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Cyrus Wesley Peck

Cyrus Wesley Peck & Bar (26 April 1871 – 27 September 1956) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Peck was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions on one single day, 2 September 1918, for actions across the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras, France. The other six were Bellenden Hutcheson, Arthur George Knight, William Metcalf, Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young.

Early life
Peck was born in Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick to a family that had emigrated from New England in 1763.

Peck was 16 years old when his father moved the family to New Westminster, British Columbia. Peck took military training and crossed the Atlantic to join the British Army then changed his mind. He returned to Canada and would volunteer for the Boer War. He was not accepted for duty. He next moved to Klondike, Yukon. When First World War began he was in Prince Rupert, British Columbia and working in a salmon cannery.

First World War
He went overseas in 1914 as a Major in the 30th Battalion. Then in May 1915 Peck joined as a lieutenant colonel in the 16th (Canadian Scottish) Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force. He was 47 years old. He became the commanding officer of the Regiment during the Battle of the Somme (1916). Peck was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in the 1917 King's Birthday Honours; a Bar to the DSO, for which the citation in the London Gazette read, "During an attack he showed fine courage and leadership. He led his battalion, under difficulties caused by heavy mist, to its final objective, nearly three miles, after severe fighting. He personally led his men in an attack on nests of machine guns protecting the enemy's guns, which he captured. Some of the guns were of 8-inch calibre."; was Mentioned in Despatches five times; and was wounded twice.

On 2 September 1918 at Cagnicourt, France (the Drocourt-Queant Line), when Lieutenant Colonel Peck's command, after capturing the first objective, was held up by enemy machine-gun fire, he went forward and made a personal reconnaissance under very heavy fire. Returning, he reorganized his battalion and pushed them forward. He then went out, under the most intense artillery and machine-gun fire and intercepted the tanks, giving them the necessary directions, pointing out where they were to make for, and thus paving the way for an infantry battalion to push forward. To this battalion he subsequently gave the necessary support. The full citation was published in a supplement to the London Gazette of 12 November 1918 (dated 15 November 1918):

"War Office, 15th November, 1918.

His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to approve of the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers, Noncommissioned Officers and Men: —

Lt.-Col. Cyrus Wesley Peck, D.S.O., Manitoba R.

For most conspicuous bravery and skilful leading when in attack under intense fire.

His command quickly captured the first objective, but progress to the further objective was held up by enemy machine-gun fire on his right flank.

The situation being critical in the extreme, Colonel Peck pushed forward and made a personal reconnaissance under heavy machine-gun and sniping fire, across a stretch of ground which was heavily swept by fire.

Having reconnoitred the position he returned, reorganised his battalion, and, acting upon the knowledge personally gained; pushed them forward and arranged to protect his flanks. He then went out under the most intense artillery and machine-gun fire, intercepted the Tanks, gave them the necessary directions, pointing out where they were to make for, and thus pave the way for a Canadian Infantry battalion to push forward. To this battalion he subsequently gave requisite support.

His magnificent display of courage and fine qualities of leadership enabled the advance to be continued, although always under heavy artillery and machine-gun fire, and contributed largely to the success of the brigade attack."

Politics
In 1917 he was a soldier candidate elected in the khaki election of 1917. He was elected in 1917 as a Unionist for the riding of Skeena. He was defeated in 1921. In 1924, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia for the riding of The Islands. A member of the British Columbia Conservative Party, he was reelected in 1928. He did not seek a third term in the 1933 provincial election.

In 1930, the Gulf Islands Ferry Company purchased the Canadian Pacific car ferry Island Princess and renamed it MV Cy Peck in honour of Peck, who was also the local MLA. The MV Cy Peck remained in service until 1966.

Following his political career he was appointed to the Canadian Pension Commission and held this post until 1941.

He died 27 September 1956 of a heart attack and is buried at New Westminster Crematorium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

A plaque inside the House of Commons, Ottawa, Ontario is dedicated to Lieutenant Colonel Cyrus Wesley Peck.

title: Cyrus Wesley Peck


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Heck reaction

The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki–Heck reaction) is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst to form a substituted alkene. It is named after Tsutomu Mizoroki and Richard F. Heck. Heck was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which he shared with Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki, for the discovery and development of this reaction. This reaction was the first example of a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction that followed a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle, the same catalytic cycle that is seen in other Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The Heck reaction is a way to substitute alkenes.

History
The original reaction by Tsutomu Mizoroki (1971) describes the coupling between iodobenzene and styrene in methanol to form stilbene at 120 °C (autoclave) with potassium acetate base and palladium chloride catalysis. This work was an extension of earlier work by Fujiwara (1967) on the Pd(II)-mediated coupling of arenes (Ar–H) and alkenes and earlier work by Heck (1969) on the coupling of arylmercuric halides (ArHgCl) with alkenes using a stoichiometric amount of a palladium(II) species.

In 1972 Heck acknowledged the Mizoroki publication and detailed independently discovered work. Heck's reaction conditions differ in terms of the catalyst (palladium acetate), catalyst loading (0.01 eq.), base (hindered amine), and absence of solvent.

In 1974 Heck showed that phosphine ligands facilitated the reaction.

Catalyst and substrates
The reaction is catalyzed by palladium complexes. Typical catalysts and precatalysts include tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), palladium chloride, and palladium(II) acetate. Typical supporting ligands are triphenylphosphine, PHOX, and BINAP. Typical bases are triethylamine, potassium carbonate, and sodium acetate.

The aryl electrophile can be a halide (Br, Cl) or a triflate as well as benzyl or vinyl halides. The alkene must contain at least one sp2-C-H bond. Electron-withdrawing substituents enhance the reaction, thus acrylates are ideal.

Reaction mechanism
The mechanism of this vinylation involves organopalladium intermediates. The required palladium(0) compound is often generated in situ from a palladium(II) precursor.

For instance, palladium(II) acetate is reduced by triphenylphosphine to bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (1) concomitant with oxidation of triphenylphosphine to triphenylphosphine oxide. Step A is an oxidative addition in which palladium inserts itself in the aryl-bromide bond. The resulting palladium(II) complex then binds alkene (3). In step B the alkene inserts into the Pd-C bond in a syn addition step. Step C involves a beta-hydride elimination (here the arrows are showing the opposite) with the formation of a new palladium - alkene π complex (5). This complex is destroyed in the next step. The Pd(0) complex is regenerated by reductive elimination of the palladium(II) compound by potassium carbonate in the final step, D. In the course of the reaction the carbonate is stoichiometrically consumed and palladium is truly a catalyst and used in catalytic amounts. A similar palladium cycle but with different scenes and actors is observed in the Wacker process.

This cycle is not limited to vinyl compounds, in the Sonogashira coupling one of the reactants is an alkyne and in the Suzuki coupling the alkene is replaced by an aryl boronic acid and in the Stille reaction by an aryl stannane. The cycle also extends to the other group 10 element nickel for example in the Negishi coupling between aryl halides and organozinc compounds. Platinum forms strong bonds with carbon and does not have a catalytic activity in this type of reaction.

Stereoselectivity
This coupling reaction is stereoselective with a propensity for trans coupling as the palladium halide group and the bulky organic residue move away from each other in the reaction sequence in a rotation step. The Heck reaction is applied industrially in the production of naproxen and the sunscreen component octyl methoxycinnamate. The naproxen synthesis includes a coupling between a brominated naphthalene compound with ethylene:

Ionic liquid Heck reaction
In the presence of an ionic liquid a Heck reaction proceeds in absence of a phosphorus ligand. In one modification palladium acetate and the ionic liquid (bmim)PF6 are immobilized inside the cavities of reversed-phase silica gel. In this way the reaction proceeds in water and the catalyst is re-usable.

Heck oxyarylation
In the Heck oxyarylation modification the palladium substituent in the syn-addition intermediate is displaced by a hydroxyl group and the reaction product contains a dihydrofuran ring.

Amino-Heck reaction
In the amino-Heck reaction a nitrogen to carbon bond is formed. In one example, an oxime with a strongly electron withdrawing group reacts intramolecularly with the end of a diene to form a pyridine compound. The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and the base is triethylamine.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Heck reaction


text: User talk:65.96.20.233

title: User talk:65.96.20.233


text: Category:Michigan culture

title: Category:Michigan culture


text:
Clann Zú

Clann Zú were an Australian-Irish band that formed in late 1999 in Melbourne. By early 2002 they had relocated to Dublin. The group issued two albums, Rua (2002) and Black Coats & Bandages (June 2004), before disbanding in May 2005.

Biography
Clann Zú were formed in Melbourne in late 1999 by Benjamin Andrews on electric guitar, Declan de Barra on vocals and bodhrán, and Nathan Greaves on bass guitar – all from Non-Intentional Lifeform. They were soon joined by Russell Fawcus on electric violin and keyboards, and Pip Reid on drums and percussion. Clann Zú played "dramatic soundtrack quality" music with "a lush blend of dark and moving contemporary western sounds tinged with Middle Eastern and Irish melodies."

The forming members drew inspiration from an eclectic mix of musical styles, such as punk, rock, folk, electronic, and classical. Their fusion of Celtic folk, electronic music, and rock has created a unique epic soundscape full of powerful atmospheric sounds and off-beat instrumentation. Their songs are bilingual, utilising both Irish and English lyrics. In February 2000, they recorded a six-track extended play, Clann Zú, which was issued independently. Mediasearch's Carmine Pascuzzi felt that "Various styles epitomise their sound, from hip-hop to hard rock" and that they provided "a well-compiled collection that indicates potential for better things" with "de Barra, a charismatic frontman who sets a high standard for himself. He is intense and the vocals soar to good heights in the effort to impose himself on the audience."

In 2002 they released their first LP, Rua, on Zahrada Records. Jasper Lee of Oz Music Project described its "style ranges from hard edged post rock riffs into languished instrumental and folk/celtic interludes, no one could ever blame the band for every being boring... Whilst room for improvement is in order, it is unlikely that [they] have peaked yet, so anticipate to hear even bigger and better things from them soon." In July, they toured New South Wales to promote their single, "Choking on the Prize", which Christie Eliezer of Music & Media previewed: the group "plays a blend of alterno, folk and electronica."

During December 2001, Clann Zú relocated to Europe and early in the next year they moved to Dublin. The band signed to Winnipeg-based G7 Welcoming Committee Records, an independent record label, which re-issued, Rua, in September 2003. "Five Thousand More" was promoted via an animated music video created by de Barra, which was used for various festivals and online film and animation sites, including the 47th Cork International Film Festival. They subsequently released an animated video to accompany an Irish version of "Crashing to the Floor" in mid-2003. During 2003, My Disco was formed, initially as a side-project, in Melbourne by Benjamin Andrews on guitar; Liam Andrews on bass guitar and vocals; and Rohan Rebeiro on drums.

Clann Zú's second album, Black Coats & Bandages, was released in June 2004. The line-up for the album was Benjamin Andrews on guitar; Liam Andrews on bass guitar; de Barra on lead vocals; Fawcus on electric violin, piano and keyboard; Rebeiro on drums and percussion; and Lach Wooden on live sound manipulation and audio engineer. This saw a move away from the traditional Irish and folk influences which had characterised their first LP, Rua. Despite this stylistic departure they retained and indeed increased their use of the Irish language, with two songs ("T-éan Bán" and "An Deireadh Scéal") sung entirely in Irish.

Clann Zú released the following statement, announcing their break-up, on their website in May 2005: "Clann Zú regret to announce that it is no longer continuing to tour or record. Such is the life of a band. Benjamin and Liam will continue to tour and record with My Disco on the Crashing Jets label and Declan de Barra will continue with his own solo project." Russell Fawcus later joined The Black Hundred, with former members of Oneironaut, Season, and the Grand Silent System. In July 2010, the Black Hundred released their self-titled first album.

Studio albums

 * Rua (2002, Zahrada)
 * Black Coats & Bandages (1 June 2004, G7 Welcoming Committee Records)

Extended plays

 * Clann Zú (February 2000, self-released)
 * Red-Emitting Light Organ (2003)

Singles

 * "Choking on the Prize" (July 2000)

Members

 * Benjamin Andrews – electric guitar
 * Russell Fawcus – electric violin, keyboard
 * Declan de Barra – vocals, bodhrán
 * Liam Andrews – bass guitar
 * Pip Atherstone-Reid - Drums
 * Nathan Greeves - Bass
 * Lach Wooden – sound manipulation, engineer

title: Clann Zú


text:
Charles A. Wickliffe

Charles Anderson Wickliffe (June 8, 1788 – October 31, 1869) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky. He also served as Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives, the 14th Governor of Kentucky, and was appointed Postmaster General by President John Tyler. Though he consistently identified with the Whig Party, he was politically independent, and often had differences of opinion with Whig founder and fellow Kentuckian Henry Clay.

Wickliffe received a strong education in public school and through private tutors. He studied law and was part of a debate club that also included future U.S. Attorney General Felix Grundy and future Governor of Florida William Pope Duval. He was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1812. A vigorous supporter of the War of 1812, he served for a brief time as aide-de-camp to two American generals in the war. In 1823, he was elected to the first of five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. He returned to the state House in 1833, and was elected the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 1836. Governor James Clark died in office on October 5, 1839, and Wickliffe served as governor for the remaining nine months of Clark's term.

President Tyler appointed Wickliffe as Postmaster General following Wickliffe's term as governor. While aboard a steamship in 1844, he was stabbed by a man who was later found to be insane. In 1845, President James K. Polk sent Wickliffe on a secret mission to report on British and French intents with regard to annexing Texas and to assess the feasibility of the United States undertaking such an action. Wickliffe's participation in this endeavor further distanced him from the Whigs.

In 1861, Wickliffe was again elected to the U.S. House, serving a single term. He tried to avert the Civil War by serving as a delegate to both the 1861 Peace Conference and the Border States Convention. After war was declared, he sided with the Union cause. In 1863, he again sought the office of governor, but federal military forces interfered with the election, resulting in a landslide victory for Thomas E. Bramlette. Later in life, Wickliffe was crippled in a carriage accident and also went completely blind. He died on October 31, 1869, while visiting his daughter in Maryland.

Early life
Charles Anderson Wickliffe was born June 8, 1788, in a log cabin near Springfield, Kentucky. He was the youngest of the nine children born to Charles and Lydia (Hardin) Wickliffe. His family emigrated to Kentucky from Virginia in 1784.

Wickliffe attained his early education at the local schools of Springfield, then attended Wilson's Academy in Bardstown. For a year, he received private instruction from James Blythe, acting president of Transylvania University, then read law with Martin D. Hardin, a cousin on his mother's side. In 1809, he was admitted to the bar and began practice in Bardstown. He owned slaves. He and five other prominent lawyers of Bardstown formed a debate club called The Pleiades Club. The club included six members: Wickliffe, John Hays, Ben Chapeze, Benjamin Hardin (another of Wickliffe's cousins), Felix Grundy, and William Pope Duval. John Rowan and John Pope also participated in the debates, but were not members of the club.

In his early life, Wickliffe was known to gamble at cards. His friends considered his gambling excessive, and two of them – Duval and Judge John Pope Oldham – devised a scheme to break Wickliffe of his habit. The two knew that Wickliffe would be collecting several thousand dollars at the upcoming session of the Bullitt County court. They plotted to invite Wickliffe to play cards with them and agreed upon a secret system of signals to communicate about the strengths and weaknesses of the cards in their hands. In this way, they hoped to win all of Wickliffe's money, then return it to him in exchange for his promise to forsake the vice. On the night appointed, however, it was Wickliffe who won all the money wagered by Duval and Oldham, despite their schemes. When Wickliffe later learned of the designs of his friends, he agreed to give up gambling.

In 1813, Wickliffe married Margaret Cripps, and the couple had three sons and five daughters. Most notable among the children was Robert, who became Governor of Louisiana. His daughter Nancy married David Levy Yulee.

The Wickliffes contracted with John Rogers, architect of St. Joseph's Cathedral in Bardstown, to construct their residence, which they dubbed "Wickland". Later, Wickland was called "the home of three governors". Besides Wickliffe and his son, J. C. W. Beckham, Wickliffe's grandson and future governor of Kentucky, occupied the residence.

Political career
Wickliffe's political career began when he was elected to represent Nelson County in the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1812 and 1813. During his tenure, he enthusiastically supported the War of 1812. He first served as an aide-de-camp to General Joseph Winlock, and on August 24, 1813, he enlisted as a private in Martin H. Wickliffe's company. On September 2, 1813, he was chosen as aide-de-camp to General Samuel Caldwell and served in this capacity at the October 5, 1813, Battle of the Thames. In 1816, he succeeded Ben Hardin as Commonwealth's Attorney for Nelson County.

Wickliffe was returned to the Kentucky House in 1822 and 1823. During this period, a controversy known as the Old Court-New Court controversy was raging in Kentucky. Reeling from the financial Panic of 1819, many of the state's citizens demanded debt relief. When some debt relief measures passed by the legislature were declared unconstitutional by the Kentucky Court of Appeals, the legislature attempted to dissolve the court and replace it with a more sympathetic one. For a time, two courts claimed to be the court of last resort in Kentucky. Wickliffe supported the "Old Court", which was the court that eventually prevailed.

First service in the House of Representatives
In 1823, Wickliffe was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served five consecutive terms. Again he succeeded his cousin and friend, Ben Hardin. Though a Whig, he disagreed with many of the positions of the party's founder, Henry Clay. When no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes in the 1824 presidential election, the constitution mandated that the election be decided in the House. Wickliffe bucked Clay's advice to vote for him and instead voted for Andrew Jackson, who was the choice of the Kentucky legislature.

Historian Robert Powell opined that Wickliffe's break from party loyalty may explain his lack of committee appointments in his early years in the House. Beginning in 1829, however, he chaired the Committee on Public Lands. In this capacity, he attacked Clay's plan to distribute surplus revenue among the states as being unfair to younger states. He also differed with Clay over Clay's willingness to limit slavery. He wrote Clay concerning his slowness to respond to the problem of fugitive slaves; Clay never responded. Neither was Wickliffe loyal to the Jacksonian platform, however. In a letter to his brother, he lamented Jackson's attacks on the Second Bank of the United States. He publicly encouraged Kentuckians to strengthen the Whigs, despite his disagreements with Clay.

In 1830, Wickliffe was chosen by his colleagues as one of the managers of the impeachment trial proceedings against Missouri District Court judge James H. Peck. In 1831, he was one of several candidates proposed by the Kentucky General Assembly to succeed John Rowan in the U.S. Senate. Of the sixty-nine votes needed to be elected to the seat, Wickliffe received forty-nine. Other candidates included John J. Crittenden (sixty-eight votes), John Breathitt (sixty-six votes), and Richard Mentor Johnson (sixty-four votes). After three days of balloting, the Assembly was still unable to fill the seat, and it was allowed to remain vacant until the next session. Wickliffe did not seek re-election to his seat in the House in 1833.

Governor of Kentucky
Wickliffe returned to the state legislature from 1833 to 1835. In 1834, he defeated Daniel Breck and John L. Helm to become Speaker of the House. He was elected lieutenant governor of Kentucky in 1836, defeating Democrat Elijah Hise by a margin of just over 1,300 votes. Upon the death of Governor James Clark on October 5, 1839, he became acting governor and served the remaining nine months of Clark's term.

As governor, Wickliffe's primary concern was the Panic of 1837. He advocated raising property taxes to offset spending deficits that had climbed to $42,000 by 1839, but the legislature borrowed money to meet the current expenses instead. Wickliffe maintained the state's credit by paying the interest due on state securities. The only areas where he called for more spending were improvements in river navigation, preservation of state archives, and public education. Aside from these concerns, he was inundated with requests for clemency.

Service to Presidents Tyler and Polk
Wickliffe campaigned on behalf of the Whig ticket of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler in the presidential election of 1840. Wickliffe and Tyler were friends, having shared a room when they were both in Congress. When Harrison's death elevated Tyler to the office of president, Tyler appointed Wicklilffe as Postmaster General, a choice that angered Clay supporters in the party. Wickliffe served in Tyler's administration until March 1845.

On August 1, 1844, Wickliffe and two of his daughters boarded the steamship Georgia traveling from Old Point Comfort in Virginia to Baltimore, Maryland. While en route, he was stabbed in the chest by a man wielding a claspknife. The knife bounced off Wickliffe's breastbone without damaging any major internal organs, and a U.S. Navy officer prevented a second blow from hitting Wickliffe. Wickliffe's attacker, J. McLean Gardner, was disarmed and arrested. Later that night, he wrote Wickliffe a letter of apology. Wickliffe was not seriously injured, and returned home three days after the attack. Gardner was tried and found to be insane; he was later sent to an asylum.

Wickliffe supported the annexation of Texas, an issue that helped seal Clay's defeat in the 1844 presidential canvass. In 1845, President James K. Polk sent Wickliffe as an envoy on a secret mission to the Republic of Texas. Originally, his purpose was to quash British and French attempts to forestall the U.S. annexation of Texas, but he later joined Commodore Robert F. Stockton in lobbying leaders of the Republic of Texas to order their military forces across the Rio Grande into Mexico. Stockton and Wickliffe believed that if they could provoke a Texan invasion of Mexico, the United States would have a stronger case for annexing Texas. Ultimately, they failed in convincing the Texans to invade, but succeeded in drumming up support for annexation. Both Wickliffe's position on annexation and his willingness to carry out Polk's assignment further distanced him from the Whigs.

Later political career
On February 18, 1841, the Kentucky General Assembly elected James Turner Morehead to the U.S. Senate; Wickliffe received twenty votes in this contest. In 1849, he was chosen as a delegate to the state constitutional convention, despite having opposed the calling of such a convention a decade earlier. Wickliffe's political opponents, including Thomas F. Marshall, claimed this showed Wickliffe's political inconsistency, a charge that Wickliffe denied. The following year, Wickliffe was appointed to a committee charged with revising the state's code of laws. On January 8, 1861, he chaired the state Democratic convention in Louisville.

Wickliffe was elected to another term in Congress, serving from 1861 to 1863 as a Union Whig. He opposed the idea of secession, and was a member of both the 1861 Peace Conference and the Border States Convention that attempted to stave off the Civil War. In April 1861, he attended a secret meeting at the Capitol Hotel in Frankfort where participants planned to arm Union supporters in key areas of the state. On May 18, President Lincoln supplied rifles – nicknamed "Lincoln guns" – for the venture. After Braxton Bragg's forces destroyed the railroad trestles near Bardstown, Wickliffe personally hired Joseph Z. Aud to carry the area's mail by private carriage. The trestles were rebuilt in February 1863, precluding the need for Aud's service.

Near the end of his term in Congress, Wickliffe was thrown from a carriage and permanently crippled. Despite his injury, he remained politically active. In 1863, he ran for governor as a Peace Democrat on an anti-Lincoln platform. Military authorities considered him subversive, however, and interfered with the election; Wickliffe lost to Thomas E. Bramlette in a landslide.

Wickliffe served as a delegate to the 1864 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, casting his vote for George B. McClellan. In the final years of his life, he became totally blind. While visiting his daughter near Ilchester, Maryland, he fell gravely ill and died on October 31, 1869. He was buried in Bardstown Cemetery in Bardstown. During World War I, a U.S. naval ship was named in Wickliffe's honor.

title: Charles A. Wickliffe


text: Category:Government of Michigan

title: Category:Government of Michigan


text:
Lists of weapons

This is an index of lists of weapons.

By time period

 * List of medieval weapons
 * List of premodern combat weapons
 * List of American Civil War weapons
 * List of World War I weapons
 * List of World War II weapons
 * List of Korean War weapons
 * List of Vietnam War weapons
 * List of 20th-century weapons

By type

 * List of anti-aircraft weapons
 * List of aircraft weapons
 * List of artillery
 * List of firearms
 * List of assault rifles
 * List of battle rifles
 * List of blow forward firearms
 * List of bolt-action rifles
 * List of bullpup firearms
 * List of carbines
 * List of delayed blowback firearms
 * List of grenade launchers
 * List of machine guns
 * List of multiple-barrel firearms
 * List of pistols
 * List of recoilless rifles
 * List of revolvers
 * List of rifles
 * List of rocket launchers
 * List of semi-automatic pistols
 * List of semi-automatic rifles
 * List of shotguns
 * List of sniper rifles
 * List of submachine guns
 * List of flamethrowers
 * List of magical weapons
 * List of martial arts weapons
 * List of man-portable anti-tank systems
 * List of missiles
 * List of mythological weapons
 * List of practice weapons
 * List of rockets
 * Lists of swords
 * List of types of spears
 * List of torpedoes

By country

 * List of artillery by country
 * List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces
 * List of service rifles of national armies
 * List of weapons of the U.S. Marine Corps

Weapons-related

 * List of aircraft
 * List of armoured fighting vehicles
 * List of chemical warfare agents
 * List of handgun cartridges
 * List of rifle cartridges

title: Lists of weapons


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jordan stempleman

Jordan stempleman was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Jordan stempleman
Non-notable poet; 28 google hits, "privately published in 2001 with the assistance of associates at Kinko's". Probably vanity -- Eugene van der Pijll 22:42, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Delete.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 22:46, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable.  --Randy 23:07, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable.  --Idont Havaname 23:36, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity. His name doesn't even rate a capital letter!  :^P - Lucky 6.9 00:34, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 04:36, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --[[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 18:01, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Amanda Byram

Amanda Byram (born 16 June 1973) is an Irish television presenter and former model, best known for co-presenting BBC One game show Total Wipeout with Richard Hammond, the Irish version of Dancing with the Stars on RTÉ1 and for hosting American television shows, The Swan and Paradise Hotel.

Early life
Formerly a model, Byram started her career on television in 1999 presenting the TV3 morning show Ireland AM with Mark Cagney, during which time she met her then-boyfriend, comedian Patrick Kielty.

Television career
Soon afterwards she began appearing on British television, initially as a host on The Big Breakfast on Channel 4 in 2001 and subsequently appeared as a guest host on Liquid News on BBC Three in 2002. She also presented the UK edition of Entertainment Tonight, which aired on Sky One.

Having broken up with Kielty, she relocated to the United States, choosing to base herself in Los Angeles. Numerous TV presenting roles followed including the reality television series Paradise Hotel, in 2003 and 2008.

Byram hosted the Miss World pageant in 2003 and briefly appeared in David Hewlett's 2006 film A Dog's Breakfast.

Byram served as the host for the Fox reality television special Seriously, Dude, I'm Gay, which was set to air on June 7, 2004. However, the special was abruptly shelved eleven days before its premiere following backlash from the media monitoring organization GLAAD. Speaking on the special's cancellation, Byram commented: "Of course it is always disappointing when things don’t air, but TV and the FCC is very sensitive right now, and I roll with the decisions made by the Fox network, as they have been and continue to be very supportive to me."

In 2007 she co-hosted, along with Dennis Miller, the Game Show Network programme Grand Slam, a US version of the British quiz format. She has also worked on The Swan, a beauty show following 3 unattractive women who turn their life around by having an extreme makeover. She also appeared as a special guest on Anonymous in 2009.

She hosted the Meteor Music Awards at the RDS, Dublin on 17 March 2009 and appeared on The Cafe on 30 January to publicise her selection.

She has co-hosted the British gameshow Total Wipeout alongside Richard Hammond, from 3 January 2009. After 5 series and 1 Winter series, the final episode was aired on 31 December 2012.

She also regularly co-hosted Something for the Weekend with Tim Lovejoy, standing in for Louise Redknapp, as well as standing in for Lovejoy on its replacement series, Sunday Brunch.

In 2010, she appeared in one episode of Supersize vs Superskinny, helping Anna Richardson get the perfect body. On 6 August 2010, Byram presented This Morning with Paddy McGuinness.

Byram was a guest on the first episode of the BBC One panel game Ask Rhod Gilbert.

In January and February 2011 she presented selected Strictly Come Dancing Live! shows across different locations. Kate Thornton presented the shows that Byram missed.

On 8 January 2011, Byram appeared in an episode of BBC One show The Magicians. As the celebrity on the losing team, she had to endure the forfeit trick at the end of the episode, being sawn in half by a 36-inch diameter buzz saw without any boxes covering her body.

Byram hosted a new TV show for Sky 1 HD, called Don't Stop Me Now, in 2012. The first episode aired on 18 March 2012.

On 31 May 2013, Byram presented This Morning with Jake Humphrey.

In November 2016, it was reported and later confirmed that Byram would host the Irish version of Dancing with the Stars alongside Nicky Byrne. The series started in January 2017 on RTÉ One and is based on the format of the original British TV series Strictly Come Dancing. On 28 August 2018, after two series, Byram confirmed that she would not be returning as a presenter in 2019.

From 2019 to 2022, Byram served as a host on Food Unwrapped.

Personal life
Before she moved to the United States, Byram dated comedian Patrick Kielty. Currently living in Fulham, South-west London, she was engaged to former rugby union player Craig McMullen. However, she announced in January 2012 that she had split from him.

Since April 2014, she has been in a relationship with Julian Okines, a creative content producer. In December 2015, they announced their engagement, and they got married in April 2016. Byram gave birth to their son named Phoenix in November 2021.

She adheres to a vigorous fitness routine and is known for being proud of her physique.

title: Amanda Byram


text:
User:DnB

I am DnB. My interests are in the area of international development and human rights.

title: User:DnB


text: Category:People from Michigan

title: Category:People from Michigan


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Wiki Syntax/1911-category.txt

Done. 30 Nov 2004 07:12


text:
John Pearson (VC)

John Pearson VC (19 January 1825 – 18 April 1892) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth forces.

Details
John Pearson was born 19 January 1825 in Leeds, Yorkshire, England. He married Selina Smart in the General Baptist Church in Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England on 6 April 1851. He was aged 25 and was a private in the 8th Hussars, living in the barracks in Trowbridge, the son of Stephen Pearson, a gardener. Selina Smart is shown as age 20, a spinner, a feeder by profession, living on Stallard Street, daughter of Edward Smart, a spinner.

He was 33 years old and a private in the 8th Hussars (The King's Royal Irish), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place:

On 17 June 1858 at Gwalior, British India, Pearson took part in a charge by a squadron of the 8th Hussars. Four men in this action, Pearson, Clement Walker Heneage, Joseph Ward, and George Hollis were awarded the Victoria Cross, the joint citation reading as follows: "8th Hussars, Captain (now Brevet-Major) Clement Walker Heneage, No. 1584 Sergeant Joseph Ward, No. 1298 Farrier George Hollis, No. 861 Private John Pearson: Date of Act of Bravery 17th June, 1858. Selected for the Victoria Cross by their companions in the gallant charge made by a squadron of the Regiment at Gwalior, on the 17th of June, 1858, when, supported by a division of the Bombay Horse Artillery, and Her Majesty's 95th Regiment, they routed the enemy, who were advancing against Brigadier Smith's position, charged through the rebel camp into two batteries, capturing and bringing into their camp two of the enemy's guns, under a heavy and converging fire from the Fort and Town. (Field Force Orders by Major-General Sir Hugh Henry Rose, G.C.B., Commanding Central India Field Force, dated Camp, Gwalior, 28th June, 1858.)"

Further information
He later achieved the rank of sergeant with the 19th Hussars and was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal. He died on 18 April 1892 in Lion's Head, Eastnor Township, Bruce County, Ontario after emigrating to Canada.

The medal
His VC was auctioned by Morton & Eden Ltd of London on 23 November 2004 and is now on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum, London.

title: John Pearson (VC)


text:
Trenchtown

Trench Town (also Trenchtown) is a neighbourhood located in the parish of St. Andrew, part of which is in Kingston, the capital and largest city of Jamaica. Today Trench Town is the location of the Trench Town Culture Yard Museum, a National Heritage Site presenting the unique history and contribution of Trench Town to Jamaica.

Trench Town is the birthplace of rocksteady and reggae music, as well as the home of reggae and Rastafari ambassador Bob Marley. The neighborhood gets its name from its previous designation as Trench Pen, 400 acres of land once used for livestock by Daniel Power Trench, an Irish immigrant of the 18th century (descendants of the Earls of Clancarty). The Trench family abandoned the land in the late 19th century. Trench Town is home to the communities of Wilton Gardens [Rema], Federal Gardens, Arnett Gardens [Jungle], Havana, Buckers and others. Trench Town today is also the home of two of Jamaica's top Premier League football club teams, Arnett Gardens and Boys' Town.

History
During the colonial period, Trenchtown was part of the Greenwich Park estate of Daniel Power Trench (1813-1884), son of a wealthy plantation owner and slave-holder. Christopher Whyms-Stone asserts the settlement's name derives from Daniel Trench (rather than, for instance, taking its name from gulleys and trenches observable in its landscape).

During the 1930s, Trench Pen, in southern St. Andrew (neighboring western Kingston), was a growing squatter settlement for the rural to urban migrants. Trench Pen was developed into Trench Town when the colonial government's Central Housing Authority (CHA) initiated a model township project, which included owner-occupied housing, rental social housing, schools, a theatre (The Ambassador), a park (Vin Lawrence Park), YMCA and YWCA, health clinic and fire station. Approximately 200 acres of Trench Pen was used to create Trench Town, and the remaining land became known as Rose Town, a residential community. Many who came from rural Jamaica to find work settled in the western side of Kingston, as there were available "idle" lands, and the area was also a desirable location since it close to downtown and the market district.

The new residences consisted of one- and two-storey 'knog' buildings, built in clusters or around a central courtyard with communal cooking and bathroom facilities. The residences became the famous Government Yards of Trench Town. Knog construction refers to a labor-intensive traditional method of construction where a timber-frame structure is in-filled with brick or rubble then covered with a wire mesh and plastered. The architecture used was that of a rural Caribbean vernacular with hip roofs and wide verandas. Trench Town was a planned community with a hierarchical grid of streets and central sewage and garbage disposal systems. In the 1950s and 1960s, bread and milk were delivered door to door. Each month the CHA would inspect the residences to ensure compliance and that tenants paid their twelve shillings per month on time.

Trench then became famous for the talent which emerged from the project. Trench Town is mainly known for the vast number of musicians it produced, the community has also produced some of Jamaica's top professional, business and political leaders as well as famous sports and religious personalities. This small area contributed widely to global awareness of the impoverished and politically-corrupt conditions in Jamaica.

Like the rest of Jamaica, Trench Town became unstable and dangerous in the early 1970s when politics became violent. The two major Jamaican political parties (the People's National Party and the Jamaica Labour Party) had emerged in Kingston and violently enforced codes that ensured only their party's supporters had access to jobs and services. The lower part of Trench Town below Seventh Street was sympathetic to the JLP, which in the 1970s put it at war with its northern neighbor Arnette Gardens, a PNP stronghold. The road connecting the two, Seventh Street, became the frontline in an all-out war, which saw the entire two blocks of Government Yards between Fifth Street and Seventh Streets being destroyed. The greatest challenge of the community and Jamaica today is poverty.

Traditional community organizations such as Boys Town [YMCA] and Joy Town [YWCA] continue to contribute to the welfare of the residents. New organizations such as AIR (Agency for Inner-city Renewal), the Trenchtown Reading Centre [FACE Jamaica], and the Trench Town Development Association, were formed to increase positive social attitudes, increase literacy and encourage government spending and development in the area. Crime in the neighbourhood has declined; the murder rate in western Kingston has dropped since the mid-1990s. King Charles III has funded a regeneration project in Rose Town through his Foundation for Building Community.

Birthplace of reggae
Trench Town is known in popular culture due to numerous ska, rocksteady, and reggae musicians who grew up there, most notably Bob Marley, who spent much of his youth in the Government Yard on First Street. His songs "Trenchtown", "Natty Dread", "Trenchtown Rock" and "No Woman, No Cry" make reference to it. It was also home to Rastafari elder Mortimo "Kumi" Planno, and the following artists and groups: • The Abyssinians

• Wailing Souls

• The Paragons

• The Techniques

• Toots & the Maytals

• Dean Fraser

• Ernest Ranglin

• Alton Ellis

• Hortense Ellis

• Winston "Flames" Jarrett

• Delroy Wilson

• Joe Higgs

• Adina Edwards

• Junior Braithwaite

• Lord Tanamo

• Stranger Cole

• Cynthia Schloss

• Lascelles Perkins

• Dobby Dobson

• Noel 'Scully' Simms

• the Folkes Brothers

• Wilfred 'Jackie' Edwards

• Leroy Sibbles

• Bongo Herman

• Roy Shirley

• Massive Dread

• Anthony Johnson

• Peter Tosh

• Bunny Wailer

• Mighty Diamonds

Main sights

 * Trench Town Culture Yard Museum
 * Trenchtown Reading Centre
 * Vin Lawrence Park (locally called simply 'the park')
 * Trench Town Peace and Justice Centre

Education

 * Trench Town Primary School
 * Boys Town Learning Institution
 * Trench Town Polytechnic College, Formerly Trench Town High School
 * Iris Gelly Primary
 * Charlie Smith High School
 * Jones Town Primary

Notable people

 * DJ Kool Herc (Clive Campbell), DJ and rapper
 * Alton Ellis, rocksteady singer and recording artist
 * Dean Fraser, saxophonist and recording artist
 * Joe Higgs, reggae musician and recording artist
 * Knowledge (Anthony Doyley, Michael Smith, Delroy Fowlin, Michael Samuels, Earl MacFarlane, Paul Freeman, Magnus Skeen)
 * Bob Marley reggae singer, songwriter, guitarist, and recording artist
 * Massive Dread (Dennis James), reggae deejay
 * Mortimer Planno, Rastafari elder
 * Ernest Ranglin, composer, guitarist, and recording artist
 * Collie Smith, West Indian cricketer
 * Peter Tosh (Winston Hubert McIntosh) OM, reggae singer, guitarist, percussionist, recording artist
 * Bunny Wailer (Neville O'Riley Livingston), reggae singer, songwriter, percussionist, and recording artist
 * Delroy Wilson, ska, rocksteady, and reggae singer and recording artist

title: Trenchtown


text:
BlackGirl

BlackGirl is an American pop/dance vocal trio consisting of Pam Copeland, Nycolia "Tye-V" Turman, and Rochelle Stuart from Atlanta, that formed in 1992 on the Kaper/RCA/BMG label.

Biography
BlackGirl released their debut album Treat U Right in 1994. Warren Marshall of the Columbus Times remarked: "Blackgirl -- the ultimate definition of today's `90's girls." They released their debut single "Krazy" in 1993, which was one of four consecutive top forty singles on the Billboard R&B chart, "Krazy" (No. 37), "90's Girl" (No. 13), "Where Did We Go Wrong" (No. 39) and "Let's Do It Again" (No. 25). By the time "90's Girl" was released the album has US sales of over 500,000 units. "I wanted all of us to have the same look. When you have short hair it puts you out there"

By the end of 1994, BlackGirl toured the United States with R. Kelly for a six-week tour, appeared on Soul Train, and in a Chrysler commercial, and released the holiday single "Give Love On Christmas Day"/"Christmas Time". The group then teamed up with Aaliyah, En Vogue, Mary J. Blige, Vanessa Williams, For Real, and SWV for the single "Freedom" from the film, Panther. The single became BlackGirl's fifth Top forty single, when peaked at number eighteen.

On September 24, the band performed at the 1994 Georgia Hall of Fame gala honoring Isaac Hayes.

In 1995, the band earned two Soul Train Award nominations, Single of the Year (By A Group, Band or Duo) for "Let's Do It Again" and Album of the Year (By A Group, Band or Duo) for Treat U Right. They then released "90's Girl" in the UK, the song was a Top five success on the R&B chart, and reached #23 on the UK Singles Chart. The group appeared on the single "Hey, Look Away" by Questionmark Asylum in late 1995, and at the end of the year the group performed with Chuck Berry at Apollo Theater Hall of Fame ceremony.

In 1996 the group disbanded. In 2010, Stuart released a gospel album titled I Choose Jesus, billed as Rochelle Morgan.

In 2013 AllMusic.com named "Krazy" the #35 Best R&B Song of 1994. The original lineup of Blackgirl reunited in late 2016 with an updated version their hit, "Where Did We Go Wrong." 2017 finds Blackgirl with new tour dates listed on their official website http://www.theofficialblackgirl.com

Humanitarian work
On January 7, 1995 BlackGirl took part in 'The Lou Rawls Parade of Stars' to benefit the United Negro College Fund. In March 1995 BlackGirl joined Naomi Campbell, Coolio, Aaliyah and Naughty by Nature as part of CounterAID, a benefit for AIDS. The program raised over $200,000.

Discography

 * Treat U Right (1994)

title: BlackGirl


text:
Talk:Corn tortilla

Etymology
It would be more proper to note that tortilla means omelette in the majority of Spanish speaking countries outside of Meso-America. You would be hard pressed to get a Chilean, Argentine, Cuban or Dominican to think tortilla is anything else.

 * The Diccionario de la Real Academia Español says

 * 1. f. Fritada de huevo batido, en forma redonda o alargada, a la cual se añade a veces algún otro ingrediente.
 * 2. f. Am. Cen., Méx., P. Rico y R. Dom. Alimento en forma circular y aplanada, para acompañar la comida, que se hace con masa de maíz hervido en agua con cal, y se cuece en comal. Es fundamental en la alimentación de estos países.
 * 3. f. NO Arg., Bol. y Chile. Pequeña torta chata, por lo común salada, hecha con harina de trigo o maíz, y cocida al rescoldo.

 * which means, roughly,
 * 1. f. Fritatta (or omelette) of beaten egg, in round or extended form, to which some other ingredient is sometimes added.
 * 2. f. Central America, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic. Round, flat food, that typically accompanies a dish, made from corn dough boiled in water with lime (not the fruit), and cooked on a comal (metal or mud cooking surface). It is a dietary staple in these countries.
 * 3. f. Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. Small flat cake, usually salty, made with wheat or corn flour, and cooked to the embers.

 * The RAE indicates the Mexican tortilla is the normal meaning of tortilla in Mexico, Central America, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic, and in South America, particularly in Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia, a different food is called tortilla, but it has much more in common with the Mexican kind than the Spanish kind. In Colombia, too, the normal meaning of tortilla would be the kind made with flour, not eggs, although it's not really a big part of the cuisine there (they eat arepas, which seem to be similar to Argentine, Bolivian, and Chilean tortillas).

 * But all of this is beside the point, because this is the English Wikipedia, and the primary meaning of tortilla in English is the Mexican variety. However, yes, the point is correct that it might be a good idea to mention that to many speakers of spanish (if not necessarily the "majority of Spanish speaking countries) use tortilla to mean what is called a "Spanish tortilla" on this page.Nohat 01:30, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

You're completely right. Mesoamerican tortillas are unknown in South America and large parts of the Caribbean. Additionally, I have never seen this South American tortilla in Argentina, so it must be quite limited. In any case, judging by their usage of the word Native Mexican/Nahuatl word "tamal" for "traditional" food, it might be that it was recently imported (i.e. less than 450 years) anyway. I am going to change the entry to reflect this, using Mesoamerica as the "original" territory of the "American" tortilla. --mexicatl 10:33, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Bias! Horrible and terrible Bias!
"Corn tortillas are customarily served and eaten warm; when cool, they acquire a rubbery texture and are less appetizing."

I'm eating a cold tortilla right now, straight from the refridgerator, and it's delicious. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.144.78.17 (talk • contribs).

 * I actually like them cold also. We are wierd. :p--Teacherbrock (talk) 14:40, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

Flour tortilla
"The flour tortilla is probably best known as the tortilla used to make burritos, a modern "mexi-cali" food invented in California."

That is totally false, I am from the northern mexican state of Sonora, where flour tortillas are the traditional ones and most consumed, maize tortillas are not as widespread as flour tortillas. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 189.171.55.88 (talk) 18:42, 18 December 2006 (UTC).

That's wrong on two counts, burritos weren't invented in California. Tubezone 19:20, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Northern Mexico has a different cuisine than the rest of the country, in central and southern Mexico, the corn tortilla is the Most consumed. Besides, it is a native food, flour tortillas come from spain. I am terribly sorry that you think that Sonora represents all Mexico. You should travel more in your own country to learn this at least (to other places NOT in the north). Peace. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.195.211.14 (talk) 01:34, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

Nicaragua´s Staple Food
Nicaragua has been omitted from the section talking about handmade, thicker tortillas. Being the poorest country in central america, you can count on people making tortilla in the absence of Capital equipment. I´m not sure what kind of citation you would need for this comment to be integrated into the article, but rest assured that I am there right now and I eat it three times a day and help the family desgranar (degrain) the kernels from the maiz. Every Nicaraguan pueblo or communidad has a molino (a thing that grinds) for those who want to make maza from what they have soaked in cal (fireplace ashes) the night before. 190.7.64.101 20:00, 15 January 2007 (UTC)Lucian

Unleavened
Tortillas may be historically unleavened, but the rollable white flour northern mexican tortilla that is often described in the article always has a leavening agent i.e. baking soda. Google "tortilla recipe" and the first three or four (admittedly americentric) results will all have baking soda. Unleavened maize tortillas are, and someone correct me if I am wrong, inflexible and crisp like matzo. They're more like what a North American might think of as a taco shell. Ombligotron 22:56, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

 * You are right. I researched this and one of the main ingridients for Rexal, an ingredient used for Flour Tortilla, is baking soda (see: this link). I don't know about the maize tortilla, but at least for flour tortilla, it is used. You should add it, along with sources, to the article. Hari Seldon 23:52, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Move or disambiguate?
I was surprised to see the tortilla article is about the 'Mexican tortilla' (as I shall call it for lack of a better name). I expected it to be either about the original, Spanish, tortilla or be a disambiguation page. 'Tortilla' is a rather odd name for the Mexican tortilla because it literally means 'little pie' ('torta' means 'pie'). And it is usually translated as an omelette (my Spanish-Dutch dictionary gives only that translation). As I understand it, tortilla originally refers to some round comestible, which leaves open what it is made of. This article could also be more than disambiguation, giving an short overview of the various things that are tortillas, which is already the case to some extent. For example, the football article is also neutral as to which sport that is and deals with all of them. Of course it doesn't have to be anywhere near as extensive, but the idea is to not 'take sides', so to say, or this could become a very lengthy discussion between Europeans and North Americans (I don't suppose many South Americans will be active here). In my opinion the Spanish tortillas should really be the subject of this article, because for the Mexican tortilla it is really a misnomer, it is not what most people mean by the word 'tortilla' and the Spanish omelette had the name before the Mexican 'unleavened bread' did. But I decided to save time and jump to the conclusion this discussion would probably get to. Still one problem remains. What should the 'Mexican tortilla' be called? It's really a pancake, isn't it? The only difference is that it's made from maize, but for the rest the preparation is really like a pancake. Anyway, what I propose is something like this: "Tortilla is a Spanish word literally meaning 'little pie', which is used to refer to either omelettes (mostly in Europe) or pancakes (mostly in North America." And then some history, plus some more words on the different variations, with the details moved to separate articles. DirkvdM 12:08, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * This is a question of relevance. About 45 million people live in Spain and interact daily with the "Spanish" Tortilla omelette. On the other hand, over a 110 million people in Mexico, about 30 million (or more) Hispanic Americans in the US, and the population of other countries in Central America (like Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, and others) interact with the Latin American Tortilla (Mexican Tortilla, if you will) on a daily basis. Additionally, the Latin American tortilla is marketed as such in other continents, including Europe and Asia. Gruma, the largest (Latin American) Tortilla maker in the world has plants in all these continents.
 * Thus, as you can see, a move is not an option. It is clear that the Latin American Tortilla should take precedence over the lesser used Spanish Tortilla. I would suggest creating a separate article for the Spanish Tortilla and add a disamiguation link at the top of this page. Tortilla should link here, as it is clear that the vast majority of readers who ask about a "tortilla" would most likely mean a "Latin American" tortilla.
 * Hari Seldon 15:09, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * As for your example of the football article. The article you link to makes sense because all sports called football have a related origin. In this case, the Spanish tortilla and the Latin American tortilla do not have a related origin. See Monterrey, or Felipe Calderón to note how articles of different relevance are linked and disambiguated. The article with the most relevance is given priority. A disambiguation link only makes sense when the title can have more than two meanings, and/or when those meanings have a similar relevance. This is clearly not the case. Hari Seldon 15:12, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * True, there are not enough basic meanings to make a 'strict' disambiguation page. But there is still the problem that to Europeans 'tortilla' has the Spanish meaning. And to South Americans, as is mentioned in the first 'etymology' post above (so the pancake can't be called a 'latin American tortilla'). Together they constitute hundreds of millions of people. I don't know how well known the word 'tortilla' is outside Europe and America (or 'Americas' if you wish), but I don't suppose it is a very well known dish (or side-dish, in case of the Mexican tortilla - confusion, confusion). So there is roughly an equal amount of 'supporters' for either side, so to say. Btw, 'tortilla de patatas' doesn't make sense to distinguish it from the Mexican tortilla because it is a (very big) omelette, not a potato dish (that is just one variation on the theme). The name only makes sense if you already assume it is an omelette. Also, there are several varieties of tortilla, enough for a disambiguation story like in the football article to make sense. Anyway, my aim was to avoid lengthy discussions, such as the ones about 'football' and 'America', so resolving it in a similar manner makes sense. Not that there will be very lengthy discussions about this subject (it's not quite 'big' enough), but it still needs to be resolved or this issue will keep on popping up. DirkvdM 17:18, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
 * On the other hand to most en: speaking Europeans - ie the British - tortilla means the Mexican tortilla. So I'd suggest that in the English-speaking world, there isn't much ambiguity, tortilla = Mexican. FlagSteward 14:33, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * The meaning of "tortilla" is associated with the "Latin American" tortilla not just to South Americans, but to all of the Americas (remember the Mexican American population of the US), and to other countries in Asia where the Latin American tortilla is marketed (like China and India -- see Gruma --).
 * I called it a "Latin American" tortilla to differentiate it with the Spanish Tortilla. I don't like calling it "Mexican" because it is not just a Mexican thing (just as you say, it is also consumed in South America and in Central America). In reality, it is a foodstuff of Mesoamerican origin, thus, if you want, we can call it "Mesoamerican" tortilla, or, since it is a continentally ubiquitous side dish, we can call it an "American" Tortilla.
 * In any case, the above is just for reference in the talk page, as the name is clearly "Tortilla".
 * I agree with your "tortilla de patatas" argument, and I agree for the need of a resolution. But I don't think that a disambiguation page like the one in "Football" is needed. It is quite clear that the more prevalent meaning for Tortilla is the one portrayed in the article. I know this to be so because of one simple reason: volume of sales, and presence of the companies making them (Gruma, Bimbo, etc...)
 * Hari Seldon 20:14, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * For clarification: The claim above is that in South America 'tortilla' means the omelette variety, not the other way arouns, as you seem to have taken it. Actually, since the Mexican tortilla is something different than the original Spanish meaning, a completely new word should be used for it, but that would be pushing it. That's why I suggested a more neutral approach, but now even that is disputed, so maybe I should take the strict Spanish/Shouth American point of view and then we could 'negotiate' and end up in the middle, which is what I proposed to avoid all that. Oh, dear, negotiations are a bit of a bother for someone who want to cut through the crap. :) DirkvdM 10:39, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Deleted text
Removed paragraph:

 * "Most people agree that traditional stone-ground, handmade tortillas taste better, but these have been supplanted by cheaper, less labor intensive, and machine-ground corn flour tortillas. Most restaurants proud of their traditional fare will have at least one person bent over a hot comal, turning out an endless stream of piping hot, handmade tortillas. "

for POV, weasels, and un-encyclopedic language. Not worth revising as its mainly POV, and its only fact which regards in-restaurant tortilla making is mentioned already in another section. I do, however, think that industrial tortilla manufacturing should be addressed eventually. Just not like this of course. Scgamboa 19:43, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

I deleted the text "Tortilla de patatas, Spanish omelette or tortilla española: a Spanish-style beaten egg in round or extended form, to which some other ingredient is sometimes added, like potato." because in this case tortilla is the spanish for omelette and the only thing in common with the tortilla from the article is the shape. And one last thing, "to which some other ingredient is sometimes added, like potato", sometimes added, like potato? a tortilla de patatas ALWAYS contains potato, other ingredients can be added it's true, but always contains potato. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.44.128.72 (talk) 14:32, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Flour
Tortillas can only be made of flour, so its an unnecessary description. WWhile in Spain tortilla means something else that isnt relevant here as that is a Spanish word, the en word being omelette, for the en l;anguage tortilla can only mean made of flour, SqueakBox 19:50, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * I made this comment before I saw the above, but I think it explains the changes: - SCEhard T 20:02, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

I've partially reverted the changes to the image caption. The edit summary said "rm word flour as is default and replace cooked with heated they dont look cooked to me." I've changed the caption to "Two flour tortillas." because: 1)The tortillas are cooked; that is why they hold their shape and have dark spots. and 2)The 'default' isn't flour, at least not historically. As the article states, "The traditional tortilla has been made of corn or maize since Pre-Columbian times." Also, it is unclear in the image whether the tortillas are currently hot. - SCEhard T 19:55, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay my edit summary wasnt clear and yes they are cooked they just arent toasted. On the other hand I think you are mixing up flour and wheat, these tortillas look like they are made of wheat rather than corn but all corn tortillas are amde of corn flour, its just another type of flour. So I have changed it to wheat, SqueakBox 20:06, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes, the whole 'flour' / 'wheat flour' / 'corn flour' thing is partially what caused the confusion - I'll go through the article and fix the ambiguous uses of 'flour' - SCEhard T 20:13, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

White or yellow corn
It should be described whether white or yellow corn is used to produce Mexican tortillas. I believe masa harina made from white corn is used much more frequently. Badagnani 01:13, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

A tidbit regarding international definitions;
The article currently states: But it is the Mexican meaning of "tortilla" that is most familiar to North Americans, and possibly most of the world outside of Europe and South America, where the original Spanish meaning is best known.[citation needed]

I felt it worth noting that I'd never heard of any other meaning of the word until playing "Cooking Mama," a video game for the Wii about making many international dishes. There was a recipe for 'tortilla', but it was the Spanish omelette-style kind; this from a Japanese game! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.20.88.10 (talk) 18:53, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

I'm European, and I'd never heard of other than Mexican tortillas before reading this article. It might be different for southern Europe, and Spain in particular, but I think most of Europe is more familiar with the Tex Mex version. Elcalen (talk) 17:53, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

Need photo of corn tortilla
Need photo of corn tortilla. Badagnani (talk) 02:18, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Cleanup merge needed
Okay, after this article was moved to the miscapitalized mistitle "Corn Tortilla" in January and left here until today, I have moved it here to "corn tortilla". The previous article at "Corn tortilla", which I think may be a partly copy & pasted fork, I moved to Corn tortilla (improperly forked article to merge). Any material in that article that is not covered here should be merged into this article, then the forked article deleted. -- Infrogmation (talk) 17:04, 24 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Taken care of. Thanks, User:Synchronism! -- Infrogmation (talk) 18:23, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

Sun Chips
"Sun Chips are not considered corn tortillas because they contain wheat." Nice to know but hardly worthy of inclusion? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.76.55.80 (talk) 06:49, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

Vandalism?
In the most recent edit, "1:07, 19 April 2011 108.16.43.231 (talk) (10,627 bytes)", someone changed the word "maize" to "maiz" 3 times in the 1st paragraph. Is there any reason not to revert that change? Rosattin (talk) 08:51, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

Corn tortilla or maize tortilla?
In many parts of the English-speaking world, maize is the word for what the North Americans call "corn". The article is called Maize, not Corn, so it's a little bizarre that things are the other way round for tortillas. Shouldn't the article be called Maize tortilla, with a redirect for Corn tortilla, rather than the other way round? Groogle (talk) 03:59, 18 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Since tortillas have their origins in the Americas and have also become an integral part of U.S. culture, it wouldn't make much sense to insist the chiefly British term "maize" in this context. 104.153.228.206 (talk) 00:41, 15 May 2019 (UTC)

Further reading to archive
These further reading items are redundant or outdated with sources in the article. Moving here to archive. --Zefr (talk) 19:14, 31 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Growing Corn in Mexico, Pan-American Adventure: Tepotzotlán, Mexico, by Don Lotter, August 3, 2004.
 * The real taste of Mexico, by Jesse Fanciulli, Greeley Tribune, November 24, 2002.
 * Hernam Cortes: From Second Letter to Charles V, 1520, From: Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources (Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1907), Vol. V: 9th to 16th Centuries, pp. 317–326.
 * Bernardino de Sahagún, by James Mooney, Transcribed by Joseph E. O'Connor, The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIII.
 * General History of the Things of New Spain (Historia general de las cosas de Nueva Espana), by the Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagun (1450–1590)

title: Talk:Corn tortilla


text: Category:People from Kentucky

title: Category:People from Kentucky


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From Chaos

From Chaos is the sixth studio album by 311, released on June 19, 2001.

In 2000, before this album was recorded and released they left Capricorn Records and switched to Volcano Entertainment as their permanent label.

Singles from this album include "You Wouldn't Believe", "I'll Be Here Awhile", and "Amber". The latter was the most popular single from the album, and it still remains 311's most popular single to date.

From Chaos is the first album to ever be recorded in 311's current recording studio The Hive in North Hollywood, California.

From Chaos is an enhanced CD, featuring interviews with the band.

Shortly after the album was mixed, lead singer Nick Hexum had his tonsils removed.

"Bomb the Town," "Will the World," "We Do It Like This," and "Dreamland" are b-sides from this CD. They can be heard on the bonus disc included with Enlarged to Show Detail 2.

This is the last 311 studio album to receive a RIAA certification.

Background
Much of the album From Chaos was written by the band while on tour in 2000 promoting their fifth studio album 'Soundsystem.' The album name 'From Chaos' was inspired by the band’s situation with their previous record label of seven years, Capricorn Records. According to singer Nick Hexum, they "had a lot of disagreements with Capricorn over the years and it was just time to end our relationship." The band sued Capricorn, voided their contract and signed with Volcano records. The band was going through stress of legal trouble, which brought a negativity environment where albums do not get made; they did not want to make an album surrounding that subject, so most of the album is born out of "relationships and appreciating life" according to Hexum, who takes pride in being up-beat and positive.

Critical reception
The album received positive reviews from various music critics. Steve Appleford of Los Angeles Times writes "[the album] "From Chaos" is mostly a repeat of proven 311 formulas (even with strange new flashes of prog-rock flavor), but singers Nicholas Hexum and S.A. Martinez are earnest, energetic MC's, crooning, rapping, shouting across a thundering blend of rock, reggae, hip-hop and psychedelia. Still fresh and funky." Angelique Campbell from Dayton Daily News in Ohio writes, "311 stays with its formula of combining funk, rock and reggae with a dash of catchy pop sensibility on From Chaos." Jacob Lunders, a contributor for Allmusic writes, "From Chaos astonishes and impresses with considerable energy and focus, proving itself as the album 311 has always been capable of making."

However, Paul Massari of The Boston Globe criticized the album, writing "311 tries to demonstrate that it is still relevant in the era of the loud, angry rap-metal band. The death-rock power chords on tracks like "Full Ride" are plodding, and the tone of the gangsta raps is absurdly inflated." Kathryn McGuire of Rolling Stone adds, "311 slings melodramatic metal riffs and whiny verses every which way, and their once-novel fusion seems unfocused and flat." Kristen Koba, founder of PopMatters wrote, "The whiny white boy rap, almost funky bass lines, and grinding guitar riffs just couldn’t hold up in a city that offers so much innovative hip-hop and truly vital rock."

Personnel
Credits adapted from album’s liner notes.
 * 311
 * Nick Hexum – vocals (lead vocals on tracks 1-12, "Bomb the Town", "We Do It Like This"), rhythm guitar, programming, additional engineering
 * Chad Sexton – drums, percussion, programming, additional engineering
 * SA Martinez – vocals (lead vocals on tracks 1-9, 11, "Bomb the Town", "We Do It Like This"), turntables
 * Tim Mahoney – lead guitar
 * Aaron "P-Nut" Wills – bass

 * Production
 * 311 – producer
 * Ron Saint Germain – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Alex Rivera – additional engineering, Hive Studio tech and engineer
 * Mike Terry – tracking assistant
 * Geoff Walcha – mixing assistant
 * Scotch Ralston – technical assistance
 * Joe Gastwirt – mastering
 * Matt Hunter – Hive Studio drum tech
 * Ruff Stewart – Hive Studio guitar tech

Charts
Album

Singles

title: From Chaos


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File:VCFrederickDanielParslow.jpg

Photo of Victoria Cross recipient Frederick Daniel Parslow, migrated from the Victoria Cross Reference site with permission. Photo submitted by Christine Gates.

title: File:VCFrederickDanielParslow.jpg


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Talk:From Chaos

Fair use rationale for Image:Fromchaos.jpg
Image:Fromchaos.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:31, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

To help this article meet the standards of Wikipedia's Featured article criteria, specifically "appropriate structure", subject headings should be added to the article. A proposed subject heading would be "Album Reviews". According to Wikipedia's featured article criteria an appropriate structure is, "a system of hierarchical section headings and a substantial but not overwhelming table of contents." Contents added to this subject heading would include various reviews of the album and awards recieved by the band 311 including that of the album From Chaos. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SaltyCracker11 (talk • contribs) 04:04, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

The section headings "Background" and "Critical Reception" have been added to the article to better meet the standards of [|Wikipedia: Featured Article Content]. Information pertaining to the "Background" and "Critical Reception" sections will also be added to further meet the standards of "Appropriate Structure" stated on Wikipedia's Featured article criteria page. SaltyCracker11 (talk) 01:56, 11 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:From Chaos


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Illinois Route 117

Illinois Route 117 is a rural north–south state route in north central Illinois. It travels from Interstate 74 in the small community of Goodfield to Illinois Route 17 in Toluca. Illinois 117 covers a distance of about 33.85 mi.

Route description
Illinois 117 is a rural, two lane surface road for its entire length. The main cities of service on Illinois 117 are Eureka and Roanoke. In Eureka, Illinois 117 is known as Main Street, and intersects with U.S. Route 24 (Center Street).

Illinois 117 then overlaps Illinois Route 116 from 4 mi west of Roanoke to Benson, a distance of about 9 mi. Through Roanoke, Illinois 117 is called Front Street. Northeast of Roanoke, Illinois 116/117 runs on top of an abandoned rail line until it turns north towards Toluca.

History
Though Illinois 117 now connects to Illinois 17, they were originally unconnected, and each were separately planned in State Bond Issue sequence. SBI Route 117 originally ran from U.S. Route 150 (just north of current I-74) in Goodfield to Illinois 116 north of Eureka. On January 8, 1993, it was extended north through Roanoke and north to Toluca to renumber IL 116A, the last surviving letter route in Illinois.

title: Illinois Route 117


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Wikipedia:Extreme article inclusion

 * This page is satire and does not represent any official or unofficial Wikipedia policy, past or present.

 This article is being considered for inclusion in accordance with Wikipedia's inclusion policy. Please see this article's entry on the votes for inclusion page for details.

This request is being discussed to form a consensus whether this is, or could be, an article appropriate for Wikipedia. If you feel inclusion is not justified by Wikipedia inclusion policy you may vote against its inclusion. Please do not remove this notice or blank this article while the question is being considered. However, you are welcome to continue editing this article, especially if you can address the concerns of those who believe the article should be included. Should you do so, please remark on this article's entry regarding its improvement.

Extreme article inclusion is an extreme sport in Wikipedia. The goal is to increase the number of articles in Wikipedia as much as possible, by creating articles on obscure topics and foiling the deletion of AfD candidates, no matter how inventive and original the deletion attempts are.

Points are awarded to each player for the reasons they give to justify article inclusion. Standard arguments include "Wikipedia is not paper," "give it time to grow," "valid stub," "if it's POV, then why didn't you rewrite it," "fiction is valid," and "popularity is not notability"; every deletion proposal countered with these reasons earns one point.

Points are also awarded for creating articles, where the number of points awarded is inversely proportional to the number of people who are already interested in the article's topic. Additional points are given for saving articles that have been claimed to be irreparable, or when the article is included despite proof that the article should be deleted under current policy. If an article is merged instead of included, only ½ a point is awarded.

Extreme article inclusion has been in progress since 2004 on the English Wikipedia.

Extreme article inclusion enthusiasts

 * L33tminion | (talk) 22:45, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm bi-extreme article curious. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 02:03, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I am especially interested to protect those articles which are deleted because of POV. Zain
 * Wikipedia is not paper :D --GTubio 14:37, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Every single (or married) man, woman, child, and lump of bituminous coal needs its own Wikipedia article. --Aelffin 18:50, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Right on, folks! Let's delete the deletionist, like user:brianyoumans, who takes pride in the number of pages he deleted! And please help me save the Die Mannequin and Care Failure entries! Terveetkadet
 * Tyciol (talk) 17:45, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I once successfully saved this article https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alien_language&oldid=9844057 from an AfD by turning it into this https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alien_language&oldid=9897353. It's now a pretty respectable spiel on exolinguistics. Pretty proud of that. Bacchiad (talk) 01:26, 7 January 2015 (UTC)

Compare

 * Extreme article deletion

title: Wikipedia:Extreme article inclusion


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Frederick Daniel Parslow

Frederick Daniel Parslow VC (14 January 1856 – 4 July 1915) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross. He was a Master in the UK Merchant Navy.

Parslow was the first member of the Merchant Navy to receive a VC, and one of only two Merchant Navy members to receive a VC for his First World War service. At 59 years old he was also the oldest person to receive the VC for his action in World War I.

Details
At 0900 hrs 4 July 1915 in the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Queenstown, Ireland, the U-boat SMU U-39 attacked HM Horse Transport Anglo-Californian, a cargo steamship that the UK Government had requisitioned from the Nitrate Producers' Steam Ship Company. Parslow was Anglo-Californian's Master, and kept ordering changes of course to evade the enemy fire. At 1030 hrs U-39 raised the flag signal "abandon the vessel as fast as possible".

Smith was about to obey the order when his wireless operator received a signal from a Royal Navy destroyer to hold on as long as possible. Anglo-Californian got under way again, so U-39 opened a heavy fire, concentrated on the transport ship's bridge, and doing great damage. Captain Parslow remained on the bridge throughout the attack, entirely without protection and was killed when the bridge was wrecked.

Parslow's son, also Frederick Parslow, was the Chief Officer and took command on the death of his father. He held out until two destroyers arrived to drive the submarine away. Anglo-Californian suffered 20 casualties, but most of the cargo of nearly a thousand military horses was saved. The younger Parslow was commissioned as a Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.

As a merchant officer, Parslow was not eligible for the VC in 1915. However, later the Royal Navy posthumously commissioned Parslow as a Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve, and in May 1919 he was posthumously awarded the VC.

Parslow lived in Balls Pond Road, Islington. On 4 July 2015 the London Borough of Islington commemorated the centenary of Parslow's action and death by installing an inscribed memorial paving stone next to Islington Green War Memorial.

title: Frederick Daniel Parslow


text:
User talk:70.179.158.69

Fox News Bias
Please see my comments on the article's talk page. Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 22:45, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:70.179.158.69


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Deborah Mailman

Deborah Jane Mailman (born 14 July 1972) is an Australian television and film actress, and singer. Mailman is known for her characters: Kelly Lewis on the Australian drama series The Secret Life of Us, Cherie Butterfield in the Australian comedy-drama series Offspring, Lorraine in the Australian drama series Redfern Now and Aunt Linda in the Australian dystopian science fiction series Cleverman. Mailman portrayed the lead role of MP Alexandra "Alex" Irving on the Australian political drama series Total Control.

Mailman was the first Aboriginal actress to win the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and has gone on to win four more both in television and film. She first gained recognition in the 1998 film Radiance for which she won her first AFI award. Her other well known films are Rabbit-Proof Fence, Bran Nue Dae, Oddball, The Sapphires, Paper Planes, Blinky Bill the Movie, Combat Wombat, H Is for Happiness, Scarygirl, and The Book of Revelation.

Personal life
Deborah Jane Mailman was born and grew up in Mount Isa in north-west Queensland. She is one of five children. She has both Aboriginal (Bidjara) and Māori (Ngāti Porou and Te Arawa) heritage. In 1992, she graduated from Queensland University of Technology Academy of the Arts with a Bachelor of Arts majoring in performing arts. She is married with two children.

Career

Mailman played the role of Kate in a La Boite Theatre production of Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew in 1994. Other early stage roles include solo show The Seven Stages of Grieving (which she co-wrote with Wesley Enoch) for Kooemba Jdarra, Queensland Theatre Company's 1997 revival of Louis Nowra's play Radiance, and Cordelia in King Lear for Bell Shakespeare in 1998.

In 1998, Mailman made her film debut as Nona in the Australian independent film Radiance (based on the play), for which she won the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. She had a role in The Secret Life of Us, for which she was twice awarded Most Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series at the Logies (2002 and 2004).

Mailman was part of the Leah Purcell documentary Black Chicks Talking (2001), where she discussed her Aboriginal heritage. In 2006, she took part in a four-part television documentary series with Cathy Freeman called Going Bush, where the pair set off on a journey from Broome to Arnhem Land spending time with Indigenous communities along the way.

She appeared in the Play School TV series and was part of The Actors Company for the Sydney Theatre Company (2006–2007). She was a presenter on the ABC Television show Message Stick.

She appeared in the film Rabbit-Proof Fence. She played a lead role in the 2010 musical film Bran Nue Dae. In the play The Sapphires and the subsequent film of the same name she played the role of singer Gail McCrae.

She was awarded an Inside Film Award for her short film Ralph, which starred Madeleine Madden. From 2010 to 2014, she played the role of Cherie Butterfield in Channel Ten's Offspring drama series.

In 2012, she starred in Redfern Now, an indigenous mini-series for the ABC.

On 29 January 2015, Mailman co-hosted the AACTA Awards with Cate Blanchett.

Mailman started as Maureen Prescott in Paper Planes, released 15 January 2015. She then appeared as Mayor Lake in Oddball and the voice of Blinky Bill's mother in Blinky Bill the Movie.

On 18 February 2015, Mailman joined the Sydney Opera House Trust.

In 2019, Mailman was appointed to a three-year term as a member of the Screen Australia Board.

In 2019, she starred as politician Alex Irving in the series Total Control, produced by Blackfella Films and screened on the ABC.

In 2024, Mailman guest starred in the Bluey episode The Sign, voicing one of the two Sheepdogs looking for a house with a swimming pool.

Other awards
In 2003, Mailman was NAIDOC Person of the Year, and also won Female Actor of the Year.

In 2012, Mailman was a recipient of the Queensland Greats Awards.

In 2017, Mailman won the Chauvel Award, which acknowledges significant contribution to the Australian screen industry.

title: Deborah Mailman


text: Category:People from Connecticut

title: Category:People from Connecticut


text: Category:Elections in the Cook Islands

title: Category:Elections in the Cook Islands


text: User talk:69.170.210.185

title: User talk:69.170.210.185


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File:VCWalterRichardParker.jpg

Photo of Victoria Cross recipient Walter Richard Parker, migrated from the Victoria Cross Reference site with permission. Photo submitted by Luigi Sartorel.

title: File:VCWalterRichardParker.jpg


text: Category:Television stations in Michigan


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Walter Richard Parker

Walter Richard Parker, VC (20 September 1881 – 28 November 1936) was a British ironworker, Royal Marine, and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

First World War
Parker was 33 years old, and a lance corporal in the Royal Marine Light Infantry, Royal Marines, Royal Naval Division during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross.

On the night of 30 April/1 May 1915 at Gaba Tepe, Gallipoli, Lance Corporal Parker, a volunteer stretcher-bearer, went out with a party of NCOs and men to take ammunition, water and medical stores to an isolated trench containing about 40 men and several wounded. There were no communication trenches leading to the trench, and several men had already been killed in an attempt to reach it.

After crossing an area of about 400 yards swept by machine-gun and rifle fire, Lance Corporal Parker was alone, the rest of the party having been killed or wounded. On his arrival he gave assistance to the wounded and when the trench was finally evacuated early the next morning, he helped to remove and attend the casualties, although he himself was seriously wounded.

Parker never fully recovered from his wounds, and was invalided out of the service in June 1916. The award appeared in the London Gazette on 22 June 1917; the lengthy delay before the award being explained by the commanding officer, adjutant, sergeant major and the company commander all being wounded at the time of the action for which Parker was awarded the medal. The account of the award also noted that Parker had consistently displayed bravery and energy in the three previous days during a particularly difficult time as commander the battalion's stretcher bearers, when almost every wounded man had to be evacuated over open ground and under fire.

Death and legacy
Parker died, aged 55, at Stapleford near Nottingham and is buried in the local cemetery. A memorial service to him is held annually at Stapleford by the local Royal Marines Association on the Sunday nearest 30 April. There is a paved area in Stapleford town centre named in his honour.

Parker's Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Marines Museum, in Southsea, England.

title: Walter Richard Parker


text: Category:Elections in the Falkland Islands


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title: Category:Mass media in Michigan


text: Category:Elections in French Guiana

title: Category:Elections in French Guiana


text: Category:Elections in French Polynesia

title: Category:Elections in French Polynesia


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File:VCParkashSingh.jpg

Photo of Victoria Cross recipient Parkash Singh, migrated from the Victoria Cross Reference site with permission. Photo submitted by Simon Manchee.

title: File:VCParkashSingh.jpg