text:
User talk:Svartalf

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Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Arb Com election]] 10:45, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

email
Hi Svartalf, I got your email. You're the first person who's emailed me from Wikipedia — most people use my talk page. Sorry to scare you with the page split (I sort of announced it a few weeks ahead of time), but I'm glad you approve of the article. ×Meegs 15:38, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi Meegs :) . I thought the matter private and not worthy of public posting, hence the choice for e-mail. Still, keep up the good stuff. --Svartalf 15:53, 3 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I know what you mean. I've though about doing the same many times. ×Meegs 17:11, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Harry Turtledove
Does he really put Lucius Vorenus and Titus Pullo in maniples? There's an error for you :) Maniples hadn't existed since the millitary reforms of Gaius Marius. - Beowulf314159 01:08, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've made a mistake, I meant cohorts (3 cohorts or 1500-1800 men). But I thought Marius hadn't abolished the maniple per se, just made it a sub unit of the cohort... my sources (darn it, they are French and I've not had them at hand for years) said that while the cohort (c. 600 men) was the basic tactical unit, they were still divided in 3 maniples for flexibility on the field, either for manoeuvering in close quarters (remember the maniple came to the fore in the Samnite wars, when a lot of the action took place in narrow defiles), or to be able to rush men to weak or embattled areas of the front during battle. Also, Turtledove has very firm background in Byzantine history, He's not a creditable authority on Roman times, but he cannot be utterly ignorant of the subject... would be like being a specialist in American history, and clueless on English ;) --Svartalf 01:35, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yep, you got me :D As soon as I wrote that I started digging, and found that.

 * Before his time the maniple had been the tactical unit. Now it was the cohort. A legion consisted of ten cohorts, each cohort containing three maniples, and each maniple two centuries.  - The Gracchi, Marius and Sulla - Epochs Of Ancient History by A.H. Beesley

 * I think Marian maniples are different though. Maniples used to differ according to the "equipment level" of the self-outfitting landholder/soldier in old Republican times. With the Marian reforms, there is a standardization of equipment, so I think you go from several kinds of maiples to one type, which is a sub-unit of the cohort.

 * Beowulf314159 01:40, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not quite sure. Indeed, before marius soldiers were self outfitted (which is why cavalry duty fell to the wealthy equestrian classes)... but even after him, I'm not sure standardization was absolute throughout the legion : some cohorts, or perhaps even maniples in the cohort (a cohort = 3 maniples, makes it easy to implement the good old acies triplex) would have had heavy hastae to receive the shock of a charge, while others would have only the classical pila, plus, not all archers were auxilia, and of course there would be some velite cohorts with somewhat lighter equipment than the heavy chainmail implemented by Marius, and the lorica segmentata of Imperial times... I must admit that my sources on the matter are scanty and unreliable, plus, I'm not good at research, only at exploiting material I have handy and retaining what I learn. --Svartalf 01:55, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Me either - I'm skating on the edge of my own knowledge here. I'd have to roll up my sleeves and do some more research on the organization of the legions before I'd be happy making any more "prononcements". Time to start digging in the stacks I guess :) - Beowulf314159 02:02, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

King Kull
Svartalf, I feel your pain...too many comicbook publishers seem to tarnish the reputations of many a literary figure. Indeed King Kull is Fawcett's interpretation of the classic character. Note this stub from another (non-authoritative) site: "KING KULL Leader of a race of beast-men on Earth-S who were overthrown by their human slaves thousands of years ago. After ages in suspended animation, Kull returned, determined to destroy all am humanity. He originally appeared In CAPTAIN MARVEL ADVENTURES #125." http://www.mykey3000.com/cosmicteams/jla/_docs/awdc_villains.html

I'm still looking for further references that nail down his background, when I locate them I'll update the page. Thx. Netkinetic 00:46, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Historical innaccuracy
Some short-sighted people are about to delete that category. Jooler 19:27, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

and a real shame it is --Svartalf 22:47, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Brian Boru
I got the image from here. There are other similar images here and here. It would be good to know the artist, or original source, although I'm not entirely sure how to find out. If you find out anything more, let me know! :) Would also be nice to have some more pics for the article, at the moment its pretty thick. - FrancisTyers 22:42, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Bidenhänder
how about 9300 vs. 1800 google hits to begin with? Yes, German for "both" is "beide", and I don't know why the term came out as it did. I suppose it must be dialectal, or whatever. Fact is that Bidenhänder is now a word, and Beidenhänder isn't, check a German dictionary (a modern coinage of "implement to be used with both hands" would be "Beidhänder" [in actual use for "ambidextrous" but, idiosyncratically also in use for swords, e.g. : this is a synchronic coinage as opposed to the inherited term, which is Bidenhänder], compare also "beidhändig", not "*beidenhändig"). dab (ᛏ) 16:18, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Dracula
Dear Svartalf, I saw that you changed my edit to Dracula, deleting my comment on the closeness of the novel and the Coppola film. I reinserted a changed version.

I didn't want to say that BSD is completely identical to the novel, but that among all Dracula films it is the one that comes closest and is quite faithful to the plot. Yes, it adds "origins of Dracula", and the love story between the Count and Mina and a sort of "give me peace" happy ending, but at least all the characters are as they are in the novel (Dracula's romantic part excepted, but then again, we cannot tell from the novel how he felt), there is no Lucy-Mina swapping.

IMHO the Coppola film is faithful to the plot and adds interpretation (whether one likes it or not is another question), while all films before made considerable changes to plot or characters.

If you think, Svartalf, my edit overstated my case here, please feel free to improve. Str1977 20:49, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Basically, I agree with what Your Grace has said. Can you come up with a wording which retains the "closer than others before but still re-interpreting" thought I wanted to include. 08:52, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for correcting my user page. I guess I have to recite declination tables again to fresh up. Have you considered a possible alternative wording for Dracula. Str1977 12:03, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

What do think of this: Str1977 15:00, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

I am content. Str1977 16:56, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

The Bathory Case
Yes, I meant the many speculations that article has. I was looking for the "Factual Accuracy" template, but I couldn't find it. Sitenl 22:47, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Old French
Hi Svartalf, I saw that you translated that bit of Old French on Sibylla of Jerusalem, "li plus apareissanz et plus dreis heis dou roiaume". My Old French is pretty basic so I was never bold enough to translate that, but I always thought "apareissanz" meant something like "obvious", as in "the most obvious and rightful heir...", in the sense that she was not only the heiress by law, but also that there wouldn't have been a better choice even if she weren't, since she was the closest relative of the previous monarch. I assume "apareissanz" is akin to "apparent", as in "heir apparent". Does this make any sense, or is your "proper looking" the better translation? Adam Bishop 16:56, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * That's true about Isabella, but presumably the court party would not have considered her an obvious choice :) I was looking for that line in the English translation (in the Crusade Texts in Translation series) but I couldn't find it. I will have to go to the library and check the big Old French dictionaries (ah, 19th century German scholarship). Adam Bishop 18:40, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Your comment on the "Ringmail" AFD
While references in English are preferred on en: Wikipedia, references in other languages are quite acceptable if you can't find English-language ones. They're certainly better than a lack of references. I'd encourage you to add them! Thanks, —Matthew Brown (T:C) 03:20, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Request for Copy Edit
I saw that you added your name to the translators list, and also that you are a native speaker of French. Could you check over my translation of Louis Braille and let me know what you think? --JTBurman 09:31, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * You're right: I took some liberties with the section headings. The first was reflective of my intent to preserve what I perceived to be an intentional pun on doit/doigt by the original author, which then became "bump" in translation.  The second change occurred simply because I thought the original heading was boring.  (Feel free to replace it with something better.)  The third was my interpretation, since the content of that section was about his illness rather than his disappearance.  (I assumed that the subtitle reflected an idiomatic usage, so I translated it using the equivalent English term: "consumption.")

 * As for where to post the critique, please post it below the translation on the talk page. (If you're feeling generous, feel free to stick a note on my talk page too.)  You'll notice as you review the article that I added a few details from the English version, where doing so could augment the text or could preempt a factual disagreement.  I also cut out pieces that were overly "whiggish" (i.e., NPOV) or otherwise redundant when I reworded them.  Thanks for helping out.  --JTBurman 10:06, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your honest critique of the translation. As for your concerns about edit-warring, no worries: I hope to leave both our comments there so an editor without connection to the text can choose what to incorporate into the English article. JTBurman 20:11, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Úi Vs. Uí
Just a detail,, the Gaeilge version for O'someone should read Úi rather than Uí. Changing on which letter you put the fada completely messes up pronunciation, and Irish usage puts it on the U. and Turlough is spelt Táirdhealbhach... keep them h's, we don't have dotted letters here.--Svartalf 18:49, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Hello Svartalf, thanks for your comment. However, I'm afraid its you that has it wrong; not only is Uí correct, I have never seen the Úi form used, ever. Also, I'm well aware that O' should really be Ó. The spelling of any given personal name, nickname or surname varys greatly in the sources as there was no standard spelling in Gaeilge at the time. Thus, the same name is often found in slightly different forms, but this actually is'nt so bad as it helps differenciate the person concerned. All the forms that I use are directly taken from modern, authorative accounts of the people concerned, all listed at the bottom of (most!) of my articles. And I agree that some form of Táirdhealbhach should be employed instead of Turlough, as the latter is the term for a seasonal lake! I'm Irish myself, by the way, so I do have some idea what I'm on about. Yet don't let this gentle rebuke put you off pointing out any other apparent errors of mine - I DO appreciate all comments. Thanks! Fergananim 17:16, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to WikiProject Beer!
Hello, Svartalf! I noticed you are a relative newcomer to WikiProject Beer and I wanted to extend a welcome to you. I see from your user page that you and I share a great many interests in common. In light of that, I hope to be "seeing" you around the wiki from time to time. Cheers! —CKA3KA (Skazka) 22:42, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Old French again
Hey, I checked in the big Old French dictionaries (Tobler-Lamartzsch, etc), and "apparaisanz" can mean "clear", "obvious", or "evident", so I guess I interpreted it correctly, Sibylla was both the rightful heir and considered the most obvious choice by the court party. Adam Bishop 15:18, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

thanks
Thank you, Svartalf; I appreciate your sentiment. Nothing has happened so far, let's just wait and see how the decision process takes its course. See also User_talk:Lupo; skal, dab (ᛏ) 08:47, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Ringmail Again
Hello Svartalf. User 211.27.13.86 is not a vandal, he is a new user, and an expert on the subject. I hope we can make an article including the new and accurate information without jettisoning all of the original article. Megalophias 11:28, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

There's a discussion thread on the subject on SFI here[]. It would be great if you would come and talk, and don't be discouraged by any harsh comments in previous posts. Thanks. Megalophias 12:02, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Ack. Sorry Svartalf, I guess that didn't work out too well. :( Megalophias 16:36, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Crom
Hello, bonjour, et salve. Would you mind terribly if I moved the current contents of Crom to Crom (fictional deity), and turned it into a disambiguation page? There's a Mexican union that uses the acronym CROM (the Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers), and I think a disambiguation page would help to avoid having to put an "other uses" template on the current Crom article. Let me know what you think.--Rockero 03:54, 18 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks like someone's beat me to it. 8)--Rockero 09:39, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Beer cats & kittens
It has been suggested by User:BrianSmithson and supported by User:Syrthiss that the Beer and brewery categories should be renamed. This proposal has been supported and expanded by myself. The notion is that the regional categories should follow the format of "Beer and breweries in Africa" /Europe/Asia/North America/South America/Oceania. "Brewers and breweries" could also be renamed "Beer and breweries by region". And all the countries should also be renamed (and merged if needed) as, for example, "Beer and breweries of Germany", "Beer and breweries of Britain", "Beer and breweries of Poland". The word in each case would be beer rather than beers to allow for general articles on beer culture in each region as well as individual beers.

Comments, suggestions, objections, free beer and simple votes to Wiki Beer Project SilkTork 15:29, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Ringmail again (again)
Hi, I don't think protecting it would be wise, since the edits take place over such a long period of time, but I will keep an eye on it. Adam Bishop 23:03, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, well the next problem is that the edits are not actually vandalism. This is just a difference of opinion, I can't protect a page because of that. You'll have to work it out on the talk page. Adam Bishop 16:40, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

I've replied to your post on my talk page. Let's keep discussion of the content on the article's talk page for everyone to see. Regards. ×Meegs 19:43, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Bram Stoker's Dracula
What do you think the word "completely" adds to the sentence? JoshuaZ 04:52, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Katana
Thanks for your reply and for correcting me. --Karimi 20:26, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Advice
Hi Svartalf. I think you made some good arguments on Talk:List of ethnic slurs, but the reception that they receive may be affected by the aggressive way that you ended the post, "And anyway, mr esprit, who are YOU to decide what's worthy of inclusion or not?". Esprit has not done anything terribly drastic or unreversible, and has not taken a combative stance (unless this is part of a larger conflict that I am not aware of). I would suggest that you always try to enter discussions like with in a friendly, persuasive, and diplomatic tone. Best regards ×Meegs 07:09, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Beer & brewery notability criteria discusion document
A discussion document has been opened up. WikiProject Beer/Notability Criteria. Please put in your views either on the main page or on the attached talk page. SilkTork 17:58, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Poll
Your vote/opinion on brewery notability is requested here: SilkTork 12:23, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Imperator Scotorum
Hello Svartalf. You raise a very good point, and this goes right to the very heart of the whole issue of the High Kings and the 10-12th centuries progression towards a Irish national kingdom ruled by one king. It was a bombast on Brian's part, but bombast he could and did back up. Mentioning it draws attention to the fact that Ireland was never ruled by a single native king at any time in its history, though it was well on that road by the time the Normans invaded. Who knows where we would have being by 1269, or indeed 1369? Yet by all means disagree with me, as this is a subject I would like to generate thought and discussion on. Thank you for dropping by; hope to see more of you in future. Fergananim 14:53, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Höfuðlausn
Your point is well taken, except that William Miller can hardly be described as unknown; he is internationally-recognized as a leading authority on the Icelandic sagas. I entered that information about substitution based on notes from his class (which I took an uncomfortably large number of years ago) that I discovered while cleaning out my house. When you challenged it I looked through those of his books in my collection to see if I could find the particular reference to Egil's substituting Eirik for Athelstan, and couldn't find it. I've emailed him to ask him for a citation. If he replies that this was in fact idle speculation and not written up in a scholarly source, I will remove the reference.

Cheers,

Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 18:30, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I have spoken with Dr. Miller. He told me that the idea that Egil substituted Eirik's name was first published by a German scholar in the late 19th century, but he unfortunately does not remember the work's title or author. I am going to look into this as best I can. In the meantime you can leave the paragraph as is with the "citation needed" marker, or remove it as you see fit. Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 19:10, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Njal's Saga and Laxdaela Saga
I've been wanting for some time to bring these articles up to featured status, as was done with Hrafnkels saga. Is this something that you would have the expertise/interest to collaborate on? Do you know anyone else who might be willing to help out? --Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 20:24, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Red Sonja vs Red Sonya
Have a look at the Red Sonja article which contains more details and a link. -- Beardo 18:07, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Closing an AfD
No, sorry. I'm not an admin. I close AfD's that should be kept or speedy kept. The kinds of AfD's like the one you refered me to is left up to admins. Try checking an AfD that was deleted and ask one of the closers who deleted it to take a look at it. If you adress the concern properly to them, and if there is no reason to delete, it should be kept if thats what you are looking for. SynergeticMaggot 08:07, 5 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I request your kind attention to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Using_the_subject_as_a_source check that the article in question does not contain any unsourced or poorly sourced criticism. If it does, delete it. Hence, I guess, as per policies, I have every right to delete an article about me. I don't want guys who have NO (I repeat NO) knowledge about Indian Books pass judgement about my merit unnecessarily. The article was proposed for deletion first on notability. When I proved notability, it has changed to Vanity. I guess it is some one who does not like me trying to tarnish my name. This is a phenomenon that has been emerging in Wikipedia. Since they cannot write rubbish in the main article, they nominate the article for deletion and vent all the frustations (non-notable, limited shelf-life etc). One guy has written that the author is non-notable since he has "never read the book". I have never read any plays of Shakespeare. Can I tell that Shakespeare is non-notable just because I have not read the books. If there is any doubt regarding the books, one can always email or phone the publisher. Instead, nominating biographies for deletion and then slandering the individual has been the recent (sorry) phenomenon in Wikipedia.

I find that you have recommended that my biography be deleted.

WHen I prove that the AFD does not hold as per the established guidelines you take it as an offence and ask whether the subject can intervene. I have intervened only as per the above guidelines. Please note the policy. And one final request. Before keeping or deleting an article, be sure to know the exact rules

Thanks for your time in reading this Doctor Bruno 15:31, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

mister, you have proven nothing. Notability is not so easily achieved and proven, even (or especially) when restricted to such a limited interests field as "writers of exam-cramming books of India". Maybe such a biography might be appropriate in wiki:hi or wiki:mr, or possibli wiki:kn? Notoriety in a given geographic or linguistic area may make one notable there, but this does not necessarily extend to the worldwide English speaking domain --Svartalf 15:52, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

 * You seem to suggest that Wikipedia is limited to English speaking Domain. Is it so Doctor Bruno 19:16, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

I have proved
That I have written 6 books and satisfy the criteria

Notability (doctors) : I satisfy the following points
 * 1) The person is regarded as a significant expert in their area by independent sources. (Area of Expertise - PG Preparation. If you do not even know what it means, then You should ask people in India
 * 2) The person is regarded as an important figure by those in the same field. Same. See www.rxpgonline.com or www.aippg.net/forum or www.netmedicos.com or www.targetpg.com
 * 3) The person has published a large quantity of academic work (of at least reasonable quality). 6 Books (entire books and not just papers) that are selling well in India are proof for academic work

Notability (books)
 * 1) Books should have at a minimum an ISBN number (That has been given)
 * 2) Self-publication - 4 books Published by the leading Medical Publisher in Asia. remember that there are publishers in Asia also
 * 3) Sales numbers - You have to consider this with the usual number of Medical books sold in India (with the number of seats in Medical Schools here) and not compare this with Harold Robbins or Dan Brown. Any how, you can always contact the publishers

Notability (people) 1. Published authors, - Rest of the points already given

WP:VAIN An article should not be dismissed as "vanity" simply because the subject is not famous. There is currently no consensus about what degree of recognition is required to justify a unique article being created in WikipediaDoctor Bruno 01:48, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Remember the rules

 * Please make only one recommendation; if you change your mind, modify your original recommendation rather than adding a new one. The recommended way of doing this is to use strike-through by enclosing a deleted part between  and , as in " Delete Speedy keep".

The very fact that you did not even take time to read the basic intructions, but has wanted this article to be deleted (Speedy Delete) shows that you are hell bent on defaming me and not on maintaining Good Spirit of Wikipedia

You don't have to make a recommendation on every nomination; consider not participating if:
 * A nomination involves a topic with which you are unfamiliar.Doctor Bruno 16:17, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Andrea di Robilant
Hi, It's a fairly marginal article but I suppose his one book was translated into German and Polish (and either to or from Italian). FWIW the current version of the article is copyvio from. Dl yo ns 493  Ta lk  12:17, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, I left you a note because I thought you might be interested in the copyvio aspect. That seems to have been edited out now - the article has ended up as a fairly harmless stub. Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk  17:16, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

religioustolerance.org
You left a note on my talk page earlier in the month asking about religioustolerance.org. Almost all of what I know about it is from the website itself, which is pretty open about things. That's how it is possible to know that almost all their essays are written by Bruce Robinson, aged around 70, who has no theological background whatsoever - and how it is possible to know that the "Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance" and the "we" referred to on the site contains at most five people. The essays largely reflect the personal viewpoint of Bruce Robinson. I don't think he holds a grudge against specific groups of people, but like anyone else, he has a natural bias, his own opinions.

Personally I think good luck to him. The site has presumably been a very enjoyable hobby for him for the last 11 or so years. It/he has benefited from the site being one of the earliest on the web (which wasn't very developed in 1995) and by getting a very good name for the website.

The problem I have with the website is that some people latch on to points they agree with and start citing Robinson as an academic reference. He isn't. He clearly states he isn't. He doesn't want to be. In fact, it's easy to poke massive holes into his essays if you try to look at them as academic pieces. So the site should not be used as a reference. Of course, sometimes he does use good academic references for his essays - and where that is the case, his site can be could for tracking down those references. jguk 09:39, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Hi
Just popped in to say hello. Looked at your userpage, we have some similar interests. Dessydes 14:44, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Regarding your question
You stated, ''I can't tell about beliefs, as in the religion/philosophy as opposed to secular corporation... but it sure is interesting material concerning their practices, and I'd like to know if what those who still believe after breaking away from the church do any differently... What's yu view about this angle?''
 * If you wish to discuss that issue, I am willing to discuss that issue. Terryeo 06:43, 30 August 2006 (UTC)

More Andrea di Robilant
Hi, I'm thinking of moving this article on which you have commented. Comment at Talk:Andrea di Robilant? Cheers, JackyR | Talk 15:26, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

PS I saw your comments about notability. There's a fairly new project Notability (books) in which you might be interested. JackyR | Talk 15:26, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Butting in...
Btw, while I don't want to wind you up when about to start a discussion about di Robilant, I've just noticed a conversation on this page on a topic that matters to me.

Would you like to think again about the idea that someone is notable enough for one Wikipedia but not for another? I'm not referring to Dr Bruno in particular, but to this concept in general. AFAIK, this encyclopedia is supposed to be for all human knowledge, not for all knowledge within the reader's home culture(s)/language(s). For me, one of the beauties of WP is that it has the potential to avoid the more egregious bias of centrally written encyclopedias, where different standards of notability are applied to events/people from different countries.

And there is a particular problem with suggesting something is suitable for hi.wiki but not en.wiki: India uses both languages. So an Indian reader is subjected to all sorts of trivial US (for example) content of en.wiki, because enough Americans think of, say, a TV personality there as notable. And this reader quite rightly applies the same level of notability to an Indian TV presenter. If the article is then shunted to hi.wiki as being "not notable enough outside India", we are enshrining a bias towards the US and essentially stating that US interests are more important than Indian interests. The effect is further exacerbated by the fact that, due to levels of English-as-a-second-language in the world (never mind India, where it can be a first language), en.wiki is in practice the Universal Wikipedia. It is therefore even more important that it be written for a world audience, not a narrow selection of countries.

And lastly, but really the same thing, I like to read articles emanating from cultures from which I am usually barred by my language skills. They broaden my understanding of the world. Dammit, I find it a relief just having easy access to articles from an Irish perspective (no language barrier required), instead of from a tedious British-hegemonic perspective.

My egs are not intended to pertain specifically to the case you have been discussing, so please don't feel I'm trying to misrepresent you. I'm more trying to illustrate the general case. And my apologies for dropping this lot in from the blue! Hope to see you at di Robilant, all best wishes, JackyR | Talk 16:08, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Illugi the Black
He was the father of Gunnlaug Worm-tongue so Gunnlaugs saga is probably the best starting point. (yes, I stalk other users' talkpages) Fornadan (t) 10:27, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

inclusivity and the soapbox of self
Hi. Having been involved recently with JackyR regarding deletion of an obvious vanity article I noticed her talk page edit above. I feel that admins should have a stricter policy regarding deletion of vanity articles. What do you think of the following idea: that each country have its own Wikipedia? We already have one for each language (encompassing 'all' useful/notable human knowledge) so why not one for each country which could contain all the local bits of knowledge and local personalities, such as the trade uniojn leader or Indian newsreader emntioned in your correspondence with JackyR? Then it would simply be a matter of bumping off the article from main wiki to the local wiki for that country concerned, and the matter could be voted on in the same way as for deletion. Lgh 23:58, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

country wiki
Hi. My suggestion makes sense in that the locals of a particular country, having not found information on say, Jo Bloggs of Nowhere Town, Country X, might very well find Joe in Country X's Wiki - if Joe was, say, a prominent headmaster or similar, with enough local kudos to be of interest to citizens for country X but not in the general global community. Likewise, someone from country Y who was interested in Joe and having not found him in the general wiki would know to go and look for him in Country X's wiki. As far as putting the sum of human knowledge on wiki, I think it was Albert Moravia who said that if one were to try and record every piece of information, there would not be enough books in the whole world to describe even a single room. Most knowledge is in fact trivial, and this is exactly my point: that there should be stricter criteria for wiki inclusion, especially as regards non-notable people, but it may be appropriate (and indeed satisfying to the ego's of non-notables) to have them included in a local/country wiki where they can be looked up by their compatriots or others who would know that it is there (their country's wiki) they can be found. A Zambian expert on Zambian legends, to further clarify the point, may deserve an entry in the hypothetical Zambian wiki but not one in the general wiki. An enthusiastic student of Zambian legends, would know to look him up there having not found him in general wiki.Hope this clarifies the point. And no, I have not floated it in the general wiki population because it's only just occurred to me, and I thought that seeing as you are so active I might see how you reacted first. Lgh 01:09, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Village pump "proposals" would seem to be the best place. Just state the case/suggestions whatever and see what happens. Tyrenius 02:35, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

further clarification
The idea of a country wiki is entirely congruent with my wanting to crack down on vanity articles in the general wikipedia. It is precisely to provide borderline articles or items of only local interest with a venue/forum that I suggest a country wiki. And no, this is not the same as a global/general wiki in a particular language, such as French, as that is simply a commendable effort to have a comprehensive encyclopedia of globally notable information. It is roughly analogous to having a local and an international telephone directory available to you in your own country. You would know where to turn for local information. Lgh 02:56, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Candy versus Candice
Hey there, I was the one who reverted Candy's name edit back to Candice, after which you reverted it back to Candy. So to avoid an edit war, I've explained my pro-Candice reasons on the talk page. Could you join the discussion on her full name there? I will not change her name back to Candice yet (if indeed needed): I would like to come to an agreement on the talk page first. Ninja neko 19:35, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

Cadaver sanguisugus
Hi, do you have a scholarly source for the term "cadaver sanguisugus" having been used at least once by William de Newburgh or anyone else? I notice that there are a lot of Google hits on vampire forums etc., but according to this paper, only the word "sanguisuga" occurs, and it is translated by historian James Carley as "a leech". In the Medieval sourcebook edition of Newburgh, the sentence reads "The young men, however, spurred on by wrath, feared not, and inflicted a wound upon the senseless carcass, out of which incontinently flowed such a stream of blood, that it might have been taken for a leech filled with the blood of many persons." --194.145.161.227 12:50, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Palmes académiques
Wot I need, I thought, is someone who not just speaks French but is French. *lightbulb* Svartalf! Would you be so kind as to check my hack translation of Palmes académiques, particularly wrt to translating govt offices, etc. Then it can be moved off the "Needs translation" list. I apologise in advance for the hideous errors you are likely to find... V many thanks, cheers, JackyR | Talk 13:33, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Done. I suppose I'll have to check the connected articles too? --Svartalf 19:59, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Many thanks. I know nothing of the other articles - just copied the list at the article on fr.wiki and some came up blue. But if you're into translation, it would be a worthwhile job. :-) Cheers, JackyR | Talk 22:36, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * PS Do you want to go drop your ha'pporth in at Notability (books), since it's a topic on which you have an opinion? More cheers, JackyR | Talk 22:36, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Schwarzenegger
I never said that it is useless to state that Arnie is an American Citizen, because that is what he has become after living in USA for a long time. But what pisses me off is the fact that users either say he is Austrian-American, which he is not, or Austrian-born, which is untrue, because he was born in Austria to Austrian parents. By the way, he first learned English in ENGLAND, but that's no longer relevant. Arnie is not the only case of "Wikipedia Americanization". I have also noticed that Wikipedia states most British actors to be "British-born" or "British-American". That's what should be stopped, because it is false imformation, and a good example is stating Arnold to be "Austrian-born" or "Austrian-American" when he is 100% Austrian and an American citizen. Being an American citizen does not make you half American, because it's not in your blood.

I am a different case. I am Iranian, but I was born and raised in England, and I speak with a perfect English accent, which makes me British-Iranian. It's a case like that of the Japanese-American Pat Morita.

There's your proof. Jienum 15:42, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Olaf the White
Please contribute if you are able. Briangotts (Talk) (Contrib) 15:13, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Wine statement
About the wine blurb: It seems like relevant and credible information, but it still needs a reference, so I've hidden it for now. I'm hoping to come across a paragraph or two about it in some of the sources I'm reading at the moment.

Peter Isotalo 11:46, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Medieval cuisine up for peer review
Greetings and all that!

I'm working on getting the article up to FA-standards and your input would be much appreciated. Don't be shy now. Any and all comments (or criticisms) are beneficial.

Peter Isotalo 10:50, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

I saw that your a member of WikiProject Occult
I saw that your a member of Wikiproject Occult; would you like to join my new WikiProject Kabbalah? Your participation would be much appreciated. Thanks. Lighthead 02:22, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Thanks!
Any help would be appreciated. Thanks! Lighthead 00:54, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Scots, Attacotti and Deisi
Hi! I would like your opinion on the above short addition I made to Prehistoric settlement of Great Britain and Ireland. Cheers. Fergananim 14:46, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Iceland
Maybe you are interested in this project... --Michkalas 15:57, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Seppuku in popular culture
Seppuku in popular culture, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Seppuku in popular culture satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Seppuku in popular culture and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Seppuku in popular culture during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Eyrian 17:09, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

PROD of Aqua aura
Greetings,

I have added references to bring Aqua aura up to speed with WP:N and WP:RS, to this end I have removed your PROD of the article. If you still feel that it does not make the grade, please feel free to lodge an AfD, but please let me know if you do. Fosnez (talk) 12:47, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Beer category decision
A discussion has been opened on changes that have been made to the existing Beer category system. The changes reverse the decision made by the Project in April 2006. The changes were based on agreement by only two people, and by a discussion that took place outside the Beer Project. There may be some merit in the changes, and to prevent future conflict it is important that there is some discussion of the matter. If you're interested, please see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Beer.  SilkTork  *YES! 18:00, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

D&D articles for Wikipedia 0.7
Hi there! :)

As someone who's worked on D&D and/or RPG articles before, I'm inviting you to participate in our goal to both improve articles that have been selected to be placed in the next Wikipedia DVD release, as well as nominate more to be selected for this project. Please see the WikiProject D&D talk page for more details. :) BOZ (talk) 18:11, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Executed people
Have responded to your query. Good Ol’factory (talk) 00:22, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

Warning Excalibur (film)
The article Excalibur (film) contains a section on the Charm of Making which is supported by references to material published on the internet and in such reliable sources as the Walde-Pokorny Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen. You have made it clear that you believe based upon your own research that this material presents an incorrect interpretation of the facts. You are entitled to your opinion, but you are not entitled to (1) delete references, (2) insert your own personal opinion for sourced material, or (3) add your own unpublished personal comment as a reference. []. I suggest that you familiarize yourself with WP:OR which explains why you must provide a reliable source and not just your own opinion to support edits, and WP:VAN which explains how disruptively removing sourced material to be replaced with personal comments is inappropriate. This is a warning. These behaviors are inappropriate, and can be grounds for administrative action. Please feel free to add material supported by reliable sources to the article. Further deletions of sources and editorial comments may be grounds for a suspension of editing privileges and will be reported to an administrator. Wrotesolid (talk) 18:17, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

Please see my response to your note on my talk page on the article's discussion page. Wrotesolid (talk) 19:24, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

patent nonsense
If you enjoy debunking absurd folk etymologies, you might enjoy checking out the "acaba casa" etymology in the article Carabane. Wrotesolid (talk) 17:35, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

Requested move
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Draugr, recently moved to Draug, should be moved back. The discussion may be found at Talk:Draug. Yngvadottir (talk) 20:04, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Help to check a sandbox before publication
Hello. I want to translate an article ("fr:Manoir des Croft" in French), but my English is not great. Can you check and correct my sandbox, please, before publication ? Thanks in advance--Paul Morère (talk) 17:36, 16 February 2020 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Svartalf


text:
Turku Science Fiction Society

Turku Science Fiction Society (Turun Science Fiction Seura ry), or TSFS, is the oldest science fiction society in Finland. It was founded in 1976. The society publishes its own semiprozine, called Spin, also the oldest in Finland. It maintains a club room at the University of Turku with several related societies.

the TSFS has been the main organiser of Finncon three times, in 1999, 2003 and 2011. The 2003 event was also Eurocon and Baltcon.

Since 1983, the TSFS awards the annual Atorox Award for the best Finnish science fiction short story.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Turku Science Fiction Society


text:
At-Tawbah

At-Tawbah (ٱلتوبة) is the ninth chapter of the Quran. It contains 129 verses and is one of the last Medinan surahs. This Surah is known by two names, At-Taubah and Al-Bara'at. It is called At-Taubah in light of the fact that it articulates taubah (atonement) and informs about the conditions of its acceptance. (verse, ). The name Bara'at (Release) is taken from the opening word of the Surah.

It is believed by Muslims to have been revealed at the time of the Expedition of Tabuk in Medina in the 9th year of the Hijrah. The Sanaa manuscript preserves some verses, on parchment radiocarbon dated to between 578/44 bh and 669/49 ah.

It is the only Surah of the Quran that does not begin with Bismillah, the usual opening formula, In the name of God, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate. It deals with almost the same topics as those dealt with in Surat al-Anfal. In contrast to all other surahs, the Islamic prophet Muhammad did not order that this formula should be put at the beginning of this surah. at-Tawba's verse 40 refers to Abu Bakr as ('Second of the Two').

Summary

 * 1-2 Allah makes a declaration of disassociation from the polytheists.
 * 2 they can travel freely for 4 months
 * 3 It would be better if they repent
 * 4 Polytheists who didn’t break any treaty are to be spared and treated with respect
 * 5 after the Sacred months have passed Polytheists are to be killed but if they repent they are accepted
 * 6 Any Polytheist who goes to Muslims and asks for protection is to be granted protection so they can hear the words of Allah
 * 7 Polytheists who upheld treaties not to be harmed
 * 8 Polytheists rebuked for not observing treaty believing they have the upper hand
 * 9 Polytheists rebuked for exchanging the signs of Allah and averting from his way
 * 10 Those who broke the treaties are the transgressors
 * 11 If those who broke the treaties become Muslims they are regarded as brothers to the believers
 * 12 Muslims are told to fight the leaders of disbelief
 * 13-16 Muslims exhorted to fight against the truce-breakers
 * 17-18 All but Muslims to be excluded from the sacred temples
 * 19 Abbás rebuked for his vainglory
 * 20-22 The Muhajirun assigned the first rank among Muslims—their reward
 * 23-24 True believers to refuse friendship with nearest kin if they be infidels
 * 25-27 The Battle of Hunayn victory due to God's help
 * 28 Idolators excluded from the Kaaba
 * 29 The Jews and Christians as well as idolators to be attacked (if they refuse to pay the Jizya tax)
 * 30 Jews and Christians reproved for applying the epithet “Son of God” to Uzayr and Jesus
 * 31-32 They take their priests and monks and Jesus as Lords besides Allah.
 * 33 Islam superior to all other religions
 * 34-35 Stingy Muslims likened to covetous monks—their punishment
 * 36 Infidels may be attacked in sacred months
 * 37 The sacred months not to be transferred
 * 38–41 Muslims exhorted to go on expedition to Tabuk by reference to God's help to Muhammad and Abu Bakr in the cave; Abu Bakr is referenced as ('Second of the Two')
 * 42 The lukewarm Muslims rebuked for wishing to stay at home
 * 43 Muhammad rebuked for excusing some of these from going
 * 44-46 Willingness to fight for Muhammad, a test of faith
 * 47-50 Seditious Muslims rebuked
 * 51-52 The sure reward of the faithful
 * 53-55 God refuses the offerings of infidels and hypocrites
 * 55 The wealth and prosperity of infidels a sign of their reprobation
 * 56-57 Half-hearted Muslims reproved
 * 58-59 Those who had spread libellous reports regarding Muhammad's use of alms rebuked
 * 60 How alms should be expended
 * 61-69 Grumblers and hypocrites threatened
 * 70 They are warned by the example of the wicked in former ages
 * 71-72 The faithful described—their rewards
 * 73-74 Hypocrites denounced and threatened
 * 76-78 Prosperity of infidels a prelude to their destruction
 * 79 God shall scoff at the scoffers
 * 80 The defamers of the faithful shall never be forgiven
 * 81-83 Punishment of the “stayers at home”
 * 84 Muhammad forbidden to pray at the grave of unbelievers and hypocrites
 * 85-87 The Prophet not to wonder at the prosperity of the wicked
 * 88-89 Reward of those who assist the Apostle in his wars
 * 90 Hypocritical Arabs of the desert reproved
 * 91-92 Who may lawfully remain at home in time of war
 * 93-96 Other hypocrites reproved
 * 97-98 The Bedouin, the worst of hypocrites
 * 99 Some of them true believers
 * 100 The reward of the Ansars and Muhájjirín
 * 101 The desert Arabs and some of the people of Madína reproved
 * 102-105 The penitent confessors in Madína are pardoned
 * 106 Others await God's decision in their case
 * 107-110 Denunciation against those who built a Masjid in opposition to Muhammad and his faithful ones
 * 111-112 True believers are sold to God
 * 113 Muslims not to pray for idolatrous relatives
 * 114 Why Abraham prayed for his idolatrous parents
 * 115-117 God merciful to the faithful
 * 118 The three recreant Ansars pardoned
 * 119-121 The people of Madína rebuked for want of loyalty to Muhammad
 * 122 Some believers excused from going to war
 * 123 True believers to war against neighbouring infidels and hypocrisy
 * 124-127 Reproof of those who doubt the revelations of God and Muhammad
 * 128-129 The Apostle trusts in the help of God

Omission of Bismillah
Out of all 114 Surahs of the Quran this is the only one to which Bismillah is not prefixed. Among the explanations put forward for his not doing so, the most commonly accepted according to Unal is that, like the Islamic salutation, Peace be upon you, the expression, In the Name of God, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate conveys security and giving of quarter to those addressed. However, Surat at-Tawbah begins with an ultimatum to certain polytheists in Arabia. It deals, for the most part, with a re-evaluation of the relations with the polytheists who were frequently violating their agreements, the campaign to Tabuk, a disclosure of the intrigues of the hypocrites in Madinah(9:64-67, 101), the importance of jihad in God's cause(9:24), and relationships with the People of the Book.

Sanaa manuscript folio 22, Q9:122-129
Verses 122-129 are preserved in Folio 22 of the Sanaa manuscript. The sequence of Sanaa 1 chapters do not follow any other known quranic order and folio 22 is shared with Chapter 19 (Mary). Saudi-based experts in Quranic history emphasize that while Muhammad was alive, Quranic texts did not follow any standard sequence of surahs.

Three Discourses
From opening up to the 37th ayat, the initial talk, was uncovered in Zil-Qa'adah A.H. 9. As the significance of the subject of the talk required its affirmation on the event of Hajj Muhammad dispatched Ali to follow Abu Bakr, who had just left for Makkah to lead the Pilgrims to the Ka'abah. He trained Ali to convey the talk before the representatives of the various clans of Arabia in order to advise them regarding the new policy guidelines pertinent to the mushriks.

Starting from ayat 38 up to 72nd ayat the subsequent talk was revealed during Rajab A.H. 9 or a little before this, when Muhammad was occupied with getting ready for the Campaign of Tabuk. The Believers were encouraged to take a dynamic part in Jihad, and the shirkers were seriously reproached for keeping down their riches and for wavering to forfeit their lives in the path for Allah due to their hypocrisy, powerless belief(iman) or carelessness.

The final section of ayaat 73rd to last, was uncovered on his return from the Campaign of Tabuk. There are a few pieces revealed in different events during the same time frame and were incorporated by Muhammad into the Surah as per instructions from Allah. This talk cautions the hypocrites of their malevolent deeds and censures those Believers who had remained behind in the Campaign of Tabuk. At that point in the wake of berating them, Allah exculpates those genuine Believers who had not partaken in the Jihad in the Way of Allah for one explanation or the other.

In the middle of the ayat 97 In other words, apart from hypocrisy, one of their defects is that they did not even keep in touch with the Muslims of Madinah through which they would have known the rules of Sharia.

That is, these people want the Muslims to fall into such a cycle of trouble that these people get freedom from the kind of commands that they find very difficult to follow. Especially on the occasion of the Battle of Tabuk, these people had the hope that this time the Muslims were facing the great power of Rome, so maybe this time they would lose all their power after being defeated by the Romans. Further, Allah Ta'ala said that in reality these people are lying in the cycle of self-hypocrisy, which will cause them to be disgraced both in this world and in the hereafter.

Battle of Badr
Some parts of the chapter are believed to be speaking about the help of Allah by sending the invisible army of war, particularly mentioning the battle of Badr. According to Muhammad Sulaiman al-Ashqar from Islamic University of Madinah, who quoted several contemporary and classical scholars, the invisible army here were the Angels army consisted of Gabriel, Michael, Raphael and thousands of best angels from the third level of heaven, all came to the battle of Badr by impersonating the appearance of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, companion of Muhammad. are deemed as his other personal virtue and venerable status according to Islamic belief. Meanwhile, Mahdi Rizqullah has compiled the commentary from classical Islamic scholars, that the verse narration about the angels attendance in the battle were also supported by hadiths from hadith collection from Muslim ibn Hajjaj, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and the also from Quranic historiography work by Ibn Kathir. Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani gave commentary of another supportive narration from al-Baihaqi and Ibn Ishaq, through various hadith narration chains about the testimony from several different sahabah. This included the narration of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib who at that time fought on the side of Qurayshite polytheist, who testified that he has been taken captive on the aftermath of the battle by a horse rider whom he did not recognize at all from Muslims rank. According to the hadith authority from Ahmad ibn Hanbal, The captor of Abbas were confirmed by Muhammad as one of the angel who helped the Muslims during this battle.

Verses 9:2 - 9:6
The Quran, chapter 9 (At-Tawba), verses 2–6: "*9:2 “You ˹polytheists˺ may travel freely through the land for four months, but know that you will have no escape from Allah, and that Allah will disgrace the disbelievers.”
 * 9:3 A declaration from Allah and His Messenger ˹is made˺ to all people on the day of the greater pilgrimage that Allah and His Messenger are free of the polytheists. So if you ˹pagans˺ repent, it will be better for you. But if you turn away, then know that you will have no escape from Allah. And give good news ˹O Prophet˺ to the disbelievers of a painful punishment.
 * 9:4 As for the polytheists who have honoured every term of their treaty with you and have not supported an enemy against you, honour your treaty with them until the end of its term. Surely Allah loves those who are mindful ˹of Him˺.
 * 9:5 But once the Sacred Months have passed, kill the polytheists ˹who violated their treaties˺ wherever you find them, capture them, besiege them, and lie in wait for them on every way. But if they repent, perform prayers, and pay alms-tax, then set them free. Indeed, Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
 * 9:6 And if anyone from the polytheists asks for your protection ˹O Prophet˺, grant it to them so they may hear the Word of Allah, then escort them to a place of safety, for they are a people who have no knowledge."

is termed as the Sword Verse. The journalist Arun Shourie has criticized this and many other verses from the Quran contending that the Sunnah and the Hadith are equally evocative in their support of Jihad. Many mainstream Islamic scholars, however, assert that this verse relates to a very specific event in early Islamic history i.e. the covenant that was made and consecutively broken by the polytheist tribes of Mecca :74-91. Some think they very easily bypass the fact that Quran is often quoted by Islamic scholars to be the book perfect for all times and all places and all humans, and if it is so, its verses never need a historical context at all. On the other hand, even if the Quran are not supposed to have a historic contextual explanation the context provided (such as the unfaithfulness in pacts and treatises) are mentioned in the previous verses, thus a part of the Quran itself instead of an "out-world" context relations. According to Asma Afsaruddin, citing various early exegetes' opinions regarding the Arab polytheists, the consensus among the earliest commentators has been that this does not translate into indiscriminate killing. :88-89

Similarly, Western Islam-scholar Rudolph F. Peters also asserts that indiscriminate killing is not supported in this verse.

Verse 9:29
At-Tawbah also contains:

Al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210), on this occasion quoted an early exegetical authority, Abū Rawq (d. 140/757), who explained that this verse was not a unilateral condemnation of all Jews and Christians, but those "who do not heed the prescriptions contained in the Torah and the Gospel, respectively". Similarly Al-Qurṭubī (d. 671/1273) "did not read into Qurān 9:29 a wholesale denunciation of the People of the Book as an undifferentiated collectivity". :278 Modern Muslim scholars like Muhammad Abduh shared similar views, agreeing that this verse was revealed on the occasion of the military campaign in Tabuk, and this verse specifically deals with the People of the Book", and also that "the only kind of legitimate war on which there is unanimity among Muslim scholars is the defensive war when proclaimed by the Imām in the event of an attack upon Muslim territory". The Grand Imam of al-Azhar from 1935 to 1945, Mustafa Al-Maraghi, notes that 9:29 means: "fight those mentioned when the conditions which necessitate fighting are present, namely, aggression against you or your country, oppression and persecution against you on account of your faith, or threatening your safety and security, as was committed against you by the Byzantines, which was what led to Tabuk."

Verse 9:103
In Kitab al-Kafi, Ja'far al-Sadiq has narrated that Imams are not needy to what people own but rather collect religious tax on accord that Allah said, "Take from their wealth (religious tax) and charity by which you purify them and cause them to increase and invoke blessings upon them." Therefore, it is the people who need that the Imam accepts from them.

Q9:29 in Hadith
According to Zayd ibn Thabit, when the Qu'ran was first being compiled, he found the last verses of this Surah in the possession of Abu al-h al-Ansari and no one else. In another account, Ubay ibn Ka'b informed Zayd that Muhammad taught him the end of this sūrah and recited the same verses. Some, like Ibn Hazm, suggested that Abu Khuzayma was the only one to have the last verses in written form, as Zayd and others had memorized them. In a continuum of Surah Al-Anfal, this Surah additionally manages the issues of harmony and war and puts together the subject with respect to the Tabuk Expedition. The Significant Issues, Divine Laws and pieces of Guidance incorporated in this surah are as follows
 * 1) Policy guidelines for Muslims pertaining the mushriks.
 * 2) Instructions to participate in Jihad.
 * 3) Guidelines about hypocrisy, feeble faith, and carelessness.
 * 4) Battle of Tabuk.
 * 5) Foundation of a Dar-ul-Islam (an Islamic state).
 * 6) Stretching out the impact of Islam to abutting nations.
 * 7) Pulverizing the underhandedness of the hypocrites.
 * 8) Setting up the Muslims for a battle in the reason for Islam.
 * 1) Foundation of a Dar-ul-Islam (an Islamic state).
 * 2) Stretching out the impact of Islam to abutting nations.
 * 3) Pulverizing the underhandedness of the hypocrites.
 * 4) Setting up the Muslims for a battle in the reason for Islam.
 * 1) Pulverizing the underhandedness of the hypocrites.
 * 2) Setting up the Muslims for a battle in the reason for Islam.
 * 1) Setting up the Muslims for a battle in the reason for Islam.
 * 1) Setting up the Muslims for a battle in the reason for Islam.

Hadith

 * Abu Ishaq said that he heard al-Bara' b. 'Azib (Allah be pleased with him) say: The last complete sura revealed (in the Holy Qur'an) is Sura At-Tawbah (i e. al-Bara'at, ix.), and the last verse revealed is that pertaining to Kalala.

 * Narrated Sa'id ibn Jubayr: I asked Ibn `Abbas about Surat At-Tawbah, and he said, "Surat Al-Tauba? It is exposure (of all the evils of the infidels and the hypocrites). And it continued revealing (that the oft-repeated expression): '...and of them ...and of them.' till they started thinking that none would be left unmentioned therein." I said, "What about) SuratAl-Anfal?" He replied, "Surat Al-Anfal was revealed in connection with the Battle of Badr." I said, "(What about) Surat Al-Hashr?" He replied, "It was revealed in connection with Banu Nadir."

 * Narrated Zayd ibn Thabit Al-Ansari: who was one of those who used to write the Divine Revelation: Abu Bakr sent for me after the (heavy) casualties among the warriors (of the battle) of Yamama (where a great number of Qurra' were killed). `Umar was present with Abu Bakr who said, `Umar has come to me and said, The people have suffered heavy casualties on the day of (the battle of) Yamama, and I am afraid that there will be more casualties among the Qurra' (those who know the Qur'an by heart) at other battle-fields, whereby a large part of the Qur'an may be lost, unless you collect it. And I am of the opinion that you should collect the Qur'an." Abu Bakr added, "I said to `Umar, 'How can I do something which Allah's Apostle has not done?' `Umar said (to me), 'By Allah, it is (really) a good thing.' So `Umar kept on pressing, trying to persuade me to accept his proposal, till Allah opened my bosom for it and I had the same opinion as `Umar." (Zaid bin Thabit added:) `Umar was sitting with him (Abu Bakr) and was not speaking. me). "You are a wise young man and we do not suspect you (of telling lies or of forgetfulness): and you used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Messenger. Therefore, look for the Qur'an and collect it (in one manuscript). " By Allah, if he (Abu Bakr) had ordered me to shift one of the mountains (from its place) it would not have been harder for me than what he had ordered me concerning the collection of the Qur'an. I said to both of them, "How dare you do a thing which the Prophet has not done?" Abu Bakr said, "By Allah, it is (really) a good thing. So I kept on arguing with him about it till Allah opened my bosom for that which He had opened the bosoms of Abu Bakr and `Umar. So I started locating Qur'anic material and collecting it from parchments, scapula, leaf-stalks of date palms and from the memories of men (who knew it by heart). I found with Khuza`ima two Verses of Surat At-Tawbah which I had not found with anybody else, (and they were):-- "Verily there has come to you an Apostle (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty He (Muhammad) is ardently anxious over you (to be rightly guided)" (9.128) The manuscript on which the Qur'an was collected, remained with Abu Bakr until Allah took him unto Him, and then with `Umar till Allah took him unto Him, and finally it remained with Hafsa, `Umar's daughter.

Placement and coherence with other surahs
The idea of textual relation between the verses of a chapter has been discussed under various titles such as nazm and munasabah in non-English literature and coherence, text relations, intertextuality, and unity in English literature. Hamiduddin Farahi, an Islamic scholar of the Indian subcontinent, is known for his work on the concept of nazm, or coherence, in the Quran. Fakhruddin al-Razi (died 1209 CE), Zarkashi (died 1392) and several other classical as well as contemporary Quranic scholars have contributed to the studies. The entire Qur'an thus emerges as a well-connected and systematic book. Each division has a distinct theme. Topics within a division are more or less in the order of revelation. Within each division, each member of the pair complements the other in various ways. The seven divisions are as follows:

title: At-Tawbah


text:
User talk:Coolmel

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Arb Com election]] 10:49, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Comment: Zaadz.com is non-notable for one (redlink, the social networking list is redlink free and has always been that way and will continue to stay that way).. until it has a full Wiki entry it will be deleted. Also just because a website states it is 'social networking' does not necessarily make it a social-networking site. Feel free to make a full Wiki entry on Zaadz and than it'll be looked into, until than it will be deleted and not just by me but by others as well that see it. Sorry. AcePuppy 21:51, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Zaadz
I'll be happy to help in about a week when I get back from vacation. — goethean ॐ 16:44, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Coolmel


text:
Karsten Schubert

Karsten Schubert (12 August 1961 – 30 July 2019) was a German art dealer and publisher working in London.

Career
Before opening his own gallery, Schubert worked at the Lisson Gallery.

Karsten Schubert London
Schubert ran Karsten Schubert London, initially in collaboration, and with the backing of, Richard Salmon, from 1986 to 1991. His first exhibition was of the sculptor Alison Wilding, that he continued to show until his death.

His 1988 group show of Ian Davenport, Gary Hume and Michael Landy was one of the first commercial gallery shows of artists that would later come to be known as Young British Artists (YBA). The gallery quickly came to represent many of the YBA artists and several non-British artists. In addition to the exhibition programme the gallery also contributed to the publication of a series of catalogues and books which offered an overview of the YBA scene.

The gallery relocated from Charlotte Street to smaller premises in Foley Street, continuing its exhibition and publishing programme. Rachel Whiteread's 1996 departure from the gallery (to Anthony d'Offay) triggered a reorientation of Schubert's activities. He became a private artists' representative and art dealer working with a select number of artists of whose art he particularly liked, most famously Bridget Riley.

In 2007, the company moved to premises on Golden Square in Soho then, in January 2014 moved to Lexington Street, Soho. That same year, Schubert co-organised an exhibition of Bridget Riley’s work at David Zwirner Gallery in London.

Other
Schubert was a trustee of Space, London. He was also a faculty member of the Fine Arts programme, for 2015–2016, at the British School at Rome.

Personal life
In 2015, Schubert was diagnosed with medullary thyroid cancer. In July 2019, he died aged 57 from the disease.

title: Karsten Schubert


text:
Al-Anfal

Al-Anfal (ٱلأنفال, al-ʾanfāl; meaning The Spoils of War, Earnings, Savings, Profits) is the eighth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 75 verses (āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is a "Medinan surah", completed after the Battle of Badr. It forms a pair with the next surah, At-Tawba.

According to the eminent Muslim philosopher Abul A'la Maududi, the chapter was probably revealed in 2 A. H. after the Battle of Badr, the first defensive clash between Meccans and Muslim people of Medina after they fled from persecution in Mecca. As it contains an extensive point-by-point survey of the Battle, it gives the idea that most presumably it was uncovered at very much the same time. Yet, it is additionally conceivable that a portion of the verse concerning the issues emerging because of this Battle may have been uncovered later and joined at the best possible spots to make it a consistent entirety.

Summary

 * 1 Spoils belong to God and his Apostle
 * 2-4 True believers and their future reward
 * 5-6 Muslims reproved for distrusting their Prophet
 * 7 God gives the Muslims either the Quraish or their caravan
 * 8 The victory of Badr a seal to Islam
 * 9 Angelic aid vouchsafed to Muhammad
 * 10-11 The Muslims refreshed and comforted before the battle
 * 12 The angels enjoined to comfort the faithful by destroying the infidel Quraish
 * 13-14 Infidels are doomed to punishment here and hereafter
 * 15-16 Muslims are never to turn their backs on the infidels on pain of hell-fire
 * 17-18 The victory of Badr a miracle
 * 19 The Quraish are warned against further warfare with the Muslims
 * 20-21 Muslims exhorted to steadfastness in faith
 * 22-23 Infidels compared to deaf and dumb brutes
 * 24 Believers are to submit themselves to God and his Apostle
 * 25-28 They are warned against civil strife, deception, and treachery
 * 29 God's favour to true believers
 * 30 Plots against Muhammad frustrated by God
 * 31 The infidels liken the Quran to fables
 * 32-33 The Quraish were protected from deserved punishment by Muhammad's presence among them
 * 34-38 The idolaters of Mecca rebuked and threatened
 * 39 An amnesty offered to the Quraish
 * 40 Impenitent idolaters to be extirpated from the earth
 * 41 How the spoils of war are to be divided
 * 42-43 The Muslims were led by God to fight at Badr to attest the truth of Islam
 * 44 The Muslims encouraged, and the infidels lured to destruction, by each seeing the other to be few in number
 * 45-46 Believers exhorted to obedience
 * 47 Believers warned against impious vainglory
 * 48 The devil deserts the Quraish at Badr
 * 49-51 The fate of hypocrites
 * 52-54 Their doom like that of Pharaoh and his people
 * 55 The worst of beasts are the infidels
 * 56-58 Treachery to be met with its like
 * 59 God is against the infidels
 * 60 The Muslims excited to war against unbelievers
 * 61 Condition of peace with unbelievers
 * 62-64 The miracle of Arab union
 * 65-66 God with the Prophet and the Muslims in warring for the faith
 * 67-69 Muslims reproved for accepting ransom for the captives taken at Badr
 * 70-71 Captive Quraish exhorted to accept Islam, and warned against deception
 * 72-73 The brotherhood of Muslims (and its obligatory related to it), fact that disbelievers are helpers of one another, and effect for Muslims if they don't help another.
 * 74 The brotherhood of the Ansárs and Muháj Jirín
 * 75 The hereditary rights of blood-relations re-established

Name
The Surah is named Al-Anfal (The Bounties) from the first ayat. The word utilized in the ayat is الْأَنفَالِ. The word أَنفَال alludes to what is given as an extra sum past what is required. A very subtle perspective is covered in employing this word: the reward of undertaking jihad for God is permanently saved with God. Other than this prize, the spoils of war that are picked up from the Unbelievers are an extra offer for such individuals; before the Day of Judgment, the Almighty awards these to the participants of the war.

Text narratives
This subject of this Surah can be considered to be the issue of Jihad.

Verse 8:12
"˹Remember, O Prophet,˺ when your Lord revealed to the angels, 'I am with you. So make the believers stand firm. I will cast horror into the hearts of the disbelievers. So strike their necks and strike their fingertips.'" Tafsir Ibn Kathir says this means, "you -- angels -- support the believers, strengthen their (battle) front against their enemies, thus, implementing My command to you. I will cast fear, disgrace and humiliation over those who defied My command and denied My Messenger".

Verse 8:17
Muhammad al-Baqir narrates in hadith that:

which refers to the relatives of the Messenger of Allah. "Al-Khums (one fifth) belongs to Allah, the Messenger and to us (his Ahl al-Bayt)". One source states that Ubay ibn Khalaf was ransomed after Badr, but was killed by Muslims with a spear in the Battle of Uhud (625 CE). Verse was revealed in this occasion.

Verses 8:42 and 8:47
The Battle of Badr is also the subject of this Surah, which details military conduct and operations. Though the Surah does not name Badr, it describes the battle several times:

These verses highlighted both the chance encounter of the battle (both sides had blundered into each other) as well as the underestimation of both the size of the Meccan army by the Muslims and the fierceness of the Muslim army by the Meccans. The Meccan army was described in the second verses, and "Satan" may be referring to Amr ibn Hishām, who was hated by the Muslims and allegedly pushed for the battle repeatedly.

Verses 8:172
According to Al-Suyuti, the aftermath of the battle of Uhud had several implication for the Companions of the Prophet as some of them though they can inherit the wealth of the fallen, due to the previous bonding between Muhajirun and Ansar in the event of Brotherhood among the Sahabah. This case were highlighted in a Hadith of such event when Ka'b ibn Malik, a Medinan Ansari warrior who has fallen during the battle and previously bonded brotherhood with Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. Then Muhammad revealed Sura Al-Anfal, Ayah, which annulled the inheritance rights between fabricated "brotherhood", and forbidding Zubayr to inherit Ka'b wealths, as the one who truly has the right to inherit his wealth were his true blood relatives such as his children's.

title: Al-Anfal


text:
Port of Singapore

The Port of Singapore is the collection of facilities and terminals that conduct maritime trade and handle Singapore's harbours and shipping. It has been ranked as the top maritime capital of the world, since 2015. Currently the world's second-busiest port in terms of total shipping tonnage, it also transships a fifth of the world's shipping containers, half of the world's annual supply of crude oil, and is the world's busiest transshipment port. It was also the busiest port in terms of total cargo tonnage handled until 2010, when it was surpassed by the Port of Shanghai.

Because of its strategic location, Singapore has been a significant entrepôt and trading post for at least two centuries. During the contemporary era, its ports have not become just a mere economic boon for the country, but an economic necessity because Singapore is lacking in land and natural resources. The port is critical for importing natural resources, and then later re-exporting products after they have been domestically refined and shaped in some manner, for example wafer fabrication or oil refining to generate value added revenue. The Port of Singapore is also the world's largest bunkering port. The majority of ships that pass between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean go through the Singapore Strait. The Straits of Johor on the country's north are impassable for ships due to the Johor-Singapore Causeway, built in 1923, which links the town of Woodlands, Singapore to the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia.

Before 1819
In the late 13th century, a Kingdom known as Singapura was established on the north bank of the Singapore River around what was called the Old Harbour. It was the only port in the southern part of the Strait of Malacca and serviced ships and traders in the region, competing with other ports along the coast of the Malacca Strait such as Jambi, Kota Cina, Lambri, Semudra, Palembang, South Kedah and Tamiang. The port had two functions. First, it made available products that were in demand by international markets; according to the Daoyi Zhilüe (Brief Annals of Foreign Islands, 1349) by Chinese trader Wang Dayuan (born 1311, fl. 1328–1339), these included top-quality hornbill casques, lakawood and cotton. Although these goods were also available from other Southeast Asian ports, those from Singapore were unique in terms of their quality. Secondly, Singapore acted as a gateway into the regional and international economic system for its immediate region. South Johor and the Riau Archipelago supplied products to Singapore for export elsewhere, while Singapore was the main source of foreign products to the region. Archaeological artefacts such as ceramics and glassware found in the Riau Archipelago evidence this. In addition, cotton was transshipped from Java or India through Singapore.

In 1984, an archaeological excavation had commenced at Fort Canning Hill led by the archaeologist Dr John Miksic. A range of artefacts including earthenware, ceramic, and porcelain pieces were found which suggests Singapore's role as an active trading port in the 14th century.

By the 15th century, Singapore had declined as an international trading port due to the ascendance of the Malacca Sultanate. Local trade continued on the island. A map of Singapore by Portuguese mathematician Manuel Godinho de Eredia showed the location of Xabandaria or the office of a shahbandar, the Malay official responsible for international trade. Shards of 15th-century Siam ceramics and late 16th – or early 17th-century Chinese blue and white porcelain have been found at the Singapore and Kallang Rivers. Singapore also provided other regional ports with local products demanded by international markets. For instance, blackwood (a generic term used by Europeans to refer to rosewood) was exported from Singapore to Malacca, and was in turn purchased by Chinese traders and shipped to China for furniture-making:)

In the early 17th century, Singapore's main settlement and its port were destroyed by a punitive force from Aceh. After this incident, there was no significant settlement or port at Singapore until 1819.

1819–1960
In 1819, Stamford Raffles, a British colonial official, excited by the deep and sheltered waters in Keppel Harbour, established for the British Empire a new settlement and international trading port on the island. Keen to attract Asian and European traders to the new port, Raffles directed that land along the banks of the Singapore River, particularly the south bank, be reclaimed where necessary and allocated to Chinese and English country traders to encourage them to establish a stake in the port-settlement. Chinese traders, because of their frequent commercial interactions with Southeast Asian traders throughout the year, set up their trading houses along the lower reaches of the river, while English country traders, who depended on the annual arrival of trade from India, set up warehouses along the upper reaches. The port relied on three main networks of trade that existed in Southeast Asia at that time: the Chinese network, which linked Southeast Asia with the southern Chinese ports of Fujian and Guangdong; the Southeast Asian network, which linked the islands of the Indonesian archipelago; and the European and Indian Ocean network, which linked Singapore to the markets of Europe and the Indian Ocean littoral. These networks were complementary, and positioned Singapore as the transshipment point of regional and international trade. By the 1830s, Singapore had overtaken Batavia (now Jakarta) as the centre of the Chinese junk trade, and also become the centre of English country trade, in Southeast Asia. This was because Southeast Asian traders preferred the free port of Singapore to other major regional ports which had cumbersome restrictions. Singapore had also supplanted Tanjung Pinang as the export gateway for the gambier and pepper industry of the Riau–Lingga Archipelago by the 1830s, and South Johor by the 1840s. It had also become the centre of the Teochew trade in marine produce and rice.

As the volume of its maritime trade increased in the 19th century, Singapore became a key port of call for sailing and steam vessels in their passage along Asian sea routes. From the 1840s, Singapore became an important coaling station for steam shipping networks that were beginning to form. Towards the late 19th century, Singapore became a staple port servicing the geographical hinterland of the Malay Peninsula. Following the institution of the British Forward Movement, Singapore became the administrative capital of British Malaya. Roads and railways were developed to transport primary materials such as crude oil, rubber and tin from the Malay Peninsula to Singapore to be processed into staple products, and then shipped to Britain and other international markets. During the colonial period, this was the most important role of the port of Singapore.

1963–2021
Singapore ceased to be part of the British Empire when it merged with Malaysia in 1963. Singapore lost its hinterland and was no longer the administrative or economic capital of the Malay Peninsula. The processing in Singapore of raw materials extracted in the Peninsula was drastically reduced due to the absence of a common market between Singapore and the Peninsular states.

Since Singapore's full independence in 1965, it has had to compete with other ports in the region to attract shipping and trade at its port. It has done so by developing an export-oriented economy based on value-added manufacturing. It obtains raw or partially manufactured products from regional and global markets and exports value-added products back to these markets through market access agreements such as World Trade Organization directives and free trade agreements.

By the 1980s, maritime trading activity had ceased in the vicinity of the Singapore River except in the form of passenger transport, as other terminals and harbours took over this role. Keppel Harbour is now home to three container terminals. Other terminals were built in Jurong and Pasir Panjang as well as in Sembawang in the north. Today, the port operations in Singapore are handled by two players: PSA International (formerly the Port of Singapore Authority) and Jurong Port, which collectively operate six container terminals and three general-purpose terminals around Singapore.

In the 1990s the port became more well-known and overtook Yokohama, and eventually became the busiest port in terms of shipping tonnage.

Singapore is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast to the southern tip of India, to Mombasa, from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, to the Upper Adriatic region of the northern Italian hub Trieste with its rail connections to Central Europe and the North Sea.

Since 2022
The Tuas Mega Port is projected to be the only port in Singapore after the PSA city terminals and Pasir Panjang Terminal are closed in 2027 and 2040 respectively, ending an era of port operations in the city area which began in 1819. The Sea Transport Industry Transformation Map (ITM) launched by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) aims to grow the industry's value-add by $4.5 billion and create more than 5,000 new jobs by 2025.

Automation will be a key part of the new port, with over 1,000 battery-powered driverless vehicles and a fleet of almost 1,000 automated yard cranes to be developed for the port. Nelson Quek, PSA Singapore's head of Tuas planning stated that "Tuas, when it's fully developed, is going to be the single largest fully-automated terminal in the world". It will also be able to cater to the demands of the world's largest container ships, with 26 km of deep-water berths. Besides just handling containers, the port will have space set aside for companies to be located, a move that aims to improve the links between port and businesses. It is projected to be twice the size of Ang Mo Kio new town.

Operations at Tuas Mega Port began in September 2021, and the port officially opened on September 1, 2022 with three berths in service.

Operations

The port is the world's busiest port in terms of shipping tonnage handled, with 1.15 billion gross tons (GT) handled in 2005. In terms of cargo tonnage, Singapore is behind Shanghai with 423 million freight tons handled. The port retains its position as the world's busiest hub for transshipment traffic in 2005, and is also the world's biggest bunkering hub, with 25 million tonnes sold in the same year.

Singapore is ranked first globally in 2005 in terms of containerised traffic, with 23.2 million Twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) handled. High growth in containerised traffic has seen the port overtaking Hong Kong since the first quarter of 2005, and has led the race ever since, with an estimated 19,335 kTEUs handled in the year up to October, compared to 18,640 kTEUs handled in Hong Kong in the same period. A rise in regional traffic consolidating the port's position in Southeast Asia, and increases in transshipment traffic using the strategic East Asia-Europe route via Singapore helped the port to emerge tops at the end of the year, a title it had not held since overtaking Hong Kong once in 1998.

Operators

PSA Singapore's container facilities are as follows:
 * Container berths: 52
 * Quay length: 15,500 m
 * Area: 600 hectares
 * Max draft: 16 m
 * Quay cranes: 190
 * Designed capacity: 35,000 kTEU

PSA Singapore has 13 berths which are part of the Pasir Panjang Container Terminal's Phase Two which are due for completion by 2009. Phase Three and Four will add another 16 berths and are expected to be completed by 2013.

Jurong Port's facilities are as follows:
 * Berths: 32
 * Berth length: 5.6 km
 * Maximum vessel draft: 15.7 m
 * Maximum vessel size:
 * Area: 127 Hectares Free Trade Zone, 28 Hectares non-Free Trade Zone
 * Warehouse facilities: 178,000 m2

PSA Singapore also has a 40-year contract to operate the tax-free Gwadar Port on the southwestern coast of Pakistan. Gwadar started operation in March 2008, with 3 multi-purpose berths, a 602-meter quay, and 12.5-meter depth. Another 9 berths are under construction, with a 20-meter depth. In 2015, it was announced that the port would be leased to the Chinese till 2059 and further developed under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.

History

 * Borschberg, Peter (2018). “Three questions about maritime Singapore, 16th and 17th Centuries”, Ler História, 72: 31-54. https://journals.openedition.org/lerhistoria/3234
 * Borschberg, Peter (2018). “Three questions about maritime Singapore, 16th and 17th Centuries”, Ler História, 72: 31-54. https://journals.openedition.org/lerhistoria/3234

title: Port of Singapore


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