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Self-insertion

Self-insertion is a literary device in which the author writes themselves into the story under the guise of, or from the perspective of, a fictional character. The character, overtly or otherwise, behaves like, has the personality of, and may even be described as physically resembling the author of the work.

In visual art, the equivalent of self-insertion is the inserted self-portrait, where the artist includes a self-portrait in a painting of a narrative subject. This has been a common artistic device since at least the European Renaissance.

Among professional writers, the intentional, deliberate use of first-person and third-person self-insertion techniques are commonly considered to be an unoriginal action on the author's part, and represents a paucity of creative thought in their writing.

Literary forms
Similar literary devices include the author doubling as the first-person narrator, or writing an author surrogate in the third-person, or adding in a character who is partially based on the author, whether the author included it intentionally or not. Many characters have been described as unintentional self-insertions, implying that their author is unconsciously using them as an author surrogate.

Self-insertion can also be employed in a second-person narrative, utilizing the imagination of the reader and his suspension of disbelief. The reader, referred to in the second person, is depicted as interacting with another character, with the intent to encourage the reader's immersion and psychological projection of himself into the story, imaging that he, himself, is performing the written story. While examples in published fiction of second-person self-insertion are rare, the use of such is common in fan fiction, in which the reader is paired with a fictional character, often in an intimate setting.

Examples

 * Money by Martin Amis
 * The Razor's Edge by Somerset Maugham
 * Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut
 * Breakfast of Champions by Kurt Vonnegut
 * The French Lieutenant's Woman by John Fowles
 * Stan Lee is depicted as himself in different Marvel comic books and movies.
 * Clive Cussler, author of Dirk Pitt novels, has inserted himself as a deus ex machina character in several of his books.
 * In Gargantua and Pantagruel by François Rabelais, Rabelais takes over the narration of the story and personally describes the enlarged tongue of one of the protagonists as if he was physically in the story.
 * William Blake is said to depict himself in the novel Milton: A Poem in Two Books.
 * The Divine Comedy including Inferno, by Dante Alighieri, feature the poet Dante himself as a character, visiting Heaven and Hell, where he meets people he does not like being punished, and his friends and famous historical heroes having eternal rest.
 * Randolph Carter adds himself as a character in several spin offs of H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos.
 * In the Rush Revere series of books, authored by Rush Limbaugh, Limbaugh uses himself as the narrator, who is exploring various American historical settings and concepts and explaining them to readers.
 * In the Twilight novel series by Stephenie Meyer, Bella Swan is argued to either be Meyer herself or a blank slate on which the reader is expected to project.
 * Rayford Steele and Buck Williams make cameos as themselves in the Left Behind novel series by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins.
 * The title character of Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is accused of being a self-insertion.
 * I Am the Messenger by Markus Zusak.
 * Andrew Hussie used himself to recap story beats of his webcomic, Homestuck.
 * JPod by Douglas Coupland is said to employ the author as a character.
 * A character in The Dark Tower VI: Song of Susannah, by Stephen King, is thought to be directly based on King himself.
 * Handbook for Mortals by Lani Sarem
 * A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket
 * The Map and the Territory by Michel Houellebecq
 * Frank Owen in The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists by Robert Tressell
 * Robert Langdon in the Robert Langdon book series by Dan Brown
 * John Barth in the Dunyazadiad segment of John Barth's novel Chimera.
 * Rohan Kishibe in Diamond Is Unbreakable by Hirohiko Araki
 * Louis, a student enrolled in Wayside School, is based on author Louis Sachar.
 * Rudyard Kipling writes himself a cameo in The Man Who Would Be King.
 * The Thin Clergyman in The Railway Series, written by Reverend Wilbert Awdry, is said to be based on the author himself.
 * Velma Dinkley from the animated television series Velma has been cited as a self-insertion of Mindy Kaling, due to the character's mannerisms and appearance.
 * Protagonist Jake Wheeler from Chucky is based the experiences of franchise creator Don Mancini as a gay teenager.

title: Self-insertion


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User talk:Serdasus

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
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 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam]] Spade wishes you a merry Christmas! 23:27, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Serdasus


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Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR; IAST: vaigyanik tathā audyogik anusandhāna pariṣada) is a research and development (R&D) organisation in India to promote scientific, industrial and economic growth. Headquartered in New Delhi, it was established as an autonomous body in 1942 under the aegis of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. CSIR is among the largest publicly funded R&D organisations in the world. CSIR has pioneered sustained contribution to science and technology (S&T) human resource development in India.

it runs 37 laboratories/institutes, 39 outreach centres, 3 Innovation Centres and 5 units throughout the nation, with a collective staff of over 14,000, including a total of 4,600 scientists and 8,000 technical and support personnel. Although it is mainly funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, it operates as an autonomous body through the Societies Registration Act, 1860.

The research and development activities of CSIR include aerospace engineering, structural engineering, ocean sciences, life sciences and healthcare including diagnostics, metallurgy, chemicals, mining, food, petroleum, leather, and environmental science.

N. Kalaiselvi is the present Director General of CSIR-cum-Secretary DSIR, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

In terms of Intellectual property, CSIR has 2971 patents in force internationally and 1592 patents in force in India. CSIR is granted more than 14000 patents worldwide since its inception. CSIR was awarded the National Intellectual Property (IP) Award 2018 in the category "Top R&D Institution / Organisation for Patents and Commercialisation" by Indian Patent Office.

In late 2007, the Minister of Science and Technology, Kapil Sibal stated, in a Question Hour session of the Parliament, that CSIR has developed 1,376 technologies/knowledgebase during the last decade of the 20th century.

History
In the 1930s, the need for establishing research organisations for the development of natural resources and new industries in India began to emerge. Eminent citizens such as C. V. Raman, Lt. Col. Seymour Sewell and J. C. Ghosh had proposed the creation of an advisory board of scientific research. Sir Richard Gregory, then editor of Nature, was among the first people who officially reported to the British Government. After visiting scientific departments and universities in India in 1933, Gregory submitted to Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State for India, regarding the need of scientific organisation similar to the DSIR in Britain. Indian scientists at Calcutta and Bangalore initiated schemes to launch a National Institute of Sciences and an Indian Academy of Sciences, respectively. At the Fifth Industries Conference in 1933, the Provincial Governments of Bombay, Madras, Bihar and Orissa unanimously reiterated their demand for a co-ordinating forum for industrial research. Hoare advised the Viceroy, Lord Willingdon, to support the demand. However, in May 1934, Willingdon replied to Hoare saying, "The creation of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in India to promote the application of research to natural resources does not appear to be necessary." While the Indian DSIR was rejected, the colonial government provided a small concession. It instead offered to create an Industrial Intelligence and Research Bureau, which came into operation in April 1935 under the Indian Stores Department. The Bureau's limited resources (with a budget of ₹1.0 lakh per annum) made it impossible to initiate major research and industrial activities as had been hoped for; it was mainly concerned with testing and quality control.

At the onset of World War II in 1939, the bureau was proposed to be abolished. Arguably, Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar became the most instrumental in the creation of CSIR in India. As a member of Viceroy's executive council, and also of Commerce, he recommended that the Bureau should be terminated, not as a measure of economy, but to make room for a Board of Scientific and Industrial Research, which should be endowed with greater resources and wider objectives. It was by this persistence that the Board of Scientific and Industrial Research (BSIR) was created on 1 April 1940 for a period of two years. Mudaliar became the chair of the board. It was at this point that Bhatnagar was appointed to pilot the board, as the Director. The BSIR was allocated an annual budget of ₹5,00,000 under the Department of Commerce. By the end of 1940, about 80 researchers were engaged, of whom one-quarter was directly employed. Major achievements of BSIR included development of the techniques for the purification of Baluchistan sulphur anti-gas cloth manufacture, vegetable oil blends as fuel and lubricants, plastic packing cases for army boots and ammunition, dyes for uniforms and the preparation of vitamins, and the invention of a pyrethrum emulsifier and cream. In early 1941 Bhatnagar persuaded the government to set up an Industrial Research Utilisation Committee (IRUC) for translating results into application. The government then agreed to make a separate fund out of the royalties received from industry for further investment into industrial research. Mudaliar recommended that an Industrial Research Fund should be constituted, which would have an annual grant of ₹10,00,000 for a period of five years. This was accepted by the Central Assembly in Delhi at its session on 14 November 1941.

Then the constitution of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as an autonomous body was prepared under Mudaliar and Bhatnagar. Thus, CSIR came into operation on 26 September 1942. The BSIR and IRUC were incorporated into the advisory bodies to the governing body of the CSIR. In 1943 the governing body of CSIR approved the proposal of Bhatnagar to establish five national laboratories — the National Chemical Laboratory, the National Physical Laboratory, the Fuel Research Station, the Glass & Ceramics Research Institute and the National Metallurgical Laboratory. In 1944 in addition to its annual budget of ₹10 lakh, CSIR received a grant of ₹1 crore for the establishment of these laboratories. The Tata Industrial House donated ₹20 lakh for the chemical, metallurgical and fuel research laboratories. The foundation for the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute at Kolkata was the first to be laid, in December 1945; National Metallurgical Laboratory at Jamshedpur in November 1946; and that for the National Chemical Laboratory at Pune was the last, on 6 April 1947, four months before India became independent. All the five establishments were completed by 1950.

Organisation Structure

 * 1) President : Prime Minister (Ex-Officio)
 * 2) Vice President : Minister of Science & Technology, India (Ex-Officio)
 * 3) Governing Body : The Director General is the head of the governing body. The other ex-officio member is the finance secretary (expenditures). Other members' terms are three years.
 * 4) CSIR Advisory Board : 15-member body composed of prominent members from respective fields of science and technology. Its function is to provide S&T inputs to the governing body. Member terms are three years.

CSIR achievements

 * Developed India's first synthetic drug, methaqualone in 1950.
 * Developed Optical Glass at CGCRI for defence purposes.
 * Developed first Indian tractor Swaraj in 1967 completely based on indigenous know-how.
 * Achieved the first breakthrough of flowering of Bamboo within weeks as against twenty years in nature.
 * First to analyse genetic diversity of the indigenous Andamanese tribes and to establish their origin out of Africa 60,000 years ago.
 * In 1987, developed the most popular tractor of India, named as Sonalika, being manufactured by International Tractors Limited.
 * Developed the first transgenic Drosophila model for drug screening for cancer in humans.
 * Invented, once a week non-steroidal family planning pill Saheli and non-steroidal herbal pill for asthma called Asmon.
 * Designed India's first ever parallel processing computer, Flosolver.

 * Rejuvenated India's one-hundred-year-old refinery at Digboi using the most modern molecular distillation technology.
 * With TCS, developed a versatile portable PC-based software 'Bio-Suite' for bioinformatics.
 * Design of 14 seater plane 'SARAS'.
 * Established first ever in the world 'Traditional Knowledge Digital Library' accessible in five international languages, English, German, French, Japanese and Spanish.
 * Successfully challenged the grant of patent in the US for use of haldi (turmeric) for wound healing and neem as insecticide.
 * In 2007, under the NMITLI program, began the study of Sepsivac, a drug for gram-negative sepsis.
 * In 2009, completed the sequencing of the Human Genome.
 * In 2011, successfully tested India's 1st indigenous civilian aircraft, NAL NM5 made in association with National Aerospace Laboratories and Mahindra Aerospace.
 * In 2020, initiated clinical trials to evaluate Sepsivac's efficacy to reduce mortality rate in COVID-19 patients.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize was established by CSIR in 1958. The prize is named after the Founder Director Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar.

The nominees for the award are filtered out from the research categories of - Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary, Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, Medical Sciences & Physical Sciences.

The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize comes up with a Citation, a Plaque & a Cash Award of 5 Lakh Rupees with the addition of a stipend of ₹15,000/- per month (till the age of 65).

Every year, the Award Selection Committee of CSIR presents the award to maximum 2 individuals from each research category. As per the stats, the SSB Prize has been awarded to 525 individuals for their exemplary work in Science & Technology.

The candidates must be:

 * Indian Nationality
 * Overseas citizen of India (OCI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) working in India
 * The awardee must have made conspicuously important and outstanding contributions to human knowledge and progress – fundamental and applied – in the field of endeavour, which is his/her specialisation.
 * Upper Age Limit – 45 years.

The above criteria help CSIR Committee to select the eligible candidates for the award but the selection will be based on the results of selection procedure which is conducted by the Advisory Committee of CSIR.

Research laboratories under CSIR
As of May 2024, there are 39 research laboratories, 39 outreach centres, 1 Innovation Complexes, and three units with a pan-India presence under CSIR in India.

Journals
18 journals and 3 popular science magazines (Science Reporter and its Hindi, Urdu editions) are available under open access from NOPR website.


text: User talk:69.143.75.11

title: User talk:69.143.75.11


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Paul Rauch

Paul Rauch (1930 – December 10, 2012 ) was an American television and film producer. Rauch's work was primarily in American soap operas.

Career
Rauch's earlier jobs included Vice President, Programs-East Coast for CBS, Supervising Producer for Procter & Gamble, and Music Critic for an English-language edition of the Japanese Yomiuri Shimbun, a job he held in his mid-twenties.

Another World
Rauch is best known for his work on Another World, which he produced from 1972 to 1982. For much of that time, he worked in conjunction with head writer Harding Lemay, and the team garnered the show critical acclaim and strong ratings. In the 1970s Daytime ratings, Another World often rose to the top of the ratings, just below number one show As the World Turns and Guiding Light.

Rauch led the show to an expanded hour format in 1975, which was a success. However, a subsequent time expansion to 90 minutes in 1979 was less successful.

During his tenure on Another World, he served as co-creator and executive producer of two other NBC soap operas. Rauch first co-created Lovers and Friends (January-May 1977) with Lemay; however, the low ratings under its original format prompted NBC to put the show on what would be a seven-month hiatus during the Summer and Fall of 1977, with the soap being reworked as For Richer For Poorer (1977-78). Two years after For Richer For Poorer was canceled, Rauch teamed with the husband-and-wife team of John William and Joyce Corrington to create Texas (1980-82), a spin-off of Another World envisioned as a daytime equivalent to the hit CBS prime time soap Dallas; Rauch served as executive producer of the show (simultaneous with his showrunner duties on Another World) until 1981.

Other daytime credits
Following his works on Another World (1972-1982), Lovers and Friends and For Richer For Poorer, and Texas (1980-1981), he was hired by ABC Daytime to be a producer for One Life to Live in 1983. He served as executive producer from 1984 to 1991.

In Ellen Holly’s book, Holly is vocal about her frustration at her character being pushed into the background to make way for new white characters, and about being summarily dismissed in 1985 by Rauch, who by that time had become executive producer and writing consultant. Rauch fired every Black lead or recurring character on One Life To Live during his 1984-91 tenure.

In addition, he was executive producer of Santa Barbara from 1991 to 1993, and Guiding Light from 1996 to 2002.

Rauch appeared at the end of the final episode of Santa Barbara on January 15, 1993. The final shot consisted of Rauch standing in front of the camera, smashing a cigar under his shoe, and walking away.

From 2003 to 2005, he was an executive consulting producer to a period-drama that aired on Russian television, called Bednaya Nastya. From 2008 to 2011, he was the executive producer of the serial The Young and the Restless.

On August 22, 2013, Grant Aleksander, who had portrayed Phillip Spaulding on Guiding Light from 1983 through the series finale in 2009, revealed in an interview with Carolyn Hinsey that Rauch had been working on a continuation of Guiding Light at the time of his death on December 10, 2012. According to the interview he had consulted with the Big Networks executives regarding the proposal and Procter & Gamble were interested as well.

Other credits
In 2009 Paul Rauch was named "The Greatest Daytime Producer of All Time" by TV Guide Canada, while he served as co-executive producer of the #1 daytime show The Young & the Restless. Rauch also produced the feature films Lover's Knot (Cannes Film Festival) and Run the Wild Fields (Film Advisory Board Award, special honors at the Sarasota Film Festival, Emmy, Best Family Film), as well as the 100-episode primetime series Poor Nastya for Sony Pictures Int. and Russia 3.

Personal life
At the time of his death, aged 82, Rauch was married to concert pianist Israela Margalit. The couple lived in New York City.

Positions held
Vice President, Daytime Programs, CBS Vice President, Programs - East Coast, CBS (1970-1972)

Texas
 * Co-Creator
 * Executive Producer (July 1980 - April 1981)

Another World
 * Executive Producer (November 1971 - 1983)

One Life to Live
 * Executive Producer (1984 - 1991)

Santa Barbara
 * Executive Producer (January 1992 - January 15, 1993)

Guiding Light
 * Executive Producer (November 1996 - December 24, 2002)

The Young and the Restless
 * Consultant (August 2008 - October 2, 2008)
 * Co-Executive Producer (October 3, 2008 - May 10, 2011)

title: Paul Rauch


text:
Talk:Undeniable (Raven-Symoné album)

Sales mixup?
To whomever posted the figures of 73,000 for Undeniable and 8,000 for Here's To New Dreams:

Are you sure that Undeniable sold 73,000 and Here's To New Dreams sold 8,000, or was it 73,000 for Here's To New Dreams and 8,000 for Undeniable?  Somebody with connections to SoundScan quoted 73,000 for Here's To New Dreams, 2,000 for the original Undeniable and 8,000 for its re-release, called From Then Until... (a combined 10,000). Can you please check your info again to make sure you have the correct figure for its corresponding album? --CookyMonzta 07:01, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Undeniable-Raven.JPG
Image:Undeniable-Raven.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 16:03, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Undeniable (Raven-Symoné album)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shorashim

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - should be merged

Shorashim
This page enumerates the 14 principles by which Maimonides determines which laws mentioned in the Pentateuch are to be counted under the 613 commandments it traditionally contains. While the content may be revelant under 613 mitzvot it is much too limited for its own article. Additionally, shorashim in Hebrew also has a grammatical connotation, which the article should be about.

 * Merge with 613 mitzvot and delete. JFW | T@lk  23:30, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't a merge with Jewish principles of faith make more sense, particularly for the second half of the article about Albo etc.? Jayjg 00:19, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 152.131.9.69 added the Albo shorashim later. This content should, of course, go to the page you suggested. 152.131.9.69 is upset with me (see Talk:Shorashim). JFW | T@lk  01:20, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge anywhere or keep on its own, but keep the content and keep as at least a redirect. Samaritan 01:05, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I am user 152.131.9.69. I did not see this suggestion to merge this document with the 613 mitzvot. This is fine with me. I did express some frustration because I had spent a large portion of a day collecting the information for the page, which Jfdwolff wanted to just obliterate because didn't think it important enough to be in the encyclopedia. I am admittedly a newbie. but this comment to put on the 613 page was not mentioned in the talk for the article at all. It was just on this page, which I didn't even see yesterday. This encyclopedia thing is much more complex than just a simple wiki. And I have no objection to merging information. I just have an objection to deciding (with no discussion on Talk) to delete someone else's hard work. - (unsigned)

 * Since author apparently sees merge with 613 mitzvot as appropriate and no one strongly disagrees, let's do that. -- Jmabel | Talk 09:16, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Talk:Adventures of Lolo

Should the Monster pages for Lolo be merged to this page as well?

--pgeoff 23:30, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * I actually like them better as separate pages. I actually liked Lolo 1 as a separate page as well, as I mainly intended this page to be for an overview of the whole Eggerland/Lolo series and what the games share in common.  The Lolo 1 page was just supposed to be a minor description of that game.

New Eggerland series page
Hi. I thought it would be best to give Lolo 1 its own page as it currently is now, and make a new one with the whole Eggerland series as all aspects are nearly the same for every game. I took a fair amount of the content from here and put it in the new Eggerland series page. What do you think? --Sivak 05:54, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

Title
The title may be "Adventures of Lolo", not "The Adventures of Lolo", isn't it?

Japan?
I think I will remove the release information for Japan, since this game was not actually released in Japan. The game is actually a compilation of levels found in previously Japanese-only Eggerland titles, so there was no reason to release the game in Japan. It is for this reason that The Adventures of Lolo 2 (U.S. and Europe) was known as The Adventures of Lolo in Japan, and The Adventures of Lolo 3 would be known as The Adventures of Lolo 2.

 * As far as proof of this goes, you can look at this Eggerland Project website, Charlie Finch's Eggerland Page, and GameFAQs. --Brahman 03:54, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Also, using these sources, I am going to update the release information. --Brahman 03:54, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The only stage not only-japanese-games-based is the last stage (10-5). All of them are based on Eggerland - Revival of the Labyrinth (AoL take 15 stages of this) and Eggerland - Departure to Creation (Aol take 39 stages o this). --Loquo (talk) 00:43, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

MSX
HAL has also produced some games for the computersystem "MSX" and among these games there was "Eggerland Mystery" a very good puzzle-labarynth-game. (sorry for my bad english)--User:anonym 14:14, 27 January 2008 (MET)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Adventures of Lolo. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110518154703/http://games.ign.com/top-100-game-creators/87.html to http://games.ign.com/top-100-game-creators/87.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110621233242/http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july03/famicom/index22.shtml to http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/july03/famicom/index22.shtml
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title: Talk:Adventures of Lolo


text:
Alvaston

Alvaston (/ˈɒlvəstən/ or /ˈælvəstən/) is a village and ward of Derby, in the ceremonial county of Derbyshire, England. Alvaston is on the A6 three miles south-east of Derby city centre and probably owes its name to an individual called Ælfwald.

The village of Alvaston has existed since at least the 11th century. Rapid expansion came in the second half of the 19th century and in 1904 the electric tram replaced the horse-bus service and, with the advent of the motor car, London Road became the A6. It became part of Derby in the late 20th century.

The smaller, neighbouring village of Boulton has been swallowed up by Alvaston, and Boulton is rarely referred to by name.

History
The village is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. It expanded rapidly with the coming of improved public transport to Derby, and the arrival of the railways and associated employment in the mid-19th century. Alvaston was the terminus of a tram route, and later a trolleybus route, which ran along London Road.

Few of the buildings in Alvaston date from before this era. There are several parallel streets of terraced Victorian housing in the Crewton district, large Edwardian detached villas stringing out away from the village centre, 1930s semi-detached homes, and a large expanse of post-Second World War council housing.

Governance
Alvaston is part of the Derby South (UK Parliament constituency) constituency for Westminster elections.

In the 2023 Derby City Council election, all 6 of Alvaston's members of Derby City Council were from Reform UK.

In 1881 the civil parish had a population of 1302. On 25 March 1884 the parish was abolished to form Alvaston and Boulton, part also went to Elvaston. It is now in the unparished area of Derby, in the Derby district.

Geography
Alvaston lies to the southeast of Derby city centre, bounded to the east by the A6 dual carriageway, and to the north by the River Derwent. It is bordered to the north by the wards of Chaddesden East, Chaddesden West and Spondon; to the west by the city centre, Sinfin and Osmaston; to the south by Chellaston and Shelton Lock; and to the east by the district of South Derbyshire.

Two miles to the west lies the site of the Derby Canal, the 19th-century township of Allenton, and the Osmaston Park Industrial Estate. To the north-west on the A6 towards Derby, a small settlement of Victorian terraced homes forms Wilmorton. The Pride Park development, which includes the Derby County football stadium, is a short walk away. To the north, the River Derwent flows from Derby towards its confluence with the River Trent. The long-established chemical works of Celenese(formally Accordis and Courtaulds) are the northern bank, towards Spondon. To the east lies the open countryside of South Derbyshire and Elvaston Castle Country Park, a favourite place for picnics and lakeside walks. To the south, Boulton Moor stretches towards Chellaston and Aston-on-Trent. Perched on the edge of the settlement, on Stocker Flat and overlooking Boulton Moor may be found a maze of 1970s–1980s-built culs-de-sac and footpaths, leading to council and privately built homes.

Demography
At the 2011 census the population of Alvaston was 16,255 and is made up of approximately 50% females and 50% males. The average age of people in Alvaston is 37 (2011 Census). 87.5% of people living in Alvaston were born in England. Other top answers for country of birth were 1.1% Scotland, 0.9% India, 0.8% Ireland, 0.6% Jamaica, 0.5% Pakistan, 0.5% Philippines, 0.5% Northern Ireland, 0.5% Wales, 0.4% Zimbabwe. (2011 Census) 93.6% of people living in Alvaston speak English. The other top languages spoken are 1.6% Polish, 0.4% Panjabi, 0.4% Urdu, 0.4% Tagalog/Filipino, 0.3% Russian, 0.3% Czech, 0.2% Kurdish, 0.2% Latvian, 0.2% Italian. (2011 Census) The religious make up of Alvaston is 53.6% Christian, 34.0% No religion, 2.5% Muslim, 1.2% Sikh, 0.4% Hindu, 0.3% Buddhist, 0.1% Jewish. (2011 Census)

Economy
Alvaston is mainly residential. The main shopping centre of Alvaston can be found at the junction of the A6 London Road and the A5111 Derby Ring Road. Alvaston shopping centre holds a small number of chain and independent shops, including a men's barbers, and two card shops In recent years a lot of independent shops have closed down and have been replaced with many takeaways.

Culture and community
The main parks are Alvaston Park, Keldholme Lane Park and Kiwi Park.

Alvaston Park is a picturesque, riverside park covering 85 acres. As well as the sports facilities mentioned below, it has a lake with fishing and a model boat club, a science garden, play area and a new café. The park opened to the public in 1913 after William Curzon of Breedon Hall made some of his land available. It was landscaped by William Barron and Son of Borrowash – a firm founded by the young Scotsman who laid out the park at Elvaston Castle for Lord Harrington in 1830. A five-acre lake was added in 1923 but in 1934 it was found to be badly polluted and the town council had to urgently clear Cotton Brook to restore the water purity of the lake in time for the carnival. During the Second World War the park was used as a prisoner of war camp, part of which was for Germans and the other for Italians. The Italians worked in the fields of local farmers and the Germans worked at the ordnance depot on Sinfin Lane. A further 61.8 acres was added after the Second World War for use as playing fields.

Landmarks
Aside from the church, listed buildings in the village include Church Farm and its associated cottages on Church Street, which date to the early 16th or early 17th century. There is another Grade-II-listed farmhouse dating from the 18th century on Boulton Lane. The Poplars, in Ellastone Gardens, is a Grade-II Georgian building with an iron shield of arms on the side elevation.

Bus routes

 * ARRIVA – 1, 1A, 1C – Derby – Alvaston Circular including Pride Park
 * ARRIVA – 4 – Derby – Allenton - Alvaston Blue Peter
 * KINCHBUS – Skylink – Derby – Alvaston – East Midlands Airport – Loughborough – Leicester

Education
Alvaston has two secondary schools: Noel-Baker Academy and Alvaston Moor Academy. The suburb has several primary schools, Wyndham Primary Academy, notably Alvaston Junior Community School (AJCS), St John Fisher and Oakwood infant and junior school.

Religious sites
There are several churches, of Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, United Reformed and Roman Catholic denominations.

There are two Anglican churches: St Michael and All Angels' Church is at the heart of the old village of Alvaston, serving the ecclesiastical parish of Alvaston, which includes Boulton Moor; and Boulton St. Mary's Church which is thought to be of Norman origin.

Sport and recreation
There are recreation grounds on Field Lane and Elvaston Lane.

Alvaston & Boulton Cricket Club (est. 1857) is an English amateur cricket club that is based on the Raygar Ground, on the Raynesway bypass. Alvaston & Boulton have 4 Saturday senior XI teams that compete in the Derbyshire County Cricket League, and they became Premier league champions in 2000. The club have a mixed Development Team which takes part in the Derbyshire Cricket Foundation Competitions which are run by the club and a Womens team. Their junior section play competitive cricket in the Derby and District Youth League.

Charlie Keetley scored 80 goals for the football club in the 1926–27 season, before going on to play for Leeds and Bradford. Alvaston Park has a National Standard BMX track, which has hosted regional and national race meetings, as well as pitches and a skateboard park and adiZone outdoor gym. On 7 December 2009 the deputy mayor of Derby Councillor Fareed Hussain opened an outdoor gymnasium called the AdiZone and new changing rooms were opened on 2 May 2011.

Since 25 May 2019 Alvaston Park has hosted a weekly 5 km Parkrun.

Notable people

 * Mark Hateley, an England international footballer
 * Tony Hateley, a footballer who was Chelsea's record signing in 1966 and father of Mark
 * Craig Ramage, an Ex England U21 footballer who played for Derby County
 * Jordon Mutch, an England U21 footballer who plays for Crystal Palace
 * Jack O'Connell, an actor who has appeared in This Is England (2006), Skins (2009–10), and Unbroken (2014)
 * Steve Elliott, an England U21 footballer who played for Derby County
 * Christopher Jackson (geologist)

title: Alvaston


text: User talk:137.201.242.130

title: User talk:137.201.242.130


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User talk:CokeBear

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 ( t a l k )  23:33, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Andrea Yates Page
I don't know who added the unkind remark after my comment in the Andrea Yates discussion page, it certainly wasn't me! You were reacting to a vandal. I'm sorry that remark unsettled you. It unsettled me to find it.

I'm happy with the insanity verdict and the fact Andrea is now getting better treatment than she was in jail. Andrea had no idea what she was doing that day. She was lost in a psychotic de4lusion.

I feel terribly sorry she is NOW aware of what she's done. It amazes me that people who wanted her executed are at least glad she's now tormented by the reality of what she did. Their minor gratification contradicts the fact they says she was aware of it when she did it, and planned their deaths in that awareness. Why would she be tormented if it was what she wanted in her right mind? These people should hunt for the Frankenstein monster instead, and leave that tormented woman alone. Thomas Anderson 19:56, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Marysburgh vortex.
Good work here mate. You saved me from doing it - I'm wandering Wikipedia correcting all the nonsense about these mysterious triangles, of which there is very little evidence and much online garbage. You rock (if that's not too American)! Totnesmartin 21:20, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Laura Tennesssen
thanks so much for your editing and for your comment on the articles talk page - what you said is what i was trying to explain. so thanks for taking the time to edit the entry and write a talk page entry that is clear and makes better sense than i could. Lurgis 14:40, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Sunshine
Hi, you increased the word count in the Plot section of Sunshine (2007 film) from 686 words to 887 words. Per WP:MOSFILM, we need to keep the section minimal. I was wondering if you could possibly trim the wording in this section further? Your help would be appreciated! —Erik (talk • contrib) - 18:56, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * CokeBear, I don't want to alienate you from editing on Wikipedia. Let me explain about my involvement with Sunshine (2007 film) and Plot sections in general -- I have not had the opportunity to see the film, so I have not had a chance to digest the Plot section (as I want to rent the DVD and find out myself).  I just noticed that you had increased the word count of the section and was wondering if you could rewrite it to be less wordy.  A lot of unmaintained film articles tend to have excessive plot summaries, and I would just like to see this film article have a plot summary that covers all bases and meets the guideline well.  I'd do it myself, but I need to see the film.  If you improved the section, and I can't make that judgment as I want to avoid reading plot details, I appreciate that.  I just wanted to ask if you can improve it in a more concise manner.  If I came across as combative, I apologize, for that was not my intent.  Please let me know your thoughts on the matter. :) —Erik (talk • contrib) - 03:35, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Nice pickup on the wrong alkaline cell invention date
That had been wrong in the article I used as reference, but since Urry is credited, you are no doubt correct that 1949 is wrong. But is it really 1959? A better guess, but I'm still looking for a source. The incorrect data, BTW, is given in the Mary Bellis article given as cite at the end of Dry Cell. So I've gone to that page's bulletin board and left the author a note. So we'll get to the bottom of this! S B Harris 01:35, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

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title: User talk:CokeBear


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Roseland Peninsula

The Roseland Peninsula, or just Roseland, (Ros, meaning promontory) is a district of west Cornwall, England. Roseland is located in the south of the county and contains the town of St Mawes and villages such as St Just and Gerrans. It is a peninsula, separated from the remainder of Cornwall by the River Fal (on the east is the English Channel).

Where the peninsula begins continues to be a point of discussion amongst local historians and long-time Roseland inhabitants. The village of Tregony might be considered to be outside the Roseland. If travelling by road one enters the Roseland at the bottom of Tregony Hill by either driving up Reskivers Hill to take the road to St. Mawes and Gerrans, or by taking the lower road to Ruan Lanihorne. The Roseland Plan, a neighbourhood plan produced in 2015, defined Roseland as the areas of the civil parishes of St-Just-in-Roseland (which includes St Mawes), Gerrans, Philleigh, Ruanlanihorne and Veryan.

One of Britain's most infamous unsolved murders was committed on the peninsula in 1998. 41-year-old Lyn Bryant was randomly and repeatedly stabbed while walking her dog in Ruan High Lanes on 20 October 1998. Her attacker has never been identified despite one of the longest-running and largest ever investigations by Devon and Cornwall Police, although the killer's DNA was isolated in 2018. There remains a £10,000 reward for information leading to the capture of her killer.

Until 2021 there was a Roseland electoral division of Cornwall Council which also covered St Mawes, the population of which at the 2011 census was 3,375.

History and geography
In 1584 map maker John Norden wrote, 'The peninsula is called by the pretty name of Roseland, being derived from Rhos, the Celtic word for heath or gorse.' He goes on to say that, "Roseland is a circuit of land lying between the creek of Falmouth haven and the sea."
 * John Norden

Lake's Parochial History of the County of Cornwall (1870) includes Revd John Whitaker’s discussion of the Roseland when dealing with Philleigh parish. He notes that the villages of Veryan and Ruanlanihorne each has its church in a valley, the area which would have been inhabited first as the valleys were more sheltered and benefited from soil washed down from the hillsides. At the top of the hills lay an extensive heath (or rhos/rôs).
 * John Whitaker

Whitaker believed that the area was first named 'Roseland' when the English came to settle in 936. The parish of Philleigh was carved out of the parish of Ruanlanihorne and was originally called Eglos-rôs. Two fields were tithable in common between Ruanlanihorne and Philleigh (Higher and Lower Congier) which he claims proves the two parishes were once one. According to Hals (in Lake’s Parochial History) St Just in Roseland was rated under the jurisdiction of Eglos-rôs (Philleigh) in the Domesday Book.

From this it seems reasonable to assume that the first people to use the term ‘Roseland’ understood it to cover the parishes which contained the ‘rhos/rôs ’, so the parishes of Veryan, Ruanlanihorne and Philleigh have a good claim to be part of the Roseland.

So it seems to make sense to regard the Roseland as starting at Daddiport Bridge at the foot of Reskivers Hill. The stream which comes down the hillside to Daddiport Bridge is the boundary between Veryan and Tregony parishes, thus continuing the water boundary of the peninsula. That is the way locals now see the Roseland Peninsula.

In The Roseland: between River and Sea, Laurence O'Toole described it rather differently, including the parishes of Gerrans, St Anthony in Roseland, St Just, and St Mawes and so only taking the parishes that protrude on that thin arm of the land.
 * 20th century writers

Place House at St Anthony was the seat of the Spry family for several hundred years. It has been enviously described by Joe Bennett in his travel book Mustn't Grumble, 2006.

 * Murder of Lyn Bryant

In a highly publicised case, a 41-year-old local woman named Lyn Bryant was murdered while out walking her dog on the peninsula near Ruan High Lanes on 20 October 1998. The murder featured heavily in the press, media and on Crimewatch, but her attacker has never been identified and the murder remains one of the highest profile unsolved murders in the UK. At the time, police believed that her random and apparently motiveless killing might be linked to the murder of 14-year-old Kate Bushell in another rural lane in Exeter one year previously. Both had been randomly killed with knives while out walking their dogs down isolated lanes in the south west.

An unknown man had been seen talking to Bryant by Ruan Methodist Church that afternoon, only minutes before she was murdered only 100 yards (91 meters) away. Earlier in the day a different man with a full beard in a small white van (who was apparently not local) had also been seen following her in her car. In 2018, a DNA profile of Bryant's attacker was identified. The investigation into her death is one of the largest ever conducted by Devon and Cornwall Police and had cost nearly £2 million by 2018. There remains a £10,000 reward for information leading to the capture of her killer.

Film and television
Channel 4's 1992 series The Camomile Lawn, adapted from Mary Wesley's novel, was shot at the National Trust property Broom Parc on the Roseland Peninsula. The series starred Felicity Kendal, Paul Eddington, Claire Bloom, Jennifer Ehle & Rebecca Hall and was directed by Sir Peter Hall.

The 2009 film documentary And Did Those Feet suggests that Jesus Christ may have visited the Roseland Peninsula. The legend of Christ's visit to England is depicted in William Blake's poem "And did those feet in ancient time".

title: Roseland Peninsula


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South Beach (1993 TV series)

South Beach is an American action/adventure television series that aired on NBC from June 6 to August 12, 1993, during the summer of 1993. The series was created by Dick Wolf and Robert DeLaurentis and starred Yancy Butler, who had been the lead actress a year earlier in another failed Wolf/DeLaurentis series, Mann & Machine.

Set in South Beach, Florida, the Modesty Blaise-inspired storyline had Butler playing Kate Patrick, a thief who, along with her partner Vernon, is given the choice of going to jail or working for a government agency run by a man named Roberts (played by John Glover). The series saw Kate and Vernon (played by Eagle-Eye Cherry) take on various missions for Roberts, which usually called on the duo to make use of their skills as thieves. The series also co-starred Patti D'Arbanville. The first episode guest-starred the British actor, Christopher Bowen as Dimitriev.

Seven episodes were produced of this series, but only six were aired.

Cast

 * Yancy Butler as Kate Patrick
 * John Glover as Roberts
 * Patti D'Arbanville as Roxanne
 * Eagle-Eye Cherry as Vernon
 * Donna Rae Allen as Winona Donnelly

title: South Beach (1993 TV series)


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Stephen Gately

Stephen Patrick David Gately (17 March 1976 – 10 October 2009) was an Irish singer, who, with Ronan Keating, was co-lead singer of the pop group Boyzone; all of Boyzone's studio albums during Gately's lifetime hit number one in the United Kingdom, their third being their most successful internationally. With Boyzone, Gately had a record-breaking sixteen consecutive singles enter the top five of the UK Singles Chart. He performed for millions of fans globally. He released a solo album in 2000, after the group's initial break-up, which charted in the UK top ten and yielded three UK hit singles, including the top three hit "New Beginning". Gately went on to appear variously in stage productions and on television programmes as well as contributing songs to various projects. In 2008, he rejoined his colleagues as Boyzone reformed for a series of concerts and recordings.

Gately made his sexuality known in 1999 and came out to publicity. He married Andrew Cowles, first in a commitment ceremony in Las Vegas in 2003 and more formally in a civil partnership ceremony in London in 2006. Upon Boyzone's reformation, Gately featured as part of the first gay couple in a boyband music video for "Better", in what was to be his last with the band. Gately died of a congenital heart defect in a flat that he and Cowles owned in Mallorca, Spain, in 2009. Brian Boyd in The Irish Times stated: "Stephen Gately's death represents the first time that the boyband genre has had to deal with such a tragic situation". Tim Teeman of The Times (UK) heralded Gately as a hero of gay rights for his response to being "smoked out of the closet".

Early life and family
Gately grew up in relative poverty in the working-class Sheriff Street area of Dublin. He was the fourth of five children; his father Martin was a former decorator and his mother, Margaret (born 1949) a cleaner. His siblings are Michelle, Tony, Alan and Mark. He was particularly close to sister Michelle throughout his life. Gately's father had an accident as a result of which he had to be hospitalised for three months from September 2004. His mother then took over as full-time carer. Gately attended primary school at St Laurence O'Toole's and secondary school at North Strand Technical College. As a teenager he appeared in various musicals and theatre performances at school, such as Juno and the Paycock. He was estranged from his parents for years, but reconciled with them in 2008 and visited them with Andrew Cowles that year.

Boyzone
Gately joined Boyzone upon their formation in 1993. The group became known in Ireland after an infamous appearance on The Late Late Show that year, which presenter Gay Byrne dismissed—although he later concluded: "They certainly had the last laugh on us". Boyzone's first success outside Ireland was when the song "Love Me for a Reason" reached number two in the UK Singles Chart in 1995. The group split suddenly following a string of performances in Dublin's Point Theatre in 2000. By the time Boyzone originally rested the band, they had achieved six number ones on the UK Singles Chart. They were considered a major pop band of the 1990s and had a much publicised rivalry with UK boy band Take That, even selling more singles than them. Gately shared the majority of lead vocal work with Ronan Keating.

A February appearance at the 2008 Meteor Awards relaunched the reformed Boyzone, with touring taking place throughout 2008. After his death, manager Louis Walsh described Gately as "the glue in Boyzone, he kept them all together". Keating informed the congregation at Gately's funeral that he had nicknames for them all; "the campest straight band in the world"—Rosaleen, Michaela, Kitty, Shanice and Stephanie.

Solo career
After success with Boyzone, the band decided in 2000 to move on to solo projects. Gately was the second, with his debut solo single, "New Beginning", released on 29 May 2000. The single reached number three in the UK charts.

Two weeks later the album New Beginning was released and entered the charts. The album included twelve tracks including a version of the classic "Bright Eyes", which he recorded for the soundtrack to the TV version of Watership Down. He also voiced one of the characters in the series, Blackavar, which was created to look like him. His character only spoke for 3 episodes, before becoming a background character.

The second single taken from the album was "I Believe". Released on 2 October 2000, this song also featured on the soundtrack to the film Billy Elliot. The single just missed the UK top ten, peaking at number eleven. He attended the premieres of the film both at the Edinburgh Film Festival and at the Empire, Leicester Square, along with the stars of the film, Julie Walters and Jamie Bell. In May 2001, Gately's third single, "Stay", was released and reached number thirteen in the UK chart. That month, with his single still in the charts, his record company Polydor dropped him from their label.

Boyzone's reformation
In 2008 following his solo career and various bouts of acting and television appearances, Gately rejoined his old colleagues when Boyzone reformed, following the success of revived contemporaries Take That. Gately had been the most eager to reform and urged his bandmates to come together again. They sold out two more tours of the United Kingdom.

Boyzone released a brand new single, "Love You Anyway", followed by a new compilation album in October 2008. December 2008 saw the release of a second new single, "Better". The video for the song generated controversy, as scenes depicting romantic couples included a shot of two men embracing, in an inclusive nod to Gately's homosexuality. The group unanimously agreed that Gately should be allowed to pair with a male actor. It was condemned by, among others, the minister of the Dromore Reformed Presbyterian Church. Others, however, cite that milestone as among the reasons why Gately is a "gay rights hero". Wrote Tim Teeman of the Times Online, "Gately showed that an unflamboyant guy could be a pop star and gay...the real shame should be reserved for those managers and showbusiness power-brokers who practise that kind of discrimination, and also maintain the closet, to line their pockets."

At the time of Gately's death the group had selected thirty songs which they intended to record for a new album to be released in 2010. This was to have been followed by a tour.

Gately's vocals featured on Boyzone's final album, in a song called "I Can Dream". A video of the song was released on 15 June 2018, featuring images of Gately and Boyzone. The album was released on 16 November 2018.

Acting and television
In December 2002, Gately took the lead role in Bill Kenwright's new production of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, which previewed in Oxford in December 2002 before moving to Liverpool over Christmas 2002 and finally to London's West End and the New London Theatre in Drury Lane in February 2003. From September 2004 until March 2005 Gately played the Child Catcher in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang at the London Palladium.

In 2001 he made a cameo as himself in the fourth series of BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous, in that series' opening episode "Parralox".

Gately made his pantomime debut at the Churchill Theatre in Bromley in December 2005 starring as Dandini in Cinderella. In April 2006 he took on the role of The Scarecrow in The Wizard of Oz at the Marlowe Theatre, Canterbury.

Gately also took part in Channel Five's All Star Talent Show in October 2006, performing the slice and dice magic trick which he only had a week to learn, coming second to Toby Anstis. He was also in the second series of ITV's Dancing on Ice with his dancing partner Kristina Lenko. They went out in eighth place on 10 February 2007.

In January 2007, Gately was heard in "Horror of Glam Rock", a Doctor Who audio drama produced by Big Finish Productions for BBC7. For this audio play, Gately recorded an original song, "Children of Tomorrow", with music by Tim Sutton and lyrics by Barnaby Edwards; this was his first solo track since 2001.

In September 2007, Gately began touring the UK in an 11-week run of Stephen Schwartz's rock musical Godspell but withdrew from the production after just three weeks for contractual reasons.

In 2008, Gately appeared in the independent horror film, Credo, which was released in the United States as Devil's Curse.

Philanthropy
Gately was a vice patron of the charity Missing People (formerly National Missing Persons Helpline), supporting their Runaway Helpline service for young people. He was an ambassador for the Caudwell Children Charity in Stoke and on one occasion gave a private Christmas performance, raising thousands of pounds. Gately's family requested that donations be given to the charity instead of flowers sent to them after his death in 2009. This in turn raised thousands more pounds. On one visit to a hospital he met a terminally ill child who admired the jacket he was wearing, and Gately allowed her to have it.

Writing
During the three years prior to his death, Gately had been writing a children's fantasy novel called The Tree of Seasons. In an April 2009 interview with the Press Association he declared that he was nearly finished, had publisher interest, and hoped for a Christmas 2009 release. Boyzone bandmate Ronan Keating promised at Gately's funeral that "by hook or by crook" the book would be finished.

The Tree of Seasons was written in collaboration with June Considine and Jules Williams. Based on Gately's handwritten notes – the day he died he had just worked out the ending. The book released in the UK and Ireland on 13 May 2010, published by Hodder & Stoughton. It contains a foreword by Elton John and David Furnish, and is illustrated by Keith Wilson. The Tree of Seasons remained a bestseller and a top-ten seller for three consecutive weeks. The paperback version was released in April 2011.

Personal life
Gately came out as gay in 1999 after discovering that an acquaintance was about to sell the details of his sexuality to the media.

From 2000 to 2002, Gately suffered from depression and addiction to prescription drugs.

Gately started dating Andrew Cowles, an internet businessman who had been introduced to him by mutual friends Elton John and David Furnish. Gately and Cowles held a commitment ceremony in a wedding chapel while on holiday in Las Vegas in 2003. On 19 March 2006, Gately entered into a civil partnership with Cowles in a ceremony in London. The couple lived together in the north London village of Highgate. Gately spoke of his love for the village, saying he "wouldn't move away for the world. It has a great vibe and the people here are brilliant". In July 2009, their home was broken into by thieves who took £80,000 of items, including a prized Rolex watch which Gately had purchased with his first pay cheque. Gately was based in London for the rest of his life.

His manager Louis Walsh was unaware of Gately's sexuality when he selected him for Boyzone and has said that, had he known, he would have thought twice before picking him, claiming less than a year before his death that "it wasn't cool then to have a gay guy in a band". After the singer's death, Walsh described Gately as his "very, very best friend", saying: "Of all the people I've worked with I don't think anybody thanked me as much as Stephen. He used to always say to me, 'If I wasn't in Boyzone I don't know where I'd be today, thank you'".

Gately's idol was Michael Jackson, whom he met at RDS Arena in 1997 when Jackson was embarking on his HIStory World Tour. Jackson died three and a half months prior to Gately's death.

Death
Gately died at his home in Port d'Andratx, Mallorca, early on 10 October 2009. His body was discovered later in the morning. His death was later determined to have been caused by a pulmonary oedema resulting from an undiagnosed heart condition.

Gately had spent the evening with his partner Cowles at the Black Cat club in Mallorca's capital, Palma. They returned home with a man that they had met that night, Bulgarian national Georgi Dochev. Dochev stayed in the spare bedroom. According to Dochev, he discovered Gately's body lying on a sofa as he was about to leave. He woke Cowles, who was sleeping alone in the couple's bedroom. However, Gately's solicitor and family friend, Gerald Kean, insisted Cowles was the one who found Gately's body. Spanish police were alerted at 1:45 pm by Cowles, after he had tried to revive Gately. Gately was squatting in an awkward position on the sofa, dressed in his pyjamas. Police said they had no reason to believe the death was related to abuse of substances, and no suicide note or signs of violence were found on his body.

Gately's bandmates flew to Mallorca on 11 October 2009. The remaining members of Boyzone, Keith Duffy, Michael Graham, Ronan Keating, and Shane Lynch, issued a joint statement: "We are completely devastated by the loss of our friend and brother, Stephen. We have shared such wonderful times together over the years and were all looking forward to sharing many more. Stephen was a beautiful person in both body and spirit. He lit up our lives and those of the many friends he had all over the world. Our love and sympathy go out to Andrew and Stephen's family. We love you and will miss you forever, 'Steo'."A post-mortem and toxicology tests took place on 13 October and this examination showed that Gately died of natural causes. His death was a result of a congenital heart defect.

On 16 October, accompanied by the four remaining members of Boyzone, his body was brought from Mallorca to Dublin where his funeral took place at the Church of St Laurence O'Toole the following day. The four surviving members of Boyzone maintained an overnight vigil in the church the night before. Thousands of fans, celebrities, and politicians were in attendance at the funeral. Fans had travelled from as far as South Africa, and Taiwan to attend the funeral. He was cremated in a private ceremony later that afternoon. Gately's coffin was carried into and out of the church by his bandmates, and during the service Ronan Keating gave an emotional eulogy, during which he broke down several times and apologised to the congregation. Keith Duffy reminisced on the early days: "He told Louis [Walsh] he was 5ft 7in (170 cm). When he auditioned for The Hobbit later on, he said he was 5ft 3in (160 cm). But he was a true giant of a man". Michael Graham said Gately had only told him the previous week how much he loved Cowles, adding: "When he came out, he finally became himself". The funeral clashed with the wedding of a niece of Bertie Ahern and several of her guests defected to the funeral instead.

Reaction
Fans responded with messages of sympathy on Twitter and Facebook. Thousands of pounds have been donated by fans to a Stoke-based children's charity which Gately had endorsed. Searches for "Stephen Gately" was said to have "risen exponentially" and remained at the top for several days after the singer's death and was later confirmed as being the most searched for topic on Google's UK site in 2009. The search term "Boyzone" also ranked highly, being separated from "Stephen Gately" only by second-placed searches for "Nobel Peace Prize" following the announcement of the award to US President Barack Obama. Boyzone's record catalogue was propelled back into the music charts. The single "No Matter What", on which Gately is a prominent vocalist, received heavy play on radio.

Boyzone's former manager Louis Walsh is quoted as saying: "We're all absolutely devastated. I'm in complete shock. I was only with him on Monday at an awards ceremony. We don't know much about what's happened yet. I only heard after The X Factor (UK television talent show on which Walsh is a judge) and we will rally around each other this week. He was a great man." Walsh dropped out of the live results show of The X Factor on 11 October 2009 as a direct result of Gately's death. Simon Cowell addressed the issue at the start of the programme. He said: "This is really, really tragic news I want to send out my condolences to the family, our thoughts are with Louis". That edition of the show attracted an "absolutely huge" audience which was said to have been seeking updates on the singer's death. Walsh also was absent from the second week of The X Factor which coincided with Gately's funeral,  —later commenting: "I never want to watch the show at home again. I've been shouting at the TV all night" —at which Walsh was too upset to speak. My First Time, a stage show which was set to star bandmember Keith Duffy, was cancelled entirely. The four surviving members of Boyzone had memorial tattoos  inked on their bodies when they brought Gately's body home. Graham, Keating and Lynch also had "76 09" (Gately's birth and death years) written with their memorial tattoos,  while Duffy had "Steo, Riposa in pace" (Italian for "Rest in peace") written with his memorial tattoo.

Irish boy band Westlife said: "We are, like everyone else, in shock today. We met Stephen Gately back in 1998 when we first started out and since then had the pleasure of meeting him many times. Himself and the Boyzone lads paved the way for us as a band. Our thoughts are with Andy and the rest of his family, his friends, his legions of fans and of course his bandmates Keith, Mikey, Shane and Ronan who will be devastated at the loss of a truly beautiful person." Former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern said: "It's so sad. Boyzone and Stephen, they've all been part of Irish life and far wider than that, the last 15 years, and so successful, so it's a huge, huge tragedy. He was 33 years of age, 15 years at the top, a fine musician, it's just a huge tragedy to Irish entertainment, Irish music and further afield as well". Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism Martin Cullen paid tribute: "Stephen Gately was a gifted young man with a talent for singing which brought him tremendous success as a member of Boyzone and also as a West End star. There was a joy about his music making, and his death at such a young age is both a personal and professional loss". Andrew Lloyd Webber said it is "a great loss to the musical world". Elton John said he and his partner David Furnish were "stunned" when they heard the news. Katherine Jenkins twittered of "memories 2 cherish" from a night out in the weeks leading up to his death. Stephen Fry described Gately's demise as "a dreadful shock". "This was not supposed to happen. This was not in the script", said music historian Paul Gambaccini.

UK television personality Paul O'Grady said he was "haunted" by Gately's death and based his decision to move back to ITV from Channel 4 on a phone call with Louis Walsh during which they discussed Gately's death. Bono later paid tribute to Gately during U2's U2 360° Tour worldwide concerts.

After winning the 2009 PDC World Darts Grand Prix, Phil Taylor dedicated the trophy to Gately after beating Raymond Van Barneveld 6-3 in the final.

Daily Mail article
An article by Jan Moir in the Daily Mail on 16 October 2009 claimed: "Healthy and fit 33-year-old men do not just climb into their pyjamas and go to sleep on the sofa, never to wake up again. Whatever the cause of death is, it is not, by any yardstick, a natural one." She suggested that drugs and a "dangerous lifestyle" were to blame for Gately's death.

Moir's article resulted in over 25,000 complaints to the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) that day, causing its site to crash for several hours. Derren Brown and Stephen Fry used Twitter to front an online campaign against the Daily Mail and Jan Moir throughout the afternoon and a Facebook page was set up urging followers to complain to the brands whose advertisements featured alongside the article. Fry wrote, "I gather a repulsive nobody writing in a paper no one of any decency would be seen dead with has written something loathesome and inhumane". Brown wrote, "If Gateley's [sic] passing causes today's kind of gutter-journalism to be held to account, we can perhaps take that as a tribute". Father Ted and The IT Crowd writer Graham Linehan called for a complete boycott of the Daily Mail, tweeting "Which brands advertise in the Mail? Are they aware of Jan Moir's piece?...what are they going to do about it?". Details of companies with advertisements on the same web page as Moir's article were posted on a specially established Facebook page named "The Daily Mail should retract Jan Moir's hateful, homophobic article". According to The Guardian details about where Moir lived were posted on the Internet and a false rumour that the Daily Mail had reported Cowles as Gately's murderer was repeated on Twitter.

The matter became serious enough for retailer Marks & Spencer to request the newspaper to remove an advertisement for its services from anywhere near the vicinity of the article, with the company issuing a statement which read: "Marks & Spencer does not tolerate any form of discrimination". Nestlé also disassociated themselves with the article, saying Moir's words contradicted the company's values of "mutual respect and tolerance, regardless of culture, religion or nationality". The company's Nescafé brand was featured alongside the article.

The Daily Mail then removed all advertising from the online version of the article. The publication also attempted to alter the original headline but this succeeded only in provoking the public further. Moir responded to the controversy by criticising what she claimed was "clearly a heavily orchestrated internet campaign" and said it was "mischievous in the extreme to suggest that my article has homophobic and bigoted undertones".

The Guardian's Charlie Brooker, while "struggling to absorb the sheer scope of [Moir's] hateful idiocy", accused her of "dancing" on Gately's grave before he had even been buried. Caitlin Moran of The Times said the article was "vile". The editor of UK gay magazine Attitude questioned why Moir linked Gately's death with the recent suicide of the former partner of comedian Matt Lucas, asking "If that's not homophobic, what is homophobia?" The Daily Telegraph's Damian Thompson said "Moir's reputation is in tatters this evening". The PCC contacted the Gately family and investigated if they had received a formal complaint from them, but stated they were not in a position to act directly on complaints from members of the public. A PCC spokesman said "We're trying to work out what the complaints are. Offensiveness is not within the remit of the PCC – we deal with accuracy and intrusion." However, the column featured only in the British version of the newspaper, being removed from the Irish Daily Mail and replaced instead by positive tributes to the singer's life. According to Sky News, the Gatelys "are aware of the article, they have not read it, they will not read it, but they know what is contained in it and they know the sentiment" and "are just very, very disappointed".

In Ireland itself, former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern said, "Some of the [British] papers were waiting to write some sensational piece about him ... I can never understand why people just don't leave things simple" and one radio station owner, who called on people to write to the Mail to express their disagreement, commented, "We are all very very insulted by that coverage. ... I certainly hope the Irish people force that newspaper's editor to apologise for the great hurt caused by that article". Scotland Yard received a complaint. Gately's record company also issued a complaint to the PCC. The PCC did not uphold the complaint, stating: "It found the article caused some offence but there was insufficient evidence it breached the law". Tony Connell, CPS London complex casework lawyer, said: "In coming to this conclusion I have paid particular attention to Article 10 of the Human Rights Act which protects individuals' freedom of expression. It is an established legal principle that this freedom applies equally to information and ideas that are favourably received as to those which offend, shock and disturb. Though the complainants and many others found this article offensive, this does not make its publication unlawful."

Legacy
In September 2020, Dublin City Council agreed to name "Stephen Gately Park" after the singer.

With Boyzone

 * Said and Done (1995)
 * A Different Beat (1996)
 * Where We Belong (1998)

Solo

 * Albums

 * Singles

Books

 * The Tree of Seasons (2010)

title: Stephen Gately


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Category:Liberal leaders in the United States

Category:Liberal leaders in the United States
This category seems like a bad idea to me. Who is "liberal" and who isn't? Even if we know who's a liberal, who are the "leaders"? It's all POV. (It seems to me that the entire Category:Liberal leaders and all sub-cats are bad ideas, but that's another topic.)   – Quadell (talk) (quiz)   20:10, Sep 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * I am against deletion. I am ready to make an introduction at the category page to explain. It could help people around the world to find out which liberal leaders were or are present in other countries. I am certeainly interested to find out what more or less liberal leaders around the world did. -- Gangulf 22:00, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree that it is interesting and useful. The problem is, no one can tell you definitively who the liberal leaders are; they can only tell you is a liberal leader in their opinion.
 * For instance, one person might think Dennis Kucinich is a liberal leader, since he would clearly call himself a liberal, and he ran for president. But others will say he's a mere House member who never had a chance of winning the presidency, so he's no leader at all. Some will say John Kerry is a liberal leader, since he's the Democratic nominee for president. Others will say he's more moderate than liberal. How about Ralph Nader? Some say he's more liberal that Ted Kennedy; others note that he's running as a member of the Reform Party, which advocates stricter border control and some other conservative positions, and most liberal organization oppose Nader's run at this point. (I don't want to debate any of these points here, by the way. I just want to show how debatable they are.)
 * I know that some people put a lot of work into the various Liberal Leaders categories, and I feel bad that it will all go to waste, but it's just not NPOV, and can't ever be.   – Quadell (talk) (quiz)   18:43, Sep 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, the terms liberal and conservative are not fact and they are not night and day. -- KneeLess 23:55, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, the category has now an introduction which makes it more NPOV. I think it still possible to keep it.
 * Delete: are libertarians liberal? are all Democrats not named Zell Miller liberal? and just who determines who is or is not a leader? too vague. -Sean Curtin 23:48, Sep 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Liberal" has meant too many things to too many people to be useful as a classification.  One of my friends likes to shock people by saying that Nixon was the last true liberal president, and by classical standards of liberalism, he's arguably correct.  I don't think "leader" has much content to it for classification purposes, either.  Delete this, Category:Liberal leaders, and any other subcats thereof.  Postdlf 00:56, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inherently POV/ambigous. Andris 07:28, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Liberal means too many different things to different people to make any sort of coherent category. If at all, this might be better approached through an annotated list. older ≠ wiser 02:00, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. How can one objectively define "liberal" and "leader? [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 18:53, Sep 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * D hopelessly vague. Wolfman 21:43, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)


text:
Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant

Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs) are a class of psychiatric drugs used primarily as antidepressants. They act by antagonizing the α2-adrenergic receptor and certain serotonin receptors such as 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C, but also 5-HT3, 5-HT6, and/or 5-HT7 in some cases. By blocking α2-adrenergic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, NaSSAs enhance adrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the brain involved in mood regulation, notably 5-HT1A-mediated transmission. In addition, due to their blockade of certain serotonin receptors, serotonergic neurotransmission is not facilitated in unwanted areas, which prevents the incidence of many side effects often associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants; hence, in part, the "specific serotonergic" label of NaSSAs.

List of NaSSAs
The NaSSAs include the following agents:

 * Aptazapine (CGS-7525A)
 * Esmirtazapine (ORG-50,081)
 * Mianserin (Bolvidon, Norval, Tolvon)
 * Mirtazapine (Norset, Remeron, Avanza, Zispin)
 * Setiptiline/teciptiline (Tecipul)

Notably, all of these compounds are analogues and are also classified as tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) based on their chemical structures.

S32212, a structurally novel NaSSA with an improved selectivity profile (e.g., no antihistamine effects, etc.), was reported in 2012. It has completed preliminary preclinical research and may go on to undergo clinical trials.


text:
Category:Soap opera producers

This category is for people who have been the executive producer of one or more soap operas.

title: Category:Soap opera producers