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Belfast Giants

The Belfast Giants (known officially as the Stena Line Belfast Giants due to sponsorship) are a professional ice hockey team based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. They compete in the UK's Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL) and are the current champions for the 7th time in their history. They play their home games at the SSE Arena (formerly known as the Odyssey Arena). Since their inception in 2000, the Giants have won fourteen major honours, including seven British league championships, three British championships by winning the play-offs, and five Challenge Cups.

History
The Stena line Belfast giants have a very interesting history. The biggest moment in the teams history would be winning the treble in the 2022-23 season. Then won the league, The league playoffs against The Cardiff Devils and The challenge cup against the Fife Flyers. They were lead to victory by head coach Adam Keefe who played for he Giants.

Background
The Belfast Giants Ltd. was founded in 1997 by two Canadian businessmen, Bob Zeller and his associate Albert Maasland, after Zeller was in talks with the British Ice Hockey Superleague (BISL) to launch a new franchise in the United Kingdom. The city of Belfast was chosen, with its new £92 million Millennium Commission project, the Odyssey Complex, due to be completed with the addition of a deal brokered between the Odyssey Trust and facility management company SMG to house the new hockey team in the arena. On 22 March 2000, the BISL confirmed that the Belfast Giants had been accepted into the league to begin play in September for the 2000-01 season.

In order to build a competitive roster for the new club, Bob Zeller approached Bracknell Bees championship-winning head coach Dave Whistle to become the first head coach of the Belfast Giants. Initially, Whistle was sceptical, deterred by having seen the violent footage of The Troubles on North American news media. In response, Zeller invited Whistle to visit Belfast and experience the changing city first-hand. Following his visit, Whistle agreed on a 3-year deal to coach the Giants. Whistle's roster recruitment began by looking toward his championship team in Bracknell, signing seven core players from that team to build upon in Belfast: Shane Johnson, Todd Kelman, Rob Stewart, Todd Goodwin, Kevin Riehl, Paxton Schulte, and Colin Ward. The captaincy was awarded to incumbent signing Jeff Hoad, with assistants Jason Bowen and Colin Ward.

Inaugural season
The beginning of the inaugural Giants season was marred with difficulties as the opening of the Odyssey Arena was delayed until early December 2000. This meant that the Giants were forced to play their first 15 games of the season on the road, without consistent ice-time for training or practice. Regardless, the Giants made their debut on 16 September 2000 against the Nottingham Panthers losing 5–1, with Kory Karlander scoring the club's first ever goal. The next evening, the Giants would travel to Bracknell in an unwelcome return for Whistle and his former Bees core. The Giants came out on top 6-5 after a shoot-out for their first ever win. However, the Giants would win only 4 out of 15 games to start the year.

Finally, the Giants played their first home game against the Ayr Scottish Eagles on 2 December 2000 to a sell-out crowd of 7,300 in what Whistle described as an "awesome spectacle" despite a 2–1 defeat. In the first period, Paxton Schulte would score the only goal for the Giants and fought Trevor Doyle shortly after, cementing his overnight status as a cult player for the hometown fans. The home ice proved to instigate a turn in fortune for the Giants mid-way through the season, playing in front of a consistently sold-out Odyssey Arena. The Giants would finish the season with a respectable 17-16-6-9 record, finishing in 6th place, and progressing into Group A of the playoffs to then be knocked out with a 3–3 record. The Giants saw more success in the Challenge Cup, finishing 1st in the group stage to progress to the two-leg semi-final against the Sheffield Steelers. The Giants won the first leg, 2–1, and lost the second leg, 7–0, for an 8-2 aggregate loss.

Championship
Dave Whistle re-signed ten members of the original line-up for the Giants second season, adding only six to the new roster; defencemen Chad Allan and Terran Sandwith, forwards Curt Bowen, Dave Matsos and Jason Ruff, and Mike Bales in goal. Jeff Hoad, Jason Bowen, and Colin Ward would retain their roles as captain and assistant captains respectively, to be joined by Sandwith as a third assistant captain. The season began with an exhibition tournament, the BT Ice Cup, hosted by the Giants with invitations to the London Knights, Eisbären Berlin, and the Frankfurt Lions.

In their first league game, the Giants suffered a 9–3 defeat to the London Knights. This would be followed by a succession of sub-par performance on the road. By late September, Whistle decided to bring in centre Sean Berens to bolster the Giants offence. Berens' arrival and subsequent placement on the first line with Riehl and Ruff would prove a catalyst for the Giants' success to come. The Giants would go on a 9-game unbeaten streak shortly thereafter, which was broken by two losses, the first away in London and the second at home to the Nottingham Panthers on 16 October, which would be their last home defeat of the season. The Giants would then win 7–2 at home against Ayr to gain 1st place, where the team would remain for the rest of the season.

Following a 4–1 win at Sheffield on 17 January 2001, the Giants travelled to Bracknell needing only 1 point to win the league. On the 19th January, in a poetic return to Bracknell for Whistle and his former Bees core, the Giants would force a 2–2 draw with the home side to clinch their first ever championship with a league record-breaking 16-game unbeaten streak. Upon their arrival back in Belfast, the Giants were welcomed at Belfast City Airport by over one thousand boisterous fans. Unfortunately the Giants would struggle with a championship hangover as the team botched come playoff time, not making it past the qualification group. The Giants would, however, advance to the Challenge Cup final for the first time in their history, only to be stifled 5-0 by the Scottish Eagles. That particular match became known amongst fans of the Belfast Giants at that time as 'Black Sunday' A reference to the jersey worn by the team during the match, introduced for the occasion of their inaugural Challenge cup as well as the day it was played on and the heavy defeat by a team that had suffered crushing losses to them during the regular season. Hockey fans who watched that game and also watched the Winter Olympics Men's Ice Hockey final later on/in the early hours of the next day would have seen Theo Fleury, a later Giants signing receive his gold medal as part of the winning team.

Playoff title and Superleague demise
With the eventual demise of the Superleague in mid-2003, there were concerns that the Giants organisation would not survive because of developing financial issues. The club ran up debts of approximately £1.4 million, with Maasland saying that the Giants were "by far and away the worst business [he had] been involved in". One partner company was believed to be owed nearly £65,000. However, facing the threat of liquidation, creditors voted to accept a 20p-to-the-pound pay-out, allowing the club to continue under new ownership of local businessman Jim Gillespie and join the newly established first-tier of British ice hockey dubbed the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL).

Elite League era (2003-present)
The Belfast Giants have won six EIHL regular season titles - the most recent of which came during the 2022-23 campaign, five Challenge Cup titles (including in 2017–18, 2018–19, 2021–22 and 2022–23), and two play-off championships.

Belfast Giants were added to EA Sports' NHL 20 game, enabling players to take control of the Giants in the Champions Hockey League.

The 2019–20 EIHL season was cancelled on 13 March 2020 with the remaining league fixtures and subsequent play-offs scrapped due to the coronavirus pandemic. The Challenge Cup was the only competition to see a winner crowned.

The 2020–21 Elite League season - originally pencilled in for a revised start date of 5 December - was suspended on 15 September 2020, because of ongoing uncertainty over coronavirus pandemic restrictions. The EIHL board determined that the season was non-viable without supporters being permitted to attend matches and unanimously agreed to a suspension. The season was cancelled completely in February 2021.

In March 2022, the Belfast Giants won their fourth Challenge Cup title after beating the Cardiff Devils 3–2 in overtime at the SSE Arena. The victory made head coach Adam Keefe the most successful in Giants history. The Giants then clinched the 2021–22 Elite League title in April, after a 2-1 shootout victory over the Sheffield Steelers. However they missed out on the treble after losing the 2022 EIHL play-off final 6-3 to the Cardiff Devils.

Treble winners
The Belfast Giants won their fifth Challenge Cup in March 2023 following a 9-3 victory against the Fife Flyers in a sold out SSE Arena. The following month they clinched the 2022–23 Elite League title with a 6-1 victory against the Guildford Flames, thus making them the most successful team in the Elite League era as of 2023. They then completed the Elite League grand slam with a 4-1 victory over Cardiff in the play-off final - becoming the first team to win all three domestic trophies in the same season since Nottingham in 2013.

Logos and uniforms
Since 2000 the Giants' main logo has depicted a stylized version of the mythical warrior Finn McCool, who is commonly portrayed as a giant in popular folklore. The original logo had Finn brandishing a hockey stick with the Giants' wordmark in the foreground. The inaugural Giants uniforms featured white home jerseys with red and teal striping, matching socks, and black shorts. The inaugural away jerseys featured their now famous teal with red and white striping, matching socks, and black shorts.

For the 2001–02 season the Giants introduced red jerseys with teal and white striping for the BT Ice Cup, and black jerseys with teal and red striping for the Challenge Cup.

In 2002–03, the Giants altered their home jerseys to feature red shoulder piping with teal and black stripes.

For 2004–05 the Giants replaced the red shoulder piping with black piping on home jerseys and changed away jerseys to mirror these except with teal as the primary colour.

Ahead of the 2021–22 EIHL season, the Giants unveiled a refreshed primary logo and alteration to the club's home, away and Challenge Cup jerseys.

Arena
One corner of the SSE Arena has been dubbed 'Boomerang Corner' – named in memory of long time Giants fan, Stewart Boone – and was left unreserved for a large group of fans who generate noise, bang drums, and start game night chants until the 2022–23 season when these seats became bookable.

Originally there was a traditional four-sided scoreboard suspended over centre ice. This has recently been replaced by two large screens for scores and video replays; one behind Boomerang Corner and one at the opposite corner of the rink. Two traditional scoreboards are located in the two remaining corners.

Team culture
Sectarianism has long been a significant problem with sports in Northern Ireland. When the club was established, Giants' management was committed to ensure the club did not attach itself to any particular faith or community, instead aspiring to represent Belfast as a whole. A number of policies were introduced to achieve this. Football colours, clothing, and flags which may have displayed a person's political or religious affiliation were banned from the arena. The national anthem of the United Kingdom, traditionally played before games at other arenas in the Elite League, is not played before Giants games.

These policies have been successful as the Giants have built a large and enthusiastic fanbase which has become known as the 'Teal Army'. As of 16 March 2020, the Giants have averaged an attendance of 4,387, ranking them 3rd amongst UK teams and 80th in Europe.

The Giants have an official podcast, "A View From the Bridge", hosted by fans Patrick Smyth, Davey McGimpsey, Simon Kitchen, and Joel Neill. There is also an official supporters club known as the Giants OSC.

Team songs
For many years, the Giants have been introduced onto the ice with the song "Rise" by English rock band The Cult. In recent years, "A Warrior's Call" by Danish band Volbeat has also been used as the team's entrance theme. Their goal song begins with The Irish Rovers' version of "The Belle of Belfast City", a popular local rendition of the old children's folk song "I'll Tell Me Ma". This is mixed into "Song 2" by English Britpop group Blur before face-off.

Current squad
Squad for 2023-24 Elite League season

 * * Denotes two-way deal with NIHL side Solway Sharks
 * ** Denotes two-way deal with NIHL side Milton Keynes Lightning

Retired jersey numbers

 * 4 Shane Johnson
 * 11 Colin Ward
 * 16  Rob Stewart
 * 18 Graeme Walton
 * 19 Colin Shields
 * 27 Paxton Schulte
 * 44 Todd Kelman

Notable former players

 * 2 Brock Matheson
 * 5 Will Colbert
 * 5 Jérôme Gauthier-Leduc — former Buffalo Sabres draft pick, played for Belfast February–June 2017
 * 9 Andrew Fournier
 * 12 Kyle Baun — ex AHLer
 * 14 Theoren Fleury — former Stanley Cup-winning NHL player
 * 14 Daymen Rycroft
 * 14 Mike Forney — 2015–17; former Atlanta Thrashers draft pick
 * 15 Scott Champagne
 * 15 Kevin Westgarth — former Stanley Cup-winning NHL player
 * 15 Darcy Murphy — 2018–19 top EIHL points scorer (79)
 * 17 Gregory Stewart
 * 19 Colin Shields — EIHL all-time top points scorer and ex-Philadelphia Flyers draft pick
 * 23 Alex Foster - 2016–17; ex-Toronto Maple Leafs NHLer
 * 23 Griffin Reinhart - 2021–22; ex-New York Islanders and Edmonton Oilers; 2012 NHL first-round draft pick
 * 24 Noah Clarke
 * 24 Jonathan Ferland — a one-time Montreal Canadiens draft pick
 * 25 Blair Riley — 2016–19; ex-AHLer who also captained the Giants from 2017 to 2019
 * 39 Patrick Dwyer — the ex-Carolina Hurricanes NHLer played for Belfast between 2018 and 2019 before retiring
 * 43 Derrick Walser — former NHL defenceman and Belfast player/coach 2015–17
 * 50 Matt Nickerson — former NHL draft pick, played for Belfast for two seasons - 2015–17
 * 64 David Goodwin — captained Belfast from 2021–23, leading the team to a domestic treble in 2022–23
 * 83 Dustin Johner — a Florida Panthers draft pick in 2001
 * 91 Nathan Robinson

Franchise scoring leaders
These are the Top 10 Points Scoring Leaders for the Belfast Giants:

Note: GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points

Honours
2000–01
 * ISL Second Team All-Star: Kory Karlander

2001–02
 * Superleague Champions
 * ISL First Team All-Star: Mike Bales, Rob Stewart, Kevin Riehl, Sean Berens, Jason Ruff

2002–03
 * Superleague Playoff Champions
 * ISL First Team All-Star: Robby Sandrock, Paxton Schulte
 * ISL Second Team All-Star: Ryan Bach, Kevin Riehl

2003–04
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Jason Ruff

2004–05
 * British Cross-League: 1st Place
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Tony Hand
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Martin Klempa and George Awada

2005–06
 * Elite League Champions
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Theo Fleury and Ed Courtenay
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Mike Minard, Todd Kelman and George Awada
 * Vic Batchelder Memorial Trophy: Nathan Craze

2008–09
 * EIHL Challenge Cup Champions
 * EIHL Knock Out Cup Champions
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Paul Deniset

2009–10
 * EIHL Play-off Champions
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Stephen Murphy and Colin Shields
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Michael Jacobsen and Jeff Szwez

2010–11
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Jon Gleed
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Stephen Murphy

2011–12
 * Elite League Champions
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Stephen Murphy and Jeff Mason
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Jeremy Rebek and Robert Dowd

2012–13
 * Erhardt Conference Winners
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Robbie Sandrock

2013–14
 * Elite League Champions
 * Erhardt Conference Winners
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Rob Sandrock, Calvin Elfring and Kevin Saurette
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Stephen Murphy, Jeff Szwez and Evan Cheverie

2015–16
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Derrick Walser, James Desmarais

2016–17
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Jim Vandermeer
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Derrick Walser, Blair Riley

2017–18
 * EIHL Challenge Cup Champions
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Sébastien Sylvestre

2018–19
 * Elite League Champions
 * EIHL Challenge Cup Champions
 * Erhardt Conference Winners
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Tyler Beskorowany, Josh Roach, Darcy Murphy
 * EIHL Second Team All-Star: Kyle Baun, Patrick Dwyer

2021–22
 * EIHL Challenge Cup Champions
 * Elite League Champions
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Tyler Beskorowany, Griffin Reinhart, J.J. Piccinich, Scott Conway

2022–23
 * EIHL Challenge Cup Champions
 * Elite League Champions
 * EIHL Play-off Champions
 * EIHL First Team All-Star: Tyler Beskorowany, Gabe Bast, Scott Conway, David Goodwin

title: Belfast Giants


text:
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality

Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie), sometimes titled Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex, is a 1905 work by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in which the author advances his theory of sexuality, in particular its relation to childhood.

Synopsis
Freud's book covered three main areas: sexual perversions; childhood sexuality; and puberty.

The Sexual Aberrations
Freud began his first essay, on "The Sexual Aberrations", by distinguishing between the sexual object and the sexual aim—noting that deviations from the norm could occur with respect to both. The sexual object is therein defined as a desired object, and the sexual aim as what acts are desired with said object.

Discussing the choice of children and animals as sex objects—pedophilia and bestiality—he notes that most people would prefer to limit these perversions to the insane "on aesthetic grounds" but that they exist in normal people also. He also explores deviations of sexual aims, as in the tendency to linger over preparatory sexual aspects such as looking and touching.

Turning to neurotics, Freud emphasised that "in them tendencies to every kind of perversion can be shown to exist as unconscious forces...neurosis is, as it were, the negative of perversion". Freud also makes the point that people who are behaviorally abnormal are always sexually abnormal in his experience but that many people who are normal behaviorally otherwise are sexually abnormal also.

Freud concluded that "a disposition to perversions is an original and universal disposition of the human sexual instinct and that...this postulated constitution, containing the germs of all the perversions, will only be demonstrable in children“.

Infantile Sexuality
His second essay, on "Infantile Sexuality", argues that children have sexual urges, from which adult sexuality only gradually emerges via psychosexual development.

Looking at children, Freud identified many forms of infantile sexual emotions, including thumb sucking, autoeroticism, and sibling rivalry.

The Transformations of Puberty
In his third essay, "The Transformations of Puberty", Freud formalised the distinction between the 'fore-pleasures' of infantile sexuality and the 'end-pleasure' of sexual intercourse.

He also demonstrated how the adolescent years consolidate sexual identity under the dominance of the genitals.

Summary
Freud sought to link to his theory of the unconscious put forward in The Interpretation of Dreams (1899) and his work on hysteria by positing sexuality as the driving force of both neuroses (through repression) and perversion.

In its final version, the "Three Essays" also included the concepts of penis envy, castration anxiety, and the Oedipus complex.

In German language
The Three Essays underwent a series of rewritings and additions over a twenty-year succession of editions —changes which expanded its size by one half, from 80 to 120 pages. The sections on the sexual theories of children and on pregenitality only appeared in 1915, for example, while such central terms as castration complex or penis envy were also later additions.

As Freud himself conceded in 1923, the result was that "it may often have happened that what was old and what was more recent did not admit of being merged into an entirely uncontradictory whole", so that, whereas at first "the accent was on a portrayal of the fundamental difference between the sexual life of children and of adults", subsequently "we were able to recognize the far-reaching approximation of the final outcome of sexuality in children (in about the fifth year) to the definitive form taken by it in adults".

Jacques Lacan considered such a process of change as evidence of the way that "Freud's thought is the most perennially open to revision...a thought in motion".

Translations
There are three English translations, one by A.A. Brill in 1910, another by James Strachey in 1949 published by Imago Publishing. Strachey's translation is generally considered superior, including by Freud himself. The third translation, by Ulrike Kistner, was published by Verso Books in 2017. Kistner's translation is at the time of its publishing the only English translation available of the earlier 1905 edition of the Essays. The 1905 edition theorizes an autoerotic theory of sexual development, without recourse to the Oedipal complex.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality


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Marinha Grande

Marinha Grande is a municipality in the Leiria District, Portugal. The population in 2021 was 39,032, in an area of 187.25 km². The city itself has a population of 32,330.

It is located right in the middle of the 700-year-old Leiria pine forest covering 100 square kilometres, and near excellent beaches such as Praia da Vieira, Nazaré, and São Pedro de Moel.

The present Mayor is Aurélio Ferreira, elected by the independent movement +MPM, a coalition formed by MPM and +Concelho. The municipal holiday is Ascension Day.

Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 3 civil parishes (freguesias):
 * Marinha Grande
 * Moita
 * Vieira de Leiria

History
The Pinhal de Leiria forest was first planted in the 13th century by Dom Afonso III and expanded by Dom Dinis as a barrier against the sands and to supply timber to the maritime industry. In October 2017, a large-scale forest fire devastated about 86% of the area planted with pine trees. Since there, a lot of efforts promoted by public and private entities have tried to reforest the burned vegetation, but most of the landscape is still ruined. The Marinha Grande glass manufacturing industry was first established in the middle of the 18th century. The Royal Glass Factory (Real Fabrica de Vidros) was bought by an English entrepreneur William Stephens who developed the factory and the business under the protection of the Marques de Pombal. The wood from the pine forest was used to fuel the factories. The former palatial home of William Stephens now contains the Museu do Vidro da Marinha Grande which houses glassware from the 17th to the 20th century. In 1826, the factory was given to the state and became one of the country's main producers of traditionally made fine crystal.

On 18 January 1934 there was insurrection in several locations of Portugal, in particular Marinha Grande, that aimed at taking down the authoritarian Estado Novo regime. The trigger was legislation in 1933 that dissolved trade unions and banned strikes. The revolts were easily suppressed by the regime. The strikers in Marinha Grande suffered a particularly heavy punishment. When, two years later, the regime inaugurated the Tarrafal prison, in the Portuguese colony of Cape Verde, a third of the early prisoners came from Marinha Grande, and some would eventually die there due to the camp's bad conditions.

Economy
Marinha Grande is Portugal's biggest glass manufacturer, and it is also the European capital for the moulding industry, with 250 companies operating there, rightfully giving the town the nickname 'The Crystal City'.

The city is served by two highways (A8 connecting to Lisbon and A17 connecting to Aveiro and Oporto) and a train line. It is a 1-hour 15-minute drive away from Lisbon, 10 minutes away from Leiria and 45 minutes from Coimbra.

Tourism
The pine forest is an aromatic forest and has waymarked paths for walkers. It has several campsites within it. There is a cycle route from Marinha Grande to São Pedro de Moel on the coast. There are tours around the glass works and to the glass museums.

Sports
Atlético Clube Marinhense is the local team, it plays at Estádio Municipal da Marinha Grande, a venue shared in past with former Primeira Liga club, U.D. Leiria.

Notable people

 * William Stephens (1731–1803) an English entrepreneur and glass manufacturer, he reopened and operated the royal glassworks factory in Marinha Grande; it had fallen into disuse.
 * José Gregório (1908-1961) a glassmaker in Marinha Grande, a trade unionist and Portuguese Communist Party activist.
 * António Garrido (1932–2014) a Portuguese football referee.
 * Orlando Gonçalves (born 1938) a Portuguese wrestler, competed at the 1960 and 1972 Summer Olympics
 * Margarida Balseiro Lopes (born 1989) a Portuguese politician, a deputy in the Assembly of the Republic of Portugal
 * Hugo Gaspar (born 1982 in Vieira de Leiria) a Portuguese volleyball player

title: Marinha Grande


text:
Teddy Pilette

Theodore "Teddy" Pilette (born 26 July 1942) is a former racing driver from Belgium. He participated in 4 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, the first on 12 May 1974 with Bernie Ecclestone's Brabham team.

Son of André Pilette and grandson of Théodore Pilette, he followed the family path. He started his career by winning many go-kart races before being sent to England to the talent-spotting Jim Russell Racing School. This experience created the opportunity for him to be part of the cast for John Frankenheimer's movie Grand Prix, and later on Le Mans with Steve McQueen.

On the circuit, Pilette raced for Carlo Abarth in 1963 and 1965, and in 1967 he started racing for the Belgian VDS team. He won the European Formula 5000 Championship in 1973 with a Chevron B24, and again in 1975 with a Lola T400. He also competed in the US in Formula 5000. He also made 3 attempts at the Indy 500. He attempted to qualify for the 1977 Indianapolis 500 but failed to make the field. He drove in the CART Championship Car race at Watkins Glen International in 1981 but retired after 14 laps due to gearbox failure. It would be his only Champ Car start as he failed to qualify for the 1982 Indianapolis 500 and 1983 Indianapolis 500 and was entered in the Cleveland Grand Prix later that year but the car was driven by Herm Johnson.

In 1977, Capparelli arranged for Pilette to drive with the dying BRM team in Formula One, and also in the Aurora AFX Formula One Championship the following year.

In sports cars Pilette won the Spa 24 Hours with a Ford Capri, in the last race on the long circuit in 1978.

In 1992 he formed the Pilette Speed Tradition Formula Ford team in Europe. In 1994 he built his own Formula Three car, the Pilette F.3, and raced in the German Formula 3 championship with Paolo Coloni. In September 2013, he was elected Vice President of the Grand Prix Drivers Club (formerly known as Club International des Anciens Pilotes de Grand-Prix F1)

Complete European F5000 Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

Complete Formula One non-championship results
(key)

Complete British Formula One Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

title: Teddy Pilette


text:
Theo Fitzau

Theodor Fitzau (10 February 1923 in Köthen, Germany (later East Germany) – 18 March 1982 in Groß-Gerau, West Germany) was a racing driver from East Germany. Generally a Formula Two racer, he participated in one World Championship Grand Prix, the 1953 German Grand Prix, driving an AFM owned by fellow driver Helmut Niedermayr. He retired from the race, scoring no championship points.

Complete World Championship results
(key)

title: Theo Fitzau


text:
Theo Helfrich

Theodor Helfrich (13 May 1913 in Frankfurt am Main – 29 April 1978 in Ludwigshafen am Rhein) was a racing driver from Germany. He participated in three World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 3 August 1952, but scored no championship points. He was German Formula Two Champion in 1953, took a number of wins in the German Formula Three Championship in a Cooper-Norton, and finished in second place in the 1952 24 Hours of Le Mans race.

Complete World Championship results
(key)

title: Theo Helfrich


text:
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title: User:Anthony/User pages


text: User talk:66.99.0.97

title: User talk:66.99.0.97


text:
Knappensee (municipality)

Knappensee (German) or Hórnikečanski jězor (Upper Sorbian) was a municipality in the northeastern part of Saxony, Germany, east of Hoyerswerda.

It was formed in 1995 by the merger of the three municipalities Groß Särchen, Koblenz and Wartha, and was named after the lake Knappensee.

In 2004 it was disbanded. Groß Särchen and Koblenz became parts of Lohsa, Wartha became a part of Königswartha.

title: Knappensee (municipality)


text:
Klenk

The Klenk-Meteor was a racing car which competed in the 1954 German Grand Prix. The car was based on the established German marque of Veritas which was active between 1948 and 1953. Veritas is chiefly remembered as a manufacturer of sports cars and successful Formula Two racing cars. The company closed when its founder, Ernst Loof, became ill. He subsequently died in 1956. The Klenk-Meteor entered for the 1954 German Grand Prix was essentially a Veritas Formula Two car from the previous year. The car was owned and prepared by the noted German racing driver Hans Klenk who intended to race it himself in the Grand Prix. However, Klenk's career as a racing driver came to an end when he suffered injuries in an accident while working as a test driver for Mercedes-Benz. The car was driven in the Grand Prix by another German, Theo Helfrich. He retired on lap 8 with engine failure.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Klenk


text:
Legg Mason

Legg Mason was an American investment management and asset management firm headquartered in Baltimore, founded in 1899 and acquired by Franklin Templeton Investments as of July 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the company had $730.8 billion in assets under management, including $161.2 billion in equity assets, $420.2 billion in fixed income assets, $74.3 billion in alternative assets, and $75.1 billion in liquidity assets.

History
In 1899, George Mackubin & Co., predecessor to Legg & Co., was founded in Baltimore, Maryland. It got its start selling stocks out of a back office in the Baltimore Stock Exchange in 1899. In 1970, it had offices in San Francisco, New York, as well as several in Maryland, with over 400 employees. It was best known for its expertise in the life and casualty insurance industry.

In 1949, after the departure of Mackubin, John C. Legg, Jr. named the company after himself.

In 1962, Mason & Co., a stockbrokerage, was founded by Raymond A. “Chip” Mason in Newport News, Virginia.

In 1967, Mason & Co., with over 80 employees in 4 offices, became one of the largest Virginia-based stockbrokerages.

In 1970, Mason & Co. was acquired by Legg & Co., forming Legg Mason & Co., Inc., with headquarters in Baltimore, Maryland.

In 1975, Raymond A. Mason became chairman and CEO, adding to his existing role as president.

In 1982, Legg Mason Fund Adviser, Inc. was established to manage the company’s flagship fund, Legg Mason Value Trust.

In 1983, the company became a public company via an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange, raising $14 million.

In 1997, the company moved its headquarters to 100 Light Street in Baltimore.

In July 2002, the company sold its stockbrokerage subsidiary to Raymond James Financial.

In 2005, the company transferred its Private Client and Capital Markets business to Citigroup in exchange for Citigroup’s asset management business in a $3.7 billion transaction, turning Legg Mason into the 5th largest money management firm in the U.S.

In 2006, fund manager Bill Miller's streak of beating the S&P 500 15 years in a row ended.

In January 2008, Mark R. Fetting became CEO of the company, succeeding Raymond A. "Chip" Mason.

In May 2008, during the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the company reported its first quarterly loss as a public company.

In July 2009, the company moved its headquarters to Inner Harbor East, Baltimore.

In October 2009, Nelson Peltz joined the board of directors of the company after acquiring a stake.

In May 2010, the company announced layoffs of as many as 350 people.

In February 2013, Joseph A. Sullivan became CEO of the company.

In 2016, the company acquired real estate investment firm Clarion Partners, combined its hedge fund platform Permal with New York independent hedge fund investor EnTrust and purchased a minority stake in New Jersey-based Precidian Investments to boost its exchange traded funds.

In April 2019, the company ended all sports sponsorships to cut costs.

In July 2020, Franklin Templeton Investments acquired Legg Mason for $4.5 billion.

Brandywine Global

 * Year Founded: 1986
 * Year Acquired: 1997
 * Location: Headquartered in Philadelphia; offices in Chicago, San Francisco, Singapore, and London

Clarion Partners

 * Year Founded: 1982
 * Year Acquired: 2016
 * Location: Headquartered in New York City; offices in Baltimore, Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, London, Los Angeles, São Paulo, Seattle, and Washington, D.C.

ClearBridge Investments

 * Year Founded: 2005 (predecessor firms date to 1962)
 * Year Acquired: 2005 (as Citigroup's asset management business)
 * Location: Headquartered in New York City; offices in Baltimore, San Francisco, and Wilmington

EnTrust Global

 * Year Founded: 2016 (predecessor firms date back to 1997 and 1973)
 * Year Acquired: 2005 (as The Permal Group)
 * Location: Headquartered in New York; offices in Beijing, Boston, Chicago, Hong Kong, London, Paris, Singapore, and Washington, D.C.

Martin Currie

 * Year Founded: 1881
 * Year Acquired: 2014
 * Location: Edinburgh, Scotland

QS Investors

 * Year Founded: 1999
 * Year Acquired: 2014
 * Location: New York City

RARE Infrastructure

 * Year Founded: 2006
 * Year Acquired: 2015
 * Location: Sydney, Australia; office in Stamford, Connecticut

Royce Investment Partners

 * Year Founded: 1972
 * Year Acquired: 2001
 * Location: New York

Western Asset Management Company

 * Year Founded: 1971
 * Year Acquired: 1986
 * Location: Headquartered in Pasadena, California; offices in New York City, London, Hong Kong, Melbourne, São Paulo, Singapore, Dubai, and Tokyo

title: Legg Mason


text:
Tim Parnell

Reginald Harold Haslam "Tim" Parnell Jr. (25 June 1932 – 5 April 2017) was a British racing driver from England. He was the son of Reg Parnell, another racing driver.

He participated in four Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 18 July 1959, and qualified for two of them. He scored no championship points. His only finish was tenth place in the 1961 Italian Grand Prix at Monza.

After his father's death in 1964, he took on the running of Reg Parnell Racing and on occasion managed his own team with entries for Mike Spence and Pedro Rodriguez. He went on to manage the BRM Formula One team from 1970–74.

Parnell died on 5 April 2017 at the age of 84.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Tim Parnell


text:
Tom Belsø

Tom Belsø (27 August 1942 – 12 January 2020) was a motor racing driver, credited as the first Formula One driver from Denmark.

Early career
Belsø started out in touring cars, where he won his debut race and went on to become Scandinavian Touring Car Champion in 1969. He became a Formula Two racer in 1972, with his best result being a fourth place at the Albi Grand Prix, finishing 17th in the European F2 Championship. In 1973 he raced a Lola in Formula 5000. He also raced in a few non-championship Formula One races, finishing 7th in the 1973 Race of Champions and 8th in the 1973 BRDC International Trophy, and retiring in the 1974 BRDC International Trophy and 1975 Race of Champions. He contested the 1974 Rothmans 5000 European Championship winning at Snetterton and finishing 8th in the Series. He also competed in the 1977 Shellsport 5000/Libre series and finished fifth in a Radio Luxemburg-sponsored Lola T330-Chevrolet.

Formula One
Belsø qualified a Formula One Iso-Marlboro for the Frank Williams Racing Cars team at the 1973 Swedish Grand Prix, but could not start the race because his sponsorship money did not arrive. In 1974 he tried four times to qualify for Williams, but was only successful in South Africa and Sweden. In South Africa, the clutch on Belsø's FW failed on the first lap of the race. In Sweden, he finished his only complete Grand Prix, in eighth place.

Complete Formula One results
(key)

‡ Belsø took part in practice only. The car was driven in the race by Howden Ganley.

Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

Personal life
In 1977 he founded Belso Cereals, a manufacturing company based in Peterborough.

On 12 January 2020 Belsø died from stomach cancer; he was 77 years old.

title: Tom Belsø


text: User talk:82.182.68.196

title: User talk:82.182.68.196


text:
Tom Bridger

Thomas Bridger (24 June 1934 – 30 July 1991) was a British racing driver from England. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 19 October 1958, scoring no championship points. His greatest success came in Formula Three, where he won 15 races.

Career
Born in Woolmer Green, Hertfordshire, Bridger started racing in Formula Three in 1953, initially competing minor events in a Kieft-Norton before moving to a Cooper to compete full-time in Formula Three in 1957. He achieved some success racing with Jim Russell, one of the more successful drivers in the category. He moved up to Formula Two in 1958, finishing second in the Crystal Palace Trophy race, and eighth in the Coupe de Vitesse at Reims.

Bridger raced in the 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix with British Racing Partnership, driving a Formula Two-class Cooper T45. He qualified in 22nd place, and Bridger got up to 14th before his race was ended by a collision on lap 30. The crash involved three vehicles, but Bridger emerged unharmed.

He returned to Formula Three in 1959 with the Cooper-Norton car, winning four races throughout the year. In 1960, he raced in Formula Junior, competing in a works Lotus at the British Grand Prix.

Bridger died at Logie Coldstone, Aberdeenshire in 1991 at the age of 57 years.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.) † Events with 2 races staged for the different classes.

‡ Event with 3 races staged for the different classes.

title: Tom Bridger


text:
Tomáš Enge

Tomáš Enge (born 11 September 1976) is a Czech former professional racing driver who has competed in many classes of motorsport, including three races in Formula One.

Career
Born in Liberec, Enge started his career at the age of 16, entering a Ford Fiesta he bought with his own money in the Czechoslovakian Ford Fiesta Cup. Enge participated in the final three races of the Formula One season, becoming the first, and to date only, driver from the Czech Republic to compete in Formula One. He made his debut at the Italian Grand Prix on 16 September, after being brought in by Prost as a replacement for Luciano Burti, who was recovering from his crash at the previous race in Belgium. Enge left the Prost Grand Prix team before it folded for the 2002 season.

He obtained his Formula One break using the sponsorship from the local Coca-Cola subsidiary, which had also funded the Nordic Racing F3000 team he raced for that year. He finished third in the 2001 standings despite missing the final race, and was stripped of the 2002 title due to a positive marijuana test. He returned to Formula 3000 in 2004, and then headed to America for 2005, driving for Panther Racing in the IRL, with modest success, although almost winning the race at Sonoma. Among his 17 career IRL starts was his rookie start in the 2005 Indianapolis 500. He then drove for Team Czech Republic in the 2005-2006 A1GP season. Enge has also been a frequent driver for Prodrive's sportscar teams, driving both their Ferrari 550 Maranellos and Aston Martin DBR9s in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. In 2006 he was driver of the #007 Aston Martin Racing entry in the American Le Mans Series, but for 2007 switched to the Petersen/White Lightning Ferrari F430.

On 31 March 2007, Enge was injured whilst driving his F430 at the ALMS St. Petersburg race. The car crashed whilst leading the GT2 class, suffering heavy damage to the driver's side and a brief fire. Enge was removed under medical supervision and transported to the local medical centre. He was later revealed to have suffered a shattered elbow, cracked ribs, a partially collapsed lung and a potentially broken ankle, but not to be in any serious danger.

On 21 July 2007, Enge was released from his contract with Peterson Motorsports/White Lightning Racing due to a penalty incurred after crashing into Mika Salo during the Acura Sports Car Challenge ALMS race at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course.

In 2009 he drove for Aston Martin Racing in the Le Mans Series and won the championship alongside Stefan Mücke and Jan Charouz. He remained with Aston Martin, as he moved into the FIA GT1 World Championship for the 2010 season, joining Darren Turner at Young Driver AMR. The pairing finished fourth in the championship with three victories. Enge and Turner were split for the 2011 season; Turner was joined by Stefan Mücke, while Enge was partnered by Alex Müller. Enge and Müller achieved two victories as they finished fourth in the championship.

With Young Driver AMR pulling out of the championship to focus on other series, Enge moved to the Reiter Engineering Lamborghini squad for the 2012 season, where he partnered socialite Albert von Thurn und Taxis. The pairing were lying tenth in the championship after four rounds; their best result was a second-place finish at the Slovakia Ring. On 19 June 2012, it was announced that Enge had tested positive for a banned substance at the Navarra round of the championship, and was suspended from racing. At the beginning of August, it was announced that Enge was to be suspended from racing for 18 months. Enge is appealing the decision on the grounds that the positive test was caused by medication he is taking for a chronic cardiovascular condition.

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

Rolex Series career
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

American Open-Wheel
(key)

Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Tomáš Enge


text:
Portrait of Jaco: The Early Years, 1968–1978

Portrait of Jaco: The Early Years, 1968–1978 is a compilation of recordings made by Jaco Pastorius between 1968 and 1978. It was released in 2003 by Holiday Park Records.

Disc One: Jocko

 * 1) "Sermon at the Crossroads"
 * 2) "Please Don't Love Me" (featuring Jack Pastorius, Jaco's father)
 * 3) "Jocko's First Gig" (Jaco on drums)
 * 4) "The Chicken" (Jaco plays all instruments)
 * 5) "Suzanne" (on first record '68)
 * 6) "If You Were Mine" (Woodchuck)
 * 7) "Street Life" (Interview)
 * 8) "Mr. Pitiful" (Woodchuck)
 * 9) "Higher Solo" (Tommy Strand)
 * 10) "Ming of Mings" (Wayne Cochran & the C.C. Riders)
 * 11) "Rice Pudding" (Wayne Cochran & the C.C. Riders)
 * 12) "Amelia" (Wayne Cochran & the C.C. Riders)
 * 13) "Like the Sound of the Music?" (Wayne Cochran & the C.C. Riders)
 * 14) "Long, Long Day" (Wayne Cochran & the C.C. Riders)
 * 15) "Exploring on Acoustic" (Jaco warming up on acoustic bass)
 * 16) "Dexterity" (more on acoustic)
 * 17) "Birth of Continuum"
 * 18) "Mr. Clean" (Ira Sullivan)
 * 19) "I Can Dig It Baby" (Little Beaver)
 * 20) "Touch the Sky"

Disc Two: Jaco

 * 1) "Behind the Scenes with Jaco"
 * 2) "Between Races" (Peter Graves Orchestra)
 * 3) "Domingo" (Peter Graves Orchestra)
 * 4) "Wiggle Waggle" (Peter Graves Orchestra)
 * 5) "Opus Pocus" (Jaco's demo recording)
 * 6) "Balloon Song" (Jaco's demo recording)
 * 7) "Continuum" (Jaco's demo recording)
 * 8) "Behind the Scenes...Part 2"
 * 9) "All The Things You Are" (Pat Metheny)
 * 10) "Bright Size Life" (Pat Metheny)
 * 11) "Epic Signs Jaco"
 * 12) "The Real Deal" (Jaco explains)
 * 13) "Refuge of the Roads" (Joni Mitchell)
 * 14) "Hejira" (Jaco with Joni Mitchell)
 * 15) "Jaco, John & Mary" (Jaco playing with his children)
 * 16) "Cannonball" (Joe Zawinul & Weather Report)
 * 17) "Kuru/Speak Like a Child" (Herbie Hancock)
 * 18) "Las Olas Farewell" (Jaco sings)


text:
Tommy Byrne (racing driver)

Thomas Byrne (born 6 May 1958) is a former racing driver from Ireland. He participated in two Formula One Grands Prix in with the backmarker Theodore team, failing to qualify for another three. He failed to finish in either of the Grands Prix he started and scored no Formula One championship points.

After performing well in the Irish Formula Ford Championship in 1981, Byrne won the 1982 British Formula 3 Championship even though he missed some races while he competed in Formula One. At that time, he also tested a McLaren MP4/1 Formula One car in October 1982 against Marlboro-backed Spirit Racing's European F2 drivers like Stefan Johansson and Thierry Boutsen. During this test he set a time quicker than the works drivers, Watson and Lauda, despite the car being specifically detuned for him and not the other drivers at the test. After a brief return to Formula Three in 1983, where he raced for Eddie Jordan, Byrne moved to the United States and began racing in the American Racing Series in 1986, where he won ten races in 55 starts, both second place in the series record books. He also was the championship runner-up in 1988 and 1989. He raced in the series until 1992 and then retired. Despite his extended career in the States, Byrne never made a Champ Car start. He lives in Florida, and teaches Honda Teen/Adult Defensive Driving, Advanced Defensive Driving, Acura High Performance and Acura Advanced Performance Driving during the race season at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course in Lexington, Ohio. He is also a driver coach for Indy Lights team Brian Stewart Racing. He co-authored a book with Mark Hughes which was released in the UK on 8 August 2008, titled Crashed and Byrned: The Greatest Racing Driver You Never Saw. The book won the William Hill Irish Sports Book of the Year for 2009.

Byrne was the subject of Seán Ó Cualáin's documentary Crash and Burn in 2016.

Complete Formula One results
(key)

title: Tommy Byrne (racing driver)


text:
Toni Ulmen

Anton "Toni" Ulmen (25 January 1906 – 4 November 1976) was a German motorcycle and racing driver from Düsseldorf, Germany. His racing career started in 1925 on a 250 cc Velocette. In 1927 he won the opening race of the Nürburgring on a 350 cc Velocette. In 1929 he won the 350 cc class on the Eilenriede, a non-permanent race course near Hannover. From 1949 to 1952, he was four times German sports car and Formula 2 champion.

Craftsman, businessman and racer
After leaving school, Ulmen served an apprenticeship as a machinist with Motorradwerkstatt Hasenclever. When he finished there, he founded Gebrüder Ulmen, with his brother Andreas. They become the representatives of Opel for Düsseldorf.

It was in 1925 that Ulmen began his career in motorsport, at the Großen Deutschland-Rundfahrt on a 250cc Velocette motor cycle. Two years later can riding a 350 cc Velocette he won the first Eifelrennen, to claim the Deutsche Tourist-Trophäe, the inaugural race held on the Nürburgring. In 1929, he won another major German race, the 350cc race of Eilenridederennens in Hanover. By 1930, Ulmen was a works rider for NSU.

After the War
After the war, he turned to car racing, taking a second place in his first major sportscar race, the Karlsruhe-Durlach, abroad a BMW 328. A year later, in 1947 he was awarded the title of best German sports car driver of the year.

The 1949 season saw Ulmen win nine races, including the Solituderennen and the DMV Grenzlandringrennen. He was won races at München, Nürburgring, Sachsenring and Kölner Kurs. He also recorded seven second place that season. 1950 saw the first Großer Preis von Deutschland after World War II, at the Nürburgring, where he finished fourth in his open-wheel Veritas RS. In this car, he also recorded a surprising third place in the Preis der Ostechweiz-Erlen in Switzerland, beaten only by the Scuderia Ferraris of Luigi Villoresi and Roberto Vallone. Prior to 1950, there was a ban on German cars and drivers completing in foreign events, after the war. He retained his German Champion title, he first won in 1949.

With victories at Hockenheim, the Schauinsland Hillclimb, and the Grenzlandring, Ulmen was clear champion in the 2-litre Sports Car class. He participated in two World Championship Grands Prix in 1952, debuting on 18 May 1952, in the Großer Pries der Schweiz, but retired due to fuel tank issues. He returned for the Großer Preis von Deutschland, where despite his Veritas's power disadvantage compared to his rivals, his finished eighth. That season also saw Ulmen win the DMV Grenalandringrennen again. During the season, he suffered a heavy crash during a practise session on the Sachsenring from which he escaped almost unscathed. He arrived at the final meeting of the 1952 season, the Avusrennen, as leader in the Formula 2 class and 2-litre sport cars. On the AVUS, lost a dramatic slipstream battle with fellow Veritas driver, Fritz Rieß, on the penultimate lap. This meant both drivers were equal on points, and according to the DMV regulations, Rieß was declared champion, as he had scored the better at the Eifelrennen. As consolidation, Ulmen was awarded the Formula 2 title, despite the fact he could take part in this race. After that he competed only occasionally in car races.

Despite his retirement early 1953, Ulmen was soon, albeit briefly, behind the wheel, sharing a Jaguar D-Type with Herman Roosdorp to third place in his only 24-hour endurance race, the 1953 24 Heures de Spa Francorchamps.

Away from the track
Following his racing retirement, Ulmen become president of the Deutscher Motorsport Verband (DMW) and he received the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt award from President of Germany, Theodor Heuss for his successes in motorsport, the highest national award in Germany for an athlete.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Toni Ulmen


text: User talk:69.198.110.24

title: User talk:69.198.110.24


text:
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role

Best Actor in a Leading Role is a British Academy Film Award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding leading performance in a film.

Winners and nominees
From 1952 to 1967, there were two Best Actor awards: one for a British actor and another for a foreign actor. In 1968, the two prizes of British and Foreign actor were combined to create a single Best Actor award. Its current title, for Best Actor in a Leading Role, has been used since 1995.

{{legend|#FAEB86|indicates the winner}}

Multiple nominations

 * 7 nominations
 * Michael Caine
 * Daniel Day-Lewis
 * Peter Finch
 * Dustin Hoffman
 * Jack Lemmon
 * Laurence Olivier

 * 6 nominations
 * Marlon Brando
 * Leonardo DiCaprio
 * Albert Finney
 * Sidney Poitier

 * 5 nominations
 * Dirk Bogarde
 * Robert De Niro
 * Anthony Hopkins
 * Spencer Tracy

 * 4 nominations
 * Ralph Fiennes
 * Tom Hanks
 * Jack Hawkins
 * Trevor Howard
 * Kenneth More
 * Paul Newman
 * Peter Sellers

 * 3 nominations
 * Woody Allen
 * Richard Attenborough
 * Richard Burton
 * George Clooney
 * Bradley Cooper
 * Tom Courtenay
 * Russell Crowe
 * Alec Guinness
 * Gene Hackman
 * Burt Lancaster
 * Fredric March
 * Walter Matthau
 * Viggo Mortensen
 * Jack Nicholson
 * Gary Oldman
 * Sean Penn
 * Joaquin Phoenix
 * Kevin Spacey

 * 2 nominations
 * Christian Bale
 * Alan Bates
 * Warren Beatty
 * Jamie Bell
 * Jean-Paul Belmondo
 * Jeff Bridges
 * Jim Broadbent
 * Nicolas Cage
 * Sean Connery
 * Benedict Cumberbatch
 * Tony Curtis
 * James Dean
 * Gérard Depardieu
 * Johnny Depp
 * Michael Douglas
 * Richard Dreyfuss
 * Michael Fassbender
 * Colin Firth
 * Henry Fonda
 * Pierre Fresnay
 * Jean Gabin
 * John Gielgud
 * Jake Gyllenhaal
 * George Hamilton
 * Laurence Harvey
 * William Holden
 * Bob Hoskins
 * Charles Laughton
 * James Mason
 * Marcello Mastroianni
 * Ian McKellen
 * John Mills
 * Yves Montand
 * Al Pacino
 * Gregory Peck
 * Brad Pitt
 * Jonathan Pryce
 * Anthony Quinn
 * Michael Redgrave
 * Eddie Redmayne
 * Ralph Richardson
 * Geoffrey Rush
 * George C. Scott
 * Martin Sheen
 * Takashi Shimura
 * Frank Sinatra
 * Rod Steiger
 * James Stewart
 * Robin Williams
 * Nicol Williamson
 * Donald Wolfit

Multiple wins

 * 5 wins
 * Peter Finch

 * 4 wins
 * Daniel Day-Lewis

 * 3 wins
 * Marlon Brando
 * Anthony Hopkins
 * Jack Lemmon

 * 2 wins
 * Dirk Bogarde
 * Colin Firth
 * Dustin Hoffman
 * Burt Lancaster
 * Marcello Mastroianni
 * Jack Nicholson
 * Rod Steiger


text:
Talk:Fatah

Upcoming conference
The conference is also expected to discuss the status of peace talks with Israel. According to a draft "political plan" leaked to some Arab newspapers over the weekend, the Fatah conference will reiterate Fatah's commitment to the "armed struggle" against Israel as one of the options to achieve an independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital. Fatah, according to the reports, is also expected to reemphasize its opposition to Israel's demand that it be recognized as a Jewish state.

As the Fatah movement prepares for its upcoming leadership convention, a senior group member says the event will be used to display Fatah's commitment to the armed struggle against Israel. 'We will maintain the resistance option in all its forms and we will not recognize Israel," he said. "Not only don't we demand that anyone recognize Israel; we don't recognize Israel ourselves. --Sceptic from Ashdod (talk) 13:06, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

"Negotiations with Israel were not part of Fatah's culture,", said Jamal Nazzal, a Fatah spokesman in the West Bank...He declared that Fatah had never recognized Israel's right to exist and denied that his faction had asked Hamas or any other Palestinian party to do so...Almost all said they opposed recognizing Israel as a Jewish state or relinquishing the "right of return" for Palestinian refugees to their original homes inside Israel. --Sceptic from Ashdod (talk) 08:59, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

[http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=442&PID=0&IID=3062&TTL=Will_Fatah_Give_Up_the_Armed_Struggle_at_Its_Sixth_General_Congress? Will Fatah Give Up the Armed Struggle at Its Sixth General Congress?]. --Sceptic from Ashdod (talk) 11:23, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

'No talks unless Israel frees prisoners', "Fatah delegates meeting here Thursday resolved not to renew peace negotiations with Israel until all Palestinian prisoners are released from Israeli jails, all settlement-building is frozen and the Gaza blockade is lifted". --Sceptic from Ashdod (talk) 09:54, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

Fatah: Return J'lem before talks go on --Sceptic from Ashdod (talk) 02:53, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

Hello, I would also like to add that Fatah has joined as a member of the Arab Social Democratic Forum and I think this should be recorded under a new "regional affiliation" heading http://arabsocialdemocrats.org/about/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.205.198.237 (talk) 15:54, 28 May 2017 (UTC)

Desicions and statements made at 6th Fatah Movement Assembly
Wikifan, your recent edit read "During the assembly, a series of proclamations and commitments were made by Fatah leadership officials. Almost all officials during the conference "opposed recognizing Israel as a Jewish state." Party spokesman Jamal Nazzal declared that "Fatah had never recognized Israel's right to exist." However, no such statement were made during the assembly. Moreover, the sources you cited date back before 4 August 2009 when the assembly actually started. No articles published after 6 August does mention or reference to the claims made by you. Please, edit articles in 'good faith' --Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 08:07, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

I reverted you because I did not see a rationale in talk even though an exclaimer was provided in the edit-summary.

For the most part, you are correct. However, you could have just switched out the lead with "Prior to the assembly." I didn't read the articles all the way through which was a mistake on my part. I just noticed a lot of crucial information was missing. I don't think information about the assembly should be removed wholesale just because it was published before/after the actual conference took place.

So can we re-instate the paragraph with a tweaked intro? Wikifan12345 (talk) 08:34, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

I do not think that wiki as encyclopeadae needs to reference to the allegations made in Israeli media prior to commencement of the Assembly, moreover, when those allegations now are not even valid. --Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 09:46, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

 * What allegations? The articles in question were written by Khaled Abu Toameh, an expert on Fatah and Palestinian corruption. Wikifan12345 (talk) 09:48, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Are you sure that encyclopeadae, for this particular subsection, needs to cite the assumptions which were not, after all, realised? --Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 09:58, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * These were not assumptions but cited and well-attributed quotations. Abbas and the spokesmans statements of not recognizing Israel as a Jewish state (in addition to not recognizing Israel as a state period) were certainly realized so I don't know where you are going with this. Can you be more explicit? I don't see unfulfilled accusations. Wikifan12345 (talk) 10:10, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Did the Assembly issued a statement that Fatah does not recognise the right of Israel for statehood? Shall we ask for 3d person mediation?--Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 13:13, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Did it? 2 crucial Fatah officials are quoted explicitly in reference to the assembly. The references might have occurred before or after the assembly and may not have been stated during the actual conferences, but the statements didn't disappear as you imply. The fact that the leader of Fatah made these revealing comments is enough for inclusion. We can simply say, "prior to the assembly" or "in anticipation.." etc. We are obligated to merge the info in the article and I cannot find any policy-endorsed reasoning for denial. I don't think we need a 3rd opinion unless a serious rationale for exclusion is made. Wikifan12345 (talk) 20:07, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I do not agree that assumptions and allegations of media should at all be in this article, this is encyclopedea, not a 'yellow press' for an eye-catching rhetorics. I am seeking the help of the 3d person for this issue, otherwise our discussion will lead us nowhere.

Also on the other issue, you referenced to Jpost article, 'No talks unless Israel frees prisoners', where the sentence reads:

"Fatah delegates meeting here Thursday resolved not to renew peace negotiations with Israel until all Palestinian prisoners are released from Israeli jails, all settlement-building is frozen and the Gaza blockade is lifted." You have re-wrote it into:

Fatah delegates also reiterates its refusal to resume peace talks until preconditions were met. Among the 14 preconditions, included the release of all Palestinian prisoners from Israeli jails, freezing all settlement construction, and lifting the Gaza blockade. I see the problem with '...reiterates its refusal to resume talks...' - it bears a strong negative connotation in fact, I propose to use a more neutral wording to comply with Wiki's impartial tone principle. I suggest using the Jpost wording, which is '...resolved not to renew...'. --Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 19:17, 15 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I think it's more accurate. Fatah has been saying this since the beginning of the year. Also, it's important we include the "14" number until we can find out each precondition. I only could find the most important 4. Wikifan12345 (talk) 19:18, 16 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Also, I'm not sure if it was right of you to canvass a 3rd party editor without going to 3O first. Just a heads up for next time. :D Wikifan12345 (talk) 19:26, 16 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry, Wikifan, but you know that Wiki it is not about your's or my "thinking" what is accurate, but rather sticking to the facts, sources and using neutral words. The edits should be edited in 'good faith'. Pls consider the middle point for our different stances on the issue.--Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 18:05, 17 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Am I not editing in good faith? I haven't accused you of anything. I'm not really sure what the middle point is. All I did was synthesize what the RS was saying without copying/pasting wholesale. It's not a secret that Fatah has more than once stated its refusal to resume peace talks. I'd be happy to include more references demonstrating Fatah's hostile tone but I figured the original RS was sufficient. Wikifan12345 (talk) 20:32, 17 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Here is a direct quote from Wiki's impartial tone principle.

Impartial tone
Wikipedia describes disputes. Wikipedia does not engage in disputes. A neutral characterization of disputes requires presenting viewpoints with a consistently impartial tone, otherwise articles end up as partisan commentaries even while presenting all relevant points of view. Even where a topic is presented in terms of facts rather than opinions, inappropriate tone can be introduced through the way in which facts are selected, presented, or organized. Neutral articles are written with a tone that provides an unbiased, accurate, and proportionate representation of all positions included in the article.

The tone of Wikipedia articles should be impartial, neither endorsing nor rejecting a particular point of view. Try not to quote directly from participants engaged in a heated dispute; instead, summarize and present the arguments in an impartial tone.--Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 20:49, 17 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm not disputing this. Wikifan12345 (talk) 09:07, 18 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Then I am changing it.--Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 09:41, 18 August 2009 (UTC)
 * hold up. Copy/pasting policy is perfectly acceptable but it has little to do with what the references are saying. There is a fine line between a false neutrality and verifiability. We can't actively decide to make events seem less-heated to prevent the wrong impression. We simply do what the reliable sources and references say. There is nothing impartial, partisan, or POV of the edit you just reverted. Wikifan12345 (talk) 10:42, 18 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I did not copy/pasted, what was edited is only 'resolved not to...', the whole sentence remains as per your edit.--Jim Fitzgerald (talk) 11:09, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

Battle of Gaza
Why is the Hamas-Fatah conflict missing?72.199.100.223 (talk) 17:39, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Reference to Prophet Muhammad has a false statement
The portion of the article that says "Muhammad successfully conquered Mecca by first signing a peace agreement, and then later seeking to abrogate it when he had forces sufficient to secure certain victory over the Meccans," is misleading because (1) Muhammad did not seek to abrogate it, and (2) the agreement was breached by the Meccan side and that negated the agreement. I am changing it accordingly. The fact that there was a breach is not even denied by the anti-Islamic websites such as answering-islam.org.Lugalbanda (talk) 21:14, 5 July 2010 (UTC)Lugalbanda

Where was Fatah established?
As I have just added the Hamas article to Category:1987 establishments in the Palestinian territories I'd like some input on what would be the appropriate establishments by country category for the current article? __meco (talk) 16:18, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

Etymology section seems to have OR
We have this text:
 * The word Fatah is used in religious discourse to signify the Islamic expansion in the first centuries of Islamic history—as in Fath al-Sham, the "opening of the Levant" -- and so has positive connotations for Muslims. The term "Fatah" also has religious significance in that it is the name of the 48th sura, or chapter, of the Qu'ran, which according to major Muslim commentators details the story of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. During the peaceful two years after the Hudaybiyyah treaty, many converted to Islam increasing the strength of the Muslim side. It was the breach of this treaty by Muhammad[8][9] that triggered the conquest of Mecca. This Islamic precedent was cited by Yasser Arafat as justification for his signing the Oslo Accords with Israel.[10][11]

As far as I can see, none of the given references actually connect historical use/meaning of the word to the name of the organization. Without such a connection made by the source, this material is inadmissible under the rules of WP:SYNTH. Zerotalk 07:28, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

 * These concerns expressed 10 months ago have not been addressed. The material will be deleted if they are not addressed very soon. Zerotalk 00:14, 30 August 2011 (UTC)

Goals in lead
This edit added a large amount of original research to the lead. To begin with, we need a secondary source giving us the goals of the organization. Additionally, the material on the charter affirming the constitution and requiring adherence to the constitution requires a secondary source, as does the material on Zionist organizations being opposed. I am reverting the edit and request that secondary sources be used for such material to avoid the OR issues presently in the article.  nableezy  - 14:41, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
 * This has been restored with an additional source for the view that the 2009 charter is irrelevant. The problems from the original edition remain, as the article is still citing the primary source to define the goals, but are also amplified as we now also include an unreliable source, the ZOA.  nableezy  - 00:05, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

Hello Zero and Nableezy (and anyone else editing the Fatah page). Sorry for not writing earlier, but I didn't actually know where or how to respond. I was expecting a message board kind of thing. I finally figured out that I just have to edit like any Wikipeida article. A little weird IMHO, but I admit I should have figured it out earlier.

Anyway, regarding "original research", I think it would be instructive to review Wikipedia's guidelines on the subject: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary.2C_secondary_and_tertiary_sources

As you can see from this section, primary sources are at times appropriate, and their use is simply (or complexly!) a matter of "common sense and good editorial judgment". I believe that quoting the Fatah Constitution is an appropriate use of a primary source, because the most basic thing a person wants to know about an organization is what it's purpose is, and the goals that define that purpose appear in that organization's founding document. For example, if you go to the article on the NAACP, a part of the mission statement is quoted from the NAACP's website (BTW, discovered that the link is broken. Might fix it when I have the time.). Therefore, I think quoting the Fatah Constitution is not a case of "original research". Moreover, it is reasonable to assume that there are many scholarly articles that note Fatah's goals as quoted, and as such, the goals as listed are "verifiable" as per Wikipedia's guidelines.

I also want to point out that the section on goals had been a part of the article for a year or more when Drsmoo removed the goals 2 months ago on the basis of the 2009 internal charter. That deletion was itself a clear example of original research as it was based entirely on his/her interpretation of the charter. Therefore, I could have just put the goals back and left it at that, but I decided to try to address the concern that the original constitution had been voted out. I can understand not being happy with the ZOA press release, but I couldn't find anything better, and certainly nothing contradictory. Interestingly enough, sources like the Fateh website (only in Arabic now), and the English Palestinian news agencies Ma'an and Wafa, apparently have no references at all to the internal charter. This lack of interest strongly suggests that the internal charter is just that - an internal document that is not of special significance. Had the constitution been cancelled and replaced, it is reasonable to assume that such an event would have warranted at least one, if not a plethora of articles on all three key Fatah/Palestinian websites.

I hope that you can see that I am editing in good faith, and that objective citations from an organization's founding document are permissible according to Wikipedia's guidelines. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RBK613 (talk • contribs) 00:55, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

 * This is a controversial issue, making it all the more important to present a balanced view from third parties. To show how bad the lead is at the moment from a neutrality viewpoint, consider this from an American Jewish magazine:
 * An Israeli official told the Forward that the Fatah constitution “is not an issue” as far as Jerusalem is concerned. The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said that Israel regards Fatah as part of the Palestine Liberation Organization, which has already changed its charter and recognized Israel. “Fatah is committed to all agreements signed with the PLO,” the Israeli official said. “Whatever took place before signing the Oslo agreements is irrelevant.”
 * When our article makes claims about Fateh even more extreme than the Israeli position, we know for sure that something is wrong. In general it is a clear violation of WP:NPOV to write an article on an organization primarily from the viewpoint of its enemies. Zerotalk 01:47, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

Zero, I think it is a valid point that the stated goals of a political organization may not always represent the goals of the current leadership. I'm therefore thinking about how to reword the description of Fatah's goals to make it as objective as possible. Still, I do believe that an encyclopedia entry on an organization should state that organization's goals, without giving interpretations about how well those goals are being implemented or why they may be being ignored for practical reasons. Ditto for opinions about theoretical cancellations of the organization's constitution/charter. I think quotes like the one you cited with an anonymous Israeli official are more appropriate for an article on the constitution itself, in a subsection about opinions regarding the currency of the stated goals/mission of Fatah. Objectively, Fatah's stated goals are not "extreme"; they just are. If Fatah feels that those goals are extreme, they can always officially and incontrovertibly rewrite that entire section.

BTW, it is not hard to find quotes by prominent Fatah officials supporting the original goals of the movement, and that Fatah is distinct from the PA. Here are two examples from one webpage (http://ironicsurrealism.com/2011/05/22/mahmoud-abbas-palestinian-authority-fatah-no-peace-no-israel/):

1. Source: Al-Hayat Al-Jadida, Aug. 1, 2010 “[PA Minister of Tourism, Khuloud] Daibes, said: ‘This day [Festival for Tourism and Cultural Heritage] is meant to bring joy to people’s hearts and to preserve the Palestinian heritage. Moreover, it is part of the popular resistance whose goal is to bring about an end to Israel.’” (4th blue paragraph)

2. Muhammad Dahlan said, “I want to say for the thousandth time, in my own name and in the name of all of my fellow members of the Fatah movement: We do not demand that the Hamas movement recognize Israel. On the contrary, we demand of the Hamas movement not to recognize Israel, because the Fatah movement does not recognize Israel, even today… It’s required of the government but not of Hamas; it’s required of the government but not of the Fatah, so that this government will be able to offer the necessary assistance, to carry out the necessary reconstruction, to offer assistance to the sick, to bring relief to needy families… This can be dealt with [only] by a government that has relations with the international community, one that is acceptable to the international community, in order that we can work together and benefit from the international community.” –[PA (Fatah) TV, March 17, 2009] (Video and quote is at bottom of webpage.)

So while the anonymous Israeli official may feel that the original goals are irrelevant, at least two known Palestinian officials disagree. This is just another example of why it is preferable to quote an official document rather than the opinions of various pundits. Still, I do agree that caution must be used when dealing with political entities, and I hope to find an academic source for at least the general problem of political organizations' goals, if not the specific case of Fatah.

RBK613 (talk) 11:08, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

OK, edited the section on goals to include a footnote clarifying the problem of assuming the stated goals of organizations are always operative. Also found online book dealing specifically with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and ideology, though the specific page of the book linked to talks more about Hamas. Still, I think the point is clear, and hopefully this edit adequately addresses the need for objectivity in mentioning Fatah's official goals.

Fatah's original goal and ideology is missing from the article. Thewildshoe (talk) 10:40, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

RBK613 (talk) 09:26, 6 September 2011 (UTC)

Goal?
"Article (12) Complete liberation of Palestine, and eradication of Zionist economic, political, military and cultural existence." Wont this mean the destruction of Israel, as what they call zionism is mostly Israel? I though Fatah reconiced Israel? I though they wanted peace? --84.211.0.120 (talk) 16:04, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

Antisemitism should be in the ideology, shouldn't it? I mean, they're not just opposed to zionists, theyre opposed to Jews, even the moderate ones. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 169.147.3.27 (talk) 16:51, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

That's not realistic. Fatah has for a long time recognized the right of any Israeli who renounced ZIonism to live in a Palestinian state. It goes back to progress made intellectually by the movement made in the first years of the movement, culminating in works like "The Palestinian Revolution and the Jews" by the PLO research centre in Beirut. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.102.250.223 (talk) 00:40, 2 August 2012 (UTC)

Then why isn't this intellectual progress mentioned in any way in the article? Fatah's stance on Jews before and after the intellectual progress is missing from the article. Thewildshoe (talk) 10:40, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

Gap
Is it just me, or is there a gap in the historical timeline between 1982 and 2000? ~ MD Otley (talk) 20:27, 28 April 2014 (UTC)

Fatah, Hamas and Palestinian unity
In the context of the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, the Irish senator David Norris said that "[...] Israel is afraid of Palestinian unity. That is what all of this is about. It has nothing to do with the appalling murder of those three Israeli kids. The Israeli police knew that Hamas had nothing to do with it before this war started. Israel created Hamas in order to split Fatah, so it is responsible for Hamas. I had this confirmed at the highest level in the foreign ministry in Jerusalem some years ago. [...]"

Source: speech at the Senate of Ireland on Thursday 31 July 2014. Text:, video:.

Dt Mos Ios (talk) 17:54, 16 August 2014 (UTC).
 * Boldly added this to the article. – Zumoarirodoka(talk)(email) 18:15, 4 May 2016 (UTC)

"Two-state solution" as ideology?
I remember some time ago removing the "two-state solution" descriptor in the "ideology" section of this article's infobox. Why has this been reinstated? Liborbital (talk) 02:02, 25 December 2016 (UTC)

 * its not ideology its a political fair policy 49.180.209.7 (talk) 08:49, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

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Fatah's ideology is "Secularism"????!!!!
The Basic Law approved in 2002 by the Palestinian Legislative Council and signed by then-President Yasser Arafat STATED that Islam is the official religion of Palestine, and It also declared: "Shari'a shall be the main source of legislation". I'm deleting "Secularism" as part of Fatah's ideology, and writing "Moderate religious influence". Cid Campeador3 (Cid Campeador3|talk) 00:02, 23 November 2014 (UTC).
 * I added "moderate Islamist influences" in infobox, according to this article in the Middle East Quarterly, but this has been reverted. What do other editors think of this? – Zumoarirodoka(talk)(email) 18:11, 4 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Fatah isn't secular. I think the article should at least have a footnote next to secularism that says it's disputed whether it's secular or not. Kart2401real (talk) 00:15, 25 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Any sources for that claim? And are you aware, that - just as in other political contexts, such as the IRA - more radical or extremist groups split off from time to time. The Fatah al-islam e.g. are a small group of religious extremists and don't have much in common with the original "Fatah" founded led by deceased Yasser Arafat. While "Fatah al-Islam" is connected to Al-Quaida, "Fatah" itself is democratic and secular for sure, officially recognizing Israel's right to exist in peace and promoting a "two-state" solution for palestine. 2003:C3:F73F:5600:D4B2:2D0F:246F:79F4 (talk) 10:31, 16 October 2023 (UTC)

Ressurecting this discussion. The infobox currently lists "secularism" under ideology, but this is footnoted with a quote from Fatah's Basic Law as follows: "Islam is the official religion in Palestine. Respect for the sanctity of all other divine religions shall be maintained; The principles of Islamic Shari’a shall be a principal source of legislation." This is a flat-out contradiction. While Fatah is clearly less explicitly Islamist than Hamas, and it is important that the article points this out so readers can understand Fatah in the context of the Palestinian political landscape, it is stretching the word "secularism" to breaking point to describe a party as secular if it privileges a particular official religion, no matter how much freedom it may offer to the practice of other religions. Beorhtwulf (talk) 17:12, 6 February 2019 (UTC)

Fatah's Ideology
Fatah parctiaclly speaking is not Secular, Islamist, or anthing. It is a broad part aka Big tent for Palestinian nationalists, Fatah members rang from Islamists, Secularists, and many other things. The only thin I would say that they have in common is that they are Palestinian Nationalists that support the Two-state solution. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.244.64.230 (talk) 18:59, 10 July 2020 (UTC)

Palestine - NOT secular.
In regards to the discussion above, is anything being done to remove the "secular" ideology reference in this article? It has been mentioned by two editors above, but nothing has been done.

To call an islamic state secular is absolutely ridiculous. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.117.127.8 (talk) 09:20, 30 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Fatah is not a state, nor is the only political party in Palestine. MarioGom (talk) 09:43, 30 December 2020 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 4 January 2023
This is a minor grammatical change for the sake of clarity.

In the "History" section, scroll down to:

"2009 6th General Assembly"

Check third paragraph:

"Delegates resolved not to resume Israeli-Palestinian peace talks until 14 preconditions were met. Among these preconditions were the release of all Israel-held Palestinian prisoners, a freeze on freezing all Israeli settlement construction, and the end of the Gaza blockade.[42]"

(Well, obviously, "a freeze on freezing ... construction" means just the opposite of what was intended.)

You might DELETE the redundant gerund, "freezing" (probably left in by accident following an earlier edit). The sentence would then read: "Among these preconditions were the release of all Israel-held Palestinian prisoners, a freeze on all Israeli settlement construction, and the end of the Gaza blockade."

Alternatively, you might adjust the gerund thus: "Among these preconditions were the release of all Israel-held Palestinian prisoners, the freezing of all Israeli settlement construction, and the end of the Gaza blockade."

(Personally, I would also alter that final clause to "... an end to the Gaza blockade." - which I find easier on the eye. But that's a style choice.) Eric Colvin (talk) 09:02, 4 January 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ ℰ mi1y⧼T·C⧽ 08:45, 5 January 2023 (UTC)

"fatehmedia"
Fatah own both "fatehmedia.ps" and "fatahmedia.ps", what should be used? 2001:EE0:41C1:9462:D19D:E7A8:B02F:D22C (talk) 04:25, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

Add citation to claim with citation needed tag

 * What I think should be changed (format using textdiff):

 * Why it should be changed:

This change adds a citation for the sentence, resolving the citation needed tag.

 * References supporting the possible change (format using the "cite" button):

Excerpt from the source supporting the claim made in the sentence: "Complicating matters is the fact that Abbas heads not just the PA but also the PLO and, within it, Fatah. Each has its own internal mechanisms for choosing a new leadership, but in no case is the process likely to be smooth, as Abbas has turned each body into an appendage of himself, sidelining segments of Fatah that were critical to him in 2005 – local powerbrokers known as the Tanzim, as well as youth and other rank and file – and undermining institutional procedures.123 A former senior Fatah official and PNC member said, “When Abu Mazen passes from the scene, the political vacuum should be dealt with in accordance with the law, but there is no law that can be implemented, because he has destroyed the laws in Palestine by his decrees and actions”." }}

Flipped script (talk) 03:44, 23 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting question.svg Question: So I am just replacing the citation needed tage with the ref below this? Cherrell410 (talk) 23:50, 1 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Not sure how that is ambiguous, but yes... 👍 Mattdaviesfsic (talk) 07:01, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

 * I could be wrong, but as far as I can tell, the source seems to be about the political vacuum that Abbas would leave behind. There is no mention of the "exacerbated tensions" that the unsourced statement is referring to. what do you think? M.Bitton (talk) 13:36, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

 * I fiddled with the text and added the cite. Is it OK? Selfstudier (talk) 14:55, 5 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That's in line with what the source is saying. Let's see if and  agree with it. M.Bitton (talk) 15:10, 5 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks all. The text change looks good to me. I noticed the reference in the article is a bare url, so I'd recommend making that a full citation. Flipped script (talk) 15:53, 5 July 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ M.Bitton (talk) 16:01, 5 July 2023 (UTC)

Fatah Paramilitary Wing?
Isn’t the al-aqsa martyrs brigades the paramilitary wing of Fatah? Tony808 (talk) 21:12, 3 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Fatah disarmed after the Oslo accords, any armed groups claiming their symbols and name like Fatah al Intifada are generally splinters. Vif12vf/Tiberius (talk) 01:37, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

Flag
Since the flag of Fatah is apparently protected by copyright I think it might be a good idea to create an infobox icon like with Hezbollah. Charles Essie (talk) 18:09, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

Does Fatah still maintain militant groups?
The way the intro section is worded is ambiguous. It says Fatah “has maintained militant groups”. Ok, it has in the past but Does it still maintain militant groups, yes or no? Armed maybe, but militant? I can’t find any secondary source evidence that groups like Al Asifah are still active. If the answer is no, then it should say Fatah has maintained militant groups but as of 2024, does no longer. Otherwise I, as a reader, am left wondering whether Fatah is not only armed, but still has militant factions engaging in terrorist acts. I thought they formally renounced the Al Aqsa martyrs brigades Wickster12345 (talk) 00:54, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 20 July 2024
Remove ISIS from opponents. Source cited is not legitimate. 2001:861:388E:C4C0:B577:751D:A1F5:4D39 (talk) 19:25, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fatah