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Accession of Turkey to the European Union

Turkey is negotiating its accession to the European Union (EU) as a member state, following its application to become a full member of the European Economic Community (EEC), the predecessor of the EU, on 14 April 1987.

After the ten founding members in 1949, Turkey became one of the first new members (the 13th member) of the Council of Europe in 1950. The country became an associate member of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1963 and was an associate member of the Western European Union from 1992 to its end in 2011. Turkey signed a Customs Union agreement with the EU in 1995 and was officially recognised as a candidate for full membership on 12 December 1999, at the Helsinki summit of the European Council.

Negotiations for full membership were started on 3 October 2005. Progress was slow: out of the 35 chapters necessary to complete the accession process, only 16 had been opened and one had been closed by May 2016. The early 2016 refugee deal between Turkey and the European Union was intended to accelerate negotiations after previous stagnation and allow visa-free travel through Europe for Turks.

Since 2016, accession negotiations have stalled. The EU has accused and criticized Turkey for human rights violations and deficits in rule of law. In 2017, EU officials said that the strong presidency created by the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum would violate the Copenhagen criteria of eligibility for an EU membership.

On 20 February 2019, a European parliament committee voted to suspend the accession talks, sparking criticism from the government of Turkey. Turkey's accession negotiations have therefore effectively come to a standstill and no further chapters can be considered for opening or closing and no further work towards the modernisation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union is foreseen.

On 30 January 2023, the Table of Six (then-main opposition alliance) in Turkey released a memorandum of understanding for common policies. It re-affirmed the opposition's intent to continue the EU accession talks if they were to be elected in that year's elections. It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Ukraine.

Background

After the Ottoman Empire's collapse following World War I, Turkish revolutionaries led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk emerged victorious in the Turkish War of Independence, establishing the modern Turkish Republic as it exists today. Atatürk, President of Turkey, implemented a series of reforms, including secularisation and industrialisation, intended to "Europeanise" or Westernise the country. During World War II, Turkey remained neutral until February 1945, when it joined the Allies. The country took part in the Marshall Plan of 1947, became a member of the Council of Europe in 1950, and a member of NATO in 1952. During the Cold War, Turkey allied itself with the United States and Western Europe. The Turkish position vis-à-vis Europe has been characterized as "Europe has been an object of desire as well as a source of frustration for Turkish national identity in a long and strained history".

1950s–1990s
Turkey first applied for associate membership in the European Economic Community in 1959, and on 12 September 1963 signed the "Agreement Creating An Association Between The Republic of Turkey and the European Economic Community", also known as the Ankara Agreement. This agreement came into effect the following year on 12 December 1964. The Ankara Agreement sought to integrate Turkey into a customs union with the EEC whilst acknowledging the final goal of membership. In November 1970, a further protocol called the "Additional Protocol" established a timetable for the abolition of tariffs and quotas on goods traded between Turkey and the EEC.

On 14 April 1987, Turkey submitted its application for formal membership into the European Economic Community. The European Commission responded in December 1989 by confirming Ankara's eventual membership but also by deferring the matter to more favourable times, citing Turkey's economic and political situation, as well its poor relations with Greece and the conflict with Cyprus as creating an unfavourable environment with which to begin negotiations. This position was confirmed again in the Luxembourg European Council of 1997 in which accession talks were started with central and eastern European states and Cyprus, but not Turkey. During the 1990s, Turkey proceeded with closer integration with the European Union by agreeing to a customs union in 1995. In 1999, following the Greek-Turkish earthquake diplomacy, Greece lifted its opposition to Turkey's accession to the European Union. Moreover, the Helsinki Summit European Council of 1999 proved a milestone as the EU recognised Turkey as a candidate on equal footing with other potential candidates.

2000s
The next significant step in EU–Turkey relations came with the December 2002 Copenhagen European Council. According to it, "the EU would open negotiations with Turkey 'without delay' if the European Council in December 2004, on the basis of a report and a recommendation from the Commission, decides that Turkey fulfills the Copenhagen political criteria." French President Jacques Chirac and German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder expressed joint support for the December 2004 European Commission summit meeting agenda for Turkey joining the European Union.

The European Commission recommended that the negotiations should begin in 2005, but also added various precautionary measures. The EU leaders agreed on 16 December 2004 to start accession negotiations with Turkey from 3 October 2005. While Austria and Germany initially wanted to leave open the possibility that negotiations with Turkey would lead to a privileged partnership, less than full membership, accession negotiations were ultimately launched with the "shared objective" of membership.

Turkey's accession talks have since been stalled by a number of domestic and external problems. Both Austria and France have said they would hold a referendum on Turkey's accession. In the case of France, a change in its Constitution was made to impose such a referendum, but later another constitutional change has enabled the parliament (if a large majority of its members agrees) to prevent such a referendum. The issue of Cyprus continues to be a major obstacle to negotiations. European officials have commented on the slowdown in Turkish reforms which, combined with the Cyprus problem, led the EU's Enlargement Commissioner Olli Rehn in March 2007 to warn of an impending 'train crash' in the negotiations. Due to these setbacks, negotiations again came to a halt in December 2006, with the EU freezing talks in 8 of the 35 key areas under negotiation.

In 2007, Turkey stated that they were aiming to comply with EU law by 2013, but Brussels refused to back that as a deadline for membership. In 2006 President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso said that the accession process will take at least until 2021. In a visit to Germany on 31 October 2012, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan made clear that Turkey was expecting membership in the Union to be realised by 2023, the 100th Anniversary of the Turkish Republic, implying that they could end membership negotiations if the talks had not yielded a positive result by then. Turkish President Abdullah Gül said that upon completing the accession process Turkey will hold a referendum for Turkish membership in the European Union.

In December 2009, EU member the Republic of Cyprus blocked 6 chapters of Turkish accession negotiations, including those on Judiciary and Fundamental Rights, Energy and Education and Culture, arguing that Turkey needs to first normalise relations with Cyprus. As a result, no chapters have been opened since June 2010. Hence, there is no chapter Turkey could open other than the difficult and economically detrimental chapters Competition Policy, Social Policy and Employment, and Public Procurement that most candidate countries open at the end of accession as all other chapters were blocked. In February 2013, Turkish Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry for EU Affairs, Burak Erdenir, claimed that the EU had yet to communicate to Turkey the benchmark criteria for opening chapters 23 and 24, Judiciary & Fundamental Rights and Justice, Freedom & Security, which was to be done after screening of the chapters was completed in 2006, thus making it impossible to comply with them. He also suggested this was a deliberate attempt to slow their accession process.

Positive agenda (2012–13)
After over two years of no chapter openings, the European Commission set up a "Positive Agenda" designed to focus on common EU-Turkey interests. EU Commissioner for expansion Stefan Füle describes that the goal was "to keep the accession process alive and put it properly back on track after a period of stagnation which has been a source of frustration for both sides." The EU Commission mentioned a broad range of areas as the main elements of the Agenda such as "intensified dialogue and cooperation on political reforms", "visa", "mobility and migration", "energy", "fight against terrorism", "further participation of Turkey in Community programmes", "town twinning", "trade and the Customs Union" and "supporting efforts to align with the acquis, including on chapters where accession negotiations cannot be opened for the time being". The proposal was considered favorably on the condition that it serves as an instrument in support of and complementary to the negotiation process with the EU.

In the framework of "Positive Agenda", Working Groups were established on 8 chapters ("3-Right of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services", "6-Company Law", "10-Information Society and Media", "18-Statistics", "23-Judiciary and Fundamental Rights", "24-Justice, Freedom and Security", "28-Consumer and Health Protection", and "32-Financial Control"). The "Positive Agenda" kick-off meeting was held on 17 May 2012 in Ankara with the participation of Stefan Füle, EU Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy. As a result of the Working Groups meetings held so far, a total of four closing benchmarks were confirmed to have been met by Turkey in three chapters (Company Law, Consumer and Health Protection as well as Financial Control chapters).

On 20 June 2013, in the wake of Ankara's crackdown on mass demonstrations in Taksim Square, Germany blocked the start to new EU accession talks with Turkey. According to the Financial Times, one Turkish official said that such a move could potentially break off political relations with the bloc.

A Eurobarometer poll which included EU countries and candidate countries as well, showed that 43% of Turks viewed the EU positively, as compared with 60% six months previously. In the same poll, 29% of Turks polled expressed support for an EU Constitution, the lowest level of support among EU countries and candidates polled. Germany said that its reservation stems from a technical issue, but then-Chancellor Angela Merkel, an opponent of Turkish entry into the EU, described herself as "shocked" after Ankara's use of overwhelming police force against mostly peaceful demonstrators. France stated that they would not waive their veto over unfreezing four accession chapters with Turkey until after the elections for the European Parliament in June 2014.

Stalled talks (2016–present)
Following President Erdoğan's crackdown on supporters of the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, EU relations became damaged. Erdoğan has indicated his approval of reinstating the death penalty to punish those involved in the coup, with the EU suggesting that this would end its EU ambitions. On 26 July 2016, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker announced that Turkey's EU membership process would come to an end if the death penalty was returned in Turkey. Erdoğan stated in November 2016 that he was considering putting Turkey's continued negotiations with the EU on membership to a referendum in 2017. In November 2016, the European Parliament voted in favour of a non-binding resolution to request that the European Commission temporarily suspend membership negotiations due to the "disproportionate repressive measures" of the government to the coup. On 13 December, the European Council (comprising the heads of state or government of the member states) resolved that it would open no new areas in Turkey's membership talks in the "prevailing circumstances"; Turkey's path toward autocratic rule makes progress on EU accession impossible. In 2016, EU member Austria opposed Turkey's EU membership.

In April 2017, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) voted to reopen its monitoring procedure against Turkey. This vote is widely understood to deal a major blow to Turkey's perspective of eventual EU membership, as exiting that process was made a precondition of EU accession negotiations back in 2004. In June 2017, members of the European Parliament expressed that the strong presidency created by the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum violate the Copenhagen criteria of eligibility for an EU membership. On 6 July 2017, the European Parliament approved a resolution calling for the suspension of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey.

The European Commission's long-term budget proposal for the 2021–2027 period released in May 2018 included pre-accession funding for a Western Balkan Strategy for further enlargement, but omitted Turkey.

In March 2018, Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz opposed Turkey's EU accession talks and urged it to halt membership talks. On 26 June 2018, the EU's General Affairs Council stated that "the Council notes that Turkey has been moving further away from the European Union. Turkey's accession negotiations have therefore effectively come to a standstill and no further chapters can be considered for opening or closing and no further work towards the modernisation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union is foreseen." The Council added that it is "especially concerned about the continuing and deeply worrying backsliding on the rule of law and on fundamental rights including the freedom of expression."

On 20 February 2019, a European parliament committee voted to suspend the accession talks, sparking criticism from the government of Turkey. On 13 March 2019, the European Parliament unanimously voted for a halt to the full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey. In July 2023, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan brought up Turkey's EU membership application during a NATO summit in Vilnius, linking it to Sweden's accession to NATO. According to Dagens Nyheter's data, in September 2023, 60% of Swedes said that Sweden opposes Turkey's EU membership and will not support the membership process, while 7% said that Sweden does not oppose Turkey's EU membership and will support the membership process.

Pre-accession support to Turkey
The European Commission's long-term budget proposal for the 2021-2027 period released in May 2018 included pre-accession funding for a Western Balkan Strategy for further enlargement, but omitted Turkey.

Effect upon the EU

The problem of Turkey's membership of the EU is compounded by conflicting views as to what the EU should ultimately become. This has played a significant role in the debate, due in part to the European debt crisis and the fact that as a result of this the eurozone and the EU overall is more federalised on both fiscal, legal and political levels than it was at the time of Turkey's application or at the time that Turkey was accepted as a candidate. Generally those members of the EU who support a rights-based free trade bloc do not oppose Turkey as adamantly as those who support a broader political union. The latter, in particular, were concerned that unification would be frustrated and the European project threatened by Turkey's inclusion.

Proponents of Turkey's membership argue that Turkey's geographical location will contribute to peace. According to the Swedish foreign minister, Carl Bildt, "the accession of Turkey would give the EU a decisive role for stability in the eastern part of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, which is clearly in the strategic interest of Europe". Poland is a key supporter for Turkey's bid to join the EU, while the United Kingdom has expressed support previously, but not since leaving the EU.

Upon joining the EU, Turkey's 83 million inhabitants would bestow the largest number of MEPs in the European Parliament. Turkey now has a larger population than Germany. However, a single country can only hold a maximum of 96 seats in the European Parliament.

Turkey's membership would also affect future enlargement plans, especially the number of nations seeking EU membership, grounds on which Valéry Giscard d'Estaing has opposed Turkey's admission. Giscard has suggested that it would lead to demands for accession by Morocco. Morocco's application is already rejected for "not being a European country"; Turkey, unlike Morocco, has 3% of its territory in Europe. The vast majority of its population lives in the Asian side of the country. On the other hand, the country's largest city, Istanbul, lies mostly in Europe. On the other hand, Cyprus, which is geographically located in Asia, joined the European Union in 2004. French President Nicolas Sarkozy stated in January 2007 that "enlarging Europe with no limit risks destroying European political union, and that I do not accept ... I want to say that Europe must give itself borders, that not all countries have a vocation to become members of Europe, beginning with Turkey which has no place inside the European Union."

EU member states must unanimously agree on Turkey's membership for the Turkish accession to be successful. A number of nations may oppose it; notably Austria; Germany (former chancellor Angela Merkel has long rejected Turkey's accession bid, and has proposed a "privileged partnership" instead); and France (where some are anxious at the prospect of a new wave of Muslim immigrants, given the country's already large Muslim community).

Negotiations to remove the French constitutional requirement for a compulsory referendum on all EU accessions after Croatia resulted in a new proposal to require a compulsory referendum on the accession of any country with a population of more than 5% of the EU's total population; this clause would mainly apply to Turkey and Ukraine.

The current situation according to the French constitution is as follows: if $3/5$ of the delegates (from the Senate and the Parliament) agree to the accession of Turkey, there will be no referendum.

Benefits to Turkey
Upon accession to the EU, Turkey expects to receive economic development aid. There is also an expectation that there will be an increase in European foreign investment in the Turkish economy, further driving economic growth. During potential economic crisis events, Turkey could benefit from EU assistance.

Free movement of people across the EU will give many Turkish people the opportunity to migrate to other parts of Europe in search of work, or a higher standard of living. The option of migration out of Turkey will inevitably ease tensions in the east of the country, as the prospect of a better standard of living will tend to cool separatist tendencies. However, there have been problems concerning irregular transit migration through Turkey to the EU.

Some secularists in Turkey envisage that the accession of Turkey will contribute to the spread of secular western values in Turkey. Conversely, some non-secularists in Turkey envisage that accession will contribute to the further growth and acceptance of Islam in Europe. The EU accession bid has stimulated Turkey's political and legal reforms and intensified the democratisation process.

Given Turkey's large and growing population, Turkey will have a correspondingly large representation in the European Parliament (2nd and equal with Germany, with 96 seats in EU parliament). This will give Turkey a strong direct influence over EU policies.

Economy

Turkey has the world's 11th largest GDP-PPP and 20th largest Nominal GDP. The country is a founding member of the OECD and the G-20 major economies.

Turkey has taken advantage of a customs union with the European Union, signed in 1995, to increase its industrial production destined for exports, while at the same time benefiting from EU-origin foreign investment into the country. In 2008, Turkey's exports reached US$141.8 billion (main export partners: Germany 11.2%, UK 8%, Italy 6.95%, France 5.6%, Spain 4.3%, US 3.88%; total EU exports 56.5%.) However, larger imports amounting to about US$204.8 billion threaten the balance of trade (main import partners: Russia 13.8%, Germany 10.3%, China 7.8%, Italy 6%, USA 4.8%, France 4.6%, Iran 3.9%, UK 3.2%; total EU imports 40.4%; total Asia imports 27%).

The opening of talks regarding the Economic and Monetary Policy acquis chapter of Turkey's accession bid was expected to begin in June 2007, but were stalled by France. Turkey became the European Union's fifth-largest trade partner in 2015 according to data released by Eurostat.

Turkey is set to receive EUR 9.2bn from the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance, a funding mechanism for EU candidate countries.

Population

, the population of Turkey stood at 71.5 million with a yearly growth rate of 1.5%. The Turkish population is relatively young, with 25.5% falling within the 0–15 age bracket. As of February 2023, the population of Turkey is approximately at 87 million people.

Turkey's large population could alter the balance of power in the representative European institutions. Upon joining the EU, Turkey's 83 million inhabitants would bestow it a large number of MEPs in the European Parliament. This is because the European Parliament distributes seats to member states according to their population. Therefore, if Turkey is admitted, it could influence the EU legislation and administration in line with its own policies.

If Turkey were to join the European Union, Istanbul would become the most populous metropolis in the EU (as of 2004).

Foreign relations with EU member states
Turkey has no diplomatic relations with 🇨🇾 Cyprus as Turkey does not recognize the government of the Republic of Cyprus,

Cyprus
Cyprus was divided when, on 20 July 1974, Turkey invaded and occupied a third of the island in response to an Athens-engineered coup aimed at annexing Cyprus to Greece. Since then, Turkey has refused to acknowledge the Republic of Cyprus (an EU member since 2004) as the sole authority on the island, and recognizes the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus since its establishment in 1983. The Turkish invasion in 1974 and the resulting movement of refugees along both sides of the Green Line, and the establishment of the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 1983, form the core issues which surround the ongoing Cyprus dispute.

Turkey and the Turkish Cypriots backed the 2004 Annan Plan for Cyprus aimed at the reunification of the island, but the plan was subsequently rejected by Greek Cypriots on the grounds that it did not meet their needs. According to Greek Cypriots, the latest proposal included maintained residence rights for the many Anatolian Turks who moved to Cyprus after the invasion (and their descendants who were born on the island after 1974), while the Greek Cypriots who lost their property after the Turkish invasion would be granted only a restricted right of return to the north following the island's proposed reunification. Although the outcome received much criticism in the EU as well, the Republic of Cyprus was admitted into the EU a week after the referendum.

The Turkish government has refused to officially recognise the Republic of Cyprus until the removal of the political and economic blockade on the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Turkey's non-recognition of the Republic of Cyprus has led to complications within the Customs Union. Under the customs agreements which Turkey had already signed as a precondition to start EU membership negotiations in 2005, it is obliged to open its ports to Cypriot planes and vessels, but Turkey has not complied so far; refusing to do so until the EU eases the international isolation of Northern Cyprus. In February 2013, Turkish EU Minister Egemen Bağış told the Republic of Cyprus, "if you truly want salvation, truly want peace, then remove your blockade of Ercan Airport to EU member countries and Turkey will open its ports to you."

Turkey's refusal to implement a trade pact between Turkey and the EU that requires the Turkish government to allow Greek Cypriot vessels to use its air and seaports has prompted the EU to freeze eight chapters in Turkey's accession talks.

In November 2009, Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Cemil Çiçek declared that, should Turkey be forced to choose between supporting either EU membership or Turkish Cypriots, "[then] Turkey's choice will forever be to stand next to the Turkish Cypriots. Everybody should understand this."

Greece
The issue of Turkish membership has been contentious in Greece. An opinion poll from 2005 suggested that only 25% of Greeks believe Turkey has a place in the European Union. The former Greek Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis stated that Turkish membership of the EU could only be predicated upon, "full compliance, full accession" in December 2006. In 2005 the European Commission referred to relations between Turkey and Greece as "continuing to develop positively" while also citing a key barrier to progress being Turkey's ongoing claim of casus belli over a dispute about territorial waters boundaries. In September 2017, Greek Prime Minister, Alexis Tsipras, mentioned that halting accession talks with Turkey would be a strategic mistake by the European Union, amid a war of words raging between Germany and Turkey. Also, former Greek Prime Minister, George Papandreou, has urged European Union leaders to keep the doors open to Turkey and to continue dialogue with the Turkish government, in an apparent reference to the former German Chancellor Angela Merkel's calls for the suspension of accession talks with Turkey.

Religion

Turkey has a secular constitution, civil and judicial system with no official religion, although the country's most prominent imam (currently Ali Erbaş) is a civil servant and head of the Religious Affairs Directorate, or Diyanet. 82% of the Turkish population is Muslim of whom over 70% belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. A minority is affiliated with syncretic Alevi branch. A separate study published in 2019 found 89.5% of Turks identify as Muslim. Turkey would be the first and only Muslim-majority country to join or belong to the European Union. Current EU states typically contain large Muslim minorities. By contrast, Christians are believed to compose only 0.2% of Turkey's population.

Official population census polls in Turkey do not include information regarding a person's religious belief or ethnic background due to the regulations set by the Turkish constitution, which defines all citizens of the Republic of Turkey as Turkish in terms of nationality, regardless of faith or race.

There is a tradition of secularism in Turkey. The state has no official religion nor promotes any, and actively monitors. The constitution recognises the freedom of religion for individuals, whereas religious communities are placed under the protection of the state; but the constitution explicitly states that they cannot become involved in the political process (by forming a religious party, for instance) or establish faith-based schools. No party can claim that it represents a form of religious belief; nevertheless, religious sensibilities are generally represented through conservative parties. Turkey used to prohibit by law the wearing of religious headcover and theo-political symbolic garments for both sexes in government buildings, schools, and universities; the law was upheld by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights as legitimate in the Leyla Şahin v. Turkey case on 10 November 2005. However, in 2010, the prohibition of wearing headscarves in universities was lifted.

Cultural differences between Muslim-majority Turkey and predominantly Christian Europe play an important part in the entire debate on Turkish accession to the European Union.

Armenian genocide recognition
In 2004, the French Foreign Minister Michel Barnier stated that Turkey must recognise the systematic massacres of Armenians in 1915 as a genocide. However, he insisted that although France did not set a precondition for European Union entry regarding the matter, he stated that France would raise the issue during negotiations. The President of the European Parliament, Martin Schulz, stated that it must be a precondition for Turkey to recognise the systematic massacres of Armenians in 1915 as genocide.

The government of Turkey rejects such a precondition for EU membership and does not accept it as a part of the EU membership criteria.

In 2006, the European Parliament voted against a proposal to formally add the issue as a membership criterion for Turkey. A similar proposal by Greek and Greek Cypriot MEPs was also rejected by the European Parliament in 2011.

LGBT rights in Turkey

Although homosexuality is not a crime in Turkey, in contravention of European Union directives on human rights; Turkey temporarily banned LGBT pride parades in 2015 and 2016. Reasons given for the ban were "security concerns", and "religious sensitivities of the public" caused by holding the parade during the month of Ramadan.

Article 301
Article 301 states that "a person who publicly insults the Turkish nation, the State of the Republic of Turkey, or the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, shall be punishable by imprisonment of between six months and two years" and also that "expressions of thought intended to criticise shall not constitute a crime."

The EU was especially critical of this law during the September 2005 trial of novelist Orhan Pamuk over comments that recognised the deaths of thirty thousand Kurds and a million Armenians. Enlargement commissioner Olli Rehn and members of the European Parliament called the case "regrettable", "most unfortunate", and "unacceptable". After the case was dropped three months later, Turkey's Foreign Minister Abdullah Gül indicated that Turkey may abandon or modify Article 301, stating that "there may be need for a new law". In September 2006, the European Parliament called for the abolition of laws, such as Article 301, "which threaten European free speech norms". On 30 April 2008, the law was reformed. According to the reform, it is now a crime to explicitly insult the "Turkish nation" rather than "Turkishness"; opening court cases based on Article 301 require the approval of the Justice Minister; and the maximum punishment has been reduced to two years in jail.

Kemal Kerinçsiz, a patriotic lawyer, and other members of Büyük Hukukçular Birliği (Great Jurists Union) headed by Kerinçsiz, have been "behind nearly all of [Article 301] trials." In January 2008, Kerinçsiz was arrested for participating in an ultra-nationalist underground organisation, Ergenekon, allegedly behind the attacks on the Turkish Council of State and Cumhuriyet newspaper, the assassination of several Christian missionaries and Armenian-Turkish journalist Hrant Dink, as well as allegedly plotting the assassination of Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk. The Ergenekon trials were later attributed to a plot organized by a "foreign-based Gulenist terror organization" and all charges were dropped after the attempted military coup by Gulenists on 15 July 2016.

Women's rights

Turkey gave women the right to vote in 1930 for municipal elections. In 1934 this right was expanded for the national elections, while women were also given the right to become elected as MPs in the Turkish Parliament, or for being appointed as Ministers, Prime Minister, Speaker of the Parliament and President of the Republic. In 1993 Tansu Çiller became the first female Prime Minister of Turkey.

In its second report on women's role in social, economic, and political life in Turkey, the European Parliament emphasised that respecting human rights, including women's rights, is an essential condition for Turkey's membership in the EU. According to the report, Turkey's legal framework on women's rights "has in general been satisfactory, but its substantive implementation remains flawed."

Conscientious objectors
Turkey is one of two states (along with Azerbaijan) among the 47 members of the Council of Europe which refuse to recognise the status of conscientious objectors or give them an alternative to military service, other than a reduction of service by paying a tax.

In the EU
Public opinion in EU countries generally opposes Turkish membership, though with varying degrees of intensity. The Eurobarometer September–October 2006 survey shows that 59% of EU-27 citizens were against Turkey joining the EU, while only about 28% were in favour. Nearly all citizens (about 9 in 10) expressed concerns about human rights as the leading cause. In the earlier March–May 2006 Eurobarometer, citizens from the new member states were more in favour of Turkey joining (44% in favour) than the old EU-15 (38% in favour). At the time of the survey, the country whose population most strongly opposed Turkish membership was Austria (con: 81%), while Romania was most in favour of the accession (pro: 66%). On a wider political scope, the highest support came from the Turkish Cypriot Community (pro: 67%) (which is not recognised as a sovereign state and is de facto not EU territory and out of the European institutions). These communities were even more in favour of the accession than the Turkish populace itself (pro: 54%). Opposition in Denmark to Turkish membership was polled at 60% in October 2007, despite the Danish government's support for Turkey's EU bid.

There is a trend in declining support since 2000 that has continued due to the 2013 Gezi protests and the Purges in Turkey (2016–present). In the past support for Turkish accession came especially from left-wing parties, but more recently both sides of the political spectrum in Europe have been highly critical of Turkey's human rights record. Opposition to Turkish accession is higher in countries such as Bulgaria and Germany which have a high population of Turkish diaspora or Muslims in Europe. YouGov polls from 2016 and 2019 have found respondents from France, Germany, Denmark, Finland and Sweden to have the largest net opposition to Turkey's EU bid out of several other choices, including Israel and Russia.

In Turkey
The opening of membership talks with the EU in December 2004 was celebrated by Turkey with much fanfare, but the Turkish populace has become increasingly sceptical as negotiations were delayed based on what it views as lukewarm support for its accession to the EU and perceived double standards in its negotiations particularly with regard to the French and Austrian referendums. A mid-2006 Eurobarometer survey revealed that 43% of Turkish citizens view the EU positively; just 35% trust the EU, 45% support enlargement and just 29% support an EU constitution.

Moreover, Turks were divided on whether to join at all. A 2007 poll put Turkish support for accession to the EU at 41.9% (up from 32% in 2006), with 27.7% opposed and 24.0% indifferent. A 2009 poll showed that support for accession had risen to 48%, even as negative views of the EU had risen from 28% to 32%. A 2013 poll showed Turkish support for the EU bid at one third of the population, and opposition to double that share.

According to the Transatlantic Trends survey for 2013, 60% of Turks have an unfavourable view of the European Union and most Turks believe that working with Asia is more important to their national interests than working with Europe. Around 44% of Turks believe EU membership could be good for the economy in contrast with 61% for EU citizens. During an interview with Euractiv, EU Minister Egemen Bağış stated that: "This is what Europe needs to do; they need to say that when Turkey fulfills all requirements, Turkey will become a member of the EU on date X. Then, we will regain the Turkish public opinion support in one day."

Major current viewpoints
"... under my Presidency of the Commission ... no further enlargement will take place over the next five years. As regards Turkey, the country is clearly far away from EU membership. A government that blocks Twitter is certainly not ready for accession."
 * 🇪🇺 2014 EU Presidential candidates Jean-Claude Juncker (EEP) and Martin Schulz (S&D) promised that Turkey would never join the European Union while either one of them were President, reasoning that Turkey had turned its back on European democratic values. Juncker won the election and became the new president of the EU in November 2014. He stated that April:
 * 🇹🇷 Primary reasons for Turkey's persistent requests to join the EU are, among others, the many Turks in Europe and the importance of trade between the two. Turkey is, however, also increasingly disappointed with the widespread opposition to its accession among EU member states. In September 2012, Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan was asked by CNN if Turkey still wants to join the EU. His response: "There are 5 million Turks in Europe and 3 million Turks in Germany alone. We are a natural member of the European Union. Germany invited Turkish workers 50 years ago, however, 50 years have passed and we have waited at the European Union's doorstep. No other country has experienced such a thing. We will be patient until a point. However, when we cross that point, we will bring light to the situation and decide accordingly." During a trip to Yalta, Erdoğan expressed his stern disappointment regarding the EU accession process: "We are still an EU negotiating candidate. At such a position, I wish EU accession. Otherwise, such a scenario would affect a large region including Ukraine and Turkey."
 * 🇩🇪 Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel has repeatedly opposed full membership of Turkey to the EU at German-Turkish summits, advocating instead a privileged partnership. Some Christian Democrats back fuller support for Turkey, risking the chancellor becoming more isolated in advocating for a "privileged partnership". In September 2011, on the occasion of the visit of the Turkish president Gül, Merkel said: "We don't want the full membership of Turkey. But we don't want to lose Turkey as an important country", referring to her idea of a strategic partnership. In 2006, Chancellor Merkel said "Turkey could be in deep, deep trouble when it comes to its aspirations to join the European Union" regarding its refusal to open up its ports to European Union member Cyprus. Again in 2014, when Erdogan urged Merkel to strongly support his country's bid, there was no sign the chancellor had relinquished her skepticism. She revealed after the two had talked: "I personally said that we are in a negotiation process that has certain outcome and no fixed time frame. It is no secret and nothing has changed in my view that I am sceptical about full membership for Turkey." In a TV debate in September 2017, then-German chancellor Angela Merkel and her challenger Martin Schulz both said that they would seek an end to Turkey's membership talks with the European Union.
 * 🇫🇷 Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy opposed the entrance of Turkey in the European Union, arguing the country was too big, too poor, and too culturally different to join the EU. Former President Francois Hollande, however, reaffirmed support for Turkey in 2012, intending to smooth the way for French companies seeking contracts in Turkey. Franco-Turkish relations remained tense after Turkey imposed a law in 2009 that criminalised recognition of the killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in 1915 as a genocide; a move France's Constitutional Court reversed, in turn, causing French firms' share of foreign investment in Turkey to shrink from 6% in 2009 to 3% in 2012. Leaders of French infrastructure companies were especially eager to enter the Turkish markets for nuclear security and rail infrastructure, expected to respectively be worth $40 and $50 billion by 2020.

Timeline

 * In September 1999, following a thaw in Greek-Turkish relations after mutual help in earthquake relief, Greek Foreign Minister George Papandreou told The Guardian "Greece not only wants to see Turkey in the EU, it wants to be pulling the cart of a European Turkey", and that it was within his nation's interests as a way to avoid "continual conflict and tension with the block and European standards".
 * 🇫🇷/🇪🇺 In November 2002, then-French President and then-President of the European Convention Valéry Giscard d'Estaing said in an interview with the French newspaper Le Monde, "Turkey is an important country close to Europe, but it is not a European country. It is not a European country because its capital is not in Europe and 95% of its population lives outside Europe." he said. Estaing continued as follows: "The Union should now focus on internal financial problems and the construction of European harmony instead of expansion. Those who most support Turkey joining the Union are actually opponents of the European Union. In fact, the majority of European Council members are against Turkey joining, but the Turks were never told this. Turkey joining the European Union would mean the end of the European Union."
 * 🇪🇺 The 2005 EU Progress Report stated that: "On 29 July 2005, Turkey signed the Additional Protocol adapting the EC Turkey Association Agreement to the accession of 10 new countries on 1 May 2004. At the same time, Turkey issued a declaration stating that the signature of the Additional Protocol did not amount to recognition of the Republic of Cyprus. On 21 September, the EU adopted a counter-declaration indicating that Turkey's declaration was unilateral, did not form part of the Protocol, and had no legal effect on Turkey's obligations under the Protocol. The EU declaration stressed that recognition of all Member States was a necessary component of the accession process. It also underlined the need for supporting the efforts of the Secretary General of the UN to bring about a comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus problem which would contribute to peace, stability and harmonious relations in the region."
 * 🇪🇺 In November 2006, the European Commission members decided to suspend parts of the talks with Turkey regarding accession, as Turkish officials said that they will not open Turkish ports to traffic from the Republic of Cyprus until the EU eases its embargo on Turkish-controlled northern Cyprus.
 * 🇪🇺 In 2007, European Commission President José Manuel Barroso said that Turkey is not ready to join the EU "tomorrow nor the day after tomorrow", but its membership negotiations should continue. He also called on France and other member states to honour the decision to continue accession talks, describing it as a matter of credibility for the Union.
 * On 28 June 2007, Portuguese State Secretary for European Affairs Manuel Lobo Antunes affirmed that "Turkey should join the EU once it has successfully completed membership talks, which are likely to run for at least a decade." "We think it is important and fundamental that Turkey joins the European Union once it fulfils all the conditions and all the criteria," he said, adding that "Portugal aims in the next six months to 'put the process on track'."
 * 🇮🇹 On 5 November 2008, the Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini declared that "the Italian government will support the inclusion of Turkey in the European Union with all its strength." He indicated that "the Italian Parliament will give a 'clear word' when necessary with the 'enormous majority' of the Berlusconi government, but also with 'the opposition' which it knows it can count on." "Turkey's inclusion will not be a problem, but it will be part of the solution for strengthening Europe in relations with other countries, such as the Caucasus region" he added.
 * 🇮🇹 On 13 November 2008, the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi urged the EU to "accelerate Turkey's membership bid" and pledged to "help Ankara gain accession." Berlusconi pledged to "try and win over those EU members resistant to Turkey's application." "Regarding the opposition shown by certain countries – some of which are important countries – I am confident we will be able to convince them of the strategic importance of Turkey, within the European framework, as a country bordering the Middle East," Berlusconi declared.
 * 🇸🇪/🇫🇷 On 29 May 2009, French President Nicolas Sarkozy cancelled a visit to Sweden scheduled for 2 June 2009, to avoid a clash on the question of Turkey's EU membership just a few days before the European elections and a month before Stockholm took over the EU's rotating presidency. The French President, who is an outspoken opponent of Turkey's entry to the European Union, did not want to highlight the strong divergence of views on this topic with Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt, the French newspaper Le Monde reported on 28 May 2009. Sweden favours further EU enlargement, including to Turkey. Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt told the French newspaper Le Figaro that "the EU has 'a strategic interest' in Turkey's EU integration and warned against 'closing the door' to Ankara." "If we judge Cyprus to be in Europe, although it is an island along Syria's shores, it is hard not to consider that Turkey is in Europe," Bildt said, referring to Sarkozy's repeated statements that Turkey is not a European country and does not belong to Europe. In the Le Figaro interview, Bildt said: "My vision of Europe is not as defensive as I observe it with other people." The French president's trip to Sweden was cancelled the day after the interview was published. "Nicolas Sarkozy cancelled his visit because of the Carl Bildt interview," one French minister told Le Monde. "The president wanted to avoid a clash on Turkey and did not want that his visit to Sweden interferes with the elections [five days later]." In March 2013, King Carl XVI of Sweden said that "The EU will become stronger with Turkey"
 * 🇪🇸 On 5 April 2009, Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero stated that "Spain firmly supports Turkey's candidature to enter the EU, provided it meets the necessary requisites." Zapatero told Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan that "Spain's position is 'firm, clear and solid' in favour of Turkey's candidature to enter the European Union." "We must 'open the door' for Turkey to enter 'the EU peace and cooperation project', provided it meets the necessary requisites for integration," Zapatero added; before remarking that "Turkey's entrance is good both for Turkey and for the EU."
 * In November 2009, Greek President Karolos Papoulias stated that he would not support Turkey's accession "as long as Ankara behaves as an occupying force in Cyprus."
 * On 4 November 2009, David Miliband, the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom, during a visit to Turkey underlined the UK government's support for Turkey's bid to join the European Union, saying: "I am very clear that Turkish accession to the EU is important and will be of huge benefit to both Turkey and the EU."
 * On 27 July 2010, David Cameron, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, during a visit to Turkey promised to "fight" for Turkey's membership of the European Union, saying he is "angry" at the slow pace of negotiations. He added that "a European Union without Turkey at its heart is not stronger but weaker... not more secure but less... not richer but poorer." On 22 May 2016, Cameron said that "it is not remotely on the cards that Turkey is going to join the EU any time soon. They applied in 1987. At the current rate of progress they will probably get round to joining in about the year 3000 according to the latest forecasts."
 * 🇪🇺 On 23 December 2010, President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy he said "Turkish reform efforts have delivered impressive results." He continued "Turkey plays an ever more active role in its neighbourhood. Turkey is also a full-standing member of the G-20, just like five EU countries and the EU itself. In my view, even before an outcome of the negotiations, the European Union should develop a close partnership with the Turkish Republic."
 * 🇫🇮 In March 2011, then-Finnish President Tarja Halonen pledged her country's full support for Turkey's European Union membership process.
 * 🇩🇪 On 3 July 2013, at an election rally of the Christian Democrat Party in Düsseldorf, German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble stated that Turkey should not join the European Union as it is not part of Europe.
 * 🇹🇷 On 7 June 2013, Turkey's Undersecretary of the Ministry of EU Affairs Haluk Ilıcak said "The process means more than the accession. Once the necessary levels are achieved, Turkey is big enough to continue its development without the accession. Our aim is to achieve a smooth accession process."
 * 🇨🇿 In 2013, Czech Republic Prime Minister Petr Nečas said: "We continue to believe that Turkey should be given the chance to become a full-fledged member of the European Union after it meets all accession criteria". He described Turkey as an important partner to the EU and praised the constructive role it plays in the Middle East region.
 * 🇹🇷 In March 2016, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that democracy and freedom were "phrases" which had "absolutely no value" in Turkey, after calling for journalists, lawyers and politicians to be prosecuted as terrorists.
 * 🇪🇺 In July 2016, European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini announced that EU membership negotiations would be terminated if the death penalty was reinstated in Turkey.
 * 🇦🇹 In August 2016, then-Austrian Chancellor Christian Kern called for the suspension of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey.
 * 🇹🇷 In March 2017, in a speech given to supporters in the western Turkish city of Sakarya, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said "my dear brothers, a battle has started between the cross and the half moon" (referring to Christianity and Islam respectively) after insulting European government politicians as "Nazis" in the weeks before. The same month, he threatened that Europeans would "not be able to walk safely on the streets" if they kept up banning Turkish ministers from addressing rallies in Europe. European politicians rejected Erdoğan's comments.
 * 🇪🇺 In the context of the imminent Turkish constitutional referendum in April 2017, the Vice President of the European Parliament, Alexander Graf Lambsdorff, summarized the state of affairs as this: "In law Turkey is still a candidate, in fact, it is not. Nobody believes in Brussels or in Ankara for that matter that Turkey will eventually join the European Union. And that is why we say it is better to make a new start and put the relationship on a new foundation."
 * 🇩🇪 In a TV debate in September 2017, then-German chancellor Angela Merkel and her then challenger Martin Schulz both said that they would seek an end to Turkey's membership talks with the European Union.
 * 🇫🇮 In September 2017, then-Finnish foreign minister Timo Soini, announced that they were in favor of not stopping Turkey's membership negotiations with the European Union.
 * 🇦🇹 In December 2017, then-Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz announced that they were in favor of stopping Turkey's accession negotiations with the European Union.
 * 🇦🇹 On 17 July 2018, then-Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz, in an interview with the Greek newspaper Kathimerini, called for ending full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey and developing relations instead of full membership negotiations. Kurz said: "I have been speaking out for years about developing an honest relationship with Turkey." Kurz continued as follows: "EU membership negotiations with Turkey should be stopped immediately. Turkey has continuously moved away from Europe and its values over the last few years. We should also focus on exploring other forms of cooperation between our neighbors the EU and Turkey."
 * 🇦🇹 In September 2023, Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer, in an interview with the German newspaper Die Welt, called for the termination of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey and the development of a new concept within the relations between the EU and Turkey.
 * 🇹🇷 In September 2023, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced that the European Union was well into a rupture in its relations with Turkey and that they could part ways, if necessary, during Turkey's European Union membership process.


text:
Category:Dagestan

 * The Republic of Dagestan — in the (eastern) Caucasus and North Caucasus regions of Southern Russia.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Dagestan


text:
Talk:Tara Lipinski

Biography assessment rating comment
WikiProject Biography Assessment

The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Yamara 18:55, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

NPOV
Little Problem --

I disagree she was the youngest ever to medal at the winter games a Finnish boy of 14 won for ski jump. I am a big fan of Tara and this is in no way meant to be rude, just factualsigned aggiebean

 * According to this page, Toni Nieminen is the youngest male Olympic champion, and he was 16, not 14. Sonja Henie competed in the 1924 Olympics at the age of 11, but did not win.  I'm restoring the sentence about Lipinski being the youngest, and adding a reference.  Dr.frog (talk) 22:54, 26 January 2009 (UTC)

Tedcoombs 00:15, 21 February 2007 (UTC)Ted 20 February 2007

 * Nadia Comăneci was only 14 when she won 5 gold medals. So, Tara is not the youngest as stated. And Fu Mingxia was only 14 when she received the gold medal for diving in 1992 becoming the second youngest. Tedcoombs 00:17, 21 February 2007 (UTC) Tedcoombs

Very obvious. -- Pelladon 05:48, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think that the way to deal with a perceived NPOV problem is to delete a whole bunch of factual material which can be verified by consulting contemporary press reports and other sources. Lipinski's decision to turn pro and the statements and actions of her agent and family were all highly controversial at the time.  Wikipedia's usual policy for dealing with such controversies is to report the facts and to cover both sides of the dispute equally, not to pretend that no controversy exists.  In other words, whitewashing the story to only give the side that presents Lipinski in a favorable or sympathetic way is not NPOV, either.  Dr.frog 21:19, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think deleting material is right without a discussion. All I did was put up a request for NPOV dispute. No one said anything or responded on how this should be handled. Then again, maybe no one cares... I didn't see any controversies, just way too much on personal issues instead of skating info. If you want to put it in, go ahead, but it would have been easier just to add those press reports as External links. And who said anything about whitewashing??? Don't start accusing someone until they've done something first. --Pelladon 08:15, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

How about we simplify the article by simply stating "Tara sucked".
 * Oh GREAT, a vandal on the talk page. Now I've seen everything. --Pelladon 07:49, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Question: from Professional Career On April 7, 1998, Lipinski announced her intention to turn professional in an interview with Katie Couric on the Today Show. She cited a desire to spend more time with her family, to have time for school, and to compete professionally against other Olympic champions. However, rather than spending time at home, Lipinski immediately embarked on full schedule of touring, publicity appearances, and acting engagements which required constant travel; she never attended a regular high school or college; and in the years following she seemed to avoid the more elite professional competitions. was that important? --Pelladon 23:00, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Lipinski's retirement from competitive skating was controversial for two main reasons: first, because she was so young and had such a short career at the elite level, and second, because so many of her statements (and/or those of her agent) about her motivations for turning pro were more or less immediately contradicted by her own actions.  And then later on she changed her whole story and said she turned pro because of her hip injury, which she had never previously mentioned as being a factor at all.  Personally, I don't know what to think the true story might be, or why she felt it necessary to make excuses for her decision at all.  And, FWIW, I don't really blame Lipinski herself for any of this, and actually feel quite sorry for her.  She was just a kid at the time, and I think she and her parents were getting a lot of bad advice from her agent, Mike Burg, who was more concerned about making a quick buck off Lipinski's Olympic medal rather than what was in the best interests of his client's long-term career.  Dr.frog 13:55, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm pointing out the paragraph because it doesn't add anything new that wasn't shown from other paragraphs. Reading the statements in the Professional career heading, you only get bits of info that it's impossible to make sense of any of this. More like sound bites. Doesn't help in understanding at all what happened. Not having direct references makes this even more tedious. I don't know anything about Lipinski, and reading all this doesn't help. The only certain thing was the hip injury, which gave out in the end. Maybe that's the real focus in all of this. Because of this, I can't figure out how to improve this section. --Pelladon 15:05, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

More References
The Lexis-Nexis news database turned up these additional references.

 * On Mike Burg and Tara tarnishing her medal: "Lipinski eyeing repeat at Worlds", The Houston Chronicle, Feb 23, 1998.  Quote:  "Lipinski had indicated she was not committed to defending the world title she won last year in Lausanne, Switzerland. Her agent, Mike Burg, suggested the timing was bad, because a loss could tarnish what Lipinski had accomplished in Japan."

 * On the White House jacket presentation issue: Also mentioned in an AP article "Lipinski's mom cries snub at White House", April 29, 1998; a followup article by Mike Spence in the Colorado Springs Gazette on May 9, 1998; "Thin Ice at the White House", by Amy Shipley in the Washington Post on April 30, 1998; "Olympic champions pass torch to youth", by Gary Mihoces in USA Today on April 30, 1998; and by several other papers that picked up either the AP story or the original Gazette story by the KRT wire.

 * On the USFSA contract issue: "After Kwan's Victory, Only Sure Thing is Change", by Jere Longman in the New York Times, Aug 2, 1998.  Quote:  "Lipinski is committed to an exclusive prime-time deal with CBS this season for two professional competitions.  Both she and Kwan are under contract to compete in a pro-am in Daytona, Fla., in October."  Lipinski refusing to compete in that event and her subsequent contract termination with the USFSA was reported by Mike Spence in the Colorado Springs Gazette on Oct 10, 1998, and by John Powers in the Boston Globe, Oct 18, 1998.  Dr.frog 15:53, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

About References
Wikipedia:Cite sources When you add content [...] Just because a statement is referenced does not mean that it is appropriate or conveys an accurate impression. As implicitly described in the official NPOV policy, even if a citation is from a reputable source, it should provide the reader the gist of the research on a certain subject and not merely carefully selected or out-of-context quotes to support a certain point of view.

Remember that Wikipedia is not for your opinions or for original research. --Pelladon 04:21, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Lipinski's statements and actions around the time she turned pro, and the actions and statements of others on her "team" including her agent and parents, were highly controversial at the time. You can get a sense of this if you wade through the gazillions of archived Usenet postings from rec.sport.skating.ice.figure in 1998. There were also many published editorials and stories in the press either criticizing or defending her. Because there has already been some major revisionist history by Lipinski and/or her team about what really happened -- notably, changing the supposed date of her hip injury long after the fact -- I thought the best approach was to present a detailed chronology of the contradictory statements and actions that were so controversial. If people want to compact or rephrase this material, that's fine. But denying that these things happened, or pretending that there was never any controversy at all, or presenting only the revisionist history or only material that is flattering to Lipinski, is not NPOV, either. The controversy played a significant role in shaping Lipinski's public image and pro career, after all. Dr.frog 05:35, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Dr Frog, if you going to respond to people, it helps to respond to what the person is saying, or trying to say. I'm not asking about denying or defending Lipinski. I'm not asking about presenting only the revisionist history. I'm not asking about the controversy about Lipinski. Your the one who keeps bringing this up. And I truly don't care. It's obvious you don't know or want to understand what someone else is trying to say. You just go into auto-mode with your I have Usenet postings this and that. That's an extremist view, and I don't subscribe to that. Peace. --Pelladon 06:44, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Pelladon, maybe you are not the same person who has been repeatedly deleting this material and adding edit summary notes that they've "proved" these things never happened? Whether or not that is the intent, the deletions *do* have the effect of only presenting the revisionist history and not the full story.  Dr.frog 13:24, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Dr Frog, what evidence do you have that I've deleted anything??? False accusations are not a way of gaining trust or credibility. Is this part of your rebuttal or methodology? I don't have the words to describe a person who resorts to such tactics or falsehoods. Okay, slander might be one. --Pelladon 14:27, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Pelladon, please calm down and stop assuming that everything I say in this thread is directed at you personally. Take a look at the history page -- the latest deletions I was taking issue with were made anonymously.  Maybe that is you, maybe it isn't -- I don't know.  Maybe the person who claims he/she has "proven" this stuff never happened would like to identify him/herself?  Dr.frog 15:06, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * And that gives you the right to point fingers? Guilty until proven innocent? You use weasel-words like maybe to link me or anyone else to your statements. Either make a claim and back it up or don't say it. I don't care about those deletions, that's not my problem. Take it up the admins or something. And stop reminding me of your shortcomings in your thinking or logic. --Pelladon 17:04, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * If the deletions are not your problem, why do you keep responding to my comments about them as if they were personal attacks on you? Even when I tried to point out that my comments were not directed at you, you responded to that as a personal attack, as well.  My concern is only about improving the article to make it more accurate and complete, not whether you are "guilty" of some crime that seems to exist only in your own imagination.  Can we please try to channel this discussion into something more productive?  For example, if you think the article as it currently is written omits critical facts and references that are necessary to present a more balanced view, can you try to fill them in, or at least be more specific in indicating what you think is missing so that others can help track down the necessary details?  Dr.frog 01:39, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Your the one who made the comment "Maybe that is you, maybe it isn't -- I don't know." I'm just responding. Oh, and care to explain why you deleted facts from the Nancy Kerrigan page. The facts that showed her comments made during the award ceremonies? And you talk about omitting critical facts!!! --Pelladon 02:35, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I have no clue what deletions you are talking about on the Nancy Kerrigan page, but if you have particular problems with the content there, please bring them up on its own talk page, not here. In the meantime, let me ask you again:  do you have specific suggestions about what additional facts or references need to be included on the Tara Lipinski page to make the presentation more neutral?  Dr.frog 20:54, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, I think made a mistake about the changes on Nancy Kerrigan. I apologize for that. But you need to understand you have been linking me with deletes and changes, which I have not done ever. I don't want to see my name attached to the words maybe to something that I supposedly did. Fair? Thank You, and now I'll put comments on Lipinski to the NPOV section on top. --Pelladon 21:50, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Iniminimagimo's take
Hi, I'm the first one who did take some lines out. Sorry, I'm relatively new to Wikipedia so, my apologies, I should have discussed it here before taking any action. That's my mea culpa. That is said, taking references, quotes from reliable sources do not mean it gives a NPOV to the article. All the quotes you included in are all 'negatives'. Dr.Frog, just because you did select some quotes over others is a bias. Bias = not neutral. Iniminimagimo 07:04, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem, as long as it wasn't intentional. I take back my vandal accusation. --Pelladon 07:13, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * If people think I have left out quotes and references that are more favorable to Lipinski, please go ahead and add them to the article. But, as I keep pointing out, simply deleting all references to anything controversial or unflattering leaves the article biased in the other direction.  I think it is also unhelpful to people who come to Wikipedia hoping to clear up some of the confusion and misinformation surrounding the events of 1998; by this time, people's memories are beginning to fail, some people now have forgotten that the decision to withdraw from Worlds came some time before she announced she was turning pro, etc.  My intent in coming up with a timeline of these events was to provide a repository of factual information that could be used for reference purposes.  Again, if you think I have omitted crucial facts, go ahead and add them.  But it's not reasonable to claim these other things never happened.  Dr.frog 13:24, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I do not remember the level of negativity towards Tara you seem to believe existed. I do remember there was some discussion over whether turning pro was keeping her from additional major amateur events. In any case, this is supposed to be an encyclopedia, not a news article reference file. How about summarizing the news items into one or two short paragraphs? A lot of the information in Tara's article is slanted. You say there was a controversy. Fine, but please show both sides of it if you truly believe there was one. Tara had/has many fans who probably don't subscribe to the negative opinions. In my personal view, the information about her turning pro should be edited heavily. It is mostly opinionated speculation, regardless of what sources it came from. -- BL, Oct 1, 2005

NPOV and references, take 23
I'm trying to add references and eliminate some of the bias from this article. I also added the small section "Early life". --F a ng Aili talk 16:45, 7 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Gods, I think one of the reasons this article is so biased is because it is so annoying to get information from Lipinski's official website . It continually flashes pictures at you, and you can't even copy and paste the text elsewhere. I can't read the text without being constantly distracted by overly-flowery pictures on the left. Gah. Does anyone know how to get around this? I've tried "view source" but it's a frames page so that doesn't work. --F a ng Aili talk 17:35, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Tara in Context
I think NPOV of this article should be looked at in context of skating in general. Kristi Yamiguchi turned pro after not long after her Gold Medal in 1992. Yamaguchi was never critcized for her decision to turn pro. The Kerrigan-Harding circus put skating in the spotlight as it never was before. Oksana Baiul was only sixteen when she won in 1994. Oksana was not chided for her decision to turn pro. If you look at the articles on these three skaters you will find that they do not have the scrutiny and questioning of the events of their lives that the Lipinski article contains.

The Author of the Lipinski article fails to mention a very important fact when talking about her 1998 Nagano victory. He states, "both Lipinski and Kwan skated excellent programs, with Lipinski winning a narrow victory. Some believe that Lipinski was aided by the fact that she skated near the end of the last group, while Kwan skated first." Lipinski skated a technically superior program to Kwan. He mentions her Triple Loop, Triple Loop above in the article but glosses over her skating a technically superior program at Nagano compared to Kwan.

In general I believe the article is unbalanced and gives too much attention to the negative. Compare the treatment of Tara's professional career to the troubles of Oksana Baiul's professional troubles on this site. If you look at all the articles of female gold medal winners you will see that this articles spends an inordinate amount of time sniping at Tara Lipinski.

Here is an article that gives a different view of things. http://www.post-gazette.com/sports_headlines/19990220shontz5.asp

Michael95 07:34, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

We Desperately Need a Good Picture of Tara
I hope someone can find something we can use. I have tried contacting her and a photographer who's shot her, but no luck so far. Nleobold 16:51, 25 July 2007 (UTC)Nicolas Leobold

Deletion of link per reason: spam
Hello -- Today I saw a link to a documentary that was just removed (reason given: "blatant spam") and I added it because I've seen that documentary which contains good footage of Tara Lipinski and didn't think it was spam. I guess some other poster could change the link to the actual footage so that it's not mistaken for "advertising," but being relatively new here, the quick judgment just struck me as odd. I wonder if it would be considered spam if the poster had used a direct video link itself? Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arch23 (talk • contribs) 18:04, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

 * There is no direct link to the video. The link given is to an online store to purchase the video from A&E. I don't see how that link could be anything but an advertisement to buy that video. Kolindigo 19:03, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, thank you Kolindigo and Arch23 for bringing this up. I'll make a link directly to one that's available online.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.92.222.227 (talk) 06:43, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Tara Lipinski spin.jpg
Image:Tara Lipinski spin.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 22:05, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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New public domain pic added
Just an FYI. I talked to a person with a Flickr account and he released a photo into the public domain. A much more modern photo of Lipinski doing what she does now in the broadcast booth. Thank you by the way. This was put into the infobox and the Olympic period photo from 18 years ago was moved into that time period. With her and Johnny Weir going to be plastered all over our tv's during the summer Olympics, I thought it would be nice to polish up this article. It really needs some inline sourcing help. Fyunck(click) (talk) 19:48, 4 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Question re References section
Hey everyone, I'd like to work on this article, to remove the additional citations template, give it more of a NPOV (which I agree with the talk from years ago stating that it suffers from that), and get it to at least GA-status. I'd also like to change the format of the references from the current list-defined format to the in-line format. The in-line format is easier to manage, IMO, but I'm willing to use whatever format consensus agrees upon. Thanks. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 21:25, 18 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what you mean with the format. Right now there is a reference section below which is required. You can't just link to an outside website with links in prose. Fyunck(click) (talk) 21:33, 18 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm referring to this: WP:CITEVAR, which states that it doesn't matter if you use in-line citations or list-defined citations, as long as you're consistent and that the consensus is followed. Currently, I'm assuming that that the current list-defined format is consensus, so I'm asking if we can change it to the in-line format, which is what I personally prefer.  However, I'm willing to follow the current format if folks want to stay with it.  Hopefully, my explanation isn't too confusing. ;) Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 03:20, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
 * So you would rather do it in a form like the Actuary article? I guess to each his own and maybe others like it, but I really dislike that style. Fyunck(click) (talk) 05:04, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Noooo, I hate that style, too. That's the first article I've ever seen that formats the refs that way.  My preference is another one of the articles I've worked on, Compulsory figures.  I should've given you an example in the first place. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 06:18, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Try Irish phonology, it's just as bad. Your example refs at Compulsory figures is just fine from my end. On a skating note, I do miss seeing those school figures. Yeah, the judging was horrific and because there was little tv, cheating was rampant, but it gave the skater a certain balance and glide that is often missing today in a jump-fest. I always felt it should be a requirement in US skating that each member should show at least minimal proficiency in the art before advancing to to the US Championships. And certainly the word "figure" should be taken out of Figure Skating. But hat's just me rambling on. Fyunck(click) (talk) 10:12, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I have no clear evidence, but I suspect that it's best for more academic topics, although I've worked on academic topics and been mentored in WP by academics, so I dunno. The U.S. was one of the last hold-outs of figures, and included figures in tests, but eventually even they removed figures.  My feeling is that it was a good development.  Skaters hated them, and one of the reason they stayed for so long after jumps and other elements were developed was financial and elitist.  The real reason richer nations (like the U.S.) were opposed to removing figures was they didn't want to give up rink and coaching time, which put poorer nations at a disadvantage.  (Although that ended up being a moot point, since it takes just as much training to develop jumping ability.)  I also think that skaters need to have the same skills in jumping, footwork, and spins (precision, discipline, body control) as they had to have in figures, although that's from a non-skater's perspective.  Does that mean that we need to change the name of the sport?  No, because it recognizes the historical importance of compulsory figures.  It was fun working on the article, though; I learned a lot and am proud that it's the first figure skating FA because it's appropriate from a historical perspective.  I'm a little weary of focusing on technical aspects of figure skating, so I'm looking forward to working on Tara's article 'cause she's so much fun.  I'll wait a little while, though, to see if anyone else chimes in. Christine (Figureskatingfan) (talk) 16:33, 19 August 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:24, 13 April 2021 (UTC)
 * FSR Team flag (2021 Wch).png

Still broadcasting?
Is she still NBC's female figure skating reporter? Google seems to think so. I was trying to figure out whose voices I am hearing on the YouTube videos for the European 2022 figure skating championships. Is it Weir & Lipinski? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Skysong263 (talk • contribs) 04:16, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tara Lipinski


text:
Blind mole-rat

The blind mole-rats, also known as the fossorial or subterranean mole rats, are a subfamily (Spalacinae) of rodents in the family Spalacidae, found in eastern Europe and western and central Asia. The hystricognath mole-rats of the family Bathyergidae are completely unrelated, but some other forms are also in the family Spalacidae. Zokors (subfamily Myospalacinae), root rats, and bamboo rats (subfamily Rhizomyinae) are spalacids also sometimes referred to as mole rats.

Blind mole-rats are in the family Spalacidae, but are unique enough to be given a separate subfamily, Spalacinae. Alternate opinions on taxonomy consider the blind mole-rats to be the only members of the family Spalacidae and rank other spalacid subfamilies as full families. Other authors group all members of the superfamily Muroidea into a single family, Muridae. The Spalacinae contains two genera and eight species. Some authorities treat all species as belonging to a single genus, Spalax, but more recent studies indicate a deep divergence between both lineages dating back to the Late Miocene, supporting them as being distinct genera.

Spalacinae mole-rats are truly blind. Their very small eyes are completely covered by a layer of skin. Unlike many other fossorial rodents, blind mole-rats do not have enlarged front claws and do not appear to use their forearms as a primary digging tool. Digging is almost exclusively conducted using their powerful front teeth, which are separated from the rest of the mouth by a flap of skin. When a blind mole-rat closes its mouth, its incisors are still on the outside. Blind mole-rats may have evolved from spalacids that used their front limbs to dig, because their olecranon processes are large relative to the rest of their arms. The olecranon process is a part of the ulna bone where muscles attach, and digging animals tend to have enlarged olecranon processes to provide a large surface for their large and powerful muscles to attach.

Because they are completely blind, blind mole-rats have been important laboratory animals in tests on how eyes and eye proteins function. Although blind mole-rats have only atrophied subcutaneous eyes and are sightless, their circadian rhythm is kept. A few publications, such as Avivi et al., 2002, have proven that the circadian genes that control the biological clock are expressed in a similar manner as in sighted, above-ground mammals.

Classification

 * Subfamily Spalacinae - blind mole-rats
 * Genus Spalax
 * Mehely's blind mole-rat, S. antiquus
 * Sandy blind mole-rat, S. arenarius
 * Giant blind mole-rat, S. giganteus
 * Bukovina blind mole-rat, S. graecus
 * Oltenia blind mole-rat, S. istricus (possibly extinct)
 * Greater blind mole-rat, S. microphthalmus
 * Kazakhstan blind mole-rat, S. uralensis
 * Podolsk blind mole-rat, S. zemni
 * Genus Nannospalax - small-bodied mole-rats
 * Subgenus Nannospalax
 * Middle East blind mole-rat or Palestine mole-rat, N. ehrenbergi
 * Subgenus Mesospalax
 * Lesser blind mole-rat, N. leucodon
 * Anatolian blind mole-rat or Nehring's blind mole-rat, N. xanthodon

title: Blind mole-rat


text:
Galeries Lafayette

The Galeries Lafayette  is an upmarket French department store chain, the biggest in Europe. Its flagship store is on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris but it now operates a number of locations in France and other countries. In 2019, Galeries Lafayette recorded earnings of over five billion euros. It is a part of the company Groupe Galeries Lafayette and has been a member of the International Association of department stores since 1960.

History
In 1894, Théophile Bader and his cousin Alphonse Kahn opened a fashion store in a small haberdasher's shop at the corner of rue La Fayette and the Chaussée d'Antin, in Paris. In 1896, their company purchased the entire building at 1 rue La Fayette; in 1905 they acquired the buildings at 38, 40 and 42 boulevard Haussmann and 15 rue de la Chaussée d'Antin. Bader commissioned the architect Georges Chedanne and his pupil Ferdinand Chanut to design the store at the Haussmann location, where a glass and steel dome and Art Nouveau staircases were finished in 1912.

From 1921 Maurice Dufrêne directed the Maîtrise workshop of the Galeries Lafayette. This workshop for decorative art and furniture followed the Primavera of the Printemps store founded in 1912 by René Guilleré, Paul Follot's Pomone of Le Bon Marché, and the Studium of the Grands Magasins du Louvre.

In 2018, twenty-two stores in small and mid-sized French cities were turned into franchises and sold to FIB (Financière Immobilière Bordelaise) a company owned by Michel Ohayon. The decision to convert the stores to franchises was done as Galeries Lafayette wanted to focus on expansion internationally and online.

During 2021 eleven stores were franchised with seven sold to Société des Grands Magasins and the three sold to FIB who previously took over twenty two stores in 2018. The eleventh store in Avignon was given to Philippe Sempéré and Nicolas Chambon who also operate the Béziers store.

As of 2022, Galeries Lafayette has opened over 50 stores (including subsidiarised stores) in France alone along with twelve outlet stores.

Paris Haussmann
Galeries Lafayette Haussmann, the flagship store, is located on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, near Opera Garnier, at the corner of Rue La Fayette, close to Chaussée d'Antin – La Fayette Paris Métro station. It is a 70,000 sqm fashion flagship store. A wide range of brands are available at the store to suit all budgets, from ready to wear to haute couture. The architecture of the store is art nouveau, with a remarkable dome and a panoramic view of Paris that has made it a tourist attraction of the French capital city. Galeries Lafayette in Paris hosts a popular weekly fashion show for visitors.

History
In 1893, Théophile Bader and Alphonse Kahn opened a 70 sqm store in Paris, on the corner of rue La Fayette and rue de la Chaussée d’Antin, selling novelty gifts. In 1896, the company purchased the entire building at number 1, rue La Fayette followed in 1903 by numbers 38, 40, and 42 on Boulevard Haussmann, as well as number 15, rue de la Chaussée d’Antin.

Aryanization during Nazi occupation
During Nazi occupation of France in 1940, Les Galeries Lafayette underwent a process of "Aryanization", that is the removal of Jewish owners and their replacement by non-Jewish owners. Théophile Bader, Raoul Meyer, Max Heilbronn, the store's administrators and 129 Jewish employees were forced to resign. The property of Bader, Meyer and Heilbronn families was taken.

The Galeries Lafayette group was transferred to non-Jewish Svedberg owners: the Swiss Aubert and the French industrialist Harlachol.

Architecture
Théophile Bader appointed the architect Georges Chedanne to head up the first major renovations which were completed in 1907. Ferdinand Chanut, Georges Chedanne's apprentice, designed the store's 43 m high Neo Byzantine dome. This store's inauguration ceremony took place in October 1912.

In 1932, the store was renovated with an Art Déco style by an architect named Pierre Patou.

Fashion and events
Théophile Bader acquired production facilities in order to make clothing exclusively for Galeries Lafayette under its own private label. He also manufactured affordable versions of designer wear.

This store then expanded to include menswear, furniture, toys and tableware departments and get involved in organizing events such as the rooftop landing by French pilot Jules Védrines in 1919.

In 1922, it opened arts workshops under the artistic direction of Maurice Dufrêne in order to produce affordable furniture, fabric, carpets, wallpaper, pottery, and other household goods.

Following the Second World War, the store underwent a complete makeover.

During the 1950s it hosted large international exhibitions, such as “The Best of Italian Manufacturing” in 1953.

In the 1960s, young designers began launching their ready-to-wear lines at the store. The first designer to become famous was Laura, in 1962. A little while later she went on to become known as Sonia Rykiel.

From 1980 to 1999 “Fashion Festivals”, were organized, in order to select designs for the store. In 1984, the store opened a designer department including designs from, Jean-Paul Gaultier and Thierry Mugler.

From 2001 to 2015, Jean-Paul Goude collaborated with the brand on advertising campaigns in order to give the store a modern identity.

Offer
Galerie Lafayette Paris Haussmann is a 70,000 m2 store. Mostly dedicated to fashion, it also has other offers and services.

Food
Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann's food tasting bars offer French food together with produce from around the world.

Restaurants and bars
Cafés, bars and restaurants are located in the store for drinks and meals.

The rooftop has a bar, restaurant and terrace with a panoramic view of Paris and its monuments including the Eiffel Tower, the Montparnasse Tower, Invalides, and Opera Garnier.

Cultural space

Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann's cultural space “Galerie des Galeries” holds three to four exhibitions a year, showcasing both French and international design.

Events

Every Friday visitors can attend the store's free fashion show at 3pm. These events can only be attended if reservations have been made in advance.

Galeries Lafayette Paris Haussmann has a suspended Christmas tree every year, the first of which was hung from the dome in 1976. The store also organizes a range of exhibitions and shows and during the festive period.

Services
English-speaking staff in the concierge area help with Wi-Fi access, tourist information, or restaurant and taxi reservations.

The tourist information desk provides information and tickets for transport, museums, attraction parks, guided tours, cruises on the Seine River, cabaret performances, shows and concerts, hotels, and currency exchange.

The store's geolocation app helps shoppers find brands and access restaurants, customer service, and shop locations.

The tax refund service enables non-European residents to claim back their tax refund, based on the 12% tax they have paid on their purchases worth over €175.01 made on the day of purchase at Galeries Lafayette.

A personal shopper is also available and VIP services include the ordering of limousines or package deliveries to hotels.

The information office, located on the ground floor, provides information related to all the services offered by the store.

Overseas stores

 * Beijing, China – Opened in September 2013 (official opening was in October 2013) with the store covering a total area of 28,000 m2 across six floors. The store was originally operated in a joint venture with Hong Kong-based retailer I.T but now all Galeries Lafayette stores in China are operated in partnership with the Hopson Group.
 * Berlin, Germany – Opened in 1996, the store was designed by Jean Nouvel with construction taking place between 1991 and 1995. The store is located on Friedrichstraße two blocks south of the Under den Linden U-Bahn station. The store is planned to close in late 2024.
 * Chongqing, China – Opened on 28 September 2023. The store is located at InCity Chongqing within the Chongqing International Land-Sea Center.
 * Doha, Qatar – On 15 April 2019, Galeries Lafayette opened the store in partnership with the Ali Bin Ali Group. The store is located at 21 High Street and is over 14,500 m2.
 * Dubai, UAE – Opened on 18 May 2009, the store is located at The Dubai Mall. In February 2011, the store unveiled Dubai's first gold ATM. Shoppers can insert cash and receive a corresponding amount of gold nuggets or coins.
 * Jakarta, Indonesia – Opened in June 2013 the store is an anchor of the Pacific Place Mall where it occupies four floors. The store is operated in partnership with Mitra Adiperkasa.
 * Luxembourg City, Luxembourg – Opened on 30 November 2019, in partnership with CODIC. The store is located within the Royal-Hamilius urban planning project built by Norman Foster.
 * Macau, China – Opened on 26 January 2024 (After numerous delays). The store is located at YOHO Treasure Island Resorts World and is operated in a partnership with Forward Fashion (International) Holdings Co. Ltd.
 * Martinique – Two stores operate in Martinique one in Downtown Fort-de-France and at la Galleria a shopping mall in Le Lamentin.
 * Shanghai, China – Opened on 25 October 2019, at the L+Mall in Lujiazui, Pudong. Originally in partnership with I.T.
 * Shenzhen, China – Opened on 11 July 2023 (with a soft opening earlier in May 2023), the store is located in the Upperhills development and is 4,500 m2 and the store includes a Café Kitsuné. The store was opened in a partnership with the Hopson Group.

Overseas stores planned

 * Mumbai, India – The store will open in 2024 and be located within two heritage buildings in the Fort precinct (Turner Morrison Building). The interior will be designed by Virgile & Partners. The store will be opened in a partnership with the Aditya Birla Group.
 * Delhi, India – The store will open in 2025 and will be located at the DLF Emporio. It will also be opened in partnership with the Aditya Birla Group.
 * Milan, Italy – In June 2014 it was announced that a Galeries Lafayette store would open in Italy located at Westfield Milano a proposed shopping mall, the store is planned to be 18,000 m2. The Westfield Milano project is currently on hold.

Closed stores

 * Casablanca, Morocco – Operated from the 1920s through to the early 1970s.
 * Singapore – A location operated on Orchard Road below the Le Méridien Hotel, the store was later moved to Liat Towers before closing in 1992.
 * New York City, United States – Opened in September 1991 in a building adjacent and connected to Trump Tower the space was previously filled by Bonwit Teller from 1981–1989. However the store was unsuccessful and closed after three years in 1994.
 * London, United Kingdom – A branch opened on Regent Street in 1920, closing in 2013. The site is now occupied by Hamleys.
 * Casablanca, Morocco – In 2011 a store opened at the Morocco Mall but it later closed in 2016. The store was designed by Davide Padoa of Design International.

 * Istanbul, Turkey – Opened in May 2017, in partnership with the DEMSA Group at Emaar Square Mall the store was closed in late 2021.

Cancelled stores

 * Istanbul, Turkey – Planned to open 2019 at the Vadistanbul Shopping Centre it would have been the second store in Turkey and over 6,000 square metres.
 * Kuwait City, Kuwait – Planned to open in 2019 at the Assima Mall in partnership with Ali Bin Ali the store would have been 7,500 m2.
 * Guiyang, China – In 2020 it was announced that a store would open at D Place but the store was cancelled in favour to open a store in Chongqing.

Galeries Lafayette Group
The Galeries Lafayette Group has its head office in Paris.

The Group owns the following subsidiaries:

 * Galeries Lafayette
 * Eataly (Paris Marais store)
 * La Redoute
 * Mauboussin
 * Nouvelles Galeries
 * BazarChic
 * Galeries Lafayette - Royal Quartz Paris
 * Louis Pion

They also used to own BHV until they sold the company to Groupe SGM in 2023.

title: Galeries Lafayette


text:
Pop 'im Pop!

Pop 'Im Pop! is a 1950 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon short directed by Robert McKimson and written by Warren Foster. The short was released on October 28, 1950, and stars Sylvester the Cat, Hippety Hopper and Sylvester Jr., in the latter's first appearance.

Plot
A circus features the attraction "Gracie, the Fightin' Kangaroo!". When Gracie goes off to perform, she leaves her young son, Hippety Hopper, alone in her dressing room. Hippety slips on a pair of his mother's boxing gloves, and wanders off (along the way, treading in wet cement, much to the anger of the workman who is paving the new sidewalk, falling into a pink dress and causing several cars to crash).

Meanwhile, Sylvester is bragging to his son about how he took on a mouse about his own size. Hippety shows up behind him, frightening Sylvester. Junior urges Sylvester to fight Hippety, as they both think he's a giant mouse, and says that if he doesn't, he'll "disillusion a child's faith in his father." The result is a fight between Hippety and Sylvester. Hippety wins at first, but then Sylvester chases him off with an axe. Along the way, they pass the workman, who treads in his own cement as if daring the participants in the chase to do the same – but when they do not, he stands in the center of the sidewalk and plays "Taps" on a bugle as he sinks.

Sylvester is led to the circus, and right when Junior enters his sight, he starts gloating again Sylvester says he wished Hippety was twice as big, with 4 arms and 2 heads. Ironically, Gracie comes out with Hippety in her pouch, causing both the cats to run off. Hippety gives them a friendly wave good-bye.

Cast

 * Mel Blanc as Sylvester, Sylvester Jr., Carny Barker, and Stage Manager.

Legacy
Gracie makes a brief cameo during the final scene of Who Framed Roger Rabbit with several other Looney Tunes characters. She is colored light brown in the film.

title: Pop 'im Pop!