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Pan Tadeusz

Pan Tadeusz (full title: Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Foray in Lithuania: A Nobility's Tale of the Years 1811–1812, in Twelve Books of Verse) is an epic poem by the Polish poet, writer, translator and philosopher Adam Mickiewicz. The book, written in Polish alexandrines, was first published by Aleksander Jełowicki on 28 June 1834 in Paris. It is deemed one of the last great epic poems in European literature.

Pan Tadeusz, Poland's national epic, is compulsory reading in Polish schools and has been translated into 33 languages. A film version, directed by Andrzej Wajda, was released in 1999. In 2014 Pan Tadeusz was incorporated into Poland's list in the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme.

Content

The story takes place over the course of five days in 1811 and two days in 1812, at a time in history when Poland had been divided between the armies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria (see Partitions of Poland) and erased from the political map of Europe, although in 1807 Napoleon had established a satellite Duchy of Warsaw in the Prussian partition which remained in existence until the Congress of Vienna held after Napoleon's defeat.

The place is situated within the Russian partition, in the village of Soplicowo, the country estate of the Soplica clan. Pan Tadeusz recounts the story of two feuding noble families, and the love between Tadeusz Soplica (the title character) of one family, and Zosia of the other. A subplot involves a spontaneous revolt of the local inhabitants against the occupying Russian garrison. Mickiewicz, an exile in Paris and thus beyond the reach of Russian censorship, wrote openly about the occupation.

The Polish national poem begins with the words "O Lithuania"; this largely stems from the fact that the 19th-century concept of nationality had not yet been geopoliticized. The term "Lithuania" used by Mickiewicz refers to a geographical region of Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The invocation of Pan Tadeusz remains one of the most recognizable pieces of Polish poetry.

Compendium ferculorum, albo Zebranie potraw, the oldest cookbook in Polish, served as an inspiration for Mickiewicz's nostalgic description of "the last Old Polish feast" in Pan Tadeusz. In his account of the fictional banquet in Book 12, the poet included the names of several dishes described in Compendium ferculorum, such as "royal borscht", as well as two of the master chef's secrets: the broth with pearls and a coin, and the three-way fish.

Plot
A young Polish noble, Tadeusz Soplica, comes back from his education in Vilnius to his family estate in Soplicowo. Tadeusz is an orphan raised by his uncle – Judge Soplica, who is a younger brother of Tadeusz's long lost father, Jacek Soplica. Tadeusz is greeted by the Seneschal (Wojski), a family friend. The Seneschal tells him about the trial between the Judge and Count Horeszko concerning the ownership of a castle which once belonged to Pantler Horeszko – the Count's distant relative, a powerful aristocrat who was killed many years before. The trial is currently conducted by the Chamberlain (Podkomorzy), who is a friend and guest of the Judge. Tadeusz also meets Zosia – a young girl, granddaughter of the Pantler, who lives in the Judge's household, and her caretaker Telimena – the Judge's cousin. Tadeusz takes an interest in Zosia, but also flirts with Telimena.

Meanwhile, Count Horeszko visits the Castle, where he is greeted by Gerwazy, the warden and an old servant of the late Pantler. The Count reveals to Gerwazy he has little interest in the Castle and intends to give up the trial. Gerwazy in response tells the Count the story of the conflict between Soplica's and Horeszko's family. The Pantler often invited Jacek Soplica, Tadeusz's father, to the Castle, as Jacek was very popular amongst lesser nobles in the land. Jacek aspired to marry the Pantler's daughter, but was refused by the Pantler. Later, when Russian troops stormed the Castle during the Kościuszko's uprising, Jacek suddenly arrived on the scene and shot the Pantler. Gerwazy swore to avenge his master, but Jacek disappeared. The story makes the Count excited about the conflict with the Soplicas and he decides he has to take the Castle back from the Judge.

News spreads that a bear was seen in a nearby forest. A great hunt for it begins, in which, amongst others, Tadeusz, the Seneschal, the Count and Gerwazy take part. Tadeusz and the Count are both attacked by the bear. They are saved by Father Robak, a Bernardin monk, who unexpectedly appears, grabs Gerwazy's gun and shoots the bear. After the hunt, the Judge decides to give a feast. His servant Protazy advises to do so in the Castle, to demonstrate to everyone the Judge is its host. During the feast, an argument breaks out when Gerwazy accuses the Judge of trespassing and attacks Protazy when he accuses Gerwazy of the same. The Count stands in defense of Gerwazy and claims the Castle as his own. Fight ensues until Tadeusz stops it by challenging the Count to a duel next day. The Count angrily leaves and orders Gerwazy to get the support of lesser nobility of nearby villages to deal with the Soplicas by force.

Father Robak meets with the Judge and scolds him for the incident at the Castle. He reminds the Judge that his brother, Jacek, wanted him to make peace with the Horeszkos to atone for his murder of the Pantler. For that purpose, Jacek arranged for Zosia to be raised by the Soplicas and intended for her to marry Tadeusz, to bring the two conflicted houses together. Father Robak also speaks about Napoleonic armies soon arriving in Lithuania, urging that Poles should unite to fight against the Russians, rather than fight each other in petty disputes. The Judge is enthusiastic about fighting against the Russians but claims that the Count, being younger, should be the first to apologize.

The impoverished nobles of the land gather on Gerwazy's call. They argue among themselves about organizing an uprising against the Russian forces occupying the land and news about the Napoleonic army, which they heard from Father Robak. Gerwazy convinces them that the Soplicas are the enemy within which should be dealt with first.

The Count soon arrives at the Soplicas' manor and takes the family hostage with the help of his new supporters. However, the next day, Russian troops stationing nearby, intervene and arrest the Count's followers, including Gerwazy. The Russian are commanded by Major Płut, who is actually a Pole who made a career in the Russian army. The second in command is Captain Ryków, a Russian sympathetic to the Poles. The Judge tries to convince Major Płut that the whole matter is just a quarrel between two neighbours and claims that he doesn't bring any complaints against the Count. Płut however considers the Count's supporters to be rebels. The Judge reluctantly accepts the Russians at his house, where, on the advice of Father Robak he gets them drunk, while Robak frees the arrested nobles. The fight breaks out when Major Płut makes drunken advances on Telimena and Tadeusz punches him in her defense. During the battle, Father Robak saves the Count's and Gerwazy's life, getting seriously wounded in the process. Captain Ryków ultimately surrenders the battle after suffering serious losses to the Poles, while Major Płut disappears.

Afterwards, the Judge tries to bribe Ryków to keep the whole incident silent. The Russian refuses the money, but promises the whole thing will be blamed on Major Płut drunkenly giving orders to attack. Gerwazy confesses he killed Płut to keep him silent.

Father Robak predicts he will likely die the following night because of the wounds he suffered. He asks to talk alone with Gerwazy with just his brother, the Judge, present. He reveals he is really Jacek Soplica and tells his side of the story of the Pantler's death. Jacek and the Pantler's daughter were in love. The Pantler was aware of this, but, thinking Jacek of too low birth to marry his daughter, pretended to be oblivious. The Pantler treated Jacek as a friend for political reasons, needing his influence amongst the lesser nobility. Jacek suffered through the charade, until the Pantler openly asked him for an opinion about another candidate for a husband for his daughter. Jacek left without a word, intending to never visit the Castle again. Much later he witnessed the Castle being stormed by the Russians. Seeing the Pantler victorious and proud made Jacek overwhelmed with grief and anger - which drove him to kill the Pantler.

Gerwazy admits that the Pantler wronged Jacek, and gives up his revenge, considering them even after Jacek (as Father Robak) sacrificed himself to save him and the Count's. Gerwazy also reveals that the dying Pantler gave him a sign he forgave his killer. Father Robak dies the following night.

The nobles who took part in the battle against the Russians, including Tadeusz and the Count, are forced to leave the country, as they are in threat of being arrested by the Russian authorities. A year later, they come back as soldiers of the Polish troops in Napoleonic army. Gerwazy and Protazy, now friends, reminisce on the events from a year before. Tadeusz and Zosia get engaged.

Other translations
There have been multiple English translations:

 * 1885 Maude Ashurst Biggs, under the title "Master Thaddeus"
 * 1917 George Rapall Noyes, prose translation
 * 1962 Watson Kirkconnell, under the title "Sir Thaddeus"
 * 1986 Kenneth R. Mackenzie (ISBN 9780781800334)
 * 2005 Marcel Weyland, translation in the original meter (ISBN 1567002196 US and ISBN 1873106777 UK)
 * 2018 Bill Johnston (ISBN 9781939810007) who received the National Translation Award bestowed by the American Literary Translators Association.
 * 2019 Christopher Adam Zakrzewski, prose translation (ISBN 9781945430756)

The earliest translation of Pan Tadeusz was into Belarusian by the Belarusian writer and dramatist Vintsent Dunin-Martsinkyevich, in Vilnius in 1859. Because of the pressure from Tsarist authorities, Dunin-Martshinkyevich was able to publish only the first two chapters of the poem.

Film adaptations
The first film version of the poem as a feature was produced in 1928. The film version made by Andrzej Wajda in 1999 was his great cinematic success in Poland.

Popular recognition
In 2012, during the first edition of the National Reading Day organized by the President of Poland Bronisław Komorowski, Pan Tadeusz was read in numerous locations across the country as a way of promoting readership and popularizing Polish literature. Google's Doodle for Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Iceland, Ireland and UK on 28 June 2019 commemorated the poem.

title: Pan Tadeusz


text: User talk:151.198.174.53

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:151.198.174.53


text:
OMX Stockholm 30

The OMX Stockholm 30 (OMXS30) is a stock market index for the Stockholm Stock Exchange. It is a capitalization-weighted index of the 30 most-traded stock on the Nasdaq Stockholm stock exchange. The index started on 30 Sep 1986 with a base value of 125.

Index composition
===2021-11-01 ===

Contract Specifications
The OMX Stockholm Index trades on the NASDAQ Nordic Derivatives exchange (OMXFUT). the contract specifications are shown below:

Annual returns
The following table shows the annual development of the OMX Stockholm 30 since 1986.

title: OMX Stockholm 30


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User talk:HardTrancid

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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title: User talk:HardTrancid


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Portfolio company

A portfolio company is a company or entity in which a venture capital firm, a startup studio, or a holding company invests. All companies currently backed by a private equity firm can be spoken of as the firm's portfolio.

A company may create a portfolio to showcase the capabilities and strengths of the business's services. The portfolio is a collection of the products, services and achievements of the company. The goal of a company portfolio is to create a presence of the business on the market, attract more customers and to show how the business differs from its direct competitors on the market. The company portfolio is also used as a business strategy to show the growth of the company to attract potential investors and shareholders.

title: Portfolio company


text:
User talk:Dejvid

User talk:Dejvid/archive2010

Celtic Skirmishers
Be aware that anything involving the Celts can be a bit of a minefield. Unless you have some evidence, such as dispatches written by Brennus, Vercingetorix or Cassivellaunus expressing 'contempt' for skirmishers, this idea is only supposition, based perhaps on the "wild Celtic warrior" stereotype. Distinguish carefully between the Ancient Britons and the modern British Paul S (talk) 10:41, 17 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've no problem with the new wording, except that you continue to confuse Britons with British. The Britons are the ancient people. The British are citizens of the United Kingdom. Paul S (talk) 23:27, 18 June 2009 (UTC)

Absolute PC Britspeak nonsense are ancient Germans or Irish not getting references as German or Irish — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.48.174.224 (talk) 22:09, 26 January 2013 (UTC)

Talkback
Monstrelet (talk) 13:10, 5 July 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Hamilcar's victory with Navaras

A tag has been placed on Hamilcar's victory with Navaras, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article that does not provide sufficient context to identify its subject. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. If you plan to expand the article, you can request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material. To do this, affix the template   to the article and state your intention on the article's talk page. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Cyber throne ) 13:23, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

The Cut
Hi there

Please do not reinstate the sign indicating 'other characters'. I find this sign to be pretty pointless, since many of the characters in that section play a huge role in the show, particularly in the second series. They all appear on the official characters list on the site, so they should all be important enough to go in one section. For less important characters, there is a 'Recurring Characters' section. I would consider a recurring character to be anyone who has appeared in more than one full-length episode, but is not important enough to have a character profile on the site. George.millman (talk) 09:36, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

The question is ...
Why are a tiny handful of obscure European articles using the wrong system in the first place when the major European articles do not?

and not:

Why should a truly glaring error be corrected?, a ridiculous question that for some reason apparently needs to be asked over and over and over again, ad infinitum ad nauseam. In case there is any confusion on this point, the Latin language is not part of Chinese culture.

Varlaam (talk) 15:17, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Here's an idea. You go and correct the remainder of the bloody articles yourself, and then you can document the changes however the hell you like to do it.
 * My gift to you. Have fun with it.
 * Varlaam (talk) 15:37, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

 * This kind of trash talk is not encouraged at Wikipedia. My apologies, Dejvid, on Varlaam's behalf.--Wetman (talk) 19:22, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I can speak for myself. Thanks.
 * Since Dejvid loves playing Devil's advocate, let him do the actual work as opposed to obstructing others who are wasting their time doing it.

 * What is your story, Wetman? Why are you intruding in other people's private conversations? Do you also open mail addressed to someone else? The sheer rudeness and arrogance around this place is unbelievable.
 * "Trash talk". I'm not American. Wrong guess.
 * The word you were seeking was "disparagement".
 * What I was actually using was irony. I have graciously provided the Wiktionary link. You failed to note the tone.
 * Varlaam (talk) 18:30, 5 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I didn't react because responding to rudeness rarely helps not because I thought what you said was okay. The "its only a joke" line is so calculated to wind someone up, I begin to wonder if that is not your intention.  If it is not your intention then please think carefully about how you are expressing yourself.Dejvid (talk) 21:10, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

Timeline of Canadian history
The calendar was changed by a vandal in July.

Why weren't you all over that guy instead of harassing me in some fit of pique?

Don't bother to answer. I'm really not interested in whatever your motivation is.

Varlaam (talk) 03:14, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
 * If you had put in the edit summary "revert undiscussed era change" I would have realized that your edit was valid. Instead you left the edit summary blank.  Surely you can see that if someone does not give a reason then other people will assume that you have no good reason.   And why do you call that anon user a vandal when you did the same on the Gaddi Torso page?  You seem unaware that the two styles have equal status and see a BCE for as a simple mistake.Dejvid (talk) 12:01, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

In fact (Dejvid and also Wetman) have been involved in a number of edits in which they have either blatantly or slyly changed the era setting on articles - always to displace the BC/AD system with the BCE convention. THAT is what Dejvid's motivation is and also why the previous July vandalism of Timeline of Canadian history was of no interest! --212.74.26.3 (talk) 13:07, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

Notability?
CeCe Peniston may be notable but is this song notable?Dejvid (talk) 12:57, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Hi, just noticed your message. You are right and I know what you mean, but my intention was to build the comprehensive discography of Peniston. Also, I am discussing the title with its producers and trying to get more details as for the release including possible chart positions. Benuliak (talk)

Kosovo
Hello,

I'm curious why you're disputing the fact that Kosovo became the crux or cradle of Serbian culture, religion and national identity, while not at all disputing the sentence about the Albanian national awakening. It is a wide known fact that Kosovo means a lot to the Serbian national spirit, anyone who does the tiniest bit of research will see that outright. Providing a reference for that, which is what I did, was the most absurd thing I have ever did on Wikipedia, because it's like asking a reference for the ocean being salty. I sincerely hope you didn't have a hidden agenda in your revert, as many on the Kosovo article do, because it just seems strange to me that someone would target a reference to what Kosovo means to the Serbs while being content with the introduction only discussing what Kosovo means to Albanians. The article, as I'm sure you'd agree, should be written in a fair manner, and the introduction carefully brushes any hint of the significance of Kosovo to the Serbs, perhaps due to the current political situation in the region. However, this is an encyclopaedia and we have an obligation to provide fair and unbalanced information not only for ourselves, but for future generations as well.

-- Cin é ma C 20:05, 13 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the feedback. My reply is on Talk:Kosovo.Dejvid (talk) 11:16, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

Please participate in this discussion
You were involved in the old AfD for this article and I request that you leave a comment and your opinion on the question I have raised on the talk page. Thank you for your time. Silver seren C 22:28, 22 November 2010 (UTC)

The frogs seek a king
I'm at a loss to see what it is you're objecting to in the interpretation of the fable by Phaedrus, unless it is my generalising that it is his intention to demonstrate that the restraint of law is a good thing and that tyranny is not. The opening lines translate as follows:
 * Athenae cum florerent aequis legibus,
 * When the Athenians flourished with equal laws,
 * procax libertas civitatem miscuit,
 * Impudent liberty confounded (or stirred up) the state
 * frenumque solvit pristinum licentia.
 * And license loosened the former restraint (lit. rein).

It goes on to outline the historical context of a take-over of the state by a tyrant and how Aesop rationalised the situation. I must therefore ask you justify from the Latin that Aesop's moral is that a boring king is better than a 'glory seeker'. I think you're reading later interpretations of the story into a discussion in the article of what Phaedrus/Aesop is saying in the poem. I don't want to start an edit war, so I have left the tag in place until I have a clearer idea what point you're trying to make. Mzilikazi1939 (talk) 13:59, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Okay, your translation seems much closer to your interpretation and you are right in suspecting that I was unable to read the Latin. Putting the translation into verse does seem to have done serious violence to the meaning.  Putting my own  interpretation (which was based on another version) in the edit description was probably a mistake when the actual query was closeness of your interpretation to the source.Dejvid (talk) 21:45, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

Thanks, Dejvid. I've removed the tag now we've sorted that out. Actually, I thought Christopher Smart's version was pretty close to the original, considering the restrictions of style. I'm not really a Latinist, so just to check I ran those lines through the function that gives word for word alternatives. Mzilikazi1939 (talk) 23:09, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

Battle of Cannae
Hi, I'm from Wp:Italy. I now you did this edit in the page Battle of Cannae, so I ask you if you could kindly answer the question at the and of the talk of the page. I would be very grateful to you, because in italian version near the sentence «He [Daly Gregory] suggests that at the Battle of Zama Hannibal was quoted saying that he had fought Paullus at Cannae» there is the template:Please clarify. Thank you. --Innocenti Erleor (talk) 22:06, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

Undue template
Dejvid, you have added the Undue template to the International recognition of Kosovo article, stating "over representation of views hostile to Kosovo". If you want this issue to be properly discussed, then you will need to create a new section on the talk page in which you put forward your arguments. I know you have already raised this issue in the "Libya and outdated info" section but this is getting lost amongst the wider discussion about Libya. I suggest you start a completely new section to make sure the discussion goes well. Regards, Bazonka (talk) 07:13, 22 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Fair point - I'll need to take a little time to make a fair summary which doesn't just repeat myself.Dejvid (talk) 15:52, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

Discussion about removal of adminship on shwiki
has asked me to notify you of this discussion on shwiki. The reason they want to remove your adminship is inactivity. Regards, πr2 (t • c) 17:59, 9 March 2014 (UTC)

Imaš odgovor tu u komentarima. --Kolega2357 (talk) 14:36, 10 March 2014 (UTC)

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Uriah Rose
I'm working on him and am not near finished. deisenbe (talk) 10:32, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

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Edward II (film)

Edward II is a 1991 British romantic historical drama film directed by Derek Jarman and starring Steven Waddington, Tilda Swinton and Andrew Tiernan. It is based on the play of the same name by Christopher Marlowe. The plot revolves around Edward II of England's infatuation with Piers Gaveston, which proves to be the downfall of both of them, thanks to the machinations of Roger Mortimer.

The film is staged in a postmodern style, using a mixture of contemporary and medieval props, sets and clothing. (The date "1991" appears on a royal proclamation at one point.) The gay content of the play is also brought to the fore by Jarman, notably by adding a homosexual sex scene and by depicting Edward's army as gay rights protesters.

Plot
Once installed as king, following the death of his father, Edward II summons his friend and lover, Piers Gaveston, back to England from exile abroad, and showers him with gifts, titles, and abiding love. Their relationship is fiery and passionate, but it is the focus of gossip and derision throughout the kingdom. Upon his return, Gaveston takes revenge on the Bishop of Winchester, who had been responsible for his banishment from England during the previous reign, by personally torturing him. Kent, Edward's brother, is the first to protest about Gaveston's return. Many others feel the same way, including the Bishop of Winchester and Lord Mortimer, who is in charge of the kingdom's military forces. Nevertheless, Edward defends his lover from his mounting enemies.

A pleasure-seeker, Edward is quite distracted from the affairs of the state, much to the distress and anger of the court (somber men and women in business suits). Queen Isabella, Edward's French wife, vainly tries everything to win him back from his lover but is mercilessly rejected by her husband. Love-starved, Isabella turns to Gaveston, who inflames her desire by whispering obscenities in her ear and then mocks her responsiveness.

The handsome, hedonistic, and opportunistic Gaveston repels everyone except the King. His enemies join forces and threaten Edward with dethronement and exile; Edward is forced to comply with their wishes and sends Gaveston away. The lovers' separation is serenaded by Annie Lennox’s rendition of Cole Porter's "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye".

The queen hopes that once Gaveston is away she can reconcile with her husband, but he rejects her once again. In a last effort to regain her husband's affection, she allows Gaveston to return. The king and his lover resume their relationship, but their enemies are ready to strike back.

Isabella and Mortimer, who has become her lover, plan to rule the realm through Edward and Isabella's young son, the future Edward III. When Kent tries to save his brother, he is murdered by Isabella. The nobles are soon plotting to get rid not only of Gaveston but also the king. Mortimer, their leader, is a military man and practicing sadomasochist who takes a grim pleasure in personally torturing Gaveston and the lovers' friend Spencer, who he addresses as "girl boy." Their torture takes place while there is a clash between the police and members of the British gay rights organisation Outrage.

After Gaveston and Spencer's assassinations, Edward, who has been thrown in a dungeon, is executed by impalement on a red-hot poker. This hideous fate is presented as a nightmare from which the imprisoned king awakens. The executioner, when he does arrive, tosses away his lethal weapon and kisses the man he was sent to kill.

Back in the castle, Mortimer and Isabella enjoy their triumph just briefly. The king's young son, Edward III, who all along has been neglected by both parents and who has witnessed their quarrels, has donned his mother's earrings and lipstick and, while listening to classical music on his Walkman, walks atop a cage that imprisons his mother and Mortimer.

Cast

 * Steven Waddington as Edward II
 * Tilda Swinton as Isabella
 * Andrew Tiernan as Piers Gaveston
 * Nigel Terry as Mortimer
 * John Lynch as Spencer
 * Dudley Sutton as Bishop of Winchester
 * Jerome Flynn as Kent
 * Jody Graber as Prince Edward
 * Annie Lennox as The Singer

Reception
The film received positive reviews from critics. It currently holds a 100% score on the review-aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes. Rolling Stone called it "a piercing cry from the heart" and The Washington Post praised Jarman for "keeping the story streamlined and potently clear while retaining Marlowe's poetic period language". The Observer called it one of "Derek Jarman's most accomplished films". The film has been considered a classic example of New Queer Cinema.

Jarman's use of anachronism caught the attention of many critics. The Guardian mentions that "historical and modern" timelines intersect in the costuming, the portrayal of Edward II's army, and the soundtrack. The latter is perhaps the most startling of the anachronisms in the film as it is mentioned in several articles yet never critiqued. The New York Times writes, “One of the oddest touches is the out-of-the-blue appearance of the singer Annie Lennox wistfully crooning Cole Porter's "Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye"”. Cole Porter was closeted for reasons that can be paralleled to Edward II's queer lifestyle, as “public knowledge of his sexuality, Porter feared, could compromise his success". Similarly to Edward II, and "like many gay public figures, Porter married a woman for convenience”. The LA Times reflects that Porter "was aware that if you disclosed too much in Hollywood, you were likely to lose your job-- and your audience". However, Porter and Edward II differ as Porter remained closeted and Edward II (as summarised) was willing to risk his status to be with his lover, Gaveston. Jarman's choice of artist, Annie Lennox, to sing Porter's song is anachronistic in and of itself; the film provides a structure in which two different points in time intersect, 1944 and 1991, represented by someone who fears queerness and then by someone who advocates for the rights of the LGBT community. In fact, Lennox sang the song for the "film Edward II after recording it for the Red Hot + Blue AIDS awareness tribute album to Cole Porter”. Regardless of reasons why Porter and Lennox were included in the film, it was recognised in a positive light. The Washington Post wrote that Jarman's "decision to have Annie Lennox serenade the departing Gaveston and his lover with a rendition of Cole Porter's "Every Time We Say Goodbye" is a brilliant stroke; it's Marlowe meets MTV".

title: Edward II (film)


text: User talk:81.197.221.176

title: User talk:81.197.221.176


text:
Talk:Cache replacement policies

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Advaitjavadekar.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:31, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

[Untitled]
How about this formulation: optimizing instructions implementable in a computer program to manage a (locally) stored cache of information rene.bach@isb.admin.ch

Mistake
Shouldn't the latency be multiplied by the hit rate? Otherwise it doesn't seem to be a proper weight average. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.206.133.4 (talk) 06:00, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

There's a mistake in the LRU example image. Block E should be replacing A, not D. It is shown (incorrectly) to replace D, then in the next step it is shown to (correctly) have replaced A. --Gamvrosi (talk) 17:53, 16 November 2016 (UTC)

I think the text on the LRU replacement image is still incorrect. After A is replaced by E the "sequence number" of block D is updated to 5, then F is added with sequence number 6. Surely this means the access sequence is A B C D E D F and not, as the article states, A B C D E F? 86.3.11.201 (talk) 18:48, 23 August 2018 (UTC)

Merge
Since both the articles describe the same thing, I vote for their merger. --Soumyasch 06:16, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

I vote for not merging - cache algorithms are applicable outside of the operating systems area. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.67.251.34 (talk • contribs) 12:03, 14 April, 2006 (UTC).

This is definitly two different things and should not be merged together. This page helped me get information easy however I viewed the other page and it would have taken me a lot longer to get the information. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Peppage (talk • contribs) 07:44, 26 April, 2006.

I think the articles should should merge! The article on page replacement algorithms describe the applications of caching algorithms to virtual memory management. It should be a section in this article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 129.241.127.122 (talk • contribs) 16:04, 9 May, 2006.

I vote against merging. While caching and paging are very closely related concepts, caching algorithms and page replacement algorithms are not similar. When was the last time you heard of K-way set associative virtual memory? Crispy 04:47, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

 * You could certainly make such a virtual memory. You'd have to redesign your MMU to be K-way associative instead of fully associative, but the algorithm would work the same way for virtual memory pages as it does to a CPU cache. Bigpeteb 17:23, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Maybe best to keep the articles separate and write a small section on page replacement algorithms in this article 129.241.127.122

These should be separate articles. There are a lot of applications for caching, and many people looking for information about those applications would not know to look for page replacement algorithms. Even if they did, they would have to dig through a complicated example to get the general information. The caching algorithms page should just mention that page replacement algorithms are a good example, and have a link.Funbobby 16:53, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * ^^. Seriously, LRU != page replacement. Were you people that want to merge the articles even CS majors? If you were, you would know that LRU is merely a candidate of many possibilities and only a part of page replacement in general. How in the heck could that possibly be the same thing? I use a combustion engine in my car...should the articles for a combustion engine and automobile be merged into one?

 * Umm. The article you're commenting on is about cache algorithms in general, not any specific algorithm.  In general, a cache is a "practical" implementation of "endless storage", and a virtual memory system (which is where page replacement algorithms are used) is a "practical" implementation of "endless memory".  Cache item replacement algorithms and page replacement algoritms address the same exact problem: how to avoid throwing things away that you will need again, sooner or later.  Where did you get your CS major? ;-) 85.119.130.132 10:16, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * (but for the record, I don't see the point of merging these; page replacement is specific enough to deserve its own page)

I vote for the merge. The algorithms described on Page replacement algorithm are just specific applications of general cache algorithms. That page certainly goes into more detail, but much of it is spent describing the algorithms. The details of how those particular algorithms are implemented in terms of paging should go in paging or virtual memory, don't you think? (Although "cache algorithm" is a poor name to cover both subjects, since virtual memory isn't exactly a cache. If they're merged I'd vote for changing the name to something else, too.) Bigpeteb 17:23, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yep, if you keep an open mind, paging uses a form of caching to achieve its goal. However, to be practical we should not merge the pages. There are a lot more caches than memory-to-disk (think of a web cache...), so the cache algorithms should be on a very general level (not using words such as disk or page or CPU). It would be then hardly an usable article from the paging perspective, hence we have the Page replacement algorithm that describes those once again with paging terms and provides paging-specific details (with links to general versions!). --Kubanczyk 19:37, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Merge or not, the pages Cache algorithms and Page replacement algorithm have no links to each other. This must be fixed. Vegasprof 18:39, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Summary: since we shouldn't keep those pages tagged forever, I'm closing the discussion. There was no consensus reached, and no real dialogue, so I will just count the votes... Wait a minute... Tadaaaam: Cache algorithms will not be merged with Page replacement algorithm. --Kubanczyk 19:55, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I suggest people reconsider the merge. the algorithms described on this page are all cache eviction algorithms, whereas in general, caching algorithms include various other algorithms such as cache coherency, prefetching, cache-write algorithms and cache index related (e.g. Bloom filter). this should be more of an overview of the classes. current page content should be merged, together with most content of 'paging' algorithms to 'cache eviction algorithms' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.64.221.163 (talk) 07:06, 28 November 2008 (UTC)

Difference between LRU and MRU algorithms
As I understand it, the LRU algorithm keeps track of how many times each item has been used, so it can discard the item that have been used the fewest times. The MRU algorithm on the other hand just keeps a linked list and moves items to the front when they are accessed and discards from the back - that is, it discards the item that haven't been used for the longest time.

I am unable to find a good reference to confirm this, but the current description of the MRU is completely nonsensical: why would one want to discard the most recently used item?

Do anyone have a good reference? I am not certain about the correct definitions, just that the current one is wrong. Rasmus (talk) 22:06, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I looked a bit more into it, and it seems I am confusing LRU and LFU algorithms. But the section on MRU is clearly wrong. You get an MRU-cache by using an LRU-algorithm to select which item to remove. I will update the article to reflect this. Rasmus (talk) 22:15, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

No. An LRU algorithm discards the least-recently used items. This is different to an MRU algorithm. An MRU algorithm discards the most recently used items. MRU algorithms are useful in cases where you know that your users are scanning a large dataset and so are unlikely to fetch the same item many times in a short period of time. See this USENIX paper: http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix01/full_papers/zhou/zhou_html/index.html and this paper: www.vldb.org/conf/1985/P127.PDF from the Very Large Databases symposium. I've brought back the MRU section, tidied up the confusion in the LRU section and added references. Ade oshineye (talk) 08:26, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

 * OK, thanks for the references. I cleaned the section up a bit and moved it underneath the LRU algorithm (since it contrasts itself to that). Rasmus (talk) 20:13, 10 January 2009 (UTC)

LRU description
What is a "cache-line"? The term is used four times in the paragraph that describes the LRU algorithm but nowhere else, and nowhere is there an explanation of what it is. I'm guessing it basically means a "cache", and an LRU implementation may have several.

Also, I would have expected a description of the "lift-to-front" implementation of LRU caches, with all of the items in a linked list and every time one is accessed it's moved to the front of the list (actually, a bunch of pointers are swapped around). If A is ahead of B in the list then it means that A must have been accessed more recently than B (otherwise B would have been moved to the head of the list after A was so moved and would now be ahead of it). The implication is that every item in the list has been accessed since the most recent access of the item at the tail of the list - i.e., that the item at the tail is the least recently used. Those "age bits" would only come up if you had several caches ("cache-lines"?) in the same space because otherwise you'd not know the relative recencies of the different tails. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.237.149.178 (talk) 09:14, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

Code Example
While the code example shows that the normal LinkedHashMap can be used as LRU cache (be overriding a method) it does not explain anything about the LRU algorithm.

I would rather see a simple implementation of the LRU algorithm itself.

80.218.184.37 (talk) 19:24, 1 August 2009 (UTC)

I've reverted the massive code example because it doesn't actually explain anything about the LRU algorithm. It's the moral equivalent of : new LRUCache where the algorithm's implementation is hidden away in the code provided by the standard Java libraries. Ade oshineye (talk) 04:35, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

LRU cache has more efficient implementation
This pages says general LRU requires "age bits", and that accessing requires a scan. But it seems that you can implement LRU much more efficiently with hash maps and doubly linked list.

Merge with Page replacement algorithm
Most concepts and algorithm used in management of page caches are applicable to caching in general and vice-versa. For example: The LRU algorithm with is the reference to which other algorithms are judged is applicable to both page caches, application-specific caching of persistent objects and CPU caches. Having separate articles naturally leads to duplication and misplacement of content. Right now at least the following algorithms are duplicated between page replacement algorithm and cache replacement algorithm: Mario Castelán Castro (talk) 16:55, 17 July 2020 (UTC).
 * LRU
 * FIFO
 * CLOCK
 * GCLOCK
 * CLOCK-Pro
 * CLOCK with adaptive replacement
 * ARC
 * Random

 * Tentatively support. My opinion has not changed since the last time a merge was proposed. However, I have the same question: What would you call the merged article? Also, how will the article address implementation differences between caches and paging, or the fact that some algorithms are only used for one or the other? --Bigpeteb (talk) 22:55, 20 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Support merging. I'm fine with the merged article being named cache replacement policies or replacement algorithm. Bigpeteb has a good point that some cache replacement policies (such as 2-way set associative) are apparently *only* used for CPU caches of lines backed by main memory. I'm OK with those policies only very briefly mentioned in this article with links to some other article that goes into far more detail (currently CPU cache).
 * I suppose I might be OK with algorithms that are *only* used in paging to be only very briefly mentioned in this article with links to the page replacement algorithm article for more details.
 * However, I don't know of *any* cache policy that is *only* used for in-memory page cache of pages of virtual memory backed by disk. My understanding is that each and every page cache replacement policy is also used for other kinds of cache -- on-disk client-side web cache of documents backed by other servers on the web, relatively "local" content delivery network servers and web proxy servers caching documents backed by the global internet, etc.
 * --DavidCary (talk) 00:34, 20 August 2020 (UTC)

I'm going to remove the merge proposal for now. A) the constraints of page replacement and cache replacement policies are very different and actual algorithms used are implemented quite differently (most page table policies don't use true LRU for example because they are far too large and associative for that to be reasonable) and B) it's been months with no action. Hobit (talk) 03:02, 24 March 2021 (UTC)

Source for [9] was moved
Don't know a better way to report this, sorry ! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.245.11.185 (talk) 19:18, 18 April 2021 (UTC)

Introduction
The current introduction is:

In computing, cache algorithms (also frequently called cache replacement algorithms or cache replacement policies) are optimizing instructions, or algorithms, that a computer program or a hardware-maintained structure can utilize in order to manage a cache of information stored on the computer. Caching improves performance by keeping recent or often-used data items in memory locations that are faster or computationally cheaper to access than normal memory stores. When the cache is full, the algorithm must choose which items to discard to make room for the new ones.

I find this wordy and confusing. Suggest:

In computing, caches improve performance by keeping recent or often-used data items in memory locations that are faster or computationally cheaper to access than normal memory stores. Caches have limited size and thus data must be evicted to make room for new data. The cache replacement algorithm or cache replacement policy selects which data is evicted.

What do you think? David.Monniaux (talk) 20:10, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cache replacement policies


text:
Wong Kei

Wong Kei is a Chinese restaurant in London's Chinatown, once described as "the rudest restaurant in London". It is one of the largest Chinese restaurants in the UK with seating for around 500 diners.

Restaurant
Wong Kei was once known for the rudeness of its staff, who would shout "Sit down with them!" or "Go upstairs!" to arriving patrons, insult customers who asked for a knife and fork, and chase those who failed to leave a sufficient tip. This aspect was seen as a positive and enjoyable feature rather than a criticism of the restaurant. After a renovation, the restaurant reopened in 2001 with friendlier waiters, and when it reopened under new management in March 2014, new owner Daniel Luc said: "Maybe there was an issue with rude staff 20 to 30 years ago, but I don't think so any more. I don't know whether that's a good thing or not."

Building
Wong Kei originally occupied two shops on nearby Rupert Court but is currently situated at 41–43 Wardour Street. This building was originally built by Willy Clarkson (1861–1934), at the time a well-known theatrical wig-maker and costumier. It was designed by the architect H. M. Wakeley in a mixed Baroque and Art Nouveau style. Sarah Bernhardt laid the foundation stone in 1904 and Sir Henry Irving laid the coping stone in 1905.

Clarkson's business operated there from 1905 until it ceased trading in 1940. The building retains an original clock over the entrance, advertising it as the premises of a Costumer and Perruquier (one who makes and sells wigs). In 1966, a blue plaque was fixed to the façade to commemorate Clarkson.

When Terence Dalley sketched the building in 1972, another Chinese restaurant, Lee Ho Fook, occupied the ground floor.

title: Wong Kei


text:
Sergeant Benton

Sergeant John Benton is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, played by John Levene. He was the senior NCO of the British contingent of UNIT, a fictional international organisation that defends Earth from alien threats, and is eventually promoted to the rank of Warrant Officer Class 1, holding the post of regimental sergeant major. He appeared semi-regularly on the programme from 1968 to 1975.

Character history
Benton first appeared in the Second Doctor serial The Invasion (1968), when he is a corporal in UNIT. By the time of his next appearance in The Ambassadors of Death (1970) he has been promoted to sergeant and quickly forms a close relationship with the Doctor, Captain Mike Yates, and Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. Benton's tour in UNIT also coincides with the tenure of the Third and Fourth Doctors as UNIT's Scientific Advisor, and his promotion to WO1 occurs immediately prior to Robot (1974–75).

During his time with UNIT, Benton faces the Cybermen, the Daleks, the Nestene forces, and the Master. Benton is characterised as reliable, loyal, uncomplicated, and possessing good common sense. Aside from the regular companions and the Brigadier, Benton is the only recurring character in the classic series to travel in the TARDIS.

Benton is loyal to the people he works with and is willing to disobey orders to help them (in Invasion of the Dinosaurs, he encourages the Doctor to knock him out and escape after the Doctor is falsely accused). He offers himself as a test subject for the Doctor's psychic-scanner, remarking that he is expendable (Planet of the Spiders).

Very little is known of Benton outside of his UNIT duties, other than that he has a younger sister and is fond of ballroom dancing. His first name is never revealed in the television series. He flirts briefly with Jo Grant, the Third Doctor's assistant, as well as Sarah Jane Smith, but this does not get beyond good-natured banter.

Benton's last on-screen appearance in the series is in The Android Invasion. In Mawdryn Undead, set in 1983, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart says he left the British Army in 1979 and became a used car salesman. In Battlefield set in the 1990s, Lethbridge-Stewart hypothesises on still having Benton to assist wth a gardening project.

Benton is one of the most popular recurring supporting characters in the television series, is often listed as a companion of the Doctor, including on the official BBC Doctor Who website. Some sources, however, like John Nathan-Turner's book Doctor Who: The Companions, exclude Benton.

Benton is one of the few adult characters to have been portrayed by a child actor in pre-2005 Doctor Who: Darren Plant in The Time Monster and Steven Stanley in the direct-to-video Wartime.

Other appearances
The prologue of the Virgin Publishing novelisation of The Power of the Daleks by John Peel reveals that Benton returned to UNIT and became a commissioned officer with the rank of lieutenant (OF-1). In 1986, he leads a UNIT team to Antarctica to clear up the mess left by the Cybermen's failed attempt to drain Earth of its energy (The Tenth Planet).

John Levene reprised the role of Benton in the spin-off video Wartime, produced by Reeltime Pictures in 1987. This establishes a first name for Benton. Levene and Terrance Dicks determined this during the early 1970s, though it was not used in any official production before Wartime. The name John Benton has subsequently been used in spin-off novels and other fiction.

In 2013, Levene reprised the role again for the Big Finish Companion Chronicle Council of War and in 2017 for "UNIT: Assembled".

Benton appears alongside the Sixth Doctor in the unlicensed fan fiction novel Time's Champion by Chris McKeon, based on notes by Craig Hinton.

Television

 * Season 6
 * The Invasion (Episodes 1 – 2, 3 (voice only) & 5 – 8)
 * Season 7
 * The Ambassadors of Death (Episodes 5 & 7)
 * Inferno
 * Season 8
 * Terror of the Autons (Episodes 1, 2 & 4)
 * The Mind of Evil (Episodes 2 – 6)
 * The Claws of Axos
 * The Dæmons
 * Season 9
 * Day of the Daleks (Episodes 1 – 2 & 4)
 * The Time Monster (Episodes 1 – 4 & 6)
 * Season 10
 * The Three Doctors
 * The Green Death (Episodes 4 – 6)
 * Season 11
 * Invasion of the Dinosaurs
 * Planet of the Spiders (Episodes 1 & 2)
 * Season 12
 * Robot
 * Season 13
 * Terror of the Zygons
 * The Android Invasion (Episodes 2 – 4)

Video

 * Wartime

Audio drama

 * The Blue Tooth (adventure related by the character Liz Shaw)
 * The Doll of Death (adventure related by the character Jo Grant)
 * The Magician's Oath (adventure related by the character Captain Mike Yates)
 * Find and Replace (adventure related by the character Jo Grant)
 * The Rings of Ikiria (adventure related by the character Captain Mike Yates)
 * Council of War (starring John Levene and Sinead Keenan)
 * The Scream of Ghosts (full cast audio with John Levene as Benton)

Novels

 * Virgin Missing Adventures
 * Dancing the Code by Paul Leonard
 * The Eye of the Giant by Christopher Bulis
 * The Scales of Injustice by Gary Russell

 * Past Doctor Adventures
 * The Devil Goblins from Neptune by Martin Day and Keith Topping
 * The Face of the Enemy by David A. McIntee
 * Deep Blue by Mark Morris
 * Verdigris by Paul Magrs
 * Rags by Mick Lewis
 * Deadly Reunion by Terrance Dicks and Barry Letts

 * Eighth Doctor Adventures
 * The Eight Doctors by Terrance Dicks
 * Genocide by Paul Leonard

 * Independent Novels
 * Time's Champion by Craig Hinton and Chris McKeon

Short stories

 * "Brief Encounter—Listening Watch" by Dan Abnett (Doctor Who Magazine Winter Special 1991)
 * "Prisoners of the Sun" by Tim Robins (Decalog; parallel universe version of Benton)
 * "The Switching" by Simon Guerrier (Short Trips: Zodiac)
 * "An Overture Too Early" by Simon Guerrier (Short Trips: The Muses)
 * "UNIT Christmas Parties: Christmas Truce" by Terrance Dicks (Short Trips: A Christmas Treasury)

Comics

 * "The Man in the Ion Mask" by Dan Abnett and Brian Williamson (Doctor Who Magazine Winter Special 1991)
 * "Target Practice" by Gareth Roberts and Adrian Salmon (Doctor Who Magazine #234, 17 January 1996)

title: Sergeant Benton


text:
Mercian Regiment

The Mercian Regiment (Cheshire, Worcesters and Foresters, and Staffords) is an infantry regiment of the British Army, which is recruited from five of the counties that formed the ancient kingdom of Mercia. Known as 'The Heart of England's Infantry', it was formed on 1 September 2007 by the amalgamation of three existing regiments. The Regiment has had fifteen operational deployments since its formation.

History
The regiment's formation was announced on 16 December 2004 by the then Secretary of Defence Geoff Hoon and General Sir Mike Jackson as part of the restructuring of the British Army Infantry - it consisted of three regular battalions, plus a territorial battalion, and was created through the merger of three single battalion regiments.

The antecedent regiments were, The 1st Battalion, Cheshire Regiment, The 1st Battalion, Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment and the 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment. The reserve West Midlands Regiment, with elements of the King's and Cheshire Regiment and the East of England Regiment formed the 4th Battalion, Mercian Regiment.

The regiment originally had 3 regular army battalions and one Army Reserve battalion, though the 3rd Battalion was disbanded, as part of the restructuring of the British Army, in July 2014. It had been part of the 7th Armoured Brigade based in Bad Fallingbostel, Germany. The regiment further restructured in September 2022 when the 2nd Battalion merged with the 1st Battalion. This happened as a result of the Integrated Review.

The regiment was deployed to Afghanistan (Herrick 6, Herrick 10, Herrick 12, Herrick 14, Herrick 15, Herrick 17 and Herrick 19) and to Iraq (Telic 11).

In 2017 the regiment moved to the King's Division.

Regimental Headquarters
The regimental headquarters is situated at DMS Whittington in Lichfield, with outstations in Chester and Nottingham.

1st Battalion
The 1st Battalion has deployed on five operational tours since its formation in 2007, one to Iraq, two to Afghanistan, one to Ukraine, and one to Estonia. It is an armoured infantry battalion, part of the 12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team based at Bulford Camp, England.

4th Battalion
The 4th Battalion is the regiment's Army Reserve Armoured Infantry battalion. The battalion, whose HQ is based in Wolverhampton and Kidderminster, England, has 2 rifle companies, a support and an HQ company.

Regimental Distinctions
The regiment's cap badge is a double headed Mercian Eagle with Saxon crown. This has been chosen because it forms a link to the regiment's recruiting area, which encompass a number of divergent counties that do not have modern traditional links, only under the ancient Kingdom of Mercia (unlike the other new regiments from Scotland, Wales and Yorkshire). It was originally intended to use the old Mercian Brigade badge worn by the Cheshire Regiment, Staffordshire Regiment, Worcestershire Regiment and Sherwood Foresters from 1958 to 1968, rather than create an amalgamated badge that would require elements from all of the antecedents. In 2005, this badge was rejected by the Army Dress Committee on the grounds that it had been the badge of a territorial unit, The Mercian Volunteers, which was junior to the amalgamating regiments. Accordingly, a slightly modified design featuring two colours of metal was adopted.

In 2012, following the announcement that the 3rd Battalion (ex-Staffordshire Regiment) was to be disbanded, a proposal was submitted to the Army to have the name of the Mercian Regiment changed to reflect its entire lineage and maintain the Staffords name. In July 2014, this proposal was approved, and the regiment was renamed as The Mercian Regiment (Cheshire, Worcesters and Foresters, and Staffords).

Mascot

"Derby", a Swaledale ram, is the regimental mascot, a tradition inherited from the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment. The 30th iteration of the Mascot was known as Lance Corporal Derby XXX, before he died on 27 November 2015. His successor, known as Private Derby XXXI, was announced on 20 February 2016 but he died on 1 September 2017.

In December 2017 Private Derby XXXII was presented to the Regiment by the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire at Chatsworth House. Private Derby was received by Brigadier Williams, OBE, Colonel of the Regiment.

Private Derby led the Tamworth Carnival in 2019. According to his handlers this was the longest March Private Derby has done to date.

In July 2024 Derby XXXII was promoted to the rank of Corporal for the first time in the history of his lineage. The promotion took place following the annual pilgrimage to the regimental memorial at Crich on 7 July 2024.

The regiment also maintains loose links through its Regimental Headquarters with the former mascot of the Staffordshire Regiment, Watchman, who now carries out his duties as part of the Staffordshire Regiment Association.

Dress
Various "Golden Threads", representing the traditions of predecessor units, are incorporated in the Mercian Regiment's uniform:
 * Arm badge: a gold wire Stafford knot and glider badge with a backing of "Brown Holland" material on a black felt patch from the Staffordshire Regiment
 * Collar badge: oak leaves and acorn from the Cheshire Regiment combined with the motto Firm from the Worcestershire Regiment
 * Facing colour: buff, from the Cheshire Regiment. To be worn on full dress uniform, mess dress and as piping on No.1 dress shoulder straps.
 * Sword frog on the Sam Browne Belt comes from the Worcestershire Regiment
 * Officer's rank badges will be coloured bronze/gun metal, from the North Staffordshire Regiment
 * Warrant officers' and NCO's rank badges: Black backing from Staffordshire Regiment.
 * Cap badge backing: A square Lincoln green cloth backing worn behind the cap badge on the beret, from the Sherwood Foresters
 * Lanyards: Originally, each battalion wore a distinctively coloured lanyard on No.2 dress: red cerise for the 1st battalion, Lincoln green for the 2nd, black for the 3rd and Mercian blue for the 4th. A regimental pattern with twists of cerise, buff and green was worn by those who were extra-regimentally employed: this multi-coloured lanyard is now worn by all in the regiment.
 * Tactical Recognition Flashes: The regiment's TRF is a 3 vertical striped diamond with cerise on the left, buff in the middle and Lincoln green on the right. Each Battalion also has their own, the 1st and 2nd Battalions use their antecedent regiment's flashes, buff and cerise for the 1st and cerise and Lincoln green for the 2nd. The 3rd battalion has a black diamond with the Stafford knot and the 4th Battalion has a blue diamond with the Mercian Eagle on it.
 * Regimental Side Hat: black with buff inner crease and green piping and peak. The cap badge is in silver and gold wire embroidery.
 * Pullover: Buff, worn by officers and WOs, from the Cheshire Regiment.
 * Stable Belt: Buff, from the Cheshire Regiment, with a bronze locket bearing the cap badge in brass.

Band
The Band of the Mercian Regiment is the regimental military band of the Mercian Regiment. Based in Wolverhampton, the Band is composed of volunteer musicians that include many from civilian careers. The band undertakes a variety of performances international, national, and local parades/festivals and concerts. In recent years, the band has visited countries such as Cyprus, participated in events like the Buxton Military Tattoo and in 2014, became the first and only reserve band based outside of London to performs during the changing of the Queen's Guard at both Buckingham Palace and St James's Palace. It also has taken part in the Household Division's Beating Retreat on Horse Guards Parade. One of its more notable directors was Captain Anthony Hodgetts, who after rising through the ranks of British Army Bands, served twelve years as Director of Music of the Royal Army of Oman.

On the 1 June 2019, the Mercian Regiment Band led the Tamworth carnival though the town. According to the musicians this was the longest march the band had done to date.

On the 10 October 2019, Mercian Band Bugler Msn Wykes performed the Last Post and Rouse at the National Memorial Arboretum. He then also performed the Last Post and Rouse at the War memorial in St Editha's Church Tamworth, Tamworth being the historical capital of Mercia.

Regimental Museums
The Mercian Regiment supports four museums that hold collections of the Mercian Regiment and its antecedent regiments:
 * The Museum of the Mercian Regiment (WFR Collection) in Nottingham.
 * The Staffordshire Regiment Museum in Whittington, Staffordshire.
 * The Cheshire Military Museum in Chester.
 * The Mercian Regiment Museum (Worcester) in Worcester.

Regimental Colonels

 * 2007–2008: Maj Gen. C. G. S. Hughes CBE
 * 2008–2013: Brig. Andrew Sharpe OBE
 * 2013–2018: Brig. Andrew P. Williams OBE
 * 2018–present: Lieutenant General Ian J. Cave CB

Alliances
All of the previous alliances of the three individual regiments were carried over into the Mercian Regiment.
 * 🇦🇬 - Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force. Allied regiment.
 * 🇦🇺 - 8/7th The Royal Victoria Regiment. Allied regiment.
 * 🇨🇦 – 4th Battalion, Royal 22e Régiment. Allied regiment.
 * 🇨🇦 - The Grey and Simcoe Foresters. Allied regiment.
 * 🇨🇦 - The Cape Breton Highlanders. Allied regiment.
 * 🇯🇲 - The Jamaica Regiment. Allied regiment.
 * 🇵🇰 - 13th Battalion, The Punjab Regiment. Allied regiment.
 * 🇵🇰 - 7th Battalion, The Baloch Regiment. Allied regiment.
 * 🇮🇳 - 5th Battalion (Napiers), Rajputana Rifles. Affiliated regiment.
 * 🇮🇳 - 14th Prince of Wales's Own Scinde Horse Affiliated regiment.
 * 🇮🇳 - Madras Engineer Group. Affiliated regiment.
 * 🇬🇧 - N Battery (The Eagle Troop). Affiliated regiment.
 * - HMS Albion. Other affiliation.
 * 🏴 - The Worshipful Company of Bowyers. Other affiliation.
 * 🇫🇷 - Régiment de marche du Tchad. Bond of friendship.

Freedoms
The regiment has received the Freedom of several locations throughout its history; these include:

 * 🏴 1 September 2007: Dudley Metropolitan Borough.
 * 🏴 1 September 2007: Lichfield.
 * 🏴 1 September 2007: Stafford.
 * 🏴 1 September 2007: Stockport. Originally granted to the Cheshire Regiment on 16 October 1969.
 * 🏴 1 September 2007: Wolverhampton.
 * 🏴 1 September 2007: Worcester. Originally granted to the Worcestershire Regiment on 15 April 1950.
 * 🏴 12 September 2007: Derby.
 * 🏴 14 September 2007: Tamworth.
 * 🏴 4 October 2007: Erewash. Originally granted to the Worcestershire Regiment in 1951, then to the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment in 1970.
 * 🏴 15 October 2007: Nottingham. Originally granted to the Sherwood Foresters Regiment on 22 October 1945, then to the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment on 28 February 1970.
 * 🏴 12 December 2007: Chesterfield. Originally granted to the Sherwood Foresters Regiment in 1946, then to the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment in 1970.
 * 🏴 18 December 2007: High Peak.
 * 🏴 18 December 2007: Mansfield.
 * 🏴 20 February 2008: Newark.
 * 🏴 12 March 2008: Bassetlaw.
 * 🏴 12 March 2008: Kidderminster. Originally granted to the Worcestershire Regiment in 1952, then to the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment in 1989.
 * 🏴 14 March 2008: Dudley.
 * 🏴 26 March 2008: Chester.
 * 🏴 4 September 2008: Macclesfield.
 * 🏴 5 November 2008: Crewe and Nantwich.
 * 🏴 2008: Ellesmere Port & Neston.
 * 🏴 16 February 2009: Newcastle-under-Lyme.
 * 🏴 17 February 2009: Walsall.
 * 🏴 18 February 2009: Sandwell.
 * 🏴 19 February 2009: Burton-on-Trent.
 * 🏴 21 February 2009: Stoke-on-Trent.
 * 🏴 25 March 2009: Congleton.
 * 🏴 18 May 2009: Redditch.
 * 🏴 26 November 2009: Derbyshire Dales.
 * 🏴 2009: Wirral. Originally granted to the Cheshire Regiment in 1996.
 * 🏴 26 January 2010: Amber Valley.
 * 🏴 22 September 2010: Gedling.
 * 🏴 14 October 2010: Cheshire East.
 * 🏴 20 October 2010: Reading.
 * 🏴 11 November 2010: South Derbyshire.
 * 🏴 2010: Southwell.
 * 🏴 20 January 2011: Bromsgrove.
 * 🏴 29 March 2011: Wychavon.
 * 🏴 7 November 2012: Cannock Chase.
 * 🏴 21 May 2013: Tameside.
 * 🏴 2014: Sandbach.
 * 🏴 17 February 2015: Crewe.
 * 🏴 Unknown: Halton Originally granted to the Cheshire Regiment on 13 July 1989.

title: Mercian Regiment


text:
Royal Welsh

The Royal Welsh (R WELSH) (Y Cymry Brenhinol) is an armoured infantry regiment of the British Army. It was established in 2006 from the Royal Welch Fusiliers (23rd Foot) and the Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot).

History
The regiment's formation was announced on 16 December 2004 by Geoff Hoon and General Sir Mike Jackson as part of the restructuring of the infantry and it was actually formed on St David's Day, 1 March 2006. The Royal Welsh initially consisted of two Regular Army battalions, plus an Army Reserve battalion. The former regiments formed part of the battalion title (in brackets):
 * 1st Battalion, The Royal Welsh (Royal Welch Fusiliers) (ex 1st Battalion, the Royal Welch Fusiliers (23rd Foot))
 * 2nd Battalion, The Royal Welsh (Royal Regiment of Wales) (ex 1st Battalion, the Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot))

The 1st battalion deployed to Afghanistan in October 2007, October 2009 and April 2012.

In July 2007 the 2nd battalion deployed to Iraq and between 2009 and 2011 the battalion deployed companies to Afghanistan.

The 2nd battalion merged with 1st battalion to form a single battalion, the 1st Battalion, The Royal Welsh on 2 April 2014.

Structure
The 1st Battalion, The Royal Welsh is a Regular Army armoured infantry battalion based at Tidworth Camp. It comes under 12th Armoured Infantry Brigade with HQ at Bulford Camp in Wiltshire.

The 3rd Battalion, The Royal Welsh is an Army Reserve light infantry battalion based at Maindy Barracks in Cardiff, with company locations in Swansea, Pontypridd, Aberystwyth and Colwyn Bay. Paired with 1st Battalion The Royal Welsh, it also comes under 12th Armoured Infantry Brigade.

Regimental museum
The Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh is at The Barracks, Brecon. Meanwhile Firing Line: Cardiff Castle Museum of the Welsh Soldier is based at Cardiff Castle

Traditions
The regiment's cap badge is a representation of the Prince of Wales's feathers (formerly the cap badge of the Royal Regiment of Wales), while the hackle of the Royal Welch Fusiliers is worn by all NCOs and Other Ranks. Queen Elizabeth II was the new regiment's Colonel-in-Chief until her death in September 2022.

The regiment includes a goat, presented by the monarch; this is not a mascot but a ranking soldier. Lance Corporal William Windsor retired on 20 May 2009; a replacement, Fusilier William Windsor, was appointed on 15 June 2009.

Regimental Band and Corps of Drums of The Royal Welsh
The Regimental Band of The Royal Welsh is an all-brass band within the British Army. Formed of 30 soldiers who are all members of the Army Reserve, it can provide a marching band, a concert band or a fanfare team.

In October 2009, due to £54m of Ministry of Defence budget cuts affecting front line services including the war in Afghanistan, all bookings from end of October 2009 until April 2010 were cancelled. This covered the Autumn Rugby Union Internationals and Remembrance Day. Band members agreed to honour all charity appearances during this period, but without pay.

Regimental Colonels
Regimental Colonels have been as follows:
 * 2006–2011: Major General Roderick J. M. Porter, MBE
 * 2011–2016: Brigadier Philip M. L. Napier, OBE
 * 2016–2021: Lieutenant General James Swift, OBE
 * 2021–present: Major General Chris Barry, CBE

Freedoms
The regiment has received the Freedom of several locations throughout its history. As of 2019 the regiment has received the freedom of 28 local authorities; these include:
 * 🏴 23 July 2011: Bangor.
 * 🏴 25 September 2010: Blackwood.
 * 🏴 19 February 2011: Blaenau Gwent.
 * 🏴 30 August 2008: Bridgend.
 * 🏴 25 April 2009: Caernarfon.
 * 🏴 26 September 2010: Caerphilly.
 * 🏴 2008: Carmarthenshire.
 * 🏴 25 April 2009: Ceredigion.
 * 🏴 20 September 2010: Conwy.
 * 🏴 13 June 2011: Denbighshire.
 * 🏴 24 April 2009: Flintshire.
 * 🏴 4 March 2011: Monmouthshire.
 * 🏴 2006: Neath Port Talbot (Originally Granted to the Royal Regiment of Wales in July 1993).
 * 🏴 15 September 2018: Pembroke.
 * 🏴 2010: Rhondda Cynon Taf.
 * 🏴 5 June 2010: Torfaen.
 * 🏴 21 February 2009: Vale of Glamorgan.

Alliances

 * 🇨🇦 – Royal 22e Régiment
 * 🇨🇦 – The Ontario Regiment (RCAC)
 * 🇦🇺 – The Royal New South Wales Regiment
 * – 121 South African Infantry Battalion
 * – Pretoria Armour Regiment
 * 🇵🇰 – 4th Battalion, The Baloch Regiment
 * 🇵🇰 – 3rd Battalion, The Frontier Force Regiment
 * – 4th Battalion, The Royal Malay Regiment

title: Royal Welsh


text:
Holsteiner

The Holsteiner is a breed of horse originating in the Schleswig-Holstein region of northern Germany. It is thought to be the oldest of warmblood breeds, tracing back to the 13th century. Though the population is not large, Holsteiners are a dominant force of international show jumping, and are found at the top levels of dressage, combined driving, show hunters, and eventing.

Breed characteristics
Holsteiners are medium-framed horses averaging between at the withers. Approved stallions must be a minimum of 16 hands and mares a minimum of. The type, or general appearance, exhibited by Holsteiners should be that of an athletic riding horse. As a breed, Holsteiners are known for their arched, rather high-set necks and powerful hindquarters. The heavy neck was perpetuated even in modern Holsteiners with the help of Ladykiller xx and his son, Landgraf. In centuries past, Holsteiners retained the hallmark Roman nose of the Baroque horse, but today it has been replaced by a smaller head with large, intelligent eyes. These conformational characteristics give most Holsteiners good balance and elegant movement.

Before the onset of mechanization, these horses were used in agriculture, as coach horses, and occasionally for riding. The closed stud book and careful preservation of female family lines has ensured, in an era of globalization, the horses of Holstein have a unique character. While the active gaits, arched neck, and attractive manner in harness of the early foundation bloodstock have been retained, the breed survived because of the willingness of its breeders to conform to changing market demands. The high-headed jump and leg faults were corrected with supple, basculing jumping technique and structurally correct improvement sires. In the past 15 or 20 years, even more pronounced refinement and aesthetic appeal have occurred.

The easiest way to identify a Holsteiner is by the hot brand on the left hip, which is given to foals when they are inspected for their papers and passport. Foals outside of the main registry can receive an alternate brand. In most cases, the last two digits of the life number are part of the brand.

Many male Holsteiners have names beginning in the letters "C" or "L" due to the dominance of male lines perpetuated by Cor de la Bryére, Cottage Son xx, and Ladykiller xx. However, since Holsteiners from those families are used to add jumping ability to other warmblood breeding programs, non-Holstein warmbloods also often have those initials. Fillies, though, are named by year with I and J being the same year and Q and X not being used. For example, fillies born in 2008 and 1986 had names beginning in the letter "A". The use of the sire's name as part of the name of his offspring is discouraged.

Gaits
Holsteiners in general have round, generous, elastic strides with impulsion from the haunches and natural balance. In motion, Holsteiners retain the character of their coach driving forebears, often exhibiting more articulation of the joints than is common among other warmbloods. The acknowledged specialization for jumping capacity in the breed sometimes means the quality of the walk and trot suffer, though this is not the rule. The canter, which is typically light, soft, balanced, and dynamic, is the best gait of the Holsteiner.

Jumping
The strongest asset of the Holsteiner breed is their jumping ability. Even the average Holsteiner usually exhibits great power and scope, and correct technique. The scope and power were inherited from the heavier old Holsteiners, but they lacked carefulness, speed, adjustability, bascule, and technique. Improvement sires like Cor de la Bryére successively eliminated these flaws, making the Holsteiner breed internationally known for Olympic-caliber jumping. Werner Schockemöhle, a leading breeder of warmblood sport horses in neighboring Oldenburg said no breeding community in the world has a better knowledge of the show-jumping horse than the breeders of Holstein.

Coat colors
Similar to horse breeds in the nearby areas of Oldenburg, Groningen, and Friesland, traditional Holsteiners were dark-colored and minimally marked. This tendency has evolved into a preference for black, dark bay, and brown, though lighter shades such as chestnuts and grays are also permitted. Horses with large white spots suggestive of pinto patterning or any of the traits associated with leopard-spotting are excluded from the registry. Despite the fact that palomino and buckskin are not acceptable colors for the Holsteiner, the Thoroughbred improvement sire, Marlon xx was himself a dark buckskin that left the registry with a number of palomino and buckskin offspring.

Temperament
There are unflappable, lazy Holsteiners and sensitive, spooky Holsteiners. Some families, like that of Capitol I, are known for an uncomplicated temperament. Amateurs can find uncomplicated, cooperative, steady mounts, and professionals can find bold, sensitive rides; there is no one perfect temperament. Many Holsteiners are well-balanced, strong-nerved, reliable, and bold. Some critics of the breed, or particular lineages within it, find that strong selection for jumping performance results in capable high-level jumpers, but at the cost of rideability.

Breed history
The Holsteiner breed has been bred in the northernmost region of Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, for over 700 years. The windswept coastal marshes where the breed originated are characterized by rich, wet soil that could dry out and turn concrete-like in a matter of hours. Since the first century, these fertile marshes were said to be home to an autochthonous horse that was small and suited to the climate.

Organized horse breeding in Holstein was first conducted in the monasteries of Uetersen. Monks were frequently the most literate members of Middle Ages societies, so accurate record-keeping depended on them. From the small native horses of the Haseldorf marshes, the Uetersen monks began to develop larger horses suitable for riding in times of war, and for agriculture in the demanding environment.

As knightly combat gave way to the cavalry, horses used in warfare required more endurance and agility. Similar to other quality European horses of the time, the popularity of Neapolitan and Spanish horses were reflected in the Holsteiner. While not exceptionally tall, they had thick, high-set necks, animated gaits, and Roman noses. King Philip II of Spain routinely purchased Holsteiners to populate his stud at Cordoba. Following the Protestant Reformation, the breeding of horses was no longer the responsibility of the monks, but of local officials and individual farmers. As early as 1719, the state offered awards to the finest stallions bred by Holstein farmers. To qualify, the stallion had to be between four and 15 years old, stand at least 15.2 hands and have sired at least 15 foals in the previous season. Twelve black Holsteiner stallions were purchased for the foundation of Celle State Stud in 1735. These horses became the foundation of the Hanoverian breed.

Nineteenth century
The 19th century brought a change to European horse breeding: compact and powerful Baroque horses were replaced by the fleet English Thoroughbred as the primary animals used to improving local horse breeds. Improvements in roads and the development of the locomotive meant long coach rides were less often required. As a result, the emphasis fell on producing elegant, attractive carriage horses. Cleveland Bays and their Thoroughbred-infused relatives, Yorkshire Coach Horses, were imported from Britain to refine the Holsteiner, but the breed still maintained an even temperament. The same organizational efforts that enabled the construction of railways and better roads also affected horse breeding. In the 1860s, the state-owned stud farm (Landgestüt) at Traventhal was established under the Prussian Stud Administration. Traventhal, like other state studs, provided local private horse breeders with affordable access to high-quality stallions. The Duke of Augustenburg was particularly influential, importing fine Thoroughbred stallions and encouraging locals to use them. In 1885, Claus Hell Senior authored a breeding goal for the Holsteiner horse: "A refined, powerful carriage horse with strong bone structure and high, ground covering strides, which at the same time should possess all the qualities of a heavy riding horse." The Holsteiner stud book was founded by economic advisor Georg Ahsbahs in 1891, and within five years he helped to found the Elmshorn Riding and Driving School. This establishment, which is today home to the Verband sires, was the first such school in the world. Assignment of each mare family a stem number (stamm) was practiced even in the very beginning, and has allowed breeders to track the performance of female families. So well-organized and well-protected were the 19th century Holsteiners that one of the Thoroughbred sires imported by the Duke of Augustenburg is represented by several modern descendants.

Twentieth century
The early 20th century brought about significant changes for the Holstein horses and their breeders. World War I and World War II resulted in increased demand for powerful horses to pull the artillery wagons. In 1926, the Federation of Horse Breeders of the Holsteiner Marshes were made to turn over their stallions to the state stud, which redistributed the sires. These stallions were soon supplemented by those belonging to another regional breeders' association, as two local societies merged in 1935 to create today's Holsteiner verband.

After World War II, the mare population in 1950 was near 10,000; 11 years later, this number fell by over a third. In that decade, farmers had abandoned the breeding of horses, and the State Stud of Traventhal was dissolved. Instead of allowing the agricultural horses to die out as a breed, the Board of Directors of the breeders' federation purchased 30 Holsteiner stallions and three Thoroughbreds and completely reshaped the breeding direction. Former state stallions were now owned by the breeders' association, a completely unique arrangement among German warmblood breeding societies. To accomplish the updating of the Holsteiner, several Thoroughbred and French stallions were imported. By 1976, most of the top Holsteiner stallions were Thoroughbred or half-Thoroughbred. The new style Holsteiners were more agile, quicker, taller, and had better jumping technique. These changes have been especially important over the 15 to 20 years, as riding sport has left the realm of male professionals and soldiers, and become dominated by women and girls who ride as a leisure activity. To meet the needs of this new market, today's Holsteiners have been made more rideable, more beautiful, and more refined.

Methods of arriving at this goal have changed, too. In the past, sires were assigned to stallion depots to bring them closer to the mares that would benefit from them. Today, most breeders use artificial insemination, so the Verband-owned stallions reside at the central stud in Elmshorn. The mares, though, have often remained with small farmers who do not derive their income solely from horse-breeding.

Influential sires
Warmblood breeds, including the Holsteiner, are modeled to meet the demands of the market, and are never stagnant. When agile cavalry horses were required, Baroque horses from Spain and Naples were used; when flashier coach horses were in demand, the Yorkshire Coach horse contributed its genes. Following World War II, the farm horse gave way to the leisure riding horse and sport horse. Holstein breeders have achieved their aims in the past century with the use of Thoroughbred, Anglo-Arab, and Anglo-Norman sires. The mare base with which breeders were working was of heavy warmblood type. They were calm and sensible, with great depth and breadth but also with elegance, quality and active gaits suitable for coaching. Holsteiners of this era lacked elasticity and athleticism for dressage, and were heavy and slow off the ground over fences. Therefore, the influences due to selection for pulling power had to be systematically eliminated.

 * Ramzes AA (1937–1965) gray Anglo-Arabian, 166 cm (Rittersporn xx – Shagya X-3 – Bakszysz ox)
 * Bred in Poland. This homozygous gray stallion, with a Thoroughbred sire and Shagya Arabian dam, was among the three most important German sires in the early years. He was leased to the state stud of Neuendorf for the 1951, 1952, 1959 and 1960 breeding seasons. Intermittently, he was sent to Westphalia, where he founded the male line that lead to the influential dressage sire, Rubinstein. In Holstein, though, Ramzes AA produced international caliber jumpers Retina, Ramona and Romanus. A full sister to Romanus, Vase produced fourteen foals for Holstein including the top stallions Maurus and Montreal. Most importantly for Holstein, Ramzes AA sired Raimond, the sire of Ramiro, the "Stallion of the Century".

 * Anblick xx (1938–1964) dark bay or brown Thoroughbred, 161 cm (Ferro xx – Herold xx – Nuage xx)
 * Bred at Graditz State Stud. Anblick xx was the first post-World War II refining sire. In comparison to their dams, his offspring were lighter-boned, exceptionally good movers, game and bold over fences. Anblick xx left 14 approved sons and 49 broodmares. His best son was Aldato, maternal grandsire of Landgraf. He also sired the horses Antoinette and Venetia, who competed at the Olympics.

 * Cottage Son xx (1944–1964) black or brown Thoroughbred, 164 cm (Young Lover xx – Cottage xx – Speed xx)
 * Bred in England. Cottage Romance represented both Great Britain and his sire, Cottage Son xx, in eventing at the 1960 Rome Olympics. The year before, Cottage Son xx had been sent to Elmshorn to cross on heavier Holsteiner mares. The State Stud of Traventhal was being dissolved, as horse breeding had stagnated. As an upgrader, Cottage Son xx produced good riding horses with willing, honest temperaments. His daughters were exceptional, producing the likes of Lord and Ramiro. He left 53 broodmares and 14 approved sons, and the best among them was Consul. However, this Thoroughbred's lasting influence is felt primarily through his great-grandson Capitol I and through female families today.

 * Marlon xx (1958–1981) dark buckskin Thoroughbred, 164 cm (Tamerlane xx – Fairford xx – Knight of the Garter xx)
 * Bred in Ireland. Marlon xx sired horses that were structurally correct with great gaits, with tough, competitive characters and mental endurance. He was an especially good sire of Eventing horses, including Madrigal, who at the Montreal Olympics garnered an individual bronze medal and team silver medal. His grandsire Persian Gulf xx is half-brother to Precipitation xx, the sire of Furioso xx. His son Montevideo was a member of the gold medal dressage team at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Marlon xx was a very, very dark buckskin, and was known for producing palomino and buckskin offspring. He left 43 States Premium mares among countless broodmares, and 21 approved sons including Dutch sire Kommandeur (formerly Manchester) and Danish model sire Martell.

 * Ladykiller xx (1961–1979) bay Thoroughbred, 164 cm (Sailing Light xx – Loaningdale xx – Apron xx)
 * Bred in England. Ladykiller xx was powerful and masculine, striking, correct and considered very attractive, with a quality head. His type, rather open loins and high-set, crested neck, are all common features of the Holsteiner breed. As a sire, he reproduced not only his handsome looks, but gaits, strong character, kind temperament, and above all, great jumping technique. His best sons, among the many, were Lord and Landgraf I. Ladykiller xx is responsible for the frequency with which warmblood names begin with the letter "L".

 * Cor de la Bryére (1968–2000) dark bay Selle Français, 166 cm (Rantzau xx – Lurioso – Landau)
 * Bred in France. The importation of Cor de la Bryére, commonly "Corde", was sparked by the success of his two cousins in Oldenburg, Furioso II and Futuro. They shared their sire, Furioso xx, with Lurioso, Corde's maternal grandsire. It is difficult to overstate Corde's influence on the breeding of jumping horses. With sophistication of technique, elasticity and bascule, and an endless spring, Corde brought to Holstein breeders exactly what they needed. His list of descendants in jumping sport is extensive. Additionally, Corde's offspring were easy to ride and kind with well-balanced canters. His sons include Caletto I, Caletto II, Caletto III, Calypso I, Calypso II, Calypso III, Calypso IV, Corrado I, Corde-Star and Cordalmé Z.

Holsteiner breeders today rarely add in foreign blood, and allow upgrading stallions based on their proven ability to contribute to the genepool. Other important sires for the Holsteiner breed include Almé Z, especially through his son Quidam de Revel, and Bachus Z, son of the Shagya Arabian Bajar.

Uses
Although Holsteiners make up only 6% of the total European horse population, they represent a large proportion of successful show jumpers in particular. Holsteiners are also excellent show hunters and hunt seat equitation horses in North America, and there are numbers of Holsteiners on the international scene in dressage, eventing, and combined driving.

The Holsteiner studbook was ranked No. 3 in international show jumping by the World Breeding Federation for Sport Horses (WBFSH) in 2008. Furthermore, the 2008 WBFSH rankings of top 30 sires of show jumpers were dominated by Holsteiners: No. 6 Caretino, No. 8 Libero H, No. 11 Cassini, No. 13 Calido, No. 17 Carthago, No. 18 Contender, No. 19 Corrado I, No. 20 Calvados, No. 28 Corland, No. 29 Acord II. Olympic medalists in show jumping, bearing the Holsteiner brand include Cedric and Carlsson vom Dach (team gold, Beijing), In Style (team silver, Beijing), Nobless M and Cantus (team bronze, Beijing), Fein Cera (team gold, Athens), Cardento and Magic Bengtsson (team silver, Athens), Cöster (team bronze, Athens), Cento (team bronze, Athens and team gold, Sydney), Calvaro V (team silver, Sydney), Classic Touch (individual gold, Barcelona), Orchidee (team gold, Seoul), Robin (team gold, Munich), and Trophy (team gold, Munich and team silver, Montreal).

In North America, Holsteiners are often employed as top-quality show hunters. Of the top 20 sires of hunters listed by the USEF in 2008, Holsteiners were again dominant: No. 1 Cheenook, No. 3 Cassini I, No. 6 Acorado I, No. 9 Come Back II, No. 11 Acord II, No. 13 Coriano, No. 15 Carano, No. 16 Hemmingway, No. 19 Burggraaf. The 2008 No. 1 Regular Working Hunter was Cunningham, a Holsteiner.

Holsteiners that reach the upper echelons of dressage are less common, but do exist. Successive generations of selection for jumping power have given most Holsteiners a powerful "engine." The studbook was ranked No. 8 in international dressage by the World Breeding Federation for Sporthorses in 2008. Cheenook, mentioned above as the No. 1 sire of USEF Hunters in 2008, competed up to Intermediare I dressage and participated twice in the German Federal Dressage Horse Championships. Holsteiners currently competing in international dressage include Liebling II (Lorentin I), Amicelli (Amigo), The Lion King B (Landos), Lanzaro (Lavall I), Samsung Cinque Cento (Cambridge), and Jamiro Rosso (Caletto). Holstein's impact on dressage is not limited to these horses. The No. 6 sire of international dressage horses, Flemmingh, had two Holsteiner parents: Lacapo, a Landgraf son, and Texas, a Carneval daughter. True to his ancestry, Flemmingh is known for producing knee action. Also on the list of top sires of FEI dressage horses are No. 14 Contango, who stands in the United States, and No. 25 Carpaccio. Like Cheenook, Carpaccio was also sired by Caretino. Holsteiners to prove themselves at the Olympic level include both the gold medal in the individual competition at the 1976 Montreal Olympics, won by Granat. The Marlon xx son, Montevideo, was a member of the gold medal-winning dressage team in Los Angeles.

Most Holsteiners with the speed to succeed in eventing have a Thoroughbred sire. As a studbook, they are ranked No. 6 based on performances in international eventing. This point was highlighted in 2008 when Marius, a Holsteiner by Condrieu xx, won the individual gold medal in Beijing. Holsteiners Madrigal and Albrant have won individual bronze and team silver, and team silver, respectively. Holsteiners currently competing in FEI eventing include Sundancer (Sunset Boulevard xx), ADM. V. Schneider (Sir Shostakov xx), So Lonely (Salient xx), Master Boy (Martel xx), and Coolroy Piter (Caretino).

A small but significant number of Holsteiners continue their historical roles in harness by competing in the sport of combined driving. The 1976 World Championship in Combined Driving was won by Emil Jung and 4 Holsteiners.

title: Holsteiner