text:
User talk:Leavebeaver2me

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 21:44, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Image copyright
Thanks for uploading the images Image:15hcipel.jpg from the Home News Tribune 8/15/02, and Image:Vancouverspecial.jpg. I notice neither currently have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know the copyright status? Untagged images may be deleted, since we have no way of knowing whether it's legal to them. (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you want to reply, please use my talk page. Thanks, Oliver Lineham 23:47, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)

Replaceable fair use Image:Vancouverspecial.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Vancouverspecial.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

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If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that fair use images which could be replaced by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted 7 days after this notification, per our Fair Use policy. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. – Quadell (talk) (random) 03:53, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Helmet Boxing
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Helmet Boxing, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
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All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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Vancouver Wikipedia 10th Anniversary Meetup

''The Interior cordially invites you to the Vancouver Wikipedia 10th Anniversary Meetup! It is being held at Benny's Bagels at 2505 W Broadway. Meetup will start at 6:30pm. Drop by for some Wikipedia-style conviviality and free gear! Feel free to forward this invitation to any Wikipedians who might be able to attend, and visit the discussion page to suggest activities. Hope to see you there and have a Happy 2011!

Invitation to Vancouver meetup
Hello,

Wikipedian British Columbians are planning a meetup at the Vancouver Public Library, Central Branch, on Sunday, October 16th, as part of the Wikipedia Loves Libraries events. If you wish to attend, please see Meetup/Vancouver and add your signature to the list.

Thank you! Inverse Hypercube 03:05, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

Invitation to Vancouver meetup
Hello,

You are invited to an edit-a-thon at the Prophouse Café on Sunday March 25, as part of Women's History Month events all over the world. If you wish to attend, please see Meetup/Vancouver WikiWomen's Edit-a-Thon and add your signature to the list.

Thank you! Inverse Hypercube (talk) 09:39, 10 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Leavebeaver2me


text:
Southampton Itchen (UK Parliament constituency)

Southampton, Itchen is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Darren Paffey from the Labour Party (UK). Before then, it had been held since 2015 by Royston Smith GM of the Conservative Party, who had announced his retirement from frontline politics in 2023 and did not seek re-election in 2024.

Discounting the Speaker (of the House of Commons) returned in the early 1970s in two elections, local voters have elected the MP from only two parties alternately for various periods, with one party reaffiliation (defection) between elections when the Labour Party split in the 1980s.

Since 1987, campaigns in the seat have resulted in a minimum of 26.8% of votes at each election consistently for the same two parties' choice for candidate, and the next highest-placed share having fluctuated between 3% and 23% of the vote. In those recent elections, save for 2015 when UKIP surged nationally, the third-placed candidate has been a Liberal Democrat, whose candidate lost their deposit in the result perhaps uniquely for an English university city seat in 2017, but which takes in far fewer of the university areas than Southampton Test. The seat attracted nine candidates in 1997; three in 1992. Oldest elections in the seat were sometimes a two-candidate contest, as in comparator mid-twentieth century English elections.

History
The constituency was created in 1950, when the two-member Southampton constituency was abolished.

The constituency is named after the River Itchen, which flows through it and is the lesser of the two major rivers that reach the tidal estuary of Southampton Water at the city. Although until the 1970s it was a safe Labour seat, it elected a Conservative MP, Christopher Chope in 1983 and 1987 after the sitting MP Bob Mitchell left Labour in 1981 for the SDP. The combination of Mitchell as a strong SDP-Liberal Alliance candidate in both 1983 and 1987, together with Conservative landslides, made Southampton Itchen highly competitive.

Labour candidate John Denham, defeated Chope by 551 votes in 1992 and held the seat with low-to-average majorities until 2010 when he won by 192 votes. From 2010 to 2017, the three general election results in the seat presented themselves as two-party ultra-marginal (finely-balanced) contests.

Royston Smith GM gained the seat as a Conservative Party candidate in 2015. He had led his party's group on the city council and first contested the seat in 2010. He retained the seat in the 2017 general election with a majority of 31 votes, and subsequently at the 2019 general election with a majority of over 4000 votes.

Boundaries
1950–1955: The County Borough of Southampton wards of Bevois, Bitterne and Peartree, Bitterne and Sholing, Newtown, Northam, Portswood, St Denys, St Mary's, Trinity, and Woolston.

1955–1983: The County Borough of Southampton wards of Bitterne, Harefield, Peartree and Bitterne Manor, St Denys and Bitterne Park, St Luke's, St Mary's, Sholing, Swaythling, and Woolston.

1983–1997: The City of Southampton wards of Bargate, Bitterne, Bitterne Park, Harefield, Peartree, St Luke's, and Sholing.

1997–2024: The City of Southampton wards of Bargate, Bitterne, Bitterne Park, Harefield, Peartree, Sholing, and Woolston.

2024-present: The City of Southampton wards of: Bargate, Bitterne Park, Harefield, Peartree, Sholing, Thornhill, and Woolston; and two polling districts from the Banister & Polygon ward.

Note that the 2024 boundary review did not change the boundaries of Southampton Itchen but following a review of local authority ward boundaries, which became effective in May 2023, the definition of the boundaries changed.

The seat covers the eastern part of the City of Southampton, in southern England, specifically the city centre, the eastern port areas (the Port of Southampton is one of the principal ports of the UK), the exclusive Ocean Village quarter, the inner city council estates and the economically deprived Thornhill estate on its eastern boundary. It is seen as the more working class of the two constituencies in the city. The other is Southampton Test – named after the River Test.

The constituency is bounded to the west by Southampton Test (Labour), to the north by Romsey and Southampton North (Conservative), to the north east by Eastleigh (Lib Dem) and to the south east by Hamble Valley (Conservative).

Constituency profile
Workless claimants, registered jobseekers, were in November 2012 close to but slightly below than the national average of 3.8%, at 3.5% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian, above the average for the South East seats of 2.5% but below, for example, five seats in East Kent.

Members of Parliament
Southampton prior to 1950

Elections in the 2000s
Electorate: 76,603

Elections in the 1990s
Electorate: 76,869

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Abraham Wald

Abraham Wald (Wald Ábrahám, אברהם וואַלד; October 31, 1902 – December 13, 1950) was a Jewish Hungarian mathematician who contributed to decision theory, geometry and econometrics, and founded the field of sequential analysis. One of his well-known statistical works was written during World War II on how to minimize the damage to bomber aircraft and took into account the survivorship bias in his calculations. He spent his research career at Columbia University. He was the grandson of Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner.

Life and career
Wald was born on 31 October 1902 in Kolozsvár, Transylvania, in the Kingdom of Hungary. A religious Jew, he did not attend school on Saturdays, as was then required by the Hungarian school system, and so he was homeschooled by his parents until college. His parents were quite knowledgeable and competent as teachers.

In 1928, he graduated in mathematics from the King Ferdinand I University. In 1927, he had entered graduate school at the University of Vienna, from which he graduated in 1931 with a Ph.D. in mathematics. His advisor there was Karl Menger.

Despite Wald's brilliance, he could not obtain a university position because of Austrian discrimination against Jews. However, Oskar Morgenstern created a position for Wald in economics. When Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938, the discrimination against Jews intensified. In particular, Wald and his family were persecuted as Jews. Wald immigrated to the United States at the invitation of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, to work on econometrics research.

During World War II, Wald was a member of the Statistical Research Group (SRG) at Columbia University, where he applied his statistical skills to various wartime problems. They included methods of sequential analysis and sampling inspection. One of the problems that the SRG worked on was to examine the distribution of damage to aircraft returning after flying missions to provide advice on how to minimize bomber losses to enemy fire. Wald derived a useful means of estimating the damage distribution for all aircraft that flew from the data on the damage distribution of all aircraft that returned. His work is considered seminal in the discipline of operational research, which was then fledgling.

Wald and his wife died in 1950 when the Air India plane (VT-CFK, a DC-3 aircraft ) in which they were travelling crashed near the Rangaswamy Pillar in the northern part of the Nilgiri Mountains, in southern India, on an extensive lecture tour at the invitation of the Indian government. He had visited the Indian Statistical Institute at Calcutta and was to attend the Indian Science Congress at Bangalore in January. Their two children were back at home in the United States.

After his death, Wald was criticized by Sir Ronald A. Fisher FRS. Fisher attacked Wald for being a mathematician without scientific experience who had written an incompetent book on statistics. Fisher particularly criticized Wald's work on the design of experiments and alleged ignorance of the basic ideas of the subject, as set out by Fisher and Frank Yates. Wald's work was defended by Jerzy Neyman the next year. Neyman explained Wald's work, particularly with respect to the design of experiments. Lucien Le Cam credits him in his own book, Asymptotic Methods in Statistical Decision Theory: "The ideas and techniques used reflect first and foremost the influence of Abraham Wald's writings."

He was the father of the noted American physicist Robert Wald.

Notable publications
For a complete list, see

title: Abraham Wald


text:
Category talk:Les Six

Archived deletion discussion
The decision of WP:CFD was keep.

Just another stray I'm moving from VfD. Niteowlneils 01:20, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Strong keep. The Groupe des six is a well known group of French composers.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 02:15, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Agreed - this is a recognised Musical Movement comparable to the Russian "Mighty Handful" [[User:Grutness|Grutness talk [[Image:Grutness.jpg|30px|]]]] 07:12, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Should it be Category:Les Six? Groupe des six redirects there.  Regardless, it should be populated.  --Whosyourjudas (talk) 05:32, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

VfD page: Votes for deletion/Groupe des six

title: Category talk:Les Six


text: Category:1264 births

title: Category:1264 births


text:
Elisabeth Grümmer

Elisabeth Grümmer (née Schilz; 31 March 1911 – 6 November 1986) was a German soprano. She has been described as "a singer blessed with elegant musicality, warm-hearted sincerity, and a voice of exceptional beauty".

Life
Elisabeth Schilz was born in Niederjeutz [now Yutz, near Diedenhofen (Thionville), Alsace-Lorraine] to German parents. In 1918, her family was expelled from Lorraine, and they settled in Meiningen, where she studied theater and made her stage debut as Klärchen in Goethe's Egmont.

She married the concertmaster of the theater orchestra, Detlev Grümmer, and became a mother. The family moved to Aachen, where they met Herbert von Karajan under whose encouragement she made her operatic debut in 1940, in the role of First Flowermaiden in a 1940 performance of Wagner's Parsifal. She went on from Aachen to perform in Duisburg and Prague.

Her husband was killed in their house during the bombing of Aachen in 1944. After the war, she settled in Berlin, singing at the Städtische Oper Berlin. She performed in the major opera houses in Europe and the United States, restricting herself to a small number of roles, primarily sung in German. She was also active in song recitals and concert performances, particularly of Brahms' German Requiem.

The Kammersängerin became a professor at the Berlin Musikhochschule. Among her students are Astrid Schirmer, Gillian Rae-Walker, and Janis Kelly.

Grümmer died in Warendorf, Westphalia on 6 November 1986.

Work and critical reception
Grümmer was acclaimed both as an opera singer and as a lieder interpreter. The book, The Grove Book of Opera Singers, referred to her "beautiful voice, clarity of diction and innate musicianship" evidenced by her legacy on record.

She appeared in two videotaped performances as Donna Anna in Don Giovanni, one conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler and the other in German translation conducted by Ferenc Fricsay.

Operas

 * Carmen by Georges Bizet, conductor Eugen Jochum, Bavarian Radio Chorus and Orchestra (1954, in German, highlights: Micaëla).
 * Hänsel und Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck, conductor Herbert von Karajan, EMI 5670612 2CD-Album (1953)
 * Hänsel und Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck, conductor Otto Matzerath, live radio performance 1956, Ponto 2CD-Album (2004)
 * Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler, EMI 7638602 3CD-Album (live recording 1954, tapes of the 1953 performance have also been issued).
 * Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Dimitri Mitropoulos, live recording 1956, Sony 3CD-Album (1994)
 * Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Wolfgang Sawallisch, live recording in German 1960, Deutsche Grammophon (Universal) 3CD-Album (2009)
 * Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Hans Zanotelli, highlights in German 1960,EMI CDZ 25 2217 2.
 * Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Ferenc Fricsay, live recording 1961, Golden Mel (2007)
 * Die Hochzeit des Figaro by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Ferenc Fricsay, RELIEF B0001M64VQ 2CD-Album (1951)
 * Idomeneo by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Ferenc Fricsay, live recording from Salzburg 1961, DG (1995)
 * Le Nozze di Figaro by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Karl Böhm, live recording from Tokyo 1963, Ponto (2010)
 * Die Zauberflöte by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Georg Solti, live radio performance 1955, GALA 2CD-Album (2004)
 * Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss (live recording Munich 1952: Octavian), conductor Erich Kleiber, MYTO CD-Album (2007)
 * Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss (live recording Berlin 1959: Marschallin), conductor Silvio Varviso, Gala CD-Album (2005)
 * Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss, conductor Wilhelm Schüchter,(Octavian, highlights) EMI 8264302 CD-Album (1956)
 * Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss (live recording Cologne 1972: Marschallin), conductor Siegfried Köhler, Opera Depot
 * Pique Dame by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (live radio performance Berlin 1947: Lisa), conductor Artur Rother, Gala CD-Album
 * Lohengrin by Richard Wagner, conductor Rudolf Kempe, EMI 567415 3CD-Album (1963)
 * Lohengrin by Richard Wagner, conductor Lovro von Matačić, live recording 1959, Orfeo (2006)
 * Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner, conductor Rudolf Kempe, EMI 3CD-Album (1956)
 * Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner, conductor André Cluytens, live recording 1957, Walhall (2008)
 * Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner, conductor Erich Leinsdorf, live recording 1959, Myto (2010)
 * Das Rheingold by Richard Wagner (live radio recording 1953: Freia) conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler, EMI (1990)
 * Das Rheingold by Richard Wagner (live recording Bayreuth 1957 and 1958 : Freia) conductor Hans Knappertsbusch, various labels
 * Götterdämmerung by Richard Wagner (live recording Bayreuth 1957 and 1958: Gutrune) conductor Hans Knappertsbusch, various labels
 * Tannhäuser by Richard Wagner, conductor Franz Konwitschny, EMI 3CD-Album (1960)
 * Der Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber, conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler, live recording from Salzburg 1954, EMI 5674192 2CD-Album (2000)
 * Der Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber, conductor Joseph Keilberth, EMI 2CD-Album (1959)
 * Der Freischütz by Carl Maria von Weber, conductor Erich Kleiber, live radio performance 1955, Opera D'oro 2CD-Album (1998)

Sacred music

 * Matthäus-Passion BWV 244 by Johann Sebastian Bach, conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler, EMICLASSICS 5655092 2CD-Album (1995)
 * Johannes-Passion BWV 245 by Johann Sebastian Bach, conductor Karl Forster, EMICLASSICS 7642342 2CDs-Album (1992)
 * Kantaten - Cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach, conductor Kurt Thomas, BERLINCLASSICS B000024WMM CD (1996)
 * Bach MADE IN GERMANY Vol. II Kantaten, Motetten, Weihnachtsoratorium, conductor Kurt Thomas, BERLINCLASSICS B000031W6B 8CD-Album (1999)
 * Die Schöpfung by Joseph Haydn, conductor Karl Forster, EMI 2 CD-Album (1989)
 * Stabat mater by Gioacchino Rossini, conductor Ferenc Fricsay, Melodram (1994)
 * Messa Da Requiem  by Giuseppe Verdi, conductor Ferenc Fricsay, live recording 1951, Andromeda (2007)
 * Ein Deutsches Requiem Op. 45, by Johannes Brahms, conductor Rudolf Kempe, EMICLASSICS 7647052 (1955)
 * Ein Deutsches Requiem Op. 45, by Johannes Brahms, conductor Otto Klemperer, 1956 radio performance, ICA CLASSICS 5002 (2011)

Lieder

 * Elisabeth Grümmer, Lieder by Schubert, Brahms, Grieg und Verdi, conductor Hugo Diez and Richard Kraus, TESTAMENT B000003XJQ (1996)
 * Elisabeth Grümmer, Liederabend, Lieder by Mendelssohn, Schumann, Schoeck, Wolf, ORFEO 506001B CD (2000)
 * Recital 1970, Lieder by Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart, Reger, Schubert, Schumann, Strauss, Wolf, Dirigent Richard Kraus, GALA B000028CLY 2CD-Album (2001)
 * Elisabeth Grümmer sings Mozart, Schubert, Brahms, Wolf , Historic recordings 1956/1958. Hänssler Classics (2009)

Video

 * Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler, film directed by Paul Czinner, Deutsche Grammophon 073 019-9 DVD-Video (2001)
 * Don Giovanni by Mozart, sung in German translation, conductor Ferenc Fricsay, Deutsche Oper Berlin 24 September 1961, with Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Josef Greindl, Legato Classics LCV 022

title: Elisabeth Grümmer


text:
Talk:Amdahl Corporation

Removal of mostly IBM-relevant paragraphs
Just for the record: I removed two paragraphs of text which went on about IBMs later mainframe offerings and plans; if someone wants to use that material for covering IBM, please grab the stuff from the previous version of this article (via the history tab). --Wernher 21:47, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

PLEASE use the original Amdahl logo. The Fujitsu-ized logo is widely despised. I can provide it to you if necessary. redducatist2 (at) hotmail —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.160.42.130 (talk • contribs) 03:11, 20 November 2006
 * I've added the original logo to the "Company origins" section. Terry Carroll 19:51, 26 August 2007 (UTC) (Senior Computer Architect, Amdahl Corp. 1991-94)

Also, you might want to mention Platform Solutions (http://www.platform-solutions.com/) where the core Amdahl engineers are now working on a new plug-compatible product. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.160.42.130 (talk • contribs) 03:29, 20 November 2006

Nomenclature
The original design, announce as the 470, was dropped and as far as I know it was never shipped. It was replaced by the 470V line, with the first model being the 470V/6. I have seen no Amdahl manuals referring to it as 470V6, 470/V6, 470 V6 or the like. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 00:28, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

Was the console notable?
At the time that the 470V/6 was current, Amdahl was quite proud of it's use of a Data General Nova 1200 as a console processor, although the large motherboard had reliability problems because it sagged. Was that console processor notable enough to justify including in the article? Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 00:41, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

31-bit addressing
For the last several years, this article documented that the architectures supported by the XA and later Amdahl systems used 31-bit addressing. Last weekend, in a series of edits by an anonymous editor. This was "corrected" to 32-bit. I think this was a good-faith edit, but the editor was unfamiliar with the architecture and 31-bit addressing, and assumed it was an error for the more familiar 32-bit scheme. I undid those changes, restored it back to the correct 31-bit. My undo, was itself undone with the comment Data are still 32 bits. I'm just documenting this here to avoid an edit war as I restore it to the status quo. This was 31-bit, not 32-bit. For an example of a discussion of this, see, e.g., the IBM pub at. If there is still any belief that this should be called 32-bit, please discuss here and reach a consensus before changing it from the longstanding article content. TJRC (talk) 05:19, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

 * That is an incorrect description of my edit; I did not change 32-bit addressing to 32-bit addressing. What I changed were 31-bit mainframes and 31-bit support, neither of which refer to addressing. Current IBM mainframes in the IBM System/360 line have 64-bit registers as opposed to 32-bit, and *that* is what Amdahl is not supporting. Please don't confuse a select edit with a reversion and don't confuse me with the poster at [212.152.181.180 ]. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 12:36, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

There is no 470/5
There is no 470/5, only a 470/6, 470V/5, 470V/6, ... I assume that the image is a console for the 4705, a replacement for the IBM 3705. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 22:59, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

 * It's clearly a 4705. The accompanying text makes no sense, either:

 * Amdahl Corp. launched its first product, the Amdahl 470/6, in 1975, competing directly against IBM's high-end machines in the then-current System/370 family, but with IBM's announcement of Dynamic Address Translation (DAT), Amdahl announced the 470V/6 and dropped the 470/5.
 * TJRC (talk) 01:19, 23 May 2012 (UTC)

 * I only had a few seconds in the warehouse to snap a few photographs, without any context, so I had to make some guesses as to what they were. Nearby was this Amdahl control panel, but I don't have any details on it, either.  -- Autopilot (talk) 01:44, 24 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Regardless, thanks for the photo. Photo contributions are more scarce than text, so it's very much appreciated. TJRC (talk) 15:32, 27 May 2012 (UTC)

Anachronism
Amdahl Corporation claims"Amdahl launched its first product in 1975, the Amdahl 470/6, which competed directly against high-end models in IBM's then-current System/370 family. When IBM announced the introduction of Dynamic Address Translation (DAT), Amdahl announced the 470V/6 and dropped the 470/6."

However, DAT was announced in 1972. Shmuel (Seymour J.) Metz Username:Chatul (talk) 20:10, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

Logo
What is the best logo to include in the infobox? It seems that Fujitsu does not really market the current logo that is stated there, so maybe the old version is the better option. PhotographyEdits (talk) 08:25, 10 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amdahl Corporation


text: User talk:66.90.170.214

title: User talk:66.90.170.214


text:
File:Olin College Great Lawn.jpg

A view of the great lawn at Olin College

Photo taken by Michael Maloney and released under the conditions of the Wikipedia copyright with his permission.

title: File:Olin College Great Lawn.jpg


text:
User talk:EventHorizon/archive2

Reversion
I am sorry you felt that way about my reversion. I have no objection to the article on Wikipedia covering criticism of Wikipedia. However, there is a very important difference between factually describing criticism and editorializing in third person ("ranting"). This difference mainly lies in whether the criticism is specific, and whether it can be attributed to specific supporters (as opposed to "many consider..."). I felt that your addition was mostly on the wrong side.

I find the description on your user page that I reverted "without cause" to be unfair. When I revert newcomer tests or vandalism, I use the rollback function, which gives the edit summary ("Reverted edits by X to last version by Y"). In your case, I motivated reversion by calling your addition a "rant", which is a concise and on Wikipedia widely used term for text that is POV, even when only subtly so. I had hoped that you would ask for clarification in case you had indeed understood the neutral point of view policy on Wikipedia, and disagreed merely about my conception of your addition appearing non-neutral. And indeed this is what you did, which I was happy to find out about.

 * Now, if he had felt my summary was biased, he could have easily made changes to what I had written

This is what I did -- removing text is also a way of changing it :-) Since the problem I perceived was that none of the text you added was backed up by references/specific attributions of opinions, I felt that none of it was justified to be included in the form it was written.

Peace,

Fredrik | talk 21:49, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Fredrik,

 * I will articulate more on this matter later. Anyway, I have a tendency not to like when (excluding cases of vandalism) people do complete reversions of an article. No one likes to have five or ten or sixty minutes of her time erased, and it's possible that some very good contributions can be lost just because some people disagree with another user.

 * Of course, I don't have a problem with people making grammatical changes to others' work, bold edits, and POV work. I think all of our contributions end up needing POV work at some point. The problem is that, when people simply revert non-vandalistic changes, often it results in a did-not/did-too game because both sides just keep reverting. The three-revert rule doesn't really help; it just delays the problem.

 * So, I'm extremely hesitant to revert another person's entire edit, unless it was vandalism or patent nonsense. Everyone has something of worth to add to this thing, right?

 * Regards,

 * EventHorizon 04:54, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. Fredrik | talk 20:02, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Onion
Hi, EventHorizon--I'm afraid I can't be of much use to you in providing a point-of-contact. But if you have general questions about the comedy-writing biz, feel free to e-mail me at yankeefog at yankeefog dot com. (You can also respond via my user talk page, but I'm (marginally) better at responding to e-mail than at responding via wiki-edits.) --Jacobw 15:42, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Relationship to Jerzy
[The following two 'graphs including sig have been copied from User talk:Jerzy to their logical place in this sequence, by Jerzy(t) 00:47, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC):]
 * I liked your work on the Sophocles article.

 * A question, as it's been a long time since I've written to Wikipedia: when you come upon something that's not exactly clear, how do you deal with it in editing? For example, you read something and have no idea what the person meant to say. Do you leave it as it is, or remove it as incoherent? A few bits I was working on last night, I had no idea what the people meant. EventHorizon 04:48, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

EH, thanks for the compliment and welcome back to WP. It is with some sadness that i respond to your request at User talk:Jerzy by suggesting that you seek such advice from another of the many, many experienced WP editors. That request may well be sincere, and to the extent it is, it deserves a response from someone who can wholeheartedly respond to it without the excessive attention that i would simultaneously be giving to a suspicion that you are already connected to the affair currently under discussion at Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/Talk:Ambition (card game).
 * If you are, my assessment is that my energy would produce nothing i value;
 * If you are not, the assistance you could get from me would be compromised (at the very least in the form of inefficiency) by my (in that case mistaken) concerns about that possible connection.

So i limit myself to this smidge of advice: if you really have a history with WP, resume the use of your previous username. (You can get a replacement password if you've lost it.) I am hard-pressed (unless you intend disruption) to imagine a history that would be as damaging to your credibility in pursuing the program your user page states, as will your claim to have a history that you choose to conceal here. Collegially, Jerzy(t) 01:39, 2004 Dec 6 (UTC)

 * What is this Ambition card game story? I can't make sense out of that deletion debate. Who is 259/Mike Church?

 * I haven't used my old account since the summer of 2003, and I'd rather start anew. It's true that I'll be losing what administrative privileges I had, as well as the influence and weight that comes with ~2000 edits, but I'm willing to start fresh and new as a beginner. If people don't treat me with respect as a "dark horse", they won't if I reveal my 2000 edits of history. So far I haven't had any problems. EventHorizon 05:03, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

[The following two 'graphs including sig have been copied from User talk:Jerzy to their logical place in this sequence, by Jerzy(t) 00:47, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC):]
 * You wrote on my talk page something about the "Ambition controversy". As I said when I replied, I'm not connected to that issue, and I don't really understand what the deal is. It seems bizarre that a card game would be so divisive.

 * I am curious, because this episode seems to be one that's important in the community, and it happened while I was on hiatus from Wikipedia. Furthermore, all the back history is so opaque that it's impossible for me to get a coherent feel of what's going on. To benefit my curiosity, what is this "Ambition" issue? When did it start and why are there so many strong opinions? EventHorizon 03:00, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I Stand Here in Amazement

 * The entire former contents of this sub-section may be found, in context, at User talk:EventHorizon/Archive 1; they involved personal attacks, and the issues involved seem resolved at this point. --Jerzy(t) 07:04, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)

Spin-off Discussion re Ambition

 * (Not Jerzy, but I'll interject.)

 * You asked: Who is 259/Mike Church? That's part of the problem-- no one knows. It has been proposed, variously, on and off Wikipedia, that:

 * Mike Church does not exist. (Proven false: A Mike Church does exist, and he's a student at Carleton.)
 * User:Mike Church is not said Mike Church, but an impersonator and a troll.
 * Mike Church = 259.
 * Mike Church = UninvitedCompany (a user who, on the surface, seems to have opposed MC.)
 * "259" is a 31-year-old political speechwriter in the Chicago area intending to hire MC into his consulting firm and wanting to clear his reputation. (Unlikely, only because Wikipedia didn't damage MC's reputation anywhere but Wikipedia, where he is basically persona non grata. Elsewhere he remains unknown.)
 * Mike Church is Jimbo Wales's sock-puppet account. (Highly unlikely; it's not known if Jimbo even has a sock-puppet account, and there's little reason to see why he would do this.)
 * This "Ambition" is an adaptation of a game played by pirates in the 19th century that this MC hopes to market at his own. (Very unlikely.)

 * In other words, there are a number of crackpot theories out there, none of which are very likely. I'd say it's reasonable to guess that 259 and the other supposed MC socks are not him, only because, if they were, Mike would have to be a lot more clever than he seems. What I read of Mike is a young, arrogant, hothead not capable of that sort of subtlety, and not capable of writing prose at the same level that his supposed "socks" are able to command.

 * What is known is that some "Mike Church", with a Carleton email address, exists and claims to have invented Ambition. So far, no one has challenged that claim. Several accounts, used solely for the vandalism of one of User:Isomorphic's subpage, appear to be unequivocal MC socks. However, other accounts were accused of being MC sock puppets, left Wikipedia, and were later proven (by state/country-of-origin verifications, etc.) not to be MC socks.

 * My belief, and I consider myself neither pro- or anti-Church, is that Mike Church should come clean about his activity, on his user page, and put all the suspicion to rest. In exchange, WP community would offer to erase all the back material on Talk:Ambition (card game) and Talk:Carleton College. Then there would be no more suspicion and the issue would be singularly uninteresting to everyone. However, I highly doubt that any such compromise would ever come to term; it means corralling a number of humongous egos, including that of a person who stormed off Wikipedia in disgust.

 * I'm signing anonymously, out of a desire not to get into this mess, but if you want to know who I am (so I can verify that I'm not partisan in this debate) we can chat. Did you say you left in 2003? I've got a guess at who you are/were.

 * Regards,

 * 152.163.100.133 05:32, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * There have been plenty of assertions by anonymous IPS or pseudonomous newbies, of non-sockpuppethood relating to Church and/or 259. Many reliable users -- i mean those with substantial, positive, and (need i say?) verifiable track records at WP -- nevertheless find the accusations compelling.  I am unaware of any WPian with such a record who believes there is any of the charges can be disproven.  (This suggests that any claim of proof that such an accusation is false, in the absence of reference to an endorsement of the claim by a reliable user, is no more helpful than any instance of the Big Lie. )
 * In this case, the assertion that IDing the country an IP is allocated to can (combined with knowledge of a person's whereabouts) suffice to disprove a sockpuppet claim is false. And anyone who understands what a proxy server is would find that obvious; anyone of normal intelligence who's even heard of anonymous-remailer sites should be able to re-invent proxy servers in their head while adding long columns of numbers.
 * --Jerzy(t) 00:47, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC)

 * Two former paragraphs of this sub-section may be found, in context, at User talk:EventHorizon/Archive 1; they involved personal attacks, and the issues involved seem resolved at this point. --Jerzy(t) 07:04, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)

 * It sounds like no one knows anything, then. That's not a big surprise.

 * Are you looking for me to chime in on this matter with my opinion?

 * I'm not ready to do so yet; it seems that this is a very complex issue with a lot of back history and negative energy. But let me get the story straight: this guy got into a fight over a card game? EventHorizon 17:56, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Explanation
The card game isn't half of it, really. Mike Church is basically someone who refused to get along with Wikipedia, and Wikipedia refused to get along with him. Most of the history is actually in Ambition (card game), which has been deleted, but some of it can still be found.

He (or someone else) started a page on his card game, Ambition, about a year ago. He made a lot of edits to the page anonymously, but all from the same IP range (167.22, I think) so it was obvious who was making them. He claimed that he didn't realize this would be ill-received; I tend to believe him.

His assets were strong writing skills, a willingness to be constructive with other people (as long as they didn't attack his card game), an adeptness at rewriting/cleanuping bad articles, and creativity in terms of writing useful articles most other people would've have thought to create. His flaws were that he was somewhat of a leftist POV pusher, and he tended to write articles on "trash" topics (in the quiz bowl sense of the word, e.g. pop-cult trivia) of borderline inclusibility, including (deleted) articles on crude memes from late-night comedy shows. Still, he mostly got along with Wikipedia over everything but his card game.

Mike actually wrote the article before Ambition became famous, and tried to link to it whereever he could. Most of his links were appropriate, but occasionally he pushed the envelope too far. He once wrote an article on an "Ambition trolling phenomenon" that he probably started, and that wasn't notable by any standard. It was apparently an effort to make a second-degree link between Internet troll and the page on his card game. This kind of behavior would lead to a backlash from the community in which legitimate links to Ambition (card game) were removed.

He was nominated for adminship by another user and summarily rejected. He left Wikipedia shortly after in disgust, nominating Ambition (card game) for deletion (for the second time). It survived.

The big issue now with Mike is that he may be editing pseudonymously (as might anyone) and there's no trust. A major part of this is that 90% of people who comment on the matter, from either side, do so anonymously-- those who post "pro-Church" fear harrassment from the community, those who post "anti-Church" fear harrassment from Mike. (I consider myself neither and am hedging my bets on both sides.) Both sides have accused the other of sock puppetry, and both sides have probably used it. User:Isomorphic wrote a damning subpage about Mike, who proved him right by transparent sock vandalism. Most of the people originally listed on that page were not MC socks, but the fact that Mike went and vandalized the page suggests there was something to hide. My guess is that User:38 and User:MathyGuy23 were the "true" sock puppets, as well as the transparent vandals against User:Isomorphic's page. The rest of that page is pretty much crack theory, though, and most of Wikipedia has accepted that.

User:259 plays the role of Mike's representative. All I know about "259" is that he's an older friend of Mike's who is very secretive about his offline identity, but is definitively not Mike.

The "Church issue" is extremely divisive: depending on whom you ask he's either a Randian hero or a devious shyster who used Wikipedia to manufacture his own fame. My opinion? He's neither: he's a decent guy who made some mistakes in an unforgiving Wikipedia. My advice is that you not comment on the matter until you've thoroughly researched it, and accept that you'll probably end up taking some flak on one side or the other. If you criticize Mike, expect to have your page (ineffectively) nominated for deletion; if you support him, anticipate having your identity questioned. 172.161.36.242 05:46, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

User:EventHorizon's response
Oh, I have an opinion. I don't know everything about this issue, but I know enough.

Keep in mind that I have no personal association with Mike Church, I've never played Ambition, and I really don't care on a personal level about him or his game, not at all. However, I do care about what the Mike Church debacle says about Wikipedia.

He's evidently, yes, a guy who "made some mistakes in an unforigiving Wikipedia." The matters at Talk:Ambition (card game) and other pages should be deleted. Why? Because they're now irrelevant to Ambition itself, and relevant only to the controversy they prolong by existing in the first place. If anybody wants to write an Ambition page, Wikipedia can confront the matter as it comes with a clean slate. It's obvious that most of the accusations about Mike Church aren't true; if some are, so what? I'm not saying Mike should be nominated for bureaucrat status; I'm saying that he has the right, if the "Ambition issue" re-emerges, for it to be discussed with a clean slate.

I do think that an Ambition article is probably worth including, but I wouldn't be qualified to write one, and I don't know who would be. Certainly Mike should stay away from it. If no third party steps forward to write the article, Wikipedia can go without it. EventHorizon 06:56, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

All in Summation
First off, User:Jerzy might claim that my motives were in relation to this "Mike Church" character and the card game, Ambition. He can say that. The record shows, however, that Mr. Jerzy was the first person ever to bring up Ambition. I didn't even know Ambition existed, and I still don't know who this Mike Church is.

I care about intellectual and social justice on Wikipedia. When I see or sense something wrong, I speak out about it. If this is going to make me a problem user in your eyes, Mr. Jerzy, well that's just a sacrifice I'll have to make. Oh well. EventHorizon 03:40, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Personal Attacks

 * The entire former contents of this sub-section may be found, in context, at User talk:EventHorizon/Archive 1; they involved detailed discussion of personal attacks, and the issues involved seem resolved at this point. --Jerzy(t) 07:04, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)

Thanks
Hi Mike. Nice clarification work on Auction. Isomorphic 21:05, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Who is Mike? EventHorizon 01:59, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

It's Over, Poor Fool
EventHorizon, you may as well stop editing now. You're probably not Mike (as in Church) but you're dead here.

On matters of content, Wikipedia may be liberal, but on matters of its own conduct, Wikipedia practices censorship comparable to the Nazis. Wikipedians censor all criticism of their practices or conduct. The ultimate irony is that if the Wikipedia leadership controlled a physical country rather than some squalid, doomed backwater project, they'd ban the Internet.

The Unbreakable Principle of Wikipedia: Do not challenge the orthodoxy. You have done so several times. By commenting even briefly on official policies, you've made more enemies than you could ever know. Then, you breached the topic of Ambition, and got yourself| Churched (a lot of us want to speak out on the matter, just like you did, as well but we know we'd be throwing away 1500+ edits of work). Isn't it great how a few users have the power to discredit anyone they want? The opposition, on any matter, can always be accused of being only one person.

You'll never change the system. Save yourself the time. Why maintain the Library of Alexandria when the barbarians already run the fucker? 152.163.100.133 02:25, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Response
I'm not a "poor fool". Really, what are any of these users going to do? Disagree with me? I disagree with them. Accuse me of being someone else? Please. I could do the same thing but it's ultimately transparent. No one buys that tactic anyway. EventHorizon 03:40, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:EventHorizon/archive2


text:
Savoia-Marchetti S.55

The Savoia-Marchetti S.55 was a double-hulled monoplane flying boat designed and produced by the Italian aircraft manufacturer Savoia-Marchetti. It was designed to perform both commercial and military applications.

The S.55 featured numerous innovative design features. While the passengers and cargo were housed within the twin hulls, the flight crew controlled the aircraft from a cockpit located in the thicker section of the wing between the two hulls. The S.55 had two inline contra-rotating propellers, mounted in tandem. The engines were canted sharply at an upward angle. Two wire-braced booms connected the triple-finned tail structure to the twin hulls and wing.

During August 1924, the S.55 performed its maiden flight. Shortly after its introduction, the S.55 set multiple records for speed, payload, altitude and range. Numerous flying boats saw service with the Regia Aeronautica and export operators such as the Spanish Air Force and the Royal Romanian Naval Aviation as reconnaissance bombers and maritime patrol aircraft. While some examples were active by the outbreak of the Second World War, the type only played a marginal role in the conflict due to their age.

Design and development
The Savoia-Marchetti S.55 was a double-hulled thick-section cantilever monoplane flying boat that was designed to perform both civilian and military operations, dependent upon equipment fitout. In general terms, its design was largely original and possessed numerous features that increased its practicality as a platform for naval military tasks such as minelaying and torpedo attacks. Various aspects of the flying boat eased aspects of its operation; it was relatively easy to dismantle for ground transport; the wings comprised three detachable sections while each of the hulls could be entirely detached from the centre section along with the tail unit. The engines could be readily inspected at all times, even during flight.

The twin hulls of the flying boat were spaced roughly 13 feet apart, ran for just over half of the total length of the flying boat, and had a single-step V-shaped bottom. They were constructed in a manner that permitted the internal space to be configured into a series of cabins, accommodating a maximum of 12 passengers, if so required. The flying boat's cockpit was positioned in the centre section of the leading edge, between the two hulls; a passageway permitted personnel movements between the cockpit and the cabin space. On militarised flying boats, the stern of each hull would accommodate a tail gunner from which a relatively favourable range of fire could be obtained. Underneath the middle of the flying boat's centre section was an intentionally clear space of roughly eight foot; this space was suitable for the mounting of either torpedoes or mine-laying apparatus.

The cuter wing sections had a pronounced dihedral and sharply tapered from root to tip. The leading edge swept back about 15 degrees while the trailing edge was only slightly inclined. The wing was furnished with balanced ailerons that had an inclined axis. The tail surfaces were carried by two pairs of V-shaped outriggers; the top beam of each outrigger was attached to the upper surface of the centre section, near the rear main spar, while the lower beam was attached to the sternpost of the hull. They were cross-braced and each had a vertical strut at its forward and rear ends. Mounted on top of the rectangular horizontal stabilizing surface were three triangular vertical fins, the trailing edges of which were outfitted with hinged balanced rudders.

It was powered by a pair of Isotta Fraschini Asso 500 V-12 piston engines, each capable of providing up to 400 hp. These engines were arranged in tandem within a streamlined nacelle that was mounted high above the centre section of the aircraft, supported by a series of struts. The forward engine drove a tractor propeller while the rear engine had a pusher propeller. Cooling of both engines was achieved via a single radiator that was mounted in the nose of the nacelle. The engine nacelle was inclined, placing the line of thrust from the engines at roughly eight degrees off from the horizontal, this exerting a constant but slight upwards push throughout flight. A key reason for this arrangement was to direct the generated slipstream on to the tail surfaces. Level flight could be maintained with only the one operational engine.

Operational history
During August 1924, the S.55P prototype conducted its maiden flight. Throughout 1926, this same prototype set 14 separate world records for speed, altitude and distance with a payload. The type's greatest successes, however, were its many flights between Europe and the Americas.

The First aerial crossing of the South Atlantic had been made in stages in 1922 using three different Fairey III machines, and a subsequent crossing was made by the Dornier Do J Plus Ultra in January 1926 with a single stop at the Cape Verde Islands. One year later, the first S.55 crossing was made by the Santa Maria under Francesco de Pinedo. After flying south to Bolama, at that time in Portuguese Guinea, they hoped to cross the ocean without another stop but were forced down at Cape Verde, reaching Brazil on 23 February 1927. After the crossing, the aircraft was traded to Brazil for coffee beans.

The Brazilian João Ribeiro de Barros and his crew of three made another crossing in S.55 "Jahú" on 24 April 1927. Departing from Santiago Island, he crossed the Atlantic in "Jahú" and landed at Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil.

Pilots Francesco de Pinedo and Carlo del Prete took off from Sesto Calende, Italy, in an S-55 on 13 February 1927. Four months later, on 16 June 1927, they arrived back in Italy, having flown nearly 48,280 km in 193 flying hours and having made just over 50 stops, including Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires and New York City.

On 20 June 1928, S.55 I-SAAT Santa Maria, piloted by Ten. Col. Umberto Maddalena of the Italian air force, located survivors of Arctic explorer Umberto Nobile's crashed airship Italia on an ice floe about 120 km (75 mi) northeast of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard.

The Italian Air Marshal of the time, Italo Balbo, became famous for organizing a squadron of S.55s for Atlantic crossings, culminating in his 1933 flight with 24 aircraft to Chicago's Century of Progress International Exposition. On 1 July 1933, General Balbo commanded a flight of S-55s from Orbetello, Italy, completing the flight in just over 48 hours, maintaining a tight "V" formation. These large fleets of aircraft were sometimes called a "Balbo".

Numerous aircraft were introduced by the Regia Aeronautica and served as a long-range bomber and patrol aircraft. By the Second World War, the service's S.55 fleet was no longer considered to be serviceable and the type was only ever held in reserve.

Variants

 * S.55
 * Prototypes and original production model delivered from 1927 to 1930, 90 built, including two prototypes.

 * S.55C
 * Civil variant delivered from 1925 to 1926, eight built.

 * S.55P
 * Improved civil variant with enlarged hull for ten passengers and enclosed cockpits delivered from 1928 to 1932, 23 built.

 * S.55A
 * Military variant delivered with 418 kW (560 hp) Fiat A.22R engines, 16 built.

 * S.55M
 * Variant with some wood structures replaced by metal, seven built by Piaggio in 1930.

 * S.55 Scafo Allargato
 * Widened and deepened hull and enclosed cockpits, 16 built by Savoia-Marchetti and 16 built by CANT.

 * S.55 Scafo Allargatissimo
 * Variant with greatly enlarged hull, 20 built by Savoia-Marchetti, 16 built by Macchi and six built by CANT.

 * S.55X
 * Variant fitted with Isotta Fraschini Asso 750 engines for North Atlantic formation flights, later armed and used as a reconnaissance-bomber. 25 built.

Civil operators

 * Kingdom of Italy
 * Aero Espresso Italiana
 * Società Aerea Mediterranea

 * Aeroflot
 * Aeroflot

 * Aero Transport Company d.b.a. AirVia.
 * Marine Air Transport Co.
 * Alaska Airways
 * Alaska Airways

Military operators

 * Kingdom of Italy
 * Regia Aeronautica
 * Brazilian Navy (eight flying boats)
 * 🇪🇸 Spain (1937)
 * Spanish Air Force
 * 🇷🇴 Romania
 * Royal Romanian Naval Aviation (seven flying boats)
 * Royal Romanian Naval Aviation (seven flying boats)

Surviving aircraft
The last remaining example is preserved in Brazil, at the TAM "Asas de um sonho" museum, at São Carlos, São Paulo. The aircraft, registered I-BAUQ and named "Jahú", was the S.55 used by Commander João Ribeiro de Barros in his crossing of the South Atlantic in 1927.

title: Savoia-Marchetti S.55


text:
User talk:Irbatic

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 21:51, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Advanced Theory
An article that you have been involved in editing, Advanced Theory, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/. Thank you. TheRingess (talk) 02:51, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Irbatic


text:
User talk:Scruss

This is not the best way to reach me.

Additional content here will likely be ignored. 🠇🠇🠇 Especially automated messages like these 🠇🠇🠇

title: User talk:Scruss


text:
HMS Amberley Castle (K386)

HMS Amberley Castle was a Castle-class corvette of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. She was named after Amberley Castle near Arundel in West Sussex.

Construction
Laid down at S.P. Austin & Son Ltd. shipyard in Sunderland on 31 May 1943 she was launched on 27 November 1943 and commissioned on 24 November 1944.

World War II
She served as a convoy escort until the end of the war (escorting 15 convoys in 1945 ) when she was put into reserve at Portsmouth until 1952.

Weather ship
She was in reserve at Penarth from 1953 until 1957 when she was converted to a weather ship at Blyth in Northumberland and renamed to Weather Advisor in a ceremony on 22 September 1960 at the James Watt Dock, Greenock by Lady Sutton, wife of Sir Graham Sutton, the then director-general of the Met Office. She replaced the ship known as Weather Observer, which had carried out the role since 1947.

She served in this role from 28 September 1960 onwards until she was again extensively updated in July 1976 at Manchester dry docks, and renamed Admiral Fitzroy after the British vice-admiral Robert FitzRoy, the first director of the forerunner to the British Meteorological Office.

Fate
The ship was finally scrapped at Troon in 1982.

title: HMS Amberley Castle (K386)


text:
Irvine Laidlaw, Baron Laidlaw

Irvine Alan Stewart Laidlaw, Baron Laidlaw (born 22 December 1942 in Keith, Banffshire, Scotland) is a Scottish businessman, and a former member of the House of Lords. In the Sunday Times Rich List 2012 ranking of the wealthiest people in the UK he was placed 105th with an estimated fortune of £745 million. In the 2020 edition, he was ranked the 180th wealthiest person in the UK, with an estimated net worth of £787 million, a decrease of £4 million from the previous year.

Biography
The son of Margaret and Roy Laidlaw, a Banffshire mill-owner, Laidlaw was educated at Merchiston Castle School, Leeds University and New York City's Columbia Business School.

After graduation, Laidlaw turned a small US publishing company bought in 1973 into the Institute for International Research (IIR), the world's largest conference organiser. After calling off a £500m flotation in 2001 when the market plunged, he sold IIR in 2005 for a sum believed to be in the order of £768m.

In 1988 Laidlaw founded Abbey Business Centres, a subsidiary of IIR providing serviced office space, meeting room facilities and virtual office packages in 13 business centres in Great Britain. The first business centre opened in Glasgow, and soon the company opened up another centre in Slough, Berkshire. Other centres were added, and in 2009 a total of 13 centres made up the organisation.

In 2015, the University of Leeds launched an official opening for the £26 million Laidlaw Library, named after Irvine Laidlaw, who had previously studied economics at the University in the 1960s. His £9 million donation is the largest the university has received from any donor. Laidlaw part owns a $2.1 billion wind-farm project, and earlier this year secured the largest clean-energy financing in 2015 from eight lenders, which included Deutsche Bank AG.

Laidlaw previously owned and raced a Jaguar, which won Le Mans a number of times throughout the 1950s, along with a number of other vintage cars, including a 1962 Ferrari GTO. in 2013, Irvine Laidlaw stopped racing. He recently sold a collection of classic sports cars to raise £17 million.

Philanthropy
In 2004, Laidlaw said that he would over the next 20–30 years donate most of his fortune to helping disadvantaged young people. His main vehicle used to be the Laidlaw Youth Project, which supported a range of charitable work for disadvantaged youngsters in Scotland from 2004 to 2007 when it became the Laidlaw Youth Trust (no longer operational). Currently, he is Chairman of the Irvine Laidlaw Foundation, simply known as the Laidlaw Foundation, which he set up to aid the advancement of education, especially the education of deprived young people, in particular by means of grants and other forms of financial assistance to institutions which are engaged in the provision of educational services in any part of the world. The Foundation's activity consists of three core programmes:

 * The Laidlaw Undergraduate Research and Leadership Scholarship Programme - as of 2023, the scholarship programme operates in 19 universities around the world, including Barnard College, Columbia University, EPFL, Imperial College London, London School of Economics, University of Cambridge, and University of Oxford. Every year, the programme funds cohorts of around 25 students at every institution for two summers to complete a research project with an academic supervisor, and undergo training to develop their leadership skills.

 * The Laidlaw Women's Business Education Programme - full and partial scholarships are awarded to women with financial constraints to complete MBAs in order to help them get into senior roles and ultimately achieve gender parity in industries around the world. The programme currently operates in Columbia Business School, London Business School, and in March 2020 it was also announced that Saïd Business School will join as well. In 2023, it was announced that HEC Paris would join the programme, and in 2024, IE Madrid will be joining. So far, Laidlaw donated $2 million to Columbia Business School, £3.69m to London Business School, and £1.35m to Saïd Business School as part of this scholarship programme.

 * The Laidlaw Schools Trust - a multi-academy trust founded in 2008, which currently consists of 11 academies in the North East of England with 5500+ students and 850+ staff in total: Excelsior Academy, Academy 360, Atkinson Road Primary Academy, South Hylton Primary Academy, Thomas Walling Primary Academy, Westgate Hill Primary Academy, and Sedgefield Community College.

He has also donated:

 * £2 million to The Prince's Trust
 * After Moray Council earmarked Rothiemay Primary School for closure, Laidlaw donated funds to a parents campaign which successfully kept 21 schools open
 * Donated R9 million to fund the Amakhaya Ngoku housing project
 * Laidlaw scholarship at Newcastle University, in which he funds 50% of the funding along with the university.
 * Supporting the Glyndebourne Festival production.
 * Donating £100,000 to Scottish Opera
 * Private investor for Ben Ainslie Racing
 * Donor to the Rural Education Access Programme
 * £40,000 to Keith Grammar School, to fund a scheme to help senior pupils prepare for the world of work
 * £1 million to Merchiston Castle School his former school; despite having disliked attending it, he eventually relented to persuasion by the headmaster and donated this sum. The new sixth-form house at the school, which his donation went some way to financing is named Laidlaw House.
 * £9 million to the University of Leeds to support the development of the new undergraduate library, the Laidlaw Library, which opened in May 2015.
 * £4 million to the University of St Andrews to support the construction of a new music building, the Laidlaw Music Centre, which opened in April 2022.

In 2007, he set up the Laidlaw Youth Trust which from 2007 to 2009 spent over £6 million in Scotland on good causes related to disadvantaged children and young people. In 2007, in emerged that the Scottish Executive had given sufficient donations to pay the salary of the CEO Laidlaw Youth project, Maureen McGinn – who is also the wife of Scotland's most senior civil servant, Sir John Elvidge.

He closed the Trust in 2009 because he was spending more time in South Africa and said he wanted to focus his charitable giving there. It is not known how much he has gifted in his new adopted country but he was involved in some township housing project.

Laidlaw Opera Trust
In his ongoing commitment to arts and education, Lord Laidlaw founded the Laidlaw Opera Trust. The Trust aims to promote and sustain the art of opera. The Trust's key initiatives include market research on public perceptions of opera, hosting thought leadership events such as "The Business of Opera," and providing support to major opera houses and festivals.

Chair: Lord Irvine Laidlaw Trustees include Anne Marabini Young, Bryan Evans MBE, The Rt. Hon. Sir Charles Haddon-Cave, and Lady Amanda Haddon-Cave.

Political donations
One of the largest financial backers of the UK's Conservative Party, Laidlaw was made a life peer as Baron Laidlaw, of Rothiemay in Banffshire on 14 June 2004. According to the records of the UK Electoral Commission, on 27 November 2007, Laidlaw gave a donation of £2,990,532.20 to the Conservatives. Laidlaw donated £25,000 to the 2008 London Mayoral election campaign of Boris Johnson.

Tax status
In 2008, Lord Laidlaw was described by The Guardian as a "Monaco-based tax exile".

Lord Laidlaw was criticised in April 2007 in the press for failing to become UK tax resident despite being appointed to the House of Lords. The BBC said that, in a letter seen by them, Laidlaw "cites a variety of personal reasons" for non-compliance. Criticism by Dennis Stevenson, Baron Stevenson of Coddenham, chair of the House of Lords Appointments Commission, on assurances given to the Commission by Laidlaw to become a UK tax resident by April 2004, were followed by Laidlaw taking leave of absence from the House of Lords. In 2010 following the enactment of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 he stepped down from his seat in the House of Lords to maintain his non-domiciled status and so be able to avoid paying UK residents' taxes.

General
Laidlaw and his wife Christine divide their time between an apartment in Monaco overlooking the harbour; and their South African home, an early 20th-century 23,200 m2 estate in Noordhoek, near Cape Town. At the time of the purchase, in November 2005, it was the country's most expensive property, bought for R106 million.

Sex life allegations
In April 2008, Laidlaw was the target of a sting operation staged by investigative journalist Mazher Mahmood on behalf of the British tabloid The News of the World, which revealed that Laidlaw hired up to five £3,000 vice girls at a time for all-night orgies involving spanking, bondage and lesbian sex at a Monaco hotel.

Motor Racing
Laidlaw regularly competes in historic car racing around the world with his Porsche 904GTS, Porsche 904/6, Maserati 250S & Maserati 6CM. Laidlaw also won a medal in the Scottish amateur rally, using a Ford Focus ST. In 2007 Laidlaw added a 1001 hp Bugatti Veyron to his extensive car collection, which is sometimes seen between Noordhoek and Cape Town, on the world-famous coastal road Chapman's Peak Drive.

Motor Yachts
Laidlaw has owned various luxury motor yachts with the most highprofile being Fedship built motor yacht, the Lady Christine, in 2003.

Sailboat
Laidlaw has been active within the yacht racing for most of his working life. He has won high-profile events including Key West Regatta and the Round the Island Race. Highly active on the maxi racing scene, he is a member of the Royal Thames Yacht Club. Laidlaw conceptualized the Cape 31 class. Some of his yachts are as follows:

title: Irvine Laidlaw, Baron Laidlaw


text:
ARROW waveguide

In optics, an ARROW (anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide) is a type of waveguide that uses the principle of thin-film interference to guide light with low loss. It is formed from an anti-resonant Fabry–Pérot reflector. The optical mode is leaky, but relatively low-loss propagation can be achieved by making the Fabry–Pérot reflector of sufficiently high quality or small size.

Principles of Operation

ARROW relies on the principle of thin-film interference. It is created by forming a Fabry-Perot cavity in the transverse direction, with cladding layers that function as Fabry-Perot etalons. A Fabry-Perot etalon is in resonance when the light in the layer constructively interferes with itself, resulting in high transmission. Anti-resonance occurs when the light in the layer destructively interferes with itself, resulting in no transmission through the etalon.

The refractive indexes of the guiding core (nc) and the cladding layers (nj, ni) are important and are carefully chosen. In order to make anti-resonance happen, nc needs to smaller than nj. In a typical system of a solid core ARROW, as shown in the figure, the waveguide consists of a low refractive index guiding core bounded on the upper surface by air and on the lower surface by higher refractive index antiresonant reflecting cladding layers. The confinement of light on the upper surface of the guiding core is provided by the total internal reflection with air, while the confinement on the lower surface is provided by interference created by the antiresonant cladding layers.

The thickness of the antiresonant cladding layer (tj) of an ARROW also needs to be carefully chosen in order to achieve anti-resonance. It can be calculated by the following formula:

$$t_j={\lambda \over 4n_j}(2N-1)[1-{n_c^2 \over n_j^2}+{\lambda^2 \over 4n_j^2t_c^2}]^{-1/2}, N = 1, 2, 3,...$$
 * $$t_j$$ = thickness of the antiresonant cladding layer
 * $$t_c$$= thickness of the guiding core layer
 * $$\lambda$$ = wavelength
 * $$n_j$$ = refractive index of antiresonant cladding layer
 * $$n_c$$ = refractive index of  guiding core layer

while $$n_j > n_c > n_{air}$$

Considerations
ARROWs can be realized as cylindrical waveguides (2D confinement) or slab waveguides (1D confinement). The latter ARROWs are practically formed by a low index layer, embedded between higher index layers. Note that the refractive indices of these ARROWs are reversed, when comparing to usual waveguides. Light is confined by total internal reflection (TIR) on the inside of the higher index layers, but achieves a lot of modal overlap with the lower index central volume.

This strong overlap can be made plausible in a simplified picture imagining "rays", as in geometrical optics. Such rays are refracted into a very shallow angle, when entering the low index inner layer. Thus, one can use the metaphor that these rays "stay very long inside" the low index inner layer. Note this is just a metaphor and the explanatory power of ray optics is very limited for the micrometer scales, at which these ARROWs are typically made.

Applications
ARROW are often used for guiding light in liquids, particularly in photonic lab-on-a-chip analytical systems (PhLoCs). Conventional waveguides rely on the principle of total internal reflection, which can only occur if the refractive index of the guiding core material is greater than the refractive indexes of its surroundings. However, the materials used to make the guiding core are typically polymer and silicon-based materials, which have higher refractive indexes (n=1.4-3.5) than that of water (n = 1.33). As a result, a conventional hollow-core waveguide no longer works once it's filled with water solution, making the PhLoCs useless. An ARROW, on the other hand, can be liquid-filled since it confines light completely by interference, which requires that the refractive index of the guiding core to be lower than the refractive index of the surrounding materials. Thus, ARROWs become the ideal building blocks for PhLoCs.

Though ARROWs carry big advantage over conventional waveguide for building PhLoCs, they are not perfect. The main problem of ARROW is its undesirable light loss. Light loss of ARROWs decreases the signal to noise ratio of the PhLoCs. Different versions of ARROWs have been designed and tested in order to overcome this problem.

title: ARROW waveguide


text:
User talk:Ultravoices

There isn't much to see here.

title: User talk:Ultravoices


text:
NSPR

NSPR:

 * Netscape Portable Runtime, abstraction library for Mozilla-like web-browsers
 * North State Public Radio, California State University, Chico radio broadcaster, in Northern California

title: NSPR


text:
Squirrel monkey

Squirrel monkeys are New World monkeys of the genus Saimiri. Saimiri is the only genus in the subfamily Saimirinae. The name of the genus is of Tupi origin (sai-mirím or çai-mbirín, with sai meaning 'monkey' and mirím meaning 'small') and was also used as an English name by early researchers.

Squirrel monkeys live in the tropical forests of Central and South America in the canopy layer. Most species have parapatric or allopatric ranges in the Amazon, while S. oerstedii is found disjunctly in Costa Rica and Panama.

There are two main groups of squirrel monkeys recognized. They are differentiated based on the shape of the white coloration above the eyes. In total there are five recognized species. Squirrel monkeys have short and close fur colored black at the shoulders, yellow or orange fur along the back and extremities, and white on the face.

Squirrel monkeys have determined breeding seasons which involve large fluctuations in hormones and there is evidence of sexual dimorphism between males and females.

Squirrel monkeys can only sweat through the palms of their hands and feet. This can have the effect of making their hands and feet feel damp to the touch. Squirrel monkeys must make use of other thermoregulation techniques such as behavioral changes and urine washing. These monkeys live in habitats of high temperatures and high humidity, making it essential for them to maintain proper osmoregulation if conditions pass certain thresholds. Color vision studies have also been performed on squirrel monkeys for the purpose of better understanding vision ailments in humans.

The common squirrel monkey is commonly captured for the pet trade and for medical research, but it is not threatened. Two squirrel monkey species are endangered: the Central American squirrel monkey and the black squirrel monkey are listed as vulnerable by the IUCN.

Taxonomy
Until 1984, all South American squirrel monkeys were considered part of a single widespread species, and many zoologists considered the Central American squirrel monkey to be a member of that single species as well. The two main groups currently recognized can be separated by the white above the eyes; it is shaped as a Gothic ("pointed") arch in the S. sciureus group, while it is shaped as a Roman ("rounded") arch in the S. boliviensis group. Mammal Species of the World (2005) recognized five species.

Subsequent taxonomic research has recognized Saimiri sciureus cassiquiarensis as a separate species Saimiri cassiquiarensis, and also recognized an additional species, Collins' squirrel monkey Saimiri collinsi that had previously been considered to be within S. sciureus. Some more recent taxonomies also recognize Saimiri sciureus macrodon as a separate species Saimiri macrodon, but others recognize S. macrodon to be a synonym of Saimiri cassiquiarensis.

 * Genus Saimiri
 * S. sciureus group
 * Central American squirrel monkey, Saimiri oerstedii
 * Black-crowned Central American squirrel monkey, Saimiri oerstedii oerstedii
 * Grey-crowned Central American squirrel monkey, Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus
 * Guianan squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus
 * Saimiri sciureus sciureus
 * Saimiri sciureus albigena
 * Ecuadorian squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus macrodon
 * Humboldt's squirrel monkey, Saimiri cassiquiarensis
 * Bare-eared squirrel monkey, Saimiri ustus
 * Collins' squirrel monkey, Saimiri collinsi
 * S. boliviensis group
 * Black-capped squirrel monkey, Saimiri boliviensis
 * Bolivian squirrel monkey, Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis
 * Peruvian squirrel monkey, Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis
 * Black squirrel monkey, Saimiri vanzolinii
 * Fossil species
 * †Saimiri annectens, Honda Group, Kay and Meldrum 1997
 * †Saimiri fieldsi, Honda Group, Stirton 1951

Evolution
The crown group of the extant squirrel monkeys appears to have diverged around 1.5 million years ago. Diversification of squirrel monkey species appears to have occurred during the Pleistocene Epoch, likely due to climatic changes associated with interglacial periods in South America at the time. The origin of squirrel monkeys in Central America is unclear, but a possible hypothesis is human transport. More genetic work needs to be done on the subject to reveal a true answer. S. boliviensis appears to be the first diverging species in the group. S. oerstedii and S. s. sciureus, are sister species. S. s. macrodon is the sister species to the S. oerstedii / S. s. sciureus clade.

Description
A squirrel monkey's fur is short and close, coloured black at the shoulders and yellowish orange on its back and extremities. The upper parts of their heads are hairy. This black-and-white face gives them the name "death's head monkey" in several Germanic languages (e.g., German Totenkopfaffen, Swedish dödskalleapor, Dutch doodshoofdaapjes) and Slovenian (smrtoglavka).

Squirrel monkeys grow from 25 to 35 cm long, plus a 35 to 42 cm tail. Male squirrel monkeys weigh 750 to 1100 g. Females weigh 500 to 750 g. Both males and females are equipped with long and hairy tails, flat nails, and pointed claws.

Female squirrel monkeys have pseudo-penises, which they use to display dominance over smaller monkeys, in much the same way that the male squirrel monkeys display their dominance.

Behaviour, ecology, and physiology
Like most of their New World monkey relatives, squirrel monkeys are diurnal and arboreal. Unlike other New World monkeys, their tail is not used for climbing but as a kind of "balancing pole" and also as a tool. Their movements in the branches can be very rapid.

Squirrel monkeys live together in multi-male/multi-female groups with up to 500 members. These large groups, however, can occasionally break into smaller troupes. The groups have a number of vocal calls, including warning sounds to protect the group from large falcons, which are a natural threat. Their small body size also makes them susceptible to predators such as snakes and felids. For marking territory, squirrel monkeys rub their tail and their skin with their own urine.

Squirrel monkeys are omnivores, eating primarily fruits and insects. Occasionally, they also eat seeds, leaves, flowers, buds, nuts, and eggs.

Reproduction
Squirrel monkey mating is subject to seasonal influences. Squirrel monkeys reach sexual maturity at ages of 2–2.5 years for females and age 3.5–4 years for males. Females give birth to young during the rainy season, after a 150- to 170-day gestation. Only the mothers care for the young. Saimiri oerstedti are weaned by 4 months of age, while S. boliviensis are not fully weaned until 18 months old. Squirrel monkeys live to about 15 years old in the wild, and over 20 years in captivity. Menopause in females probably occurs in the mid-teens. Studies show that Saimiri collinsi time the weaning of their young with the period of time when there will be maximum fruit availability in the environment. This reduces the energetic struggles that newly weaned juveniles will face when transitioning from a milk diet where they are dependent on their mother for food to a more diverse diet where they have to forage for food. There is evidence that squirrel monkeys show sexual dimorphism during the breeding season. In the months leading up to breeding and in the months of breeding, sexually mature adult males have been recorded to increase in size by significant amounts relative to females. These size changes are caused by seasonal fluctuations in androgen hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal and gonadal axes. The fluctuations include increases in the concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in sexually mature males during the breeding season, peaking in January. Following the breeding season, these androgen concentrations drop. The evolutionary reasoning for these size changes in sexually mature males is suggested to be both intra-sexual selections among males and also female choice selection, as the larger males are more likely to be preferred by females and partake in more copulations. There is not clear evidence yet as to why females choose larger males, but a leading hypothesis is that the larger males are more likely to have better vigilance for their young.

Thermoregulation
Squirrel monkeys can only sweat through the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet. Sweating in these areas alone does not provide enough cooling for the monkeys to survive in the high temperature environments of South and Central America, requiring them to use other methods to thermoregulate. They will use behavioral tactics such as seeking out shaded areas sheltered from the sun and also make use of postural changes to better dissipate heat from their body. They will also make use of a technique to maximize evaporative cooling known as urine washing. The monkeys will urinate on their hands and rub the urine over the soles of their feet. The urine is then evaporated off the body in a cooling process. Studies have shown this behavior to be maximized during times of high temperature, highlighting its importance as a thermoregulatory behavior.

Osmoregulation
Squirrel monkeys are subject to both high temperatures and high humidity in their natural habitat. The humidity can range from 70% saturation in the 'dry' season up to 90% in the 'wet' season. Squirrel monkeys are able to tolerate up to 75% humidity with small adjustments in behavior and physiology that increase in significance as the humidity goes up. When reaching approximately 95% humidity, the monkeys have more drastic changes in osmoregulation in order to maintain homeostasis. As evaporative water loss decreases at these high levels of saturation, the monkeys will take in less water and create a more concentrated urine in order to maintain proper ion and water levels inside the body.

Cooperation Studies
Cooperation is largely evident in human primates. Squirrel monkeys do not often display cooperation in the wild, while many other nonhuman primates do. Studies have been done to suggest that female squirrel monkeys show disadvantageous inequity aversion as it pertains to food rewards. However, the same could not be said for male squirrel monkeys. More studies need to be done on squirrel monkey behavior to determine why squirrel monkeys rarely show cooperation, and whether disadvantageous inequity aversion is a relevant factor.

Colour vision
Colour vision in squirrel monkeys has been extensively studied as a stand-in for human ailments. In humans, two genes for colour vision are found on the X chromosome. Typically, one gene (OPN1LW) produces a pigment that is most sensitive to the 564 nm wavelength, while the other gene (OPN1MW) produces a pigment most sensitive to 534 nm. In squirrel monkeys, there is only one gene on the X chromosome but it exists in three varieties: one is most sensitive to 538 nm, one to 551 nm, and one to 561 nm. Since males have only one X chromosome, they are dichromatic, although with different sensitivities. Females have two X chromosomes, so some of them can have copies of two different alleles. The three alleles seem to be equally common, leading to one-third of females being dichromatic, while two-thirds are trichromatic. Recently, gene therapy has given the human OPN1LW gene to adult male squirrel monkeys, producing behaviour consistent with trichromatic colour vision.

title: Squirrel monkey


text:
Talk:Squirrel monkey

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 19 January 2021 and 30 April 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): CooperOfford. Peer reviewers: FungiFish2020, MichKayla S.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 10:05, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Death's head monkey
Since "Totenkopf" usually just means "skull" in German (though it's literal meaning is indeed dead person's head) wouldn't "skull monkey" be a betetter translation? If no one has a better idea I'll change this at some point soon. --Millard73 21:53, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

New picture
Can somebody get an image of a single monkey? That second set of eyes is really disconcerting, especially in the small picture. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Alph Tech STUART (talk • contribs) 14:53, 31 January 2007 (UTC).

pictures
I have some really good pictures of squirrel monkeys that I took in Costa Rica (Corcovado National Park) this past April. They are better than the those currently being used for the article, if whoever is in charge of this page is interested in using them.66.233.50.127 23:00, 22 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, do you know which species of squirrel monkey they are? We could use some diversity in the species pictures. - UtherSRG (talk) 01:10, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

pictures
The pictures I have are of the black-crowned Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii oerstedii)...66.233.50.127 17:34, 23 May 2007 (UTC)tim

Brainy typo
The human brain mass to body mass ratio is 1:53 (1.9 %), rather than 1:35 (2.9 %). --Anshelm '77 12:40, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

pre/post-1984 taxonomy
Several taxa in this genus were originally described as species (the whole idea about subspecies, and thus trinomials, is relatively new, only gaining widespread use some ~100 years ago). So, from around the turn of the century up until the 1970s, numerous taxa that previously had been considered separate species were merged (often with few or no arguments being presented for the change), and the resulting taxonomy generally recognized. The idea of considering oerstedii conspecific with a widespread S. sciureus (i.e. only one Squirrel Monkey) was further supported by the late Philip Hershkovitz (1972) - one of the "big guys" in the taxonomy of Neotropical mammals (especially primates) in the 70s, 80s & 90s, and of particular importance in this genus, as it also was him who presented the arguments for the multiple-species split in his article in the American Journal of Primatology in 1984. This article (although some of its conclusions later have been contradicted by hybridization, DNA, physiology, etc) has formed the basis for MSW3, with the only major deviation being S. vanzolinii, described in 1985, and thus not conclusively treated in Hershkovitz, 1984. Thus, if checking MSW3 for S. oerstedii, the ref. also cited for the sentence in the wiki article, you will see that the "big year" was 1984, not only for the South American taxa, but also for the Central American S. oerstedii. This is also noted in the the popular (but in general good) The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates (Rowe, 1996), where the following quote can be found in the taxonomic section for S. oerstedii: "Elevated from a subspecies of S. sciureus in 1984". The major deviation has actually been between the South American split (sciureus-ustus-boliviensis-vanzolini) versus the Central American-South American split (oerstedii-sciureus) post-1984, as the latter has been almost entirely agreed upon since Hershkovitz, 1984, while the split into multiple South American species has been contested against to various degrees by various authors (see especially Costello, Dickinson, Rosenberger, Boinski & Szalay, 1993, which presented arguments for only recognizing a Central American and a South American species). • Rabo³  • 23:46, 25 July 2008 (UTC)
 * 1984 seems to be a key date, since that is when Hershkovitz reversed himself. But actually I think the situation before 1984 was a bit more muddled than Groves or Rowe state.  I can recall my old mammal encyclopedia (which I can't site since it is buried somewhere in my parents attic) when I was growing up in the 1970s showing the C.A. and S.A. squirrel monkey as separate species.  From the Cebine chapter in Primates in Perspective: "Historically, the genus was divided into only 2 species based on geographical distribution: S. oerstediiin Central America and S. sciureus in South America.  In some [emphasis added] accounts, S. oerstedii is listed as an offshoot of S. sciureus that was thought to have been introduced to Central America by humans in pre-Colimbian times (Herkovitz 1969; c.f. Cropp and Boinski 2000, Costello et al. 1993).  The taxonomy chapter of New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates (coauthored by Colin Groves) indicates that Cabrera (1958) and Thorington (1985) considered S. oerstedii as a subspecies of S. scireus but not Hill (1960) or Hershkovitz (1984), who rather recognized the 2 subspecies of S. oerstedii.  It also discusses Hershkovitz' belief in 1969 that S. oerstedii was introduced by humans into Central America, but does not address the pre-1984 taxonomy situation (at least as regards to whether S. oerstedii is a subspecies) further.  So all in all the situation appears to have been quite muddled until at least 1984, and even later (i.e., until Cropp and Boinski's DNA analysis in 2000).  But I agree that 1984 is a key date, and so the more general wording may well be appropriate, esp. with the word "generally" incorporated. Rlendog (talk) 00:37, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Another relevant reference: A Complete Guide to Monkeys Apes and Other Primates, by Michael Kavanagh, p. 84 on Squirrel Monkeys:"Although they are widespread in South America in almost every conceivable type of forest, and well known in Europe, Japan and North America as pets and laboratory animals, there is still no agreement as to the correct number of species...For simplicity they may all be thought of as belonging to a single species, although many zoologists would want to separate a red-backed Central American form from those that occur in South America itself." While I don't often use this book as a reference because of its age, it may be particularly relevant to this discussion since it was published in 1983 - a year before Hershkovitz' revision.  So, taking this in combination with the above (esp. Hill from 1960) it appears that while all the South American squirrel monkeys were generally considered a single species, there was no general agreement as to whether the Central American squirrel monkey was part of that species or a separate species.  That said, I am not sure how best to reflect this nuance in an apppropriately pithy fashion into the taxonomy section of this article. Rlendog (talk) 19:08, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Vision
I deleted the section on color vision. Paragraph talked about spider monkeys, not squirrel monkeys. One reference was a bad link, and the other had valid data about squirrel monkeys' vision chromosomes that would have been an odd random one-sentence fact if left. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.132.250.6 (talk) 14:48, 10 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I reverted before seeing the above argument for its deletion, but upon checking I have left the section. First, dead links among references is not an argument in itself for deleting sections; at least not unless attempts have been made to revive the link (see WP:BADLINK for possible solutions). In any case it appears the link is not dead presently. Secondly, everything in the section was supported by references. While true that the first reference mainly is about spider monkeys, note that the gene is the same also involved in squirrel monkeys, and they do mention that color vison in squirrel monkeys has been extensively studied as a stand-in for human ailments. The remaining sentences are all supported by the other reference, though it is only quoted at the end of the final sentence and in one case the wiki article mistakenly said "spider monkey" rather than "squirrel monkey" (I've corrected this). Though potentially confusing (and can be problematic if people edit sentences without knowing that a later reference also is valid there), the "several sentences for one reference" can sometimes be seen on wiki. 212.10.95.14 (talk) 19:32, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

Thoughts on expanding article
The article on squirrel monkeys is very short and has significant room for improvement. The lead of the article is quite short and needs to contain more information. Once again, there is no section on anatomy though there is a section on evolutionary history. The section on behavior needs to be greatly expanded to include topics such as social structures and reproduction. As of right now the only subsection that it contains is one on color vision which might fit better in the section on evolutionary history or in the needed section of anatomy and physiology. One could also add to the article a section on geography or the habitat of the species. Pictures should be added throughout the article. This article has been given the category of a “Start,” which I am presuming to mean that much work needs to be done. There is some discussion on the talk section though it does not specifically address how to move this article forward towards a higher category, and most of it is from 2007. Someone posted that the color vision section included actually pertains to spider monkeys as opposed to squirrel monkeys though this subsection still exists in the article which seems to be problematic. E.middlebrook (talk) 19:51, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

Here is a compilation of some sources that could be used to further add things to the article, expanding it's evolution and behavior and ecology sections, while adding some on mating systems, reproduction, and possibly physiology. [1] Boinski, S. (1987). "Mating Patterns in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi): Implications for Seasonal Sexual Dimorphism". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 21(1): 13–21. ISSN 0340-5443.

[2] Stone, Anita I. (2014-08-01). "Is Fatter Sexier? Reproductive Strategies of Male Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)". International Journal of Primatology. 35 (3): 628–642. doi:10.1007/s10764-014-9755-7. ISSN 1573-8604.

[3] Baker, Jasmine N.; Walker, Jerilyn A.; Vanchiere, John A.; Phillippe, Kacie R.; St. Romain, Corey P.; Gonzalez-Quiroga, Paulina; Denham, Michael W.; Mierl, Jackson R.; Konkel, Miriam K.; Batzer, Mark A. (2017-09-01). "Evolution of Alu Subfamily Structure in the Saimiri Lineage of New World Monkeys". Genome Biology and Evolution. 9 (9): 2365–2376. doi:10.1093/gbe/evx172.

[4] Zimbler‐DeLorenzo, Heather S.; Stone, Anita I. (2011). "Integration of field and captive studies for understanding the behavioral ecology of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sp.)". American Journal of Primatology. 73 (7): 607–622. doi:10.1002/ajp.20946. ISSN 1098-2345.

[5] Garber, Paul A.; Leigh, Steven R. (1997). "Ontogenetic Variation in Small-Bodied New World Primates: Implications for Patterns of Reproduction and Infant Care". Folia Primatologica. 68 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1159/000157226. ISSN 0015-5713. PMID 9170641.

[6] Stone, Anita I.; Ruivo, Luana V. P. (2020). "Synchronization of weaning time with peak fruit availability in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri collinsi) living in Amazonian Brazil". American Journal of Primatology. 82 (7): e23139. doi:10.1002/ajp.23139. ISSN 1098-2345.

And two more sources found on cool urine-washing thermoregulation technique and another on how humidity affects osmoregulation in squirrel monkeys, but I couldn't get full access to the papers. - CooperOfford (talk) 23:36, 2 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Squirrel monkey


text:
GBH

GBH may refer to:
 * GBH (design and advertising agency), a London-based design and advertising agency
 * Grievous bodily harm, a term used in English criminal law
 * Glyphosate-based herbicide
 * Union of Construction and Woodworkers, an Austrian trade union

In arts, entertainment and media:
 * GBH (band), an English punk band
 * GBH, trade name of the WGBH Educational Foundation and some of its public media outlets, including GBH 2 (WGBH-TV) and GBH 44 (WGBX-TV)
 * G.B.H. (TV series), a seven-part British television drama shown in the summer of 1991 on Channel 4
 * G.B.H. (soundtrack), the soundtrack album by Elvis Costello and Richard Harvey for the series
 * The Grand Budapest Hotel, a 2014 film by Wes Anderson
 * The Grand Budapest Hotel (soundtrack), the soundtrack by Alexandre Desplat for the film
 * Great Bash Heel, a professional wrestling stable
 * GBH, a 1980 novel by Ted Lewis

title: GBH