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Sulfasalazine

Sulfasalazine, sold under the brand name Azulfidine among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. It is considered by some to be a first-line treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. It is taken by mouth or can be administered rectally.

Significant side effects occur in about 25% of people. Commonly these include loss of appetite, nausea, headache, and rash. Severe side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver problems, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and kidney problems. It should not be used in people allergic to aspirin or sulfonamide. Use during pregnancy appears to be safe for the baby.

Sulfasalazine is in the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) family of medications. It is unclear exactly how it works. One proposed mechanism is the inhibition of prostaglandins, resulting in local anti-inflammatory effects in the colon. The medication is broken down by intestinal bacteria into sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid.

Sulfasalazine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1950. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Sulfasalazine is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions.

Medical uses
Sulfasalazine is used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It is also indicated for use in rheumatoid arthritis and used in other types of inflammatory arthritis (e.g. psoriatic arthritis and reactive arthritis).

It is usually not given to children under two years of age.

Side effects
Use of sulfasalazine is contraindicated in people with sulfa allergies and in those with urinary tract obstructions, intestinal obstructions, and severe liver or kidney problems.

Sulfasalazine metabolizes to sulfapyridine. Serum levels should be monitored every three months, and more frequently at the outset. Serum levels above 50 μg/L are associated with side effects. In rare cases, sulfasalazine can cause severe depression in young males. It can also cause oligospermia and temporary infertility. Immune thrombocytopenia has been reported.

Sulfasalazine inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, and can cause folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia. and various other undesirable effects.

Sulfasalazine can cause hemolytic anemia in people with G6PD deficiency.

Sulfasalazine can cause kidney stones. Sulfasalazine may cause stomach upset, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, dizziness, or unusual tiredness. Skin and urine can become orange, with occasional allergic reactions.

Sulfasalazine may cause sulfhemoglobinemia.

Pharmacology
Around 90% of a dose of sulfasalazine reaches the colon, where most of it is metabolized by bacteria into sulfapyridine and mesalazine (also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid or 5-ASA). Both metabolites are active; most of the sulfapyridine is absorbed and then further metabolized, but most mesalazine is not, and remains in the colon.

A mix of unchanged, hydroxylated, and glucuronidated sulfapyridine is eliminated in urine, as is acetylated mesalazine and unmetabolized sulfasalazine.

The mechanism of action is not clear, but it appears that sulfasalazine and its metabolites have immunosuppressive, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. It also appears to inhibit the cystine-glutamate antiporter, as well as sepiapterin reductase.

Chemistry
It is a codrug which is a combination of sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid coupled with an azo linkage.

Cost
In people with rheumatoid arthritis, the cost-effectiveness of sulfasalazine is improved by combining it with other drugs. It is commonly used in treating inflammatory bowel disease in part due to its cost effectiveness.

Research
Sulfasalazine has been studied in cirrhosis, psoriasis, idiopathic urticaria, and amyloidosis.

title: Sulfasalazine


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Frank Pia

Francesco "Frank" Pia is an American lifeguard, recognized in the field for his research and training on ways to rescue people in trouble in the water. He is best known for:

Education
Pia attended Long Island University where he received his BA in 1968 and his MA in 1973. He attended the City University of New York and received his MS in 1976, and an Advanced Certificate in Clinical School Psychology in 1977.

He has several publications in the area of forensics on drowning accident causes that are used by lawyers and aquatic experts in personal injury litigation, including:
 * Unobserved Drownings: The Unnoticed Struggle
 * Establishing Causation in Unobserved Drownings

Pia carry
The Pia carry was created by Pia for use exclusively by lifeguards. It requires a strong legs-only kick that is used to support the drowning non-swimmer as far out of the water as possible (at least the shoulders out), to stop the instinctive drowning response. It is standard procedure for most lifeguard training. Frank Pia is a recognized authority on lifeguarding and drowning.

It is a control carry which may be used on conscious, distressed non-swimmers (DNS); as such, it is considered an extremely high-risk rescue technique and rescuers should attempt it only if trained and fit to do so. Direct contact with victims should be chosen last, after having attempted or ruled out all other "rungs" of the ladder approach.

The technique consists of approaching the victim from behind and below to minimize risk and maximize control; encircling the victim's waist or hips with one arm; and supporting the victim's buttocks or thigh on your hip. This ensures that the victim's head and shoulders are clear of the water while you swim to safety with a one-arm pull and either whipkick or eggbeater kick. The rescuer should attempt to keep his or her head clear of the surface to reassure the victim while moving to safety. This carry is used only over short distances where safety can be reached within 10–15 m and there is back-up help available.

While encouraged, the Pia carry is not the only accepted control DNS carry; "must-sees" for the NLS physical skill only require the victim's head and shoulders be clear of the water.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Frank Pia


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User:Eixo

 * This page shows the combined contributions of Eixo and Lampman.

Special distinctions
Edward III of England, Ordinances of 1311,  Richard II of England – (3)

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As Eixo
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Government ministers of Norway
Lars Kristian Abrahamsen, Olav Akselsen, Anton Ludvig Alvestad, Olaf Amundsen, Magnus Andersen, Torgeir Anderssen-Rysst, Harriet Andreassen, Peter Angelsen, Carsten Anker, Sofus Arctander, Ulrik Frederik Christian Arneberg, Andreas Arntzen, Jens Lauritz Arup, Hans Rasmus Astrup, Ludvig Aubert, Leif Jørgen Aune, Aud Inger Aure, Tore Austad, John Austrheim, Ole Andreas Bachke, Ole Ludvig Bærøe, Hallvard Bakke, Anne-Lise Bakken, Jan Balstad, Anton Christian Bang, Thomas Cathinco Bang, Paal Berg, Gunnar Berge, Birger Bergersen, Grete Berget, Kornelius Bergsvik, Carl Berner, Thorbjørn Berntsen, Oddvar Berrefjord, Paul Hansen Birch, Christian Birch-Reichenwald, Peter Birch-Reichenwald, Turid Birkeland, Eleonore Bjartveit, Aase Bjerkholt, Petter Jakob Bjerve, Elias Blix, Hans Glad Bloch, Gustav Peter Blom, Helen Bøsterud, Eivind Bolle, Kjell Bondevik, Jacob Aall Bonnevie, Conrad Bonnevie-Svendsen, Hans Borgen, Kjell Borgen, Harald Bothner, Birger Braadland, Børge Brende, Gunnar Bråthen, 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Mellbye, Morten Andreas Meyer, Cornelius Middelthon, Ole Monsen Mjelde, Lars Magnus Moen, Erik Røring Møinichen, Christian Fredrik Monsen, Peter Andreas Amundsen Morell, Rasmus Olai Mortensen, Ernst Motzfeldt, Ketil Motzfeldt, Peter Motzfeldt, Einar Hole Moxnes, Svein Munkejord, Adolph Frederik Munthe, Oddmund Myklebust, Kirsten Myklevoll, Ole Myrvoll, Fredrik Anton Martin Olsen Nalum, Liv Signe Navarsete, Carsten Tank Nielsen, Sven Nielsen, Arne Nilsen, Peder Nilsen, Magnus Nilssen, Rasmus Tønder Nissen, Jon Ola Norbom, Eldrid Nordbø, Rasmus Nordbø, Kari Nordheim-Larsen, Idar Norstrand, Hans Hein Theodor Nysom, Egil Offenberg, Lars Oftedal, Sven Oftedal (politician), Olav Berntsen Oksvik, Jan Henry T. Olsen, Ulrik Olsen, Olaj Olsen, Trygve Olsen, Christian Wilhelm Engel Bredal Olssøn, Anton Thorkildsen Omholt, Onar Onarheim, Kjell Opseth, Helga Pedersen (Norway), Rudolf Elias Peersen, Kristian Friis Petersen, Jakob Martin Pettersen, Oddrunn Pettersen, Frederik Christian Stoud Platou, Rolf Presthus, Frederik Prytz, Torolf Prytz, Ole Anton Qvam, Just Knud Qvigstad, Øystein Olsen Ravner, Herman Johan Foss Reimers, Eivind Reiten, Gudmund Restad, Arne Rettedal, Hans Riddervold, Terje Riis-Johansen, Charles Robertson (Norway), Mona Røkke, Sissel Rønbeck, Heidi Grande Røys, Helge Rognlien, Christian Lange Rolfsen, Ferdinand Nicolai Roll, Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz, Sverre Walter Rostoft, Niels Mathias Rye, Evald Rygh, Ruth Anlaug Ryste, Odd Sagør, Ulf Oscar Sand, Reidar Sandal, Erling Sandberg, Matz Sandman, Karl Sanne, Herman Scheel, Peter Olrog Schjøtt, Karl Eirik Schjøtt-Pedersen, Olaus Michael Schmidt, Oluf Borch de Schouboe, Jacob Marius Schøning, Ingjerd Schou, Christian Homann Schweigaard, Lorentz Henrik Müller Segelcke, Helge Seip, Karl Seip, Wenche Frogn Sellæg, Elisabeth Schweigaard Selmer, Niels Arntzen Sem, Rakel Seweriin, Georg Sibbern, Valentin Christian Wilhelm Sibbern, Helge Sivertsen, Anders C. Sjaastad, Gustav Sjaastad, Bjørn Skau, Arne Skaug, Arne Skauge, Johan Skipnes, Jacob Worm Skjelderup, Elsa Skjerven, Oskar Skogly, Anton Skulberg, Lars Skytøen, Harald Smedal, Aimar August Sørenssen, Søren Anton Wilhelm Sørenssen, Hill-Marta Solberg, Solveig Sollie, Christian Sparre, August Geelmuyden Spørck, Axel Heiberg Stang, Hans Georg Jacob Stang (minister of defence), Einar Steensnæs, Olav Martinus Knutsen Steinnes, Sverre Kornelius Eilertsen Støstad, Tove Strand, Ole Nikolai Ingebrigtsen Strømme, Oscar Sigvald Julius Strugstad, Birger Stuevold-Hansen, Jon Sundby, Arne Sunde, Elias Sunde, Rakel Surlien, Jakob Liv Rosted Sverdrup, Anne Kristin Sydnes, Thomas Edvard von Westen Sylow, Ivar Bergersen Sælen, Carsten Tank, Georg August Thilesen, Petter Thomassen, Iver Steen Thomle, Johan Henrik Paasche Thorne, Niels Andreas Thrap, Otto Grieg Tidemand, Tore Tønne, Nils Olav Totland, Nils Trædal, Karl Trasti, Thorstein Treholt, Ivar Peterson Tveiten, Ingvald Ulveseth, Andreas Tostrup Urbye, Trygve Utheim, Dagfinn Vårvik, Torjus Værland, Gerd-Liv Valla, Inger Louise Valle, Kolbjørn Varmann, Tove Liv Veierød, Anders Venger, Vesla Gunvor Vetlesen, Anne Petrea Vik, Jakob Nilsson Vik, Aasmund Halvorsen Vinje, Niels Petersen Vogt, Paul Benjamin Vogt, Tom Vraalsen, Karl Wilhelm Wefring, Harald Nicolai Storm Wergeland, Vilhelm Andreas Wexelsen, Thorhild Widvey, Einar Wøhni, Terje Wold, Hans Ystgaard – (457)

 * Lists of County Governors of Norway and sub-lists – (20)
 * Peerage of England and Ireland by date and sub-lists (1270-1400) – (15)

Pages I've translated
From French: Dents du Midi, François Jouffroy, Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, Jean-Pierre Cortot, Louis-Ernest Barrias, Pierre Carron – (6) From German: Ager (river), Ferdinand Blumentritt, Hans Kollhoff – (3) From Italian: Aleardo Aleardi, Antonio Abati, Dora Baltea, Dora Riparia, Favignana, Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Orco, Panaro, Secchia – (9) From Norwegian: Anette Sagen, Bjørn Wirkola, Christian Krohg, Harald Heide-Steen Jr., Ingrid Kristiansen, Johan Borgen, Jon Eikemo, Kjersti Døvigen, Kristofer Hæstad, Lene Elise Bergum, Maria Bonnevie, Northwest Spitsbergen National Park, Per Asplin, Per Theodor Haugen, Steinar Imsen, Sven Nordin – (16) From Swedish: Torsten Husén – (1) =(35)

title: User:Eixo


text:
Talk:Mountain zebra

Untitled
Is it Hartmanni or Hartmannae? I seem to be getting differing spellings from other websites.
 * It is officially hartmannae! Pmaas 13:01, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Revision into two species
I've changed this article and added some new information. Groves & Bell revised the Zebra genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris in their 2004 publication in Mammalian Biology. Cape Mountain Zebra and Hartmann's Mountain Zebra are now seen as two separate species, and not as subspecies anymore. See the article for more information and references. Pmaas 13:01, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I support this proposal. They are TWO different species and should be represented as such. Arthurian Legend 16:42, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I support too!! They are two different species!! --HoopoeBaijiKite 02:46, 5 October 2007 (UTC)
 * No they aren't, as the genetic evidence clearly has shown (see text in the article itself). Furthermore, MSW3 is followed unless someone has more up-to-date info. The claim of them being separate species was published before the most recent version of MSW3, and they clearly judged it to be inadequate since they didn't folow it. Unless you can provide a more up-to-date reason for why they should be considered separate species, MSW3 taxonomy stands (check also WP:WikiProject_Mammals). • Rabo³  • 09:16, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

picture under apperance
The picture under Apperance is not a resting zebra ! It´s a dying animal in the Nandankanan Zoological Park ! Ref : http://odishasuntimes.com/2016/10/29/female-zebra-dies-odishas-nandankanan-zoo-2/

You can see in the picture that this is not a happy relaxed zebra. So please change this macabre picture to something more nice.... 62.95.66.2 (talk) 09:22, 16 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mountain zebra


text:
Talk:Third Servile War

Featured Article Status
The article finally made it :) It was a long hard struggle, but the article finally passed its FAC review :) - Vedexent (talk) - 18:51, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

"Province of Italia"
Sorry, it's been years for me, but I'm really, really pretty sure that there was no such thing as a "province of Italia" in the 70s BC. Italy was treated as a special jurisdiciton outside of the system of provinces in the Republic and early Empire -- I think it only became a province in the 3rd century AD. I mention it because the phrase "province of Italia" is right now (7/24/07) on the front page of Wikipedia and really jumped out at me ... not to cast aspersions on the hard work of what is a great article, but I'm going to fix this unless someone wants to tell me I'm wrong... --Jfruh (talk) 00:17, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Quoth the Wikipedia article on the subject:

 * During the Republic, Italia (which extended at the time from Rubicon to Calabria) was not a province, but rather the territory of the city of Rome, thus having a special status: for example, military commanders were not allowed to bring their armies within Italia, and Julius Caesar passing the Rubicon with his legions marked the start of the civil war.

 * I'm going to make the change and try to get the front page fixed. --Jfruh (talk) 00:20, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Good catch - I originally thought this was someone making "improvements" without checking their facts, and changed the page back, but you make a good case here - I've reverted the page back to your version. - Vedexent (talk) - 04:07, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * There's actually nothing wrong with the change you made from "Italy" to "Italia" -- you're right that strictly speaking they aren't the same thing (1st century BC Italia not including the land north of the Po), and certainly the name "Italia" was common then. My gripe was with the word "province", and I probably should have switched the text to Italia rather than Italy to be consistent with the rest of the article. --Jfruh (talk) 15:33, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * It might be worth including in the article the fact that Roman legions operating within the territory of Italy was a most unusual circumstance which was not normally allowed under Roman law - I hadn't caught this earlier - but it emphasizes both the extremity of the actions sanctioned by the Senate, and the "extra-legal" actions of Pompey and Crassus following the end of the rebellion. - Vedexent (talk) - 04:11, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

The accepted English word for the country in question is "Italy". I am well aware that, as is mentioned above, the delimitation of Italy in ancient times was not exactly the same as it is now, but it is still referred to in English as "ancient Italy". Normal Wikipedia policy is to use the name by which a person or place is most commonly known in English. Calling it "Italia" does not convey any different meaning: anyone who is aware that ancient Italy did not have the same boundaries as modern Italy will still know that whichever word we use; anyone unaware of it will still be unaware of it whichever word we use. I therefore propose to edit the article to conform to normal English usage and Wikipedia policy. JamesBWatson (talk) 23:37, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

When (ambiguous seasonal references)

 * in the spring of 71 BC
 * In the spring of 72 BC
 * the winter of 73 BC

Poetic wordings such as these are ambiguous and are likely to cause confusion. Seasons should not be used interchangeably with dates as seasons occur at different times of the year in different parts of the world. Thus, they are not encyclopedic. These should be reworded so as to be more precise. If a specific month is known, it should be used instead. Otherwise, substitute other wordings as appropriate. --B.d.mills 03:04, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I would suggest you aim these criticisms at the original Roman historians who don't get much more specific than this; As stated in the FAC defense, more precise dating is not available. If you have other wording you feel is more appropriate (early? mid?), feel free to substitute it. - Vedexent (talk) - 04:03, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
 * There is no ambiguity as the action of the article takes place entirely within the northern hemisphere. I've removed the silly when templates. 09:14, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
 * While I would not call the templates "silly" in general, in this case they are. Seasons played a very real direct role in ancient warfare. Mentioning them here serves a real purpose, it is not a sign of bias. Moreover, since the whole description refers to Italy only, there is no ambiguity introduced.--Stephan Schulz 09:24, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
 * This is an example of the general northern-hemisphere systemic bias exhibited in Wikipedia in general. I will restate - unclarified seasons are not good substitutes for time periods because they are ambiguous. If this was a series of battles in the Southern Hemisphere and it was sprinkled with southern-hemisphere seasons with no further clarification, would you be able to guarantee that every member of the audience in the northern hemisphere would be able to get the time period right? No.
 * Note in particular the wording winter of 73 BC. While the other wordings can ultimately be translated into a particular time period (with some effort), this is genuinely ambiguous. Consider that the northern-hemisphere winter starts in one year and ends in another. This particular time period cannot be disambiguated into "the start of 73 BC" and "the end of 73 BC" without further research, and thus the article is deficient and the "when" tag is justified here. I live in the southern hemisphere and I don't know how to resolve this particular ambiguity without a lot of additional research. Many northern-hemisphere readers will also have difficulty because seasonal conventions differ in the various northern-hemisphere countries. There may be unspoken conventions that describe how to clarify this but I am not aware of them. I shouldn't have to be aware of these conventions to work out this time period.
 * More appropriate wordings would be early, mid, late, or by clarifying it with northern-hemisphere before the seasons.
 * As an example of a reasonable way of clarifying, I refer to precedent elsewhere within Wikipedia. The following quotations are from the Falklands war article (emphasis mine):
 * The first landings of SAS troops took place on 21 April, but — with the southern hemisphere autumn setting in — the weather was so bad that their landings and others made the next day were all withdrawn after two helicopters crashed in fog on Fortuna Glacier.
 * The ships of the task force could only remain on station for a limited time in the worsening southern hemisphere winter.
 * Here, a specific date was mentioned in one of the quotations, but that is not material to the example. Notice that it clarifies the season using southern hemisphere. Nothing wrong with that. So why is it needed at all? Because some members of the audience need that clarification, to wit, those that live in the northern hemisphere. So why not clarify this article in the same way? It is reasonable that some members of the audience will need the clarification - the southern hemisphere audience.
 * Vedexent points out important information regarding the seasons and ancient history. It is difficult to disambiguate the seasons here because the historians who recorded these details recorded them years later.
 * Thus, I suggest that the article be clarified as follows:
 * in the northern hemisphere spring of 71 BC
 * In the northern hemisphere spring of 72 BC
 * The "winter of 73 BC" reference is more difficult. In addition to disambiguating the seasonal reference, it is also necessary to establish which "winter of 73 BC" is being referred to here, and reference it accordingly.
 * Someone may complain that such revisions will "spoil the readability of the article" or other such nonsense. If you believe that, I suggest you read the above quotations from the Falklands war article and imagine that the "southern hemisphere autumn" and "southern hemisphere winter" references instead read "autumn" and "winter". It is essentially the same - the weather of a season having an impact in the theatre of war. The only difference is that the seasons are southern hemisphere instead of northern hemisphere. Would you be willing to accept this wording - this is the exact argument made by user 62.145.19.66 - or would you seek clarification as I have done in this article? --B.d.mills 00:46, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * In one particular case, it is still somewhat ambiguous: winter.  Is it the winter at the beginning of the year (Jan, Feb) or at the end of the year (Dec)?  That's the only place I think more precise wording should be added, (not substituted). Mdotley 00:09, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * In light of the above, I plan to revise the two date references by inserting "northern hemisphere" before the other seasonal references as discussed above. I will also re-insert the when tag after the ambiguous "winter of 73 BC" date reference if it has not been clarified by another editor before then. If there are no reasonable objections I will make these revisions in the next day or two (unless someone else does it first). --B.d.mills 05:32, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Firstly, I don't think many people need to be reminded that Italy is in the northern hemisphere, and it is pretty clear that the article is about events in ancient Italy. Secondly, I've updated the phrasing to include the year spans i.e. "winter of 73-72 BC" - Vedexent (talk) - 05:38, 26 July 2007 (UTC)
 * You have done well with the revision of the article to disambiguate the appropriate winter season, but the other possible flaws remain.
 * With respect, your insistence that "winter" and the like without further qualification cannot possibly be confused by anyone may be a sign of northern-centric systemic bias.
 * To identify the time of year correctly, it is necessary to know the following: (1) that the battles occurred in Italy; (2) that Italy is located in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere; (3) that Northern Hemisphere seasons begin with winter at the start of the year. Compare the Falklands War article with the quotations I provided earlier. To disambiguate seasonal references in that article, it is necessary to know a similar chain of facts. The location of the Falklands War is well defined within the article, so there is no essential difference in point (1). Although the Falklands are not as well known as Italy, this is not an issue because these geographical locations are linked in the article and anyone who needs to know more can use the links to learn the locations for themselves. So point (2) does not apply either. Point (3) can be disambiguated in the same manner as a swag of articles about northern-hemisphere battles. However, due to the inherent northern-centric bias in Wikipedia in general, someone has seen fit to clarify the southern hemisphere seasons in the Falklands War article by marking all of them with "southern hemisphere".
 * There is no objective reason why northern hemisphere seasons cannot be marked in the same manner. If "southern hemisphere" must be used within articles to warn readers from a northern-hemisphere audience that the seasons are different, I see no good reason why "northern hemisphere" cannot likewise be used to mark northern-hemisphere seasons for a southern-hemisphere audience. -- B.D.Mills  (T, C) 09:32, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Seeing as how the ancient calendar didn't always coincide with the seasons I think we should leave it with the seasonal references. Regardless of what month it is called, we know what time of year they are referring to. Missjessica254 16:27, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

The legality of the legions
As Jfruh mentioned above, there was a law which prevented Caesar from crossing the Rubicon with his standing legions. This makes me wonder about the legal status of legions operating within Italy at this time, which should be reflected in the article.

What I’m wondering is

 * Under what circumstances were legions allowed to operate legally within Italy?

 * Why were Caesar’s later actions illegal? Was it because he brought a standing army within Italy? Was it because he took a standing army outside the territory in which he held imperium?

 * Did the laws which forbade Casesar’s actions exist at the time of the Third Servile War?

This does have bearing on this article. For example:

 * If legions could not operate within Italy without Senate sanction, this was most likely a contributing reason to why Gaius Claudius Glaber took a militia against the slave uprising in Campania and not regular legionnaires.
 * If Senate dispensation was required for Legions to operate within Italy, or if Legions were forbidden under law to operate within Italy under any circumstances, then the raising of Legions of Lucius Gellius Publicola, Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus and Marcus Licinius Crassus become extraordinary acts sanctioned by the Senate, or outright “extra-legal” actions of the Roman senate.
 * If Caesar’s later crime was in bringing his legion outside the territory in which he held imperium, then the use of the legions of Pompey, and the repatriation of Lucullus’ legions to deal with the uprising become “extra-legal” acts, or acts that required special legal dispensation by the Senate.

I believe that the legal exceptions, which I believe had to have been made – unless the laws which later barred Caesar’s actions were not in place at the time – emphasizes the alarm of the Senate with regards to the uprising, and should be mentioned in the article.

I would urge anyone who has a clearer understanding the legal implications of the Roman legions working within Italy, and/or the legal status of the imperium imparted on the individual commanders (if any) to chime in. - Vedexent (talk) - 09:31, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * It was not unlawful for Roman legions to operate inside Italy itself at any time in Rome's history. Legions that had to fight in Italy were commanded by the consuls or people appointed by them.  It was unlawful for any officer in command of troops to enter the city of Rome, except as a triumphator on the day of his triumph.  This was why Pompey (and others in the same situation) had to camp outside the city waiting for the Senate to grant him a triumph, since he could not enter Rome without surrendering his proconsular imperium.
 * Caesar's actions were unlawful because the Senate had revoked his extraordinary magistracy over all of Gaul and ordered him to return to Rome alone, as a private citizen. Since his imperium would not end until he left his province, he was within the law in bringing his legions to the Rubicon, but by bringing them across it he was defying the command of the Senate and implicitly declaring war.  Fumblebruschi 17:33, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the clarification :) - Vedexent (talk) - 00:59, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Lead
The last sentence of the third paragraph is quite long and complex grammatically. Perhaps it could be rewritten or broken into multiple sentence to aid readability. Kaldari (talk) 18:35, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

Slave ombudsman
Hi there, I'm interested in that Slave ombudsman (as a ref, from Seneca's "On benefits". Where can I find more? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.70.113.244 (talk) 09:43, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

Numbers
The size/strength of ancient armies is often controversial, and it would help to have sources for armies and other large groups. Especially with sizes above 80,000-100,000.72.66.37.62 (talk) 00:49, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

 * That's why I added the Appian and Smith references in footnote #35; They discuss the ambiguity. It's also why I created size ranges not authoritative strength statements. - Vedexent (talk) - 17:34, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

BC or BCE?
The article on Spartacus uses the BCE format, whereas this uses BC. Consistency (using BCE/CE rather than BC/AD, IMHO) should occur across Wikipedia articles. 69.42.13.45 (talk) 13:54, 6 April 2012 (UTC)

Forces and Casualties Disagreements
There has recently been a bit of a tug-of-war about Roman force strength, and casualties - all made without citations or supporting arguments. I have reverted them back to the original - including some reversion of my edits, BUT I am willing to discuss the matter if there are supporting arguments and citations for the changes.

To my mind:

 * The quoted references are pretty clear on the variable size of Republican Legions, however - please feel free to read. I expanded the original troop counts to a more descriptive phrase showing the difficulties making a precise estimate. I originally used a middle-of-the-road estimate, based on Smith.

 * Roman causality counts are also slippery - I could find no consistent claim for them in the 4-6 months I was re-writing the article for FA status back in 2006, so I left those results out. Since then, they've been added in as hard numbers - but without citation, even though I've requested such. As these have been unsupported - yet - I've been removing them again (with explanation).

 * I can see there being claims for more legions - while it's quite clear that Crassus had 8 legions (the 2 consular legions, plus an additional 6), the Legions of Pompey and Lucullus need to be considered, although some references as to the number and size of those legions should be included.

Does anyone have any input on these points? - Vedexent (talk) - 10:52, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Spartacus MIA or KIA?
On this article it says he was last reported as MIA (missing in action), however on his personal article, it says it was confirmed that he was killed IN the war. What should his final status be noted as????? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Crelache (talk • contribs) 10:38, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I checked the Spartacus article, and it notes that while most of the classical historians count Spartacus killed, some sources note that his body was never identified. To me - when I did the FA re-vamp of the article - that translated as MIA, presumed KIA - but we'll never really know. Although, I'm pretty sure that - by now at least - he is dead. - Vedexent (talk) - 17:04, 19 September 2013 (UTC)

 * No MIA, man - I am Spartacus! 83.254.151.33 (talk) 10:47, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

"Also called the Gladiator War"
Is that so? Is it an important enough name to deserve mention in the article? I see two problems with this name. First, it is misleading, since the gladiators were only the first of the rebels, and were soon a minority of the rebels. Second, it is ungrammatical, at least in my own dialect, because nouns do not work that way. Gladiatorial War, adjective+noun, Gladiators' War, and War of the Gladiators would be grammatical, though still misleading. I think I have seen the last form elsewhere. Ananiujitha (talk) 04:36, 25 October 2013 (UTC)

"Doubly alarming" and "Roman people"
At present, the lead claims "The Third Servile War was the only one to directly threaten the Roman heartland of Italy and was doubly alarming to the Roman people due to the repeated successes of the rapidly growing band of escaped former slaves against the Roman army between 73 and 71 BC."
 * So the revolt is alarming due to the rebel victories; it is doubly alarming due to what else? Ananiujitha (talk) 20:28, 25 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Presumably the revolt was especially alarming to the Roman aristocracy and to the Romans, of any class, in the paths of the contending armies. But I'm nervous about claims about the opinions of the Roman people as a whole in this period. Roman society was deeply divided at the time, as shown by the Sullan Civil War, and the ongoing Sertorian War to the west, and some Roman citizens are supposed to have joined the rebellion. Ananiujitha (talk) 20:28, 25 October 2013 (UTC)

Roman commanders' KIA status
I removed most Roman commanders' KIA status from infobox, because:
 * Glaber's status was unknown after his defeat, no records clearly say he was killed or survived.
 * Varinius was confirmed to have survived.
 * Furius, Lucius Quinctius, Gnaeus Tremellius Scrofa, Gnaeus Manlius were defeated by rebels, no records gave their fates as killed in their defeats. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.79.48.137 (talk) 13:18, 5 November 2013 (UTC)

 * This is why you put comments in your initial edits - Vedexent (User talk:Vedexent) 16:53, 5 November 2013 (UTC)

Roman Casualties
I note that someone has added unsubstantiated causality figures for Rome in the infobox. If you look at these casualty figures, they claim that the Roman militia and the garrison under Gaius Cassius Longinus (which only appears in some of the accounts), were butchered to a man, with no survivors - which seems extremely unlikely, and would have been specifically called out by the Roman historians.

Given the nonsensically high casualty rates, and inclusion of troops whose historical participation in the battles is uncertain, I've reverted the figure to "unspecified". If someone can provide concrete citations for the figures, I'd be happy to put them back, and update the body of the main text to accommodate the new sources.

Additionally, the differing values for those lost to Crassus' decimation have been removed in favor of the more sensational 4,000 figure. I've reverted that as well, since reported values do vary from 50 to 4,000.

Vedexent (talk) - 17:36, 3 February 2015 (UTC)

Problems with lead
Various changes have been made to the lead since the article was featured on the main page. Not all have been beneficial; some of the details added over the years make for awkward reading. To be fair, almost all those changes have been sourced -- but then, we shouldn't need to source the lead; it should be just a summary of sourced content in the main article. Readability has not been helped by the overuse of transitives, and convoluted sentences; perhaps a consequence of adding more detail than the original sentence structure can carry. The changes since then have been minimal, but even the smallest addition can muddy a formerly well-constructed sentence. Here's a link to the main page FA version; for comparison. I intend restoring that version -- it's not perfect (what is?) but it's clearer than what we have, and can be edited. In particular, the long-term significance and consequences of the war belong in the final para. Haploidavey (talk) 10:52, 12 April 2017 (UTC) (also pinging, as instrumental in bringing this article to FA)

Done. Haploidavey (talk) 16:11, 12 April 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Third Servile War


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Talk:Lifeguard

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Article Criticisms
this page has ALOT of problems, POV, directory listing, plain old inaccurate information. I'm not even sure where to begin. A few proposals: * split into lifeguard (very generic) and make lifeguard(ocean) (maybe) Well, lets hear it 71.200.92.220 01:13, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * link to ILS and over reaching national organizations only, don't like your club's directory listing to the page. These need to be removed.  The page is too long already!
 * No link to rip current. This must have been written by someone unfamiliar with rip currents, as not every current is an emergency.
 * anyone notice there is no article on RESCUE BUOY ????? that's our meat and potatoes

 * Wow, this page has been DESTROYED in the year since i have last seen it. I'm tagging this for major rewrite/clean-up.  Why was the link to the british soldier removed.  This is an encyclopedia, not a comprehensive site for your particular brand of lifeguard. If you do not know what this means, do not edit the page 71.200.92.220 00:42, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * If the article is going to go in depth on countries with types of lifeguards I think there needs to be an addition to the rescues section based on the fact that the type of save (more detail than just passive or active) is one of if not the most important things about performing a rescue.Milsteadsr (talk) 14:01, 28 February 2019 (UTC)

Jeff Ellis
someone called Jeff Ellis keeps using this page to promote themselves and their website.

This is so stupid. the person insisting on keeping jeff ellis in is *NOT* concerned with education and information but purely and simply marketing their company.

Has anyone checked if the IP address is from the commercial company???

I agree the JE content reads like a marketing flyer.

Jeff, please leave this site alone. JE is just another commercial training company

tru tru, this is not the yellowpages A ctually, Jeff Ellis and Associates is a lifeguard training company in the US. On the other hand, you may be talking about someone using that name to spam... + I agree the JE content reads like a marketing flyer. Why don't we put the iceream man from bondi beach there as well?

No, the information on Jeff Ellis is legit. Please leave it; it is relavent and accurate.

 the JE content reads like a marketing flyer. Why don't we put the iceream man from bondi beach there as well? Jeff Ellis & Associates is the largest trainer of waterpark lifeguards (and has thousands of pool guards too) in the United States. That makes it legit. Training for lifeguards in the US is done commerically; hence the layout and look oFAGf the site. Regardless of the site's look and feel, E&A has done alot to improve the training lifeguards receive in the US (first to introduce AEDs to the indoor aquatic environment, first to switch to all-equipment-based rescues, and many others). Some folks might think inclusion of E&A is here to promote them. It's not. E&A does alot in the field of lifeguarding, both in the US and abroad. The fact that it's a commercial company is just how the capitalist world works. It's legit - deal with it.

Big deal. By your logic, entries under 'Steel' would have a precis on BHP (the largest steel producer in the world) and Car would have Toyota and Ford ... but they don't. This is not the yellow pages. If you really want to contribute put 'in the US there is no government organisation to train lifeguards - it is done commercially'.

Actually "steel" does have descriptions and links to all of the major steel producers, including BHP (under "Steel Producers," a separate article linked to by the "steel" article). And "car" has links and such to GM, Toyota, and Ford (near the bottom, under "Current Production"). That information, as the info on ARC, E&A, and the YMCA, is there because it is relevant to understanding how these concepts work in the modern world. I've re-added the disputed paragraph. If you delete it again, I'll put it up for arbitration, as per the recommended Wikipedia course of action. I've looked at recent actions like that which center on similar disagreements and those decisions support my point-of-view. Lifeguarding is a commerical entity in the US. Descriptions and links to those commerical entities is vital to understanding that, just like links to Toyota and such are relevant to understanding cars.

wow, someone removed the discussion leaving only one viewpoint. that's a new low.

* Does no-one know how to use wikipedia here? It's not hard to indent or sign your comments. (195.92.168.168 11:25, 16 July 2006 (UTC)) I posted the Jeff Ellis bit. I am a EA Guard at a Six Flags park, and i felt that it would be credible info to put up here. As someone here before me said, ellis has done a lot to improve the industry, and I dont really understand why it was taken down(shot down is more like it) If you(whoever deleted the content) would do some research on the topic that youre editing, and not just kill info that someone puts up here, It would be appreciated. Nathanhillinbl 02:53, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

Wow, looks like ellis has been removed many times before, i see why my bit was removed, but it was all factual, and as a new wikipedian(is that a word), i dont understand why. Nathanhillinbl 03:08, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Jeff Ellis is a commercial entity. As a result, its website won't be listed here. A similarity is that, on the wikipedia article for car, there is no link to the toyota website. I think an article about the jeff ellis corporation or whatever might be acceptable, if proper sources were cited etc. SECProto 23:48, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
 * +1 Benjad 02:38, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Isn't the YMCA a commercial entity too, thus shouldnt be listed here either? Nathanhillinbl 15:12, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
 * YMCA is a non-profit entity. Ellis is for profit. Benjad 02:39, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Also the last 2 external links are commercial entitys, which shouldnt be listed here if the guidelines set by the above people are in effect. Nathanhillinbl 05:52, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

History
The second paragraph of this article states, "The modern lifeguard profession originated in Australia in 1906." With great respect to my Australian friends, this is a very Australia-centric point of view. In reality, the first instance of professional (i.e. paid) beach lifeguarding (of which I am aware) was in the USA in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in 1892. There were a variety of reasons for this first beach patrol to be initiated, but the key issues were drowning deaths due to rip currents and commerce associated with one of the first beach resorts. Shortly thereafter a number of other similar services were established. Australian lifesaving emerged as a volunteer (rather than paid) effort in 1906 after laws prohibiting surf swimming were eased. In the US, what emerged was a paid beach lifeguard system, with lifeguards typically employed by local government. What emerged in Australia was a primarily volunteer effort, overseen by local clubs and, ultimately, Surf Life Saving Australia. Today lifeguards (or beach inspectors) paid by local government patrol Australian beaches, as do thousands of volunteers. There is a mostly respectful symbiosis. It is important to note, as well, that beach lifesaving emerged throughout the world, not just in these two countries. When I have the opportunity, I will endeavor to update this article. Meantime I would refer those with an interest to Open Water Lifesaving, The United States Lifesaving Association Manual (Chapter I is the history section) and Between the Flags: One Hundred Years of Australian Surf Lifesaving (which should be available in March 2007).Bcbrewster 05:27, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

''"The second paragraph of this article states, "The modern lifeguard profession originated in Australia in 1906." With great respect to my Australian friends, this is a very Australia-centric point of view. In reality, the first instance of professional (i.e. paid) beach lifeguarding (of which I am aware) was in the USA in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in 1892." ''

''Do you have references for Atlantic City? My understanding that was George Freeth - born 1883 is broadly credited as the first lifeguard in the US. He would have been a little young to have been a lifeguard in Atlantic City at age nine. In fact he was Hawaiian and lived in California''

RC lifeguarding in Canada
So far as I'm aware, the RC program isn't recognized by law anywhere in Canada. There is talk of it being developed and introduced, specifically in Atlantic Canada, but I don't think that's occurred yet. To the extent that it is used, its basically staff training for waterparks or wave pools, and all lifeguards would be NLS-certified in addition. I'll leave it for now, but that section is misleading or incorrect, so far as I'm aware. I'll change it in a bit unless someone proves me wrong. Mike.lifeguard 16:04, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Done Mike.lifeguard 02:37, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Hmmmm thats what I thinks too Doesn't it say on the Health act that YMCA, RC, Bronze Cross and NLS were all fair game for lifeguarding? and I thought RC and YMCA don't exist anymoreDrunkenforest (talk) 22:14, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * It's a bit more complicated than that. Now that National Lifeguard Service has its own article, it might be worth mentioning there. That would require significant expansion of the history section, which I don't have the time resources to do yet. Anyone else who knows about this is of course welcome to add this stuff. — Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 00:45, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Proposal

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result was not to split

Split up the lifeguard page into a generic lifeguard (existing page-- made generic), and then branch off into country specific pages. I propose we use the same model as paramedic, where there is a generic front end, then see also Paramedics in Canada, Paramedics in Austraila, so the structure would look like...

 * Lifeguard
 * Lifeguards in Austrlia
 * Lifeguards in Canada
 * Lifeguards in Ireland
 * Lifeguards in The United States
 * Lifeguards in The United Kingdom.

Please discuss below71.200.92.220 02:32, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think that is necessary. I would certainly support a split if the article's size was becomming a problem, but currently the article's size seems fine. --24fan24 (talk) 02:45, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Also, I doubt there would be enough significant content for separate articles. --24fan24 (talk) 03:10, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * In looking at other emergency service pages, most seem very US centric (and are tagged as such), and this is problematic. This page is very Australia/NZ centric.  I have examined other public safety sector pages ( police officer paramedic ski patrol fire fighter ), and found the paramedic model to be the most encyclopedic format.  As for populating each page, look at how the current page has been populated... without much doubt the new pages will fill up quite quickly.  71.200.92.220 13:49, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Support - Lets make this main article cover just the general stuff, nothing nation-centric. It's not helpful to wikipedia to have all the different subsections for all the different nations.  Make a series of "See Also" links to new pages for Lifeguarding in different countries.  Nswinton 21:47, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The new articles would be more like stubs due to the lack of content.. Aquatics  Guard Alert 20:56, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it would be wrong to divide the Lifeguard listing. It is up to all Lifeguards to ensure that correct and factual information is displayed for the benefit of all Lifeguards. The attraction of this listing is in it's international dimension. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Balor Mor (talk • contribs).

 * I still do believe that this article should not be split up. There is a lack of content for each of those sections. And it isn't like the article is too long.. Aquatics  Guard Alert 17:42, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I think we should leave it as one article and keep the country-specific content - it is relevant and important. Mike.lifeguard 02:40, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.
 * Just a note that National Lifeguard Service is essentially an article on lifeguarding in Canada. — Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 00:45, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I originally proposed the split by national model statement above. I think it is interesting to see that my suggestion is actually occurring, despite being voted against.  Surf Lifesaving is Lifeguarding in Australia, National Lifeguard Service is lifeguarding in Canada.  71.200.68.118 (talk) 01:29, 22 November 2010 (UTC)

Boy Scouting

 * are boy scout life guards not accepted nationwide? I know that you can be trained as a boy scout lifeguard nationwide so is that not to be considered nationwide training.

 * that is a great point. my understanding is that the BSA is an authorized provider of the Red Cross lifeguarding program http://www.redcross.org/news/hs/firstaid/030212scouts.html
 * Right, so it is the ARC Lifeguard program - not the BSA's. APs exist all over the place, but they offer RC programs. So it is really a question of whether RCLG is nationally-accepted. To my knowledge, it is not because lifeguarding in the US is a fugly mess. — Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 00:48, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Inaccuracies
As an American Red Cross authorized lifeguard instructor, I can tell you without a doubt that there are several inaccurate pieces of information within this article.

The person who wrote the section on rescue types was clearly not a lifeguard. Having taught swimming lessons also, I am familiar with the "reach-throw-row-go" methodology. We lifeguards and instructors encourage lay persons attempting to render aid in an emergency to use these methods in order to maintain their own safety. Lifeguards, on the other hand, are highly trained in how to perform in- water rescues. Those high chairs we use aren't just there for the view. We jump off of them to get in the water and perform the FASTEST rescue possible, not the safest. Honestly, if there is a single guard here who has thrown a buoy to someone or extended a shepard's crook instead of jumping in and grabbing them, i would both like to meet you and laugh at how stupid you are. Lifeguards are professionals, and we put the safety of our patrons first, not some insane guidelines for the improperly trained.

On the other hand, I know that beach lifeguards may use boats or buoys to rescue those far of shore, in dangerous currents, or in rough waters. Might I suggest separating this part of the article based on the environment the guard is in. Ocean and pool lifeguarding are two entirely different beasts. Right now it seems the article is geared more guards the beach guards than the pool ones.

Finally, for those interested in becoming guards, it would be great to have a section on certifications and training requirements for this job. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.38.172.18 (talk) 15:52, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I have to say that your gung-ho attitude is a little surprising in the context of most training around the world, but may be reflective of practice in your area, or the US in general. The ILSF advocates non-entry rescue wherever possible and as a multiply qualified lifeguard (pool, open water and beach) and instructor I can tell you that in a lot of areas you might be the one 'getting laughed at'.  As a rule, if you get wet, you've failed in your job, as you've not prevented an incident, and you've then put yourself in danger for a rescue.  Of course there are exceptions, but every lifeguard i've ever worked would rather use the safest effective method - not the fastest.  I've made the mistake of entering the water too quickly before, as many lifeguards have and was quite rightly told off for it, which I accept as it wasn't the best option.  Excess speed leads to bad decisions- React quickly but safely. OwainDavies (about)(talk) edited at 18:14, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Although I can see your point of view, this is exactly why a split page would be beneficial. All major westernized lifeguard certifications teach in water rescues. They have been consistently teaching in water rescues as the safest, quickest, and (importantly) most effective saves. When a lifeguard is properly trained in life-guarding skills by an organization such as the American Red Cross, they can execute saves very quickly, in a safe manner, while also providing the utmost care. A widely known 'rule' to go by is the 10-10-10 rule. Ten seconds to see an incident, ten seconds to reach the victim, and ten seconds to make the save. I have been a lifeguard for five years now and while preventative life-guarding was "drilled into my head" every single training, we were never punished for entering the water. Lifeguards do have a responsibility to prevent emergencies, but also have a duty to act as quickly as possible to save a patrons life. And as previously discussed it is definitely more efficient to jump of stand into the water and execute a save. This as opposed to running farther from the pool to grab life saving equipment such as a hook.Chipb75 (talk) 20:58, 3 April 2019 (UTC)

History and Law
I came to this article looking for a brief history of lifeguards, expecting to see something like, The first paid lifeguards were likely in (country X) for a celebration on February 29, XXXX. Then the history of the organizations which created the certification and how there came to be competitions, etc.

I also expected something about how lifeguards relate to the body of law. Presumably there have been lawsuits related to botched lifesaving (just like any other medical profession). But more importantly, communities probably require their beaches to have lifeguards as an alternative to prohibiting people on the beaches. Those seem worthy topics to cover in this article. —EncMstr (talk) 16:53, 1 August 2010 (UTC)

Canadian addtions
An editor has insisted on the addition of: "In November 2009, the Canadian Red Cross launched it's new lifegaurd program. Red Cross Lifeguard is a two-step certification program designed to provide candidates with the knowledge and skills to become effective lifeguards, focusing on hands-on practice and scenarios. The Canadian Red Cross Lifeguard program has been developed in accordance with rigorous Red Cross quality standards and will meet all provincial/territorial legislation requirements in addition to being aligned with the international lifeguard standards."

He claims that "no requirement to be extraordinary - just true and representative".

Actually, the first screen we all meet is tht WP:WELCOME screen. It says (in part) "Wikipedia is not ... a vanity press, ... an indiscriminate collection of information..." This seems indiscriminate. If the editor is connected to the program, it could be "vanity." It is trivial. It has WP:POV words: "rigorous". The main intent is to hype the program WP:PEACOCK WP:PR. The reference is not from an outside source and is theefore not WP:RELY. It is the Canadian Red Cross promoting itself. This is fine, just not for a neutral encyclopedia.

This is not a blog, nor a .com site. This information might be of more use there, just not in an encyclopedia.

This adds no value to the text and should be removed. The reader is not enlightened. Student7 (talk) 12:56, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

Sharks
In Australia at least (I don't know about other countries), lifeguards / surf lifesavers at the beach also look out for sharks, and warn swimmers to get out of the water if one is seen. They may also scare/chase the sharks away (from the safety of a large boat!). The article probably ought to mention that (but I'm too busy to add it myself at the moment). Mitch Ames (talk) 13:06, 4 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Wiki Education assignment: Public Writing C1
— Assignment last updated by Zlinaa (talk) 20:49, 2 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lifeguard


text:
User:Slugokramer

"I don't know Karate, but I know Kar-AZAY!" - James Brown

Pages I'd like to make:
 * American Cheese Society
 * Artisan Cheese
 * Meadow Creek Dairy (and possibly their cheeses, Grayson and Appalachian)
 * Jasper Hill Dairy (and possibly their cheeses, most importantly Constant Bliss)
 * Fantom Comics
 * DiBruno Bros.

Pages I have made:
 * Strath Haven High School
 * The Philadelphia Independent
 * Red Diapers: Growing Up in the Communist Left

title: User:Slugokramer


text:
Particle Man

"Particle Man" is a song by alternative rock band They Might Be Giants, released and published in 1990. The song is the seventh track on the band's third album, Flood. It has become one of the band's most popular songs, despite never having been released as a single. John Linnell and John Flansburgh performed the song, backed by a metronome, for their 1990 Flood promotional video. Although it was released over a decade before the band began writing children's music, "Particle Man" is sometimes cited as a particularly youth-appropriate TMBG song, and a precursor to their first children's album, No!, which was not explicitly educational. The song is partially influenced by the theme of the 1967 Spider-Man TV series.

They Might Be Giants' official YouTube account has the user name "ParticleMen", derived from the song title.

Lyrical content
The song describes four different "men": Particle Man, a microscopic being whose attributes are deemed "not important" enough to be discussed lyrically; Triangle Man, a belligerent entity who hates Particle Man, fights him, and wins; Universe Man, a kinder being, who is the size of the universe, and has a watch with hands relevant to the age of the universe ("He’s got a watch with a minute hand, a millennium hand, and an eon hand"); and Person Man, a "degraded" being who lives in a garbage can, somehow feels worthless, and who is also despised, challenged, and defeated by Triangle Man. The song's author, John Linnell, denied the assertion that there is a deeper meaning to "Particle Man", stating on a phone interview filmed for Gigantic (A Tale of Two Johns) that "nothing is missing from your understanding of 'Particle Man. Band member John Flansburgh described it as "just a song about characters in the most obvious sense" and claims that the lyrics are not intended to allude to real people, though Linnell later said that "Triangle Man was based on a friend's observation that Robert Mitchum looked like an evil triangle when he took his shirt off in Night of the Hunter. Nothing else not explicitly stated need be inferred."

Video
Both "Particle Man" and another They Might Be Giants song, "Istanbul", were made into music videos featured on the Warner Bros. animated series, Tiny Toon Adventures and The Plucky Duck Show. Both appeared in the episode "Tiny Toons Music Television". In the video for "Particle Man", Plucky Duck portrays both the title role (as a wrestler) and Person Man (after discarding his outfit), while Triangle Man and Universe Man are presented as massive wrestlers. The video also includes cameos by The Crusher from the Looney Tunes short Bunny Hugged, Hamton J. Pig as a wrestling announcer who lip-syncs the song's lyrics, and Dizzy Devil playing the accordion.

The music videos for "Particle Man" and "Istanbul" are credited with having introduced young fans to the band. Although they were not official music videos, the Tiny Toons selections warranted inclusion on the band's 1999 video compilation, Direct from Brooklyn.

Influence and usage
In addition to the Tiny Toons Adventures music video above, "Particle Man" has been performed by schoolchildren on multiple occasions. In two such instances, the band has obtained recordings of the performances and released them to their fans and the general public. A cover entitled "Schoolchildren Singing 'Particle Man, recorded by a music teacher at an elementary school, appeared on the band's Dial-A-Song phone line, as well as their 1997 compilation Then: The Earlier Years. John Linnell stated that this was his favourite version of the song. Another rendition was done by the fifth graders of the Kingsley Montessori School in Boston. The recording was accompanied by an animated video made by the students, which the band uploaded to YouTube.

In the Marvel Comics series X-Factor, writer Peter David referenced "Particle Man" as the source song for a fictional parody by "Weird Al" Yankovic about the character Multiple Man. A partial verse, which discussed Multiple Man's ability to create duplicates of himself, was presented as a radio broadcast in issue #73. The song was also a minor inspiration to author Terry Pratchett. One of his recurring Discworld characters, Foul Ole Ron, frequently mutters "millennium hand and shrimp". This was a result of Pratchett feeding various texts to a text-generation computer program, and this phrase was a result of merging this song's lyrics (which mention a "millennium hand") with a Chinese takeaway menu.

A cover of the song was used, in part, for advertisements and previews for the video game Geometry Wars: Galaxies. In reference to the nature of Geometry Wars, the part of the song about "Triangle Man" is particularly stressed.

The single "Particle Man" appears on "Dr. Demento's 25th Anniversary Collection," released in 1995 on Rhino Records.

They Might Be Giants

 * John Linnell – vocals, keyboards, accordion
 * John Flansburgh – guitar

Additional musicians

 * Alan Bezozi – drums
 * Skyline Studio staff – handclaps

Production

 * Roger Moutenot – mixing
 * They Might Be Giants – producer

title: Particle Man


text:
Te Papapa

Te Papapa is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is located nine kilometres to the southeast of Auckland city centre, on the northern shore of Māngere Inlet, an arm of the Manukau Harbour. The residential and light-industrial suburb lies between the suburbs of Onehunga, Penrose, and Southdown, and is at the northern end of the Māngere Bridge which connects it with the South Auckland suburb of Māngere. Train services on the Onehunga Line run through the suburb on the Onehunga Branch line, which reopened in 2010. Services at Te Papapa station commenced on 19 September 2010. Carter Holt Harvey's head office is located at 173 Captain Springs Road in the Te Papapa area. It has been suggested that the name of the suburb refers to a fortress built of rock slabs. However, at the time Te Papapa Railway Station first opened the area around was commonly known as "Pumpkin Flat" and a short article in the Auckland Star reported that the general manager of the railways had chosen to name the station after the "Maori long pumpkin or Te Papapa" in remembrance of the commonly used name.

Demographics
Te Papapa covers 0.71 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Te Papapa had a population of 3,237 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 177 people (5.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 360 people (12.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,128 households, comprising 1,572 males and 1,668 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.94 males per female. The median age was 34.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 672 people (20.8%) aged under 15 years, 648 (20.0%) aged 15 to 29, 1,650 (51.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 264 (8.2%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 53.5% European/Pākehā, 12.2% Māori, 25.2% Pacific peoples, 20.9% Asian, and 3.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 35.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 40.1% had no religion, 43.9% were Christian, 1.0% had Māori religious beliefs, 3.2% were Hindu, 2.7% were Muslim, 1.0% were Buddhist and 1.6% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 858 (33.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 366 (14.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $42,800, compared with $31,800 nationally. 657 people (25.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,518 (59.2%) people were employed full-time, 261 (10.2%) were part-time, and 111 (4.3%) were unemployed.

Education
Te Papapa School is a coeducational contributing primary school (years 1–6) with a roll of as of

title: Te Papapa


text:
Talk:New world order (politics)

Why does this article read like a Politico "fact check" piece?
Language like "neither Franklin Roosevelt nor Harry S. Truman used the phrase "new world order" much when speaking publicly" sounds like it's trying really hard to disprove something, rather than actually explaining the concept as an encyclopedia would. And you people wonder why Wikipedia is mocked so harshly as a biased source of information. —Memotype:: T 16:23, 20 January 2024 (UTC)

 * @Memotype Yes, mocked by those who don’t like mainstream sources, eg Creationists, conspiracy theorists, and those way over to the left or right politically. That’s no surprise. But this isn’t a page to discuss Wikipedia or the New World Order (Politics), which is not about the conspiracy theory. Doug Weller  talk 20:25, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * You criticize my secondary point, but don't address my main point. Why does this article read like it's trying really hard to disprove something that hasn't even been brought up yet in the article? This is clearly not written from a NPOV, and your defensiveness only emphasizes my point. —Memotype:: T 18:24, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * @Memotype then put your money where your mouth is and take it to WP:NPOVN if you are so sure. Doug Weller  talk 19:26, 21 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Good idea, thanks. —Memotype:: T 17:14, 22 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I agree that it reads weirdly. How notable is it that two figures didn’t invoke a concept/use a phrase often? It doesn’t seem like it should be included in the lede, and if it’s included at all, it should be in the context of notability, which I understand is some controversy over whether these two used the term much(?). As it stands, context-less in the lede, it seems like a really unimportant inclusion, and I do assume as a reader that there’s some attempted mythbusting happening that I haven’t been clued in on. Zanahary (talk) 04:16, 2 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Turns out that those parts were all original research anyways. Zanahary (talk) 03:14, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Your recent changes to the lead seem to remove quite a few citations. DN (talk) 03:49, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Those citations were (unless I missed some good ones) didn't support the text they were supposed to cite, or were being used for original research/synthesis. Zanahary (talk) 03:51, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * "Indeed, in some instances when Roosevelt used the phrase "new world order", or "new order in the world" it was to refer to Axis powers plans for world domination." The citation from The American Presidency Project states..."Hitler has often protested that his plans for conquest do not extend across the Atlantic Ocean. His submarines and raiders prove otherwise. So does the entire design of his new world order."
 * This seems to corroborate the accuracy of the citation. Therefore I'm reverting your sweeping edit. I suggest you address changes incrementally to achieve consensus. DN (talk) 04:35, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Got it. What do you think of the newer revision? Zanahary (talk) 04:56, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Much better, thank you for the extra effort to find consensus, it is appreciated. I agree the search engine is awkward as a citation, and I'm not sure how policy applies there. Let's see if other editors weigh in. DN (talk) 06:46, 4 February 2024 (UTC)

History
Explain what was the new world order after 1945 103.239.160.49 (talk) 08:53, 12 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:New world order (politics)


text: Talk:Demographics of terrorism

title: Talk:Demographics of terrorism


text:
Cooranbong, New South Wales

Cooranbong is a town in a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie, Greater Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia, west of the town of Morisset off the M1 Pacific Motorway. Cooranbong is surrounded by the Watagans National Park.

The town's name is derived from the Aboriginal word "Kour-an-bong", meaning "rocky bottom creek" or "water over rocks".

History

The Aboriginal people, in this area, the Awabakal, were the first people of this land.

Prior to settlement and development of the area now known as Cooranbong, lived people who identify as part of the Awabakal group. It is unknown as to how long the people lived collectively as a single group and the nature of their interactions through peace and conflict with other people not of their own kin.

The first modern settler was Lieutenant Percy Simpson, who received a 2000 acre land grant from the government and was assigned six convicts who cleared the land, grazed cattle and built a homestead near Dora Creek. Although Simpson only stayed there for two years, one of his convicts, Moses Carroll, became a stockman in the area, eventually becoming the area's police constable. The Robertson Land Act of 1861 allowed the town to grow, encouraging the construction of a Catholic church and later, a school, police station and courthouse (1873), a post office (1881) and an Anglican church. Timber cutting was the primary economic activity, during the 1880s the population reached 700.When the railway was built from Sydney to Newcastle in the 1880s, the line passed around 5 km east of the town centre. The station and associated settlement were originally labelled as Cooranbong but later became known as Morisset. This was devastating to the local economy in conjunction with the significant economic depression occurring in the colony. Consequently, the population declined to 206 people by 1891. This economic depression continued until the Seventh-day Adventist Church bought 1500 acre on the northern bank of Dora Creek where they built Avondale School for Christian Workers (1897) and Sanitarium Health Food Company (1909).

Present day
The Avondale Estate is a Seventh-day Adventist owned estate opposite the Cooranbong shops. The estate is home to Avondale University, a Seventh-day Adventist tertiary education institution, the Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company, Avondale College Church, Avondale Memorial Church, a disused dairy farm and Avondale Retirement Village. A number of Avondale University students and staff also live on the estate in off-campus housing.

There is also St Patrick's & St Brigid's Catholic Church, a small church built in 1906 to replace the original 1861 structure. The oldest headstone in its cemetery dates to 1862.

Sunnyside Historic Home
Sunnyside Historic Home was constructed by Seventh-day Adventist Church co-founder Ellen G. White and served as her home base for six years while she lived in Australia (1895–1900). It originally sat on 40 acres of land Mrs White bought from the church for $1,350 in an effort to provide needed funds for the school development. The home was where she wrote significant portions of her most popular books, including the Desire of Ages, a work on the life of Christ. Ellen White was instrumental in founding Avondale College, and the home sits near the campus. It was bought by the Australasian (now South Pacific) Division in 1960, and they restored Sunnyside. The home is available for tours.

Education

 * Cooranbong Public School (P-6, public)
 * Avondale School (P-12, private Christian)
 * Avondale University (University level degrees, private Christian)

Demographics
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 5,449 people in Cooranbong.
 * The median age of Cooranbong residents was 43 years, compared with 38 years as the News South Wales median.
 * 77.7% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 4.6% and England 2.5%.
 * 88.3% of people spoke only English at home.
 * The most common responses for religion were Seventh-day Adventist 30.8%, No Religion 19.1%, Anglican 13.7% and Catholic 10.8%.
 * The median weekly household income was $1,232.

Notable residents

 * Lindy Chamberlain (born 1948), known for her famous trial, being erroneously accused of killing her nine-week-old daughter, Azaria, while camping at Ayers Rock in 1980.
 * Michael Chamberlain (1944–2017), ex-husband of Lindy, erroneously accused of being accessory in the death of Azaria, pastor, teacher, writer.
 * Elsa Klensch (1930–2022) fashion journalist and television presenter (Style with Elsa Klensch) born in Cooranbong.
 * Ellen G. White known for co-founding the seventh-day Adventist church lived here founding Avondale School.

title: Cooranbong, New South Wales