text:
User talk:Callahan

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 19:49, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Callahan


text:
Castanopsis

Castanopsis, commonly called chinquapin or chinkapin, is a genus of evergreen trees belonging to the beech family, Fagaceae. The genus contains about 140 species, which are today restricted to tropical and subtropical eastern Asia. A total of 58 species are native to China, with 30 endemic; the other species occur further south, through Indochina to Indonesia and the Philippines, mountainous areas of Taiwan, and also in Japan. The English name chinkapin is shared with other related plants, including the golden chinkapins of the Pacific United States, which are sometimes included within Castanopsis but are more often considered a separate but very closely related genus, Chrysolepis.

They show many characters typical of Fagaceae. They are at least large shrubs but some species grow into sizeable trees. Their leaves are usually tough and much sclerotized and have a well-developed cuticula. Their flowers are unisexual, and the male ones are borne in erect catkins. The epigynous female flowers produce a single seed each but are congregated in small clusters. The fruit is a calybium, the kind of encased nut typical of Fagaceae. The calybium (nut) resembles a pointed acorn; the cupule (casing) is hard like that of beechnuts and spiny like that of chestnuts. Three thickened ridges run the length of the calybium's shell.

Uses and ecology
In their rather circumscribed area of occurrence, Castanopsis are able to inhabit a wide range of temperate to tropical habitat and are often keystone species in their ecosystems. They are plentiful in ecotones as diverse as Borneo montane rain forests, Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests and Northern Triangle temperate forests. Generally they are common in Fagales-dominated montane forests and temperate to subtropical laurel forests. In the latter, they are characteristic elements of the climax vegetation in essentially their entire continental Asian range, as well as on Taiwan.

Plants of this genus grow on many soil types, as long as they are not calcareous. Several species have adapted to podsolic, peat bog, swamp and other acidic and/or wet soils, or to the poor dry soils common in arid habitat. Around the Oligo-Miocene boundary, Castanopsis grew abundantly along rivers and in bogs and swamps of then-subtropical Europe. The prehistoric plant community Castanopsietum oligo-miocenicum is the source of much of the lignite ("brown coal") deposits in Western and Central Europe.

Most species yield valuable timber but some have become rare due to unsustainable logging; C. catappaefolia is even in danger of extinction. As noted above, however, perhaps the most important use for Castanopsis wood is in its fossil form. 175,400 metric tons of lignite - much of which was former chinkapin trees - were mined in Germany in 2001.

As with many Fagaceae, the nuts of many Castanopsis species are edible. The trees may be grown for their nuts, but more often they are used as forestry or ornamental trees and the nuts are collected opportunistically. Among many animals, such as tits, corvids, rodents, deer and pigs, the nuts are popular as food too.

Meguro, Tokyo and Matsudo, Chiba in Japan use shii (椎; Castanopsis cuspidata) as one of their municipal symbols. The well-known and commercially important shiitake mushroom likes to grow on the logs of C. cuspidata and derives its common name from this: shii-take simply means "Castanopsis cuspidata mushroom".

Species
Main article: List of Castanopsis species

Formerly placed here

 * Castanea henryi (Skan) Rehder & E. H. Wilson (as C. henryi Skan )
 * Chrysolepis

Fossil record
Fossil species known from Miocene Europe are: These are known and identifiable from their fruit. It is not entirely clear if they belong here or into Chrysolepis, but the pattern of biogeography - with the two genera being most diverse around the Pacific but absent from North America east of the Rocky Mountains suggests that they are indeed correctly assigned to Castanopsis. In addition, two form taxa refer to the remains of these trees, at least in part: the fossil wood Castanoxylon eschweilerense and the fossil pollen Tricolporopollenites cingulum ssp. pusillus.
 * Castanopsis pyramidata (Menzel) Kirchheimer
 * Castanopsis salinarum (Unger) Kirchheimer
 * Castanopsis schmidtiana (Geinitz) Kräusel

Castanopsis praefissa and Castanopsis praeouonbiensis are described from fossil specimens collected from the upper Miocene Shengxian Formation, Zhejiang Province, Southeast China. The fossil leaves are obovate to elliptical with serration mostly confined to the upper 1/3 of the leaf. The fossil cupule (upper part of the acorn) is globose with branched spines, and a broadly ovate nut scar. The fossil leaves and cupule have been compared with those extant in this genus. Castanopsis praefissa shows the closest affinity to C. fissa, and C. praeouonbiensis closely resembles C. ouonbiensis. Castanopsis praeouonbiensis and C. praefissa became extinct in this area because of the cooling climate from the late Miocene to the present day in Zhejiang Province.

The oldest known records of the genus are those of Castanopsis rothwellii and Castaneophyllum patagonicum from the Eocene of Patagonia.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Castanopsis


text:
Talk:The Palace (computer program)

This article is a likely copyright violation of http://www.palacechat.us/history.php. The bottom of that page says "Copyright © 2002-2004 The Palace Legacy Project. All rights reserved worldwide." --Ellmist 19:51, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'm reposting a new stub. Baricom 10:32, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)

Cleanup
I started work on the cleanup. It still needs a lot of work. I will work on taking a good, representative screenshot of the Palace, since the article really needs one. Beasticles 20:04, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

"Korn Korner" was launched in 1997 and revamped in 1998. The developer was Tod Foley of As If Productions. http://asifproductions.com/korn.html

"The World of South Park" predated the Korn palace by about half a year. It was also developed by Tod Foley, and ran a number of regular interactive "TV shows" using "The Palace Viewer" (an add-on that permitted audience members in the Palace site to converse with performers in a popup window). The World of South Park was closed on New Years' Eve, December 31st, 1999, in an online interactive storyline in which staff "wizards" and their fellow users destroyed the online environment one room at a time. http://asifproductions.com/southpark.html

This is Jim Bumgardner. I recently did some edits because I noticed my name had been misspelled as "Baumgardner" and an incorrect reference to the New York Times had been added (both by user AreoXJose). The Palace was created when I was an employee of Time Warner Interactive (not the New York Times). If more references are needed, I maintain a small collection of historical palace design documents at my website, which record some of the early design and planning. https://jbum.com/history/index.html Jim Bumgardner 14 Oct 2020

Proposed merge with Palaceplanet
Palaceplanet has insufficient notability for a standalone article Rogermx (talk) 21:17, 1 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Palace (computer program)


text:
Saki monkey

Sakis, or saki monkeys, are any of several New World monkeys of the genus Pithecia. They are closely related to the bearded sakis of genus Chiropotes.

Range
Sakis' range includes northern and central South America, extending from the south of Colombia, over Peru, in northern Bolivia, and into the central part of Brazil.

Body functionality
Sakis are small-sized monkeys with long, bushy tails. Their furry, rough skin is black, grey or reddish-brown in color depending upon the species. The faces of some species are naked, but their head is hooded with fur. Their bodies are adapted to life in the trees, with strong hind legs allowing them to make far jumps. Sakis reach a length of 30 to 50 cm, with a tail just as long, and weigh up to 2 kg.

Habitat and habit
Sakis are diurnal animals. They live in the trees of the rain forests and only occasionally go onto the land. They mostly move on all fours, sometimes running in an upright position on the hind legs over the branches, and sometimes jumping long distances. For sleeping they roll themselves cat-like in the branches. They are generally very shy, cautious animals. Sakis allow adult offspring and non-related immigrants into their groups unlike titi or owl monkeys. Saki monkeys have been commonly considered to be socially monogamous, but generally only sakis who are pair-living exhibit social monogamy. Females primarily carry infants and male-infant interactions are rare.

Diet
Sakis are frugivores. Their diet consists of over 90% fruit and is supplemented by a small proportion of leaves, flowers, and insects. Sakis, as well as uakaris, engage in a specialized form of frugivory in which they focus specifically on unripe fruits and seeds.

Procreation
Mating is non-seasonal, and can happen any time during the year. After approximately 150- to 180-day gestation, females bear single young. The young are weaned after 4 months, and are fully mature in 3 years. Their life expectancy is up to 30 years.

Classification

 * Genus Pithecia
 * Equatorial saki, Pithecia aequatorialis
 * White-footed saki or buffy saki, Pithecia albicans
 * Cazuza's saki, Pithecia cazuzai
 * Golden-faced saki, Pithecia chrysocephala
 * Hairy saki, Pithecia hirsuta
 * Burnished saki, Pithecia inusta
 * Rio Tapajós saki or Gray's bald-faced saki, Pithecia irrorata
 * Isabel's saki, Pithecia isabela
 * Monk saki, Pithecia monachus
 * Miller's saki, Pithecia milleri
 * Mittermeier's Tapajós saki, Pithecia mittermeieri (disputed)
 * Napo saki, Pithecia napensis
 * Pissinatti’s saki, Pithecia pissinattii (disputed)
 * White-faced saki, Pithecia pithecia
 * Rylands' bald-faced saki, Pithecia rylandsi (disputed)
 * Vanzolini's bald-faced saki, Pithecia vanzolinii

title: Saki monkey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Antpower

Antpower

 * fails a simple google test (pages containing both "antpower" and "horsepower")
 * appears to be original research
 * probably not even correctly calculated

 * Delete. --[[User:Eequor| ᓛᖁ  [[Image:Venus symbol (blue).gif|♀]] [ ᑐ ]]] 19:52, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Unverifiable. [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 20:33, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Original research, but I thought it was a missing single by Adam Ant. Geogre 21:51, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Interesting, but not notable and probably inaccurate. Spangineer 23:52, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Probably an attempt at satire (I also thought it might be a reference to Adam Ant). Wyss 20:24, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
The Source at White Plains

The Source at White Plains is a large urban-style shopping complex in downtown White Plains, New York, owned and managed by 'New England Development'. The Source is located next to The Westchester and Crowne Plaza hotel, and features several major brand-name retailers and restaurants including Dick's Sporting Goods, Raymour & Flanigan, The Cheesecake Factory, and Whole Foods Market.

The Source opened in 2004 and was built on the site of one of the first suburban branches of Saks Fifth Avenue, which closed in early 2002. The mall is connected to a large 4-story parking garage. Within close proximity of The Source are complementary retail developments such as The Westchester mall (featuring anchor stores Neiman Marcus and Nordstrom), a freestanding Bloomingdale's department store, the City Center at White Plains, and the Galleria at White Plains mall.

As of December 2015, the management contract for The Source at White Plains was awarded to The Wilder Companies, based out of Boston and managed by John Tacij.

Danone International has established their headquarters at The Source, moving from their previous North White Plains location. Danone took over space on the top floor of the center, which had been vacant since the closure of the three-level Fortunoff store.

title: The Source at White Plains


text:
Contact image sensor

Contact image sensors (CIS) are image sensors used in flatbed scanners almost in direct contact with the object to be scanned. Charge-coupled devices (CCDs), the other kind of sensor often used in scanners, use mirrors to bounce light to a stationary sensor. Scanners using CISs are much smaller than ones that use CCDs, use typically a tenth as much power, and are particularly suitable for low power and portable applications, often powered over USB.

A CIS typically consists of a linear array of detectors, covered by focusing lenses and flanked by red, green, and blue LEDs for illumination. The use of LEDs allows the CIS to be highly power efficient, allowing scanners to be powered through the minimal line voltage supplied via a USB connection. CIS devices typically produce lower image quality compared to CCD devices; in particular, the depth of field is greatly limited, which poses a problem for material that is not perfectly flat. However, a CIS contact sensor is smaller and lighter than a CCD line sensor, and allows all the necessary optical elements to be included in a compact module, thus helping to simplify the inner structure of the scanner. With a CIS contact sensor, the scanner can be portable, with a height of only around 30 mm. CIS is a key component widely used in scanners (especially portable scanners), electrographs, bar code readers and optical identification technology.

title: Contact image sensor


text:
Dream Story

Rhapsody: A Dream Novel, also known as Dream Story (Traumnovelle), is a 1926 novella by the Austrian writer Arthur Schnitzler. The book deals with the thoughts and psychological transformations of Doctor Fridolin over a two-day period after his wife confesses having had sexual fantasies involving another man. In this short time, he meets many people who give clues to the world Schnitzler creates. This culminates in the masquerade ball, an event of masked identity, sex, and danger for Doctor Fridolin, the outsider.

It was first published in installments in the magazine Die Dame between December 1925 and March 1926. The first book edition appeared in 1926 in S. Fischer Verlag. The best known of the film adaptations is the 1999 film Eyes Wide Shut by director-screenwriter Stanley Kubrick and co-screenwriter Frederic Raphael, although it makes significant alterations to the setting. Prior to this film, it had been adapted for Austrian television in 1969, and a low-budget Italian film entitled Nightmare in Venice in 1989.

The book belongs to the period of the Decadent movement in Vienna after the turn of the 20th century.

Story
Dream Story is set in early-20th-century Vienna. The protagonist of the story is Fridolin, a successful 35-year-old doctor who lives with his wife Albertina (also translated as Albertine), and their young daughter.

One night, Albertina confesses that the previous summer while they were on vacation in Denmark, she had a sexual fantasy about a young Danish military officer. Fridolin then admits that during that same vacation he had been attracted to a young girl on the beach. Later that night, Fridolin is called to the deathbed of an important patient. Finding the man dead, he is shocked when the man's daughter Marianne professes her love to him. Restless, Fridolin leaves and begins to walk the streets. Although tempted, he refuses the offer of a young prostitute named Mizzi.

He encounters his old friend Nachtigall, who tells Fridolin that he will be playing piano at a secret high-society orgy that night. Intrigued, Fridolin procures a mask and costume and follows Nachtigall to the party at a private residence. Fridolin is shocked to find several men in masks and costumes and naked women with only masks engaged in various sexual activities. When a young woman warns him to leave, Fridolin ignores her plea and is soon exposed as an interloper. The woman then announces to the gathering that she will sacrifice herself for Fridolin, and he is allowed to leave.

Upon his return home, Albertina awakens and describes a dream she has had: While making love to the Danish officer from her sexual fantasies, she had watched without sympathy as Fridolin was tortured and crucified before her eyes. Fridolin is outraged because he believes that this proves his wife wants to betray him. He resolves to pursue his own sexual temptations.

The next day, Fridolin learns that Nachtigall has been taken away by two mysterious men. He then goes to the costume shop to return his costume and discovers that the shop-owner is prostituting his teenage daughter to various men. He finds his way back to where the orgy had taken place the previous night; before he can enter, he is handed a note addressed to him by name that warns him not to pursue the matter. Later, he visits Marianne, but she no longer expresses any interest in him. Fridolin searches for Mizzi, the prostitute, but is unable to find her. He reads that a young woman has been poisoned. Suspecting that she is the woman who sacrificed herself for him, he views the woman's corpse in the morgue but cannot identify her.

Fridolin returns home that night to find Albertina asleep, with his mask from the previous night set on the pillow on his side of the bed. When she wakes up, Fridolin confesses all of his activities. After listening quietly, Albertina comforts him. Fridolin says that it never will happen again, but Albertina tells him not to look too far into the future, and that the important thing is that they survived through their adventures.

The story ends with them greeting the new day with their daughter.

Adaptations

 * Traumnovelle is a 1969 Austrian television film adaptation directed by Wolfgang Glück.
 * Il cavaliere, la morte e il diavolo is a 1983 Italian film adaptation.
 * A low-budget Italian film entitled Nightmare in Venice was adapted from Dream Story in 1989. It was directed by Mario Bianchi, mainly known for low-budget erotic thrillers.
 * Stanley Kubrick's 1999 film Eyes Wide Shut, starring Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman and Sydney Pollack is the best-known adaptation. It is modernized and Americanized, set in New York City in 1999 during the Christmas season, rather than in Vienna 1900 during Mardi Gras.
 * Jakob Hinrichs made a graphic novel adaptation of Traumnovelle in 2012.
 * A dramatic reading of the book by Paul Rhys was broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and in 2021, BBC Radio 4 Extra as Dream Story.

English translations

 * 2004, USA, Green Integer ISBN 1-931243-48-4, Pub date 1 July 2004, paperback (Eng. trans)
 * 2004, UK, Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-118224-5, Pub date 6 August 2004, paperback (Eng. trans. by J.M.Q. Davies)

title: Dream Story


text:
Government Hill

The Government Hill is a hill in Central, Hong Kong, bounded by upper section of Upper Albert Road on the south, Queen's Road Central north, Garden Road east, and Glenealy, west of Hong Kong Island.

The hill has been the administrative centre of Hong Kong since the early days of British colonial rule, and has remained so after the transfer of sovereignty. The Government House, residence of chief executive and colonial governor, and the Former Central Government Offices (Government Headquarters), occupied large portion of the hill.

St. John's Cathedral of the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui, the Anglican Church in Hong Kong, is also on the Government Hill. Adjacent to it is the Court of Final Appeal, inside the Former French Mission Building, with Battery Path leading to Queen's Road Central.

Beside the already crowded central business district, the hill is free from skyscrapers and preserved many century-old trees. Higher up the hill in the south is Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens.

In 2011, an application was made to the Town Planning Board to rezone the area as a Historic site, and cap the building heights to the height of the existing buildings.

title: Government Hill


text:
Talk:HMS Belfast

"Largest and arguably most powerful cruiser"
The introduction asserts that Belfast was the "largest and arguably most powerful cruiser" in the Royal Navy in 1942. She certainly wasn't the largest and there is no argument made by the cited source for why she was the most powerful. Country class cruisers were larger by all measures (at all times), and they also carried heavier calibre weapons. The IWM is not sufficiently neutral or reliable as a source (being the owner) and the text has been copied verbatim from their website. I have, therefore, removed the text from both sections that use it, as per WP:CV. Wiki-Ed (talk) 21:30, 13 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on HMS Belfast (C35). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080720065937/http://units.ms-sc.org/City%20Of%20London/About to http://units.ms-sc.org/City%20Of%20London/About
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090615132233/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk:80/media_centre/press_releases/press_release.html?id=15981 to http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/media_centre/press_releases/press_release.html?id=15981

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:15, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

Dazzle
The article describes the camo scheme as "Admiralty Disruptive Camouflage Type 25". Was this a dazzle pattern? It looks dazzle-lite - it's very restrained - so I'm not sure whether to link to dazzle in the article. 87.114.59.23 (talk) 23:34, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

2011 accident - Weiner thesis
I have removed a paragraph relating to a museum studies MA thesis that discusses the 2011 gangway collapse. I've removed this section for the following reasons; the paragraph did not appear to add any new information to the existing text; the paragraph seemed to give undue weight to an MA thesis; the thesis in question gets certain basic facts incorrect in its discussion of the accident (HMS Belfast's visitor centre is not located on Fleet Street); more generally, other errors of fact cast doubt on the thesis' reliability, such as suggesting that Nelson's Victory can be found in London (in a possible confusion with Cutty Sark), and the thesis does not appear to make the point about Belfast attributed to it in the paragraph. --IxK85 (talk) 10:17, 29 November 2016 (UTC)
 * I have reverted a user's edit to this page that deleted some of my comments above. Ref the user's edit summary, I do not believe that the comments were undue or unwarranted. As my original post clearly states, the comments explain my rationale for an edit I made to the article. Per WP:TPO, this edit of my comments seems inappropriate. IxK85 (talk) 15:47, 9 December 2016 (UTC)

I am reverting this back to the edit previousely made, due to the fact that it was indeed unwarrented to cast doupt on an academic work without cause. All points and statements made in the Weiner thesis are cited by reliable sources. Regarding HMS Victory, the vessel is quite often brought to various locations for special events. It is likely that, when the thesis was written, Victory could indeed have been in London. No one should ever cast doubt on any academic work without the auther being given a chance to defend it.Otaku155 (talk) 20:57, 9 December 2016 (UTC)
 * HMS Victory is NOT "quite often brought to various locations for special events" - Victory has remained in dry-dock at Portsmouth since 1922. If the cited source is claiming that, then it does seem that it hasn't undergone adequate editorial scrutiny. MA dissertations are not normally considered as reliable sources on Wikipedia. (And do not refactor other editors talk page comments unless you have a very good reason).Nigel Ish (talk) 13:43, 11 December 2016 (UTC)

 * For future reference and the avoidance of doubt I have restored IxK85's first comment above as it was originally posted in this edit, because there clearly was no good reason for Otaku155's refactoring of it, which was reverted and then repeated. Quite apart from being bad manners, this refactoring conflicts with WP:TPO, which I would recommend as helpful reading for Otaku155. Regarding the substantive issue, whereas referencing a PhD thesis would be debatable, an MA thesis would, I'm sure, not be WP:RS. Nortonius (talk) 14:04, 11 December 2016 (UTC)

Apologies for misunderstanding. I will point out that the error pointed out by IxK85 is cited (with the Victory's own website); perhaps the information in the source material was wrong. Perhaps it was simply an honest misquote or mistake; either way, you should not use it as an opportunity to discredit and call into doubt the entire work, which actually raised some good and accurate points. Why don't you try to contact the author and get the truth? Otaku155 (talk) 03:15, 13 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Specific errors in the thesis are more or less irrelevant for our purposes. Wikipedia does not consider MA theses to be reliable sources. As such, the point is moot.
 * On a related subject, the fact that the bulk of your edits has been to promote this thesis makes one wonder if you have a conflict of interest. Parsecboy (talk) 12:44, 13 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on HMS Belfast (C35). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110725104555/http://collections.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.990 to http://collections.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.990
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110718104221/http://hmsbelfast.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.211 to http://hmsbelfast.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.211
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100406163559/http://lydall.standard.co.uk/2010/03/hms-belfasts-extraordinary-war-service-is-recognised-by-russia.html to http://lydall.standard.co.uk/2010/03/hms-belfasts-extraordinary-war-service-is-recognised-by-russia.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110716074346/http://www.lr.org/news_and_events/press-releases/199277-hms-belfast-to-lose-her-scaffolding-and-gain-two-new-masts.aspx to http://www.lr.org/news_and_events/press-releases/199277-hms-belfast-to-lose-her-scaffolding-and-gain-two-new-masts.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101116030354/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23889394-the-new-hms-belfast-from-russia-with-love.do to http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23889394-the-new-hms-belfast-from-russia-with-love.do
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111002002618/http://hmsbelfast.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.7151/outputRegister/html to http://hmsbelfast.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.7151/outputRegister/html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110718105642/http://hmsbelfast.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.2077 to http://hmsbelfast.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.2077

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 09:27, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Could this ship get under power again?
What this article does not tell me is as to what state the ship is now in? Is it mostly intact or it a hull with some interpretive stuff inside? I mean is it just a floating gate guardian or is it more substantial that with maintenance it could be run again? 86.137.42.85 (talk) 16:00, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

 * We'd need a source for that. Can you find one? My assumption would be that it would cost £millions to return the ship to a self-propelled condition, and that it'll never happen. Nortonius (talk) 17:02, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 16 March 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to HMS Belfast, disambiguation page moved to List of ships named HMS Belfast. (non-admin closure) Note: awaiting technical request to move this page. — KB3035583 talk  02:46, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

HMS Belfast (C35) → HMS Belfast – This ship is very well known and I was going to argue for its WP:PRIMARYTOPIC status, before I realised that the only other HMS Belfast does not even exist yet, and does not even have an article. So this is not even a WP:TWODABS situation, the "disambiguation page" needn't exist, thus this article is the primary topic. I personally suggest it stays this way and a hatnote for the new one be placed, should an article be created.  Lazz _R  13:30, 16 March 2019 (UTC) --Relisting.   SITH   (talk)   22:58, 23 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose we have a consensus to title ships helpfully, the other one is being built, so leave as is. In ictu oculi (talk) 08:01, 17 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Okay but I could repeat my rationale to counter everything you just said. This ship is currently the Ptopic and unless the other ship becomes as significant, it will remain that way.  Lazz _R  15:38, 22 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Support as the clear primary topic. The "helpful" (to whom exactly it is not clear) title will remain as a redirect. Thryduulf (talk) 13:16, 19 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Support We can reconsider this when the new HMS Belfast is launched, or otherwise gains enough notability to merit its own article. At present this is just confusing.  See WP:CRYSTAL. PatGallacher (talk) 18:35, 24 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose Having the pennant number on the article title won't hurt in any way. flixwito ^(•‿•)^ (talk) 09:36, 25 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Support. It's the clear primary topic. Per SHIPDAB "In a few cases, one ship is so much better-known than others of the same name that she need not be disambiguated."  Calidum   01:42, 26 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Support. Clear primary topic, as per the exception listed at SHIPDAB. -- Necrothesp (talk) 16:17, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Note The current HMS Belfast article is a ship index. When a ship index is moved, as it should be in this case, the title of the new article would List of ships named HMS Belfast. So if you do move this article to HMS Belfast, it would be easier to move that article to the aforementioned list of ships article and then move this one to HMS Belfast. Llammakey (talk) 21:30, 31 March 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Belfast’s 6 inch guns. How far will they fire
Is there any accurate info as to how far the 6inch guns would shoot 82.47.47.55 (talk) 11:12, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

 * They are aligned on, and could reach, the M1 services at South Mimms! BL 6-inch Mk XXIII naval gun gives a maximum range of 25480 yd. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 17:11, 2 April 2022 (UTC)

What crew was inside the ship during WW2
I have done research but I can't seem to find who was apart of the Belfasts crew. Evan15577 (talk) 12:00, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Who would you expect to be on-board except crew? Murgatroyd49 (talk) 12:59, 14 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:HMS Belfast


text:
Saki (disambiguation)

Saki (1870–1916) was the pen name of Edwardian satirist H. H. Munro.

Saki may also refer to:

People

 * Saki (given name), female Japanese given name
 * Saki (musician)
 * Saki (wrestler)

Places

 * Saki, Azerbaijan
 * Saki, Bielsk County in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Saki, Gmina Kleszczele in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Saki, Gmina Narew in Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Saki, India, village within greater Bombay
 * Saki, Nigeria, a town situated in Oyo State
 * Saki, Estonia, village in Rõuge Parish, Võru County
 * Saki-ye Olya, a village in Markazi Province, Iran
 * Saki-ye Sofla, a village in Markazi Province, Iran
 * Saky, a town in Crimea
 * Saky (air base), naval airbase in Crimea

Animals

 * Bearded saki, genus of New World monkey, Chiropotes
 * Saki monkey, genus of New World monkey, Pithecia

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Saki (TV series), a 1962 British anthology television series based on the British writer's works
 * Saki (film), a 2017 live-action film based on the manga series
 * Saki (manga), a manga and anime series by Ritz Kobayashi
 * Saki Amamiya, the male protagonist in the Nintendo 64 video game Sin and Punishment

Other uses

 * Saki Corporation, a Japanese electronics assembly machines company
 * Maia language or Saki language, spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea

title: Saki (disambiguation)


text:
Sunset Limited

The Sunset Limited is a long-distance passenger train run by Amtrak, operating on a 1995 mi route between New Orleans and Los Angeles. Major stops include Houston, San Antonio and El Paso in Texas, as well as Tucson, Arizona. Opening in 1894 through the Southern Pacific Railroad, Sunset Limited is the oldest continuously operating named train in the United States.

With three round-trip journeys per week, the Sunset Limited is tied with the Cardinal for the lowest frequency of any regularly-scheduled Amtrak route. Each end-to-end journey takes about two days. West of San Antonio, the train runs combined with the Texas Eagle.

From 1993-2005, the Sunset Limited operated an extended service to Miami, Florida, becoming Amtrak's longest and only coast-to-coast train route. Major stops between New Orleans and Miami included Mobile (Alabama), Jacksonville, Orlando, and Hialeah (Florida). However, the route east of New Orleans was permanently halted in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.

Southern Pacific
Before the start of Amtrak on May1, 1971, the Sunset Limited was operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad. The Sunset Limited is the oldest named train in the United States, operating since November 1894 along the Sunset Route (though originally named the Sunset Express). The Sunset Route (originating in New Orleans) is the southernmost of the three gateways to the West Coast envisioned through the Pacific Railroad Acts. The other two embarked from Chicago and St. Louis. However, the Sunset Route had two major advantages over the other two routes. It was an all-weather, year-round route that did not face the crippling snows of the Wasatch or Sierra mountain ranges to reach the Pacific Coast. Additionally, the other two routes had to assault the front range of the Rockies.

In addition, opened 20 years before the Panama Canal, the Sunset Route vastly shortened the time to reach the West Coast from the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, as New Orleans was already an established seaport for Atlantic shipping lines’ passengers, seeking to reach the US interior. The Sunset Limited allowed passengers to reach the West Coast in a few days, not weeks.

The Sunset Limited was Southern Pacific's premier train. Initially, the Sunset Limited was an all-Pullman train, with sleeping cars and no coaches, running from New Orleans to San Francisco via Los Angeles. From its beginning in 1894, until streamlining in 1950, all the train's cars had 6-wheel trucks and dark olive green paint, with black roofs and trucks. In the summer of 1926, it was scheduled at 71 hr 40 min New Orleans to San Francisco; it then carried a coast-to-coast sleeper from Jacksonville to Los Angeles.

The San Francisco–Los Angeles portion of the Sunset Limited was cut on January 5, 1942. The cut was intended to last only several months to allow for equipment overhaul, but became permanent. On June 2, 1949, the Southern Pacific introduced faster schedules on several named trains. The Sunset Limited was reduced to $49 3/4$ hours eastbound and 48 hours westbound.

In contrast to its earliest Amtrak years, the Sunset Limited, up to its later years, made stops not only at Phoenix, but also at Mesa and Chandler, Arizona.

Amtrak
Amtrak assumed operation of most intercity passenger train routes in the United States on May1, 1971, including those of the Southern Pacific. Amtrak retained the Sunset Limited and initially left its route unchanged.

On October2, 1981, Amtrak began operating the Chicago-bound Eagle (known as the Texas Eagle since 1988) in conjunction with the Sunset Limited. The routes operate as one train between Los Angeles and San Antonio, Texas.

Extension to Florida
The Louisville and Nashville Railroad had operated the Gulf Wind between New Orleans and Jacksonville, Florida, from 1949 to 1971, when Amtrak dropped the route. This corridor saw limited service over the next two decades: in 1984–1985 the Gulf Coast Limited ran between New Orleans and Mobile, Alabama, and from 1989 to 1995 the Gulf Breeze served the segment from Mobile to Atmore, Alabama.

On April4, 1993, Amtrak extended the Sunset Limited eastward to Miami. The train followed the former route of the Gulf Wind between New Orleans and Jacksonville, restoring service on that corridor, and used the route of Amtrak's Silver Meteor south of Jacksonville. It was serviced at Amtrak's Hialeah yards for the return trip. It was only the second direct rail link between Orlando and Miami, following local trains by the Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Coast Line in the mid-1960s.

Schedule unreliability caused the Sunset Limited's eastern terminus to be truncated to Sanford on November10, 1996. Service was re-extended to Orlando on October26, 1997, and the train deadheaded (operated empty) between Orlando and Sanford for servicing. Sanford was, and still is, the servicing point for Amtrak's Auto Train.

1990s accidents
On September22, 1993, the three locomotives and four of the eight cars of the eastbound Sunset Limited derailed and fell off a damaged bridge into water near Mobile, Alabama, in Amtrak's worst train wreck, the Big Bayou Canot rail accident. 47 people died.

On October9, 1995, in an event known as the Palo Verde derailment, saboteurs derailed the Sunset Limited near Harqua, Arizona, by removing 29 spikes from a section of track, and short-circuited the signal system to conceal the sabotage. The attack killed one person and injured dozens of others. The crime still remains unsolved.

Bypassing of Phoenix
On June2, 1996, the Sunset Limited was rerouted to a more southerly route between Tucson, and Yuma, Arizona, bypassing Phoenix. Union Pacific, which had acquired Southern Pacific earlier in the year, wanted to abandon a decaying portion of its Phoenix–Yuma "West Line", particularly the Roll Industrial Lead, that had previously been used to serve Phoenix. UP demanded that Amtrak pay for the maintenance, which they woud not do. This made Phoenix one of the nation's largest cities without direct passenger service; although the designated Phoenix-area stop is in Maricopa, a suburban community about 40 mi south of downtown Phoenix. Amtrak Thruway service, run by Stagecoach Express, connects the two cities.

Hurricane Katrina
On August29, 2005, the Sunset Limited route was truncated east of San Antonio, Texas, as a result of damage to trackage in the Gulf Coast area caused by Hurricane Katrina. In late October 2005, service was restored between San Antonio and New Orleans, as the line through Louisiana had been repaired. Service east of New Orleans was suspended permanently despite CSX Transportation completing repair of the track in January 2006.

Recent years
The Sunset Limited received a modified schedule on May7, 2012, moving its westbound movements from New Orleans to a Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday circuit. The times allow several 7- to 12-hour rides between major-city pairs; for example, overnight between Tucson or Maricopa (for Phoenix) and Los Angeles in both directions.

While most Amtrak trains saw service reductions in 2020–2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Sunset Limited and its existing sub-daily schedule were not affected. The Texas Eagle was reduced to tri-weekly from October 2020 and May 2021, temporarily matching the Sunset Limited.

On July 11, 2023, the Surface Transportation Board announced that it was opening an investigation into the poor on-time performance of the Sunset Limited.

Re-extension to Florida
As time has passed, particularly since the January 2006 completion of the rebuilding of damaged tracks east of New Orleans by their owner CSX Transportation, the obstacles to restoration of the Sunset Limited's full route have been more managerial and political than physical. Advocates for the train's restoration have pointed to revenue figures for Amtrak's fiscal year 2004, the last full year of coast-to-coast Sunset Limited service. During that period, the Orlando–New Orleans segment accounted for 41% of the Sunset's revenue.

Section 226 of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, signed into law by President George W. Bush on October16, 2008, gave Amtrak nine months to provide Congress with a plan for restoring service that "shall include a projected timeline for restoring such service, the costs associated with restoring such service, and any proposals for legislation necessary to support such restoration of service."

In January 2016, Amtrak and the Southern Rail Commission announced jointly that a Gulf Coast passenger rail inspection trip was to be made from New Orleans to Jacksonville, with elected officials among those on board during the February 18–19 excursion. Stops were planned for all of the stations formerly part of the Sunset Limited's route between those two cities. In June 2018, the commission missed the deadline for submitting a request for service restoration along the Gulf. It said that it could not apply for the Federal Railroad Administration's (FRA) fiscal-year 2017 Consolidated Rail Infrastructure Safety and Improvements (CRISI) funding because Alabama and Mississippi were unwilling to assist with funds. Alabama's share would have been $5.3million. The Louisiana governor, on the other hand, was willing to provide the funds. The three states' cooperation was needed to secure the $35.5million in federal CRISI funds.

New Gulf Coast service
On February 23, 2021, following the conclusion of one year of negotiations with CSX and Norfolk Southern, Amtrak officials announced that a new Gulf Coast corridor service between New Orleans and Mobile would start as early as January 2022. Amtrak plans to pay for repairs along the route. In late 2022, with lengthy negotiations with Norfolk Southern and CSX, Amtrak expected, the Gulf Coast service was projected to begin sometime in 2023. However, in early August 2023, it was reported that an agreement between Amtrak, CSX, and the city of Mobile on the design and construction of the station there had not yet been reached, and that the service was now not expected to start until the first quarter of 2024. In late August the working name of the train was reported to be Mardi Gras Service. As of February 2024, negotiations between Amtrak and the city of Mobile are ongoing and a new service start date has not been announced.

Restoration of the Florida Panhandle Service
In terms of the rest of the route for the restoration of Florida Panhandle service, Amtrak stated that their "focus has been on restoring service from New Orleans to Mobile, Alabama," and they would be "willing to explore such service [on the Florida Panhandle] with the state’s financial support." The mayors and city councils of Pensacola, Tallahassee, and Lake City have shown much interest in resuming the service. The corridor would eventually need to be upgraded for speeds greater than 45 mph, and some of the stations require refurbishment or replacement.

, Amtrak's schedules and maps describe the route between Mobile and Orlando as suspended.

Daily service
In 2009, Brian Rosenwald, a now-departed Amtrak executive, outlined ideas for a complete overhaul of the route, including daily service. It was to have the Texas Eagle operate over the Sunset Limited's route west of San Antonio, with a stub train connecting San Antonio (with a cross-platform transfer) and New Orleans. The plans were halted when Union Pacific stated that to get a daily Sunset Limited, Amtrak would need to pay $750million for infrastructure improvements.

Passenger totals would double with daily service, according to the PRIIA study that looked at Texas Eagle/Sunset Limited service. It forecast an incremental improvement of more than 100,000 passengers from the daily service, which is already running in excess of 100,000 a year. In the meantime, the Union Pacific has double-tracked much of the route with its own money. However, Amtrak still lacks the equipment and funds needed to move to daily service.

In June 2021, Senator Jon Tester of Montana added an amendment to the Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021 which would require the Department of Transportation (not Amtrak itself) to evaluate daily service on all less frequent long-distance trains, meaning the Sunset Limited and Cardinal. The bill passed the Senate Commerce Committee with bipartisan support, and was later rolled into President Biden's Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), which Congress passed on November5, 2021. The report is known as the Amtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Study and must be delivered to Congress within two years.

In June 2023, Amtrak submitted an application for a federal grant to increase Sunset Limited service to operate daily.

Return to Phoenix
Since its Wellton Branch closure, officials have intermittently considered different options for how to reopen the line and restore Sunset Limited direct passenger service to Phoenix and potentially launching intercity service to LA. The most recent study was conducted by ADOT in an effort to understand the existing condition of the Wellton Branch and to develop improvement scenarios and capital cost estimates for freight and passenger rail service between Arlington and Wellton, a distance of 90.8 miles. In that study, it was determined that freight demand along the Wellton Branch line/ Phoenix Subdivision does not warrant re-opening the Wellton Branch and that Re-opening this corridor solely for passenger service is not cost effective.

Howewer, in February 2023, the FRA indicated that it was studying a re-route of the Sunset Limited from Maricopa back to Phoenix as part of the Amtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Study ordered by the IIJA. The move would revert a 1996 route change that cut direct service to Arizona's most populous metropolitan area, with stops at Phoenix, Tempe, and Coolidge.

In June 2023, Amtrak submitted an application to the FRA seeking funding for a project to return Sunset Limited service to Phoenix, paired with increasing the route's frequency to once-daily service.

In December 2023, as a part of the Corridor Identification and Development Program, the Federal Government awarded a $500,000 grant to the State of Arizona to study Phoenix–Tucson passenger rail. The new rail line plan would send trains from Tucson to the far East Valley, through downtown and on to the West Valley, before reconnecting to UP's mainline in Wellton, near Yuma. Part of this route would include trackage needed for the Sunset Limited's return to Phoenix service.

Operation
Between Los Angeles and San Antonio, the Sunset Limited consist includes two GE P42DC Locomotives, a Viewliner II Baggage Car, a Superliner II Transition Sleeper, a Superliner (I/II) Sleeper, a Superliner (I/II) Diner, a Superliner (I/II) Sightseer Lounge, a Superliner I Coach-baggage, and a Superliner (I/II) coach. There are two addition cars, a Superliner (I/II) Coach and Superliner (I/II) Sleeper, that come from from the Texas Eagle.

Since 1981, the Texas Eagle has combined with the Sunset Limited between San Antonio and Los Angeles. The rear coach and sleeper cars split from the eastbound Sunset Limited at San Antonio station and continue to Chicago as part of the Texas Eagle. Three days per week two cars are joined to the westbound Sunset Limited for the journey to Los Angeles, with the remainder of Texas Eagle trains terminating at San Antonio.

As is already happening on all its long-distance routes, Amtrak will replace the P42DCs with modern Siemens ALC-42 locomotives by 2027, and the Superliner cars with new long-distance cars by 2032.

Route
For most of its existence, the Sunset Limited route was owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad. The name Sunset Limited traces its origins to the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway, a Southern Pacific subsidiary which was known as the Sunset Route as early as 1874.

Most of the current route from New Orleans westward is now owned by the Union Pacific Railroad, which acquired Southern Pacific in 1996. However, the route within Louisiana and some of Texas was partially sold to BNSF Railway in 1995 in return for BNSF not objecting to the UP-SP merger.

On the portion of the route east of New Orleans, service was suspended after Hurricane Katrina. Those tracks, between New Orleans and Florida, include parts of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad—all now merged into CSX Transportation. Currently, the segment of the former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad between DeLand and Orlando is owned by Orlando's commuter service SunRail, and the segment of track from Pensacola to Baldwin is now owned by the Florida Gulf & Atlantic Railroad.

The train uses the following route segments, identified here by the names of their original owners:

Ridership
Along with the Cardinal, this train is one of Amtrak's two long-distance services which operate thrice weekly. Consequently, the Sunset Limited carried the third-fewest passengers of any Amtrak train in fiscal year 2019, 92,827, a 4.4% decrease over FY2018. It had a total revenue of $10,769,179 in 2016, marking a 7.5% decrease over FY2015.

title: Sunset Limited


text:
Lainie Kazan

Lainie Kazan (born Lainie Levine; May 15, 1940) is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for St. Elsewhere and the 1993 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for My Favorite Year. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her role in My Favorite Year (1982). Kazan played Maria Portokalos in the My Big Fat Greek Wedding franchise. She also played Aunt Freida on The Nanny.

Early life
Kazan was born Lainie Levine in Brooklyn, the daughter of Carole (nee Kazan) and Ben Levine. She is of Ashkenazi Jewish and Sephardic Jewish descent with Russian and Turkish roots. Some of her grandparents lived in Jerusalem before moving to Manchester, England and settling in Brooklyn. Kazan has described her mother as "neurotic, fragile and artistic." Kazan attended Brooklyn's Erasmus Hall High School with Barbra Streisand, for whom she would later understudy. She graduated in 1956. Kazan studied theatre at HB Studio and graduated from Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York in 1960. While at Hofstra, Kazan appeared in school musicals written and directed by a classmate director Francis Ford Coppola as well as actor James Caan.

Career
Kazan made her Broadway debut in 1961 with the musical The Happiest Girl in the World. She appeared the following year in another musical, Bravo Giovanni, and understudied Barbra Streisand for the lead role of Fanny Brice in Funny Girl (1964). When Streisand could not perform due to a throat condition, Kazan took her place in a matinee and evening performance for one day of the show's run. Her popularity increasing, Kazan posed nude for the October 1970 issue of Playboy, which was reused in Pocket Playboy #4, issued in 1974. Her appearance in the magazine opened the door for her to headline and operate two different Playboy Jazz Clubs. Overseen by Hugh Hefner, the clubs were named Lainie's Room West and Lainie's Room East, each on opposite coasts, with the first one located in Los Angeles and the other in Manhattan. Her Playboy photographs inspired the look of Jack Kirby’s superheroine Big Barda.

Along with appearing in numerous supper clubs across the country, Kazan guest-starred on Dean Martin’s variety series 26 times. Other television work includes a recurring role as Aunt Frieda on the Fran Drescher sitcom The Nanny, the mother of Kirstie Alley's character on Veronica's Closet, and various guest roles, including one on St. Elsewhere that resulted in an Emmy nomination. Her other television work has included The Paper Chase, Columbo, Touched by an Angel, and Will & Grace.

Kazan played Maria Portokalos, the mother of Toula Portokalos (Nia Vardalos) in the My Big Fat Greek Wedding franchise. Following the first film in the franchise, Kazan was featured in My Big Fat Greek Life, a short-lived series based on the film series. Other recent film work includes the mother of Adam Sandler’s character in I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry. Although the scene was deleted in the feature film, it is included on the DVD in the special features section. Kazan appeared as singer Ava St. Clair with Kevin James in two episodes of The King of Queens.

A life member of The Actors Studio, Kazan returned to Broadway to recreate her film role for the musical adaptation of My Favorite Year, earning a Tony Award nomination for her performance. She completed a stint in The Vagina Monologues. She has appeared in regional productions of A Little Night Music, Man of La Mancha, Gypsy, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Hello, Dolly!, and Fiddler on the Roof. In 1984, she made a guest appearance on the Faerie Tale Theatre episode “Pinocchio” as Sophia the Blue Fairy.

In the Ugly Betty episode "Fire and Nice," Kazan played Dina Talercio, the mother of Bobby (Adam Rodriguez), who becomes the character's brother-in-law. In 2010, Kazan joined the cast of Desperate Housewives for season 7. She played the role of Mrs. Maxine Rosen, a self-employed business owner and neighbor to Susan Delfino.

Personal life
After meeting musical director-arranger Peter H.B. Daniels on the Broadway musical Funny Girl, in which Kazan was a cast member and he was associate orchestra conductor, the two began a five-year relationship. They married sometime after the 1971 birth of their daughter Jennifer. The marriage did not endure, and Kazan was single again by 1976.

In the 1970s, Kazan was diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Since then, she has dedicated time to public education about DVT.

Beginning in 2012, Kazan became an adjunct professor at UCLA, teaching acting classes and directing her students in drama-department productions. She has served on the boards of the Young Musicians’ Foundation, AIDS Project LA, the B'nai Brith, the California Jazz Foundation, and her alma mater, Hofstra University.

On April 9, 2016, Kazan was injured in a head-on traffic collision. Kazan was driving her car when the collision occurred in Sherman Oaks, California, which necessitated hospitalization.

In December 2017, outside a California supermarket, Kazan was arrested for shoplifting. Prosecutors reached a plea deal with her.

Stage work

 * Leave It to Jane (1959, Off-Broadway)
 * Kittiwake Island (1960, Off-Broadway)
 * The Happiest Girl in the World (1961, Broadway)
 * Bravo Giovanni (1962, Broadway)
 * Funny Girl (1964, Broadway, understudy for Barbra Streisand)
 * Man of La Mancha (1972, Westbury Music Fair)
 * Seesaw (1973, Broadway, replaced by Michele Lee before the opening)
 * Show Boat (1979, U.S. tour)
 * Gypsy (1992, Westbury Music Fair)
 * My Favorite Year (1992, Broadway)
 * The Government Inspector (1994, Broadway)
 * Rags (2006, World AIDS Day benefit concert)
 * Bermuda Avenue Triangle (2006, Los Angeles)

Discography

 * Lainie Kazan (1966) SE-4385 MGM Records (original studio album)
 * Right Now (1966) SE-4340 MGM Records (original studio album; with sleeve notes by Dean Martin)
 * Love Is Lainie (1967) SE-4496 MGM Records (original studio album)
 * The Love Album (1967) SE 4451 MGM Records (original studio album)
 * The Best of Lainie Kazan (1969) SE-4631 MGM Records (compilation album)
 * The Chanteuse is Loose (1977) LK515 Lainie & Co. (original Live album)
 * Body & Soul (1995) 65126 MusicMasters (original studio album)
 * In the Groove (1998) 65168 MusicMasters (original studio album)

As guest vocalist
With Benny Carter
 * Benny Carter Songbook Volume II (MusicMasters, 1997)

title: Lainie Kazan


text:
Hong Kong City Hall

Hong Kong City Hall is a building located at Edinburgh Place, Central, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong.

In the 19th century, the British founded City of Victoria in the present-day Central after the establishment of the Crown Colony of Hong Kong. The Crown Colony (including City of Victoria) was governed by a Governor and Urban Council, there was no mayor or city council, therefore, the City Hall does not hold the offices of a city government, unlike most city halls around the world. Instead, it is a complex providing municipal services, including performing venues and libraries.

The City Hall is managed by the Government's Leisure and Cultural Services Department. The Urban Council (UrbCo) managed the City Hall (through the Urban Services Department) and held its meetings there prior to its dissolution in December 1999. Prior to its dissolution the UrbCo served as the municipal council for Hong Kong Island and Kowloon (including New Kowloon). The UrbCo had its meeting chamber in the Low Block of the City Hall.

First generation

Hong Kong's first City Hall, which existed from 1869 to 1933, occupied the current sites of the HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building (partly) and the Bank of China Building. It was designed by the French architect Achille-Antoine Hermitte and was opened by Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, in a ceremony on 28 June 1869. The current site of the HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building was occupied in part by the old City Hall, and in part by the first and second generations of the HSBC building.

Second generation
The second and current City Hall complex was built in the late 1950s on a 10,000 m2 plot of land on the newly reclaimed seafront, about 200 m from the first generation building.

The foundation stone laying ceremony took place on 25 February 1960 with Sir Robert Brown Black, then Governor of Hong Kong, who also presided over the official opening ceremony on 2 March 1962. The City Hall was placed under the responsibility of the Urban Council.

Since 2009, it had been listed as a Grade I historic building. On 20 May 2022, the Hong Kong City Hall was declared a monument under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance. At the age of 60, it is the youngest as well as the first post-WW2 building in Hong Kong being declared as a monument.

Design
The building complex erected at the present site based on the original design by Professor Gordon Brown, the first Head of Department of Architecture of Hong Kong University, together with his team including Patricia O'Reilly Mayne, was completed by British architects Ronald Phillips and Alan Fitch at the cost of HK$20 million. With its clean lines and stark geometric forms, the new Hall is an example of the International style fashionable at the time. The structure was constructed using steel and concrete, and much of the equipment was of steel, glass and anodised aluminium.

The two separate blocks and gardens were laid out as a cohesive whole, along a central axis. The entrance to the lower block (exhibition hall) of the City Hall formed an axis with Queen's Pier to lend a sense of occasion to visiting dignitaries. On the façade of the Lower Block once had the old Coat of Arms of Hong Kong, which was removed before the handover in 1997. One major consideration was juxtaposing the city bustle whilst maximising public access to the surrounding area. Thus, the out-sized public areas of the Memorial Gardens and the piazza in front were conceived as a natural extension to promote the "freedom of movement and a sense of unlimited space".

Function
The most important civic function performed by City Hall was as a ceremonial location for the swearing in of successive Governors following their inauguration: The 24th to 28th Governors all swore their oaths of office there.

City Hall's Concert hall and theatre have been an important home to the performing arts in Hong Kong since its inauguration. A number of culture events, including the Hong Kong Festival, Hong Kong Arts Festival in 1973, Asian Arts Festival in 1976, the Hong Kong International Film Festival in 1977, and the International Arts Carnival in 1982 were hosted there. The conference room of the former Urban Council was also at the lower building of the City Hall.

The High block once housed Hong Kong's principal public library, until a new Central library was opened in 2001; the Hong Kong art gallery (which became the Hong Kong Art Museum in 1969) began life there on the tenth and eleventh floors. The Hong Kong Museum of History relocated in 1975, and the Hong Kong Museum of Art also moved out of City Hall in 1991.

The City Hall Memorial Garden, located at the north-western quadrant between the High Block and Low Block, is a walled garden wherein a 12-sided dodecagon Memorial Shrine commemorates soldiers and citizens who died in defence of Hong Kong during the Second World War. It is a popular spot and obligatory backdrop for photographs of couples who celebrate their marriage in the City Hall Registry. Within the Memorial Shrine are embedded memorial Roll of Honour and Plaques to combat units who fought in Hong Kong during World War II (1941–1945). Inscribed on the walls of the Memorial Shrine are eight chinese characters evoking the everlasting spirit of the Brave and the Dead. The entrance gates to the City Hall Memorial Garden bear the regimental emblems of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps and Royal Hong Kong Regiment.

The complex also incorporates a three-storey car park, with 171 car park spaces, which was also designed by architects Ron Phillips and Alan Fitch.

Facilities

The second and current City Hall complex has two buildings, a garden and a three-storey car park.

City Hall Memorial Garden enclosing the World War II (1941–1945) Memorial Shrine

The High Block, a 12-storey building, is in the south-western end and houses a number of government facilities:
 * City Hall Public Library, an eight-storey facility, which in the past served as the central library of Hong Kong (9th – 11th floors)
 * Recital Hall with 111 seats (8th floor)
 * Exhibition Gallery, 260 m2 (7th floor)
 * Committee Rooms: two 40-seat committee rooms, each 35 m2 (7th floor)
 * Marriage Registry (1st floor)
 * Maxim's MX fast food restaurant, run by Maxim's Caterers (ground floor)

The 3-storey Low Block is at the eastern end, with the following facilities:
 * Exhibition Hall, 590 m2 (first floor)
 * HK Collectables Arts Shop (first floor)
 * Concert Hall with 1,430 seats and 60 standees (mezzanine)
 * Restaurants and a cafe, run by Maxim's Caterers: Chinese (City Hall Maxim's Palace), Continental (Deli and Wine), and European (City Hall Maxim's Café) cuisines
 * Theatre with 463 seats
 * URBTIX Box Office (foyer)
 * Enquiry counter (foyer)

title: Hong Kong City Hall


text:
Terry Nutkins

Terence Paul Nutkins (12 August 1946 – 6 September 2012) was an English naturalist. He appeared in the UK children's programmes Animal Magic, The Really Wild Show, Brilliant Creatures and Growing Up Wild.

Biography
Nutkins was born in Marylebone, London, and spent most of his childhood there. His parents' house overlooked Marylebone station. He skipped school to spend time with the elephants at London Zoo. At the age of 12, Nutkins went to work in the West Highlands of Scotland, the naturalist Gavin Maxwell having written to London Zoo requesting help from two young assistants to look after otters that he was keeping as pets and studying at his remote home at Sandaig near Glenelg. Nutkins was initially hired for a summer placement, but did not return home and with the permission of his parents he spent several years working and living with Maxwell. Maxwell became Nutkins' legal guardian, and in a Radio 4 documentary Nutkins described living with Maxwell as a "peculiar existence, in virtual isolation, with a man who was as charming as he was difficult, and whose depression led to severe mood swings". Maxwell wrote several books during Nutkins' time there, including the hugely successful Ring of Bright Water in 1960.

At the age of 15, Nutkins lost part of two fingers to one of the otters, named Edal. In the "United Kingdom" episode of the BBC's programme "Deadly 60", Nutkins stated that the otter became aggressive in response to the scent on a jumper that he had been given by a woman that Edal had already attacked and bitten. Edal tore at Nutkins' boot, then attacked his right hand as he reached down, severing the end of his middle finger. As he attempted to control the otter with his other hand, the otter bit his other middle finger and twisted away, severing the end of the other finger.

Nutkins revisited the site of the cottage he shared with Maxwell on the BBC's Countryfile programme in 2010.

In the 1980s, Nutkins was co-presenter of the BBC children's television series Animal Magic with Johnny Morris, whom he describes as his second mentor after Maxwell. He is perhaps best remembered on the show for segments with Gemini, the California sea lion he had hand-reared from infancy. Animal Magic's run ended in 1983 and a year later Nutkins was asked to put together a new animal series, which resulted in The Really Wild Show which he presented from 1986 to 1993. In 1999, he inherited a large portion of Johnny Morris's estate.

Nutkins was part of a consortium which bought Fort Augustus Abbey on the shores of Loch Ness. In 2004, he appeared on Living TV's reality television show I'm Famous and Frightened!, and he featured in the 2007 Comic Relief video. In April 2009, Nutkins co-presented and narrated My Life as an Animal, a BBC Three programme where young professionals and media personalities lived life as animals for four days, sharing living areas, food and sleeping with several farm and zoo animals. Nutkins made an appearance on the BBC's Winterwatch programme (a spin off from Springwatch) talking about how otters had survived the harsh weather in January 2012.

Nutkins was a keen beekeeper and a member of the British Beekeepers' Association. A stone carving of Nutkins was unveiled at the Royal Horticultural Society Show in Tatton Park in 2010.

Death
Nutkins died on 6 September 2012, aged 66. He had been receiving treatment for nine months for acute leukaemia. He died at his home in Glenelg, Scotland, and was survived by his wife and eight children.

Audio book narration

 * The Really Wild Animal Tape Listen for Pleasure (1995) ISBN 1-85848-339-5
 * Animal Magic: A Jungle Story Listen for Pleasure, (1997) ISBN 1-85848-483-9

title: Terry Nutkins