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Steven Caldwell

Steven Caldwell (born 12 September 1980) is a Scottish former footballer, coach, and executive. Playing as a defender, mostly as a centre back, Caldwell won 12 caps for the Scotland national team and has played over 300 league matches in his career, primarily in the top three tiers of English football. Since retiring from playing, he has been working as a Major League Soccer analyst for TSN in Canada.

Caldwell is the president of League1 Ontario club Oakville Blue Devils FC and has served as the assistant coach of the Canada national team.

His younger brother Gary was also a defender and Scotland international and was formerly the manager of Wigan Athletic.

Newcastle United
Born in Stirling, Scotland, Caldwell started out his football career at Hutchison Vale, along with his younger brother Gary. He then joined Premiership club Newcastle United at age fourteen, along with Gary, where they began their football careers. In 1998, Caldwell signed his first professional contract with the club. At some point in the 1999–00 season, he was promoted to the first team, appearing twice as an unused substitute.

In the 2000–01 season, Caldwell was called up to the first team, with Manager Bobby Robson said: "Caldwell's got a good pedigree. I like to put people in when it's right and when it's necessary and I can afford to do it, and not when we are forced to do it. But we are going to have the confidence with the lad to do it. He's a steady character, has indomitable spirit and we like him very much." Caldwell made his Newcastle United debut on 30 September 2000 against Manchester City, coming on as a second half substitute for Andy Griffin, and played the rest of the game, keeping a clean sheet, in a 1–0 win. On 1 November 2000, he made his first start for the club against Bradford City in the League Cup and scored his first goal for Newcastle United, as they won 4–3. Since making his debut for the club, Caldwell rotated in and out of the first team, due to facing competitions in the defence. He then featured four more times for Newcastle United by the end of the year, making three starts. It wasn't until on 3 March 2001 when Caldwell made his first appearances in two months, due to a thigh injury, starting the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against Everton. He later made two more appearances by the end of the 2000–01 season. At the end of the 2000–01 season, Caldwell went on to make nine appearances in all competitions.

At the start of the 2001–02 season, Caldwell was featured three times in Newcastle United's matches in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and once set up a goal, in a 4–0 win against Lokeren on 14 July 2001. Due to lack of first team football opportunities, he was loaned out to Blackpool on a month's loan. Caldwell made his debut for the club, starting the whole game, in a 2–1 win against Colchester United on 13 October 2001. In a follow–up match, he scored his first career goal, against Stoke City in the Football League Trophy, winning 3–2. Caldwell made a total of six appearances for Blackpool before returning to his parent club a month later.

Shortly after, Caldwell was loaned out to Bradford City on a month's loan in December 2001. He made his debut for the club, starting the whole game, in a 3–1 win against Rotherham United on 8 December 2001. Since making his debut for Bradford City, Caldwell quickly became a first team regular for the side for the next two months there and had his loan spell extended at the club along the way. His loan spell at Bradford City ended in late–January, as he made nine appearances for the side.

At the start of the 2002–03 season, Caldwell continued to find his first team opportunities limited at Newcastle United, due to competitions in the central defence, with Manager Robson challenging him to fight for his first team place at the club. It wasn't until on 2 November 2002 when he was called up to the first team and made his first appearance of the season, coming against Middlesbrough in the league and scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–0 win. Caldwell then made his UEFA Champions League debut against Inter Milan on 27 November 2002, coming on as an 86th-minute substitute, as Newcastle United lost 4–1. He then made six more starts for the club by the end of the year. Because of injuries to Andy O'Brien and Titus Bramble, Caldwell appeared three times at the beginning of January, including helping Newcastle United keep two consecutive clean sheets. However, he was dropped from the first team for the next two months, due to illness and competitions. In between the absence, Caldwell made his first UEFA Champions League start against Bayer Leverkusen, as the club won 3–1 on 26 February 2003. He later made four more appearances later in the 2002–03 season and contributed to the club's UEFA Champions League qualification to next season. In total, Caldwell made seventeen appearances and scoring once in all competitions. Local newspaper Evening Chronicle said his involvement in the first team "deserves credit for his unsung contribution"

With his contract expiring at the end of the 2002–03 season, Caldwell said about his future, saying: "I've been in a worse position at this club. I'm not expecting anything at the moment. If the club wants me to stay, I'll be delighted, but I'm 22 and I don't want to spend my time in the reserves. I want to be playing for my country and I won't be doing that if I'm in the reserves." Newcastle United offered a him a new contract, but he rejected it, with clubs like Rangers, Sunderland and Sporting CP were interested in signing him. With an imminent departure from Newcastle United, the club demanded a £750,000 compensation. But in an unexpected turn of an event, it was announced on 19 June 2003 that Caldwell signed a one–year contract extension with the club, having previously rejected the one before, describing it as an "insult".

It wasn't until on 15 October 2003 when Caldwell made his first appearance of the 2003–04 season, coming on as a 78th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 win against NAC Breda in the UEFA Cup, a win that saw Newcastle United through to the next round of the tournament following a 6–0 win on aggregate. He then made three more appearances for the club in the first half of the season. Manager Robson praised his performance in the last two matches. However, Caldwell continued to found his first team opportunities limited, due to competitions and his own injury concern. Because of this, Caldwell wanted to leave Newcastle United if he was not given first team football at the club. At one point, Caldwell was expected to leave Newcastle United on loan but Manager Robson blocked any attempts following an injury of Jonathan Woodgate. After Newcastle United recalled him due to an injury of Woodgate and Griffin, he made his appearances for the club since leaving, coming against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 9 May 2004. Caldwell appeared in the last two matches of the 2003–04 season, as Newcastle United failed to qualify for the UEFA Champions League next season. In total at the club, he made a total of seven appearances in all competitions.

On 2 February 2004, Caldwell joined fellow Premiership club Leeds United on loan as part of a loan swap for Michael Bridges who went in the opposite direction. He made his debut for the club, starting the whole game, in a 2–0 loss against Aston Villa five days later on 7 February 2004. Since joining Leeds United, Caldwell became a first team regular, playing in the centre–back position, as he attempt to help the club avoid relegation once again. It wasn't until on 10 April 2004 when Caldwell scored his first goal for Leeds United, in a 2–1 win against Blackburn Rovers. However, he was recalled by his parent club on 5 May 2004. By the time Caldwell was recalled, he made thirteen appearances and scoring once in all competitions. Following his absence, Leeds United was eventually relegated to the Championship.

Once the 2003–04 season was concluded, Caldwell was released by Newcastle United and by the time he left the club, he made thirty–seven appearances and scoring two times in all competitions.

Sunderland
Throughout the 2003–04 season, Sunderland wanted to sign Caldwell after their efforts to sign him, both on a free transfer and on loan failed. The club opted to wait to sign him on a free transfer at the end of the 2003–04 season. In May 2004, he agreed a move to Sunderland after leaving Newcastle United. The move was later confirmed on 27 June 2004, with the player signed a three–year contract.

After missing out the first match of the 2004–05 season, Caldwell made his debut for the club, starting the whole game, in a 3–1 win against Crewe Alexandra on 10 August 2004. This was followed up by scoring his first goal for Sunderland, in a 3–3 draw against Queens Park Rangers. Since making his debut for the club, Caldwell became was known for his whole-hearted approach to the game and the solid partnership he formed with Gary Breen. Caldwell said that his aim was to help Sunderland reach the promotion to the Premiership, in which Manager McCarthy praised Caldwell for his effort. However, during a 1–1 draw against Wigan Athletic on 28 August 2004, he suffered a knock and was substituted in the 25th minute as a result. After missing one match, Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Gillingham on 10 September 2004 and kept a clean sheet, in a 4–0 win. It wasn't until on 13 November 2004 when he scored his second goal for the club, in a 1–0 win against Leicester City. This was followed up by helping Sunderland keep two clean sheets in the next two matches, making it three in a row. However in a follow–up against West Ham United, Caldwell was sent–off in the 41st minute after clashing with Serhii Rebrov, as the club lost 2–0. After the match, Sunderland appealed against his red card, which was successful. However, his return was short–lived when he suffered a hamstring injury that saw him miss one match. Despite not risking Caldwell return ahead of the match against Leeds United on 26 December 2004, he returned to the starting line–up, as the club lost 3–2. However, his return was short–lived when Caldwell suffered a calf injury that saw him miss two matches. It wasn't until on 4 February 2005 when he returned to the starting line–up against Wolverhampton Wanderers. Caldwell then scored his third goal of the season, as well as, setting up Sunderland's first goal of the game, in a 5–1 win against Plymouth Argyle on 13 March 2005. Despite facing the sidelined during the 2004–05 season, he continued to regain his first team place, playing in the centre–back position for the rest of the season, as the club continued aiming to reach promotion to the Premiership. On 23 April 2005, Caldwell scored Sunderland's winning goal against Leicester City to send his team back to the Premiership, which he successfully predicted. He later said it was the best moment as a footballer. In his first season at the club, Caldwell went on to make forty–one appearances and scoring four times in all competitions.

Ahead of the 2005–06 season, Caldwell said that he couldn't wait to play in Premiership now that Sunderland has returned to the top–flight league. Caldwell made his first Premiership appearance in a year, starting the whole game, as the club lost 3–1 against Charlton Athletic in the opening game of the season. However, he missed the next six matches, due to competition in the defence. Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Middlesbrough on 25 September 2005, as Sunderland won 2–0, giving their first Premier League since 2002. He regained his first team place in the defence for the next five matches, including setting up a goal against Arsenal on 5 November 2005. This lasted until Caldwell was dropped from the first team in the next two matches. It wasn't until on 30 November 2005 when he returned to the starting line–up, in a 2–0 loss against Liverpool. Following his return, Caldwell regained his first team place and started in the next nine matches for Sunderland. Along the way, he received a straight red card in the 60th minute in a 2–1 loss against Fulham on 2 January 2006 after "tripping Heiðar Helguson after the Icelandic international had embarrassingly broken the offside trap". After the match, the club appealed against his suspension, but it was upheld and Caldwell had to serve a one match suspension. Having picked up five yellow cards, he, once again, suspended for one match before not playing for the next three matches. It wasn't until on 11 March 2006 when Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Wigan Athletic and wore the club's captaincy in the absence of Breen, as they lost 1–0. He then captained the side on two more occasions. Caldwell continued to rotate in and out of the starting line–up for the rest of the 2005–06 season, as Sunderland were relegated again in the 2005–06 season. At the end of the 2005–06 season, he went on to make twenty–six appearances in all competitions.

Ahead of the 2006–07 season, Caldwell was plagued with a knee injury that saw him sidelined for a month. He was tipped to become the next Sunderland captain following the departure of Breen and was eventually appointed. Caldwell captained in the opening game of the season against Coventry City., as the club lost 2–1. In a follow–up match against Birmingham City, he " sprained the medial ligaments in his knee " that saw him substituted in the 29th minute, as Sunderland lost 1–0. After the match, Caldwell was sidelined for almost three months. It wasn't until on 4 November 2006 when he returned to the starting line–up against Norwich City, as the club lost 1–0. Despite keen to impress new Manager Roy Keane, Caldwell, however, fall out of favour with him, and he rarely featured in Roy Keane's first team when fit. Nevertheless, Caldwell was later featured eight times since returning before suffering a thigh injury that saw him substituted in the 16th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Preston North End on 30 December 2006. In the January transfer window, he was linked with a move away from the club: Sunderland accepted bids from Championship rivals Burnley and Coventry City. It came after when Manager Keane revealed that the contract talk between the club and Caldwell collapsed. Caldwell was then stripped of Sunderland's captaincy due to his imminent departure from the club.

Burnley
It was agreed on 25 January 2007 that Burnley agreed to sign Caldwell from Sunderland. However, the move was in doubt and expected to see out his contract for the rest of the 2006–07 season. But the move was back and it was completed minutes before the transfer deadline in January 2007. He signed a three-and-a-half-year deal at Turf Moor for an initial £200,000, with a further £200,000 would be payable to Sunderland at a later date.

Caldwell made his Burnley debut, starting the whole game, in a 3–1 loss against Queens Park Rangers on 3 February 2007. After the match, Manager Steve Cotterill praised his debut performance. This was followed up by captaining the club for the first time against Sheffield Wednesday, as they drew 1–1. Since making his debut for Burnley, he quickly became a first team for the side, playing in the centre–back position. Caldwell was also named as the club's captain and endeared himself to the team's fans with his uncompromising tackling and commitment. He then helped Burnley keep four consecutive clean sheets between 31 March 2007 and 9 April 2007. At the end of the 2006–07 season, Caldwell made seventeen appearances in all competitions.

In the opening game of the 2007–08 season against West Bromwich Albion, however, Caldwell suffered a hamstring injury and was substituted in the 31st minute, as Burnley lost 1–0. It wasn't until on 29 August 2007 when he returned to the starting line–up against Oldham Athletic in the second round of the League Cup, as the club won 3–0. Following this return, Caldwell regained his first team place in the centre–back and his captaincy for the next eight matches. This lasted until he suffered two separate injuries that saw him out for a month. It wasn't until on 22 December 2007 when Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Ipswich Town and kept a clean sheet, as the club drew 0–0. Following his return, he resumed his duties as the captain, as well as, his first team place in the centre–back position. It wasn't until on 26 February 2008 when Caldwell scored his first goal of the season, as well as, setting up Burnley's first goal of the game, in a 2–0 win against Coventry City. However, he was sent–off in a match for a second bookable offence against Hull City on 4 March 2008, as the club lost 2–0. After serving a one match suspension, Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against local rivals Preston North End on 22 March 2008, coming on as a second-half substitute, in a 2–1 loss. He then scored his second goal of the season, in a 1–0 win against Southampton on 19 April 2008. At the end of the 2007–08 season, Caldwell went on to make thirty–two appearances and scoring two times in all competitions.

At the start of the 2008–09 season, Caldwell continued to establish himself in the first team, playing in the centre–back position, as well as, resuming his captain duties for Burnley. He stated that his aim was to help the club reach the Premier League next season. Caldwell helped Burnley keep three consecutive clean sheets between 23 August 2008 and 30 August 2008. It wasn't until on 27 September 2008 when Caldwell scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–1 win against Preston North End. During a 1–1 draw against Charlton Athletic on 25 October 2008, he suffered a hip injury that saw him substituted in the 51st minute. But Caldwell quickly recovered from the injury and returned to the starting line–up against Reading on 28 October 2008, as the club won 1–0. Prior to the match against Chelsea in the Round of 16 of the League Cup, Caldwell said he wanted the opposition team to field in stronger players, saying: "I really hope they play their best team against us because you want to play against the very best. I'm sure they'll play a strong team, they seem to have been doing it in other rounds of the cup and you want to play against people like Nicolas Anelka, John Terry and Frank Lampard because they're at the very top of football." However in a match, he captained Burnley throughout the match to extra time until his sending off in the 116th minute for a second bookable offence, as the club won 5–4 in the penalty shootout following a 1–1 draw. After serving a one match suspension, Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Doncaster Rovers on 22 November 2008 and helped Burnley keep a clean sheet, in a 0–0 draw. Once again, he received a straight red card after dragging Richie Wellens back inside the area, in a 2–1 loss against Doncaster Rovers on 28 December 2008. After serving a two match suspension, Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Swansea City on 10 January 2009, as the club lost 2–0. It wasn't until on 21 March 2009 when Caldwell scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against Plymouth Argyle. He then helped the club reach the play–offs after beating Bristol City 4–0 in the last game of the season. Caldwell then helped Burnley beat Reading 3–0 in the semi–finals of the Football League Championship play-off to reach the final. The highlight of Caldwell's Burnley career was lifting the Football League Championship play-off trophy as captain after beating Sheffield United 1–0 to play in the Premier League next season. However, he expressed mixed emotions, due to his former club, Newcastle United, being relegated. At the end of the 2008–09 season, Caldwell made 57 starts throughout the season, as the Scottish international was a virtual ever-present in the Clarets back-line.

However at the start of the 2009–10 season, Caldwell suffered a groin injury while on international duty and was sidelined for a month. After making a recovery, he returned to the substitute bench for a match against Tottenham Hotspur and didn't make a return on 3 October 2009, starting the whole game, in a 2–1 win against Birmingham City. Following his return, Caldwell regained his first team place, starting seven matches between 18 October 2009 and 20 December 2009. He scored his first goal for the club, scoring from a header, in a 1–1 draw against Aston Villa on 21 November 2009. In a follow–up match against West Ham United, Caldwell received a straight red card for "hauling down Zavon Hines", as Burnley lost 5–3. After serving a one match suspension, Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Fulham on 12 December 2009, as the club drew 1–1. However during a 2–0 loss against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 20 December 2009, he suffered a groin injury and was substituted in the 67th minute. After the match, it was announced that Caldwell was eventually sidelined for three months. It wasn't until on 10 April 2010 when he returned to the first team, coming on as an 85th-minute substitute, in a 4–1 win against Hull City. Caldwell was later featured three more matches in the remaining matches of the 2009–10 season, including captaining against Tottenham Hotspur in the last game of the season, as the club were relegated from the Premier League.

Having made thirteen appearances and scoring once in all competitions, he was released by Burnley at the end of his contract following the 2009–10 season.

Wigan Athletic
On 23 August 2010, he signed a one-year deal with Wigan Athletic, again joining up with his brother Gary, having trained with the club earlier this month.

He made his debut for Wigan Athletic on 24 August 2010, a day after signing, against Hartlepool United in the League Cup second round match, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3–0 victory. Caldwell made his league debut for the club on 16 October 2010 away against Newcastle United, his former club, at St James Park in a 2–2 draw as Newcastle United came from 2–0 down to gain a point. However, he found himself placed on the substitute bench for most of the season. At times, Caldwell was called up to the starting line–up following Wigan's defensive crisis. For the first time in their professional club career, the Caldwell brothers played together in a centre–back against Arsenal on 22 January 2011, in a 3–0 loss. They later played together on two occasions, coming against West Bromwich Albion and Bolton Wanderers. At the end of the 2010–11 season, he went on to make fifteen appearances in all competitions.

Following this, Caldwell was released when his contract expired at the end of the season.

Birmingham City

On 7 July 2011, Caldwell signed a two-year contract with Birmingham City, newly relegated to the Championship.

He made his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2011–12 Football League Championship season, playing the whole of a 2–1 defeat at Derby County. He came close to opening the scoring in the Europa League play-off round first leg against Portuguese club Nacional, the first time that Birmingham had participated in major European competition for nearly 50 years, when his placed header struck the foot of the post. In the return, Caldwell helped the club beat Nacional 3–0 advance to the Group Stage. Since making his debut for Birmingham City, he quickly became a first team regular, forming a centre–back partnership with Curtis Davies. Caldwell then helped the club keep four consecutive clean sheets between 16 October 2011 and 29 October 2011. His performance was praised by Manager Chris Hughton for his dedication and commitment to the team. In return, he praised his philosophy, comparing it to his former manager Owen Coyle and even going far as to say "the best sort of manager to play for". Caldwell also captained Birmingham City's matches in the UEFA Europa League group stage, as they were eliminated. He successfully predicted that if the club failed to qualify for the Europa League knockout stage, it would be a disappointment. Once again, Caldwell helped the club keep four consecutive clean sheets between 14 January 2012 and 28 January 2012. In the absence of Stephen Carr and Liam Ridgewell, he captained Birmingham City for the rest of the 2011–12 season. Caldwell stated on two occasions that the club can win the promotion back to the Premier League. However in a match against Ipswich Town on 17 April 2012, he suffered a groin injury and was substituted in the 35th minute, as Birmingham City drew 1–1. After the match, it was announced that Caldwell was sidelined for the rest of the 2011–12 season. He previously missed a match against Watford on 28 August 2011. Caldwell's groin injury was considered to be a loss among the club's supporters, considering his contribution he has done this season so far. However in his absence, Birmingham City lost 3–2 against Blackpool in the semi–finals of the Championship play–offs. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Caldwell went on to make fifty–two appearances in all competitions.

Ahead of the 2012–13 season, Caldwell made his return from injury for Birmingham City and featured in a first half friendly match against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 21 July 2012, as the club drew 2–2. He continued to go to the rehabilitation to recover from his groin injury, with Manager Lee Clark saying the situation is monitoring carefully. At the start of the 2012–13 season, Caldwell scored his first goal for Birmingham City on 14 August 2012 in a 5–1 win over Barnet in the League Cup. Since then, he continued to regain his first team place, forming a centre–back partnership with Davies, as well as, resuming his duties as captain. However, Caldwell was dropped to the substitute bench for the next two matches between 27 November 2012 and 30 November 2012. But he returned to the starting line–up against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 8 December 2012, as the club lost 1–0. Caldwell then started in the first team for the next fifteen matches, as well as, resuming his captain duties. It wasn't until on 19 January 2013 when he scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–2 draw against Brighton & Hove Albion. However in a match against Hull City on 2 March 2013, Caldwell suffered an illness that saw him substituted in the 37th minute, as Birmingham City lost 5–2. However since returning from the illness, he found himself placed on the substitute bench, with Paul Robinson preferred for the rest of the 2012–13 season. Despite this, Caldwell went on to make thirty–eight appearances and scoring two times in all competitions.

Toronto FC
In May 2013, Birmingham confirmed that they would not be taking up their option to extend Caldwell's contract, and he signed for Canadian club Toronto FC of Major League Soccer on loan for the remaining few weeks of that contract.

Caldwell made his debut for the club on 18 May 2013, in the starting eleven at home to the Columbus Crew, and was "bitterly disappointed" by the 1–0 defeat. After his contract expired with Birmingham, he signed a two-and-a-half-season contract with Toronto FC, after helping improve the team's goals-against average from 1.5 to 1.0 goals a game. Caldwell scored his first goal with the club on 3 July 2013 in a 3–3 home draw to Canadian rivals, Montreal Impact. On 13 July 2013, he became Toronto FC's sixth team captain in the franchise's history after incumbent captain Darren O'Dea was transferred to another club. Since joining the club, Caldwell became a first team regular for the rest of the 2013 season. However in a match against Sporting Kansas City on 21 September 2013, he received a straight red card in the 86th minute for a foul on Josh Garner, as Toronto lost 2–1. Despite this, Caldwell went on to make twenty–three appearances and scoring once in all competitions. In December 2013, readers of "Waking the Red", a Toronto news site, voted him as the team's best player of the 2013 season. He was given a similar honour by the Red Patch Boys.

At the start of the 2014 season, Caldwell continued to be in the first team regular, playing in the centre–back position, as well as, resuming his captain duties for Toronto. He then played in 2014 Canadian Championship against Montreal Impact, as the club lost 2–1 on aggregate. However along the way, Caldwell faced two suspensions, including being sent–off against Sporting Kansas City on 24 May 2014. By mid–July, however, he suffered a quad tear that saw him sidelined for a month. It wasn't until on 24 August 2014 when Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Chicago Fire, only to suffer an injury and substituted in the 22nd minute, as Toronto drew 2–2. Following the match, it was announced that he was sidelined for several weeks, having failed to recover from a quad injury. It wasn't until on 21 September 2014 when Caldwell returned to the starting line–up against Chivas USA and helped the club keep a clean sheet, winning 3–0. Following his return, he started in the remaining six matches of the 2014 season for Toronto. At the end of the 2014 season, Caldwell went on to make twenty–four appearances in all competitions. Reflecting in the season, he tweeted his frustration but determined to help the club get back on track next season.

Ahead of the 2015 season, Caldwell was demoted from team captain following the promotion to captain of designated player and American national team mainstay Michael Bradley. He made two appearances for Toronto before suffering an achilles tendon problems during a match against Columbus Crew on 14 March 2015. As a result, Caldwell was sidelined for a month. As a result of his injury, Caldwell announced his retirement from professional football on 14 July 2015. He retired four months after his brother, Gary.

Youth Team
In March 2000, Caldwell was called up to the Scotland U21 squad for the first time. He made his U21 debut, starting the whole game, in a 2–0 loss against France U21 on 28 March 2000. Caldwell then played alongside Gary for the first time for Scotland U21, as the U21 side lost 1–0 against Belgium U21. He later made three more appearances for Scotland U21 later in 2001. The next two years saw him make two appearances for the U21 side, making a total of ten appearances.

In November 2002, Caldwell was called up for the Scotland B team for the first time. He then started the whole game, as the national side B team drew 3–3 against Germany B on 18 December 2002. A year later, Caldwell, once again, called up to Scotland B Team once again. He then scored his first goal for the national B Team, as they drew 3–3 against Turkey Future on 10 December 2003. After the match, Caldwell criticised Turkey, calling them a "cheat".

Senior career
In April 2001, Caldwell was called up to the senior squad for the first time after breaking into the Newcastle United's first team. He made his debut for Scotland in a 1–1 draw away in Poland at the Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium on 25 April 2001.

His home debut came on 12 February 2003 in a 2–0 defeat to the Republic of Ireland at Hampden Park. However, Caldwell did not play for the national side for rest of 2003, as Manager Berti Vogts placed him on the substitute bench and they did not qualify for the UEFA Euro 2004. It wasn't until on 18 February 2004 when he returned to the starting line–up for Scotland, as they lost 4–0 against Wales. Three months later on 30 May 2004 against Trinidad and Tobago, Caldwell came on for his brother in the 79th minute, and played the remaining match, as the national side won 4–1.

He played twice in Scotland's qualification for the 2006 World Cup, in a 1–1 draw with Moldova at the Zimbru Stadium in Chişinău, playing alongside Gary for the first time (they were the first siblings to play together for the national team since the 1940s) and a 3–0 away win over Slovenia at the Arena Petrol in Celje. However, Caldwell expressed his frustration on being overlooked from the national team squad, though he later credited new Manager Walter Smith for reviving his Scotland's career.

Having been a year without being called up to the national team squad, Caldwell maintained that he's still open to be called up for Scotland. It wasn't until on 5 August 2009 when Caldwell was called up to the national team squad for the first time in three years. He played alongside Gary against Norway on 12 August 2009 until his younger brother was sent–off in the 13th minute before being substituted himself in the 48th minute, as Scotland lost 4–0 in the national side's 2010 World Cup qualification. After the match, Caldwell spoke about the match, describing it as a "freak result" Eventually, he did not play for the national side for the rest of the year, as Scotland finished third, behind Norway, in their qualifying group.

It wasn't until on 11 November 2010 when Caldwell was called up to the national team squad for over a year. He briefly captained Scotland when a substitution took place in a 3–0 win against the Faroe Islands on 16 November 2010. His twelfth and final full cap came against Northern Ireland in the 2011 Nations Cup. In total, Caldwell won twelve caps for Scotland at senior international level. Reflecting on his time at the national side, he said: "I think I was unlucky at times with Scotland. I think there was a certain snobbery about playing in Scotland at the time. Guys who played with Scottish clubs got caps that I was better than. I sit here and I'm bloody proud of those 12 caps I won. I'm especially proud and will be forever proud of the three or four I played with my brother. I can't ever really get across what that feels like, what that means for me, for him, for the two of us. It's one of my greatest achievements in football. I got two late Scotland caps when I was playing for Wigan and I'm really, really proud of those. I felt like it was the start of this era that we're in now. We had these young guys coming through – Steven Naismith, James Morrison, James McArthur. Kenny Miller was captain in that last game [against Northern Ireland in Dublin in 2011] and as he went off, he gave me the armband. It was another honour. Whatever the game, to have worn the Scottish armband, that was an incredible feeling."

Broadcasting
Caldwell became an in-game and studio analyst with Canadian network TSN starting in 2016.

Oakville Blue Devils
In February 2019, Caldwell was named president of Oakville Blue Devils FC of League1 Ontario, the third division in the Canadian soccer league system.

Canada
Caldwell became an assistant coach of the Canada men's national soccer team under John Herdman in September 2019.

Personal life
Growing up, Caldwell idolised Kenny Dalglish, who he played under while at Newcastle United, and Mick McCarthy, who played a role in his joining Sunderland in 2004. Caldwell also grew up supporting Celtic, which Gary ended up playing for.

Caldwell is separated and has two children, Will and Robbie, from a previous marriage. Having lived in England, Caldwell and his family immigrated to Canada after joining Toronto.

Throughout his professional career, Caldwell spoke about his relationship on his younger brother, Gary on playing together for Scotland, which happened. At one point, Steven (then at Burnley) and Gary (Wigan Athletic) almost faced each other prior to a match between Burnley and Wigan Athletic, but his injury prevented him doing so.

Honours
Sunderland
 * Football League Championship: 2004–05

Burnley
 * Football League Championship play-off winners: 2008–09

Individual
 * Red Patch Boys Player of the Year: 2013

title: Steven Caldwell


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On Wikivacation. I will be checking my Talk page—as rarely as I can help it :D. ...and maybe Partition of India. '''You can help me resist Wikitemptation by helping with '''Africa-related, Islam-related, and South Asia-related topics.

User page in main namespace
Hi IFaqeer! I noticed that your user page redirects to the article IFaqeer, which is in the main article namespace. Since the main article namespace is for encyclopedia articles, your user page shouldn't be there (that's not a jab against you -- nearly all Wikipedians are unencyclopedic ;-) I'm going to list the IFaqeer page on Votes for deletion, where others will chime in. (Please don't take offense to what some folks might say -- they're often harsh when it comes to vanity pages.) The IFaqeer page will probably be deleted in about a week; to preserve its contents, you might want to do a cut & paste job over to your real user page at User:IFaqeer. Best wishes, Diberri | Talk 18:16, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)

Usernames are Case-Sensitive?!!
For some reason, my username is set to User:IFaqeer--not User:iFaqeer, not User:ifaqeer, not User:Ifaqeer, but User:IFaqeer! That is frustrating.

 * I agree! I would rather have been benc myself. It may be possible to fix this internally by submitting a request at Changing username. Alternately, you can just use a nickname as explained at m:Help:Preferences (which is what you're doing already, I think?) • Benc • 03:26, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's pretty much what I am doing. Thanks for the help.--iFaqeer 03:52, Sep 14, 2004 (UTC)

Thakhallus
Hi iFaqeer — please let me offer a belated welcome to the Wikipedia. :-) It's good to have you here: looking over your contributions, I see you've edited many India-related articles, which is excellent. The Wikipedia is a little on the U.S.-centric side, though we aspire not to be.

Anyway, about the Thakhallus article that you wrote. I agree with you that it doesn't have much potential to grow. To be honest, I added the tag (which is a request to other editors for article expansion) with reservations. I initially considered listing it on Votes for deletion, because it's technically a dicdef. As the Wikipedia is not a dictionary policy says, dicdefs don't have the potential to grow. So rather than having millions of dictionary definitions, we have a sister project for these entries, the Wiktionary.

My suggestion? First, redirect the Thakhallus article to Urdu poetry. Then, add a thakhallus entry to the Wiktionary. In the future, avoid creating articles that don't have the potential to grow into a full-fledged encyclopedia article. Does this sound like a good solution to you? • Benc • 03:22, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. Just looked it up and saw that the Wiktionary is multi-lingual. I will look into that. One point is that I see there being a difference between a dictionary definition and an encyclopedia entry. And this term is an important piece of figuring out the structures and formats of Urdu poetry in general and the ghazal form in particular. I will be working on that further. See Talk:Ghazal.

 * Just looked at the Wiktionary again. Wow! You mean I will have to work on two projects now? Seriously, that is actually exciting. Being a "communication major" I might actually end up more involved in the Wiktionary...--iFaqeer 03:59, Sep 14, 2004 (UTC)

British India
I just discovered British India. I am proposing that we use that for stuff that happened under that geo-political entity. What say?--iFaqeer 04:40, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

Unfortunately, it's not that simple. British only fully exercized control over most of India after the 1860's, when the East India Company gave way to the monarchy. In that sense, while the British exerted powerful control in India for upto 100 years, India was not "British India" for more than 90 years. When we're talking about movements, like literature, or histories of peoples, that extend across kingship and political and historical period boundaries, India is the safest and, beyond all, most accurate term to use. The usage can, of course, be qualified by mentioning the particular state or region in which the person or event in question is situated.--LordSuryaofShropshire 18:05, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

Ah, but now you're saying what I was saying, that limiting a poet or artist to one, rather limited geography doesn't do them justice. Like saying that the Buddha was an Indian religious leader.

You didn't address the issue of India being specifically a link to something describing the Republic of India--iFaqeer 18:44, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * Not really. It is accepted that there's been an idea of India, under the names Bharat, Hindustan and India in different eras, referring to the same larger geographic and morphing cultural entity. No one means anything different when these names are mentioned. As for the India article going to Republic of India, the article in question clearly discusses India's history and states that the nation-state was only created but 58 years ago. The general lay of the land, the bulk of ancient, medieval and British India, however, is still located on the modern Republic of India. There is a clear connection running through the histories and for this reason a "History of India" would go from the early Harappans and Mohenjodarans (now located in Pakistan) to the Aryan migration to the development of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism to the Mughals to the British to the present state of India. Pakistan and Bangladesh were carved from a greater India; it was not the other way round. Iqbal, in spite of his desire for a Muslim state, also spoke not of his "British India" but Hindustan... "Sare jahaan se acchha, hindustan humara / Hum bulbulein hain iski, is gulsitaan humara." Can you now argue that even Urdu poets of the British era considered themselves to be part of India? No. --LordSuryaofShropshire 18:51, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

I am sorry I have to deal with it this way, but unless we create India (disambiguation or something of the nature of Hindustan, I don't buy it. I understand that "Al-Hind"/"Hindustan"/Bharat/etc. has existed over the millenia and been seen to. But I am not satisfied with a link going from, say Faiz to a page that starts out with an intro to the Republic of India. Over 300 million people live in what you want to describe as India, but who do not see themselves as Indian in any way, shape or form. I am not saying we drop the use of the term. I am just saying that we find a better way of characterising this. Ghalib saw himself as Hindustani, yes. But I doubt he considered himself Indian.

I sincerely wish we could use Hindustan as a way to describe the Subcontinent; but that's not something that will happen any time soon, since even most Pakistanis see that as a counter-point to Pakistan.

Last point; I just saw that you have introduced the concept of a "greater India" in there. While this might have its technical merits, please, please, please take a minute to consider the implications and baggage that phrase might have in people's minds in terms of being associated with the chauvinistic dream of nationalistic fanatics of creating a Greater India.--iFaqeer 19:03, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not concerned with paranoid fanatics. I'm concerned with writing things as they are. In spite of your weasling with the term, people born in 'British India' were Indians, considered themselves Indians, though some felt religious pressures, and for this reason the major organizations under the Raj were often called, gee, yes, Indian. Indian Administrative Services, etc. It's the term that's used and the India page explains the situation clearly. In addition, it's clearly written on this Faiz page that he was born in a Sialkot still a part of undivided India (That's a common term! See? It's not an invention of nationalists) and subsequently a part of a new Pakistan; it's mentioned that he then stayed in Pakistan and was hence a Pakistani. Lastly, it's called the Partition of India, not the Partition of British India; there's a reason for that. We can't go changing names willy-nilly in retrospect in an effort to revise history to accord with some people's hyper-sensitive national leanings. --LordSuryaofShropshire 19:16, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * This is not "some people"; it's 300 million normal people, 5% of humanity. And you had put in "greater India" (a term with lots of other baggage), not "undivided India", which I might be okay with.--iFaqeer 19:17, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * Though what do you think of "pre-independence India"--better/less good than "undivided India"?--iFaqeer 19:19, Sep 15, ]]

 * No, we're not talking about 300 million people. For one thing, most sane individuals in Pakistan and Bangladesh will understand what one says when one says India in reference to pre-1947 history. Secondly, most Bangladeshis don't see eye-to-eye with Pakistanis and would probably laugh to the heavens were they to be asked to say "Indo-pak subcontinent." Even my Pakistani friends think it's stupid. Remember how much flak Indians got when they tried to retroactively change Bombay to Mumbai? The whole idea about these names is that they be understood in context. Greater, undivided, pre-independence, etc. all describe the same thing, India. As for your edit, I've mentioned on the Faiz page that it looks fine.--LordSuryaofShropshire 19:26, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

Pray, have you been to Pakistan? Bangladesh? You are predicting what they will think? Or mandating it? And names matter; as the Bombay/Mumbai thing shows. Or the "War of Independence"/"Mutiny" thing does. Though on the whole, especially in an encyclopedia, as I said on the 1857 issue, I am for providing explicit information on the name issue; IMHO, the picture is incomplete if we just pick a one characterization, since it gives the impression that it is undisputed.--iFaqeer 19:33, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * This is nothing to dispute. It's India. The Bombay/Mumbai issue is not relevant here because no one's calling historical Bombay "Mumbai". When one speaks, say, of a film in that city in the 60's one will call it Bombay. As for Pakistan, I've never been but my family's closest friends are Pakistanis (who grew up there); I also, individually, have two close Pakistani friends who were raised in Lahore and Karachi. As for Bangladesh, being half-Bengali (of the West) and half-Rajasthani, I speak Bengali and interact with Bangladeshis all the time in my city of New York, where, if you didn't know, there are huge populations of them all over. I also happen to have a good friend who's Bangladeshi (the girlfriend of my Pakistani friend). So, yes, I do happen to know something first-hand, if not nothing. Anyway, even someone living there cannot claim some sense of authority since he/she is but one of many millions.

 * But beyond all this nonsense, we're not writing articles to cater to a minority population (this is international academic writing, not nationalist propaganda); we're using objective and accurate fact-telling English to describe various items of interest.--LordSuryaofShropshire 19:44, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

Urdu literature
While I foresee a windstorm of edits and exchanges, I look forward to having you work with me on a new page I've begun, one on Urdu literature. Urdu poetry is obviously about 90% of the tradition, but that is the very reason we should represent it fully, and not unilaterally. A side-project, preferably done afterwards, would involve writing about Urdu prose, which might focus on such works of the best prose-writers, like Premchand's and Ismat Chughtai. I'll be working on it slowly over the next few weeks.--LordSuryaofShropshire 22:57, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * Wonderful. And necessary. Thank you for initiating and taking up the project.--iFaqeer 22:59, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)

Musharraf
You wikified MMA, but the link goes to a disambiguation page that has nothing to do with the MMA you wikified. Can you create an entry for the MMA that is discussed, otherwise those initials should be de-wikified in this article. - Thanks Nv8200p 19:28, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Please look again. I have added a line to the MMA disambiguation page. Even without a Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal page, it be useful in descring what MMA is in that context.--iFaqeer 19:30, Sep 16, 2004 (UTC)

Salafi explanation
Thank you very much for your reward however I must inform you that I wasn't the one who wrote the most there. I believe some one else did. I'm planning to make it bigger, insha'allah. Again thank you A. 20:17, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I know what you put in last wasn't too large; but I think it clarified an important point--and saved me some effort :D. You deserve the Award. Shukran/Tashakkur/Shukriya again.--iFaqeer 21:23, Sep 16, 2004 (UTC)

Tiranga
Thanks Faqeer for the compliment (hope you don't mind me calling you by your Thakallus). Am a newbie to Wikipedia, but hope to be involved more closely in the future.

--Mahesh

 * Actually, the nick is iFaqeer. But you're welcome. And please drop by once in a while. Wikipedia needs some objective voices on South Asian issues.--iFaqeer 03:06, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the updates and edits
Newbie at wiki, but I do agree with your idea of introducing more south East Asia to the wiki reader and to the world. Thanks for wikifying it isnabeel

 * See User talk:Isnabeel for further conversation.67.118.240.18 02:50, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

First Urdu text open for proofreading
Dear IFaqeer,

I spend MOST of my time working for Distributed Proofreaders, which prepares e-books for distribution by Project Gutenberg (and anyone else that wants to distribute them -- they're FREE!) We have an experimental site in Europe,, which uses Unicode. DP-EU is now working on their first project in Urdu, an edition of the poems of Iqbal. So far as I know, they have only the one Urdu-speaking proofreader. If you could help with the project, and even recruit some more Urdu speakers to the fray, that would be wonderful! DP should be preserving the whole human literary heritage, not just the books that can be written in Latin-1.

It's not necessarily a big commitment, though it can be just as addictive as Wikipedia. You can do just one page whenever the mood strikes you. Zora 20:47, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I would be honoured to help. I am regular user of Gutenberg's English texts.

 * My written Urdu is a little weak, but I have a copy of the Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (by Ferozsons) and access to friends that should be wonderful resources. Please feel free to give [mailto:ashrafs@alum.rpi.edu my e-mail address] to team members. —iFaqeer | Talk to me! 21:04, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Registered at the page. —iFaqeer | Talk to me! 21:09, Oct 8, 2004 (UTC)

Jirga
I disagree with the redirect from Jirga to Loya jirga. It's like redirecting Parliament to House of Commons. —iFaqeer | Talk to me! 20:28, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)

I'm happy to delete it, but firstly could you tell me what a Jirga is?! - Ta bu shi da yu 12:28, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Ignore that comment. Has been removed. Could you make a dictionary definition on Wikisource? - Ta bu shi da yu 12:33, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

i for Islam
H'lo Faqeer. Just wanted some advice... someone changed a line in the Pakistan article that i have no idea how to check up on but suspect is incorrect. The change was made by Abdulhaseeb86. Should I simply revert the line to what it previously read or put it up for discussion somewhere?

 * I know. I have been thinking about what to do about it. Never heard that said before. I would vote to remove it and request documentation before adding it back.

 * BTW, I am talking to User:Hulleye, right? The description on your user page is interesting. Nice talking to you and good to see someone with that kind of position participating here.

 * Also, you can sign and date things you write on pages like this by typing four tildes ( ~ ), or three tildes for just a signature.  —iFaqeer | Talk to me! 20:54, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

Sorry, just forgot to stamp. I've reverted it back to the original and put it up on Talk:Pakistan. If anyone can provide documentation, great. if not, i think it should read exactly the way it is right now. Thanks, Hulleye

Copyvio
Hello. I notice that you marked Adil Mansuri as a possible copyright violation, but didn't add a listing at Copyright problems. Adding a listing to WP:CP gives other editors a chance to look at the copyright problem and puts it in line for deletion if necessary after its time on WP:CP is up (I won't say it ensures action, but that's another matter). Besides, the template states that the marked article is listed at WP:CP, so we should try to be consistent with this. Please remember to add WP:CP listings when marking articles with.

Please could you also add the source of the copied material to the template, either with

or

 * source of copyrighted material

(The latter can be used for offline sources or more than one source).

I have fixed the template at Adil Mansuri and listed it on WP:CP on this occasion.

Thanks. --rbrwr± 11:22, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Ali ibn Husayn
moved to User talk:Leo Africanus

Isnabeel
Thanks for the feedback, I am looking forward to add more. Keep in touch.

Islam and clothing
Thanks for putting some work into the article. It's a bit sparse. Pictures would be nice. Heck, some history of costume articles re India, the Punjab, Pakistan, etc. would be nice. See Clothing, there are bunch of stubs to fill out.

I just hope we don't end up butting heads over it  Zora 07:28, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Greetings
Thanks for the welcome! I'm glad to see other Pakistanis contributing here. AmeriDesi 09:29, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Calipahte
Caliphate starts with Abu Bakr. Why not leave it as it is to make it clear he was the first caliph? On the buttom it clearly stays See Muhammad. People can find it there. OneGuy 02:05, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Check Clothing and Islam
I ended up revising the article extensively. Moving things around and adding some material. Please take a look. Zora 09:08, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Moving Pashtuns to Silipedia
Faqueer: I just don't get it -! I took a lot of time getting the references and putting together prose that politely explained why Swatis should not be listed in the main tribe listing because they are a mixture of tribes that are already mentoined on the tribal listing. I even had a reference to the discussion page. And yet no-one bothered to give me a counter argument or anything - just simply deleted what I wrote as if they owned the page !! Is this Wikipedia a Joke?? Or is it meant to be a free online encyclopedia?

I even asked "Others" to intervene when "this guy" removed my additions to Pashtun, because there should be an explanation. Noone bothered. Hence I followed the Pashtun code of Badal and did the same - These tribal wars are spilling over into the Interent!!

The only way we can stop this is in future is to back statements with references. Otherwise Wikipedia is really a joke and doesnot have anything that you could challenge people with. Because word does get around.

There are people on thie Site, like yourself who are putting up good work, but the credibility of the site is being tested now. It is a critical time to act. Otherwise everything you do on this site is "just a waste of time"

I don't know how to revert on Wikipedia what I orginally wrote over the weekend. But if YOU do, as a neutral party that would prevent the "feud" from escalting. I hope it works and we can together make Wikipedia an site to be reckoned with.

Best wishes as always,

Insaaf.

Great Idea, although I'm not sure how to do the links - can you do that? -I am sure it will help diffuse the situation. By the way, I did the reversion and then saw your note on my user talk page. I deleted my edition and decided to "User Talk" with you first as you asked.

Insaaf.

Penname
Since you were one of the two people on the Talk:Urdu poetry page: I've taken some of the info from the Urdu poetry page and a couple of other wiki-articles, and used it to add some info to the penname article, trying to make it less-exclusively European in outlook. Since I really don't know Urdu poetry, could you take a look at what I wrote to make sure that it makes sense. (The haiku/haiga stuff I also wrote, but I do know Japanese poetry). gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 10:36, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Christmas tree insult
If its not directed at anyone and only documents what someone has said, then I don't have a problem with noting it on a talk page. If the comment is directed at someone, this is a personal attack and unacceptable on Wikipedia. I think that's what you were asking... does this answer your question? - Ta bu shi da yu 06:14, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Ummm...so you're saying it's kosher to go to his talk page and quote it? —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 06:15, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. I didn't make the original comment, and I am not directing the insult to him. - Ta bu shi da yu 06:26, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Feel free to remove personal attacks on sight. Just make a note of it in the edit summary field. --Viriditas 20:00, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Timeline
You should ask User:Pename about it. He's the original author (check out edit history of Jihad), I merely moved his table to a template. - Ta bu shi da yu 06:26, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * You really think asking him will help? :D —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 06:26, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, his track record isn't good, but by all means ask :) his problem (as I see it) is he's an ideologue newbie that doesn't understand how to gain consensus or operate in Wikipedia. But assume good faith and ask him. If the template becomes POV, add an Template:NPOV header, by all means. Or list it on WP:TFD (though I think it could be improved!) - Ta bu shi da yu 06:38, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I have put in comments on the Talk page for that template that (I hope) is a constructive suggestion how to make it much more that it is now. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 06:47, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

Pename
There is nothing wrong with asking users to tone down their POV. There is something wrong with treating newcomers as if they should know better. I don't think I was picking on anyone. I thought I was merely observing that the treatment of newcomers should be focused in the direction of polite and gentle policy guidance. Sadly, we have people who have been here for months that are still acting like Pename, and that is an issue that needs to be addressed. --Viriditas 10:45, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, well. I wanted to speak in support of Ta bu shi da yu because I thought that, even though he wasn't necessarily coming from an opposing POV, he took it on himself to challenge a strong POV. That's all. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 10:36, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * That's definitely a good thing, no question about it, as long as he isn't shooting fish in a barrel, which is how it appeared to me. But we must not forget about civility, respect, and a desire to help collaborate in the creation of better articles.  IMO, that is much more important (and more difficult) than challenging two-day old editors who haven't the slightest idea about policy.  There's no sport in hunting Bambi. --Viriditas 10:45, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * sigh. I've already told him that's not what I was doing. A pity he doesn't beleive me. - Ta bu shi da yu 13:05, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Please assume good faith. I never said I didn't believe you. I said that from my perspective it appeared that you were biting the newcomers.  I'm willing to admit that I'm wrong.  And FYI, my comment above, Sadly, we have people who have been here for months that are still acting like Pename, and that is an issue that needs to be addressed, does not pertain to you.  I was referring to Alberuni. --Viriditas 19:56, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

RFC on Pename
As Pename has been attacking both A;beruni, myself, OneGuy and RickK, I was wondering if you would like to certify Requests for comment/Pename? - Ta bu shi da yu 13:07, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Would you be willing to certify the RFC? Please, I'm not asking to pressure you. I won't be upset if you don't :) - Ta bu shi da yu 03:21, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I think I did. Check again, under Outside Views. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 03:26, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)

I think that the first is to verify the validity of the issue (in other words, it exists), and the other section is to endorse what was said on the RFC page. You can sign both of them. - Ta bu shi da yu 03:33, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Gah! I got this wrong! The first section has the comment: Please note: If you did not try and fail to resolve the dispute, but agree with the summary's presentation of events, please sign in the next section, and the section section (others) has the comment "If you agree with the summary's presentation of events but did not try and fail to resolve the dispute, please sign in this section.". Sorry if I mislead you... that was entirely unintentional. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:32, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

168.209.97.34
I submitted an arbitration on this guy here. Let's see what happens.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration#Current_requests_for_Arbitration

OneGuy 09:40, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Minor edits

 * Moved to Talk:Islamism.

COTW on Partition of India
The Partition of India article is up for a Collaboration of the Week if yer interested in helping out. Article needs a lot of work but for the moment you can simply add yer vote for it. Hulleye 08:18, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I entirely agree this will be a contentious issue for several people... myself included... but at the same time, it should be an exercise worth doing Hulleye 14:16, Nov 28, 2004 (UTC)

Partition of India
You voted for Partition of India, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

Hello
Returning your greetings. I wonder what you might disagree with in my recent edits, most of what I've done today has been rather minor. Acsenray 21:22, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi -- I'll have to defer to you on "badshah." It seems your info is better than mine. But I really think the "Hindustani language" article needs a major rewrite. Acsenray 14:42, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Wos Up?
HussaynKhariq

Actually, i'm interested in Arabic, Urdu, Farsi, Bangla, Yemen, Hijaz, Pakistan, India, sunni, shia, kharji, mutazali etc. etc. etc. I'm concerned on how people have just pasted their official histories in a neutral encyclopedia!!

Islamism
According to Pename, he checked the Oxford English Dictionary from Oxford University Press and it says that Islamism is as follows:

Islamism / 'zlmzm/, / 's-/ → n. Islamic militancy or fundamentalism. - DERIVATIVES Islamist ( also Islamicist ) n. & adj.

SOURCE: "Islamism n." The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University Press, 2004. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Toronto Libraries. 2 December 2004 ;

He also found the following:

Islamism Ideology calling for sociopolitical solidarity among all Muslims. Has existed as a religious concept since the early days of Islam. Emerged as a modern political ideology in the 1860s and 1870s at the height of European colonialism, when Turkish intellectuals began discussing and writing about it as a way to save the Ottoman Empire from fragmentation. Became the favored state policy during the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II (r. 1876–1909) and was adopted and promoted by members of the ruling bureaucratic and intellectual elites of the empire. With the rise of colonialism, became a defensive ideology, directed against European political, military, economic, and missionary penetration. Posed the sultan as a universal caliph to whom Muslims everywhere owed allegiance and obedience. Sought to offset military and economic weakness in the Muslim world by favoring central government over the periphery and Muslims over non-Muslims in education, office, and economic opportunities. Ultimately failed and collapsed after the defeat and dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. Resurrected during the resurgence of Islam after World War II. Expressed via organizations such as the Muslim World League and the Organization of the Islamic Conference, which seek to coordinate Islamic solidarity through political and economic cooperation internationally. Has also served as an important political tool in recruiting all-Muslim support against foreign aggressions.

SOURCE: "Islamism" Oxford Dictionary of Islam. John L. Esposito, ed. Oxford University Press Inc. 2003. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. University of Toronto Libraries. 2 December 2004 ;

I'm confused. Our Islamism article says something totally different. The Oxford reference is relatively authoritative. Help! - Ta bu shi da yu 05:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Authoritative? How? It is basically one quote from one writer (John Esposito) with one POV. The POV of someone who thinks that something that lasted almost 1400 hundred years "failed". How long did the Roman Empire or Communism last? I am replying on the talk page for that entry. See you there! —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 05:46, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * Cheers mate. - Ta bu shi da yu 05:50, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * P.S. could I get you to respond on the timeline article talk page? Thanks! - Ta bu shi da yu 05:58, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for the welcome message and the invitation. I would like to opt out of joining Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Pakistan... atleast for now. Regds Nazli 17:29, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

POV pusher
OK, I see the problem. I'm watching the page very closely. If User:68.107.102.129 does it again I'll block for 24 hours. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:01, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No, don't put yourself in danger. If I don't notice, please tell me and I'll revert then block them myself. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:06, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok, he did it again. He's blocked for 24hrs. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:10, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Commonwealth Template

 * ''See User talk:SimonP
 * There is a difference between Commonwealth countries and former British colonies. Countries often move in and out of the Commonwealth, e.g. Zimbabwe, Pakistan, South Africa. Being a Commonwealth member is a far more ephemeral quality than having been a British colony.  I still think Commonwealth membership is a pretty trivial factoid.  Your example of a child doing a project on the Commonwealth proves this point. For this child the useful page would be Commonwealth of Nations, not the dozens of pages on member countries. Also there is an organization for French speaking countries the Francophonie, that is essentially identical to the Commonwealth in scope and import. That you, and most people, have not heard of it is further illustration that these post-colonial organizations are of little importance. - SimonP 21:13, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't like the idea of a Commonwealth category, but there is no rule against it and if you proceed with creating the category I will do nothing to stop you. - SimonP 21:32, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Somehow I missed the whole discussion on SimonP's page until after I posted. Thanks for pointing it out though. I do believe that the Commonwealth is an important organisation - not from the sense of being a relic of British dominion, but rather as a fraternal grouping among countries and people with the shared history of British colonialism. Britain's membership in the organisation is really incidental - it's real value is among countries that were once part of the Empire...and recall, that the only Imperial title was of India. Makes Britain just another subject territory ;) Guettarda 22:57, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Islamism
I've just realised something about the definition from Esporito that Pename gave. Tell me if this sounds right:

 * Pename, let's see what you quoted: "Islamism Ideology calling for sociopolitical solidarity among all Muslims. Has existed as a religious concept since the early days of Islam. Emerged as a modern political ideology in the 1860s and 1870s at the height of European colonialism, when Turkish intellectuals began discussing and writing about it as a way to save the Ottoman Empire from fragmentation." OK, let's look at this a bit more carefully. Firstly, the concept is "sociopolitical solidarity among all Muslims". Next sentence is "Has existed as a religious concept since the days of Islam." OK. Now, does that mean that "sociopolitical solidarity" has existed as a religious concept since the days of Muslims? it would seem so. After all, as I've stated below Islamism comes from the French word islamisme, which was itself coined by Voltaire, who existed in the 18th century. The context of what is written would also bear this out because the next sentence is "Emerged as a modern political ideology in the 1860s and 1870s at the height of European colonialism, when Turkish intellectuals began discussing and writing about it as a way to save the Ottoman Empire from fragmentation." So it emerged as a modern political ideology in the 1860s and 1870s? Well, look at that. It appears that you've misread your own source. How delightful.

This is what I just replied to Pename. What do you think? - Ta bu shi da yu 12:33, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I appreciate your feedback on the talk page. That's what I figured! :-) Ta bu shi da yu 22:31, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Aina
Thank you for your contribution to the Aina page. Do you think it would help to add the actual Urdu word for "aina"? Personally, I think it would be great, as I like to look at the actual language. It would be even better if we could link back to the word in the Urdu Wikipedia. Please let me know what you think. --Viriditas 02:07, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * To clarify, I am asking if you could add both the Farsi and the Urdu to the page, in the original script, and if possible, link to the word "mirror" in those Wikipedias. Obviously, you may not be able to fulfill this request, but if you can, that would be great.  I am looking to add the Farsi/Urdu script to the English disambig entries. Let me know if that makes sense.  I think it is important for people to see the original language, for example, the arabic script on the Qur'an page: al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن. --Viriditas 07:46, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Africa stubs
Stub defines a stub as "a very short article, generally of one paragraph or less." Stub messages are not for any article that needs expansion, but rather for articles that are so short they aren't even real articles. I see what you are trying to do with Category:Africa-related stubs, but I feel a better solution would be a list at Wikipedia:Africa related articles in need of expansion. Such a list could be broader in scope than just stubs, and could also be annotated so that exactly what is missing can be pointed it. - SimonP 18:16, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry I took out Category:Sultan of Sokoto because it was linked as an article and not as a category and I felt that the link in the article to Sokoto Caliph was enough. It would be great if you could create some more articles on the Sultans of Sokoto. I have been trying to fill some of these massive gaps in Wikipedia's coverage, but my knowledge of these matters is very limited. - SimonP 20:20, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:IFaqeer/Archive001


text:
A Life for the Tsar

A Life for the Tsar (Жизнь за царя ) is a "patriotic-heroic tragic opera" in four acts with an epilogue by Mikhail Glinka. During the Soviet era the opera was known under the name Ivan Susanin (Иван Сусанин ).

The original Russian libretto, based on historical events, was written by Nestor Kukolnik, Egor Fyodorovich (von) Rozen, Vladimir Sollogub and Vasily Zhukovsky. It premiered on 27 November 1836 OS (9 December NS) at the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre in St. Petersburg. The historical basis of the plot involves Ivan Susanin, a patriotic hero of the early 17th century who died in the expulsion of the invading Polish army for the newly elected Tsar Michael of Russia, the first of the Romanov dynasty, elected in 1613.

Composition history
The plot of A Life for the Tsar had been used earlier in 1815, when Catterino Cavos, an Italian-Russian composer, had written a two-act singspiel with the same subject and title. The original title of the opera was to be Ivan Susanin, after the hero, but when Nicholas I attended a rehearsal, Glinka changed the title to A Life for the Tsar as an ingratiating gesture. This title was retained in the Russian Empire.

In 1924, under the new Soviet administration, it appeared under the title Hammer and Sickle, but that production was not successful and was shelved. On 26 February 1939 it reappeared under the title Glinka had originally chosen, Ivan Susanin.

Glinka and the writers with whom he was associated chose, in Susanin, a hero of Russian nationalism well suited to the mood of the time. The opera was immediately hailed as a great success, and became the obligatory season-opener in the Imperial Russian opera theaters. A Life for the Tsar occupies an important position in Russian musical theater as the first native opera to win a permanent place in the repertoire. It was one of the first Russian operas to be known outside Russia.

Performance history
The opera was given its premiere performance on 27 November 1836 in Saint Petersburg conducted by Catterino Cavos with set designs by Andreas Roller. It was followed several years later with its premiere in Moscow on 7 September (Old Style) 1842 in a new production with sets by Serkov and Shenyan. Glinka's opera was featured heavily throughout the Romanov tercentenary celebrations in 1913. It was performed in a gala performance at the Marinsky Theatre, Schools, regiments, and amateur companies throughout imperial Russia staged performances of A Life for the Tsar. Pamphlets and the penny press printed the story of Susanin "ad nauseam", and one newspaper told how Susanin had showed each and every soldier how to fulfill his oath to the sovereign. The image of the seventeenth-century peasant features prominently at the bottom of the Romanov Monument in Kostroma, where a female personification of Russia gives blessings to a kneeling Susanin. In Kostroma, Tsar Nicholas II was even presented with a group of Potemkin peasants who claimed to be descendants of Susanin.

Publication history

 * 1857, piano-vocal score, as A Life for the Tsar, Stellovsky, St. Petersburg
 * 1881, full score, as A Life for the Tsar, Stellovsky, St. Petersburg
 * 1907, new edition by Rimsky-Korsakov and Glazunov, Belyayev, Leipzig
 * 1942, as Ivan Susanin, Muzgiz
 * 1949, as Ivan Susanin, Muzgiz
 * 1953, as Ivan Susanin, Muzgiz

Influences
In keeping with Glinka's European training, much of A Life for the Tsar was structured according to conventional Italian and French models of the period. Nevertheless, several passages in the opera are based on Russian folk songs or folk melodic idioms that become a full part of the musical texture.

Most importantly, this opera laid the foundation for the series of Russian nationalistic historical operas continued by works such as Serov's Rogneda, Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, Rimsky-Korsakov's Maid of Pskov, Tchaikovsky's The Oprichnik or Mazeppa, and Borodin's Prince Igor.

Performance practice
As popular as the opera was, its monarchist libretto was an embarrassment to the Soviet state. After some unsuccessful attempts were made to remedy this situation, in 1939 the poet S. M. Gorodetsky rewrote the text to remove references to the Tsar and otherwise make the libretto politically palatable.

Synopsis

 * Time: The autumn of 1612 and the winter of 1613.

Act 1
The village of Domnino

Antonida is eager to marry Sobinin, but her father, Susanin, refuses permission until a Russian has been duly chosen to take the tsar's throne. When Sobinin informs him that the Grand Council in Moscow has chosen a tsar, everyone celebrates.

Act 2
Poland

In a sumptuous hall, the nobility celebrates the Polish dominance over the Russians by singing and dancing. Suddenly, a messenger comes in with the news that Mikhail Romanov has been selected as the tsar of Russia but is now in hiding. The Poles vow to overthrow him.

Act 3
Susanin's cabin

Susanin and his adopted son, Vanya, pledge to defend the new tsar. Susanin blesses Sobinin and Antonida on their upcoming wedding when a detachment of Polish soldiers bursts in to demand the tsar's whereabouts. Instead, Susanin sends Vanya to warn the tsar while Susanin leads the soldiers off the trail into the woods. Antonida is devastated. Sobinin gathers some men to go on a rescue mission.

Act 4
A dense forest Sobinin reassures his men of the rightness of their mission. When night falls, in a part of the forest near a monastery, Vanya knocks at the gates and alerts the inhabitants to spirit the tsar away. Susanin has led the suspicious Polish troops into an impassable, snow-covered area of the forest. The Poles sleep while Susanin waits for the dawn and bids farewell to his children. A blizzard sets in, and when day breaks, the Poles awake. They realise that Susanin has deceived them and so kill him.

Epilogue
Red Square, Moscow.

Across the stage walks a crowd of people, celebrating the triumph of the new tsar. Alone in their own solemn procession, Antonida, Sobinin and Vanya mourn Susanin. A detachment of Russian troops comes upon them, discovers their connection with Susanin and comforts them. As the scene changes to Red Square, the people proclaim glory to the tsar and to Susanin's memory.

Principal arias and numbers

 * Overture

Act 1
 * Cavatina and Rondo: "To the field, to the field," «В поле, в поле» (Antonida)

Act 2
 * Chorus: Polonaise, Полонез
 * Dance: Krakowiak, Краковяк
 * Dance: Waltz, Вальс
 * Dance: Mazurka, Мазурка

Act 3
 * Song: "When they killed the little bird's mother," «Как мать убили у малого птенца» (Vanya)

Act 4
 * Aria: "Brother in the darkness we are not able to find our enemy," No. 18; (Sobinine)
 * Aria: "They sense the truth!", «Чуют правду!» No. 21; (Susanin)

Epilogue
 * Chorus: "Glory, Glory to you, our Russian Tsar!", «Славься, славься, нашъ русскiй Царь!» (People)

Orchestral excerpts heard in the concert hall consist largely of the overture and the Polish numbers of the second act. Another excerpt that is also used by concert bands and military bands is the Slavsya finale arranged for wind band as a fanfare. It is famous for being used in the Moscow Victory Parade of 1945 and in other military parades since then. It is also a sung piece by choral groups. The finale piece was adapted for and has been also part of the repertoire of the world-famous Alexandrov Ensemble since 2004.

Instrumentation
The opera is scored for two flutes, two oboes (second oboe doubling cor anglais), two clarinets (in B flat and A), two bassoons, four horns, two clarino natural trumpets, three trombones, ophicleide, timpani, bells, harp, strings, as well as two offstage wind bands or concert bands, offstage clarinet in A, offstage chromatic (valved) trumpet, offstage drum, offstage bells. Some pieces are also scored for full orchestra, including the dance segments. The finale piece, another popular composition played in patriotic concerts and other events, can be also arranged for a full military band or concert band with the bells and chromatic trumpets and also for the Balalaika and the Bayan accordion, as heard in several cover versions.

Recordings
Source: operadis-opera-discography.org.uk

title: A Life for the Tsar


text:
Sorel Etrog

Sorel Etrog, (August 29, 1933 –  February 26, 2014) was a Romanian-born Israeli-Canadian artist, writer, and primarily, a sculptor. He specialized in modern art works and contemporary sculpture. Etrog's works explore his first-hand experience of the Second World War, the renewal of sculptural traditions in modern art, such as the use of bronze as a medium, and the opposition between the mechanical and the organic. One of Canada's leading artists in the 1960s, Etrog contributed to the country's growing interest in sculpture.

Life
Born in Iaşi, Romania, in 1933, Etrog's formal art training began in 1945. In 1950, his family immigrated to Israel, where beginning in 1953 he studied at the Institute of Painting and Sculpture in Tel Aviv. His first solo exhibition in Tel Aviv in 1958 earned him a scholarship at the Brooklyn Museum of Art in New York City (1958-1963). In 1959, a meeting with Toronto art collector Samuel Zacks led to Etrog's first Canadian solo exhibition, at Gallery Moos in Toronto. Leaving New York for Toronto in 1963, Etrog became a Canadian citizen. After moving to Florence in 1965, he began casting his sculptures at the Michelucci Foundry, in Pistoia, and would continue to do so for the rest of his career. During this time, Etrog frequently visited his family in Israel. On one of his trips he met his future wife, Lika Behar, a fashion designer, who moved to Florence to live with him. However, a car accident that left Etrog badly injured led him and Behar to leave Florence in 1967 and move to Toronto, where they married.

Career
Since the late 1950s, Etrog's work has been exhibited extensively in solo and group exhibitions across Canada and internationally.

Etrog's work is represented in major capitals and cities all over the world. He received several important commissions, including those for Expo 67, Montreal; SunLife Centre, Toronto; Windsor Sculpture Garden, Windsor, Ontario; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; and Olympic Park in Seoul, South Korea. His commission for the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, entitled Powersoul, is his largest work. In 1966, works by Etrog, along with those of Alex Colville and Yves Gaucher, represented Canada at the Venice Biennale. In 1968 Etrog was commissioned to design the Canadian Film Award that was originally named the "Etrog" and later renamed the "Genie".

Etrog is also known for his writings and published plays, poetry and non-fiction. Of his many collaborations, the most acclaimed are his book illustrations for Eugène Ionesco and Samuel Beckett in the late 1960s. Etrog and Marshall McLuhan collaborated on the publication Spiral, drawn from Etrog's film of the same title which was broadcast on CBC television in 1975.

Numerous reviews, articles, monographs and catalogue texts have been written about Etrog, including Pierre Restany’s comprehensive textbook published by Prestel 2001. A major exhibition of Etrog's paintings and drawings of the 1960s was exhibited in March 2008 at Buschlen Mowatt Gallery, Vancouver. The Art Gallery of Ontario presented a major retrospective of Etrog's work in 2013, which coincided with his eightieth birthday.

From August 2021 to May 2022, Art Windsor Essex showcased Etrog's history of graphic work (drawings, paintings, prints) in their exhibition, Links as Bones: Sorel Etrog and the Fragile Body .

Death and legacy
Sorel Etrog died on February 26, 2014, aged 80. Since his death, Sorel Etrog's legacy and collection are officially managed by The Estate of Sorel Etrog. The Jay & Barbara Hennick Family Wellness Centre at the Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, includes close to 100 artworks by Sorel Etrog as part of its health and well-being intervention program.

Honours

 * Member of the Order of Canada, 1994
 * Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, Government of France, 1996
 * Royal Canadian Academy of Arts

title: Sorel Etrog


text:
James MacCullagh

James MacCullagh (1809 – 24 October 1847) was an Irish mathematician.

Early life
MacCullagh was born in Landahaussy, near Plumbridge, County Tyrone, Ireland, but the family moved to Curly Hill, Strabane when James was about 10. He was the eldest of twelve children and demonstrated mathematical talent at an early age. He entered Trinity College Dublin as a student in 1824, winning a scholarship in 1827 and graduating in 1829.

Career
He became a fellow of Trinity College Dublin in 1832 and was a contemporary there of William Rowan Hamilton. He became a member of the Royal Irish Academy in 1833. In 1835 he was appointed Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin and in 1843 became Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy. He was an inspiring teacher and taught notable scholars, including Samuel Haughton, Andrew Searle Hart, John Kells Ingram and George Salmon.

He had been involved in repeated priority disputes with Hamilton. In 1832, Hamilton published a prediction of conical refraction. In 1833, MacCullagh claimed that it is a special case of a theorem he published in 1830 that he did not explicate since it was not relevant to that particular paper. In 1842, Hamilton speculated on a model of ether, to which MacCullagh claimed that he had speculated on the same model.

Although he worked mostly on optics, he is also remembered for his work on geometry; his most significant work in optics was published in the mid-to-late 1830s; his most significant work on geometry On surfaces of the second order was published in 1843. He was awarded the Cunningham Medal of the Royal Irish Academy in 1838 for his paper on On the laws of crystalline reflexion and refraction. He won the Copley medal for his work on the nature of light in 1842.

MacCullagh was involved with the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He corresponded with many notable scientists, including John Herschel and Charles Babbage. In Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, Charles Babbage wrote that MacCullagh was "an excellent friend of mine" and discussed the benefits and drawbacks of the analytical engine with him.

Work on Light and Optics
MacCullagh's most important paper on optics, An essay towards a dynamical theory of crystalline reflection and refraction, was presented to the Royal Irish Academy in December 1839. The paper begins by defining what was then a new concept, the curl of a vector field. (The term 'curl' was first used by James Clerk Maxwell in 1870.) MacCullagh first showed that the curl is a covariant vector in the sense that its components are transformed in the appropriate manner under coordinate rotation. Taking his cue from George Green, he set out to develop a potential function for a dynamical theory for the transmission of light.

MacCullagh found that a conventional potential function proportional to the squared norm of the displacement field was incompatible with known properties of light waves. In order to support only transverse waves, he found that the potential function must be proportional to the squared norm of the curl of the displacement field. It was accepted that his radical choice ruled out any hope for a mechanical model for the ethereal medium. Nevertheless, the field equations stemming from this purely gyrostatic medium were shown to be in accord with all known laws, including those of Snell and Augustin-Jean Fresnel.

At several points, MacCullagh addresses the physical nature of an ethereal medium having such properties. Not surprisingly, he argues against a mechanical interpretation of the luminiferous aether because he readily admits that no known physical medium could have such a potential function resisting only the rotation of its elements. "Concerning the peculiar constitution of the ether, we know nothing and shall suppose nothing, except what is involved in the foregoing assumptions [rectilinear vibrations in a medium of constant density]... Having arrived at the value of [the potential function], we may now take it for the starting point of our theory, and dismiss the assumptions by which we were conducted to it."

Despite the success of the theory, physicists and mathematicians were not receptive to the idea of reducing physics to a set of abstract field equations divorced from a mechanical model. The notion of the ether as a compressible fluid or similar physical entity was too deeply ingrained in nineteenth-century physical thinking, even for decades after the publication of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory in 1864. MacCullagh's ideas were largely abandoned and forgotten until 1880, when George Francis FitzGerald re-discovered and re-interpreted his findings in the light of Maxwell's work.

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin succeeded in developing a physically realizable model of MacCullagh's rotationally elastic but translationally insensitive ether, consisting of gyrostats mounted on a framework of telescoping rods, described in his paper On a Gyrostatic Adynamic Constitution for Ether (1890).

Death and legacy
MacCullagh was an idealistic nationalist, in the sense of the time. He unsuccessfully contested the election for the Dublin University constituency in 1847. Suffering from overwork and a bout of depression, he died in 1847 by cutting his throat in his rooms at Trinity College Dublin.

After his death, Hamilton helped obtain pensions for his sisters.

In May 2009, an Ulster History Circle plaque was unveiled at his family tomb at St Patrick's Church in Upper Badoney. The plaque was part of events organised by the Glenelly Historical Society to mark his life.

"... my intercourse with poor MacCullogh, who was constantly fancying that people were plundering his stores, which certainly were worth the robbing. This was no doubt a sort of premonitory symptom of that insanity that produced his awful end. He could inspire love and yet it was difficult to live with him; and I am thankful that I escaped, so well as I did, from a quarrel, partly because I do not live in College, nor in Dublin. I fear that all this must seem a little unkind; but you will understand me. I was on excellent terms with MacCullogh; ... spoke of those early papers of his, in 1832, to the British Association, when it first met at Oxford; took pains to exhibit the merits of one of his papers on light ... on the occasion of presenting him with a Gold Medal in 1838 ... followed his coffin on foot from the College through the streets of Dublin; cooperated in procuring a pension for his sisters; and subscribed to the MacCullogh Testimonial."

title: James MacCullagh


text:
Talk:Tristar and Red Sector Inc. (demogroup)

This page is a straight rip from, © G. Lunder 1996-2004 but published with the comment "Scenery is freeware. Use this material in any way you want. Permission is hereby granted for its distribution on internet web and ftp sites, and any reasonably priced cd-roms. You may, if you feel really generous, donate a copy to me =]"

 * The redirect from TRSI to here was strongly premature. The existing copy at TRSI is much more readable and already Wikified.  Merging is welcome, but lets not jump the gun.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 23:23, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Furthermore, the parenthetical "(demogroup)" extension is unnecessary in this case. I don't think there are any other Tristar and Red Sector, Inc.'s in existence to disambiguate from.  Are visitors more likely to type "TRSI" into the search bar, or the full title?  The likelihood of someone actually typing "Tristar and Red Sector Inc. (demogroup)" are virtually non-existent in contrast.  I would like a RfC to open discussion on what the official article title should be, i.e. "TRSI", "Tristar and Red Sector, Inc." or "Tristar and Red Sector Inc." or something different.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 23:27, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I redirected/merged, etc. just "to get the ball rolling." Sometimes things don't seem to move very fast, if at all, with some proposed changes at Wikipedia.  I just did a Google search for "TRSI," trsi tristar, and "Tristar and Red Sector" and got 30,300, 2330 and 253 hits, respectively.  So, chances are people would be searching for TRSI on Wikipedia.  — CDN99 00:24, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * ...but people searching for "TRSI" might be looking for something else. The top hit on Google for "TRSI" is an anime publisher/distributor, The Right Stuf International. From here, Googling trsi "right stuff" gives 41,100 hits while trsi tristar gives 1,270. So don't assume that this is even the primary meaning of "TRSI". There are other meanings too. I conclude that TRSI may have to be a disambiguation page in the future. Having said that, I don't have a personal interest in this page, having passed this way because it was unwikified, stayed a while to ponder whether it was a copyvio, and ended up concluding it was a duplicate. I'm not going to fight over it. --rbrwr± 20:43, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Free Republic of Schwarzenberg

Untitled
Wait a goddamn minute.

How can the term "Free Republic of Schwarzenberg" be derived from a 1984 novel if the group was only around in mid-1945? Someone's got some issues with the time-space continuum. Mauipsyko 21:22, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I think the country had no official name. The 1984 novel was probably the first to name it Free Republic of Schwarzenberg, and since then that name is used by historians. --Mixcoatl 00:12, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps that should be explained in the article somewhere. It confused me as well. Leadpipevigilante 00:35, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I got confused as well. What was the entity called in 1945 then? Even if it wasn't a formal state, it should have been nicknamed something. --Soman (talk) 23:08, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

 * It was no entity at all, just a historical accident, which became unstuck quickly enough once the dust had settled. Ondundozonananandana (talk) 12:37, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Clean-Up?
I don't know much about this topic, but I found this article hard to read. First, it sounds like a lot more can be said about this subject (is there an explanation as to how this country got it's own currency and postage system in 7 weeks?). Also, isn't the last sentence of the second paragraph a bit of a redundant statement? Leadpipevigilante 00:35, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

The German article on the topic makes it very clear that this was no country, but rather an un-occupied area in which citizens formed committees to maintain public order. It also quotes a German eye-witness who states that there was no such thing as a currency, but rather that sugar, cigarettes and the like were used instead (obviously, these were very acceptable in the occupied zones as well, so yeah, the article is not completely wrong). I cannot vouch for the correctness of the claims made in the German article, however. Ondundozonananandana

Revamp
Okay, I had another look at the German Wikipedia entry and tried to bang the article into some kind of shape. As stated earlier, there were no stamps and no currency, as far as I know. Anyone wishing to add to this article is most welcome, I cannot do more than declutter it. Ondundozonananandana 14:06, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

I am afraid that my abilities to work some of the categories are too limited. Having read the German article, it is pretty clear that this should definitely not be considered a "state", and thus neither a "republic". However, I dare not delete some of the tags in the page, since I am just too unfamiliar with them. Could someone perhaps remove those two categories? Cheers, Ondundozonananandana 13:42, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

If you have a look on Ebay or just make a search with Google, you will find many Schwarzenberg stamps for sale: they are the Reich stamps with Hitler's face overprinted "Schwarzenberg" and with the shape of a town/castle. Markuz — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.3.31.203 (talk) 02:03, 19 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Free Republic of Schwarzenberg


text:
Talk:Roy Lichtenstein

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Internal Link Not Working
The link to "Ohh...Alright..." in the table "Roy Lichtenstein sales records" is broken. The actual page is here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohhh...Alright...

Trophonius326 (talk)

 * ✅ thanks! DBaK (talk) 10:19, 26 July 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 June 2020
Spelling mistake 90.253.130.130 (talk) 08:48, 23 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not identified the specific change required - what is the mistake? and where is it on the page? - Arjayay (talk) 09:21, 23 June 2020 (UTC)
 * If it was "Septepmber" - I have now corrected it - Arjayay (talk) 09:27, 23 June 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:22, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Seascape, by Roy Lichtenstein, 1965, Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg

Allegations of copying/theft
Quite a bit of media is publishing criticism of Lichtenstein and his “appropriation” of comic images for his art. I believe it’s valid enough to be mentioned in the article, but not sure if a separate “Controversies” section would be too much? https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/apr/09/new-allegations-of-plagiarism-against-roy-lichtenstein —Chimino (talk) 21:32, 9 April 2023 (UTC)
 * "Controversies" sections are discouraged by wikipedia style guides. My feeling is that we should wait to see if anything comes of these legal issues before adding anything to avoid to much rumour and back-and-forth in the text. Ashmoo (talk) 14:01, 11 April 2023 (UTC)
 * As far as I can tell, the issues are moral/ethical rather than legal. There is a documentary film on this and articles in the Washington Post and numerous art and comic sites in addition to the Guardian linked above. Here's one example, with a podcast on the topic: https://news.artnet.com/multimedia/the-art-angle-podcast-how-roy-lichtenstein-became-a-super-villain-to-comic-book-artists-2284371
 * In my view, the arguments are misguided and often peppered with misinformation. but there is enough of this coverage that it will attract readers here in search of more info. This probably should be addressed in the article somehow. BTfromLA (talk) 03:17, 16 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Roy Lichtenstein