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Adam Archuleta

Adam Jason Archuleta (born November 27, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils, and was selected in the first round of the 2001 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Rams with the 20th overall pick.

After five seasons with the Rams, Archuleta played a season each for the Washington Redskins and Chicago Bears, and was in camp with the Oakland Raiders in 2008.

High school years
Born in Rock Springs, Wyoming, Archuleta attended Chandler High School in Chandler, Arizona, a suburb southeast of Phoenix. He was a letterman in football in which he was a two-time first-team All-Central Region honoree and a two-time All-State Honorable Mention honoree. Jerry Loper was his high school head football coach.

College career
Archuleta played college football at nearby Arizona State University, where he started three years as a linebacker. Initially without a scholarship, he redshirted as a true freshman in 1996 after making the team as a walk-on.

Archuleta played in every game during his redshirt freshman season in 1997 as a reserve inside linebacker, recording 17 tackles (11 solos) while appearing mostly on special teams.

He moved into the starting lineup as a sophomore at weakside linebacker, playing in every game in 1998 and finished with 75 tackles (39 solos), five sacks and 18 stops for losses. As a junior in 1999, he was named to the All-Pac-10 Conference First Team as well as team most valuable player. He started the final eleven games at weakside outside linebacker and led the team with 111 tackles (59 solos) with five sacks and 21 stops for losses.

As a senior in 2000, he was named the Pac-10 Defensive Player of the Year and was a First-team All-Pac-10 Conference selection as a linebacker. He also was one of three finalists for the Butkus Award, given annually to the top linebacker in college football. As a senior, he started at weakside outside linebacker and led ASU with a career-high 127 tackles (93 solos) with four sacks and 15 stops for losses. He was a First-team All-America selection by The Sports Xchange and earned Second-team All-American from the Walter Camp Foundation.

During his four year career Archuleta ranks fourth in school history with 54 stops behind the line of scrimmage while recording 330 tackles (202 solos) with 14 quarterback sacks, six fumble recoveries and five forced fumbles.

St. Louis Rams
The St. Louis Rams drafted Archuleta as the 20th overall selection in the 2001 NFL Draft. He spent his first five years in St. Louis, where he excelled in Lovie Smith's Cover 2 base defense. He signed a five-year $7 million contract with the Rams, with a signing bonus of $3 million.

In 2001 Archuleta was named to All-rookie teams by The Football News and Pro Football Weekly after playing in 13 games and starting 12 at strong safety. He finished sixth on the Rams with 81 tackles (43 solo) and tied for second with seven tackles for loss while notching two sacks, five passes defensed, two forced fumbles and one fumble recovery. In 2002, he started all 16 contests, 15 at strong safety, one at weakside linebacker and he led team with 149 tackles (101 solo) with 2.5 sacks, one interception, four passes defensed, three QB pressures, one fumble recovery, three tackles for loss, and eight special teams tackles. In 2003, he started 13 games at strong safety and had his second consecutive 100-plus tackle season, collecting 101 stops (77 solo) and had five sacks, five tackles for loss, one interception, eight passes defensed, nine QB pressures, one forced fumble, and one fumble recovery. His Five sacks led all NFL defensive backs in 2003, was the most sacks by an NFL defensive back since 2000. He was also named NFC Defensive Player of the Month for November 2003.

In 2004 Archuleta played in all 16 regular season games, starting 14, and started both playoff games despite being hampered by a back injury. He had his third consecutive 100-plus tackle season, collecting 123 tackles (73 solo) and had two sacks, five tackles for loss, three passes defensed, one forced fumble, one fumble recovery, and nine special teams tackles. He earned Co-"Horse Trailer Player of the Game" honors (along with Torry Holt) for his performance on Monday Night Football vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers 10/18, as he collected six tackles (three solo) and forced Bucs' RB Michael Pittman to fumble, recovering the fumble, and returned it 93 yards for a touchdown. Had 10 tackles (six solo), and earned NFC Special Teams Player of the Week honors with two solo special teams tackles vs. Seattle Seahawks November 14, 2004. In 2005 Archuleta appeared in and started 14 games and collected 93 tackles (66 solo), 3.5 sacks, five pass deflections and one interception. In Week 3 against the Tennessee Titans, he intercepted a pass and returned it 85 yards for a touchdown. He also recorded six tackles, all solo, in that game. A month later, in Week 7 vs. New Orleans Saints, he recorded two sacks, seven tackles (six solo) and logged a fumble recovery.

Washington Redskins
After the 2005 season ended, he was one of the most sought after free agent safeties. The Redskins made him the highest paid safety, up to that point, in NFL history by signing Archuleta to a six-year, $30 million contract (with approximately $10 million guaranteed) on March 14, 2006 Archuleta started at strong safety for 7 of 16 games played with the Redskins, registering 50 tackles and one sack to go along with career-high 17 special teams tackles. He appeared in all 16 regular season contests for the third time in his career, registering a sack for sixth consecutive season, the longest active streak for an NFL safety. However, after struggles in the deep passing game for the Redskins, Archuleta was replaced at the strong safety position with Troy Vincent, and played only on special teams the last half of the season. On December 28, 2006, Archuleta expressed his displeasure with the way the Redskins were using him, and the lack of communication from the coaching staff, under head coach Joe Gibbs.

Chicago Bears
On March 20, 2007, the Redskins traded Archuleta to the Chicago Bears for their sixth round selection in the upcoming 2007 NFL Draft. The Bears agreed to pay him $8.1 million over three years. Archuleta was reunited with Lovie Smith, but never lived up to the expectations the team had for him during the 2007 season. Archuleta played 15 games with only ten starts and he intercepted a pass, forced a fumble and recovered a fumble. He knocked down three passes and had 61 tackles, numbers that were below his career averages. The Bears released him on May 6, 2008. In his season with the Bears, Archuleta was paid $5.1 million of his contract, which the Bears picked up from the Redskins.

Oakland Raiders
On August 11, 2008, the Oakland Raiders signed Archuleta with the intention of moving him to linebacker. He was released on August 30 in final roster cuts, to comply with the 53-man roster requirement.

Post NFL
Archuleta is now a local and national sports commentator for ESPN and Fox, and was inducted into ASU's Sports Hall of Fame in 2011.

Archuleta joined the new Pac-12 Network in 2012 as a game analyst for college football telecasts. After one season Archuleta joined CBS Sports Network as an analyst for Conference USA and Mountain West Conference games; despite declining to play for the UFL, he did call the league's games when they aired on CBS Sports Network in 2012. He also joined the NFL on CBS in 2013 as a game analyst alongside Andrew Catalon, in 2014-16 alongside Tom McCarthy, in 2021-22 with Greg Gumbel, and in 2017-19, and 2023 alongside Spero Dedes, replacing Randy Cross.

As of the 2023 season, Archuleta is partnered with Spero Dedes.

Personal life
Archuleta married Playboy Playmate Jennifer Walcott in 2010. They had their first child, a son, on April 10, 2008. The family was featured on an episode of Football Wives on E! True Hollywood Story in 2009. He was also featured in Moves magazine alongside his wife, Jennifer.

title: Adam Archuleta


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Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann

Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann (1894–1986) was a Polish general, military commander and one of the pioneers of armoured warfare in Poland.

Early life
Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann was born on 1 August 1894 in Lemberg, Austria-Hungary (later Lwów, Poland, and today Lviv, Ukraine.) In 1912 he started studies at the Road and Bridge Engineering faculty of the Lwów University of Technology. His studies, however, were halted by the outbreak of World War I. In 1914 Orlik-Rückemann volunteered for the Polish Legions, where he served with distinction at various command posts in the 6th Infantry Regiment. After the oath crisis of 1917 he was drafted to the Austro-Hungarian Army, where he served with the 19th Rifle Regiment. In 1918 he also graduated from the Infantry Reserve Officer's School.

Polish Army
On 4 November 1918, he joined the Polish Army. During the Polish-Ukrainian War of 1919 he was taken prisoner by the Ukrainians, but was later released after Piłsudski signed an alliance with Semen Petlura. Orlik-Rückemann was then sent to armoured forces school and was given the command of a small tank unit equipped entirely with French FT-17 tanks. During the Polish-Bolshevik War he became one of the most successful tank commanders of the Polish forces and during the Battle of Warsaw on 16 August 1920 he was promoted to colonel and given the command of the 1st Tank Regiment.

After the war Orlik-Rückemann remained in the Polish Army and until 1 May 1927 was the commanding officer of the 1st Tank Regiment. He also graduated from the faculty of tank combat commanders of the Ecole Superieure de Guerre in Paris. After liquidation of his unit, Orlik-Rückemann was transferred to the Ministry of War Affairs and then in January 1928 became the deputy commanding officer of the 23rd Infantry Division.

On 27 February 1932 Orlik-Rückemann became the commanding officer of the 9th Infantry Division and the following year was promoted to brigadier general. In December 1938 he became the deputy commander of the elite Border Defence Corps and on 8 August 1939 became its commander.

World War II
Shortly before the start of World War II Orlik-Rückemann's forces were deprived of most of the reserves that were transferred to western Poland to strengthen the Polish units stationed there. After the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War of 1939 and the Soviet Union's invasion of Poland on 17 September, Orlik-Rückemann's forces could offer only a token resistance against the overwhelming odds. To prevent the complete destruction of his forces, Orlik-Rückemann decided to withdraw them from the 300 kilometre long border in the area of Polesie and break through to Warsaw and the forces of Polesie Independent Operational Group under general Franciszek Kleeberg.

Until 22 September he gathered approximately 8,000 men and started his march towards Warsaw. Constant skirmishes with the Red Army and the Fifth column brought down the morale of his men. To counter the threat of a breakdown, Orlik-Rückemann decided to start a major battle with the Red Army. During the Battle of Szack, on 28 September, his men managed to rout the Soviet 52nd Rifle Division. On 30 September the unit crossed the Bug river and reached the village of Wytyczno, some 20 kilometres south-east of Włodawa. The Battle of Wytyczno started the following day, when his unit was attacked by the Soviet 45th Rifle Division, reinforced with tanks and artillery. After 15 hours of heavy fighting, the supplies of the Polish forces were almost depleted and Orlik-Rückemann decided to divide his unit into small groups and order them to break through to the area occupied by the Independent Operational Group Polesie on their own. Most of the Polish forces reached their destination unopposed and with negligible losses.

After the end of hostilities in Poland, Orlik-Rückemann managed to evade being captured and crossed the Lithuanian border. From there he managed to get to Sweden and by the end of October he was in the United Kingdom. There he served in the Polish Army in exile on various staff posts.

After World War II
Between 1945 and 1947 he was working for the Polish Resettlement Corps. He was deprived of Polish citizenship by the communist authorities of Poland and remained in exile. Initially he lived in London and in 1972 he moved to his family to Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann died on October 18, 1986, in Ottawa.

Decorations

 * Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari
 * Commander's Cross of the Polonia Restituta
 * Cross of Valour (Krzyż Walecznych) four times
 * Gold Cross of Merit (Krzyż Zasługi)
 * Cross of Independence (Krzyż Niepodległości)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann


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The Dunn Thing

The Dunn Thing was an English post-punk band, formed by the brothers Mike and Frank Dunne, after leaving the Manchester post-punk band The Immediates in 1980. That band also featured Andy Connell, later a member of A Certain Ratio before forming Swing Out Sister in 1985.

The Dunn Thing released two singles on MCA Records: "Sticking to My Guns" and a cover of the Northern Soul classic "Ain't Nothing But a House Party". Mike Dunne subsequently released a solo album, Lost Soul, on Herb Tea Records. Frank Dunne left the music industry for sports journalism, and is currently an Italian football correspondent for The Independent newspaper.

title: The Dunn Thing


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George Bulman (fictional character)

Detective Sergeant George Bulman was a fictional detective created by Kenneth Royce in his series of books about The XYY Man (semi-reformed cat burglar Spider Scott), where the character's name was initially Alf Bulman. Here Bulman is presented as a 'bent copper', though the only examples of his corruption given are that he gained promotion to sergeant by persuading down-and-outs to confess to unsolved robberies, in return for a prison sentence which would put them inside during the coldest months of winter.

These books were turned into a Granada TV series in the mid-1970s, with actor Don Henderson playing Bulman, Scott's nemesis. Bulman lives only for the day that he can put Scott (played on TV by Stephen Yardley) back behind bars, but he and his sidekick Detective Constable Derek Willis (Dennis Blanch) are thwarted every time, even gaining some slight sympathy and respect for Scott as they discover how he and they have been used by the secret service. Bulman was originally portrayed as mildly eccentric, wearing woollen gloves, using a nasal inhaler and trying to 'better' himself by engaging in further education (showing off his learning with a pretentious erudition which makes him look foolish).

The Bulman character proved popular with viewers, and, with Willis, was given a spin-off series Strangers, which saw the formerly London-based detectives transferred to the north-west of England. During the five-year run of Strangers, Bulman's eccentricities were increased, and included such traits as a propensity for keeping his belongings in plastic carrier bags and his keeping of a pet hamster named Flash Gordon. His middle name was revealed to be Kitchener. Increasingly his erudition was used less to make him look pretentious and a joke figure, but instead underlined a zen-like wisdom and otherworldliness. He also leapt in rank, gaining a double-promotion from Detective Sergeant to Detective Chief Inspector in one bound.

In the mid-80s the character returned in Bulman. Disillusioned, Bulman leaves the police to work as a private investigator while making a living repairing clocks. He kept a model railway layout in his office, and wore a 'Will Power' T-Shirt, bearing an illustration of William Shakespeare. Mirroring in some ways the post-prison career of Spider Scott, Bulman and his assistant Lucy McGinty (Siobhan Redmond) were often coerced or tricked into doing clandestine and dangerous work for the secret service.

Kenneth Royce returned to his Bulman character at the height of the show's success, writing two more XYY Man novels (The Crypto Man (1984) and The Mosley Receipt (1985)) and a Bulman novel, No Way Back (Hashimi's Revenge) in 1986. In the 90s he followed this with The Judas Trail (1996) and Shadows (1996). By this point, Royce's Bulman differs from the television version considerably - his is called Alfred George Bulman (the TV one is George Kitchener Bulman), and by The Crypto Man in 1985 has risen to be a Detective Superintendent in the Security Services section of the Metropolitan Police (his TV alternative never made it above Detective Chief Inspector before becoming a private investigator).

Granada ended the series in 1987. Henderson obtained the rights for TV use of the character, but became busy with other projects and died in 1997 before he was able to interest producers in any new series.

 * The XYY Man (1976–77) 13 episodes
 * Strangers (1978–82) 32 episodes
 * Bulman (1985–87) 20 episodes

title: George Bulman (fictional character)


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United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Criminal Justice

The United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Criminal Justice is the head of the Office of Global Criminal Justice in the United States Department of State. The ambassador-at-large advises the United States Secretary of State and the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights directly and formulates U.S. policy responses to atrocities committed in areas of conflict and elsewhere throughout the world. As the President’s envoy, this Ambassador travels worldwide engaging heads of state and international organizations to build bilateral and international support for U.S. policies. As part of this, the Ambassador visits affected countries and engages a range of diplomatic, legal, economic, military, and intelligence tools to help secure peace and stability and build the rule of law. As the head of the Office of Global Criminal Justice, this Ambassador also has the rank of Assistant Secretary.

David Scheffer served as the first U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues (1997–2001). He was followed by Pierre-Richard Prosper (2001–2005), and John Clint Williamson (2006–2009).

In July 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama nominated Stephen Rapp, a former United States Attorney and prosecutor for the United Nations Special Court for Sierra Leone, to succeed John Clint Williamson as Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues. The Senate confirmed him on September 8, 2009, making Rapp the fourth person to hold the title.


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Game Network

Game Network was a European free-to-air television channel. It was initially owned by Digital Bros group, and later taken over by Cellcast Group. It was first launched in 1999.

History
Game Network first broadcast in Italy on 17 September 1999. The channel was available throughout Southern Europe, and developed, attracting an estimated audience of 300,000. It launched in the United Kingdom in May 2001 on Sky EPG number 223. At its UK launch, the Financial Times evaluated the channel's free-to-air business proposition, commenting that its potential viewers should be abundant with consideration to the surge of popularity of video games at the time, noting the rising popularity of video games, the release of hundreds of titles in the UK each year and the launch of the PlayStation 2 months earlier. The channel was expected to provide 24-hour television dedicated to video games and earn money from advertising and sponsorship.

The UK version of the television channel, produced by Cellcast included regional content with programs such as Digital Crack, Me in Mir, The Weekly Chart Show, Game Guru, Reloaded, LiveWire, and Evolution. In 2003, Cellcast started increasing control of the channel, with Sem Mioli of Digital Bros. side and Jonathan French and Craig Gardiner from the Cellcast side spearheading the channel) with the launch of non-gaming programmes such as Babestation, a late-night "tease" show. The success of this show lead to many other clone programmes appearing on other channels, and this alternative revenue stream lead to a later influx of phone-in quiz shows, of which Game Network shows many. By 2005, Game Network's UK games programming went largely limited to a block of raw games footage from 5:30 am – 10am, with Game Guru airing from 5 pm until 7 pm, followed by programmes such as Psychic Interactive, which continue until Babestation starts.

In 2004, the channel's Sky EPG number was 172.

The major gaming shows, such as LiveWire, were cancelled in May 2005, and the Italian-language feed from Hot Bird ceased on September 17, 2005, after six years on air. At this time, Digital Bros. sold Game Network UK completely to Cellcast Group, which completely dropped all video game content by 20 February 2006 and renamed it Babestation. On 28 February, the channel was moved to the adult section of the Sky EPG.

title: Game Network


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Zeng Jinlian

Zeng Jinlian (, 26 June 1964 – 13 February 1982) was a Chinese teenage girl who held, and continues to hold, the world record of being the tallest woman verified in modern times, surpassing Jane Bunford's record. Following the death of Don Koehler, Zeng held the record of being the tallest living person from 1981 to 1982, during which time she surpassed fellow "eight-footers" Gabriel Estêvão Monjane and Suleiman Ali Nashnush.

Biography
Zeng was born on 26 June 1964 in Yuanjiang, Hunan to a poor farming family, as the youngest of four children, growing up in Nanzui Town by Muping Lake. Her parents Zeng Xianmao and Yu Xuemei were 163 cm (5 ft 4.2 in) and 156 cm (5 ft 1.4 in) respectively, with all her siblings being in within similar height range, with a brother being measured at 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) at age 18. According to the family genealogy, however, Zeng had a great-granduncle who was recorded at 233 cm (7 ft 7 in) in height.

The cause of Zeng's gigantism was a tumor that caused her pituitary gland to overproduce human growth hormone. Her abnormal height development started when she was four months old. Zeng outgrew her mother by age five and at age 13, she stood 232 cm (7 ft 7.5 in), taller than the tallest man Robert Wadlow was at the same age, at 224 cm (7 ft 4 in). Zeng still attended school, starting at age 7 and graduating in 1980.

At age 16, Zeng was measured at 240 cm (7 ft 10.5 in) and weighed 147 kg (324 lbs) during a routine medical check for her diabetes and only months later within the same year, she overtook then-record holder Jane Bunford in height. Doctors proposed brain surgery to remove the tumor, but Zeng declined due to fear of medical intervention and a desire to keep her hair. By this point, Zeng had garnered regional prominence for her unusual stature, which led to visitors regularly coming to her home to meet her, almost a hundred on a single day during visiting peak. The local government provided Zeng with a yearly payment equivalent to US$670 to cover some of her living expenses. While she and her family mostly subsisted off of fish from the nearby lake, Zeng reportedly ate 20 dumplings for breakfast and six bowls of rice with vegetables for dinner each day, consuming around 500 kg (1102 lbs) of food each year.

Zeng was generally described as being shy and reserved, but noted to have a passion for literature such as magazines and detective novels, as well as sports, particularly basketball, though she eventually stopped due to developing scoliosis related to her increasing height. She and her family noted that in addition to her long length of limbs, with her hands measuring 25.5 cm (10 in) and her feet 35.5 cm (1 ft 2 in) in length, Zeng was also physically strong, having reportedly been able to carry a bag of cement weighing 48 kg (108 lbs) at age four. She remained at home following the end of her school attendance due to her diabetes, To accommodate her great height, Zeng's family were contracted with local tailors and factories to manufacture several of her items custom-made, including her shirts, pants, shoes, chairs and bed, which measured 274 cm (9 ft) in length.

Zeng became known outside of China following her introduction in the Chinese health press. In interviews, Zeng voiced her appreciation for her friends and neighbors for treating her kindly and commented that despite her fame, she did not intend to leave her rural home county and planned to stay in the countryside for the rest of her life.

In March 1981, Zeng's issues with scoliosis and diabetes worsened. Because the curvature of her spine prevented Zeng from standing up straight, the Guinness World Record did not recognize Zeng as the world's tallest standing woman when they considered her for entry in 1981; Zeng's back problems eventually left her unable to walk and rely on a wheelchair for mobility.

Death
Zeng died from complications of diabetes on 13 February 1982 in Yuanjiang while in hospital care, where she had been since December 1981. With her death, American woman Sandy Allen, standing 232 cm (7 ft 7 in) officially became the tallest living woman, while Mozambican Gabriel Estêvão Monjane became the tallest living person. Attending doctors reported that during her three month stay, Zeng had still been growing.

It is theorized that had Zeng would have potentially outgrown Robert Wadlow, as she stood taller than Wadlow when comparing the heights taken on their 17th birthdays, though Wadlow's height at that age is usually reported as the one measured on his high school graduation, when he was only one month away from his 18th birthday.

title: Zeng Jinlian


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Mike McMahon (comics)

Michael McMahon (born 1954) is a British comics artist best known for his work on 2000 AD characters such as Judge Dredd, Sláine and ABC Warriors, and the mini-series The Last American.

His influences include Víctor de la Fuente, Hugo Pratt, Gino d'Antonio, Don Lawrence, Joe Colquhoun and Harvey Kurtzman.

Career
Judge Dredd was created for IPC's new science fiction comic 2000 AD in 1977 by writer John Wagner and artist Carlos Ezquerra, but problems in pre-publication led to both creators walking out, and the first published story was written by Peter Harris and Pat Mills, and drawn by an inexperienced young artist called Mike McMahon. Mills, who was editor at the time, chose McMahon because he could do a passable imitation of Ezquerra's style, but the more he drew the more his own style emerged. When Wagner returned to his creation, McMahon became the character's most regular artist. Other artists, such as Ian Gibson and Brian Bolland, followed his lead, putting their own spin on the way McMahon was developing the character and his world.

McMahon's early work was characterised by a quick, spontaneous approach that verged on the messy. His figures were lean and loose, his pen lines thrown down with verve and energy, and hatching was done with a fully charged brush. He drew the bulk of the first long-form Judge Dredd story, "The Cursed Earth", with the slower, more meticulous Brian Bolland contributing occasional episodes.

In 1979 McMahon took some time off from Dredd to draw Pat Mills's robot disaster squad Ro-Busters and its spin-off ABC Warriors, alternating with Kevin O'Neill and others, and under O'Neill's influence his work became tighter and his figures chunkier. He returned to Dredd the following year for the next long story, "The Judge Child", with a different, more considered style, and rotated with Bolland and Ron Smith. Writers John Wagner and Alan Grant gave McMahon the spookier, more atmospheric episodes to draw.

Following "The Judge Child" his art took a high contrast black and white direction, and in colour stories in annuals, explored patterns of flat colour. In 1981, when he began the Judge Dredd story "Block Mania", which he was slated to draw all nine episodes of, his drawings were tight and precise with well-defined areas of black and white. They were taking an increasingly long time to draw, especially with all the crowd scenes the scripts called for, and McMahon bowed out after only two episodes.

McMahon moved to Mills' new Celtic barbarian fantasy, Sláine, another story with a fraught pre-publication history, and all but disappeared from publication for nearly two years (He did draw a couple of stories for Doctor Who Magazine during this time). When he did return in 1983, it was with a radically different style, all sinuous figures, tangled pen lines, and incompletely filled in areas of black. Freed from sterile science fiction environments, he went to town on texture and tone, lashed together technology and organic backgrounds.

After his last work on Sláine in 1984, McMahon  re-emerged in 1991, after a long illness that prevented him from drawing, with The Last American, written by Wagner and Grant, for Marvel Comics's Epic imprint, and another radical change in drawing style.

Since then he has worked in computer game design and his work in comics has been sporadic. A couple of Hellraiser stories, an Alien Legion one-off, the unfinished Mutomaniac in the short-lived weekly Toxic!, a handful of Judge Dredd-related stories, and a futuristic Batman story in Legends of the Dark Knight, saw him progressively simplify and flatten his style, then find new ways of introducing depth in Sonic the Comic, the miniseries Tattered Banners for DC Comics's Vertigo imprint, a return to ABC Warriors and a short Batman Black and White back-up story. During this time, he also produced two 6 page strips for the Marvel UK/Panini fully originated fortnightly comic Rugrats (he would have been commissioned to draw more, but the comic was canceled). His latest work, a Judge Dredd episode, appeared in 2000 AD #1539.

In 2011-2012 McMahon drew Tank Girl - Carioca, a six-part mini series with Tank Girl co-creator to Alan Martin for Titan Books.

title: Mike McMahon (comics)


text: User talk:65.125.117.182

title: User talk:65.125.117.182


text:
User talk:Nicelotus~enwiki

Hello! Sorry: I´ll do a very nice page here. Give me some time. By Nicelotus

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title: User talk:Nicelotus~enwiki


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Philolaus (crater)

Philolaus is a lunar impact crater that is located in the northern part of the Moon's near side. It lies within one crater diameter to the east-southeast of the flooded crater Anaximenes, and to the west of the smaller Anaxagoras. It overlies the older and heavily worn Philolaus C to the south.

This crater retains a well-defined form that has not changed significantly since it was originally created. The outer rim edge is roughly circular, but with a somewhat irregular edge that displays signs of slumping. The most notable slump is a triangular area along the eastern rim. The inner wall of the crater has a complex system of terraces with a sharp-edged rim in locations where slumping has occurred. On the exterior of the rim is an outer rampart that extends outwards for nearly half a crater diameter in all directions. The crater has a ray system, and is consequently mapped as part of the Copernican System.

The interior floor is irregular with rough areas about the center and to the northeast. There is no single central peak, but rather a pair of peaks offset to the south and the east of the middle. There is also a smaller ridge pair offset to the northwest. The flattest part of the interior floor is in the northeast of the crater interior. The floor is not significantly marked by impacts.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Philolaus.

title: Philolaus (crater)


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Randy McMichael

Randy Montez McMichael (born June 28, 1979) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the fourth round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at Georgia.

Early life
McMichael was named to the Atlanta Journal-Constitutions Top 50 in the state of Georgia at Peach County High School in Fort Valley, Georgia. He was voted the team’s best offensive lineman as a senior, and also lettered in basketball and track during his prep career.

College career
McMichael was a three-year letterman at Georgia from 1999 to 2001. He missed all but one game in 1997 with a thumb injury, and missed all of 1998 with a knee injury.

In 1999, he caught 34 passes for 357 yards and three touchdowns, earning First-team Freshman All-American honors from The Sporting News and SEC coaches. As a sophomore in 2000, McMichael hauled in 32 passes for 475 yards and a score, earning an honorable mention All-conference selection. He was a First-team All-SEC selection by the Associated Press and SEC coaches in his final year of 2001 when he started nine of the ten games in which he appeared and had 24 receptions for 281 yards and a touchdown.

McMichael started 21 of the 33 games in which he played during his career and caught 90 passes for 1,213 yards and five touchdowns. He finished ranked ninth in school history for career receiving yards.

Miami Dolphins
McMichael was selected in the fourth round (114th overall) in the 2002 NFL Draft by the Miami Dolphins. The pick used by Dolphins to select him was originally acquired from the New Orleans Saints in the deal that sent running back Ricky Williams to the Miami Dolphins.

McMichael made his NFL debut in a starting role against the Detroit Lions on September 8, when he tied for team-lead with four receptions and led the team with 73 yards. He also scored his first NFL touchdown in the game, hauling in a Jay Fiedler pass from 16 yards out in the second quarter.

He started all 16 games in his rookie season, catching 39 passes for 485 yards and four touchdowns. His four receiving scores led the team, while his reception and yardage figures both were third. He became the first Dolphins rookie tight end ever to start every regular season contest. No Dolphins tight end had produced as many stats as McMichael had since Troy Drayton in 1997 (39 receptions, 558 yards, 4 touchdowns). McMichael's four touchdown catches were the third-highest figure by a Dolphins rookie at any position, and the most by a tight end, surpassing Ferrell Edmunds, who had three in 1988. McMichael had a reception in 15 of 16 games. Of his 39 catches, five went for 25 yards or longer – third-most on the team, trailing only James McKnight (9) and Chris Chambers (7).

Although he was the eighth tight end taken in the 2002 NFL Draft, McMichael’s receiving totals ranked second among all NFL rookie tight ends in 2002, trailing only the New York Giants’ Jeremy Shockey – the 14th overall pick in the draft. McMichael’s touchdown total was also the most of any rookie tight end in the league in 2002.

McMichael emerged as one of the top receiving tight ends in the league in his second NFL season, starting all 16 games and finishing with 49 receptions for 598 yards and two touchdowns. He added another touchdown on a fumble recovery. McMichael ranked third on the team in receptions and second in receiving yards. He led or shared the team-lead in receiving four times during the course of the season, while topping the team in receiving yards on five occasions. Of his 49 receptions, five went for 25 yards or longer (second-most on the team) trailing only Chris Chambers (8). He had a reception in all but one game. He ranked fourth among AFC tight ends in both receptions and receiving yards.

McMichael had his most productive game of the season and one of the top receiving days ever by a Dolphins tight end against the New England Patriots on October 19, when he caught eight passes for 102 yards. His eight receptions tied a team record for a tight end at the time, achieved three times previously, most recently by Keith Jackson who did it in a Divisional Playoff game on January 8, 1995 at the San Diego Chargers.

For the third straight year, McMichael started all 16 games. He was one of only two Dolphins offensive players to open every game in 2004, with offensive lineman Seth McKinney being the other. McMichael put together the most prolific receiving season of any tight end in Dolphins history, leading the team with 73 receptions while his 791 receiving yards ranked second, trailing only Chris Chambers, who registered 898 yards. He also scored four touchdowns on the season and had a two-point conversion to his credit. He had five receptions for 25 yards or longer on the season, tied with Marty Booker for second on the squad, trailing only Chambers, who had six. Overall, McMichael led the Dolphins in receptions eight times and in receiving yards on seven occasions over the course of the season. His reception total ranked 13th in the AFC. He tied for fourth in the AFC with 24 third-down receptions. His 73 receptions and 791 receiving yards both represent single-season standards for a Dolphins tight end, as he surpassed the previous marks set by Keith Jackson in 1994. For his performance during the season, McMichael was a first-alternate for the AFC Pro Bowl squad.

In 2005, McMichael started 16 games for the fourth straight year to open his career. He ended 2005 having opened 64 consecutive contests. On the year, he caught 60 passes for 582 yards and five touchdowns. His reception total and five receiving scores ranked second on the squad, while his yardage figure was third. All three figures placed him fourth among AFC tight ends. His reception figure was the second-highest single-season total by a Dolphins tight end, while his five receiving scores tied for fourth and marked a personal single-season best. McMichael led the team in receptions on six occasions and in receiving yardage once. He had a touchdown reception in each of the first four games of the season -the only player in the NFL to achieve this feat in 2005.

On October 7, 2005, McMichael signed a four-year contract extension with the Dolphins to keep him with the team through the 2009 season. The four-year extension was worth slightly more than $18 million in "new money" and includes $8.92 million in bonuses. On average, it ranked slightly behind the deal signed by fellow tight end Todd Heap of the Baltimore Ravens around the same time.

The Dolphins' offense struggled as a whole in 2006, and like Chris Chambers, McMichael was not consistently and often utilized by quarterback Joey Harrington. For the season, McMichael finished second on the team in receptions with 62 catches for 640 yards and three touchdowns. In a three-game span (from October 8 through October 22) he totaled 21 catches for 233 yards. He finished fifth among AFC tight ends in receptions and was sixth in receiving yards. He led the team in receptions five times and in reception yardage four times during the season.

For the fifth straight year, McMichael started all 16 games of the season. Through 2006, McMichael played 80 career games without ever missing a start. At season's end, McMichael was already the team's all-time leading tight end in receptions and receiving yards, and ranked third in touchdowns.

The Dolphins released McMichael on March 5, 2007, in lieu of paying him a $3 million bonus due the following week.

St. Louis Rams
On March 8, 2007, the St. Louis Rams signed McMichael to a three-year, $11 million deal that includes a $3 million signing bonus. The deal reunited McMichael with Scott Linehan, the Dolphins' 2005 offensive coordinator and then head coach of the Rams. McMichael suffered a season-ending right tibia injury against Buffalo on September 8, 2008, and missed the rest of the 2008 NFL season, after posting 11 catches for 139 yards. The 2009 NFL season he played all 16 games, finishing with 34 catches for 332 yards and 1 touchdown.

San Diego Chargers
After his signing with the team in 2009, McMichael was mostly known for his blocking ability. On November 7, 2010, McMichael got his first start in two years due to star tight end Antonio Gates being injured in a game against the Houston Texans he caught two catches that went for touchdowns, San Diego went on to win 29-23.

On March 12, 2013, McMichael was cut by the Chargers.

Dolphins franchise records

 * Most career receiving yards by a tight end — 3,096
 * Most career receptions by a tight end — 283

Radio career
In May 2019, Randy McMichael began co-hosting a midday program with Andy Bunker on sports-talk "92.9 The Game" WZGC in Atlanta. He also hosts the station's Saturday morning College Game Time program.

Personal life
Married to Dannah McMichael in 2017. McMichael has six children: Sierra, Isaiah, Kai, Samson, Sebastian and Shawn.

title: Randy McMichael


text:
Mike McMahon

Michael McMahon, Mike McMahon or Michael MacMahon may refer to:

 * Brent McMahon (wheelchair racer) (Michael Brent McMahon, born 1966), Canadian Paralympic athlete
 * Michael MacMahon (politician) (1854–1931), Australian politician
 * Michael Peter MacMahon (1720–1807), Irish Dominican friar
 * Michael McMahon (born 1957), American politician and attorney
 * Michael McMahon (rugby union) (1889–c. 1961), Australian rugby union player
 * Michael McMahon (Scottish politician) (born 1961), Scottish politician
 * Mike McMahon (American football) (born 1979), American football player
 * Mike McMahon (Australian rules footballer) (1902–1962), Australian rules footballer
 * Mike McMahon (comics) (born 1954), British comics illustrator
 * Mike McMahon (professor), English surgeon
 * Mike McMahon Sr. (1915–1974), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Mike McMahon Jr. (1941–2013), his son, Canadian ice hockey player

title: Mike McMahon


text:
User:Maurreen/Core topics

 * /Basic topic lists
 * /Bios
 * /Levels
 * /Lists
 * /Tree

By popular demand, more or less ... This is begun December 4, 2004, to be a list of maybe about 100 core subjects, that for example would go in a "release" version of Wikipedia. It is small to be tightly focused.

Articles on individual countries are core topics, but beyond the scope of this list because there are so many and their value is clear.

At least as a rule of thumb, biographies are beyond the scope of this list, because there are multitudes and their value when considered individually is too subjective.

Other contenders for core articles include articles on the English language, timelines, maps and any reference material This is a work in progress. And the list started out closer to 150 than 100, but I hope it will at least not go past 200.

A-

 * 1) Advertising
 * 2) Africa
 * 3) Agriculture
 * 4) Aircraft
 * 5) Aviation
 * 6) Algebra
 * 7) Animation
 * 8) Antarctica
 * 9) Animal or Zoology
 * 10) Anthropology
 * 11) Applied science
 * 12) Arab/Arab world
 * 13) Archeology
 * 14) Architecture -- Adequate, 2006 Feb 15
 * 15) Arithmetic
 * 16) Art
 * 17) Arts
 * 18) Asia
 * 19) Astronomy
 * 20) Australia
 * 21) Automobile
 * 22) Biology
 * 23) Biotechnology
 * 24) Botany
 * 25) Buddhism
 * 26) Business
 * 27) Chemistry
 * 28) Christianity
 * 29) Climate
 * 30) Clothing
 * 31) Communication
 * 32) Community
 * 33) Computer
 * 34) Computer science
 * 35) Country
 * 36) Crafts
 * 37) Crime
 * 38) Culture
 * 39) Dance
 * 40) Demographics
 * 41) DNA
 * 42) Drawing
 * 43) Earth sciences.
 * 44) Ecology
 * 45) Economics
 * 46) Education
 * 47) Electronics
 * 48) English language
 * 49) Engineering
 * 50) Entertainment
 * 51) Environment
 * 52) Equation
 * 53) Ethnic groups
 * 54) Europe
 * 55) Evolution
 * 56) Family
 * 57) Festivals
 * 58) Fiction
 * 59) Film
 * 60) Finance
 * 61) Food and drink
 * 62) Game
 * 63) Gambling
 * 64) Gender
 * 65) Geography
 * 66) Geometry
 * 67) Government
 * 68) Health
 * 69) Heuristics
 * 70) Hinduism
 * 71) Historiography
 * 72) History
 * 73) Human history
 * 74) Hobbies
 * 75) Home
 * 76) Housing
 * 77) Human
 * 78) Humanities
 * 79) Humour
 * 80) Industry
 * 81) Information science
 * 82) Internet
 * 83) Islam

J-

 * 1) Judaism
 * 2) Landforms
 * 3) Language
 * 4) Law
 * 5) Leisure
 * 6) Linguistics
 * 7) Literature
 * 8) Logic
 * 9) Manufacturing
 * 10) Maps (or cartography)
 * 11) Mass media
 * 12) Mathematics
 * 13) Measurement
 * 14) Medicine
 * 15) Mind
 * 16) Mineral
 * 17) Movements
 * 18) Municipality
 * 19) Museums
 * 20) Music
 * 21) Mythology
 * 22) Nanotechnology
 * 23) Natural hazard
 * 24) North America
 * 25) Nuclear technology
 * 26) Numbers
 * 27) Oceania
 * 28) Optics
 * 29) Organizations
 * 30) Outer space
 * 31) Painting
 * 32) Park
 * 33) Parties
 * 34) Personal finance
 * 35) Performing arts
 * 36) Personal life
 * 37) Pet
 * 38) Philosophy
 * 39) Physics
 * 40) Plant (or botany)
 * 41) Poetry
 * 42) Politics
 * 43) Popular culture
 * 44) Proof
 * 45) Protoscience
 * 46) Publication
 * 47) Psychology
 * 48) Radio
 * 49) Rail transport
 * 50) Recreation
 * 51) Reference
 * 52) Religion
 * 53) Ritual
 * 54) Science
 * 55) Sculpture
 * 56) Sex
 * 57) Soccer
 * 58) Social science
 * 59) Society
 * 60) Sociology
 * 61) Sound or Acoustics
 * 62) South America
 * 63) Sport
 * 64) Statistics
 * 65) Technology
 * 66) Telecommunication
 * 67) Television
 * 68) Theater
 * 69) Theorems
 * 70) Timelines
 * 71) Tools
 * 72) Tourism or Travel
 * 73) Toys
 * 74) Tradition
 * 75) Transportation
 * 76) Trigonometry
 * 77) Vehicles
 * 78) Visual arts
 * 79) Weather
 * 80) Western civilization
 * 81) War
 * 82) Watercraft
 * 83) Work

Changes from original list
Most of this section copied from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Core_topics on Jan. 23, 2006.

 * 1) Airplane or Flight replaced by the more general & complete article Aircraft. -- OK
 * 2) Analysis just a very broad dab page, so removed. -- OK
 * 3) Arts is just a list of links to different arts articles. Deleted. -- OK
 * 4) Industries is just a redirect to industry, so only the latter remains in the list. -- OK
 * 5) Drama replaced by theatre as recommended by theatre expert (see discussion page). -- OK
 * 6) Movement is a dab page, so Social movement picked instead. -- OK
 * 7) Rail is a dab page, so Rail transport (main article on the topic) used instead. -- OK
 * 8) Space is a dab page, so Outer space used instead. -- OK
 * 9) Telecommunications redirects to Telecommunication, so the latter has been used. -- OK

 * 1) Food and drink redirects to cuisine, so this has been listed. However there is a long article on food and a short one on drink, also.  Should these be considered? ???

title: User:Maurreen/Core topics


text: Category:865 deaths

title: Category:865 deaths


text:
Odinic Rite

The Odinic Rite (OR) is a reconstructionist religious organisation named after the god Odin. It conceives itself as a "folkish" Heathen movement concerned with Germanic paganism, mythology, folklore, and runes. As a white supremacist organization, the Odinic Rite limits membership to white individuals, holding the belief in Heathenry as the ancestral religion of the Indo-European race.

Background
The Odinic Rite refers to their form of Heathenry as "Odinism", a term favoured among Heathen white supremacists. In 1841, the term was used by the Scottish writer, historian, and philosopher, Thomas Carlyle in his book, On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History: "Odinism was Valour; Christianism was humility, a nobler kind of Valour." It was also used by Orestes Brownson in his 1848 Letter to Protestants.

The term was re-introduced in the late 1930s by Alexander Rud Mills, an Australian fascist. Having formulated "his own unique blend" of Ariosophy, Mills drew heavily on writings of pioneering Austrian Ariosophist and Wotanist Guido von List. Much of Mills' ideology focused around what he conceived as the "British race", a group who he believed also inhabited not only Britain but other parts of the world colonised by the British Empire. That concept was particularly problematic given the ethnically and linguistically diverse nature of the British population during the early 20th century. Mills believed that while Christianity was alien to the "British race", Odinism was 'native' and thus could be better understood by them. He expressed the view that "our own racial ideas and traditions (not those of others) are our best guide to health and national strength". He was critical of Christianity, believing it to be "unnatural" because – in his view – it encouraged the breaking down of racial barriers. In Mills' theology, the Norse gods were symbols of the divine rather than actual anthropomorphic entities, and he believed that each racial group had its own symbolic system for interpreting and understanding divinity. For Mills, Odin represented an archetypal father figure, with other deities from Norse mythology, such as Thor and Frigg, having minor roles.

History
In 1973 John Gibbs-Bailey (known as "Hoskuld") and John Yeowell (known as "Stubba", 1918–2010) founded the Committee for the Restoration of the Odinic Rite or Odinist Committee in England. Yeowell had been a member of the British Union of Fascists in his youth and bodyguard to leader Oswald Mosley. In 1980 the organisation changed its name to The Odinic Rite after it was believed that it had gained enough significant interest in the restoration of the Odinic faith.

In 1989 Yeowell resigned as Director of the Odinic Rite's governing body, the Court of Gothar. The Court then unanimously elected Jeffrey Holley (known as "Heimgest") as its Director and he was officially installed in this position on 23 April 1989 at the White Horse Stone in Kent. He was professed by Freya Aswynn. Prior to his involvement with the Odinic Rite Heimgest had belonged to a small group known as the Heimdal League, a closed group which disbanded in the mid-1980s.

Beliefs
The Odinic Rite defines Odinism as the natural religion of the peoples of Northern Europe. It has been characterised as a white supremacist organisation and describes itself as a "folkish" group, which it states centres on a stance that includes "racial preservation and promotion", and to "have as many healthy children as is practical". It asserts that "nationality is biological, not geographical", further stating that "It is hardly possible to overestimate the damage that the destruction of racial and national identity has caused, to both people and the environment."

They only allow white members and discourage mixed-race relationships, stating that while this was not a stance taken by heathens prior to Christianisation, this is a necessary precaution in the modern age to maintain "racial integrity" and to prevent "crossed allegiances". The group further draws analogies between invasive species and immigrants, stating that the latter threaten the survival of the white population. It defines right and wrong as follows:

"That which fulfils Nature, benefits the race as a servant of Nature, and benefits Odinism as a vehicle for the evolution of the race, is good; that which does not is bad. That which truly seeks and secures this good is right; that which does not is wrong."

The Odinic Rite encourages its members to live their lives according to the "Nine Noble Virtues" and the "Nine Charges". The list of noble virtues (Courage, Truth, Honour, Fidelity, Discipline, Hospitality, Self-Reliance, Industriousness, and Perseverance) is attributed to either John Yeowell (a.k.a. Stubba) and John Gibbs-Bailey (a.k.a. Hoskuld), members of Odinic Rite; or alternatively to Stephen Flowers (writing as 'Edred Thorsson'), at the time member of the Asatru Free Assembly.

While the group nominally identifies as a religious organisation that is not political, the worldviews held by the group have been identified as belonging to the extreme-right based on their racial nationalism. It is noted, however, that this terminology wouldn't necessarily be used by members of the group.

National branches
The Odinic Rite expanded in the 1990s with national branches in Germany, France, and North America. The German chapter, Odinic Rite Deutschland (ORD), was formed in 1994. In its early history the ORD was heavily influenced by Bernd Hicker who was its chairman for seven years. It collaborated with the group Yggdrasil-Kreis in the 1990s; this group professed a "European religion of nature" and sought to combine Germanic and Celtic paganism.

Due to concerns about connections between the British OR and far-right politics, expressed already in 1995 in the ORD's member's magazine, as well as differing views of practice and organising, the ORD was established as an independent organisation in 2004. It changed its name to Verein für germanisches Heidentum (VfgH; lit. 'Association for Germanic paganism') in 2006.

In popular culture
In 1997 the Director of Gothar, Heimgest, chanted rune names on the Sol Invictus album The Blade.

title: Odinic Rite


text: User talk:130.65.109.105

title: User talk:130.65.109.105


text:
United States v. Alvarez-Machain

United States v. Alvarez-Machain, 504 U.S. 655 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the respondent's forcible abduction from a foreign country, despite the existence of an extradition treaty with said country, does not prohibit him from being tried before a U.S. court for violations of American criminal laws. The ruling reconfirmed the Ker-Frisbie Doctrine, established in Ker v. Illinois (1886) and Frisbie v. Collins (1952), which generally permits the prosecution of criminal defendants regardless of whether their presence was obtained in accordance with an applicable extradition treaty.

Background
Humberto Álvarez Machaín, a Mexican physician, was allegedly involved in the 1985 kidnapping, torture, and murder of Enrique Camarena Salazar, an American citizen employed by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency, by "prolonging [his] life so that others could further torture and interrogate him."

On April 2, 1990, Álvarez was abducted from Mexico by Trent Tompkins, a U.S. citizen hired by DEA agents, and brought to trial in the United States over the protest of Mexican officials.

Legal action reached the Supreme Court, focusing upon the effect of illegal extradition upon the trial court's jurisdiction. Invoking the "Ker–Frisbie doctrine" the Court held that the trial court's jurisdiction was not affected by the manner in which the accused was brought before it. This created international alarm and concern as other nations feared that the decision would encourage further such abductions.

Aftermath
Despite vigorous protests from the Mexican government, Álvarez was tried in United States District Court in Los Angeles; the trial, in which his defense focused intensely on the legality of the arrest, resulted in an acquittal. The trial judge (whose earlier decision dismissing the indictment had been overruled by the Supreme Court) ruled at the close of the government's case in chief that the government had not presented a prima facie case, and therefore granted an acquittal without presenting the matter to the jury for verdict. The other suspect, Javier Vasquez Velasco, was arrested for his alleged involvement in the murder, convicted, and sentenced to three life sentences.

title: United States v. Alvarez-Machain


text: Category:Mathematics competitions

title: Category:Mathematics competitions


text:
Talk:Derek Walcott

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 11 January 2021 and 23 April 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Crmaurik, Nsfrohli, Sydnka, Fegraham. Peer reviewers: NadiaCarneiro1, Mbbahen, HermioneGranger1997, JWSV.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 19:21, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
A clearer reference to 'The Schooner 'Flight'' (1979) as a well-known work?

80.177.213.144 19:09, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

PLAYS
In the first section, reference is made to an essay Walcott supposedly wrote in 1940. According to the birthdate above, this would make Walcott 10 years old when the essay was published. Something is wrong here, but I don't know what. WikiFanCMC 14:04, 18 April 2008 (CET)

I am interested in Walcott's plays. Can anyone help me find out which ones are the best out of the 40 odd he's written? ThePeg 16:22, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

I would certainly read his Haitian Trilogy, Ti-Jean, and Pantomime.

There is no discussion of the fact that he has been accused of sexual harrasment twice while being on the faculty of BU. This is well documented. BU also settled a sexual harrasment lawsuit for an undisclosed sum. Why is this not in his biography?

walcott is a inspiring man who has inspierd alot of people including me a 14 years old girl —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.50.69.3 (talk) 17:37, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

Not much biography, is there?
The only biographical information about the man, apart from his works, is his name and the date and place of his birth.

The information on his father is semi-inaccurate. The article states he died before Derek and Roderick were born, but they were both 15 months old before he died. The source that is listed in the article says nothing on the father dying before their birth. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.13.43.19 (talk) 19:53, 18 February 2014 (UTC)

I was trying to find out why the article on Trinidad and Tobago claims him as a Trinidadian. There is nothing in this article to shed light on this. Respectfully, SamBlob (talk) 18:56, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

He is not Trinidadian, though he has lived there before. He is Saint Lucian, as evidenced in his autobiographical poems Another Life, Omeros, etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.121.86.216 (talk) 05:11, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

I agree that there should really be more biography here. Where did he go to school? How did he first come to prominence? What countries did he live in, and when? What about his family or upbringing?161.149.63.183 (talk) 00:52, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

Ask DW about Omeros
Your chance to improve the article! On Wednesday 10th September 2008 at BBC Bush House at 16.00hrs, Derek Walcott will be talking about his epic poem Omeros on the BBC's World Book Club. If you would like to put a question to Derek Walcott about Omeros, email worldbookclub@bbc.co.uk. If you're in the UK, you can be part of the audience. After transmission the programme will be permanently available to "listen again" on the BBC website. EdQuine (talk) 15:27, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

Did he really die. Nothing like this on bbc... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.129.15.181 (talk) 16:38, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

Clyde and Theo
Is he related to them? 81.159.70.120 (talk)81.159.70.120 (talk) 07:17, 26 May 2009 (UTC) 07:17, 26 May 2009 (UTC) Ausseagull (talk) 07:18, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

"Smear campaign"
I amended the material on the recent anonymous distribution of details about the allegations of abuse so that it no longer has WP calling it a "smear campaign" - which really is not an NPOV term - but makes it clear that the sources referred to used the term. Kay Dekker (talk) 23:22, 27 May 2009 (UTC)

more on this
This was added to the article on Padel: "Padel's comportment in the affair was roundly criticized by a number of respected poets in a letter of support addressed to Walcott and published in the Times Literary Supplement" I removed it from there as it does not mention Padel at all in the source -  TLS Letters to the Editor 3rd June 2009 - modified, it might be for inclusion here if we accept letters to the TLS from prominents (I don't see why not, but maybe I'm unaware of a policy/guideline that says otherwise) But at the moment I see no logical place for it in the article except in the lead, which didn't garv me.--163.1.147.64 (talk) 20:19, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

Copyright problem
This article has been reverted by a bot to as part of a large-scale clean-up project of multiple article copyright infringement. (See the investigation subpage) This has been done to remove User:Accotink2's contributions as they have a history of extensive copyright violation and so it is assumed that all of their major contributions are copyright violations. Earlier text must not be restored, unless it can be verified to be free of infringement. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions must be deleted. Contributors may use sources as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously. VWBot (talk) 05:52, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

=TS Eliot Prize Winner=

the announcement is here: http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/jan/24/ts-eliot-prize-derek-walcott if anyone is concerned ixo (talk) 19:56, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

Controversies: Undue Weight
This section is almost longer than that devoted to Walcott's entire career, which seems to be WP:Undue Weight. It should be summarized, as much of the controversy was more of a self-referential media storm, prompted by the topic of sexual harassment and the role played by a woman poet in challenging a man. While the story is interesting, coverage in this article is out of proportion to the artistic work and accomplishments of Walcott's career. It seems a good example to use for "media storms" related to culture and gender wars, as several journalists commented on that aspect of it. Is there such a topic? Parkwells (talk) 19:10, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Most of it was added by a strong POV editor last year and then tempered down, but there's still too much of it. Span (talk) 21:31, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

Article's Organization
I think this article could use an overhaul, particularly with regard to the way Walcott's career is documented. Does anyone think the article could be better organized? Also, I would like to add more organized literary criticism of his work (as well as snippets from book reviews, both positive and negative). Any thoughts?Jpcohen (talk) 04:12, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

 * I think it's a half decent article (re major events and ref'ing), but yes, it could use a close working over. Span (talk) 00:13, 19 February 2014 (UTC)

10th reference is a dead end, need someone who knows how to fix it.
Title says it all.JoshBM16 (talk) 12:04, 24 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150201060315/http://www.anitashapolskygallery.com/past_exhibits_writers.html to http://www.anitashapolskygallery.com/past_exhibits_writers.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101217065910/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_university/university_year/encaenia/past_five_years/honorary06.html to http://www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_university/university_year/encaenia/past_five_years/honorary06.html

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Selected tributes and obituaries
I have removed the list below from the main article, as it appeared unduly promotional, and did not add content. As external links, their contents probably don't add much beyond what would be present in a FA-class article. I am placing them here for use as selective rerources for content, not a laundry list of accolades.
 * Hilton Als, "Derek Walcott, A Mighty Poet, Has Died", The New Yorker, 17 March 2017.
 * Angela Barry, "Derek Walcott (1930-2017): a remembrance", The Royal Gazette (Bermuda), 25 March 2017.
 * BBC News, "Derek Walcott: St Lucia's Nobel laureate poet dies", 17 March 2017.
 * Herb Boyd, "A personal fragment of Derek Walcott", Amsterdam News, 23 March 2017.
 * Kwame Dawes, "For Derek Walcott 1930–2017", Stabroek News, 20 March 2017.
 * Elizabeth Flock, "Caribbean artists remember poet Derek Walcott", PBS Newshour, 20 March 2017.
 * Michael Glover, "Derek Walcott obituary: St Lucian Nobel Laureate and poet remembered", The Independent, 17 March 2017.
 * William Grimes, "Derek Walcott, Poet and Nobel Laureate of the Caribbean, Dies at 87", The New York Times, 17 March 2017.
 * Stephanie Hanes and Matt Schudel, "Derek Walcott, Nobel laureate whose poetry celebrated the Caribbean, dies at 87", The Washington Post, 17 March 2017.
 * "Derek Walcott tribute: Linton Kwesi Johnson reads Love After Love" – BBC Newsnight. YouTube.
 * Richard Lea, "Nobel laureate, poet and playwright Derek Walcott dead, aged 87", The Guardian, 17 March 2017.
 * Anita Sethi and Lawrence Scott, "Derek Walcott obituary", The Guardian, 17 March 2017.
 * Wole Soyinka, "Derek Walcott Embark On The Eternal Sea", Sahara Reporters, 18 March 2017.

title: Talk:Derek Walcott


text:
HMS Gleaner (H86)

HMSML Gleaner (H86) was the smallest commissioned vessel in the Royal Navy, at the time of her decommissioning, with a length of just under 15 metres and a ship's company of just nine (two officers, one Senior Rating and six Junior Ratings). She was based in Devonport, Plymouth. The ship prefix "HMSML" stands for Her Majesty's Survey Motor Launch.

Gleaner was withdrawn from service in February 2018. A replacement vessel, HMS Magpie (H130) was commissioned in June 2018.

History
Gleaner was the sixth ship to bear the name and was commissioned on 5 December 1983. With a top speed of 14 kn, Gleaner was designed to conduct inshore surveys along the south coast of England, though she has since surveyed all around the coastline of Great Britain and visited various ports in Europe.

As an advanced survey vessel, Gleaner possessed an array of sophisticated technology, including multibeam and sidescan sonar to collect bathymetry and seabed texture data and compile an accurate and detailed picture of the seabed for later analysis. Her survey equipment also included an Applanix POS MV system for georeferencing and motion compensation, C-NAV GPS, Kongsberg EM2040 Multibeam Echo Sounder and Kongsberg EA400 Singlebeam Echo Sounder.

Gleaner also has the distinction of being one of a handful of Royal Navy ships to have visited landlocked Switzerland, having travelled up the Rhine to Basel in 1988. Earlier visits were by HMS Flintham and Dittisham in 1969, and HMS Sabre and Cutlass in 1979.

She was also in attendance at the 2010 Portsmouth Navy Days.

In 2016, Gleaner conducted an extensive survey of the Firth of Forth as part of the preparation work for the departure of HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08) in the spring of 2017. This work was necessary as the most recent survey was 60 years old.

Gleaner entered Plymouth for the last time on 31 January 2018 before being decommissioned. Gleaner was replaced by HMS Magpie (H130), which was commissioned in June 2018.

title: HMS Gleaner (H86)


text: Category:190 BC deaths

title: Category:190 BC deaths


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Vitello (crater)

Vitello is a lunar impact crater that lies along the southern edge of the small Mare Humorum, in the southwest part of the Moon's near side. It was named after 13th century Polish theologian and physicist Vitello. It lies just to the east of the lava-flooded crater Lee. To the northeast along the edge of the lunar mare is the Rupes Kelvin, an irregular fault line.

Description
This crater has a low, roughly circular rim with a sharp edge. The interior floor is irregular, rugged and hilly, with a ring of deep fractures surrounding the central peak. A low ridge projects out from the northwest rim into the mare.

Vitello was once believed to be a caldera rather than an impact crater. In To A Rocky Moon, lunar geologist Don E. Wilhelms summarized: It "is a Saari-Shorthill infrared hotspot, is fractured, and is blanketed and surrounded by a dark deposit.  If there is a caldera on the moon, this ought to be it." However, Lunar Orbiter 5 acquired high-resolution images of the interior and geologists noted that the fractures were filled with boulders which caused the infrared anomaly, and so volcanic heat was not escaping from Vitello. Wilhelms concluded "...if it is a caldera, its activity expired long ago."

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Vitello.

title: Vitello (crater)


text: Category:Counts of Edessa

title: Category:Counts of Edessa


text:
Shepard Settlement, New York

Shepard Settlement was a farming hamlet in the northeastern part of the Town of Skaneateles in Onondaga County, New York, United States.

Named for the first settlers, this was the second community founded in the Town of Skaneateles, after the Village of Skaneateles at the northern end of Skaneateles Lake. Other early settler families with numerous members in the immediate area include the Chapmans, Bishops, Horsingtons and Hares. The settlement was along Stump Road between Hoyt and Foster Roads on the west and Shepard Road on the east, centered roughly where Chapman Road ends at Stump Road. The hamlet was 2.6 miles west-northwest of the Village of Marcellus and four miles northeast of Skaneateles.

The various amenities of a rural community, such as a church and general store, have long since disappeared, leaving only Shepard Settlement Cemetery on the northwestern corner of Stump and Foster Roads to establish the community's identity.

The Shepard Settlement Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

title: Shepard Settlement, New York


text: Category:Kings of Jerusalem

title: Category:Kings of Jerusalem


text:
User:GregNorc/the lab

The Laboratory
Here's where I plan to practice my formatting, store articles I'm working on, etc. Please don't edit this page, I'm trying to keep a record of all tests in case I forget how to do something.

Try 1
Alter the souce of Andre's sig to make this. I hope he doesn't mind.

 GregNorc  ( talk )G|

Try 2
Last time I forgot to update the sig, might as well bugshoot before I use the new sig...

 GregNorc  ( talk )G|

[[User:GregNorc| GregNorc  ( talk )G| ]]

and with timestamp [[User:GregNorc| GregNorc  ( talk )G| ]] 22:12, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

Revision
This should look better... ~[[User:GregNorc| GregNorc  ( talk )G| ]]

Hmm... having the "-" linkified looks bad. Lets see if this fixed it... -[[User:GregNorc| GregNorc  ( talk )G| ]]

Aaah perfect. Tilde seems to be a little to "loopy". This looks nice... -[[User:GregNorc| GregNorc  ( talk )G| ]]

Revision 2
 GregNorc  ( talk )G|

Conmtinued Problems :(
Goddamnit, I hope this works... testing 123 [[User:GregNorc| GregNorc  ( talk )]]

I give up

 * sigh* talk )]]

Possibly it's fixed!
[[User:GregNorc| GregNorc  ( talk )]]

It's not apparently.

>_<

 GregNorc  ( talk )]]

GODDDAMNIT THIS BETTER WORK  GregNorc  ( talk )

- GregNorc  ( talk )

title: User:GregNorc/the lab


text:
Civilization IV

Civilization IV (also known as Sid Meier's Civilization IV) is a 4X turn-based strategy computer game and the fourth installment of the Civilization series, and developed by Firaxis Games. It was designed by Soren Johnson. It was released in North America, Europe, and Australia, between October 25 and November 4, 2005, and followed by Civilization V.

Civilization IV uses the 4X empire-building model for turn-based strategy gameplay, in which the player's main objective is to construct a civilization from limited initial resources. Most standard full-length games start the player with a settler unit and/or a city unit in the year 4000 BC. As with other games in the series, there are by default five objectives the player can pursue in order to finish the game: conquering all other civilizations, controlling a supermajority of the game world's land and population, building and sending the first sleeper ship to the Alpha Centauri star system, increasing the "Culture ratings" of at least three different cities to "legendary" levels, or winning a "World Leader" popularity contest by the United Nations. If the time limit for the game is reached and none of the previous goals has been fulfilled by any players including game AI players, the civilization with the highest total game score is declared winner. A large departure from earlier Civilization games is a new graphics engine created from scratch, based on the Gamebryo engine by Numerical Design Limited (NDL).

The game has received critical acclaim and was hailed as an exemplary product of one of the leading video game producers in the turn-based strategy genre, and has been listed as one of the best video games of all time. Civilization IV sold over 3 million copies by 2008 and won multiple awards, including several Game of the Year awards. Its title song, "Baba Yetu", was the first piece of video game music to win a Grammy Award. Two major expansions were released, Civilization IV: Warlords and Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword, as well as the stand-alone expansion pack Civilization IV: Colonization, which were all combined in 2009 into one release edition titled Sid Meier's Civilization IV: The Complete Edition.

Gameplay
Civilization IV follows some of the 4X model of turn-based strategy games, a genre in which players control an empire and "explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate", by having the player attempt to lead a modest group of people from a base with initially scarce resources into a successful empire or civilization. The condition for winning the game is accomplished through one of the five ways: militarily defeating all other civilizations in the game world, controlling over two-thirds of the game world's land and population, building the first spaceship in the Space Age and sending it to Alpha Centauri, having the most dominant Culture ratings over other civilizations, or becoming "World Leader" through the United Nations votes. Additionally, there are multiple game scores for each civilization throughout the game based on the actions of each civilization and a number of different factors, allowing for a win condition based on the total of these points if the game timer runs out. The game can be played in multiple modes: as a single player facing against one or more computer-controlled opponents, in hot seat mode, or through online multiplayer games.

As with other turn-based strategy video games, the player can customize the look and feel of their game world as well as the difficulty of any game AI players before the game starts. Each map space has a terrain type, such as plains, tundra, or desert, that affects the available resources players can extract from their environments and the movements of certain units through that terrain. The player is then given a total of 18 different civilizations to choose from, each with their own pros and cons, plus a leader avatar, an initial set of civilization technology, and any units unique to that civilization. When the game starts, however, it chooses random locations to place across a predefined square grid map. Like other strategy games, Civilization IV has a fog of war feature, in which unexplored territory remains darkened and territories without any units stationed on its designated square is shaded with darker colors.

Units and combat
Most units that the player can generate and use are military units, with certain attributes such as combat strength and movement rate particular to each military type. Each unit can gain experience through combat, which later translates into promotions that the player can use to assign military units new bonuses. Initially, most combat takes place on land, but further advancements in the game's technology tree can allow the player to build ships and planes with which to fight battles on sea and in the air. Any number of units can be stacked onto a single space and move as a group if so assigned, but the overall combat phase is resolved by one-on-one unit battles.

Combat is initiated when moving military units are moved onto the square occupied by an opposing force's military units and cities, and combat is then resolved with calculating statistics of each unit combined with some random chance. Defeated units are removed from the game (apart from workers and settlers, which are captured by the attacking force), and any attacking units that are able to defeat the last defending military unit on a space will move to occupy that space. If the space is occupied by a city the player may choose to occupy and capture the city as their own or raze it. Other than combat, military units can also be assigned to fortify a specific space, perform sentry duties, destroy enemy city improvements, or explore the game world.

Non-military units include settlers who are used to found cities, workers who are used to improve space and gather resources, spies who can perform counterintelligence and espionage, and religious missionaries who can be sent to convert different civilizations and cities. Also, with the Beyond the Sword expansion, new units are added such as executives, who can spread corporations to new cities. Throughout the game, players may also generate a special unit called a "Great Person". These are named after historical figures and can be used for one-time advantage boosts in various ways; examples include Great Engineers who increase overall production levels and Great Scientists who improve technology. Assigning inhabitants of cities to work as 'specialists' (scientists, engineers, artists, spies, merchants or priests), building certain wonders or discovering certain technologies can improve the rate at which Great People are generated. Great Generals are generated when a player's forces achieve a certain number of victories, and can be used either to give a small amount of extra experience to all units trained in a city, or a very high level of experience to one unit. However, like other units, Great People of all kinds can be attacked and killed before the players can use them.

Resources and buildings
Once a city is founded, it will automatically begin extracting resources from surrounding spaces; the amount of spaces it can extract from is determined by the city's population size. The game automatically allocates the spaces a city uses and how its resources are maintained as the city grows, but the player is free to manage the city directly. This feature can be utilized to turn a part of the population into one of several specialized occupations; at the cost of having one less space from the city, these specialists increase gathering and production of the resources of their targeted specializations.

Each city can only produce one military unit or one building at a time; any additional units or buildings are placed into a queue. The rate of construction is determined by the amount of material collected from the surrounding spaces; players can also choose to speed production by sacrificing gold or population if they adopt the required governmental policy; called civics. The player can instead specialize the city towards gathering a particular resource instead of constructing additional units or buildings. Also, in order to produce some units or buildings, certain resources must be collected within the empire and connected to the empires trade network by roads or harbours (for example, horses are needed for mounted units, and iron for swords, while stone or marble increase production of certain Wonders.).

Buildings perform any number of different functions depending on building type; for example, early buildings such as granaries improve food storage to boost the city's growth and barracks produce better military units, while later buildings such as factories increase general production levels. There are also a number of unique buildings throughout the game. Most notable are World Wonders, which can be accessed through research nodes in the technology tree and construction through the worker unit. World Wonders provide advantages that are unique to each civilization, as they are limited to only one or two players.

Through buildings and specialists, each city also generates the "Culture" resource that contributes towards both the area upon which the city can influence for extracting resources and the overall civilization's cultural value. When two cities of different civilizations are adjacent to each other, the culture values of each city influences the space they can control; it is even possible that a city close to another civilization's city will join that civilization if their culture is strong enough. The high levels of culture gathering and attainment are also one of the default conditions that can be used to win the game.

Technology, government and religion
Once the first city has been founded, the player can select their first technology node from the game's technology tree to research, once the required number of research points have been accumulated, the technology is obtained. As with other types of technology trees, more advanced technology nodes require the research of other previous technology nodes. The player can also select a future technology and immediately place into the game queue any technology nodes between the current technology level and the specified technology node. Technology can also determine another win condition; several endgame technology nodes are required to develop a colony ship to reach Alpha Centauri.

Within the technology tree are technology nodes relating to government civics and state religions, each with their own pros and cons. The player has the option of selecting which set of government civics or state religions that the player wants their civilization to follow, but not all civics and religions can be encompassed.

Once the player has formally met another civilization, they can perform diplomacy at any time. For example, if the two civilizations are on friendly terms, the player can ask to trade units and/or technology for gold and vice versa, or request opening of national borders in order to freely explore in the other civilization's territories. The player can also use the diplomacy menu to request help in a war against a third civilization, or formally declare war on any civilization in which they engage diplomacy.

Religion plays a much more important role in Civilization IV than in the previous installments of the franchise. Impacting many of the game's key mechanics like government civics and diplomatic relations, the game's new religious system, according to Firaxis Games producer Barry Caudill, was added to increase gameplay depth over the entire game. The game features seven religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Taoism) that are founded by the first civilization to research a certain technology which varies per religion. Religions can then be spread actively through the production of missionary units or passively through means such as trade routes. Religions may be spread to domestic and foreign cities and there is no limit to the number of religions that can be present in any single city. The player may only choose one state religion at a time and all seven offer identical advantages (e.g. cities with the state religion receive bonuses in happiness, and potentially in production, science, gold and even military unit experience points).

Customization
Civilization IV is much more open to modification than its predecessors were. Game data and rules are stored in XML files, and a Software Development Kit was released in April 2006 to allow customization of game AI. The map editor supports Python.

The World Builder allows a player to either design a map from scratch or edit a preloaded template map as a starting point for a new game. The player can modify the map by placing and modifying any number of rivers, landmasses, mountains, resources, units, and cities, as well as their attributes such as Culture generation. The World Builder for Civilization IV is in-game, in contrast to previous Civilization games where the Map Editor was an external application.

More game attributes are stored in XML files, which can be edited with an external text editor or application. On September 20, 2005, Firaxis Games senior producer Barry Caudill stated that "[e]diting these files will allow players to tweak simple game rules and change or add content. For instance, they can add new unit or building types, change the cost of wonders, or add new civilizations. Players can also change the sounds played at certain times or edit the play list for your soundtrack."

The Civilization IV software development kit was released on April 13, 2006, to coincide with the release of the v1.61 patch. The kit allows players to view, modify, or even completely re-write the game's DLL source code, enabling the modification of the game's AI and other integral parts of the game that were previously not accessible.

Production and development
The game engine for Civilization IV was built entirely from scratch, with some help from NDL's Gamebryo engine. This decision resulted in a full 3D immersion of the game, which was the first in the series, and which allowed easier readability and smoother, more in-depth zooming capabilities. Some of the quotes relating to the technology tree and narration for the game were provided by Leonard Nimoy. The soundtrack for the game features compositions of Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque origin, and design for the title music was influenced by The Lion King. Composer Christopher Tin wrote the opening theme song "Baba Yetu" (Swahili "Our Father"), a rendition of the Lord's Prayer, which was performed by Stanford University's Talisman A Cappella. The song, when rereleased, became the first piece of video game music to be nominated for and to win a Grammy Award.

Mods
Sid Meier's Civilization IV also released some bonus content, mainly to show modding capabilities:
 * Earth – This is the world map of the game, based on the Robinson projection of the Earth in order to optimize its size. 124x68 tiles large, it features just 9 ancient civilizations. An 18 civilizations version of this mod was later released which won the first prize at a GameFlood modding contest.
 * Earth Ice Age – This map is set in the world during the last ice age (20,000 years before present), with 11 randomly picked civilizations.
 * Greek World – To reenact the classical Mediterranean, a special map was made, based on Hecataeus' map of the world as it was known by the Greeks. Extra detail was also borrowed from other ancient sources such as Homer, Ptolemy, and Herodotus.
 * Rhye's and Fall of Civilization – This mod changes much of the core settings of the game as an attempt at maintaining a sense of historical realism into the game. In order to do this, it introduces other features such as plagues and congresses.
 * Fall from Heaven - a total conversion mod that reimagines the game in a dark fantasy setting, built by Derek Paxton. Its sequel Fall from Heaven II became the most downloaded mod on CivFanatics.

Civilization Anonymous
The game had a viral marketing campaign, revolving around a fictitious self-help organization known as Civilization Anonymous (shortened to CivAnon), the intention being to satirise how addictive the game was. With the slogan "No More Turns", the premise was the following: "Rumors have begun to circulate that the newest edition of the "One More Turn" franchise is on its way. STAY AWAY from this game at all costs. You will likely be powerless to its extreme addictive properties once exposed". Various characters were created, and their scenarios were included in various trailers showing the "inside [of] a Civanon meeting for [Civilization] addicts," the first of which being played during E3 2005 once an hour at the 2K Games booth. These "video testimonials of supposedly recovering Civilization addicts" also featured cameos by Sid Meier. In addition to this, an "official" website was created by 2K Games with extra content. The Civilization Anonymous campaign was brought back for the following game Civilization V. Break described the campaign as "hilarious", while Kotaku described it as a "great promotional campaign" that "comes across as terrifyingly realistic". Destructoid shared this view, saying the support group campaign is "a clever marketing tool", but wishing it existed as "we all know there really are people who suffer from one-more-turn-itis". VantureBeat said the campaign was "incredibly clever and funny", adding "what made it so powerful was not the near-flawless execution and fine detail; it was the fact that it could have been real". 'Ctrl-Alt-Play: Essays on Control in Video Gaming' noted the spoof highlighted the series' "hyper-addictive turn-based gameplay". As part of the Civilization V version of the campaign, 2K Games asked Civilization addicts to submit stories via video in order to win $2,500 and a "framed, limited edition Civilization Anonymous poster signed by Firaxis Games". The 2010 version was "updated for modern concerns, like the franchise's broader audience and iPhone editions of the game acting as a gateway drug."

Release
Civilization IV was published for the Windows and Mac OS X platforms. Aspyr released the Mac OS X version on June 26, 2006, and a Mac digital version was released January 2010 on gameagent.com. Users who quickly purchased the game after initial release reported having problems playing the game on particular sets of video drivers, which were later resolved by a Firaxis patch, according to GameSpy. By the end of March 2008, the game sold over three million units. Firaxis Games has also published two expansion packs for Civilization IV, entitled Civilization IV: Warlords and Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword. A remake of the original 1994 Sid Meier's Colonization, rebuilt with Civilization IV's game engine and titled Civilization IV: Colonization, was released for Mac and PC as a standalone game and later bundled with the two expansions as Civilization IV: The Complete Edition.

Sales
Civilization IV was a commercial success, and sold more than 1 million units by mid-March 2006. By that time, it had held a top-10 position on every weekly computer game sales chart released by The NPD Group since the game's launch. NPD declared Civilization IV the 11th-best-selling computer game of 2005, and it rose to ninth place on the firm's annual computer game sales chart for the following year. It returned to NPD's year-end top 20 in 2008 with a 13th-place finish. The game also received a "Silver" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. According to Take-Two Interactive, sales of Civilization IV surpassed 3 million units by March 2008.

Critical reviews
Civilization IV received universal critical acclaim with an aggregate score of 94 on Metacritic and an aggregate score of 93.36% on GameRankings. Critics such as GameSpot's Andrew Park praised not only the improvements in the turn-based strategy genre that carried over from other installments in the series, but also noted the game's more advanced 3D computer graphics, difficult AI opponents, and multiplayer feature. The Times praised the improvements of the 3D engine used to generally build the game, and GameGuru appreciated its ability to zoom onto individual squares. IGN commented that the game AI was much more intelligent than it was in Civilization III, which designer Soren Johnson stated was thanks to their "secret pre-beta group" testing the game before release. Game Revolution remarked that "the multiplayer... actually works this time" and GameSpot added that both "single-player and multiplayer options have been improved in Civ IV."

Though it had received mostly positive feedback, video game critics pointed out functions in the game which could have been improved to enhance their enjoyment of the game. Steve Butts from IGN suggested that in-game announcements about enemy achievements should be displayed more prominently, and that the multiplayer feature could have included "an option to save my username and password." Likewise, GameSpy's Dave Kosak pointed out other flaws of the multiplayer interface, stating that it "is a little rough in places. The built-in server browser, for instance, will keep jumping around the list as you try to find a game." GameSpot also noted the lack of a "religion-based victory condition", which downplayed the influence that the revamped religion system was supposed to have on the game.

In August 2016, Civilization IV placed 11th on Time's The 50 Best Video Games of All Time list.

Awards
Civilization IV won multiple awards at various events and gaming websites.
 * IGN chose it as the PC Game of the Year of 2005 over competing titles such as F.E.A.R. and Guild Wars, as the Best Strategy Game (both for PC and overall ) and as the Best Online Game of 2005 for PC. In 2006, IGN ranked it first place on The Editor's Top 10 list and second place on the Top 25 PC Games of All Time list.
 * GameSpot awarded the game Best Strategy Game and Best PC Game, and it was nominated as an entry for Game of the Year.
 * GameSpy named the game Game of the Year, PC Game of the Year, and Best PC Turn-Based Strategy Game of the Year.
 * At the 9th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, Civilization IV won "Strategy Game of the Year", and was nominated for "Computer Game of the Year".
 * At the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards of 2010, the song "Baba Yetu", which was written to be the title theme for Civilization IV, won in the Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist category, because it had been allowed eligibility in the competition through Christopher Tin's inclusion of the song in his subsequent release of his 2009 album Calling All Dawns. This decision made "Baba Yetu" a landmark in video game history as the first Grammy Award nomination and win for any video game theme.

The editors of Computer Games Magazine named Civilization IV the best computer game of 2005, and presented it with their awards for "Best Strategy Game", "Best AI" and "Best Interface". They wrote, "It's a towering achievement, even for a series as revered as this one. Even for long-time fans of the series, playing Civilization IV is like discovering it for the very first time." Civilization IV also won PC Gamer US's "Best Turn-Based Strategy Game 2005" award. The magazine's Dan Stapleton called it "a huge facelift to a winning formula." It was nominated as PC Gamer US's "Best Multiplayer Game 2005" and overall game of the year, but lost in these categories to Battlefield 2.

title: Civilization IV