text:
Talk:Francis Ford Coppola

Drug use or abuse
'Use' is a statement of fact. 'Abuse' is a pov. Unless you can say who thought it was an abuse, let's stick to saying it was use. Guttlekraw 00:00, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think that if you could find some kind of self-admission that he had a problem, then "abuse" would be npov. As it stands, Coppola is the only one to judge, and "use" gets the meaning across just as well. Bodhidharma 00:48, Apr 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Guttlekraw is on a mission to insert the term recreational drug use in place of drug abuse all across Wikipedia. In the past few days, he has changed direct quotes to medical journals to reflect his bias, as well as making changes to articles about books -- all without citing any sources of any kind. He has been asked to review the NPOV policy but doesn't appear to have done so.  I have reverted his changes, as there is plenty of substantiating information regarding drug abuse in this context.  It's mentioned in a BBC news article, in the book Francis Ford Coppola: Close Up the Making of His Movies by Ronald Bergan, and in the film Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse. --Viriditas  | Talk 20:27, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Erm, getting to the point, which is this article - the balance of comments on this page is that 'use' is NPOV, while 'abuse' reflects some peoples characterisation of the use. If you want to state that Ronald Bergan thought that the drug use that took place was abusive, that's one thing, but to state as a fact that it was is not NPOV. Everything that you mention above are peoples opinions about the drug use. That's fine, but it is not facts. Guttlekraw 21:19, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Your interpreation is incorrect, plus your motivation is suspect since you are attempting to remove the term drug abuse from many articles at this time, and in most cases, you have damaged those articles leaving errors in your wake of destruction. You have provided absolutely no sources that claim that something other than drug abuse was present behind the scenes.  In fact, the drug abouse was documented by  ...Fax Bahr and George Hickenlooper's excellent documentary Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse and wife Eleanor Coppola's diary Notes...[the film was] burdened by a lack of clear purpose, an abuse of drugs and alcohol, and a daily exposure to madness and violence. . See also, E! online: The production of Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam epic Apocalypse Now was plagued by hard drugs. Most of the cast and crew became addicts during the months of filming in the South Pacific.  Martin Sheen nearly lost his life on the set. Costar Marlon Brando didn't fare much better. Dennis Hopper, who was legendary for drug battles as well as his Easy Rider success, continued his descent on Apocalypse Now.  "Dennis became a social pariah," says director George Hickenlooper, whose powerful documentary Heart of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse goes behind the scenes of Coppola's movie.  --Viriditas  | Talk 00:55, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Please pay attention. I suggested that we state that drug use took place. Do you think that the people involved thought it was abuse? No, some comentators said it was abuse. Let's say who they are. I have left the reference in, but stated who said it. That is called citing your sources. Guttlekraw 03:04, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It is you who is not paying attention as your replies on this talk page demonstrate. Your opinion is not supported by the facts, nor have you offered any evidence for your claim that it was "recreational drug use" as opposed to drug abuse.  You campaign of changing the term "drug abuse" to recreactional drug use across the Wikipedia is your attempt to insert your POV and is a violation of policy. --Viriditas  | Talk 11:01, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Here is a quote from filmsite.org that says it was 'use', not 'abuse'. After a three to four year wait for the notorious film (that brought other award-winning Vietnam war films to the forefront a year earlier - The Deer Hunter (1978) and Coming Home (1978)), the film that was budgeted at $12 million was something of an extravagant, self-indulgent epic in the making that cost almost $31 million - with much of the film shot on location in the Philippines. The highly-publicized delays and catastrophes in the grueling shoot (scheduled for about 17 weeks but ending up lasting 16 months), along with extra-marital affairs, a grandiose and suicidal director, drug use and other forms of madness, were mostly due to a rain-drenching typhoon (named Olga) and a star-debilitating, near-fatal heart attack for star Martin Sheen. Guttlekraw 03:16, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You don't seem to understand that the link and text you cited references the film itself, and not the behind-the-scenes tell-all that was made about the film by Coppola's wife, which is essentially the source for the drug abuse claims. I suggest you stop changing the term "drug abuse" to "recreational drug use" across the Wikipedia. --Viriditas  | Talk 11:01, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The point is that the source you are using is Coppolas wife. Reference her opinion, don't portray it as fact. Guttlekraw 15:44, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * No, the source is not only Coppola's wife, but other sources, and it is an accurate description of the circumstances. If your hands were clean, you might have some kind of point, but your contribution history demonstrates that your mission on Wikipedia is to remove the term "drug abuse" and replace it with "recreational drug use", and that is not accurate in any sense.   --Viriditas  | Talk 22:59, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Let's just cite the sources, and say that it is their opinion. There is no sense in which the term 'drug abuse' can be anything but an opinion - it is a value judgement. That's fine, but let's say whose judgement it is, and not try to pass it off as a fact. And stop with the attacks. Trying to demonize me doesn't change the fact that your case has no merit. Guttlekraw 06:35, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)

3RR
Guttlekraw, I've explained the 3RR to you, so why do you keep violating it?

 * 1) 03:02, 14 Apr 2005
 * 2) 15:26, 13 Apr 2005
 * 3) 23:59, 12 Apr 2005
 * 4) 20:43, 12 Apr 2005
 * 5) 19:21, 12 Apr 2005

--Viriditas | Talk 11:50, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * They're not reverts, but attempts to reach compromise. Look the word up. This is a collaborative effort - if you spent more time working on a collaborative approach and less time scrutinising whether there was some procedural rule you could complain about you would get more done. I am clearly not simply reverting, but trying to understand why you insist on inserting your pov into this article. Guttlekraw 06:34, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Your edits are classified as reverts, so I suggest you talk to an admin. I have been working collaboratively on multiple articles while you have been waging an edit war across Wikipedia in your zeal to change every instance of "drug abuse" to "recreational drug use".  Clearly, it is you who is inserting your POV into articles, and you went so far as to change direct quotes to referenced medical journals.  You aren't fooling anyone. --Viriditas  | Talk 08:06, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Please try to stick to the point. Every time you loose an argument on the facts you pull some smoke and mirrors about something totally different. We're talking about FFC. Your argument has no merit, deal with it and move on - stop this harrassment of anyone who doesn't subscribe to your point of view. Guttlekraw 19:18, 20 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The evidence has been offered, policies have been explained to you, and your campaign of removing the term "drug abuse" from the Wikipedia is clearly a POV violation on your part. You have gone so far ast to modify cited text from scientific journals, books by authors, psychiatric studies, and clinical definitions. This is not acceptable.  I'm starting to think you are nothing but a troll. --Viriditas  | Talk 00:18, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Please try to focus. We are talking about FFC. We are talking about in whose opinion the drug use that took place on the set was 'abuse'. I have not removed the term drug abuse, that is a flat out lie. I have placed a referenced comment to his biographer stating who thought that the use was abuse. What more do you want? Oh yes. You only want your point of view to be represented. You think I am a troll? ROTFL. Guttlekraw 00:21, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * You are a troll, as your edit history demonstrates. You have consistently removed the term drug abuse from the article, and the history shows that fact.  This is all about your POV, not mine, and multiple sources have documented drug abuse on the set, from the BBC, E! Online , to Ronald Bergan (Francis Ford Coppola: Close Up the Making of His Movies by , to Karl French (Apocalypse Now : A Bloomsbury Movie Guide (Bloomsbury Movie Guide) to Fax Bahr, George Hickenlooper, and Eleanor Coppola (Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse''). , --Viriditas  | Talk 13:16, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Veriditas's continual reverts
Veriditas has continued to revert without giving any justification or citation for the claim that 'drug abuse' took place on the set of AN. I ask yet again, please cite the source for this misleading statement. Guttlekraw 13:49, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Isn't a compromise possible? You both have reasonable arguments for "use" and "abuse".  Can you find a way to describe what happened that is less POV than saying "abuse", yet conveys what actually happened.  How about "wide spread drug use characterized by some as abuse" or something similar? --Samuel Wantman 05:58, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Great idea - perhaps you can suggest something, since V and I seem to be having some difficulty! What about attributing the comment to someone who described it? That would work for me, Guttlekraw 09:43, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not having any difficulty, nor is this a controversial issue in any way. Multiple sources have documented drug abuse on the set, so there is no need to attribute the statement to one claimant as this is a known fact.  Sources include the BBC, E! Online , to Ronald Bergan (Francis Ford Coppola: Close Up the Making of His Movies) to Karl French (Apocalypse Now : A Bloomsbury Movie Guide) to Fax Bahr, George Hickenlooper, and Eleanor Coppola (Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse). .  Further, this source has always been attributed in the context of the content you keep removing, so your dispute as well as your claim is without merit. --Viriditas  | Talk 13:22, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for finally referencing this claim, I think it is necessary to attribute this opinion. All of the references you give are either entertainment columns or biographies. As opinions they are fine, but they reflect the views of onlookers. I think it is reasonable to assume that the participants did not view the use as abuse. I don't know why you would refuse a perfectly reasonable compromise attempt. Oh wait, yes I do. Guttlekraw 14:11, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Again, you are distorting the facts. This "claim" has been referenced (to Hearts of Darkness) before you started changing it, due to your campaign to remove the term drug abuse from Wikipedia.  And, I've provided many other references since April 13, 2005, while you keep claiming that no references have been cited.  This is a bizarre tactic you appear to use on multiple articles. --Viriditas  | Talk 08:22, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I would suggest that everyone involved here try to put more effort into working on a compromise. I thought that the following was a start:
 * The film, entitled Apocalypse Now (1979), was beset by numerous problems, including typhoons, drug use (characterised as drug abuse by many, including Ronald Bergan, Coppola's biographer ), nervous breakdowns, Martin Sheen's heart attack, and Marlon Brando's bloated appearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shooting him in the shadows).
 * For the sake of style, I'd prefer:
 * The film, entitled Apocalypse Now (1979), was beset by numerous problems, including typhoons, drug use, nervous breakdowns, Martin Sheen's heart attack, and Marlon Brando's bloated appearance (which Coppola attempted to hide by shooting him in the shadows). The drug use by cast and crew, has been characterised as drug abuse by many, including Ronald Bergan, Coppola's biographer
 * I'm requesting that Viriditas and Jayjg please explain what they find objectionable about either version? Why? If there is something objectionable, is there a way we can fix it without removing drug use?  Jayjg, what is the consensus that you refer to in you edit summary? --Samuel Wantman 07:37, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Guttlekraw's agenda is to remove the term drug abuse from Wikipedia. The fact is that drug abuse has been removed from the original article and replaced with drug use.  Sam Bottom and Dennis Hopper's drug abuse on the set is well documented, both in books and in the documentary that the original claim was attributed to before Guttlekraw started removing the term drug abuse from Wikipedia articles. --Viriditas  | Talk 08:28, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * It doesn't help for both of you to revert each other based on your perceptions of each other's motivations. Please tell me what is wrong with the compromise.  It has the term drug abuse.  What are you objecting to?  It is a compromise.  It states that there was drug use.  It states that the drug use has been called drug abuse.  This is obviously a controversial issue.  Can we state the controversy without resolving it in the article? == Samuel Wantman 08:57, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but you haven't been following the edit history. This issue is in fact not controversial, except to Guttlekraw, which is essentailly the problem.  The source consensus adheres to the definition of drug abuse, which ironically, Guttlekraw has attempted to change for more than a month.  Before Guttlekraw started pushing his revisionist POV on this and other pages, drug abuse was adequately and accurately cited in reference to the documentary, Hearts of Darkness.  This is supported by many sources which are currently listed on this page, and the drug abuse on set is widely documented by the actors themselves.  There is nothing controversial about stating there was drug abuse on the set.  Futher, the consensus of authors and academics like Cynthia Fuchs at George Mason University, describes drug abuse: [Hearts of Darkness] is assembled from footage taken by Eleanor Coppola (FFC's wife) during Apocalypse Now's principal photography in the Philippines from 1977-78...recent interviews with the principal players (including both Coppolas, George Lucas, Sam Bottoms, Frederic Forrest, and Dennis Hopper, whose wry confession--"I was not in the greatest of shape"--is evidenced by his amazing fried-brain performance as the photographer at Kurtz's compound)...In Hearts this journey back and back seems like a regression to mythic darkness and human souls, but it's also about money and exploitation and abuse, very mundane and familiar problems after all...The saga includes...lots of drugs...Interviewed later, a grown-up Fishburne and others recall excesses of drugs...  --Viriditas  | Talk 09:14, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand your point, but what I don't understand is what it is you find objectionable in the compromise? Drugs were taken, it was extensive, people have called it abuse.  What is wrong with that?  Can you tweak it to make it acceptable, short of reverting it?  I'm really trying to mediate this.  I don't have a personal agenda.  I'm just tired of watching BOTH of you constantly fight about this. -- Samuel Wantman 09:21, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The original article attributed the abuse to the documentary film. There is nothing wrong with the original wording, nor is it controversial, however much Guttlekraw would like to make it appear. --Viriditas  | Talk 09:41, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

Thank you Sam, I am happy with either of your versions. I do not, contrary to V's claim, want to removed references to 'drug abuse', I simply want to point out that it is a judgement, and point out who made it. Guttlekraw3 09:35, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The edit history clearly demonstrates that for the past month, you have attemped to remove the reference to drug abuse and replace it with other terms, including drug use. Please provide a reputable citation that criticizes the use of the term drug abuse in relation to the film. --Viriditas  | Talk 09:41, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Please stop your ad hominem attacks and focus on the question at hand. What is wrong with Samuel's proposed version? Guttlekraw3 09:46, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The only ad hominems have been from you, which you have conveniently removed. Again, I ask you to please provide a reputable citation that criticizes the use of the term drug abuse in relation to the film.  --Viriditas  | Talk 09:50, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I am unaware of any attempt at a compromise until recently. Whatever the history, I don't think it is relevant now.  Please, Viriditas, tell me what is wrong with the compromise above?  You can add quotes from Fishbourne and Hopper that talk about their own ABUSE of drugs.  I would bet that there was quite a range of drug use, from an occasional beer to heroin addiction.  Let's work together to create an accurate picture of what happened. -- Samuel Wantman 09:49, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The history is relevant only in the sense that Guttlekraw is denying edits that are recorded in the history. But, I agree, let's put that aside for a moment.  The original article is accurate, in that it alludes to the documentary film's portrayal of drug abuse, which as far as I am aware, is not controversial.  So essentially, there is no reason to change what is already accurate.  Now, if we can show that there are reputable authors who disagree with calling this drug abuse, then by all means add those critics.  My question for you then, is what is wrong with the current version, as you see it?  Currently, the article states, The 1991 documentary film Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, directed by Eleanor Coppola (Francis's wife)...chronicles the difficulties the crew went through making Apocalypse Now, and features behind the scenes footage filmed by Eleanor. --Viriditas  | Talk 10:45, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I am trying to broker a compromise so we can all move on to more productive things. If you can tell me what is wrong with the compromise we can try to fix it.  I am trying not to take a position on any version.  I like the compromise because it says more than the original.  It has links to both drug use and drug abuse.  I am trying to understand what you find objectionable in it, other than it being a change.  I don't think objecting because something has changed is a reason to block consensus.  The only way to solve this is to move forward and not rehash the past. -- Samuel Wantman 10:58, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The so-called "compromise" isn't as accurate as the original version which attributes the "difficulties" to the documentary film. Most (if not all) of the sources which describe drug abuse, primarily refer to that film.  I'm not sure how you can improve upon that. Again, if this was a controversial topic, or disputed with credible sources, a compromise would be demanded.  But as the edit history so clearly demonstrates, that is not the case.  FYI...I'm going to be away from my desk for the next hour, so I won't be able to respond until I get back. --Viriditas  | Talk 11:07, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There are several sources cited for the difficulties. The ones that I read said that virtually the entire cast and crew were taking drugs or drinking.  I'd be surprised if everyone was abusing drugs.  By saying drug use that seems to imply that everyone's imbibing was a problem even if some people were not abusing drugs.  I frankly think it is an improvement because it has the possibility of having people compare the articles on drug use and drug abuse.  I'm going to bed.  Perhaps we can sleep on this.  I'm hoping you can think about not objecting to the compromise so we can all move on.  Consensus means that you don't have to agree with something 100%, but rather agree to not disagree.  Good-night. -- Samuel Wantman 11:17, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Guttlekraw3, please be quiet and let me have this conversation. --Samuel Wantman 09:51, 26 May 2005 (UTC)

 * As I said below, every reference we have either specifically mentioend "drug abuse", or described behaviour that matches the definition of "drug abuse" as found in the "drug abuse" article. Those references are not talking about diabetics taking their insulin, or people with high blood pressure taking their blood pressure medication. Use of the term "drug use" is actually potentially misleading in this case. And since the argument here is about whether the term "drug use" or "drug abuse" should be used, choosing "drug use" will not be a "compromise". Jayjg (talk)  18:00, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Happily, but did a conversation happen? Guttlekraw3 11:02, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * The conversation is still on-going. -- Samuel Wantman

Another comromise attempt
O.K. Here's my latest attempt at a compromise. In reading over Jayjg's comments and Viriditas' They make the point that it is the "drug abuse" that was cited as being a problem with the film, not "drug use". Guttlekraw has cites for "drug use" as a problem. Viriditas has said,
 * "The so-called "compromise" isn't as accurate as the original version which attributes the "difficulties" to the documentary film. Most (if not all) of the sources which describe drug abuse, primarily refer to that film.  I'm not sure how you can improve upon that."

In reading over the original and changed text the only thing that changes back and forth is "use" and "abuse". I didn't read any version that clearly attributes the difficulties to the documentary film. The citations do lead to the documentary, but the text of this article does not state that clearly. Perhaps we can improve on it working together. So here's what I suggest.
 * Make the attribution of drug abuse clear, and only connect it to people's assessment of the problems.
 * If drug use is used in the article, have it used as a statement of fact as to what happened. This could be modified with adjectives, e.g. "extensive drug and alcohol use".  I don't think anyone contends that there wasn't extensive drug and alcohol use.

Here is my attempt at a new version:
 * Following the success of The Godfather and its sequel, Coppola set about filming an ambitious version of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, set during the Vietnam War. The film, entitled Apocalypse Now (1979) was delayed so often it was nicknamed Apocalypse Whenever. The 1991 documentary film Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse chronicles the difficulties the crew went through making Apocalypse Now. The documentary features behind the scenes footage of events filmed by Francis' wife Eleanor Coppola including typhoons, extensive drug and alcohol use and various health problems.    Martin Sheen suffered a heart attack half way through the shoot.   Marlon Brando's appearance was so bloated that Coppola attempted to hide it by filming Brando in shadows.  The documentary claims that drug abuse was so rampant that "most of the cast and crew became addicts during the months of filming."    Apocalypse Now was equally lauded and hated by critics when it finally appeared, and the cost nearly bankrupted Coppola's nascent studio American Zoetrope.

I hope this version can be made acceptable by everyone. I think it needs a better quote about drug abuse, preferably one that is directly from the documentary.

So I'd like your responses. I don't want to hear that it is not as good as the original. That will not move us forward. What I want to hear is the MINIMAL change to what I've written that would make it acceptable. Please, limit your responses your suggested changes and your reasons for the changes. I'm requesting that Guttlekraw wait to respond until after I try to work out something with Viriditas and Jayjg. --Samuel Wantman 01:12, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I've temporarily removed the reference to drugs (drug abuse) until we can work this out. I'm currently reviewing and comparing sources in order to formulate an informed response.  These sources include: Bahr and Hickenlooper's film, Hearts of Darkness; Biskind's Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-and-Rock 'N' Roll Generation Saved Hollywood; Coppola's Notes on the Making of Apocalypse Now; Cowie's The Apocalypse Now Book and Coppola; French's Apocalypse Now : A Bloomsbury Movie Guide; and Haber's online essay, Deconstructing Francis. I'm also comparing the opinions of reputable film critics, and I'll probably ask a few film experts to comment on this discussion. --Viriditas  | Talk 13:48, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

 * So after all that petty squabbling way back when, in the end ALL references to drug use/abuse ended up going by the wayside?Robbmonster (talk) 08:34, 27 July 2020 (UTC)

Pronunciation?
Got an argument here about how to pronounce his name; which syllable is accented - COPPola vs CopPOLa ("U.S" vs. "Italian" pronunciation of this???). Can we please find a source for this and put an audio clip in the article? Thanks. -- 201.37.230.43 (talk) 03:32, 30 April 2009 (UTC)
 * One various DVD commentaries, Coppola himself pronounces it as COPE-oh-luh.Robbmonster (talk) 08:36, 27 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Yuck. Three dictionaries are the sources for the pronunciation given in this article, and in my long experience with dictionaries, they often get the surnames of famous people shockingly wrong. 67.83.99.134 (talk) 18:48, 16 January 2021 (UTC)corpho

DSO
What's your evidence that the Detroit Symphony Orchestra was Carmine Coppola's orchestra? --Ring Cinema (talk) 16:05, 16 March 2013 (UTC)

I assume you are addressing me. My evidence is the reliable reference I provided. But let's back up a bit. Your premise is false. If you look at the wording in the article surrounding the Henry Ford stuff, what I inserted says nothing about the DSO being Coppola's orchestra. The Henry Ford connection is with Coppola's radio orchestra (for which he was assistant director). That's what the accompanying reference I included (which replaced the dead link/reference you keep reinserting). The dead link ss no longer a relevant nor reliable reference to back up what you say is truth because it's neither true nor available to fact-check. To advance what I'm saying as true (regarding Coppola's middle name) even further, here is yet another reliable reference that says the same thing as the reference I provided originally: Carmine Coppola as asst. director for "Ford Sunday Evening Hour" orchestra. I intend to add the new reference to the other one I found as well as the name of Coppola's radio orchestra and that he was assistant director. It all seems pertinent to add since it appears to be correct (two separate reliable references say so, after all). I can't do that until it's safe to do so, considering the 3RR warnings you and I both received as a result of this silly edit war. Winkelvi (talk) 01:16, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Your text leaves open the idea that it was Coppola's orchestra and mine doesn't. You leave out he was the flutist. And, as you seem aware, it is loose phrasing to say it was his program. He worked on it, and not even as the leader of the band.--Ring Cinema (talk) 13:51, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

Wow. You either didn't read what I wrote above or you were unable to comprehend what I wrote. Winkelvi (talk) 14:32, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

 * You haven't addressed my post. If you are trying to say that you were mistaken about your misleading text and the omission on Coppoloa's role with the orchestra, that is fine. If you prefer the misleading text or the missing facts, you should say so or I will assume you realize your error. --Ring Cinema (talk) 17:00, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

I wasn't trying to say anything other than what was written. I said what I did and I meant what I said. It's all there in black and white. Nothing hidden and certainly nothing about misleading text. There was no misleading text. There was no omission. Nice try at twisting the truth. Perhaps you'd like to explain why you keep reverting back to incorrect, non-referenced information and a dead link that doesn't exist anymore? Can't imagine why anyone would prefer that version of text in a BLP. Pretty sure Mr. "Coppoloa" would be offended by the incorrect, inaccurate version you keep trying to push. Winkelvi (talk) 19:16, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Nothing twisted. You have repaired your damage. You mention that he was lead flutist, correcting your earlier mistake. You don't erroneously refer to Ford and Carmine as friends any more. Well done. And you repaired your horrible misleading sentence, too, that you borrowed from the source. That's how it should work and now the errors you introduced are apparently all gone. That's great. --Ring Cinema (talk) 19:53, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

There was no damage. There was no earlier mistake. I stopped referring to them as friends several reverts ago. There was no horrible misleading sentence. I don't need/want your condescending approval or "well done". Winkelvi (talk) 04:44, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

I observe that whenever your revisions are challenged, your reaction is always an immediate confrontation. It need not be like this. If you try to see the other person's point of view, rather than adopt an aggressive attitude, you will discover that editing Wikipedia is a much more pleasing experience. Sincerely, – Gareth Griffith-Jones   – The Welsh  Buzzard''  – 08:43, 18 March 2013 (UTC)
 * @ Winkelvi (talk).

I observe that whenever I or anyone else makes revisions to the articles you guard, your reaction is always an immediate reversion. It need not be like this. If you see that others have a right to make changes to the articles you feel you and Ring Cinema and OldJacobite own, rather than adopt an aggressive attitude, you will discover editing Wikipedia is not all about you. Winkelvi (talk) 14:03, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

 * In fact, many of your proposals have been accepted. Not all of them, but that's an unrealistic expectation. When some of your proposals are taken as is and other are rejected, perhaps one could think that each case is taken individually. As I have said already, I am in favor of improvements. Unfortunately, not everything proposed is an improvement. To me, that is reasonable. --Ring Cinema (talk) 18:35, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

Article protected
I have protected the article and restored the state it was in on 28 February, which is the most recent version before Winkelvi and Ring Cinema came along reverting each other. If you guys can agree on a different restore point, I'm happy to restore that version, because I did see some evidence of collaboration amid the warring.

Otherwise, use the talk page to work out an agreement on content. Revert warring and arguing in edit summaries is disruptive, and unacceptable to the Wikipedia project. ~Amatulić (talk) 18:20, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

 * I wasn't aware there was a problem currently. Winkelvi's last edit incorporated all my suggestions. --Ring Cinema (talk) 18:31, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Amatulic: You protected the article? Why?  Seems to be a bit of overkill to me.  Do administrators often go around reverting articles to weeks back and then lock them down?  As Ring cinema said, there's no longer any disagreement.  More importantly, by reverting so far back, you've now done what's not supposed to be done: restored faulty and erroneous content to a BLP.  Not trying to be rude, but, that seems counterproductive as well as stupid.  Winkelvi (talk) 02:07, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Why? Because (a) I saw a 3RR notice on Ring Cinema's talk page, (b) I saw edit warring in the article, (c) I saw ZERO discussion on this talk page since last December, and (d) when discussion was finally initiated, I saw snarky, unproductive comments bordering on personal attacks in the section immediately above. The article was reasonably stable before all this happened, so it made sense to revert back to the last stable version, offering, as I did above, to restore to a different point.

 * Because you agree the current version prior to protection was adequate for continuing, I will unprotect and restore to that point. ~Amatulić (talk) 04:40, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Makes sense to me. Thanks for your help. --Ring Cinema (talk) 13:35, 19 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Ditto. Winkelvi (talk) 13:39, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

Italian-American
I have updated the article with the fact that Coppola is an Italian-American. If anyone has a problem with this please discuss rather then just deleting it as it is becoming increasingly more apparent that the English speaking peoples of wikipedia are hell bent on dominating the cultural landscape of America. Datus (talk) 21:03, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

I don't see what the need for that is at all. Jordancelticsfan (talk) 21:08, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

If one is researching Italian-Americans, yes, it is important. Let's keep it! Gingermint (talk) 02:59, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

 * FFC writes about his Italian family in the IHT's weekly: Back to Bernalda by Francis Ford Coppola, T (International Herald Tribune Style Magazine), December 8, 2012. Asteriks (talk) 19:14, 16 December 2012 (UTC)

In that case, add the fact that he's Italian-American (deleted by some trolls ever since 2007). Here some sources: ''The studio’s production chief, Robert Evans, approached several directors--including Sergio Leone and Costa Gavras--about The Godfather before hiring the relatively unknown Francis Ford Coppola, who was only 31 years old at the time. As an Italian American himself, Coppola strove to make the film an authentic representation of the time period and the culture'' http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/francis-ford-coppolas-the-godfather-opens

''•Among the many Italian Americans in Hollywood is the legendary father-and-son team of Carmine and Francis Ford Coppola, who won four Oscars in 1975 for The Godfather, Part II. Carmine, who was a flautist for Arturo Toscanini, composed the soundtrack and Francis, who first won an Oscar for Patton, directed the film.'' http://www.niaf.org/research/contribution.asp

Other links http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?081+ful+SJ155 http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Ha-La/Italian-Americans.html etc. --Karanko (talk) 16:48, 11 May 2013 (UTC) –  Gareth Griffith-Jones | The Welsh Buzzard| — 21:40, 11 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I have just done so, although I am wondering why you did not –

Gareth, because it is useless. As you can see, someone deleted your changes too. Maybe the same trolls. Karanko (talk) 14:13, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I think we might try to find a compromise. I am sympathetic to both positions because Coppola is first an American, as American as there is. From that perspective, he shouldn't be pigeonholed as Italian-American; in our cultural context this might seem to be an effort to diminish his work as not fully American. On the other hand, he clearly comes from a cultural milieu informed by a heritage of Italians in America, and it is good to recognize the accomplishments of this group. So, let's try a little bit to recognize without the other implication. My suggestion is that in the lede we identify him by nationality only and later take up the effect of the film as an issue of Italian culture in the United States as told by one of their own. --Ring Cinema (talk) 18:21, 18 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Coppola is Italian-American, I already cited some reliable sources (see NIAF). About nationality, I let you know that Francis Ford Coppola is honorary citizen of Bernalda (Basilicata, Italy) ever since 1989, where you can see his home, and he has Italian passport too. --Karanko (talk) 07:49, 9 July 2013 (UTC)

http://www.niaf.org/news/news_monthly/2005/october_2005.asp?print=1& http://lifestyle.tiscali.it/sposi/articoli/2011/matrimoni_celebri/sofia_coppola.html?matrimoni_celebri http://www.nunzioalfredodangieri.com/en/articoli/s-e-nunzio-alfredo-dangeri-somewhere/

 * No one is disputing that. He is an American and an Italian-American. So, for the reasons I mentioned, it would be good to find a compromise of some kind. Is there another compromise proposal? --Ring Cinema (talk) 09:10, 9 July 2013 (UTC)

 * What compromise? This is a sterile debate. He has double citizenship with the U.S. and Italy, so he's Italian-American! It is clear to me. --Karanko (talk) 07:27, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure how much is gained by saying that both sides can't be understood. I understand both sides, I think, and don't agree that only one side is legitimate or accurate. Coppola's identification as an American filmmaker is well-founded, since citizenship is only one aspect of that. Checking his birth, his upbringing, residence, place of work, where he founded his business, where he raised his family, I see that all are American. His films all have American settings and themes. All of Coppola's films are foreign films to Italians. All of that is not overridden by his second passport. --Ring Cinema (talk) 14:05, 10 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Ring Cinema, movies like Black Stallion, The Godfather etc where made in Italy too (Sardinia, Rome, Sicily and so on), he has residence in Italy (Bernalda), where he spent a lot of time (also, his daughter's marriage took place there), and even his own business (Palazzo Margherita is one of the most beautiful Luxury Hotels in Italy, and he's the owner). Really, I don't want to polemize, but I want only to be costructive. I showed you the sources, if you don't believe me, contact the NIAF.org and ask them. They know Francis Ford Coppola.

--Karanko (talk) 08:28, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

Before I get also described as a troll, and apparently reported to NIAF for 'discrimination' (this was a comment made on IRC)...per WP:OPENPARA, ethnicity should not be mentioned in the opening paragraph unless it is specifically relevant to notability, which in this case it is not. Coppola's ethic background is adequately addressed in the discussion of his family background in the first paragraph of the "Early life" section.

That he acquired Italian citizenship is a trivial detail, which I mentioned in the infobox. In the article body, if anywhere, it should be mentioned at the appropriate place in the "Personal life" section, or "Honors" if it was granted to him in that way (the sources just say he has had an Italian passport since about 2004). He became 'notable' as an American filmmaker, but I removed the word 'American' from the lead since it is no longer 'technically' correct (I'm not atteched to it not being there, though).

I reverted User:Karanko's edit instead of just changing things because it was, to be honest, seriously broken (7 citations, including duplicates, in a 2 sentence opening paragraph, punctuation between inline cites, etc.). For the lead of a B-class article, it was totally unacceptable.

Karanko, please avoid personal attacks and assume good faith (specifically, do not describe other editors as trolls) and do not continue to 'edit war' in the article about this issue. The discussion belongs here until (if) a consensus is established that your changes are appropriate, and, if that is established, given your admission that you have been trying to make the same changes under different (lost) usernames for years and it has repeatedly been changed back, you are not the person who should be making the change if consensus is established that it is appropriate. Revent (talk) 09:20, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Revent, agree with you, I was tired and reacted badly to your/ring cinema answers, sorry for that, but you must consider that the ethnic group is fundamental, and drives you directly to the Italian-American page, and wikipedia doesn't say that you cannot write it in the lead. Also, it is not an effort to diminish Coppola's work as not fully American, nor I wrote that ''he became notable as an Italian-American'.

I never wrote something like that. But he is Italian-American, he has dual nationality (and the Italian passport is recognised in EU) and we must accept it. This is a free encyclopedia, and IMHO the sources, the reference materials that I added, enriched the writing. --Karanko (talk) 10:56, 11 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Your points are fine but there are all these other considerations that also count for a lot. I would point out that Coppola is not on Wikipedia's list of Italian film directors so apparently it is well known to Italians that he's not Italian. Now, is he Italian-American? Yes, of course, he is and that belongs in the article at some point. We should be as accurate about this as we can be. To claim that he's as much Italian as he is American is a distortion, not an effort to get things right. --Ring Cinema (talk) 00:04, 12 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Where's the distortion? Are you saying that the dual nationality is a lie spread by Niaf? Thanks for your answer. --Karanko (talk) 13:09, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I don't think that is what he was saying at all... please read the discussion of ethnicity and nationality in biography leads at WP:OPENPARA. The lead is supposed to be a 'summary of who they are any why they became notable'...it is supposed to give basic bio details like birth and death, and a brief description of why the person is notable. Nobody (as far as I can tell) is trying to claim that any of the 'facts' you are stating are incorrect, but merely that they are not especially signifigant to the reason that he became notable, and thus don't belong in the lead. The policy for not mentioning ethnicity in the lead unless is it somehow particularly signifigant to the person's notability is actually directly intended to try to avoid 'edit wars' about a person's ethnicity, some of which have a well-known reputation as examples of "the lamest edit wars of Wikipedia" (that is not /my/ description, such wars, such as the one about whether or not Alexander the Great was Macedonian or Albanian, are widely used as examples).
 * The fact is all of the directing work that made Coppola famous (The Godfather, Apocaplyse Now, etc.) was done decades before he was given Italian citizenship, when he only had American nationality, and thus that is how he became known, and how he should be described in the lead. The other details of ethnicity and nationality should be mentioned in the body of the article and in the infobox, but not in the lead.
 * Honestly, you are really starting to verge on the 'disruptive failure to get the point' that could justify an admin banning you from editing this article at all. By your own admission, you have been trying to make this change for an extremely long time.....when multiple editors, over a long period, change it back, that is NOT 'trolling'....it is a fairly express demonstration of consensus. The 'consensus' about WP:OPENPARA is /very/ widespread....similar changes have been removed from a LOT of bios. Really, you're not going to win this. Sorry. Revent (talk) 20:03, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I think it is questionable to describe his nationality as Italian. Citizenship and nationality are not the same thing. Since Coppola's culture is Italian-American, it seems a stretch to say he's Italian. --Ring Cinema (talk) 00:47, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Kinda a matter of the technicality...what I pointed out somewhere about the source just saying he had an Italian passport, and not giving specific details. (in some countries, though I don't know specifically about Italy, you can have a passport without actually being a citizen) Honestly, I kinda classed the detail of him being a 'national' as just opposed to having a passport as the kind of 'trivial noncontroversial biographical detail in an infobox' that can be used until someone actually disputes it....reasonable interpretation of the source, IMO. Trying to explain that he has a passport but might not actually be a national would kinda be giving undue weight to what I think is a remote possibility, and if he is an Italian national it should be in the infobox.
 * Either way, more of a 'consensus of opinion' than a 'this is right and this is wrong thing'...not in the category of 'explicitly against policy' or 'defamation in a BLP' or (hopefully) 'silly edit war bait'. (opinions instead of reverts, hint hint) :P
 * FWIW, the 'rfc bio' was cause this is a high priority Biog, and since this has apparently a back-and-forth thing an expression of consensus here might be a goodness and prevent this from dragging on in slow motion. (It is somewhat possible that my impression of his ethnicity being irrelevant to his notability is actually against consensus, though I doubt it. I didn't actually try to 'count references' to see if his ethnicity was mentioned in the majority of the sources or not.) Revent (talk) 04:13, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Being a national, a person's nationality, one's citizenship, and then ethnicity are four different things, even though obviously they overlap frequently. Citizenship is a legal matter closely related to the matter of who are a state's nationals (those who claim allegiance to it), nationality is tied to cultural identity (and often thought probably erroneously as congruent with citizenship), ethnicity is about racial characteristics (although the word is sometimes used in the same way as nationality because of the significant overlap). Coppola's citizenship is American and Italian, his nationality is at least American and maybe Italian-American, and ethnically we might be a little bit short of the facts on how to categorize him. --Ring Cinema (talk) 10:55, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * About nationality and citizenship, read carefully: US State Department Services Dual Nationality - The concept of dual nationality means that a person is a citizen of two countries at the same time. Coppola has the Italian passport, and if you want an Italian passport, you must have Italian nationality (or citizenship, if you prefer). Coppola was helped by Ambassador S.E. Nunzio Alfredo D’Angieri, that writes: I also recall that I helped him with the formalities to get an Italian passport: he is very keen to remember his origins. Ethnicity is not about racial characteristics (races do not exist biologically, read Cavalli-Sforza et al., please), and when we talk about Italian-Americans, we mean the United States citizens of Italian ancestry. --Karanko (talk) 13:45, 20 July 2013 (UTC)

 * The first point is irrelevant to the discussion here, as it contradicts nothing anyone else has said. Maybe you are trying to say that nationality is an identity with citizenship but that is just a mistake -- there are exceptions. Similarly, it is incorrect to say that ethnicity is not related to race (even if race is ersatz), but for this discussion it doesn't matter either way. Ethnicity is separate from groupings like nationality, citizenship, race, culture, etc. No problem either way. Coppola's ethnicity is not our subject. --Ring Cinema (talk) 04:41, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

 * It is not irrelevant. It comes from the Bureau of the Consular Affairs - US Department of State and contradicts your personal opinion about the concept of citizenship/nationality. About ethnicity, you mentioned it. Please, remember that wikipedia is not a forum, and we cannot reach any "compromise" over Coppola. We must consider the sources, not personal viewpoints. --Karanko (talk) 22:54, 13 August 2013 (UTC)

"Conversation" section below
Tracymacl (talk) 04:26, 20 December 2013 (UTC)I made a solely grammatical correction below to the section noted above. I append the previous and edited versions below. Because I don't fully understand the nature of all the editing links and keys in the editing process - nor if they remain intact copying and pasting them between an Open Office document and Wikipedia - I've made the edit and ignored the guidelines' suggestion that edits be discussed on the talk page first. I think it's better grammatically, but still needs work. Because of Wikipedia's warning about multiple edits burdening the server however, I have neglected to make them.

Original

The Conversation (1974) Main article: The Conversation Coppola's next film, The Conversation, further cemented his position as one of the most talented auteurs of Hollywood.[33] The movie was partly influenced by Michelangelo Antonioni’s Blowup (1966)[34] and generated a lot of speculation and interest when news leaked that the film utilized the very same surveillance and wire-tapping equipment that members of the Nixon administration used to spy on political opponents prior to the Watergate scandal. Although Coppola insisted that this was purely coincidental, for not only was the script for The Conversation completed in the mid-1960s (before the election of Richard Nixon), but the spying equipment used in the film was discovered through research and the use of technical advisers and not, as many believed, by revelatory newspaper stories about the Watergate break-in. However, the audience interpreted the film to be a reaction to both the Watergate scandal and its fall-out. The movie was a critical success and won Coppola his first Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival. The Conversation (1974) Main article: The Conversation

Edited

Coppola's next film, The Conversation, further cemented his position as one of the most talented auteurs of Hollywood. The movie was partly influenced by Michelangelo Antonioni’s Blowup (1966) and generated a lot of speculation and interest when news leaked that the film utilized the very same surveillance and wire-tapping equipment that members of the Nixon administration used to spy on political opponents prior to the Watergate scandal. Coppola insisted that this was purely coincidental. The script for The Conversation, was completed in the mid-1960s (before the election of Richard Nixon); the spying equipment used in the film was developed through research and use of technical advisers. Not, as many believed, by revelatory newspaper stories about the Watergate break-in. However, the audience interpreted the film to be a reaction to both the Watergate scandal and its fall-out. The movie was a critical success and Coppola won his first Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.

Can anyone tell me what this Wikipedia instruction means? remember to sign your posts by typing four tildes (Tracymacl (talk) 04:26, 20 December 2013 (UTC)). Please email me at tracymacl@yahoo.com ; especially where you're supposed to type them ; I've just copied and pasted them from the link beneath this post; not sure if that's correct. Tracymacl (talk) 04:26, 20 December 2013 (UTC)

 * [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Ford_Coppola&diff=586895586&oldid=584234523 Here is the diff] of your edit, that is, the difference between what was there before and what you changed. The largest change is that you placed a fact tag template challenging the bit about "many" people who supposedly believe the spying equipment shown in the film was based on Watergate. That's a fair challenge. Perhaps there is a source which supports this statement; perhaps not. I bet the assertion will be removed as unsupportable.
 * Another point in your change is that you said the spying equipment was "developed" as opposed to "discovered". This is a debatable point: was the gear already in existence somewhere, or was it created/developed for the film? Perhaps there are pieces of gear which existed previously, and also pieces of gear which were invented for the film.
 * Others of your changes were not much of an improvement. For instance, the word "Not" is awkward leading off a sentence. Here is another example with the original text in green and your change in red:
 * The movie was a critical success and won Coppola his first Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.
 * The movie was a critical success and Coppola won his first Palme d'Or at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.
 * The first version retains "the movie" as the subject, so the reading flow is smoother. The second version tacks on a second sentence with Coppola as the subject. Binksternet (talk) 04:54, 20 December 2013 (UTC)

Unreliable sources
This article may need to be reasessed, as it's using the IMDb as a reliable source for quite a few claims, including IMDb trivia, which is basically the absolute worst and most unreliable aspect of the entire site. See WP:RS/IMDB for details. I'm surprised an article made it to B class with this many citations to the IMDb. I removed a few citations to astro.com, which is not a reliable source. See WP:RSN for a discussion on this site. Someone with more patience than me needs to audit the rest of these 100+ sources. As it stands, I'm sorely tempted to demote this article to C class, but I figure that I'll raise the issue here first. NinjaRobotPirate (talk) 16:17, 21 February 2014 (UTC)

Coppola is one of only eight filmmakers to win two Palme d'Or awards.
Wrong. It's 9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Loach — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kvsh5 (talk • contribs) 12:59, 24 September 2016 (UTC)

Illogical structure describing Academy Award wins
I am unqualified to make changes thus I am announcing this so someone else can enact the change. You will thank me for being a man who knows his limitations, instead of mucking things up.

The very top section, regarding the first Godfather movie, contains: "a film (...) winning three Academy Awards—including his second Oscar (Best Adapted Screenplay, with Mario Puzo), Best Picture, and his first nomination for Best Director."

It's confusing/illogical. That first sounds like it won 3 awards, yet on second read, maybe it's 2 plus a nomination. Only the first of the 2 is Coppola's, so why is the second win even there, unless you list the third win (Brando)? I suspect that was the original intent of the sentence.

Furthermore, the quoted phrase is describing the film's achievements, not Coppola's. Thus it may cause a confused reader double-take; it did for me. The leadoff says the film won 3, then it looks like it is listing Coppola awards and nominations. Thus I initially thought Coppola won Best Picture (which is an even easier trap to fall into, since on the sequel, Coppola in fact did win Best Picture as its producer. He wasn't even nominated for Best Picture for the first Godfather, because he wasn't the producer).

There are numerous ways to restructure it. Here's one way, which removes "second Oscar" which I believe is redundant and hurts the flow (more on that below):

"winning three Academy Awards—Best Adapted Screenplay (Coppola, shared with Mario Puzo), Best Picture (producer Albert S. Ruddy), and Best Actor (Marlon Brando). Coppola also earned his first nomination, for Best Director."

Changing as such also flows with preceding and succeeding text. However, keep reading.

Removing "second Oscar" has a bonus benefit, because each of Coppola's first 3 screenplay Academy Awards had different names so saying "second" could convey a repeat win in the same category. His first was an original screenplay (for Patton), his second was "Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium" (for Godfather, shared with Puzo), and his third was "Best Writing, Screenplay Adapted From Other Material" (for the sequel). The Academy retitled the "adapted" award between 1973 and 1975.

So technically, in 1973 the Academy did not give a screenplay award with the word "Adapted" so that may deserve a tweak as well. How about:

"winning three Academy Awards—a screenplay award (Coppola, shared with Mario Puzo), Best Picture (producer Albert S. Ruddy), and Best Actor (Marlon Brando). Coppola also earned his first nomination, for Best Director."24.27.72.99 (talk) 09:22, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

Embarrassing spelling error
In the following description, the profession of Francis Ford Coppola's father Carmine is given incorrectly as "flatulist". The word should be "flautist" or "flutist".

"Coppola was born in Detroit, Michigan, to father Carmine Coppola (1910–1991),[6] a flatulist with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, and mother Italia Coppola (née Pennino; 1912–2004)."

FYI from Wikipedia: [A] musician who plays any instrument in the flute family can be called a flutist (pronounced "FLEW-tist", most common in the US),[8] or flautist (pronounced "FLAW-tist", most common in the UK)

[A] flatulust as a professional farter is an entertainer (sometimes considered a comedian) whose routine consists solely or primarily of passing gas in a creative, musical, or amusing manner.

2601:646:897F:D02C:8005:B3E6:1B0F:58D5 (talk) 06:51, 26 June 2018 (UTC)

Awards list
I would say that for such a great person in the film industry a list of awards and nominations (which of course might not be too easy after such a long career) is definitely missing. --SamWinchester000 (talk) 02:50, 17 August 2018 (UTC)

Francis Ford Coppola Presents page now redirects here
There was a completely unsourced page for the lifestyle brand. That now redirects to this page.

I didn't see anything that needed to be merged, but if anyone else wants to take a look here's that page's last version.

-- Bob drobbs (talk) 03:05, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Francis Ford Coppola


text:
User talk:Sastrawan

Hi
Jarrah is in Form 4 now. This is Anthony Le. Jarrah. Fencing freak.

Hi
Hey do you go to Grammar as well. I'm in Form IV. Are you in Form III? 04:56, 22 September 2005

Hey
Yeah, I'm Jarrah Sastrawan, Form 3. You're Girik Seghal?

Well Done
Congrats on getting the Sanskrit prize, I also got it!  Da Gizza  Chat (c) 11:38, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Its so much better, he's funnier more bludgier and he actually know Sanskrit. Instead of Alfred Hitchcock, you can talk about whatever you want. It's strange. Form 4 Sanskrit is easier (ie. less work) but if you listen in class then you learn so much. A year of fun with Amati awaits the students who had a long year of suffering with reisner.  Da Gizza  Chat (c) 04:27, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

No Spamming
If you want to say "Burn Jarrah" or list Maths Olympiad medals, Max, please have the courtesy to do it under your own heading, rather than vandalising other people's comments. It's quite disrespectful to Girik for you to spam his posts like you have.

I have no problem with you posting stuff, but just do it politely and respectfully.

 * Is the guy spamming Max Menzies? Also there is another grammar guy, regurlarly on Wikipedia, Michael Manser Form VI.  D a Gizza Chat  © 04:54, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Re:Userpage
There are so many things you can do. A good place to start learning about them is User_page. You can also ask the people at the Help desk. I'll explain some stuff when I get the time. Btw, there is also another guy from Grammar at Wikipedia, called Mdmanser from Form Six. You might wanna say hi.  Gizza Chat  ©  11:37, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

DaGizza's RfA

Hi, thank you for supporting me in my RfA which passed with a tally of (93/1/2). If you need any help or wish discuss something with me, you are always welcome to talk to me. GizzaChat  ©</b> 12:04, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Indonesian project
Hello there Sastrawan, how are you? I just want to ask you to join our project, as it seems you are into Indonesian articles (and your username is Sastrawan) :P Okay, hope to see you there. Cheers -- I   mo   eng  15:51, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, if you want to join the project, please feel free to add your name to WikiProject Indonesia/Members. As for the Indonesia article, please read stuff on the talk page to see the recent improvement. Cheers! I   mo   eng  08:39, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Sastrawan


text:
Malayalis

The Malayali people (also spelt Malayalee and sometimes known by the demonym Keralite) are a Dravidian ethnolinguistic group originating from the present-day state of Kerala & Union Territory of Lakshadweep in India, occupying its southwestern Malabar coast. They form the majority of the population in Kerala and Lakshadweep. They are predominantly native speakers of the Malayalam language, one of the six classical languages of India. The state of Kerala was created in 1956 through the States Reorganisation Act. Prior to that, since the 1800s existed the Kingdom of Cochin, the Kingdom of Travancore, Malabar District, and South Canara of the British India. The Malabar District was annexed by the British through the Third Mysore War (1790–92) from Tipu Sultan. Before that, the Malabar District was under various kingdoms including the Zamorins of Calicut, Kingdom of Tanur, Arakkal kingdom, Kolathunadu, Valluvanad, and Palakkad Rajas.

According to the Indian census of 2011, there are approximately 33 million Malayalis in Kerala, making up 97% of the total population of the state. Malayali minorities are also found in the neighboring state of Tamil Nadu, mainly in Kanyakumari district and Nilgiri district and Dakshina Kannada and Kodagu districts of Karnataka and also in other metropolitan areas of India. Over the course of the later half of the 20th century, significant Malayali communities have emerged in Persian Gulf countries, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar and Kuwait and to a lesser extent, other developed nations with a primarily immigrant background such as Malaysia, Singapore, the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, New Zealand and Canada. As of 2013, there were an estimated 1.6 million ethnic Malayali expatriates worldwide. The estimated population of Malayalees in Malaysia in year 2020 is approximately 348,000, which makes up 12.5% of the total number of Indian population in Malaysia that makes them the second biggest Indian ethnic group in Malaysia, after the Tamils. Most of the Malayalee population in Malaysia aged 18 to 30 are known to be either the third, fourth, or fifth generation living as a Malaysian citizen. According to A. R. Raja Raja Varma, Malayalam was the name of the place, before it became the name of the language spoken by the people.

Etymology
Malayalam, the native language of Malayalis, has its origin from the words mala meaning "mountain" and alam meaning "land" or "locality". Kerala was usually known as Malabar in the foreign trade circles in the medieval era. Earlier, the term Malabar had also been used to denote Tulu Nadu and Kanyakumari which lie contiguous to Kerala in the southwestern coast of India, in addition to the modern state of Kerala. The people of Malabar were known as Malabars. Until the arrival of the East India Company, the term Malabar was used as a general name for Kerala, along with the term Kerala. From the time of Cosmas Indicopleustes (6th century CE) itself, the Arab sailors used to call Kerala as Male. The first element of the name, however, is attested already in the Topography written by Cosmas Indicopleustes. This mentions a pepper emporium called Male, which clearly gave its name to Malabar ('the country of Male'). The name Male is thought to come from the Dravidian word Mala ('hill'). Al-Biruni is the first known writer to call this country Malabar. Authors such as Ibn Khordadbeh and Al-Baladhuri mention Malabar ports in their works. The Arab writers had called this place Malibar, Manibar, Mulibar, and Munibar. Malabar is reminiscent of the word Malanad which means the land of hills. According to William Logan, the word Malabar comes from a combination of the Dravidian word Mala (hill) and the Persian/Arabic word Barr (country/continent). Hence the natives of Malabar Coast were known as Malabarese or Malabari in the foreign trade circles. The words Malayali and Malabari are synonymous to each other. The Skanda Purana mentions the ecclesiastical office of the Thachudaya Kaimal who is referred to as Manikkam Keralar (The Ruby King of Kerala), synonymous with the deity of the Koodalmanikyam temple. Hence the term Keralar seem to precede the usage of the word Malayala/Malayalam.

Geographic distribution and population
Malayalam is a language spoken by the native people of southwestern India (from Mangalore to Kanyakumari) and the islands of Lakshadweep in Arabian Sea. According to the Indian census of 2001, there were 30,803,747 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India, and 96.7% of the total population of the state. There were a further 701,673 (2.1% of the total number) in Tamil Nadu, 557,705 (1.7%) in Karnataka and 406,358 (1.2%) in Maharashtra. The number of Malayalam speakers in Lakshadweep is 51,100, which is only 0.15% of the total number, but is as much as about 84% of the population of Lakshadweep. In all, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the total Indian population in 2001. Of the total 33,066,392 Malayalam speakers in India in 2001, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan. As per the 1991 census data, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India spoke a second language and 19.64% of the total knew three or more languages. Malayalam was the most spoken language in erstwhile Gudalur taluk (now Gudalur and Panthalur taluks) of Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu which accounts for 48.8% population and it was the second most spoken language in Mangalore and Puttur taluks of South Canara accounting for 21.2% and 15.4% respectively according to 1951 census report. 25.57% of the total population in the Kodagu district of Karnataka are Malayalis, in which Malayalis form the largest linguistic group in Virajpet Taluk. Around one-third of the Malayalis in Kodagu district speak the Yerava dialect according to the 2011 census, which is native to Kodagu and Wayanad. Around one-third of population in Kanyakumari district are also Malayalis. As of 2011 India census, Mahé district of Union Territory of Puducherry had a population of 41,816, predominantly Malayalis.

Just before independence, Malaya attracted many Malayalis. Large numbers of Malayalis have settled in Chennai (Madras), Delhi, Bangalore, Mangalore, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Mumbai (Bombay), Ahmedabad and Chandigarh. Many Malayalis have also emigrated to the Middle East, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Europe. As of 2009–2013, there were approximately 146,000 people with Malayali heritage in the United States, with an estimated 40,000 living in the New York tri-state area. There were 7,093 Malayalam speakers in Australia in 2006. The 2001 Canadian census reported 7,070 people who listed Malayalam as their mother tongue, mostly in the Greater Toronto Area and Southern Ontario. In 2010, the Census of Population of Singapore reported that there were 26,348 Malayalees in Singapore. The 2006 New Zealand census reported 2,139 speakers. 134 Malayalam speaking households were reported in 1956 in Fiji. There is also a considerable Malayali population in the Persian Gulf regions, especially in Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait and European region mainly in London. The city of Chennai has the highest population of Malayalis in a metropolitan area outside Kerala, followed by Bangalore.

Besides, the Malayalee citizens in Malaysia are estimated to be 229,800 in the year 2020 whereas the population of the Malayalee expatriates is approximately 2,000. They make up around 10 percent of the total number of Indians in Malaysia.

History and culture
During the ancient period, the people of present-day Kerala were ruled by the Chera dynasty of Tamilakam, with their capital at Vanchi. The dynasty lent the region its name, uniting the entire coast under their suzerainty. The fall of the Cheras in the 15th century CE at the hands of the Cholas proved to be the catalyst of a distinct Malayali identity, wading away from the Tamil cultural sphere of influence over several millennia.

The Malayalis live in a historic area known as the Malabar coast, which for thousands of years has been a major center of the international spice trade, operating at least from the Roman era with Ptolemy documenting it on his map of the world in 150 AD. For that reason, a highly distinct culture was created among the Malayali due to centuries of contact with foreign cultures through the spice trade. The arrival of the Cochin Jews, the rise of Saint Thomas Christians, and the growth of Mappila Muslim community, in particular, were very significant in shaping modern-day Malayali culture. Later, Portuguese Latin Christians, Dutch Malabar, French Mahe, and British English, which arrived after 1498 left their mark through colonialism and pillaging their resources.

In 2017, a detailed study of the evolution of the Singapore Malayalee community over a period of more than 100 years was published as a book: From Kerala to Singapore: Voices of the Singapore Malayalee Community. It is believed to be the first in-depth study of the presence of a NRI Malayalee community outside of Kerala.

Language and literature
According to scholars, the Malayalam language is descended from a dialect of the Tamil Language spoken on the Malabar coast, and largely arose because of its geographical isolation from the rest of the Tamil speaking areas. The Sangam literature can be considered as the ancient predecessor of Malayalam. Malayalam literature is ancient in origin, and includes such figures as the 14th century Niranam poets (Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar), whose works mark the dawn of both modern Malayalam language and indigenous Keralite poetry. Some linguists claim that an inscription found from Edakkal Caves, Wayanad, which belongs to 3rd century CE (approximately 1,800 years old), is the oldest available inscription in Malayalam, as they contain two modern Malayalam words, Ee (This) and Pazhama (Old), those are not found in literary Tamil. Although this has been disputed by scholars who regard it as a regional dialect of Old Tamil. The use of the pronoun and the lack of the literary Tamil  ending are archaisms from Proto-Dravidian rather than unique innovations of Malayalam. The origin of Malayalam calendar dates back to year 825 CE. It is generally agreed that the Quilon Syrian copper plates of 849/850 CE is the available oldest inscription written in Old Malayalam. For the first 600 years of Malayalam calendar, the literature mainly consisted of the oral Ballads such as Vadakkan Pattukal (Northern Songs) in North Malabar and Thekkan Pattukal (Southern songs) in Southern Travancore. The earliest known literary works in Malayalam are Ramacharitam and Thirunizhalmala, two epic poems written in Old Malayalam. Malayalam literature has been presented with 6 Jnanapith awards, the second-most for any Dravidian language and the third-highest for any Indian language.

Designated a "Classical Language in India" in 2013, it developed into the current form mainly by the influence of the poets Cherusseri Namboothiri (Born near Kannur), Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan (Born near Tirur), and Poonthanam Nambudiri (Born near Perinthalmanna), in the 15th and the 16th centuries of Common Era. Kunchan Nambiar, a Palakkad-based poet also influenced a lot in the growth of modern Malayalam literature in its pre-mature form, through a new literary branch called Thullal. The prose literature, criticism, and Malayalam journalism, began following the latter half of 18th century CE. The first travelogue in any Indian language is the Malayalam Varthamanappusthakam, written by Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar in 1785.

The Triumvirate of poets (Kavithrayam: Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon and Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer) are recognized for moving Keralite poetry away from archaic sophistry and metaphysics and towards a more lyrical mode. In 19th century Chavara Kuriakose Elias, the founder of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate and Congregation of Mother of Carmel congregations, contribute different streams in the Malayalam Literature. All his works are written between 1829 and 1870. Chavara's contribution to Malayalam literature includes, Chronicles, Poems – athmanuthapam (compunction of the soul), Maranaveettil Paduvanulla Pana (Poem to sing in the bereaved house) and Anasthasiayude Rakthasakshyam – and other Literary works. Contemporary Malayalam literature deals with social, political, and economic life context. The tendency of the modern poetry is often towards political radicalism. The writers like Kavalam Narayana Panicker have contributed much to Malayalam drama. In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith winning poets and writers like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, O. N. V. Kurup, and Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri, had made valuable contributions to the modern Malayalam literature. Later, writers like O. V. Vijayan, Kamaladas, M. Mukundan, Arundhati Roy, and Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, have gained international recognition.

Arabi Malayalam (also called Mappila Malayalam and Moplah Malayalam) was the traditional Dravidian language of the Mappila Muslim community in Malabar Coast. The poets like Moyinkutty Vaidyar and Pulikkottil Hyder have made notable contributions to the Mappila songs, which is a genre of the Arabi Malayalam literature. The Arabi Malayalam script, otherwise known as the Ponnani script,  is a writing system - a variant form of the Arabic script with special orthographic features - which was developed during the early medieval period and used to write Arabi Malayalam until the early 20th century CE. Though the script originated and developed in Kerala, today it is predominantly used in Malaysia and Singapore by the migrant Muslim community.

The modern Malayalam grammar is based on the book Kerala Panineeyam written by A. R. Raja Raja Varma in late 19th century CE. World Malayali Council with its sister organisation, International Institute for Scientific and Academic Collaboration (IISAC) has come out with a comprehensive book on Kerala titled 'Introduction to Kerala Studies,’ specially intended for the Malayali diaspora across the globe. J.V. Vilanilam, former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Kerala; Sunny Luke, medical scientist and former professor of Medical Biotechnology at Adelphi University, New York; and Antony Palackal, professor of sociology at the Loyola College of Social Sciences in Thiruvananthapuram, have edited the book, besides making other contributions to it.

Tharavadu
Tharavad, also spelled as Tharavadu is the ancestral home of aristocratic families in Kerala, which usually served as the common house for the matrilineal joint family system practiced in the state. Each Tharavadu has a unique name. The Tharavadu was administered by the Karanavar, the oldest male member of the family. He would be the eldest maternal uncle of the family as well. The members of the Tharavadu consisted of mother, daughters, sons, sisters and brothers. The fathers and husbands had a very minimal role to play in the affairs of the Tharavadu. It was a true matrilineal affair. The Karanavar took all major decisions. He was usually autocratic. However, the consent of the eldest female member of the family was taken before implementing the decisions. This eldest female member would be his maternal grandmother, own mother, mother's sister, his own sister or a sister through his maternal lineage. Since the lineage was through the female members, the birth of a daughter was always welcomed. Each Tharavadu also has a Para Devatha (clan deity) revered by those in the particular Tharavadu. Temples were built to honour these deities.

Kerala's society is less patriarchal than the rest of India. Certain Hindu communities such as the Nairs, Thiyyar and Muslims around Kannur, and Ponnani in Malappuram, and Varkala and Edava in Thiruvananthapuram used to follow a traditional matrilineal system known as marumakkathayam which has in the recent years (post-Indian independence) ceased to exist. Christians, majority of the Muslims, and some Hindu castes such as the Namboothiris and some Ezhavas follow makkathayam, a patrilineal system. Kerala's gender relations are among the most equitable in India and the Majority World.

Architecture
Kerala, the ancestral land of the Malayali people, has a tropical climate with excessive rains and intensive solar radiation. The architecture of this region has evolved to meet these climatic conditions by having the form of buildings with low walls, sloping roof and projecting caves. The setting of the building in the open garden plot was again necessitated by the requirement of wind for giving comfort in the humid climate.

Timber is the prime structural material abundantly available in many varieties in Kerala. Perhaps the skillful choice of timber, accurate joinery, artful assembly, and delicate carving of the woodwork for columns, walls and roofs frames are the unique characteristics of Malayali architecture. From the limitations of the materials, a mixed-mode of construction was evolved in Malayali architecture. The stonework was restricted to the plinth even in important buildings such as temples. Laterite was used for walls. The roof structure in timber was covered with palm leaf thatching for most buildings and rarely with tiles for palaces or temples. The ''Kerala murals' are paintings with vegetable dyes on wet walls in subdued shades of brown. The indigenous adoption of the available raw materials and their transformation as enduring media for architectural expression thus became the dominant feature of the Malayali style of architecture.

Nalukettu
Nalukettu was a housing style in Kerala. Nalukettu is a quadrangular building constructed after following the Tachu Sastra (Science of Carpentry). It was a typical house that was flanked by out-houses and utility structures. The large house-Nalukettu is constructed within a large compound. It was called Nalukettu because it consisted of four wings around a central courtyard called Nadumuttom. The house has a quadrangle in the center. The quadrangle is in every way the center of life in the house and very useful for the performance of rituals. The layout of these homes was simple, and catered to the dwelling of numerous people, usually part of a tharavadu. Ettukettu (eight halls with two central courtyards) or Pathinarukettu (sixteen halls with four central courtyards) are the more elaborate forms of the same architecture.

An example of a Nalukettu structure is Mattancherry Palace.

Performing arts and music
Malayalis use two words to denote dance, which is attom and thullal. The art forms of Malayalis are classified into three types: religious, such as Theyyam and Bhagavatipattu; semi religious, like Sanghakali and Krishnanattom; and secular, such as Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, and Thullal. Kathakali and Mohiniyattam are the two classical dance forms from Kerala. Kathakali is actually a dance-drama. Mohiniyattam is a very sensual and graceful dance form that is performed both solo and in a group by women. Kutiyattam is a traditional performing art form from Kerala, which is recognised by UNESCO and given the status Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Ottamthullal is another performing art, which is also known as the poor man's Kathakali, which was created by the poet Kunchan Nambiar as an alternative to Chakiarkooth (another performing art), which was open only for higher castes to see. Theyyam is a ritualistic art form of Malayalis, which is thought to predate hinduism and to have developed from folk dances performed in conjunction with harvest celebrations. Theyyam is performed as an offering to gods so as to get rid of poverty and illness. Velakali is another ritualistic art form, mainly performed at temples in the festival time. Kolkali is a folk art in which dance performers move in a circle, striking small sticks and keeping rhythm with special steps.

Many ancient Malayali family houses in Kerala have special snake shrines called Kavu. Sarpam Thullal is usually performed in the courtyard of houses having snake shrines. This is a votive offering for family wealth and happiness. Kerala Natanam (കേരള നടനം) (Kerala Dance) is a new style of dance that is now recognized as a distinct classical art form evolved from Kathakali. The Indian dancer Guru Gopinath (ഗുരു ഗോപിനാഥ്) a well-trained Kathakali artist and his wife Thankamani Gopinath developed this unique form of dance.

Performing arts in Kerala is not limited to a single religion of the Malayali society. Muslim Mappilas, Nasranis Mappilas and Latin Christians have their own unique performing art forms. Duff Muttu, also known as Dubh Muttu/Aravanamuttu is a performing art form prevalent among the Muslim community. It is a group performance, staged as a social event during festivals and nuptial ceremonies.

Oppana is a popular form of social entertainment among the Muslim community. It is a form accompanied by clapping of hands, in which both men and women participate.

Margamkali is a performing art which is popular among the Nasrani Mappilas. It combines both devotion and entertainment, and was performed by men in groups. Since 1980's women also have found groups. The dancers themselves sing the margamkali songs in unison call and response form. Parichamuttukali is another performing art which is popular among Nasranis. This is an artistic adaptation of the martial art of Kerala, Kalaripayattu. Chavittu nadakom is a theatrical art form observed mainly by Kerala Latin Christians, dating back to the second half of the 16th century.

However, many of these native art forms largely play to tourists or at youth festivals, and are not as popular among ordinary Keralites. Thus, more contemporary forms – including those heavily based on the use of often risqué and politically incorrect mimicry and parody – have gained considerable mass appeal in recent years. Indeed, contemporary artists often use such modes to mock socioeconomic elites. Since 1930 when the first Malayalam film Vigathakumaran was released and over the following decade or two, Malayalam Cinema had grown to become one of the popular means of expression for both works of fiction and social issues, and it remains so.

Music formed a major part of early Malayalam literature, which is believed to have started developing by 9th century CE. The significance of music in the culture of Kerala can be established just by the fact that in Malayalam language, musical poetry was developed long before prose. Kerala is musically known for Sopanam. Sopanam is religious in nature, and developed through singing invocatory songs at the Kalam of Kali, and later inside temples. Sopanam came to prominence in the wake of the increasing popularity of Jayadeva's Gita Govinda or Ashtapadis. Sopana sangeetham (music), as the very name suggests, is sung by the side of the holy steps (sopanam) leading to the sanctum sanctorum of a shrine. It is sung, typically employing plain notes, to the accompaniment of the small, hourglass-shaped ethnic drum called idakka, besides the chengila or the handy metallic gong to sound the beats.

Sopanam is traditionally sung by men of the Maarar and Pothuval community, who are Ambalavasi (semi-Brahmin) castes engaged to do it as their hereditary profession. Kerala is also home of Carnatic music. Legends like Swati Tirunal, Shadkala Govinda Maarar, Sangitha Vidwan Gopala Pillai Bhagavathar, Chertala Gopalan Nair, M. D. Ramanathan, T.V.Gopalakrishnan, M.S. Gopalakrishnan, L. Subramaniam T.N. Krishnan & K. J. Yesudas are Malayali musicians. Also among the younger generations with wide acclaim and promise is Child Prodigy Violinist L. Athira Krishna etc., who are looked upon as maestros of tomorrow.

Kerala also has a significant presence of Hindustani music as well. The king of Travancore, Swathi Thirunal patronaged and contributed much to the Hindustani Music. The pulluvar of Kerala are closely connected to the serpent worship. One group among these people consider the snake gods as their presiding deity and performs certain sacrifices and sing songs. This is called Pulluvan Pattu. The song conducted by the pulluvar in serpent temples and snake groves is called Sarppapaattu, Naagam Paattu, Sarpam Thullal, Sarppolsavam, Paambum Thullal or Paambum Kalam. Mappila Paattukal or Mappila Songs are folklore Muslim devotional songs in the Malayalam language. Mappila songs are composed in colloquial Malayalam and are sung in a distinctive tune. They are composed in a mixture of Malayalam and Arabic.

Film music, which refers to playback singing in the context of Indian music, forms the most important canon of popular music in India. Film music of Kerala in particular is the most popular form of music in the state.

Vallam Kali
Vallam Kali is the race of country-made boats. It is mainly conducted during the season of the harvest festival Onam in Autumn. Vallam Kali include races of many kinds of traditional boats of Kerala. The race of Chundan Vallam (snake boat) is the major item. Hence Vallam Kali is also known in English as Snake Boat Race and a major tourist attraction. Other types of boats which do participate in various events in the race are Churulan Vallam, Iruttukuthy Vallam, Odi Vallam, Veppu Vallam (Vaipu Vallam), Vadakkanody Vallam, and Kochu Vallam. Nehru Trophy Boat Race is one of the famous Vallam Kali held in Punnamada Lake in Alappuzha district of Kerala. Champakulam Moolam Boat Race is the oldest and most popular Vallam Kali in Kerala. The race is held on river Pamba on the moolam day (according to the Malayalam Era) of the Malayalam month Midhunam, the day of the installation of the deity at the Ambalappuzha Sree Krishna Temple. The Aranmula Boat Race takes place at Aranmula, near a temple dedicated to Lord Krishna and Arjuna. The President's Trophy Boat Race is a popular event conducted in Ashtamudi Lake in Kollam.

Thousands of people gather on the banks of the river Pamba to watch the snake boat races. Nearly 50 snake boats or chundan vallams participate in the festival. Payippad Jalotsavam is a three-day water festival. It is conducted in Payippad Lake which is 35 km from Alappuzha district of Kerala state. There is a close relation between this Payippad boat race and Subramanya Swamy Temple in Haripad. Indira Gandhi Boat Race is a boat race festival celebrated in the last week of December in the backwaters of Kochi, a city in Kerala. This boat race is one of the most popular Vallam Kali in Kerala. This festival is conducted to promote Kerala tourism.

Festivals

Malayalis celebrate a variety of festivals, namely Onam, Vishu, Deepavali, and Christmas.

Cuisine
Malayali cuisine is not homogeneous and regional variations are visible throughout. Spices form an important ingredient in almost all curries. Kerala is known for its traditional, a vegetarian meal served with boiled rice and a host of side-dishes. The is complemented by, a sweet milk dessert native to Kerala. The is, as per custom, served on a banana leaf. Traditional dishes include, , , , , , , , (tapioca),  (steamed rice powder), and. Coconut is an essential ingredient in most of the food items and is liberally used.

is a culinary specialty in Kerala. It is a steamed rice cake which is a favorite breakfast of most Malayalis. It is served with either brown chickpeas cooked in a spicy gravy, and boiled small green lentils, or tiny ripe yellow Kerala plantains. In the highlands there is also a variety of served with  (the boiled-down syrup from sweet palm toddy) and sweet boiled bananas. to steam the, there is a special utensil called a. It consists of two sections. The lower bulkier portion is where the water for steaming is stored. The upper detachable leaner portion is separated from the lower portion by perforated lids so as to allow the steam to pass through and bake the rice powder.

is a pancake made of fermented batter. The batter is made of rice flour and fermented using either yeast or toddy, the local spirit. It is fried using a special frying pan called and is served with egg curry, chicken curry, mutton stew, vegetable curry and chickpea curry.

Muslim cuisine or Mappila cuisine is a blend of traditional Kerala, Persian, Yemenese and Arab food culture. This confluence of culinary cultures is best seen in the preparation of most dishes. Kallummakkaya (mussels) curry, Irachi Puttu (Irachi means meat), parottas (soft flatbread), Pathiri (a type of rice pancake) and ghee rice are some of the other specialties. The characteristic use of spices is the hallmark of Mappila cuisine. spices like black pepper, cardamom and clove are used profusely. The Kerala Biryani, is also prepared by the community. The snacks include Unnakkaya (deep-fried, boiled ripe banana paste covering a mixture of cashew, raisins and sugar), pazham nirachathu (ripe banana filled with coconut grating, molasses or sugar), Muttamala made of eggs, Chattipathiri, a dessert made of flour, like baked, layered Chapatis with rich filling, Arikkadukka and so on.

Martial arts

Malayalis have their own form of martial arts called Kalaripayattu. This type of martial arts was used as a defensive mechanism against intruders. In ancient times, disputes between nobles (naaduvazhis or Vazhunors) were also settled by the outcome of a Kalaripayattu tournament. This ancient martial art is claimed as the mother of all martial arts. The word "kalari" can be traced to ancient Sangam literature.

Anthropologists estimate that Kalarippayattu dates back to at least the 12th century CE. The historian Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai attributes the birth of Kalaripayattu to an extended period of warfare between the Cheras and the Cholas in the 11th century CE. What eventually crystallized into this style is thought to have been a product of existing South Indian styles of combat, combined with techniques brought by other cultures. Kalaripayattu may be one of the oldest martial arts in existence. The oldest western reference to Kalaripayattu is a 16th-century travelogue of Duarte Barbosa, a Portuguese explorer. The southern style, which stresses the importance of hand-to-hand combat, is slightly different than Kalari in the north.

title: Malayalis


text:
SPC

SPC may refer to:

Business and law

 * Segregated portfolio company, a specialized form of offshore company
 * Signature panel code, a credit or debit card security code
 * Social purpose corporation, a company that considers social issues in its decision making
 * Special purpose company, a subsidiary usually created solely for isolating a financial risk, or for financial reporting reasons
 * Statistical process control, a method of quality control
 * Supplementary protection certificate, a sui generis, patent-like, intellectual property right

Businesses

 * Singapore Petroleum Company, a Singapore area oil company
 * Southern Pacific Communications, predecessor of American telecommunications provider Sprint Corporation
 * Software Publishing Corporation, a former U.S. computer software manufacturer
 * Sony Pictures Classics, a speciality division of Sony Pictures Entertainment
 * SPC Australia, a brand of jams and tinned goods founded in Shepparton, Victoria, Australia
 * SPC Group, a Korean food company from Samlip Group
 * Synthetic Plastics Company, a defunct plastics manufacturer that owned many budget-price record labels
 * Syrian Petroleum Company, a state-owned oil company
 * System Planning Corporation, a U.S. military electronics corporation

Churches

 * Serbian Orthodox Church (Српска православна црква / Srpska pravoslavna crkva), an Eastern Orthodox Christian Church
 * Southern Presbyterian Church (Australia)

Government and politics

 * Pacific Community, formerly the South Pacific Commission, a Pacific Islands regional intergovernmental organisation
 * Supreme Petroleum Council (Kuwait), one of the governmental agencies of Kuwait
 * Socialist Party of Canada
 * Socialist Party of British Columbia
 * Supreme People's Court (disambiguation), highest judicial body in several countries
 * Supreme Political Council, governing body in Yemen formed by the Houthi movement and the General People's Congress
 * Student Police Cadet Project

Schools

 * San Pedro College, a Catholic institution in Davao City, Philippines
 * San Pedro College of Business Administration, a private institute in Laguna, Philippines
 * St Patrick's College (disambiguation), various institutions
 * Saint Paul's College (disambiguation), various institutions
 * St Peter's College (disambiguation), various institutions
 * St. Petersburg College, a community college with multiple campuses in Pinellas County, Florida, U.S.
 * South Plains College, a community college based in Levelland, Texas

Other organizations

 * Swedish Paralympic Committee, the non-profit organization representing Swedish athletes in the International Paralympic Committee
 * Sisters of Charity of St. Paul, Religious congregation founded by St Paul
 * Seattle Privacy Coalition, a group of personal privacy and government transparency activists based in Seattle, Washington

Police and military

 * Scalable Plate Carrier, a ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, often called a bulletproof vest
 * Specialist (rank), one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the U.S. Army
 * Special Purpose Cartridge, a rifle cartridge developed by Remington and the US military
 * Special police constable
 * Student Police Cadet Project, a government of Kerala initiative.
 * State Police Chief (aka Director general of police), a rank in the Indian Police Service

Science and technology

 * Secure multiparty computation, a cryptography problem introduced in 1982
 * Service programming code, a code in most CDMA handsets/mobiles
 * Signal peptidase I, an enzyme
 * Signaling Point Code, used for SS7 signaling protocol in telephony systems
 * Simple point charge, a 3-point water model used in computational chemistry simulations
 * Sodium percarbonate, an oxidizing agent used in cleaning products
 * Solid phase crystallization, a method to produce polycrystalline silicon
 * SPC file format, a file format used in spectroscopy
 * SPC700, a processor used for audio in the Super NES hardware
 * Stage pin connector, a standard power cable connector
 * Statistical process control, a method for achieving quality control in manufacturing processes
 * Storage Performance Council, a non-profit corporation founded to define, standardize, and promote storage subsystem benchmarks; see IBM SAN Volume Controller
 * Stored program control, a machine control principle that uses a computer to store programs and data
 * Storm Prediction Center, a division of NOAA's National Weather Service that deals with strong to severe weather events
 * Summary of Product Characteristics, the defining information document for medicinal products used in the European Union
 * SupraPubic Catheter, used to drain urine from the bladder

Other

 * IATA code "SPC" for La Palma Airport, Canary Islands
 * Scrabble Players Championship, an annual Scrabble championship event in North America
 * South Pacific Championship (1986–1990), a rugby union competition for Australia, New Zealand and Fiji
 * Southwest Preparatory Conference, an athletic league in Texas and Oklahoma, US
 * Student Price Card, a loyalty card program in Canada
 * Sony Pictures Classics, a specialty film studio owned by Sony.

title: SPC