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Talk:Hong Kong-style Western cuisine

I guess translitering as "western cuisine" rather than "American cuisine" would be more accurate. It is not just American, but also European and other western (to the west of China) and even Japanese / Korean elements. Would anyone consider a move of the article? -- December 9, 2003, UTC

 * I agree. It's a more accurate translation. Dyl 01:57, Mar 26, 2005 (UTC)

Should this article be renamed as "Chinese-style western cuisine", because this dish is not exactly confined to HK, and does have its rich history in Singapore (and Malaysia) too?--Huaiwei 07:38, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't agree. Perhaps the Singapore style can be a separate article.  港式西餐 is a name used widely in Hong Kong, and North America (in US and Canada's Chinese community.  I heard that even in Taiwan, it is called the same name) and it is displayed on the restaurant window to advertize to the customers what cuisine the restaurant serves. It has historical influence from the British colonization, and hence it is NOT generic Chinese style, it is Hong Kong style. If Singapore and Malaysia developed similar cuisine, there should be enough differences to warrant its own article.  For example, Vietnam was a French colony and you can still find many "Almost French" restaurants run by Vietnamese people in the US. This Vietnamese-style French cuisine should not be lumped together with other French cuisine.  Likewise, Hong Kong style western cuisine should not be renamed.  67.117.82.1 19:24, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't agree either. From my experience with Singaporean Hainanese food, it's not the same as HK food. Probably better to remove the link and write a seperate article about overseas Hainanese food than merging two traditions to the detriment of both. --Yuje 12:35, August 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * But we are not comparing "Singaporean Hainanese" food with "HK" food. Contemporary "Western Food" in Singapore has already evolved beyond merely being Hainanese, particularly with Teochew influences seeping in now. I do hope, for instance, that you are not assuming Hainanese chicken rice is a Hainanese dish despite its name?--Huaiwei 13:29, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I realize that Nanyang Hainanese food developed in Southeast Asia and not Hainan, which is why I didn't simply call it Hainanese food. What I meant is that the type of resturant described in the linked article isn't exactly the same as HK food. Confusing the issue also is that Singapore also has a lot of actual western food (not suprising considering the amount of westerners there). --Yuje 14:08, August 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * I would expect differences to exist, since the various cuisines seems to have developed quite distinctively from each other. But what do you think of an overal page to describe all Western-influenced Chinese food? Of coz..."actual" western food isnt in the picture.--Huaiwei 14:22, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * As you've already suggested, they developed quite distinctively from each other. In my opinion we should work on an article for the Hainanese style first, before addressing the necessity of an article to generally discuss the several variants. — Instantnood 19:03, August 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * (response to 67.117.82.1's message at 19:24, August 10 2005) Hmmm...but it is also precisely the influence of British colonisation which produced Chinese-style Western food in Singapore, historically whipped up by Chinese of Hainanese decent in Singapore for their western masters. I believe the "Chinese" in Singapore and the "Chinese" in Hong Kong still belong to one ethnic group: Chinese. The Vietnamese analogy isnt exactly comparable, since I am not asking for this article to be merged together with western food. Rather, I see similar circumstances which created western-influenced Chiense food, and it might be great to have an article to discuss various forms of these dishes before branching into seperate discussions for each. How about retaining this page, and created one called Chinese-style western cuisine, and the having subpages like this one linked from it?--Huaiwei 13:29, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Capitalization
Shouldn't "Western" be capitalized? --Dpr 04:12, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Cuisine?
So..the inevitable question comes...is this a cuisine?--Huaiwei 16:09, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * What else would it be, a collective mass hallucination? A figment of your imagination?
 * No...a figment of the authors' imaginations, if we are to take your comment seriously. Why is there a resistance to accepting the existance of Cuisine of Hong Kong, yet an elevation of this into cuisine status?--Huaiwei 05:26, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * It's like the difference between "French language" and "languages in France". — Instantnood 17:58, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Languages? Cuisine = languages, even thou the former is moulded into local tastes, while the later essentially remains the same? Seriously, could you pick a more relevant analogy?--Huaiwei 03:20, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Articles like French cuisine, Portuguese cuisine are classified by genre, although at most time it's stick with geography, considering the geographical limitations for centuries. Articles such as cuisine of Hong Kong talk about the food in certain places. Each of these articles does not necessarily focus on one genre. — Instantnood 09:04, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * And so you are floating right back to another discourse yet again. Since when are you in the position to decide that "French cuisine" is a genre while "HK cuisine" is not? You are a world gourmet chief? A bananaman? Or a Frenchman lost somewhere in HK and turning your nose up at the food around you?--Huaiwei 14:11, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I consider calling others "banana" is a quite humiliating insult; that's obviously racial discrimination. Mind your words please. -- Jerry Crimson Mann 14:23, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * lol! I consider myself a bananaman too even thou I am Singaporean. So what if you think it is an insult? I dont give a damn about that, and I am still awaiting your delightfully knowledgeable replies.--Huaiwei 15:25, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Please remember ATTACK when commenting. As for whether this is 'cuisine' or not, I think it is the best translation there is for 'chaan' to English.  novacatz 15:54, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * ATTACK is only relevant if there is ample evidence that a personal attack is taking place. Is bananaman considered demeaning in this context? I will be pretty harsh on myself then, dont you think? 餐 is not neccesarily cuisine, the later of which connotes quite a different meaning. It means a meal or even food in general as well, so why use an obviously misleading term?--Huaiwei 16:20, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh dear, I do indeed see a trend here, this discussion very closely parallels Talk:Kung hei fat choi... enochlau (talk) 13:27, 21 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh my! In what way, dear Enoch?--Huaiwei 17:03, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Sai chaan
This article has been edited back and forth, around the term sai chaan. User:Alanmak thinks that there is no such term in English, and hence should be removed, whereas I find no problem to use a non-English term if italicised. So far there is no valid and reasonable argument justifying why a literal translation is so superior to a transliteration, that the transliterated variant cannot even be included and must be removed from the article. — Instantnood 17:58, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * and nobody cares, because it's not used by english speakers. SchmuckyTheCat 23:30, 10 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I think that it should be italicised, but with the (transliterated version) in brackets, Werdna648T/C\@ 09:38, 11 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Would you agree with the earlier version ? — Instantnood 14:37, 11 December 2005 (UTC)

As a Westerner who visited both Hong Kong and Singapore last year Sai chaan means nothing to me. Hong Kong-style western cuisine is clunky but it conveys the idea. It's better than Hong Kong-style American cuisine because some dishes such as oxtail soup are very rare in the United States (except for tony East Coast hotels where one needs a French-English dictionary to order dinner). I don't see anything particularly wrong with sai chaan if it remains in italics and includes a descriptive definition. English is an inclusive language that welcomes new phrases - so long as this is the preferred terminology among locals in Hong Kong. BTW, I enjoyed the meals! Best wishes. Durova 00:26, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Glad to hear you enjoyed it.  Would you agree with the earlier version  of the article? — Instantnood 12:20, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

If we were to use the Google test, with 24 hits suggests that it isn't really a term that is used; I'm quite happy with the version of the page that leaves out sai chaan, for it does include the Chinese characters with the pronunciation, so someone curious can still find out how residents of Hong Kong would say it. enochlau (talk) 07:59, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * But then Hong Kong-style western cuisine is merely a description. It's not the name that anybody would call it . I've no comment towards what should be the title of the article, but I don't think it's appropriate to prefer Hong Kong-style western cuisine to a transliterated name for use within the article. — Instantnood 08:44, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem here, is descriptive titles arent always appriopriate for particular nouns, such as in this case, where people automatically assume it is the proper English name of the said dish. Hence my question of why this is called "cuisine" as thou it is the only known English reference to it, when chaan dosent neccesarily = cuisine. (unfortunately, some folks seem to think I am debating on the very existance of these dishes instead)--Huaiwei 19:26, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

"sai chaan" is a neologism not used anywhere outside wikipedia/mirrors. This page should not have been moved. i see no consensus here to do so. i will move the page back unless there's a good reason not to.--Jiang 09:32, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

 * And the same applies to "Hong Kong-style Western cuisine", which is a wikipedian self-construction.--Huaiwei 00:17, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

still more non-wikipedia references than "sai chaan". is there a better (not worse) alternative? --Jiang
 * Explain, then, the large number of instances in which the above phrase appears in non capital letters, suggesting this is hardly a proper noun. I would like to know how it came to be decided on capitalising this article as thou it is an accepted terminology in widespread usage? Both versions turns up a puny number of entries. Surely this means an alternative should be found, or is this dish devoid of an English name (or its existance as a "dictinct cuisine"?)--Huaiwei 07:09, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

yes, sai chaan is hardly a proper noun. i don't get your question. i'm not claiming it is. --Jiang 10:09, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Back to the old problem: Why is it inappropriate to say sai chaan (italicised) in the article, and any occurance of it must be removed? There's no academically proven absolute advantage with literal translations over pronunciation approximations. — Instantnood 16:55, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Cha Chaan Teng
I removed the reference that Hong Kong style Western cuisine is served in Cha Chaan Tengs, because it just... isn't.  Even if you look at the Cha Chaan Teng wiki entry, the food listed there is not the same as the description of the dishes in this entry. Hong Qi Gong 18:52, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Many cha chaan tengs do serve sai chaan. — Instantnood 19:59, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, some dishes they serve are derived from western dishes. But the easiest qualifier is this:  do people go to a cha chan tang for sai chaan?  The answer is no.  To me, the defining thing about sai chaan or "Hong Kong-style Western cuisine" is the soup they serve and the fact that the main course is always on a plate and always eatened with a fork and knife.  Most of the food you eat at a cha chan tang, you eat with chopsticks.  Hong Qi Gong 20:34, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Cha chaan teng actually refers to a pretty broad variety of restaurants, food served at these restaurants differ greatly. Some restaurants do exhibit many specific elements of cha chaan tengs, yet are mainly serving sai chaan. — Instantnood 15:33, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, if we're qualifying "Hong Kong-style Western cuisine" as sai chaan, then I insist that we don't reference cha chaan tang. Simply because nobody goes to a cha chaan tang to have sai chaan.  They go to a sai chaan restaurant to have sai chaan, to eat their "red or white" soup, and to have a steak with fork and knives.  Hong Qi Gong 15:59, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * And many of these sai chaan restaurants are in many ways qualified as cha chaan tengs. And sai chaan are served, tho not exclusively, at a lot of cha chaan tengs. — Instantnood 16:59, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, we must be going to different cha chaan tangs then, because the ones I've been to are nothing like the restaurants that people go to for sai chaan. :-P   Hong Qi Gong 17:06, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * :-P — Instantnood 17:22, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Romanizations
Removed zhuyin for the same reason given at Talk:District_Council_of_Hong_Kong. It is neither the original Chinese script nor a romanization system And according to Manual of Style (China-related articles), it is not necessary to repeat Chinese characters twice where they do not differ.--Jiang 05:25, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Cater to Chinese North Americans?
Are there actually any sources that claim that Hong Kong style Western cuisine catered to the taste of Chinese North Americans? If not, I'm going to delete that reference from the article. Why was it there in the first place? Hong Qi Gong 05:23, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Need more sources!
We need more sources for this article! Especially ones about the history of the subject matter. We might have to search for Chinese-language sources. Right now we only have one very short article and I don't think it's very informative. I doubt its accuracy, also. Hong Qi Gong 05:26, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Merge Discussion
This page is not getting the proper attention. I am proposing this page become a redirect page to Cuisine of Hong Kong. The history will be kept. And if need be, we can expand the western cuisine to here. Until then, I am proposing a merge. Benjwong 05:42, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I fail to see how this page is not getting "proper attention". The information contained herein is sufficient to stand on its own as an article. There is no need to merge as "Hong Kong-style Western cuisine" is a distinct cuisine among the cuisines of Hong Kong. --Jiang 07:06, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Have you seen Cuisine of Hong Kong? This page is not even distinguishing chaan and cuisine. Have you checked the reference links? How does sample san francisco hk-style food menu, which is essentially US chinese food get mixed up with Hong Kong's western style cuisine? Are you reading this page at all? The intro paragraphs are misleading enough. Unless the cuisine of Hong Kong page splits into a western styles and eastern styles page, I see absolutely no reason to keep this. At the moment, you are basically in favor of keeping misleading info around. Why would you not merge, when proper attention and info has already been provided elsewhere? Benjwong 12:14, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

 * 餐=cuisine. Am I missing something? The Cuisine of Hong Kong is already too long. Use of Summary style means that details should go into this article. And not everything in this article has been replicated there.

 * I really don't see the distinction between the two sections of this article. This article should be reverted to what it was before someone tried to split it. If there's something wrong with this article, then let's edit it. That alone is not a justification for merge. see also article size--Jiang 04:43, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Chaan = meal. Cuisine = style of dishes.  The street terms are ok if you are discussing loosely.  By encyclopedia standard it is not the same.  Like I mentioned earlier, if anything is too long... is the eastern-cuisine section, which should have its own page instead. Keeping this page around adds confusion.  Benjwong 03:39, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

I'm not sure what the confusion is here. If anything, it is a case to improve this article, not detroy it. We dont wait for things to become too long to split them into articles. We start articles that are not long enough and encourage people to expand on the topic.--Jiang 04:45, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hong Kong-style Western cuisine


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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:1238 births


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Geek Squad

Geek Squad, Inc. is a subsidiary of American and Canadian multinational consumer electronics corporation Best Buy, headquartered in Richfield, Minnesota. The subsidiary was originally an independent company founded by "Chief Inspector" Robert Stephens on June 16, 1994, and offers various computer-related services and accessories for residential and commercial clients. In 2002, they merged with Best Buy, retaining Stephens as the primary corporate leadership for the subsidiary. The Geek Squad provides services in-store, on-site, and over the Internet via remote access, and also provides 24-hour telephone and emergency on-site support. Geek Squad no longer works solely on computer-related devices. It now diagnoses issues in and repairs all consumer electronics, as well as appliances.

Locations and partnerships
Geek Squad precincts exist in most Best Buy stores in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, and the Netherlands. They offer in-store, in-home, online, and remote/over the phone services.

Best Buy terminated its partnership with Office Depot in Orlando, Florida, where Geek Squad precincts were located in ten Office Depot locations. The brand is also located in select FedEx Office locations.

In October 2006, Best Buy was reported that Geek Squad would be launching in the United Kingdom in a joint 50-50 venture with Carphone Warehouse, where today it exists as both an onsite service and a remote repair service, although not under the same name. At its peak, Geek Squad services were available in Greater London, the Home Counties, the South Coast and North West areas of England, with phone and remote support was undertaken from Tulketh Mill in Preston (Lancashire) and repairs completed at a site in Wednesbury (West Midlands). In November 2015 Geek Squad repairs moved to Newark following the merger between Carphone Warehouse and Dixons Retail forming Dixons Carphone (now Currys PLC).

In 2008, Best Buy partnered with online tech support provider SupportSpace to offer remote Virtual Agent services to its clients. SupportSpace was founded in 2006 and provided immediate online tech support services. On July 15, 2013, all Geek Squad business was transferred away from SupportSpace and moved in-house to Geek Squad agents.

In January 2012, following poor financial results, the Best Buy Europe venture was discontinued with Carphone Warehouse purchasing its 50% of the deal back. In the following years the Geek Squad operations in France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain and Portugal were slowly wound down with the brand finally ending in Europe with Carphone Warehouse adopting the Team Knowhow brand in 2017.

A 2013 agreement with Atomic Learning, Inc. provides all Geek Squad tech subscribers with access to over 60,000 on-demand tutorial training videos.

Total Services
In 2007, Geek Squad officially added Magnolia Home Theater installation teams as well as Best Buy Mobile Installers to the Geek Squad brand. The change was titled, "Total Services" and was aimed towards the combination of major Best Buy services into one cohesive unit. Best Buy mobile installers and Magnolia Home Theater installers have now switched from their previous grey and blue uniforms to grey and orange shirts with grey cargo pants. This change removed all "Magnolia Home Theater Installation" branding and was replaced by "Geek Squad Installation Units" instead. This has now allowed Geek Squad to incorporate home theater installation as one of the in home services offered via telephone. Geek Squad is also now an Apple Authorized Service Provider.

Staff
Geek Squad employees are known as Agents and are assigned titles similar to those used by intelligence agencies – Counter Intelligence Agent (CIA), Deputy of Counter Intelligence (DCI), Double Agent-Covert (DAC), Covert Agent (CA), Special Agent (SA), Deputy Covert Operations (DCO) and Deputy Field Marshal (DFM), to name a few. Unlike most computer repair facilities, Best Buy US does not require any industry certifications for its in-store technicians. However, Best Buy Canada requires at least A+ Certification to work as a CIA. They also require MECP certification for all technical mobile electronics installers. In-Store positions have long since changed, now only consisting of Consultation Agent (CA), Advanced Repair Agent (ARA), Geek Squad Sr (CIA Sr), Services Experience Supervisor, and Services Experience Manager.

Uniforms and vehicles

In-store PC agents, and in-home PC field agents, wear a white, short-sleeved, pocketless dress shirt. Agents are required to wear a black clip-on tie with the Geek Squad logo pin. Male agents wear black trousers, white socks and black lace-up shoes that used to have the Geek Squad logo on the sole. Female agents may wear either black trousers, white socks, and black shoes; or, a black skirt with hose and black shoes. White and black are the only colors allowed in Geek Squad uniforms. Agents who have served in an eligible capacity within any branch of Geek Squad for eighteen months, or who have held certain positions prior to 2014 including on-site Double Agents, Special Agents, and Deputies of Counter Intelligence carry a metal police-style badge with their Agent Number engraved on it. In October 2019 the Dress Code Policy for Best Buy was updated, with this update an alternate uniform option was introduced for Geek Squad Agents allowing them to wear the black Geek Squad polo along with jeans and sneakers.

The branding of the uniform to include a badge is central to the culture for Geek Squad Agents, including the writing of a 40-page essay, "The Geek Squad Badge", by former/“Sleeper” Double Agent Roman Corrales, Badge #11345. The essay explores history of badges across history, connecting the Roman shield to their evolution into the modern badge worn by many professionals today. The essay has been integrated across much of Geek Squad's employee branding, including being cited in an internal culture manual known as the Little Orange Book.

The Minnesota Historical Society added the official uniform to its permanent collection in 2000.

Geek Squad Autotechs and GSIs (Home Theater Installers) wear a grey button-up work shirt or black short sleeved and collared dress shirt with the Geek Squad logo on the front and optional certification patches on the arms. Matching pants or shorts are worn as well as a bright orange undershirt. These agents also have the option of wearing a grey Geek Squad hat and/or black Geeks Squad nylon jacket.

Prior to 2016, Double Agents and Special Agents drove black-and-white Volkswagen New Beetles (dubbed "Geekmobiles") with an orange-and-black company logo on the door. Geekmobiles in California are all-black with white roof and running boards due to a request by the California Highway Patrol that the vehicles no longer resemble the paint scheme of their police vehicles (a violation of California law). In 2016, Geek Squad began phasing out the New Beetles and replacing them with Toyota Prius Cs.

The Double Agent program in the UK ceased in late 2012. All technical support services continued in store or via Mission Control, Tulketh Mill. From here, the Covert or Covert Operations Agent title was established, Agents from Covert Operations are responsible for the technical support of desktop or laptop devices. They provide support for a narrow range of approved issues verbally over the phone, or Agents will connect to clients devices remotely and fix any issues if the computer is able to connect to the internet.

Geek Squad Agents that leave their roles, are referred to internally, as “Sleeper Agents”- a common quote when saying farewell to an Agent going sleeper is “await the signal”, as a reference to the Bat-Signal from Batman, used to call the superhero in a time of need. The idea is that Geek Squad has always been known to be welcoming of former Agents looking to return for a job, and to wish them luck in their endeavors.

Geek Squad City
Located in Brooks, Kentucky, Geek Squad City is the largest Geek Squad computer repair site at 240,000 square feet.

Controversy
Geek Squad technicians have been caught on numerous occasions searching and copying pornographic content stored on their clients' computers without permission. When asked about the incident, Geek Squad founder Robert Stephens refused to discuss the topic and focused on whether bloggers should be considered true journalists.

At least one former Geek Squad employee had come forward with allegations that the practice of surreptitiously searching for pornography on their clients' computers is not restricted to isolated employees, but is often shared with management.

In 2002, during a spate of legal threats and challenges to competitors with "geek" in their names, Geek Squad attempted to block the trademark registration of New England area competitor Geek Housecalls claiming that it violated their trademarks. When Geek Housecalls refused to budge, Geek Squad filed civil suit. After two years of wrangling, Geek Squad and Geek Housecalls arrived at an out-of-court settlement, the details of which cannot be disclosed according to the terms of the settlement except to state that Geek Housecalls retained its name.

In 2006, Geek Squad was sued for allegedly using unauthorized copies of Winternals' Emergency Repair Disk Commander. The lawsuit filed by Austin-based Winternals claims that employees of Geek Squad have continued using the unlicensed versions of the software after the commercial licensing agreement broke off. Best Buy and Geek Squad were accused of copyright infringement, circumvention of copyright infringement systems, and misappropriation of trade secrets. A settlement was eventually reached, and Winternals created a three-year agreement in place with Best Buy, allowing Geek Squad employees to lawfully use their licensed programs, including the ERD Commander.

In 2007, Best Buy was hit with a civil lawsuit by Sarah Vasquez alleging that Geek Squad technician Hao Kuo Chi had secretly taped her showering with a cellular phone camera he hid behind her sink. Vasquez sought compensation from Best Buy based on claims of negligent misrepresentation and hiring, invasion of privacy and intentional infliction of emotional stress. On top of the civil suit, Hao was also facing criminal charges including two counts of invasion of privacy and one count of child molestation.

In 2010, Best Buy issued a trademark infringement cease and desist letter against a priest in Wisconsin for painting "God Squad" on his car.

In 2013, Geek Squad was sued for invasion of privacy and several other civil infractions for allegedly releasing nude images found on a customer's computer. The suit is ongoing. In June 2015, the court denied Best Buy's motions for summary judgment on all claims except the claim for "negligence/wantonness."

On March 7, 2018, NPR reported that "FBI Used Paid Informants On Best Buy's Geek Squad To Flag Child Pornography" according to a document that was released by the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

title: Geek Squad


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Category:Television genres

This category lists genres of television programming.

title: Category:Television genres


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User talk:Nshrooz

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 20:03, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Nshrooz


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Yvonne Brathwaite Burke

Yvonne Pearl Burke (née Watson, later Brathwaite; born October 5, 1932) is an American politician and lawyer from California. She was the first African-American woman to represent the West Coast in Congress. She served in the U.S. Congress from 1973–1979. She represented the 2nd District on the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors from 1992–2008. She served as Chair of Los Angeles County four times and served as chair pro tem three times.

In 1973, she became the first member of the U.S. Congress to give birth while in office, and she was the first person to be granted maternity leave by the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.

She serves on the Board of Directors of Amtrak, having been appointed to the position by President Barack Obama in 2012.

Early life and career
Perle Yvonne Watson was born on October 5, 1932, in Los Angeles as the only child of James A. Watson and the former Lola Moore.

After first attending a public school, she was sent to a model school for exceptional children. At Manual Arts High School she was a member of the debate team and served as vice president of the Latin Club her junior year and girls' vice president in her senior year.

Burke attended the University of California, Berkeley from c. 1949 to 1951 before receiving a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1953. She subsequently earned a J.D. degree from the University of Southern California Law School in 1956. Burke is one of the first black women to be admitted to the University of Southern California Law School.

Her first entry into the world of politics was when she worked as a volunteer for the reelection of President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. She was elected to the California State Assembly in 1966, representing Los Angeles' 63rd District (1966–1972). Many of her early legislative efforts centered around juvenile issues and limiting garnishment of wages.

She served as vice-chairperson of the 1972 Democratic National Convention. She was the first African American and the first woman of color to hold that position, and presided for about fourteen hours when the chair left the convention on its last day.

That same year, she was elected to the first of three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Tenure in U.S. Congress
During her tenure in Congress, she served on the House Select Committee on Assassinations, House Beauty Shop Committee, and the House Committee on Appropriations; during her tenure on the Appropriations Committee, she fought for increased funding to aid local jurisdictions to comply with desegregation mandates

In 1973, with the birth of her daughter Autumn, Burke became the first member of Congress to give birth while in office and the first to be granted maternity leave by the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

She did not seek re-election to Congress in 1978, but instead ran for Attorney General of California. She lost to Republican George Deukmejian.

Later political career
In 1979, shortly after she left Congress, Governor Jerry Brown appointed Burke to the Board of Regents of the University of California; but she resigned later that year when Governor Brown appointed her to fill a vacancy in the District 4 seat on the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Burke was the first female and first African-American supervisor. Her district, however, was largely made up of affluent, conservative white areas on the coast. In 1980, Burke was defeated in her bid for a full term in the seat by Republican Deane Dana. In 1982, Brown again appointed her to the Regents.

In 1992, Burke ran for the District 2 seat on the L.A. County Board of Supervisors. The primary election was held in June, 1992, just weeks after the 1992 Los Angeles Riots. After a hard-fought campaign that often turned negative, Burke narrowly defeated State Senator Diane Watson.

In 2007, Burke announced that she would retire when her term expired in 2008. On July 27, 2007, the Los Angeles Times published a front-page story revealing that she was not living in the mostly low-income district she represented, but rather in the wealthy Brentwood neighborhood, an apparent violation of state law. Burke responded that she was living at her Brentwood mansion because the townhouse she listed in official political filings was being remodeled.

On March 29, 2012, she was nominated by President Barack Obama to serve on the Amtrak Board of Directors. Confirmed by the U.S. Senate, she has held a seat on that board ever since.

Personal life
In 1957 she married Louis Brathwaite, divorcing in 1964. She married William A. Burke in Los Angeles on June 14, 1972, just days after she won a Congressional primary against Billy Mills, a Los Angeles City Council member for whom William Burke had worked. William Burke is also the creator of the Los Angeles Marathon. Their daughter Autumn Burke was born on November 23, 1973. Yvonne and Autumn are the first mother-and-daughter to both serve in the California Assembly.

Memberships
Burke is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.

Burke is a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

title: Yvonne Brathwaite Burke


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Mike Dringenberg

Mike Dringenberg (born c. 1965) is an American comics artist best known for his work on DC Comics/Vertigo's Sandman series with writer Neil Gaiman.

Early life
Mike Dringenberg was born in Laon, France and raised in Germany before moving to the United States with his family in the late 1960s. Initially living in New Jersey and Florida, his father's career eventually took the family to Utah, where Mike attended high school. He later studied illustration and graphic design at the University of Utah from 1983 to 1987, where he began illustrating comics and working professionally even before graduating. During a break between his freshman and sophomore years, he briefly worked as an animation assistant at Sullivan Bluth Studios, where he was probably best remembered for using up all the copier toner to make reading copies of his Cerebus collection.

Career
Dringenberg's first work in the comics industry was the story "A Tale Of... Lenny's Casino & Grill" in Kelvin Mace #1 (Dec. 1985) published by Vortex Comics. His other early work in the 1980s for publishers such as Eclipse Comics included Alien Worlds, Enchanter, and Total Eclipse. He worked on Adolescent Radioactive Blackbelt Hamsters, a parody of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, which itself was a parody of many then-current comic books, and Shock the Monkey. His mainstream work includes DC's Doom Patrol with writer Grant Morrison, where he co-created Flex Mentallo; the fantasy card game Magic: The Gathering; and White Wolf Publishing's card game Vampire: The Eternal Struggle.

Dringenberg came to prominence for his work on The Sandman, where he started as the series' inker over pencil art by Sam Kieth but switched to pencilling when Kieth left after the fifth issue. He drew eleven issues, all but one inked by Malcolm Jones III, and his understated, realistic style did much to establish the tone of the series. He co-created the popular character Death, whom he based on his then muse, Cinamon Hadley, whom he knew from the dance clubs in Salt Lake City, Utah. Gaiman had imagined her looking like Louise Brooks or Nico, but ultimately preferred Dringenberg's version. Dringenberg stated in a 2014 interview that "None of the characters are direct renderings of individual people; they're composites emerging from my memories; case in point, while my friend Cinamon was a primary visual inspiration for Death, she never actually posed for me as the character while I worked on the series. Most of the time, my girlfriend Givette and my friends McAnn and Nyssa actually posed and they each brought their own personalities to the task." He also co-created Delirium, Despair, and Desire, basing their androgynous appearance on the work of Patrick Nagel, and had a hand in much of the character design apparent in the early series.

Dringenberg's work appears in the Sandman collections "Preludes and Nocturnes", "The Doll's House" and "Season of Mists". He is credited in every printing as being one of the series' creators, as he is responsible for the iconic representation of many of the principal characters. In 2008, he was one of the artists for Tori Amos' Comic Book Tattoo anthology graphic novel.

Dringenberg is an illustrator of book jackets and CD covers, most notably for various books by J. R. R. Tolkien, Kij Johnson, Charles de Lint, Kage Baker. He drew interior illustrations and chapter decorations for Sharyn November's Firebirds Soaring (2009). Mike has illustrated several album and CD covers for San Francisco's Big City Orchestra. He has also contributed artwork for a number of Magic: The Gathering cards, from 1996's Mirage to 2008's Eventide.

Personal life
Dringenberg lived in Salt Lake City, Utah for many years before moving to the greater Portland, Oregon area, where he currently resides.

Acclaim Comics

 * Arabian Nights on the World of Magic: The Gathering #1–2 (covers only) (1995–1996)
 * Homelands on the World of Magic: The Gathering #1 (text story) (1996)

Dark Horse Comics

 * Dark Horse Presents #85 (1994)

DC Comics

 * Doom Patrol vol. 2 #42 (1991)
 * The Sandman #1–4 (inker); #6–11, 14–16, 21, 28 (penciller) (1989–1991)
 * Who's Who in the DC Universe #5 (Dream illustration), #8 (Death illustration), #15 (The Dreaming and Endless illustrations) (1990–1992)

Eclipse Comics

 * Adolescent Radioactive Black Belt Hamsters #3 (inker); #5 (cover only); #9 (one page only) (1986–1988)
 * Alien Worlds vol. 2 #1 (1988)
 * Clint #1–2 (1986–1987)
 * Total Eclipse #1 (Prowler backup story) (1988)

Entity-Parody

 * Enchanter: Prelude to Apocalypse #1–3 (1993)

IDW Publishing

 * Hero Comics #1 (2011)

Image Comics

 * Comic Book Tattoo #1 (2008)
 * Spawn #34 (one page Violator illustration) (1995)

Marvel Comics

 * Daredevil #339–340, 342–343 (covers only) (1995)
 * Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #81 (one page only) (1995)
 * Shadows & Light #3 (one page only) (1998)
 * Strange Tales: Dark Corners #1 (1998)
 * X-Universe #2 (two pages only) (1995)

Vortex Comics

 * Kelvin Mace #1 (1985)

title: Mike Dringenberg


text:
User:Edward E. Hopkins

Edward E. Hopkins

Ph.D. Candidate, Applied Optics

Dartmouth College

Thayer School of Engineering

Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

See also:

Dartmouth_College Thayer_School_of_Engineering

title: User:Edward E. Hopkins


text:
Bloodshot

Bloodshot may refer to:

Music

 * Bloodshot (The J. Geils Band album) (1973)
 * Bloodshot (Choir album) (2018)
 * "Bloodshot" (song), a 2019 song by Dove Cameron
 * Bloodshot Records, a record label

Other uses

 * Bloodshot (comics), a Valiant comic book series
 * Bloodshot (film), a 2020 film based on the comic
 * Blood Shot (novel), a 1988 novel by Sara Paretsky
 * Bloodshot (video game), a 1994 video game by Domark
 * Condemned 2: Bloodshot, a 2008 video game

title: Bloodshot


text:
Tausend und eine Nacht

Tausend und eine Nacht (Thousand and One Nights), Op. 346, is a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II in 1871. The waltz's melodies were drawn from his first operetta, Indigo und die vierzig Räuber (Indigo and the Forty Thieves). It was his first attempt at ensuring that the more memorable melodies from the stage works would survive obscurity by finding new life as a new orchestral work, a practice which he would retain in future stage works. Such a move would also benefit sheet music publishers who can sell the piano editions of the new works to the public who can readily identify individual music pieces.

The waltz incorporated the more popular numbers from the operetta, with the melody "Ja, so singt man" comprising the entire first waltz section. The second section was contributed from the act 2 bacchanal "Lasst frei nun erschallen das Lied aus der Brust".

Composition
Introduction.

The waltz's dreamy introduction is played by a sonorous clarinet evoking a distinctive Arabian feel. The first waltz is robust and energetic, with a trio section of comparatively less-rigorous character. The second waltz is a swirling passage in C major, in a high-spirited fashion. The third waltz is considerably gentler, with a fierce, exciting coda. The first waltz theme makes a hesitant entry again, accelerating into its breathless and brilliant conclusion, with repeated chords, with a strong drumroll and brass flourish.

title: Tausend und eine Nacht


text: Category:1233 births

title: Category:1233 births


text:
1848 in rail transport

February events

 * February 15 – The Caledonian Railway is opened to the public throughout between Edinburgh and Carstairs in Scotland and Carlisle in England, completing a through rail route by the West Coast Main Line and providing the first service of through carriages between Scotland and England.
 * February 18 – The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad, a predecessor of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, is chartered in Ohio.

March events

 * March – The Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway completes its Ballochmyle Viaduct, designed by John Miller. The main arch of 181 ft span, carrying the rails 169 ft above the River Ayr, is the world's longest masonry span. This section of line is opened to traffic on 9 August.

April events

 * April 3 – The Joseph Valley Railroad, a predecessor of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, is chartered in Michigan.

May events

 * May 1 – Opening for Chester and Holyhead Railway traffic of the first tube of Robert Stephenson's Conwy Railway Bridge in north Wales.
 * May 12 – Waterford and Kilkenny Railway in Ireland opens between Kilkenny and Thomastown.
 * May 22 – The Scottish Central Railway opens to Perth railway station, Scotland, including the 1220 yd Moncrieff Tunnel on the southern approach to Perth.

June events

 * June 12 – The Bristol and Exeter Railway's Tiverton branch line opens.

July events

 * July – Henschel & Son turn out the first locomotive from their works in Kassel.
 * July 11 – London Waterloo station opens.
 * July 20 – Grand Trunk Railway predecessor Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad opens.

September events

 * September 10 – Use of the atmospheric system on Isambard Kingdom Brunel's South Devon Railway (England) ceases after less than a year of operation.

October events

 * October 2 – The Skipton to Colne section of the Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway opened.
 * October 28 – The first railway in Spain, connecting Barcelona and Mataró, opens.

November events

 * November 1 – First W H Smith bookstall at a railway station opens, at Euston Station, in London.
 * November 3 – The first railway in South America opens, from Georgetown to Plaisance (8 km) in British Guiana.

December events

 * December – The Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, the oldest part of what is to become the Chicago and North Western Railway, begins operation.

Unknown date events

 * Tredegar Iron Works (Richmond, Virginia) manager Joseph R. Anderson becomes the owner of the company.

February births

 * February 20 – E. H. Harriman, executive in charge of both the Union Pacific Railroad and the Southern Pacific Railroad at the start of the 20th century (died 1909).

April births

 * April 12 – Alonzo C. Mather, founder of Mather Stock Car Company, designer of first widely recognized humane stock car (died 1941).

September births

 * September 15 – Alfred de Glehn, English-born designer of French steam locomotives (died 1936).

August deaths

 * August 12 – George Stephenson, English steam locomotive builder (born 1781).

title: 1848 in rail transport


text:
Roger Spottiswoode

John Roger Spottiswoode (born 5 January 1945) is a Canadian-British director, editor and writer of film and television.

Early life
He was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and was raised in Britain. His father Raymond Spottiswoode was a British film theoretician who worked at the National Film Board of Canada during the 1940s, directing short films such as Wings of a Continent.

Career
In the 1960s, Spottiswoode entered the British film industry as a trainee editor where he apprenticed under editor John Bloom. In the early 1970s Spottiswoode edited several films for Sam Peckinpah.

He wanted to direct and Walter Hill advised him the best way in was to write a script. Hill and Spottiswoode collaborated on the scripts for 48 Hours and the never-made The Last Gun.

Spottiswoode turned to directing in the early 1980s and has since directed a number of notable films and television productions, including Under Fire (1983) and the 1997 James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies starring Pierce Brosnan. Spottiswoode was a member of the writing team responsible for 48 Hrs. starring Eddie Murphy and Nick Nolte. In 2000, he directed the science fiction action thriller The 6th Day starring Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Film
As editor
 * Straw Dogs (1971)
 * Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973)
 * The Gambler (1974)
 * Hard Times (1975)

As writer
 * 48 Hrs. (1982)

Television
TV movies
 * The Last Innocent Man (1987)
 * Third Degree Burn (1989)
 * And the Band Played On (1993)
 * Hiroshima (1995)
 * Murder Live! (1997)
 * Noriega: God's Favorite (2000)
 * The Matthew Shepard Story (2002)
 * Ice Bound: A Woman's Survival at the South Pole (2003)
 * The Beach House (2018)

Awards and nominations
Won
 * 1982: Festival du Film Policier de Cognac Special Jury Prize: The Pursuit of D. B. Cooper
 * 1993: Montreal World Film Festival Special Grand Jury Prize: And the Band Played On
 * 1995: Gemini Award for Best Direction in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series: Hiroshima
 * 2003: Hamptons International Film Festival Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature: Spinning Boris
 * 2007: Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival Audience Award: Shake Hands with the Devil
 * 2007: Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival Award for Best Canadian Film: Shake Hands with the Devil
 * 2008: Beverly Hills Film Festival Jury Award: Shake Hands with the Devil

Nominated
 * 1983: Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture: 48 Hrs. - with Walter Hill, Larry Gross, Steven E. de Souza
 * 1988: CableACE Award for Directing a Movie or Miniseries: The Last Innocent Man
 * 1988: NAACP Image Award for Best Motion Picture: Shoot to Kill
 * 1994: Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Miniseries or TV Film: And the Band Played On
 * 1994: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special: And the Band Played On
 * 1995: CableACE Award for Directing a Movie or Miniseries: And the Band Played On
 * 2008: Genie Award for Best Achievement in Direction

title: Roger Spottiswoode


text: Category:1181 births

title: Category:1181 births


text:
Convention on the Unification of Certain Points of Substantive Law on Patents for Invention

The Convention on the Unification of Certain Points of Substantive Law on Patents for Invention, also called Strasbourg Convention or Strasbourg Patent Convention, is a multilateral treaty signed by Member States of the Council of Europe on 27 November 1963 in Strasbourg, France. It entered into force on 1 August 1980, and led to a significant harmonization of patent laws across European countries.

This Convention establishes patentability criteria, i.e. specifies on which grounds inventions can be rejected as not patentable. Its intent was to harmonize substantive patent law but not procedural law. This convention is quite different from the European Patent Convention (EPC), which establishes an independent system for granting European patents.

The Strasbourg Convention has had a significant impact on the EPC, on national patent laws across Europe, on the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), on the Patent Law Treaty (PLT) and on the WTO's TRIPS.

Ratifications and accessions
Thirteen countries ratified the treaty or acceded to it: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Republic of Macedonia, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom.


text:
Vítězslav Hálek

Vítězslav Hálek (also known as Vincenc Hálek; ; 5 April 1835 – 8 October 1874) was a Czech poet, writer, journalist, dramatist and theatre critic.

Life
Hálek was born in Dolínek, Austrian Empire, today part of Odolena Voda in the Czech Republic. In 1841–1842, he lived in Zálezlice.

After completing his studies at gymnasium in Prague Hálek refused to go on to study at seminary. He didn't finish his philosophical studies and instead decided to become a writer. Beginning in 1861, he worked as an editor in Národní listy, later helping publish newspapers and journals (Lumír, Květy or Zlatá Praha, which he founded). He worked as a journalist until his death in Prague in 1874. He died suddenly of pneumonia.

He is considered one of the most important representatives of the May School, along with Jan Neruda.

Style
In his time, his writing was very popular, in part due to his optimistic and relaxed writing style.

Notable works

 * Večerní písně (Evening Songs), 1859
 * V přírodě (In the Nature), 1872
 * Antonín Dvořák, Vítězslav Hálek: The Heirs of the White Mountain, Op. 30, B 134

title: Vítězslav Hálek


text: Category:1220 births

title: Category:1220 births


text: Category:1147 deaths

title: Category:1147 deaths


text: Category:1132 births

title: Category:1132 births


text: Category:1135 births

title: Category:1135 births


text: Category:1152 births

title: Category:1152 births


text:
Francoeur

Francoeur was a Canadian television series, first aired by TFO in 2003. It was the first Franco-Ontarian téléroman. The series has produced 44 episodes to date.

The series revolves around the Francoeurs, a Franco-Ontarian family in Eastern Ontario running a family farm. Written by Guy Boutin and directed by Derek Diorio, it was created and produced by Robert Charbonneau (who would later create TFO's first sitcom, Météo+).

The series has also aired on Télévision de Radio-Canada across the country.

Cast

 * Marc Bélanger as Luc Francoeur
 * Guy Mignault as Bernard Francoeur
 * Annie Lefebvre as Josée Francoeur
 * Louise Nolan as Monique Francoeur
 * Olivier L'Écuyer as Paul-André Francoeur
 * Lina Blais as Sophie Pouliot
 * Yan England as Joey Nadeau
 * Jimmy Changue as Bernard Nadeau
 * Kim Bubbs as Gabrielle Létourneau
 * Roch Castonguay as Henri Létourneau
 * Renaud Lacelle-Bourdon as Pascal Létourneau
 * Karen Racicot as Bérengère Laliberté
 * Eugénie Gaillard as Chloé Marchand
 * François Grisé as Laurent Dorval
 * Vincent Poirier as Guillaume Bérubé
 * Colombe Demers as Karine Lorrain
 * Raymond Accolas as Gilles Péloquin
 * Maxime Cournoyer as Richard Lalonde

title: Francoeur


text:
USS Guardfish

USS Guardfish has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:

 * USS Guardfish (SS-217), a submarine in commission from 1942 to 1946
 * USS Guardfish (SSN-612), a submarine in commission from 1966 to 1992

title: USS Guardfish


text: Category:1137 births

title: Category:1137 births


text:
User talk:HSag

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 20:11, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:HSag


text:
Once Upon a Mattress

Once Upon a Mattress is a musical comedy with music by Mary Rodgers, lyrics by Marshall Barer, and book by Jay Thompson, Dean Fuller, and Marshall Barer. It opened off-Broadway in May 1959, and then moved to Broadway. The play was written as a humorous adaptation of the 1835 Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale "The Princess and the Pea".

Once Upon a Mattress was first written as a shorter play at the Tamiment adult summer camp resort. The play was later expanded for the Broadway stage. Initial reviews of the play were mixed, but critics and actors alike were surprised by the show's enduring popularity. Once Upon a Mattress is a popular choice for high school drama programs and community theater groups.

Broadway (1959-1960)
The original production opened on May 11, 1959, at the off-Broadway Phoenix Theatre (later a multi-plex cinema on the Lower East Side), transferred later that year to Broadway at the Alvin Theatre (the modern Neil Simon Theatre) and then to several other Broadway theaters, finally playing at the St. James Theatre, for a total run of 470 performances. The musical was directed by George Abbott and choreographed by Joe Layton. Once Upon a Mattress marked the Broadway debut of comedian Carol Burnett, who originated the role of Princess Winnifred. Also featured were Joseph Bova, Allen Case, Jack Gilford and Matt Mattox. Jane White played the role of Queen Aggravain. Jack Gilford played King Sextimus The Silent and was later replaced by Will Lee, Gilford's standby, before the show's Broadway move. The musical received a Tony Award nomination for Best Musical as well as a Best Leading Actress nomination for Carol Burnett. When Burnett left the show on June 25, 1960, veteran television actress Ann B. Davis took over the leading role beginning June 27. A few days later the show announced it was closing July 2; Davis played eight performances as Winnifred.

US National Tour (1960)
In August 1960, soon after the closing of the Broadway run, rehearsals were called for a seven-month US tour which would move from city to city by train, truck and bus. Jack Sydow stepped from his role as King into the position of Director. Dody Goodman played Winnifred at first, then Imogene Coca picked up the role. Carol Arthur understudied them both, and played the Nightingale of Samarkand. Fritzi Burr played the Queen and Buster Keaton played the King. Keaton's wife Eleanor was placed in the chorus. Keaton warmed up to the cast of younger actors, dispensing grandfatherly advice and chocolates freely.

West End (1960)
A London production of the musical opened at the Adelphi Theatre on September 20, 1960, where it ran for 24 performances. The cast included Jane Connell as Winnifred, Robin Hunter as Dauntless, Milo O'Shea as the King, Bill Kerr as the Wizard and Max Wall as the Jester. EMI Records took the cast into the recording studio and recorded a London Cast album. This was issued on an HMV LP. The album was included on a CD titled Once Upon a Mattress issued by Sepia Records in 2010.

Subsequent revivals
A Broadway revival opened on December 19, 1996, at the Broadhurst Theatre and closed on May 31, 1997, after 35 previews and 188 regular performances. It starred Sarah Jessica Parker as Winnifred, David Aaron Baker as Dauntless, Lewis Cleale as Sir Harry, Heath Lamberts as the King, Lawrence Clayton as the Minstrel, David Hibbard as the Jester, Tom Alan Robbins as Master Merton and Jane Krakowski as Lady Larken. The production was nominated for the 1997 Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical.

The musical opened Off-Broadway, produced by the Transport Group, at the Abrons Arts Center on December 13, 2015, for a limited run which ended on January 3, 2016. Directed by Jack Cummings III, the cast featured Jackie Hoffman as Princess Winnifred, John Epperson as Queen Aggravain, Jessica Fontana as Lady Larken, David Greenspan as The King, and Hunter Ryan Herdlicka as The Minstrel.

From January 24 until February 4, 2024, a concert production was staged as part of the New York City Center Encores! series. The production had a book adaptation by Amy Sherman-Palladino and direction by Lear deBessonet, among the cast was Sutton Foster as Winnifred, Michael Urie as Dauntless, Nikki Renée Daniels as Larken, Cheyenne Jackson as Sir Harry, Harriet Sansom Harris as the Queen, David Patrick Kelly as the King, and J. Harrison Ghee as the Jester. This production cut the role of the Minstrel as well as the song "The Minstrel, the Jester, and I", and made the Jester non-binary using they/them pronouns, with an implied romance between the Jester and the Wizard. In May 2024, it was announced that the production would transfer to Broadway in the summer of 2024. The show is expected to begin previews on July 31 at the Hudson Theatre. Opening night is scheduled for August 12. Sutton Foster and Michael Urie are expected to reprise their respective roles of Princess Winnifred and Prince Dauntless and Daniels and Kelly reprising their respective roles of Lady Larken and King Sextimus. New to the cast include Brooks Ashmanskas as the Wizard, Daniel Breaker as the Jester, Will Chase as Sir Harry, and Ana Gasteyer as Queen Aggravarian. The show is scheduled to run through November 30. The production is then scheduled to transfer to the Ahmanson Theatre in Los Angeles beginning December 10.

1964
The first television adaptation was aired on June 3, 1964, on CBS. The production was videotaped in black and white in front of a live audience and featured Burnett, Bova, Gilford, and White from the original Broadway cast, as well as new principals Bill Hayes as the Minstrel, Shani Wallis as Lady Larken and Elliott Gould (in his first appearance on any screen) as the Jester. Due to the reduced running time of 90 minutes, several songs and scenes were either cut or shortened. The character of Sir Harry was written out, and the Minstrel was rewritten to be Lady Larken's love interest, with the conflict concerning them being downplayed to a secret marriage.

1972
The second television adaptation was broadcast on December 12, 1972, on CBS. This production, videotaped in color, included original Broadway cast members Burnett, Gilford and White, and also featured Bernadette Peters as Lady Larken, Ken Berry as Prince Dauntless, Ron Husmann as Harry, and Wally Cox as The Jester. It was directed by Ron Field and Dave Powers. Again, several songs were eliminated and characters were combined or altered. Since the parts of the Minstrel and the Wizard were cut from this adaptation, a new prologue was written with Burnett singing "Many Moons Ago" as a bedtime story. In 2016, the special was included as a bonus feature on the DVD Carol + 2: The Original Queens of Comedy.

2005
The third television version, which aired on December 18, 2005, on ABC in the United States as part of The Wonderful World of Disney and was released on DVD two days later, starred Carol Burnett as Queen Aggravain, Denis O'Hare as Prince Dauntless, Tom Smothers as King Sextimus, Tracey Ullman as Princess Winnifred, Zooey Deschanel as Lady Larken, and Matthew Morrison as Sir Harry. It was directed by Kathleen Marshall and executive produced by Burnett and Martin Tudor. The beginning portion, cut from the DVD release, features a girl, who meets Cinderella, telling her mother the story of that story. The Minstrel was cut from this version, negating and also cutting most of the songs featuring the Minstrel except "Normandy," which was changed to describe Larken's and Sir Harry's honeymoon. Additional plot changes include the King hiding to overhear the Queen and Wizard plotting the test, then collaborating with the Jester, Larken, and Harry.

Act I
A fictional medieval kingdom in 15th-century Europe is ruled by the devious Queen Aggravain and the mute King Sextimus the Silent. King Sextimus suffers from a curse that can only be reversed "when the mouse devours the hawk." The Minstrel sings of the Princess and the Pea ("Many Moons Ago"), but reveals the story to be fake, though he knows the true tale because he was there when it happened. The princess in the story is not the first princess tested to see if she is worthy of marrying Prince Dauntless the Drab—she is the thirteenth princess. The day the Minstrel arrives, the Queen, alongside her confidante, the Wizard, is testing Princess #12 with an unfair quiz. To the Queen's delight, the princess misses the last question: "What was the middle name of the daughter-in-law of the best friend of the blacksmith who forged the sword that killed the Beast?" and is given a rubber chicken by Sir Studley. The populace of the castle complains about an unjust law levied by Queen Aggravain: "Throughout the land no one may wed, 'till Dauntless shares his wedding bed." However, every petitioning princess is sent away after failing unfair tests devised by the Queen. It seems that no one is good enough to marry Prince Dauntless ("An Opening for a Princess").

The crisis escalates when the leading knight of the realm, Sir Harry, discovers that his girlfriend, Lady Larken, is pregnant. Though Lady Larken says that she will run away so he will never have to face embarrassment and the loss of his station, Sir Harry decides that he will set out to find a princess himself ("In a Little While"). He petitions the Queen who immediately says no, but when Dauntless manages to speak up and beg, she gives in.

The Minstrel tells the audience that in the original story, the princess arrived at the castle on a stormy night ("Many Moons Ago - Reprise"), but it is not night at all-and the princess only looked as though she went through a storm. Princess Winnifred the Woebegone, a brash and unrefined princess from the marshlands, was so eager to arrive that she swam the castle moat. She immediately charms Dauntless, Studley, and the knights and most of the kingdom ("Shy"). However, she also earns the utter loathing of the evil Queen, who vows to stop her.

The King discovers Larken's pregnancy and pantomimes this to his confidantes, the Minstrel and the Jester. He tells them to not say a word, but they both are more worried about the King letting it slip, because even though he is mute, he can still communicate ("The Minstrel, the Jester, and I"). Later, the Queen, assisted by the Wizard, designs a test for Winnifred based on something they are sure she has not got at all—sensitivity. They will place a tiny pea beneath twenty thick downy mattresses. If Winnifred is unable to sleep due to the pea, then she will be sensitive enough to marry Dauntless ("Sensitivity").

Meanwhile, Winnifred tells Dauntless and the ladies in waiting about her home in the swamp ("The Swamps of Home") and meets the King, and they immediately like each other. Then, after spilling a purple vase filled with fresh new baby's breath, Winnifred is caught cleaning the mess by Lady Larken who mistakes her for a chambermaid. Soon Harry gets mad at Larken for her mistake and they get in a fight. Larken vows that she will run far far away where she will never see him again. The King, the Minstrel and the Jester catch Larken trying to run away, and they try to stop her but in the end decide to help her escape to Normandy ("Normandy"). Later that night, the Queen throws a ball so Winnifred can dance the most exhausting dance in the world, "The Spanish Panic". The Queen hopes that Winnifred will tire herself, but the plan fails. Winnifred is the last one standing as everyone collapses from exhaustion at the dance's climax. She asks Dauntless to try to give her a clue as to what the test might be, but he's not sure. He brings out a huge barbell that one of the princesses was asked to lift, but even he cannot lift it. Winnifred does easily and Dauntless admits that he loves her. Winnifred mentions that her nickname is Fred and Dauntless sings of his love for her as she practices numerous tasks she might have to do for the test, including singing, dancing, wrestling, acting, playing the Minstrel's lute, pantomiming and drinking herself unconscious ("Song of Love").

Act II
Later that night the Queen leads the knights and ladies as they carry the twenty mattresses to Fred's room ("Quiet"), and she catches the Minstrel, the Jester, the King, and Larken (disguised in Dauntless' clothes) running away. The Minstrel tries to protect Larken by saying he was escaping with Larken against her will. The Queen declares that the Minstrel will be banished by daybreak. Fred and Dauntless study for the test, and Fred convinces Larken to fix things with Harry. Larken leaves to find Harry, Dauntless bids Fred goodnight, and now she is left alone. While studying a fairytale, she complains about how other fairy tale princesses had it easy and how she wants to live happily ever after ("Happily Ever After"). King Sextimus has a man to man talk with Dauntless about the birds and the bees completely in pantomime ("Man to Man Talk"). The Jester and Minstrel trick the Wizard into telling them of the test and the Jester reminisces about his father's dancing days ("Very Soft Shoes").

Sir Harry and Lady Larken run into each other and they confess that their love is stronger than ever ("Yesterday I Loved You"). When Fred is finally ready for bed, the Queen brings in various people, including the Nightingale of Samarkand, to sing her to sleep ("Nightingale Lullaby") but Winnifred is kept wide awake. It seems that there is some "lump" under the mattresses that is keeping her from relaxing. She starts counting sheep.

The next morning, Dauntless dresses in his finest to see Winnifred pass the test, but the Queen tells him to his great disappointment that the test has already happened and what it was. She says that since Winnifred has not yet emerged from her room, she must still be sleeping and therefore has failed. Dauntless is heartbroken until Winnifred drowsily stumbles into the throne room while still counting sheep; she hasn't slept a wink. Everyone is ecstatic that Winnifred has passed but the Queen insists that Dauntless should not throw himself away on Winnifred. Dauntless has had enough of his mother's attempts to control his life and finally yells, "I told you to shut up!". The curse on King Sextimus is lifted (the "mouse", Dauntless, has metaphorically devoured the "hawk", Queen Aggravain). Aggravain discovers that she cannot talk and the King can, so Dauntless and Winnifred are free to be married. The King forces the Queen to hop, skip, and jump around the room to everyone's amusement, and with this, she is forced to step down.

Finally the real reason why Winnifred passed the test is revealed. After learning about the test, the King, Minstrel, and Jester stuffed the mattresses full of weapons, jousting equipment, and other sharp items. All the items are removed by the Jester in the finale ("Finale"). After the items are removed Winnifred still has trouble sleeping until Dauntless takes the pea out from under the mattress, when she then falls asleep almost immediately. Everyone, in classic fairy-tale tradition, lives happily ever after.

Characters

 * Prince Dauntless - The son of Queen Aggravain and King Sextimus, who is slightly childlike, but easily falls in love with the princess just as he has with the many that have come before.
 * Princess Winnifred - The princess that comes from the swamp, who is brought to the castle by Sir Harry. She is also childlike and also much less refined than the rest of the castle's residents. She was far out of where the kingdom had searched for princesses before, but Sir Harry was noble enough to travel to find one like her.
 * Queen Aggravain - The wife of King Sextimus, who makes every princess take the extremely hard tests she creates. She is arrogant and full of herself and is in constant disagreement with the King despite his not being able to talk.
 * King Sextimus - The (cursed) husband of Queen Aggravain, and very good friend of the Jester and Minstrel. He cannot speak and communicates via hand gestures before he speaks at the end and allows for the prince and princess to be married.
 * The Minstrel - The narrator of the musical, who helps the King and the Jester many times, and all are very good friends. He is also very clever in his way of getting things, but is kind and smart with the way he does it.
 * The Jester - A complicated character of sorts, who is meant to be funny but instead is more sad or annoying than humorous. The jester is great friends with the king and the minstrel, and translates for the king frequently.
 * Sir Harry - The noble knight of the kingdom, who is in love with Lady Larken. He is the one who searches for the Princess Winnifred, after passing the mountains and the badlands. His true reason for bringing a princess to the kingdom was so that he and Lady Larken could be married, as well as all the rest of the kingdom.
 * Lady Larken - The very kind and refined nobility, who wishes to be married with Sir Harry, and carries his child. She believes at first that Princess Winnifred was a chambermaid, and still voiced that she did afterwards. She attempts to escape the kingdom after breaking up with Sir Harry for a night, but returns to him and they fall in love again ("Yesterday I Loved You").
 * Wizard - A very quiet person, who usually keeps to himself, although he is basically the Queen's minion, and puts her tests for the princesses in action. He does like the Jester and Minstrel though, and they bond over his past with the Jester's father.
 * Ensemble - The men and women of the kingdom, who wish to be married to each other throughout the play. They also highly encourage the prince to get married because they cannot be married until the prince marries a princess.

Musical numbers

 * Act I
 * "Overture" - Orchestra
 * "Many Moons Ago" - Minstrel
 * "An Opening For a Princess" - Prince Dauntless, Lady Larken, Ensemble
 * "In a Little While" - Sir Harry, Lady Larken
 * "In a Little While (reprise)" - Sir Harry, Lady Larken
 * "On a Stormy Night" - Minstrel
 * "Shy" - Princess Winnifred, Knights and Ladies
 * "The Minstrel, the Jester, and I" - Minstrel, Jester
 * "Sensitivity" - Queen Aggravain, Wizard
 * "The Swamps of Home" - Princess Winnifred, Prince Dauntless, Ladies-in-Waiting
 * "Normandy" - Minstrel, Jester, Larken
 * "Spanish Panic" - Orchestra, Ensemble
 * "Song of Love" - Prince Dauntless, Princess Winnifred, Ensemble

 * Act II
 * "Entr'acte" - Orchestra
 * "Quiet" - Queen Aggravain, Ensemble
 * "Goodnight, Sweet Princess" - Prince Dauntless (revival only)
 * "Happily Ever After" - Princess Winnifred
 * "Man to Man Talk" - Prince Dauntless
 * "Very Soft Shoes" - Jester
 * "Yesterday I Loved You" - Sir Harry, Lady Larken
 * "Nightingale Lullaby" - Nightingale of Samarkand
 * "Finale" - Prince Dauntless, Princess Winnifred, Queen Aggravain, King Sextimus, Ensemble

1959 production

 * Winnifred – Ann B. Davis, Patti Karr (u/s)
 * Aggravain – Patti Karr (u/s)
 * Jester – Stuart Hodes (u/s)

1996 production

 * Sextimus - Tom Alan Robbins (u/s)

2024 production

 * Winnifred – Kara Lindsay (s/b)

title: Once Upon a Mattress


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Strasbourg Convention

Strasbourg Convention may refer to:
 * The 1963 Convention on the Unification of Certain Points of Substantive Law on Patents for Invention
 * The 1963 Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and on Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality
 * The 1967 European Convention on the Adoption of Children
 * The 1977 Convention on Products Liability in regard to Personal Injury and Death
 * The 1981 Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data
 * The 1983 Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons
 * The 1990 CETS141 (Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime)
 * The 1997 European Convention on Nationality
 * The 1997 European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism

title: Strasbourg Convention


text:
1855 in rail transport

January events

 * January 8 – The first through train travels the entire distance from Chicago to the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois.
 * January 28 – The Panama Railway becomes the first railroad to connect the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean as the first train travels the entire transcontinental route across Panama.

February events

 * February 15 – The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the Western North Carolina Railroad to build a rail line from Salisbury to the western part of the state.
 * February 23 – The Hudson and Boston Railroad is chartered as the successor to the Hudson and Berkshire Railroad in New York.

March events

 * March – The Chicago, St. Paul and Fond du Lac Railroad, whose purchase formed the basis of the Chicago & North Western, begins operations.

April events

 * April 5 – Opening of Boyne Viaduct at Drogheda by the Dublin and Belfast Junction Railway completes permanent through rail communication between the two principal cities of Ireland.

May events

 * May 15 – Great Gold Robbery from a train between London Bridge and Folkestone in England.

July events

 * July 21 – Beyer, Peacock & Company turn out the first locomotive to be completed at its new works in the Gorton district of Manchester, England, for the Great Western Railway.

September events

 * September 26 – In Australia the first section of the New South Wales Government Railways, from Sydney to Parramatta, is opened, on 4 ft gauge.

November events

 * November 1 – Gasconade Bridge train disaster, St Louis, Missouri, United States: With more than 600 passengers aboard the Pacific Railroad excursion train celebrating the railway line's opening, outside St. Louis, Missouri the bridge collapsed and the locomotive plus 12 of the 13 attached cars plunged into the Gasconade River. Over 30 people died and hundreds were seriously injured.
 * November 6 – Inverness and Nairn Railway opened in Scotland: precursor of the Highland Railway.
 * November 20 – The first train to operate in Iowa on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad departs Davenport for Muscatine with six crowded passenger cars.

December events

 * December – Rogers Locomotive & Machine Works completes a 4-4-0 steam locomotive named General; this locomotive will later become the main object in the Great Locomotive Chase of the American Civil War.

Unknown date events

 * The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad in North Carolina is reorganized as the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.

August births

 * August 20 – Ira G. Rawn, vice president of operations for Illinois Central Railroad 1907–1909; president of Monon Railroad 1909–1910 (d. 1910).

October births

 * October 24 – Richard Deeley, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Midland Railway 1909–1923 (d. 1944).

November births

 * November 5 – Eugene V. Debs, labor leader, founding member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, founder of the American Railway Union, arrested during the Pullman strike in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1926).

title: 1855 in rail transport


text:
John Bassett

John White Hughes Bassett,  (August 25, 1915 – April 27, 1998) was a Canadian media proprietor.

Born in Ottawa, Ontario, he was the son of John Bassett (1886–1958), publisher of the Montreal Gazette, and Marion Avery (née Wright).

Education
Bassett attended Ashbury College, Bishop's College School and graduated from Bishop's University with a BA in 1936.

Politics
After fighting with the Army in World War II, Bassett ran unsuccessfully for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, in the 1945 Canadian election in the riding of Sherbrooke, losing to Liberal incumbent, Maurice Gingues. He also ran in the 1962 election in the riding of Spadina losing to Liberal candidate Perry Ryan by less than 2,000 votes.

Publishing and broadcasting
He became a reporter for Toronto's The Globe and Mail newspaper after graduating from university. After World War II, he was hired by the Toronto Telegram as advertising director. His first experience in newspaper ownership was with the Sherbrooke Daily Record, which he bought from his father. In 1952, Bassett purchased part ownership of the Toronto Telegram. In 1960, he founded Telegram Corporation (later Baton Broadcasting) to run Toronto's first commercial television station, CFTO-TV. A few months later, he won the television rights to the Eastern Conference of the Canadian Football League. He needed a network in order to broadcast the games. The result was the Canadian Television Network, later to become CTV, with CFTO as the flagship station. Starting in the 1980s, Bassett began a drive to take over CTV by buying as many stations as possible. He succeeded in 1997, a year before his death.

Sports
From 1957 to 1974, Bassett was the owner of the Toronto Argonauts, a team in the Canadian Football League.

In 1957, he was named to the "Silver Seven," a committee that oversaw hockey operations for the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 1961, longtime Maple Leafs owner Conn Smythe sold most of his shares in Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. (which owned the Maple Leafs and Maple Leaf Gardens) to a partnership of his son Stafford, Toronto Marlboros president Harold Ballard and Bassett for $2.3 million. Smythe later claimed that he thought he was selling only to his son, but it is very unlikely that Stafford would have been able to raise the money on his own. Bassett became vice chairman of the Gardens' board of directors, ascending as chairman after Smythe resigned shortly after the Leaf’s won the Stanley Cup in 1962. Bassett's name appears on the Stanley Cup 4 times—in 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967.

In 1969, Ballard and Stafford Smythe were charged with tax evasion and accused of using Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. to pay for their personal expenses. Bassett persuaded the board to fire Smythe as president and Ballard as executive vice president. The board elected Bassett as the new president.

However, Bassett did not force Smythe and Ballard to sell their shares, and they both remained on the board. This was a serious strategic blunder on Bassett's part; Smythe was still the largest shareholder, and he and Ballard controlled almost half the shares between them. A year later, Ballard and Smythe staged a proxy war to win back control. Faced with an untenable situation, Bassett resigned and sold his shares to Smythe and Ballard.

Bassett's son, John F. Bassett, would follow in his father's path of becoming a professional sports owner; the younger Bassett was a part owner of the World Hockey Association's Ottawa Nationals, Toronto Toros and Birmingham Bulls; the World Football League's Memphis Southmen and the United States Football League's Tampa Bay Bandits.

Government
In 1989, he was appointed for a three-year term as chairman of the Security Intelligence Review Committee, an independent body that reports to the Parliament of Canada on the operations of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. Due to the requirements under the Official Secrets Act, Bassett was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.

Family
Bassett married fellow Bishop's University graduate Eleanor Moira Bradley of Sherbrooke on April 26, 1938, in the university's St. Mark's Chapel. They had three children: John, Doug, and David. After their divorce, Bassett married Isabel Bassett on July 17, 1967. They had three children (Avery, Sarah, and Matthew) and remained together until his death.

In the 1970s, his son John F. Bassett was the owner of the Toronto Toros, a hockey team in the World Hockey Association. Former tennis star Carling Bassett-Seguso is Bassett's granddaughter.

Honours

 * 1985 - Made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
 * 1988 - Appointed to the Order of Ontario.
 * 1989 - Appointed to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.
 * 1992 - Promoted to Companion of the Order of Canada.
 * 2000 - Inducted into the Canadian Broadcast Hall of Fame.
 * 2003 - Inducted into the Canadian Business Hall of Fame.

title: John Bassett


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Palácio da Luz

Palácio da Luz was the former head office of the government of Ceará state, Brazil. It was built at the end of the 18th century, with the help of indigenous labour, and it was acquired by the Imperial Government in 1814. It now is the headquarters of the Academia Cearense de Letras. It has a library of 15,000 books available for research.

Protected status
The Palácio da Luz was listed as a historic structure by the State of Ceará by directives dated July 30, 1968; November 30, 1983; and November 23, 1992.

title: Palácio da Luz