text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cecilier

Cecilier
Cecilier was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

The term Cecilier leaves no trace on the Net. I'm not sure it really exists. Can anybody confirm. And if it does exist, it doesn't have the potential to grow to a full article. Sander123 15:45, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Most hits seem to be in the Scandinavian languages, possibly as a form of the girls name Cecilia. Anyway, delete as a neologism, and before anyone asks, wiktionary doesn't want this crap. Dunc|☺ 15:56, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * "OMG, delete this!" [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 20:22, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Speedied once when the work of two anons, now a third anon has recreated it. See my comments in Votes for deletion/Ceciliantas, and expect more. Andrewa 20:27, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete as nonsense, otherwise as dicdef nn. Wyss 21:40, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsense. Jayjg 22:31, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's a reference to Ceciliantas and should be a redirect to the same, but doesn't warrant its own article. taion 00:43, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: You might like to read both the introduction to Votes for deletion and the whole of deletion policy a little more carefully. Delete and redirect are different and incompatible options. No change of vote. Andrewa 03:38, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Kingsley

Kingsley may refer to:

People

 * Kingsley (given name)
 * Kingsley (surname)

Australia

 * Kingsley, Western Australia

Canada

 * Rural Municipality of Kingsley No. 124, Saskatchewan

England

 * Kingsley, Cheshire
 * Kingsley, Hampshire
 * Kingsley, Northampton, a district of Northampton
 * Kingsley, Staffordshire

United States

 * Kingsley, Iowa
 * Kingsley, Kentucky
 * Kingsley, Michigan
 * Kingsley, Oregon
 * Kingsley, Pennsylvania
 * Kingsley Corners, Wisconsin
 * Kingsley Plantation, Florida
 * Kingsley Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania

Other uses

 * Kingsley College, Melbourne, Australia, a school of theology
 * Kingsley Hall, London, England
 * Kingsley (mascot), the mascot for Partick Thistle F.C.
 * The Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award
 * Perrey and Kingsley, pioneers in electronic music
 * Kingsley Royal, mascot for Reading F.C.
 * Kingsley Field, airport located in Southern Oregon
 * Kingsley's Adventure, video game

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kingsley


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Limon

Limon or limón, Spanish for "lemon", may refer to:

Places

 * Limón Province, Costa Rica
 * Limón (canton), a canton in the province
 * Limón or Puerto Limón, the capital city of both the canton and province
 * Roman Catholic Diocese of Limón, Costa Rica
 * Limon, Nièvre, a commune in the Nièvre department of France
 * Limón, Honduras, a municipality in the department of Colón
 * Limón, Panama, a subdistrict
 * Limon Bay, Panama
 * Río Limón, Panama, a river
 * Limon, Colorado, a Statutory Town in the United States
 * Limon Correctional Facility, Colorado, a correctional facility in the above city
 * Limón, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, a barrio
 * Limón, Utuado, Puerto Rico, a barrio
 * Limón River, Venezuela

People

 * Ada Limón (born 1976), American poet
 * Carlos Madrazo Limón (born 1952), Mexican politician
 * Donald Limon (1932–2012), British public servant, Clerk of the House of Commons from 1994 to 1997
 * Emilio Limón (born 1988), Surinamese footballer
 * Graciela Limón (born 1938), Latina novelist
 * Harvey Limón (born 1975), Surinamese footballer
 * Iyari Limon (born 1976), American actress
 * Javier Limón (born 1973), Spanish record producer, singer and songwriter
 * José Limón (1908–1972), Mexican-born American modern dancer and choreographer
 * María Limón, American Chicana writer, poet and activist
 * Marshall Limon (1915–1965), Canadian sprinter
 * Martin Limón (born 1948), American novelist
 * Michele Limon, Italian research associate and assistant professor of physics and astronomy
 * Monique Limon (born 1953), French politician
 * Monique Limón (born 1979), American politician
 * Mordechai Limon (1924–2009), fourth commander of the Israeli navy
 * Rafael Limón (born 1954), Mexican boxer
 * Richarte Limón, English explorer and conquistador, participated in the founding of Buenos Aires
 * Theodolinda Hahnsson (1838–1919), née Limón, Finnish writer and translator, first known female author to write in Finnish
 * Limon Staneci (1916–1991), journalist born in Yugoslavia

Other uses

 * Limón F.C., a football team in Puerto Limón, Costa Rica
 * MV Limon, a ferry scrapped in 2005

title: Limon


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Lincoln Heights

Lincoln Heights may refer to:

Places
In Canada:
 * Lincoln Heights (Ottawa), Ontario, a neighbourhood

In the United States:
 * Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles, California
 * Lincoln Heights (San Francisco), California, a hill
 * Lincoln Heights, Ohio, a village in Hamilton County
 * Lincoln Heights, Richland County, Ohio, a census-designated place
 * Lincoln Heights, Washington, D.C., a neighborhood

Other

 * Lincoln Heights (TV series), the ABC Family original series

title: Lincoln Heights


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Magna Carta Island

Magna Carta Island is an ait in the River Thames in England, on the reach above Bell Weir Lock. It is in Berkshire facing water-meadows forming Runnymede. Its civil and ecclesiastical parish is Wraysbury so it was transferred from Buckinghamshire to Berkshire in 1974.

History
The island is a contender for being the place where, in 1215, King John sealed Magna Carta. Whilst the charter itself indicates Runnymede by name, it is possible the island may have been considered part of Runnymede at the time. It is known that in 1217 the island was the meeting-place of Henry III and Louis (later Louis VIII) of France.

In the early 1920s it was owned by a stockbroker, J. F. MacGregor, and his wife, the music hall performer Maidie Scott. In August 2014 Forbes reported that the island would be sold by Sotheby's International Realty.

title: Magna Carta Island


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Madera

Madera is the Spanish word for lumber. It may also refer to:

Americas

 * Madera County, California, in the United States
 * Madera, California, the county seat of Madera County
 * Madera Peak, a mountain in Madera County
 * Madera Ranchos, California, an unincorporated community in Madera County
 * Madera AVA, a wine region partially located in Madera County
 * Madera, Chihuahua, in Mexico
 * La Madera, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico
 * La Madera, Sandoval County, New Mexico
 * Madera, Pennsylvania

Europe

 * Madera, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)
 * Madera, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
 * Madera, Pomeranian Voivodeship (north Poland)
 * Paterna del Madera, Albacete, Spain

Train stations

 * Madera station (Amtrak), a train station in Madera, California
 * Storey station, a closed train station referred by Amtrak as "Madera"
 * Madera station (California High-Speed Rail), a proposed train station
 * Madera station (Medellín), a metro station in Colombia

People with the surname

 * Kasia Madera, English journalist
 * Lupe Madera (1952–2005), Mexican boxer

title: Madera


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Manistee

Manistee may refer to:

Places

 * Manistee, Michigan
 * Manistee, Alabama
 * Manistee County, Michigan
 * Manistee County-Blacker Airport
 * Manistee Township, Michigan
 * Manistee National Forest, jointly administered as part of the Huron-Manistee National Forests in Michigan
 * Manistee River, Michigan
 * Manistee Light, at the mouth of the river
 * Manistee Railroad, Michigan

Ships

 * SS Manistee (1867), an American passenger-cargo steamer that disappeared on Lake Superior in 1883
 * SS Manistee (1920), a British banana carrier that was sunk in 1941
 * USS Manistee (YT-173) US Navy tugboat, built in 1941
 * USS Manistee (YTB-782) US Navy tugboat, built in 1965

title: Manistee


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McHenry

McHenry may refer to:

People

 * McHenry (name)

Places in the United States

 * McHenry, California, an unincorporated town
 * McHenry Mansion in Modesto, California
 * McHenry County, Illinois
 * McHenry, Illinois, a city in McHenry County
 * McHenry Dam, on the Fox River in Illinois
 * McHenry, Kentucky, a city
 * McHenry, Maryland
 * Fort McHenry, Baltimore County, Maryland
 * McHenry, Mississippi, an unincorporated community
 * McHenry County, North Dakota
 * McHenry, North Dakota, in Foster County
 * McHenry, Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * McHenry Township (disambiguation)

Other uses

 * Forward Operating Base McHenry in Hawija, Iraq
 * McHenry Library, University of California, Santa Cruz
 * McHenrys Peak, a mountain in Colorado

title: McHenry


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Norco

Norco may refer to:

Places

 * Norco, California, U.S.
 * Norco Hills, or La Sierra Heights, section of the Temescal Mountains
 * Norco, Louisiana, U.S.

Other uses

 * Norco Bicycles, a Canadian bicycle manufacturer
 * Norco Co-operative, an agricultural supply and marketing co-operative, New South Wales, Australia
 * Northern Co-operative Society (Norco), a defunct Aberdeen, Scotland co-operative society
 * Norco, a brand name for the fixed-dose combination opioid pain medication hydrocodone/paracetamol
 * NORCO (video game), a point-and-click video game set in a fictional version of Norco, Louisiana

title: Norco


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Norris

Norris or Noris may refer to:

In Canada

 * Norris, Ontario, in Algoma District

In the United Kingdom

 * Hampstead Norreys (or Norris), Berkshire

In the United States

 * Norris, Illinois
 * Norris, Mississippi
 * Norris, Missouri
 * Norris, Nebraska
 * Norris, South Carolina
 * Norris, Tennessee, named after George William Norris
 * Norris Dam, which forms Norris Lake, Tennessee
 * Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park
 * Norristown, Pennsylvania
 * Lake Norris, Florida

In Germany

 * Norisring, street circuit in Nuremberg

Companies

 * Norris Locomotive Works
 * Norisbank, a bank in Germany
 * T. Norris & Son, London, hand-tool makers

Buildings

 * Norris House, Palo Alto, California, U.S.
 * Norris-Heartt House, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.
 * Norris-Holland-Hare House, Holly Springs, North Carolina, U.S.

Other

 * Norris (given name)
 * Norris (surname)
 * List of storms named Norris, list of tropical cyclones assigned with the name Norris
 * Noris (pencil), a popular brand of Staedtler pencil

title: Norris


text:
Parkland

Parkland often refers to a park.

Parkland or Parklands may also refer to:

Geography

 * Aspen parkland, a biome transitional between prairie and boreal forest (taiga)
 * Landscaped parkland, a managed rural area associated with European country houses

Australia

 * Adelaide Park Lands, the figure eight of green space surrounding the Adelaide CBD and North Adelaide, and along both banks of the River Torrens within the City of Adelaide
 * Parklands, Western Australia
 * Parklands, Tasmania, a suburb of Burnie

Canada

 * Parkland, Calgary, Alberta, a neighborhood in the city of Calgary
 * Parkland County, a municipal district in Alberta, Canada
 * Sturgeon River—Parkland, a federal electoral district in Central Alberta
 * Parkland (electoral district), a federal electoral district in Central Alberta
 * Parkland Region, a region in Manitoba, Canada

United States

 * Parkland, Florida, a suburban city
 * Parkland, Illinois, an unincorporated community
 * Parkland, Louisville, Kentucky, a neighborhood
 * Parkland, Detroit, Michigan, a neighborhood
 * Parkland, Philadelphia, a section of Philadelphia which houses a majority of Philadelphia's public parks
 * Parkland, Washington
 * Parkland, Wisconsin, a town
 * Parkland (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Elsewhere

 * Parklands, Nairobi, Kenya; a suburb of Nairobi
 * Parklands, New Zealand, a suburb of Christchurch
 * Parklands, Cape Town, South Africa; a suburb of Cape Town
 * Parklands, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK; a district of the British city

Facilities and structures

 * Parklands Hotel, a hotel in Perth, Scotland, UK

Schools

 * Parkland College, Illinois, USA; a community college located in Champaign
 * Parkland College (Saskatchewan), Canada; a junior, regional, and community college with several campuses in northeastern Saskatchewan
 * Parklands College, Parklands, South Africa; a pre-primary through secondary private school
 * Parkland Middle School, Rockville, Maryland, USA
 * Parkland Secondary School, North Saanich, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

 * Parkland High School (disambiguation)

Medical facilities

 * Parkland Health & Hospital System, a hospital district in Dallas, Texas, USA
 * Parkland Medical Center, a hospital in Derry, New Hampshire, USA
 * Parkland Memorial Hospital, a public hospital in Dallas, Texas, USA

Groups, organizations, companies

 * Parkland Fuel, a Canadian fuel company based in Calgary, Alberta
 * Parkland Conference, Wisconsin, a defunct conference in the Wisconsin Interscholastic

Films

 * Parklands (film), a 1996 Australian film
 * Parkland (film), a 2013 American film about the aftermath of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
 * Song of Parkland, an HBO documentary film about the Parkland high school shooting

Other

 * Parkland formula, used in medicine
 * Parkland high school shooting, a 2018 mass shooting in Parkland, Florida

title: Parkland


text:
Thomas Cech

Thomas Robert Cech (born December 8, 1947) is an American chemist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Sidney Altman, for their discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA. Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA, suggesting that life might have started as RNA. He found that RNA can not only transmit instructions, but also that it can speed up the necessary reactions.

He also studied telomeres, and his lab discovered an enzyme, TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), which is part of the process of restoring telomeres after they are shortened during cell division.

As president of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, he promoted science education, and he teaches an undergraduate chemistry course at the University of Colorado.

Early life and career
Cech was born to parents of Czech origin (his grandfather was Czech, his other grandparents were first-generation Americans) in Chicago. He grew up in Iowa City, Iowa. In junior high school, he knocked on the doors of geology professors at the University of Iowa, and asked them to discuss crystal structures, meteorites and fossils.

A National Merit Scholar, Cech entered Grinnell College in 1966. There he studied Homer's Odyssey, Dante's Inferno, constitutional history and chemistry. He married his organic chemistry lab partner, Carol Lynn Martinson, and graduated with a B.A. in 1970.

In 1975, Cech completed his PhD in chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley and in the same year, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he engaged in postdoctoral research. In 1978, he obtained his first faculty position at the University of Colorado where he lectured undergraduate students in chemistry and biochemistry, and where he remains on the faculty, currently as distinguished professor in the department of biochemistry. In 2000, Cech succeeded Purnell Choppin as president of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Maryland. He also continued to head his biochemistry laboratory at the University of Colorado, Boulder. On April 1, 2008, Cech announced that he would step down as the president of HHMI, to return to teaching and research, in spring 2009. Returning to Boulder, Cech became the first executive director of the BioFrontiers Institute, a position he held until 2020. He also taught general chemistry to freshmen.

Cech is the author of a book The Catalyst: RNA and the Quest to Unlock Life’s Deepest Secrets, published in June 2024.

Research
Cech's main research area is that of the process of transcription in the nucleus of cells. He studies how the genetic code of DNA is transcribed into RNA. In the 1970s, Cech had been studying the splicing of RNA in the unicellular organism Tetrahymena thermophila when he discovered that an unprocessed RNA molecule could splice itself. In 1982, Cech became the first to show that RNA molecules are not restricted to being passive carriers of genetic information – they can have catalytic functions and can participate in cellular reactions. RNA-processing reactions and protein synthesis on ribosomes in particular are catalysed by RNA. RNA enzymes are known as ribozymes and have provided a new tool for gene technology. They also have the potential to provide new therapeutic agents – for example, they have the ability to destroy and cleave invading, viral RNAs.

Cech's second area of research is on telomeres, the structure that protects the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres are shortened with every duplication of DNA, and must be lengthened again. He studies telomerase, the enzyme that copies the telomeric sequences and lengthens them. The active site protein subunits of telomerase comprise a new class of reverse transcriptases, enzymes previously thought to be restricted to viruses and transposable elements. Telomerase is activated in 90% of human cancers. Therefore, a drug that would inhibit its activity could be useful in treating cancer.

Awards
Cech's work has been recognised by many awards and prizes including: lifetime professorship by the American Cancer Society (1987), the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University (1988), the Heineken Prize of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (1988), the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award (1988), the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1989, shared with Sidney Altman), the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1990 and the National Medal of Science (1995). In 1987, Cech was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences and in 1988 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Cech was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2001. In 2003, Cech gave the University of Colorado's George Gamow Memorial Lecture. In 2007, he received the Othmer Gold Medal for outstanding contributions to progress in chemistry and science.

title: Thomas Cech


text:
Porter Township

Porter Township may refer to:

Arkansas

 * Porter Township, Crawford County, Arkansas, in Crawford County, Arkansas

Indiana

 * Porter Township, Porter County, Indiana

Michigan

 * Porter Township, Cass County, Michigan
 * Porter Township, Midland County, Michigan
 * Porter Township, Van Buren County, Michigan

North Dakota

 * Porter Township, Dickey County, North Dakota

Ohio

 * Porter Township, Delaware County, Ohio
 * Porter Township, Scioto County, Ohio

Pennsylvania

 * Porter Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
 * Porter Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania
 * Porter Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
 * Porter Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania
 * Porter Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
 * Porter Township, Pike County, Pennsylvania
 * Porter Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania

title: Porter Township


text:
Ryan

Ryan  may refer to:

People and fictional characters

 * Ryan (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name)
 * Ryan (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)

Australia

 * Division of Ryan, an electoral district in the Australian House of Representatives, in Queensland
 * Ryan, New South Wales
 * Ryan, Queensland, a suburb of the City of Mount Isa

United States

 * Ryan, California
 * Ryan, former name of Lila C, California
 * Ryan, Iowa
 * Ryan, Minnesota
 * Ryan, Illinois
 * Ryan, Oklahoma
 * Ryan, Washington
 * Ryan, West Virginia
 * Ryan Park, Wyoming
 * Ryan Township, Pennsylvania

Film, radio, television and web

 * Ryan (film), an animated documentary
 * Ryan (TV series), 1970s Australian TV series
 * Von Ryan's Express, a 1965 World War II adventure film

Other uses

 * Loch Ryan, a sea loch in Scotland
 * Ryan M-1, an airplane
 * Ryan Aeronautical Company (Claude Ryan)
 * Ryanair (Tony Ryan)
 * Ryan Field (disambiguation)
 * Ryan International Airlines (Ron Ryan)
 * Ryan International School
 * Ryan LLC, a Dallas-based tax services and consulting firm
 * Ryan-Pitman Theory (Black Sea deluge theory)
 * Operation RYAN, a Soviet military intelligence operation which acronym stands for Raketno-YAdernoe Napadenie ("Nuclear Missile Attack")
 * Ryan, Kakao Friends characters

title: Ryan


text:
Tilden

Tilden may refer to:

Places
Canada
 * Tilden Lake, Ontario

United States
 * Fort Tilden, former U.S. Army installation in the New York City borough of Queens
 * Tilden, Illinois
 * Tilden, Indiana
 * Tilden, Missouri
 * Tilden, Nebraska
 * Tilden, Texas
 * Tilden, West Virginia
 * Tilden, Wisconsin, a town
 * Tilden (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Tilden Regional Park, Berkeley, California

Other uses

 * Tilden (surname), including a list of people with the surname
 * Tilden Middle School, in the Montgomery County Public Schools, Rockville, Maryland
 * Tilden Rent-a-Car, Canadian car rental company

title: Tilden


text:
Carolyn

Carolyn is a female given name, a variant of Caroline. Other spellings include Karolyn, Carolyne, Carolynn or Carolynne. Caroline itself is one of the feminine forms of Charles.

List of notable people

 * Carolyn Bennett (born 1950), Canadian politician
 * Carolyn Bertozzi (born 1966), American chemist and Nobel laureate
 * Carolyn Bertram (born 1976), Canadian politician
 * Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy (1966–1999), wife of John F. Kennedy, Jr.
 * Carolyn Beug (1952–2001), American filmmaker
 * Carolyn Bolivar-Getson (born 1964), Canadian politician
 * Carolyn Brown (choreographer) (born 1927), American dancer, choreographer, and writer
 * Carolyn Brown (newsreader), English newsreader
 * Carolyn Cassady (1923–2013), American writer and wife of Neal Cassady
 * C. J. Cherryh (Carolyn Janice Cherryh; born 1942), American science fiction and fantasy writer
 * Carolyn Chiechi (born 1943), judge of the United States Tax Court
 * Carolyn Cooper (born 1959), Jamaican author and literary scholar
 * Carolyn Davidson, several people
 * Carolyn Eaton (1964–1982), American murder victim
 * Carolyn Fe, Filipina singer and actress
 * Carolyn Forché (born 1950), American poet, editor, translator and human rights advocate
 * Carolyn Franklin (1944–1988), American singer and songwriter, sister of Aretha Franklin
 * Carolyn Gates, professor of veterinary science
 * Carolyn Gray, Canadian Playwright
 * Carolyn Harris (born 1960), British politician
 * Carolyn Lynnet Harris (1948–1994), American librarian
 * Carolyn Wilson Harris (1849–1910), American lichenologist
 * Carolyn Hart (born 1936), American mystery writer
 * Carolyn Hax (born 1966), American writer and advice columnist
 * Carolyn Hennesy (born 1962), American actress
 * Carolyn Price Horton (1909–2001), American bookbinder and conservator
 * Carolyn Hunt (born 1937), American educator, politician, and First Lady of North Carolina
 * Carolyn Dawn Johnson (born 1971), Canadian country music singer-songwriter
 * Carolyn Jones (1930–1983), American actress
 * Carolyn Jones (politician), Canadian politician
 * Carolyn Jones-Young (born 1969), American basketball player
 * Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick (born 1945), American politician
 * Carolyn Kizer (1925–2014), Pulitzer Prize-winning American poet
 * Carolyn Kreiter-Foronda (born 1946), American poet
 * Carolyn Lawrence (born 1967), American voice actress
 * Carolyn Leigh (1926–1983), American lyricist
 * Carolyn Ringer Lepre, American academic administrator
 * Carolyn Lynch (1946–2015), American philanthropist
 * Carolyn Mahoney (born 1946), American mathematician
 * Carolyn Maloney (born 1946), American politician
 * Carolyn Martin (born 1951), American academic, author and president of Amherst College
 * Carolyn McCarthy (born 1944), American politician
 * Carolyn McCormick (born 1959), American actress
 * Carolyn McCurdie, British-born New Zealand author
 * Carolyn D. Meadows (born 1938), American activist
 * Carolyn Merchant (born 1936), American ecofeminist
 * Carolyn Morris (1925–1996), pitcher in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
 * Carolyn Omine, American television writer and producer
 * Carolyn Miller Parr (born 1937), judge of the United States Tax Court
 * Carolyn Parrish (born 1946), Canadian politician
 * Carolyn Porco (born 1953), American planetary scientist
 * Carolyn Reidy (1949–2020), president and CEO of the American publishing company Simon & Schuster
 * Carolyn See (1934–2016), American author and reviewer
 * Carolyn Seymour (born 1947), English actress
 * Carolyn S. Shoemaker (1929–2021), American astronomer
 * Carolyn Stewart-Olsen (born 1946), Canadian politician
 * Carolyn Watkinson (born 1949), English mezzo-soprano singer
 * Carolyn D. Wright (1949–2016), American poet
 * Carolyn Yarnell (born 1961), American composer and visual artist

In fiction

 * Carolyn Barek, on the television series Law & Order: Criminal Intent
 * Carolyn Keene, pseudonym of the authors of the Nancy Drew and The Dana Girls mystery stories
 * Carolyn Stoddard, from the soap opera Dark Shadows
 * Princess Carolyn, from the adult animation series Bojack Horseman
 * Carolyn Trainer, a supervillain from Marvel Comics, also known as Lady Octopus

title: Carolyn


text:
Sherman Township

Sherman Township may refer to:

Arkansas

 * Sherman Township, Johnson County, Arkansas

Illinois

 * Sherman Township, Mason County, Illinois

Iowa

 * Sherman Township, Calhoun County, Iowa
 * Sherman Township, Hardin County, Iowa
 * Sherman Township, Jasper County, Iowa
 * Sherman Township, Kossuth County, Iowa
 * Sherman Township, Monona County, Iowa
 * Sherman Township, Montgomery County, Iowa
 * Sherman Township, Pocahontas County, Iowa
 * Sherman Township, Sioux County, Iowa, in Sioux County, Iowa
 * Sherman Township, Story County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Sherman Township, Clay County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Crawford County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Decatur County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Dickinson County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Ellsworth County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Grant County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Leavenworth County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Ottawa County, Kansas, in Ottawa County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Pottawatomie County, Kansas, in Pottawatomie County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Riley County, Kansas, in Riley County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Sedgwick County, Kansas
 * Sherman Township, Washington County, Kansas, in Washington County, Kansas

Michigan

 * Sherman Township, Gladwin County, Michigan
 * Sherman Township, Huron County, Michigan
 * Sherman Township, Iosco County, Michigan
 * Sherman Township, Isabella County, Michigan
 * Sherman Township, Keweenaw County, Michigan
 * Sherman Township, Mason County, Michigan
 * Sherman Township, Newaygo County, Michigan
 * Sherman Township, Osceola County, Michigan
 * Sherman Township, St. Joseph County, Michigan

Minnesota

 * Sherman Township, Redwood County, Minnesota

Missouri

 * Sherman Township, Cass County, Missouri
 * Sherman Township, Dallas County, Missouri
 * Sherman Township, DeKalb County, Missouri
 * Sherman Township, Harrison County, Missouri
 * Sherman Township, Putnam County, Missouri

Nebraska

 * Sherman Township, Antelope County, Nebraska
 * Sherman Township, Cuming County, Nebraska
 * Sherman Township, Gage County, Nebraska
 * Sherman Township, Kearney County, Nebraska
 * Sherman Township, Platte County, Nebraska

North Dakota

 * Sherman Township, Bottineau County, North Dakota

Ohio

 * Sherman Township, Huron County, Ohio

Oklahoma

 * Sherman Township, Kingfisher County, Oklahoma

South Dakota

 * Sherman Township, Brookings County, South Dakota
 * Sherman Township, Corson County, South Dakota
 * Sherman Township, Faulk County, South Dakota

title: Sherman Township


text:
User:Pischdi

Si tacuisses, philosophus mansisses

Please use my discussion page on de for details or contact.

de:Benutzer:Pischdi fr:Utilisateur:Pischdi sv:Användare:Pischdi

title: User:Pischdi


text:
Dizzy – The Ultimate Cartoon Adventure

Dizzy – The Ultimate Cartoon Adventure is an adventure-platform game, the first video game featuring the character Dizzy, an anthropomorphic egg. The game was designed by two British brothers, the Oliver Twins. Dizzy was published by Codemasters and was released in 1987.

Gameplay
The game is a platform adventure where Dizzy must search the fairy tale land of Katmandu for a Leprechaun's Wig, a Cloud's Silver Lining, a Vampire Dux Feather, and a Troll Brew and deposit them in a cauldron to make a potion to defeat the evil wizard Zaks. The gameplay involves collecting items and moving to other locations where the item is required; for example, at one point a raincoat is needed to protect against damaging rain. This is made more difficult because only one item can be carried at any given time. The game includes several lines from J. Milton Hayes' poem The Green Eye of the Yellow God on banners in certain screens, where they serve as clues on how to solve some puzzles.

Unlike later games in the series, which focus more on the inventory-based puzzles, this game features a very large number of hazards that kill the player on contact. With only three lives initially to complete the game, this made the game challenging to complete.

Development
The Oliver Twins said in an interview, on the British television show When Games Attack, that the character Dizzy was originally not supposed to be an egg at all but just a face with hands and feet. They then said they accepted everyone thought he was an egg and decided to go with that. They also said they used to plan out levels on the back of spare rolls of wallpaper.

Dizzy gets his name from the character's tumbles and somersaults while jumping, a feature inspired by the Oliver Twins' graphics software Panda Sprites which enabled them to rotate an image easily so each frame did not have to be manually drawn. The software distorted complex sprites so the character was required to be simple, hence the choice of an egg.

Reception
In 2017, the game was placed on Eurogamer's "10 games that defined the ZX Spectrum" list.

title: Dizzy – The Ultimate Cartoon Adventure


text:
Junior Johnson

Robert Glenn Johnson Jr.  (June 28, 1931 – December 20, 2019), better known as Junior Johnson, was an American professional stock car racing driver, engineer, and team owner as well as an entrepreneur. He won 50 NASCAR races in his career before retiring in 1966. In the 1970s and 1980s, he became a NASCAR racing team owner, winning the NASCAR championship with Cale Yarborough and Darrell Waltrip. He is credited as the first to use the drafting technique in stock car racing. He was nicknamed "The Last American Hero," and his autobiography and movie based on his upbringing is of the same name. In May 2007, Johnson teamed with Piedmont Distillers of Madison, North Carolina, to introduce the company's second moonshine product, called "Midnight Moon Moonshine", a nod to the days of his early youth in the 1940s when he made a living as a moonshiner/moonrunner and bootlegger.

Early life and race career
Johnson was born in Ronda, North Carolina, the fourth of seven children of Lora Belle (Money) and Robert Glenn Johnson, Sr. His family is of Ulster Scots descent, and settled in the foothills of North Carolina in the eighteenth century. The Johnson family was involved in the whiskey business before he was born. His maternal great-grandfather served as the second-highest-ranking Confederate general in North Carolina.

His father, a lifelong bootlegger, spent nearly twenty of his sixty-three years in prison, as their house was frequently raided by revenue agents. Junior was arrested and spent one year in prison in Ohio in 1956-57 for having an illegal still, although he was never caught in his many years of transporting bootleg liquor at high speed.

In 1955, Johnson began his career as a NASCAR driver. In his first full season, he won five races and finished sixth in the 1955 NASCAR Grand National points standings.

In 1958, Johnson won six races.

In 1959, Johnson won five more NASCAR Grand National races (including a win from the pole position at the 1959 Hickory 250); by this time he was regarded as one of the best short-track racers in the sport.

His first win at a "superspeedway" came at the Daytona 500 in 1960. Johnson and his crew chief, Ray Fox, were practicing for the race, trying to figure out how to increase their speed, which was 22 mph slower than that of the top cars in the race. During a test run, a faster car passed Johnson. He noticed that, when he moved behind that car, his own car's speed increased because of the faster car's slipstream. Johnson was then able to stay close behind the other car until the final lap of the test run, when he used the "slipstream" effect to slingshot past it. By using this technique, Johnson went on to win the 1960 Daytona 500, despite that his car was slower than others in the field. Johnson's technique was quickly adopted by other drivers, and his practice of "drafting" has become a common tactic in NASCAR races.

In 1963, he had a two-lap lead in the World 600 at Charlotte before a spectator threw a bottle onto the track and caused a crash; Johnson suffered only minor injuries. Johnson also tried but failed to qualify for the 1963 Indianapolis 500.

He retired as a driver in 1966. In his career, Johnson claimed 50 victories, 11 at major speedway races. He retired as the winningest driver never to have a championship.

Johnson was a master of dirt track racing. "The two best drivers I've ever competed against on dirt are Junior Johnson and Dick Hutcherson," said two-time NASCAR champion Ned Jarrett.

Career as a NASCAR owner
As a team owner, he worked with many NASCAR drivers, including Darel Dieringer, LeeRoy Yarbrough, Cale Yarborough, Bobby Allison, Darrell Waltrip, Neil Bonnett, Terry Labonte, Geoffrey Bodine, Sterling Marlin, Jimmy Spencer and Bill Elliott. In all, his drivers won 132 races, which is fifth to Petty Enterprises, Hendrick Motorsports, Joe Gibbs Racing and Roush Fenway Racing on the all-time list. His drivers won six Winston Cup Championships — three with Yarborough (1976–1978) and Waltrip (1981–82, 1985).

In 2011, Johnson announced that he would restart a race team with son Robert as the driver. Junior Johnson Racing will be located in Hamptonville, North Carolina. Robert, the 2010 UARA Rookie of the Year, planned to run a 28–30 race schedule in 2011, which includes the entire K&N East Series schedule and some races in the UARA and Whelen All-American Series.

Awards

 * He was named one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers in 1998.
 * He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1991.
 * Johnson joined Michael Jordan, Dale Earnhardt Jr. and Richard Petty by having a stretch of highway named in his honor in 2004. His daughter Meredith sang the national anthem at the dedication of the highway. An 8.5 mi stretch of U.S. Highway 421 from the Yadkin and Wilkes county line to the Windy Gap exit is named Junior Johnson Highway.
 * He was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 23, 2010.
 * He was named one of NASCAR's 75 Greatest Drivers (2023)

Family
Johnson was briefly married in 1949 to Mary Gray. His marriage to childhood sweetheart Flossie Clark (1929–2020) ended in divorce in 1992; they were legally married in 1975, although they had been together since the early 1950s. (Racing Legends have them as married in 1958). His marriage to Lisa Day (b.1965) in 1992 resulted in two children: daughter Meredith Suzanne (b.1995) and son Robert Glenn Johnson III (b.1993), both of whom attended Duke University. Johnson built a new home for his family in 1997, ultimately selling in 2012 because of poor health. He resided in Charlotte, North Carolina, at the time of his death in 2019. Until Flossie's death on April 9, 2020, she still resided in the family home, built by Junior in 1964 (next to Johnson's old Ingle Hollow race shop), which she kept as part of the divorce settlement.

Presidential pardon
On December 26, 1986, President Ronald Reagan granted Johnson a presidential pardon for his 1956 moonshining conviction. In response to the pardon, which restored his right to vote, Johnson said, "I could not have imagined anything better."

Film
In the mid-1960s, writer Tom Wolfe researched and wrote an article about Johnson, published in March 1965 in Esquire, and reprinted in Wolfe's The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine Flake Streamline Baby. This was eventually reprinted in The Best American Sports Writing of the Century, ed. David Halberstam (1999). The article, originally entitled "Great Balls of Fire", turned Johnson into a national celebrity and led to fame beyond the circle of NASCAR fans. In turn, the article was made into a 1973 movie based on Johnson's career as a driver and moonshiner, The Last American Hero (a.k.a. Hard Driver). Jeff Bridges starred as a fictionalized Johnson, and Johnson himself served as technical advisor for the film. The movie was critically acclaimed and featured the Jim Croce hit song "I Got A Name".

Follow Your Dreams Productions' President and CEO, Fred Griffith, has signed a rights deal for a true-life story movie about Junior Johnson (Sports Illustrated Vault, 2006). Griffith, an American actor and producer from South Carolina, is currently adapting a screenplay based largely on the book, Junior Johnson, Brave In Life, written by Tom Higgins and Steve Waid (Big West Racing, 2006). Veteran actor and producer Chris Mulkey is a writing producer for the film. According to Griffith, this film—unlike The Last American Hero, which was about a fictionalized version of Johnson named Junior "Jackson"—will remain true to the real life of Junior Johnson.(Morris 2006, p. C-1) Johnson had a voice role in the animated film Cars 3, as Junior "Midnight" Moon, a reference to his Moonshine Company.

Midnight Moon
In May 2007, Johnson teamed with Piedmont Distillers to introduce the company's second moonshine product, called Midnight Moon. Johnson became part-owner of Piedmont Distillers, the only legal distiller in North Carolina at the time. Piedmont Distillers is located in Madison, N.C., in the town’s former train station built in 1915. The moonshine is made in small batches in a copper still, authentic to the Johnson family tradition of making moonshine.

Death
Johnson died at a hospice care facility in Charlotte on December 20, 2019, at age 88. He had Alzheimer's disease at the time.

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

title: Junior Johnson


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Kokeshi

Kokeshi (こけし, 小芥子) are simple wooden Japanese dolls with no arms or legs that have been crafted for more than 150 years as a toy for children. Originally from the Tohoku region in northern Honshu, kokeshi are handmade from wood, having a simple trunk and head with a few thin, painted lines to define the face. The body often has floral and/or ring designs painted in red, black, and sometimes green, purple, blue, or yellow inks, and covered with a layer of wax. One characteristic of kokeshi dolls is their lack of arms or legs. Since the 1950s, kokeshi makers have signed their work, usually on the bottom and sometimes on the back.

History and etymology
The origin and naming of kokeshi is unclear, with historical ateji spellings including 小芥子, 木牌子, 木形子, and 木芥子. The hiragana spelling こけし was agreed on at the All-Japan Kokeshi Exhibition (全国こけし大会) at Naruko Onsen in August 1939.

A popular theory suggests that kokeshi may be fetish substitutes for unwanted babies killed after birth and the characters can be understood as 子消し (made up of child (子) and erasing, extinguishing (消し). While infanticide was commonly practiced in Japan until the 20th century, there is little if any evidence to support the theory that kokeshi have anything to do with the practice, with the earliest references in literature dating only from 1965.  The word kokeshi itself is originally of the Sendai dialect, with the dolls being known as, for example, deko, kideko, dekoroko; in Fukushima as kibako, kihohoko; in Miyagi as obokko; and in Naruko as hangyo and kiningyō, none of which supports the theory.

Kokeshi were first produced by kijishi (木地師), artisans proficient with a lathe, at the Shinchi Shuraku, near the Tōgatta Onsen in Zaō from where kokeshi-making techniques spread to other spa areas in the Tōhoku region. It is said that these dolls were originally made during the middle of the Edo period (1600–1868) to be sold to people who were visiting the hot springs in the north-east of the country.

One of the earliest doll-focused associations in Japan was the Sendai Kokeshi Association (Sendai Kokeshi-kai) established in 1923 by Mihara Ryōkichi (三原良吉) and Amae Tomiya. The two released a 1928 book about kokeshi, Kokeshi Hōko no Hanashi, which introduced the local tradition to the entire Japan. Mihara continued his work as a journalist and folklorist to his death in 1982, being responsible for popularization of kokeshi and other elements of Sendai folklore.

Types
"Traditional" kokeshi (伝統こけし) dolls' shapes and patterns are particular to a certain area and are classified under eleven types, shown below. The most dominant type is the Naruko variety originally made in Miyagi Prefecture, which can also be found in Akita, Iwate, and Yamagata Prefectures. The main street of the Naruko Onsen Village is known as Kokeshi Street and has shops which are operated directly by the kokeshi carvers.

"Creative" kokeshi (新型こけし) allow the artist complete freedom in terms of shape, design and color and were developed after World War II (1945). They are not particular to a specific region of Japan and generally creative kokeshi artists are found in cities.

The woods used for kokeshi vary, with cherry used for its darkness and dogwood for its softer qualities. Itaya-kaede, a Japanese maple, is also used in the creation of both traditional and creative dolls. The wood is left outdoors to season for one to five years before it can be used.

Traditional types
Traditional types often correspond to a single or multiple onsen located within the Tōhoku region.
 * Tsuchiyu (土湯系): Tsuchiyu Onsen (Fukushima), Iizaka Onsen (Fukushima), Dake Onsen (Nihonmatsu)
 * Yajirō (弥治郎系): Yajirō (Shiroishi)
 * Tōgatta (遠刈田系): Tōgatta Onsen (Zaō)
 * Naruko (鳴子系): Naruko Onsen (Ōsaki)
 * Sakunami (作並系) or Yamagata-Sakunami (山形作並系): Sendai (incl. Sakunami Onsen), Yamagata, Yonezawa, Sagae, Tendō
 * Zaō Takayu (蔵王高湯系): Zaō Onsen (Yamagata)
 * Hijiori (肘折系): Hijiori Onsen (Ōkura)
 * Kijiyama (木地山系): Kijiyama (Yuzawa)
 * Nambu (南部系): Morioka, Hanamaki Onsen (Hanamaki)
 * Tsugaru (津軽系) or Nuruyu (温湯系): Nuruyu Onsen (Kuroishi), Ōwani Onsen (Ōwani)

Exhibitions and competitions
Traditionally, the National Kokeshi Exhibition and Competition in Shiroishi-Zao is held every year, and in 2022 it took place for the 64th time. In 2015, the event organized for the 57th time was attended for the first time by a master kokeshi maker of non-Japanese nationality, in the person of the Hungarian Réka Tóth-Vásárhelyi. In 2016, she won the main prize in the creative category with his work Dress-up Kokeshi - With a Wardrobe.

In 2022, the Creative Kokeshi Exhibition in Shibukawa was held for the 28th time. Creative Kokeshi Competition is held regularly in Tokyo, Japan.

In popular culture
Kokeshi dolls have been used as an inspiration for the style of Nintendo's digital avatars, called "Miis", which are created and customized by players. Their appearance has become the symbol of the platform's overall aesthetic.

Inspiration for the Momiji Doll originates from the kokeshi doll.

Japanese professional wrestler Tomoaki Honma is nicknamed "Everybody's Kokeshi" (みんなのこけし) after his finishing move "Kokeshi", a diving headbutt where Honma seems to fall lifelessly on his opponent.

Miss Grand Japan 2020, Ruri Saji, wore a kokeshi doll-inspired costume which also transforms into an anime robot, showcasing Japan's technological advancement in the robotics field. It has won the Best in National Costume title at the Miss Grand International 2020 held in Bangkok, Thailand.

title: Kokeshi


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Silverdale

Silverdale may refer to:

Place names

 * Australia
 * Silverdale, New South Wales
 * Silverdale, Queensland
 * Canada
 * Silverdale, British Columbia
 * India
 * Silverdale, Coonoor
 * New Zealand
 * Silverdale, Auckland
 * Silverdale, Hamilton
 * United Kingdom
 * Silverdale, Lancashire
 * Silverdale, Nottingham
 * Silverdale, North Yorkshire, a dale
 * Silverdale, Staffordshire
 * United States
 * Silverdale, Indiana
 * Silverdale, Kansas
 * Silverdale Township, Cowley County, Kansas
 * Silverdale, Minnesota
 * Silverdale, Pennsylvania
 * Silverdale, Washington

Other

 * Silverdale (limestone), commercial building and sculpture stone quarried from the Fort Riley Limestone, Kansas, USA
 * Silverdale Formation, a Miocene geologic unit in North Carolina, USA
 * Silverdale Detention Center, Tennessee, USA
 * Silverdale School, Sheffield, United Kingdom

title: Silverdale


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Warm Springs

Warm Springs may refer to:

 * Warm Springs Apache, a subdivision of the Chiricahua Apache
 * Warm Springs, California, in Riverside County
 * Warm Springs, Fremont, California
 * Warm Springs Elementary School, elementary school in Fremont, California
 * Warm Springs/South Fremont station, a Bay Area Rapid Transit station in Fremont, California
 * Warm Springs, Georgia, location of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Little White House
 * Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation.
 * Warm Springs (film), a 2005 movie about Roosevelt's struggle with paralytic illness
 * Warm Springs, Montana
 * Warm Springs, Nevada
 * Warm Springs Natural Area
 * Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon
 * Warm Springs, Oregon, located on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation
 * Warm Springs bands, common contemporary name of the Tenino people
 * Warm Springs (Utah), at Warm Springs Mountain, east Goshen Valley, Utah
 * Warm Springs, Virginia
 * An early alternative name for Berkeley Springs, West Virginia
 * Warm Mineral Springs, Florida

title: Warm Springs


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Waterford Township

Waterford Township may refer to the following places:

 * Waterford Township, Fulton County, Illinois
 * Waterford Township, Clay County, Iowa
 * Waterford Township, Clinton County, Iowa
 * Waterford Township, Oakland County, Michigan
 * Waterford Township, Dakota County, Minnesota
 * Waterford Township, Camden County, New Jersey
 * Waterford Township, Ward County, North Dakota
 * Waterford Township, Washington County, Ohio
 * Waterford Township, Pennsylvania

 * See also:

 * Waterford (disambiguation)

title: Waterford Township


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Woolwich Township

Woolwich Township may refer to the following places:

 * In Canada:
 * Woolwich, Ontario (Woolwich Township, Regional Municipality of Waterloo)

 * In the United States:
 * Woolwich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey

 * See also:

 * Woolwich (disambiguation)

title: Woolwich Township


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Beecher (band)

Beecher were a British mathcore band from Manchester. Formed in 2001 by Daniel Plant (guitars), Ed Godby (vocals), Mark Lyons (guitars), Will Shaw (drums) and David Hopkinson (bass), they played a mix of metalcore, noise rock and progressive metal.

History
They toured the UK and Europe with Killswitch Engage, Norma Jean and Darkest Hour. The original intent was for the band to be a doom metal experiment, but the recruitment of vocalist Charles Edward Godby, and guitarist Mark Lyons, made a full band line-up.

After the recording of a five-track demo CD, the band released the Resention Is a Big Word in a Small Town EP for Nottingham-based In at the Deep End Records in 2002. This was followed by the album Breaking The Fourth Wall in 2003 on Calculated Risk Records. Soon after this release, Daniel Plant left the band, temporarily being replaced by Niall Wright of D-Rail but was eventually replaced by Daniel Shaw. Will Shaw left the band later, with Daniel Jones eventually being chosen as his replacement. After much critical acclaim, and a lot of touring, the band signed with Earache Records in 2004. Earache re-released Breaking The Fourth Wall in 2005 with six bonus tracks. 2005 also saw the release of Beecher's second full-length album This Elegy, His Autopsy. This album, as well as being released as a standard CD, was also released as a limited edition vinyl box-set (limited to 1000 copies).

The band's breakup was announced in January 2006, and the final show was at the Star and Garter in Manchester on 2 February 2006, playing alongside Narcosis and D-Rail. Beecher played two sets: one with their original drummer made up of earlier songs (including a rare airing of "The Only One I Know"), and one with his replacement where This Elegy, His Autopsy was performed in full. David Hopkinson and Ed Godby played in The Freezing Fog. Godby later emigrated to Belgium where he formed the bands Castles and Supergenius. Daniel Shaw currently plays in Wode and his new band Aggressive Perfector.

The band briefly reformed during December 2010-June 2011, for a one-off ten-year anniversary show at Manchester's Moho Live with support from Trojan Horse and Nasdaq. Two more shows were announced for Leeds and London. However, after they finished the planned shows in late June 2011 they announced they were no plans to make the reunion permanent.

Discography

 * Split 7-inch w/The Leif Ericsson, 7-inch EP, 2002, In At The Deep End Records.
 * Resention Is a Big Word in a Small Town, CD EP, 2002, In At The Deep End Records.
 * Breaking The Fourth Wall, CD album, 2003, Calculated Risk Records; re-released by Earache Records, 2005, MOSH 307.
 * This Elegy, His Autopsy, CD album, 2005, Earache Records, MOSH 319; also released on vinyl as a box set.

title: Beecher (band)


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User talk:Spirospero

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 15:55, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Spirospero


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Category talk:News

I've created this new category to incorporate newsworthy items into a categorised system. The idea being: The idea is to collect together news items that may not be covered in other sections (sports, conflicts, etc). An example would be Rumaisa Rahman, the smallest baby ever born, who was in the news from the 20th of December for that simple fact. Not wanting to cast doubt on her future achievements but what are the possibilities that that article will be linked to from many others? And the only suitable category at present is Category:2004 births.
 * News from just one day/month is included in the month category (ie. Category:December 2004 news)
 * News items from more than one month are included in the year category (ie. Category:2004 news)
 * News items from more than one year are included in the decade category (ie. Category:2000s news)

Any feedback on this? Is it a worthwhile idea or a little pointless? violet/riga (t) 11:50, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Births and deaths
Should the birth and deaths categories (eg. Category:2004 births and Category:2004 deaths) be subcategories of the news categories or just linked to them? violet/riga (t) 16:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

My first thoughts on seeing this category would be that it would contain articles like New York Times or headline. Is there a better name for this category, so that it doesn't get confused with Category:Journalism? Best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 21:34, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * I would see Category:Journalism as a subset of Category:News. Perhaps just adding the latter to the former would satisfy that? violet/riga (t) 23:32, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, that would be a good solution. Incidentally, I think the category itself is a good idea; it would be very interesting for researchers or those who browse. Let me know if I can help. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 19:03, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

Cfd 5 Sep 2005
No consensus, no change, see archived discussion for details. ∞ Who ? ¿ ? 21:15, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:News


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Ein Herz, ein Sinn!

''' Ein Herz, ein Sinn! ''' (One Heart, one Mind!), opus 323 is a polka-mazurka composed by Johann Strauss II in 1868 belonging to a period of creativity of the composer. Strauss dedicated this piece to 'the Committee of the Citizen's Ball' which was held at the Imperial Redoutensaal on 11 February 1868 where on occasion he had earlier also dedicated his waltz Bürgersinn (op. 295).

Its themes have been selected as material for the operetta Wiener Blut (1899) of which Strauss himself did not compose any new music, instead relying on Adolf Müller Jr. to arrange from Strauss' previous compositions.

Strauss' tranquil polka-mazurka begins in C major with a Trio section in F major. Throughout the piece, the mood is generally happy although these are never outright cheerful nor triumphant and the finale is a gentle affirmation of these. The polka-mazurka has often been transcribed for piano solos.

title: Ein Herz, ein Sinn!


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Multistability

In a dynamical system, multistability is the property of having multiple stable equilibrium points in the vector space spanned by the states in the system. By mathematical necessity, there must also be unstable equilibrium points between the stable points. Points that are stable in some dimensions and unstable in others are termed unstable, as is the case with the first three Lagrangian points.

Bistability
Bistability is the special case with two stable equilibrium points. It is the simplest form of multistability, and can occur in systems with only one state variable, as it only takes a one-dimensional space to separate two points.

Initial instability
Near an unstable equilibrium, any system will be sensitive to noise, initial conditions and system parameters, which can cause it to develop in one of multiple divergent directions. In economics and social sciences, path dependence gives rise to divergent directions of development. Some path dependent processes are adequately described by multistability, by being initially sensitive to input, before reaching a stagnant state – for example market share instability, which can develop into a stable monopoly for one of multiple possible vendors.

title: Multistability


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Edgefield

Edgefield may refer to:

 * Edgefield, Norfolk, United Kingdom

In the United States:
 * Edgefield, Louisiana
 * Edgefield, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Multnomah County Poor Farm, Troutdale, Oregon, operated as a lodging and entertainment complex under the name McMenamins Edgefield
 * Edgefield, South Carolina
 * Edgefield County, South Carolina
 * Edgefield (Renick, West Virginia), a historic house and farm complex

title: Edgefield


text:
Edmore

Edmore may refer to a location in the United States:

 * Edmore, Michigan
 * Edmore, North Dakota

title: Edmore


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Edna

Edna or EDNA may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Edna, California, a census-designated place
 * Edna, Iowa, an unincorporated town in Lyon County
 * Edna Township, Cass County, Iowa
 * Edna, Kansas, a city
 * Edna, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
 * Edna, Texas, a city
 * Edna High School
 * Edna, Washington, an unincorporated community
 * Edna, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Edna Lake, Idaho
 * Edna Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota
 * Edna Township, Barnes County, North Dakota

Arts and entertainment

 * Edna (album), a 2020 album by Headie One
 * Edna, the Inebriate Woman, a 1971 television drama

People

 * Edna (given name), a list of people and characters so named

Science and technology

 * 445 Edna, an asteroid
 * Environmental DNA (eDNA), DNA isolated from natural settings for the purpose of screening for the presence/absence of certain species
 * ExtracellularDNA (eDNA)
 * Ethylenedinitramine, an explosive
 * Electronic Declarations for National Authorities (EDNA), a software developed by OPCW for national authorities

title: Edna


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Eileen

Eileen ( or  ) is an Irish feminine given name anglicised from Eibhlín, an Irish form of the Norman French name Aveline, which is derived from the Germanic Avi, possibly meaning desire in combination with the diminutive suffix el and -in.. It is related to the English name Evelyn and the variant name Aileen. The name Eileen has been featured in classic Irish songs.

It may refer to:

Artists

 * Eileen Agar (1899–1991), British Surrealist painter and photographer
 * Eileen Andjelkovitch (1896–1941), British violinist
 * Eileen Fisher (born 1951), clothing retailer and designer
 * Eileen Folson (1956–2007), Broadway composer
 * Eileen Ford (1922–2014), American model agency executive
 * Eileen Gray (1878–1976), Irish furniture designer and architect
 * Eileen Hazell (1903–1984), Canadian sculptor and potter
 * Eileen Ramsay (1915–2017), British maritime photographer
 * Eileen Shields (born 1970), American footwear designer and entrepreneur

Entertainers

 * Eileen (singer) (born 1941), American-born singer in France
 * Eileen Atkins (born 1934), English actress
 * Eileen Barton (1924–2006), American singer
 * Eileen Bellomo, member of rock group The Stilettos
 * Eileen April Boylan (born 1987), Filipina/Irish-American actress
 * Eileen Brennan (1932–2013), American actress
 * Eileen Catterson, Scottish fashion model and former Miss Scotland
 * Eileen Daly (born 1963), English actress, singer and director
 * Eileen Davidson (born 1959), American film actress
 * Eileen Derbyshire (born 1930), English character actress
 * Eileen DeSandre, American actress
 * Eileen Essell (1922–2015), Irish actress
 * Eileen Farrell (1920–2002), American opera and concert singer
 * Eileen Fulton (born 1933), American actress
 * Eileen Heckart (1919–2001), American actress
 * Eileen Helsby (born 1937), British actress
 * Eileen Herlie (1918–2008), Scottish-American actress
 * Eileen Ivers (born 1965), Irish-American musician
 * Eileen Joyce (1908–1991), Australian pianist
 * Eileen McCallum (born 1936), Scottish actress
 * Eileen O'Brien (actress), English actress
 * Eileen Pollock (1947–2020), Northern Ireland actress
 * Eileen Rodgers (1930–2003), American singer and Broadway performer
 * Eileen Rose (born 1965), American singer/songwriter
 * Eileen Ryan (1927–2022), American actress
 * Eileen Sedgwick (1898–1991), American silent film actress
 * Eileen Walsh (born 1977), Irish actress
 * Eileen Way (1911–1994), English actress
 * Eileen Whitfield, Canadian journalist and playwright
 * Eileen Wilson (1923–2018), American television star
 * Eileen Yeow (born 1972), Singaporean actress

Politicians

 * Eileen Anderson (1928–2021), Hawaii politician
 * Eileen Bell (born 1943), Northern Ireland politician
 * Eileen Desmond (1932–2005), British politician
 * Eileen C. Dugan (1945–1996), New York politician
 * Eileen Gordon (born 1946), United Kingdom politician
 * Eileen Hickey (New York politician) (1945–1999), New York politician
 * Eileen M. Hickey (1886–1960), Northern Irish politician
 * Eileen Lemass (born 1932), Irish politician
 * Eileen Malloy (born 1954), US ambassador
 * Eileen Paisley, Baroness Paisley of St George's (born 1931), Northern Irish politician
 * Eileen Parsons, British Virgin Islands politician

Sportspeople

 * Eileen Ash (1911–2021), English cricketer
 * Eileen Coparropa (born 1981), freestyle swimmer from Panama
 * Eileen Ellison (1910–1967), English Grand Prix racer
 * Eileen Gleeson (born 1972), Irish football manager
 * Eileen Gu (born 2003), Chinese freestyle skier
 * Eileen Hiscock (1909–1958), British athlete
 * Eileen McNamara (born 1952), equestrian
 * Eileen O'Keeffe (born 1981), Irish hammer thrower
 * Eileen Bennett Whittingstall (1907–1979), UK tennis player

Writers

 * Eileen Albrizio (born 1960), American writer
 * Eileen Chang (1920–1995), Chinese writer
 * Eileen Dunne (born 1958), Irish newsreader
 * Eileen Gunn (born 1945), American science fiction writer and editor
 * Eileen Kernaghan (born 1939), Canadian novelist
 * Eileen McNamara (born 1952), American columnist and professor
 * Eileen Myles (born 1949), American poet
 * Eileen Pollock (writer) (1926–2012), American television screenwriter and producer
 * Eileen Power (1889–1940), British economic historian and medievalist
 * Eileen Tabios (born 1960), Filipino-American writer and artist
 * Eileen Wilks (born 1952), American fiction writer

Other

 * Eileen Barker (born 1938), UK professor
 * Eileen Caddy (1917–2006), founder of the Findhorn Foundation community
 * Eileen Collins (born 1956), American astronaut
 * Eileen de Coppet, Princess of Albania (1922–1985)
 * Eileen Rockefeller Growald (born 1952), daughter of David Rockefeller
 * Eileen McKenney (1911–1972), wife of American writer Nathanael West
 * Eileen Nearne (1921–2010), member of UK Special Operations Executive (SOE)
 * Eileen Costello O'Shaughnessy (died 1947), Irish murder victim
 * Eileen O'Shaughnessy (1905–1945), wife of British writer George Orwell
 * Eileen Saxon (1942–1945), infant known as "The Blue Baby"
 * Eileen Southern (1920–2002), African-American musicologist
 * Eileen Tallman Sufrin (1913–1999), Canadian author and labour activist
 * Eileen Vidal (died 2003), kelper telephone and radio operator

Characters

 * Eileen Shallot, character in the novella The Dream Master
 * Birthday Girl: Eileen
 * Eileen the Crow, from the 2015 video game Bloodborne
 * Eileen Prince, mother of Severus Snape from the Harry Potter book series
 * Eileen, from the cartoon Regular Show
 * Eileen Galvin, from the horror video game Silent Hill 4
 * Eileen Grimshaw from Coronation Street
 * Eileen, a fairy in the charmed ridge level from Spyro: Year of the Dragon
 * Eileen, a character from Tyler Perry's 2013 film A Madea Christmas
 * Eileen (Virtua Fighter), a character in the game Virtua Fighter 5

Media

 * Eileen (film), a 2023 psychological thriller
 * Eileen (novel), a 2015 novel

title: Eileen


text:
User talk:Alexander Maier~enwiki

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title: User talk:Alexander Maier~enwiki


text:
Eldred

Eldred may refer to:

United States settlements

 * Eldred, Illinois
 * Eldred, Kansas
 * Eldred, Minnesota
 * Eldred, New York
 * Eldred, Pennsylvania
 * Eldred Township (disambiguation)

Geographical features

 * Eldred Glacier, King George Island east of Potts Peak, South Shetland Islands
 * Eldred Point, ice-covered point on the coast of Marie Byrd Land
 * Eldred Rock, island in the boroughs of Juneau and Haines, Alaska, United States
 * Eldred Rock Light, historic octagonal lighthouse adjacent to Lynn Canal in Alaska

People

 * Eldred (surname)
 * Eldred (given name)
 * Eldred baronets of Saxham Magna, Suffolk, England

Fictional characters

 * Eldred, the main character of the video game Sacrifice
 * Eldred Jonas, a character from the Stephen King novel Wizard and Glass
 * "Sir Eldred of the Bower, a Legendary Tale", a 17th century poem by Hannah More
 * Eldred the Saxon, a figure in GK Chesterton's The Ballad of the White Horse
 * Eldred Miller, bartender/saloon owner of The Silver Slipper on Little House on the Prairie

title: Eldred


text:
Elim

Elim may refer to:

Africa

 * Elim (Bible), one of the places where the Israelites camped following their Exodus from Egypt
 * Elim, Namibia, a village in the north-east of the Republic of Namibia
 * Elim, Western Cape, a village on the Agulhas Plain in the Western Cape of South Africa
 * Elim Constituency, an electoral constituency in the Omusati Region of Namibia
 * Elim Dune, a dune in the Sossusvlei salt and clay pan of the Namib desert

Australia

 * Elim Aboriginal Mission, Queensland, Australia

Europe

 * Elim, Anglesey, a village in Wales
 * Elim, Drenthe, a village in the Netherlands
 * Elim Chapel, Cwmdare, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales

United States

 * Elim, Alaska, a city in Nome Census Area
 * Elim, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Upper Yoder Township, Cambria County
 * Elim Township, Custer County, Nebraska

Churches and religious organizations

 * Elim Bible Institute and College, a Bible college in Lima, New York, US
 * Elim Church Singapore, one of the first Pentecostal churches to be established in Singapore
 * Elim Fellowship, a North America–based Pentecostal/charismatic Christian fellowship
 * Elim Life Church, a nondenominational Charismatic Christian church in Lima, New York, US; see
 * Elim Pentecostal Church, a UK-based Pentecostal Christian denomination
 * Misión Cristiana Elim Internacional (also Elim Central), a pentecostal megachurch in San Salvador, El Salvador

People and characters

 * Fínnachta (given name Elim), High King of Ireland in succession to his father
 * A rank of angel mentioned in The Zohar in Exodus 43a
 * Elim Garak, a fictional character from the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 * Elim Meshchersky (1808–1844), Russian diplomat and poet

Other

 * Elim (Bethel, Missouri), USA; a historic house
 * Elim Mission massacre

title: Elim


text:
Banjarmasin

Banjarmasin is a city in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was the capital of the province until 15 February 2022. The city is located on a delta island near the junction of the Barito and Martapura rivers. Historically the centre of the Banjarese culture, and the capital of the Sultanate of Banjar, it is the biggest city in South Kalimantan and one of the main cities of Kalimantan. The city covers an area of 98.46 km2 and had a population of 625,481 as of the 2010 Census and 657,663 as of the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid 2023 was 675,915 (comprising 337,819 males and 338,096 females). It is the third most populous city on the island of Borneo.

Greater Banjarmasin, also known as Banjarbakula (an acronym for Banjarmasin-Barito Kuala-Tanah Laut) or Banjar Raya, is an urban agglomeration of over two million people covering an area of 6945.67 km2, which includes Banjarbaru city and parts of Banjar Regency (including Martapura town), Barito Kuala Regency, and Tanah Laut Regency, and accounts for almost half of the province's population.

Banjarmasin was the de jure seat of the South Kalimantan governor and the location of the provincial parliament, although some provincial buildings have been relocated to Banjarbaru. On 15 February 2022, the capital of South Kalimantan province was legally moved to Banjarbaru.

Etymology
"Banjarmasin" is thought to be a corrupted version of "Bandar Masih" (Port Masih), which was named for Patih Masih, who ruled the port and the surrounding villages. Patih Masih's name may have been a nickname. Masih originates from the Ngaju language. Oloh Masi refers to the coastal-dwelling Malay population in the language of the Dayaks, who lived in the interior and visited the port regularly to trade. Some of the Dayaks eventually settled in the port. They eventually contributed to the culture of the Banjar people, along with the Javanese and Malays.

Early history
European archeologist H. Kupper discovered several prehistoric sites around the region in 1939 and found implements such as choppers and other stone tools. Most of the artifacts found around the region and the province show signs of Neolithic culture. Migration from mainland Asia to Borneo may have been common while they were connected by the Sunda Shelf. Many stone tools have been found in Awang Bangkal, 50 km from the city.

Until the early 15th century, there were few written records found from the region. Outside records indicate it was home to several kingdoms such as Tanjungpuri—theorized to have been founded by Malay people from Srivijaya—and Negara Daha and Dipa, which were founded by Javanese people from Majapahit. Hinduism and Buddhism entered the region between the first and 15th centuries. There are two candis (temples) left in the region, Candi Laras and Candi Agung. The Ma'anyan people may have ruled the oldest kingdom in the archipelago, Nan Sarunai. Its existence is disputed; speculated by archeologists based on several carved stone tombs and a Ma'anyan folk song called "Usak Jawa", which is thought to tell the story of the Majapahit conquest of the kingdom.

The history of Banjarmasin itself began during the founding of the Sultanate of Banjar. According to folk stories and the Hikayat Banjar, Sukarama, the fourth king of Negara Daha, wanted his grandson, Raden Samudra, to be his successor in the kingdom instead of his direct son Prince Tumenggung. Prince Tumenggung later banished Raden Samudra and tried to reclaim the throne for himself. Raden Samudra fled to the region that would later be known as Banjarmasin. There, he met Patih Masih. Under Samudra's leadership, the port grew into the town of Bandar Masih. Tumenggung, who disliked Samudra's growing power, wanted to invade the town. Samudra allied with the Demak Sultanate, which agreed to help him. In return he would have to convert to Islam if he won. With the help of expeditionary forces from Demak, Samudra defeated the Tumenggung forces and proclaimed the Banjar Sultanate. He changed his name to Sultan Suriansyah I. The sultanate became more reliant on the Demak to the point that it was considered their protectorate. However, between 1546 and 1550, as conquests and the spice trade enriched the sultanate, it became independent and stopped sending tributes to Java.

Colonial era
The first contact between Europeans and the Banjar people in the region came through trade. Starting in 1596, this mostly took place in Banten. European traders, largely Dutch, did not bother visiting the port until Banten's rulers banned them. The traders resorted to attacking ships from other countries, including ships under the Banjar Sultanate, to steal nutmeg. The Sultan took revenge against a Dutch ship visiting Banjarmasin on 17 July 1607 by hijacking it and massacring the crew. Similar incidents occurred several times between 1603 and 1636, ending when the sultanate reached a trade agreement that put the Dutch East India Company in control of the nutmeg trade from the sultanate and gave it a monopoly over trade in Banjarmasin. The company was expelled in 1638, however, after the sultan waged a war against the Dutch and burned much of the company's possessions around the port. Similarly, an English company agreed upon a treaty with the sultanate in 1698 but was expelled from the region in 1707. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Banjarmasin was subject to British control, a situation complicated by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, which was seen to have mandated its transfer to Dutch authority. This directive paradoxically conflicted with a prior 1812 treaty between the British East India Company and the sultanate, which prohibited the region’s transfer to any other European power. This issue was navigated by the then Governor of Java, John Fendall, who argued that the 1812 treaty’s conditions were still valid. Sovereignty was therefore effectively transferred from the British East India Company to the Sultan in late 1816, and not directly to the Dutch. The dispute over sovereignty was finally settled when the Sultan of Banjarmasin settled an agreement with the Netherlands in January 1817, effectively confirming Dutch control over the region. A succession crisis between Sultan Adam and Tamjidillah II and a dispute over resource control of coal mines resulted in a war between the sultanate and the Dutch East Indies Company which led to the end of the sultanate in 1863. The war continued until 1905 under an emergency government set up by the sultanate called Pagustian. The last resistance was put down with the capture of Queen Zaleha in 1906. As a result of the war, many Banjar people from Borneo migrated to Sumatra, Singapore, and Malaysia and formed communities there.

20th century–present
When World War II broke out, the city was occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army. After the Battle of Banjarmasin, control was transferred to the Imperial Japanese Navy. Locals described Japanese rule under the navy as harsher compared to the army. This led many people to escape to Java, which remained under army rule. The city was liberated by Australian forces in September 1945. The return of Dutch rule, however, was opposed by the people and resulted in the Kalimantan Physical Revolution, four years of war between Indonesian nationalists and the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army. This ended with the Dutch recognition of Indonesia in 1949. The city was briefly assigned as the capital of Great Dayak federal state before being absorbed into a single Kalimantan province. It later became the capital city of the newly formed South Kalimantan province. Frequent flooding led to a plan to relocate the provincial capital city to Banjarbaru. The process continued until 2011, and the provincial parliament remains in Banjarmasin. Banjarmasin was granted city status by the Indonesian government in 1959 under Law Number 27 of 1959.

On 7 December 1996, Dirgantara Air Service Flight 5940 crashed to the gas factory after taking off near Syamsudin Noor International Airport, killing around 18 people. On 23 May 1997, the city witnessed a riot caused by friction between supporters of the United Development Party and Golkar. The riot later developed into looting, which targeted Chinese and Christian minorities and several shopping malls. At least 137 people were killed during the riots. The riot today is known by locals as Jumat Kelabu or Grey Friday.

On 15 February 2022, the capital of South Kalimantan province was legally moved to Banjarbaru.

Geography
Banjarmasin is located in the Barito River's basin and is bisected by the Martapura River. The slope of the city is 0.13% and the land is generally flat and low-lying. The geological foundation of the city is dominated by clay and sandstone, but also includes alluvial sediments from the river. Several smaller rivers, all connected to either the Martapura River or Barito River, form a dendritic drainage pattern. The city's river system is affected by tides. The city is located in a swampy region and is generally below water level, making it prone to being flooded by tidal bores.

The area of city proper is 98.46 km2, around 0.26% of the provincial area. It borders the Barito Kuala Regency in the north and west and the Banjar Regency in the east and south.

Climate
Banjarmasin has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with heavy rainfall from November to June and moderate rainfall from July to October. The monthly temperature is within range between 26 C to 38 C with an average maximum temperature of 33 C and average minimum temperature of 22 C. However, there is a slight variation of seasonal temperatures because of monsoons. Precipitation can reach between 2,400 mm and 3,500 mm yearly, with an average level of 1,600 mm. The hottest months are between March and September when the temperature can reach an average as high as 36 C. The average amount of sunshine is 2.8 hours per day during the rainy season and 6.5 hours during the dry season.

January is the wettest month, with air humidity sitting between 75 and 90% in January; September is the driest, with humidity of 52% in September.

Administrative division
The city is divided into five districts (kecamatan). The most densely populated district is Central Banjarmasin with a density of 13,155 per square kilometre while the least densely populated district is South Banjarmasin with density of 4,281 per square kilometre. , South, North, and East Banjarmasin district experienced population growth—South and North both by 1.10% and East by 0.58%; Central and West Banjarmasin both experienced declines of 0.46%. Their areas and populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023, are tabulated below. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of urban villages (all rated as kelurahan) in each district, and its postal codes.

Local government
As with all Indonesian cities, Banjarmasin is a second-level administrative division run by a mayor and a vice mayor together with the city parliament, and is equivalent to a regency. Executive power is vested in the mayor and vice mayor, while legislative duties are vested in the local parliament. The mayor, vice mayor, and parliament members are directly elected by the people of the city in an election. Heads of districts are appointed by the mayor on the recommendation of the city secretary.

Politics
On the provincial level, Banjarmasin is part of South Kalimantan's first electoral district, which has 8 out of 55 representatives. On the city level, the city is divided into five electoral districts, which have a total of 45 parliamentary representatives. The last election was in 2019 and the next one is scheduled for 2024.

Banjarbakula (Greater Banjarmasin)
The Banjarmasin metropolitan area comprises two complete cities (Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru), together with large parts of three regencies as follows:

Notes: (a) 14 out of 20 districts. (b) 12 out of 17 districts. (c) all except Kintap District.

Economy
The city's economy is dominated by manufacturing, which accounts for 17.19% of its gross regional product (GRP) as of 2020. The second largest sector is trade, which accounts for 12.57% of the city's GRP, followed by the finance sector at 12.29%. The agriculture sector is small, contributing only 2.43% of city's GRP. Mining is nonexistent within the city, in stark contrast to neighbouring regions. In 2019, economic growth was 6.38%. However, in 2020 there was an economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a decrease of 1.91%. The city imports 1,900,000 LT of goods through its main port, the Port of Trisakti, and exports 98,320,000 LT of goods. Movement of goods increased 92.24% between 2018 and 2019. Banjarmasin experienced 4.15% yearly inflation in 2019.

Industry
Around 62% of industry in Banjarmasin is focused on food and drink processing and related products. This includes bread, flour, and soybean sauce production. Other industries include rubber and plastic manufacturing, which account for about 15% of the city's industrial output. The rest of the industrial output is from machinery, pharmaceuticals, paper products, and electrical equipment.

There are 3,014 industrial companies registered in the city as of 2020, employing a total of 22,063 people. There are also smaller-scale industries producing wood furniture, clothing, and snacks, with 88 registered smaller-scale businesses in these sectors as of 2020.

Tourism
The city has 129 hotels registered as of 2020. The city was visited by 109,653 domestic tourists and 251 foreign tourists that year. According to Statistics Indonesia, in 2020 there were 113 identified potential tourist spots in the city. Tourism, however, remains a small sector in the city's economy.

Finance
The finance sector in general has been grew steadily from 2015 to 2019, with an annual growth of around 3%. Basic financial services account for 67% of this sector, followed by pension funds and insurance services with 14.94%. The city accounts for 67.61% of financial activities in the entire province, both in local and foreign currencies.

Demographics
According to Statistics Indonesia, a resident of the city is defined as "someone who resides within the city for at least 6 months or less than 6 months but with intention to settle". The estimated number of residents in 2020 was 657,663 with a sex ratio of 100.36 male per 100 female. 47.87% of the city population resides in the South and North Banjarmasin districts. As with most of Indonesian cities, the population is young and consists of a workforce within the reproductive age of above 15, which in the city is around 62.07% of the city's population in 2020, or 331,526 people. Annual population growth was 0.44% between 2010 and 2020. East and Central Banjarmasin district. however, has a sex ratio of 98.84 and 97.47 male per 100 female respectively, which means both districts have more female residents than males. This differs from the city average. The city's dominant religion is Islam, with a minority of Protestants, Catholics, Hindus, Buddhists, Confucianists, and animist religions. Muslims make up around 95% of the city's population, followed by Christians (both Catholics and Protestants) at around 3%; other religions combined total about 2%.

Most of the city's population identifies as Banjarese—79,26% did so in 2010. Other ethnicities include Javanese with 10.27%, Madurese with 3.17%, Chinese Indonesian with 1.56%, Dayak with 0.92%, and Bugis with 0.6%. There is also an Arabic population that date back to Sultanate and colonial era.

Education
The literacy rate in 2020 was 98.94%. There are 311 kindergartens, 208 elementary schools, 35 junior high schools, and 29 senior high schools as of 2020. There are also 22 vocational high schools in the city. The city is home to more than 25 higher education institutions and universities. One of the most notable, which is also a public university, is the Lambung Mangkurat University. The university has more than 2,000 graduates every year—most of them majoring in teaching and science education, followed by economics and business, engineering, agricultural science, and medical subjects. In 2020, there were 700 postgraduate students. A developed education system and the existence of educational institutions attract students from neighbouring regions to pursue their education in the city. Other notable private universities, such as the Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari Kalimantan Islamic University, have the greatest number of students. According to Indonesian Statistics, in 2020 there 11,854 male and 8,189 female students. The school participation rate was 97.91% as of 2020.

Healthcare

The city has eight hospitals and 34 polyclinics as of 2020. There are also 26 puskesmas (community healthcare centres), 26 healthcare centres, and 47 pharmacies. The main and largest hospital in the city is Ulin Regional Hospital, which is owned by the provincial government; it is classified as an A-type hospital by the Ministry of Health. Life expectancy in the city as of 2020 was 71.13 years, which is significantly above the provincial average.

As of 2020, 511,118 people of the total city population of 657,663 are registered in the BPJS Kesehatan, government-mandated social insurance which covers certain healthcare costs. 89% of newborn babies in 2020 were vaccinated with basic vaccines such as polio vaccine, MMR vaccine, and Hepatitis B vaccine. Around 95% of newborn babies are born inside a healthcare or maternity facility, while 99.98% of births are assisted by healthcare workers.

Banjarese culture
The city's dominant culture is that of the Banjar people, which have characteristics described as those of a "river culture" and are influenced by other ethnicities such as Dayak, Javanese, Malay, Arab, and even Persian. Despite being a Muslim majority, the Banjar people still hold on to the importance of cultural parts that have been influenced by their Hindu-Buddhist past. This includes the Malanuh ceremony, which is an offering to supernatural beings. One annual event that is celebrated widely by the people of the city is Haul Guru Sekumpul, an event commemorating the death of a charismatic ulema from the region, Zaini Abdul Ghani.

Another famous cultural sight in the city is a floating market located on the Kuin River and Lok Baintan. People meet on the river after Fajr prayer until around 07:00 pm and transactions with the merchants are done from small boats. Small snacks, vegetables, fruits, meat, and many other groceries are sold at the market. This market is dying, however, and the number of merchants has declined because of the shift from river culture to land culture and competition with regular land markets. The city is home to a cultural center building surrounded by a cultural park where traditional artists can often be seen performing. The building and its surrounding has been used regularly to hold cultural events to preserve Banjarese culture, as well as to facilitate local artists.

City parks

There are several city parks and public spaces in the city, one of the most notable being Siring Park, located in the center of the city. Sometimes referred to by locals as "0 Kilometer Park", the park is located on the shores of the Martapura River and also acts as a waterfront for the river with docks for small boats in the river. Facilities in the park include a watchtower, several gazebos, pedestrian roads, and skateboard parks. In front of the park, there is an urban bus stop used by both Trans Banjarmasin & BRT Banjarbakula bus companies. In addition, the park includes one of the city's landmarks, a 6.5 m statue of a bekantan (Proboscis monkey) which is a native primate in the region. The park is also a center for street foods in the city during dusk.

Other city parks include Kamboja Park, Bungas Banjarmasin Park, and Banua Anyar Public Space. Located 2 km from the city center, Banua Anyar Public Space is specifically designed for toddlers and kids. It is located below Banua Anyar bridge and has facilities such as a kids' park, artificial soft grass to ensure child safety, and book reading corners.

Others
Several shopping malls are located in the city. The Duta Mall Banjarmasin is the largest in the province, and connected to a hotel called The Mercure Hotel. Located in Central Banjarmasin district, it occupies more than 42,000 m2 and consists of four stories. It is also surrounded by several other buildings housing stores, forming a complex with a total area of 80,000 m2. Other entertainment centers in the city include Trans Studio Mini Banjarmasin, an indoor theme park which is owned by Trans Corp and malls such as Mitra Plaza, Lotte Mart, and Giant. Mitra Plaza is one of the city's oldest modern shopping centers, and was a target of looting and destruction during the Banjarmasin riot of May 1997. It was renovated after the riot. Other than modern shopping malls, according to Statistics Indonesia, as of 2019, there are 60 traditional markets registered in the city.

Transportation

The city has 790.13 km of road, most of which have been paved with asphalt. It is connected to the Trans-Kalimantan Highway Southern Route, which connects it to other big cities such as Palangka Raya and Samarinda. Kilometer 6 Bus Terminal is the main bus terminal for the city and the province, where buses for long inter-province routes gather. Being old and overcrowded, the government relocated the main terminal to the newly built Kilometer 17 Bus Terminal in Gambut District, Banjar Regency. However, the new terminal is rarely used and many bus operators resisted the relocation because of the remoteness of the new terminal from the city center.

Being divided by a big navigable river, speed boats on the river are also an important means of transportation within the city. Ride-hailing services such as Gojek and Grab are widespread. The city has three urban bus services, BRT Banjarbakula which connects it to the Greater Banjarmasin area and Trans Banjarmasin, which only serves the city proper. As with other Indonesian cities, the city has angkots (shared taxis), which have been declining rapidly because of competition from online ride-hailing services, online taxis, and new public transportation services created by the city government. On 22 December 2021, another urban bus system, Trans Banjarbakula, was launched which also covers the entire metropolitan area.

The city is served by the Port of Trisakti, which is one of main ports in Indonesia and classified as class IA. The port has a passenger terminal for passenger ships to neighbouring islands such as Java and Sulawesi. The closest airport is the Syamsudin Noor International Airport, which located inside Banjarbaru city, 29 km from Banjarmasin.

Media
There are numerous newspapers, television stations, and radio based in Banjarmasin. The city is center of mass media in the province of South Kalimantan. Known established media groups such as Banjarmasin Post, Kalimantan Post, and Radar Banjarmasin existed since early New Order period, while numerous smaller independent media were founded mostly after Reformasi. Other example of news media are Barito Post, Mata Banua, Metro Banjar, and Kanal Kalimantan. In total, there were 47 registered news media including printed and online, 36 tabloids, and 4 magazines in the city.

In television sector, outside of nationwide networks both private and state-owned, there are local television stations focused mostly on local news. State-owned television network TVRI has local branch for South Kalimantan located in Banjarmasin, while Duta TV and Banjar TV, two most prominent local channels, are private.

The city also has a branch of Radio Republik Indonesia, an Indonesian state-owned radio network. According to the government source, there are 21 formally registered radio station.

title: Banjarmasin


text:
Elmer Township

Elmer Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

 * Elmer Township, Oscoda County, Michigan
 * Elmer Township, Sanilac County, Michigan
 * Elmer Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota
 * Elmer Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota

title: Elmer Township


text:
Elroy

Elroy may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Elroy, North Carolina, a census-designated place
 * Elroy, a village in Franconia Township, Pennsylvania
 * Elroy, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Elroy, Wisconsin, a city

People and fictional characters

 * Elroy (given name)

title: Elroy


text:
Elsmere

Elsmere may refer to a place in the United States:

 * Elsmere, Delaware
 * Elsmere, Kentucky
 * Elsmere, Nebraska
 * Elsmere, New York

title: Elsmere