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Vislor Turlough

Vislor Turlough is a fictional character played by Mark Strickson in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. He was a companion of the Fifth Doctor, being a regular in the programme from 1983 to 1984. Turlough appeared in 10 stories (33 episodes).

Character history
When Turlough first appears in the serial Mawdryn Undead, he is a student of retired Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart (himself a former companion of the Doctor) at the Brendon Public School, but it becomes apparent that he is not what he seems. He is contacted by the malevolent Black Guardian, who offers to take him home if he kills the Doctor. He also appears familiar with concepts of time travel and matter transmission. At the end of the serial, Turlough asks to accompany the Doctor. Despite Tegan and Nyssa's suspicions, the Doctor accepts Turlough as part of the TARDIS crew.

During the course of the next two serials, Terminus and Enlightenment (collectively known, together with Mawdryn Undead, as the Black Guardian Trilogy), Turlough finds himself unable to decide whether or not to carry out his assignment from the Black Guardian, but eventually rejects him in favour of loyalty to the Doctor. Although always slightly cowardly, with excellent instincts of self-preservation and a streak of ruthlessness, his relationship with the Doctor and Tegan improves with time (Nyssa having departed at the end of Terminus). He is one of the few companions capable of operating many of the TARDIS's systems, being able to run a diagnostic in "The Five Doctors" and program the TARDIS to retrieve the Doctor in Planet of Fire. Initially expressing a desire to return home, he continues travelling with the Doctor and Tegan until Tegan leaves at the end of Resurrection of the Daleks.

In the next serial, Planet of Fire, it is revealed that Turlough is a junior ensign commander from the planet Trion. Following a civil war on his home planet, in which his mother was killed, Turlough's family were arrested as political prisoners. His father and younger brother Malkon were exiled to the planet Sarn whilst Turlough himself was exiled to Earth, supervised by a Trion agent disguised as a solicitor in Chancery Lane. Revealed for the first time in this serial is Turlough's first name, Vislor. At the end of the serial, Turlough discovers that political prisoners are no longer mistreated on Trion and decides it is time to return home.

An image of Turlough appears during the Fifth Doctor's regeneration scene in The Caves of Androzani.

Television

 * Season 20

 * Mawdryn Undead
 * Terminus
 * Enlightenment
 * The King's Demons

 * 20th anniversary special
 * "The Five Doctors"
 * Season 21

 * Warriors of the Deep
 * The Awakening
 * Frontios
 * Resurrection of the Daleks
 * Planet of Fire
 * The Caves of Androzani (cameo in episode 4)

Audio dramas

 * Doctor Who: The Monthly Adventures

 * Phantasmagoria
 * Loups-Garoux
 * Singularity
 * Cobwebs
 * The Whispering Forest
 * The Cradle of the Snake
 * Heroes of Sontar
 * Kiss of Death
 * Rat Trap
 * The Emerald Tiger
 * The Jupiter Conjunction
 * The Butcher of Brisbane
 * Eldrad Must Die!
 * The Lady of Mercia
 * Prisoners of Fate
 * Mistfall
 * Equilibrium
 * The Entropy Plague
 * The Memory Bank and Other Stories
 * Devil in the Mist
 * Black Thursday / Power Game
 * The Kamelion Empire
 * The Blazing Hour
 * The End of the Beginning

 * Doctor Who: The Lost Stories

 * Nightmare Country

 * Doctor Who: The Fifth Doctor Adventures

 * Forty 1
 * Interlude: I, Kamelion
 * Forty 2
 * The Auton Infinity
 * The Dream Team
 * Interlude: Meanwhile Turlough

 * Doctor Who: Special Releases

 * The Light at the End

 * Doctor Who: The Companion Chronicles

 * Ringpullworld
 * Freakshow

 * Doctor Who: Short Trips

 * Gardens of the Dead
 * The Monkey House

Novels

 * Make Your Own Adventure
 * Crisis in Space by Michael Holt
 * The Companions of Doctor Who
 * Turlough and the Earthlink Dilemma by Tony Attwood
 * Virgin Missing Adventures
 * The Crystal Bucephalus by Craig Hinton
 * Lords of the Storm by David A. McIntee
 * Past Doctor Adventures
 * Deep Blue by Mark Morris
 * Imperial Moon by Christopher Bulis
 * The King of Terror by Keith Topping

Short stories

 * "Birth of a Renegade" by Eric Saward (Radio Times Doctor Who 20th Anniversary Special)
 * "Zeitgeist" by Craig Hinton (Decalog 3: Consequences)
 * "Qualia" by Stephen Fewell (Short Trips: Companions)
 * "Rome" by Marcus Flavin (Short Trips: The History of Christmas)
 * "Comforts of Home" by Pete Kempshall (Short Trips: The History of Christmas)
 * "One Wednesday Afternoon" by Alison Jacobs (Short Trips: A Day in the Life)
 * "The Assassin's Story" by Andrew Collins (Short Trips: Repercussions)
 * "Observation" by Ian Farrington (Short Trips: Life Science)
 * "Lant Land" by Jonathan Morris (Short Trips: Life Science)
 * "White Man's Burden" by John Binns (Short Trips: Past Tense)
 * "Last Minute Shopping" by Neil Perryman (Short Trips: A Christmas Treasury)
 * "The Misadventure of Mark Thorne" by Andy Frankham (Short Trips: Snapshots)
 * "Piecemeal" by James Swallow (Short Trips: Snapshots)
 * "Do You Believe in the Krampus?" by Xanna Eve Chown (Short Trips: The Ghosts of Christmas)
 * "One Step Forward, Two Steps Back" by Chris Thomas (Short Trips: Defining Patterns)
 * "Gudok" by Mags L Halliday (Short Trips: Transmissions)
 * "The Darkest Corner" by Adrian Middleton (Shelf Life)
 * "Fair Exchange" by Mike Morgan (Shelf Life)

Comics

 * "The Lunar Strangers" by Gareth Roberts and Martin Geraghty (Doctor Who Magazine 215–217)

Reception
Sean Ferrick from WhatCulture placed Vislor at #10 on his list of the "10 Most Hated Doctor Who Characters", commenting that "there seems to be a schism in the fandom on this character. He was initially introduced as a double-agent, which made it hard for people to get on board with him. Even the other companions at the time struggled to empathise and this was before his true colours were revealed. Much of his story seemed to be added as an afterthought in the show, with him being almost constantly subdued or captured. This led to a present-but-not status for this Fifth Doctor companion, something that even Big Finish has not remedied in the expanded universe. His scepticism against the 'fools rush in' mentality of so many Doctors and other companions made him stand out that bit more, though often put him at odds with the others in the TARDIS. Unfortunately, his time on-screen was all too short for a proper exploration of this rational thinker, which left him in the dust as the show moved on without him. Perhaps in the years to come, he will be reevaluated but for now, its the scrap heap for poor Vislor!" However, MaryAnn Johanson from flickfilosopher called Vislor her favourite companion, saying that "Turlough was never easy to like, but he was always intriguing and frustrating, in the most interesting kind of way. He upended ideas about who could be a companion, and why: he never really seemed to like the Doctor, and indeed bullshitted his way onto the TARDIS only as a way to escape an intolerable situation, not because he was seeking adventure or excitement. And of course there’s the small detail of how he tried to kill the Doctor, more than once, at the behest of the Black Guardian, who misled Turlough about the Doctor’s nature. Turlough was smart and sarcastic, which always appeals to me, but more importantly, he was a different sort of companion, and his presence pushed the drama into new corners. I’d love to see what the new incarnation of the show would do with someone like him."

Strickson has humorously commented that, not knowing what to do with him, the writers of the television series would often have the villains capture or lock him up, leading to Turlough ending up in various "states of bondage".

title: Vislor Turlough


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Talk:The Hill School

Advertisement template
Would the editor who posted the advertisement template please be specific. Thank you.Nancyhmarshall (talk) 22:27, 18 April 2016 (UTC)
 * That would be, although I would have thought it was pretty self-explanatory, current article reads like a promo brochure for the school. Talking about how the founding of the school was unique and rare, the in-depth descriptions of stuff like the closing ceremony, the dress code, the motto/honor code, etc. etc. It's not surprising when 12 of the 14 references are not independent.  Onel 5969  TT me 00:17, 19 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I completely agree with 's assessment. The article uses excessively flowery, non-encyclopedic verbiage and lacks a neutral point of view. The School Life and Academic Structure sections are entirely unreferenced, and reads more like a promotional ad for the school than an encyclopedia entry. NotaBene 鹰百利 Talk 00:27, 19 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Some of the flowery language can be removed, without affecting the content. In addition, there is significant negative coverage and controversies/scandals regarding the school which must be added. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.234.0.25 (talk) 20:16, 8 March 2017 (UTC)

Deleting material
Please could it be refrained from deleting content on the school. Comments such as "this is not the school's page" is not useful at all, since in fact it is a article about a well known school, and one in which there is much published literature about which has not been well organised in the past. If you look at comparable pages, say Lawrenceville School or Phillips Academy there is quite detailed description. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.234.0.25 (talk) 20:09, 8 March 2017 (UTC)

 * I have to say that it looks like you are being disruptive. Wikipedia does have rules, and we hope that you'll follow them.  There is no ownership of articles, please respect your fellow editors and explain what edits you'd like to make and why.  Smallbones( smalltalk ) 23:13, 8 March 2017 (UTC)

 * I do not feel that I am being disruptive at all. I have removed quite a bit of flowery language, have conducted research on this topic, but my edits have been continuously reverted without explanation or with a poor one that makes no sense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.234.0.25 (talk) 23:27, 8 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Smallbones, please refrain from mass-deletion of sourced material without comment and baseless attacks on fellow editors. This sort of behavior has become far too common among frequent editors such as yourself. Please leave descriptions of your edits and discuss matters that might be controversial on the talk page. Enon (talk) 17:40, 10 March 2017 (UTC)
 * discuss the content, not the editor. John from Idegon (talk) 18:13, 10 March 2017 (UTC)
 * You did not provide any reason for reverting, nor did Smallbones. If you think the sources are insufficient, say which ones and why. Note that "verifiable" doesn't have to mean "verified" in all instances, particularly adding first-draft material to an article when there is no controversy, just put in a "citation needed". You can edit specific parts without wholesale deletion. My reversion edit has a substantive reason on it: it makes the article better in my opinion and that of the editor who spent time adding that material. You also reverted a perfectly innocuous edit with a source, giving the year the school became coeducational. That was petty, against WP policy and a perfect example of the sort of editing that drives away good people. Enon (talk) 01:48, 13 March 2017 (UTC)
 * My only reason for getting involved here was that I saw an anon edit warring with a respected editor to put in poorly written and poorly referenced material. In short, I think the anon was being pretty pushy.  Please reread his comment at the top of this section.  It's a claim of ownership or at least "you have to do it my way." The comparison to Lawrenceville School which he suggested is informative - please look at that article.  It has well written, well referenced sections on the same general topics in about half the space.   If you want to write and reference the sections, please do, but please self-revert if you don't want to rewrite it.  I certainly wouldn't want to be responsible for inserting that material.  Smallbones( smalltalk ) 04:19, 13 March 2017 (UTC)
 * The content being added is pure crap. It's unsourced, promo in tone and mentioning achievement that we wouldn't include even with a sterling source. And if you call one of my edits vandalism again I will see you blocked for it. Great way to foster productive discussion. There is no consensus to include any of the content, altho I do not have a problem with the bit on going coed in its proper place. This isn't the school's page, and the unsourced out of guideline info added to the edit note that clearly indicates the IP shares the not uncommon delusion that this page is somehow FOR the school rather than about it. All this makes me wonder what the motivation of an editor with 6 years experience whom I've never ever encountered at any other school article is to be getting so bent over this article? Is this your alma mater? John from Idegon (talk) 04:56, 13 March 2017 (UTC)
 * "Pure crap"? What exactly is the "crap" here? The year the school became coed? Details of the creation of an innovative early childhood program? Championships in soccer, football, swimming and lacrosse? Details about facilities? I'm calling bullshit here; This is bullying, plain and simple. If you have an issue with sourcing, either tag it or add better sources. It's time to stop edit warring and start trying to work with newer editors to improve articles, not to bite their heads off with patently false claims. Alansohn (talk) 12:04, 13 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Your tone here seems to not be assuming good faith, which I have, and I believe the anonymous editor does as well. While you object to my edit description, I object to your phrasing: "Pure crap", and with respect to your threat to block me (for objecting to what would not be allowed from an anonymous editor) I think I am not alone in my opinion that is not quite how an administrator* should comport himself. I'm not sure who you're talking about with "six years experience" (I have close to double that), but as for me, I came to this page to find out when Hill School went co-ed; I had been thinking about my time at Lawrenceville first form back when it was all-boys and Hill was one of the schools which I had earlier visited when deciding on a school. I'm not "getting so bent over this article", but the character of the edits throughout WP over the past few years -- particularly the mass deletions -- of the apparent cliques, of gratuitous insults by those who seem to consider themselves in a group above regular editors, the endless wiki-lawyering, the whole tone that WP has acquired. I'm not speaking of you in that last sentence, if you are opposed to these problems I invite you to help remedy them. *[Edit: not an admin, but a user with special rights]Enon (talk) 02:32, 16 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Please slow down and initiate Dispute resolution. TheDragonFire (talk) 07:32, 16 March 2017 (UTC)

Interested to learn why you believe this page is not the school's page. There is plenty of negative coverage of the school as well, such as the sexual abuse case which should definitely be included. In addition, some of the alumni's description of the culture at the school has been described as unpleasant. I have tried to add some of this information, however I strongly encourage the research of the storied history of the school, both good and bad. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.234.0.25 (talk) 21:14, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

Why were some sections split off?
May I ask why History of The Hill School, Campus of The Hill School, List of headmasters of The Hill School, Traditions of The Hill School, and Hill School Blues were split from this article? None of them are notable; according to Wikipedia:Notablity, "if a company is notable, information on its products and services should generally be included in the article on the company itself, unless the company article is so large that this would make the article unwieldy." Additionally, if actually look at the articles, they seem almost promotional. All other schools manage to comfortably fit all their info on a single page, so this feel like overkill. Does anyone else think these sub articles should be remerged with the main school article? --Andymii (talk) 22:49, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Right I can answer some of your questions.
 * 1. Not all schools are able to manage to fit into one article, and there is precedence for similar actions. For example, see pages Traditions of Texas A&M University, History of Cornell University, List of headmasters at Bristol Grammar School, etc. So while I understand your concern and agree that it is in good faith, it is not unique for this page to be split up.
 * 2. There is too much intricate detail to be addressed in one page, as the warning on the front page shows. If we were to revert back to the way the page was before it was split up, then it would be extremely long and unwieldy.
 * 3. The notability criteria you cited is for companies, and we are dealing with a non-profit school not a for-profit company. In any case, since it would be extremely unwieldy it would be unwise to merge them together.
 * 4. I disagree that the information posted is promotional. Yes, there is some flowery language but most has been removed. If you were the administrators of this school, would you post historical facts about how students were frequently beaten? Or about a smoking club? . — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hyungjoo98 (talk • contribs) 15:48, 17 April 2017 (UTC)

 * 1. Texas A&M and Cornell are institutions of higher education, not secondary schools. While Bristol Grammar does not necessarily deserve a page, its existence does not mean Hill does too. This is not a matter of uniqueness; it is a matter of appropriateness. I find the Hill is scarcely notable enough for splintering to this scale. Note WP:SIZESPLIT.
 * 2. I would like to say that the main article is scarcely long enough for splintering. In fact, most of the size is due to poor formatting and frankly unencyclopedic and superfluous material. The school does not need this splintering. I see it as a Hill School student wishing to pomp up their alma mater by giving it more articles.
 * 3. I view notability of the splintering of school articles as relative to the notability of the school itself. The Hill School is not notable enough.
 * 4. Yes, most of it seems like its been copied and pasted off the school website. Before I deleted it, it listed the languages offered, where they were taught, and whether they were discontinued. The content aside, it seems like the existence of the articles is promotional. That they are only extant for the sole purpose of making the school seem more significant and prestigious than it is.
 * I suggest you, instead of forcing people to undergo the long and burdensome process of nomination for deletion, tag them for speedy deletion yourself as the creator. The articles have no right to exist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alphalfalfa (talk • contribs)

List of Headmasters
The list currently does not pass WP:V. Even if we do find verification for the list, I believe it is trivial information that does not belong here as per WP:DIR. It is not standard practice here to list historical principals of high schools.--Rusf10 (talk) 19:53, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * , while you are correct in that it needs to be sourced, I'm guessing it easily can be. While this article is a highly padded overblown page largely only of interest to students and alumni and way too heavily sourced to connected sources, on this one narrow point, I disagree. Lists of heads of a school are endorsed content in the school article guidelines, and are commonly found on private schools, and frequently on public schools. John from Idegon (talk) 20:24, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * That makes sense for colleges/universities (which have a much higher level of notability). I haven't seen anything that says it should apply to secondary/high schools.--Rusf10 (talk) 05:16, 7 January 2018 (UTC)
 * The blue words are links, . John from Idegon (talk) 09:01, 7 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Didn't know, well, I guess you learn something new everyday! But seriously though, that is an essay, I just don't see the value of having lists of heads for anything below college level. I believe the policy WP:NOTDIR which is also linked in that essay (and therefore confusing) applies here.--Rusf10 (talk) 17:39, 7 January 2018 (UTC)

Archiving
There was a five year break in talk page discussion between 2010 and 2016, so I've archived everything prior to 2016 manually. If someone wants to set up automatic archiving, I have no objection. I don't do well with automation, so I'll leave that for someone who does it well. John from Idegon (talk) 22:52, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:The Hill School


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Slovene verbs

This article describes the conjugation and use of verbs in Slovene. Further information about the grammar of the Slovene language can be found in the article Slovene grammar.

This article follows the tonal orthography. For the conversion into pitch orthography, see Slovene national phonetic transcription.

Persons and numbers
Slovene has three numbers (singular, dual, plural), for more information see Slovene declension.

Slovene also has three persons:

 * 1) First person, used to refer to the speaker or a group the speaker is a part of.
 * 2) Second person, used to refer to the listener or for a general subject (the same as what one is used in English or man in German).
 * 3) Third person, used to refer to a person that does participate in a conversation, when there is no subject (with impersonal verbs) and when the subject is not in nominative case (e. g. mene ni doma 'I am not home', but literally 'I is not home').

First and third person can be used instead of second when talking to children. Second person can be used instead of the first when one is talking to oneself and want to sound detached.

Tenses
In Slovene, there are four tenses:

 * 1) The present tense.
 * 2) The past or preterite tense.
 * 3) The pluperfect (past perfect) tense.
 * 4) The future tense.

Moods
There are 4 verb moods:

 * 1) Indicative mood, which is used to state a fact or opinion. It can be in all aforementioned tenses.
 * 2) Imperative mood, which is used to give commands. It can only be in present tense.
 * 3) Conditional mood, which is used to state possibilities or wishes, for example, If only I were... It can be in present or preterite tense.
 * 4) Optative or hortative mood, which is used to give commands, for assumptions and for encouragement. It can be in all tenses. Both names are usually used interchangeably, but since there are two ways of formation, terms in this article refer to different ways of formation, especially because only one of them can be used for encouragement (and can hence be called hortative). In Slovene literature, this mood is only considered to be extension of the indicative and conditional mood.

Non-finite forms
In addition, there are several non-finite forms:

 * 1) Long infinitive in -ti/-či  and short infinitive in -t/-č, the use of the latter one is limited to non-formal situations and mostly to speech.
 * 2) Supine in -t/-č.
 * 3) Two present active participles, in -č and in -e, indicating ongoing action.
 * 4) Two past active participles, in -l and in -(v)ši, indicating a past or completed action.
 * 5) A past passive participle in -n or -t, indicating an action having been performed on something.
 * 6) Gerund, indicating an act or a thing being acted upon.

Aspect
As in all Slavic languages, Slovene verbs are classified based on their aspect:

 * 1) Perfective (dovršni) verbs, which represent a completed action.
 * 2) Imperfective (nedovršni) verbs, which represent an ongoing action.

Each verb is either perfective or imperfective, and most verbs occur in pairs to express the same meaning with different aspects. For example, the concept of jumping is expressed in the 2 different aspects is, which has an imperfective aspect and can roughly be translated as to be jumping (continuously), and , which has a perfective aspect and can roughly be translated as to jump (once). While each aspect is represented by a full verb with its own distinct conjugation, certain combinations are not or rarely used in one aspect or the other. For example, imperfective verbs generally lack a past passive participle, while perfective verbs usually have no present participles. Additionally, the present tense has 2 different meanings depending on the aspect of a verb. For imperfective verbs, it has present meaning, while for perfective verbs, it has a future meaning expressing a desire to carry out the action. For example, To kravo hočem prodati. "I want to sell the cow" (compare this with the future tense To kravo bom prodal. "I will sell the cow").

Transitivity
As well, verbs can be classified based on their transitivity. Many verbs in Slovene can be both transitive and intransitive depending on their use in a sentence. However, all reflexive verbs, which are marked by the pronoun (one self), are intransitive.

Impersonal verbs
There are also impersonal verbs; these can only have forms for third person and participles in neuter gender. These are mostly verbs to describe weather, such as 'to rain' and  'to thunder'.

Voices
There are three voices: active, passive , and reflexive. Active and reflexive voice can be in all tenses, while passive voice cannot be in pluperfect or past (and future) conditional.

Verb classes
Verbs are often classified into six classes, depending on their verbal suffix in infinitive:

 * Class I has no verbal suffix, e. g. 'carry' and  'drink'.
 * Class II has suffix -ni-, e. g. 'sink, sag'.
 * Class III has suffix -e- or -a- and -i- in present stem, e. g. 'sit' and  'scream'.
 * Class IV has suffix -i-, e. g. 'aim'.
 * Class V has suffixes -a-, -va-, -ja-, -ˈava-, -ˈeva-, -ira-, or -izira- (but a never changes into i), e. g. 'weave' and  'write'.
 * Class VI has suffixes -ovˈa- (hard) or -evˈa- (soft), e. g. 'buy'

Accentual types
There are several different accentual types, that can be divided differently. It is rarely divided the same way as in Proto-Slavic because all the accent shifts have made such division impractical. It is usually divided where the accent is situated and thus the verbs are divided into seven groups.

 * Accent is not directly before the endings (marked as I)
 * Accent is directly before infinitive ending and not directly before present indicative endings (marked as II A)
 * Accent can be on two different vowels in infinitive (marked as II B)
 * Accent is on other vowel in infinitive and present indicative (marked as II C)
 * Accent is on the last vowel (marked as II D); currently, only verb and its derivatives follows this pattern. In the past, verbs  and  also followed this pattern.
 * Accent is directly before the endings (marked as III)
 * Accent is not directly before infinitive ending and directly before present indicative endings (marked as IV)

Polite forms
Slovene has T–V distinction and has many different polite forms. See T–V distinction in the world's languages § Slovene for when they are used.

 * Forms showed here are forms.
 * is formed by replacing second person singular with plural, participles are in masculine forms.
 * is formed by replacing second person singular with plural, but participles stay in singular.
 * is formed by replacing second person and third person singular with third person plural, participles are in masculine forms.
 * is formed by replacing second person with third person, participles are in neuter forms.

Morphological structure
Verbs in Slovene have a complex morphological structure as they consist of several phonemes. The core of a verb form prefixes, roots and root suffixes. Root is the only of these three morphemes that is not optional and other morphemes are added to it. In most cases only one is present in a verb, but there are also verbs with more than one root, e. g. 'to urbanize'. Prefixes often indicate a perfective verb. Most verbs have none or one prefix, but some can also have more, such as 'split evenly'. Root suffixes are not so common; an example would be 'cut wood' or  'to urbanize'. These parts together convey the meaning of a verb.

The stem is formed by adding a verbal suffix, which influences the aspect ( vs. 'break'; the first one is perfective, the other one imperfective) and the conjugation. Verbs have two stems. The present stem forms the base for all forms of the present indicative and the imperative, as well as the present participles. The infinitive stem forms the infinitives, supine, gerund, and past participles.

Stem is then followed by the form suffix, e. g. -ti for long infinitive, -l for past active participle and -i for imperative. The suffix is then followed by the ending, which is specific for each person/number/case. There are also free morphemes, such as 'pretend',  'make mistakes' or  'love'.

Conjugation
Only the present indicative, the imperative and the non-finite forms are usually formed synthetically, by changing the form of the verb directly. All other forms are periphrastic (analytic), and are formed using auxiliary verbs or other additional words.

Verbs are separated based on the ending vowel of their stem.

Present indicative
In present indicative, verbs have mostly the same endings across all declensions, but those following accentual type II D, III, IV, and some following II A can also have a special stylistically marked ending in third person plural. Those that have ending -ø-m have the infix -s- in second person plural and second / third person dual. The extra -e- is added to the endings when the verb stem ends in a consonant. This -e- causes changes to stems ending in -k- or -g- (which have an infinitive in -); these become -č- and -ž- before the present tense endings. The special ending in third person plural are always acute, but otherwise do not change the accent, except for the lengthening of short vowels. Verbs following II B, II C and III can be either acute or allow both accents in infinitive, but that does not affect the further accent changes. Verbs following II D, when accented on the same vowel on the stem as in infinitive also have the same accent. Dialectally, verbs in -ø-m can also omit the -s- infix, and it is common for speakers of Littoral dialect group to add the infix elsewhere, as well as to use the ending -do. Ending -o can also have some verbs in -ø-ti -e-m (those from Proto-Slavic accentual type a/c, and accentual type c if they had accent on a long vowel in the stem) e.g., , , as well as all vowels in -ø-ti -je-m, e. g..

Forms in brackets are not officially recognized to be correct in standard Slovene. All verbs in -i-m can archaically have short accent on the last syllable in dual and plural, as well as verb.

Imperative mood
The imperative mood is used to give commands, and only exists in the present tense. There are no forms for the third person plural, and use for first and third person singular and third person dual is stylistically marked.

The following endings are added to the present stem of a verb, to form the present indicative. If the present stem ends in -a-, the initial -i- of the ending changes to a -j-. Present stems ending with other vowels drop their final vowel. If the present stem ends in a vowel followed by -j-, then the initial -i- of the ending is omitted. The endings also cause changes to stems ending in -k- or -g- (which have an infinitive in -či); these become -c- and -z-, respectively before the imperative endings, although colloquially they keep the same consonants as in present indicative (-č- and -ž-, respectively). Verbs change accent in imperative based on the accent in infinitive and indicative, as well as where in the word the accent is:

 * Accentual type II A, circumflex indicative: singular is acute if the accent is not on the last syllable, otherwise it allows both accents, except final open-mid e, which is circumflex. In dual and plural, accent is circumflex if the accent is on the penultimate syllable, otherwise it is acute.
 * Accentual type II C and III, circumflex indicative: accent is circumflex if on the last syllable in singular and on the penultimate syllable in dual and plural, otherwise it is acute.
 * Accentual type II and III, cute indicative: singular is acute, but allows both accents on the last syllable. In dual and plural, accent is circumflex if the accent is on the penultimate syllable, otherwise it is acute.
 * Accentual type III, short accent in indicative: accent is acute, except on the penultimate syllable in dual and plural.
 * Accentual type IV: accent is acute except on the last syllable in singular and penultimate syllable in dual and plural, where it is circumflex.
 * Some acute verbs following accentual type I can in imperative follow II B (example, ). The accent therefore changes the same way as with those.
 * Acute verbs following accentual type III that are circumflex in passive participle and the accent is on the same syllable in indicative can be acute or circumflex (example ).
 * Verbs, and  change the accent irregularly.
 * All verbs that change the accentuated vowel, except accentual type III, are in many dialects always accentuated on the first vowel throughout.

Examples:

 * Pospravi svojo sobo. (Tidy your room.)
 * Pojdimo se igrat. (Let's play. Literally, Let's go playing)
 * Jaz delaj in garaj, ti pa boš zapravljal. (I should be working and toiling while you spend the money. – Such use is stylistically marked.)
 * Pa bodi po tvojem. ([Let] it be your way. – Such use is stylistically marked.)

Present active participles
There are two present active participles, which are used almost exclusively with imperfective verbs. They correspond to the English participle in -ing, and indicate ongoing or current action.

The first is an adjectival participle. It is formed by adding -eč to verbs with present stem in -i- or those ending in p/b/v + -e- or rarely any other consonant (which lose their final vowel), -joč to verbs with present stem in -a- (the vowel is kept, so -ajoč), and -oč to other verbs with present stem ending in -e-. It declines as a regular soft adjective with fixed accent and is compared periphrastically. Adverb ending in -če is used when the participle is adjectivalized. The accent is the same for all accentual types, however it is differentiated between different endings. The accent is always on the final o or e. o is long close-mid, but can be short in masculine singular nominative form when it is used as an adjective. e is short in masculine singular nominative form and long close-mid in others, but can also be long close-mid in all forms if not used as an adjective.

The accent is acute, except in masculine singular nominative form, where it allows both accents. Examples:

 * Otrok, ki joka, je jokajoč otrok. (A child that cries is a crying child.)
 * V sobo je vstopil glasno pojoč. (He entered the room singing loudly.)
 * Vprašanje ga je boleče prizadelo. (The question painfully hurt his feelings.)

The second is an adverbial participle. It was originally the nominative singular of the first participle, which had an irregular form. It is formed by removing -č from the first participle and changing -o to -e. For verbs whose infinitive stem ends in -ova-ti or -eva-ti and some in -a-ti -a-m/-e-m, infinitive stem is used instead. Verbs with present stem in -uje-m usually also take the infinitive verbal suffix, but archaic form is made with present suffix. Again, the accent depends fully on the type of ending and not on the accentual type. If the accent is on the last syllable, then it allows both accents, otherwise it is circumflex. Example:

 * Sede se je pretegnil. ([While] sitting, he stretched.)

Infinitives and supine
There are 2 verbal nouns: the infinitive, which can be long or short and the supine.

The long infinitive is the basic verb form found in dictionaries, and ends in -ti.

The supine and short infinitive are formed by dropping the last -i of the infinitive. Supine is used after verbs that designate motion. For example, the supine would be used in the following sentences (the supine has been put in bold):

 * V novi svet so odšli iskat bogastvo. (They went to the New World to seek fortune.)
 * Pojdi se solit. (Literally, Go salt yourself. This idiomatic statement is used to express annoyance or refusal)
 * Stekli smo pogasit ogenj. (We ran to put out the fire.)

When the infinitive or supine ending is attached to an infinitive stem ending in a consonant, that consonant may change, as follows: However, there is an accentual difference between short infinitive and supine. In addition, accent in supine is in some accentual types different between perfective and imperfective verbs. Short infinitive has the same accent as supine of perfective verbs, except for two irregular verbs detailed below. The accent is determined by the accentual type, as well as stem vowel and the position in a word:
 * -p-ti → -ps-ti (, tépem "beat")
 * -b-ti → -bs-ti (, grébem "scratch, scrape")
 * -d-ti → -s-ti (, sẹ̑dem "sit down")
 * -jd-ti → -j-ti (, nájdem "find (something lost)")
 * -t-ti → -s-ti (, plétem "braid")
 * -st-ti → -s-ti (, rástem "grow")
 * -z-ti → -s-ti (, grízem "bite, chew")
 * -g-ti → -č-i (, lẹ̑žem (lẹ́gel) "lie down")
 * -k-ti → -č-i (, réčem (rékel) "say")

Verbs in -č-ø-i usually have short infinitive and supine in -č-ø-ø, but some dialects add -t at the end, which is also common in colloquial speech. Some verbs in -a-ti following accentual type II A, II C or III can follow two subpatterns, which are also present in participle in -l. The first subpattern has long accent in supine of imperfective verbs and masculine nominative singular form of participle in -l. The second subpattern transfers the accent to the syllable before and only exists in accentual types II C and III. Verbs in -e-ti -i-m following accentual type III can also have either long close-mid or short open-mid vowel in short infinitive.
 * Supine is circumflex if the last syllable is accentuated, otherwise it is acute, except verbs that are circumflex in the infinitive – these are always circumflex.
 * Verbs following accentual type I, II B, II D and IV have acute accent on the stem on same syllable as long infinitive.
 * Other accentual types can have short accent on the last syllable, long accent on the last syllable or long accent on non-final syllable.
 * Verbs in -č-ø-i and j-ø-ti follow the same accentual changes as other -ø-ti, but the -st changes into -č and -jt, respectively. The examples given below are added just to illustrate those changes and not to have separate accent changes.

Past active participles
There are two kinds of past active participle, used with different functions.

The l-participle exists for all verbs, and is used mainly to form the past and future tense. It is further split into two categories; the descriptive l-participle is used only for analytical forms and therefore can only exist in nominative case and always has to appear with an auxiliary verb. The stative l-participle denotes a state of an object and can also be used as a stand-alone adjective, but not all verbs have it.

It is formed by adding -l to the infinitive stem. A fill vowel (schwa, -e-) is inserted in the masculine singular form when attached to verbs with an infinitive stem ending in a consonant. Stative l-participle can be the same as the descriptive l-participle ( → vrȅł/vrẹ́ł), but it sometimes changes to have a fill vowel ( → otŕpəł). The accent can also change between the two.

Accentually, masculine form has the same accent as imperfective verbs in supine, with the exception being verbs in -e-ti and accentual type II D, and the tone can also change. In feminine and neuter forms, short accent lengthens if short, and shifts in accentual types II B and II C.

Verbs in -e-ti, when the supine is accentuated on the last syllable, can have either long close-mid or short accent on e in masculine form. Verbs in -r-e-ti lose the e and the accent is on r. Verbs following accentual type II D have short accent on the last syllable.

Tone is determined by the tone in long infinitive and present indicative, as well as accent length and position in masculine form and accentual type. Based on the accent in masculine form, verbs can belong to one of three groups:

 * 1) Long accent on the last syllable
 * 2) Short accent on the last syllable
 * 3) Long accent that is not on the last syllable

Similarly to imperative, the accent of some verbs following accentual type I can also shift to the next syllable. In these forms, accentual changes are the same as for verbs following accentual type II C.

There are also exceptions; verbs in prefix + that do not have an alternative version ending in živiti (e. g. ) and verbs in prefix +, which may change to -jti (e. g. ) allow both accents in masculine form, the latter ones also in all other forms.

It further declines as a regular fixed or mobile accent adjective and is compared periphrastically. Other forms have the same accent as neuter gender.

Types where accent shifts between forms, however, can vary widely between dialects. Verbs following accentual type II A colloquially prefer to have fixed accent. Verbs in -i-ti can also have fixed accent on the first syllable.

Stative participles decline as regular hard adjectives with fixed accent and are compared periphrastically. Examples:
 * Videl sem. (I saw.)
 * Ob tej novici je prebledela. (Upon [hearing] the news, she became pale.)

The š-participle is also an adjectival participle, and is rarely used in modern Slovene and mostly as an adverb. It denotes completed action, and is equivalent to the English construct with having + past participle. It is formed by adding -vši to the infinitive stem. The ending is only -ši if the infinitive stem ends in a consonant. Accent is almost always circumflex and on the penultimate syllable, some can also have the same accent as l-participle (example vídeti). e before -vši is always close-mid, but o and e before -ši are the same as in l-participle.

The only example of š-participle used in modern Slovene is bȋvši, meaning "ex", but aside from that few other verbs have commonly used š-participle as an adjective. Examples:
 * Stopivši iz hiše, se je napotil v krčmo. (Having stepped out of the house, he headed to the pub.)
 * Prišedši gost se je usedel za mizo. (Having come guest sat down by the table.)

Past passive participle
This participle corresponds to the English participle in -ed or -en, and is an adjective that indicates a state of having undergone an action. It exists only for transitive verbs, and almost only if they are perfective. It is formed with two possible suffixes, -n or -t, but further formation is affected by stem, as well as accentual type. Similarly to l-participle, it is also divided into descriptive and stative passive participle.

Both accentual type and stem affect the accent position, which is marked with ˈ in the following table. If it is not marked, then it is on the same syllable on the stem as in long infinitive. All accents are long, except in -i-ti -i-m and es-ø-ti / os-ø-ti forms, as well as accentual type II D, which are short if marked.

Participle further declines as a regular fixed accent adjective and is compared periphrastically. When stem ending in a consonant is followed by j, it iotizes.

* These forms follow verbs ending in -r-e-ti (e. g., dȓt "gush, shout").

The t-participle is always circumflex, while n-participle is circumflex or acute, depending on the accentual type, and accent in infinitive and present indicative: Examples of this participle are:
 * Parkiran avto je bil ukraden. (The parked car was stolen.) (perhaps better in the active voice, "Parkiran avto so ukradli.")
 * Sodišče je sodilo obtoženemu roparju. (The court tried the accused robber.)
 * Spočit konj je čakal na dvorišču. (A rested horse was waiting on the yard.)

Gerund
Gerund is formed by adding an ending -je to the past passive participle. Accent position is the same as in the passive participle and accent is the same as in long infinitive, except when on -a-n-je or -e-n-je, when it becomes (apart from some irregularities) circumflex and acute, respectively. Some can also be archaically accented on the last syllable with a short accent. There are also some irregular gerunds, such as.

Gerund is also split into two categories, but most verbs can have both (i. e. is not one or the other as is the case with participles). There is the true gerund, which means an act of doing something, and objectified gerund , which means a thing being acted upon. Not all verbs also have objectified gerund.

Gerund declines as a regular soft o-stem nouns following first neuter declension, but some can be singularia tantum.

Negative forms
Three verbs,, , and have special negative forms in present indicative:

Future indicative
Only verbs and  have special future indicative forms. For bīti, this is the only correct way (but is colloquially also conjugated as other verbs), while īti can also be conjugated as other verbs.

Conditional
Verb also has a special form when used as an auxiliary verb in conditional mood and is the same for all genders and persons: bi. Full lexical verb therefore still has an analytical form bi bȉl. In an affirmative sentence, it is not stressed, however its negative forms can be accented either on or on bi (né bi or ne bȉ).

Aorist and imperfect
Standard Slovene lost both the aorist and the imperfect, which have been replaced by the preterite. These forms exist exclusively in the Resian dialect, but are slowly fading as well. In nowaday Resian, only the verbs bə̀t (SS ) "be", díwat (SS ) "give", dujájat (SS ) "keep up with", mé̤t (SS ), moré̤t (SS ) "be able", parájat (SS ) "come", and té̤t (SS hotẹ́ti) "want" still have imperfective forms, others are considered obsolete.

Only a few verbs also have an aorist, and all of these forms are considered obsolete as they cannot be understood by most people anymore. There are only three such documented forms:

Aorist and imperfect have been in use in other dialects until the 15th century and vowel clusters in imperfect have already been contracted then.
 * hardúh (SS from ) "(I) have gone"
 * pridúh (SS from ) "(I) have come"
 * vzê (SS from ) "(you) have taken / (he/she/it) has taken"

Analytical forms
Forms given here are in the way they appear in a typical sentence. However, in the dictionary form, lexical verb is first and then everything else, except in negative forms (e. g. naj bi bil delal → delal naj bi bil)

Past indicative
The past (or preterite) indicative is used to indicate events that occurred in the past. Modern Slovene does not distinguish the past tense ("saw") from the perfect tense ("have seen"); this distinction was common in Alpine Slovene when aorist served the past tense form.

It is formed with the auxiliary verb (to be) in the present tense, plus the l-participle of the verb. The participle must agree with the subject in number and gender. For example:

 * sem videl (I saw, said by a male)
 * sem videla (I saw, said by a female)
 * je odšla (she went)
 * so odkrili (they discovered)

Pluperfect indicative
The pluperfect indicative is used to indicate an action that occurred before some other future action. It is rarely used in colloquial speech, where it is replaced by the past tense.

It is formed as though it were the past tense of the past tense: the auxiliary verb (to be) in the present tense, plus the l-participle of the verb biti (to be), plus the l-participle of the verb. The participles must agree with the subject in number and gender. For example:

 * sem bil videl (I had seen, said by a male)
 * sem bila videla (I had seen, said by a female)
 * je bila odšla (she had gone)
 * so bili odkrili (they had discovered)

Future indicative
The future indicative tense is used to state events that will happen in the future.

The verb biti (to be) has its own unique set of future tense forms, with the stem bo-. Other verbs are usually formed using biti in the future tense, plus the l-participle of the verb. The participle must agree with the subject in number and gender. For example:

Dialectally, is used in future indicative as an auxiliary verb, followed by infinitive.
 * videl bom (I will see, said by a male)
 * videla bom (I will see, said by a female)
 * odšla bo (she will go)
 * bodo odkrili (they will discover)

Conditional mood
The conditional mood is used to express desires, wishes, and hypothetical (often impossible) conditions.

The present conditional is formed using the special particle bi, plus the l-participle of the lexical verb. The past conditional is rarely used, like the pluperfect, and is formed analogously: the particle bi, plus l-participle of the verb biti (to be), plus the l-participle of the verb. Examples of the conditional mood are:

In the 18th century, future conditional was also rarely used, which was formed by bom bil + l-participle, e. g. bom bil baral (If I asked [in the future]). Such use has only been recorded to be in active voice.
 * Če bi mi postalo slabo, mi, prosim, podajte tiste tablete. (Literally: If it became sick to me, to me, I kindly ask, pass those pills.; If I should become sick, kindly pass me those pills.)
 * V primeru, da bi prišlo do požara, bomo umrli. (Should there be a fire, we would die.)
 * Če bi (bili) končali prej, bi bili zdaj prosti. (If we had finished earlier, we would be free now.)
 * Želi si, da bi bil maneken, vendar s svojimi obraznimi nečistočami nima možnosti. (He wishes that he were a model, but with his facial impurities, he has no chance.)
 * O, da bi bila jesen! (O, if only it were autumn!) (literary)
 * O, ko bi le bila jesen! (O, if only it were autumn!)

Optative
An additional kind of imperative, which may be called the optative or hortative, is formed by using the particle (ne) with the indicative or conditional. This acts as a substitute for the imperative in the third person and other tenses as well. It is usually not translated as 'may', because nowadays use is closer to the imperative, so a more appropriate word would be 'should'. However, this kind of form has many uses, so it may also sometimes be translated as 'let' or with passive voice.

 * On naj mi pride pomagat. (He should come to help me.)
 * Pa naj bo po tvojem. (Let it be your way.)
 * Naj ti povem, kako se je zgodilo. (Let me tell you, how it happened.)
 * A naj je bil še tako utrujen, je dospel do cilja. (But let him be so tired, he reached the finish [line]).
 * Ta proces naj bi povzročale glivice. (This process is thought to be caused by fungi.)

Negative forms
It is formed by simply adding in front of the verb, only naj is before. In dictionary forms, the lexical verbs is in last place, except where it combines with the auxiliary verb:

 * Nas ni nihče vprašal. (Noone asked us.)(lit. Noone has not asked us.)
 * Ne bi ga rad srečal. (I would not like to meet him.)
 * Bolje je ne delati kot delati škodo. (It is better not to work than to do (lit. work) harm.)
 * Delal nisem nič manj kot drugi. (I have not worked any less than others.)

Passive & reflexive voice
The passive voice is formed using the passive past participle of the verb and auxiliary verbs. Reflexive voice is formed by turning a verb into a reflexive verb, by adding the reflexive pronoun to the verb. Passive and reflexive voice is formed as shown in this table: An example of the passive voice is:

 * Izvoljen je bil za člana Kraljeve družbe (He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society).

However, this is more commonly stated using the active voice with an impersonal form of the third person plural (like English "impersonal they"):

 * Izvolili so ga za člana Kraljeve družbe (They elected him a fellow of the Royal Society).

Full conjugation of a regular verb
The following table presents full conjugation of a regular verb dẹ́lati:

title: Slovene verbs


text:
Toyota JZ engine

The Toyota JZ engine family is a series of inline-6 automobile engines produced by Toyota Motor Corporation. As a replacement for the M-series inline-6 engines, the JZ engines were 24-valve DOHC engines in 2.5- and 3.0-litre versions.

1JZ
The 2492 cc 1JZ version was produced from 1990 to 2007 (last sold in the Mark II Blit Wagon and Crown Athlete). Cylinder bore and stroke is 86x71.5 mm. It is a 24-valve DOHC engine with two belt-driven camshafts and a dual-stage intake manifold.

1JZ-GE

The 1JZ-GE is a common version, with a 10:1 compression ratio. Output for the early non-turbo, non-VVT-i (1990–1996) 1JZ-GE was 170 PS at 6000 rpm and 173 lbft at 4800 rpm. VVT-i variable valve timing was added in 1995, for an output of 200 PS at 6000 rpm and 185 lbft at 4000 rpm.

The exterior design of the 1JZ-GE would later be reused with the 2JZ-GE in 1991, which shared most of its parts with the 1JZ-GE. The non-turbo, non-VVT-i 1JZ-GE is a non-interference engine.

Applications:
 * Mark II
 * Chaser
 * Cresta
 * Crown
 * Soarer

Like all JZ-series engines, the early 1JZ-GE is designed for longitudinal mounting and rear-wheel-drive. All of these models only came with a 4-speed automatic transmission; no manual gearbox option was offered.

1JZ-GTE

The 1JZ-GTE is a twin-turbocharged version of the 1JZ, produced from 1990 to 2007. The first generation 1JZ-GTE employs twin CT12A turbochargers arranged in parallel and blowing through a side-mount or front mount air-to-air intercooler. With an 8.5:1 static compression ratio, the factory quoted power and torque outputs are 280 PS at 6200 rpm and 363 Nm at 4800 rpm. The bore and stroke are the same as for the 1JZ-GE: bore × stroke is 86x71.5 mm. In 1991, the 1JZ-GTE was slotted into the all-new Soarer GT.

The early generation 1JZ-GTEs combined the inherent smoothness of an inline 6-cylinder engine with the revving capacity of its short stroke and early power delivery of its small, ceramic wheeled turbochargers. The ceramic turbine wheels are prone to delamination in the setting of high impeller rpm and local temperature conditions, usually a result of higher boost. The first generation 1JZs were even more prone to turbo failure due to there being a faulty one-way valve on the head, specifically on the intake cam cover causing blow-by gases to go into the intake manifold. On the exhaust side, a decent amount of oil vapor flows into the turbos causing premature wear on the seals. The later second generation engines had this problem fixed. In Japan, there was a recall made in order to repair the first generation engines, however this does not apply to 1JZs imported into other countries.

The third generation of the 1JZ-GTE was introduced around 1996, still as a 2.5-litre turbo, but with Toyota's BEAMS architecture. This included a reworked head, newly developed continuously variable valve timing mechanism (VVT-i), modified water jackets for improved cylinder cooling and newly developed shims with a titanium nitride coating for reduced cam friction. The turbo setup changed from parallel twin turbo (CT12A x2) to a single turbo (CT15B). The single turbo is in part made more efficient by the use of smaller exhaust ports in the head, this allows the escaping exhaust gasses to have more velocity as they exit the head, which in turn, spools the turbo faster and at lower RPM.The adoption of VVT-i and the improved cylinder cooling allowed the compression ratio to be increased from 8.5:1 to 9.0:1. Even though the official power figures remained at 280 PS at 6200 rpm, torque was increased by 20 Nm to 379 Nm at 2400 rpm. These improvements resulted in increased engine efficiency that reduced fuel consumption by 10%. The adoption of VVTi, a much higher efficiency single turbocharger than the twins as well as different manifold and exhaust ports were responsible for most of the 50% torque increase at low engine speeds. This engine was used primarily in Toyota's X chassis cars (Chaser, Mark II, Cresta, Verossa, Blit), the Crown Athlete V (JZS171) and in the later JZZ30 Soarer, as the JZA70 Supra had long been discontinued at this time.

Applications:
 * Toyota Chaser/Cresta/Mark II 2.5GT Twin Turbo (JZX81)
 * Toyota Chaser/Cresta/Mark II Tourer V/Roulant G (JZX90, JZX100)
 * Toyota Mark II iR-V (JZX110)
 * Toyota Mark II Blit iR-V (JZX110W)
 * Toyota Soarer 2.5 GT-T(JZZ30)
 * Toyota Supra MK III 2.5 Twin Turbo (R) (JZA70)
 * Toyota Verossa VR25 (JZX110)
 * Toyota Crown Athlete V (JZS171)

1JZ-FSE
Around 2000, Toyota introduced what are quite probably the least-recognized members of the JZ engine family: the FSE direct injection variants. These FSE 1JZ and 2JZ engines are aimed at achieving minimal emissions and fuel consumption together with no loss of performance.

The 2.5-litre 1JZ-FSE employs the same block as the conventional 1JZ-GE; however, the design of the cylinder head is unique. The ‘D4’ FSE employs a relatively narrow angle cylinder head with swirl control valves that serve to improve combustion efficiency. This is necessary to run at extremely lean air-fuel ratios around 20 to 40:1 at certain engine load and revs. Not surprisingly, fuel consumption is reduced by around 20 percent (when tested in the Japanese 10/15 urban mode). Normal unleaded fuel is enough to cope with the FSE's 11:1 compression ratio.

The direct injection version of the 1JZ generates 147 kW and 250 Nm – virtually the same as the conventional VVT-i 1JZ-GE. The 1JZ-FSE is always used with an automatic transmission.

Applications:
 * Mark II
 * Mark II Blit
 * Brevis
 * Progres
 * Verossa
 * Crown

2JZ
The 2997 cc 2JZ was produced from 1991 (first released in the 1991 Toyota Aristo) to 2007. Cylinder bore and stroke is 86x86 mm. VVT-i variable valve timing was first introduced in 1995 starting with the 2JZ-GE, but did not come to the 2JZ-GTE and the US-market 2JZ-GE engines until mid-1997 for the 1998 model year onwards. This engine is not merely a stroked version of the 1JZ (although they share a common bore size, bore pitch, and general architecture), but has a taller block deck and longer connecting rods to accommodate the 14.5 mm stroke increase.

2JZ-GE
The 2JZ-GE is a common version. Output is 215 - 230 PS at 5800 to 6000 rpm and 209 - 220 lbft of torque at 4800 to 5800 rpm.

It uses Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection, has an aluminium head and 4 valves per cylinder, along with a cast-iron cylinder block. VVT-i was first introduced to the engines in 1995. The VVT-i version also featured DIS as opposed to the traditional distributor set-up previously seen on the 1JZ-GE. Despite the common misconception, it was not a true COP (Coil-On-Plug, also known as Plug-top coil) ignition system, instead relying on one coil to fire two cylinders, one of which was by spark plug wire.

Applications:
 * Toyota Altezza AS 300/Lexus IS 300
 * Toyota Aristo/Lexus GS 300
 * Toyota Crown/Crown Majesta
 * Toyota Mark II/Chaser/Cresta
 * Toyota Origin
 * Toyota Progres
 * Toyota Soarer/Lexus SC 300
 * Toyota Supra

2JZ-GTE

The 2JZ-GTE is an inline-layout, six-cylinder, belt-driven dual overhead camshaft, air-intercooled, twin-turbocharged, cast-iron block, aluminium cylinder head engine designed and manufactured by Toyota Motor Corporation that was produced from 1991 to 2002 in Japan. It originally powered the Toyota Aristo V (JZS147) in 1991 before becoming Toyota's flagship performance engine in the Toyota Supra RZ (JZA80) in 1993.

Development and evolution of the engine was, principally, a response to Nissan's relatively new and then-successful RB26DETT engine, which had achieved much success in FIA Group A and Group N touring car championships.

Its mechanical basis was of the existing 2JZ-GE, but differed in its use of sequential twin turbochargers and an air-to-air side-mounted intercooler. The engine block, crankshaft, and connecting rods of the Supra's 2JZ-GE and 2JZ-GTE are the same, with notable differences being that the 2JZ-GTE has recessed piston tops (giving a lower compression ratio), oil spray nozzles to aid in cooling the pistons and a different head (redesigned inlet/exhaust ports, cams and valves). Toyota's VVT-i variable valve timing technology was added to the engine beginning in September 1997, and hence it phased out production of the original engine in Japan. Consequently, maximum torque and horsepower was raised for engines selling in all markets. The later 2JZ-GE VVT-i equipped models (Aristo, Altezza and Mark II) shared a different part number for weaker connecting rods.

The addition of twin turbochargers, jointly developed by Toyota with Hitachi, in sequential configuration had raised its commercially cited output from 230 PS to the contemporary industry maximum of 280 PS at 5600 rpm. In its first appearance, torque was advertised as 44.3 kgm at 4000 rpm to be later recited as 46 kgm with the introduction of VVT-i in production year 1997. The mutually agreed, industry-wide output ceiling was enforced by Japan's now-defunct Gentlemen's Agreement exclusively between Japanese automakers selling to the Japanese domestic market. Engine power in the North American and European markets, as documented by Toyota, was increased to 320 hp at 5600 rpm.

The export version of the 2JZ-GTE achieved its higher power output with the use of newer stainless steel turbochargers (ceramic for Japanese models), revised camshafts, and larger injectors (550 cc/min for export, 440 cc/min for Japanese). The mechanical similarities between the Japanese-specification CT20 turbine and export-specification CT12B turbine allow interchangeability of the exhaust-side propeller shaft. Additionally, the export-exclusive CT12B turbine received more durable turbine housings and stainless steel turbine and impeller fins. Multiple variants of the Japanese CT20 turbine exist discretely, which are identified with the B, R, and A part number suffixes (e.g.: CT20A).

For all road car applications, two gearboxes were available for the engine:
 * Toyota A340E 4-speed automatic
 * Toyota V160 and V161 6-speed manual (jointly developed with Getrag as the Type 233)

Applications:
 * Toyota Aristo 3.0V JZS147 (Japan-only)
 * Toyota Aristo V300 JZS161 (Japan-only)
 * Toyota Supra RZ/Turbo JZA80

2JZ-FSE
Around 2000, Toyota introduced what are quite probably the least-recognized members of the JZ engine family: the FSE direct injection variants. These FSE 1JZ and 2JZ engines are aimed at achieving minimal emissions and fuel consumption together with no loss of performance.

The 3.0-litre 2JZ-FSE uses the same direct injection principle as the smaller 1JZ-FSE but runs an even higher 11.3:1 compression ratio. This engine features narrow angle cylinder heads with swirl control valves improving combustion efficiency (similar to the 1JZ-FSE) and weighs about 440 lb. The 2JZ-FSE matches the conventional VVT-i 2JZ-GE with 162 kW and 294 Nm of torque. The 2JZ-FSE is always used with an automatic transmission.

Applications:
 * Toyota Brevis
 * Toyota Progres
 * Toyota Crown (S170)
 * Toyota Crown Majesta (S170)

title: Toyota JZ engine


text:
Template talk:Interstates

Making N-S and E-W Interstates Clearer
In the Interstate System, the N-S highway designations are odd numbers (1, 3, 5, etc.) and the E-W designations use even numbers (2, 4, 6), etc. It would be helpful in addition to highlighting the major highways if the Odd and Even numbers were broken out from each other. By breaking this down better, it should help folks find their highway faster by reducing the sifting of irrelevancies. -- Srwalden (talk) 14:50, 25 October 2018 (UTC)

 * I believe this proposal is valid and adds a meaningful split to the list without introducing unnecessary complexity. I am willing to make the edit shortly, seeing as there hasn't been enough interest in nearly four years in dissenting to this proposal. Previous attempts to edit the list seem to have been reverted due to the attempts making more granular highway splits based on major-minor distinctions, and this proposal does not affect the way major highways are displayed, so I don't see this proposal being at odds with that. Tklalmighty (talk) 01:51, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Actually, it isn't really needed. You have enough diagonals where you have to decide is I-26 really east–west even though it's more north–south, etc.  Imzadi 1979  →   01:58, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Considering all the interstates are signed specifically as E-W or N-S, I don't see how there's ambiguity there. For example, I-85, despite being decidedly NE-to-SW in its route, is very unambiguously signed N-S through its entire length. If we claim ambiguity for highways like I-85 and I-26, it's a slippery slope to claiming ambiguity for any highway that doesn't go due N-S or due E-W.
 * Now I see you reverted the edit. When was the split list actually done before, in the way that we've done it? Correct me if I'm wrong, but I haven't seen a single past edit that does it in the way we did it. The previous edit I believe you may be citing also only splits out major highways, which I think we all agree is sufficiently denoted with the highlights, and it did not do a sufficiently good job of denoting which highways are N-S and which ones are E-W.
 * Having the distinction between E-W and N-S highways is valuable in that presents the highways in the two intuitive lists in which they present in the real world, one consisting of generally north-south odd-numbered highways, generally progressing from west to east; and another consisting of generally east-west even-numbered highways, generally progressing from south to north. Given the sources present in Interstate Highway System, it is also worth noting that this is not an arbitrary split; this is, in fact, the intended motive behind the numbering system.
 * Further, why is the reverted one list that merges the E-W and N-S highways better? The problem I see with the list in its unified form is that it forces readers who may be looking for highways signed as N-S (or, as a more specific example, for adjacent N-S highways to the one they are currently reading) to discern which among all highways is actually N-S. One can obviously do that programmatically based on the highway number, but that is extra brainwork and requires prior knowledge of how the interstates are numbered. To readers who don't even know about that distinction, having a single list unnecessarily obfuscates that tangible detail, without providing any hint. At risk of putting words in @Srwalden's mouth, I think we're both seeing that extra brainwork as a sign of an insufficiently organized list. Tklalmighty (talk) 03:15, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * If such organization were truly superior, why is List of Interstate Highways not separated as such? I think you overstate the distinction, and I don't think it's really as necessary as you think.  Imzadi 1979  →   03:26, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't think I'm overstating the distinction. After all, it's even described in the opening paragraph of the page you linked. It's also described in greater detail on the main Interstate Highway System page. It's relevant, and I don't see any reason why it isn't a useful addition and improvement to the template.
 * FWIW, I'd be for adding a column on that list to indicate the highway's signed direction too. Tklalmighty (talk) 03:44, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Fun thing: H-1 and H-3 are signed east–west, and H-2 is signed north–south. In any case, I just don't think that the navbox is the right place for that, and I'd oppose the addition of that column.  Imzadi 1979  →   04:05, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I got that one correct in my edit to the template.
 * Again, it's one of those things where the extra context is unnecessarily implicit, and requires only a reasonably low lift to highlight. Maybe I've missed it, but I've still yet to see any justification for why the status quo is the better of the two options. To wit, if E-W and N-S is not relevant enough for the navbox, then why aren't major-minor distinctions not relevant enough for highlighting in the navbox? The fact that the relatively short I-45 is considered "major" seems less pertinent to the average reader's usage of the navbox than the fact that there is a general pattern in the numbering of the highways.
 * Barring further dissent from others, I don't see why we shouldn't move forward. Tklalmighty (talk) 04:31, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * With a template like this - it is best to discuss and to not barge ahead with changes as there has been years (over a decade) of discussion and the way it stands right now is as a result of that. Personally I am opposed because if one doesn't know if a route is east or west, then they may have to look on both lists. --Rschen7754 04:36, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Per WP:BRD I don't think attempting the change made was problematic, and one could argue per WP:ROWN that the edit was not worthy of reversion in the first place. I fail to see any previous discussion here on why this proposal doesn't work. I only saw a proposal here from @Srwalden which I agreed with, one I had also independently been thinking about from my own browsing, and one that appeared to go without dissent here for nearly four years; and to that end I made a small and targeted change to the template that I believe improves the organization on the template without any significantly substantial tradeoff. It's also the only substantial comment made here in about a decade, so I'm not sure I agree that the presentation of the template has adequately been tested.
 * Further, please show me how I'm wrong here, but this edit is substantially different from any of the previous attempts to improve this template; most previous attempts seemed more concerned with the visual representation of the lists of highways (i.e. grid vs. table) than how to intuitively split the highways into lists in the first place; while the rest of them deal more directly with the major-minor interstate distinction, the presentation of which I do not touch in my change.
 * As to your concern over the organization, I'm not sure I see the tradeoff of the reader not seeing their desired highway on the first row as outweighing the tradeoff of the reader potentially being unaware of such a fundamental differentiation when working through the navbox in the first place. If that were the case, then you could, for instance, reason a parallel argument that the teams on Template:NFL should be sorted alphabetically and not grouped by division and conference. Tklalmighty (talk) 22:59, 3 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Interstates


text:
Talk:Al Michaels

Untitled
Did anybody else here play Hardball on PC with Al Michaels? That was so much fun, but his commentary was very limited. "Welcome to Hardball, I'm Al Michaels!" Micah 08:00, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Clean-up Needed!
what race / nationality is Michaels? what is his ethenticity?
 * He's Jewish. JackO'Lantern 08:06, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

This article contains just one cited source, which itself, amiannoying.com, is questionable.

The NPOV of the Monday Night Football section is also questioned with the comment about Dennis Miller's stint on MNF being "a bust." Couldn't there be verified public opinions to support this statement? Author782 03:23, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Best check the dates here .. you have Al being born in '56 and graduating high school in '62.

Fair use rationale for Image:Al Michaels 1987 World Series.JPG
Image:Al Michaels 1987 World Series.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:14, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:McCarver, Michaels, Palmer 1989 World Series.JPG
Image:McCarver, Michaels, Palmer 1989 World Series.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:50, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

family members may not be notable
Perhaps we should not include their names unless there is a notability reason. As private people, perhaps this should not be prominently displayed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.30.122.246 (talk • contribs) 14:31, 21 December 2014 (UTC)

NBC
After Al was cut for the 2024 playoffs, doesn’t it mean he doesn’t work for NBC anymore? That’s his last NBC job 2601:644:9200:CBB0:857D:EF66:1505:CF6C (talk) 05:21, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Al Michaels


text:
Corylus maxima

Corylus maxima, the filbert, is a species of hazel in the birch family Betulaceae, native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, from the Balkans to Ordu in Turkey.

It is a deciduous shrub 6 - 10 m tall, with stems up to 20 cm thick. The leaves are rounded, 5 – long by 4–10 cm broad, with a coarsely double-serrated margin. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins produced in late winter; the male (pollen) catkins are pale yellow, 5–10 cm long, while the female catkins are bright red and only 1–3 mm long. The fruit is a nut produced in clusters of 1–5 together; each nut is 1.5–2.5 cm long, fully enclosed in a 3–5 cm long, tubular involucre (husk).

The filbert is similar to the related common hazel, C. avellana, differing in having the nut more fully enclosed by the tubular involucre. This feature is shared by the beaked hazel C. cornuta of North America, and the Asian beaked hazel C. sieboldiana of eastern Asia.

Uses
The filbert nut is edible, and is very similar to the hazelnut (cobnut). Its main use in the United States is as large filler (along with peanuts as small filler) in most containers of mixed nuts. Filberts are sometimes grown in orchards for the nuts, but much less often than the common hazel.

The purple-leaved cultivar Corylus maxima 'Purpurea' is a popular ornamental shrub in gardens.

Language
In Oregon, "filbert" is used for commercial hazelnuts in general. Use in this manner has faded partly due to the efforts of Oregon's hazelnut growers to brand their product to better appeal to global markets and avoid confusion.

The etymology for 'filbert' may trace to Norman French. Saint Philibert's feast day is 20 August (old style) and the plant was possibly renamed after him because the nuts were mature on this day.

title: Corylus maxima