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Royal Yorkshire Regiment

The Royal Yorkshire Regiment (14th/15th, 19th and 33rd/76th Foot) (abbreviated R YORKS ) is an infantry regiment of the British Army, created by the amalgamation of three historic regiments in 2006. It lost one battalion as part of the Army 2020 defence review. The regiment's recruitment area covers the ceremonial counties of the East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire; areas near Barnsley are recruitment area for the Rifles.

Formation
The regiment's formation was announced on 16 December 2004 by Geoff Hoon and General Sir Mike Jackson as part of the restructuring of the infantry. It was formed from the merger of three regular battalions, plus a reserve battalion:

 * 1st Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's Own) (previously: 1st Battalion, Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire)
 * 2nd Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment (Green Howards) (previously: 1st Battalion, Green Howards)
 * 3rd Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment (Duke of Wellington's) (previously: 1st Battalion, The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding)
 * 4th Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment (previously: Prince of Wales's Own company of The East and West Riding Regiment, Green Howards company from the Tyne-Tees Regiment and two companies of The Duke of Wellington's Regiment from The East and West Riding Regiment), all formerly titled and known as The Yorkshire Volunteers.

The regiment was officially formed on 6 June 2006. The reserve "Territorial Army" (as it was then known) battalion re-badged in TA Centres on the same day, but later paraded publicly to re-badge on 10 June 2006 in the Museum Gardens, York. That same afternoon, representatives of the affiliated Army Cadet Forces and Combined Cadet Forces detachments (approx 50) re-badged in Imphal Barracks, York.

The Duke of York was appointed as Colonel-in-Chief and the 8th Duke of Wellington as Deputy Colonel-in-Chief, by the Queen.

The four battalions of the regiment were presented with new Queens and Regimental Colours at a parade in Imphal Barracks, York, to replace the antecedent regiments' former colours, on 18 June 2010. The 'honorary' set of colours carried by the 3rd Battalion (Duke of Wellington's) was paraded by the battalion. The new colours of all four battalions were later paraded through the streets of York from Cliffords Tower to York Minster.

As part of the Army 2020 reorganisation, in July 2012 an announcement was made that the Yorkshire Regiment would be reduced to two regular battalions, with the 2nd Battalion (Green Howards) disbanded and its soldiers dispersed to the remainder of the regiment on completion of their Cyprus tour in the autumn of 2013.

However, on 25 January 2013 the Colonel of the Regiment, Major General Graham Binns, announced instead a change in the order of battle: the 2nd Battalion was merged into the 1st and 3rd Battalions; the 1st Battalion was then renumbered as the 2nd Battalion and the 3rd Battalion was renumbered as the 1st Battalion. He also announced that they would dispense with the antecedent regiments' historical titles.

On 13 January 2022, the Duke of York returned his military affiliation with the regiment to the Queen.

On 6 April 2023, The Yorkshire Regiment was granted Royal status with immediate effect by King Charles III, changing the regiment's name to the "Royal Yorkshire Regiment".

Iraq 2006–2007
The deployment of 1 YORKS (Prince of Wales's Own) Battle Group to Basra, Iraq in November 2006 was the first major operational deployment for the Yorkshire Regiment. A Company, under command of Major Richard Hall were based initially in Basra Palace with responsibility from Abu Al Kasib to the whole Al-Faw Peninsula, before moving to Shaibah Logistics Base and being charged with handing over security responsibilities of the base to the Iraqi Army. B Company, under command of Major Dan Bradbury, were based in Shiaba Logistics Base and had responsibility for Az Zubayr, whilst C Company were detached to 2nd Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment in the COB. During Op Telic 9 Private Luke Simpson of A Company, from Howden, East Riding of Yorkshire, was killed, becoming the regiment's first operational fatality. Two members of the 1st Battalion, Major Ian Crowley of C Company, of Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire and Captain Ibrar Ali of A Company, were awarded the Military Cross.

Afghanistan 2007–2008
The 2nd Battalion (Green Howards) of the regiment were deployed to the Helmand Province of Afghanistan in September, 2007 in an 'Operational Mentoring and Liaison' role with the Afghan National Army. Whilst there they took part in the Battle of Musa Qala during which Sgt Lee Johnson was killed shortly after 10am on 8 December 2007, in the lead up to the operation to retake the town from the Taliban forces, after his Vector armoured vehicle ran over a landmine. Sgt Johnson had previously received a MID for assisting his company commander, Major Jake Little, in extracting soldiers who were surrounded by Taliban fighters. Major Little was later awarded a Military Cross for his "inspirational leadership" to extract his men. Acting Sergeant John Cockburn was also awarded a Military Cross for his actions in the same tour of duty.

The 2nd Battalion (Green Howards) returned to their barracks in Weeton, Lancashire during April, 2008 and were presented with their service medals at a parade there on 30 April 2008 by Major General Andrew Farquhar, Honorary Colonel of the Battalion, along with Brigadier Andrew Mackay, of 52 Infantry Brigade, and Brigadier Mike Griffiths, of 42 (North West) Brigade.

Kosovo 2008–2009
B Company Group of 1st Battalion (Prince of Wales Own) deployed for six-months on Op OCULUS(K) as the last UK Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance Task Force (ISR TF). They presided over the immediate aftermath of the Kosovo's declaration of independence.

Iraq 2008–2009
In November 2008, elements of the 1st Battalion (Prince of Wales's Own) redeployed to Iraq on Op Telic 13. In May 2009, 'A Company' of the 1st Battalion (Prince of Wales Own) handed over their Iraq British military HQ protection duties, in Baghdad, to Alma Company of the 3rd Battalion (Duke of Wellington's). Alma Company were subsequently amongst the last British soldiers to leave Iraq at the end of July 2009.

Afghanistan 2009–2010
Over 130 members of the 3rd Battalion (Duke of Wellington's) deployed in July 2009 as Battle Casualty Replacements to various other British regiments in Helmand Province. Burma Company of the 3rd Battalion (Duke of Wellington's) deployed to Afghanistan in August 2009 and were then followed by members of Corunna Company. 18-year-old Pte Jonathon Young, of Burma Company, was killed by an Improvised explosive device in Sangin, on Thursday 20 August, three weeks after arriving in Afghanistan. A serjeant, from the 2nd Battalion The Rifles, 29-year-old Serjeant Paul McAleese, was killed when he went to the assistance of Pte Young.

On 1 February 2010, 22-year-old Corporal Liam Riley, of Sheffield, and 27-year-old Lance Corporal Graham Shaw, of Golcar in Huddersfield were killed by separate IED's, Malgir, near Gereshk in Helmand Province, whilst on base security foot patrols. Both soldiers, from Corunna Company of the 3rd Battalion (Duke of Wellington's), were attached to the 1st Battalion Coldstream Guards, as Battle Casualty Replacements. Prince Harry had trained with Cpl Riley at Suffield in Canada and paid tribute to him in a news release.

The 2nd Battalion (Green Howards), plus 60 members of the 4th Battalion, deployed with 11th Light Brigade in September 2009 for a seven-month posting in Op Herrick XI as the OMLT Battle Group. Their actions featured in a series of Newsnight programmes shown both during the deployment and after their return, which focused on OMLT 2 in Sangin under Major Rob Palfrey. Two members of the Battalion were awarded the Military Cross, Lieutenant Colin Lunn of Doncaster, and Acting Corporal Andrew Wardle of Hetton-le-Hole in Sunderland. In addition, Sergeant John Swithenbank and Corporal John Hardman received the Queen's Gallantry Medal.

On 23 June 2010, 26-year-old Lance Corporal David Ramsden of Otley, who was serving with the 1st Battalion The Mercian Regiment, was killed. The NCO from 1st Battalion (Prince of Wales Own) was serving as part of the Police Advisory Team which was tasked to respond to an incident at a checkpoint near Gereshk in Helmand Province, when the Ridgeback armoured vehicle he was travelling in rolled into a waterway. He was killed alongside colleagues Colour Sergeant Martyn Simon Horton, Private Douglas Niall Halliday and Private Alex Isaac.

Afghanistan 2011–2012
In October 2011, 500 members of the 1st Battalion (Prince of Wales Own) were deployed to Helmand province in Afghanistan for a six-month tour in support of the 20th Armoured Brigade, their first deployment to Afghanistan as a complete battalion. The battalion was split up for the deployment, with A Company working with 3rd Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland, B and C Companies with the Danish Army, and the Brigade Headquarters providing staff for Headquarters Task Force Helmand. 1 YORKS soldiers formed the Brigade Reconnaissance Force with members of 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards. Soldiers from 1st Battalion were reported to have been involved in 'high tempo' patrol operations alongside the Afghanistan police force. B Company serving as part of the Danish Battle Group in the Nahr-e Saraj (North) area of operations, patrolled aggressively into several contested areas. On 1 December 2011 the Battalion was involved in a dawn raid on a suspected IED factory. On 1 January 2012 Private John King was killed in an explosion while on a foot patrol in Nahr-e Saraj, on 27 January Lance Corporal Gajbahadur Gurung of the Royal Gurkha Rifles was killed while serving with 1 YORKS in the Nahr-e Saraj district.

On 6 March 2012, six members of Corunna company, 3rd Battalion (Duke of Wellington's) were killed in the Lashkar Gah Durai region after their Warrior Armoured vehicle was struck by an improvised explosive device.

On 29 April 2012, the 3 YORKS Battle Group took over responsibility of Nahr-e Saraj (South), Helmand province from the 5th Battalion, the Rifles. On the 3 June 2012 Private Gregg Thomas Stone of Burma Company, 3 YORKS was killed in Nahr-e Saraj during an operation to apprehend a group of insurgents who had abducted a member of the Afghan Police. On 15 September 2012, Sergeant Gareth Thursby and Private Thomas Wroe of the 3rd Battalion were killed in Nahr-e Saraj by a rogue Afghan police officer.

Kenya 2013
In February 2013, 16 soldiers serving with the reconnaissance platoon of 1st Battalion (Prince of Wales Own), staged a mutiny whilst on a training exercise in Kenya. Led by Corporal Anthony Brown, they staged a sit down strike in front of 1,000 people. Each soldier refused to stand up when individually commanded to do so. As they went through their drills, a ringleader shouted 'sit down' and the dissenters dropped to ground. Commanders ordered each man in turn to stand up but were ignored. The soldiers had clashed with their newly appointed commanding officers whom they accused of excessive drinking, complaining they were "being led by muppets". At courts martial, in December 2013, the soldiers pleaded guilty to disobeying a lawful command. Cpl Brown was sentenced to 60 days imprisonment and a dishonourable discharge. The prosecutor, Col. Clive Whitwham, said: 'There was a feeling they were not being appreciated, that they were not being well managed. 'The platoon was said to have worked well in Afghanistan. There was said to have been a perception that they had got a little too big for their boots.' The soldiers defence Jonathan Lynch, said: 'This is not a case of inflated egos but a case of mismanagement.' Two lance corporals were reduced to the rank of private, with 60 days imprisonment and the Private soldiers were each given 40 days imprisonment.

Regimental Battalion changes, July 2013
The 3rd Battalion (Duke of Wellington's) laid up its Regulation Colours on 20 July 2013, at Halifax Minster, following a series of 'Freedom Parades' during the preceding week. On 25 July there was a parade at the 3rd Battalion barracks, in Warminster, the Colonel in Chief, the Duke of York, exchanged the Colours between the Battalions.

Iraq 2014
In October 2014 the UK Ministry of Defence confirmed that a team of about a dozen soldiers from the Yorkshire Regiment's 2nd Battalion were training Kurdish forces in Iraq fighting Islamic State militants to use UK-supplied heavy machine guns.

Experimental unit
Following the Army 2020 Refine, 2 YORKS was converted to an 'Enhanced Light Force Battalion', part of a 120 million pound three-year programme. The battalion will help spearhead the British Army's transformation into the 'Future Soldier' programme relating to the Light Infantry. 1 YORKS continues to convert to the Boxer MIV, and then form part of the new 'Experimentation Battlegroup'.

1st Battalion
The 1st Battalion (abbreviated 1 ), is based at Catterick Garrison. The battalion is a light mechanised infantry battalion deployed as part of 7th Light Mechanised Brigade Combat Team.

2nd Battalion
The 2nd Battalion (2 ), is based in Dale Barracks, Chester. The battalion is the British Army’s 'Experimentation Battalion', involved with trialing future light infantry equipment and tactics under the Land Warfare Centre.

4th Battalion
The 4th Battalion (4 ), is the Army Reserve battalion of the Royal Yorkshire Regiment. The battalion headquarters is in Worsley Barracks, York and forms part of 4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East. The battalion operates from Army Reserve Centres across the regimental footprint with companies dispersed in Barnsley, Beverley, Huddersfield, Hull, Leeds, Middlesbrough, Sheffield and York.

Regimental museum
The York Army Museum (for the Royal Dragoon Guards, Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire and the Royal Yorkshire Regiment) is based at the Tower Street drill hall in York.

Yorkshire Regiment beer
On St George's Day 23 April 2008, Paul and Phil Lee, the owners of the Cropton Brewery & New Inn, released a new beer called Yorkshire Warrior. The beer, which is only available in eight North Yorkshire pubs, was produced to celebrate the proud achievements of the regiment and to commemorate the sacrifices the soldiers and families of the regiment have endured.

York Medal
Each year, the regiment awards the York Medal to the individual who has contributed the most to the aims of the regiment over the course of the previous year, with notable recipients including Captain Tom Moore.

Freedom awards
Freedoms awarded to the Royal Yorkshire Regiment (including those carried through from the antecedent regiments) include the following:
 * Cities: Bradford, Kingston-upon-Hull, Leeds, Sheffield, York and Wakefield.
 * Towns and districts: Barnsley, Beverley (East Riding of Yorkshire), Bridlington (East Riding of Yorkshire), Halifax (Calderdale), Harrogate, Huddersfield (Kirklees), Keighley, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, Richmond, Rotherham, Scarborough, Skipton (Craven District), Stockton on Tees and Warminster.

The regiment also holds the distinction of having the freedom of Erquinghem-Lys, France, which was passed on from the freedom awarded to the 3rd Battalion (Duke of Wellington's) in November 2005. The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) were also awarded the Freedom of Mossley, on 8 July 1967.

On 3 August 2009, Rotherham, South Yorkshire became the first town to bestow the 'Freedom of the Borough' on the Yorkshire Regiment. This gives the regiment the right to march through the town with 'flags flying, bands playing and bayonets fixed'. At a ceremony outside the Town Hall the regiment paraded two guards of soldiers who had recently returned from Iraq, and the colours of the 3rd Battalion Yorkshire Regiment (Duke of Wellington's), led by the Kings Division Band, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Vallings, the Battalion commanding officer. The Mayor of Rotherham, Councillor Shaukat Ali, on behalf of the Borough, presented the Freedom Scroll to Colonel Simon Newton, who accepted the honour for the Regiment.

On 8 September 2013 the regiment was given the Freedom of Barnoldswick, Lancashire during a rededication ceremony of the town's war memorial, when 46 new names from the two world wars were added.

The regiment was awarded the Freedom of Warminster, Wiltshire on its return from Afghanistan following their homecoming parade on 30 November 2012.

Battle honours
Including those inherited from preceding units:
 * Nine Years' War
 * Namur 1695

 * War of the Spanish Succession
 * Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenaarde, Malplaquet

 * War of the Austrian Succession
 * Louisburg, Dettingen

 * Seven Years' War
 * Quebec 1759, Martinique 1762, Havannah

 * American War of Independence
 * St Lucia 1778, Martinique 1794 and 1809

 * War of the First Coalition
 * Tournay, Belle Isle

 * Second Anglo-Maratha War
 * Hindoostan, Mysore, Ally Ghur, Delhi 1803, Leswaree, Deig

 * Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
 * Seringapatam

 * Napoleonic Wars
 * Corunna, Nive, Peninsula, Guadaloupe 1810, Waterloo

 * Jat War 1825–26
 * Siege of Bhurtpore 1825–26 (Bharatpur)

 * Crimean War
 * Alma, Inkerman, Sevastopol, Abyssinia

 * New Zealand Wars
 * New Zealand,

 * Second Anglo-Afghan War
 * Tirah, Afghanistan 1879–80

 * Second Boer War
 * Relief of Ladysmith, Relief of Kimberley, Paardeburg, South Africa 1900–02

 * First World War
 * Mons, Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Battle of the Marne 1914 and 1918, Aisne 1914 and 1918, Armentières 1914, La Bassée 1914, Ypres 1914, 1915, 1917 and 1918, Langemarck 1914 and 1917, Gheluvelt, Nonne Bosschen, Neuve Chapelle, Hill 60, Gravenstafel, St. Julien, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Aubers, Festubert, Hooge 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 and 1918, Albert 1916 and 1918, Bazentin, Delville Wood, Pozières, Flers-Courcelette, Morval, Thiepval, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916, Arras 1916, 1917 and 1918, Scarpe 1917 and 1918, Arleux, Oppy, Bullecourt, Hill 70, Messines 1917 and 1918, Pilckem, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917 and 1918, St Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Rosieres, Ancre 1918, Villiers Bretonneux, Lys, Estaires, Hazebrouck, Bailleul, Kemmel, Bethune, Scherpenberg, Marne 1918, Tardenois, Amiens, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Havrincourt, Epéhy, Canal du Nord, St Quentin Canal, Beaurevoir, Selle, Valenciennes, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–18, Piave, Vittorio Veneto, Italy 1917–18, Struma, Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1915–18, Suvla, Landing at Suvla, Scimitar Hill, Gallipoli 1915, Egypt 1915–1916, Archangel 1918.

 * Third Anglo-Afghan War
 * Afghanistan 1919

 * Second World War
 * Otta, Norway 1940, Withdrawal to Escaut, Defence of Arras, French Frontier 1940, Ypres-Comines Canal, Dunkirk 1940, St. Valery-en-Caux, Normandy Landing, Tilly sur Seulles, Odon, Fontenay Le Pesnil, Caen, Bourguebus Ridge, Troarn, Mont Pincon, St Pierre La Vielle, Gheel, Nederrijn, Aam, Venraij, Rhineland, Schaddenhof, Brinkum, Bremen, North-West Europe 1940 and 1944–45, Jebel Defeis, Keren, Ad Teclescan, Abyssinia 1940–41, Gazala, Cauldron, Mersa Matruh, Defence of Alamein Line, El Alamein, Mareth, Wadi ZigZaou, Akarit, North Africa 1940–42, 1942–43 and 1943, Banana Ridge, Medjez Plain, Gueriat el Atach Ridge, Tunis, Djebel Bou Aoukaz 1943, North Africa 1943, Primasole Bridge, Landing in Sicily, Lentini, Sicily 1943, Minturno, Anzio, Campoleone, Rome, Monte Ceco, Italy 1943–44 and 43–45, Sittang 1942, Pegu 1942, Paungde, Yenangyaung 1942, North Arakan, Maungdaw, Defence of Sinzweya, Imphal, Bishenpur, Kanglantonbi, Kohima, Meiktila, Capture of Meiktila, Defence of Meiktila, Rangoon Road, Pyawbwe, Arakan beaches, Chindits 1944, Burma Campaign (1942–44).

 * Korean War
 * The Hook 1953, Korean War 1952–53 (Theatre Honour)

 * Iraq War
 * Iraq 2003 (Theatre Honour)

Infantry regiments are permitted to display 43 battle honours from the two world wars on the Queen's Colour and 46 honours from other conflicts on the Regimental Colour. Upon amalgamation, the Yorkshire Regiment had to choose from the total list of honours of its three antecedents which honours would be displayed on its new colours. The chosen honours were:

 * Queen's Colour
 * Mons; Marne 1914, 18; Aisne 1914, 18; Armentieres 1914; Ypres 1914, 15, 17, 18; Hill 60; Loos; Somme 1916, 18; Arras 1917, 18; Cambrai 1917, 18; Lys; Tardenois; Selle; Valenciennes; Piave; Vittoria Veneto; Doiran 1917; Suvla; Gallipoli 1915; Norway 1940; Dunkirk; St Valery en Caux; Normandy Landing; Odon; Fontenay le Pesnil; Schaddenhof; NW Europe 1940, 44–45; Keren; Gazala; El Alamein; Mareth; Akarit; Djebel Bou Aoukaz 1943; Sicily 1943; Minturno; Anzio; Monte Ceco; Sittang 1942, 45; Pegu 1942; Defence of Sinweya; Imphal; Meiktila; Burma 1942–45
 * Regimental Colour
 * Namur 1695; Blenheim; Ramillies; Oudenarde; Malplaquet; Dettingen; Louisburg; Quebec 1759; Bellisle; Martinique 1762; Havannah; St Lucia 1778; Martinique 1794, 1809; Tournay; Mysore; Seringapatam; Ally Ghur; Delhi 1803; Leswarree; Dieg; Corunna; Guadaloupe 1810; Java; Nive; Peninsula; Waterloo; Bhurtpore; Alma; Inkerman; Sevastopol; New Zealand; Abyssinia; Afghanistan 1879–80; Tirah; Relief of Kimberley; Paardeburg; Relief of Ladysmith; South Africa 1899–1902; Afghanistan 1919; Korea 1952–53; The Hook 1953; Iraq 2003

In addition to the displayed honours, the regimental colours also display four emblems from the antecedents regiments:
 * White Horse of Hanover – displayed top right; from the Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire
 * Star of Brunswick – displayed bottom left; from Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire
 * Dannebrog Cross – displayed bottom right; from the Green Howards
 * Elephant & Howdah – displayed bottom centre; from the Duke of Wellington's Regiment

The Battalion's Roman Numeral is in the top left corner of each flag. The use of the Cross of St George as the background is unique to the Yorkshire Regiment.

Alliances

 * 🇨🇦 – The Rocky Mountain Rangers
 * 🇨🇦 – The Queen's York Rangers (1st American Regiment) (RCAC)
 * 🇨🇦 – The Royal Montreal Regiment
 * 🇨🇦 – 1st Battalion, The Royal New Brunswick Regiment (Carlton and York)
 * 🇨🇦 – Les Voltigeurs de Québec
 * 🇵🇰 – 10th Battalion, Baloch Regiment
 * 🇫🇰 – The Falkland Islands Defence Force
 * 🇳🇴 – Hans Majestet Kongens Garde (Bond of Friendship)
 * – HMS York (D98) (until 2012)
 * – HMS Richmond (F239)
 * – HMS Iron Duke (F234)

title: Royal Yorkshire Regiment


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River Lymn

The River Lymn is a river in Lincolnshire, England. It rises in the Wolds on the eastern slope of Castcliffe Hill in Fulletby parish. It flows south-eastwards to the Lincolnshire Marsh, where it becomes known as the Steeping River on the boundary of Great Steeping parish. The main channel is supplemented by the Wainfleet Relief Channel as it passes Wainfleet All Saints, and the relief channel is joined by the old course of the Lymn. Once the two channels rejoin, there are three flood defence structures to protect the region from flooding by the North Sea.

Route
The river rises on the southern slope of Belchford Hill, to the east of Belchford and close to the 300 ft contour. It flows to the south and then to the east to reach Tetford, where there is a grade II listed water mill and mill house. It was built in the late eighteenth century, but shows evidence that it was built around an earlier structure. The much-repaired water wheel, dating from the seventeenth century, and the corn milling machinery are still intact. Beyond Tetford the river is joined by Double Dike, and flows south through woodland, passing to the west of Somersby and Bag Enderby. Here it is joined by a second stream, which rises on the eastern slope of Castcliffe Hill in Fulletby, close to the 280 ft contour. It flows through a large lake and is joined by a stream from Holbeck Manor before passing through Salmonby. By the time the two streams join, they are below the 130 ft contour.

It continues to the south-east and has dropped by another 33 ft by the time it reaches the millpond of Stockwith Mill, beyond which is Stockwith Mill Bridge. The A158 road crosses at Aswardby Bridge, and the site of Aswardby Mill is below that. The next crossing is at Sausthorpe Bridge, which carries a minor road towards Sausthorpe, and the river drops below the 65 ft contour at this point. The course continues to the east, passing under the A16 road between Spilsby and Partney at Partney Bridge, by Mill Farm, where there is a weir with a footbridge over the top. Beyond Spilsby, it turns to the south, crossing under a minor road at Northorpe Bridge and the B1195 road at Halton Bridge, to the east of Halton Holegate. Mill Bridge carries another minor road over the channel, but by the time the river reaches it, the river is in the Fens, the channel is embanked on both sides, and it crosses the 16 ft contour.

Steeping River
The River Lymn is joined by another embanked channel, Lady Wath's Beck, as it passes between Great Steeping to the north and Little Steeping to the south, and takes the name Steeping River. The railway line between Boston and Skegness crosses to the north bank, and then follows the course of the river to below Wainfleet All Saints. The next bridge is Clough's Bridge, carrying a minor road over the main channel. Just before it, the old course of the Lymn leaves the straight channel of the Steeping River. It is no longer connected to the Steeping River, but is maintained as a drainage ditch by the Internal Drainage Board (IDB). Warth's Bridge and Thorpe Culvert Bridge follow, both roads leading to Thorpe Culvert railway station. Thorpe Culvert pumping station, owned by the IDB, is located just before the second bridge, and after it, the Wainfleet Relief Channel turns off, passing under the railway almost immediately. There are two more bridges as the main channel crosses Wainfleet Common, Bycroft's Bridge and Crow's Bridge. Crow's Bridge has an elliptical arch constructed of red bricks, and was designed by the engineer John Rennie in 1812. Salem Bridge carries the B1195 road to Wainfleet railway station, and the A52 road crosses to the east of Wainfleet All Saints. The channel is now also called Wainfleet Haven, and both names are used to describe it until it reaches the sea.

The Wainfleet Relief Channel is also crossed by the B1195 road, and shortly afterwards, the Lymn joins it. Cowcroft Drain, which joins the Lymn from the north, and the Lymn below the junction are both designated as main rivers, and are the responsibility of the Environment Agency, as is Croft Lane pumping station, which pumps the water from the Lymn into the relief channel. Croft Lane bridge is next, after which the A52 and the Boston to Skegness railway cross, and the relief channel rejoins Wainfleet Haven. The final section contains three flood defence structures. Haven House Sluice is first, after which the channel splits. Wainfleet Clough Outfall is on the western channel, which is tidal below the sluice. The Burgh Sluice Relief Channel is to the east, and Burgh Sluice protects it from the sea just before the two channels rejoin. Cow Bank Drain was excavated in 1812, as part of the last land reclamation scheme in the area. Cow Bank pumping station, owned by the IDB, pumps the drain into the outfall.

Below the outfall, Gibraltar Point National Nature Reserve is located to the east among the dunes and saltings. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and a Ramsar site, which provides a diverse habitat for birds such as grey plover and knot, plants including brackish water crowfoot and insects including the red-banded sand-wasp, among others. Gibraltar Point Sailing Club is located at Gibraltar Point, and the east bank of the river channel is used for mooring yachts. Now called Wainfleet Harbour, the channel crosses sand and mudflats to reach Wainfleet Swatch, an area of water protected from the North Sea by the Inner Knock sandbank at low water. The area to the south of Wainfleet Harbour is called Wainfleet Sand and is a danger area. It has been used for artillery practice since at least 1890, but may have been used for cannon and musketry practice long before that. More recently, it was part of RAF Wainfleet, and was used for weaponry practice by aircraft, until the closure of the range in December 2009.

Hydrology
There is a layer of sandstone rock beneath the whole of the catchment of the River Lymn, which is largely covered by a layer of chalk. The sandstone outcrops in only a few places, and where it does, springs provide the base flow for the river. As the layers of rock continue to dip to the east, they are covered by boulder clay, gravel and alluvium.

Flow on the upper river is measured by a gauging station at Partney Mill, consisting of a Crump weir with a 16 ft crest. The catchment area of the river above this point is 23.8 sqmi, and this area received annual rainfall of 27.4 in in the 1960s. This produces an average daily flow of 9.5 million gallons (43.2 Megalitres (Ml)), although a peak flow of 253M gallons (1149 Ml) was recorded in April 1981.

Discharge to the North Sea is along the Burgh Sluice Relief Channel during the winter and at times of high flow, but when flows in the river are low, Wainfleet Clough Sluice is used as the discharge point.

The Environment Agency measure water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.

The water quality of the Lymn and Steeping was as follows in 2019. Like most rivers in the UK, the chemical status changed from good to fail in 2019, due to the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and mercury compounds, neither of which had previously been included in the assessment.

History
The manipulation of the river channel has a long history, dating back to at least the thirteenth century, when the river was diverted to the south at Firsby Clough and then to the east at White Cross Clough, creating two channels. Because the old channel ran through the manor of Croft, and was used to supply drinking water for cattle, an agreement for its management was reached in 1240. The flow was diverted along the old channel for the first three weeks after Easter, and then along the new channel for three weeks. This six-week cycle was repeated until Michaelmas (29 September). The arrangement was ratified by the Court of Sewers in 1432 and 1501, and continued in operation until at least 1774. The original channel is the Lymn, while the southern channel has been straightened and enlarged to become the Steeping River.

Thorpe Culvert takes its name from a culvert which was built under the river to drain water into the Bell Water Drain. The area to the north of the culvert became part of the Witham Fourth District in 1818, and the culvert was built soon afterwards. Responsibility for the drain passed to the Witham and Steeping Catchment Board following the passing of the Land Drainage Act in 1930, and they commissioned a new pumping station to pump water from the drain into the Steeping in 1938. It contained two Ruston & Hornsby diesel engines, driving 36 in Gwynnes centrifugal pumps, and could pump 322M gallons (1,460 Ml) per day when both were running.

Responsibility for the drain and pumping station then passed to the Anglian Water Authority, and they built a new electric pumping station, which was commissioned in 1983. The diesel station was retained, but its condition deteriorated, so that by the early 1990s, only one of the engines was operational. At the request of Lindsey Marsh IDB, a small team of volunteers began to restore the station and the engines in 1994, and the site is opened for visitors three times a year. The restoration has enabled the station to be used twice in 2000 and once in 2004, when power failure prevented the electric station from operating, and during the floods of 2007, both engines ran to assist the electric pumps. The team of volunteers was led by Dennis Quincey, and following his death in 2002, the Drainage Board renamed it Quinceys Pumping Station.

In the medieval period, Wainfleet was an important port, and had a thriving salt industry, extracting salt from sea water. The town was much closer to the sea at that time, but the gradual silting of the channel and the enclosure of land on both sides of it saw the demise of the port, with its function taken over by Boston. The channel, known as Wainfleet Haven, was still used by shipping, although larger ships unloaded cargo into river barges close to Gibraltar Point, from where the barges travelled up the river to Wainfleet. Commercial use of the Haven by boats ceased in the 1920s.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: River Lymn


text:
Talk:Kents Hill School

Untitled
This article was proposed for deletion December 2004. The archived VFD discussion is available at Votes for deletion/Kents Hill School.

Weeking/working
I've just changed a reference to students "weeking" to students "working"; weeking is obviously a typo, but I thought that I'd better check to see if something other than working was meant. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:40, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Substantial Update
I am working on editing and updating this entry as the school's Communications Director. We have had several requests from our parents and students to do this. All materials are taken from the school's website and publications - see References. Akwor (talk) 12:16, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Additional Info
In response to Wikipedia feedback, have edited this entry to make factual, in keeping with other private schools on Wikipedia. Akwor (talk) 12:33, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

2008 Akwor edits
Akwor, thank you for your contributions, but it is necessary to keep this article factual only. The article as it is reads like an advertisement, so I'm reverting the article to an earlier state. Please try and keep your edits unbiased. Also, please read Simplified_Ruleset, specifically the "neutral point of view" section. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Angrygoatface (talk • contribs) 03:29, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

This applies to Gpudh74 too. Angrygoatface (talk) 16:35, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Angrygoatface, The previous version was not un-facatual and similar to what other independent schools in Maine have posted for their pages on Wikipedia. I have reverted the page back to reflect the write up of the school's history, but out of your concerns for the page being too much like advertisement, I have left out specific details about special academic programs.  I will be adding a further section about athletics at a later date. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gpudh74 (talk • contribs) 14:59, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Gpudh74, please read the Wikipedia rules on NPOV articles before you edit again. Angrygoatface (talk) 06:05, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Angrygoatface, I have read the neutral POV article and again argue that there is nothing in the posting that is unfactual or bias.  The school's wiki write-up is similar/modeled to other private schools in Maine see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebron_Academy.  I am stating part of the school's history, facts about the number and type of students that attend the school, academic offerings, and athletic offerings.  I am not saying our school is the best I am stating the facts to allow a reader to form their own opinion.  I will be asking for a third party to review the page.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gpudh74 (talk • contribs) 02:11, 7 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, Gpudh, a more relevant policy guideline for you to read is Conflict of interest, which is what you have here. --Patar knight - chat/contributions 22:28, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

 * 3PO Is there still a 3PO issue here? If so please briefly spell out exactly what the issue is below.  NJGW (talk) 23:40, 9 March 2009 (UTC)
 * That article on Hebron Academy suffers from the same point-of-view faults as does the Goats Hill piece, and adds some more. Don't look to Hebron as a model in writing. Just a suggestion. Sincerely, GeorgeLouis (talk) 04:23, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Assessment - a tip
I see you asked for an assessment at schools. Well I have added your first reference, hope you find the advice helpful. If you add as many as you can (as your article is well cited), then your assessment will be much improved. Any pics? Victuallers (talk) 11:51, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

I think I would leave the assessment as Start for now. The article is coming along nicely though I would suggest sourcing using tags, and if possible use templates such as within them cite web, see WP:CITE for help. The article still needs quite a lot of expansion, see WP:WPSCH/AG for a list of possible appropriate sections. I would avoid general lists in the article as much as possible, try using prose and context. Camaron | Chris (talk) 12:04, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Third opinion
Parts of the article go way overboard in "puffing" the school, viz: "Students have and continue to attend Kents Hill from across the state of Maine, throughout the United States, and from around the world." Big deal. Most schools could say something similar. "Comprehensive curriculum": It's a matter of opinion whether it is comprehensive or not. "Believing that a healthy mind in a health body is important, the Kents Hill athletics program is designed to meet the needs of every student, regardless of age, size, or experience." Who said? That's a matter of opinion. I believe the editor who is adding this material is too much wrapped up in his material has not learned to write in a neutral manner. Sincerely, your friend, GeorgeLouis (talk) 04:18, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Thank you for your insight. Editing is now using top-rated schools from the WikiProject Schools as a model for continued updates. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 169.244.27.3 (talk) 22:14, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

new additions to article regarding factual information should be cited --ProfPolySci45 (talk) 03:44, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kents Hill School


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White House travel office controversy

The White House travel office controversy, sometimes referred to as Travelgate, was the first major ethics controversy of the Clinton administration. It began in May 1993, when seven employees of the White House Travel Office were fired. This action was unusual because executive-branch employees typically remain in their posts for many years (even though they can be terminated by, and serve at the pleasure of, the President).

The White House stated the firings were done because financial improprieties in the Travel Office operation during previous administrations had been revealed by an FBI investigation. Critics contended the firings were done to allow friends and campaign donors of President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton to take over the travel business and that the involvement of the FBI was unwarranted. Heavy media attention forced the White House to reinstate most of the employees in other jobs and remove the Clinton associates from the travel role.

Further investigations by the FBI and the Department of Justice, the White House itself, the General Accounting Office, the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, and the Whitewater Independent Counsel all took place over the subsequent years. Travel Office Director Billy Dale was charged with embezzlement but found not guilty in 1995. In 1998, Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr exonerated Bill Clinton of any involvement in the matter.

Hillary Clinton gradually came under scrutiny for allegedly having played a central role in the firings and making false statements about her involvement therein. In 2000, Independent Counsel Robert Ray issued his final report on Travelgate. He sought no charges against her, saying that while some of Clinton's statements were factually false, there was insufficient evidence that these statements were either knowingly false or that she understood that her statements led to the firings.

The White House Travel Office

The White House Travel Office, known officially as either the White House Travel and Telegraph Office or the White House Telegraph and Travel Office, dates back to the Andrew Jackson administration and serves to handle travel arrangements for the White House press corps, with costs billed to the participating news organizations. By the time of the start of the Clinton administration, it was quartered in the Old Executive Office Building, and had seven employees with a yearly budget of $7 million. Staffers serve at the pleasure of the president; however, in practice, the staffers were career employees who in some cases had worked in the Travel Office since the 1960s and 1970s, through both Democratic and Republican administrations.

Travel Office Director Billy Ray Dale had held that position since 1982, serving through most of the Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations, and had started in the Travel Office in 1961. To handle the frequent last-minute arrangements of presidential travel and the specialized requirements of the press, Dale did not conduct competitive bidding for travel services, but relied upon a charter company called Airline of the Americas.

Initial White House actions
According to the White House, the incoming Clinton administration had heard rumors of irregularities in the Travel Office and possible kickbacks to an office employee from a charter air company. They looked at a review by KPMG Peat Marwick which discovered that Dale kept an off-book ledger, had $18,000 of unaccounted-for checks, and kept chaotic office records. White House Chief of Staff Mack McLarty and the White House counsels thus decided to fire the Travel Office staff and reorganize it. The actual terminations were done on May 19, 1993, by White House director of administration David Watkins. There was also a feeling among the White House and its supporters that the Travel Office had never been investigated by the media due to its close relationship with press corps members and the plush accommodations it afforded them and favors it did for them. (Congress would later discover that in October 1988, a whistleblower within the Travel Office had alleged financial improprieties; the Reagan White House counsel looked into the claim but took no action.)

Republicans and other critics saw the events differently. They alleged that friends of President Bill Clinton, including his third cousin Catherine Cornelius, had sought the firings in order to get the business for themselves. Dale and his staff had been replaced with Little Rock, Arkansas-based World Wide Travel, a company with a substantial reputation in the industry but with several ties to the Clintons. In addition, Hollywood producer and Inauguration chairman Harry Thomason, a friend of both Clintons, and his business partner, Darnell Martens, were looking to get their air charter company, TRM, the White House business in place of Airline of the Americas. The Clinton campaign had been TRM's sole client during 1992, collecting commissions from booking charter flights for the campaign. Martens wanted the White House to award TRM a $500,000 contract for an aircraft audit, while also seeking Travel Office charter business as an intermediary which did not own any planes.

Attention initially focused on the role of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), since on May 12, 1993, a week before the firings, associate White House counsel William Kennedy had requested that the FBI look into possible improprieties in the Travel Office operation. FBI agents went there and, although initially reluctant, authorized a preliminary investigation. Deputy White House Counsel Vince Foster became worried about the firings about to take place and ordered the KPMG Peat Marwick review, asking the FBI to hold off in the meantime. The accounting review started on May 14 and the report was given to the White House on May 17. KPMG was unable to do an actual audit, because there were so few records in the Travel Office that could be audited and because the office did not use the double-entry bookkeeping system that audits are based upon. One KPMG representative later described the office as "an ungodly mess in terms of records" with ten years of material piled up in a closet. When the review came back with its reports of irregularities, Watkins went ahead with the terminations on May 19.

Investigations
The travel office affair quickly became the first major ethics controversy of the Clinton presidency and an embarrassment for the new administration. Criticism from political opponents and especially the news media became intense; the White House was later described as having been "paralyzed for a week". The effect was intensified by cable television news and the advent of the 24-hour news cycle. Within three days of the firings, World Wide Travel voluntarily withdrew from the White House travel operation and were replaced on a temporary basis by American Express Travel Services. (Later, after a competitive bid, American Express received the permanent role to book press charters. )

Various investigations took place.

FBI
On May 28, 1993, the FBI issued a report saying it had done nothing wrong in its contacts with the White House. (This conclusion was reiterated by a March 1994 report by the Justice Department's Office of Professional Responsibility. )

Meanwhile, the FBI investigation of the Travel Office practices themselves continued, soon focusing on Travel Office Director Billy Dale. who was charged with embezzlement but found not guilty in 1995. During the summer of 1993, the other staffers of the office were informed that they were no longer a target of the investigation.

Clinton White House report

On July 2, 1993, the White House issued its own 80-page report on the firings, one that the New York Times termed "strikingly self-critical". Co-written by Chief of Staff McLarty, it criticized five White House officials, included McLarty himself, Watkins, Kennedy, Cornelius, and another, for dismissing the Travel Office members improperly, for appearing to pressure the FBI into its involvement, and for allowing friends of the Clintons to become involved in a matter with which they had a business stake. It said that the employees should instead have been placed on administrative leave. However, the White House said no illegal actions had occurred, and no officials would be terminated; this did not satisfy Senate Minority Leader Bob Dole, who called for an independent investigation. As Chief of Staff McLarty personally apologized to the fired Travel Office employees—some of whom had all their personal documents and travel photographs related to years of service thrown out during the firing process —and said they would be given other jobs (which five of them were; Dale and his assistant director retired. ) The White House report also contained the initial indications of the First Lady's involvement in the firings, saying that she had taken an interest in the Travel Office's alleged mismanagement and had been informed two days in advance that the firings would take place. There was no indication of involvement from President Clinton himself, although he had earlier taken broad public responsibility for what had happened.

The travel office controversy was subsequently judged to have been a factor in Vince Foster's depression and July 20, 1993, suicide. In his torn-up resignation note from a few days before, he wrote "No one in The White House, to my knowledge, violated any law or standard of conduct, including any action in the Travel Office. There was no intent to benefit any individual or specific group. [...] The press is covering up the illegal benefits they received from the travel staff". (In the last part, Foster may have been referring to lax customs treatment by the Travel Office of goods brought back from foreign trips by reporters. )

GAO report
In July 1993, Congress requested the non-partisan General Accounting Office investigate the firings; on May 2, 1994, the GAO concluded that the White House did have legal authority to terminate the Travel Office employees without cause, because they served at the pleasure of the president. However, it also concluded that Cornelius, Thomason, and Martens, who all had potential business interests involved, had possibly influenced the decision. Moreover, the GAO report indicated that the First Lady played a larger role than previously thought before the firings, with Watkins saying she had urged "that action be taken to get 'our people' into the travel office." The First Lady, who had given a written statement to the inquiry, said she did "not recall this conversation with the same level of detail as Mr. Watkins."

Independent Counsel investigation begins
Special prosecutor Robert B. Fiske tangentially investigated travel office events during the first half of 1994, as part of investigating the circumstances surrounding Foster's death.

In August 1994, Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr took over from Fiske in investigating Whitewater, Foster, and indirectly the travel office matter. On July 22, 1995, Hillary Clinton gave a deposition under oath to the Independent Counsel that touched on travel office questions; she denied having had a role in the firings, but was unable to recall many specifics of conversations with Foster and Watkins.

Oversight Committee investigation begins

In late 1994, following the 1994 Congressional elections which switched Congress from Democratic to Republican control, the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, chaired by Pennsylvania Republican William Clinger, launched an investigation into the White House Travel Office firings. In October 1995, the committee began hearings on the matter; Clinger soon accused the White House of withholding pertinent documents and sought subpoenas to compel witnesses to appear.

Private investigations
Not all investigations were by governmental bodies. The magazine The American Spectator, which had a well-established animus towards the First Couple, focused on the Travelgate story as one of many Clinton-related matters it thought scandalous, describing it as "a story about influence-peddling and sleazy deal-making... in the Clinton White House". Spectator publisher R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr. would claim that the magazine's early Travelgate stories provided useful material to the congressional investigations. In general, Clinton administration controversies such as Travelgate allowed opinion magazines and political debate television shows to attract subscribers and viewers.

Prosecution and acquittal of Billy Dale
Meanwhile, as a consequence of the FBI investigation, former Travel Office Director Billy Dale was indicted by a federal grand jury on December 7, 1994, on two counts of embezzlement and criminal conversion, charged with wrongfully depositing into his own bank account $68,000 in checks from media organizations traveling with the president during the period between 1988 and 1991. He faced up to 20 years in prison if convicted. Dale's attorneys conceded that funds had been co-mingled, but stated that Dale had not stolen anything but rather used the monies for the substantial tips and off-the-book payments that the job required, especially in foreign countries, and that anything left over was used as a discount against future trips.

At the 13-day trial in October and November 1995, prominent journalists such as ABC News' Sam Donaldson and The Los Angeles Times' Jack Nelson testified as character witnesses on Dale's behalf. Much of the trial focused on the details of the movement of Travel Office funds into Dale's personal account, and not on the political overtones of the case. The jury acquitted Dale of both charges on November 16, 1995, following less than two hours of deliberations.

A memo surfaces regarding the First Lady
On January 5, 1996, a new development thrust the travel office matter again to the forefront. A two-year-old memo from White House director of administration David Watkins surfaced that identified First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton as the motivating force behind the firings, with the additional involvement of Vince Foster and Harry Thomason. "Foster regularly informed me that the First Lady was concerned and desired action. The action desired was the firing of the Travel Office staff." Written in fall 1993, apparently intended for McLarty, the Watkins memo also said "we both know that there would be hell to pay" if "we failed to take swift and decisive action in conformity with the First Lady's wishes." This memo contradicted the First Lady's previous statements in the GAO investigation, that she had played no role in the firings and had not consulted with Thomason beforehand. The White House also found it difficult to explain why the memo was so late in surfacing when all the previous investigations had requested all relevant materials. House committee chair Clinger charged a cover-up was taking place and vowed to pursue new material.

These developments, following Hillary Clinton's prior disputed statements about her cattle futures dealings and Whitewater, led to a famous exchange in which high-profile New York Times columnist William Safire, who had endorsed Bill Clinton in the previous election, wrote that many Americans were coming to the "sad realization that our First Lady—a woman of undoubted talents who was a role model for many in her generation—is a congenital liar" who "has never been called to account for lying herself or in suborning lying in her aides and friends," followed by White House Press Secretary Mike McCurry saying that "the President, if he were not the President, would have delivered a more forceful response to that—on the bridge of Mr. Safire's nose."

As a result of the discovery of the Watkins memo, and based upon a suggestion from the Office of Independent Counsel, on March 20, 1996, Attorney General Janet Reno requested that Whitewater Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr expand his inquiry to specifically include the travel office affair, in particular allegations that White House employees had lied about Hillary Clinton's role in the firings, and that David Watkins or Hillary Clinton had made false statements in previous testimony to the GAO, Congress, or the Independent Counsel.

The Congressional investigation continued; on March 21, 1996, Hillary Clinton submitted a deposition under oath to the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, again acknowledging concern about irregularities in the Travel Office but denying a direct role in the firings and expressing a lack of recollection to a number of questions. A battle of wills took place between the legislative and executive branches. On May 9, 1996, President Clinton refused to turn over additional documents related to the matter, claiming executive privilege. House committee chair Clinger threatened a contempt of Congress resolution against the president, and the White House partially backed down on May 30, surrendering 1,000 of the 3,000 documents the committee asked for.

Meanwhile, the seven dismissed employees were back in the picture. In March 1996 the House voted 350–43 to reimburse them for all of their legal expenses; in September 1996, Democratic Senator Harry Reid led an unsuccessful attempt to block this measure. In May 1996, the seven filed a $35 million lawsuit against Harry Thomason and Darnell Martens, alleging unlawful interference with their employment and emotional distress.

On June 5, 1996, Clinger announced that the committee's investigations had discovered that the White House had requested access to Billy Dale's FBI background check report seven months after the terminations, in what Clinger said was an improper effort to justify the firings. It was rapidly discovered that the White House had additionally gotten improper access to hundreds of other FBI background reports, many on former White House employees in Republican administrations; thus was born the Filegate controversy.

The Senator Al D'Amato-chaired Senate Special Whitewater Committee, which had begun the previous year, issued its findings in a majority report on June 18, 1996; it did not investigate Travelgate directly, but did say that "[Hillary] Clinton, upon learning of [Vince] Foster's death, at least realized its connection to [the] Travelgate scandal, and perhaps to the Whitewater matter, and dispatched her trusted lieutenants to contain any potential embarrassment or political damage." Minority Democratic members of the Committee derided these findings as "a legislative travesty," "a witch hunt," and "a political game."

The House Government Reform and Oversight Committee issued its majority report on September 18, 1996, in which it accused the Clinton administration of having obstructed the committee's efforts to investigate the Travelgate scandal. It portrayed Bill Clinton as being heavily involved in the travel office affair, more than any other investigation. The report's chapter titles were lurid: "The White House Stonewalled All Investigations into the White House Travel Office Firings and Related Matters", "The White House Initiated a Full-Scale Campaign of Misinformation in the Aftermath of the Travel Office Firings and President Clinton Led the Misinformation Campaign from the First Days of the Travelgate Debacle", "Foster's Death Shattered a White House Just Recovering from an Abysmal First 6 Months of Administration", and so forth. Democratic members of the Committee walked out in protest over the report, with ranking member Henry Waxman calling it "an embarrassment to you [Chairman Clinger], this committee and this Congress" and "a crassly partisan smear campaign against President Clinton, Mrs. Clinton and this administration." The following month Clinger forwarded the report, along with one on Filegate, to the Independent Counsel, suggesting that the testimony of several witnesses be looked at for possible perjury or obstruction of justice. Democrats said this was politically motivated in an attempt to influence the 1996 presidential election.

Independent Counsel findings

Almost two years passed. Independent Counsel Starr continued his investigation. Starr wanted access to notes that Vince Foster's attorney took in a conversation with Foster about the travel office affair shortly before Foster's suicide, but on June 25, 1998, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 against Starr in Swidler & Berlin v. United States, stating that attorney–client privilege extends beyond the grave. In September 1998 Independent Counsel Starr released the famous Starr Report, concerning offenses that may have been committed by President Clinton as part of the Lewinsky scandal. It did not mention the travel office matter.

On November 19, 1998, Starr testified before the House Judiciary Committee in connection with the impeachment of Bill Clinton over charges related to the Lewinsky scandal. Here, for the first time, Starr exonerated President Clinton of complicity in the travel office affair, saying that while investigations were not complete, "the president was not involved in our... investigation." (Starr also chose this occasion to clear President Clinton in the Filegate matter, and to say he had not committed impeachable wrongdoing in the Whitewater matter; Democrats on the committee immediately criticized Starr for withholding all these findings until after the 1998 Congressional elections. )

Starr explicitly did not exonerate Hillary Clinton, however; her case remained unsettled. More time passed. By 2000, she was a candidate for United States Senator from New York, and Starr had been replaced as Independent Counsel by prosecutor Robert Ray, who once worked for Rudy Giuliani, Clinton's then-opponent in the Senate race. Regardless, Ray vowed his investigation would have "no untoward effect on the political process." Ray was determined to wrap up the case before the end of Bill Clinton's term.

On June 23, 2000, the suspense ended when Ray submitted the final Independent Counsel report on the travel office affair under seal to the judicial panel in charge of the investigation and publicly announced that he would seek no criminal charges against Hillary Clinton. Ray said that she had, contrary to her statements, "ultimately influenced" the decision to fire the employees. However, "the evidence was insufficient to prove to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt that any of Mrs. Clinton's statements and testimony regarding her involvement in the travel office firings were knowingly false," and thus prosecution was declined. White House press secretary Joe Lockhart was critical of Ray's statement: "By inappropriately characterizing the results of a legally sealed report through innuendo, the Office of Independent Counsel has further politicized an investigation that has dragged on far too long."

Ray's full 243-page report was unsealed and made public on October 18, 2000, three weeks before the Senatorial election. It confirmed that neither Hillary Clinton nor David Watkins would be indicted. It included some new detail, including a somewhat unsubstantiated claim from a friend of Watkins saying that the First Lady had told Watkins to "fire the sons of bitches." Ray cited eight separate conversations between the First Lady and senior staff and concluded: "Mrs. Clinton’s input into the process was significant, if not the significant factor influencing the pace of events in the Travel Office firings and the ultimate decision to fire the employees." Moreover, Ray determined Hillary Clinton had given "factually false" testimony when questioned by the GAO, the Independent Counsel, and Congress about the travel office firings, but reiterated that "the evidence was insufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt" that she knew her statements were false or understood that they may have prompted the firings.

Immediate reactions to the report differed. David E. Kendall, Hillary Clinton's lawyer, said that Ray's words were "highly unfair and misleading" and that Ray's conclusions were inconsistent, that evidence regarding her innocence had been buried in the document, and that the report confirmed that her fears about financial improprieties in the Travel Office were warranted. On the other hand, Bill Powers, chair of the New York Republican State Committee, said the report "once again makes us question" the believability of Clinton, and Congressman Rick Lazio, her Republican opponent in the Senate election, said "We believe that character counts in public service." New York Times columnist Safire updated his description of Hillary Clinton to "habitual prevaricator", saying "the evidence that she has been lying all along is damning" and comparing her dark side to that of Richard Nixon, in whose White House he had once worked.

Regardless, after 7½ years, Travelgate was finally over.

Legacy
In the legal aftermath, Swidler & Berlin v. United States became an important Supreme Court decision. The length, expense, and results of the Travelgate and the other investigations grouped under the Whitewater umbrella turned much of the public against the Independent Counsel mechanism. As such, the Independent Counsel law expired in 1999, with critics saying it cost too much with too few results; even Kenneth Starr favored the law's demise.

Opinions would differ over the legacy of the affair. Some agreed with Safire, who had said that Hillary Clinton was "a vindictive power player who used the FBI to ruin the lives of people standing in the way of juicy patronage." Conservative commentator Barbara Olson would entitle her highly unflattering 1999 book Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton, in reference to Clinton's Travelgate phrase. However, these had little effect on Hillary Clinton's career, as she won the 2000 election to the Senate, won re-election in 2006, became a strong contender for the Democratic Party nomination in the 2008 presidential election, then served as U.S. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and then ran for president again in 2016, becoming the nominee.

Bill Clinton later described the allegations and investigation as "a fraud", while in her 2003 autobiography Hillary Clinton gave short shrift to the matter, never mentioning Billy Dale by name and saying that Travelgate'... was perhaps worthy of a two- or three-week life span; instead, in a partisan political climate, it became the first manifestation of an obsession for investigation that persisted into the next millennium." Many in the Clinton inner circle would always believe that political motivations had been behind the investigation, including an attempt to derail Hillary Clinton's role in the 1993 health care reform plan.  But associate White House counsel William Kennedy would also later reflect that some of it was just "pure palpable hatred of the Clintons. It started and it never quit."

title: White House travel office controversy


text:
Secure Remote Password protocol

The Secure Remote Password protocol (SRP) is an augmented password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol, specifically designed to work around existing patents.

Like all PAKE protocols, an eavesdropper or man in the middle cannot obtain enough information to be able to brute-force guess a password or apply a dictionary attack without further interactions with the parties for each guess. Furthermore, being an augmented PAKE protocol, the server does not store password-equivalent data. This means that an attacker who steals the server data cannot masquerade as the client unless they first perform a brute force search for the password.

In layman's terms, during SRP (or any other PAKE protocol) authentication, one party (the "client" or "user") demonstrates to another party (the "server") that they know the password, without sending the password itself nor any other information from which the password can be derived. The password never leaves the client and is unknown to the server.

Furthermore, the server also needs to know about the password (but not the password itself) in order to instigate the secure connection. This means that the server also authenticates itself to the client which prevents phishing without reliance on the user parsing complex URLs.

The only mathematically proven security property of SRP is that it is equivalent to Diffie-Hellman against a passive attacker. Newer PAKEs such as AuCPace and OPAQUE offer stronger guarantees.

Overview
The SRP protocol has a number of desirable properties: it allows a user to authenticate themselves to a server, it is resistant to dictionary attacks mounted by an eavesdropper, and it does not require a trusted third party. It effectively conveys a zero-knowledge password proof from the user to the server. In revision 6 of the protocol only one password can be guessed per connection attempt. One of the interesting properties of the protocol is that even if one or two of the cryptographic primitives it uses are attacked, it is still secure. The SRP protocol has been revised several times, and is currently at revision 6a.

The SRP protocol creates a large private key shared between the two parties in a manner similar to Diffie–Hellman key exchange based on the client side having the user password and the server side having a cryptographic verifier derived from the password. The shared public key is derived from two random numbers, one generated by the client, and the other generated by the server, which are unique to the login attempt. In cases where encrypted communications as well as authentication are required, the SRP protocol is more secure than the alternative SSH protocol and faster than using Diffie–Hellman key exchange with signed messages. It is also independent of third parties, unlike Kerberos.

The SRP protocol, version 3 is described in RFC 2945. SRP version 6a is also used for strong password authentication in SSL/TLS (in TLS-SRP) and other standards such as EAP and SAML, and is part of IEEE 1363.2 and ISO/IEC 11770-4.

Protocol
The following notation is used in this description of the protocol, version 6:
 * q and N = 2q + 1 are chosen such that both are prime (which makes q a Sophie Germain prime and N a safe prime). N must be large enough so that computing discrete logarithms modulo N is infeasible.
 * All arithmetic is performed in the ring of integers modulo N, $$\scriptstyle \mathbb{Z}_N$$. This means that below g$x$ should be read as g$x$mod N
 * g is a generator of the multiplicative group $\scriptstyle \mathbb{Z}_N^*$.
 * H is a hash function; e.g., SHA-256.
 * k is a parameter derived by both sides; in SRP-6, k = 3, while in SRP-6a it is derived from N and g : k = H(N, g). It is used to prevent a 2-for-1 guess when an active attacker impersonates the server.
 * s is a salt.
 * $I$ is an identifying username.
 * p is the user's password.
 * v is the host's password verifier, v = g$x$ where at a minimum x = H(s, p). As x is only computed on the client it is free to choose a stronger algorithm. An implementation could choose to use $x = H(s | I | p)$ without affecting any steps required of the host. The standard RFC2945 defines $x = H(s | H ( I | ":" | p) )$. Use of $I$ within x avoids a malicious server from being able to learn if two users share the same password.
 * A and B are random one time ephemeral keys of the user and host respectively.
 * | (pipe) denotes concatenation.

All other variables are defined in terms of these.

First, to establish a password p with server Steve, client Carol picks a random salt s, and computes x = H(s, p), v = g$x$. Steve stores v and s, indexed by $I$, as Carol's password verifier and salt. Carol must not share x with anybody, and must safely erase it at this step, because it is equivalent to the plaintext password p. This step is completed before the system is used as part of the user registration with Steve. Note that the salt s is shared and exchanged to negotiate a session key later so the value could be chosen by either side but is done by Carol so that she can register $I$, s and v in a single registration request. The transmission and authentication of the registration request is not covered in SRP.

Then to perform a proof of password at a later date the following exchange protocol occurs:

 * 1) Carol → Steve: generate random value a; send $I$ and A = g$a$
 * 2) Steve → Carol: generate random value b; send s and B = kv + g$b$
 * 3) Both: u = H(A, B)
 * 4) Carol: SCarol = (B − kg$x$)(a + ux) = (kv + g$b$ − kg$x$)(a + ux) = (kg$x$ − kg$x$ + g$b$)(a + ux) = (g$b$)(a + ux)
 * 5) Carol: KCarol = H(SCarol)
 * 6) Steve: SSteve = (Av$u$)$b$ = (g$a$v$u$)$b$ = [g$a$(g$x$)$u$]$b$ = (ga + ux)$b$ = (g$b$)(a + ux)
 * 7) Steve: KSteve = H(SSteve) = KCarol

Now the two parties have a shared, strong session key K. To complete authentication, they need to prove to each other that their keys match. One possible way is as follows:

 * 1) Carol → Steve: $M_{1} = H[H(N) XOR H(g) | H(I) | s | A | B | K_{Carol}]$. Steve verifies M1.
 * 2) Steve → Carol: $M_{2} = H(A | M_{1} | K_{Steve})$. Carol verifies M2.

This method requires guessing more of the shared state to be successful in impersonation than just the key. While most of the additional state is public, private information could safely be added to the inputs to the hash function, like the server private key.

Alternatively, in a password-only proof the calculation of K can be skipped and the shared S proven with:

 * 1) Carol → Steve: $M_{1} = H(A | B | S_{Carol})$. Steve verifies M1.
 * 2) Steve → Carol: $M_{2} = H(A | M_{1} | S_{Steve})$. Carol verifies M2.

When using SRP to negotiate a shared key K which will be immediately used after the negotiation, it is tempting to skip the verification steps of M1 and M2. The server will reject the very first request from the client which it cannot decrypt. This can however be dangerous as demonstrated in the Implementation Pitfalls section below.

The two parties also employ the following safeguards:

 * 1) Carol will abort if she receives B = 0 (mod N) or u = 0.
 * 2) Steve will abort if he receives A (mod N) = 0.
 * 3) Carol must show her proof of K (or S) first. If Steve detects that Carol's proof is incorrect, he must abort without showing his own proof of K (or S)

Offline bruteforce attack with server-first messaging in the absence of key verification
If the server sends an encrypted message without waiting for verification from the client then an attacker is able to mount an offline bruteforce attack similar to hash cracking. This can happen if the server sends an encrypted message in the second packet alongside the salt and B or if key verification is skipped and the server (rather than the client) sends the first encrypted message. This is tempting as after the very first packet, the server has every information to compute the shared key K.

The attack goes as follow:

 * 1) Carol → Steve: generate random value a; send $I$ and A = g$a$
 * 2) Steve: $u = H(A, B); S=Avu; K=H(S)$
 * 3) Steve: generate message m and encrypts it to produce $c=ENC(K,m)$
 * 4) Steve → Carol: generate random value b; send s, $B = kv + gb$ and c

Carol doesn't know x or v. But given any password p she can compute:

Kp is the key that Steve would use if p was the expected password. All values required to compute Kp are either controlled by Carol or known from the first packet from Steve. Carol can now try to guess the password, generate the corresponding key, and attempt to decrypt Steve's encrypted message c to verify the key. As protocol messages tend to be structured, it is assumed that identifying that c was properly decrypted is easy. This allows offline recovery of the password.

This attack would not be possible had Steve waited for Carol to prove she was able to compute the correct key before sending an encrypted message. Proper implementations of SRP are not affected by this attack as the attacker would be unable to pass the key verification step.

Offline bruteforce based on timing attack
In 2021 Daniel De Almeida Braga, Pierre-Alain Fouque and Mohamed Sabt published PARASITE, a paper in which they demonstrate practical exploitation of a timing attack over the network. This exploits non-constant implementations of modular exponentiation of big numbers and impacted OpenSSL in particular.

Implementations

 * SRP-6 Variables A Java library of cryptographic primitives required to implement the SRP-6 protocol.
 * OpenSSL version 1.0.1 or later.
 * Botan (the C++ crypto library) contains an implementation of SRP-6a
 * TLS-SRP is a set of ciphersuites for transport layer security that uses SRP.
 * srp-client SRP-6a implementation in JavaScript (compatible with RFC 5054), open source, Mozilla Public License (MPL) licensed.
 * The JavaScript Crypto Library includes a JavaScript implementation of the SRP protocol, open source, BSD licensed.
 * Gnu Crypto provide a Java implementation licensed under the GNU General Public License with the "library exception", which permits its use as a library in conjunction with non-Free software.
 * The Legion of the Bouncy Castle provides Java and C# implementations under the MIT License.
 * Nimbus SRP is a Java library providing a verifier generator, client and server-side sessions. Includes interfaces for custom password key, client and server evidence message routines. No external dependencies. Released under the Apache 2.0 license.
 * srplibcpp is a C++ implement base on MIRACL.
 * DragonSRP is a C++ modular implementation currently works with OpenSSL.
 * Json2Ldap provides SRP-6a authentication to LDAP directory servers.
 * csrp SRP-6a implementation in C.
 * Crypt-SRP SRP-6a implementation in Perl.
 * pysrp SRP-6a implementation in Python (compatible with csrp).
 * py3srp SRP-6a implementation in pure Python3.
 * srptools Tools to implement Secure Remote Password (SRP) authentication in Python. Verified compatible libraries.
 * Meteor web framework's Accounts system implements SRP for password authentication.
 * srp-rb SRP-6a implementation in Ruby.
 * falkmueller demo SRP-6a implementation of the Stanford SRP Protocol Design in JavaScript and PHP under the MIT License.
 * srp-6a-demo SRP-6a implementation in PHP and JavaScript.
 * thinbus-srp-js SRP-6a implementation in JavaScript. Comes with compatible Java classes which use Nimbus SRP a demonstration app using Spring Security. There is also a demonstration application performing authentication to a PHP server. Released under the Apache License.
 * Stanford JavaScript Crypto Library (SJCL) implements SRP for key exchange.
 * node-srp is a JavaScript client and server (node.js) implementation of SRP.
 * SRP6 for C# and Java implementation in C# and Java.
 * ALOSRPAuth is an Objective-C implementation of SRP-6a.
 * go-srp is a Go implementation of SRP-6a.
 * tssrp6a is a TypeScript implementation of SRP-6a.
 * TheIceNet Cryptography Java library to develop cryptography-based Spring Boot applications. Implements SRP-6a. Under Apache License.
 * SRP-6a in .NET implementation of SRP-6a
 * Apple Homekit Apple Homekit uses SRP when pairing with "smart" home accessories & devices
 * Proton Mail Authentication for Email Encryption
 * SRP is a Go implementation of SRP, used to authenticate users on Posterity.

History
The SRP project was started in 1997. Two different approaches to fixing a security hole in SRP-1 resulted in SRP-2 and SRP-3. SRP-3 was first published in 1998 in a conference. RFC 2945, which describes SRP-3 with SHA1, was published in 2000. SRP-6, which fixes "two-for-one" guessing and messaging ordering attacks, was published in 2002. SRP-6a appeared in the official "libsrp" in version 2.1.0, dated 2005. SRP-6a is found in standards as:

 * ISO/IEC 11770-4:2006 "Key Agreement Mechanism 2" (calls the method "SRP-6, but has the k calculation of 6a)
 * RFC 5054 TLS-SRP of 2007 (again referred to as "SRP-6", but corrected in erratum )
 * IEEE Std 1363.2-2008 "DLAPKAS-SRP6" (again referred to as "SRP-6")

IEEE 1363.2 also includes a description of "SRP5", a variant replacing the discrete logarithm with an elliptic curve contributed by Yongge Wang in 2001. It also describes SRP-3 as found in RFC 2945.

Manual pages

 * pppd(8): Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon
 * srptool(1): Simple SRP password tool

RFCs

 * - Telnet Authentication: SRP
 * - The SRP Authentication and Key Exchange System (version 3)
 * - Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI)
 * - Securing Block Storage Protocols over IP
 * - Guidelines for Working Groups on Intellectual Property Issues
 * - Using the Secure Remote Password (SRP) Protocol for TLS Authentication

Other links

 * IEEE 1363
 * SRP Intellectual Property Slides (Dec 2001 - possible deprecated) The EKE patents mentioned expired in 2011 and 2013.

title: Secure Remote Password protocol


text:
User:Andreww

Things I am (hoping to be) working on (as time permits)

 * Improving the article content for the common clay minerals.
 * Sort out Grid computing and e-Science.
 * Think about new guidelines for biographies of living people.
 * Some cleanup (from time to time).
 * Looking for references

My useful links
How to archive a talk page

Please leave any messages on my talk page.

title: User:Andreww


text:
Talk:Wong Kei

I know that some people reading what has been written so far will think it's POV, but Wong Kei's really is infamous for it's arrogant waiters and impolite service. It's also one of the only restaurants that most people familiar with Chinatown will know the name of. Apparently (as can be seen from the review I linked) it's been well-established for a long time. I'll have to investigate the history further. 15:26, 2004 Dec 21 (UTC)
 * I'll confirm that its service is well-known for being rude. Kappa 16:02, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Got to admit, between Prince Charles Cinema and this entry I've figured out something I'll be doing at Christmas :) sheridan 20:27, 2004 Dec 21 (UTC)

I think that around 1980 or so, this restaurant used to occupy the second floor of a property in the nearby blueposts lane before moving to the current site.

Can anyone confirm this?

Additional unconfirmed information.

Owners are based in Hong Kong (from discussions with waiters)

Neutrality
This article reads like a restaurant review in places, and is not as neutral as required by Wikipedia.

 * I have removed the review-like POV comments, though I think it's important to stress that the service is rude, bearing in mind that this is the thing Wong Kei is most famous for. Citations would be very helpful for statements like this, though. -- TinaSparkle 14:41, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

Contribs
Any Contribution from any Wong Kei Staff or ex-Staff would be great on this page - I did most of the recent edits on this on 143.65.99.20 - Must Remember to logon before editing. . Mike

You don't say
"Most online negative feedback appears to be come from one-off customers whereas positive feedback appears to be coming from more regular customers."

No shit! Lfh 15:14, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

WP:FOOD Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Restaurants or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. You can find the related request for tagging here -- TinucherianBot (talk) 11:42, 2 July 2008 (UTC)

Recent Charges
Removed Vandalism from this page ie rat meat, triad front - no sources or proof of any of this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.192.57.202 (talk) 12:26, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Wonky?
A pun? Tsinfandel (talk) 14:52, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

 * A pun on what? 193.35.254.228 (talk) 15:11, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

Seating plan
If you are solo they will tell you to sit all by yourself in the ground floor. If you are two or more they are more polite and invite you(pl) to sit in the upper floor. — Preceding unsigned comment added by OnslowGardens (talk • contribs) 13:37, 2 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wong Kei


text:
Talk:Charles B. Cory

Fiction
Perhaps some mention of his fiction should be made in the main body of the entry? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.98.117.119 (talk) 11:25, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

Untitled
This is my great-great grandfather. Deborah Cory

title: Talk:Charles B. Cory


text:
Rob Overseer

Robert George Howes, known professionally as Overseer (or Rob Overseer) is an English electronic music producer and DJ, also working under the alias Fatlantic and part of Kanute with Rachael Mantle. His works have been included in soundtracks for Blade: Trinity, The Animatrix, Snatch, Any Given Sunday and The Girl Next Door, as well as video games like  Gran Turismo 3, Edgar Torronteras` Extreme Biker,  Need for Speed: Underground, SSX 3, NFL Gameday 2004, several Matchstick Productions ski films, Stuntman, Twin Caliber (Rage Software, 2002) which was used to promote his then new EP "Force Multiply" in game's manual, and Ridge Racer Unbounded. His songs are also frequently used in TV commercials such as "Hairdo" for Vodafone which featured his song Velocity Shift or the Endeavor commercial for Mitsubishi, which featured "Horndog". Also, the MTV show Maui Fever features his single Horndog in the opening credits.

Overseer also records with singer/songwriter Rachael Gray. They first worked together on the track "Sparks" which appeared on the Overseer album "Wreckage" on the Columbia label. Following the success of "Sparks", work began on a full album project under the name Kanute. Also, former UFC fighter Ken Shamrock used Rob's "Slayed" as his entrance theme on his last two fights. In addition, Mauricio "Shogun" Rua used this song as his entrance song for UFC 76 as well as Keith Jardine for UFC 89. On 27 September 2018, Howes announced a new album and change of name stating "Overseer is no more, I am now trading as FATLANTIC" on his personal Facebook page.

Overseer's style is most frequently described as big beat.

Wreckage
Wreckage was released in the US in 2003. The UK release of this album was plagued with many difficulties that led to a six-month delay in its release, prompting Rob to move to new management at the end of 2005.

2006 album
In 2006 Overseer was to make a second album. The album was expected to contain Skylight, a track that featured on the Blade: Trinity soundtrack. It was later announced that the album had been "held up for a little while".

In a reply on his official Twitter, Overseer posted, in regards to a second Kanute album, and the future of Overseer : "Sorry I'm taking my sweet f'ing time, concentrating on Kanute album for next few months, then back to Overseer cheers x"

This could maybe mean that the songs "Skylight", "Invincible Love" and "Hammerhead" may move to a newer album, much like Wreckage, which compiled Overseer tracks from the last 3–5 years they were created.

On 27 September 2018, Howes announced a new album and change of name stating "Overseer is no more, I am now trading as FATLANTIC" on his personal Facebook page

Albums

 * Wreckage (2003 - Columbia)

EPs

 * The Zeptastic (1995 - Soundclash)
 * Hit The Tarmac (1997 - Soundclash)
 * Everything Louder Than Everything Else (2001 - Columbia)
 * Superconductor (2019 - Warner Chapell)

Remixes

 * Adam F. feat. MOP - "Stand Clear" (Overseer Retake) - (2002)
 * Kaiser Chiefs - "I Predict a Riot" (Overseer Remix) - (2005)
 * Overseer - "Slayed" (Kostas Petropoulos Mix)  - (2005)

Compilation appearances

 * Mad Dash Racing (2001) - Stompbox, Insectocutor Dub
 * The Tuxedo (2002) - Screw Up
 * The Animatrix OST (2003) - Supermoves (Animatrix remix)
 * Blade: Trinity OST (2004) - Skylight
 * Need For Speed Underground - Supermoves, Doomsday
 * TOCA Touring Car series - Supermoves
 * SSX3 - Screw Up
 * Gran Turismo 3 - Stompbox, Supermoves, Screw Up
 * Shaun White Snowboarding - Stompbox
 * Edgar Torronteras Extreme Biker - Stompbox, Velocity Shift
 * 'Snatch' (2000) - Supermoves
 * Any Given Sunday OST - Stompbox
 * MotorStorm: Arctic Edge - Hammerhead
 * Stuntman - Basstrap, Velocity Shift
 * Driver: San Francisco - Pump Action
 * Twin Caliber (2002) - Supermoves (used as main menu theme).
 * Ridge Racer Unbounded (2012) - Crash & Burn

With Kanute

 * "Standing Room Only" (2010)
 * "Ursa Minor" (2014)
 * "Flotsam" (2018)

As Fatlantic

 * "Offshore Breaks" (2018)
 * "Gettin Like That" (with Jordan Jane) (2019)

title: Rob Overseer


text: User talk:24.61.196.82

title: User talk:24.61.196.82