text:
Bangkok Metropolitan Region

The Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR) (กรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล; ; lit. 'Bangkok and environs'), may refer to a government-defined "political definition" of the urban region surrounding the metropolis of Bangkok, or the built-up area, i.e., urban agglomeration of Bangkok, Thailand, which varies in size and shape, and gets filled in as development expands.

The political definition is defined as the metropolis and the five adjacent provinces of Nakhon Pathom, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Samut Prakan, and Samut Sakhon.

Area and population
The Bangkok Metropolitan Region (political definition) covers an area of 7,762 km2.

Due to the success of the service and tourism industry in Bangkok, the city has gained in popularity for work among provincial Thais from the rural areas and with people from many countries in the Indochina region as well as many South Asian countries. Since around the turn of the century, there has been a large influx of Indians into Thailand (especially Punjabis, Gujaratis, Tamils and Pashtuns), and also Persians, Portuguese, Khmer Krom, Mons, Chinese, as well as others emigrating to Thailand and Bangkok. There are large numbers of workers who legally reside outside the metropolitan area and travel into the city for day jobs. The population of the Bangkok metropolis ("the city") increases to nine million during the day, from eight million at night. The morning influx into the greater metropolitan region is not very significant, rather the influx is seasonal depending upon crop seasons in the rest of the country.

Urban build-up
Bangkok has seen rapid urbanization since its population reached two million in the 1960s. Since the 1980s, greater Bangkok's built-up areas have spilled beyond Bangkok's borders to neighboring provinces, initially to the north and south. Despite a general suburbanization trend, Bangkok remained centralized and the city core remained extremely dense until the early 2000s as heavy commuter traffic limited choices. The countryside between once independent towns and the capital became ever more filled in, with the advent and expansion of urban rail transit, as well as cheap credit enabling automobile adoption by the working class. The outward push of suburbanization has intensified as park and ride lots near train stations have sprung up.

In a manner similar to Los Angeles, Bangkok is transforming into a region where traffic flows in all directions rather than simply to the central core, as it once did. Suburbanziation has swallowed ever more fields and swamps, though even parts of Bangkok itself are not built-up. The first areas to suburbanize were in Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, and Samut Prakan Provinces. Other areas more recently have agglomerated in Samut Sakhon and Nakhon Pathom. Samut Prakan, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani and Samut Sakhon all have historic city centers.

Due to a lack of strict zoning laws, the metropolitan areas' growth appears haphazard. Central areas like Yaowarat, Siam, Sukhumvit, and Sathorn have seen skyrocketing land speculation as foreign investors are allowed to own condominiums, giving rise to Manhattanization. At the same time, fringe areas are being developed and the boundaries are no longer visible between each provincial city center. Due to the speed of this urban sprawl over the past twenty years, the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration has sought to tackle rising problems of commute times, pollution, and deteriorating air quality. Air quality has been declining year by year,   and the city still lacks an effective mass transit network outside Bangkok proper and a clean and effective plan to resolve environmental issues.

Population
Sources:
 * http://www.citypopulation.de/php/thailand-admin.php (reporting NSO.go.th Census Data, 2010 figures subject to revision.)
 * http://citypopulation.de/php/thailand-prov-admin.php (reporting NSO.go.th 2017 Projections on 2010 Census data)
 * https://dopa.go.th/banner_link/fileDownload/130 (Dept Provincial Affairs Dec 2016)
 * DOPA 2022 via (includes registered non-Thai residents a bit less than 1 million on nationwide citizen waiting list, appears not to include long-stay foreign residents who do not seek citizenship.  Thais may only register single location, those retaining upcountry residency are not counted in region, regardless where they live and work. However, it is interesting to see suburban registration increases while Bangkok does not.)
 * The 2010 Census explicitly counted Thais and those with legal permanent residency status where they resided during the count. The census failed to count long-stay migrants and expats without legal permanent resident status, who are estimated to number from "perhaps [two million]" to "no less [sic] than 3 million" nationwide. Therefore, greater Bangkok's actual population easily surpassed 15 million by the 2010 census.
 * The Department of Provincial Affairs th:กรมการปกครอง (DPA) Grommágaan Bpòkkrong registers Thai population and produces its own statistics separate from National Statistics Office (NSO). Millions live in Bangkok region with upcountry registration.  Expats, migrants, those in refugee camps, and "native" ethnic tribes without Thai nationality may have not been counted DPA until 2016, when separate Thai nationality and Non-Thai was tabulated.  The total registered population of 64,076,033 in 2011 was some 1.4 million fewer than census figures a year earlier.  Thailand is still (2013) trying to officially register migrant workers.
 * As of post-coup 2014, Thailand's Department of Employment released figures showing that 408,507 legal workers from three neighboring states, and 1,630,279 Burmese, 40,546 Laotians, and 153,683 Cambodians without legal work authorization were working and residing in Thailand. Nevertheless, some 180,000 Cambodians were said to have left Thailand post-coup due to rumors of a crackdown on illegals, indicating government figures may have been undercounted.

Economy
For FY 2022, Bangkok Metropolitan Region had a combined economic output of 8.1 trillion baht (US$231 billion), or around half of Thailand's GDP. Bangkok (BMA) had an economic output of 5.747 trillion baht (US$164 billion). This amounts to a GPP per capita of 634,109 baht (US$18,100), half more than Samut Sakhon province, next in the ranking and more than three times for Nonthaburi province, lowest in the ranking.

Traffic
As of 31 October 2012, some 7,384,934 vehicles were registered in the metro area, roughly one vehicle for every two persons. To alleviate the ensuing congestion, massive railway development is ongoing, but its construction is causing large scale disturbance to major thoroughfares.

Destruction of green space
Bangkok's last undisturbed forested zone, Bang Kachao, in Samut Prakan's Phra Pradaeng District, also known as "the green lung" or (กระเพาะหมู; ) ('pig's stomach', due to its shape) is threatened by urban sprawl, especially since a new city plan was implemented by Samut Prakan authorities. The plan has changed the pure green area to a "green and white" area, which allows residents to grow crops. Bang Kachao covers over 11,818 rai in six tambons in Phra Pradaeng.

title: Bangkok Metropolitan Region


text:
Talk:Metal matrix composite

May fit in the article.
Didn't the Formula-1 autority ban the use of such materials for engine blocks, etc., because their very high prices and large performance boost would have the combined effect of forcing smaller teams leave the sport? Thus it would be impossible to have 10 teams x 2 cars on the grid, possibly only Ferrari, Honda, Toyota and the Renault would remain. Therefore F1 engines must be made of traditional metals. 91.83.20.241 (talk) 22:58, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

Laser Cladding

I'm gonna add laser cladding as a fabrication technique

cheers —Preceding unsigned comment added by MaterialGeeza (talk • contribs) 21:16, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

Reinforced carbon-carbon
Isn't RCC the same material ? At least I don't see them seperated by technical definiton. Should both section being merged ? --89.60.249.55 (talk) 20:40, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

MMCs use metals as the 'resin' whereas RCC uses carbon. 135.196.96.66 (talk) 15:05, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

Monolithic Material
Can anyone confirm that this is equivalent to 'single crysatal'? 135.196.96.66 (talk) 15:13, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Metal matrix composite


text: Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee Elections December 2004/Candidate statements/Endorsements/PedanticallySpeaking


text:
Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee Elections December 2004/Candidate statements/Endorsements/Plato

Plato
I'll be honest, I'm not always the perfect little wikipedian I wish I could be, so I don't blame anyone for disendorseing me. :)--[[User:Plato|Comrade Nick @  )---^-- ]] 08:16, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Support

 * Support 100% one of the most level-headed persons I've ever had the honor to interact with. Tony the Marine


text:
Talk:Gogukcheon of Goguryeo

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title: Talk:Gogukcheon of Goguryeo


text:
Lélio

Lélio, ou Le retour à la vie (English: Lélio, or the Return to Life), Op. 14b, is a work incorporating music and spoken text by the French composer Hector Berlioz, intended as a sequel to his Symphonie fantastique. It is written for a narrator, solo tenor and baritone, mixed chorus, and an orchestra including piano.

Composed in Italy in 1831 and initially performed at the Conservatoire de Paris on December 9, 1832, as Le retour à la vie, mélologue en six parties, Lélio incorporated pre-existing compositions. Upon Franz Liszt's solicitation, it underwent revision for a 1855 performance in Weimar and was published the subsequent year. David Cairns highlights Lélio for its unparalleled "immediate impact" within Berlioz's catalogue. Its early appeal, rooted in the fusion of Romantic aesthetics and the interplay between declamation and music, has, however, led to its perception as dated, thus its infrequent revival and recording in contemporary times.

Overview
Lélio is a kind of sequel to Symphonie fantastique and makes use of the famous idée fixe (the recurring musical theme symbolising the beloved) from that work. Both the symphony and Lélio were inspired by the composer's unhappy love affairs, the symphony by Harriet Smithson, Lélio by Marie Moke, who had broken off her engagement to Berlioz in order to marry Camille Pleyel, prompting the composer to contemplate suicide. Lélio is a record of the composer overcoming his despair and "returning to life" via the consolations of music and literature. Berlioz later revised his intentions, making it seem as if both the symphony and Lélio were about Harriet Smithson (she later became his wife). The symphony uses programme music to describe a despairing artist trying to kill himself with an overdose of opium, leading to a series of increasingly terrifying visions. The programme of Lélio describes the artist wakening from these dreams, musing on William Shakespeare, his sad life, and not having a woman. He decides that if he can't put this unrequited love out of his head, he will immerse himself in music. He then leads an orchestra to a successful performance of one of his new compositions and the story ends peacefully.

Lélio consists of six musical pieces presented by an actor who stands on stage in front of a curtain concealing the orchestra, chorus and solo singers. The actor's dramatic monologues explain the meaning of the music in the life of the artist. The work begins and ends with the idée fixe theme, linking Lélio to the Symphonie fantastique.

The music
The six pieces of music are: 1. Le pêcheur – Ballade ("The Fisherman – Ballad")
 * A setting of a translation of Goethe's ballad Der Fischer.

2. Choeur d'ombres (Chorus of Shades)
 * An evocation of the ghostly atmosphere of Shakespeare's Hamlet, this piece reuses music from Berlioz's cantata La mort de Cléopâtre.

3. Chanson de brigands ("Brigands' Song")
 * A celebration of the freedom of life enjoyed by outlaws in Calabria.

4. Chant de bonheur – Souvenirs ("Song of Happiness – Memories")
 * A tenor hymn in praise of the artist's recovered happiness. The music was originally used in the cantata La mort d'Orphée (1827).

5. La harpe éolienne ("The Aeolian Harp")
 * For orchestra alone, this is another reworking of music from the cantata La mort d'Orphée. The Aeolian harp was an important symbol of artistic inspiration in Romanticism.

6. Fantaisie sur la «Tempête» de Shakespeare ("Fantasy on Shakespeare's The Tempest")
 * A piece of programme music based on Shakespeare's The Tempest for orchestra and chorus (singing in Italian). "The work marks the first appearance of the piano as an orchestral instrument. Berlioz, who rarely repeated himself, never made use of it again." (Cairns p. 382)

Instrumentation: 2 flutes (2nd also piccolo), 2 oboes (2nd also English horn), 2 clarinets, 4 bassoons 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, ophicleide, timpani, bass drum, tam-tam, harp, piano (2 and 4 hand), strings

Recordings

 * Lambert Wilson (narrator), Montreal Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Charles Dutoit (Decca)
 * Orchestre National de l'ORTF, conducted by Jean Martinon (EMI)
 * Pierre Boulez Conducts Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique and Lélio
 * London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Pierre Boulez; recording in public domain
 * Depardieu, Zeffiri, Ketelsen, CSO, Muti; recorded in 2010, released in 2015
 * Jean-Philippe Lafont (narrator), Cyrille Dubois (tenor), Florian Sempey (baritone), Vienna Symphony, conducted by Philippe Jordan; recorded in 2018, released in 2019 (Sony)

title: Lélio


text:
Talk:Skunks as pets

Proposed revisions
Nathanlarson32767 07:20, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC) Thanks, Nathanlarson32767 04:37, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC) I think that If a person would like a skunk as a pet they should be able to get one,after going through somekind of course to learn how to take proper care of them,NO MATTER WHAT STATE THERE IN. I myself like skunks and would like to own one,but where I live they are not leagel, thats not fair.
 * How can the Table of Contents be made less choppy, while still making it easy to find information at a glance?
 * What are some other sections that could be added to make it less of a skunk-care-focused article?
 * Does anyone have any information about pet skunks in other countries, that could be added to make this article less Americo-centric?
 * What info should be added to the lead paragraph?
 * Is anyone noticing specific layout problems?
 * Update - most of this stuff has been resolved.

I'm not sure this belongs here
There seems to be plenty of information in this article, but I'm not convinced it is the kind of information I would expect to find in an encyclopedia. Apart from the huge list of legal statuses (disproportionately US-centric), this seems to be (at a glance) more of a "guide to skunk-keeping" than anything else, and as such I would suggest belongs on Wikibooks more than here. I don't mean to discourage the effort that has clearly been put into it so far, but Wikipedia is not an entire reference library; Wikibooks, essentially, is. - IMSoP 22:53, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, you're probably right - and the disputes over what is proper skunk care advice have been the bane of my existence the last few weeks. Nathanlarson32767 03:33, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Playing devil's advocate for the other point of view, though, the original idea was to give an overview of what it is like to own a skunk. If you look at ferret, there is an abbreviated guide to ferret care, probably included for the same reason. Neither article is complete enough to be a reference book on caring for the animal.
 * Also, there are a lot of articles in Wikipedia that one wouldn't expect to see in an encyclopedia—for instance, Gunship (game), Jujyfruits, and MHM Services. Those subjects are not of interest to enough people to warrant the space in Brittanica, but they are the kinds of things I would look up on Wiki. Nathanlarson32767 03:53, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * My concern was not so much that an encyclopedia should not contain information about pet ferrets, but rather that the volume of specific advice (e.g. "Foods to avoid", "Skunks should not be declawed...", etc.) makes this feel more like a "how to" guide than an informational article. Now, it's by no means universally agreed that such information should not be here, but there are some/many who feel that Wikipedia should be informational rather than instructional. The current feel of this page (for me) is of a web-page about how to care for a skunk rather than an article that forms part of a general encyclopedia. - IMSoP 23:52, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * [PS: Your mention of "disputes" made me realise you've been removing discussions from this Talk page; this is generally frowned upon since it's often useful to see how decisions / agreements were arrived at. If the page gets really long, you can split some off into an archive sub-page, like Talk:Pet skunk/Archive1, but until then it's best to just leave it be.]
 * Well, my own opinion is that an encyclopedia should be informational as well as contain basic instuctions. If the article were about dogs, there would be proper diet and medical care for them listed as well as intructions about walking every so often, etc., wouldn't there? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hillbillylingo (talk • contribs) 17:58, 11 December 2004
 * Most of the discussions (which were voluminous) took place over email, so they didn't appear here. I will leave future postings up.
 * I agree with you about the tone. There is a fine line between an informational article and a how-to. I don't know if the ferret page is a good example to be working from, but it seems like they are trying to walk the same line of providing an overall impression of what it's like to own that pet without turning it totally into a how-to. E.g.:
 * Ferrets are also fine backyard companions and especially enjoy 'helping' you in the garden. However, they should not be allowed to wander; ferrets are fearless to the point of foolishness and will get into whatever holes they will find, including storm drains. Whenever they are outside they should be closely supervised and preferably kept in a harness leash.
 * The "should" statements, at first glance, seem a little unusual in an encyclopedia. However, consider this excerpt from a Funk & Wagnalls encyclopedia article on cats:
 * Diseases in Cats. Regular checkups for cats by a veterinarian should be the first consideration of cat owners. Diseases contracted by cats include pneumonia, rabies, skin ailments, worms, and feline enteritis. The last named, a highly contagious, often fatal disease, is now controlled by inoculations that are started while kittens are being weaned.
 * General Care. . . . Cats' nails need frequent trimming; to prevent damage to furniture, animals that live indoors without access to trees should be provided with a scratching post. . ..
 * So, it is not unheard of to see that type of tone in an encyclopedia article. Owing to the space devoted to skunk care, this article is probably on the borderline. My concern about putting it in wiki-books is that it's too much of a summary and distillation of info to be useful as a full-fledged reference book in itself. Also, there's the practical concern that wiki-books is where Wikipedia was a few years ago—pretty threadbare and not used by many people. It might be better to wait until they have some more momentum going before moving a niche subject like this there, where it might go totally unused.

Nathanlarson32767 00:48, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * See also How-to.

Nathanlarson32767 03:11, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The skunk care section has since been trimmed to about 1/3 the total article size. Nathanlarson32767 14:08, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Worm discussion (restored from deleted talk page)
The section about worms is fictional, and needs to be updated, changed, or removed. Almafeta 05:16, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Can you explain in more detail about the worms? The info came from Skunk Stuff. Jane Bone has been studying skunks for about 30 years and her work has gone through successive revisions over the years.Nathanlarson32767 05:36, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I know Mrs. Bone's work, which is usually top-notch, but this is a myth (similar to the 'all skunks are born rabid' myth that still spreads). Although there are special breeds of parasites especially adapted to skunks, they are not the sole carriers (dogs often carry Baylisascaris columnaris as well), and a skunk from a throughly hygienic breeder will not have these worms.  I'm not saying it's not a danger, however—perhaps the worms part of the veterinary care section could be changed to "problems" that list common problems that a skunk might face (such as distemper and weak immune systems).  Anyhow, it's nice to see a fellow skunk lover about.  :)  Almafeta 06:28, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The main carriers of Baylisascaris are raccoons. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.46.221.112 (talk) 00:37, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Pet skunk → Domestic skunk
"Domestic skunk" is the more formal name. -- Nathanlarson32767 06:55, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support Nathanlarson32767 06:55, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose - I think the term "domestic skunk" is factually inaccurate, since these have not been "domesticated" in any way (as far as I can tell from the article) - they are merely tame. Domestication is not synonymous with "taming" - Domesticated animals, plants, and other organisms are those whose collective behavior, life cycle, or physiology has been altered as a result of their breeding and living conditions being under human control for multiple generations.  Unless these skunks have been altered much more than I can tell, they would not qualify as domestic, and thus, the new title, while a useful re-direct, is not a suitable page title.  There may be something better than Pet skunk - that doesn't really have the ring of a formal encyclopedia entry to me - but the name of an article should at least be factually accurate.  Guettarda 20:09, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Guettarda said it well. "Skunks as pets" may be a better article title. - UtherSRG 20:50, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Possibly. The literature refers to both "Skunks as pets" and "Domestic skunks". I wonder, though, how many years of captive breeding it takes for an animal to be considered domestic? It took many generations to obtain the brown, tan, and white skunks we have today. As the article notes, they were raised for fur for several hundred years. By comparison, ferrets have been raised in captivity for about 2,500 years, and they are definitely considered domestic by now. Ferrets and skunks have many of the same care issues, in reference to housebreaking, etc. Nathanlarson32767 21:02, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Most animal articles, such as cat, dog, ferret, horse, etc. combine the feral/domesticated animal information into one article. Skunk and spotted skunk used to be that way, but I broke off the pet skunk content into its own article. Should it be integrated back into skunk? Nathanlarson32767 21:28, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Per an email from Jane Bone, of Skunks as Pets: "Well, they are domestic skunks that are in fact pets. Pet skunks could refer to the ones from the wild.  Where as Domestic Skunks mean not from the wild" In other words, a domestic skunk is one that was bred in captivity, as opposed to being caught in the woods and turned into a pet. Nathanlarson32767 21:55, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merging back in would probably make sense, although it is quite long now for that. Note that there is a difference between a "domestic" animal (one kept as a pet) and a "domesticated" animal (one which has been bred through many generations so as to be adapted to living with humans). While cats, dogs, horses, ferrets etc. are all domesticated (although they can all go feral) and the behavioral difference is enough for biologists to label them as subspecies of their wild cousins, pet skunks are simply "tamed" wild animals and are more akin to pet rats, ferrets, rabbits, reptiles, or even cuttlefish; their behaviors are very similar to those of their wild kin. So while it is wholely appropriate to have a distinct article for the domesticated subspecies, it is more appropriate to note on the species page some information about their being kept as pets. Remember also that Wikipedia is not a pet owner's manual. - UtherSRG 22:13, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Here is what Lynnda Butler of Skunks as Pets said in an email: "They are all referred to as domestic pen-raised skunks...and by the way, they get wonderful care!!!!  I should be so lucky.   This way they have been kept far from any disease and rabies contact.  We try to correct vets who refer to them as "exotic"....they are not....that seems to give them a license to charge more!!!!!   Lynnda" Not to digress, but there is nothing listed on the "Wikipedia is not" page about pet owners' instructions. Wikipedia also has numerous How-to guides with procedural instructions. Nathanlarson32767 23:09, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Captive breeding, care, all these things to not make animals domesticated. Lab rats are not domesticated, ferrets are borderline.  Colour patterns are easy to change - it often takes just a few genes.  Even so - almost all the animals in the pictures have 'wild-type' patterns.  I understand that they are loving, hand-raised pets.  But most domestics (all that I can think of) are classified as separate species (or at least sub-species) from their wild relatives.  In addition, I would hazard a guess that at least a certain proportion of pet skunks are actually wild-caught, or within a few generations from the wild.  Or is there a distinction between "domestic" skunks (which have seen maybe a hundred generations of captive breeding) and simply "tame" skunks?  If there is, I am willing to revise my position, but then the article should only apply to those skunks, and not simply any old skunk kept as a pet.  Guettarda 01:47, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If the criteria for calling them domesticated is that there has to be an official sub-species of domesticated skunks, then they are not domesticated. Skunk taxonomy (and skunk research in general) is in an early stage of development; it was only recently that DNA work led to them being transferred out of the weasel family. I don't have enough information to know how big a difference there is between the wild skunk lines and the captive-bred skunk lines, which make up the vast majority of legally-owned pet skunks. Anyway, if they're not going to be called "domesticated," what do you think would be a good article name? (For reference, here is the article Domestic vs. Domesticated by Pamela Troutman of Shelters that Adopt and Rescue Ferrets.) Nathanlarson32767 04:26, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Usage of "domestic skunk" in skunk literature: Bow to Me for I am the Domestic Skunk by Diana Geiger, People for Domestic Skunks, American Domestic Skunk Association, Pet Peoples Place article mentions "a domestic skunk, bred in captivity." "Domestic skunk" turns up 2,340 Google hits, compared to 31 for "domestic raccoon," although both have been raised as pets. Nathanlarson32767 11:15, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. While "domestic skunk" may get 2,340 Google hits, "pet skunk" gets about five times that many. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 13:23, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose Domestic and pet are not synomyms. Icundell 12:08, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. It's cool where it is. I like the idea of a pet skunk. - Ta bu shi da yu 13:08, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * However, note language used in [[Media:Hb0091f.PDF|House Bill 91]], An Act Concerning Disease Prevention - Rabies - Domestic Skunks, Maryland House of Delegates, 2001.   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 07:12, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. "Domestic skunk" is less common and less accurate. →Raul654 07:55, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. Having been born in captivity does not domestication make, as common sense or a visit to the local zoo will tell you.  Do not confuse "fluffy" with "formal."  (As an aside, should we really be looking to someone who uses "...." as a punctuation mark as an authority in a semantics debate?)  A. D. Hair (t&m) 13:11, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. There would be little benefit from moving the page, other than making it harder to find.
 * Oppose but also  oppose the status quo  as A demomestic skunk is a type of skunk, a pet skunk is not a type of skunk. Actualy now I think about it I can't think of a clear cut reason why this is so but it seems intuitivly acurate. Is it up to us how we catogarise animals or biologists?--JK the unwise 14:42, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Well.. the unofficial distinction I have heard is that any skunk that likes sitting on the couch watching TV with you is probably domestic. 205.217.105.2 22:00, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support I think many here are confusing the words 'domestic' and 'domesticated' a domestic skunk is a skunk that lives in a domestic environment - which pet skunks do. Moreover, the word 'pet' had certain connotations of care and appreciation, which, sadly, is not always the case, as any animal resue worker will tell you. Regardless of the hits on google, the name Domestic Skunk sounds more academic and less silly, which is the aim of any encyclopaedia. The search item 'Pet skunk' would still, obviously link here if the name were changed. -- Tom dl (talk) 02:16, 9 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose. 'Domestic skunk' just doesn't have that ring to it. Danleugers (talk) 19:37, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

Legality section
I wonder if the "Legality in North America" section could be "lightened up" a bit. I notice there is now information about Canada, but this still leaves the rest of the world missing, and I worry that if as much detail were given for every country as is given about the US, the section would go on and on for far too long. Now, my initial thought was that the entire list could contain the same information in much less space, by being summarised along the lines of
 * "... they are illegal in most states, with the following exceptions: Alabama (if bred in the state); Florida (with permit); Georgia (except black & whites); Indiana (with permit) ..." etc.

I see, however, that some effort has been put into tracking down the applicable laws in each state, including those where it is illegal, and it seems a shame to just delete that information. But then, other than as a source for the information, is anyone going to want to read laws which are flat bans? If not, perhaps "we" [it would be unjust for me to claim a significant part in this article] can do numbered links for those that allow some, and leave the rest summarised? - IMSoP 23:22, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree it takes up a lot of room. The main purpose of breaking the laws out by state was that readers were disputing about which states were legal and which weren't. All of the info originally came from Skunks at Pets. Then some people from Skunk Haven started making edits, turning some "legal" states to "illegal," etc. To make sure it was accurate, and to facilitate an convenient means of checking back on the laws in case they changed, I started adding links to the statutes. Sometimes the state laws have a provision saying skunks are legal, as long as you have a permit, but then an administration refuses to issue any permits, so it shows up on someone's web site as "Illegal". Some states allow you to have skunks under strict conditions. For instance, some states require them to be kept in enclosures, while others only issue permits for research permits. Those I usually counted as "Illegal". These laws are rather hard to research sometimes. Some states don't even own their statutes database; Lexis-Nexis or somebody owns it.

 * Here are a few possibilities:
 * Use a state-by-state map, similar to the one at Owners of pet skunks,
 * Move the state law details to the talk page,
 * Hide the state law details in the main article as invisible text that people will see when they make an edit, or
 * Use a sub-page off of the main page, similar to how some talk pages archive old discussions.
 * Nathanlarson32767 23:43, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It is probably enough to only talk about legality in English-speaking countries, since there are separate Wikis for the others.. Nathanlarson32767 23:50, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, that's not a 100% convincing argument: as an encyclopedia, Wikipedia in any language covers all sorts of information - we have articles on the history of France, for instance, although I'm sure the French Wikipedia covers them better. I know it's not quite the same, and in this case you might be right, but that still leaves an awful lot to cover, so if people start researching this, I guess we'll have to create a Legality of pet skunks article (or somesuch - automatic subpages are not allowed in the article namespace, only for Talk:, Wikipedia:, etc). - IMSoP 13:26, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah. It was rather difficult trying to find info about legality in other countries, since I don't speak other languages, and pet skunks aren't common in very many countries. The Legality of pet skunks page sounds like a good idea.   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 16:49, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Maybe both the legality and politics sections could be moved to a seperate article, as they only deal with North America.--213.162.108.112 00:44, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Have you guys considered using a table? This is what they were designed for, after all. - Ta bu shi da yu 00:59, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * OK I put a table. Any suggestions for prettifying it?   — Nathanlarson32767 | (Talk) 03:39, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I've folded the ext. links and details back into the table, because it just made things harder to find, and take up more space, having them seperate. I know it makes the table look rather wide (if you have a large scree resolution & window size) but I'm not entirely sure what to do about it.
 * My other thought, which I haven't done yet, was that they could be colour-coded: red for illegal, green for legal, yellow for legal with conditions. (See Comparison of instant messengers for an example of how to do this / how it would look).
 * Oh, and Wisconsin had a reference to a statute, but no entry in the table, so someone needs to check what it should actually say (demonstrating the problem of seperating information rather neatly, I guess). - IMSoP 13:26, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'm posting here rather than editing as I'm not an expert; however, I do work with the Captive Wild Animal Protection Coalition (CWAPC), which closely tracks legislation regarding the legality of keeping wild animals as pets (and by any reasonable standard of "domestic", skunks are still "wild"); the article currently states this: "In the 20th century, most U.S. states outlawed the keeping of wild animals as part of their efforts to stem the spread of rabies. Only about one-third of states continued to allow domestic skunks."

As a point of fact, "most" U.S. states by no measure outlaw the keeping of wild animals; some, certainly not most, have outlawed the keeping of "dangerous" wild animals; in most states, all that is needed, if anything, is an easily obtainable USDA permit to keep anything from monkeys to lions. By the CWAPC count, only 13 states prohibit the keeping of wild animals; 9 other have only a partial prohibition (which generally means prohibiting things like lions, tigers and crocodiles, but not skunks); 15 other states have no laws whatsoever on keeping animals like skunk, mountain lions, and alligators as pets, and the rest only require a nominal payment to a government agency. That means that only 25% of the states outlaw keeping pet skunks, and that's assuming that skunks are implicitly or explicitly covered by the state anti-wild-pet law. I'm not saying the CWAPC necessarily has it right, but you can see the list here: http://cwapc.org/legislation/state.html  and if the "most U.S. states" line is right, it should at least include a reference to the relevant legislation. Cmerrick 09:15, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Continued streamlining of skunk care overview
I have trimmed the skunk care overview, so that it is about 1/3 the total article size. I have mainly tried to keep stuff that gives an overall impression of skunk care, and also the Diet and Roundworms sections, because they were controversial and it is hard to find NPOV info elsewhere on the internet. Should the skunk care overview be trimmed further, and if so what parts? Nathanlarson32767 23:54, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, I went ahead and eliminated the lengthy checklists of healthy/unhealthy skunk signs. Nathanlarson32767 00:29, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Explanation of "pet skunks are not for everyone"
There was a part of the "Handling skunks" section reading "pet skunks are not for everyone," which Neutrality deleted a moment ago. That is a good change, in my opinion, since it makes the style more encyclopaedic.

That language had originally been added to satisfy certain users who were adding warnings throughout the article (e.g. some skunks can't be housebroken) in order to deter would-be skunk owners, and also inserting numerous pitches for their organization. It was headed toward an edit war, so I added the General Considerations section, that other language, and a paragraph about their organization as a compromise.

Anyway, I don't know if they'll be making more edits, but I'm sure we can work something out. Here was one of the emails received Dec. 8, 2004 in reference to that matter. — Nathanlarson32767 (Talk) 07:32, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, I've come to the conclusion that you are an INSANE
 * hypocrite. You accuse me of following anecdotal
 * evidence, when I pointed out that Deb is the only one
 * with blood values and blood tests on her side to prove
 * that her diet is beneficial to her skunks. THEN you
 * take the only shred of scientific evidence on your
 * entire TERM PAPER off??? Yesterday there was info on
 * there about Deb's vet, and how to contact him. Today,
 * GONE. Yesterday there was info on there about Deb's
 * diet plan, and a link to the skunkhaven site about it.
 * Today, GONE. You claim you're going to butt out and
 * let 'the skunk people' take over the article. Are you
 * going to continue to delete everything that Deb puts
 * on there? Because that's what appears to be
 * happening. If it's not you doing the erasing of
 * things, then you better think seriously about shutting
 * the whole article down.

 * I don't normally insert my comments into the middle of another's, but this long, weirdly-formatted one's comments cannot be addressed easily without doing so, so I will make an exception This time.

 * 1.) This is not a "term paper". Either your English is not fluent, or I have no idea why you're calling it that. This is an encyclopedia article.

 * 2.) If that person has blood tests to support her claims, please note where they can be found in the References section, so they can be referenced in the article to cite the claims you believe should stay. Also note however that if anyone has criticized or questioned these results, or if the results are self-published outside of accepted, peer-reviewed scientific journals, that should be noted in order to maintain encyclopedic accuracy and neutrality in the article. You would expect the same of any claims contrary to this, would you not?

 * 3.)From the sounds of it, a single diet plan was only a small portion of what was removed. It was removed because apparently the article was sounding more like a how-to guide than an encyclopedic entry, and the how-to stuff was dominating the article in place of a basic informational overview. It also sounds as if somebody suspected a neutrality issue (one person spamming or disproportionately supporting one view over another). Please calm down.

 * 4.)Anybody can edit Wikipedia, and you can see who removed what by checking the History page for the article, including the ability to compare and contrast different edits side-by-side. Look it up yourself.

 * 5.)Nobody is going to shut down an entire Wikipedia article just because WAH WAH SOMEBODY KEEPS REMOVING A SINGLE PORTION OF INFORMATION. I'm sorry to take a sarcastic tone, but really, that's not how Wikipedia works. If you are going to be commenting on how an article is being handled, you should brush up on how it does work, as well as its policies and guidelines. Articles are only really deleted if their subject is not considered "notable" enough to support having its own article. All articles online at Wikipedia can be considered Works in Progress. Runa27 21:26, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Nice of you to turn Deb's invite to Skunfest down,
 * while deleting the info about it on your site at the
 * same time. If you're going to use that crap in your
 * second reply to me about Deb having updates soon as
 * the reason you took her info off, you can shove that.
 * Deb will ALWAYS have updates, because her research
 * never stops.

 * Nice of YOU to inexplicably bring what appears to be a private conversation into the public and confuse the hell out of anyone who wasn't the one person you're actually responding to. Especially when it's as something ridiculous and irrelevant to the article as "Wah wah, you turned down some other person's invitation to some event/site nobody's heard of and removed the link on your personal website." Unless... wait, you're not referring to the links section here on the Wikipedia article, are you?

 * Besides, a link to a non-independently-notable external site or event can be considered spam in some circumstances. Most likely, that was why it was removed. Calm down. It happens all the time. Runa27 21:26, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * If you want to read anecdotal evidence, I have LOADS
 * of emails from the Bone-heads themselves saying the
 * craziest crap you've ever heard in your life. One
 * such INSANITY is that you can never ever feed a
 * healthy skunk a raw egg because it will kill it. But
 * if a skunk is near death the only thing that will save
 * it is to feed it a raw egg. What the hell is the
 * scientific evidence in that? My skunk's been eating
 * free-range raw eggs for years now, and doesn't seem to
 * be nearing the grave.

 * What you just said is a combination of "stuff that couldn't be put into Wikipedia because of reliability issues" and "stuff that makes no sense".

 * 1.)Private emails are usually univerifiable sources, not considered reliable for Wikipedia.

 * 2.)If they did say you shouldn't feed a raw egg, I'm sure it's because of say, salmonella or other infection concerns, not because of some weird anti-egg bias.

 * 3.)If a skunk is near death. You feed it an egg. And that... is the only thing that will save them. Riiiight. That is the biggest bullshit I have ever heard. "Near death" includes being hit by a car or electrocuted. Are you claiming this, or are you claiming they claimed it? Your phrasing is a bit ambiguous. Please clarify.

 * 4.)Keep your POV out of the article, please. We are trying to create a neutral, informative encyclopedia article. Calling someone a "Bone-head" is not particularly conducive to that. Runa27 21:26, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Your site doesn't even have the correct info on it for
 * which states are legal and which are illegal. Deb has
 * rescues that were confiscated in illegal states.

 * If it isn't correct, then change it. Jeez. Runa27 21:26, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * The people you are dealing with have actually
 * threatened Deb with harm(Deb has loads of proof in
 * writing), threatened to burn her house down, and
 * threatened to kill her skunks. You are not dealing
 * with stable people here. If I were you, personally,
 * instead of being in the middle of this insanity, I'd
 * take the whole damned thing off the wiki site and quit
 * now. If you think I'm joking, I've got those emails
 * to show you too. There are some seriously unstable
 * people in the skunk world. They have good spelling
 * and grammar, but the conscience of a turnip. If
 * you're lucky you won't find out about that aspect of
 * them.

 * All we have for this is your word. "Emails" aren't proof of anything since they can be faked, unless she has actually noted something about death threats on her site we don't even have a shred of evidence for it other than an angry and nearly deranged-sounding poster on Wikipedia's (a poster which does not even know the deletion policies on Wikipedia, I might add; simply having some inaccurate information in it, nor people the information comes from allegedly being "unstable", are not valid reasons to delete an article on this site) word. Keep such things out of the discussion. They are essentially irrelevant to the article, which is not about this "Deb" person, or her site, or anything but simply the concept of skunks as pets. Runa27 21:26, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

 * No way...  I just realized you can delete anything
 * you want at any time on wiki....  You've got to be
 * kidding... This has got to be the dumbest thing I've
 * ever seen in my life... What's the point?  Boy, what
 * a waste of your time this has been... What a waste of
 * everyone's time. Congratulations, you've just started
 * a war. I hope you're happy.

 * Wait, Wikipedia, advertized as the "Free Encyclopedia That Anyone Can Edit"... and you only just now realized you could edit it? Wow. Just... wow.

 * Waste of time? Really. Because we're apparently as accurate or better as Encyclopedia Britannica. Yes, what a horrible, dumb, pointless system it must be. Clearly.

 * And you'd go to war over a Wikipedia page on pet skunks? Wow. Please tell me you're not the leader of a nation with nuclear weapons. Runa27 21:26, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Skunks getting hit by cars
"Most wild skunks only spray when struck by cars or attacked." What a hoot. And this was plastered on the front page. I'm sure skunks spray just before being crushed to death by a car. I mean, just in case. Or *maybe* the glands rupture when the skunk is turned into roadkill, eh?

What a hoot.
 * It could be a little of both.. see Roadkill: Driving Animals to Their Graves:
 * Skunks newly awakened from winter hibernation are slow to recognize danger. When threatened, their defense is to turn their backs and spray. If you see a skunk beside the road, don't slow down abruptly. The skunk may think you've seen him and will attack. Act as if you're minding your own business and he'll go on about minding his.

 * Yeah, I'm pretty sure the sentence (as amusingly-worded as it is) is sort of trying to refer to the fact that skunks usually reserve their spray for emergencies. In fact, they usually will do a considerable amount of threatening actions before then, ranging from stomping, to skidding back (sometimes both at once, i.e. jumping forward to stomp, then perhaps pulling back with nails still on the ground), etc., and they also sort of rear up like a cat, and raise and fluff out their tails (they only raise their tails if they're threatened). If they're really seriously threatening you, they may also twist their body so the scent gland (i.e. their rear) is pointed towards you, while still trying to keep an eye on you. Looks very funny, actually (though the stomp really can be alarming if you're not aware they're there!). But yeah, they'll run away or threaten you first, often both. Spraying is very much a last resort for them. Runa27 22:21, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Pet skunk issues
Nathan, since you're the primary author of pet skunk, I'm going to put this comment here on your talk page instead of talk:pet skunk (although you could very well move this there). I scheduled the article go on the main page on the 9th, and neutrality raised two objections - that (a) it uses a mixture of superscripts and inline references (I have fixed this) and (b) that the copyright status of the picture is a bit uncertain. The latter is a valid concern. I'd appreciate it if you take a look at the Copyright Faq that Jamesday and I wrote, and (since most of the pictures are not yours) you could contact the person(s) from whom you got them and be a bit clearer what license they are available under. →Raul654 00:53, Jan 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Whoops. The link I gave you was broken. Try Copyright FAQ →Raul654 03:02, Jan 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, the one currently on the Main Page (of Mocha, the mahogony-colored skunk) is definitely okay to be there.. although most permissions have come in the form of "Sure, you can use it" without specifying a license type. Hmm.   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 18:00, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

...Pet Skunk?
I'm not really sure why this subject has its own page. Why not incorporate it into the Skunk page? This is what is done with other domestic animals, such as Domestic cat and Domestic Dog—they redirect to their corresponding pages (Cat and Dog, respectively), which have sections about having these animals as pets. Besides, the title 'Pet Skunk' is quite amusing; when I saw it featured on the Main Page, I wondered what was going on... Coolsi 18:24, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I thought about unifying the two articles. At first glance, it seems to make more sense. However, note the article feral cat. I think it is useful to the reader to divide the info on feral and domestic animals of the same species into two separate articles, if there are large populations of each. The feral skunk info goes under skunk, since that is probably what the majority of people going there are looking for. I would have preferred renaming this page domestic skunk, but the voters chose otherwise..   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 18:51, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * That's because "domestic" implies it's bred in captivity and tamed. You can have a pet squirrel, too; that doesn't mean it's domestic. Trained perhaps, but domesticated implies being bred.  ALKIVAR ™[[Image:Radioactive.svg|18px|]] 02:12, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * They have been selectively bred for fur for several hundred years, so in that sense they are at least as domesticated as the mink. Virginia law recognizes "domesticated races of mink". [[User:Nathanlarson32767|] — Nathanlarson32767 (Talk) 17:31, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * On the other, note Jane Bone's comment: Baby skunks are not puppies or kittens and cannot be raised as such! They have been bred not for their personality, but for their fur. They are rejects from a fur farm and require more handling than puppies or kittens.   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 17:36, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

How soft is a skunk's fur?
As soft as a cat's? Kent Wang 11:29, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Their fur is more silky. Like muskrats, they are usually classified by law as fur-bearing animals.   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 17:31, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Skunks and contagious diseases
Someone wrote:
 * Inside the European Union, purchasing or transferring skunks between countries isn't regulated in any way. Skunks also don't carry any contagious diseases, which would mandate quarantining them or requiring pet passports or vet certifications. Importing skunks from outside the EU area might not be allowed; laws differ from country to country.

Can we find support for the statement that skunks don't carry any contagious diseases? It sounds doubtful. A reference would be helpful. 24.75.98.89 01:18, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

How many?
How many pet skunks are there roughly in the United States? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 209.206.165.1 (talk) 04:04, 27 January 2007 (UTC).

 * There's probably no real way to get an accurate count of even legally-owned skunks, though if licenses are public knowledge, then those numbers could be cited in states where you can have one only with a license. However, even then certain states have different approaches to it; apparently in one state, you can only have one skunk per household. In Florida, though, you can not only have multiple skunks per household, you only need one license to cover all of your skunks. Not mentioned in the article, but it is true because when my mother bought the second skunk, they told her she wouldn't need a new license because the old one covered it, especially since it (the license) was only a couple of years old. There are, however, enough skunk owners to have at least one convention, which implies several hundred to several thousand owners, so I would say several thousand pet skunks at least, but I can't give any better estimate than that without looking at the number of licenses. Plus, do some states require notification of when one skunk dies? Not all might, further hindering efforts to get reliable numbers. Runa27 22:30, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

How agile and active are skunks?
I have a chihuahua and a cat, my chihuahua is more active but my cat is more agile. My chihuhua can jump about 22 inches high, my cat can easily jump up 25 inches, how high would an adult skunk be able to jump? How active are skunks compared to chihuahuas and cats? Dionyseus 18:56, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Skunks are not particularly agile, as they are adapted more for burrowing and digging and hibernation than cats and dogs are, and their natural scent glands mean they don't usually have to jump away from predators and such. They don't really jump, though they can learn to pull themselves up to, say, the top of a hassock by their front legs, and when we got our second skunk and decided to keep him in a large training cage for the first few months, he really liked to climb up the walls of it. So, they can be quite strong and somewhat decent at climbing, but they don't really jump because they aren't made for it (short legs and very bottom heavy). How active they are really depends on the skunk and the conditions. A fatter skunk is usually less active, I've found, and they can be quite "active" in following you around, especially if they think you're going to feed them. They can run surprisingly fast, but I'd imagine cats and most dogs are faster, not to mention less clumsy. They do play a little—stomping/skidding games mostly—but they're not active players in the way kittens and puppies are. They are very curious though, and ours spend most of their waking hours trying to get cabinets open or digging in underneath the ferret cage for stray food pieces. :P They're sort of more built to fatten up for the winter than to be sleek hunters, if you will (when they do hunt, it's more oppurtunistic than stalking, partly because of their extreme nearsightedness. They'll eat live bugs, but unless a bug is about an inch from their face, they'll never notice it unless they smell it). Also: adorably clumsy. They're more a cuddling-and-ambling-around, trying-to-get-into-the-pantry type of animal. Runa27 22:48, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Conflicting pet legality in Georgia
Alright, so if you look at the state legality list on the main entry for pet skunks, you'll see for Georgia it says that they're illegal, except for the black and white ones. It referred me to Georgia's Department of Natural Resources which has a list of animals that aren't allowed to be pets, Skunk being one of them, which contradicts what the list on the Wikipedia entry says. Thanks. Sdws17 20:47, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

All skunks are prohibited as pets in Georgia. The information that stated they were legal except black & whites was incorrect information and has apparently been corrected by the GA DNR. I contacted them a couple of years ago and also a few weeks ago and both times they stated all skunks are prohibited as pets in Georgia. They also stated they are trying to figure out how to deal with the issue of the pet skunks currently in GA. RFoxx (talk) 02:13, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

Temperament Section Neutrality
The section reads like a brochure. It is very slanted for skunks as pets. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.113.245.194 (talk) 17:41, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

I agree that the Temperament section needs significant work. The rest of the article is fairly informational, but this section is way too folksy. "You" should never be used in an informational article, for example. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.19.143.2 (talk) 17:21, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Sugar -> diabetes?
It's a myth that eating sugar leads to diabetes in humans (check the Canadian Diabetes site for verification) and I suspect that it is a myth that it does in skunks, so the several references here need citations for clinical evidence of such a link if it does exist.

That said, I'm inclined to buy the argument that sugar in any form isn't a natural food for too many animals.

--174.7.25.37 (talk) 06:29, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

The article’s name
Shouldn’t this be located at something like “Skunk as pet”? The title “Pet skunk” seems to imply that this is a different thing than having a common skunk as a pet. —Frungi (talk) 22:24, 10 May 2013 (UTC)

Since this Talk page seems to have been inactive for years, I’ll just start an RM. —Frungi (talk) 22:36, 10 May 2013 (UTC)

Requested move
Pet skunk → Skunks as pets – as per Frogs as pets, Chickens as pets, Crickets as pets, Wolves as pets and working animals… The current name doesn’t seem encyclopedic, and it seems to imply that a pet skunk is somehow different from a common skunk kept as a pet. Frungi (talk) 22:39, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
 * And it’s done. That was easy. Thanks, Apteva! —Frungi (talk) 01:02, 11 May 2013 (UTC)

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Skunk Legality
Skunk legality in my personal opinion should be updated on Louisiana. The reason of me stating this is as of 2019 I having checked Louisiana's parishes can say as a fact that it is directly stated that skunks can be owned as a pet in New Orleans as according to the bottom of Sec. 18-1. – Definitions of the section designated to animals, located in the City of New Orleans Code of Ordinances ( https://library.municode.com/la/new_orleans/codes/code_of_ordinances? nodeId=PTIICO_CH18AN_ARTIINGE). It id in here that it is directly stated that skunks can be owned legally as shown from this excerpt

Wild or exotic animals means: (1) Any live monkey (nonhuman primate), raccoon, skunk, wolf, squirrel, coyote, fox, leopard, panther, tiger, lion, lynx, serval cat, or any other warm-blooded animal not otherwise defined; (2) Any venomous or constricting snake (such as Boidae family) that will grow to an adult size greater than three feet; (3) Any tarantula which can normally be found in the wild state; (4) Any member of crocodilian including, but not limited to, alligators, crocodiles, caimans and gharials; (5) Any exotic animal hybrid; or (6) Any rooster, cockerel, cock, or chanticleer.

{Ferrets, nonvenomous snakes (other than constricting snakes that will grow to an adult size larger than three feet), rabbits, box or aquatic turtles, laboratory rats and , and pocket pets or pet rodents including, but not limited to, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, chinchillas, sugar gliders or hedgehogs shall be excluded from this definition.}

As on might now this is considered to be illegal for one to own any exotic animal in New Orleans but Skunks, along with rodents, ferrets, sugar gliders, rabbits, and most reptiles are excluded from the definition of exotic. And while the argument could be made that Louisiana as a state is still said to be against owning skunks local laws cannot go against state laws meaning that this law in theory was okay with the Louisiana government or at the least to minimal to warrant any real attention. Because of these reasons I believe that the Wikipedia article stating that it is illegal to own skunks in the state should be updated and changed.

title: Talk:Skunks as pets


text:
Scrumpy

Scrumpy is a type of cider originating in the West of England, particularly the West Country. Traditionally, the dialect term "scrumpy" was used to refer to what was otherwise called "rough", a harsh cider made from unselected apples.

Today the term is more often used to distinguish locally made ciders produced in smaller quantities and using traditional methods, from mass-produced branded ciders.

Etymology
Various origins of the name scrumpy have been proposed. The Oxford English Dictionary, which finds the term first used in 1904, derives it from the noun scrump, meaning "something withered or dried up", not specifically apples. Other claimed derivations include a noun scrimp with the same meaning, derived from a verb scrump, meaning "to steal fruit". Neither of these meanings is attested in the Oxford English Dictionary, and the English Dialect Dictionary confirms the existence of the word scrump applied to "anything small or undersized", particularly apples, and notes a related word scrumpling for a small apple. It can be applied to basic homemade ciders as well as to commercially produced and marketed varieties.

In 1997 a legal case on trademark law was fought in Ireland between Symonds and Showerings (Ireland), in which the defendant successfully argued that "scrumpy" was a part of the "commonage" of the language, being a generic term referring to rough dry farmhouse cider.

Production
Traditional "rough" was invariably fermented out to absolute dryness, with a strong, full bodied character but no distinguishable apple flavour: in 19th century Devon "rough" was much preferred for home consumption, while sweeter, less alcoholic cider was produced for an 'export' market outside the county. "Rough" was known as the customary drink of farm labourers in the west of England, who would generally receive up to a quart (1 impqt) daily as an incentive on top of their wages.

Modern scrumpy can be dry or sweet, and is usually still rather than carbonated, but may have some degree of carbonation. However, it tends to be stronger in alcohol and more tannic than most commercial ciders. Due to its traditional methods of production, it is usually very pulpy, and resultantly often cloudy in appearance.

It is produced by pulping and pressing a quantity of apples, and then adding the juice to a vessel with a special lid to ensure the pressure does not rise too much. It may be necessary to add a Campden tablet to prevent undesirable bacterial action, and the vessel must be sanitized. The vessels are sealed and left to ferment for a few months.

Other uses
As well as scrumpy made with apples, there also exists pear scrumpy, similar to perry. Scrumpy and Western describes a kind of music from the West Country, where scrumpy is traditionally produced, typified by The Wurzels.

title: Scrumpy


text:
Talk:RTL (German TV channel)

I've cleaned the article up a bit, dropping some shows (mostly uninteresting generic ones) and add some. I may have overdone the wikifying (all show titles), but that's nothing that can't be undone :-) RoToRa 15:31, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Possible NPOV violations-please check
Possible negative POV pushing here and at RTL Group. Haven't reverted as I don't know the subject.--QuantumEngineer 13:34, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I've removed the reference to Networks, since I doubt anyone would claim RTL (or any German TV station for the matter) is compareable to a US style network. Also the comparision to NBC is lacking any basis. I also removed the "copyright" adjective since it's irreleavant (and obvious). Finally I've added the copyedit tag, since the article needs more tidying up. RoToRa 10:49, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Copy-edit
Copy-edited today, as requested. Tag now removed. thisisace 23:49, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

RTL Now
Anyone know what the RTL Now website has to do with RTL. Thanks, SqueakBox talk 19:37, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

It´s another RTL site,where you can watch full Episodes of their TV Shows,Movies etc. after they aired. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.199.30.74 (talk) 19:55, 5 May 2012 (UTC)

DVB-C
Why is the digital cable signal of the German television station “RTL Television” encrypted? --88.77.252.39 (talk) 06:47, 10 September 2009 (UTC)

Coz the Major Cable TV Stations in Germany are all encrypted in Digital,when you don´t have a Kabel receiver and a TV card unlike Sat digital TV then it´s for free ;) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.199.30.74 (talk) 20:02, 5 May 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Qofif (talk) 14:08, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:RTL (German TV channel)


text:
Help authoring tool

A Help Authoring Tool or HAT is a software program used by technical writers to create online help systems.

Functions
The basic functions of a Help Authoring Tool (HAT) can be divided into the following categories:

File input
HATs obtain their source text either by importing it from a file produced by another program, or by allowing the author to create the text within the tool by using an editor. File formats that can be imported vary from HAT to HAT. Acceptable file formats can include ASCII, HTML, OpenOffice Writer and Microsoft Word, and compiled Help formats such as Microsoft WinHelp and Microsoft Compiled HTML Help.

Help output
The output from a HAT can be either a compiled Help file in a format such as WinHelp (*.HLP) or Microsoft Compiled HTML Help (*.CHM), or noncompiled file formats such as Adobe PDF, XML, HTML or JavaHelp.

Auxiliary functions
Some HATs provide extra functions such as:

 * Automatic or assisted Index generation
 * Automatic Table of Contents
 * Spelling checker
 * Image editing
 * Image hotspot editing
 * Import and export of text in XML files, for exchange with computer-assisted translation programs

Common help authoring tools
Some common HATs include:

 * HelpNDoc
 * Adobe RoboHelp
 * HelpSmith
 * Doc-To-Help
 * MadCap Flare
 * Help & Manual
 * Sandcastle
 * AsciiDoc

Related software
Technical writers often use content management systems and version control systems to manage their work.

title: Help authoring tool


text:
Bone-rank system

The bone-rank system was the system of aristocratic rank used in the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla. It was used to segregate society, and particularly the layers of the aristocracy, on the basis of their hereditary proximity to the throne and the level of authority they were permitted to wield. The idea of royal blood in other societies is a close analogue to the idea of "sacred bone" in Silla thought.

Bone rank was strictly hereditary, and thus acted as a caste system. The scholar, Lee Ki-baik (1984, p. 43) considers it to have probably been adopted as part of the administrative law introduced from China and promulgated by King Beopheung in 520. However, this likely did nothing but institute in legal fact what was already a society segregated by bloodline and lineage. Although only two of the five known ranks were referred to as "bone" (골, 骨), the term "bone rank" has become widely used to describe the whole system. A person's bone rank status governed not only official status and marriage rights, but also the color of one's garments and the maximum dimensions of one's dwelling and carriage. These criteria are described in detail in the 12th century Korean history Samguk Sagi, particularly its Monographs (ji 志), book 2 (ranks and offices). The Samguk Sagi's depiction of Silla life, however, has often been criticized for being excessively static. Unfortunately, since other sources are scarce, it is difficult to judge what sort of changes may have taken place in the bone rank system over the centuries.

Sacred Bone (Seonggol)
According to Samguk Sagi, "the people of Silla divided the period from Hyeokgeose of Silla to Jindeok of Silla into Sacred Bone (Seonggol), and the king after Muyeol of Silla into True Bone (Jingol). The highest level of the bone rank was the "sacred bone", or seonggol (성골, 聖骨), sometimes termed "hallowed bone" or "holy bone". There is no specific record on exactly what the distinction between the Sacred Bone and the True Bone is set by, but is generally accepted that only the earliest kings were referred to as Seonggol. Because of this closed system of caste, when king Jinpyeong of Silla had no son whom he could pass the crown to, Queen Seondeok of Silla became the first woman to ascend the throne. And after that, Kim Chun-chu, also referred to as Muyeol of Silla ascended to the king as a Jingol status and since then, Jingol took over the throne for 281 years until Silla's demise.

True Bone (Jingol)
Below the sacred bone came the "true bone", or jingol (진골, 眞骨). Members of the true bone could hold any official position, up to the level of full minister. They could also attain office rank up to the highest, ibolchan (이벌찬). After the sacred bone rank was abolished under King Muyeol, only those holding the true bone rank could become a king.

Head Ranks
Below the "true bone" came the head ranks (두품, 頭品), of which only the 6th, 5th and 4th are attested, 6th being the highest. The origins of these lower head rank classes and what defined one‘s status as such are obscure and still debated among scholars. As the jingol were prohibited from marrying into the lower ranks, though they could take concubines from them, it is feasible that one source of the head rank six were the children born from unions between jingol fathers and lower ranking concubines. In any case, members of the head rank six could rise to the position of vice-minister (gyeong, 경, 卿) and as high as the 6th level of office rank, achan (아찬, 阿餐) (two higher ranks of jungachan (중아찬, 重阿餐) and sajung achan (사중아찬, 四重阿餐) were later supplemented to that of achan but these still fell within the 6th level). Members of head ranks four and five could rise only to minor posts. Members of head rank five could reach the 10th level of office rank, daenaema (대내마, 大奈麻), while members of head rank four could attain only the 12th level of office rank, daesa (대사, 大舍). There were 17 levels of office rank (also known as 'capital rank' ) altogether. One scholar has proposed that, "head-ranks three, two, and one, if they ever formally existed, must have designated the ... non-privileged general populace."

Evaluations
The frustrated ambitions of the head rank six class in particular seem to have played a prominent role in the politics of the late Silla period. Many men of head rank six status, proscribed from rising too high in the Silla administrative system defined by the bone rank system, sought to bypass this by studying Confucianism (either in Silla or abroad in Tang China) or else turned to careers in Buddhism. The most prominent of the head rank six figures was undoubtedly Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn, who following an illustrious career in China returned to Silla only to see his attempts at administrative reform rebuffed by an entrenched aristocracy. In the early 10th century the nascent state of Goryeo, which succeeded Goguryeo, tapped into the head rank six intellectuals from Silla and Later Baekje to man its bureaucracy.

The bone rank system's extreme rigidity certainly helped to weaken Silla toward the end of the Unified Silla period, although numerous other factors were at play. After the fall of Silla, the bone rank system was abolished entirely by the Goryeo dynasty, although different and somewhat more flexible caste systems persisted until near the end of the Joseon Dynasty in the late 19th century.

title: Bone-rank system


text:
Talk:Drovers' road

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Droving in 1930s
Ken Watts, Droving in Wiltshire, apparently mentions droving of sheep still taking place in the 1930s. I don't have a copy yet but:

"In the prologue to his book, KGW tells a delightful story from the memoirs of Edith Olivier in the 1930s. She and her father were driving in a carriage from Wilton to Wilsford when they came across a flock of sheep spread on either side of the road.  Not recognising the breed, her father got down to talk to the shepherd, who was from Dorset and whose boss owned one of the only two flocks of this breed in the country.  Every year, part of each flock was exchanged with the other, which belonged to a Hertfordshire farmer.  [Breeding purposes?] The sheep were upset by train travel and there was too much traffic - even then - on the main roads, so the shepherd had for years driven them by lanes and byways in May...2mph for 3 weeks.  All along the route he knew fields where he could turn them in for the night and inns that would provide him with a bed.  When he reached Hertfordshire he would rest for a week or two then drive back to Dorset the sheep he had come to fetch." Winelight (talk) 15:26, 13 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Olivier's memoirs are "Without Knowing Mr. Walkley: Personal Memories by Edith Olivier ~ 1938" Winelight (talk) 15:29, 13 June 2023 (UTC)

"Drove" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drove&redirect=no Drove] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Duckmather (talk) 03:54, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drovers' road


text: Talk:Bone-rank system

title: Talk:Bone-rank system


text: User talk:207.221.22.13

title: User talk:207.221.22.13


text:
Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee Elections December 2004/Candidate statements/Endorsements/Yoshiah ap

Support

 * Support. JFW | T@lk  17:42, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Support Xed 22:35, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Oppose

 * Oppose. A POV pusher without sufficient balance, see and . HistoryBuffEr 01:43, 2004 Dec 1 (UTC)
 * Strongly Oppose. POV pusher. Reverts articles on-sight rather than on-content (but is honest enough to admit it in some edit summaries). Stalks users and reverts their edits regardless of what they are. CheeseDreams 20:40, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:National Socialist Party of America

Blues Brothers' Quote
I hate Illinois Nazi's. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.206.78 (talk) 02:24, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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Far Left?
What is the rationale behind identifying it as far left when it's parent organization is identified as far right? Cile112 (talk) 23:42, 15 August 2018 (UTC)
 * I've fixed that. Beyond My Ken (talk) 00:00, 16 August 2018 (UTC)

Shouldn't it be far left? Socialism is said to be on the left of the political spectrum. IchHabeKeineEier (talk) 04:52, 5 November 2018 (UTC)

WHY IS IT CALLED THAT
this article lacks information on the rationale of the party's naming convention. was it named as such to make socialists look bad by causing public confusion? 2600:4040:5350:2E00:F2CB:854C:75D5:7D26 (talk) 03:39, 4 November 2023 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Whangamatā

Shibboleth
It's a bit ironic that the paragraph which is included presumably to clarify pronunciation uses rhymes to explain pronunciation. I imagine these descriptions come from a New Zealander, but that won't necessarily help an American, etc. English speaker to pronounce the word. --Theodore Kloba 15:39, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * You're right in that I can see how it's confusing. I don't know how you'd go about making it clearer though, unless you wanted to trudge through phonetic alphabets. The comparison between 'mata'/'MAT-er' and 'mata'/'mahTAH' seems to be fairly well described. --Dom 05:30, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

A "Very Safe" Region
Have you noticed the many times that the word "safe" appears, along with "extremely" or "very" preceding it?...about 3 times in the same paragraph. I assume that it was definitely written by either a sarcastic person or a person depending on tourism or residence in Whangamata. The word "safe" can be used once to describe the character of Whangamata, especially when readers may think that there have been disputes about the safety there.Cosmicwaterfall 23:00, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Donut Island
I am a frequent visitor of Whangamata myself, and I have never heard Whenuakura Is. referred to as "Donut" Island, but I have often heard of it referred to as "Middle" Island. I have also heard that there are still tuatara on the island.

"Donut" sounds - and looks - rather un-Kiwi. However, Hamilton Maps gives this alternative name to Whenuakura. There is a downloadable map in pdf format at http://www.hamiltonmaps.co.nz/othermaps/whangamata.pdf

As a point of interest, the island used to be known locally as Rabbit Island - perhaps because of the many burrows were shared by shearwater and tuatara that are there. I have not attempted to locate all the Rabbit Islands that exist around the NZ coast, along with the multitude of Bird Islands and Goat Islands!

Kawhai (talk) 02:34, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Marina
Could someone with a little knowledge on the Whangamata marina issue add a little to the article? I've also added a photo request, hopefully someone living nearby can upload something appropriate, like a view of the beach and nearby islands for example. Richard001 05:45, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Whangamatā


text:
User:Axl

I no longer undertake GAN reviews. I am still happy to undertake peer reviews and FAC reviews.

Specialist subjects: -
 * Pulmonology
 * Pharmacology
 * Spelling!

Awards

title: User:Axl


text:
¡Alarma! (magazine)

¡Alarma! was a Mexican news magazine published by Publicaciones Llegó. It specialized in graphics and shocking pictures of crime and corpses including murder victims and traffic accidents, as well as pictures of scantily clad women.

History and profile
Pitched by journalist and writer Carlos Samoaya Lizárraga as a magazine exclusively about crime, ¡Alarma! was launched on April 17, 1963, with an initial print run of 3000 copies per week. The magazine became notorious for publishing graphic images of corpses, and using shocking headlines such as "Raptola, violola y matola con una pistola" ("He kidnapped her, raped her and killed her with a gun").

¡Alarma! got an unexpected boost in 1964, when it publicized the case of the González Valenzuela sisters, who forced women into prostitution, killed them, and repeatedly bribed authorities to avoid arrest. The case and the ensuing court process, covered by journalist Jesús Sánches Hermosillo, became a nationwide media circus. After publishing the incident's graphic details, ¡Alarma! increased its print run from 140,000 to 500,000 copies per week.

The magazine enjoyed another sales boost during coverage of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake's aftermath, which increased the magazine's print run to 2-2,5 million copies per week. It was also printed in countries such as the United States, France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Japan. The magazine was cancelled in 1986 due to a political standoff between Publicaciones Llegó and the Mexican government, but returned in 1991 as El nuevo Alarma!.

¡Alarma!'s final issue was published on February 17, 2014, one month before the death of its editor-in-chief Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Vázquez due to a heart attack.

In popular culture
The cover art of Matando Güeros, the first album by American extreme metal band Brujeria, is a photo of a severed head taken from an issue of ¡Alarma!.

The song Alármala de tos on Botellita de Jerez's self-named debut album was inspired by the typical kind of violent and macabre stories published by ¡Alarma!.

title: ¡Alarma! (magazine)


text: User talk:166.109.0.45

title: User talk:166.109.0.45


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Antti Tuisku

Antti Tuisku (born 27 February 1984) is a retired Finnish pop singer. He finished third in the 2003 Idols talent show, the Finnish version of Pop Idol. Tuisku has sold over 300,000 records during his career in Finland.

In 2016, Tuisku won the Best Male Artist 2015 award at Emma-gaala. His 2016 album En kommentoi received the Record of the Year and Best Pop Album of the Year awards.

En kommentoi
Tuisku's 10th album En kommentoi was released in May 2015. The album spent nine weeks at number one on the Official Finnish Album Chart.

After the success of the album he embarked on the Peto on irti tour. In April 2016 he sold out two concerts at Hartwall Arena in Helsinki. The two concerts gathered together over 22 000 fans.

Other ventures
Tuisku appeared in the film Joulutarina in 2007. He has also voiced Arthur in the movie Shrek the Third. In 2010 Tuisku won the Finnish version of Dancing with the Stars. He participated in the Vain elämää television show's fourth season in 2015.

Tuisku is well-known for his flamboyant and extravagant style. He is also active as a fashion designer. In April 2016 Antti Tuisku released his first clothing line Antti Tuisku by Seppälä in collaboration with the Finnish clothing chain Seppälä. He was the host of Uuden musiikin kilpailu 2021.

Tuisku ended his career in 2023.

title: Antti Tuisku


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French Guiana national football team

The French Guiana national football team (Sélection de Guyane de football) is the regional football team of the French overseas department and region of French Guiana, and is controlled by the Ligue de football de la Guyane, the local branch of the French Football Federation.

Overview
As an overseas department of the French Republic, it is an integral part of France and thus not a member of FIFA. French Guiana is therefore not eligible to enter a team in the World Cup independent of France. As full citizens of France, indistinguishable from any other French citizen, French Guianans are eligible to play for the France national football team.

Bernard Lama, Mike Maignan and Florent Malouda are three examples of Guianese players who have played for the France national team; Maignan is currently the first choice goalkeeper for the France national team as has won the UEFA Nations league 2020–21 with the team; Lama was a member of the 1998 World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000 winning squads while Malouda played for the French team that finished runner-up in the 2006 World Cup.

CONCACAF
However, French Guiana is a member of CONCACAF and CFU, and thus eligible for all competitions organized by both. For any purpose outside of World Cup competition, all of the regional continental confederations may allow teams to be entered by territories that are de jure part of a country the bulk of which is located in a different continental confederation region.

According to the status of the FFF (article 34, paragraph 6): "[...]Under the control of related continental confederations, and with the agreement of the FFF, those leagues can organize international sport events at a regional level or set up teams in order to participate to them."

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Coaching history

 * 🇬🇫 Marie-Rose Carême (2004–2005)
 * 🇬🇫 Ghislain Zulémaro (2008–2010)
 * 🇬🇫 Steeve Falgayrettes* (2011–2012)
 * 🇬🇫 François Louis-Marie & 🇬🇫 Hubert Contout (2012–2013)
 * 🇬🇫 Jaïr Karam & 🇫🇷 Marie-Rose Carême (2013–2018)
 * 🇫🇷 Thierry De Neef (2018–present)

Current squad
The following players were called up for the 2023–24 CONCACAF Nations League matches against Belize and Bermuda on 17 and 21 November 2023.

Caps and goals correct as of 21 November 2023, after the match against

Recent call-ups
The following players have also been called up to the French Guiana squad within the last twelve months.

Player records

 * Players in bold are still active with French Guiana.

Head-to-head record
As of 17 November 2019 after match against

title: French Guiana national football team


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Endomysium

The endomysium, meaning within the muscle, is a wispy layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each individual muscle fiber, or muscle cell. It also contains capillaries and nerves. It overlies the muscle fiber's cell membrane: the sarcolemma. Endomysium is the deepest and smallest component of muscle connective tissue. This thin layer helps provide an appropriate chemical environment for the exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium, which is essential for the excitation and subsequent contraction of a muscle fiber.

Endomysium combines with perimysium and epimysium to create the collagen fibers of tendons, providing the tissue connection between muscles and bones by indirect attachment. It connects with perimysium using intermittent perimysial junction plates.

Collagen is the major protein that composes connective tissues like endomysium. Endomysium has been shown to contain mainly type I and type III collagen components, and type IV and type V in very minor amounts. Others have found type IV and type V more common.

The term cardiac skeleton is sometimes considered synonymous with endomysium in the heart, but cardiac skeleton also refers to the combination of the endomysium and perimysium.

Clinical significance
Anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA) are present in celiac disease. They do not cause any direct symptoms to muscles, but detection of EMA is useful in the diagnosis of the disease.

title: Endomysium