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Samuel Peter

Samuel Okon Peter (born September 6, 1980) is a Nigerian professional boxer. He held the WBC heavyweight title in 2008, when he stopped Oleg Maskaev in six rounds. In his prime, he was known for his rivalry with the Klitschko brothers, having faced Wladimir twice (in 2005 and 2010) and Vitali once. Peter was named among the 20 greatest athletes in the history of independent Nigeria by The Punch in 2023, while his capturing of the WBC heavyweight title was ranked the 26th most memorable moment in independent Nigeria's sports history by Premium Times in 2020. He was ranked by The Ring among ten best heavyweights at the conclusion of a year from 2005 to 2008, reaching his highest ranking of world No.2 in 2007. Peter is known for his punching power and holds a 78.9% knockout-to-win ratio.

Early life and amateur career
Originally, Peter's preferred sport was football. In 1992, some boxers came to his school to train. The curious young 11-year-old stopped by and asked if he could train along with them. He was put up against an experienced amateur and knocked him out. This marked the beginning of a successful amateur career for Peter.

He won the Nigerian Amateur Heavyweight Championship and the Africa Zone 3 Heavyweight Championship. He faced stiff competition as an amateur (including a knockout victory over 2000 silver medalist Mukhtarkhan Dildabekov of Kazakhstan). However, he prevailed and was given the opportunity to represent Nigeria at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.

Peter lost in the quarterfinals to Italian Paolo Vidoz by decision. However, his performance was noted for being very impressive from such a young pugilist and hence more excitement was generated for him than the eventual gold medalist, Audley Harrison, to whom Peter had lost a very close decision just a few months before the Olympics.

Early career
Immediately after the Olympics, Ivaylo Gotzev signed on as Peter's manager, and Andy "Pops" Anderson became his coach. Peter made his professional debut on February 6, 2001, against Bulgarian fighter Georgi Hristov in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Peter won the bout by first-round knockout. He had seven fights in 2001, winning all of them but one in the first-round. Peter's impressive performance in his early fights landed him a promotional deal with Dino Duva of Duva Boxing. Peter made a step up in competition the following year, as his first fight of the year was against Marion Wilson. The bout was scheduled for four rounds. With 11–37–3 record, Wilson was known for his durability and toughness, having never lost inside the distance and occasionally pulling upsets, such as wins over Corey Sanders and Paea Wolfgramm or split draw against Ray Mercer. Peter won the bout by unanimous decision.

Peter had his next fight 19 days later against Julius Joiner (2–0–1, 1 KOs). This was Peter's first televised fight, as it was aired on ESPN2. The bout was on the undercard of the event that had James Toney facing Sione Asipeli and Lamont Pearson facing Orlando Salido. Joiner did not come out for the second round, prompting the referee to declare Peter the winner by corner retirement. Peter had three more fights in 2002, winning each by second-round stoppage and having the former two televised by ESPN2.

Afterwards Peter did not enter the ring for 8 months before facing Dale Crowe for the WBC's Youth heavyweight title. 26-year old Crowe had a 24–6–2 (15 KOs) record coming into the fight and had only been stopped by DaVarryl Williamson. Crowe became notorious after the fight against former world heavyweight champion Greg Page, in which he pushed Page against the ropes, which resulted in Page ending up partially paralyzed. This was the first professional fight in Peter's career scheduled for 10 rounds. The event was aired on ESPN2. Peter won every round on all scorecards before stopping Crowe in the fourth round.

Peter returned to the ring three months later, facing Lyle McDowell (27–9–1, 18 KOs) on June 21, 2003, in a fight televised by HBO as part of the card that saw Lennox Lewis facing Vitali Klitschko in the main event. Peter stopped McDowell in the fourth round. Peter finished the year with two second-round stoppages, boosting his record to 16 wins in 16 fights, with 15 of them inside the distance. He signed to fight Lawrence Clay-Bey (18–2, 13 KOs) in December in a bout televised by ESPN, however Clay-Bey pulled out of the fight due to injury. Dino Duva accused Clay-Bey of faking an injury to avoid fighting Samuel Peter.

Peter vs. Shufford, Pudar
After scoring two back-to-back stoppage wins against Chris Isaac and Jose Arimatea da Silva, with the former being the first time Peter went past fifth round, Peter had 18 wins in his professional record, for which he needed 41 rounds. He then took a big step up in competition when he faced former WBO world heavyweight title challenger Charles Shufford on May 17, 2004. This was the first time Peter was in the main event of a card. Both Peter and his manager Ivaylo Gotzev praised Shufford for accepting the fight in contrast to other heavyweights that turned down the offer, as Peter already gained a reputation of a powerful and aggressive fighter. The event was the third installment of Heavyweight Heroes: the Search for the Next Great Heavyweight, a monthly PPV boxing series created by Cedric Kushner Promotions and broadcast on In Demand for $19.95. Shufford had a record of 20–5, 9 KOs coming into the bout and was 3–3 in his last six fights. Peter won the bout by unanimous decision, going ten rounds for the first time in his career. Three judges scored the bout 99–91, 98–92 and 97–93. According to CompuBox, Peter landed more total and power punches than Shufford in every round; overall, Peter threw 569 shots (32.2% accuracy), with 277 of them being power punches (46.2% accuracy).

Three months later, Peter faced Serbian heavyweight Jovo Pudar on 5 August 2004 at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Hollywood, Florida. 33-year old Jovo Pudar had a record of 22–2 (12 KOs) coming into the bout and had never been stopped in his professional boxing career. He was 5–1 in his last six fights, with the only loss coming at the hands of Taurus Sykes. The fight was televised by Showtime as part of the ShoBox: The New Generation boxing program. In the build-up to the fight, Ivaylo Gotzev claimed that this fight would finally establish Peter as "the next true heavyweight king in the minds of boxing fans": "enough about Dominick Guinn and Joe Mesi and all the rest of them; tune in August 5. I guarantee Samuel Peter will be explosive!" He also expressed his interest in Lawrence Clay-Bey, who was coming off of a fifth-round TKO win over former IBF world cruiserweight champion Imamu Mayfield, as Peter's next opponent.

Although Peter was unable to stop Pudar, he bloodied his nose, eventually winning a unanimous decision. Three judges scored the bout 100–90 (twice) and 98–92. According to CompuBox, there were 1,281 punches thrown between two fighters. Peter connected on 239 shots out of 690, while Pudar landed 162 punches out of 591. Peter outlanded his opponent in each round but third and ninth (even) and connected on more power shots in all of the ten rounds.

Peter vs. Williams, Diaz
To conclude 2004, Peter agreed to face former WBO world heavyweight title challenger Jeremy Williams (41–4–1, 35 KOs) on December 4, 2004, at Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. With a record of 6–0–1, 4 KOs in his last seven fights, Williams was seen to had put his losses to Henry Akinwande and Brian Nielsen behind him, scoring back-to-back upset victories against rising prospects Andre Purlette (35–1, 32 KOs) and Attila Levin (29–1, 23 KOs) and drawing against former IBF world cruiserweight champion Al Cole. The bout took place on the undercard of Jose Luis Castillo vs. Joel Casamayor and was aired on Showtime.

Both boxers started the fight aggressively. After back-and-forth trading in the opening seconds, Williams retreated onto the outside, at first attempting to bob-and-weave but then changing his tactics to circling around Peter and working behind the jab after the bob-and-weave strategy didn't work. Meanwhile, Peter was stalking his opponent across the ring, fighting his way inside and putting heavy pressure on Williams' body whenever Williams was at mid-range. With 20 seconds into the second round, Peter threw a one-two combination; as Williams ducked under Peter's right hand, Peter turned around and landed a left hook while Williams was square-footed and moving out of the mid-range. Williams was out cold for several minutes. Peter was declared the winner by second-round knockout, winning the vacant WBC-NABF heavyweight title. The win was nominated for the Knockout of the Year by ESPN. By December 2004, Peter was ranked No.9 contender by the WBC.

On January 22, 2005, Peter faced Cuban heavyweight Yanqui Díaz, who had a record 13–1, 8 KOs coming into the bout. This was the second time Peter was scheduled to fight in a twelve-round bout. Díaz was a highly regarded prospect due to his long and decorated amateur career, with boxing manager Wes Wolfe predicting he would become "a superstar among the Cubans". After an unexpected loss against Tony Thompson, Díaz went on a 5-fight winning streak, which included an upset first-round TKO against undefeated former long-reigning WBC world cruiserweight champion Juan Carlos Gomez and a split-decision victory over Vaughn Bean. He was ranked No.13 contender by the WBO by January 2005. The bout took place on the undercard of Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Henry Bruseles and was aired on HBO.

The fight saw Peter patiently stalking Díaz across the ring and finding his way inside while Díaz tried to stay on the outside, fight behind the jab and circle around his heavier opponent. In the first round, Peter sent Díaz down with a right hand. He did it again in the second but was deducted two points for intentionally hitting Díaz while he was down. In the fourth round, Peter pinned Díaz against the ropes and eventually knocked him down. Díaz got up but was sent to the canvas with a left hook to the body. Peter dropped Díaz for the fifth time in the following round, which prompted Díaz's corner to throw in the towel. By defeating Díaz, Peter won the vacant IBF-USBA heavyweight title. By April 2005, Peter was ranked No.5 contender by the WBC, No.6 by the WBO and No.9 by the IBF.

On April 29, 2005, he defeated a journeyman Gilbert Martinez (18–8–3, 7 KOs) by third-round TKO in a stay busy fight televised by ESPN2 as part of the Friday Night Fights series. By June, Peter was ranked No.9 heavyweight contender by The Ring. He was also ranked No.4 by the WBC and No.5 by both the IBF and WBO. Having a record of 23–0, 20 KOs, Peter was predicted to have a bright future in the heavyweight division, with media often comparing him to Mike Tyson due to his build and punching power. When interviewed by ESPN in 2005, Mike Tyson picked Peter and Calvin Brock as his favorite fighters from the new crop of heavyweights.

Peter vs. Sykes
On March 16, after a victory over another Nigerian heavyweight contender Friday Ahunanya, WBA-NABA heavyweight champion Taurus Sykes (23–1–1, 6 KOs) called out Peter and another heavyweight prospect Dominick Guinn and accused both of them of ducking a fight with him. Eventually the bout with Peter was scheduled to take place in Reno, Nevada, on July 2, 2005. This was the first time Peter headlined a card televised by Showtime. The event was part of the Showtime Championship Boxing program. Sykes was 5–0–1 in his last six fights, most notably defeating Ahunanya and scoring a draw against Imamu Mayfield. In the build-up to the fight, Sykes continued accusing Peter of avoiding the fight with him previously. A pre-fight press conference call saw a clash of words between both fighters, with Sykes continuing to insult Peter: "I know I am being underestimated, but it is all good. It has been like this my whole career. Everybody I have fought was supposed to beat me, but I came out on top. [...] I will outsmart him and outthink him. I am going to be a slick, crafty boxer. I know that he has never really fought anybody like that. Everybody he has fought is running from him, looking to get a check and leave. [...] Sam is getting all hyped. That is how I am going to take him out of the fight. I am going to bust him down and then I will just walk away with a smile."

During one of pre-fight interviews, Peter admitted he had never looked for an early knockout when he entered a fight, but expressed confidence in his ability of knocking out anyone "if I get my shots (off)". He also talked about the president and the government of Nigeria following his career and supporting him ever since his first appearance on Showtime, and stated that "for Nigeria, it would be unbelievable for us to have a world champion. Totally unbelievable."

The opening round saw Sykes attempting to stay away from Peter by circling around, working behind the jab and mostly throwing one-two combinations, while Peter was working his way inside, going back-and-forth between combinations to the head and body and trying to press Sykes against the ropes. The same pattern continued in the following round. In the middle of the second round, Peter hurt Sykes with a right hook as Sykes attempted to initiate a clinch. Peter immediately followed with a barrage of punches, not allowing Sykes to stay away and recover from the punch, ultimately knocking him down with one minute left. Sykes was not able to get up, prompting the referee to stop the fight and declare Peter the winner. With a win over Sykes, Peter became the holder of regional titles of three major sanctioning bodies – IBF, WBA and WBC. As of August 2005, Peter, already ranked by the WBC, IBF and WBO, was ranked No.9 by the WBA.

Peter vs. Wladimir Klitschko
On September 24, 2005, he faced Wladimir Klitschko in an elimination match in Atlantic City for the IBF title, in which Peter's WBC-NABF title was also on the line. Coming into the bout, Klitschko was viewed by many as the underdog against the 7-to-5 favorite Peter who had won all of his 24 fights, with 21 of them having ended inside the distance. Coming into the fight, Samuel Peter was considered one of the brightest prospects in the heavyweight division. Distinguished boxing coaches Angelo Dundee and Teddy Atlas expected Peter to win. Wladimir's team, including his brother Vitali, were worried about Wladimir, and were against this fight to happen. Wladimir, however, insisted on fighting Peter, claiming that beating a feared, hard-hitting fighter like Samuel Peter would help him to regain his stock and become mandatory challenger for two heavyweight belts.

The first four rounds were tentative, with Peter not being to close the distance. At the end of the third, Peter staggered Klitschko with a powerful left hook. He hurt Klitschko again in the fifth with another left hook, sending Klitschko to the canvas with the rabbit punch. The referee counted it as the knockdown. Peter immediately went for the attack after Klitschko got up, dropping him again with the rabbit punch. The referee scored it as the second knockdown. Peter was outboxed through sixth to ninth rounds, frequently trying to hit Klitschko with the rabbit punch whenever escaping from a clinch. Near the end of the tenth round Peter staggered Wladimir with a hard right hand, eventually sending Klitschko to the canvas with another right when Wladimir was backing away. In the 11th and 12th rounds, Klitschko was trying to keep Peter at the distance using straight punches. Peter caught Klitschko with a left hook in the last round, but was unable to capitalize on it. Instead, Klitschko caught him with a hard counter left hook of his own, staggering Peter for the first time in the fight.

Eventually the bout went the distance, with Peter losing the fight by unanimous decision (UD). All the judges scored the bout identically 114–111.

Peter vs. Hawkins, Long
Less than three months later after losing to Klitschko, on December 15, 2005, Peter faced Robert Hawkins (21–4–0, 7 KOs) in a stay-busy fight where the WBA-NABA title was also on the line. The bout was a part of the heavyweight triple-header which also saw undefeated Sultan Ibragimov facing Lance Whitaker, with Peter's promoter Ivaylo Gotzev expecting the winners of the two bouts to face each other in the near future. "Robert Hawkins is a tough and credible fighter", Dino Duva said in the build-up to the fight, "This fight proves Sam Peter is a true warrior not afraid of anyone." The event billed as "Global Warfare" took place at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood and was televised on In-Demand PPV for $19.95.

The bout started with aggressive approach by Peter. He knocked Hawkins down midway through the first round but was more cautious afterwards, patiently stalking Hawkins across the ring and fighting behind the jab. The bout was interrupted in the fourth round after Sultan Ibragimov's coach Panama Lewis collapsed due to a heart failure. The delay lasted 11 minutes. After the action resumed, the following round only lasted one minute. After the sixth round, Peter was forced to fight with a split down the back of his trunks. Peter stepped up his aggression after the seventh round. Hawkins fought most of the fight on the back foot and appeared to be unable to withstand Peter's pressure. Ultimately the bout went the distance, with Peter being declared the winner. The judges scored the bout 99–90 (twice) and 98–91, all in favor of Peter. At the conclusion of 2005, Peter was ranked No.9 heavyweight in the world by The Ring.

On April 28, 2006, Peter faced 7'1" journeyman Julius Long (14–7, 12 KOs) for the NABF heavyweight title, despite the fact that Long was unranked by the WBC, in a bout televised by ESPN. Long was 4–2 in his last six fights, coming off of a UD loss to Terry Smith (24–1–1, 16 KOs). Peter was viewed as the heavy favorite against Long who, despite his size, was mostly an inside fighter and threw punches under unusual angles. Peter made a quick work of Long, dropping him 80 seconds into the first round and then again clobbering him by a three-punch combination, which resulted in Long collapsing face first on the canvas, prompting the referee to stop the fight.

Peter vs. Toney I
Already in April 2005, Peter's promoter Dino Duva suggested that "Sam would wipe the floor with James Toney" and criticized major sanctioning bodies for "digging up dinosaurs to fight when they've got the most exciting new heavyweight to come along in many years and he's ready, willing and able to take over as soon as they give him the chance". James Toney's post-fight behavior following the victory (later overturned into a No Contest) over John Ruiz three days later to become WBA world heavyweight champion and a four-division world champion further angered Duva, who was also Ruiz's promoter: "Even though he beat him cleanly, James Toney showed he had no class by treating my friend and high class man John Ruiz like that after the fight. If he has balls, he'll go up against the top contender, Samuel Peter, but I doubt he has any. If he gets in the same ring as Samuel, I'll be glad to see Sam give him a bad quarter hour." Despite being stripped of the title due to a failed drug test and the win being nullified, Toney was still ranked No. 4 heavyweight in the world by The Ring as of March 2006, although some observers questioned whether Toney was already fading. By June 2006, Toney and Peter were ranked No. 2 and No. 3 contender for the WBC world heavyweight title respectively (No. 1 ranked Oleg Maskaev was already scheduled to face the champion Hasim Rahman). The bout was officially announced by Showtime on July 3 to take place at Staples Center in Los Angeles on September 2, with the winner becoming a mandatory challenger for the WBC title.

During the first press conference in July 12, Toney got into an argument with Duva and Gotzev, with Gotzev claiming that he was tired of the "Dan Goossen and Toney show; it is Samuel Peter's time", which angered Toney who took his jacket off and started walking towards Peter's team before being stopped by his own team; he did, however, praise Peter for taking the fight. Peter was also complimentary towards Toney: "For me to get a fight with Toney right now is a miracle. Toney is a great champion, a Hall of Famer. When he is in shape, he can make anybody look bad. He beat Ruiz, Holyfield and drew with Rahman. Toney has the heart of a real man, and I commend him for that. I give him credit for taking this fight." He also expressed readiness to take a big step up towards the title. A media telephone conference call on August 7 turned into a heated verbal clash between two boxers, with Toney taunting Peter and making controversial remarks, calling him "a slave", threatening to "send [his] ass back on a banana boat" and making offensive noises, with Peter responding "You don't even know where you are from. I'm from Nigeria. [...] You are a black man, you come from Africa and you call me a slave?" and mocking Toney for struggling to speak English despite being American. Toney then proceeded to discredit Peter's accomplishments: "All the guys he fought were paid to lay down. You know that. Weak opponents. Weak ass opponents. I have fought the best fighters in the world in five different weight classes. I have fought the best."

Toney continued to talk trash about Peter during a media session two weeks later, while also showing irritation over questions about his weight and claiming that he had "always been a heavyweight". The bad blood remained during the final press-conference, as Toney claimed to be one of the few "real fighters" in Peter's career and his trainer Freddie Roach criticizing Peter for throwing rabbit punches during his fights. Meanwhile, Peter promised the public to knock Toney out inside four rounds and "beat him so bad that when this is over he'll be my second wife. Ivaylo Gotzev showed confidence in Peter winning the fight but also provided some criticism: "Sam wants to knock people out but that has prevented people from seeing his boxing ability. He has lots of skills, quick hands, great boxing moves. [...] If he just targets the head, that would go against everything we worked on in camp. But headhunting is the most fun for him, he's a natural born killer, that's what killers do, they take the head off."

The vast majority of observers predicted Toney to win by unanimous decision. They credited Toney's experience and technique proven against the boxing's elite, alleging that that would turn out to be crucial against the 26-year old Peter, although some questioned whether Toney really proved himself to be a top-ranked heavyweight contender and credited Peter for being stronger and more powerful. For the fight Peter weighed in at 257 lbs, the heaviest in his entire career and 14 lbs higher than when he fought Wladimir Klitschko. Toney weighed in at 233 lbs, the same weight he recorded for a world title bout against John Ruiz and 4 pounds lighter than in his last fight against Hasim Rahman.

From the first round Peter went forward and fought behind the jab while also trying to consistently work Toney's body, while Toney fought mostly in a counterpunching manner, relying on his speed and slickness to keep Peter at bay and make him missing. After struggling with Toney's movement in the first two rounds, Peter hurt Toney in the third, sending him to the ropes, however Toney did not allow him to further capitalize on it. The trend of Toney landing more and Peter landing harder shots continued through the middle rounds. In the ninth, Peter was deducted a point for rabbit punching. He managed to hurt Toney with two right hands in the tenth. Peter changed his approach in the later rounds, relying more on volume punching, while Toney continued fighting mostly as a counterpuncher. In the end, Peter won the bout by split decision, with scores 116–111 twice in favor of Peter and 115–112 for Toney. "I never fought someone like that," Peter said in a post-fight interview. "I was thinking I was going to knock him out. But he's so smart. I had him hurt a couple of times, but he's so slick. He never hurt me; I'm solid like a rock. My game plan was to go in there and stick the jab, and it was working for me all night long." Both Toney and his trainer Freddie Roach disagreed with the final verdict and criticized Peter for rabbit punches and threatened to issue a protest.

The decision was widely disputed by boxing fans and media, many of whom believed Toney should've been given the victory and that he outstruck Peter and landed cleaner punches, although Peter was credited with landing the harder shots and there was acknowledgement that many rounds were close and competitive. The New York Post had Toney winning 114–113.

Peter vs. Toney II
As a result of the controversy, on September 27, WBC ordered a rematch between Toney and Peter. For the rematch, Toney hired fitness coach Billy Blanks. This time Peter weighed in at 249 lbs, dropping below 250 lbs for the first time since the Klitschko fight. Toney weighed in at 234 lbs, approximately the same as the previous encounter, but claimed to be "in 150 percent better shape now".

Peter started the fight at a high pace, increasing his work behind the jab compared to the first fight, while also showing more movement and patience and not allowing Toney to frustrate him. Peter staggered Toney in the first round but Toney managed to survive. In the second round, Peter knocked Toney down with a double jab, catching him off balance. Peter became the first man to send Toney to the canvas since 1994. Peter continued fighting aggressively and, with few exceptions, remained in control of the fight throughout the entire twelve rounds. By the middle rounds, as Peter successfully cracked through Toney's defense numerous times, Toney's eye began to swell and his defensive work considerably slowed down. Meanwhile, Peter also began to tire but was still doing the better work. Peter hurt Toney again with a big right hand in the eleventh. In the end the fight went the distance, with Peter being declared the winner by unanimous decision. The official judges' scorecards read 119–108, 118–110, 118–110. Unlike the first fight, there was little dispute among ringside observers about the rightful winner. ESPN had Peter winning 120–107, giving him every round.

"I taunted him. I gave him the Muhammad Ali shuffle with a little Floyd Mayweather, too," Peter said after the fight. "This was my best fight." Despite the victory, Ivaylo Gotzev rated Peter's performance at B−. Meanwhile, Dino Duva claimed that Peter could become undisputed heavyweight champion by the end of 2007 if the champions "have the nerve" to fight him. Peter earned $1.5 million for the fight, while Toney earned $1.1 million. With the victory, Peter solidified his status as the mandatory challenger for the WBC title.

Cancelled bout vs. Maskaev
Shortly afterwards, Dino Duva urged Dennis Rappaport, promoter of the then-WBC world heavyweight champion Oleg Maskaev, to start negotiations over a mandatory defense: "José Sulaimán and the WBC have made it clear that they are honoring their commitment for Maskaev to defend his title against Samuel Peter immediately. We respect Oleg, know that he is a true champion, and expect him to honor that commitment."

Initially, Maskaev did not express interest in fighting Peter, instead negotiating with the WBC Emeritus champion Vitali Klitschko, who was going to make a comeback after a 2-year retirement and had a history with Maskaev in amateur boxing (including a fight at the 1991 Soviet Army Championships, when Maskaev allegedly defeated Klitschko by first-round stoppage). Peter was offered between $2.5 and $3 million to step aside, under agreement that the winner of Maskaev-Klitschko fight would face him next. Eventually, negotiations between Klitschko and Maskaev broke down when Klitschko's team refused additional demands from both Maskaev's and Peter's teams: Maskaev wanted a purse of $5 million instead of the offered $3 million, while Peter was also not satisfied with his offer. On April 5, the teams of all three boxers agreed to give a green light to the Maskaev-Peter fight, under agreement that Vitali would be the first in line to face the winner. On April 9, WBC gave Maskaev and Peter time until April 20 to sign a contract, after which a purse offer would be held.

On May 7, Dino Duva won the purse bid with an offer of $3.201 million, ahead of $3.107 million offered by Don King, $2.5 million offered by Rappaport and $2.001 million offered by a Russian promoter. While Rappaport insisted that the purse bid should be split 70/30 in favor of the champion, Don King insisted on a more favorable 55/45; the disagreement put the fight's future at risk. Eventually, both sides reached a compromise and signed a contract on July 26. The fight would take place at Madison Square Garden on October 6 and was going to be the first one since the arena's ring was retired on September 19, although originally the retirement was expected to take place after the fight. Maskaev, Peter and Joe Frazier conducted a symbolic 10-count to "officially" retire the ring.

Going into the fight, predictions varied: some viewed Peter as a favorite due to being younger, faster and stronger than Maskaev, as well as having the better punch resistance and being overall stylistically difficult for Maskaev, while other considered Maskaev to me more skilled and proven against better opposition.

On September 21, it was announced that Maskaev was forced to pull out of the fight due to a herniated disc. The injury would keep him out of the ring for approximately 3–4 months. Because that would result in the WBC title being "frozen" for a total of 14 months (Maskaev made his last defense on December 10, 2006), Peter was promoted to the interim world heavyweight champion.

Peter vs. McCline
While waiting for Peter and Maskaev, Vitali Klitschko signed a contract to face Jameel McCline. The bout was going to take place in Munich on September 22, and was supposed to be a tune-up fight. On September 10, it was reported that Klitschko had suffered a back injury in training. McCline refused to wait for Klitschko, and instead on September 19 Don King announced that DaVarryl Williamson, ranked No.4 heavyweight contender by the WBA, would replace Vitali. However, after Maskaev pulled out of the fight against Peter, McCline was swiftly promoted in the WBC rankings to No.10 and then named as Maskaev's replacement. Such actions were enabled the organization's regulations, which give authority to the WBC Board of Governors to "take any action to resolve any special circumstance"; as McCline had been training for the Klitschko fight and was therefore "in good shape", he was deemed an adequate replacement. Some observers questioned whether McCline should be allowed to fight for the title due to allegations that McCline was using steroids; McCline allegedly received performance enhancing drugs worth more than $12,000 between 2005 and 2006 from Signature Pharmacy in Orlando, Florida. Despite this, the organizers decided to proceed with the fight.

In the build-up to the fight, Peter stated that he "feels great" being a world champion and dismissed notions that the "interim" tag undermines his world title status and that that he was undeserving of the title, hinting that he had already won it in the ring: "Remember when I fought the championship? I remember that it was twice, fought 24 rounds between September and January". Peter's promoter Dino Duva also criticized how Maskaev's team handled the fact that their fighter was injured, casting doubts whether the injury did actually occur. He expressed belief that McCline was a tougher fight for Peter than Maskaev due to his size and boxing skills, but despite everything, "the Samuel Peter heavyweight championship era begins Saturday". He also criticized Vitali Klitschko's team for failing to pay the step-aside money they promised.

Peter started the fight strong, establishing his jab and sometimes doubling and tripling the jab and combining that with movement that would not provide McCline with a target. Just before the end of the second round, which Peter was seemingly on course to win, McCline landed a short uppercut that sent Peter to the canvas for the first time in his boxing career. Shortly into the third round, McCline landed the uppercut again and followed it with a left-right combo, dropping Peter again. After Peter got up again, McCline went for the knockout, however Peter managed to survive the onslaught and started firing back, as McCline began to run out of stamina. Despite this, McCline managed to drop Peter for the third time with a left followed by two rights. In between the third and fourth rounds, Peter's corner urged their fighter not to engage in exchanges and box smarter. From the fourth round, Peter had more success keeping McCline at the end of his jab, while also keeping his offense versatile and not allowing McCline to fully regain his stamina and recapture the initiative. By the eighth round, many ringside observers had the fight close on their scorecards. McCline hurt Peter with an uppercut again in the eighth but failed to follow up. Both fighters looked tired in the championship rounds, however Peter managed to win the remaining three rounds, fighting cautiously in the twelfth in order to cruise into a decision victory. Ultimately, he was declared the winner by unanimous decision, with scores 115–110, 115–111 and 113–112.

"When I was knocked down I knew I had to stand up and defend my belt," said Peter. "I'm a champion. [...] Now I'm going home to bring the title back to Africa." He dismissed underestimating McCline, but admitted to have enter the fight with a broken left hand and hid it from the commission because he did not want to "follow Maskaev's footsteps". The fight was well received by observers, particularly Peter was praised for overcoming adversity and finding his way back into the fight after a difficult start, although McCline received some criticism for letting Peter off the hook after knocking him down three times.

Peter vs. Maskaev
As interim champion, he was a mandatory challenger for the WBC belt held by Oleg Maskaev, who had been inactive since December 2006 due to injury. This long-anticipated fight took place on March 8, 2008, at the principal bullfighting venue in Cancún, Mexico. Peter won by TKO, with the referee stopping the fight with only a few seconds remaining in the sixth round. Peter used far less movement than he had in his previous two bouts against Maskaev, from the first round onwards both were trading heavy shots. In round three Peter staggered Maskaev and was then rocked in return. Maskaev had not been able to really hurt Peter. Peter used his jab to pursue Maskaev in the sixth and eventually broke through with a big right hand. Maskaev staggered backwards and Peter moved in for the finish. Peter continued to pummel Maskaev on the ropes while Oleg tried to motion to the referee about rabbit punches. The referee stepped in with seconds remaining as Maskaev staggered backwards into the corner. Peter was ahead on all three judges' scorecards at the time of the stoppage.

Peter vs. Vitali Klitschko
Following his victory over Maskaev, he publicly challenged IBF, WBO and IBO champion Wladimir Klitschko to a unification bout, which would have been Klitschko's second such fight, as well as his second matchup with Peter (the first ending with a unanimous decision victory for Klitschko). Such a fight would have unified three of the four major titles, the closest the division had been to an undisputed champion since Lennox Lewis relinquished the WBA title (one of the three he then held) by court order on April 29, 2000. Klitschko indicated he might fight Peter, but suggested that Peter should fight his brother Vitali first. Vitali Klitschko had retired as WBC champion in November 2005, and was considered the WBC's champion emeritus, giving him the right to a mandatory challenge under the rules of that organization should he elect to fight again. At the time of his retirement, Vitali was the dominant force in his division. Both had a claim to being the rightful WBC belt holder. Yet there was added importance for the bout; if Vitali were to win it would mean that both brothers would achieve their dream of being heavyweight champions at the same time. On the other hand, if Peter were to win and then challenge Wladimir in a rematch, it would bring the heavyweight division close to the first undisputed title holder in years. Peter accepted the WBC's ruling and the bout was scheduled for October 11 at O2 World Berlin.

Klitschko had a memorable ring entrance with five former heavyweight champions appearing to wish him luck in his comeback. Klitschko would reclaim his belt in dominating fashion. Although he was coming back from a four-year layoff, Klitschko was sharp from the opening bell. Peter had been expected to set the pace and pursue Vitali, instead he spent time outside trying to box his way in. Klitschko took the center of the ring and found Peter an easy target. Peter landed two hard right hands in the second round, but they had almost no effect on Vitali at all. After four rounds Peter's face was swelling and his corner was growing in frustration. His corner implored him to let his hands go and push Vitali back. Peter tried to rally in the sixth round, but only made himself an even more open target for Klitschko's counter punches. The seventh round was extremely punishing for the defending champion as he ate several left hooks, right crosses and jabs. Peter seemed unresponsive to his corner's advice after a few rounds. As his corner tried to give him instructions the scores of the fight were read out by the ring announcer. Two judges had Klitschko ahead by 80–72, and one by 79–73. Peter informed he did not wish to continue, prompting the referee to stop the fight and declare Klitschko the winner.

Defeat to Chambers and return to form
Looking to bounce back to the heavyweight title picture, Peter faced Eddie Chambers on March 27, 2009. The fight took place at Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles, and was aired on ESPN2. Chambers injured his right thumb early in the third round, but was able to outbox Peter for the majority of the fight, frustrating his opponent with speed and quickness and being able to block most of Peter's shots using his gloves and armes. As a result, Chambers was declared the winner by majority decision, with the judges scoring the bout 99–91, 96–94 and 95–95. Some observers criticized the 95–95 score, believing Peter had not done enough to win more than three rounds.

He fought Marcus McGee on July 25, 2009, in Mexico, knocking him unconscious in the third round with a right hand. He weighed in at a 243 lbs for this fight.

His next fight was on September 15, 2009, against the little known Ronald Bellamy. Peter won by second-round knockout. He then fought journeyman Gabe Brown and won by fourth round stoppage.

Following his three successful victories over journeymen, Peter took a step up in competition against Nagy Aguilera in an IBF eliminator (Aguilera had earned the position with a stunning first-round knockout of former champion Oleg Maskaev). Peter came in at 237 pounds, the lightest since his seventh pro fight. He dominated an entertaining first round before sending Aguilera down in the second with a right hand counter, Nagy beat the count but was stopped soon after as he was hanging against the ropes, taking heavy shots.

Peter then targeted either a rematch with Wladimir Klitschko or a final IBF eliminator with unbeaten Alexander Povetkin. Sensing that Povetkin was not willing to fight Klitschko, Peter made himself available as a replacement opponent. Both Peter and Povetkin were ranked as #1 IBF contenders.

Peter vs. Wladimir Klitschko II and release from Top Rank
On September 11, 2010, Peter fought Wladimir Klitschko again at the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt, Germany, for the IBF, WBO, and IBO heavyweight titles. Peter weighed in at 241 pounds, two pounds lighter than the first fight. Klitschko came in at a career heavy of 247 pounds. Both fighters had promised knockouts in the pre fight build up. Peter started the fight very aggressively in a bob and weave style he had never before fought in. He caught Klitschko with a good left hook in the opening round, though Klitschko remained unshaken. Klitschko ended the round well. In the second round Klitschko caught Peter with three hard right hands, one of which seemed to stun him. Both fighters struggled to land punches in the third round, there was a lot of clinching in what was a physical encounter. Unlike their first fight referee Robert Byrd did not let Peter punch on the break or hit to the back of the head. After four rounds the fight became one sided, with Peter's right eye closing. Peter could not find the target and started lunging with wild shots, his legs had slowed dramatically and he was taking heavy shots. He did get through with a big right hand in round six though. Klitschko, instead of going backwards as he did in their first fight, would meet Peter in the middle of the ring and dominate him physically in the clinches. Peter was taking heavy punishment and after eight rounds was totally exhausted. After the ninth round Peter's cornerman Abel Sanchez threatened to stop the fight, and said he would give him one more round. Emanuel Steward implored Klitschko to throw combinations. Peter swung wildly in the tenth and Klitschko opened up with a punishing combination which floored him. Referee Robert Byrd did not start a count and waved the fight off, awarding Klitschko the win by knockout. It was Klitschko's ninth successful title defense.

The nature of the defeat to Klitschko in the rematch possibly spelled the end of Peter's career as a top level fighter. Top Rank released him from his contract soon after. In spite of this Peter's manager said they would look to secure other big fights in the division against anyone other than the Klitschko brothers.

Peter vs. Helenius
After his release from Top Rank, Peter and his management sent an offer to Tomasz Adamek for an IBF elimination match. The fight fell through when Peter refused Adamek's challenger money of $150,000. Peter then went into negotiations for a fight with Tye Fields which also failed to materialise. Then, in March 2011, it was revealed that Peter would travel to Germany to face undefeated Finnish prospect Robert Helenius. Peter was rumoured to be in training with Jeff Mayweather, however, Mayweather was not present for Peter's fight against Helenius. Peter weighed in for the contest at 260 lb, 18.5 lbs heavier than in the Klitschko fight. Peter was without a reputed trainer or even a cutman for the fight. Peter had reasonable success in the first half of the bout, winning several of the first six rounds; however, after that point Peter began to tire. The end came when Helenius knocked down an exhausted Peter in round nine, Peter got to his feet only to be sent back to the canvas where he remained for well over the 10 second count, awarding Helenius the win by KO. The nature of the loss to Helenius, as well as Peter's terrible physical condition led many to call for Peter's retirement from boxing.

2014 return
Peter made an unexpected return to the ring on September 27, 2014, to face journeyman Ron Aubrey. Peter came into the ring at an all-time career heavy of 271 lb, and was struggling to walk before the bout began. Peter ended the fight when a vicious right hook knocked Aubrey unconscious in the first round.

Fight cancellations
During his four-year period of near total inactivity, Peter had been signed to fight several opponents with all the bouts being cancelled. He was scheduled to compete in the Super 8 boxing tournament, but pulled out due to injury. He was then scheduled to face former title challenger Alex Leapai but once again he pulled out as the fight neared. He then signed to fight Alexander Ustinov but again cancelled the fight with only days to go. Peter was close to agreeing to fight Luis Ortiz before eventually being replaced.

Career from 2016–present
At the age of 36, after a two-year layoff, Peter returned to the ring on October 23 fighting in Mexico, defeating unknown boxer Juan Carlos Salas (6–9) in three rounds. Peter weighed 262-pounds. It was still unclear if Peter would be returning to boxing full-time.

On November 1, there were early talks that Peter would be fighting former world title challenger Kubrat Pulev in December in Sofia, Bulgaria. Pulev, ranked at number 2 with the IBF, recently defeated Derek Chisora via decision in May. A fight was confirmed five days later by Team Sauerland, officially announcing the fight between Peter and Pulev on December 3 in Bulgaria. This would be a stay busy fight for Pulev before his anticipated European title defense against Polish boxer Mariusz Wach. Pulev vacated his European title on November 22. In front of 15,000 at the Arena Armeec, Pulev defeated Peter via fourth round corner retirement (RTD) to win the vacant WBA Inter-Continental heavyweight title. Peter was aggressive throughout but struggled with Pulev's jab. The fight was stopped after round three when Peter dislocated his right shoulder while throwing a big punch. He went back to the corner leaning towards the right side and the injury forced him to retire.

Peter returned to Mexico once again on February 22, 2019, having not fought in two years. He appeared at the Cheers Bar & Grill in Tijuana knocking out Gerardo Escobar in just 44 seconds of the fight starting. On March 26 Peter signed a promotional contract with Salita Promotions and was announced to fight Mexican journeyman Mario Heredia (15–6–1, 13 KOs) on April 13 at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City on the undercard of Claressa Shields vs. Christina Hammer. Prior to the fight, Heredia was 2–5–1 in his previous eight bouts. Peter lost an eight-round split decision to Heredia, which took place at the Adrian Phillips Theater. Peter scored a knockdown in round-three yet was unable to finish Heredia, who fought on and prevailed by scores of 77–74 and 76–75, with the third judge giving Peter the nod via a 79–72 margin.

Personal life
Peter is a devout Christian who neither drinks nor smokes. He lives in Las Vegas, Nevada. Peter is the nephew of Nigerian professional wrestler Great Power Uti.

title: Samuel Peter


text:
User:Better Than You At Everything

It's true!

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Better Than You At Everything


text:
Talk:XBin

from VfD:

Non notable vanity stub. Only garners 1590 hits on google (XBIN +ANSI (1180), XBIN +ACiD (410)). Hopelessly POV. —RaD Man (talk) 07:06, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - agree. Cdc 07:38, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge a quick mention into ACiD Productions or perhaps merge both into ANSI art. "WTF is an XBIN image?" is something I've actually had to look up before. iMeowbot~Mw 07:53, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Since XBin is apparently something that people do want to search for, I'd say Redirect to either ACiD Productions or ANSI art and merge.   — Asbestos | Talk 15:53, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn . Ok, Keep Wyss 18:51, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, how can a file format be vanity? What exactly is POV about it, much less "hopelessly" so? Seems a perfectly reasonable article to me, I see no reason to delete. Wolfman 01:27, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep Yuckfoo 04:51, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, but cleanup in a major way.  --fvw *  08:05, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * Keep. Please don't disrupt Wikipedia to make a point.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:39, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - I agree with Wolfman. Seems like a reasonable article to me. --Fyrefiend 06:43, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:XBin


text:
Talk:Pleasant Valley State Prison

I was just wondering how the visiting was in the prison. do you look at each other through glass or is there a room that I can see my cousin in? Also do the inmates have e-mail?

listen up you dumb crackers
Pleasant Valley no longer houses Flesh-n-Bone. Your attempts to smear the good name of this hard working African American have been noted and all the contributing authors of this article can expect the process server at their door soon with legal papers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.189.253.109 (talk) 09:38, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

 * the inmate in question is listed as a former inmate. No need to get all racial, bro. 47.137.189.77 (talk) 08:32, 21 June 2019 (UTC)

when was the prisoner shot by the guard
My son has recently been transferred to Pleasant Valley. Your visit will depend on what unit your cousin is in. If he is in ad seg your visit will be behind glass. Otherwise, it should be in a visiting room where you can purchase vending machine food and sit at a table and talk. Good luck.

Guards are knuckle dragging baffoons! Think about it. What skills are required to land a job as a correctional officer? Maybe some babysitting jobs as a teen would be helpful. CDC hires those men and women that are too stupid to do work requiring skill. The job pays surprisingly well for such an easy task. It should be no surprise to the public when we hear stories of inmate mistreatment seeing how the men and women doing the guard work are rejects from the skilled workforce of our great land. May the families of those abusive guards be subjected to the same horror as they have inflicted on the fine young men and women doing time in our state prison system. To HELL with CDC. May they rot and burn in HELL!

Many guards do take the easy way in. The become very similar to the ones they guard; they become substance abusers, possibly to deal with stress. They see themselves,'as above' the people they guard. It is true that, there education is limited. Infact many inmates, may have more education than the guards. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.6.219.128 (talk) 05:51, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

Deleted non-notable inmate
Gregory Scott Haidl. Vanity. NuclearWinner (talk) 23:54, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

 * OK< I did a bit of research and Gregory Haidl's trials was called "one of the highest-profile trials ever in Orange County" by the Orange County Register. So, I agree he is definitely notable - not in a good way.  Sorry for previous deletion.  NuclearWinner (talk) 01:36, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Haidl was the son of an Orange County Undersheriff, during a time of much turmoil in the O.C. Sheriff's Department - including the wrongful conviction of a teen who committed suicide after spending years in prison, the federal conviction for corruption and imprisonment of the elected sheriff who chastised that teen, another undersheriff convicted of corruption who served with the aforementioned sheriff, a fatal jailhouse beating of an inmate facilitated by a sheriff deputy, and a lawsuit brought by death row inmates involving collusion between the OC sheriff's department and District Attorney's office concening use of jailhouse informants. Haidl may not warrant his own Wikipedia article, but he is notable due to his family and the political situation in Orange County, CA 10-15 years ago.47.137.189.77 (talk) 08:48, 21 June 2019 (UTC)

Wikiproject Prisons
If anyone's interested, I've proposed a new wikiproject for the creation and improvement of articles regarding specific prisons, internment camps, and detention centers here. --Cdogsimmons (talk) 02:28, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Pleasant Valley State Prison. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090813142309/http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Visitors/Facilities/PVSP.html to http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Visitors/Facilities/PVSP.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20080524025254/http://www.sacbee.com:80/111/story/328044.html to http://www.sacbee.com/111/story/328044.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 04:36, 8 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Pleasant Valley State Prison. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070912033301/http://www.sacbee.com:80/111/story/368363.html to http://www.sacbee.com/111/story/368363.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060518010927/http://www.fresnobee.com:80/local/v-printerfriendly/story/8101687p-8958147c.html to http://www.fresnobee.com/local/v-printerfriendly/story/8101687p-8958147c.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:55, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pleasant Valley State Prison


text:
Talk:Chris Rock

Profile photo change
The current profile photo should be updated. Rock's facial expression in the photo is rebarbative. The photo I updated it to, reverted by FlightTime, is a much more suitable profile photo:

Cerebrality (talk) 20:07, 23 December 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm more of a man of the people rather than a man of letters, I had to look up "rebarbative." But, yes, I think the new image looks better. Zaathras (talk) 20:22, 23 December 2023 (UTC)
 * I will update the photo. Cerebrality (talk) 13:53, 24 December 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 July 2024
In the section Early life, please change

 * Rock's great-great-grandfather, Julius Caesar Tingman, was enslaved for 21 years before serving in the American Civil War as part of the United States Colored Troops.

to

 * Rock's great-great-grandfather, Julius Caesar Tingman, was enslaved for 21 years before serving in the American Civil War as part of the United States Colored Troops, then later was elected to two terms in the South Carolina House of Representatives.

Here is a reference for the foregoing:

Thank you! 142.47.70.62 (talk) 17:43, 2 July 2024 (UTC) 142.47.70.62 (talk) 17:43, 2 July 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Geardona (talk to me?) 18:18, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chris Rock


text:
Talk:Robert Cummings

from VfD:
This article starts in style: Robert Mark Cummings (not to be confused with anyone else bearing the name for which the following description does not apply) and doesn't let up. It may deserve some sort of award. Unfortunately Mr Cummings doesn't seem particularly notable.

Oh, I dunno ... I must concede that (to my tired eyes) he's made to seem slightly more notable than are the dozens of anime voice actors (etc etc etc etc etc) that are reverently awarded articles on Wikipedia. (Not to mention "Sollog". Ack!) But the notability might just be that of this unintentionally (I presume) merry article. What do youse think? -- Hoary 07:10, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)

 * PS I wholeheartedly approve of the new (and entirely unrelated) article. -- Hoary 09:30, 2004 Dec 24 (UTC)

 * Delete --Carnildo 07:11, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 07:22, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Note The Bob Cummings Show, starring a Robert Cummings for whom this one will never be mistaken. His nearly 70 Hollywood films and his sequence of '60s and '70s TV shows probably rate a bio article, to which the redirect should then be retargeted, but no rush for that.  (The existing text can be discarded without compunctions.) --Jerzy(t) 07:55, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC) [Cancelling this vote in order to cast a "Redirect and prohibit Dab" vote below. --Jerzy(t) 05:25, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)]
 * What's wrong with anime? Oh, and btw, delete. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 17:28, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. Wyss 18:45, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to The Bob Cummings Show. My first thought on seeing this entry was that it was that Bob Cummings. The Carleton University graduate who developed BlobbieScript is not yet sufficiently notable to merit an article. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:52, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect, as Jerzy said.  --fvw *  08:06, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * Redirects are cheap. Refer this to The Bob Cummings Show. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:50, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect. Eventually the Robert Cummings (actor) article should go here. This user has vandalized a dozen pages by un-wikilinking every mention of the actor. -Willmcw 01:15, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect and Prohibit Dab. In addition to the reasons given in my cancelled vote above, the disruption of existing red links (see User:Willmcw's vote, presently directly above) calls for
 * at the least, noting that no one favored a Disambiguation page to accomodate the subject of Robert Mark Cummings, and
 * preferably saying as much more as the VfD-closer finds justified, in the direction of "future inclusion of Robert Mark Cummings in the WP article space should be summarily reverted, in the absence of a 7-day process on Talk:Robert Cummings (or on Talk:The Bob Cummings Show if Robert Cummings is still a redirect) that culminates in a consensus finding that circumstances have changed to make Robert Mark Cummings of encyclopedic interest."
 * --Jerzy(t) 05:25, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)

 * neither delete nor redirect - I'd prefer the text be replaced with a stub article for the actor Robert Cummings, especially seeing as all the "what links here" refer to the actor, not the person in the current article. Rossrs 13:47, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Write the stub & i'll call it a rescue and vote with you. But don't vote on the basis of what could be if you don't find the stub worthy enuf to write. --Jerzy(t) 19:15, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * I thought it was worthy enough to write or I wouldn't have suggested it. I just didn't have the time to do it at that moment. Voting on the basis of what can be is perfectly valid as evidenced by the fact that someone with more free time than me came along and did what I suggested Rossrs 15:41, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll write a bio on the actor, and place it below the existing text. Once this VfD is settled the article can be edited appropriately. -Willmcw 22:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Done. -Willmcw 23:09, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I call that a rescue! Tnx. --Jerzy(t) 23:00, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)
 * Ditto. A job very well done indeed. -- Hoary 09:30, 2004 Dec 24 (UTC) (yes, the original "plaintiff")
 * Thanks J. & H. And thanks to H. for catching the original problem. (I find that a lot of my contributions start as an attempt to smooth over an irritating bit - oyster editing. Many Wiki editors probably got their start, like I did, by seeing an article that was so bad it begged for rounding out. Here's to the bad articles!) Cheers, -Willmcw 09:35, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * a bit belated, but thank you - that's precisely the article I hoped someone would write, only a great deal better! now that first paragraph about the "other" Robert Cummings has gotta go.  Rossrs 12:57, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree, change to article on actor. Spinboy 04:39, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Bob's Photo
I replaced the photo from Dial M For Murder with a close-up of Bob from The Barefoot Mailman. I think this photo better represents Bob's image. I would have left both photos, but Wikipedia guidelines state that only one screenshot should be used per article. I find that the Dial M For Murder photo is more appropriate for the article on that film. SteveHopson 03:46, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Good choice. Thanks for doing that. -Will Beback 19:27, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Robert Cummings was the birth name of Rob Zombie. that should get a mention somewhere —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.19.126.18 (talk) 21:52, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Correct birthdate
The correct birthdate should be: 09 June 1910.

There are two ways that I arrived at this date:

1) using the Social Security Death Index (SSDI): which lists 09 June 1910 and Sherman Oaks, CA as the last residence (which agrees with a NYT obituary).

2) The US Census of 1910 for Joplin, Jasper County, MO. Cummings parents can be found in Galena Township of Jasper County, in enumeration district 14, (sheet number is illegible on Heritage Quest images). Robert O. CUMMINGS (name given in the SSDI) does not appear. The enumeration was taken in April, 1910. His mother would have been pregnant, but that does not "count". Had Robert been born in 1908, he should have appeared with the age of "1". Another entry shows the mother "Ruth K." had not given birth to any children at this point in her life. The CUMMINGS are listed on lines 12/13; were noted as being married for 10 years; and were 44 and 34 years of age, respectively. The father was listed as aa "allopathic" (sp?) physician. [I suspect he was not a graduate MD.] —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.243.207.8 (talk) 23:34, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

The above post is correct. Both the California Death Index (i.e. information gathered directly from death certificates issued in the state) and the Social Security Death Index give Mr. Cummings date of birth as June 9, 1910. 67.168.218.159 (talk) 23:30, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Rename article

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: no consensus for move. Favonian (talk) 14:42, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

Robert Cummings → Bob Cummings – This actor is better known as Bob Cummings, including having both of his self-named shows called "The Bob Cummings Show". 24.149.45.52 (talk) 13:32, 5 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Support move. We customarily list people by the commonly used name. See Ted Kennedy (Edward M. Kennedy) and Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter). •••Life of Riley (T–C) 01:44, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
 * ...and Bill Clinton. •••Life of Riley (T–C) 01:47, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose: He was billed in all his films as Robert (see the photo in our very own article, for example), and the world at large knows him as Robert. It's only American audiences who stand a chance of knowing him as Bob, from his TV shows, but apparently his most successful one ran in 1955-59, so those audiences have to be aged at least 65-70 now and do not represent the average viewer.  --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  09:25, 7 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose: Cummings was billed as Bob Cummings in only 20 credits in his entire career, whereas he was billed as Robert Cummings in 85 credits.  Even though he went by Bob in the credits of two of his TV series (in which he played characters named Bob), his final TV series billed him as Robert (with him playing a character named Robert).  Virtually none of the Bob Cummings credits were on anything other than U.S. television, and to the world at large, his greatly larger recognition factor as Robert Cummings (based on his greatly larger output of material distributed around the world and still widely available, i.e., feature films) makes Robert the name of preference for Wikipedia.  A re-direct from Bob Cummings is sufficient for the comparatively lesser number of people who only know him as Bob. Monkeyzpop (talk) 07:01, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Additionally, see the obituaries cited in the article. They all, including the New York Times, use Robert rather than Bob in their headlines.Monkeyzpop (talk) 07:18, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Robert Cummings vs Bob Cummings
For the record, subject was known exclusively as "Robert Cummings" from his first billed on-screen appearances in the 1935 films The Virginia Judge and So Red the Rose until 1951 when, in TV appearances, he introduced himself as "Bob". Between 1951 and 1957, he was billed intermittently as "Robert" (for all theatrical film roles, dramatic TV roles and, in 1952, for his first sitcom My Hero) and as "Bob" (for his second sitcom, starting in 1955, and other TV comedic roles). His final billing as "Robert" was in the March 24, 1957 episode of General Electric Theater. After March 1957, until his death in 1990, he was always billed and introduced as "Bob", a name he used for all of his performances, both in films and TV, and both dramatic ("Bomber's Moon" (1958) on Playhouse 90, "King Nine Will Not Return" (1960) on The Twilight Zone, Stagecoach (1966 film)) and comedic (My Living Doll, 1964–65).—Roman Spinner (talk) 02:26, 7 February 2012 (UTC)
 * To amplify my earlier comments (directly above), Cummings' listing at Find a Grave, depicts his burial place nameplate as "CUMMINGS Robert O." The AFI Catalog lists him as Robert Cummings as do IMDb (Robert Cummings) and AllMovie (Robert Cummings). IBDb, on the other hand, lists him as Bob Cummings and indicates that in each of his four Broadway appearances, he used a different stage name — Blade Stanhope Conway in 1931, Brice Hitchens in 1934, Robert Cummings in 1951 and Bob Cummings in 1966.
 * One sentence in his IMDb biographical write-up ("In dramatic films he was billed in the credits as Robert Cummings; in lighter fare, often as Bob Cummings") perpetuates the mistaken notion that he used the two names interchangeably. In fact, until the end of 1954, he was billed exclusively as "Robert" (including in his 1952–53 sitcom My Hero, although in the (end) credits of at least one of its episodes, May 30, 1953, he is billed as "Bob").
 * 1954 was the final year in which his billing was consistently indicated as "Robert Cummings". For his Emmy-winning dramatic performance in the live production of "Twelve Angry Men" as well as two theatrical features, Lucky Me (a musical comedy) and Dial M for Murder (a Hitchcock thriller), the on-screen credits (as well as those indicated on posters) specify "Robert Cummings" but, his subsequent theatrical feature, the following year's How to Be Very, Very Popular, depicts the on-screen and poster billing as "Bob Cummings", a practice followed in all of his remaining theatrical features, whether dramatic (1964's The Carpetbaggers, 1966's Stagecoach) or comedic (1963's Beach Party, 1965's Promise Her Anything).
 * On January 2, 1955, the premiere episode of his popular sitcom The Bob Cummings Show was broadcast on NBC, with the opening credits specifying, "starring Bob Cummings". From that point, for the remainder of his career, virtually all of his credits indicated "Bob". The only known instances after January 1955 in which he was billed as "Robert Cummings" occurred in a couple of half-hour western episodes of Four Star Productions' anthology series General Electric Theater (March 24, 1957) and Zane Grey Theater (November 24, 1960). Other than those two exceptions, his stage name remained "Bob Cummings" from January 1955 until his death in December 1990. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 00:21, 1 July 2016 (UTC)
 * A correction within my penultimate sentence, above: while Zane Grey Theater was produced by Four Star Productions, General Electric Theater was not, having been a production of Universal Television's Revue Studios. —Roman Spinner (talk)(contribs) 03:59, 7 August 2016 (UTC)

Robert Cummings
I have seen conflicting information about his fourth wife, whom you have listed as Wong but other sources list as Young. The first names are not similar either. Thought you would like to know. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:301:7743:E050:E575:8D17:D335:7CCC (talk) 01:09, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

Vivian Janis
This 1938 article by Cummings in Flying states that he and Janis were married in 1935 in Akron. Don't have access to the source that gives 1933, so I can't say if this is a reference conflict, typo, or edit snafu. Cummings didn't seem to have a problem inventing identities, so maybe he made it up... Richigi (talk) 18:50, 28 November 2014 (UTC)

Unusual errors
Unusual amount of misplaced letters, words and sentences.

title: Talk:Robert Cummings


text:
Talk:Hollywood Heartbreakers

From VfD
from VfD:

A porn film. Makes no mention of why its notable. There's something like a few hundred thousand (if not more) porn films out there. Do we need an article on every single one of them? [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 07:10, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The way the article currently stands, it does not establish notability.  -- JamesTeterenko 07:54, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Surely it's notable for the unheard-of unembarrassingness of the title. Yes, I wouldn't mind being overheard asking in the video store for something called "Hollywood Heartbreakers". But that's feeble notability indeed. Delete -- Hoary 08:07, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)
 * On BJAODN in the past. Samaritan 08:49, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * LOL! God bless America indeed. (SO glad I live in Canada) [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 10:20, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Everyking 12:48, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup (the article, if you cleaned the movie there probably wouldn't be much footage left). Seems to be genuine, and has a couple of notable performers (sic) such as Traci Lords. Andrewa 16:59, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Wyss 18:40, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep it. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 19:48, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If someone wants to make a real article on this, let them do it, but if nobody does, nothing is lost. - Andre Engels 22:28, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * ...What about who starred in it, what year it was released, and the fact it's porn? I'd say that would be lost. Everyking 23:32, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Reluctantly Delete. While I haven't seen it personally, it has both Ron Jeremy and Peter North, possibly the two biggest (no pun intended) stars in American porn today.  However, they're in separate scenes (according to the entry at IAFD), so this sounds like typical porn film that happens to have big-name talent.  Googling it has found me nothing but similar stubs, with the release date, cast, and crew, so it seems unlikely that it's important to the history of pornography.  --LostLeviathan 00:21, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: That's quite a lot of information, and most of it isn't in the current stub, so if it's kept please add it. No change of vote. Andrewa 14:26, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep Yuckfoo 04:52, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, Wikipedia is not IMDB. While there are some porn films that merit their own article, this doesn't sound like one of them -- Ferkelparade π 08:49, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia is not IMDB, it is much more sophisticated and not the private property of Amazon.com. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:21, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable stars, minorly notable. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 20:40, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * My personal feelings say delete. But my sense of what Wikipedia should be says keep. Wikipedia wins. Samaritan 01:20, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * What, a directory of porn films? Shall I make an article for...*scans Peter North's filmography* ..."First Time Ever 5" (What an oxymoron) "Gang Bang Girl 22"? Or, considering films with another porn star of some notability, "Harlequin Affair"? "Whore of the Worlds"? What I'm saying here is do we really need (and I'm not asking this on any kind of "moral" basis, rather a notability one) an entry for every single porn film ever made? Sure, notable ones, I can understand. Stuff that broke records, or a major star's first (or last) movie, or etc. But every Joe Average porn film? I don't think we really need that. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 02:01, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * This should really come as no surprise, but I think that'd be just dandy. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 07:24, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: pr0ncruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 22:45, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - David Gerard 23:05, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Tuf-Kat 03:49, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for now and place on cleanup. Bryan 20:56, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Hollywood Heartbreakers


text: Category:Economy of Australia

title: Category:Economy of Australia


text: User talk:68.231.134.110

title: User talk:68.231.134.110


text:
Christopher Robin Milne

Christopher Robin Milne (21 August 1920 – 20 April 1996) was an English author and bookseller and the only child of author A. A. Milne. As a child, he was the basis of the character Christopher Robin in his father's Winnie-the-Pooh stories and in two books of poems.

Early life
Christopher Robin Milne was born at 11 Mallord Street, Chelsea, London (renumbered as 13 Mallord Street in 1924), on 21 August 1920, to author Alan Alexander Milne and Daphne (née de Sélincourt) Milne. Milne speculated that he was an only child because "he had been a long time coming." From an early age, Milne was cared for by his nanny Olive "Nou" Rand Brockwell, until May 1930, when he entered boarding school. Milne called her Nou, and stated "Apart from her fortnight's holiday every September, we had not been out of each other's sight for more than a few hours at a time", and "we lived together in a large nursery on the top floor."

Milne's father explained that "Rosemary" was the intended name of their firstborn child, if it was a girl. Realizing that it was going to be a boy, he decided on "Billy", but without the intention of actually christening him William. Instead, each parent chose a name; hence his legal name was Christopher Robin. Within the family, he was referred to as "Billy Moon", a combination of his nickname and his childhood mispronunciation of Milne. From 1929 onwards, he would simply be referred to as Christopher, and he later stated that it was "the only name I feel to be really mine."

On his first birthday on 21 August 1921, Milne received an Alpha Farnell teddy bear, which he later named Edward. Eeyore was a Christmas present in 1921 and Piglet arrived undated. Edward, along with a real Canadian black bear named Winnipeg that Milne saw at London Zoo, eventually became the inspiration for the Winnie-the-Pooh character.

Milne spoke self-deprecatingly of his own intellect, "I may have been on the dim side", or "not very bright". He also described himself as being "good with his hands" and possessing a Meccano set. His self-descriptions included "girlish", since he had long hair and wore "girlish clothes", and being "very shy and 'un-self-possessed'".

An early childhood friend was Anne Darlington, also an only child, who, as Milne described it, was for his parents "the Rosemary that I wasn't." Darlington had a toy monkey, Jumbo, as dear to her as Pooh was to Milne. Several poems by Milne's father, and several illustrations by E. H. Shepard, feature Darlington and Milne, notably "Buttercup Days", in which their relative hair colours (brown and golden blond) and their mutual affection is noted (the illustration to this latter poem, from Now We Are Six, also features the cottage at Cotchford Farm). To Milne's parents, Darlington was, and remained to her death, the daughter that Milne wasn't, and Daphne long held fond hopes that Darlington and Milne would marry.

In 1925, Milne's father bought Cotchford Farm, near the Ashdown Forest in East Sussex. Though still living in London, the family would spend weekends, Easter, and summer holidays there. As Milne described it, "So there we were in 1925 with a cottage, a little bit of garden, a lot of jungle, two fields, a river, and then all the green, hilly countryside beyond, meadows and woods, waiting to be explored." The place became the inspiration for fiction, with Milne stating, "Gill's Lap that inspired Galleon's Lap, the group of pine trees on the other side of the main road that became the Six Pine Trees, the bridge over the river at Posingford that became Pooh-sticks Bridge," and a nearby "ancient walnut tree" became Pooh's House. His toys, Pooh, Eeyore, Piglet, plus two invented characters, Owl and Rabbit, came to life through Milne and his mother, to the point where his father could write stories about them. Kanga, Roo, and Tigger were later presents from his parents.

Of this time, Milne states, "I loved my Nanny, I loved Cotchford. I also quite liked being Christopher Robin and being famous."

When his nanny departed when he was nine, Milne's relationship with his father grew. As he put it, "For nearly ten years I had clung to Nanny. For nearly ten more years I was to cling to him, adoring him as I had adored Nanny, so that he too became almost a part of me ..."

When Milne eventually wrote his memoirs, he dedicated them to Olive Rand Brockwell: "Alice to millions, but Nou to me".

Schooling
At age six, Milne and Darlington attended Miss Walters' school. On 15 January 1929, Milne started at Gibbs, a boys' day school in Sloane Square, London. In May 1930, he started boarding school at Boxgrove School near Guildford. Of his time at boarding school, Milne said, "For it was now that began that love-hate relationship with my fictional namesake that has continued to this day." His father's books were popular, and they were well known by his schoolmates, which made Milne a target of bullying by the other children. Milne later described the poem "Vespers" – about the toddler Christopher Robin saying his evening prayers – as "the one [work] that has brought me over the years more toe-curling, fist-clenching, lip-biting embarrassment than any other."

Milne earned a mathematics scholarship at Stowe School, where he was relentlessly bullied, and wrote: "It seemed to me almost that my father had got to where he was by climbing upon my infant shoulders, that he had filched from me my good name and had left me with the empty fame of being his son." He went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1939.

Adult life
When World War II started, Milne left his studies and tried to join the British Army, but failed the medical examination. His father used his influence to allow Milne to join as a sapper in the 2nd Training Battalion of the Royal Engineers. He was commissioned in July 1942, and was posted to the Middle East and then to Italy, where he was wounded as a platoon commander the following year. After the war he returned to Cambridge University and completed a degree in English.

At 26, he was a very well-educated ex-army officer from a privileged family. He spent a period in London trying to readjust to "civvy street" by finding gainful employment, but his social status worked against him. He explored several career avenues, each one ending in a fruitless cul-de-sac. This was an unhappy and directionless period, sometimes referred to as his 'Downwards' turn. Of this idle interlude he commented "How hateful it is to have too little to do." But he entered an altogether more personally fulfilling chapter of his life: marriage, and rather strangely, as a successful bookshop owner.

On 1948-04-11, Milne became engaged to Lesley de Sélincourt, a first cousin on his mother's side and daughter of the translator Aubrey de Sélincourt, and they married on 1948-07-24.

In 1951, he and his wife moved to Dartmouth, and opened The Harbour Bookshop on 25 August. This turned out to be a success, although his mother had thought the decision odd, as Milne did not seem to like "business", and as a bookseller he would have to meet fans of his father's work. The shop was closed by its most recent owners in September 2011.

Milne occasionally visited his father when the elder Milne became ill. After his father died, Milne never returned to Cotchford Farm. His mother eventually sold the farm and moved back to London after disposing of his father's personal possessions. Milne, who did not want any part of his father's royalties, decided to write a book about his childhood. As Milne describes it, that book, The Enchanted Places, "combined to lift me from under the shadow of my father and of Christopher Robin, and to my surprise and pleasure I found myself standing beside them in the sunshine able to look them both in the eye".

Following her husband's death, Daphne Milne had little further contact with her son, did not see him during the last 15 years of her life and refused to see him on her deathbed.

A few months after his father's death in 1956, Milne's daughter Clare was born and diagnosed with severe cerebral palsy.

Milne gave the original stuffed animals that inspired the Pooh characters to the books' editor, who in turn donated them to the New York Public Library; Marjorie Taylor recounts in her book Imaginary Companions and the Children Who Create Them how many were disappointed at this, and Milne had to explain that he preferred to concentrate on the things that currently interested him. He disliked the idea of Winnie-the-Pooh being commercialised.

Death
Milne, who lived with myasthenia gravis for some years, died in his sleep on 1996-04-20 in Totnes, Devon, at a local hospital, aged 75. Following his death, he was described by one newspaper as a "dedicated atheist".

Family
Milne had one child, a daughter named Clare, who had cerebral palsy. In adult life, she led several charitable campaigns for the condition, including the Clare Milne Trust. She died in 2012, at the age of 56, of a heart abnormality.

Portrayal
Milne is portrayed by Will Tilston and Alex Lawther in Goodbye Christopher Robin, a 2017 film which was "inspired by" his relationship with his father.

title: Christopher Robin Milne


text:
Michael Cisco

Michael Cisco (born October 13, 1970) is an American writer, Deleuzian academic, and teacher currently living in New York City. He is best known for his first novel, The Divinity Student, winner of the International Horror Guild Award for Best First Novel of 1999. His novel The Great Lover was nominated for the 2011 Shirley Jackson Award for Best Novel of the Year, and declared the Best Weird Novel of 2011 by the Weird Fiction Review. He has described his work as "de-genred" fiction.

Biography
Michael Terry Cisco was born and raised in Glendale, California. His father Terry Cisco worked as an inventor and principal scientist for the Hughes Aircraft Company and his mother worked as photographer and graphic designer for Glendale Community College's Public Information Office. Cisco attended Sarah Lawrence College as an undergraduate, where he received his bachelor's degree in 1992. As part of his undergraduate studies, Cisco studied at Oxford University for one year. He obtained his master's degree from SUNY Buffalo in 1994 and both his Masters of Philosophy in 2002 and PhD in 2004 at New York University. Cisco is a professor at the City University of New York.

Novels

 * The Divinity Student (1999) ISBN 0-9652200-1-X
 * The Tyrant (2003) ISBN 1-894815-85-8
 * The Golem (2004)
 * The Traitor (2007) ISBN 0-8095-7235-4
 * The Narrator (2010) ISBN 978-0-9846037-4-9
 * The Great Lover (2011) ISBN 978-1-907681-06-6
 * Celebrant (2012) ISBN 978-1907681158
 * Member (2013) ISBN 978-1907681233
 * Animal Money (2015) ISBN 978-1621052128
 * Wretch of the Sun (2016) ISBN 978-161498-166-4
 * Unlanguage (2018) ISBN 978-1621052661
 * Ethics (2022)
 * Pest (2023)
 * Black Brane (2025)

Nonfiction

 * Weird Fiction: A Genre Study (2022)

Collections

 * The San Veneficio Canon (The Divinity Student, The Golem) (2004) ISBN 1-894815-68-8
 * Secret Hours (2007) ISBN 0-9789911-0-9
 * Antisocieties (2021) ISBN 0-5788368-8-2
 * Visiting Maze (2023) ISBN 978-1-61347-326-9

Chapbooks

 * The Knife Dance (2016)
 * Do You Mind if We Dance with Your Legs? (2020)

Translations

 * Headache by Julio Cortázar (2014)
 * The Sound of the Mill by Marcel Béalu (2014)
 * The Supper by Alfonso Reyes (2015)

Short fiction

 * Uncollected Letter (1996)
 * The Water Nymphs (1996)
 * Reliquaries (1997)
 * Translation (1998)
 * For No Eyes (1998)
 * He Will Be There (1999)
 * Herbert West--Reincarnated Part VI: The Chaos into Time (2000)
 * The Genius of Assassins (2002)
 * Clear Rice Sickness (2003)
 * Ledru's Disease (2003)
 * Noumenal Fluke (2003)
 * The House of Solemn Children (A Broken Story) (2003)
 * Zschokke's Chancres (2003)
 * The Scream (2003)
 * Reminiscences (2003)
 * The Life of Dr. Thackery T. Lambshead (1900-) (2003)
 * The City of God (2004)
 * Dr. Bondi's Methods (2007)
 * I Will Teach You (2007)
 * Ice Age of Dreams (2007)
 * The Chaos Into Time (2007)
 * The Death of Edgar Allan Poe (2007)
 * The Depredations of Mur (2007)
 * The Firebrands of Torment (2007)
 * Two Fragments (2007)
 * What He Chanced to Mould in Play (2007)
 * Machines of Concrete Light and Dark (2009)
 * Last Drink Bird Head (2009)
 * Mr. Wosslynne (2009)
 * Modern Cities Exist Only to Be Destroyed (2009)
 * Violence, Child of Trust (2010)
 * The Cadaver Is You (2011)
 * Bread and Water (2011)
 * This Is Tumor Speaking (2012)
 * The Vile Game of Gunter and Landau (2012)
 * Visiting Maze (2012)
 * The Penury (2013)
 * The Secrets of the Universe (2013)
 * Unlanguage (excerpt) (2014)
 * Learn to Kill (2014)
 * Excerpt from Unlanguage (2015)
 * Infestations (2015)
 * The Figmon (2015)
 * The Righteousness of Conical Men (2016)
 * Rock n' Roll Death Squad (2017)
 * Bet the Farm (2018)
 * Their Silent Faces (2019)
 * The Two Musics (2024)

Cisco's work can also be found in The Thackery T. Lambshead Pocket Guide to Eccentric & Discredited Diseases, Album Zutique, Leviathan III, Leviathan IV, Phantom, Lovecraft Unbound, Last Drink Bird Head, Cinnabar's Gnosis: A Homage to Gustav Meyrink, Black Wings, The Thackery T. Lambshead Cabinet of Curiosities, The Master in the Cafe Morphine:  A Homage to Mikhail Bulgakov, Blood and Other Cravings, DADAOISM, This Hermetic Legislature:  A Homage to Bruno Schulz, and The Weird.

His essay on author Sadeq Hedayat, "Eternal Recurrence in The Blind Owl," appeared in the journal, Iranian Studies Other critical articles by Cisco have appeared in The New Weird, The Encyclopedia of the Vampire, The Weird Fiction Review, and Lovecraft Studies.

Centipede Press has published a limited edition box set, composed of four novels and a collection of short fiction.

All four novels are published for the first time in individual hardcover editions. Each book features a new introduction by Jeffrey Ford (The Traitor), Rhys Hughes (The Tyrant), Joseph S. Pulver (Secret Hours), Paul G. Tremblay (The Golem) and Ann VanderMeer (The Divinity Student).

Dim Shores published the novella The Knife Dance in 2016. The project was curated by Joseph S. Pulver.

Nightscape Press released Cisco's novella, Do You Mind if We Dance with Your Legs? in 2020 for their charitable chapbook series. One-third of all physical chapbook sales benefit the Los Angeles LGBT Center.

Cisco was on the editorial board of Vastarien Literary Journal as associate editor.

Awards and nominations
The Divinity Student won the International Horror Guild Award for Best First Novel of 1999.

The Great Lover was nominated for a Shirley Jackson Award in 2012 and was declared the Best Weird Novel of 2011 by the Weird Fiction Review.

Unlanguage was nominated for Best Horror Novel by Locus Magazine in 2019.

Weird Fiction: A Genre Study was nominated for Superior Achievement in Long Fiction at the 2023 Bram Stoker Awards.

title: Michael Cisco


text: File:Little Rock Desegregation 1957.jpg

title: File:Little Rock Desegregation 1957.jpg


text:
Meterstick

A meterstick, metrestick, or yardstick is either a straightedge or foldable ruler used to measure length, and is especially common in the construction industry. They are often made of wood or plastic, and often have metal or plastic joints so that they can be folded together. Normal length of a meterstick made for the international market is either one or two meters, while a yardstick made for the U.S. market is typically one yard (3 feet or 0.9144 meters) long.

Metersticks are usually divided with lines for each millimeter (1000 per meter) and numerical markings per centimeter (100 per meter), with numbers either in centi- or millimeter. Yardsticks are most often marked with a scale in inches, but sometimes also feature marks for foot increments. Hybrid sticks with more than one measurement system also exist, most notably those which have metric measurements on one side and U.S. customary units on the other side (or both on the same side). The "tumstock" (literally "thumbstick", meaning "inch-stick") invented in 1883 by the Swedish engineer Karl-Hilmer Johansson Kollén was the first such hybrid stick, and was developed with the goal to help Sweden convert to the metric system.

Construction
Metersticks are often thin and rectangular, and made of wood or metal. Metal ones are often backed with a 'grippy' material, such as cork, to improve friction. They are relatively cheap, with most wood models costing under US$5.

Measurements
In countries in which the metric system is used, the scale typically contains only a metric scale. The scale marks every millimetre with every 5th millimetre marked by a slightly longer line. Every centimetre is marked with an even longer line and a numeric label. Every 10th centimetre is usually predominantly marked. They might be referred to as yardsticks, metersticks or "inch sticks". In the United States, the marking is usually in customary units (three feet $3 3/8$ inches with inch and fractional inch). Hybrid mesures bearing customary markings on one side and metric units on the other also exist and are sometimes referred to as yardsticks, metersticks or "meter rulers". The spelling meter vs metre varies by country.

Although not used as often, metersticks with only a metric scale can be found in the United States. For example, they are common in schools where there is a desire for students to become familiar with metric units. They may also be used in American science labs.

The folding carpenters' rulers used in Scandinavia are sometimes equipped with double measurements, metric and imperial on both sides, also functioning as a handy conversion table, accounting for its Scandinavian term: Tommestokk/tumstock (thumb (inch) stick), a term with the same meaning that is also used in Dutch: duimstok. Metric only carpenter's rulers are however common.

Application
The meterstick is usually employed for work on a medium scale; larger than desktop work on paper, yet smaller than large scale infrastructure work, where tape measures or longer measuring rods are used. Typical applications of metersticks are for building furniture, vehicles and houses. Modern carpenters' metersticks are usually made to be folded for ease of transport.

Metersticks may be used as pointing devices for posters and projections. Metersticks are also used as spars to make wings for remote controlled model aircraft that are made from corrugated plastic.

Metre sticks have also been used as a method of corporal punishment in schools in the United Kingdom used to slap the palms of students to bring them in order.

title: Meterstick