text:
Talk:List of largest photographs

Why is the London 80Gpix image included?
According to the dates given, this was made public after the Sugarloaf image, so the London image never was the biggest. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Landisorphelia (talk • contribs) 03:14, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

I think I can clear this up, I think the claim is that it is the worlds largest spherical image. It should be labeled as such GregDowning (talk) 19:59, 21 December 2010 (UTC)

Mine's bigger than yours
Now there appears to be a terapixel image available online, with dimensions of 1,029,338,906,850 pixels. See http://blogs.adobe.com/jnack/2007/05/worlds_first_te.html, although at almost 3000 GB, who'd want it on their desktop?--kwg06516 13:40, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Photos
Maybe someone can obtain the permissions to use the TNO photo on Wikipedia or something... [[User:Squash|Squash (Talk)]] 05:12, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

New World's Largest?
I heard reports that Boeing now has the world's record for the largest digital graphic in the world for their photo on the Everett's factory doors. The |Boeing Blog mentions it. I'll look around for other sources. I guess it might not be a pure photograph, seems like there was some graphics editing. Any thoughts? CoachMcGuirk 14:30, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Personal Project
I just read an article on popular science about a Graham Flint, and his project dubbed "Gigapxl". He has apparently created 4 gigapixel images using his modified U2 spy plane camera. The article can be found at this link:

http://www.popsci.com/popsci/technology/generaltechnology/43f47ce253607010vgnvcm1000004eecbccdrcrd.html

I'm not really sure how the updating of a wikipedia article works, but at least this will give someone some newer information.

Google Earth / Nasa Worldwind
Shouldn't Google Earth or Nasa Worldwind be considered "the largest photograph in the world"? I mean, they are huge mosaics of many photographs, much like that Delft one. —Preceding unsigned comment added by anonymous (talk • contribs)

 * I'm not sure about Nasa, but definitely not on Google. Go look at Chicago, IL on GE, for example.  The angles of buildings relative to the camera and their shadows change noticeably from one grid to the next, indicating multiple photographs as the source.  Really, the largest photo should arise from a single shot, which might even overrule hi-rez scans like the one I indicated above.--kwg06516 13:40, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

dimensions
1/3 length of a football field - which 'football'? US, Australian, Gaelic, Canadian or just plain football? The use of gallons is also confusing; are these US gallons or imperial gallons? Markb 14:08, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Google Earth
Could Google Earth and similar projects be considered a digital photograph? They are a kind of photostitching/mosaicing like some of the other digital entries, so should there be a mention? Blahbleh 08:51, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Google Earth
The difference in these large pictures and google earth is that these pictures are taken from a single point, right? These are terrestrial images, Googles are taken from space and the air. They are also a consistent resolution across the image. Google Earth has a variable resolution texture, high resolution in some areas and low resolution in others.

Fair use rationale for Image:Gigapixel small.jpg
Image:Gigapixel small.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 22:49, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Paris 20 gigapixel
Not yet done, but watch out if I forget: http://www.paris-20-gigapixels.com/en/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.181.237.251 (talk) 00:36, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

Modify Digital Photograph Title
The title Digital Photograph should be reconsidered. Although it was assembled digitally the "Portrait of a Coral Reef (1999)" was shot on film. Perhaps "Digitally Assembled Photograph" would be a better title.

GregDowning (talk) 00:07, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

Charles Fontayne and William Porter's 17.5 gigapixel Daguerreotypes from 1848
This Wired article claims that these 8 images are the equivalent of 140 gigapixels. It should probably be considered for the list http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/07/ff_daguerrotype_panorama/all/1

GregDowning (talk) 00:04, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

Discussion of Image Quality for World's Largest Image
We need some better standards for evaluating the world's most detailed images. There are at several examples of problems from this list of images. The previous highest resolution, "Arches 77 Gigapixels" was an error. If you look at the discussion on http://www.gigapan.org/gigapans/59267/ you will see this image was produced at many times it's native size due to a bug in Autopano. The error was acknowledged by the photographer. This should be listed at its correct resolution (19.4 GP). "Sugar Loaf 152 Gigapixels" is listed as 152 GP but if you compare it to a 5 Gigapixel image shot from the exact same spot 2 years earlier http://www.xrez.com/gallerypano/Gigapixel%20Flash/RDJ01_04_Sugarloaf_color_34w_print_4k.txt.php (my photo) you can see it offers a small improvement in detail but it is not close to the 30x improvement in detail that a 154 gigapixel image of the same quality would produce. (note the gigapan viewer zooms to a 2:1 or 3:1 pixel ratio while the flash player is set to a 1:1 ratio) This is most likely due to pixel density on the chip and optical quality. I don't know if it should be struck from the list but it points to the problem of the actual detail gained from an image which is what people are looking for in resolution.

There is a discussion of this topic by other gigapixel photographers here, http://blog.360cities.net/gigapixel-charlatans/. Ken Turkowski (computer scientist & lead engineer on QTVR) spoke about the issues of resolution at a panoramic conference in 2002 here, http://www.worldserver.com/turk/presentations/PanoRes640.QTVRSumt.021009.html He also demonstrated MatLab code that could imperially evaluate the true detail represented in an image. I think it is becoming clear that not all pixels are created equally.

Some of the claims on this page are clearly false. For instance the mosaic process for stitching overlapping images require that the photographer loose a little of the resolution on each side of the image. The typical overlap is 20%-33% overlap on each of the four sides. This means that for each image you the only part that is unique to the image is the center 1/9th to 3/5ths. If you look at the claims for the largest image, the "Shanghai 272 Gigapixel" the author claims that he shot 12,000 photographs with a Canon 7D that has an 18 megapixel sensor. Even if he had 0% overlap, which is not possible, he would still only capture 214,990,848,000 pixels, about 50 billion short of his claim. Once the overlap is added in the problem is compounded further. Many of the claims near the top of the list suffer from this problem.

There is an additional issue with the quality of the pixels captured in many of the images. Using a long focal length limits the depth of field of an image. To increase the depth of field many photographers stop down their lens to a very small aperture. The small aperture a problem with diffraction or Airy Disks especially on cameras with high pixel densities on small sensors. By using a small aperture the lens becomes "diffraction limited" and a single point is projected across several pixels reducing the effective resolution.

As this Wikipedia list is the source for media outlets, I think it is important that we more critically assess these images.

GregDowning (talk) 00:05, 2 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Good point, GregDowning. With a 100 mm diameter lens, the resolving power for visible light is diffraction-limited to 2 arcsec or 9.7 radians for a full-colour image (or 1 arcsec for only violet light), corresponding to a spot of 7.4 steradians. As a whole sphere has only 4π steradians, there can be at most 1.7 distinguishable spots, i.e. 170 gigapixels. Unless an enormous lens or specialised image processing techniques are used, claims of 200+ gigapixels should be taken with a pinch of salt... (Note that the number of spots square with lens size, so a 1 m lens can potentially give 17 terapixels.) 86.30.200.63 (talk) 23:04, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

MassiveBlack: A Large-Scale Simulation of the Early Universe 1166 Gigapixels
This should not be included in a "photograph" article. This is a 100% computer simulated image that never came from a camera or image sensor of any kind. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bpaerospace (talk • contribs) 16:12, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Queen's Jubilee Photograph
At 100m x 37m could this be the biggest print from a single photo? http://www.clickliverpool.com/news/national-news/1216297-sea-containers-house-london-jubileewrap.html DaPi (talk) 18:33, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Several sources claim its height as 70 m:    but that doesn't quite fit its apparent aspect ratio. A 37 m height would still make it larger than the Canadian Museum of Civilization print, so if noone objects, I'll replace it in a few days. Anyone got a photo? cmɢʟee☎✉  17:19, 22 June 2012 (UTC)

Gigapixel Turntables
The "multiviewpoint terapixel" image listed as the world’s largest image is using a "turntable" technology that is interactive and animates as you drag your mouse over the object. The interactivity drives a sequence of images in such a way that you feel that you are either walking around a subject or turning the subject. The basis for this technique has been around since at least the 1990s; it was a feature of the first version of QTVR and was known as an "Object Movie." There are two issues on how it is being used on the page.

 * 1) Claiming that this collection of 40 separate seamless images is a terapixel (1000 gigapixels) is not consistent with how we consider a single seamless photo a gigapixel image. All other gigapixel images on the list are a single seamless image. If we were to start considering collections of images the same category as a single seamless image we would also have to claim that a movie running at 24 fps and 2k per frame was 4 gigapixels per minute, and 272 gigapixels per hour and the longest Cinematic Movie Would be several terapixels larger.
 * 2) The image labeled "first multiviewpoint Gigapixel in the World 18 x 2,3 = 40 Gigapixel, 2011" in addition to having the same issue mentioned above may not be the first "multiviewpoint Gigapixel" turntable style image. The author has not provided a specific date in 2011 that he produced it and there was at least one other done in 2011 http://www.boeing.com/Features/2011/07/bca_737_gigaplane_07_18_11.html . It is also likely that there are many others, this has been a feature of the KR Pano Tools and Viewer for many years.

 * Agreed. The list is sorted by the pixel count of an image, not a set of images. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.115.72.225 (talk) 23:40, 15 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Seconded. I have removed the offending section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gerald Donovan (talk • contribs) 18:13, 25 January 2013 (UTC)

Again, I have had to remove the spam posted on this article by Daniel Richter. This garbage has no place here. Gerald Donovan (talk) 13:28, 26 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Out of curiosity, what's the link to that? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.24.14.97 (talk) 02:06, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

320-gigapixel London
The Register reported on this new panorama of London on 21 Feb 2013: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/02/21/bt_tower_360_panorama_london/ 86.30.200.63 (talk) 22:22, 22 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done added by another editor and by me — rybec   03:31, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

blog.360cities.net blacklisted
I wasn't able to edit the article because it contained links to a blacklisted site. To get around the problem, I did this. I posted about it at MediaWiki_talk:Spam-whitelist — rybec   02:25, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

Order of largest digital photos
"The following are the digital photographs that have held the record for being the largest in terms of pixel count, beginning with the largest in chronological order (note: large digital images out of chronological order or lacking milestone significance are moved to acknowledgment section)."

What exactly does that mean? How can it be both ordered in terms of size and chonologically? And why are there things in the acknowledgment section that DO have dates attached to them (but not nessicarily listed, on the same note, a lot of them don't have links, despite them being mentioned and linked to here on the talk page) not listed in the main section?98.24.14.97 (talk) 01:54, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on List of largest photographs. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120402112013/http://www.querdenker-gigapixel.de/eng/Staedte-Ilmenau.php to http://www.querdenker-gigapixel.de/eng/Staedte-Ilmenau.php
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050906221359/http://www.tno.nl/industrie_en_techniek/instrumentatie_voor_de_we/gigapix_nl/index.xml to http://www.tno.nl/industrie_en_techniek/instrumentatie_voor_de_we/gigapix_nl/index.xml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050214004124/http://triton.tpd.tno.nl/gigazoom/Delft2.htm to http://triton.tpd.tno.nl/gigazoom/Delft2.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:52, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

Artwork by Bettina Pousttchi
Surely Bettina Pousttchi's 2009 Echo Berlin at 11m x 20m x 57m made up of 970 sheets covering facades of a whole public building, the Temporäre Kunsthalle Berlin, would qualify as one of the largest multi sheet prints? Jamesmcardle(talk) 11:26, 19 February 2018 (UTC)

Note to self: tableify this article.
Boy howdy, does it need it. jp×g 21:41, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

Why Does People Forget A 1 Terapixel Image a 10 Terapixel night sky image and a 717 gigapixel art image
I am Ridiculously shocked why people do not want to add a forgotten Terapixel image if not a 10 Terapixel image to the site because they forget also there is an i art image of 717 gigapixel which is also forgotten 2601:CD:4101:5520:441B:2F01:E03F:F72A (talk) 00:46, 5 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I am ridiculously shocked... that you think stuff can be added to Wikipedia without referencing a reliable source. Captainllama (talk) 03:19, 6 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Here's one source: - CRGreathouse (t | c) 04:43, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of largest photographs


text:
Keystone Aircraft

Keystone Aircraft Corporation was an early American airplane manufacturer.

History
Headquartered in Bristol, Pennsylvania, the company was formed as "Ogdensburg Aeroway Corp" in 1920 by Thomas Huff and Elliot Daland, but its name was quickly changed to "Huff-Daland Aero Corp", then to "Huff-Daland Aero Company". The company made a name for itself in agricultural aircraft, and then in the United States Army Air Corps' early bomber aircraft. From 1924, James McDonnell was the chief designer.

In 1926, Huff left the company, and it was soon purchased by Hayden, Stone & Co., who increased capital to $1 million (United States) and renamed it Keystone. In 1928, it merged with Loening and was known as Keystone–Loening. In 1929, it was taken over by Curtiss-Wright. Also in 1929, the Keystone–Loening plant on the East River in New York City was closed by Curtiss-Wright and the operation was moved to the Bristol, Pennsylvania. Keystone plant. A small band of the top Loening management, design and shop workers (all New Yorkers) did not want to go to Bristol. They instead started their own aircraft company in a small rented shop in Baldwin, NY in Jan. 1930. The principal players were Leroy R. Grumman, Leon "Jake" Swirbul and William Schwendler. Grumman Aircraft went on to stellar heights with some of the best aircraft in US Navy history. Grumman also designed and built the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) that landed US astronauts on the Moon.

In 1932 the Army Air Corps issued a Circular design proposal for an advanced new heavy bomber which Ford, Martin, Boeing, Fokker, Douglas and Keystone submitted designs. The Keystone entry was for an all metal low winged monoplane bomber with retractable landing gear. The bomber would be powered by two Curtiss V-1570 geared Conqueror engines. With a crew of 5 it was armed with up to 3 x .30 caliber machine guns and could carry 2,000 lbs (907 kg) of bombs on external racks. A mock-up of the aircraft was inspected by the Air Corps in April and was withdrawn by Keystone after it was determined it could not meet the requirements. The contract was ultimately won by Martin for their Model 139, known as the B-10 Bomber. This was to be the last design submitted to the military by Keystone.

Keystone itself became a manufacturing division of Curtiss-Wright and ceased production in 1932. The former Keystone plant was purchased by Fleetwings in 1934.

Lieut. Comdr. Noel Davis and Lieut. Stanton H. Wooster were killed in their Keystone Pathfinder American Legion while conducting a test flight, just days before they were to attempt a trans-Atlantic flight for the Orteig Prize.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Keystone Aircraft


text:
Kino Lorber

Kino Lorber is an international film distribution company based in New York City. Founded in 1977, it was originally known as Kino International until it was acquired by and merged into Lorber HT Digital in 2009. It specializes in art house films, such as documentary films, classic and rarely seen films from earlier periods in the history of cinema, and world cinema. In addition to theatrical distribution, Kino Lorber releases films in the home entertainment market and has its own streaming services for its digital library.

1976–2008; Founding as Kino International
Kino Lorber was founded as Kino International in 1976 by Bill Pence, then vice president of Janus Films, and based in Colorado. It began by importing and releasing international films that may have not otherwise reached the market in the United States. The first films distributed by Kino were in association with Janus Films.

In 1977, Kino International was purchased by Donald Krim who at the time worked for United Artists as the head of the nontheatrical department. At this time, the company acquired rights to distribute theatrically films in the Janus Films library, which became the foundation for its international library of films. One of the first films imported under Krim was Ballad of Orin.

Kino International was responsible for the theatrical release of films by Charlie Chaplin beginning in 1977. The Chaplin films became the foundation of a silent film collection for Kino International including the 1927 sci-fi film Metropolis.

By 1989, American classics accounted for 80 percent of the company's distributions, with the other 20 percent made up of international films.

Since 2009; Merger with Lorber HT Digital
In 2009, Kino International was acquired by Lorber HT Digital to form Kino Lorber.

Kino Lorber launched its "Kino Lorber Studio Classics" line of films in 2014. Its licensing deal with MGM allowed them access to MGM's library of remastered and high-definition films. It released approximately 40 films by the end of 2014, including the Billy Wilder films Witness for the Prosecution and The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes.

In 2017, Kino Lorber entered into a partnership with Zeitgeist Films to co-acquire films for theatrical release and taking over home entertainment distribution of their library.

In 2019, Kino Lorber launched a digital streaming service known as "Kino Now." Described as an "arthouse iTunes," it allows the purchase and rentals of films in its distribution library.

During the COVID-19 pandemic lock-downs in 2020, Kino Lorber launched an online distribution service to stream new films in partnership with closed theaters. Known as "Kino Marquee," the service was seen as a way to help closed theaters generate revenue during the pandemic, splitting revenue equally with participating cinemas.

In 2021, Kino Lorber launched "Kino Cult," a free ad-supported streaming channel for genre films. It also entered into a distribution and acquisition agreement with Milestone Films, a New York–based film company known for restoring and distribution of American classic films.

On August 29, 2023, Kino Lorber announced via email that "Kino Cult" was being replaced by "The Midnight Picture Show," "a new free streaming service featuring more movies from the deliciously dark and devilishly bizarre side of cinema."

Business model
Kino Lorber has historically been known as a distributor of American classics and international films. When founded in 1977, American classics was 100 percent of its distribution, moving to 80/20 with international films by 1989.

Filmography
By 2023, Kino Lorber had over 4,000 titles in its curated library, including:

 * Lost Soulz (2024)
 * Neptune Frost (2022)
 * Ahed's Knee (2022)
 * Test Pattern (2021)
 * Diabolik (2021)
 * Preparations to be Together for an Unknown Period of Time (2020)
 * Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2020)
 * Babylon (1980)
 * Stretch (2014)
 * Farewell Herr Schwarz (2014)
 * The Wiggles series (2013-2018)
 * Winnebago Man (2010)
 * Loren Cass (2009)
 * Dogtooth (2009)
 * Ajami (2009)
 * Harvard Beats Yale 29-29 (2008)
 * Ballast (2008)
 * Love Comes Lately (2007)
 * Crossing the Line (2006)
 * Lady Chatterley (2006)
 * Slippin': Ten Years with the Bloods (2005)
 * Swept Away (2002)
 * Kippur (2000)
 * Fallen Angels (Re-release 2010)
 * The Cherry Orchard (1999)
 * Funny Games (1997)
 * Happy Together (1997)
 * Saint Clara (1996)
 * The Wonderful, Horrible Life of Leni Riefenstahl (1993)
 * Roxanne (1987)
 * Modern Girls (1986)
 * Scene of the Crime (1986)
 * Sacred Ground (1983)
 * The Sea Wolves (1980)
 * Avalanche Express (1979)
 * Fast Charlie... the Moonbeam Rider (1979)
 * S.O.S. Titanic (1979)
 * David (1979)
 * Across the Great Divide (1976)
 * Swept Away (1974)
 * Charley Varrick (1973)
 * Day for Night (1973)
 * Dad's Army (1971)
 * Brother John (1971)
 * Putney Swope (1969)
 * Rage (1966)
 * Kaleidoscope (1966)
 * Andrei Rublev (1966)
 * 4 for Texas (1963)
 * One, Two, Three (1961)
 * Les Bonnes Femmes (1960)
 * Last of the Comanches (1953)
 * M (1951)
 * The Reckless Moment (1949)
 * The Dark Past (1948)
 * Gunfighters (1947)
 * Conflict (1945)
 * Titanic (1943)
 * Munchhausen (1943)
 * Reefer Madness (1936)
 * The Struggle (1931)
 * M (1931)
 * The Threepenny Opera (1931)
 * Abraham Lincoln (1930)
 * Spite Marriage (1929)
 * Diary of a Lost Girl (1929)
 * The Cameraman (1928)
 * Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928)
 * Metropolis (1927)
 * The General (1926)
 * Faust (1926)
 * Seven Chances (1925)
 * The Navigator (1924)
 * Sherlock Jr. (1924)
 * The Last Laugh (1924)
 * The Hands of Orlac (1924)
 * The Thief of Bagdad (1924)
 * The Finances of the Grand Duke (1924)
 * Our Hospitality (1923)
 * Three Ages (1923)
 * Nosferatu (1922)
 * The Haunted Castle (1921)
 * The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)
 * Intolerance (1916)
 * The Birth of a Nation (1915)
 * Cabiria (1914)

title: Kino Lorber


text:
Fairmont Royal York

The Fairmont Royal York, formerly and still commonly known as the Royal York, is a large historic luxury hotel in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located along Front Street West, the hotel is situated at the southern end of the Financial District, in Downtown Toronto. The Royal York was designed by Ross and Macdonald, in association with Sproatt and Rolph, and built by the Canadian Pacific Railway company. The hotel is currently managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts.

Opened on 11 June 1929, the Châteauesque-styled building is 124 m tall, and contains 28 floors. It is considered one of Canada's grand railway hotels. After its completion, the building was briefly the tallest building in Toronto, as well as the tallest building in the country, and the British Empire, until the nearby Canadian Bank of Commerce Tower was built the following year. The building has undergone several extensive renovations since it first opened, with its first major renovation in 1972. An underground walkway linking the hotel with the Royal Bank Plaza and Union Station form part of Toronto's PATH underground city system.

Location
The Royal York Hotel sits at 100 Front Street West at the southern end of the Financial District, a business district in Downtown Toronto. The hotel property is bounded by Piper Street to the north, and York Street to the west, whereas its eastern portion is bounded by Royal Bank Plaza, an office complex that serves as the operational headquarters of the Royal Bank of Canada. Union Station, the city's main intermodal transportation hub, is located south of the hotel, across Front Street West. The Royal York was not the first hotel built on the site. The first hotel was built in 1843 and was originally known as the Ontario Terrace. It consisted of four brick houses and was later occupied by Knox College, a seminary. The former hotel was later demolished to make way for the Royal York.

Located at the southern end of the Financial District, near Bay Street, the hotel is situated within Canada's financial centre. Its southerly location within the Financial District also places the hotel near several downtown neighbourhoods. Southwest of the Financial District is the Entertainment District, whereas the neighbourhoods of St. Lawrence and South Core are located to the east, and south of the Financial District.

The hotel building forms a part of the Union Station Heritage Conservation District, a historic district surrounding Union Station. The creation of the historic district was through the Ontario Heritage Act, and was enacted by Toronto City Council in July 2006. Given its overlap with the Financial District, the historic district is an eclectic collection of buildings, with structures dating from the 1850s to the present day. Historic buildings within this district include the Dominion Public Building, and The Toronto Club.

Architecture
Shortly after acquiring the property, Canadian Pacific Hotels, a division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, announced its plan to demolish the Queen's Hotel to construct a new hotel. The building was designed by a Canadian architectural firm, Ross and Macdonald, in association with Sproatt and Rolph. Both firms had designed buildings for Canadian Pacific Hotels before the Royal York Hotel.

The building design went through several drafts before its final draft, "H plan," was adopted. The plan saw the development of a towering central element, to distinguish itself from the buildings of the nearby Eaton's Annex. The building's towering design also enabled most rooms and public spaces to face either the downtown core of the city or the Toronto waterfront and Lake Ontario. Completed in 1929, the Châteauesque-styled hotel includes a row of pointed arches on the third story and a small peaked roof with tiny dormers at the top of the pitched roof. In addition, grotesques shaped as griffins are present at various corners of the hotel. The building's exterior is made of Indiana Limestone, which encases the hotel's 28-story steel frame.

Along with traditional features found in most Chateauesque-styled hotels, the building also incorporated an Art Deco setback and Romanesque-inspired decor. The balanced design of the building (before the addition of the east wing) was achieved through the application of semi-neoclassical motifs, and groups of arcaded windows. The interior of the building was largely created in an Edwardian architectural style. Its interior features a number of crystal chandeliers, and a hand-carved wood lobby ceiling.

The building stands 124 m, containing 28 floors primarily made up of guest rooms and other hotel amenities. After the building's completion, it was briefly the tallest building in the British Empire, and Canada. The building would lose the record the following year, with the erection of the nearby Canadian Bank of Commerce Tower on King Street.

Work to enlarge the hotel commenced in 1957, and was completed in 1959. The new east wing expansion was designed by the architecture firm Ross, Patterson, Townsend, & Fish, in association with Charles B. Dolphin.

Facilities
When the Royal York first opened, the hotel included 1,048 guest rooms and suites. When the hotel first opened, it featured a telephone switchboard longer than 18 m. As of 2014, the hotel expanded the number of its guest rooms and suites to 1,363. Types of guest rooms include Signature or Luxury, along with an array of eight types of suites. In addition to lodgings, the hotel has several event spaces. The hotel features an entire floor of function rooms, primarily used for conferences. A notable room at the hotel includes the Ballroom, which features an oil-painted ceiling from the hotel's opening. The Concert Hall is another event space at the hotel that is outfitted with a Casavant Frères pipe organ. With five manuals and one-hundred-and-seven stops, it was the largest pipe organ in Canada. Another notable event space within the hotel is the Imperial Room, which was once used as a nightclub from the 1940s to the 1990s. The space featured a stage at the north end of the room, a sunken floor with tables and a dance floor in the middle, and raised booths at the other end of the room. The room is presently used as a meeting and event space, most often by the Empire Club of Canada. A number of rooms at the Royal York are also occupied by restaurants and other food-based services. The Royal York's kitchen was Canada's largest hotel kitchen when the Royal York first opened, capable of producing over 15,000 French bread rolls a day. Restaurants located within the hotel include Benihana Japanese Steakhouse, and the Library Bar, the latter also offering afternoon tea. The fourteenth floor of the Royal York houses the hotel's roof herb garden, which provides the hotel's restaurants with fresh honey, herbs, vegetable, and flowers. The roof garden was opened at the hotel on 12 June 1929. In June 2008, the hotel installed three beehives on its fourteenth floor to serve as an in-house garden for its restaurants. The apiary presently has six beehives, and a pollinator bee hotel, installed in 2014. Approximately 350,000 honey bees reside at the apiary during the summer, with the six beehives producing 205 kg of honey a year.

The hotel also operates a health club, which offers a number of amenities including an indoor pool with a skylight, a fitness centre, a whirlpool, a sauna, and steam rooms.

In 1929, a tunnel was built under Front Street West, in order to provide guests of the hotel with direct access to Union Station. The tunnel connecting the hotel to Union Station was later connected with the larger PATH underground city, a series of tunnels that connects various buildings in Downtown Toronto. In 1987, the city adopted the role of the coordinating agency for the tunnel network.

History
The Royal York Hotel was not the first hotel built on the property, with the first hotel being built in 1843, known originally as the Ontario Terrace. After the original hotel was refurbished in 1853, the building was renamed the Sword's Hotel, and then the Revere Hotel after a change in ownership in 1860. Thomas Dick bought the hotel back in 1862, renovated it again, and named it Queen's Hotel. In 1874, the Queen's Hotel was purchased by Thomas McGaw and Henry Winnett, hoteliers of Upper Canada, who also owned the Queen's Royal Hotel in Niagara on the Lake, but when McGaw died, Winnett purchased the partnership from his estate in 1919 and in 1920 formed a limited liability company of which he was president, also later acquiring McGaw's interests in their hotels. The Queen's Hotel was billed as "One of the largest and most comfortable hotels in the Dominion of Canada." After Winnett's death in 1925, his estate sold the Queen's Hotel to the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), run by then-president Sir Edward Wentworth Beatty. Later, Canadian Pacific announced its intention to demolish the Queen's Hotel to build the largest hotel in the British Commonwealth on its site.

Construction on the new hotel began in 1927 and was completed in 1929. Named the Royal York, the new hotel cost $16 million when built. The completed hotel featured over 1,000 guest rooms, each equipped with radios, private showers, and bathtubs, a library, a 12-bed hospital, and a 20.1 m telephone switchboard. The hotel also operated St. George's Golf and Country Club as the Royal York Golf Club from 1930 to 1946, when the hotel's parent company, Canadian Pacific Railway, divested itself from the golf course property.

The building was officially opened on 11 June 1929 by the Viscount Willingdon, the Governor General of Canada, in "one of the most glittering social events in Toronto's history." The Toronto Board of Trade hosted a luncheon in the hotel's banquet hall for E.W. Beatty and the board of directors of the Canadian Pacific Railway. After the luncheon, the Governor-General registered as the first guest of the hotel. During the afternoon, guides showed guests around the hotel. The day finished off with an opening ball at 9 PM (with over 2300 people attending ). Several politicians and other notable people from the US and Canada attended the opening of the hotel. The opening of the hotel was front-page news in the Montreal Gazette on 12 June 1929. The hotel had 19,800 square feet of Canadian linoleum flooring upon opening. From 1930 to 1935, a radio station operated from the hotel. Its call letters were CPRY (for "Canadian Pacific Royal York"). Broadcasting from the Imperial Room, CPRY programs were heard across the country. On 7 September 1949, the lobby of the hotel was converted into a temporary field hospital following a fire on the cruise ship SS Noronic. Docked in the Toronto harbour, the disaster on the Noronic killed 118 people.

From the 1940s to the 1990s, the hotel operated a nightclub known as the Imperial Room. It attracted top musicians and performers to the hotel from the 1940s to the 1990s, including Anne Murray, Buddy Rich, Count Basie, Doug Henning, Duke Ellington, Eartha Kitt, Ella Fitzgerald, Louis Armstrong, Marlene Dietrich, Pearl Bailey, Peggy Lee, Rich Little, Tina Turner, Tony Bennett, and Woody Herman. The Imperial Room was also where Jim Carrey made his comedic stage debut. The nightclub was later converted to an event space.

The Royal York became a centre of political controversy during the 1955 Toronto municipal election, when it was revealed that the incumbent mayor, Allan A. Lamport, had spent taxpayers' money maintaining a private suite at the hotel for private meetings and cocktail parties. Work to enlarge the hotel with a new east wing commenced in 1957 and was completed in 1959.

The hotel underwent an extensive renovation program in 1972 and 1973 to modernize its image. Called the Royal York Revelation, the program was overseen by the architects Webb Zerafa Menkes Housden (who also designed the Royal Bank plaza next to the hotel). The renovation cut a hole in the main-floor lobby for a spiral staircase, covered the marble pillars in the lobby with wood panelling, hung modern wall lamps and a chandelier, and replaced rugs with carpet. The clock standing at the centre of the spiral staircase was donated by the Canadian royal family. From 1988 until 1993, the Royal York underwent a $100-million restoration.

In 2001, the company which owns the hotel, Canadian Pacific Hotels, was reorganized into Fairmont Hotels and Resorts, adopting the name of the American company it had purchased in 1999. As a result of the company's re-brand, the Royal York was renamed the "Fairmont Royal York." In 2007 the Royal York, along with a number of other Fairmont properties, were sold to Ivanhoé Cambridge, although Fairmont continues to manage the hotel.

The official welcome and reception for the leaders of the 2010 G20 Toronto summit was held at the Royal York Hotel on 26 June 2010. Due to its usage, the hotel was included in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's designated security zones for the G20 summit. The hotel was used as a filming location for Red in 2010, standing in for a Chicago venue. On 28 October 2014, it was announced the hotel's ownership was reorganized. In a joint venture, KingSett Capital Inc. and InnVest Real Estate purchased 80 percent of the Royal York property from Ivanhoé Cambridge in 2014. As the venture's managing partner KingSett acquired a 60 percent share of the Royal York property, whereas InnVest acquired a 20 percent share of the property. Ivanhoé Cambridge maintained a 20 percent stake in the property's ownership. Following the sale of the hotel, its new owners announced a C$50-million renovation of the hotel.

Notable guests
Several notable guests have stayed at the Royal York. The hotel frequently serves as a three-to-four-month home for members of the film industry or newcomers to the adjacent financial core. The Royal York is also used as a host hotel for the Toronto International Film Festival, making it a popular residence during the film festival. Celebrity guests who have visited the hotel include Andrew Lloyd Webber, Ashley and Mary Kate Olsen, Jennifer Aniston, Jennifer Garner, Justin Bieber, Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, and Susan Sarandon. The hotel keeps records of its guests' preferences in order to best accommodate them. Employees of the hotel are forbidden from carrying cell phones, tweeting or sharing information on social media about the guests at the hotel.

A number of heads of state, diplomats, and other foreign dignitaries have also stayed at the Royal York. During the 2010 G20 Toronto summit, the hotel housed eleven heads of state and heads of government. Heads of state that have stayed at the hotel include Nicolas Sarkozy, the President of France, and Ronald Reagan, the President of the United States. Other foreign dignitaries that have stayed at the Royal York include American Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and the 14th Dalai Lama.

Royal family

As Ontario does not have a government house, the Royal York was the residence of choice for Queen Elizabeth II and other members of the Canadian royal family when in Toronto. Elizabeth first visited the Royal York Hotel during her 1951 royal tour of the country, accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh. The first members of the royal family to visit the hotel were King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, during their 1939 royal tour of Canada. Other members of the royal family that have visited the Royal York include Prince Andrew, Duke of York; Prince Charles and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex.

The Queen usually had an entire floor reserved for her and her entourage, occupying the Royal Suite herself. The floors above and below the Royal Suite are vacated two weeks prior to the Queen's arrival and remain that way until her departure. The hotel includes amenities and furnishings reserved exclusively for the royal family, including a private elevator to the Royal Suite. Furniture and hardware reserved for the royal family, including mattresses and toilets, are placed in storage when not in use.

title: Fairmont Royal York


text:
Fred Pfeil

John Frederick Pfeil (1949–2005) was an American literary critic and novelist. Pfeil (pronounced "file") was born September 21 in Port Allegany, Pennsylvania. He earned an undergraduate degree at Amherst College in 1971 and an M.A. at Stanford University in 1973. He taught at Stanford, Stephens College, Oregon State University, and Trinity College (Connecticut).

Pfeil was diagnosed with melanoma in February 2005 and died in Hartford, Connecticut on 29 November 2005.

Works

 * Goodman 2020, novel (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986)
 * Shine On and Other Stories, short stories (Amherst: Lynx House Press, 1987)
 * Another Tale to Tell: Politics and Narrative in Post-Modern Culture, nonfiction (New York: Verso, 1990)
 * What They Tell You to Forget, a novella and short stories (Wainscott: Pushcart Press, 1996)
 * White Guys: Studies in Postmodern Domination and Difference, nonfiction (New York: Verso, 1995)

title: Fred Pfeil


text:
Talk:Cartouche

Confusing line
I came across this line in the article; "The use of cartouches by prominent queens became commonplace during the New Kingdom, when it was used not only by Great Royal Wives, but by other queens as well, a cartouche is Hannah Kelly it is not clear what determined if a queen was entitled to it." However, it appears to be poorly written and slightly confusing, especially the last half of it. Not to mention I have no idea who Hannah Kelly is or why her name was stuck into the line seemingly erroneously. My guess is that it should go something like this ''The use of cartouches by prominent queens became commonplace during the New Kingdom when it was used not only by Great Royal Wives, but by other queens as well. It is not clear what determined if a queen was entitled to it.'' But that seems as though something might be missing from it. Any thoughts?98.215.128.112 (talk) 16:48, 30 December 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅ --Vollbracht (talk) 16:11, 23 December 2021 (UTC)

Demonstration of bugs in WikiHiero
— Preceding unsigned comment added by Eequor (talk • contribs)
 * What shall be shown and what doesn't work? Your first example shows up quite well if written result:
 * Now about the second: is there any example to be found in Egypt with a cartouche written in an other one? --Vollbracht (talk) 15:56, 23 December 2021 (UTC)

more other meanings
this is not a good website whenever i go on here i can NEVER find my answer SAME — Preceding unsigned comment added by H\HellNo bro (talk • contribs) 15:41, 11 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Me too! Yesterday I was looking for a cookie recipe. Didn't find it here. --Vollbracht (talk) 15:16, 23 December 2021 (UTC)

✅

A question
The first part of the article tells us that the term was first applied to the Egyptian symbol by soldiers. Assuming these are the soldiers of Napoleans foray into Egypt C. 1800 (where French soldiers common in Egypt before then?) this seems unlikely given the term's prior use in europe for a similar symbol. Coincidence or folk etymolgy? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ae7flux (talk • contribs)
 * What similar symbol? --Vollbracht (talk) 15:29, 23 December 2021 (UTC)

graces section
this stupid website dosnt say what catouches are made from!!! i need it 4 an assignment! arghhhhhh —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.241.5.103 (talk) 06:55, 23 March 2009 (UTC) Ink, paint! What are words and icons made from? The answer is clearly given on this site. --Vollbracht (talk) 15:37, 23 December 2021 (UTC) ✅

why?
Why would cartouches of Kephren and Pepi I be found in Ebla? 4.249.63.83 (talk) 23:57, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

Merge?
Should we merge this article with Cartouche (hieroglyph)? Peter Chastain (talk) 12:49, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

I support that, since this article is wholly about its occurrence in hieroglyphics. RCopple (talk) 20:13, 29 February 2012 (UTC) ✅

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Cartouche. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110615170023/http://www.sis.gov.eg/PDF/Ar/History/0809000000000000210001.pdf to http://www.sis.gov.eg/PDF/Ar/History/0809000000000000210001.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 03:21, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cartouche


text:
Shushan the Palace: Hymns of Earth

Shushan the Palace: Hymns of Earth is a 2003 album by Jane Siberry.

It is her third Christmas-themed album, following 1994's Count Your Blessings, a live concert she performed with Holly Cole, Rebecca Jenkins, Mary Margaret O'Hara and Victoria Williams, and 1997's Child: Music for the Christmas Season.

On Shushan the Palace, Siberry interprets several Christmas liturgical hymns by classical composers.

Track listing

 * 1) "How Beautiful Are the Feet" – 3:35 - George Frideric Handel/Charles Jennens
 * 2) "Sheep May Safely Graze" – 3:43 - Johann Sebastian Bach/Salomo Franck
 * 3) "A Star Shall Rise Up Out of Jacob" – 1:39 - Felix Mendelssohn/J. F. Von Bunsen
 * 4) "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth" – 6:07 - George Frideric Handel/Charles Jennens
 * "Lo, How a Rose E'er Blooming" – 4:49 - Friedrich Layritz/John C. Mattes/Krauth Spaeth
 * 1) "In the Bleak Midwinter" – 4:19 - Gustav Holst/Christina Rossetti
 * 2) "Jesus Christ the Apple Tree" – 3:05 - lyric collected by Joshua Smith, music by Elizabeth Poston
 * 3) "Break Forth, O Beauteous Heavenly Light" – 4:48 - Johann Rist/Johann Schop
 * 4) "If God Be for Us" – 4:22 - Handel/Jennens with additional lyrics by Peter Kiesewalter

title: Shushan the Palace: Hymns of Earth


text:
Schrank

The surname Schrank is an occupational surname of Germanic descent (old high German: scranc). The name origins from the word "Schranke", which old meaning is "fence". The word Schrank loosely translates to "cabinet" (e.g. Kühlschrank, compound word meaning "cold-cabinet", i.e. refrigerator) or "closet" (e.g. Wäscheschrank or linen-closet). Schränk also translates to "saw". The name "Schrank" may refer to
 * Franz von Paula Schrank (1747–1835), German botanist and entomologist
 * John Schrank (1876–1943), failed American assassin
 * Peter Schrank (born 1952), cartoonist

Other uses:
 * Schrank (shortened form of kleiderschrank), a tall wardrobe-like German chest with double doors. Often used as hope chests, these were constructed so as to partially dismantle for transport to the matrimonial home.

title: Schrank


text:
Syntagma (linguistics)

In linguistics, a syntagma is an elementary constituent segment within a text. Such a segment can be a phoneme, a word, a grammatical phrase, a sentence, or an event within a larger narrative structure, depending on the level of analysis. Syntagmatic analysis involves the study of relationships (rules of combination) among syntagmas.

At the lexical level, syntagmatic structure in a language is the combination of words according to the rules of syntax for that language. For example, English uses determiner + adjective + noun, e.g. the big house. Another language might use determiner + noun + adjective (Spanish la casa grande) and therefore have a different syntagmatic structure.

At a higher level, narrative structures feature a realistic temporal flow guided by tension and relaxation; thus, for example, events or rhetorical figures may be treated as syntagmas of epic structures.

Syntagmatic structure is often contrasted with paradigmatic structure. In semiotics, "syntagmatic analysis" is analysis of syntax or surface structure (syntagmatic structure), rather than paradigms as in paradigmatic analysis. Analysis is often achieved through commutation tests.

title: Syntagma (linguistics)


text: File:PercyWebsterTradecard.jpg

title: File:PercyWebsterTradecard.jpg


text:
Electromagnetically induced transparency

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a coherent optical nonlinearity which renders a medium transparent within a narrow spectral range around an absorption line. Extreme dispersion is also created within this transparency "window" which leads to "slow light", described below. It is in essence a quantum interference effect that permits the propagation of light through an otherwise opaque atomic medium.

Observation of EIT involves two optical fields (highly coherent light sources, such as lasers) which are tuned to interact with three quantum states of a material. The "probe" field is tuned near resonance between two of the states and measures the absorption spectrum of the transition. A much stronger "coupling" field is tuned near resonance at a different transition. If the states are selected properly, the presence of the coupling field will create a spectral "window" of transparency which will be detected by the probe. The coupling laser is sometimes referred to as the "control" or "pump", the latter in analogy to incoherent optical nonlinearities such as spectral hole burning or saturation.

EIT is based on the destructive interference of the transition probability amplitude between atomic states. Closely related to EIT are coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomena.

The quantum interference in EIT can be exploited to laser cool atomic particles, even down to the quantum mechanical ground state of motion. This was used in 2015 to directly image individual atoms trapped in an optical lattice.

Medium requirements

There are specific restrictions on the configuration of the three states. Two of the three possible transitions between the states must be "dipole allowed", i.e. the transitions can be induced by an oscillating electric field. The third transition must be "dipole forbidden." One of the three states is connected to the other two by the two optical fields. The three types of EIT schemes are differentiated by the energy differences between this state and the other two. The schemes are the ladder, vee, and lambda. Any real material system may contain many triplets of states which could theoretically support EIT, but there are several practical limitations on which levels can actually be used.

Also important are the dephasing rates of the individual states. In any real system at non-zero temperature there are processes which cause a scrambling of the phase of the quantum states. In the gas phase, this means usually collisions. In solids, dephasing is due to interaction of the electronic states with the host lattice. The dephasing of state $$|3\rangle$$ is especially important; ideally $$|3\rangle$$ should be a robust, metastable state.

Currently EIT research uses atomic systems in dilute gases, solid solutions, or more exotic states such as Bose–Einstein condensate. EIT has been demonstrated in electromechanical and optomechanical systems, where it is known as optomechanically induced transparency. Work is also being done in semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots.

Theory
EIT was first proposed theoretically by professor Jakob Khanin and graduate student Olga Kocharovskaya at Gorky State University (renamed to Nizhny Novgorod in 1990), Russia; there are now several different approaches to a theoretical treatment of EIT. One approach is to extend the density matrix treatment used to drive Rabi oscillation of a two-state, single field system. In this picture the probability amplitude for the system to transfer between states can interfere destructively, preventing absorption. In this context, "interference" refers to interference between quantum events (transitions) and not optical interference of any kind. As a specific example, consider the lambda scheme shown above. Absorption of the probe is defined by transition from $$|1\rangle$$ to $$|2\rangle$$. The fields can drive population from $$|1\rangle$$-$$|2\rangle$$ directly or from $$|1\rangle$$-$$|2\rangle$$-$$|3\rangle$$-$$|2\rangle$$. The probability amplitudes for the different paths interfere destructively. If $$|3\rangle$$ has a comparatively long lifetime, then the result will be a transparent window completely inside of the $$|1\rangle$$-$$|2\rangle$$ absorption line.

Another approach is the "dressed state" picture, wherein the system + coupling field Hamiltonian is diagonalized and the effect on the probe is calculated in the new basis. In this picture EIT resembles a combination of Autler-Townes splitting and Fano interference between the dressed states. Between the doublet peaks, in the center of the transparency window, the quantum probability amplitudes for the probe to cause a transition to either state cancel.

A polariton picture is particularly important in describing stopped light schemes. Here, the photons of the probe are coherently "transformed" into "dark state polaritons" which are excitations of the medium. These excitations exist (or can be "stored") for a length of time dependent only on the dephasing rates.

Slow light and stopped light
EIT is only one of many diverse mechanisms which can produce slow light. The Kramers–Kronig relations dictate that a change in absorption (or gain) over a narrow spectral range must be accompanied by a change in refractive index over a similarly narrow region. This rapid and positive change in refractive index produces an extremely low group velocity. The first experimental observation of the low group velocity produced by EIT was by Boller, İmamoğlu, and Harris at Stanford University in 1991 in strontium. In 1999 Lene Hau reported slowing light in a medium of ultracold sodium atoms, achieving this by using quantum interference effects responsible for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Her group performed copious research regarding EIT with Stephen E. Harris. "Using detailed numerical simulations, and analytical theory, we study properties of micro-cavities which incorporate materials that exhibit Electro-magnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) or Ultra Slow Light (USL). We find that such systems, while being miniature in size (order wavelength), and integrable, can have some outstanding properties. In particular, they could have lifetimes orders of magnitude longer than other existing systems, and could exhibit non-linear all-optical switching at single photon power levels. Potential applications include miniature atomic clocks, and all-optical quantum information processing." The current record for slow light in an EIT medium is held by Budker, Kimball, Rochester, and Yashchuk at U.C. Berkeley in 1999. Group velocities as low as 8 m/s were measured in a warm thermal rubidium vapor.

Stopped light, in the context of an EIT medium, refers to the coherent transfer of photons to the quantum system and back again. In principle, this involves switching off the coupling beam in an adiabatic fashion while the probe pulse is still inside of the EIT medium. There is experimental evidence of trapped pulses in EIT medium. Authors created a stationary light pulse inside the atomic coherent media. In 2009 researchers from Harvard University and MIT demonstrated a few-photon optical switch for quantum optics based on the slow light ideas. Lene Hau and a team from Harvard University were the first to demonstrate stopped light.

EIT cooling

EIT has been used to laser cool long strings of atoms to their motional ground state in an ion trap. To illustrate the cooling technique, consider a three level atom as shown with a ground state $$|g\rangle$$, an excited state $$|e\rangle$$, and a stable or metastable state $$|m\rangle$$ that lies in between them. The excited state $$|e\rangle$$ is dipole coupled to $$|m\rangle$$ and $$|g\rangle$$. An intense "coupling" laser drives the $$|m \rangle \rightarrow |e\rangle$$ transition at detuning $$\Delta_m$$ above resonance. Due to the quantum interference of transition amplitudes, a weaker "cooling" laser driving the $$|g \rangle \rightarrow |e\rangle$$ transition at detuning $$\Delta_g$$ above resonance sees a Fano-like feature on the absorption profile. EIT cooling is realized when $$\Delta_g = \Delta_m$$, such that the carrier transition $$|g,n \rangle \rightarrow |e, n\rangle$$ lies on the dark resonance of the Fano-like feature, where $$n$$ is used to label the quantized motional state of the atom. The Rabi frequency $$\Omega_m$$ of the coupling laser is chosen such that the $$|g,n \rangle \rightarrow |e, n-1\rangle$$ "red" sideband lies on the narrow maximum of the Fano-like feature. Conversely the $$|g,n \rangle \rightarrow |e, n+1\rangle$$ "blue" sideband lies in a region of low excitation probability, as shown in the figure below. Due to the large ratio of the excitation probabilities, the cooling limit is lowered in comparison to doppler or sideband cooling (assuming the same cooling rate).

Primary work

 * O.Kocharovskaya, Ya.I.Khanin, Sov. Phys. JETP, 63, p945 (1986)
 * K.J. Boller, A. İmamoğlu, S. E. Harris, Physical Review Letters 66, p2593 (1991)
 * Eberly, J. H., M. L. Pons, and H. R. Haq, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 56 (1994)
 * D. Budker, D. F. Kimball, S. M. Rochester, and V. V. Yashchuk, Physical Review Letters, 83, p1767 (1999)
 * Lene Vestergaard Hau, S.E. Harris, Zachary Dutton, Cyrus H. Behroozi, Nature v.397, p594 (1999)
 * D.F. Phillips, A. Fleischhauer, A. Mair, R.L. Walsworth, M.D. Lukin, Physical Review Letters 86, p783 (2001)
 * Naomi S. Ginsberg, Sean R. Garner, Lene Vestergaard Hau, Nature 445, 623 (2007)

Review

 * Harris, Steve (July, 1997). Electromagnetically Induced Transparency . Physics Today, 50 (7), pp. 36–42 (PDF Format)
 * Zachary Dutton, Naomi S. Ginsberg, Christopher Slowe, and Lene Vestergaard Hau (2004) The art of taming light: ultra-slow and stopped light. Europhysics News Vol. 35 No. 2
 * M. Fleischhauer, A. İmamoğlu, and J. P. Marangos (2005), "Electromagnetically induced transparency: Optics in Coherent Media", Reviews Modern Physics, 77, 633


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moria (StarCraft)

The result of the debate was merge/redirect [added by Andre🚐 22:46, 15 August 2022 (UTC) for afdstats]

Moria (StarCraft)
An extremely minor location in the Starcraft universe and therefore trivial fancruft. Also, and someone can correct me if I am wrong, I believe this is essentially all the information that exists on this location so that this stub does not have any potential to grow and become encyclopedic. Delete. Indrian 05:31, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. *sigh* *takes a deep breath* Are you aware that it was in Moria that James Raynor and Fenix located all the resources for the uprising of Kerrigan? Are you aware of how powerful is the colony of Moria in the Terran Confederacy? Are you aware that it was on Moria that the Argo spaceship crashed on? Are you aware that Moria is one of the original three Terran colonies? Are you aware that Moria formed part of the Kel-Morian Combine in order to supply military aid since they were the richest around the Terrans? Please, please, please, please for the love of God, Jesuschrist, Buddha, and Allah, research before even thinking about listing something on VfD. How dare do you refer to it as a minor location? How dare do you say it is *trivial* fancruft? Man, either play the game, read the books, or RTFM.   —Joseph | Talk 08:06, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Let's see, to answer your questions: no, no, no, no, and no. And do you know why most of us don't know this? Because to do so you'd have to be an obsessed fan, which basically makes this fancruft. Play the games, read the books, or even read the fucking manual, but don't pretend it's encyclopedic information. (And I always thought Larry Groznic was a fictional character.) Delete. -R. fiend 08:17, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I have never read Harry Potter and have never seen any of the movies. However, I do know that Harry is an orphan. Wanna know how do I know it? Wikipedia. According to you we should delete Harry Potter also since I don't know about it and to know about him you have to be a fan. Your logic has failed, miserably.   —Joseph | Talk 02:27, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * You needn't be an obsessed fanatic to know Harry Potter is an orphan. Harry Potter is substantially more notable than a planet in the Starcraft universe, even (if you can believe it) one that " the Argo spaceship crashed on". As for minute details on the Harry Potter books, well, they should probably meet much the same fate as Moria (Starcraft). -R. fiend 05:06, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. And if you want me to change my vote, bringing this article up to encyclopedic standards is more likely to do it than berating people for not being experts on a particular fictional universe. JRM 13:44, 2004 Dec 5 (UTC)
 * Merge with StarCraft if it is considered significant (it doesn't seem to be mentioned at all in the main article, which is odd if it's really that significant). Delete anyhow. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 14:46, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: If you care about this, you're playing the game.  If you're playing the game, you can RTFM.  If you can RTFM, you're not looking for an encyclopedia to tell you the same thing.  Foghat. Geogre 15:09, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ahh, you see, the problem is that I'm not playing the game, but rather reading the books. =) From now on, lets delete everything told in books and written in Wikipedia also, right?   —Joseph | Talk 02:27, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * If this should be kept it should be merged with Koprulu Sector which isn't as much fancruft as this. No reason to give planets in that sector separate articles. Jeltz 18:07, 2004 Dec 5 (UTC)
 * Merge, else Delete. Wiki is not a gaming manual. Wyss 19:19, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Lore/story is different from a gaming manual sir!   —Joseph | Talk 02:27, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/Delete. Andre ( talk )A| 20:07, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * A short article that could perhaps be properly merged somewhere. I don't know enough to say where. If not merged, keep it. Also keep if significantly expanded in the next few days. Everyking 20:42, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. -Sean Curtin 23:20, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 01:46, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. StarCraft fancruft. — A.M. 03:09, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with Starcruft or something. It's not like it will take up a lot of space. 66.81.67.81 04:35, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC) EDIT this was me, was logged out for some reason. Apologies Sabine's Sunbird 04:36, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I want to say merge, but it's going to have to be Delete. There's far too much StarCruft kicking around (Zerg belongs on GameFAQs, not Wikipedia), and since past experience (see List of Warcraft characters, and Sylvanas Windrunner in particular) has shown that User:Joseph Dwayne will simply ignore and revert any merge consensus, let's just lose the information altogether. Then when Joseph recreates it we can speedy it out. I don't mean for this to be a personal vendetta against Joseph, but I just don't see the need for this volume of defence for something of interest only to the hardest of the hardcore. Hell, I play StarCraft, and I don't need to know anything as trivial as this entry. Kinitawowi 10:55, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * You mean to say all this tosh is about a bloody game? I assumed it had to be one of those ultra-long sub-Tolkien novels where the elves all have laser pistols. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 11:44, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Merge. Then delete without redirection.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:48, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If you don't hear about things from a series outside of people who are serious fans of the series, then they're generally not notable. --Improv 20:10, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If people know everything, they generally don't need an encyclopedia. I'm torn between merge and keep, but my vote is keep.  There is no namespace conflict here and the article has room for expansion.  I've asked Joseph to expand the article, since he seems to know so much on the topic.  Remember, fiction is valid.  --L33tminion | (talk) 18:59, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect - LiquidXY 14:52, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to StarCraft universe
 * Above vote from User:Pedant at 00:02 on Dec 11th. Kinitawowi 23:27, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Above vote invalid since not signed. Alphax (talk) 09:52, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect to StarCraft universe]. Alphax (talk) 09:52, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:NickBarlow

I'll write more about me later, but you can always visit my website if you're bored.

Pages I've added to: Mars Trilogy Bob Russell Matthew Sweet Spooks Shameless Koschei Andrew Strauss Marcus Trescothick English cricket team The Long Walk Alec Stewart Google bomb and quite a few minor edits.

I created Bob Russell (The West Wing) to distinguish between the real and fictional politicians.

title: User:NickBarlow


text:
¡Mucha Lucha!

¡Mucha Lucha! (subtitled Gigante during its third and final season) is an American animated television series that aired on Kids' WB from August 17, 2002, to February 26, 2005. It was created by Eddie Mort and Lili Chin and produced by Warner Bros. Animation. It is the first animated television series intended for children created with Macromedia Flash, a program which became widely used as a medium for animation in the years.

On January 4, 2005, the direct-to-video feature film ¡Mucha Lucha!: The Return of El Maléfico was based on the series.

Premise
The show is set in Luchaville, a fictional town in Southern California centered on lucha libre where nearly everyone in that town wears a costume (they are never seen without their mask) and has a well-known wrestling move. These wrestling moves being capable of transforming the character in relation to the naming of the move. The series mainly centers on three friends, Rikochet, Buena Girl, and the Flea, as they struggle through the Foremost World-Renowned International School of Lucha, where they study.

Characters

 * Rikochet (voiced by Carlos Alazraqui and Jason Marsden)– A young wrestler who is the protagonist. He considers himself the bravest of the group, but sometimes leaps before he finds.
 * Buena Girl (Kimberly Brooks)– A smart, young female wrestler who always plays by the rules. She can also be very arrogant and obnoxious at times.
 * The Flea (voiced by Candi Milo)– A friend of Rikochet and Buena Girl who is always dirty and refers to himself in the third person. As well as having a few disgusting habits, he is also the most nervous but often proves to be a useful ally.
 * El Rey (voiced by Michael Donovan)– An action figure which represents Rikochet's conscience. He carries him in a backpack, but he can move and talk on his own as if he were alive. It is stated that this action figure is just part of a large merchandising euphoria related to a supreme undefeated Mexican wrestler with the same name (an allusion to Santo). Alongside the series, several other El Rey toys appear and often causes trouble with Rikochet.

Production
¡Mucha Lucha! ran into a problem when initially pitched to Kids' WB as they wouldn't want actual wrestling seen on screen due to seeming violent. Lili Chin would have to draw visual guides to show that actual wrestling was more choreography than harmful acts of violence.

Licensed music

 * Café Quijano - Desde Brasil
 * Los Miserables - Punk Rock Y Subversion
 * Celso Piña - Cumbia Poder
 * Tito Nieves - Shut Up
 * Frankie Negron - So Wonderful
 * Plastiko - Esfera De Cristal
 * Pesado - Entre Mi Corazón Tu Y Yo
 * El Tri - Nosotros Los Latinos
 * SNZ - Me Protejo
 * Bacilos - Bésela Ya
 * Charlie Cruz - Un Chin Chin
 * Volumen Cero - Hollywood
 * Los Lobos - Good morning aztlán

Broadcast
The show was also seen on Kids' WB in the United States, Teletoon in Canada, CITV and Kix in the United Kingdom, and Canal 5 in Mexico from August 17, 2002, until February 26, 2005. It also premiered on Cartoon Network internationally in 2003, and in U.S in 2004. In March 2007, the show began its first rerun on Miguzi, and was later replaced with Ben 10 for the last slot before Miguzi was shut down in the same year. The final rerun of the show lasted from 2008 to 2009, and it was removed from the lineup in 2010.

Home media
In Region 1, Warner Home Video has released one compilation on DVD and VHS that contained the first six segment-episodes from season one, titled Heart of Lucha, on August 23, 2003. The direct-to-video movie The Return of El Maléfico, was released on October 5, 2004, exclusively at Walmart, while other retailers released it on January 4, 2005, during the third and final season.

In 2019, ¡Mucha Lucha! was available remastered for the first time in High Definition for home viewers and became available on demand through Amazon Prime.

In 2022, The show became available for streaming on HBO Max in Latin American countries, also using the High Definition remasters.

Merchandise
A toy line based on the show was released by Jakks Pacific in 2004. In this toy line included "Mix-a-Lot" action figures; these had removable body parts that could be placed on the bodies of other action figures in the series. "Signature Move" action figures were also put out, along with a toy wrestling ring. However, the second series of the toy line was canceled.

During the summer of 2003, DC Comics published a three-issue mini-series of comic books based on ¡Mucha Lucha! All three of the stories featured in these comic books were written by Eddie Mort, and have even been occasionally referenced in the TV series.

 * 1) El Rey, Come Home!
 * 2) It's All Buena!
 * 3) Limbo of the Lost Luchadores!

The show was licensed for a Game Boy Advance video game, Mascaritas of the Lost Code, in late 2003; a PlayStation 2 video game, Mysterioso Grande, was slated for release, but was cancelled around 2004 as the creators could not find a publisher.

In the year 2005 the Mexican snack company Sabritas distributed promotional items in the form of tazos with a picture of various characters from the show. Totaling in 230 pogs, they were sold in two separate series. The first series was referred to as the "classic" series, while the second series was referred to as the "rematch" series.

Proposed revival
In 2014, a revival called ''¡Mucha Lucha! Para Siempre'' was proposed which would have centered on Rikochet, Buena Girl, and the Flea as teenagers. Rikochet would return home after time away with his uncle with a sense of purposelessness. Due to losing his honor as a wrestler 5 years ago to another wrestler named Guillermo El Toro. He would he find a new found sense of purpose after hearing from the tv that Guillermo El Toro would be fighting Buena Girl. Rikochet would then reconnect with The Flea and Buena girl and have a rematch With Guillermo El Toro to reclaim his honor.

title: ¡Mucha Lucha!


text:
Talk:Dominique Jean Larrey

Untitled
Is there any more detail available about this person? If not, maybe it might be better to redirect to Triage Joyous 05:40, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Article has been expanded, but makes no mention of triage - was Larrey the individual responsible for this system? Drutt 18:08, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

 * This should be as detailed an article as any on Wikipedia. Add and feature. A remarkable person. 41.241.23.113 (talk) 19:59, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

Goodness, the reference section is now longer than the article.Drutt (talk) 20:39, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I've put the references in a scroll-box. Drutt (talk) 21:55, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

Misidentification of Photograph
The second graphic, beneath the portrait of Dominique Jean Larrey is misidentified. The photograph is of his son, Hipolyte Larrey, although it bears his father's signature. The source of the photograph is the online collection of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). I contacted the NLM and after a couple of emails, they figured out that theirs was also misidentified. They have corrected the identification of the photograph (B016992). It is now identified as Hippolyte Larrey. I you open the link back to the photograph at NLM, it now says that the photograph is of Hippolyte Larrey. How do we go about either editing the identification of the photograph on the article or removing it?Med.history.buff (talk) 16:44, 19 March 2013 (UTC) Med.history.buff (talk) 16:44, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Dominique Jean Larrey. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080514091424/http://www.napoleonic-literature.com/Flying_Ambulance.htm to http://napoleonic-literature.com/Flying_Ambulance.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:12, 1 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dominique Jean Larrey


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/StarCraft universe

StarCraft universe was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep
 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

StarCraft universe
Virtually every bit of information on this page already exists in the article on Starcraft itself; therefore this is redundant. Delete. Indrian 05:41, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. Err, that's because the information on the StarCraft article under the "Story" section should go here instead of on the Starcraft article. The StarCraft article should be more about the game, while this one focuses more on the lore. By the way, are you aware of how does the different articles about fictional universes work? Could you please add the tag +VfD to the edit summary when you are VfD'ing an article?   —Joseph | Talk 08:32, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect. Merge any useful information that isn't already duplicated with StarCraft. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 14:49, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, no reason necessary. It's depressing that there's a 'Wing Commander' fictional universe on Wikipedia as well, especially given that 'Wing Commander' is now ancient, irrelevant history. Twenty years from now a small Palestinian boy will be reading Wikipedia, and will wonder why people bothered with such trivial nonsense. This might seem a bit harsh, but it's freezing cold where I am and somebody across the street is drilling some wood and it angers me. -Ashley Pomeroy 15:16, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. Errr... Yes, thanks for that. Will somebody please think of the children?! As an aside, what is The Quatrain of Seven Steps? A) Factual, neutral information on an ancient work of Chinese fiction; B) Fancruft about Chinese doggerel on bean soup, wholly uninteresting to small Palestinian boys? JRM 17:47, 2004 Dec 5 (UTC)
 * I do not see anyone on this page saying that Starcraft should not have a page, so your analogy does not apply. Indrian 18:15, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, lets delete all the Pokemon articles also since 100 years from now on they will be trivial! Please? Are you aware of how many StarCraft copies have been sold? Are you aware of how many people play StarCraft daily? Are you aware of how many fan stories have been written about StarCraft? Time to break the bubble dude!   —Joseph | Talk 02:20, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Look at the discussion page. People are serious about this. That others don't like it and don't want it to appear in their encyclopedia is noted, and we look forward to their contributions as well. And what Joseph said, but minus the inhospitable tone. How about giving people a chance to properly factor out information before declaring them contributa non grata? JRM 17:47, 2004 Dec 5 (UTC)
 * Check the discussion page again, every entry on that page was made in August as was every change to the main article. It is now December, four months later and nothing has happened.  The article is now on VFD.  If these people care enough about the article they weill reshape it in a way that makes it acceptable, and the article will survive the VFD process.  You can feel free to do this yourself if you like as well.  I have no particular axe to grind against Starcraft, which is a game I quite like, just with redundant articles that provide no particular insight into anything. Indrian 18:19, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * You can feel free to do this yourself if you like as well. Yes, and so can you. But you don't care so much that you would do more than vote Delete, and I don't care so much that I would do more than vote Keep, so it all evens out in the end. Despite what we would all like, this is still Votes for Deletion, not Encouragement for Work. And I'm sounding terribly jaded and unproductive right now, so I'm going to do something constructive elsewhere. No bad feelings, and happy editing. JRM 19:20, 2004 Dec 5 (UTC)
 * So now everything that is not acceptable to you should be deleted? Oh dear... dead to stubs, they are so evil!   —Joseph | Talk 02:20, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge, else Delete. Wiki is not a gaming manual. Really. Wyss 19:18, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The purpose of the StarCraft universe article is not about gaming, but rather about the lore/story behind StarCraft.   —Joseph | Talk 02:20, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/Delete. Andre ( talk )A| 20:07, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Apparently the people who work on these topics have decided there is a need for this, and I couldn't contradict them if that's what they think. They must know better than I do. Everyking 20:39, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I really did expect there to be more (ie any) content to the article, given how vitriolic some of its defenders are being. There's hardly anything there, though.  Merge and redirect into StarCraft.  -Sean Curtin 23:23, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * That's because people have been adding the info to the StarCraft article rather than in here. StarCraft article should be = to the StarCraft game (the original game). StarCraft universe should be = lore/story. Capisce now sir? I simply do not have the time nor the desire right now to do the moves. It would be nice if you would do it for us instead of criticizing it.   —Joseph | Talk 02:20, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Joseph, please stay civil. Being condescending to people isn't helping. Assume good faith, and assume people are voting on what they genuinely feel is best for Wikipedia, even if you might not agree with their opinions. JRM 03:01, 2004 Dec 6 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 01:46, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, this actually does have potential to become an article on its own, even if it needs filling out. Merging at this point would seem to be unhelpful to me. Shane King 03:56, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. JRM and Joseph both make excellent points above, but they've fallen on deaf ears. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:20, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep I agree with Joseph's point - the orginal game should have a seperate article to the in-depth story surrounding it - LiquidXY 15:02, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep but break out the info on StarCraft universe from StarCraft, so that one story is about the game and one is about the lore. And you StarCraft folk get together on this and get your articles straight because sure as heck I'm not going to be of any help in writing the articles. Pedant 23:05, 2004 Dec 10 (UTC)
 * keep, I agree with Pedant, --Aaron Einstein 04:19, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Cedar Hill

Cedar Hill may refer to:

Canada

 * Cedar Hill, a previous name of Mount Douglas, Saanich, Greater Victoria, British Columbia
 * Cedarhill Estate, Nepean, Ottawa, Ontario

Populated places

 * Cedar Hill (New Haven), Connecticut, a neighborhood
 * Saint Benedict, Louisiana (also Cedar Hill), an unincorporated community
 * Cedar Hill, Missouri
 * Cedar Hill, North Carolina, an unincorporated community
 * Cedar Hill, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Cedar Hill, Tennessee
 * Cedar Hill, Texas
 * Cedar Hill, Frederick County, Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Cedar Hill, Virginia (Pittsylvania County), an unincorporated community

Other

 * Cedar Hill (Barstow, Maryland), a house listed on the NRHP
 * Cedar Hill (Westover, Maryland), a house listed on the NRHP
 * Cedar Hill (Central Park), a hill in Central Park, New York City
 * Cedar Hill (Warwick, Rhode Island), a historic summer estate
 * Cedar Hill (Buena Vista, Virginia), a house and farm listed on the NRHP
 * Cedar Hill, Anacostia, Washington, D.C., now known as Frederick Douglass National Historic Site
 * Cedar Hill Yard, a railroad yard in the Cedar Hill neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut

title: Cedar Hill


text:
MBF

MBF may refer to:
 * MBF, an Australian health insurance provider now merged with Bupa
 * Marine's Best Friend, a Doom source port based on Boom
 * One thousand board feet, a measurement in common use in the North American lumber industry
 * Microsoft Binary Format, a floating point number format
 * MBF Bioscience, a bioscience research software development company
 * Minimum breaking force, a measurement for ropestrengths in kilonewtons (kN)
 * Master of Banking and Finance
 * Militärbefehlshaber in Frankreich (English: German Military Command in France), which administered Occupied France during World War II

title: MBF


text:
Cedarville

Cedarville may refer to:

Places

 * United States
 * Cedarville, Arkansas
 * Cedarville, California
 * Cedarville, Illinois
 * Cedarville, Indiana
 * Cedarville, Kentucky
 * Cedarville, Maryland
 * Cedarville, Massachusetts
 * Cedarville, Michigan
 * Cedarville, Missouri
 * Cedarville, New Jersey
 * Cedarville, New York
 * Cedarville, Ohio
 * Cedarville University
 * Cedarville, Pennsylvania
 * Cedarville Township, Michigan
 * Cedarville Township, Greene County, Ohio
 * Cedarville, Stevens County, Washington
 * Cedarville, Whatcom County, Washington
 * Cedarville, West Virginia
 * Cedarville, Wisconsin

 * Canada
 * Cedarville, Grey County, Ontario
 * Cedarville, Simcoe County, Ontario

 * South Africa
 * Cedarville, Eastern Cape

Other uses

 * SS Cedarville, a lake freighter that sank in 1965 in the U.S./Canadian Great Lakes

title: Cedarville


text: User talk:68.166.35.2

title: User talk:68.166.35.2