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Ratan Parimoo

Ratan Parimoo is an Indian art historian from Kashmir, who has worked as an art educator, pedagogue, artist and former director of the Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum, Ahmedabad. Ratan Parimoo was one of the founder members of Baroda Group.

He publishes on the arts of Ajanta, Ellora, Jain, Rajasthani, Pahari and Mughal paintings and drawings. He authored Art of Three Tagores- From Revival to Modernity.

Books Authored

 * 1) Paintings of the three Tagores, Abanindranath, Gaganendranath, Rabindranath – Chronology and Comparative Study (PhD Thesis), MS University of Baroda, Vadodara,1973.
 * 2) Studies in Modern Indian Art, Kanak Publications-Books India, New Delhi, 1975.
 * 3) Life of Buddha in Indian Sculpture, Kanak Publications, New Delhi, 1982. Enlarged edition, DK Printworld, Delhi, 2009.
 * 4) Sculptures of Sheshashayi Vishnu, MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, 1983.
 * 5) The Pictorial World of Gaganendranath Tagore, National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi, 1995.
 * 6) Studies in Indian Sculptures, Essays in New Art History, Books & Books, New Delhi, 2000.
 * 7) Studies on the Art of Raja Ravi Varma, Thrissur (Kerala), 2006.
 * 8) NC Mehta Collection Vol I, Gujarati School and Jaina Manuscript Paintings, Ahmedabad, 2010.
 * 9) The Art of Three Tagores, From Revival to Modernity, Kumar Gallery, New Delhi, 2011.
 * 10) NC Mehta Collection Vol II, Rajasthani, Central Indian, Pahari and Mughal Paintings, Ahmedabad, 2013
 * 11) Treasures from the Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Museum], Ahmedabad, 2013.
 * 12) Gaganendranath Tagore, A Retrospective, an Exhibition Catalogue, Victoria Memorial Hall in collaboration with Rabindra Bharati Society, Kolkata, 2014.
 * 13) From the Earthly World to the Realm of Gods, Kasturbhai Lalbhai Collection of Indian Drawings. Ahmedabad, 2019.

Books Edited

 * 1) (ed) Proceedings of Workshop in History of Art, 1977, published on behalf of University Grant Commission, New Delhi, by MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, 1979.
 * 2) (ed) Vaiṣhnavism in Indian Art and Culture, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1987.
 * 3) (ed) Ellora Caves – Sculptures and Architecture, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1988.
 * 4) (ed) The Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore, Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi, 1989. Revised edition, Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi, 2008.
 * 5) (ed) The Arts of Ajanta – New Perspectives, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1991.
 * 6) (ed) Creative Arts in Modern India, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1995.
 * 7) (ed) The Legacy of Raja Ravi Varma – The Painter, Maharaja Fatehsingh Museum Trust, Baroda, 1998.
 * 8) (edited along with Sandip Sarkar) Historical Development of Contemporary Indian Art 1800 – 1947, Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi, 2009.
 * 9) (ed) Ellora Caves – Sculptures and Architecture, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1988. Revised edition, Aparant Books, Pune, 2018.
 * 10) (Author) Shridhar Andhare, (ed) Ratan Parimoo, Calligraphy and Art of Writing in Jain Manuscripts, Ahmedabad, 2020.

Felicitations Published in His Honour

 * 1) Towards a New Art History: Studies in Indian Art, Essays in Honour of Prof Ratan Parimoo, (ed) Shivaji Panikkar, Parul Dave Mukherji, et al, DK Printworld, New Delhi, 2003.
 * 2) RATNA DiPAh, New Dimensions of Indian Art History & Theory, Essays in Honour of Prof Ratan Parimoo, (ed) Gauri Parimoo Krishnan, RH Kulkarni, Agam Kala Prakashan, 2021.

Journals

 * 1) ‘The Technique and the Preservation of Indian Miniature Paintings’. Thesis submitted for the Diploma in Museology Examination in 1957. Synopsis published in the Indian Museums Journal, 1959.
 * 2) ‘Paintings in Rajasthan’, Information Magazine, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, December 1964.
 * 3) ‘Words and Paint’, Design Magazine, December 1964, Bombay (Manifesto as Painter).
 * 4) ‘Recent Paintings of Shanti Dave: Homage to the Wall’ – essay in the catalogue of the artist’s exhibition held in March 1965, New Delhi.
 * 5) ‘Baroda Painters and Sculptors’, Lalit Kala Contemporary, No 4, New Delhi, April 1966.
 * 6) ‘Revivalism and After, an Aesthetic Controversy in 20th Century, Indian Aesthetics and Art Activity’, (editors) Mulk Raj Anand and Niharranjan Ray, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, 1968.
 * 7) ‘Aims and Methodology of Teaching Art History in Art Schools’, Proceedings of the Seminar on Art and Craft in Teacher Education, (ed) KS Kulkarni, Jamia Millia, Delhi, 1968.
 * 8) ‘Paintings of Gaganendranath Tagore (in Gujarati)’, Kumar, Ahmedabad, February 1968.
 * 9) ‘Notes on Young Baroda Sculptors’, Lalit Kala Contemporary, No 10, September 1969.
 * 10) ‘Graphic Art in Western India’, A Report, Lalit Kala Contemporary, No 11, 1970.
 * 11) ‘Evolution of Indian painting since 1850’, Times of India, 20 June 1971.
 * 12) ‘The Chronology of the Paintings of Gaganendranath Tagore’ in Chhavi – Golden Jubilee Volume, (ed) Anand Krishna, Bharat Kala Bhavan, Banaras Hindu University, 1972.
 * 13) ‘Cubism, World Art and Indian Art’, Paper read on the Seminar arranged by the Lalit Kala Akademi on the occasion of the 1st Indian Triennial, February 1968, Roopa Lekha, New Delhi, 1972, Times of India, 23 July 1972.
 * 14) ‘Modern Trends in Indian Sculpture’, Times of India, 2 September 1972, full version titled: ‘Modern Movement in Indian Sculpture’ in Art Since the 1940s – A Quest for Identity, Madras, 1974.
 * 15) ‘A New Set of Rajasthani Paintings’, Lalit Kala, No 17, New Delhi, 1974.
 * 16) ‘Kitch, Vulgarization of Art’, Times of India, 16 Nov 1975.
 * 17) ‘Elephanta in the Context of Evolution and Significance of Saiva Sculpture’, Journal of Oriental Institute, Baroda, March 1977; Also, in reprint of Shastri, Guide to Elephanta by Kanak Publications-Books India, New Delhi, 1978.
 * 18) ‘New Sculpture from Baroda’, Lalit Kala Contemporary, No 28, New Delhi, 1979.
 * 19) ‘The Problem of the Popular Mughal Style: Some Fresh Considerations in the Context of Kankroli Paintings’, in Proceedings of Workshop in History of Art, (ed) Ratan Parimoo, Baroda, 1979.
 * 20) ‘Indigenous Culture and the function of Art Educator’, in Arts in Cultural Diversity, Sydney, Australia, 1979.
 * 21) ‘Myself, My Art and Indian Art’, Artrends, Vol XV, Nos 3 & 4, July 1980 & October 1980, Vol XVI, Nos 1 & 2, January 1981 & April 1981, Cholamandal Artists Village, Madras.
 * 22) ‘Dated Ragamala from Radhanpur (Mesakarna and Muftahusarur)’, Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol XXX, Nos 3-4, March-June 1981.
 * 23) ‘Ashta-Maha-Pratiharya Prastar, Ek Mūrti Vishyak Adhyayan’, Kala Traimasika, Lucknow, September 1981.
 * 24) ‘Buddha’s Birth Scenes’, Rangavali, S R Rao, Felicitation Volume, New Delhi, 1982.
 * 25) ‘The Idea of Form, Style and Development in Indian Sculpture’, S K Saraswati Memorial Volume, (ed) Jayant Chakravarti, New Delhi, 1982.
 * 26) ‘Mahaparinirvana of Buddha in Indian Sculpture’, Dinesh-Chandrika, D C Sircar Felicitation Volume, (ed) B N Mukherjee et al, New Delhi, 1982.
 * 27) ‘More Paintings from the Devgarh Thikana’, Lalit Kala, 20, 1982.
 * 28) ‘Dr Goetz on Indian Paintings’, Baroda Museum Bulletin, Vol XXVIII, 1982.
 * 29) ‘Obituary of Shri Sivaramamurti’, Journal of the Oriental Institute, Jan-March 1983.
 * 30) ‘Kaliya Daman in South India Sculpture’, Shrinidhih: Srinivasan Festschrift Volume, (ed) KV Raman et al, Madras, 1983.
 * 31) ‘Jagannath Dvara Chitrit Bihari Sat Sai’, Kala Traimasika, March-May 1983.
 * 32) ‘Paintings, of Nandalal Bose, Style and the Phases’, Nandan, Shantiniketan, 1983.
 * 33) ‘Coomaraswamy and India Art History’, Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol 32, Nos. 1-4, September-June 1982-83, Another version, Paroksha, Coomaraswamy Centenary Seminar Papers, (editors Gulam Sheikh et al), New Delhi 1984.
 * 34) ‘Traditional Paintings in Gujarat’, Gazetteer of Gujarat, Ahmedabad.
 * 35) ‘The Influence of Indigenous Factors in Contemporary Indian Art’, Silver Jubilee Volume, Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi.
 * 36) ‘Picture Puzzles of Bihari Sat Sai, Painted by Jagannath’, Indian Magazine, Vol 4, No 7, 24 June 1984.
 * 37) ‘She Sculpts with Words’, Review Article on ‘Selected Writings of Stella Kramrisch’, in Times of India, 24 June 1984.
 * 38) ‘Paintings and Sketches of Nandanlal Bose’, Marg, Vol XXXV, No 2, 1984.
 * 39) ‘Sculpture of Sheshashayi Vishnu, Some Iconological Problems in Indian Studies’ – Essays presented in Memory of Prof Niharranjan Ray, (ed) Amita Ray, et al, Delhi 1984.
 * 40) ‘Revival of Indigenous Values and their Influence on Modern Indian Art’, Journal of MS University, Baroda, Vol XXXIII, No 1, 1984-85.
 * 41) ‘Naran Murtzagar, The Maker of Images’, The India Magazine, Vol 5, No11, October 1985.
 * 42) ‘Vishnu’s Weapons and their Representation in Indian Art’, Kala Kshetra, Madras, 1986.
 * 43) ‘On the Sculptures from Ellora Caves and the Problems of Deccan School’, Smt Pupul Jaykar Felicitation Volume, (ed) Lokesh Chandra and Jyotindra Jain, New Delhi, 1986.
 * 44) ‘Putana in Indian Art’, Shivaramamurti Memorial Volume, Kusumanjali, (ed) MS Nagaraja Rao, New Delhi, 1987.
 * 45) ‘Kaliya Daman in Indian Paintings’, K D Bajpai Felicitation Volume, (ed) R K Sharma et al, New Delhi, 1987.
 * 46) ‘Some Thoughts on Vishvarupa Vishnu’, in Vaisnavism in Indian Art and Culture, (ed) Ratan Parimoo, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1987.
 * 47) ‘Influence of Henry Moore on Modern Indian Sculpture’, Times of India, Ahmedabad, 17 November 1987.
 * 48) ‘Bibliography of Research Publications of Dr UP Shah’, Journal of Oriental Institute, Baroda, Vol 37, No 1-4, 1987-88.
 * 49) ‘Dr UP Shah – In Appreciation’, Ibid.
 * 50) ‘Some Problems of Ellora from the Point of View of the Buddhist Caves’, Ellora Caves: Sculptures and Architecture, (ed) Ratan Parimoo, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1988.
 * 51) ‘The Monumental Art of Balbir Singh Katt’, Kala Darshan, Vol 1, No 3, New Delhi, 1988.
 * 52) ‘The Aihole Sub Style of Chalukyan Sculptures’, in New Trends in Indian Art and Archaeology, S R Rao’s 70th Birthday Felicitation Volume, (editors) Nayak and Ghosh, Delhi, 1989.
 * 53) ‘Krishna Lila in Sculptural Reliefs and Temples’, Ajaya Mitra Shastri Volume, (ed) Devendra Handa, New Delhi, 1989.
 * 54) ‘Vidhura Pandita Jataka, from Barhut to Ajanta: A Study on Narrativity, Semiology and Stylistic Aspects’, Dr. Debala Mitra Felicitation Volume, (ed) Gouriswar Bhattacharya, New Delhi, 1991; Also, in the Art of Ajanta, (ed) Ratan Parimoo, Books & Books, New Delhi, 1989.
 * 55) ‘Inscriptions Related to Ajanta’, Essays on Ideology, Polity and Administration, In Honour of R K Trivedi, (ed) S D Trivedi, Delhi, 1989.
 * 56) ‘Some Aspects of the Decorative Repertoire of Gujarat Temple Architecture’, in Proceedings of the Seminar on Decorative Arts of India, Salargunj Museum, Hyderabad, 1989.
 * 57) ‘Semiotic Analysis of Damul’, New Quest, Pune, No 57, 1989.
 * 58) ‘The Sculptural Journey of Mahendra Pandya’, Arts and Crafts, New Delhi, 1989.
 * 59) ‘Eight Baroda Artists – In Search of a Personal Image’, CMC Gallery, Delhi, 1990.
 * 60) ‘Modern Movement in Indian Sculpture’, Kalavrit, Jaipur, 1990.
 * 61) ‘A Nineteenth Century Wood Block Painted Scroll’, The Indian Magazine, New Delhi, 1990.
 * 62) ‘The Myth of Gupta Classicism and the Concept of Regional Genres, (Seminar on ‘Historiography of Indian Art’)’, New Quest, Pune, Nov- Dec 1990, Jan - Feb 1991.
 * 63) ‘Khajuraho – the Chandella Sculptor’s Paradise: Is there Chandella Style of Medieval Indian Sculpture? Its Sources and Characteristics’, in Margabandhu, (ed), Indian Archaeological Heritage, K V Soundararajan Volume, Delhi, 1991.
 * 64) ‘Profile of a Pioneer: N S Bendre’, Lalit Kala Contemporary, No 37, New Delhi, 1991.
 * 65) ‘Adaption of Folk Tales for Buddhist Jataka Stories and their Depiction in Indian Art, A Study in Narrative and Semiotic Transformation’, Journal of the MS University of Baroda, Humanities Number, 1991/92.
 * 66) ‘Dasi – A Film Analysis’, New Quest, Pune, Jan - Feb 1992.
 * 67) ‘The Meaning of Mandhata Jataka’, Roopa Lekha, Vol LXII-LXIII, New Delhi, December 1993.
 * 68) ‘Vishnu Theme in Indian Miniature Painting, in ‘Vishnu in Art, Thought and Literature, (ed) Kamalakar, Birla Archaeology and Cultural Research Institute, Hyderabad, 1993.
 * 69) ‘Birth of Prithu: Interpretation of a Rajasthani Painting from Vishnu Purana’, Seminar on Puranas – Vishnu and Markandeya, (ed) R T Vyas, Oriental Institute, Baroda, July 1993.
 * 70) ‘Notes Towards the Formation of Medieval Style in Malwa Region of Western Madhya Pradesh: A Presentation of Hinglajgarh Sculptures’, Art the Integral Vision: A Volume of Essays in Felicitation of Kapila Vatsyayan, (ed) B N Saraswati, et al, Delhi, Dec. 1993.
 * 71) ‘Revivalism, Indigenous Factors of Modern Indian Art, Reconsidered in the Context of Post-Modernism’, Lalit Kala Contemporary, No 38, New Delhi, 1993.
 * 72) ‘Baroda School’s Contribution to Contemporary Art Trends’, Trends & Images, Centre of International Modern Art, Calcutta, 1993.
 * 73) ‘Some Dilemmas of Interaction with the West in Modern Indian Art’, Santiniketan, 1993.
 * 74) ‘Towards Possible Theory of Narratives in Indian Painting’, Journal of MS University of Baroda, Humanities, Vol XLIII, No1, 1993-94.
 * 75) ‘Some Aspects of the Decorative repertoire of Northern Indian (Nagara) Temple Architecture’, Alamkara: 5000 years of Indian Art, (ed), Peter Lee and Pansy Ku, Heritage Board, Singapore, 1994.
 * 76) ‘Relevance of Aesthetics in the Contemporary Arts: Deconstructing Ananda Coomaraswamy and Indian Aesthetics’ New Quest, Pune, Nov - Dec 1994.
 * 77) ‘Art Education in India in ‘the ‘Dictionary of Art’, Macmillan Publishers Ltd, London, 1994.
 * 78) ‘Discourse Analyzes of Visual Arts: Uncovering the Meaning of the Picture Puzzles of Bihari Sat Sai Paintings’, in the Proceedings of the Seminar on Dimensions of Discourse Analyzes, Mysore, Shri Karl Khandalavala Felicitation Volume, (ed) B N Goswamy, a detailed and enlarged version, in East & West, Rome, Vol 45, Nos 1-4, 1995.
 * 79) ‘A Proposed Methodology for the Study of System of Proportions in Indian Temple Architecture’, Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects, UP Shah Commemoration Volume, (ed) R T Vyas, New Delhi, 1995.
 * 80) ‘On Re-identification of Andhra Buddhist Jataka Relief Sculptures’, in (i) Journal of the MS University of Baroda, Humanities Number 91-92, 1991-1992, (ii) Revised version in Artibus Asiae, Vol LV, 1/2, Zurich, April 1995.
 * 81) ‘The Myth of Kaliya Daman Krishna in Indian Painting: A Study of Pictorial Narratives’, (Part II), Sri Nagabhinandanam, MS Nagaraju Rao Festschrif, (editors) Srinivasan, Nagaraju, Banglore, 1995.
 * 82) ‘The Myth of Kaliya Daman Krishna in Indian Painting: A Study in Pictorial Representation – Part II’, Dr MS Nagaraja Rao Festschrift, (ed) L K Srinivasan et al, Bangalore, 1995.
 * 83) ‘Buddhist Attitude to Women as Reflected in the Jataka Stories and Art’, in Krsna-Smrti - KD Bajpai Commemoration Volume, (editors) RK Sharma, RC Agrawal et al, Delhi, 1995.
 * 84) ‘Narrative Structure and the Significance of the Snake Jatakas in Buddhist Art’, RR Ganguly Felicitation Volume, (ed) SS Biswas, Calcutta, 1995.
 * 85) ‘Introduction to Sculptures’, Gyangangotri, Drisyakala Volume of Gujarati Encyclopaedia, (editors) Gulam Mohammed Sheikh and Shirish Panchal, Series 30, Vallabh Vidhyanagar 1996. Also used for UGC lectures on TV. Also, published in Arts & Crafts, New Delhi, 1993, in six instalments.
 * 86) ‘Foreword, for Deepak Kannal’s book, Ellora, an Enigma in Sculptural Styles’, Books & Books, (ed) Bharati Shelat, New Delhi, 1996.
 * 87) ‘Vessantara Jataka from Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda’, Vinayatushini – Benoytosh Centenary Volume, (ed) Shyamal Kanti Chakravarti, 1996.
 * 88) ‘Publications, Magazines, Journals, Polemics: (Supportive critical writing from Charles Fabri to Geeta Kapoor)’, 50 years of Indian Art, NCPA, Mumbai, 1997, (Published in 1998).
 * 89) ‘The Significance of the Baroda Gaekwad Collection of Ravi Varma Paintings’, Legacy of Raja Ravi Varma, the Painter, (ed) Ratan Parimoo, Baroda, 1998.
 * 90) ‘The Painter’s Ramayana: Sahibdin’s Paintings of Lanka Kanda’, International Seminar on Ramayana, Journal of Oriental Institute, Baroda, Vol XLVIII, Nos 1-4, September 98 – June 99.
 * 91) ‘Somanth Hore and His Times’, Bichitra, Vol 2, Kolkata, 2000.
 * 92) ‘Rasapanchadhyayi Paintings from Pahari School based on the Bhagvat Purana and their Hermeneutic Interpretation’, Proceedings of Seminar on Indian Culture, Philosophy and Art, Ahmedabad, 2001.
 * 93) ‘Landscape Painting: The Human Recreation of Nature’, Sarjan Art Gallery, Baroda, 2001.
 * 94) ‘Shanti Dave’s Home Coming’, Sarjan Art Gallery, Baroda, 2001.
 * 95) ‘The First Baroda Group of Artists in ‘Chitrakala’, MS Nanjunda Rao Felicitation Volume, (ed) SK Ramachandra Rao, Bangalore, 2001.
 * 96) ‘Thoughts on Concretizing the Abstraction: (Ratan Parimoo’s Honeymoon with Abstraction)’, Kala Dirgha, Vol I, No 2, Lucknow, April 2001.
 * 97) ‘Wilderness Transformed in a Flower Garden: The Renaissance of Art in Gujarat’, Sarjan Art Gallery, Baroda, 2002.
 * 98) Jataka Stories at Borobudur in the context of Indian Art/ Sudhana Kumara Kinnari Jataka, International Seminar on Cultural Interface of India with South, South east and East Asia, New Delhi, 2003.
 * 99) ‘Saundarananda Story – A Sculpture Relief from Goli Stupa and its Hermeneutic Interpretation’, Lalit Kala, No 29, Delhi, 2004.
 * 100) ‘Interpreting a Pahari Painting: Rasamanjari or Rasikapriya, Inverting a Metaphor’, in the Anand-Vana of Indian Art, Dr. Anand Krishna Felicitation Volume, (ed) Naval Krishna and Manu Krishna, Varanasi, 2004.
 * 101) The Persistent Quest - The drawings and paintings of Ranjit Singh Gaekwad, in the Exhibition Catalogue, Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad, The Persistent Quest 6th - 21 December 2007, Priyasri Art Gallery, Mumbai, 2007.
 * 102) On Defending Raja Ravi Varma's Art: Corroboration of Naturalism in Indian Cultural Manifestations in Journal of Indian Society of Indian Art. Commemorating 100 years of Indian Society of Oriental Art. Editors: Susanto Ganguly, Arundhati Banerjee, New Series, Vol XXVII, Kolkata, 2007-2010.
 * 103) Suryamukhi: Prodosh Das Gupta's Summum Bonum in Prodosh Das Gupta, Sculpture, Drawings edited by Virendra Kumar Jain, Kumar Art Gallery, New Delhi, 2008.
 * 104) KS Kulkarni's Enigmatic Pictorial Language in KS Kulkarni, Kumar Gallery, New Delhi, 2008.
 * 105) ‘Offering the Flesh of the Body: Jataka Stories in Central India and Himalayan Art’, in The Art of Central Asia and the Indian Sub-continent, (ed) Anupa Pande, Delhi, 2009.
 * 106) ‘A Controversial Set of Pahari School Paintings Based on Ramacharitamanas from Baroda Museum’, in The Diverse World of Indian Painting – Vichitra-Vishva – Essays in Honour of Dr. Vishwa Chander Ohri, (ed) Usha Bhatia, Amar Nath Khanna and Vijay Sharma, New Delhi, 2009.
 * 107) Mapping the Asian Journey of Vessantara Jataka: Text and Pictorial Images of the Perfect Generosity of Prince Vassantata (unpublished) Conference on Buddhism Across Asia, Singapore, Feb 2009.
 * 108) ‘Mapping the Asian Journey of Vessantara Jataka: texts and Pictorial Images of the perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara’, From Turfan to Ajanta Festschrift for Dieter Schlingloff on the occasion of his Eightieth Birthday, (editors) Eli Franco and Monika Zin, Lumbini International Research Institute Rupandeli, Nepal, 2010.
 * 109) Art of Francis Newton Souza: A study in Psycho-analytical Approach in Artetc. News & views, Issue 24, Kolkata, January 2012.
 * 110) Gaganendranath Tagore: Painter and Personality in Artetc. News and Reviews, Volume 3, No 11, Kolkata, July 2011.
 * 111) Gaganendranath Tagore, Satirical Drawings and caricatures Artetc: News & views, Kolkata, 2012.
 * 112) E. B Havell: Relentless Campaigner and Interpreter of Indigenism, (keynote address in E B Havell: Reclamation of a Legend Celebration of his 150th Birth Centenary Govt. College of Art and Craft, Kolkata, 2012.
 * 113) Progressive Artists Group of Bombay, An overview, 'The spirit of late 1940's and early 1950's, Artetc: News & views, Jan. 2012, Issue 24, Kolkata. Also, Guest Editor of two issues devoted to PAG.
 * 114) Art of Francis Newton Souza: A study in Psycho-analytical Approach in Artetc. News & views, Issue 24, Kolkata, January 2012.
 * 115) Husain's Zameen, Artetc News & views, Issue 24, Kolkata, January 2012.
 * 116) ‘Sea Voyages in the Story of Shripala Rasa from the Gujarat Coast, With Supplementary Notes from Shri Jagadu Charita, for “Gujarat and the Sea” International Seminar held at Kucch-Mandvi, Proceedings edited by Lotika Vardarajan, New Delhi, 2012.
 * 117) ‘Chitravali from Gujarat, An Early Gita Govinda’, in Harsha Dehejia (ed) Radha: From Gopi to Goddess, New Delhi, 2013.
 * 118) 'Unknown Drawings of Ramayana Uttarakanda in Pahari Style, The Pictorial Version as New Text,' in Mahesh Sharma and Padma Kaimal (editors), Indian Paintings: Essays in Honour of B.N. Goswamy, Mapin Publishing, Ahmedabad, 2013.
 * 119) Kshemendra and the Pictorial Representation of Jataka Stories in Himalayana Buddhist Art, Advanced Institute of Indian Studies, Rashtrapati Niwas, Shimla. May 2014.
 * 120) 'Cultural Unity of India as Signified by a Sculptural Icon: the Sheshashayi Vishnu', in Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (ed), Rethinking the Cultural Unity of India, Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, 2014.
 * 121) ‘Uttaradhyayan Sutra: On Giving Pictorial Form to Mahavira’s Teachings’, in concept of Spirituality in Art: Past, Present and Future, Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, 2014.
 * 122) 'Badamvadi, Oil on Canvas, Ist Version 1958, II Version 2011, On Reconstructing a lost Paintings,' in Miraas Magazine edited by Pankaj Bhar, Vol 7, No1 & 2, New Delhi, Jan-June 2014.
 * 123) 'Interpretation and the Leap from Iconography to Iconology,' in Anila Varghese & Anna Dallapiccola (editors), Art, Icon and Architecture in South Asia: Essays in Honour of Dr Devangana Desai, Aryan Books Internationals, New Delhi, 2015.
 * 124) ‘Cultural Unity of India as signified by a sculptural Icon: The Sheshashayi Vishnu’, (ed) Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Rethinking the Cultural Unity of India, Ramakrishna Mission, Institute of Culture, Kolkata, 2014.
 * 125) ‘Adventures in Art Education, NS Bendre in Faculty of Fine Arts in Baroda’, A Cosmopolitan town in Transition, Marg Publication, Mumbai, 2015.
 * 126) Remembering Maej - The Mother, in, Miraas, Reflecting the Culture and Heritage of Kashmir, A Quarterly Publication of Kasheer Foundation, Vol IX, No III & IV, July-December 2016.
 * 127) Some Sheshashayi Sculptures from South East Asia, Parul Pandya Dhar, Gerd Mevissen (editors), Temple Architecture and Imagery of South and South East Asia, Papers presented to Prof MA Dhaky, Aryan Books International New Delhi, 2016.
 * 128) ‘Pictorial Language of the Jain Style Painting from Gujarat and the problem of the Chaurapanchasika style’ in (ed) Anupa Pande, Rajasthani Miniature Painting Tradition and continuity, National Museum Institute, New Delhi, 2016.
 * 129) Tavdi Paintings, in Calendar 2017, Tavdi by HH Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad, The Artist 1938 - 2012. Maharaja Fatehsingh Museum, Lukshmi Vilas Palace, 2017.
 * 130) Paintings of Uttaradhyayana Sutra: On giving Pictorial form to Mahavira's Teachings, in New Horizons in Indology, Prof HG Shastri Commemoration Volume, (Editors) Prof Bharti Shelat, Prof Thomas Parmar, Ahmedabad, 2018.
 * 131) Metaphorical Sculptures of Asish Das, Introduction in the Artist Catalogue, 2018.
 * 132) ‘Art of Indian Painting as conceptualized in Chitrasutra of Vishnudharmottara’, Journal of Oriental Institute, Vol 67, Nos 1-4, Sep-Dec 2017 and March-June 2018, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 2017/2018.
 * 133) ‘Life of Shri Chaitanya as depicted by an artist’ in Journal of the Gujarat Research Society, Vol LXIII, No 1-2-3-4, Dr. Bharati Shelat Commemoration Volume, Ahmedabad, 2018.
 * 134) ‘Shri Madhusudhan Dhaky – The Outstanding Architectural Historian’, Sambodhi, Vol XLII, L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 2019.
 * 135) Dr. Umakant P Shah: An Indologist and Art Historian in ICHR Symposium on, 'Intellectual Currents in Colonial Western India' at Oriental Institute, Baroda, 5th/6th January 2019.
 * 136) ‘Selected Paintings from the Family Collection of Kasturbhai Lalbhai’, (ed) John Seyller, DAKHAN: 2018 Recent Studies on Indian Painting, Jagdish and Kamala Mittal Museum of Indian Art, Hyderabad, 2020.
 * 137) Gujarati Translation of Mapping the Asian journey of Vessantara Jataka Texts and Pictorial Images of the perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara, ‘Vessantara Jataka Asiai Pravasno Naksho: Rajkumar Vessantara ni Adbhut Udaratani Kathao ane tene sanlagna Drishya Chhabiyo’, (trans.) Shirish Panchal, Mahavessantara Jataka, (trans.) Yuyutsu Panchal, Vadodara, 2020.
 * 138) Chapter on ‘Chitra, Chitrakar’, Vol IX, Kalatattva Kosh, Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts, New Delhi, (in Press).
 * 139) ‘Revisiting Martand Sun Temple: Lalitaditya and the Kashmir style of Temple Architecture’, Neelamatam, Vol 14, Issue No 02, April-June 2022.

Art Exhibitions

 * 1955 onwards         National Exhibitions of Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi.

 * 1956,57,58,59         Baroda Group of Artists Exhibitions in Bombay.
 * 1958                        First one-man show, Srinagar.
 * 1962                       South Asian Artists, Durham, U.K.
 * 1964,65,75             Joint shows with wife Naina Dalal, at Bombay, Delhi and I.P.C.L., Baroda.

 * 1972                        Retrospective Exhibition at Delhi, Rabindra Bhawan.

 * 1975,1976               Alumni Exhibition, Faculty of Fine Arts, Silver Jubilee, Bombay, Baroda.
 * 1973,75                  One-man shows at Bombay.
 * 1976                       One-man show in Delhi.
 * 1979                       One-man show in Ahmedabad.
 * 1990                      Organized and exhibited with EIGHT BARODA ARTISTS, CMC Ltd., New Delhi.
 * 1991-1992            Artists Against Communalism, Delhi.
 * 1992                     Birla Akademi of Art, Calcutta, Silver Jubilee Exhibition, West Zone.
 * 1995                     Bharat Bhavan Biennale, Bhopal.
 * 1995                    Tribute to Husain on 80th Birthday, Aurodhan Gallery, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Delhi.
 * 1996                     Contemporary Indian Painting, Bombay Art Society, Bombay.
 * 1997                     Major Trends in Indian Art, Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi.
 * 1999                    Retrospective Exhibitions, Jehangir Art Gallery, Cymroza Art Gallery, Bombay.
 * 2000                    Retrospective Exhibitions, Natarani Theatre, Ahmedabad & Welcome Hotel, Baroda.
 * 2002                    Allahabad Museum, Allahabad.                                                                                Exhibitions-Auctions of OSIAN'S, Mumbai, curated by Shri Neville Tuli
 * 2001, February     India: The Passionate Detachment
 * 2002, July             India in Making, 1757-1950
 * 2002, November    Masterpieces and Museum Quality Indian Modern and Contemporary Paintings.
 * 2005, February      Masterpieces and Museum Quality Indian Modern and Contemporary Paintings.
 * 2004                       Art for Vision (For Shankara Netralaya) LKA, New Delhi.
 * 2006                      Parimini Shakla, Fifty years of Ratan Parimoo's Paintings (1956-2006), Baroda, Delhi.
 * 2008                     Parimoo’s Chaurapanchashika: Iconography of A Nayika, Jehangir Art Gallery, Mumbai.
 * 2009                     Parimoo’s Chaurapanchashika: Iconography of A Nayika, Habitat Centre, New Delhi.
 * 2010-11                Ratan Parimoo’s Early Phase, (1956-1960), Sponsored by Marvel Gallery, Ahmedabad, Baroda, Mumbai.
 * 2018                     CONCOURSE, 9th Annual Contemporary Art Show Exhibition of Kashmiri Muslim and Pandit Artists Srinagar (Kashmir).

Artists’ Camp
Participated in Artists’ Camps:

 * 1969    Pavagarh.

 * 1976    Srinagar, Kashmir.

 * 2005    Regional Centre, Lalit Kala Akademi, Lucknow.

Awards

 * 1957             Cultural Scholarship for Painting, Govt. of India

 * 1960-1963    Commonwealth Scholarship to study in London

 * 1966             First prize in Painting, Annual Exhibition, J & K, Cultural Akademi.

 * 1974             Rockefeller IIIrd Grant to study & travel in USA.

 * 1991-1993    Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship for Jataka Stories in Buddhist Art.

 * 2000             Gaurav Puraskar, Gujarat State Lalit Kala Akademi.

 * 2016             Raja Ravi Varma Chitrakar Sanman award, Megh Mandal Sansthan Mumbai.

 * 2019           ‘Rabindranath Tagore Birth Centenary Medal’ by Asiatic Society in Kolkata at 235th annual meet for contribution to human culture (2018).

Collections
Hermitage, Lenningrad; National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi; Punjab University, Chandigarh; Air India, Bombay; Shyamal Builders, Baroda; Gujarat State Lalit Kala Akademi, Delhi Sahitya Kala Parishad, Madhavan Nair Foundation, Cochin, Cymroza Art Gallery, Mumbai; Welcome Hotel, Vadodara. & Private Collections.

Major Lecture Series
1980 – Radhakamal Mukherji Memorial Lecture, U.P. State Lalit Kala Akademi, Lucknow.

1983 – UGC National Lectures at Chandigarh, Santiniketan & Madurai.

1989 – Hindi Sahitya Parishad, Ahmedabad.

1990 – Somashekhar Memorial Lecture, Dept. of Archaeology, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad.

1999 – Abanindranath Memorial Lecture, Calcutta.

2005 – Raja Ravi Varma Death Centenary Lecture, Cochin.

Foreign Travels
1960-61 – Commonwealth Fellowship to study in London University.

1967 – One month's traveling in USSR under Indo-Soviet Cultural Programme.

1974 – JDR Rockefeller IIIrd Fund, New York, USA.

1978 – Invited to participate in the world Congress of International Society for Education Through Art, Adelaide, Australia.

1993 – Travelled to London, Paris, Berlin.

Membership(s) of Societies/ Associates being held
1981-1984 – Member, Executive Board, Lalit Kala Akademi, Delhi.

1982 – Member, UGC Panel Art History / Museology.

1982-1988 – Executive Secretary, Indian Association of Art Historians.

1985 – Member, UGC Pay Scale Revision committee.

1987 – Member, Central Advisory Board of Museums, Govt. of India.

1993-1995 – Member, History of Science Panel, Indian National Science Akademi, New Delhi.

1994-1997 – Member, UGC Panel for Art History / Fine Arts.

1998-2000 – Art Purchase Committee, NGMA, Delhi.

2003-2005 – Programme Advisory Committee, NGMA, Mumbai.

2003- 2005 – Board of Studies, Jawahar Nehru University, New Delhi. Board of Studies, National Council of Educational Research and Teaching, New Delhi.

2011 – Authentication Committee appointed by Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi, to access the exhibition of 20 fake paintings of Rabindranath Tagore held at College of Arts and Crafts, Kolkata.

2012-2014 – Member, Board of Studies, School of Art and Aesthetics, JNU.

2014-2016 – Member, Acquisition Committee, NGMA, New Delhi.

2015-2020 – Chief Advisor, Textbooks in Fine Arts for class XI and Class XII, National Council of Educational Research and Training.

title: Ratan Parimoo


text:
Baewha Women's University

Baewha Women's University is a private Christian university located in Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Enrollment fluctuates around 1,350, and is restricted to women. Courses of study are offered in interpretation (English, Japanese and Chinese), traditional cuisine, clothing, business management, secretarial studies, e-commerce, nutrition, early childhood education, and applied information processing.

History
The school was founded by the Baewha Educational Foundation, in 1977. The foundation's roots are much older, however; it was established in 1898 by the American Methodist missionary Josephine Eaton Peel Campbell.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Baewha Women's University


text:
Yuhan University

Yuhan University is a private college in Sosa-gu, Bucheon City, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. The current president is Kwon-Hyun Lee. It offers technical training in a variety of fields. The college's academic offerings are divided under five general divisions: Mechanical Engineering Division, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Division, Design Division, Computer and Management Division, and Social Affairs Division.

History
Ground was broken for "Yuhan Technical Junior College" in late 1977, and classes began the following year. The first president was Chong Ryul Sohn. In 1979 it became Yuhan Technical College. In 1998 the current English name "Yuhan College" was adopted. The Korean name "Yuhan Daehakgyo" was adopted in 2011.

Founding Philosophy
The profit derived from a business enterprise should be returned to the society which nourished the growth of the business. (The founder, Dr. Ilhan New (Yu Il-han) believed that education is one of the most important ways that fulfill the above philosophy.)

School Motto
Be a freeman who dedicates himself to the peace of mankind.

Notable alumni

 * Sung Dong-il, actor

title: Yuhan University


text: Template:DualLicenseWithCC-SA

title: Template:DualLicenseWithCC-SA


text:
Common bile duct stone

Common bile duct stone, also known as choledocholithiasis, is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct (CBD) (thus choledocho- + lithiasis). This condition can cause jaundice and liver cell damage. Treatments include choledocholithotomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Signs and symptoms
Murphy's sign is commonly negative on physical examination in choledocholithiasis, helping to distinguish it from cholecystitis. Jaundice of the skin or eyes is an important physical finding in biliary obstruction. Jaundice and/or clay-colored stool may raise suspicion of choledocholithiasis or even gallstone pancreatitis. If the above symptoms coincide with fever and chills, the diagnosis of ascending cholangitis may also be considered.

More than 70% of people with gallstones are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally during ultrasound. Studies have shown that 10% of those with gallstones will develop symptoms within 5 years of diagnosis, and 20% within 20 years.

Causes
While stones can frequently pass through the common bile duct into the duodenum, some stones may be too large to pass through the common bile duct and may cause an obstruction. One risk factor for this is duodenal diverticulum.

Pathophysiology
This obstruction may lead to jaundice, elevation in alkaline phosphatase, increase in conjugated bilirubin in the blood and increase in cholesterol in the blood. It can also cause acute pancreatitis and ascending cholangitis.

Diagnosis
Choledocholithiasis (stones in common bile duct) is one of the complications of cholelithiasis (gallstones), so the initial step is to confirm the diagnosis of cholelithiasis. Patients with cholelithiasis typically present with pain in the right-upper quadrant of the abdomen with the associated symptoms of nausea and vomiting, especially after a fatty meal. The physician can confirm the diagnosis of cholelithiasis with an abdominal ultrasound that shows the ultrasonic shadows of the stones in the gallbladder.

Although unusual, it is possible to have a common bile duct stone despite prior cholecystectomy. One study found that in patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis, 28% had undergone prior cholecystectomy. Such stones are thought to be the result of stones missed at the time of the cholecystectomy, as opposed to the formation of new stones.

The diagnosis of choledocholithiasis is suggested when the liver function blood test shows an elevation in bilirubin and serum transaminases. Other indicators include raised indicators of ampulla of vater (pancreatic duct obstruction) such as lipases and amylases. In prolonged cases the international normalized ratio (INR) may change due to a decrease in vitamin K absorption. (It is the decreased bile flow which reduces fat breakdown and therefore absorption of fat soluble vitamins). The diagnosis is confirmed with either a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), or an intraoperative cholangiogram. If the patient must have the gallbladder removed for gallstones, the surgeon may choose to proceed with the surgery, and obtain a cholangiogram during the surgery. If the cholangiogram shows a stone in the bile duct, the surgeon may attempt to treat the problem by flushing the stone into the intestine or retrieve the stone back through the cystic duct.

On a different pathway, the physician may choose to proceed with ERCP before surgery. The benefit of ERCP is that it can be utilized not just to diagnose, but also to treat the problem. During ERCP the endoscopist may surgically widen the opening into the bile duct and remove the stone through that opening. ERCP, however, is an invasive procedure and has its own potential complications. Thus, if the suspicion is low, the physician may choose to confirm the diagnosis with MRCP, a non-invasive imaging technique, before proceeding with ERCP or surgery.

Treatment
Treatment is removal of the gallstone from the bile duct using ERCP or an intraoperative cholangiogram. In these procedures, a thin tube is introduced into the common bile duct to perform a cholangiogram. If stones are identified, the surgeon inserts a tube with an inflatable balloon to widen the duct, and the stones are usually removed using either a balloon or tiny basket. A laser can be used to split big stones and make it easier to solve it using laparoscopy.

If the either of these procedures is unsuccessful, the stone can be removed during surgery through an incision into the bile duct at the location of the stone (called choledocholithotomy). This procedure may be used if the stone is very large or if the duct anatomy is complex.

Typically, the gallbladder is then removed, an operation called cholecystectomy, to prevent a future occurrence of common bile duct obstruction or other complications.

title: Common bile duct stone


text:
Youngsan University

Youngsan University is a private university in southeastern South Korea. It operates a main campus in Yangsan City, South Gyeongsang province, a branch campus in nearby Busan, and an "auxiliary learning center" in Seoul. Youngsan offers undergraduate degrees in various practical fields, including international studies, law, Asian business, and information engineering. It also offers graduate degrees in legal affairs, hotel tourism management, information technology, real estate, and teaching English as a foreign language.

History
The Sungsim School Foundation (est. 1973)) received permission to open Youngsan University in 1996, and did so shortly thereafter, on March 10, 1997. The school was thus founded as a university, which is unusual; most South Korean universities began their existence as technical schools or colleges.  The first president was Chun-koo Jeong.  The first international sisterhood relationship was established later in the same year, with the International University of Russia.  The maximum enrollment at that time was 940.  Graduate schools were established in 1999.

title: Youngsan University


text:
Youngnam Theological University and Seminary

Youngnam Theological University and Seminary, also YTUS, is located in Gyeongsan City, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea, in an area inhabited by numerous other institutions of higher learning. It is officially a university, and is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church of Korea.

History
The Bible school which would become YTUS was founded by James E. Adams, an American missionary, in 1913. After the end of the Korean War, a formal seminary was established on April 12, 1954. At that time it was called "Daegu Presbyterian Seminary" and was located in Daegu. The name changed to Youngnam Seminary in 1970, and the campus changed to its present location in 1987. In the same year, the seminary was accredited as a four-year college by the South Korean Ministry of Education. The school was reorganized as a university, and adopted its current lengthy name, in 1994. Two years later, the graduate school was established.


text:
Ulsterbus

Ulsterbus is a public transport operator in Northern Ireland and operates bus services outside Belfast. It is part of Translink, the brand name for the subsidiary operating companies of the Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company, which also includes Northern Ireland Railways and Metro Belfast.

History
Ulsterbus was founded in 1967 with the creation of the Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company, replacing the former Ulster Transport Authority. The founding of Ulsterbus coincided with the beginnings of The Troubles, a conflict which intensified throughout the 1970s and 1980s and often saw Ulsterbus buses and employees caught in the crossfire. Drivers would often face hijackings, assaults and robberies while operating Ulsterbus services, their buses being turned into burning barricades or occasionally being bombed. Four Ulsterbus employees were killed in the 1972 Bloody Friday bombings when an IRA bomb exploded at the Oxford Street bus station. In total, 17 employees from both Ulsterbus and Citybus were killed during The Troubles, with 1,484 buses in total being maliciously destroyed from 1964 to the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.

Werner Heubeck was the first managing director of both Ulsterbus and Citybus, managing both companies throughout The Troubles from his appointment in 1965 until his retirement in 1988. A former Luftwaffe conscript, Heubeck became known for carrying bombs off buses and for making Northern Ireland's buses profitable and running to schedule despite the security situation, and received both an OBE in 1977 and a CBE on his retirement in 1988.

The Northern Ireland Transport Holding Company was rebranded to Translink in 1996. Ulsterbus and Citybus, as well as Northern Ireland's rail services, were integrated into Translink and were subsequently rebanded. Translink have built and refurbished a number of bus stations served by Ulsterbus and have invested in a fully low-floor bus fleet, as well as introducing brands such as the Foyle Metro.

Services
Ulsterbus is responsible for most of the province-wide bus services in Northern Ireland. It operates 1,100 buses and twenty-two bus stations, several of which, such as those at Belfast Europa and Bangor, form integrated transport interchanges with Northern Ireland Railways stations. Ulsterbus, as part of Translink, is charged with transporting over 55,000 children per day to school. Every July and August, around 250 vehicles are usually de-taxed. This is because not as many are needed for service due to schools finishing for summer holidays.

Goldline
Goldline is the name given to the inter-city express bus services operated by Ulsterbus. Originally launched as the 'Northern Ireland Express' in the 1970s, these services were rebranded to 'Goldline' in 1990, with the Belfast-Derry express service relaunched as the 'Maiden City Flyer' with eight new coaches in 1991. This service has seen major expansion over the years: Belfast-Derry 212 service went from a thrice daily service in 1990 to half-hourly frequency, and many services have been expanded and introduced. Goldline services are operated from Belfast to major destinations in Northern Ireland, plus the Goldline Express Services X1/X2 (previously Service 200) to Dublin (via Dublin Airport). This service was worked jointly with Bus Éireann service X1 (previously Service 001) until December 2020, where the service changed to be worked 100% by Translink.

There are also a number of cross-channel (North Channel) services to Britain, operated in partnership with National Express under the Eurolines banner.

Foyle Metro
For many years, Derry's internal bus network was operated as Ulsterbus's Derry City Services. The network was relaunched as Ulsterbus Foyle on 4 September 2006 following a review and expansion of the city's bus routes and replacement of many of the city's older buses.

Ulsterbus Foyle was later rebranded as Foyle Metro on 1 September 2017, with the buses branded in a deep red livery. The rebranded service now operates across 14 high-quality bus corridors with new timetables. It represents an investment of over £3m, consisting of 19 brand new buses and many others refurbished.

In 2022, £30 million of funding from the Department for Infrastructure was acquired for the purchase of 38 battery electric buses, as well as charging equipment to be installed at the Foyle Metro's Pennyburn garage. The buses, ten being Wright StreetDeck Electroliner double-decks and 28 being Wright GB Kite Electroliner single-decks, were delivered in May 2023, with type training for drivers and charger installation taking place as late as July 2023 ahead of the rollout of the buses on city services, where they will replace existing diesel buses to enable the Foyle Metro fleet to be completely zero-emission.

Ulsterbus Tours
Ulsterbus previously operated a holiday coaching arm named 'Ulsterbus Tours', operating "day tours" to other parts of Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland and across the Irish Sea to Great Britain, mainly for shopping and visits to tourist attractions. Coaches could also be hired for sporting events such as Old Firm derbies and racing events such as the Cheltenham Gold Cup. Ulsterbus Tours was closed in September 2020 due to the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Translink.

Urby
The Ulsterbus Urby service is an upgraded bus service offering USB charging, faster journeys, WiFi and leather seating, initially launched with 28 new Wright double decker buses in June 2018 to operate in Ballyclare, Bangor, Newtownards and Dromore. In September 2019, routes serving Ballygowan, Comber and Moneyreagh were upgraded to Urby routes with an investment of seven new buses.

Incidents
In December 2015, a single-decker bus crashed into Strangford Lough after colliding with a wall on the Portaferry Road near Newtownards. No passengers were on board at the time and the driver of the bus sustained only minor injuries. The bus was recovered and put back onto land a few hours later.

Two Ulsterbus Goldline coaches have suffered engine fires while in service; a coach bound for Belfast caught fire outside of Lurgan, County Armagh in November 2016, while another caught fire on the M2 in County Antrim in July 2021, which the company states was caused by "accidental ignition".

An Urby bus was hijacked and set alight by "masked men" on the morning of 1 November 2021 in Newtownards. The bus had recently entered service in the Bowtown estate when hijackers held the driver at gunpoint and "muttered something about the (Northern Ireland) protocol" before setting the bus alight. No passengers were on board at the time, but the bus was totally destroyed and the driver left "badly shaken". The attack was widely condemned by members of the Northern Ireland Assembly and all buses to the town were briefly suspended.

Fleet
As of October 2021, the Ulsterbus fleet consists of nearly 1,100 buses and coaches, with buses predominantly bodied by Wrightbus of Ballymena.

Prior to the advent of low-floor buses, the Ulsterbus fleet mainly consisted of Alexander-bodied Bristol REs, Leyland Leopards, Leyland Tigers and Volvo B10Ms. Many of these would be hijacked and maliciously destroyed throughout The Troubles, and as such, second-hand Bristol, Leyland and AEC buses were regularly purchased from British operators.

The last Leyland Tiger of a fleet of over 600 was handed over to the company in September 1993, with Ulsterbus moving over to the Volvo B10M following the closure of Leyland Bus. Most high-floor Ulsterbus buses were withdrawn by the mid-2000s; the last Leyland Leopards were finally withdrawn in 2006, with 681 being built for Ulsterbus and 228 of these being maliciously destroyed.

Following an order for 40 Leyland Atlanteans in 1971, no further double decker buses were ordered, as they were seen as expensive to run and not offering good value for money at the time. In 2001, however, double decker buses were reintroduced to Northern Ireland through the purchase of 20 low-floor Volvo B7TLs with Alexander ALX400 bodywork for both Ulsterbus and Citybus.

title: Ulsterbus


text: Talk:Baewha Women's University

title: Talk:Baewha Women's University


text:
List of Likud Knesset members

This is a list of Likud Knesset Members by the sessions of the Knesset (the Israeli parliament) in which they served (place on Likud list is given in brackets):

8th Knesset Likud Members (January 21, 1974 – May 17, 1977)
Zalman Abramov; Moshe Arens; Yoram Aridor; Yohanan Bader; Yedidia Be'eri; Menachem Begin; Meir Cohen-Avidov; Geula Cohen; Yigal Cohen1; Haim Corfo; Mates Drobles; Leon Dycian; Simha Erlich; Yehezkel Flomin; Pesach Grupper; Benjamin Halevi2; Igael Hurvitz; Avraham Katz; Haim Kaufman; Ben-Zion Keshet; Joseph Kremerman; Haim Landau; David Levy; Tzita Linker4; Amnon Linn; Eitan Livni; Yitzhak Moda'i; Amal Nasser el-Din5; Moshe Nissim; Akiva Nof3 5; Ehud Olmert; Gideon Patt; Yitzhak Peretz; Elimelech Rimalt; Hillel Seidel6; Yitzhak Shamir; Ariel Sharon1; Abraham Shechterman; Eliezer Shostak; Zalman Shoval; Yosef Tamir; Shmuel Tamir3 4; Menahem Yedid; Abraham Yoffe

 * 1 Ariel Sharon left the Knesset on December 23, 1974. He was replaced by Yigal Kohen.
 * 2 Benjamin Halevi left Likud on March 18, 1975.
 * 3 They left Likud on October 26, 1976, to create the Free Center faction
 * 4 Shmuel Tamir left the Knesset on January 25, 1977. He was replaced by Zita Linker.
 * 5 Akiva Nof left the Knesset on January 25, 1977. He was replaced by Amal Nasereldeen.
 * 6 Joined Likud on February 15, 1977.

9th Knesset Likud Members (May 17, 1977 – June 30, 1981)
Moshe Arens; Yoram Aridor; Elyakim Badian; Menachem Begin; Yitzhak Berman; Meir Cohen-Avidov; Yigal Cohen-Orgad; Geula Cohen; Yigal Cohen; Haim Corfo; Michael Dekel; Sarah Doron; Simha Erlich; Yehezkel Flomin; Pesach Grupper; Igael Hurvitz; Yitzhak Yitzhaky; Moshe Katsav; Avraham Katz; Haim Kaufman; David Levy; Amnon Linn; Eitan Livni; Moshe Meron; Roni Milo; Yitzhak Moda'i; Amal Nasereldeen; Moshe Nissim; Akiva Nof; Ehud Olmert; Gideon Patt; Yitzhak Peretz; Shmuel Rechtman; Yosef Rom; Menachem Savidor; Hillel Seidel; Moshe Shamir; Yitzhak Shamir; Avraham Sharir; Ariel Sharon; Dov Shilansky; Eliezer Shostak; Zalman Shoval; David Stern; Yosef Tamir; Ezer Weizman; Mordechai Zipori

10th Knesset Likud Members (June 30, 1981 – July 23, 1984)
Moshe Arens; Yoram Aridor; Menachem Begin; Eliahu Ben Elissar; Yitzhak Berman; Meir Cohen-Avidov; Yigal Cohen-Orgad; Yigal Cohen; Haim Corfo; Michael Dekel; Sarah Doron; Simha Erlich; Miriam Glazer-Taasa; Pinhas Goldstein; Pesach Grupper; Avraham Hirschson; Moshe Katsav; Haim Kaufman; Michael Kleiner; Eliezer Kulas; David Levy; Amnon Linn; Eitan Livni; David Magen; Yaakov Meridor; Ronny Milo; Yitzhak Moda'i; Amal Nasereldeen; Moshe Nissim; Akiva Nof; Ehud Olmert; Gideon Patt; Yehuda Perah; Yitzhak Peretz; Michael Reisser; Zvi Rener; Josef Rom; Menachem Savidor; Isaac Seyger; Benny Shalita; Yitzhak Shamir; Avraham Sharir; Ariel Sharon; Meir Sheetrit; David Shiffman; Dov Shilansky; Eliezer Shostak; Dan Tichon; Ariel Weinstein; Dror Zeigerman; Mordechai Zipori

11th Knesset Likud Members (July 23, 1984 – November 1, 1988)
Aharon Abuhatssira; Moshe Arens; Yoram Aridor; Eliahu Ben Elissar; Meir Cohen-Avidov; Yigal Cohen-Orgad; Yigal Cohen; Haim Corfo; Michael Dekel; Sarah Doron; Michael Eitan; Ovadia Eli; Gideon Gadot; Miriam Glazer-Taasa; Pinhas Goldstein; Pesach Grupper; Igael Hurvitz; Moshe Katsav; Haim Kaufman; Eliezer Kulas; Uzi Landau; David Levy; Uriel Lynn; David Magen; Joshua Matza; Dan Meridor; Ronny Milo; Yitzhak Moda'i; David Mor; Amal Nasereldeen; Moshe Nissim; Ehud Olmert; Gideon Patt; Michael Reisser; Isaac Seyger; Benny Shalita; Yaakov Shamay; Yitzhak Shamir; Avraham Sharir; Ariel Sharon; Meir Sheetrit; Dov Shilansky; Eliezer Shostak; Dan Tichon; Ariel Weinstein

12th Knesset Likud Members (November 1, 1988 – June 23, 1992)
Aharon Abuhatssira; Shaul Amor; Moshe Arens; Benny Begin; Eliahu Ben Elissar; Yigal Cohen; Haim Corfo; Sarah Doron; Michael Eitan; Ovadia Eli; Gideon Gadot; Yosef Goldberg; Pinhas Goldstein; Pesach Grupper; Efraim Gur; Tzachi Hanegbi; Igael Hurvitz; Moshe Katsav; Haim Kaufman; Michael Kleiner; Uzi Landau; David Levy; Limor Livnat; Uriel Lynn; David Magen; Joshua Matza; Dan Meridor; Ronny Milo; Yitzhak Moda'i; Benjamin Netanyahu; Moshe Nissim; Ehud Olmert; Gideon Patt; Yehuda Perah; Reuven Rivlin; Yehoshua Sagi; Yaakov Shamay; Yitzhak Shamir; Avraham Sharir; Ariel Sharon; Dov Shilansky; Zalman Shoval; Dan Tichon; Ariel Weinstein

13th Knesset Likud Members (June 23, 1992 – May 29, 1996)
Yosef Ahimeir; Shaul Amor; Assad Assad; Benny Begin; Eliahu Ben Elissar; Naomi Blumenthal; Michael Eitan; Ovadia Eli; Efraim Gur; Tzachi Hanegbi; Avraham Hirschson; Moshe Katsav; Haim Kaufman; Uzi Landau; David Levy; Limor Livnat; David Magen (Monsonego); Joshua Matza; David Mena; Dan Meridor; Ronny Milo; Ron Nachman; Benjamin Netanyahu; Moshe Nissim; Ehud Olmert; Gideon Patt; Michael Ratzon; Silvan Shalom; Yaakov Shamay; Yitzhak Shamir; Ariel Sharon; Meir Sheetrit; Dov Shilansky; Dan Tichon; Ariel Weinstein

14th Knesset Likud Members (May 29, 1996 – May 17, 1999)
Shaul Amor; Naomi Blumenthal; Ze'ev Boim; Michael Eitan; Gideon Ezra; Tzachi Hanegbi; Avraham Hirschson; Moshe Katsav; Yisrael Katz; Uzi Landau; Limor Livnat; Joshua Matza; Benjamin Netanyahu; Reuven Rivlin; Silvan Shalom; Ariel Sharon; Meir Sheetrit; Doron Shmueli; Dan Tichon

15th Knesset Likud Members (May 17, 1999 – January 28, 2003)
Moshe Arens; Naomi Blumenthal; Ze'ev Boim; Eli Cohen; Michael Eitan; Gideon Ezra; Tzachi Hanegbi; Abraham Hirschson; Ayoob Kara; Moshe Katsav; Yisrael Katz; Uzi Landau; Yechiel Lasry; Limor Livnat; Tzipi Livni; Joshua Matza; Ronny Milo; Dan Naveh; Benjamin Netanyahu; Reuven Rivlin; Silvan Shalom; Ariel Sharon; Meir Sheetrit; Yuval Steinitz

16th Knesset Likud Members (January 28, 2003 – April 17, 2006)
Eli Aflalo; Ruhama Avraham; Ronnie Bar-On; Daniel Benlulu; Naomi Blumenthal; Ze'ev Boim; Yuli Edelstein; Yaakov Edri; Michael Eitan; Gilad Erdan; Gideon Ezra; Gila Gamliel; Inbal Gavrieli; Michael Gorlovsky; Tzachi Hanegbi1; Yehiel Hazan; Avraham Hirschson; Moshe Kahlon; Ayoob Kara; Haim Katz; Yisrael Katz; Uzi Landau; David Levy; Limor Livnat; Tzipi Livni; David Mena2; Leah Ness; Dan Naveh; Benjamin Netanyahu; Ehud Olmert; Michael Ratzon; Reuven Rivlin; Pnina Rosenblum1; Gideon Sa'ar; Silvan Shalom; Ariel Sharon; Omri Sharon2; Meir Sheetrit; Yuval Steinitz; Marina Solodkin; Majalli Wahabi; Ehud Yatom

 * 1 Tzachi Hanegbi resigned from the Knesset on 10 December 2005 and was replaced by Pnina Rosenblum.
 * 2 Omri Sharon resigned from the Knesset on 5 January 2006 and was replaced by David Mena.

17th Knesset Likud Members (April 17, 2006 – February 24, 2009)
Yuli-Yoel Edelstein2; Michael Eitan (6); Gilad Erdan (4); Moshe Kahlon (3); Haim Katz1; Yisrael Katz (12); Limor Livnat (10); Dan Naveh (8)2; Binyamin Netanyahu (1); Yossi Peled (16); Reuven Rivlin (7); Gideon Sa'ar (5); Silvan Shalom (2); Natan Sharansky (11)1; Yuval Steinitz (9)

 * 1 Natan Sharansky resigned from the Knesset on November 20, 2006 and was replaced by Haim Katz.
 * 2 Dan Naveh resigned from the Knesset on February 25, 2007 and was replaced by Yuli-Yoel Edelstein

18th Knesset Likud Members (February 24, 2009 – February 5, 2013)
Ofir Akunis (26); Benny Begin (5); Danny Danon (24); Yuli-Yoel Edelstein (13); Michael Eitan (16); Ze'ev Elkin (20); Gilad Erdan (3); Gila Gamliel (19); Tzipi Hotovely (18); Moshe Kahlon (6); Ayoob Kara (23); Haim Katz (15); Yisrael Katz (12); Yariv Levin (21); Limor Livnat (14); Dan Meridor (17); Leah Ness (11); Binyamin Netanyahu (1); Zion Pinyan (22); Miri Regev (27); Reuven Rivlin (4); Gideon Sa'ar (2); Silvan Shalom (7); Carmel Shama (25); Yuval Steinitz (10); Moshe Ya'alon (8)

19th Knesset Likud Members (February 5, 2013 – March 31, 2015)
Benjamin Netanyahu; Gilad Erdan; Silvan Shalom; Yisrael Katz; Danny Danon; Moshe Ya'alon; Ze'ev Elkin; Tzipi Hotovely; Yariv Levin; Yuli-Yoel Edelstein; Haim Katz; Miri Regev; Moshe Feiglin; Yuval Steinitz; Tzachi Hanegbi; Limor Livnat; Ofir Akunis; Gila Gamliel

20th Knesset Likud Members (March 31, 2015 – April 9, 2019)
Benjamin Netanyahu; Gilad Erdan; Yuli Edelstein; Yisrael Katz; Miri Regev; Silvan Shalom2; Moshe Ya'alon3; Ze'ev Elkin; Danny Danon1; Yariv Levin; Benny Begin; Tzachi Hanegbi; Yuval Steinitz; Gila Gamliel; Ofir Akunis; David Bitan; Haim Katz; Jackie Levy4; Yoav Kish; Tzipi Hotovely; Dudu Amsalem; Miki Zohar; Anat Berko; Ayoob Kara; Nava Boker; Avi Dichter; Avraham Neguise; Nurit Koren; Yaron Mazuz; Oren Hazan; Sharren Haskel; Amir Ohana; Yehuda Glick; Osnat Mark

 * 1 Danny Danon resigned in August 2015 and was replaced by Sharren Haskel
 * 2 Silvan Shalom resigned in December 2015 and was replaced by Amir Ohana
 * 3 Moshe Ya'alon resigned in May 2016 and was replaced by Yehuda Glick
 * 4 Jackie Levy resigned in November 2018 and was replaced by Osnat Mark

21st Knesset Likud Members (April 9, 2019 – October 3, 2019)
Benjamin Netanyahu; Yuli Edelstein; Yisrael Katz; Gilad Erdan; Gideon Sa'ar; Miri Regev; Yariv Levin; Yoav Gallant; Nir Barkat; Gila Gamliel; Avi Dichter; Ze'ev Elkin; Haim Katz; Tzachi Hanegbi; Ofir Akunis; Yuval Steinitz; Tzipi Hotovely; Dudu Amsalem; Amir Ohana; Ofir Katz; Eti Atiya; Yoav Kish; David Bitan; Keren Barak; Shlomo Karhi; Miki Zohar; Sharren Haskel; Michal Shir; Keti Shitrit; Fateen Mulla; May Golan; Uzi Dayan; Ariel Kellner; Osnat Mark

22nd Knesset Likud Members (October 3, 2019 – March 2, 2020)
Benjamin Netanyahu; Yuli Edelstein; Yisrael Katz; Gilad Erdan; Gideon Sa'ar; Miri Regev; Yariv Levin; Yoav Gallant; Nir Barkat; Gila Gamliel; Avi Dichter; Ze'ev Elkin; Haim Katz; Tzachi Hanegbi; Ofir Akunis; Yuval Steinitz; Tzipi Hotovely; Dudi Amsalem; Amir Ohana; Ofir Katz; Eti Atiya; Yoav Kish; David Bitan; Keren Barak; Shlomo Karhi; Miki Zohar; Sharren Haskel; Michal Shir; Keti Shitrit; Eli Cohen; Moshe Kahlon;Yifat Shasha-Biton;

23rd Knesset Likud Members (March 2, 2020 – present)
Benjamin Netanyahu; Yuli Edelstein; Yisrael Katz; Gilad Erdan; Gideon Sa'ar; Miri Regev; Yariv Levin; Yoav Gallant; Nir Barkat; Gila Gamliel; Avi Dichter; Ze'ev Elkin; Haim Katz; Tzachi Hanegbi; Ofir Akunis; Yuval Steinitz; Tzipi Hotovely; Dudi Amsalem; Amir Ohana; Ofir Katz; Eti Atiya; Yoav Kish; David Bitan; Keren Barak; Shlomo Karhi; Miki Zohar; Sharren Haskel; Michal Shir; Keti Shitrit; Eli Cohen; May Golan;Yifat Shasha-Biton; Tali Ploskov; Gadi Yevarkan; Uzi Dayan; Fateen Mulla

title: List of Likud Knesset members


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ihate.org.uk

ihate.org.uk
Delete. This is an obvious advertising ploy for a supposed "venting/rant" site, which has been likened to the wikipedia. This is not encyclopaedic content, and in my (humble) opinion wont and can't amount to much. Selphie 15:15, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC) **
 * Delete --fvw *  19:46, 2004 Dec 16 (UTC)
 * Delete. P Ingerson 20:12, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Cdc 20:46, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Advertising, although I think a number of VfD voters would be happier there than here. Geogre 20:57, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's only been around for a couple of months, if that. They also seem to have removed my contribution on that site. Shocking. [[User:Xezbeth| Xezbeth ]] 21:32, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mikkalai 21:41, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy, spam. Wyss 03:57, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Do Not Delete. its a good site. i dont see the harm in leaving it. User:82.109.228.34 21:41, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as spam and because hosiery is speaking on the subject. - Lucky 6.9 20:35, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Whatever This is my site (i just noticed the wikipedia page in my log files). We're not trying to be like Wikipedia, it's mostly a humour site. Xezbeth, Which contribution of yours was deleted? The only ones (to my knowledge) that have been deleted are the racist ones. Anyway, I'm really not bothered if the page on wikipedia is deleted or not - PB 13:12, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text: Talk:Youngnam Theological University and Seminary


text: Talk:Youngsan University

title: Talk:Youngsan University


text: Talk:Youngsan University of Son Studies

title: Talk:Youngsan University of Son Studies


text: Talk:Yuhan University

title: Talk:Yuhan University


text:
BMW M21

The BMW M21 is a straight-six diesel engine developed by the Bavarian engine manufacturer BMW. It has swirl chamber injection and is based on the M20 petrol engine and was produced for BMW by the Upper Austrian Steyr engine plant from 1983 to 1991. It was succeeded by the M51.

Background
In the 1970s BMW decided to develop an engine, which would both be powerful and have a good fuel economy. This was caused by the oil crisis in 1973. In 1975 a group of BMW engineers started working on the M78/M105 diesel engine project, using the M20 petrol engine as the basis. By the time the engine entered production, the code name was changed to M21. The Steyr engine plant was planned from the beginning to be the sole manufacturer of the new diesel engine. It started as a joint venture with Steyr-Daimler Puch in 1978, but in February 1982 BMW took over the reins. The first engines built there (in early 1982) were six-cylinder petrol units. Beginning in 1983, Ford was planning to buy 190,000 BMW turbodiesels over a period of several years. With the American diesel market imploding in the early 1980s, Ford only built a small number of Lincolns thus equipped and only for two model years.

In 1983 at the IAA, the first passenger car was shown to the public which made use of the 115 PS M21. It was the E28 524td, which has a top speed of 180 km/h and reaches 100 km/h in 12.9 s. This 5-series BMW was the fastest series production diesel car in the world in 1983. It has a fuel economy of 7.1 L/100 km.

Technical description
As per the M20, the M21 is water-cooled, has a cast iron block and a SOHC valvetrain. The camshaft is driven by a belt, each cylinder has one inlet and one outlet valve. Compared to the M20, the M21 has reinforced connecting rods, cylinder heads, pistons, valves and a reinforced crankshaft with seven bearings.

For faster engine startup the M21 has a glowplug system called instant start, which reduces the time to reach starting temperature compared to similar diesel engines. The fuel is injected into swirl chambers.

A Garrett turbocharger is used (without an intercooler). Initially, the M21 was only available as a turbocharged engine. In 1985, BMW introduced a naturally aspirated version of the M21, which was popular in countries with a high motor vehicle tax.

Initially, the fuel pump was controlled mechanically. From 1987 Bosch's electronically controlled fuel pump was used (EDC, called DDE, Digital Diesel Electronics by BMW), which increased the torque output by 10 Nm. The updated engine has a smaller turbocharger, which improves response. The naturally aspirated engine was fitted with ESC from 1989.

Models
Applications:
 * 1983 - 1988 E28 524td
 * 1985 - 1988 E28 524d (naturally aspirated)
 * 1985 - 1993 E30 324d (naturally aspirated)
 * 1985 - 1993 E30 324td
 * 1988 - 1991 E34 524td
 * 1984 - 1985 Continental Mark VII
 * 1984 - 1985 Lincoln Continental
 * 1986 - 1987 Vixen 21 TD and Vixen 21 XC
 * 1989 - 1991 Bertone Freeclimber
 * 1992 UMM Alter II (four examples built)

title: BMW M21


text:
Talk:Parental alienation

Changes Must Be Supported By Reliable Sources
When editing this article it is important that references to mental health and psychology meet the WP:RSMED standard, and that for the sections that relate to the legal world, references meet the WP:RSLAW standard. Any new assertion introduced into the article should be verifiable, that is to say, supported by reliable sources.

This article was significantly updated in the not-so-distant past, and is supported by large numbers of recent references. But even if that were not the case, the fact that time has passed since an article has written does not stand as evidence of change. Often it is in fact a reflection of the fact that the matter is largely viewed as settled. If there is a change in the consensus view of mental health professionals, there should be reliable sources available that document the change.

Speculation and original research do not belong within an article, WP:NOT, nor should language be introduced to question properly sourced material based upon speculation that things may have changed. See MOS:WTW. Arllaw (talk) 03:59, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

 * Just because a statement is properly sourced doesn't mean it works well in the context of a Wikipedia article. I'm going to question the properly sourced introduction. In Wikipedia's definition of the word "theory", it explains that in the common vernacular, the word theory implies something is unproven or speculative. When the average person reads "Parental Alienation is a theorized process by which...." anything that follows is going to be dismissed as psychobabble. There may be disagreement on some elements of PA, but I think the scientific community agrees that it is a real thing that occurs in our society. Do we want the opening line to create so much doubt in the minds of people who are learning of it for the first time? This introduction may be properly sourced, but there are many alternative definitions that would work better. I invite the Scientific Community to chime in. Thudpuckers (talk) 09:37, 13 February 2024 (UTC)
 * If you wish to discuss proposed changes to the lead, it will be helpful if you would start a new topic for that purpose and share your proposed changes in that topic.
 * If you disagree with Wikipedia's policies about reliable sourcing, that's a policy discussion that is best directed at those who set policy. Arllaw (talk) 02:58, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

Treatment section
I would like to address mrollie's revision of the last sentence of the treatment section. Rather than engaging in editing wars, let's have an honest discussion about the merits of mrollie's revision. I revised the sentence to say ''A recent program evaluation of a four-day intervention called "Turning Point for Families" found preliminary evidence that the "The Turning Points for Families program is an effective and safe treatment option for families in which severe parental alienation has occurred". It was changed to read A recent program evaluation of a four-day intervention called "Turning Point for Families" found preliminary evidence that the program could improve family relationships in situations where a court finds alienation. The reason mrollie gave for his revision is that my sentence was a little to "pro" parental alienation. Could you please address the following questions about your revision and the reason for it: 1) This is a direct quote from the study. The study does not qualify that the program "could improve family relationships", it states that it is "an effective and safe treatment option for families in which severe parental alienation has occurred". How is it being too "pro" to quote what the study found and explicitly refers to as "practitioner points?" 2)Likewise, it does not mention "situations where a court finds alienation". Why was this added? 3) Most important, the two paragraphs of this section are almost entirely anti parental alienation theory in nature. It refers to "quack therapy", substandard research models, claims of harm done by treatment programs etc. If it is acceptable to include all of this in the article, why is it "too pro" to accurately report what Harman's research actually says about the safety and effectiveness of the program. I suggest that my revision is totally appropriate and merely provides a balance to the claims that are made against treatment options. It does not take sides or promote either side of this issue. If anything, the rest of the section needs serious revision for its unbalanced perspective. I humbly request that you restore my revision. I thank you in advance for your handling this request with intellectual integrity. Thanks. Devoted Parent (talk) 21:15, 26 October 2021 (UTC)

 * You seem to be looking for a false balance. In cases like this where the scientific mainstream doesn't accept the condition, we're not supposed to be trying to find a balance - we're supposed to be reflecting the mainstream view. MrOllie (talk) 21:41, 26 October 2021 (UTC)
 * You say "the scientific mainstream doesn't accept the condition". Of your long and impressive list of references, do ANY of them state PA doesn't occur? Do any of them contend that PA doesn't exist? It may be true that there is a good deal of debate as to PA being a diagnosable mental condition, (I don't know what that has to do with anything.) and it is true that we do not have the ability to accurately measure certain elements of PA. But none of these things refute the existence of PA. The argument of PA being a syndrome and issues of how it can be used or misused in the courts is part of the story that needs to be told. But your article incorporates them into the definition of PA in such a way as to imply Parental Alienation is a hoax. It is not. And btw, you completely omitted the absolutely devastating effect it has on the alienated parents. Instead, you implied they could be child abusers using the claim of PA as a means to re-establish contact with their kids so they can continue abusing them. Thudpuckers (talk) 16:51, 24 January 2024 (UTC)
 * We follow the reliable, mainstream sources, not your personal opinion of what the 'story that needs to be told' is. MrOllie (talk) 04:15, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Don't be smug. Your "reliable, mainstream sources" have misdirected you. Sure, Dr. Harmon's story about the child abuser using Parental Alienation to win custody of his kids is a compelling, tragic story. And it's true, allegations of Parental Alienation can be misused in court by people with nefarious intentions. That's on the courts to figure out, and eventually they will. You can point out that the scientific community is undecided as to whether or not Parental Alienation is a Syndrome, or that it hasn't been proven to be a diagnosable mental disease, (For that matter, it hasn't been proven to cause cancer either.) You can point out that there isn't reliable data to substantiate the long-term effects on the kids or that there is no method of quantifying certain aspects it. All of these things can be true. But NONE of them disprove the existence of Parental Alienation. That is the part you apparently don't get. Thudpuckers (talk) 22:23, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * The part you don't seem to get is that Wikipedia is simply a summary of the sources that meet its sourcing requirements. Our hands are mostly tied here, if the sources are 'misdirecting' then so to will be the Wikipedia article, that is how this site is designed and it is what our content policies require. MrOllie (talk) 22:39, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

Thank you for your quick response. A review of the scientific, legal and mental health literature (that is not cherrypicked) actually demonstrates that the mainstream scientific community does accept the condition. It is taking sides to present it differently. Therefore, it is very appropriate to present a balanced picture and report accurately what each opinion actually claims. Also, you did not respond to my questions about changing the quote of the study. Devoted Parent (talk) 22:00, 26 October 2021 (UTC)
 * You added to the article claims about this study and a prior survey of literature that failed verification. I am willing to assume that the errors were not intentional, but it is important that material be presented accurately. Finding references requires reading past a summary on an advocacy website or the abstract of an article -- it requires review of the actual article content.

 * The quote, "The Turning Points for Families program is an effective and safe treatment option for families in which severe parental alienation has occurred" is not a quote from the study. It is from a pair of "practitioner points" presented along with the study on the Wiley website. The text of the study explains, "Acceptance into the TPFF program is only by court order or by a settlement agreement that must be approved by  the court." The article explicitly states that "TPFF makes the assumption that the court" has found that parental alienation has occurred.

 * As things presently stand stand, the study Harman produced about Turning Point for Families is a small, retrospective study, not controlled, conducted by an advocate for this type of program as opposed to a truly independent auditor, which is of dubious value by WP:RSMED standards. The study describes itself as "preliminary" (both within the content of the article and in the abstract). See, e.g., the RSMED content on weight, bias, caution with regard to use of small-scale studies, and the benefits of independent sources.

 * This is not a new topic, nor is this the first treatment program that is designed to address "parental alienation"; it is up to those who advocate the theory of parental alienation to conduct better research and build a larger consensus for their theories; as MrOllie explained, it is not the role of Wikipedia to create a false balance. Arllaw (talk) 14:43, 27 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Regarding the subject of false balance, there needs to be a separation between the definition / existence of Parental Alienation and the debate of whether or not it is a syndrome or a diagnosable mental condition or issues of how it is used/misused in the court system. By and large, the scientific community does not refute the existence of PA. And yet because of the way this article is written, a casual reader would get the impression that it is largely unproven. Thudpuckers (talk) 05:21, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Feel free to write letters to the scientific community proposing they draw such a distinction in their writings, which we could then use as a source. But we cannot simply do such a thing on Wikipedia, it would be a violation of one of our core policies: WP:NOR. MrOllie (talk) 14:12, 26 January 2024 (UTC)
 * According to Wikipedia's stated policy, anyone can make changes to an article. (With the exception of changing a quotation of a published piece.) It doesn't require changes to have references.
 * In this case, I omitted the word "theorized" from the opening statement. My reasoning is simple. To the scientific community, the connotation "theory" means "an explanation of". But when the average person sees "a theoretical process by which..." in the opening statement, they go into defense mode, expecting to hear about something that only exists in fantasyland and/or movies.
 * MrOllie, you are a bot. You don't understand the finer nuances of communication, which, in a subject as human as Parental Alienation is, are crucial. Your claim to be the spokesperson for the mainstream scientific community in this instance is hollow. Please reinstate my change. Thudpuckers (talk) 19:36, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
 * It doesn't require changes to have references. You have greatly misunderstood Wikipedia's policies, because sourcing is absolutely required. Read WP:NOR and WP:V for starters. Personal attacks are not going to get me to support your proposed changes - only reliable sources will. MrOllie (talk) 19:56, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

Arllaw writes "You added to the article claims about this study and a prior survey of literature that failed verification". I do not know what you are referring to that I made claims about this study that are not verifiable. The study states over and over again exactly what I wrote about it. The Abstract of the study states: "This preliminary evidence indicates that TPFF, similar to other therapeutic structural interventions, is a safe and effective treatment option for severely alienated children". On page 3 & 4 of the study it states: "Although there is also limited research on outcomes for programs designed to treat severe parental alienation, evidence so far does not support the argument that existing programs are ineffective. For example, two outcome studies of the Family Bridges program indicate that between 75% and 95% of children overcame their alienation after participation (Warshak, 2010, 2019), and an initial evaluation of the Family Reflections program found a 95% reunification success rate after 12 months post-intervention for twelve families (22 children; Reay, 2015). Reunification success rates are an important indicator of program efficacy, but they do not directly address critics’ claims about these structured parental alienation intervention programs being ‘unsafe’ or ‘traumatizing’ to the children. Self-report measures from Family Bridges participants indicate that the majority of children rated their experience as positive and they also rated the workshop itself as good or excellent (only 8% rated it as poor), and outcomes from the Family Reflections program are not reported to be ‘traumatizing’ for the children (Reay, 2015). There is not yet any empirical evidence to support allegations that the programs pose safety issues for children. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether another therapeutic treatment program for severely alienated children, Turning Points for Families (TPFF), is safe, does not cause harm". Page 6 states: "6The purpose of this study is to examine whether the TPFF program is effective in supporting the repair and positive relationship between the alienated child(ren) and alienated parent, and to test whether participation in the program is safe and not harmful to the child(ren) as alleged by critics such as Mercer (2019)". Finally, page 15 states: "We found support for the first hypothesis that was tested, which was that the TPFF program would be safe for children". Page 17 concludes: "While this evidence is preliminary, the program was not found to be unsafe for severely alienated children and appears to be effective in doing what it was designed to do: ‘jump-start’ the reunification process with the alienated parent. With continued compliance with court orders and effective aftercare, TPFF is another viable and effective structured therapeutic intervention for families where severe parental alienation has occurred". I again request that my revision be restored to reflect the actually findings of the study without watering it down. The reader of the wiki article can decide if they want to accept the validity of this study. It is not for wiki editors to dismiss bona research just because it does not support their personal views on the topic.Devoted Parent (talk) 22:05, 27 October 2021 (UTC)
 * If you read and understood the study before adding content to the article, then you know that what you added is not consistent with the study, you know that a quote you represented here as being from the study was not, in fact, from the study, and you know that your challenge to the description of the article, as presented above, was incorrect. You are making it difficult to assume good faith. Arllaw (talk) 22:57, 27 October 2021 (UTC)

The full text of the Harman study is available for public viewing online. Everything I wrote is quoted VERBATIM from the study and I provided the page numbers to insure verification and transparency. What I wrote is not only “consistent with the study”, it is the whole point of the study. The abstract and study are very clear about the hypothesis that they tested and the conclusions of the research. It is deceptive and fraud to publicly claim otherwise in this forum. My original revision to the treatment section said: In spite of the skepticism of critics, peer reviewed studies have begun to confirm that changes in custodial arrangements in favor of the targeted parent are effective in ameliorating parental alienation and that specialized family therapy addressing the alienation is effective in restoring family relationships and family functioning.[39][46] These studies also found that separating the child from the alienating parent was not harmful to the child.[39] A study of Turning Points for Families program for severely alienated children found it to be an effective and safe treatment option for families in which severe parental alienation has occurred.[46] These studies also emphasize that the success of these programs is contingent upon coordination with family courts.[39][46] I quoted two studies. The second study (which was totally removed) is equally clear in its research design and results. It was only removed to minimize the cumulative weight of two studies. The public has the prerogative to make informed decisions and form an opinion on a topic, but personal opinion does not grant the right to censor or minimize dissenting views in the wiki forum. There is nothing inappropriate with the above revision other than the fact that it gives credence to an opinion some disagree with. I again respectfully request the editors of this article to demonstrate intellectual integrity and restore the full paragraph of my revision in its entirety and to refrain from such censorship in the future.Devoted Parent (talk) 03:03, 28 October 2021 (UTC)
 * If there is a version of the article that is available and not paywalled, it is not clear why you chose not to add a link to it. You quoted one survey of literature and one study -- you do understand the difference, correct? You misstated both. I am really not interested in expending more time and energy trying to work through your blocks of text. Suffice to say, when you add inaccurate or incorrect content to a Wikipedia article you create work for others, and when you argue about it afterward it adds to the entirely avoidable time suck. Arllaw (talk) 04:27, 28 October 2021 (UTC)

I was mistaken about the paywall; I thought there was open access. Nevertheless, that does not change the content of the Harman article. Nothing was misstated; the abstract and article were reported correctly. The research files and analytics are available on the Open Science Framework. All the quotes are verbatim. I reiterate that it is outright fraud to claim otherwise. I do agree that the word “preliminary” should be added about the Harman study. The second study is not a survey of literature, it is a systematic review (following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology) as is stated in the articles title and is described in detail on page 4 of the article. There is a significant difference between the value of a literature review and a systematic review which any veteran wiki editor is surely aware of. This review was likewise not misstated. Arllaw has avoided the issue of the censorship of my revision and has repeated the unfounded claim that I am not accurately portraying the content of these studies. I am taking the initiative to reinsert my revision into the article. Any attempt to delete it, censor it, or add editorial comments to it in order to diminish or minimize the value of its content (or any future edits to the article that are censorship and/or blatant editorial comment) will be called to the attention of the Wiki Arbitration Committee and a request for disciplinary action will be made. Devoted Parent (talk) 21:36, 28 October 2021 (UTC)
 * You can make whatever complaints you would like, but you do need to respect that this project relies upon consensus and has standards for what should and should not be included in an article. Arllaw (talk) 02:05, 29 October 2021 (UTC)

RfC Parts of the article state the opposite of the source they quote
The article states: ″The psychological community has not accepted parental alienation as a diagnosable mental condition″ but the linked source says in its conclusions: ″There is almost no dispute among mental health professionals who work with children of divorced parents that PA occurs in many children whose parents engage in persistent, intense conflict.″ ″The inclusion of PA in the next editions of DSM and ICD will facilitate research regarding this mental condition, will strengthen the awareness and understanding of clinicians for PA″. How is it possible? This looks like an abuse of the source.  Twi light 15:13, 29 May 2022 (UTC)
 * That sounds wrong. Why don't you fix it? Is anyone opposed to the change? --Seggallion (talk) 06:35, 30 May 2022 (UTC) sock puppet of banned user
 * I don't know, first I'd like to understand how this was possible. Who would find a source, and then report in the article the opposite of what it says? Is this normal or malicious behaviour? Is there a policy against it? Should it be reported somewhere? Sorry I have been away from wikipedia for a long time.  Twi light 08:17, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
 * No opinion on this specific claim, but as for the broader concern – this kind of thing happens often and is a major problem for Wikipedia's verifiability. I frequently check the sources in Wikipedia articles, especially when I encounter a claim that seems surprising, and I often find that the cited sources don't support the claim. Sometimes this is because an editor misunderstood the source, sometimes it is because someone changed the article's prose without adding a new source, and sometimes it's because an editor intentionally added material that isn't supported by a source (maybe because they don't understand or don't agree with the verifiability policy.) If the article doesn't follow the sources, please correct it; this doesn't need an RFC unless others express disagreement. —Mx. Granger (talk · contribs) 09:35, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The source in question is an answer by PA proponents to their critics - what you're quoting is their objections to the rejection by the mainstream. I'm not the one who added it, but I believe what this source was intended to cite is their admission that their proposals to include it in the DSM and the ICD have been rejected. I replaced the citation with a more mainstream source that makes the point more directly. MrOllie (talk) 11:27, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The source you replaced it with is about the PAS. There is a separate article about it, this source is not relevant here. My understanding is there is a general consensus in the scientific community that parental alienation is not a syndrome, but at the same time ″There is almost no dispute among mental health professionals who work with children of divorced parents that parental alienation occurs in many children whose parents engage in persistent, intense conflict.″ Twi light 13:00, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
 * That's a quote by a fringe proponent in a non-peer reviewed article. And the source I added specifically addresses the same efforts to include PA in the DSM-5 that the Bernet source is about. In fact the source I added specifically talks about Bernet's position, for example Current proponents of parental alienation, including Bernet (2008) and Warshak (2015), have attempted to circumvent widespread condemnation of PAS by replacing it with parental alienation disorder (PAD) or simply parental alienation. - MrOllie (talk) 16:35, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
 * The source you replaced it with is about the PAS. There is a separate article about it, this source is not relevant here. My understanding is there is a general consensus in the scientific community that parental alienation is not a syndrome, but at the same time ″There is almost no dispute among mental health professionals who work with children of divorced parents that parental alienation occurs in many children whose parents engage in persistent, intense conflict.″ Twi light 13:00, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Ignoring the source, there is big difference between "parental alienation occurs", and "a diagnoseable mental condition". Spots occur, but spots are not a diagnoseable condition. Anger occurs, but anger is not a diagnoseable condition. Happiness occurs, but is not a diagnoseable condition. I hope that helps. Slp1 (talk) 17:12, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

 * (edit conflict) It's one of the problems of including sources in the lead. The idea of the lead is to summarize the article and summaries can be difficult to do elegantly where citations are used/required. For this reason, I prefer to avoid citation in the lead. In this case "the psychological community has not accepted parental alienation as a diagnosable mental condition″ is absolutely correct, and an excellent summary of information and citations in the article.  The specific reference cited was published in 2013 by proponents of PA before the latest DSM and ICD were published.  The article expresses their hope that PA  will be included in the next DSM and ICD ("The inclusion of PA in the next editions of DSM and ICD will facilitate research regarding this mental condition, will strengthen the awareness and understanding of clinicians for PA″).  The hopes were not fulfilled, as neither include any mention of PA to this day. Slp1 (talk) 16:52, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

 * (randomly invited by a bot) A mental condition is not diagnosable if it isn't listed in the DSM. The statement in the introduction is accurate. There is no contradiction. Jojalozzo (talk) 00:00, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * It's not diagnosable under the DSM or the ICD. As for the change, the text of the article remains correct, and the new citation should resolve the question of whether it's properly supported by the references. Arllaw (talk) 16:17, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm pro-PA, but if there is debate, then leave it out for this reason: There is too much back and forth in this article. Right from the beginning, each paragraph begins with somebody says this, this and that but ends with somebody else saying that, that and this or these guys claim bla bla bla,but it's unproven, or whatever. There's an almost comical rhythm to it. Call it "Ode to the Disfunction of the Behavioral Science Community". Speaking on behalf of the average person, this whole article is a pointless mess. Thudpuckers (talk) 04:46, 2 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Although some people want "parental alienation" to be recognized as a syndrome or disorder, that has not happened. Mark D Worthen PsyD (talk) [he/him] 01:50, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

Opening paragraph.
Wikipedia is a place for average people to gain an understanding of a given topic. This article begins with "Parental alienation is a theorized process through which a child..... bla bla bla." To the average person, that means Parental Alienation is nothing more than psycho-babble. (The awkward wording of the last sentence in the first paragraph wouldn't pass muster in 8th grade English.) The rest of the article pretty much amounts to point vs counterpoint, confirming the impression from the opening sentence. There's also a section telling people how to use PA for nefarious purposes in court. I understand some claims about this subject are contested. But I think the vast majority of the Scientific Community agrees Parental Alienation occurs and that it can have devasting effects. Yet somehow, that part doesn't come across in any meaningful way. Frankly, I think the whole article needs to be re-written, but for starters, can we remove the word "theorized" from the first sentence? Thudpuckers (talk) 22:46, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

 * We need sourcing. What you think the scientific community agrees about might be correct, or it might be incorrect. We can only change the article based on reliable sources - we cannot act on personal impressions. See WP:NOR, WP:RS, and WP:V for details. Our hands really are tied here based on what the available sources say. Find us some peer-reviewed scientific journals that support that there is a scientific consensus (not just a couple of single papers who might be a vocal minority) on this and you will see the article change very quickly. MrOllie (talk) 23:05, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

(Edit conflict) If “vast majority of the Scientific Community agrees Parental Alienation occurs“ then you will be able to provide multiple high quality reliable sources making this point. The fact that PA has not been accepted by virtually any medical or psychological association suggests that you will find this task very difficult. Slp1 (talk) 23:08, 17 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The mental health community recognizes that people can become estranged from each other, and within that context that children can become estranged from their parents, a form of family estrangement. The issue with this subject is that "parental alienation" is not a mere description of a child's becoming estranged from a parent, but attempts to define a specific form of estrangement in which fault for the estrangement is ascribed to one parent. Proponents of the theories of fault-based parental alienation have not yet convinced the mental health community at large or any major scientific or mental health organization to adopt their theories. Arllaw (talk) 05:35, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

parental involvement on academic performance
parental involvement on academic performance 112.209.15.203 (talk) 01:28, 9 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you can better explain this issue, and how it relates to the article. Thanks. Arllaw (talk) 22:12, 9 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Parental alienation


text: Talk:June Haver

title: Talk:June Haver


text:
Talk:West Kennet Long Barrow

Comment
I've been here. It scared the be-jesus out of my girlfriend. It's much more authentic and spooky than what Stonehenge has become. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.22.43.96 (talk • contribs) 14:21, 16 December 2004 (UTC)

Template:Megalith
I've created a new template for megalithic sites, Template:Megalith, as used on Pikestones and Round Loaf. Some instructions on the template talk page, to show how to use it. Cheers! --PopUpPirate 13:29, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Gallery
The gallery of photos doesn't seem to be functioing except for 2 photos, on 1 June 09. --Jduley. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.27.62.92 (talk) 06:16, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:West Kennet Long Barrow


text:
Talk:Hurley, Mississippi

Untitled
i used to live in hurley ms. but i am kinda glad i moved away although i miss my grandma!!

title: Talk:Hurley, Mississippi


text:
Talk:Gordon Keith (radio host)

Removed trivia
I removed some trivia and copy edited the lead. --Tom 14:42, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Controversey section
Does this have to be 1/2 the article? Maybe a line or two? TIA --Tom 14:44, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Sounds like you don't know Gordon... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.182.199.242 (talk) 01:17, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 November 2016
Please add the following to the bio...

Keith did not graduate from college, however in 2015, Keith was presented with an honorary doctorate degree from the Unversed ion North Texas.

RSCHMI33 (talk) 00:23, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

 * It appears that you'll be autoconfimred within 3 days, at which point you can make the edit yourself. — Andy W. ( talk ) 20:59, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Gordon Keith (radio host)


text:
Manohar Kaul

Manohar Kaul (1925–1999) was born in Srinagar, Kashmir. He was one of 20th century's most famous Kashmiri painters. His work is in the National Gallery of Modern Art in India.

Writings

 * Kashmir: Hindu, Buddhist and Muslim architecture, Sagar Publications (1971)
 * Trends in Indian painting, ancient, medieval, modern, Dhoomimal Ramchand (1961)

title: Manohar Kaul


text:
Aitken University Centre

The Aitken University Centre is located on the campus of the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton, New Brunswick.

Constructed in 1976, it is the home of the UNB Varsity Reds hockey and hosted UNB basketball games until the construction of the Richard J. Currie Center (sic) in 2011. The arena hosted the University Cup in 2003, 2004, 2011, and 2012. The Aitken Centre was also the venue for the 2006 CIS Women's basketball championships, and the 2007 and 2008 CIS Women's volleyball championships.

The arena's capacity is 3,278 for ice events and 4,258 for concerts.

Other uses
The Aitken Centre was home to the American Hockey League's Fredericton Express (1981–1988) and Fredericton Canadiens (1990–1999).

The arena was used as a set during the filming of the television miniseries Canada Russia '72. It stood in for the Montreal Forum, Maple Leaf Gardens and Luzhniki Palace of Sports.

The arena has also hosted numerous curling events, such as the 2024 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, 2024 U Sports University Curling Championships, and the 2024 CCAA College Curling Championships

title: Aitken University Centre


text:
Olivier Danvy

Olivier Danvy is a French computer scientist specializing in programming languages, partial evaluation, and continuations. He is a professor at Yale-NUS College in Singapore.

Danvy received his PhD degree from the Université Paris VI in 1986. He is notable for the number of scientific papers which acknowledge his help. Writing in Nature, editor Declan Butler reports on an analysis of acknowledgments on nearly one third of a million scientific papers and reports that Danvy is "the most thanked person in computer science".

Danvy himself is quoted as being "stunned to find my name at the top of the list", ascribing his position to a "series of coincidences": he is multidisciplinary, is well travelled, is part of an international PhD programme, is a networker, and belongs to a university department with a long tradition of having many international visitors.

title: Olivier Danvy