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Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos

Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos (born Rafael Frühbeck; 15 September 1933 – 11 June 2014 ) was a Spanish conductor and composer. Frühbeck was born in Burgos, Spain to a family of German ancestry. He first took up conducting while on military service in the Spanish Army before graduating from the Hochschule für Musik in Munich. Frühbeck was principal conductor of various orchestras around the world, starting with the Bilbao Symphony Orchestra from 1958 to 1962, then moving on to the Spanish National Orchestra, Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra of Tokyo and many others. Throughout his career Frühbeck de Burgos recorded on a number of labels. He was a member of the Academy of Fine Arts and History Institución Fernán González. His honours include the 2011 Conductor of the Year award from Musical America.

Early life
Born in Burgos, Spain, Frühbeck came from a family of German ancestry. His father had been wounded in World War I, and during his employment after the war for the Spanish section of a German company, decided to settle in Spain in order to reduce the need to travel. He then sent for his fiancée in Germany, and the couple reunited in Spain. Frühbeck's mother introduced him to the violin, and he had become concertmaster of the local orchestra by age 14. As a youth, he continued violin studies, along with piano, and composition, at the conservatories of Bilbao and Madrid. He first took up conducting while on military service in the Spanish Army. He graduated summa cum laude from the Hochschule für Musik in Munich in conducting and won the Richard Strauss Prize.

Career
Frühbeck was principal conductor of the Bilbao Symphony Orchestra from 1958 to 1962. During this time, the orchestra's manager persuaded Frühbeck to use a name that would more clearly indicate his Spanish identity. He subsequently took the professional surname Frühbeck de Burgos as his artist's name, to include the name of his birth city. He served as principal conductor of the Spanish National Orchestra from 1962 to 1978.

Outside Spain, Frühbeck de Burgos served as Generalmusikdirektor of the Düsseldorf Symphony Orchestra (1966–1971), music director of the Rundfunkorchester Berlin, the Deutsche Oper Berlin, artistic director of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and chief conductor of the Vienna Symphony. He also was principal guest conductor for various orchestras in Europe, Japan, and the United States, including the National Symphony Orchestra of Washington, DC, from 1980 to 1988. He made his American debut with the Philadelphia Orchestra in February 1969. From 1980 to 1983, he was principal conductor of the Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra of Tokyo.

From 2001 to 2007, Frühbeck de Burgos was principal conductor of the RAI National Symphony Orchestra. He was music director of the Dresden Philharmonic from 2004 to 2011. In January 2011, the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra announced the appointment of Frühbeck de Burgos as the Creative Director of its Masterworks Series of concerts, starting with the 2011–12 season. He held the post for two seasons, from 2011 to 2013.

Later life
In February 2011, the Danish National Symphony Orchestra announced the appointment of Frühbeck de Burgos as its principal conductor, as of the 2012–2013 season, with an initial contract of three years through 2015. However, on 4 June 2014, he resigned as chief conductor of the orchestra, with immediate effect. In parallel, Frühbeck de Burgos announced his retirement from conducting and that he had cancer. His final concert as a conductor had been in Washington, DC on 14 March 2014, with the National Symphony Orchestra.

Frühbeck de Burgos died on 11 June 2014 in Pamplona, Spain. He was buried in his home town of Burgos. He was survived by his wife, María del Carmen Martínez de Frühbeck, whom he married in 1959, and his two children, Rafael Frühbeck Martínez and Gema Frühbeck Martínez.

Recognition
Frühbeck de Burgos recorded on a number of labels, where his recordings include Felix Mendelssohn's Elijah, Paulus the Mozart Requiem, Carl Orff's Carmina Burana, and Georges Bizet's Carmen. He was known as well for his recording of the complete works of Manuel de Falla and a series of complete zarzuela recordings. Frühbeck orchestrated a suite from Isaac Albéniz's Suite española and conducted the New Philharmonia Orchestra in a commercial recording of this arrangement. His work in contemporary music included conducting the world premiere production of Gian Carlo Menotti's opera Goya. He was a member of the Academy of Fine Arts and History Institución Fernán González. His honours include the 2011 Conductor of the Year award from Musical America.

title: Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos


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The Land Before Time (film)

The Land Before Time is a 1988 animated adventure film directed and co-produced by Don Bluth from a screenplay by Stu Krieger and a story by Judy Freudberg and Tony Geiss; it is executive produced by Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Kathleen Kennedy, and Frank Marshall. The film stars the voices of Judith Barsi, Burke Byrnes, Gabriel Damon, Bill Erwin, Pat Hingle, Candace Hutson, Will Ryan and Helen Shaver. It is the first film in The Land Before Time franchise.

Produced by Amblin Entertainment and Sullivan Bluth Studios, it features dinosaurs living in prehistoric times. The plot features a young brown Apatosaurus named Littlefoot, who ends up alone after his mother is attacked by a villainous Tyrannosaurus rex and dies. Littlefoot flees famine and upheaval to search for the Great Valley, an area spared from devastation, where the adult dinosaurs have moved on to. On his journey, he meets four young companions: Cera, an orange Triceratops, Ducky, a green Saurolophus, Petrie, a brown Pteranodon, and Spike, a green Stegosaurus. The film explores issues of prejudice between the different species and the hardships they endure in their journey as they are guided by the spirit of Littlefoot's mother and forced to deal with a "sharptooth" (Tyrannosaurus rex).

The Land Before Time is the only Don Bluth film of the 1980s in which Dom DeLuise did not participate (instead, he starred in Disney's Oliver & Company released that same day), and the only film in The Land Before Time series that is not a musical, as well as the only one to be released theatrically worldwide. It was also the last film that Bluth directed that was distributed by Universal Pictures.

The film was released by Universal on November 18, 1988 to generally positive reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing $84.4 million. Its success, along with An American Tail and the 1988 live-action/animated film Who Framed Roger Rabbit led Spielberg to found his animation studio, Amblimation. The first film spawned a franchise with thirteen direct-to-video sequels, a television series, video games and merchandise, none of which had Bluth, Spielberg nor Lucas' involvement (though Amblin Entertainment was involved in the television series like it was for Fievel's American Tails). It is currently Don Bluth's third highest-grossing animated film, only behind Anastasia (1997) and An American Tail (1986).

Plot
During the age of the dinosaurs, a famine forces groups of dinosaurs to look for an oasis known as the Great Valley. A longneck dinosaur hatches a single baby named Littlefoot. Years later, Littlefoot encounters and plays with Cera, a young three-horn dinosaur until her father intervenes and says "three-horns never play with longnecks". In the evening Littlefoot plays with Cera again until a large sharptooth dinosaur pursues them. Littlefoot's mother eventually comes to their rescue. During the struggle an "earthshake" strikes and splits the land, swallowing up the sharptooth and dividing Littlefoot, Cera, and other dinosaurs from their herds; several die in the process. Before dying, Littlefoot's wounded mother gives him some words of advice about finding the Great Valley: "let your heart guide you. It whispers, so listen closely". Confused, and in-grief, Littlefoot meets Rooter, an older dinosaur who consoles him. Littlefoot is then guided by his mother's voice telling him to follow the sun to the Great Valley. First, he must pass several landmarks, such as a rock formation that resembles a Longneck and the "Mountains that Burn".

Later Littlefoot meets a young "bigmouth" dinosaur named Ducky and a young "flyer" dinosaur named Petrie, themselves separated from their families during the earthshake, who accompany him on his journey. Looking for her own kind, Cera finds the unconscious sharptooth inside a ravine and inadvertently wakes him up. She escapes and bumps into Littlefoot, Ducky, and Petrie. While describing her encounter, she accidentally flings Ducky in the direction of a lone hatching "spiketail" egg, from which a male emerges; Ducky names the hatchling "Spike" and inducts him into the group. Seeking the Great Valley, they discover a cluster of trees, which is depleted by a herd of longnecks. Searching for remaining growth, they discover a single leaf-bearing tree, and obtain food by stacking atop each other and pulling it down. Cera remains aloof, but at nightfall, she and everyone else gravitate to Littlefoot's side for warmth and companionship.

The next morning, they are attacked by the sharptooth but manage to escape through a tunnel which is too small for him to follow. They discover the landmarks mentioned by Littlefoot's mother. At the Mountains that Burn, a clash between Littlefoot's intention to follow his mother's directions and Cera's strong-willed insistence on going a different way results in a fight between them which causes the others to follow Cera, forcing Littlefoot to continue alone. When Ducky and Spike become endangered by lava, and Petrie gets stuck in a tar pit, Littlefoot returns to rescue them. Cera gets ambushed by a group of "domeheads" who live in the Mountains that Burn; the rest of the group pose as a tar monster, scaring away the domeheads and frightening Cera. After realizing who it really is, Cera angrily leaves the group and breaks down in tears, ashamed of her selfishness. Later, while crossing a pond, Petrie overhears the sharptooth nearby. The group devises a plan to lure him to the pond and drown him in the deep side using a nearby boulder. During the ensuing struggle, a draft from the sharptooth's nostrils enables Petrie to fly for the first time.

The plan nearly fails when the sharptooth begins attacking the boulder while the group attempts to push it onto him. However, Cera, having overcome her sorrow, reunites with the group and headbutts the boulder, causing the sharptooth to fall into the water, the boulder crashing into him in the process. The sharptooth momentarily takes Petrie down with him, seemingly to his death, but Petrie later emerges unharmed. Littlefoot, alone and about to give up on his search, sees his mother as a cloud; she guides him to the Great Valley. He is then joined by the others. After arrival the five are reunited with their families: Petrie impresses his family with his newfound flight; Ducky introduces Spike to her family, who adopt him; Cera reunites with her father; and Littlefoot finds his grandparents. The group reunites at the top of a hill and embrace each other in a hug.

Cast

 * Pat Hingle as Narrator
 * Hingle also voiced Rooter, a mole-like" dinosaur Littlefoot encountered
 * Helen Shaver as Littlefoot's Mother
 * Gabriel Damon as Littlefoot
 * Bill Erwin as Grandfather, Littlefoot's grandfather
 * Candace Hutson as Cera
 * Burke Byrnes as Daddy Topps, Cera's father
 * Judith Barsi as Ducky, Spike's adoptive sister
 * Will Ryan as Petrie

Development
During production of An American Tail, talk began of the next feature with Bluth and executive producer Steven Spielberg. Bluth and Spielberg wanted to do a film similar to Bambi, but with dinosaurs. Steven Spielberg's longtime friend George Lucas was also brought in on the project after being interested with it. The three persuaded An American Tail writers Judy Freudberg and Tony Geiss (both of whom were also prominent writers for Sesame Street) to write the screenplay for the film. Their initial draft was based on their early ideas, but when it was felt the story was too juvenile, Stu Krieger was brought on to revise their draft. Early into story development, the film was about a group of young dinosaurs looking for a wise, older dinosaur. Later on, Bluth explained, "...we came up with another idea that none of these dinosaurs get along with each other, they all hate each other. They're taught from the time they were born not to associate with each other, that's racism". An early working title for the film was The Land Before Time Began. Bluth, Spielberg and Lucas originally wanted the film to have no dialogue, like The Rite of Spring sequence in Fantasia, but the idea was abandoned in favor of using voice actors in order to make it appealing to children.

Animation
As work on the script continued, Bluth delegated some of the animation staff to begin creating concept art. As with his previous films, Bluth handled the storyboarding, but with final revisions by Larry Leker. Production was initially delayed by several months as the studio moved to Ireland. Production would eventually begin in spring 1987, a few months after the release of An American Tail.

The production was preceded by extensive research, including visits to natural history museums in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Skeletons, fossils, and paleoart from the turn of the century were consulted to help create a credible landscape and animals. Further research was conducted using live-action footage of quadrupedal modern animals, including elephants and giraffes.

Editing
Late into production, The Land Before Time underwent a severe cutting and editing of footage. Spielberg and Lucas thought that some scenes in the film would appear too dark and intense for young children. At a screening in Soho Square, London in late April 1988, six months before the film was completed, Spielberg told Bluth while looking at the scenes from the film: "It's too scary. We'll have kids crying in the lobby, and a lot of angry parents. You don't want that". A total of 19 fully animated shots from the sharptooth attack were cut from the final film. Examples can be seen in the storyboards of the chase sequence in the briar patch. POV shots of sharptooth's snapping jaws were deleted, and shots were rearranged to shorten the sequence. This results in continuity errors, depicting the Tyrannosaur with his right eye still open after it had been blinded.

Perhaps just weeks before the film's release, more than 10 additional minutes of footage was cut from the film by Spielberg "to be sure it would not disturb parents or their children", according to producer Gary Goldman, reducing the runtime from 80 to 82 minutes to just 69 minutes. Much of the cut footage also consisted of sequences of the five young dinosaurs in grave danger and distress. An extended scene involving the introduction of Spike was deleted, as was some of the "Green Food" sequence. Petrie's apparent death scene originally went longer, and was followed by a group hug where Littlefoot says "Now we'll always be together" (this line survives in the form of a Pizza Hut promotional advertisement for the film). The film's final act was also heavily altered and rearranged; originally, Littlefoot was to find the Great Valley on his own before turning back to rescue his friends, kill sharptooth, and enter the valley as a group. This ending survives in multiple book adaptations, and the music accompanying it still exists in the official soundtrack release. Some screams were re-voiced using milder exclamations. The scenes are believed to be destroyed, but some did make it into multiple advertisements and trailers created before the release of the film, and multiple stills can be found in storybook adaptations and press kits for the movie. Much of the unused music from the film score was meant to play over the deleted scenes. Many animation cels and drawings from the deleted scenes have surfaced on the internet.

Music
The music for The Land Before Time was composed by James Horner, who had previously provided the soundtrack for An American Tail, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Choir of King's College. An official soundtrack was released on audio cassette and vinyl record on November 21, 1988 and later on CD by MCA Records; it features seven tracks from the film: The Great Migration, Sharptooth and the Earthquake, Whispering Winds, If we Hold on Together, Foraging for Food, The Rescue/ Discovery of the Great Valley, and End Credits. The film's theme song "If We Hold on Together", written by Horner and Will Jennings, was sung by Diana Ross. It was released as the soundtrack's lead and only single on November 5 the same year, peaking at number 23 on the US adult contemporary charts; the song was later included on her 1991 album The Force Behind the Power. A digital version of the soundtrack was released on a number of services on January 22, 2013 by Geffen Records.

An expanded version of the soundtrack album was released by Intrada Records on October 27, 2020. The release featured newly remastered versions of the music on the original album, as well as 15 minutes of previously unreleased material.

Release
The Land Before Time opened on November 18, 1988. Attached to the film, Universal and Amblin issued Brad Bird's Family Dog short from their television anthology Amazing Stories.

Box office
During its opening weekend, the film opened at number one in the United States and Canada, grossing $7.5 million. By the end of its theatrical run, it had grossed $48.1 million at the US box office, slightly more than Don Bluth's previous film, An American Tail, but $5 million less than Oliver & Company which was released at the same time. Overall, The Land Before Time grossed $84.5 million worldwide.

Critical response
The Land Before Time holds approval rating from review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes from  critics, with the consensus: "Beautifully animated and genuinely endearing, The Land Before Time is sure to please dino-obsessed tykes, even if it's a little too cutesy for older viewers". Metacritic assigned a score of 66, based on reviews by 15 critics, signifying "Generally favorable reviews".

Critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert gave the film "two thumbs up" on a November 19, 1988, episode of their television program At the Movies. Siskel found it to be "sweet more than it was scary" and "quite beautiful", also praising its straightforward story and remarked that he would recommend it to children over Disney's Oliver and Company, released on the same day. In his own review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Ebert gave the film three out of four stars; he wrote, "I guess I sort of liked the film, although I wonder why it couldn't have spent more time on natural history and the sense of discovery, and less time on tragedy". Peter Travers of People magazine felt the film had an unclear audience: "The animation is fine. But the Stu Krieger screenplay contains violence that might be hard on the younger ones, [...] and a never-let-up cuteness that can turn minds of all ages to mush". Los Angeles Times writer Sheila Benson also stated that the film's enjoyment was limited to younger viewers, remarking "do dinosaurs really lend themselves to ootsie-cutesiness?" Hal Hinson of The Washington Post wrote "though it's not a great film, it is an entertaining and, at times, emotionally rich one".

Many reviewers compared The Land Before Time to films from Disney's Golden Age. Steven Rea of the Philadelphia Inquirer said that the film "looks and sounds as if it came out of the Disney Studios of the '40s or '50s. Which isn't necessarily a bad thing", calling it "meticulously crafted" but was also "mildly disappoint[ed]" that the dialog wasn't sophisticated as the older films were. In her review for the Sun-Sentinel, Candice Russel remarked, "The Land Before Time works by evoking the simple virtues of this art aimed at children, as it was in the beginning when Disney animated Mickey Mouse". A review from the Motion Picture Guide 1989 Annual noted that the film "has been called a sort of prehistoric Bambi". David Kehr from the Chicago Tribune felt that the film's title "also refers to the Disney past, but it goes for all the marbles. Its model is nothing less than the life-cycle saga of Bambi, and that Bluth gets even half the way there is proof of a major talent". Kehr gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars, calling it "as handsome and honest an animated feature as any produced since Walt Disney's death; it may even be the best".

Don Bluth's membership in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints influenced the themes of the film. In an interview with Church News he said, "Everything I do is centered around the gospel. Even our films are, although the secular world would never realize it". Randy Astle said that Littlefoot can be read as a Christ figure because of his special birth circumstances and position as a leader of his people. The journey to the Great Valley, which is to the west, mirrors that of the Mormon pioneers, who moved from fertile lands in the east to the arid and mountainous great basin. Astle concluded that "Littlefoot is both a Joseph Smith—he sees a pillar of light and receives heavenly visitors—and a Brigham Young –he leads his followers across the plains".

Accolades
The Land Before Time was nominated for "Best Family Animation or Fantasy Motion Picture" at the 10th annual Youth in Film Awards, losing out to Tim Burton's Beetlejuice. It received a nomination for "Best Fantasy Film" at the 16th Saturn Awards ceremony in 1990, beaten by Who Framed Roger Rabbit.

Home media
The Land Before Time was released on VHS by MCA Home Video on September 14, 1989, and on November 22, 1991, as well as LaserDisc in regular pan and scan and "Special Collector's Edition" CAV-play editions by MCA/Universal Home Video in North America, and CIC Video internationally. According to the book The Animated Films of Don Bluth, the original release had "very successful business" on the home video market, and included a promotional tie-in with Pizza Hut in North America, which was offering rubber hand puppets based on the film at the time. Pizza Hut also had its partnership with the film's VHS release in Australia. The VHS version was made available once more on February 20, 1996, under the Universal Family Features label, and was later packaged with following three films in the series as part of the Land Before Time Collection on December 4, 2001.

The film was released on DVD for the first time on April 30, 1997, and re-released on December 2, 2003, as the "Anniversary Edition" for the movie's 15th anniversary, which included games and sing-along songs. The Anniversary Edition was later included with An American Tail and Balto as a three-movie pack in November 2007. A widescreen Blu-ray version was available for the first time on October 13, 2015, which included digital HD and UltraViolet copies, which was accompanied by a new widescreen DVD release on the same day. The Blu-ray was re-released on January 15, 2019.

Legacy
The film generated 13 direct-to-video sequels, which differ from the original by adding "sing-along" musical numbers. Bluth, Spielberg, and Lucas have no affiliation with any of the film's sequels. The sequels have generally been met with mixed reception: many fans of the original disregarded the sequels, while others have embraced the sequels into the canon of the story.

In 2007, a television series was released in North America. It follows the style of the sequels in terms of the morality and the musical numbers (with some of the songs being shortened and reworked).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Land Before Time (film)


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Talk:Presidential Succession Act

Speaker as "Acting President"?
The article states that had Carl Albert, then Speaker of the House, become President upon the resignation of Richard Nixon, he would have become "acting President". Why is this correct? "Acting President" is a term of art arising from the 25th Amendment and refers to a position filled by the Vice President when the incumbent President is alive but has told the Cabinet that he is temporarily prevented by circumstances from exercising his responsibilities as President or has been determined by a two-thirds majority of the President to be incapable of doing such. There is nothing in the Presidential Succession Act to state that any person succeeding to the Presidency under its terms and provisions is anything less than "President of the United States"; "Acting President" as an operative, legal term did not exist prior to the ratification of the 25th Amendment almost two decades later. 2600:1004:B158:AC7B:EDBE:44D7:839:9422 (talk) 00:29, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

 * The current succession act actually states that any officer beyond the vice president who succeeds to the office of president under any circumstances is Acting President, even if the president is deceased, has resigned, or has been removed. Article II also makes clear that if the vice president is unable (or is vacant), then Congress shall by law declare who shall act as president. If there is no vice president, the office is officially left vacant until the next election, and someone in the line of succession has the powers and duties of president in the meantime. One can easily question the merits of this, but that's the way it is. Of course, this raises the question of what would happen if an acting president were to appoint a new vice president under the 25th amendment- one of many reasons the succession act is a mess. Mdewman6 (talk) 00:43, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

 * The 25th Amendment is very precise when it uses the terms "President" and "Acting President," so the best reading of the 25th Amendment is that an Acting President would not be able to appoint a Vice President (only a President may do so). Such conclusion is consistent not only with the 25th Amendment's text, but also the structure of the Constitution.

 * For example, if no presidential candidate obtains a majority of electoral votes, the House gets to elect the president from among the top three electoral vote recipients, and the vote of 26 state delegations (i.e., California's 53 Representatives vote to see who gets one vote from CA, and Vermont's sole Representative gets to cast one vote from VT) are necessary for election. If on January 20 there is a VP elect (either because a candidate got 270 VP EVs or because no one did but the Senate elected a VP from between the top two VP electoral vote recipients), the VP elect will be sworn in as VP at noon and then immediately take the oath of office as Acting President. Because of the careful language of the 25th Amendment that does not permit such Acting President to appoint a VP, we would avoid a situation in which a new VP is appointed and confirmed (by simple majorities of each house) and then, a week later, the House finally elects a President, there would be two VPs (with the rightful VP no longer being Acting President). A VP who is Acting President does not stop being the VP (although he would be constitutionally ineligible from presiding over the Senate), so there is no VP vacancy to fill.

 * With respect to the mess that would occur were a Speaker to become Acting President, there is a reason why James Madison warned Congress in 1792 not to place congressional officers in the Line of Succession. I believe that the best reading of Article II's provision that Congress shall determine by legislation which "Officer" shall act as president when there is a vacancy or incapacity in both the presidency and VP is that only Article II officers (such as Cabinet members) may be in the Line of Succession; and in any event the Speaker and President Pro Tem are not "Officers of the United States" under the Constitution and thus have no business being deemed "Officers" for purposes of such provision. Congress should fix that post haste (and return to the 1886-1947 Line of Succession), but, unfortunately, politics will get in the way of that. AuH2ORepublican (talk) 04:36, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * A Vice President who is also Acting President does not nominate a new Vice President. Section 2 of the 25A comes into play only when "there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President." A Vice President does not vacate his office when becoming Acting President, as opposed to when he succeeds to the office of President. An Acting President has the powers and duties of President temporarily attached to his current office (Vice President). A real life example of this is Dick Cheney. In 2002 and 2007, President George W. Bush invoked Section 3 of the 25A. This transferred the powers and duties of President to Vice President Cheney, making him Acting President. Cheney was still Vice President, although with the presidential powers and duties added temporarily, and so could nominate a new Vice President.
 * As for the President Succession Act of 1947, I agree that it is a mess. However, when dealing with the scenario of no President-elect or VP-elect Section 3 of the 20A controls. That provision provides that Congress can say by law "who" (as opposed to "what Officer") shall be Acting President when there is no President-elect or VP-elect to be sworn in on Inauguration Day. So in that scenario it is perfectly Constitutional for the Speaker to become Acting President, although I strongly disagree with it on policy grounds (e.g., possible party shift). SMP0328. (talk) 06:50, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Let's consider the scenario in which, prior to Inauguration Day, a Vice President gets elected and qualifies, but a President doesn't. The most likely situation would be that, somehow, a VP candidate got a majority of the electoral vote and/or was elected by the Senate, but no presidential candidate got a majority of the EV and the House failed to elect. (This scenario doesn't cover someone being elected as President who has not yet qualified but will eventually do so - not 35 at the time of inauguration, etc.)
 * So, at noon on January 20, the VP-elect takes the oath and "acts" as President until a President qualifies. How would a President subsequently qualify? The House constitutionally has only one opportunity to elect. (Article II, Amendment XII, Amendment XX) The Constitution refers to a President subsequently qualifying, but provides no mechanism for it. I read that as saying that the VP (by whatever title) would have the Presidential power for the remainder of the term. So are you arguing that that person would have no Amendment XXV power to nominate a Vice President? Could Congress confirm the VP/AP as Vice President, and, since the presidency is vacant, that person would become President without modifier? There are holes that the Constitution doesn't address, but that's certainly beyond the scope of a Wikipedia discussion. JTRH (talk) 12:45, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * The House would not only have one opportunity to elect; it would continue to have the power to choose a President from among the three candidates before it. The Vice President would continue to be Acting President until one of the following occurred: (1) the House chose a President (thus the chosen person would "qualify" to be President), (2) the presidential term ended, or (3) the VP/AP left office (died, removed, or resigned). SMP0328. (talk) 13:54, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

I agree that a vice president who is acting president under either the 20th or 25th amendments cannot appoint a vice president under the 25th amendment, because the vice presidency is not vacant- the vice president remains vice president while being acting president. In contrast, I think it's an open question of whether anyone who becomes acting president via the Presidential Succession Act can appoint a vice president. Such an acting president would derive his position from Article II Section 1 Clause 6, not the 25th amendment, so one could argue that he has all enumerated powers for the presidency under the constitution, including nominating a vice president. The question then becomes what would happen if this were to occur. One possibility is that one or both houses of Congress refuse to recognize the acting president's authority to do this and refuse to confirm the nominee, which would certainly be their prerogative. But what if the nominee is confirmed and becomes vice president? Technically, if the presidency is vacant due to a "case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation" then once could argue that upon confirmation the vice president would immediately succeed to the presidency via the 25th amendment. Alternatively, one could make a logic argument that Section 1 and Section 2 of the 25th amendment were never meant to interact in this manner, and Section 1 refers to a vice president in office at the time the "case" occurs. In the latter case, an acting president might be interested in reestablishing the line of succession, if Congress approves. If the former understanding were accepted, an acting president might nominate a new vice president to take over the presidency who would at least gain the ratification of Congress, seeing himself merely as a caretaker who should be in office only as long as necessary to navigate a crisis. Or, it's not completely far-fetched that an acting president would nominate himself as vice president in order to fully become president via the 25th amendment and gain the ratification of Congress. The problem with this latter interpretation goes back to Article II, which states that an acting president serving because the presidency is vacant (not a inability/disability) shall serve until a president be elected. The "bumping" provisions on the current Presidential Succession Act violate this, another of its many faults. Therefore, there is a cogent constitutional argument that a new vice president cannot succeed an acting president, except due to the acting president's own inability, death, removal, or resignation. (Of course, the 25th amendment does not directly address the possibility of disability on the part of the vice president or an acting president.)

As for the highly unlikely case of an acting president serving under the 20th amendment due to an inability of both a president-elect and a vice president-elect to qualify, or perhaps the death of a president-elect and the failure of the vice president to qualify, it's again unclear. I would argue that if a vice president-elect exists but cannot serve (say, because he is 34 years of age), then vice presidency is not vacant and an acting president cannot appoint a replacement vice president. If there is no vice president, for instance because the Senate did not choose one in a contingent election, then I would argue the acting president could certainly choose to nominate a vice president. The Senate could then either choose to confirm the acting president's choice (along with the House) or succeed in fulfilling its contingent election, or continue to do nothing. In this way, the technical constitutional powers of an acting president are checked in this case by Congress, as all these scenarios are political questions that may not be decided in the same way for every set of circumstances.

We are running a bit afoul of WP:forum here, but this is useful and important discussion. If anyone is aware of actual scholarly discussion of these issues (as opposed to these hypothetical thought experiments I have shared), or sources from the writing of the 25th amendment that demonstrates a consideration of them at the time, please share! Mdewman6 (talk) 19:23, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

Removal of presidential navigation templates
Not interested in starting an edit war over this. Please provide justifications from WP:NAV and WP:NAVBOX for your reversion. Upon reviewing the policy, it is unclear that using the president templates are extraneous and not preferable to the navigation template for Lists of acts of the United States Congress. -- CommonKnowledgeCreator (talk) 13:28, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I see that you are adding navboxes of presidents to several legislation related articles, and have re-added them here. Why bother discussing their value/relevancy. Drdpw (talk) 15:48, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Why bother discussing their value/relevancy. Not sure I understand your previous comment. I am contending that your reversion does not follow the criteria and recommendations of WP:NAV and WP:NAVBOX. The inclusion of the Presidential Succession Act article in the George Washington, Grover Cleveland, and Harry S. Truman navigation templates meets at least three of the criteria for good navboxes:
 * "All articles within a template relate to a single, coherent subject." As I noted in the discussion on my talk page: "Under the Presentment Clause of Article I, Section VII of the U.S. Constitution, a bill becomes a law only if: 1. The President signs the bill into law; 2. Congress overrides a presidential veto of the bill; 3. The President does not act on the bill within 10 days (Sundays and when Congress is out of session excepted)."
 * "The subject of the template should be mentioned in every article." Likewise, as I noted in the discussion on my talk page: "I can understand that not every article at present will mention the President, but that can very easily be changed."
 * "There should be a Wikipedia article on the subject of the template." Every President of the United States has a biography article and there is an article for each of their Presidencies.
 * By contrast, the Lists of acts of the United States Congress template does not even include the Presidential Succession Act article because the article itself is not a list of acts of Congress. The more relevant navigation templates are ones having to do with the President that signed the bill into law or the presidential administration that first effectuated the law. -- CommonKnowledgeCreator (talk) 16:34, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
 * No one has argued that these aren't good navboxes. The issue is that they add no value to this article.  The presidents themselves are already linked, and someone reading this article is unlikely to be looking for other links about those presidents.  Including the navboxes here is just clutter. Dan Bloch (talk) 17:59, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
 * ... someone reading this article is unlikely to be looking for other links about those presidents. Per WP:NAVBOX, one of the advantages of a navigation template is that "They provide an organized resource for readers who went through an article in some broad topic to find other articles on the same broad topic, rather than making those readers 'go fish' for articles wiki-linked in the text". I'm not persuaded that it is self-evident that someone reading the Presidential Succession Act article would be unlikely to be looking for information about the Presidents that signed the acts into law and the other decisions of their administrations. If someone interested in the history of U.S. public policy in general is reading an article about a specific law or policy enacted and effectuated by a specific presidential administration, it may very well be that such a reader would be interested in the other decisions of that presidential administration in general.
 * The presidents themselves are already linked... Including the navboxes here is just clutter. While the WP:NENAT section on "Individuals" notes that "Not every notable individual that has his or her own article ... needs a template or even a category named after them", it also states that "Templates for Presidents of the United States, in this case, navboxes, have enough articles about them or that are related to them for there to warrant a template." While WP:ATC recommends against including multiple templates in the same article that give the same information and templates that duplicate information already in included in the article body, the Washington, Cleveland, and Truman templates share only the link to the Presidential Succession Act article and are otherwise non-overlapping, and the Presidential Succession Act article includes only links to the biography articles rather than the Washington, Cleveland, and Truman presidency articles about their administrations.
 * To reiterate what I said in the discussion on my talk page, "I generally agree that biographical navboxes should be kept to articles about the President as a person, but for some presidential administrations, particularly during the 19th century when few administrations did much of long-term historical significance to how the federal government operates, I would argue instead that it would be unnecessary to create a separate navigation template for the administration." Also, "While I can appreciate that the length of some of these navigation templates will grow to the point where they should be broken into separate templates, that does not mean that the articles should not be included in navigation templates for presidential administrations. It just means that the templates should be split into separate templates. I've made similar arguments about articles related to Supreme Court cases. There is a need to keep articles related to U.S. public policy easily navigable, and in my experience, content issues in general with articles typically do not get addressed if they are only included on categories and lists." -- CommonKnowledgeCreator (talk) 19:57, 7 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but I don't see any additional arguments here. You say I'm not persuaded that it is self-evident that someone reading the Presidential Succession Act article would be unlikely to be looking for information about the Presidents that signed the acts into law and the other decisions of their administrations, but haven't given me any reason to think they would be.  Indeed, a casual reader (which is most of our readers) probably won't even notice who signed the bills into law, and will just be puzzled by these navboxes.
 * Aside from this, you've said that presidents should have navboxes and that there's no overlap between these three navboxes, but I agree with this. It wasn't part of my argument. And you've said that the templates shouldn't be split, which again I agree with. Dan Bloch (talk) 01:18, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but I don't see any additional arguments here. ... Indeed, a casual reader (which is most of our readers) probably won't even notice who signed the bills into law, and will just be puzzled by these navboxes. I did present additional arguments. I cited the WP:NENAT and WP:ATC policies because you argued that inclusion of the navboxes would qualify as clutter, but it is hardly clear that they are clutter per those WP:CLUTTER policies. I would add that you have presented your argument without evidence or citing a specific content or manual of style policy. Casual readers do skim articles as part of browsing the website, but I would note that browsing is what navigation templates help to facilitate so they do add value to the article for casual readers. Per WP:NAVBOX, three two of the other advantages of the navigation templates are:
 * That they are "[f]aster to navigate than a category";
 * That they "[give] immediate information to equivalent elements"; and
 * "They provide an organized resource for readers who went through an article in some broad topic to find other articles on the same broad topic, rather than making those readers 'go fish' for articles wiki-linked in the text or in the 'See also' section."
 * Additionally, including the presidential navigation templates is an improvement over including the Lists of acts of the United States Congress navigation template that the Presidential Succession Act article was not even included in because the presidential navigation templates are more directly related to the article than lists of every act passed by Congress. Perhaps you don't feel that a reader would be interested, but I would reiterate my other additional argument that "If someone interested in the history of U.S. public policy in general is reading an article about a specific law or policy enacted and effectuated by a specific presidential administration, it may very well be that such a reader would be interested in the other decisions of that presidential administration in general." I am also skeptical that a casual reader would be puzzled at the inclusion of the templates on an article about a U.S. federal law, unless they are completely unfamiliar with how U.S. federal laws are enacted in the first place. However, even if that is the case, I do not believe that is a justification for removing them; the reader can simply open the templates if they are puzzled. -- CommonKnowledgeCreator (talk) 14:12, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
 * That is well and good, but not a justification for including the presidents's navboxes in this article. In general, biographical navboxes do not belong in legislation articles. Anyone reading this article who desires broader information about the presidents that signed the acts into law or the other decisions of their administrations can simply click on the inline link to the president. This holds true for the sponsors of the legislation, and various other individuals connected to this subject. Drdpw (talk) 16:06, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
 * That is well and good, but not a justification for including the presidents's navboxes in this article. In general, biographical navboxes do not belong in legislation articles. Anyone reading this article who desires broader information about the presidents that signed the acts into law or the other decisions of their administrations can simply click on the inline link to the president. Per the recommendations about the advantages of navigation templates and criteria for good navigation templates that I've already cited, I would argue that your assertion that presidential administration navigation templates do not belong in articles about legislation is inconsistent with the WP:NAVBOX policy. To reiterate, the in-line links are to the biography articles and not the presidency articles, and creating separate navigation templates for presidential administrations separate from biography navigation templates for certain presidential administrations would probably qualify as clutter per WP:NENAT and WP:ATC. Your assertions are also made without reference to any content or manual of style policy. -- CommonKnowledgeCreator (talk) 20:39, 8 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Since there's no consensus that these navboxes should be added, I've removed them from the article. Dan Bloch (talk) 03:35, 11 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you. If there were a navbox for 'United States presidential succession law' or perhaps even a more general 'United States presidential succession' navbox, that would be an appropriate navbox for this article. Drdpw (talk) 14:12, 11 February 2024 (UTC)

''

title: Talk:Presidential Succession Act


text:
Stamatios Kleanthis

Stamatios or Stamatis Kleanthis (Σταμάτιος or Σταμάτης Κλεάνθης; 1802–1862) was a Greek architect.

Biography
Stamatios Kleanthis was born to a Macedonian Greek family in the town of Velventos in Kozani, Macedonia in 1802. As a youth he moved to Bucharest where he studied at the Greek School. On 1821, as member of the Sacred Band, he fought in the insurrection against the Turks led by Alexander Ypsilanti and was captured at the Battle of Dragashani. After escaping, he traveled to Vienna, and then to Leipzig, where he studied architecture. Afterwards he pursued his studies further in Berlin with Karl Friedrich Schinkel.

After graduation, he returned with his colleague and friend Eduard Schaubert to Greece, where they were appointed public engineers by Ioannis Kapodistrias. On 1832 they created a new city plan for Athens, which included wide avenues, gardens and grand public buildings and gave the first street names in Athens. The plan was however simplified by Leo von Klenze, as it was considered too expensive. After disagreements with the administration, Kleanthis resigned his position.

Kleanthis gained great wealth not only through architecture, but also through the marble quarries he operated on the island of Paros. Marble from his quarries received a gold medal at the London Great Exhibition in 1851.

On 1862 he was seriously injured in an accident in a quarry and he was transported to Athens, where he died.

Kleanthis designed many important buildings in Athens, including the Duchess of Plaisance's mansion in Penteli, Rododafni Castle and Villa Ilissia (today the Byzantine & Christian Museum of Athens). The University of Athens was initially accommodated in his house in Plaka, which now houses the Athens University Museum.

title: Stamatios Kleanthis


text:
Hélène Grimaud

Hélène Rose Paule Grimaud (born 7 November 1969) is a French classical pianist and the founder of the Wolf Conservation Center in South Salem, New York.

Early life and education
Grimaud was born in Aix-en-Provence, France, the daughter of teachers Claude and Josette Grimaud (née Cirelli). She described family nationalities in a New York Times interview with John Rockwell: "My father came from a background of Sephardi Jews in Africa, and my mother's ancestors were Jewish Berbers from Corsica." Her father was adopted as a child by a French family and he became a university tutor teaching languages. According to Luc Antonini the name Grimaud is typical of the region of Trets in Provence. She discovered the piano at seven. In 1982, she entered the Conservatoire de Paris, where she studied with Jacques Rouvier. In 1985, she won 1st Prize at the Conservatory and the Grand Prix du Disque of the Académie Charles Cros for her recording of the Rachmaninoff Piano Sonata No. 2.

She experiences synesthesia, where one physical sense adds to another, in her case seeing music as colour, which helps her with memorising music scores.

Career
Grimaud has established herself not only as a virtuoso pianist, but also as a committed wildlife conservationist, a human rights activist and as a writer.

She began her piano studies at the local conservatory with Jacqueline Courtin before going on to work with Pierre Barbizet in Marseille. She was accepted into the Paris Conservatoire at just 13 and won first prize in piano performance three years later. She continued to study with György Sándor and Leon Fleisher until, in 1987, she gave her well-received debut recital in Tokyo. That same year, renowned conductor Daniel Barenboim invited her to perform with the Orchestre de Paris.

She debuted in 1995 with the Berliner Philharmoniker under Claudio Abbado and with the New York Philharmonic under Kurt Masur in 1999. It was around this time that Grimaud established the Wolf Conservation Center in South Salem, New York.

Her love for the endangered species was sparked by a chance encounter with a wolf in northern Florida; this led to her determination to open an environmental education centre. "When you look at a wolf in the eye, you establish a connection," Ms. Grimaud said. "Hearing about wolves and seeing a wolf are two very different things. It’s about accomplishing the goals of outreach — building a bridge of understanding to our counterparts in the wild — and environmental conservation. If you call me an activist, I’m happy." In addition, she is also a member of the organisation Musicians for Human Rights, a worldwide network of musicians and people working in the field of music to promote a culture of human rights and social change.

Grimaud has also published four books that have appeared in various languages. Her first, Variations Sauvages, appeared in 2003. It was followed in 2005 by Leçons particulières, and in 2013 by Retour à Salem, both semi-autobiographical novels. In 2023 she published Renaître on Albin Michel.

She tours extensively as a soloist and recitalist. A committed chamber musician, she has also performed at the most prestigious festivals and cultural events with a wide range of musical collaborators, including Sol Gabetta, Rolando Villazón, Jan Vogler, Truls Mørk, Clemens Hagen, Gidon Kremer, Gil Shaham and the Capuçon brothers. Her contribution to and impact on the world of classical music were recognised by the French government when she was admitted into the Ordre National de la Légion d’Honneur (France's highest decoration) at the rank of Chevalier (Knight).

Grimaud has been an exclusive Deutsche Grammophon artist since 2002. Her recordings have been critically acclaimed and awarded numerous accolades, among them the Cannes Classical Recording of the Year, Choc du Monde de la musique, Diapason d’or, Grand Prix du disque, Record Academy Prize (Tokyo), Midem Classic Award and the Echo Klassik Award.

Her early recordings include Credo and Reflection (both of which feature a number of thematically linked works); a Chopin and Rachmaninov Sonatas disc; a Bartók CD on which she plays the Third Piano Concerto with the London Symphony Orchestra and Pierre Boulez; a Beethoven disc with the Staatskapelle Dresden and Vladimir Jurowski which was chosen as one of history's greatest classical music albums in the iTunes "Classical Essentials" series; a selection of Bach’s solo and concerto works, in which she directed the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen from the piano; and a DVD release of Rachmaninov’s Second Piano Concerto with the Lucerne Festival Orchestra and Claudio Abbado.

In 2010 Grimaud recorded the solo recital album Resonances, showcasing music by Mozart, Berg, Liszt and Bartók. This was followed in 2011 by a disc featuring her readings of Mozart’s Piano Concertos Nos. 19 and 23 as well as a collaboration with singer Mojca Erdmann in the same composer’s Ch’io mi scordi di te?. Her next release, Duo, recorded with cellist Sol Gabetta, won the 2013 Echo Klassik Award for "chamber recording of the year", and her album of the two Brahms piano concertos, the First recorded with Andris Nelsons and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Second with Nelsons and the Vienna Philharmonic, appeared in September 2013.

This was followed by Water (January 2016), a live recording of performances from tears become… streams become…, the critically-acclaimed large-scale immersive installation at New York's Park Avenue Armory created by Turner Prize-winning artist Douglas Gordon in collaboration with Grimaud. Water features works by nine composers: Berio, Takemitsu, Fauré, Ravel, Albéniz, Liszt, Janáček, Debussy and Nitin Sawhney, who wrote seven short Water Transitions for the album as well as producing it. April 2017 then saw the release of Perspectives, a two-disc personal selection of highlights from her DG catalogue, including two "encores" – Brahms's Waltz in A flat and Sgambati's arrangement of Gluck’s "Dance of the Blessed Spirits" – previously unreleased on CD/via streaming.

Grimaud's next album, Memory, was released in September 2018. Exploring music's ability to bring the past back to life, it comprises a selection of evanescent miniatures by Chopin, Debussy, Satie and Valentin Silvestrov which, in the pianist's own words, "conjure atmospheres of fragile reflection, a mirage of what was – or what could have been".

For her 2020 recording, The Messenger, Grimaud has created an intriguing dialogue between Silvestrov and Mozart. "I was always interested in couplings that were not predictable," she explains, "because I feel as if certain pieces can shed a special light on to one another." She is joined by the Camerata Salzburg in Mozart's Piano Concerto K466 and Silvestrov's Two Dialogues with Postscript and The Messenger – 1996, of which she also performs a solo version. Completing the programme are Mozart's Fantasias K397 and K475. The Messenger was released on 2 October 2020.

In 2023 Hélène released Silent Songs paying homage to Ukraine’s greatest living composer with an album of songs by Valentin Silvestrov. Joined by the young baritone Konstantin Krimmel, winner of the 2018 International Helmut Deutsch Lied Competition, Grimaud presents the gentle music and quiet nostalgia of some of the most exquisitely beautiful poetry ever written.

Following Silent Songs is For Clara - another album on Deutsche Grammophon on which she pairs Robert Schumann’s Kreisleriana with music by his protégé, Johannes Brahms. This includes a set of songs in which Brahms distilled his unrequited love for Schumann’s widow Clara, and for which Grimaud is partnered by baritone Konstantin Krimmel.

Forthcoming highlights of Grimaud’s '23/'24 schedule include performances of Brahms’s Piano Concerto No. 1 with the London Philharmonic Orchestra across Europe (October/November) and with the Orchestre Philharmonique du Luxembourg (October) as part of her season-long residency at the Philharmonie Luxembourg; Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 20 with The Philadelphia Orchestra and Yannick Nézet-Séguin (December); recitals in Boston, Atlanta, Chicago and Toronto (January/February); and performances with Camerata Salzburg (with whom she embarks on a new artistic partnership in the 2023-24 season) of the Schumann Piano Concerto at the Vienna Konzerthaus, Dresden Music Festival, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Festival (together with Beethoven’s Fourth Piano Concerto) and Évian Festival (May/June). Following on from the success of Silent Songs, she and Konstantin Krimmel will perform songs from Silvestrov’s cycle in Luxembourg and Dortmund (June).

Critical reception
Critics have praised Grimaud's willingness to reinterpret works and take chances, and compared her to Glenn Gould: Grimaud doesn't sound like most pianists: she is a rubato artist, a reinventor of phrasings, a taker of chances. "A wrong note that is played out of élan, you hear it differently than one that is played out of fear," she says. She admires the "more extreme players . . . people who wouldn't be afraid to play their conception to the end." Her two overriding characteristics are independence and drive, and her performances attempt, whenever possible, to shake up conventional pianistic wisdom. Brian Levine, the executive director of the Glenn Gould Foundation, sees in Grimaud a resemblance to Gould: "She has this willingness to take a piece of music apart and free herself from the general body of practice that has grown up around it."

Personal life
In 1991, at age 21, Grimaud moved to Tallahassee, Florida. In 1997, she settled in Westchester County, north of New York City. After some time spent in Berlin, she took up residence in Weggis, near Luzern, Switzerland.

She has a passion for wolves and wolf conservation. She now divides her time between her musical career and the Wolf Conservation Center in South Salem, New York.

Grimaud lives with her partner, the German photographer Mat Hennek, in California and Upstate New York.

Honours

 * Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2002).
 * National Order of Merit (France) (16 May 2008).
 * Legion of Honour (3 April 2015).

Discography
On Denon
 * Rachmaninoff Piano Sonata No. 2, Études-Tableaux, Op. 33 (1986)
 * Chopin Ballade No. 1, Liszt Après une Lecture de Dante, Schumann Sonata for Piano (1987)
 * Schumann Kreisleriana, Brahms Piano Sonata No. 2 (1989)
 * Brahms Piano Sonata No. 3, Klavierstücke (1992)
 * Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 2, Ravel Piano Concerto (1993)

On Erato
 * Schumann Piano Concerto, Richard Strauss Burleske (1995)
 * Brahms Piano Pieces Op. 116–119 (1996)
 * Gershwin Piano Concerto, Ravel Piano Concerto in G (1997)
 * Brahms Piano Concerto No. 1 (1998)

On Teldec
 * Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 4, Piano Sonata No. 30, Piano Sonata No. 31 (1999)
 * Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 2, Prelude Op. 32/12, Études-Tableaux Op. 33/1, 2 and 9, Variations on a Theme of Corelli (2001)

On Deutsche Grammophon
 * Credo John Corigliano Fantasia on an Ostinato, Beethoven Piano Sonata No. 17 "Tempest", Choral Fantasy, Arvo Pärt Credo (2003)
 * Chopin | Rachmaninoff (2005)
 * Bartók Piano Concerto No. 3, with Pierre Boulez and the London Symphony Orchestra (2005)
 * Reflection Schumann Piano Concerto, Various by Brahms and Clara Schumann (2006)
 * Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 5 "Emperor", Piano Sonata No. 28 (2007)
 * Bach Various (2008)
 * Resonances Mozart: Sonata No. 8, Berg: Sonata op.1, Liszt: Sonata in B minor, Bartok: Romanian Folk Dances (2010)
 * Mozart Piano Concerto No. 19, Piano Concerto No. 23, Ch'io mi scordi di te? (with Mojca Erdmann, soprano) (2011)
 * Duo (with Sol Gabetta, cello) Works by Schumann, Brahms, Debussy, and Shostakovich (2012)
 * Brahms Piano Concertos Nos. 1 & 2 with the Bavarian Radio SO and Vienna PO, conducted by Andris Nelsons (2013)
 * Water Various (with Nitin Sawhney) (2016)
 * Memory Debussy (including "Clair de Lune"), Satie, Chopin, Silvestrov, Sawhney (2018)
 * The Messenger Mozart, Silvestrov with Camerata Salzburg (2020)
 * Silent Songs Valentin Silvestrov, with Konstantin Krimmel (2023)
 * For Clara Valentin Silvestrov, with Konstantin Krimmel, Schumann Kreisleriana, Op. 16, Brahms 3 Intermezzi, Op. 117, 9 Lieder und Gesänge, Op. 32 (2023)

On Philips
 * Schumann Sonata for Violin and Piano in A minor, Op. 105, Gidon Kremer violin and Helene Grimaud piano. Recording date: 7/1989. Release: Lockenhaus Festival 1982–1992 A Decade of Music-Making (1997)

On ACA Digital Recording, Inc
 * Bassoon Music Of The Americas, Composers on Bassoon Music Of The Americas: Alvin Etler, Valdir Azevedo, Jose Siqueira, Magda Santos/Pó, Pixinguinha, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Willson Osborne. Jeff Keesecker – bassoon and Hélène Grimaud – piano (2002)

title: Hélène Grimaud


text:
User talk:Stenbh

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 21:37, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stenbh


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Field crumpets (0th nomination)

Field crumpets
Cute, but non-notable. We've had a couple of these made up sports before on VfD. Maybe we should start collecting them somewhere? A couple of them have sounded really fun. --Woggly 21:38, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. A search of a library New York Times 1851-2001 database yields Searching for "field crumpets" did not find any documents. A search of a New York Times 2000-present database yields "Sorry. There are no articles that contain all the keywords you entered." The website's citations for Crumpets in the news are not impressive. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 02:13, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Hoax of some dude's passtime. Geogre 05:08, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep for now. If we delete this while people on different campuses are playing this preposterous game, we ought to reconsider the Eton_Wall_Game which is only ever played by Eton school pupils "on a strip of ground 5 meters wide and 110 meters long just beside a slightly curved brick wall...which was erected in 1717." --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 06:08, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Please, stop the "race to the bottom." The existence of inappropriate articles in Wikipedia should not be used as a reason for keeping other inappropriate articles, unless it can be shown that the article in Wikipedia is there as a result of a documented policy decision. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:27, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, let's delete Eton Wall Game, because a game played for three hundred years at a school attended by many of the most important people in British history is exactly the same as some badmition variation invented by two high school students in the midwest less than a decade ago. Gamaliel 02:00, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. And the Eton_Wall_Game, it should be pointed out, has the Harry Potter connection. --Calton 15:51, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, and we're going to keep Shakespeare because of the "West Side Story" connection! :) --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 01:51, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't be ridiculous, we're keeping Shakespeare because of the Leonardo DiCaprio connection --Calton 21:18, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 01:44, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Incidentally, the text of the article is pretty much the same as the text here.  Gamaliel 02:00, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Indrian 18:42, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Why don't we make up a game, and put it on Wikipedia? It's called Delete the vanity articles --Improv 22:43, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Xtreme! 01:21, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Note that this user made his first edit about 2 hours before this one, and seems to have had keen interest in the VfD page for a newbie.  [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 01:39, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Boby~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 21:38, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:FamousBG.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:FamousBG.JPG. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you can claim fair use use or fairuse. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by going to "Your contributions" from your user page and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thanks so much. --Sherool (talk) 01:05, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Droits d'auteur bulgare
Bonjour,

Etant donné que tu es Bulgare, je me permets de te demander un conseil. Voilà j’aimerais ajouter sur Wikipedia Commons des timbres bulgares datant de 1944, une pièce de monnaie de 1934 et un billet de banque de 1936 mais je ne connais pas leurs licences. Est-ce que tu pourrais m’informer sur les droits d’auteur bulgare ? Je te remercie par avance. Polaert 09:49, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Boby. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Boby~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:09, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Boby~enwiki


text:
Talk:John Dunmore Lang

Other ships
It seems that Dr Lang addressed the passengers of "Hyderabad", which left London Sep 1852 for Melbourne. There may have been a later ship he was involved with too. (mentioned in trove 25 Dec 1852) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.171.184.161 (talk) 16:44, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

Untitled
Adam, you have repeatedly deleted the following information from this article:

 * "Lang visited the United States in 1840, where he met President Martin Van Buren."

 * "When Lang died of a stroke on August 8, 1878, his funeral, two days later, was the 'largest ever seen in Australia' - a funeral procession over a mile in length, led by 500 Chinese."

Are you disputing the accuracy of these items, or are you making an ostentatious display of contempt for the Wikipedia NPOV policy?

--Herschelkrustofsky 21:38, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

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User talk:Concord

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Apollonia
Hey, it would be both pleasant and good if you could help me translate a little german text on article Apollonia (city) into english. Thank you in advance! --Albanau 18:15, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

German Chemical tables
Hello concord. I have a favour to ask since you can speak both german and english. Can you translate the chemical information box from this page:Lysin. Maybe you could copy the table to a page like User:Borb/Table and then fill in the bits on the right with english translations of the bits from the left. Its so I can copy some of the chemical data from the german wikipedia. Thankyou very much. Can you drop a note on my talk page if you do it please. Borb 3 July 2005 18:25 (UTC)

Oberschule zum Dom
Found them today in this WP!--Kresspahl 18:49, 30 March 2006 (UTC) PS: Do you use www.skype.com ? in this case we could have Lübeck related editorial conferences once in a while and include up two others for free. You only need a headset. --Kresspahl 07:50, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Hello Concord - as requested I've copied the image of Englefield Church to the commons. WyrdLight —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wyrdlight (talk • contribs) 15:23, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

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Speedy deletion nomination of Ulrich Behr-Negendank-Semlow

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 * That's ok. It was an error. --Concord (talk) 16:17, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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A beer for you!
Thank you! What a nice surprise! --Concord (talk) 21:53, 24 December 2015 (UTC)

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 * I removed db-context because the title is clearly about a high school. The redirect is to a red link, so I think that the redirect should be removed until an article about the high school is created. Eastmain (talk • contribs) 04:59, 13 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks. This was intended for de. I ended up in the wrong language... Sorry. --Concord (talk) 13:59, 13 February 2019 (UTC)

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Talk:Health Level 7

For a previous deletion debate on this article, please see Votes for deletion/HL7.

Shouldn't "HL7" be a Redirect to "Health Level 7". It is currently backwards, IMO.

Clarification
In the article, "HL7" appears to be a single organization and multiple organizations at the same time. This, and that fact that it is also a technical standard, make it difficult for the unfamiliar - like myself - to grasp what it is. If "HL7" has multiple meanings, that should be stated prior to giving the meanings. Can anyone more familiar with this suggest a change? Edwardian 15:38, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * HL7 is one organisation. Then there are several national user groups. Then there are the standards, or specifictions in HL7 lingo, namely HL7 2.2, HL7 2.3, HL7 2.3.1, HL7 2.4, HL7 2.5, HL7 3.0, CDA, and CCOW. --Pjacobi 15:50, 2005 Apr 21 (UTC)

 * National user groups are called "International Affiliates", which may include a paid Secretariat, similar to HL7 HQ in Ann Arbor.

 * HL7 is also described as a "language" in this article. Lyle 21:26, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

How to obtain free copy of version 2
Your article references that versions prior to 3 can be obtained free of charge. Can you tell me where I could get a copy?

Thanks Rick

rick@hi-techsoftware.com

 * I don't believe v2 docs are free of charge. See hl7.org, you can purchase documents there Lyle 21:26, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

arden syntax
Arden styntax is not as useful as purported. really, it is just an academic exercise.

 * There are some commercial applications, but based on how well known it is I would not debate your first sentence. Lyle 21:26, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Neutral POV
This article is strongly worded towards a non-neutral POV. If I was a stronger Wikipedian, I would tag this as non-neutral. Lewisham 03:57, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:HL7.gif
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Verbatim text
The second and third paragraphs of this article (those that begin "HL7's Mission" and "HL7's Strategies") and at least a couple of sections ("Stated goals of HL7" and "Involvement with HIPAA") are copied verbatim from the hl7.org website (see here and here). I'm no copyright expert, but I don't think this is permitted at WP, is it?

Also, it's not clear to me if this article is supposed to be about the non-profit organization Health Level Seven, Inc. or about the concept of HL7. Aside from the verbatim text I cite above, much of the rest of the article seems to paraphrase the content of the hl7.org website.

I'm no HL7 expert, otherwise I would be willing to rework the article to WP standards. Do we have any experts out there? --Sanfranman59 20:03, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with you and have started to clean up the article; I hope my initial effort is an improvement. I also removed some cited facts that point to sources that do not support the claims, and noted some facts that need citations.  While I do not disagree with most of them, I have been unable to find any sources for those I noted.  If I can't find sources I will remove the uncited facts;  If the original authors can help find current citations I'd appreciate it.  There is a lot of information on HL7 missing; I am working to summarize and organize the information before making further edits. Randyest

Minimal Lower Layer Protocol
The page Minimal Lower Layer Protocol redirects here, but this page contains no information about MLLP. --220.233.33.170 02:17, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Rewrite
The article has been reorganized.. and duplicate material ahs been removed. 85.144.186.105 (talk) 08:07, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Weird date format
In the section on Finland it says "Phased deployment is scheduled for 2008-2011." What does that mean? 20th of November 2008? Why the weird format?

"Mon-Fri", "0-9", "a-z", Albert Einstein (1879-1955)!!! "English" - an encrypted language designed to be understood by everyone other than those researching Finland!203.206.203.40 (talk) 02:25, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

V3 Messaging subsection contains no information on messaging
The tile of this subsection is misleading, as the text contains no discussion of messaging at all. I've renamed the subsection to better reflect its contents. A subsection that discusses messaging (e.g., using XML) should still be written. Ross Fraser (talk) 01:05, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Why 7?
I'm tired so may have missed this, but I can't see an explanation of the name anywhere in the article. Why "Health Level 7"? Were there 6 earlier levels or something? 81.159.61.104 (talk) 02:28, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Good point. It's like we're in seventh heaven :). It's a now anachronistic reference to OSI 7-layer model: layer 7 is Application Layer. Gschadow (talk) 23:48, 28 September 2008 (UTC)

Academic resources of HL7....
--222.64.214.234 (talk) 09:03, 9 April 2010 (UTC)
 * http://scholar.google.com.hk/scholar?as_q=health+level+7&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=title&as_sauthors=&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_sdt=1.&as_sdtp=on&as_sdts=5&hl=en

ISOs....
--222.64.214.234 (talk) 10:26, 9 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Talk:Electronic medical record

Hurricane Katrina?
It might be too soon to make jokes about Katrina, but let's not make a joke of HL7 by association.203.206.203.40 (talk) 02:52, 13 September 2011 (UTC)

Edifact based?
The section V2.x Messaging seems to describe the EDIFACT standard, but this is not explicitly stated. Is it just a similarity or there's EDIFACT behind HL7? In the second case I think it should be said clearly. --Ale85 (talk) 11:36, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

HL7 v2.x used by all major vendors in the US?
In the section under "HL7 v2.x", there is a sentence stating:- Currently, the HL7 v2.x messaging standard is supported by every major medical information systems vendor in the United States

However after following the link provided, the source only indicates that HL7 is used by every major vendor, not that HL7 v2.x is used. This should be corrected. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.101.136.224 (talk) 20:53, 2 June 2015 (UTC)

Need separate articles for the organization and the standard
This article needs to be split into separate articles for the organization/affiliates and the standards. Obankston (talk) 17:36, 16 September 2012 (UTC)
 * For the organization article, determine what the article names will be, and what the redirects will be among HL7, Health Level Seven, Health Level Seven International, the redirects for the affiliates, etc. Use an infobox with the logo (e.g., Template:Infobox organization).
 * For the separate standards article, there need to be redirects for the applicable ISO standards (e.g., ISO/HL7 21731, ISO 21731, etc.) to this article.
 * For both articles, a hatnote cross-references to the other article.
 * For both articles, the publisher included in the footnotes needs to point to the organization article, not the standards article.
 * Separate Health Level Seven International page has been created to discuss the organization. This page will focus on its standards/specifications. Tertius3 (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 10:21, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

International HL7 Interoperability Conference 2013
Some information could be included about Australia hosting the International HL7 Interoperability Conference in 2013. Information about this event is available at the HL7 Australia website http://www.hl7.org.au/ The conference is being held 28th - 30th October in Sydney. Proposed themes for the 2013 program include: HL7/FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources), CDA implementation and innovation, Leveraging HL7v2.x investment, and Emerging developments: CIMI, clinical terminology & semantic web. Australian viewers of this wikipedia page could find this information helpful if they wish to attend. Katey Harris (talk) 02:57, 26 March 2013 (UTC)

Description of ANSI is Incorrect
This statement '''HL7 is one of several American National Standards Institute accredited Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs) operating in the healthcare arena. Most SDOs produce standards (sometimes called specifications or protocols) for a particular healthcare domain such as pharmacy, medical devices, imaging or insurance (claims processing) transactions.''' is not correct. ANSI has to do with much more than the healthcare domain. Buchskj (talk) 15:50, 13 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Added "of these" to the sentence to clarify this issue. Obankston (talk) 18:38, 1 September 2013 (UTC)

Removal of section about country specific use

 * As per the suggestion above the old page was split into two: one dealing with the organiation, another (this one) with its standards. The section about country specific usage mixes organizational descriptions (of country HL7 organizations), with descriptions of healthcare interoperability projects, and country specific usage of standards. Suggestions is for those country organizations to either create their own page, or to add country specific aspects to one of the two new pages. I'm aware however that some may wish to retain the old low quality wording - problem is that there is not one single author with the knowledge to edit/revise all of these country specific descriptions Tertius3 (talk) 10:41, 14 May 2014 (UTC)

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