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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of people by first name

List of people by first name was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

List of people by first name
This page was nominated for VfD September 2003 and survived with no consensus (see Talk:List of people by first name). Since then, it's been a pretty crummy article. For example, it played host to vandalism for nearly a year before anyone noticed. I believe we ought to reconsider deletion because the article is unmaintainable, and better served by lists on first name articles (ie Fred). If someone did update this list, it would almost certainly exceed 32 kB and be a collection of links. As is, it's trash, so let's get rid of it. Cool Hand Luke  07:17, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete this and many other lists.  ~leif ☺ HELO 07:32, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Serves no purpose, unmaintained.  Willmcw 08:52, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, doesn't seem useful, can't be properly maintained. Let's use the Special:Allpages/Firstname links for these. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 09:03, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -Skysmith 10:17, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Clearly not an article that has proven useful, and not one that anyone has made a serious attempt to cleanup.  This is actually a mercifully short list (given the near-infinite capacity of the subject) composed mostly of Americans, peppered with fictional entities (Barney Rubble,  Barney Fife, Fred Flintstone) and the odd English person (Posh Spice, whose first name is actually Victoria, Fred Hoyle, George Eliot) thrown in for good measure. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 12:28, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- a monstrous waste of everyones time. List of people by height would be cool, though.  -- GWO 16:52, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete dulicates other efforts; not useful ike9898 18:13, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If it hasn't become encyclopedic yet, it's not going to. No potential to become encyclopedic. GWO is unimaginative. I want to see List of people by watchband size, List of people by number of chromosomes, and List of people by odor. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 20:42, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't forget List of people that have power mirrors. Er, never mind, obscure VfD joke. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  ]] 22:29, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Dpbsmith is unimaginative. We need List of people by date of first alt.quotations contribution.  It's the only criterion that matters. -- GWO
 * Delete. Though List of people by hair color, ranked by shade, might be cool. --Calton 21:04, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 00:02, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Too prone to vandalism.  Everyone who reads it will wonder why their first name isn't there.  And the list is pretty minimal in the scheme of first names.  --Idont Havaname 01:08, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, as if it matters how I vote now. [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 00:00, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Or re-work it into an elaborate spoof (e.g. Boy George gets listed under "Boy".) But if that's unworkable, then just delete. P Ingerson 03:11, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article clearly needs to be removed. The Wikipedia criterion that a page should be deleted if it "contains only a collection of links" applies here. Alex Carlin 18:44 5 Dec 2004
 * Delete. I don't have anything to add, I just like unanimity. Ashibaka tlk 03:09, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Joe Ely Carrales

Joe Ely Carrales was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Joe Ely Carrales
Vanity page allegedly authored by Joe Ely Carrales (User:Jecarrales). He sounds like a decent, honest, hard-working family guy, but unfortunately, non-notable. --Viriditas 12:44, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: As before, vanity page, or at least not a notable author/researcher. Geogre 15:40, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Gene Rychlak

Eugène Rychlak Jr. (1968 – 26 July 2019) was a powerlifter from the United States, who specialized in the bench press. He was the first man to perform a bench press of over both 900 lb and 1000 lb. He was also the founder of the Revolution Powerlifting Syndicate (RPS) powerlifting federation.

Career
Rychlak's bodyweight was in excess of 345 lb (156 kg). Rychlak previously held the record for the world's heaviest equipped bench press of 1010 lb (457 kg) December 16, 2006 in Lake George, NY. This record is now held by Ryan Kennelly, who has lifted 1075 lbs in the same lift.

At the 2005 Mr. Olympia bodybuilding competition, Rychlak attempted to break his own record by pressing 1015 lb (460 kg). Rychlak was unable to complete the press, and despite having several spotters around him, the weight fell onto his body. Rychlak suffered no serious injuries from the accident.

Rychlak has also squatted 1005 lb in competition.

Death
Gene Rychlak died on July 26, 2019, due to a heart condition.

title: Gene Rychlak


text: User talk:69.42.2.168

title: User talk:69.42.2.168


text: User talk:83.29.11.3

title: User talk:83.29.11.3


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Talk:Gulzar Singh Cheema

Untitled
Not that I know where to find information to corroborate this, but I am quite sure that there have been others who have served in legislatures from different provinces -- Jord 07:24, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It's possible ... but, for the post-Confederation period, I'm unable to think of anyone else who has done so. CJCurrie 20:14, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 18:04, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gulzar Singh Cheema


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Gerry Studds

Gerry Eastman Studds (May 12, 1937 – October 14, 2006) was an American Democratic Congressman from Massachusetts who served from 1973 until 1997. He was the first member of Congress to be openly gay. In 1983 he was censured by the House of Representatives after he admitted to what he described as a "consensual relationship" with a 17-year-old page.

Early life and career
Gerry Studds was born in Mineola, New York to Elbridge Gerry Eastman Studds (an architect who helped design the FDR Drive in New York City) and the former Beatrice Murphy. He had a brother, Colin Studds, and a sister, Gaynor (Studds) Stewart. Through his father, he was a descendant of Elbridge Gerry, who served as the vice president of the United States and the governor of Massachusetts in the 1810s.

Studds obtained a full scholarship to Yale University, receiving a bachelor's degree in history in 1959 and a master's degree in 1961. While at Yale, he was a member of St. Anthony Hall. After graduating, he served in the United States Foreign Service and the Kennedy White House, where he helped develop the Peace Corps.

From 1965 to 1969, Studds taught history and politics at St. Paul's School, a prep school in New Hampshire. He attracted a following of progressive students; the official school history described him as "a lightning rod for student discontent[]." Guided by Studds, 182 upperclassmen wrote a letter to the school's conservative administration demanding reforms. St. Paul's implemented many of the students' demands: it de-emphasized athletics, ended mandatory attendance at Sunday chapel, and eventually began admitting female students. However, in 1969, the school encouraged Studds to leave under unclear circumstances (see After Congress), sweetening the deal by paying for him to attend the Harvard Graduate School of Education.

While teaching at St. Paul's, Studds achieved his first major political success, of a sort. In 1968, during the Vietnam War, Studds persuaded anti-war candidate Eugene McCarthy to challenge incumbent president Lyndon Johnson in the New Hampshire presidential primary. He also ran McCarthy's New Hampshire campaign operation, even though St. Paul's refused McCarthy's request to grant Studds a leave of absence so he could focus on defeating Johnson. McCarthy narrowly lost the New Hampshire primary to Johnson. Sensing weakness, Robert F. Kennedy entered the presidential race four days later, causing Johnson to retire from electoral politics.

Electoral history
Studds made his first run for Congress in 1970, seeking election in Massachusetts' 12th congressional district. He narrowly lost to the Republican incumbent Hastings Keith. Redistricting forced Keith to retire before the 1972 election, and Studds edged out the Republican William D. Weeks by just 1,118 votes. Studds was dogged by rumors of homosexuality in the 1978 campaign, but nonetheless won re-election. In 1983, Studds was transferred to the 10th congressional district after another round of redistricting, serving until 1997.

1983 congressional page scandal
Studds was a central figure in the 1983 congressional page sex scandal, when he and Representative Dan Crane were each separately censured by the House of Representatives for inappropriate relationships with congressional pages—in Studds' case, a 1973 sexual relationship with a 17-year-old male. In addition, two other male pages testified, and Studds confirmed, that Studds had made sexual advances to them in 1973.

During the course of the House Ethics Committee's investigation, Studds publicly acknowledged his homosexuality, thereby becoming the first openly gay Member of Congress. In an address to the House, Studds said, "It is not a simple task for any of us to meet adequately the obligations of either public or private life, let alone both, but these challenges are made substantially more complex when one is, as I am, both an elected public official and gay." Although Studds disagreed with the committee's findings of improper sexual conduct, he waived his right to a public hearing in order to protect the privacy of those involved. He said that deciding not to have a hearing "presented me with the most difficult choice I have had to make in my life."

Studds defended his sexual involvement as a "mutually voluntary, private relationship between adults." At the time, he acknowledged that it had been inappropriate to engage in a relationship with a subordinate and that he had committed "a very serious error in judgment." He would later say that "It was a damn stupid and inappropriate thing to do, and I never said it wasn't." However, after Studds' death, his widower Dean Hara said that Studds had never been ashamed of the relationship. In testimony to investigators, the page testified that being Studds' sexual partner made him "somewhat uncomfortable" and that "I would [rather] have had the friendship that I had with the man without the sex," but qualified his testimony by saying that his experience with Studds was not "destructive or painful." The page also said that Studds neither offered him an inducement to sleep with him nor prevented him from ending the relationship.

The House Ethics Committee initially recommended the less punitive option of a reprimand, which would not have cost Studds his subcommittee chairmanship on the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. However, the full House raised the penalty under discussion from reprimand to censure, by a vote of 338–87. On July 20, 1983, the House voted to censure Studds, by a vote of 420–3. The three "no" votes were Bill Clay, Mervyn Dymally, and Parren Mitchell.

In 2006, following the Mark Foley page scandal, pundits compared the actions of Foley and Congress in 2006 to Studds and Congress in 1983.

Congressional career and political views
Although Studds lost his subcommittee chairmanship as a result of the page scandal, the setback was only temporary.

According to The Washington Post, Studds' sexuality "apparently was not news to many of his constituents." (His congressional district included the gay colonies of Martha's Vineyard and Provincetown. ) Studds received two standing ovations from supporters in his home district at his first town meeting following his censure. He was re-elected to the House six more times after the 1983 censure and became chairman of the full Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee in 1992.

As a Member of Congress, Studds advocated for environmental and maritime issues, AIDS funding, and civil rights, particularly for gays and lesbians. He supported protectionist policies for the Massachusetts fishing industry, and in the 1970s he "largely" drafted a ban on foreign vessels fishing within 200 miles of the U.S. coast, winning him the lifelong friendship of Alaska Republican Don Young, the bill's co-author, who reportedly "hate[d] homosexuals and eastern liberals, but not Mr. Studds." In 1992 he authored the National Marine Sanctuaries Reauthorization and Improvement Act. In 1994 he joined with Ted Kennedy to introduce legislation to end discrimination based on sexual orientation in the workplace.

Throughout his life, Studds maintained the anti-war views that had spurred his initial entry into electoral politics. He was an outspoken opponent of the Strategic Defense Initiative missile defense system. He also criticized the United States government's secretive support for the Contra fighters in Nicaragua.

Later years and death
After retiring from Congress in 1997, Studds worked as a lobbyist for the fishing industry. He also served as the executive director of the New Bedford Aquarium.

Studds and partner Dean T. Hara (his companion since 1991) were married in Boston on May 24, 2004, one week after Massachusetts became the first state in the country to legalize same-sex marriage.

On October 14, 2006, Studds died at age 69 following a pulmonary embolism. Due to the federal ban on same-sex marriage, Hara was not eligible, upon Studds' death, to receive the pension provided to surviving spouses of former members of Congress. Hara later joined a federal lawsuit, Gill v. Office of Personnel Management, that successfully challenged the constitutionality of section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act.

Accolades
When Studds retired from Congress, Don Young sponsored a bill to name the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary after Studds. The sanctuary sits at the mouth of Massachusetts Bay.

In August 2019, Studds was added to the Rainbow Honor Walk, a walk of fame in San Francisco's Castro neighborhood honoring LGBTQ people who have "made significant contributions in their fields."

2018 sexual misconduct allegations
In 2018, St. Paul's School published an investigative report concerning allegations of faculty-student sexual misconduct over the years. The investigators quoted two former SPS students who claimed that they had questionable encounters with Studds during their time at the school, and described their statements as "substantiated." One of the witnesses also relayed that according to another SPS teacher, the school fired Studds in 1969 for inappropriate conduct with students; the report did not confirm or deny this claim. (Before the report's publication, it was commonly believed that the school had encouraged Studds to leave due to his "anti-establishment views." ) Another alumnus sued SPS in 2018, alleging an additional, more serious, case of sexual misconduct. A posthumous biography of Studds, published the year before SPS released the report, noted that before Studds' death, he had admitted that as a teacher, he had sometimes dealt with students "in ways that were human but neither professional nor responsible."

title: Gerry Studds


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Gene Sperling

Eugene Benton Sperling (born December 24, 1958) is an American lawyer who was director of the National Economic Council and assistant to the president for economic policy under Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama. He is the only person to serve as national economic advisor under two presidents. Outside of government, he founded the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution in 2002.

In February 2021, as the nomination of Neera Tanden for OMB director faced opposition, Sperling was considered to be one of the leading contenders to assume the top position. Sperling currently serves as Senior Advisor to President Biden and Implementation Coordinator of the American Rescue Plan.

Early life and education
Sperling was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the son of Doris Louise (née Hyman) and Lawrence Sperling. He is of Jewish descent. He attended Pioneer High School and then Community High School from which he graduated. In 1982, he graduated with a B.A. in political science from the University of Minnesota where he was captain of the Men's Varsity Tennis Team. In 1985 he graduated with a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School where he served as a senior editor of the Yale Law Journal. While at Yale Law School, he worked for future Labor Secretary Robert Reich. After graduating from Yale Law School, he attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and worked as an economic adviser on Michael Dukakis' campaign.

Prior to joining the National Economic Council, Sperling served as deputy director of economic policy for the presidential transition and economic policy director of the Clinton-Gore presidential campaign. From 1990 to 1992, he was an economic advisor to Governor Mario Cuomo of New York.

Clinton administration
Sperling served as deputy director (from 1993 to 1996) and then director (from 1996 to 2001) of the National Economic Council during the Clinton administration. As deputy director from 1993 to 1996, Sperling helped design and pass several of President Clinton's early initiatives, including 1993 Deficit Reduction Act, the major expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Direct Student Loan Act.

As director from 1996 to 2001, Sperling was a principal negotiator of the 1997 bipartisan Balanced Budget Act, which included the creation of the Children's Health Insurance Program. He reportedly held up the final negotiation to ensure that the design of the child tax credit would lead to bigger payments for lower-income families on the Earned Income Tax Credit. He also played a leading role in the design and passage of other Clinton administration economic initiatives, including the Hope Scholarship Tax Credit, the New Markets Tax Credit, the Children's Health Insurance Program, the Gear-UP Early College Mentoring program, expanded debt relief to poor nations, and stronger international protections against abusive child labor. He was the architect of the Save Social Security First budget strategy, and co-negotiated the final week of the China WTO agreement in Beijing in 1999 with United States Trade Representative Charlene Barshefsky. Sperling worked with then-Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers to negotiate protections for the Community Reinvestment Act in the Financial Modernization Act of 1999, also known as the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act. These protections helped secure passage of the bill. Sperling represented the U.S. government and gave a keynote address at the World Education Forum in Dakar, Senegal in 2000, where the world committed to the second millennium development goal of universal primary education.

Post-Clinton administration
After leaving the Clinton Administration, Sperling focused on promoting universal education, particularly for girls in poor and developing nations. In 2002, he founded the Center for Universal Education at the Council on Foreign Relations and the Brookings Institution and served as its first executive director for seven years from 2002 to 2008. In that role, Sperling advocated for a global compact for education for all children, with publications on universal education for all nations in Foreign Affairs, The New York Times, Washington Post, Financial Times, Los Angeles Times, and IMF Quarterly: Finance and Development.  He also authored concept papers for the Education for All Fast Track Initiative on Closing the Trust Gaps: Unlocking Financing for Education in Fragile State and How to Unlock Financing for Fragile States and Move Toward a More Unified Global Architecture for Education Financing: Eight Preliminary Recommendations. Sperling was a member of U.N. Millennium Task Force on Girls' Education.

In 2003, Sperling also founded the Global Campaign for Education-US, a broad-based coalition of national and community-based organizations, international NGOs, teacher unions, faith-based groups, and think tanks dedicated to ensuring universal quality education for all children. The organization's mission is "to promote education as a basic human right and mobilize to create political will in the United States and internationally to ensure universal quality education."

In 2004, he co-authored the book What Works in Girls' Education: Evidence and Policies from the Developing World with Barbara Herz. In addition, Sperling was also a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, and authored The Pro-Growth Progressive: An Economic Strategy for Shared Prosperity in that role. For four years, he was a consultant and had partial writing credit for four episodes for the television series The West Wing. Sperling is the author of the 2020 book Economic Dignity, building on a 2019 piece he published in Democracy Journal.

Sperling was a top economic adviser for Hillary Clinton during her 2008 presidential campaign.

Prior to joining the Obama administration, Sperling earned $887,727 from Goldman Sachs in 2008 for his work helping to create and implement their 10,000 Women charitable initiative, which funds business education for women in developing nations. He was also compensated $158,000 for speeches, mostly to financial companies. Sperling received $2.2 million in total compensation in 2008 from a variety of consulting jobs, board seats, speaking fees and fellowships.

Obama administration
From 2009 to 2011, Sperling served as a counselor to Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner. He advised on responding to the financial crisis, was a member of the Obama Auto Rescue Task Force, was Geithner's top aide on fiscal, budget, tax, and small business issues, and coordinated the Treasury efforts on design and passage of the Affordable Care Act. Sperling was a leading advocate in the administration for increasing refundable tax credits for working families, extending unemployment benefits, adding restrictions on executive compensation for companies receiving public funds, and proposing a fee on major financial institutions. Sperling was reported to have been one of the key members of the administration to advocate to President Obama that he save Chrysler. Sperling is credited with designing the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010, which created a $30 billion fund for loans and the State Small Business Credit Initiative.

In January 2011, President Barack Obama appointed Sperling as the director of the National Economic Council, Sperling's second tenure in that position. In that role, Sperling played a key role representing the White House in budget negotiations with Congress as well as serving as the White House point person on several of the president's top priorities including job creation, manufacturing policy, housing, GSE reform, and skills initiatives. He was credited with being the key architect of the $447 billion American Jobs Act and he led the Obama Administration's Detroit rescue task force in 2013, which mobilized $300 million to support Detroit. Sperling also led the design and implementation of the president's initiatives on supporting workers facing long-term unemployment, Manufacturing Innovation Hubs, SelectUSA, the College Opportunity Summit, and the ConnectED initiative. According to Robert Greenstein, president of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, "If you look at key budget legislation – in 1993, 1997, 2009, 2010 or 2012 – there is no administration official who did more over the past 20 years to dramatically expand tax credits for low-income workers, with the result that these credits now lift 10 million people out of poverty."

Sperling was named one of the 100 Most Powerful People in Finance worldwide in 2013 by Worth Magazine. He was named one of the 50 Most Powerful People in Washington by GQ in 2012.

Sperling left the National Economic Council in March 2014.

Two years after Sperling left the White House, a ProPublica article reported that he had taken loans totaling between $300,000 and $600,000 from Howard Shapiro, a lawyer at Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr, between 2011 and 2013. Shapiro has been Sperling's closest friend since they were housemates at Yale Law School in 1983. Sperling stated that when his savings were depleted, he "took personal loans from my very closest friend of more than 30 years so that I could afford to remain in public service without having to sell our house when we had only two more years left with both of our children at home." His house in Washington, D.C. was valued at "around $2 million."

A White House spokesperson said that every loan had been "reviewed and cleared by White House Counsel and the Office of Government Ethics" and that "no issue came before Sperling that prompted him to recuse himself." Kenneth Gross, a partner at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom who specializes in federal gift and gratuity rules, stated that the fact that the loans were disclosed and cleared by the ethics office "takes the guy off the hook. What more is he supposed to do?"

The ProPublica article stated that Sperling "played a role" in a federal and state government settlement with five major financial institutions over foreclosure and mortgage servicing abuses, and that WilmerHale was "one of many law firms involved in negotiating the settlement," though it did not state that Shapiro was involved in the settlement. Sperling told ProPublica he was not involved in the negotiations and only "helped decide that settlement money would go toward reducing principal on mortgages for borrowers whose homes were worth less than their mortgages." The Financial Times reported that Sperling met with groups such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to persuade them of the benefits the deal would have for borrowers.

Biden administration
On March 15, 2021, President Joe Biden announced that Sperling was selected to oversee the roll-out of the newly signed $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.

Personal life
Sperling is married to television writer Allison Abner, whom he met when he was a consultant on NBC's The West Wing. They have a daughter, Nina, and a son, Miles.

title: Gene Sperling


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Partmaximum

Partmaximum (Партмаксимум) was a limit on the salary of a member of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union, a maximum wage. Partmaximum was introduced in 1920 by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (ВЦИК) for all communists that held executive positions in Party, industry, government and Soviet trade unions. Their salary was not supposed to exceed that of a highly qualified industrial worker. If a communist had other incomes, e.g., honoraria or royalties, he had to transfer a specified percentage from the amount above the partmaximum into the Party funds.

Partmaximum was cancelled by a secret resolution of the Politburo of February 8, 1932; however, it was bypassed with benefits in kind even earlier. This cancellation is thought to mark the onset of the formation of the privileged nomenklatura class of Soviet apparatchiks, whose well-being no longer depended on the well-being of subordinated workers.

title: Partmaximum


text: User talk:69.148.209.134

title: User talk:69.148.209.134


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Jon Wolfsthal

Jon Wolfsthal is an American security analyst currently serving as director of global risk at the Federation of American Scientists.

Education
Wolfsthal graduated from the New Lincoln School in Manhattan and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Emory University in 1988. He then attended graduate school at George Washington University.

Career
Wolfsthal began his career in government service at the United States Department of Energy during the 1990s in a variety of positions, including in North Korea, where he served in roles including as an on-site monitor under the 1994 "Agreed Framework".

From March 2009 to March 2012, Wolfsthal served as a special advisor for Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security in the Office of the Vice President of the United States under Vice President Joe Biden and as Director for Nonproliferation at the National Security Council.

From 2014 to 2017, Wolfsthal served as a special assistant to President Barack Obama and Senior Director for Arms Control and Nonproliferation on the United States National Security Council. In that post, he was the most senior White House official setting and implementing U.S. Government policy on arms control, nonproliferation, and nuclear policy. During his tenure at the White House Office, he developed U.S. nuclear and nonproliferation policy. He was involved in crafting President Obama's Prague speech delivered in April 2009, served on the delegation to the 2010 Nuclear Security Summit, helped negotiate and gain Senate approval of the New START arms control agreement with Russia, helped draft the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review and coordinated U.S. policy for the 2015 NPT Review Conference.

The co-author of Deadly Arsenals: Tracking Weapons of Mass Destruction, he was described by the office of U.S. Vice President Joe Biden as "a globally recognized expert on nuclear security and nonproliferation", He served previously as deputy director of the James C. Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Security at Monterey.

Wolfsthal has taught at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced and International Studies, Georgetown University, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. Wolfsthal is a senior advisor at Global Zero. and non-resident fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.

Wolfsthal has written op-ed columns for Foreign Policy, The New York Times, and HuffPost.

As of March 2017, Wolfsthal serves as a member of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists' Science and Security Board.

Publications
Project Atom 2023: A Competitive Strategies Approach for U.S. Nuclear Posture through 2035, Center for Strategic and International Studies, September 30, 2023 (co-authored with Heather Williams, Kelsey Hartigan, Lachlan MacKenzie, Robert Soofer, Tom Karako, Franklin Miller, Leonor Tomero, and Oriana Skylar Mastro)

Personal life
Wolfsthal is married to Shanthi Kalathil.

title: Jon Wolfsthal


text:
User:Jrquinlisk

Nothing to see here yet. Move along.

title: User:Jrquinlisk


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Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume

Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume (7 October 1798 – 19 March 1875) was a French luthier, businessman, inventor and winner of many awards. His workshop made over 3,000 instruments.

Early life
Vuillaume was born in Mirecourt, where his father and grandfather were luthiers.

Career
Vuillaume moved to Paris in 1818 to work for François Chanot. In 1821, he joined the workshop of Simon Lété, François-Louis Pique's son-in-law, at Rue Pavée St. Sauveur. He became his partner and in 1825 settled in the Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs under the name of "Lété et Vuillaume". His first labels are dated 1823.

In 1827, at the height of the Neo-Gothic period, he started to make imitations of old instruments, some copies were undetectable.

In 1827, he won a silver medal at the Paris Universal Exhibition, and in 1828, he started his own business at 46 Rue Croix des Petits-Champs.

His workshop became the most important in Paris and within twenty years, it led Europe. A major factor in his success was his 1855 purchase of 144 instruments made by the Italian masters for 80,000 francs, from the heirs of Luigi Tarisio, an Italian tradesman. These included the Messiah Stradivarius and 24 other Stradivari.

In 1858, in order to avoid Paris customs duty on wood imports, he moved to Rue Pierre Demours near the Ternes, outside Paris. He was at the height of success, having won various gold medals in the competitions of the Paris Universal Exhibitions in 1839, 1844 and 1855; the Council Medal in London in 1851 and, in that same year, the Legion of Honour.

A maker of more than 3,000 instruments—almost all of which are numbered—and a fine tradesman, Vuillaume was also a gifted inventor, as his research in collaboration with the acoustics expert Félix Savart demonstrates. As an innovator, he developed many new instruments and mechanisms, most notably a large viola which he called a "contralto", and the three-string Octobass (1849–51), a huge triple bass standing 3.48 metres high.

He also created the hollow steel bow (particularly appreciated by Charles de Bériot, among others), and the 'self-rehairing' bow. For the latter, the hair purchased in prepared hanks could be inserted by the player in the time it takes to change a string, and was tightened or loosened by a simple mechanism inside the frog. The frog itself was fixed to the stick, and the balance of the bow thus remained constant when the hair stretched with use.

He also designed a round-edged frog mounted to the butt by means of a recessed track, which he encouraged his bowmakers to use; other details of craft, however, make it possible to identify the actual maker of many Vuillaume bows. The bows are stamped, often rather faintly, either "vuillaume à paris" or "j.b. vuillaume".

Other innovations include the insertion of Stanhopes in the eye of the frogs of his bows, a kind of mute (the pédale sourdine) and several machines, including one for manufacturing gut strings of perfectly equal thickness.

Many of the great bow makers of the 19th century collaborated with his workshop. Jean Pierre Marie Persois, Jean Adam, Dominique Peccatte, Nicolas Rémy Maire, François Peccatte, Nicolas Maline, Joseph Henry, Pierre Simon, François Nicolas Voirin, Charles Peccatte, Charles Claude Husson, Joseph Fonclause, Jean Joseph Martin, and Prosper Colas are among the most celebrated.

Vuillaume was an innovative violin maker and restorer, and a tradesman who traveled all of Europe in search of instruments. Due to this fact, most instruments by the great Italian violin makers passed through his workshop. Vuillaume then made accurate measurements of their dimensions and made copies of them.

He drew his inspiration from two violin makers and their instruments: Antonio Stradivari and his "Le Messie" (Messiah), and Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù and his "Il Cannone" which belonged to Niccolò Paganini; others such as Maggini, Da Salò and Nicola Amati were also imitated, but to a lesser extent.

Vuillaume made numerous copies of his favorite violin "Le Messie", the more noteworthy among them being:

Vuillaume was able to craft such a perfect replica of "Il Cannone", that upon viewing them side by side, Paganini was unable to tell which was the original. He was able to recognize the master instrument only upon hearing subtle differences in tone during playing.

The copy violin was eventually passed on to Paganini's only student, Camillo Sivori. Sivori owned great violins by Nicolò Amati, Stradivari, and Bergonzi, but the Vuillaume was his favourite. This violin is owned by the Musei Di Genova and displayed in their Palazzo Tursi.

When making these copies, Vuillaume always remained faithful to the essential qualities of the instruments he imitated – their thickness, the choice of the woods, and the shape of the arching. The only differences, always the result of a personal decision, were the colour of the varnish, the height of the ribs or the length of the instruments.

His most beautiful violins were often named after the people who owned them (Caraman de Chimay, Cheremetoff, Doria)

Vuillaume occasionally named his instruments: twelve were named after birds, for example the "Golden Pheasant", "The Thrush" and twelve were named after the apostles such as "St. Joseph" and "Saint Paul". A few others were also named after important biblical characters "The Evangelists" and Millant, in his book on Vuillaume, mentions a "St. Nicholas".

A rare violin by Vuillaume (c. 1874, Paris) showcases inlaid ebony fleur-de-lys designs and is one of the last instruments to come out of Vuillaume's workshop, made a year before his death. Crafted for the famous violin dealer David Laurie, "Label reads: Jean Baptiste Vuillaume a Paris, 3 Rue Demour-Ternes, expres pour mon ami David Laurie, 1874", numbered 2976 and signed on the label. It's a copy of a Nicolò Amati violin originally belonging to Prince Youssoupoff (a Russian aristocrat and pupil of Henri Vieuxtemps). Only six copies were made.

He also had practice violins, known as "St. Cécile violins", made by his brother Nicolas de Mirecourt. Another lesser line, also made by Nicolas, was labelled "Stentor".

His main contribution to violin-making was his work on varnish. The purfling's joints are often cut on the straight and not on the bias as was traditional, in the middle in the pin. His brand is burnt at a length of 1 cm. There is generally a black dot on the joint of the top under the bridge. He used an external mould. The stop is generally 193 mm long. In this respect he follows to the French 18th-century tradition of a short stop (190 mm), which was traditionally 195 mm long in Italy and even 200 mm long in Germany. The violin's serial number is inscribed in the middle inside the instrument. Its date (only the last two figures) in the upper paraph on the back. His violins of the first period have large edges and his brand was then burnt inside the middle bouts. The varnish varied from orange-red to red. After 1860, his varnish became lighter.

In addition to the above-mentioned bow makers, most 19th-century Parisian violin makers worked in his workshop, including Hippolyte Silvestre, Jean-Joseph Honoré Derazey, Charles Buthod, Charles-Adolphe Maucotel, Télesphore Barbé, Paul Bailly and George Gemünder.

Nestor Audinot, a pupil of Sébastien Vuillaume, himself Jean-Baptiste's nephew, succeeded him in his workshop in 1875. Vuillaume died at the height of his career, widely regarded as the pre-eminent luthier of his day.

World record price

 * London, 30 October 2012 – Sotheby's: GBP 145,250 (US$231,160) – "Saint Paul" J. B. Vuillaume violin copy of the "Messiah" Stradivarius, Paris, circa 1870
 * London, 28 March 2013 – Bromptons: GBP 162,000 (US$251,619) – J. B. Vuillaume, Paris, circa 1860, after Stradivarius
 * London, 30 October 2013 – Tarisio Auctions, London: GBP 163,200 (US$262,275) – J. B. Vuillaume violin, Paris
 * London, 22 October 2019 – Tarisio Auctions: GBP 350,000 (US$452,380, Eur 406,291) – J. B. Vuillaume cello copy of the "Duport" Stradivarius, Paris, 1845
 * London, 8 June 2021 – Ingles & Hayday: £384,000 (US$533,597) – "Tsar Nicholas"; ex-Stern violin by J.B. Vuillaume, Paris, circa 1840-41

Specimen labels

 * J.B. Vuillaume No. 4, Chez N.A. Lété rue Pavée-Saint-Sauveur no. 20 á Paris 1823
 * Jean Baptiste Vuillaume á Paris, rue Croix des Petits Champs
 * Jean Baptiste Vuillaume á Paris, 3 rue Demours-Ternes

The signature is usually followed by a doubly encircled JBV (J&B are joined). Early on, it was doubly encircled JBV. The labels at "Rue Croix Petits Champs" began using the doubly encircled JBV (J&B joined), which remained the same on "3. rue Demours-Ternes" labels. In addition, most specimens have a number associated with them.

Awards and medals

 * In 1827, Silver medal at the French Industrial Exposition of 1827
 * In 1834, Silver medal at the French Industrial Exposition of 1834
 * In 1844, Gold medal at the French Industrial Exposition of 1844
 * In 1849, Gold medal at the French Industrial Exposition of 1849
 * In 1851, Council medal at the Great Exhibition in London for "new modes of making violins, in such a manner that they are matured and perfected immediately on the completion of the manufacture, thus avoiding the necessity of keeping them for considerable periods to develop their excellencies"
 * In 1855, Gold medal at the Paris International Exhibition

The Vuillaume family

 * Jean Vuillaume – ancestor of Jean-Baptiste. His historicity is disputed as a fabrication of Jean-Baptiste who may have been trying to create a mythology of family descendants going far back to Italy.
 * Claude Vuillaume – oldest family member, a lute maker
 * Claude François Vuillaume I (1730–1770)
 * Charles François Vuillaume (1755–1779 – particularly known for his workmanship and the mellow and responsive tone of his instruments
 * Claude François Vuillaume II (1772–1834) – father of the Jean-Baptiste
 * Charles-Francois Vuillaume II (born 1797) – eldest son of Claude François Vuillaume II
 * Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume (1798–1875)
 * Nicolas Vuillaume (1800–1871) – third son of Claude François Vuillaume II. Made wonderful, high quality instruments in Mirecourt. He would ship some of his instruments to Paris to be later completed by Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume and sold at J.B. Vuillaume’s Paris shop. He also made a brand of instruments called 'Stentor'.
 * Nicolas François Vuillaume (1802–1876) – fourth son of Claude François Vuillaume II. The most important luthier of the Vuillaume family next only to his brother Jean-Baptiste. Established his own workshop, with a fine reputation, in Brussels.
 * Joseph François Vuillaume (1804–1856) – worked in Mirecourt, then Paris, and finally Lyon.
 * Claude-François Vuillaume (1807–1853) – fifth son of Claude François Vuillaume II, father of Sébastien
 * Sébastian Vuillaume (1835–1875) – nephew of Jean-Baptiste, worked with his uncle during the golden period
 * Vuillaume, Gustave Eugène – born at Mirecourt 1899. Pupil of Mougenot and Jacquent Gand. Workmanship and general appearance qualify this maker as successful in Guarnerian modelling. Oil varnish typically of clear yellow to dark reddish brown.

Players

 * Charles Auguste de Bériot (1802–1870)
 * Camillo Sivori (1815–1894), played on a Vuillaume copy of Paganini's "Il Cannone" (which Paganini gave to him).
 * Ole Bull (1810–1880)
 * Ricardo Cyncynates (1961), 1873 "The David"
 * Ferdinand David (1810–1873)
 * Jean-Delphin Alard (1815–1888)
 * Henri Vieuxtemps (1820–1881) c.1874 (now known as ex-Vieuxtemps)
 * Jules Garcin (1830–1896) copy of "Le Messie" (Messiah) Stradivari 1868 without number.
 * Joseph Joachim (1831–1907)
 * Sophie Humler (1841-1918) ex-Sophie Humler copy of Stradivari 1863
 * Eugène Ysaÿe (1858–1931)
 * Josef Suk (1874–1935)
 * Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962)
 * Jacques Thibaud (1880–1953)
 * Naoum Blinder (1889–1965) ex-Blinder 1845-50
 * Efrem Zimbalist (1889–1985)
 * Jack Benny (1894–1974) now known as the ex-Jack Benny 1845
 * Nina Dolce (Georgina Springer) (1897-d.?) ex-Hamma 1828
 * Toscha Seidel (1899–1962) copy of the Alard Strad 1860 (now known as ex-Seidel)
 * Louis Kaufman (1905–1994) copy of "La Pucelle"  Stradivari #1489 c.1839
 * Nathan Posner (collector Beverly Hills, California) (?-1962) ex-Chimay viola 1865 and ex-Sophie Humler 1863
 * Pierre Fournier (1906–1986) ex-'Count Doria' cello 1863
 * Ruggiero Ricci (1918–2012)
 * Marinus Snoeren (1919–1982), played on the Vuillaume Cello, currently in hands of Rien Snoeren
 * Adolph F. Schrader (Chicago), American, Violinist played on the ex-Garcin 1868 also another Strad copy of 1860 #2390
 * Henryk Szeryng (1918–1988) Messiah Strad copy which he gave to Prince Sovereign Rainier III of Monaco
 * Isaac Stern (1920–2001) A copy of the "Stern, ex Panette" Guarneri del Gesu of 1737 (c. 1850) also ex-Nicolas I of 1840
 * Arthur Grumiaux (1921–1986) 1866 (now known as ex-Grumiaux) now played by Jennifer Koh
 * Josef Hassid (1923–1950) ex-Kreisler
 * Endre Granat (1937) Guarneri copy 1866
 * Patrice Fontanarosa (1942)
 * Jean Etienne Drouet (1942–1990) ex-Drouet 1827 No.73" and labelled "Antonius Stradivarius Cremonensis Faciebat Anno 1706"
 * Pinchas Zukerman (1948) Vuillaume Guarneri copy
 * Young-Uck Kim ex-Paganini; ex-Kreisler 1860
 * André Rieu (1949)
 * Oliver Jaques (Zurich) ex-Nicolas I:ex-Isaac Stern 1840
 * Stewart Eaton (English, Violist) 'Count Doria' viola 1848
 * Barry Hou  ex-Zukerman
 * Laszlo Sirsom (1953)
 * Chin Kim (1957) plays on 1843 Stradivari model
 * Richard Hendrix (1958) plays an early Cannone copy made in 1828.
 * Mark O'Connor (1961) plays an 1830s Vuillaume
 * Ingolf Turban (1964)
 * Gennady Filimonov (196?) plays on the ex-Garcin Vuillaume
 * Cihat Aşkın (1968)
 * Giovanni Radivo (1969)
 * Alexander Kerr (1970)
 * Michael Jelden (1971)
 * Manrico Padovani (1973) plays on a Vuillaume 1870 (copy of the Strad Messiah) and on a Vuillaume 1845 (copy of 'Il Cannone' Guarnerius of 1743)Manrico Padovani plays on his Vuillaume Cannone Paganini concerto 1
 * Tiffany Wu (1978)
 * Hilary Hahn (1979) plays on the ex- Lande of 1864 (copy of 'Il Cannone' Guarnerius of 1743)Hilary Hahn plays her Vuillaume on Danish TV
 * Catherine Manoukian (1981), plays on the ex-Ysaÿe Vuillaume
 * Myvanwy Ella Penny (1984)
 * Nemanja Radulovic (1985) plays a J.B. Vuillaume violin from 1843.
 * Pierre Fouchenneret (1985)
 * Lorenzo Gatto (1986) plays a Jean Baptiste Vuillaume
 * Vilde Frang (1986) plays on an 1864 Vuillaume
 * Olga Kholodnaya (1987) plays on an 1853 Vuillaume "The Blade"
 * Nadir Khashimov (1990) plays on an 1828 Vuillaume
 * William Shaub (1992) plays on an 1865 Vuillaume
 * Modigliani quartet (2003) plays on a J.B. Vuillaume string quartet "The Evangelists" (1863)
 * Guillaume Latour (1981-) plays on a 1830 Vuillaume
 * EnAccord String Quartet (1998) plays on 2 violins (1829) and a viola (1867) from J.B. Vuillaume
 * Hsiao-mei Ku of the Ciompi Quartet performs on a violin made by J.B.Vuillaume
 * Jagdish Mistry and Rafal Zambrzycki-Payne  of Ensemble Modern both play on violins made by J.B. Vuillaume.
 * Gabriel Voicu since 2019 owner of "ex-Hamma" Vuillaume after playing 26 years on his own "G. Voicu A. Stradivarius"
 * YoungJung KIM(2023)

Quotes

"What set him apart from the rest is that he was not only an artist without equal, but also a tireless seeker of perfection to whom there was no such thing as failure. It was this driving force which shone through his life and made his work immortal."

- Roger Millant, Paris 1972. "The makers of France and the Low Countries more or less followed Italian models, and during the past century there have been many excellent French copyists of Stradivari and Guarnieri; two of the best are noticed under Lupot and Vuillaume: besides these there have been Aldric, G. Chanot the elder, Silvestre, Maucotel, Mennegand, Henry, and Rambaux." "Together with Nicolas Lupot, Vuillaume is the foremost French stringed instrument maker and the most important of the Vuillaume family of luthiers"

- E. Jaeger, curator of the Vuillaume exhibit in Cité de la Musique. "The names of Maucotel, Medard, Mennegand, Silvestre, and Derazay, and above all Vuillaume, must always shed an imperishable lustre upon the little town in the Vosges mountains." "In 1775 Paolo contracted to sell these instruments [the 10 remaining from his father's workshop] and other things from his father's shop to Count Cozio di Salabue, one of the most important collectors in history; and although Paolo died before the transaction was concluded, Salabue acquired the instruments. Salabue kept the 'Messiah' until 1827, when he sold it to Luigi Tarisio, a fascinating character who, from small beginnings, built up an important business dealing in violins. However, Tarisio could not bear to part with this instrument. Instead, he made it a favorite topic of conversation, and intrigued dealers on his visits to Paris with accounts of this marvelous 'Salabue' violin, as it was then called, taking care, however, never to bring it with him. One day Tarisio was discoursing to Vuillaume on the merits of this unknown and marvelous instrument, when the violinist Delphin Alard, who was present, exclaimed: 'Then your violin is like the Messiah: one always expects him but he never appears' ('Ah, ça, votre violon est donc comme le Messie; on l'attend toujours, et il ne parait jamais'). Thus the violin was baptized with the name by which it is still known.

Tarisio never parted with the violin and not until his death in 1854 had anyone outside Italy seen it. In 1855, Vuillaume was able to acquire it, and it remained with him, also until his death. Vuillaume guarded the 'Messiah' jealously, keeping it in a glass case and allowing no one to examine it. However, he did allow it to be shown at the 1872 Exhibition of Instruments in the South Kensington Museum, and this was its first appearance in England. After Vuillaume's death in 1875, the violin became the property of his two daughters and then of his son-in-law, the violinist Alard. After Alard's death in 1888, his heirs sold the 'Messiah' in 1890 to W.E. Hill and Sons on behalf of a Mr. R. Crawford of Edinburgh for 2,600 British pounds, at that time the largest sum ever paid for a violin."

- David D. Boyden, London 1969

"Vuillaume's ideal, and by constant study and cultivation of his own rare natural powers of observation he acquired such an intimate knowledge and judgement of Stardivari's work in every detail, that he might almost be said to be better acquainted with the maker's instruments than the master himself. Vuillaume soon found the sale of violins, issued as new works without any semblance of antiquity, an unprofitable undertaking and, recognizing the growing demand in all parts of the world for instruments resembling the great works of Cremona, he determined to apply his great skill as a workman, and his extraordinary familiarity with Stradivari's models, to the construction of faithful copies of the greatmaster's works.

This was the foundation of his success, for the modern copies found a ready sale, and orders poured in upon Vuillaume from all parts of the world. These instruments, imitations though they were, had high intrinsic merit; and it is to be remembered that they were copies made from unrivaled models, with fidelity and care such as only a devoted worshipper and a great master of his art could attain. He spared no pains in striving after perfection in the quality of his materials, and he treated the obscure and difficult problem of the varnish (the secret of which, as applied by the old Italian masters, seems to have died with them) with a success which has probably not been equalled by any other maker since their time.

The number of these instruments bearing his name is enormous, upwards of two thousand five hundred being known to exist; and many of them he made throughout with his own hand.... and we have it on the best authority that every instrument was varnished by his own hand.""

- W.E. Hill & Sons, London 1902

"Jean Baptiste was born in Mirecourt, where he worked until he was 19. He then went to Paris where the influence of François Chanot led him to approach violin making in a scientific manner. This led to his study of acoustics, analyses of varnishes, and to experimentation of various kinds. He won many prizes and achieved recognition as the greatest technical genius of his time, surpassed in French violin making only by Nicolas Lupot."

- Smithsonian Institution

"As to the numbering system, for the most part, his instruments were numbered. But the very fine copies especially those of 'Le Messie' Strad, Guarneri Del Gesu 'Canon' and Del Gesu 'David'(which Ferdinand David owned) and Maggini are without Number(s). According to Doring's tabulation (made between 1947 and 1961), Vuillaume made at least 78 instruments between the 1830s and 1874 that he did not recorded by number, that are "outstanding and magnificent."

- Gennady Filimonov, 2007

title: Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Ucr-belltower.jpg

[[Media:Ucr-belltower.jpg|UCR's Belltower]]
Used in the University of California, Riverside article. I took this picture on a clear day in late fall. Mind you, the tower is slightly slanted, only because the ground on the University is on a slight incline. I don't know if this could be considered as a featured picture candidate, but I would like to try.
 * Support. Self nomination. --[[User:AllyUnion|AllyUnion (talk)]] 07:39, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. First though the image was tilted, but this is only a very minor tilt. -- Chris 73 Talk 15:25, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. While I have never been there, I doubt very much that the building is as off-plumb as this picture seems to indicate. If the ground is sloped, you should correct for the building, =not= the horizon. I would also note that this photo is not "beautiful, striking, shocking, impressive, titillating, fascinating, or in short just brilliant" - while this is an attractive building, this is not an especially interesting photo. Denni ☯ 23:28, 2004 Dec 2 (UTC)
 * Oppose, ditto Denni. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 15:18, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. A nice shot, but a fair way off the world's best tower for architecture. -- Solipsist 22:09, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support --ScottyBoy900Q ∞ 00:11, 06 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose [[User:BrokenSegue|BrokenSegue]]
 * Oppose Janderk 14:08, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Not promoted. +3/-5. ed g2s  •  talk  04:43, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Black witch

Black witch
Black witch was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep.

No facts here, move along. silsor 07:39, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nonsens Jeff Knaggs 08:07, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Merge any useful content into witch. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 09:09, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Riiiiiiiight, riiight. Delete. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 09:17, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The topic has potential, the distinction between black and white magic is valid, but the article as it currently stands is just not wikipedia material. I say Delete, unless someone makes some radical improvements soon. --Woggly 09:30, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Right - major topic rewrite done. It's not perfect, but it's a slightly more neutral seed for someone to work on. Areia 10:50, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with witch/wizard, unless size warrants its own article. Same goes for white witch and grey witch. --Rebroad 15:23, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect as appropriate, I'm not sure there is anything merge-worthy here. Nevermind, this article has change substantially over the past few hours.  Changing vote to keep.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:22, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, now that it's been cleaned up --Carnildo 20:06, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep improved article. -Sean Curtin 01:06, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep now Kappa 10:10, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep now, has encyclopedia potential. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 23:08, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - the rewrite made it good. JesseW 03:51, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 01:43, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep now. Paul August 20:23, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Lee S. Wolosky

Lee Scott Wolosky (born July 17, 1968) is an American diplomat and attorney who served under four U.S. presidents in legal and national security positions, most recently as Special Counsel to President Joe Biden. He is currently co-chair of the Litigation Department and a member of the Management Committee at Jenner & Block LLP

Early life
Wolosky grew up in The Bronx and attended Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School in Manhattan. He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard College, where he was a recipient of the John Harvard Scholarship and the Harvard College Scholarship. Before attending law school, Wolosky worked as a research assistant for a Harvard University project focused on Soviet political and economic reform. He graduated cum laude from Harvard Law School, where he was an editor of the Harvard International Law Journal and a recipient of the Frederick Sheldon Traveling Fellowship. While in law school, he served as an intern to Sonia Sotomayor, then a federal district court judge.

Government
Wolosky served as Director for Transnational Threats on the United States National Security Council in the White House Office, under President Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. The Transnational Threats Directorate was responsible for coordinating the U.S. Government's response to terrorism prior to the September 11 attacks. At the White House, Wolosky had specific responsibility for coordinating U.S. policy relating to illicit finance impacting national security.

Wolosky's work at the White House also included directing sensitive operations, including leading the U.S. government effort to apprehend the Taliban and al Qaeda-linked arms trafficker Viktor Bout. Wolosky was noted for his innovative approach for pursuing Bout. Wolosky's pursuit of Bout served as a loose basis for the character Jack Valentine (played by Ethan Hawke) in the film Lord of War.

Wolosky has served as a consultant to various agencies of the U.S. Government in recent years and has testified on several occasions before the United States Congress. He also testified before the 9/11 Commission in both open and closed sessions.

During 2003 and 2004, Wolosky served as a senior advisor to the presidential campaign of Senator John Kerry and as co-director of the campaign's counter-terrorism policy coordinating group.

Wolosky is a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He served as co-director of the Council on Foreign Relation's Independent Task Force on Terrorist Financing and deputy director of the Council on Foreign Relations's Independent Task Force on Russia. He was also a co-founder and member of the board of directors of the National Security Network. He was appointed to the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on Law and National Security in 2010.

Wolosky has also served as an adjunct professor at the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University

Guantanamo
As Special Envoy for Guantanamo Closure from July 2015 to January 2017, Wolosky served as chief U.S. diplomat in connection with Barack Obama's efforts to close the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. Among other responsibilities, he led the Obama Administration's final diplomatic efforts to reduce the detainee population before the end of Obama's term, by transferring detainees who had been unanimously approved for transfer by the United States Secretary of Defense, State, Attorney General, Secretary of Homeland Security, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Director of National Intelligence.

During his 18-month tenure as Special Envoy, Wolosky completed the transfer of 75 detainees to 15 countries, or almost 40% of all such transfers during President Obama's eight-year term in office.

Since closure of the Office by the Trump Administration, the U.S. government has lost track of several of the Guantanamo detainees Wolosky arranged to release.

Legal career
In 2001, Wolosky joined Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP, the prominent U.S. law firm led by David Boies whose partners are known for high-profile matters such as the representation of Al Gore in the contested 2000 U.S. presidential election, representation of the U.S. Government in its anti-trust dispute with Microsoft, and representation of American International Group and its former CEO, Maurice R. Greenberg. During his time at Boies Schiller, Wolosky led or co-led some of the firm's high-profile matters, including the firm's representation of Greenberg, its representation of former RNC Vice Chair Elliott Broidy in litigation against Qatar, its terrorism financing case against Bank of China; and Restis v United Against Nuclear Iran, a precedent-setting private defamation case in which the United States Government asserted the state secrets privilege, resulting in a victory for Wolosky's client UANI. Wolosky also served as co-lead counsel to certain of the 9/11 families in connection with a multibillion-dollar federal court judgment entered against Iran; and as lead counsel to a major international corporation in matters arising out of an alleged assault by Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the former managing director of the International Monetary Fund.

In October 2019, Wolosky was appointed Independent Monitor of Deutsche Bank by the New York State Department of Financial Services and urged the bank to exit Russia. Wolosky has also represented Fiona Hill, a former advisor on the United States National Security Council, in the 2019 impeachment hearings of Donald Trump and opposed the White House's efforts to prevent her testimony. He has also represented MSNBC anchor Nicolle Wallace, and Emmy Award-winning journalist Lowell Bergman. Neil Cavuto, the conservative Fox News anchor, has called Wolosky "one of the brightest lawyers in the country."

In 2020, Wolosky joined Jenner & Block LLP. Previously, he worked at Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison and as an international affairs fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. At Paul Weiss, he worked principally with and was mentored by Ted Sorensen, the seventh White House Counsel under John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.

In August 2021, Wolosky was named to the advisory board of American facial recognition company Clearview AI as of counsel.

title: Lee S. Wolosky


title: User:Rfl/cc-by-2.0


text:
FMA IA 58 Pucará

The FMA IA 58 Pucará (Fortress) is an Argentine ground-attack and counter-insurgency (COIN) aircraft manufactured by the Fábrica Militar de Aviones. It is a low-wing twin-turboprop all-metal monoplane with retractable landing gear, capable of operating from unprepared strips when operationally required. The type saw action during the Falklands War and the Sri Lankan Civil War.

Development
In August 1966 the Argentine state aircraft factory, Dirección Nacional de Fabricación e Investigación Aeronáutica (DINFIA), began development of the AX-2, a Counter-insurgency (COIN) aircraft to meet a requirement of the Argentine Air Force. The project was promoted by engineer Ricardo Olmedo and became under the guidance of engineer Aníbal Dreidemie, who also designed the IA-52 Guaraní II and the IA-63 Pampa. The chosen layout was a low-wing monoplane powered by two turboprop engines mounted in wing-mounted nacelles and fitted with a T-tail. In order to test the proposed layout, DINFIA first built a full-scale unpowered glider test vehicle, which flew for the first time on 26 December 1967.

Testing of the glider showed no major handling problems, and in September 1968, construction began on a powered prototype, given the designation FMA IA 58 Delfín, but later renamed Pucará, to be powered by a pair of 904 hp Garrett TPE331I/U-303 engines. (DINFIA had been renamed the Fábrica Militar de Aviones (FMA) earlier that year). The first prototype made its maiden flight on 20 August 1969, with a second prototype, with power switching to 978 shp Turbomeca Astazou XVIGs, following on 6 September 1970. The first prototype was later re-engined with the Astazou, this engine being chosen for the production version, and a third production prototype followed in 1973. The first production model flew on 8 November 1974, with deliveries beginning in early 1976.

At least three projects were related to the IA-58 development. The first was an extended Pucará airframe with pressurized cabin for six passengers, equipped with Astafan turbofan engines for light transport and photography duties. The second was an observation and reconnaissance aircraft having the same configuration as the Fairchild-Republic A-10. The third was denominated IA-60 and was an advanced trainer and light attack platform powered by two Astafans conserving the basic airframe and canopy of the Pucará with T-tail incorporating high wings. Some tests were made on wind tunnels but no further development was made in order to proceed with the IA-63 Pampa program.

Design

The IA 58 Pucará is of conventional, all-metal (mainly duralumin) construction. The unswept cantilever wings have 7 degrees of dihedral on the outer panels and are fitted with slotted trailing-edge flaps. The IA-58 has a slender fuselage, with a tandem cockpit arrangement; the crew of two is seated under the upward opening clamshell canopy on Martin-Baker Mk 6AP6A zero/zero ejection seats and are provided with dual controls and good visibility, at least in the lateral and front quarters. The clean aerodynamic design allow the Pucará to reach relatively high speed, higher than the American OV-10 Bronco, another COIN aircraft. On the other hand, the IA 58 has no cargo bay inside the fuselage as requested for the American aircraft.

Armour plating is fitted to protect the crew and engines from ground fire. The aircraft is powered by a pair of Turbomeca Astazou engines, driving sets of three-bladed Ratier-Forest 23LF propellers; the propellers are also capable of being used as air brakes.

The Pucará was designed for operations from short, rough airstrips. The retractable tricycle landing gear, with a single nosewheel and twin mainwheels retracting into the engine nacelles, is fitted with low pressure tyres to suit operations on rough ground, while the undercarriage legs are tall to give good clearance for underslung weapons loads. Three JATO rockets can be fitted under the fuselage to allow extra short takeoffs. Fuel is fed from two fuselage tanks of combined capacity of 800 L and two self-sealing tanks of 460 L in the wings. The undercarriage, flaps and brakes are operated hydraulically, with no pneumatic systems. The spring suspension system is like the one used in the Junkers Ju 88, while the tail has a T configuration to improve take-off.

Fixed armament of the Pucará is about comparable with WWII era aircraft, directly comparable with the layout used in the German Bf 110. It consists of two Hispano 804 20 mm cannons mounted under the cockpit with 270 rounds each and four 7.62 mm Browning FN machine guns mounted on the sides of the fuselage with 900 rounds each. Three hardpoints are fitted for carrying external stores single or in clusters (as example up to six bombs under the fuselage or two rockets under each wing) such as bombs, rockets or external fuel tanks, with one of 1000 kg capacity mounted under the fuselage and the remaining two, of 500 kg capacity beneath the wings. Maximum external weapons load is 1620 kg. Onboard armaments are aimed by a simple reflector sight.

Operational history
The first units were delivered in May 1975 to the Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Argentina, FAA), equipping the 2° Escuadron de Exploración y Ataque, part of the 3rd Air Brigade (III Brigada Aérea) in Reconquista, northern Santa Fe province. They had their operational debut late in 1975, when a number of Pucarás carried out counter-insurgency strikes from Córdoba against Communist ERP guerillas in Tucumán Province as part of Operativo Independencia.

1982 Falklands war

By the time of the Falklands War, about 60 Pucarás had been delivered. As one of the few aircraft of the Argentine service capable of flying operationally from the small airfields in the Falklands, as the runway at Port Stanley Airport was not long enough for FAA Skyhawks and Mirages to be deployed, it was decided to deploy a number of Pucarás to the Falklands, with four arriving at Port Stanley on 2 April 1982, and a further eight arriving on 9 April. Many of the Pucarás remaining on the mainland were moved to Puerto Santa Cruz or Comodoro Rivadavia in southern Argentina where they were closer to the Falklands if needed for reinforcements, and were used to perform coastal surveillance.

Most aircraft used in combat were armed with unguided bombs, 2.75 inch rocket pods, or 7.62 mm machine gun pods. Pucarás operated from Port Stanley airport and two small grass improvised airfields at Goose Green and Pebble Island. They were used in the reconnaissance and light-attack role.

Three Pucarás were destroyed and one of their pilots killed at Goose Green by cluster bombs dropped by 800 NAS Sea Harriers on 1 May 1982. Six more were destroyed in the SAS Raid on Pebble Island on 15 May 1982.

On 21 May a Pucará was lost to a Stinger SAM fired by D Squadron SAS (the first Stinger launched in combat) and another to 30 mm cannon rounds from Cmdr Nigel Ward's RN Sea Harrier, the latter after leading a successful two-aircraft raid on a shed allegedly used as an observation post by British forces. The aircraft was surprisingly tough, as Ward observed no fewer than 20 cannon hits before the target started to fall to earth. The other Pucará, piloted by Lt Juan Micheloud, made good its escape after being chased by Lt Cdr Alasdair Craig's Sea Harrier. Major Carlos Tomba, the pilot of the aircraft shot down by Cmdr Ward, survived the ejection and was recovered by friendly forces.

Up to 161 4.5 in (113 mm) shells, fired by the frigate HMS Arrow, struck the airfield at Goose Green on 28 May. Arrow was assisting 2 Parachute Regiment as it attempted to retake the area. These shells reportedly destroyed two Pucarás at the airfield.

Two Pucarás shot down a Royal Marines Scout helicopter with 7.62 mm machine gun fire on 28 May, while it was on a casualty evacuation mission during the Battle of Goose Green. This was the only confirmed Argentine air-to-air victory of the war. One of these Pucarás crashed into Blue Mountain on the return flight to Port Stanley and was destroyed—the body of the pilot (Lt Miguel Gimenez) was found in 1986, and was buried with military honours at Port Darwin by his family, the first Argentine relatives to visit the Falklands since the end of the war.

Also on the 28 May 2 Para shot down a Pucará with small arms fire after it launched rockets on British troops (without causing any casualties), during the Battle of Goose Green. Lt Miguel Cruzado ejected and became a POW.

Captured aircraft
After the Argentine surrender, eleven Pucarás (four of them in flying condition) were captured by British forces, and six were taken back to the United Kingdom. The current disposition of the six is as follows:
 * A-515 (ZD485) – Royal Air Force Museum Cosford.
 * A-517 – Privately owned. Offered for sale "for parts only" in 2018 in Asheville, North Carolina, US.
 * A-522 (8768M) – North East Aircraft Museum (on loan from the Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovilton).
 * A-528 (8769M) – Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum (on loan from Museum of Army Flying, Middle Wallop).
 * A-533 (ZD486) – Boscombe Down Aviation Collection, Wiltshire (cockpit section only).
 * A-549 (ZD487) – Imperial War Museum Duxford.

Sri Lankan Civil War

The Sri Lanka Air Force in search for an aircraft for counter-insurgency operations and facing refusal of military supplies from western countries who were its traditional military suppliers, purchased two Pucarás from the Argentine Air Force. They were attached to the No 1 Flying Training based at SLAF Anuradhapura and were issued SLAF serials CA-601 and CA-602. Following initial training, Pucarás were used for advanced pilot training with two pilots, and combat sorties with a single pilot. In 1993, two more aircraft, CA-604 and CA-605, were added. Pucarás were found to be highly effective for the Sri Lanka Air Force as they had high payload capacity and suitable cruising speed for close air support. Operating mainly out of SLAF Anuradhapura, at times Pucarás were detached to its forward base at SLAF Palaly, providing close air support for the Sri Lanka Army notably during Operation Riviresa. The Sri Lanka Air Force also deployed Pucarás for maritime patrolling. CA-605 was hit by ground fire over the Kilaly lagoon, but managed to land at SLAF Palaly; it is on display at the Sri Lanka Air Force Museum. During fierce fighting in the Northern Province during Operation Leap Forward, CA-601 was shot down by a MPADS in July 1995, killing its pilot Flight Lieutenant Dilhan Perera. CA-604 was destroyed while on a night bombing sortie from what appears to have been a premature ordnance detonation; its pilot Flight Lieutenant R. A. U. P. Rajapaksa ejected safely. Following the accident the sole remaining aircraft, CA-602, was retired in 1997 with Mil Mi-24 helicopter gunships taking over the role of close air support, followed by Mikoyan MiG-27s. The Pucará's lack of an oxygen system, limiting it to low altitudes, and lack of counter-measures against SAMs proved it be its main limitations.

Upgrades
In May 1982, at the peak of the Falklands War, the Argentine Air Force, in collaboration with the Navy, outfitted a prototype, AX-04, with pylons to mount Mark 13 torpedoes. The aim was its possible production as a torpedo bomber to enhance the anti-ship capabilities of the Argentine air forces. Several trials were performed off Puerto Madryn, over Golfo Nuevo, but the war ended before the technicians could evaluate the feasibility of the project.

Several attempts were made to upgrade the entire fleet, including the Pucará Charlie conversion, Pucará 2000 and Pucará Bravo (modernization of 40 units was ordered and later cancelled by the FAA; only one unit was converted). These were cancelled during the 1980s due to shortage of funds.

The Uruguayan Air Force updated its fleet with the incorporation of Litton LTN-211 and GPS omega navigation systems. Minor structure modifications were made in order to carry the Mk. 82 Snakeye bomb and 1000-litre drop tank. Other avionics incorporated were the WX-500 Stormscope by L3 Communications and LED Sandel SN3500 backlit display navigation.

In 2007 an IA-58 of the Argentine Air Force was converted to carry a modified engine operating on soy-derived bio-jet fuel. The project, financed and directed by the Argentine Government (Secretaría de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Productiva de la Nación), made Argentina the second nation in the world to propel an aircraft with biojet fuel. The project's intention was to make the FAA less reliant on fossil fuels.

Since 2009 an extensive upgrade of the avionics and major overhaul of the airframes has been carried out by the FAA and FAdeA, creating the IA-58D Pucará Delta. The avionics for the cockpit are as close as possible to the FMA IA-63 Pampa Phase II. Some of the updated components include a new set of communications hardware, DME, ELT, IFF, GPS, EADI, EHSI, RWR, HUD, DEFA 554 cannon and new PT6A-62 950shp engine instead of the original Turbomeca Astazou. The overhaul is intended to keep Argentinian Pucarás in use until 2045. Bureaucratic and economic issues caused delays to the conversion of the entire fleet. The Uruguayan Air Force also showed interest in the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) program and installation of new engines offered by FAdeA.

As of April 2016, Fábrica Argentina de Aviones "Brigadier San Martin" S.A. (FAdeA), successor to Fábrica Militar de Aviones, was in the process of modernizing twenty of the Argentine Air Force's fleet of Pucaras. The first prototype flew in November 2015.

In 2019 Argentina retired the Pucará from counterinsurgency light strike operation, converting it to the Pucará Fénix border surveillance and patrol aircraft, with improved Pratt & Whitney Canada PT-6A-62 engines, new four-bladed propellers, a podded Fixview electro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) sensor turret, and datalink. The upgrade was authorised in December 2021, with the Fénix expected to be in operation for at least 15 years.

Failed contracts
The Peruvian Air Force was reported in mid 1972 to have shown great interest in acquiring up to 25 IA-58A for delivery in 1974.

The first foreign contract was in February 1978 with the Islamic Air Force of Mauritania for four IA-58A planes plus support and training at a full cost of U$10.8 million. Another eight units were also negotiated as options. When Mauritanian President Moktar Ould Daddah was ousted in a coup d'état, the contract was cancelled. The plane series n°015 to n°018 were built and ready to ship with Mauritanian registration numbers. They were incorporated to the Argentine Air Force as A-515 to A-518 keeping the desert camouflage and configuration.

In March 1983, negotiations for two Pucarás were going with Central African Republic Air Force for US$9.5 million including support, training and spare parts. The contract was cancelled.

In September 1983, another contract was signed, this time with the Venezuelan Air Force for 24 IA-58A equipped with Garrett TPE331-11-601W turboprop engines, at U$110 million. Venezuela cancelled the purchase order. A number of OV-10A Broncos were negotiated and later incorporated from the USAF stocks instead, with credit facilities.

In March 1985, a new contract with the Iraqi Air Force, which was later disbanded due political foreign issues, was signed with Iraq for 20 IA-58A with 20 more on option for U$76 million.

In May 1986 the Bolivian Air Force requested 12 IA-58A for U$52 million, with no purchase orders placed.

Iran negotiated 60 IA-58A for U$283 million by April 1987 and at the end of that year a new deal for 50 planes at U$160 million with no purchase orders ever placed.

In November 1987, six Pucarás were negotiated with the Force Aérienne Zairoise for US$26.7 million, contract cancelled.

In 1990 the Brazilian Air Force announced a purchase of 30 IA-58A as part of the project SIVAM. But with the development of the Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano, the order was cancelled.

In 1991 a purchase order was negotiated by the Paraguayan Air Force for four IA-58A at U$10.6 million but later disregarded.

Variants

 * AX-02 Delfín: Prototype.
 * AX-04: A torpedo-carrying prototype.
 * IA-58A Pucará: Two-seat counter-insurgency, close air support, attack aircraft. Main production version. To be retired September 2019.
 * IA-58B Pucará Bravo: Modified two-seat counter-insurgency aircraft, with deeper forward fuselage, allowing the 20 mm Hispano cannon to be replaced by two 30 mm DEFA cannons, and with more advanced avionics. One prototype aircraft converted from IA-58A first flew on 15 May 1979.
 * IA-58C Pucará Charlie: Single-seat version designed to take advantage of lessons learned during the Falklands War, with increased capability in anti-shipping and anti-helicopter missions. Forward cockpit removed, with additional 30 mm DEFA cannon supplementing existing gun armament, and capability to carry Matra R550 Magic air-to-air missiles and Martin Pescador air-to-surface missiles underwing. Increased armour protection fitted, and more advanced EW system suite. Single prototype converted, flying on 30 December 1985, but plans to convert fifteen more for the Argentine Air Force abandoned in 1988 due to lack of funding.
 * IA-58D Pucará Delta: Current program modernisation of existing IA-58A airframes, featuring new avionics systems and 950 shp PT6A-62 Pratt & Whitney engines. Also noted as IA-58H.  Program restarted in June 2019 with certification planned in July 2019.
 * IA-66: Modification of IA-58A powered by two 1,000-ehp (746-kW) Garrett TPE331-11-601W turboprop engines. Single prototype converted from IA-58A flew in 1980.
 * IA-58 Pucará Fénix: In 2019 Argentina retired the Pucará from counterinsurgency light strike operation, converting it to the Pucará Fénix border surveillance and patrol aircraft. The upgrade was authorised in December 2021, with the Fénix expected to be in operation for at least 15 years.

Current operators

 * "Fenix" prototype tested since 2019, production approved in 2021.
 * "Fenix" prototype tested since 2019, production approved in 2021.

Former operators

 * Argentine Air Force IA-58A variant.
 * Colombian Air Force
 * Sri Lanka Air Force (1993–1999, 2 shot down, 2 retired)
 * Royal Air Force (A captured Pucará was evaluated at A&AEE Boscombe Down after the Falklands conflict before being donated to the RAF museum).
 * Uruguayan Air Force. Retired 2017.
 * Sri Lanka Air Force (1993–1999, 2 shot down, 2 retired)
 * Royal Air Force (A captured Pucará was evaluated at A&AEE Boscombe Down after the Falklands conflict before being donated to the RAF museum).
 * Uruguayan Air Force. Retired 2017.
 * Uruguayan Air Force. Retired 2017.
 * Uruguayan Air Force. Retired 2017.

Argentina

 * Prototype AX-01, at Museo Nacional de Aeronautica de Argentina, Morón, Argentina.

Sri Lanka

 * CA-605, at Sri Lanka Air Force Museum.

United Kingdom

 * A-515 (ZD485) – at Royal Air Force Museum Cosford; formerly tested by the Royal Air Force.
 * A-522 (8768M) – at North East Aircraft Museum (on loan from the Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovilton).
 * A-528 (8769M) – at Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum (on loan from Museum of Army Flying, Middle Wallop).
 * A-533 (ZD486) – at Boscombe Down Aviation Collection, Wiltshire (cockpit section only).
 * A-549 (ZD487) – at Imperial War Museum Duxford.

title: FMA IA 58 Pucará


text:
Cyndi Wang

Cyndi Wang Hsin-ling (born 5 September 1982) is a Taiwanese singer and actress. Wang began her recording career when she released her first album, Begin... (2003). Besides her musical career, Wang has starred in many TV dramas, including The Car Is In Pursuit (2000), Westside Story (2003), Heaven's Wedding Gown (2004), and Smiling Pasta (2006). She started her first tour in 2016, and second in 2019. Wang has been active in the Taiwanese music scene for more than twenty years and is one of the top female popstars in the Mandopop industry, regularly selling over a million copies of her every album across Asia. She is widely known as the "Mandopop Princess" or "Taiwanese Sweetheart".

Career
Wang graduated and completed a drama course at Hwa Kang Arts School. Her father is Waishengren from Qingdao; while her mother is Hakka. Wang is a Buddhist, and has one younger brother. After their parents divorced in 1992, Wang and her brother were raised by their mother.

Wang took part in a talent contest held by Avex Taiwan in 2003. After the competition, she was given a chance to go to Avex's music studio in Japan to learn singing and dancing for three months. She obtained a graduation certificate from Avex Trax. She was offered a contract by Avex Taiwan.

Discography

 * Begin (2003)
 * Cyndi Loves You (2004)
 * Honey (2005)
 * Cyndi with U (2005)
 * Magic Cyndi (2007)
 * Fly! Cyndi (2007)
 * Heart2Heart (2009)
 * Sticky (2011)
 * Love? Or Not? (2012)
 * The 10th Cyndi (2014)
 * Cyndi Wants or Not? (2015)
 * CyndiLoves2Sing (2018)
 * Bite Back (2023)

title: Cyndi Wang


text:
Charles Dent

Charles Dent may refer to:

 * Charlie Dent (born 1960), American politician
 * John Charles Dent (1841–1888), Canadian author and journalist
 * Charles Dent (politician) (born 1951), Northwest Territories politician
 * Charles Enrique Dent (1911–1976), physician and biochemist

title: Charles Dent


text:
Loch Erisort

Loch Erisort (Èireasort) is an 8-mile-long narrow sea inlet on the east coast of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides off the west coast of Scotland.

Its name is a relic of the Viking Age and came from Old Norse Eiríksfjorðr = "Eric's fjord".

title: Loch Erisort


text:
File:Wmxlogo.jpg

Licensing
version available on English wikinews under same name:

title: File:Wmxlogo.jpg


text:
Talk:Ice cube tray

I can't find any corroborating information on the names and dates in the History section. — Foobar 07:51, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ice cube tray


text:
List of Israeli actors

This is a list of Israeli actors.

A

 * Hiam Abbass
 * Yael Abecassis - Kadosh, Alila
 * Alon Abutbul
 * Michael Aloni
 * Gila Almagor - The House on Chelouche Street
 * Lior Ashkenazi
 * Adi Ashkenazi
 * David Avidan
 * Mili Avital - Stargate
 * Aki Avni

B

 * Gavri Banai
 * Orna Banai
 * Yossi Banai
 * Yehuda Barkan - Charlie Ve'hetzi, Hagiga B'Snuker
 * Yael Bar Zohar
 * Michal Bat-Adam
 * Heinz Bernard
 * Shmil Ben Ari
 * Dvir Benedek

C

 * Asi Cohen - Yossi & Jagger
 * Eddie Carmel

D

 * Jason Danino-Holt
 * Boaz Davidson
 * Assi Dayan
 * Raz Degan - Alexander

E

 * Arik Einstein - Lool, Metzitzim
 * Anat Elimelech
 * Ronit Elkabetz - Or (My Treasure)
 * Maya Eshet
 * Mili Eshet

F

 * Amit Farkash
 * Oded Fehr - The Mummy
 * Rami Fortis
 * Tal Friedman

G

 * Sasson Gabai
 * Gal Gadot
 * Uri Gavriel
 * Gidi Gov
 * Yael Grobglas

H

 * Haya Harareet
 * Tomer Heymann

I

 * Shira Haas
 * Moshe Ivgi
 * Dana Ivgy - Or (My Treasure)

K

 * Nir Jacob Kaplan
 * Makram Khoury
 * Avi Kornick

L

 * Sivan Levy - Ima'lle, Burning Mooki
 * Daliah Lavi - Casino Royale
 * Yehuda Levi - Yossi & Jagger

M

 * Aharon Meskin
 * Maya Maron
 * Hanna Maron
 * Juliano Mer-Khamis
 * Keren Mor
 * Moni Moshonov - Hatuna Meuheret
 * Ido Mosseri

N

 * Zachi Noy

O

 * Shaike Ophir

P

 * Eyal Podell
 * Natalie Portman - V for Vendetta

R

 * Shuli Rand - Ushpizin
 * Michal Batsheva Rand - Ushpizin
 * Lior Raz
 * Ze'ev Revach - Charlie Ve'hetzi, Hagiga B'Snuker
 * Hanna Rieber
 * Agam Rodberg
 * Sasha Roiz
 * Hanna Rovina
 * Agam Rodberg

S

 * Sirak M. Sabahat
 * Jonathan Sagall
 * Ruth Sagall
 * Maya Shoef
 * Gene Simmons
 * Niv Sultan

T

 * Alona Tal
 * Noa Tishby
 * Chaim Topol - Fiddler on the Roof
 * Tuvia Tzafir
 * Yon Tumarkin

V

 * Yedidya Vital

W

 * Yahav Winner

Y

 * Michal Yannai
 * Eli Yatzpan
 * Galia Yishai

Z

 * Uri Zohar
 * Ayelet Zorer (Ayelet July Zurer)
 * Bat-Sheva Zeisler

title: List of Israeli actors


text:
Võ Quý

Võ Quý  (December 31, 1929 – January 10, 2017) was a Vietnamese zoologist and professor at the Vietnam National University, Hanoi. He was an ornithologist and a recipient of the 2003 Blue Planet Prize.

During the war against the French, he studied in China, but in 1954, he returned to Vietnam and helped to found the University of Hanoi.

He researched the effects of defoliation by the United States in the Vietnam War, and the impact of the herbicides, including Agent Orange used on the environment. He helped to plan government reforestation programmes.

Dr. Quy relocated the rare eastern sarus crane, a species badly affected by the war, and helped to establish a treaty for the protection of migratory birds.

He suggested that the Vietnamese pheasant (Lophura hatinhensis) might be a different species from Edward's pheasant (Lophura edwardsi) although most ornithologists do not split these two forms.

He wrote the two-volume book, The Birds of Vietnam, and co-authored The Kouprey: An Action Plan for Its Conservation ISBN 2-88032-972-8. He died in Hanoi on January 10, 2017, at the age of 87.

title: Võ Quý


text:
User talk:Admdesk

--61.11.10.33 07:55, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Admdesk


text:
Talk:Saint Ursula

separated by a language continuum

 * Undecimilia was subsequently misread or misinterpreted as undicimila (11,000)

That last word undicimila is (I believe) a modern Standard Italian word, definitely not a Latin word. Should that be made more explicit? —Tamfang (talk) 17:39, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Needlessly using Cologne over Koln
...why? Everyone at least understands or says Koln these days. Bet most everyday folk probs always did, Koln being an lookalike to all the British Coln, Colne, -coln, Coln- placenames. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:C7D:411:1600:226:8FF:FEDC:FD74 (talk) 23:37, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
 * (1) Cologne is the title of the Wikipedia article on the English Wiki. (2) It may be different in communities with German-influence, but in most English-speaking communities the usual name for the city is Cologne. (3) The Cologne city authorities use Cologne for English translation - see, for example, the official Cologne City Tourist Board website, where Koln is used on the German language version, but always translated to Cologne on the English language version. Undoubtedly Cologne is the correct usage.  Timothy Titus Talk To TT  09:42, 1 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Cologne is the name commonly used in English. "Koln" on the other hand doesn't even exist. Str1977 (talk) 21:11, 30 March 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:07, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula by Lasarasu, 2018.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:53, 10 February 2022 (UTC)
 * The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula by Nat Lamina.jpg

Veneration
St. Ursula is also venerated by the Eastern Orthodox Church. 2001:5B0:50C5:7BF8:3CC0:6C13:D1AF:FF29 (talk) 14:38, 2 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Have you got a source for that? – Archer1234 (talk) 20:38, 2 November 2022 (UTC)

Lies
Regarding the lies in the whole article, "the change" of the islands name, etc. - please read contents from this link (Please translate the content from the this link (more or less translation, please to mark and copy entire parts of the text) here https://translate.google.pl/?hl=pl#view=home &op=translate sl=en&tl=pl

Please be understanding that the text from the link is in the language it is in.) http://krzyz.nazwa.pl/forum/index.php/topic,10654.0.html

Source: http://krzyz.nazwa.pl/forum/index.php/topic,10654.0.html Szukający Prawdy (talk) 20:56, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saint Ursula


text:
User:Geraldstiehler~enwiki

Hi, my name is Gerald Stiehler, I'm a psychologist in a small town near Frankfurt, Germany, where I run a practice as psychotherapist. My focus is on the field of anxieties, panik-disorders and trauma healing and in the latest developements of so called "energy psychology". Want to have a look? www.diplompsychologen.info (german page)

As I'm not a nativ english speaker, I'll be working on the german wikipedia most of the time.

Geraldstiehler 07:57, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Psychology Wiki
Hi Gerald,

I noticed that you are a professional psychologist, and thought you might be interested in this project which I am involved in, The Psychology Wiki.

I won't say too much, as I'd like you to judge it for yourself, but you should find that it is different from Wikipedia, because approximately 90% of our contributors so far are psychologists, either professionals like yourself, academics, or students and trainees.

Its hosted by a company called Wikia, which was founded by Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley. There are Google Ads on the site, but we dont make money from the project, they're just to pay for the bandwidth, storage and technical support that Wikia give us.

Have a look and see what you think

Mostly Zen 23:36, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

PS One of our very important tasks is to translate our Wiki into other languages, as too much of Psychology is just studied and researched in English only. Maybe you could help in this area? :) Mostly Zen 23:36, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Geraldstiehler~enwiki


text:
Loch a' Chàirn Bhàin

Loch a' Chàirn Bhàin (Gaelic for "White Cairn Loch"), or Loch Cairnbawn, is a sea inlet off Eddrachillis Bay on the west coast of the Scottish Highlands north of Ullapool. It was the site of the World War Two midget submarine training base, Port HHZ.

title: Loch a' Chàirn Bhàin


text:
User:Novalogic

Programmer, Web Developer, Mac Addict, Open Source fanatic, and right-wing extremist.

Thoughts can be found at akela.us

Member of the BitchX open source ircII client development team.

title: User:Novalogic