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Talk:Lebesgue covering dimension

Refinement vs. subcover
The definition given uses the term "refinement", but incorrectly. A refinement is not a subcover, the elements of the refinement need only be open subsets of the original cover. I don't know if the definition of LCD is correct with "refinement" or "subcover", though. 4.31.92.84 05:15, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * As one of the authors, I'll comment that the page probably needs checking anyway. It is partly based on what I recall of the proof of the simplicial approximation theorem. Charles Matthews 14:10, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

FWIW, here's one problem with the definition as it currently stands: consider the unit disk in 2D. It can be covered by a slightly larger open disk. Since each point occurs only once, then can we conclude that the unit disk has topo dimension 1? or even 0? I don't think so...

I'm reading something old, maybe out-of-date; the definition is by Menger not Lebesgue. The space whose dimension we are trying to find out must be a metric space, the covering sets are closed not open, and the subcover must be finite (not just countable). Furthermore one must talk about embedding an n-dimensional topo set in a 2n+1 euclidean space. So for an n=1 curve, embed it in R^3. This curve can be covered with a finite number of closed sets in R^3, of arbitrarily small radius. The key to the proof seems to be "of arbitrarily small radius", since a 2D disk cannot be covered in this way, and still have every point belong to at most n+1=2 sets of the cover. Only a line satisfies this. I'm not sure why R^3 is needed,and why R^2 doesn't suffice for the proof. I'm also not clear if the closed vs. open distinction is important.

FWIW, the Menger sponge has (Menger) topological dimension 1, and every topo-dimension 1 curve is homeomorphic to the Menger sponge. I have no idea if the Lebesgue topo dimension would assign a different value to the Menger sponge. linas 14:38, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Never mind. The key to lebesgue defnition is that every (finite?) open cover must have a (finite?) refinement where each point is contained in no more than n+1 sets of the refinement. The disk is 2D, because it has open covers that cannot be refined so that each point is only in 2 sets; 3 is the minimum. The Menger sponge still seems to be 1D. I don't know if the finite/infinite distinction might change this. linas 15:17, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I think should be every open cover (not necesarily finite) with a locally finite refinement... If there exist open covers without locally finite refinements the top. dim. would be infinite.

Hmm. The edit by User:Kuratowski's Ghost seems really really wrong to me. The original wording, refinment was correct, subcover is wrong. Here's a counter-example: Take the unit disk in 2D and slice it up into 12 pie slices. Grow each pie slice a bit, so each pie slice overlaps. That's an open covering of the unit disk by 12 open sets. Points near the center of the disk now belong to 12 open sets, and its impossible to discard any of the twelve and still have a cover. This implies that the 2D disk is 11-dimensional, clearly false. So that definition is broken. By contrast, those 12 slices can be refined so that the points in the center are covered by no more than three open sets. So the earlier version of the article was correct. linas 03:29, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Construction of the Sierpinski Carpet

 * I'm planning on adding the following text to the main article real soon now. Please review.

The definition of the Lebesgue covering dimension can be used to build some unusual toplogical sets, such as the Sierpinski carpet. A construction can proceed as follows.

Consider, for example, a finite open covering for the two-dimensional unit disk. This covering can always be refined so that no point in the disk belongs to more than three sets. Fixing this covering, remove all of the points in the disk that belong to three sets. Depending on the refinement, this will leave possibly one or more holes in the disk. The remaining object is again two-dimensional, and again has a finite open cover. The process of selecting a cover and refining, and then punching out holes can be repeated, ad infinitum. The resulting object is homeomorphic to the Sierpinski carpet. What is curious about this construction is that the carpet has a Lebesgue covering dimension of one, and not two. Given any open covering of the carpet, one can always find a refinement such that every point belongs to at most two sets. The proof of this is essentially by contradiction: were there a covering which required membership to three sets, then the affected area would have been punched out during the construction phase. As open covers are at most countable, every such case is handled during construction. Similar constructions can be performed in higher dimensions; the three-dimensional analogue is called the Menger sponge. Curiously, the Lebesgue covering dimension of the Menger sponge is again one.

This construction of the Sierpinski carpet is at best incomplete because it assumes that only a countable number of different covers are possible and that every cover of the sponge extends to a cover of some step in the construction. Neither of these facts are evident. Grubb257 17:57, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

I think this section needs to be rewritten. Point to the article on the Sierpinski carpet and state that it has covering dimension equal to one and is a universal curve. However, the construction in this article is unfixable as far as I can see.131.156.3.80 20:04, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

The Menger sponge has some additional curious properties. It is the universal curve. By this we mean that any possible one-dimensional curve (embedded in any number of dimensions) is homeomorphic to a subset of the Menger sponge. In a more restricted sense, any possible one-dimensional object embedded in the two-dimensional plane is homemomorphic to a subset of the Sierpinski carpet. Note that by curve we mean any object of Lebesgue dimension one; this includes trees and graphs with an arbitrary (countable) number of closed loops.

linas 03:51, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Refinement or Subcover?
An earlier version of the article spoke of a refinements instead of subcovers, but the definition of refinement that was given was that of a subcover, so I changed it to subcover. But this indeed doesn't make sense as the examples show, I assume it really meant refinement but explained it incorrectly, will change again. Kuratowski's Ghost 09:40, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

The correct definition of the Lebesgue covering dimension uses refinements. As of today, the article is correct.Grubb257 17:58, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

why only finite dimension
Is there any particular reason why this definition restricts itself to finite dimensional cases? Can this definition not be used to distinguish between spaces whose dimensions are different infinite cardinals? Lethe | Talk 07:14, July 11, 2005 (UTC)-07:14, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't know. One might guess that it would, but math often has paradoxes lurking betwixt the non-integer cardinals. linas 15:07, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * That sounds scary. But I'm not convinced.  For example, I've seen lots of linear algebra books which deal only with finite dimensional vector spaces, solely as a matter of convenience.  One can consider vector spaces whose dimension is any cardinality, and while certain theorems no longer hold (e.g. vector space isomorphic to its dual), certainly no paradoxes arise.  The authors who do it are just being lazy (or are shielding the reader from unnecessary complication).  -Lethe | Talk 17:14, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * Maybe one persons paradox is another person's complication. The set of basis functions for an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space is weakly convergent to zero.  Maybe not a paradox, but certainly counter-intuitive; how can a series of vectors, all of whose lengths are one, converge to zero? Whatever notion you may have of Cauchy sequences in topology, infinite-dimensional vector spaces have a zoo of counter-intuitive examples.  The topology of infinite dimensional spaces is particularly bizarre, and requires considerable care. Take for example the space of functions that are smooth (differentiable) and also integrable. Sounds easy, but its just crazy enough that considerable care was needed to correctly construct a self consistent definition -- which is the Sobolev space, and is a non-trival topic.  The glossed-over definitions given in calculus books are neither supersets nor subsets of the Sobolev space.

 * Seriously, oceans of bizarre math occur at that first cardinal. Lets see Banach-Tarski paradox, the closure of the rationals by the p-adic numbers, fractals such as cantor set and sierpinski gasket ... seriously .. the sierpinski gasket looks sooooo 2D and yet its not... I find that paradoxial in and of itself. Surely you are trying to get a rise out of me? linas 02:34, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I just want to use this definition for some infinite dimensional topological spaces. I know that funny things can happen in infinite dimensional spaces, but I don't think that's anything to be afraid of. -Lethe | Talk 18:45, July 12, 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh, well, sure I guess so, ... I know nothing about infinite dimensional topological spaces right now. If this is how other mathematicians define things, then sure. By experience, whenever I get to infinity, I make some blunder; I've been bitten many a time, and I'm not over it. Wasn't trying to say anything deeper than that.  linas 05:13, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no reason why the minumum number n... should exist, in this case the topological dimension would be infinite. This should be true for vector spaces of infinite dimension. maybe this should be written here more explicitly.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 150.214.102.129 (talk) 12:12, 9 May 2007 (UTC).

Menger sponge universal property
Am I right in thinking that "any object of Lebesgue dimension one", means compact metrizable spaces of Lesbesgue dimension one. Certainly object can't mean topological space or we could take a discrete space with too big a cardinality as a counterexample. I'm not CERTAIN we need metrizable (what is the dimension of {0,1}^(big cardinal)?) I'd actually really like to know. A Geek Tragedy 14:59, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

The dimension of {0,1}^(big cardinal) is still 0. Grubb257 18:00, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Spectral Dimension
Is the topologic dimension the same as the spectral dimension? I have been unable to locate an article that defines spectral dimension. Could someone knowledgeable about this subject please add the definition of "spectral dimension" to wikipedia? Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.186.148.15 (talk) 18:29, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

Illustrations
Hi, I'm copying here the comment I received about the illustrations. --Sigmundur (talk) 08:02, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

The svg you submitted, which is a non-technical explination of a path through different topological spaces is good, but it has one error...

If you trace the path, it nexer actually goes to the red portion of the topology, so the seperated one that shows red is wrong.

...I assume you wanted the path through all colors, not skipping one.

@SawyerIII @SawyerIII1776 @DoctorATAT —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sawyeriii (talk • contribs) 21:37, 22 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Not quite sure what you mean, the picture may also be unclear. The idea is that there are four overlapping sets; the path thus also crosses the red set, even though it never crosses a point that is exclusively red. The refinements are then made so that every point on the line belongs to at most two sets in the refinement. Please comment further if I didn't address the problem. --Sigmundur (talk) 08:02, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I also noted this issue and added the dubious tag. 70.247.167.104 (talk) 03:26, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

I removed the tag because the picture and caption are consistent. 173.25.54.191 (talk) 05:27, 14 January 2014 (UTC)

"This article may be too technical for most readers to understand."
Being an interested lay person, I still chuckle reading that header in such topics - the subject matter IS technical ! OK, so how would / could you at least introduce the topic in lay terms ? Is that even possible considering the need for the underlying "technical" terminology, e.g. dimensionality, open cover, etc. ? The images are very helpful, but for me at least, still don't lead to that eureka moment. Another thing that might help is a section on how this fits into the abstract notion of "spaces" as this term for lay people usually connotes Euclidean, physical space. Perhaps a text wrapper around Mathematical Spaces also with reference to sets and their basis for the general notion of topological spaces - thanks ! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.71.193.159 (talk) 19:04, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I just wrote a non-technical informal discussion section that tries to explain the idea without the technicalities. 67.198.37.16 (talk) 22:33, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Is this a mistake?
The section Properties has a passage about "(Ostrand's theorem on colored dimension.)"

But I can find no reference to anything called a "colored dimension".

Is this just unbelievably sloppy editing? 2601:200:C000:1A0:80B1:F028:8EEF:3BF8 (talk) 20:27, 4 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lebesgue covering dimension


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User talk:Daniel M.

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Mullumbimby

Mullumbimby is a town in the Byron Shire in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It promotes itself as "The Biggest Little Town in Australia". The town lies at the foot of Mount Chincogan in the Brunswick Valley about 9 kilometres (5.5 miles) by road from the coast. At the, Mullumbimby and the surrounding area had a population of 3,589 people. It is known for its hippie subculture.

History
Bundjalung people were the first people who lived in the area of Mullumbimby before the arrival of Europeans. The first Europeans to discover the area was Captain Henry Rous in 1828.

The first European to explore the area was Captain Henry Rous.

The area was used for dairy farming and fruit growing.

In 2022, the town was affected by floods.

Origins and name
Mullumbimby and surrounds is located on unceded land of the Bundjalung Nation. In the 1850s Europeans had established a camp site at the junction of two arms of the Brunswick River. This grew to become a village and later the township of Mullumbimby. Mullumbimby was originally a centre for the timber industry. Notably, red cedar was collected in great quantities from around the area, a part of the far northern New South Wales' "Big Scrub".

The town was a logical site for settlement by the timber hunters, as the Brunswick River is tidal in the town and navigable to that point, allowing logs to be floated down the river to its mouth at Brunswick Heads. The town's central location gave access to most of the catchment area, and it provided the best position for bullock teams to cross the river with their wagons loaded with timber. At low tide it is still possible to see the shallow region where the bullocks made the crossing of the Brunswick River, under the current "Federation Bridge" on Murwillumbah Road.

The name "Mullumbimby", meaning "small round hill", was given to the district by Aboriginal people. The name is derived from the Bandjalung-Yugambeh dialect mulubinba (possibly also pertaining to a native fern which grew in the vicinity). Although some sources claim this is because of the proximity of Mount Chincogan, Chincogan is probably too prominent in the landscape to fit the name. An alternative theory is that it refers to another smaller and rounder hill. Suggestions include a medium hill to the north of Left Bank road, on which the towns water tower is located, or a smaller hill on Coolamon Scenic Drive, situated on the Daly Family Farm, near the current golf course. This latter hill is possibly supported by the abundant grass flats which surrounded it, known as Mullumbimby Grass. These naturally open grass flats, presumably hunting grounds for the local Bundjalung tribes, were later used by early European timber hunters to graze their bullock teams. The significance of this area lay not only in the feed it provided, but that some grasses in the naturally cleared area aided bullocks which had swallowed salt water when dragging timber into the surf for collection by nearby ships.

Cultural history
Mullumbimby was a separate municipality from 1908 until 1980 when it was forced to amalgamate with the Byron Shire. The Byron Shire Council offices were relocated to Mullumbimby in the 1990s.

Byron Shire, including Mullumbimby and nearby Byron Bay, became a centre of alternative or counter culture alongside the extant mainstream culture in the 1970s and 1980s, and remains so today. The male choir Dustyesky performs Russian-language folk songs and received major coverage on the Russian television broadcaster Channel One.

Once the most notable specimens of the valuable timber trees had been collected (most notably red cedar, but also Australian Teak, Hoop Pine, Rosewood, Silky Oak and Black and Red Bean), the Big Scrub timber trade collapsed and Mullumbimby became primarily a farming community. Like many areas of the Big Scrub, allotments were given in Mullumbimby and the surrounding areas by the New South Wales government on the condition that the owner cleared the land for agricultural use. Beef and dairy, along with bananas and sugar cane have traditionally been the notable products of the area. However, the subdivision of many of the larger farms and the emergence of numerous small scale farmers has led to a higher diversity of products. A weekly farmers' market has been developed to exhibit local produce.

A static inverter plant of HVDC Directlink is located at Laverty's Gap near Mullumbimby. This inverter plant was previously the site of a 288 kW hydroelectric power scheme that powered Mullumbimby, Byron Bay and Bangalow from 1926, using water from a weir in nearby Wilsons Creek. The scheme was the fourth hydro electric power station in NSW and only the fifth on mainland Australia. Powering Mullumbimby for the first time in 1925, the scheme made Mullumbimby one of the first country towns in NSW to receive electricity. Although decommissioned in 1990, it is now of state heritage significance. The hydroelectric scheme was designed by William Corin (1867–1929). The site is being considered for pumped-storage hydroelectricity.

Mullumbimby Star was a newspaper published in the town.

Heritage listings
Mullumbimby has several heritage-listed sites and the controversial Slater mounds have been nominated as local heritage. The best known heritage sites include:
 * Wilsons Creek Road: Mullumbimby Hydro-electric Power Station Complex

Population
In the 2021 Census, there were 3,589 people in Mullumbimby. 70.4% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England at 5.9%, New Zealand at 1.9% and Germany at 1.6%. 81.0% of people spoke only English at home. The most common response for religion was No Religion at 59.2%, followed by Not stated 10.3%, Catholic 7.7%, Anglican 5.9% and Buddhism 2.9%. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people made up 1.8% of the population in 2016. English, Australian, Irish, Scottish and German are the most common ancestries.

Geography
Mullumbimby is about 4 km west of the Pacific Highway, near where the now closed Murwillumbah railway line crosses the Brunswick River. The line opened in 1894 and was closed in 2004 because of an argument over funding between federal and state politicians, despite community resistance across the region. Closure of the railway line between Murwillumbah and Casino has reduced transport options in the region.

The Brunswick River starts in Mullumbimby, at the meeting of Main Arm and Mullumbimby creeks.

Mullumbimby is close to the localities of Ocean Shores, Brunswick Heads and Wilsons Creek. Its hinterland area includes the locales of Goonengerry, Huonbrook, Koonyum Range, Main Arm, Montecollum, Palmwoods, Wanganui and Wilsons Creek and coincides with the postcode area of 2482 which has a diamond shape of around 35 km by 45 km.

The main geographical feature of Mullumbimby, Mount Chincogan, was a minor lava plug of the now extinct Tweed shield volcano. The nearby Mount Warning was the main plug.

Stone arrangement
Reported stones arrangement on the Slater mounds on the western side of Saddle Ridge is thought by some to date back to the Paleolithic Age, and pre-dates Stonehenge. The arrangements were communicated in the late 1930s by the Brunswick Heads headmaster to Mr Frederic Slater who attempted to make headlines across Australia with this as a highly significant Aboriginal site. Slater and some other researchers believe the inscriptions on the stones contain the earliest form of human language. Others regard this as pure pseudoscience. There is claimed to have been intentional destruction of the site and the 1930s-described stones have disappeared.

Conspiracy theorism
Mullumbimby is a hotspot for conspiracy theorists in Australia. Many locals are hippies or live alternative lifestyles. The town has low vaccination rates and many locals have protested against vaccines, 5G technology and water fluoridation amongst other causes.

Health
Mullumbimby is a hot spot for the anti-vaccination movement. As of 2013, the town's vaccination rate was the lowest in Australia, with only 46% to 49% of children aged one, two and five years old in the 2482 postcode fully immunised, in contrast with a state average in the low 90s. In Mullumbimby, between 2015 and 2016 only 52% of five year olds were fully vaccinated, compared to the national average at the time of 92.9%. Richmond Valley, a region close to Mullumbimby, had the lowest overall vaccination rate, in part due to a high number of "conscientious objectors" to the practice. Health officials have cited education and timely reminders as key factors in improving the vaccination rate.

The Byron Shire, in which Mullumbimby is situated, is also the only remaining local government area in the Northern Rivers region to reject fluoridation of its water supply.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, despite state government-mandated restrictions, many businesses in Mullumbimby welcomed unvaccinated and unmasked individuals into their businesses, saying that the mandates imposed by the government were discriminatory.

Sport and recreation
The Mullumbimby Giants is the local rugby league club that competes in the Northern Rivers Regional Rugby League competition.

Notable people

 * Vic Armbruster, Australian rugby league player (1902–1984)
 * Iggy Azalea, Grammy-nominated multi-platinum selling rapper, songwriter and model (born 1990); her stage name was partially inspired by Mullumbimby's Azalea Street, where her childhood home was located
 * Bob Bellear, first Aboriginal judge in Australia (1944–2005)
 * Renee Bargh, Australian TV presenter (born 1986)
 * Doug Deitz, rugby league player (1914–1994)
 * Jy Hitchcox, rugby league player (born 1989)
 * Trent Knobel, AFL player with Brisbane Bears and St Kilda Football Club (born 1980)
 * Cody Nelson, rugby league player (born 1988)
 * Audrey Oldfield, children's writer (1925–2010)
 * Amy Taylor, lead singer Amyl and the Sniffers (born 1996)
 * Petria Thomas, swimming Olympic gold medallist (born 1975)
 * Joel Turner, beatboxer, singer, songwriter, instrumentalist and record producer (born 1987)
 * Edwin Wilson, author of Mullumbimby Dreaming and The Mullumbimby Kid (1942–2022)
 * Mark Lewis, filmmaker
 * Mandy Nolan, comedian, writer and Australian Greens candidate for Richmond

title: Mullumbimby


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User talk:Daniel Newby

This is my talk page. There are many like it but this one is mine.

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 05:20, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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User:Rob Russell

About Me
Software Engineer, entrepreneur, etcetera... I come from the least cold part of Canada. I've got a pretty thick background in different kinds of software and hardware. I don't know everything, but what I don't, I can guess.

Where I can be found

 * My Blog
 * On the forums at my friend's software site

title: User:Rob Russell


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Johann Wilhelm Ritter

Johann Wilhelm Ritter (16 December 1776 – 23 January 1810) was a German chemist, physicist and philosopher. He was born in Samitz (Zamienice) near Haynau (Chojnów) in Silesia (then part of Prussia, since 1945 in Poland), and died in Munich.

Life and work
Johann Wilhelm Ritter's first involvement with science began when he was 14 years old. He became an apprentice to an apothecary in Liegnitz (Legnica), and acquired a deep interest in chemistry. He began medicine studies at the University of Jena in 1796. A self-taught scientist, he made many experimental researches on chemistry, electricity and other fields.

Ritter belonged to the German Romantic movement. He was personally acquainted with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Alexander von Humboldt, Johann Gottfried Herder and Clemens Brentano. He was strongly influenced by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, who was the main philosopher of the Naturphilosophie movement. In 1801, Hans Christian Ørsted visited Jena and became his friend. Several of Ritter's researches were later reported by Ørsted, who was also strongly influenced by the philosophical outlook of Naturphilosophie.

Ritter's first scientific researches concerned some galvanic phenomena. He interpreted the physiological effects observed by Luigi Galvani and other researchers as due to the electricity generated by chemical reactions. His interpretation is closer to the one accepted nowadays than those proposed by Galvani (“animal electricity”) and Alessandro Volta (electricity generated by metallic contact), but it was not accepted at the time. In 1800, shortly after the invention of the voltaic pile, William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle discovered that water could be decomposed by electricity. Shortly afterward, Ritter also discovered the same effect, independently. Besides that, he collected and measured the amounts of hydrogen and oxygen produced in the reaction. He also discovered the process of electroplating. In 1802 he built his first electrochemical cell, with 50 copper discs separated by cardboard disks moistened by a salt solution.

Ritter made several self-experiments applying the poles of a voltaic pile to his own hands, eyes, ears, nose and tongue. He also described the difference between the physiological effects of the two poles of the pile, although some of the effects he reported were not confirmed afterwards.

Many of Ritter's researches were guided by a search for polarities in the several "forces" of nature, and for the relation between those "forces" – two of the assumptions of Naturphilosophie. In 1801, after hearing about the discovery of "heat rays" (infrared radiation) by William Herschel (in 1800), Ritter looked for an opposite (cooling) radiation at the other end of the visible spectrum. He did not find exactly what he expected to find, but after a series of attempts he noticed that silver chloride was transformed faster from white to black when it was placed at the dark region of the Sun's spectrum, close to its violet end. The "chemical rays" found by him were afterwards called ultraviolet radiation.

Some of Ritter's researches were acknowledged as important scientific contributions, but he also claimed the discovery of many phenomena that were not confirmed by other researchers. For instance: he reported that the Earth had electric poles that could be detected by the motion of a bimetallic needle; and he claimed that he could produce the electrolysis of water using a series of magnets, instead of Volta's piles.

Ritter had no regular income and never became a university professor, although in 1804 he was elected a member of the Bavarian Academy of Science (in Munich). He married in 1804 and had four children, but he was unable to provide the needs of his family. Plagued by financial difficulties and suffering from weak health (perhaps aggravated by his electrical self-experimentation), he died young in 1810, as a poor man.

title: Johann Wilhelm Ritter


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/December 17, 2004


text:
Iain Matthews

Iain Matthews (born Ian Matthews MacDonald, 16 June 1946) is an English musician and singer-songwriter. He was an original member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention from 1967 to 1969 before leaving to form his own band, Matthews Southern Comfort, which had a UK number one in 1970 with their cover of Joni Mitchell's "Woodstock". In 1979, his recording of Terence Boylan's "Shake It" reached No. 13 on the US charts.

Born in Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, Matthews was known in the 1960s as Ian MacDonald, but changed his name to Ian Matthews (his mother's maiden name) in 1968 to avoid confusion with Ian McDonald of King Crimson, with whom Judy Dyble began working when she left Fairport. In 1989, he changed the spelling of his first name to Iain and has been known as Iain Matthews ever since.

Influenced by both rock and roll and folk music, he has performed solo and as a member of various bands. He was a member of Fairport Convention during the early period when they were heavily influenced by American folk rock and sang on their first three albums before leaving in 1969. He initially embarked upon a solo career before forming the bands Matthews Southern Comfort and then Plainsong. Later in his career, he was also a member of the bands Hi-Fi, No Grey Faith, and More Than a Song, and in the 2000s has twice revived both Plainsong and Matthews Southern Comfort (MSC). He continues to tour regularly with the current version of MSC. A new MSC album The New Mine was released in March 2020, and a vinyl-only album Fake Tan, recorded with Norwegian band the Salmon Smokers, was released in September 2020.

In a career spanning over fifty years he has featured on over 100 albums and in 2018 published an autobiography co-written with author and broadcaster Ian Clayton, Thro' My Eyes: A Memoir, about his life in the music industry.

Origins
Matthews' family moved to Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, when he was twelve years old. On leaving school at sixteen, he initially worked as an apprentice signwriter for a local painting and decorating firm. During the British pop music explosion of the mid-1960s, he sang with several local bands in Scunthorpe and then moved to London in the spring of 1965, taking a job in a Carnaby Street shoe shop, Ravel. In 1966 he formed a trio, The Pyramid (later just Pyramid), a short-lived English surf music band, with Al Jackson and Steve Hiett (born 1940, died 2018), who later became a world-renowned fashion photographer. The Pyramid released one single, "Summer of Last Year" in January 1967, on Deram Records. A remaining song, "Me About You," surfaced on Matthews' Orphans & Outcasts Volume 3 compilation album in 1999.

Fairport Convention
In the winter of 1967, Matthews was recruited by Ashley Hutchings as a male vocalist for Fairport Convention, where he sang with Judy Dyble on their self-titled first album Fairport Convention and then with Sandy Denny on What We Did On Our Holidays. During the recording of Unhalfbricking in 1969, as Fairport increasingly drew their material from a traditional British folk repertoire, Matthews found out he had not been invited to a recording session and, after a short discussion with producer Joe Boyd and Hutchings, left the band and departed on a musical direction of his own.

Matthews Southern Comfort
In 1969 Matthews recorded his debut solo album, Matthews' Southern Comfort, which was rooted in American country music and rockabilly. He made the album with ex-Fairport colleagues Richard Thompson, Simon Nicol and Ashley Hutchings, plus guitarist Mark Griffiths, drummers Ray Duffy and Gerry Conway, pedal steel guitarist Gordon Huntley, and keyboardists Dolly Collins and Roger Coulam. This was his first significant experience as a songwriter, although the band also performed Neil Young and Ian and Sylvia songs. He followed it up by forming a working band, Matthews Southern Comfort (using the name of his first album, but without the apostrophe), releasing two more albums in short succession, Second Spring (1970 – UK #52) and Later That Same Year (1970).

The band went through various different line-ups and toured extensively for the next two years. They had one commercial success, with "Woodstock" by Joni Mitchell which was a number one hit single in the UK Singles Chart in October 1970. It received heavy airplay in Canada, reaching No. 5, as well as peaking at No. 23 on the Billboard singles charts in the United States in 1971. Afterwards, Matthews left Southern Comfort, who went on to release three albums of their own on Harvest Records.

Plainsong
In 1971, Matthews recorded two solo albums (If You Saw Thro' My Eyes & Tigers Will Survive), on Vertigo Records. Under the sponsorship of former Yardbird Paul Samwell-Smith, and surrounded by likeminded British semi-folkies (notably another ex-Fairporter, Richard Thompson), he formed Plainsong with Andy Roberts, previously of The Liverpool Scene. The band's line-up consisted of Matthews, Roberts, guitarist Dave Richards and American bassist Bob Ronga.

In 1972 Plainsong released In Search of Amelia Earhart. The album included a cover of Dave McEnery's "Amelia Earhart's Last Flight", plus a song by Matthews, "True Story of Amelia Earhart's Last Flight". The song is based on research that suggests that Amelia Earhart may have been spying on Japanese bases in the Pacific islands. It also included "Even the Guiding Light", an answer to Thompson's "Meet on the Ledge".

Moving around
After Plainsong collapsed due to a bandmate's alcoholism, and with his career now based in Los Angeles, Matthews released several more albums with ad hoc bands: Valley Hi (1973), produced by Michael Nesmith (formerly of the Monkees); Journeys from Gospel Oak and Some Days You Eat The Bear (1974); Go For Broke (1976) and Hit and Run (1977). None of these met with commercial success. Valley Hi featured a cover of the Steve Young song "Seven Bridges Road", arranged by Iain Matthews and Nesmith, creating a multitracked harmony with all parts sung by Matthews. This version became famous after being covered live by the Eagles on 28 July 1980 and released on Eagles Live. With lack of success on his albums, Iain Matthews went from Elektra Records to Columbia Records, to the small Rockburgh label, where he scored a hit single in 1978 with a cover of Terence Boylan's "Shake It", which reached No. 13 on the US charts and No. 6 in Canada.

He had a moderately successful follow-up with Robert Palmer's "Give Me an Inch". However, the North American rights for his album Stealin' Home and its follow-up Siamese Friends were held by the small Canadian label Mushroom. When label-owner Shelly Siegel died in 1979, Matthews' association with that label came to an end. The song "Shake It" is heard at the beginning of the 1980 movie Little Darlings. It can also be heard on the radio in the game The Warriors from Rockstar Games.

Matthews' official web site states that at this point he "had been struggling for nearly 15 years now and was still living hand to mouth, with nothing to show for his efforts but a string of out-of-print albums, and the loyalty of those musicians and fans who shared his vision." He moved from Los Angeles to Seattle, where he teamed up with David Surkamp, formerly of the St. Louis band Pavlov's Dog, to form the power pop band Hi-Fi, whose repertoire included Matthews' originals, but also Neil Young's "Mr. Soul" and Prince's "When You Were Mine". He worked in an A&R capacity at Island Records and then Windham Hill Records.

Later career
Starting in 1977, Fairport Convention held the annual Cropredy Festival. In the mid-1980s, there was interest in reviving the band and recording new material. Matthews was invited to perform with them as a part of the band, and in their other projects, at the 1986 Cropredy Festival. This led to Walking a Changing Line (1988) on Windham Hill Records, a tribute to Jules Shear of Jules and the Polar Bears. Matthews then moved to Austin, Texas and recorded several albums for a series of German independent labels. He appeared with Andy Roberts at the 1992 Cambridge Folk Festival, which led to the first of what became several changed versions of Plainsong.

In 2000 Matthews moved to Amsterdam, where he became involved in independent music projects and collaborations, including the Sandy Denny tribute band No Grey Faith (an anagram of "Fotheringay," which was the name of the castle in which Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned, as well as the title of a song about the castle that Denny had recorded for Fairport Convention, and the name of a short-lived band Denny had led in the 1970s), and another revival of Plainsong. Moving to Horst in the south of the Netherlands, in 2008 he produced Joy Mining with the Dutch jazz ensemble, Searing Quartet. In September 2010, he released the first Matthews Southern Comfort album in 40 years and returned to a major record label.

Since 2003 Matthews has worked with Dutch pianist and composer Egbert Derix. They met when Matthews, a jazz fan, came to a concert of Derix's Searing Quartet in Cambrinus (Horst, The Netherlands). Matthews asked Derix to join him in his 2003 tour of his 1970 album If You Saw Thro' My Eyes. They played a series of concerts with Eric Coenen (bass), Arthur Lijten (drums) and Ad Vanderveen (guitar). After the tour Matthews and Derix started writing together, resulting in the 2008 album Joy Mining Matthews & Derix started their own label: MatriX. In 2012, the Iain Matthews/Egbert Derix album In the Now was released by Verve Records. Joy Mining and In the Now had separate releases in the United Kingdom and United States.

In December 2011, he performed as Matthews Southern Comfort with his Dutch band at the 2nd Great British Folk Festival at Butlins Skegness and performed a set of both old and new songs. In January 2014, Matthews toured as part of the Gene Clark No Other band, performing Gene Clark's album No Other with other singers such as Robin Pecknold of the Fleet Foxes

In January–February 2015, Matthews and Derix toured in California to promote the US releases of their albums. Dutch filmmakers Peter Jong and Olivier Hamaker made a documentary about the making of In the Now. Matthews can also be heard on Egbert Derix' solo album Paintings in Minor Lila (2012) on which the music of British progressive rock band Marillion is featured. The album has contributions by Matthews, Marillion singers Fish and Steve Hogarth, and Supertramp saxophonist John Helliwell. Matthews was guest vocalist in 2011 on the Helliwell/Derix Quintet tour in The Netherlands. Matthews and Derix co-wrote eight songs for Matthews's solo album The Art of Obscurity (2013).

Thro' My Eyes: A Memoir
In 2018 Iain Matthews released an autobiographical book Thro’ My Eyes: A Memoir. The book was co-written with Featherstone-based author and broadcaster, Ian Clayton.

In Clayton’s preface to the book, he tells of one day in 2010 getting an email out of the blue from Iain Matthews who had read the original version of his book Bringing It all Back Home, a work described by Record Collector magazine as "one of the best books about popular music ever written". Matthews told Clayton that he was considering publishing an autobiography and asked him if he would consider writing it. Several years went by before the project eventually came to fruition, though not as a straightforward biography but as co-written book based on multiple sessions of working together for several days at a time to capture all the information and memories.

Thro’ My Eyes: A Memoir was published by Pontefract-based Route Publishing in August 2018 in two editions: a Standard Edition and a Deluxe Edition which also included Thro’ My Eyes, an exclusive 2CD compilation of 23 songs from throughout Matthews’ career. The book is an account of Matthews’ life and musical career: from his humble beginnings in Barton-upon-Humber and Scunthorpe, to moving to London in the 1960s and joining Fairport Convention, forming Matthews Southern Comfort in 1970 and having his only #1 hit with their version of Joni Mitchell’s "Woodstock", forming Plainsong with Andy Roberts in 1972, spending years in America as a solo artist and then coming back to Europe in 2000 and still making albums and touring to this day. Each chapter is preceded by the lyrics of one of his songs.

In the book, Matthews also talks about watching and playing football as a boy in Scunthorpe, his failed trial as potential professional footballer with Bradford Park Avenue, and his life long love of Manchester United. A live concert recording of Plainsong in Paris in 2007 reveals him telling the audience that the words of his song "Busby's Babes" from the 1990 album Pure And Crooked are proudly displayed in the Manchester United Museum.

Matthews and Clayton promoted the book in 2019 by undertaking a concert tour of selected venues in the UK. Entitled "Words And Music", the tour covered some 11 venues in England and Scotland at which both Matthews and Clayton talked about various episodes from the book and Matthews performed live as solo artist; he was joined on stage for one night of the tour by former Plainsong bandmate Andy Roberts, at The Greys in Brighton.

A paperback version of the book, with new artwork and an updated discography, was published by Route in March 2021.

Ian Matthews

 * London Revisited VHS Tape (1984) Castle Hendring (live concert recorded at the Marquee Club in London, 9 March 1984)
 * Live In London DVD (2005) Magada International (same live concert at the Marquee Club as the London Revisited VHS tape)
 * I Can't Fade Away DVD (2006) Cherry Red Films (same live concert at the Marquee Club as the London Revisited VHS tape)

Iain Matthews

 * Compass & Chart Volume 1 (1994) VHS Tape Perfect Pitch (83-minute video retrospective by Michael Solomon documenting his time with Fairport Convention, Matthews Southern Comfort and Plainsong, and containing rare solo performances and interviews)

 * Zumbach's Coat (2004) CD + DVD Blue Rose/Perfect Pitch (DVD features 6 songs live by Iain and Ad Vanderveen)
 * Osolomeo (2006) DVD + CD Inbetweens Records (DVD is A Night In Colorado solo concert from October 1993)
 * Contact (2007) CD + DVD Blue Rose (with Richard Kennedy and Mike Roelofs, live in Heilbronn, Germany, December 2004)
 * Live at Rockpalast – Hamburg 1983 (2017) DVD + 2CD MIG

Matthews Southern Comfort

 * Fairport Convention and Matthews Southern Comfort: Maidstone 1970 (2000) DVD Voiceprint (Tony Palmer film, total playing time 32 minutes)

More Than a Song

 * Witness (2003) DVD Inbetweens Records (DVD has live clips of 3 full songs plus backstage footage and interviews. Total playing time 22 minutes)

Ad Vanderveen and Friends

 * Late Bloomer Adventures (2004) DVD Sonic Rendezvous (Iain Matthews duets with Ad Vanderveen on three tracks)

Hi-Fi

 * Complete Works (2006) CD + DVD Blue Rose (live footage of Hi-Fi, plus interviews with Iain Matthews and David Surkamp)
 * The Complete Collection (2012) CD + DVD Rockville Records (re-issue of Complete Works, CD has 3 extra tracks compared to the 2006 version)

With Egbert Derix

 * Afterwords (2010) CD + DVD MatriX (live concert at Acoustic Alley, Den Haag, 18 October 2009)
 * That Is to Say (2012) DVD MatriX (live concert at The Music Star, Norderstedt, Germany, 12 May 2012 + 3 bonus tracks recorded 10 October 2010)
 * The Making of 'In the Now'  (2014) DVD Omnivore (~40-minute documentary about the making of the album)

With Nanci Griffith

 * Other Voices, Too (1998) VHS Tape Elektra (Iain Matthews plays on this live performance filmed at The Armadillo in Glasgow, 26/27 November 1998)

The Pyramid

 * "The Summer of Last Year" / "Summer Evening" (1967) UK Deram (Iain Matthews’ first recording (45rpm single))

Solo albums

 * Matthews' Southern Comfort (1969) UK Uni/US Decca
 * If You Saw Thro' My Eyes (1971) UK and US Vertigo
 * Tigers Will Survive (1972) UK and US Vertigo
 * Valley Hi (1973) UK and US Elektra
 * Journeys from Gospel Oak (1974) UK Mooncrest
 * Some Days You Eat the Bear...Some Days the Bear Eats You (1974) UK and US Elektra
 * Go for Broke (1976) UK CBS/US Columbia
 * Hit and Run (1977) UK CBS/US Columbia
 * Stealin' Home (1978) UK Rockburgh/US Mushroom
 * Siamese Friends (1979) UK Rockburgh/US Mushroom
 * Discreet Repeat (1979) Rockburgh
 * Spot of Interference (1980) UK Rockburgh/US RSO
 * Shook (1984) Line Records/Polydor (France, Spain)
 * Walking a Changing Line (1988) Windham Hill
 * Nights in Manhattan (1988) Taxim Records (live at The Bottom Line in New York, May 1988)
 * Pure and Crooked (1990) Gold Castle
 * Live Alone: Notebook Series No. 2 (1991) Perfect Pitch
 * Orphans & Outcasts Volume I 1969-1979 (1991) Dirty Linen
 * Skeleton Keys (1992) Europe Line Records/US Mesa Bluemoon Recordings (different artwork)
 * Intimate Wash: Notebook Series No. 3 (1993) Perfect Pitch
 * Orphans & Outcasts Volume II 1981-1989 (1993) Dirty Linen
 * The Soul of Many Places (1993) Elektra (compilation album)
 * The Dark Ride (1994) Watermelon
 * Pure and Crooked (1994) Watermelon (5 bonus tracks)
 * Camouflage: Notebook Series No. 4 (1995) Perfect Pitch
 * God Looked Down (1996) Watermelon
 * The Seattle Years 1978–1984 (1996) Varèse Sarabande (compilation album)
 * Nights in Manhattan (And Points West) (1997) DCC (4 bonus tracks)
 * Excerpts from Swine Lake (1998) Blue Rose/US Tangible (4 bonus demo tracks)
 * Orphans & Outcasts Volume 3 (1999) Perfect Pitch
 * A Tiniest Wham/A Live Wham 2CD (2000) Blue Rose (Germany)/Perfect Pitch (UK); (2001) Last Call (France); CD2 Iain Matthews & the Swinelakers live in Nürnburg, Germany, September 1998
 * If You Saw Thro' My Eyes (remaster) (2003) MK2 Records
 * Zumbach's Coat (2004) MK2 Records/Perfect Pitch
 * Zumbach's Coat CD + DVD (2004) Blue Rose/Perfect Pitch (DVD features 6 songs live by Iain and Ad Vanderveen)
 * Sparkler 2CD (2005) Blue Rose (CD1 Best of the Texas Recordings 1989-2004; CD2 If You Saw Thro' My Eyes Live)
 * If You Saw Thro' My Eyes Live (2006) Vinyl Japan/ItsAboutMusic
 * Osolomeo DVD + CD (2006) Inbetweens Records (DVD is A Night in Colorado solo concert from October 1993; CD is Iain and Andy Roberts at the Brosella Festival July 1992)
 * Journeys from Gospel Oak (Expanded Edition) (2006) Castle Music (includes 5 songs rerecorded in 2006 as bonus tracks)
 * Go for Broke (2007) Vinyl Japan (limited edition Japanese CD of Go for Broke + 6 live bonus tracks recorded in Denver June 1976)
 * Hit and Run (2007) Vinyl Japan (limited edition Japanese CD of Hit and Run + 7 live bonus tracks recorded at rehearsals in Los Angeles)
 * Stealin' Home (2007) Vinyl Japan (limited edition Japanese CD of Stealin' Home + 9 live bonus tracks recorded at Texas A&M University in November 1978)
 * Contact (2007) Blue Rose, CD + DVD (with Richard Kennedy and Mike Roelofs, live in Heilbronn, Germany, December 2004)
 * Rhino Hi-Five: Ian Matthews (2007) Rhino/Elektra/Apple Music (5-track digital EP)
 * Collected (2011) Universal (57-track 3CD career retrospective, all tracks chosen personally by Matthews)
 * If You Saw Thro' My Eyes (remaster) (2012) Esoteric/Cherry Red
 * Tigers Will Survive (2012) Esoteric/Cherry Red (original album remaster + bonus track)
 * The Art of Obscurity (2013) MK2 Records/Omnivore Music/Fledg'ling
 * Stealin' Home (2014) Omnivore (original album remaster + 9 live bonus tracks recorded at Texas A&M University in November 1978)
 * Live at Rockpalast – Hamburg 1983 (2017) MIG (DVD + 2CD: CD1 is the audio version of the DVD; CD2 contains the studio versions of all the songs)
 * Walking a Changing Line 2CD (2017) MIG (original album remaster + CD2 of outtakes)
 * A Baker's Dozen (2017) MK2 Records
 * Thro' My Eyes (2018) Route (2CD compilation released as part of the Deluxe edition of his "Thro' My Eyes" biography)

Box sets

 * The Original Notebook Series (2002) Coast To Coast (Limited edition 5CD archival box set containing Live Alone, Intimate Wash, Camouflage, Nights In Manhattan And Points West, plus a fifth, then unreleased CD, Woodshedding)
 * Orphans And Outcasts (2019) Cherry Red Records (4CD box set containing remastered versions of Orphans And Outcasts Volumes 1-3, plus a fourth CD of newly curated outtakes and demo recordings)

Slimline series

 * Amen (2009) Perfect Pitch (live at Café de Amer, Amen with Bart Oostindie and Mike Roelofs)
 * Woodshedding (2009) Perfect Pitch (single CD issue of CD5 from the Original Notebook Series box set)

2-in-1 reissues / remasters

 * If You Saw Thro’ My Eyes / Tigers Will Survive (1992) Vertigo
 * Stealin’ Home / Siamese Friends (1999) Line Records
 * Valley Hi / Some Days You Eat The Bear (2003) Water Records
 * Stealin’ Home / Siamese Friends (2005 remaster) BGO Records
 * Spot Of Interference / Shook (2005 remaster) BGO Records
 * Go For Broke / Hit And Run (2006 remaster) BGO Records
 * The Dark Ride / God Looked Down (2006 remaster) BGO Records
 * Pure And Crooked / Skeleton Keys (2009 remaster) BGO Records
 * Valley Hi / Some Days You Eat The Bear (2017 remaster) BGO Records

Groups
Fairport Convention
 * Fairport Convention (1968) UK Polydor/US Cotillion
 * What We Did On Our Holidays (1968) UK Island/US A&M (US release has an entirely different cover to the UK release)
 * Unhalfbricking (1969) UK Island/US A&M
 * The History Of Fairport Convention (1972) Island (2LP compilation)
 * Fairport Chronicles (1972) A&M (2LP compilation)
 * Heyday: The BBC Sessions 1968-69 (1986) UK Island/US Hannibal
 * The Other Boot (1987) Dirty Linen (2 Cassette, the official bootleg of the 1986 Fairport Cropredy reunion)
 * Meet On The Ledge The Classic Years (1967-1975) (1999) UK Island/US A&M
 * What We Did On Our Holidays - An Introduction To Fairport Convention (1999) Island Masters
 * The Other Boot/The Third Leg (2001) Woodworm (3CD, the official bootleg of the 1986/1987 Cropredy Festivals)
 * Heyday: The BBC Sessions 1968-1969 Extended (2002) Island Remasters (8 bonus tracks)
 * Cropredy 2002. Another Gig; Another Palindrome (2002) Woodworm
 * Fairport Convention (2003) Island Remasters (Remastered CD with 4 bonus tracks, including a rare studio version of Leonard Cohen’s "Suzanne" featuring Matthews on solo vocal, also two live tracks from French TV and the first single)
 * What We Did On Our Holidays (2003) Island Remasters (Remastered CD with 4 bonus, including a rare BBC live recording from February 1969)
 * Across The Decades (2003) Snapper (2CD compilation)
 * The Quiet Joys of Brotherhood (Live At The Cropredy Festivals 1986 and 1987) 2CD (2004) Shakedown
 * Cropredy Capers (Twenty Five Years Of Fairport Convention And Friends At Cropredy Festival) (2004) Free Reed (4CD Box Set)
 * Live At The BBC (2007) Island Remasters (4CD Box Set)
 *  More Things We Did On Our Holidays (The Cropredy Festivals) (2011) 2CD Secret (same as The Other Boot/The Third Leg)
 * Come All Ye: The First Ten Years (2017) UMC (7CD Box Set)
 * What We Did On Our Saturday (2018) 2CD (Live At 50th Anniversary Cropredy Festival) Matty Grooves

Matthews Southern Comfort
 * Second Spring (1970) UK Uni/US Decca (US release has an entirely different cover to the UK release)
 * Later That Same Year (1970) UK Uni/US Decca/ US Reissue Pickwick
 * One, Two, Three... Too Good!  (1970 German vinyl release) Teldec/MCA (2LP best of compilation)
 * The Best Of Matthews Southern Comfort (1971 Japanese vinyl release) Victor Co. of Japan/MCA
 * Best Of Matthews Southern Comfort (1974 vinyl; 1989 CD) MCA Records
 * Ian Matthews’ Best In Early 70s (1979 Japanese vinyl release) Victor Musical Industries/MCA
 * Matthews Southern Comfort Meet Southern Comfort (1987 vinyl compilation) See for Miles
 * Scion (1994) UK Band Of Joy/US Dutch East India Trading (collection of outtakes and BBC recordings)
 * The Essential Collection (1997) Half Moon (retrospective of 1970s recordings)
 * Matthews’ Southern Comfort/Second Spring (1996) BGO Records
 * Later That Same Year (2008 CD) BGO Records (original album remaster + 4 bonus tracks)
 * Fairport Convention & Matthews Southern Comfort - Live In Maidstone 1970 (2009) Voiceprint (Soundtrack to the Tony Palmer film, two tracks by Matthews Southern Comfort)
 * Kind Of New (2010) Brilliant/Genepool
 * Kind Of Live (2011) Perfect Pitch
 * Kind Of New/Kind of Live (2012) 2CD Esoteric / Cherry Red
 * Matthews Southern Comfort: A Simple History Vol.1 (2017) MK2 Records (2017 tour album)
 * Like A Radio (2018) MIG
 * Bits And Pieces (2018) MIG (4-track limited edition 10" white vinyl EP including and alternative mix of "Woodstock")
 * The New Mine (2020) MIG
 * '"Hey Superman" (2020) (Digital single)
 * "With a Little Help from My Friends" (2022) (Digital single)
 * "I Feel Like I’m Fixing To Die Rag" (2023) (Digital single)
 * "Spinning Wheel" (2023) (Digital single)
 * The Woodstock Album (2023) Must Have Music

Plainsong
 * In Search Of Amelia Earhart (1972 vinyl) UK and US Elektra
 * In Search Of Amelia Earhart (1991 CD) Japan Elektra/Warner-Pioneer Corporation
 * And That’s That - The Demos (1992) Taxim Records
 * On Air - Original BBC Recordings (1992) Band of Joy (BBC recordings from 1972)
 * Dark Side of the Room (1992) Line Records
 * Voices Electric (1994) Line Records
 * Sister Flute (1996) Line Records
 * On Air (1997) Strange Fruit (original BBC album + 2 extra tracks)
 * New Place Now (1999) Blue Rose (Germany)/Spin Along (UK)/Tangible (US)
 * Live In Austria (1999) Plainsong (4-track mini-CD, live in Thalgau, 6 July 1997)
 * A To B (2001) Spin Along (6-track mini-CD)
 * In Search Of Amelia Earhart (CD 2001) Perfect Pitch
 * Pangolins (2003) Blue Rose Records
 * Plainsong (2005) 2CD Water Records (remaster of In Search Of Amelia Earhart, unreleased second album Now We Are 3, plus radio sessions, live recordings and singles)
 * Fat Lady Singing (2012) Blue Rose Records
 * Reinventing Richard: The Songs of Richard Fariña (2015) Fledg'ling
 * In Search Of Amelia Earhart (CD re-issue 2016) Man In The Moon

Hamilton Pool
 * Return To Zero (1995) Watermelon

Hi-Fi
 * Demonstration Record (1981) SP&S Records (US)/(1982) Butt Records (UK)
 * Moods for Mallards (1982) First American Records (US)/(1983) Shanghai Records (UK)
 * Complete Works (2006) CD + DVD Blue Rose
 * The Complete Collection (2012) CD + DVD Rockville Records (CD has 3 extra tracks compared to the 2006 version)

No Grey Faith
 * Secrets All Told – The Songs Of Sandy Denny (2000) Perfect Pitch/Unique Gravity

More Than A Song
 * More Than A Song (2001) Perfect Pitch/Coast To Coast
 * Witness (2002) Turtle Records (live in Amsterdam)
 * More Than A Song (2003) Under The Radar (US release contains two bonus live tracks, "Anchor" and "Lamb In Armor").

Iain Matthews & The Salmon Smokers
 * Woodstock b/w Keep On Sailing (2019) New Noise (limited edition 45rpm single)
 * Fake Tan (2020) New Noise (vinyl LP)
 * Fake Tan (2021) Talking Elephant (CD release with Keep On Sailing as a bonus track)

The Matthews Baartmans Conspiracy
 * Distant Chatter (2021) Talking Elephant

Collaborations with other artists
With Julian Dawson
 * Songs From The Red Couch (1996) Iglhauser (live in Thalgäu, 4 August 1996)
 * Flood Damage (2002) Key-Wi (live in Thalgäu, 29 November 2002)

With Ad Vanderveen
 * The Iain Ad Venture (2000) Blue Rose
 * Ride The Times (2010) Turtle Records

With Elliott Murphy
 * La Terre Commune (2001) Blue Rose/Perfect Pitch/Eminent

With Elliott Murphy and Olivier Durand
 * Official Blue Rose Bootleg Series 2CD (2001) Blue Rose (live in Solingen, 1 June 2001)
 * CD Ticket (2001) Blue Rose (2-track CD, "Cortez The Killer"/"I Don't Wanna Talk About It" recorded live in Germany, 27 May 2001)

With Searing Quartet
 * Joy Mining (2008) Perfect Pitch

With Egbert Derix
 * Afterwords (2010) CD + DVD MatriX (CD live at Café Thembi, Maastricht, 17 May 2009; DVD live at Acoustic Alley, Den Haag, 18 October 2009)
 * In The Now (2012) Verve/Fledg'ling (UK), Omnivore (US)
 * That Is To Say (2012) DVD MatriX (live concert at The Music Star, Norderstedt, Germany, 12 May 2012 + 3 bonus tracks recorded 10 October 2010)
 * The Making Of 'In The Now'  (2014) DVD Omnivore (~40-minute documentary about the making of the album)

With Andy Roberts
 * Live At The Bonington Theatre, Nottingham 1991 (2021) Angel Air

With Jim Fogarty
 * The Heart Of Saturday Night (2021) Limited edition live album recorded in Voorhees, NJ in 2011 and sold exclusively to fans on tour or by direct mail order

As a featured artist
With Nanci Griffith
 * Other Voices, Too (A Trip Back to Bountiful) (1998) Elektra

With Nick Vernier Band
 * Woodstock (2009) Brinker Media download

With Nick Vernier Band and Emitt Rhodes
 * Time Will Show The Wiser (2010) Brinker Media download

As a guest artist
Matthews featured as a guest artist on the following albums, either singing lead vocals, harmony vocals or playing guitar.

 * Marc Ellington: Marc Ellington (1969) Philips
 * Marc Ellington: Rains/Reins Of Changes (1971) B&C
 * Andy Roberts: Nina And The Dream Tree (1969) Pegasus
 * Long Dancer: It Was So Simple (1972) Rocket
 * Allan Taylor: The Lady (1969) United Artists
 * Marc Ellington: Restoration (1973) Philips
 * Andy Roberts: Urban Cowboy (1973) Elektra
 * Bob Neuwirth: Bob Neuwirth (1974) Asylum
 * Steve Gillette: Back On The Street Again (1975) Outpost
 * Jackie Lomax: Livin' For The Lovin'  (1976) Capitol
 * Richard Thompson: (guitar, vocal) (1976) Island
 * Julie Covington: Julie Covington (1978) Virgin
 * Richard and Linda Thompson: First Light (1978) Chrysalis
 * Matinee Idols: Leaving Limbo (1982) DVG Records (12" EP)
 * Any Trouble: Any Trouble (1983) EMI America
 * Bourgeois Tagg: Bourgeois Tagg (1986) Island USA
 * Fred Simon: Usually/Always (1988) Windham Hill
 * Christine Albert: You Are Gold (1990) Gambini Global Recordings (cassette-only release)
 * Eric Taylor: Eric Taylor (1995) Watermelon
 * Denice Franke: You Don't Know Me (1997) de nICE giRL
 * Mike Rosenthal: Mike Rosenthal (1999) Red Truck
 * Rainravens: Rose Of Jericho (1999) Blue Rose
 * Jeff Talmadge: Spinning Of The World (2000) Bozart
 * Ad Vanderveen: Here Now (2000) Hunter Music
 * Ad Vanderveen: The Moment That Matters (2003) Blue Rose
 * Willy Russell Hoovering The Moon (2003) WR Ltd.
 * Ad Vanderveen & The O'Neils: Live, Burgerhaus, Heilbron (2004) Blue Rose
 * BJ Baartmans: Where Lovers Go (2004) Inbetweens
 * Jelle Paulusma: iRECORD (2008) Munich
 * BJ Baartmans: Voor en Achter (2010) Continental Europe (2CD compilation)
 * Lorrie Singer and Bradley Kopp: A Deep Oasis (2011) Redboot
 * Egbert Derix: Paintings In Minor Lila (2012) Eggy D
 * Bart de Win: Easy To See (2012) Shine A Light
 * Henning Kvitnes: Scandicana (2012) Parlophone Norway
 * Pete Mancini: Foothill Freeway (2017) Paradiddle

Unique compilation albums
Compilations containing unique Matthews material not available elsewhere:
 * Various Artists 2 Meter Sessions, Vol.4 (1993) Radio Records: Iain Matthews "A Cross To Bear", recorded 8 September 1992, NOB radio session
 * Various Artists SXSW Live, Vol.3 (1994) SXSW: Iain Matthews "God Looked Down", recorded Austin, Texas 17/19 March 1994
 * Various Artists Broadcasts Vol.2 (1994) KGSR 2CD set: Iain Matthews "Evening Sun", recorded live for 107.1 KGSR/Radio Austin, Austin, Texas 1994
 * Various Artists Liner - New Tracks 2. (1994) Line Records promo CD: Iain Matthews & Ian Cussick "Meet On The Ledge", recorded live at the Knust Club, Hamburg
 * Various Artists Three Two One It's Alive From Studio A (1995) WCBE: Iain Matthews "Jumping Off The Roof", WCBE radio sessions 1995
 * Various Artists What's That I Hear? The Songs Of Phil Ochs (1998) Siced Bread Records: Iain Matthews "Flower Lady"
 * Various Artists Live Pa Halkaer Kro: Iain Matthews "I Drove", Danish radio recordings released 2000.
 * Various Artists 30 Jaar Hubert On The Air (2003) L1 Records 3CD set: More Than A Song "Ballad Of Gruene Hall", “Heart Of A Man” and “Bare Necessities”, 1Limburg Dutch radio session
 * Various Artists Tønder Festival 2003 (2003) Millstream Records: Plainsong "Barbed Wire Fence (live)”.
 * Various Artists Tønder Festival 2012 (2012) Millstream Records: Plainsong "Charlie (live)”
 * Various Artists Ever After: Tree Of Life (2016) Fyify! Records & Publishing : Iain Matthews "Alone Again Blues (live).

Line Records compilations

 * Various Artists Another Christmas Gift from Line - 1987 (1987) 2CD set, Line Records promo compilation : Ian Matthews "Shorting Out".

In addition, several tracks recorded in the 1980s as Ian Matthews appear on a Line Records compilation series, Der Sampler.
 * Der Sampler 1 (1986): "Wild Places"
 * Der Sampler 9 (1986): "For The Lonely Hunter"
 * Der Sampler 10 (1986): "Gimme An Inch Girl"
 * Der Sampler 11 (1986): "Carefully Taught/Stealin’ Home"
 * Der Sampler 13 (1986): "Hearts On The Line"
 * Der Sampler 15 (1986): "Polly"
 * Der Sampler 36 (1989): "Wild Places"
 * Der Sampler 39 (1989): "See Me"
 * Der Sampler 40 (1989): "Carefully Taught/Stealin’ Home"

Blue Rose Records compilations
Matthews tracks appeared on various Blue Rose Records compilation albums, either as a solo artist, with Plainsong, or with Elliott Murphy.
 * Blue Rose Collection Vol.4 (1998): Iain Matthews "Where the Big Dogs Run"
 * Blue Rose Collection Vol.6 (1999): Plainsong "Following Amelia", Iain Matthews "Gimme An Inch" live in Nuremberg.
 * Blue Rose Collection Vol.7 (2001): Iain Matthews "The Power And The Glory", "Timing", "Mercy Street"
 * Blue Rose Collection Vol.8 (2001): Elliot Murphy & Iain Matthews "One Cold Street"
 * Blue Rose Collection Vol.10 (2003): Plainsong "Barbed Wire Fence"
 * Blue Rose Collection Vol.11 (2004): Iain Matthews "Power"
 * The Blue Rose Christmas Party 2006 (2007):
 * CD1 with Julian Dawson "Rain On The Roof", "Can't Buy Me Love"
 * CD2 Iain Matthews solo "The Frame", "Southern Wind"; with Julian Dawson "Crazy Love"; with Julian Dawson & Ad Vanderveen "Funk And Fire"; with Elliott Murphy & Olivier Durand "Blind Willie McTell"
 * CD3 The Blue Rose Rockestra - Iain Matthews "Da Doo Ron Ron", "Brown Eyed Girl", "I Believe In You", "For What It’s Worth/Feeling Alright"

 * Various Artists – 1995 – 2015 / 20 Years Blue Rose Records – Best of Americana Rock Music Past and Present (2CD) (2015): Iain Matthews "Funk and Fire"
 * Various Artists – 20 Years Blue Rose Records – Best of Americana Rock Music Vol. 2 Past and Present (2CD) (2015): Plainsong "Barbed Wire Fence"

Blue Rose Nuggets series
Unique Iain Matthews tracks also appear on several Blue Rose Nuggets compilation albums:
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 1 (2002): Iain Matthews with Elliott Murphy and Olivier Durand "Girl with the Clouds in Her Eyes", live at Burgerhaus Heilbron-Bockingen, 27 May 2001.
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 2 (2003): Iain Matthews and The Swinelakers "Reno Nevada", live at Hirsch, Nurnburg, 28 September 1998.
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 3 (2003): Plainsong "Needle in the Hay".
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 4 (2004): Iain Matthews "Funk and Fire".
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 8 (2004): Iain Matthews "Cartwheel Avenue".
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 11 (2005): Plainsong "Even the Guiding Light" recorded live at the Hospitalkirche in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany, 8 May 2003
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 14 (2005): Iain Matthews "The Limburg Girl and the Travelling Man".
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 23 (2007): Iain Matthews with Mike Roelofs, Richard Kennedy, and Sean Staples "Funk and Fire", live.
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 24 (2007): Iain Matthews (as part of the Blue Rose Rockestra) "For What It's Worth/Feelin' Alright", live.
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 27 (2007): Plainsong "Footsteps Fall".
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 32 (2008): Iain Matthews with Elliott Murphy "Close to the Bone"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 33 (2008): Iain Matthews "Something Mighty"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 36 (2009): Iain Matthews "Something Mighty"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 42 (2010): Iain Matthews with Elliott Murphy "Big Umbrella"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 46 (2010): Plainsong "Here Comes the Rain".
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 54 (2012): Iain Matthews "The Onliest"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 57 (2012): Plainsong "Sloth".
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 86 (2018): Iain Matthews "Like Dominoes"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 92 (2018): Iain Matthews "Touching the Fleece"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 95 (2019): Plainsong "I Can't Let Go".
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 96 (2019): Iain Matthews "Sister"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 97 (2019): Iain Matthews with Elliott Murphy "The Ballad of the Soldier's Wife"
 * Blue Rose Nuggets 100 (2019): Iain Matthews with Elliott Murphy "I Don't Wanna Talk About It" recorded live in Heilbronn, Germany on 27 May 2001

Other compilation albums
Iain Matthews tracks appear on some 90 compilation CDs, a listing of which can be found on the Discogs website.

The Matthews Southern Comfort 1970 #1 UK single "Woodstock" appears on over 200 compilation CDs, a listing of which can be found on the Discogs website.

Various tracks from Plainsong also appear on 17 compilation CDs, a listing of which can be found at the following link on the Discogs website.

Billboard/RPM charts
Hot 100 Singles
 * "Woodstock", Matthews Southern Comfort (Band) (No. 23, No. 5 Canada, 1971)
 * "Mare, Take Me Home", Matthews Southern Comfort (Band) (No. 96, No. 86 Canada, 1971)
 * "Tell Me Why", Matthews Southern Comfort (Band) (No. 98, 1971)
 * "Da Doo Ron Ron (When He Walked Me Home)" (No. 96, No. 68 Canada, 1972)
 * "Shake It" (US No. 13; Canada No. 6, 1979)
 * "Give Me an Inch" (No. 67, 1979)

Easy Listening (Adult Contemporary)
 * "Woodstock – Matthews Southern Comfort (Band)" (No. 17, No. 22 Canada, 1971)
 * "Shake It" (No. 21, No. 32 Canada, 1979)
 * "Give Me an Inch" (No. 43, 1979)
 * "Don't Hang Up Your Dancing Shoes" (No. 42, 1979)

title: Iain Matthews


text:
User talk:Rob Russell

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 05:20, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Windsor-Essex Catholic District School Board
I have proposed this article (and a bunch of other Windsor-related articles - the hotels, the churches, and several student organizations) for deletion. If you disagree with the reasons stated in the "prod" tag on the article, feel free to remove it and either improve the article to show notability or argue on the article's talk page as to why it should be kept as it is. Brianyoumans 02:36, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rob Russell


text:
Talk:Berengaria of Castile

Untitled
Possibly useful from dup:
 * "Berengaria, Queen of Castile, eldest daughter of Alfonso VIII, King of Castile and Eleanor of England, was born Aug. 1181. She married first 23 April 1188 Konrad II, Duke of Swabia and Rothenburg.  They had no issue and were subsequently divorced.  She married (2nd) as his second wife, at Valladolid in Dec. 1197 Alfonso IX of Leon, King of Leon, Galicia, and Badajoz, son and Heir of Fernando II, King of Leon, by his first wife, Urraco, daughter of Afonso I, King of Portugal.  They had two sons, Fernando III (King of Castile and Leon) and Alfonso do Molina, and three daughters, Leonor, Berengaria, and Constanza (nun).  A papal dispensation for this marriage was refused, and Leon was placed under an interdict, 1202-1204.  The couple separated owing to consanguinity in 1204, after which she became a nun at Las Huelgas.  She abdicated the throne of Castile 31 August 1217, in favor of her son, Fernando.  She died at Las Huelgas near Burgos 8 Nov. 1246, and was buried there in the Cistercian monastery Santa Maria la Real (called de la Huelgas)."

Stan 05:20, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Place of burial
The infobox at the top of the article page states that Berengaria is buried in the Capilla Real, Granada. However, Granada was still in Muslim possession at the time of Berengaria's death and remained so for nearly another 250 years - and the foundation of the Capilla Real there only happened after the conquest in 1492. I therefore suspect that this is an error, and that she is probably buried elsewhere - most likely, as she apparently died at Las Huelgas, in the Panteón Real there (as the quote in the note just above this already says). But I have not located any sources on this point that I can be sure are reliable. PWilkinson (talk) 12:52, 30 August 2014 (UTC)
 * You're right. --The Emperor's New Spy (talk) 13:07, 30 August 2014 (UTC)

Early Family Life- "nanny"
I see in the GA Review section (which is not to be modified) that the phrase "Her nanny, Doña Elvira", is rendered "her nurse". I agree. "Nanny" is, I believe, English slang for a nurse, and wouldn't have been used in 12th-13th Century Castile. Terry Thorgaard (talk) 13:49, 28 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Truth to be told, "nurse" would not be used in 12th-13th century Castile either. Surtsicna (talk) 14:03, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

Well, since "nurse" is an English word, of course not; there would be some Castilian (or archaic Spanish) term. But this is the English version of Wikipedia. See the Wictionary entry for "nurse": "Etymology ... Variant form of the archaic nourice, from Old French norrice, from Latin nutricius (“that nourishes”), from nutrix (“wet nurse”), from nutrire (“to suckle”)." And that, of course, is immaterial anyway: Wikipedia is a 21st Century thing. Terry Thorgaard (talk) 15:56, 28 April 2015 (UTC) I guess my point should have been that it would be better to use "nurse" than the slang substitute "nanny". Terry Thorgaard (talk) 16:00, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

Julio González
En primer lugar disculparme pero no hablo ingles, segundo una corrección, el libro de Julio Gonzalez El reino de Castilla en la época de Alfonso VIII se publico el año 1960, no en el año 1969, tampoco conozco ninguna edición de ese año. saludos Luis1970 (talk) 21:34, 3 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Berengaria of Castile


text:
User talk:Lloydd

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 05:21, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Lloydd


text:
Kamphaeng Phet

Kamphaeng Phet is a town (thesaban mueang) in central Thailand, former capital of the Kamphaeng Phet Province. It covers the complete tambon Nai Mueang of the Mueang Kamphaeng Phet district. As of 2020, it has a population of 28,817.

History
Kamphaeng Phet was an ancient outpost town during the Sukhothai period, as evidenced by the city walls and fortifications that remain today. Before the creation of the city, legends says that there were two cities present in the location; Chakangrao (ชากังราว) and Nakhon Chum (นครชุม). Chakangrao was built on the east bank of the Ping River while Nakhon Chum was built on the west bank of the Ping River.

Kamphaeng Phet received municipality status on March 11, 1936. When the municipality was established, it had an operation area of 4.5 square kilometers. Later in 1966, it expanded to an area of 14.9 square kilometers.

Demographics
Since 2005, the population of Kamphaeng Phet has been decreasing.

title: Kamphaeng Phet


text:
Krabi

Krabi (กระบี่, ) is the capital of and main town in Krabi Province (thesaban mueang), on the west coast of southern Thailand, where the Krabi River flows into Phang Nga Bay. The town lies 650 km south of Bangkok, and as of 2020, has a population of 32,644. As in much of southern Thailand, the local economy centres largely on tourism.

History
At the start of the Rattanakosin period in the late eighteenth century, when the capital was finally settled at Bangkok, an elephant kraal was established in Krabi by order of Chao Phraya Nakhon (Noi), the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat, which was by then a part of the Thai Kingdom. He sent his vizier, the Phra Palad, to oversee this task, which was to ensure a regular supply of elephants for the larger town. So many followers immigrated in the steps of the Phra Palad that soon Krabi had a large community in three different boroughs: Pakasai, Khlong Pon, and Pak Lao. In 1872, King Chulalongkorn elevated these to town status, called Krabi, a word that preserves in its meaning the monkey symbolism of the old standard. The town's first governor was Luang Thep Sena, though it continued for a while as a dependency of Nakhon Si Thammarat. This was changed in 1875, when Krabi was raised to a fourth-level town in the old system of Thai government. Administrators then reported directly to the central government in Bangkok, and Krabi's history as an entity separate from other provinces had begun.

Administration
The town covers the tambon Paknam and Krabi Yai of Krabi District, and is divided into 10 communities (chumchon).

Climate
Facing the Andaman Sea, like Phuket, Krabi has a tropical monsoon climate, and is subject to a ten-month rainy season between March and December, often with sustained heavy rains for days at a time during the monsoons. Krabi's highest ever recorded temperature was 39.1 °C on 26 March 1998. Its lowest temperature was recorded on 11 January 2009: 15.3 °C.

Demographics
Since 2005, the population of Krabi has been greatly increasing.

Tourism
Much of the province has been given over to several national parks. Top destinations are Hat Noppharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park, Ao Nang, Railay, and Ko Phi Phi. The province includes over 80 smaller islands such as Ko Lanta and Phi Phi, well known to adventurers, yachtsmen, scuba-divers, snorkelers, and day-trippers from Phuket. Krabi's beaches attract both native Thai people and foreigners alike.

Ko Lanta National Park, also in Krabi Province, includes several coral-fringed islands with well-known diving sites. The largest island, Ko Lanta Yai, is the site of park headquarters, and is also home to "Chao Le", or sea gypsies, who sustain themselves largely through fishing. The islands are best visited during the drier months of October through April.

Kayaking, sailing, bird watching, snorkeling are also among top activities. In the interior, two predominantly mainland national parks, Khao Phanom Bencha National Park and Than Bokkhorani, offer inland scenic attractions including waterfalls and caves, and opportunities for trekking, bird watching, and eco-tours.

The rock faces at Railay Beach near Ao Nang have attracted climbers from all over the world and each year are the venue for the Rock and Fire Festival in mid April. There are several rock climbing schools at Railay Beach. The rock is limestone and has characteristic pockets, overhangs and faces. Railay has numerous multi-pitch areas most of which start from the beach itself. A famous example is "Humanality". In addition, deep water soloing is popular on the numerous nearby rocky islands accessible by long-tail boat. Another popular destination is the Fossil Shell Beach located at Ban Laem Pho. The beach is famous for its fossilized snail shells, dwellers of the freshwater swamp that covered this area some 40 million years ago.

Transport
Since 1999 the town has been served by the international Krabi Airport. Passing through the town is Phetkasem Road (Thailand Route 4).

title: Krabi


text:
File:James Renwick, Jr.gif

James Renwick, Jr. Architect of Vassar College Main Building

title: File:James Renwick, Jr.gif


text:
USS Doneff

USS Doneff (DE-49) was an Evarts-class destroyer escort which served in the United States Navy in the Pacific Theater of Operations. The only encounter with the Imperial Japanese Navy was the sighting of one or two A6M Zero fighters during the operational time spent in the Aleutian Islands.

DE-49, originally intended for transfer to Britain, was launched on 24 July 1942 by Philadelphia Navy Yard; retained by the U.S. Navy; named Doneff on 4 March 1943, and commissioned on 10 June 1943.

Namesake
John Lincoln Doneff was born on 12 February 1920 in Newark, Ohio He was appointed a Midshipman from the 17th Ohio District to the United States Naval Academy on 30 June 1939. His summer midshipman cruise (8-15 June 1940) saw him serving on the battleship USS New York (BB-34). He graduated with the Class of 1943 on 19 June 1942. Commissioned Ensign upon graduation, he served briefly in the Twelfth Naval District (2-7 July 1942), then joined the heavy cruiser USS Pensacola (CA-24) on 16 July 1942. He was killed in action in the Battle of Tassafaronga on 30 November 1942.

Service history
Doneff arrived at San Diego, California, as escort for a convoy on 9 September 1943. On 27 September she got underway for Alaskan waters and escort duty. From April 1944 she cruised between Attu and the Kurile Islands to report enemy contacts, forced landings of aircraft, and weather, and to guide planes and serve as rescue vessels in case of forced landings. She returned to Attu on 19 May for escort duty between Alaskan ports. Except for a period as guard ship again from 1 to 21 August 1944, she continued to escort convoys until 7 January 1945 when she sailed for San Francisco, California, and overhaul.

Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 9 March 1945 for exercises, Doneff got underway on 20 March to escort a convoy to Eniwetok, arriving there on 28 March. She served at Guam on patrol and local escort duty, then made anti-submarine patrols off Saipan until 6 August, when she sailed for Okinawa as a convoy escort for the USS Indianapolis, which carried the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima, returning to Saipan on 19 August. From 25 August to 23 September, she joined the destroyer USS Mayrant (DD-402) to receive the surrender of the Japanese garrison on Marcus Island and support occupation of the island by American troops.

After brief overhaul at Guam, Doneff put to sea on 11 October, arriving at San Pedro on 26 October. Doneff was decommissioned on 22 December 1945 at San Diego, and sold for scrapping on 9 January 1947.

title: USS Doneff


text: File:Jackson Browne - Lawyers in Love.jpg


text:
McGill station (Montreal Metro)

McGill station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Ville-Marie in the downtown core of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Green Line. The station opened on October 14, 1966, as part of the original network of the Metro.

It is currently the third busiest station (after Berri–UQAM station and Guy-Concordia station) in the network measured by number of passengers entering the system. Prior to 2002, it was the busiest station in the network. From 2025, the station will be served by the Réseau express métropolitain (REM).

Overview
Designed by Crevier, Lemieux, Mercier and Caron, it is a normal side platform station built in open cut under boul. De Maisonneuve, with two ticket halls joined by corridors that surround the platforms. The station is named after, and is located adjacent to McGill University.

The ticket halls are linked to the platforms by four stairways per platform, including the shortest escalators in the network. The station has large pillars, which were originally painted orange, but painted in beer bottle green colour in the late 1990s. In January 2010 the STM repainted the station in its original colours being orange pillars and yellow walls.

As an important part of the underground city, the station has had its mezzanine level substantially enlarged since its opening, by construction of new buildings around the station: the western end of the mezzanine was added with the construction of the Tour BNP and Eaton Centre, while the southern corridor between the ticket halls was added to link the Promenades de la Cathédrale (now known as Promenades Cathédrale) with the station. No fewer than six buildings are directly connected to the station via underground city. The station has a further six direct street-level entrances, all of which are integrated into the façades of other buildings. A seventh entrance in a separate building was added in 2023 to provide elevator access, making the station accessible.

Among this busy station's amenities include several shops and services directly in the station, including a Tim Hortons, Second Cup, a Scotiabank, two Pizza Shops, a web terminal, and MétroVision information screens which displays news, commercials, and the time till the next train. This was second station after Berri-UQAM to have them installed. At one time an "open-concept" branch of the Montreal Public Library was located next to the exit onto rue Université.

Renovation and upgrade works
In March 2012, the station underwent renovation work that included the replacement of Travertine tiles covering surfaces of the whole station, spanning over 1,835 m2. Other work included replacing the lighting system, fixing columns, beams, and concrete slabs and replacing granite staircases and handrails. By the end of 2016, modernized signage has been put in place, flooring has been completely replaced and the stained glass installation underwent a restoration and was put back in place.

In 2020, work began on making the station universally accessible, ahead of the arrival of the REM. The project involves the construction of a new entrance building, two elevators, new public artwork and refurbishment of three of the other entrances. This was estimated to cost around $58 million.

On April 3, 2023, McGill became the 26th accessible metro station in the network, with the completion of the refurbishment work.

Réseau express métropolitain station
In November 2016, CDPQ Infra announced that the proposed Réseau express métropolitain (REM) system would connect to the Green line at McGill. As with the 1980s Line 3 proposal, the REM will use the historic Mont Royal tunnel to head north from downtown. The REM station will be located under McGill College Avenue, and a pedestrian tunnel will connect it to the Green Line station concourse, as well as the wider Underground City. CDPQ Infra indicate that the station will be the 2nd busiest station on the REM, with over 25,000 passengers per day.

Construction on the McGill REM station began in September 2018. In this location, the Mont Royal tunnel is not bored through solid rock, and therefore work to strengthen the historic tunnel was required. , the REM station is planned to open in the middle of 2025.

Entrances
The station has seven entrances:
 * 690, De Maisonneuve Ouest
 * 640, De Maisonneuve Ouest
 * 811, De Maisonneuve Ouest
 * 2055, Robert-Bourassa Boulevard
 * 2021, Avenue Union
 * 1445, Av. Union and La Baie
 * 705, De Maisonneuve Ouest (elevator access)

Architecture and art
This station contains several pieces of artwork.

The most prominent is Nicolas Sollogoub's Montreal Scenes Circa 1830, depicting the industrial era in the city as well as its early mayors and civic arms. This set of five stained-glass murals was donated by Macdonald Tobacco, and installed in 1974. Maurice Savoie created a set of terra cotta murals depicting fruit and flowers, surrounding the entrance to Eaton's (now the Complexe Les Ailes). This were installed when the station opened in 1966.

The construction of the Promenades de la Cathédrale in 1992 brought two new works of art, a light sculpture called Passūs by Murray MacDonald, and an installation of an aerial view of Montreal complete with miniature figures of the buildings, by art collective Les Industries perdues. The latter work is entitled To rise, we must push against the ground onto which we have fallen.

Work to install elevators in 2023 was accompanied by a new artwork in the 811 De Maisonneuve Ouest entrance, a triptych of works in painted aluminum by Mathieu Lévesque entitled Vestiges. These commemorate the nearby Golden Square Mile.

Finally, a tapestry by Kelvin McAvoy depicting the life of James McGill was donated by Canadian Universal Limited Insurance in 1969; however, after being vandalized, it was removed by the company for restoration, and then given as a perpetual loan to McGill University instead, where it is now exhibited at the McLennan Library.

Origin of the name
McGill is named for McGill University. Founded in 1821 with money and on land bequeathed by Scottish-Canadian businessman James McGill, this is one of Canada's most prestigious institutions of higher education.

Connected via the underground city

 * Centre Eaton and Saint Catherine Street
 * Tour McGill College and McGill College Avenue
 * Place Montréal Trust
 * Tour Industrielle-Vie
 * 2020 Robert-Bourassa
 * Place London Life/Les Galeries 2001 University Street
 * McGill University - 688 Sherbrooke Street
 * Hudson's Bay and avenue Union
 * Place Ville Marie and Gare centrale
 * Peel Metro station and points west
 * Bonaventure Metro station and points south
 * Place de la Cathédrale and Saint Catherine Street

Other

 * McGill University
 * Percival Molson Memorial Stadium / Montreal Alouettes
 * McCord Museum of Canadian History
 * Redpath Museum
 * Christ Church Cathedral
 * CJNT-DT / Citytv studios
 * Royal Victoria Hospital - Legacy Site
 * Montreal Neurological Hospital
 * Phillips Square

title: McGill station (Montreal Metro)


text:
Sakon Nakhon

Sakon Nakhon (สกลนคร, ; sometimes written Sakhon Nakhon) is a city (thesaban nakhon) in Thailand within the Isan region, and capital city of Sakon Nakhon Province as well as Mueang Sakon Nakhon District, with a population of approximately 76,000. Sakon Nakhon covers the whole tambon of That Choeng Chum and parts of tambons Ngio Don, Huai Yang, Dong Mafai, That Na Weng and Hang Hong. Sakon Nakhon is 651 km north-east of Bangkok by road.

History
During World War II, Sakon Nakhon became a haven for Free Thais, and a base for Communist activities in the late 1950s.

Geography
Sakon Nakhon lies on a flat plain at about 175 m elevation on the south-west bank of Lake Nong Han, the largest lake of north-east Thailand. The town is surrounded by extensive farmland.

Climate
Sakon Nakhon has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Winters are dry and very warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is hot with the average daily maximum at 35.2 °C. The monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm. The highest temperature of 42.5 °C was recorded on 12, 15 and 17 April 2016. While the lowest temperature of 0.5 °C was recorded on 12 January 1955.

Economy
Fish and rice are two of the major products of the region.

Transportation
Route 22 leads west to Udon Thani, 160. km distant, and east to Nakhon Phanom (91 km) and the border with Laos. Route 223 leads south to That Phanom (76 km). Route 213 leads southwest to Kalasin (131 km).

There is a regional airport, Sakon Nakhon Airport, on the north side of the city.

Notable people
Notable people born in Sakon Nakthon, and notable residents and ex-residents include:
 * Jiranun Sakultangphaisal (born 1965 in Sakon Nakthon), philanthropist

title: Sakon Nakhon


text:
Trat

Trat (ตราด, ), also spelt Trad, is a town in Thailand, capital of Trat province and the Mueang Trat district. The town is in the east of Thailand, at the mouth of the Trat River, near the border with Cambodia.

Etymology
Trat is believed to derive from Krat (กราด), the Thai name for the tree Dipterocarpus intricatus, common to the region and used to make brooms. It is also spelt Trad.

History
Trat was already an important seaport in the Kingdom of Ayutthaya.

Under King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), Trat and Chanthaburi province were briefly occupied by the French. In a complicated exchange of territory, Trat (and Chanthaburi) was returned on March 23, 1906, but Thailand relinquished the area around Siem Reap and Sisophon in present-day Cambodia.

When the Vietnamese pushed the Khmer Rouge out of Cambodia in 1985, Pol Pot fled to Thailand and made his headquarters in a plantation villa near Trat. It was built for him by the Thai Army and nicknamed "Office 87".

Geography
Trat Province is located in the eastern part of the central region of Thailand, in the extreme southeast of Thailand near the border with Cambodia. It is just over 300 km from the capital Bangkok.

Climate
Trat experiences a tropical monsoon climate, with the dry season taking place from November to April and the wet season lasting from May to October.

Economy
Trat, favored by its proximity to the Cambodian border, is of some importance as a trading city. The area around Trat is rich in gemstone mines, whose yield (rubies and sapphires) is processed right in the town. Fruit growing is also important: durian, rambutan and mangosteen are the main products.

For tourists, Trat is more interesting as a starting point to the large islands of Ko Chang and Ko Mak.

The city of Trat had 10,207 inhabitants.

title: Trat


text:
Lawyers in Love

Lawyers in Love is the seventh album by American singer-songwriter Jackson Browne, released in 1983 by Asylum Records. It was Browne's fourth straight Top 10 album and stayed on the charts for 33 weeks, peaking at No. 8 on the Billboard 200. Out of eight tracks, four were released as singles. The title song reached No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was accompanied by one of Browne's first music videos released on MTV.

Background and recording
In the intervening years between 1980's Hold Out and Lawyers in Love, Browne had released the single "Somebody's Baby", which became his biggest commercial hit to date, peaking at No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100. Lawyers in Love was the first Browne album since his 1972 self-titled debut not to feature guitarist David Lindley. Replacing Lindley were guitarists Rick Vito and Danny Kortchmar.

Co-producer and engineer Greg Ladanyi explained the album's unusual recording sessions: "For this record, Jackson wanted to be downtown, where the people were. So we found a warehouse in downtown L.A., and just turned it into a studio. We set it up so that the band could play without the distractions of a normal studio because, for the most part, Jackson was writing the songs – in terms of the key changes and chord changes – based on what he was hearing when the band was playing. There was no 'Okay, it's take one or take two.' We kept the tape rolling just about all the time. And there are very few overdubs."

On the track "Downtown", Browne ad-libs a line to the melody of the Petula Clark song of the same name at the end of the song.

Critical
Critic Robert Christgau called the album "a satire on, celebration of, and lament for the upper-middle classmates an Orange County liberal knows like he knows his neighbor's backyard". Rolling Stone critic Christopher Connelly felt that the record was "a more nervy, intelligent LP than its predecessor" and "a welcome widening of perspective that allows Browne to escape, once and for all, the L.A. albatross that has hung around his neck." However, he despised the "wretched" 5:20 of "antinuke agitprop" that is "Say It Isn't True" for displaying the worst traits of the album: "No quarrel here with the sentiments he's expressing, but to gravely intone, 'There always has been and always will be war,' over a 'Kum BaYa'-like coo of 'Say it isn't true' — surely, you say to yourself, he can't be that stupid."

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, William Ruhlmann referred to Browne's often overlooked songcrafting, but wrote "the craft, and the familiar tightness of Browne's veteran studio/live band, couldn't hide the essentially retread nature of much of this material."

Commercial
Lawyers in Love reached No. 8 on the Billboard 200. The album was certified as a gold record in 1983 and platinum in 2001 by the RIAA.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Jackson Browne, except where noted.

Side one
 * 1) "Lawyers in Love" – 4:18
 * 2) "On the Day" – 3:56
 * 3) "Cut It Away" – 4:45
 * 4) "Downtown" – 4:37

Side two
 * 1) "Tender Is the Night" (Browne, Danny Kortchmar, Russ Kunkel) – 4:50
 * 2) "Knock on Any Door" (Browne, Craig Doerge, Kortchmar) – 3:39
 * 3) "Say It Isn't True" – 5:20
 * 4) "For a Rocker" – 4:05

Personnel
Musicians
 * Jackson Browne – guitar, vocals
 * Russ Kunkel – drums
 * Bob Glaub – bass guitar; guitar ("Lawyers in Love"), organ ("Say It Isn't True")
 * Craig Doerge – pianos, synthesizers
 * Doug Haywood – organ, vocals; bass guitar ("Say It Isn't True")
 * Rick Vito – lead guitar, vocals
 * Danny Kortchmar – unspecified instrumentation
 * Bill Payne – organ ("On the Day")

Technical
 * Jackson Browne – producer
 * Greg Ladanyi – producer, engineer
 * James Geddes – engineer
 * Danny Kortchmar – arrangements
 * Ed Wong – technical engineer
 * Brian Reed – production assistant
 * Doug Sax – mastering
 * Mike Reese – mastering
 * Jimmy Wachtel – art direction, design
 * Dawn Patrol – art direction, design
 * Matti Klatt – front cover photography
 * Randee St. Nicholas – back cover photography
 * Joe Sohms – moon shot
 * Elmi Graphics – front cover print
 * Howard Carriker – front cover retouching
 * Gloria Von Jansky – front cover type
 * John Rothschild – set, light
 * Tim Griffith – set, light

Charts
Album – Billboard (United States)

Singles – Billboard (United States)

title: Lawyers in Love