text:
Wikipedia:AMA Requests for Assistance/Archive1

See AMA Requests for Assistance for current requests, and for placing a new request, for Members' Advocacy.

This is an archive of advocacy requests made between June 2004 through the end of September 2004.

ELISEcorinn re Poetry
i'm sorry to complain but i'm worried about the poetry page. what is on there is completely un-appropriate and in no way describes poetry. i'm sure that that page could be better, but i don't know enough about poetry to do anything about it. please, someone, FIX THE POETRY PAGE!!! -User:ELISEcorinn
 * I think you didn't understand what the AMA is for. The AMA is not aplace for making correcting requests (the Poetry page maybe doesn't show poetry). This place is to request assistance in disputes with (an)other user(s). Sorry, this isn't the right place. -Neigel von Teighen 17:40, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Gene Ward Smith vs. Truth seeker and Simplebrain
After seeing some requests for review, I've gotten into editing conflicts with two different people with what I would characterize as a crank perspective. One is Modern geocentrism by user:Truth seeker. Truth seeker apparently believes, on the basis of his understanding of the Bible, that the Earth is the center of the universe and reverts things to his liking to eliminate critical perspectives. An erudite recent version by user:Charles Matthews seems to me a better basis for an article, and I corrected some spelling errors and reverted to it, but Truth seeker evidently does not like how it deals with some of the arguments in favor of geocentrism. I think some accomodation with Truth seeker needs to be found, and would like help.

Even more difficult is another user, user:Simplebrain who will not accept any article on Science of Value which is not simply a cult-like puff piece for Robert S. Hartman. Simplebrain wants to claim this so-called "science" is based on an axiom and that it proceeds deducitively from this axiom, and at the same time, strangely enough, that it proceeds inductively from data. Neither is true; Hartman is, or was, a philosopher of dubious credentials who did not understand the mathematical vocabularly he insisted on using, and whose key idea is that "a thing is good if it fulfills its definition." Simplebrain does not seem interested in talking to the rest of us on the talk page for this article. Gene Ward Smith 05:50, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I have made contact with this user. Wally 22:59, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Spinboy re VfD on Students' Society of McGill University
I created the article Students' Society of McGill University after seeing quite a few listings in the Category:United Kingdom Students' Unions and created other articles myself. Now it's being voted on for deletion. I don't agree with this as there are many other articles, not created by me, on students unions. I'd appreciate some help. Thank you. Spinboy 20:56, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * For the record, this article survived VfD. The advocacy guidelines do not mention article advocacy in VfD. I would argue that this is not an appropriate duty for a member's advocate. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  ]] 01:23, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * I think that is a good issue to consider when deciding if advocacy work is appropriate when people list their disputes here. We can help people who have problems understanding the dispute resolution process or who need someone who can help them articulate their position when dealing with other members who may have more experience; so it is important to make sure that within some request for acting as some kind of mediator there is not also a request just to help the individual with understanding the process or what they are trying to achieve, that, IMHO, is within the balliwick of advocacy here. Remember someone is reaching out to our association because they can't figure out how to do it themselves, so even a little informal communication may be very helpful to them without some declaration of full "advocacy" status on their behalf. Your coordinator. — ©   Alex756   06:08, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

User:Maurreen vs. unknown
Are member advocates used outside the formal dispute resolution proces? If not, is there anywhere else I can get help while my patience is being tested? One way or another, I need help with another user. It is one conflict after another. Probably unintentionally, it seems like he has followed me. Please help me. Thank you. Maurreen 08:44, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Withdrawing request, at least for now: Another user, not an advocate, saw my frustration elsewhere and is trying to help. I will see how that works out and withdraw my request for the time being at least. Thank you. Maurreen 08:00, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * It seems that the guidelines for advocacy are loose enough to potentially be involved at even the earliest stages of the dispute process, though I would think that the formal processes would be the most appropriate for advocacy. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  ]] 01:23, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)

Michael Glass vs. Robert the Bruce
I am trying to make a positive contribution to Medical Analysis of Circumcision. However, almost all my edits are reverted by Robert the Bruce. I have attempted to discuss issues on the talk page and this has worked on some points. However, this user is becoming more and more offensive. Please advise.Michael Glass 06:18, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with Michael's comment. In my opinion there are three points of disagreement in the article:
 * the introduction
 * Winkelmann and Taylor articles
 * Bensley/Boyle survey
 * Please advise us on how to deal with someone who shows little interest in resolving the conflict over what should be included. -- DanBlackham 22:08, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * This page is for the purpose of requesting an advocate to assist you with your side of a particular dispute. See Guide to Advocacy. This is not the same as a request for mediation. A member can represent you or assist you in your actions to resolve a dispute, but we are not mediators. If you would like the assistance of an Advocate, you may feel free to conatct me on my talk page or email me through my user page link. If you feel you have requested the wrong thing, I would suggest you read over the Wikipedia's Dispute Resolution guidelines. Either way, best of luck to you. Skyler1534 22:26, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

20040302 vs. Atreus et al
There is (once more) a dispute arising at Talk:Atheism. I am satisfied that multiple POVs should brought into the article, but some regulars such as Adraeus and Bryan et al. are particularly interested in brow-beating the issue. Particularly, I find remarks such as "Sorry, bub. You're wrong." particularly intolerant of POVs that differ from their author. Last time the issue was raised, there was just one voice (Sam Spade in a glove puppet) who disagreed with them, and his viewpoint was considered solitary. Now there is a multiplicity of views and arguments, that appear to be split on the issue of whether or not atheism/theism is an exclusive dichotomy. My position regarding the article is that both POV (exclusive/non-exclusive) are legitimate views, but I have been told by Atreus "If you edit the article to suit your view, I'll consider your edit vandalism and act appropriately." Help! (20040302 16:30, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC))
 * I don't think you actually understand what you have requested, 20040302. Take a look at this page. Andre ( talk )A| 17:03, Oct 23, 2004 (UTC)

Whats this bit about glove puppets? I hope your not suggesting I have a Sockpuppet? [[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 21:46, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sneitzke re Direct democracy
See request immediately below. No need to followup. Mr. Combat ran in another mental pygmy, who took charge of my unruly self and inept material. I'm confident that there's no explaining to that pair that POV is the natural consequent of countering fallacious and sophistic criticisms of direct democracy, that the only alternative is treating the fallacies and sophisms as if they are logical and reasonable. The mental pygmies insist on treating the fallacies and sophisms with decency and respect. It's what mental pygmies are good for. I won't be back. : Sneitzke 11:06, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * IMO we cannot operate under the assumption that POV is inevitable, even in advocacy efforts. Comments? - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  ]] 01:23, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)

I'm new. I'd like an advocate to look in on the "Direct Democracy" article. I'm having a conflict with "Stevietheman", whose ego I've unfortunately punctured. After reading several of your pages to get started, I had this mistaken notion that I would run into community members who would be helpful and respectful. Instead, I've got Mr. Combat. I think we might be in a revert war. (I just hate being bitch-slapped by ignorant people.) I'm good in combat, but I get bored quickly. I've just no need for it. Direct Democracy has been my avocation for over 11 years -- on top of dual phil/hist majors at Univ Calif Santa Barbara and four decades of reading history and politics. I've had a web site dedicated to international DD up since March 1998, with a large volume of DD email from round the world throughout those years. I'm used to talking DD stuff. I might hang around to figuratively kick some more snot out of Mr. Combat, but I won't bother your community much longer. I really do have some nice things to do. stephen@ddleague-usa.net : Sneitzke 09:19, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Just a note here. I have been involved in the dispute and have begun an attempt at reconciling the old version of the page with the new version, which breaks NPOV rules but contains substantial new material.  I hope that this may resolve any dispute. Barnaby dawson 09:33, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Pmetzger re Anarchist symbolism
I'm having trouble over on the Anarchist_symbolism page. There only appear to be about three of us actively involved in editing it at the moment, and we're not exactly in agreement about one section (on an anarchocapitalist symbol) but we've been working our dispute out peacefully in the talk page so far as I can tell, and are indeed converging on a consensus. In the last 24 hours, however, an anonymous user has repeatedly altered or removed the section he apparently doesn't like. I've been forced to revert it twice and I'm worried that this will escalate. I don't quite know what to do as I have no way of contacting the anonymous person and they do not appear to be participating in the talk page discussion. What should I do? Getting into a revert war seems totally counterproductive. --Pmetzger 15:24, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * This situation has been peacefully resolved (hopefully) after the consensus on the talk page is to move the anarchocapitalist symbol to its own page. In any case, the only unreasonable party in this dispute was the anon, who seems to be no longer active. • Benc • 00:54, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

FWBOarticle vs. Adam Carr re White Australia Policy
I'm requesting an adovocate over article White Australia Policy to deal with User:Adam_Carr. I just noticed that similar request is made against Adam Carr in this page. FWBOarticle 17:22, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Dispute appear to be subsided. Thanks. FWBOarticle 07:02, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Walabio vs. Dwindrim re VfD on Genital Integrity and Intact Day (?)
Dear Members of Association of Members' Advocates:

Denni ☯ listed to of my articles for deletion. When I asked why, I received this response:

 * ¿What do you have against Genital Integrity and Intact Day?

 * Nothing, except the high-pitched shrieking of those who believe that having one's foreskin removed is like having one's brain removed. I have seen you before, Walabio, and all I can say is that I hope I never find myself so one-track-minded on an issue as you. While I am neutral in the circumcision debate, I see intact Day as a huge joke (what are you going to do - wave your foreskin about?). Neither of these articles is acceptable for Wikipedia, either because they are (genital integrity) a neologism, and (Intact Day), a singularly unrecognised celebration. Did you not bother to read my comments? Denni ☯ 23:21, 2004 Aug 1 (UTC)

Denni ☯ seems biased against Intactivism, and maybe me.

Ŭalabio 00:15, 2004 Aug 2 (UTC)

Eric Walberg re Anti semitism
Dear mediator,

First let me commend everyone involved on a generally excellent reference aid. I just found Wikipedia and have found it on the whole balanced in presentation. Unfortunately, the entry on anti-semitism http://www.fact-index.com/a/an/anti_semitism_1.html is misleading and more harm than help. I have checked the procedure for criticizing articles, found the talk pages and realized this is such a contentious topic it requires mediation. I am sending you a few points for consideration.

I will make three points, though the whole entry is problematic.

1. Anti-semitism is a late 19th c term, which the article admits, but then applies to the entire 2000 years of anti-Jewish sentiment. It is no coincidence that it arose at the same time as semitism and Zionism, the former referring to Jewish ideas or influence in politics or society, the latter to the Jewish nationalist movement aimed at establishing a Jewish state. Jewish influence and assimilation in Europe increased dramatically with the consolidation of capitalism, and Zionism (anti-assimilationism) was a major cause of this new phenomenon ANTI-semitism. Anti-semitism, which ironically was coined in 1880, BEFORE semitism, originally referred to a belief in Jewish racially inferiority (clearly in reaction to belief in Jewish racial superiority), but has now been transformed into "opposition to Zionism: sympathy with opponents of the state of Israel" (Webster's Third New International Dictionary), i.e., equating it with anti-Zionism. Zionism is a blatantly racist dotrine as opposed to a merely nationalist one, and it is no surprise that as Europe became more secular and opened itself to the Jews, this racist strain inJewish thought PROVOKED a negative reaction.

2. There is no reference to the REAL sources of anti-Jewish sentiment ***through the ages***: this inherent racism of Judaism (the Chosen People doctrine), and the Talmud, which among other shocking things describes Jesusas the anti-Christ and Satan and glories in the belief that Jews indeed are responsible for killing Christ. A list of the many anti-Christian (anti-human) doctrines of the Talmud would require a volume in itself.

3. Christianity had very good reason to REACT AGAINST Jewish customs and activity right from the start. And many reputable historians would argue that outbursts of persecution of Jews in history have everything to do with machinations by Jews themselves, causing a reactionary against them, rather than an ingrained tendency towards racism by non-Jews. This is n fact the history of anti-Jewish prejudice for at least 2000 years. Again, a volume is needed here! Medieval Spain and England and the 19th c Ottoman empire are egregious examples of Jews gaining a financial stranglehold and suffering the consequences.

This unbalanced presentation of a very delicate issue feeds a dangerous misunderstanding of the role of Jews in their host societies at a time when the world is descending rapidly into world war prompted in the view of many authorities (including the likes of Finkelstein and Chomsky) by the actions of Israel.

It is telling that in other articles dealing with Jewish matters (Schneerson, anti-Zionism) the entries are qualified with "The neutrality of this article is disputed." Curiously the entry on anti-semitism is BOTH protected and free of this qualification, though I see there is at least some discussion going on the talk page. I'm not interested in engaging in online polemics, and I understand this issue is perhaps the most explosive in Wikipedia, but I see no reason why 'the other side' should not be fairly presented, even if the pro-Jewish POV gets the final word. Can you suggest how to proceed? Thanks.

Yours truly,

Eric Walberg eric@albatros.uz

PS I tried to register at Wikipedia as Walberg1 but I find the system very confusing and I don't know if my page functions properly. Please contact me by email. Thanks. ^^^^^^^^^

 * This is not a forum to request mediation. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  ]] 01:23, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)

Herschelkrustofsky vs. Adam Carr re Lyndon Larouche
I am requesting assistance with respect to an edit war over article Lyndon LaRouche. LaRouche is undoubtably an unusually controversial person; I began editing an article that had obviously been subject to many, many edits already. I was scrupulous about acknowledging the controversy, and the existence of opposing viewpoints; I concentrated on addressing outright falsehood, or dubious assertions made without documentation.

The problem began when User:Adam_Carr simply eliminated the article, and posted a new one, which is a fanatical attack, and would be considered libelous back in the days when libel laws were taken seriously. He simultaneously proclaimed his intention to pursue a revert war. He was supported in this by User:John_Kenney, who also took the position that no article should be permitted that was not a full-on character assassination.

As soon as I reached the conclusion that Adam would not discuss, only revert (it appears that he has an history of this approach to disputes), I posted a request for mediation. The page (Adam's version) was protected by User:Mirv on June 21. Both Adam and John refused mediation.

In subsequent discussion, John (who is a sysop) became somewhat more open to negotiation, but has not participated now for several days. Adam has indicated that he has no intention of negotiating anything.

A week has gone by, and I feel that the page as presently protected is an embarrassment to Wikipedia. I would like to explore other avenues to resolve this conflict.--Herschelkrustofsky 00:51, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd like to help, but my internet is nonfunctioning at home and I want to set someone up (or at least see a conclusion) to the Newberry-Terjapetersen thing. If I can offer preliminary assistance (if sporadic assistance), I'd be happy to do so. Wally 15:06, 2 Jul 2004 (UTC)

FWBOarticle vs anon re Friends of the Western Buddhist Order
I am requesting assistance with dealing with people who is keep delating my section of an article.

The article is about a New Religious Movement called "Friends of Western Buddhist Order" (FWBO) which is pretty much unknown in u.s.a but is quite big in u.k. The writer of the main section of the article is a member of FWBO. I have inserted a collection of links which is critical to the organisation. This said member is keep deleting my section. He appear to do this every time he see my section being up. It also appear that another FWBO member has joined in. I certainly do not have stamina to undeleting my section if members of FWBO start to police the site. FWBOarticle 12:35, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I and Mahabala is close to reaching a consensus. However, another user "Nobody" is simply deleting my section without trying much to get into discussion. I do not wish the page to become protected as lot can be improved. So can anyone reason with this guy? FWBOarticle 00:31, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Stirling Newberry vs User:Terjepetersen
I am requesting assistance with dealing with User:Terjepetersen. My POV on this:

The example articles are supply side economics and the gold standard.

1. Poster entered with the express intent to only write his POV. 2. Poster was inaccurate even with respect to his own POV. 3. Poseter's contributions are solely to his own POV. 4. Poster complains that anything other than his POV is not correct. 5. Poster engages in editing wars to slant articles to his POV 6. Poster will not discuss, but instead takes a high handed and arrogant approach. 7. Poster cannot be trusted not to continually add more POV filligree to articles, often leading to repetative statements which require repetative balancing. 8. Poster then complains about the repetition and even vandalizes articles.

I will also state for the record that I am fed up with his childish and obnoxious behavior, and the crassness with which he engages in it. Good will is important, this poster violates this basic idea.

Stirling Newberry 14:17, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm contacting relevant parties on this matter and bringing it to the attention of those involved, if I may be so bold. :P Wally 20:04, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC)


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File:SkinnyPuppy-TooDarkPark.jpg

Cover of Too Dark Park album by Skinny Puppy

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:SkinnyPuppy-TooDarkPark.jpg


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User:Alpharigel

This is my wikipedia page

Working mostly on reformating stuff to make it look simple and nice.

title: User:Alpharigel


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1970 in rail transport

January events

 * January 5 and 6 – The Erie Lackawanna's trains Nos. 5 and 6, The Lake Cities, from Hoboken to Chicago, are discontinued, ending all of the Lackawanna's long-distance passenger services.
 * Reginald N. Whitman succeeds John W. Barriger III as president of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad.

February events

 * February 1 – The Kennedy Extension (5.2 mi) of the CTA in Chicago is put into operation between Logan Square and Jefferson Park via a subway connection and the median of the Kennedy Expressway. Six new stations are opened at Logan Square, (replacing the former 1895-built elevated stop), Belmont, Addison, Irving Park, Montrose, and Jefferson Park.
 * February 1 – The Benavídez rail disaster, the worst rail accident in Argentina's history, kills 168 people.
 * February 13 – The United States Interstate Commerce Commission approves the discontinuation of the California Zephyr passenger train.
 * February 23 – Indian Pacific begins public operation on the new standard gauge East–west rail corridor (Australia) between Sydney Central and East Perth.

March events

 * March 2 – The Great Northern Railway, Northern Pacific Railway, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad and the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway merge to form Burlington Northern Railroad.
 * March 7 – In Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan, the Shonan Monorail opens for service between Ōfuna Station and Nishi-Kamakura Station.
 * March 22 – The Western Pacific Railroad portion of the California Zephyr makes its last run.
 * March 27 – A runaway freight train accident in icy weather which destroys the railway bridge of L'Estanguet near Accous brings about closure of the Pau–Canfranc railway line as a trans-Pyreneen route between France and Spain.

April events

 * April 12 – Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad discontinues its Black Hawk passenger train service between Chicago and Minneapolis–Saint Paul.
 * April 27 – The first double-deck passenger cars to operate in regular service on Canadian passenger trains enter service in Montreal.
 * April 30 – Canadian Pacific Railway operates its first unit train of coal destined for Japanese markets from Sparwood, British Columbia.

May events

 * May 20 – The Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) relinquishes its interest in 44-mile (72 km) Tijuana and Tecate Railway Company to Mexico's national railway, Ferrocarril Sonora Baja California, S.A. de C.V.
 * May 20 – The Audenshaw Junction rail accident near Guide Bridge railway station, Greater Manchester, England kills two passengers.

June events

 * June 21 – Penn Central declares Section 77 bankruptcy in the largest corporate bankruptcy in United States history thus far. The trains continue to run.
 * June 25 – Greater London Council's Policy and Resources committee endorses enlargement of the London Underground network by construction of a new "Fleet Line" and extension of the Piccadilly line to Heathrow Airport.
 * June 28 – The Chicago Urban Transportation District is created by local referendum in downtown Chicago to finance and build the 1968 Loop and Distributor Subway project as recommended by the Chicago Central Area Transit Planning Study.

July events

 * July 1 – China Railway opens Chengdu–Kunming railway, 1085 km in length with 427 tunnels and 653 bridges.
 * July 6 – Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad moves its South Bend, Indiana, passenger stop from downtown South Bend to another facility near the Bendix plant after the last train leaves the downtown terminal.

August events

 * August 22 – 3801 traverses Australia from the east coast to the west coast with the Western Endeavour train.
 * August 25 – Mobile and Gulf Railroad operates the last regularly scheduled steam locomotive-powered train on a common carrier railroad in North America.

September events

 * September 20 – Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad San Juan Extension between Antonito and Alamosa, Colorado, begins conversion from dual gauge to standard gauge by lifting the gauge rails.

October events

 * October 30 – President of the United States Richard Nixon signs into law the Rail Passenger Service Act, a bill that creates Amtrak to take over the burden of passenger train operations in America.

November events

 * November – Norwegian State Railways completes electrification of Dovre Line and withdraws its last steam locomotives.

December events

 * December – The Boston and Maine Corporation, operators of the Boston & Maine Railroad, declares bankruptcy.
 * December 29 – Last official steam-hauled express passenger train in Australia, the 'Newcastle Flyer', hauled by New South Wales C38 class locomotive #3820.

Unknown date events

 * The diesel engine manufacturing business of the former American Locomotive Company is sold to White Motor Corporation.
 * Shipment of gasoline from Casper, Wyoming, the city that shipped the greatest amount in the world of gasoline by rail earlier in the 20th century, is shifted from railroad tank cars to a new pipeline.
 * The New York City Subway begins removing its R1-R9 units from service.
 * Historic American Engineering Record surveys the original main line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

April deaths

 * April 25 – Oliver Bulleid, chief mechanical engineer of Southern Railway in Great Britain 1937–1948 (b. 1882).

July deaths

 * July 4 – Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, heir to Cornelius Vanderbilt and president of the New York Central Railroad system (b. 1884).

title: 1970 in rail transport


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Aldridge-Brownhills (UK Parliament constituency)

Aldridge-Brownhills is a constituency in the West Midlands, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. It has been represented since 2015 by Wendy Morton, a Conservative.

Constituency profile
The constituency covers Aldridge and Brownhills as well as a patchwork of smaller towns and villages within Walsall, West Midlands. The seat is described as a safe seat for the Conservative party. Residents are around average in terms of wealth for the UK.

Boundaries
Aldridge-Brownhills constituency was created in 1974 from parts of the former seats of Walsall North and Walsall South. It is one of four constituencies covering the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall. It covers the north-east and east of the borough. When held by the Labour Party, the constituency included most of Pheasey, a ward of the same name, then a stronger area for Labour than much of the rest, which was moved into Walsall South to account for population expansion in the seat.

1974–1983: The Urban District of Aldridge-Brownhills.

1983–2010: The Metropolitan Borough of Walsall wards of Aldridge Central and South, Aldridge North and Walsall Wood, Brownhills, Hatherton Rushall, Pelsall, and Streetly.

2010–2024: The Metropolitan Borough of Walsall wards of Aldridge Central and South, Aldridge North and Walsall Wood, Brownhills, Pelsall, Rushall-Shelfield, and Streetly.

2024-present: From the 2024 general election, the constituency is composed of the following wards (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

 * The Borough of Walsall wards of: Aldridge Central and South; Aldridge North and Walsall Wood; Brownhills; Paddock (polling districts UE and UF); Pelsall; Pheasey Park Farm; Rushall-Shelfield; Streetly

To bring the electorate within the permitted range, the seat was expanded to the south by transferring in the Pheasey Park Farm ward and part of the Paddock ward from the former constituency of Walsall South which was abolished in 2024.

Members of Parliament
The constituency has had just three different MPs since its formation in February 1974. Geoff Edge of the Labour Party served the constituency from February 1974 until 1979, when it was gained by Richard Shepherd of the Conservative Party; who was to represent the constituency for thirty-six years, even withstanding the 1997 Labour landslide on a below average Conservative-to-Labour swing. In 2014 Sir Richard Shepherd announced he would not stand for re-election at the 2015 general election. Wendy Morton, was selected to replace him as the Conservative candidate, and secured the seat with a safe majority of 11,723 votes.


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Explosions-Polka

Explosions-Polka, Op. 43, is a polka written by Johann Strauss II in 1847. The title was inspired by a discovery of guncotton or nitrocellulose by German scientist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1840. The Viennese press eagerly reported this discovery many years later in 1846, describing many products that can then be made 'explosive'.

The polka is one of Strauss's novelty pieces, capturing a vogue. The Explosions-Polka was written for a benefit concert entitled 'Lust-Explosionsfest' (Joyful Explosions Festival), held in the Sträussl-Säle of the Theater in der Josefstadt on 8 February 1847 during the Vienna Fasching season. It was then played to 'explosive applause' at Café Dommayer and other venues in Vienna.

The polka incorporates many explosion effects throughout the piece, and is one of the most popular early pieces of the composer. It was played at the 1974, 1990, and 2015 Vienna New Year's Concerts. George Balanchine incorporated this polka into his ballet Vienna Waltzes.

title: Explosions-Polka


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The New Batman/Superman Adventures

The New Batman/Superman Adventures is a name given to a package series that combined Superman: The Animated Series with The New Batman Adventures produced by Warner Bros. Animation. It aired from 1997–2000 on Kids' WB. Although it was part of the DC Animated Universe, each half-hour episode in the hour-and-one-half block featured either a single repeat from the original Superman: The Animated Series run, the original Batman: The Animated Series run, or a brand new story featuring Batman from The New Batman Adventures. These new stories focus more on Batman's supporting cast and introduced new characters such as Tim Drake. The two animated universes were united in the Superman episode "World's Finest", which tells the story of Batman and Superman's first meeting. The new Batman episodes that began airing in the Fall 1997 season were later released as a DVD box set of Batman: The Animated Series as Volume 4. New Superman episodes that later aired in the Fall 1998 season and onward are now considered to be the third season of Superman: The Animated Series.

Production
In 1997, it was announced that the Batman series would have a revamp, replacing its art style with streamlined designs for more consistent animation, and to maintain similarity with the simultaneously running Superman: The Animated Series (1996–2000). The WB wanted more episodes of Batman, so 24 new episodes were produced featuring a format that focused more on Batman's supporting cast. Also, because of the animation similarities, TNBA was aired simultaneously with the Superman series as part of an hour-long segment called The New Batman/Superman Adventures. The shows shared a brand new opening, but TNBA was later given the same opening and closing of BTAS when aired in syndication and released on home video.

Recurring characters

 * Bob Hastings – Commissioner Gordon
 * Loren Lester – Dick Grayson / Nightwing
 * Nicholle Tom – Kara In-Ze / Kara Kent / Supergirl
 * Joseph Bologna – SCU Lt. Daniel "Dan" Turpin
 * George Dzundza – Perry White
 * Mathew Valencia -Tim Drake / Robin
 * Lauren Tom – Angela Chen
 * David Kaufman – James "Jimmy" Olsen

Recurring villains
• Ron Perlman – Matt Hagen / Clayface & Jax-Ur

• Michael Ansara – Victor Fries / Mr. Freeze

• Paul Williams – Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin

• Diane Pershing – Dr. Pamela Isley / Poison Ivy

• John Glover – Edward Nygma / The Riddler

• Jeffrey Combs – Prof. Jonathan Crane / The Scarecrow

• Richard Moll – Harvey Dent / Two-Face

• George Dzundza – Arnold Wesker / The Ventriloquist / Scarface

• Adrienne Barbeau – Selina Kyle / Catwoman

• Roddy McDowall – Dr. Jervis Tetch / The Mad Hatter

• Henry Silva – Bane

• Brooks Gardner – Waylon Jones / Killer Croc

• Mark Rolston – Garfield Lynns/Firefly

• Laraine Newman – Mary Dahl / Baby Doll

• Charity James – Roxanne Sutton/Roxy Rocket

• Sela Ward – Page Monroe/Calendar Girl

• Stephen Wolfe Smith – Klarion the Witch Boy

• Lori Petty – Leslie Willis / Livewire

• Michael Ironside – Darkseid

• Malcolm McDowell – John Corben / Metallo

• Michael Dorn – Kalibak

• Bruce Weitz – Bruno Mannheim

• Gilbert Gottfried – Mister Mxyzptlk

• Brad Garrett – Lobo

• William H. Macy – Director of the Paranormals Institute

• Bud Cort – Toyman

Episodes
Note: These are the crossover episodes from the two series.

Feature film

 * The Batman/Superman Movie: World's Finest (1997) – a direct-to-video compilation of three episodes that originally aired back-to-back-to-back as a single TV special during the second season of Superman: The Animated Series.

title: The New Batman/Superman Adventures


text:
Los Angeles Trade–Technical College

Los Angeles Trade–Technical College (L.A. Trade–Tech, LATTC) is a public community college in Los Angeles, California. It is part of the Los Angeles Community College District and is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC), American Culinary Federation, and League of Nursing, among others.

History
Founded as the Frank Wiggins Trade School in 1925, the college is the oldest of the nine campuses of the Los Angeles Community College District.

After World War II, the school moved to the former campus of John H. Francis Polytechnical High School, which had relocated to Sun Valley. It then expanded the campus and combined with Metropolitan College to expand its programs.

In 1954, the school was renamed Los Angeles Trade–Technical Junior College. In 1969, the college became a part of the Los Angeles Community College District.

L.A. Trade Tech's fashion design program is the oldest in Los Angeles, having started in 1925. During World War Two, the college offered around-the-clock courses so women could train in vocational areas to help the war effort.

The college was featured on the PBS television series Downtown with Huell Howser.

Campus
The 25-acre campus is located just south of the Historic Core of Los Angeles.

Notable alumni

 * Lester Oliver Bankhead (1912–1997), architect, attended in around 1945, and known for church architecture in Los Angeles, California
 * Don Campbell (1951–2020), creator of the hip-hop dance style called locking
 * Carole Little (c. 1935–2015), clothing designer
 * Matthew G. Martínez (1929–2011), United States House of Representatives member
 * Allan McCollum (born 1944), New York City-based contemporary artist
 * Rick Owens (born 1962), fashion designer, owner of the Rick Owens clothing label
 * Jeffrey Sebelia, fashion designer, winner of Project Runway Season 3, and founder of the clothing label "Cosa Nostra"
 * Tadashi Shoji (born 1948), Japanese-American fashion designer, and owner of Tadashi Shoji and T by Tadashi clothing labels
 * Mister Cartoon (born 1968/1969), tattoo artist and painter

title: Los Angeles Trade–Technical College


text:
File:Paragraph175filmdvdcover.jpg

Summary
Paragraph 175 film DVD cover

Licensing
== Fair use in Paragraph 175 (film) == Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promote a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Paragraph175filmdvdcover.jpg


text:
1980 in rail transport

January

 * January 7 – The Dunmurry train explosion takes place on board a Ballymena to Belfast passenger train service, when a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) incendiary bomb explodeds prematurely, killing three people.
 * January 23 – Western Pacific Railroad president R. G. "Mike" Flannery announces that an agreement has been reached for the railroad to be controlled by Union Pacific Railroad.

February

 * February 18 – Muni Metro is officially inaugurated in San Francisco, with weekday N Judah service in the Market Street subway. Other lines were transitioned from surface operations in stages until 1982.
 * February 20 – Canadian Pacific Railway officially abandons its Eganville subdivision, including tracks between Payne and Douglas, Ontario.

March

 * March 1 – The Milwaukee Road ends operations on all points west of Miles City, Montana, shutting down nearly half of the railroad.
 * March 16 – The Toei Shinjuku Line is extended from Iwamotocho to Shinjuku in Tokyo, Japan, enabling through service onto the Keio Line.
 * March 31 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (the Rock Island) ceases operations.

April

 * April 16 – After a complete system overhaul, the Glasgow Subway is reopened.

May

 * May – Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority extends passenger service to Concord, New Hampshire.
 * May – The Interstate Commerce Commission approves the liquidation of the Rock Island Railroad; at 7,073 track miles covering 13 states, it is the largest such action in United States history.
 * May 9 – The EMD AEM-7 electric locomotive enters revenue service with Amtrak.
 * May 15 – John S. Reed of the Santa Fe and Benjamin Biaggini of the Southern Pacific issue a joint release announcing their intentions to merge the two railroads to form Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad.

June

 * June 1
 * The Oslo Tunnel opens, connecting the eastern and western rail networks of Norway.
 * A new rail link opens between the city of Zürich and Zurich International Airport

July

 * July 25 – Winsum train disaster, two trains collide on a single track between Groningen and Roodeschool, near Winsum, Netherlands, resulting in 9 deaths and 21 injured.
 * July 31 – Boston and Maine Railroad, 2 men struck on track 16 inbound to Wakefield. Conductor Damian Soto is suspended 30 days without pay and forced to retake his conductor license.

August

 * August 1 – Buttevant Rail Disaster in Ireland, a train derails en route from Dublin to Cork, killing 17 passengers.
 * August 2 – Bologna bombing: a terrorist bomb explodes at Bologna Central Station in Italy, killing 85.
 * August 3 – Amtrak introduces the Willamette Valley Express passenger train between Portland and Eugene, Oregon.
 * August 11 – In England, the Tyne and Wear Metro opens for full public service with the first section from Haymarket to Tynemouth via South Gosforth and Four Lane Ends, the first British conversion from heavy to light rail.
 * August 19 – The Otloczyn railway accident occurred near the village of Otłoczyn (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland) which killed 67 people and injured 64 more.

October

 * October 9 – Official opening of new standard gauge line from Tarcoola, South Australia to Alice Springs as part of the Adelaide–Darwin railway project.
 * October 14 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the Staggers Rail Act into law, significantly deregulating the American railroad industry.

November

 * November 21 – The Burlington Northern Railroad acquires the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway.
 * November – The Chessie System and Seaboard System Railroad merge to form CSX Transportation.
 * November – The first test runs of the Joetsu Shinkansen between Tokyo and Niigata are operated.

December

 * December 3 – The Northwestern Steel and Wire mill in Sterling, Illinois, operates a steam locomotive (Baldwin 0-8-0 #73) for the last time, the final commercial use in the United States.
 * December – Promulgation of the JNR reconstruction act in a bid for the company to straighten out insolvency. As a result, 83 rural lines running in deficit were assigned to three phases of either a transfer to third-sector ownership or outright closure and replacement by bus services.

Unknown date

 * Now owning a 98.34% control of the Cotton Belt Railroad, the Southern Pacific Railroad extends the Cotton Belt to Chicago, Illinois, through acquisition of the former Rock Island Railroad.
 * The last train, controlled by Conrail, operates on New York City's former New York Central "High Line" on the West Side. It is reported to have hauled three boxcars of frozen poultry.
 * L. Stanley Crane is succeeded by Harold H. Hall as president of the Southern Railway.

title: 1980 in rail transport


text:
User talk:Maggie102

Hello, I'm MZMcBride. An edit that you recently made seemed to be a test and has been removed. If you want more practice editing, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! Postdlf 00:33, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

You've done nothing while you've been here but talk on your friend's talk pages and post nonsense. Please stop making test edits to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism, which, under Wikipedia policy, can lead to being blocked from editing. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. Permanently. Postdlf 00:15, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I just deleted another test article. Please stop posting posting nonsense to wikipedia. Thue | talk 11:47, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I am a complete idiot, but dont let that stop you from sending a message to me!!!!! If you dont, U WILL PAY !!!!!!!

==Hi it is I Mark I have a new file Marky102, you can check it out if you want. I have to go now Jared is choking on a squirrel. (LOL)

title: User talk:Maggie102


text:
Talk:Steam dummy

Comment
These seem similar to the British tramway locomotive, which were generally enclosed locomotives with side skirts to hide the motion and cowcatchers front and rear to prevent people/livestock going under the wheels. They were used on unfenced street trackage. See this page and this page] for some pictures. —Morven 19:00, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Post Civil War use
The intro text says: "Steam dummies had some popularity in the first decades of railroading in the U.S., from the 1830s but passed from favor after the Civil War." In looking through the Baldwin and Porter catalogs from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it is clear that Porter was pushing steam dummies in competition with early electric trams for street railways, and it is clear that they continued to be sold into the 20th century. The impression I get is that it was the advent of internal combustion power the ended the use of dummies on urban lines that did not sustain enough traffic to electrify. Douglas W. Jones (talk) 01:30, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steam dummy


text:
Talk:M249 light machine gun

Why a separate article about M249?
What I am missing is what makes the M249 different (in any significant way) from the Minimi. BP OMowe (talk) 00:44, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

Proposal To Create New Article
I propose creating a new article for the FN Minimi 7.62 and Mk48 series of machine guns. While very clearly derivative of the M249/Minimi, the Minimi 7.62 is a rather larger machine gun intended for a different role. I tend to think of it like the Browning M2 and the Browning M1919 or the AR15 and the AR10. Although the same basic design, they are different guns with different intended uses. As such, they merit different articles. What do you guys think?SB Pete (talk) 03:59, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I disagree, the Minimi was actually developed in 7.62x51mm NATO and then later scaled down to 5.56mm following small arms ammunition trends. It's one in the same weapon, FN designers simply recovered the original blueprints. The M1919 and M2 are different weapons, as are the AR-15 and AR-10. Not a simple caliber conversion as you state. 18:57, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Hmm, I have heard that before but I don't see any mention of the 7.62x51mm original design of the minimi outside of discussion of the mk48/minimi7.62. Perhaps someone with knowledge of this original program could include some historical background into the minimi article?
 * On a different note, you are indeed right, none of these are simple caliber conversions, but they are all the same basic design scaled up or down. This seems to me VERY similar to the evolution of the AR actually. Originally designed as the AR10, then scaled down to the AR15 and XM16 prototypes, the M16 became the best known example. The AR10 is however experiencing a renaissance in both civilian and military uses (SR-25, etc.). The M2 (and indeed the .50BMG cartridge itself) is simply a scaled up M1919/M1917 design. The AR story seems very similar to what is happening with the minimi to me. I think the most logical thing would be to have a Minimi article serve as the master with the history of the design, then separate articles on the M249 and the MK48. As the MK48 serves the role of M60 and M240B designs, it is bound to have different uses, source material, articles about it, pictures, etc. What do you guys think?SB Pete (talk) 20:32, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I would oppose such a move. It tooks us months to consolidate all the Minimi variants into one page. We actually attempted to merge the M249 into the Minimi article at one point, but the community decided that the American version was unique enough and had evolved into a seperate weapon system. On a side note, today's commercial AR-10s have almost nothing in common with Stoner's initial design. They are simply upsized AR-15s. The Mk 48 is a specialized weapon not intended to fulfill the role of a true GPMG like the M240 or M60. Koalorka (talk) 20:42, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

One thing I need to add as well, there is a lot of history behind the AR-15 and the AR-10, and very little around the new 7.62 version. How much could you actually say in an article about the M249 in 7.62, and about the Mk 48? Really you'd end up with at best a start-class article, but more likely you'd have a stub. Also, please see WP:GUNS for the WikiProject Firearms guidelines on variants.--LWF (talk) 16:51, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

Page name?
"Squad automatic weapon" is a U.S.-specific designation rather than a universally recognized class of weapon (in this case, the M249 would fall under the light machine gun category). I believe the page should be renamed to either "M249 SAW", "M249 Squad Automatic Weapon" or "M249 light machine gun". My choice would be to capitalize the current SAW abbreviation. Koalorka (talk) 17:19, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Any takers? Koalorka (talk) 00:18, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I had previously suggested that 'Squad Automatic Weapon' was a proper noun, but the reply was:

"Both of them are common nouns. If this gun was called the squad automatic weapons, and there were no SAWs, then it would be a proper noun and need capitalisation. Currently they are no different from the words machine gun, dog, cat, rock or plane.--Pattont/c 11:04, 29 January 2009 (UTC)"

 * I believe that it is not a common noun; it is an official designation that is virtually exclusive to the M249. Hayden120 (talk) 09:54, 7 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree. It is the only gun in the U.S. inventory that is called the SAW, a classification unique to the M249. We'll let Patton respond, but his previous argument is wrong. Koalorka (talk) 12:48, 7 May 2009 (UTC)
 * A "light machine gun" is a relativlely light-weight machine gun that fires small calibre bullets and is typically operated by a single soldier. A "squad automatic weapon" is an assault rifle-calibre, light-weight automatic weapon organic to a small infantry unit that is used specifically for supressive fire. Light machine guns such as the M1919 Browning machine gun and Lewis Gun do not fit the definition of squad automatic weapon as they aren't used in that role (Both are inorganic and in some cases used on tanks). Similarly, Squad automatic weapons such as the planned Infantry Automatic Rifle cannot be considered light machine guns (The IAR is not a machine gun). There is a difference. "Squad automatic weapon" is also not a U.S.-speciofic designation: many armies use the terms "light support weapon" and "section autoamtic weapon", which is exactly the same as "squad automatic weapon". Also "squad automatic weapon" is not a proper noun; it is not the name of this weapon, but its type. -- Patton t / c 22:12, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

 * It really doesn't matter what the U.S. decides to call it or what role it is intended to fulfull, the FN Minimi IS a light machine gun. They could specify a new battlefield weapon: a rifle-caliber entrenching tool organic to the platoon and adopt the FN Minimi for this purpose as the M567 Squad Automatic Entrenching Device, but it remains a FN Minimi which is a purpose-built light machine gun. Koalorka (talk) 23:51, 18 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Just in case anybody cared, the M249 was FORMERLY known as the "Squad Automatic Weapon" and is currently described as a "Light Machine Gun". Not that I have an opinion one way or the other, just throwing that out there.  FM 23-14 has a note in the Preface backing that up.  Google it. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 01:19, 19 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Strangely enough I read that manual while writing htis and never consciously took that in.-- Patton t / c 15:52, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

I believe the move was precipitous. Naming_conventions states that the most commonly used name should be used for the article name. In this case, the M249 is known overwhelmingly as a squad automatic weapon, rather than a light machinegun. It may actually be both a SAW and an LMG, but the policy is clear. Now, if one desires to name something as an LMG, the article FN Minimi would suffice.  bahamut0013  words deeds   12:04, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

Mogadishu 1993
I formatted and referenced the Battle of Mogadishu (1993) in the infobox under "wars". Question remains: does this interesting conflict qualify as important enough for the infobox? Binksternet (talk) 17:32, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Place of origin
i object to the "place of origin" discription. This is a belgian weapon, so why is it being called an american weapon? Can't americans admit that someone else designed a good weapon? does anyone have an objection to changing the "place of origin" to belgium? tyvm all

my apologies for using bold text, but somehow i wasn't able to convert it to normal text. if anyone can do so then please be my guest!. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.190.253.150 (talk)

 * While the M249 is clearly based off of the Belgian designed FN Minimi, the M249 was extensively modified in the US, and has become a series of weapons separate from the Minimi. So most of the design is Belgian, but there are many changes that make this a unique, American design. I wouldn't be opposed to having both the US, and Belgium as places of origin. —  Dan MP5  04:15, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I was just reverted by someone who claims it is a "U.S. military weapon". Now, I'm not disputing its existence in the U.S. inventories but the weapon's origin is in question. It was developed in Belgium and evaluated in the U.S. Early models were delivered straight from Belgium before a local subsidiary was setup in South Carolina. Koalorka (talk) 19:02, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * That's not what the article says, anywhere. I am going strictly by the fact of the US Inventory naming convention (M249 vs. Minimi) to make the distinction.  I would suggest sourcing the fact that they were manufactured in Belgium and delivered straight to the US military before the SC Plant was opened, as you state.  I don't doubt you, but this is a featured article and demands better sourcing.  also, this article is about the US Version, opening sentence:"The M249 light machine gun (LMG)... is an American version of the FN Minimi,"--Mike - Μολὼν λαβέ 20:03, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Ok, I'll try to dig up a few sources and insert them into the page. Let me also remind you that we are discussing origin, not the American designation or the lead paragraph in this article. Do you deny the M249's Belgian heritage? Origin by definition refers to the point at which something came into existence or from which it derives or is derived. Koalorka (talk) 20:16, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
 * No, not at all, just diferentiating that there's the original and this is the US version. Although, my original revert was due to me misreading "Origin" as "used by".  My past as a boxer has unfortunately rendered me blind in my left eye and apologize if it's been having a poor effect on my reading/writing skills lately.  FYI I happened to be a SAW gunner for 21 months while I was a Marine  and loved that old pig like a brother, hated giving it up for the M203 when I was made Fire Team Leader, too!--Mike - Μολὼν λαβέ 20:34, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

SAW gunner
I added a clarify tag in the lead section. From the lead section: "This allows the SAW gunner to use rifleman's magazines". What is a SAW gunner? Please link to the appropriate article or rephrase so non-military-buffs can understand. 98.244.9.17 (talk) 09:24, 10 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, in the Marine Corps it's "Automatic Rifleman", but SAW Gunner, is the man who's job it is to fire the SAW, for all you non-military-minded folks.--Mike - Μολὼν λαβέ 09:29, 10 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I actually tracked it down myself and tried to strikeout my comment on this talk page, but discovered that, yet again, my "highspeed" internet provider (who I won't name *cough*COMCAST*cough*) is actually providing less-than-dialup speed and it has taken far more time than I would prefer to respond.  But thank you for your response anyway. 98.244.9.17 (talk) 09:34, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

Intro: Not satisfied though there have been problems
From the third paragraph: Soldiers are generally not satisfied with the weapon's performance, though there have been many reports of clogging with dirt and sand.

This needs review from someone knowledgeable about the weapon's performance and soldiers' collective feeling about the weapon.

If the soldiers are generally not satisfied, then it doesn't make sense to say "though." It would make more sense to say "because" or "for example."

However, I suspect that this was a typo and soldiers really are satisfied. Complex.confusion (talk) 21:28, 11 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Vandalism, that gerbil has been putting that in there all night.--Mike - Μολὼν λαβέ 21:30, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Most SAW gunners don't exactly write scholarly articles about their experiences, but I have yet to meet one who wasn't aware that the weapon he was holding was more dangerous to him than to the enemy. It's common knowledge in the US Army Infantry that attempting to feed a SAW with rifle magazines is a desperate last ditch attempt to keep the gun in action. New gunners are told if they have to use Rifle Magazines they should be prepared to deal with a massive number of malfunctions and to operate the SAW with more a semi-automatic mindset due to the malfunctions. Finally the SAW may be considered reliable when compared to older versions of the M16 family, but modern versions of the M16 family and the 240 series leave the SAW miles behind. It's the only weapon sytem I know of that can be relied upon to jam every time you take it to the range. Much less to combat. The only way anyone can believe this weapon system deserves to remain in our inventory is to put their head in the sand and believe PEO propaganda.Outcast95 (talk) 11:13, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

Sourcing
I've been looking at some of the sources and quite a few of them are wikipedia articles, also ref 41 isn't working I'm not quite sure what it's suposed to link to.

I sugest that some people look up the wikipedia articles that have been put as refs and find some external refs on them, this is because if you constantly ref wikipedia you may ref wikipedia articles which haven't been properly refed themseves.

only a sugestion.

Bob Man  801  23:51, 13 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I think you're confused.--Mike - Μολὼν λαβέ 00:41, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

err yep

Bob Man  801  01:02, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

 * They're footnotes. They correspond to the Books in the reference section, if you hover over them you will see what looks like a wikilink, but it's a link to the same page.--Mike - Μολὼν λαβέ 01:50, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

Browning Automatic Rifle
The article reads, in part:

"The Browning automatic rifle, the army's main individual machine gun since its introduction in World War I, was phased out in 1957 . . ."

I do not know exactly when the BAR was phased out, but they were standard weapons in the infantry battalions in the Marine Corps at least as late as 1959, when I served.

Colonel Mac

99.185.41.125 (talk) 21:53, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Note the use of "army's".--92.251.164.176 (talk) 15:46, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

Barrel length
Apologies if this has been discussed before--I couldn't find it.

The M249's barrel is 521mm now? It used to be 465. Unusual in that overall length is still the same(1041mm)-did FN do some major re-working? Chasrob (talk) 17:38, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Replacing by IAR-27
I heard that the Marines want the IAR-27 as replacement for the M249 with options to keep the M249, basically using both and replacing the M4 with the aquired IAR-27 to avoid the debate circling around the as unreliable brandished weapons from Colt. Can someone say something smart about this? -Tarendas-

Orphaned references in M249 light machine gun
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of M249 light machine gun's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "fnmfg01": From M240 machine gun:  From FN Herstal:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 12:31, 10 April 2015 (UTC)

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Is this really a featured article?
This was promoted in 2009, when standards were lower. I think this should be de-listed. The writing is extremely poor. I don't think it's even B class now. Schierbecker (talk) 23:42, 2 June 2022 (UTC)
 * There's probably a bit too heavy a reliance on primary sources for a FA, but nothing really stands out to me in terms of article content (apart from that one comparison table which feels very arbitrary). Do you think the issues with the writing could be solved, or should it just go straight to WP:FAR? Loafiewa (talk) 16:58, 4 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:M249 light machine gun


text:
User:Mattwolf7

= )

title: User:Mattwolf7


text:
Talk:Election Systems & Software

ES&S to be Rebuked, Fined and Possibly Banned in CA?
Shouldn't this news be added?

Snippet:

" ... August 21, 2007 | 3:12:02 California announced today that it plans to hold an administrative hearing on September 20th to discuss the fate of Election Systems & Software for violating state election codes. ES&S, the top voting machine company in the country, is being accused of selling at least five CA counties with a version of its AutoMark ballot marking system that hadn't yet been tested or certified for use in the state or the country.

ES&S apparently sold at least 1,000 uncertified machines to San Francisco, Marin, Colusa, Solano and Merced counties. Per CA law, ES&S could be fined $10,000 per uncertified voting system unit (or $9.72 million) and be required to give a complete refund to counties of all money spent on the machines -- the latter would amount to about $5 million. Additionally, ES&S could be barred from doing any business in the state for between 1 and 3 years ... "

link to full story —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Cowicide (talk • contribs).

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title: Talk:Election Systems & Software


text:
User:BobDively

Bob Dively is a programmer, birder, and long-time inhabitant of the net from the days before the World Wide Web. He grew up in Geauga County, Ohio and currently lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan with his wife, two cats and dog.

title: User:BobDively


text:
Bobby Gurney

Bobby Gurney (13 October 1907 – 14 April 1994) was an English footballer who played as a forward. He is the highest goal scorer in the history of Sunderland F.C..

Early years
Born in Stewart Street, Silksworth, Sunderland, his father Joe was a miner at Silksworth Colliery. His mother, Elizabeth, stayed at home to look after Bobby, his three brothers and one sister. Bobby took up football as a child, playing for his village team. His older brother, Ralph, also played football, as a goalkeeper. All his brothers went into pit jobs after leaving school.

Club career
Bobby was signed to Sunderland in May 1925, after being spotted by Charlie Buchan while playing for top non-league side Bishop Auckland. He made his debut nearly a year later against West Ham United on 3 April 1926, scoring once in a 3–2 defeat. He would play for the next three seasons alongside a striker who hit at least 35 league goals in each of his four full seasons at Roker Park, Dave Halliday, the most prolific goals to games striker in Sunderland's history.

After Halliday's departure Gurney was regularly the club's top goalscorer, garnering his best tally of 33 goals in the 1930–31 season. Among his career highlights were ten hat-tricks and two four-goal hauls. He was also one of just a handful of Sunderland players to score five times in a match.

Bobby went on to make 388 league appearances for Sunderland, scoring 228 goals, which makes him the club's all-time top scorer. He won a First Division Championship medal in 1936. He scored in a 3–1 win over Preston North End at Wembley in the 1937 FA Cup Final.

International career
Gurney won one international cap, representing England against Scotland at Hampden Park before 129,693 spectators.

Managerial career
On retiring from playing he stayed in the game and in 1950 became manager of Midland League side Peterborough United. He was subsequently manager of Darlington, and finally had a short spell as manager of Hartlepool United.

Honours
Sunderland
 * Football League First Division: 1935–36
 * FA Cup: 1936–37
 * FA Charity Shield: 1936; runner-up: 1937
 * War Cup runner-up: 1941–42

Individual
 * Football League First Division top scorer: 1935–36
 * Sunderland top scorer: 228 goals

title: Bobby Gurney


text: Talk:Notre-Dame de Paris

title: Talk:Notre-Dame de Paris


text:
Conspicuous Gallantry Medal

The Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (CGM) was, until 1993, a British military decoration for gallantry in action for petty officers and seamen of the Royal Navy, including Warrant Officers and other ranks of the Royal Marines. It was formerly awarded to personnel of other Commonwealth countries. In 1943 a Royal Air Force version was created for conspicuous gallantry in action against the enemy in the air.

History
The Conspicuous Gallantry Medal was the second level bravery award for ratings of the Royal Navy, ranking below the Victoria Cross and, after its institution in 1914, above the Distinguished Service Medal. It was normally awarded with an annuity or gratuity. In 1943, during the Second World War, a Royal Air Force version, the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (Flying), was added. Since 1917, recipients have been entitled to use the post-nominal letters "CGM".

The original Royal Navy medal was instituted in 1855 to recognise gallantry during the Crimean War, as the Naval counterpart of the Distinguished Conduct Medal. Only twelve were finally awarded, with the medals created by adapting existing examples of the Royal Marines Meritorious Service Medal, with the words 'MERITORIOUS SERVICE' erased from the reverse inscription, and 'CONSPICUOUS GALLANTRY' engraved in its place.

The Conspicuous Gallantry Medal was re-instituted on 7 July 1874 as a permanent decoration, and was initially used to reward gallantry in the various colonial campaigns of the late nineteenth century in which the Royal Navy took part.

It remained an exclusively Naval award until World War II when a number of changes were made. Eligibility was extended in April 1940 to Royal Air Force personnel serving with the Fleet; in July 1942 to Army personnel serving afloat, for example manning a merchant ship's anti-aircraft guns; and in September 1942 to ratings of the Merchant Navy.

In January 1943 the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (Flying) was established for acts of conspicuous gallantry whilst flying in active operations against the enemy, of a standard below that required for the Victoria Cross, but above that for the Distinguished Flying Medal.

In 1979 eligibility for a number of British awards, including the CGM, was extended to permit posthumous awards. Until that time, only the Victoria Cross and a mention in dispatches could be awarded posthumously.

In 1993, the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal, Distinguished Service Order (when awarded specifically for gallantry) and Distinguished Conduct Medal were all replaced by the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross (CGC). The CGC is tri-service and is awarded to all ranks. It is second only to the Victoria Cross for bravery in action.

The CGM had also been awarded by Commonwealth countries but by the 1990s most, including Canada, Australia and New Zealand, had established their own honours systems and no longer recommended British honours.

Description
Apart from the ribbon, the medals awarded for service afloat and for flying are identical. The medal is circular, silver, 36 mm in diameter with the following design:
 * The obverse bears the head and titles of the reigning monarch. The 1855 version has the date '1848' below the Queen's effigy, reflecting that the medals were adapted from specimens of the earlier Meritorious Service Medal.
 * The reverse has the words 'FOR CONSPICUOUS GALLANTRY' in three lines, encircled by a laurel wreath and surmounted by an Imperial Crown.
 * The ribbon is suspended from a straight bar suspension, although the 1855 version and some later Victorian issues are fitted with an ornate scroll suspender.
 * The name, rank, service number of the recipient are engraved or impressed on the rim of the medal. Some medals also note the ship, date and place of the action where the medal was won.
 * The ribbon for the naval version was changed in 1921 from three equal stripes of dark blue white and dark blue, to white with narrow dark blue edges, the same as the Naval General Service Medal. The ribbon of the CGM (Flying) is sky blue with narrow dark blue edge stripes.
 * A silver, laurelled bar could be awarded for additional acts of pre-eminent bravery. Only one was awarded, in 1918 to the Naval version of the medal.

Design variations
The medal was awarded with one of five obverses:

Number of awards
Between 1855 and 1993 a total of 369 medals and one second award bar were awarded. The above figures for World War II include ten honorary awards to servicemen from allied countries, eight for service afloat and two for gallantry while flying.

Notable recipients

 * George Ingouville was awarded both the Victoria Cross and the Conspicuous Gallantry Medal during the Crimean War.
 * Acting Chief Petty Officer Arthur Robert Blore, who served with the Royal Naval Division, won the CGM in 1915 and a bar in 1918.
 * "Bugler Ernest Sillince. Royal Marine Light Infantry behaved with distinguished gallantry on 4th May (1915) during operations South of Achi Baba, (Gallipoli Campaign) in volunteering to throw back enemy bombs into enemy lines at great personal risk, thereby saving the lives of many of his comrades."
 * "Sergeant Frank John Knill of the Royal Marines, R.M.A. ... was in charge of HMS Vindictive's howitzer, which fired continuously under the most difficult conditions during the whole period that the ship was alongside the mole at Zeebrugge during the [1918] Zeebrugge raid. In spite of being semi-gassed, he did not leave his post, but remained in charge of his gun until it ceased firing."
 * Jesse Elton from Poole, the ship's cook on the Naval Yacht Bystander, who swam to rescue 25 evacuees from the bombed and sunken SS King Orry (1913) during the Battle of Dunkirk in May 1940. He received the CGM from the King at Buckingham Palace.
 * Wireless Operator F/Sgt Geoffrey Keen DFM was the first member of the Royal Canadian Air Force to be awarded the CGM and one of only eleven airmen during the Second World War to be awarded both the CGM and the Distinguished Flying Medal. During the bomb run in a raid on Essen on the night of 12/13 March 1943 his Wellington bomber was hit by flak, killing the navigator and blowing off Keen's right foot. For the remainder of the return flight, disregarding his wounds and whilst continually losing blood, for over two hours, Keen continued to repair his damaged radio set and on two occasions dragged himself to the navigator's compartment to assist the pilot with essential information for navigating the aircraft safely back to base. All three remaining members of the crew were awarded the DFC while Keen was recommended for the Victoria Cross.
 * Corporal John Coughlan RAAF was awarded the CGM in 1968, for actions as a helicopter crewman in Vietnam. This was the only CGM (Flying) to be awarded after World War II.
 * Sergeant Ian Prescott (Royal Engineers) awarded the CGM posthumously during the Falklands War 1982. (Naval award as on a Naval task).
 * CPO (Diver) Hammond was the last recipient of the CGM, for the 1991 Gulf War, before the inception of the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross in 1993.
 * Acting Chief Petty Officer Max Bernays, RCN was one of only two CGMs awarded to the RCN during WWII."For valour and dauntless devotion to duty. Acting Chief Petty Officer Bernays was steering HMCS Assiniboine during an action at close range with an enemy U-boat. A fire caused by enemy shells broke out on the flag deck, compelling the telegraphmen to leave the wheelhouse leaving A/CPO Bernays alone. With complete disregard for his own safety, with flames and smoke obscuring his only exit, with enemy explosive shell fragments entering the wheelhouse, this 36comparatively young rating remained at this post for nearly forty minutes. Appreciating the crucial importance of his duties in an action, the success of which depended in a large measure on the precise steering of the ship and execution of telegraph orders, he not only carried out exactly and effectively all the helm orders but also dispatched 133 telegraph orders, necessary to accomplish the destruction of the U-Boat. The final success of the sinking of the U-Boat was largely due to the high courage and determination of A/CPO Max Leopold Bernays who, in circumstances of the gravest personal danger carried out not only his own, but two other ratings' duties in exemplary fashion. His conduct throughout the action added another incident of the utmost bravery to the annals of the Royal Canadian Navy."

title: Conspicuous Gallantry Medal


text:
Talk:Hans Island

Does Canada currently border Greenland / the Danish Realm?
The articles Canada and Greenland currently say that Canada borders the Danish Realm through Greenland, while the article Danish Realm is silent on the matter (just noting that the border dispute ended) and implies that maybe Hans Island isn't part of Greenland at all, while this article says that the treaty is pending ratification. Which is it? News articles seem to often be glossing over the exact details of what the two to three sovereigns just agreed to. -- Tamzin  [ cetacean needed ] (she/they) 23:54, 17 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Canadian Geographic indicates that Canada, Denmark, and Greenland signed a treaty "creating a land border between Canada and Denmark". Other sources suggest that this treaty is pending ratification. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:12, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

Greenland is a country too, even though it's a country within the Danish realm. In fact, Greenland's website, Sermitsiaq, even states that Hans Island is half Canadian and half Greenlandic. Greenland is a nation. Greenlanders possess both Greenlandic nationality and Danish nationality, as evidenced by the fact they may choose to have a Greenlandic passport or Danish passport. During the formal signing, Greenland was referred to as a country and was required to sign in the same way that Canada and Denmark did. In addition, throughout Greenland, the national Greenlandic flag is prominently displayed and the Danish flag is rarely seen. Most of the media has not done their research. The border is between Canada and Greenland. Furthermore, some in the media also display their ignorance by stating that Canada borders the EU or Europe, which isn't correct at all. Greenland is not in the EU and all of Hans Island and all of Greenland are part of North America. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.82.246.2 (talk) 05:44, 19 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree that Canada now borders Greenland, not Denmark. Although Greenland is a Danish territory, it is referred to as a separate country, just as Canada was referred to as a separate country before it assumed responsibility for its own external affairs following the First World War. TFD (talk) 07:24, 9 July 2022 (UTC)

https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/greenland-gets-its-first-land-border https://sermitsiaq.ag/groenland-faar-foerste-landegraense https://www.blogto.com/travel/2022/06/greenland-canada-new-land-border/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULXF9RgNkrs

 * According to the article on the Danish Realm, Denmark is not a federation but a unitary state, containing three components: Denmark, the Faeroe Islands, and Greenland.  I've not found a non-Wiki source, since the cites in the Danish Realm article tend to be in Danish, Faeroe or Greenlandic.  However, if the Danish realm is unitary, that does mean Canada borders on Denmark, just as the Republic of Ireland borders on the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland).  As to the pre-Balfour example of Canada, Canada was never part of the United Kingdom, but Greenland does appear to be part of the Danish realm, for example, being directly subject to the Constitutional Act, and sending deputies to the Folketing. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 14:01, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

 * The Danish Realm is not a Unitary state. It consists of three countries under common foreign politics led by Denmark. The Danish article da:Rigsfællesskabet says it is not a commonwealth (which has countries on equal value), and not a federation (which has states on equal value). Maybe an asymmetric confederation. Usually when talking about Denmark, it does not include Greenland. According to Constitution of Denmark Greenland belongs to Denmark, but most power has been delegated to Greenlandic parliament. It is a little confusing, not really cleared out and has changed in one way formally (Greenland was given home rule in 1979), somewhat another way how it is seen by people. Non-self-governing country? Dependent territory? Similar to British Overseas Territories. Does United Kingdom border Spain? --BIL (talk) 16:10, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

 * I think we need a Wikipedian with expertise in Danish constitutional law. However, art. 1 of the Constitutional Act states that it applies to all parts of the Kingdom of Denmark, and the commentary confirms that it applies to all three: Denmark, Faeroes and Greenland.  The self-government provisions for the Faeroes and Greenland appear to have been done by a statute of the Folketing, not by a constitutional provision, which sounds like the definition of a unitary state used in the opening paragraph of the Wikipedia article:  Unitary State. Gibraltar and British Overseas Territories are not comparable examples, because they are not part of the United Kingdom.  However, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are considered four different countries within the UK, which sounds similar to the situation with the Danish realm.  Like the Faeroes and Greenland, the countries of Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales have devolved power from the Westminster Parliament.  They remain part of the UK, which is why we can say that the Republic of Ireland has a land border with the UK.  It seems that Denmark is the name of the both the European portion of the Kingdom of Denmark, and the overall name of the realm. Mr Serjeant Buzfuz (talk) 16:34, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
 * TBD, I'm not certain which to use. GoodDay (talk) 05:36, 2 August 2022 (UTC)

"Canada–Greenland border" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Canada–Greenland border and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 September 8 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. MB 20:34, 8 September 2022 (UTC)

Sources for treaty ratification?
In edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hans_Island&oldid=1128925569) the text was changed from "the treaty will take effect" to "the treaty took effect" – however, no sources were added to substantiate the claim. Having done some searching of both the Parliament of Canada's and the Folketing's websites today, I have not found any evidence that either country has formally ratified the treaty.

As far as I am aware all four entities (the Parliament of Canada, the Danish Folketing, the Parliament of Greenland and the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut) must ratify the treaty before it officially comes into force.

I suggest the text be returned to future tense until the treaty is formally adopted by all parties (and authoritative sources are added to this page) Da.mappr (talk) 01:51, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

Treaty Ratification
The Parliament of Canada isn't normally involved in the Ratification of Treaties (See Library of Parliament Backrounder, it's an executive branch only thing, and Territorial Governments have nothing to do with them. So adding dubious to them being required for it to come into force. WanukeX (talk) 22:50, 29 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Right, found it, the treaty was tabled in the Canadian House of Commons on April 25th under the standard procedure. Canadian Parliamentary Approval was not required. WanukeX (talk) 23:00, 29 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hans Island


text:
Tee Productions

Tee Productions is considered to be one of Scandinavia's largest Record label production it is hip hop record label owned by Tommy Tee, located in Oslo, Norway. Its signed artists include Diaz, Opaque, Warlocks, Son of light (earlier known as N-Light-N), Gatas Parlament and Jesse Jones.

Tee Productions is also looking to start in United States of America as "the marked is bigger" (quote - Tommy Tee)

Tee Production is also known as the "European Dr.Dre" which eventually made André Romell Young (Dr.Dre) interested in working with Tee Production.

Albums

 * N-Light-N: Deep Green (1997)
 * Warlocks: Top Notch (1997)
 * Tommy Tee: Bonds, Beats and Beliefs (1998)
 * Warlocks: Mic knights (1998)
 * T.P Allstars: Norske byggeklosser (1999)
 * Diaz: 2050 (2000)
 * Diverse artistar: Scandalnavia vol.1 (2000)
 * Opaque: Gourmet Garbage (2001)
 * Warlocks: Afterlife (2001)
 * Gatas Parlament: Holdning over underholdning (2002)
 * Son of Light: The homecoming (a return to family values) (EP) (2002)
 * Diaz: Velkommen hjem, Andres (2003)
 * Tommy Tee: Back to work (2004)
 * Gatas Parlament: Fred, frihet og alt gratis (2004)
 * Ken Ring & Tommy Tee: To legender Utan penger (2004)
 * Tommy Tee: Tommy tycker om mej (2005)
 * Diaz: Jessheimfanden (2005)
 * Tommy Tee: No Studio No Time The Wait (2007)
 * Gatas Parlament: Kidsa Har Alltid Rett (2008)
 * Tommy Tee: 3 The Hard Way (2008)
 * Tommy Tee: Studio time (2009)
 * Jesse Jones: 12 Blokker 1 Vei Inn (2011)
 * Gatas Parlament: Dette Forandrer Alt (2011)
 * Son of Light: War Of The Words (2011)

title: Tee Productions