text:
User talk:Ravikiran r

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

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IIPM
Hi,

Just wanted to drop a note of appreciation of the effort that you put in the IIPM article. Tintin 19:04, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

India related links
---Pamri • Talk • [ Reply] 06:31, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks from Pamri
Hi, Thanks a ton for voting at my RFA. I am now a wikipedia administrator. I hope I can keep your trust and hopefully, we should interact more in the future. Thanks again. --Pamri • Talk • [ Reply] 04:48, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

IIPM article
Ravi,  The Outlook ads were removed after me and Kunal sparred over whether it biased the aricle or not. If we are going to have Outlook critical notices up, then we should also have the positive coverage of IIPM over past 33 years, na? And I think there would be several hundred such things... and rankings also - which I have scanned for talk page... So Sprtiate and me agreed to remove all the scans, as in his words, scans are making the Wiki article look like a scrapbook, not to mention copyright issues.

Hope you agree...

Thanks --Drnoamchomsky 13:54, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Stub Marker
Ravikiran r, I removed the marker from your sub-user page User:Ravikiran_r/Indian_blogosphere. Stub tags are not normally applied to the Userspace, and that stub category is benig phased out. If you are making that subpage in advance of moving it to the article space and want to attract stub editors, please use one of the Stub Types listed in WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Stub_types. Thank's for your contributions! Xaosflux 18:05, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks on IIPM article
Thanks for keeping a constant watch on IIPM article. Wikipedia sure is not a free advertisement medium. Peasea 02:57, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

IIPM
I see your point, and that the other side is unwilling to even discuss it. From what I can see, the other side (from your point of view that is) are largely editing from IP addresses, and therefore, contacting thier talk pages isn't going to work. I might reccomend that you visit WP:RfP, or WP:RfC. I made a few suggestions so far, but I have not read the talk page, in it's entirity, as of yet. I am in the process of doing so, however. I must admit up front, however, that I do not know anything about the subject at hand (I came across it, when it was flagged as possible vandalism in progress). But, I would be happy to help resolve this dispute in any way possible. -- негідний лють  ( Reply  |  Spam Me! *  ) 08:22, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Actally, after reading over the talk a bit, I can see that you guys have made disputed points here, and there, but that talk page is extremely disorganised, and difficult to read, so that may be some of the problem. Might I suggest starting a new heading, and clearly listing the points in question, followed by your stance on them (you may use the : charachter to space your replies so it is clear where yours begin, and end), and try to contact the other editors to reply to the specific points as well? It may not be a bad idea, either, to move the existing talk page's content to The Indian Institute of Planning and Management/talk_archive1, blank the page, link to that archive, and start afresh. Just a couple-a thoughts ;] -- негідний лють  ( Reply  |  Spam Me! *  ) 08:31, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

IIPM edits
Hi Ravikiran, just revereted an anon IP to your last version. Personally, my sympathies and support are with you - I've been a passive observer of the article off and on. However, please try to not get provoked; Edit summaries like (revert. You can do the same right?) do not help. I came here to leave a friendly note that you are close to over-stepping the WP:3RR rule, so please take care. --Gurubrahma 18:30, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Barnstar
A barnstar for you ! Tintin 14:58, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

PAF
It seems you are from IIT Bombay. If so, please give me the list of the PAFs, their langauge, and hostels which were performed while your stay at IITB.Cygnus_hansa 10:58, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Welcome back
Good to see you again. Tintin (talk) 05:40, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Politics of India
I saw your edits on Pramod Mahajan. Thought you might be interested in joining Politics of India project. - Ganeshk  ( talk ) 21:03, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Good work on maintaining the Pramod Mahajan page. I will not be around for a few days. Keep the article in good shape. Regards, -- Andy123  (talk) 11:34, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

Pramod Mahajan
Number of times date of death is mentioned in the Pramod Mahajan Article. The article is very well written and structured. Allow me to express my gratitude to you on your contribution.

However I feel that, in encyclopediac articles like this, precise information should be given upfront. The date and time of his demise is somewhere in the last part of the article, leaving many readers who may just want to read the summary fumbling with their calendars. I feel that that the date and time should be there at the beginning as well. Timelessness, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pramod_Mahajan"

Welcome to VandalProof!
Hi, thank you for your interest in VandalProof and Congratulations! You are now one of our authorized users, so if you haven't already simply download VandalProof from our main page, install and you're ready to go!

If you have any problems please feel free to contact me or post a message on VandalProof's talk page. Once again congrats and welcome to our team! - Gl e n   TC (Stollery)  14:52, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

PS: Although you have been approved I am having some issues with the moderator settings at the moment so right this minute the program won't recognise you yet - however keep an eye on the registration page as we should get it sorted soon. Thanks again! - Gl e n   TC (Stollery)  14:55, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Just a heads up for you, it seems all the mods are experiencing the same probs as me, but no doubt AmiDaniel will be here soon and we'll be up and running. Sorry for the delay, rest assured the wait's worth it! :) - Gl e n   TC (Stollery)  18:24, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * You're all set! 18:54, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

VandalProof 1.2 Now Available
 After a lenghty, but much-needed Wikibreak, I'm happy to announce that version 1.2 of VandalProof is now available for download! Beyond fixing some of the most obnoxious bugs, like the persistent crash on start-up that many have experienced, version 1.2 also offers a wide variety of new features, including a stub-sorter, a global user whitelist and blacklist, navigational controls, and greater customization. You can find a full list of the new features here. While I believe this release to be a significant improvement over the last, it's nonetheless nowhere near the end of the line for VandalProof. Thanks to Rob Church, I now have an account on test.wikipedia.org with SysOp rights and have already been hard at work incorporating administrative tools into VandalProof, which I plan to make available in the near future. An example of one such SysOp tool that I'm working on incorporating is my simple history merge tool, which simplifies the process of performing history merges from one article into another. Anyway, if you haven't already, I'd encourage you to download and install version 1.2 and take it out for a test-drive. As always, your suggestions for improvement are always appreciated, and I hope that you will find this new version useful. Happy editing! --AmiDaniel (talk) 02:59, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Freedom fighters
The problem is I also do not know the technical steps fot re-opening of the debate/proposal. You can contact admin like or other users like. Regards.--Dwaipayan (talk) 05:05, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

(cut n pasted from my talk page...)
 * Hi Ravikiran, thanks for contacting me about this. The guidelines suggest contacting the admin involved because (1) there were a lot of cases bring brought to WP:DRV that the closing admins had no idea of and who might have changed their mind with a simple note (as you wrote here) and (2) most of the content on DRV is articles, so its a simple click of the admin buttons to restore the article.  Sadly that isn't the case with the categories.  I could undelete the cat, but restoring the articles to the category would take a bit more work (basically searching the bot's contributions and reverting them for the relevant categories).

 * However, I'm afraid that I have to agree with the debate concluded. Freedom fighter is a POV-laden term and while activist may not completely nuance the aspect of these people's contributions to modern India, leaving a category called Indian freedom fighters I believe sets up an ambiguity that could end up with the category populated not only with the people you admire but with perhaps modern-day rebels.  I saw in the linked discussion the idea for Freedom fighters against the British Raj, and think thats reasonable (because it can state more clearly what they were fighting, tho I am still not completely good with "freedom fighter")...and several others that could work.

 * My suggestion to you is to see if you can come to a consensus on that India-related discussion page (which I will try to monitor). With a consensus, someone could create the new category(s) and begin populating it(them).  If you feel the freedom fighters category was too many articles to recategorize into the new categories by hand, then we can try restoring the freedom fighter category NOW with the caveat that its final destination will be decided in a timely fashion (and if not, the currently decided merge will be reinstituted).

 * How does that sound to you? Deletion review is still an option, tho in my opinion it would be somewhat redundant (in that I realize there is a larger community that objects to the merger and am cooperative). I'm also going to copy and paste this to that discussion and your talk page, tho I'd prefer if we continue this either at the India-related discussion board of here (for completeness). Syrthiss 11:44, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu
I made some updates on the article. Please check and comment. I want to see it a become featured list. Thanks, Ganeshk  ( talk ) 07:33, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

Samyukta Maharashtra Movement
Sorry for my flawed English. And BTW it was just 3-4 sentence long and it didnt looked like the history of movement. I hope u wont remove it from article. (mahawiki 07:36, 31 May 2006 (UTC))

Sanyukta Maharashtra Movement
I have read atleast 2 books about Sanyukta Maharashtra Movement.I can easily state its names as i have access to the library.It is unlikely that ISBN is present on those books because i think they are a bit old.But of course their names and details abt publishing house are there.

Sanyukta Maharashtra Movement isnt just about a landmark,it is an matter of pride and emotions for Maharashtrians.Sadly very few Maharashtrians are aware about it. Raajiv

Vandals
Hi. Thanks for reporting vandals on the administrator intervention page. Can I ask, though, that you don't put blocked notices on users talk pages as you did with User talk:207.63.99.194. It makes it somewhat confusing for the admin who reviews the matter and institutes a block. Once the user is listed on the intervention page they will be reviewed and the appropriate action taken. Kcordina Talk 13:25, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Basic Structure
Ravikiran: Thanks for your note on the Basic Structure article. While you are substantially correct in stating that the doctrine is used as a constraint on the amending power of the legislature, and, in effect, depends on the specific understanding of the SC judges empaneled on a particular bench - as I tried to point out by listing what each member of the original bench listed as their preferred constituents of the basic structure - it is framed in most judgments as a test that can be applied to individual amendments. Given that, stating it is a primary test of constitutionality is common and, indeed, reasonable. If you want to amend the first sentence to reflect these nuances, please go ahead and do so! Hornplease 07:52, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Ladakh
Thanks for your review of Ladakh, Ravikiran. I'm planning to make changes to the lead soon. Regarding the tourism section, please see my response. Regards, deeptrivia (talk) 13:17, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Re: Independence day
I was nearly bored to death and that was the reason I was doodling around with the article. There was nothing in the article but a poem by Pradeep before. You are right. A lot of the content I just added doesnt really relate to the article. I think we can follow on the lines of Independence Day (United States). -- thunderboltza.k.a.D e epu Joseph07:40, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Sanyukta Maharashtra Movement sources
Hi Ravikiran, Remember u had asked me about sources of my information regarding the article of Sanyukta Maharashtra Movement?Here are they- 'Mi Atre boltoy' by P.K.Atre (Manorama Prakashan) 'Zalach pahije!' by P.K.Atre (Dimple Prakashan) ISBN:8186837000 I do have the pics of the covers of above books.I dont know how to post them. raajiv

link to Persian
Hello, when you want to link to the article about something Persian, please do not link to Persian, as that is a disambiguation page (which nothing should be linked to). Instead link to the one of the options found on that page such as Persian people, Persian language, or Iran, by writing out Persian or Persian. Regards, Jeff3000 06:18, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Re:Shaka Saptati
Hi Ravi, this one is a very interesting DYK in its present form. I am nominating it for you right away. The earlier a new article gets nominated, the more its chances of appearing, though I suspect that this one would make it even if submitted on the last day (of the 5 day limit)... Very nice and well cited article -- Lost (talk) 12:20, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Blocked
Let me know if he starts up again. Cheers -- Samir धर्म 13:24, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

DYK
Congrats again... -- Lost (talk) 04:23, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks. It was good to see the DYK! — Ravikiran 08:32, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

It is about time!
Hi Ravi, I am very much impressed by your edits to IIPM and thanks for creating Shuka Saptati. I hope you like the surprise. It was about time too!! --Gurubrahma 06:45, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

The hint
First, congrats for the barnstar from Gurubrahma. And here is the hint:. --Bhadani 12:49, 18 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh I saw your answer: congrats.

Help!
Hi, could you pl. help with this query on my talkpage? I dunno much abt the citation styles. TIA, --Gurubrahma 12:43, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi! Thanks for responding. I still don't know which style of referencing is better, so help from someone more experienced would be appreciated. I could try to make my (two) questions clearer if you wish. And yeah, I'm in no rush... please take your time. :) Anagha 15:26, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

Citing templates
Wanted to make sure you saw this response.
 * See Footnotes, though I would start with Help:Footnotes. I also inserted examples on the talk page above -- Trödel 03:09, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Huh
What?159.91.20.138 04:15, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria FAC
Hi! Today I've nominated the article Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria for a featured article, believing it meets all criteria.

This is the article's third nomination (see the previous ones), and because you voted or commented on one of the previous nominations, I'd like to invite you to voice your opinion about the current state of the article, be it as a vote or a comment, on the article's nomination page.

Thanks! :) Todor→Bozhinov 16:49, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Taj Mahal RFC

 * I've filed an RFC relating to the Taj Mahal at Talk:Taj Mahal. Your comments would be welcome. Joopercoopers 18:16, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Economy of India editor
Ravikaran, before you around deleting content being created by others repeatedly, be aware of this rule. I might have to report you: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Three_revert_rule
 * I am not here to play 3RR games. I have opened a discussion on the talk page. Please join that. — Ravikiran 17:52, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

WP:PINQ
Hi! It's your turn to ask a question. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  16:13, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Sure. Let me take a day to think of one. — Ravikiran 20:18, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Right to Information Act
Dear Ravikaran, (Please also see article's page talk). Kindly understand that the topic is Right to Information Act and is no longer Right to Information (India) which article was merged finally in Dec 2006 by "The Project". Some of your (re)insertions are factually incorrect and/or sourced from dubious sources. For example you reinsert that GoI was forced to "cancel" RTI Act amendments, yet there is a very recent decision of CIC in Aruna Roy's / Shekhar Singh's 2nd appeal against DoPT saying it is being revived again in Parliament.Dogsoc 16:39, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

PINQ
Hi! I know its your turn but I've posed Q13 on PINQ. I want to create a set of articles on the answer but didn't want people to look at my contributions to gain clues. So, I thought I'd ask the question and then proceed on after the answer is guessed. Hope that's ok with you. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  03:35, 4 November 2007 (UTC)
 * That's okay. I was too busy anyway. — Ravikiran 06:14, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Indian Economy Blog
Wow! I didn't know you wrote for the Indian Economy Blog! That blog's supercool! I love it! — Nearly Headless Nick   {C}  14:03, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

FARMessage for Ladakh
nominated Ladakh for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Remove" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. AshLin (talk) 10:19, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Cheque Cashing

The article Cheque Cashing has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Not notable enough as a process to warrant its own article.

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the Proposed Deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The Speedy Deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and Articles for Deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --  Phantom Steve  ( Contact Me, My Contribs ) 22:31, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 21
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title: User talk:Ravikiran r


text:
Taft High School

Taft School or Taft High School may refer to:

 * Taft School in Watertown, Connecticut, founded by Horace Dutton Taft, William Howard Taft's brother

Schools named after William Howard Taft:
 * William Howard Taft High School (Los Angeles)
 * William Howard Taft High School (Chicago)
 * William Howard Taft High School (New York City)
 * William Howard Taft High School (San Antonio)

Other schools:
 * Taft Union High School Taft, California
 * Robert A. Taft Information Technology High School, also known as Taft High School, Cincinnati, Ohio, named for Robert A. Taft
 * Taft High School (Lincoln City, Oregon), named for the former community of Taft, Oregon, which was named for William Howard Taft
 * Taft High School (Texas), named after the community of Taft, Texas, which was named after Charles Taft

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Taft High School


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Neo Roanoke

Neo Roanoke
An "antogonist" (sic) of some "Gundam" series; "all we really know about him is that he is the commander of an Earth Alliance ship the Girty Lue". Non-encyclopedic fancruft. -- Hoary 06:07, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. If not very notable, redirect to Gundam Seed Destiny. utcursch 06:22, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * F.E.C.E.S.. We are not a fan site and don't need the latest scoop on this sort of thing. Delete. -R. fiend 06:26, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep or redirect. And please find a more civil acronym. Kappa 07:13, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del. Mikkalai 09:07, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Junk fanstuff. If it were redirected it would be neither here nor there, except Roanoke, Virginia could conceivably have some group some day that wants the name.  Geogre 15:46, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge to Gundam Seed Destiny without redirect. GOOPTI.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:59, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge to Gundam Seed Destiny without redirect. Jacob1207 05:18, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. -Sean Curtin 23:29, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as fancruft. A Merge into Gundam Seed Destiny is also ok if people think this person is important enough to the show's mythos to mention there. Indrian 04:53, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge for now. If handled properly there is nothing wrong with "fancruft" and we should probably avoid derogatory attacks on perfectly well written and informative articles.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:36, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd question whether this article fit those criteria, but I agree with avoiding derogatory attacks. -- Antaeus Feldspar 17:43, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge Not worthy of its own article. - Trick 22:42, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Comment Merge without redirect is an illegal action, we need to preserve edit history. Suggest counting as plain merge. Kim Bruning 18:49, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I was under the impression that merge without redirect is merely a more complicated operation, not an "illegal" one. WP:DP states "merge into article and delete is only a valid option if the information on authorship of the content is somehow preserved" but does not state that the option is illegal. -- Antaeus Feldspar 20:43, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, no redirect, no merge: fancruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 03:27, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Barbara Robinson (author)

Barbara Robinson (October 24, 1927 – July 9, 2013) was an American author and writer of the children's books The Best Christmas Pageant Ever (1972) and The Best School Year Ever (1994).

Biography
Barbara Robinson was born and raised in Portsmouth, Ohio, and had no brothers or sisters. Her father died when she was three. Robinson's mother, a schoolteacher in Portsmouth for forty-nine years, got her interested in books, and she began writing very early. Robinson attended Allegheny College, where she received a bachelor's degree in theater.

In addition to her children's books, Robinson wrote many short stories in publications such as McCall's, Redbook and Ladies Home Journal, and has some books of poetry.

Robinson lived in Berwyn, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. She died July 9, 2013, at her home in Berwyn. She was 85 and had cancer. Robinson had two daughters with her husband John F. Robinson: Carolyn and Marjorie; three grandchildren: Tomas, Marcos, and Lucas.

Works

 * Across from Indian Shore, illustrated by Evaline Ness (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1962)
 * Trace through the Forest (Lothrop, 1965)
 * The Fattest Bear in the First Grade, illus. Cyndy Szekeres (Random House, 1969) – picture book
 * Temporary Times, Temporary Places (Harper & Row, 1982)
 * My Brother Louis Measures Worms and other Louis stories (Harper, 1988)

 * The Herdmans

 * The Best Christmas Pageant Ever, illus. Judith Gwyn Brown (Harper, 1972); global title The Worst Kids in the World
 * The Best School Year Ever (Harper, 1994)
 * The Best Halloween Ever (HarperCollins Joanna Cotler Books, 2004)

title: Barbara Robinson (author)


text:
Zumpt

Zumpt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1792–1894), German classical scholar
 * August Wilhelm Zumpt (1815–1887), German classical scholar, nephew of Karl
 * Fritz Konrad Ernst Zumpt (1908–1985), German entomologist

title: Zumpt


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/St. Joseph's College, Hunters Hill

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. Joyous 20:50, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

St. Joseph's College, Hunters Hill
This page is about a totally unnotable school that has no real importance in the general scheme of things. There are many more impotant and interesting academic institutions in Sydney that are more deserving of a place in Wikipedia than this. Sastrawan 06:10, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I must agree completely. It bears no real significance to anything, and there are but a few minor famour people who have emerged from this school. As Sastrawan said above, the real attention should be given to more noteworthy schools in the Sydney area, who prroduce many more famous and internationally renowned citizens. (Unsigned by User:Manser, whose only edit was this vote)
 * Delete If you are to delete this, also remove the other schools in the GPS Schools. Although if such a move was warranted, I would recommend keeping the page on Sydney Grammar. (Unsigned by User:144.132.235.43
 * Keep: All colleges belong on Wikipedia. --Golbez 06:51, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, it is a secondary school, which can be called grammar schools or colleges in Australia. --BM
 * Keep: Those voting to delete this item are schoolboys trying to amuse themselves and their friends. Read Sastrawan's bio for further insights.
 * Seems like this page was never posted to VfD. I'm finishing the process. No vote. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-16 15:38 Z

 * Keep. — Trilobite (Talk) 16:17, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, sounds like it ended up on VfD as a schoolboy prank to begin with. Wyss 18:35, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Most secondary schools are not notable, but this one is probably an exception because of its history and prominent former students.   --BM 20:41, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Bogus VFD. Nominator deserves censure. This is one of Australia's oldest, wealthiest and most influential private schools, and has produced dozens of historically notable alumni, as even the most basic of researches prior to listing on VFD would have revealed. --Centauri 01:17, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep Wincoote 02:30, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. JuntungWu 03:15, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable school in Sydney with notable alumni including the current Australian Chief Justice. Capitalistroadster 09:49, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge into relevant area of Sydney and delete - Skysmith 11:20, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep and agree with Centauri with regards to censure. GRider\talk 23:04, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Nominator indeed deserves censure - David Gerard 23:12, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
2002 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election

The 2002 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election was held on 22 September 2002 to elect the members of the 4th Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It was held on the same day as the 2002 federal election. The incumbent coalition government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) led by Minister-President Harald Ringstorff retained its majority and continued in office.

Campaign and issues
The election was the first time that a "red-red" SPD–PDS government faced an election. It was held at the same day as the 2002 federal election, and the campaigns of the state parties were highly influenced by the issues in the federal politics.

Parties
The table below lists parties represented in the 3rd Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Election result
! colspan="2" | Party ! Votes ! % ! +/- ! Seats ! +/- ! Seats % ! colspan=8| ! align=right colspan=2| Total ! align=right| 970,031 ! align=right| 100.0 ! align=right| ! align=right| 71 ! align=right| ±0 ! align=right| ! align=right colspan=2| Voter turnout ! align=right| ! align=right| 70.6 ! align=right| 8.6 ! align=right| ! align=right| ! align=right|
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Social Democratic Party (SPD)
 * align=right| 394,118
 * align=right| 40.6
 * align=right| 6.3
 * align=right| 33
 * align=right| 6
 * align=right| 46.5
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
 * align=right| 304,125
 * align=right| 31.4
 * align=right| 1.2
 * align=right| 25
 * align=right| 1
 * align=right| 35.2
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS)
 * align=right| 159,065
 * align=right| 16.4
 * align=right| 8.0
 * align=right| 13
 * align=right| 7
 * align=right| 18.3
 * align=right| 13
 * align=right| 7
 * align=right| 18.3
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Free Democratic Party (FDP)
 * align=right| 45,676
 * align=right| 4.7
 * align=right| 3.1
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| ±0
 * align=right| 0
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne)
 * align=right| 25,402
 * align=right| 2.6
 * align=right| 0.1
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| ±0
 * align=right| 0
 * bgcolor=#63B8FF|
 * align=left | Party for a Rule of Law Offensive (Schill party)
 * align=right| 16,483
 * align=right| 1.7
 * align=right| New
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| New
 * align=right| 0
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Others
 * align=right| 25,162
 * align=right| 2.6
 * align=right|
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| ±0
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right|
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| ±0
 * align=right| 0
 * }


text:
Talk:Interscope Records

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title: Talk:Interscope Records


text:
Podzol

In soil science, podzols, also known as podosols, spodosols, or espodossolos, are the typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests and also the typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia. In Western Europe, podzols develop on heathland, which is often a construct of human interference through grazing and burning. In some British moorlands with podzolic soils, cambisols are preserved under Bronze Age barrows.

Term
Podzol means "under-ash" and is derived from the Russian под + зола́ ('); the full form is подзо́листая по́чва ('), meaning "under-ashed soil". The term was first given in mid-1875 by Vasily Dokuchaev. It refers to the common experience of Russian peasants of plowing up an apparent under-layer of ash (leached or E horizon) during first plowing of a virgin soil of that type.

Characteristics
Podzols can occur on almost any parent material but generally derive from either quartz-rich sands and sandstone or sedimentary debris from magmatic rocks, provided there is high precipitation. Most Podzols are poor soils for agriculture due to the sandy portion, resulting in a low level of moisture and nutrients. Some are sandy and excessively drained. Others have shallow rooting zones and poor drainage due to subsoil cementation. A low pH further compounds issues, along with phosphate deficiencies and aluminum toxicity. The best agricultural use of Podzols is for grazing, although well-drained loamy types can be very productive for crops if lime and fertilizer are used.

The E horizon (or Ae in Canadian soil classification system), which is usually 4 to 8 cm thick, is low in Fe and Al oxides and humus. It is formed under moist, cool and acidic conditions, especially where the parent material, such as granite or sandstone, is rich in quartz. It is found under a layer of organic material in the process of decomposition, which is usually 5 to 10 cm thick. In the middle, there is often a thin horizon of 0.5 to 1 cm. The bleached soil horizon, which always has a higher value than the horizons above and below it, goes over into a red or red-brown horizon (so-called Podzolic B). The colour is strongest in the upper part, and change at a depth of 50 to 100 cm progressively to the part of the soil that is mainly not affected by processes; that is the parent material. The soil profiles are designated by the letters A (topsoil), E (eluviated soil), B (subsoil) and C (parent material).

In some Podzols, the E horizon is absent—either masked by biological activity or obliterated by disturbance. Podzols with little or no E horizon development are often classified as brown Podzolic soils, also called Umbrisols or Umbrepts.

Geographic distribution

Podzols cover about 4850000 km2 worldwide and are usually found under sclerophyllous woody vegetation. By extent Podzols are most common in temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere but they can also be found in other settings including both temperate rainforests and tropical areas.

In South America Podzols occur beneath Nothofagus betuloides forests in Tierra del Fuego.

Podzolization
Podzolization (or Podsolization ) is a complex soil formation process by which dissolved organic matter and ions of iron and aluminium, released through weathering of various minerals, form organo-mineral complexes (chelates) and are moved from the upper parts of the soil profile and deposit in the deeper parts of soil. Through this process, the eluvial horizon becomes bleached and of ash-grey colour. The complexes move with percolating water further down to illuviated horizons which are commonly coloured brown, red or black as they accumulate and consist of cemented sesquioxides and/or organic compounds. The podzolization is a typical soil formation process in Podzols.

Preconditions
Podzolization usually occurs under forest or heath vegetation and is common in cool and humid climates as these climates inhibit the activity of soil microbes in the topsoil. Overall, podzolization happens where the decomposition of organic matter is inhibited and as a result, acidic organic surface (mor) layers build up. Under these typically acidic conditions, nutrient deficiency further hampers the microbial degradation of organic complexing agents. Medium to coarse textured soils with base-poor parent material (usually rich in quartz) also promote podzolization, as they encourage percolating water flow.

Key steps
The soil-forming process of podzolization can be broken down into two main steps:

 * 1) Mobilization and translocation of organic matter, Fe and Al from the surface horizon, and
 * 2) Immobilization and stabilization of organic matter, Fe and Al into the subsoil.  Podzol_A_soils.svg

In the topsoil of acidic soils, organic matter (mostly from plant litter, the humus layer and root exudates) together with Al- and Fe-ions, form organo-mineral complexes. These soluble chelates then relocate with percolating water from the A (or E horizon) to the B horizon. As a result of this, the E horizon (or Ae horizon in the Canadian system of soil classification) is left bleached and ash-grey in colour, while the B horizon becomes enriched with relocated organo-mineral complexes. The colour of B horizon is consequently red, brown or black, depending on the dominance of metal ions or organic matter. Usually, the boundary between the B and eluvial Ae (or E) horizon is very distinct, and sometimes a hardpan (or Ortstein ) can form, as the relocated Fe and Al and organic matter increase mineral particles, cementing them into this compacted layer.

There are several reasons why these organo-mineral complexes immobilize in the B horizon: If during the eluviation process more Al- or Fe-ions bind to the organic compounds, the complex can flocculate as the solubility of it decreases with increasing metal to carbon ratio. Apart from that, a higher pH (or higher Ca content) in the lower soil horizons can result in the breakdown of metal-humus complexes. In the lower soil layers, the organic complexing agents can be degraded by functioning microorganisms. Already established complexes in the B horizon can act as a filter, as they adsorb the traveling complexes from the upper soil horizons. A decreased water conductivity due to higher clay content can also result in the early flocculation of organo-mineral complexes.

The relocated substances can sometimes separate in the illuvial horizons. Then, organic substances are mostly enriched in the uppermost part of the illuvial horizon, whereas Fe- and Al-oxides are mostly found in the lower parts of the illuvial horizon.

Podzolization also promotes the relocation of some nutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and P) that sometimes brings them closer to plant roots.

In different soil classification systems
The definitions in different soil classification systems are quite different. Especially soils that show pronounced other soil-forming processes in addition to podzolization are handled in different ways. The following correlations refer to soils, which have undergone advanced podzolization but lack prominent other soil-forming processes.

The term Podzols is used in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) and in many national soil classification systems (in some of them, spelled Podsols).

 * The USDA soil taxonomy and the Chinese soil taxonomy call these soils Spodosols.
 * The Canadian system of soil classification matches Podzols with soils under the Podzolic order (e.g. Humo-Ferric Podzol).
 * The Australian Soil Classification uses the term Podosols.
 * The Brazilian Soil Classification System calls them Espodossolos.

title: Podzol


text:
Talk:Vanderlei de Lima

Caption
Hi. I noticed the image at the top of the article is not what the subtitle claims. The tag says that in it, we see Vanderlei de Lima returning to Brazil with the bronze medal. The moment I saw it, I knew that wasn't the case. When I visited the image's page my suspicions were confirmed. There, the date of the image says September 7, 2004: that's the Brazilian independence date. This year, Vanderlei de Lima participated in the official celebrations at the nation's capital, Brasília, he opened the military parade carrying the Brazilian flag. That's what the image shows: Vanderlei de Lima in the independence parade in Brasília, not his return home from Athens with the bronze medal (in that occasion, he only paraded through Rio de Janeiro on a Firefighter truck, in addition to a similar parade in his native Maringá). Either we fix the subtitle or we replace the image, which I think would be better. Regards, Redux 06:13, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Requested move 8 August 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. See closing comment below. Andrewa (talk) 05:16, 15 August 2016 (UTC)

Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima → Vanderlei de Lima – The page was moved arbitrarily by one user, with a summary that made no sense. The man is known as Vanderlei de Lima, because of the common lusophone custom of the dominant secondary (paternal) surname. See https://www.olympic.org/videos/vanderlei-de-lima-settles-for-bronze-after-protester-s-attack IOC and https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/vanderlei-de-lima-the-story-of-a-man-that-g IAAF, the authorities on his sport, as well as practically all English-language media 89.243.165.189 (talk) 01:41, 8 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Closing comment: The previous undiscussed move read 16:10, 1 September 2014 De Boni 2007 moved page Vanderlei de Lima to Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima over redirect: In Brazil,usually the people are called by the first name. I can't make sense of it either. Andrewa (talk) 05:16, 15 August 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Vanderlei de Lima


text:
Template talk:Canadian politics

Redesign
I think a re-design is a good idea, reorganize the sections, etc. Spinboy 06:13, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Paste of previous talk
Hey Spinboy, there is a problem with the template you create in that it creates a huge gap in the text in the articles in which it is placed. See Prime Minister of Canada for example. I am unsure what the problem is and I tried to fix it but was unsuccessful :S

Also, I wonder if you would object if I redesigned it? I think it would make more sense if it was broken down by branch of government and also, I don't think the Deputy PM warrants being on there as that position has no seniority over other ministers. -- Jord 06:09, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Maybe we can discuss this on the talk page for the template, I don't mind a re-design, but let me know what you have in mind, maybe we can do this collaboratively. I based it on the New Zealand politics template. Spinboy 06:11, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

(above pasted from Jord and Spinboy's talk pages)

I am thinking of maybe something based roughly on the PoliticsUK template, eg.

Executive

Monarch

Governor General

Prime Minister

Legislative

House of Commons

 * Speaker

Senate

 * Speaker

Judicial

Supreme Court

Federal Court

etc

(name TBD - i.e. non-partisan/arms length)

Elections Canada

Information Commissioner

Privacy Commissioner

Ethics Commission

Auditor General

Thoughts? -- Jord 06:16, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Maybe also a provinces section with links to Lieutenant-Goveneror, Premier, Legislative Assembly? - Jord 06:20, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I think you also need in there - Leader of the Opposition, aned perhaps even Deptuty PM. I'd remove the Federal Court and maybe instead link to either the Canadian court system and/or the List of Canadian courts of appeal. (Especially since the Federal Court is relatively minor in Canada). Also, like the UK template, link to the Constitution of Canada. I don't think we need elections Canada and all those boring commissioners. Spinboy 06:22, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah I forgot leader of the oppostion... one sec, I'll paste in a proposed change here and we can tweak it until we find what we want. - Jord 06:24, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I am impressed with Template:PoliticsRofI Spinboy 06:31, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Proposed new template
Problems here: lack of generic provincial articles relating to Canada, so perhaps that should be dropped. Not sure if I like the look... maybe we need to put borders in? - Jord 06:39, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Drop province stuff for now, not necessary.
 * I really don't think the Deputy PM should be there, it is just any other cabinet position, right now the Deputy PM is fifth in the order of presedence due to McLellan's having less experience than 3 other ministers.  The only official duty of the DPM is to answer questions when the PM is not in the House and chair cabinet.. the DPM is not analogous to a Vice President. - Jord

 * I think I agree. Further, it all looks way too bulky. I like the sleak design of the Irish one. Spinboy 06:54, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the Irish one is pretty slick but, OTOH, we do cover a lot of good stuff here. I think we've got a winner.  Agreed? - Jord 06:55, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I added the charter too, now a winner!! ;) -- Jord
 * Absolutely perfect. Just make sure to keep a copy of the old one so you know which pages to remove the template from. Spinboy 06:58, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Old template
I've removed the template from old pages and added it to new ones... I think I got 'em all. Nice workin with ya Spinboy! - Jord 07:05, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Supreme Court
I've noticed a conflict there between a picture and the template, it may need to be cleaned up. Spinboy 07:06, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title of Loyal Opposition leaders
I changed the title for the Loyal Opposition leaders of the Senate and the HoC to read "Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition" as this is the more accurate title.

They are styled as such to show that while they are opposed to the government of the day, they remain loyal to Canada as a whole through the Sovereign of the Crown. gbambino

title: Template talk:Canadian politics


text:
User talk:Georgios

Image:Stainless steel kitchen sink.jpg
Could you please fix the pd-user tag at Image:Stainless steel kitchen sink.jpg? Thue | talk 15:24, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedians in Greece
Hi, I understand that you are either Greek Wikipedian or a Wikipedian living in/with an interest in Greece.

The category page Wikipedians/Greece has been replaced with Category:Wikipedians in Greece but your name still appears on the old list. You might considering moving it. You might also consider adding adding Template:Greekwiki to your user page.

A Greek Wikipedians' notice board has been in existence for some time but is terribly underutilised. It would certainly benefit from your involvement.--Damac 12:17, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

Thessaloniki on the Article Improvement Drive
Hey Georgios! I noticed your work on and interst in Thessaloniki and wanted to let you know that I nominated the city's article for the Article Improvement Drive. It is very close to reaching Featured Article Status and it deserves that recognition. Please feel free to vote for its candidacy at the AID! --Caponer 01:12, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Pyramis-logo-4.jpg
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Orphaned non-free image (File:Pyramis-Logo-Small.jpg)
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Image copyright problem
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Georgios


text:
User talk:KD5TMU

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

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Please see the Talk:Lutheran_Church_-_Missouri_Synod, Law and Gospel.

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User talk:Waldszenen

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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Welcome to the wiki classical music community Stirling Newberry 04:27, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

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Yohkoh

Yohkoh (ようこう, 'Sunbeam'), known before launch as Solar-A, was a Solar observatory spacecraft of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science  (Japan), in collaboration with space agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom. It was launched into Earth orbit on August 30, 1991 by the M-3SII rocket from Kagoshima Space Center. It took its first soft X-ray image on September 13, 1991, 21:53:40, and movie representations of the X-ray corona over 1991-2001 are available at the Yohkoh Legacy site.

Description
The satellite was three-axis stabilized and in a near-circular orbit. It carried four instruments: a Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), a Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT), a Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS), and a Wide Band Spectrometer (WBS). About 50 MB were generated each day and stored on board by a 10.5 MB bubble memory recorder.

Because SXT utilized a charge-coupled device (CCD) as its readout device, perhaps being the first X-ray astronomical telescope to do so, its "data cube" of images was both extensive and convenient, and it revealed much interesting detail about the behavior of the solar corona. Previous solar soft X-ray observations, such as those of Skylab, had been restricted to film as a readout device. Yohkoh therefore returned many novel scientific results, especially regarding solar flares and other forms of magnetic activity.

The mission ended after more than ten years of successful observation when it went into its "safehold" mode during an annular eclipse on December 14, 2001, 20:58:33 and the spacecraft lost lock on the Sun. Operational mistakes and other flaws combined in such a way that its solar panels could no longer charge the batteries, which drained irreversibly; several other solar eclipses had successfully been observed.

On September 12, 2005, the spacecraft burned up during reentry over South Asia. The time of reentry, as provided by the U.S. Space Surveillance Network, was 6:16 pm Japan Standard Time (JST).

Instruments
Yohkoh carried four instruments :
 * The Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) was an X-ray telescope with glancing incidence X-ray mirror and a CCD sensor. There was also a co-aligned optical telescope using the same CCD, but after the failure of the entrance filter in November 1992 it became unusable.

The CCD was 1024×1024 pixels with pixel angular size of 2.45″×2.45″, a point-spread function (core width FWHM) of about 1.5 pixels (i.e. 3.7″), a field of view of 42′×42′, which was a little larger than the whole solar disk. Typical time resolution was 2 s in flare mode and 8 s in quiet (no flare) mode, the maximum time resolution in 0.5 s.

For spectral discrimination, SXT employed wide-band filters installed on a filter wheel. There were five usable filter positions: 1265 Å-thick Al filter (2.5 Å–36 Å pass band), Al/Mg/Mn filter (2.4 Å–32 Å), 2.52 μm Mg filter (2.4 Å–23 Å), 11.6 μm Al filter (2.4 Å–13 Å), 119 μm Be filter (2.3 Å–10 Å). Before the entrance filter failure in November 1992 three more filter positions were available: no analysis filter (2.5 Å–46 Å), Wide band optical filter (4600 Å–4800 Å), Narrow band optical filter (4290 Å–4320 Å).
 * The Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT) was a Fourier-synthesis X-ray imager with 64 bigrid collimators sparsely sampling the (u,v) plane and feeding individual scintillation-counter detectors. HXT was sensitive to photons with energies from 14 keV to 93 keV, this range was divided into four energy bands (called L, M1, M2, H). The angular resolution was about 5″, image synthesis field of view is 2′×2′, maximum time resolution was 0.5 s.
 * Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) was two bent crystal spectrometers sensitive in four spectral lines: the line of ion Fe XXVI (1.76 Å–1.81 Å), ion Fe XXV (1.83 Å–1.90 Å), ion Ca XIX (3.16 Å–3.19 Å), and ion S XV (5.02 Å–5.11 Å). Spectral resolution varied in the range of λ/Δλ=3000–8000, typical time resolution in flare mode was 8 s, maximum is 0.125 s. BCS integrates radiation over the whole solar disc.
 * Wide Band Spectrometer (WBS) had spectroscopic capabilities in a wide energy band from 3 keV to 100 MeV. WBS was a set of four subinstruments, eаch of them outputs Pulse Count (PC) corresponding to intensity integrated over a band, and Pulse Height (PH) profile which corresponded to spectrum. Time resolution for PC (0.125 s–4 s for different subinstruments and modes) was 8–16 times better than for PH (1 s–32 s). WBS integrated radiation over the whole Sun and did not resolve source position.
 * Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) consisted of two proportional gas counters with nominal energy band 5 keV–40 keV, which was divided into two PC channels and 128 PH channels. It was found after the launch that PH to energy relationship was distorted. No energy calibration for WBS PH data was available in 1999.
 * Hard X-ray Spectrometer (HXS) was a NaI(Tl) scintillator. The energy band after June 1992 was 24 keV–830 keV. It was divided into 2 PC channels and 32 PH channels.
 * Gamma-ray Spectrometer (GRS) consisted of two identical bismuth germanate oxide scintillators. It covered energy range 0.3 MeV–100 MeV, which was divided into 6 PC channels and 128+16 PH channels.
 * Radiation Belt Monitor (RBM) unlike the other three was not aimed at solar flare observations and served to sound the alarm for radiation belt passage.

title: Yohkoh


text:
Supreme Court of New Jersey

The Supreme Court of New Jersey is the highest court in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, the Supreme Court of New Jersey is the final judicial authority on all cases in the state court system, including cases challenging the validity of state laws under the state constitution. It has the sole authority to prescribe and amend court rules and regulate the practice of law, and it is the arbiter and overseer of the decennial legislative redistricting. One of its former members, William J. Brennan Jr., became an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

It has existed in three different forms under the three different state constitutions since the independence of the state in 1776. As currently constituted, the court replaced the prior New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals, which had been the highest court created under the Constitution of 1844. Now, the Supreme Court hears appeals from the Appellate Division and, on rare occasions, other cases from within the judicial and administrative system directly, by order of the Court.

Previous compositions
Until the Constitution of 1947, the Supreme Court was an intermediate court. Under the two previous New Jersey state constitutions (1776 and 1844), the phrase "Supreme Court" referred to a lower court, similar to the New York Supreme Court. Both the "supreme court" and the actual highest court were composed in a radically different manner from that of the current supreme court or its inferior courts.

Under the 1776 constitution
Under the colonial constitution of 1776, the upper house of the legislature (which was styled the Legislative Council) along with the governor was to be "the Court of Appeals", defined as the court of last resort, similar to the Law Lords of Great Britain. A separate "Supreme Court" was also mentioned, but no indication of its duties was given, only term limits of its judges (seven years). As time progressed and political philosophies changed, people took issue with numerous parts of the original constitution: It was hastily thrown together, used property qualifications for enfranchisement, contained scant guarantees of freedoms, was unamendable, and freely intermingled the three branches of government.

Jurisdiction
Under the current (1947 and amended) constitution, the highest court in the state is the Supreme Court. It does not have original jurisdiction; instead, it hears appeals, oversees the state's court system, and regulates the legal profession within the state.

Normally, an appeal from one of the trial divisions of the New Jersey Superior Court goes to the Appellate Division of that court. Thereafter, it may be brought before the Supreme Court if a statute provides that the case may go to that court, or if it meets one or more of the following five requirements:
 * as of right if the case involves a question of constitutionality;
 * as of right if an Appellate Division judge dissented from that court's ruling;
 * formerly, as of right if the case involved capital punishment (now abolished in New Jersey);
 * at the Supreme Court's discretion, when the Supreme Court grants certification; or
 * by operation of law if the case involves the drawing of political boundaries (see below).

Political functions
The court serves as a de facto tie-breaker in case the twelve-member New Jersey Redistricting Commission fails to come to an agreement on who the 13th independent tie-breaking member will be, following the decennial United States Census. If the commission reports ("certifies") to the court that it is evenly divided, the commission may nominate two people to become an independent 13th member. The court appoints the one deemed "more qualified," who will then break the tie.

If the Commission still cannot reach a 7–6 majority in favor of a final redistricting configuration, the two district plans receiving the greatest number of votes, but not fewer than five votes, are submitted to the Supreme Court, which selects and certifies whichever of the two plans so submitted conforms most closely to the requirements of the Constitution and laws of the United States.

In the case of the Apportionment Commission for state legislative districts, the Chief Justice alone gets to pick the final 11th member of the commission. The court also acts as final arbiter of the inability or absence of the Governor or Lieutenant Governor, following a declaration by the Legislature. As in federal impeachment trials, in case of impeachment of the Governor, the Chief Justice presides.

Appointment, composition, and life on the bench
The Governor nominates all justices to the Court but may choose only from among those lawyers admitted to the New Jersey bar for at least ten years. Following seven days of public notice, nominees are put before the Senate for "advice and consent". Once appointed after State Senate confirmation, justices (and all state judges in New Jersey) serve for an initial term of seven years. After their initial term, the Governor may choose to nominate them for tenure, sending the nomination for tenure to the State Senate, which must again decide whether or not to grant advice and consent. Judges confirmed to a tenured position on the Court serve until they die, resign, retire or are retired, are impeached and removed, or reach the age of 70, at which point they are automatically retired. The Court consists of seven justices, one of whom serves as the chief justice. The chief justice may select judges from the Superior Court, senior in service, to serve temporarily on the Supreme Court when he determines it necessary to fill a vacancy.

The salary of the chief justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court is $192,795, while the salary of each associate justice is $185,482. Once in office, the salary of judges may not be decreased. While sitting on the bench, judges are not permitted to practice law or earn money from any other source.

A majority of the General Assembly may pass articles of impeachment against a justice, which the Senate will then try. Only a two-thirds majority will convict, and the Senate may punish a convicted justice with only removal from office and prohibition on holding future office. After a justice has been impeached by the General Assembly—but before the Senate renders a verdict on the charges—the justice may not exercise any official function. By virtue of accepting a position in the Executive or Legislative branches of government or becoming a candidate for political office, a justice is considered as resigned from the bench.

Should a justice or judge become "incapacitated" to the point at which they can no longer continue in office, the Court as a whole may notify the governor. The governor then appoints a three-member commission and, depending on their decision, may force them to retire.

Current membership
By tradition, a partisan balance is maintained on the Supreme Court, with the sitting governor permitted to arrange his appointments so that his party has a one-seat advantage. The tradition of partisan balance can influence the governor's selection of a chief justice, a fact demonstrated in 2006 when Chief Justice Deborah Poritz, a Republican, reached the mandatory retirement age. To avoid appointing a Republican to the highest judicial position in the state, Democratic governor Jon Corzine instead elevated Associate Justice James R. Zazzali, a Democrat, to the chief justice position and appointed a Republican to fill the seat Zazzali had occupied. When Zazzali reached the age of 70 less than a year later, Corzine was able to nominate a Democrat, Attorney General and former federal prosecutor Stuart Rabner, to serve as chief justice. The state Senate confirmed Rabner on June 21, 2007, and he was sworn in as chief justice eight days later.

Traditionally in New Jersey, the governor re-submits for tenure the justices whose initial terms have expired,

Governor Chris Christie, a Republican, elected not to renominate Justice John E. Wallace Jr. in May 2010 and instead nominated attorney Anne M. Patterson. After New Jersey Senate Majority Leader Stephen Sweeney, a Democrat, refused to consider any nominee to Wallace's seat, Christie nominated Patterson to replace Justice Rivera-Soto who announced he would step down when his term expired in September 2011. The New Jersey Senate unanimously confirmed Patterson on June 28, 2011. She was sworn into a seat on the Court, replacing Rivera-Soto, on September 1, 2011.

An impasse between Christie and the Democratic State Senate resulted in longstanding vacancies, and the rejection or refusal to consider several Christie nominees. On May 21, 2014, a compromise was reported under which the Governor agreed to re-appoint Chief Justice Rabner, and the Senate agreed to consider the nomination of Judge Lee Solomon, a Republican.

In May 2018, Governor Phil Murphy announced his intention to renominate Justice Anne Patterson for tenure. Justice Patterson was reconfirmed by the Senate on July 26, 2018. On June 5, 2020, Murphy announced his intention to nominate Fabiana Pierre-Louis to replace Justice Walter F. Timpone, who was required to retire on November 10, 2020. On August 24, 2020, the New Jersey Senate's Judiciary Committee voted 11–0 to advance her nomination to the full Senate, and on August 27, 2020, the Senate voted 39–0 to confirm her to the Court. Pierre-Louis assumed office on September 1, 2020.

Also in June 2020, Murphy announced his intention to nominate Justice Faustino Fernandez-Vina for tenure. On October 29, 2020, the Senate voted 34–0 to grant Fernandez-Vina tenure.

On March 8, 2021, Justice Jaynee LaVecchia announced that she would retire on August 31, 2021, more than three years before her mandatory retirement date. A week later, Murphy announced his intention to nominate Rachel Wainer Apter, the director of the New Jersey Division of Civil Rights, to replace LaVecchia. Apter was blocked for 14 months by Republican Senator Holly Schepisi by a process called senatorial consent (similar to the blue slip process for federal judgeships), and was only allowed to move forward after two more justices, Barry T. Albin and Faustino J. Fernandez-Vina, had reached retirement age in the interim and Murphy nominated Republican Douglas M. Fasciale to succeed Fernandez-Vina. Both Apter and Fasciale were confirmed on October 17, 2022.

Constitutional law
The principle of judicial review in New Jersey was the result of then Chief Justice David Brearley's opinion in Holmes v. Walton (1779 or 1780). While the case was decided against the plaintiff, the court's consideration of the matter asserted its ability to determine constitutionality. This was followed by the federal Supreme Court's case of Marbury v. Madison.

In State v. Post and State v. Van Beuren 20 N.J.L. 368, decided together, the constitutionality of slavery in the state was challenged on the grounds that the first article of the first section of the newly passed (1844) state constitution ("All men are by nature free and independent...") precluded it. The court by two to one (with one absence), rejected this stating that "the constitution has not ... abolished slavery." Slavery was abolished nationwide by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865.

Individual rights
The Court has delivered many cases concerning the rights of individuals, in many cases reading them expansively:

In its 1966 decision in Clover Hill Swimming Club, Inc. v. Robert F. Goldsboro and Division on Civil Rights (47 N.J. 25; 219 A.2d 161; 1966 N.J. LEXIS 180), the court ruled against the club, which had denied membership to an African-American. The club claimed that as a private organization it could choose its own membership although it had placed advertisements in local newspapers and magazines.

In ''State ex rel. T. L. O.'', 463 A. 2d 934 (1983) the court decided, against two lower courts, that a search of a student's purse without a warrant was unreasonable. This was appealed as New Jersey v. T. L. O. 469 U.S. 325 (1985), wherein the United States Supreme Court ruled that students and minors have a lower expectation of privacy, saying in its noted ruling that "school officials need not obtain a warrant before searching a student who is under their authority."

In re Quinlan 355 A.2d 647 concerned the right to die of Karen Ann Quinlan, who was in a persistent vegetative state following prolonged respiratory failure. Her parents (and legal guardians) requested to have her ventilator removed, which the officials at the hospital refused to do. The court ultimately ruled in her parents' favor. She continued to live without artificial respiration for several years afterwards.

In 1988, the Court ruled in In re Baby M (537 A.2d 1227, 109 N.J. 396) that the surrogate mother of Baby M, despite previous rulings denying her custody, was entitled to visitation rights.

In Desilets v. Clearview Regional Board of Education (647 A.2d. 150, 137 N.J. 585 (1994)), the Court ruled that Clearview did not violate students' free speech rights under the First Amendment or the New Jersey State Constitution.

Dale v. Boy Scouts of America (160 N.J. 562 (1999)) concerned the right of the Boy Scouts of America organization to expel a member for declaring himself to be homosexual. James Dale, the plaintiff, was a member of the organization for some years before he made his orientation public. Upon discovering this, the district BSA council revoked his membership. Dale sued for violating the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination, which the court unanimously agreed applied to the BSA. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed in Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000), a 5–4 decision. Apprendi v. New Jersey, a later ruling, was also overruled.

In a 4–2 vote in 2000, the court struck down a law signed by Governor Christine Whitman requiring parental notification when abortions were performed on minor children. The court held that the privacy rights of the minors were paramount and were guaranteed by New Jersey's state constitution.

The court's 2006 decision in Caballero v. Martinez concerned an illegal immigrant, Victor Manuel Caballero, who was injured during an accident while riding in an uninsured vehicle driven by an unlicensed person. The Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund, set up to cover injuries by uninsured drivers, refused to compensate him as he was not a legal resident. The Court on hearing his case overruled two lower courts and declared Caballero to be entitled to compensation from the fund, stating that "a person may be a 'resident' even if the intent to remain ultimately is not realized". Previously an individual who had lived five months with relatives was not a resident with respect to the Fund.

In 2006, the Court decided in Lewis v. Harris that the legislature must change state law, within 180 days, to afford equal protection to same-sex couples, via marriage, or an identical substitute, such as civil unions. The New Jersey Legislature responded by enacting civil unions. This case was the basis for a New Jersey Superior Court ruling that led to the legalization of same-sex marriage in New Jersey in Garden State Equality v. Dow.

In 2020, the Court decided in State of New Jersey v. Andrews, by a 4–3 vote, that a court order compelling a defendant to provide the passwords to his cell phones to the police did not violate either federal or state protections against compelled disclosure of potentially self-incriminating information. This ruling contributed to a growing split in how federal and state courts have addressed the issue of compelled decryption, with the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit reaching similar decisions and state supreme courts in Indiana and Pennsylvania deciding the opposite.

Social and political cases
In State v. Driver (1962), the Court held that a sound recording of an interrogation of a defendant can only be admitted into evidence if it is competent and relevant. The Court introduced a five-factor test to assess whether a recorded interrogation is admissible.

In Abbott v. Burke (1981), or Abbott I, which was filed on behalf of students of the most depressed school districts, the Court decided that a single test must be applied statewide to determine if students were getting the constitutionally mandated education. Also, the Abbott districts are given state aid to match the operating budget of the richer districts. Since then there have been seven "Abbott cases", many of which ended with the court finding the New Jersey Legislature's latest educational acts unconstitutional.

In 1975 and 1983, two cases, both named Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P. v. Mount Laurel Township, were decided by the Court. The Constitution was interpreted to require that zoning authorities institute inclusionary zoning of their land to create affordable housing, that the districts had to equally take on the required load of housing, and that exclusionary zoning was illegal. These requirements are now commonly referred to as the Mount Laurel Doctrine.

State v. Kelly, 91 N.J. 178 (1984), is a Supreme Court case where the defendant, Gladys Kelly, was on trial for allegedly murdering her husband, Ernest Kelly, with a pair of scissors. The Supreme Court reversed the case for further trial after finding that expert testimony regarding the defense's submission that Kelly suffered from battered woman syndrome was incorrectly excluded, as the syndrome was a proper subject for expert evidence despite being a new field.

In Democratic Party v. Samson, 814 A.2d 1028 (2002), the Court allowed the state Democratic Party to change their candidate for the upcoming federal Senate race from Robert Torricelli to Frank Lautenberg despite the deadline having passed. In its opinion it cited previous cases before the Court, including one stating "Election laws are to be liberally construed", to decide that the change was in the interest of the electorate.

title: Supreme Court of New Jersey


text:
Nicholas Perricone

Nicholas Perricone is an American celebrity doctor. He is a board certified dermatologist, a businessman, and an author of self-help books about weight loss and maintaining the appearance of youth. He earned his medical degree from Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. His clinic is on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan.

He opposes the use of Botox. He argues that exercise, an anti-inflammatory diet plus dietary supplements, superfoods, and topical products can help fight aging and its effects on appearance. His company, N.V. Perricone, M.D. Ltd., sells branded products described in his books and that he markets on shows like Dr Oz, and as of 2008 had $50M in revenue. According to PEERtrainer, his critics "accuse him of making crazy promises in order to sell product. His claims, it is argued, are backed by very little scientific research, and any research he has done himself has never been published in medical journals, where it would be subject to scrupulous review."

Harriet Hall and Stephen Barrett have written that Perricone's writings "contain many claims that are questionable, controversial, fanciful, unsupported by published evidence, or just plain wrong."

title: Nicholas Perricone


text: User talk:68.106.195.200

title: User talk:68.106.195.200


text:
2003 Lower Saxony state election

The 2003 Lower Saxony state election was held on 2 February 2003 to elect the members of the 15th Landtag of Lower Saxony. The incumbent Social Democratic Party (SPD) majority government led by Minister-President Sigmar Gabriel was defeated. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) came up one seat short of a majority, and formed a coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP). CDU leader Christian Wulff was subsequently elected minister-president.

Background
The election in Lower Saxony had larger significance than just in the state itself. Defeat for the Social Democrats in the election would mean they lost their slim majority in the upper house of the German parliament, the Bundesrat. It was thought this might cause the collapse of Gerhard Schröder's national coalition government between the Social Democrats and the Green Party.

Campaign and issues
The economy was seen as the most important issue in the election, with the Social Democrats suffering as a result.

Opinion polls in December 2002 showed the Christian Democrats in the lead with 43% as against 34% for the Social Democrats.

Parties
The table below lists parties represented in the 14th Landtag of Lower Saxony.

Election result
! colspan="2" | Party ! Votes ! % ! +/- ! Seats ! +/- ! Seats % ! colspan=8| ! align=right colspan=2| Total ! align=right| 3,984,009 ! align=right| 100.0 ! align=right| ! align=right| 183 ! align=right| 26 ! align=right| ! align=right colspan=2| Voter turnout ! align=right| ! align=right| 67.0 ! align=right| 6.8 ! align=right| ! align=right| ! align=right|
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
 * align=right| 1,925,055
 * align=right| 48.3
 * align=right| 12.4
 * align=right| 91
 * align=right| 29
 * align=right| 49.7
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Social Democratic Party (SPD)
 * align=right| 1,330,156
 * align=right| 33.4
 * align=right| 14.5
 * align=right| 63
 * align=right| 20
 * align=right| 34.4
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Free Democratic Party (FDP)
 * align=right| 323,107
 * align=right| 8.1
 * align=right| 3.2
 * align=right| 15
 * align=right| 15
 * align=right| 8.2
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne)
 * align=right| 304,532
 * align=right| 7.6
 * align=right| 0.6
 * align=right| 14
 * align=right| 2
 * align=right| 7.7
 * align=right| 0.6
 * align=right| 14
 * align=right| 2
 * align=right| 7.7
 * bgcolor=#63B8FF|
 * align=left | Party for a Rule of Law Offensive (Schill party)
 * align=right| 40,342
 * align=right| 1.0
 * align=right| New
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| New
 * align=right| 0
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS)
 * align=right| 21,560
 * align=right| 0.5
 * align=right| 0.5
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| ±0
 * align=right| 0
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left | Others
 * align=right| 39,257
 * align=right| 1.0
 * align=right|
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| ±0
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| 0
 * align=right| ±0
 * align=right| 0
 * }

title: 2003 Lower Saxony state election


text:
Markus Babbel

Markus Babbel (born 8 September 1972) is a German professional football coach and former player who last managed the Western Sydney Wanderers FC. He played as a defender for clubs in Germany and England. Babbel won the UEFA Cup twice, in 1996 with Bayern and in 2001 with Liverpool, and was part of the Germany team that won UEFA Euro 96.

Bayern Munich
Born in Munich, Babbel's first professional club was Bayern Munich. He advanced from the youth squad to the first team and was a starting player eight times, and made four appearances as a substitute in league games.

Hamburger SV and return to Bayern Munich
He moved to Hamburger SV in August 1992 and appeared regularly in the first team, scoring his first league goal in Germany's top-flight. Returning to Bayern Munich in 1994, he started in 167 games, and attracted the attention of Manchester United following UEFA Euro 1996. A£5 million deal was put in place for the German full back, but it never went through. He was signed on a Bosman by Liverpool F.C. manager Gérard Houllier in June 2000, forming part of the back four during Liverpool's successful 2000–01 season.

Liverpool
He was an integral member of Liverpool's side and his characteristic raiding runs down the right side led to a number of goals, including one in the UEFA Cup final itself. His Liverpool career was forced to a sudden halt when he contracted Guillain–Barré syndrome and was unable to play for a year.

Blackburn Rovers
He went on loan to Blackburn Rovers in August 2003 after having recovered from Guillain–Barré syndrome, achieving regular first team appearances in the league and scoring three goals in the process.

VfB Stuttgart
Babbel's last club was VfB Stuttgart, which he joined on a free transfer in July 2004.

In January 2007, Babbel announced that he would retire at the end of the 2006–07 season.

Germany National Team
He was capped 51 times, scoring one goal for Germany and was part of the Euro 96 winning team. Babbel also played for his country at the 1998 FIFA World Cup and Euro 2000.

2007–12: Early career
Following his retirement from football, Babbel stayed on with his last club, VfB Stuttgart, as an assistant manager.

On 24 November 2008, Babbel became head coach of VfB Stuttgart. Upon Babbel's arrival, VfB Stuttgart were 11th in the table after 14 games. Babbel's first match was a 1–1 draw against Sampdoria on 27 November 2008. They finished the season in third place, five points off league winners VfL Wolfsburg and qualifying for the Champions League. On 6 May 2009, Babbel extended his contract with VfB Stuttgart until the summer of 2011, however, on 6 December 2009 VfB Stuttgart and Babbel parted ways. His final match was a 1–1 draw against VfL Bochum on 5 December 2009. At the time of Babbel's sacking, VfB Stuttgart were in 16th place after 15 games played. Babbel finished with a record of 21 wins, 15 draws, and 14 losses. Under Babbel, VfB Stuttgart finished second in their Champions League group and qualified for the round of 16.

Babbel took over Hertha BSC in the 2nd division in July 2010. His first match was a 2–0 German Cup win. In his first season, he succeeded in returning them to the Bundesliga after winning the 2. Bundesliga during the 2010–11 season. On 18 December 2011, Babbel was sacked as coach of Hertha BSC. Prior to this, he had announced that he wanted to leave the club at the end of the season. His final match was a 1–1 draw against TSG Hoffenheim on 17 December 2011. Hertha BSC were in 11th place at the time of the sacking. Babbel finished with a record of 30 wins, 13 draws, and 12 losses.

On 10 February 2012, Babbel took over as manager of TSG Hoffenheim. 1899 Hoffenheim were in eighth place when Babbel took over. His first match was a 1–1 draw against Werder Bremen. 1899 Hoffenheim finished the season in 11th place. On 3 December 2012 he was released because of poor results, with the team in 16th place in the Bundesliga. Babbel's final match was a 4–1 loss to Werder Bremen. Babbel finished with a record of seven wins, eight draws, and 15 losses.

2014–2018: FC Luzern
Babbel became the new head coach of Luzern on 12 October 2014, following the sacking of Carlos Bernegger who failed to win a single league game in 2014–15 season. His first match was a 0–0 draw against Vaduz on 19 October 2014. Luzern finished the 2014–15 season in fifth place.

The 2015–16 season started off with a 2–2 draw against Sion on 18 July 2015. During the 2015–16 season, Luzern got to semi-final of the Swiss Cup and finished 3rd in the league.

The 2016–17 season starts with six matches between 23 July 2016 and 7 August 2016. Luzern won the opening match of the season 2–1 against Lugano on 23 July 2016.

2018: Western Sydney Wanderers
On 19 May 2018, Babbel was appointed as manager of Western Sydney Wanderers FC in the A-League. The 2018–19 A-League season saw the Wanderers finish eighth out of ten teams, winning only six games, drawing six and losing 15. In the 2019–20 season, after a bright start including a 1–0 win over Sydney FC in the first Sydney Derby at the new Western Sydney Stadium, the team collapsed with just 1 win and only 2 draws in the next 11 games, dropping from first place after 3 rounds to 9th place (out of 11) after 14 matches. Babbel was sacked by the Wanderers on Monday, 20 January 2020 with his assistant coach named as interim replacement.

International

 * Score and result list Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after Babbel goal.

As a player
Bayern Munich
 * Bundesliga: 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000
 * DFB-Pokal: 1997–98, 1999–00, Runner-up 1998–99
 * DFB-Ligapokal: 1997, 1998, 1999
 * UEFA Cup: 1995–96
 * UEFA Champions League: Runner-up 1998–99

Liverpool
 * FA Cup: 2000–01
 * League Cup: 2000–01
 * FA Community Shield: 2001
 * UEFA Cup: 2000–01
 * UEFA Super Cup: 2001

VfB Stuttgart
 * Bundesliga: 2006–07
 * DFB-Pokal: Runner-up 2006–07
 * DFB-Ligapokal: Runner-up 2005

International
 * UEFA European Championship: 1996

As a coach
Hertha BSC
 * 2. Bundesliga: 2010–11

title: Markus Babbel


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adman

Adman
Spam for an advertising company. Article reads in full: "Adman is a complete advertising solution for managing, delivery and reporting of advertising campaigns." This is not informative; it's merely an amorphous boast. -- Hoary 06:22, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete spam Cdc 06:31, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Scott $e^{i \pi} \,\!$ 08:38, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * del. Mikkalai 09:07, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Adman has failed to reach his target audience. Alphax (talk) 09:32, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and give Alphax a chocolate for witty comment. utcursch 13:01, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Spam and a link. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 14:07, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Valid speedy delete (I'll kill it in 24 hours barring legitimate "keep" votes): part of the Phaistos Network (also on VfD) article. Geogre 15:45, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Pathetic that "Adman" has to advertise on a free site like Wikipedia. Leaves one wondering about the quality of the product itself... Coolgamer 17:02, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. I wish that people would stop crapping up the Wikipedia with dumb ads like this. Jacob1207 05:19, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adman


text:
Talk:Open Letter to the Scientific Community

For a January 2005 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/Open Letter to the Scientific Community

Article title
The content of this article was removed from Non-standard cosmology and put here. If we decide that this should have its own article, it definitely needs another title. I saw a "neutrality of this article is disputed" tag on the non-standard cosmology article. Anyone know if this is part of some kind of pattern? Also, anyone want to make the case for why this content deserves its own article and shouldn't be merged back into Non-standard cosmology? Dave6 06:23, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Saeculum

[Untitled]
I added The Fourth Turning reference in a new Further Reading section. Most of the content in this article is found in that book, which has many references if someone wants to take this to the next level in terms of citations. Gandalf2000 (talk) 22:47, 8 May 2010 (UTC)

"The ancient Romans held their Olympics once a saeculum, guaranteeing that the Olympic would occur at some point in the average Roman's life. By the second century B.C., Roman historians were using the saeculum to periodize their chronicles and track wars."

Um, the Romans had Olympics? Wouldn't surprise me if they had, considering how much else they ripped off the Greeks, but still... crazyeddie 06:24, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Here's the relevant blub from the Olympics article:

"From that moment on, the Games slowly became more important throughout ancient Greece, reaching their zenith in the sixth and fifth centuries BC. The Olympics were of fundamental religious importance, contests alternating with sacrifices and ceremonies honouring both Zeus (whose colossal statue stood at Olympia), and Pelops, divine hero and mythical king of Olympia famous for his legendary chariot race, in whose honor the games were held. The number of events increased to twenty, and the celebration was spread over several days. Winners of the events were broadly admired and were immortalised in poems and statues. The Games were held every four years, and the period between two celebrations became known as an Olympiad. The Greeks used Olympiads as one of their methods to count years. The most famous Olympic athlete lived in these times: The sixth century BC wrestler Milo of Croton is the only athlete in history to win a victory in six Olympics.

The Games gradually lost in importance as the Romans gained power in Greece. When Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire, the Olympic Games were seen as a "pagan" festival threatening Christian hegemony, and in 393 the emperor Theodosius outlawed the Olympics, ending a thousand year period of Olympic Games."

No mention of the Romans holding Olympics. What gives? crazyeddie 06:27, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

is there any citeable evidence that 'the term was used by the Etruscans'? Baad 13:28, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

"Secular" meaning
Is a qualifier missing from the definition of "secular"? I th"ink the more common meaning these days is of the people or as opposed to sacred. Esha Neogy (talk) 17:32, 2 August 2022 (UTC)

Please excuse the wandering ". Esha Neogy (talk) 17:32, 2 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saeculum