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ISO 10303

ISO 10303 is an ISO standard for the computer-interpretable representation and exchange of product manufacturing information. It is an ASCII-based format. Its official title is: Automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange. It is known informally as "STEP", which stands for "Standard for the Exchange of Product model data". ISO 10303 can represent 3D objects in Computer-aided design (CAD) and related information.

Overview
The objective of the international standard is to provide a mechanism that is capable of describing product data throughout the life cycle of a product, independent from any particular system. The nature of this description makes it suitable not only for neutral file exchange, but also as a basis for implementing and sharing product databases and archiving.

STEP can be typically used to exchange data between CAD, computer-aided manufacturing, computer-aided engineering, product data management/enterprise data modeling and other CAx systems. STEP addresses product data from mechanical and electrical design, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, analysis and manufacturing, as well as additional information specific to various industries such as automotive, aerospace, building construction, ship, oil and gas, process plants and others.

STEP is developed and maintained by the ISO technical committee TC 184, Automation systems and integration, sub-committee SC 4, Industrial data. Like other ISO and IEC standards STEP is copyright by ISO and is not freely available. However, the 10303 EXPRESS schemas are freely available, as are the recommended practices for implementers.

Other standards developed and maintained by ISO TC 184/SC 4 are:
 * ISO 13584 PLIB - Parts Library
 * ISO 15531 MANDATE - Industrial manufacturing management data
 * ISO 15926 Process Plants including Oil and Gas facilities Life-Cycle data
 * ISO 18629 PSL- Process specification language
 * ISO 18876 IIDEAS - Integration of industrial data for exchange, access, and sharing
 * ISO 22745 Open technical dictionaries and their application to master data
 * ISO 8000 Data quality

STEP is closely related with PLIB (ISO 13584, IEC 61360).

History
The basis for STEP was the Product Data Exchange Specification (PDES), which was initiated during the mid-1980's and was submitted to ISO in 1988. The Product Data Exchange Specification (PDES) was a data definition effort intended to improve interoperability between manufacturing companies, and thereby improve productivity.

The evolution of STEP can be divided into four release phases. The development of STEP started in 1984 as a successor of IGES, SET and VDA-FS. The initial plan was that "STEP shall be based on one single, complete, implementation-independent Product Information Model, which shall be the Master Record of the integrated topical and application information models". But because of the complexity, the standard had to be broken up into smaller parts that can be developed, balloted and approved separately. In 1994/95 ISO published the initial release of STEP as international standards (IS) with the parts 1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 101, AP 201 and AP 203. Today AP 203 Configuration controlled 3D design is still one of the most important parts of STEP and supported by many CAD systems for import and export.

In the second phase the capabilities of STEP were widely extended, primarily for the design of products in the aerospace, automotive, electrical, electronic, and other industries. This phase ended in the year 2002 with the second major release, including the STEP parts AP 202, AP 209, AP 210, AP 212, AP 214, AP 224, AP 225, AP 227, AP 232. Basic harmonization between the APs especially in the geometric areas was achieved by introducing the Application Interpreted Constructs (AIC, 500 series).

A major problem with the monolithic APs of the first and second releases is that they are too big, have too much overlap with each other, and are not sufficiently harmonized. These deficits led to the development of the STEP modular architecture (400 and 1000 series). This activity was primarily driven by new APs covering additional life-cycle phases such as early requirement analysis (AP 233) and maintenance and repair (AP 239), and also new industrial areas (AP 221, AP 236). New editions of the previous monolithic APs on a modular basis have been developed (AP 203, AP 209, AP 210). The publication of these new editions coincided with the release in 2010 of the new ISO product SMRL, the STEP Module and Resource Library, that contains all STEP resource parts and application modules on a single CD. The SMRL will be revised frequently and is available at a much lower cost than purchasing all the parts separately.

In December 2014, ISO published the first edition of a new major Application Protocol, AP 242 Managed model based 3d engineering, that combined and replaced the following previous APs in an upward compatible way:
 * AP 201, Explicit draughting. Simple 2D drawing geometry related to a product. No association, no assembly hierarchy.
 * AP 202, Associative draughting. 2D/3D drawing with association, but no product structure.
 * AP 203, Configuration controlled 3D designs of mechanical parts and assemblies.
 * AP 204, Mechanical design using boundary representation
 * AP 214, Core data for automotive mechanical design processes
 * AP 242, Managed model based 3D engineering

AP 242 was created by merging the following two Application protocols:
 * AP 203, Configuration controlled 3D designs of mechanical parts and assemblies (as used by the Aerospace Industry).
 * AP 214, Core data for automotive mechanical design processes (used by the Automotive Industry).

In addition AP 242 edition 1 contains extensions and significant updates for:
 * Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
 * Kinematics
 * Tessellation

Two APs had been modified to be directly based on AP 242, and thus became supersets of it:
 * AP 209, Composite and metallic structural analysis and related design
 * AP 210, Electronic assembly, interconnect and packaging design. This is the most complex and sophisticated STEP AP.

AP242 edition 2, published in April 2020, extends edition 1 domain by the description of Electrical Wire Harnesses and introduces an extension of STEP modelisation and implementation methods based on SysML and system engineering with an optimized XML implementation method.

This new edition contains also enhancements on 3D Dimensioning and Tolerancing, and Composite Design. New functionalities are also introduced like:

 * curved triangles
 * textures
 * levels of detail (LODs)
 * color on vertex
 * 3D scanner data support
 * persistent IDs on geometry
 * additive manufacturing

Structure
STEP is divided into many parts, grouped into
 * Environment
 * Parts 1x: Description methods: EXPRESS, EXPRESS-X
 * Parts 2x: Implementation methods: STEP-File, STEP-XML, SDAI
 * Parts 3x: Conformance testing methodology and framework
 * Integrated data models
 * The Integrated Resources (IR), consisting of
 * Parts 4x and 5x: Integrated generic resources
 * Parts 1xx: Integrated application resources
 * PLIB ISO 13584-20 Parts library: Logical model of expressions
 * Parts 5xx: Application Interpreted Constructs (AIC)
 * Parts 1xxx: Application Modules (AM)
 * Top parts
 * Parts 2xx: Application Protocols (AP)
 * Parts 3xx: Abstract Test Suites (ATS) for APs
 * Parts 4xx: Implementation modules for APs

In total STEP consists of several hundred parts and every year new parts are added or new revisions of older parts are released. This makes STEP the biggest standard within ISO. Each part has its own scope and introduction.

The APs are the top parts. They cover a particular application and industry domain and hence are most relevant for users of STEP. Every AP defines one or several Conformance Classes, suitable for a particular kind of product or data exchange scenario. To provide a better understanding of the scope, information requirements and usage scenarios an informative application activity model (AAM) is added to every AP, using IDEF0.

STEP is primarily defining data models using the EXPRESS modeling language. Application data according to a given data model can be exchanged either by a STEP-File, STEP-XML or via shared database access using SDAI.

Every AP defines a top data models to be used for data exchange, called the Application Interpreted Model (AIM) or in the case of a modular AP called Module Interpreted Models (MIM). These interpreted models are constructed by choosing generic objects defined in lower level data models (4x, 5x, 1xx, 5xx) and adding specializations needed for the particular application domain of the AP. The common generic data models are the basis for interoperability between APs for different kinds of industries and life cycle stages.

In APs with several Conformance Classes the top data model is divided into subsets, one for each Conformance Class. The requirements of a conformant STEP application are: Originally every APs was required to have a companion Abstract test suite (ATS) (e.g. ATS 303 for AP 203), providing Test Purposes, Verdict Criteria and Abstract Test Cases together with example STEP-Files. But because the development of an ATS was very expensive and inefficient this requirement was dropped and replaced by the requirements to have an informal validation report and recommended practices how to use it. Today the recommended practices are a primary source for those going to implement STEP.
 * implementation of either a preprocessor or a postprocessor or both,
 * using one of the STEP implementation methods STEP-File, STEP-XML or SDAI for the AIM/MIM data model and
 * supporting one or several conformance classes of an AP.

The Application Reference Models (ARM) is the mediator between the AAM and the AIM/MIM. Originally its purpose was only to document high level application objects and the basic relations between them. IDEF1X diagrams documented the AP of early APs in an informal way. The ARM objects, their attributes and relations are mapped to the AIM so that it is possible to implement an AP. As APs got more and more complex formal methods were needed to document the ARM and so EXPRESS which was originally only developed for the AIM was also used for the ARM. Over time these ARM models got very detailed till to the point that some implementations preferred to use the ARM instead of the formally required AIM/MIM. Today a few APs have ARM based exchange formats standardized outside of ISO TC184/SC4:
 * PLM-Services within the OMG for AP 214
 * ISO 14649 Data model for computerized numerical controllers for AP 238
 * PLCS-DEXs within OASIS (organization) for AP 239

There is a bigger overlap between APs because they often need to refer to the same kind of products, product structures, geometry and more. And because APs are developed by different groups of people it was always an issue to ensure interoperability between APs on a higher level. The Application Interpreted Constructs (AIC) solved this problem for common specializations of generic concepts, primarily in the geometric area. To address the problem of harmonizing the ARM models and their mapping to the AIM the STEP modules were introduced. They contain a piece of the ARM, the mapping and a piece of the AIM, called MIM. Modules are built on each other, resulting in an (almost) directed graph with the AP and conformance class modules at the very top. The modular APs are:
 * AP 209, Composite and metallic structural analysis and related design
 * AP 210, Electronic assembly, interconnect and packaging design
 * AP 221, Functional data and schematic representation of process plants
 * AP 236, Furniture product data and project data
 * AP 239, Product life cycle support
 * AP 242, Managed model based 3d engineering

The modular editions of AP 209 and 210 are explicit extensions of AP 242.

Coverage of STEP Application Protocols (AP)
The STEP APs can be roughly grouped into the three main areas design, manufacturing and life cycle support.

Design APs:
 * Mechanical:
 * AP 207, Sheet metal die planning and design
 * AP 209, Composite and metallic structural analysis and related design
 * AP 235, Materials information for the design and verification of products
 * AP 236, Furniture product data and project data
 * AP 242, Managed model based 3d engineering
 * Connectivity oriented electric, electronic and piping/ventilation:
 * AP 210, Electronic assembly, interconnect and packaging design. The most complex and sophisticated STEP AP.
 * AP 212, Electrotechnical design and installation.
 * AP 227, Plant spatial configuration
 * Ship:
 * AP 215, Ship arrangement
 * AP 216, Ship moulded forms
 * AP 218, Ship structures
 * Others:
 * AP 225, Building elements using explicit shape representation
 * AP 232, Technical data packaging core information and exchange
 * AP 233, Systems engineering data representation
 * AP 237, Fluid dynamics has been cancelled and the functionality included in AP 209

Manufacturing APs:
 * AP 219, Dimensional inspection information exchange
 * AP 223, Exchange of design and manufacturing product information for cast parts
 * AP 224, Mechanical product definition for process plans using machining features
 * AP 238 - Application interpreted model for computer numeric controllers
 * AP 240, Process plans for machined products

Life cycle support APs:
 * AP 239, Product life cycle support
 * AP 221, Functional data and schematic representation of process plants
 * AP 241, Generic Model for Life Cycle Support of AEC Facilities (planned)

The AP 221 model is very similar to the ISO 15926-2 model, whereas AP 221 follows the STEP architecture and ISO 15926-2 has a different architecture. They both use ISO-15926-4 as their common reference data library or dictionary of standard instances. A further development of both standards resulted in Gellish English as general product modeling language that is application domain independent and that is proposed as a work item (NWI) for a new standard.

The original intent of STEP was to publish one integrated data-model for all life cycle aspects. But due to the complexity, different groups of developers and different speed in the development processes, the splitting into several APs was needed. But this splitting made it difficult to ensure that APs are interoperable in overlapping areas. Main areas of harmonization are:
 * AP 212, 221, 227 and 242 for technical drawings with extension in AP 212 and 221 for schematic functionality
 * AP 224, 238 and 242 for machining features and for Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing

For complex areas it is clear that more than one APs are needed to cover all major aspects:
 * AP 212 and 242 for electro-mechanical products such as a car or a transformer. This will be addressed by the second edition of AP242 that is currently under development
 * AP 242, 209 and 210 for electro/electronic-mechanical products
 * AP 212, 215, 216, 218, 227 for ships
 * AP 203/214, 224, 240 and 238 for the complete design and manufacturing process of piece parts.

title: ISO 10303


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Symmetry breaking

In physics, symmetry breaking is a phenomenon where a disordered but symmetric state collapses into an ordered, but less symmetric state. This collapse is often one of many possible bifurcations that a particle can take as it approaches a lower energy state. Due to the many possibilities, an observer may assume the result of the collapse to be arbitrary. This phenomenon is fundamental to quantum field theory (QFT), and further, contemporary understandings of physics. Specifically, it plays a central role in the Glashow–Weinberg–Salam model which forms part of the Standard model modelling the electroweak sector.In an infinite system (Minkowski spacetime) symmetry breaking occurs, however in a finite system (that is, any real super-condensed system), the system is less predictable, but in many cases quantum tunneling occurs. Symmetry breaking and tunneling relate through the collapse of a particle into non-symmetric state as it seeks a lower energy.

Symmetry breaking can be distinguished into two types, explicit and spontaneous. They are characterized by whether the equations of motion fail to be invariant, or the ground state fails to be invariant.

Non-technical description
This section describes spontaneous symmetry breaking. This is the idea that for a physical system, the lowest energy configuration (the vacuum state) is not the most symmetric configuration of the system. Roughly speaking there are three types of symmetry that can be broken: discrete, continuous and gauge, ordered in increasing technicality.

An example of a system with discrete symmetry is given by the figure with the red graph: consider a particle moving on this graph, subject to gravity. A similar graph could be given by the function $$f(x) = (x^2 - a^2)^2$$. This system is symmetric under reflection in the y-axis. There are three possible stationary states for the particle: the top of the hill at $$x = 0$$, or the bottom, at $$x = \pm a$$. When the particle is at the top, the configuration respects the reflection symmetry: the particle stays in the same place when reflected. However, the lowest energy configurations are those at $$x = \pm a$$. When the particle is in either of these configurations, it is no longer fixed under reflection in the y-axis: reflection swaps the two vacuum states.

An example with continuous symmetry is given by a 3d analogue of the previous example, from rotating the graph around an axis through the top of the hill, or equivalently given by the graph $$f(x,y) = (x^2 + y^2 - a^2)^2$$. This is essentially the graph of the Mexican hat potential. This has a continuous symmetry given by rotation about the axis through the top of the hill (as well as a discrete symmetry by reflection through any radial plane). Again, if the particle is at the top of the hill it is fixed under rotations, but it has higher gravitational energy at the top. At the bottom, it is no longer invariant under rotations but minimizes its gravitational potential energy. Furthermore rotations move the particle from one energy minimizing configuration to another. There is a novelty here not seen in the previous example: from any of the vacuum states it is possible to access any other vacuum state with only a small amount of energy, by moving around the trough at the bottom of the hill, whereas in the previous example, to access the other vacuum, the particle would have to cross the hill, requiring a large amount of energy.

Gauge symmetry breaking is the most subtle, but has important physical consequences. Roughly speaking, for the purposes of this section a gauge symmetry is an assignment of systems with continuous symmetry to every point in spacetime. Gauge symmetry forbids mass generation for gauge fields, yet massive gauge fields (W and Z bosons) have been observed. Spontaneous symmetry breaking was developed to resolve this inconsistency. The idea is that in an early stage of the universe it was in a high energy state, analogous to the particle being at the top of the hill, and so had full gauge symmetry and all the gauge fields were massless. As it cooled, it settled into a choice of vacuum, thus spontaneously breaking the symmetry, thus removing the gauge symmetry and allowing mass generation of those gauge fields. A full explanation is highly technical: see electroweak interaction.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking
In spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB), the equations of motion of the system are invariant, but any vacuum state (lowest energy state) is not.

For an example with two-fold symmetry, if there is some atom which has two vacuum states, occupying either one of these states breaks the two-fold symmetry. This act of selecting one of the states as the system reaches a lower energy is SSB. When this happens, the atom is no longer $$\mathbb{Z}_2$$ symmetric (reflectively symmetric) and has collapsed into a lower energy state.

Such a symmetry breaking is parametrized by an order parameter. A special case of this type of symmetry breaking is dynamical symmetry breaking.

In the Lagrangian setting of Quantum field theory (QFT), the Lagrangian $$L$$ is a functional of quantum fields which is invariant under the action of a symmetry group $$G$$. However, the vacuum expectation value formed when the particle collapses to a lower energy may not be invariant under $$G$$. In this instance, it will partially break the symmetry of $$G$$, into a subgroup $$H$$. This is spontaneous symmetry breaking.

Within the context of gauge symmetry however, SSB is the phenomenon by which gauge fields 'acquire mass' despite gauge-invariance enforcing that such fields be massless. This is because the SSB of gauge symmetry breaks gauge-invariance, and such a break allows for the existence of massive gauge fields. This is an important exemption from Goldstone's Theorem, where a Nambu-Goldstone Boson can gain mass, becoming a Higgs Boson in the process.

Further, in this context the usage of 'symmetry breaking' while standard, is a misnomer, as gauge 'symmetry' is not really a symmetry but a redundancy in the description of the system. Mathematically, this redundancy is a choice of trivialization, somewhat analogous to redundancy arising from a choice of basis.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is also associated with phase transitions. For example in the Ising model, as the temperature of the system falls below the critical temperature the $$\mathbb{Z}_2$$ symmetry of the vacuum is broken, giving a phase transition of the system.

Explicit symmetry breaking

In explicit symmetry breaking (ESB), the equations of motion describing a system are variant under the broken symmetry. In Hamiltonian mechanics or Lagrangian Mechanics, this happens when there is at least one term in the Hamiltonian (or Lagrangian) that explicitly breaks the given symmetry.

In the Hamiltonian setting, this is often studied when the Hamiltonian can be written $$H = H_0 + H_{\text{int}}$$.

Here $$H_0$$ is a 'base Hamiltonian', which has some manifest symmetry. More explicitly, it is symmetric under the action of a (Lie) group $$G$$. Often this is an integrable Hamiltonian.

The $$H_{\text{int}}$$ is a perturbation or interaction Hamiltonian. This is not invariant under the action of $$G$$. It is often proportional to a small, perturbative parameter.

This is essentially the paradigm for perturbation theory in quantum mechanics. An example of its use is in finding the fine structure of atomic spectra.

Examples
Symmetry breaking can cover any of the following scenarios:
 * The breaking of an exact symmetry of the underlying laws of physics by the apparently random formation of some structure;
 * A situation in physics in which a minimal energy state has less symmetry than the system itself;
 * Situations where the actual state of the system does not reflect the underlying symmetries of the dynamics because the manifestly symmetric state is unstable (stability is gained at the cost of local asymmetry);
 * Situations where the equations of a theory may have certain symmetries, though their solutions may not (the symmetries are "hidden").

One of the first cases of broken symmetry discussed in the physics literature is related to the form taken by a uniformly rotating body of incompressible fluid in gravitational and hydrostatic equilibrium. Jacobi and soon later Liouville, in 1834, discussed the fact that a tri-axial ellipsoid was an equilibrium solution for this problem when the kinetic energy compared to the gravitational energy of the rotating body exceeded a certain critical value. The axial symmetry presented by the McLaurin spheroids is broken at this bifurcation point. Furthermore, above this bifurcation point, and for constant angular momentum, the solutions that minimize the kinetic energy are the non-axially symmetric Jacobi ellipsoids instead of the Maclaurin spheroids.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Symmetry breaking


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File:Kansas - Power.jpg

Cover for album Power by Kansas.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Kansas - Power.jpg


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Chingachgook

Chingachgook is a fictional character in four of James Fenimore Cooper's five Leatherstocking Tales, including his 1826 novel The Last of the Mohicans. Chingachgook was a lone Mohican chief and companion of the series' hero, Natty Bumppo. In The Deerslayer, Chingachgook married Wah-ta-Wah, who had a son with him named Uncas, but died while she was still young. Uncas, who was at his birth "last of the Mohicans", grew to manhood but was killed in a battle with the Huron warrior Magua. Chingachgook died as an old man in the novel The Pioneers, which makes him the actual "last of the Mohicans," having outlived his son.

The Leatherstocking Tales
In the series The Leatherstocking Tales by James Fenimore Cooper, Chingachgook is the best friend and companion of the main character Natty Bumppo, aka Hawkeye. He appears in The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, and The Pioneers. He is characterized by his skills as a warrior and forester, his bravery, his wisdom, and his pride for his tribe.

Other literature
Chingachgook is a major character in Song of the Mohicans by Paul Block (Bantam Books, 1985, ISBN 978-0553565584), a sequel to The Last of the Mohicans. Taking up the story a few days after Uncas' death and burial, it recounts the adventures of Hawkeye and Chingachgook as they travel north to discover the connection between an Oneida brave and the Mohican tribe, and whether a sachem truly holds the key to the ultimate fate of the Mohicans.

Etymology and pronunciation
Chingachgook is said to have been modeled after a real-life wandering Mohican basket maker and hunter named Captain John. The fictional character, occasionally called John Mohegan in the series, was an idealized embodiment of the traditional noble savage. The French often refer to Chingachgook as "Le Gros Serpent", the Great Snake, because he understands the winding ways of men's nature and he can strike a sudden, deadly blow.

The name is derived from the Lenape language, which is closely related to the Mohican language. In Lenape, xinkw- means 'big' and xkuk means 'snake'. Chingachgook is derived from Lenape xinkwi xkuk, 'big snake', pronounced. Professor William A. Starna, of SUNY Oneonta, says the initial "ch" sound would be pronounced more like the German guttural "h" than an English "ch". The digraph $\langlech\rangle$ in the spelling used by John Heckewelder, the source for the name, and the letter $\langlex\rangle$ in modern Lenape spelling both represent the voiceless velar fricative sound (as in "Bach"), not the voiceless palato-alveolar affricate  (as in "church").

Cooper got the name from Heckewelder's book History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania and the Neighboring States (1818), which cited a Lenape word as "chingachgook" (in Heckewelder's spelling which was influenced by German), meaning "a large snake". He gave this word as such in the context of how to use the adjective xinkwi (pronounced ) 'large', which Heckewelder spelled chingue.

Portrayals in film and television
The first film portrayal of Chingachgook was by Wallace Reid in a 1913 film version of The Deerslayer.

Bela Lugosi played Chingachgook in two German silent films, ''Lederstrumpf, 1. Teil: Der Wildtöter und Chingachgook (Leatherstocking 1: The Deerslayer and Chingachgook) and Lederstrumpf, 2. Teil: Der Letzte der Mohikaner (Leatherstocking 2: The Last of the Mohicans''), both filmed in 1920.

Jay Silverheels, best known for his role as Tonto on The Lone Ranger, played Chingachgook in the 1953 film version of The Pathfinder.

Lon Chaney Jr. played Chingachgook in the 1957 TV series Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans.

Chingachgook, played by Gojko Mitić, was the main character of an East German western, Chingachgook the Great Serpent (1967), based on Cooper's novels.

In the BBC miniseries The Last of the Mohicans and The Pathfinder, Chingachgook was played by John Abineri.

Chingachgook was played by Ned Romero in the TV versions of The Last of the Mohicans (1977) and The Deerslayer (1978), by Russell Means in the 1992 film adaptation of The Last of the Mohicans, by Rodney A. Grant in the 1994 TV series Hawkeye and by Graham Greene in the 1996 TV version of The Pathfinder.

Many films portray Chingachgook with long hair, braided or flowing. A notable exception is the 1920 adaptation which faithfully represents him with a tuft on his shaved head, according to the novel.

In Boy Scout legend
In the Ordeal Ceremony of the Order of the Arrow, the National Honor Society of the Boy Scouts of America, the Legend of the Order refers to an imaginary Lenni Lenape chief named Chingachgook. In the legend, Chingachgook's son, Uncas, is the original propagator of the Order. Chingachgook wanted to create a band of volunteers from all the nations of the Delaware River valley to support and protect their collective interests. Uncas volunteered to be the first member of such a group, and thus the Order of the Arrow was founded.

According to the Boy Scouts of America's Ordeal Ceremony, the preferred pronunciation of the name is "ching-gatch-gook".

title: Chingachgook


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Power (Kansas album)

Power is the tenth studio album by American rock band Kansas, released in 1986. It was the band's first studio album for MCA Records. The album featured a new lineup, as the band reformed after a period of hiatus.

Reception
In a contemporary review, Xavier Russel of the British magazine Kerrang! called the pompous sound of Kansas "very dated" and, despite a few pleasant rockers like "Musicatto", found other songs "embarrassing beyond belief". In his retrospective review, AllMusic reviewer Bret Adams remarked that Kansas took a dramatic change in musical viewpoints, becoming "more hard rock and pop than prog rock", which "probably surprised longtime Kansas fans" but gave the band "an interesting, if ultimately short-lived, new direction."

Personnel

 * Phil Ehart - drums, percussion
 * Rich Williams – guitar, backing vocals
 * Steve Walsh - lead vocals, keyboards
 * Steve Morse – guitar, backing vocals
 * Billy Greer - bass, guitar, backing vocals

title: Power (Kansas album)


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Talk:Power (Kansas album)

Dodge City
I remember reading a newspaper blurb (L.A. Times Calender section in fact) from when this album came out that said the promo copies sent to critics credited the band as "Dodge City" so as not to bias the reviews against some old dinosaur band. I'm sure I have the yellowing clip somewhere in my storage box of old newspaper articles but if someone has better reference, it seems like an interesting tidbit to include.DragonsDream (talk) 20:56, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Power (Kansas album)


text:
User talk:Wrenhunt

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! — Matt 03:18, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Toucan
Thanks for letting me know about the vandalism to Toucan, I have fixed it. It was hard to spot, since usually vandalism isn't written in paragraphs. You can revert (this is the word to describe getting rid of vandalism by changing back to an earlier version) by reading and following the instructions at Revert. The procedure is a little bit tricky - so ask me questions, I'd like to help. By the way, you can sign your name on talk pages by typing, that will place your username and the time, so other users can easily find out who left the message and reply. If you have any questions feel free to ask me. Have a nice day! --Commander Keane 04:36, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wrenhunt


text:
User talk:Kusma

'Please click here to leave me a message. I usually reply here.'''

Anna Blackburne scheduled for TFA
This is to let you know that the above article has been scheduled as today's featured article for 8 May 2024. Please check that the article needs no amendments. Feel free to amend the draft blurb, which can be found at Today's featured article/May 2024, or to make comments on other matters concerning the scheduling of this article at Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/May 2024. Please keep an eye on that page, as comments regarding the draft blurb may be left there by user:dying, who assists the coordinators by making suggestions on the blurbs, or by others. I also suggest that you watchlist Main Page/Errors from two days before it appears on the Main Page. Thanks and congratulations on your work! Gog the Mild (talk) 22:17, 30 March 2024 (UTC)

Always precious
Ten years ago, you were found precious. That's what you are, always. - Congratulations to the latest FA, a woman's biography! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 06:52, 3 April 2024 (UTC)

Thank you today for Anna Blackburne, "about one of the earliest woman naturalists in England, a notable collector of specimens who corresponded with Linnaeus and Pennant, among others."! --Gerda Arendt (talk) 05:35, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Remsense 诉  05:42, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Today's TFA, Felix M. Warburg House, was written by Vami_IV and Epicgenius, introduced: "This article is about another of the great houses that once lined Fifth Avenue in New York. Specifically, this is the mansion of Felix M. Warburg, a Jewish financier who ignored fears of anti-Semitic reprisal to his decided to build himself a big Gothic manor in the middle of New York City. Although the Warburgs no longer remain, their legacy does: the museum is now the home of the Jewish Museum (Manhattan) and the building largely survives as they left it. It's a beautiful building and I hope you will all enjoy it."! - in memory --Gerda Arendt (talk) 14:16, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

Today's story mentions a concert I loved to hear and a piece I loved to sing in choir, 150 years old OTD. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 14:56, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter – April 2024
News and updates for administrators from the past month (March 2024).

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Kbdank71 · Kosack · NrDg · TLSuda

Guideline and policy news Technical news Arbitration Miscellaneous
 * An RfC is open to convert all current and future community discretionary sanctions to (community designated) contentious topics procedure.
 * The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes.
 * An arbitration case has been opened to look into "the intersection of managing conflict of interest editing with the harassment (outing) policy".
 * Editors are invited to sign up for The Core Contest, an initiative running from April 15 to May 31, which aims to improve vital and other core articles on Wikipedia.

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Archive Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:48, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

WikiCup 2024 April newsletter
We are approaching the end of the 2024 WikiCup's second round, with a little over two weeks remaining. Currently, contestants must score at least 105 points to progress to the third round.

Our current top scorers are as follows:

 * with 642 points, mostly from 11 GAs about radio and television;
 * with 530 points, mostly from two FAs (Well he would, wouldn't he? and Cora Agnes Benneson) and three GAs;
 * with 523 points, mostly from 11 GAs about coinage and history;
 * with 497 points, mostly from a FA about the 2020 season of the soccer club Seattle Sounders FC and two GAs;
 * with 410 points, mostly from a FA about the drink Capri-Sun and three GAs;
 * with 330 points, mostly from a FA about the English botanist Anna Blackburne and a GA.

Competitors may submit work for the second round until the end of 28 April, and the third round starts 1 May. Remember that only competitors with the top 32 scores will make it through to the third round. If you are concerned that your nomination will not receive the necessary reviews, and you hope to get it promoted before the end of the round, please list it on WikiCup/Reviews. Please remember to continue to offer reviews at GAN, FAC and all the other pages that require them to prevent any backlogs. As a reminder, competitors are strictly prohibited from gaming Wikipedia policies or processes to receive more points.

If you would like to learn more about rules and scoring for the 2024 WikiCup, please read WikiCup/Scoring. Further questions are welcome on Wikipedia talk:WikiCup and the judges (,, and ) are reachable on their talk pages. Good luck! If you wish to start or stop receiving this newsletter, please feel free to add or remove your name from WikiCup/Newsletter/Send. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 15:05, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

Intervention request by an Administrator, please
Hi, @Kusma. I'm contacting you after visiting and. I'm having a problem with users @TylerBurden (abusing his Wikipedia rights) and @Borgenland, who are deleting my editions in the conflictive page Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 December 2023 – present). Specifically, they're deleting a properly sourced edition by me, with a highly relevant deposition by NATO's supreme commander on April 10, here and here. Then, @Tylerburden also came to my talk page to try and intimidate me, and has also erased the content in the main page about the war Russian invasion of Ukraine, here. Sorry for bothering you, but I'd need help to learn how to proceed. Best regards, MaeseLeon (talk) 18:37, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

 * I had explained to them in my edit summary as to why and have made a more detailed explanation in their talk page, but instead complainant above has made wild accusations and bad faith assumptions. Borgenland (talk) 18:57, 13 April 2024 (UTC)
 * This does not appear to be an admin matter at this point. Not everything that is sourced must be included. If you wish to explain why you think the content should be included, the best place is on the relevant talk page. —Kusma (talk) 19:25, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 62
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 62, March – April 2024
 * IEEE and Haaretz now available
 * Let's Connect Clinics about The Wikipedia Library
 * Spotlight and Wikipedia Library tips

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --11:02, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Arnold II of Isenburg
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Arnold II of Isenburg you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Yakikaki -- Yakikaki (talk) 21:42, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

The Signpost: 25 April 2024
 * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:48, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

WikiCup 2024 May newsletter
The second round of the 2024 WikiCup ended on 28 April. This round was particularly competitive: each of the 32 contestants who advanced to Round 3 scored at least 141 points. This is the highest number of points required to advance to Round 3 since 2014.

The following scorers in Round 2 all scored more than 500 points:
 * with 707 points, mostly from 45 good article nomination reviews and 12 good articless about radio and television;
 * with 600 points, mostly from 12 good articles and 12 did you know nominations about coinage and history;
 * with 552 points, mostly from a featured article about the 2020 Seattle Sounders FC season, three featured lists, and two good articles;
 * with 548 points, mostly from a featured article about the snooker player John Pulman, two featured lists, and one good article;
 * with 530 points, mostly from two featured articles (Well he would, wouldn't he? and Cora Agnes Benneson) and three good articles.

The full scores for Round 2 can be seen here. So far this year, competitors have gotten 18 featured articles, 22 featured lists, and 186 good articles, 76 in the news credits and at least 200 did you know credits. They have conducted 165 featured article reviews, as well as 399 good article reviews and peer reviews, and have added 21 articles to featured topics and good topics.

Remember that any content promoted after 28 April but before the start of Round 3 can be claimed during Round 3, which starts on 1 May at 00:00 (UTC). Invitations for collaborative writing efforts or any other discussion of potentially interesting work is always welcome on the WikiCup talk page. Remember, if two or more WikiCup competitors have done significant work on an article, all can claim points. If you are concerned that your nomination—whether it is at good article candidates, a featured process, or anywhere else—will not receive the necessary reviews, please list it on WikiCup/Reviews Needed.

If you would like to learn more about rules and scoring for the 2024 WikiCup, please see this page. Further questions are welcome on Wikipedia talk:WikiCup and the judges (,, and ) are reachable on their talk pages. Good luck! If you wish to start or stop receiving this newsletter, please feel free to add or remove your name from WikiCup/Newsletter/Send. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:37, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter – May 2024
News and updates for administrators from the past month (April 2024).

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg Nyttend
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg JohnOwens · Killiondude · MelanieN · Nihonjoe

Bureaucrat changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Nihonjoe

CheckUser changes
 * Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg Joe Roe

Oversight changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg GeneralNotability

Guideline and policy news
 * Phase I of the 2024 requests for adminship review has concluded. Several proposals have passed outright and will proceed to implementation, including creating a discussion-only period (3b) and administrator elections (13) on a trial basis. Other successful proposals, such as creating a reminder of civility norms (2), will undergo further refinement in Phase II. Proposals passed on a trial basis will be discussed in Phase II, after their trials conclude. Further details on specific proposals can be found in the full report.

Technical news
 * Partial action blocks are now in effect on the English Wikipedia. This means that administrators have the ability to restrict users from certain actions, including uploading files, moving pages and files, creating new pages, and sending thanks. T280531

Arbitration
 * The arbitration case Conflict of interest management has been closed.

Miscellaneous
 * This may be a good time to reach out to potential nominees to ask if they would consider an RfA.
 * A New Pages Patrol backlog drive is happening in May 2024 to reduce the number of unreviewed articles in the new pages feed. Currently, there is a backlog of over 15,000 articles awaiting review. Sign up here to participate!
 * Voting for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election is open until 9 May 2024. Read the voting page on Meta-Wiki and cast your vote here!

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Archive Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 17:26, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C

 * You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.

Dear Wikimedian,

You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process.

This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the U4C Charter.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,

RamzyM (WMF) 23:09, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

RFA2024 update: phase I concluded, phase II begins
Hi there! Phase I of the Requests for adminship/2024 review has concluded, with several impactful changes gaining community consensus and proceeding to various stages of implementation. Some proposals will be implemented in full outright; others will be discussed at phase II before being implemented; and still others will proceed on a trial basis before being brought to phase II. The following proposals have gained consensus:

See the project page for a full list of proposals and their outcomes. A huge thank-you to everyone who has participated so far :) looking forward to seeing lots of hard work become a reality in phase II. theleekycauldron (talk), via MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:09, 5 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Proposals 2 and 9b (phase II discussion): Add a reminder of civility norms at RfA and Require links for claims of specific policy violations
 * Proposal 3b (in trial): Make the first two days discussion-only
 * Proposal 13 (in trial): Admin elections
 * Proposal 14 (implemented): Suffrage requirements
 * Proposals 16 and 16c (phase II discussion): Allow the community to initiate recall RfAs and Community recall process based on dewiki
 * Proposal 17 (phase II discussion): Have named Admins/crats to monitor infractions
 * Proposal 24 (phase II discussion): Provide better mentoring for becoming an admin and the RfA process
 * Proposal 25 (implemented): Require nominees to be extended confirmed

Your GA nomination of Arnold II of Isenburg
The article Arnold II of Isenburg you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Arnold II of Isenburg for comments about the article, and Talk:Arnold II of Isenburg/GA1 for the nomination. Well done! If the article is eligible to appear in the "Did you know" section of the Main Page, you can nominate it within the next seven days. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Yakikaki -- Yakikaki (talk) 16:23, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

傳維基璽！

 * 非常感謝！ Currently it is a bit more like a really thorough peer review than like a usual GA review, but whatever it is, I think it seems to be improving the article. I hope to get through this bit of the source review over the weekend so I can look at your overall changes (and then take stock how much still needs to be done). —Kusma (talk) 21:14, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Hello @Kusma, thank you for leaving a comment on the FA review for Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. I was wondering if you would be interested in supporting the nomination? Llewee (talk) 13:21, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

Test pages
Thank you for removing the speedy on Move test page 1; would it be possible for you to also restore Move test page 2? I need multiple pages to fully test functionality. BilledMammal (talk) 13:26, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

 * @BilledMammal: sure, I only deleted that one because you had re-added the db-g2 tag. —Kusma (talk) 13:27, 15 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you - I re-added it after remembering that the creator of a page wasn't supposed to remove the tag. BilledMammal (talk) 15:03, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

The Signpost: 16 May 2024
 * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 10:58, 16 May 2024 (UTC)

Alt text
I use this as a guide. You are correct that our instructions are contradictory and unclear. Nikki said to discuss it on the page but my experience is policy discussions rarely go anywhere on WP. Hope all is well with you and that this helps. SusunW (talk) 17:48, 21 May 2024 (UTC)

 * Thank you, this looks much better than our guide. I guess what we need is someone who rewrites our guide, not a long discussion on what colour the bikeshed should be. —Kusma (talk) 18:57, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * My thoughts exactly. If someone starts a discussion over there, I'll put in an appearance, but not likely to stick around if it is beating a dead horse. We really should fix the guide, but my experiences tell me it isn't likely. SusunW (talk) 22:44, 21 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I have added a link to your guide and started a discussion section at that page, but as I am not volunteering to do the rewrite (having no real clue about accessibility, I can offer only goodwill, not expertise) this may lead to nothing. —Kusma (talk) 09:07, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Alice Ilgenfritz Jones
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Alice Ilgenfritz Jones you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Averageuntitleduser -- Averageuntitleduser (talk) 21:52, 26 May 2024 (UTC)

Greeting from Gother.com
Hi Kusma,

I'm Sun from Gother.com, we are the online travel agency platform which operates in Thailand for a few years, and also we are partner with the large financial institutions in Thailand, you can get more detail about me from these news https://www.phocuswire.com/thailand-ota-traveligo-gets-25m-rebrands-to-gother and https://skift.com/2023/11/03/gother-raises-25-million-for-asian-online-travel-agency-startup-funding-roundup/. By the way, could you please let me know how can I revise the page to be passed the review before I submitted again. Saranonk (talk) 10:08, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

 * @Saranonk, please do not write about your own company. If you do, you need to follow everything said at Conflict of interest; Wikipedia is not a platform for advertising or promotion. —Kusma (talk) 10:51, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
 * @Kusma I understand your point, however let me clarify my intention a bit. My intention is not to advertise the company(I already advertise it in other platforms) but to give the information like who are we and what do we do, to people who is interested in the company, it's the same case as Traveloka or Agoda do. I'm very new for the Wikipedia so I would very appreciate if you suggest me how to revise content to be acceptable as the policy. Saranonk (talk) 04:47, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Statements like "The heart of Gother's branding is encapsulated in the concept Open-Ended Destination with Gother, the platform where travel means more than just destinations" are clearly advertising (and empty phrases). As at Agoda, a Wikipedia article is written using reliable, independent secondary sources (which must include any important negative content as per WP:NPOV). To qualify for an article, the sourcing must be good enough to pass the notability guidelines. —Kusma (talk) 10:37, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Alice Ilgenfritz Jones
The article Alice Ilgenfritz Jones you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Alice Ilgenfritz Jones for comments about the article, and Talk:Alice Ilgenfritz Jones/GA1 for the nomination. Well done! If the article is eligible to appear in the "Did you know" section of the Main Page, you can nominate it within the next seven days. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Averageuntitleduser -- Averageuntitleduser (talk) 18:26, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter – June 2024
News and updates for administrators from the past month (May 2024).

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-view-refresh.svg Graham Beards
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Deskana · Mets501 · Staxringold

Bureaucrat changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Deskana · Warofdreams

Oversight changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Dreamy Jazz

Guideline and policy news
 * Phase II of the 2024 RfA review has commenced to improve and refine the proposals passed in Phase I.

Technical news
 * The Nuke feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. T43351

Arbitration
 * The arbitration case Venezuelan politics has been closed.
 * The Committee is seeking volunteers for various roles, including access to the conflict of interest VRT queue.

Miscellaneous
 * WikiProject Reliability's unsourced statements drive is happening in June 2024 to replace citation needed tags with references! Sign up here to participate!

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Archive Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:44, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

The Signpost: 8 June 2024
 * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:26, 8 June 2024 (UTC)

WP:GARC: Invitation to review Michael Dillon
Hello Kusma, You have been paired at good article review circles to review Michael Dillon. At the same time, another user will be reviewing the article you nominated. Please wait 24 hours or until all users have accepted their nomination before starting your review in case a user in your circle decides to decline their invite.

To accept or decline this invitation to review the article, visit WT:GARC/Circles.

GMH Melbourne (talk) 15:33, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Margaret Carroux
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Margaret Carroux you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Chiswick Chap -- Chiswick Chap (talk) 15:45, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

File:Oil portrait of Alexander Buchan, before 1769.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Oil portrait of Alexander Buchan, before 1769.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Wikiacc (¶) 03:05, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Margaret Carroux
The article Margaret Carroux you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Margaret Carroux for comments about the article, and Talk:Margaret Carroux/GA1 for the nomination. Well done! If the article is eligible to appear in the "Did you know" section of the Main Page, you can nominate it within the next seven days. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Chiswick Chap -- Chiswick Chap (talk) 09:44, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

Congratulations! - Nice to see Ulf Merbold on the Main page, next to a centenarian (documentation about it by Percy Adlon); Gerhard Klingenberg had two sentences yesterday and was up for deletion, and needs a few more citations. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:38, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Thanks for letting me know, I had not noticed that Merbold was on OTD. Good to see the Klingenberg AFD was closed quickly. —Kusma (talk) 22:21, 20 June 2024 (UTC)
 * What do you think about Klingenberg's DYK nom? --Gerda Arendt (talk) 21:10, 30 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Not sure what is best to do. I don't think the story about his stage name is too bad. Another angle to use is perhaps leaving the Berliner Ensemble after the wall was built? —Kusma (talk) 16:14, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Luise Duttenhofer
The article Luise Duttenhofer you nominated as a good article has been placed on hold. The article is close to meeting the good article criteria, but there are some minor changes or clarifications needing to be addressed. If these are fixed within 7 days, the article will pass; otherwise it may fail. See Talk:Luise Duttenhofer and Talk:Luise Duttenhofer/GA1 for issues which need to be addressed. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Simongraham -- Simongraham (talk) 05:04, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Luise Duttenhofer
The article Luise Duttenhofer you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Luise Duttenhofer for comments about the article, and Talk:Luise Duttenhofer/GA1 for the nomination. Well done! If the article is eligible to appear in the "Did you know" section of the Main Page, you can nominate it within the next seven days. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Simongraham -- Simongraham (talk) 00:46, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

Danke Kusma
Danke vielmals, dass du dich für den Artikel Benjamin Schlein eingesetzt hast. Für mich war von Anfang an klar, dass Schlein relevant ist. Ich schreibe hauptsächlich auf der deutschen Wikipedia über Mathematik de:Benutzer:Tensorproduct (170 Artikel über Mathematik). Ich hatte am Ende einfach keine Lust mehr, mit Leuten zu schreiben, bei denen ich den Eindruck hatte, sie wollten gar nicht, dass der Artikel veröffentlicht wird. Vor allem habe ich fast 40 Mathematik-Artikel in der englischen Wikipedia geschrieben, der User:Ldm1954 hat nicht 1en mathematischen Artikel geschrieben. Er beschäftigt sich ja auch mit Chemie, warum soll er wissen, wer relevant in der Mathematik ist und wer nicht. Danke vielmals für die Hilfe.--Tensorproduct (talk) 21:05, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Ich verstehe deine Frustration. Leider funktionieren viele Dinge (insbesondere Neuanlage von Artikeln) hier nicht mehr so einfach wie vor 10-15 Jahren, da allgemein sowohl die Qualitätsansprüche als auch das Mißtrauen stark gestiegen sind. Viele Prozesse (gerade der Umgang mit "Draft space" ist da ein Beispiel) sind eher adversarial als kollaborativ. Es gibt natürlich gute Gründe für diese Entwicklung, insbesondere das enorme Vertrauen in die Wikipedia, das Außenstehende haben, und die daraus resultierende Macht. —Kusma (talk) 21:24, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

WikiCup 2024 July newsletter
The third round of the 2024 WikiCup ended on 28 June. As with Round 2, this round was competitive: each of the 16 contestants who advanced to Round 4 scored at least 256 points.

The following editors all scored more than 400 points in Round 3:

 * with 1,059 points, mostly from 1 featured article on DeLancey W. Gill, 11 good articles, 18 did you know nominations, and dozens of reviews;
 * with 673 points, mostly from 2 featured articles on Worlds (Porter Robinson album) and I'm God, 5 good articles, and 2 did you know nominations;
 * with 557 points, mostly from 1 featured article on KNXV-TV, 5 good articles, and 8 did you know nominations; and
 * with 415 points, mostly from 1 featured article on Great cuckoo-dove, with a high number of bonus points from that article.

The full scores for round 3 can be seen here. So far this year, competitors have gotten 28 featured articles, 38 featured lists, 240 good articles, 92 in the news credits, and at least 285 did you know credits. They have conducted 279 featured article reviews, as well as 492 good article reviews and peer reviews, and have added 22 articles to featured topics and good topics.

Remember that any content promoted after 28 June but before the start of Round 4 can be claimed during Round 4, which starts on 1 July at 00:00 (UTC). Invitations for collaborative writing efforts or any other discussion of potentially interesting work is always welcome on the WikiCup talk page. Remember, if two or more WikiCup competitors have done significant work on an article, all can claim points. If you are concerned that your nomination—whether for a good article, featured content, or anything else—will not receive the necessary reviews, please list it on WikiCup/Reviews Needed.

If you would like to learn more about rules and scoring for the 2024 WikiCup, please see this page. Further questions are welcome on Wikipedia talk:WikiCup and the judges (,, and ) are reachable on their talk pages. Good luck! If you wish to start or stop receiving this newsletter, please feel free to add or remove your name from WikiCup/Newsletter/Send. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 21:30, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

DYK for Margaret Carroux
— Amakuru (talk) 00:03, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

Thank you for another good one! - Libuše Domanínská would have turned 100 today, but I missed that ;) - Overnight, Tamara Milashkina became GA. --
 * Congrats! Carroux was actually my first new article this year, but I have a few fun projects coming up, so I hope there will be two or three more this month. —Kusma (talk) 13:08, 5 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you! - Pictured on the Main page: Brian's Mozart family grand tour, my story today, and Mozart related to all three items of music on my talk: our 2023 concert, an opera in a theatre where a Mozart premiere took place, and those remembered, Martti Wallén, a bass, and Liana Isakadze, a violinist from Georgia, (whose article would be better with more details about her music-making). --Gerda Arendt (talk) 10:27, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I didn't know we had an article on the Grand Tour! I wrote about the Mozarts' visit to the British Museum at Andrew Planta a while ago. —Kusma (talk) 11:22, 9 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Interesting! - My story today is - because of the anniversary of the premiere OTD in 1782 - about Die Entführung aus dem Serail, opera by Mozart, while yesterday's was - because of the TFA - about Les contes d'Hoffmann, opera by Offenbach, - so 3 times Mozart again if you click on "music" ;) --Gerda Arendt (talk) 12:04, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Today's story is about a photographer who took iconic pictures, especially View from Williamsburg, Brooklyn, on Manhattan, 9/11, yesterday's was a great mezzo, and on Thursday we watched a sublime ballerina. (DYK nom open for hook suggestion or review.) If that's not enough my talk offers chamber music from two amazing concerts. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 11:38, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

The Signpost: 4 July 2024
 * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:39, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

Sorry to say this so suddenly
Sorry to say this so suddenly, but I am going to have to cancel this GA nomination; I am having a busy week and would like to cancel this to relieve stress. Thanks. Bennett1203 (talk) 02:46, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

 * @Bennett1203, no problem. I have deleted the review page. If you want to cancel the nomination, just remove the from the talk page. —Kusma (talk) 05:05, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter – July 2024
News and updates for administrators from the past month (June 2024).

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-add.svg Elli · HouseBlaster · Pickersgill-Cunliffe
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Brianga · De728631 · Georgewilliamherbert · Hyacinth (deceased) · ProveIt · The Night Watch

Technical news
 * Local administrators can now add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without using JavaScript. Documentation is available on MediaWiki.

Miscellaneous
 * The Community Wishlist is re-opening on 15 July 2024. Read more

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Archive Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 07:58, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

Not everyone
For User:Kusma/Beware of the Leopard, I thought you might be interested in knowing that 83% of extended-confirmed editors have never posted anything at any Village pump. WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:29, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much, added. I've been wondering whether to add examples where people violated WP:LEOPARD and it all became a big mess, but I am afraid Vogon-shaming could detract from the message. —Kusma (talk) 06:22, 7 July 2024 (UTC)
 * If you are asking my advice, then I advise against it. There's the risk that someone might decide that this one example wasn't that big of a mess, so they can probably get away with not notifying people/groups expected to object (this is exactly when it will blow up in their faces), or that they'll find counterexamples, in which things were done poorly and didn't become a big mess after all (probably because the proposal was so sensible or so unimportant that nobody would have objected even if they had been notified.  What ultimately matters is that the proposal works for people, not that you squeaked it through an official process), and so talk themselves into making the wrong choice for a less obviously acceptable proposal.  I think it is better to let them see the principle.
 * Also, shorter messages are more likely to get read, which is another reason not to add a list of examples. WhatamIdoing (talk) 07:34, 7 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the advice. My original reason for not making a list was laziness. Now I am going to pretend it was wisdom :) —Kusma (talk) 08:16, 7 July 2024 (UTC)
 * A win–win! WhatamIdoing (talk) 23:25, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

AfD CSD G
Hi. Why you removed speedy deletion tag? I was wrong probably and violated AfD policy sorry Indiana's Football (talk) 09:10, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

 * I removed the speedy tag because it was visible on the main AfD log for the day, making it look as if it was up for speedy deletion. Other people edited the page, so I decided to close the AFD as withdrawn instead of deleting the AFD page. —Kusma (talk) 09:11, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
 * OK, understood Indiana's Football (talk) 09:13, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Johann Joseph Dömling
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Johann Joseph Dömling you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Esculenta -- Esculenta (talk) 21:03, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 63
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 63, May – June 2024  Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --12:15, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * One new partner
 * 1Lib1Ref
 * Spotlight: References check

title: User talk:Kusma


text:
The Herald-Dispatch

The Herald-Dispatch is a non-daily newspaper that serves Huntington, West Virginia, and neighboring communities in southern Ohio and eastern Kentucky. It is currently owned by HD Media Co. LLC. It currently publishes Tuesdays-Saturdays, with the Saturday edition dated "Weekend", with updates on its website on Sundays and Mondays.

History
The Herald-Dispatch was founded in 1909 when two Huntington newspapers, the Herald and the Dispatch, merged. In 1927, the newspaper became a part of the Huntington Publishing Company, operated by Joseph Harvey Long, the owner of the Huntington Advertiser. The company was operated by the Long family until 1971, when it was sold to the Honolulu Star Bulletin and then to Gannett ten months later. Its companion afternoon paper, the Huntington Advertiser, ceased as a separate publication in 1979. Prior to the Huntington Advertiser's demise, the combined Sunday newspaper was referred to as the Herald-Advertiser, correctly depicted in the movie We Are Marshall. Today, it also publishes the Putnam Herald and the Lawrence Herald, more localized editions of The Herald-Dispatch serving Putnam County, West Virginia and Lawrence County, Ohio, respectively.

For the six-month period ending March 31, 2005, the total average paid circulation was 29,098 for the daily edition and 35,552 for the Sunday edition. On May 8, 2007, the newspaper was sold to Gatehouse Media, then to Champion Industries on June 29. Then on May 23, 2009, Champion Industries, which owned the paper at that time, revealed that it was in default of a $70 million loan from Fifth Third Bank and the previous owners, and eliminated 24 positions, representing about 15% of its workforce. In October 2011, they laid off additional employees. In 2013, Champion Industries sold The Herald-Dispatch to local politician, Douglas Reynolds, the son of Champion's chief executive.

In 2014, The Herald-Dispatch parent company HD Media acquired the Wayne County News in Wayne, West Virginia. In 2015, the newspaper ceased printing itself, contracting the operation to the Charleston Gazette-Mail and laid off its production staff. The newspaper is now printed in Charleston and trucked 50 miles to Huntington for distribution.

In 2017, HD Media acquired the Logan Banner, Williamson Daily News, the Coal Valley News in Madison and The Pineville Independent Herald in Pineville from Civitas Media. On March 8, 2018, HD Media, the Herald-Dispatch's holding company, was declared the successful bid in the auction for the Charleston Gazette-Mail after the paper had declared bankruptcy.

On July 16, 2023, the newspaper announced the elimination of its Sunday print edition. Instead, a combined weekend edition would be sent out on Saturday starting Aug. 5.

Other papers owned by HD Media

 * Charleston Gazette-Mail
 * Logan Banner
 * Williamson Daily News
 * Coal Valley News in Madison
 * The Pineville Independent Herald in Pineville
 * Wayne County News

title: The Herald-Dispatch


text:
Dream (disambiguation)

A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep.

Dream may also refer to:

Paintings

 * Th Dream (Detaille), an 1888 painting by Édouard Detaille
 * Le Rêve (Picasso) (The Dream in French), 1932 oil painting by Pablo Picasso
 * The Dream, a painting by Salvador Dalí
 * The Dream (Rousseau), by Henri Rousseau
 * The Dream (Tamara de Lempicka), a 1927 painting by Tamara de Lempicka

Sculptures

 * The Dream, a 2008 work by Damien Hirst, a simulated unicorn in a tank of formaldehyde solution
 * The Dream (sculpture), a 1998 outdoor bronze of Martin Luther King, Jr. by Michael Florin Dente in Portland, Oregon
 * Dream (sculpture), a 2009 public art work by Jaume Plensa in Sutton, St Helens, Merseyside

Books

 * "A Dream", 1924 short story by W. Somerset Maugham
 * "The Dream", a Hercule Poirot short story by Agatha Christie in the 1960 collection The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding
 * Dream (character), a character in The Sandman
 * "The Dream" (Dafydd ap Gwilym poem), 14th century
 * "The Dream" (John Donne poem), 1635
 * "The Dream" (Lord Byron poem), 1816
 * The Dream (novel), by H. G. Wells
 * "The Dream" (short story), 1832 short story by Mary Shelley
 * The Dreme, 1528 poem by Scottish poet David Lyndsay
 * "Dream" (Taras Shevchenko poem), 1844 poem by Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko

Business and brands

 * Dream (chocolate bar), a candy bar

Films

 * The Dream (1911 film), an American short film
 * The Dream (1931 film), a French film directed by Jacques de Baroncelli
 * The Dream (1964 film), a Soviet Ukrainian film about Taras Shevchenko
 * The Dream (1966 film), a Yugoslavian war film
 * The Dream (1985 film), directed by Pieter Verhoeff
 * The Dream (1987 film), a Syrian documentary
 * The Dream (1989 film), a television film starring Jeremy Irons
 * Dream (2008 film), a South Korean film
 * Dream (2012 film), an Indian Telugu-language thriller
 * Dream (2023 film), a South Korean sports drama film

Series

 * Dream (TV series), a South Korean TV drama
 * The Dream with Roy and HG, an Australian talk show

Episodes

 * "The Dream", an Agatha Christie's Poirot episode
 * "The Dream" (The Amazing World of Gumball), an episode of The Amazing World of Gumball

TV related companies

 * Dream Multimedia, makers of the Dreambox satellite TV receiver
 * Dream Satellite TV, a broadcasting service

Gaming

 * Dream (YouTuber), an American YouTuber and Minecraft player
 * Project Dream, an unreleased video game, redeveloped as Banjo-Kazooie

Music

 * The Dream (ballet), a 1964 one-act ballet, with choreography by Frederick Ashton, based on A Midsummer Night's Dream using Mendelssohn's music
 * Dream (musical), a 1997 stage show
 * Dream pop, a subgenre of alternative rock music
 * Dream trance, a subgenre of trance music

Artists

 * D:Ream, a Northern Irish pop and dance group
 * Dream (American group), a pop girl group
 * Dream (Japanese group), a pop girl group
 * The-Dream (born 1977), American R&B artist
 * NCT Dream, a South Korean-Chinese boy group and subunit of NCT

Albums

 * Dream, by Jaclyn Victor, 2002
 * Dream, by Michelle Tumes, 2001
 * Dream (Ai album), 2022
 * The Dream (alt-J album), 2022
 * Dream (Angie Stone album), 2015
 * Dream (Captain & Tennille album), 1978
 * The Dream (In This Moment album), 2008
 * The Dream (John & Audrey Wiggins album), 1997
 * Dream (Keller Williams album), 2007
 * Dream (Kitarō album), 1992
 * Dream (Lebo Mathosa album), 2000
 * Dream (Michael Bublé album), 2002
 * The Dream (Open Hand album), 2003
 * The Dream (The Orb album), 2007
 * Dream (Roland Hanna album), 2002
 * The Dream (Sanctus Real album), 2014
 * Dream (TrueBliss album), 1999
 * Dream (Yuna Ito album), 2009
 * The Dream 1973-2011, a 2012 compilation album by Michael Franks
 * Dream (Cliff Richard and the Shadows EP), 1961
 * Dream (Jeong Eun-ji EP), 2016
 * Dream (Seventeen EP), 2022

Songs

 * "#9 Dream", 1974 song by John Lennon
 * "D.R.E.A.M.", a 2019 song by Miley Cyrus
 * "D.R.E.A.M.", by JoJo Siwa
 * "Dream" (1944 song), a 1944 jazz and pop standard written by Johnny Mercer
 * "Dream" (Dizzee Rascal song), 2004
 * "Dream" (Taeyeon song), 2023
 * "Dream" (Roko Blažević song), 2019 song that represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
 * "Dream" (Suzy and Baekhyun song), 2016
 * "Dream", by Anza
 * "Dream", by Chris Brown from the album Breezy
 * "Dream", by Golden Earring from the album Winter-Harvest
 * "Dream", by Imagine Dragons from the album Smoke + Mirrors
 * "Dream", by Mami Kawada from the album Savia
 * "Dream", by Tally Hall from the album Marvin's Marvelous Mechanical Museum
 * "Dream", by OneRepublic from the album Oh My My
 * "Dream", by P. Lion
 * "Dream", by Priscilla Ahn from her album A Good Day
 * "Dream", by White Lion from the album Return of the Pride
 * "Dreams" (The Cranberries song), the debut single of the Cranberries
 * "Dreams" (Fleetwood Mac song), by Fleetwood Mac from their album Rumours
 * "Dreams", by Kep1er from their EP Troubleshooter
 * "Dream, Dream", by Kissng the Pink (KTP) from the album Certain Things Are Likely
 * "The Dream", by Broken Spindles from the album Fulfilled/complete
 * "The Dream", by The Moody Blues from the album On the Threshold of a Dream
 * "The Dream (Hold on to Your Dream)", by Irene Cara from the album What a Feelin'
 * "Dream Song", by Joe Satriani from the album Black Swans and Wormhole Wizards
 * "Dream Song", by John Fogerty from the album John Fogerty
 * "Dream Song", by Scott Matthews from the album Passing Stranger

Programs

 * DREAM Act, an American legislative proposal related to immigration
 * DREAM Drug Resource Enhancement against Aids and Malnutrition, an AIDS therapy program

Science and technology

 * DREAM complex, protein in cell-cycle gene regulation
 * DREAM (protocol), a location-based routing protocol
 * DREAM (software), a computer programming tool
 * HTC Dream, a smartphone
 * Project DReaM, a digital rights management implementation
 * Sophomore's dream, a pair of mathematical identities discovered in 1697 by Johann Bernoulli

Sports

 * Hakeem Olajuwon (born 1963), nicknamed "The Dream", a Nigerian-American basketball player
 * Dream (mixed martial arts)
 * Atlanta Dream, an American women's basketball team

Vehicles

 * Airdrome Dream Classic, a model of aircraft
 * Antonov An-225 Mriya, cargo aircraft frequently referred to under its translated name "Dream"
 * Honda Dream (disambiguation), various models of Honda motorcycles

Ships

 * Dream, a cruise ship built in 1970, now sailing as the MS Formosa Queen
 * Disney Dream, a 2010 cruise ship operated by Disney
 * Dream-class cruise ship, a cruise ship class operated by Carnival
 * Carnival Dream, the lead vessel of the class

title: Dream (disambiguation)


text:
Ngarutjaranya

Ngarutjaranya, also known as Mount Woodroffe (officially Ngarutjaranya/Mount Woodroffe), is a mountain in the Australian state of South Australia, located in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands in the state's northwest. It is South Australia's highest peak, at 1,435 metre.

Cultural significance
The name of the mountain comes from the Pitjantjatjara language. In Pitjantjatjara mythology, the mountain embodies the mythological creature Ngintaka.

Geography
Ngarutjaranya is located in the far northwest of South Australia, in the Musgrave Ranges. The mountain range rises some 700–800 metres from the surrounding plains and comprises massifs of granite and gneiss.

History
William Ernest Giles was the first European man to pass through the area and camped to the south of Woodroffe on September 7, 1873. William Christie Gosse had previously named it Mt Woodroffe on July 20 that same year. Woodroffe was named after George Woodroffe Goyder, Surveyor-General of South Australia and an early Australian explorer.

In the 1960s, Ngarutjaranya was considered as a potential site for the proposed Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). It lost out due to its remoteness compared to Siding Spring in New South Wales, where the AAT sits today amongst other astronomical observatories.

Access
Access is limited as a permit is required to enter the Anangu Pitjantjatjara lands.

title: Ngarutjaranya


text:
Talk:Westwood, Los Angeles

Southern Boundary is Olympic (discussion initially raised via mentions of Westside Pavilion)
By the definitions of Westwood given in this article, WSP isn't in Westwood. I don't know if WSP should be in this article. Just my 2 cents. Decafpenguin 00:32, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. Westside Pavilion is in West L.A., not Westwood! The article needs to be fixed.  --Coolcaesar 06:41, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Is this a consensus then? Decafpenguin 09:59, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm gonna go ahead and make the fix... Decafpenguin 01:19, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Westside Pavilion is in "Rancho Park", I believe (not "West LA"), but close enough.

Although Westwood is still busy and vibrant on weekend evenings, the number of empty storefronts and vacant lots has gradually increased since 1990: many nationally successful chains have opened stores in the area, only to close them within two years.

What about BestBuy/Longs/Ralphs complex, Jerry's Deli, all the coffee places. I know, Circuit City/Gap, etc, but I'm not sure this is the best phrasing for the issue. jengod 03:23, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

Isn't Santa Monica considered to be the southeast border of Westwood? Aznfurball 21:48, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

No. See the L.A. Times website project:. Also see the references below to the original Janss subdivision map, to the local school there, the neighborhood association there, etc.

 * That depends. I've seen many sources give Wilshire but I've also seen many others give Santa Monica.  I suppose the best way to resolve this would be to see how the City of Los Angeles actually defines Westwood.  I think I saw an official Neighborhood Map on the city Web site a couple of years ago.  --Coolcaesar 23:28, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah you were right about the city maps. I looked http://www.lacity.org/PLN/complan/westla/pdf/genlumap.wwd.pdf and it definitively shows Santa Monica to be the Border of Westwood.  Aznfurball 02:27, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

The South boundary is probably Olympic, and possibly Pico. S.M. Blvd doesn't really make any sense.

The City maps referenced are merely community planning sectors, not necessarily “official” neighborhoods. Look at the link - – the only “neighborhoods” (if that’s what they are) shown for this section of town are “Westwood” and “West LA” – no mention of Rancho Park or Cheviot, etc. These may just be groupings for ease of planning administration without being anything official or culturally or historically accurate.

The area between Olympic/S.M.Blvd is Westwood, not Rancho Park – look at the Wikipedia entry for Rancho Park – the debate there is whether Rancho Park ends (going north) at Pico, or at Olympic ! (No mention of S.M.) So if both Wikipages are right, then Olymp/SM is no mans land. ..

Westwood (or "Westwood Hills") went all the way to Pico originally (see original Janss map at ) – it was split off at Olympic for Rancho Park only later in the late 30s when Olympic was extended through the area, bisecting it (see 2004 LA Times article ). : “ . . . residents south of the newly extended Olympic Boulevard clamored for their own identity by the late '30s. "We thought it was time to have our own community and separate ourselves from Westwood," said Bob Hindall, longtime area resident. "Many names were suggested, but pioneer real estate broker Bill Heyler is credited with naming the area Rancho Park."

As someone who grew up north of Wilshire and now lives just south of S.M. Blvd (such as it is, darn that construction!), I think this should be fixed once and for all. Samsinister 00:35, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

-- Also see the L.A. Times website project:

 * I'm pretty sure that Santa Monica is the border. The area between Olympic and Santa Monica is considered to be West LA, but not a distinct neighborhood.  I live North of Santa Monica and I know many people who live between Santa Monica and Olympic, and they never refer to their area as Westwood, but simply as West LA.  But until, we get a definitive answer, I'll put it back to Olympic Blvd.  I however, will stick to my belief that Westwood ends at Santa Monica.

If you look at the other maps though, they show the area you're talking about as West LA Aznfurball 05:26, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Yes, I looked at the other maps (which are really just conveniently packaged community planning areas, not necessarily official "neighborhoods"). As I noted above, the maps have only two names: “Westwood” and “West LA” – no mention of Rancho Park or Cheviot, etc. If that means that this southern part of Westwood doesn't exist and is instead just "West LA", then it also means that Rancho Park and Cheviot Hills don't exist for the same reason - right? I don't think that's what the planning commission intends. Samsinister, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is all subjective, of course. I used to live just barely north of Santa Monica, and no one _I_ knew called it Westwood, except for real estate people who wanted the cache of the neighborhood. But since neighborhoods are not official exactly (there are associations). I have no opinion where the south boundary is, but this project helps show how subjective this sort of thing can be. (Unfortunately, they don't have enough L.A. data yet to answer our question.) Still A Student 03:12, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Sure, it's all subjective. . . which is what makes it interesting to try and nail down. For what it's worth (only a little in my book), the neighborhood association for this area is called "Westwood South of Santa Monica" - a name which, according to Aznfurball's definition, would be something of an oxymoron.

I think the case for Olympic as the SE boundary is pretty clear based on: (1) the original Janss plans and maps, (2) the relative boundary of Rancho Park (i.e., Pico, or at the most northern possibility, Olympic), (3) the actual posted City sign for "Rancho Park" being south of Olympic (go south on Overland, you'll see it), (4) the area's own neighborhood association is called "Westwood" [South of S.M.], and (5) the elementary school right smack in the middle of that area is called "Westwood Charter". Honestly, at this point, I can't imagine the counterargument, other than the planning maps (which are a wrong turn for this debate, as noted above), and perhaps some vaguely forgotten north-of-______ exclusivism. (Anyway, thanks for considering and taking part in this discussion, I think it's historically and culturally fun stuff to play with . . . and it's my own neighborhood so I want to get a clear sense of it.) Samsinister, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

This is confirmed some more in the L.A. Times website project:
 * Much of the discussion above relies on WP:Original research, or KNOW. To my belief, there has been exactly ONE systematic investigation on L.A. boundaries by a WP:Reliable source, and that is the Mapping L.A. project. GeorgeLouis (talk) 00:45, 24 June 2013 (UTC)

Business component
It'd be pretty nice if somebody (maybe me, but not right now) could maybe add a section on Westwood's businesses--I think it's the third-biggest commercial district in Los Angeles, behind downtown and Century City.

 * Aren't the single family homes South and Southeast of UCLA rather than North???

 * Right you are--I will fix that. --Slightlyslack 00:16, 21 July 2005 (UTC)

With the buisnesses, someone should mention Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash

École St-Jean de matha
L'école St-Jean De Matha est située à Ville-émard sur la rue dumas. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.56.248.11 (talk) 17:10, 7 July 2009 (UTC)

Zip code?
Came here for the zip code for Westwood. No-go :( —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.18.52.158 (talk) 02:44, 10 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It's there now!--Jkfp2004 (talk) 07:12, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

Districts vs. Neighborhoods
I have noticed that many articles describe neighborhoods in Los Angeles as districts. To my knowledge the City of Los Angeles refers to regions of the city as neighborhoods and does not mention the word "districts" in any description. For now, I'm going to change the intro and infobox to reflect this, based off the info from LAcity.org and the Los Angeles Neighborhood Councils. If any can show me something official that mentions districts (and which neighborhoods are districts, if any), feel free to change it back.--Jkfp2004 (talk) 06:40, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
 * There are historic districts. BeenAroundAWhile (talk) 02:15, 2 January 2016 (UTC)

Incorrect use of navbox; WP:LAYOUTNAV
The nav box has been removed; A discussion on this has been started on the Sylmar, Los Angeles Talk Page. Rather than repeat what is said there, I would ask others to join the conversation here Phatblackmama (talk) 17:52, 8 July 2018 (UTC)
 * The box has been restored, to a place where WP:Consensus has determined (for a while, now) that it should go. BeenAroundAWhile (talk) 05:10, 29 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Westwood, Los Angeles


text:
User:Stevent/standard.css

body { background: #900; }

font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }

title: User:Stevent/standard.css


text:
5M

5M or 5-M may refer to:

 * 5M model, a troubleshooting and risk-management model used for aviation safety
 * Sibaviatrans (IATA code), a former airline
 * 5M, a Toyota M engine
 * 5M, a model of HP LaserJet 5
 * Shada (Doctor Who) (production code: 5M), an unfinished Doctor Who serial

title: 5M


text:
Talk:Formale Organisation

from VfD:

This article isn't even in English. Does anyone know what it's about? --Moochocoogle 03:21, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This is Babelfish's translation of the first paragraph:

''Formal organization: It concerns a fixed regulation of in-plant operational sequence and structures. It is a firmly given order, which is usually also in writing fixed. The formal organization is provided explicitly, in the form of rules and permits mostly only small interpretation clearance.''

Ooooooooooooooooookay. Delete or transfer to German wikipedia. A2Kafir 05:04, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Almost all of it is text from the German Wikipedia . Since the English Wikipedia appears not yet to have a page on this aspect of organizational theory, translate it. Martg76 17:03, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The page has now been translated, wikified and has undergone some cleanup. Keep and move to Formal organization.Martg76 23:26, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I thought non-English pages got tagged instead of VfD-ing them. That way they are available to be translated.    — Asbestos | Talk 09:17, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Translate this and it's corporate babblespeak (sounds almost cool in German though) Wyss 00:54, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Normally the procedure for foreign-language material is:
 * Tag it with
 * List it on Pages needing translation into English.
 * However, if it's just a copy from another language's Wikipedia, it's OK to delete without mercy, even to speedy-delete (because nothing is lost: it's still where it belongs in the other Wikipedia).
 * If you want to request a translation into English of an article in a different language, the right place to do that is Translation into English. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:11, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Now that it's translated: add the usual statement in "references" indicating that it draws on the corresponding article in the German-language Wikipedia, move and redirect to Formal organization, and put on cleanup. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:23, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Formale Organisation


text:
User talk:394052

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 03:23, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:Hkied.gif
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title: User talk:394052


text:
Fort Buckley

Fort Buckley was a defensive fort built in Wellington, New Zealand in 1885, overlooking the port of Wellington and Wellington Harbour. The remains of the fort are listed as a Category 1 Historic Place by Heritage New Zealand.

The fort included two rifled 64 pounder muzzle-loading guns, which had a range of about three kilometres.

The fort was named after Patrick Buckley, an Irish New Zealand soldier, lawyer, and politician.

An original photo of the guns is shown on the Capital Defence site - "Sixty four pound gun at Fort Buckley, Kaiwharawhara, Wellington" 1886. A site map of the original fort is also shown on the Capital Defence website.

During World War 2 an anti-aircraft gun was installed on the former caretaker's cottage area located in the slopes above the gun-pits and midway up the overall site.

Today only the concrete foundations of the two RML gun-pits remain, but the anti-aircraft gun's original location used on the old caretaker's cottage pad during World War 2 is harder to spot, though the concrete pad foundation of the cottage is obvious.

The Fort Buckley site land is now owned by the Wellington City Council and has been set aside as a reserve since 2010. Since becoming a reserve, the Fort Buckley site is now highly accessible, with a well-formed gravel path installed and a prominently sign posted and fenced site entrance from Barnard Street in Wadestown, Wellington.

The path to the fort has been cleared of vegetation and scrub many times over the years (the area has had several scrub fires), and at times the cuttings have been dumped in the gun pits and built up. The Fort Buckley site is now regularly maintained and enhanced by the Highland Park Progressive Association (HPPA) residents' group in partnership with the Wellington City Council.

The HPPA has researched a detailed pamphlet about the history of Fort Buckley and copies are available from a container beside the wooden Fort Buckley sign.

Various community social activities, including family picnics, geocaching, track walking, are regularly taking place onsite. During March 2014 the HPPA installed a large picnic table on the former caretaker's cottage concrete pad and significantly sprayed and cleared further vegetation with assistance of teams from the Wellington City Council.

Heritage New Zealand lists Fort Buckley as being of national historical significance. The long-term goal is to either locate the original 64-pounder guns, which are believed to be buried in Palmerston North, or to have replica iron guns cast to be placed in the two-gun pits.

title: Fort Buckley


text:
User talk:Stevent

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 03:23, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stevent


text:
Debka

Debka may refer to:
 * Dabke, a traditional folk dance of the Middle East
 * Debkafile, an Israeli political and military intelligence website

title: Debka


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Petition for the return of the Old Wikipedia

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Petition for the return of the Old Wikipedia
Self nom (heh). I created this back when the current look was new, and I wanted the old look back. I was kinda bitter, truth be told. But that was six months ago, to the day, I think, and in that time there have been 38 petitions, with 20 wanting to go back to the old look and 18 saying stick with the new. Therefore, this isn't really accomplising anothing, and should be quietly laid to rest. With it should go Template:Goodolddays, the petition's banner. -Litefantastic 03:21, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. You're right that it's not accomplishing anything, but I prefer the old style and think it should be changed. In fact, I've just signed the petition. -- Scott Burley 03:38, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - I wish more people would nominate stuff they wrote that's lying around in the Wikipedia namespace accomplishing nothing. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:26, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If you're the author, and you want it gone, it can be speedied. Geogre 05:20, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Where do you see that in the CSD guidelines? He isn't the only editor of this page, and cannot speak for those, let alone the rest of Wikipedia.  The only pages that can be deleted at the originator's request are newbie tests, redirects that are typos, or their own User space sub-pages. -- Netoholic @ 07:41, 2004 Dec 4 (UTC)
 * Where do you see the namespace mentioned in the CSD guidelines? Geogre 15:28, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --G Rutter 10:00, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. — Monedula 18:13, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. --Idont Havaname 23:23, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm going to say keep but this should be kept as an archive of a discussion that took place starting from June. To carry this on indefinitely is rather academic, seeing as you can set your preferences on wikipedia to whichever style you wish, which I did and have had wikipedia in the "old style" ever since it was changed! -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 23:36, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for historical reasons. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 05:37, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I wish more people would keep stuff lying around in the Wikipedia namespace for historical purposes.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 18:53, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Yath 05:09, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep it, why not. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 23:59, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Move and delete redirect - there exists, in the Wikipedia namespace, a Archive system, by which non-current pages of historical interest can be moved to subpages of Wikipedia:Archive, and be easily identified as not currently valid. I've moved this page there; the redirect should be deleted. If consensus is that it should be kept as a active, current petition, I applogize for moving it. JesseW 21:47, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirects are painless, and helpful. Let's keep it. -- Netoholic @ 22:28, 2004 Dec 8 (UTC)
 * Keep, but only as a subpage of Archive. jni 10:45, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep the archived page. Add a header stating that it is an archived page, and no longer "a going concern". Perhaps a standardized template for all archived pages? --Ben Brockert 05:45, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text: Category:R.E.M.

title: Category:R.E.M.