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OMV

OMV (formerly abbreviation for Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung Aktiengesellschaft (Austrian Mineral Oil Administration Stock Company)) is an Austrian multinational integrated oil, gas and petrochemical company which is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. The company is listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange. In the 2021 Forbes Global 2000, OMV Group was ranked as the 413th -largest public company in the world.

It is active in the oil and gas upstream and downstream businesses as well as in petrochemicals and plastics recycling.

History

The history of OMV began on July 3, 1956, when the company then known as "Österreichische Mineralölverwaltungs Aktiengesellschaft" was officially entered into the commercial register. Consequently, the Soviet Mineral Oil Administration (Sowjetische Mineralölverwaltung, SMV), a corporation formed during the Soviet zone of occupation in post-war Austria became "Österreichische Mineralölverwaltungs Aktiengesellschaft".

Four years later, in 1960, the company opened the Schwechat refinery near Vienna, in 1968 the first natural gas supply contract with the former USSR were entered. At the end of 1987, 15% of OMV was privatized, making it the first public listing of a state-owned company in Austria. In 1990 the company opened its first filling station in Vienna on 26 June. In 1998, OMV acquired a 25% stake in the plastics group, Borealis.

The International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC) of Abu Dhabi acquired an initial 19.6% interest in the group at the end of 1994. The following year, the group changed its name from "ÖMV" to "OMV" because the umlaut on the "Ö" is not commonly used in many languages.

In the early 2000s, OMV expanded into Eastern Europe, by acquiring around 10% of Hungarian oil company, MOL and in 2003 it acquired the upstream division of Germany's Preussag Energie, expanding its filling station networks.

In 2004, OMV became the market leader in Central and Eastern Europe following the acquisition of 51% of Romanian oil and gas group Petrom which then constituted the largest acquisition in OMV's history. In the same year, OMV increased its share capital, meaning that more than 50% of the company's shares were in free float for the first time. Following the sale of 50% of the subsidiary company Agrolinz Melamine International GmbH to IPIC in 2005, the Borealis group was taken over in full together with IPIC.

In 2006, OMV acquired a 34% stake in a Turkish oil company Petrol Ofisi. In the same year, the board members of OMV and Verbund, the Austrian utility group announced plans for a merger. However, this collapsed due to resistance from Austrian MPs.

OMV increased its stake in Hungarian oil group MOL to 20.2% in 2007. OMV then sold its entire stake in March 2009 after MOL rejected a takeover bid in 2008 and the European Commission imposed tough restrictions for an approval of the deal. In late 2011, OMV acquired the stake held by Dogan Holding in Petrol Ofisi, which further increased its stake in the company to 95.75%.

In 2012, the Domino-1 well in the Romanian Black Sea exploration license Neptun was the most significant discovery in that year, which has the potential to be OMV's most important gas discovery ever.

On October 31, 2013, the acquisition deal with Norwegian Statoil containing participations in oil and gas fields and in development projects in Norway and the UK was closed. With 2.65 bn USD, this then was the largest transaction in OMV's history.

A divestment agreement for the 45% stake in Bayernoil was signed in December 2013. The sale was closed in June 2014.

In 2015 OMV increased its interest in Petrol Ofisi to 100%,. Two years later, in 2017, OMV sold Petrol Ofisi to Vitol Group

In 2017, OMV – together with ENGIE, Shell, Uniper and Wintershall – signed financing agreements with Nord Stream 2 AG to build the 1,200 km Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to Germany. In September 2018, OMV became the only Austrian company listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.

In January 2019, OMV took a stake of 50% in the joint venture "SapuraOMV Upstream Sdn. Bhd.", a leading oil and gas company in Malaysia.

In January 2019, OMV signed an agreement to acquire a 15% stake in ADNOC Refining (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) in Abu Dhabi.

In March 2020, OMV increased its holding in Borealis to 75%, thereby transforming OMV from a pure oil and gas company into a gas, oil and chemicals group. At the end of 2020, OMV started up Austria's then largest photovoltaic plant with 11.4 MWp in Schönkirchen (Lower Austria).

On May 31, 2021, OMV and Verbund close purchase of 51% interest in Gas Connect Austria. On June 1, OMV appoints Alfred Stern as new CEO. On June 8, OMV and MOL Group reach agreement for MOL Group to acquire OMV Slovenia.

On March 5, 2022, OMV announced that it would no longer pursue investment in Russia.

In December 2022, it was announced the state-owned, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), has acquired a 24.9% stake in OMV from Mubadala Petroleum and Petrochemicals Holding Company.

In September 2023, OMV is rolling out a comprehensive network of e-charging stations under the brand name eMotion. The implementation includes the installation of 2,000 charging points by 2030 in Austria, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary.

In December 2023 a Russian presidential decree gave the government the power to confiscate and forcibly sell off assets belonging to European energy firms including shares in the Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field, currently owned by OMV and Wintershall Dea.

Shareholder structure 2023

 * ÖBAG (31.5%)
 * Mubadala Petroleum and Petrochemicals Holding Company/ Abu Dhabi (24.9%)
 * Institutional Investors (27.7%)
 * Unidentified free float (4.0%)
 * Retail positions and miscellaneous (11.7%)
 * Employee share programs (0.1%)
 * Treasury Shares (0.1%)

Shareholdings
The most important shareholdings of OMV Aktiengesellschaft are listed below, with other shareholdings held by the appropriate business segments:
 * Borealis AG (75%)
 * OMV Petrom SA (51%)
 * Sapura OMV (50%)
 * ADNOC Refining and ADNOC Global Trading (15%)

Chemicals & Materials
In the Chemicals & Materials segment, OMV is one of the world’s leading providers of advanced and circular polyolefin solutions and a European market leader in base chemicals and plastics recycling. The Company supplies services and products to customers around the globe through OMV and Borealis and its two joint ventures: Borouge (with ADNOC, based in the UAE and Singapore) and Baystar (with TotalEnergies, based in the United States). The segment comprises the production of base chemicals integrated with OMV operated refineries in Austria and Germany, the Borealis business of base chemicals and polyolefins, and the joint ventures.

Fuels & Feedstock
The Fuels & Feedstock business segment refines crude oil and other feedstocks. Its activities include Refining, Supply and Trading, Commercial and Retail. OMV owns a total refining capacity of around 500 kbbl/d, with three wholly owned refineries in Europe and a 15% share in ADNOC Refining & ADNOC Global Trading. In Europe, refining activities are highly integrated with marketing to serve a strong branded retail network and a broad base of commercial customers. Total fuels and other sales volumes in Europe amounted to 16.29 mn t in 2023. The strongly branded retail network comprising 1,666 filling stations accounts for around 35% of sales volumes, while commercial customers are mainly from industrial transportation and construction sectors and account for the remaining sales volumes.

Energy
The Energy segment consists of Exploration & Production, Gas Marketing & Power, and the Low Carbon Business. Its E&P activities include exploration & appraisal, development, and production of crude oil, natural gas liquids, and natural gas. Energy operates its natural gas business across the value chain, from the wellhead to the end customer, with a fully integrated natural gas sales and logistics business. It also includes power business activities and a gas-fired power plant in Romania. Energy plays a key role in developing the sustainable resources for the future. The Low Carbon Business concentrates on geothermal energy, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and renewable power solutions.

War crimes in Sudan
In June 2010, the European Coalition on Oil in Sudan (ECOS) published the report "Unpaid Debt", that called upon the governments of Sweden, Austria, and Malaysia to look into allegations Lundin Petroleum (as operator), OMV and Petronas may have been complicit in the commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity whilst operating in Block 5A, South Sudan (then Sudan), during the period of 1997 to 2003. The reported crimes include indiscriminate attacks and intentional targeting of civilians, burning of shelters, pillage, destruction of objects necessary for survival, unlawful killing of civilians, rape of women, abduction of children, torture, and forced displacement by government troops. When the consortium that OMV took part in operated in Block 5A, approximately 12.000 people died and 160.000 were violently displaced by government troops from their land and homes, many forever. Satellite pictures taken between 1994 and 2003 show that the activities coincided with a spectacular drop in agricultural land use in its concession area.

In June 2010, the Swedish public prosecutor for international crimes opened a criminal investigation into links between Sweden and the reported crimes. In 2016, Lundin Petroleum's Chairman Ian Lundin and CEO Alex Schneiter (as operator) were informed that they were the suspects of the investigation. Sweden's Government gave the green light for the Public Prosecutor in October 2018 to indict the two top executives On 1 November 2018, the Swedish Prosecution Authority notified Lundin Petroleum AB that the company may be liable to a corporate fine and forfeiture of economic benefits of SEK 3,285 (app. €315 million) for involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity. Consequently, the company itself would also be charged, albeit indirectly, and will be legally represented in court. On 15 November 2018 the suspects were served with the draft charges and the case files. They would be indicted for aiding and abetting international crimes and may face life imprisonment if found guilty. The trial is likely to open early in 2022 and may take two years.

The Swedish war crimes investigation raises the issue of access to remedy and reparation for victims of human rights violations linked with business activities. In May 2016, representatives of communities in Block 5A claimed their right to remedy and reparation and called upon OMV, Lundin Petroleum and Petronas and their shareholders to pay off their debt to them. A conviction in Sweden may provide some level of remedy and reparation for the few victims of human rights violations who will testify in court, but not for the other 200,000 victims who will not be represented in court. The Swedish court cannot impose obligations upon OMV.

On 23 May 2019, the T.M.C. Asser Institute for International Law in The Hague organized the conference 'Towards criminal liability of corporations for human rights violations: The Lundin case in Sweden'.

OMV endorses the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, acknowledging the duty of business enterprises to contribute to effective remedy of adverse impact that it has caused or contributed to. The company has never publicly showed an interest in the adverse impacts of its activities on the communities in its concession area. According to the Dutch peace organisation PAX, the companies OMV, Lundin Petroleum, Petronas, as well as their shareholders are disregarding the human rights standards that they claim to respect, notably the OECD Guidelines and UN Guiding Principles, because they, A. never conducted an appropriate due diligence for their Sudanese operations; B. made no effort to know their human rights impacts; and C. do not show how they address alleged adverse human rights impacts.

OMV (Sudan) Exploration GmbH was a wholly owned subsidiary of OMV AG, and held a 26.1% share in the a license as part of the consortium that appointed Lundin as operator to explore and develop oil deposits in Block 5A. It sold its Sudanese assets in 2004 with a net profit of $55 million As the operator of the consortium, Lundin Petroleum was responsible for day-to-day management but its managers stood under the supervision of the Operating Committee, that exercised "overall direction and control of all matters pertaining to the Joint Operations and the Joint Property". OMV was permanently represented in the Operating Committee and has never publicly distanced itself from any of its decisions.

Between 2001 and 2003, OMV met repeatedly with European human rights advocates led by Sudan Platform Austria, but the company took no effective measures to prevent involvement in human rights violations or undo the adverse impact of Lundin's operations. On April 6, 2001, OMV wrote to Human Rights Watch: "We have reached the conclusion that, despite problems, the influx of oil revenues could improve the social and humanitarian conditions of the Sudanese. Oil exploration activities also represent immediate benefits to the local population, in terms of employment, infrastructure developments and humanitarian assistance... Our role is to constantly monitor the situation on the ground and to turn our perception of business ethics into reality by responsible action. In 2002, OMV nevertheless commissioned an independent report on the human rights situation in Block 5A, that has not been made public.

While Block 5A was operated by Lundin, OMV was a participant in the consortium, the suspicions against the consortium's top managers therefore also concern OMV. The Austrian State's owns 31% of OMV's shares. According to the UN Guiding Principles, which is endorsed by Austria, an abuse of human rights by a business enterprise that is wholly or partially controlled by a State, may entail a violation of that State's own international law obligations.

Petrom
The acquisition of 51% stake in Petrom was considered controversial as the privatisation contract was not made public and it consists of several disputed clauses.

The privatisation allegedly produced a market monopoly. Critics say that OMV can use the resources Petrom owns until their exhaustion. Also fixing of tax for gas and oil exploration at 3 to 13.5 percent from the final delivery price for 10 years was criticised. Some critics claimed, that the price €1.5 billion was too low.

On 13 December 2022, OMV Petrom was convicted by the Couter of Justice from Gaiesti, Romania of Involuntary manslaughter case. The Local Court Gaiesti ruled its decision in the file where OMV Petrom SA was sent to trial for involuntary manslaughter. The accusation is referring to an incident which occurred in Cobia in 2016 and resulted in the death of a child. OMV Petrom was found guilty and was convicted to a punishment of a criminal fine amounting to RON 28,000. On the civil side, the court assessed the degree of fault of OMV Petrom SA at 50% and the company was obliged to pay moral damages in total amount of EUR 135,000 to the victim's family and material damages and other expenses in total amount of RON 22,000. The court ordered the complementary measure consisting in the one-year suspension of the activity of oil exploitation wells within the radius of Dâmboviţa county which, at the date when the decision becomes final, do not have a completely closed and locked perimeter or which do no have a well cellar grate installed. The court also ordered the publication of the decision of conviction, in extract. .

MOL
In June 2007 OMV made an unsolicited bid to take over MOL, which was rejected by the Hungarian company. MOL criticised OMV's advertisement in which OMV had suggested the two had already worked together on the European market. MOL thought that to be misleading and unethical and asked OMV to remove the name MOL from those advertisements. OMV dismissed its bid after negative results of the investigation by the European competition authorities. OMV sold its entire stake to Surgutneftegas in March 2009.

New Zealand
On 10 April 2019 OMV announced that it would drill up to ten wells off the Otago, New Zealand coast. The decision was met with indications by local environmental groups, who had successfully fought previous attempts to drill for fossil fuels in the area, that OMV could "expect resistance". In November 2019 an OMV supply vessel in Timaru was occupied for 57 hours by 27 protesters, and 16 people were arrested. In March 2020 two members of Extinction Rebellion Ōtautahi intercepted and boarded an OMV mobile drilling rig in the Marlborough Sounds from an inflatable boat, intending to occupy it for a week, but due to sickness of one of the protestors, the occupation was abandoned after 14 hours. The protestors came on board of the rig and were flown to New Plymouth and served with a trespass notice.

title: OMV


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Papa Haydn

The composer Joseph Haydn is sometimes given the nickname "Papa" Haydn. The practice began in Haydn's lifetime and has continued to the present day.

identifies three senses of the term, discussed below in the order of their chronological origin.

"Papa" as a term of affection
"Papa Haydn" started out as a term of affection bestowed on Haydn by the musicians who worked for him. After 1766 Haydn was the Kapellmeister at the Esterházy court, presiding over a fairly large group of musicians. His authority was evidently rather benevolent, as he often interceded with Prince Esterházy on behalf of musicians who had gotten in trouble. The tale of the "Farewell" Symphony attests to Haydn's willingness to act on behalf of his subordinates. The practice of calling Haydn "Papa" became increasingly plausible as Haydn's 30-plus years of service in the Eszterházy court went by; with each year, he would have become increasingly older than the average musician serving under him.

As time went by, the group of musicians who called Haydn "Papa" expanded beyond the Esterházy court and included Haydn's friend Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Höslinger summarizes this aspect of "Papa Haydn" thus: "'Papa' arose as a term of affection, commonly used by the Esterházy players ... for a father figure, somebody who willingly gave advice and who was generally respected as a musician." He notes that in Haydn's time the term was used for other musicians as well; e.g. "Franz Schubert called Salieri his 'Grosspapa' (German: 'grandad')".

"Papa" as founder
Another sense of the term "Papa Haydn" came from his role in the history of classical music, notably in the development of the symphony and string quartet. While Haydn did not invent either genre, his work is considered important enough that the labels "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet" are often attached to him. Even in his own lifetime, this perspective was prevalent. In 1797, the Tonkünstler-Societät of Vienna passed the resolution to make him a life member, "by virtue of his extraordinary merit as the father and reformer of the noble art of music." When in 1798 Franz Niemetschek published a biography of Mozart, he dedicated the book to Haydn, calling him "father of the noble art of music and favorite of the Muses."

Höslinger asserts that this usage of "Papa Haydn" increased during the 19th century, "as the sense of reverence for older composers increased."

"Papa" as pejorative
This usage, which arose in the 19th century, is characterized thus by Höslinger: it is "a more patronizing, even dismissive one. In comparison with Romantic artists and Romantic music, Haydn and his output were seen as genial, but naive and superficial."

With the rise of acclaim for Haydn's music during the 20th century, the patronizing sense of "Papa Haydn" caused scholars and critics to become leery of the term, seeing it as a distortion of the composer's work. For example, Haydn scholar Jens Peter Larsen wrote (1980):

"For years the nickname 'Papa Haydn' has characterized the composer. Used by his own musicians and others as a tribute of affection and respect, the expression increasingly took on misleading connotations, and came to signify a benevolent but bewigged and old-fashioned classic. The recent revival of interest in Haydn's music has made plain that the traditional picture had become a caricature, and that it gave a false impression of richness and diversity of his development as a composer."

"Papa Haydn" was used in a children's song, sung to the first bars of the second movement of the Surprise Symphony:  Papa Haydn's dead and gone but his memory lingers on. When his mood was one of bliss he wrote jolly tunes like this.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Papa Haydn


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Nightwatchman

Nightwatchman may refer to:

 * Watchman (law enforcement)
 * Nightwatchman (cricket), a lower-order batsman who comes in to bat higher up the order than usual near the end of the day's play
 * "Nightwatchman", a song by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers from Hard Promises
 * The Nightwatchman, or Tom Morello, a musician
 * Night-watchman state, a government ideal restricted to the upholding of negative rights
 * a security guard who works at night
 * Nightwatchman (film), a 2000 Italian film
 * Street Kings or The Night Watchman, a 2008 film
 * Night Watchman (radar), Canadian WWII-era radar

title: Nightwatchman


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Henry Cecil Raikes

Henry Cecil Raikes PC (18 November 1838 – 24 August 1891) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was Chairman of Ways and Means between 1874 and 1880 and served as Postmaster General between 1886 and 1891.

Background and education
Born in Chester, Cheshire, Raikes was the grandson of Reverend Henry Raikes, Chancellor of the Diocese of Chester, and the great-grandson of Thomas Raikes, a merchant and banker in London, who was Governor of the Bank of England and a personal friend of prime minister William Pitt the Younger. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Trinity College, Cambridge.

Political career
Raikes was Member of Parliament for Chester between 1868 and 1880, for Preston in 1882 and for Cambridge University between 1882 and 1891. He served as Chairman of the National Union of Conservative and Constitutional Associations from 1869 to 1874. In 1874 he was appointed Chairman of Ways and Means (Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons), a post he held until 1880, when he was sworn of the Privy Council. He later returned to party political life when he served as Postmaster General under Lord Salisbury between 1886 and 1891.

Raikes is one of the earliest British politicians to have had their voice recorded. George Edward Gouraud recorded him on behalf of Thomas Edison on the evening of 5 October 1888 at his home in Upper Sydenham near Crystal Palace, London.

Family
Raikes married Charlotte Blanche, of Plas Teg, Mold, daughter of Charles Blayney Trevor-Roper, on 26 September 1861. They had several children, including Cecil Dacre Staveley Raikes (1874–1947), a Vice-Admiral in the Royal Navy, and Henry St John Digby Raikes, father of the Conservative politician Sir Victor Raikes. The family lived at Llwynegrin Hall, Wales. Raikes died on 24 August 1891, aged 52. Charlotte Raikes survived her husband by over 30 years and died in September 1922.

title: Henry Cecil Raikes


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Upfield

Upfield is a word with several meanings:
 * Upfield (company), a margarine and food spreads company, derived from margarine division of Unilever
 * Upfield, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia
 * Upfield railway station
 * Upfield railway line
 * Upfield bike path
 * Arthur Upfield (1890–1964), a detective novelist

title: Upfield


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User talk:Jokoe

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 17:09, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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title: User talk:Jokoe


text:
Sibley

Sibley may refer to:

 * Sibley (surname)
 * Sibley (automobile)

Places and landmarks
In Canada:
 * Sibley Peninsula, Ontario (on Lake Superior)

In the United States:
 * Sibley, Illinois
 * Sibley, Iowa
 * Sibley, Kansas
 * Sibley, Louisiana
 * Sibley, Mississippi
 * Sibley, Missouri
 * Sibley, North Dakota
 * Sibley County, Minnesota
 * Sibley Memorial Hospital, in Washington, D.C.
 * Robert Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve, in California
 * Sibley Park

Other

 * Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds, a phenetic DNA-based taxonomy of birds
 * Sibley's, a former New York state department store chain
 * Sibley's Shoes, a former Michigan retail footwear chain
 * Sibley fire, a 1904 New York disaster

title: Sibley


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Plumpton

Plumpton was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP

Entire article reads "Plumpton is the name of an ancient family that settled in Yorkshire England at the time of the Conquest, 1066." This, in itself, is not unique or interesting since all families can be traced back a very long way. --LeeHunter 17:10, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll turn it into a dab page, there are a few Plumptons across the UK (try a search on http://www.streetmap.co.uk or http://www.getamap.co.uk ) Dunc|☺ 17:23, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep now, obviously. Wyss 18:24, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Obvious keep as a dab page. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 19:49, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Good job Dunc, keep.  --fvw *  08:10, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * Agreed, great work. Keep the disambig ver by Duncharris. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 18:04, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Bancroft

Bancroft may refer to:

People

 * Bancroft (surname)

United States

 * Bancroft, California
 * Bancroft, Idaho, a city
 * Bancroft, Iowa, a city
 * Bancroft, Kentucky, a home rule-class city
 * Bancroft, Louisiana, an unincorporated area
 * Bancroft, Maine, a township
 * Bancroft, Michigan, a village
 * Bancroft, Minneapolis, Minnesota, a neighborhood
 * Bancroft, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Bancroft, Nebraska, a village
 * Bancroft, South Dakota, a town
 * Bancroft, West Virginia, a town
 * Bancroft, Wisconsin, a census-designated place
 * Bancroft County, Iowa, a former county
 * Bancroft Creek, a stream in Minnesota
 * Bancroft Township, Freeborn County, Minnesota
 * Bancroft Township, Cuming County, Nebraska

Elsewhere

 * Bancroft, Queensland, Australia, a locality in the North Burnett Region
 * Bancroft, Ontario, Canada, a town
 * Bancroft, Milton Keynes, UK, a district
 * former name of Chililabombwe, Copperbelt Province, Zambia, a town
 * Bancroft (crater), a crater on the Moon

Arts and entertainment

 * Bancroft (TV series), a 2017 British TV series
 * Bancroft Pons, a fictional character in the Solar Pons stories by August Derleth
 * George Bancroft, protagonist of the 1980 film Hangar 18
 * Bancroft Prize, an American literary award from Columbia University

Schools

 * Bancroft Middle School (Los Angeles, California), an American public middle school
 * Bancroft Middle School (San Leandro, California), an American public middle school
 * Bancroft School, an American private K-12 school in Worcester, Massachusetts
 * Bancroft School of Massage Therapy, an American trade school in Worcester, Massachusetts
 * Bancroft's School, a British independent school in Woodford Green, London

Ships

 * USCS Bancroft, a schooner in commission as a survey ship in the United States Coast Survey from 1846 to 1862
 * USS Bancroft, the name of more than one United States Navy ship
 * USS George Bancroft (SSBN-643), a United States Navy fleet ballistic missile submarine in commission from 1966 to 1993
 * Bancroft (motor vessel), a 1925 ship preserved in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States

Other uses

 * Bancroft Hall, a dormitory at the United States Naval Academy
 * Bancroft Hall, a dormitory at Phillips Exeter Academy
 * Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, United States
 * Bancroft Mills, a factory in Wilmington, Delaware, United States
 * Bancroft Point, a real binary system where the components have equal saturation pressure and exhibit azeotropy
 * Bancroft PLLC, an American law firm

title: Bancroft


text:
User talk:Rudolf44

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 17:13, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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 * Editing tutorial
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title: User talk:Rudolf44


text:
User talk:Peter Kaminski

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 17:13, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Macadamia oil merger
Done. Good call. --Waitak 16:02, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Thank you for your message, please advise
I had noticed the watermark after I uploaded the Roosevelt/Alamo image but not the dance card. Some time ago, before I knew how to crop pictures and when I was uploading smaller-sized pics, I occasionally uploaded one with the common eBay watermark in the lower right-hand corner. I posted a question at a Wikipedia copyright noticeboard but got no response.

I thought the dance card image was particularly valuable (it gave the only image to Dance card). The TR/Alamo one, less so but still valuable. (And much less valuable with a watermark.) Against that, I wondered a bit about the watermark, but I'm very dubious about how much value it adds and how that affects copyright. I thought these watermarks were added to prevent someone from reselling the postcard in a scam, but I admit I'm confused by it. Could you point me to something at least somewhat authoritative on Wikipedia (or elsewhere) that addresses this? If it's authoritative, I'll take it down myself (I'll have to find out how to do that). Otherwise, let's take it to a deletion discussion where we can get other editors involved. Possibly we don't want watermarked pics anyway, even if there's no copyright problem. I think these are the only ones other than one or two old ones with the eBay logo that I can readily find and crop. Please advise; I don't want to violate copyright. Noroton (talk) 00:18, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi, Noroton -- I'll leave a reply on your talk page. -- Peter Kaminski (talk) 01:21, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

 * What you quoted was for "user created" images, so it still left me wondering. I looked around and found what looks like a good Wikipedia authority and listed the two pics there. Please take a look at Copyright problems/2008 July 11/Images and feel free to add your comment to mine in case you think I missed something important. Thanks for bringing this up, I'll be curious to see what they say. Noroton (talk) 02:19, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I was posting my question at the wrong spot. That one seems to be for obvious problems. I removed it from there and posted it at Media copyright questions. Sorry if that causes any confusion. Noroton (talk) 18:45, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

GLAM Boot Camp
Hi Peter. Unfortunately, the GLAM Boot Camp, which is starting tomorrow, is an invite-only event and registration has already closed. Thank you for your interest, though! Dominic·t 02:53, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

Distil
Please note that "distil" is the correct preferred spelling in British English. —BarrelProof (talk) 03:38, 31 January 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Purity Stores

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title: User talk:Peter Kaminski


text:
William Glasser

William Glasser (May 11, 1925 – August 23, 2013) was an American psychiatrist. He was the developer of W. Edwards Deming's workplace ideas, reality therapy and choice theory. His innovations for individual counseling, work environments and school, highlight personal choice, personal responsibility and personal transformation. Glasser positioned himself in opposition to conventional mainstream psychiatrists, who focus instead on classifying psychiatric syndromes as "illnesses" and prescribe psychotropic medications to treat mental disorders.

Based on his wide-ranging and consulting clinical experience, Glasser applied his theories to broader social issues, such as education, management, and marriage, to name a few. As a public advocate, Glasser warned the general public of potential detriments caused by older generations of psychiatry, wedded to traditional diagnosing of patients as having mental illnesses (brain disorders) and prescribing medications. In his view, patients simply act out their unhappiness and lack of meaningful personal connection with important people in their life. Glasser advocated educating the general public about mental health issues; offering, post-modern frameworks for finding and following healthy therapeutic direction.

Early life and career
Glasser was born on May 11, 1925, in Cleveland, Ohio, to Ben Glasser, a watch and clock repairman, and his wife Betty. He attended Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, where in 1945 he earned his BS in chemical engineering. After a short career as an engineer, Glasser returned in 1946 to Case Western, but instead, during his first semester, was drafted into the US Army and stationed at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. He returned to Case Western in 1947, earning his MA in clinical psychology in 1949 and his MD in psychiatry in 1953. He completed his medical internship and psychiatric residency at UCLA and the Veterans Administration Hospital, respectively, and became board certified in 1961.

After being "thrown off the staff" at the VA hospital due to his anti-Freudian beliefs, Glasser took a position as staff psychiatrist at the Ventura School for Delinquent Girls, where he began teaching ideas that became the basis for reality therapy. During this time, Glasser met G. L. Harrington, an older psychiatrist who openly disbelieved the Freudian model of mental illness, whom Glasser credits as being his "mentor".

Glasser set up a private psychotherapy practice in Los Angeles, which he maintained until 1986.

Work
Glasser authored and co-authored numerous and influential books on mental health, counseling, school improvement, and teaching, and several publications advocating a public health approach to or emphasis within mental health versus the prevailing "medical" model.

Glasser founded the Institute for Reality Therapy in 1967, which was renamed the Institute for Control Theory, Reality Therapy and Lead Management in 1994 and later the William Glasser Institute in 1996 in Chatsworth, CA. The institute is now located in Tempe, Arizona, and has branch institutes throughout the world.

By the 1970s Glasser called his body of work "Control Theory". By 1996, the theoretical structure evolved into a comprehensive body of work renamed "Choice Theory", mainly because of the confusion with perceptual control theory by William T. Powers, developed in the 1950s.

Reality therapy organizations
In the United States, the Glasser Institute was originally organized with regional groups in New England, the Sunbelt, the Northwest, the Midwest, the Southeast, and the West Coast.

In July 2010 the William Glasser Association International (WGAI) was established in Nashville, Kentucky, with an interim governing board charged with setting up the organization to coordinate worldwide activities and conferences, the first of which was in 2012 in Los Angeles. The board eventually became incorporated in California under the new name of William Glasser International (WGI) and is the umbrella body recognised by Glasser to represent his ideas around the world. The members of the WGI Board are elected by members.

Outside of the United States, William Glasser International (WGI) has active affiliate organizations in many countries including Canada, Croatia, Slovenia, Ireland, the UK, Finland, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Japan, Central and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Neither WGI nor its affiliate organisations confer titles such as "counsellor" or "therapist" in their regular certification courses. In Europe, however, there are two special courses offering by the European Institute for Reality Therapy, one leading to the title Reality Therapy Psychotherapist and the other to obtain the title Reality Therapy Counsellor. Both can lead to The European Certificate in Psychotherapy (ECP).

The William Glasser Institute UK (formally Institute for Reality Therapy UK), with its own administration executive, coordinates the faculty workshops and practicums in the United Kingdom on behalf of WGI International, leading up to and including Reality Therapy Certification (CTRTC). The WGI UK strives to promote and develop choice theory, reality therapy, and lead management in the UK, offering guidance and support to its membership made up of a body of like-minded individuals, committed to their own personal and professional advancement. Support is offered by a team of training and practicum supervisors. Members of the institute subscribe to the "ethos" that Choice Theory, Reality Therapy, and Lead Management guide and support their relationships both on a personal and professional basis, and that Reality Therapy should be taught with integrity and adherence to fundamental concepts as described by Glasser and others who write, teach, and are associated with WG International.

Death
Glasser died at his home in Los Angeles on August 23, 2013, in the company of his wife, Carleen, and others. Glasser's obituary reported the cause of death as respiratory failure stemming from pneumonia. The William Glasser Institute website referred to Glasser's death as "a massive shock to all", despite him having been "in poor health for some time".

With co-author Naomi Glasser

 * What are you doing?: How people are helped through reality therapy: Cases, 1980 ISBN 0-06-011646-3 (published in 1982 with Instructor's Guide ISBN 0-06-090947-1)
 * Control theory in the practice of reality therapy: case studies, 1989 ISBN 0-06-055174-7

With co-author Carleen Glasser

 * The Language of Choice Theory, 1999 ISBN 0-06-095323-3
 * What Is This Thing Called Love?, 2000 ISBN 0-9678444-0-1
 * Getting Together and Staying Together, 2000 ISBN 0-06-095633-X
 * Eight Lessons for a Happier Marriage, 2007 ISBN 978-0-06-133692-8

Other

 * Both-Win Management: A Practical Approach to Improving Employee Performance, Using the 8-Step RPM Program, 1980 ISBN 0-690-01809-6, co-authored with Chester Karrass

Chapters in books edited by others

 * Chapter 4: Reality Therapy: An Explanation of the Steps of Reality Therapy, in What Are You Doing?, 1980, edited by Naomi Glasser ISBN 0-06-011646-3
 * Several chapters (not numbered), in The Reality Therapy Reader 1976, edited by Thomas Bratter and Richard Rachin, ISBN 0-06-010238-1
 * p38 "Youth in Rebellion: Why?"
 * p50 "A Talk with William Glasser"
 * p58 "The Civilized Identity Society"
 * p68 "How to Face Failure and Find Success"
 * p92 "Notes on Reality Therapy"
 * p345 "Practical Psychology G.P.s Can Use"
 * p359 "A New Look At Discipline"
 * p382 "Roles, Goals and Failure"
 * p465 "What Children Need"
 * p490 "The Role of the Leader in Counseling" (co-authored with Norman Iverson)
 * p498 "Discipline as a Function of Large Group Meetings" (co-authored with Norman Iverson)
 * p510 "A Realistic Approach to the Young Offender"

Biography

 * William Glasser: Champion of Choice, 2014 ISBN 978-1934442470

title: William Glasser


text:
Leonard (disambiguation)

Leonard is both a masculine given name and a surname.

Leonard may also refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Leonard, Michigan
 * Leonard, Minnesota
 * Leonard, Missouri
 * Leonard, North Dakota
 * Leonard, Oklahoma
 * Leonard, Texas

Other uses

 * Léonard (comics), a Belgian comic series
 * Leonard (demon), in the Dictionnaire Infernal
 * Leonard Part 6, a 1987 American spy parody film
 * Leonard Medal, honors outstanding contributions to the science of meteoritics
 * Leonard (appliances), in Michigan, U.S.
 * "Leonard" (song), a 1981 song by American country music artist Merle Haggard from his album Back to the Barrooms
 * "Leonard", standard author abbreviation for Emery Clarence Leonard in botanical works

title: Leonard (disambiguation)


text: User talk:66.79.85.20

title: User talk:66.79.85.20


text:
Talk:Thomas Walsh (Irish politician)

Bishops
For the reasoning behind the disambiguation, see Talk:Archbishop of Birmingham Harris 17:17, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thomas Walsh (Irish politician)


text:
Talk:Councils of Sirmium

Untitled
This article was proposed for deletion December 2004. The archived discussion is available at Votes for deletion/Council of Sirmium.

Ecumenical councils in Sirmium?
The article states that "[t]he Council of Sirmium generally refers to the third of the four ecumenical councils held in Sirmium between 357 AD and 359 AD." (my emphasis)

Is it correct to say that councils in Sirmium were ecumenical? The Wikipedia article Ecumenical council does not mention any Ecumenical Council in Sirmium. Aleksandar Katanovic (talk) 01:06, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

 * This is a gray area but I would say "no". By the same token I would argue that making the blanket statement that any council was ecumenical, outside the context of a specific church communion, is inappropriate. In reality the term ecumenical has tended to be applied ex post facto based on which prescriptions of faith a given communion of bishops has chosen to accept. Typically on Wikipedia the term is used to apply the viewpoint of the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches simply because most editors come from that perspective. But this is not really NPOV. --Mcorazao (talk) 15:19, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Bias
The section Triumph of the Nicene Creed seems decidedly off-topic, at least in the way that it is written. It is talking almost entirely about how the results of the Sirmium councils were later overturned. A reader could easily misread this to think that the Sirmium councils actually resulted in the acceptance of Nicene orthodoxy. Regardless, what happened later is not, strictly speaking relevant to this article.

A Legacy or Aftermath section might be appropriate but, even at that, this section would need to be more clear than the current section.

--Mcorazao (talk) 15:14, 2 July 2010 (UTC) Small text
 * I took care of it. Wikipedia grinds slowly, but exceedingly fine. 70.213.17.98 (talk) 23:34, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Councils of Sirmium


text: User talk:83.31.243.118

title: User talk:83.31.243.118


text:
User talk:Erudition

sleeping giant
Nice photo of the sleeping giant. It sounds like you created it yourself. Did you see this request -- Untagged_Images? So the wikipedia can be included in linux distributions there is a project to tag all images with a licence, stating the terms under which they can be distributed.

Image copyright problem with Image:Mcdonalds golden arches sign.jpg
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Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Dethomas 02:43, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:The national 1982.jpg
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Orphaned non-free image File:The national 70s.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:The national 70s.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 06:24, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Erudition


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Glasser

Glasser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Albert Glasser (1916–1998), American composer of film scores
 * Arthur Glasser (1914–2009), American missiologist and missionary
 * Bernard Glasser (1924–2014), American film producer and director
 * Dick Glasser (1933–2000), American singer and songwriter
 * Harold Glasser (1905–1992), New Deal economist and Soviet spy
 * Ira Glasser (born 1938), director of the ACLU
 * Isabel Glasser (born 1958), American actress
 * Leah Blatt Glasser, American literary critic and scholar
 * Mitch Glasser (born 1989), American-Israeli baseball player
 * Phillip Glasser (born 1978), American actor
 * Ralph Glasser (1916–2002), Scottish psychologist, economist and author
 * Roland Glasser (born 1973), British literary translator
 * Ronald J. Glasser, American doctor and author
 * Susan Glasser (born 1969), American journalist and editor
 * William Glasser (1925–2013), American psychiatrist

title: Glasser


text:
User talk:Mtekk

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 17:20, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Lakeville South High School
I have added a "" template to the article Lakeville South High School, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Denni talk 02:02, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

User page
No problem. CambridgeBayWeather Have a gorilla 21:58, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mtekk


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Lærdal Tunnel

The Lærdal Tunnel (Lærdalstunnelen) is a 24.51 km road tunnel connecting the municipalities of Lærdal and Aurland in Vestland county, Norway; the southwest end of the tunnel is approximately 117 km northeast of Bergen. It carries two lanes of European Route E16, and was the final link completing the main highway that now enables car travel between Oslo and Bergen with no ferry connections and no difficult mountain crossings during winter. It is the longest road tunnel in the world, succeeding the Swiss Gotthard Road Tunnel.

In 1975, the Parliament of Norway decided that the main road between Oslo and Bergen would run via Filefjell. In 1992, Parliament confirmed that decision, added that the road should run through a tunnel between Lærdal and Aurland, and passed legislation to build the tunnel. Construction started in 1995 and the tunnel opened in 2000. It cost 1.082 billion Norwegian kroner ($113.1M USD).

Beginning in 2025 and for around four years, the tunnel will be completely closed for fourteen hours each night for upgrades to meet recent changes to EU safety regulations. Alternative routes such as road 50 are available, but are slower and often closed in winter.

Design
A total of 2500000 m3 of rock was removed from the tunnel during its construction from 1995 to 2000. The tunnel begins just east of Aurlandsvangen in Aurland, goes under a mountain range, and ends 5.5 km south of Lærdalsøyri in Lærdal. Its design takes into consideration the mental strain of driving through a long tunnel; it is divided into four sections, separated by three large mountain caves (with parking areas available) at 6 km intervals. While the main tunnel has white lights, the caves have blue lighting with yellow lights at the fringes to give an impression of sunrise. These caves are meant to break the monotony, providing a refreshing view and allowing drivers some relief. They are also used as turnaround points, and as break areas to help alleviate claustrophobia during the 20-minute drive through the tunnel. In the tunnel, there are signs every kilometer indicating how many kilometers have already been covered and how many still to go. To alert drivers who become inattentive or start to fall asleep, each lane is supplied with a loud rumble strip towards the centre.

Safety
The tunnel does not have emergency exits; however, there are many safety precautions in case of accident, fire, or other emergency. Emergency phones marked "SOS" are installed every 250 m for contacting police, fire departments, and hospitals. Fire extinguishers are placed every 125 m. Whenever an emergency phone is used or a fire extinguisher is lifted, stop lights and electronic signs reading snu og køyr ut (English: turn and exit) are displayed throughout the tunnel, and electronic signs at the entrance show tunnelen stengt (English: tunnel closed). There are fifteen turnaround areas that accommodate buses and semi-trailers. In addition to the three large caverns, emergency niches have been built every 500 m. There are photo inspections; security centres in Lærdal and Bergen keep a count of all vehicles entering and exiting the tunnel. Wiring is installed so that radios and mobile phones do not lose service while inside the tunnel. Speed cameras have been installed because of serious speeding. There are very few other completely straight roads in the region.

Air quality
High air quality in the tunnel is achieved in two ways: ventilation and purification. The Lærdal Tunnel is the first in the world to be equipped with an air treatment plant, located in a 100 m-wide cavern about 9.5 km northwest of Aurlandsvangen. Air from the tunnel is drawn into the plant by two large fans, particulates (dust and soot) are removed by an electrostatic filter, and nitrogen dioxide is removed by a large carbon filter. In addition, large ventilation fans draw fresh air in through both entrances, and air from the middle of the tunnel is expelled through a ventilation shaft to Tynjadalen.

title: Lærdal Tunnel


text:
Culture of Kraków

Kraków is considered by many to be the cultural capital of Poland. It was named the European Capital of Culture by the European Union for the year 2000. The city has some of the best museums in the country and several famous theaters. It became the residence of two Polish Nobel laureates in literature: Wisława Szymborska and Czesław Miłosz, while a third Nobel laureate, the Yugoslav writer Ivo Andrić also lived and studied in Krakow. It is also home to one of the world's oldest universities, the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, and Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts, the oldest Polish fine art academy, established in 1818 and granted full autonomy in 1873.

Museums and national art galleries
Kraków has 28 museums as well as a number of art collections and public art galleries. They are separated into the National and City museums:

The National Museum established in 1879, which is the main branch of Poland's National Museum with permanent collections around the country, as well as the National Art Collection on Wawel Hill and the Czartoryski Museum featuring works by Leonardo and Rembrandt.
 * Wawel Castle National Art Collection is located at Wawel, the former residence of three dynasties of Polish monarchs. Royal Chambers feature art, period furniture, Polish and European paintings, collectibles, and an unsurpassed display of the 16th-century monumental Flemish tapestries. Wawel Treasury and Armory features Polish royal memorabilia, jewels, applied art, and 15th to 18th-century arms. The Wawel Eastern Collection features Turkish tents and military accessories.
 * Kraków National Museum with multiple branches in downtown Kraków, is the richest museum in the country with collections consisting of several hundred thousand items kept in big part in the Main Building but also in the nine of its divisions:
 * The Main Building (at 3 Maja St) serves as the chief venue for temporary exhibitions. The gallery of the 20th century Polish art (upstairs) houses nearly 500 works by Polish modern artists. Lady with an Ermine - Leonardo da Vinci (adjusted levels).jpg'', by Leonardo da Vinci]]
 * Czartoryski Museum and Arsenal (at Św. Jana 19), world-famous for Leonardo's painting of Lady with an Ermine. The museum has other old masters on display including a dramatic landscape by Rembrandt.
 * Manggha Museum of Japanese Art and Technology (at M. Konopnickiej 26)
 * Stanisław Wyspiański Museum (at 11 Szczepanska St)
 * The Gallery of 19th Century Polish Art in Sukiennice, with the collection of some of the best known paintings and sculptures of the Young Poland movement.
 * Jan Matejko Manor
 * Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum
 * Józef Mehoffer Manor

The City of Krakow has a Museum of Krakow that also has branches throughout the city:- Divisions:
 * Kraków Museum of History
 * The Main Building (at Main Market Square, Rynek Główny 35), devoted to the history of the city and its citizens with collections of maps, documents and city stamps, scepters and rings of Lord Mayors, guild objects, portraits of nobility, and the Kraków's famous Christmas cribs.
 * Town Hall Tower
 * Barbican
 * Krzysztofory Palace
 * Szołayski Museum
 * The Silesian House also known as Pomorska Museum
 * History of theatre in Krakow museum
 * Jewish Museum at the Old Synagogue
 * Hipolit Manor
 * Celestat, the Residence of the Sharpshooters' Society
 * Artistic Salon of the District of Zwierzyniec
 * Museum of National Remembrance at "Under the Eagle Pharmacy"
 * History of Nowa Huta Museum
 * Collegium Maius Museum of the Jagiellonian University. The 15th-century Collegium Maius is the oldest building of the Jagiellonian University featuring ancient lecture rooms, communal halls, former professors' quarters, library and treasury with the Gothic sceptres of rectors and the golden 'Jagiellonian globe'. The exhibits include medieval science instruments, old globes, paintings, collectibles, furniture, coins and medals. (See also: Collegium Novum)
 * Wieliczka Salt Mine, in continuous operation since the 13th century
 * Cathedral Museum
 * Museum of Archaeology
 * Polish Aviation Museum
 * Archdiocesean Museum
 * Museum of Independence
 * Armed Effort Museum (by appointment only)
 * Museum of Ethnography
 * Museum of Pharmacy of the Jagiellonian University
 * Museum of Geology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
 * Czartoryski Library
 * Museum of the Home Army (AK)
 * Museum of Photography
 * Museum of Natural History
 * Museum of Zoology
 * Rydlówka Manor: museum of the Young Poland movement
 * The Cricoteka Centre for Documentation of Tadeusz Kantor Art
 * Museum of Urban Engineering a.k.a. Transportation Museum
 * Galicia Jewish Museum
 * Muzeum Katedry i Zakładu Anatomii UJ CM
 * Palace of Art (See also: The Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts)

Festivals
Kraków is home to many different and unique street festivals, parties and parades. Most famous are its Nativity Cribs Festival held every December, the Jewish Culture Festival held at the end of June, International Jazz Festival held in April, Lajkonik Parade during the spring, and a number of indoor festivals held throughout the year. The extended list of Kraków festivals includes: (September 16–29)
 * International Jazz Festival (April)
 * International Film Festival (May)
 * Equality March in Kraków (May)
 * Juwenalia Student Festival (May)
 * Lajkonik Parade (June)
 * Enthronement of the Cock King (June)
 * Wreaths (Wianki) Midsummer Festival (June 24)
 * Summer in Krakow Festivals (June, July)
 * Summer Jazz Festival
 * Jewish Culture Festival (June 25 - July 3)
 * Krakow Summer Animation Days (July)
 * Festival of Military Bands
 * Street Theater Festival
 * Music in Old Krakow
 * Krakow Jazz Festival
 * International Summer Festival of Organ Music (July - August)
 * Folk Art Fair (August)
 * International Competition of Contemporary Chamber Music
 * Organ Music Festival (October)
 * Unsound Festival, electronic and alternative music (October)
 * International Film Festival Etiuda&Anima, international film festival (November)
 * Zaduszki Jazz Festival (November)
 * Festival of Animated Film
 * Christmas Market ('till December 26)
 * Kraków szopka Nativity Cribs Festival (first Thursday of December)
 * New Year's Party at the Main Square (December 31)

Theatres
Kraków is home to one of nation's most active theatre scenes and some of the oldest continuing performing arts companies. It is considered to be the second largest centre for Polish theatre behind Warsaw. It is home to both acclaimed productions by companies such as the National Stary Theatre, and the emerging companies supporting new generation of local artists. Among established theatres in Kraków with permanent stages often in buildings of historic significance are:
 * National Stary Theatre, a.k.a. The Old Theatre, at 1 Jagielonska St.
 * Juliusz Słowacki Theatre, at 1 Sw. Ducha Square
 * Bagatela Theatre, at 6 Karmelicka St.
 * The Ludowy Theatre, a.k.a. The People's Theatre, at os. Teatralne in District Nowa Huta
 * Groteska Theatre of Puppetry, at 2 Skarbowa St.
 * Łaźnia Nowa Theatre in Nowa Huta
 * The Krakow VARIETE Theatre

Music
Opera Krakowska one of the leading national opera companies, stages 200 performances each year including ballet, operettas and musicals. It has, in its main repertoire, the greatest world and Polish opera classics. The Opera moved into its first permanent House in the autumn of 2008. It is in charge also of the Summer Festival of Opera and Operetta.

Cracow is home to two major Polish festivals of early music presenting forgotten Baroque oratorios and operas: Opera Rara and Misteria Paschalia. Meanwhile, Capella Cracoviensis runs the Music in Old Cracow International Festival.

Academy of Music in Kraków, founded in 1888, is known world-wide as the alma mater of the contemporary Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki, and it is also the only one in Poland to have two winners of the International Chopin Competition in Warsaw among its alumni. The Academy organizes concerts of its students and guests throughout the whole year.

Music organizations and venues include: Kraków Philharmonic, home of the Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra as well as the chamber Capella Cracoviensis, Sinfonietta Cracovia (a.k.a. the Orchestra of the Royal City of Kraków), the Polish Radio Choir of Kraków, Organum Academic Choir, the Mixed Mariański Choir (Mieszany Chór Mariański), Krakow Academic Choir of the Jagiellonian University, the Krakow Chamber Choir, Amar Corde String Quartet, Consortium Iagellonicum Baroque Orchestra of the Jagiellonian University, the Brass Band of T. Sendzimir Steelworks, and Camerata Chamber Orchestra of Radio Kraków.

Cultural centres
The City of Kraków is the largest public funder of the community arts initiatives among the city districts. Many neighborhoods in Kraków operate publicly sponsored cultural centres with the financial aid from the cultural department of the municipal government. Community centres with their many exhibitions, art classes, educational and music programs are perhaps the most noticeable cultural venues at a local level. They are paid for from the 4% of the budget of the city of Kraków (with revenue of 2,150 million złoty in 2006) allocated to culture and recreational facilities. Among the city's cultural centres are:
 * Nowa Huta Cultural Centre, at Aleja Jana Pawła II 232
 * International Centre of Culture, at Rynek Główny 25
 * Old-Town Staromiejskie Cultural Centre for Youth, at ul. H. Wietora 13/15
 * Białoprądnicki Manor Cultural Centre, at ul. Papiernicza 2
 * Catholic Centre, at ul. Wiślna 12
 * Rotunda Cultural Centre, at ul. Oleandry 1
 * Jewish Cultural Centre, at ul. Meiselsa 17
 * Teranga Centre of African Culture and Art, at ul. Kalwaryjska 48
 * Kurdwanów Nowy Cultural Centre, at ul. Witosa 39

Nightlife
There are over a hundred pubs and bars in the vicinity of the Kraków Market Square alone, most in the cellars of historic buildings, each with its own intimate character and atmosphere. Many of the establishments are devoted to live music as well. Jazz clubs include: Harris Piano Jazz Bar, Jazz Club U Muniaka, Pod Jaszczurami Club, Kornet Jazz Club, U Louisa, and Piec Art Club. Popular places to drink, eat, and enjoy, are situated also in the nearby Kazimierz quarter. The main square is home to a melange of bars and shops where the hundreds of different Polish Vodkas can be tried out.

Friday and Saturday nights are the high points of the entertainment week. Live entertainment fits all tastes. Jazz remains very popular and there is no lack of places for fans of rock, modern pop, ballads, including classical music. A number of restaurants in the centre of Kraków can seat more than 100.

Among Jazz musicians with bands are: Reiner Trio, Beale Street Band, Boba Jazz Band, Aleksander Glondys Quartet/Quintet (formerly: Al’Mad), Jazz Band Ball Orchestra, Janusz Witko Quartet, Mr. Bober's Friends, Cracow Swing Quartet, Old Metropolitan Band, Marek Bałata Jazz Singer, Andrzej Cudzich, New Bone, Sebastian Bernatowicz, Jan Pilch, Karolina Styła, Overtime, Piotr Domagała, Ryszard Styła, Jorgos Skolias.

Kraków Klezmer groups include: Kroke and The Cracow Klezmer Band.

Selected Folk bands: Krakowiacy Song and Dance Company, Students Highlanders' Ensemble "Skalni", Retro-Circus-Folk Band "Vladimirska", Nowa Huta Song and Dance Ensemble, Highland Folk Group Hamernik, Children's Highland Folk Group Mali Hamernicy and Folk Dance Group Krakowiak.

title: Culture of Kraków


text:
São Pedro (Angra do Heroísmo)

São Pedro (Portuguese for Saint Peter) is one of the five urban civil parishes of the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo on the island of Terceira in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 3,460, in an area of 3.66 km2. The parish has a median elevation of 7 m.

History
The first notice identifying the parish of São Pedro appeared in the first half of the 15th century, when it was then a convalescent retreat of Sé. In the testament of Pero Anes do Canto, dated 1543, when the nobleman indicated his interest in being buried in one of the hermitages of the parish.

In the A Fénix the church dedicated to the apostle Saint Peter was the third ecumenical parish of Angra: created in 1572 by Bishop Gaspar de Faria, who was the main benefactor, in addition to locals of the barrio. This included the area from the large water tank (chafariz das covas) until the gates of the old city., along with portions of São Mateus, Fonte Faneca and Terra-Chã (which in total amounted to 300 homes).

São Pedro was elevated to the status was confirmed by regal authority on 20 May 1575 (by then King John III.

Geography
The parish constitutes the western part of the urbanized zone and city of Angra do Heroísmo and includes both the historic, as well as suburban, areas (such as São Carlos, Pico da Urze and Bicas de Cabo Verde) of the city. The parish contains the localities Cais da Silveira, Pico do Urze, Nossa Senhora da Penha de França, São Carlos, São Pedro and Vila Maria. Bairro de São Pedro is included in the zone classified as public interest in the city of Angra, although it does not include lands classified by UNESCO as World Heritage. The territory between the Portões de São Pedro and Silveira, along with rest of the parish situated to the interior of the express-way (Via Circular), is included in the area designated as public interest.

title: São Pedro (Angra do Heroísmo)


text:
User talk:Saii

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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:42, 8 July 2020 (UTC)

Anarchism
Hi Saii,

I saw your work on articles related to anarchism and wanted to say hello, as I work in the topic area too. If you haven't already, you might want to our noticeboard for Wikipedia's coverage of anarchism, which is a great place to ask questions, collaborate, discuss style/structure precedent, and stay informed about content related to anarchism. Take a look for yourself!

And if you're looking for other juicy places to edit, consider expanding a stub, adopting a cleanup category, or participating in one of our current formal discussions.

Feel free to say hi on my talk page and let me know if these links were helpful (or at least interesting). Hope to see you around. czar 06:17, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Saii


text:
User talk:ToddBox

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 17:23, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:ToddBox


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User talk:ZorroIII

Found faulty interwiki links inserted by my bot? Please read the following:

My bot is a bot running standard scripts from the pywikipedia framework. All automatic jobs are run in autonomous mode. It does not invent interwiki links, it only follows existing links and adds links found on one wiki to the others. If the bot has added wrong links somewhere the underlying error must first be corrected. There is often nothing gained in only reverting the link or blocking the bot, as the next bot that comes along will probably put in the same faulty links.

Vz. 24 edit
Zorrobot have linked vz. 24 article with vz. 24, but although titles of articles are the same, vz. 24 article deals with rifle vz. 24, while article on russian Wikipedia deals with vz. 24 pistol (пистолет in Russian). Please notice the difference, and do not let bot repeat this mistake again. Thanks --ja_62 (talk) 15:34, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

 * My bot is a bot running standard scripts from the pywikipedia framework. All automatic jobs are run in autonomous mode. It does not invent interwiki links, it only follows existing links and adds links found on one wiki to the others. If the bot has added wrong links somewhere the underlying error must first be corrected. There is often nothing gained in reverting the link or blocking the bot, as the next bot that comes along will probably put in the same faulty links. ZorroIII (talk) 16:20, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Merge proposal of Floating storage and offloading unit and Floating Production Storage and Offloading
Hi. I proposed to merge Floating storage and offloading unit and Floating Production Storage and Offloading articles. Your comments are appreciated.Beagel (talk) 14:50, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Images listed at Copyright problems
Hi. Copyright problems no longer handles images. Blatant copyright violations are tagged with db-i9. Suspected copyright violations are listed according to the procedures set out at WP:PUI. I know it's confusing because the bot continues to make new pages for images at WP:CP, but the copyright image tag was deprecated and they were removed about three weeks ago. The bot's operator is not often on Wikipedia and has not attended to this matter yet. With regards to the images you listed there today, I will move them to PUI for investigation, but I wanted to let you know in case you encounter any more suspect images. Thanks for keeping an eye out for copyright concerns. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 11:48, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

Incorrect Bot Link
Hi! I just wanted to give you a heads up that Zorrobot added an interwiki link to Xavier University. However, the article to which it linked (in the Norwegian Wikipedia) was for a different Xavier University. I don't know if this is something the bot can correct or if it's more of an error on the Norwegian Wiki end. The note at the top of the page says that the bot will probably add it back in later, so I didn't know if there were any steps I could take. Any advice would be appreciated. Cheers!  TN ‑  X   - Man  20:54, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

 * If any interwikibot adds a wrong link, replace it with a correct one, but make sure that you do that on all the wikis involved. If you forget one some bot will eventually find it and add it back. Make sure that there are no remaining wrong links on the other wiki. Example: If article A on one wiki is wrongly linked to article B on another wiki, the wrong link must be removed from both article A and B, and all related wikis. ZorroIII (talk) 20:16, 16 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, that's kinda of an issue. There is no correct article to which the bot can link! Here on the English wiki, there are two Xavier University articles (one in Cincinnati, OH and one in Louisiana). However, on the Norwegian wiki, only the article on the university in Louisiana exists. The bot linked the Cincinnati article (English) with the Louisiana article (Norwegian). If I move the interwiki link to the correct English article, should that fix the issue? Thanks for your help!  TN ‑  X   - Man  20:27, 16 October 2008 (UTC)
 * If there's an incorrect link it must be removed from all involved wikis, or some bot will eventually add it back. ZorroIII (talk) 21:12, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

The Citadel (military college)
Please stop this bot from adding video game references to an article about a Military College. They are inappropriate links.--Vidkun (talk) 15:34, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

 * The bot only follows existing links added by others. See this edit. ZorroIII (talk) 19:59, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

Jøa, not Joa.
Your bot is erroneously adding iw-links to the Norsk (nynorsk), the Norsk (bokmål) and the English articles called "Jøa". The Español article "Joa" has nothing to do with "Jøa". The Norwegian/Danish letter "ø" has nothing to do with the letter "o", so please ensure that your bot doesn't get them mix up. --Sigmundg (talk) 16:31, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Read the text in the red box on the top of this page. ZorroIII (talk) 20:28, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

wrong IW
Your bot added the wrong link to Philip Traherne. it's a different person. Please correct this and make sure that your bot works properly before you let it loose again. Xxanthippe (talk) 21:50, 16 November 2011 (UTC).

 * Read the text in the red box on the top of this page. ZorroIII (talk) 05:44, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I have read the text. I note above that other users have complained about the erratic operation of your bot. It is your responsibility to ensure that your bot makes the correct edits, and you should halt it until it can do this. Xxanthippe (talk) 06:17, 17 November 2011 (UTC).
 * You fail to understand how bots work. Your articles will not get correct interwikis if I halt my bot. My bot operate the same way as most if not all interwiki bots do. If my bot haven't added the interwiki you don't like, some other bot would eventually add it. And then you'd complain to them. So spend your energy on fixing interwikilinks that are wrong, rather than chase the bot that happened to pass your article first. See also Help:Interlanguage_links. ZorroIII (talk) 17:02, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
 * The Philip Traherne (incidentally not my) article does not have any incorrect links. It is your malfunctioning bot that is putting them in. It is also no excuse to claim that other bots will also put in incorrect links. You should fix your own bot first. Xxanthippe (talk) 22:56, 17 November 2011 (UTC).
 * My bot is working as intended. There is no fix to my bot, it is the people that put in wrong interwiki links some where that needs to be "fixed". A human person (not me) started this mess, my bot only made you aware of the error that that person made. Someone, on some wikipedia inserted a wrong interwiki link. My bot then followed that link and inserted it where it missed. ZorroIII (talk) 06:44, 18 November 2011 (UTC)
 * You are correct. Another person put in the improper link. My apologies for impugning your bot. Xxanthippe (talk) 03:31, 19 November 2011 (UTC).
 * No problems! ZorroIII (talk) 08:56, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

Michigan Militia
Hello Zorro III, I deleted a wrong link to Oklahoma City a year ago or so without further watching it. Now I find it again. The german link goes to a chapter of Oklahoma City, which is all wrong. This would eventually correspond to Oklahoma City bombing which is also wrong of course. To say it short: The link is wrong, since I´m not able to change, write or modify scripts I would be grateful if you could take care of that. Thanks in advance, I´ll be watching your talk page of course. Have a nice day --Izadso (talk) 22:21, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * (I read the article in the red box on top of the page, didn´t help me as my english is very poor and I don´t understand how and where to put (""). ) So thank you again if you could take care of that. --Izadso (talk) 22:26, 2 December 2012 (UTC)
 * I've deleted the interwiki-link from both the norwegian and the english article. It should not reappear. ZorroIII (talk) 17:54, 3 December 2012 (UTC)
 * So this all was the fault of the norwegians ;-) . Thank you again for you quick and friendly help. --Izadso (talk) 19:31, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

Talkback
Jason Quinn (talk) 03:11, 10 February 2013 (UTC)

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File permission problem with File:Lundehund-crop.jpg
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title: User talk:ZorroIII


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Light switch

Light switch was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP

non-encyclopedic. My summary would be: a light switch is a switch used to turn on and off a light. Trivial, sub-stub, not expandable (newbie test?). Also, dictionary definition. (Has only one link other than dead end pages.) RJFJR 17:25, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep Non-expandable? I can't see why Japanese toilets could be expanded and this one can't. Grue 18:00, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, inaccurate stub. Let someone else try another time. Wyss 18:23, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 21:34, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It doesn't do any harm to delete it, does it?  If somebody somehow has something encyclopedic to say on "light switches", deleting this doesn't stop them from writing the article.  --BM 21:58, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep This can easily be expanded. --Ld 22:13, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep some expansion has already taken place. Hopefully someone will add an illustration of the contacts etc. Kappa 22:34, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and request cleanup/expansion. More expandibility: Novelty light switch plates are a notable aspect of American kitsch folk art; the article could introduce this. Besides standard switches, it could explain how dimmers work, and light switches where you tug a string. Samaritan 23:22, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and, hopefully, expand. Dan100 00:01, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I remember reading an interesting "How Things Work" article when I was a child about light switches; this is easily within the bounds of encyclopedic knowledge.  --LostLeviathan 00:08, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, looks like a good start to me. Shane King 00:13, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and expand. --Dbenbenn 01:50, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Poor article with reasonable potential for expansion. Lots of room for historical discussion. How toggle switches work... how mercury switches were popular because of their silent operation but are now considered dangerous because of the mercury in them... home light switch styles. In the USA light switches are on in the upward position and off in the downward position, but in England in the late 1950s the reverse was true; what's the case today? How many companies manufacture light switches? It seems as if Levitan has a huge share of the market... [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 03:09, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep Yuckfoo 04:52, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perfectly valid article. Lots to say on sparking, master/subordinate switches, dimmers, safety cutoff switches etc. [[User:GeorgeStepanek|GeorgeStepanek\talk ]] 06:27, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Light switches turn me on.  I mean, no.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 08:26, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Comment: is anyone willing to do a article on Toilet Paper?? seriously, no toilet papar article?! Fledgeling 05:41, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * There is, there is... it's at Toilet paper. Grue 15:35, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. --Melaen 14:58, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Comment/question: is the standard procedure for this material to be copied to the article's talk page at the end of the vote? Because there are some good comments here for improving the article that I'd hate to be lost.RJFJR 03:35, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * This page will be archived in place; the comments here will remain available. Dbenbenn 04:25, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep - David Gerard 23:04, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - I have examples of light switches of several styles and vintages in my flat. I know nothing about how they came to be, but I expect someone does.Philip 03:17, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Neilworms~enwiki

User:Neilworms

title: User:Neilworms~enwiki