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Andrew Jackson Davis

Andrew Jackson Davis (August 11, 1826 – January 13, 1910) was an American Spiritualist, born in Blooming Grove, New York.

Early years
Davis was the son of a shoemaker and had little education. From age 14, Davis claimed to be able to diagnose illness via clairvoyance. In 1843 he heard lectures in Poughkeepsie on animal magnetism, the precursor of hypnotism, and came to perceive himself as having remarkable clairvoyant powers. In the following year he received, he said, spiritual messages telling him of his life work. He described himself as "the Poughkeepsie Seer".

Work
For the next three years (1844–1847) he practiced magnetic healing, a form of therapy regarded as pseudoscience, and in 1847 he published The Principles of Nature, Her Divine Revelations, and a Voice to Mankind, which in 1845 he had dictated while in a trance to his scribe, William Fishbough. He lectured with little success and returned to writing books, publishing about 30 in all, including
 * The Principles of Nature, Her Divine Revelations, and a Voice to Mankind. (1847).
 * The Great Harmonia (1850–1861), an encyclopaedia in six volumes;
 * The Philosophy of Special Providences (1850), which with its evident rehash of old arguments against special providences and miracles would seem to show that Davis's inspiration was literary;
 * The Philosophy of Spiritual Intercourse; Being an Explanation of Modern Mysteries. (1851).
 * The Present Age and Inner Life; a Sequel to Spiritual Intercourse, Modern Mysteries Classified and Explained. (1853).
 * The Penetralia; Being Harmonial Answers to Important Questions (1856), which allegedly predicted the development of the automobile, road systems, typewriter, and other modern technology years if not decades before they were developed, and claimed the speed of light was 200,000 miles per second 94 years before it was scientifically calculated by Louis Essen showing the true speed was 186,000 miles per second.
 * The Magic Staff: An Autobiography (1857), which was supplemented by Arabula: or, The Divine Guest. Containing a New Collection of New Gospels (1867), the gospels being those according to St. Confucius, St. John (John Greenleaf Whittier), St. Gabriel (Gabriel Derzhavin), St. Octavius (Octavius Frothingham), St. Gerrit (Gerrit Smith), St. Emma (Emma Harding), St. Ralph (Ralph Waldo Emerson), St. Selden (Selden J. Finney), St. Theodore (Theodore Parker), and others;
 * A Stellar Key to the Summer Land (1868);
 * Tale of a Physician, or, The Seeds and Fruits of Crime (1869)
 * The Fountain with Jets of New Meanings (1870)
 * Views of Our Heavenly Home (1878)

Influences and legacy
Davis was much influenced by Swedenborg and by the Shakers, who reprinted his panegyric praising Ann Lee in the official work Sketch of Shakers and Shakerism (1884).

In writing his 1845 short story "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar", Edgar Allan Poe was informed by Davis's early work after having attended one of his lectures on mesmerism.

Davis's complete library is now housed within the Edgar Cayce Library.

Davis described the concept of Summerland as an undefined location where souls go after death, the secular nature of which was attractive to some non-religious spiritualists.

Critical reception
In 1855, Davis' spiritualism received an extensive critical analysis by theologian Asa Mahan: [https://archive.org/details/modernmysteries00swedgoog/page/n24 ''Modern Mysteries Explained and Exposed. In Four Parts. I. Clairvoyant Revelations of A. J. Davis...''] A defender of Davis published an 80-page pamphlet attacking Mahan's analysis.

Regarding Davis' book The Principles of Nature, Joseph McCabe has noted "There is no need to examine the book seriously. The scientific errors and crudities of it release any person from considering whether there was any element of revelation in it... Moreover, Davis was a palpable cheat. He maintained that up to that date he had read only one book in his life, and that book was a novel. We know from his admirers that this was not true, and any person can recognize in his pages a very crude and badly digested mess of early scientific literature." Davis also plagiarised long passages from Swedenborg in The Principles of Nature, which some of Davis's believers take as proof that Davis was inhabited by Swedenborg.

Physician James Joseph Walsh was unconvinced Davis was a genuine clairvoyant. Walsh wrote that although Davis stated that he had only ever read one novel, this was not true as he had read Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation and there was evidence he had read books on sociology.

The spiritualist writings of Davis have been criticized by scientists and skeptics for containing inaccuracies and false information. For example, in one case, Davis seemed unaware that water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen. Researcher Georgess McHargue pointed out that the supposed "scientific" passages from his writings are filled with "gobbledegook as to put it in the class with the most imaginative vintage science fantasy."

title: Andrew Jackson Davis


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John S. Battle

John Stewart Battle (July 11, 1890 – April 9, 1972) was an American lawyer and politician who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly and as the 56th Governor of Virginia (from 1950 to 1954).

Early and family life
Battle was born in 1890 in New Bern, Craven County, North Carolina to Rev. Henry Battle and his wife. His paternal grandfather, Alabama lawyer and former Confederate General Cullen Battle, moved to North Carolina when John was a boy and became a newspaper editor as well the mayor of New Bern. He also lectured concerning his wartime experiences and the Lost Cause at various locations in North Carolina and Virginia. General Battle moved in with his son's family after his wife died. Rev. Battle moved his family several times during John's childhood, including to Petersburg, Virginia. After graduating from high school, John Battle traveled to Asheville, North Carolina and earned an associate's degree from Mars Hill College (then a junior college). He then earned a bachelor's degree from Wake Forest University (then a college) and a law degree from the University of Virginia.

Political career
Battle won election to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1929, and was re-elected twice to the part-time position. A member of the Byrd Organization, Battle began serving in the Virginia State Senate in 1934, and that part-time service continued until 1949, when he resigned upon winning the gubernatorial election.

With the assistance of Virginia Beach boss Sidney Kellam, Battle defeated "anti" Byrd Organization leader Francis Pickens Miller in the Democratic primary, by depicting him as a liberal and controlled by labor unions, and nearly ignoring his other opponents (Horace Edwards and Petersburg businessman Remmie Arnold). Prominent Republican Henry Wise of the Virginia Eastern Shore even urged his supporters to vote for Battle in the Democratic Party to repel the "invasion by aliens." Battle won 43% of the vote; Miller 35%, Edwards 15% and Arnold 7%

During his gubernatorial term, Virginia's General Assembly approved $45 million for school construction, which barely kept pace with population increases. Per pupil expenditures and teacher salaries remained below national averages, and the state ranked last nationally in percentage of high school age children actually attending high school, and next-to-last in college age children going to college. Virginia also ranked 40th in appropriations to care for the mentally ill.

Battle was a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, and 1968. When the Virginia delegation was threatened with expulsion at the 1952 Democratic Party national convention for refusing to sign a loyalty oath to whomever the party nominated (U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd often disagreeing with President Harry S Truman), Battle delivered a speech to the convention that forestalled expulsion and helped prevent a split like the Democrats experienced in 1948. In 1956, Battle became the Dixiecrat candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination, eventually losing in floor voting to former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson.

After his term ended in 1954, Battle went into semi retirement in Charlottesville, Virginia, although he continued to practice law, including representing the Albemarle County public schools, who faced a desegregation lawsuit by the NAACP.

Battle's political ambitions continued, despite the national spotlight on Virginia and the Massive Resistance declarations by incumbent Senator Harry F. Byrd Sr. after the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1954 and 1955 in Brown v. Board of Education. Battle was prepared to run for the U.S. Senate in 1958 if Senator Byrd chose not to run for reelection. Former Governor (and then Congressman) William Tuck had similar ambitions and even more fiery rhetoric, and Byrd chose to run again to avoid the political infighting that would result from a Battle-Tuck primary fight.

In 1959, President Eisenhower called on Battle to serve on the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, citing his moderate history on racism.

Death and legacy
Battle died in 1972, at the age of 81, and was buried in Monticello Memorial Park in Charlottesville.

His two sons became lawyers and continued their father's public involvement: William C. Battle, (1920–2008) became United States Ambassador to Australia and president of the United States Golf Association, as well as the Democratic candidate for Governor of Virginia in 1969. John S. Battle, Jr. (1919–1997) became a Founding Trustee of the Thomas Jefferson Center for Free Expression, as well as served two terms on the Board of Visitors at the University of Virginia (1982–1990).

John S. Battle High School in Washington County, Virginia, built in 1959, bears his name. Battle Hall at the Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind is also named for the former governor.

Election
1949; Battle was elected Governor of Virginia with 70.43% of the vote, defeating Republican Walter Johnson and Social Democrat Clark T. Robb.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: John S. Battle


text:
National Liaison Committee for International Students in Australia

The National Liaison Committee for International Students in Australia (NLC) was first formed in 1986 in an attempt to combat the Australian Government's introduction of the full-fee paying international students program. Formerly a member of the National Union of Students (Australia),.

Organisational history
NLC was formed in 1986, in response to the need for a unified body to voice international students' concerns especially over the introduction of the user-pay system for international students tuition fee by the Australian government. NLC was the peak representative body in Australia for all international students. It stood for quality education, equitable welfare and multicultural understanding. Until 2009, it was recognised as the national representative body for international students by the Australia Federal Government. In 2009 the leadership of the NLC was expelled from the NUS. This in turn caused the NLC to lose recognition from peak education bodies (Universities Australia, ACPET, TAFE Directors Australia, and English Australia), Federal and State Governments and education providers.

NLC was officially incorporated in 1998 and its official legal name is National Liaison Committee for International Students in Australia Inc. Until 2009 the NLC worked in conjunction with National Union of Students of Australia and fulfilled its role as a peak representative organisation by taking the role of the International Students Committee of the National Union of Students of Australia (NUS).

The NLC had developed strong relationships with many stakeholders in the international education industry. These included, Australian Education International (AEI), IDP Education Australia, State Government Education Departments, International Student Adviser Network Australia (ISANA), all four OSHC providers, National Tertiary Education Union, Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee, IELTS, English Australia, and most international education departments throughout Australian Universities. Since 2009 many of these relationships have been fundamentally compromised.

The NLC had helped to achieve changes in the international education industry over between 1986 and 2009. These included the deregulation of the overseas student health cover industry, contributions to the ESOS Act reviews in 2006, 2000, 2004 and in 1996, changes to immigration regulations, such as extensions of sunset clauses on permanent residency changes. In 2008 the NLC was currently working on re introducing public transport concession for international students in NSW and Victoria and ensuring quality education.

The NLC had 42 affiliated university campus international student organisations, from 31 public and 2 private universities, and drew its membership primarily from university students, claiming a representation of 303,000 international students in Australia. It contributed to Federal and State Government inquiries and processes into changing and improving international education in Australia.

However, as of 2013, New South Wales Premier along with New South Wales Police Department, 11 universities and NSW Museum issues a warning regards NLC and its OSA activities. They have been accused of collecting personal data from student which is considered illegal. Their current website have been taken down as a result.

Stance
The NLC has been critical of increasing exploitation of full fee paying international students, describing the current international student issues as having begun in 1986 with the introduction of full fees, and claiming that students are exploited in abusive visa schemes which do not result in real educational benefits. The NLC has also criticised the formation of student ghettos due to the poor integration of international and domestic students in Universities and the lack of welfare support for international students causing the development of in-group peer reliance structures. According to Eric Pang in 2008, then the president of the NLC, many international students had claimed "There's not much international students can learn from Australia in terms of culture, or in terms of English. After all, the standard of English of Australian students is not high anyway."

2009
In 2009 the NLC was accused of bullying, was forcibly disaffiliated from the NUS, and recognition has been refused by the University of New South Wales and the University of Sydney. Later in 2009 other international student groups, the Australian Federation of International Students and the Federation of Indian Students of Australia claimed that the NLC had made legal threats regarding their operation in Victoria.

2013
In 2013, NSW Premier issued warning regards NLC and its sub group OSA, stating that they have been involved taking private data from student illegally. NSW Office of Fair Trading has also launched an investigation about the bogus "SafetyCard" issued by NLC, about the non-existent discount in public services and extra protection from police. As a result, their website, which contain the infringed NSW government logo and NSW Police logo have been taken down.


text:
Ólafur Ingi Skúlason

Ólafur Ingi Skúlason (born 1 April 1983) is an Icelandic former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the manager of Iceland national under-19 football team and the Iceland national under-15 women's team.

Club career
Ólafur was born in Reykjavík, Iceland, where he played for Fylkir. After the Icelandic season had come to a close, he was looking for new employment, and found it with Arsenal on 1 July 2001. Ólafur was loaned back to Fylkir over a part of the 2003 season, and was voted the best young player in the Icelandic league 2003.

His Arsenal debut came on 2 December 2003 in a 5–1 defeat of Wolverhampton Wanderers, replacing Justin Hoyte after 55 minutes of the match. Ólafur was released by Arsenal on 28 May 2005. He signed for Brentford on 22 June 2005. Upon his arrival at Brentford, the club's website quoted him as saying: "I look at this as a very important move for my career, knowing that manager Martin Allen had been interested in signing me for a while was a huge compliment for me."

In the second game of the 2005–06 season, Ólafur suffered a cruciate and medial ligament injury resulting from a tackle with Chesterfield's Derek Niven, which ruled him out for the rest of the season. He was passed fit for the start of the 2006–07 season and completed his comeback by scoring the winner in a 1–0 win over Blackpool, the first game of the season. He signed for Helsingborgs IF on 21 February 2007. After three successful years in Helsingborg, Ólafur turned down a new contract offer and signed for Danish team SønderjyskE on 6 December 2009.

A year later Ólafur signed for Zulte Waregem in Belgium and stayed there for four years. He then plied his trade in Turkey for a few years before returning to Fylkir.

Ólafur returned to former club Fylkir in 2018.

International career
Ólafur earned his first cap for Iceland in a friendly against Mexico on 20 November 2003 as a substitute, replacing Veigar Páll Gunnarsson. He has also captained their U21 team.

Although playing almost 30 international games for over ten years, Ólafur never quite managed to become a regular first team member of the Icelandic team. He was, however, a useful squad member and played three games as a substitute in Iceland's successful qualification for Euro 2016, including Iceland's famous win over the Netherlands in Amsterdam. He was not selected for Iceland's Euro 2016 team.

In May 2018 he was named in Iceland's 23-man squad for the 2018 World Cup in Russia.

Career statistics

 * Scores and results list Iceland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ólafur goal.

title: Ólafur Ingi Skúlason


text:
Reciprocating compressor

A  reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive-displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure. Pressures of up to 5,000 psig are commonly produced by multistage reciprocating compressors.

The intake gas enters the suction manifold, then flows into the compression cylinder where it gets compressed by a piston driven in a reciprocating motion via a crankshaft, and is then discharged. Applications include railway and road vehicle air brake systems oil refineries, gas pipelines, oil and gas production drilling and well services, air and nitrogen injection, offshore platforms, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants, air conditioning, and refrigeration plants. One specialty application is the blowing of plastic bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

In the ionic liquid piston compressor many seals and bearings were removed in the design as the ionic liquid does not mix with the gas. Service life is about 10 times longer than a regular diaphragm compressor with reduced maintenance during use, energy costs are reduced by as much as 20%. The heat exchangers that are used in a normal piston compressor are removed as the heat is removed in the cylinder itself where it is generated. Almost 100% of the energy going into the process is being used with little energy wasted as reject heat.

title: Reciprocating compressor


text:
Talk:The Sundays

Discussion
Has any band ever remade "Here's Where the Story Ends"? If so, then who?Jaberwocky6669 03:44, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * Tin Tin Out --UK
 * Flowchart (from their hollow sky ep) --Ciotog 06:50, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Faye Wong (singing a loosely translated version in Cantonese) --Ciotog 06:50, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Indie band The Bellows (from the tribute compilation "Our Finest Hour") --Ciotog 06:50, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Brandon Milner (spoof: "Here's Where the Bar Tab Ends" as Stinky Breath Jenkins, also from "Our Finest Hour") --Ciotog 06:50, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

A number of songs have been registered under Harriet Ella Wheeler with US licensing group BMI outside of the official releases. They are as of November 29, 2006: "Gib Mir Den Wein" (written by Bruce Low), "Leave My Money Alone" (by Teddy McRae), "My Mood" (with Eve Morris), "Nonsense or Intelligence" (by Sidney J. Wyche), "Spanish Town Rhumba" (by Sam Taylor and Leo Stephens), "Thanks for the Roses" (by Sidney J. Wyche), "Why Did I Cry" (by Leo Stephens). All are published under the name "Wheeler Music Co.", and are predominently jazz songs from the 40s and 50s.

Picture
This page didn't have a usable(free from copyright restrictions)picture so I added a painting I did of Harriet. I don't know if this constitutes original research though. My expectation is that it will be replaced with a picture that:

 * 1) Comes from a fan who took a photograph and is willing to release it free of copyright restrictions
 * 2) Comes from the band or their management angered over this picture representing the band

Until then, I hope its presence here will force someone to get on it. I will then delete my painting at that time. Slffea 01:47, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

 * On February 13th, 2007, I removed my image. I did not want to, but after a lengthydebate, I decided it wasn't worth trying to convince an admin and another editor why it should stay. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Slffea (talk • contribs) 07:26, 14 February 2007 (UTC).

Article style
This article really doesn't rise to the neutrally informative quality of a typical Wikipedia article. It reads a lot more like worshipful liner notes. Can someone please tackle a rewrite?

Jim Jiminee
I added a "dubious" tag to the reference that Harriet sang with Jim Jiminee, simply because other than this one reference which has been repeated elsewhere, no evidence exists to back it up. For example, Harriet is never attributed on ANY Jim Jiminee album that I've seen (not that I've seen many). The female singer in Jim Jiminee was Delphi Newman, who's voice is clearly different from Harriet's. Perhaps Harriet was a backup singer during some period of Jim Jiminee's history, but I'd like to hear from someone with direct experience to back this up. Ciotog 11:33, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Her work for Jim Jiminee probably happened before they recorded an album. This is probably true of other bands Harriet was in so it's still worth putting in the article.  For instance, she says in Melody Maker Dec. 5, 1992, page 34:

 * The B-52's: "Planet Claire" (from "The B-52's") "THIS is the album with all the fantastic handbags on the front. I played this all the time when I was in my late teens, although I don't know how I can rank it with the other records because it's so sort of ..stupid.  But I listened to it tons at the time.  I really liked the way the girls shouted in harmony.  My older sister and I briefly sang backing vocals in a hippy covers band and we used to stand on stage gigs at the local mental homes with our fingers stuck in our ears, trying to sing like Kate and Cindy.  Did we go down well?  At the mental homes, almost invariably yes."

 * I doubt we'll ever get a recording of her at that time, but I would still include it in any article of Harriet if I ever wrote one. You could say it has more credibility because it is a direct quote, but we don't know the sources of "Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music"(which in some ways makes Wikipedia better), so it's hard to say.  I also think the "Guinness Encyclopedia" is a reliable source.

 * Also, from Melody Maker, October 11, 1997, page 20, talking about bands Dave and Harriet had been in:

 * Both were once in Joy Division-worshipping bands. Dave's was called The Odd.  Harriet was in a school band called...Aerial Coffin!

 * Again, I think both are worth including in an article even though there's little chance of getting albums of these bands with either of them mentioned.Slffea 20:11, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Also, Lindsay Jamieson, who was a member of Jim Jiminee, played the tambourine on Reading, Writing and Arithmetic which you can see on the back cover.Slffea 22:47, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, certainly you would expect just about every band member in any internationally recognised band to have been in various "school" bands. I don't know how noteworthy the bands would be, however - who was the base player for Aerial Coffin, for instance?

 * I don't think these bands are noteworthy or even exist anymore. That's why I haven't included them in the Sundays article.  But I would put this in an article of Harriet because it tells us interesting things about her.  She and her sister are both singers so she may come from a musical family.  She enjoyed singing enough that she was willing to sing to the insane or mentally disturbed.  She was/is a big enough fan of "Joy Division" and the B-52's that she sang in similar sounding bands.  So these things are part of her musical education.  Of course it may be original research to make these inferences, but the facts themselves certainly are noteworthy, at least for the trivia section.Slffea 19:36, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Kevin Jamieson (Lindsay's brother) also toured with The SUNDAYS after the release of Static & Silence, and Nick Hannan of Jim Jiminee is Patch's brother. I'm not questioning that there are ties between Jim Jiminee and The SUNDAYS, but to say Harriet "was in the band" is a little bit of a stretch. I think it's more likely "Performed with Jim Jiminee at some live gigs, just for fun".

No offence to Kevin Jamieson, but I just can't imagine that The Jims would have passed up a chance to have Harriet as their lead singer :) Ciotog 13:20, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

I've also heard it said that the Guinness Encyclopedia is "Rife with typos and editing errors" ( http://www.spaceagepop.com/referenc.htm ). For example, it claims that Doc Severinson led the band that backed Merv Griffin, when it was actually Johnny Carson ( from http://www.amazon.de/Guinness-Encyclopedia-Popular-Music/dp/1561591769 ). What exactly does the encyclopedia say about Jim Jiminee? Stephen Thomas Erlewine's bio says that Harriet "...had previously sung with a band called Jim Jiminee", which doesn't necessarily mean she was ever an official member of the band.Ciotog 13:34, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * In Guinness, the exact quote says, "Harriet, who had already gained prior singing experience in a band called Jim Jiminee". This then brings up the question of what it means to officially be part of a band.  If you sang with a band for a year and then quit before they recorded an album, were you part of the band?  Some may say yes, and then some say no.  What would Pete Best say about this?  Was he ever a band member of the Beatles?  Regarding the Griffin/Carson switch, this is a big error but it seems more a case of confusing 2 famous talk show names.  The Jim Jiminee reference is very specific information.

 * "Jim Jiminee" has a myspace page. Maybe someone can do some original research and get details from them on what Harriet's involvement was.Slffea 19:36, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Heck, Lindsay Jamieson has a myspace page: http://www.myspace.com/albj Ciotog 21:44, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Has this research that was suggested been done? Beause if not...there still is NO reliable source for this information. Until such time as her involvement can be attributed to a reliable source (and mentioned by name), it should be removed from the article. NickBurns 16:07, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

Singles
What about the other singles, When I'm Thinking About You and Wild Horses? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 170.142.158.4 (talk) 17:59, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

did The Sundays really cover Toto's "I'll Be Over You"?
I've heard the song online but when i google it, no one seems to have proof that it's really them playing Budurski (talk) 13:31, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

"No, that's definitely not them. I've heard it, and it's absolutely not Harriet singing. Plus, the guitar playing sounds nothing like David."

Prologue
Does anyone know enough about the 2009 album "Prologue" to add info on it? Is it a different group entirely maybe? Jstohler (talk) 20:27, 16 December 2009 (UTC)
 * No, it's some J-pop band. Snied (talk) 12:26, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Rewrite
The sea of s is a pretty good indicator that something isn't quite right with this article. I intend to change it quite drastically soon, and as half of the article is inappropriate content that will mean rewriting most of it. The article will probably become a lot shorter as a lot of the existing material doesn't have a Wikipedia-compatible equivalent. If you have any objections now would be the time to register them! Snied (talk) 00:06, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I don't know what happened to you, but I have removed the fancruft, hear'say, bollocks etc. As you noted, this leaves bare details, but at least it looks like an encyclopedic article not a fansite love-in.

 * Derek R Bullamore (talk) 14:33, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on The Sundays. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090204160316/http://www.vh1.com:80/artists/news/515522/19990625/sundays.jhtml to http://www.vh1.com/artists/news/515522/19990625/sundays.jhtml
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140905025856/http://www.billboard.com:80/charts/1997-11-01/billboard-200 to http://www.billboard.com/charts/1997-11-01/billboard-200

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:00, 9 January 2016 (UTC)

friends from college
I add the line 'and in the episode 01x01 of the serie "Friends from college" (2017)' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.6.31.122 (talk) 21:39, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

Origin
In an interview from March/April 1990, Wheeler said the band formed in Winter 1987 in Bristol. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.108.216.87 (talk) 14:13, 12 May 2020 (UTC)

Merge Proposal
I've proposed merging Harriet_Wheeler with the Sundays because
 * 1. She gets her notability from her work with The Sundays
 * 2. She's not notable for any other work
 * 3. The Harriet Wheeler page accordingly has mostly information about her singing and songwriting with the Sundays that can be transferred or is already on this page.

U2fanboi (talk) 15:25, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Agree: She's never had a career outside of The Sundays, so it doesn't make sense for her to have her own page. And since she and her co-writer/guitarist in the band are a couple, it makes sense to put any relevant family-related stuff on that page, too. -- Hux (talk) 00:17, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Theme music to Newman and Baddiel
In the Static and Silence section, 'the only appearance of the band' in fact also included the teased use in Sept 1993 - well before release of the album - of mostly instrumental sections of the demo for 'Another Flavour' as the title music to Newman and Baddiel in Pieces https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnWl7Jm5IT4 - Theme music credited to The Sundays. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.184.110.210 (talk) 13:22, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Sundays


text:
Electroejaculation

Electroejaculation is a procedure used to obtain semen samples from sexually mature male mammals. The procedure is used for breeding programs and research purposes in various species, as well as in the treatment of ejaculatory dysfunction in human males. This procedure is used frequently with large mammals, particularly bulls and some domestic animals, as well as humans who have certain types of anejaculation. Electroejaculation has also been used for the cryoconservation of animal genetic resources, where semen is stored in low temperatures with the intent of conserving genetic material and future revival.

In the practice of veterinary medicine and animal science, it is common to collect semen from domestic ruminants using electro-ejaculation without sedation or anesthesia. Only in goats is mild sedation sometimes used. Because of the significant skeletal muscle contractions it causes, electroejaculation is not used in stallions — except in rare cases, under general anesthesia.

In humans, electroejaculation is usually carried out under a general anesthetic. An electric probe is inserted into the rectum adjacent to the prostate gland. The probe delivers an AC voltage, usually 12–24 volts sine wave at a frequency of 60 Hz, with a current limited to usually 500 mA, although some devices can generate currents of up to 1 A. The probe is activated for 1–2 seconds, referred to as a stimulus cycle. Ejaculation usually occurs after 2–3 stimulus cycles. Care must be taken when using currents greater than 500 mA, as tissue burns may result due to heating of the probe. The electric current stimulates nearby nerves, resulting in contraction of the pelvic muscles and ejaculation.

Variant names

 * Rectal electroejaculation (REE)
 * Trans-rectal electro-ejaculation (TREE)

Application to endangered species conservation
The procedure has been adopted and modified as an assisted reproduction technique for managing endangered species, to ensure the production of offspring from incompatible pairs of animals where artificial insemination is feasible.

Other uses
Electroejaculation may also be used for posthumous sperm retrieval in brain-dead humans.

title: Electroejaculation


text:
Charles Harold Davis

Charles Harold Davis (7 January 1856 – 5 August 1933) was an American landscape painter.

Biography
He was born at Amesbury, Massachusetts. A pupil of the schools of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, he was sent to Paris in 1880. Having studied at the Académie Julian under Jules Joseph Lefebvre and Gustave Boulanger, he went to Barbizon and painted much in the forest of Fontainebleau under the traditions of the men of thirty.

In 1890, Davis returned to the U.S., settling in Mystic, Connecticut. He shifted to Impressionism in his style, and took up the cloudscapes for which he became best-known. He eventually became a leading figure in the art colony that had developed in Mystic, and founded the Mystic Art Association in 1913.

He became a full member of the National Academy of Design in 1906, and received many awards, including a silver medal at the Paris Exhibition of 1889.

He is represented by important works in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington; the Pennsylvania Academy, Philadelphia, and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

title: Charles Harold Davis


text: User:Rj/Listmania

title: User:Rj/Listmania


text:
Assyriska FF

Assyriska Fotbollsföreningen, also known simply as Assyriska FF, is a Swedish football club based in Södertälje, Stockholm County. The club, formed in 1974 by Assyrian immigrants, has advanced through the league system and is currently playing in the fourth highest Swedish league, Division 2. They played in the highest Swedish football league Allsvenskan in 2005 where their games were broadcast in over 80 countries. The club has also played a final in Svenska Cupen, which was lost against IF Elfsborg in 2003.

Assyriska is often viewed as a substitute national team by the Assyrian people.

The club has a fan base from all over the world and has also their own pop song which is called "My Assyrian team – the team of my dream". A documentary film about Assyriska called "Assyriska: A National Team Without A Nation" was also made in 2006 by Nuri Kino and Erik Sandberg. The success of the documentary film made it possible to win the Golden Palm Award at the Beverly Hills Film Festival.

History

Assyriska Föreningen in Södertälje was founded in 1971 by ethnic Assyrian refugees from Turkey who belonged to the Syriac Orthodox Church. Three years later, a football team was started and played its first season in the lowest league in 1975. They advanced through the divisions and reached the second highest league, Division 1 (today replaced by Superettan), in 1992, as the first immigrant team ever. The team was however relegated in 1993, and the next few years, the club played every second year in Division 1 before managing to stay there for more than one season in 1997.

In 2003 Assyriska made it to the final in Svenska Cupen, where they lost with 0–2 against IF Elfsborg. On the way to the final, they won against IFK Göteborg with 4–1 and Djurgårdens IF with 0–4.

They lost a promotion play-off against Örebro SK in 1999, but five years later, in 2004, Assyriska was promoted to Allsvenskan, the highest league, for the first time as Örebro SK was relegated due to economical problems. Assyriska's debut in Allsvenskan went well in the beginning and they had a couple of notable wins against big clubs as IFK Göteborg with 0–3 and against IF Elfsborg with 1–3. However Assyriska were relegated after only one season in the Allsvenskan, where they finished last. Since then Assyriska had fallen into Division 1 North, but enjoyed a strong season in 2007 to finish champions and were promoted back into the Superettan.

At the close of the 2009 season Assyriska, having held off the challenge of rivals Syrianska FC to finish third in the Superettan table, faced Djurgårdens IF in a play-off for a place in the Allsvenskan in 2010. Assyriska won the first match at home 2–0 but were overcome 3–0 after extra time in the repeat. In season 2010, Assyriska finished 4th in the Superettan. But 2010 was a season in which football became irrelevant for Assyriska after the murder of player Eddie Moussa.

Since then, the team has made a series of mid-table finishes and remains in the Superettan for the 2013 season.

Stadium
Assyriska Föreningen's primary stadium since 2006 is Södertälje Fotbollsarena. Until 2006, the team played at the old stadium Bårsta IP.

Supporters
Assyriska Föreningen's official fan club is called Zelge Fans. They were first started 1993 by a group of Assyriska supporters in Södertälje. They were known as Neshre, which means eagle (or eagles) in Syriac. Three months after they launched, the club changed its name to Zelge Fans, Zelge meaning "sun rays" in Syriac. The sun rays are a symbol of the Assyrian flag, which is where the idea to name the fan club Zelge Fans came from. Most of the members are Assyrians, but the Zelge fan club also has many Swedish members.

Assyriska's fans are also growing in numbers as a result of the internet. During its early years, Assyriska did not have the mass means of communication to be able to spread their team information consistently to other mass Assyrian areas (Chicago, New Jersey, California, Toronto, Sydney, etc.). With the tech age, Assyriska has been able to spread its fan base outside of Södertälje and become known in over 80 countries. Acting as their national team, Assyriska represents the entire population of Assyrians throughout the world.

Assyriska has become a true symbol for Assyrians traveling to Sweden. Many make it their goal to watch an Assyriska match at least once when they travel to Sweden.

Retired numbers
18 – Eddie Moussa, forward (2001–2010)

Notable players

 * 🇸🇪 Mikael Ishak

Sports

 * Head Coach: Carlos Banda
 * Assistant Coach: Elias Merkes
 * Assistant Coach: Alexander Bernhard

League

 * Division 1 Norra:
 * Winners (1): 2007
 * Runners-up (1): 1999

Cups

 * Svenska Cupen:
 * Runners-up (1): 2003

Notable coaches

 * 🇩🇪 Peter Antoine (1999)
 * 🇸🇪 Bo Petersson (2002)
 * 🇸🇪 Conny Karlsson (2003–2004, 2009)
 * José Morais (2005)
 * 🇸🇪 Rikard Norling (2010–2011)

title: Assyriska FF


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Buddhabrot-deep

Buddhabrot-deep
This image was created by User:Evercat, the same person as the currently featured image Image:Buddhabrot.jpg. However, I consider this one to be considerably more beautiful. It looks like a great work of religious art. It is used on the page Buddhabrot and clarifies why some people feel Buddhabrot images to have a religious feeling. - 221.249.13.34 06:53, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. - 221.249.13.34 06:53, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. What ever will we do about the proliferation of brilliant images of things which are already featured? Matthewcieplak 08:18, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Enochlau 10:15, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd say keep the current one for the time being. Enochlau 04:53, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * As you say, Image:Buddhabrot.jpg is already featured. I don't think we should have 2, perhaps the other one should be delisted? Evercat 12:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support this shows the Buddha likeness much better. Delist the other one. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 12:45, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support --Thomas G Graf 19:31, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support, new one looks sharper. ed g2s  •  talk  22:19, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support --ZayZayEM 00:52, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support and delist previous FP Buddhabrot. -- Solipsist 11:12, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support new one and delisting BrokenSegue 19:19, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support new and delisting the old one. Janderk 17:11, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support new and delisting the old one. -- AllyUnion (talk) 02:15, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support new and delisting the old one.. (had to be different from the others ^_^) ugen64 03:51, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support new, support delisting of old one. James F. (talk) 08:33, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * New image promoted: +12 / - 0 and 1 anon — previous image demoted +7 / -1 -- Solipsist 21:14, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)


text: User:Rj/Reference

title: User:Rj/Reference


text:
Demand paging

In computer operating systems, demand paging (as opposed to anticipatory paging) is a method of virtual memory management. In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a disk page into physical memory only when an attempt is made to access it and that page is not already in memory (i.e., if a page fault occurs). It follows that a process begins execution with none of its pages in physical memory, and triggers many page faults until most of its working set of pages are present in physical memory. This is an example of a lazy loading technique.

Basic concept
Demand paging only brings pages into memory when an executing process demands them. This is often referred to as lazy loading, as only those pages demanded by the process are swapped from secondary storage to main memory. Contrast this to pure swapping, where all memory for a process is swapped from secondary storage to main memory when the process starts up or resumes execution.

Commonly, to achieve this process a memory management unit is used. The memory management unit maps logical memory to physical memory. Entries in the memory management unit include a bit that indicates whether a page is valid or invalid. A valid page is one that currently resides in main memory. An invalid page is one that currently resides in secondary memory. When a process tries to access a page, the following steps are generally followed:
 * Attempt to access page.
 * If page is valid (in memory) then continue processing instruction as normal.
 * If page is invalid then a page-fault trap occurs.
 * Check if the memory reference is a valid reference to a location on secondary memory. If not, the process is terminated (illegal memory access). Otherwise, we have to page in the required page.
 * Schedule disk operation to read the desired page into main memory.
 * Restart the instruction that was interrupted by the operating system trap.

Advantages
Demand paging, as opposed to loading all pages immediately:
 * Only loads pages that are demanded by the executing process.
 * As there is more space in main memory, more processes can be loaded, reducing the context switching time, which utilizes large amounts of resources.
 * Less loading latency occurs at program startup, as less information is accessed from secondary storage and less information is brought into main memory.
 * As main memory is expensive compared to secondary memory, this technique helps significantly reduce the bill of material (BOM) cost in smart phones for example. Symbian OS had this feature.

Disadvantages

 * Individual programs face extra latency when they access a page for the first time.
 * Low-cost, low-power embedded systems may not have a memory management unit that supports page replacement.
 * Memory management with page replacement algorithms becomes slightly more complex.
 * Possible security risks, including vulnerability to timing attacks; see (specifically the virtual memory attack in section 2).
 * Thrashing which may occur due to repeated page faults.

title: Demand paging


text:
Charles Davis

Charles or Charlie Davis may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Charles Davis (saxophonist) (1933–2016), American jazz saxophonist
 * Charles Davis (flute player) (born 1946), American jazz flautist
 * Charles Crawford Davis (1893–1966), American audio engineer and innovator
 * Charles Edward Davis (1827–1902), English architect and antiquarian
 * Charles Harold Davis (1856–1933), American landscape painter
 * Charles Davis (actor) (1925–2009), Irish character actor
 * Charles Michael Davis (born 1981), American actor and model
 * Charles Belmont Davis, writer, drama critic, and publisher
 * Charles K.L. Davis, Native Hawaiian opera singer and musician
 * Charlie Davis, American bandleader of The Charlie Davis Orchestra
 * The real name of the Scorpio Killer in Dirty Harry (1971)

Law and politics

 * Charles Davis (land purchase agent) (c. 1818 – 1887), New Zealand interpreter, writer and land purchase agent
 * Charles B. Davis (1877–1943), U.S. federal judge
 * Charles H. Davis (judge) (1906–1976), Illinois Supreme Court and Illinois Appellate Court Justice
 * Charles Russell Davis (1849–1930), U.S. Representative from Minnesota
 * Charles Augustus Davis (1828–?), Wisconsin state assemblyman
 * Charles W. Davis (politician) (1827–1912), Wisconsin state senator
 * Greg Davis (Mississippi politician) (Charles Gregory Davis, born 1966), mayor of Southaven, Mississippi
 * Charles Davis (Australian politician) (1884–1959), South Australian politician
 * Charles Davis (warden), American warden of Sing Sing
 * Charles Davis (Vermont judge) (1789–1863), Vermont attorney and judge
 * Charlie Davis (politician) (born 1965), member of the Missouri House of Representatives
 * Charles J. Davis (1910–1968), Michigan politician
 * Sir Charles Davis, 1st Baronet (1878–1950), Lord Mayor of London
 * Charles R. Davis (1945–2004), American educator and politician

Military

 * Charles Henry Davis (1807–1877), U.S. naval officer
 * Charles C. Davis (1830–1909), American Medal of Honor recipient
 * Charles P. Davis (1872–1943), American Medal of Honor recipient
 * Charles W. Davis (1917–1991), U.S. Army officer and Medal of Honor recipient

American football

 * Charlie Davis (defensive tackle) (born 1951), former American football defensive tackle
 * Charlie Davis (running back) (born 1952), American football player
 * Charles Davis (defensive back) (born 1964), American college football player and television commentator
 * Charles Davis (tight end) (born 1983), American football player

Basketball

 * Charlie Davis (basketball) (born 1949), American basketball player
 * Charles Davis (basketball, born 1958), American basketball player
 * Charles Davis (basketball, born 1984), naturalized Azerbaijani basketball player

Other sports

 * Charlie Davis (footballer) (1904–1967), English professional footballer
 * Charlie Davis (baseball) (1927–2016), American baseball player
 * Charles Davis (sport shooter) (1927–2018), American Olympic sport shooter
 * Charlie Davis (cricketer) (born 1944), West Indian cricketer
 * Charles Davis (American athlete) American visually-impaired runner
 * Charles Davis (boxer), American boxer

Others

 * Charles Henry Davis (businessman) (1865–1951), American businessman and civil engineer
 * Charles H. Davis (fl. 1890), gold prospector at Golden Fleece Mine, Colorado
 * Charles Davis (theologian) (1923–1999), British Jesuit theologian, famous for publicly leaving the Catholic Church in 1966
 * Charles Till Davis (1929–1998), American medieval historian
 * Sir Charles Thomas Davis, British civil servant
 * Charles Davis Limited, a department store company in Hobart, Tasmania
 * Charles William Davis (born 1947), American serial killer

title: Charles Davis


text:
Michael Jordan (footballer)

Michael William Jordan (born 7 April 1986) is an English retired football goalkeeper born in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire. He made seven appearances in the Football League for Chesterfield, having started his career as a trainee at Arsenal. He is currently the goalkeeper coach of Boreham Wood.

Club career
Jordan signed for Arsenal as a scholar in 2002, turning professional on 1 November 2004 after making impressive performances for the youth team. However, he never played for the Arsenal first team; the closest he came was appearing on the bench for a League Cup match on 9 November 2004 against Everton, a match Arsenal won 3–1.

After trials at Doncaster Rovers, and AFC Bournemouth, Jordan signed for Yeovil Town on 9 March 2006 on a month's loan as goalkeeping cover during an injury crisis. The loan was later extended until the end of the season, at which time Yeovil declined to make the deal permanent and the player returned to Arsenal. On 30 June 2006, Arsenal released Jordan.

In July 2006, Jordan was invited for a week's trial at League One side Chesterfield by manager Roy McFarland. The trial became a permanent deal, with Jordan playing six times for Chesterfield in the following twelve months. At the end of the 2006–07 season, Jordan signed a contract for a further year, but on 7 March 2008 he left Chesterfield by mutual consent after learning he would not be offered a new contract at the end of the season. He subsequently signed for Conference South side Lewes, and helped them to the league title and automatic promotion to the Conference National.

Following a trial with Stevenage Borough, Jordan spent some weeks with the club but was released without playing for the first team. He joined fellow Conference National club Eastbourne Borough on 29 January 2009 to provide cover for their first-choice goalkeeper. On 5 February, Michael was released from his contract with the Conference club, later joining Southern Premier League team Farnborough. He appeared 64 times in competitive games for them (54 of them in the league), before moving on to join Conference South club Boreham Wood in the summer of 2011. The following summer he was signed by Concord Rangers of Isthmian League Premier Division.

International career
Jordan has represented England at under-17 and under-19 levels.

Coaching career
He joined Ebbsfleet United as the club's goalkeeping coach in the summer of 2016, and later registered as a player in case of emergencies. On 16 November 2018 the club announced, that Jordan had left the club.

On 1 March 2019 it was announced, that Jordan had returned to Boreham Wood, this time as a goalkeeper coach.

Honours

 * Arsenal
 * FA Youth Cup: 2000–01

title: Michael Jordan (footballer)


text:
User:Rj/Misc

Entertainment

 * Thomas A. Dorsey (July 1, 1899 - January 23, 1993)
 * The Father of the Chicago Gospel Singing Movement (DoveSong Foundation)
 * Father of Gospel Music (The Chicago Historical Society)

Government

 * James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836)
 * Father of the United States Constitution (White House bio),  (The James Madison Center - JMU)
 * Dr. John McLoughlin (October 19, 1784 – September 3, 1857)
 * Father of Oregon  (Oregon Blue Book)
 * Ernest W. McFarland (1894 - 1984)
 * Father of the G.I. Bill  (U.S. Senate)

History

 * Father of History: Herodotus, (485–c. 420 BC), Halicarnassian (Persia)
 * Father of Church history: Eusebius of Caesarea (~275–339)
 * Father of American Catholic history: John Gilmary Shea
 * Father of historical criticism: William of Newburgh (1135–1198), English historian

Science

 * Thales of Miletus is regarded by many as the father of science; he was the first Greek philosopher to seek to explain the physical world in terms of natural rather than supernatural causes.
 * Chung-Yao Chao, Caltech PhD 1930
 * The discoverer of antimatter, father of atomic energy enterprise of China
 * Tsien Hsue-shen, Caltech PhD 1939
 * Father of China's rocket program
 * Paul MacCready, Caltech MS 1948, PhD 1952
 * Father of Human Powered Flight, invented the Gossamer Condor and the Gossamer Albatross
 * William Smith (March 23, 1769 - August 28, 1839) was an English geologist. Smith is credited with creating the first nationwide geologic map and is known as the "Father of English Geology". However, recognition was slow in coming. His work was plagarized, he was financially ruined and spent time in debtor's prison. The genteel practitioners of the new science of geology and founders of the geological societies snubbed the low-born Smith. It was only much later in Smith's life that he received recognition for his accomplishments.  In January 1831 the Geological Society of London conferred on Smith the first Wollaston medal. It was on this occasion that Adam Sedgwick referred to Smith as "the Father of English Geology".
 * Father of modern toxicology: Paracelsus said, "dose determines the poison". Paracelsus, who lived in the 15th century was the first person to explain the dose response relationship of toxic substances.
 * Mathieu Orfila is considered to be the father of toxicology, having given the subject its first formal treatment in 1813 in his Trait des poisons, also called Toxicologie generate.

Biology

 * Vladimir Vernadsky, a Russian scientist in the tradition of Mendeleev, is credited with founding the science of biogeochemistry.
 * Father of biogeochemistry
 * James Lovelock (b. 1919), English chemist
 * Father of the gaia hypothesis
 * Claude Bernard (1813 - 1878), French physiologist
 * father of the concept of homeostasis
 * Edward O. Wilson
 * American myrmecologist, sociobiology
 * Carolus Linnaeus (1707 - 1778)
 * taxonomy

Zoology

 * Father of entomology: William Kirby (entomologist) (1759 - 1850)
 * Father of systematics: Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778), was a Swedish scientist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. He is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology.

Mathematics

 * Euclid of Alexandria (Greek: Eukleides) (circa 365 BC – 275 BC) was a Greek mathematician, now known as "the father of geometry". His most famous work is Elements, widely considered to be history's most successful textbook. Within it, the properties of geometrical objects and integers are deduced from a small set of axioms, thereby anticipating (and partly inspiring) the axiomatic method of modern mathematics. Although many of the results in Elements originated with earlier mathematicians, one of Euclid's major accomplishments was to present them in a single, logically coherent framework. In addition to providing some missing proofs, Euclid's text also includes sections on number theory and three-dimensional geometry. The geometrical system described in Elements was long known simply as "the" geometry. Today, however, it is often referred to as Euclidean geometry to distinguish it from other so-called non-Euclidean geometries which developed in the 19th century. These new geometries grew out of more than two millennia of investigation into Euclid's fifth postulate, one of the most-studied axioms in all of mathematics.
 * Pythagoras was a Greek mathematician who is known as the "father of numbers"; it is believed that he had the pioneering insight into the numerical ratios that determine the musical scale, and the Pythagorean theorem is commonly attributed to him.
 * Diophantus of Alexandria is sometimes called the "father of algebra"

Technology

 * "Father" of the Apple iPod: Tony Fadell
 * "Father of information theory": Claude E. Shannon

Misc

 * In 1939, Dr. Frank W. Cyr of New York, who became known as The Father of the Yellow School Bus, hosted a 7 day long national conference of industry and school leaders which established 44 important safety standards and the yellow color for school buses all across the United States.
 * Sir Francis Galton (1822–1911) made important contributions to statistics and is known as the father of eugenics.

Future

 * Gabriel Bell (DS9, "Past Tense") (April 24, 1987 - September 3, 2024) During a 2024 revolt in San Francisco where federal employees were held hostage, he made sure the hostages were not harmed. In an alternate timeline, Bell was killed earlier and Benjamin Sisko stepped in to fulfill Bell's role in the pivotal historical moment. In a guidebook to Earth that Jake gave to Nog, Gabriel Bell is described as "the father of Earth's post-modern reformism," and shown with a picture of Sisko.

Theories
Theory

scientific theory wage theory auteur theory location theory tricellular theory critical theory

mathematical theory: group theory set theory field theory

 * biology and related : Theory of evolution
 * '''climatology : Global Warming Theory
 * computer science : Algorithmic information theory | Computation theory
 * games : Rational choice theory | Game theory
 * general : Obsolete scientific theories
 * geology : Continental drift | Plate tectonics
 * general humanities : Critical theory
 * literature : Literary theory
 * mathematics : axiomatic set theory | Chaos theory | Graph theory | Number theory | Probability theory
 * music : Music theory
 * other : Phlogiston theory
 * philosophy speculative reason (theory vs. practice)
 * physics (a mother of theories) : Grand unification theory | Quantum field theory | String theory | Superstring theory | Theory of relativity | Acoustic theory | Antenna theory | Theory of everything (TOE) | Kaluza-Klein theory | M-theory | Loop quantum gravity theory | special theory of relativity | general theory of relativity | Dynamic theory of gravity | Ether theory
 * planetary science : Giant impact theory
 * sexology and behaviour : Ladder theory
 * sociology and philosophy : Critical social theory | Value theory
 * statistics : Extreme value theory

title: User:Rj/Misc


text:
Space Rogue

Space Rogue is a space flight simulation video game developed by Origin Systems and published by Origin Systems, Wave Brain, and Night Dive Studios. The game was released in 1989 for Apple II and Commodore 64; the series was later ported to DOS, Macintosh, Amiga, and Atari ST. The game was also released in the Japanese language for PC-9801, X68000, and FM Towns. The FM Towns version had its intro remade with slight animations and new illustrations, along with scrolling Japanese text, and exclusive CD quality background music. Taking place within the Far Arm of the Milky Way galaxy, Space Rogue's main story revolves around the player character's efforts to pursue a career and undertake long-range goals beyond his immediate mission.

The game features elements of a role-playing game, like the much later X Rebirth and Elite Dangerous. It is notable for being the first game designed for Origin by Paul Neurath, who went on to found Blue Sky Productions (later renamed Looking Glass Studios).

Space Rogue can be considered as the spiritual predecessor to Origin's Wing Commander series. The press release for Space Rogue stated that it is "the first of its kind in science-fiction/3D space flight simulation. An ORIGIN Cinematic Experience", implying that Space Rogue was originally meant to be a series of its own ('Ultima in Space'), before later on Origin turned to the Wing Commander series instead. In 2016, Night Dive Studios reacquired the rights and re-released it.

Plot
The player takes on the role of a crew member aboard the Princess Blue, who was sent by his captain to investigate a small derelict spacecraft, the Sunracer class Jolly Roger. While he is on board the Jolly Roger, a group of aliens called the Manchis attack the Princess Blue using their Vulture class ships, destroying it.

Left only with the Jolly Roger, little money, and no ties to anyone, the player can decide his fate from there. He could engage in piracy, hunt bounties, become an interstellar merchant, or become embroiled in the interplanetary politics.

Gameplay
The game is played switching back and forth between a traditional top-down style role-playing game (e.g. Ultima) and a 3D space combat simulator (e.g. Elite). Visiting starships, space stations, outposts, planets, and so on. The player is able to travel from one solar system to another using the ancient Malir Gates' wormhole, a form of 'Star Gate'. A minigame of travelling through rings must be successfully completed before the player can reach his intended system; a failed minigame will cause an aborted interstellar travel.

During the 3D space flight part of the game, the game offers 3 points of view: first person, third-person, and cinematic.

There is also an arcade game called "Hive!" in the bars, that can be played by the player. The gameplay is a 2D top-down shooter, with the player moving on foot, attacking the incoming Manchis. The ship in the arcade game resembled the Sunracer class ship featured in the manual that came with Space Rogue. After completing five levels, the player can win money which can then be spent in the rest of Space Rogue.

Reception
Computer Gaming World called Space Rogue an "interesting" blend of arcade action, role-playing interaction and economic strategy.

In the January 1990 edition of Dragon, Patricia Hartley and Kirk Lesser called it a refreshing science-fiction game with crisp graphics that gives the players the feeling of flying in space. They concluded by giving it a rating of 3.5 out of 5, saying that it was an enjoyable adventure that offers a lot of action for a minimal investment.

Compute! stated that "the best of flight simulation and role-playing come together in Space Rogue ... believably and with style".

One reviewer for Zzap64 in 1990 wrote: "I thought Elite could never be beaten as the greatest ever space game, but after playing Space Rogue for hours on end I've changed my mind. This totally outclasses Elite and is the best Space Game for any machine!"

In the June 1990 edition of Games International, Mike Siggins was very disappointed in this game, calling it "an almost exact lift of Elite". He concluded by giving it a very poor rating of 2 out of 10, saying that the players should save the money and stick with the original.

title: Space Rogue


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cayley-Newbirth operation matrix

Cayley-Newbirth operation matrix
Cayley-Newbirth operation matrix was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

This is a suspect page, not verified by independent sources on Google and reminiscent of hoax pages in the names (Bayleigh is probably just from Cayley ...). The topic is also obscure and minor at best. Charles Matthews 07:04, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep and Cleanup This is not a hoax. Cayley is actually a rather well known figure in mathematics, and this is one of his lesser contributions to the world of pure mathematics, but this article is poorly written. Then again, most math articles on Wikipedia need to be rewritten so that they can be understood by someone other than a math major. —ExplorerCDT 07:19, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Vote above retracted, Delete This is a hoax. —ExplorerCDT 13:31, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It is not disputed that Arthur Cayley is a major figure; James Newbirth is not someone I have been able to trace. This is a well-constructed hoax (I assume - would not otherwise have lasted here) written by someone mathematically informed and literate. Unless I am mistaken it skates on the limits of saying something, but is actually meaningless - so cleaning it up isn't really an option. Charles Matthews 07:42, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If it is a hoax, it's at least 40 years old. It appears (albeit as the Cayley Operational Matrix, without Newbirth credited) via several mentions and footnotes in my 1964 edition of Handbook of Mathematical Functions from the U.S. National Bureau of Standards.  That alone leads me to think it isn't a hoax. —ExplorerCDT 07:56, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm grateful for the reference. If it does appear in Abramowitz and Stegun, a well-known text, perhaps someone can check what the content is. It is not indexed at .Charles Matthews
 * It's not in the subject index. Can you please provide a page number of one of these several mentions or footnotes?  It seems to be rather outside the typical subject matter of A&S.  -- Dominus 16:05, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps there is some confusion between this "Cayley Operational Matrix" and the concept of a "Cayley Operator Table" (or just "Cayley Table"? That is a valid mathematical concept, and indeed the suspect page appears to be an extremely confused variant of a Cayley Table.  Terry 04:56, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Odd, doesn't appear to be a hoax though. Most of the math makes some sort of sense to me, but I don't quite understand how one can compose two binary operators unless they're using some non-standard definition of compose; probably my fault and not the article's though, though it could do with a lot of cleanup. No vote yet.  --fvw *  07:59, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * Have to give this one a firm, solid and EXTREME keep, folks. —RaD Man (talk) 08:19, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * delete vanity/google test, possible hoax BACbKA 09:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Another "if I haven't heard of it, it can't be true", it would seem. Dan100 09:25, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * If it's a 40-year-old hoax that took in the National Bureau of Standards, that would be even more notable than if it is real. Either way, a clear Keep. -- Jmabel | Talk 09:42, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC) Delete. Apologies for presuming ExplorerCDT was telling the truth; I gather from the extensive comments below that he or she was not. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:36, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable. GRider\talk 20:26, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Is it the same as the "Caley Transform"? Is it possible Newbirth ought to be Von Neumann??   I found this quote "the Caley transform, which served to reduce the theory of unbounded symmetric operators(^*) to that of bounded isometric operators... ", which seems related.  Regardless, Keep, for reasons stated by Jmabel. --Key45 21:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The correct spelling is Cayley transform, on which we have an article: Cayley transform. I can see no connection. -- Jitse Niesen 23:48, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete if not verified. Mathworld has nothing about a "Cayley-Newbirth operation matrix" or "Cayley operation matrix", and hasn't heard of "Bayleigh" or "Newbirth". Math biographies at St Andrew's hasn't heard of "Bayleigh" or "Newbirth" either. "Cayley", "Bayleigh", "Newbirth", and "operation matrix" don't appear in the subject index of Abramowitz and Stegun. I'm willing to be convinced by citations, but at this point the article has no substantiation at all. Wile E. Heresiarch 21:45, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, please do a bit of research before tossing these off . Delete, my mistake, I fell for it, my apologies, especially for the remark. Wyss 22:02, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I did. Is there something you know -- such as a print citation -- that you're not telling us about? Wile E. Heresiarch 23:31, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I would be interested to hear about the research you did before tossing this off. Please enlighten us. --Dominus 23:42, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm pretty sure it is not Abramowitz and Stegun, regardless of what is said above (if it is in A&S though, I will of course vote keep). Neither Bayleigh nor Newbirth is listed in MathSciNet, a vast database of mathematics papers, and the three references to "operation matrix" in MathSciNet talk about clearly different things. I also looked into the Science Citation Index, to no avail (Bayleigh appears once as a misspelling of Rayleigh). At the very least it is not notable. However, as Fvw notes, binary operators cannot be composed, and the sentence "the result of composing addition with any other operator except addition is that of a multiplication operation" does not make sense, so I think it is a hoax. I do not know what more research one can do. -- Jitse Niesen 23:48, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) (via edit conflict)
 * Delete. I have examined Abramowitz and Stegun, and until and unless somone posts a page number, I won't believe it is in there. It's not a 40-year old hoax; it's an 8-month old hoax, one perpetrated with enough pseudo-mathematical nonsense to take in an uneducated or careless reviewer.  --Dominus 23:54, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless exact citation is given. Considering that the Abramowitz and Stegun Handbook of Mathematical Functions from the U.S. National Bureau of Standards is published in several places online, the fact that "Cayley Operational Matrix" gets zero hits seems to make some of the claims above suspect. Also, while my local public libraries' online DB has heard of Arthur Cayley, it has not heard of anybody Newbirth, nor Bayleigh, nor this matrix by any of the names suggested. The first two anons that added this article added too little else to make any judgements, but the IP that added it to the List of matrices has consistently been reverted as a vandal, for making edits, for example, changing the part of Internal combustion engine that said "depending" to "poopy ending". Niteowlneils 00:23, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless a citation is given. See below for my updated vote. --Carnildo 01:30, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. As someone with a Master's degree in mathematics, I can attest that this article is mathematical nonsense.  A group doesn't have multiple operations; something that has + and * is called a ring.  Furthermore, even in a ring, one never talks about "composition of operators".  Finally, I've never heard of Newbirth, Bayleigh, or the red-linked "operator equivalence symbol".  I specialized in geometric group theory; I would have heard of this topic if it wasn't a hoax.  Dbenbenn 03:40, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ditto Dbenbenn, plus this doesn't even immediately seem like an extremely useful concept to develop anyway. Dysprosia 03:56, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Looks fishy for reasons stated above. FWIW, none of the electronic journals I can search bring up results for "Cayley-Newbirth", nor anything relevant for "Newbirth", either. Mindspillage 04:29, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - asked an additional math nerd and they said it looked like nonsense too. -- Cyrius|✎
 * Delete. This seems to be made-up nonsense. -- Schneelocke (cheeks clone)   05:29, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, though I'm still kind of curious how this came into existence. Seems an unlikely hoax, and it's too applied for a crank theory.  --fvw *  14:35, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)
 * In my view, it's a cryptic clue (answer probably 'caesarian'). Anyway, there are things about it which are "no coincidence". Recent hoax edits have been posted to make a point about WP. Charles Matthews
 * I haven't yet seen any attacks on the factual integrity (god that sounds pompous, but you know what I mean) yet that are this subtle yet confine themselves to their own article which noone will stumble upon. There's obvious hoaxes and pranks, but the people trying to add subtle misinformation always do so to established articles people will actually come across. If this is a hoax, the only way people would find it is via random page or external links. And then there's also the fact that everyone who knows what a group is just scratches their head at this one, instead of putting a wrong year in their report or whatever else the consequence of a normal disinformation attack are.  --fvw *  15:06, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dbenben is correct; objects with two operations are rings.  A mathematically savvy writer wouldn't have made that mistake in a real article.  Also, someone needs to take a hard look at ExplorerCDT, as it would then seem that he/she has deliberately lied to us.  Isomorphic 22:54, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The article has been up for 8 months. You One can only leave so many clues. ;-) —ExplorerCDT 23:56, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Original intent. This line has gotten me a lot of undeserved grief. I  didn't even know Wikipedia existed when this hoax article was written. So stop fingering me.—ExplorerCDT 20:27, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, carefully investigate User:ExplorerCDT's other contributions for similar vandalism, and consider banning ExplorerCDT from editing. --Carnildo 01:02, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * There's an RfC on ExplorerCDT's behavior here at Requests for comment/ExplorerCDT 2 --Carnildo 03:16, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Clearly gibberish.  If it's a hoax, it's rather sinister. -- Walt Pohl 07:41, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Agreed, all worrying. See Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics for further discussion. Charles Matthews

 * Delete. My vote is probably redundant, but it is now abundantly clear that the page is a hoax or private joke and is certainly not serious mathematics.  Terry 00:05, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I think the editors who voted to keep should have a long think about their policy in voting. We have a go at deletionists who want articles gone without bothering to do any research; but wanting all articles kept without the same research is just as bad, if not worse because you are casting stones. Those who have called for ExplorerCDT's banning should probably remind themselves that this is the season of goodwill and the editor in question has probably been more silly than venal. Dr Zen 09:36, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article informs us that Cayley-Newbirth operation matrix outlines the effects of the composition of group operators on elements of a group.  (whatever "outline the effects of" may mean).  At the very least, it should specify how the entries of this matrix are determined. Some of the assertions are nonsense; for instance, those containing the expressions  + *  or + * . What does composition of + and * mean exactly?  This is a poorly constructed practical joke by someone vaguely familiar with mathematical terminology. Probably having a couple of books on basic algebra and a book on classical mechanics would be enough. The final sentence It is possible to express the Hamiltonian of a time-independent mechanical system in terms of Cayley- Newbirth operation matrices is a dead giveaway that this is complete nonsense. CSTAR 03:41, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Also a joke on Cayley-Hamilton (as in Cayley-Hamilton theorem). Charles Matthews

 * Delete as a hoax. no credible references supplied.  mathematical nonsense.  edited by several known anon ip's with history of vandalism.  Michael Ward 23:14, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Gates of Heaven

Gates of Heaven is a 1978 American independent documentary film produced, directed, and edited by Errol Morris about the pet cemetery business. It was made when Morris was unknown and did much to launch his career.

Production
After a trip to Florida where he tried and failed to make a film about the residents of the town of Vernon, Errol Morris read a San Francisco Chronicle article with the headline: "450 Dead Pets Going to Napa Valley." This story about dead pets being exhumed from one pet cemetery and reburied in another became the basis for Gates of Heaven. For financing Morris borrowed money from family and friends, and the film was shot throughout the spring and summer of 1977, with the total budget estimated at $125,000. Production was difficult at times, with Morris frequently clashing with his cinematographer over the film's visual style. Morris ultimately ended up firing three cinematographers before finally settling on Ned Burgess, with whom he would work again on his second film Vernon, Florida. Morris had a falling out with his sound-woman when one of his subjects, Florence Rasmussen, said "Here today, gone tomorrow, right?" and she said "Wrong." Morris couldn't decide which had offended him more, that his sound-woman had interrupted Rasmussen or that she had said she was "Wrong."

Release
Gates of Heaven had its premiere at the 1978 New York Film Festival, and would play at various other festivals around the world before being picked up for a limited theatrical run by New Yorker Films in 1981.

Synopsis
The film, like Morris's other works, is unnarrated and the stories are told purely through interviews. It is divided into two main sections. The first concerns Floyd "Mac" McClure and his lifelong quest to allow pets to have a graceful burial. McClure's business associates and his competitor, a manager of a rendering plant, are interviewed. Morris reveals that McClure's business has failed. Dividing the two sections is an interview with Florence Rasmussen, an elderly woman whose home overlooked the cemetery. After this, Morris follows the 450 dead pets to the Bubbling Well Pet Memorial Park. This operation is run by John "Cal" Harberts and his two sons, Dan and Phil. This business is far more successful, and continues to operate today, run by Cal's son Dan Harberts. Throughout the film, the speakers touch on philosophical themes, as when McClure says "Death is for the living and not for the dead so much" or a grieving pet owner says "There's your dog, your dog's dead. But where's the thing that made it move? It had to be something, didn't it?"

Reception and legacy
Noted director Werner Herzog pledged that he would eat the shoe he was wearing if Morris's film on this improbable subject was completed and shown in a public theater. When the film was released, Herzog lived up to his wager and the consumption of his footwear was made into the short film Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe. At a seminar at the Telluride Film Festival, Herzog praised Gates of Heaven as "a very, very fine film, and it was made with no money, only guts." Morris recalls showing a rough cut of the movie to Wim Wenders, who called it a masterpiece. It also aired as an episode of P.O.V.

In an interview on the Criterion DVD, Morris recalls that he showed Gates of Heaven to Douglas Sirk at the Berlin Film Festival. Sirk warned Morris that "There's a danger that somebody might find this movie to be ironic." People are often unsure of the film's tone: is it sincere or satirical? Morris says he "loves the absurd" and that "to love the absurdity of people is not to ridicule them, it's to embrace, on some level, how desperate life is for each and every one of us, including me."

Gates of Heaven launched Morris's career and is now considered a classic. In 1991, film critic Roger Ebert named it one of the ten best films ever made in his list for the Sight & Sound poll. Ebert's television partner Gene Siskel shared his enthusiasm for the film. Ebert wrote that the film is an "underground legend," and in 1997 put it in his list of The Great Movies. Ebert wrote that Gates of Heaven "is surrounded by layer upon layer of comedy, pathos, irony, and human nature. I have seen this film perhaps 30 times, and am still not anywhere near the bottom of it: All I know is, it's about a lot more than pet cemeteries."

Home media
The film was initially released on DVD by MGM in 2005. In 2015 The Criterion Collection made it available as part of a new special edition DVD and Blu-Ray that also included Morris's second film Vernon, Florida.

title: Gates of Heaven


text: Category:Category schemes

title: Category:Category schemes


text:
Category:Chip carriers

Pertains to the packages that are used to provide larger, more robust assemblies for integrated circuit chips that are then soldered to circuit boards.

title: Category:Chip carriers


text: File:JumpingSpiderOnKnucklesRampant.JPG

title: File:JumpingSpiderOnKnucklesRampant.JPG


text:
Anthony Ray

Anthony Ray may refer to:
 * Sir Mix-a-Lot (Anthony L. Ray), American rapper, songwriter and record producer
 * Anthony Ray (producer), American actor, producer and production manager

title: Anthony Ray


text: User talk:66.143.159.178

title: User talk:66.143.159.178


text: File:RobMillsUpAllNight.jpg

title: File:RobMillsUpAllNight.jpg


text:
Ivar Asbjørn Følling

Ivar Asbjørn Følling (23 August 1888 – 24 January 1973) was a Norwegian physician and biochemist. He first described the disease commonly known as Følling's disease or phenylketonuria (PKU).

Early life and education
He was born on 23 August 1888 at Kvam, Steinkjer in Trøndelag, Norway. Følling studied chemistry at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim and graduated in 1916. He then went to the University of Kristiania (now the University of Oslo), graduating in medicine in 1922.

He received his cand.med. in 1929 after doing postgraduate work in Norway and abroad in Denmark, England, Vienna and the U.S. Starting in 1932, Følling occupied a series of medical posts in Oslo, culminating in his being Professor of Biochemistry and Physician-in-Chief at the central laboratory at the Norwegian national research hospital Oslo University Hospital. Følling was a professor of biochemistry at the University of Oslo for more than 30 years. He retired in 1958.

Discovery
In 1934 at Oslo University Hospital, Følling saw a young woman named Borgny Egeland. She had two children, Liv and Dag, who had been normal at birth but subsequently developed mental retardation. When Dag was about a year old, the mother noticed a strong smell in his urine. Følling obtained urine samples from the children and, after many tests, found that the substance causing the odor in the urine was phenylpyruvic acid. The children, he concluded, had excess phenylpyruvic acid in the urine, the condition which came to be called phenylketonuria (PKU). This abnormal condition reflects an inability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine due to a hereditary deficiency of the necessary enzyme which is called phenylalanine hydroxylase.

Perspective
Følling's discovery provided the basis for the so-called metabolic screening of newborns. Today a screening blood test for PKU is done on newborns to detect the disease. With a special diet low in phenylalanine, PKU newborns can grow and develop into normal children and adults. Følling's work was too late to save Liv and Dag from severe progressive mental retardation (and in Dag's case, death) but it has saved thousands of children since then. It has been said that: "Følling is by many considered the most important medical scientist not to receive the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine".

Honours

 * Fridtjof Nansen Prize for Outstanding Research - 1949
 * Knight 1st Grade of Order of St. Olav - 1958
 * Anders Jahres Award for Medical Research - 1960
 * Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation Awards - 1962
 * Gunnerus Medal - 1966

Death
He died on 24 January 1973.

title: Ivar Asbjørn Følling


text:
The Grace

The Grace or The Graces may refer to:

 * Charites of Greek mythology
 * The Grace (group), a South Korean girl group
 * The Graces (band), a late 1980s and early 1990s American band
 * "The Grace" (song), a 2005 song by Neverending White Lights
 * The Graces (Ireland), a series of proposed reforms in 17th century Ireland
 * The Grace, music venue at The Garage (London)

title: The Grace