text:
Talk:Liederkranz cheese

Category
Someone suppressed a link to the Category:American cheese under the impression that only processed cheese was American, overlooking Monterey Jack, Vermont Cheddar or Philadelphia Cream Cheese. Culurally constricted. --Wetman 05:23, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Wording
The wording of this article makes it look like it was copy/pasted into WP from somewhere else. Especially the last paragraph which uses the first person quite a bit and makes me think of some company's "about us" page. Does anyone know what's going on here? -- BillWeiss | Talk 22:45, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
 * This article was actually very good about two years ago, if I recall correctly. It just needs cleanup. If I get an hour or two free in the next day or so, I will take a whack at it. —ExplorerCDT 01:17, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Emil Frey
The 'Emil Frey' that this article points to within Wikipedia is not the same one as the cheesemaker. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.143.98.31 (talk) 01:19, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

"Liederkranz was created in 1891 by Emil Frey (1867–1951), a young Swiss cheesemaker in Monroe, New York, who created Velveeta there in 1923." This does not agree with the Velveeta article, which states, "It [Velveeta]was invented in 1908 by Caleb Hommel of the Monroe Cheese Company in Monroe, New York." Both products evidently came from Monroe, NY, but obviously one article, or possibly both, is wrong about the identity of the inventors. Bog (talk) 02:52, 31 January 2014 (UTC)

Bayrischer Bergsteiger
This is POV so I will not edit the article. I was a great fan of Liederkranz and was saddened to see it disappear. Inspired by this article, I tried Bayrischer Bergsteiger. It resembles Liederkranz in no way whatever, nor for that matter can I detect much Limburger in it. To quote another who tried it, it resembles Kraft Velveeta more than anything else. I suggest that the paragraph about this cheese does not belong here. 4.236.234.124 13:59, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
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Move?
Liederkranz cheese → Liederkranz — unnecessary qualifier (over redirect)   emerson7 01:32, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Object there are many usages for this term, even on Wikipedia. 76.66.197.2 (talk) 04:28, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Liederkranz is now a disambig page. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 07:22, 23 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose Qualifier still needed for most of the population to know what it is. --Labattblueboy (talk) 21:25, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

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If it is similar to Époisses ...
(as the article claims) ...then it has little or nothing to do with the cheese that was originally called Liederkranz. 2601:200:C000:1A0:F0EA:7A8:9B40:18C1 (talk) 20:36, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Liederkranz cheese


text:
2004 Brandenburg state election

The 2004 Brandenburg state election was held on 19 September 2004 to elect the members of the 4th Landtag of Brandenburg. The incumbent government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Christian Democratic Union (CDU) led by Minister-President Matthias Platzeck was returned with a significantly reduced majority. The Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) moved into second place, although polls prior to the election suggested it would become the largest party. The CDU fell to third place.

Background
The SPD had suffered losses in several state elections before Brandenburg. This was thought to be a consequence of the Agenda 2010 policy, a series of economic liberal economic reforms adopted by the federal SPD government led by Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. Many voters in eastern Germany turned to the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), while many in the west later turned to Labour and Social Justice, an SPD splinter party. In state elections, the SPD's growing unpopularity had chiefly benefited the CDU.

In Brandenburg, both Minister-President Matthias Platzeck (SPD) and his partner Jörg Schönbohm (CDU) supported Schröder's reforms. Both PDS and the German People's Union (DVU), which had entered the Landtag in 1999, campaigned in opposition.

Parties
The table below lists parties represented in the 3rd Landtag of Brandenburg.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 2004 Brandenburg state election


text:
User talk:Kerraudio

Welcome!

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[[User:Whosyourjudas|Whosyourjudas\talk]] 05:25, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kerraudio


text:
User talk:Paddy whack

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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[[User:Whosyourjudas|Whosyourjudas\talk]] 05:25, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Paddy whack


text:
Roads and expressways in Chicago

Roads and expressways in Chicago summarizes the main thoroughfares and the numbering system used in Chicago and its surrounding suburbs.

Street layout
Chicago's streets were laid out in a grid that grew from the city's original townsite plan platted by James Thompson. Streets following the Public Land Survey System section lines later became arterial streets in outlying sections. As new additions to the city were platted, city ordinance required them to be laid out with eight streets to the mile in one direction and 16 in the other direction. A scattering of diagonal streets, many of them originally Native American trails, also cross the city. Many additional diagonal streets were recommended in the Plan of Chicago, but only the extension of Ogden Avenue was ever constructed. In the 1950s and 1960s, a network of superhighways was built radiating from the city center.

As the city grew and annexed adjacent towns, problems arose with duplicate street names and a confusing numbering system based on the Chicago River. On June 22, 1908, the city council adopted a system proposed by Edward P. Brennan; amended June 21, 1909. The changes were effective September 1, 1909 for most of the city.

Addresses in Chicago and some suburbs are numbered outward from baselines at State Street, which runs north and south, and Madison Street, which runs east and west. A book was published in 1909 by The Chicago Directory Company indexing the old and new street numbers for most of Chicago. This volume is available online in PDF format indexed by initial letter, Plan of Re-Numbering, City of Chicago, August 1909. The opening text of the book says: EXPLANATORY The new house numbering plan passed by the City Council June 22, 1908, to be in force and effect September 1, 1909, makes Madison Street from Lake Michigan to the city limits on the west the base line for numbering all north and south streets and streets running in northerly or southerly direction. For east and west streets and streets running in a generally east and west direction the base line is State Street from the southern city boundary line to North Avenue, thence extended by an imaginary line through Lincoln Park and Lake Michigan.

The downtown area did not conform to this system until April 1, 1911, per an amendment to the law on June 20, 1910. Downtown was defined as Lake Michigan on the east, Roosevelt Road (Twelfth Street) on the south, and the Chicago River on the north and west. The addition to cover downtown was published, and is also on line as a pdf indexed by downtown street name.

This additional paragraph explained the downtown changes:

The 1909 address change did not affect downtown Chicago, between the river and Roosevelt Road, the river and Lake Michigan. The ordinance was amended June 20, 1910 to include the downtown area. The new addresses for the “loop” went into use on April 1, 1911.

Chicago house numbers are generally assigned at the rate of 800 to a mile. The only exceptions are from Madison to 31st Street, just south of downtown. Roosevelt Road (previously Twelfth St) is one mile south of Madison with 1200 addresses to the mile, Cermak Road (previously 22nd Street) is two miles south of Madison with 1000 addresses to the mile, and 31st Street (3100 S) is three miles south of Madison with 900 addresses to the mile. South of 31st Street, the pattern of 800 to the mile resumes, with 39th Street the next major street, 47th after that, and so on. Individual house numbers are normally assigned at the rate of one per 20 feet of frontage. Thus the last two digits of house numbers generally go only as high as 67 before the next block number is reached. Higher house numbers are found on diagonal streets and have sometimes been assigned by request.

The blocks are normally counted out by "hundreds," so that Chicagoans routinely give directions by saying things such as "about twelve hundred north on Western" or "around twenty-four hundred west on Division" (which both describe the intersection of Western Avenue (2400 W) and Division Street (1200 N)).

South of Madison Street most of the east–west streets are simply numbered. The street numbering is aligned with the house numbering, so that 95th Street is exactly 9500 South. "Half-block" east–west thoroughfares in this area are numbered and called places; 95th Place would lie just south of and parallel to 95th Street, and just north of 96th Street.

Every four blocks (half-mile) is a major secondary street. For example, Division Street (1200 N) is less important than either Chicago Avenue (800 N) or North Avenue (1600 N), but is still a major thoroughfare. However, this is not always the case; for example, on the city's Far North Side, Peterson Avenue (6000 N) is a more heavily trafficked street than Bryn Mawr Avenue (5600 N), which sits exactly at the 7-mile marker. U.S. Route 14 is routed along Peterson between Clark Street at 1600 W and Cicero Avenue at 4800 W, whereas Bryn Mawr is discontinuous, split into two segments in this part of the city by Rosehill Cemetery between Damen and Western Avenues.

Even-numbered addresses are found on the north and west sides of a street, and odd numbers are found on the south and east sides, irrespective of the streets' position relative to the corner of State and Madison.

Diagonals, even if they were to run exactly 45 degrees off of the cardinal directions, are numbered as if they were north–south or east–west streets. Examples are North Lincoln Avenue and Ogden Avenue, which bends at Madison and changes from North Ogden to West Ogden.

The northernmost street in Chicago is Juneway Terrace (7800 N), just north of Howard Street. The southern boundary is 138th Street. The eastern boundary of Chicago is Avenue A/State Line Road (4100 E) along and south of 106th Street, and the furthest west the city extends is in the portion of O'Hare International Airport that lies in DuPage County, just east of Elmhurst/York Road.

Street names
While all north–south streets within city limits are named, rather than numbered, smaller streets in some areas are named in groups all starting with the same letter; thus, when traveling westward on a Chicago street, starting just past Pulaski Road (4000 W), one will cross a mile-long stretch of streets which have names starting with the letter K (From east to west: Keystone (North Side)/Komensky (South Side), Karlov, Kedvale, Keeler, Kildare, Kolin, Kostner, Kenneth, Kilbourn, Kolmar, Kenton, Knox, Kilpatrick, Keating), giving rise to the expression "K-town". These streets are found approximately in the 11th mile west of the Indiana state line, and so begin with the 11th letter of the alphabet. A mile later, just past Cicero (4800 W), the starting letter changes to L, and mile by mile the letters progress up to P. Additionally, for most of the first mile west of the Illinois/Indiana state line, streets are lettered from Avenue A at the state line (4100 E) to Avenue O (3430 E), forming the A group. The areas that might otherwise be the B through J groups are the older parts of the city where street names were already well established before this system was developed (although some small groups of streets seem to have been given names intended to conform to the system), and the Q group (8800 to 9600 W) would fall west of the city, as the only land in Chicago west of 8800 West is O'Hare International Airport, undeveloped forest preserve, and a small strip of land connecting O'Hare to the rest of the city and containing only Foster Avenue.

Suburbs
Some suburbs number their east–west streets in a continuation of the Chicago pattern, and even more number their houses according to the Chicago grid. A few suburbs also number their north–south avenues according to the Chicago grid, although such numbering vanished from Chicago itself long ago (the alphabetical naming scheme was devised to help eliminate it). For example, the 54th/Cermak terminus of the Pink Line is located near the intersection of 54th Avenue and Cermak Road (22nd Street) in Cicero. This is 54 blocks west of State Street in Chicago. A minor street $54 1/2$ blocks west of State Street would be called 54th Court (in reality, that is Lotus Avenue in Chicago).

This pattern continues as far west as Plainfield, which has a 252nd Avenue, as far north as Skokie at Central Street (10100 North), and as far south as the southern edge of Will County. Suburbs that follow the Chicago numbering system include Berwyn, Bridgeview, Brookfield, Burbank, Channahon, Cicero, Evergreen Park, Franklin Park, Justice, Lincolnwood, Matteson, Morton Grove, Niles, Oak Forest, Oak Lawn, Orland Park, River Grove, Rosemont, Skokie, Westchester, unincorporated parts of Des Plaines, Glenview, and other parts of Cook County, Will, and DuPage Counties. Other suburbs, including Evanston, Park Ridge, Oak Park, Glenview and Wilmette use their own numbering systems. The six "collar" counties (DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, and Will) use State and Madison as a base line. For example, 32W000 in DuPage County is 32 miles west of State Street, 38000 in Lake County would be 38 miles north of Madison Street, and is normally used without the direction letter. In these counties, unlike Chicago, numbering is 1,000 numbers to the mile, so in DuPage County $32 1/2$ miles west is 32W500.

Some Chicago suburbs in adjoining Northwest Indiana also use the Chicago numbering system. These include East Chicago, Whiting, and Hammond. There are even examples further south in Lake County in Dyer and Schererville such as 205th Place through 215th Street (these examples coordinate with the Chicago grid, not the Gary street system). Other municipalities, such as Highland, and Griffith are based on the Gary, Indiana numbering system, beginning with 5th Avenue in Gary and increasing numerically as one travels southward. Examples in Scheider in the far south of Lake County, Indiana go as far down as 244th Avenue.

The aforementioned pattern also occurs in Waukegan, Illinois, with Washington Street being the baseline between north and south. Nearby municipalities such as Gurnee, Park City, and North Chicago continue with the Waukegan numbering pattern, while rural areas in Lake County, Illinois follow the Chicago grid.

Mile roads
(No part of Golf Road, Dempster Street, Oakton Street, Wolf Road, LaGrange Road or 143rd Street to 231st Street actually lies within the boundaries of Chicago. These streets are included for reference, since they are a continuation of the Chicago mile street pattern into the suburbs.)

Downtown
The density of main streets in downtown Chicago is greater than in the rest of the city, with some at half-block spacing (just 50 address numbers or one-sixteenth mile from the next parallel street), or block spacing between main streets, unlike the rest of the city where the main streets are spaced at half-mile and mile intervals:

 * North/south:
 * Canal Street (500 W)
 * Wacker Drive (400 W)
 * Franklin Street (300 W)
 * Wells Street (200 W)
 * LaSalle Street (150 W)
 * Clark Street (100 W)
 * Dearborn Street (36 W)
 * State Street (0 E/W)
 * Wabash Avenue (44 E)
 * Michigan Avenue (100 E)
 * Columbus Drive (300 E)
 * McClurg Court (400 E)

 * East/west:
 * Oak Street (1000 N)
 * Chicago Avenue (800 N)
 * Huron Street (700 N)
 * Ohio Street (600 N)
 * Grand Avenue (530 N)
 * Illinois Street (500 N)
 * Hubbard Street (430 N)
 * Kinzie Street (400 N)
 * Wacker Drive (300 N)
 * Lake Street (200 N)
 * Randolph Street (150 N)
 * Washington Street (100 N)
 * Madison Street (0 N/S)
 * Monroe Street (100 S)
 * Adams Street (200 S)
 * Jackson Boulevard (300 S)
 * Van Buren Street (400 S)
 * Ida B. Wells Drive/Congress Parkway (500 S)
 * Harrison Street (600 S)
 * Polk Street (800 S)

Secondary streets

 * East/west:
 * 10000 N – (Old Orchard Road)
 * 9200 N – (Church Street)
 * 8400 N – (Main Street)
 * 7600 N – Howard Street
 * 6800 N – Pratt Avenue
 * 6000 N – US 14.svg Peterson Avenue
 * 5200 N – Foster Avenue
 * 4600 N – Wilson Avenue (not a half-mile)
 * 4400 N – Montrose Avenue
 * 3600 N – Addison Street
 * 2800 N – Diversey Parkway
 * 2000 N – Armitage Avenue
 * 1200 N – Division Street
 * 400 N – Kinzie Street
 * 1000 S – Taylor Street (not a half-mile)
 * 1600 S – 16th Street
 * 2600 S – 26th Street
 * 3500 S – 35th Street
 * 4300 S – 43rd Street
 * 5100 S – 51st Street (East Hyde Park Boulevard)
 * 5900 S – 59th Street
 * 6700 S – Marquette Road (67th Street)
 * 7500 S – 75th Street
 * 8300 S – 83rd Street (German Church Road in Willow Springs, Montgomery Road in Aurora)
 * 9100 S – 91st Street
 * 9900 S – 99th Street
 * 10700 S – 107th Street
 * 11500 S – 115th Street
 * 12300 S – 123rd Street (McCarthy Road in Palos Park)
 * 13000 S – 130th Street (not a half-mile)

 * North/south:
 * 9400 W – River Road (not a half-mile)
 * 8400 W – [[Image:Illinois 171.svg|20px]] 1st Avenue (Cumberland Avenue)
 * 7600 W – Oriole Avenue
 * 6800 W – Oak Park Avenue
 * 6000 W – Austin Avenue
 * 5200 W – Laramie Avenue
 * 4400 W – Kostner Avenue
 * 3600 W – Central Park Avenue
 * 3400 W – Kimball Avenue (Homan Avenue) not a half-mile
 * 2800 W – California Avenue
 * 2000 W – Damen Avenue
 * 1200 W – Racine Avenue
 * 400 E – Martin Luther King Jr. Drive (King Drive)
 * 1200 E – Woodlawn Avenue
 * 2000 E – Jeffery Boulevard
 * 2628 E – Torrence Avenue (not a half-mile)
 * 2800 E – Burnham Avenue
 * 3000 E – Commercial Avenue (not a half-mile)
 * 3600 E – Avenue L

The half-mile numbered streets on the South Side are all secondary streets: 35th, 43rd, 51st, 59th, etc.; all are numbered aside from Marquette Road, running at 6700 S, west from King Drive (400 E) to the city's western limit at Cicero Avenue (4800 W), near Midway International Airport. East of King to near Lake Michigan at 2400 E, it is called 67th Street, and Marquette is aligned one block to the north on what would be 66th Street.

(No part of Old Orchard Road, Church Street, or Main Street actually lies within the boundaries of Chicago. These streets are included for reference, since they are a continuation of the Chicago mile street pattern into the suburbs.)

A similar numbering system is also used in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Diagonal roads
The following streets run diagonally through Chicago's grid system on all or part of their courses. These streets tend to form major 5 or 6-way intersections. In many cases they were Indian trails, or were among the earliest streets established in the city. Diagonals are numbered as north–south or east–west streets. Examples are North Lincoln Avenue and Ogden Avenue, which bends at Madison and changes from North Ogden to West Ogden.

 * N. Rogers Avenue
 * [[Image:US 14.svg|20px]] N. Ridge Avenue/Boulevard
 * N. Broadway
 * N. Clark Street
 * N. Rush Street
 * [[Image:US 41.svg|20px]] N. Lincoln Avenue
 * [[Image:Illinois 137.svg|20px]] N. Sheridan Road
 * [[Image:US 14.svg|20px]] N. Caldwell Avenue
 * N. Lehigh Avenue
 * N. Clybourn Avenue
 * N. Kingsbury Street
 * N. Elston Avenue
 * N. Avondale Avenue
 * [[Image:Illinois 21.svg|20px]] N. Milwaukee Avenue
 * [[Image:US 14.svg|20px]] N. Northwest Highway
 * W. Forest Preserve Drive
 * [[Image:Illinois 72.svg|20px]] W. Higgins Avenue
 * W. Grand Avenue
 * [[Image:US 20.svg|20px]] W. Lake Street
 * W. Fifth Avenue
 * [[Image:US 34.svg|20px]] N. and W. Ogden Avenue
 * S. Blue Island Avenue
 * S. Canalport Avenue
 * [[Image:Illinois 171.svg|20px]] S. Archer Avenue
 * W. Columbus Avenue
 * S. Vincennes Avenue
 * S. Beverly Avenue
 * S. Anthony Avenue
 * S. South Chicago Avenue
 * S. Exchange Avenue
 * S. Ewing Avenue
 * S. Brainard Avenue
 * [[Image:US 41.svg|20px]] S. South Shore Drive
 * [[Image:US 12.svg|20px]] [[Image:US 20.svg|20px]] [[Image:US 41.svg|20px]] S. Indianapolis Avenue

Expressways
The city of Chicago proper contains seven major Interstate highways.

County roads
Cook County has a modest amount of county roads after plans were made in 2009 to designate many roads on county ownership as a public service.

Only the designated streets in the townships of Lemont, Palos, Orland, Bremen, Lyons (south of the rivers) and Wheeling have the blue pentagon signs that are used to demarcate county roads.

title: Roads and expressways in Chicago


text:
Talk:Danie G. Krige

Untitled
It's Danie Krige, not Daniel. Please see, ,. Please stop changing it to "Daniel". -- hike395 05:27, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Does the author dislike paragraphs? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.122.22.44 (talk) 20:49, 23 March 2010 (UTC)

Some information on the correct pronunciation of 'Krige' would be useful. It is sometimes claimed that the correct pronunciation is with a hard 'g', but it's very likely that he would have pronounced his name with a /x/. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.48.191.239 (talk) 07:39, 16 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Danie G. Krige


text:
Talk:Newtown, Wellington

As the only Newtown in New Zealand, it should get the country name as its disambiguation link, the same as all other NZ-unique names that have overseas namesakes.

title: Talk:Newtown, Wellington


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Boojitsu

Boojitsu
The music is interesting, but on the basis of the article and web site I'm inclined to call this a band vanity. Gazpacho 05:30, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Article creator User:192.216.226.140 voted Keep (without comment) on the VfD page. Gazpacho
 * Delete this vanity page. -- Hoary 06:11, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. One must do more than "dabble" to be notable. -R. fiend 06:28, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del. Mikkalai 09:07, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. utcursch 13:01, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Completely unnotable. Jacob1207 05:17, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete not notable Andries 20:17, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text: User talk:69.209.50.2

title: User talk:69.209.50.2


text:
Heinrich Eberbach

Heinrich Eberbach (24 November 1895 – 13 July 1992) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 5th Panzer Army during the Allied invasion of Normandy. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.

World War I and interwar years
Heinrich Eberbach was born on 24 November 1895 in Stuttgart, in the German Empire. Eberbach graduated with his Abitur (university-preparatory high school diploma) on 30 June 1914. On 1 July 1914, Eberbach joined the Army of Württemberg. With the outbreak of World War I, Eberbach's unit was deployed on the Western Front. On 16 October 1914, Eberbach was wounded in his thigh by artillery shrapnel. In September 1915, Eberbach was severely wounded, losing part of his nose, and was taken prisoner of war by French forces. During the 1920s Eberbach was a police officer; in 1935 he joined the Wehrmacht. In 1938 Eberbach became commander of a Panzer regiment, in the newly formed 4th Panzer Division under General Georg-Hans Reinhardt.

World War II
Eberbach participated in the German Invasion of Poland in September 1939 and then in 1940 in the Battle of France. His unit supported General Hasso von Manteuffel's offensive across the Meuse River in May. Shortly after the start of Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, he was assigned as commander of the 5th Panzer Brigade in Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg's XXIV Panzer Corps.

During the Battle of Moscow, Eberbach spearheaded Panzer Group 2's offensive towards Moscow as the commander of a combined-arms kampfgruppe within the 4th Panzer Division. The attack began on September 30 and in only two days of fighting Kampfgruppe Eberbach had achieved a clean breakthrough, advanced over 120 kilometers, and put the entire Soviet Bryansk Front in a disastrous position while suffering negligible losses of its own. Eberbach demonstrated his flexibility as a troop leader by detaching two battalions to assist the 3rd Panzer Division's efforts in the same area of operations near Bryansk, despite serving under a different division. Soviet air attacks and a fuel shortage early on 2 October failed to prevent the kampfgruppe's aggressive combat leaders from advancing on the city of Orel, ending the Soviet industrial relocation efforts there and capturing a key communications hub of the Bryansk Front, on 3 October. Kampfgruppe Eberbach's losses had been light: 6 tanks knocked out, 34 men killed and 121 wounded. This was a small price to pay for the complete rupturing of the Soviet lines and the capture of a city of such strategic value. 4th Panzer division had also captured 1,600 Soviet troops, mostly Kampfgruppe Eberbach's work.

In March 1942 he was made commander of the 4th Panzer Division, in the German lines opposite the Russian town of Sukhinichi, roughly 120 miles west of Tula. In late November 1942 Eberbach was appointed commander of the XLVIII Panzer Corps that had just been overrun in the initial days of Operation Uranus, near the midpoint of the Battle of Stalingrad. Eberbach was soon wounded and evacuated, remaining hospitalized until February. He then became Inspector of the Armored Troops in the Home Army, was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and promoted to lieutenant general.

In November 1943, Eberbach became commander of troops around Nikopol and fought in battles around Zhitomir in the Soviet Union. In early 1944 Eberbach was promoted to the rank of General der Panzertruppe. During the Allied invasion of Normandy, he fought against the British landings along the 'Juno' and 'Sword' beaches. On 4 July he took command of "Panzer Group West" (later, 5th Panzer Army) after Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg was relieved (two days before). On 9 August, this force was divided, with 5th Panzer Army retreating with the most damaged units; the effective units were reorganized as Panzergruppe Eberbach.

Eberbach was directed to lead this force in the counterattack through Mortain toward Avranches that was intended to cut off the Allied forces which had broken out of Normandy. According to Eberbach's post-war memoirs, he had no confidence in the attack. When General Warlimont of OKW arrived at his HQ on 1 August to "get a closer look at the situation", Eberbach told him that "the only possible solution was an immediate retreat to the Seine-Yonne line." However, Warlimont denied Eberbach's request to withdraw, and instead confirmed the order to attack.

The attack failed, and most of Panzergruppe Eberbach and 7th Army was surrounded and destroyed in the Falaise Pocket. Eberbach escaped and was given command of the remnants of 7th Army on 21 August. On 31 August Eberbach was surprised in his bed and captured by British troops at Amiens. He was later presented to Lieutenant General Brian Horrocks.

Post World War II
Eberbach was held in a prisoner-of-war camp until 1948. He participated in the work of the U.S. Army Historical Division, where, under the guidance of Franz Halder, German generals wrote World War II operational studies for the U.S. Army, first as POWs and then as employees. Eberbach was the father of the naval officer Heinz-Eugen Eberbach, commander of GS U-967 and GS U-230 during World War II.

Awards

 * Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (12 October 1914) & 1st Class (10 November 1917)
 * Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
 * Knight's Cross on 4 July 1940 as Oberstleutnant and commander of Panzer-Regiment 35
 * Oak Leaves on 31 December 1941 as Oberst and commander of the 5. Panzer-Brigade

title: Heinrich Eberbach


text:
2003 Bremen state election

The 2003 Bremen state election was held on 25 May 2003 to elect the members of the Bürgerschaft of Bremen, as well as the city councils of Bremen and Bremerhaven. The incumbent grand coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Christian Democratic Union (CDU) led by Mayor Henning Scherf retained its majority and continued in office.

Parties
The table below lists parties represented in the previous Bürgerschaft of Bremen.

title: 2003 Bremen state election


text:
Cascavel

Cascavel is a municipality in the state of Paraná in Brazil. It is the fifth most populous city in the state with 348 051 inhabitants, according to IBGE 2022 Census. The distance to Curitiba, the state capital, is 491 kilometers by freeway.

Relatively new and with a privileged topography, Cascavel's development was planned, which gives it wide streets and well distributed neighborhoods. With an area of 2,100,831 km2, it is considered a strategic hub of Mercosul. It is the main city in the Cascavel Metropolitan Area.

The city is on a plateau 781 meters above sea level. It is 504 km west of the state capital of Curitiba and 605 km west of the sea port of Paranaguá, 140 km from the three borders (Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil) at 24° 58' South, 53° 26' West.

Toponymy
The name of the city means rattlesnake in Portuguese; it arises from a variation of the classical Latin "cascabus", meaning "bubbling water boiling". According to legend, a group of settlers camped one night in the region and they were woken by the sound of a rattle; later they realized they set up the camp next to a rattlesnake.

Cycle of "erva mate"
The Caingangue natives inhabited western Paraná, which was occupied by the Spaniards in 1557, when they founded the Ciudad del Real Guayrá, in the current city of Terra Roxa.

A new occupation started in 1730 with troops (tropeirismo in Portuguese), but the settlement of the current city began in the late 1910s by settlers of mixed racial ethnicity (caboclos (people of indigenous and European descent)), and descendants of Slavic immigrants, at the peak of the cycle of erva mate.

The village began to form on March 28, 1928, when José Silverio de Oliveira, dubbed "Nho Jeca", bought a glebe from the settler Jose Antonio Elias, in the historical area called Encruzilhada dos Gomes, and which is currently the Cascavel Velho neighborhood. It was at a junction of several trails open by ervateiros (cultivators of erva mate), drovers and military, where de Oliveira set up his warehouse. His entrepreneurial spirit was key to the arrival of new people, who brought ideas and investments.

From the 1930s and 1940s, thousands of southern settlers, mostly descendants of Poles, Germans, Italians, Ukrainians and caboclos migrating from coffee regions, began logging, farming and raising pigs in the village, which became a district in 1938.

Notably, the locality was already included in military maps from 1924, and the village was made official by the town hall of Foz do Iguaçu in 1936, with the name of Cascavel. The prelate of that city, Monsignor William Maria Thiletzek, renamed it "Aparecida dos Portos" (a Brazilian name for Mary, The Mother of Jesus), a name that did not prosper amongst the inhabitants.

Cycle of wood
In the 1930s, with the cycle of erva mate at a close, the surrounding area entered into the so-called "cycle of wood", which attracted a large number of families from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. In particular, there were many Polish, German and Italian settlers, who formed the basis of the municipal population.

As the native forests were depleted, the land became available to agriculture sector, which underpins the present-day economy.

In 1938, Cascavel became an administrative district.

Emancipation
The municipality of Cascavel was emancipated on November 14, 1951, by state law n° 790, separating it from Foz do Iguaçu. For decades there was a discussion about whether this would be the proper date, as the installation of the first municipal government occurred only on December 14, 1952. However, in 2010, with the law n° 5.689, the discussion was put to rest.

Development
As the cycle of timber closed in the late 1970s, industrialization began along with increased agricultural activity and a rising service industry. In less than six decades, Cascavel went from a rest stop for travelers and trappers, to the largest municipality in western Paraná and one of the largest economic centers in southern Brazil.

List of mayors
Source: Jornal Hoje

Climate
Cascavel is a humid city, with a humid subtropical climate (Cfa, according to the Köppen climate classification). The annual average temperature is 21 °C (70 °F), with a maximum of 28° (85 °F). Annual average precipitation is 1965 mm (77.362 inches).

Demographics
According to the IBGE, the population of Cascavel is formed of the following ethnicities

Evolution of the population
The city has experienced significant population growth since its foundation, especially during the first decades. On the other hand, several municipalities were ultimately removed from Cascavel, which slightly reduced its demographic expansion.

Economy
Cascavel is responsible for 26% of the total production of cereals in the state of Paraná. The main crops are soybeans, wheat, corn, rice, cotton and beans. It is also a big producer of poultry, swine and cattle.

Participation in the municipal GDP:
 * Livestock raising: 5.95%
 * Industry: 16.63%
 * Services: 77.42%

The main industries are food processing, chemicals, metallurgy, and beverages.

It is the terminus of a metre-gauge railway line that goes to the port of Paranaguá.

Transportation
In a strategic position within a big road junction, served by seven intercity roads, being four interstates, making it a mandatory passage for those traveling by road to the Iguazu Falls in Foz do Iguaçu, and to the neighboring countries, Argentina and Paraguay. Also for those heading from South to Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Northwest to Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay or West to the state capital, Curitiba, the beaches and the seaports in the coastline.

The city is served by the Regional West Airport, previously named Coronel Adalberto Mendes da Silva Airport. The airport has been named in 2022 and 2023, the best regional airport in Brazil.

Universities
Cascavel is a very important college center. Besides a state university, in recent years the city became an important student hub centre, with an increasing number of private universities starting their activities in the city.

List of universities

 * Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
 * Universidade Paranaense
 * Federal Institute of Paraná - Cascavel campus

Sport
The city is home to the Autódromo Internacional de Cascavel - Zilmar Beux, racing track hosting among others the Copa Truck, Stock Car Brasil, Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo, and the Mercedes-Benz Challenge.

The city is home to one of the top futsal clubs, Cascavel Futsal Clube, being a two-time Futsal Libertadores Cup winner.

The local association football teams are FC Cascavel and Cascavel Clube Recreativo, in the past there was also Cascavel Esporte Clube. The home of all the teams is the Estádio Olímpico Regional Arnaldo Busatto.

title: Cascavel


text:
Chandler High School (Arizona)

Chandler High School is a high school and historical landmark located in Chandler, Arizona, United States. It is one of Arizona's largest high schools with an enrollment of 3,000 to 4,000 students annually.

History
According to published records, the earliest known educational facility in the city dates back to 1907. It featured rooms constructed in a canvas-style design. The second facility was known as the Chandler Grammar School, later changed to the Cleveland School, was opened June 21, 1912, at the cost of $9,000. Both prior schools accepted 6-8 grade students. In September 1914, a more permanent solution was purposed requiring a 1919 bond of $121,800 and 1921 bond of $170,000 to begin planning and construction of a high school. Breaking ground in 1921 and dedicated the subsequent year, the facility currently referred to as Old Main, was constructed along with a small gymnasium. Both structures were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007, 1 of 17 high schools in Phoenix. Several expansions and upgrades have been made to the campus which resides on the Northwest corner of Arizona Avenue/SR 87 and Chandler Blvd.

The school and subsequent city's namesake comes from founder Dr. Alexander John "A.J." Chandler a local veterinary surgeon.

Academics
Chandler abides by the standards set by the Arizona Department of Education and implements the state's Education and Career Action Plan (ECAP) required for all students 9-12 grade students to graduate from a public Arizona high school. CUSD high schools also implements an open enrollment policy, meaning students from outside the intended school boundaries may attend without tuition or other penalties.

Arizona requires that all high school students take 6 credit bearing courses during their freshmen through junior years, and have the option of reducing credits to 4 credit bearing courses if they are track for graduation. However, CUSD requires all students must complete 22 credits whereas the public university system controlled by the Arizona Board of Regents requires only 16 credits in the following areas:

 * English - 4 credits
 * Mathematics - 4 credits
 * Science - 3 credits
 * Social Studies. - 3 credits
 * Career and Technical Educator/Fine Arts - 1 credit
 * Physical Education - 1 credit
 * Comprehensive Health - ½ credits
 * Elective Courses - 5 ½ credits

Cross-credit courses
At Chandler and all CUSD high school students may swap three semesters ($1/2$ credits per semester) of Spiritline, Beginning through Advance Dance, Drill Team, Color Guard, Marching Band, Winter guard, or AFJROTC essentially waiving the required one Physical Education credit required for graduation.

Students which choose applied sciences in areas such as Applied Biology or Applied Agricultural Sciences gain equivalent Science credits. Likewise, Economics credits can be awarded like Agricultural Business Management, Business, Business Applications, Marketing, Economics Applications, Family and Consumer Sciences, and vocational courses.

Community college credits can be awarded through a partnership with Chandler-Gilbert Community College (CGCC) and cooperative credits for vocational courses are provided by East Valley Institute of Technology (EVIT). Students must be dually enrolled for the Arizona community college or the Arizona public university system to accept the credits towards a degree. CUSD Transportation Department provides routes between Chandler, EVIT, and CGCC with after school hours transportation intended for students participating in activities.

Advanced Placement (AP) courses are available on school grounds in Mathematics, English, Social Studies, and Science which garner university credits nationwide and is 1 of 8 Arizona high schools offering the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.

Accolades
Chandler was awarded the Blue Ribbon School during 1982-83 and 1986-87 school years. It has also received 7 A+ School of Excellence from the Arizona Education Foundation, the most in the state.

Statistics
Chandler has 1,218 students enrolled in the Free Lunch Program, 197 for the Reduced-price Lunch Program, and 610 that are Directly Certified under the National School Lunch Program.

Athletics
Chandler HS is an Arizona Interscholastic Association (AIA) member school offering boys and girls sports complying with Title IX. Student athletes can participate in varsity, junior varsity, and freshmen-only teams as well as individual sports. Chandler Athletics consist of these sports:

 * Badminton (girls)
 * Baseball
 * Basketball (boys)
 * Basketball (girls)
 * Cheer
 * Cross country
 * Flag Football (girls)
 * Football
 * Golf (boys)
 * Golf (girls)
 * Lacrosse (girls)
 * Pomline
 * Soccer (boys)
 * Soccer (girls)
 * Softball
 * Swim and dive
 * Tennis (boys)
 * Tennis (girls)
 * Track and field
 * Volleyball (boys)
 * Volleyball (girls)
 * Volleyball (beach, girls)
 * Wrestling

Football
In 2014, Chandler football won its first championship after defeating their rival Hamilton High School Division I State Championship game. Starting in 2016 Chandler won three consecutive championship in the AIA's largest division, the last being in the open bracket comprising the eight best teams in Arizona according to the MaxPreps rating system. The team has been ranked as high as 12th nationally according to the 2015 MaxPreps' Xcelent 25 Rankings and finished on the list 3 times. Aguano resigned as head football coach in 2018 for Arizona State University's running backs coach vacating the position for offensive coordinator Rick Garretson which had a 13-0 first season and a state championship.

Chandler has successfully competed against the top teams in the nation. They start with a 2013 loss to #1 St. John Bosco High School at home 52–13. The 2014 team was able to get their first out of state victory against Valor Christian High School with a final score of 22–7. Traveling into Las Vegas, Nevada during the 2015 season ranked 20th nationally played in a high-profile game against #3 Bishop Gorman High School losing 35-14 which was broadcast on ESPNU. Chandler also hosted #2 IMG Academy going into the game ranked 7th ultimately losing 27–14 in 2017. The team went on the road the next two years playing Las Vegas' Faith Lutheran High School and Capital Christian High School winning 35-21 and 56-0 respectively. Overall Chandler has a 3–3 record against out of state opponents.

Fine arts
Chandler High School is also notable for its active and competitive music programs. Chandler High School Chorale was the first American high school to be invited to perform at the 2005 Jilin College of the Arts Summer Music Festival in Changchun, People's Republic of China, and not only once, but twice to perform at Carnegie Hall for a festival, while Chandler High School's Wolf Pack Pride Marching Band competed in the 2005-2006 Fiesta Bowl National Band Championship, placing fifth. The marching band competed again in the 2008-2009 Championship. The Symphonic Band also competed April 2006 in Boston at the Boston Symphony Hall in the Heritage Festival of Gold. The band took fourth. The Symphonic Band competed again in April 2008 at the Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco, taking first. In 2009, the Symphonic Band returned (for its third time) to the Festival of Gold in Los Angeles where it again took first place over groups from across the nation. In 2010, Chandler's Chorale visited the Festival of Gold, taking first as well. Chandler High's Varsity Jazz Ensemble has recently excelled on a local level.

In addition, Chandler's theater department has performed several well-known plays, including from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Outsiders, Miser, Rebel Without a Cause, Footloose, Still Life With Iris, and many more. The Chandler theatre has been to the Central Arizona Acting Festival and many students received Superior. A.P.A.C. (Advanced Pantomime And Characterization), the highest level acting class at Chandler, has performed numerous books for elementary students through Bookends, a program designed to promote literacy, for many years.

Rivalry
A rivalry developed between Chandler and Hamilton High School which are separated by 4 mi along Arizona Avenue/SR 87. Local media has since daubed this high-profile competition as the "Battle of Arizona Avenue". The annual varsity football matchup gains the most attention where the highly rated players are often recruited by college football coaches from across the nation. Fan turnout can exceeded 10,000 with NFL players like Anquan Boldin, Larry Fitzgerald, and Matt Leinart also in attendance. As a consistent Top 25 rivalry, the GEICO High School Bowl Series has been instrumental in broadcast the game nationally by ESPN, ESPNU, and the NFHS Network. Every year the game would alternate form Chandler's Austin Field to Hamilton's Jerry Looper Stadium. Hamilton began matchup with a 17-game win streak of until the 2013 regular season matchup gave Chandler their first win 26–16. Chandler would later fall in a 2013 5A Division I State Semifinal matchup to Hamilton 21–17 at the approved Arizona Interscholastic Association neutral field at Highland High School. Since 2014 Chandler has won six consecutive games. As of 2020, Hamilton leads the series 18–8 with a potential rematch during the 2020 Open Bracket, which contains 8 of the highest ranked teams. Together, the two school account for 12 Big School State Championships in football.

As the rivalry developed beyond football, both school's athletic teams and other activities have become very competitive. Chandler city officials and other organizations have help facilitate and advance the rivalry. The most notable addition was the Chandler Rotary Club providing the trophy where brass plate are inscribed with the victors name and date with a custom street sign labeled "Arizona Ave Champions" affixed on top. They also host a luncheon with school staff, administrators, and inductees to the Chandler Sports Hall of Fame.

Since the rivalry garners so much attention, administrations of both schools and the district have worked closely with school resource officers with all Chandler Unified School District privately contracted security guards ensuring the stadiums and surrounding areas remain secure. The Chandler Police Department has also provided social media monitoring leading up to the game.

In popular culture
On February 18, 2009, TV Land's High School Reunion began its second season featuring a cast from Chandler High School's 1988 class. Terry Williams, the principal during 1988, aided producers in finding former students saying, "We are looking for a variety of people." The show was not well received as producers allegedly filled the remaining cast members with actors for the means of developing drama. The cast felt they were made into caricatures and situations felt awkward.

Notable alumni

 * Adam Archuleta - football player
 * Eddie Basha Jr. - Businessman - Bashas' Inc.
 * Sanjay Beach - football player
 * N'Keal Harry - football player
 * Alexa Havins - Actress - film and television
 * Brett Hundley - football player
 * Cameron Jordan - football player
 * Dion Jordan - football player
 * Gunner Maldonado - college football player
 * Bryce Perkins - football player
 * Paul Perkins - football player
 * Cody Ransom - baseball player
 * Derrick Richardson - football player
 * Gordon Rule - football player
 * Brent R. Taylor - Politician/US Military - mayor of North Ogden, Utah, Army National Guard officer
 * Lindsay Taylor - basketball player
 * Dave Van Gorder - baseball player
 * Lawrence Westbrook - basketball player
 * Markus Wheaton - football player
 * Eddie Wilson - football player
 * Dustin Woodard - football player

title: Chandler High School (Arizona)


text:
User talk:Stevan White

Welcome!
Hello, Stevan White, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question on this page and then place  before the question. Again, welcome! Epipelagic (talk) 13:25, 27 December 2012 (UTC)
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Cepheid Photometric system V
V is indeed visual, not violet in this context. My mistake, User:84user, I thought I was correcting my own mistake.

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Please use the preview button
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Speedy deletion nomination of Nebo Zovyot

A tag has been placed on Nebo Zovyot requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. JMHamo (talk) 02:12, 24 February 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Ways to improve Our Heavenly Bodies
Thanks for creating Our Heavenly Bodies.

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Dom from Paris (talk) 00:47, 5 December 2018 (UTC)

Operation Ganymed moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Operation Ganymed, does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page.  CASSIOPEIA(talk) 12:56, 23 March 2019 (UTC)

I suspect that a mis-typed link to the original article may have caused this response. The link is now corrected. If this is not enough, please explain what more one must do, in order to request a translation of an foreign-language Wikipedia page! Stevan White (talk) 21:28, 23 March 2019 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Operation Ganymed (March 23)
 Your recent article submission to Articles for Creation has been reviewed! Unfortunately, it has not been accepted at this time. The reason left by Jovanmilic97 was:

The comment the reviewer left was:

Please check the submission for any additional comments left by the reviewer. You are encouraged to edit the submission to address the issues raised and resubmit when they have been resolved.

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Jovanmilic97 (talk) 23:46, 23 March 2019 (UTC)

Draft:Operation Ganymed

Hello, Stevan White. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or draft page you started, Draft:Operation Ganymed.

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. If you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it. — JJMC89  (T·C) 01:31, 24 September 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stevan White