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Paul Eddington

Paul Clark Eddington (18 June 1927 – 4 November 1995) was an English actor best known for playing Jerry Leadbetter in the television sitcom The Good Life (1975–1978) and politician Jim Hacker in the sitcom Yes Minister (1980–1984) and its sequel, Yes, Prime Minister (1986–1988).

Early life
Eddington was born at Paddington in London to decorative artist Albert Clark Eddington and Frances Mary (née Roberts); he was raised in St John's Wood. The family were Quakers – Albert Eddington being related to the Somerset shoemaking Clark family and the scientist Sir Arthur Eddington – and Eddington was brought up by his parents with strict family values.

His father had been "emotionally shattered" on his return from the First World War, which led to Eddington being a lifelong pacifist. Eddington attended Sibford School in Sibford Ferris, Oxfordshire. In 1952, he married Patricia Scott.

Career
Having registered as a conscientious objector, Eddington began his acting career as a teenager with ENSA during the Second World War. He worked for Sheffield Repertory Theatre, a theatre company based at Sheffield Playhouse. In 1956, he played his first major role on television as the corrupt policeman PC Tom Carr in the Dixon of Dock Green episode The Rotten Apple, and later that year he became a regular cast member of The Adventures of Robin Hood. Initially he played minor characters, but in the fourth season (1959–60), he played Will Scarlet.

He had a leading role in "Liberty Bar", a 1960 episode of the BBC version of Maigret, playing Harry Brown, an Australian entrepreneur. He had roles in episodes of The Avengers (1963), The Prisoner (1967) and the final episode of The Champions (1969). He was a main cast member of the television series Frontier (1968). He also had a supporting role in Hammer Films' The Devil Rides Out (1968), an episode of Van der Valk in 1972, and appeared as a "straight man" (substituting for regular stooge Henry McGee) in a 1976 episode of The Benny Hill Show. He also appeared in most episodes of the ATV series Hine (1971). In this he played Astor Harris, a member of an arms dealing firm named Pendles. Eddington appeared as civil servant Strand in the last series of Special Branch (1974).

Career peak
Although he was an actor for all his adult life, it was not until Eddington was in his late forties that he became a household name because of his role in The Good Life, first screened by the BBC in 1975, and written by John Esmonde and Bob Larbey. The sitcom focuses on a suburban couple who decide to give up conventionally paid work and become self-sufficient in their suburban garden. Eddington was cast as Jerry Leadbetter, a neighbour of the main characters, and Penelope Keith played his wife, Margo. Originally intended as small parts, the Leadbetters soon became essential foils for the two stars. He also appeared in a single episode of another Esmonde and Larbey sitcom, Get Some In! in 1977.

Eddington's profile was raised further when he played the title role of Jim Hacker in the comedy series Yes Minister (1980–1984) and Yes, Prime Minister (1986–1988). He was shortlisted four times for the BAFTA award for Best Light Entertainment Performance for the series, but he lost out to his co-star Nigel Hawthorne on each occasion.

During 1987 Eddington appeared as Sir Joseph Porter in H.M.S. Pinafore in Australia. His last roles included Guy Wheeler, a corrupt property developer in the Minder episode "The Wrong Goodbye" (1989); as Richard Cuthbertson alongside Good Life co-star Felicity Kendal in the TV dramatisation of The Camomile Lawn (1992); the voice of Badger in The Adventures of Mole and Justice Shallow in Henry IV (1995); a BBC adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2. He was reunited with another Good Life co-star Richard Briers in a run of the play Home in 1994.

Eddington read extracts from Sir Winston Churchill's A History of the English-Speaking Peoples for the award-winning BBC Radio series This Sceptred Isle; he died midway through the production, and his place was taken by Peter Jeffrey.

Awards and honours
Eddington was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1987 New Year Honours.

Final years and death
Eddington's autobiography, So Far, So Good, was published in 1995. On 30 October 1995, five days before Eddington's death, the BBC aired an edition of Face to Face in which he discussed his life, career and battle with lymphoma. On that show he was asked how he would like to be remembered: "A journalist once asked me what I would like my epitaph to be and I said I think I would like it to be, 'He did very little harm'. And that's not easy. Most people seem to me to do a great deal of harm. If I could be remembered as having done very little, that would suit me."

Eddington had been diagnosed with a rare form of cancer, known as mycosis fungoides, when he was 28. The ailment was to cause his death eventually, but in the intervening four decades, Eddington and his immediate family kept his condition private. It only became public knowledge in 1994, when Eddington responded to press speculation about his darkening skin and hair loss.

Eddington died in Southwark, London, on 4 November 1995. He and Patricia, his wife of 43 years, had three sons and a daughter.

title: Paul Eddington


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Category:Federal League teams

The Federal League was a professional baseball league from 1914 to 1915.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Federal League teams


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Transmission site Landespolizeidirektion Karlsruhe

The Transmission site Landespolizeidirektion Karlsruhe is a site with short wave aerial and an 81 metre tall telecommunication tower at 48.66417°N, 8.795°W on the Lerchenberg near Wildberg, 20 kilometre westwards of Stuttgart. The whole area is undertunneled and equipped with an entrance which can be passed by vehicles with a height of 3.8 metres. The facility is used as centre for catastrophe management.


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Al-Manar

Al-Manar (المنار) is a Lebanese satellite television station owned and operated by the political party Hezbollah, broadcasting from Beirut, Lebanon. The channel was launched on 4 June 1991 and it is a member of the Arab States Broadcasting Union. The station is considered one of Hezbollah's most important global propaganda tools and reaches around 50 million people.

Al-Manar TV spreads calls for the destruction of Israel and anti-Semitic incitement. It is banned in the United States, France, Spain, and Germany, and has run into some service and license problems outside Lebanon, making it unavailable in the Netherlands, Canada, and Australia,  although it has not officially been banned in any of these regions.

History
Al-Manar first began terrestrial broadcasting from Beirut, Lebanon on 4 June 1991. In 2000 the station also began broadcasting via satellite. The station was located in the predominantly Shi'a neighborhood of Haret Hreik in the southern suburbs of Beirut, where the Hezbollah is also headquartered. Originally, the station employed only a few men that had studied media in London during the mid-1980s. But almost a year later, Al-Manar was employing over 150 people.

Initially, Al Manar would broadcast only five hours per day. Shortly before the 1992 election, it began broadcasting regular news bulletins in order to help Hezbollah attain more votes and spread its message to more people. In 1993, the station expanded its broadcasting to seven hours a day and extended its signal to the southern part of the Bekaa Valley. Ahead of the 1996 Lebanese parliamentary elections, additional antennas were erected in Northern Lebanon and throughout the Mount Lebanon range, so that the station could be viewed not only in Lebanon, but also in western Syria and northern Israel. Broadcasting was extended to 20 hours in 1998 but reduced to 18 hours in 2000.

In 1996, the Lebanese government granted broadcasting licenses to only five television stations, not including Al-Manar. Approximately 50 stations were forced to close at the time. Several stations appealed the government's decision, but only four of them were finally granted licenses, one of which was Al-Manar. On 18 September, the Lebanese Cabinet decided to grant Al-Manar a license after having been requested to do so by then Syrian president Hafiz al-Asad. Al-Manar received the license in July 1997.

On 24/25 June 1999 the IAF launched two massive air raids across Lebanon. One of the targets was the al-Manar radio station's offices in a four storey building in Baalbek which was completely demolished. The attacks also hit Beirut's power stations and bridges on the roads to the south. An estimated $52 million damage was caused. Eleven Lebanese were killed as well as two Israelis in Kiryat Shmona.

According to the US Department of Treasury, Al Manar is the media arm of the Hezbollah. The station manager Muhammad Afif Ahmad, said that Al Manar belongs to Hezbollah culturally and politically. By 2004, Al Manar was estimated to hold 10-15 million viewers daily worldwide.

Satellite broadcasting
During the 1990s, the popularity of satellite broadcasting greatly increased in the Arab world and in Lebanon. The first Lebanese station to use this technology was Future Television, launching Future International SAT in 1994, while LBCI and the Lebanese government followed by launching LBCSAT and Tele Liban Satellite respectively. In order to compete with these emerging stations, and in order to find an international audience, Al-Manar announced its intention to launch a satellite channel on 9 March 2000. Muhammad Ra'd, a Hezbollah member of parliament and al-Manar's largest shareholder, submitted the request to the minister of transmission, which was approved in April 2000. Although the launch of the satellite station was originally planned for July, the date was moved up in order to coincide with the end of the Israeli occupation of South Lebanon on 25 May. This success led other television stations to follow in launching satellite stations, including Murr TV in November 2000, but it was shut down for "violating an election law prohibiting propaganda" – a fate which al-Manar did not meet, although its programming was also considered propaganda by many analysts. ArabSat, a leading communications satellite operator in the Middle East, headquartered in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, was at first wary about collaborating with al-Manar, because of the station's Shi'a agenda – the two companies agreed, however, that the programming would be adapted to the pan-Arab audience, leading to a slight difference between the local broadcast and the one via satellite. At first, only three hours of satellite programming were broadcast per day, but by December 2000, the station was broadcasting around the clock.

Al-Manar was soon carried by many satellite providers. However, starting with the removal of the station from TARBS World TV in Australia in 2003, many satellite television providers stopped featuring it. Until then the station was featured by the following providers at one time or another:

 * Intelsat, broadcasting to North America
 * New Skies Satellites NSS-803, Africa and parts of Europe
 * ArabSat, Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe
 * Hispasat, South America
 * AsiaSat, Asia
 * Nilesat
 * Eutelsat, Europe, North Africa, and Middle East
 * SES Astra, Europe

According to the BBC on 26 July 2006, Al-Manar had three satellite signals:
 * ArabSat 2B at 30.5 degrees east
 * Badr 3 at 26 degrees east
 * NileSat 102 at 7 degrees west

Israeli Air Force strike
The channel was continuously struck by missiles during Israeli air raids. The Israeli Air Force attacks on 13 July 2006 led to injury of three employees. The attack on Al-Manar's facilities shortly followed another strike against the Rafic Hariri International Airport in Beirut earlier that morning. Despite the attack, the station remained on air, broadcasting from undisclosed locations.

The IDF bombed Al-Manar's Beirut complex again on 16 July causing fire in the complex and surrounding buildings. The station's signal disappeared briefly several times, then continued normal programming.

Illegality of bombing
The bombing of media outlets violates international law when they are not being used for military purposes ("it is unlawful to attack facilities that merely shape civilian opinion; neither directly contributes to military operations"), according to Human Rights Watch.

This incident has been condemned by the International Federation of Journalists. The Israel Association of Journalists withdrew from the federation in response, claiming that Al-Manar employees "are not journalists, they are terrorists".

The New York based Committee to Protect Journalists, also expressed alarm over the incident as "it (Al-Manar) does not appear based on a monitoring of its broadcasts today to be serving any discernible military function, according to CPJ's analysis."

Content
Al-Manar's programming consists of 25% music videos and fillers, 25% series and dramas, 25% talk shows, and finally 25% news and family shows. Most of the programming is self-produced, although on occasion, programming from the Iranian state broadcaster IRIB is used. Its programming adopts a strongly anti-Israel and anti-US point of view. Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah often "frequently calls for 'Death to America'" on the channel and the Statue of Liberty is depicted "as a ghoul, her gown dripping blood, a knife instead of a torch in her raised hand."

Programs
The news programming includes much footage from the international press, especially the Israeli. Additionally the station subscribes to the following wire services: Reuters, Associated Press, Agence France Presse, and Deutsche Presse Agentur. It also sources stories from Iranian news agencies such as FARS and IRNA. The station airs eight news bulletins a day in Arabic in addition to one in English and one in French.

Several talk shows are regularly aired on al-Manar. The best known of these is Beit al-ankabut (The Spider's House); its title alludes to a metaphor, Hassan Nasrallah often employs to describe Israel. It is dedicated to uncovering the "weakness of the Zionist entity", i.e. Israel. It attempts to convince the Arab world that Israel could easily be destroyed, for example, by an increase in the Arab population and the implementation of the Palestinian right of return. Further talk shows include Hadith al-sa'a (Talk of the Hour), Matha ba'ad (What's Next?), Ma'al Hadath (With The Event), Bayna Kawsayn (Between The Brackets), Milafat (Files), Al-din wa al-hayat (Religion and Life), and Nun wa al-qalam (The 'Nun' and the Pen). Guests include well-known journalists, analysts, writers, Lebanese politicians, spokespersons of terrorist groups, and Islamic scholars, who then discuss current religious, political, and cultural, regional and global topics.

Al-Manar often airs music videos and fillers in between full-length programs and during commercial breaks. The music videos are generally dedicated to the following seven purposes: the promotion of the Hezbollah, highlighting the importance of armed resistance against Israel, the glorification of martyrdom, spreading of anti-Americanism, denunciation of Israel and Zionism as the embodiments of terrorism, the appeals for the destruction of Israel, and the depiction of the future of Arab youths. The videos are on average three minutes long. The videos are usually professionally produced by the station itself and each usually takes about three to four days to make. The filler material usually consists of appeals to donate money to the Hezbollah, lists of demonstrations taking place worldwide, and slogans in English, Hebrew, or Arabic.

The station also offers sports broadcasting - such as the programs Goal and Tis'in daqiqa (Ninety Minutes) -, family programming - such as Al-mustakshifoun al-judud (The New Explorers), Al-Muslimoun fi al-Sin (Muslims in China), and Ayday al-khayr (Hands of Benevolence) -, game shows - including Al-mushahid shahid (The Viewer Is the Witness), where contestants attempt to guess the names of Israeli political and military figures, and Al-muhima (The Mission) -, and even a children's program called Al-manr al-saghir (The Little Manar), which is in the style of the US show Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood, targeting three- to seven-year-olds. Al-Manar also broadcasts Iranian soap operas, dubbed into Modern Standard Arabic.

During Ramadan, al-Manar features special programs, many of which are self-produced. In 2001, Izz al-Din al-Qassam: Qisat al-jihad wa al-muqawama (Izz al-Din al-Qassam: A Story of Jihad and Resistance), a four-part drama based on the life of Izz al-Din al-Qassam, an early-twentieth-century Arab, after whom the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades are named. It was considered a success among Palestinians. The 2002 program Faris bi la jawad (A Knight without a Horse), which was produced by an Egyptian, was based on The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, an old Russian anti-Semitic text claiming a conspiracy of Jews control the world, like many programs of the station. The 29-part series Ash-Shatat (The Diaspora), which was aired in 2003, was also based on The Protocols and produced in Syria; it led to the banning of al-Manar in France.

Religion
Al-Manar was the first TV station to report Hezbollah's condemnation of the 11 September attacks. Other non-state attacks against the United States have also been condemned on Al-Manar, including the 2000 USS Cole bombing suicide attack against a US Navy destroyer.

Al-Manar was once described as one of the channels, among other complex reasons, of the spread of Shiism in Syria in the years before 2009.

Until the Israeli withdrawal from South Lebanon, Al-Manar's programming political focus was mainly against the Israeli presence in Lebanon. While the withdrawal in May 2000 left a void in the station's programming, Hezbollah and A-Manar consider the Shebaa Farms to be Lebanese territory occupied by Israel, and this became a focal point for political programming. In September of that year, the al-Aqsa Intifada broke out, and Al-Manar began to cover the issue of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict more extensively, overtly propagandizing to support the Palestinian militants.

Journalistic standards and neutrality
According to Al Manar's news director, Hassan Fadlallah, Al Manar does not aim to be neutral in its broadcasting, "Neutrality like that of Al Jazeera is out of the question for us," Fadlallah said. "We cover only the victim, not the aggressor. CNN is the Zionist news network, Al Jazeera is neutral, and Al Manar takes the side of the Palestinians...He said Al Manar's opposition to neutrality means that, unlike Al Jazeera, his station would never feature interviews or comments by Israeli officials. "We're not looking to interview Sharon," Fadlallah said. "We want to get close to him in order to kill him."

Designation as a 'terrorist entity'
Al-Manar was placed on a US terrorist watchlist in December 2004. Reporters without Borders said that no evidence was presented of Al-Manar's involvement with terrorism. The main evidence provided for Al-Manar being anti-semitic was its partial showing, in October–November 2003, of the Syrian-produced 29-part series Ash-Shatat ("The Diaspora"). Lebanon's ambassador to the United States, Farid Abboud, protested: "If you want simply to demonize or eliminate one side, you're not going to advance the issue. If you are going to focus on one side simply because of the political message, it's unacceptable and it's a grave breach of the freedom of speech.".

In March 2006 Al-Manar was designated as a "Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity" by the United States, declaring it "owned or controlled by the Iran-funded Hezbollah terrorist network". As a result, Al-Manar was made subject to US sanctions.

Allegations of anti-Semitic programming
One of the satellite providers which has transmitted Al-Manar is the French satellite Hot Bird 4, owned by the Eutelsat Satellite organisation. On 13 December 2004, the French Conseil d'État, the highest administrative Court in France, ordered the French-based Eutelsat Company to shut down Al-Manar broadcasts following accusations that its programmes were anti-Semitic and could incite hatred. Al-Manar claims the French decision was political and not legal, influenced by Israel and Jewish lobbies.

According to German public television ARD 2023, the station broadcasts calls for the destruction of Israel and anti-Semitic incitement. This particularly includes statements from Hamas as well as from leaders of the Islamist Hezbollah organization in Lebanon. Hashem Safieddine, chairman of the Hezbollah Executive Council, used the channel to warn US President Joe Biden, Israel's Prime Minister President Netanyahu and the "evil Europeans" about his organization.

Al-Manar TV makes videos and texts with anti-Semitic stereotypes such as the conspiracy pamphlet "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" or the glorification of suicide bombers accessible worldwide.

Banning of broadcasts
Al-Manar was designated as a "Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity", and banned by the United States on 17 December 2004. After the U.S. Department of State placed Al-Manar on the Terrorist Exclusion List, transmissions to North America via Intelsat's satellites were blocked. Javed Iqbal, a resident of New York City, was the first person to charged under this law. He was charged by federal prosecutors with providing material support to a foreign terrorist organization by broadcasting Al Manar to American customers, in exchange for thousands of dollars payment. In a 2008 plea bargain, he agreed to serve a prison term of up to $6 1/2$ years. Saleh Elahwal, who also operated HDTV, was also charged and went on trial 5 January 2009. Donna Lieberman, executive director of the New York Civil Liberties Union, says it's constitutional for the government to outlaw businesses with direct operational ties to terrorist organizations, and media outlets that directly incite and direct violent action, but in this case, the government is trying to stop the spread of ideas. Mark Dubowitz, who founded the Coalition Against Terrorist Media in part to stop Al-Manar, said Al-Manar was "shouting fire in a crowded theater", although Lieberman disagreed with that metaphor.

The Dutch Media Authority "discovered that a satellite owned by New Skies Satellites was carrying Al-Manar and has ordered the company to stop doing so, because the channel did not have the required Dutch licence." Many, including Radio Netherlands Worldwide Media Network consider this to be a ban. Spanish authorities banned the retransmission of Al-Manar by Hispasat on 30 June 2005 (which effectively prevents its reception not only in the Iberian Peninsula but also in South America). It was also banned in France in 2004, and in Germany in 2008.

The lack of transmission from Intelsat had the effect of making Al-Manar unavailable in Canada, which some have interpreted as a "ban". While Al-Manar is not approved for distribution in Canada, there is no record of application for approval having been made.

TARBS World TV voluntarily stopped broadcasting al-Manar in Australia on 5 November 2003, 15 days into an investigation by the ABA regarding accusations of "broadcast programs that are likely to incite or perpetuate hatred against or gratuitously vilify any person or group on the basis of their ethnicity, nationality, race or religion". The report for this investigation was never finalised as TARBS had gone into receivership by that time. Al-Manar in August 2009 received approval for broadcast by Australian Communications and Media Authority.

On 22 June 2021, the official Al-Manar website domain as well as dozens of other Arab news network domains related to Iran, Lebanon and Syria were shut down by the government of the United States for spreading disinformation. It was also banned by multiple social media platforms including YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and Reddit.

The channel provides a live feed of its programming on the Internet through its website. This effectively circumvents the bans as Al-Manar is still available in all the areas it does not broadcast to via satellite.

Broadcasting via illegal IPTV services and streaming devices
According to a report by the security company NAGRA and the Digital Citizens Alliance, following an investigation into illegal IPTV services and illicit streaming devices, it indicated that 50% of these services include Al-Manar, making it available in countries where the channel has been banned due to links with Hezbollah.

On October 26, 2020, the Digital Citizens Alliance released a video warning of terrorist content that could include several of these illegal services, including Al-Manar.

Google and Apple applications
On 25 July 2012, Al Manar launched an application through Apple's iTunes app store, directing users to various content produced by the Hezbollah television station, including speeches by Hezbollah leader, Hassan Nasrallah.

However, the application was subsequently removed from iTunes and Google Play. Maha Abouelenein, Head of Communications for the Mena at Google, subsequently stated that "We remove applications that violate our policies, such as apps that are illegal or that promote hate speech" although she added that "We don't comment on individual applications – however, you can check out our policies for more."

Al Manar TV subsequently blamed "Israeli incitement against Al Manar TV" as the reason Al-Manar mobile apps were removed by Apple and Google. An Al-Manar TV reporter stated that: "Al Manar TV is once again targeted by America and Israel. The removal of the channel's mobile apps from the Google and Apple stores is a new attempt to curb Al-Manar's message of resistance.

Al Manar TV Director-General Abdallah Qasir stated that the removal of the apps "indicates that Al Manar TV has the ability to cause great harm to Israel, and that Israel is extremely annoyed by Al Manar becoming so widespread and by its great credibility. Israel cannot even bear to see the Al-Manar icon on smartphones." Abd Al-Hadi Mahfouz, president of the Lebanese National Media Council, also supported Al-Manar, arguing that: "This move contradicts all laws pertaining to radio and television, to the exercising of media liberties, and to the right of citizens, Western and Arab alike, to information." Rabi' Al-Ba'lbaki, the head of the Lebanese IT Association reportedly called for a boycott of Apple and Google if they do not restore service for Al-Manar's applications.

In a statement issued on 16 August 2012, Al Manar says it is "back on Ipad and Iphone applications via alternative ways, following the campaign carried out by the Jewish Anti-Defamation League to deactivate Al-Manar applications on smart phones at Google Play and apple store". In an effort to avoid distributor policies and control, the new applications are downloadable directly from Al-Manar's website, which is hosted British server. The website also provides instructions, along with screen shots, on configuring Android phones to accept applications "not sourced in Android Market" and for installing the application on iPhones.

In March 2014, Al Manar relaunched their application in Apple's iTunes store under the name "LCG."

title: Al-Manar


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Northrop M2-F2

The Northrop M2-F2 was a heavyweight lifting body based on studies at NASA's Ames and Langley research centers and built by the Northrop Corporation in 1966.

Development
The success of Dryden's M2-F1 program led to NASA's development and construction of two heavyweight lifting bodies based on studies at NASA's Ames and Langley research centers—the M2-F2 and the HL-10, both built by the Northrop Corporation. The "M" refers to "manned" and "F" refers to "flight" version. "HL" comes from "horizontal landing" and 10 is for the tenth lifting body model to be investigated by Langley.

On March 23, 1966 the M2-F2 made its first captive flight—attached to the B-52 carrier aircraft throughout. The first free gliding flight of the M2-F2 was on July 12, 1966, piloted by Milton O. Thompson. He was dropped from the B-52 carrier aircraft's wing pylon at an altitude of 45,000 ft and reached a speed of about 450 mph.

Operational history
Before powered flights were undertaken, a series of glide flights were conducted. On May 10, 1967, the sixteenth and last glide flight ended in disaster as the vehicle slammed into the lake bed on landing. With test pilot Bruce Peterson at the controls, the M2-F2 suffered a pilot induced oscillation (PIO) as it neared the lake bed. At the core of this problem was the fact that the wings of the M2-F2 (essentially the body of the aircraft) produced considerably less roll authority than most aircraft. This resulted in less force available to the pilot to control the aircraft in roll. The vehicle rolled from side to side in flight as he tried to bring it under control. Peterson recovered, but then observed a rescue helicopter that seemed to pose a collision threat. Distracted, Peterson drifted in a crosswind to an unmarked area of the lake bed where it was very difficult to judge the height over the ground because of a lack of guidance (the markers provided on the lake bed runway).

Peterson fired the landing rockets to provide additional lift, but he hit the lake bed before the landing gear was fully down and locked. The M2-F2 rolled over six times, coming to rest upside down. Pulled from the vehicle by Jay King and Joseph Huxman, Peterson was rushed to the base hospital, transferred to the March Air Force Base Hospital and then the UCLA Hospital. He recovered but lost vision in his right eye due to a staphylococcal infection.

Portions of M2-F2 footage including Peterson's spectacular crash landing were used for the 1973 television series The Six Million Dollar Man though some shots during the opening credits of the series showed the later HL-10 model, during release from its carrier plane, a modified B-52.

Four pilots flew the M2-F2 on its 16 glide flights. They were Milton O. Thompson (five flights), Bruce Peterson (three flights), Don Sorlie (three flights) and Jerry Gentry (five flights).

NASA pilots and researchers realized the M2-F2 had lateral control problems, even though it had a stability augmentation control system. When the M2-F2 was rebuilt at Dryden and redesignated the M2-F3, it was modified with an additional third vertical fin—centered between the tip fins to improve control characteristics.

The M2-F2/F3 was the first of the heavyweight, entry-configuration lifting bodies. Its successful development as a research test vehicle answered many of the generic questions about these vehicles.

M2-F2 flights

 * NASA M2-F2 - NASA 803, 16 unpowered flights

title: Northrop M2-F2


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Harding (crater)

Harding is a small lunar impact crater that lies in the Sinus Roris, a bay in the northwest part of the Oceanus Procellarum. Because of its location near the northwest limb of the Moon's near side, this crater is viewed at a relatively low angle from the Earth resulting in foreshortening and limiting the amount of detail that can be seen.

This is an isolated formation, making it relatively easy to find. The nearest craters of note are Gerard, farther to the west, and von Braun to the west-southwest. To the northeast of Harding is the smaller crater Dechen.

The rim of Harding has a sharp edge, and is not quite circular, with slight outward bulges to the north and west, and a somewhat angular corner in the southeast. The inner walls have slumped down, producing a ring of material around the interior floor. There is a slight ridge at the midpoint.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Harding.

title: Harding (crater)


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Name of Canada

While a variety of theories have been postulated for the name of Canada, its origin is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning 'village' or 'settlement'. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Cartier later used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona); by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the Saint Lawrence River as Canada.

From the 16th to the early 18th century, Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada. These two colonies were collectively named the Canadas until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841.

Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country at the London Conference, and the word Dominion was conferred as the country's title. By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth". The government of Louis St. Laurent ended the practice of using Dominion in the statutes of Canada in 1951.

The Canada Act 1982, which brought the constitution of Canada fully under Canadian control, referred only to Canada. Later that year, the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. The term Dominion was used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though after the Second World War the term federal had replaced dominion.

Etymology

The name Canada is now generally accepted as originating from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning 'village' or 'settlement'. Related translations include 'land' or 'town', with subsequent terminologies meaning 'cluster of dwellings' or 'collection of huts'. This explanation is historically documented in Jacques Cartier's Bref récit et succincte narration de la navigation faite en MDXXXV et MDXXXVI.

Although the Laurentian language, which was spoken by the inhabitants of St. Lawrence Valley settlements such as Stadacona (modern-day Quebec City) and Hochelaga (modern-day Montreal) in the 16th century, is now extinct, it was closely related to other dialects of the Iroquoian languages, such as the Oneida and Mohawk languages. Related cognates meaning 'town' include nekantaa, ganataje, and iennekanandaa in the Mohawk, Onondaga, and Seneca languages respectively. Prior to archaeological confirmation that the St. Lawrence Iroquois were a separate people from the Mohawk, most sources specifically linked the name's origin to the Mohawk word instead of the Laurentian one. A widespread perception in Canadian folklore is that Cartier misunderstood the term "Canada" as the existing proper name of the Iroquois people's entire territory rather than the generic class noun for a town or village. For instance, the Historica Canada's Heritage Minute episode devoted to Cartier's landing at Hochelaga is scripted as having Cartier believe that "Kanata" or "Canada" was the established name of the entire country. This is not supported by Cartier's own writings, however—in Bref récit, Cartier fully understands the actual meaning of the word ("They call a town Canada").

While the Saint-Lawrence Iroquoian origin for the name Canada is now widely accepted, other theories have been put forth in the past.

Iberian origin theory
The most common alternative theory suggested that the name originated when Portuguese or Spanish explorers, having explored the northern part of the continent and unable to find gold and silver, wrote cá nada ('nothing here' in Portuguese), acá nada, aqui nada or el cabo de nada ('Cape Nothing' in Spanish) on that part of their maps. An alternative explanation favoured by philologist Marshall Elliott linked the name to the Spanish word cañada, meaning 'glen' or 'valley'.

The earliest iterations of the Spanish "nothing here" theory stated that the explorers made the declaration upon visiting the Bay of Chaleur, while later versions left out any identifying geographic detail.

The known Portuguese presence in modern Canadian territory, meanwhile, was in Newfoundland and Labrador. Neither region is located anywhere near Iroquoian territory, and the name Canada does not appear on any Spanish or Portuguese maps of the North American coast that predate Cartier's visit. No name for the Bay of Chaleur is attested at all in Spanish sources from that period, while the only name for Newfoundland attested in Portuguese sources is Terra Nova do  Bacalhau, after the region's plentiful cod.

In most versions of the Iberian origin theory, the Spanish or Portuguese passed their name on to the Iroquois, who rapidly adopted it in place of their own prior word for a village; however, no historical evidence for any such Iberian-Iroquoian interaction has ever actually been found. Elliott's "valley" theory, conversely, was that the Spanish gave their name for the area directly to Jacques Cartier, who then entirely ignored or passed over the virtually identical Iroquoian word. According to Elliott, Cartier never explicitly stated that there was a direct connection between canada or kanata as the Iroquoian word for 'village' and Canada as the new name of the entire territory, and never accounted for the spelling difference between kanata and Canada—and thus the Spanish etymology had to be favoured because the spellings matched. Notably, Cartier never wrote of having any awareness of any preexisting Spanish or Portuguese name for the region either, meaning that Elliott's allegation that the kanata derivation was not adequately supported by Cartier's own writing on the matter was also true of his own preferred theory.

Franciscan priest André Thevet claimed that the word derived from segnada Canada, an answer reportedly given by Spaniards in the St. Lawrence Valley area when asked what their purpose was; according to Thevet, the phrase meant that they were seeking land or that they were hunting. These words do not actually exist in Spanish, however.

Minor or humorous theories
British philologist B. Davies surmised that by the same process which initially saw the First Nations mislabelled as Indians, the country came to be named for the Carnata region of India or that region's Kannada ethnic group; however, this theory has attracted no significant support from other academics.

Additional theories have attributed the name "Canada" to: a word in an unspecified indigenous language for 'mouth of the country' in reference to the Gulf of St. Lawrence; a Cree word for 'neat or clean'; a claimed Innu war cry of "kan-na-dun, Kunatun"; a shared Cree and Innu word, p'konata, which purportedly meant 'without a plan' or 'I don't know'; a short-lived French colony purportedly established by a settler whose surname was Cane; Jacques Cartier's description elsewhere in his writings of Labrador as "the land God gave to Cain;" or, to a claim that the early French habitants demanded a "can a day" of spruce beer from the local intendant (a claim easily debunked by the fact that the habitants would have been speaking French, not English).

In their 1983 book The Anglo Guide to Survival in Québec, humourists Josh Freed and Jon Kalina tied the Iberian origin theory to the phrase nada mas caca ('nothing but shit'). No historian or linguist has ever analyzed this explanation as anything more than an obvious joke.

Canadian
The demonym "Canadien" or "Canadian" once referred exclusively to the indigenous groups who were native to the territory. Its use was extended over time to the French settlers of New France, and later the English settlers of Upper Canada.

New France
European explorer Jacques Cartier transcribed the Saint-Lawrence Iroquoian word (pronounced ) as "Canada" and was the first European to use the word to refer not only to the village of Stadacona but also to the neighbouring region and to the Saint Lawrence River, which he called rivière de Canada during his second voyage in 1535. By the mid-1500s, European books and maps began referring to this region as Canada.

Canada soon after became the name of a colony in New France that stretched along the St. Lawrence River. The terms "Canada" and "New France" were often used interchangeably during the colonial period.

British North America
After the British conquest of New France (including ceding of the French colony, Canada) in 1763, the colony was renamed the Province of Quebec. Following the American Revolution and the influx of United Empire Loyalists into Quebec, the colony was split on 26 December 1791 into Upper and Lower Canada, sometime being collectively known as "The Canadas", the first time that the name "Canada" was used officially in the British regime.

Some reports from the 1840s suggest that in that era, the word "Canada" was commonly pronounced "Kaugh-na-daugh" rather than its more contemporary pronunciation.

Upper and Lower Canada were merged into one colony, the Province of Canada, in 1841, based on the recommendations of the Durham Report. The former colonies were then known as Canada East and Canada West, and a single legislature was established with equal representation from each. Underpopulated Canada West opposed demands by Canada East for representation by population, but the roles reversed as Canada West's population surpassed the east's. The single colony remained governed in this way until 1 July 1867, often with coalition governments. A new capital city was being built at Ottawa, chosen in 1857 by Queen Victoria, and became a national capital.

Selection of the name Canada
At the conferences held in London to determine the form of confederation that would unite the Province of Canada (now Ontario and Quebec), the province of New Brunswick, and the province of Nova Scotia, a delegate from either Nova Scotia or New Brunswick proposed the name Canada in February 1867, and it was unanimously accepted by the other delegates. There appears to have been little discussion, though other names were suggested.

Other proposed names
While the provinces' delegates spent little time, if any, in settling on Canada as the name for the new country, others proposed a variety of other names:

 * Anglia – the medieval Latin name for England
 * Albionoria – 'Albion of the north'
 * Borealia – from borealis, the Latin word for 'northern'; compare with Australia
 * Cabotia – in honour of Italian explorer John Cabot, who explored the eastern coast of Canada for England
 * Colonia
 * Efisga – an acronym of English, French, Irish, Scottish, German, American. (Some accounts state that the a stood for Aboriginal, but there was little or no use of that term to describe Indigenous peoples in Canada at the time. )
 * Hochelaga – an old name for Montreal
 * Laurentia
 * Mesopelagia – 'land between the seas'
 * New Albion
 * Norland
 * Superior
 * Tupona – acronym for The United Provinces of North America
 * Transatlantica
 * Ursalia – 'place of bears'
 * Vesperia – 'land of the evening star'
 * Victorialand – in honour of Queen Victoria

Walter Bagehot of The Economist newspaper in London argued that the new nation should be called Northland or Anglia instead of Canada. On these names, the statesman Thomas D'Arcy McGee commented, "Now I would ask any honourable member of the House how he would feel if he woke up some fine morning and found himself, instead of a Canadian, a Tuponian or a Hochelegander?".

Kingdom and Dominion
Working towards the Confederation of Canada, Canada's founders deliberated on the official title for their new country, primarily between the "Kingdom of Canada" or the "Dominion of Canada."

In J. S. Ewart's two volume work, The Kingdom Papers, it is noted that the following names were considered for the union of British North America: "The United Colony of Canada", "the United Provinces of Canada", and "the Federated Provinces of Canada". Ewart was also an ardent advocate for the formation of "the Republic of Canada", a position which was rarely expressed in those times.

Kingdom of Canada
During the Charlottetown Conference of 1864, John A. Macdonald, who later became the first Prime Minister of Canada, talked of "founding a great British monarchy," in connection with the British Empire. He advocated, in the fourth Canadian draft of the British North America Act (BNA Act), the name "Kingdom of Canada," in the text is said:

"The word 'Parliament' shall mean the Legislature or Parliament of the Kingdom of Canada.

The word 'Kingdom' shall mean and comprehend the United Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.

The words 'Privy Council' shall mean such persons as may from time to time be appointed, by the Governor General, and sworn to aid and advise in the Government of the Kingdom. ''"

Canada's founders, led by Macdonald, wished their new nation to be called the Kingdom of Canada in order to "fix the monarchical basis of the constitution." The governor general at the time, The 4th Viscount Monck, supported the move to designate Canada a kingdom; however, officials at the Colonial Office in London opposed this potentially "premature" and "pretentious" reference for a new country. They were also wary of antagonizing the United States, which had emerged from its Civil War as a formidable military power with unsettled grievances because British interests had sold ships to the Confederacy despite a blockade, and thus opposed the use of terms such as kingdom or empire to describe the new country.

Adoption of Dominion

Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley, Premier of New Brunswick, suggested the term Dominion, inspired by Psalm 72:8 (from the King James Bible): "He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth." This is also echoed in Canada's motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin for 'from sea to sea').

The term Dominion had been used for centuries to refer to the lands held by a monarch, and had previously been adopted as titles for the Dominion of New England and the Dominion and Colony of Virginia. It continued to apply as a generic term for the major colonial possessions of the British Empire until well into the 20th century; although Tilley and the other Fathers of Confederation broadened the meaning of the word dominion to a "virtual synonym for sovereign state." Its adoption as a title for Canada in 1867 served the purpose of upholding the monarchist principle in Canada; in a letter to Queen Victoria, Lord Carnarvon stated: "The North American delegates are anxious that the United Provinces should be designated as the 'Dominion of Canada.' It is a new title, but intended on their part as a tribute to the Monarchical principle which they earnestly desire to uphold."Macdonald, however, bemoaned its adoption. In a letter to Lord Knutsford on the topic of the loss of the use of the word kingdom, Macdonald said:

"A great opportunity was lost in 1867 when the Dominion was formed out of the several provinces…The declaration of all the B.N.A. provinces that they desired as one dominion to remain a portion of the Empire, showed what wise government and generous treatment would do, and should have been marked as an epoch in the history of England. This would probably have been the case had Lord Carnarvon, who, as colonial minister, had sat at the cradle of the new Dominion, remained in office. His ill-omened resignation was followed by the appointment of the late Duke of Buckingham, who had as his adviser the then Governor General, Lord Monck - both good men, certainly, but quite unable, from the constitution of their minds, to rise to the occasion. Had a different course been pursued, for instance, had united Canada been declared to be an auxiliary kingdom, as it was in the Canadian draft of the bill, I feel sure almost that the Australian colonies would, ere this, have been applying to be placed in the same rank as The Kingdom of Canada."

He added as a postscript that it was adopted on the suggestion of British colonial ministers to avoid offending republican sensibilities in the United States:

"P.S. On reading the above over I see that it will convey the impression that the change of title from Kingdom to Dominion was caused by the Duke of Buckingham. This is not so. It was made at the instance of Lord Derby, then foreign minister, who feared the first name would wound the sensibilities of the Yankees. I mentioned this incident in our history to Lord Beaconsfield at Hughenden in 1879, who said, 'I was not aware of the circumstance, but it is so like Derby, a very good fellow, but who lives in a region of perpetual funk.'"

Use of the term dominion was formalized in 1867 through Canadian Confederation. In the Constitution of Canada, namely the Constitution Act, 1867 (British North America Acts), the preamble of the act indicates:

"Whereas the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick have expressed their Desire to be federally united into One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom...."

Moreover, section 2 indicates that the provinces:

"... shall form and be One Dominion under the Name of Canada; and on and after that Day those Three Provinces shall form and be One Dominion under that Name accordingly."

French terms
The French translation of the 1867 British North America Act) translated "One Dominion under the Name of Canada" as "une seule et même Puissance sous le nom de Canada" using Puissance ('power') as a translation for dominion. Later, the English loanword dominion was also used in French.

The Fathers of Confederation met at the Quebec Conference of 1864 to discuss the terms of this new union. One issue on the agenda was to determine the Union's "feudal rank" (see Resolution 71 of the Quebec Conference, 1864). The candidates for the classification of this new union were: le Royaume du Canada ('the Kingdom or Realm of Canada'), l'Union du Canada ('the Union of Canada'), and le Dominion du Canada ('the Dominion of Canada').

Use of Dominion
There are numerous references in United Kingdom Acts of Parliament to "the Dominion of Canada;" and the British North America Act, 1867 referred to the formation of "one Dominion under the name of Canada." Section 4 of the BNA Act also declares that: "Unless it is otherwise expressed or implied, the Name Canada shall be taken to mean Canada as constituted under this Act;" this has been interpreted to mean that the title of the country is simply Canada. The term "Dominion of Canada" appears in the Constitution Act, 1871—the usage of which was "sanctioned" —and both "Canada" and "Dominion of Canada" appear in other texts of the period, as well as on numerous Canadian banknotes before 1935.

Until the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was commonly used to identify the country. As the country acquired political authority and autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government began using simply Canada on state documents. Quebec nationalist leaders also objected to dominion, arguing that it suggested Ottawa would have control over Quebec.

Under Prime Minister Louis St-Laurent, compromises were reached that quietly, and without legislation, "Dominion" would be retired in official names and statements, usually replaced by "federal". The St. Laurent government thereby ended the practice of using "Dominion" in the Statutes of Canada in 1951.

The independence of the separate Commonwealth realms was emphasised after the accession of Queen Elizabeth II in 1952, when she was proclaimed not just as Queen of the United Kingdom, but also Queen of Canada, Queen of Australia, Queen of New Zealand, Queen of South Africa, and of all her other "realms and territories". This also reflected the change from dominion to realm; in the proclamation of Queen Elizabeth II's new titles in 1953, the phrase "of her other Realms and Territories" replaced "dominion" with another mediaeval French word with the same connotation, "realm" (from royaume).

With that said, the national holiday of "Dominion Day" kept that name until 1982, when a private member's bill to replace the name with Canada Day that had received first reading in May 1980 was unexpectedly passed in the House. In the Senate, Eugene Forsey and the Monarchist League of Canada strongly defended the traditional usage. When a Gallup poll showed 70% of all Canadians favoured the change, the Senate approved the bill without a recorded vote.

The Canada Act 1982 refers only to Canada and does not use the term dominion. No constitutional statute amends this name, nor does any Canadian legal document state that the name of the country is anything other than Canada. Moreover, official sources of the United Nations system, international organizations (such as the Organization of American States), the European Union, the United States, and other polities with which Canada has official relations as a state either consistently use Canada as the only official name, affirm that Canada has no long-form name, or affirm that the formal name is simply Canada.

The terms Dominion and Dominion of Canada are still considered to be appropriate, although arcane, titles for the country. The federal government continues to produce publications and educational materials that specify the currency of these titles, although these publications are not themselves legal or official documents. For instance, in 2008 the Canadian government registered the Maple Leaf Tartan, designed in 1964, with the Scottish Tartans Authority. The tartan's alternate name is "Dominion of Canada."

The term Dominion and Dominion of Canada is also used in a colonial historical sense, having been used to distinguish contemporary (post-1867) Canada from either the earlier Province of Canada or from the even earlier The Canadas and modern history of the current realms. The terms have also been used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though in this usage, "federal" has replaced "dominion". For example, The Canadian Almanac stopped using Dominion of Canada in 1964.

title: Name of Canada


text:
User:Naia Venturi

Naia Venturi is and engineer, puppeteer and artist and is the proprietor of Dreamland Theater

Some articles:

~art related~

Interview about A.K.A. Jimmy Picard by Mark Maynard

Concentrate article by Megan Pennefather

Metro Times article by Corey Hall

Ann Arbor Observer review of Unabomber Love Story by Laura Bartlett

Eastern Echo story by Michael Greenlee

Ann Arbor Observer review of puppet exhibition by Laura Bartlett

Current article about Alice in Phantasmagoria by Maria Alejandra Perez

Metro Times article by Eve Doster

Ann Arbor News article by Catherine Lowrie

State News article by Samona Combs

~science/engineering related~

Patent

Research Gate

Phys Rev Letters article on my undergraduate thesis project ~ Marginal stability and chaos in coupled faults modeled by nonlinear circuits.

Another article on the same project ~ Experimental Study of a Spring-Block Model of Earthquake Faults using an Electronic Circuit.

title: User:Naia Venturi


text:
Hargreaves (crater)

Hargreaves is a lunar impact crater that lies in the eastern part of the Moon, to the east of the Mare Fecunditatis. It is located to the west of the crater Maclaurin, and was previously designated Maclaurin S before being given a name by the IAU in 1979. Just to the southeast is Morley, and to the west is Webb.

This crater has nearly merged with the larger Maclaurin H to the north, and the interior of both formations has been flooded by lava. As a result, Hargreaves is now an amphitheater-like formation with a wide gap in the northern rim. There is a slight notch in the southern rim, and a small craterlet is attached to the western outer rim.

title: Hargreaves (crater)


text:
User talk:67.149.176.160

May 2020
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title: User talk:67.149.176.160


text:
Upper Black Eddy, Pennsylvania

Upper Black Eddy, locally referred to as UBE, is a village located in northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The village is 58 mi west-southwest of New York City and 45 mi north of Philadelphia.

Upper Black Eddy is officially part of Bridgeton Township, which also borders the adjacent borough of Milford, New Jersey via the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission's free Upper Black Eddy-Milford Bridge over the Delaware River.

History
Upper Black Eddy originates from the Black family, who operated a hotel at this point on the Delaware River and did share part of its unique name with the former village of (Lower Black Eddy) now known as Point Pleasant, Pennsylvania.

The village's growth in the early 19th century was due to the opening of the Pennsylvania Canal passing through the village as a result canal-related businesses sprang up quickly, including a shipyard, mule stables, general store and several hotels; the most notable was the Upper Black Eddy Inn. This was later transformed into Chef Tell's Manor House, which closed in 2004 and was demolished in 2010.

The Upper Black Eddy portion of the Pennsylvania Canal was also known as "Candy Bend". Origins of that name are due to the canal boats throwing coal to the residents as they threw candy back to the boats. There is no conclusive evidence to validate this local lore.

Upper Black Eddy has two notable geographic features:

 * Ringing Rocks Park. This is a four-acre (16,000 m2) boulder field of weathered Diabase rocks, some of which "ring" much like a bell when struck with a hammer. This park also includes Buck County's highest waterfall situated on High Rocks Creek.
 * Nockamixon Cliffs. 400 foot shale cliffs overlooking the Delaware River is located within the Delaware Canal State Park.

Notable people

 * Danny Federici, organ, glockenspiel, and accordion player for Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band
 * Leslie Parrish, actress, The Manchurian Candidate and Li'l Abner
 * Bill White, former Major League Baseball player and executive who later became a New York Yankees sportscaster
 * Wolfgang Zuckermann, musician

title: Upper Black Eddy, Pennsylvania


text:
Cahora Bassa (HVDC)

Cahora-Bassa (previously spelled Cabora Bassa) is a separate bipolar HVDC power transmission line between the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectric Generation Station at the Cahora Bassa Dam in Mozambique, and Johannesburg, South Africa.

History
The system was built between 1974 and 1979 and can transmit 1920 megawatts at a voltage level of 533 kilovolts DC and 1800 Amperes. Thyristor valves are used, which unlike most other HVDC schemes are mounted outdoors and not in a valve hall. The valves are grouped into eight, 133 kV six-pulse bridges in series at each end. The 1420 km long powerline runs through inaccessible terrain, so it is mostly built as monopolar lines 1 km apart. In case of a single line failure, transmission with reduced power is possible via the surviving pole and return through the earth.

Cahora-Bassa was out of service from 1985 to 1997 because of the Mozambican Civil War in the region. The project was beset with technological challenges, most notable of these being the adoption of solid-state rectification devices in a large-scale commercial installation. Mercury-arc valves had been the de facto standard for HVDC up to this time. Cahora Bassa was the first HVDC scheme ordered with thyristor valves, though its operation was delayed. It was also the first HVDC scheme operational in Africa, and the first anywhere in the world to operate above 500 kV. Significant commercial hurdles, culminating in hearings at an International Arbitration Tribunal seated in Lisbon, in 1988, also had to be overcome.

Following a refurbishment exercise, the scheme was put back into commercial operation in October 1997. Between 2006 and 2009 the thyristor valves at the Apollo converter station were replaced by more modern water-cooled thyristor valves.

Construction and ownership
The Cahora-Bassa transmission project was a joint venture of the two electrical utilities, Electricity Supply Commission (ESCOM, as it was known prior to 1987), latterly Eskom, Johannesburg, South Africa and Hidroelectrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB), a firm owned 15% by the government of Portugal and 85% by Mozambique. Equipment was constructed and supplied by ZAMCO, which was a consortium of AEG-Telefunken JV, Brown Boveri Company, and Siemens AG of Germany. Brown Boveri subsequently became part of ABB and AEG subsequently became part of Alstom.

The commercial arrangements also included Electricidade de Moçambique (EDM) which took supply from Cahora Bassa through a wheeling arrangement with Eskom. Effectively, Eskom supplied southern Mozambique (Maputo) from the then Eastern Transvaal at 132 kV with the sales deducted from the HCB supply to Eskom. The tripartite agreement was suspended due to force majeure when the line from Cahora Bassa was unavailable in the 1980s.

The system was commissioned in three stages starting in March 1977 with four six-pulse bridges, and in full operation of eight bridges on 15 March 1979.

Transmission line
The power line runs from the Songo converter station, which is near the hydroelectric station and normally operates as a rectifier, to the Apollo converter station near Johannesburg, which normally operates as an inverter. Each of the self-supporting steel towers along the route carries two bundles of four 565 square millimetre (1120 kcmil) cables, and a single 117 square millimetre (231 kcmil) grounding conductor. There are approximately 7,000 towers with an average span of 426 m.

The maximum span is 700 m using reinforced towers. Earth return for unipolar operation is provided by buried graphite electrodes at each station. The DC line has smoothing reactors and surge arrester capacitors at each station.

Northeast of Apollo Converter Station the poles of HVDC Cahora Bassa undercross several 400 kV AC lines at 25°54'58"S 28°16'46"E respectively 25°54'57"S 28°16'51"E in such a low altitude that the area under the line may not be walked on and is fenced in.

The two lines are named as Zeus and Apollo respectively.

Thyristor valves
Cahora Bassa was one of the first HVDC schemes built with thyristor valves from its inception. Unusually, the thyristor valves are outdoor mounted. In the original installation they were oil filled for both cooling and electrical insulation. The only other HVDC scheme in the world equipped in this way from the outset was the first phase – now decommissioned – of the Shin Shinano frequency converter in Japan. Each valve tank contains two valves, forming a double-valve connecting the two DC terminals to one single-phase, two-winding converter transformer. Each six-pulse bridge contains three such tanks and hence each station contains 24 double-valves.

The development work for the thyristor valves began in the late 1960s when the only thyristors available at the time were, by today’s standards, small, and were rated only 1.6 kV each. In the first phase of the project (4 bridges at each end) each valve contained 280 such thyristors in series with two in parallel – the largest number ever used in a single HVDC valve.

Phases 2 and 3 used improved thyristors with a rating of 2.4 kV each and only required 192 in series per valve – still a large number by modern standards – with two in parallel. As a result, each converter station contained a total of 22,656 thyristors.

Other equipment
The thyristors also had poor transient overcurrent capability, so another unusual feature of the scheme was the existence of overcurrent diverters between the valves and transformers, although these were later decommissioned at the Apollo station.

AC filters tuned to the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics of the 50 Hz power supply are installed at each station, approximately 195 MVAr at Apollo and 210 MVAr at Songo.

There are two PLC repeater stations: one at Gamaboi in South Africa and one at Catope in Mozambique.

Repairing the war damage
After the civil war ended in 1992, one of the many effects of the decade of strife was the damage to the HVDC transmission lines. Nearly all of the 4200 transmission line towers located on the 893 km of line in Mozambique needed to be replaced or refurbished. This work was started in 1995 and took until late 1997 to complete. The system was restored to full power transmission capacity by 1998.

Subsequently, Eskom has commenced electricity supply to Mozambique at 400 kV, under terms similar to the original wheeling agreement, from the Arnot Power Station in Mpumalanga, via Swaziland. The principal purpose of this infrastructure is to provide bulk electricity supplies to the Mozal Aluminium Smelter operated by BHP.

The Memorandum of Understanding, signed on 2 November 2007, means that Mozambique will by the end of 2007 be in charge of a project located on its soil but on which it had no control for the past 30 years due to contractual obligations with Portugal.

The new arrangement gives Mozambique 85 percent of the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectric (HCB) project while Portugal will retain only 15 percent. The project has a capacity to produce 2,000 megawatts of electricity and is one of the main suppliers of power to the Southern African Power Pool.

Mozambique will, however, need to pay US$950 million to the Portuguese government as compensation for the post civil-war reconstruction and maintenance of the dam.

The civil war resulted in serious damage to the transmission infrastructure, forcing the Portuguese government to pay about US$2.5 billion out of pocket to repair it.

Apollo station upgrade
In 2006 ABB was awarded a contract to replace the thyristor valves at the Apollo station. The outdoor mounting concept was retained, but each of the new housings contains a complete six-pulse bridge instead of only two valves, and the replacement thyristor valves are of a more conventional air insulated, water-cooled design using 125mm, 8.5 kV thyristors. 36 such thyristors are connected in series in each valve, without parallel connection, and the new valves are capable of a subsequent upgrade to 600 kV, 3300 A. At the same time, the AC filters were replaced.

title: Cahora Bassa (HVDC)


text:
User talk:Phi beta

Hello. I need soem help.

I revert the damaged article on Acharya S, and James and her other followers revert it back.

Can you please help here by lookign at my pld verisosn and see hwo they are bias? And then PM Me with suggestiosn on my own page? Ive contacted other admins. Thanks.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Phi beta


text:
Talk:HVDC Kingsnorth

Pictures required
Pictures from the former stations and the used equipment should be added

Untitled
Bring more details in the history of HVDC Kingsnorth!

Shut-down
When was it shut-down? According http://www.ece.uidaho.edu/hvdcfacts/Projects/HVDCProjectsListingMay2008-existing.pdf it was in 1987. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.46.199.54 (talk) 17:04, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:HVDC Kingsnorth


text:
Saharan

Saharan may refer to:
 * It can be Jat surname of Indian Origin
 * Someone or something from the Sahara desert
 * Sahrawi people (also spelled Saharawi), the indigenous people of Western Sahara
 * Saharan languages, a subgroup of the Nilo-Saharan languages

title: Saharan


text:
Cingapura project

The Cingapura project is a low-cost housing initiative in São Paulo, Brazil. It is designed to try to move the poor population from favelas (shanty towns), where one quarter of people in São Paulo now live, into more permanent structures. This approach mimicked that of the Housing Development Board (HDB) in Singapore (where over 80% of the population lives in HDB-developed public housing ), hence the name Cingapura ("Singapore"). These structures are often called 'superblocks'.

They were intended to have a supply of electricity, a good water supply and sewer pipes. On top of this, residential security guards were to be employed to reduce crimes which were and are rife throughout the favelas in Brazil. Much of the work was to be done by the residents of the favelas themselves, the project being dubbed a 'self-help' project. The existing favelas were to be cleared and building materials provided for the builders for free. One of the major difficulties in building on the sites of the favelas was the large slopes on which they are built. This difficult terrain was the only reason the owners of the land did not use it. Levelling the land was very expensive and eventually proved too expensive; only a tenth of the proposed apartments were completed, with the focus being on residents living on marginal land, like floodplains.

Some residents are not happy with the way the project has developed. Many of the towers were not completed, leaving a skyline of half-finished buildings and empty shacks. Some residents are very frustrated at the way the government have treated them. Many have moved away, or committed suicide. Also, many artisans who could practice their craft in a more free environment could not do so, as the buildings were closely controlled by the owners.

Those that were built were not very successful, as many of the families from the favelas found that the new apartments were too much of a change of environment. They did not like the fact they couldn't extend on their new apartments, and many attempted to bring their livestock into the flats. Only 14,000 of the 140,000 projected apartments were actually built. Recently, a reported 6,000 apartments are likely to be built.

title: Cingapura project


text:
Talk:Monkey (TV series)

Monkey / Monkey Magic
If I recall, Monkey Magic was an animated series which aired on Fox; the series broadcast by the BBC in the late 70s was definitely live action (I used to watch it avidly), so I'm not sure that these are one and the same, although they are undoubtably derived from the same original story.

--David Breakey 17:40, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (scrutinizes history) Ah, I see what happened. Somebody created an article on the animated Monkey Magic, and somebody else came along later and thought they meant the non-animated Monkey aka "Monkey Magic", and merged the two articles. --Paul A 03:50, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Obtaining the series
I guess this means that it's not available in the US, huh? Bummer. Anyone know who I'd go prostrate myself to to try and get this changed? What's the deal with the copyright?

--David Breakey 19:21, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't know what the deal is with the copyright: the page I was using as a source just says "The English version was released to Britain, Australia, and maybe even Canada, but has never been released to the US because of copyright problems."
 * For what it's worth, that site's FAQ says the series may get a US DVD release at some point. --Paul A 07:25, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I could send you it, but I wouldn't want to inflict this terrible programme on you. — Gulliver ✉  19:16, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

I think the live action series "Monkey!" was also colloquilly known as "Monkey Magic" due to the title song - which may have added to the confusion.

Re: chinese names and their english counterparts you say that Tripitakas name in Chinese is Xuanzang. The spelling I have is Hsüan Tsang, which is by the by - just different attempts to express the sounds in the Western alphabet. The point I was going to make is that in the series (as in the book) Tripitaka has this name at the beginning but is given the name Tripitaka when he commences his quest for the scriptures. Tripitaka means "three baskets" and is also the name of the scriptures themselves. I would imagine the name Tripitaka is used in the Japanese as well - it's Chinese in origin.

Actually I believe Tripitaka is Sanskrit in origin - see Wikipedia's article on Tripitaka. --PhilG

Chronology
"Monkey is released by the priest Tripitaka in 630 AD"... I don't recall this or any specific time period mentioned in the show. The only reference to year is in the theme of the 2nd series, where narrator says "The time might have been a thousand years ago." Be careful not to confuse the myth with the chronology of the real life "Tripitaka" (Xuanzang). --Jquarry 21:45, 21 September 2005 (UTC) -- Probably right. I've just re-watched the first three episodes (hence my edits), and it is frequently stated that Monkey had been in/under the mountain for 500 years. But I recall no exact date. Leegee23 (talk) 16:47, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

630 AD is the timeframe for the original historical figure on which Journey to the West is based. However, that doesn't indicate that the show is set at this time. There is a line in a later episode mentioning that a drop of wine from the jade cup broken by Sandy in heaven was ingested by Ghengis Khan and that this caused great problems. This would be anachronistic for the 630 AD setting.

Remake
A remake is currently being shown on Japanese television. It stars Kattori Shingo (from Japanese Pop Band "Smap") in the lead role and is very popular, despite the majority of the audience (youngsters) not realising that it is indeed a remake. Incidentally, the original star of Monkey (Sakai Maasaki) is a relatively popular TV celebrity, often appearing on various Quiz Shows and once having his own cooking show. He hasn't changed much! By Milly - 20th January.

The new show doesn't seem to be a replica remake. But its good nonetheless, having some funny moments (and It would probably be funnier if my Japanese was better). Shingo Katori really hams up his Monkey/Son-Goku moments. Here's the J-wiki article, and Fuji's site --ZayZayEM 06:31, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Odd sentence
" Companies from South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China, Malaysia and the United Kingdom are not trying to secure rights to broadcast this 11 episode first series. "

If they aren't, then this sentence is redundant. Or is someone having a laugh?White43 (talk) 16:31, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:DVD-Monkey-Episodes-1-3.jpg
Image:DVD-Monkey-Episodes-1-3.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:48, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Monkey-magic-single-cover.jpg
Image:Monkey-magic-single-cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 22:32, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Monkey-masaaki-sakai-photo.jpg
Image:Monkey-masaaki-sakai-photo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 22:33, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Spoken word introduction
This says: Each episode of the English language series begins with the following spoken word introduction, given in a dramatically breathless faux-oriental accent:

Why "faux"? The narrator is Bert Kwouk isn't he? His Chinese accent is entirely genuine having grown up in Shanghai. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.74.11.226 (talk) 12:05, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

When Bert Kwouk did 'Kung Fu Night' on BBC2 many, many years ago his voice sounded slightly similar to his speech during the opening narration. If he was using his 'normal' voice for kung fu night, the voice he used during the opening narration was overly 'put on' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.3.206.254 (talk) 01:49, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

Japanese Release/Subtitles
Does anyone know if the series was ever released in its original Japanese with subtitles? Having watched the series in English a fair few times, I'd love to know what the episodes were really about! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.3.206.254 (talk) 01:46, 9 July 2008 (UTC)

 * The thirteen unaired episodes are available on DVD in the original Japanese with English subtitles. Wayne (talk) 08:25, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

In the opening sentence, the phrase "- but not a subtitling of the original version -" seems unnecessary and confusing. Shall we delete it? Earthlyreason (talk) 08:55, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

Buddhist Symbolims
The article doesn't yet have any great reference to or list of Buddhist symbols, yet the whole show is a Buddhist tale, rich in parables, symbols, and references. Most of these are explained in narration or dialogue, such as Tripitaka's name be explained as meaning "three baskets" (Ep.02): The Tripitaka being about as close to a Canon as Buddhism comes. Monkey: buddhist symbol for the opposite of enlightenment, the chattering monkey mind being the opposite of the zen mind. Worth listing? Leegee23 (talk) 16:52, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

countries where this t.v. show was aired
this show aired in the early 1980s in Uruguay, dubbed into Spanish.

it was also for us a 6 o'clock tradition.

did i mention we also have tea? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.227.158.153 (talk) 08:03, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

edit on where the show aired
i watched this show as a child in uruguay, in spanish. i thought that it would be important to denote the fact that the show was aired little after production in non english speaking countries. i suspect the bbc themselves translated the show. i went ahead and edited the article.

this is all i have added to the article:

"The show aired in Uruguay (dubbed into Spanish) in the early 1980's."

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.227.158.153 (talk) 08:21, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

i agree that there is a lack guidance in the article as to the origins of the story
the story 'a journey to the west' upon which this show is based is one of the four classics of chinese literature.

the show itself is a spring of Buddhist teachings.

i agree. we need a reference to Buddhism .but i would not know how to properly express that. i dare not edit the article in reference to Buddhism.

but for the hell of it, here is the text of the introduction to season one:

“In the worlds before Monkey, primal chaos reigned. Heaven sought order, but the phoenix can fly only when it's feathers are grown. The four worlds formed again and yet again, As endless aeons wheeled and passed. Time and the pure essences of Heaven, the moistures of the Earth,and the powers of the Sun and the Moon all worked upon a certain rock - old as creation, and it magically became fertile... that first egg was named 'thought' tathagata buddha, the father buddha said: with our thoughts we make the world Elemental forces caused the egg to hatch. From it then came a stone monkey... The nature of Monkey was irrepressible!"

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.227.158.153 (talk) 08:30, 1 May 2011 (UTC)

Pigsy's voice in second series
The article lists Peter Woodthorpe as the voiceover for Pigsy. In the second series though there is a new Japanese actor, and also a huge and noticeable diference in the voice. Is this really Peter Woodthorpe with a new voice for the new persona? Or is it another voiceover actor? Tried researching this and haven't got an answer yet, and the videos themselves are not credited with voiceover artists (alas). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bwechner (talk • contribs) 21:47, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

 * I don't think Pigsy's voice change coincides with the actor change. I've got hold of all 52 episodes, and I've noticed that the 39 episodes that were dubbed in English for the original run don't list the voice actors in the credits, but the remaining 13 episodes (which are all from the 2nd season) dubbed in 2004 do. The actors listed in the credits of those episodes are: David Collings (Monkey), Peter Woodthorpe (Pigsy), Gareth Armstrong (Sandy), Maria Warburg (Tripitaka), Andrew Sachs (Yu-Lung/Dragon) & Burt Kwouk (Narrator). To my ears, Monkey & Tripitaka sound like the original voice actors (I've read elsewhere that Miriam Margolyes originally voiced Tripitaka, but I don't believe that); Sandy is a bit different, but could well be the original voice actor (the difference being due to age); Pigsy sounds very different, and Burt Kwouk was obviously not the original narrator. In the 2nd season episodes that were dubbed for the original run, Pigsy's voice is the same as in the 1st season, even though the character was played by a different Japanese actor. Monkey fans sites list Peter Woodthorpe as Pigsy's original voice actor, but I'm not sure whether that's true. If it is, he must have forgotten how to do the voice by 2004. Philgp (talk) 01:30, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Monkey Heaven seems to have some lots of info, and this page claims that all the original voice actors except Frank Duncan (the narrator), who died in 1995, were used to dub the additional 13 episodes in 2004. That site also mentions that Peter Woodthorpe died only a month after completing his work on those episodes, which makes my above comment about him having forgotten how to do Pigsy's voice seem a bit harsh, now. Philgp (talk) 02:20, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

movie version
There is apparently a movie version - I'm watching it on (Australian) SBS at the moment. Clearly based on the original, although the visual FX suggest it is fairly recent (last few years). Here's all I could find about it - SBS Monkey. Manning (talk) 12:14, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I just found the IMDB page as well. The credits for the movie rolled over the "In Gandara" song, which ended the TV shows. Manning (talk) 12:21, 24 December 2011 (UTC)

Aus/NZ Remake 2017/8
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-20/monkey-magic-to-get-a-reboot/8457782

No Asian actors (the original used Japanese, rather than Chinese!) - social and MSM already decrying this http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/why-are-there-no-chinese-actors-in-the-legend-of-the-monkey/news-story/924ec24dc29831d70a4f2836e4d91e2b

"Like remaking a Jackie Chan movie using Chuck Norris "

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitewashing_in_film 60.242.247.177 (talk) 01:36, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

"Remakes"
Please be careful declaring that this series has been "remade"/"rebooted" or will be "remade"/"rebooted". There needs to be credible sources that specifically link the project to this 70s Japanese TV series, not just the "Journey to the West" story in general, which is being adapted/reinterpreted all the time. I've removed references to other media adaptations of the original 16th century story. 90.205.60.92 (talk) 21:49, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

Red links
As per WP:RED, "a red link should be allowed to remain in an article if it links to a term that could plausibly sustain an article... Do not remove red links unless you are certain that Wikipedia should not have an article on the subject". 2.127.111.101 (talk) 17:37, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * WP:RED also states that a red link should be created "to indicate that a page will be created soon or that an article should be created for the topic because the subject is notable and verifiable". Do you have plans to do that? As I stated in my previous edit summary, these have been red links for a long time, in fact since 2012, with no article linkage. Also, is every screenwriter/producer/director for a television programme automatically deserving of an article? WP:GNG requires that "If a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject, it is presumed to be suitable for a stand-alone article" [all emphasis in the original]. Blurryman (talk) 21:42, 12 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes, most screenwriters/producers/directors of a famous show like Monkey are "deserving" of an article, i.e. they are notable. Many of the sources are in Japanese language which likely explains why articles have not been created yet. Anyway, there are far more serious concerns with this article, especially lack of citations, to address first. 2.127.111.101 (talk) 13:39, 13 September 2017 (UTC)

UK broadcast - BBC?
I am looking for full proof, but I am quite sure Monkey was originally dubbed into English and broadcast on Wales HTV. (Now ITV Wales and West) HTV has had a long history of taking non-English language TV series from around the world and dubbing them into both English and Welsh. Indeed, Welsh broadcasting of Japanese anime was already well established by the mid 1970s. I distinctly remember an episode of Marine Boy being accidentally broadcast in Japanese on HTV. After favourable responses, many programmes then found their way to other ITV networks and the BBC. The greater the response, the more likely the transition from HTV to BBC. HTV, though a commercial channel, worked closely with BBC Wales in production of BBC's own Welsh language broadcasts. It is therefore no surprise Journey to the West would end up being broadcast nationally by the BBC. So far I have not obtained documentary proof, but as HTV already had an established dubbing and translation process for Japanese to English and Welsh, it does not seem much of a leap to guess HTV were heavily involved in bringing Monkey to UK screens. Perhaps it was broadcast on HTV in Wales and BBC (BBC-2) in the rest of the country near simultaneously. The short time between the first Japanese broadcasts and the first UK broadcasts listed would indicate this may have been the case. Comments please. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:470:1E01:2:657E:3888:4786:F45D (talk) 08:39, 14 October 2019 (UTC)

Removal of unnecessary fancruft to talkpage
As per WP:FANCRUFT, I have moved this section from the article because the production crew is not notable.

 * Production crew

Series 1
Journey to the West
 * Planning: Tsuneo Hayakawa
 * Writer: David Weir
 * Screenplay
 * Mamoru Sasaki
 * Isao Okishima
 * Tetsuro Abe
 * Hirokazu Fuse
 * Motoo Nagai
 * James Miki
 * Yu Tagami
 * Eiichiro Shiba
 * Fumio Ishinomori
 * Kei Tasaka
 * Motomu Furuta
 * Yoichi Onaka
 * Yuuchiro Yamane

 * English Dub Director: Michael Bakewell
 * Directors
 * Yusuke Watanabe
 * Jun Fukuda
 * Daisuke Yamazaki
 * Yasutaka Tanaka
 * Kazuo Ikehiro
 * Yoshiyuki Kuroda

Crew
 * Producers
 * Muneo Yamada
 * Tadahiro Nagatomi
 * Satoshi Katori
 * Kazuo Morikawa
 * Ken Kumagai

 * Film Cameraman
 * Yukio Yada

 * Studio Lighting
 * Nobuo Maehara

 * Film Sound
 * Worldwide Sound

 * Designer
 * Masatoshi Kato

 * Incidental Music
 * Mickey Yoshino

 * Songs by
 * Godiego

 * Additional Music & Special Sound by
 * BBC Radiophonic Workshop (Uncredited)

 * Film editor
 * Yasuo Hiraki

 * Music Selecting
 * Shigeru Yamakawa

 * Sound effects
 * Miyata Sound

 * Sound coordinator
 * Hiroshi Toyoda

 * Assistant director (director for Episodes 21, 22)
 * Satoshi Aoki

 * Chief of operations
 * Takatsune Nishijima

 * Costume designer
 * Kotaro Maki

 * Period verification
 * Karajun

 * Stunt Arranger
 * Kanzo Uni

Visual effects
 * Visual Effects Designers
 * Koichi Takano
 * Kiyoshi Suzuki
 * Kazuo Sagawa
 * Teruyoshi Nakano
 * Shinichi Kanzawa

 * Visual effects Cameraman
 * Shohei Sekiya

 * Lighting
 * Teruo Iida

 * Designer
 * Akihiko Iguchi

 * Wire operator
 * Eiji Shirakuma

 * Special photographic effects
 * Minoru Nakano
 * Takeshi Miyanishi

 * Assistant directors
 * Yoshiyuki Yoshimura
 * Shinichi Kanzawa
 * Kenji Suzuki

 * Chief of Production
 * Ichizo Koike

 * Produced in association with
 * Tsuburaya Productions
 * Tanabe Agency
 * KHK Arts
 * Takatsu Decorating and Art
 * Toho Costumes
 * Kawaguchi Wigs

 * VFX
 * Den Film Effects
 * Toho Visual and Art

 * Special thanks to
 * Shinjuku Mitsui Building/Mandarin Palace Building, Seiunsha

 * Film processing
 * IMAGICA

 * Sponsored by
 * People's Republic of China, Central Hirose Business Bureau

 * Produced by
 * International Telefilms
 * BBC 1

Series 2
Journey to the West II
 * Planned by
 * Tsuneo Hayakawa

 * Adr Director
 * Michael Bakewell
 * George Roubicek

 * Series written by
 * David Weir

 * Story
 * James Miki
 * Rokuo Yamashita
 * Hirokazu Fuse
 * Motomu Furuta
 * Yuu Tagami
 * Yasuhiro Sakurai
 * Takayuki Kase

 * Directed by
 * Jun Fukuda
 * Satoshi Aoki
 * Showa Ota
 * Masahiro Takase
 * Yoshiyuki Kuroda
 * Kazuo Ikehiro
 * Akira Inoue

Staff
 * Producers
 * Muneo Yamada
 * Satoshi Katori
 * Kazuo Morikawa
 * Sadamasa Arikawa

 * Incidental Music
 * Mickey Yoshino

 * Performed and Sung by
 * Godiego

 * "SONGOKU" Sung by
 * Masaaki Sakai

 * Film Cameramen
 * Hajime Koizumi
 * Shinichi Ooka

 * Studio Lighting
 * Kenjiro Konaka

 * Sound
 * Worldwide Sound

 * Designer
 * Masatoshi Kato

 * Film editor
 * Yasuo Hiraki

 * Music selecting by
 * Shigeru Yamakawa

 * Sound effects
 * Miyata Sound

 * Sound coordinator
 * Hiroshi Toyoda

 * Assistant director
 * Shin Hanada

 * Chief of operations
 * Takatsune Nishijima

 * Costume designer
 * Kotaro Maki

 * Period verification
 * Junki Tou

VFX unit
 * Visual Effects Designers
 * Kiyoshi Suzuki
 * Kazuo Sagawa
 * Koichi Kawakita
 * Teruyoshi Nakano

 * Miniature Photography
 * Shohei Sekiya

 * Lighting
 * Yoshiaki Matsumaru

 * Designer
 * Akihiko Iguchi

 * Wirework
 * Eiji Shirakuma
 * Shuichi Kishiura

 * Electronic Effects
 * Takeshi Miyanishi

 * Director's Assistant
 * Kiyotaka Matsumoto

 * Casting by
 * Tanabe Agency

 * Produced in association with
 * Toho Image and Design

 * Apparatus and set decorations
 * KHK Arts
 * Takatsu Decorating & Art

 * Costumes and wigs
 * Toho Costumes
 * Kawaguchi Wigs

 * Film processing
 * IMAGICA

 * Special thanks to
 * Shinjuku Mitsui Building / Mandarin Palace Building
 * Seiunsha

 * Made on Location by
 * International Television Films

 * Produced by
 * BBC 1
 * Fabulous Films, Channel 4 (Episodes 3~25)

146.200.202.126 (talk) 16:21, 25 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Monkey (TV series)


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