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Jowhar

Jowhar (Jowhar, جوهر, Italian: Giohar) is the capital city of Hirshabelle state of Somalia. Jowhar is also the administrative capital of Middle Shabelle region of Somalia.

Along with Baidoa, it used to form the joint administrative capital of the Transitional Federal Government, which it captured from the Islamic Courts Union.

The city lies 90 km (50 mi) along a major road north of the national capital of Mogadishu.

History
During the Middle Ages, Jowhar and much of the surrounding area in southern Somalia was governed by the Ajuran Empire. The town later came under the administration of the Hiraab Imamate in the late 17th century after the collapse of the powerful Ajuran Empire. At the turn of the 20th century, Jowhar was incorporated into Italian Somaliland. After independence in 1960, the city was made the center of the official Jowhar District.

Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi

The Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi was founded by a senior member of the Italian Royal Family, H.R.H. Principe Luigi Amedeo, Duca degli Abruzzi in 1920, who first came to the African continent in 1905 and liked the place. The Duke raised funds to build dams, roads, a railway, schools, hospitals, a church and a mosque.

The village called Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi (or Villabruzzi) was founded as an agricultural settlement in Italian Somalia experimenting with new cultivation techniques. In 1926, the colony comprised 16 villages, with some 3,000 Somali and 200 Italian inhabitants. It was commonly known as Villabruzzi.

Starting around 1911, Italians like the Duca degli Abruzzi started to take the local farmers and resettle them in specific new villages in an attempt to improve the economy of Italian Somalia. The area around Villabruzzi was the most agriculturally developed of Somalia before World War II and had some food industries.

Administrative capital
As part of a 2004 agreement, Jowhar and the town of Baidoa were to form a joint administrative capital of the Transitional Federal Government, sited away from Mogadishu for security reasons. Continued fighting threatened to derail the peace process. However, in July 2005, President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed relocated to the town from his base in Bosaso, moving the process forward and joining Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Ghedi, who had already been resident in the town for a month. Part of the parliament became based in Jowhar, while some ministries were established in Mogadishu. By February 2006, despite Ghedi's security concerns, the two leaders had left to Baidoa, where it was decided the parliament would convene.

Demographics
The district had estimated population of 269,851 as of 2014, a survey was done by (UNDP) in 2014 and it is primarily inhabited by Abgal clan.

Recent history
On December 27, 2006, the internationally backed transitional government forces, united with Ethiopian troops, recaptured Jowhar from the Islamic Courts Union.

On May 17, 2009, the Islamist al-Shabab militia took the town, and imposed new rules, including a ban on handshaking between men and women.

On December 9, 2012, Somali National Army forces assisted by AMISOM troops re-captured the city from the militants.

title: Jowhar


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Hukbalahap

The Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (lit. 'People's Anti-Japanese Army'), better known by the acronym Hukbalahap, was a Filipino communist guerrilla movement formed by the farmers of Central Luzon. They were originally formed to fight the Japanese, but extended their fight into a rebellion against the Philippine government, known as the Hukbalahap Rebellion, in 1946. It was put down through a series of reforms and military victories by Defense Secretary, and later President, Ramon Magsaysay.

A monument dedicated to the Huks in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, was constructed to honor their actions during World War II.

On October 14, 2023, the Luis M. Taruc Hukbalahap Monument at Garden of Peace Memorial Park in Santa Monica, San Luis, Pampanga, was unveiled to honor about 400 guerrilla fighters (including Luis Taruc, the late Antonio Sumang and 96-year-old Praxedes Clarin, in the statue, one of the nine surviving Huks) including Olimpia Ingal, Narciso Garcia, Josefa Tolentino, and Clemente Miranda, all 94, Dominga Sanchez, Anastacia Sali, and Natalia Lacanlale, all 98 and Francisca Salas, 99).

Constituted in March 1942, the Hukbalahap was to be part of a broad united front resistance to the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. This original intent is reflected in its name.

By 1950, the Communist Party of the Philippines (PKP) had resolved to reconstitute the organization as the armed wing of a revolutionary party, prompting a change in the official name to Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan, (HMB, lit. 'People's Liberation Army'), likely in emulation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

Notwithstanding this name change, the HMB continued to be popularly known as the Hukbalahap, and the English-speaking press continued to refer to it and its members, interchangeably, as the Huks (Singular: Huk) during the whole period between 1945 and 1952.

Background

The Hukbalahap movement has deep roots in the Spanish encomienda, a system of grants to reward soldiers who had conquered New Spain, established in 1570. This developed into a system of exploitation. In the 19th century, Filipino landlordism, under the Spanish colonization, arose and, with it, further abuses.

After the opening of ports in Manila, the Luzon economy was transformed to meet the demands for exports of rice, sugar, and tobacco. Landowners increased demands on farmers, who rented parcels of land. These demands included increased rents, demands for proceeds from the sale of crops, and predatory lending agreements to fund farm improvements.

Only after the coming of the Americans were reforms initiated to lessen tensions between tenants and landlords. The reforms, however, did not solve the problems and, with growing political consciousness produced by education, peasants began to unite under educated but poor leaders. The most potent of these organizations was the Hukbalahap, which began as a resistance organization against the Japanese but ended as an anti-government resistance movement.

Inception during World War II
The idea of a guerrilla organization was conceived as early as October 1941, months before the Philippines' entry to World War II. As early as 1941, Juan Feleo, a well-known peasant leader and member of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP), had begun to mobilize peasants in his home province of Nueva Ecija for the conflict. Pedro Abad Santos, founding member of the Socialist Party of the Philippines, had also ordered Luis Taruc to mobilize forces in Pampanga.

At the outbreak of World War II in the Philippines and the capture of Manila, top-ranking leaders of the PKP were captured by the Japanese military. Crisanto Evangelista, its founder, was among those who were captured and was executed in 1942. Abad Santos was similarly captured, but was released in 1943. Dr. Vicente Lava took the reins of the PKP and tried to re-organize the party.

In February 1942 a "struggle conference" was held in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija to discuss organization, strategy, and tactics. Members of the PKP, the Popular Front Party, the League for the Defense of Democracy, KPMP, AMT, and KAP convened to create a structure for unified resistance against the Japanese.

A united front tactic was agreed upon as a means of attracting the broadest sections of population, not necessarily communists. A three-front resistance was agreed upon: military, political, and economic. The military aim was to harass the Japanese continuously and keep it off-balance so as to prevent it from focusing on activities aimed at winning the goodwill of the people. The political aim was to discredit the Japanese-sponsored republic and build the concept of a functioning democracy as a grass roots level, while the economic objective was to prevent the enemy's looting. The result was the creation of the Central Luzon Bureau (CLB), an organization meant to lead resistance against the Japanese. Key positions were filled out as follows:

At the advent of this conference, several armed groups were immediately organized and began operating in Central Luzon. A significant event was on March 13, 1942, when a squadron headed by Felipa Culala (alias Dayang-Dayang) encountered and defeated Japanese forces in Mandili, Candaba, Pampanga. News of Culala's successful raid raised morale for resistance fighters.

On March 29, 1942, peasant leaders met in a forest clearing located in Sitio Bawit, Barrio San Julian, at the junction of Tarlac, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija to form a united organization. Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon was chosen as the name of the organization. After the meeting, a military committee was formed with Taruc (Supremo), Castro Alejandrino (Vice Commander), Bernardo Poblete (Tandang Banal), and Culala as members. The Hukbalahap high command was also joined by the military commissariat; a party apparatus that provided guidance to the Huks.

The CLB was regarded as the "wartime version of the PKP". While PKP officials did assume important positions in the Huk structure, the movement encompassed more that simply members of the PKP and its affiliated organizations.

Robert Lapham reports either Luis Taruc or Casto Alejandrino met with Col. Thorpe at his Camp Sanchez in the spring of 1942, and the conferees agreed to cooperate, share equipment and supplies, with the Americans providing trainers. However, though the Huks fought the Japanese, they also "tried to thwart United States Army Forces in the Far East guerrillas", "therefore, they were considered disloyal and were not accorded U.S. recognition or benefits at the end of the war." After its inception, the group grew quickly and by late summer 1943 claimed to have 15,000 to 20,000 active men and women military fighters and 50,000 more in reserve. These fighters' weaponry was obtained primarily by stealing it from battlefields and downed planes left behind by the Japanese, Filipinos, and Americans. They fought Japanese troops, worked to subvert the Japanese tax-collection service, intercepted food and supplies to the Japanese troops, and created a training school where they taught political theory and military tactics based on Marxist ideas. In areas that the group controlled, they set up local governments (Sandatahang Tanod ng Bayan, Barrio United Defense Corps) and instituted land reforms, dividing up the largest estates equally among the peasants and often killing the landlords. In some cases, however, landlords were welcomed as participants in Huk resistance, swayed by anti-Japanese sympathies. PKP organizers quickly went to work to set up BUDCs in Huk controlled barrios, which contributed to its success as a resistance army, although in reality there was an overlap between independently formed barrio governments, "neighborhood committees" set up by the Japanese, and BUDCs.

The Huk movement was notable for its inclusion of women peasants, who advocated for inclusion in the movement in resistance to word of Japanese war atrocities against women, including rape and mutilation. Many of these women fought, but the majority of the resistance remained in villages, collecting supplies and intelligence. Women in the forest camps were forbidden from entering combat, but often trained in first aid, communication/propaganda, and recruitment tactics.

The Huks enjoyed early successes with their continuous attacks, aimed at raising morale through quick successes as well as to acquire weapons for the severely unarmed group. The Japanese conducted two counterattacks against the Huks, on September 6 and December 5, 1942. Both attacks did nothing to dampen the frequency of Huk raids, and only served to intensify Huk operations. On March 5, 1943, the Japanese struck the Huk headquarters in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija in a surprise attack. A large number of CPP cadres and Huk soldiers were captured during the raid. By the end of the war, the Huks had 1,200 engagements, and inflicted some 25,000 enemy casualties. The Huks' strength consisted of 20,000 fully armed regulars and some 50,000 reservists.

Relationship with other guerrillas
The Hukhbalahap's methods were often portrayed by other guerrilla leaders as terrorist; for example, Ray Hunt, an American who led his own band of 3,000 guerrillas, said of the Hukbalahap that

"My experiences with the Huks were always unpleasant. Those I knew were much better assassins than soldiers. Tightly disciplined and led by fanatics, they murdered some Filipino landlords and drove others off to the comparative safety of Manila. They were not above plundering and torturing ordinary Filipinos, and they were treacherous enemies of all other guerrillas (on Luzon)."

However, the Hukbalahap claimed that it extended its guerrilla warfare campaign for over a decade merely in search of recognition as World War II freedom fighters and former American and Filipino allies who deserved a share of war reparations.

Post-war and rebellion

The end of the war saw the return of American forces in the Philippines. While the Hukbalahap expected to have their war efforts recognized and be treated as allies, the Americans, with the help of USAFFE guerrillas and former PC members, forcibly disarmed Huk squadrons while charging other guerrillas of treason, sedition, and subversive activity, leading to the arrests of Luis Taruc and Casto Alejandrino in 1945, as well as incidents such as the massacre of 109 Huk guerrillas in Malolos, Bulacan.

In September 1945, President Sergio Osmeña released Taruc, Alejandrino, and other Huk leaders from prison. The PKP, through Huk leaders, then formally disbanded the movement and formed the Hukbalahap Veterans' League in an effort to get the Hukbalahap recognized as a legitimate guerrilla movement. Alejandrino was its nominal chairman.

In 1946, peasants in Central Luzon backed members of the Democratic Alliance in that year's election, with six candidates eventually winning seats in the Senate. Among these candidates was Luis Taruc. However, they were blocked from sitting in Congress by the government, which only exacerbated negative sentiment among the peasants in Central Luzon. The new Roxas administration attempted a pacification program, with help from Taruc, Alejandrino, Juan Feleo, and other representatives. They would be accompanied by MP guards and government officials to try and pacify peasant groups, however this did not result in any sort of success. Within days of the so-called "truce", violence once again erupted in Central Luzon. Taruc and others claimed that civilian guards and government officials were "sabotaging the peace process".

On August 24, 1946, Feleo was stopped by a large band of "armed men in fatigue uniforms" in Gapan, Nueva Ecija. He had planned to present the peasant's concerns to the Secretary of the Interior Jose Zulueta, before he was taken and killed. Thousands of Huk veterans and PKM members were sure that Feleo was murdered by landlords, or possibly the Roxas administration itself. The incident led to Taruc joining the peasants and re-igniting the insurrection. The Roxas administration then outlawed the Hukbalahap on March 6, 1948.

In 1949, Hukbalahap members ambushed and murdered Aurora Quezon, Chairman of the Philippine Red Cross and widow of the Philippines' second president, Manuel L. Quezon, as she was en route to her hometown for the dedication of the Quezon Memorial Hospital. Several others were also killed, including her eldest daughter and son-in-law. This attack brought worldwide condemnation of the Hukbalahaps, who claimed that the attack was done by "renegade" members. The continuing condemnation and new post-war causes of the movement prompted the Huk leaders to adopt a new name, the "Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan" or the "People's Liberation Army" in 1950.

Public sympathies for the movement had been waning due to their postwar attacks. The Huks confiscated funds and property to sustain their movement and relied on small village organizers for political and material support. The Huk movement was mainly spread in the central provinces of Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, Bulacan, and in Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Laguna, Bataan and Quezon.

An important movement in the campaign against the Huks was the deployment of hunter-killer counter guerrilla special units. The "Nenita" unit (1946–1949) was the first of such special forces whose main mission was to eliminate the Huks. The Nenita Force was commanded by Major Napoleon Valeriano. The Nenita terror tactics which were not only committed against dissidents but also towards law-abiding people sometimes helped the Huks gain supporters as a consequence.

In July 1950, Major Valeriano assumed command of the elite 7th Battalion Combat Team (BCT) in Bulacan. The 7th BCT would develop a reputation toward employing a more comprehensive, more unconventional counterinsurgency strategy and reduced the random brutality against the civilian population.

In June 1950, American alarm over the Huk rebellion during the Cold War prompted President Harry Truman to approve special military assistance that included military advice, sale at cost of military equipment to the Philippines and financial aid under the Joint United States Military Advisory Group (JUSMAG). On August 26, 1950, in an "anniversary celebration" of the Cry of Pugad Lawin, the Huks temporarily seized Santa Cruz, Laguna, and Camp Makabulos, Tarlac, confiscating money, food, weapons, ammunition, clothing, medicine, and office supplies. In September 1950, former USAFFE guerrilla, Ramon Magsaysay was appointed as Minister of National Defense on American advice. With the Huk Rebellion growing in strength and the security situation in the Philippines becoming seriously threatened, Magsaysay urged President Elpidio Quirino to suspend the writ of habeas corpus for the duration of the Huk campaign. On October 18, 1950, Magsaysay captured the Secretariat, including the general secretary Jose Lava, following the earlier capture of the Politburo in Manila.

American assistance allowed Magsaysay to create more BCTs, bringing the total to twenty-six. By 1951, army strength had increased by 60 percent over the previous year with 1,047-man BCTs. Major military offensive campaigns against the Huks were carried out by the 7th, 16th, 17th, and 22nd BCTs.

Another major effort against the Huks was Operation "Knockout" of the Panay Task Force (composed of the 15th BCT, some elements of the 9th BCT and the Philippine Constabulary commands of Iloilo, Capiz, and Antique) under the command of Colonel Alfredo M. Santos. The Operation conducted a surprise attack on Guillermo Capadocia, commander of the Huk Regional Command in the Visayas, erstwhile Secretary General and one of the founders of the PKP. Santos' masterstroke was the enlistment of Pedro Valentin, a local mountain leader who knew the people and the terrain like the back of his hand. Capadocia died on Panay, of battle wounds, on September 20, 1952.

In 1954, Lieutenant Colonel Laureño Maraña, the former head of Force X of the 16th PC Company, assumed command of the 7th BCT, which had become one of the most mobile striking forces of the Philippine ground forces against the Huks, from Valeriano who was now a colonel. Force X employed psychological warfare through combat intelligence and infiltration that relied on secrecy in planning, training, and execution of attack. The lessons learned from Force X and Nenita were combined in the 7th BCT.

With the all out anti-dissidence campaigns against the Huks, they numbered less than 2,000 by 1954 and without the protection and support of local supporters, active Huk resistance no longer presented a serious threat to Philippine security. From February to mid-September 1954, the largest anti-Huk operation, "Operation Thunder-Lightning" was conducted and resulted in the surrender of Luis Taruc on May 17. Further cleanup operations of guerrillas remaining lasted throughout 1955, diminishing its number to less than 1,000 by year's end.

Organization
The Hukbalahap was regarded by the PKP as its "citizen's army" against the Japanese. It was headed by the Central Luzon Bureau, with Vicente Lava as its secretary, and a secretariat, ostensibly a party apparatus meant to keep the Huks in line with PKP ideology. There were five committees which composed the Huk structure:
 * 1) Finance and Provisions – responsible for supplying provisions and other necessities to the guerrillas.
 * 2) Organization and Communication – responsible for coordinating the relationship between the leadership and its support base.
 * 3) Military Committee – responsible for the guerrilla's army regiments.
 * 4) Intelligence and Education – responsible for political education and information on enemy activity, and
 * 5) United Front – responsible for propaganda and mobilizing support.

The Huk military structured was modeled after the Chinese Red Army. It was composed of squads and platoons, consisting of 100 officers and men, which formed a squadron. Two squadrons formed one battalion, and two battalions formed a regiment. These numbers were not always followed though: For example, Squadron 8, based in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, had twelve squads, each with a dozen men.

The initial force of 500 armed Huks which was organized into five squadrons had increased to a fully armed guerrilla force of 20,000 men. By 1944, Huk strength numbers at 76 squadrons. After the Cabiao raid by the Japanese, the PKP adopted a "retreat for defense" policy, which broke up squads to smaller groups of three to five men.

In areas controlled by Huk guerrillas, the Huks organized an ad-hoc police force to keep the peace and stop looters and thieves. Huks also formed Sandatahang Tanod ng Bayan (Barrio United Defense Corps), which acted as neighborhood governments in support of the Huk forces in the field. These BUDC's were composed of KPMP and AMT members, which organized popular support for Huks, shielded harvest from the Japanese, and attacked Filipino collaborators; in effect, setting up protected zones and safe havens for the Huks. The Hukbalahap also set-up a government, composed of a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and five policemen. The barrio government also had three departments, with a person-in-charge leading it. One department collected intelligence information about the military, another handled communication between different barrios and Huk members, and the third arranged for supplies. The Hukbalahap government also performed civil tasks, such as officiating in weddings, baptisms, funerals, and issued marriage licenses and birth certificates.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hukbalahap


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Ernest L. Martin

Ernest L. Martin (April 20, 1932 – January 2002) was a meteorologist, minister in the Worldwide Church of God and author on Biblical topics. He is best known for his controversial works on the Star of Bethlehem and the location of the Temple in Jerusalem.

Background
Martin was born in Meeker, Oklahoma. He attended grade and high school in Exeter, California, and graduated from the College of the Sequoias in Visalia, California, which specialized in meteorology. From 1950 to 1954, he was a member of the United States Air Force which sent him to the University of New Mexico to further his education in meteorology, and following this he became a weather forecaster in Greenland. He spent another year at Lowry AFB working in research and development for High Altitude studies in Denver, Colorado.

Ministry and teaching
During 1955, Martin became a supporter of the ministry of Herbert W. Armstrong and the Radio Church of God (later known as the Worldwide Church of God). He attended Ambassador College at Pasadena, California, in 1958 and later transferred to the campus in Bricket Wood, England. He was ordained as a minister of the Radio Church of God in 1959 and continued with his studies at Ambassador College to finally earn an unaccredited Ph.D. in education in 1966. From 1960 to 1972, he taught history, theology and elementary meteorology at the Ambassador College campus in Bricket Wood where he became Dean of Faculty.

Between 1969 and 1973, Ambassador College entered into an alliance with Hebrew University in Israel which had been negotiated by Martin. This undertaking commenced a five-year archaeological program with students from Ambassador College working on Dr. Benjamin Mazar's excavation near the Western Wall of the Temple Mount. During this period, Martin supervised 450 participating college students during summer months. The partnership was mentioned in a Time magazine article.

Following the closure of the Ambassador College campus in England, Martin became Chairman of the Department of Theology at Ambassador College in Pasadena, California, in 1973. In the following year, he severed his membership in the Worldwide Church of God. In 1974, he created the Foundation for Biblical Research in Pasadena where he remained as chairman until 1985. In the same year, he founded Associates for Scriptural Knowledge and became a member of various other societies.

Author
In 1974, Martin wrote the first of five editions of The Tithing Dilemma of which over 100,000 copies were sold. It was this work which triggered the first of many major schisms within the Worldwide Church of God.

Martin proposed a recalculation of the birth of Jesus in his books The Birth of Christ Recalculated (1978) and The Star that Astonished the World (1996). He argued that the "Star of Bethlehem" was the planet Jupiter, called Zedeq ("Righteousness") in Hebrew, leading the wise men to Jesus in Bethlehem on December 25, 2 BCE, coinciding with the Jewish Festival of Hanukkah that year. Martin argued that the birth of Jesus happened on the evening of September 11, 3 BCE, which corresponds to Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish new year on the first of Tishri on the Jewish calendar.

In his 1999 book The Temples that Jerusalem Forgot, Martin argued that the Haram al-Sharif is not the location of the last Temple. This was significant given his relationship with Herbert W. Armstrong whose editorial in The Plain Truth magazine was cited by Denis Michael Rohan as a reason for setting fire to the Al Aqsa mosque during the 1960s.

The basis of this work began with Martin's first visit to Jerusalem in 1961 when he first met Benjamin Mazar and later his son Ory Mazar, who informed him of his belief that the Temples of Solomon and Zerubbabel were located on the Ophel mound to the north of the original Mount Zion on the southeast ridge. In a 1996 draft report to support this theory, Martin wrote, "I was then under the impression that Simon the Hasmonean (along with Herod a century later) moved the Temple from the Ophel mound to the Dome of the Rock area." However, after studying the words of Josephus concerning the Temple of Herod the Great, which was reported to be in the same general area of the former Temples, he then read the account of Eleazar who led the final contingent of Jewish resistance to the Romans at Masada which stated that the Roman fortress was the only structure left by 73 C.E.. "With this key in mind, I came to the conclusion in 1997 that all the Temples were indeed located on the Ophel mound over the area of the Gihon Spring." From these conclusions, Martin produced his book in which he asserted that the Temples of Jerusalem were located over the Gihon Spring and not over the Dome of the Rock. He wrote, "What has been amazing to me is the vast amount of Jewish, Muslim, and Christian records that remain available from the first to the sixteenth centuries that clearly vindicate the conclusions that I have reached in this book of research."

His other works are Restoring the Original Bible (1984), Secrets of Golgotha (1987), 101 Bible Secrets (1991), The Biblical Manual (1985) and The Essentials of New Testament Doctrine (1999).

title: Ernest L. Martin


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Talk:The Fans' Stadium – Kingsmeadow

Doesn't this sound like it reproduces a handout or something?Not very current,and there should be a link to www.thefansstadium.org as there is at AFC Wimbledon. L.E./le@put.com/12.144.5.2 17:42, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Fans' Stadium – Kingsmeadow


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O'Fallon

O'Fallon may refer to:

People

 * James O'Fallon (bef 1756–1786), Irish Roman Catholic clergyman
 * John O'Fallon (1786–1865), American businessman, philanthropist, and military officer
 * Peter O'Fallon, American television director

Places

 * O'Fallon, Illinois, United States
 * O'Fallon Township, St. Clair County, Illinois, United States
 * O'Fallon, Missouri, United States
 * O'Fallon Park
 * O'Fallon, St. Louis, a neighborhood in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, United States
 * O'Fallon Street (St. Louis)

title: O'Fallon


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Talk:Marie H. Blood

from VfD:

It seems like the late Ms Blood's only claim to fame is being Houdini's last surviving relative. Unless there is more to say about her, I propose she be restricted to a mention in the Harry Houdini article. Deb 17:43, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * She was already in Houdini's article; Ms. Blood is now a redirect to Harry Houdini. Great name, though, eh? Joyous 21:23, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Marie H. Blood


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Allen Collins

Larkin Allen Collins Jr. (July 19, 1952 – January 23, 1990) was an American guitarist, and one of the founding members of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. He co-wrote many of the band's songs with frontman and original lead singer Ronnie Van Zant.

Early life
Collins was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He started playing guitar at 12 years of age, with a few lessons from his stepmother, Leila Collins, a country-and-western guitarist, and received his first guitar and amplifier from his mother. Inspired by the Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964, he formed his first group, The Mods, with friends Larry Steele (bass), Donnie Ulsh (guitar), and James Rice (drums). Collins attended Nathan B. Forrest High School.

In 1970, Collins married Kathy Johns. All of his bandmates were in his wedding party, but Kathy worried that the band's long haired appearance would disturb her parents. To solve this problem, she required all the band members to keep their hair under wigs at the wedding ceremony. The wedding reception was one of the first public performances of "Free Bird" complete with the trademark extended guitar jam at the end. Collins's family grew with the birth of his daughter Amie, followed quickly by Allison. Collins was fond of cars, and had an extensive car collection, one of his favorites being a 1932 Plymouth coupe nicknamed "Dixie Blue".

Career
Allen Collins joined Skynyrd in Jacksonville, Florida, just two weeks after its formation by Ronnie Van Zant and Gary Rossington, along with Bob Burns and Larry Junstrom. Knowing that Collins played guitar and owned his own equipment, the band decided to approach him about joining them. Van Zant and Burns both had a reputation for trouble, and Collins fled on his bicycle and hid up a tree when he saw them pull up in his driveway. They soon convinced him that they were not there to beat him up and he agreed to join the band, then known as "The One Percent".

Collins and lead singer Ronnie Van Zant co-wrote many of the biggest Skynyrd hits, including "Free Bird", "Gimme Three Steps", and "That Smell". The band received national success beginning in 1973 while opening for the Who on their Quadrophenia tour.

On October 20, 1977, an airplane carrying the band crashed into a forest in Mississippi, killing three band members, including Van Zant. Collins was seriously injured in the crash, suffering two broken vertebrae in his neck and severe damage to his right arm. While amputation was recommended, Collins' father refused and he eventually recovered.

During the early 1980s, Collins continued to perform on stage in the Rossington-Collins Band which enjoyed modest success, releasing two albums (Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere, and This Is the Way), and charting a few singles (notably "Don't Misunderstand Me").

Tragedy struck again just as the Rossington Collins Band was getting off the ground. In 1980, during the first days of the debut concert tour, Collins's wife, Kathy, died suddenly of a hemorrhage during the miscarriage of their third child. This forced the tour's cancellation. With the lingering effects of losing his friends in the plane crash, Kathy's death devastated Collins.

The Rossington-Collins Band disbanded in 1982. Collins continued to pursue music, starting the Allen Collins Band, which released one album, Here, There & Back in 1983. The six members included two Skynyrd bandmates – keyboardist Billy Powell and bassist Leon Wilkeson – along with lead singer Jimmy Dougherty, drummer Derek Hess, and guitarists Barry Lee Harwood and Randall Hall. In 1984, Collins tried to resurrect the band, hiring Jacksonville guitarist Mike Owings and bassist Andy Ward King. Later members included guitarist-vocalist Michael Ray FitzGerald and bassist "Filthy Phil" Price.

Accident, band reunions and death
On January 29, 1986, Collins was driving a new black Ford Thunderbird when he was involved in a car accident that claimed the life of his girlfriend, Debra Jean Watts, and paralyzed the guitarist from the waist down, with limited use of his arms and hands. Collins pleaded no contest to vehicular manslaughter as well as driving under the influence of alcohol. Due to his injuries, he would never play guitar on stage again.

Collins' last performance with Lynyrd Skynyrd was at the band's first reunion after the plane crash at the 1979 Volunteer Jam V in Nashville, Tennessee. All remaining members of Lynyrd Skynyrd reunited officially in 1987, but Collins served only as musical director, due to his paralysis. As part of his plea bargain for the 1986 accident, Collins addressed fans at every Skynyrd concert with an explanation of why he could not perform, citing the dangers of drinking and driving, as well as drugs and alcohol. Also because of Collins' accident, the band donated a sizable amount of concert proceeds from the 1987–88 tour to the Miami Project, which is involved in treatment of paralysis. Collins founded Roll For Rock Wheelchair Events and Benefit Concerts in 1988 to raise awareness and to provide opportunities for those living with spinal cord injuries and other physical disabilities.

Allen Collins died on January 23, 1990, from chronic pneumonia, a complication of the paralysis. He is buried beside his wife in Jacksonville, Florida.

In 2006, Collins was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Lynyrd Skynyrd.

Instruments
In the early days of Lynyrd Skynyrd, Collins used a black Gibson Flying V. This guitar was stolen, along with Gary Rossington's white Gibson SG, when the band's van was broken into after a gig. For most of his tenure in Skynyrd, Collins used a Gibson Firebird fitted with a chrome-covered, "dog-eared" P-90 pickup in the bridge position and a Gibson "teaspoon" nickel vibrato arm. In 1976 he switched to a natural-finished korina 1958 Gibson Explorer that he had bought for about $3,000 and used that guitar throughout his tenure with the Allen Collins Band.

In late 1977 Collins began occasionally playing a Gibson Les Paul Special, with a double cutaway, P-90s, a sunburst finish, and modded with a Lyre Tremolo. He continued to use this guitar in the Rossington Collins Band as well. On "Gimme Back My Bullets", "Sweet Home Alabama", "Every Mothers Son" Collins used a Sunburst Fender Stratocaster after Ed King had left. Collins has also been filmed playing an all-black Stratocaster with a rosewood fingerboard, white pickups and white control knobs.

In 2003 Gibson Guitars honored Allen with a limited edition Explorer. Like his original instrument these are made of African limba wood (korina) and feature an aged finish and a Maestro vibrola.

Discography

 * With Lynyrd Skynyrd
 * (Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd) (1973)
 * Second Helping (1974)
 * Nuthin' Fancy (1975)
 * Gimme Back My Bullets (1976)
 * One More from the Road (1976)
 * Street Survivors (1977)

 * With Rossington-Collins Band
 * Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere (1980)
 * This Is the Way (1981)

 * With Allen Collins Band
 * Here, There & Back (1983)

title: Allen Collins


text:
Rockledge

Rockledge may refer to:
 * Rockledge, Florida, United States
 * Rockledge, Georgia, an unincorporated community
 * Rockledge Drive Residential District, a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in Rockledge, Florida
 * Rockledge, Pennsylvania, United States
 * Rockledge, name of the chapter house of Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity at Cornell University
 * Rockledge (Louisville, Kentucky), a building on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Rockledge (Hagerstown, Maryland), a building on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Rockledge (Swanton, Vermont), a building on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Rockledge (Occoquan, Virginia), a building on the National Register of Historic Places
 * Carlisle-Rockledge, Alabama, a census-designated place

title: Rockledge


text:
Sanger

Sanger may refer to:

Romania

 * Sânger, a commune in Mureș County

United States

 * Sanger, California, a city
 * Sanger, North Dakota, a ghost town
 * Sanger, Texas, a city
 * Sanger, West Virginia, an unincorporated community

People

 * Sanger (surname), including a list of people with the name

Other uses

 * Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, a genome research centre in Cambridgeshire, England
 * Sanger (fortification) or sangar, a small temporary fortified position
 * Sandwich, colloquially called a "sanger" in Australian and Scottish English

title: Sanger


text:
Seisdon

Seisdon is a rural village in the parish of Trysull and Seisdon, Staffordshire approximately six miles west of Wolverhampton and the name of one of the five hundreds of Staffordshire. The population recorded at the 2011 census does not distinguish this hamlet from the rest of the parish, which had a population of 1,150.

Etymology
The name appears to mean "hill of the Saxons", deriving from the Anglo-Saxon words Seis meaning Saxon and Dun meaning hill. The first element may alternatively be a personal name.

Location and Sites
Seisdon is a hamlet within the parish of Trysull and Seisdon (formerly named Trysull, only), lying one mile north-west of the village of Trysull, near the border with Shropshire. There is a narrow bridge of several arches over the river Smestow, which is of 18th century origin. On the county boundary there is a high position which formed an ancient entrenchment named Abbot's Wood (Apewood) Castle.

Seisdon Hall is a grade II Listed Building dating from the 17th century and greatly extended around 1840-1850 by the Aston-Pudset family. Previously known as Green Farm.

History
The hamlet is remarkable for giving the name to the Hundred, for which no adequate authority can now be adduced. However, a large number  of  Hundred names  refer  to  hills  or  mounds. It seems likely that  such  sites  were  chosen  as  being'  remote,  and  where interference  was  most  easily  avoided. Placename evidence suggests a fairly early Anglo-Saxon origin for the name. Certainly the village of Seisdon was of sufficient importance prior to the Norman Conquest to have its owners and value recorded in the Domesday Book. Having been held by four English free men before the conquest, it came into the hands of William Fitz-Ansculf who held 600 acres in Seisdon and also land in Trysull and other parts of the parish.

Almost all of its residents were originally employed in the agricultural industry.

Seisdon Hundred
Each hundred was formed to support a military unit. Seisdon Hundred contains the smallest area of the five hundreds of Staffordshire, but it has a relatively high population density and agricultural productivity. It formed the south-western portion of the county, bounded on the west by Shropshire, on the south by Worcestershire, on the east by Offlow Hundred, and on the north by Cuttleston Hundred. The old Forest of Brewood formed the boundary of Seisdon and Cuttleston.

Seisdon Hundred was divided into North and South Divisions. each with their own High Constable.

The Hundred contained Wolverhampton, the largest town of the county, and many populous villages, which were constituted into 18 parishes, part of two others and two extra parochial areas. Wolverhampton parish contained several townships some of which were in Offlow Hundred. The parishes in 1834 were as follows:

The Hundred presented a great diversity of soil and scenery. It was rich in coal, ironstone, lime, and freestone, and renowned for its extensive mines and iron works, and for the manufacture of a great variety of articles in iron, steel, and other metals.

There was a Seisdon Rural District from 1894 to 1974.

Famous people

 * Mark Speight (born 1965 in Seisdon – 2008), Television presenter and actor.

title: Seisdon


text: User talk:128.6.51.12

title: User talk:128.6.51.12


text:
Shorewood

Shorewood is a place name used in the United States:

 * Shorewood, Illinois, a village located in Will County
 * Shorewood-Tower Hills-Harbert, Michigan, a census-designated place
 * Shorewood, Minnesota, a city located in Hennepin County
 * Shorewood, Wisconsin, a village located in Milwaukee County

title: Shorewood


text:
Talk:Danny Boy

Muppet rendition
music critics consider the 1978 rendition by the "Limerick Brothers" Animal, beaker, and the Swedish Chef (with alternative lyrics) to be the most emotional video ever produced. Please put these alternative lyrics up and a reference to the music video.

Widely What?
"'The song is widely considered an Irish anthem. It is nonetheless widely considered by many Irish Americans and Irish Canadians to be their unofficial signature song.'"
 * These two sentences make little sense together. Can someone decipher their meaning, and make the necessary edit. I'm not sure if it means to say that it is not widely considered Irish in Ireland, but that it is sung by Irish-Americans or that even though it is popular in Ireland, it has become the anthem of the diaspora. —168.7.250.93 (talk) 02:00, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

They mean this, I think '"The song is widely considered an Irish anthem and is considered by many Irish Americans and Irish Canadians to be their unofficial signature song." - AndreaUKA (talk) 22:54, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Like our "Chinese food," which is not found much in China, Danny Boy is a tune for those who dream of Ireland (UK) from outside. Why would this be controversial? We Canadians may tire of hearing about Mounties and igloos, but that is what many outsiders think of when they think of Canada. One can see that people of Irish (or UK, if you prefer) background are moved to hear this pretty tune (the Derry Air and later Londonderry Air), and to hear the lovely story of a parent pining for a son. As Albert said, "the rest are details." 68.84.72.53 (talk) 16:15, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

Mentioned twice: Tir na n'Og recorded it on their debut album in 2006.; Tir na n'Og, recorded it on their 2006 self-titled debut album —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.201.215.50 (talk) 15:29, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

Boy is 'lost'....?

 * Although some view the above interpretation of Danny Boy as the true meaning, there is also another meaning for this song. The lyrics were supposedly written by a father who lost his son, Danny.

The logic within the song suggests that 'the father' is in fact dying, and hoping his son, will return, lost as in not dead, to say a prayer over him ?

The pipes are calling for the father ?

The Irish (born in Ireland) are quite adamant that it's NOT an "Irish song"(though the "air" is Irish). Also, serious Irish groups(bands) do not perform the tune, if they have any self-respect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Edknuff (talk • contribs) 19:48, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

--Caesar J.B. Squitti: Son of Maryann Rosso and Arthur Natale Squitti (talk) 16:20, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

What you mean to say is that Irish bands do not play Danny Boy unless they have any respect at all for their audiences, who love the song. A historian's purity is completely inappropriate (and ridiculous) in an entertainer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.227.5.246 (talk) 02:02, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

 * What Edknuff wrote is nonsense - the song is still played and sung in Ireland, as in many other countries. Hohenloh + 13:07, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

I always understood this to be the origin [] - It's a very interesting article, too. AndreaUKA (talk) 23:00, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

With regard to Irish musicians' attitude towards "Danny Boy", Robbie O'Connell's song "You're Not Irish" is perhaps a clue. It's written from the point of view of an Irish musician who comes to America only to find American audiences complaining because he doesn't perform the "stage Irish" songs they know. From the chorus: "You're not Irish! You can't be Irish, you don't know 'Danny Boy', or 'Toora Loora Loora', or even 'Irish Eyes'..." Jejones3141 (talk) 13:31, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

Irishness and edit warring
Several editors are engaged in tit-for-tat changes in the opening sentence of the article as to whether the song is Irish. No sources are presented to lend weight to either argument, and edit notes have been assertive rather than informative. Let's grow up, discuss, and compromise. Songs don't have passports: composers have nationalities, songs have cultural associations. I would suggest an opening sentence of "Danny Boy" is a ballad written by Frederick Weatherly and usually set to the tune of the "Londonderry Air": it is most closely associated with Irish communities.  Kevin McE (talk) 11:53, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Brilliant! Sorted. --Theosony (talk) 19:39, 21 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I only posted it because of your support, and the lack of voices to the contrary. Now you revert and tell me to discuss.  I think you need to explain yourself. Kevin McE (talk) 20:06, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I thought it was one of those irritating edits. Long, LONG day!! Sorry about that!--Theosony (talk) 20:19, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

 * If you read the lyric, it seems to apply as much to Scotland (pipes and glens) as it does to Ireland. And the lyric was written before it was set to the Londonderry Air. Tsinfandel (talk) 14:51, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

Set to an "ancient" Irish melody, the melody is from the 19th century.

"Irish born" sister-in-law is technically true, but a distortion. She was an Ulster protestant. Everything is being done to hide this. The nationalist distortion in this entry is astounding. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.65.99.53 (talk) 22:19, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

verse problem
I dont ever remember there being a second verse nor have I ever heard it. please reply and tell me what you think. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.151.241.73 (talk) 00:25, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Please post new topics for discussion at the bottom of the page. Yes, there are two verses.  The second verse is the tearjerker.  When it is omitted, it is usually for the sake of brevity.  Any amount of research will confirm the second verse. -Verdatum (talk) 16:23, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

sample please
normally when there is an article refferring to a song, there is a audio sample, and i think that this song should have one to, do you agree or disagree?

Recordings
I have no problem listing every officially released recording of Danny Boy by Notable artists. However, since the list is so very long, and effectively translates to "[Artist] recorded this in [year] on [album]", I suggest converting it to a sortable table. -Verdatum (talk) 16:15, 8 June 2009 (UTC)
 * No, that list is completely out of control. If it so important to mention that, this was sung by some jerk on Canadian idol, the there should be a separate page for List of People who have sung Danny Boy. There seem to be a lot of recordings of this song, even notable ones; but there seems to be no authoritative version. I think for that reason, maybe the list should be chucked altogether. Merging this page with the Derry Air would be an excellent pretext to do that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.156.105.171 (talk) 19:44, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * "Sung by some jerk on Canadian idol" generally would not be called an officially released recording, nor would "some jerk" be a Notable artist. So that wouldn't meet the criteria I stated. Why does there need to be an authoritative version? I fail to see the relevance. -Verdatum (talk) 17:49, 15 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I added Maureen O'Hara's recording of the song on her 1962 album "Maureen O'Hara Sings Her Favorite Irish Songs" released in 1962 and reissued in 1991 and again in 2011. I believe that her recording is worthy of inclusion  because although she wasn't recognised for her singing she was an accomplished singer and did record a few albums and sang in some of her films as well as on Broadway. Her acting career spanned 60+ years. She is  considered by Hollywood historians to be one of the most beautiful women ever to be in film and is  also considered by some to be a Hollywood Legend therefore she is a "Notable" person with a large fan base even at 93! Her recording of the song can therefore be considered 'Notable'. Although not known as a singer her recordings are still available on CD whereas many 'singers' cannot claim that. also many of her films are among those considered to be Hollywood Classics and finally as perhaps Ireland's first 'major star' her recording is relevant to the section, the content and the song.:~  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.32.29.1 (talk) 13:45, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

Mario Lanza
On YouTube we can find this and more versions of this song by Mario Lanza. Questions: Are they real and if so in what year(s) he recorded them? Patio (talk) 11:27, 5 July 2009 (UTC)

merge
Please note : There is a discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Songs/coverversions with the purpose of trying to establish a standard rule for merge/separate different versions of the same song. Please make known your opinions on the matter. --Richhoncho (talk) 13:44, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

Article Conflict
There is a conflict between this article and the one on Londonderry Air. There, we are told unequivocally that "Weatherly intended the song as a parting message from a woman to a man". This article says "Some contend that 'Danny Boy' was intended as a message from a woman to a man ... but it was actually intended as a father to a son." It would be nice if someone who knows definitively would straighten this out. If no one can say beyond personal preference which is true, appropriate weasel words should be added to both articles. SDCHS (talk) 02:37, 1 February 2010 (UTC)
 * appears to be fairly authoritative, and they can't find any strong ruling (such as a statement by the original author) on the meaning. I rather like the idea of it being intentionally ambiguous for the sake of sales, but that's just personal preference. I don't see anything wrong with mentioning both interpretations, and giving preference to neither.
 * That reference has the original author's alternative words to be sung by a man (with my bold to highlight differences and role reversals). All the evidence is that Weatherly thought Danny Boy in its original form was to be sung by a woman.--Rumping (talk) 22:03, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Oh, Eily dear, the pipes, the pipes are calling
 * From glen to glen, and down the mountain side
 * The summer's gone, and all the roses falling
 * It's I, it's I must go, and you must bide.
 * But I'll come back when summer's in the meadow
 * Or when the valley's hushed and white with snow
 * And you'll be here in sunshine or in shadow
 * Oh Eily dear, oh Eily dear, I love you so.

 * Someday, may be, when all the flow'rs are dying
 * And I am dead, as dead I well may be
 * Ye'll come and find the place where I am lying
 * And kneel and say an Ave there for me.
 * And I shall hear, though soft you tread above me
 * And all my grave will warmer, sweeter, be
 * For you will bend and tell me that you love me
 * And I shall sleep in peace until you come to me.

I've reversed your edit. I read through the reference you provided and all I could see was mention of the fact that occasionally writers such as Weatherly would tailor their songs (i.e. "Eily Dear") for individuals and be recompensed for it. There is no firm evidence of any kind that supports the definitive statement that Weatherly thought that "Danny Boy" was originally intended as a message from a woman to a man".   For all we know, the quoted addition at the bottom of one of the printed versions may have been a publishers afterthought in order to maximise sales of the song - where is the link tying it back directly to Weatherly? David T Tokyo (talk) 02:30, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Eily dear was not tailored to an individual, but to male singers. See for example Nigel Parsons' comment at Talk:Danny_Boy/Archive_1 (just before the heading "National Anthem issue") or for example the sheet music at .  Add to that the first recording of Danny Boy, the main early singer and the epitaph, and I think there can be little doubt about Weatherly's attitude about the originally intended gender of the singer.  I accept he was a commercial songwriter and was happy when anybody (male or female, green or orange) bought his sheet music.  --Rumping (talk) 15:40, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Maybe I'm missing something (apologies if I am) but as far as I can see your argument is based on the fact that the 1918 version of the sheet music of Eily Dear includes a facsimile of Weatherly's signature. However - that is not proof of his intentions as to what the song meant, or who it should be sung by.  For that we need a valid quote, relating specifically to that issue, from Fred Weatherly himself.  David T Tokyo (talk) 17:55, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Actually it was the sheet music for Danny Boy, but also provided alternative words for men to sing. It stated it was authorised by Weatherly and appeared under his facsimile signature, which is more than can be said for the 1913 sheet music.--Rumping (talk) 00:52, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * OK. To be precise - The 1918 version of the sheet music for Danny Boy which includes the references to Eily Dear.  However, all of this is still nothing more than speculation.  The authorisation or the signature on this particular edition of the sheet music tell us nothing directly about what Fred Weatherly thoughts about his lyrics.   What we DO Have is Fred Weatherly's own specific notes about how he came to write Danny Boy. Weatherly tells us that Danny Boy "is sung all over the world by Sinn Feiners and Ulstermen alike".  Note that he mentions Men, not Women.  Not only is your theory speculative, but it also runs contrary to the one quote we have from Weatherly.

 * The text on the "Londonderry Air" is also subject to the the same speculation and at odds with the supplied reference. I'll make the necessary changes - thanks for bringing it up. David T Tokyo (talk) 05:04, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Actually, words he wrote in or before 1918 for the lyrics are a better indication of his intent than words he wrote in 1926 in Piano and Gown after reacting to the popularity of the song. The 1918 lyrics specifically say they were published with his authorisation.  You are the one speculating.--Rumping (talk) 00:10, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Please provide the evidence of that authorisation, and also Weatherly's statement that we can take that authorisation to mean that he felt "Danny Boy" should only be sung by women. If you can't do that, kindly stop making these changes.   We should be dealing in facts, not supposition. David T Tokyo (talk) 07:55, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Background
The sentence "Although the lyrics were originally written for a different tune, Weatherly modified them to fit "Londonderry Air" in 1913 when she sent Weatherly a copy. " is unclear - who is the "she" who sent a copy of the Air to Weatherly? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Scartboy (talk • contribs) 16:45, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

Answered my own question - according to Weatherly, it was his sister-in-law in America. Scartboy (talk) 17:40, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

name
http://www.standingstones.com/danny3.html#derry

I have put a source, therefore do not reverse my edit unless you want to put up an alternate source for calling it Londonderry air where then I suggest you keep both up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.255.217.212 (talk) 23:01, 22 May 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) Per WP:Engvar and WP:IMOS please don't make a change to a consensus version on such a controversial issue without proper discussion first.
 * 2) Please make sure any source you use is WP:RS. Although the author states media organisations have used him as a subject matter expert, I'm not convinced that particular site is WP:RS (excluding quotations etc) particularly the part on Air from County Derry given 3. (You're welcome to take it to WP:RS/N of course although it doesn't seem to matter.)
 * 3) Please actually read any source you do use. The source you used does not support your claim. In fact, it only mentions 'Derry Air' once and in that mention "If you were a proper Victorian, there's no way you were going to call it the Londonderry Air, much less the Derry Air" it makes it clear 'Derry Air' makes even less sense then Londonderry Air for the time. That section supports 'Air from County Derry' not 'Derry Air' (which as I said is only mentioned once) but primarily based on historical precendence. But for better or worse, that often only has a minor influence on the modern WP:Common name which is what we usually go by (combined with resonable application of WP:Engvar which in this case would probably mean first contributors preference). Elsewhere, it includes numerous other discussions where it refers to 'Londonderry Air' so it in no way even supports the claim 'Air from County Derry' is the common name let alone Derry Air. That source also seems to contradict itself since at first it says the earliest reference to 'Londonderry Air' is in the late 1930s but it later includes what is supposed to be a description from the person who set the lyrics to the tune in 1912 which appears to be from 1926 and that person calls it Londonderry Air. Nil Einne (talk) 14:40, 16 June 2011 (UTC)
 * 4) If you are going to make a change, please don't leave it half done leaving the situation where the article uses both names, confusing to anyone not familiar with the geopolitical mess that is the London/derry controversy.
 * P.S. I emailed the author on the contradiction.
 * Nil Einne (talk) 14:33, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

One After 909
You might mention the Beatles song "One After 909" - John Lennon sang 2 lines from "Danny boy" at the end. Kvsh5 (talk) 16:00, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

"nothing of the rebel song in it, and no note of bloodshed".
I don't understand, I thought it was about sending a kid off to war? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.45.157.68 (talk) 10:39, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

 * That is not an unknown interpretation, but note that it is the singer who stays and may die. The quote comes from the writer after WWI, though the song was written before; he presumably knew what he intended. --Rumping (talk) 20:55, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

Catholic funerals
There needs to be some sort of note about Catholicism in this article. The Catholic Church has banned the playing of Danny Boy at Catholic funerals. It sucks, my Irish Catholic family had to learn 'catholic lyrics' to this secular song for my grandmothers funeral, as Danny Boy is a family tradition for us. Since so many of the Irish are Catholic, and the song is so closely associated with the Irish, I think this is noteworthy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.13.14.233 (talk) 22:15, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I suppose you're aware of the reason for the ban? That, among other points, is well discussed at http://www.mudcat.org/thread.cfm?threadid=94716, along w/ the very attractive "Catholic lyrics" based on the ancient In Paradisum from the funeral liturgy.

 * However, I think this talk section is enough. I wouldn't really want to see it in the main article. GeorgeTSLC (talk) 16:23, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

Chart positions
Adding a list of United States chart positions (without making it clear that they are from the United States) to a song associated particularly with Northern Ireland is not terribly helpful, and does not show the world view that is required on Wikipedia. Has the song ever charted anywhere else (the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland would seem the most obvious countries)? Skinsmoke (talk) 09:16, 19 September 2012 (UTC)

New information?
Should the new information researched by Anthony Mann, the great-grandson of Frederic Weatherly, be added to the article? did that, and what he added was later removed.

Here are links to the web site and the book. -- DTRY (talk) 10:37, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

Lyrics variation
I decide to replace the many variation of lyrics with the original one. The replaced lyrics is kept below. -- DTRY (talk) 10:48, 19 December 2013 (UTC)

"Oh, Danny boy, the pipes, the pipes are calling

From glen to glen, and down the mountain side

The summer's gone, and all the flow'rs are dying

'Tis you, 'tis you must go and I must bide.

But come ye back when summer's in the meadow

Or when the valley's hushed and white with snow

'Tis I'll be here in sunshine or in shadow

Oh, Danny boy, oh, Danny boy, I love you so.

And if you come, and all the flowers are dying

If I am dead, as dead I well may be

I pray you'll find the place where I am lying

And kneel and say an "Ave" there for me.

And I shall hear, though soft you tread above me

And all my grave will warm and sweeter be

And then you'll kneel and whisper that you love me

And I shall sleep in peace until you come to me.

 * or I'll simply sleep in peace until you come to me.

 * or And I shall rest in peace until you come to me.

 * or Oh, Danny boy, oh, Danny boy, I love you so."

Original Lyrics
The present lyrics differs from the lyrics that is found in source [2 ] (I slightly corrected the link which is broken in the original file but which points now directly to the relevant section). Here are some of the most important differences: The source I cite stems from 1926. Is there any good reference to the version of the lyrics presented now? If so, it is not given in the article. --Kaernbach (talk) 07:55, 27 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Line 3: "and all the flowers dying," should be  "and all the roses falling," which rhymes nicely to line 1 "pipes are calling".
 * Line 4: "tis you tis you" reads "It's you it's you" in the original. The same holds for line 7 ("It's I").
 * some further little differences (line 9 does not start with "and", "Ye'll come" instead of "You come" in line 11 and so on).

I just noticed that the original lyrics already entered by DTRY was (with little adaptations) valid until Nov 1 2014 when some IP (221.126.8.59) changed it to something that is nowhere documented. Please refrain from editing the lyrics just for your personal taste. There are original sources and they should be respected. The only difference I allowed for between the version that I now reinstalled and the version from the sources is in line 8. The original reads in source [2] as follows: "Oh, Danny boy, O Danny boy, I love you so!" The second "O" without the "h" seems to be a typo. It would be great if we could come even closer to the original and verify the exact spelling. Kaernbach (talk) 11:23, 12 December 2014 (UTC)

Who is Derek Collins?
On April 3rd 2016 Breadsnapper added "2016, Derek Collins, Songs and Stories, Lullaby version recorded by the Irish tenor/balladeer following extensive US tours" as a notable recording. Derek Collins has no page om Wikipedia and the link goes to his facebook page. The link to the song/album goes goes to http://play.coogle.com/store/... where you can buy the record. Notable recording? No! Adverisement? Yes!

The only other contribution by Breadsnapper was a similar link on The Unquiet Grave, soon removed by XLinkBot.

But XLinkBot missed this one, so I removed it as well! Episcophagus (talk) 09:05, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120121040829/http://it-charts.150m.com/numeriuno-1960.htm to http://it-charts.150m.com/numeriuno-1960.htm

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Additional lyrics
There are additional lyrics by Keith Evans, former member of BYU Vocal Point:

 * O Danny Boy, the stream flows cool and slowly;
 * And pipes still call and echo ‘cross the glen.
 * Your broken mother sighs and feels so lowly,
 * For you have not returned to smile again.

 * So If you’ve died and crossed the stream before us,
 * We pray that angels met you on the shore;
 * And you’ll look down, and gently you’ll implore us
 * To live, so we may see your smiling face once more,
 * Once more.

Greetings Harry8 (talk) 11:04, 27 January 2017 (UTC)

The "Usage" section is getting out of hand
We don't need to list every single instance the song was ever played. Right now, most of the entries are unsourced. Most entries also fall into one of the following categories: The cultural references should definitely stay. I think the covers should be removed, and a majority of the movie/tv/game appearances should as well. Not to mention, many of these are poorly and inconsistently formatted. Any thoughts? I'll wait for a consensus before mass-removing, at least for now. Mformatt(So it goes.) 05:22, 4 February 2018 (UTC)
 * played in a movie, TV show, or video game
 * a cover of the song, studio or live recording
 * a cultural reference
 * I agree. So, I removed all the uncited or poorly cited examples.  Note: a random YouTube video is not an adequate cite.  A source has to show that the usage of the song is significant and notable, not merely that it happened. --- The Old Jacobite The '45 00:02, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 June 2019
My request is to add Bill Monroe to the list of artists who have recorded Danny Boy under the Meaning section. Rambler71 (talk) 13:10, 10 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. NiciVampireHeart 21:29, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 10 June 2019
My request is to add Bill Monroe to the list of artists who have recorded Danny Boy under the Meaning section. I can get the recording information also. Rambler71 (talk) 13:32, 11 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. NiciVampireHeart 16:23, 11 June 2019 (UTC)

erm...
Quote: "Frederic Weatherly wrote the lyrics in Bath, Somerset, England in 1913"

Quote: "English lawyer and lyricist Frederic Weatherly wrote the words to "Danny Boy" in Bath, Somerset in 1910"

Best regards -- 62.216.207.61 (talk) 15:53, 25 July 2019 (UTC)

Unofficial signature song and anthem particularly by Irish Americans and Irish Canadians
The source for this was a broken link, but is available at []. Not imo a reliable source. Good topic though, so please restore (I suggest to separate section) if RS exist. Springnuts (talk) 21:27, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

Two flimsy things on the origin of the music and of the lyrics
Two flimsy things on the origin of the music and of the lyrics

First, an artist performed it in Big Sur to a small crowd, and he stated he knew it to be centuries old, perhaps the oldest song in existence. I wondered how anyone could claim that

Second there was a short TV documentary about the song's lyrics, and they said it was written by an Irish American in Colorado per request of a newspaper. Can't remember details

As an American Unitarian, I am quite aware songs are "borrowed"- our National Anthem was a British drinking song for instance.

title: Talk:Danny Boy


text:
Weatherford

Weatherford may refer to:

Cities and towns

 * Weatherford, Oklahoma, small city in Custer County
 * Weatherford, Texas, medium city in Parker County

People

 * Jack Weatherford, American professor, ethnographer, and anthropologist
 * James K. Weatherford (1850–1935), American lawyer and politician
 * Mary Weatherford (born 1963), American artist
 * Sterling Weatherford (born 1999), American football player
 * Steve Weatherford (born 1982), American football punter
 * Will Weatherford (born 1979), American politician

Other uses

 * Weatherford College, a college in Weatherford, Texas
 * Weatherford Hall, a dormitory at Oregon State University named after James K. Weatherford
 * Weatherford International, an oilfield services company

title: Weatherford


text:
Wilmore

Wilmore may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Wilmore, Kansas
 * Wilmore, Kentucky
 * Wilmore, Pennsylvania
 * Wilmore, West Virginia

People

 * Barry E. Wilmore, NASA astronaut and United States Navy test pilot
 * Larry Wilmore, television producer, writer, comedian, and actor

title: Wilmore


text:
Conivaptan

Conivaptan, sold under the brand name Vaprisol, is a non-peptide inhibitor of the receptor for anti-diuretic hormone, also called vasopressin. It was approved in 2004 for hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels). The compound was discovered by Astellas and marked in 2006. The drug is now marketed by Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Conivaptan inhibits two of the three subtypes of the vasopressin receptor (V1a and V2). Effectively, it causes iatrogenic nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Conivaptan has not been approved by the American Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure. However, in theory, vasopressin receptor antagonism would be particularly useful in this setting, and an initial study shows that it has some promise.

Medical uses
Conivaptan is most commonly used in the hospital in cases of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia, conditions where the sodium level in the blood falls significantly below normal. In the United States hyponatremia affects about four percent of hospitalized patients. Although many patients do not show symptoms, extreme cases may result in brain swelling, respiratory arrest and even death. Hypervolemic hyponatremia specifically is when the body’s serum sodium levels fall below the total body water increase, which results in edema. This is associated with congestive heart failure, liver disease and kidney failure.

Pharmacology
Conivaptan hydrochloride is an arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonist with affinity for human V1A and V2 receptors in the nanomolar range in vitro. AVP levels in blood are crucial for water and electrolyte regulation and balance. V2 receptors maintain plasma osmolality and are coupled to aquaporin channels in the collecting ducts of kidneys where they regulate AVP levels. Conivaptan hydrochloride functions by antagonizing V2 receptors in the renal collecting ducts and thus causing aquaresis or water secretion. Typical pharmacodynamic effects of the drug are an increase in net fluid loss, increase in  urine output, and decrease in the osmolality of urine. Conivaptan inhibits its own metabolism in the body, displaying non-linear pharmacokinetics. About 99% of conivaptan found is bound to human plasma proteins over the range of 10 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL. The mean half-life of the drug is 5 hours and mean clearance is 15.2 L/hr.

Adverse effects
Most adverse reactions to conivaptan are found at the site of infusion. Other complications include blood and lymphatic system disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolism and nutrition disorders, psychiatric disorders as well as vascular disorders. There is risk of too rapid correction of hyponatremia causing fatal osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Chemistry
Conivaptan hydrochloride is an off-white or a pale yellow power with a solubility of 0.25 mg/mL in water at 23 °C. The injectable formulation consists of 20 mg conivaptan hydrochloride, 0.4 g ethanol, 1.2 g propylene glycol and water.

Development and commercialization
Conivaptan hydrochloride was discovered by Yamanouchi Pharmaceuticals and marketed by Astellas. Yamanouchi Pharmaceuticals filed a new drug application to the FDA for conivaptan hydrochloride to treat hyponatremia on 2 February 2004. On 1 December, Yamanouchi received approval for investigational hyponatremia treatment using conivaptan hydrochloride. Yamanouchi pharmaceuticals and Fujisawa Pharmaceuticlas merged and were renamed as Astellas’ in 2005. Astellas gained FDA approval for Conivaptan hydrochloride on 29 December 2005, and marked the drug under the brand name of Vaprisol in 2006.

On 2 March 2007, vaprisol also gained FDA approval for the treatment of hypervolemia hyponatremia. On 22 October 2008, Vaprisol further gained approval as a 5% Dextrose premixed formulation for the treatment of hyponatremia. In 2014 Cumberland pharmaceuticals bought Vaprisol from Astellas and took full responsibility of all development and marketing of the drug.

Cumberland Pharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical company based in Nashville, Tennessee. In addition to Vaprisol, Cumberland produces Acetadote, Caldolor, Kristalose, Omeclamox, and Ethyol. Hepatoren, Boxban, Vasculan, and currently in phase II clinical trials. Protaban, Methotrexate, and Totect are waiting for pre-approval.

title: Conivaptan


text:
Racha

Racha (also Račha, რაჭა, Račʼa, Рацъ) is a highland area in western Georgia, located in the upper Rioni river valley and hemmed in by the Greater Caucasus mountains. Under Georgia's current subdivision, Racha is included in the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti region (mkhare) as the municipalities of Oni and Ambrolauri.

Racha occupies 2,854 km2 in the north-eastern corner of western Georgia. Spurs of the Greater Caucasus crest separates Racha from the Georgian historical regions of Svaneti and Lechkhumi on the north-west and from Imereti on the south, while the main Caucasus ridge forms a boundary with Russia’s North Ossetia. On the east, Racha is bordered by breakaway South Ossetia, officially part of Georgia's Shida Kartli region.

History
Racha had been part of Colchis and Caucasian Iberia since ancient times and its main town Oni was said to have been founded by King Parnajom of Iberia in the 2nd century BC. Upon the creation of the unified Georgian kingdom in the 11th century, Racha became one of the duchies (saeristavo) within it. Rati of the Baghvashi family was the first duke (eristavi) appointed by King Bagrat III. Descendants of Rati and his son Kakhaber, eponymous father of Racha's ruling dynasty of Kakhaberisdze, governed the province until 1278. In 1278 King David VI Narin abolished the duchy during his war against the Mongols. In the mid-14th century, the duchy was restored under the rule of the Charelidze family.

The next dynasty of Chkhetidze governed Racha from 1465 to 1769. Vassals of the King of Imereti, they revolted several times against the royal power. The 1678–1679 civil war resulted in the most serious consequences. In this war, Duke Shoshita II of Racha (1661–1684) supported Prince Archil, a rival of the pro-Ottoman Imeretian king Bagrat IV. On the defeat of Archil, Racha was overrun and plundered by an Ottoman punitive force. Under Rostom (1749–1769), the duchy became virtually independent from Imereti. However, towards the end of 1769, King Solomon I of Imereti managed to arrest Rostom and to abolish the duchy. In 1784, King David II of Imereti revived the duchy and gave it to his nephew Anton. Local opposition attempted to use an Ottoman force to take control of Racha, but the victory of King David at Skhvava (January 26, 1786) temporarily secured his dominance in the area. In 1789, the next Imeretian king Solomon II finally abolished the duchy and subordinated the province directly to the royal administration.

Genetics
Out of the tested Rachian last names, the most common Y-chromosomal haplogroup among the Rachians is G2a (64%), in the second place is the Y-chromosomal haplogroup J2a (22%).

Notable people

 * Prokofy Dzhaparidze (Alyosha), a communist revolutionary and one of the 26 Baku Commissars.
 * Nona Gaprindashvili - is a Georgian chess Grandmaster. She was the first woman ever to be awarded the FIDE title of Grandmaster.
 * David Gobejishvili - is a former Soviet (Georgian) wrestler and Olympic champion in Freestyle wrestling.
 * Kosta Maisuradze - Soviet wrestler
 * Ketevan Svanidze, first wife of Joseph Stalin
 * Alexander Svanidze, Stalin's brother-in-law; executed in 1941

title: Racha