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Barrio Sésamo

Barrio Sésamo (Sesame Neighborhood in English) is the Spanish co-production of the popular U.S. children's television series Sesame Street produced by Televisión Española and Sesame Workshop (formerly Children's Television Workshop) from 1979 to 2000, the equivalent of Plaza Sésamo in Latin America. All characters adopted Spanish names while for the title of the series a more appropriate Spanish name was chosen: barrio (Neighborhood) instead of Street (calle).

Ábrete Sésamo (1974-1978)
Previously, from November 3, 1974 to March 29, 1978, segments of the original Sesame Street were simply acquired and dubbed into Spanish to be aired with the title Ábrete Sésamo (es. Open Sesame) as part of a program "container" called Un globo, dos globos, tres globos.

Season 1 (1978-1981)
In 1978, (RTVE), Televisión Española and Children's Television Workshop (CTW) agreed the terms for a co-production, after years where RTVE simply aired the original Sesame Street dubbed segments. The new episodes included a 15 minute segment of dubbed footage, and another 15 minute segment of original footage.

Duncan Kenworthy (CTW) was in charge of the USA production and Enrique Nicanor was assigned by (TVE) as Director of the Spanish new show and designer of the two Spanish new original muppets "Caponata" and "Perezgil"

 * Caponata was a red, orange and yellow feathered hen with curly pink hair similar in height (2 meters) to Big Bird. Actress Emma Cohen was in charge of working inside the muppet body and providing the character's voice. Caponata has the psychology of a 6 years old girl, naïve and curious about everything.
 * Perezgil was a large green snail with round glasses and curly green hair. He was reader, writer, poet and advisor of everybody in the neighborhood. Actor Jesús Alcaide was in charge of working the muppet as well as providing its voice.

Human characters includes:

 * Nisi: Juan Margallo, the bar owner
 * Angela: Petra Martínez, Nisi's wife
 * Braulio: Manolo Aleixandre and/or José Riesgo, the newsstand owner
 * Manolo: Manolo Vallejo, the garage owner
 * Carmen: Concha Goyanes
 * Cuqui: Gabriel Fariza, the radio reporter
 * Jose: Marcelo Rubal

American characters with Spanish names:
 * Bert: Blas
 * Ernie: Epi
 * Kermit the Frog: Gustavo, la rana
 * Grover: Coco
 * Cookie Monster: Triqui
 * Count von Count: El conde draco

Cancellation
The First Bario Sésamo season was cancelled by the station (RTVE) in 1981 when the station denied the authors to keep their rights on the characters. An agreement had been reached where the authors granted full commercial rights to the station except the right to be mentioned as authors and the right to deny the use of the muppets for commercial advertising of carbonized drinks and unhealthy products for children, the same rights that Jim Henson kept with all his own characters. The station fired the first creators and banned the characters from appearing in the new season. The person responsible for the Children's Department at the station commissioning the American co-production company, CTW USA, to create and provide new "Spanish" muppets with new names. With that action, Barrio Sésamo was no longer a co-production with Spanish-created characters.

La Cometa Blanca (1981-1983)
From 1981 to 1983, a different Televisión Española children's program, La Cometa Blanca, included some sketches from Sesame Street. This program was directed by Muppet fan Lolo Rico and featured some actors who would later appear in Barrio Sésamo, mainly Mari Luz Olier, Alfonso Vallejo and the child-actress Ruth Gabriel (then known as Ruth Abellán).

Seasons 2-4 (1983-1988)
The Sesame Street sketches in La Cometa Blanca were so successful with their young audience that the Spanish-version was given another chance in 1983. Only José Riesgo as Julián returned from the first season. Caponata and Perezgil were replaced by two new Muppets totally designed, this time, and constructed by CTW. The main character was Espinete, a large pink hedgehog that replaced Caponata. Like Caponata, Espinete was a full-body Muppet and was the main character on the show, played by Chelo Vivares. He became famous for sleeping in pajamas in spite of being "naked" the rest of the day.

Other characters included:

In 1983, one year after the second season started, a new government won the elections in Spain and new officials were appointed as DG of RTVE (José Maria Calviño). The new staff fired those involved in the cancellation of the original series. The creator of the banned first season was called by the station and was appointed as new Head of the Children' Programmes Unit and later Director of the TVE-2 channel.
 * Don Pimpón (Alfonso Vallejo): Another full-body Muppet. This farmer was an undetermined brown being, similar to a Sesame Street monster.
 * Chema (Juan Sánchez): The baker of Barrio Sésamo.
 * Ana (Isabel Castro): The young friend of everybody.
 * Don Julián (José Riesgo): The old owner of a mobile news stand.
 * Matilde (Mari Luz Olier) and Antonio (José Enrique Camacho): married owners of an horchata shop
 * Roberto (Roberto Mayor) and Ruth (Ruth Gabriel, as Ruth Abellán): Matilde and Antonio's children

The show finished around April 1988 and was replaced by Los Mundos de Yupi, a similar program fully produced by Televisión Española, featuring three extraterrestrial characters.

Barrio Sésamo revival (1996-2000)
In 1996, the show returned, this time being produced in both Catalan and Castilian.

New characters included Bluki (a blue full-body cat-like Muppet), Vera (a yellow monster), Bubo (an owl) and Gaspar (a human Muppet). Additional characters that made occasional appearances included a wild monster with red fur and a healthy appetite — portraying a role similar to Cookie Monster's — and a tan Anything Muppet that could be turned into characters (such as a baby, a girl friend of Vera's, a clumsy man with a moustache, or a pig). The show's directors were Enrique Nicanor, Antonio Torets, and Jose María Vidal (co-director).

Later Spanish dubs
Since 2006, Juega Conmigo, Sésamo, the Castilian Spanish dub of Play with Me Sesame, has been broadcast on Antena 3.

Since 2012, Super Healthy Monsters is a 5 to 7-minute series focuses on activities and foods that keep one healthy. Sesame Workshop produced 26 episodes in English, which initially aired dubbed in Spain on Antena 3 as a Barrio Sésamo mini-series called "Monstruos Supersanos."

On April 28, 2016, El Hotel Furchester, the Castilian Spanish dub of The Furchester Hotel, was broadcast in Spain on TVE Clan.

The show is part of the HBO programming in Spain under its original title, Sesame Street, with dubbed episodes of the HBO seasons from 2017 to present.

List of 1979-80s series episodes
The rest of the episodes are in the website RTVE but they’re titled of the date.
 * ”Programa piloto” (1979) (broadcast in 01/01/80)
 * ”Primer programa” (12/24/79)
 * ”Segunda programa” (1979)

List of 1980s series episodes

 * "La bicicleta" (6- 4-1983)
 * "Vamos a jugar" (7-4-1983) (7-11-1983)
 * "Dietética sana" (8-4-1983) (19-12-1983)
 * "El invento de Don Pimpón" (13-4-1983) (23-11-1983)
 * "Las cosquillas" (15-4-1983) (22-11-1983)
 * "El cubo" (20-4-1983)(20-12-1983)
 * "Fiesta de piñata" (21-4-1983)
 * "Hay que divertirse" (22-4-1983) (14-11-1983)
 * "La tortuga" (2-5-1983)
 * "Los mayores saben jugar" (3-5-1983)(2-9-1983)
 * "El plátano" (4-5-1983)(5-8-1983)
 * "El cumpleaños de Teresa" (5-5-1983)
 * "El juego" (6-5-1983)(9-2-1984)
 * "La familia Pelaez" (9-5-1983) (30-11-1983)
 * "La vaca" (10-5-1983)
 * "Los cubiertos" (11-5-1983) (1-8-1983) (30-1-1984)
 * "Socorro" (12-5-1983)
 * "Singular persecución" (13-5-1983) (7-12-1983)
 * "La familia Ortiz" (18-5-1983) (14-12-1983)
 * "Los sacos" (19-5-1983) (22-2-1984)(20-5-1987)
 * "La electricidad" (20-5-1983) (2-8-1983) (1-2-1984) (11-5-1987)
 * "El teatro" (25-5-1983) (25-7-1983)(11-1-1984) (2-7-1987)
 * "Inventando juegos" (19-7-1983)(21-12-1983)
 * "La imprenta de patata" (20-7-1983)(26-12-1983)
 * "Don Pimpón tiene calor" (21-7-1983)(9-1-1984)
 * "Singular persecución" (22-7-1983)(4-1-1984)
 * "La huerta de Julian" (27-7-1983) (18-1-1984) (7-7-1987)
 * "Viendo la televisión" (28-7-1983)
 * "Los gorros" (29-7-1983)
 * "El extranjero" (3-8-1983)
 * "La higiene del cuerpo" (4-8-1983) (6-2-1986)
 * "La bolera" (18-8-1983)
 * "Una tarde en casa" (30-8-1983) (22-2-1984)
 * "El enfado de Espinete" (31-8-1983)
 * "Los faroles" (1-9-1983)
 * "La cuerda" (20-10-1983)
 * "Bromas" (25-10-1983) (28-12-1983)
 * "El cohete de Espinete" (1-11-1983)
 * "La puerta" (2-11-1983)
 * "Verdad o mentira" (3-11-1983) (12-4-1984)
 * "El cuadro de Espinete" (4-11-1983) (26-4-1984)
 * "Son como niños" (8-11-1983) (11-4-1984)
 * "El día de la compra" (11-11-1983) (18-5-1984)
 * "La máquina" (16-11-1983)
 * "El mensaje secreto" (18-11-1983)
 * "El encantador de serpientes" (25-11-1983)
 * "Jugando al circo" (29-11-1983) (22-5-1984)
 * "La caseta" (28-11-1983)
 * "Espinete de La Mancha" (2-12-1983) (21-5-1984)
 * "El sillin nuevo" (5-12-1983)
 * "La película de Espinete" (8-12-1983) (27-4-1984)
 * "Espinete tiene hipo" (12-12-1983)
 * "La taquilla" (13-12-1983)
 * "El muñeco mecánico" (22-12-1983) (21-5-1984)
 * "Espinete y el bosque" (31-1-1984) (12-6-1984)
 * "La viejecita simpática" (16-2-1984)
 * "El gato" (20-2-1984)
 * "Jugando con palabras" (23-2-1984) (11-6-1984)
 * "El mural" (29-2-1984)
 * "Personajes famosos" (1-3-1984)
 * "La pelota se pincha" (5-3-1984)
 * "Mi zapato" (7-3-1984)
 * "Profesiones" (8-3-1984)
 * "Majo,Mimo,mago" (14-3-1984) (28-6-1984) (20-7-1987)
 * "El chatarrero" (15-3-1984) (26-6-1984)
 * "La riña de Espinete" (19-3-1984) (8-7-1984)
 * "Las bromas de Don Pimpón" (21-3-1984) (27-6-1984)
 * "La cometa" (29-3-1984)
 * "El sillon" (5-4-1984) (19-6-1984)
 * "Conozcamos a los animales" (10-4-1984)
 * "Que desbarajuste" (19-4-1984) (24-11-1987)
 * "Circuitos y Espinete" (20-4-1984)
 * "Qué cisco de circo" (8-6-1984)
 * "Espinete y el arbol del tesoro" (1-10-1984)
 * "Noche de reyes" (4-1-1985)
 * "La bola" (1-7-1985)
 * "Pregunta y acierta" (26-3-1986)
 * "Máquina de disfraces" (7-4-1986) (19-11-1986)
 * "Espinete lobo de mar" (14-4-1986) (13-11-1986) (1-2-1988)
 * "El globo de Espinete" (1-5-1986) (5-4-1988)
 * "La curiosidad de Espinete" (13-5-1986) (30-9-1986)
 * "Concurso de disfraces" (19-6-1986) (18-12-1986) (18-2-1988)
 * "Gambas con gabardina" (24-6-1896)
 * "Abrete Sésamo" (25-6-1986) (18-12-1986) (14-3-1988)
 * "La naranjada" (2-10-1986) (5-11-1986) (14-4-1988)
 * "Espinete domador" (8-10-1986) (4-12-1986) (25-1-1988)
 * "El mundo del reves y Espinete" (14-10-1986) (16-12-1986) (7-3-1988)
 * "El viaje de Espinete" (3-11-1986)
 * "Espinete bebé" (17-11-1986) (28-1-1988)
 * "No te manches" (26-11-1986) (28-3-1988)
 * "El hermano de Espinete" (9-12-1986) (11-2-1988)
 * "Espinete Superstar" (19-12-1986) (30-3-1988)
 * "El show de Barrio Sésamo" (1-1-1987)
 * "La inauguración" (8-1-1987)
 * "El guaperas" (13-1-1987)
 * "El vendedor ambulante" (11-2-1987)
 * "Visto y no visto" (13-2-1987)
 * "Los trogloditas" (19-2-1987)
 * "Llama que te llama" (23-2-1987)
 * "Los trogloditas atacan de nuevo" (9-3-1987)
 * "La banda y Espinete" (3-7-1987)
 * "El balón de Espinete" (1-10-1987)
 * "Espinete y el buzón" (5-10-1987)
 * "Los trucos de Espinete" (16-11-1987)
 * "El trabalenguas" (26-11-1987)
 * "Vivan los novios,Espinete" (1-12-1987)
 * "El tren de Espinete" (2-12-1987)
 * "Las palabras" (3-12-1987)
 * "Especiál navidad" (24-12-1987)
 * "Especial reyes" (5-1-1988)
 * "Espival de Sesamot" (6-1-1988)
 * "La amiga de Espinete" (7-1-1988)
 * "El hipnotizador y Espinete" (12-1-1988)
 * "Los sombreros" (13-1-1988)
 * "La bruja Piruja" (19-1-1988)
 * "El reloj de cuco" (20-1-1988)
 * "Don Pimpón y los piratas" (26-1-1988)
 * "El maharaja de Kapuratala" (27-1-1988)
 * "Ojo, mancha" (2-2-1988)
 * "Mama Momias" (3-2-1988)
 * "Espinete guardia urbano" (4-2-1988)
 * "El armario de luna" (9-2-1988)
 * "Gran jefe indio" (10-2-1988)
 * "El doctor Herborin" (16-2-1988)
 * "Espinete escayolado" (17-2-1988)
 * "Camúflate Espinete" (23-2-1988)
 * "Arroz para todos" (24-2-1988)
 * "El mono titiritero" (25-2-1988)
 * "El médico y Espinete" (2-3-1988)
 * "El hombre del maletin" (3-3-1988)
 * "El zoo de Espinete" (4-3-1988)
 * "Espinete quiere ser camarero" (8-3-1988)
 * "La máquina de los disfraces" (9-3-1988)
 * "Voy a navegar" (10-3-1988)
 * "Las pesas" (15-3-1988)
 * "Un día tranquilo" (16-3-1988)
 * "Con tenedor y cuchara" (17-3-1988)
 * "El grillo" (22-3-1988)
 * "Problemas con la decoración" (23-2-1988)
 * "Palomitas de maíz" (24-32-1988)
 * "Espinete y su grupete" (29-3-1988)
 * "La visita del medico" (30-3-1988)
 * "Bebe nuevo" (6-4-1988)
 * "Los sonámbulos" (7-4-1988)
 * "Las pintadas" (12-4-1998)
 * "Misterio en el bazar" (13-4-1988)

title: Barrio Sésamo


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Related rates

In differential calculus, related rates problems involve finding a rate at which a quantity changes by relating that quantity to other quantities whose rates of change are known. The rate of change is usually with respect to time. Because science and engineering often relate quantities to each other, the methods of related rates have broad applications in these fields. Differentiation with respect to time or one of the other variables requires application of the chain rule, since most problems involve several variables.

Fundamentally, if a function $$F$$ is defined such that $$F = f(x)$$, then the derivative of the function $$F$$ can be taken with respect to another variable. We assume $$x$$ is a function of $$t$$, i.e. $$x=g(t)$$. Then $$F=f(g(t))$$, so

 * $$F'(t) =f'(g(t)) \cdot g'(t)$$

Written in Leibniz notation, this is:

 * $$\frac{dF}{dt} = \frac{df}{dx} \cdot \frac{dx}{dt}.$$

Thus, if it is known how $$x$$ changes with respect to $$t$$, then we can determine how $$F$$ changes with respect to $$t$$ and vice versa. We can extend this application of the chain rule with the sum, difference, product and quotient rules of calculus, etc.

For example, if $$F(x)= G(y)+ H(z)$$ then
 * $$\frac{dF}{dx}\cdot \frac{dx}{dt} =\frac{dG}{dy} \cdot \frac{dy}{dt}+ \frac{dH}{dz} \cdot \frac{dz}{dt}.$$

Procedure
The most common way to approach related rates problems is the following:
 * 1) Identify the known variables, including rates of change and the rate of change that is to be found. (Drawing a picture or representation of the problem can help to keep everything in order)
 * 2) Construct an equation relating the quantities whose rates of change are known to the quantity whose rate of change is to be found.
 * 3) Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to time (or other rate of change). Often, the  chain rule is employed at this step.
 * 4) Substitute the known rates of change and the known quantities into the equation.
 * 5) Solve for the wanted rate of change.

Errors in this procedure are often caused by plugging in the known values for the variables before (rather than after) finding the derivative with respect to time. Doing so will yield an incorrect result, since if those values are substituted for the variables before differentiation, those variables will become constants; and when the equation is differentiated, zeroes appear in places of all variables for which the values were plugged in.

Example
A 10-meter ladder is leaning against the wall of a building, and the base of the ladder is sliding away from the building at a rate of 3 meters per second. How fast is the top of the ladder sliding down the wall when the base of the ladder is 6 meters from the wall?

The distance between the base of the ladder and the wall, x, and the height of the ladder on the wall, y, represent the sides of a right triangle with the ladder as the hypotenuse, h. The objective is to find dy/dt, the rate of change of y with respect to time, t, when h, x and dx/dt, the rate of change of x, are known.

Step 1:
 * $$x=6$$
 * $$h=10$$
 * $$\frac{dx}{dt}=3$$
 * $$\frac{dh}{dt}=0$$
 * $$\frac{dy}{dt}=\text{?}$$

Step 2: From the Pythagorean theorem, the equation
 * $$x^2+y^2=h^2,$$

describes the relationship between x, y and h, for a right triangle. Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to time, t, yields
 * $$\frac{d}{dt}\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\frac{d}{dt}\left(h^2\right)$$

Step 3: When solved for the wanted rate of change, dy/dt, gives us
 * $$\frac{d}{dt}\left(x^2\right)+\frac{d}{dt}\left(y^2\right)=\frac{d}{dt}\left(h^2\right)$$
 * $$(2x)\frac{dx}{dt}+(2y)\frac{dy}{dt}=(2h)\frac{dh}{dt}$$
 * $$x\frac{dx}{dt}+y\frac{dy}{dt}=h\frac{dh}{dt}$$
 * $$\frac{dy}{dt}=\frac{h\frac{dh}{dt}-x\frac{dx}{dt}}{y}.$$

Step 4 & 5: Using the variables from step 1 gives us:
 * $$\frac{dy}{dt}=\frac{h\frac{dh}{dt}-x\frac{dx}{dt}}{y}.$$
 * $$\frac{dy}{dt}=\frac{10\times0-6\times3}{y}=-\frac{18}{y}.$$

Solving for y using the Pythagorean Theorem gives:
 * $$x^2+y^2=h^2$$
 * $$6^2+y^2=10^2$$
 * $$y=8$$

Plugging in 8 for the equation:
 * $$-\frac{18}{y}=-\frac{18}{8}=-\frac{9}{4}$$

It is generally assumed that negative values represent the downward direction. In doing such, the top of the ladder is sliding down the wall at a rate of $9⁄4$ meters per second.

Physics examples
Because one physical quantity often depends on another, which, in turn depends on others, such as time, related-rates methods have broad applications in Physics. This section presents an example of related rates kinematics and electromagnetic induction.

Relative kinematics of two vehicles

For example, one can consider the kinematics problem where one vehicle is heading West toward an intersection at 80 miles per hour while another is heading North away from the intersection at 60 miles per hour. One can ask whether the vehicles are getting closer or further apart and at what rate at the moment when the North bound vehicle is 3 miles North of the intersection and the West bound vehicle is 4 miles East of the intersection.

Big idea: use chain rule to compute rate of change of distance between two vehicles.

Plan:
 * 1) Choose coordinate system
 * 2) Identify variables
 * 3) Draw picture
 * 4) Big idea: use chain rule to compute rate of change of distance between two vehicles
 * 5) Express c in terms of x and y via Pythagorean theorem
 * 6) Express dc/dt using chain rule in terms of dx/dt and dy/dt
 * 7) Substitute in x, y, dx/dt, dy/dt
 * 8) Simplify.

Choose coordinate system: Let the y-axis point North and the x-axis point East.

Identify variables: Define y(t) to be the distance of the vehicle heading North from the origin and x(t) to be the distance of the vehicle heading West from the origin.

Express c in terms of x and y via the Pythagorean theorem:

 * $$c = \left(x^2 + y^2\right)^{1/2}$$

Express dc/dt using chain rule in terms of dx/dt and dy/dt:

Substitute in x = 4 mi, y = 3 mi, dx/dt = −80 mi/hr, dy/dt = 60 mi/hr and simplify

\begin{align} \frac{dc}{dt} & = \frac{4 \text{ mi} \cdot (-80 \text{ mi}/\text{hr}) + 3 \text{ mi} \cdot (60) \text{mi}/\text{hr}}{\sqrt{(4 \text{ mi})^2 + (3 \text{ mi})^2}}\\ & = \frac{-320 \text{ mi}^2/\text{hr} + 180 \text{ mi}^2/\text{hr}}{5\text{ mi}}\\ &= \frac{-140 \text{ mi}^2/\text{hr}}{5\text{ mi}}\\ & = -28 \text{ mi}/\text{hr} \end{align} $$

Consequently, the two vehicles are getting closer together at a rate of 28 mi/hr.

Electromagnetic induction of conducting loop spinning in magnetic field
The magnetic flux through a loop of area A whose normal is at an angle θ to a magnetic field of strength B is

 * $$ \Phi_B = B A \cos(\theta),$$

Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that the induced electromotive force $$\mathcal{E}$$ is the negative rate of change of magnetic flux $$\Phi_B$$ through a conducting loop.

 * $$ \mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt},$$

If the loop area A and magnetic field B are held constant, but the loop is rotated so that the angle θ is a known function of time, the rate of change of θ can be related to the rate of change of $$\Phi_B$$ (and therefore the electromotive force) by taking the time derivative of the flux relation

 * $$\mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} = B A \sin\theta \frac{d\theta}{dt} $$

If for example, the loop is rotating at a constant angular velocity ω, so that θ = ωt, then

 * $$\mathcal{E}= \omega B A \sin\omega t $$

title: Related rates


text:
Wayne Chrebet

Wayne Chrebet (born August 14, 1973) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for 11 seasons with the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL) from 1995 to 2005. He played college football for the Hofstra Pride.

High school and college career
Chrebet grew up in Garfield, New Jersey in heavily suburban Bergen County. He played high school football at Garfield High School.

After graduating from Garfield, Chrebet remained in the tri-state area, attending Hofstra University on Long Island. Chrebet enjoyed a very productive college football career. Playing from 1991 to 1994, he set several school records, which include the single-game receiving yards record (245), touchdowns in a game (five), season (16) and career (31). A four-year letter-winner, he twice led Hofstra in receiving yards, and during his 1994 Senior season he became the first player in school history to amass 1,000 receiving yards in a single season. He also etched his name in the NCAA Division I-AA record book by scoring five receiving touchdowns in a single game, tying a record held by NFL Hall of Famer Jerry Rice.

Hofstra has honored Chrebet for his outstanding college career. He was inducted into the Hofstra University Athletic Hall of Fame in 2006 as part of its inaugural class, and his jersey #3 was retired.

NFL career
Despite his collegiate success, Chrebet was not regarded as an NFL prospect. At 5 ft and 188 lb, he was deemed too small for the NFL and went undrafted in the 1995 NFL Draft.

Chrebet did get a tryout with the Baltimore Stallions of the Canadian Football League, but he was cut after one day.

Chrebet's big break came when he was granted a walk-on opportunity with the NFL's New York Jets, which at the time trained at Hofstra’s campus.

Chrebet entered training camp 11th of 11 on the Jets' wide receiver depth chart. Since NFL teams generally retained about five receivers on their regular season roster at the time, Chrebet was not expected to make the team.

While Chrebet was so small that a team security guard prevented him from entering the front gate on his first day of training camp, Chrebet did make the Jets’ final 53-man roster. In so doing, he became the first Hofstra alumnus to make an NFL team in three decades.

During his rookie season, on December 3, 1995, Chrebet pulled in 8 receptions in a game against the St. Louis Rams. During a scoring play, Chrebet broke several tackles as he scrambled toward the goal line.

The following season, on October 19, 1996, Chrebet hauled in 12 receptions for 162 yards against Jacksonville. Five of the receptions led to third-down conversions. Overall during his career, 379 of his 580 receptions led to successful third down conversions. This led to Chrebet’s primary nickname, "Mr. Third Down.”

At one point, on September 24, 2000, after former Jets teammate Keyshawn Johnson claimed that comparing Chrebet to him was like "comparing a flashlight to a star," Chrebet caught an 18-yard TD pass from Curtis Martin with 52 seconds left to give the Jets a 21–17 victory against Johnson's team at the time (the Tampa Bay Buccaneers). After this, the New York media dubbed Chrebet "The Green Lantern."

Some consider Chrebet's best overall game as the October 10, 2004 contest with the Buffalo Bills in which he caught all 8 passes sent his way from quarterback Chad Pennington in a 16–14 victory.

In a November 6, 2005 game against the San Diego Chargers, Chrebet sustained a serious concussion on a clean play. Despite being knocked unconscious for several minutes, Chrebet still made a third-down catch for a first down, symbolic of the type of plays he made throughout his career. After the concussion, he was placed on injured reserve, ending his season. After being told that he risked brain damage if he suffered another concussion, Chrebet announced his retirement on June 2, 2006.

Legacy
At the time of his retirement, his 580 receptions were the second-most in franchise history, behind only wide receiver Don Maynard (NY Titans / NY Jets). His 7,365 yards from scrimmage were fifth in franchise history.

During his 11-year career with the Jets, he caught passes from 13 different quarterbacks, played for four different head coaches, and worked for two different owners.

Chrebet was formally honored by the New York Jets on "Wayne Chrebet Day" during halftime of the September 23, 2007 game against the Miami Dolphins.

Chrebet wore #80 for his entire 11-season career as a Jet. The Jets have not reissued the number since he retired, and it is generally understood that no Jet will wear that number again in the foreseeable future. He was formally inducted into the New York Jets Ring of Honor during halftime of the Monday December 1, 2014 game against the Miami Dolphins.

Chrebet's career history was named one of the greatest rags-to-riches stories in the history of professional sports by Sports Illustrated later that year.

Because of his size and success, Chrebet became a popular sensation. While still playing, he was featured on cereal boxes, and his #80 NY Jet jersey was worn by a character in the 2003 Will Ferrell motion picture Elf.

Awards and honors

 * 1995: Newsday's "Jet of the Year," as voted on by the paper's readers.
 * 1996: Awarded the Dennis Byrd Award for Most Inspirational Player as voted by his New York Jet teammates.
 * 1996: Hofstra University Young Alumni Award. The award was bestowed to alumni who, within 10 years of graduation, achieved significant accomplishments in professional life.
 * 1997: New York Jets "Unsung Hero Award"
 * 2000: Thurman Munson Award for his outstanding efforts on an off the field and in serving in the community
 * 2001: New York Jets Alumni Association's "Jets Player of the Year"
 * 2002: Inducted into the Hofstra University Athletic Hall of Fame.
 * 2005: Awarded the Ed Block Courage Award.
 * 2010: NFL Top 10: Undrafted Players #10.
 * 2014: Inducted into the New York Jets Ring of Honor.

After the NFL
Chrebet now resides in Colts Neck Township, New Jersey. Chrebet has operated two restaurants on Long Island near his alma mater, Hofstra University. Initially a steakhouse called Chrebet's, it was later closed and reopened as a sports-themed bar/restaurant called "Social Sports Lounge and Kitchen."

In 2007, Chrebet stated that he still feels post-concussion symptoms as a result of the multiple concussions he suffered while playing in the NFL, including headaches, lethargy, and sensitivity to light and noise. Nonetheless, he stated in 2014 that he has no regrets about playing football, saying: "When you sign up, you expose yourself to these things. I knew the risks. I loved the contact. I miss that. But I had some high I got over getting a big hit or making a hit if I got somebody or they got me more. Would I play any other way than what I'm saying? No." Chrebet added that the NFL's newer concussion rules are "good for the game, but I couldn't play that way," and that despite the lasting effects of his playing days, "It was different back then. It's fun just how different it was."

The NFL Network recognized Wayne Chrebet's career in 2009 by including Chrebet in their Top 10 episode "Best Undrafted Players" at the number ten position.

Chrebet served as the "FCS Championship Game Ambassador" for the 2009 FCS Championship Game between Villanova and Montana.

On May 28, 2009 Chrebet joined Morgan Stanley as a financial advisor working out of the Red Bank, New Jersey office. In Fall 2012, Chrebet joined Barclays Capital as a financial advisor and Assistant Vice President working out of the Park Ave, New York City office.

On April 26, 2013 Chrebet was at Radio City Music Hall and formally announced the New York Jets 2nd round draft selection of quarterback Geno Smith during the 2013 NFL Draft.

Chrebet is routinely invited to attend Jets games as a guest of honor by owner Woody Johnson and also routinely serves as an ambassador on behalf of the New York Jets and National Football League via community service and public relations events. Chrebet was formally inducted into the New York Jets Ring of Honor December 1, 2014. Chrebet is represented by R. Totka of Athlete Promotions.

Chrebet is now involved in owning standardbred (harness) racehorses; a passion he's been involved in since 2003.

On July 1, 2015 Chrebet qualified for daily fantasy sports provider FanDuel's World Fantasy Baseball Championship hosted by Bo Jackson, which took place on August 22, 2015.

title: Wayne Chrebet


text:
Talk:Pokémon (TV series)

This article had to be called Pokémon (anime), no Pokémon (TV series)
You can't redirect Pokémon anime here, you rename this aritcle Pokémon (anime). Bratny (talk) 21:05, 1 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Forgive the lateness, but the titling of “Pokémon The Series” used nowadays is enough to justify using the disambiguating phrase already in place CreecregofLife (talk) 06:53, 18 May 2022 (UTC)

"English network" section in infobox
I have removed the "English network" section from the infobox as it was unsourced and it seems very strange to specifically declare that this programme aired on Cartoon Network or Boomerang or wherever in England when that is not the country of origin of the programme. I find it dubious that a programme would be buried on a different satellite or cable channel in England than it would be in Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland anyway, and it's unclear why this is more relevant than what channel it was broadcast on in Australia or New Zealand or India or Canada or the US or South Africa or Brazil or Russia or anywhere else. HumanBodyPiloter5 (talk) 14:28, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * The series has aired on several networks from various English-speaking countries which are sourced in the body of the article, I think that those at least should be listed in the infobox. The English network parameter doesn't mean that the series has to be original from any of those English-speaking countries to be added to the infobox, if that were the case, the parameter should not exist for the anime/manga infobox template in the first place. As long as the networks are from English-speaking countries and are sourced in the article, they shouldn't be removed. See Template:Infobox animanga. Xexerss (talk) 14:40, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * "English network" seems to pretty clearly imply "television channel that the programme was broadcast on in England" to me; if we're talking about "English-language networks" then you'd presumably have a large number of different channels in numerous different countries which could quickly become unwieldy. Presumably this infobox needs to be amended. HumanBodyPiloter5 (talk) 15:33, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * England is not the only English-speaking country, no idea where did you get that from. Xexerss (talk) 15:39, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I don't know why you seem to interpret what I'm saying as meaning "England is the only English-speaking country"? I'm saying that unqualified "English network" implies "network from or pertaining to England" and not "network using the English language" since the latter category would presumably have notes about which country each of the different networks was from (ie. "NBC (United States), ITV (United Kingdom), ABC (Australia), etc."). HumanBodyPiloter5 (talk) 15:43, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * If that were the case, the parameter wouldn't show the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes from English-speaking countries like the United States, Canada, Australia, etc. In this specific case, they are not shown because only the networks were added, not the countries (which should be added too). - Xexerss (talk) 15:47, 4 June 2022 (UTC)
 * By the way, see the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes valid for Template:English anime licensee. In my opinion, it doesn't matter how many networks we add to the list as long as they are correctly sourced. Xexerss (talk) 16:03, 4 June 2022 (UTC)

Date formatting style
per MOS:VAR, "When either of two styles are acceptable it is inappropriate for a Wikipedia editor to change from one style to another unless there is some substantial reason for the change." As your change did not give any, I will go ahead and restore the previous formatting for now; the MOS further states "If you believe an alternative style would be more appropriate for a particular article, discuss this at the article's talk page." QuestFour (talk) 14:11, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

 * In most good/featured articles I've seen the standard is just mentioning the year (and month at most) in lead (see Dragon Ball, Naruto, YuYu Hakusho or other not anime/manga articles like 2001: A Space Odyssey (film), Stanley Kubrick (except birthdate and death date), The Good, the Bad and the Ugly or Grand Theft Auto V). Now, not completely related, but per MOS:BIRTHDATE: "[t]hese dates (specific day–month–year) are important information about the subject, but if they are also mentioned in the body, the vital year range (in brackets after the person's full name) may be sufficient to provide context." I think that this suggestion of low specificity in lead could be extrapolated to all kind of articles about any piece of media or fiction, since lead is supposed to be an introduction and a summary to the article. Xexerss (talk) 14:58, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

 * The standard for television show articles is to state the full date of the show's premiere and/or conclusion (see Featured articles for reference), therefore the examples you provided do not pertain to this case. QuestFour (talk) 16:38, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Ok? and what's your point? this, this and this for example don't use specific dates in lead. I'm just saying that there's no need to be specific in lead when detailed info can be found in the body of the article, or is there really a necessity? Not saying that this is a hard rule, but since lead is basically a summary, we can reasonably leave things unspecified there. Xexerss (talk) 16:46, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

 * So basically what you're saying is that your argument is invalid? Read the guideline, none of your reasoning warrants the change, it's entirely arbitrary. QuestFour (talk) 17:22, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

 * You changed the date in lead, I said that is not necessary to be specific, then you reverted my change stating that your change was acceptable without giving a substantial reason for it, despite accusing that I was the one who didn't give a valid reason, but I'm the one being arbitrary. I gave a guideline (from other case though) which I said than can be perfectly extrapolated to this case, but you said that it doesn't apply to TV series because some alleged standard, despite the fact that several good/featured TV articles don't use specific dates in lead, so is not really a standard. By the way, what guideline is the one that I should read? please, tell me where does it say that TV series articles must have specific dates in lead. Anyway, maybe we need takes from other editors to reach a consensus here. Xexerss (talk) 17:39, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Either format is fine with me; I changed it to the other version, also removed the "in Japan" part as it's redundant, so there, hope this resolves things. QuestFour (talk) 13:43, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks. At least we came to an understanding. I looked for other discussions about specificity of dates in lead, but there is no consensus at all. I just think that, for this case at least, it does make sense to leave information in general way in lead (also the infobox is right beside with the exact date). Xexerss (talk) 14:28, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Research Process and Methodology - FA22 - Sect 201 - Thu
— Assignment last updated by SheilaSh11 (talk) 12:04, 12 November 2022 (UTC)

Episode Summaries
Should they come from the official English website? ValenciaThunderbolt (talk) 22:15, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

 * What do you think? ValenciaThunderbolt (talk) 18:42, 5 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Episode summaries are written by the editors, copying them from official website would violate Wikipedia's copyright policy. Ajeeb Prani 🦜 ✍🏻 04:33, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Okay. ValenciaThunderbolt (talk) 14:31, 8 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pokémon (TV series)


text:
Alagar Kovil

Alagar Kovil is a village in Madurai district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The history and living of the village is centered around Kallalagar Temple. Constructed in the Dravidian style of architecture, the temple is glorified in the Nalayira Divya Prabandham, the early medieval Tamil canon of the Alvar saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 Divya Desams dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshiped as Kallalagar and his consort Lakshmi as Tirumamagal.

Kallalagar Temple
Kallalagar Temple covers an area of about 2 acre and has a five-tiered gopuram (gateway tower). The temple is enclosed in a rectangular enclosure with huge granite walls. The central shrine houses the image of the presiding deity, Sundarabahu Perumal in standing posture. The images of Sridevi and Bhudevi are also housed in the sanctum. There are two life size images of Narasimha, the avatar of Vishnu. One of them is shown holding the demon Hiranya and other slaying him.

The temple houses some rare Vijayanagara sculptures similar to the ones present in Soundararajaperumal Temple, Thadikombu, Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy temple, Srivilliputhur Divya Desam and Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore. The temple also has one of the unique deities Chakaratalvar (Alvar) where the god with chakram having 16 hands and 16 weapons is without Narasimha above him.

Chithirai Festival
Chithirai festival of this temple celebrated for ten days is one of the declared festivals of Tamil Nadu government. This festival day is declared as a local holiday. In Chithirai (April-May), Kallalagar starts from Alagar Kovil in the form of Kallar and reaches Madurai on Pournami (Full Moon day). Here he steps into river Vaigai in his Horse Vaganam. Lakhs of devotees flock to river Vaigai to see this event. "Ethir Sevai" festival is celebrated on the day before Alagar steps into river Vaigai. Ethir Sevai is a part of the Chithirai Tiruvila of the Kallalagar temple at Alagar Kovil and begins on the fourth day. On this day, Alagar or Vishnu changes his appearance as Kallar and travels via Kallar Nadu and enters Madurai and the city’s residents welcome him. It is a tradition for the people of Madurai to welcome Alagar.

As Alagar returns from Vandiyur Dhasavatharam, festival is celebrated throughout the night at Ramarayar Mandapam in the Northern part of river Vaigai. After this event, Alagar is taken to Mysore Veera Mandapam on decorated Anantharayar Palanquin. The next morning Alagar in the form of Kallar returns to Alagar kovil in ‘Poo Pallakku' (Palanquin decorated with flowers)

In the month of April and May, each year the great Chitra festival is celebrated on Pournami (full moon day). The festival dramatically re-enacts the visitation of Kallalagar to Madurai from Alagar Koyil. Lakhs of devotees flock to river Vaigai to personally witness the event of Alagar stepping down into the river and to get his blessings.

During the months of July and August the festival of Adi Brahmotsavam is being celebrated for 10 days. This festival occurs within the precincts of the shrine. Devotees from different parts of Tamilnadu throng to participate in this festival. The temple car ‘Amaiththa Narayanan’ is taken in procession during Pournami (Full-Moon day) of Adi (Brahmotsavam).

title: Alagar Kovil


text:
Kevin Mawae

Kevin James Mawae (born January 23, 1971) is an American football coach and former professional player. He played as a center in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons, most notably with the New York Jets. Mawae played college football for the LSU Tigers, earning first-team All-SEC honors. He was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round of the 1994 NFL draft. After joining the Jets in 1998, he received six consecutive Pro Bowl selections and five-first All-Pro honors during his eight seasons with the team. Mawae spent his final four seasons as a member of the Tennessee Titans, extending his Pro Bowl selections to eight and his first-team All-Pro honors to seven. Near the end of his career, he also served two terms as NFLPA president from 2008 to 2012.

Following his retirement, Mawae pursued a coaching career and was hired by the Colts in 2021 as their assistant offensive line coach. He was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2019.

Early life
A military brat, Mawae grew up wherever his father, Sgt. 1st Class David Mawae, was stationed. Born in Savannah, Georgia, while his father served at Hunter Army Airfield, he spent three years of his childhood (ages 5–7) in Fort Riley, Kansas, and then five years (ages 8–12) in Hanau, (Germany) when his father was stationed at Fliegerhorst Army Airfield. It was in Hanau where Mawae began playing football. His father was then stationed at Fort Polk, near Leesville, Louisiana. Mawae attended Leesville High School, where he was an all-state football selection and earned all-academic honors.

College career
Mawae attended Louisiana State University, where he played for the LSU Tigers football team from 1989 to 1993. He was redshirted in 1989. He started seven games at left tackle and was a freshman All-SEC selection in 1990, and also was the Tigers' long snapper.

After his sophomore season, he was a first-team All-SEC selection, having played three different positions: left tackle (8 games), center (3 games), and left guard (1 game). As a junior, he played left tackle and was chosen second-team All-SEC and was a third-team All-American. For his senior season he moved from left tackle to center for all 11 games. He played in the Blue-Gray Game and Senior Bowl after his senior season. Mawae was inducted into the LSU Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007.

Seattle Seahawks
Mawae was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round (36th overall) of the 1994 NFL draft. He was Louisiana State's highest selected offensive lineman since Bo Strange in 1961. Mawae saw his first pro action at right guard against the Los Angeles Raiders on September 11, and never left the lineup after taking over early in the game versus the Indianapolis Colts. He finished the season playing in 14 games, starting the final 11 at right guard.

After the season Mawae earned first-team All-Rookie honors from Pro Football Weekly/Pro Football Writers Association, College and Pro Football Newsweekly and Football News.

In 1995, he started all 16 games at right guard, seeing time at center in two games. In his first two seasons he helped pave the way for Seahawks running back Chris Warren to have back-to-back Pro Bowl seasons of over 1,300 yards rushing.

He was moved to the center position at the start of his 1996 season and remained at that spot for the rest of his NFL career.

New York Jets
In 1998, Mawae was signed by the New York Jets. In his first season in New York, the Jets' offense averaged 357.2 yards per game (second-best in AFC and fourth-best in NFL), while controlling the ball for an average of 32:17 minutes per game (second-best in AFC and third-best in NFL), also helped running back Curtis Martin to rush for franchise-record eight 100-yard rushing games en route to 1,287-yard season. He started all 16 games. In 1999, he was named to his first Pro Bowl on December 22, he did not miss a play for the second straight season and paved the way for Martin's then franchise-record of 1,464 yards rushing, and snapped to three different quarterbacks; Vinny Testaverde, Rick Mirer and Ray Lucas.

During the 2000 NFL season, he was a member of an offensive line that managed to tie the Indianapolis Colts for the fewest sacks allowed during the regular season with 20. Also, he helped the Jets offense average 337.2 yards per game which was the 12th best in the NFL and the passing offense averaged 245.3 yards per game (sixth in NFL). Mawae earned his second consecutive starting spot as an AFC team Pro Bowl center when he was selected to the Pro Bowl on six consecutive occasions (1999–2004). In 2002, he underwent offseason shoulder surgery to repair damage to his left rotator cuff; he missed two preseason games but kept his consecutive games started streak by making 124th consecutive starts. In the season opener against the Buffalo Bills. his unbroken streak of 177 games came to an end in October 2005 with a serious triceps injury to his left arm, and he missed the rest of the season. On March 5, 2006, he was cut by the Jets.

Tennessee Titans
After being cut by the Jets, Mawae was signed by the Tennessee Titans nine days later on March 14, 2006. In his first season with Tennessee, he helped the offense rank third in the AFC and fifth in the NFL in rushing with 2,214 yards. The Titans set a franchise record by averaging 4.7 yards per carry, and the offensive line, led by Mawae, finished tied for 10th in the league with only 29 sacks allowed, Titans running back Travis Henry finished 2006 with 1,211 rushing yards and rookie quarterback Vince Young was named AP Offensive Rookie of the Year.

In 2007, Mawae was voted team captain and started 14 games, helping LenDale White register his first career 1,000-yard season as he finished with 1,110.

In 2009, Mawae was ranked fifth in a Sports Illustrated poll of "dirty players". The magazine surveyed 296 NFL players to come up with the ranking. Mawae was quoted on the Titans' site as saying he was "proud" of the recognition because he plays the game hard. "I’ve been known to leg whip a time or two. I've paid the price for those, both physically and in the pocket.

On September 10, 2010, Mawae announced that he was retiring from the NFL after 16 years in the league. Mawae would be elected to his 7th and 8th Pro Bowl for the 2008 and 2009 seasons. His last game was the 2009 Pro Bowl in February 2010.

On February 2, 2019, Mawae was announced to be a part of the 2019 Pro Football Hall of Fame class.

NFL Players Association
Mawae joined the NFLPA's executive committee in 2002, where he was elected president in March 2008 and was re-elected in 2010. In September 2010, Mawae announced his retirement from the NFL, however he continued to serve as president until the end of his term in March 2012. Mawae's term coincided with the death of longtime NFLPA executive director Gene Upshaw and the 2011 NFL lockout, which Mawae has stated he believes hastened the end of his playing career.

During the NFL kickoff game broadcast in 2010, players from the New Orleans Saints and Minnesota Vikings "raised an index finger" as they took the field, a gesture Mawae has called "one of the proudest moments I ever had".

It was under his presidency that active players were present for negotiations of the collective bargaining agreement. He has also served as an assistant coach in the annual NFLPA Collegiate Bowl.

Coaching career
In 2016, Mawae joined the Chicago Bears coaching staff as an assistant offensive line coach. He was not retained by the Bears for the 2017 season.

In March 2018 Mawae joined the Arizona State University football staff as a quality control analyst where he was reunited with his former New York Jets head coach, Herm Edwards.

In February 2021, Mawae joined the Indianapolis Colts football staff as an assistant offensive line coach.

On January 23, 2023, Mawae became the head coach of the Lipscomb Academy football team in Nashville, Tennessee, replacing Trent Dilfer. On November 3, 2023, he and Lipscomb Academy "mutually agreed to part ways" after the school received a two-year post-season ban for violating a recruiting rule.

Personal life
Mawae is of Hawaiian descent. Mawae is married to Tracy Dale Hicks, he proposed to her in the summer of 1992 at LSU Fan Day in front of 140 teammates, 10 coaches and 3,000 fans over the public address system, the couple has a son, Kirkland (born 1997), and a daughter, Abigail (born 2000). The Mawaes were residing in Franklin, Tennessee, until selling the property in 2012. Kevin and his family have since settled back in their home in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Before his NFL career, Mawae lost his brother, John, in a car accident. John, a former nose guard at LSU, left a profound effect on Kevin by establishing a strong faith prior to his death. Mawae's tragic loss inspired him to develop a strong Christian faith.

Off the field
During the 2008 offseason, Mawae and his family spent two weeks in Africa with Children's Cup International Relief, a missions organization that the Mawae family has helped support financially. They traveled primarily in Swaziland, Mozambique, Zambia and Tanzania. He was Eddie Towne's favorite player in ESPN's hit show TILT. He created the First and Goal Challenge, a unique program to benefit Winthrop-University Hospital's outstanding Child Life Program and Pediatric Services.

title: Kevin Mawae


text:
Talk:Valve hall

Untitled
Do we need a new category - "pages that have been translated and that need a native speaker to review" ?

I've cleaned up the syntax and added some facts. I have personally stood in a valve hall while the valve was running ( 250 kV, 2000 A), so it's not strictly true that no-one can enter while the valve is running. I may have a picture of a valve hall from the outside - for an inside view see Nelson River Bipole. Shielding is vital - outdoor oil-filled valves are shielded by the tanks.

Is this sort of article encyclopediac? As fascinated as I am with all things HVDC, for example, will anyone use this? --Wtshymanski 22:58, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Valve hall


text:
Jonathan Vilma

Jonathan Polynice Vilma (born April 16, 1982) is an American color analyst and former professional football player in the National Football League (NFL). He played as a linebacker and was a three-time Pro Bowl selection.

Vilma played college football for the Miami Hurricanes, winning a national championship in 2001. He was selected by the New York Jets in the first round of the 2004 NFL draft. Vilma won a Super Bowl championship with the New Orleans Saints. He serves as a color analyst for the NFL on Fox. He previously worked at ESPN as a college football commentator and studio analyst. Vilma was elected as a member of the Orange Bowl Committee in 2018.

Early life
Vilma was born in East Harlem Neighborhood of New York City to Haitian immigrant parents. His family moved to Coral Gables, Florida when Vilma was 6 years old, where he attended G.W. Carver Middle School and later Coral Gables Senior High School, where he was a teammate of Pro Bowl running back Frank Gore.

College career
Vilma received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Miami, and played for coach Butch Davis and coach Larry Coker's Miami Hurricanes football teams from 2000 to 2003.

2000 season
In 2000, Vilma played in all 11 games as a reserve middle linebacker and compiled 38 tackles (29 solo) and a pass deflection.

2001 season
After the graduation of Dan Morgan, Vilma stepped into the starting middle linebacker role and played an integral role on the Hurricanes' National Championship team. He led the team in tackles with 79 (54 solo) and compiled two forced fumbles, one fumble recovery for a 36-yard touchdown, three pass deflections and an interception. He started 11 of 12 games during the regular season and was selected on the First-team All-Big East team.

2002 season
Vilma led Miami in tackles with 133 (75 solo), and had two quarterback sacks, a forced fumble, recovered two fumbles, (returning one for a touchdown) and broke up five passes. He earned unanimous first-team All-Big East selection for the second time in his career and was a semi-finalist for the Dick Butkus Award, along with teammate D. J. Williams.

2003 season
In his final year, Vilma led the team in tackles for a third time with 127 (81 solo), with one sack, forced one fumble, and recovered three fumbles. Vilma ended the year as a finalist for the Butkus Award.

Along with his success on the field, Vilma was a three-time Academic All-Big East Conference. He received a bachelor's degree in finance from the University of Miami's School of Business Administration.

Vilma was interviewed about his time at the University of Miami for the documentary The U, which premiered December 12, 2009 on ESPN.

New York Jets
Vilma was drafted by the Jets in the first round with the 12th selection in the 2004 NFL draft.

2004
In 2004, Vilma was named as the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year by the Associated Press. During his rookie campaign, he recorded 107 tackles, two sacks, and three interceptions, one of which was returned for his first NFL touchdown.

2005
In 2005, Vilma led the NFL in tackles with 169, forced four fumbles, notched one fumble recovery, half a sack, and one interception. Vilma also replaced Zach Thomas at the 2006 Pro Bowl.

2006
In 2006, Vilma put together another solid season. He compiled 114 tackles, one forced fumble, one fumble recovery, and one interception.

2007
On October 27, 2007, Vilma was placed on injured reserve. He suffered a season ending knee injury during the New York Jets week 7 game against the Cincinnati Bengals.

2008
On February 29, 2008, the Jets traded Vilma to the New Orleans Saints for a fourth-round draft pick in the 2008 NFL draft and a conditional pick in the 2009 NFL draft (ultimately a third-round pick). Jets then-head coach Eric Mangini elected to start linebackers Eric Barton and David Harris in his place.

In his first season with the Saints, Vilma was a bright spot on a weak defensive unit. Vilma played in all 16 games, and recorded 132 tackles with one sack.

2009: Super Bowl year
On February 27, 2009, Vilma signed a five-year, $34 million contract with the Saints. Vilma was elected one of the defensive captains, led the team in tackles, had three interceptions, and was chosen for his second Pro Bowl. In Super Bowl XLIV on February 7, 2010, Vilma made several important plays, including making a key defensive audible and deflecting a pass on 3rd and 11 in the fourth quarter. The Saints beat the Indianapolis Colts 31–17.

2010–2011
Vilma again led the team in tackles in 2010, started every game, and was selected to the Pro Bowl. In 2011, he started and played in 11 games but was inactive for six others with a knee injury.

2012: Bounty scandal
Vilma was a central figure in the New Orleans Saints bounty scandal. The NFL alleged that defensive coordinator Gregg Williams operated an incentive program, which paid out "bounties" for deliberately putting opposing players out of games. The league alleged that Vilma offered $10,000 cash to anyone who knocked Brett Favre out of the 2009 NFC Championship Game. Most notably, Favre was forced out of the game for one play with an ankle injury. Although up to 27 players were accused of involvement, Vilma was the only player initially singled out by the league for his role. The NFL suspended Vilma for the entire 2012 season on May 2, 2012. The suspension was reported to be the longest suspension related to in-game misconduct in modern NFL history, dwarfing the previous record of five games handed to Albert Haynesworth for stomping on Andre Gurode's head in 2006. The league contended that Vilma and defensive end Will Smith aided Williams in starting the alleged program in 2009. Vilma found out about the suspension when it was announced on SportsCenter, immediately announced his intent to appeal and adamantly denied that he was involved in any sort of bounty scheme. Vilma filed a personal slander suit against Roger Goodell.

Opinions about the suspensions were divided, as alleged targets like Favre and Kurt Warner claimed that incentive programs were part of the game, which was corroborated by former players interviewed by Sports Illustrated. On July 26, Vilma and seven witnesses from the Saints (along with a sworn affidavit from Drew Brees) testified to a federal judge in New Orleans that NFL commissioner Roger Goodell misrepresented the facts in the league's investigation. Vilma's suspension was overturned on September 7, and he was reinstated for the 2012 season. The Associated Press reported Roger Goodell's disappointment in the determination of the arbitration board's ruling.

On October 9, 2012, the league again suspended Vilma, Browns linebacker Scott Fujita, Saints defensive end Will Smith and free-agent defensive end Anthony Hargrove. Vilma's suspension lasted throughout the entire 2012 season, but he was allowed to retain his paychecks (when he was on the Physically Unable to Perform list) for the first six weeks of the season. The suspensions were then reviewed by former NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue, who overruled Roger Goodell and vacated the suspensions on December 11, 2012. Vilma continued his defamation lawsuit against commissioner Goodell, but it was ultimately dismissed in January 2013.

In total, Vilma played in 11 games during the 2012 season.

2013
Vilma underwent knee surgery during the preseason and was placed on the Reserve/Injured Designated for Return list, with the hope that he would recover in time to play during the season. He was reactivated for the Saints' eighth game, a 26–20 loss to his former team, the New York Jets, and was in the game for only 12 defensive snaps. The following week, he was again placed on injured reserve, ending his 2013 season.

2014
On February 12, 2014, Vilma's contract was not renewed with the New Orleans Saints. He became a guest analyst on Bleacher Report.

Vilma officially retired from football, and was honored by the Saints before their home game on December 6, 2015.

2017
Vilma was inducted into the New Orleans Saints Hall of Fame on October 29, 2017.

Personal life
Vilma is a spokesman for Under Armour and WaterBank of America USA Inc.

His parents, Fritz Vilma and Nelly Banatte, migrated to the United States from Haiti in the 1970s. After the 2010 earthquake, he was active in relief efforts.

Vilma started the Jonathan Vilma Foundation after the 2010 Haiti earthquake to help with the rebuilding efforts in Haiti, in particular a charter school to educate students from elementary school to high school.

title: Jonathan Vilma


text:
Dia (mythology)

Dia (Ancient Greek: Δία or Δῖα, "heavenly", "divine" or "she who belongs to Zeus"), in ancient Greek religion and folklore, may refer to:

 * Dia, a goddess venerated at Phlius and Sicyon. She was seen by the locals as identical to Hebe and/or Ganymeda.
 * Dia, daughter of Aeolus, keeper of the winds and Telepora or Telepatra, daughter of Laestrygon. She was the sister of Androcles, Chrysippus, Iocastus, Phalacrus, Pheraemon, Xuthus, and the daughters' as Aeole, Astycrateia, Hephaestia, Iphthe and Periboea.
 * Dia, daughter of King Porthaon of Calydon and mother of Thersites and possibly the remaining five sons by Agrius.
 * Dia, daughter of the king Lycaon (thus sister of Callisto), mother of Dryops by Apollo. She concealed her new-born infant in a hollow oak tree.
 * Dia, second wife of the Thracian king Phineus and by him, mother of Mariandynus and Thynus. She falsely accused of rape her step sons, Parthenius and Crambis, leading to their blindness and eventual imprisonment by Phineus.
 * Dia, the Perrhaebian daughter of Deioneus or Eioneus, wife of Ixion (who killed her father so as to not pay the bride price) and with her husband, she became mother of the Lapith Pirithous, whose marriage to Hippodameia was the occasion of the Lapiths' battle with the Centaurs. According to Homer, after having sex with Zeus, who was disguised as a stallion, she gave birth to Pirithous; a folk etymology derived Pirithous' name from peritheein (περιθεῖν "to run around"), because that was what Zeus did to seduce Dia. The Jovian moon Dia is named after this Dia.
 * Dia, alternate name for Hippodamia, the wife of Pirithous (thus daughter-in-law of another Dia).
 * Dia, mother of Pittheus by Pelops. She may have been identical with another Hippodamia, daughter of Oenomaus.

In ancient Roman religion, Dia may refer to Dea Dia.

title: Dia (mythology)


text: Category:Yakutat City and Borough, Alaska


text:
Łęczyca Voivodeship

Łęczyca Voivodeship (Województwo łęczyckie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from the 14th century until the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795. It was part of Greater Poland Province, and its capital was in Łęczyca. The voivodeship had the area of 4,080 square kilometers, divided into three counties. Local sejmiks took place at Łęczyca. The city of Łódź, which until the 19th century was a small town, for centuries belonged to Łęczyca Voivodeship.

History
The voivodeship was created by King Wladyslaw Lokietek, out of the territory of Duchy of Łęczyca, which had been established after the 1138 Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty. It had five senators in the Senate of the Kingdom of Poland (since 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth). These were: Voivode of Łęczyca, Castellan of Łęczyca, Castellan of Brzeziny, Castellan of Inowlodz, and Castellan of Konary. At the sejmiks, local nobility elected four deputies to the Sejm of Poland, and two deputies to the Greater Poland Tribunal at Piotrków Trybunalski.

Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland gives a detailed description of Łęczyca Voivodeship:

"Following the testament of Boleslaw Krzywousty, the Land of Łęczyca was a separate duchy, ruled by princes of the Piast dynasty (...) King Wladyslaw Lokietek reunited the duchy with Poland, making it a separate voivodeship. Local residents were used to their own legal system, so King Władysław II Jagiełło decided to keep a separate official there. In 1418, the szlachta of Łęczyca established its own rules, the 27 Articles of Constitutiones Terrae Lanciciensis generales (...)

The voivodeship had the area of 80 square miles, stretching from Klodawa in the north, to the Pilica river in the south, where it bordered Sandomierz Voivodeship. In the 16th century, it had 74 Roman-Catholic parishes, 25 towns and 875 villages. It was the second most densely populated voivodeship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, behind Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship (...)

Łęczyca Voivodeship had five senators: the Voivode of Łęczyca, the Castellan of Łęczyca, and the Castellans of Brzeziny, Inowlodz, and Konary (...) Of the three counties, the largest one was Łęczyca County, which covered more than half of the area of the voivodeship. Local sejmiks took place at Łęczyca, where four deputies were elected to the Sejm, and additional two to the Greater Poland Tribunal at Piotrków Trybunalski. Main starostas resided at Łęczyca, Inowlodz, Zgierz and Klodawa".

Administration
Governor seat: Łęczyca

Voivodes:
 * Spycigniew of Dąbrowa Zielona
 * Jan "Scibor" Taczanowski (c. 1437)
 * Stanisław Radziejowski (1627–1637)
 * Maksymilian Przerębski (1637-I 1639)
 * Stefan Gembicki (I 1639–1653)

Regional council seat (Sejmik): Łęczyca

Political division
 * County of Łęczyca, area 2,447 km2.,
 * County of Brzeziny, area 1,300 km2.,
 * County of Orłów, area 629 km2.

==Cities and towns ==

Brzeziny County

 * Będków
 * Bratoszewice
 * Brzeziny
 * Inowłódz
 * Łódź
 * Stare Skoszewy
 * Stryków
 * Ujazd

Łęczyca County

 * Budzynek
 * Dąbie
 * Dąbrowice
 * Grabów
 * Grzegorzew
 * Kazimierz
 * Kłodawa
 * Krośniewice
 * Łęczyca
 * Łąkoszyn
 * Parzęczew
 * Piątek
 * Poddębice
 * Zgierz

Orłów County

 * Bielawy
 * Oporów
 * Orłów
 * Sobota
 * Żychlin

Neighbouring voivodeships

 * Sieradz Voivodeship
 * Kalisz Voivodeship
 * Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship
 * Rawa Voivodeship
 * Sandomierz Voivodeship

title: Łęczyca Voivodeship


text: User talk:64.109.254.8

title: User talk:64.109.254.8


text:
Complutensian Polyglot Bible

The Complutensian Polyglot Bible is the name given to the first printed polyglot of the entire Bible. The edition was initiated and financed by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros (1436–1517) and published by Complutense University in Alcalá de Henares, Spain. It includes the first printed editions of the Greek New Testament, the complete Septuagint, and the Targum Onkelos, a translation of the Torah. Of the 600 six-volume sets which were printed, only 123 are known to have survived to date.

Precedents
The polyglot Bible was the result of Spain's long-lasting tradition of translations of texts. Through centuries the intellectual class of the Iberian peninsula had developed a deep understanding of the issues of translation and the difficulty of conveying, or even interpreting meaning correctly across languages. Religious texts were known to be particularly difficult due to their high metaphorical content and how dependent on the context in which they were written they tended to be. This sparked a debate in Spain about the convenience of continuing the translation of religious texts, and the best way to do it, over a century prior to the Reformation.

The customary answer to this debate was to ask religious authorities to examine the translation and cross-check and compare different translations with contemporary Castilian, but that in turn created a debate about the qualifications of the religious authority itself to properly translate from the original sources. One of the answers to this debate was the polyglot Bible, which Cisneros hoped would end the issue forever.

Translation process
Diego López de Zúñiga was the chief editor, and was fluent in Latin as well as both Aramaic and Arabic. He was given a team of various translators. Converted translators and academics were favoured and specifically sought since they were fluent in the source languages and the cultures of the texts. Second in command, Alfonso de Zamora (14761544) was a converted Jewish scholar, an expert in Talmudic studies, and spoke Hebrew as his first language. Other conversos working on the project were Alfonso de Alcalá and Pablo de Coronel. Demetrius Ducas (a scholar from Crete), Hernán Núñez de Toledo ("The Pincian") and Juan de Vergara were in charge of the translation from Greek manuscripts. Antonio de Nebrija was specifically called for the translation of the Latin Vulgate. Hernán Núñez de Toledo was also the chief Latinist. The scholars met in Alcalá de Henares, a city near Madrid also known by its Latin name Complutum, at Complutense University.

The New Testament was completed and printed in 1514, but its publication was delayed while work on the Old Testament continued, so they could be published together as a complete work.

Delays
The Complutensian Old Testament was completed in 1517. Cardinal Cisneros died in July 1517, five months after the Polyglot's completion, and never saw its publication. Further delays happened when, following the death of Cardinal Cisneros, the text was confiscated by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.

Erasmus's exclusive privilege (and the papal privilege given to the First Biblia Rabbinica in c. 1517) may have also been a delaying factor: Pope Leo X finally sanctioned it in 1520. At which time the civil war in Castile, the Revolt of the Comuneros broke out, causing delays.

Influence
The direct influence of the Complutensian Polyglot was attenuated because, according to a much later letter of King Philip II of Spain, a significant number of copies were lost in a shipwreck in transit to Italy around 1521.

The Aldine Press based the Old Testament text in the 1518 Aldine Bible on the Complutensian's Greek Septuagint, paired with a New Testament based to some extent on Erasmus's version.

Erasmus acknowledged using the Complutensian in the 1527 edition of his Novum Testamentum.

Contents
The Complutensian Polyglot Bible was published as a six-volume set. The first four volumes contain the Old Testament. Each page consists of three parallel columns of text: Hebrew on the outside, the Latin Vulgate in the middle (edited by Antonio de Nebrija), and the Greek Septuagint on the inside. On each page of the Pentateuch, the Aramaic text (the Targum Onkelos) and its own Latin translation are added at the bottom. The fifth volume, the New Testament, consists of parallel columns of Greek and the Latin Vulgate. The sixth volume contains various Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek dictionaries and study aids.

Jerome's Latin version of the Old Testament was placed between the Greek and Hebrew versions, symbolizing the Roman Church of Christ being surrounded and crucified by the Greek Church and the Jews. This text was collated by Antonio de Nebrija from manuscript sources, but was left uncorrected. Nebrija eventually resigned from the project after Cisneros refused to allow him to improve the translation, in deference to the desires of the Papacy.

title: Complutensian Polyglot Bible


text:
Geophone

A geophone is a device that converts ground movement (velocity) into voltage, which may be recorded at a recording station. The deviation of this measured voltage from the base line is called the seismic response and is analyzed for structure of the Earth.

Etymology
The term geophone derives from the Greek word "γῆ (ge) " meaning "earth" and "phone" meaning "sound".

Construction
Geophones have historically been passive analog devices and typically comprise a spring-mounted wire coil moving within the field of a case-mounted permanent magnet to generate an electrical signal. Recent designs have been based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology which generates an electrical response to ground motion through an active feedback circuit to maintain the position of a small piece of silicon.

The response of a coil/magnet geophone is proportional to ground velocity, while MEMS devices usually respond proportional to acceleration. MEMS have a much higher noise level (50 dB velocity higher) than geophones and can only be used in strong motion or active seismic applications.

Frequency response
The frequency response of a geophone is that of a harmonic oscillator, fully determined by corner frequency (typically around 10 Hz) and damping (typically 0.707). Since the corner frequency is proportional to the inverse square root of the moving mass, geophones with low corner frequencies (< 1 Hz) become impractical. It is possible to lower the corner frequency electronically, at the price of higher noise and cost.

Although waves passing through the Earth have a three-dimensional nature, geophones are normally constrained to respond to single dimension - usually the vertical. However, some applications require the full wave to be used and three-component or 3-C geophones are used. In analog devices, three moving coil elements are mounted in an orthogonal arrangement within a single case.

Distinction from seismometers
Geophones are similar to seismometers in their design and are also used to register seismic waves. In the past, there were clear differences between geophones and seismometers. Compared to conventional geophones, seismometers are more suitable for detecting extremely small ground movements as they cover a wider frequency band, including the frequency range below their natural frequency, usually from 0.01 to 50 Hz. In conventional geophones, the frequency band is in the range of 1-15 Hz. They are cheaper than seismometers and are therefore more commonly used in arrays for large area detection with better specialised resolution. However, with the development of new technologies, the frequency coverage in compact devices has also increased significantly, so that geophones can now cover frequency bands from 0 to 500 Hz and the boundaries between geophones and seismometers are becoming blurred.

Uses
The majority of geophones are used in reflection seismology to record the energy waves reflected by the subsurface geology. In this case the primary interest is in the vertical motion of the Earth's surface. However, not all the waves are upwards traveling. A strong, horizontally transmitted wave known as ground-roll also generates vertical motion that can obliterate the weaker vertical signals. By using large areal arrays tuned to the wavelength of the ground-roll the dominant noise signals can be attenuated and the weaker data signals reinforced.

Analog geophones are very sensitive devices which can respond to very distant tremors. These small signals can be drowned by larger signals from local sources. It is possible though to recover the small signals caused by large but distant events by correlating signals from several geophones deployed in an array. Signals which are registered only at one or few geophones can be attributed to unwanted, local events and thus discarded. It can be assumed that small signals that register uniformly at all geophones in an array can be attributed to a distant and therefore significant event.

The sensitivity of passive geophones is typically 30 volts per (meter per second), so they are in general not a replacement for broadband seismometers.

Conversely, some applications of geophones are interested only in very local events. A notable example is in the application of remote ground sensors (RGS) incorporated in unattended ground sensor (UGS) systems. In such an application there is an area of interest which when penetrated a system operator is to be informed, perhaps by an alert which could be accompanied by supporting photographic data.

Geophones were used on the Moon for a number of active and passive experiments as part of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package.

title: Geophone


text:
User talk:Arnold S. Truman

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 23:05, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Arnold S. Truman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Charlie Groth

Charlie Groth (now moved to User:Csublime)
A vanity stub. Jeltz 23:08, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC)
 * Speedy at that Wyss 23:13, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No; legitimate user page, I moved it to user:Csublime, don't bite the newbies. He just created the article in the wrong namespace that's all. Dunc|☺ 23:42, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I also deleted the resultant redirect. Dunc|☺ 23:43, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I just got irritated at all sucky articles I found when correcting wiki syntax. That's how I managed to find so many articles that I think needs to be cleaned up or deleted. Jeltz 00:35, 2004 Dec 15 (UTC)


text: User talk:158.135.14.129

title: User talk:158.135.14.129


text:
Boyer

Boyer is a French surname. In rarer cases, it can be a corruption or deliberate alteration of other names.

Origins and statistics
Boyer is found traditionally along the Mediterranean (Provence, Languedoc), the Rhône valley, Auvergne, Limousin, Périgord and more generally in the Southwest of France. It is also found in the north of the country. There are two variant spellings: Boyé (southwest) and Bouyer (Loire-Atlantique, Charente-Maritime).

, Boyer ranks 55th in the most common surnames in France. For the period 1891–1990 it ranked 34th.

Like many other surnames, it used to be a nickname describing somebody's job: "bullock driver", "cowherd", that is to say Bouvier in common French. It derives mainly from the Occitan buòu "ox", with the suffix -iar / -ier, frenchified phonetically or, further north, sometimes from a variant form in dialectal French bô, bou "ox" corresponding to common French bœuf with the suffix -ier. In French, the modern spelling -oyer avoids confusion between -oi-er  and -oier.

In rarer cases, it can be a corruption or deliberate alteration of several other names :
 * 1) In England, it may come from bowyer, meaning "bow maker" or "bow seller."
 * 2) In Turkish, the name may come from "boy-er", "boy" meaning "size" or "stature" and "er" meaning "man" or "soldier."
 * 3) It can also be a corruption or deliberate alteration of German names like Bayer or Bauer.

People with the surname

 * Abel Boyer (1667–1729), French-English lexicographer and journalist
 * Alexis de Boyer (1757–1833), French surgeon
 * Andre Boyer (disambiguation), several people
 * Angélique Boyer (born 1988), French-Mexican actress
 * Anita Boyer (1915–1985), American Big Band singer and songwriter
 * Anise Boyer (1914–2008), American dancer and actress
 * Anne Boyer (born 1973), American poet and essayist
 * Antide Boyer (1850-1918), French manual worker, Provençal dialect writer and journalist
 * Auguste Boyer (1896-1956), French professional golfer prominent on the European circuit
 * Benjamin Markley Boyer (1823-1887), Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives
 * Bert Boyer (born nd.), director of the Centre of Alaska Native Health Research
 * Bill Boyer (c. 1906-1973), entrepreneur and former vice president of the Minnesota Vikings
 * Bill Boyer Jr. (born nd.), American entrepreneur, owner of Mokulele Airlines
 * Blaine Boyer (born 1981), American baseball player
 * Blair Boyer (born 1981), Australian politician
 * Boni Boyer (1958–1996), American vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and composer
 * Carl Benjamin Boyer (1906–1976), American historian of mathematics
 * Charles Boyer (1899–1978), French-American actor
 * Charles-Georges Boyer (1743–1806 or 1807), French music publisher
 * Charles P. Boyer (born 1942), American mathematician
 * Christine Boyer (1771-1800), first wife of Lucien Bonaparte
 * Claude Boyer (1618-1698), French clergyman, playwright, apologist and poet
 * Claudette Boyer (1938–2013), Canadian politician
 * Clete Boyer (1937–2007), American baseball player
 * David Boyer (born nd.), American politician
 * Denise Boyer-Merdich (born 1962), American soccer player and a part of United States women's national team
 * Derek Boyer (born 1969), Fijian-Australian world champion powerlifter
 * Doug Boyer (born 1947), Iowa business entrepreneur and philanthropist
 * Edie Boyer (born 1966), American discus thrower
 * Elizabeth H. Boyer (born 1952), American fantasy author
 * Elizabeth M. Boyer (1913–2002), American lawyer, feminist founder of Women's Equity Action League (WEAL), and writer
 * Éric Boyer (born 1963), French professional road bicycle racer
 * Ernest L. Boyer (1928-1995), American educator
 * François Boyer (1920-2003), French screenwriter
 * G. Bruce Boyer (born 1941), Journalist
 * George Boyer (born 1954), Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University
 * Gilles Boyer (born 1971), French politician of the Horizons party and elected Member of the European Parliament
 * Glenn Boyer (1924–2013), American writer
 * Greg Boyer (disambiguation), several people
 * Herbert Boyer (born 1936), American biochemist and businessman
 * India Boyer (1907–1998), American architect
 * Isabella Eugénie Boyer (1841-1904), French-American model and heiress
 * Jacques Boyer (born 1955), American cyclist and child molester
 * Jacqueline Boyer (born 1941), French singer
 * Jean Boyer (director) (1901–1965), French director and author
 * Jean Boyer (politician) (born 1937), French politician
 * Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1843), Haitian President and emancipator of slaves in Santo Domingo
 * Jean-Pierre Boyer (cardinal) (1829–1896), French prelate of the Catholic Church, also the Bishop of Clermont and Archbishop of Bourges
 * Jeremy Boyer (born 1980), American stadium organist
 * Jim Boyer (disambiguation), several people
 * John W. Boyer (1890-1924), race car driver and co-winner of the 1924 Indianapolis 500.
 * John W. Boyer (born 1946), American historian and academic administrator
 * Joseph Boyer (1848–1930), a Canadian-American inventor and computer industrialist
 * Josh Boyer (born 1977), American football coach
 * Julien Boyer (born 1988), French professional footballer who plays as a left-back
 * Katherine Boyer (born nd.), Canadian Métis artist
 * Katy Boyer (born nd.), American actress
 * Ken Boyer (1931–1982), American baseball player
 * LaNada Boyer (born 1947), Native American writer and activist
 * Lewis L. Boyer (1886-1944), American politician and U.S. Representative of Illinois
 * Lisa Boyer (born nd.), College Basketball Coach
 * Louis Boyer (disambiguation), several people
 * Lucien Boyer (1876-1942), French music hall singer
 * Lucienne Boyer (1901–1983), French singer
 * Mark Boyer (born 1960), retired American football tight end
 * Mark A. Boyer (born 1961), Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Connecticut and a specialist in international relations theory
 * Marius Boyer (1885–1947), French architect and professor
 * Marine Boyer (born 2000), French female artistic gymnast
 * Max Boyer (born 1984), Canadian professional wrestler
 * Merle Boyer (1920–2009), American jewelry designer
 * Michael Boyer (born 1960), American actor and showman
 * Michael P. Boyer (1831–1867), American politician from Pennsylvania
 * Miguel Boyer (1939–2014), Spanish politician
 * Mitch Boyer (1837–1876), Old West guide and interpreter of Sioux and French Canadian descent
 * Myriam Boyer (born 1948), French film and television actress
 * Nate Boyer (born 1981), United States Army Green Beret and actor
 * Nikki Boyer (born 1975), American actress and singer-songwriter
 * Otto Boyer (1874–1912), German genre painter and writer
 * Pascal Boyer (born nd.), French-American anthropologist
 * Patrick Boyer (born 1945), Canadian politician
 * Paul Boyer (disambiguation), several people
 * Peter Boyer (born 1970), American composer
 * Phil Boyer (born 1949), English footballer
 * Pierre François Xavier Boyer (1772–1851), French general of the Napoleonic Wars and Algerian invasion
 * Régis Boyer (1932–2017), French scholar
 * Richard Boyer (disambiguation), several people
 * Rick Boyer (1943–2021), American author and university professor
 * Robert Stephen Boyer (born nd.), American professor of computer science, mathematics, and philosophy at The University of Texas at Austin
 * Robert Hamilton Boyer (1932-1966), a visiting professor shot and killed in Charles Whitman's shooting spree at The University of Texas at Austin in 1966, known for the Boyer–Lindquist coordinates
 * Robert Boyer (artist) (1948–2004), Canadian artist of aboriginal heritage
 * Scott Boyer (1947–2018), American musician
 * Sally Boyer (born nd.), American gambler
 * Stéphen Boyer (born 1996), French volleyball player
 * Stephen A. Boyer (1828–1904), American politician from Maryland
 * Stéphane Boyer (born 1988), Canadian politician and mayor of Laval, Quebec
 * Valérie Boyer (born 1962), French politician and Senator for Bouches-du-Rhône
 * Xavier Boyer (born nd.), singer of the group Tahiti 80
 * Yves Boyer (born 1965), French luger who competed in the men's singles and doubles events at the 1992 Winter Olympics
 * Yvonne Boyer (born 1953), first indigenous person from Ontario appointed to the Senate of Canada
 * Zac Boyer (born 1971), National Hockey League right winger

title: Boyer


text:
Benchmark (venture capital firm)

Benchmark is a venture capital firm founded in 1995 by Bob Kagle, Bruce Dunlevie, Andy Rachleff, Kevin Harvey, and Val Vaden.

Investments
The firm's most successful investment was a 1997 investment of $6.7 million in eBay for 22.1% of the company. In 2011, it invested $12 million for an 11% stake in Uber, worth $7 billion in 2019 and $9.4 billion in 2023.

Notable companies funded by the firm include 1-800-Flowers, Demandforce, Amplitude, AOL, Art.com/Allposters.com, Asana, Baixing, CTERA Networks, Cerebras Systems, Confluent, Cockroach Labs, CouchSurfing, Cyanogen, Digits, Discord, Duo Security, Domo, Inc.,  Docker, Dropbox, EBags.com, eBay, Friendster, HackerOne Instagram,  JAMDAT, Juniper Networks, Marin Software, Metacafe, Minted, Modern Treasury, MySQL, New Relic,  Nextdoor,  OpenTable, Optimizely, Palm, Inc., ResearchGate, Seeking Alpha, ServiceSource, Sketch, Snapchat,   Solv, Stitch Fix,  Twitter, Tellme Networks, Uber,  Ubiquity6, Vessel, WeWork,    WorldWinner, Xapo, Yelp, Inc., Zendesk, Zillow, Zipcar, and Zuora.

Partner structure
Benchmark is noted for creating the first equal ownership and compensation structure for its partners. The "maverick" firm differs from most VC firms, which are named for their founders and are structured hierarchically; Benchmark was described by Fortune as "a lean operation in which its six full-time partners share profits equally." While there are no differentiation between its "junior partners" and "senior partners," there is also no CEO-like position held.

In popular culture
Benchmark Capital was featured in the Apple TV+ original TV series WeCrashed starring Jared Leto and Anne Hathaway. In the show, Anthony Edwards portrays Benchmark co-founder Bruce Dunlevie, who became WeWork's first major investor on the 1st of April in 2012 when Benchmark led WeWork's $17 million Series-A seed funding.

Benchmark was also featured in the Showtime original Super Pumped starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt. In the series, Kyle Chandler plays Benchmark General Partner Bill Gurley, portraying his involvement in leading Ubers' $11 million round of fundraising in February 2011.

title: Benchmark (venture capital firm)