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Tredegar House Country Park

Tredegar Park (Parc Tredegar) is a 90 acre country park situated in the Coedkernew area of Newport, Wales. It lies close to junction 28 of the M4 motorway connecting London and West Wales.

History
It formerly formed part of the original 16th century estate of the Morgan family, first substantially redeveloped by William Morgan (of Machen and Tredegar) in the 17th century and owned for generations by the Lords Tredegar. The Grade I building, Tredegar House, and the Grade I listed stables, are also situated within the park.

The park is very large, comprising around 90 acre and includes a large lake that it is possible to walk around.

The present day community (parish) of Tredegar Park is a much smaller area consisting of the Duffryn estate and immediate surroundings. The park itself falls within the boundaries of Coedkernew.

Parkrun
Parkrun (a UK-wide running series) takes place in the grounds of the park each Saturday at 9am. The first event was hosted in 2011. As of May 2024, 586 runs have been held, attracting 20,284 runners. An average of over 300 people compete each week, however some events have attracted up to 700 competitors.

National Trust
The National Trust took over management of the Country House and Grounds in 2015. As a condition of their management, the grounds and gardens of the house are to remain free for the public to access, with the House entry at £10.10 for adults as part of the Trust's costs to manage their estates.

title: Tredegar House Country Park


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Good Feeling (Travis album)

Good Feeling is the debut studio album by the Scottish rock band Travis. The album was released on 8 September 1997, on Independiente Records. All four singles released from the album reached the UK Top 40 (with Tied To The 90s making to Top 30).

Background and release
Once set up in London, the band spent between nine months and a year recording new songs. The band played their first London show at the Dublin Castle pub in Camden. With around twenty good songs ready, they then approached managers Colin Lester and Ian McAndrew of Wildlife Entertainment, who then introduced the band to Andy MacDonald, owner of Go! Discs Records and founder of Independiente Records. The band was signed to MacDonald personally, not to the label—if MacDonald ever leaves the Sony-financed label Independiente Records, the band goes with him (commonly referred to in the industry as a "golden handcuffs" clause).

The album itself has a much more upbeat and 'rockier' sound than their subsequent releases and is often regarded as one of their best. In 2000 the album was re-released, with the only differences being new album artwork (featuring a headshot of the band on a black background) and a slightly-tweaked version of "More Than Us". In April 2021, Craft Recordings re-issued the album on vinyl with the original cover (featuring a full band shot with a mostly white background).

Production
Produced by Steve Lillywhite of U2 fame, Travis' first studio album, 1997's Good Feeling, is a rockier, more upbeat record than the band's others to date. Recorded at the legendary Bearsville Studios in Woodstock, New York, the place where Travis favourite the Band recorded, the album contained singles such as "All I Want to Do Is Rock", "U16 Girls", the Beatle'esque "Tied to the 90's", "Happy" and "More Than Us". Guest musicians include Page McConnell of Phish playing keyboards on the title track "Good Feeling". The album reached No. 9 on the British charts, but with little radio play, it slipped from the charts relatively quickly, dropping to number 26 and then 53 over the next couple of weeks (though over the next few years it would end up with 27 weeks inside the Top 100, making it the third longest chart run for a Travis album). Although it heralded Travis' arrival on the British music scene, received extremely positive reviews, and substantially broadened Travis' fan base, it sold just 40,000 copies. Following the release, Travis toured extensively, their live performances further enhancing their reputation. This included support slots in the UK for Oasis, after Noel Gallagher became an outspoken fan.

Critical reception
The New York Times concluded that the album "is flawed, sprinkled with a few songs that are worse than bad—they're boring and trite... But if future albums live up to the promise of this one's best moments, Travis could be Britain's next revered rock standard-bearer."

Track listing
All tracks written by Fran Healy.

Personnel
Travis
 * Fran Healy – lead vocals, guitar
 * Dougie Payne – bass guitar, backing vocals
 * Andy Dunlop – guitar, backing vocals
 * Neil Primrose – drums, percussion

Additional personnel
 * Page McConnell – keyboards (Track 5)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Good Feeling (Travis album)


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DarkSky International

DarkSky International, formerly the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) is a United States-based non-profit organization incorporated in 1988 by founders David Crawford, a professional astronomer, and Tim Hunter, a physician and amateur astronomer. The mission of DarkSky is "to preserve and protect the night time environment and our heritage of dark skies through quality outdoor lighting."

Light pollution is the result of outdoor lighting that is not properly shielded, allowing light shine into the eyes and night sky. Direct light that shines into the eyes is called glare, and light directed into the night sky above the horizon causes skyglow. Lighting can also cause light trespass when it enters areas where unwanted (e.g. a neighbor's yard and windows). DarkSky was the first organization in the dark-sky movement, and is currently the largest.

Principal approach
DarkSky's principal approach is to raise awareness about the value of dark, star-filled night skies and encourage their protection and restoration through education about the problems and solutions, including outdoor lighting practices that create less light pollution. In 2011, the organization had about 5,000 members in 70 countries.

International Dark Sky Places
To promote awareness about the issues, DarkSky has an International Dark Sky Places program that aims "to encourage communities, parks and protected areas around the world to preserve and protect dark sites through responsible lighting policies and public education". There are currently five types of designation for International Dark Sky Places:
 * International Dark Sky Sanctuaries
 * International Dark Sky Parks
 * International Dark Sky Reserves
 * International Dark Sky Communities
 * Urban Night Sky Places

International Dark Sky Sanctuaries
DarkSky describes Dark Sky Sanctuaries as "the most remote (and often darkest) places in the world whose conservation state is most fragile".
 * !Ae!Hai Kalahari Heritage Park South Africa, designated 2019
 * Aotea / Great Barrier Island New Zealand, designated 2017
 * Oregon Outback, Oregon, United States, designated 2024
 * Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Minnesota, United States, designated 2020
 * Beaver Islands State Wildlife Research Area
 * Cosmic Campground United States, designated 2016
 * Devils River State Natural Area – Del Norte Unit United States, designated 2019
 * Bardsey Island/Ynys Enlli - Wales (United Kingdom), designated 2023
 * Gabriela Mistral Dark Sky Sanctuary Elqui Valley, Chile, designated 2015
 * Katahdin Woods and Waters National Monument United States, designated 2020
 * Massacre Rim Wilderness Study Area Washoe County, Nevada United States, designated 2019
 * Medicine Rocks State Park United States, designated 2020
 * Niue, designated 2020 – the first entire country to be designated.
 * Pitcairn Islands designated 2019
 * Rainbow Bridge National Monument United States, designated 2018
 * Stewart Island / Rakiura New Zealand, designated 2019
 * The Jump-Up Queensland, Australia, designated 2019

International Dark Sky Parks
DarkSky describes Dark Sky Parks as "publicly- or privately-owned spaces protected for natural conservation that implement good outdoor lighting and provide dark sky programs for visitors".
 * Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah, United States, designated 2006
 * Cherry Springs State Park, Pennsylvania, United States, designated 2008
 * Galloway Forest Park, Scotland, United Kingdom, designated 2009
 * Zselic National Landscape Protection Area, Hungary, designated 2009
 * Clayton Lake State Park, New Mexico, United States, designated 2010
 * Goldendale Observatory State Park, Washington, United States, designated 2010, suspended 2016, revoked 2017
 * Hortobágy National Park, Hungary, designated 2011
 * The Headlands, Michigan, United States, designated 2011
 * Observatory Park, Ohio, United States, designated 2011
 * Big Bend National Park, Texas, United States, designated 2012
 * Big Bend Ranch State Park, Texas, United States, designated 2017
 * Death Valley National Park, California, United States, designated 2013
 * Chaco Culture National Historical Park, New Mexico, United States, designated 2013
 * Northumberland National Park, England, United Kingdom, designated 2013
 * Eifel National Park, Germany, designated 2014
 * Mayland Community College Blue Ridge Observatory and Star Park, North Carolina, United States, designated 2014
 * Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, Arizona, United States, designated 2014
 * Hovenweep National Monument, Utah and Colorado, United States, designated 2014
 * Copper Breaks State Park, Texas, United States, designated 2014
 * Enchanted Rock State Natural Area, Texas, United States, designated 2014
 * Elan Valley Estate, Wales, United Kingdom, designated 2015
 * Yeongyang Firefly Eco Park, Yeongyang, South Korea, designated 2015
 * Mayo International Dark Sky Park, County Mayo, Ireland, designated 2016
 * Warrumbungle National Park, New South Wales, Australia, designated 2016
 * Dead Horse Point State Park, Utah, United States, designated 2016
 * Wupatki National Monument, Arizona, United States, designated 2016
 * Walnut Canyon National Monument, Arizona, United States, designated 2016
 * Sunset Crater National Monument, Arizona, United States, designated 2016
 * Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Alberta, Canada and Montana, United States, designated 2017
 * Ramon Crater, Negev Desert, Israel, designated 2017
 * Kartchner Caverns State Park, Arizona, United States, designated 2017
 * Joshua Tree National Park, California, United States, designated 2017
 * Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho, designated 2017
 * Obed Wild and Scenic River, Tennessee, United States, designated 2017
 * Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California, United States, designated 2018
 * Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, designated 2018
 * Steinaker State Park, Utah, United States, designated 2018
 * Middle Fork River Forest Preserve, Illinois, United States, designated 2018
 * Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, United States, designated 2019
 * Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Colorado, United States, designated 2019
 * Hehuan Mountain, Nantou County, Taiwan, designated 2019
 * El Morro National Monument, New Mexico, United States, designated 2019
 * Kōzu-shima, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, designated 2020
 * Wai-iti Dark Sky Park, New Zealand, designated 2020
 * Quetico Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, designated 2021
 * Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, United States, designated 2021
 * Sky Meadows State Park, Virginia, United States, designated 2021
 * City of Rocks National Reserve, Idaho, United States, designated 2023
 * Aenos National Park, Cephalonia, Greece, designated 2023
 * Oxford Forest Conservation Area, North Canterbury, New Zealand, designated 2024
 * Øvre Pasvik National Park, Sør-Varanger, Norway, designated 2024

International Dark Sky Reserves
IDA describes Dark Sky Reserves as "dark 'core' zones surrounded by a populated periphery where policy controls are enacted to protect the darkness of the core".
 * Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve, South Island, New Zealand, designated 2012
 * Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, United Kingdom, designated 2013
 * Central Idaho Dark Sky Reserve, Idaho, United States, designated 2017
 * Exmoor National Park, England, United Kingdom, designated 2011
 * Kerry International Dark-Sky Reserve, County Kerry, Ireland, designated 2014
 * The Reserve at Mont-Mégantic, Quebec, Canada, designated 2008
 * Moore's Reserve (South Downs), England, designated 2016
 * NamibRand Nature Reserve, Namibia, Africa, designated 2012
 * Pic du Midi, France, designated 2013
 * Rhön Biosphere Reserve, Germany, designated 2014
 * River Murray International Dark Sky Reserve, near Swan Reach, South Australia, designated 2019
 * Snowdonia National Park, Wales, designated 2015
 * Westhavelland Nature Park, Germany, designated 2014
 * Newport State Park, Wisconsin, United States, designated 2017
 * Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO), India, designated 2022
 * Wairarapa Dark Sky Reserve, New Zealand, designated 2023

International Dark Sky Communities
DarkSky describes Dark Sky Communities as "legally organized cities and towns that adopt quality outdoor lighting ordinances and undertake efforts to educate residents about the importance of dark skies".
 * Flagstaff, Arizona, United States, designated 2001
 * Borrego Springs, California, United States, designated 2009
 * Sark, Channel Islands, designated 2011
 * Homer Glen, Illinois, United States, designated 2011
 * Coll in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, designated 2013
 * Dripping Springs, Texas, United States, designated 2014
 * Beverly Shores, Indiana, United States, designated 2014
 * Sedona, Arizona, United States, designated 2014
 * Westcliffe and Silver Cliff, Colorado, United States, designated 2015
 * Thunder Mountain Pootsee Nightsky, Arizona, United States, designated 2015
 * Bon Accord, Alberta, Canada, designated 2015
 * Horseshoe Bay, Texas, designated 2015
 * Moffat, Scotland, designated 2016
 * Big Park/Village of Oak Creek, Arizona, designated 2016
 * River Oaks, Texas, Dark Sky Friendly Development of Distinction, designated 2017
 * Ketchum, Idaho, designated 2017
 * Møn, Denmark & Nyord, Denmark, designated 2017
 * Fountain Hills, Arizona, designated 2018
 * Torrey, Utah, designated 2018
 * Camp Verde, Arizona, designated 2018
 * Wimberley and Woodcreek, Texas designated 2018
 * Lakewood Village, Texas, designated 2020
 * Crestone, Colorado, designated in 2020
 * Groveland, Florida, designated in 2023

Urban Night Sky Places
DarkSky describes Urban Night Sky Places as "sites near or surrounded by large urban environs whose planning and design actively promote an authentic nighttime experience in the midst of significant artificial light at night, and that otherwise do not qualify for designation within any other International Dark Sky Places category".
 * Fry Family Park, Ohio, U.S., designated 2021
 * Palos Preserves, Illinois, U.S., designated 2021
 * Stacy Park, Missouri, U.S., designated 2021
 * Timpanogos Cave National Monument, Utah, U.S., designated 2020
 * Valle de Oro National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, U.S., designated 2019

Fixture Seal of Approval
To promote the use of responsible outdoor lighting that minimizes light pollution, DarkSky offers a Fixture Seal of Approval program. The program provides objective, third-party certification for lighting products that minimize glare, reduce light trespass, and do not pollute the night sky.

title: DarkSky International


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Wikipedia:Peer review/Archive 3

This page contains the Peer review requests that are older than one month, are not signed, or did not follow the "How to use this page" principles in some way. If one of your requests has been moved here by mistake, please accept our apologies and copy it back to the main Peer review page with your signature ( ~ ).

Older requests have been archived to Peer review/Archive 1 and Peer review/Archive 2

The most recent topics appear on top.

title: Wikipedia:Peer review/Archive 3


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La Sainte Union College of Higher Education

La Sainte Union (LSU) in Southampton was a teacher training college. It was owned and run by the La Sainte Union des Sacrés Coeurs order of nuns, and this Catholic background was reflected in the student makeup.

In addition to teacher training, LSU also provided first degree courses in the Humanities, particularly history (notably American and Soviet), art, English and foreign languages (B.A. Combined Studies, B.A. Modern Foreign Languages & European Studies, Theology). Although the education was provided by independent lecturers and professors the courses were overseen by the University of Southampton and degrees (both ordinary and honours) awarded by the university. Towards the end of its time LSU also started moving into medical training.

In April 1997 the Teacher Training Agency decided to withdraw accreditation for the college's teacher training courses, forcing LSU to close. This followed the college's failure to pass an important academic validation inspection after which Bishop of Portsmouth Anthony Emery was quoted as saying "The full story cannot be told at the present time". At that stage the college employed 315 staff and had over 2,000 students. The teacher training and art programmes were immediately taken over by nearby education providers, including the University of Southampton, Chichester Institute of Higher Education (now University of Chichester and King Alfred's College, Winchester.

The college campus was immediately taken over by the University of Southampton and became a campus of the university called New College, specialising in adult and continuing education, and art programmes. The New College campus was sold by the university in 2006, and the educational activities on the site moved to Southampton University's main campuses at Highfield, Winchester and Boldrewood.

The campus is now a housing area with a mix of houses and apartments, built by Linden Homes. Most of the original buildings, and the original houses which were used as Halls of Residence in Archers Road, are gone. The two newer Halls of Residence, Gateley Halls and Romero Halls, which were built in 1994, are still being used by University of Southampton students.


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Powell and Pressburger

The British film-making partnership of Michael Powell (1905–1990) and Emeric Pressburger (1902–1988)—together often known as The Archers, the name of their production company—made a series of influential films in the 1940s and 1950s. Their collaborations—24 films between 1939 and 1972—were mainly derived from original stories by Pressburger with the script written by both Pressburger and Powell. Powell did most of the directing while Pressburger did most of the work of the producer and also assisted with the editing, especially the way the music was used. Unusually, the pair shared a writer-director-producer credit for most of their films. The best-known of these are The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943), A Canterbury Tale (1944), I Know Where I'm Going! (1945), A Matter of Life and Death (1946), Black Narcissus (1947), The Red Shoes (1948), and The Tales of Hoffmann (1951).

In 1981, Powell and Pressburger were recognised for their contributions to British cinema with the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, the most prestigious award given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

Early films
Powell was already an experienced director, having worked his way up from making silent films to the First World War drama The Spy in Black (1939), his first film for Hungarian émigré producer Alexander Korda. Pressburger, who had come from Hungary in 1935, already worked for Korda, and was asked to do some rewrites for the film. This collaboration was the first of 19, most over the next 18 years.

After Powell had made two further films for Korda, he reunited with Pressburger in 1940 for Contraband, the first in a run of Powell and Pressburger films set during the Second World War. The second was 49th Parallel (1941), which won Pressburger an Academy Award for Best Story. Both are Hitchcock-like thrillers made as anti-Nazi propaganda. For these three films, Powell is the credited director (also producer on 49th Parallel), while Pressburger is credited with the screenplay:

 * The Spy in Black (1939)
 * Contraband (1940)
 * 49th Parallel (1941)

Birth of The Archers
The pair adopted a joint writer-producer-director credit for their next film, One of Our Aircraft Is Missing (1942) and made reference to "The Archers" in the credits. In 1943 they incorporated their own production company, Archers Film Productions, and adopted a distinctive archery target logo which began each film. The joint credit "Written, Produced and Directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger" indicates their joint responsibility for their own work and that they weren't beholden to any studio or other producers.

In a letter to Wendy Hiller in 1942, asking her to appear in Colonel Blimp, Pressburger explicitly set out 'The Archers' Manifesto'. Its five points express the pair's intentions:

 * 1) We owe allegiance to nobody except the financial interests which provide our money; and, to them, the sole responsibility of ensuring them a profit, not a loss.
 * 2) Every single foot in our films is our own responsibility and nobody else's. We refuse to be guided or coerced by any influence but our own judgement.
 * 3) When we start work on a new idea, we must be a year ahead, not only of our competitors, but also of the times. A real film, from idea to universal release, takes a year. Or more.
 * 4) No artist believes in escapism. And we secretly believe that no audience does. We have proved, at any rate, that they will pay to see the truth, for other reasons than her nakedness.
 * 5) At any time, and particularly at the present, the self-respect of all collaborators, from star to propman, is sustained, or diminished, by the theme and purpose of the film they are working on.

They began to form a group of regular cast and crew members who worked with them on many films over the next 12 years. Hardly any of these people were ever under contract to The Archers—they were hired film by film—but Powell and Pressburger soon learnt whom they worked well with and who enjoyed working with them. When Raymond Massey was offered the part of the Prosecuting Attorney in A Matter of Life and Death his cabled reply was "For The Archers anytime, this world or the next."

Powell and Pressburger also co-produced a few films by other directors under The Archers' banner: The Silver Fleet (1943), written and directed by Vernon Sewell and Gordon Wellesley, based on a story by Pressburger, and The End of the River (1947), directed by Derek N. Twist, to which both Powell and Pressburger contributed uncredited writing. Both Sewell and Twist had worked with Powell & Pressburger previously on other films and were being given their first chance as directors.

Over the course of the war and afterwards, they released a series of acclaimed films:

 * One of Our Aircraft Is Missing (1942)
 * The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943)
 * The Silver Fleet (1943) (producers only; written and directed by the team of Vernon Sewell and Gordon Wellesley)
 * The Volunteer (1944) a short propaganda film
 * A Canterbury Tale (1944)
 * I Know Where I'm Going! (1945)
 * A Matter of Life and Death (1946)

The collaboration
Generally, Pressburger created the original story (for all their films from 1940–1946) and wrote the first draft of the script. They then passed the script back and forth a few times—they could never work on it together in the same room. For the dialogue, Pressburger knew what he wanted the characters to say but Powell would often supply some of the actual words.

They both acted as producers, perhaps Pressburger slightly more than Powell, since he could soothe the feathers ruffled by Powell's forthright manner. They became their own producers mainly to stop anyone else from interfering, since they had a considerable degree of freedom, especially under Rank, to make just about any film they wanted.

The direction was nearly all done by Powell, but even so The Archers generally worked as a team, with the cast and crew often making suggestions. Pressburger was always on hand, usually on the studio floor, to make sure that these late changes fit seamlessly into the story.

Once the filming was finished, Powell usually went off for a walk in the hills of Scotland to clear his head, but Pressburger was often closely involved in the editing, especially in the way the music was used. Pressburger was a musician himself and had played the violin in an orchestra in Hungary.

When the film was finally ready and Powell was back from the Highlands, he was usually "the front man" in any promotional work, such as interviews for the trade papers or fan magazines.

Because collaborative efforts such as Powell and Pressburger's were, and continue to be, unusual in the film industry, and because of the influence of the auteur theory, which elevates the director as a film's primary creator, Pressburger has sometimes been dismissed as "Michael Powell's scriptwriter". Powell himself consistently, emphatically and categorically rejected this characterization, and was the first to say, in many interviews, that he couldn't have done most of what he did without Pressburger working as a full and equal film-making partner.

Post-war success and decline

 * Black Narcissus (1947)
 * The End of the River (1947) (producers only; written by Wolfgang Wilhelm, directed by Derek Twist)
 * The Red Shoes (1948)
 * The Small Back Room (1949)
 * The Elusive Pimpernel (1950)
 * Gone to Earth (1950). A substantially re-edited version was released in the US as The Wild Heart (1952) by co-producer David O. Selznick, after a court battle with Powell and Pressburger. The film was fully restored by the British Film Archive in 1985.
 * The Tales of Hoffmann (1951)

End of the partnership
In the early 1950s Powell and Pressburger began to produce fewer films, with notably less success.

 * Oh... Rosalinda!! (1955)
 * The Battle of the River Plate (1956)
 * Ill Met by Moonlight (1957)

The Archers' productions officially came to an end in 1957, and the pair separated to pursue their individual careers. The separation was amicable, and they remained devoted friends for the rest of their lives.

Later collaboration
The pair reunited for two films:

 * They're a Weird Mob (1966)
 * The Boy Who Turned Yellow (1972)

For both these films, Powell was credited as the sole director, and Pressburger as the sole screenwriter (for They're a Weird Mob, Pressburger used the pseudonym "Richard Imrie"). Powell produced They're a Weird Mob, Pressburger produced The Boy Who Turned Yellow.

Regular cast and crew
Powell and Pressburger re-used actors and crew members in a number of films. Actors who were part of The Archers' "stock company" include:

 * Pamela Brown (One of Our Aircraft Is Missing, I Know Where I'm Going!, The Tales of Hoffmann)
 * Kathleen Byron (The Silver Fleet, A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The Small Back Room)
 * Robert Coote (A Matter of Life and Death, The Elusive Pimpernel)
 * Finlay Currie (The Edge of the World, 49th Parallel, I Know Where I'm Going!)
 * Cyril Cusack (The Small Back Room, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth, Ill Met by Moonlight)
 * David Farrar (Black Narcissus, The Small Back Room, Gone to Earth, The Battle of the River Plate)
 * Marius Goring (The Spy in Black, A Matter of Life and Death, The Red Shoes, The Battle of the River Plate)
 * Robert Helpmann (One of Our Aircraft Is Missing, The Red Shoes, The Tales of Hoffmann)
 * Valerie Hobson (The Silent Battle, The Spy in Black, Contraband, Atlantic Ferry)
 * Kim Hunter (A Canterbury Tale [American version], A Matter of Life and Death)
 * Deborah Kerr (Contraband [deleted scenes], The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, Black Narcissus)
 * Esmond Knight (Contraband, The Silver Fleet, A Canterbury Tale, Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes, Gone to Earth, Peeping Tom, The Boy Who Turned Yellow)
 * John Laurie (Red Ensign, Her Last Affaire, The Edge of the World, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, I Know Where I'm Going!, Return to the Edge of the World)
 * Roger Livesey (The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, I Know Where I'm Going!, A Matter of Life and Death)
 * Raymond Massey (49th Parallel, A Matter of Life and Death)
 * Léonide Massine (The Red Shoes, The Tales of Hoffmann, Honeymoon)
 * Eric Portman (49th Parallel, One of Our Aircraft Is Missing, A Canterbury Tale, Squadron Leader X, Wanted for Murder)
 * Sir Ralph Richardson (The Lion Has Wings, The Silver Fleet, Smith, The Volunteer)
 * Moira Shearer (The Red Shoes, The Tales of Hoffmann, Peeping Tom)
 * Conrad Veidt (The Spy in Black, Contraband, The Thief of Bagdad)
 * Anton Walbrook (49th Parallel, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The Red Shoes, Oh... Rosalinda!!)
 * Mogens Wieth (Aila, Pohjolan tytär, The Tales of Hoffmann)
 * Googie Withers (Her Last Affaire, One of Our Aircraft Is Missing, The Silver Fleet)

Notable crew members include:

 * Ivor Beddoes (Assistant Art Director: The Small Back Room, The Fighting Pimpernel, Gone to Earth, The Tales of Hoffmann; Peeping Tom; Scenic Artist: Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes)
 * Sir Thomas Beecham (Conductor: The Red Shoes, The Tales of Hoffmann)
 * George Blackler (Makeup Artist: 49th Parallel, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, A Canterbury Tale, A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes)
 * Jack Cardiff (Cinematographer: A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes; Cameraman: The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp)
 * Christopher Challis (Cinematographer: The End of the River, The Small Back Room, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth, The Tales of Hoffmann, The Sorcerer's Apprentice, Oh... Rosalinda!!, Ill Met by Moonlight; Cameraman: A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes; Associate Director: The End of the River)
 * Walter Percy Day (Special Effects: The Spy in Black, The Thief of Bagdad, 49th Parallel, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, A Canterbury Tale, I Know Where I'm Going!, A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth
 * Brian Easdale (Composer: Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes, The Small Back Room, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth, The Battle of the River Plate, Peeping Tom, Return to the Edge of the World)
 * Peter Ellenshaw (Assistant Matte Artist: The Thief of Bagdad, A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes)
 * Ernest Gasser (Makeup Artist: A Canterbury Tale, Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes)
 * Allan Gray (Composer: The Silver Fleet, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The Volunteer, A Canterbury Tale, I Know Where I'm Going!, A Matter of Life and Death)
 * Erwin Hillier (Cinematographer: The Silver Fleet, A Canterbury Tale, I Know Where I'm Going!)
 * Hein Heckroth (Costume Designer: A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes, The Small Back Room, The Tales of Hoffmann; Production Designer: (The Red Shoes, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth, The Tales of Hoffmann, The Sorcerer's Apprentice, Oh... Rosalinda!!, Herzog Blaubarts Burg)
 * Alfred Junge (Production Designer: The Silver Fleet, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The Volunteer, A Canterbury Tale, I Know Where I'm Going!, Stairway to Heaven, Black Narcissus; Art Director: The Fire Raisers, Red Ensign, I Know Where I'm Going! Set dresser: Blackout)
 * Laurie Knight (Third Assistant Director: A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, The End of the River, The Red Shoes
 * Arthur Lawson (Production Designer: The Battle of the River Plate; Art Director: The Red Shoes, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth, The Tales of Hoffmann, Peeping Tom; Assistant Art Director: A Matter of Life and Death, Black Narcissus, Oh... Rosalinda!!; floor manager: The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp)
 * David Lean (Editor: 49th Parallel, One of Our Aircraft Is Missing)
 * Gordon McCallum (Dubbing: Black Narcissus, The End of the River, The Red Shoes; Sound Recordist: The Battle of the River Plate, Ill Met by Moonlight, Peeping Tom; Sound Editor: The Edge of the World, I Know Where I'm Going; Boom Operator: A Canterbury Tale)
 * Reginald Mills (Editor: A Matter of Life and Death; Black Narcissus; The Red Shoes, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth, The Tales of Hoffmann, The Sorcerer's Apprentice, Oh... Rosalinda!!, The Battle of the River Plate)
 * Charles Poulton (Sound: The Red Shoes, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth
 * Kenneth K. Rick (Second Assistant Director: Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes)
 * Miklós Rózsa (Composer: The Spy in Black, The Thief of Bagdad)
 * John Seabourne (Writer: Aila, Pohjolan tytär; Editor: Blackout, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The Volunteer, A Canterbury Tale, I Know Where I'm Going!, Aila, Pohjolan tytär; Associate Director: One of Our Aircraft Is Missing)
 * Sydney Streeter (Producer: Return to the Edge of the World; Associate Producer: Oh... Rosalinda!!, The Battle of The River Plate, Ill Met by Moonlight; Assistant Director: Black Narcissus, The Red Shoes, The Small Back Room, The Elusive Pimpernel, Gone to Earth, The Tales of Hoffmann; Production Manager: One of Our Aircraft Is Missing, The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The Volunteer; Associate Art Director: 49th Parallel; Chief of Construction: The Edge of the World)

Powell & Pressburger also produced two films written and directed by crewmembers or compatriots of through their production company.
 * The Silver Fleet, based on an original story by Pressburger, was written and directed by Vernon Sewell and Gordon Wellesley, who like Powell and Pressburger worked as a team and were both credited in both roles. Sewell had previously worked for Powell as a crew member on The Edge of the World, and Wellesley had co-written Atlantic Ferry with Pressburger.
 * The End of the River was written by Wolfgang Wilhelm and directed by Derek Twist. In the 30's, Twist had edited The Fire Raisers, The Phantom Light, The Edge of the World, and The Lion Has Wings, all directed or co-directed by Powell. Wilhelm had co-written the screenplay of 1943's Squadron Leader X from a story by Pressburger.

Critical opinions
"Michael Powell's gift was that he saw things with terrible clarity. Perhaps his films have been waiting for DVD all along." "There is not a British director, working in Britain, with as many worthwhile films to his credit as Michael Powell." British film critics gave the films of Powell and Pressburger a mixed reaction at the time, acknowledging their creativity, but sometimes questioning their motivations and taste. For better or worse, The Archers were always out of step with mainstream British cinema.

From the 1970s onwards, British critical opinion began to revise this lukewarm assessment, with their first BFI retrospective in 1970 and another in 1978. They are now seen as playing a key part in the history of British film, and have become influential and iconic for many film-makers of later generations, such as Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola and George A. Romero, among others.

Filmography

 * The Spy in Black (1939)
 * Contraband (1940)
 * 49th Parallel (1941)
 * One of Our Aircraft Is Missing (1942)
 * The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943)
 * The Volunteer (1943)
 * A Canterbury Tale (1944)
 * I Know Where I'm Going! (1945)
 * A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
 * Black Narcissus (1947)
 * The Red Shoes (1948)
 * The Small Back Room (1949)
 * The Elusive Pimpernel (1950)
 * Gone to Earth (1950)
 * The Tales of Hoffmann (1951)
 * Oh... Rosalinda!! (1955)
 * The Battle of the River Plate (1956)
 * Ill Met by Moonlight (1957)
 * They're a Weird Mob (1966)
 * The Boy Who Turned Yellow (1972)

Awards, nominations and honours
Four of their films are among the Top 50 British films of the 20th century according to the British Film Institute, with The Red Shoes placing in the top 10.

Powell and Pressburger, the people and their films have been the subject of many documentaries and books as well as doctoral research.

An English Heritage blue plaque to commemorate Powell and Pressburger was unveiled on 17 February 2014 by Martin Scorsese and Thelma Schoonmaker at Dorset House, Gloucester Place, London, where The Archers had their offices from 1942–47.

title: Powell and Pressburger


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Peugeot 403

The Peugeot 403 is a mid-size car manufactured and marketed by Peugeot between May 1955 and October 1966. A total of 1,214,121 of all types, including commercial models, were produced, making it the first Peugeot to exceed one million in sales.

History
The 403 debuted as a sedan/saloon on 20 April 1955 at the Trocadéro Palace in Paris. For several months before it was launched, numerous 403s, their badges removed, were driving on the roads near the manufacturer's Sochaux factory. They became so familiar that the locals no longer noticed them, but attracted the Paris motoring press to a town usually of little interest to the national media.

The TN3 engine size gave the car a "tax horsepower" of 8 CV, which placed it a class below the soon-to-be-replaced 11 CV Citroën Traction, but at least one class above the small cars produced by the principal competitor manufacturers.

When it was first shown, and until after 1958, the leading edge of car's nose carried an angular, forward-leaning chrome lion bonnet ornament – as Peugeot's trade mark. That was removed for 1959, due to safety concerns, and the logo was incorporated into a shield-shaped grill emblem.

Subsequently the semaphore-style trafficators on the C-pillars were replaced with flashing indicators within the light cluster. The front lights were modified to conform to new standards and in 1957 parallel windscreen wipers were substituted for the original "cross hands" design featured at launch.

Although, the car was subject to numerous improvements during production, mostly minor. Improvements for 1959, included moving the nozzles for the windscreen washer from the strip of metal between the base of the windscreen and the bonnet/hood a short distance to the rear edge of the bonnet/hood itself. This was also the year the semi-circular ring inside the lower half of the steering wheel operating the horn was replaced by a full circular horn-ring.

Design
Styled by Pinin Farina, the 403 featured ponton, three-box styling incorporating, except on the most basic models, a metal sunroof. The collaboration with PininFarina marked the start of a partnership which would see the Italian designer producing designs for Peugeot, including those many mainstream volume models, for more than fifty years. Regarding the 403 itself there were persistent rumours that the design was one originally intended for a replacement Fiat 1900 which had been rejected when Turin had decided to defer replacement of the Fiat for another four years.

Unusual in Europe at the time were the wide, 90° opening rear doors. Also unusual were the windows in the rear doors that lowered fully, despite the intrusion of the wheel arch into the door frame.

Engine
The 403 used an enlarged version of the Peugeot 203's 1290 cc petrol engine. Displacing 1468 cc, the straight-four unit employed pushrod-actuated valves and hemispherical combustion chambers and a crossflow cylinder head to produce 58 hp-metric at about 4,900 rpm and 101 Nm of torque at 2,500 rpm. Power increased to 65 hp-metric in 1958. An unusual feature at the time was the thermostatically controlled engine fan which cut out when the engine temperature fell to 75°C and reengaged when the engine temperature increased to 84°C. Claimed advantages included an improvement in fuel consumption of between 5% and 10% according to average speed and the avoidance, under many conditions, of fan noise. A small hot water-activated heating device for the carburetor linked to the heater for the passenger cabin — operating only when the driver activated the cabin heat, but not when the ambient temperature was high enough for the heater to be left off.

A diesel powered Peugeot 403 estate was introduced in the Autumn of 1958, the first of a long line, followed by a diesel saloon a year later.

After the 203's discontinuation in 1960, a 54 hp-metric version of its 1290 cc powerplant became available as an option on a reduced specification version of the 403, branded initially as the "403 Sept" ("7") and soon afterwards as the "403 Berline Luxe". Car tax in France was mostly based on engine size, and the smaller engined 403 fell within the 7CV taxation class rather than the 8CV of the bigger version.

Transmission
The 403 used a manual 4-speed all-synchromesh transmission driving the rear wheels. The gear change lever stuck out from the right side of the steering column.

For the Paris Motor Show in October 1957 the manufacturer offered, at extra cost, an electro-magnetic Jaeger automatic clutch, activated when changing gear.

Interior
The front seats reclined, allowing their seat backs to be flush with the cushions of the rear seat, creating a "couchette".

Body variants
The wheelbase was lengthened by 240 mm for the five door Peugeot 403 "Familiale" and "Commerciale" estate versions. The Familiale provided a third row of seats and was described as a 7/8 seater while the Commerciale offered a more conventional seat configuration for an estate car.

The lengthened 403 estate had a solid rear axle fitted to an aluminum differential case. It used a manual column shift and in "Familiale" trim included fully reclinable front seats. Sunroof and steel belted radial tires were standard.

A two-door cabriolet version of the car was also offered, with a luxurious interior featuring high quality leather upholstery. In 1958 the 403 cabriolet cost 80% more than the entry level "berline grand luxe" 403 sedan, and presumably for this reason the convertible 403 was produced and sold only in very modest numbers. In the spring of 1961 production of the 403 cabriolet ended, in anticipation of the launch later that year of the manufacturer's 404 Cabriolet.

2-door pickup and 3-door van commercial variants of the 403 were also produced.

Production
 Peugeot 403 production (units):

 * 1955   .....  21,326
 * 1956   ..... 71,551
 * 1957   ...
 * 1958   ...  121,757
 * 1959   ...
 * 1960   ...
 * 1961   .....  78,296
 * 1962   ....
 * 1963   ....
 * 1964   .....  53,371
 * 1965   .....  27,296
 * 1966   .....  40,805 (incl. camionnettes)

 * This data does not include 403 based light trucks

Largely superseded by the Peugeot 404 in 1960, the 403 did remain available as a budget alternative. While the 403 saloon was taken out of production at the end of October 1966, leaving only the pickup truck (camionnette). This was supplanted by the 404 pickup in March 1967.

In addition to Argentinian and Australian production, the local Volkswagen assembler in New Zealand assembled 1,033 Peugeot 403s in just under four years, beginning in March 1960.

The Argentinian version reached 90% integration of local parts.

title: Peugeot 403


text:
Bade Ghulam Ali Khan

Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (2 April 1902 – 23 April 1968) was an Indian vocalist, from the Kasur Patiala Gharana.

Early life and background
Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan was born in Kasur, of the erstwhile Punjab Province, British India in 1902. Following partition of India in 1947, Kasur Tehsil was allocated to Pakistan. At the age of five, Bade Ghulam began training in vocal music from his chacha Kale Khan, and later from his father. He had three younger brothers namely Barkat Ali Khan, Mubarak Ali Khan and Amanat Ali Khan.

Ustad Khan Ghulam Ali Khan had two sons from his first marriage to Allah Jawai. Munawar Ali Khan, his younger son, was born in August 1930 and Karamat Ali Khan, his elder son, was born in Lahore on December 28, 1928. Seven sons were born to his elder son Karamat Ali Khan: Baqi Ali Asif Ali Mazhar Ali Khan Jawaad Ali Khan Mehdi Ali, Sajjad Ali, and Naqi Ali Khan.Out of the seven sons, three have carried on the Gharana lineage and are still singing. The singer Son Mazhar Ali Khan died in New Delhi, India, in September 2021. Three children were born to Munawar Ali Khan: two sons and a daughter, Raza Ali Khan ShaKir Ali Khan. Raza Ali Khan is carrying on the Gharana customs as well.

Singing career
Though he started his career by singing a few compositions of his late father Ali Baksh Khan and uncle Kale Khan, Bade Ghulam amalgamated the best of three traditions into his own Patiala-Kasur style: Many of his raga expositions were brief, contrary to convention, and, while he agreed that the beauty of classical music lay in leisurely improvisation, he believed that the audience would not appreciate long alaps, particularly considering his tendency towards singing for the masses. He, therefore, changed the music to what the audience wanted. He excelled at more light-hearted ragas such as: Under the pen name of Sabrang, he created many new compositions. Unlike his younger son, Munawar Ali Khan, who had an open-throated voice, Khan Sahib's voice was slurred.
 * The Behram Khani elements of Dhrupad
 * The gyrations of Jaipur and
 * The behlavas (embellishments) of Gwalior.
 * Adana
 * Bhupali
 * Hameer
 * Jaijaiwanti and
 * Jaunpuri.

After the Partition of India in 1947, Bade Ghulam Ali Khan went to his hometown Kasur in Pakistan, but moved to India later to live permanently in 1957. With the help of the Bombay Chief Minister, Morarji Desai, he acquired Indian citizenship and moved to a bungalow at Malabar Hill in Mumbai. He lived at various times in Lahore, Bombay, Calcutta, and finally Hyderabad.

For a long time, he stayed away from singing in films, despite requests and persuasion from well-known producers and music directors. Finally, after much coaxing, he was convinced by the film producer, K Asif, to sing two songs based on the ragas Sohni and Rageshri for the 1960 film Mughal-e-Azam, with music directed by Naushad. He demanded and received an extremely high price, reportedly ₹ 25,000 per song, at a time when the rates of popular and star playback singers such as Lata Mangeshkar and Mohammed Rafi were below ₹ 500 per song.

Awards and recognition

 * Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1962)
 * Sangeet Natak Akademi fellow (1967)
 * Padma Bhushan Award (1962)

Death and legacy
He died in Basheer Bagh Palace in Hyderabad on 23 April 1968 after a prolonged illness that had left him partially paralyzed in the last few years of his life. He continued to sing and perform in public with the support of his son, Munawar Ali Khan, until his death. He was buried at Daira Mir Momin cemetery in Hyderabad.

Indian film director Harisadhan Dasgupta made a documentary film about Khan in 1968, titled Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Sahib.

In 2017, the Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Yaadgaar Sabha was founded by his disciple Malti Gilani. It helps to keep his music and memory alive even today.

The main street at Basheerbagh is named Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan Marg in his honour.

title: Bade Ghulam Ali Khan


text:
2004 Ghanaian general election

General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 2004. The presidential elections resulted in a victory for incumbent John Kufuor of the New Patriotic Party (NPP), who defeated John Atta-Mills of the National Democratic Congress with 52 percent of the vote in the first round, enough to win without the need for a runoff. The parliamentary elections saw the NPP win 128 seats in the expanded 230-seat Parliament, an outright majority.

Presidential election
There were four candidates:
 * George Aggudey (Convention People's Party)
 * John Kufuor (New Patriotic Party) - incumbent
 * John Atta Mills (National Democratic Congress)
 * Edward Mahama (Grand Coalition, an alliance of the People's National Convention, Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere, and Great Consolidated Popular Party)

title: 2004 Ghanaian general election


text:
Inoue Enryō

Inoue Enryō (井上 円了) was a Japanese philosopher, Shin Buddhist priest and reformer, educator, and royalist. A key figure in the reception of Western philosophy, the emergence of modern Buddhism, and the permeation of the imperial ideology during the second half of the Meiji Era. He is the founder of Toyo University and the creator of Tetsugaku-dō Park 哲学堂公園 (Temple Garden of Philosophy) in Tokyo. Because he studied all kinds of mysterious phenomena and apparitions (妖怪) in order to debunk superstitions, he is sometimes called "Professor Specter" (妖怪博士) and the "Spook Doctor" (お化け博士).

Early Years 1858-1881
Born in a village close to Nagaoka in today's Niigata Prefecture, he was ordained as a priest in the Ōtani Branch (大谷派) of Shin Buddhism (真宗) at the age of 13. As the oldest son, he was brought up to inherit the ministry of his father's parish temple. His early education included the Chinese classics and Western subjects like geography and English. In 1878, his Buddhist order sent him to Tokyo in order to study at Japan's first modern university. Before entering Tokyo University in 1881 Inoue received additional secondary education in English, history, and mathematics in the university's Preparatory School.

Establishment 1881-1888
Registering for philosophy as single major at Tokyo University first became possible in 1881. Inoue was the first and only student in 1881 to do so. As a student, Inoue initiated Japan's first Society of Philosophy (1884). On the occasion of his graduation in 1885, he created a Philosophy Ceremony 哲学祭 that commemorated Buddha, Confucius, Socrates and Kant as the Four Sages of world philosophy. In 1887, he set up a Philosophy Publishing House 哲学書院, edited the first issue of the Journal of the Philosophy Society 『哲学会雑誌』 and founded the Philosophy Academy 哲学館 , the predecessor of today's Toyo University ( 東洋大学 ). His early works Epitome of Philosophy 『哲学要領』 (1886/86) and Outline of Ethics 『倫理通論』 (1887) are the first Japanese introductions to philosophy in East and West.

Besides establishing and popularizing philosophy, Inoue dedicated himself as a lay scholar to the critique of Christianity and the reform of Buddhism. The latter project he announced in the Prolegomena to a Living Discourse on Buddhism 『仏教活論序論』 (1887), which is the introduction to a tripartite work that aimed to give Buddhism a new doctrinal foundation for the modern world. In the Prolegomena Inoue first proclaimed his lifelong slogan "Protection of Country and Love of Truth" 護国愛理. Inoue attempted to demonstrate Buddhism's consistency with philosophical and scientific truth and its benefit to the modern Japanese nation state.

In 1886, Inoue married Yoshida Kei 吉田敬 (1862-1951) with whom he had one son, Gen'ichi 玄一 (1887-1972), and two daughters, Shigeno 滋野 (1890-1954) and Sumie 澄江 (1899-1979).

Leadership 1889-1902
In 1888, Inoue departed on his first of three world tours. The nationalist spirit he observed in the Western imperial countries and the promulgation of the Imperial Rescript on Education (1890) after his return, gave Inoue's maxim of the Protection of Country concrete meaning. The spread of the Education Rescript as the moral foundation of the rising Japanese Empire became one of his main objectives for the rest of his life.

In his lectures at the Philosophy Academy, Inoue pioneered several academic fields. Inoue's lecture records which were published as textbooks for the Academy's distance learning program cover subjects like Psychology, Pedagogy, Religious Studies, Buddhist Philosophy and the original science Inoue called Mystery Studies 妖怪学. In a large-scale project, he recorded, categorized and rationally explained every kind of folk belief and superstition he heard about in Japan. This ambitious program made him famous among his contemporaries as Doctor Specter お化け博士 or 妖怪博士.

Inoue managed the Philosophy Academy as an institution that promoted the revival of Eastern scholarship. Most pioneers of modern Buddhist studies were lecturing in the Academy. Inoue interpreted his role as a lobbyist for Buddhism in the capital and worked to consolidate the position of private education with the Ministry of Education. In 1896, Inoue was the first to be awarded a Doctor of Letters by submitting a thesis to the Faculty of Literature of Tokyo Imperial University.

Crisis 1903-1906
While Inoue was on his second world tour, the so-called Philosophy Academy Incident 哲学館事件 (1903/04) took its course. Inspectors from the Education Ministry became aware that one student received a full score in the ethics examination for answering that regicide under certain circumstances could be legitimate. The ministry threatened to close down the Academy, demanded that the responsible teacher resign and withdrew the Academy's right to grant certificates for teaching in public schools.

In the years after the Philosophy Academy Incident several factors played together which eventually led to Inoue's resignation from the Academy in 1905/06: (1) internal differences about the Academy's management, (2) estrangement from other Buddhist leaders, (3) health problems.

During the same period, Inoue started two new projects that became seminal for his late activities: the foundation of the Morality Church 修身教会 (1903) and the building of the Philosophy Shrine 哲学堂 (1904).

Independence 1906-1919
Starting in 1890, lecture tours were important for Inoue to raise funds for the Philosophy Academy. After 1906, the fund raising served to create the Temple Garden of Philosophy around the Philosophy Shrine in today's Nakano District in Tokyo. Inoue started his lecture tours during his late period in the name of the Morality Church initiative, which aimed at establishing Sunday schools in shrines and temples all over the country. In 1912, he renamed the organization into the Society for the Spread of Civic Morality 国民道徳普及会. The venue of his lectures moved away from temples into primary schools. The main objective however stayed the same, namely teaching national morals and spreading the Imperial Rescript on Education. It was Inoue's ambition to lecture literally everywhere in Japan. During his late life, he extended his radius to the new Japanese colonies in Korea, Manchuria, Hokkaidō, Sakhalin, Okinawa, Taiwan, and China.

Inoue died on June 6 1919 after giving a lecture in Dalian, China.

Works
Below is a chronological list of Inoue's monographs. Not included are travel diaries, lecture records, verse and aphorisms in Chinese, textbooks, articles, and essay collections. The listed works are accessible via the Inoue Enryo Research Database.

 * 1886/87 Epitome of Philosophy『哲学要領』(2 vols.)
 * 1886/87 An Evening of Philosophical Conversation『哲学一夕話』(3 vols.)
 * 1886/87 The Golden Compass of Truth『真理金針』(3 vols.)
 * 1887 Dark Tales of Mysteries『妖怪玄談』
 * 1887 Prolegomena to a Living Discourse on Buddhism『仏教活論序論』
 * 1887 Living Discourse on Buddhism: Refuting the False『仏教活論本論：破邪活論』
 * 1887 Fundamentals of Psychology『心理摘要』
 * 1887 Outline of Ethics『倫理通論』(2 vols.)
 * 1888 A New Theory of Religion『宗教新論』
 * 1889 Treatise on Religion and the State in Japan『日本政教論』
 * 1890 Living Discourse on Buddhism: Disclosing the Right『仏教活論本論：顕正活論』
 * 1890 Imaginary Interstellar Travelogue『星界想遊記』
 * 1891 Fundamentals of Ethics『倫理摘要』
 * 1891 A Morning of Philosophical Conversation『哲学一朝話』
 * 1892 Prolegomena to a Philosophy of the True School『真宗哲学序論』
 * 1893 Living Discourse on Loyalty and Filial Piety『忠孝活論』
 * 1893 Discussing the Relationship between Education and Religion『教育宗教関係論』
 * 1893 Proposal in Japanese Ethics『日本倫理学案』
 * 1893 Prolegomena to a Philosophy of the Zen School『禅宗哲学序論』
 * 1893/94 Lectures on Mystery Studies『妖怪学講義』
 * 1894 Fragment of a Philosophy of War『戦争哲学一斑』
 * 1895 Prolegomena to a Philosophy of the Nichiren School『日宗哲学序論』
 * 1897 The Heterodox Philosophy『外道哲学』
 * 1898 Outline of Indian Philosophy『印度哲学綱要』
 * 1898 The Pedagogical View of Life and the World: or, Theory of the Educator's Mental Peace『教育的世界観及人生観：一名教育家安心論』
 * 1898 Refuting Materialism『破唯物論』
 * 1898/1900 One Hundred Mysterious Stories『妖怪百談』(2 vols.)
 * 1899 Theory of the Immortality of the Soul『霊魂不滅論』
 * 1899 A Quick Primer to Philosophy『哲学早わかり』
 * 1901 Philosophical Soothsaying『哲学うらない』
 * 1902 The Hidden Meaning of the Rescript『勅語玄義』
 * 1902 Proposal for the Reform of Religion『宗教改革案』
 * 1903 Goblin-Theory『天狗論』
 * 1904 The Dissolution of Superstition『迷信解』
 * 1904 Psychotherapy『心理療法』
 * 1904 Dream of New Reform Devices『改良新案の夢』
 * 1909 New Proposal in Philosophy『哲学新案』
 * 1912 Japanese Buddhism『日本仏教』
 * 1912 Living Buddhism『活仏教』
 * 1913 A Glance at the World of Philosophy『哲界一瞥』
 * 1914 The True Nature of Specters『お化けの正体』
 * 1914 Life is a Battlefield『人生是れ戦場』
 * 1916 Superstition and Religion『迷信と宗教』
 * 1917 Philosophy of Struggle『奮闘哲学』
 * 1919 The True Mystery『真怪』

Influence and Evaluation
During his lifetime, Inoue was a widely read author, of whom more than ten books were translated into Chinese. His works were influential in spreading the terminology of modern East Asian humanities. Due to his prolific writing, the distance learning program of the Philosophy Academy and his lectures tours, Inoue probably had a larger audience than any other public intellectual before the First World War. He must have contributed considerably to the decline of superstition and the spread of the imperial ideology during the late Meiji period.

His prominence during his lifetime stands in stark contrast to the minimal attention paid to his work after his death. His uncritical speculative metaphysics and his ethics being based solely on imperially decreed virtues, make any future affirmative philosophical reception unlikely. Japanese Buddhist studies have passed over Inoue, because his Buddhist scholarship was not yet based on Sanskrit philology. Any philosophical discussion about the doctrinal foundations of Buddhism will nonetheless have to acknowledge Inoue's pioneering work.

In contemporary scholarship, a growing interest in his voluminous works on Mystery Studies is conceivable.

Toyo University, Tokyo University's Society of Philosophy, and the Temple Garden of Philosophy are Inoue's lasting institutional heritage.

title: Inoue Enryō


text:
Herman Charles Merivale

Herman Charles Merivale MA (27 January 1839 – 17 August 1906) was an English dramatist and poet, son of Herman Merivale. He also used the punning pseudonym Felix Dale.

Life
Herman Charles Merivale was born in London on 27 January 1839, the only son of Herman Merivale (1806–1874), a barrister and civil servant who was permanent under-secretary of the India Office, and his wife, Caroline Penelope Robinson (d. 1881), daughter of the Revd William Villiers Robinson. Merivale was educated at Harrow School and Balliol College, Oxford, where Algernon Charles Swinburne and Charles Bowen were his contemporaries. He graduated BA in 1861. At his father's home he met many distinguished men, including Lord Robert Cecil (afterwards Prime Minister Lord Salisbury), who became a lifelong friend. His friends in literary and dramatic circles included William Makepeace Thackeray, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Matthew Arnold, Anthony Trollope, W. S. Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, Edmund Yates, Charles Dickens and others. Following his father's death in 1874 he gave up the law in favour of literature and the theatre. Merivale wrote many farces and burlesques. For John Hollingshead he produced a burlesque, The Lady of Lyons Married and Settled, performed at the Gaiety Theatre (1878), and Called There and Back (1884). The Butler (1886) and The Don (1888) were both written for the actor J. L. Toole. In writing The Don, and other works, Merivale was assisted by his wife, Elizabeth, the daughter of John Pittman, whom he married in London on 13 May 1878.

During the 1870s, he was a resident of Ticehurst House Hospital after suffering depression for many years following a breakdown. He wrote of his experiences there in a book called My Experiences in a Lunatic Asylum by a Sane Patient. In 1879 he went to Australia on the advice of his physician, and then returned with his health recovered, only to discover that the power of attorney he had left with a defaulting solicitor had cost him his entire fortune.

A few years before his death Merivale became a Roman Catholic. He died suddenly of heart failure on 14 January 1906 at 69 Woodstock Road, Acton, Middlesex, and was buried in his father's grave in Brompton Cemetery. He had no children, and his widow was granted a civil-list pension of £50 in 1906.

Works

 * A Husband in Clover (1873), farce
 * All For Her (1875), drama
 * Forget Me Not (1879), drama (with Florence Crauford Grove)
 * My Experience in a Lunatic Asylum, by a Sane Patient. London: Chatto and Windus (1879)
 * Faucit Of Balliol (1882), novel
 * The White Pilgrim (1883), drama
 * Binko's Blues (1884)
 * Florien (1884), drama
 * The Butler (1886), drama
 * The Don (1888)
 * A Life of Thackeray (1891) biography, with Frank T. Marzials
 * The Lady of Lyons Married and Settled, Victorian burlesque of The Lady of Lyons
 * Peacock's Holiday, farce
 * A Son of the Soil, drama
 * Bar, Stage and Platform, autobiographical memories (1902)

title: Herman Charles Merivale


text:
Philhellenism

Philhellenism ("the love of Greek culture") was an intellectual movement prominent mostly at the turn of the 19th century. It contributed to the sentiments that led Europeans such as Lord Byron, Charles Nicolas Fabvier and Richard Church to advocate for Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire.

The later 19th-century European philhellenism was largely to be found among the Classicists.

Philhellenes in antiquity
In antiquity, the term philhellene ("the admirer of Greeks and everything Greek"), from the (φιλέλλην, from φίλος - philos, "friend", "lover" + Ἕλλην - Hellen, "Greek") was used to describe both non-Greeks who were fond of ancient Greek culture and Greeks who patriotically upheld their culture. The Liddell-Scott Greek-English Lexicon defines 'philhellene' as "fond of the Hellenes, mostly of foreign princes, as Amasis; of Parthian kings[...]; also of Hellenic tyrants, as Jason of Pherae and generally of Hellenic (Greek) patriots. According to Xenophon, an honorable Greek should also be a philhellene.

Some examples:
 * Evagoras of Cyprus and Philip II were both called "philhellenes" by Isocrates
 * The early rulers of the Parthian Empire, starting with Mithridates I (r. 171–132 BC), used the title of philhellenes on their coins, which was a political act done in order to establish friendly relations with their Greek subjects.
 * Following the example of the Parthians, Tigranes adopted the title of Philhellene (friend of the Greeks). The layout of his capital Tigranocerta was an example of Greek architecture.

Roman philhellenes
The literate upper classes of Ancient Rome were increasingly Hellenized in their culture during the 3rd century BC.

Among Romans the career of Titus Quinctius Flamininus (died 174 BC), who appeared at the Isthmian Games in Corinth in 196 BC and proclaimed the freedom of the Greek states, was fluent in Greek, stood out, according to Livy, as a great admirer of Greek culture. The Greeks hailed him as their liberator. There were some Romans during the late Republic, who were distinctly anti-Greek, resenting the increasing influence of Greek culture on Roman life, an example being the Roman Censor, Cato the Elder and Cato the Younger, who lived during the "Greek invasion" of Rome but towards the later years of his life he eventually became a philhellene after his stay in Rhodes.

The lyric poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus was another philhellene. He is notable for his words, "Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit et artis intulit agresti Latio" (Conquered Greece took captive her savage conqueror and brought her arts into rustic Latium), meaning that after the conquest of Greece the defeated Greeks created a cultural hegemony over the Romans.

Roman emperors known for their philhellenism include Nero, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius and Julian the Apostate.

Modern times
In the period of political reaction and repression after the fall of Napoleon, when the liberal-minded, educated and prosperous middle and upper classes of European societies found the Romantic nationalism of 1789–1792 repressed by the restoration of absolute monarchy at home, the idea of the re-creation of a Greek state on the very territories that were sanctified by their view of Antiquity—which was reflected even in the furnishings of their own parlors and the contents of their bookcases—offered an ideal, set at a romantic distance. Under these conditions, the Greek uprising constituted a source of inspiration and expectations that could never actually be fulfilled, disappointing what Paul Cartledge called "the Victorian self-identification with the Glory that was Greece". American higher education was fundamentally transformed by the rising admiration of and identification with ancient Greece in the 1830s and afterward.

Another popular subject of interest in Greek culture at the turn of the 19th century was the shadowy Scythian philosopher Anacharsis, who lived in the 6th century BC. The new prominence of Anacharsis was sparked by Jean-Jacques Barthélemy's fanciful Travels of Anacharsis the Younger in Greece (1788), a learned imaginary travel journal, one of the first historical novels, which a modern scholar has called "the encyclopedia of the new cult of the antique" in the late 18th century. It had a high impact on the growth of philhellenism in France: the book went through many editions, was reprinted in the United States and was translated into German and other languages. It later inspired European sympathy for the Greek War of Independence and spawned sequels and imitations throughout the 19th century.

In German culture the first phase of philhellenism can be traced in the careers and writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, one of the inventors of art history, Friedrich August Wolf, who inaugurated modern Homeric scholarship with his Prolegomena ad Homerum (1795) and the enlightened bureaucrat Wilhelm von Humboldt. It was also in this context that Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Hölderlin were to compose poetry and prose in the field of literature, elevating Hellenic themes in their works. One of the most renowned German philhellenes of the 19th century was Friedrich Nietzsche. In the German states, the private obsession with ancient Greece took public forms, institutionalizing an elite philhellene ethos through the Gymnasium, to revitalize German education at home, and providing on two occasions high-minded philhellene German princes ignorant of modern-day Greek realities, to be Greek sovereigns.

During the later 19th century the new studies of archaeology and anthropology began to offer a quite separate view of ancient Greece, which had previously been experienced second-hand only through Greek literature, Greek sculpture and architecture. Twentieth-century heirs of the 19th-century view of an unchanging, immortal quality of "Greekness" are typified in J. C. Lawson's Modern Greek Folklore and Ancient Greek Religion (1910) or R. and E. Blum's The Dangerous Hour: The lore of crisis and mystery in rural Greece (1970).

According to the Classicist Paul Cartledge, they "represent this ideological construction of Greekness as an essence, a Classicizing essence to be sure, impervious to such historic changes as that from paganism to Orthodox Christianity, or from subsistence peasant agriculture to more or less internationally market-driven capitalist farming."

The Philhellenic movement led to the introduction of Classics or Classical studies as a key element in education, introduced in the Gymnasien in Prussia. In England the main proponent of Classics in schools was Thomas Arnold, headmaster at Rugby School.

Nikos Dimou's The Misfortune to be Greek argues that the Philhellenes' expectation for the modern Greek people to live up to their ancestors' allegedly glorious past has always been a burden upon the Greeks themselves. In particular, Western Philhellenism focused exclusively on the heritage of Classical Greece, while negating or rejecting the heritage of the Byzantine Empire and the Greek Orthodox Church, which for the Greek people are at least as important.

Philhellenism and art
Philhellenism also created a renewed interest in the artistic movement of Neoclassicism, which idealized fifth-century Classical Greek art and architecture, very much at second hand, through the writings of the first generation of art historians, like Johann Joachim Winckelmann and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing.

The groundswell of the Philhellenic movement was result of two generations of intrepid artists and amateur treasure-seekers, from Stuart and Revett, who published their measured drawings as The Antiquities of Athens and culminating with the removal of sculptures from Aegina and the Parthenon (the Elgin Marbles), works that inspired the British Philhellenes, many of whom, however, deplored their removal.

Philhellenism in the Greek War of Independence and later
Many well-known philhellenes supported the Greek Independence Movement such as Shelley, Thomas Moore, Leigh Hunt, Cam Hobhouse, Walter Savage Landor and Jeremy Bentham.

Some, notably Lord Byron, even took up arms to join the Greek revolutionaries. Many more financed the revolution or contributed through their artistic work.

Throughout the 19th century, philhellenes continued to support Greece politically and militarily. For example, Ricciotti Garibaldi led a volunteer expedition (Garibaldini) in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. A group of Garibaldini, headed by the Greek poet Lorentzos Mavilis, fought also with the Greek side during the Balkan Wars.

Notable 20th- and 21st-century philhellenes

 * Albert Einstein, a German-born theoretical physicist widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest physicists of all time
 * Stephen Fry, English actor and writer
 * Giuseppe Garibaldi II, Italian soldier and revolutionary, grandson of Giuseppe Garibaldi and son of Ricciotti Garibaldi
 * Ricciotti Garibaldi, Italian soldier, son of Giuseppe Garibaldi
 * David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Boris Johnson, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
 * Dilys Powell, film critic, author of several books about Greece, and president of the Classical Association 1966–1967
 * Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia
 * Christopher Hitchens, British-American author and journalist

title: Philhellenism


text:
The House (radio program)

The House is a Canadian national politics and current affairs radio program, airing nationally on Saturday mornings on CBC Radio One with repeat broadcasts Saturday nights. The show's contents and format are similar to a television Sunday morning talk show. It is produced from the studios of CBO-FM at the CBC Ottawa Broadcast Centre in Ottawa, Ontario.

The program's current host is Catherine Cullen.

History
The program debuted on October 22, 1977, soon after the rules of the House of Commons of Canada were changed to permit radio and television broadcasts of the chamber's proceedings. The program's original concept was to simply record and air House debates, although the producers soon decided to add interview and journalism segments to broaden the program's scope and appeal.

In late 2001 and early 2002, during the same repositioning process that ultimately saw the network's weekday morning program This Morning replaced with The Current and Sounds Like Canada, media began to report that The House was also slated for cancellation. The CBC acknowledged that the show's future was under consideration, but denied that any decision to cancel it had already been made. When the CBC formally announced its new programming lineup in May 2002, The House remained on the schedule.

Content
The content is focused on interviews with Canadian politicians, advocates, and commentators, with infrequent radio documentaries and a weekly "in-House panel" discussion featuring a rotating roster of CBC and external political journalists including Terry Milewski, Rosemary Barton, Ici RDI's Emmanuelle Latraverse, Joël-Denis Bellavance of La Presse, and pundit Tasha Kheiriddin. In the late 2000s, it also featured a segment called "That's a Good Question," in which Kady O'Malley answered listener questions about political processes.

Apart from the serious current affairs pieces, the show has also aired some complementary entertainment features. These have included "Beat the House," where listeners are challenged to guess the identity of the mystery guest who was a notable figure in recent Canadian political news who gives a series of clues, and "A Little Housecleaning," which features political satirical humour. The Christmas episode is reserved for an annual holiday House Quiz, a game show-format political trivia competition featuring a panel of CBC journalists as competitors, each equipped with a different humorous noisemaker used to claim precedence in answering questions posed by the host about news stories from throughout the year.

The digital archive on the CBC's website includes selected segments from the program dating as far back as 1978.

Hosts
The program's original host was Marguerite McDonald. Since then, it has been hosted by Stephen Boissonneault, Denise Rudnicki, Judy Morrison (1980s), Jason Moscovitz (1990s), Anthony Germain (2001–2006), Kathleen Petty (2006–2011) and Evan Solomon (2011–2015).

After Solomon's dismissal from the CBC in June 2015, Rosemary Barton hosted the first episode, while parliamentary reporter Chris Hall hosted thereafter.

Hall retired from the CBC in June 2022.

On August 17, 2022, it was announced that Catherine Cullen will be the new permanent host.

title: The House (radio program)


text:
E. C. R. Lorac

Edith Caroline Rivett (6 May 1894 – 2 July 1958) was a British crime writer, who wrote under the pseudonyms E. C. R. Lorac, Carol Carnac and Mary Le Bourne during the golden age of detective fiction.

Childhood
The youngest daughter of Harry (1861–1900) and Beatrice Rivett (née Foot; 1868–1943), Edith was born in Hendon, Middlesex, (now London) on 6 May 1894. She had two sisters, Gladys and Maud. In 1898 the family emigrated to Australia, for warm weather to treat Harry Rivett's tuberculosis. This was unsuccessful, and in 1900 the family returned, travelling on the SS Illawarra. Harry Rivett died on the voyage, and was buried at sea.

When the family reached London, they were literally penniless but were received into the welcoming, if crowded, household of Beatrice Rivett's father, Edward Foot, and the widow found employment as an assistant rate collector. Edith attended South Hampstead High School, and the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London and she continued as a craft practitioner throughout her life; her work included embroidery and calligraphy that has been on display at Westminster Abbey.

Literary career
She published her first detective novel in 1931; this was The Murder on the Burrows, a well-crafted debut which launched her detective Macdonald on a career that was to last for more than a quarter of a century. Nine Lorac novels were published by Sampson Low, earning increasingly favourable reviews, before she moved to the more prestigious imprint of Collins Crime Club in 1936, with Crime Counter Crime, set during a General Election. She remained a Crime Club stalwart for the rest of her life.

John Curran, historian of the Crime Club, argues that she was especially well served by the designers of the cover artwork for her books, and this is no doubt one of the factors that has made her work especially collectable. First editions in the attractive dust jackets of the period can now change hands—on the rare occasions when they come on to the market—for thousands of pounds.

She was equally at home with urban and rural settings. Her early books include Murder in St John’s Wood and Murder in Chelsea, while two other books set in London, Bats in the Belfry and the war-time mystery Murder by Matchlight.

Like Rosanne Manaton, a character in her Checkmate to Murder, she was artistic and had an interest in ski-ing; the winter sport plays a central part in her Carol Carnac novel Crossed Skis, also published by the British Library. In November 1940, having been evacuated to Devon, she wrote to a friend about the horrors of living through a war. Referring to the death of one of her oldest friends, killed while fire-fighting, she said: “Most of my other friends have been bombed or burnt out of their homes. What a sickening insanity it all is.”

Personal life and death
Remaining unmarried, she lived her last years with her elder sister, Gladys Rivett (1891–1966), in Lonsdale, Lancashire. She became a popular figure in the village while continuing to work productively as a detective novelist. To this day, she is remembered in the local community as spirited and strong-willed, a woman with a strong social conscience. Edith Rivett died at the Caton Green Nursing Home, Caton-with-Littledale, near Lancaster. According to the probate records for her will, she left an estate valued at £10,602, 16 shillings [about £250,000 in 2020]. Rivett is buried in the churchyard at St Saviour's Church, Aughton.

Westminster Abbey holds a number of works by the Sheffield-trained silversmith Omar Ramsden. One of these was given by Miss Carol Rivett in memory of her grandfather, Edward Smith Foot. It is a silver alms dish of hammer and repousse work. She also donated a tunicle (the vestment worn by a subdeacon) to the Abbey.

Legacy
As of 2021, the British Library has included eight novels by E.C.R. Lorac in its "Crime Classics" series of re-issued works: Fire in the Thatch; Bats in the Belfry; Murder by Matchlight; Murder in the Mill-Race; Fell Murder; Checkmate to Murder and Crossed Skis. A previously unpublished late work, Two-Way Murder, was added in 2021; the original manuscript was under a new pen name, 'Mary le Bourne', but has been published by the British Library as by E.C.R. Lorac. The back cover of the re-issued, Fire in the Thatch: A Devon Mystery (originally published in 1946), declares that, "Her books have been almost entirely neglected since her death, but deserve rediscovery as fine examples of classic British crime fiction in its golden age."

As E. C. R. Lorac
Most of these books feature her main series character, Chief Inspector Robert Macdonald, a "London Scot" and an avowed bachelor with a love for walking in the English countryside. In 28 of these books, he has the help of his assistant, Detective Inspector Reeves.
 * The Murder on the Burrows (1931)
 * The Affair on Thor's Head (1932)
 * The Greenwell Mystery (1932)
 * The Case of Colonel Marchand (1933)
 * Death on the Oxford Road (1933)
 * Murder in St. John's Wood (1934)
 * Murder in Chelsea (1934)
 * The Organ Speaks (1935)
 * Death of an Author (1935) not featuring MacDonald
 * Crime Counter Crime (1936)
 * A Pall for a Painter (1936)
 * Post After Post-Mortem (1936)
 * These Names Make Clues (1937)
 * Bats in the Belfry (1937)
 * The Devil and the C.I.D. (1938)
 * Slippery Staircase (1938)
 * John Brown's Body (1939)
 * Black Beadle (1939)
 * Tryst for a Tragedy (1940)
 * Death at Dyke's Corner (1940)
 * Case in the Clinic (1941)
 * Rope's End, Rogue's End (1942)
 * The Sixteenth Stair (1942)
 * Death Came Softly (1943)
 * Fell Murder (1944) [agricultural setting in Lancashire]
 * Checkmate to Murder (1944)
 * Murder by Matchlight (1945)
 * Fire in the Thatch (1946)
 * The Theft of the Iron Dogs (1946); U.S. title Murderer's Mistake (1947)
 * Relative to Poison (1947)
 * Death Before Dinner (1948); U.S. title A Screen for Murder (1948)
 * Part for a Poisoner (1948); U.S. title Place for a Poisoner (1948)
 * Still Waters (1949)
 * Policemen in the Precinct (1949); U.S. title And Then Put Out the Light (1949)
 * Accident by Design (1950)
 * Murder of a Martinet (1951); U.S. title I Could Murder Her (1951)
 * The Dog It Was That Died (1952)
 * Murder in the Mill-Race (1952); U.S. title Speak Justly of the Dead (1953)
 * Crook O'Lune (1953); U.S. title Shepherd's Crook (1953)
 * Shroud of Darkness (1954)
 * Let Well Alone (1954)
 * Ask a Policeman (1955)
 * Murder in Vienna (1956)
 * Dangerous Domicile (1957)
 * Picture of Death (1957)
 * Murder on a Monument (1958)
 * Death in Triplicate (1958) Non-MacDonald story featuring Superintendent Kempson; U.S. title People Will Talk (1958)
 * Dishonour Among Thieves (1959); U.S. title The Last Escape (1959)
 * Two-Way Murder (published posthumously in 2021)

As Carol Carnac
They feature three different series characters. The first one is Inspector Ryvet, a homophonous allusion to her own surname. The other two are Chief Inspector Julian Rivers (who appears in 15 books), and his assistant, Inspector Lansing, who appears in 18 cases (four of them with Ryvet.)
 * Triple Death (1936)
 * Murder at Mornington (1937)
 * The Missing Rope (1937)
 * When the Devil Was Sick (1939)
 * The Case of the First Class Carriage (1939)
 * Death in the Diving Pool (1940)
 * A Double for Detection (1945)
 * The Striped Suitcase (1946)
 * Clue Sinister (1947)
 * Over the Garden Wall (1948)
 * Upstairs Downstairs (1950)
 * Copy for Crime (1950)
 * It's Her Own Funeral (1951)
 * Crossed Skis (1952)
 * Murder as a Fine Art (1953)
 * A Policeman at the Door (1953)
 * Impact of Evidence (1954)
 * Murder among Members (1955)
 * Rigging the Evidence (1955)
 * The Double Turn (1956)
 * The Burning Question (1957)
 * Long Shadows (1958) (U.S. title: Affair at Helen's Court)
 * Death of a Lady Killer (1959)

As Mary Le Bourne

 * Two-Way Murder (2021)

As Carol Rivett

 * Outer Circle (1939)
 * A Time Remembered (1940)
 * Island Spell (1951)

Unpublished Novels

 * Forty Years On.
 * [Untitled]. An unfinished detective story.

Short stories

 * 'Chance Is a Great Thing'. (London) Evening Standard, 8 August 1950.
 * 'Remember to Ring Twice'. MacKill's Mystery Magazine, September 1952.
 * 'Death at the Bridge Table'. MacKill's Mystery Magazine, October 1952.
 * 'Permanent Policeman'. MacKill's Mystery Magazine, March 1953.
 * 'A Bit of Wire-Pulling'. The Saint Detective Magazine, October 1955.
 * 'Half-Term Hold-Up'.

Radio play

 * 'Bubble, Bubble, Toil and Trouble'. BBC Light Programme (Mystery Playhouse presents 'THE DETECTION CLUB'), 17 February 1948.

Stage plays and sketches

 * 'Death in Park Lane'. Dorchester Hotel, Park Lane, London, 13 July 1951. A single performance presented by St James Theatre Company at a luncheon to mark the 21st anniversary of Collins Crime Club imprint.

title: E. C. R. Lorac


text:
William Drayton

William Drayton (December 30, 1776 –May 24, 1846) was an American politician, banker, and writer who grew up in Charleston, South Carolina. He was the son of William Drayton Sr., who served as justice of the Province of East Florida (1765–1780).

Drayton served as a United States Representative to Congress (1825–1833). Following the Nullification Crisis, as a unionist Drayton decided to move his family to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1833 and lived there the rest of his life.

Early life and education
The son of William Drayton Sr. and his wife, William was born in St. Augustine in East Florida (then a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain), where his father served from 1765 to 1780 as the chief justice for the Province of East Florida. In 1780 the judge lost his position due to accusations of sympathy with rebels in the American Revolutionary War; he returned with his family to Charleston. He had bought property and plantations in Florida, including what became known as Drayton Island.

The Drayton sons were sent to England to complete their educations. Afterward, with his older brother Jacob, William studied law in Charleston. Both became lawyers.

Marriage and family
About 1804 William Drayton married Anna Gadsden (d. 1814), a cousin once removed. They had four children:
 * Emma Gadsden (c. 1804 – 1840)
 * Thomas Fenwick (1809–1891), became a Confederate Army general
 * Percival (1812–1865), became a career US Naval officer
 * William Sidney (b. c. 1814 – 1860), became a US Naval officer and shipping businessman

After Anna's death, in 1817 Drayton married Maria Heyward. Two of their five children survived to adulthood. Maria Heyward Drayton was also close to her young stepchildren.:
 * William Heyward, became a lawyer in Philadelphia.
 * Henry Edward, became a doctor in Philadelphia. The two younger Drayton brothers married the sisters Harriet and Sarah Coleman, respectively.

Thomas Drayton, a West Point graduate, stayed in South Carolina when the family moved north and bought a plantation at Hilton Head. He resigned from the US Army to join Confederate forces after secession. He and his brother Percival "commanded opposing forces" in the battle of Port Royal, South Carolina, when Union forces captured the forts.

Career
William Drayton served in the War of 1812, where he was commissioned as a colonel (a rank he used all his life). In a November 12, 1816, letter to president-elect James Monroe, Andrew Jackson recommended, unsuccessfully, that Drayton, a Federalist who had shown loyalty to the Madison administration and the union through his military service, be appointed Secretary of War to heal the breach between the Federalist Party, now largely moribund on the national level, and the Republicans. Colonel Drayton was elected in 1824 to represent South Carolina's first district in the U.S. Congress, and served from 1825 to 1833 with repeated re-election.

A unionist during the nullification controversy, in 1833 he moved his family to Philadelphia. Two years later in 1835, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. While a unionist, Drayton continued to support slavery. In Philadelphia he wrote and published The South Vindicated from the Treason and Fanaticism of the Abolitionists (1836), a pro-slavery tract. He briefly became the president of the defunct Second Bank of the United States in 1841.

Drayton died on May 24, 1846, in Philadelphia and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery.

Legacy and honors

 * His papers are held by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
 * The author Edgar Allan Poe dedicated his collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840) to him.

title: William Drayton