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Ruby Lin

Ruby Lin Xin-ru (born January 27, 1976) is a Taiwanese actress, television and film producer, and pop singer. American entertainment critic Derek Elley named Lin as "Taiwan's TV Drama Queen".

3 years after Lin made her acting debut in a TV commercial, she rose to national and regional prominence overnight for her role as Xia Ziwei in the TV series My Fair Princess 还珠格格 (1998-1999). My Fair Princess was highly popular in East and Southeast countries; launching Lin as a household name in Asia. She followed the success with other hit series including The Duke of Mount Deer (2000), Romance in the Rain (2001), Boy & Girl (2003), Affair of Half a Lifetime (2004), Beauty's Rival in Palace (2010), The Glamorous Imperial Concubine (2011) and The Way We Were (2014).

While focusing mostly on TV series, her works also include film such as The House That Never Dies (2014), The Devotion of Suspect X (2017) and Miss Andy (2020). In 1999, she also began a singing career with her debut album Heartbeat released in Hong Kong first amongst Asian countries, and has since released 5 albums.

Since Lin started her own studio in 2009, she has been producing TV dramas and TV films starring herself, both in mainland China and Taiwan. Her production debut The Glamorous Imperial Concubine (2011) won her Best Producer at the 2012 TV Drama Awards Made in China, and her first Taiwanese drama production The Way We Were (2014) won three out of seven nominations, including Best Television Series at the 50th Golden Bell Awards.

According to Apple Daily, Lin was the third highest-earning Taiwanese drama actress in 2011, and the top-earning in 2012 and 2013. Lin ranked 30th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 36th in 2014, 82nd in 2015, and 68th in 2017.

Early life
Lin was born and raised in Taipei, Taiwan, the eldest of four children, having one brother a year younger the other, six years younger, and a half-sister, ten years younger, from her father's second marriage. Her father was a businessman, and her mother a housewife. Her English name is from her mother's love of the jewel. After her parents' divorce, when Lin was seven years old, she lived with her mother, who took her to visit relatives in Japan every year. She graduated from Ri Xin Primary School and Zhong Dian High School. Lin originally planned on going to the United Kingdom to study after high school graduation but she didn't, never considering the prospect of an acting career. However, she began her acting career at age seventeen as a part-time model. Her first TV commercial was for Jasmine Tea in 1994.

Lin's parents did not like the idea of their daughter being involved in the entertainment industry, but she decided to pursue an acting career. After appearing in many commercials, her parents finally agreed to allow her to sign a contract with an entertainment-management company. Following high school graduation, Lin joined Jessie and Jones Entertainment Ltd on her 20th birthday. Over the years, she has also helped her parents to reconcile.

Early work: 1995–1996
When Lin received her first experience in front of the camera in 1995, for a minor role, she started to develop a passion for acting. After filming her first TV commercial, Lin caught the attention of TV and film directors, and many companies began seeking her for roles. She received her first role in the film School Days, with Jimmy Lin and Takeshi Kaneshiro. From 1995 to 1997 after MD completed, Lin had roles in several Taiwanese TV series and began to attract attention and buzz from the media. In 1996, Lin went to China for the first time to film; she considered this a period of valuable experience and a time that she began to learn about acting. "I was in my second year of high school when I first got involved in film & TV industry. I thought there would be other opportunities for me to study abroad, but one does not bump into the opportunity to be in a film every day. So, I just went and had a try. I told myself that if my filming career didn't work out, then I could still go back to school. But things are not always as they may have appeared to be."

Breakthrough: 1997–2001
After playing minor roles in various series and films, Lin was selected by Taiwanese writer Chiung Yao to audition for a main role in the comedic period drama My Fair Princess, a joint production by mainland China and Taiwan which was adapted from Chiung Yao's own novel. Originally picked for the role of Princess Saiya, Lin was ultimately chosen by the company to play Xia Ziwei instead, as the actress scheduled to play the main role was unavailable. "After it was decided that I played the role of Ziwei, I got the script only three days before I had to leave for filming. And that was also the first time I was leaving my native place for such a long time for filming and I had to overcome the challenges of being in an unfamiliar environment. (Taiwan Cover story Interview in 2001)"

The drama quickly became a phenomenal sensation, appealing to large audiences in mainland China, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. Lin rose to prominence and became a household name overnight.

After My Fair Princess, Lin starred in a number of successful television series. In 2000 she starred in Hong Kong TVB's production of The Duke of Mount Deer with Dicky Cheung, Shu Qi and other well-known artists. In this series, Lin played Princess Jian Ning – a sassy, funny girl. This role demonstrated her acting range, since it differed from the nice, sweet image she had developed from her role in My Fair Princess. The following year, she starred in Romance in the Rain, a costume drama based in the 1930s and 1940s, also written by Chiung Yao. The series was a commercial success and recorded the highest ratings of the year. For two consecutive years (2000 and 2001), Lin was included in the Top Ten Most Famous Asian Superstars. The same year, she was selected in fourth place in "Malaysia 2001 Heavenly Kings & Queens".

As Lin felt she had achieved all she could in television, she started venturing into films. In 2000, she appeared in three Hong Kong films - Winner Takes All, Comic King and the action movie China Strike Force with Aaron Kwok and Taiwanese actor-singer Leehom Wang. Although Lin had only a supporting role, she considered it a learning experience. With these films, she made inroads into the Hong Kong market.

Mainstream success: 2002–2005
Since 2002, Lin focused on her career in mainland China. In 2003, she starred in three series - Half Life Fate (Pinyin: Ban Sheng Yuan) (adapted from Zhang Ailing's novel Eighteen Springs), Boy & Girl and Flying Daggers. Lin was chosen for the female lead in the TV version of Half Life Fate; the film version was directed by Ann Hui, a well-known Asian director. For Lin, it was a challenging role and she was under pressure.

Lin's work yielded good results; her performance enhanced her fame, earning accolades for capturing her screen character Man Zhen's 14 years of arduous life. The series was broadcast in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea. The same year, Lin also appeared in the youth romantic TV series Boy & Girl; it was broadcast in China by CCTV, receiving the highest rating of all series aired in 2003. With this series, Lin was selected one of the Top 10 actresses of the year; of those 10 actresses, she was the only one from Taiwan. She then appeared in the ancient martial arts TV series Flying Daggers, based on Gu Long's novel. It was her first martial-arts series, and Lin played against type – portraying a cold assassin, rather than her usual gentle damsel. These three series were released in 2003 throughout Asia, contributing to Lin's rise in popularity and recognition. Though Lin focused on TV series, she continued to appear in films such as the adventure drama Life Express (with Richie Ren) and the romantic comedy Love Trilogy (with Francis Ng and Anita Yuen), which was relatively successful in China.

Lin sparked a trend towards China-Korea collaborations when she starred in the 2004 production Amor de Tarapaca (co-starring Korean actor Han Jae Suk). Lin was involved in another original Korean screenplay Magic Touch of Fate, co-starring Taiwanese actor Alec Su and Korean idol Kangta. This series is the highest-budgeted miniseries in Asian television history (as of 2011). By this time, Lin had been in show business for almost a decade, with nearly non-stop filming. She wanted to go back to school; since high school, studying abroad had been her dream. In the winter of 2004, after filming Magic Touch of Fate, Lin decided to study language and acting for three months in New York City. While she was there, Lin studied English at Study Group International and performance at the New York Film Academy.

Returning home to Taiwan with a new passion for acting in February 2005, Lin starred in Paris Sonata. For her role in Paris Sonata, she learned to play piano two months before filming. After Paris Sonata, she selected the TV drama Sound of Colors (a remake of Jimmy Liao's book) as her next work, portraying a blind radio DJ. Lin's performance as a blind girl received good reviews from audiences and the news media. This drama was broadcast in many countries, including Hong Kong, Taiwan, Philippines, Vietnam and the United States. This was followed by the dramas Star Boulevard and Da Li Princess, which were expected to be released in 2008 by CCTV.

Another Milestone : 2006–2009
In 2006, Lin's starred in the television series Ancestral Temple where she further expanded her acting range. After three months of filming in Huang Shan, China, the series was completed at the end of October 2006. Its broadcast by CCTV-1 was planned for 2008. On June 6, 2006, Lin won the Most Popular Actress in Taiwan award at the 2nd Chinese TV Drama Award ceremony in Beijing. She has also been regularly featured in polls as one of the Top 10 contemporary Chinese actors.

At the end of 2006, Lin bid farewell to her management company Zhong Jie, after a 10-year relationship, and on November 30, 2006 ceremoniously signed with Huayi Brothers Film and Television group for a reported $10 million. Hua Yi Bros. is (as of 2011) the largest management and domestic movie-making company in China. In September 2007, she guest-starred in CCTV's historical drama Su DongPo. In this series she played the first wife of Su Dongpo (writer, poet, artist, calligrapher, pharmacologist, and statesman of the Song Dynasty, one of the major poets of the time), played by Lu Yi.

After filming the digital film Evening of Roses, Lin took on more challenging roles. In late 2007, she co-starred as Daji with Ray Lui in The Legend and the Hero 2 (also known as Fengshen Bang), one of the major vernacular Chinese novels written during the Ming Dynasty. After speculation over who would receive the leading role of Daji (who was known for her beauty and cruelty which ruined a dynasty), the role was offered to Lin. When Lin committed to play Daji, she could not escape comparison with Fan Bingbing, who played the same role in the first part of the series. Lin's performance received generally positive comments from media. NetandTV commented, "In comparison to the previous version, the bright spot in this new version's Daji gets a new makeover. Ruby Lin's look gave Daji a brand-new definition". Lin has often said "comparing with other people is meaningless, I just wants [sic] a breakthrough from past looks, to surpass myself."

In 2008, Lin returned to Taiwan for the series Love in Sun Moon Lake, playing an aboriginal woman; this was the first TV series to obtain permission for mainland Chinese actors to film in Taiwan. It was also announced that Lin had been cast as Sun Shangxiang in the new Romance of the Three Kingdoms TV adaptation directed by Gao Xixi, titled Three Kingdoms. The series was aired in May 2010, and was well-received both domestically and internationally, earning an estimated 800 million RMB (133.3 million USD) by 2012.

In early 2009, she was cast in Fallen City. In this film, Lin plays a rebellious woman during the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. In July 2009, Lin starred as Empress Dou in the Chinese big-budget historical fiction television drama Beauty's Rival in Palace. For her role in the series, Lin received a salary of 150,000 renminbi per episode. When the series premièred on a Shanghai TV station in March 2010 with the highest rating of the year, Lin got positive reviews from audiences and critics. It was reported that Beauty's Rival in Palace sold well in the Korean and Japanese markets, due to Ruby Lin's unwavering popularity in Asia. Beauty's Rival in Palace is another milestone in Lin's career.

Challenge : 2010–2011
In May 2010, her first stage play, Sweet Sweet Love, began a Chinese tour. The play is based on the 1996 Hong Kong romantic film Comrades: Almost a Love Story, which starred Maggie Cheung and Leon Lai. During its three-month run, it was performed in four cities: Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou and Shenzhen. Due to popular demand, a fifth city (Nanchang) was added.

In June, Lin played a psychiatrist in the romantic film You Deserve To Be Single with Mike He and David Wu. For her performance, Lin was nominated for the 2010 Shanghai International Film Festival Press Prize as Best Actress. She also won the 2010 Vietnam DAN Movie Award for Favorite Taiwanese Actress. After that, Lin starred in Zhang Yang's film Driverless as a self-motivated businesswomen. Director Zhang Yang commented, "Ruby has a rare ability, all her emotions seem genuine". She received critical acclaim for her performance by audiences and media - "Without a doubt, Ruby Lin's wonderful range of emotions really steals the show. She delicately unveils the depths of a struggle during hard time of her life, both strong and brave yet desire to be protected."

After the success of Beauty's Rival in Palace, Lin was cast a starring role for well-known Chinese TV series by director Gao Xixi. This series Monopoly Exposure was written by Hai Yan (海岩), many of whose books have been successfully adapted for TV dramas.

2010 was a successful year for Lin. She won the Most Popular Actress award (voted online by residents of Asian countries) at the 5th Seoul International Drama Awards. According to Yahoo Korea, Lin was voted best actress with 17,358 votes followed by Fan Bingbing, Li Kun Wang and Yao Chen. Also in late 2010, Lin won the Favorite Actress of the Year award for her performance in Beauty's Rival in Palace at the annual TV Drama Awards Made in China and the QQ Annual Entertainment Star award. For her achievements in films and television series, Korean media dubbed her Taiwan's number-one actress and goddess of ancient Chinese series.

In January 2011, Lin started her first project The Glamorous Imperial Concubine as a producer. This series achieved excellent ratings and Lin won "Best producer of the year" award. She was also nominated as Best TV actress at the 2012 Huading Awards. Lin returned to the film industry again, playing a mom with two kids in the film Blood Stained Shoes, directed by Raymond Yip. The film ranked 2nd on "Top 10 box-office ranking in Chinese horror film chart". The media said that Lin's image was far removed from that which she has previously portrayed in other works.

In October 2011, Lin started on her second production, Taiwanese idol drama Drama Go! Go! Go! which co-starred Jiro Wang and Lin Gengxin. The series was released in November 2012. Lin's performance was well received by audiences and audience named Drama Go! Go! Go! as one of the most anticipated TV series of 2012.

Producing: 2012–2018
In March 2012, Lin was crowned Most Influential TV Actress at the 2012 annual Jeanwest Entertainment Awards. She also received a nomination at the Huading Awards as Best TV Actress for her performance in The Glamorous Imperial Concubine.

She then started filming for The Patriot Yue Fei, a 60-episode historical drama about the downfall of General Yue Fei in the Song Dynasty. Lin portrayed the wife of General Yue Fei, played by Huang Xiaoming.

On April 27, 2012, Lin announced her third project television film Forgotten as producer and main actress. She played a married couple in the show with Christopher Lee, where their marriage started to fall apart due to a lack of communication and personality differences, and an unexpected accident changes their life entirely. It was scheduled to be first released in Taiwan on May 26, 2012. In Forgotten, critics and audiences praised Lin's performance as breakthrough. Xinhua News (Xinhua News Agency) states "Ruby Lin is recognized as one of the best promising producer. Also as actress, she is in a different class from others."

In addition, Youku Tudou Inc, the largest video-sharing website in China, bought copyright of TV series and films that were produced by Lin. Lin officially announced the news during the 18th Shanghai Television Festival.

On August 8, 2012, Lin was honored as Best Producer at the 2012 Asian Idol Awards for The Glamorous Imperial Concubine. In December 2012, Lin was announced as one of the highest paid Chinese celebrities of the year, ranking 5th. She managed to earn over 90 million RMB this year through her studio alone. She also came in 2nd on the Taiwan's top-earning drama actors list, with a yearly income of 278 million NTD.

In August 2013, Lin won Most Favorite Actress at the 8th Beijing Film Festival for Youth Welfare. Except for some public appearances, Lin spent much time doing pre-production work for the drama Singing All Along, based on Li Xin's romantic novel series Xiuli Jiangshan.

In April 2014, Lin won the Outstanding Actress award at 1st China Television Star Awards by CTAC (China Television Artists Committee Actors Committee).

In May 2014, as producer and main actress, Lin came back to Taiwan with the television film Mother Mother, playing a role of an aggressive mother. Lin stated that she will continue to film one Taiwanese series per year. The same year, Lin starred in the romance TV series The Way We Were. This drama marks Lin's return to Taiwan television after a 10-year absence. As main actress and producer, Lin received favorable comments from both critics and audiences. The series not only received high viewer ratings, but was also selected as one of the most popular Taiwanese dramas of 2014 by many of media review. Within a day of release, it reached over 24 million views on the mainland Chinese video sharing site iQiyi. Since its debut on July 19, the drama has stayed within the top two on iQiyi's most popular dramas list.

On March 1, 2015, Estée Lauder Companies announced that Lin was their new brand ambassador for Taiwan region, and Lin was also selected as spokesperson for HTC.

After finished filming Raymond Yip's film Phantom of the Theatre in Shanghai, Lin joined the cast of the licensed remake of the Korean variety show We Got Married, titled We Are In Love. In November, Lin gained her first Asian Television Awards nomination for Best Actress with her performance in The Way We Were following a first Golden Bell Awards nomination on September.

In early 2016, Lin won Huading Awards for Best Actress in a TV Series and the Woman's Media Award for Most Influential Woman of the Year. In April 2016, Lin starred in Magical Space-time, a time-travel TV series directed by Fu-Hsiang Hsu. Lin also cast in adventure film The Precipice Game, playing the role of the woman who turns into a battle for survival.

In March 2017, Lin returned to work after halting work since December to prepare for labour. She played an affectionate mother who is willing to put her life on the line to protect her daughter in mystery-thriller The Devotion of Suspect X, adapted from Japanese author Keigo Higashino's award-winning novel with the same title. The film is a reunion between Alec Su and Ruby Lin who starred in 2004 in Magic Touch of Fate, a TV series in China. In May, Lin announced her comeback in a Taiwanese drama world with romance TV series My Dear Boy, which she is also producing.

On November 15, 2018, Lin's newest project, Miss Andy, clinched the MM2 Creativity Award at the Golden Horse Film Project Promotion Awards Ceremony. The award came with a grant of USD $10,000, a welcome relief for her first venture as a movie producer. Filming is scheduled to commence in April 2019, and will take place in Malaysia. According to the media, Lin will also take on the role of a Vietnamese illegal worker for the movie.

Recently: 2019–present
In 2020, after stay in Malaysia almost 2 months for new film Miss Andy, Lin starred Taiwanese Netflix original series The Victims' Game as special guest. The series dominating Netflix's Chinese language programming list for many consecutive days, achieving a high score of 8.0/10 on China's Douban website. And also, Lin's performance received well acclaim, for such a complex and disturbing character. The reviewer for Asianfilmstrike said "The series’ace in the hole is Ruby Lin, who's only a presence in the final episodes, and in a role we dare not reveal: she sheds her smooth and pretty image completely, in an impressively somber and chilling turn."

In 2020, Lin starred in the modern drama The Arc of Life as the female lead and producer. According to the Appledaily, Lin ranked 5th on The Highest-Paid Taiwanese Actor Of 2020 list despite turning down multiple job offers in China.

In 2021, Netflix acquired the rights to Light the Night, a three-part series set in 1988 Taipei Red Light District. Lin was one of the producers and female leads in this series.

Ruby Lin Studio
In 2009, Lin establishing her own production company, Ruby Lin Studio (林心如工作室). Taiwan media reports that the company will deal with all aspects of the actress's career, including acting, singing and film roles. Till 2016, 2 artists - Miku Chang & Yang Zhiwen - and 1 director Fu-Hsiang Hsu are under Ruby Lin Studio. As a producer, she can have a lot more control over the entire TV project - overseeing the scripting process, hiring and casting. Lin stated, "I just kept getting offered the same type of role. Being an actress, you cannot really do much. Actresses can only wait for the roles to come." " "Now I can choose everything myself, whether it's the roles or the director that I want to work with or the cast that I want to feature. I feel much more in control over what I get to do."

Lin's production debut turned out to be a hit with viewers, winning several awards including "TV series of The year" from Shanghai's Dragon TV Awards, "Best producer" from China TV Drama Awards as well as "Best Producer" and "Best Actress" awards for Lin at the 2011 Youku Awards. Despite the accolades from sitting in the producer's chair, she insists that acting will still be her "top priority".

"I will be producing more and more but I still love acting so much, so that will still be my main focus. There is something wonderful about getting yourself in the head of the characters that you play and being able to perform for viewers. It's just that now I also get to create characters that I really want to play.'"

In July 2021, Lin's studio, which was based in Hengdian, China, had cancelled its business registration license in the mainland. Since 2020, she has been based in Taiwan and moved all operations back to Taiwan.

Personal life
Lin dated Taiwanese actor Jimmy Lin, whom she met when filming School Days, from 1995 to 1997. In 2006, they appeared together on the Taiwanese show Kang Yong's Family, asserting that distance was the reason for their breakup. It was the first time the two appeared on the same stage since their separation.

On May 20, 2016, Lin confirmed her relationship with Taiwanese actor Wallace Huo. After their collaboration in Sound of Colors in 2005, two stayed friends for more than 10 years. They reportedly became romantically involved around Lin's birthday in January 2016. Lin married Huo on 31 July 2016 at the Bulgari Hotel in Bali. Celebrities who attended the wedding included Zhao Wei, Fan Bingbing, Zhou Xun, Shu Qi, Liu Tao, Liu Shishi, Nicky Wu and Hu Ge. The pair also held another wedding reception in Taipei on 2 August 2016. The couple have a daughter, born in January 2017.

On September 9, 2019, Lin announced she will be returning to school to pursue a Master's degree. She revealed on social media that she was accepted into the master's program for marketing management in Shih Hsin University in Taipei, Taiwan. It was also revealed that Lin was the recipient of her cohort's Outstanding Achievement Award and that she was unanimously voted as the winner by her professors.

Philanthropy
Lin is involved with charity activities for various causes.

 * In 1999, Lin supported the fundraising events for 1999 Jiji earthquake.
 * In 2003, become sponsor of Vietnamese boy through World Vision.
 * Since 2005 Lin has been spokesperson for fashion company Xuezhu, and she established a fund to help poor people living in small cities in China. she also participated in the Jackie Chan and Friends concert in 2005.
 * In 2007, Lin received the Outstanding Contribution to Charity Award at the China Fashion Awards (CFA). She also filming short film for charity TV-program 'Dreams Come True' with a blind girl.
 * Following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Lin donated 100,000 yuan. She also recorded the unit song "We have love"(我们有爱) for 2008 Sichuan earthquake.
 * In 2008, Lin funded a school for rural children, presenting a ¥200,000 (US$27,627) check to the Chinese Red Cross Foundation to build an elementary school. The Red Cross Society of China gave Lin a commemorative plaque in return, inviting her to be philanthropic ambassador for its elementary-school building project (which helps Chinese children in rural areas obtain an education).
 * Lin received China Charity Star Award the for her contributions to charity in 2008.
 * In 2009, Lin become ambassador for the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation, Yum! Brands Inc. China Division and United Nations World Food Programme (WFP)'s "Donate $1, Offer Compassion, Deliver Nutrition" joint campaign. This campaign provides daily nutrition to children for at least one year. As ambassador Lin appeared at a KFC restaurant in Beijing to interact with patrons, summon more people to participate in the fundraiser and care about children's health and development. Also in 2009, Lin was appointed as a sponsor of 'Ruby Lin benevolence primary school' for rural children.
 * In 2011, For Lin's contribution to charity work, China Charity Billboard Award awarded her "Charity star of the year" award.
 * In 2012, Lin was appointed as a spokesperson and ambassador for the Maria Society Welfare Foundation. In order to raise money for the children, she promote the campaign at her official microblog at Sina Weibo, where she owns one of the most popular accounts. Following the 2013 Sichuan Lushan earthquake, Lin donated to the One Foundation.
 * In 2015, Lin shoots for The Da Ren Wu (Big Shot) Photo Charity Exhibition. She also supported the 'Run for the kids' charity auction with Yahoo taiwan.
 * In 2017, Lin donates the first "China and the World: For Children and Mothers" gala night was held on Nov 29 at Bvlgari Hotel Beijing. The event was organized by the United Nations Every Woman Every Child China Partnership Network and the China Friendship Foundation for Peace and Development, and supported by the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and Save the Children.
 * In 2018, Lin flew to Zambia on behalf of World Vision's Sponsor-A-Child programme to meet with her sponsored child, Elidah. Aside from Elidah, Ruby is presently funding two other children from Cambodia and Honduras. And it reported prior to her latest sponsorship, Ruby had funded the education of several other children including those from Congo and Vietnam.
 * For years, Lin support Linfen red ribbon school (a facility providing education to children who are living with HIV) both materially and spiritually. On 2 January 2019, Official weibo of Linfen red ribbon school released the student's thank you letter for Lin.

Endorsements
After rising to prominence, Ruby Lin became actively involved in commercial work. In 2001, she was selected as Taiwan's most popular advertisement star. At that time, she was spokesperson for Coca-Cola and Esprit. After she was selected as spokesperson for brands such as Mentholatum and Pantene, Lin was ranked second on the China Top Ten Most Popular Commercial Model list in 2005. Lin has been praised by the media for her sense of style; in 2006, MTV China selected her as most stylish actress of the year. That same year, Lin also received the Most Stylish Actress in China award at the QQ 2006 China Entertainment Star Awards.

In 2009, Estee Lauder chose her as "My Cover Girl in 2009" for their Chinese and Taiwan markets for ¥1 million, according to media reports. In 2015, Estee Lauder announced again that Lin was their new brand spokesperson for Taiwan region. In 2010, based on the popularity of her new series and film, Lin was spokesperson for more than 20 brands (including Japanese and Korean brands). Media named her as "commercial queen". Lin also won the Most Charming Actress of the Year award at the 2010 China Fashion Weekly Awards.

In Asia as elsewhere, endorsement contracts for well-known brands are evidence of stardom. Ruby Lin has been a spokesperson for such brands as Mentholatum (2000–2003), Coca-Cola (2000), Christian Dior watches (2006–2007), ESPRIT (2001), Liuhengsei casual wear (since 2001), VOV Cosmetics (since 2006), China Mobile (since 2007), Pantene (2003–2006), Sofie Pantiliners (2002–2005), D&D jewelry (2001–2005), Japanese company Glico, Oriks (since 2011), and HTC (2015), ReFa CARAT (since 2017) and Shiseido Elixir (since 2017). Lin also served as ACAP Wild Aid's Rhino Ambassador for 2004–2005 and Winnie the Pooh Friendship Ambassador in 2001. Lin's endorsements provided the majority of her income in 2007. In December 2009, Ruby Lin was chosen Best Artist for Advertisements at the annual China International Commercial and Art Awards. After Lin gave birth to her first child in early 2017, she became the new ambassador of brand for children and infants such as Fisher-Price and Pro-Kido Milk by Yili. In 2019, Nuna signs Lin as first Asian brand ambassador. In December 2020, Lin became the new spokesperson of Estee Lauder's Re-Nutriv Ultimate Diamond Collection for Taiwan region.

Jury

 * 2019: Member of jury for Best Television Series at 54th Golden Bell Awards
 * 2021: Member of jury of preliminary stage at Taipei Film Festival
 * 2022: Executive jury at International Golden Short Film Awards

Albums

 * 1999: Heartbeat (心跳)
 * 2001: Double Faced Ruby Lin (雙面林心如)
 * 2001: Pala Pala (趴啦趴啦)
 * 2004: Eighteen Springs New and Best collection (半生缘新歌和精选)
 * 2004: Possessing Ruby Lin (拥有林心如)
 * 2008: New Rubyology (新如主义)

Soundtracks

 * 1999: My Fair Princess Original Soundtrack (还珠格格音乐全记录)
 * 2004: Amor de Tarapaca Original Soundtrack (紫藤戀電視劇原)

Ambassadorships

 * 2023 Ambassador of The Genesis Social Welfare Foundation (G.S.W.F)
 * 2020 Charity Ambassador of the TVBS Foundation 'Infinite Love' fundraising campaign
 * 2020 Charity Ambassador of Shiatzy Chen's charity activity
 * 2018 Ambassador of China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation 'Donate One Yuan Campaign'
 * 2018 Ambassador of World Vision Taiwan's Sponsor-A-Child programme
 * 2017 Ambassador of Child Welfare League Foundation
 * 2017 Save the Children Goodwill Ambassador
 * 2016 Ambassador of Tourism in Hawaii
 * 2016 Qiong Yao Culture Foundation
 * 2014 Estee Lauder Breast Cancer Awareness Campaign
 * 2012 Ambassador for the Maria Society Welfare Foundation in Taiwan
 * 2011 Trend Health - Find most beautiful& healthy body of china
 * 2010 Raily Good and Healthy Life campaign
 * 2010 Sohu "EasyGo China" charity campaign
 * 2008 China Music Radio Kappa Project
 * 2009 World Food Programme(WFP)'s "Donate $1, Offer Compassion, Deliver Nutrition"
 * 2009 Estee Lauder Breast Cancer Awareness Campaign
 * 2009 Ambassador of Tourism in Seoul, Korea
 * 2008 China Red Cross elementary-school building project
 * 2007 Beijing Olympics public-service promotional campaign
 * 2007 Anti-Depression Ambassadors of China for its campaign, including a concert
 * 2005 Promoter of Annapurna Conservation Area Project
 * 2004 Chinese Culture Festival in Seoul, Korea
 * 2001 Promoter of Hong Kong Community Chest Walkathon
 * 1999 Ambassador of Hong Kong Anti-Drug and -Crime Campaign

title: Ruby Lin


text:
Palatka

Palatka may refer to:

 * Palatka, Florida, a city in the United States
 * Palatka, Russia, several inhabited localities in Russia
 * Palatka (YTB-801), a United States Navy Natick-class large harbor tug
 * Palatka, a name used by the ethnic Hungarian minority for Pălatca, a commune in Cluj County, Romania

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Palatka


text:
Talk:List of Quebec writers

Alphabetical?
The division by century (which I created I think) is not very useful.

Alphabetical list? That's how it is for List of American authors and it makes a lot more sense to me that way.

-- Mathieugp 02:57, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Anne Hébert? 206.47.31.88 (talk) 03:06, 7 December 2022 (UTC) Oops, sorry. I tried "find in page" and it didn't work. Anne Hébert is already in this list. 206.47.31.88 (talk) 03:10, 7 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Quebec writers


text:
File:The Simpsons Sing the Blues.gif

synopsis
Album cover of "The Simpsons Sing the Blues".

Licensing

Fair use rationale for The Simpsons Sing the Blues

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:The Simpsons Sing the Blues.gif


text:
Peaceful

Peaceful indicates a state of, or inclination for, peace.

Peaceful may also refer to:
 * Peaceful (film), a 2021 French drama
 * Peaceful (horse), a racehorse
 * "Peaceful" (song), by Kenny Rankin

title: Peaceful


text:
Peconic

Peconic may refer to:

 * Peconic, New York, a hamlet in Suffolk County, New York
 * Peconic Bay, two bodies of water between the North Fork and the South Fork of Long Island, New York
 * Great Peconic Bay, the body of water between the North Fork and the South Fork of Long Island, New York
 * Little Peconic Bay
 * Peconic Bay Medical Center, in Riverhead, New York
 * Peconic County, New York, a proposed new county in New York
 * Peconic River, a tributary of Peconic Bay in Suffolk County, New York
 * USS Peconic (AOG-68), a United States Navy ship

title: Peconic


text: Template:Public watchlist

title: Template:Public watchlist


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Hotel del Coronado

Hotel del Coronado, also known as The Del and Hotel Del, is a historic beachfront hotel in the city of Coronado, just across San Diego Bay from San Diego, California. A rare surviving example of an American architectural genre—the wooden Victorian beach resort—it was designated a California Historical Landmark in 1970 and a National Historic Landmark in 1977. It is the second-largest wooden structure in the United States (after the Tillamook Air Museum in Tillamook, Oregon).

When the hotel opened in 1888, it was the largest resort hotel in the world. It has hosted presidents, royalty, and celebrities, and been featured in numerous films and books.

San Diego land boom
In the mid-1880s, the San Diego region was experiencing one of its first real estate booms. At that time, it was common for a California developer to build a grand hotel as a draw to an otherwise barren landscape; examples include The Hollywood Hotel in Hollywood, the Raymond Hotel in Pasadena, the Hotel Del Monte in Monterey, and the Hotel Redondo in Redondo Beach.

Coronado Beach Company
In November 1885, a group of five investors bought Coronado and North Island, about 4,000 acres, for $110,000. Those people were E. S. Babcock, retired railroad executive from Evansville, Indiana; Hampton L. Story, of the Story & Clark Piano Company of Chicago; Jacob Gruendike, president of the First National Bank of San Diego; Heber Ingle; and Joseph Collett.

In April 1886, Babcock and Story created the Coronado Beach Company, then additional enterprises to support the development of Coronado. The Coronado Ferry Company built wharves and storage facilities and developed ferryboat service between Coronado and San Diego; The Coronado Water Company piped fresh water under San Diego Bay from the San Diego River; The Coronado Railroad Company provided rail lines in Coronado, and eventually a "Belt Line" connected Coronado to San Diego via the Strand. Hotel del Coronado boasted one of the largest electrical power plants in the state, providing service to the entire community of Coronado until the 1920s.

The men hired architect James W. Reid, a native of New Brunswick, Canada, who first practiced in Evansville and Terre Haute. His younger brother Merritt Reid, a partner in Reid Brothers, the Evansville firm, stayed in Indiana, and brother Watson Reid helped supervise the 2,000 laborers needed.

Babcock's vision
Babcock's visions for the hotel were grand:

"It would be built around a court... a garden of tropical trees, shrubs and flowers... From the south end, the foyer should open to Glorietta Bay with verandas for rest and promenade. On the ocean corner, there should be a pavilion tower, and northward along the ocean, a colonnade, terraced in grass to the beach. The dining wing should project at an angle from the southeast corner of the court and be almost detached, to give full value to the view of the ocean, bay and city.'"

Construction
If the hotel were ever to be built, one of the numerous problems to overcome was the absence of lumber and labor in the San Diego area. The lumber problem was solved with contracts for exclusive rights to all raw lumber production of the Dolbeer & Carson Lumber Company of Eureka, California, which was one of the West's largest. Planing mills were built on site to finish raw lumber shipped directly from the Dolbeer & Carson lumber yards, located on the shores of Humboldt Bay. To obtain brick and concrete, Reid built his own kilns. He also constructed a metal shop and iron works.

Construction of the hotel began in March 1887, "on a sandspit populated by jack rabbits and coyotes". Labor was provided largely by Chinese immigrants from San Francisco and Oakland.

The Crown Room was Reid's masterpiece. Its wooden ceiling was installed with pegs and glue, and not a single nail was used.

Landscaping for the hotel was completed by Kate Sessions.

Planning for fire hazards
Reid's plans were being revised and added to constantly. To deal with fire hazards, a freshwater pipeline was run under San Diego Bay. Water tanks and gravity flow sprinklers were installed. He also built two giant cisterns with concrete walls a foot thick in the basement to store rainwater. Although these cisterns were never used for rainwater, they were reputedly very handy for storing alcoholic beverages during Prohibition. Reid also installed the world's first oil furnace in the new hotel, prompting a Los Angeles oil company to build tankers to carry the oil to Coronado. Electric lighting in a hotel was also a world first. The electric wires were installed inside the gas lines, so if the electricity didn't work, they could use gas to illuminate the rooms. Contrary to popular rumor, Thomas Edison was not involved in the installation of The Del's electrical system. The electricity was installed by the Mather Electric Company out of Chicago (sometimes referred to as Mather-Perkins Company). An early Del brochure touted its "Mather incandescent electric lamps, of which there are 2,500." Electricity was still new to San Diego, having been introduced in 1886.

In 1904, Hotel del Coronado introduced the world's first electrically lighted, outdoor living Christmas tree. From the San Diego Union, December 25, 1904: "The tree selected for the honor is one of the three splendid Norfolk Island pines on the plaza [grassy area in front of the hotel]. It has attained a height of fifty feet and its branches stand proudly forth. All day yesterday electricians were busy fitting it up and by night 250 lights of many colors gave beauty to the fine old pine. Lanterns, great and small, hung from its boughs. And now that an open-air Christmas tree had been introduced, it is likely that another Christmas Eve will find many California gardens aglow with light scattered from living foliage."

Grand opening and real estate bust
When the 399-room hotel opened for business in February 1888, 1,440 San Diegans traveled across the bay. Reports of the new grand hotel were wired across the country, but just as the hotel was nearing completion, the Southern California land boom collapsed. Babcock and Story needed additional funds at a time when many people were deserting San Diego. Babcock turned to Captain Charles T. Hinde and sugar magnate John D. Spreckels, who lent them $100,000 to finish the hotel. The Coronado Beach Company was then capitalized with three million United States dollars. The company directors at this time were E.S. Babcock, John Diedrich Spreckels, Captain Charles T. Hinde, H.W. Mallett, and Giles Kellogg. By 1890 Spreckels bought out both Babcock and Story. The Spreckels family retained ownership of the hotel until 1948.

The original grounds had many amenities, including an Olympic-sized salt water pool, tennis courts, and a yacht club with architecture resembling the hotel's grand tower. A Japanese tea garden, an ostrich farm, billiards, bowling alleys, hunting expeditions, and deep sea fishing were some of the many features offered to its guests.

Kate Morgan and Room 502
Kate Morgan ( c.  1864 – 1892) was an American housemaid who died in her mid-twenties under mysterious circumstances during her stay at Hotel del Coronado. She checked into the hotel alone under the name “Lottie A Bernard” from Detroit. Five days later, on November 29, 1892, Kate was found dead from a gunshot wound to her head. The San Diego County coroner determined the wound was self-inflicted, but skeptics claim the bullet with which she was killed does not match the gun found in her hand.

To this day, Kate Morgan is thought by locals to haunt the hotel, and the hotel itself has an entire page about Kate Morgan. Hotel del Coronado offers tours of Room 502, the room in which Kate Morgan stayed. Room 502 is the most requested room at Hotel del Coronado.

Prince Edward and Wallis Simpson
On April 7, 1920, Edward, Prince of Wales was honored with a grand banquet in the Crown Room. Despite speculation that he met his future wife and Coronado resident Wallis Simpson there, most historians believe they met later; Edward and Wallis wrote in their memoirs that they met much later.

Hollywood's playground
The popularity of the hotel was established before the 1920s. It already had hosted Presidents Harrison, McKinley, Taft, and Wilson. By the 1920s, Hollywood's stars and starlets discovered that 'the Del' was the 'in place' to stay and many celebrities made their way south to party during the 1920s and 1930s, specifically during the era of Prohibition. Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Clark Gable, Errol Flynn, Mae West, Joan Crawford, Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis and Ginger Rogers were a few of the many great players (actors) who stayed at the hotel.

On New Year's Day 1937, during the Great Depression, the gambling ship SS Monte Carlo, known for "drinks, dice, and dolls", was shipwrecked on the beach about a quarter mile south of the Hotel del Coronado.

World War II
During World War II, many West Coast resorts and hotels were taken over by the U.S. government for use as housing and hospitals. The Hotel del Coronado housed many pilots who were being trained at nearby North Island Naval Air Station on a contract basis, but it was never commandeered. General manager Steven Royce convinced the Navy to abstain from taking over the hotel because most of the additional rooms were being used to house the families of officers. He pointed out that "the fathers, mothers, and wives were given priority to the rooms because it may be the last time they will see their sons and husbands." Ultimately the Navy agreed, and the hotel never was appropriated.

The hotel was designated as a "wartime casualty station". It began a victory garden program, planting vegetables on all spare grounds around the hotel.

Post-war
Barney Goodman purchased the hotel from the Spreckels in 1948. From the end of World War II until 1960, the hotel began to age. While still outwardly beautiful, neglect was evident. In 1960, local millionaire John Alessio purchased the hotel and spent $2 million on refurbishment and redecorating. Popular Hollywood set designer Al Goodman was commissioned by Alessio to oversee the hotel's restoration and refurbishments, which notably included the Grand Ballroom, the Victorian Room Lounge, and the Victorian elevator grille.

Alessio sold the hotel to M. Larry Lawrence in 1963. Lawrence's initial plan was to develop the land around the hotel and ultimately, to demolish it, but he later changed his mind. During his tenure, Lawrence invested $150 million to refurbish and expand much of the hotel. He doubled its capacity to 700 rooms. He added the Grande Hall Convention Center and two seven-story Ocean Towers just south of the hotel.

The Lawrence family sold the hotel to the Travelers Group after Lawrence's death in 1996. The Travelers Group completed a $55 million upgrade of the hotel in 2001, which included seismic retrofitting.

21st century
While retaining its classic Victorian look, the hotel continues to upgrade its facilities. In July 2005, the hotel obtained approval to construct up to 37 limited-term occupancy cottages and villas on the property. They also received approval to add up to 205 additional rooms.

The hotel received a Four Diamond rating from the American Automobile Association in 2009 and was listed in 2011 by USA Today among the top 10 resorts in the world.

The hotel has been sold in several transactions between financial institutions. In 2003, Travelers sold the property to CNL Hospitality Properties Inc. and KSL Recreation Corp (CNL/KSL). This ownership group completed a $10 million upgrade of 381 rooms in June, 2005. The hotel was then owned by the Blackstone Group LP (60%), Strategic Hotels & Resorts Inc. (34.5%), and KSL Resorts (5.5%). When Strategic Hotels & Resorts Inc. bought its stake in 2006, the hotel was valued at $745 million; as of 2011, the hotel was valued at roughly $590 million. In 2014, Strategic Hotels & Resorts became full owners of the hotel. In December 2015, Blackstone purchased Strategic Hotels & Resorts.

In March 2016, Blackstone sold Strategic Hotels & Resorts to Anbang Insurance Group, a Beijing-based Chinese insurance company, in a $6.5 billion deal involving multiple resorts. Anbang thus bought 16 luxury American hotel properties including the Hotel del Coronado. Fifteen of the 16 were immediately transferred to Anbang. However, the sale of the Hotel del Coronado was held up because of concerns expressed by the federal inter-agency Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, which reviews acquisitions of U.S. businesses by foreign investors for possible national security risks. The agency was concerned about the hotel's proximity to major Navy bases. In October 2016, it was reported that the deal had fallen through and the hotel would remain in Blackstone's ownership.

In August 2017, Hilton Hotels and Resorts took over the management of Hotel del Coronado as part of their Curio Collection. The resort is still owned by Blackstone and the name Hotel del Coronado has not changed.

Hotel del Coronado was then inducted into Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, in 2018.

The hotel began a redevelopment and expansion in February 2019 to add new entryway, more guest rooms, parking garages, another restaurant and more. The remodel is projected to last three years and cost $400 million.

On March 26, 2020, the hotel closed temporarily, due to the COVID-19 epidemic. This was the first time in the property's 132-year history that it had closed its doors to guests. It reopened on June 26, 2020.

In 2021, the hotel's historic main lobby, front facade and front veranda were restored, at a cost of $14 million. In 2022, the hotel opened a new wing, Shore House at the Del, featuring 75 one-, two- and three-bedroom residential-style units. The historic main wing closed in January 2024 for one year for a more than $160 million renovation, the final portion of the resort's $550 million makeover. The upgrades will encompass all Victorian guest rooms, suites, and event spaces, including the Crown Room.

Notable guests
Notable guests of the hotel have included Thomas Edison, Marilyn Monroe, L. Frank Baum, Charlie Chaplin, King Kalakaua of Hawaii, Vincent Price, Babe Ruth, James Stewart, Bette Davis and Katharine Hepburn. More recently, guests have included Kevin Costner, Whoopi Goldberg, Gene Hackman, George Harrison, Keanu Reeves, Brad Pitt, Madonna, Barbra Streisand, and Oprah Winfrey.

The following presidents have stayed at the hotel: Benjamin Harrison, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.

The hotel is also known for hosting opulent weddings, and is often cited as one of the most expensive wedding locations in California. The wedding capacity is about 300 people in total, with several event spaces for guests. It has become a celebrity wedding destination over time, with basketball star LeBron James also considering the hotel as a wedding location in 2013.

In popular culture
Films The hotel was first featured in a film when it was used as a backdrop for The Married Virgin (1918). Since then, it has been featured in at least 13 other films, including: Some Like It Hot (1959), starring Marilyn Monroe, Jack Lemmon, and Tony Curtis, where it represented the "Seminole Ritz" in southern Florida;  (1971) starring Goldie Hawn and Warren Beatty; Wicked, Wicked (1973), which was completely filmed on location there; The Stunt Man (1980), starring Peter O'Toole; The Girl, the Gold Watch & Everything (1980) starring Pam Dawber; and My Blue Heaven (1990), starring Steve Martin and Rick Moranis. '  (1971) starring [[Goldie Hawn]] and [[Warren Beatty]]; [[Wicked, Wicked]] (1973), which was completely filmed on location there; [[The Stunt Man]] (1980), starring [[Peter O'Toole]]; [[The Girl, the Gold Watch & Everything (film)|The Girl, the Gold Watch & Everything]] (1980) starring [[Pam Dawber]]; and [[My Blue Heaven (1990 American film)|My Blue Heaven]]'' (1990), starring [[Steve Martin]] and [[Rick Moranis]].

The science historian James Burke filmed his special The Neuron Suite at the Coronado.

The Hotel del Coronado was the primary location for the filming of the fantasy-comedy feature film Daydream Hotel, which had its world premiere at the 1st Annual Coronado Island Film Festival in January 2016.

Literature
 * In Moran of the "Lady Letty": A Story of Adventure Off the California Coast (1898) by Frank Norris, a shanghaied San Francisco dandy wins in a showdown against a Chinese triad gang on the shore of the Baja California Peninsula, teaching them the lesson: "Don't try to fight with white people." Triumphant from the final showdown the protagonist sails to San Diego and makes a dramatic appearance at a society soiree in the hotel's "incomparable round ballroom".
 * L. Frank Baum, author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, did much of his writing at the hotel, and is said to have based his design for the Emerald City on it. However, other sources say the Emerald City was inspired by the "White City" of the Chicago World's Fair of 1893.
 * Ambrose Bierce used the hotel as the setting for his short story, "An Heiress From Redhorse".
 * It also was the setting for Richard Matheson's novel Bid Time Return (1975); however, for the movie version, Somewhere in Time (1980), the story setting and filming were moved to the Grand Hotel (Mackinac Island) on Mackinac Island, Michigan.
 * Lorin Morgan-Richards, children's author, has frequented the hotel and written and illustrated works while staying in the turret room. The cover of his book Dark Letter Days shows the image of the Del.
 * In the 2016 novel The Wrong Side of Goodbye, Harry Bosh, the hero of Michael Connely's book, finds the negative of a photograph of a woman holding a baby, taken in front of the hotel, this picture allows the investigator to easily locate the town, and the film the date, these clues kick-start a whole new plotline.

Music
 * Hotel del Coronado is the setting of the Dashboard Confessional song "Stolen".

Stage productions Each December since 1994, Lamb's Players Theatre and the hotel have presented An American Christmas, a 3-hour "Feast & Celebration" set 100 years earlier, in the hotel's ballroom.

Television The hotel stood in for the fictional Mansfield House during host segments of the NBC anthology series Ghost Story in 1972. The storylines of Baywatch season 4, episodes 14 and 15, called "Coronado del Soul" Parts 1 and 2, evolve in and around the hotel.

The grounds and some interior areas were used in 3 episodes of Antiques Roadshow broadcast as S23 E7, S23 E8 and S23 E9 in February and April 2019.

Postage stamp The hotel is featured on a US Postage Stamp honoring director Billy Wilder, with images of Marilyn Monroe and the hotel from Some Like It Hot.

title: Hotel del Coronado


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Vatican Radio

Vatican Radio (Radio Vaticana; Statio Radiophonica Vaticana) is the official broadcasting service of Vatican City.

Established in 1931 by Guglielmo Marconi, today its programs are offered in 47 languages, and are sent out on short wave, DRM, medium wave, FM, satellite and the Internet. Since its inception, Vatican Radio has been maintained by the Jesuit Order. Vatican Radio preserved its independence during the rise of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.

Today, programming is produced by over 200 journalists located in 61 countries. Vatican Radio produces more than 42,000 hours of simultaneous broadcasting covering international news, religious celebrations, in-depth programs, and music. The current general director is Father Federico Lombardi, S.J.

On 27 June 2015, Pope Francis, in a motu proprio apostolic letter, established the Secretariat for Communications in the Roman Curia, which absorbed Vatican Radio effective 1 January 2017, ending the organization's 85 years of independent operation.

1930s
Vatican Radio began broadcasting with the callsign HVJ on two shortwave frequencies using 10 kilowatts (kW) of power on 12 February 1931, with the pontificial message "Omni creaturae" of Pope Pius XI. Also in attendance was Guglielmo Marconi and Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, who would become Pope Pius XII. Its first director was physicist Giuseppe Gianfranceschi, who was also the president of the Accademia dei Nuovi Lincei.

In 1933, a permanent microwave link was established between the Vatican Palace and the summer residence of the papacy, Castel Gandolfo.

In 1936, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recognized Vatican Radio as a "special case" and authorized its broadcasting without any geographical limits. On 25 December 1937 a Telefunken 25 kW transmitter and two directional antennas were added. Vatican Radio broadcast over 10 frequencies.

World War II
Following a December 1939 report from Cardinal August Hlond of Poznań detailing the oppression of the Catholic Church in Poland, Pope Pius XII decided, among other measures, to use Vatican Radio to provide "information regarding the condition of the church in Poland." The German broadcast on 21 January 1940 compared German activities to "what the Communists imposed on Spain in 1936"; the English service noted the attacks on the Church were not limited to the Soviets.

During World War II, Vatican Radio's news broadcasts were (like all foreign broadcasts) banned in Germany. During the war, the radio service operated in four languages.

While some critics have said Pope Pius XII was too quiet regarding the Holocaust, Jacques Adler examined the transcripts of wartime broadcasts over the Vatican Radio. Adler argues that it exposed Nazi persecution of the Church and opposed collaboration with Nazism. It appealed to Catholics to remain true to their faith's injunctions: to defend the sanctity of life and the unity of humankind. In so doing the Pope pursued a policy of spiritual resistance to Nazi ideology and racism.

1940s and 1950s
In 1948, services expanded to 18 languages.

Due to space constraints, the Holy See acquired a 400-hectare (1½ sq. mi.) area located 18 kilometres (11 miles) north of Rome at Santa Maria di Galeria (GC: 42.04417°N, 12.32278°W). The Italian Republic granted the site extraterritorial status in 1952.

In 1957, a new broadcasting center was placed in operation, with a Philips 100 kW shortwave transmitter, two 10 kW shortwave transmitters, and one 120 kW mediumwave transmitter, with 21 directional and one omnidirectional antenna. The next phase involved two 100 kW transmitters aimed at Africa and Oceania, a 250 kW mediumwave transmitter for Europe, and a 500 kW transmitter for the Far East and Latin America.

Radio Vaticana was one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950.

2000s
In the 21st century, Vatican Radio has experimented with digital transmission technologies (DRM, T-DAB, T-DMB) and has used electronic newsletters, podcasts, and other new technologies to distribute its programming. Vatican Radio and CTV began their own YouTube channel in 2010, operating in four languages, and operates six Twitter accounts.

In May 2009 it was announced that Vatican Radio would begin broadcasting commercial advertisements for the first time in July. The decision was made to meet the radio's rising costs, namely 21.4m euros a year. All advertisements would have to meet "high moral standards". Vatican Radio stopped transmitting short- and medium-wave broadcasts to North America, South America, and Europe on Sunday 1 July 2012. The Vatican Press Office closed Vatican Information Service in August 2012.

In 2014 Michael Gannon, from Ireland, became the first person with Down Syndrome to work at any Vatican office, which he did as an intern at Vatican Radio.

As of 2016, Vatican Radio had a staff of 355 people who produce more than 66 hours of daily programming in 45 languages on air, and 38 languages on the website. Programs are broadcast via short wave, FM and satellite.

Vatican Radio has been losing between €20 and €30 million annually. With its absorption into the Curia's Secretariat for Communications on 1 January 2017 Vatican Radio director Msgr. Dario Viganò has indicated that he plans to pare down short-wave radio operations and institute cost control measures in the service's other broadcast operations.

On 24 March 2017, Vatican Radio made its final English-language shortwave transmission to Asia after 59 years of service. Vatican Radio's English Service for Asia has then continued online.

Television and satellite
During the 1930s, the station made experimental television broadcasts. Apart from a brief experimental revival in the 1950s (callsign HVJ, started 1953. Channel 8 on the French standard for VHF, had plans to switch to the standard used in the rest of Europe), it was not until the 1990s that a regular 'satellite' television service began. The programs of TV2000 include programming from Vatican Television Center.

Vatican Channel HD is available in English and Italian on the satellite through Eutelsat Hot Bird 13°est (11334 MHz, pol.H, Sr 27500,3/4) as well as on terrestrial TV in the Rome metropolitan area, and Vatican Media Europe multilanguage on Hot Bird 13B (12475 MHz, pol.H, Sr 29900, 3/4).

Vatican Radio Europe is available via satellite through Eutelsat Hot Bird 13°est (12476 MHz, pol.H, Sr 29900, 3/4) and Radio Vaticana 5, in Italian Eutelsat 9B (12466 MHz, pol.V, Sr 41950, 3/4).

Transmitters
The signals are transmitted from a large shortwave and medium-wave transmission facility for Radio Vatican. The Santa Maria di Galeria Transmitter was established in 1957 and it is an extraterritorial area in Italy belonging to the Holy See. Vatican Radio's interval signal, Christus Vincit, is a well-known sound on shortwave radio.

One aerial for the medium wave frequency 1530 kHz which consists of four 94 m grounded freestanding towers arranged in a square, which carry wires for a medium wave aerial on horizontal crossbars. The direction of this aerial can be changed.

From May 2014 to December 2016 the antennas of Santa Maria di Galeria were progressively decommissioned, which radiated the average wave signal on 1530 kHz with programs destined for Italy, Europe and the Mediterranean area.

Radiation controversy
The Santa Maria di Galeria transmitter site is the subject of a dispute between the station and some local residents who claim the non-ionising radiation from the site has affected their health.

title: Vatican Radio


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Talk:Zoophilia/Archive 11

(NOTE: this is an archive of older material from Talk:Zoophilia).

can someone put up some pictures?
Could someone put some pictures up on the topic. That would be great. Thanks.

 * There are a lot right here: -- Schneelocke (cheeks clone)    16:21, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Exactly what sort of pictures would you be interested in? Wikipedia isn't a pr0n site, you know... Zetawoof 00:59, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Nothing illegal, I'd hope... --Ciz 03:42, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I suppose you're probably looking for this or this or this or maybe this.   – Quadell (talk) (help)   19:12, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * (Made you look.)

 * The last one was cute. ^^ -- Schneelocke (cheeks clone)   03:43, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Mediation again
Just to make sure everyone is informed... mediation has ended without success I'm afraid. If problems continue, you may want to consider arbitration. Sorry this didn't help -- sannse (talk) 13:54, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC) (meditation committee)
 * Thanks for your effort anyway...we all appreciate it. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 20:07, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll second PMC - thanks a lot for trying. We'll see how things continue from here; if things go back to the state they were in prior to mediation, arbitration seems inevitable, but I hope we won't have to go there. -- Schneelocke (cheeks clone)   02:20, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I had to remove another comment signed by Ciz, placed without context in the center of the article. I doubt he's done trolling, either.  I'd also recommend arbitration. -- temujin9 19:22, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The rest is silence
Unless there are things going on I'm not hearing about, nothing appears to be happening. Can we have the page unlocked so that modifications can continue? Zetawoof 22:34, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It's been protected for about 2 weeks now, not much discussion happened the last few days, so I'm going to unprotect this and hope that everything will be fine. If not, I can only think of arbitration.. --Conti|✉ 23:09, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Nice work JAQ. FT2 03:28, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

I want to explain a little what I was trying to accomplish with my edit: The list of zoophile traits, although apparently based on research, really read like a pamphlet published by a pro-zoo organisation to show what swell folks they are. I oughta know; I used to write pieces like that about my own class of social outcasts. :) I half expected to see comments about how they pay taxes and sing in the choir at church.  Keeping the description brief and limited to somewhat obvious points makes it less of a target for criticism, while still making the general informative point of why some people pursue a zoophile lifestyle.  The rest was just my compulsion to copyedit; I'm a scribophile. JAQ 03:52, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * And thats exactly why I said 'nice work', for exactly those reasons. Good call, effective and appropriate. FT2 08:47, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Page name
I'm confused about the name for this page. The page says that "bestiality" is the dictionary term, and it seems to be the most common term in mainstream publications. Would it be more NPOV to use that? -- Creidieki 14:51, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * This has been discussed before. In fact the page is a redirect from "bestiality.  The reason, as best I understand it - and I have to say I agree - is that "zoophilia" covers a far wider range of information, for which this is the correct term used by psychologists, sociologists and practitioners themselves.
 * Many zoophiles are not in fact inclined to be sexually involved with animals and therefore titling this as "bestiality" would have limited the article to discussion of one aspect of the subject, namely a sexual act. FT2 16:22, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

To draw a comparison, it would be a little bit like titling our Homosexuality article "Sodomy", or Gay as "Buggery". The titles "Homosexuality" and "Zoophilia" refer to a preference, tendency, or orientation; the names "Sodomy" and "Bestiality" refer (in old-fashioned and somewhat derogatory terms) to a sex act.

Despite the fact that many laws refer to homosexuality as "sodomy", we wouldn't subsume the former under the latter in its Wikipedia titling. --FOo 17:24, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Stop comparing the two; they are not related. And sodomy just means anal sex; Homosexuality is the offical term, just like bestiality is the official term.

 * Zoophilia is just a term coined to make it more acceptable, just like childlove was coined by the pedophiles. --Ciz 19:31, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Fine! Naming zoophilia "Bestiality" would be like naming heterosexuality "Fucking". How's that for you, then? [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 23:21, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * That's not a fair comparison. "Fucking" is a vulgarity. "Bestiality" is what a lot of people call "dogfucking" and "horsefucking".Dr Zen 23:46, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The biggest issue of their lifestyle is often an inability to be accepted in their relationships?
''The biggest issue of their lifestyle is often an inability to be accepted in their relationships. This is not usually an issue of religion, as many zoophiles find religion and zoophilia to be compatible'' What religion, may I ask?

Other difficulties include the inevitable death of their partners and a society which dismisses animals as being less important than humans Umm.... most people object to it because they believe its abusive towards animals, not because they ' dismiss animals as being less important than humans.' Get the facts straight. --Ciz 16:56, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * That sentence is not describing "how others see them". Its describing difficulties they face, for whatever reason. Thats non sexual zoophiles as well as sexual ones. Read the heading please. FT2 19:44, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * Those that do are in the minority, just as celibate straights and gays are. And the fact is; people give 'zoos' grief because they believe its animal abuse, not because they dismiss animals as less important. Big difference. And stop victimising them; Im sure pedophiles face difficulties too because they molest children --Ciz 20:16, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

NPOV
If I recall, the reason why the POV tag was removed was because JAQ made it so it wasnt romanticized anymore (the crap about empathy). Well, now its back again'

And do not compare gays to bestials. It is offensive and derogatory to be compare the two. Most gays would agree with that, and would not want to be compared to these types of people.--Ciz 19:34, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Please don't claim to speak for homosexuals as a group; I, for one, find it offensive. :) JAQ 01:29, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * You don't have to "recall". Its about 20 lines up the page. If you read his comment, he was quite careful to explain what he intended:
 * "I want to explain a little what I was trying to accomplish with my edit: The list of zoophile traits, although apparently based on research, really read like a pamphlet ... keeping the description brief and limited ... makes it less of a target for criticism, while still making the general informative point" (JAQ)
 * In other words his complaint was with the style, and I agree. This is academic, verified, peer reviewed and sourced. It's previously consensus-agreed and neutrally presented. Apologies if you personally can't handle that, but as we have seen, being blunt you have a bias here which is decidedly not neutral. If you want to call academic research agreed here by consensus, "crap", then you really need to go and do it on some forum which is more suited to unbalanced point of view postings. FT2 19:48, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * Unbalanced? Most people would agree that if anyone here is inbalanced, its the person who has sex with their dog. And this whole wikipedia entry on 'zoophilia' is no more neutral than the wikipedia entry on 'boylove.'

 * Furthermore, JAQ removed a lot of stuff when he removed the POV tag. Now the stuff is up again--Ciz 20:19, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Would you mind not insinuating that contributors to this article and/or participants in this discussion have sex with their animals? We've gone over this before, Ciz, personal attacks aren't nice and they aren't Wiki-policy. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 23:24, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * For the record, *I* didn't remove the POV tag, since I didn't feel I should unilterally declare it NPOV. At the time, I would have described it as "fairly balanced".  In its current form I do think the article is shifting back toward being a pro-zoo apologia.  (Albeit one sprinkled with anti-zoo retorts.)  It isn't so much a question of whether the material is scientific, but whether the purpose it serves in this article is to inform :) or to persuade :(. Researchers do argue positions in their work; it's expected, especially in their conclusions, because is demonstrates that whatever they were researching was worth learning about. For example, putting quotation marks and a citation on "Remember that less than half a century ago, all states but one criminalized homosexual acts..." doesn't make it any less argumentative. And when there's limited research on a subject, you can't really cite it as definitive. The Kinsey Reports alone didn't establish that {insert once-shocking revelation here}; it took lots of follow-up research to make it something you could state as fact in an encyclopedia article. If I were editing an article about philately and wished to counteract the assumption that stamp collectors were asocial and obsessive, I wouldn't quote paragraphs from studies explaining how generally gregarious and whimsical we... I mean... they are. For one thing, it'd read as if the lady doth protest too much. If I felt the point really needed to be made - and not just for the sake of Philatelist Pride - I'd just brieflystate that some research suggests that they're generally gregarious and whimsical, cite the source, and move on.  JAQ 01:22, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This article is strikingly unbalanced. I don't agree at all with the way Ciz has gone about it, but there's no doubt this is as POV as articles get on Wikipedia. Just about every pro statement is allowed to pass without needing to be substantiated, while any anti statement is reverted with demands that it be sourced. Quoting Nancy Friday is akin to quoting a pressure group. She is hardly unbiased, since her mission was to liberate women's sexuality. Ciz is hard to like and his tone is disgusting, but frankly, he's nothing like wrong about the bias of this article. Dr Zen 02:05, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Research - request for neutrality check
In an attempt to put the article back on a footing of good quality sources rather than the previous arguments due to Ciz, I've just added two sections. One's on violence, because I do think this needs to be in there, and the other is a summary of some of the better known research which is cited in the talk pages.

I have summarised the research and if there is a lot more on that to add, it can go in a separate page, which was proposed and not argued in talk archive page 1.

Meantime, could someone (I mean, someone who understands NPOV) review the article as it now stands, and let me know if anything should be done to ensure the page remains NPOV now? Just to reassure me that what is there, although verifiable and accurate, is not somehow unbalancing it. FT2 21:26, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * At a quick glance, it looks fine to me. Sillydragon 22:10, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Read it over. Looks good to me too. Nice job. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 23:26, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

You're joking. Take just one sentence: "People's views appears to depend significantly upon the nature of their interest and nature of exposure to the subject."

What the...? Appears from what? What substantiates that? Where is the broad survey of a large number of people that you cite that correlates their views with their "interest" and "nature of exposure" to [sic] the subject? You are just saying so. Nearly all of this article consists of just saying so. You barely substantiate a thing. What you do substantiate, you do so with Nancy Friday! Not exactly an unbiased source. I don't personally have a view one way or the other on "zoophilia". I understand that human desire is a very broad and deep subject. However, lots of people do have views, and they are either misrepresented or distorted here. Dr Zen 02:13, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Edit request
"Lifestyle zoophiles tend to share a combination of attitudes that differ in general from non-zoophiles..."

Not happy with the wording. the point isnt they share a combination. Its that these are characteristics which are distinct, measurable, and more common amongst zoophiles than non zoophiles. typical traits, if one will.

Although it can be risky to say "a person from group X is like Y", when it is a commonality and a tendency, and supported by research and other evidence, it becomes worth highlighting.

Can anyone sugggest below options to improve the wording of this sentence for accuracy? FT2 02:29, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * One of your sources (Miletski) and the review she reprints of her recent book, both emphasize the fact that there was almost no prior research on the subject out there. What I've found so far about Beetz's study indicates that it was "ground breaking". So this is pretty much first-generation research. In light of that, I think you'd be hard pressed to justify language as strong as you want. Even the phrasing you dislike is probably overstating the case a bit. I'm not saying it's untrue, but given the difficulty of even identifying zoophiles to study (making the samples very small), and the tendency of willing subjects to be nonrepresentative of the larger population (e.g. they're comfortable acknowledging it to another person, which is almost certainly unusual), I don't see a basis for saying that these traits are "typical".  They might be, they might not. Until there's more research on the subject, all you can really say authoritatively is that some zoophiles have these traits. JAQ 05:03, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thoughts in response (long)

 * I am pondering this one, but ultimately, I don't think it can be considered 1st generation research any more.

 * Miletski's was, as far as I can tell, the first genuine research on the subject as a whole. But even so, it built on significant other previous research which addressed the subject from other angles.  Thats important, look at the studies she in turn cites. I don't think that the other two would consider themselves 1st generation at all, and their views coincide with hers.  When every single modern piece of research agrees on their core assessments over a significant time-span, thats not trivial evidence. It's also Weinberg, then Beetz's assessment, 8 years after Miletski, that zoophiles (as a group) tend to share these psychological features.

 * Put another way, there is not one piece of academic research I have been able to locate, that contradicts their core findings. I have looked.

 * I am also looking at other sources or issues which indicate the feeling of the profession or others:
 * Zoophiles themselves have their views. They are well placed to say if research is accurate or inaccurate, and have at times in this article done so.
 * Therapists and other advisors who deal with zoophiles have opinions.
 * Beetz is a primary source of zoophile psychology, and Beetz is not breaking especially new ground. She wrote a peer reviewed thesis and the first rule of peer review is, you don't make controversial claims "as read" because they will be challenged and you will be ripped to pieces. Page 1 of her thesis states and takes for granted how the profession views zoophiles "as read". She wouldn't have done that, nor been allowed to do it, if it wasn't so. Other literature backs her up.  Theres a lot of it here and there.

 * I'm also thinking of what Nancy Friday said when she wrote in the early 1970s about the response to "My Secret Garden", in an era when most men and therapists thought women fantasising was a sign as sickness because "women dont do that or need to". She wrote:
 * "...And yet, the anxiety that the subject aroused would not abate. 'But all the women you talked to volunteered to do so,' was the way this objection usually ran. 'They are a self selected sample. How can you extrapolate from what these exhibitionistic volunteers tell you? How can you say that their experiences are also shared by their sisters in the silent majority?' "
 * "This same argument was used against Kinsey and Masters and Johnson when their research was published, but time has proven that their studies not only voiced the views of the people who volunteered but also spoke for the broad spectrum of Americans in general. In addition, I note no reluctance in the works of psychoanalysts themselves, beginning with Freud, to base their theories upon that tiny proportion of humanity that has laid itself bare on the analytic couch. The vast majority of humanity has never figured in any psychoanalytic survey or clinical documentation, of human behaviour..." ("Forbidden Flowers" pp.4-5)

 * I think the information's pretty valid. Its been 10 years since Miletski, 5 since Weinberg & Williams, 60 since the first sexology research that mentioned zoophilia, 10 years since the APA downgraded zoophilia in DSM-IV saying it wasnt (by itself) now considered a clinical issue. If it was controversial in the profession, we'd know it.  Thats not what the profession is saying of zoophiles, nor what zoophiles say of themselves. I'm thinking there is a consensus there to date, and the fact it just doesn't seem to be a subject of controversy in the mainstream profession is not unimportant.

 * That aside, yes to any suggestion on the article. If you can feel a good way to improve the current wording can you suggest a better form of words to reflect a good balance?  Once we get it sorted out here on the talk page, we can edit the article accordingly.  And thanks - nice one for spotting that.  I want it reviewed with care and rigor to ensure it's balanced. FT2 09:36, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually you know? Ive just figured it out what to do.  Its not a "combination" of attitudes, its a "cluster".  Combination implies "usually all of them", and you are right, thats not exactly what the research is saying. Duh!  Thanks for the nudge, hope the above is of interest though anyhow! FT2

So far as I can make out, Miletski "studied" a hundred people, mostly middleaged men. She only met some. Miletski herself accepted that her study was descriptive and that she could not generalise from it, and yet you feel you should.Dr Zen 02:18, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Arbitration
In view of the fact that
 * 1) Ciz has little idea of Wiki policy and has shown this for some time now
 * 2) The article has had to be protected from vandalism by Ciz several times now
 * 3) Progress on the article is stalled by the inability of Ciz to grasp basic wiki concepts such as "logic" and "rational impersonal discussion"
 * 4) Mediation was attempted and failed
 * 5) Within minutes of adding academic mainstream material to the article Ciz's responses have been:
 * Delete/revert
 * Add comment in article body "Dont compare gays to bestials" (twice above, once in article body same link)
 * Label academic research "crap" (above)
 * Weasel words (above, "Most gays...")
 * More POV/weasel words, this time added to the article itself ( "unless you believe having sex with animals is abusive in itself, as most do")

To which one can now add

 * Removal of evidence and citations from above list, including the complete deletion of the last point in toto.

I am inclined to take the matter of Ciz to the Arbitration Committee, with the request they order that Ciz will be banned from this article.

Please vote below if you would be supportive, against, or have other opinions on this matter at this time. Note that ArbCom does not in fact require a consensus to accept a matter, so this is more a "straw poll" of feeling. (Sock puppets and suspected sock puppets, including unknown anon IPs, may be ignored)

FT2 23:21, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Would support if it was taken to ArbCom:

 * Support. FT2 20:03, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. And in fact, given that Ciz has neither made any other contributions nor shown that he's even willing to accept Wikipedia's guidelines and principles, I'd support asking to ban him completely from Wikipedia, too. -- Schneelocke (cheeks clone)   20:21, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Sillydragon 22:10, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Although I'm a bit unsure whether arbitration is the right thing here, it seems to be the only thing left to do. Maybe we should not collect evidence on this case until arbitration actually begins, tho.. --Conti|✉ 23:13, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Regardless of one's opinion of zoophilia, there is no excuse for Ciz's conduct as a Wikipedia editor. Since virtually all his "contributions" to Wikipedia appear to be on this dispute (and see below), it would seem he has little interest in contributing usefully to Wikipedia. This guy, at least under the Ciz account, literally does nothing on Wikipedia other than fight about zoophilia. Therefore, I concur with Schneelocke. --FOo 23:14, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support, and agree with Schneelocke in asking for a ban. Basically, I agree with all the reasons we've already stated. Ciz is only interested in an endless revert war on zoophilia, evident from his lack of contributions elsewhere. We need to get him out of here. He's only wasting all of our time, and if we could sort this out once and for all it'd be fantastic. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 23:19, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. There is simply no reason to pretent that Ciz is anything more than a persistant vandal. While I in no way favour blanket bans, he was given a lot of leeway, certainly enough to make his blocking/banning justifiable. Paranoid 23:23, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. This nonsense has gone on way too long. Zetawoof 23:38, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Although he makes some valid complaints, Ciz seems unwilling to edit constructively and unable to understand - let alone tolerate - other POVs. JAQ 00:14, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Would be against:

Other:
 * Mainstream? This? Dont make me laugh. This was when you compared the isolation and persecution gays endure to the way 'zoos' are treated because the public doesnt like animal abuse. Most gays would find this offensive, just like they do when NAMBLA links their movement to Gay Rights. --Ciz 20:27, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Other evidence requested to be included in any ArbCom referral

(Items must have brief description, date and link to a DIFF or HIST entry for ease of review)
 * (Nov 21) in which Ciz runs through the entire talk page adding one liners and weasels like they are going out of fashion. FT2 22:19, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * In this edit, he submitted a zoophilia-related vandalism to a user's talk page, but reverted it a few minutes later. In this edit and this one, practically his only contributions outside of the Zoophilia fight, he deleted a relevant category from some video game characters. Since the category (Furry) can be considered tangential to zoophilia (furry fans are often accused of being zoophiles) I have to suspect this conduct is part of the same syndrome. --FOo 23:14, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zoophilia/Archive 11


text:
Magelhaens (crater)

Magelhaens (crater) may refer to:

 * Magelhaens (lunar crater)
 * Magelhaens A, a satellite lunar crater
 * Magelhaens (Martian crater)

title: Magelhaens (crater)


text:
Wong Ka Keung

Steve Wong Ka Keung (born 13 November 1964) is a Hong Kong musician, singer, songwriter, and the bassist for the rock band Beyond. He is also the younger brother of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Wong Ka Kui, who died in 1993.

1964–1999: Early life and Beyond
Wong was born on 13 November 1964 in British Hong Kong and his ancestry traces back to Taishan, Guangdong. He played music with Kubert Leung in a band. In late 1983 he joined Beyond to replace the band's original bassist Lee Wing Chiu (李榮潮). From the album Modern Stage (現代舞台)'s release in 1988, Wong began singing on some tracks, notably "Cold Rain Night" (冷雨夜) with lyrics by him and music by his brother Wong Ka Kui.

In June 1993, his brother Wong Ka Kui died in an accident in Japan. In 1994 Beyond released the album 2nd-Floor Band Room (二樓後座) and from then lead guitarist Paul Wong and he received the role of Beyond lead vocalist and main songwriter.

In late 1999, Beyond announced their launch of solo career. In 2002 Wong formed the group Picasso Horses with several young musicians and then signed a contract with Universal Records to cultivate bands.

1999–present: Solo career
Wong is also a songwriter for many artists, including Leo Ku, Eason Chan, Amanda Lee, Jordan Chan, Faye Wong, etc.

In July 2009, Wong and Paul Wong ran three continuous sessions of concert in Hong Kong Coliseum despite private discord between them.

Wong held "Wong Ka Keung It's Alright Live Concert" on 4 to 5 June 2013, in Kowloonbay International Trade & Exhibition Centre.

Wong was the manager for the rock duo Soler, but they stopped their collaboration due to discord.

In December 2015, Wong attended BPA's 3rd annual dinner, sang Beyond’s signature works "Love You" (喜歡你) and "Glorious Years" (光輝歲月) with a couple of civil servants and took a photo with former chief executive Leung Chun Ying, leading to controversy from some netizens.

After that, Wong became a spokesman for a Gionee advertisement where a 3D projected image of his brother Wong Ka Kui appeared and they hugged each other, resulting in the second controversy but from fans.

Personal life
He is now married to Makiko Mizuguchi from Japan, and they have two sons.

Discography

 * BeRightBack (BRB) (2002)
 * Picasso Horses (2004)
 * Ta Ta (2007)
 * Wong Ka Kui Memorial Album (2008)
 * Incense (2015)

Filmography

 * Sworn Brothers (1987)
 * The Fun, The Luck & The Tycoon (1989)
 * Happy Ghost IV (1990)
 * Beyond's Diary (1991)

title: Wong Ka Keung