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User talk:Slrubenstein/archive 3

New Reversion War
Hi, I don't know whether you've been keeping up with the Race article or not. Somebody put some unrepresentative pictures up and labeled them as members of various [races]. That addition was reverted by Peak, and several more reversions have occurred without any discussion other than in the edit summaries.

After checking the photo credits I added the following caption to the photo to try to properly contextualize them:

 * Fugitives categorized by the FBI into different "races". From left to right: White, Black, Hispanic Mestizo, Asian. Top row males, bottom row females.Does asserting a racial identity give any more information than is contained in the photographs? See the discussion below.

The original pictures were a nasty practical joke, I think, but Sam Spade likes them, and several other people have aided him in his reversions. I don't want another edit war, so I am hoping that you will watch developments and, if you agree that my way is a compromise that will not propagate disinformation, you will perhaps freeze the page in my version until the combattants come to the bargaining table.

Thank you. P0M 15:51, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

§ The pictures are back, with a new/old caption. I am not in favor of having those pictures there. I would have deleted them myself except that I anticipated the start of a revision war and had hoped to get around it somehow. P0M 05:34, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi. I contributed the mugshots. While the image is not perfect (american centric, people with a criminal history), I believe it is acceptable, at least until there is a better image. The people shown look like normal everyday people you could meet anywhere in america. Not the prettiest ones, but they don't look like criminals. Its definitely better than a caked-with-makeup celebrity photo. Please keep the image until there is a better photo to replace it with. However, feel free to change the caption if you like. Thanks -- Chris 73 | Talk 22:26, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * This is getting nowhere. Would you like to do a poll on Talk:Race about including or excluding the image? If the majority is against the image, then I'll be happy to remove it myself. -- Chris 73 | Talk 01:11, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

§ I give up on trying to nudge things toward some compromise and will revert from now on. I think Peak would be helpful too. I've never heard any rule about captions with no content of consequence, have you? P0M 19:01, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

§ I saw your note on my talk page. I'll see what I can add. At least I can say that I agree with what you have said. P0M 17:27, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I noticed your comments on WP:RFM - Ive been interested in modifying the WP:PP rules for a while, and wanted to know what you thought of the idea of requiring sysops to protect a page, even if they are involved in the dispute, rather than let it get trashed by reverts and personal comments etc. -SV

Looking for a mediator on Maimonides
I am looking for a mediator between me and Jayjg for the Maimonides article. For some time now Jayjg has been reverting a lot of what I write, despite the fact that I am citing many academic sources. The problems I am having with Jayjg are seven-fold:

 * (A) Jay demands that I offer multiple citations for every point I make, which is a demand that no one else on Wikipedia has to follow. However, I do comply, offering multiple citations, often from peer-reviewed academic journals. Yet Jay offers zero sources for his own edits! He never does, yet he doesn't see this how unfair this is.

 * (B) Jay demands that I offer quotes to justify my edits, but the second I add quotes he deletes them, claiming that they are unnecessary and that I should paraphrase them. But when I do that he demands again that I add quotes to prove myself...He does this over and over, and it is now verging on harassment. He seems to be doing this to avoid dealing with quotes that he finds uncomfortable.

 * (C) Everytime I add information, he assumes that this information is meant to attack Orthodox Judaism. He insists that we reframe all discussions as Orthodox verus Reform/Conservative. His claim is false; I simply am not attacking Orthodox rabbis, and in fact I explicitly told him that I would be happy to include Orthodox Jewish points of view. He just ignores that.

 * (D) The way he wants to reframe is impossible, for there is no Reform/Conservative consensus that is uniformly at odds with the Orthodox consensus. I certainly can't find any indication that this is true, and Jay has offered zero sources to back up his own claim. Jay has somehow convinced himself that all beliefs are either "Orthodox" or else must be Reform/Conservative. Yet he has done absolutely no reading on the topic. In contrast, I have studied this topic in detail for years, and I have found no such divide. The only divide I have found is that critical-historical scholarship of Maimonides is fully accepted within Modern Orthodox, Reform and Conservative Judaism, and is fully-accepted within the non-religion affliatd academic community. The only exception is within parts of the ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Judiasm. (And not even all of Haredi Judaism; most of Haredi Judaism has little to say on this topic.)

 * (E) Every time Jay sees a citation from an Orthodox Jew who has a point of view that differs from his preconceptions, he claims that they are really not Orthodox. He then makes ad homenim attacks, claiming that they are really "Conservative" or "Reform". Note that withing Orthodox Judaism, the charge that someone is really "Conservative" or "Reform" is a charge of heresy, and is widely sued within Orthodoxy as an ad homenim attack to delegitimize someone.

 * (F) Jay never offers any citations to rebut any points; he simply makes up charges off the top of his head, such as "Well, no one else agrees with Professor Marc Shapiro", even when the position of Professor Shapiro is the mainstream position held by most of the academic community on this point. Jay makes these grand statements with no citations whatsoever, despite a massive amount of counter-citations to the contrary.
 * (G) When discussing fine points, he keeps making tiny changes to the wording which totally destroy the argument. Example: There is a difference between Orthodox dogma about the Torah and the Tanakh, but he switches between them. Second example: There is a difference between generally saying that God inspired Moses' writing of the Torah, and that every single letter in the Torah is from God, and has never been changed in the slightest. Yet Jay acts as if there is no difference between these claims, which is very imporant to the issue at hand.

I feel like I am being bullied by someone who is unread on these issues, and who is contemptuous of any source that is not from an ultra-Orthodox rabbi. RK 14:53, Sep 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * The "bullying" is entirely due to RK's approach - citing immense amounts of material from "historical scholars" and expecting us to review all his sources. Many of these additions represent POVs not being held by most Orthodox authorities (I refuse to disambiguate between Modern Orthodoxy and Haredim in this matter). Editors with other interests end up having to review mountains of material that are irrelevant at best and smokescreens at worst. Meanwhile, vast amounts of Orthodox scholarship representing the "traditional" view are being ignored in the face of vocal fringe elements who dominate certain journals, websites and discussion groups. This has happened not just on Maimonides, but on many other pages (see Artscroll for a recent edit war). The only redress will happen if RK changes his approach. JFW | T@lk  01:23, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Since when is contributing factual information to an article suddenly "bullying"? In any case, you are making incorrect claims: (A) I never claimed that the information I added was the view of all Orthodox rabbis.  (B) As for your admission that you refuse to differentiate between Ultra-Orthodox and Modern Orthodox Jews, this is astonishing. These are two very different groups, with two very different ways of looking at Jewish theology. Just because you are not happy that significant differences exist does not give you the right to pretend that they really agree with each other. They do not agree.  (C) Your describing the mainstream beliefs of Conservative and Reform scholars, as well as many Modern Orthodox rabbis, as "vocal fringe elements" is both factually incorrect and insulting. I am again begging you to stop your attacks.  (D) You claim that "vast amounts of Orthodox scholarship representing the traditional view are being ignored in the face of vocal fringe elements".  Untrue; in fact, this never happened.  The only person who has refused to add information from the Orthodox point of view (on the subjects in question) has been you. I have been repeatedly agreeing with you, time and again, that we should include such points of view. Over and over, in many places, I offered my hand in friendship; I told you that I will support edits you make. Yet you refuse to make any edits, and demand that I include POVs from Hebrew books that I cannot find, and that I cannot read. That is astonishingly unreasonable.  No one makes such demands of you.  Why not read these books and add these POvs yourself?  I do not appreciate the way you accused me on the Wiki-En of having some such information, and that I have dishonestly kept such info secret. These charges against me are unkind and false. You are creating a fight where none exists; learn to take "yes" for an answer.  If you have some material to add on this subject, please do so.  I have always agreed with you. 01:06, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)

The Semantics of Capitalism
Thanks for your thoughtful comments on the Capitalism talk page. Perhaps its just as well to thrash out certain points here as to capitalism, and Susan's point about its ancient character. On the talk page there I commented that certain features were present in ancient Babylonian and I said that this may show that capitalism is the "recognition of enduring realities." You reacted by saying that capitalism itself isn't an enduring reality because, etc. In the discrepancy between the wording of the suggestion and the wording of the reaction may lie the key.

What I would say, and perhaps this is what Susan would say as well (although one of us would have to ask her) is that the law of supply and demand, the inherent limits of arbitrage, etc., have always been facts, although they have become more-or-less explicitly recognized as facts only in recent centuries, and modern capitalism's distinctiveness is its greater level of self-consciousness (recognition!) about them.

This puts me in roughly the same position as a Freudian in certain respects. (FWIW, I'm not a Freudian, but invoke this as an illustration). Obviously, Freudians don't believe that the unconscious and the Oedipus complex came into existence in the late 19th century. They believe them to be enduring realities, much older even than the play that suggested the terminology, and that these realities to some extent at least have come to consciousness sporadically throughout human history -- which is how that play, and Hamlet, etc., came to be written without Sigmund's assistance. But they do believe that Freud created something new and valuable, by ratcheting up the level of self-consciousness of these processes. Pro-capitalist ideologues (a POV in which I do include myself) believe much the same thing about the ancient and the modern aspects of what we defend.

I don't know whether this semantic proposal justifies any change in the intro to that article or not, but it is something to which one might want to give some thought. --Christofurio 13:01, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

(After receiving your reply): Thanks again. As to the analogy, it wasn't between Freud and Marx at all. It was meant to apply between Freud and pro-capitalist theorists, i.e. Adam Smith, Milton or David Friedman, etc. Their views seem to me to have the same general structure as Freud's -- "there is an invariant human nature, and my theory discloses it better than other theories." Freud says certain works of art exhibit the underlying dynamics better than others. Smith and the Friedmans say, likewise, that certain social systems have harnessed the underlying profit-seeking energies, and other invariant facts, better than others.

You also asked me why I'm pursuing this although "Susan" has dropped it. Ah, good question. Analytical exuberance, I suppose. I agree I have better things to do. For example, Henry Grady is a sadly neglected important figure in U.S. history and he doesn't have a wikipedia article at all yet. Work for me! See you around. --Christofurio 19:40, Sep 27, 2004 (UTC)

You may want to keep an eye on Racism and Talk:Racism -- it's Sam's current focus for his apologetics.

Peace, BCorr | Брайен 00:12, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Karl Marx
Hi. Could you please explain to User:VeryVerily why editorializing on the USSR and PRC does not belong in the Marx article? He keeps on restoring that paragraph because User:Shorne was the first to remove it, and VV reverts at random all of Shone's edits. (I can't do it, as VV will disregard anything I say.) Thanks. 172 08:11, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Talk:Racism
In the future, please restrict personal comments and observations to my user talk or email. Thanking you in advance, Sam [Spade] 16:16, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Can you consider weighing in on the edit war at Jew Watch?AndyL 04:57, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Problem?
Your edit to my talk page asked for my input but gave a red link -- has the page moved? Or did you mean Talk:Jesus? If the latter, I've commented. If it's another page, I'm more than happy to have a look -- just give me a blue link to the article in question. :-) All my best, Jwrosenzweig 23:50, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Sorry, the link doesn't work. Does the article have a different name? Jayjg 23:57, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Actually, I was trying to return to the pre-edit war version, which I thought yours was, I didn't realize you had been editing too. See WP:RfAR for more details. Jayjg 17:49, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Jesus

 * I notice you are trying to bring people whom you see as supporters of his POV into the discussion (by looking at your contributions list). I do not think this is a very NPOV thing to do. CheeseDreams 00:11, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Just thought you should know
User_talk:The_Rev_of_Bru

 * Sam [Spade] 15:11, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I've had a recent barrage of difficulty regarding individuals such as these, and I'm not precisely sure what to do. As far as something general ... I think the answer is a Meta one, requiring policy change.

Honestly, I want some sort of "wiki-cop" or "wiki-911" emergency option to report suspicious activities, individuals, rule breaking, incivility, what-have-you. I think that’s a long time in coming, and will requite alot of debate and subtle alteration before it ever takes shape. I just know that it’s badly needed, and lack of proper rule enforcement is the main cause of missing editors, IMO.

Anyhow, regardless of differences you and I may have on some random POV, or other subtleties, I get the impression that you respect the Foundation issues and have the encyclopedias best interest at heart, and am available for any assistance (or certification / endorsement of complaint) you might need in dealing with those lacking the proper respect for civility, policy, and/or the project ideals. I have little patience for those who disrespect our purpose here, and fail to serve the best interests of the project, and all importantly, the readers. Sam [Spade] 16:35, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, the most neutral editors I know have already discussed some things w them, including User:Jwrosenzweig. I suppose that sort of thing might help, if they are indeed new. My primary concern is that they seem like they've been around awhile, and are fairly familiar w policy and personalities, and other nuances. Sam [Spade] 16:45, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't know him well, but whatever works, works. Alls well that ends well, etc... :) I too prefer making valuable contributors out of others rather than squabling with them. Sam [Spade] 17:58, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I think Sam should be aware of the comments about him on Grunt's talk page. This gives me a pretty clear idea of his willingness (or lack of it) to obey Wikipedia policy, and his POV campaigns. CheeseDreams 17:50, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Talk:Cultural_and_historical_background_of_Jesus
IMO this statement, while perhaps nominally racialist or religiously discriminating, suggesting (as far as I can tell) that you (Slrubenstein) are not Jewish, and that we'd be better off finding a Jew to ask the question of, and / or perhaps that he felt your statement was incoherant to him as a non-jew, and that he felt culturally unable to understand it?

Its a very obtuse communication, typical of those I have suffered thru w this user myself. For what its worth, I don't think it was a personal attack, but I do think it was a foolish and ignorant comment on many levels, not the least of which being how difficult it was to understand. Sam [Spade] 22:20, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I think your comment required a certain level of understanding of the subject perhaps, or at least a certain level of reading ability ;) I'm pretty sure I'm not Jewish, but that’s actually alot more complicated a question than you might think. Lets just say I am Irish-German (Keltic - Teutonic) ethnically, my family is Catholic, and my religion is non-specific (I like to call myself interdenominational ;). I don't speak Hebrew or attend temple, keep kosher, etc... That said, I do find the kabala particularly agreeable, and have been asked if I was / assumed to be Jewish many times in my life, particularly by Jews, mainly due to my taste in formal clothing (black shoes, etc...) ability to grow a long beard, various habits, and my knowledge on the subject of religion / history generally, and near eastern religion / history specifically. What I am I leave to others to judge, but as I said I am pretty sure I'm not Jewish ;) Here on the wiki I have had the "joy" of being accused of anti-semitism, so I suppose I have come full circle? Anyhow, back to the point:

 * All of that said, I found your statement to have been highbrow, not ethnically / religiously exclusive. There are many, many Jews who would have had no clue what you were talking about, while most English speaking intellectuals would have at least got the gist of it. Mr. Cheese probably ment no special offense (altho I do think he ment to be rude and disparaging to you, if only slightly), and likewise prob. had no idea what you were saying, and assumed it was some special talmudic "Jew talk" which he couldn't possibly be expected to understand ;) Anyhow, good luck w him, I have been avoiding him and his "sort" ("new users" w an agenda, and a seeming familiarity w the wiki process) for a while now. Thanks for fighting the good fight, to keep our articles factually accurate, NPOV, and (not by any means least) coherent! Sam [Spade] 22:38, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Nothing wrong w being highbrow (and your wern't overly so anyhow), this is an encyclopedia, not a "Jesus for Dummies" pamphlet ;) That said, of course I'll review for readability, thats what were here for, group editing process and all ;) Sam [Spade] 23:03, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Strikes me that Cheese Dreams has been trolling through the whole discussion, but I think the statement was too vague to be seen as necessarily anti-semitic. john k 03:58, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)

LOL. I dont think this one is going to be figured out in a day. I have read a few of the comments by others here (Sam, John, FT2) and they seem to be quite on the right track. As an example, The choice between the two versions and their perspectives on the subject is a material issue, and you are the one percieved as interjecting a bit too much clinical "anti-supernaturality" (theology and encyclopedia are kind of a contradiction in terms, eh?) into what is for more than a few people a spiritualistic (I dont like the term supernatural as its like extra-sensory; really just a misnomer for "extra-scientific" or "beyond materialistic research").

I had been thinking a lot about something that you wrote about the contrast between the ethnic inclusionism (and theological exclusionism) of Christianity and the theological inclusionism (and ethnic exclusionism) of Judaism. Its an interesting dynamic, I think; one that makes for very interesting discussions between what are apparently very different points of view. I dont think Cheese is necessarily a bigot, but rather that religious society in general is bigoted, and his comment was perhaps designed to irritating to those who he may think are taking this issue too clinically, hence forcing a reaction (!) and forcing some distance. I dont agree with the tactic, but a little distance can be good, when people are so overly-engaged that they forget what the real issue is. This really seems to be a debate about the attitude and character that this article should have, (and in general). I kind of like the idea of creating small committees or boards that craft policy on certain issues - an editorial policy for newsworthiness and NPOV terms, a theological board too, maybe for handling of sensitive religious matter. I can't really comment on the specifics too much, but for example this one seems like a good example where the clinical tone can be exaggerated to be dismissive or even anti-religious:

 * "Although many (meaning "most, if not all" legitimate scholars...) skeptics question whether Jesus ever existed, (This is not clear at all) those Christians and academics who accept his existence (nutty as they are) often seek ("often seek?") to understand his life and teachings in terms of the cultural and historical background in which he lived. Some scholars have argued that such an understanding suggests an account of Jesus' life that is different from that provided in the Gospels."

This last sentence is vital, but it comes accross like a mistatement: "some scholars (?) have argued..." I would rather read:
 * As the topical context of Jesus of Nazareth's "historicity" deals with the material factuality of a religious figure from ancient (nearly pre-historical) times, there is naturally a debate with regard to both the ability of historians to "validate" the theological view of Jesus,' and the degree of value that such a claimed validation might have. As with other religious figures, the materialist context of "history" tends to be obscured by the contexts of supernatural "theology" and "faith," and (particular to Christianity) Jesus' ascension from mortal (material) to spiritual form is often the theological answer to the historical question. Therefore the purposes of the theology and history cannot be reconciled, even if it is the work of religious historians.

So, I hope you kind of see my point. Ive said it from day one that Ive been editing here: the perceptions of academics have to be reconciled with the perceptions of regular people, who are no less privy to their opinions and attitudes toward... stuff. But the debate is actually far more interesting than the article itself, so if you can sort of deal with these different points of view toward the proverbial elephant ("Its a snake!"), then that would be... interesting. Sincerely, -SV 20:08, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * PS: The Jesus super-historicity matrix - in progress:

Believers   Atheists    Non-Christians Material historicity :    Y,N         Y,N            Y,N Spirituality         :     Y           N             Y,N Supernaturality      :    Y,N         Y,N             N Literality            :    Y,N         Y,N             N Theocracy             :    Y,N          N             Y,N -SV 20:56, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)

FT2 - do you have access to wiki IRC? If you want to talk some time I'd be OK to. Otherwise, points noted, I think cheese is able to be reasonable if he feels you are - thats the crucial thing. Time'll tell if you can sort it out mutually :) FT2 00:55, Nov 12, 2004 (UTC)

Welcome to WikiProject Jesus
<grin> A telling point in the discussion! I was wondering if I was going to have to invite you or not... - Amgine 20:48, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Citation discussion
"Amgine is simply revealing his ignorance. Most books are not peer-reviewed (not in history or the social science), peer-review is a process used usually for journal articles. This does not mean books have no scholarly status. Each of these authors have published in peer-reviewed journals. Moreover, these scholars are well-recognized and frequently cited authorities. As Jayg suggests, if Amgine doesn't know who they are, it just shows two things: first, he is ignorant; second, he has not tried to overcome his ignorance with serious research. Some time ago, Amgine rebuked me for not working in good faith. I believe I have treated Amgine with good faith up until now. At this point, however, Amgine has amply demonstrated that this good faith is ill-deserved. Good faith means I start out assuming that if you are working on an article it is becuase you have done some serious research. But Amgine has now demonstrated that he has not done any serious research, nor does he even know how to do serious research, at least on the topics discussed in this section. Amgine, you simply don't know what you are talking about and are in no poisition to judge content."

 * As it happens, I am rather closely aquainted with the status of texts versus juried journals, etc. Books, chapters in books, and textbooks are not considered on a par with journal articles in academia. They are not allowed to be considered when going up for tenure, for example, and are separated off from academic accomplishments on one's curricula vitae, as another. This seems to be an area of academia you are not particularly familiar with.
 * You are correct that they have some scholarly status, particularly as overviews of the state of a science (in which use they are synthesizing currently journaled research, often for textbooks.)
 * As I have repeatedly stated, biblical and talmudic studies are not my area of expertise (while my son has converted to Christianity and is a biblical scholar, I am not.) I am not at all averse to saying when I don't know something, and I usually do so succinctly. However, research and rhetoric are areas I have considerable background in, as well as some training in dispute resolution, all of which are why I am currently involved in this resolution process. I'm sure you will have noted that I have avoided adding any original text to the paragraphs in question, but instead have been inserting, moving, and editing text which has already been supplied by contributors with more knowledge than I of the content.
 * Given my background, and your history of distracting the arguement and then presenting an alternative text to the compromised text (which practice I counted 3 times in the process of archiving the talk pages), I have determined to shepherd through a compromise text to get beyond the locked editing status. I do hope you will consider getting to that point with a compromise text an important and respectable goal.
 * In getting there, I suggest we should avoid getting into a disagreement about citations. I have been involved in these in the past on a professional level and they are tedious, obstructionist, and expensive, and rarely resolve any differences. I'd rather focus on finding text we can agree on which reflects the contributions of everyone and neutrally presents it. - Amgine 18:04, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

It is you who made an argument about the citations. It is disingenuous of you to dismiss my sources and then say "but this is tedious, let's not discuss it" -- a tactic that has the effect of privileging your view and silencing mine. I will respond to you as succinctly as I can. In most tenure cases peer-reviewed articles count for more than books, but not in all. As you ought to know most universities allow each department to develop its own tenure guidelines appropriate to the discipline. In many of the social sciences and humanities -- like history -- writing a book is a crucial sign of scholarly achievement and necessary for tenure and promotion. In some cases, a published book is even necessary for getting a job. But your mis-stating the facts of the tenure process is but a diversion. The tenure process is only one way to measure scholarly status, and it is not appropriate here -- the process at hand is not tenure, but writing an encyclopedia. If you look at peer-reviewed journal articles in history, you will see that their bibliographies are full of books. Books are often important, credible, even authoritative sources of scholarly knowledge.

I mentioned the books I used not because I think every sentence in wikipedia needs a citation, but because I think every sentence in wikipedia needs to be verifiable. That I rely on books written by the preeminent scholars in the field is evidence as to the verifiability of my claims.

Your claims must be verifiable as well. I have pointed to several claims you have made and asked for verification. You have provided none. Instead, you asked me for sources. How dare you then accuse me of distracting the argument? You have done nothing but distract. For example, your continued use of the ridiculous phrase "king messiah." Every time I explained why this was a ridiculous phrase, you simply came up with sillier and sillier questions, and continued to repeat the mistake. Each time I explain why it is wrong to claim that there were many prophet/healer/messiahs, you again distract the argument (demanding I verify my claims, but refusing to provide any evidence or sources for your own claims) and then keep repeating the mistake.

When you first proposed a version of this section you invited people to "rip it" because it was a first attempt. But when I tell you what is wrong with it, you ignore me.

Then when I present a well-researched verifiable version, you complain that it isn't based on your version! How petty can you get! Like you, I invite people to tell me what is missing or wrong with my version. I specifically asked you what was wrong with it. You couldn't come up with a single defect or error.

To be blunt: although I gave you the benefit of the doubt until today, I now understand that your claim that you will shepherd through a compromise version is pompous and ridiculous. You utterly misunderstand the Wikipedia process, which is ultimately about a verifiable encyclopedia. The process invites anyone to contribute and encourages full discussion. But this does not mean that every contribution ends up in the final version. The talk page is a place to examine and debate. If a contribution is unverifiable, misleading, or simply wrong, there is no reason for it to be included in the article. Indeed, it must not be included in the article. You have made your own ignorance clear. You claim the authority to stitch together "compromise" paragraphs when you are simply unqualified to do so, since you have no idea what is true and what is not. If you want to edit merely on style, I recognize your right to do so. But you cannot admit to ignorance and then edit on content. That you want to write a paragraph on "messiah" when you do not understand the Hebrew usage; when you didn't know all priests are descended from Aaron; when you do not recognize who Shaye Cohen or Geza Vermes are; is just so absurd it blows my mind. Even now you claim that you have considerable experience in research, yet you haven't shown any sign of even knowing how to research this topic. That your claims to this ignorant authority have taken up so much space on the talk page isonly obstructionist. You have not contributed anything of value, and have only gotten in the way. Surely there is some article on a topic you actually know something about, that you can more fruitfully (and I am sure enjoyably) participate. Slrubenstein 18:26, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Having served as an editor on committees dealing with considerably more esoteric content than this, I feel I am aware enough of the scholarly process to serve here. That you are attempting to shift the argument to credentials suggests to me you lack of this type of experience. I believe we have fundamental differences of opinion on the "Wikipedia process" which may impede our ability to work toward a compromise. - 24.86.206.227 18:44, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC) Amgine

Requests for mediation
It is a requirement of Wikipedia policy that you are informed of the following link's existence: Requests for mediation

Jesus

 * I'm sorry, you may have misunderstood the edit summary. I reverted to Slrubenstein's, that is, to your previous version, as is fairly common usage in revert summaries I have seen. My apologies for not being more clear in my summary, and for any misunderstanding caused. - Amgine 20:19, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I appreciate your apology but see now that it is unnecessary. Thank you for your explanation. I see how I misread your comment -- I am sorry for the misunderstanding but am glad that we could sort it out so quickly, Slrubenstein

Forum for Encyclopedic Standards
I have drafted a proposal for a new voluntary association on Wikipedia (joining groups like the The Business and Economics Forum and the Harmonious editing club) to promote discussion of a sort of system of expert review on Wiki. Please take a look and add your ideas. 172 02:36, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Worries
I would like to talk with you about elements of this article. I have just noticed that the protection notice has been removed from the article, and would prefer to discuss edits I would like to see in the near future without developing any disagreements. Please see version at User:Pedant/CaHBJv1 (which includes all the vote text I could find) knowing that we are in disagreement about the Messiahs section.

The messiahs section, after my current research, needs to be reworked. But exclusive of that section, do you see any specific problems? It is, for all intents, an exact copy of the current plus the consensus vote texts.

I will probably not be able to work on this for a day or so. My passport and documents were stolen from the car last night, so must deal with RL for a bit... - Amgine 18:19, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Anarcho-capitalist critique of left-anarchism
Hi, could you please take a look at that page for me and tell me what you think of it? I posted on its talk page maybe a month ago, maybe two, and no one has responded. It's an extreme right editorial with no encyclopedic value in my view. Thank you.--Che y Marijuana 16:00, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Of course I don't intend to delete it without going through the proper channels. I was just wondering what you thought of it. I think there is a place for the "anarcho"-capitalist critique against Anarchism, but a seperate article isn't it, and definitely not in this form. I do think it should be moved to the main artical, but in this form I fear there's no point. Anyways, I'll keep you updated on what happens, thanks. --Che y Marijuana 03:22, Nov 18, 2004 (UTC)

Mediation
Hi Slrubenstein, could you have a look at Requests for mediation when you can please. There is more discussion on the choice of mediator for you to comment on. Thanks -- sannse (talk) 21:34, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The Histirocity of Jesus article has been protected by RickK so I can't do anything. Not sure if this is the version you think should be protected, I'm afraid I haven't had time to delve into the article and am not sure I really want to :) AndyL 16:43, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Slrubenstein/archive 3


text:
USS Grayback

USS Grayback may refer to the following vessels of the United States Navy:

 * USS Grayback (SS-208), a Tambor-class submarine, commissioned in 1941 and sunk in 1944
 * USS Grayback (SSG-574), a Grayback-class submarine, commissioned in 1958 and stricken in 1984

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USS Grayback


text:
Kasztelan

Kasztelan is Polish for castellan and may refer to:

 * Kasztelan of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 * Kasztelan (surname)
 * Kasztelan (beer)
 * Kasztelan (card game), a once-popular Polish card game

title: Kasztelan


text:
San Bartolomé, Las Palmas

San Bartolomé (Spanish meaning Saint Bartholomew) is a town and municipality in the Canary Islands (Spain) situated in the centre of the island of Lanzarote. The municipality of San Bartolomé stretches to the southeastern coast of the island.

It has an area of 40.89 km2 and, as of 2019, a population of 18,816, resulting in a population density of 460/km2. Its altitude is 240 metres above sea level.

The town is located northwest of Arrecife, the island's capital, to which it is connected by the LZ-20 road. The municipality lies southwest of Teguise, southeast of Tinajo, which includes the Timanfaya National Park, and northeast of Tías. The municipality also includes the coastal town of Playa Honda to its southeast, located between Arrecife and Lanzarote Airport.

Most of the inhabitants work as craftsmen, farmers or in the service for tourism which is the biggest economic factor on Lanzarote.

title: San Bartolomé, Las Palmas


text:
Colnago

Colnago Ernesto & C. S.r.l. or Colnago is a manufacturer of road-racing bicycles founded by Ernesto Colnago near Milano in Cambiago, Italy. It remained a family-controlled firm until May 4, 2020, when it was announced that the UAE-based investment company, Chimera Investments LLC, had acquired a majority of the Colnago shares from Ernesto Colnago, although the headquarters will remain located in Italy after the acquisition. Instead of following his family's farming business, Ernesto Colnago chose to work in the cycle trade, and was apprenticed first to Gloria Bicycles at the age of 13, and subsequently taking up road racing. After a bad crash ended his racing career, he began subcontracting for Gloria, and opened his own shop in 1954, building his first frames the same year. While building frames, he remained much in demand as a racing mechanic. He was second mechanic on the Nivea team Giro d'Italia under Faliero Masi in 1955, eventually being employed as head mechanic for the Molteni team of Belgian cycling legend Eddy Merckx in 1963.

The company first became known for high quality steel framed bicycles suitable for the demanding environment of professional racing, and later as one of the more creative cycling manufacturers responsible for innovations in design and experimentation with new and diverse materials including carbon fiber, now a mainstay of modern bicycle construction. In 2020, having lost his wife and brother, Ernesto Colnago sold his majority interest in the company to a United Arab Emirates investment firm.

History
One of the first big victories on a Colnago frame was in 1957, when Gastone Nencini won the 1957 edition of the Giro d’Italia bicycle race on a Colnago bicycle. In 1960, Colnago achieved more recognition as Luigi Arienti rode to a gold medal at the Rome Olympics on a Colnago bicycle. By the late 1960s, Colnago was generally regarded as one of the builders of the world's best steel road race frames.

While Ernesto was the head mechanic of the Molteni team riders such as Gianni Motta raced on Colnago cycles. A win on a Colnago in the 1970 Milan-San Remo race by Michele Dancelli for the Molteni team inspired Colnago to change his logo to the now-famous 'Asso di Fiori' or Ace of Clubs. After the demise of the Faema team, Eddy Merckx joined the Molteni team, and what ensued was mutual innovation—as Colnago describes it: "Merckx was an up and coming champion, and I was an up and coming bike builder. So it was a real honour to work for a great champion like Merckx. It helped us to grow... when we made special forks, and special bikes." This included the super-light steel frame used by Merckx in 1972 to break the world one-hour record. With a growing reputation from their racing wins, Colnago entered the market for production bikes. In the U.S., the early seventies saw another bike boom, and Colnago "pumped out bikes as though the future of humankind was at stake." The mainstay of the Colnago line in the 1970s was the Super, followed by the Mexico, named in honor of the successful hour attempt. Other models were added including the Superissimo and Esa Mexico. While the finish on these early Colnagos could be variable, they were great riding bikes and developed a cult-like following.

In 1979, Ernesto Colnago presented Pope John Paul II with a custom gold-plated steel bicycle.

In response to criticism that his frames were not stiff enough, next Colnago experimented with ways to change the behavior of frame components. In 1983, he introduced the Oval CX with an oval section top tube to add stiffness. He then experimented with various crimped-tube frames which became production models as their top of the range frames, beginning with the "Super Profil" and "Master." Later "Master-Light", Master Olympic and Master Più extended the range. Colnago built a frame from Columbus tubing used by Giuseppe Saronni to win the world professional road race championship in 1982, and afterwards a short-lived collection of bikes were badged with the Saronni name. In 1983, Giuseppe Saronni would go on to win the Giro d'Italia stage race on a Colnago bicycle. Steel frames winning races made Colnago's reputation: "Between them, Eddy Merckx and Giuseppe Saronni won 719 races from 1965 to 1988, and the bulk of those victories were aboard a steel Colnago. Ernesto Colnago first designed the Master frame in 1982 as a replacement for the Mexico, which was named after Eddy Merckx’s successful Hour record in Mexico city. Over the course of 17 years in the pro peloton, the Master was ridden to hundreds of wins, and there are few bikes that have such a palmarès.":

Since the 1980s, while Colnago continued to produce high-end steel bikes, they began to produce cycle frames using material other than steel, including titanium, aluminum, carbon fiber and mixed materials. One unique frame from this period, the Bititan, has a dual titanium down tube. Crimped and oversize tubes were used on the Tecnos–one of the lightest production steel bikes produced. Similarly crimped oversized aluminum tubes were used on the Dream frame. In 1981 Colnago prototyped the CX Pista–a full monocoque carbon fiber cycle with disc wheels, which was shown at the Milan bike show. Subsequently, Colnago worked with Ferrari to develop new carbon fiber technology, and Ernesto also credits their engineers for challenging him regarding fork design, which led to Colnago's innovative Precisa straight-bladed steel fork (1987). Colnago also experimented with multi-material frames, including the CT-1 and CT-2 constructed with titanium main tubes, carbon fiber forks and rear stays, and a similarly constructed (although short-lived) Master frame constructed with steel main tubes, carbon forks and stays.

Colnago's early attempts at carbon fiber frames were not commercially successful, but the lessons learned were embodied in their flagship frames, such as the C-40, the most sought after bicycle (1994), and its successor, the C-50 (2004)–respectively named for Colnago's 40th and 50th years in bike building. These carbon fiber frames set new standards of excellence. They were built using a modified form of traditional cycle frame construction, substituting carbon fiber lugs for microinfusion cast steel, and carbon fiber "tubes" for the complex steel tubes used for steel frame construction. Similar building techniques are used in the latest design, the C59, named (as before) for its year of production. While we take for granted the spread of carbon frames, their success was not a foregone conclusion:

“When we built the C40 we were the only ones to build carbon frames and all the mechanics and competitor technicians were saying that they would be too dangerous to use on cobbled roads, especially with the straight carbon forks. There was a company that wanted to fit suspension forks on the bicycle, but I wasn't going to have suspension forks on the C40. The night before Paris- Roubaix I had Mr. Squinzi, the Mapei boss, on the phone to me raising his concerns about using such a delicate-looking thing. I told him that we'd done all of the tests that we could on the frame and the fork and we were certain there would be no problem. I had to take personal responsibility for what was going to happen and I spent all night worrying about it, barely able to sleep. But when I heard that there were 4 Mapei riders in the break, I knew I could relax.” The C40 went on to win 5 editions of Paris-Roubaix in 6 years. Surpringly, the victory of Tadej Pogačar in the 2020 edition of the Tour de France marked the first time a Colnago-branded bicycle was ridden by the overall classification winner, since Merckx's victories were aboard re-branded bikes.

An interview with Ernesto Colnago in which he describes various iconic Colnagos (filmed in the factory museum) is available on YouTube.

Colnago family launch La Collezione, 25/11/22 in Milan, 18/12/22 La Collezione Cambiago guest pre opening.

Trademark
Colnago uses a black symbol similar to the ♣ ("Clubs") symbol used on playing cards. Colnago frames' graphics evolved from a font with gravitas to elaborate and/or creative paint.

Colnago sponsored bicycle racing teams since 1968

Colnago has sponsored at least one professional team every year since 1974, often sponsoring more than one. In addition, other teams in the peloton have competed on Colnago bikes. Probably the most famous was the Molteni team which included Eddy Merckx, but the world champion, Giuseppe Saronni also rode Colnago bikes throughout his career, from 1977 with Scic, later with Gis Gelati and with Colnago-Del Tongo. In 2021 Colnago confirmed that Saronni used Super at Goodwood 1982 and 1983 Giro D’ Italia. Colnago was well known as a sponsor of the legendary Mapei cycling team throughout the 1990s. For 2005, Colnago sponsored the professional cycling team Rabobank. Colnago has also been the bike sponsor for the American domestic team, Navigators for whom the Australian sprinter Hilton Clarke was a member 2005–2008.

For 2006, Team Milram joined their list of professionally sponsored teams featuring well-known Alessandro Petacchi and Erik Zabel. In addition, Colnago serves as a co-title sponsor of the Landbouwkrediet-Colnago professional cycling team that competes on the UCI Europe Tour and was the official frame supplier to Team Tinkoff in 2007. Starting in the 2011 Tour de France, Team Europcar has ridden Colnago frames. For 2012, Colnago is sponsoring Colnago-CSF Bardiani.

A full list of teams is provided below. All years are inclusive.

 * 1968 - 1973: Molteni
 * 1969 - 1978: SCIC
 * 1975 - 1976: Zonca-Santini
 * 1975 - 1979: Kas Campagnolo
 * 1977: Ijsboerke-Colnago
 * 1977: Kanel-Colnago
 * 1978: Mecap-Selle Italia
 * 1978 - 1979: Miniflat-ys-vdb-Colnago
 * 1978: Intercontinentale
 * 1979: Sapa
 * 1979: Inoxpran
 * 1979 - 1983: Lano-Boul d'Or
 * 1980 - 1981: Gis Gelati
 * 1980 - 1981: Sunair Sport 80 Colnago
 * 1980: Splendor
 * 1982 - 1988: Del Tongo-Colnago
 * 1984 - 2008:
 * 1984: Safir Colnago
 * 1985: Safir van den Ven Colnago
 * 1985: Tonissteiner Saxon
 * 1986: Miko Tonissteiner Fevrier
 * 1986 - 1988: Roland Colnago
 * 1988 - 1989: Panasonic-Isostar
 * 1989: Malvor-Sidi
 * 1989 - 1990: Alfalum
 * 1989 - 1993: CLAS–Cajastur
 * 1990: La William
 * 1990 - 1996: Diana-Colnago
 * 1991 - 1993: Ariostea
 * 1993 - 1999: Tonissteiner Colnago Saxon
 * 1994 - 2002: Mapei
 * 1996 - 1997: Casino
 * 1999: Lampre Daikin
 * 2001: Coast
 * 2001 - 2006: Landbouwkrediet Colnago
 * 2001 - 2007: Navigators
 * 2005: Domina Vacanze
 * 2005: Action
 * 2005: Skil Shimano
 * 2005 - 2012: Ceramica Panaria-Navigare
 * 2006 - 2008: Team Milram
 * 2007 - 2008: Tinkoff Credit Systems
 * 2007 - 2010: Landbouwkrediet-Tonissteiner
 * 2010 - 2015: BBox-Bouyges Telecom
 * 2010: Pendragon-Colnago
 * 2010 - 2013: Team Type 1
 * 2013 - onwards: Gazprom–RusVelo
 * 2014: Dubai Classic Bike
 * 2016 - onwards: Team Novo Nordisk
 * 2017: Colnago Owners Group - UAE
 * 2017 - onwards: UAE Team Emirates
 * 2018: FFR Dubai

Current production overview
Until early 2006, Colnago produced virtually all of their entire frameset range at their Cambiago factory, although persistent rumors of subcontracting out the more basic frames go all the way back to the 1970s. Alan produced some aluminum frames for Colnago in the 1980s, including single and dual downtube road and cyclocross models. In March, 2005, Colnago announced that they were joining the Taiwanese-based A-Team, whose members include Giant, Merida and SRAM—the first Italian manufacturer to do so, to produce mid-ranged bicycle models for the Japanese and European markets.

Beginning in 2006, Colnago sourced the Primavera and the Arte from Giant Bicycles of Taiwan. Both received favorable reviews, although some thought the shift of manufacturing out of Italy was a matter of some regret.

There was some controversy in 2006 over whether Giant would be producing additional models, including carbon frame models, for Colnago. According to statements by Ernesto Colnago this was not the case:
 * ''"For the 2006 model year, Colnago will be sourcing two entry-level aluminum road bike models from Giant, made to Colnago's spec and frame geometry and for sales in Europe and Asia only. All other Colnago bicycles are assembled in Italy. No Colnago carbon fiber frames are made at Giant and none will be, as Mr. Colnago has a long-term sourcing agreement in place with ATR for carbon fiber bicycle frames."

Despite this denial, since 2007 Colnago's carbon monocoque CLX frame has been manufactured in Taiwan. In 2008, a second Colnago carbon fiber model, the CX-1 was also sourced in Taiwan.

The top-of-the-line Colnago frame, the C64, as well as the Master, and the now discontinued C60, C59, C50, Extreme Power, Extreme C are (or were) manufactured and painted in Italy. In a series of public statements, Colnago has insisted that all designs originate with the Italian design team, claiming that the essence of what makes a Colnago is design. The mid-range carbon offerings are currently being sourced from Taiwan, (as are many bicycle manufacturers' offerings), and as of 2011, the M10 (which stands second in the model lineup) is made in Taiwan and assembled and painted in Italy, while the CX-1 is completely made in Taiwan.

The current top-of-the-line frame, the C64 is the only carbon frame still made fully in Italy.

Steel

 * Super Version 1 (1968-1978)--Columbus SL tubing, circular tubing (top tube, downtube, seat tube) crimped chainstays, cable routing above bottom bracket.
 * Mexico (1975-1977)--Columbus Record tubing, no crimping on chainstays and variant Esa Mexico
 * Super Profil (1982-83/84) two versions--with fluted stamp stay cap, 1984 with flat stamp stay cap.
 * Super Version 2 (1978-late 1980's)--Columbus SL tubing, circular tubing (top tube, downtube, seat tube) colnago lettering embossed on the seat stay caps, machined chainstay bridge.
 * Nuevo Mexico, two models, (1983 version and 1985), Columbus Record tubing, crimped top tube and downtube.
 * Tecnos (1995–2000)--Colnago's lightest production steel racing frame made with custom Tecnos tubeset (proprietary Columbus Nivachrom steel), oversize top and down tubes with five-rib-clover shaping. Chromed three point crown-tip lugs on head tube and Precisa steel fork (when not shipped with a carbon fork). Last iteration was labeled 'Tecnos 2000' including the tubing label.
 * Master (1983-Present)--Top of the line steel frame with Precisa steel fork. Columbus Gilco fluted tubes on main triangle. There are a number of known variations. Master Olympic, Master Light, Master Più.
 * Other steel models include the Superissimo, the Super Più, the Export (1982-3), the C-94 (1994), the C-97 (Thron tubing Decor era), the Elegant (Tange in 1994, later EL-OS tubing) and the Classic (~2000); a descendant of the Super/Superissimo made with Zona tubing.

Aluminum

 * Duall—(1988) Double downtube aluminum tubes bonded to aluminum lugs manufactured by Alan for Colnago, lug design from the single downtube version.
 * MegaMaster—welded Columbus Altec aluminium alloy profiled tubes with mega downtube and a "master" profile top tube.
 * Asso—(2000s) Altec Zonal triple butted tubing; master profile top tube.
 * VIP 2000—Altec Zonal Columbus 7005
 * Dream—(2000s) Welded Columbus Airplane aluminum tubing; shaped Tecnos-style top and down tube. Later incarnation added the HP carbon rear stays.
 * Active—(2004-2005) Columbus Altec2 aluminum teardrop shape tubing with carbon B-stay and carbon fork, Italian threaded bottom bracket
 * Active Plus—(2006-)
 * Colnago Mix—(2004-2006?) Aluminum with oversize aluminum chain stays and carbon fiber seat stays; Master shaped top tube and a Dream shaped down tube.
 * Rapid—Tig welded oversize proprietary Columbus "Custom" 7003 aluminum alloy tubing

Titanium

 * Master Titan—Welded 6AL/4V titanium alloy tubing with profiled top tube and down tubes
 * Oval Titan—oversized ovalized top and down tube welded titanium
 * Bi-Titan—Welded dual titanium down tube
 * Titanio—(mid-1990s) Single downtube standard profile (1"), all titanium welded frame, steel fork
 * CT-1--Welded titanium main tubes, monostay rear with bonded carbon fiber stays, 1" carbon fork
 * CT-2--Like CT-1, but with HP stays and 1.125 carbon fork

Carbon

 * Volo—(1988) Carbon fiber reinforced with Kevlar monocoque frame
 * C35—(1989) Full carbon monocoque frame.
 * Carbitubo—(1988-1991) Shipped as a single ‘mono’ carbon downtube tubes bonded with aluminum lugs, later a double downtube was tried. Produced in conjunction with Alan. See pictures here.
 * C40—(1993/4-) Full carbon first shipped with Precisa steel fork, later with carbon fork. First generation shipped with round tubes; later with Master profile carbon tubes bonded to carbon lugs.
 * CF1—(2000) Colnago-Ferrari collaboration, Carbon monocoque. Several iterations of the Ferrari CF frames followed.
 * Cristallo (2004). An all-carbon monocoque frame weighing 1,100g which is rare in production and information.
 * C50—(2004) Similar construction to C40 with 1.125 fork.
 * C50 CX Limited edition, special version built for cyclocross, with cantilever brake bosses front/rear.
 * C50 Krono (2005), special version built for time trial. Similar construction of the well known C50, but with aero tubes and special tearshape seatpost. Used by pro teams like Rabobank from 2005 till 2007.
 * Prestige CX Monocoque (lugless) carbon frame for cyclocross, first version had canti bosses, second version has disc brake fittings.
 * Extreme C—(2006) Lightweight full carbon climbing bike, carbon lug and round carbon tube construction with shorter lugs.
 * Extreme Power—(2007) Similar construction to C40/C50 but stiffer construction also using round carbon tubes.
 * CX1—(2007) Carbon monocoque front end bonded to carbon stays. It is also the first Colnago to feature an integrated headset
 * CLX—(2008) Carbon monocoque; rear triangle is molded separately from the front, and attached via bonded lugs
 * EPS—(2009) Lug and tube construction with integrated headset and new fork design
 * EPQ— (2011) Redone Extreme Power (EP) tube and lug construction with more square profile rear stays ('Q-Stay') that adds stiffness, shared with the M10 and C59. Semi-integrated headset.
 * C59—(2011) Carbon tube and lug bonded frame like C40/C50 (2011) with profiled tubes similar to the Master.
 * M10—(2011) Monocoque construction with similar geometry to the C59 but with a slightly shorter top tube and longer head tube.
 * CX-Zero—(2013) Full monocoque frameset, integrated headset, first Colnago to feature press fit 86.5 bottom bracket, designed for cobbled classics races.
 * V1-r—(2014) Replaces the M10 as the top Taiwan-made monocoque carbon frame. Developed in collaboration with Ferrari Engineering.
 * AC-R—(2014-) Entry level carbon monocoque compatible with electronic and mechanical groupsets
 * C60—(2014) carbon tube and lug bonded frame like C40/C50 but extends Colnago's signature faceted star shape the full length of the tube and through the lugs, also using larger tubing diameters and slightly thinner walls for a frame that is slightly lighter than the C59
 * C64—(2018) carbon tube and lug bonded frame similar to the C59 and C60
 * C68—(2022)

Cyclocross
Over the years, Ernesto Colnago built steel cyclocross frames for individual professional riders and did not sell any steel frames to the public. A handful have been identified, an early one based on the Colnago Super and built for Roger de Vlaeminck. Photos are available here. This frame sold in November 2012 on eBay for approximately $1200 US. A second 1985 Colnago Super Cyclocross Team Kwantum Decosol Team ex bike Adrie Van Der Poel, not listed in catalog or generally retail distributed, can be seen here.

Another frame surfaced a couple of years ago, and appears to have been built in the mid to late 90s, loosely based on the Colnago Crystal, specifically labeled "Master" on the rear brake hanger. Lugs and seat stays are similar to those on the Crystal, slightly beefier tubing than other road models (32mm OD downtube, 29mm seat tube), relaxed wheelbase, top tube routing for rear brake and derailleur, traditional routing for front derailleur but no braze-on for front derailleur. Colnago bottom bracket shell. Straight mtb style threadless fork (no formal crown). No serial number stamped on dropout. Colnago factory contact unable to identify year or provide further information. Photos are available.

Colnago built a couple of bikes for the Italian cyclocross and MTB champion Luca Bramati. Bramati rode a yellow steel, lugless Colnago cyclocross bike in the '96 Worlds in Munich, considered to be one of the most exciting races ever, where he placed third. His bike had a front fork with a traditional brazed fork crown, and full front/rear gear cable brazings. The tubing looks just slightly oversized, and overall the bike looks quite similar to Bramati's Colnago MTB that he raced in Atlanta in the '96 Olympics.

Another may have been built for Bert Hiemstra in 1998/1999, Rabobank rider. This was a lugless steel frame, badged "Colnago Competition" in Rabobank colors, 59 cm CtT, set up with 9 speed Dura Ace and a Unicrown fork.

 * Cyclocross (c 1980s) Manufactured by Alan, stamped "Colnago" name on bottom of headtube. Aluminum tubing screwed and glued to lugs. Sizing stamped in bottom bracket, no serial number on rear dropouts. Top tube ovalized for shouldering bike on transitions.
 * Dual Cyclocross
 * Dream CX—Production aluminum like the Dream Road with Unicrown MTB style front fork and additional bracing at headtube/downtube union.
 * World Cup—
 * Prestige—Early Prestige frames, all monocoque construction, had an added brace between top and seat tube for carrying the bike during cyclocross races. They also have water bottle bosses. Later frames lost this brace and gained brackets for disc brakes.
 * C50 CX Rabobank Team

Mountain Bikes
Although not very common or widely available in the American market, Colnago did produce a number of mountain bikes. Some featured the Master profile tubing found on the Colnago road bikes.
 * Master—Gilco shaped tubing like the Master road bike, Unicrown fork hard tail mountain bike
 * Maxim--
 * CF series CF12 Ferrari collaboration

title: Colnago


text: User talk:151.188.0.230

title: User talk:151.188.0.230


text:
Téléroman

A téléroman ("telenovel" or annual drama series ) is a genre of French-language drama television series in Canada, similar to a soap opera or a Spanish language telenovela. In France, the téléroman genre is known as feuilleton télévisé (similar to a serial). Téléromans are one of the most popular television series formats in Québécois culture and are also shown on French television.

In Canada, all of the major francophone television networks air téléromans, including the public broadcaster Radio-Canada, which broadcasts them nationally, and the private networks TVA and Noovo. TFO in Ontario has also produced one téléroman.

In France, the TF1 network and the subscription channel Canal+ air feuilletons télévisés. Some famous téléromans produced in France include Riviera, Sous le soleil, Plus belle la vie and Cinq sœurs.

One of the first téléromans on Canadian television was La famille Plouffe. This téléroman proved highly successful, and has helped the genre become a staple on Canadian French television. English Canadian networks have also adapted a number of Québec téléromans for English viewers, including La famille Plouffe, Lance et Compte and Les Hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin, with varying degrees of success.

Notable téléromans

 * Les Belles Histoires des pays d'en haut
 * Au nom de la loi
 * La Bonne aventure
 * Chambres en ville
 * Le Cœur a ses raisons (actually a sitcom parodying soaps)
 * La famille Plouffe
 * Francoeur
 * Grand-Papa
 * Les Hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin
 * Lance et Compte
 * Plus belle la vie
 * Providence
 * Les Soeurs Elliot
 * Terre humaine
 * Virginie

title: Téléroman


text: Category:1268 births

title: Category:1268 births


text:
Künstlerleben

Künstlerleben ("Artist's Life"), Op. 316 is a waltz written by Johann Strauss II in 1867, following closely on the success of the popular "The Blue Danube". Austria was severely shaken the previous year 1866 by the crushing defeat that the Austrian army suffered in the Battle of Königgrätz and many of the year's festivities and balls were cancelled as the prevalent depressing mood affected most of Vienna's populace.

Strauss's near impossible task of injecting the same joie de vivre into the Vienna Carnival of 1867 was met with great aplomb by all three Strauss brothers as their works displayed no signs of dying inspiration, and in turn introducing to the Viennese how their creative spirit defied the troubled spirit of the times.

Johann Strauss II and Josef Strauss both presented sparkling new works at the 'Hesperus' Ball which was held at the Dianabad-Saal on 18 February 1867, with the "Artist's Life" waltz presented just three nights after the successful performance of "The Blue Danube" at the same venue. The 'Hesperus' Association known as the Vienna Artists' Association was a well-known and influential society of which all three Strauss brothers were members.

The new waltz was quickly heralded as a new 'twin' of "The Blue Danube" and its popularity has since been retained in the classical music repertoire. The composer's best inspiration can be seen in the Introduction of the waltz, which begins with a plaintive horn solo and a quietly dramatic string passage in A minor. A pensive waltz melody in A major is introduced, before being cut short by two loud and fierce chords. The first waltz section is then played, with a high-spirited tune and a robust accompanying waltz passage. The second waltz section is a melancholic tune in two parts, with the same dramatic chords as heard in the Introduction before a more upbeat tune heralds the entry of the happier third section. The plaintive mood of the waltz continues in the fifth section before the minor-sounding Coda. The first waltz melody makes another quiet entrance before the waltz is brought to its triumphant close, with a strong chord and flourish, underlined by a snare-drumroll.

title: Künstlerleben


text:
TFO

TFO is a Canadian French language educational television channel and media organization serving the province of Ontario. It is operated by the Ontario French-language Educational Communications Authority (OTELFO), a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Ontario and trading as Groupe Média TFO. It is the only French-language television service in Canada that operates entirely outside Quebec. The network airs cultural programming, including blocks of French-language children's programs, along with original series, documentaries, and films.

The network was first established in 1985 as La Chaîne Française, a spin-off of the provincial English-language public broadcaster TVO, later re-branding as TFO in 1995. The network operated under the auspices of TVO until 2007, when it was spun off into an autonomous agency.

TFO is available on multichannel television providers throughout Ontario; all cable and IPTV providers in the province are required to carry it on their basic tier. TFO is also carried nationally on the Bell Satellite TV and Shaw Direct satellite television services. The network previously broadcast over-the-air in some communities in Eastern and Northern Ontario with significant Franco-Ontarian populations; these transmitters ceased operations in 2012.

History
When TVO (then known as TVOntario) launched in 1970, it aired French-language programming on Sundays from noon until sign-off. By the 1980s, the provincial government concluded that a separate francophone educational network was needed to prevent the "ghettoization" of the Franco-Ontarian community.

In 1985, the Ontario Ministry of Municipal and Cultural Affairs, together with Communications Canada, approved the creation of an Ontario-based French-language educational television network. At the time, the only portions of Ontario with access to a dedicated francophone educational television service were the National Capital Region and the Ottawa Valley, which were served by Radio-Québec outlet CIVO-TV in Hull. In 1986, the new network received its broadcast licence from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). On January 1, 1987, this network was officially launched by the Ontario Educational Communications Authority under the name La Chaîne Française (primarily known on-air as La Chaîne). In 1995, La Chaîne was renamed TFO (short for Télévision française de l'Ontario). The company would remain a part of TVO until 2007 when it was transferred to the Ontario French-language Educational Communications Authority, a separate crown corporation. It is the only French-language television broadcaster in Canada headquartered outside Quebec.

For the first decade of La Chaîne's operations, TVO's existing practice of broadcasting in French on Sundays continued, and La Chaîne aired English-language programming during the same time block. This was because La Chaîne was only available on cable at first, and the government wanted to ensure that Franco-Ontarian viewers without cable still had access to a block of French-language programming while making English TVO programs available on La Chaîne for those who wanted them. As transmitters were added in several French-speaking communities, the practice was discontinued in the mid-1990s.

In addition to being carried throughout Ontario on cable and via over-the-air transmitters in some communities, in October 1997 TFO began broadcasting in New Brunswick via select cable companies in that province. New Brunswick was the first jurisdiction other than Ontario where TFO was offered. TFO would later be broadcast into parts of Quebec as well. In 1998, the station began broadcasting nationally via both national satellite companies, Bell ExpressVu and Star Choice, now known as Bell Satellite TV and Shaw Direct, respectively. In August 2008, Star Choice removed TFO from its lineup. In 1999, TFO's parent company at the time, The Ontario Educational Communications Authority, applied to the CRTC for mandatory carriage of TFO in the province of Quebec, in addition to a carriage fee, which other over-the-air services do not receive. However, the CRTC denied its application in March 2000. That year Jacques Bensimon, co-founder of the network and managing director of the network since 1986 (before it became its own channel), resigned from the position. Over his tenure, he formed relationships between TFO and French-language networks in Europe, in order to share content. This included co-producing content with the BBC, France 2 and Channel 4 in the UK. As part of a restructuring of TVO announced by the McGuinty government on June 29, 2006, TFO was taken over by a new, separate provincial Crown corporation, the Ontario French-Language Educational Communications Authority (Office des télécommunications éducatives de langue française de l’Ontario or OTÉLFO) in 2007, with separate management and its own budget. Although the licence transfer was not officially approved by the CRTC until June 28, 2007, TFO nonetheless announced its autonomy from TVO effective April 1. GroupeMédia TFO is funded mainly by the Government of Ontario, through the Ministry of Education, with an annual budget of $31 million. Additional contributions have been made by the Government of Manitoba since the channel was added to cable services in that province in 2010.

In 2010, then TFO CEO Claudette Paquin was awarded the Commissioner of Official Language's Award of Excellence – Promotion of Linguistic Duality for her leadership in TFO's transition to more autonomy, and the work the channel has done to promote the development of the Franco-Ontarian community.

In April 2016, TFO announced that it had established a partnership with Louisiana Public Broadcasting to syndicate 14 hours per-week of French-language children's programming to the broadcaster's LPB2 service. The partnership is designed to appeal to Louisiana's strong French heritage and French immersion programs.

Television and web programming
At its launch in 1987, the channel's programming schedule included both original programming produced by the network, such as the educational comedy series 17, rue Laurier, the health series La santé contagieuse and the newsmagazine series M.E.M.O., and acquired programming from both Quebec and France, such as the children's series Passe-Partout and L'île aux enfants and the talk show Apostrophes. It also aired a francophone dub of the 1970s English Canadian children's series Matt and Jenny, under the title La route de l'amitié.

Main shows
GroupeMédia TFO broadcasts educational and cultural content for all of its audiences (children, youth, and adults). Programs that TFO produces include Mini TFO (for pre-school children), Mégallô (for children ages 9 to 12), RelieF (a political, social, and cultural program aired live Monday through Thursday), the sitcom Météo+, and Ruby TFO, a Web/TV magazine for women. TFO's prime time programming includes documentaries and dramatic series, along with unique French-language film programming, including feature-length art films and films from around the world. CinéTFO is the network's nightly showing of French-language cinema.

Music programming
BRBR is another music show, featuring reviews, interviews, and performances from French-speaking artists. The concerts take place in downtown Toronto and Montreal in front of live crowds. The show has been nominated for several Gemini Awards. In October 2013 BRBR teamed with Deezer to launch an online radio station dedicated to the music of Francophone Canadians. Other music programming includes the series Behind the Scenes, which shows the backstage, studio, and other parts of the music industry generally hidden from the public eye. TFO also broadcasts the singing competition reality show JAM.

Mini TFO
Mini TFO provides YouTube channels for young children, receiving 25 million views between its launch and October 2014 - the second most views of any children's channel in the world. TFO has also focused on mobile broadcasting, developing several apps for children's use. Other apps are developed to provide parents with a rating and research mechanism when deciding between programming and apps developed for child viewers or educational use - such as EduLulu. In 2013 Mini TFO also opened the Mini TFO Centre for Early Childhood Education at Collège Boréal. The channel also sponsors live tours of its affiliated acts, specifically in remote areas of Ontario. Children's programming on TFO is integrated into its web programming, which includes mobile applications designed for child development. TFO also produces reality television shows featuring kids, including the Amazing Race style series Les Jumelles where local kids compete against each other in teams of two.

Cartoons
Cartoons broadcast on TFO include:
 * 64, rue du Zoo aka 64 Zoo Lane
 * Adibou (listed as Adibou: aventure dans le corps humain on guides)
 * Les aventures d'Olive l'autruche
 * Bande de Sportifs
 * Bing
 * ''Bitz et Bob
 * Bookaboo
 * Bouba aka Jacky and Jill
 * Caillou
 * Charlie et Lola
 * Christopher, Josée et Lexie
 * Le club des cinq: nouvelles enquetes
 * Dimitri
 * Dinopaws
 * Dinosaur Train
 * Dipdap
 * Doodleboo
 * Les Doozers
 * Drôles de petites bêtes
 * Ernest et Celestine
 * Gribouille
 * Guess How Much I Love You
 * Guess with Jess
 * Kioka
 * Louie
 * Lulu Zipadoo
 * MaXi
 * Maya l'abeille
 * Minivers
 * Miss Spider et Cie
 * Mouk
 * Les Mystères d'Alfred
 * Peg et Chat
 * La petite école d'Hélène
 * Petz Club
 * Ping et ses amis
 * Pinky Dinky Doo
 * Les Popilous
 * Poppy Cat
 * Le Ranch
 * La Rêve de Champlain
 * Rob le Robot
 * Ruff-Ruff, Tweet and Dave
 * Sagwa, les aventures de la chat Siamoise
 * The Secret World of Benjamin Bear
 * SOS creatures!
 * Sports Band
 * Stella et Sacha
 * Subway Surfers: Le serie d'animation aka Subway Surfers: The Animated Series
 * Tib et Tatoum
 * Tip the Mouse
 * Tractor Tom
 * Le village de Dany
 * Wendy
 * Wubby School
 * Zack and Quack
 * Zoubi Doubi

Other programming
TFO also broadcasts the news and culture show TFO 360, hosted by Linda Godin, who has also moderated debates between national party leaders in Canada. Plein les Vues serves as TFO's entertainment news show. On the web, it runs SOS Devoirs, a series of web properties designed to help children with their homework used by 90,000 students each year. The TFO website also provides curriculum support, pedagogical guides, and 4,000 different educational programs (1600 available for free). TFO itself has training programs to teach educators how to use video materials in the classroom, attended by 2,000 teachers per year. TFO is Canada's largest producer and distributor of French-language educational products.

Former transmitters
From 1989 to 2012, TFO operated several over-the-air transmitters in predominantly francophone areas of Eastern and Northern Ontario. These transmitters had the callsign CHLF-TV, followed by a number to denote their status as rebroadcasters. Besides Sudbury, Hawkesbury, Temiskaming Shores and Pembroke, TFO otherwise transmitted over the air mainly in isolated portions of Northern Ontario without access to cable.

As part of the transfer of TFO to its own management in 2007, the transmitters in Sultan, Oba and Jogues were taken out of service. On July 31, 2012, TFO shut down its transmitters in Sudbury, Hawkesbury, Pembroke and Lac-Sainte-Thérèse, as TVO, which owned the towers, was shutting down and decommissioning all its analog transmitters on that day. As of December 2012, the station no longer has any over-the-air transmitters as evidenced by the disappearance from Industry Canada's TV spectrum database of TFO's over-the-air transmitters.

title: TFO


text:
Transvision Vamp

Transvision Vamp were an English pop rock band. Formed in 1986 by Nick Christian Sayer and Wendy James, the band enjoyed chart success in the late 1980s, particularly in 1989. James, the lead singer and focal-point of the group, attracted media attention with her sexually charged and rebellious image. The band had 10 UK chart hits and also enjoyed considerable success in Australia. Transvision Vamp's top single was 1989's "Baby I Don't Care", which reached number three in the UK and Australian charts.

Career
The band's original line-up was James, Sayer, Dave Parsons (bass), Tex Axile (keyboards) and Pol Burton (drums). Parsons and Axile had both been in punk bands prior to joining the band; Parsons in The Partisans, and Axile in various bands, most notably The Moors Murderers and X-Ray Spex offshoot Agent Orange.

Transvision Vamp were signed by MCA in December 1986 with the band's first single, "Revolution Baby", being released the following year. It stalled at number 77 in the UK in September 1987. A cover of the Holly and the Italians' song, "Tell That Girl to Shut Up", was released as the band's second single in March 1988, reaching 45 on the UK Singles Chart. The single became the band's only charting entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at 87.

Transvision Vamp's third single, "I Want Your Love", with its pop/punk crossover appeal, became the band's first major hit, topping the Norwegian singles chart, and peaking within the top 10 in the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, and Switzerland. The next single was a re-release of "Revolution Baby", which rose to number 30 in the UK, 17 in Ireland, 24 in Australia and New Zealand. The fourth single, "Sister Moon", narrowly missed the UK top 40 at number 41.

In October 1988 the band released their debut album, Pop Art. It was a major success in the UK where it stayed on the album chart for 32 weeks, peaking at number 4. The album achieved a similar level of success in Australia, where it was certified platinum, and placed as the 25th highest-selling album of 1989. The album also did well in Switzerland (number 20) and Sweden (number 25).

1989 proved to be Transvision Vamp's most successful year, with the release of the single "Baby I Don't Care" which peaked at number three in both the UK and Australia, making it the band's most successful single in both countries. In Australia, the song spent 20 weeks in the top 50. The band's second album, Velveteen, was released shortly after, debuting atop the UK Albums Chart and remaining on the chart for 26 weeks. Velveteen also reached number two on the Australian Albums Chart, spending 25 weeks in the top 100, becoming the 39th best selling album of the year. Velveteen was also a significant success in New Zealand (reaching number 12), and parts of Europe, including Switzerland, Germany and Norway, where it entered the top twenty. The other singles from Velveteen: "The Only One", "Landslide of Love" and "Born to Be Sold" all peaked within the top 30 in the UK, and the top 20 in Ireland.

In June 1991, MCA refused to release Transvision Vamp's third album Little Magnets Versus the Bubble of Babble in the UK, reportedly disliking the direction of the music and after the two singles released from the album didn't chart as highly as previous singles on the UK charts. The album was, however, released in New Zealand, where it reached number 14, and in Australia, where it peaked at number 25 and spent 3 months in the ARIA top 100 albums chart. It was also released in Sweden and reached number 27. The album's first single, "(I Just Wanna) B with U", peaked at number 16 in Australia, and charted at number 30 in the UK also entering the Irish top 30. The second single released from the album, "If Looks Could Kill", entered the top 40 in New Zealand and just missed the UK top 40 at number 41; it became the band's final single release. A third single from the album, "Twangy Wigout" was planned and promo copies were issued but it was shelved by their label after disputes. Of the third album, James has stated "it came out in America. But then we decided to split up, during which time the English record label had said they weren't convinced about this record, we're going to hold off on it and see how well it does in other countries first. By the time they were ready to release it, we'd already decided to split up, and so it never came out."

The group officially disbanded in February 1992 following a statement from MCA. Wendy James launched her solo career in 1993 with the Elvis Costello-written album Now Ain't the Time for Your Tears.

Post-Vamp activities
Anthony Doughty (Tex Axile) joined a band called 'Max' with Matthew Ashman, Kevin Mooney, John Reynolds and John Keogh in which he played keyboards. They released a Trevor Horn-produced album Silence Running in 1992. Keogh died soon after the release and Ashman a couple of years later. Doughty continues to release solo albums on his own label.

Dave Parsons joined British post-grunge band Bush, who would achieve commercial success in the 1990s.

Wendy James embarked on a solo career, with limited commercial success. Although her 1993 album Now Ain't the Time for Your Tears (written by Elvis Costello) reached number 43 on the UK Albums Chart, none of the three singles released from it entered the UK Top 30. The lead single, "The Nameless One", reached 34 on the UK Singles Chart, while the second single, "London's Brilliant", peaked at only number 62 And the third single, "Do You Know What I'm Saying?", reached number 78 in the UK. MCA and James parted company in August of that same year.

A follow-up solo album, recorded for One Little Indian Records, was not released. In 2004, James formed a band named Racine, with which she released two albums. Neither album charted anywhere. A single, "Grease Monkey", charted at number 114 in the UK in April 2005. Racine broke up and closed down their official band site in December 2008.

Band members

 * Wendy James: vocals (1986–1991)
 * Nick Christian Sayer: guitar, backing vocals (1986–1991)
 * Dave Parsons: bass, backing vocals (1986–1991)
 * Tex Axile: keyboards, sequencer, drums, guitar, backing vocals (1986–1991)
 * Pol Burton: drums (1986–1989)
 * James "Jazz" Piper: guitar, backing vocals (1989–1991)
 * Martin "Mallet" Hallett: drums, backing vocals (1989–1991)

Compilations

 * The Complete 12"ers Collection Vol. 1 (1990, MCA Records)
 * Mixes (1992, MCA Records)
 * Kiss Their Sons (1998, Universal Records)
 * Baby I Don't Care (2002, Spectrum Music)
 * I Want Your Love (2019, Edsel) – 6-CD/1-DVD box set

title: Transvision Vamp


text:
Melbourn

Melbourn is a large, clustered village in the far south-west of Cambridgeshire, England. Its traditional high street is bypassed by the A10, intersecting the settlement's other main axis exactly 3 mi northwest of the traditional focal point of Royston, Hertfordshire, the nearest larger settlement. It has over 4,600 inhabitants and is in the South Cambridgeshire district.

The Prime Meridian passes to the west of Melbourn.

History
The parish has a long history of occupation, stemming from the presence of springs at Melbourn Bury and the several ancient trackways that cross the parish; the Icknield Way runs to the south of the parish and Ashwell Street and the Roman Cambridge-Royston road are also believed to follow prehistoric trackways. Pottery and burial finds show evidence of Bronze Age residents, and a Roman settlement has been found at the north-east edge of the village. Excavations in the 1950s discovered 28 graves from a 7th-century Christian burial site close to Ashwell Street.

Melbourn appears in five entries in Domesday Book.

The name "Melbourn" comes from Meldeburn, the "stream of a man named Melde".

Church
The finding of a Saxon cemetery shows that Christianity has been present in Melbourn since the 7th century. The village also probably had an 11th-century chapel but the first record of a church is from 1152. The present church, dedicated to All Saints, is Grade II* listed. R.R. Rowe conducted a major restoration in 1882 but the church includes sections of the 13th-century building, including the chancel arch and sections of the tower. The font is 11th century.

Village life
It has a primary school and a state secondary school, Melbourn Village College. There is also a well-known science park. There is a butcher's, a co-op food shop, five hairdressers, a barber shop, two estate agents, two pubs, a newsagent, a sub-post office, two garages and three churches (Anglican, Baptist and URC). Sheene Mill, on the River Mel northwest of the village, is now a hotel and restaurant, formerly owned by the television chef Steven Saunders.

The nearest railway station is, in the neighbouring village, which opened in 1851 on the Cambridge line.

Pubs
Melbourn was much visited by travellers by the 17th century and is listed as having an inn in 1622. By the late 18th century the village supported three: the Dog, of unknown history, the Red Lion, that closed towards the end of the 19th century, and the Hoops, that closed in the early 20th century. In 1865 the village had 11 inns and pubs, including the Black Horse, the Star, the White Lion, the Anchor, the Carriers Arms and the Red Cow. The Rose Inn and the Coach and Horses opened in around 1850.

The oldest of the two present public houses is the Dolphin, which dates from 1818. The other is the Black Horse.

title: Melbourn


text:
Talk:List of genetic disorders

Overlapping categories of Muscular Dystrophy in this article
Muscular Dystrophy is a group of neuromuscular disorders. Some types of MD are already included with the complete category as a whole is also included as well. Should we specify MD by including subgroups? There are Emery-Dreifuss and Myotonic already included. Poeticfeelings (talk) 12:58, 14 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Major updates: New subgroups of MD added. I will add more in the future if I get the chance! The error in a deletion syndrome has been fixed. Couple references have been added. Poeticfeelings (talk) 15:02, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

Benjamin Syndrome
Hi! I think the section regarding Benjamin Syndrome needs to be updated to 'Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome'. I am new to editing on Wikipedia- so I'm not entirely sure if the source (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5973194/) is according to the policy. Thanks Oluwa24 (talk) 00:53, 29 May 2022 (UTC)

Gilbert Syndrome
Hi, I can not to find Gilbert Syndrome in the list (https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gilberts-syndrome/). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.182.214.96 (talk) 19:17, 6 July 2023 (UTC)

Inclusion criteria and medref tag
I noticed the medref tag sitting on the top of the page, since 2017 added here. As far as I can tell, being list-class there is no specific requirement for medical citations for this page, notability and verifiability better being established by the list's individual article entries. It seems like there was no selection criteria explicitly established for the page; to me it seems to have been following the first option at WP:CSC which is Every entry meets the notability criteria for its own non-redirect article in the English Wikipedia.

Based on this, I'm going to remove the template. It seems the "references" column is almost all empty and doesn't seem to serve much purpose - under the assumption that all the respective articles with entries here are using the references in their own articles. If there are no objections for a week or so I will remove this column for this reason. Darcyisverycute (talk) 11:49, 16 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of genetic disorders


text:
Talk:Bolesław the Pious

Untitled
Isn't he the same as Boleslaus V of Poland? User: Dimadick
 * Nope. They had the same first name, died in the same year and were members of Piast dynasty, but they were two different people. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 17:12, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bolesław the Pious


text:
1968 in rail transport

January

 * January 6 – The Hixon rail crash occurs when a low-loader road transporter is struck by an express train on an automatic half-barrier level crossing at Hixon, Staffordshire, England. 11 people are killed. This has repercussions on the arrangements for automating level crossings on British Rail.

February

 * February 1 – The Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central Railroad merge to form the Penn Central. Terms of the merger with the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad have not yet been agreed with the Interstate Commerce Commission; in the interim, the Penn Central will financially support the New Haven.
 * February 9 – The first line of the Rotterdam Metro opens, being the first rapid transit line to open in The Netherlands.

March

 * March 4 – Pear Tree and Normanton railway station in Derby, England, is closed as part of the Beeching cuts.

April

 * April 1 – Abukuma Express line opened in Japan.
 * April 4 – Transit Planning Study Chicago Central Area, a three volume report authorized in 1965, is published by the City of Chicago, Chicago Transit Authority, and other public agencies. It proposed a new Loop Subway under Randolph, Wabash, Van Buren and Franklin Streets to replace the Loop elevated system (which still exists today), and a Distributor Subway system under Monroe Street to the North Michigan Avenue business district and McCormick Place. After 1970, it was referred to as the Chicago Central Area Transit Project.
 * April 5 – The Ulster Transport Authority (UTA), responsible for closing most of the northern part of the Irish railway system, is dissolved. Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) (formed as Ulster Transport Railways) takes over operation of railways in Northern Ireland.
 * April 7 – Kobe Rapid Transit Railway Line, Hanshin Sannomiya to Nishidai and Hankyu Sannomiya to Shinkaichi route officially completed in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, Sanyo Himeji to Umeda of Osaka route direct commuter express service start to 1998.
 * April 8
 * The last run of the Golden State passenger train on the Rock Island and Southern Pacific railroads departs Los Angeles, California.
 * The final Southern Pacific Lark departs from Los Angeles en route to San Francisco.
 * April 27 – Kamalapur railway station was inaugurated by Pakistani president Ayub Khan in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

June

 * June 12 – Following the withdrawal of Soo Line Railroad's objections, the Interstate Commerce Commission reaffirms its approval of the proposed CNW/CGW merger.
 * June 21 – Toei Subway Line 1 (present-day Asakusa Line) opens between Daimon and Sengakuji in Tokyo, Japan, enabling through service onto the Keihin Kyuko Railway (Keikyu). This is the sixth extension of the line since it opened in 1960.

July

 * July 1 – The Chicago Great Western Railway is merged into the Chicago and North Western Railway to avoid bankruptcy.
 * July 4 – Renfe opens the Madrid–Burgos direct railway in Spain using Talgo trains.
 * July 19 – Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway's Texas Chief passenger train discontinues station stops at Dallas, Texas.
 * July 30
 * The Chicago and North Western Railway railroad acquires the Des Moines and Central Iowa Railway and the Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Southern Railway.
 * The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway operates its last passenger train on its subsidiary Grand Canyon Railway, carrying only three passengers for the final run.

August

 * August 4 – Santa Fe Railroad discontinues the Dallas, Texas, section of the Texas Chief.
 * August 11 – British Rail operates its last steam locomotives on the standard gauge, the "Fifteen Guinea Special".
 * August 22 – Magma Arizona Railroad discontinues its use of steam locomotives.

September

 * September 1 – The Victoria line of the London Underground opens between Walthamstow Central and Highbury and Islington.

October

 * October 4 – First section of Frankfurt U-Bahn opens, pioneering the Stadtbahn concept in Germany.
 * October 14 – The Queen opens British Rail's rebuilt Euston station in London.

November

 * November 15 – Toei Subway Line 1 (present-day Asakusa Line) opens between Sengakuji and Nishi-magome in Tokyo, Japan. This is the seventh extension of the line since it opened in 1960.
 * November 30 – Swiss Federal Railways officially operates its last steam locomotive on the standard gauge.

December

 * December 5 – The Southern Railway (U.S.) discontinues the Carolina Special.
 * December 6 – Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad operates its last steam-hauled freight train over its gauge San Juan Extension, Alamosa–Durango.
 * December 23 – Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, opened in China, with a rail track on the lower deck completing the Beijing–Shanghai railway.
 * December 27 – Toei Mita Line opened in Japan with an initial section between Sugamo and Shimura (now Takashimadaira).
 * December 31 – Penn Central's purchase of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad is completed.

Unknown date

 * The fully automated Muskingum Electric Railroad in southeastern Ohio begins operation.
 * Murmansk–Nikel Railway completed throughout.
 * South African Railways gauge NGG16 class no. 156 completed by Hunslet Taylor, Johannesburg: last Garratt locomotive and SAR's last steam locomotive.
 * The Philippine National Railways scraps its last known flagship tender locomotive built prior to World War II. Manila Railroad No. 176, a 170 class locomotive, entered service in 1922 and was primarily used on the inaugural Bicol Express to Legazpi, Albay starting in 1938.

Deaths

 * October 7 - Richard M. Dilworth, General Motors Electro-Motive Division chief engineer credited with developing the diesel-electric locomotive concept in the 1930s (b. 1885).

title: 1968 in rail transport


text:
1859 in rail transport

February events

 * February 11 — The Atchison and Topeka Railroad Company, forerunner of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, is chartered in Kansas.
 * February 13 — Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad completes construction of its line across Missouri to connect its namesake cities.

March events

 * March 3 — Construction begins on the first railway in northern India as tracks are laid between the present day locations of Allahabad and Kanpur.
 * March 15 – While under lease to Bristol and Exeter Railway, the Somerset Central Railway is extended to Wells.

May events

 * May 2 — Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge at Saltash in Cornwall, England, opened by Prince Albert.
 * May 4 — Cornwall Railway opened across the Royal Albert Bridge linking the counties of Devon and Cornwall in England.

June events

 * June 2 — The organization that is to become the Chicago and North Western Railway purchases the assets of the bankrupt Chicago, St. Paul and Fond du Lac Railroad.
 * June 7 — The Chicago and North Western Railway is chartered.

August events

 * August — Samuel Marsh succeeds Charles Moran as president of the Erie Railroad.

September events

 * September 1 — The first Pullman sleeping car leaves Bloomington, Illinois, on an overnight trip to Chicago; first Pullman conductor is Jonathan L. Barnes.
 * September 12 – At a meeting under Drammen chairmanship in Norway, construction of a railway line to connect Drammen and Randsfjorden, later known as the Randsfjorden Line, is selected over the option for a waterway.
 * September 22 – The Chemins de fer de l'Est opens its line from Paris Gare de la Bastille to Vincennes and La Varenne in France.

October events

 * October 3 — The Cologne-Minden Railway Company opens the Cathedral Bridge (Dombrücke) across the Rhine in Cologne giving access to the city's new Central Station.

December events

 * December 27 — Grand Trunk Railway completes construction of the rail line from Toronto to Sarnia, Ontario, and begins a train ferry connection across the St. Clair River at Fort Gratiot.

Unknown date events

 * Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España of Spain introduces its standard 0-6-0 goods locomotives, almost all of which will be in service for more than a century.

January births

 * January 11 — Charles Bowen-Cooke, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London and North Western Railway 1909–1920 (d. 1920).

April births

 * April 3 – Darius Miller, president of Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad 1910–1914, is born (d. 1914).
 * April 11 — Stuart R. Knott, president of Kansas City Southern Railway 1900–1905 (d. 1943).

July births

 * July 21 — Hugo Lentz, Austrian inventor of a valve gear for steam engines (d. 1944).

November births

 * November 13 — Georg Knorr, inventor of the Knorr brake, is born (d. 1911).

December births

 * December 3 — Vincent Raven, chief mechanical engineer of the North Eastern Railway from 1910 to 1922 (d. 1934).

September deaths

 * September 15 — Isambard Kingdom Brunel, civil engineer of the Great Western Railway, dies (b. 1806).

October deaths

 * October 12 — Robert Stephenson, English railway civil engineer and steam locomotive builder (b. 1803).

title: 1859 in rail transport


text: Category:1278 deaths

title: Category:1278 deaths