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Cristóvão Falcão

Cristóvão Falcão (c. 1512 – c. 1557), sometimes Cristóvão Falcão de Sousa or Cristóvão de Sousa Falcão, was a Portuguese poet, that came of a noble family settled at Portalegre in the Alentejo, which had originated with John Falconet, one of the Englishmen who went to Portugal in 1386 in the suite of Philippa of Lancaster. His father, João Vaz de Almada Falcão, was an upright public servant who had held the captaincy of Elmina on the West African coast, but died, as he had lived, a poor man.

There is a tradition that in boyhood Cristóvão fell in love with a beautiful child and rich heiress, D. Maria Brandão, and in 1526 married her clandestinely, but parental opposition prevented the ratification of the marriage. Family pride, it is said, drove the father of Cristóvão to keep his son under strict surveillance in his own house for five years, while the lady's parents, objecting to the youth's small means, put her into the Cistercian convent of Lorvão, and there endeavoured to wean her heart from him by the accusation that he coveted her fortune more than her person. Their arguments and the promise of a good match ultimately prevailed, and in 1534 D. Maria left the convent to marry D. Luís de Silva, captain of Tangier, while the broken-hearted Cristóvão told his sad story in some beautiful lyrics and particularly in the eclogue Chrisfal.

He had been the disciple and friend of the poets Bernardim Ribeiro and Francisco de Sá de Miranda, and when his great disappointment came, Falcão laid aside poetry and entered on a diplomatic career. There is documentary evidence that he was employed at the Portuguese embassy in Rome in 1542, but he soon returned to Portugal, and we find him at court again in 1548 and 1551. The date of his death, as of his birth, is uncertain.

Such is the story accepted by Teófilo Braga, but Delfim Guimarães shows that the first part is doubtful, and, putting aside the testimony of a contemporary and grave writer, Diogo do Couto, he even denies the title of poet to Cristóvão Falcão, arguing from internal and other evidence that Chrisfal is the work of Bernardim Ribeiro; his destructive criticism is, however, stronger than his constructive work. The eclogue, with its 1005 verses, is the very poem of saudade, and its simple, direct language and chaste and tender feeling, enshrined in exquisitely sounding verses, has won for its author lasting fame and a unique position in Portuguese literature. Its influence on later poets has been very considerable, and Camões used several of the verses as proverbs.

The poetical works of Cristóvão Falcão were published anonymously, owing, it is supposed, to their personal nature and allusions, and, in part or in whole, they have been often reprinted. There is a critical edition of Chrisfal and A Carta (the letter) by Epiphandro da Silva Dias under the title Obras de Christovão Falcão, (Porto, 1893), and one of the Cantigas Esparsas by the same scholar appeared in the Revista Lusitana (vol. 4, pp. 142-f 79, Lisbon, 1896), under the name Fragmento de um Cancioneiro do Século XV. The Trovas de Chrisfal, in what appears to be the earliest known version, consists of 1015 verses. This text, though known earlier, was finally edited in 1995 (by Rip Cohen), all previous editions having been based on the edition of Ferrara.

title: Cristóvão Falcão


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DDR Freak

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was MERGE and REDIRECT to Dance Dance Revolution. (The merge had already been carried out.)

I count six deletes, a redirect, three merges (including the nominator), and two keeps. There is no consensus for deletion; however, there is a clear consensus that this information should not remain in an independent article. —Korath (Talk) 17:50, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

DDR Freak
I'm re-listing this page because it hasn't had any content added since the last time it was on VfD, just formatting and clean-up. The DDR Freak website does not have the potential to become encyclopedic. The site has songlists, stepcharts, and basic information on the game Dance Dance Revolution, but it has no notable history of its own. At best, one could list the different site layouts, major downtimes, and partnership with Red Octane, an online store that advertises on the site. The forums, which are a major portion of the site, are mainly used to discuss information that's already covered in Dance Dance Revolution and the individual game pages. The only thing I can really recall as being memorable is their April Fool's joke, where every member was turned into a moderator. Otherwise, see Internet forums for more info.

I've already added DDR Freak's relevant information to Dance Dance Revolution.

To sum it up, DDR Freak is well-known as a portal for DDR information and discussion, but not as a point of interest or discussion itself. --Poiuytman 10:16, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Redirect Kappa 10:42, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No change of vote — Keep or Merge and redirect into the main Dance Dance Revolution article. —RaD Man (talk) 11:05, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * COMMENT: Poiuytman orginally redirected this page, but was reverted on the grounds that the page survived VfD before. Kappa 11:09, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Everyking 14:35, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. With an Alexa rank of 70,000+, this website isn't notable enough to merit an article in the Wikipedia. --BM 15:15, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete and merge into the Dance Dance Revolution article. Carrp | Talk 15:30, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, anything worth mentioning about it is already at Dance Dance Revolution. — Ливай | ☺ 17:26, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's what happens when pages get merged. Kappa 22:17, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete or, if information absolutely must be kept, redirect to Dance Dance Revolution. (Note: If information has been merged, then we need to keep the original article as a redirect.) -Aranel (" Sarah ") 01:29, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment Disclaimer: I put this on VfD last time. It might worth some mention concerning the popularity of DDR (i.e. The DDR phenomenon). However, I think the internet fandom section is not very well written; it does not look encycloprdic. A note to Poiuytman: (A follow up to last discussion) I used to be a mod of a DDR board, so I know quite a few thing about the DDR culture, but I currently do not have time to modify that section yet. SYSS Mouse 03:57, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Sean Curtin 17:25, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. Megan1967 00:23, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I second SYSS Mouse's comments. 131.107.0.101
 * User's first edit. —Korath (Talk) 17:50, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge & Redirect. Iff it merits its own article, fork it. Alphax (t) (c) (e) 00:06, Mar 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * Merge & Redirect. I think that the Internet Fandom blurb in DDR is adequate for now. It may be worth exploring writing a full fledged article, but none of us who care (such as SYSS and me) have had the chance to expand it. Since the Internet Fandom section isn't necessarily encyclopedic, I'd recommend improving that section and possibly creating a dedicated article in the future if it's warranted. Full disclosure: As I mentioned in the original VfD, I am an administrator of DDR Freak. And no, I did not submit the original article. I was as surprised as anybody to see it. Ameltzer 21:55, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Yvon Chouinard

Yvon Chouinard (born November 9, 1938) is an American rock climber, environmentalist, philanthropist, and outdoor industry businessman. His company, Patagonia, is known for its commitment to protecting the environment. He was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2023.

Chouinard is also a surfer, kayaker, and falconer and is particularly fond of tenkara fly-fishing. He has written about climbing issues and ethics and on mixing environmentalism and business.

Early life
Chouinard's father was a French-Canadian handyman, mechanic, and plumber. In 1947, Yvon and his family moved from Lewiston, Maine to Southern California. They were Catholic.

His early climbing partners included Royal Robbins and Tom Frost. A Sierra Club member, in his youth he founded the Southern California Falconry Club, and it was his investigations of falcon aeries that led him to rock climbing. To save money and to make adaptations for the way he was climbing, he decided to make his own climbing tools by teaching himself blacksmithing, and eventually started a business.

Yosemite rock climber to leading alpinist
Chouinard was one of the leading climbers of the "Golden Age of Yosemite Climbing." He was one of the protagonists of the film made about this era: Valley Uprising (2014). He participated in the first ascent of the North America Wall in 1964 (with Royal Robbins, Tom Frost, and Chuck Pratt), using no fixed ropes. The next year, his and TM Herbert's ascent of the Muir Wall on El Capitan improved the style of previous first ascents. Chouinard became the most articulate advocate of the importance of style, the basis of modern rock climbing.

In 1961, he visited Western Canada with Fred Beckey, and made several important first ascents, including the North Face of Mount Edith Cavell (Rockies), the Beckey-Chouinard Route on South Howser Tower in the Bugaboos (Purcell Mountains), and the North Face of Mount Sir Donald (Selkirk Mountains). These climbs opened his eyes to the idea of applying Yosemite big-wall climbing techniques to mountain climbing, and his advocacy was important to modern, high-grade alpinism. Also in 1961, he visited Shawangunk Ridge for the first time, freeclimbing the first pitch of Matinee (the hardest free climb done at Shawangunk Ridge at the time); and introducing chrome-molybdenum steel pitons to the area, which revolutionized climbing protection. In 1968, he climbed Cerro Fitzroy in Patagonia by a new route (The Californian Route, 3rd overall ascent of the mountain) with Dick Dorworth, Chris Jones, Lito Tejada-Flores, and Douglas Tompkins.

Chouinard has also traveled and climbed in the European Alps and in Pakistan.

Chouinard Equipment, Ltd.
In 1957, he bought a second-hand coal-fired forge, and started making hardened steel pitons for use in Yosemite Valley. Between time spent surfing and climbing, he sold pitons out of the back of his car to support himself. The improved pitons were a big factor in the birth of big-wall climbing from 1957 to 1960 in Yosemite. The success of his pitons caused him to found Chouinard Equipment, Ltd.

In the late 1960s, Chouinard and business partner Tom Frost began studying ice climbing equipment, and re-invented the basic tools (crampons and ice axes) to perform on steeper ice. These new tools and his book Climbing Ice (1978) started the modern sport of ice climbing.

Around 1970, he became aware that the use of steel pitons made by his company was causing significant damage to the cracks of Yosemite. These pitons composed 70 percent of his income. In 1971 and 1972, Chouinard and Frost introduced new aluminum chockstones, called Hexentrics and Stoppers, along with the less successful steel Crack-n-Ups, and committed the company to the advocacy of the new tools and a new style of climbing called "clean climbing." This concept revolutionized rock climbing and led to further success of the company, despite cannibalizing the sales of pitons, formerly his most important product.

They applied for a U.S. patent on Hexentrics in 1974, and it was granted on April 6, 1976. These are still manufactured by Black Diamond Equipment.

In the latter 1960s, Chouinard attempted a number of significant technological and technique changes to ice climbing after trips to the Alps in Europe and Sierra Nevada ice gullies in autumn. He removed the flex from crampons, making them more rigid for front-pointing. He drew the taper of a rock hammer into a point for better ice purchase. He increased the cross section of ice screws while also using lighter materials. He experimented with pick and blade issues with ice axes. Prior to this, much of ice climbing was seen as mere step cutting. He attempted to replace hand ice picks (climbing type) with a small ice axe head called a Climaxe.

In 1989, Chouinard Equipment, Ltd. filed for bankruptcy protection in order to protect it from liability lawsuits. The hard assets of Chouinard Equipment, Ltd. were acquired by its employees through the Chapter 11 process, and the company was reestablished as Black Diamond Equipment, Ltd.

Patagonia and environmentalism
Chouinard is most known for founding the clothing and gear company Patagonia. Chouinard started to sell clothes by chance as a way to support his moderately profitable equipment business. In 1970 on a trip to Scotland, he purchased some rugby shirts and sold them with great success. From this small start, the Patagonia company developed a wide selection of rugged technical clothing. According to Chouinard, the intent of Patagonia is to make clothes for people under the rugged, southern Andes/Cape Horn conditions of places like Patagonia.

Recognizing that the financial success of the company provided the opportunity to also achieve personal goals, Chouinard committed the company to being an outstanding place to work, and to be an important resource for environmental activism. In 1984, Patagonia opened an on-site cafeteria offering "healthy, mostly vegetarian food," and started providing on-site child care. In 1986, Chouinard committed the company to "tithing" for environmental activism, committing one percent of sales or ten percent of profits, whichever is the greater. The commitment included paying employees working on local environmental projects so they could commit their efforts full-time.

In the early 1990s, an environmental audit of Patagonia revealed the surprising result (at the time), that corporate cotton, although it was a natural material, had a heavy environmental footprint. In 1996, Chouinard committed the company to using all organic cotton.

In 2002, Yvon Chouinard founded 1% for the Planet and Patagonia became the first business to commit 1% of annual sales to the environment.

In 2014, Patagonia supported the advocacy documentary film DamNation, which is about changing attitudes in America towards its dams. Chouinard was the executive producer of the film, and he was also featured in the film commenting about dams.

In 2018, in acknowledgment that sustainability and responsible practices are core to Patagonia, Yvon Chouinard was recognized with the Sierra Club's top award, the John Muir Award.

In 2022, Chouinard announced that he was donating ownership in Patagonia to a trust to ensure profits are used for addressing climate change. Chouinard's family retains control of the company's voting stock through the Patagonia Purpose Trust.

Personal life
In 1971, Chouinard met and married his wife, Malinda Pennoyer, who was an art and home economics student at California State University, Fresno. They have a son (Fletcher) and a daughter (Claire), both of whom work for Patagonia.

In 2021, Yvon Chouinard received an honorary degree from Bates College.

Publications

 * Chouinard, Yvon; Mathews, Craig; Mazzo, Mauro (2014) Simple Fly Fishing: Techniques for Tenkara and Rod & Reel. Patagonia Books. ISBN 978-1938340369
 * Chouinard, Yvon; Mathews, Craig; Mazzo, Mauro (2014) Simple Fly Fishing: Techniques for Tenkara and Rod & Reel. Patagonia Books. ISBN 978-1938340369
 * Chouinard, Yvon; Mathews, Craig; Mazzo, Mauro (2014) Simple Fly Fishing: Techniques for Tenkara and Rod & Reel. Patagonia Books. ISBN 978-1938340369
 * Chouinard, Yvon; Mathews, Craig; Mazzo, Mauro (2014) Simple Fly Fishing: Techniques for Tenkara and Rod & Reel. Patagonia Books. ISBN 978-1938340369

Notable ascents

 * 1961 North Face, Mount Edith Cavell, Canadian Rockies (First ascent with Fred Beckey and Dan Doody).
 * 1962 Northeast Face, Disappointment Peak, Teton Range, Wyoming. (IV 5.9 A3) First ascent with Tom Frost.
 * 1964 North American Wall, El Capitan, Yosemite Valley – (VI 5.8 A5 3000') – First ascent with Royal Robbins, Tom Frost and Chuck Pratt.
 * 1965 Muir Wall, El Capitan, Yosemite Valley – (VI 5.10 A3) – First ascent with TM Herbert, June 1965.
 * 1968 Southwest Ridge aka California Route, Cerro Fitzroy, Patagonia First ascent of route with Doug Tompkins, Lito Tejada-Flores, Chris Jones and Dick Dorworth, 3rd ascent of peak.
 * 1975 Diamond Couloir (direct finish) Mount Kenya, Kenya. First ascent of direct finish with Michael Covington, January 1975.

title: Yvon Chouinard


text: User talk:68.6.238.103

title: User talk:68.6.238.103


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Warehouse District/Hennepin Avenue station

The Warehouse District/Hennepin Avenue station station is a light rail station on the Blue Line and Green Line in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the original northern terminus of the Blue Line until the new Target Field station opened on November 14, 2009 to provide access to the new Northstar Commuter Rail line.

The Warehouse District station is located on 5th Street North, between 1st Avenue North and Hennepin Avenue in downtown Minneapolis. This is a center-platform station with one traffic lane to the south of the platform. Service began at this station when the Blue Line opened on June 26, 2004, and this station is where the opening ceremony was held. The first train departed at 11:00 a.m. on that day.

The station was designed by ESG Architecture & Design, who also designed the adjacent Nicollet Mall station. To reflect its neighborhood, the station incorporates brickwork and metal columns into the design. The public art installation, Untilted, by Penny Rakoff and Bill McCullam depict labor disputes that occurred in the city in the first half of the 20th century, most notably the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934. Images are printed onto ten 15.5 × 12.25 inch and two-hundred 2.75 × 2.75 inch tiles.

This station is planned to a stop on the METRO E Line.

The Target Center, home of the Minnesota Timberwolves, is a block from the station. Although Target Field station is the official stop for the Minnesota Twins' Target Field, Warehouse/Hennepin also sees significant traffic during Twins games.

Notable places nearby

 * First Avenue & 7th Street Entry
 * Mayo Clinic Square
 * Target Center


text: User talk:62.152.115.69

title: User talk:62.152.115.69


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Falck

Falck may refer to:

 * Falck (surname)
 * Falck (emergency services company), Danish emergency service corporation
 * Falck Group, Italian steel mill company
 * Falck Renewables, Italian renewable energy project developer
 * Falck USA, American emergency services company
 * Group 4 Falck, Danish security company
 * Falck, Moselle, commune of the Moselle département in France

title: Falck


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Hook 'em Horns

Hook 'em Horns is the chant and hand signal of The University of Texas at Austin. Students, alumni, and fans of the university employ a greeting consisting of the phrase "Hook 'em" or "Hook 'em Horns" and also use the phrase as a parting good-bye or as the closing line in a letter or story.

The gesture is meant to approximate the shape of the head and horns of the UT mascot, the Texas Longhorn Bevo. The sign is made by extending the index and pinky fingers while grasping the second and third fingers with the thumb. The arm in use is usually extended, but the sign can also be given with the arm bent at the elbow. The sign is often seen at sporting events, during the playing of the school song "The Eyes of Texas", and during the playing of the school fight song "Texas Fight". It is one of the most recognized hand signals of all American universities. A variant of the Horns, formed upside down with the thumb pointed outward, is often used by rivals of the Longhorns and is considered insulting, especially when performed by a player or coach of the team in question.

History
The first known usage of the "Hook 'em" phrase comes from a South Saint Paul Booster Club organized for the Saint Paul Winter Carnival in 1916 and achieved national scope from use at the University of Minnesota through the 1930s. Minnesota didn't trademark the phrase or the hand signal. Neither did the University of Iowa. There was also a Texas basketball team during the 1930s known as the "Hook 'Em Cows" which may have contributed to the use of the phrase and gesture at the University of Texas.

In 1955, Harley Clark, who would later introduce the signal, got the idea for the hand-sign from his colleagues Tom Butts and Henry K. Pitts, who had been casting shadows on the wall at the Texas Union. Clark was a member of the Tejas Club, as well as head cheerleader at UT, a position that was elected by the student body. "It was second only in importance to the Texas governor," he jokes. Clark showed an enthusiastic student body the sign a few nights later at a football pep rally at Gregory Gym. According to Neal Spelce, who attended the rally when he was a student at the university, "a lot of people didn't get it right at first," but it caught on rapidly from there. By the thousands, students extended an arm to create the now famous salute. The next day, at the Texas Longhorn vs. TCU football game, Clark stood in awe as the "Hook 'em Horns" hand sign surged from one side of the stadium to the other.

Within a few years, the symbol was widely known to football fans across the state and country. Sports Illustrated featured the Hook 'em Horns symbol in front of a Texas pennant on the cover of their 10 September 1973 issue. That issue of the magazine highlighted the Texas football program as the best in the nation at that time.

Beginning in 2004, The University of Texas has featured the slogan in a television advertisement titled "Rallying Cry". The advertisement is one of nine ads that make up the "What Starts Here Changes the World" campaign, all of which are narrated by university alumnus Walter Cronkite. The narration for "Rallying Cry" is:

 * Is there a rallying cry for the thinkers and doers of tomorrow? A motto that sums up their passion for creativity and their pursuit of discovery? Sure there is: "Hook 'em, Horns". We're Texas. What starts here...changes the world.

The hand gesture is not featured in the advertisement, which shows an aerial view flying along Interstate 35, then over downtown Austin, Texas, past the Texas State Capitol and finally arriving at the Tower of the Main Building as Cronkite says the slogan. The advertisements are typically run during NCAA sporting events.

Identical gestures
In other parts of the world, specifically Italy, the identical corna gesture is often used to imply cuckoldry. The gesture is also sometimes associated with the occult and satanism. The images of Jenna Bush publicly "throwing the horns" made headlines on tabloid news in Norway and caused the First Lady's press secretary, Gordon Johndroe, to giggle when he discovered the gesture, signed on one hand ("the head") in conjunction with flapping of the fingers on other hand (the "business end"), means bullshit in sign language.

In 1985, five Americans were arrested, due to its satanic connotations after dancing and displaying the gesture in front of the Vatican. According to an article authored by Jack Douglas, Jr., in Russia, it's a derogatory symbol for the newly rich, arrogant and poorly educated.

The sign is also heavily used as a symbol for Heavy Metal music and sub-culture since the early 1970s. It was popularized by the singer Ronnie James Dio during concerts.

Similar uses for college athletics
Angelo State University Rams fans make the hook 'em sign but bend the knuckles a bit to look like a ram's horns.

Fans of Texas Christian University Horned Frogs athletics make a peace sign and then bend their index and middle fingers to resemble the cranial horns of the horned lizard.

Fans of North Carolina State University Wolfpack athletics use a similar gesture with the middle and ring fingers moving up and down over the thumb to mimic the wolf's jaw.

Fans of North Dakota State University Bison athletics also use a similar hand gesture, known as "Go Bison!" The pinky and index fingers are usually slightly bent, however, to mimic the shape of a bison's horns.

Fans of University of Utah athletics, particularly football and gymnastics, use a gesture where the index and pinky finger are straight and parallel to each other, forming a block "U."

Fans of Northwestern State University Demon athletics also use a similar hand gesture, known as "Fork 'em!" The pinky and index fingers are extended but a little more parallel to each other resembling the horns on a demon.

Arizona State University Sun Devils fans make a pitchfork sign by extending the index and middle fingers, as well as the pinky. The thumb holds down the ring finger to complete the gesture. The same gesture is used by fans of the Univ. of Houston Cougars making a cat's paw, and Wichita State Shockers, which in this case represents a stylized "W".

Fans of the University of California, Irvine Anteaters use a similar sign with the middle and ring fingers out to resemble the head of the mighty anteater.

Fans of University of Nevada, Reno Wolf Pack athletics use a similar sign with the middle and ring fingers out to resemble the wolf's snout.

Fans of the University of South Florida Bulls use the same hand gesture to represent bullhorns.

Fans of the University of South Carolina use a similar sign with the thumb and pinky finger to resemble the spurs of a gamecock.

In popular culture

 * In 2006, country rap artist Cowboy Troy released a single called "Hook 'em Horns" as a tribute to The University of Texas at Austin.
 * Professional wrestler Stan Hansen used the Hook 'em Horns as his signature taunt.
 * Edge also makes use of the symbol during his entrances for wrestling (as the Devil Horns), and used it to openly mock Jim Ross who was an Oklahoma Sooners Football fan during a June 2008 episode of Raw.
 * Former UT football player Roy Williams flashed the symbol after scoring his first touchdown as a Dallas Cowboy.
 * Former UT and former Oklahoma City Thunder basketball player Kevin Durant frequently displays a Hook 'em Horns hand sign, much to the chagrin of Thunder fans, due to the long and storied rivalry between UT and the University of Oklahoma Sooners.
 * Former UT and Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Vince Young was involved in an altercation outside a Dallas strip club on June 13, 2010 after being provoked by a man who flashed him an upside-down Hook 'em Horns sign.

title: Hook 'em Horns


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Bayview station (Toronto)

Bayview is a station on Line 4 Sheppard of the Toronto subway. It is located at 550 Sheppard Avenue East, at Bayview Avenue. It opened in 2002. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

History
Bayview opened on November 24, 2002, along with the other stations on the Sheppard line.

In 2013, the TTC announced plans for a second Bayview station on Line 5 Eglinton. This station was renamed Leaside in January 2016.

Station description
Like all the other stations on the Sheppard line, Bayview is fully accessible. The main entrance on the northeast corner of Sheppard Avenue and Bayview Avenue is fully accessible, with elevator, escalator, and stair access to the west concourse level, where another elevator connects to the subway platform level. A second automatic entrance at the southeast corner of the intersection is also fully accessible, providing elevator, escalator, and stair access to the east concourse level. There is also a third entrance at the northwest corner of the intersection that is not accessible.

Architecture and art
Stevens Group Architects designed the station with Walter Construction being the general contractor. The high-ceilinged entrance pavilion is a distinctive feature of the station, with extensive glazing and long angled roofs overhanging the structure, evoking mid-century architecture.

The public art installed at the station by Gem Campbell Terrazzo & Tile is titled From Here Right Now, consisting of a variety of trompe-l'œil illustrations on the walls and floors created by Toronto artist Panya Clark Espinal. This led travel magazine BootsnAll to declare Bayview one of the 15 most beautiful subway stops in the world in 2011.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
The station itself was built by cut-and-cover but east of the station the tracks continue through dual bored tunnels toward Bessarion station, while west of the station similar tunnels go to Sheppard–Yonge station, where the tracks cross over the Yonge–University–Spadina line.

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include the Bayview Village Shopping Centre and the Kenaston Gardens YMCA, which has an entrance directly adjacent to the station. There is no indoor access to the subway from either Bayview Village or the YMCA.

Surface connections
A transfer is needed to connect to all bus routes at the curbside stops located directly outside the station.

TTC routes serving the station include:

title: Bayview station (Toronto)


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Al-Afdal Shahanshah

Al-Afdal Shahanshah (الأفضل شاهنشاه; Lavendalius/Elafdalio; 1066 – 11 December 1121), born Abu al-Qasim Shahanshah bin Badr al-Jamali, was a vizier of the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt. According to a later biographical encyclopedia, he was surnamed al-Malik al-Afdal ("the excellent king"), but this is not supported by contemporary sources.

Ascent to power
He was born in Acre, the son of Badr al-Jamali, an Armenian mamluk who became Muslim. Badr was vizier for the Fatimids in Cairo from 1074 until his death in 1094, when al-Afdal succeeded him. Caliph Al-Mustansir Billah died soon afterwards, and al-Afdal appointed as caliph al-Musta'li, a child, instead of al-Mustali's much older brother Nizar ibn al-Mustansir. Nizar revolted and was defeated in 1095; which led to tension between Al-Afdal and Nizar’s supporters, mainly Hassan-i Sabbah, and his Nizari Isma'ili group known also as the order of Assassins.

At this time Fatimid power in Palestine had been reduced by the arrival of the Seljuk Turks. In 1097 he captured Tyre from the Seljuks, and in 1098 he took Jerusalem, expelling its Artuqid governor Ilghazi and installing in his place the Fatimid official Iftikhar al-Dawla. Al-Afdal restored most of Palestine to Fatimid control, at least temporarily.

Under al-Afdal, the caliphs were confined in their palace, away from public view, and even bereft of their ceremonial functions, which al-Afdal arrogated to himself. The vizier even moved the setting for most public ceremonies and the celebration of festivals away from the caliphal palace to his own palace, the Dar al-Mulk, which he built in 1106–1108 outside the city walls of Cairo. Built on the shore of the Nile outside the city walls of Cairo, the large vizieral palace of Dar-al-Mulk has since disappeared without a trace.

Conflict with the Crusaders
Al-Afdal misunderstood the Crusaders as Byzantine mercenaries; this misperception caused al-Afdal to conclude that the Crusaders would make for natural allies, as each were enemies of the Seljuk Turks. Fatimid overtures for an alliance with the crusaders were rebuffed, and the crusaders continued southward from Antioch to capture Jerusalem from Fatimid control in 1099.

When it became apparent that the Crusaders would not rest until they had control of the city, al-Afdal marched out from Cairo, but was too late to rescue Jerusalem, which fell on 15 July 1099. On 12 August 1099, the Crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon surprised al-Afdal at the Battle of Ascalon and completely defeated him. Al-Afdal would later reassert Fatimid control of Ascalon, as the Crusaders did not attempt to retain it, and utilize it as a staging ground for later attacks on the Crusader states.

When al-Musta'li died in December 1101, al-Afdal raised the five-year-old al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah to the throne as imam and caliph. To further strengthen the familial ties with the young caliph, he married him to his own daughter. As the vizier, father-in-law, and uncle of the young ruler, al-Afdal placed the caliph before him on his own horse during al-Amir's inaugural procession. A decree, dictated by al-Afdal, renewed his appointment as vizier with plenipotentiary powers and ensured his ascendancy over the child-caliph.

Al-Afdal marched out every year to attack the nascent Kingdom of Jerusalem, and in 1105 attempted to ally with Damascus against them, but was defeated at the Third Battle of Ramla. Al-Afdal and his army enjoyed success only so long as no European fleet interfered, but they gradually lost control of their coastal strongholds; in 1109 Tripoli was lost, despite the fleet and supplies sent by al-Afdal, and the city became the centre of the Crusader state of the County of Tripoli. In 1110 the governor of Ascalon, Shams al-Khilafa, rebelled against al-Afdal with the intent of handing over the city to Jerusalem (for a large price). Al-Khilafa was assassinated by his Berber troops, sending his head to al-Afdal.

Al-Afdal also introduced tax (iqta') reform in Egypt, which remained in place until Saladin took over Egypt. Al-Afdal was nicknamed Jalal al-Islam ("Glory of Islam") and Nasir al-Din ("Protector of the Faith"). Ibn al-Qalanisi describes him as "a firm believer in the doctrines of Sunnah, upright in conduct, a lover of justice towards both troops and civil population, judicious in counsel and plan, ambitious and resolute, of penetrating knowledge and exquisite tact, of generous nature, accurate in his intuitions, and possessing a sense of justice which preserved him from wrongdoing and led him to shun all tyrannical methods."

Final years and assassination
In 1115, an assassin tried to kill al-Afdal, but he was saved by his bodyguards. While he was not harmed, his health deteriorated from that time, leading to assigning his brother Ja'far the task of adding the official, calligraphic signature to documents, while in 1115, he designated his son, Sama' al-Mulk Husayn, as his deputy (and thus heir-apparent). Following another failed attack by three assassins in 1118, al-Afdal suspected his own sons, and had them deprived of their positions and incomes.

On 13 December 1121, during a procession on the last day of Ramadan, al-Afdal was assassinated. The deed was commonly attributed to (and claimed by) the Nizari Order of Assassins. However, the contemporary Syrian chronicler Ibn al-Qalanisi states that the murder was the work of the Caliph al-Amir, and of al-Afdal's chief of staff, al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, who would succeed him as vizier. Modern scholars commonly accept the Assassins' responsibility for the deed, apparently as revenge for Nizar's death, but whatever his true role in his master's death, al-Bata'ihi moved quickly to take control of the situation. He took his master's body to the vizieral palace and delayed the announcement of his death until al-Amir could be notified. On the morning of the next day, Eid al-Fitr, al-Amir appointed al-Bata'ihi as vizier and publicly reasserted his position as head of the state by presiding at the day's ceremony. Al-Afdal's adult sons were imprisoned, but the other members of al-Afdal's family, to whom after all the caliph himself was related, were allowed to partake in the ceremony, and al-Afdal received a funeral and burial appropriate to his station. At the same time, al-Amir moved quickly to confiscate al-Afdal's enormous wealth, houses, and estates, and brought the moveable items to his own palace. So great was the treasure amassed by al-Afdal that chroniclers describe it as larger than that of any previous king, and it took forty days to move it to the caliph's palace.

Buildings
Little survives today of the buildings commissioned by al-Afdal during his long regency. The only known mosque commissioned by al-Afdal was the Mosque of the Elephant, built c. 1105 south of Fustat (Old Cairo), on a hill above the Lake of the Abyssinians (Birkat al-Habash). It was the site of the first, failed attempt to build a new observatory in 1119, before it was realised that the site was unsuitable. Some reports indicate that al-Afdal also rebuilt the mosque at Gizeh, which had been destroyed by the Nile floods, but this cannot be corroborated. Al-Afdal did also erect new minarets, including at the Mosque of Amr, but these do not survive. The large vizieral palace (Dar-al-Mulk) that was built on the shore of the Nile, outside the city walls of Cairo, has also disappeared without a trace. The only surviving piece of work is the mihrab of the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, commissioned during the first months of his rule.

title: Al-Afdal Shahanshah


text:
Texas State Highway 6

State Highway 6 (SH 6) runs from the Red River, the Texas–Oklahoma state line, to northwest of Galveston, where it is known as the Old Galveston Highway. In Sugar Land and Missouri City, it is known as Alvin-Sugarland Road and runs perpendicular to Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 (I-69/US 59). In the Houston area, it runs north to Farm to Market Road 1960 (FM 1960), then northwest along US 290 to Hempstead, and south to Westheimer Road and Addicks, and is known as Addicks Satsuma Road. In the Bryan–College Station area, it is known as the Earl Rudder Freeway. In Hearne, it is known as Market Street. In Calvert, it is known as Main Street. For most of its length, SH 6 is not a limited-access road. In 1997, the Texas Legislature designated SH 6 as the Texas Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway.

Historic routes
SH 6 was one of the original 25 state highways proposed on June 21, 1917, overlaying the King of Trails Highway. From 1919, the routing mostly followed present-day US 75 from Oklahoma to Dallas, then US 77 to Waco.

Current routes
On August 21, 1923, SH 6 was extended along the eastern Gulf Division branch of SH 2 to keep SH 2 from having two separate highways with the same number. In 1926, US 75 and US 77 were overlaid on northern SH 6 from Waco northward through the Dallas area to Denison, and US 75 was overlaid on the section from Houston to Galveston. In 1935, US 290 was overlaid on the section from Hempstead to Houston. While the routes were marked concurrently, the concurrent SH 6 kept its numbering until September 26, 1939, when SH 6 was truncated to the Gulf Division routing ending at Waco. It was rerouted south from Hempstead to Galveston, replacing SH 242 and SH 38.

On September 26, 1945, the roadway was extended northwest to Breckenridge over SH 67, continuing northwest to near Throckmorton along SH 157, which was decommissioned. That same day, the section in southeast Texas between Hempstead and Sugar Land was canceled, as it was redundant with the new FM 359. On August 20, 1952, the route was truncated on the north side, ending near Breckenridge. This section was transferred to US 183. On September 26, 1967, SH 6 was rerouted to bypass Bremond, with the old route through Bremond transferred to SH 14 and FM 46. On November 1, 1968, the section between Hempstead and Sugar Land was re-established, as it was routed along US 290 until it reached FM 1960, then replacing FM 1960 southward to where the southern branch of SH 6 intersected to what is now I-69/US 59 in Sugar Land. That portion of FM 1960 from US 290 to then US 90 at Addicks was built in the 1950s, replacing and rerouting some of what was known as Jackrabbit Road. In the early 1970s, the northern section underwent a massive rerouting due to realignments of numerous U.S. and state highways. On August 4, 1971, the section from Breckenridge south to Eastland was redesignated as SH 69. SH 6 was instead rerouted west along US 80 to Cisco, then replaced US 380 northwest to near Old Glory. The route was again extended on July 31, 1975, replacing SH 283 between Old Glory and Stamford northward to the Texas–Oklahoma border, completing the current routing of SH 6. The old route of SH 6 was transferred to new SH 283. On October 27, 1989, a section from US 90A to McKeever Road (McKeever Bypass) was added.

A spur, SH 6A was designated on August 1, 1928, from SH 6 to Texas City. On March 19, 1930, this route was renumbered as SH 146.

In June 2016, a section of the highway in Eastland County between Cisco and Albany was destroyed due to major flooding.

Route description
SH 6 begins at an intersection with I-45 and SH 3 in Bayou Vista, and proceeds to the northwest, paralleling the ATSF railroad tracks. The highway makes a mostly straight line through Galveston, Brazoria, and Fort Bend Counties, passing through the city of Alvin. As the highway traverses through Sugar Land, it makes a turn to the north after passing intersections with I-69/US 59 and Alternate US 90. The highway continues north into western Harris County, reaching the Westpark Tollway and I-10. It then intersects US 290 in CyFair, joining it as they travel to the northwest, thus finishing a large routing around the southern and western portions of Houston. The route continues northwest with US 290 as a limited-access highway. At Hockley, the highway veers to the right, forking from an old alignment of the highway, and bypassing the cities of Waller and Hempstead to the north. At Hempstead, it splits from US 290 and turns northward into Grimes County, where it bypasses the city of Navasota, while Business SH 6 passes through town. The highway then turns northwest again, crossing into Brazos County. The highway starts another bypass here, going around the Bryan–College Station area to the northeast, while the business route goes through these cities. On the northeast side of Bryan, the highway meets US 190, and they travel together to the northwest out of the region. SH 6 splits with US 190 in the town of Hearne, but joins US 79 before that route splits to the northeast about a mile north of town. SH 6 then continues northwest, traveling through lesser populated farmlands, before approaching Waco. Before entering Waco, it turns southwest on Loop 340, and bypasses Waco to the south. It reaches an intersection with I-35, and then turns to the northwest again, crossing over Lake Waco. The highway continues northwest and west through more farmland regions in Central Texas, before reaching an intersection with I-20 just south of Eastland. The route briefly turns west, traveling along the former route of US 80, before turning back to the northwest at Cisco. As it continues, it is briefly concurrent with US 180/US 277 in north central Texas. Just northwest of Stamford, the highway makes its final turn to the north at an intersection with SH 283. The highway then travels through sparsely populated areas of Haskell, Knox, Foard, and Hardeman counties before ending north of Quanah at the Red River, where it meets Oklahoma State Highway 6.

Business routes
SH 6 has four business routes.

Marlin business loop
Business State Highway 6-N (Bus. SH 6-N, formerly Loop 23) is a business loop that runs from SH 6 near Marlin in central Texas. The road was bypassed on November 30, 1978 by SH 6 and designated Loop 23. The road was redesignated as Business SH 6-N on June 21, 1990.

Reagan business loop
Business State Highway 6-P (Bus. SH 6-P) is a 0.754 mi business loop that runs near Reagan. The road was bypassed on June 25, 2015, by SH 6 when it was rerouted west. Bus. SH 6-P shares a short, one-block concurrency with FM 413 through Reagan. Both ends of the route are only accessible directly from SH 6 westbound. Access to SH 6 eastbound can only be reached via an interchange with SH 6 and FM 413.

Major intersections

Bryan-College Station business loop
Business State Highway 6-R (Bus. SH 6-R, formerly Loop 507) is a business loop that runs through Bryan and College Station. The route runs on Texas Avenue in both cities. The route, created in 1972 when SH 6 was routed further north and east, is 12.5 mi long. The road was redesignated as Bus. SH 6-R on June 21, 1990. It serves as the eastern boundary of Texas A&M University.

Navasota business loop
Business State Highway 6-S (Bus. SH 6-S, formerly Loop 508) is a business loop that runs through Navasota on La Salle Avenue. The route was created in 1972 when SH 6 was rerouted further north and east around town; it is 6.3 mi long. The road was redesignated as Bus. SH 6-S on June 21, 1990.

title: Texas State Highway 6


text:
Big Wreck

Big Wreck are a Canadian-American rock band formed by Ian Thornley and Brian Doherty in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1992. The band was rounded out with David Henning and Forrest Williams. They disbanded in 2002 and Ian Thornley pursued a solo career with his own band Thornley. In 2010, Ian Thornley and Brian Doherty reunited for a cross-Canada tour, playing both Big Wreck and Thornley songs. In 2012, under the name Big Wreck, the band released their third studio album, Albatross. The band has since released the albums Ghosts in 2014, Grace Street in 2017, ...But For the Sun in 2019, and 7 in 2023.

Formation as Still Waters, In Loving Memory Of... (1992–2000)
Big Wreck was originally formed in Boston, Massachusetts by guitarist Ian Thornley, guitarist Brian Doherty, bassist Dave Henning and drummer Forest Williams while they were students at the Berklee College of Music. Henning and Doherty were previously part of the band Divine Right with lead singer Jim McDermott and drummer Dave Tuohy. The future Big Wreck lineup began jamming and playing gigs together under the name Still Waters in 1992. Unsatisfied with their name, they set out to choose a new official band name, and according to Thornley they settled upon the name Big Wreck in 1994 after something went wrong during a rehearsal session and Doherty exclaimed the session was a "big wreck". Upon their formation, Thornley was not the original singer of the band, but he became the singer after the band couldn't find one. In early 1995, the band recorded and released their first known demo tape which featured six songs, one of which was the original recording of "Overemphasizing" which would be later remixed and remastered for their debut album. The other five songs have yet to see a commercial release. After a few years of gigging in the Boston area and Toronto, the band got signed to Atlantic Records and released their debut album In Loving Memory Of... in 1997. In the US, their single "The Oaf (My Luck Is Wasted)" reached the top ten on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Chart in early 1998. Four months later, their follow-up single "That Song" reached the top 40 on that same chart. The band found even bigger commercial success in Canada, scoring 4 top 40 hits on the Canadian Singles Chart. The band went on a 17-date tour to publicize their releases.

The Pleasure and the Greed, breakup, other projects (2000–2003)
Big Wreck released their second album, The Pleasure and the Greed, in June 2001. Three singles were released, all of which failed to chart in the U.S.

In October of that year, the band played a special show at Toronto's Roy Thomson Hall accompanied by the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and the Uzume Taiko Ensemble of drummers, guitarist Eric Johnson and The Tragically Hip's Paul Langlois and Robby Baker.

The band broke up in early 2003. Ian Thornley moved back to Toronto and formed the band Thornley. Brian Doherty moved to Camlachie, a small community near Sarnia, Ontario, where he taught guitar and prepared students for University or Conservatory entrance requirements. Doherty also went on to form the indie rock band Death of 8.

Reunion, Albatross, and Bag of Tricks (2010–2014)
In 2010, Doherty filled in as guitarist at a Thornley show during the Tiny Pictures tour, and that led to Doherty joining the band as a touring member. Later that year, a new tour promoted as "An Evening with Thornley and Big Wreck" followed, and as a result of the tour's success, the band assumed the Big Wreck moniker, including the existing members of Thornley in the new Big Wreck. In secret, Big Wreck had worked on a reunion album which would later be announced as Albatross. After recording the album, signing to Anthem, and departing from 604 Records in July 2011, drummer Christopher Henry left the group and was replaced with touring drummer Brad Park. In November 2011, Big Wreck released the lead single and title track off their upcoming album, "Albatross" their first single release in over ten years. The song received praise and chart success in both the US and Canada, eventually earning the band's first #1 hit.

On February 5, 2012, Big Wreck performed at the Sound Academy in Toronto for Canada's Official Super Bowl XLVI party. They also completed two tours that year, touring Canada from British Columbia to Ontario from April to July, then accompanying Theory of a Deadman for their Jingle Bell Rock tour from November to December, at which time Brad Park was replaced with Chuck Keeping on drums. On June 25, 2013, the band released their first EP, Bag of Tricks, which was compiled of live recordings from the Albatross Tour and a cover of The Cars' "Good Times Roll." It was released as a digital exclusive.

Ghosts and Grace Street (2014–2018)
In 2014, the band released their fourth studio album, Ghosts. The album was released in Canada on June 10, 2014, and in the US in July. The album reached #5 on the Canadian Albums Chart and #4 on the US Billboard Heatseekers Albums Chart. The album was nominated for "Rock Album of the Year" at the Juno Awards of 2015.

In November 2016, Big Wreck released a new single "One Good Piece Of Me" from their upcoming album, Grace Street.

On January 5, 2017, after the recording of Grace Street, but prior to its release, guitarist Paulo Neta departed from Big Wreck. Ian Thornley wrote the following on Big Wreck's Facebook page:

"Beloved Big Wreck fans, it's with a heavy heart that we announce Paulo's departure from the band. He has chosen to take a different path in his life and we stand behind his decision, and beside him for life. He is our brother and he will be missed greatly. There will always be room for him on any stage I play on. Ian & BW"

Grace Street was released on February 3, 2017. The band embarked on a 31-date tour in support of the album, with supporting act Ascot Royals.

20th anniversary tour, Brian Doherty's death, ...But for the Sun (2018–2020)
In 2018, Big Wreck embarked on a 35-date North American tour to celebrate the 20th anniversary of In Loving Memory Of..., in which they performed every song from the album at each show. Attica Riots were the supporting act for the tour. The album was also physically reissued the same year featuring new artwork and two previously unreleased outtakes from the recording sessions, plus the album's first ever vinyl press.

On February 22, 2019, Big Wreck released a new single, "Locomotive", from their upcoming album, ...But For the Sun. In a promotional interview soon after, Ian Thornley revealed the titles of several other upcoming songs from the album, including "Follow Me," "Give Us a Smile," and "Found My Place." On May 10, 2019, the band released a follow-up single, entitled "Too Far Gone."

Brian Doherty (born on April 2, 1968) died of lung cancer on June 5, 2019, at age 51. The band performed their previously scheduled shows as a trio, with Chris Caddell joining the band later that year. On July 22, 2019, the band released a third single entitled "One More Chance," along with a release date and a tracklist of ...But For the Sun. The album was released on August 30, 2019. The band embarked on a 49-date tour in support of the record, with Texas King as the supporting act.

7 (2020–2023)
In early 2021, Big Wreck announced that they had been working on new music for a follow-up to ...But for the Sun. They had recorded 15 songs for a new album, but had discussed releasing them in increments as opposed to the conventional full-length album format. This was due to Ian Thornley's belief in how music is consumed differently nowadays, and felt like fans would be able to take in the large amount of new material more easily by releasing a handful of songs at a time. It was also announced around this time that long-time drummer Chuck Keeping had left the group amicably to focus on family, and former Thornley drummer Sekou Lumumba had joined the band as their new drummer.

In the summer of 2021, the band released two one-off singles with the help of Chad Kroeger of Nickelback entitled "Middle of Nowhere" and "Ought to Be," the first of which became their highest charting single in Canada since "Albatross," peaking at #4. These songs were seen as a slight departure of style from the music the band usually releases, due to the more pop-influenced nature of the songs, similar to that of the Thornley albums from the 2000s. They would also be the final songs the band recorded with Chuck Keeping. The band also released their Bag of Tricks EP on limited edition coloured vinyl for Record Store Day.

On October 7, 2021, Big Wreck announced the upcoming release of 7.1, the first of three EPs (the latter consequently titled 7.2 and 7.3) that will be released individually and eventually put together to make the band's seventh full-length album. The lead single from the project "Bombs Away," was released the same day. A second single "Fields" (featuring Daniel Greaves of The Watchmen, and Ian D'Sa of Billy Talent on backing vocals) was released on November 12, 2021. 7.1 was released on November 19, 2021, and the band announced a 15-date tour of Canada. The first half of the tour was postponed to Spring 2022 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. BRKN LOVE and Monster Truck were the supporting acts for the tour. This was also the band's final campaign with Warner Music Canada before independently distributing and promoting their band under their own label, Big Wreck Music. The band released a cover of Sting's "Russians" to their Bandcamp website on March 4, 2022, in response to the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. All proceeds from the release were donated to the UNHRC. On May 6, 2022, the band released the third single of the project, entitled "Spit It Out," to Canadian radio stations. On June 1, 2022, the band announced the release 7.2 along with a campaign that allows people to pre-order the EP in several different formats, one of which featuring a bonus track. Each pre-order will allow people to enter a draw to win a turntable and with a one-off pressing of the EP. The same day, a fourth single "Better Off," was made available on streaming services. 7.2 was released on June 17, 2022. The band played various festivals and one-off summer shows to promote the EP. On September 30, 2022, the fifth single "Fear & Cowardice" was released to radio with a music video featuring live footage from an exclusive show at The Horseshoe Tavern that took place on July 21, 2022, Ian Thornley's 50th birthday. On November 24, 2022, bassist Dave McMillan hosted an exclusive livestream and confirmed that 7.3 would be released on March 24, 2023. On March 10, 2023, 7.3 was made available for digital pre-order and pre-save along with the sixth single of the project "Melody & Sound." 7.3 was released on March 24, 2023. The album was also released as a composite cassette with all three EPs put together. The band embarked on a tour with over 60 dates in support of 7 across Canada and the US over the course of the remainder of 2023. The Standstills, Texas King, Vilivant, and Daniel Greaves are supporting acts throughout the tour. On February 29, 2024, the band officially released 7 as a composite album to the general public as a triple vinyl gatefold package, a triple CD package, and a single cassette format. This officially concluded the release cycle of the record.

Pages (2023–present)
On May 24, 2023, Ian Thornley shared in-studio footage on Instagram of Big Wreck recording what's speculated to be a follow-up to 7, with renowned producer Nick Raskulinecz, who co-produced both Albatross and Ghosts with Big Wreck's long-time engineer and producer Eric Ratz. On October 4, 2023, the band officially announced their eighth studio album, Pages. Consisting of 18 brand new songs that were recorded in two weeks and following suit of their previous record, they will be releasing the new album as a trilogy of six-song EPs that will be eventually put together as one full-length LP. The first of which was released on November 24, 2023.

Current

 * Ian Thornley – lead vocals, lead guitar, keyboards (1992–2003, 2010–present)
 * Dave McMillan – bass guitar, backing vocals (2010–present)
 * Chris Caddell - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2019–present)
 * Sekou Lumumba – drums (2020–present)

Past

 * Brian Doherty – rhythm guitar, mandolin, banjo, backing vocals (1992–2003, 2010–2019; his death)
 * Dave Henning – bass guitar, backing vocals (1992–2003)
 * Forrest Williams - drums (1992–2003)
 * Paulo Neta – lead guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2010–2017)
 * Christopher Henry - drums (2010–2011)
 * Brad Park – drums (2011–2014)
 * Chuck Keeping – drums (2014–2020)

Tours

 * In Loving Memory of Tour (1997–1999)
 * The Pleasure and the Greed Tour (2001–2002)
 * An Evening with Ian Thornley and Big Wreck (2010)
 * Albatross Tour (2012–2013)
 * Ghosts Tour (2014)
 * Summer Tour 2016
 * Grace Street Tour (2017)
 * In Loving Memory Of...20th Anniversary Tour (2018)
 * Summer Tour 2018
 * But for the Sun Tour (2019)
 * 7 Tour (2021–2023)

Demos & EPs

 * Big Wreck - Demo (1995)
 * Bag of Tricks - Live EP (2013)
 * 7.1 - EP (2021)
 * 7.2 - EP (2022)
 * 7.3 - EP (2023)
 * Pages • 1 - EP (2023)

title: Big Wreck


text:
Bessarion station

Bessarion is a station on Line 4 Sheppard of the Toronto subway. Opened in 2002, it was consistently ranked the least-used station on the heavy-rail portion of the subway system (serving an average of 2,500 passengers per weekday between 2008 and 2018), until being displaced by Downsview Park station in 2018. However, by 2022, ridership at Downsview Park had increased to 8,845 riders per weekday versus 4,269 for Bessarion, again making this station the least used.

History
Due to numerous budget overruns that occurred during the construction of the Sheppard line, the TTC contemplated abandoning the plan to construct Bessarion station to save money. However, a decision was ultimately reached in October 1998 to proceed with building the station. This decision was influenced by the potential for redevelopment in the surrounding area. Councillor David Shiner played a key role in advocating for the station, highlighting its importance as a selling factor for proposed housing units.

During the excavation of the site, it was discovered that the soil had been contaminated with hydrocarbons, believed to be from the two filling stations that had previously occupied the area. As a precautionary measure, the soil was removed and decontaminated during the construction of the station. In the mid-2000s, Line 4 was dubbed a "white elephant" due to its low ridership levels. TTC officials joked that "keeping ticket sellers awake is the biggest challenge amid the boredom that is Bessarion station".

In 2007, developer Concord Adex began construction on Concord Park Place, an 45 acre condominium and townhouse development, next to Bessarion. Upon completion, the development will include 20 residential towers, 2 schools, a combined community centre and library, and a new public park. Initially, the project was criticized for being located too far from the station, but the developer asserted that the community centre would increase Bessarion's ridership. The Ethennonnhawahstihnen' Community Recreation Centre, located to the south of the station, opened in July 2023. Other residential developments in the vicinity of the station have also been proposed.

Between 2008 and 2018, ridership at Bessarion increased by 3 percent, in stark contrast to the 14 percent surge in ridership along all of Line 4. The station had roughly half the amount of passengers at Don Mills, the second-busiest station on the line.

Station description
Like all stations on the Sheppard line, Bessarion is fully accessible and has been since it opened. The main entrance on the south side of Sheppard Avenue is fully accessible, with elevator, escalator, and stair access to the concourse level, where another elevator connects to the subway platform level. The north entrance provides direct access to the concourse level only with stairs.

The subway continues underground in a bored tunnel in both directions; east into and west to.

Architecture and art
The station's interior is generally outfitted in tiles of cream and deep red. The public art in the station, titled Passing by Toronto artist Sylvie Belanger, is a frieze of 800 photographs, representing the users of the station. Images of feet appear on the concourse level, heads appear on the platform, and hands appear along the stairs leading to both of the station's entrance pavilions.

Surface connections
There are no off-street bus platforms at this station. Connecting service is available at the bus stops on Sheppard Avenue with a valid transfer.

TTC routes serving the station include:

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include the Ethennonnhawahstihnen' Park, the Ethennonnhawahstihnen' Community Recreation Centre and Library (part of the Concord Park Place development), Bessarion Parkette, a Canadian Tire, and Mountain Equipment Co-op North York.

title: Bessarion station


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Luis Alejandro Bustamante

Luis Alejandro Bustamante

 * del nonnotable. Mikkalai 05:55, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. utcursch 09:17, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Actor who yet has to be in his first movie. - 81.70.91.207 09:44, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't delete. This guys real. -128.107.253.43 18:51, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sonofagun, I'm real! I don't have an article beyond my user page.  If and when this guy hits the big time, an article will naturally appear.  Delete as non-notable at present.  The briefly returning Lucky 6.9 21:11, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

P.S. Luis Alejandro Bustamante is also a Hispanic Broadcast Television, Music Video and Film Director/Producer based out of Southern California. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.250.211.52 (talk) 01:29, 20 May 2017 (UTC)


text:
Dreamtime Christmas All-Stars

Dreamtime Christmas All-Stars were an all-star collaboration of Australian celebrities. They released one single, "Twelve Days of Christmas", which reached No. 26 on the Australian ARIAnet Singles Chart.

Members

 * Shannon Noll
 * Human Nature
 * Cosima
 * Jimmy Barnes
 * Zinc
 * Rob Mills
 * Amity Dry
 * Tahyna Tozzi
 * Kyle
 * Katie Underwood
 * Bob Downe
 * Shakaya
 * Bobby McLeod
 * Todd Williams
 * Glenn Skuthorpe
 * Matty Johns

Track listing

 * "Twelve Days of Christmas" (2004) - EMI Music Australia
 * 1) "Twelve Days of Christmas"
 * 2) "Happy Christmas (War Is Over)"
 * 3) "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town"
 * 4) "Twelve Days of Christmas" (Pee Wee Ferris Remix)

title: Dreamtime Christmas All-Stars


text: Category:Archaeological sites in the United Arab Emirates


text:
Leslie station

Leslie is a station on Line 4 Sheppard of the Toronto subway system. It is located at 1209 Sheppard Avenue East at Old Leslie Street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was opened in 2002. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

History
Leslie station opened for public viewing on November 22, 2002, along with the rest of the Sheppard subway line and for revenue service on November 24, 2002.

On December 22, 2016, this station and were the last subway stations to be equipped with Presto card readers.

Station description
The station is on three levels. The bus platforms are on the upper level at Old Leslie Street, with an automatic accessible entrance. The concourse and collector are at an intermediate level, where the main fully accessible entrance is located on the south side of Sheppard Avenue East west of Leslie Street. There is a secondary automatic accessible entrance at the corner of Leslie Street directly to the easterly end of the subway platform, which is at the lowest level.

The station features 102 spaces of commuter parking. Cost is $7 per day or $2 per hour from 5:00 am to 2:00 am daily. As with all TTC lots, no overnight parking is allowed between 2:00 am and 5:00 am.

Architecture and art
The public art in the station, entitled Ampersand and created by Canadian artist Micah Lexier, consists of 17,000 ceramic tiles, each with a printed ampersand between the words "Sheppard" and "Leslie", based on 3,400 different pieces of handwriting from the community collected in 1997.

According to the artist's statement posted in the station, this piece of artwork "acknowledges the duality of being both an individual and part of a larger community." This piece can be seen on both the concourse and platform levels, including the bus terminal.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
Just east of the station, the line emerges from the subway tunnel to cross the Don River East Branch on a fully enclosed bridge, then returns into the tunnel. West of the station, the subway continues through its tunnels into Bessarion station.

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include the East Don River, the Betty Sutherland Trail, North York General Hospital and the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (formerly Seneca College's School of Nursing).

Toronto Transit Commission
TTC routes serving the station include:

A bus terminal, located one level above the concourse, is integrated with Leslie station. Although the terminal is quite spacious and has several bus bays, it currently only serves the 51 Leslie route. The 85 Sheppard East route can only be boarded on the street with a valid transfer.

GO Transit
Leslie station is located north of Oriole Station on GO Transit's Richmond Hill line, but they are not adjacent. No action has yet been taken on proposals to relocate the GO Station to connect directly with the subway. Passengers wishing to transfer to the GO Station are directed to the exit outside the bus terminal; a short walk to the intersection of Old Leslie Street and Esther Shiner Boulevard brings pedestrians to a walkway which connects to the north end of the GO platform.

title: Leslie station


text:
Rodeo Drive

Rodeo Drive is a 2 mi street in Beverly Hills, California, with its southern segment in the City of Los Angeles, known as one of the most expensive streets in the world. Its southern terminus is at Beverwil Drive, and its northern terminus is at its intersection with Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills. The name is most commonly used metonymically to refer to the three-block stretch of the street between Wilshire Boulevard and Little Santa Monica Boulevard.

Pronunciation
The word rodeo as a term referring to the cowboy sports can be pronounced with the stress on either the first or second  syllable; the latter is its Spanish pronunciation. For the street in Beverly Hills, however, only the latter pronunciation is used; the former pronunciation is used to refer to Rodeo Road in Los Angeles, which has since been renamed Obama Boulevard.

Early history
In 1906, Burton E. Green (1868–1965) and other investors purchased the property that would become Beverly Hills, formerly named Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas, with plans for a mixed-use subdivision with a branch of the Los Angeles and Pacific Railway running North on Rodeo Drive before turning west at Sunset Boulevard. They platted the street that very year, in 1906. By 1907, 75 x parcels on Rodeo were selling for $1,100 each. It became a bridle path in 1912, when the Beverly Hills Hotel was built on a former lima bean field. By November 1925, similar lots were selling for between $15,000 and $30,000, almost double what they'd been selling for in September. Pacific Electric Red Cars operated over the street to the Beverly Hills Hotel as the Coldwater Canyon Line between 1907 and 1923.

The central part of Rodeo eventually became a business street with hardware stores, gas stations, beauty shops, and bookstores. The men's store Carroll & Company opened shop on Rodeo Drive in 1950. The Anderton Court Shops building at 332 N. Rodeo was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1952. In 1958, real estate developer Marvin Kratter bought 48000 sqft of land at the corner of Rodeo and Wilshire Boulevard from the city of Beverly Hills. The acreage is across the street from the Beverly Wilshire Hotel and Kratter paid something over $2 million for it.

Origin of a new image
In 1961 Fred Hayman, "the father of Rodeo Drive," opened Giorgio Beverly Hills, the street's first high-end boutique. In 1968 Aldo Gucci opened a store on Rodeo, which catalyzed the process by which the street took on its present form. Van Cleef & Arpels opened in 1969, followed by a Vidal Sassoon salon in 1970. The Polo Store, the brand's first freestanding store, opened in 1971.

According to a former co-chair of the "Rodeo Drive Committee," Richard Carroll, the transformation of Rodeo Drive into an international center of fashionable shopping was sparked in 1971 with the opening of a new wing of the Beverly Wilshire. In 1980 Carroll noted that before then "There was nothing at all of an international nature on the street. Rodeo was purely local in flavor." In 1977 the Rodeo Drive Committee "launched a publicity campaign designed to make everyone around the world think of Rodeo Drive as the shopping street of the rich and famous." The RDC wanted to make Rodeo Drive an economic engine for Beverly Hills and spread the image of a "culturally elite lifestyle."

In 1976, Bijan Pakzad opened a showroom on Rodeo, which helped to solidify "Rodeo Drive's reputation as a luxury shopping destination." Pakzad touted his Rodeo Drive store as "the most expensive in the world," but, as Women's Wear Daily notes in relation to the claim, "he was known for hyperbole." By 1978 the Beverly Hills Chamber of Commerce was boasting that Rodeo Drive was "the essence of the best of all the shopping centers of the world" and by 1980 the city of Beverly Hills estimated that the Rodeo Drive shopping district accounted for as much as 25% of its sales tax revenues.

International fashion centre

By 1981, the high-fashion strip took up only two and a half blocks, with around 65 stores.

The "Rodeo Collection," a 45-store, 70000 sqft shopping mall opened in 1983 at 421 N. Rodeo Drive. The building is only four stories high with the first floor below street level in order to satisfy local building codes. The retail space initially leased for as much as $120 per square foot, which, according to an executive with commercial real estate firm Julien J. Studley, was "the highest price for any kind of space in the Los Angeles Area."

In the early 1990s, Rodeo Drive was ranked 4th most-visited destination in the Los Angeles area (after Disneyland, Knott's Berry Farm and Universal Studios).

Two Rodeo Drive, another outdoor shopping center, was built in 1990. It initially housed, amongst other stores, Christian Dior and Valentino. The original developer, Douglas Stitzel, sold the property for about $200 million immediately after its completion. Two Japanese groups, Kowa Real Estate California Inc. and USA Sogo Inc, bought 40% of Two Rodeo Drive.

The Two Rodeo Drive shopping center was hard-hit by the early 1990s recession, with occupancy rates dropping to as low as 60%. Middle-market brand boutiques such as Guess Jeans and Banana Republic opened on Rodeo Drive. Many franchised stores were bought back by the brands they represented (Polo Ralph Lauren, Gianni Versace, Hugo Boss).

The Two Rodeo Drive buyers sold it at an almost $70 million loss in 2000. By 2007 the property was financially stable again and was sold to a group of Irish investors for $275 million. It resembles a "faux-European shopping alley" and features a cobblestone street. Some architects have claimed that Two Rodeo Drive is similar to a "theme park in the manner of Disneyland."

Walk of Style

In 2003, Rodeo Drive was given an $18 million makeover which included widening the streets and the addition of crosswalks. The ficus trees lining the street were taken out and replaced with palm trees. In September of the same year, the Rodeo Drive Committee developed the Rodeo Drive Walk of Style. The Walk of Style features plaques set in the sidewalks along Rodeo Drive. Fashion icons are honored with the award for their work in style and fashion. At the intersection of Rodeo Drive and Dayton Way is the nude sculpture entitled "Torso." This statue was created by sculptor Robert Graham and is the symbol for the Rodeo Drive Walk of Style. Recipients of the Rodeo Drive Walk of Style Award receive a "Torso" maquette also designed by artist Robert Graham.

The French fashion firm Lanvin opened a store on Rodeo Drive in 2011.

2020 lootings
In May 2020, several of Rodeo Drive's businesses were damaged and looted following the murder of George Floyd. It was reported that several windows were broken and many of the looted buildings were vandalized by spray paint.

Events

 * Rodeo Drive Concours d'Elegance: occurs annually every Father's Day on Rodeo Drive to exhibit some of the world's most expensive automobiles.
 * Fashion’s Night Out: Created in 2009 in New York City in hopes of boosting the economy during the recession. Its goals were to "celebrate fashion, restore consumer confidence and boost the industry’s economy." In 2012, 500 cities across the United States (including Los Angeles), as well as 30 cities around the world adopted the event. It is held annually in September on the same night worldwide. The carnival features a 60-foot Ferris wheel and other attractions on the three blocks of the Rodeo Drive business district.
 * Rodeo Drive Festival of Watches and Jewelry.

Notable people

 * William Boyd and Elinor Fair, film actors, married to each other
 * Nicole Brown and O. J. Simpson first met at Jack Hanson's Rodeo Drive nightclub, The Daisy, when Brown worked there as a waitress
 * Tod Browning, film actor, director, and screenwriter (corner of Rodeo Drive and Cañon Drive)
 * Ralph Forbes, film actor (606 Rodeo Drive)

In popular culture

 * In the 1990 movie Pretty Woman, the young sex worker Vivian Ward (Julia Roberts) steps in a Rodeo Drive boutique where she gets snubbed by the sales clerks.
 * The song "Down Rodeo" by Rage Against the Machine is titled after the street and refers to "Rolling down Rodeo with a shotgun"
 * In the 2011 movie Just Go with It, plastic surgeon Dr. Danny Maccabee (Adam Sandler) takes his assistant Katherine (Jennifer Aniston) on a shopping spree down Rodeo Drive, after agreeing to pretend to be his wife, who will soon be divorced.
 * In the 1994 movie D2: The Mighty Ducks, four of the members of the team visit Rodeo Drive. After playing pranks along the street they gain access to one of the boutiques before getting kicked out.
 * Billy Ray Cyrus references driving down Rodeo Drive in the 2019 remix of Little Nas X’s single Old Town Road, which topped the Billboard Hot 100 for a record 19 consecutive weeks.
 * In the 2004 videogame, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, a parodied version of the street is present in the fictional city of Los Santos.
 * In the 2013 videogame, Grand Theft Auto V, a redesigned parody of Rodeo Drive is present, called Portola Drive, in the fictional neighborhood of Rockford Hills, in Los Santos.
 * In the 2019 mobile game Mario Kart Tour, Rodeo Drive is briefly driven through in the "Los Angeles Laps" race course.
 * In “The New Workout Plan on Kanye West’s debut album The College Dropout, one of the woman snippets includes a mention of Rodeo Drive, saying she’s now able to shop there.
 * In Unholy by Sam Smith and Kim Petras the line "You gonna need to bag it up because I'm spending on Rodeo"

title: Rodeo Drive


text:
Don Mills station

Don Mills is a subway station that is the eastern terminus of Line 4 Sheppard in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station is at the northeast corner of Sheppard Avenue East and Don Mills Road, within the residential communities of Don Valley Village and Henry Farm, adjacent to Fairview Mall shopping centre. The station is close to Highways 401 and  404, as well as the Don Valley Parkway. Other nearby landmarks include Fairview Mall, Georges Vanier Secondary School, and the Fairview district branch of the Toronto Public Library.

History
The station opened in 2002 as part of the original Line 4. A plaque at the platform level commemorates John Marinzel, a worker who died on April 18, 2001, of injuries from an accident during the construction of the station. A Vivastation for the Viva Green line of York Region's Viva Rapid Transit system opened on October 16, 2005.

Description
Like all stations on the Sheppard line, Don Mills is fully accessible. The station is equipped with three elevators connecting the concourse level with the bus platforms and two street entrances, and a single elevator between the island train platform and the concourse. Stairs and escalators provide regular pedestrian access between all levels.

There are three accessible entrances around the Don Mills Road and Sheppard Avenue intersection. Two of the entrances are on the northeast and southeast sides of Sheppard Avenue, respectively, and one automatic entrance in the parking garage at Fairview Mall near the Marshalls/HomeSense entrance.

Above the bus terminal, on the street level, is a multi-storey public parking lot with 366 parking spaces for commuters. Parking costs $7 from 5:00am to 9:30am and is free after 9:30am and all day on weekends and holidays. TTC commuter spaces are restricted to levels 4 and 5 as the lower floors are for mall patrons only.

Outside the parking lot, next to a staffed pedestrian entrance to the station, is a passenger pick-up area with 18 temporary parking spaces.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
As this is a terminal station, there is a diamond crossover to the west of the platform for arriving trains to cross over to the westbound track, and for departing trains on the eastbound track to cross to the westbound track. There are also tail tracks beyond the east end of the platform. However, unlike other terminal stations where the tail tracks are at least as long as a standard six-car train for overnight storage, those at Don Mills are only about two cars in length. This is likely because storage capacity is available at Sheppard–Yonge, which can store enough trains to service the line.

Architecture and art
The station was designed by Stevens Group Architects, who also built and  stations.

There are two pieces of public art in the station. The piece before / after: 1997 / 2002 spans the concourse and platform levels in the station. Created by Toronto artist Stephen Cruise, it consists of tile work on walls and inlays on the terrazzo floors:
 * On the concourse level, the tilework on walls represents the geologic strata through which the line travels, plus graphical depictions of local flora and fauna.
 * On the concourse and platform levels, bronze inlays in the floor depict fossils of fish, turtles, and leaves found on the site; the Sheppard line is also depicted in an abstract form on the floor.

Outside the station (on the north side of Don Mills Road, south of the bus entrance) is a tribute to Northern Dancer, a famous racehorse foaled at E. P. Taylor's Windfields Farm, which was then located on "nearby" Bayview Avenue.

In mid-2021, to celebrate the TTC's 100th anniversary, a temporary art installation titled Sheppard Subway Construction was put on display at the station. Located on the concourse level, the installation consisted of various enlarged photographs showcasing the construction of Line 4 Sheppard.

Surface connections
Don Mills station has a bus terminal that is also underground. It allows for connection to both TTC bus routes and York Region Transit (YRT) routes.

Toronto Transit Commission routes
When the subway is closed, passengers may board buses at the intersection of Don Mills Road and Sheppard Avenue outside the station.

York Region Transit routes
Several York Region Transit (YRT) bus routes also operate to and from Don Mills station. Under Ontario's One Fare Program that began on February 26, 2024, customers paying by credit, debit or Presto card can transfer between YRT and TTC services without incurring an additional fare. As free card transfers need to be recorded for reimbursements as well as to enforce double-fare payments for riders ineligible for free transfers between YRT and TTC services, YRT buses drop off passengers outside of the station and pick up passengers inside the station and at on-street stops outside the station.

The subway station was formerly the southern terminus for the Viva Green line of YRT's Viva Rapid Transit until that service was suspended in 2020 due to COVID-19 and suspended permanently in 2023.

Prior proposals
As part of the Transit City plan, the TTC proposed the construction of the Sheppard LRT (light rail transit) line to connect Don Mills station to Sheppard East station on the proposed extension of Line 3 Scarborough. This replaced previous plans to extend Line 4 Sheppard to Scarborough Centre station on Line 3.

The Transit City plan included an LRT along Don Mills Road from Pape station on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth through Don Mills station to Steeles Avenue. However, the transit line, along with other Transit City lines, was cancelled by Rob Ford when he became mayor in December 2010.

In a 2015 study, one of the options for a proposed Toronto relief line connected to Don Mills Station.

title: Don Mills station


text:
Round

Round or rounds may refer to:

Mathematics and science

 * Having no sharp corners, as an ellipse, circle, or sphere
 * Rounding, reducing the number of significant figures in a number
 * Round number, ending with one or more zeroes
 * Round (cryptography)
 * Roundness (geology)
 * Roundedness, when pronouncing vowels
 * Labialization, when pronouncing consonants

Music

 * Round (music), a type of composition
 * Rounds (album), by Four Tet

Places

 * The Round, a theatre in England
 * Round Point, in the South Shetland Islands
 * Rounds Mountain, in the US
 * Round Mountain (disambiguation), several places
 * Round Valley (disambiguation), several places

Repeated activities

 * Round (boxing)
 * Round (dominoes)
 * Grand rounds, in medicine
 * Round of drinks
 * Funding round
 * Doing the rounds, or patrol

Other uses

 * Round (surname)
 * Rounds (surname)
 * Round shot
 * Cartridge (firearms)
 * Round steak
 * Cattle
 * Bullion coins that are not legal tender, e.g. silver rounds
 * Rounds (website), a social network

title: Round


text:
Étienne Maurice Falconet

Étienne Maurice Falconet (1 December 1716 – 24 January 1791) was a French baroque, rococo and neoclassical sculptor, best-known for his equestrian statue of Peter the Great, the Bronze Horseman (1782), in St. Petersburg, Russia, and for the small statues he produced in series for the Royal Sévres Porcelain Manufactory

Life and work
Falconet was born to a poor family in Paris. He was at first apprenticed to a marble-cutter, but some of his clay and wood figures, with the making of which he occupied his leisure hours, attracted the notice of the sculptor Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, who made him his pupil. One of his most successful early sculptures was of Milo of Croton, which secured his admission to the membership of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1754.

He came to prominent public attention in the Salons of 1755 and 1757 with his marbles of L'Amour (Cupid) and the Nymphe descendant au bain (also called The Bather), which is now at the Louvre. In 1757 Falconet was appointed by the Marquise de Pompadour as director of the sculpture atelier of the new Manufacture royale de porcelaine at Sèvres, where he brought new life to the manufacture of unglazed soft-paste porcelain figurines, small-scale sculptures that had been a specialty at the predecessor of the Sèvres manufactory, Vincennes.

The influence of the painter François Boucher and of contemporary theater and ballet are equally in evidence in Falconet's subjects, and in his sweet, elegantly erotic, somewhat coy manner. Right at the start, in the 1750s, Falconet created for Sèvres a set of white biscuit porcelain garnitures of tabletop putti (Falconet's "Enfants") illustrating "the Arts," and meant to complement the manufacture's grand dinner service ("Service du Roy"). The fashion for similar small table sculptures spread to most of the porcelain manufacturies of Europe.

He remained at the Sèvres post until he was invited to Russia by Catherine the Great in September 1766. At St Petersburg he executed a colossal statue of Peter the Great in bronze, known as the Bronze Horseman, together with his pupil and then daughter-in-law Marie-Anne Collot. In 1788, back in Paris, he became Assistant Rector of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture. Many of Falconet's religious works, commissioned for churches, were destroyed at the time of the French Revolution. His work on private commissions fared better.

He found time to study Greek and Latin, and also wrote several essays on art: Denis Diderot confided to him the chapter on "Sculpture" in the Encyclopédie, released separately by Falconet as Réflexions sur la sculpture in 1768. Three years later, he published Observations sur la statue de Marc-Aurèle, which may be interpreted as the artistic program for his statue of Peter the Great. Falconet's writings on art, his Oeuvres littéraires, came to six volumes when they were first published, at Lausanne, in 1781–1782. His extensive correspondence with

Diderot, where he argued that the artist works out of inner necessity rather than for future fame, and that with Empress Catherine the Great of Russia reveal a great deal about his work and his beliefs about art.

Falconet's somewhat prettified and too easy charm incurred the criticism of the Encyclopædia Britannica 's eleventh edition: "His artistic productions are characterized by the same defects as his writings, for though manifesting considerable cleverness and some power of imagination, they display in many cases a false and fantastic taste, the result, most probably, of an excessive striving after originality."

Hermann Göring stole Falconet's Friendship of the Heart stahl Hermann Göring from the Rothschild collection at Paris for the art collection of his Carinhall hunting lodge.

In 2001/2002, when the Musée de Céramique at Sèvres mounted an exhibition of Falconet's production for Sèvres, 1757–1766, its subtitle was "l'art de plaire" ("the art of pleasing").

Family
The painter Pierre-Étienne Falconet (1741–91) was his son. A draftsman and engraver, he provided illustrations to his father's entry on "Sculpture" for the Diderot Encyclopédie.

title: Étienne Maurice Falconet


text:
Paravur, Kollam

Paravur is a municipality in the Kollam district of Kerala, India. Paravur is located 11.6 km southeast of the Kollam city centre, and is a part of the Kollam metropolitan area. Paravur railway station is the last station in Kollam district which is on the route to Trivandrum while travelling towards South India.

Governance and Wards
Paravur Municipality consists of Kottapuram, Koonayil, Thekkumbhagam, Chillakkal, Perumpuzha, Nedungolam, Pozhikara, Maniyamkulam, Kurumandal, Kottamoola, Attinpuram and Kochalummoodu. Paravur Municipality is a Grade-II Municipality of Kerala.

Geography
Paravur is located at 8.78 N 76 E. It has an average elevation of 10 metres (32 feet). Paravur, 21 kilometers from the Kollam, is a narrow skirt of land stretching in between the backwaters and the sea. There is an elevation of 6 metres above sea level, extending to 16 metres on the inland. Ithikkara river is flowing through paravur. Nedungolam in paravur is now famous for mangrove forest.

Demographics
India census, Paravur had a population of 37,245 where 16,874 are males and 20,371 are females thus the average sex ratio of Paravoor is 1,207. Paravur has an average literacy rate of 92.5%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 94.7%, and female literacy is 90.7%. In Paravur, 10% of the population are under 6 years of age. Total number of households are 9,074.

History
The word Paravur is considered to be a derivative of the primitive Dravidian Etymology – ‘Paravii’ which means sea and ‘Oor’ which means place. It was originally named Paravayoor which was subsequently modified to Paravur. Pozhikara was the administrative headquarters of Paravur. Remnants of the old fort, Thaana (police station) and Anchalappees (post office) still remain. A mint of the erstwhile Travancore Kingdom for printing and punching their currencies was once situated at Paravur. Paravur was a part of 'Pennarasu nadu' which laid between Venadu and Desiganadu. It was then under the control of 'Attingal amma thampuran'. An important ancient document revealing paravur's yester importance is 'Pozhikkara sasanam' built in 12 th century at Pozhikkara sivakshetram (later it became a devikshetram). It was encrypted on a 'sila phalakam' in 'vattazhuthu'. Another mentioning of Paravur is in 'Unnineeli sandesam' which was written above more than 600 years. Some of the temples in Paravur are mentioned with importance in that script. Also, some manuscripts held on Sree Padmanabha Swami Kshethram has mensioning of some incidence held in Paravur-Thekkumbhagom. Paravur panchayat was formed in 1936 as one of the four panchayats sanctioned by Sir C.P.Ramaswamy Iyer (Diwan-Travancore). Sree Ramavarma koyi thampuram from Kilimanoor Palace was the first executive officer of the panchayat. The first election for Paravur panchayat was held at 1942 and Sri Achuthan Pillai became the first elected Panchayat president. Later Paravur became a Municipality on 1 May 1988. For the first 7 years it was ruled by special officers. In 1995 after the first Municipal election Smt. Bhanumati became the first Municipal Chairperson .First Industrial establishment for the coir industry was opened at Maniyamkulam. The first government school which started during 1889 and is still their in Kongal. In 19th century itself paravur were in the publication industry. Sarawathy vilasam Achadi sala is considered to be the first one in that type and Mangattu Parameswaran Pillai was its founder. Kerala Bhooshanam and Vidyavilasam Press were also started in 19th century. 'Sujanandini' was the first newspaper printed and published from Paravur(1891). Paravoor V. Kesavanasan was the managing director of it. The initial poems of Kuamaranasan were published in this paper for first time.

Road
There are so many important roads in Paravur, connecting Kollam city and neighbouring towns like Chathannoor, Parippally, Varkala, Poothakkulam etc. The 14.1 km long Paravur-Kollam Coastal Road is connecting Kollam city with Paravur, via Kollam Beach, Paapanasam Beach, Kakkathoppu, Mukkom, Thanni and Pozhikara.

Rail
Paravur railway station, an "Adarsh station", is situated at a distance of half kilometer away from the heart of Paravur town. Paravur is connected to various cities in India through Indian Railways. The station code for Paravur railway station is 'PVU'.

Industrial development
As part of the industry sector development plans of Kollam district, an IT Park would be setting up at Paravur Municipal area in an extent of 5 acres of land. The land can be acquired with the assistance of Land Use Board or Paravur Municipality. rail-Road linkages will be established. The Government also have plans to set up a Coir manufacturing unit and a Handloom unit at Paravur and considering the possibilities for setting up a food park also.

People from Paravur

 * K. C. Kesava Pillai (1868-1914) poet
 * Paravoor V. Kesavanasan(1859-1917) Social reformer, journalist
 * G. Devarajan (1927-2006) music composer
 * P. Ravindran (1922-1997) Politician Ex Minister
 * C.V. Padmarajan Politician Ex Minister
 * P. K. Gurudasan Politician Ex Minister

Educational Institutions

 * SNV Girls School Paravur
 * Kottapuram High School (KHS)Paravur
 * GLPS KottapuramParavur
 * Government Higher Secondary School Thekkumbhagam Paravoor
 * Govt Ups And Preprimary School Maniyamkulam Paravur
 * Kaattukulam Government LP School
 * koonayil Govt LPS School
 * Govt. LP School, Kappil
 * Government Girls LP School Kurumandal Paravur
 * SIVARAJA PILLAI MEMORIAL ITC Paravur

Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies Paravur's climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw).

title: Paravur, Kollam


text:
Faldstool

Faldstool (from the O.H. Ger. falden or falten, "to fold," and stuol, Mod. Ger. Stuhl, "stool"; from the medieval Latin faldistolium derived, through the old form fauesteuil, from the Mod. Fr. fauteuil) is a portable folding chair, used by a bishop when not occupying the throne in his own cathedral, or when officiating in a cathedral or church other than his own; hence any movable folding stool used during divine service.

Whatever the origins, it is difficult not to note the general resemblance to the curule chair or sella curulis, which according to Livy supposedly derived its name from currus, "chariot", and like the Roman toga originated in Etruria, but much earlier stools supported on a cross-frame are known from the New Kingdom of Egypt.

Just as a campstool of similar form came to be used by military commanders in the field, so it became the ceremonial chair that accompanied the bishop in his official visitations. The bishop will either use the faldstool as a seat, or kneel in front of it, resting his forearms on it in prayer like a prie-dieu, depending upon the rubrical requirements. Other prelates may be granted the use of a faldstool during services, with certain limitations. The faldstool may be covered with silk cloth in red, green or violet, depending upon the liturgical season or the rank of the prelate.

In the Anglican Church, a faldstool is a desk at which a litany is recited. It also refers to the small, upholstered prie-dieu at which the British sovereign and the royal consort kneel during important religious services such as coronations and weddings.

The term faldistory has a similar meaning.

title: Faldstool


text:
User talk:Sean808080

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title: User talk:Sean808080


text: User talk:195.187.51.200

title: User talk:195.187.51.200