text:
10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles

The 10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles, (abbreviated to 10 GR), was originally a rifle regiment of the British Indian Army. The regiment was formed in 1890, taking its lineage from a police unit and over the course of its existence it had a number of changes in designation and composition. It took part in a number of campaigns on the Indian frontiers during the 19th and early 20th centuries, before fighting in the First World War, the Third Anglo-Afghan War and the Second World War. Following India's independence in 1947, the regiment was one of four Gurkha regiments to be transferred to the British Army. In the 1960s it was active in the Malayan Emergency and Indonesian Confrontation. It was amalgamated with the other three British Gurkha regiments to form the Royal Gurkha Rifles in 1994.

Early history
At the end of the Third Burmese War in 1887, it was decided to withdraw the regular army battalions and replace them with a freshly recruited military police force. Recruited in India, it was intended that the military police would be a temporary force which would establish order in districts of upper Burma and then hand over those districts to the civil police. The military police would then be used to form additional regular battalions of the Indian Army. The Kubo (Kabaw) Valley Military Police were raised on 9 April 1887 by Sir F.B. Norman (OC Eastern Frontier Brigade) at Manipur in India and was composed in equal numbers of Gurkha and Assam hillmen recruits. The first commander was Lieutenant C.W. Harris. The battalion moved to Burma and was initially stationed at Tamu.

In 1890, it was decided to convert the Kubo Valley Military Police Battalion in Burma into a new battalion with the title of 10th Madras Infantry. The original 10th Madras Infantry, one of the oldest battalions in the Indian Army, had recently been disbanded. The new battalion had no association with the old except for the name. The relics of the battalion were eventually taken back to India.

The 10th Madras Infantry was formed from the Kubo Valley Military Police on 1 June 1890 under the command of Major Macgregor at Mandalay Palace. The battalion did not inherit the precedence or honours of the 10th Madras Infantry at that time, by decision of the army authorities. Their reasoning being that it would be incorrect to give such a new battalion the precedence and honours of one of the oldest battalions in India. But it was also true that the composition of the 10th Madras Infantry had been through similar drastic changes in composition. For example, after the Mahratta wars, its composition was changed from Northern Indian to Southern Indian.

The initial strength of the battalion was three British officers, eight Indian officers and 277 other ranks. It was not at first exclusively Gurkha in composition. The battalion was initially composed of Gurkha detachments transferred from the 42nd, 43rd and 44th Gurkha Rifles, an equal number of men from the hill-tribes of Assam including Jhurwahs, small numbers of Dogras and a few Hindustanis. The non-Gurkhas were gradually wasted out of the regiment.

In its first few years of existence, the regiment was referred to by two different names in the Indian Army Lists. In 1890 it was called the 10th (Burma) Regiment of Madras Infantry and the following year it was called the 10th Regiment (1st Burma Battalion) of Madras Infantry. But in reality, the second name was the one used by the battalion until 1892.

It became the 10th Regiment (1st Burma Rifles) of Madras Infantry on 9 February 1892 at Maymyo in Burma. It was at this time, with the conversion of the unit to a Rifle Regiment, that the old colours of the 10th Madras were taken back to India (rifle regiments do not carry colours) and laid up at the Church of St. John in the fort at Vellore near to where the earliest predecessor of the 10th Madras Infantry had been raised in 1766. On 3 May 1895 the name of the regiment was changed again to 10th Regiment (1st Burma Gurkha Rifles) of Madras Infantry to reflect its now all-Gurkha composition.

On 13 September 1901, as part of a broad reorganisation of the Indian Army, it became the 10th Gurkha Rifles and the regiment maintained its assigned recruiting areas in the Limbu and Rai tribal areas of eastern Nepal. A 2nd Battalion was formed in 1903 although it became the 1st Battalion, 7th Gurkha Rifles in 1907. A new 2nd Battalion of the 10th Gurkha Rifles was formed in 1908. From 1903 to 1912 the first battalion was stationed in Maymyo, Burma as almost a ceremonial unit. In the winter months of 1912 and 1913 the 1st Battalion was sent into the Kachin Hills to guard against a potential uprising that did not occur.

First World War
The First World War between the UK, France and their allies against Germany and its allies, began in August, 1914. The 1st Battalion remained in Burma providing reinforcements and replacements to the 2nd Battalion which was on active service until 1916. At least five drafts were supplied. The third draft was sunk at sea by an Austrian submarine in the Aegean Sea with the loss of 187 men.

The 2nd Battalion fought in the Middle East, against the Ottomans in the Defence of the Suez Canal, Egypt in 1915. The Ottomans had attempted to cross the canal into Egypt but the Allied forces there successfully repulsed the attack, decimating them as they attempted the crossing. As a result of the 2nd Battalion's involvement in this campaign, the regiment gained the battle honour "Suez Canal" and the theatre honour "Egypt 1915".

Later that year the 2nd Battalion, as part of the 29th Indian Brigade, took part in the Dardanelles Campaign against the Ottomans. The brigade had initially been intended to be part of the New Zealand and Australian Division in the landing at Anzac Cove but instead was directed to assist at Cape Helles where the situation was deteriorating since the assault on 25 April. The brigade landed at Cape Helles in early May and the 2nd Battalion took part in the Battle of Gully Ravine which began on 28 June. The brigade as a whole was moved to Anzac Cove in August where it took part in the August Offensive. The 2nd Battalion suffered heavy casualties during its participation in the Gallipoli campaign. The forces at Anzac and Suvla were evacuated in December 1915, although the last British troops did not leave until January 1916, from Helles.

On 15 August 1916 the 1st Battalion embarked from Rangoon for the Middle East after a farewell ceremony given by the Governor of Burma. Both battalions of the regiment fought in Mesopotamia (now Iraq) from 1916, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire, an ally of the Germans. The Mesopotamian campaign had started in 1914. Much of the regiment's involvement in the war was relatively quiet but it did take part in a number of engagements including the offensive against Baghdad in 1917 and the last battle of the Mesopotamian campaign in late October 1918, Sharqat.

The 1st Battalion remained in Mesopotamia upon the conclusion of the war. It saw service during the revolt of Southern Kurdistan in 1919 and the rest of Iraq. Elsewhere, the 2nd Battalion took part in the Third Afghan War in 1919 and in operations in the North-West Frontier.

Second World War
During the Second World War the regiment raised a further two battalions, the 3rd Battalion in 1940 and the 4th Battalion in 1941.

Middle East and Italy
A coup in Iraq took place in 1941. An Iraqi military group with ties to Germany deposed the Iraqi Monarchy. As a consequence the British launched an invasion of Iraq to restore the Government, the 2nd Battalion participated as part of the 10th Indian Infantry Division. An Armistice was signed with Iraq after British forces entered the Iraqi capital Baghdad on 31 May and the Iraqi Monarchy was restored, the coup leader Rashid Ali had fled, first to Iran and then to Germany. The battalion later took part in the invasion of Vichy France-controlled Syria later in the year. The battalion took part in the Battle of Deir ez Zor for which the regiment received another battle honour.

The 1st Battalion later took part in operations in Iran and the Italian campaign. In Italy the battalion took part in a number of engagements including at Coriano and Santarcangelo in September 1944 for which the regiment won more battle honours. The battalion saw further service the following year in the tough terrain of Italy. During one incident a patrol of the battalion encountered a German detachment. Close-combat ensued, Rifleman Ganjabahadur Rai charged two Germans, dispatching both with his Kukri. The rifleman was killed shortly thereafter by a number of other Germans. A Kukri-scarred rifle, (belonging to one of the Germans who had attempted to defend himself with it during his encounter with Rifleman Rai), was captured by the Gurkhas and kept as a trophy. Another instance of Gurkhas killing German soldiers with their Kukris, while attached to the 10th Mtn Div (US) in Italy in early 1945, was related by LTC. E. N. Cory Jr., BC 616th FA (Pack), a mountain artillery battalion. The Gurkhas would stalk pairs of German sentries at night and routinely dispatch the one awake, leaving the sleeping sentry to find his dead comrade. In response, the German command ordered the summary execution of any allied soldier captured with a knife. Accordingly, soldiers of the 10th Mtn Div carried no knives, yet continue to display blood-red crossed-knives as part of their shoulder insignia.

The 2nd Battalion was attached to the 3rd Indian Motor Brigade, which had just returned from the Western Desert, after having been almost destroyed at the Battle of Gazala in January 1943.

At the end of the month the brigade was renamed the 43rd Indian Infantry Brigade (Lorried). The brigade and its Gurkha battalions were sent to Italy in mid-1944 as an independent formation.

Far East
The regiment was heavily involved against the Japanese with the 1st, 3rd and 4th Battalions taking part in the Burma Campaign. The Japanese had swiftly invaded British territories in the Far East, including Burma, shortly after they launched the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. The 1st Battalion was rushed to Burma, arriving in March 1942 just a week before the evacuation of Rangoon. The battalion conducted a fighting retreat hundreds of miles overland from Burma, reaching India in May 1942.

Men of the 4th Battalion participated in the second Chindit campaign in Burma, code-named Operation Thursday. The Chindits saw ferocious fighting, especially during the Japanese offensive that began in March 1944 against north-east India where two extremely important battles, Imphal and Kohima, took place.

The regiment was heavily involved at Imphal. It was besieged by the Japanese for a number of months, the Allied defenders stoutly resisting all attempts to dislodge them. The siege was eventually lifted after victory at Kohima and Allied forces were soon launching their own offensive into Burma. During this particular period the 3rd Battalion saw intense fighting at Scraggy Hill and Shenam Pass where the battalion was embroiled in heavy fighting with Japanese forces, the battalion often employing their kukris in fierce hand-to-hand combat against the Japanese.

The Allied offensive was successful, pushing the Japanese forces back into Burma, the regiment took part in many engagements in the country. In 1945 the regiment took part in the effort to capture Mandalay; British forces entered the city on 20 March. The regiment also took part in the capture of Meiktila, which was taken in early March. In that same month the 10th Gurkhas took part in the defence of Meiktila during a Japanese counter-attack which was repulsed by the Allied defenders. The capital Rangoon was liberated by British forces on 3 May. The regiment saw much more action during the latter months of the Burma campaign.

Representatives of the regiment, as with all units that were involved in the Burma campaign, took part in the Victory Parade in Rangoon on 15 June. The 10th Gurkhas accumulated 19 battle honours for their participation in the campaign—including the theatre honour "Burma 1942–45"—the most Battle Honours gained by any unit in the Burma campaign.

The 1st Battalion was given one further duty. It was charged with taking the formal surrender of the 28th Japanese Army in Burma at Paung on 29 October 1945. The ceremony took place with a table covered with the regimental flag, a second banner also flew under the Union Jack.

Post-War
The 4th Battalion was disbanded in 1946, the 3rd Battalion was disbanded the following year.

India gained independence from the British Empire in 1947. As a consequence of the Tripartite Agreement between India, Nepal and the UK, four of the 10 Gurkha regiments (eight Battalions in all), were transferred to the British Army; the 10th Gurkha Rifles being one of them. It joined the Brigade of Gurkhas which was formed to administer the Gurkha units transferred to the British Army. Before independence, the battalion decided to take the old colours of the 10th Madras Infantry out of India with it. Consideration was given to taking the regimental memorial at All-Saints Church in Maymyo Burma, which had been damaged by the Japanese during the war, but it was decided to leave it behind because of the expense involved and the uncertainty over where it could be relocated. It consisted of marble on the floor of the sanctuary and wooden plaques on the walls.

The 1st Battalion served in Burma after the war and was one of the three battalions attending the independence ceremony in Rangoon in January 1948. It then moved by sea to Malaya.

In 1949 the regiment's name was altered to become the 10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles (10 GR) in honour of HRH Princess Mary, Princess Royal. The regiment was affiliated with the Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment), the oldest regiment in the regular army in 1950.

Meanwhile, on operations, the 1st and 2nd Battalions took part in the Malayan Emergency against Communist insurgents, known as Communist Terrorists or CTs. The CTs had launched an uprising in 1948 in support of their perception that Malayan independence did not directly lead to the installation of a Communist government. The 10th Gurkhas were involved in the Emergency from the beginning, the conflict was similar to the Burma campaign. The regiment remained involved until the official conclusion of the Emergency in 1960. The regiment lost 75 men during the conflict.

Another conflict in the Far East began in 1962, the Indonesian Confrontation, after an Indonesian-backed rebellion took place in Brunei and Borneo was swiftly quelled. The following year hostilities broke out between British-backed Malaysia and Indonesia. The two battalions of the regiment undertook two tours each, taking place in 1964 and 1965 respectively. In 1965 the regiment gained its first, and only, Victoria Cross (VC). Lance-Corporal Rambahadur Limbu of the 2nd Battalion received the VC for his actions in an incident in the Bau district in Sarawak, Borneo during Operation Claret which was carried out against Indonesian-held Kalimantan. This action has subsequently become known as the Battle of Bau. The conflict concluded in 1966, by which time the 10th Gurkhas had suffered 11 men killed.

In 1968 the regiment was reduced to a single battalion when the 1st Battalion absorbed the 2nd Battalion. It remained in the Far East, based in Hong Kong, until 1973 when it was sent to England for the first time. Initially it was based at Church Crookham in Hampshire, however, the following year the regiment was dispatched to Cyprus to protect the British Sovereign Base Area at Dhekelia in the aftermath of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. During their deployment the 10th Gurkhas attempted to keep the peace, at times literally having to place themselves in the line-of-fire between the opposing factions. The 1st Battalion was deployed to Brunei for the first time in 1977. Since the rebellion in 1962 in which a Marxist, Indonesian-backed uprising had occurred, a Gurkha battalion has been present in Brunei at the request of HM the Sultan.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the regiment was deployed to Hong Kong, Brunei and Church Crookham. The regiment performed internal security (IS) duties in Hong Kong, including patrolling the border with China in an attempt at preventing the illegal immigration of people to the colony.

In 1990 the regiment was authorised after almost 100 years of requests, to maintain the lineage of the 10th Madras Infantry, thus gaining the battle honours and traditions going back to the 14th Battalion of Coast Sepoys who had been raised by the East India Company in 1766. The lineage is special in that it is among the oldest in the British Indian Army. Although the lineage was granted, the history of the regiment is not continuous. The modern regiment was re-formed exclusively from the Kubo Valley Military Police after the old 10th Madras had been disbanded.

The regiment deployed to Hong Kong for the last time in 1991, remaining there until amalgamation in 1994.

The 10th Gurkhas were amalgamated with the 2nd, 6th and 7th Gurkha Rifles to form the Royal Gurkha Rifles in 1994; the 10th Gurkhas becoming the 3rd Battalion. In 1996 the Battalion was amalgamated with the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Gurkha Rifles while in Brunei.

Lineage
1766–1767: 14th Battalion of Coast Sepoys 1767–1769: Amboor Battalion 1769–1770: 11th Carnatic Battalion 1770–1784: 10th Carnatic Battalion 1784–1796: 10th Madras Battalion 1796–1824: 1st Battalion, 10th Regiment Madras Native Infantry 1824–1885: 10th Regiment Madras Native Infantry 1885–1890: 10th Regiment, Madras Infantry 1890–1891: 10th (Burma) Regiment of Madras Infantry 1891–1892: 10th Regiment (1st Burma Battalion) of Madras Infantry 1892–1895: 10th Regiment (1st Burma Rifles), Madras Infantry 1895–1901: 10th Regiment (1st Burma Gurkha Rifles), Madras Infantry 1901–1950: 10th Gurkha Rifles 1950–1994: 10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles.

Uniform, badge and honorary badges

The full dress worn by the regiment from 1890 until 1914 was the standard Gurkha uniform of rifle green, with puttees and black facings. The headdress was a black Kilmarnock cap with the badge described below. Pipers for the 1st Battalion wore the Hunting Stewart tartan of the Royal Scots, who had trained them prior to 1895. British and Gurkha officers were distinguished by five rows of hussar style braiding and black chain gimp shoulder cords on their tunics.

A bugle horn stringed interlaced with a kukri fesswise the blade to the sinister, above the kukri the cipher of HRH Princess Mary (The Princess Royal) and below it the numeral 10.

 * The Badge of a Rock Fort for Amboor.
 * The Badge of an Elephant for Assaye.

The 10th Gurkha Rifles were reportedly distinguished from other Gurkha regiments by carrying silver handled kukris, specially manufactured in Nepal.

Battle honours

 * Amboor;
 * Carnatic;
 * Mysore 1792, Assaye 1803, Ava 1852, Burma 1885–87;
 * First World War: Helles, Krithia, Suvla, Sari Bair, Gallipoli 1915, Suez Canal, Egypt 1915, Sharqat, Mesopotamia 1916–18;
 * Afghanistan 1919;
 * Second World War: Iraq 1941, Deir ez-Zor, Syria 1941, Coriano, Santarcangelo, Senio Floodbank, Bologna, Sillaro Crossing, Gaiana Crossing, Italy 1943–45, Monywa 1942, Imphal, Tuitum, Tamu Road, Shenam Pass, Litan, Bishenpur, Tengnoupal, Mandalay, Myinmu Bridgehead, Kyaukse 1945, Meiktila, Capture of Meiktila, Defence of Meiktila, Irrawaddy River, Rangoon Road, Pegu 1945, Sittang 1945, Burma 1942–45.

Victoria Cross

 * Lance-Corporal Rambahadur Limbu of the 2nd Battalion, Sarawak 1965.

Regimental Colonels
Colonels of the regiment were:
 * 10th Gurkha Rifles
 * 1947–1957: Gen. Sir Alexander Frank Philip Christison, Bt. GBE, CB, DSO, MC, DL
 * 10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles (1949)
 * 1957–1959: Brig. Michael Rookherst Roberts, DSO
 * 1959–1966: Maj-Gen. Richard Neville Anderson, CB, CBE, DSO
 * 1966–1975: Gen. Sir Peter Mervyn Hunt, GCB, DSO, OBE, ADCGen
 * 1975–1977: Maj-Gen. Edward John Sidney Burnett, CB, DSO, OBE, MC
 * 1977–1985: Maj-Gen. Ronald William Lorne McAlister, CB
 * 1985–1994: Lt-Gen. Sir Garry Dene Johnson, KCB, OBE, MC
 * ''1994: amalgamated with the 2nd King Edward VII’s Own Gurkha Rifles, 6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles and 7th Duke of Edinburgh's Own Gurkha Rifles to form The Royal Gurkha Rifles

title: 10th Princess Mary's Own Gurkha Rifles


text:
Talk:War Room (video game)

Description
Here is the copyright permission for the description. Hi Nathan, I spoke to one of our sales guys in corporate and he is able to: "...grant them this one time permission only if the following attribution is made clear: Author's Name, All Game Guide (www.allgame.com)." Since we're corporate and our business is selling this data, he wanted me to reiterate that this would be a one-time usage. On a more personal note, I really enjoy your site. I was doing some research for a school paper recently and Wikipedia was constantly popping up with information. Nice work! Chris Cavanaugh Assistant Editor All Game Guide 1168 Oak Valley Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48108

chrcav@allgame.com http://www.allgame.com

Game development history
The game development history comes from emails with the game creator, Robert S. Harris, who agreed to allow it to be posted here:

From: Bob Harris To: Nathan Larson Date: Wed, 24 Nov 2004 16:07:13 -0500 Subject: Re: computer games vs. board games Howdy, Nathan,

> Is it okay to add to the War Room Wiki article the game development > history you described?

Sure. Except, having reviewed what I wrote, "That outfit had some trouble getting chips for the cartridge" should be changed to "That outfit wasn't able to meet their deadline". I think the chips were the reason but I'm not really sure about that.

Nathanlarson32767 14:37, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The gutting of this article...
...illustrates the problems with the WP:OR rule and the copyright laws.  Tisane  talk/stalk 08:25, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:War Room (video game)


text:
User talk:CJWilly

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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-- utcursch | talk

Welcome to the Soviet discussions! Please stick around, we need reinforcements against the so-called socialists and Soviet nostalgics who control the article. You seem to know a lot about it and that's exactly what's needed to counter 172's hegemony (there's a word lefties like). Libertas

"This whole article is terrible, I can't understand how Wikipedia has allowed it onto their site." I saw your comment in the May 4th movement disussion board. Though I agree with you that the article lacks objectivity, I find it ironic that you complained about the writer's English skils, when your first sentence already contains a plethora of basic ESL errors. (ex. comma splice, misused article )

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:CJWilly


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User talk:Opusaug

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
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-- utcursch | talk

Questioning minor 1st paragraph edits?
Re: John Roberts, John Paul Stevens, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Samuel Alito, Sandra Day O'Connor This is a small matter. I don't understand the reasons for Sjrplscjnky's recent minor edits of articles about each of the Justices of the Supreme Court. After some time, there has been no response to inquiries posted on this editor's talk page nor has there been feedback from similar postings on the talk pages of each of the nine articles about a sitting Justice and the one about retired Justice O'Connor. Rather than simply reverting this "improvement," I thought it best to solicit comment from others who might be interested. I found your name amongst others at Talk:Supreme Court of the United States.

I'm persuaded that Sjrplscjnky's strategy of introducing academic honors in the first paragraph is unhelpful in this narrow set of articles -- that is, in Wikipedia articles about Justices of the Supreme Court. I think my reasoning might well extend as well to others on the Federal bench. In each instance, I would question adding this information only in the first paragraph -- not elsewhere in the article.

In support of my view that this edit should be reverted, please consider re-visiting articles written about the following pairs of jurists.
 * A1. Benjamin Cardozo
 * A2. Learned Hand
 * B1. John Marshall Harlan
 * B2. John Marshall Harlan II

The question becomes: Would the current version of the Wikipedia article about any one of them -- or either pair -- be improved by academic credentials in the introductory paragraph? I think not.

Perhaps it helps to repeat a wry argument Kathleen Sullivan of Stanford Law makes when she suggests that some on the Harvard Law faculty do wonder how Antonin Scalia avoided learning what others have managed to grasp about the processes of judging? I would hope this anecdote gently illustrates the point.

Less humorous, but an even stronger argument is the one Clarence Thomas makes when he mentions wanting to return his law degree to Yale.

As you can see, I'm questioning relatively trivial edit; but I hope you agree that this otherwise plausible "improvement" should be removed from introductory paragraphs of ten articles. If not, why not?

Would you care to offer a comment or observation? --Ooperhoofd (talk) 20:32, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I am a very casual editor, and my name was on Talk:Supreme Court of the United States because I noticed a simple mistake in reference to seating order on the SCOTUS bench. I normally wouldn't get involved in this kind of inside-Wikipedia scrum even if my next login had been more timely, and I certainly won't do it almost two months later (if it's still an issue at all). That said, I'll offer this: if it's really minor, why don't you fix it? If it's more than minor, why don't you get the advice of people who are qualified to judge, instead of polluting my talk page with it? Opusaug (talk) 14:16, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Old Scratch

The article Old Scratch has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The subject of this article is a dictionary term."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. ― Susmuffin Talk 02:12, 19 January 2019 (UTC)

Nonsense vs. Silliness
nonsense: a constructed absurdity; a lack of coherent meaning

silliness: a trivial frivolity; lack of good sense or judgment

title: User talk:Opusaug


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User talk:Dvd~enwiki

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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-- utcursch | talk

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Dvd. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Dvd~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:34, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:23, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cryptoparliamentarianism

Cryptoparliamentarianism was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Cryptoparliamentarianism
Substub, dicdef, gets a massive 1 hit on Google which is in Kurt von Schleicher. Dbiv 12:38, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Illogical neologism. Geogre 16:29, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Cdc 21:48, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism.  Sounds contrived... not even a proper dictdef!  An "-ism" is generally not a person.  --Idont Havaname 23:41, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh no! One Google hit, are you joking? You have to keep it, of course it's notable! Seriously, folks, delete. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 04:27, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --MPerel 09:41, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:CNET Networks

Genre Domain Names

 * Sounds like an advert to me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.168.253.157 (talk) 12:39, 29 November 2004 (UTC)

Seems fine to me. And how about a list of all of the generic domain names they have (search.com, download.com, news.com...)? --Jason McHuff 05:06, 1 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Could be interesting. They're little more than glorified domain name campers, anyway. — NRen2k5 07:17, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Dont they own com.com aswell Ferdia O'Brien The Archiver And The Vandal Watchman (Talk) 19:21, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Spyware
These guys are currently attempting to install spyware on to their visitor's computers. The only reason that I noticed was that I have Spybot Search and Destroy running resident on my PC. I don't know whether it is deliberate policy on their part or the result of some hack attack or virus infection by others but I think it only fair that we warn our visitors in case they want to avoid spyware. Under most circumstances I would just delete such links but in this case they point to the websites belonging to the subject of the article so it's not really an option... -- Derek Ross | Talk 03:04, 11 October 2005 (UTC)

Interesting. I note that the warnings which I added to the article showing which of the many links are dubious have been removed by an anonymous user without any discussion of whether it was appropriate to do so. Perhaps our anonymous friend would care to share with us the reasons why this was done. The privacy policy link that has now appeared only explains the situation for US residents. -- Derek Ross | Talk 00:11, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

I'm impressed to see that CNet has now removed the problem software. There is now no spyware issue with using CNet websites. Thanks and kudos to CNet for acting so promptly on this issue. -- Derek Ross | Talk 04:59, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Criticism
Someone please add a crit section to cnet. They aquire cool websites on the internet and then crapify them. All of their sites are full of annoying graphical ads and crowded interfaces. I would write the section myself but I don't know enough about them and their history.

 * Agreed, look what they just did to GameFAQs.--80.227.100.62 07:50, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I also agree. Their site is just crap! I can't stand all those videos and ads all over the place. Some of their pages contain a couple paragraph of substance followed by globs and globs of links and ads! Who the heck would bother scrolling down pages after pages of links? 66.171.76.225 03:43, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. A big beef I have with them is moderator favouritism. There is a member who uses the screen name Mark5019 who is a mentally unstable Vietnam war vet and who is apparently close friends with some moderators, as he was able to convince them to ban me though I had not broken any rules. Also their 'Speakeasy' forum is strongly right-wing biased - during the time I was there, I was constantly attacked for having centrist and liberal opinions on topics. And guess what? Their forum software is crap too! It's tree-view-only, there's no flood control, and it's actually possible to post to locked threads! Their forum Admin is useless - he cannot and does not do ANYTHING himself - duties are entirely divided among a staff of paid moderators and technicians. And finally, for the clincher... email sent by CNET staff is flagged as junk by both HotMail and AOL at the very least! -- 69.70.168.24 14:03, 8 August 2006

 * Just use Adblock with Firefox :)

 * I have nothing but bad things to say about their site. They write the most nonsensical articles. I suspect they get paid off by companies to write so much crap. A good example is that retard who reviews mp3 players. They get weak at the knees when talking about iPods, but when reviewing another product, they make the dumbest comments such as "the scroll button might give you blisters," which of course, is ridiculous. I hope I'm not the only one who has picked up on this.

 * No, you're not. every article that I read on CNET seems engineered solely to drum up drama and get them more page views. CNET is the reason that I wish I could block specific websites on Google News —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.21.101.48 (talk) 19:20, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Okay maybe we could have a criticism section with the biggest complaints, but we would need to balance it with a section made up of just the good things, along the lines of lover mail on the mailbag.Ayhnjroo (talk) 01:43, 5 August 2009 (UTC)ayhnjroo

Let us recall that this is a discussion section for inclusion into an encyclopedic article and not a place for random banter about your personal opinion of a website.Screen317 (talk) 09:31, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

Fact check
Article says "In October of 2000 CNET Networks acquired ZDNet for approximately 1.6B USD". Is that correct? Or should it be 1.68 million USD? --bodnotbod 04:46, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

Issue with Google
CNet was involved in a controversy with Google in August. The issue being that CNet used Google searches to get and publish information of Google CEO Eric Schmidt. Following this, Google refused to give any material or press releases to CNet for a year (ending July 2006). Can we include this in the article? I'm not able to get any external links for verification as I'm at work right now and a lot of news sites are filtered here. Please look it up and tell me if it's a good idea to include it in the article. Jam2k 11:10, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

That seemes important to me. would have to be writin very carefully though --zorkerz

The story that prompted the blacklisting:, a story about the blacklisting: , the aftermath (apparently the "embargo" has been lifted already):. Jasmol 05:29, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

all the external links...
What is with all the external links? This article just seems like a huge advertisement for CNet...Paul C/T+ 22:41, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Yeah. I removed all of the links in the external links section not directly related to CNET as a business. It might be nice to add some links to articles on CNET from third parties or something, but there was no need to have an index of every site owned by CNET. Any notable sites owned by CNET already have their own wiki article.

Something needs to be done with all of these links to foreign CNET sites as well but I'm not sure exactly what. Maybe just remove the entire section. The article on Yahoo!, for instance, does not have a link to every foreign version of Yahoo(that would be silly), and all services and other sites owned by Yahoo! are linked to as wiki articles. RadioYeti 05:33, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the international sites were actually what I was mostly referring to. They seem very out of place in the article. Paul C/T+ 13:13, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

I think that because the article is about CNET Networks that having links to foreign CNET sites should be there

Ayhnjroo (talk) 01:36, 5 August 2009 (UTC)ayhnjroo

Capitalization
Having just come from the Lego page, I think the article's title should be CNet, not CNET (or, for that matter, Cnet), in order to remain consistent. It's the letter C, followed by the word Net. 204.145.242.1 22:42, 5 June 2006 (UTC)
 * CNET seems to be the official capitalization according the CNET website. (see the footer for the best examples, such as "About CNET Networks" and "©1995-2006 CNET Networks") Binary 05:40, 6 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, but LEGO is the official capitalization according to the Lego website and the current Wikipedia policy is to use "Lego" rather than "LEGO". ;) This page ought to be consistent with that. 204.145.242.1 00:45, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

CNet GameCenter?
Nothing on CNet's old GameCenter site? Yeah, it was shut down in 2001 when they bought GameSpot, but I'm still surprised it wasn't even mentioned here... RobertM525 22:43, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Blantant marketing in the article
This article is full of blatant marketing lines. The "Content" section even includes the following quote, written in first person:

Some examples of our content include:

I think most of this article is blatant marketing and completely NPOV. Most of the external links do not even belong on this page. The external links either go to properties important enough to have their own articles (and then those articles should be linked) or they are not important enough to have as an external link. It appears like CNET is using Wikipedia for their own SEO.

SgnDave 20:40, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I've reverted back to my last edit in June due to copyright and POV problems, with a few changes. --- RockMFR 20:37, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Split?
I've noticed that the podcast section is swelling, anyone think should this become a separate page? tcardone05 03:49, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Protection
Maybe we should get this page locked. Raving members of GameSpot's forums are planning a raid on cNet's wiki page. Freyar 21:50, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

→Yeah.. here comes the waves.Freyar 21:53, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * It's been protected for a week. Natalie 21:58, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Good. If you're mad at CNET, it doesn't make sense to make the Wikipedia editors suffer. Optichan 22:00, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't there be at least a 'Criticism' section to shortly detail those events (and of CNet's management's reactions?). Just watching the events fold, it's pretty much a mileston in CNet's history Poisonborz (talk) 17:16, 12 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed, but we’d have to be careful. There’s so much wrong with CNet, that a criticism section would quickly overshadow the rest of the article. Not that I would personally have anything against that, having firsthand experience with CNet’s lousy policies, but it wouldn’t reflect well on Wikipedia. — NRen2k5 09:26, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Merge from Download.com
It was suggested that the Download.com article be merged into this one. There wasn't a section for it on this talk page so I took the liberty of starting it. Discuss. — Fatal Error  00:04, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

If other CNET sites have their own page, Download.com should as well. It's a big part of the network. The article, though, could use some work. Tcardone05 (talk) 23:06, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

CNET's websites are completely broken!
Something is truly wrong with the CNET websites! I can't connect to GameSpot, I can't connect to my profile on MP3.com, I can't connect to my profile on TV.com, and I can't connect to GameFAQs! In fact, I can't connect to any website at all! Can somebody please fix all of the broken CNET websites? --Angeldeb82 (talk) 15:12, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

Podcasts
The watchbol.com link should be changed to cnet.com/live as this is where all the Podcasts now stream from. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.100.59.195 (talk) 15:49, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Websites
First of all the titles shouldn't dance between the website and the site name, and also it seems that there are some "websites" that are more just a part of the CNET website (www.cnet.com) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ayhnjroo (talk • contribs) 01:41, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

Why is it defunct?
Article says it is defunct. However, it is still operating as CNET. Therefore we can't say it's defunct!-- Lester  08:41, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

The use of was
IMO, this article makes it seem as if CNET doesn't exsist anymore by ,the use of the word "was" in the first sentence. I think the article needs a resturcting, so it appears as if CNET is still operating (which it is, very much so!) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.146.48.122 (talk) 21:24, 5 April 2010 (UTC)
 * This is exactly what I came to this discussion page to say. This article's very structure is deceptive to the average reader, most of whom are probably coming to learn about CNET.com. 98.82.34.167 (talk) 04:57, 14 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, I made the change to a more logical reading, but another editor saw fit to revert it, thus confusing everyone who comes here looking for info. Fine.  This is hardly an article I could give two shakes about, my work is done here. 98.82.34.167 (talk) 17:35, 15 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:CNET Networks


text: User talk:80.146.96.175

title: User talk:80.146.96.175


text:
Talk:Aspirated consonant

disputed
Aspiration for certain words is a lie. It depends on the air demand through speaking, and the speaker's preference—at least, on mine. lysdexia 12:39, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, but anyone who has ever studied the phonetics of English in even the most cursory detail will learn that aspiration is an essential part of the voiceless stop series in English. Nohat 20:11, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with Lysdexia that there is some variation in whether or not a stop in a certain position in aspirated. I don't know about initial stops in stressed syllables; as far as I can tell, they are nearly always aspirated by native English speakers.  But stops in other positions can be aspirated or not depending on a number of factors.  Most noticeably I think is whether the speaker is speaking naturally, or consciously articulating for clarity, as is often done in singing, acting, delivering a speech, or speaking on the radio.  For example, speak
 * To be or not to be; that is the question.
 * carefully putting emphasis on not and that. Many speakers (myself included) will articulate the t at the end of each of those words, even though those stops are in positions where they are usually not aspirated. CyborgTosser (Only half the battle) 03:30, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Aspiration is merely a function of voice onset time. If a stop is released before voicing or closure for another consonant, then there will be aspiration. This is what happens when you articulate words in citation form. The particular rules for the aspiration of [p], [t], and [k] in English, are found on voiceless bilabial plosive, voiceless alveolar plosive, and voiceless velar plosive, respectively. Lysdexia's assertion, on the other hand, that aspiration has anything to do with "speaker's preference" is not based any evidence or linguistic theory that I've ever encountered. Nohat 04:06, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps this is a question of strict definition, then - is the puff of air after the carefully enunciated "not" and "that" in the quote considered an aspiration? I note that when I try the example "top" vs. "stop", I do indeed aspirate the 't' only with the first word, but I also aspirate the final 'p' of either word - unless I consciously speak with an American-style accent and suppress the puff of air, sounding as many people I know would (but I would not in normal speech).

 * Voice onset time is the easiest way of measuring aspiration, but it's not the same thing! It is possible to articulate consonants with a lot of air pressure – so that voice onset time is necessarily much delayed – but without aspiration. Aspiration is not a strong release, it is a release into [h]. When there's nothing going on in the glottis, there's no aspiration.
 * What the above name- and dateless comment means by "suppressing the puff of air" is something yet again different: unreleased consonants – no audible release at all.
 * David Marjanović | david.marjanovic_at_gmx.at | 00:46 CEST | 2006/5/5

 * As for the second point, agreed. As for the first, I'm not sure I follow. Nothing much does go on with the glottis during aspiration. If you release a consonant, and voicing is delayed, then you have a period where the airstream is passing through the glottis without voicing. That is pretty much an [h], and therefore is aspiration. If there is no airflow, then you might have a glottal stop - you see this with some click consonants. That should perhaps be clarified. I can't think of another way you'd get that effect within a phonological word. kwami 01:35, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

I agree that aspiration is NOT strong release. Although the 'blowing out a cadle' does reliably show aspiration, this notion is standardly defined by the classics (Wells, Roach), as well as other phonetic references, in terms of VOT - it is the period of no voicing between the consonant ad the following vowel. I am of course open to correction, but I strongly feel the author should either furnish references, or edit this fragment of the entry. Ariosto 21:38, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

clean-up
This article doesn't flow well at all and is very poorly organized. I might try and clean it up a bit later, but I'd like to get some input on how to do so first. --Lesouris 15:04, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest organizing it into sections for starters. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.140.29.251 (talk) 18:50, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

2 jokes ?
There are 2 sources of pleasure in this article, imnsho.
 * Aspiration means more or less "in-breath" or "in-blow": the so-called aspiration phenomenon may be renamed expiration instead.
 * Try the candle test mentioned in the article: you will probably see the flame dance in both cases, as the 's' of store produces an air blow (expiration) as well.

from wiktionary to aspirate (third-person singular simple present aspirates, present participle aspirating, simple past and past participle aspirated) 1. (transitive, linguistics) To follow a consonant with an audible puff of breath. 2. (transitive) To remove gas by means of suction. 3. (intransitive) To inhale; to draw into one's lungs.

--Denispir (talk) 14:47, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

aspiration
I don't really know much about linguistics....however it is very unnerving and makes utterly no sense, when I'm looking for a description of what aspiration is, together with examples in English that illustrate what aspiration is, and how English speakers aspirate their consonants, to find that the article mentions everything about unaspirated consonants. the words pen, ken and ten do not help, which consonants are aspirated? maybe these should be highlighted?! and they all rhyme, maybe a more varied and wide range of examples in English should be given. This is not clear at all. I would suggest that the paragraph be rewritten, by an individual who understands the subject. Dannyza1981 (talk) 17:29, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

 * The lead paragraph had the sharp English examples of "tʰore" and "st⁼ore". I agree that the article explains more what aspirated consonants aren't than what they are. Like You Never Did See (talk) 17:41, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

Whispering in English
Are whispered d, g, and b in English unaspirated? It seems to me that they are still distinguishable from t, k, and p, but it can't be voicing that distinguishes them as all whispered sounds are unvoiced. If they are, this could be another useful example for the article. DAF (talk) 04:35, 9 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, they are unaspirated. --89.79.88.109 (talk) 20:01, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
 * In addition, there is a fortis-lenis contrast that remains when whispered (this is how, for example, languages without an aspiration contrast can still distinguish consonants when whispering). Auvon (talk) 23:18, 16 May 2016 (UTC)

Does this sentence make not sense ?
"In addition to Eastern Armenian, many languages, such as Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the dialects of Chinese [p˭ t˭ k˭] etc. and [pʰ tʰ kʰ] etc. are different phonemes altogether."
 * …which i decode as "many languages are different phonemes altogether". Am i missing something ? Perhaps an "in many languages, such as…" would fix it ?

--Jerome Potts (talk) 21:48, 16 August 2013 (UTC)

Audio examples?
Are there any audio examples out there? I still doesn't understand the differences, how an apsirated or unaspirated t,p,k etc. sounds. :-/ --RokerHRO (talk) 12:11, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Good question. I can upload some English examples, like till and still. There might be examples from Mandarin Chinese on Wikimedia Commons, and less likely there may be examples from Armenian or some of the other languages mentioned. — Eru·tuon 20:01, 19 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I've added many examples. Let me know if they help you understand what aspiration is. — Eru·tuon 06:17, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Thanks, the Armenian examples help. I hear a clear difference, the "aspirated" k at the end sounds somewhat like a [kç] for me. :-)
 * The difference of the t in "distend/distaste" is noticeable, if I listen closely, but normally I would not notice it at all.
 * I think, I always speak "unaspirated". The aspirated consonants sounds a bit like "spoken with numb lips/tongue" (like when you got an anestesia from you dentist). ;-)
 * --RokerHRO (talk) 23:30, 25 February 2015 (UTC)
 * You're a native speaker of German, right? It's surprising you don't have aspirated consonants, since standard German typically has aspiration of voiceless consonants in similar places to where English does. (Of course, some dialects probably don't.)

 * Your observation is valid: in most of the examples, the aspirated consonants sound looser, more relaxed, or slack. I think this isn't true of all languages with aspirated consonants: in Hindi stops are not as loose, and even the aspirated ones are pronounced with a "pop", which may indicate more muscular tension than in Armenian (as in this set of examples from the UCLA phonetics archive, which are recorded here). It would be wonderful if we could add Hindi examples to this article, but I haven't found anyone to record them yet. — Eru·tuon 23:45, 25 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Yes, I am a German native speaker. :-)
 * Btw, the Armenian examples reminds me on palatalizations I know from the Russian language. Especially the "…ть" at the end of words sounds like [tç] for me. Okay, palatizations are written with j in IPA, not with h but perhaps there are languages with have palatizations and aspirations, so one have to here the differences more precisely… --RokerHRO (talk) 14:00, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I guess the similarity is that both an aspirated consonant and a palatalized aspirated consonant have a clearly audible release; the difference is the place of articulation of the release. The release of a final is more likely to be  with a velar fricative, than a palatal fricative, but it would sometimes be opener than a fricative. The question is then how one distinguishes  from . It may be that the aspirated stop is shorter and its release tends to consist of a voiceless version of the following vowel, if there is a following vowel, rather than always having , meaning that it could be  (here I marked the release with a short sign), but I'm not totally sure. I guess the ideal conception is that the release of the aspirated consonant doesn't have a particular place of articulation, and it's basically just voicelessness, which may take on the place of articulation of a neighboring sound.

 * You can go to to hear aspirated consonants with and without palatalization in English, and there are some examples of Russian as well. There's a clear difference in whether the consonant is -colored, and the Armenian consonants clearly lack palatalization. — Eru·tuon 21:38, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

/h/
The article probably needs a disclaimer somewhere about the slighly confusing terminological usage of "aspiration" to refer to the existence of a phoneme /h/. -- Trɔpʏliʊm • blah 18:15, 26 August 2015 (UTC)

Italian (etc.) doesn't have phonemic aspiration but it also lacks allophonic/non-phonemic aspiration
French,[5] Standard Dutch,[6] Tamil, Italian, Russian, Spanish, Modern Greek, and Latvian are languages that do not have phonemic aspirated consonants. here one should probably add do not have phonemic or allophonic aspirated consonants. i.e. they usually don't have aspirated consonants at all, and if speakers of English and/or German pronounce Italian words and names it often also sounds wrong because of the aspiration... Wathiik (talk) 16:49, 2 February 2018 (UTC)

Zomi
Because no have Zomi language So, the Zomi language was created. Alpha Alp; Nf (talk) 16:24, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Then, if you do the language, what should you do? Please share Alpha Alp; Nf (talk) 16:28, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aspirated consonant


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title: User:Anthony/Admin pages


text:
Arthur Smith (rugby union)

Arthur Robert Smith (23 January 1933 – 3 February 1975) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He played as a Wing.

Amateur career
Originally from Castle Douglas in Kirkcudbrightshire in Scotland, he graduated in mathematics at Glasgow University and then gained a PhD at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He represented Cambridge in four Varsity Matches from 1954 to 1957 inclusive. It was at Cambridge that he came to flourish as a player.

Smith played for a number of sides including Glasgow University, Cambridge University, London Scottish F C, Gosforth, Ebbw Vale, Edinburgh Wanderers and Barbarians FC (the latter on their famous 1957 Easter tour of Wales, when they beat Cardiff RFC 40–0). One of the clubs that Arthur played for was Ebbw Vale, in Wales, and it is rumoured that having been selected by the British Lions that he played a game for Ebbw Vale under another name because Lions were banned from playing after Easter.

International career
He captained both Scotland and the British Lions. He won 33 caps for Scotland and was never dropped until his retirement in 1962, although he did miss some matches due to injury. He also became Scotland's captain, which is a rare honour for a winger.

His debut was in 1955, a Dark Age for Scottish rugby, as the national team had just lost seventeen tests in a row. Smith helped to break this losing streak by scoring a try in a 35–10 defeat of Wales at Inverleith, which was probably one of the biggest upsets in post-war rugby.

Smith also captained the 1960 Scotland rugby union tour of South Africa, the first major tour undertaken by a Home Union, and scored eight points in Scotland's 18–10 loss.

He was twice a British Lion, both times in South Africa (1955 and 1962). Smith did not play in any of the internationals against in 1955 but he captained the touring party in 1962 and played in the first three internationals before being forced to miss the final match through injury.

Profiles
Richard Bath writes of him that:
 * "As well as possessing searing pace, the farmer's son from Castle Douglas in Galloway also possessed great intellect and gained a first class degree in maths from Glasgow University before completing his PhD at Cambridge - and all that while winning 33 caps for Scotland."

Allan Massie writes of him that:
 * "He was a natural rather than a schooled player, for in his youth he had played [association] football, not Rugby; at Glasgow University he was better known as a long jumper than a Rugby player."

 * "He was never a great improviser, like his contemporary England's Peter Jackson, and for this reason many would have put him in second place among the right wings of his time; and he was not the sort of wing who impressed by his brute force and determination. But he was still a deadly finisher. With the ball in hand his two chief devices were the swerve and the change of pace; I have seen no wing to better his control of pace, nor one with a nicer ability to leave an opposing wing or full-back clutching the air... He was always skilful and resourceful, very rarely prepared to let an attack die. He was a master of that now neglected ploy, the cross-kick, which placed the ball just behind the opposing defence for his forwards to run on to... Those of us who watched Arthur Smith have only to close our eyes to see him slip into top gear, like a thoroughbred racehorse. Nobody has ever worn the Number 14 jersey for Scotland since with quite the same authority."

Sadly, Arthur Smith died of cancer less than ten years after playing his last international.

title: Arthur Smith (rugby union)


text:
Emergent gameplay

Emergent gameplay refers to complex situations in video games, board games, or role-playing games that emerge from the interaction of relatively simple game mechanics.

Designers have attempted to encourage emergent play by providing tools to players such as placing web browsers within the game engine (such as in Eve Online, The Matrix Online), providing XML integration tools and programming languages (Second Life), fixing exchange rates (Entropia Universe), and allowing a player to spawn any object they desire to solve a puzzle (Scribblenauts).

Intentional emergence
Intentional emergence occurs when some creative uses of the game are intended by the game designers. Since the 1970s and 1980s board games and role playing games such as Cosmic Encounter or Dungeons & Dragons have featured intentional emergence as a primary game function by supplying players with relatively simple rules or frameworks for play that intentionally encouraged them to explore creative strategies or interactions and exploit them toward victory or goal achievement.

Creative solutions
Immersive sims, such as Deus Ex and System Shock, are games built around emergent gameplay. These games give the player-character a range of abilities and tools, and a consistent game world established by rules, but do not enforce any specific solution onto the player, though the player may be guided into suggested solutions. To move past a guard blocking a door, the player could opt to directly attack the guard, sneak up and knock the guard unconscious, distract the guard to move away from their post, or use parkour to reach an alternative opening well out of sight, among other solutions. In such games, it may be possible to complete in-game problems using solutions that the game designers did not foresee; for example in Deus Ex, designers were surprised to find players using wall-mounted mines as pitons for climbing walls. A similar concept exists for roguelike games, where emergent gameplay is considered a high-value factor by the 2008 Berlin Interpretation for roguelikes.

Such emergence may also occur in games through open-ended gameplay and sheer weight of simulated content, like in Minecraft, Dwarf Fortress or Space Station 13. These games do not have any endgame criteria though they do, similarly to immersive sims, present a consistent and rule-based world. These games will often present the player with tutorials of what they could do within the game. From this, players may follow the intended way to play the game, or can veer in completely different directions, such as extravagant simulated machines within Minecraft.

Certain classes of open-ended puzzle games can also support emergent gameplay. The line of games produced by Zachtronics, such as Spacechem and Infinifactory, are broadly considered programming puzzles, where the player must assemble pieces of a mechanism to produce a specific product from various inputs. The games otherwise have no limits in how many components can be used and how long the process needs to complete, though through in-game leaderboards, players are encouraged to make more efficient solutions than their online friends. While each puzzle is crafted to assure at least one possible solution exists, players frequently find emergent solutions that may be more elegant, use components in unexpected fashions, or otherwise diverge greatly from the envisioned route.

Emergent narrative
Some games do not use a pre-planned story structure, even non-linear.

In The Sims, a story may emerge from the actions of the player. But the player is given so much control that they are more creating a story than interacting with a story. Emergent narrative would only partially be created by the player. Warren Spector, the designer of Deus Ex, has argued that emergent narrative lacks the emotional impact of linear storytelling.

Left 4 Dead features a dynamic system for game dramatics, pacing, and difficulty called the Director. The way the Director works is called "Procedural narrative": instead of having a difficulty which increases to a constant level, the A.I. analyzes how the players fared in the game so far, and tries to add subsequent events that would give them a sense of narrative.

Minecraft and Dwarf Fortress also have emergent narrative features due to the abstraction of how elements are represented in game, allowing system-wide features to apply across multiple objects without the need to develop specialized assets for each different state; this can create more realistic behavior for non-player controlled entities that aid in the emergent narrative. For example, in Dwarf Fortress, any of the living creatures in the game could gain the state of being intoxicated from alcohol, creating random behavior in their movement from the intoxication but not requiring them to display anything uniquely different, in contrast to a more representational game that would need new assets and models for a drunk creature. Because these are abstract and interacting systems, this can then create emergent behavior the developers had never anticipated.

Unintentional emergence
Unintentional emergence occurs when creative uses of the video game were not intended by the game designers.

Glitch or quirk-based strategies
Emergent gameplay can arise from a game's AI performing actions or creating effects unexpected by even the software developers. This may be by either a software glitch, the game working normally but producing unexpected results when played in an abnormal way or software that allows for AI development; for example the unplanned genetic diseases that can occur in the Creatures series.

In several games, especially first-person shooters, game glitches or physics quirks can become viable strategies, or even spawn their own game types. In id Software's Quake series, rocket jumping and strafe-jumping are two such examples. In the game Halo 2, pressing the melee attack button (B) quickly followed by the reload button (X) and the primary fire button (R trigger) would result in the player not having to wait for the gun to be back in position to shoot after a melee attack. Doing this has become known as "BXR-ing".

Starsiege: Tribes had a glitch in the physics engine which allowed players to "ski" up and down steep slopes by rapidly pressing the jump key, gaining substantial speed in the process. The exploitation of this glitch became central to the gameplay, supplanting the vehicles that had been originally envisioned by the designers as the primary means of traversing large maps.

Thanks to a programming oversight by Capcom, the combo (or 2-1 combo) notion was introduced with the fighting game Street Fighter II, when skilled players learned that they could combine several attacks that left no time for their opponents to recover, as long as they were timed correctly.

The PlayStation 1 version of the 2004 edition of the FIFA series featured a selection of new attacking skills like off the ball running and touch sensitive passing, all of which were designed for analog controller use. Particularly skilled players had been artificially manipulating these features into the game series since at least the 1999 edition by deft and rapid manipulation of the original non-analogue stick PS controllers. The game was relatively easy to beat on the hardest level on single player, using a series of tricks from the instruction manual which the AI could not replicate consistently or defend against, but long-term players found that in trying to make the game attain to a more realistic football simulation by playing without using these tricks, the simplistic in-game AI would seem to respond by learning osmotically from the player with greater creativity from the opposition teams and an apparent learning intelligence in selecting off the ball players and shot direction, things that were supposed to be impossible with the non-analog controller.

Changing game objectives
In online car racing games, particularly Project Gotham Racing, players came up with an alternative objective known as "Cat and Mouse". The racers play on teams of at least two cars. Each team picks one very slow car as the mouse, and their goal is to have their slow car cross the finish line first. Thus the team members in faster cars aim to push their slow car into the lead and ram their opposing teams' slow cars off the road.

Completing games without getting certain items or by skipping seemingly required portions of gameplay results in sequence breaking, a technique that has developed its own dedicated community. Often, speed of completion and/or minimalist use of items are respectable achievements. This technique has long been used in the Metroid game series and has developed into a community devoted to speedruns. NetHack has over time codified many such challenges as "conduct" and acknowledges players who manage to finish characters with unbroken pacifist or vegetarian disciplines, for example. A comparable form of restricted gameplay has been implemented within World of Warcraft, known as "Iron Man" leveling.

A change in gameplay can be used to create a de facto minigame, such as the "Green Demon Challenge" in Super Mario 64, where the object is to avoid collecting a 1-up which chases the player, even passing through terrain, while the player attempts to collect all red coins on a level. Other challenges have been built around reaching normally unreachable areas or items, sometimes using glitches or gameplaying tools, or by completing a level without using an important game control, such as the 'jump' button or joystick.

Machinima, the use of computer animation from video game engines to create films, began in 1996. The practice of recording deathmatches in id Software's 1996 computer game Quake was extended by adding a narrative, thus changing the objective from winning to creating a film. Later, game developers provided increased support for creating machinima; for example, Lionhead Studios' 2005 game The Movies, is tailored for it.

Real economy interaction
Traders in MMOs with economic systems play purely to acquire virtual game objects or avatars which they then sell for real-world money on auction websites or game currency exchange sites. This results in the trader's play objective to make real money regardless of the original game designer's objectives.

Many games prohibit currency trading in the EULA,   but it is still a common practice.

Some players provide real world services (like website design, web hosting) paid for with in-game currency. This can influence the economy of the game, as players gain wealth/power in the game unrelated to game events. For example, this strategy is used in Blizzard Entertainment's World of Warcraft.

title: Emergent gameplay


text:
Talk:Krag–Petersson

Re: My edits on 26th June 2005
It is clear from the discussion on FAC that the main objection seems to the be lenght of the article - so I've gone thru all the avilable sources one more time (ie: the book mentioned as a reference and the two websites mentioned as exterior links...) and dregged up more. Personally, I don't think these edits gives anything new to the article.. it still says the same things, only now it spends more time doing so. But hopefully....

WegianWarrior 20:19, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Testing tables
original

Revised

Pictures
There is no picture of an entire Krag-Peterson rifle on this page... obviously a simple oversight, which I'm sure will be corrected shortly. ZacharyS 07:17, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The problem is to get one that is clear, good and preferable free. Still working on it thought. Some images can be seen on the external links, but I've so far not been able to talk the owners of those into releasing the images under a suitable license. WegianWarrior 19:52, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I'm delighted that a gun article has made it to this lofty position, and it's really to late to change anything, but it seems like a full picture should be a requirement for featured article status. ZacharyS 03:30, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Figures
Isn't rounds-per-minute the standard unit for firearms?

 * For automatic firearms, sure. No real standard exist for manually operated firearms, since they are entirely dependant on the shooter. Oh, and please sign your comments on the talkpages with ~, since it makes it easier to see who said what. WegianWarrior 08:20, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciation?
What is the proper way to pronounce "Krag-Petersson"? --LostLeviathan 21:06, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Kraaahg - Pe-tur-sohn Davumaya 05:10, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Krag–Petersson


text:
User talk:Fjl

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Arb Com election]] 12:46, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I owe you an apology for correcting your correct change to the pope list. Pakaran (ark a pan) 20:26, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Babel
Could you consider adding this template to your userpage? It is very helpful in case translators are needed and such.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 15:28, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Tnx! You may be interested in visiting the Polish Wikipedians' notice board.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 16:58, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Revert of January 2006
What was the reason of revert? Fjl 15:02, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * If you are referring to the revert of this, it would be unexplained content removal (vandalism). At least 45 valid interwiki translations were removed without reason by an anon user.  Can't sleep, clown will eat me 15:08, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * This interwiki is not valid. It leads to current events in other languages not to january 2006. Fjl 15:53, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Which one(s) is(are) invalid? The page is still linking to all of them, so if there is any invalid interwikis, they still need to be removed.  Can't sleep, clown will eat me 19:26, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Re:Salomon_Morel#During_the_war
A skąd ja mam to wiedziec :) Jak na ma zrodla, kasuj takie idiotyzmy, to moja rada.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 11:12, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

agree

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Fjl! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 15:34, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Artur Zawisza -

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fjl


text:
Talk:Decompression illness

Decompression Sickness vs Decompression Illness
I don't believe this page should be merged with Decompression sickness, as decompression sickness (DCS) and decompression illness (DCI) have important distinctions in the diving (and dive medicine) community.

DCS is commonly known as the bends, and is caused by a drop in pressure causing gas to come out of solution in the body's tissues and fluids.

DCI is a group of disorders, usually understood to mean both DCS, and air embolisms. Barotrauma is also associated to rapid assent, but is due to overexpansion of the confined air in the lungs as a result of holding ones breath which causes it to pop - see pneumothorax.

In other words, DCS is a type of DCI.

By merging the two articles, anyone wishing to find out information about DCI is instead given a lot of information about one type of injury (DCS), but very little about the other (barotrauma). It also makes it less obvious that there is a distinction between the two terms.

The DCI page does have the potential to become a free-standing (albeit short) article, with a mention of common symptoms and first aid, as well as a brief explanation as to the differences between DCS and an air embolism.

--PJF (talk) 12:47, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure you read this article carefully, because it's already exactly what you request. It's an article on DCI, which says that DCI is composed of DCS and AGE (which means DCS is a type of DCI), and has summaries of each, WITH links to longer {main} articles on each of these (READ the main articles please!). What more could you ask for? That structure is way Wikipedia's supposed to be. We haven't merged anything. The separate longer articles on DCS and AGE exist. Both of course refer to other things, which is why used alone they link to disambig (dab) pages which include them both. As for barotrauma, DCI is barotrauma due to decompression. Barotrauma due to simple compression is something else-- compression barotrauma, once supposes. S  B Harris 04:40, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The relationship between the three articles DCS DCI and AGE does not work and is almost certainly confusing people. AGE pretty much stands alone but DCS and DCI cover almost exactly the same material while using different wording.  Personally, I really doubt the need to seperate DCS and DCI because the only difference seems to be DCI includes embolism arising from baratrauma while DCS restricts embolism to that arising from internal precipitation without trauma.  While I would like to see a merge perhaps we can keep the two by ensuring the DCS material is identical, this could be done by Transcluding DCS materila into DCI and recasting DCI as clearly being an aggregation of DCS and AGE.  If this were done then most of the words in DCI will go except in certain cases where they improve on the DCS text in which case they will replace text there. What think you? Ex nihil (talk) 02:06, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree it's not satisfactory at present. Personally I think the the structure proposed by Sbharris is the wikipedia way. Decompression illness should be a summary-style article, with a short overview, pointing the reader to Decompression sickness and Arterial gas embolism, mentioning the differences and the common first aid. The main problem is that Arterial gas embolism is a redirect to Air embolism which covers a wider topic than AGE. The other problems are inaccuracies and lack of references in the child articles, but that's for another day. I would suggest focussing efforts for now on cleaning up DCS and AGE, then the DCI article should write itself. DCS is next on my list for a major re-write to conform with WP:MOSMED, but I don't know when I'll get there :( Make a start and I'll join you! --RexxS (talk) 15:50, 16 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Well, I had a fairly radical go at DCI along the lines of the above that I belive fixes the main problem. I'll maybe have a look at DCS and AGS when this has settled down Ex nihil (talk) 08:09, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Decompression illness