text:
Talk:Valve gear

Categories
I've put the various valve gears in their own category. Please add future pages (e.g. for Young etc.) in category:Locomotive valve gear and do not add them to category:Locomotive parts. Mangoe 03:35, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Improving valve gear articles
I could use a little help:

 * 1) I only know about American (and a smidgin of British) usage. Someone with continental/other knowledge needs to take a stab at expanding/filling in those.
 * 2) I also don't know much about the poppet systems. I've looked at Caprotti valve gear, and it could use some help. Someone especially needs to tackle Franklin because it is important to the PRR T1.
 * 3) I'm not sure I'm naming the parts correctly. I especially need someone who can name the parts of Baker valve gear.
 * 4) I know the idea behind Young valve gear but am not up to actually writing the article.
 * 5) Southern valve gear needs a history review.
 * 6) Surviving engines with some of the odder varieties would be nice. (I have examples for Baker and Southern.)
 * 7) Steam locomotive nomenclature doesn't show much of the valve gear. We may want to help this out more than I've attempted to do, but I'm not sure how.

Mangoe 03:20, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

I have added preserved examples with Allan, Joy and Bagnall-Price valve gears. 82.21.65.109 10:01, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Sleeve Valves
Hi Mangoe Thanks for amending the bit I added about sleeve valves and the Leader. I knew it didn't read well when I wrote it.--7severn7 19:01, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Bias towards railway locomotives
As so often with steam articles, the bias (of knowledge, not POV) is towards railway locomotives. It would be good if an editor with stationary and marine steam knowledge had a look in here.--John of Paris (talk) 12:42, 17 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I've added a short paragraph on Corliss valve gear with a link to Corliss steam engine#Corliss valve gear. --Roly (talk) 15:20, 22 March 2013 (UTC)

Trofimoff valve
I wasn't sure where to add the above link, so I've put it pro tem under the "see also" section. Please feel free to move it to a more appropriate place in the article. --Bermicourt (talk) 20:03, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

crankshaft/crank/big end
Redrose64 - railway locos may not have a traditional crankshaft but other engines do. This article should not apply only to railway locos. Even on a railway loco, the crankshaft can be considered to be the driving axle. However, what I'm really getting at is that the motion of the valve gear is not normally derived from the main crank or big end. The motion is normally derived from an eccentric or return crank, attached to somewhere on the crankshaft or driving axle at around 90 degrees to the crank pin. There may also be a secondary connection to some point at 0 degrees but this is usually the crosshead (as in Waltschearts) rarely the main crank or big end. Is there some wording that we can agree on? How about something like "...from the motion of the main crankshaft or driving axle."? Roly (talk) 18:05, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
 * There are several places that the valve motion can be derived from. Some are the crankshaft (eccentrics for Stephenson etc.), some the connecting rod (radial valvegears like Joy or Marshall) or the beam engine valvegears. The only one I can think of offhand that uses a return crank is Walschaerts, although that's obviously very important. On the whole I'd go with a deliberately vague term like "motion", rather than being specific to the crankshaft.
 * As to crankshaft vs crank axle, then I see crankshaft as a perfectly good synonym for crank axle or return crank. Especially so as it works equally well for stationary or locomotive engines, which crank axle wouldn't do. Andy Dingley (talk) 18:24, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I think Andy has a good point here. I'd go along with "motion". Roly (talk) 18:38, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
 * OK; but I think the entire paragraph is a bit confused. The implication is that in most valve gears, the primary movement of the valve is obtained from the same crank as is driven by the connecting rod. The problem with this implication is that except for the Joy gear (a pin part-way along the connecting rod) and certain unusual types like the Hawthorn-Kitson valve gear, this movement is around 90° out of phase with the desired movement. So, in the commoner types of locomotive valve gear, such as the Stephenson and Walschaerts', the primary motion comes from an eccentric. But the 90° difference is not ideal, and to obtain the desired lead, either the eccentric is positioned away from the 90° angle (Stephenson) or an additional movement is derived from the crosshead (Walschaerts'). I don't know of any valve gears that derive the lead from the crank. -- Red rose64 (talk) 20:48, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I agree it is not good. While we are at it, I think "In the internal combustion engine ... commonly used with steam engines, partly because achieving variable engine timing using cams is complicated." is speculative OR. That they just happened to evolve that way, eg. from gab gear, is at least as likely. Globbet (talk) 22:25, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

Photos
Do we really need two very similar photos of the Walschaerts valve gear at the top of the article? One of these could be replaced by a decent photo of Stephenson's gear. I know Stephenson's is typically inside the frames of a loco but there is at least one exception (a Black 5? named after RS himself) and there were (still are?) some stationaries with accessible Stephenson's gear. Some more photos of less common gears would not be out of place either. Unfortunately, I don't have any suitable photos myself. --Roly (talk) 12:44, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
 * That was . The previous photo claimed to be "a close up on the left-hand Walschaerts valve gear", but omitted the return crank and the return crank rod, both being important components; and it also seemed to give undue prominence to items which are nothing to do with the valve gear - buffers, front axle, chimney and ejector. I wanted to replace that with a photo which showed a complete set of the gear on a British loco. -- Red rose64 (talk) 18:33, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
 * From fairly extensive past searches, there are no useful Commons photos of British locos with Stephenson gear. The Black 5 with the external gear doesn't have a great photo and although I did take some fairly decent ones when I found a saddle tank with a skinny boiler, those of internal gear can't show a decent side view of the overall gear, both link and eccentric. However for German and Austrian locos, where external Stephenson gear was much more common, there are plenty of them. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:23, 4 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, the article is not solely about railway locomotive valve gears, so a photo of the valve gear of a marine or traction engine would be appropriate, and would help to present the wider application of valve gears, most commonly Stephenson's. Globbet (talk) 22:28, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I have deleted one of the two almost identical photos. I thought it was pointless having both. I still think we should have a good photo of a Stephensons gear if someone can find one. --Roly (talk) 18:47, 16 May 2014 (UTC)

Inside vs outside admission.
Could we perhaps get a section explaining the difference between inside and outside admission? I googled around fruitlessly for an illustration, and found nothing but descriptions. The only Wikipedia reference to the two that I came up with is on the Walshaerts valve gear article, but there is no explanation, and I find nothing else even referring to the two types (I think maybe the article on slide valves mentioned that they "are always outside admission", but with no further detail). I finally figured it out by looking at the illustrations of the Walshaerts gear and comparing it to the illustrations on the slide valve, and applying the things I had read in OTHER places to the illustrations, but it would be nice if one could find all of that information and illustrations right here on Wikipedia. As it is, I don't even find a simple (or even complex) explanation here. It would be nice if I could look right at that image of the locomotive piston and have a caption explaining that if the steam is admitted through the central portion of the piston gear, it is inside admission. If it's the opposite, it's outside admission. That seems very obvious in retrospect, but it wasn't so obvious when I was reading various things about how "the steam exhausts through the center of the piston"; I had an image in my mind of the steam exhausting down through the core of the piston and out the end, even though that didn't seem to match what I had seen of piston valves before. Also maybe a brief caution not to confuse "inside and outside valve gear" with "inside and outside admission"? .45Colt 13:46, 5 February 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by .45Colt (talk • contribs)
 * Refer to the upper part of the diagram at right. The valve consists of a spindle (the valve stem) upon which are mounted two solid cylindrical valve heads. The valve is concentric with a cylindrical tube (the valve chest). The valve heads are a close fit in the valve chest, like the piston in a cylinder, hence the term piston valve. The fit is normally improved by the use of rings made of a springy material, much like the piston rings of a car engine; steam therefore cannot pass from one side of a valve head to the other. Adjacent to each valve head, in the lower wall of the valve chest, is a port leading to one end of the cylinder. The valve stem is free to move along its axis, and depending upon its position, each port may be covered up, preventing the passage of steam; or it may be uncovered, allowing steam to pass from the valve chest to the cylinder, or vice versa. Since the valve can move in either direction, steam can pass either between the cylinder and the end of the valve chest (the outside), or between the cylinder and the part of the valve chest that is between the two valve heads (the inside). There are three more ports, shown in the upper wall of the valve chest, and these are so positioned that they are never covered by the valve head.
 * First assume that the steam supply from the boiler is connected to the central port in the upper side of the valve chest; the outer two ports in the upper side of the valve chest are connected to exhaust via the blastpipe. This is known as inside admission, since the steam is admitted inside (between) the valve heads. In the position shown, with the valve towards the right (the rear of the locomotive), the left-hand (front) port is uncovered to exhaust, and the right-hand (rear) port is uncovered to admission. This is the normal arrangement for a piston-valve locomotive in Great Britain.
 * Now assume that the steam supply from the boiler is connected to the outer two ports in the upper side of the valve chest; the central port in the upper side of the valve chest is connected to exhaust via the blastpipe. This is known as outside admission, since the steam is admitted outside the valve heads. In the position shown, with the valve towards the right (the rear of the locomotive), the left-hand (front) port is uncovered to admission, and the right-hand (rear) port is uncovered to exhaust. This is an unusual arrangement for a piston-valve locomotive; examples of its use in Great Britain are LNER Class D9, LNER Class D10, SR Merchant Navy class and the SR West Country and Battle of Britain classes. -- Red rose64 (talk) 18:39, 5 February 2014 (UTC)

Marshall valve gear
I think the section on Marshall valve gear may be inaccurate. There are at least two different Marshall valve gears, invented by two different Marshalls. I am doing some research on this. Biscuittin (talk) 16:52, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Yes, and there is a third. LNWR Whale Experiment Class no. 1361 Prospero was fitted with what some sources describe as "Marshall valve gear", others as "Dendy Marshall valve gear". This is Chapman Frederick Dendy Marshall (1873-1945), the same man that wrote History of the Southern Railway in 1937. Note that "Dendy" isn't a forename, it's the first word of an unhyphenated double-barrel surname, like "Bonham" in Helena Bonham Carter. -- Red rose64 (talk) 17:12, 11 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Here are some patents:

Biscuittin (talk) 19:37, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * James Marshall of Gainsborough, GB189700518, Very hard to follow but I think it allows the cut-off to be varied by the governor
 * James Thompson Marshall of Leeds, GB190103761, This appears to be a modified Walschaerts gear in which the drive from the crosshead is replaced by drive from a second eccentric
 * Dendy Marshall, GB191118805, Piston valve arrangement (inside/outside admission) for engine with cranks at 180 degrees
 * The valve gear on Badger does not seem to resemble any of these so there seems to be a fourth Marshall gear. Biscuittin (talk) 19:43, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * And I can't understand how Badger's valve gear is linked up. There must be some arrangement of levers to replace the Hackworth slide but I can't see them. Biscuittin (talk) 19:48, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * 18,805 of 1911 is the right number for Dendy Marshall - it matches steamindex (above). I notice that they incorrectly give his name as "Marshall, C. F. D" - it should be "Dendy Marshall, C. F." -- Red rose64 (talk) 20:30, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm finding quite a lot of old patent numbers in books but they are not on Espacenet. Perhaps the original documents have been lost or perhaps they have not yet been digitised. Biscuittin (talk) 23:14, 11 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Perhaps Espacenet concentrates on patents that are still in force, possibly also those which were themselves improved upon by current patents? The Patents Act 1977, section 25, says that a patent lasts for 20 years. Although this period may have been different in the past, presumably it won't have been much different (perhaps 10 or 30 years) - but even if the duration of patents was 50 years at some point, these valve gear patents will have expired several decades ago. It's unlikely that any current patents use these older ones as a basis - the development of steam technology in modern times has been pretty much all to do with turbines, not reciprocating engines. -- Red rose64 (talk) 00:20, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * As for that of J.T. Marshall, see
 * this says that he was from Harrogate. -- Red rose64 (talk) 11:29, 12 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I've discovered there is a Wikipedia article on James Thompson Marshall. Biscuittin (talk) 13:51, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I've worked out the valve gear on Badger. The horizontal link at the top is pinned to another horizontal link (painted black) behind it and the gear is linked up by raising or lowering the black link. Biscuittin (talk) 13:58, 13 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I've worked out the valve gear on Badger. The horizontal link at the top is pinned to another horizontal link (painted black) behind it and the gear is linked up by raising or lowering the black link. Biscuittin (talk) 13:58, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

Dalby, p246, "In 1879 specification No 2138 Marshall patented an arrangement of Hackworth gear" which uses a rocking lever instead of a slide. This is the arrangement used on "Badger" which links up as you say. Some of the comments on the Badger page are a bit odd. Firstly, in this application the susceptibility of the Marshall gear to vertical motion of the axle is no different from that of Hackworth gear, and secondly, the 'pendulum link' supporting the valve rod, and introduced to reduce wear, would seem to be a source of wear of its own. Steam boat guru Roger Mallinson regards silence as a measure of engineering quality, and to that end he uses this Marshall gear in his engines because there are no slides and die-blocks to wear and slap.

The Gainsborough Marshall is probably Marshall, Sons & Co., who's excellent late 'S' series traction engines and rollers used their own configuration of Hackworth gear, rotated through almost 90° to fit neatly above the boiler and driving the valve rod via a bell-crank. This has a straight slide, as in Hackworth, not a link. There is an illustration in Hughes, p149. They may well have another patent for governor control, but that would not be what is usually meant by (their version of) Marshall gear.

Harris, p149, uses a similar configuration for a twin launch engine design, with the only difference that it uses a curved slide instead of a straight one. He attributes it to Dendy Marshall, but I think he is (unusually) wrong.

Ahrons, p365, describes the Dendy Marshall gear applied to a 4-cylinder LNWR loco, in which one valve stem has four valve bobbins serving two cylinders. A footnote points to pieces in The Engineer of 1915-09-24 and The Locomotive 1915-10-15. Harris also mentions this arrangement.

As far as I can tell, the first above was quite widely used, the second also a well designed and successful gear, but only used by one manufacturer, and J T Marshall & Dendy Marshall only ever being experimental odd-balls. The J T Marshall gear in the photo of SR 1850 on his page looks over-complicated and fragile.

Dalby, W. E. (1906). Valves and Valve Gear Mechanisms. London: Edward Arnold

Hughes, W. J. (1970) [1959]. A Century of Traction Engines. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 7153 4230 4

Ahrons, Ernest Leopold (1969) [1927]. The British Steam Railway Locomotive 1825-1925. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan. ISBN 711001243

Harris, K. N. (1964) [1958]. Model Stationary and Marine Steam Engines (2nd ed.). London: Percival Marshall & Co. Globbet (talk) 00:45, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I have Ahrons. Page numbers are 354 (J.T. Marshall's valve gear, as applied to a GNR goods engine and a 4-4-0 passenger engine: Ahrons gives a ref to The Engineer 3 November 1905) and 365 (C.F. Dendy Marshall's system as applied to LNWR 4-6-0 (no. 1361 Prospero as I mentioned earlier) ref. The Engineer 24 September 1915 and The Locomotive 15 October 1915). -- Red rose64 (talk) 16:03, 14 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I have now seen the patents for one of the Marshall gears (using links instead of a slide). The patentee is Francis Carr Marshall of Newcastle-on-Tyne, not the Gainsborough Marshalls, although I suppose they might have been related. They are British patents 2138 of 1879 and 4185 of 1880. This is original research so I suppose I can't put it in the article. Biscuittin (talk) 12:46, 20 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I have had a quick look at the James Marshall of Gainsborough patent, GB189700518, and it is clearly a type of trip gear. Globbet (talk) 16:46, 25 February 2015 (UTC)

F.C.Marshall was the boss of Hawthorn Leslie ship builders of Newcastle. The gear is usually used on marine engines. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jmaltbyengineer (talk • contribs) 16:32, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

What is the point of valve gear?
There is a glaring hole in the article. It does not explain what valve gear actually does. For sure it talks about inlet and exhaust opening and cut off points. It also explains how the clever linkages switch between forward and reverse mode. But at no time does it relate the valve events to the steam engine cycle.

Everybody who even thinks about contributing to this article (and everyone who reads the Talk page) knows that piston and sleeve valves have to be 90° out of phase with the main driving pistons and that the engine will run forwards or backwards depending on whether the valves are leading or lagging the drive. (Okay the valve gear always lags because if it leads the engine reverses direction.) But this is never explained. Consequently the purpose of the clever linkages remains a mystery to anyone who doesn't already know what they are for.

As an example it is explained that the Stephenson Motion has two eccentrics and you can see how the Stephenson link allows the Radial arm to select which eccentric to use. But it does not specify the phase angle between the eccentrics and the power crank nor does it show what actually happens inside the steam chest.OrewaTel (talk) 12:30, 13 June 2020 (UTC)

Non-Rotative valve gear
I've recently created a page on Cornish engine valve gear. I was planning to link to it from this page, however there seems to be a strong concentration on rotating engines and I'm not sure where best to slot it in. Any suggestions ? Kewnut (talk) 15:03, 1 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Valve gear


text:
File:Three Dog Night - It's a Jungle.jpg

Cover for album It's a Jungle by Three Dog Night.

Fair use rationale for

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Maungaturoto

Maungaturoto is a small town in the Northland Region of New Zealand.

The township is located close to the Otamatea River, an estuarial arm of the Kaipara Harbour 25 kilometres north of Wellsford and 45 kilometres south of Whangārei.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "mountain standing up in lagoons" for Maungatūroto.

Demographics
Statistics New Zealand describes Maungaturoto as a rural settlement, which covers 3.17 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2. Maungaturoto is part of the larger Maungaturoto statistical area.

Maungaturoto settlement had a population of 912 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 123 people (15.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 51 people (5.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 318 households, comprising 450 males and 468 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female, with 204 people (22.4%) aged under 15 years, 186 (20.4%) aged 15 to 29, 360 (39.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 171 (18.8%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 84.9% European/Pākehā, 24.7% Māori, 2.3% Pacific peoples, 2.6% Asian, and 0.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 41.8% had no religion, 43.1% were Christian, 3.6% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.3% were Muslim, 0.3% were Buddhist and 1.0% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 63 (8.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 171 (24.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 96 people (13.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 306 (43.2%) people were employed full-time, 108 (15.3%) were part-time, and 27 (3.8%) were unemployed.

Maungaturoto statistical area
Maungaturoto statistical area covers 21.60 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Maungaturoto had a population of 1,269 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 180 people (16.5%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 156 people (14.0%) since the 2006 census. There were 450 households, comprising 639 males and 630 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.01 males per female. The median age was 37.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 291 people (22.9%) aged under 15 years, 234 (18.4%) aged 15 to 29, 510 (40.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 231 (18.2%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 85.8% European/Pākehā, 23.4% Māori, 2.8% Pacific peoples, 2.4% Asian, and 0.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 12.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 43.0% had no religion, 42.1% were Christian, 2.8% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 0.2% were Buddhist and 1.2% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 87 (8.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 222 (22.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $24,100, compared with $31,800 nationally. 147 people (15.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 438 (44.8%) people were employed full-time, 147 (15.0%) were part-time, and 30 (3.1%) were unemployed.

Education
Otamatea High School is a secondary (years 7–13) school with a roll of students. The school held its 50th reunion in 2016. The District High School was established in Maungaturoto in 1939. Otamatea High School won the Goodman Fielder Composite School of the Year Award in 2000.

Maungaturoto School is a contributing primary (years 1–6) school with a roll of students. A school first opened in Maungaturoto in 1874.

Otamatea Christian School is a composite state-integrated (years 1–13) school with a roll of students.

All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of

Railway station

About 2 km south west of the town, Maungaturoto had a station on the North Auckland Line from 13 August 1915 to 12 June 1987. Passenger trains ended on 31 July 1967. Refreshment rooms opened in 1923, and had a hostel built for female refreshment room staff in 1940, but closed in November 1956. An engine shed was moved from Wellsford in 1920. Maungaturoto station also had a 30 ft x 20 ft goods shed, loading bank, cattle yards and a passing loop for 52 wagons. It was 89 mi from Auckland, 3.82 km south east of Huarau and 6 km north west of Bickerstaffe.

title: Maungaturoto


text:
It's a Jungle

It's a Jungle is an EP by American rock band Three Dog Night, released in 1983.

Personnel

 * Mike Allsup - guitar
 * Jimmy Greenspoon - keyboards
 * Richard Grossman - bass
 * Danny Hutton - vocals
 * Chuck Negron - vocals
 * Floyd Sneed - drums
 * Cory Wells - vocals

Session players

 * Bruce Gowdy - guitar
 * Tris Imboden - drums
 * Mark Leonard - bass
 * Jay Gruska - keyboards
 * Greg Hilfman - keyboards
 * Duane Hitchings - synthesizer

Production

 * Producer: Richard Podolor

Music videos
A music video was released accompanying the single off the album, "It's a Jungle Out There". Although the exact meaning is disputed, it shows an attractive woman in a "watering hole" being flirted with by the band's three lead vocalists and other bystanders. After the woman has had enough, she goes on dates with the singers and a bystander, then vanishes into thin air while on the date, tricking them into thinking she was actually in love with each, when in reality, it was only a plot to get rid of them. The video ends with a shot of her sitting alone in the "watering hole", having tricked and scared off every man who was interested in her.

The video was released on the Stet recording label and received "Light" and "Medium" screenplay.

Another video was recorded for "Shot in the Dark", directed by David Minasian. Although never commercially released, it was filmed on the set of the television program Fantasy Island, and on the streets of Beverly Hills, California.

Charts
The album failed to sell to its full potential due to its label, Passport, going bankrupt. However, it sold a certified 60,000 copies, which rose over time to an estimated total of 200,000 to 300,000 copies.

Album

Singles

title: It's a Jungle


text: Talk:It's a Jungle

title: Talk:It's a Jungle


text:
Talk:Valve gear/to do

 * Make the list of valve gears more complete
 * Nice to have an image of the Stephenson gear
 * Info about what gears are used on stationary steam engines, steam cars, etc.
 * Timeline of history
 * Review for organization

title: Talk:Valve gear/to do


text:
Talk:John Marshall Stone

Date of death
While this page says he died on March 26, the old table version of the List of Governors of Mississippi page (as seen here) says he died on March 2. I'm going to assume that the old table simply cut it off or something, but can anyone confirm the date? --[[User:Ricky81682|Ricky81682 (talk)]] 10:03, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

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Owning Mahowny

Owning Mahowny is a 2003 Canadian film starring Philip Seymour Hoffman, Minnie Driver, Maury Chaykin and John Hurt. The film is based on the true story of Brian Molony, a Toronto bank employee who embezzled more than $10 million to feed his gambling addiction. Owning Mahowny was named one of the ten best films of the year by critic Roger Ebert.

Plot
Between 1980 and 1982, Toronto bank employee Dan Mahowny is given access to bigger and bigger accounts with his promotion to assistant branch manager. His boss trusts him, but is unaware that Mahowny is a compulsive gambler. Mahowny is soon skimming larger and larger amounts for his own use and making weekly trips to Atlantic City, where he is treated like a king by the casino manager. Mahowny's girlfriend, fellow bank employee Belinda, cannot understand what is happening. Mahowny's criminal acts come to light when Toronto police begin to investigate his longtime bookie Frank.

Background
Owning Mahowny is based on a real-life incident: Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce clerk Brian Molony embezzled over $10 million from his employers in just 18 months to support his gambling habit. Molony's story was told in the best-selling 1987 book Stung by journalist Gary Ross, which formed the basis for the screenplay.

In an interview on the website of Stung publishers McClelland and Stewart, Ross says he has kept in touch with Molony and updated what happened to him after the events portrayed in the movie. Molony was sentenced to six years in prison after pleading guilty to fraud, eventually serving only two years of his sentence. He has not gambled since his arrest, has married his girlfriend, has three sons and works as a financial consultant.

Molony was a manager at the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, with access to significant resources. Upon the discovery of his gambling addiction and his crime, he was prosecuted in Canada by Crown Attorney Peter DeJulio. Molony was defended by Edward Greenspan. He received a sentence of six years imprisonment, as sought by the Crown.

The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce took court action to recover funds from casinos in Atlantic City that enabled Molony's gambling addiction. The case was settled for an undisclosed sum.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 79% based on reviews from 96 critics, with an average rating of 6.99/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 70% based on reviews from 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Roger Ebert named Owning Mahowny one of the top ten films of 2003, and assessed Hoffman's performance as "a masterpiece of discipline and precision", calling him a "fearless poet of implosion, [who] plays the role with a fierce integrity, never sending out signals for our sympathy because he knows that Mahowny is oblivious to our presence." However, some critics believed that in his self-effacing performance, Hoffman refused to conform to expectations of a typical movie character and that the movie suffered as a result. Stephanie Zacharek considered him to be a "character who squirms right out of our grasp", and despite being the movie's anchor, he's "such a vaporous one, he leaves us feeling adrift".

Asked whether Philip Seymour Hoffman's portrayal matched the real Brian Molony, journalist Gary Ross replied, "Remarkably so. They have the same stocky build, bushy moustache, glasses, slightly unkempt look, and earnestness. And Philip somehow managed to assimilate the psychic essence of Molony — a yawning emptiness that nothing except gambling was able to fill."

Owning Mahowny earned $1 million, significantly less than its $10 million budget.

Awards
Owning Mahowny received nominations for Best Motion Picture, Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Best Screenplay (Adapted) and Best Achievement in Music — Original Score (Richard Grassby-Lewis, Jon Hassell) at the 24th Genie Awards.

title: Owning Mahowny


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Category:Towns in Gunma Prefecture

Towns in Gunma Prefecture in the Kantō region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Gunma Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Gunma Prefecture


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File:Three Dog Night - Celebrate.jpg

Cover for album Celebrate: The Three Dog Night Story, 1965-1975 by Three Dog Night.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Three Dog Night - Celebrate.jpg


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Talk:Systems programming

A few changes
I changed a few things, I:
 * removed the pseudo-definition of programming, and replaced it by referring to the programming article;
 * removed the "for computers" part, because system software is always for computers so there's no ambiguity to resolve;
 * removed examples of systems software, because that's the job of the system software article and this article is strictly about _programming_ system software;
 * removed the comment about SIC, which was irrelevant;
 * removed the comment about logging and monitoring, because those things are in no way specific to systems programming;
 * added some characteristics;
 * presented the characteristics in list form, and changed the description of programming languages to more accurately reflect the actual criteria;
 * made some minor additional changes.

-- Eelis 23:05, 2005 May 21 (UTC)

Proposed merge with System software

 * I disagree with the removal of debugging and logging. While it is not specific to system programming, it has somehow different role in system programming from that in application programming. Moreover, I proposed the merger of system programming and system software. The two articles are still fairly short and and I thought it is a kind of awkward to talk about how to do system programming without elucidating what is system software. -- Taku 23:43, May 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * I would be in favor of a merger, but can't seem to find your proposal (I'm pretty new around here). Could you provide a link? Thanks. -- Eelis 23:53, 2005 May 21 (UTC)

 * Because I forgot to add the tag: . I should have not started working before morning coffee :) -- Taku 23:59, May 21, 2005 (UTC)

The merge seems like a poor idea to me. "System software" is something that a computer user or operator might need to know about. Systems programming is something that a programmer or someone interested in programming might want to know about. Yes, one needs to know what System software is before one reads about how to create it, but that doesn't mean the articles should be merged. "System software" is understandable to the casual passer-by; programming isn't. Both articles can be expected to grow with time. -R. S. Shaw 22:35, 29 May 2005 (UTC)

- I think that this article can have more applications. For example, i followed this link from the C reference library stdlib.h, searching for the system function, that allows to interact with the operating system shell options

system programmers and system administrators
I have been around computer systems for over 30 years and I see that most of the tasks today performed by system administrators, especially on unix and unix-like systems, were once performed by systems programmers. The only difference is that in the old days, with mainframes and DEC 36 and 32 bit machines, a system "admin" had to know some programming to do his (or her, but they were almost exclusively men) job. Does anyone else agree with this? --rogerd 22:29, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

I agree... I have added a section "Alternate Usage" to describe this. This is quite an important piece of information because the use of the term "systems programmer" to mean "system administrator" still appears in job postings, and that can cause confusion for job seekers. Tzadik 23:23, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Vague definition, citation needed
A problematic article, I think. There needs to be references to sources, and if there are multiple multiple definitions (which I'm sure there are) they need to be adressed. The article is not even consistent with itself: MacOs I/O Kit is the only example of a post-C language used for systems programming, but whoever wrote that part must have been thinking about kernel programming — C++, Java etc are widely used for things which aren't application programming. (And of course, splitting programming into "systems" and "application" leaves out huge parts of the programming that happens, from shell scripts to Excel macros and Perl one-liners.). JöG (talk) 22:13, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Alternative characterization
System programming logically can also mean programming a system of any kind, versus programming something that interacts (usually thru an API) with such a system. It's more of a virtual POV of what a "system" is. Whether you are dealing with a system might be whether other disparate programmers will rely upon what you are doing, and therefore you don't have the luxury of deciding if enough is enough optimization wise, because you do not know what the final application will be. Just one alternative take. --67.54.235.190 (talk) 07:05, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Systems programming


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Talk:Gourami

Non-free image
I removed the image because Image:Male female dwarf gourami.jpg, according to its copyright notice, is non-free and GFDL-incompatible. See discussion at Wikipedia:Possibly_unfree_images. —Tkinias 10:09, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Quatermass: Ok, I've made my image PD. Will you re-add it or will I?

 * Done. —Tkinias 23:12, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

There are three articles opaline gourami gold gourami and Trichogaster trichopterus that are colour variations of exactly the same fish?--βjweþþ (talk) 19:16, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Ok I sorted it out and put all the information in one article Trichogaster trichopterus and put all the colour variations as redirects.--βjweþþ (talk) 19:16, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Images
Moved images to gallery because they were rendering on top of text, making the page a complete mess. Tkinias 12:41, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Redlinks message
Hi, I added the redlink message up the top, because of all the red liks in the 'Species' section, and I think that the majority of them will not be created in the near future. Thankyou, Jam01 08:00, 6 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The message you added states "Please remove red links which are not suitable topics for articles". All of the species listed are suitable for articles, but they aren't created yet.  The species list as it stands is appropriate in this article, each species is wikilinked for convenience to encourage the creation of the species articles.  Please refer to item #2 under "Dealing with existing red links" in the Red link article for guidance.  I've reverted your banner addition, but thanks for keeping an eye on things. Neil916 15:10, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Luciocephalinae
The subfamilies here are inconsistent with http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Osphronemidae

I found the following which seems to clear up the confusion - and I'm replacing Trichogastrinae with Luciocephalinae.

The Family Luciopercidae has been merged with the subfamily Belontidae: Trichogastrinae to form the subfamily Osphronemidae: Luciocephalinae (Britz et al., 1995: Ref. 37504; Britz, 2001: CAS_Ref_No 25717).

--Ashcraft 00:46, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Time to revise the taxonomy?
Some genera and species in this article are listed differently from fishbase. For example, Colisa should have at least three species, not just one. Maybe this article used sources other than fishbase? Or maybe the taxonomy has been revised recently? Can someone give an advice on this? Otherwise I will just change it to current list according to fishbase --Melanochromis 06:04, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

plurals
How is "cherries" a redundant plural? (in introduction) And if "gouramies" is a redundant plural, should this article not use "gourami" throughout as the preferred plural form? Mooncow (talk) 01:19, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

Mooncow - I had the exact same question you did and was about to post until I saw your question Lion for truth (talk) 18:49, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

Maritime Southeast Asian countries
since this is a freshwater fish, why is its use as food limited to maritime countries? --142.163.194.161 (talk) 18:55, 19 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gourami