text:
Talk:Chud

Previous move
Changed the spelling and moved the article to Chudes. I wonder whether the information is NPOV.--Wiglaf 14:25, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Requested move
This move has been also discussed at Articles for deletion/Chud (disambiguation). In particular, has proposed:

Normal form for (non-mythical) people appears to be singular: Inuit, Aborigine. Thus move Chudes to Chud put at the top of it and C.H.U.D., leave CHUD pointing as it is now, and still delete this disambig.

I think that this is the best possible solution to resolve the possible conflicts between chud, chudes, C.H.U.D., and CHUD, with the additional advantage of removing the redundant and useless page Chud (disambiguation). Paolo Liberatore (Talk) 17:05, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Support, as the proponent. Paolo Liberatore (Talk) 17:07, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I have added a note at Talk:C.H.U.D.. Physchim62 (talk) 13:32, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
 * This move affects that page: thank you for leaving a note there (I should have done it myself). Paolo Liberatore (Talk) 16:54, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Move request fulfilled. Rob Church Talk 19:13, 19 November 2005 (UTC)

No references!
This article should provide some references.

got some, going to work further with it.--Termer 04:58, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

"History of Estonia" -box
Is that box really necessary on the page and specially on the top of the page? Chud is a general term for different Finnic groups and therefore part of the history of many different tribes, nations etc. In this light that infobox seems little exaggerated. What do you think? --Velivieras (talk) 18:40, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
 * This issue didn`t stirr up much debate. I considered to be best to remove the box because of arguments mentioned above.--Velivieras (talk) 13:01, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

The Volok people?
I removed the following unsourced sentence: "Later sources used chud to describe other Finnic peoples called volok, which is thought to refer to the Karelians." "Volok" is Russian for "portage" and as far as I know it wasn't used as an ethnonym. I guess, that sentence is supposed to be about "Chud' Zavolochskaya", which means "Chudes of the land across the portages" (see Заволочье and Чудь заволочская), but for now the sentence is wrong. Q-Wert-273 (talk) 15:38, 28 November 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:38, 27 January 2023 (UTC)
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title: Talk:Chud


text:
George Hamilton

George Hamilton may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * George Hamilton IV (1937–2014), American country music performer
 * George Hamilton (actor) (born 1939), American actor
 * George Hamilton (musician) (1901–1957), father of the actor George Hamilton
 * George Hamilton (Resident Evil), fictional character in the video games Resident Outbreak File #1 and File #2
 * George Heard Hamilton (1910–2004), professor of art history at Yale University
 * George Rostrevor Hamilton (1888–1967), English poet and critic

Military

 * Sir George Hamilton, Comte d'Hamilton (died 1676), Irish soldier in French service
 * George Hamilton (soldier) (aft. 1658 – aft. 1728), Scottish soldier, member of parliament for Anstruther Burghs, and Jacobite
 * George FitzGeorge Hamilton (1898–1918), British Army officer

U.K. and Ireland

 * Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Donalong (c. 1607–1679), Irish baronet
 * George Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Abercorn (c. 1636 – bef. 1683), Scottish nobleman
 * George Hamilton, 4th Baron Hamilton of Strabane (1636/7 – 1668), Irish peer
 * George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney (1666–1737)
 * George Hamilton (MP for Wells) (c. 1697–1775), member of parliament for Wells and for St Johnstown, Donegal
 * George Hamilton (Irish judge) (1732–1793), Irish politician, barrister and judge
 * George Hamilton (1732–1796), MP for Augher
 * George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (1784–1860), prime minister of the United Kingdom in 1852–1855
 * George Alexander Hamilton (1802–1871), British politician and civil servant
 * George Baillie-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Haddington (1802–1870), British politician
 * Lord George Hamilton (1845–1927), British politician
 * Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Ilford (1877–1947), British politician
 * George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk (1906–1994), Scottish nobleman and politician

Other political figures

 * George Hamilton (city founder) (1788–1836), Canadian politician and founder of Hamilton, Ontario
 * George Wellesley Hamilton (1846–1915), Canadian politician
 * George William Hamilton (1786–1857), planter and politician in Jamaica

Sports

 * George Hamilton (footballer) (1917–2001), Scottish footballer
 * George Hamilton (broadcaster) (born 1951), association football commentator with RTÉ
 * Eppie Hamilton (George Hamilton, born 1900), American baseball player

Religion

 * George Hamilton (1699 moderator) (1635–1712), moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
 * George Hamilton (1805 moderator) (1757–1832), Church of Scotland minister and moderator of the General Assembly
 * George Hamilton (canon) (1718–1787), canon of Windsor
 * George Hamilton (archdeacon) (1823–1905), archdeacon of Lindisfarne and of Northumberland

Other

 * George Hamilton (lumber baron) (1781–1839), lumber baron in the Ottawa Valley
 * George Ernest Hamilton (1800–1872), English civil engineer in South Australia
 * George Hamilton (Australian police officer) (1812–1883), senior South Australian police commissioner
 * George Douglas Hamilton (1835–1911), New Zealand run holder and station manager
 * George Henry Hamilton (1875–1948), president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
 * George Hamilton (Northern Ireland police officer) (born 1967), chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland from 2014
 * Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea (died between 1631 and 1657), undertaker in the Plantation of Ulster

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: George Hamilton


text:
Talk:George Hamilton

Untitled
I removed George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle, as his name seems to be George Howard and not George Hamilton. sjorford 23:07, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:George Hamilton


text: Talk:Nile crocodile

title: Talk:Nile crocodile


text:
Unstrut

The Unstrut is a river in Germany and a left tributary of the Saale.

The Unstrut originates in northern Thuringia near Dingelstädt (west of Kefferhausen in the Eichsfeld area) and its catchment area is the whole of the Thuringian Basin. It breaks out of the basin through the Thuringian Gate west of Heldrungen and, in its lower reaches, flows through Saxony-Anhalt before emptying into the Saale near Naumburg. The total length of the Unstrut is 192 km. Towns along the Unstrut include Mühlhausen, Sömmerda, Bad Frankenhausen, Artern, Roßleben, and Freyburg. The main tributaries of the Unstrut are the Gera, Wipper, Helme, and Lossa.

The countryside around the Saale and Unstrut rivers forms the wine-growing region of Saale-Unstrut. The well-known brand of sparkling wine, Rotkäppchen ("Little Red Riding Hood") is produced in the cellars of Freyburg.

Name
Old High German Strödu means 'boggy thicket' and un- is a prefix to intensify the meaning, and so the Unstrut region was a very swampy area. In 575, the river was attested as the Onestrudis, in the 7th century it was referred to as the Unestrude, and in 994 as the Vnstruod.

History
In 531, according to the Decem Libri of Gregory of Tours, the decisive Battle of the Unstrut River between the Franconians and Thuringians took place along the Unstrut, which resulted in the destruction and annexation of the early medieval Thuringian kingdom by the Frankish empire. In 933 the German king Henry I fought, after a ten-year truce, against a Hungarian army in the Battle of Riade, a place near the Unstrut, but which is now unknown. His victory led to a period of peace, until the Hungarians returned in 955 and were defeated again. One of his favourite places was Memleben on the Unstrut, where a royal residence, a so-called Pfalz, palatium or villa regia, was built. He died there in 936, as did his son, Otto I, in 973. A monastery was built there in the next years, becoming one of the most important in the German realm for a short time. Its ruins may still be seen; the exact location of the palatium is not known any more.

Due to its marshy character, the Unstrut was not navigable for ships for a long time. Finally, in the years 1790–94, the river was made navigable on the orders of the Elector of Saxony. It became an important shipping lane for a century; in particular, sandstone and limestone were shipped. From 1889, when the Unstrut Railway (Unstrutbahn), was built alongside the river, the significance of the waterway as a transport route was much reduced. Although the Unstrut wine-growing region, with an area of 300 ha, is one of the smallest, it is quite well known.

Sights

 * Historic town of Mühlhausen
 * Ruined castle of Wendelstein
 * Ruined abbey of Memleben
 * Neuenburg Castle at Freyburg

title: Unstrut


text:
Steve McClure

Steve McClure (born 25 July 1970) is a British rock climber and climbing author, who is widely regarded as Britain's leading and most important sport climber for a period that extends for over two decades, starting from the late 1990s. In 2017, he created Rainman, Britain's first-ever sport route, and by that stage was responsible for developing the majority of routes graded  and above in Britain. Although mainly known for sport climbing, McClure has also been one of the most successful British traditional climbers, and British onsight climbers (in both sport climbing and traditional climbing formats).

Climbing career
McClure started climbing early as both parents were keen climbers, and by age 16 was onsighting E6. McClure did not take up British sport climbing until he was 24, and said that it took him time to adapt saying, "[in sport] it's possible to commit 100%, rather than considering the risk and the danger [in traditional]". He went from onsighting E6 to onsighting ; within one year was doing redpoints in a day; within 2 years he was doing ; within 4 years, at age 28, he was doing. As a late-comer to sport climbing, McClure had mixed form in competitions, retiring in 2004.

For the next two decades, McClure dominated British sport climbing, repeating the hardest routes of his predecessors such as Ben Moon's Hubble (8c+/9a), and Jerry Moffatt's Evolution (8c+), and developing Britain's first 9a routes. In 1998, he created Mutation, at the time Britain's second ; but on its first repeat 23 years later was regraded to, Britain's first 9a+. In 2000, he freed Britain's third, Ben Moon's Northern Lights. In 2007, McClure created Britain's second route, Overshadow. In June 2017, aged 46, McClure completed long term project Rainman, Britain's first-ever, with PlanetMountain saying: "Steve McClure is the climber who almost single-handedly has dictated the pace of cutting-edge sport climbing in the UK. Practically all the hardest climbs in the country are his, starting in 1998 with his 9a Mutation at Ravens Tor".

While McClure is best known for sport climbing, he is one of the few who have repeated the hardest traditional climbing routes in Britain, including Dave MacLeod's Rhapsody (E11 7a, 5.14c R/X) in 2008, and Neil Gresham's Lexicon (E11 7a, 5.14a R) in 2021. He has also freed projects such as GreatNess Wall (E10 7a), in 2019. On traditional climbing risk, he had said: "Routes like Harder Faster, Indian Face, The Bells The Bells and Meshuga just fill me with dread, and I have absolutely no drive to do them at all.", and, " I like the technical challenge of placing gear, but I'm not interested in death routes".

McClure is also known for onsighting routes, and in 2002, became the first British climber to onsight an with Indian Summer at Kilnsey (he has since onsighted more routes at 8b+, such as Tom et je Ris, in Verdon in 2013). In 2009, he was unlucky not to become the first British climber to onsight an failing at the final move of Amistad in Rodellar, Spain. In 2019, McClure made the first onsight of Nightmayer (E8 6c), one of the hardest onsights of a traditional climb in Britain, and in 2021, he flashed Impact Day (E8 6c). McClure's first British onsight of Ron Fawcett's Strawberries (E7 6b) in 2014, was also notable.

In 2013, McClure became the first-ever British nominee for a Salewa Rock Award at the 2013 Arco Rock Legends, and a citation calling him: "a true legend of this sport and his nomination rewards a lifetime of cutting-edge climbing"; the four nominees were Steve McClure, Chris Sharma, Alex Megos, and Adam Ondra (who won).

Sport climbing routes

 * 1996: Evolution, Raven Tor. Fourth ascent of Jerry Moffatt's 1995 test piece, which is still a coveted route.

 * 1998: Mutation, Raven Tor. First ascent. The second-ever 9a route in Britain. Only repeated 23-years later by Will Bosi, despite attempts by Alex Megos and Chris Sharma, who suggested a grade of "at least" , which would make it the world's second-ever 9a+.

 * 2000: Northern Lights, Kilnsey. First ascent. The 3rd 9a in Britain, and repeated by Adam Ondra (2010), and Alex Megos (2016).

 * 2002: Indian Summer, Kilnsey. First British onsight of an 8b+ sport climb.

 * 2003: Rainshadow, Malham Cove. First ascent. Has become one of the most well-regarded and coveted 9a routes in Britain.

 * 2007: Overshadow, Malham Cove. First ascent. The second 9a+ in Britain; in 2011, Adam Ondra repeated it as a "hard 9a+".

 * 2008: North Star, Kilnsey. First ascent (an extension of Northern Exposure), and repeated by Adam Ondra in 2010 who confirmed grade.

 * 2009: Stevolution, Raven Tor. First ascent.

 * 2009: Hubble, Raven Tor. Circa fifth ascent of Ben Moon's 1990 watershed route in British sport climbing; now considered closer to 9a.

 * 2013: Batman, Malham Cove. First ascent, links up with Bat Route.

 * 2017: Rainman, Malham Cove. First ascent; links Raindogs to Rainshadow , to finish directly. Rainman is now considered to be the first-ever 9b route in Britain.

Traditional climbing routes

 * 2004: Elder Statesman (HXS 7a, 5.14), Curbar Edge, Peak District. First ascent; McClure used three ropes for protection due the danger of cutting a rope on the sharp arete in a fall; featured in the films Hard Grit and The Elder Statesman.

 * 2008: Rhapsody (E11 7a, 5.14c R/X), Dumbarton Rock. First repeat of Dave MacLeod's 2006 route; one of the world's hardest traditional routes.

 * 2011: The Quarryman (E8 7a), Twll Mawr, Dinorwic quarry, Llanberis. First one-day ascent of all 4-pitches of Johnny Dawes's 1986 slate test-piece.

 * 2014: Strawberries (E7 6b), Tremadog. North Wales. First British onsight of the classic Ron Fawcett route.

 * 2015: Choronzon (E10 7a), East Range, Pembrokeshire. 2nd ascent after Neil Mawson's FFA in 2014.

 * 2015: Muy Caliente! (E9/10 6c), Stennis Ford, Pembrokeshire. 6th ascent after Tim Emmett's FFA in 2010.

 * 2019: Nightmayer (E8 6c). Dinas Cromlech. First onsight and 4th ascent of Steve Mayer's 1990s route.

 * 2019: GreatNess Wall (E10 7a), Nesscliffe. First ascent of a project that had been tried unsuccessfully by several parties.

 * 2021: Impact Day (E8 6c). Pavey Ark, Lake District. First onsight flash and 2nd ascent of Dave Birkett's 1999 FFA.

 * 2021: Lexicon (E11 7a, 5.14a R), Pavey Ark, Lake District. 2nd ascent a few weeks after Neil Gresham's FFA; McClure took a 70-foot fall.

Filmography

 * Documentary on McClure:
 * Documentary on freeing Overshadow:

title: Steve McClure


text:
Amicus Bank

Amicus Bank was a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) which provided non-traditional banking to customers.

Canadian operations
Within Canada, Amicus Bank was primarily responsible for operating President's Choice Financial's retail banking operations, excluding credit cards. Amicus Bank briefly provided services under its own name through Bell Sympatico's portal. It also took on the operation of non-branch automated banking machines (primarily stand-alone ABMs at services stations, convenience stores) which were co-branded for Amicus Bank and CIBC.

The bank asked for and received approval from the Minister of Finance for voluntary dissolution in 2002. Services operated by Amicus Bank were subsequently provided by the direct banking division of CIBC. President's Choice Financial banking services were then rebranded Simplii Financial after CIBC dissolved its partnership with Loblaw Companies in 2017.

Amicus Bank had 1100 employees in Canada and the US. XtraCash ATM Incorporated (founded 1998) was acquired under Amicus FSB in 2001.

US operations
Amicus had an American unit, Amicus FSB (Amicus Federal Savings Bank), which was formed in 2000 and has since ceased operations due to cancellation of joint ventures south of the border. Amicus FSB partnered with Safeway grocery stores in western US states (California, Colorado) and Florida, doing business as Safeway SELECT Bank with 161 locations, and partnered with Winn-Dixie in Florida, doing business as Marketplace Bank (CIBC National) with 185 locations. Amicus set up banking kiosks where customers could make deposits, apply for loans, and withdraw money. The US unit ceased operation at the end of November 2002 with customers with certificate of deposit transferred over to E-Trade Bank. Amicus FSB filed with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for voluntary liquidation and closing with operations ceasing on September 29, 2003.

Key people

 * Brian Cassidy, CEO of Amicus Bank; now retired
 * Gary Gray, President of Amicus FSB - Western Division - later became Executive VP of Retail Banking with Umpqua Bank

title: Amicus Bank


text:
River Slaney

The River Slaney is a large river in the southeast of Ireland. It rises on Lugnaquilla Mountain in the western Wicklow Mountains and flows west and then south through counties Wicklow, Carlow and Wexford for 117.5 km (73 mi), before entering St George's Channel in the Irish Sea at Wexford town. The estuary of the Slaney is wide and shallow and is known as Wexford Harbour. The catchment area of the River Slaney is 1,762 km2. The long-term average flow rate of the River Slaney is 37.4m3/s

Towns that the Slaney runs through include Stratford-on-Slaney, Baltinglass, Tullow, Bunclody, Enniscorthy and Wexford. The river is crossed by 32 road bridges and one railway bridge.

Wildlife
Varied and plentiful wildlife can be found in the environs of the river. In Wicklow, herds of deer can be seen, as well as swans, dippers, mallards, herons and kingfishers. At dusk, bats, owls and otters may be seen, while the mudflats of the estuary are favoured by black-headed gulls, redshanks and oystercatchers. The goosander can be seen on the Slaney at Kildavin. In season, salmon and trout and pike are fished.

History
Ptolemy's Geography (2nd century AD) described a river called Μοδοννος (Modonnos, "mudflats") which may have referred to the River Slaney, though scholarly opinion remains divided on the issue.

There is a reference to the Slaney in the Irish ballad Boolavogue, commemorating the Battle of Vinegar Hill in the Irish Rebellion of 1798.

"Slaney Valley" was a 1972 Irish number one for Larry Cunningham.

Tributaries
Tributaries of the Slaney include the River Derreen, the River Derry, the River Clody, the River Bann, the River Urrin, the River Boro, and the River Sow.

title: River Slaney


text:
Treaty of Bucharest (1812)

The Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on 28 May 1812, in Manuc's Inn in Bucharest, and ratified on 5 July 1812, at the end of the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812. The Ottomans had done poorly in the war. The Sublime Porte above all wanted to stay out of the impending conflict between Napoleon's France and Russia. The Russians did not want a war on two fronts, thus they made peace in order to be free for the upcoming war with France. The Ottomans had extricated themselves from a potentially disastrous war with a slight loss of territory. This treaty became the basis for future Russo-Ottoman relations.

Russo-Turkish war of 1806
The war was fought between the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire beginning in 1806. It happened at the same time as the Napoleonic Wars had been pushing across Europe. Sultan Selim III of the Ottoman empire was encouraged by the French Empire to remove multiple lords from their land in Wallachia and Moldavia. This was due to their Pro-Russian positions held in the Ottoman vassal states. During this, the French also moved into the Balkan Peninsula raising tensions with Russia. To protect their borders from potential French invasion Russia moved thousands of soldiers into Moldavia and Wallachia, which then caused the Sultan to declare war on Russia.

Initially a large Ottoman offensive was sent to Bucharest, Wallachia which was occupied by Russians, but failed. In Armenia a few thousand Russian troops won against 20,000 of Turkish forces, and then Russia had a major naval victory defeating the Ottoman fleet. This naval victory, along with the other early victories led to Selim III being deposed. Russians then destroyed the Ottoman fleet for good to establish naval supremacy. In 1811, Grand Vizier Ahmed Pasha gathered 60,000 Turkish soldiers in Ottoman controlled Bulgaria. After a few months they attacked the Russians but were held off long enough for Russians to retreating across the Danube River. The Turkish chased after them but had been led into an ambush and were promptly surrounded. Shortly after these battles Russia decided it was time to make peace.

Negotiations
The negotiations took place in Bucharest and started on 11 January 1812. The Ottoman negotiators were Mehmed Said Galib Efendi, Reis Efendi, Muftuzade Ibrahim Selim Efendi, and Abdulhamid Efendi. The Russian plenipotentiaries were Andre Italinsky, Lieutenant-General Jean Sabaniev, Joseph Fontone and Antoine Fonton. Initially, Russia refused to modify the peace terms to give the Ottomans any benefit. They had wanted to gain more land in the Balkans and Caucasus than the Ottomans were willing to give and wanted control of many Turkish ports and fortresses along the Black Sea and Danube River. This is when British plenipotentiary, Stratford Canning came to Constantinople to help move the process along. Canning recommended to Russia to be more moderate in their demands of European and Asiatic territories, because if the Ottomans were pushed too far, they may turn to France for an ally. The French, however, were attempting to prevent the settlement from being reached. In early May, the Russians modified their end of the demands on the advice of Canning, to make progress on the treaty. Eventually the treaty was signed by both parties in Manuc’s Inn, Bucharest on 28 May 1812 and ratified on 5 July 1812.

Terms
Under its terms, the Budjak and the eastern half of the Principality of Moldavia, between Prut and Dniester Rivers, with an area of 45630 km2 (Bessarabia), was ceded by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a vassal) to Russia. Also, Russia obtained trading rights on the Danube.

In Transcaucasia, the Ottomans renounced their claims to most of western Georgia by accepting the Russian annexation of the Kingdom of Imereti, in 1810. In return they retained control of Akhalkalaki, Poti, and Anapa previously captured by the Russo-Georgian troops in the course of the war

Furthermore a truce was signed (Article 8 of the Treaty) with the rebelling Serbs and autonomy given to Serbia.

The Treaty of Bucharest, signed by the Russian commander Mikhail Kutuzov, was ratified by Alexander I of Russia 13 days before Napoleon's invasion of Russia.

Legacy
On 17 April 2011, Action 2012, a coalition of organizations supporting unification between Moldova and Romania, was founded. The coalition is named after the year 2012, which marked the 200th anniversary of the Treaty of Bucharest.

title: Treaty of Bucharest (1812)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Rubik's Cube/archive1

Rubik's Cube
It's a well written and full article and includes decent pictures.
 * posted by an anon, 09:37, Dec 17, 2004 --Spangineer ∞ 15:10, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * Good article, but I still object. I think the description of the game should be moved to the lead, since it's short.  Perhaps the patent information could be shortened or moved to another part to keep the lead moderately sized. Also, I'd prefer to see a picture of a new Rubik's cube at the top of the page, not one where the stickers are falling off. A picture of an opened Rubik's cube that displays the inner workings would be helpful for the Workings section. In the sections about solutions, why not explain some of the more common methods - solving the cube by layer versus by face (which way do experts do it?) or whatever.  More info on the competitions would be great - what the official rules are, how they work. And finally, I'm not sure about the group theory section - it's interesting, but not particularly accessible to someone who is just doing research on the game.  I don't think it's a good idea to have such a drastic shift in tone from the easy to read beginning to a mathematical section to an easy to read end.  Could that section be summarized and/or moved to another article? --Spangineer ∞ 15:26, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, Rubik's Cube, how you vexed me in my youth. Well, maybe the article could still use a little work, but I'm easily impressed by big numbers and formulas, so support. Everyking 08:40, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Note that I worked on this article in the past (am I eligible to vote then?) Sander123 10:20, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I've been cubing for about 3 monthes and can get it in about a minue, cubing is so horribly addictive, its like happy cocaine which is why I love this article and am in a state of full support
 * Support. -- ALoan (Talk) 14:07, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Wouldn't mind a few more pics though. Such as a tournament in progress, or the suggested "inner workings" diagram.--ZayZayEM 01:32, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The lead section needs expanding. My suggestion is to give a brief one/two line summary of each different section in the lead section to flesh it out. It needs to have a "gee, isn't that interesting?" reader factor. Right now it doesn't! Once that's fixed, I'll most definitely support! - Ta bu shi da yu 01:47, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support if someone manages to get better images. like from this site . Those diagrams are horrible.--Alexandre Van de Sande 15:36, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 'Object. Bad lead section and the external links are improperly formatted. Neutralitytalk 21:53, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. Lead section needs to be expanded a bit. Should be a summary of the article and discuss its importance. Just listing sales numbers (unatributed) is not enough.  Better pictures/diagrams would be great too. - Taxman 03:30, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. (1) I don't like the first two images. The drawn image looks like the perspective is wrong and the mention of a "diagonal tilt" is puzzling. The second image is of a rather worn cube on a distracting background. Surely someone has a mint-condition cube and can take a picture on a white background like ? (2) The article says "Ern? Rubik holds Hungarian patent #170062 for the mechanism". It should say when the patent was granted and when it expired. (3) The "workings" section needs a picture or diagram to illustrate the mechanism. (4) The "mathematical group" section suddenly goes into the first person plural. That's not Wikipedia style. (5) There's nothing about the history of the popularity of the cube, in particular the craze in the early 1980s. (6) The material on variants like the 2x2, 4x4, 5x5, 2x3, pyraminx etc should be broken out to a new section. (7) The section "A greater challenge" is rather confusing. Copyediting needed here. (8) The "Solutions" section should mention the number of orientations when face center orientations are considered significant. Gdr 13:28, 2004 Dec 29 (UTC)


text:
User:Lancew

Hi,

This is my little bit of Wikipedia space, thanks for dropping by.

My name in the scary real world is Lance Wicks. My obsession and passion is Judo.

My main website is www.lancewicks.com and my email is lw {at} judocoach {dot} com

See y'all later!

Lance

--Lancew 14:37, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

My Sites www.judocoach.com www.lancewicks.com www.thejudopodcast.eu www.judo4parents.com www.planetjudo.com www.JudoAdvisor.com www.vwjl.net www.rwjl.net www.teamnzjudo.com www.fairoak.org www.JudoCon.org University of Bath Judo Debates www.JudoMetrics.com www.enVirtua.com

title: User:Lancew


text:
Egg case (Chondrichthyes)

An egg case or egg capsule, often colloquially called a mermaid's purse, is the casing that surrounds the eggs of oviparous chondrichthyans. Living chondricthyans that produce egg cases include some sharks, skates and chimaeras. Egg cases typically contain one embryo, except for big skate and mottled skate egg cases, which contain up to 7 embryos. Oviparity is completely absent in the superorder Squalomorphii. Egg cases are also thought to have been produced by some extinct chondricthyan groups, such as hybodonts and xenacanths.

Description
Egg cases are made of collagen protein strands, and are often described as feeling rough and leathery. Some egg cases have a fibrous material covering the outside of the egg case, thought to aid in attachment to substrate. Egg cases without a fibrous outer layer can be striated, bumpy, or smooth and glossy. With the exception of bullhead shark eggs, egg cases are typically rectangular in shape with projections, called horns, at each corner. Depending on the species, egg cases may have one or more tendrils.

Development
Shortly after internal fertilization, the fertilized ovum enters the partially formed egg case located in the oviduct. After the ovum enters, the rest of the egg case forms around it. Shortly after the egg case finishes developing, it is deposited outside the body; common locations include kelp forests and rocky seafloors. Egg cases are typically produced in pairs, each with one fertilized embryo inside, with the exception of a few species that produce egg cases with more than one viable embryo.

Gestation can take anywhere from a few months to over a year. After a period of development, typically a week or two, small slits open on each side of the egg case to aid water flow. The embryo fans its tail constantly to promote exchange with surrounding water.

Sharks
Oviparity in sharks can be categorized as single or retained. With single oviparity, the egg cases are extruded soon after fertilization. With retained oviparity, eggs are kept within the oviduct for a period of time before depositing outside of the body as an unhatched egg case. It is thought that viviparity is the ancestral condition for sharks, and that it evolved through the elongation of retention time of retained oviparity.

Oviparous sharks are known to regularly produce unfertilized eggs when kept in captivity without males.

Bullhead sharks
Bullhead shark egg cases are shaped like an auger, with two spiral flanges. This allows the egg cases to become wedged in the crevices of rocky sea floors, where the eggs are protected from predators; however, some bullhead sharks deposit their eggs on sponges or seaweed. Hatchlings are considered large for sharks, reaching over 14 cm in length by the time they leave the egg case. Bullhead shark eggs typically hatch after 7 to 12 months, depending on the species. The female Japanese bullhead shark has been known to deposit their eggs in one location along with other females, called a "nest". The egg case of the Mexican hornshark features a tendril and more rigid flanges, suggesting that egg case design of this species is evolving towards anchoring with tendrils and away from wedging into crevices. As a member of the order Heterodontiformes, the whitespotted bullhead sharks is thought to be oviparous, but egg cases have never been observed.

Carpet sharks
The bamboo sharks (Hemiscylliidae) and the zebra shark (Stegostomatidae) lay eggs on the bottom, while the other carpet sharks give live birth. The egg cases are oval and covered with adhesive fibers that serve to secure them to the bottom.

Ground sharks
Some catsharks (Scyliorhinidae) and the finback catsharks in the genus Proscyllium are the only members of their order that lay eggs. The egg cases of catsharks are purse-shaped with long tendrils at the corners that serve to anchor them to structures on the sea floor.

The size of egg cases vary; those of the small-spotted catshark or lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, are around 5 cm long, while those of the greater spotted dogfish, S. stellaris, are around 10 cm. That excludes the four long tendrils found in each corner, which assist in anchorage. Egg cases from rays vary in that they have points rather than tendrils. The colours and shapes of egg cases also vary greatly from species to species.

Skates
The skates (Rajidae, Arhynchobatidae, Anacanthobatidae) are the only rays that are oviparous. Females lay egg cases onto the sea floor after fertilization occurs in utero. While in utero, a protected case forms around the embryo which is called the egg case. Studies have been done where egg cases were removed from gravid females to ensure proper identification in regard to skate species. Egg cases have distinguishable characteristic traits that are unique to that species, thus making it a great tool for identifying a skate. The two most distinguishable features on the egg case are the keel and the absence or presence of a fibrous covering. A keel runs laterally along both sides of the outer edge of the egg case; it is a flexible structure. Keels will also run the length of the horns on some skate species. Some egg cases have broad keels (greater than 10% of the maximum egg case width) while others have narrow keels (less than 10% of the maximum egg case width). Many egg cases are covered with a layer of fiber; some will have a fine layer while others have a thick layer.

Big skate
Big skate egg cases are larger than most other skate egg cases; typically ranging from 210 to 280 mm in length and 110 to 180 mm in width. Big skates egg cases are approximately 15% of the overall length of the female skate. The egg case is very smooth and lacks external fibrous material. This egg case can be easily identified from all others in that it is the only one to have a steep ridge; giving the case a convex shape. The keel on the egg case is considered very broad; representing 30–33% of the width of the egg case.

Big skates are one of only two skates known to have multiple embryos inside an egg case; up to 7 embryos have been found inside a single case. But most big skate egg cases contain 3–4 embryos.

Longnose skate
The longnose skate, Raja rhina, is considered a larger skate species; reaching a maximum size range of 145 cm total length. Although their egg cases are smaller than that of the big skate, their cases are also considered large; ranging 93–102 mm in length. Egg cases contain a single embryo. Longnose skate egg cases found in the field are brown in color. The external side is covered with a fibrous material, which is thicker on the top side and thinner on the bottom side of the case. The case is smooth underneath the fibrous material.

Chimaeras
All known chimaeras produce egg cases. The egg cases of chimaeras are spindle- or bottle-shaped with fins on the sides. They are laid on the bottom of the sea floor. Chimaeras (subclass Holocephali), some sharks, and skates are among the 43% of known Chondrichthian species to exhibit oviparity. However, there are some key morphological differences that are specific to chimaeras. The holocephalan egg capsule, or egg case, has a bulbous center flanked laterally by flattened collagen tissue. The flattened collagen tissue joins on the anterior end of the egg capsule to form a tail. Sharp projections located on the anterior and posterior end of the egg case serve to better secure the egg case in between rocks, as well as protection against potential predators.

Extinct chondrichthyans
The egg case genera Palaeoxyris and Fayolia, which are thought to have been produced by hybodonts and xenacanths respectively, two groups of extinct shark-like cartilaginous fish more closely related to modern sharks and rays than to chimaeras, resemble those of bulldog sharks in having a spiral collarettes running around them. Both Palaeoxyris and Fayolia taper towards their ends (with the tapering being more pronounced in Palaeoxyris), with one end having a tendril. Unlike modern sharks, these eggs are typically found in freshwater environments.

Threats
Predation on egg cases is thought to be a major source of mortality for developing oviparous sharks, skates and chimaeras. In general, predation is the leading cause of mortality for marine fish eggs, due to their abundance and high nutritional value. Parental care ends when the egg case is released from the body, so the embryo relies on its tough, leathery exterior as its only source of protection. Some gastropods are known to feed on egg cases by boring into the exterior. Sharks are also common predators of egg cases.

title: Egg case (Chondrichthyes)


text:
Hullabaloo (TV series)

Hullabaloo was an American musical variety series that ran on NBC from January 12, 1965, through April 11, 1966 (with repeats to August 1966). Similar to ABC's Shindig! and in contrast to American Bandstand, it aired in prime time.

Overview
Directed by Steve Binder, who went on to direct Elvis Presley's 1968 "comeback" special, Hullabaloo served as a big-budget, quality showcase for the leading pop acts of the day, and was also competition for another like-minded television showcase, ABC's Shindig! A different host presided each week —among these were Sammy Davis, Jr., Jerry Lewis, Gary Lewis, Petula Clark, Paul Anka, Liza Minnelli, Jack Jones, David McCallum and Frankie Avalon—singing a couple of his or her own hits and introducing the different acts. Chart-topping acts who performed on the show included Simon and Garfunkel, the Mamas & the Papas, Dionne Warwick, Gary Lewis and the Playboys, the Lovin' Spoonful, the Rolling Stones, the Yardbirds, Sonny & Cher, the Supremes, Herman's Hermits, Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons, the Animals, Roy Orbison and Marianne Faithfull. The first 13 episodes of Hullabaloo included black and white segments taped in London and hosted by the Beatles' manager Brian Epstein where he introduced up and coming UK music acts to the American audience. Sid Bernstein was the booking agent for Hullabaloo. Peter Matz, later of The Carol Burnett Show, was the orchestra leader. Peppiatt and Aylesworth were the writers.

Some of the programs in the series were videotaped at NBC Studios in Burbank, California. Most were taped in New York City, either at NBC's Studio 8H in the RCA Building (which was built for Arturo Toscanini and the NBC Symphony Orchestra, and would later house Saturday Night Live), or at NBC's color studio in the Midwood section of Brooklyn (where The Cosby Show would be filmed many years later).

Color episodes
Much of the series' color videotaped footage was later transferred over to kinescope on film – as such copied in black and white. In 1973, after the shows production company declined to own the original color masters, the episodes were wiped and only three half-hour episodes are known to exist in their original color videotaped form.

The three surviving color episodes were hosted by Michael Landon, Jerry and Gary Lewis (both co-hosted the same episode) and Paul Anka, respectively and featured: the Byrds, and David Winters (Landon), Paul Revere & the Raiders (both Landon and Lewis') the Cyrkle, Lesley Gore, Peter and Gordon (Anka), Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Barry McGuire (Lewis’).

Dancers
The show was choreographed by David Winters, who selected and choreographed the Hullabaloo Dancers, a team of four men and six women who appeared on a regular basis. Two of them, Michael Bennett and Donna McKechnie, went on to achieve considerable fame on Broadway. Dancer Patrick Adiarte, who also attempted to launch a solo singing career on the series, went on to play Ho-Jon in the television series M*A*S*H. Another female dancer, model/actress Lada Edmund Jr. (known today as Lada St. Edmund, was best known as one of the caged "go-go girl" dancers in the "Hullabaloo A-Go-Go" segment near the closing sequence of the show. She also had a brief recording career with the singles "I Know Something" and "The Larue." She later co-starred with Jon Voight in the 1969 film Out of It and in Act of Vengeance released in 1974. Dancer Suzanne Charney also had some degree of fame on Broadway as the lead frug dancer in Sweet Charity, reprising her role in the 1969 film as well. David Winters went on to direct or produce over 200 TV shows, specials and films.

Broadcast history
The series was originally a one-hour broadcast, airing 8:30–9:30 p.m. on Tuesday. Its first season ran 18 new episodes from January through May 1965 then, from June through August 1965, it featured selected repeats, which aired 10:00–11:00 p.m.

The second season of 30 new episodes ran from September 1965 to April 1966. Reduced to thirty minutes, the episodes aired 7:30–8:00 p.m. on Monday. From May through August 1966 it aired repeats, and was replaced by the sitcom The Monkees in September 1966.

Availability
Highlights of many of the segments have been compiled for release in VHS and DVD formats. Additionally, a special entitled “Hullabaloo—a 60’s Flashback” has been produced under the “My Music” umbrella for use by PBS stations during pledge drives; it premiered in March 2013.

In popular culture
Hullabaloo was mentioned in the lyrics of the 1980 Ramones song "Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?": "Do you remember Hullabaloo? Upbeat, Shindig! and Ed Sullivan, too? Do you remember rock 'n' roll radio?"

The show was also featured in the movie Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998).

In Quentin Tarantino's 2019 film Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, fictional actor Rick Dalton (Leonardo DiCaprio) appears as a guest host on Hullabaloo, singing the 1956 song "Green Door".

title: Hullabaloo (TV series)


text:
Norman Lowell

Norman Lowell (born 29 July 1946) is a Maltese ultranationalist writer and head and founder of Imperium Europa, a far-right political party. He is also a retired banker and artist.

Politics
Imperium Europa advocates Europe as a homeland for White people. The party's remit is to unite "all European natives" (i.e., European-descended peoples, but not non-European-descended immigrants born in Europe) under one flag, hence the name "Imperium Europa" (European Empire), leading to "a Europid bond forged through Spirituality closely followed by Race, nurtured through High culture, protected by High politics, enforced by the Elite." In his formulation Lowell combines Cosmotheism and the ideas of Francis Parker Yockey's Imperium.

Lowell contested the first European Parliament elections that were held in Malta on 12 June 2004, obtaining 1,603 first-count votes from a total of 250,691 votes cast (0.64%). Lowell again contested the European Parliamentary elections in Malta on 6 June 2009. He received 3,559 votes, out of 322,411 cast, for just over one percent of the vote. In the 2014 MEP elections Lowell again doubled his votes to over 7,000, this time surpassing the Green Party's leader Arnold Cassola.

In May 2019, Lowell once again contested the European Parliament election. This time, he obtained 9,693 votes from a total of 270,022 votes cast (3.59%). This result makes Imperium Europa the third most popular party in Malta.

Campaigning heavily against illegal immigrants, Lowell was the party's candidate in the 11th and 12th Districts in the March 2008 parliamentary election. He obtained 84 votes on first count from both districts, obtaining 0.03% of the overall votes.

Lowell is a staunch supporter and admirer of Carmelo Borg Pisani, the Maltese-born Italian Fascist, who, on the grounds that British rule was destroying Malta's Latin soul, advocated the expulsion of the British and joined, to this effect, the National Fascist Party. Pisani was executed for treason by British colonial authorities in 1942. Lowell is known for the quotes "Carmelo Borg Pisani, presente!" and "Onore a Carmelo Borg Pisani!" during a tribute to him in an interview on the television network One, where Lowell, during an interview, asked the presenter for a minute to remember Borg Pisani, stood up, and began exclaiming these quotes whilst holding a staff in his hands.

Political descriptions
Because of comments denigrating African migrants to the country as well as his reliance on anti-Semitic rhetoric and conspiracy theories about Jews, Lowell has been described as racist, an extremist, and a Nazi sympathizer. Lowell uses the parlance of white nationalists elsewhere and states that he is a racialist. Lowell argues that he is "neither a Nazi nor a Fascist nor a Neo-Nazi" and that he would be "booted out of a Nazi party within five minutes" because he's "a strong libertarian", but he has, nevertheless, described Mein Kampf as "The Book" and Adolf Hitler as "The Hero", and called the Nazi Holocaust a "holy hoax". He has also praised Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. He has also expressed support for eugenics, saying he supports the euthanization of disabled children and "horribly deformed" people.

Books
Lowell is the author of Credo: A Book for the Very Few, Imperium Europa – A Book that Changed the World, Aristocratic Manifesto for Imperium Europa (Arktos, 2019), and Jesus the Usurper: Murderer of Christ.

Dionysian Action Painting
Lowell is an artist in his own abstract style, which he labels "Dionysian Action Painting". He describes it as an ancient Greek art form based around "intoxication, frenzy, ecstasy, barbaric instincts". He says it captures feelings, rather than figures, and is the sublimation of the beast in man into art.

Controversies
On 27 March 2008 Lowell was sentenced to a two-year jail term, suspended for four years, due to his conviction on three charges of racial hatred, and one charge of insulting the President of Malta. He won the case relating to insults hurled at the President of Malta on grounds of freedom of speech but was also ordered to pay a fine of 500 Euros for racist terminology against Jews. Judge Quintano ruled that while a politician is free, this freedom is limited by the fact that Jews make up a part of the Maltese society and that no matter how small that part is, such talk constitutes racial hatred.

Speaking outside the courthouse, Lowell told reporters, and a small crowd, "this is a sad day, a very sad day for the Maltese. The lights of freedom have been extinguished. We are going back to the medieval ages. The media will be the first victims of the establishment since they have to be extra careful on how they report items."

On 10 January 2006 Lowell filed a civil libel suit against Malta Today editor Saviour Balzan. Lowell contends that two of the publication's articles, one entitled "Norman Lowell organises BBQ", and another entitled "Lowell’s neo-Nazis hit out at press after arson attack", as well as an editorial entitled "Get the bastards now, before it is too late", constitute a "coordinated, strategic, and orchestrated" effort to undermine his public reputation.

On 30 April 2019, during a meeting of his party, Imperium Europa, Lowell compared Auschwitz concentration camp to the "Disneyland of Poland". When asked whether he denied the Holocaust happened, he said: "How can one deny something that never happened? ... This whole hoax is the biggest lie since the Virgin Mary."

title: Norman Lowell


text:
Xenotime

Xenotime is a rare-earth phosphate mineral, the major component of which is yttrium orthophosphate (YPO4). It forms a solid solution series with chernovite-(Y) (YAsO4) and therefore may contain trace impurities of arsenic, as well as silicon dioxide and calcium. The rare-earth elements dysprosium, erbium, terbium and ytterbium, as well as metal elements such as thorium and uranium (all replacing yttrium) are the expressive secondary components of xenotime. Due to uranium and thorium impurities, some xenotime specimens may be weakly to strongly radioactive. Lithiophyllite, monazite and purpurite are sometimes grouped with xenotime in the informal "anhydrous phosphates" group. Xenotime is used chiefly as a source of yttrium and heavy lanthanide metals (dysprosium, ytterbium, erbium and gadolinium). Occasionally, gemstones are also cut from the finest xenotime crystals.

Etymology
The name xenotime is from the Greek words kenós 'vain' and timē  'honor', akin to 'vainglory'. It was coined by French mineralogist François Sulpice Beudant as a rebuke of another scientist, Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius, for the latter's premature claim to have found in the mineral a new chemical element (later understood to be previously discovered yttrium). The criticism was blunted, as over time kenotime was misread and misprinted xenotime  with the error suggesting the etymology xénos  + timē (τιμή)  as 'different honor'. Xenotime was first described for an occurrence in Vest-Agder, Norway in 1824.

Properties
Crystallising in the tetragonal (I41/amd) crystal system, xenotime is typically translucent to opaque (rarely transparent) in shades of brown to brownish yellow (most common) but also reddish to greenish brown and gray. Xenotime has a variable habit: It may be prismatic (stubby or slender and elongate) with dipyramidal terminations, in radial or granular aggregates, or rosettes. A soft mineral (Mohs hardness 4.5), xenotime is—in comparison to most other translucent minerals—fairly dense, with a specific gravity between 4.4–5.1. Its lustre, which may be vitreous to resinous, together with its crystal system, may lead to a confusion with zircon (ZrSiO4), the latter having a similar crystal structure and with which xenotime may sometimes occur.

Xenotime has two directions of perfect prismatic cleavage and its fracture is uneven to irregular (sometimes splintery). It is considered brittle and its streak is white. The refractive index of xenotime is 1.720–1.815 with a birefringence of 0.095 (uniaxial positive). Xenotime is dichroic with pink, yellow or yellowish brown seen in the extraordinary ray and brownish yellow, grayish brown or greenish brown seen in the ordinary ray. There is no reaction under ultraviolet light. While xenotime may contain significant amounts of thorium or uranium, the mineral does not undergo metamictization like sphene or zircon would.

Occurrence
Occurring as a minor accessory mineral, xenotime is found in pegmatites and other igneous rocks, as well as gneisses rich in mica and quartz. Associated minerals include biotite and other micas, chlorite group minerals, quartz, zircon, certain feldspars, analcime, anatase, brookite, rutile, siderite and apatite. Xenotime is also known to be diagenetic: It may form as minute grains or as extremely thin (less than 10 μ) coatings on detrital zircon grains in siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. The importance of these diagenetic xenotime deposits in the radiometric dating of sedimentary rocks is only beginning to be realised.

Discovered in 1824, xenotime's type locality is Hidra (Hitterø), Flekkefjord, Vest-Agder, Norway. Other notable localities include: Arendal and Tvedestrand, Norway; Novo Horizonte, São Paulo, Novo Horizonte, Bahia and Minas Gerais, Brazil; Madagascar and California, Colorado, Georgia, North Carolina and New Hampshire, United States. A new discovery of gemmy, colour change (brownish to yellow) xenotime has been reported from Afghanistan and been found in Pakistan. North of Mount Funabuse in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, a notable basaltic rock is quarried at a hill called Maru-Yama: crystals of xenotime and zircon arranged in a radiating, flower-like pattern are visible in polished slices of the rock, which is known as chrysanthemum stone (translated from the Japanese 菊石 kiku-ishi). This stone is widely appreciated in Japan for its ornamental value.

Small tonnages of xenotime sand are recovered in association with Malaysian tin mining, etc. and are processed commercially. The lanthanide content is typical of "yttrium earth" minerals and runs about two-thirds yttrium, with the remainder being mostly the heavy lanthanides, where the even-numbered lanthanides (such as Gd, Dy, Er, or Yb) each being present at about the 5% level, and the odd-numbered lanthanides (such as Tb, Ho, Tm, Lu) each being present at about the 1% level. Dysprosium is usually the most abundant of the even-numbered heavies, and holmium is the most abundant of the odd-numbered heavies. The lightest lanthanides are generally better represented in monazite while the heaviest lanthanides are in xenotime.

title: Xenotime


text:
1944 in rail transport

January events

 * January 3: Torre del Bierzo rail disaster in Leon Province, Spain. More than 500 are killed.
 * January 28: A train of Allied prisoners of war on the Orvieto North railway bridge at Allerona in Italy is inadvertently bombed by United States Army Air Forces 320th Bombardment Group. About 450 are killed.

February events

 * c. February: Charles Fairburn succeeds William Stanier as Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway upon Stanier's retirement.

March events

 * March 3: Balvano train disaster, Balvano, Italy: A double-headed mixed train stalls in a tunnel. 521 are killed by carbon monoxide poisoning; five survive. 193 of the dead carrying no identification, most of them Black Marketeers, are buried in a mass grave at the site.
 * March 19: The last steam locomotive purchased new by Southern Pacific Railroad, cab forward class AC-12 4-8-8-2 number 4294, enters service.

April events

 * April 1: Government of India takes over the Madras & Southern Mahratta and South Indian Railways.

June events

 * June 6 (D-Day): Normandy landings destroy the narrow gauge Chemins de fer du Calvados.

July events

 * July 6: Troop train crash near Jellico, Tennessee, United States: Passenger train derails due to excessive speed on defective track. 35 killed, 99 injured; all U.S. Army soldiers en route to deployment.
 * July 26: Normandy landings: Four British War Department diesel shunters are shipped by landing craft tank from England.

September events

 * September 8: Nickel Plate 765 is built by the Lima Locomotive Works.
 * September 13: Fréjus Rail Tunnel blocked by retreating German forces.

October events

 * October 1: Government of India takes over the Bengal Nagpur Railway.
 * October 16: The Baltimore & Ohio's last new steam locomotive #5594, Class T-3C rolls out of Mount Clare erecting shop in Baltimore.

November events

 * November 7: Election day accident in Puerto Rico: a passenger train derails at Aguadilla due to excessive speed on a downhill grade; 16 are killed, 50 injured.

December events

 * December: The Union Pacific Railroad takes delivery from Alco of Class FEF-3 4-8-4 #844, the road's last new steam locomotive.

Unknown date events

 * United States builders begin deliveries of Russian locomotive class Ye 2-10-0s to the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease. More than two thousand will be built from now until 1947 to this design, which originated during World War I.
 * Fred Gurley succeeds Edward Engel as president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.

June births

 * June 11: Michael R. Haverty, president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway 1989–1995, president of the Kansas City Southern Railway 1995–present.

November births

 * November 7: E. Hunter Harrison, president of Illinois Central Railroad 1993–1998, Railroader of the Year 2002, president of Canadian National Railway 2003–2009, president and CEO of Canadian Pacific Railway 2012–2017, CEO of CSX Transportation in 2017 (died 2017).

January deaths

 * January 8: William Kissam Vanderbilt II, heir to Cornelius Vanderbilt and president of the New York Central system (born 1878).

March deaths

 * March 7: Richard Edward Lloyd Maunsell, Chief mechanical engineer of the Southern Railway (UK) 1923–1937 (born 1868).
 * March 21: Hugo Lentz, Austrian inventor of a valve gear for steam engines (born 1859).

June deaths

 * June 19: Richard Deeley, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Midland Railway 1909–1923 (born 1855).

title: 1944 in rail transport


text:
Creswell

Creswell may refer to:

United Kingdom

 * Creswell, Derbyshire
 * Creswell Crags
 * Creswell Model Village
 * Creswell, Staffordshire

United States

 * Creswell, also called Smyrna, Jefferson County, Indiana
 * Creswell Township, Cowley County, Kansas
 * Creswell, Kentucky
 * Creswell, Maryland
 * Creswell, North Carolina
 * Creswell, Oregon
 * Creswell, Pennsylvania

Elsewhere

 * Creswell Bay, Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada
 * Creswell Gardens, Adelaide, Australia

Other

 * Creswell (surname)
 * Creswell High School (disambiguation)
 * HMAS Creswell, a Royal Australian Navy base on the South Coast of New South Wales

title: Creswell


text:
Davie

Davie is a surname and a form of the masculine given name David.

It can refer to:

Surname

 * Davie gunde (2007)
 * Alan Davie (1920-2014), Scottish painter and musician
 * Alexander Edmund Batson Davie (1847-1889), Canadian politician and eighth Premier of British Columbia
 * Art Davie, American businessman
 * Bert Davie (1899-1979), Australian cricketer and Australian rules footballer
 * Bob Davie (American football) (born 1954), American college football head coach, former player and sports commentator
 * Bob Davie (ice hockey) (1912–1990), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Daniel DeWitt Tompkins Davie (1816–1877), American photographer
 * Donald Davie (1922–1995), English poet and literary critic
 * Earl Davie (born 1927), American biochemist
 * Elspeth Davie (1918-1995), Scottish novelist, short story writer, painter and art teacher, wife of George Elder Davie
 * Erin Davie, American actress and singer
 * Eugenie Mary Ladenburg Davie (1895-1975), American political activist
 * George Elder Davie (1912–2007), Scottish philosopher and author of The Democratic Intellect
 * George M. Davie (1848–1900), American lawyer and poet
 * Grace Davie, British sociologist
 * Harry Davie (1905-1968), Australian rules footballer
 * Henry Ferguson Davie (1797-1885), British Army general and Member of Parliament
 * Hutch Davie (born c. 1932), orchestra leader, pianist and composer of popular music
 * John Davie (disambiguation)
 * Michael Davie (1924–2005) was a British journalist and newspaper editor
 * Preston Davie (1881–1967), American lawyer and colonel
 * Sandy Davie (born 1945), Scottish retired football goalkeeper
 * Scott Davie (disambiguation)
 * Theodore Davie (1852-1898), Canadian lawyer, politician and jurist, tenth Premier of British Columbia and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of British Columbia
 * Tim Davie (born 1967), Chief Executive Officer of BBC Worldwide
 * William Richardson Davie (1756-1820), one of the founding fathers of the United States, Revolutionary War officer and tenth Governor of North Carolina
 * Willie Davie (1925–1996), Scottish footballer
 * various Davie baronets

Given name

 * Davie504 (born 1994), Italian Youtuber and bass guitarist
 * Davie Allan, American rock guitarist
 * David Bowie (1947–2016), English singer-songwriter credited as "Davie Jones" on his debut single
 * David Davie Cattanach (born 1946), Scottish former footballer
 * David Davie Cooper (1956–1995), Scottish footballer
 * David Davie Dodds (born 1958), Scottish former footballer
 * David Davie Duncan (1921–1991), Scottish footballer
 * Edmund Davie Fulton (1916-2000), Canadian politician and judge
 * Davie Irons, Scottish former footballer and coach
 * Davie Kemp (born 1950), Scottish retired footballer
 * David Davie Mathie (1919–1954), Scottish footballer
 * David Davie Robb (born 1947), Scottish former footballer
 * David Davie Russell (1868–1952), Scottish footballer
 * Davie Selke (born 1995), German footballer
 * Davie Sneddon (born 1936), Scottish former football player and manager
 * David Davie Wilson (born 1939), Scottish former footballer

Places

 * Davie, Florida
 * Davie County, North Carolina
 * Davie Village and Davie Street, a neighbourhood and street in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

title: Davie


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/King's Contrivance, Columbia, Maryland

King's Contrivance, Columbia, Maryland was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

This is non encyclopedic. Just an anecdote. Sortior 14:45, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * And it is good for this community of people that this remembrance-of-things-past, puppy-dogs-and-ice-cream and-a-good-time-was-had-by-all reminiscence crap get deleted with much haste and much rejoicing. We only wish that you did not remember this episode with the same vivid memory that you had for pizza or Italian dishes that must not have been that good in the first place as they weren't exceptional enough to be memorable.  Unfortunately, my memory is more sharp, and I will be compelled a few years from now when I am older and more reflective to write an anecdote—a lyrical reminscence of the day I chanced upon this VfD, looking back on this crisp winter morning with barely a cloud in a serene expanse of ethereal cyan when I read a really, really bad snippet of an exercise in memoir writing by someone who mistook this place for one of those usual low-quality sentimental jaunts on the information superhighway...poetry.com.  Pass the madeleines, s'il vous plait. —ExplorerCDT 15:22, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Test by anon with no other contributions, amazing it survived since September. Not much point speedying it now IMO. Creative writing, no useful content (not to us anyway). Linked to from Columbia, Maryland, which raises the question: Do we really want the level of detail suggested by all those red links? Andrewa 16:01, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Obvious newbie test. I think it's a valid speedy candidate, but there's obviously no rush. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 16:11, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I concur with Dpbsmith's comment. Jacob1207 16:41, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. I concur with ExplorerCDT's comment.  Barno 01:14, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Emperor Ming

Emperor Ming may refer to:

 * Emperors of the Ming Dynasty
 * Emperor Ming of Han (28-75)
 * Emperor Ming of Wei (205-239), see Cao Rui
 * Emperor Ming of Zhao (274 - 333), see Shi Le
 * Emperor Ming of Jin (299 - 325)
 * Emperor Ming of Song (439 - 472)
 * Emperor Ming of Southern Qi (452 - 498)
 * Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou (534 - 560)
 * Emperor Ming of Western Liang (542–585)
 * Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (685 - 762), sometimes referred to as Emperor Ming
 * Ming the Merciless, a fictional character in the Flash Gordon stories

title: Emperor Ming


text:
1810 in rail transport

May events

 * May 24 – Monmouth Railway authorised by Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom for a railway or tramroad from the Forest of Dean to Monmouth, on the Welsh Borders, including provision to charge for passengers.

Unknown date events

 * The Leiper Railroad connecting Crum Creek to Ridley Creek, Pennsylvania opens.

January births

 * January 3 – Henry Keyes, president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway 1869–1870 (d. 1870).

April births

 * April 15 – Whitmell P. Tunstall, first president of the Richmond and Danville Railroad (d. 1854).
 * April 17 – Isaac Dripps, mechanical engineer for the Camden and Amboy Railroad who assembled the John Bull (d. 1892).

June births

 * June 12 – David Levy Yulee, Florida railroad executive (d. 1886).

July births

 * July 27 – H. H. Hunnewell, director for Illinois Central Railroad 1862-1871, president of Kansas City, Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad, president of Kansas City, Lawrence and Southern Railroad, is born (died 1902).

September births

 * September 19 – Thomas Nickerson, president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway 1874–1880 (d. 1892).

Unknown date births

 * Joseph Harrison Jr., partner in the American steam locomotive manufacturing firm of Eastwick and Harrison (d. 1874).
 * William S. Hudson, superintendent of American steam locomotive manufacturing firm of Rogers, Ketchum and Grosvenor (d. 1881).

title: 1810 in rail transport


text:
Eunice

Eunice may refer to:

Given name

 * Eunice (Bible), mother of Timothy
 * Eunice (Bosporan queen), wife of Bosporan Roman Client King Tiberius Julius Cotys I
 * Eunice, born Heo Soo-yeon, member of Kpop girl group DIA
 * Eunice Alberts (1927–2012), American opera singer
 * Eunice Eloisae Gibbs Allyn (1847–1916), American correspondent, author, poet
 * Eunice Cho (born 1991), American actress and scientist
 * Eunice Crowther (1916–1986), British singer, dancer, and choreographer
 * Eunice Hale Waite Cobb (1803–1880), American writer, public speaker, activist
 * Eunice Caldwell Cowles (1811–1903), American educator
 * Eunice Eichler (1932–2017), New Zealand Salvation Army officer, nurse, midwife and open adoption advocate
 * Eunice Eisden (born 1961), Curaçaoan politician
 * Eunice Newton Foote (1819–1888), American atmospheric scientist and civil rights advocate
 * Eunice Frost (1914–1998), British publisher
 * Eunice Gayson (1928–2018), English actress
 * Eunice Huthart (born 1966), British stuntwoman
 * Eunice D. Kinney (1851-1942), Canadian-born American physician
 * Eunice Rivers Laurie (1899–1986), African American nurse
 * Eunice Murray (1878–1960), Scottish suffrage campaigner, author, folklorist. First Scottish woman to stand in the first election open to women in 1918.
 * Eunice Norton (1908–2005), American pianist
 * Eunice Olawale (died 2016), Nigerian Christian female preacher and murder victim
 * Eunice Olsen (born 1977), winner of the Miss Singapore Universe contest in 2000 and Singapore version of Vanna White
 * Eunice Olumide (born 1987), Scottish model of Nigerian descent
 * Eunice Parsons (born 1916), American modernist collage artist and art teacher.
 * Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921–2009), sister of JFK, founder of the Special Olympics
 * Eunice Spry (born 1944), British criminal
 * Eunice Sum (born 1988), Kenyan middle-distance runner
 * Eunice Kathleen Waymon, birth name of Nina Simone (1933–2003), American singer, pianist and arranger.
 * Eunice Muñoz (1928–2022), Portuguese actress

Greek mythological figures

 * Eunice (mythology), one of the Nereids
 * Eunice, one of the would-be sacrificial victims of Minotaur
 * Eunice, one of the spring nymphs responsible for kidnapping Hylas

Fictional characters

 * DC Eunice Noon, Darego's police partner on the British dark-comedy TV drama The End of the F***ing World
 * Eunice, a character in the 1895 novel Quo Vadis by Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz
 * Eunice Bates, a character from the romantic comedy sports film She's the Man
 * Eunice Burns, a character in the 1972 romantic comedy film What's Up, Doc?
 * Eunice Harper Higgins, fictional character from The Carol Burnett Show and Mama's Family
 * Eunice Dunstan, a character in the Irish soap opera Fair City
 * Sister Mary Eunice McKee, a character in American Horror Story: Asylum
 * Eunice Stein, a major protagonist from Hotel Transylvania
 * Eunice Tate Leitner, a character on the TV sitcom Soap
 * Eunice Tolling, a character in the Enid Blyton book The Mystery of the Missing Man

Inhabited places

 * Eunice, Alberta, Westlock County, Alberta, Canada
 * Eunice, Arkansas, a ghost town in Chicot County, Arkansas, U.S.
 * Eunice, Kentucky, U.S.
 * Eunice, Louisiana, U.S.
 * Eunice, Missouri, U.S.
 * Eunice, New Mexico, U.S.
 * Eunice, West Virginia, U.S.

Lakes

 * Eunice Lake (Pierce County, Washington), U.S.
 * Eunice Lake (Nova Scotia), lake in Nova Scotia, Canada

Zoology

 * Eunice (annelid), a genus in the worm family Eunicidae
 * Eunice, a genus of brush-footed butterflies invalidly established by Geyer in 1832; now Eunica

Other uses

 * Eunice (film), a 1982 television film based on the Carol Burnett character Eunice Harper Higgins
 * Eunice (software), a Unix emulation package for the VAX/VMS operating system
 * Eunice High School, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana
 * Eunice (storm), a 2022 cyclone over northwestern Europe

title: Eunice


text:
Talk:Boston Pops

Untitled
This article says Fiedler retired in 1980, but his article says he died in 1979. Anyone know the real dates to reconcile the articles? I'm pretty sure 1979 is the right date of death, but I don't know when he retired. J. Passepartout 14:47, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Fiedler never retired, he died. He was going to celebrate his 50 anniversary with the orchestra in 1980. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 200.76.252.167 (talk • contribs).

Most famous piece?
The article says, "Of the many musical pieces produced over the years, the Pops' most [emph added] famous and popular work is Fiedler's production of Leroy Anderson's "Sleigh Ride."" The Pops' "Sleigh Ride" is very good, but it's seasonal. I'm not an expert on the Boston Pops but I think their 'most famous and popular work' is Sousa's "Stars and Stripes Forever". It's one of their signature pieces played at almost every concert, pop or classical, and is on many of their CDs. (Another, "1812 Overture", is seasonal: 4th of July Esplanade Concert.) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 129.64.56.40 (talk • contribs).

 * At this point, I'd agree with you. S&SF is definitely their "signature piece".

 * Atlant 15:59, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

I'd have to disagree with both of you, while I will concede that it may be seen as a seasonal piece, the 1812 Overture is the Boston Pops trademark piece. They were the first orchestra to play it at a Fourth of July concert and it regularly highlights many of their shows. Tonights Pops Goes the Fourth national broadcast on CBS even opened with the announcer saying "We present the Boston Pops, playing their trademark piece, the 1812 Overture". --Rob McDougall 03:15, 5 July 2006 (UTC)\

Awkward and confusing, and incorrect
''"In general parlance, the Boston Pops is described as: “The Boston Symphony minus the first-chair players." This “elite core” of BSO musicians '' What elite corps? The Pops? The first-chair players? Antecedent is unclear. Poor usage.

"constitute a separate subsection of the BSO and perform alongside the Pops as the Boston Symphony Chamber Players, a 12-member ensemble founded in 1964. " When have they performed "alongside the Pops"? This is unclear, and it's simply wrong. Only twelve of the more-than-twelve principles are in the BSCP. For instance, BSO principle trumpet Rolfs is also a member (and principle trumpet) of the Boston Pops Orchestra.

"These arrangements, and a similar one with the Tanglewood Festival provide year-round employment for the musicians." The "Tanglewood Festival" does not have a "similar" "arrangement". Tanglewood is an alternate venue, not a change in personnel. This whole description of who the Pops (and Chamber Players) are needs major revision, for clarity, style, and most importantly, for accuracy.

Possible corrected wording below:

"The Boston Pops" is a term used generically to refer to either the Boston Pops Orchestra or the Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra, two similar but distinct ensembles operated by the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The Boston Pops Orchestra consists of the players of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, minus twelve of the principle players (who tour separately as the Boston Symphony Chamber Players). The Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra includes many of the Boston Symphony Orchestra players, plus many other players hired by the BSO management. The Boston Pops Orchestra plays concerts in Symphony Hall in the late spring, and some of the Holiday Pops concerts. The Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra plays in Symphony Hall during the summer, and for most Holiday Pops concerts. The Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra also plays regularly on the Charles River Esplanade, occasionally at Tanglewood, and on tour.

I am uncomfortable with the statment that there was a "reputation of classical music as being solely for elite, aristocratic, upper-class audiences. Fiedler made efforts to bring classical music to wider audiences? That suggests that the reputation was justified. Classical music was never solely for aristocrats or upper classes! It was until fairly recently the music of the educated and the city dwellers. Hardly just the aristocrats!JohnC (talk) 06:29, 25 July 2010 (UTC)

POPSearch material
I am a great fan of the Boston Pops, but I believe the POPSarch stuff is entirely out of place here. Surely this should have a separate entry. It overwhelms the Boston Pops text referring to the orchestra, its composition and history, and looks more like a puff for the competition. A reference to the appropriate POPSearch web site for interested parties would surely be more appropriate. This is meant to be a credible encyclopedic entry, not a publicity vehicle. Trevor H. (UK) 15:12, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Yes, I totally agree with everything Trevor H. expresses above... Venicemenace (talk) 02:41, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

Boston Promenade Orchestra
Who are the "Boston Promenade Orchestra"? I have a late-60s issue of Carnival of the Animals credited to the Boston Promenade Orchestra with Arthur Fiedler as conductor. Apparently RCA renamed some orchestras for their budget releases, so is this the same orchestra under a different name? Ubcule (talk) 12:58, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

FETCH?
Is it significant to talk about how FETCH had an event here where a member (Bethany) conducted for the orchestra? 98.113.4.209 (talk) 21:23, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Boston Pops


text:
Stefan Effenberg

Stefan Effenberg (born 2 August 1968) is a German former footballer who most recently acted as sporting director for KFC Uerdingen 05. A midfielder, he was known for his leadership skills, passing range, shooting ability, and physical strength, but was also a temperamental and controversial character.

In the Bundesliga alone – where he represented Bayern Munich most notably, in six seasons and in two different spells – Effenberg collected 109 yellow cards, an all-time record at the time of his retirement. With Bayern, he won three Bundesligas and captained the club to the UEFA Champions League title in 2001.

In a career which was cut short after a run-in with the management, he played for Germany on more than 30 occasions, representing the nation in one World Cup and one European Championship. His nickname is Der Tiger (, "the tiger").

Club career
Born and raised in Niendorf, Hamburg on 2 August 1968, Stefan Effenberg started his professional career with Borussia Mönchengladbach, where he became an undisputed first-choice by the age of 20. This attracted the interest of Bundesliga giants FC Bayern Munich, where he scored 19 goals in his first two seasons after his transfer, although the club failed to win any silverware with Effenberg in the lineup.

When legendary Lothar Matthäus (who also represented Mönchengladbach) returned to Bayern in 1992, Effenberg moved to ACF Fiorentina. Despite the presence of Dane Brian Laudrup and Argentine Gabriel Batistuta, Fiorentina was relegated from Serie A in his first season. Effenberg stayed on in the second flight, winning promotion back at the first attempt.

In the summer of 1994, Effenberg then moved back to Gladbach, where he appeared in 118 league matches, scoring 23 goals, before Bayern re-signed him in 1998. Effenberg's second spell with the Bavarians was much more successful. He collected three Bundesliga titles in a row, and Bayern also reached two UEFA Champions League finals, the first of which was a 1–2 defeat to Manchester United F.C. in 1999. Bayern returned to the final in 2001 with Effenberg as captain. He scored Bayern's equalising goal from the penalty spot in a victory against Valencia (1–1, penalty shootout win). After the final, Effenberg was named the Most Valuable Player of the 2000–01 UEFA Champions League. After his departure, club fans voted him one of the eleven greatest Bayern players of all time.

After an unassuming spell at VfL Wolfsburg, Effenberg ended his career in Qatar with Al-Arabi Sports Club, with Gabriel Batistuta as his teammate. He appeared occasionally as a color commentator for German TV after his retirement as a player.

Managerial career
Effenberg was appointed as the head coach of SC Paderborn on 13 October 2015. He was sacked on 3 March 2016.

On 10 October 2019, KFC Uerdingen 05 presented Effenberg as the new sporting director. Following a few troubled months which included the team briefly staying at an Italian hotel with no football pitch for a mid-season training camp, he stepped back from this position prematurely in May 2020.

International career
Effenberg played 35 games for the Germany national team and scored five goals. His debut came on 5 June 1991, in a Euro 1992 qualifier against Wales, as he played the last 18 minutes of a 1–0 away loss. He would be an everpresent fixture during the final stages, even netting in the second group stage match, a 2–0 win over Scotland.

During a group game against South Korea in the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Effenberg "gave the finger" to German fans at the Cotton Bowl in the 35 °C (95 °F) heat of Dallas when he got substituted after a subpar performance; the Germans were then only one goal up, after leading 3–0. German coach Berti Vogts was so outraged by this incident that he dropped Effenberg from the team on the spot, and declared that he was finished as an international player.

Effenberg did not appear in another international match again until 1998, when he was briefly re-instated to the national team for a couple of friendly matches in Malta in September, which happened to be Vogts' last two matches as national team coach. They turned out to be his last caps for Germany.

Controversies and personal life
Effenberg had a history of attracting attention and ire from fans, managers, and players alike with his behaviour.

In 1991, prior to a UEFA Cup game against then-semi-professional Cork City, Effenberg told the press he was sure of a victory, saying Cork City midfielder Dave Barry was "like (his) grandfather". Barry got his retribution by scoring the opening goal in the team's 1–1 draw at Musgrave Park.

In the late 1990s, Effenberg, already married to Martina, provoked animosity when his affair with Claudia Strunz, the partner of former club and national teammate, Thomas Strunz, was revealed. Effenberg published a controversial autobiography, notorious for its blatant contents – which included lashing out at some other football professionals, namely club and national side mate Lothar Matthäus.

In 2001, Effenberg was fined after being found guilty of assaulting a woman in a nightclub. The following year, he implied that unemployed people in Germany were in fact too lazy to look for work, and demanded they took benefit cuts. The interview was issued in Playboy.

Strunz and Effenberg were married in 2004, and the player also had three children from his first marriage; the couple then relocated to Florida.

International

 * Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Effenberg goal.

Honours
Bayern Munich
 * Bundesliga: 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01
 * DFB-Pokal: 1999–2000
 * UEFA Champions League: 2000–01
 * Intercontinental Cup: 2001
 * DFL-Supercup: 1990
 * DFB-Ligapokal: 1998, 1999, 2000

Fiorentina
 * Serie B: 1993–94

Borussia Mönchengladbach
 * DFB-Pokal: 1994–95

Germany
 * UEFA European Championship runner-up: 1992
 * U.S. Cup: 1993

Individual
 * kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1990–91, 1991–92, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1999–2000
 * UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1992
 * FIFA XI: 1997
 * ESM Team of the Year: 1998–99
 * UEFA Club Footballer of the Year: 2001
 * Bayern Munich All-time XI

title: Stefan Effenberg


text:
Digestive

Digestive may refer to:

Biology

 * Digestion, biological process of metabolism

Food and drink

 * Digestif, small beverage at the end of a meal
 * Digestive biscuit, a British semi-sweet biscuit

title: Digestive


text:
Dolores

Dolores, Spanish for "pain; grief", most commonly refers to:

 * Our Lady of Sorrows or La Virgen María de los Dolores
 * Dolores (given name)

Dolores may also refer to:

Film

 * Dolores (2017 film), an American documentary by Peter Bratt
 * Dolores (2018 film), an Argentine film

Literature

 * "Dolores (Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs)", a poem by A. C. Swinburne
 * Dolores (Susann novel), a 1976 novel by Jacqueline Susann
 * Dolores, a 1911 novel by Ivy Compton-Burnett

Music

 * Dolores Recordings, a record label
 * Dolores (album), an album by Bohren & der Club of Gore
 * "Dolores" (song), a 1940 song written by Frank Loesser and Louis Alter and popularized by Bing Crosby
 * "Dolores", a song by the Mavericks from Trampoline
 * Dolorès, a waltz written by Émile Waldteufel

Places

 * 1277 Dolores, an asteroid

Argentina

 * Dolores, Buenos Aires

Belize

 * Dolores, Belize, a village in Toledo District
 * Rancho Dolores, a village in Belize District

Colombia

 * Dolores, Tolima

El Salvador

 * Dolores, Cabañas

Guatemala

 * Dolores, El Petén

Mexico

 * Dolores Hidalgo, a town in Guanajuato
 * Misión Nuestra Señora de los Dolores del Sur Chillá, Baja California Sur, often shortened to "Dolores"
 * Dolores mine, Chihuahua

Nicaragua

 * Dolores, Nicaragua

Philippines

 * Dolores, Abra
 * Dolores, Eastern Samar
 * Dolores, Quezon

Spain

 * Dolores, Alicante

United States

 * Dolores, Colorado
 * Dolores County, Colorado
 * Dolores River, a tributary of the Colorado River, in the U.S. states of Colorado and Utah
 * Mission San Francisco de Asís, in San Francisco, also known as "Mission Dolores"

Uruguay

 * Dolores, Uruguay, a city in Soriano Department

Other uses

 * Dolores (Ziegfeld girl), Kathleen Mary Rose (1893–1975), English model and showgirl
 * Dolores (artists' model), English artists' model
 * Dolores, the protagonist Mecha from Z.O.E. Dolores, I
 * Dolores Haze, the 12 year old title character of Lolita
 * Dolores Madrigal, a character from the animated film Encanto

title: Dolores


text:
Elisabeth Lupka

Elisabeth Lupka (27 October 1902 – 8 January 1949) was a Nazi female guard at two prison camps during World War II.

Lupka was born in Klein-Damner, German Empire (present-day Dąbrówka Mała, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland). She got married in 1934, had no children and soon divorced. In 1937 she went to Berlin to work in an aircraft factory.

In 1942 she left her menial job as a labourer and went to Ravensbrück concentration camp to undergo training as a camp guard. Lupka graduated and later became an Aufseherin over several work details. In March 1943, she was assigned to the German Auschwitz-Birkenau camp in Poland as an Aufseherin then as a Blockführerin (Block Overseer), where she physically beat many prisoners with a whip and selected many others for the gas chambers. She stayed in the camp until its last evacuations in early January 1945 and accompanied a death march to Loslau. Lupka returned to Ravensbrück later that same month.

On 6 June 1945, Lupka was arrested by Allied troops and sent to an internment camp. Two years later, on 6 July 1948, after a long investigation, she appeared at a Kraków court for war crimes, mainly the maltreatment of prisoners and her involvement in selections of inmates to the gas chambers. Lupka was found guilty, and executed by short-drop hanging on 8 January 1949 at Montelupich Prison in Kraków. Her corpse was sent to Jagiellonian University in Krakow for use by medical students.

title: Elisabeth Lupka


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Duk

Duk
final (22/0/0) ending 14:40 24 December 2004 (UTC)

Duk has been here for almost 7 months and has 2290 edits. They run the gamut from image creation to creating and bringing an article to featured article status to fighting vandalism to participating in VfD to good old grunt work. He gets involved in talk pages and encourages discussion. When he's wrong, he's not afraid to admit it. Even though he and I have been on opposing sides of debates before, I can say without reservation that I strongly feel he would benefit from the tools of adminship and use them appropriately. CryptoDerk 14:52, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * Accepted, thank you for the nomination.

Support Oppose
 * 1) CryptoDerk 14:52, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Strongly support. Soda can stove is the best article ever (or at least since exploding whale).   [[Special:ArbComVote|VOTE BLANKFAZE]] | (что??) 16:34, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Lst27 ( t a l k )  22:34, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) soren9580 11:06, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC) Support. Soda can stove is very informative, and this user clearly has contributed a great deal to the community.
 * User has 3 edits. CryptoDerk 15:40, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * I have a few more now --Soren9580 02:10, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Quite right. User:Soren9580 now has edited six articles. --Ben Brockert 05:27, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) A. D. Hair 12:09, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Andre ( talk )A| 20:33, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) I hope you're as great an administrator as you have been an editor. --Ben Brockert 01:07, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Support. I quite liked Soda can stove and it got to the front page. Seems like a good editor, not too controversial. Should be OK (fingers crossed!) - Ta bu shi da yu 08:51, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Support. I haven't encountered this user before, but his list of contributions shows lots of good edits. jni 08:53, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Looks good, lots of maintanance work.  --fvw *  17:56, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * 7) Support. The quality of this user's work suggests sufficient knowledge to help other users, as well as a commitment to the encyclopedia. Nathanlarson32767 19:00, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) Good Wikipedia maintenance work. Will be good as admin. utcursch 06:53, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) Duk is an awesome user! [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 07:36, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Sure, why not? A fellow April 2004 registree. :) --Slowking Man 08:40, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) An X-mas eve admin if it is up to me. Anárion 13:00, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) Support Arminius 22:44, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) Support. Jayjg 23:20, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 14) Support. (why do we write "support" when there is a separate section for opposing votes?) Tuf-Kat 23:28, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * (Not all of us do. Be bold. --Ben Brockert 02:50, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC))
 * I dislike boldness, for it excites the common folk and sometimes leads to ideas... Tuf-Kat 02:59, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Support. SWAdair | Talk  05:09, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Support Pedant 05:53, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * 3) Sounds like a great admin. Go for it. RSpeer 23:01, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Support.Node 01:06, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Neutral

Comments

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. At first, the rollback button for vandalism, assist IFD (alongside the image tagging project), and avail myself to anyone needing sysop assistance. Later, help deal with vandals.

 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. Gas turbine, Soda can stove, because they were a good example of a community effort. Grand coulee, Columbia Basin Project, Similitude (model) (still working on), because I learned a lot while doing it. Some of the Water turbine pages, because they were non-existent or redirects when I started. User:Duk/My_Images because they add a lot of value to Wikipedia and I learned several new software packages for this purpose.

 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. Very rarely. I think I've had edit disputes only a couple of times. I have been lucky, because they have been with people who have the best intentions, same as me. When an argument flairs, I find that a step back, a little bit of humility, and a clearly stated argument has always been reciprocated.

 * As far as others causing me stress, not much. People sometimes do things I don't agree with, I'm sure I do things that other people disagree with. So I try to have patience (and I've sensed other people's patience with me). In the future, I see myself becoming more patient and more engaging in edit discussions.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Duk


text:
Elma

Elma or ELMA may refer to:

United States

 * Elma, Iowa, a city in the US
 * Elma, New York, a town in the US
 * Elma Center, New York
 * Elma, Washington, a city in the US
 * Elma Township, Richland County, North Dakota, in Richland County, North Dakota, US
 * Elma, Virginia, an unincorporated community in the US
 * Elma (hamlet), New York, a hamlet in the US

Elsewhere

 * Elma, Manitoba, a community in Canada
 * Elma railway station
 * Elma (river), a river of Poland

Given name

 * Elma (given name)
 * Elma G. Albert, Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court
 * Elma Bellini (1954–2018), New York Supreme Court Justice
 * Elma Campbell (1901–1983), Scottish nationalist activist
 * Elma Danielsson (1865–1936), Swedish politician
 * Elma Tryphosa Dangerfield (1907–2006), British journalist and Liberal Party politician
 * Elma Davis (born 1968), South African international lawn bowler
 * Elma de Vries (born 1983), Dutch speed skater
 * Elma Dienda (born 1964), Namibian politician
 * Elma Salinas Ender (born 1953), Texan judge
 * Elma Francois (1897–1944), Trinidadian political activist
 * Elma González (born 1942), Mexican-American biologist
 * Elma Gove (1832–1921), American painter
 * Elma van Haren (born 1954), Dutch poet
 * Elma Karlowa (1932–1994), Yugoslav actress
 * Elma Lewis (1921–2004), American arts educator
 * Elma Maua (1948–2010), New Zealand journalist
 * Elma Miller (born 1954), Canadian musician, composer, writer and educator
 * Elma Mitchell (1919–2000), British poet
 * Elma Muros (born 1967), Filipina track and field athlete
 * Elma Napier (1892–1973), Dominican writer and politician
 * Elma Sandford-Morgan (1890–1983), Australian physician
 * Elma Sinanović (born 1974), Serbian Bosniak singer
 * Elma Soiron (1918–2016), English actress
 * Elma Steck (1923–2014), American professional baseball player
 * Elma Ström (1822–1889), Swedish opera singer
 * Elma Stuckey (1907–1988), African-American poet
 * Elma Yerburgh (1864–1946), owner and chairman of the Thwaites Brewery company
 * Elma Mary Williams (1913–1971), British author

Surname

 * Fikri Elma (died 1999), Turkish footballer
 * Ouidad Elma, French-Moroccan actress
 * Yağmur Arzu Elma (born 1996), Turkish female water polo player

Fictional characters

 * Elma Leivonen, a fictional character from the anime/manga series Strike Witches
 * Elma, a fictional character from the video game Xenoblade Chronicles X
 * Elma, a fictional character from the anime/manga series Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid
 * Elma York, a fictional character from the science fiction novel The Calculating Stars
 * Elma Radnor, a fictional character from the 1987 movie Matewan

Companies

 * Elma Electronic, a Swiss electronics company
 * Empresa Líneas Marítimas Argentinas, a defunct Argentine cargo shipping line
 * European Languages and Movies in America

Other uses

 * Elma (album), 2019 album by Yorushika
 * Elma (gastropod), genus of land snails in the family Streptaxidae
 * Elasto Mania, a 2000 2D motorcycle PC-game
 * European land mammal age, former name of the European Land Mammal Mega Zone

Elma

title: Elma


text:
Voices (Indriðason novel)

Voices (Icelandic: Röddin) is a 2006 translation of a 2003 crime novel by Icelandic author Arnaldur Indriðason, in his Detective Erlendur series. It was first published in English in August 2006. The Swedish translation of the novel (Änglarösten) won Sweden's Martin Beck Award for the best crime novel in translation.

An old hotel doorman, preparing to dress up as Father Christmas, is found stabbed to death in a compromising position in his miserable small room. Detective Erlendur, who hits a wall of disinterest while trying to find answers, books a room in the hotel. The more he discovers of the past of the deceased, and the more demimonde figures he meets in that allegedly decent hotel, the more phantoms he reveals from his own past.

title: Voices (Indriðason novel)


text:
Faroe

Faroe may refer to:

Places

 * Faroe Islands, an archipelago in the North Atlantic and a part of the Kingdom of Denmark
 * Faroese people
 * Faroese language
 * Danish ship Færøe
 * Fårö, an island off Gotland, Sweden
 * Farø, an island south of Zealand, Denmark

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Faroe, southernmost main island in the Skellige archipelago in The Witcher 3 video game by CD Projekt

title: Faroe