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User talk:GeneralPatton/Archive2

No problem. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 00:51, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Faraday picture
Actually, I kind of like the other image on the Michael Faraday page as well. Couldn't we have both of them, labeling the other one "An older Michael Faraday"? Brutannica 02:30, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Husnock nomination
I see that your candidate has not been on Wikipedia much lately, and not since your nomination. It doesn't appear to me that this nomination will succeed if he is not around and people can't read his answers to judge his adminship. Do you think it would be a good idea to withdraw the nomination until you can ask him if he wants to be an admin and will be around to perform the duties? -- Cecropia | Talk 18:36, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Battle of the Bulge
You go girl! You're on a tear. -Joseph 21:00, 2004 Aug 26 (UTC)
 * A favor - when you're going to make all kinds of edits to an article like that, please don't make lots of tiny edits. Instead, we prefer that you make one large edit. (You might also want to put at the top to prevent edit conflicts). It saves on drive space (since each saved version is saved in its entirety) and it makes change histories easier to track. →Raul654 21:04, Aug 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, when making changes all over a long article, I find it easier to copy the text into a word processor and work on it in a large window, rather than trying to scroll up and down in the little Edit window. Then copy it back and Preview it for typos and such.
 * —wwoods 00:19, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Query
I'm not sure what the point of your query on my talk page is meant to be. I have no involvement in "scams" or illegal activities of any sort, and my involvement with Empire of Atlantium is public knowledge.--Gene_poole 01:00, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Kindly refrain from posting irrelevant, false and inflammatory POV assertions on my talk page. I have no interest in raking over matters that are well documented both on Wikipedia and in multiple third party reference sources. --Gene_poole 01:21, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Note that I've deleted your most recent inflammatory comment from my talk page. I have no interest in your irrelevant POV concerning me or the organisations I choose to associate myself with.--Gene_poole 01:49, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Weichsel vs. Vistula
As I already said on Ruebezahl's page, I give up, feel free to add all names wherever you find it suitable or convenient. I'd rather withdraw from discussion than be called a nationalist.

IMHO the German name of the river that had flown through Germany for five and a half years in its history is not really relevant to me (or rather not relevant enough to be mentioned in the header). IMO it should be mentioned in the history section - just like the Slavic name of Berlin. However, if you think otherwise - fine, I withdraw. But please do not look for a hidden agenda where there is none. I believe the German name does not belong here because the river was "German" for some 100 years in its history (if one counts the 19th century Partitions when approximately 1/5 of the river flown through Prussia, the rest flowing through Russia and A-H, see User talk:Rübezahl for details). If you read my posts carefully you'd probably see that I'm not one of the guys who have a god-given mission of erasing all traces of German presence on Polish lands. At times it happens that a German name is simply irrelevant and that is not because of some nationalist POV but because of a common sense.

'''Anyway, please be so kind as to provide a reference to an English language source calling the river with its German name. '''

Finally, the "German nationalism" remark was but a joke, I was mocking at your comment above, the one that suggested that my nationalism might blind me. I found it exceptionally funny since you have no idea on my nationality whatsoever. However, since I'm usually considered to be a Pole, I noticed that most of Polish POV is considered nationalist, while German or French POVs are absolutely ok. But this is rather a notion among the western societies than a notion among wikipedians and you have nothing to do with that (I hope). Anyway, please be so kind as to not mention my nationality when discussing with me, this has nothing to do. Try to find out what is said rather than who says that. This would spare both you and the rest of wikipedians such misunderstandings in the future.

As to your arbitration warning/advice/threat/whatever, please feel free to start it if you find that there are matters or discussions with me that cannot be resolved. It's always good to know what others think about me. But please be so kind as to try to understand my point of view before you start advocating yours. Cheers, [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 21:35, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * Not really, the number of referrences is 6 870 after you change the language to English. And still the vast majority of pages are related to either Weichsel as a surname or to German WWII army ( Heeresgruppe Weichsel and such). You'd still have to point me to an English language source calling the river with its German name (and no, I don't mean the Prussian encyclopaedia or any other German page translated to English). [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 08:37, Sep 5, 2004 (UTC)

On Requests_for_arbitration
At this point, I think the flame war is silly and that it hurts our cause to post anything more. I think we have clearly demonstrated, with links to "Gene Poole"'s editing history, and with "Gene Poole"'s response to our concerns with personal attacks, that, well, "Gene Poole" is not a well-behaved editor. The arbitrators do not (or, at least, should not) care if Empire of Atlantium is a legitimate Micronation or not. They do care, however, that "Gene Poole" responds to criticism with personal attacks ("Crank Editor", "Crackpot"), makes false claims of vandalism, and that he has engaged in multiple edit wars over anything Micronation-related. I've wasted too much time on this person, but I know that he does need to be combatted, or he will continue to make Wiki unpleasant for any editor unfortunate enough disagree with him. Samboy 06:33, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Oh, additionally, we only need one more arbitrator to accept taking this to arbitration for "Gene Poole" to be arbitrated. This is a done deal at this point; more flame-war with "Gene Poole" hurts our cause instead of healping it, IMHO. At this point, we need to work together to come up with a statement on the Arbitration page, akin to this or this. The actual arbitration pages are structured in such a way that the arbitrators don't have to trudge through a flame war if they don't want to. Samboy 06:38, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

David Irving
I'd support protection personally, but I can't do it, having edited the article. I can't remember if you're an admin, but if not, I'd suggest you could contact one about it, or post the article on Requests for page protection. I'm not sure I believe that the edit war will continue, but if you suspect it, please do what you think needs doing. I think if I seek protection, it will look as though I want to change the article and then freeze it in my preferred version. :-) Thanks, Jwrosenzweig 20:51, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Support
Thank you very much for your support during my recent run for adminship. I appreciated the support very much. We should talk on IRC more. Message me when you see me. Mike H 03:52, Sep 7, 2004 (UTC)

Greco-Buddhism
Hi General Patton, can you specify what "still needs to be worked on" in the Greco-Buddhism article? Thanks PHG 07:41, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Arbitration
Your case is now open at Requests_for_arbitration/Gene_Poole_vs._Samboy. You may want to clean up the mess on that page and move the evidence elsewhere. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 13:32, Sep 11, 2004 (UTC)

Say Friend
My reasons are obviously the reasons given by JK in both his edit summary and talk, since I reverted to his version. Wolfman 07:05, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Just to interject here -- "Although it is not made explicit on wikipedia:revert, a review of Wikipedia policies such as wikipedia:staying cool and wikipedia:dispute resolution, together with common practice and community expectations, strongly suggests that "When reverting, explain your reasons for doing so" is a longstanding de facto Wikipdia policy." -- Requests for arbitration/Wik2 - you have to state your reasons even if you think they are "obvious". →Raul654 07:16, Sep 14, 2004 (UTC)

Point taken Raul. I will justify my future reverts of that edit.

Now GP, I see you feel free to edit my comments. You may think "That's a mighty neighborly attitude" is a cynical insult. I think it's a pretty mild response to someone who goes leaping straight to talk of "partisan vandalism". Wolfman 07:28, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I edited it out because I really wanted to avoid a flame war. GeneralPatton 17:46, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Kerry
I explained on the talk page, if you bothered to check. At any rate, it should be pretty evident. Snide parentheticals are just designed to make Kerry look like a jerk. They certainly don't have any bearing on a discussion of his childhood. If we don't think he saw the ruins of Hitler's bunker (I have no idea if this would be feasible or not - I do know that the fact that they were in the Soviet Zone is not dispositive, since one could go into the Soviet Zone before 1961), then we should just remove the whole incident from the discussion of his childhood. If we have evidence that he is lying (and I'm not sure why this would be called a "Kerryism" - Slate's "Kerryisms" generally revolve around Kerry saying something unnecessarily complicated, not him lying about his childhood), I suppose it might be significant enough to mention, although I'm pretty dubious that this story is significant enough for that. Do you think that our section on Arnold Schwarzenegger's childhood should revolve around his stump speech discussion of how Austria was a Communist country behind the Iron Curtain when he was a child, along with snide comments about why this wasn't true (yes, I know he didn't say that, per se, but that was the pretty strong implication of what he said. If Kerry "lied" to a greater degree than Schwarzenegger, I'd be very surprised.) john k 07:22, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * My addition wasn’t politically motivated at all. GeneralPatton 07:27, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * your motivation is irrelevant. the actual impact on the article is relevant.  perhaps, since you're apparently not American, the apparent innuendo is not as clear to your ears as to mine. Wolfman 07:30, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, I'm sorry I assumed that. Let's just remove the whole story, as you suggest. I'm a bit overly sensitized to this kind of stuff by some recent arguments I've been having at other pages. But as Wolfman suggests, I think the implication of your addition was "wow, look at what a big liar that John Kerry is." If that was not your intention, I apologize for assuming that, but I think that's how it comes off. john k 07:32, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * ok, no innuendo intended then. but it's still there to my ears.  so, let's sort it out on talk.  sorry for the misunderstanding.  i should have explained the revert, and you shouldn't have started talking vandalism.  water under the bridge.  but for now, i'm off to bed. Wolfman 07:35, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Serb Krajina
Just a note - the Serb nationalist brigade is now targeting Republic of Serbian Krajina, trying to paint Croatia as the all-horrid agressor. Ambi 03:49, 26 Sep 2004 (UTC)

David Irving article
Hi General, I know you're working hard to add information to the David Irving page, but would you mind stopping by the Talk: page there for a couple of minutes to answer some questions posted there? Thanks. Jayjg 21:56, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Irving
I posted my notes on WP:FAC earlier today. Jeronimo 19:22, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
Sure, I'd accept a nomination. Thanks. :) [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 16:46, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

URGENT: Opposition to "Sam Spade": See User:Spleeman/Sam Spade
(Doing correct placement now, thanks. IZAK 10:11, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC))

See a critic's tracking of SamSpade's activities on Wikipedia at User:Spleeman/Sam Spade Vote "NO", or reverse your vote, even at this late hour. This is criticle (and critical) information! IZAK 10:11, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

See: User:Spleeman/Sam Spade:

 * From Sam's own user page: User:Sam_Spade/Theoretical_Biases
 * Removes references to groups such as the KKK as "right-wing"
 * Attempts to sugarcoat racist views
 * The claim the Geli Raubal was Hitler's mistress is just that, a claim.
 * Wants Hitler labeled as a socialist on the communism page (see Talk:Communism)
 * Insists on including his personal theories regarding a relationship between nazism and Chinese communism in nazism article:
 * User_talk:Andries
 * Talk:Nazism
 * From Talk:Socialism:
 * "I intend to do what I always have, which is insist that the Nazi's were socialist because... they were." (Sam Spade 00:32, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC))
 * Called another editor a "fascist" (Talk:Socialism). This is similar to his attempts to try to provoke me by implying that I was a nationalist, or not an anarchist:
 * "Enforcing american spelling is a sign of nationalism, and would therefore seem to suggest your not an anarchist? Or perhaps your a "anarcho-nationalist"? ;p" (Sam Spade 08:06, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC), User_talk:Spleeman)
 * "Censorship isn't very anarchist" (Sam Spade 23:25, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC), Talk:Anarchism/Archive10)
 * More on belief in non-racial eugenics: Why Sam is Right Wing (a list by User:Stopthebus18)
 * Stopthebus18: "People (including our country) have done horrible things in the name of eugenics." (StoptheBus18 16:02, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC))
 * Sam Spade: "Seems to work in Singapore. Bad things have been done in the name of all sorts of medicine, but we don't stop going to the doctor, do we?" (Sam Spade 17:21, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC))
 * Guess what everybody!!! "The attempt to paint them [the Nazis] as "reactionaries" is a propagandistic fraud." (Sam Spade 16:11, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC), Talk:Nazism) Wow! You learn something new everyday.... Not.
 * Hmm. For some reason, Sam doesn't want anybody to know that white-supremacist Wolfgang Droege was involved in drug trafficking.

VfA
Hi, I wanted to drop you a note of thanks for your support, as well as your kind comments. I found all of this to be quite a positive learning experience, and intend to work hard at improving the community concensus regarding myself. You've always been a class-act yourself, I've not seen anything other than superb edits from you. Please keep up the good work, it is appreciated, and thanks again, Sam [Spade] 23:34, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My nomination for adminship
Thank you for supporting my nomination for adminship. I will do my best to serve Wikipedia. --Slowking Man 00:10, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)

User:GeneralPatton suggests that HistoryBuffer be taken to Arbitration
From User:IZAK: See Requests for comment/IZAK

''':Izak, from my own experience, I suggest you now take HistoryBuffEr straight to Arbitration, and demand he be banned from all articles concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. You have a great and compelling body of evidence against him. GeneralPatton 19:36, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)'''

Users are asked to please help set this in motion.

Pathetically, HistoryBuffer is now antagonizing more people at Holocaust denial examined, see the "history" of that page and the "revert wars" and other stuff at Talk:Holocaust denial examined IZAK 02:29, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC):

 * "This article contains an unsubstantiated assertion about the use of term "Zionist" by Holocaust deniers. The Zionist extremist and Palestine denier Jayjg keeps reverting any attempt to correct the false implication that anyone using the term "Zionist" is/could be a Holocaust denier, without supplying any evidence for the assertion. HistoryBuffEr 07:48, 2004 Oct 14 (UTC)"

Question about Demographic history of Kosovo
Hallo, Patton, I see you've been here for quite a time so I wanna ask you something:

Two other users and I set the article Demographic history of Kosovo straight (meaning deserbified it and made it NPOV). Since then Nikola Smolenski has engaged im repeated terrorist attacks on the article without logging himself. What can I do to protect the article? Looking forward to your response VMORO

Hey, thanks for the answer! I guess listing the page for protection is the best possible solution, how can I do that? VMORO

HistoryBuffEr's RFC against Proteus
You might be interested in this: Requests_for_comment/Proteus. Regards, Jayjg 01:50, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

"Catholic Serbs"
I thought you might be interested: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion#Catholic_Serbs Mir Harven 11:06, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The arbitration is in the decision stage
I'm just letting you know that the arbitration that you originally started against "Gene Poole" is in the decision stage. If you have any comments to leave, leave them here.

See these six categories up for "votes of deletion":
See these six categories up for "votes of deletion":

Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and this one too: Categories_for_deletion

IZAK 10:10, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Opinion for IZAK
Please see Requests for arbitration/IZAK/Evidence. Thank you. IZAK 07:06, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Grossdeutschland again
You didn't reply to my message in August, you just demerged the content again. I've just remerged it and started a discussion on Talk:Grossdeutschland. Can we gain consensus as to where the "historical concept" content should live before we continue this edit war, please? :o) — OwenBlacker 15:11, Nov 11, 2004 (UTC)

Image:Augustus 01.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Augustus 01.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   17:54, Nov 11, 2004 (UTC)

Douglas MacArthur
Hi, General. :) There is a discussion over at the Reference desk over what Douglas MacArthur's middle name was. I was curious if you would happen to know. Thanks. func (talk) 06:30, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Wow, that was fast!
You're one speedy general, General, I'd only just nominated Restoration comedy on FAC! Thanks very much for the encouragement, it feels really good.--[[User:Bishonen|Bishonen (Talk)]] 14:54, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Info on image, please
Lupo 11:08, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The same applies to Image:Von Manstein 01.jpg, too. BTW, you wouldn't happen to know when these images were first published? I take it that they are German photographs. As I understand it, the copyright on photographs expires in Germany 50 years after the photograph has been taken (surely pre-1945, in this case) if it wasn't published within that time. If it was published within that time, the copyright expires 50 years after the initial publication. See §72(3) of the German "Urheberrechtsgesetz". Hence, if you can plausibly show that this image has been published before 1954 or was never published until 1996 (1945 + 51, add one as a safety margin), it would most probably be in the public domain by now. Lupo 11:23, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Erich von Manstein references
Hi, General, I saw some talk on FAC about the format of the references at Erich von Manstein. I'd be glad to format those for you in the standard way, if you like. Just say the word.--[[User:Bishonen|Bishonen (Talk)]] 00:26, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

He's baaa-ack!
Nikola. Kosovo. Ustase. Thank you. ;) Ambi 00:30, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Silkin
Thanks! -- Emsworth 03:21, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Forum for Encyclopedic Standards
I have drafted a proposal for a new voluntary association on Wikipedia (joining groups like the The Business and Economics Forum and the Harmonious editing club) to promote discussion of a sort of system of expert review on Wiki. Please take a look and add your ideas. 172 02:33, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Wonderful idea! I have joined. I will let some others know. Thank you. IZAK 03:31, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Arbitration matter of Avala is closed
1) The above findings of fact show that Avala has often worked against consensus and majority opinion. We therefore rule that Avala must follow the majority opinion of the users involved concerning any controversial edits that Avala makes. One specific consequence is that violations of the three revert rule are not permitted. This probation period will last for one month.

2) For a period of 3 months, should a serious dispute arise between Avala and other users with respect to editing of an article Avala is required to cite substantial authority supporting the position he is taking and either enter the dispute resolution process regarding the matter or drop the matter. A serious dispute is defined as one in which any party to the dispute has reverted the other 3 times or more. After Avala makes his third revert he shall cease editing the article with respect to the disputed matter until completion of the dispute resolution process. Resolution of the dispute in his favor shall require verification that the authority cited adequately supports the information he advocates including in the article. With respect to matters of taste such as size of templates he is required to defer to majority opinion.

3) Given the fact that Avala is now editing at a low rate, we reserve the right to revisit the conduct issue of this user once/if Avala starts to edit at an increased rate again and other users complain about Avala's conduct. This probation would last one year.

For principles, findings of fact, and enforcement see Requests for arbitration/Avala. --mav 21:49, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your kind encouragement
You've encouraged me to hang in there; and, since the Wikipedia project is useful and worthwhile, from time to time I'm sure I'll look in -- but my nerves, and the best use of my time, pull in the opposite direction. My main personal problems with Wikipedia are (1) the sheer magnitude of the effort; (2) the amount of nervous energy to effect even what seems to me the most ordinary change: I'm neither a fighter nor a political animal; (3) the amount of garbage being tossed into the pot, which lowers the credibility of the whole, and correcting which would be a full-time job; (4) the general flatness of the result — quite understandable since everything is reached by compromise.

Now I do have a site of my own; much narrower in scope, it means I can turn out an integrated set of (I hope!) carefully written, detailed pages with much less effort per page, and by my lights greater results for the Person Scouring The Web For Whatever It Is. There's so much, even within my own narrow areas of interest, that's not online yet, that I need to keep on plugging away at it.... Best, Bill 13:02, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

FAC
I don't feel that it is exactly the type of article I would support, but do not want to throw objections up at this late point. Neutral does not keep it from being featured, only objections do, so no, I am not ignoring the process. I have now struck out everything but the neutral, that will not hold the article up. The mention of the Commissar and Reichenau orders could be explained a bit inline for the uninformed. Also acting as if it was just any other army he fought for instead of the Nazi German one is where the whitewashing feeling of the article still seems to come from. I did not change the wording in the intro because that could be problematic, but since it links to Nazi Germany, it should probably say Nazi Germany. Feel free to move these comments to FAC if you like. - Taxman 13:56, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

Alchemy
Hi, I like the new lead picture on the alchemy article, but was puzzled by your choice of uploading Image:JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg to a new filename. I understood it was normal practice to overwrite images with their modified versions. Also there was some discussion on the previous image's talk page about the problems with excessive jpeg artifacts showing up when brightening the image. In any case, I've had another go at brightening the Joseph Wright painting whilst keeping the jpegs under check, which you might prefer over the current version. -- Solipsist 18:23, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, this is pretty much how Wright’s painting looks like when it comes to illumination . I’d use this if it wasn’t for the annoying compression artifacts that are even worse here. I do indent of adding a whole bunch of other illustrations and artwork, there's no shortage of that. GeneralPatton 19:16, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm, that's a bit of a problem. That example shows that the colour on the one we've got at the moment is way off. And the data just isn't there to correct it. I can do a bit to remove the moire from the levity.com version, but the arches end up looking a bit impressionistic, which doesn't really suit an 18th century painting. There is also this scan which is somewhere between the two, but also a bit dark and has its own set of problems. -- Solipsist 20:55, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I’ve taken a look on google, and sadly there isn’t one good reproduction of this great painting on the net. I did find some others that were nice. GeneralPatton 23:24, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I found the same thing when I googled. If you can force a reload on Image:JosephWright-Alchemist.jpg you should get a lighter version based on the levity.com scan which you suggested. I've partially removed the moire pattern, whilst trying to preserve the detail in the bottom right. Its not entirely successful - you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. Now I can't decide wheather I prefer it; on the one hand the colours are closer to true and it is relatively free of heavy jpg blocking, however the blurred top left looks impressionistic and hasn't totally irradicated the moire and overall there is less subtlety of detail and shading. -- Solipsist 00:07, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Greetings, Gen.
I see we have a mutual interest in the history of WW2 and its accompanying issues (specifically, as I noticed, Nazi Germany). I have been seeking a senior Wikipedian to be a mentor of sorts, if you are interested in showing me around the place (just a few tips here and there) I would be quite grateful.

My grandfather met your namesake in 1944 as part of the 8th Air Force, 3rd Army. Speaks very highly of him, and says the Patton of cinema (George C. Scott, of course) was a "dead ringer."

Look forward to talking/working with you. Paul 23:10, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

RFA
What I meant was, I don't think you've matured much since that quote of yours. Andre ( talk )A| 20:44, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think you understand at this point what adminship is about, based on your response to the bringing up of the quote. Andre ( talk )A| 21:15, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think you'd be a bad administrator, I'm just not confident enough in you to support. I'm most likely not going to change my vote this time around. Try again in a few months if you don't succeed. Andre ( talk )A| 21:30, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

Quotes and votes
After reviewing your explanation, I have moved my vote to neutral. Sorry, it's nothing personal, but I remembered that you had made that rather broad statement before, and I felt the issue needed to be addressed as part of the process. I didn't mean to hold that statement against you, recognizing that it was made a while ago and expressed on the spur of the moment. But given how explicit it was, I think it will prove better (if you do become an admin) that you have acknowledged making it and made clear that you have reconsidered. I much prefer this to people who say something once and then later say something completely different simply because it's convenient for them. --Michael Snow 22:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Adminship etc
I don't mean to be insulting, I just think that you often miss the boat on NPOV. Perhaps this is a language barrier, I don't know, but this is the English Wikipedia we are talking about, so intentionality hardly matters in comparison to results. This is not a personal insult, in the end things worked out but only after I sought outside confirmation, a real hassle for what (in English) was an obvious solution to me. As I said, I don't think it's a maliciousness on your part, perhaps just a haplessness, maybe because of language barriers. Either way, I stand by what I've written; take it as you will, it is not meant to be mean. --Fastfission 05:13, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That's the problem, you still don't get why that's a methodological problem, it just underscores what I am saying. It is not "how the Nazis see themselves" it is "a document posted by people who are likely neo-Nazis" which is not the same thing. If you posted the same document from a more trustworthy source it would be a different thing completely, but your insistence on this particular source as valid is emblematic of the problem I have. Sorry. --Fastfission 05:24, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Look, buddy, the fact that you can't seem to understand the reasons why I dislike your bid for adminship is again further evidence towards my interpretation. It isn't about calling names -- I could really care less if people want to call people silly names at times, to be honest, if the situation warrents it -- it's about fundamental problems relating to your ability to comprehend nuanced issues of point of view. The fact that you are going back and forth over and over again with my talk page simply because I disagree with your bid for adminship, trying in vain to convince me that your use of neo-Nazi sources was justified, that you never called me names (I never accused you of doing such a thing), etc. is more than enough to suggest to me that you lack the ability to exercise proper judgment in administrative matters. It's just one vote, and you'll note that at the end of it I simply advise people to look at your own comments for themselves and make their own judgments, and explain why I feel the way I do. Ease up a bit, it will make you seem more sensible. --Fastfission 20:20, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Map
Thanks for your feedback and for quick response on my talk page. I don't really know which greyish blue you meant so I used the same as on the Image:Royal Ducal.png map. I also added some towns to the south. I don't know the program you cited and I'm afraid that I'm not that much of a map geek so it might be somehow difficult for me to learn it, but I'll give it a try anyway. Do you have any other suggestions? [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 05:03, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

Battle of Berlin, Monty

 * ''I've seen offensive used more often than battle though. It really was a larger operation.

As the section has the title "The East German offensive" I think that the the sub-title "The battle of the Oder-Neisse" is more appropriate because it is about the bridge-head and breakout. Which involved very heavy fighting and was nothing like the crossing of the Rhine.

 * ''By the way, I really think its about time somebody makes Monty into a featured article, similar to what I’ve done over at Erich von Manstein. I think it would be crucial that an Englishman is involved, to avoid unfair shoots and give perspective. --08:5 0, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Monty is one of those people like Thatcher, where there are strong differing opinions in England. I personally come down on the mediocre general, and later a crackpot side of the fence, which seems to be the view of the current article Philip Baird Shearer 10:45, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Chuikov
I no longer edit non-Australian history articles, at least for a while. Adam 23:22, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following images:

 * Image:Decius.jpg
 * Image:Dietrich_in_color_01.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:12, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Untagged images
Hi! Thanks for uploading Image:PrinzEugen bw 01.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks, Kbh3rd 06:58, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Image:Me 262a color2.jpg
Please verify the origin and tag this one, too. Thanks. Kbh3rd 03:43, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Oh, and:
 * Image:Me262 bw 01.jpg
 * Image:Me262cockpit color.jpg

Untagged images
Hello. I was image tagging, when I came across Image:He162 color010.jpg. I was unable to determine the copyright status, so I tagged it as "unverified". Could you add a proper image copyright tag to it? Pictures without tags will eventually be deleted. Thanks, – Quadell (talk) (help) 21:06, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)

About tolerance, peace and harmony
(cur) (last) 01:35, 10 May 2004 GeneralPatton (vidi, vidi, srbo se brine za malog ivicu, vidi se ciji je... returned photo, not as bad as he is)

From Ivica Račan history comments.

From Wikiquette (read this) : ''Don't label or personally attack people or their edits. Terms like "racist," "sexist" or even "poorly written" make people defensive. This makes it hard to discuss articles productively''

title: User talk:GeneralPatton/Archive2


text:
Ashhurst

Ashhurst (Whārite) is a town and outlying suburb of Palmerston North, in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island.

Location
Ashhurst is sited 14 kilometres northeast of the Palmerston North city centre. The town stands under the Ruahine Ranges, beneath Wharite Peak, which is the most notable peak on the south end of the Ruahine Range, upon which is the television and radio transmitter.

Demographics
Ashhurst covers 4.21 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Ashhurst had a population of 2,934 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 285 people (10.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 501 people (20.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,074 households, comprising 1,428 males and 1,506 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female. The median age was 35.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 726 people (24.7%) aged under 15 years, 492 (16.8%) aged 15 to 29, 1,320 (45.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 396 (13.5%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 89.0% European/Pākehā, 18.6% Māori, 3.1% Pacific peoples, 2.8% Asian, and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 12.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.3% had no religion, 32.8% were Christian, 0.6% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.6% were Hindu, 0.1% were Buddhist and 1.4% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 384 (17.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 438 (19.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $34,300, compared with $31,800 nationally. 297 people (13.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,179 (53.4%) people were employed full-time, 294 (13.3%) were part-time, and 66 (3.0%) were unemployed.

Transport
Ashhurst's importance stems from its location at the western end of the Manawatū Gorge. As such, it was close to the easiest road and rail link between the east and west coasts of the southern North Island. However, the Gorge has been closed since April 2017 and the road link to the east coast from Ashhurst is now via Saddle Road.

There are four buses on weekdays and one on Saturdays linking Palmerston North with Ashhurst.

Parks and reserves

 * Ashhurst Domain – A large multipurpose park which includes a camping ground, a lookout to the wind farm, a cemetery and canine area.
 * Durham Street Reserve and McCraes Bush Reserve
 * Lincoln Park – The home ground to the local rugby team Ashhurst-Pohangina RFC

History
Ashhurst was named for Lord Henry Ashhurst, who owned land in the immediate area. The Māori name for the area is Raukawa, after the native aromatic plant ''Pseudopanax edgerleyi, whereas for the town it is Otangaki.

Former Ashhurst-Fitzherbert Ward
Ashhurst-Fitzherbert Ward was Palmerston North's largest ward covering the area from James Line to part way through the Manawatū Gorge, to just north of Ashhurst township. Wards were abolished in Palmerston North in 2013.

Central government

 * Rangitīkei is represented by New Zealand National Party MP Ian McKelvie.
 * Te Tai Hauāuru is represented by New Zealand Labour Party MP Adrian Rurawhe.

Education
Ashhurst School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of  as of.

Notable people

 * Andre Taylor, rugby player
 * Mark McGrath, darts player

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ashhurst


text:
Talk:Reach for the Top

Lisgar Tournament
Your high school Reach for the Top teams are cordially invited to the 2009 Lisgar Open on Saturday October 17th, 2009 at Lisgar Collegiate Institute in Ottawa, Ontario. The tournament is a NAQT and Reach for the Top hybrid, incorporating the best of both formats. It will run from 9 in the morning to 6 in the afternoon (tentative times), and snacks will be provided. Tournament fees are 50 dollars for a 4 person team and a ten dollar discount for teams that bring their own buzzers. Teams that come from out of town and any additional teams are 30 dollars. Come to the heart of the national capital to enjoy a fun day of Trivia!

N.B. That was a boilerplate message. I know this is during exam period for most of you guys, but it would be appreciated if you could talk to your coaches about participating. Since this is during 1st semester, try asking your coaches to form the team earlier if this is not the usual practice at your school.

Formal invitations will come in a few days, Spread the word!

Types of questions: List
Since the questions alternate between teams, one team can gain a maximum of 30 points from one of these. The fact that the question is worth 50 is true, but I don't think it conveys the proper message. I'm not sure that it's an important enough distinction to warrant a more in-depth explanation. Any ideas? Peter T.S. 03:43, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Actually, a team can gain 50 points if the opposition team fails to name a single part of the list. Example: Team A rings in correct. Team B fails to answer. Team A can then complete 4 more items of the list for the remaining 40 points. Andy Saunders 03:47, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

It can also apply if the first team jumps in and fails to get the first right answer, thus giving the second team a chance to get all five in a row. Also, when your team gives a wrong answer, you're out for the rest of the question, and when the other team makes a mistake, the remaining answers are revealed by the host (unless for various reasons such as time running short those answers are not revealed). MapleLeafFan04 00:12, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion: Spoiler Warnings
The local TV versions (and then the nationals) of "Reach for the Top" will be broadcasting soon (I believe the British Columbia season has already been taped), so I'm suggesting when the time comes a spoiler warning should be present. I fell victim to spoilers for the last two seasons (2003-04 and 2004-05; the latter for me didn't occur here but on the official "Reach" site). MapleLeafFan04 01:45, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Stub for Reach for the Top
The reason I put a stub for Reach for the Top is because it still needs formatting typical for a TV series, pictures if there are some available and other details that might be found from other contributers to Wikipedia. Jeopardy should be used as a possible template. jdobbin 20:06, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Notable Teams
That section looks almost like a vanity subsection to me, especially the second paragraph. God_ofcoffee 17:06, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah the second part was a little much (and earlier versions were mostly nonsense anyway). The first part seems okay though. Adam Bishop 03:36, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

The notable teams section should be expanded, perhaps with input from actual team members. A simple list doesn't do it justice. For example, the 1989-1990 team from Memorial High School was probably one of the strongest ever, yet merits only a quick listing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.89.194.227 (talk) 10:19, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Memorial beat champions from the US in an exhibition match - that is notable. I believe the greatest team is either Lorne Jenkins of the 70s (7 consecutive national finals appearances and a mention in the Canadian Encyclopedia) or UTS of the modern era (6? nationals appearances coming out of the perennially-tough Ontario playoffs). --Bdsmith (talk) 03:26, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

The Memorial team had a generational talent level. No one knows how they would have done against these other notable teams, but personally I can see them beating the recent UTS squads and it probably would have been by at least 50 points. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.41.88.226 (talk) 01:04, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

Trivia Citation
The show is indeed the longest running quiz show in Canada. In fact, it was one of the questions that was asked and answered correctly back in 2004 and aired on Canadian Learning Television.

Semantics
Reach for the Top is not primarily a game show. It is a competitive quiz league first, involving high schools from across Canada. The league experienced a long hiatus from television through much of the 80s and 90s, but it was still going strong. I was a member of the Saunders Secondary School team from 1994-98 but we never played a single televised match despite winning the nationals (sorry but I couldn't resist slipping that in). Anyways I am going to overhaul this page when I get a chance, unless there are any objections.
 * —Muckapædia 14e Nov 2006, 16h (GMT+9h00)

Responding to the recent suggestion in the edit summary
I have to disagree with the suggestion made by the user in the recent edit summary. As Muckapedia says above, I feel that Reach is competitive quiz league first, television series second. If the league's champion has officially been declared, we should post it. Would you refrain from posting the outcome of a sporting event if it was tape-delayed six months? What do others think? Andy Saunders 11:31, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

There really is a very weak case for not revealing the champion. In any other sport (including chess competitions and other trivia     games) the champion is revealed despite tape delays or other mitigating factors. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ChuckWarren (talk • contribs) 02:07, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Neg 5s?
I watched a match from the 06-07 Nationals and noticed that teams were deducted 5 points for interrupting the reader with an incorrect response. Is this a new league-wide rule (but doesn't appear on their website), or was it a one-time thing? In the past, Reach has introduced new rules (shootouts, relays, etc.) during the higher-level tournaments, not at the start of a year. --Bdsmith (talk) 14:55, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Lisgar's "controversial" win
An anonymous edit said Lisgar's 2008 victory by 5 points was the result of a "controversial" decision. I removed it until I know what this "controversy" is. I am under the impression that the game was won as a result of too many point penalties by UTS- which is not controversial in itself. Even so, there are far worse controversies in Reach than just having the title in dispute. Bell students and Reach went to court in 1995 because Reach barred the defending champs from playing at provincials. --Bdsmith (talk) 18:09, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Response: The controversy was a result of a review of the tapes by the Reach for the Top officials as a result of a challenge from the UTS team. The issue was that it appeared as if a member of the UTS team buzzed in before the final horn, which would have allowed him to finish his answer. In the end, the judge's ruling was against this. Despite the ruling, many who attended the tournament continued to doubt the results. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.161.51.2 (talk) 19:26, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Response 2: Regarding the "controversy", in the Final Snappers round the clock hits zero and the horn (which is manually activated) goes off one or two seconds afterwards. It's not audible on the studio floor because of the commotion that surrounds the final moments of the game, but on the tape the horn (which is more like a siren) does begin to sound a fraction of a second before the UTS team buzzes in. Diplomatic08 (talk) 05:25, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Response 3: Witnessing the event unfold from the perspective of the studio audience, the horn was indeed audible and the person in charge of sounding it timed it well so it would sound in sync with the end of the time. Even if in fact the time ended after the UTS player buzzed in,it does not change the fact that it was a highly difficult call. Furthermore, it caused plenty of doubts and questions to be voiced by the other teams that participated in the tournament which is why calling the win "controversial" is important. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.78.99.229 (talk) 18:11, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The decision was not controversial. If the judges reviewed the tape, and decided in favour of Lisgar, it must have been a fair decision. Either way, the producers had little to lose either way. If it was on tape, and time ran out on tape, then its not controversial, it just what happened. Calling it controversial is hinting that something went wrong, or Lisgar played unfairly. It simply violates Neutral point of view. I'm not against explaining the facts (buzz in time/reviewing the tape), but calling it "controversial" is demeaning. --Patar knight - chat/contributions 22:41, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Calling it "controversial" without a reference is improper; I've removed it until a reference is added. Additionally, that is not the proper place in the article for mentioning any such controversy. Andy Saunders (talk) 22:47, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Response 4: I hope this post can put some final clarification on the call. There were 5 to 7 people in the booth who reviewed the tape, and carefully analyzed the timing of the horn -- which was NOT synched to the end of the clock. The siren begins very quietly and rises in volume (this is what the audience heard) ... the loudest point of the siren does occur after the UTS team buzzes in. However, the quietest part of the siren (which was inaudible to the crowd) began just a split second before UTS buzzed in. There may have been some confusion in the audience because 1) it happened so fast and 2) they did not see the replay in studio.

 * However, from the position of the video review booth, this was a very easy decision to make (both the clock and the siren beat the buzz-in). Congratulations to both Lisgar and UTS ... they are great players who clearly earned their place in the National Championship. 64.229.177.96 (talk) 01:46, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

OK, stop these asterisks. I can think of at least three other situations which could require an asterisk: 1989 Tagwi won because Mount Douglas was denied their answer of "cabbage" being the main ingredient of borscht - which is true for some varieties (Chinese, Mennonite); 1995 saw a qualifier (Lisgar) denied the chance to compete because Bell won their court injunction; 2001 Gloucester had a 20-year-old; etc. We don't need these asterisks. Lisgar won, and the timing issue was resolved in Edmonton. Why don't you argue that the Lisgar team was supposed to be in Chicago at the time... --Bdsmith (talk) 21:59, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Expressing the opinion that the win wasn't controversial doesn't make it so. This discussion alone proves it was controversial.This isn't going away, despite what some seem to want.

Lisgars win that year deserves a huge asterisk. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.89.211.227 (talk) 10:25, 29 April 2012 (UTC)

No it doesn't. ;) 65.95.112.155 (talk)

It would be better if the Reach brass just admitted they blew a call that year. I've watched it a million times, the answer is given before the buzzer sounds, even if it has some inaudible component that no one can hear without an instrument amplifier, as claimed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.103.249.246 (talk) 02:55, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

If you weren't in the audio booth that day, how can you actually claim that they blew the call? How are you certain that your audio equipment is any better than that in the studio? How is it really in Reach's interest to throw the national final (for whatever reason)? Why are we still theorizing about something that happened 6+ years ago?

title: Talk:Reach for the Top


text:
Talk:U.K. Subs

Cleanup
This band seems notable, based on some quick Google searching. Perhaps someone more familiar with them can replace this massive (already getting a warning for >32k) unwikified text dump with an actual article? Dave6 05:32, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Vote for Deletion
This article survived a Vote for Deletion. The discussion can be found here. -Splash 02:00, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Metal Influence?
In the early 1980s, the songs took on a more heavy metal influence? I'm not sure that this statement is true....

sales
It always surprises me how people talk about sales in these punk band articles. Daft.

Name correction
This band is called "U.K. Subs", not "The U.K. Subs". I'll correct it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.147.211.109 (talk) 21:44, 16 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:U.K. Subs


text:
Mitsubishi Orion engine

The Mitsubishi Orion or 4G1 engine is a series of inline-four internal combustion engines introduced by Mitsubishi Motors in around 1977, along with the Astron, Sirius, and Saturn. It was first introduced in the Colt and Colt-derived models in 1978. Displacement ranges from 1244 to 1584 cc.

4G11
The 4G11 displaces 1244 cc with a bore and stroke of 69.5x82 mm.

Applications:
 * Mitsubishi Colt/Mirage A151A
 * 1977.04-1979.03 Mitsubishi Lancer A141A
 * 1979.03-1985.02 Mitsubishi Lancer Van A141V/A148V
 * 1979.11-1983 Mitsubishi Lancer EX A171A

4G12
The 4G12 (also known as the G11B) displaces 1410 cc with a bore and stroke of 74x82 mm. 4G12 was the first to feature Mitsubishi's MD (modulated displacement) technology, a form of variable displacement which shut off two cylinders during light load and at low speeds. The 4G12 was not offered by Mitsubishi with fuel injection. This engine is fairly outdated compared to its counterparts that were used in the later Lancers.

Applications:
 * Mitsubishi Colt/Mirage A152A
 * 1978.04-1979.03 Mitsubishi Lancer A142A
 * 1979.03-1985.02 Mitsubishi Lancer Van A142V/A149V
 * 1978.04-1981.07 Mitsubishi (Lancer) Celeste A142
 * Mitsubishi Lancer EX A172A
 * Mitsubishi Tredia/Cordia A211
 * Dodge/Plymouth Colt
 * Plymouth Champ

4G12T
This is the turbocharged version of the 4G12, uses a TC-04 turbocharger from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The diameter of the blades in this charger is rather small, at 49 mm, and it spins at 90,000 rpm to provide 0.53 bar of boost. This increased power and torque by about 30 and 25 percent respectively. The Japanese-specification version of this engine produces 105 PS at 5,500 rpm and 15.5 kgm of torque at 3,000 rpm.

4G13
The SOHC, 12 & 16 valve 4G13 displaces 1298 cc and produces 75-85 PS with a bore and stroke of 71x82 mm. In the Gulf Countries, 90 PS gross at 6000 rpm is claimed on the mitsubishi lancer CB1. The 4G13 engine has been produced by Dongan Mitsubishi Motors Engine Manufacturing, in Harbin, China since September 1998.

 * Mitsubishi Carisma
 * Mitsubishi Colt / Mirage / Lancer (1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 2000)
 * Mitsubishi Dingo
 * Great Wall Florid
 * Great Wall Voleex C30
 * Hyundai Excel
 * Mitsubishi Space Star
 * CMC Veryca 1.3
 * Proton Saga (C20)
 * Proton Wira / Persona (C90)
 * Proton Satria / Persona Compact (C90)
 * Zotye 2008 / Nomad
 * Emgrand GL
 * Brilliance BS2
 * Heyue Tongyue / JAC A13 / JAC J3
 * 2014–2017 Emgrand EC7

4G15

The SOHC 4G15 displaces 1468 cc with a bore and stroke of 75.5x82 mm. A version of the 4G15 was produced with gasoline multi-port fuel injection. It has approximately 94 hp-metric on the 1993 Mirage model. The DOHC 4G15 produces 109 hp with 137 Nm of torque. Another DOHC version was combined with GDI fuel injection and delivers 100 hp-metric and 137 Nm of torque. A DOHC MIVEC turbo variant of the engine is also still in production to date (4G15T), serving in the Mitsubishi Colt series, offering 165 hp-metric on the latest Colt Version-R (with exhaust enhancement). The most powerful version of this engine is found in the Colt CZT Ralliart (special model in Switzerland) with a total output of 197 hp. When installed in the Smart ForFour Brabus, the engine received the Mercedes-Benz engine code M122 E15 AL.

The 4G15 is known as one of the longest living Japanese engines ever produced where new variants of the engine are still being produced and used in Chinese cars since 2005. The 4G15 engine has been produced by Dongan Mitsubishi Motors Engine Manufacturing in Harbin, China. And also the new engines have been produced by GAC Mitsubishi Motors, a joint venture from the Hunan province in southern China, since April 2017.

 * Mitsubishi Colt / Mirage / Lancer (1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 2000)
 * 1989–1995 Mitsubishi Mirage (US) (early design: timing belt on driver's side)
 * 1996–2002 Mitsubishi Mirage (US) (later design: engine rotated 180* timing belt on passenger side)
 * 1988–1995 Dodge Colt (early design: timing belt on driver's side)
 * 1988–1996 Eagle Summit (early design: timing belt on driver's side)
 * 1986-1994 Hyundai Excel (US) (early design: timing belt on driver's side)
 * 1987–1992 Proton Saga (C20)
 * 1993–2009 Proton Wira / Persona (C90)
 * 1994–2005 Proton Satria / Persona Compact (C90)
 * 1998–2003 Mitsubishi Dingo
 * 2002–2009 Proton Arena / Jumbuck
 * 2004–2006 Smart Forfour Brabus (Turbo)
 * 2005–2010 BYD F3 (4G15S, EFI, distributor-less ignition)
 * 2005–2019 Mitsubishi Colt T120SS MPi (Indonesia, 86 PS). It replaced the 1.3-litre 4G17 in the T120SS in March 2005.
 * 2005–2009 Mitsubishi Maven
 * 2007–2015 Great Wall Cowry
 * 2008–2013 Great Wall Florid
 * 2008–2009 Soueast V3 Lingyue
 * 2008–2010 Zotye 2008 / Nomad
 * 2009–2014 BYD G3
 * 2009–2013 Youngman Lotus L3
 * 2010–2016 Great Wall Voleex C30
 * 2011–present Haval H6/Haval H6 Sport
 * 2012–2016 Great Wall Voleex C50
 * 2012–2017 Haval H1
 * 2014–2016 Geely MK
 * 2015–present Haval H6/Haval H6 Sport Haval H6 Coupe
 * 2016–present Haval H2
 * 2016–present Yusheng S330
 * 2017–present Zotye T300
 * 2018–present Zotye T500
 * 2018–present Zotye T600
 * Geely Yuanjing X3
 * Changan CS35
 * 2009–present Emgrand EC7

SOHC 8-valve (4G15)
This version of the 4G15 is a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) 8-valve, carburetor type engine. It is an in-line four with a compact type combustion chamber. The engine's advertised power was 77 PS (DIN) and 127 Nm of torque.

The engine is an analogue of the Mitsubishi G15B in terms of the engine mechanical specifications except for the valve timing. The G13B is also equipped with jet valves and jet springs.

SPECIFICATIONS:

Total displacement: 1468 cc

Bore x Stroke: 75.5x82 mm

Compression Ratio: 9.4:1

SOHC 12-valve (4G15)
A 12-valve version (two intake and one exhausts per cylinder) of the 1468 cc 4G15 engine. It entered production in 1989, for the third generation Mitsubishi Mirage/Lancer. It was available with a carburettor or fuel injection, producing 85 or in Japanese market trim at the time of introduction. Later, a natural gas-powered version was added and in 1991 a new lean-burn technology called "Mitsubishi Vertical Vortex" (MVV) was introduced on this engine.

4G16
The 4G16 displaces 1198 cc from a 68.2x82 mm bore and stroke. This engine was mainly offered in European markets, where it suited local tax regulations.

Applications:
 * Mitsubishi Colt/Mirage
 * Mitsubishi Lancer

4G17
The 4G17 displaces 1343 cc. It is a SOHC 12-valve engine. Bore and stroke is 72.2x82 mm. Output of a carbureted version is 78 PS at 6,000 rpm and 10.9 kgm of torque at 3,500 rpm.

Applications:
 * 1991-2005 Mitsubishi Colt T120SS (Indonesia); production stopped due to Euro 2 emission standard that requires usage of gasoline-direct injection system, engine control unit / module (ECU/ECM), and catalytic converter usage.

4G18
The SOHC 4G18 displaces 1584 cc with a bore and stroke of 76x87.3 mm. It is a 4-valve per cylinder engine, which produces from 98 PS to 110 PS  with 150 Nm (European specifications). It uses a COP (Coil-On-Plug, also known as Plug-top coil) ignition rely on one coil to fire two cylinders, one of which was by spark plug wire. The 4G18 engine has been produced by Dongan Mitsubishi Motors Engine Manufacturing, in Harbin, China since April 2010.

 * Mitsubishi Colt Plus (Taiwan)
 * Mitsubishi Kuda
 * Mitsubishi Lancer
 * Mitsubishi Space Star
 * 2010-2011 Foton Midi
 * Hafei Saima
 * Proton Waja
 * Zotye 2008 / Nomad / Hunter / T200, 2007-2009 78 kW
 * 2005-2010 BYD F3
 * Hafei Saibao
 * Foton Midi
 * MPM Motors PS160
 * Brilliance BS2
 * Brilliance BS4
 * Landwind X6
 * Zotye T600
 * Zotye T700
 * Mitsubishi Lancer (China)
 * Soueast Lioncel
 * Haima Haifuxing
 * Tagaz Aquila 2013 to 2014
 * 2009–2013 Emgrand EC7
 * Mitsubishi Pajero iO (3-door pre-facelift, Australia)

4G19
The DOHC MIVEC 4G19 displaces 1.3–litres and features four valves per cylinder. It produces 90 PS at 5,600 rpm and 121 Nm of torque at 4,250 rpm. It was introduced in 2002, powering the then-new Mitsubishi Colt.

Applications:
 * Mitsubishi Colt

title: Mitsubishi Orion engine


text:
Minorities Research Group

The Minorities Research Group (MRG) (est. 1963) was the first organisation to openly advocate the interests of lesbians in the United Kingdom. It was founded by four women who got together in response to an article that was published in the magazine Twentieth Century. The group published the Minorities Research Group Newsletter, and went on to publish its own lesbian magazine called Arena Three that provided a lifeline to remote lesbians around the country.

The aims of the MRG were quoted as to "collaborate in research into the homosexual condition, especially as it concerns women; and to disseminate information to those genuinely in the quest of enlightenment". Esme Langley, one of the group's key founders, was insistent that it should focus on research and be inclusive of heterosexuals and supportive of lesbian individuals. As well as lesbians, its members included social workers, psychiatrists and writers such as Iris Murdoch.

The beginning
MRG was founded by Esme Langley. She was the editor, and working with her on the magazine were Diana Chapman, Cynthia Reid, Julie Switsur and Patricia Dunkley. The group was prompted by the article "A quick look at lesbians" by the journalist Dilys Rowe in late 1962. Although it would appear condemning in the present day, it discussed serious issues with interviews and quotations, and it prompted an interest in research into lesbian (and bisexual) lives. This research concept continued throughout the existence of the Minorities Research Group, which also provided a central point for formerly disparate individuals and information. Ultimately, the MRG provided education, support and opportunities to socialise for lesbians nationwide.

In the media
Many MRG members were also members of the Gateways club in Chelsea, London, which featured in the film The Killing of Sister George. The Arena Three publication and the benefits of MRG membership were regularly promoted inside amongst its clientele and group meetings were sometimes held there.

Other group members were located through small classified advertisements placed in British newspapers such as The Daily Telegraph. At first, many newspapers thought that their content was too offensive and refused to publish their adverts. The first to accept their adverts was The Sunday Times in May 1964 after it ran an article on the MRG.

A further two articles were published in The Guardian and the News of the World later that year. This prompted a rush of enquiries and boosted membership from all over the country. Many of the members were married and had to get their husbands' written consent before they could join.

In 1964, Esme Langley was interviewed by a psychiatrist for a late night Welsh television program. Shortly afterwards a documentary was made for This Week, the first national British television program on lesbians. This was broadcast on 7 January 1965, which featured several MRG members.

Initially, the group had quite an impact on the press and on television which elevated the status of lesbians into something that could be discussed in ordinary society. Many women, including Esme Langley, volunteered to be interviewed and photographed for this purpose, risking loss of employment, abuse and loss of family connections.

In 1971 a third television program about lesbians was made by Brigid Segrave called The important thing is love. This program also featured eight women from the MRG and was considered important as it was the first time that the women faced the camera without their identities being hidden.

Group politics

At one of the group debates in August 1964, a record 70 women turned up to discuss 'the freedom of dress'. This took place in a room above the Shakespeare's Head in Carnaby Street. Many of the women had been objecting to some women wearing the 'butch' attire of a suit and tie to meetings. This eventually led to long-term social divisions within the group where butch women became excluded.

The Shakespeare's Head also had another function as the home of the MRG lending library and reading group. Much of the lesbian literature of the time was not available through book stores and public libraries, so the MRG library was an invaluable resource of largely donated books and publications. This library was eventually passed to lesbian social network Kenric in 1966.

The Minorities Research group had an active relationship with the American equivalent of the time period, Daughters of Bilitis.

Some of the MRG members wanted to steer away from research to improve the social aspects of the group. They went on to found the still running Kenric in 1965.

Arena Three
The Minorities Research Group was responsible for producing the monthly journal Arena Three, which was Britain's first lesbian and bisexual women's publication. This publication was produced from 1963 to 1972 and at its peak, it was distributed by mail order to approximately 500-600 subscribers. Arena Three was not available in the shops and was entirely funded by Esme Langley, some advertising and its subscribers.

Arena Three was largely written by the same group of women and was often accused of being too middle class. It graduated from a type-written newsletter to a full glossy magazine by 1971. Maureen Duffy and Jackie Forster became regular contributors. A recent review of the magazine by Brighton Ourstory describes its contents as including letters from women around the country discussing local dances, events and the gay and lesbian politics of the day.

Esme Langley
Esme Langley (1919–1992) was the founder, secretary and driving force of the Minorities Research Group. She was responsible for editing and producing the Mainland and Arena Three magazines. She also appeared in several early documentaries about lesbians, including The important thing is love, released in 1971.

Esme worked as a secretary and was working in the field of magazine publishing at the time when she started MRG. She raised her eldest son on her own without ever being married, which was an unusual thing to do at the time. In 1958 she wrote a semi-autobiographical book called Why Should I be Dismayed under the pseudonym of Ann Bruce, which describes her life from being in the A.T.S in occupied Germany to being a single parent and living in the conservative post Second World War era.

The end
After the legalisation of male homosexuality in the UK with the implementation of the Sexual Offences Act 1967 other more political organisations had appeared, such as the Campaign for Homosexual Equality which focuses on equal rights for all homosexuals. These superseded the objectives of Minorities Research Group and helped bring about its demise and evolution.

The MRG ended with the final issue of Arena Three, which was published in March 1972. Former group member Jackie Forster went on to start Sappho magazine in the same year. Jackie also went on to become an Executive member of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality and the Gay Liberation Front along with other former MRG members such as Maureen Duffy.

Notable members

 * Jackie Forster was a broadcaster, an active member and wrote for Arena Three.
 * Maureen Duffy wrote for Arena Three and wrote The Microcosm.
 * Barbara Bell was the South Coast representative for MRG, as described in her biography Just Take Your Frock Off.

Reference articles
In summary, the article "A Quick Look at Lesbians by Dilys Rowe" (Winter 1962–1963) was based on an interview with three self-confessed "homosexual women" and a female doctor who specialised in marriage guidance. The article focused on the largely invisible lives of lesbians in society at the time and their relationships with their mother and father. It proposed that lesbians reported growing up in families where they had a weak father and a dominant mother and that they had failed to emotionally bond with their fathers during their formative years.

Following on from this, a research article that was compiled with the help of the Minorities Research Group was "On the Genesis of Female Homosexuality by E. Bene" for the British Journal of Psychiatry, September 1965, pp. 815–21. This included further research into the parental relationship by sampling 37 lesbians from the group and 80 married women. The results also pointed towards lesbians having a poor relationship with their fathers.

title: Minorities Research Group


text:
Mitsubishi Saturn engine

The Mitsubishi Saturn or 4G3 engine is series of overhead camshaft (OHC) straight-four internal combustion engines introduced by Mitsubishi Motors and saw first service in the 1969 Colt Galant. Displacement ranges from 1239 to 1755 cc, although there was also a rare 1994 cc inline-six version built from 1970 until 1976. The early versions have chain driven valvetrain while the later versions are belt driven and equipped with balance shafts.

4G30
The 4G30 displaces 1289 cc. It is an 8-valve SOHC design with an aluminium head and iron block. The engine has five main bearings. Power was 87 hp.

Bore x Stroke: 73x77 mm

Applications

 * 1969.12-1971.09 Mitsubishi Galant A I (A51)

4G31
The 4G31 displaces 1499 cc. It is an 8-valve SOHC design with an aluminium head and iron block. The engine has five main bearings. Power was 95-105 hp depending on which carburetor combo was used. An updated version with central-point electronic fuel injection was installed in Mirages and Lancers from 1986 on. A version for industrial use has 37 PS at 3000 rpm.

Bore x Stroke: 74.5x86 mm

Applications

 * 1969.12 – 1971.09 Mitsubishi Galant A II, A III (A52)
 * 1986–1987 Mitsubishi Mirage
 * Mitsubishi FG20 Forklift

4G32
In 1970, the 4G32 was introduced, and it displaces 1597 cc. It is an eight-valve SOHC design with an aluminium head and iron block. The engine has five main bearings, a cross flow head and a single down draught carburetor. Firing order is 1-3-4-2. The GSR versions used two twin-barrel Mikuni-built Solex carburetors for a total of 110 hp (SAE).

A version with an early iteration of Mitsubishi's MCA lean-burn system (MCA-IIB), fulfilling the intermediate Japanese exhaust regulations for 1975, was called G32A. This was built for less than one year, as the new MCA engine arrived in November 1975. Those with the later, cleaner yet, "MCA-Jet" system were called G32B. Later, the G32B also came in a fuel injected, turbocharged model. For competition, a version of the 4G32 engine was made with a DOHC eight-valve cylinder head, and fitted with two twin-choke 40 mm Solex sidedraft carburettors.

Bore x Stroke: 77x86 mm

 * Mitsubishi Celeste
 * Mitsubishi Galant
 * Mitsubishi L200
 * Mitsubishi L300
 * 1973.02 – 1979.03 Mitsubishi Lancer (A73A)
 * 1977.06 – 1979.03 Mitsubishi Lancer (A144A, G32B)
 * 1975.03 – 1979.06 Mitsubishi (Lancer) Celeste (A73A)
 * 1975.03 – 1975.11 Mitsubishi (Lancer) Celeste (A77A, G32A)
 * 1977.07 – 1981.07 Mitsubishi (Lancer) Celeste (A144, G32B)
 * 1980–1987 Mitsubishi Lancer EX (A174A)
 * Mitsubishi Galant Lambda/Sapporo
 * Mitsubishi Sigma
 * Mitsubishi Sapporo
 * Mitsubishi Cordia
 * Mitsubishi Tredia
 * Mitsubishi Mirage
 * Dodge Colt
 * Eagle Vista Turbo
 * Hyundai Pony
 * Hyundai Stellar
 * Mazda Familia
 * Plymouth Arrow

4G32T
Turbocharged version of the 4G32.

4G33
The 4G3 displaces 1440 cc from a 73x86 mm bore and stroke. There was also an MCA-Jet equipped G33B developed to fulfill the 1978 Japanese emissions regulations.

 * Mitsubishi Celeste
 * 1979.06-1989.01 Mitsubishi Delica
 * Mitsubishi Galant
 * 1973.02-1977.06 Mitsubishi Lancer (A72A)
 * 1977.06-1978.04 Mitsubishi Lancer (A143A, G33B)
 * 1973.09-1979.03 Mitsubishi Lancer (A72V)
 * 1975.03-1977.06 Mitsubishi (Lancer) Celeste (A72A)
 * 1977.07-1978.03 Mitsubishi (Lancer) Celeste (A143, G33B)
 * Hyundai Pony
 * Hyundai Stellar
 * Plymouth Arrow
 * Mitsubishi FG15T Forklift (1979)

4G35
The 4G35 displaces 1686 cc. It is an 8-valve SOHC design with an aluminium head and iron block. The engine has five main bearings. Power was 105-115 hp depending on which carburetor combo was used.

Bore x Stroke: 79x86 mm

Applications:
 * 1973.01-1973.06 Mitsubishi Galant GS (A55)
 * 1972.02-1976 Mitsubishi Galant GTO (A55C)

4G36
The 4G36 displaces 1239 cc. 73x74 mm bore and stroke.

Applications:
 * Mitsubishi Celeste
 * Mitsubishi Colt
 * Mitsubishi Lancer

4G37
The 8-valve SOHC 4G37 displaces 1755 cc.

Bore x Stroke: 80.6x86 mm

Compression Ratio: 9.5:1

Applications: By other brands:
 * Mitsubishi Chariot/Space Wagon 1983–91
 * Mitsubishi Cordia
 * Mitsubishi Galant
 * Mitsubishi Eclipse 1990–1994
 * Mitsubishi Lancer/Lancer Fiore/Mirage - 4WD only
 * Mitsubishi Tredia
 * Eagle Talon DL 1993–1994
 * Plymouth Laser 1990–1994

6G34
The 6G34, referred to by Mitsubishi as the Saturn 6, is a 12-valve SOHC straight-6 of 1994 cc displacement.

The 6G34 was used only in the Mitsubishi Debonair Executive from September 1970 to June 1976, and saw very limited production. Effectively, the design was that of the standard Saturn four-cylinder block with two additional cylinders grafted on to replace the KE64.

Applications:
 * Mitsubishi Debonair 1970.09-1976.06 (Japan only)

title: Mitsubishi Saturn engine


text:
Transposase

A transposase is any of a class of enzymes capable of binding to the end of a transposon and catalysing its movement to another part of a genome, typically by a cut-and-paste mechanism or a replicative mechanism, in a process known as transposition. The word "transposase" was first coined by the individuals who cloned the enzyme required for transposition of the Tn3 transposon. The existence of transposons was postulated in the late 1940s by Barbara McClintock, who was studying the inheritance of maize, but the actual molecular basis for transposition was described by later groups. McClintock discovered that some segments of chromosomes changed their position, jumping between different loci or from one chromosome to another. The repositioning of these transposons (which coded for color) allowed other genes for pigment to be expressed. Transposition in maize causes changes in color; however, in other organisms, such as bacteria, it can cause antibiotic resistance. Transposition is also important in creating genetic diversity within species and generating adaptability to changing living conditions.

Transposases are classified under EC number EC 2.7.7. Genes encoding transposases are widespread in the genomes of most organisms and are the most abundant genes known. During the course of human evolution, as much as 40% of the human genome has moved around via methods such as transposition of transposons.

Transposase Tn5
Transposase (Tnp) Tn5 is a member of the RNase superfamily of proteins which includes retroviral integrases. Tn5 can be found in Shewanella and Escherichia bacteria. The transposon codes for antibiotic resistance to kanamycin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Tn5 and other transposases are notably inactive. Because DNA transposition events are inherently mutagenic, the low activity of transposases is necessary to reduce the risk of causing a fatal mutation in the host, and thus eliminating the transposable element. One of the reasons Tn5 is so unreactive is because the N- and C-termini are located in relatively close proximity to one another and tend to inhibit each other. This was elucidated by the characterization of several mutations which resulted in hyperactive forms of transposases. One such mutation, L372P, is a mutation of amino acid 372 in the Tn5 transposase. This amino acid is generally a leucine residue in the middle of an alpha helix. When this leucine is replaced with a proline residue the alpha helix is broken, introducing a conformational change to the C-terminal domain, separating it from the N-terminal domain enough to promote higher activity of the protein. The transposition of a transposon often needs only three pieces: the transposon, the transposase enzyme, and the target DNA for the insertion of the transposon. This is the case with Tn5, which uses a cut-and-paste mechanism for moving around transposons.

Tn5 and most other transposases contain a DDE motif, which is the active site that catalyzes the movement of the transposon. Aspartate-97, aspartate-188, and glutamate-326 make up the active site, which is a triad of acidic residues. The DDE motif is said to coordinate divalent metal ions, most often magnesium and manganese, which are important in the catalytic reaction. Because transposase is incredibly inactive, the DDE region is mutated so that the transposase becomes hyperactive and catalyzes the movement of the transposon. The glutamate is transformed into an aspartate and the two aspartates into glutamates. Through this mutation, the study of Tn5 becomes possible, but some steps in the catalytic process are lost as a result.

There are several steps which catalyze the movement of the transposon, including Tnp binding, synapsis (the creation of a synaptic complex), cleavage, target capture, and strand transfer. Transposase then binds to the DNA strand and creates a clamp over the transposon end of the DNA and inserts into the active site. Once the transposase binds to the transposon, it produces a synaptic complex in which two transposases are bound in a cis/trans relationship with the transposon.

In cleavage, the magnesium ions activate oxygen from water molecules and expose them to nucleophilic attack. This allows the water molecules to nick the 3' strands on both ends and create a hairpin formation, which separates the transposon from the donor DNA. Next, the transposase moves the transposon to a suitable location. Not much is known about the target capture, although there is a sequence bias which has not yet been determined. After target capture, the transposase attacks the target DNA nine base pairs apart, resulting in the integration of the transposon into the target DNA.

As mentioned before, due to the mutations of the DDE, some steps of the process are lost—for example, when this experiment is performed in vitro, and SDS heat treatment denatures the transposase. However, it is still uncertain what happens to the transposase in vivo.

The study of transposase Tn5 is of general importance because of its similarities to HIV-1 and other retroviral diseases. By studying Tn5, much can also be discovered about other transposases and their activities.

Tn5 is utilized in genome sequencing by using the Tn5 to append sequencing adaptors and fragment the DNA in a single enzymatic reaction in 2010, reducing the time and input requirements over traditional next-generation sequencing library preparation. The Tn5-based strategy can simplify the library preparation protocol significantly and can even can be incorporated into the direct colony-PCR for large numbers of bacterial isolates with no obvious coverage bias. The main disadvantages are less control of fragmented size compared to enzymatic fragmentation and mechanical fragmentation, and a bias toward high G-C content. This means of library preparation is also used in the ATAC-seq technique.

Sleeping Beauty transposase
The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase is the recombinase that drives the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. SB transposase belongs to the DD[E/D] family of transposases, which in turn belong to a large superfamily of polynucleotidyl transferases that includes RNase H, RuvC Holliday resolvase, RAG proteins, and retroviral integrases. The SB system is used primarily in vertebrate animals for gene transfer, including gene therapy, and gene discovery. The engineered SB100X is an enzyme that directs the high levels of transposon integration.

Tn7 transposon
The Tn7 transposon is a mobile genetic element found in many prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), and was first discovered as a DNA sequence in bacterial chromosomes and naturally occurring plasmids that encoded resistance to the antibiotics trimethoprim and streptomycin. Specifically classified as a transposable element (transposon), the sequence can duplicate and move itself within a genome by utilizing a self-encoded recombinase enzyme called a transposase, resulting in effects such as creating or reversing mutations and changing genome size. The Tn7 transposon has developed two mechanisms to promote its propagation among prokaryotes. Like many other bacterial transposons, Tn7 transposes at low-frequency and inserts into many different sites with little to no site-selectivity. Through this first pathway, Tn7 is preferentially directed into conjugable plasmids, which can be replicated and distributed between bacteria. However, Tn7 is unique in that it also transposes at high-frequency into a single specific site in bacterial chromosomes called attTn7. This specific sequence is an essential and highly conserved gene found in many strains of bacteria. However, the recombination is not deleterious to the host bacterium as Tn7 actually transposes downstream of the gene after recognizing it, resulting in a safe way to propagate the transposon without killing the host. This highly evolved and sophisticated target-site selection pathway suggests this pathway evolved to promote coexistence between the transposon and it host, as well as Tn7's successful transmission into future generations of bacterium.

The Tn7 transposon is 14 kb long and codes for five enzymes. The ends of the DNA sequence consists of two segments that the Tn7 transposase interacts with during recombination. The left segment (Tn7-L) is 150 bp long and the right sequence (Tn7-R) is 90 bp long. Both ends of the transposon contain a series of 22 bp binding sites that the Tn7 transposase recognizes and binds to. Within the transposon are five discrete genes encoding for proteins that make up the transposition machinery. In addition, the transposon contains an integron, a DNA segment containing several cassettes of genes encoding for antibiotic-resistance.

The Tn7 transposon codes for five proteins: TnsA, TnsB, TnsC, TnsD, and TnsE. TnsA and TnsB interact together to form the Tn7 transposase enzyme TnsAB. The enzyme specifically recognizes and binds to the ends of the DNA sequence of the transposon, and excises it by introducing double-stranded DNA breaks to each end. The excised sequence is then inserted to another target DNA site. Much like other characterized transposons, the mechanism for Tn7 transposition involves cleavage of the 3' ends from the donating DNA by the TnsA protein of the TnsAB transposase. However, Tn7 is also uniquely cleaved near the 5' ends, about 5 bp from the 5' end towards the Tn7 transposon, by the TnsB protein of TnsAB. After the insertion of the transposon into the target DNA site, the 3' ends are covalently linked to the target DNA, but the 5 bp gaps are still present at the 5' ends. As a result, repair of these gaps leads to a further 5 bp duplication at the target site. The TnsC protein interacts with the transposase enzyme and the target DNA to promote the excision and insertion processes. The ability of TnsC to activate the transposase depends on its interaction with a target DNA along with its appropriate targeting protein, TnsD or TnsE. The TnsD and TnsE proteins are alternative target selectors that are also DNA binding activators that promote excision and insertion of Tn7. Their ability to interact with a particular target DNA is key to the target-site selection of Tn7. The proteins TnsA, TnsB, and TnsC thus form the core machinery of Tn7: TnsA and TnsB interact together to form the transposase, while TnsC functions as a regulator of the transposase's activity, communicating between the transposase and TnsD and TnsE. When the TnsE protein interacts with the TnsABC core machinery, Tn7 preferentially directs insertions into conjugable plasmids. When the TnsD protein interacts with TnsABC, Tn7 preferentially directs insertions downstream into a single essential and highly conserved site in the bacterial chromosome. This site, attTn7, is specifically recognized by TnsD.

title: Transposase


text:
Talk:Vepar

There must be some source, The Almanach de Gotha of Hell or somesuch that can be mentioned here. Because "In demonology Vepar is a strong Great Duke of Hell," is a very odd unsupported statement for Wikipedia to be making. ...As if Hell had an authentic geography. --Wetman 05:36, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vepar


text:
Helmut Griem

Helmut Griem (6 April 1932 – 19 November 2004) was a German film, television and stage actor, and director.

Biography
Born in Hamburg, Griem was primarily a stage actor, appearing at the Thalia Theater in Hamburg, the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, the Burgtheater in Vienna, the Munich Kammerspiele, and finally in the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz, also in Munich.

Griem became well known to international audiences as the diabolic SS-officer Aschenbach in The Damned. His role in the Academy Award-winning film Cabaret (1972) as the wealthy bisexual Baron Maximilian von Heune is probably his best-known international performance.

Other performances include his work in The McKenzie Break, and Ludwig and Breakthrough. Among his many film and TV appearances was one in NBC's Peter the Great as the Tsar's lifelong friend and "right hand" Alexander Menshikov, alongside Maximilian Schell. He starred in the television mini-series The Devil's Lieutenant directed by John Goldschmidt, adapted by Jack Rosenthal and based on the novel by the Hungarian-American playwright and author Maria Fagyas (1905–1985), for Channel 4 and ZDF.

Griem performed in many classic roles from both the German and English-language repertoire. Later in his career Griem turned to theatre direction, including Long Day's Journey Into Night by Eugene O'Neill. Before his death, he had planned to direct the Botho Strauss play, Die eine und die andere (This One and The Other). Griem twice won the Bambi Award: in 1961 and in 1976.

He died in Munich in 2004, aged 72.

title: Helmut Griem


text:
Jackie Forster

Jackie Forster (née Jacqueline Moir Mackenzie; 6 November 1926 – 10 October 1998 ) was an English news reporter, actress and lesbian rights activist.

Early history
Forster's father was a colonel in the Royal Army Medical Corps and she spent her early years in British India. When she was six, she was sent to boarding school in Britain at Wycombe Abbey and then to St Leonards School in Fife. During the Second World War, she played lacrosse and field hockey for Scotland.

Forster became an actress and joined the Wilson Barrett repertory company in Edinburgh before moving to London in 1950. She attended the Arts Theatre Club was in various West End productions and films before developing a successful career as a TV presenter and news reporter under the name of Jacqueline MacKenzie.

In 1957 she was on a lecture tour in North America for part of the year and was in Savannah, Georgia, when she had her first lesbian affair. Despite this she married author Peter Forster in 1958, but the marriage was over within two years as she accepted her true sexual orientation. They divorced in 1962 and she went to live in Canada.

Of her early lesbian experiences, she said "I didn't see myself as being a lesbian, or her, because I didn't look as I imagined they did, and nor did she. We weren't short back and sides and natty gent's suiting. I got the image from The Well of Loneliness, like we all did. There were drug stores around the States, with these pulp books, lurid stories about lesbians who smoked cigars and had orgies with young girls. I thought, where are these women? We never met anyone we knew were lesbians. There were no other books that I found about lesbians, no films that we ever saw: nothing at all."

In 1964, Forster returned to Britain to work for Border Television; and then eventually moved in with a girlfriend and her children in London.

Activism and legacy
In the 1960s Forster joined the Minorities Research Group and wrote for its journal Arena Three. She would also regularly promote the magazine in the Gateways club.

Later on, she came out publicly in 1969 when she joined the Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE) and went to serve on its executive committee. She was in the first Gay Pride march in the UK in August 1971.

In 1972 Forster was one of the founders of Sappho, which was a social group and one of the UK's longest-running lesbian publications (Sappho magazine was published from 1972 to 1981, although the group continued to meet regularly for many more years). The Sappho group members used to meet in the Chepstow pub in Notting Hill and had speakers such as Maureen Duffy and Anna Raeburn.

After Sappho, Forster became a member of Greater London Council's Women's Committee.

From 1992 until her death in 1998 Forster was an active member of the Lesbian Archive and Information Centre management Committee (now part of the Glasgow Women's Library). In 1997 a BBC film crew came to the archive to film her for a programme about her life which was to be part of The Day That Changed My Life series. Her work has made a huge impact on shaping the archive.

On 6 November 2017, Google Doodle commemorated her 91st birthday.

Television and film appearances

 * Caesar's Wife, 1951, television acting role.
 * You're Only Young Twice, 1952, film acting role as Nellie.
 * Love and Mr Lewisham, 1953, television acting role.
 * The Wedding of Lili Marlene, 1953, film acting role as Theatre Barmaid.
 * Serious Charge, 1953, repertory theatre acting role.
 * The Broken Jug, 1953, television acting role as Grete.
 * Gilbert Harding Finds Out, 1954, as straight-to-camera television reporter.
 * Lilacs in the Spring, 1954, film acting role.
 * The Dam Busters, 1955, film acting role as Canteen Waitress.
 * You Can't Escape, 1955, television acting role as Mrs Baggerley.
 * Grace Kelly's Monaco wedding to Prince Rainier, 1956, as straight-to-camera television reporter. Won a Prix D'Italia.
 * Pantomania or Dick Wittington, 1956, television comedy acting role.
 * Tonight, as straight-to-camera television reporter.
 * Hotfoot and Highlight, as straight-to-camera television reporter.
 * Panorama, as straight-to-camera television reporter.
 * Late Night Extra, as straight-to-camera television reporter.
 * Trouble for Two, 1958, television acting role in a sitcom.
 * Discovering America, 1958–1960, as straight-to-camera television reporter.
 * Jacqueline Mackenzie in America, as straight-to-camera television reporter.
 * Speak for Yourself, 1974 as television co-scriptwriter.
 * Gays: Speaking Up, 1978 as interviewee.
 * We Recruit, 1995, appearance in a Channel 4 television documentary about the Lesbian Avengers.
 * From High Heels to Sensible Shoes, 1997, contributor to the BBC television series The Day That Changed My Life.

title: Jackie Forster