text:
Launch (boat)

Launch is a name given to several different types of boat. The wide-range of usage of the name extends from utilitarian craft through to pleasure boats built to a very high standard.

In naval use, the launch was introduced as a ship's boat towards the end of the 17th century. On each warship, the launch was usually the largest boat out of those carried aboard. It could be propelled by oar or sail, with this type remaining in service into the 20th century. Steam launches were introduced on a trial basis in 1867, but as steam-powered ship's boats became more common, the majority were steam pinnaces.

Other military examples were the various motor launches used in the 20th century, employed for harbour defence, anti-submarine patrols, escorting coastal convoys, minesweeping and recovering aircrew from crashed aircraft. Generally these were decked boats, some of which were capable of fast speeds.

A powered boat operated by a regulatory or official organisation may be termed a launch – such as the police launch or a harbour-master's launch. The size range and capabilities vary according to the precise role.

In private use, a launch is invariably a powered boat, using a steam, electric, petrol or diesel engine. Some are built to a very high standard of finish, with large amounts of varnished hardwood and polished fittings. Various local historic types are kept in use by enthusiasts and museums.

Etymology
The word launch is derived from the Spanish lancha, which may be translated into English as "pinnace". It has been suggested that lancha is in turn derived from a Malay word Lancaran. The first instance of "launch" being used as a boat type in English was in 1697.

History
The launch steadily replaced the long-boat in the Royal Navy over the latter half of the 18th century. Both were usually the biggest boat carried by a warship or a merchant vessel in the age of sail. The transition from longboat to launch was influenced by the East India Company successfully experimenting with this change. Launches were preferred as having greater carrying capacity, though they could be considered less seaworthy. One of two important roles was the carrying of drinking water. For example, a 33 ft launch of 1804 could carry 14 large "leaguers" (barrels containing 150 impgal each), making a load of just over nine and half tonnes of water. A warship's launch would also be fitted with a windlass that allowed a ship's anchor to be carried or to be weighed (raised). This second essential role, generally for a ship's boat and specifically for the launch, was the laying out of anchors or weighing them after use. Before steam tugs were available, a ship's boat would often be used to kedge a ship out of a harbour or away from a hazard such as a lee shore, set a new anchor or inspect the cable if moored for a long time, among a range of "anchor work" tasks.

The launches issued to naval ships varied in size depending on the size of the ship they equipped. An 1815 schedule of ship's boats showed the range of 15 different lengths for launches from 34 ft for a ship of 100 guns down to 16 ft for a 200 ton sloop. As steam power became common in the navy, the need to transport drinking water (which could be distilled in the engine room) and transport anchors and cables to move a sailing ship both disappeared. By the last quarter of the 19th century, launches were only issued in one length, 42 ft.

Launches had double-banked oars The usual sailing rig for much of the 19th century was a two-masted ketch rig. A schooner rig was in use from 1878 and the de Horsey sloop rig was adopted from 1884.

During the Demak Sultanate attack on Portuguese Malacca of 1513, lancaran were used as armed troop transports for landing alongside penjajap and kelulus, as the Javanese junks were too large to approach shore.

In 1788 Captain William Bligh and 18 crewmen were set adrift by mutineers in HMS Bounty’s 23-foot (7 m) launch. Bligh navigated the open boat more than 4,000 miles, losing only one man – Tonga to Timor, 3618 nmi.

Civilian use in the UK
On the River Thames the term "launch" is used to mean any motorised pleasure boat. The usage arises from the legislation governing the management of the Thames and laying down the categories of boats and the tolls for which they were liable.

Military use in the UK
Motor Launch was the designation for a type of vessel used in World War I and World War II by the Royal Navy and some other navies for inshore work defending harbours (Harbour defence motor launch) and defending the coast from submarines. The World War II boats were typically 60 to 115 ft long and carried relatively light armament – a few depth charges, one or two small guns and a few machine guns.

The Royal Air Force used various boats to support flying boats and to rescue the crews of aircraft that had crashed at sea. The RAF High Speed Launches, such as the Type Two 63 ft HSL, of World War II were derivatives of motor torpedo boat designs.

Sports
In competitive rowing the term "launch" is used to refer to any motorized boat used by the coach to follow practicing boats during workouts.

title: Launch (boat)


text: Talk:Never Loved Elvis

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Never Loved Elvis


text:
Talk:Cobra (G.I. Joe)

Cobra represented Soviet BLOC in toyline
I removed the following sentence from the second paragraph, in the section "real american hero":
 * The concept of Cobra was created to give the toyline a continuing antagonist without invoking and insulting any real life nationalities or organizations.

Many, if not all, of the Cobra figures released were labelled as expert in "warsaw Pact" small-arms, while the Joes were labelled expert in "[NATO]]" small-arms. While the cartoon labels Cobra a terrorist organization, the toyline links Cobra to the Societ Bloc.Rag-time4 05:23, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Not so prominent Cobra Characters
Dr. Knox is not a main Cobra character by any stretch of the imagination. Prior to Devil's Due, she was a virtually unknown one-shot comic book-only character. Slice also wasn't a major character, though more worthy of inclusion than Knox. I really question why they are placed amongst Cobra's most noteworthy members.

- Agreed completely - I've deleted them both. I think Zartan, the Dreadnoks and Major Bludd should be moved to the Cobra section as well... I question the need for a "mercenaries" section and would prefer to see something more along the lines of "recurring characters". DPr77 10:47, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

I removed the "and suffers from an eerie hissing speech impediment caused by an injury." from Wild Weasel's entry because it's obvious that the poster misunderstood the "cut his teeth" on the figure's filecard. "Cut hit teeth" is slang for starting out and getting a big break.
 * Actually, later filecards specifically mentioned he had a lisp from being shot in the mouth. --There are no names left (talk) 02:51, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
 * His FIRST filecard mentions that a strafing injury was the cause of his "characteristic sibilance"...or something like that. 74.160.5.173 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 04:43, 12 April 2010 (UTC).

Terrorists? "In function, they behave as more of a private military organization than a terrorist organization, as they have a military-style chain of command, distinctive uniforms and common fighting equipment."

- Terrorist organisations often have distinct chains of command. Cobra certainly are terrorists - it is well known that members act normally in society and infiltrate it - especially the Crimson guard. Cobra do have overt presences in terms of Cobra island and the cobra consulate - I think cobra are terrorists - simply the logical progression of a very successful one.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:COBRA_Organization"

Tsk... this article is somewhat cartoon-centric. I'll have to dig up my old comics and see what I can contribute. :) - Cobra libre 01:18, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I have a feeling that "Tommy" would be Thomas H. for Storm Shadow. Not sure, though. I never heard "Tommy" anywhere and it sounds silly.

- Actually, having read through those early Marvel issues again, Storm Shadow's real name is in fact introduced as "Tommy" and he is referred to as such throughout. DPr77 08:21, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Baronness?
The link for The Baronness seems to be to something entirely unrelated... --AviDrissman 03:15, 10 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs changing, please feel free to make whatever changes you feel are needed.  Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit any article by simply following the  link. You don't even need to log in!  (Although there are some reasons why you might like to...) The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold.  Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly.  If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use out the sandbox to try out your editing skills.  New contributors are always welcome. Ashibaka (tock) 03:17, 10 October 2005 (UTC) (couldn't resist)

Origins
Dr. Mindbender's origin needs to be put in the proper context. Is that from the comics or cartoon? It certainly doesn't fit with what's on his filecard. DPr77 11:00, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

I just noticed the section of text in question. I can only assume that it is someone's attempt to vandalize the page. I don't keep up on the current comics and am mostly ignorant of Sigma Six but I don't see how any of that stuff is possible. The 1800s? Holy Grail? I shall be removing the nonsensical text. 24.178.211.155 03:09, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Cobra or COBRA
There are a few people that have been editing in other G.I. Joe-related pages the name Cobra to all capitals, COBRA. Putting it in all caps indicate that it's an acronym for something. As far as I know, Cobra is not an acronym and if it is, it should have been indicated in this page long ago. --Destron Commander 02:54, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Probably because in its first two years, all references to Cobra were in all caps. The organization was referred to as "COBRA Command" and its leader as "COBRA Commander". It suggests that the name was originally intended to be an acronym although the closest to one it ever received was in a later issue of the comic. There was a building in Broca Beach that had "Cryptic Order of Benevolent Reptilian Apostates" above the doors. I once asked someone from Marvel at a convention back in the 80s and he thought it stood for something like "Covert Operations Behind Reinforced Assaults" but he said he wasn't sure. Except for the name consistently appearing in all caps early on it's all speculation though. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.83.195.237 (talk) 18:52, 16 December 2009 (UTC)
 * From the letters page of issue #96: "Cobra is not an acronym when used as the title of the organization founded by the original Cobra Commander. The Cryptic Order of Benevolent Reptilian Apostates is, of course, a red herring." --There are no names left (talk) 05:03, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

Propose merge subarticle on troopers with Viper (G.I. Joe)
I think we can just remove the subarticle on Cobra troopers since it is very much covered in Viper (G.I. Joe). --Destron Commander 14:30, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

I disagree - a complete overview of the Cobra organization would be incomplete without mentioning the most prominent "army-builders" from the cartoon, comic and toy line. DPr77 08:21, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Cobra and Hydra
I would have to say that Hydra inspired Cobra. Think about it. Same number of syllables, serpentine names, same last two letters, "Hail Hydra!" and "Cobra!". Just change from green to blue for the uniforms.

12:31, 22 July 2006 (UTC)Enda80

I remember seeing a Transformers comic book once where Cobra was mentioned. Was there ever any overlap/reference made to Cobra in other Marvel storylines, or are the GI Joe and Marvel Superhero universes completely separate?165.97.69.26 (talk) 17:40, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

 * G.I.Joe is a seperate continuity. Lots42 (talk) 03:59, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
 * But they did overlap in both the comics and the cartoon. The connections were just ignored when it wasn't important. --There are no names left (talk) 02:51, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Other Media
I've seen this org. featured in a Godzilla cartoon, in which Godzilla took the place out. Also seen the COBRA uniform in the movie Dodgeball as well. In that episode of Godzilla, the Calico, a science research ship was captured by COBRA Command, who imprisoned the crew, incl. Godzuki, a fat little monster. Godzuki summoned Godzilla, who then destroyed Cobra Island. When the "Joes" got there, they saw GIANT footprints all over the place in the wreckage and all over the island. Martial Law 05:29, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

I've seen this episode too years ago on Cartoon Network. I think G.I. Joe's enemy was inspired by a combination of things:

1. HYDRA from Marvel Comics. 2. Kobra from DC Comics (They were later featured on an episode of Batman Beyond) 3. The Cobra group from the Godzilla cartoon. 24.178.211.155 16:47, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

BAT
Should we put the different kinds of B.A.T. Soldiers from Sigma 6 on the the COBRA Page? The Duke 9:03, 30 September 2006
 * No!! Put the different kinds of BATs in their own page.--Destron Commander 10:30, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Agreed - BATS should be mentioned, but to go into that much detail would be inappropriate. DPr77 02:40, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

SVG Symbol
We could use a SVG/PNG symbol. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 87.196.204.85 (talk) 16:37, 21 February 2007 (UTC).

done. just drew it real quick. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Asaturn (talk) 04:09, 13 July 2008 (UTC). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.208.187.208 (talk)

Blue Shirts
There is the following text in the article, "Also known as "Blueshirts",(They are not called "BlueShirts, It is "BlueSuits")".

It is my understanding that "Blueshirts" is a fan created term that does NOT exist in any official G.I. JOE media. Who is this person to demand that it is not "BlueShirts"? Who cares how a person decides to type it out? I have also never heard anyone use the term "BlueSuits" in reference to the Cobra Officers and Troopers either in all my years of being a fan. I think it should simply read, "Also known as "Blueshirts" and as such am changing it. If someone actually feels that people do refer to them as "BlueSuits" they may re-add it. 24.178.211.155 03:21, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was page moved.' —harej (talk) (cool!) 00:53, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Cobra Organization → Cobra Command — Cobra Organization has never been an official (or even given) name for the group. Cobra Command, however, is the original name and was on box art. Why should we use an inaccurate article name when the correct one is available? Flash176 (talk) 15:55, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Support move to correct formal name (reversal of existing redirect). DMacks (talk) 19:07, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Obviously this is a bit late to the party, but when was Cobra ever called "Cobra Command" on the boxes? --There are no names left (talk) 02:51, 9 February 2010 (UTC)
 * In the '80s, the box would say "A Cobra Command weapon." on the front underneath the GI Joe emblem.--Ridge Runner (talk) 14:33, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

Category
Would the 'fictional companies' category apply, considering Arbco and Extensive Enterprises? Lots42 (talk) 13:59, 29 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Not really. If they had their own page I would say yes, but this article is about Cobra as a military/terrorist organization, not their legal holdings.--Ridge Runner (talk) 14:40, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

"See Also"
there should be a list of similar organizations, like HYDRA --99.101.160.159 (talk) 21:15, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

This page appears to be incorrectly named
The organization is just called Cobra, not Cobra Command.

I would conjecture that this mistake is made because the leader dubbed himself Cobra Commander.

However, the organization is just called Cobra, and I wish to draw attention to this easily fixable error.

Thank-you.

CobraTrooper6 (talk) 00:40, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Requested move 25 October 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to Cobra (G.I. Joe) — Amakuru (talk) 13:37, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

Cobra Command → Cobra (G.I. Joe nemesis) – A while back this was moved from Cobra Organization (a poor name, certainly) to Cobra Command with little discussion and no real rationale. There's little to no evidence of this ever being the organization's name. They are always referred to simply as "Cobra." Someone made some vague reference to the name "Cobra Command" appearing on toy packaging decades ago, which may be true, but is hardly definitive, and by no means indicates that this is how they are most commonly known. A google image search reveals that many toy's were labelled "Cobra Enemy" at some point, but that doesn't mean they were called that either. The group's name has always been Cobra, and it obviously needs a disambiguating parenthetical qualifier, so if "(G.I. Joe nemesis)" isn't the best one there are plenty of others we could go with. But this is the only place I've ever seen the group referred to as Cobra Command, and I played with these toys a lot when I was a kid. If there is enough evidence to suggest that this was at one point the group's official title, it can still go in the article, but it is not an appropriate title for the article. R. fiend (talk) 13:29, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose proposed move location since it doesn't meet disambiguation precedents for such moves. Weak oppose Support NEUTRAL on alternative Cobra (G.I. Joe); it's a better disambiguator with precedence as a way to disambiguate subjects in fictional universes, but the current title is a WP:NATURALDAB.  Steel1943  (talk) 22:49, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Changed alternative to "Support" and struck out part of statement that isn't helpful ... because the word "Command" (not "Commander") is nowhere in the article with the exception of the infobox, leaving the natural title disambiguation questionable. Steel1943  (talk) 22:53, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * ...And now changed to "neutral" and returned part of statement since external sources use the name "Cobra Command" for this subject. Steel1943  (talk) 22:56, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Move to Cobra (G.I. Joe) "Command" appears to be rarely used: https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=cobra+%22g+i+joe%22&num=10 In ictu oculi (talk) 07:45, 26 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Cobra (G.I. Joe) is certainly fine with me, and I'd be willing to change my original proposition to that, though I have slight concerns about muddying the works in an ongoing discussion (not that there's been much of that so far). I would also argue, in response to above comments, that I don't think the current title fits WP:NATURALDAB, which states "Do not, however, use obscure or made-up names." I would argue that Cobra Command is obscure. With all the movies, comics, TV shows, toys, etc. the only place it seems that name is used is on the packaging of a few toys from several decades ago. The article itself doesn't seem to use that term outside of the title. -R. fiend (talk) 14:25, 26 October 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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title: Talk:Cobra (G.I. Joe)


text: User talk:67.8.176.176

title: User talk:67.8.176.176


text: Talk:Save This House

title: Talk:Save This House


text:
Talk:Upload

Legal Issues and Other
Why dosent somebody add in here the Legal Issues Downloading and uploading has caused?

Uploading - Pornographys, Video Fights, Advertisements (Youtube mainly)

Downloading - Illegal Music (Thats big right now) Pornography, Movies, Other data files.

Also why not add things about P2P? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.156.12.29 (talk) 09:39, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

Also, some people say download when they really mean transfer. If you are transferring data between two points that you have control over (e.g. hard drive and flash drive), it is not a download. It'd be as stupid as saying I borrowed it from myself. Incripshin (talk) 05:27, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Incripshin: I added a sentence briefly describing the difference between downloading and transferring in the "Download" section. Anyone, feel free to change my sentence or add onto it. 71.233.13.147 (talk) 00:45, 4 October 2010 (UTC)

If you feel there's a problem, than fix it! That's the beauty of this being a wiki, anyone can use it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.181.19.39 (talk) 21:38, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

Spam
Please do not insert links unless they actually give information about the article's contents. This does not mean links to pages like "Download free movies!".Jasper Deng (talk) 05:30, 5 June 2011 (UTC)

Meaning of "sideload"
It should be made clear that there are two meanings of sideload. In this article, sideload = transfer between local devices. In the sideloading article, sideload = download from remote and then transfer to another local device. --88.73.3.197 (talk) 15:05, 14 January 2012 (UTC)

Created from a unilateral split
This article was created from a unilateral split from the more informative Uploading and downloading, which had better-quality content than the separate Upload and Download articles. - Mardus /talk 10:24, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

Love... — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sharifpakhe (talk • contribs) 00:32, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Upload


text:
User:Econapl

Hi! Welcome to the home of Econ Apl in Wikipedia.

title: User:Econapl


text:
Eugene W. Hickok

Eugene W. Hickok (born 1951, Denver, Colorado) is a former United States Deputy Secretary of Education, serving from 2003-2005 under President George W. Bush, and a former Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Education, serving from 1995-2001 under Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge. He is an adjunct professor at the University of Richmond.

Education
Hickok is a 1972 graduate of Hampden–Sydney College. He also received a Master of Public Administration and Ph.D. from the University of Virginia.

Early career
For over 15 years, Hickok worked at Dickinson College where he held various roles as professor of political science, director of the college’s Clarke Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Contemporary Issues, and an adjunct professor at the Dickinson School of Law.

He also worked as an associate director of the political science department at Mississippi State University, and the director of financial aid for Hampden–Sydney College.

From 1986-1987, he served as a special assistant in the Office of Legal Counsel at the United States Department of Justice.

From 1990-1991, he served as a resident adjunct scholar at The Heritage Foundation.

Public service
From 1992-1995, Hickok was elected to and served as a member of the Carlisle Area School District Board of Directors.

In 1995, he was appointed by Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge as Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Education.

President George W. Bush nominated Hickok as Under Secretary of Education on March 30, 2001 and he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on July 10, 2001. He later served as Acting Deputy Secretary of Education and was officially nominated and recess appointed as United States Deputy Secretary of Education by Bush in 2004, resigning later that year. In his position as Deputy Secretary of Education, Hickok managed the development and execution of the President's educational priorities, including the No Child Left Behind Act. In 2007, he agreed to pay a $50,000 civil settlement relating to a conflict-of-interest matter concerning stock he owned while Deputy Secretary of Education.

Post-Public Service career
In July 2005, Hickok was hired by Washington, DC-based government affairs firm Dutko Worldwide to head their education practice.

Hickok currently teaches as an adjunct professor of Constitutional Politics at the University of Richmond.

He currently serves on the Board of Trustees of Hampden-Sydney College and has previously served on Board of Directors at Montpelier, a historic house museum located at the plantation owned by President James Madison.

title: Eugene W. Hickok


text:
Claudio López (footballer)

Claudio Javier López (, born 17 July 1974) is an Argentine former footballer, who played as a forward. Nicknamed Piojo (louse), he is best known for his spells with Valencia in Spain and Lazio in Italy. López also had a notable impact in the Argentina national team, participating in two World Cups.

Early career
López began his professional career with Estudiantes de La Plata in his native Argentina in 1990 as a 16-year-old. However, he moved to Racing the next year, where he would remain until he transferred in 1996 to Spanish club Valencia.

Europe
After a slow start in 1996–97, Claudio López would enjoy a prolific spell with Valencia over the 3 years that followed, averaging 20 goals each season between 1997–98 and 1999–2000. That included a season best in 1998–99 which saw him find the net on 30 occasions across competitions to become the club's top scorer (3rd best in la Liga behind Raul and Rivaldo, despite taking fewer penalties than his rivals).

Valencia entrenched their status as one of Spain's emerging clubs throughout the late 1990s, rising from their usual mid-table position to 4th in 1998–99 and 3rd in 1999–2000, which was Lopez's last season with the club. The Argentine formed a devastating partnership with Romanian Adrian Ilie and played alongside such stars as Jocelyn Angloma, Santiago Cañizares and Gaizka Mendieta, who would later be his teammate at Lazio as well.

López remained with Valencia for four years, helping the team to the final of the UEFA Champions League in the 1999–2000 season, when he was transferred to Lazio of Serie A for €35 million. During the first half of his spell in Italy's capital, he was partnered with compatriot Hernán Crespo in the front-line. However, López suffered from injury problems during his time at Lazio. During the 2000–2001 UEFA Champions League, he scored a direct goal from a corner kick against Anderlecht in the Stadio Olimpico.

After Crespo left for Inter in the summer of 2002, López was partnered with newcomer Bernardo Corradi. They formed a solid partnership that yielded a combined 25 Serie A goals as Lazio finished 4th to qualify for the Champions League under new coach Roberto Mancini. The Argentine scored 15 of those goals, his best league tally during his years in Italy; the 4th-place finish for Lazio was also the best the club would achieve until 2011–12.

In December 2002 he made headlines during a Serie A clash with Inter that ended 3-3: after netting a hat-trick that gave his side a 3–0 lead, Claudio López improvised an "Aserejé" goal celebration with teammate Bernardo Corradi, inspired by the dance routine of Spanish band Las Ketchup. In an interview 13 years later, he explained that the unexpected celebration had happened because "crazy Corradi enjoyed doing such things!"

In the UEFA Cup, López found the net twice to help his team reach the semi-finals, where they would be knocked out by the eventual winners, Jose Mourinho's FC Porto. The following season was less successful for Lazio as they only finished 6th in Serie A and crashed out of the Champions League at the group stage. Claudio López only found the net 4 times in 36 appearances. He did manage, however, to win his second piece of silverware with the Roman club as they overcame Juventus in the two-legged Coppa Italia Final.

Mexico, return to Racing
López joined Club América for the 2004 Apertura, where he played in 17 games, scoring four goals. The following season, Clausura 2005 brought better results, with López scoring a total of 14 goals overall and helping the team to its tenth League championship in its history. It was his first and only league championship with any team. Claudio was instrumental to the team's success, also helping them win the CONCACAF Champions' Cup by scoring two goals in the Final over Tecos UAG. He played the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup.

In 2007 López returned to Racing, 11 years after his departure from the club, and the country. In most of those games, usually coming in as a late sub, López scored several important goals.

Major League Soccer
On 7 March 2008, it was announced López had signed with the Kansas City Wizards on a free transfer. López fell under the league's designated player qualification, which means only the first $415,000 of his salary counted against Kansas City Wizards’ team salary cap. He later had his contract restructured to take him below designated player status. He scored on his debut for Kansas City against D.C. United on 29 March 2008.

On 23 February 2010 the Argentine striker left after two seasons Kansas City Wizards. "We would have liked to have Claudio back in 2010, but unfortunately it became clear early in the contract negotiations that we could not give him what he desired," Wizards Manager Peter Vermes said.

López was later signed by league rivals Colorado Rapids on 2 April 2010.

After the 2010 MLS season Colorado declined López's contract option and Lopez elected to participate in the 2010 MLS Re-Entry Draft. López became a free agent in Major League Soccer when he was not selected in the Re-Entry draft.

International career
López had a distinguished career with Argentina. After winning a silver medal with the Under-23 team during the 1996 Summer Olympics, López made appearances in both the 1998 and 2002 World Cups. He scored a goal against the Netherlands in the 1998 FIFA World Cup quarter-final, when he kicked the ball between Edwin van der Sar's legs to tie the match temporarily, although Argentina were ultimately defeated 2–1.

Style of play
According to media López was capable of playing anywhere along the front-line, as a striker, in a supporting role, and on the wing. He was highly regarded for his pace, technique, and dribbling skills, as well as his powerful striking ability with his left foot. He was also an effective set-piece and penalty taker. Throughout his career, he was known by the nickname "El Piojo", meaning "the louse".

Media
López was sponsored by sportswear company Nike and appeared in Nike commercials. In a global Nike advertising campaign in the run-up to the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, he starred in a "Secret Tournament" commercial (branded "Scopion KO") directed by Terry Gilliam, appearing alongside football players such as Thierry Henry, Ronaldo, Edgar Davids, Fabio Cannavaro, Francesco Totti, Ronaldinho, Luís Figo and Hidetoshi Nakata, with former player Eric Cantona the tournament "referee".

Honours
Valencia
 * Copa del Rey: 1998–99
 * Supercopa de España: 1999
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1998
 * UEFA Champions League runner-up: 1999–2000,

Lazio
 * Coppa Italia: 2003–04
 * Supercoppa Italiana: 2000

América
 * Primera División de México: Clausura 2005
 * Campeón de Campeones: 2005
 * CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 2006

Colorado Rapids
 * MLS Cup: 2010
 * MLS Eastern Conference: 2010

Argentina
 * Summer Olympics Silver Medal: 1996

title: Claudio López (footballer)


text:
Great Migration

Great Migration, Great Migrations, or The Great Migration may refer to:

Historical events

 * The Migration Period of Europe from 400 to 800 AD
 * Great Migration of Puritans from England to New England (1620–1643)
 * Great Migrations of the Serbs from the Ottoman Empire to the Habsburg Monarchy (1690 and 1737)
 * Great Migration of Canada, increased migration to Canada (approximately 1815–1850)
 * Great Migration, resulting from the 1947 Partition of British India
 * African American "Great Migrations":
 * The original Great Migration (African American) from the southern United States to the northern United States (1910–1930)
 * The Second Great Migration (African American) from the southern United States to the northern and western United States (1941–1970)
 * The New Great Migration, reverse migration from the North, Midwest and the West to the southern United States (1965–present)
 * The Great Migration of 1843, the first large group of settlers to travel via the Oregon Trail to the Oregon Country
 * The Great Trek of South African Boers away from British colonial power
 * Great Emigration of Poles
 * The Great Migration or Great Fleet, the traditional Māori recount of their arrival in New Zealand

Nature

 * Great migration, a yearly wildebeest migration in the Serengeti

Arts and media

 * Great Migrations, 2010 National Geographic nature documentary television miniseries
 * The Great Migration (album), 2006 album by rapper Bronze Nazareth
 * Great Migrations (Greyhawk), fictional migrations in Dungeons & Dragons: World of Greyhawk

title: Great Migration


text:
Outlawz

Outlawz are an American hip hop group. The group founded by rapper 2Pac In 1992, along with his cousin Kastro, childhood friend E.D.I. Mean, and  godbrother Yafeu "Kadafi" Fula, Donna (storm)formed the group  The group went under the names Thoro Headz and Young Thugs. By then, 2Pac had become a rap star and they were featured on his song Flex which was the B-side of his "Holla If Ya Hear Me" single which was released on February 4, 1993. In late 1993, Mutah "Napoleon" Beale joined the group, which was now known as Dramacydal. They guest appeared on the songs "Me Against the World" and "Outlaw" from 2Pac's LP, Me Against the World, which was released on March 14, 1995.

History
The group, consisting of 10 original members: 2Pac under the alias "Makaveli",  Hussein Fatal, and Yaki Kadafi as Fatal-N-Felony, Thug Life representatives; Big Syke and Mopreme Shakur—under the aliases "Mussolini" and "Komani", as well as Dramacydal members; Big Malc, K-Dog, and Lil Mu' —under the aliases E.D.I. Mean, Kastro and Napoleon was introduced in February 1996 as the Outlaw Immortalz on the song "When We Ride" from Shakur's fourth studio album, All Eyez on Me. Storm, who was first introduced on All Eyez On Me as the only female member of the Outlaw Immortalz by 2Pac in 1995 would become the ninth member of the group and begin to work on her solo album managed by Tupac. Following the album, in June 1996, Hussein, Kadafi and E.D.I. were featured on 2Pac's Death Row Greatest Hits diss track "Hit 'Em Up"—now credited as "The Outlawz"—Kastro and Napoleon, although not featured on the song, can be seen in the song's music video. During the period of recording All Eyez on Me and "Hit 'Em Up" Kadafi introduced his friend, Rufus Cooper III, to 2Pac. Cooper was later featured, under the alias "Young Noble" and as the last member of the group, on 2Pac's, or rather, Makaveli's The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory.

Current members

 * Rufus Cooper III, alias: Young Noble, is a current co-leader of the Outlawz.
 * Malcolm Greenridge, alias: E.D.I. Mean, named after Ugandan dictator Idi Amin, is a current co-leader of the Outlawz.

Former members

 * Tupac Amaru Shakur, alias: Makaveli, the original leader of the group, named after the Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli, was murdered in September 1996 at age 25. In 2011, members of the group confirmed the longstanding rumour that they smoked Shakur's ashes in a blunt mixed with kush on a beach after his cremation.
 * Yafeu Akiyele Fula, alias: Yaki Kadafi, Shakur's godbrother and named after Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, was shot dead by Roddy Beale (cousin of fellow group member Napoleon) in November 1996 at age 19.
 * Bruce Edward Washington Jr., alias: Hussein Fatal, childhood friend of Kadafi and named after Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, briefly left the group on bad terms due to the group not protecting Shakur at the time of the Vegas shooting; for forgiving Roddy Beale for Kadafi's death; and for signing to Death Row Records after Shakur asked them not to. Fatal was subsequently removed from the group's first album, Still I Rise. In 2010, Fatal rejoined the group to record the album Perfect Timing which saw its release in 2011. In 2015, Fatal died in a car accident at age 42. The following year he was posthumously credited as a featured artist on the Outlawz song "So Much Pain".
 * Katari Terrance Cox, alias: Kastro, Shakur's cousin and named after Cuban dictator Fidel Castro, left the group in 2009, citing differences in the group's direction post-Shakur's passing and to also pursue a solo career.
 * Mutah Wassin Shabazz Beale, alias: Napoleon, childhood friend of Kadafi and named after French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, left the music industry and became a motivational speaker after converting to Islam in 2001.
 * Tyruss Gerald "Big Syke" Himes, alias: Mussolini, member of Shakur's previous group Thug Life and named after Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, died of natural causes in 2016 at age 48. Big Syke is only credited as a member of the Outlawz on one song; the group's introductory track, "When We Ride", from Shakur's 1996 album All Eyez on Me. Syke later guest featured on the song "Letter to the President" from the group's first album Still I Rise which saw its release in 1999. Although he's featured with the Outlawz on the song "M.O.B." from Shakur's posthumous album Until the End of Time, he is instead credited with Mopreme as a member of Thug Life. He was also credited as a solo artist alongside the Outlawz on the song "There U Go" from Shakur's following release, Better Dayz.
 * Mopreme Shakur, alias: Komani, Tupac Shakur's stepbrother and member of the group Thug Life, was named after Iranian revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini. Mopreme only made one credited appearance as an Outlaw; their introductory track, "When We Ride", from the 2Pac album All Eye'z on Me. Although he does feature on the song "M.O.B." from his late brother's posthumous album Until the End of Time, he is instead credited as a member of Thug Life alongside Big Syke.
 * Donna Harkness, alias: Storm, the only female of the group, met Tupac and immediately became an official Outlaw Immortal in 1995 by 2Pac himself. She was featured on three tracks on the 1996 All Eyez On Me Album "Tradin War Stories" "Thug Passion" and "Run Tha Streetz." She later featured on the Gridlock’d and Gang-Related Soundtracks and some of Tupac’s posthumous albums and unreleased tracks.  Storm left the group after the passing of Tupac and was subsequently taken off of some of 2Pac's original unreleased tracks that were later remixed.

Discography
Studio albums
 * Ride wit Us or Collide wit Us (2000)
 * Novakane (2001)
 * Neva Surrenda (2002)
 * Outlaw 4 Life: 2005 A.P. (2005)
 * We Want In: The Street LP (2008)
 * Perfect Timing (2011)
 * Livin' Legendz (2016)
 * #LastOnezLeft (2017)
 * One Nation (2021)

Collaboration albums
 * Still I Rise (1999) with 2Pac

title: Outlawz


text:
Screwtape

Screwtape appears as a fictional demon in The Screwtape Letters (first published in The Guardian 1941, collected and published in book form 1942) and in its sequel short story Screwtape Proposes a Toast (1959), both written by the Christian author C. S. Lewis. Screwtape is also the title of the stage adaptation of the Letters by James Forsyth (originally Dear Wormwood, 1961).

Screwtape holds the rank of Senior Tempter and serves as the Undersecretary of his department in what Lewis envisages as a sort of infernal Civil Service. The Screwtape Letters represent his side of the correspondence with his nephew Wormwood, as mentor to the young demon who is charged with the guidance of one man. He has a secretary called Toadpipe. The Toast is Screwtape's after-dinner speech at the Tempters' Training College and satirises American and British or English public education.

Screwtape appears to understand very well the nature of human minds and human weaknesses, although nothing about human love. He also has a way with words and a fondness for sarcasm.

title: Screwtape


text:
Talk:John Cameron (theologian)

Untitled
A minor point surely, but still worth mentioning:

I knew that it would only be a matter of days until someone added the "proper" 1911 tag. I could have done so myself of course, but deliberately decided against it. I gave up all hope long ago that there could be two alternatives existing side by side.

My dictionary tells me that "if a thing incorporates something else, it includes it as one of the parts that make up the whole thing." Well, the John Cameron article does not incorporate the 1911 Britannica text; it is the 1911 Britannica text.  01:25, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Cameron (theologian)


text:
Wind River Experimental Forest

The Wind River Experimental Forest is an ecological and silvicultural research in Stabler, Washington, in the United States. Used as a research site by the U.S. Forest Service beginning in 1908, and functioning as an experimental forest since 1932, it is "known as the cradle of forest research in the Pacific Northwest". The site is probably best known for the Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility (WRCCRF), a 285 ft-high freestanding tower crane which supported an 8-person gondola allowing scientists to view the forest canopy from above. The tallest trees in the forest are about 220 ft.

Many studies at Wind River continue for decades. This long-term research has resulted in important findings about forest ecology and management.

Location
It is located west of the Cascade Range in the south-central area of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest, north of the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. It is about a 1.5-hour drive east of Vancouver, Washington, in the Mount Adams Ranger District.

History
Research at Wind River began with the assignment of Forest Service scientist Thornton T. Munger in 1908 to the new North Pacific District in Portland, Oregon. Munger began studying the Douglas fir trees of the western Cascades, setting up research plots throughout the Wind River area. In 1910, Munger, along with Julius Kummel, established a permanent nursery at Wind River, near the existing Hemlock Ranger Station on the Columbia National Forest (today the Gifford Pinchot National Forest). In 1912, Munger established the Wind River Arboretum to study the sustainability of exotic trees in the Pacific Northwest environment.

The successful research operations already in place at Wind River led to the Forest Service officially designating the site as the Wind River Experiment Station in 1913. The Wind River Experiment Station became the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station in 1924, with operations based in Portland, Oregon and Thornton Munger as director. In 1932, the research area was officially designated as the Wind River Experimental Forest.

The WRCCRF
The WRCCRF was established in 1994 and erected in 1995 as a cooperative scientific and educational venture among the University of Washington (UW) College of Forest Resources, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. The crane is a Liebherr 550 HC freestanding tower crane with a load jib extension purchased from Morrow Crane Company, Inc., of Salem, Oregon.

According to an article by Sandra Hines, "While scientists have studied the tropical rain forest canopy for years with cranes, this is the first extensive study of the temperate forest canopy." UW professor Jerry Franklin (who Hines describes as "the guiding force behind the crane") said that the study demonstrates that temperate conifer forests are better at banking carbon than any other ecosystem in the world, certainly more than tropical forests on a per unit area basis, at least 178 tons per acre (40 kg/m2.) This finding could have significant impact on strategies to fight global warming.

The WRCCRF ceased operation in 2011. It was retrofitted with ecological monitoring sensors as part of the National Ecological Observatory Network.

Administration
It is administered cooperatively by the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station and Gifford Pinchot National Forest, and is one of ten experimental areas associated with the United States Department of Agriculture's Pacific Northwest Research Station.

The experimental forest has two administrative units: the Trout Creek and Panther Creek divisions. The Trout Creek division has old-growth forests, stands that originated after large wildfires in the first third of the 20th century, and young stands regenerated after clearcuts in the last half of the 20th century. The Panther Creek division has mature stands that grew after a fire in the early 1840s and young stands from more recent clearcuts.

title: Wind River Experimental Forest


text:
Hainburg an der Donau

Hainburg an der Donau (also referred to simply as Hainburg) is a town located in the Bruck an der Leitha district in the state of Lower Austria of eastern Austria. In 2021 it had a population of about 7,000.

Geography
Hainburg is located on the right bank of the Danube river. It is located 12 kilometres west of the Slovak capital Bratislava and 43 kilometres east of the Austrian capital Vienna. It is part of the Industrial Quarter (Industrieviertel) of the state of Lower Austria.

45.87% of the town municipality's land is forested, while 54.13% is used for agriculture and urban areas.

History

 * The first settlers in the area were the Illyrians and the Celtic people, who lived on the Braunsberg hill.
 * Roman era: The area was under the influence of the nearby town of Carnuntum, the capital of the province of Pannonia Superior, where Marcus Aurelius once resided.
 * 1050: Emperor Henry III ordered a castle built here.
 * 13th century: The town had 2 gates, 15 towers, and a 2.5 km wall.
 * 1108: The castle belonged to the Babenbergers.
 * Around 1220 to 1225: The ransom received from Richard the Lionheart built the castle and the Viennese gate.
 * 11 February 1252: Ottokar II, later the King of Bohemia, married the last Babenberger Margaret of Austria.
 * 1267 to 1268: Ottokar II of Bohemia built the lower part of the castle.
 * 1278: In the Battle of Dürnkrut, Ottokar II lost the castle to the Habsburgs.
 * 1482: Siege of Hainburg: after several months siege the castle was occupied by Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus and his Black Army.
 * 1629: The castle belonged to the city.
 * 11 July 1683: The Second Ottoman Campaign destroyed the city and the castle.
 * 1709: Count Löwenberg rebuilt the castle.
 * 1738: Joseph Haydn the composer came to Hainburg as a six-year-old child to learn the rudiments of music from his relative Josef Mathias Franck. He sang as a choirboy. There is a Haydn Fountain on the Hauptplatz in the town.
 * 19th century: Hainburg gained a garrison.
 * End of the First World War: From now Hainburg was the easternmost town in Austria.
 * 1984: Occupation of the Hainburger Au: Protesters against plans to put a power station in the Hainburger Au of the Danube forced the government of Austria to withdraw.
 * Today: Hainburg is part of the Danube-Auen National Park.

Sites of interest

 * Castle hill
 * Danube-Auen National Park, floodplain forest
 * Braunsberg, hill with Celtic fortress
 * Wienertor (Vienna Gate): built in the 13th century, largest still existing medieval gate in Europe. Today it contains the city museum.
 * The Philippus-und-Jakobus-Kirche, a catholic church, was built in 1263 and rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1683
 * Protestant Church, opened in April 2011, newly built by the Austrian architect group Coop Himmelb(l)au

Economics and infrastructure
In 2001, there were 242 businesses and 29 agricultural and forestry businesses. There were 2,512 employed persons. The productivity rate was 45.07%. There were 70 unemployed persons.

Twin towns – sister cities
Hainburg an der Donau is twinned with the following towns and cities:

 * Nieder-Roden (Rodgau), 🇩🇪 Germany, since 1975
 * Šamorín, 🇸🇰 Slovakia, since 2008

Notable people

 * Mathias Haydn (1699–1763), the father of two notable composers, Joseph (1732–1809) and Michael Haydn (1737–1806). Mathias was a wheelwright in nearby Rohrau, where he also served as the village mayor. Joseph was sent to boarding school in Hainburg.

title: Hainburg an der Donau


text:
User talk:C i wood

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

Image copyright
Thank you for uploading Image:M1HelmetDiagram.gif and for stating the source. However, its copyright status is unclear, so it may have to be deleted. If it is open content or public domain, please give proof of this on the image page. If the image is fair use, please provide a rationale. Thank you.And also Image:M1linerkorea.jpg.--Aqua 08:54, Mar 27, 2005 (UTC)

Patty
Regarding this edit; please don't remove "citation needed" tags without providing a citation (or with good reason, preferably via the talk page). If this stuff really is accurate, it should be possible to find a good reference before building on it. Fourohfour 19:35, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Farage
I've just deleted your unreferenced edit to this page. Please tell me that wasn't vandalism. If it was, consider this a first warning. If not, please show references, as this is a delicate subject. PanydThe muffin is not subtle 16:12, 16 May 2014 (UTC)

 * I should point out, you made two silly edits - the obvious one, and you uploaded a bad image. And this account has fixed loads of pages... eight years ago. And then it went idle. And then suddenly it reactivates, and its only actions are politically-themed vandalism. Do you understand why that seems like a compromised account? DS (talk) 14:08, 30 May 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:C i wood


text:
WrestleMania X

WrestleMania X was the 10th annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It took place on March 20, 1994, at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York. The central focus of the pay-per-view was the WWF Championship, which was defended in two matches. Due to Lex Luger and Bret Hart being named the co-winners of the 1994 Royal Rumble match, both challenged champion Yokozuna. Luger was first but was disqualified for pushing the referee. Hart faced Yokozuna later in the evening and won the championship by pinning Yokozuna. This led to a lengthy worked feud between Bret and his brother Owen, who had defeated Bret in the opening match of the pay-per-view.

Several other major feuds were also highlighted. Razor Ramon defeated Shawn Michaels in a Ladder match to resolve an angle in which the two had argued over the rightful holder of the WWF Intercontinental Championship. Bam Bam Bigelow gained revenge against Doink the Clown, with whom he had been feuding, by teaming with Luna Vachon to defeat Doink and his partner Dink. Randy Savage settled his feud with Crush by defeating him in a Falls Count Anywhere match.

WrestleMania X was the first edition of the event not to include Hulk Hogan, who had been seen as the public face of the WWF. The card also marked Randy Savage's last televised match for the company.

Background
WrestleMania is considered the World Wrestling Federation's (WWF, now WWE) flagship pay-per-view (PPV) event, having first been held in 1985. It is held annually between mid-March to mid-April. It was the first of the WWF's original four pay-per-views, which includes Royal Rumble, SummerSlam, and Survivor Series, which were dubbed the "Big Four", and one of the "Big Five", along with King of the Ring that was established in 1993. WrestleMania X was scheduled to be held on March 20, 1994, at Madison Square Garden in New York, New York, the same venue of the first WrestleMania.

Storylines
The storyline surrounding the WWF Championship began at the 1994 Royal Rumble when the final two wrestlers, Lex Luger and Bret Hart, simultaneously eliminated each other. After a disagreement between two referees, Jack Tunney, the WWF President, declared Luger and Hart co-winners. Tunney announced that both wrestlers would get a WWF Championship match at WrestleMania, the prize given to the winner of the Royal Rumble match, and both wrestlers would have to wrestle two matches for the pay-per-view.

Tunney announced that a coin toss would be used to decide who faced Yokozuna for the belt first. If Luger won, he would face Yokozuna first. Hart would then wrestle his brother Owen Hart before facing the winner of the Luger-Yokozuna match. If Hart won the coin toss, he would get the first title shot, and Luger would wrestle Crush earlier on the card. On the January 31, 1994 episode of Monday Night Raw, Luger won the coin toss and the right to face Yokozuna first.

Bret Hart was booked to face his brother Owen, with whom he was in the middle of a feud. The storyline between the Hart brothers began at Survivor Series 1993, where they were competing on the same side of an elimination match. As Owen was fighting in the ring, Bret, who had sustained a kayfabe injury, was staggering along the ring apron. Owen ran into Bret, causing Owen to lose his focus and get eliminated from the match. After the match, Owen returned to the ring and had a confrontation with Bret. In the following weeks, Owen demanded a match with Bret, but Bret refused to accept the challenge. Eventually, the storyline had the brothers reunite to face The Quebecers at Royal Rumble 1994. During the match, Bret sustained another kayfabe injury, causing the referee to end the match. In a planned turn, Owen got upset by the loss and attacked Bret to restart the feud.

Luger's feud with Yokozuna began on July 4, 1993, at the Yokozuna Bodyslam Challenge. In June, Mr. Fuji, Yokozuna's manager, challenged all American athletes to attempt to bodyslam Yokozuna on the deck of the USS Intrepid (CV-11). After several athletes failed, the storyline saw Luger arrive by helicopter and successfully bodyslam Yokozuna. This began a strong push for Luger, who was then scheduled to challenge Yokozuna for the WWF Championship at SummerSlam 1993. Luger won the match by countout but did not win the title. The WWF claimed that the match stipulations did not allow Luger a rematch. The storyline saw Luger campaigning for entry into the 1994 Royal Rumble, as he wanted the title shot that would be given to the winner. Luger was eventually entered into the match, although The Great Kabuki and Genichiro Tenryu were also entered, on Mr. Fuji's behalf, to attempt to prevent Luger from winning. Kabuki and Tenryu were unsuccessful, however, as Luger won the match and gained a match for the WWF Championship.

The storyline leading to the match between "Macho Man" Randy Savage and Crush focused on the supposedly strained friendship between the two wrestlers. On the July 12, 1993, episode of Monday Night Raw, Crush challenged Yokozuna for the WWF Championship. At the end of the match, Yokozuna performed the Banzai Drop to win the match. After the match, he performed three more Banzai Drops while various wrestlers ran to the ring to stop the attack. Savage eventually came to the ring to help Crush. Following the match, Crush was not seen on televised matches for several months, although he continued to appear at house shows. On October 18, Crush appeared on Monday Night Raw accompanied by Yokozuna and Yokozuna's manager, Mr. Fuji. Crush criticized Savage for not intervening sooner during the July 12 match. In a worked promo, Crush announced that he had turned against Savage and the United States in order to align himself with Yokozuna and Fuji. He then attacked Savage by dropping him on the ringside guard rail. Yokozuna performed the Banzai Drop on Savage before a group of referees came to the ring to break up the fight. During the November 8, 1993 episode of Monday Night Raw, Savage left his position as commentator to attack Crush. The following week, Jack Tunney announced that Savage was suspended from commentating as a result of the previous week's attack. The feud intensified at Survivor Series 1993 when Savage and Crush caused each other to be eliminated from their respective matches.

Bam Bam Bigelow and Doink the Clown was engaged in a feud that began in the fall of 1993. Doink annoyed Bigelow with a series of pranks, such as throwing water and confetti on him and tripping him with a broom. Bigelow retaliated against Doink and Doink's midget sidekick Dink. A match was booked for Survivor Series 1993, but Bigelow was unable to get revenge because Doink did not compete. Instead, the WWF prolonged the feud by having Bigelow's team face The Bushwhackers and Men on a Mission dressed as Doinks. The feud eventually culminated in a match scheduled for WrestleMania X. In the match, Bigelow and his storyline girlfriend Luna Vachon competed against Doink and Dink in a Mixed tag team match.

The feud between Razor Ramon and Shawn Michaels also dated back to the fall of 1993. Jack Tunney announced that he was stripping Michaels of the WWF Intercontinental Championship for not defending the title often enough. There have been reports that the real reason for vacating the title was because Michaels refused to drop the belt. Ramon won the title after competing in a battle royal and defeating Rick Martel, the other finalist in the match. In the angle, Michaels refused to acknowledge the title change, however, as he insisted that he was the true Intercontinental Champion. To gain revenge against Ramon for taking the belt, Michaels attacked Ramon and helped Irwin R. Schyster to steal Ramon's gold chains.

Event
In a dark match before the pay-per-view aired, The Heavenly Bodies faced The Bushwhackers. Near the end of the match, The Bushwhackers gained control when they performed the Battering Ram on Jimmy Del Ray. Tom Prichard, Del Ray's partner, attacked Bushwhacker Butch before he was able to pin Del Ray. This allowed Del Ray to recover and pin Butch to win the match. As the broadcast began, Vince McMahon and Jerry Lawler were introduced as commentators for the event and Little Richard sang "America the Beautiful".

The first televised match was between Bret and Owen Hart. The beginning of the match went back and forth with neither wrestler gaining a strong advantage. The tension between the two was demonstrated by Owen's bragging and Bret's refusal to let Owen leave the ring. Owen eventually gained momentum by using a camel clutch on Bret and performing suplexes and a Tombstone piledriver. When Owen stood outside the ring to recuperate, Bret jumped over the top rope to attack him. Bret landed awkwardly, however, and suffered a kayfabe injury to his knee. Owen used a figure four leglock to capitalize on Bret's sore leg. Bret was able to recover, and he kicked Owen in the back of the head and used a Bulldog and sleeper hold to weaken Owen. Owen regained the advantage, however, and applied the Sharpshooter on Bret. Bret was able to escape and perform a Sharpshooter on Owen. Bret then attempted to end the match with a victory roll, but Owen blocked it and pinned Bret to win the match.

Sy Sperling, the president of hair restoration company Hair Club for Men, appeared in the ring before the next match. He announced that he was at WrestleMania to introduce one of his latest clients, ring announcer Howard Finkel. Finkel came to the ring wearing a toupée, showing off his new hair while the crowd applauded. The match then began, as Bam Bam Bigelow and Luna Vachon came to the ring to face Doink the Clown and Dink. Bigelow attacked Doink at the beginning of the match with a dropkick and a powerslam. When Dink entered the match, the rules stated that Bigelow had to tag Vachon into the match. Dink ran around the ring avoiding Vachon, but she eventually caught him. She kicked him and powerslammed him, but she then missed a moonsault attempt. Doink and Bigelow re-entered the match, and Doink performed a DDT on Bigelow. Bigelow reversed the momentum to win the match after a diving headbutt on Doink. Bigelow pinned Doink to win the match, and he and Vachon then attacked Dink.

The next match was a Falls Count Anywhere match between Randy Savage and Crush. The rules stated that any time a wrestler was pinned, he then had to make it back inside the ring within sixty seconds or he would lose the match. Savage tried to attack Crush before the bell rang, but Crush reversed the attack. He used a tilt-a-whirl backbreaker to injure Savage and then dropped Savage across the guard rail to get the first pinfall. While Savage was returning to the ring, Mr. Fuji hit him with the Japanese flag to stall him. Savage made it back to the ring with two seconds remaining, so the match continued. Inside the ring, Crush tried to throw salt in Savage's eyes, but Savage countered by throwing the salt in Crush's eyes. Savage then performed a diving elbow drop and rolled Crush outside of the ring for the pinfall. Fuji helped revive Crush, which allowed Crush to return to the ring before the count had expired. Savage and Crush then brawled down the aisle and into a room backstage. Savage scored a pinfall and tied Crush's legs to a pulley. Crush was left hanging upside down and could not return to the ring, so Savage was declared the winner.

Alundra Blayze defended her WWF Women's Championship against Leilani Kai in the next match. Blayze began the match by using a leg sweep and two sunset flips. Kai came back with a powerslam and a suplex. Blayze got the win, however, by pinning Kai after performing a German suplex.

In the next match, Men on a Mission challenged The Quebecers for the WWF Tag Team Championship. Although The Quebecers attacked Men on a Mission before the bell, Mabel quickly recovered and clotheslined both Quebecers. The Quebecers used several double-team moves against their opponents, but Mabel reversed the momentum after Pierre missed a senton bomb. Mabel eventually missed an Avalanche, allowing The Quebecers to suplex him. The Quebecers performed an assisted senton on Mabel but did not get a pinfall. Men on a Mission regained the advantage, prompting The Quebecers' manager, Johnny Polo, to pull his wrestlers out of the ring. Men on a Mission won the match by countout, but they did not win the belts.

The first WWF Championship match came next, as Lex Luger challenged Yokozuna. Mr. Perfect was revealed to be the guest referee for the match, while Donnie Wahlberg was the guest ring announcer and Rhonda Shear was the guest timekeeper. After a verbal confrontation between Luger and Yokozuna, Luger gained the early advantage by knocking Yokozuna out of the ring. After getting back into the ring, Yokozuna removed the turnbuckle padding from a corner of the ring. Yokozuna used a nerve hold and a belly to belly suplex to wear down Luger. As he tried to throw Luger's head into the exposed turnbuckle, however, Luger blocked him and hit Yokozuna's head into the turnbuckle. Luger then performed clotheslines and a powerslam on Yokozuna before knocking Yokozuna kayfabe unconscious with a running forearm smash. Yokozuna's managers, Mr. Fuji and Jim Cornette jumped onto the ring apron to distract Luger, and Luger pulled them into the ring and attacked them. Luger covered Yokozuna, but Mr. Perfect was tending to the fallen managers and did not make the count. When Luger pushed him, Mr. Perfect disqualified Luger and left the ring, thereby turning heel.

Adam Bomb and his manager Harvey Wippleman entered the ring for the next match, and Wippleman criticized Finkel's new hair and tore the pocket off Finkel's suit. Earthquake came to the ring and attacked Bomb from behind. He powerslammed Bomb and performed the Earthquake splash to get the pinfall victory in thirty-five seconds.

For the Ladder match, the Intercontinental belts belonging to Razor Ramon and Shawn Michaels were both hanging above the ring, and the first wrestler to use the ladder to reach both belts would be declared the winner. Ramon began the match by chokeslamming Michaels. Michaels recovered, however, and performed a neckbreaker on Ramon. Michaels then threw Ramon out to the ringside, where Michaels' bodyguard Diesel clotheslined Ramon. Referee Earl Hebner responded by ordering Diesel to return to the dressing rooms. Ramon pulled up the padding from the concrete floor, but he was later thrown onto it after Michaels reversed Ramon's attempt to perform the Razor's Edge. While Ramon was lying on the floor, Michaels brought the ladder to the ring and used it to hit Ramon in the stomach, chest, and back. Michaels tried to retrieve the belts, but Ramon stopped him from climbing the ladder. Michaels then set the ladder up in the corner of the ring and performed a splash onto Ramon. Ramon recovered and Irish whipped Michaels into the ladder. He then hit Michaels with the ladder several times before both men tried to climb up to get the belts. Ramon suplexed Michaels off the ladder and tried to reach the belts. Michaels dropkicked the ladder, which caused Ramon to fall off. Michaels performed a superkick and a piledriver on Ramon and then propped the ladder up in the corner of the ring. Michaels climbed the turnbuckles, jumped onto the ladder, and used his weight to push it down across Ramon's chest. Michaels tried to retrieve the belts again, but Ramon pushed him off. Michaels fell into the ropes and got tangled up, allowing Ramon to get the belts and win the undisputed Intercontinental Championship.

A ten-man tag team match was supposed to take place next, but it was canceled due to time constraints. The kayfabe reason given was that the heel team (Irwin R. Schyster, The Headshrinkers, Rick Martel and Jeff Jarrett) could not agree on who would be the team's captain for the match. Their opponents were scheduled to be the face team of the 1–2–3 Kid, Sparky Plugg, Tatanka and The Smoking Gunns. Bob Holly ("Sparky Plugg"), stated in his 2013 autobiography The Hardcore Truth that the timekeeper backstage repeatedly told the referee over his earpiece to end the ladder match, but Michaels and Ramon ignored him and kept wrestling until officials were forced to cancel the tag team match.

The final match of the night and main event was the WWF Championship match between Yokozuna and Bret Hart. The guest referee for the match was "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, while the guest ring announcer was Burt Reynolds and the guest timekeeper was Jennie Garth. Yokozuna attacked Hart before the bell, and Hart attempted a couple of comebacks in vain. Eventually, Yokozuna made a mistake and allowed Hart to knock him to the mat. Cornette tried to distract Piper, but Piper punched him and knocked him off the ring apron. Yokozuna performed a leg drop on Hart but then missed an Avalanche attempt. Bret maintained the advantage for a little while, but Yokozuna came back with a belly to belly suplex. When Yokozuna attempted the Banzai drop, however, he lost his balance and fell to the mat. Hart quickly pinned Yokozuna to win the title. This match also marked the first time in WWF (now WWE) history that two wrestlers faced each other in a WWF World Title match at two consecutive WrestleManias.

Afterwards, Bret Hart celebrated in the ring with several of the face wrestlers including Lex Luger, "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, Razor Ramon, Tatanka, The 1–2–3 Kid, Sparky Plugg and "Macho Man" Randy Savage. Others who joined in the celebration included Burt Reynolds, Rhonda Shear, Donnie Wahlberg, and WWF commentators Gorilla Monsoon and Vince McMahon. Owen Hart stood in the aisle, glaring at Bret, then quickly left, the brothers would continue their feud for the remainder of 1994, with the WWF Championship often on the line.

Reception
The event was attended by 18,065 people, who paid a total of $960,000 in admission fees. The buy-rate for this pay-per-view was 1.68, down from the 2.0 buy-rate that the previous WrestleMania had achieved.

The event received positive reviews from various websites and wrestling publications. In 2010, Rob McNew of 411mania gave the event an overall score of 9.0 out of 10.0 and noted that WrestleMania X "may lack a lot of historical significance due to being during a relative downtime for the business, but this show kicked all kinds of ass." He further noted that "Bret-Owen and Razor-Shawn were both coin flip choices for not only match of the year, but match of the decade as well." He concluded the review citing how WrestleMania X was "easily one of the top five Wrestlemania’s ever."

Much of the praise towards the event was aimed at the ladder match between Shawn Michaels and Razor Ramon. McNew of 411mania cited the match as "downright groundbreaking for the time" and an "amazing match that put the ladder match on the map." It received a five-star rating from Dave Meltzer and was voted Match of the Year (1994) by readers of his Wrestling Observer Newsletter publication. Pro Wrestling Illustrated readers also named that match PWI Match of the Year (1994). It was placed #3 on IGN's Top 20 Matches in Wrestlemania History and described as "one of the most ground-breaking matches in wrestling history".

The opening match between Owen Hart and Bret Hart has also garnered acclaim. McNew described it as the "best opening match in professional wrestling history". It was also #4 on the list of IGN's Top 20 Matches in Wrestlemania History; writer Jon Robinson described it as "the best opening match in pay-per-view history." Multi-time world champion Chris Jericho stated: "For me, the best match on [WrestleMania X] was always Bret vs. Owen, and it kicked off the show and it was hard to follow...the story was amazing, it was kind of Owen's coronation – it was a great moment". Mike "The General" Lambertson, a former professional wrestler from Deep South Wrestling and contributor to voicesofwrestling.com called the match “The greatest sports entertainment event in Madison Square Garden’s history” on episode 138 of the "Talk is Jericho" podcast.

Aftermath
Men on a Mission continued to challenge The Quebecers for the tag team belts. Men on a Mission won the title on March 29, 1994. This is said to have been an unplanned title change, as Mabel accidentally fell on Pierre to get the pinfall. This title reign lasted only two days, however, as The Quebecers won the titles back in a rematch.

Lex Luger and Mr. Perfect were scheduled to face each other in a series of matches on the WrestleMania Revenge Tour. Mr. Perfect was replaced by Crush, however, and Mr. Perfect did not appear again in the WWF until Survivor Series 1995.

Adam Bomb and Earthquake had a rematch on the April 4, 1994 episode of Monday Night Raw, which Earthquake won. The feud did not progress any further, as Earthquake left the WWF for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in May 1994. Wippleman and Finkel wrestled a series of Tuxedo matches in 1994 that culminated in a match on the January 9, 1995 episode of Monday Night Raw. Finkel defeated Wippleman in a final Tuxedo match to end the feud.

A few weeks after the match between Shawn Michaels and Razor Ramon, Diesel begin to challenge Ramon for the Intercontinental championship. Michaels helped Diesel defeat Ramon for the title on April 13, 1994. This win began a push for Diesel that saw him win the WWF's Triple Crown Championship in one calendar year.

The ten-man tag team match took place on the April 4, 1994 edition of Monday Night Raw. The heel team won, as Irwin R. Schyster pinned the 1–2–3 Kid to win the match.

Bret and Owen Hart continued their feud throughout 1994. At King of the Ring, their real-life brother-in-law and Bret's former tag team partner Jim Neidhart became involved in the angle by helping Owen win the tournament. During the coronation ceremony, Owen announced that he wanted to be referred to as the "King of Harts". At SummerSlam, Bret successfully defended his title against Owen in a Steel cage match but was attacked after the match by Owen and Neidhart, prompting another brother-in-law, Davey Boy Smith, to get involved on Bret's side. At Survivor Series, the storyline saw Owen partially responsible for costing Bret the WWF Championship. Bret faced Bob Backlund in a match with the stipulation that the winner would be declared when a competitor's cornerman threw a towel into the ring to signify a submission. After Owen caused Smith to knock himself unconscious, Owen pretended to feel sympathy for Bret. While Backlund had Bret in a crossface Chickenwing, the angle had Owen convince his mother Helen to throw in Bret's towel, enabling Backlund to win the match and the title. After the match, Owen celebrated with Backlund and showed that he was faking the concern for his brother.

title: WrestleMania X


text:
Reinaldo Navia

Reinaldo Marcelino Navia Amador (born 10 May 1978) is a retired Chilean footballer.

Navia was a member of the Chile national squad that competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics at Sydney, making an offensive duo with the historic Chilean striker Ivan Zamorano and earning a bronze medal.

Early career
Born and raised in Quillota, he joined Santiago Wanderers youth ranks for made his professional debut with the team in 1995, aged 17.

After five successful seasons in Wanderers, he was transferred to UAG Tecos of Mexico in 2001. He remained in Tecos during two seasons, scoring 30 goals in 62 appearances.

In January 2003, Navia joined Monarcas Morelia. He immediately greatly impressed to Monarcas, scoring in one season scored 26 goals over the Torneo Clausura and Apertura. At the end of season, it was rumored that many clubs of Europe were interested in him.

América
In December 2003, was announced that América's Dutchman coach Leo Beenhakker was interested in having Navia in his squad after his notable season in Morelia. On 26 December, it was announced that Navia signed a three-year contract with América, receiving a salary of $1.4 million per season for an undisclosed fee. One day later he was presented as new player of the club.

He made his club debut in the InterLiga 2004 in a 3–2 victory over Atlante, scoring a twice during the game. On 14 January, he again scored for InterLiga, now against his former club Morelia in a 3–1 away win. In the first leg final, Navia scored twice in the 2–1 win against Atlas. Finally América was champion of the InterLiga qualifying to the Copa Libertadores and Navia was the goalscorer of the tournament with 6 goals. On 24 January, Navia made his league in the Clásico Joven against Cruz Azul. His first goal in the league was at the 2nd minute of game in a 3–2 win against Veracruz. On 11 March, Navia scored an important goal for the Libertadores in a 2–1 win over São Caetano with an impressive header at the 85th minute. On 11 May, Navia scored the only goal of América in the 1–0 win at the derby against Guadalajara with a semi-bicycle kick. Because of the incidents that he and six teammates performed in the game against São Caetano, Navia had to pay a fine of $180.000.

On 6 November 2004, Navia suffered a serious injury in the 1–0 victory over UANL Tigres in a league game at Estadio Azteca. Six days later, América confirmed one week later that Navia had ruptured the kneecap ligament in his left knee. On 23 July 2005, Navia back to play for América after eight months for the Campeón de Campeones final as a 30th-minute substitution in a 0–0 draw against Pumas UNAM. In October, was revelated that La Liga side Racing de Santander are interesting on sign to Navia in a six-months loan.

In December 2005, Monterrey's coach Miguel Herrera confirmed the arrival of Navia to The Striped Ones for replace to Guillermo Franco. In the Clausura 2006, he only scored 3 goals in 13 appearances. In the Holy week, Navia was excluded from the squad because he was not present in a training with the reserves squad and also the president of the club accused him of being guilty of the bad season of Monterrey. On 29 May, Navia joined San Luis. After another irregular season, in 2007 he moved to Atlas.

Racing and LDU Quito
After of failed to join Colo-Colo for indiscipline problems in the Copa América, on 24 August 2007, Navia had come to verbal agreements with Racing Club de Avellaneda, being presented as new player of the club one day later saying: "I want to collaborate in a team that need be champion".

Navia made his Primera División debut for the Academy on 3 October, as a 73rd-minute substitution in a 3–2 home defeat against Tigre. Three days later he made his first start for Racing in a 2–2 draw with Rosario Central, being replaced in the 63rd minute. His firsts 90th minutes for the club was in the last week of the tournament against in a 1–0 victory over Colón. He had more continuity in the team during the season 2008, especially in the final part of the tournament with the coach Juan Manuel Llop. On 17 May, as a starter he scored his first goal for the club at 14th minute in a 2–1 loss against Boca Juniors at La Bombonera.

Navia joined LDU Quito on 24 July 2008, signing a one-year contract for an undisclosed fee. Shortly after his arrival he looked his move to Quito as a chance for return to the Chile national team after an abrupt departure after of the Copa América 2007.

His debut came on 14 August for the first round Copa Sudamericana against Bolívar, game on that he scored the club's fourth goal in a 4–2 victory. Navia made his first league appearance in a 0–0 draw with Tecnico Universitario. For the Sudamericana in the second leg of the first round's, he scored his side's goal in a 2–1 away loss to Bolívar. On 14 September, he scored a goal against Deportivo Cuenca at 90-minute, defeating 2–1 to Cuenca. His goal made that Liga qualified to the playoffs in the second place of the Group stage. In the final stage the club was runner-up of the tournament and in the league last game he scored a twice in a 4–3 victory over Macará.

On 21 December 2008, he played in the final of the FIFA Club World Cup against Manchester United as an 87th-minute substitution for Luis Bolaños. In this game Liga was defeated 1–0 with a goal of Wayne Rooney at 73rd minute. After of the runner-up achieved the club, many fans at Casa Blanca Stadium received to the team in his arrival to Ecuador. Navia affirmed that he are very excited as his teammates. On 16 February 2009, he suffered a two-months injury risking his permanence in the team, because his contract expire on June.

Santiago Morning
On 6 August 2009, after a failed transfer to Universidad Católica, he joined to Santiago Morning for an undisclosed fee on a six-months deal with purchase option for one season, because that he not had an option of play in other club international. In the same day, he was presented as new player of Morning with the number 10 and he said: "Do not compare myself to anyone... I have made my career, I know who I am, I know I can give and I hope to perform" affirmed Navia.

At the end of the month, he made his morning debut against Cobresal as a 59th-minute substitute for Miguel Hernández. On 26 September, he scored his first goal in his return to Chile in a 3–1 victory over Universidad de Chile at Francisco Sánchez Rumoroso Stadium. In his third appearance for the Copa Chile against Curicó Unido he scored his second for the club. Because of the good morning performance in the regular phase of the tournament, the team qualified to the playoffs, but was eliminated in the semifinals by Católica, in the second leg of the semifinals, Navia scored his third side's goal in a 5–3 loss to Las Condes's side.

Return to Mexico
In December 2009, he failed to join to CD Veracruz, because the known 'gentlemen's deal' that he agreed when he played for América in 2004 and shortly after he was released, for the pact the 'eagles' charged US$300.000. During February 2010, he was on trial with the Major League Soccer side New England Revolution, he was on talks with the team. After he failed to join to Revolution, was announced that Navia had come to verbal agreements with Sporting Cristal of Peru, but he despite this offer for economic issues, including after of pass the medical and immediately joined to Irapuato of the Liga de Ascenso. Navia's club debut came on 24 July in a 1–0 defeat against Mérida at Carlos Iturrialde Stadium. He scored his first goal for Irapuato in a 4–1 victory over La Piedad. At the end of season, he resigned his contract and finished as released player.

Ñublense
On 5 March 2011, it was announced that Navia returned to Chilean football for join Ñublense, replacing Luis Flores Abarca, who retired due to heart problems. On 13 March, he made his league debut for the club in a 2–0 defeat against Universidad Católica. In his second game for the club, he scored his first goal for the club and the only of the match against Unión San Felipe after a penalty kick scored in the 16th minute.

Atlanta Silverbacks
Navia signed with Atlanta Silverbacks of the second division North American Soccer League on 5 January 2012.

International career
Navia was a frequent player at forward for the Chile national team, where he wore Iván Zamorano's classic number; 9. He made his international debut on 17 February 1999, in a match against Guatemala. Prior to this, he played for Chile B against England B on February 10, 1998. Chile won by 2-1. In 2007, it was rumored that he might return to his homeland to play for Colo-Colo to replace the departing Humberto Suazo, however, in July 2007, Colo-Colo announced they would not take him due to his bad behavior during the 2007 Copa América in Venezuela. He was never called up again.

Club

 * Santiago Wanderers
 * Segunda División de Chile (1): 1995

 * América
 * Mexican Primera División (1): 2005 Clausura
 * Campeón de Campeones (1): 2005

International

 * Chile
 * 2000 Summer Olympics (1): Bronze

Individual

 * Atlanta Silverbacks
 * NASL Player of the Month: April 2012
 * NASL Player of the Week: Week 4, 2012

title: Reinaldo Navia


text: User talk:205.174.80.178

title: User talk:205.174.80.178


text:
Ben Elbert Douglas Sr.

Benjamin Elbert Douglas Sr. (September 3, 1894 – July 27, 1981) was the mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina from 1935 to 1941. He administered the construction of an airport for Charlotte. Charlotte Douglas International Airport, as the airport is named today, was named after him in 1954. A Democrat, he was also the first mayor of Charlotte who was directly elected by voters pursuant to a change in the city charter.

Biography
Douglas was born in Iredell County, North Carolina on September 3, 1894. He served in the United States Army during World War I.

In 1946 Ben Douglas founded Douglas Furs, after Franklin D. Roosevelt asked a personal favor of Ben Sr. – to find a way to clean the fleece-lined fur-trimmed flight jackets for the soldiers flying in the then current war in Europe. He used his knowledge gained in the dry cleaning business (he owned one in Charlotte prior) and his ingenuity gained him a government contract and later a thriving business in the fur trade. Douglas also was the relentless lobbyist for the now well-traveled Independence Boulevard. Mary Louise Douglas (his widow) continued to work at Douglas Furs 3 days a week until her death on December 29, 2007. The store is lined with historical text, newspaper articles of his election, and pictures of Ben and his accomplishments.

Douglas directed the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development from 1953 to 1955. In 1956, Douglas unsuccessfully ran for Congress.

title: Ben Elbert Douglas Sr.


text:
Bad for Good

Bad for Good is the only studio album by American songwriter Jim Steinman. Steinman wrote all of the songs and performed on most, although Rory Dodd contributed lead vocals on some tracks.

The songs were originally intended to be recorded by Meat Loaf as a follow-up to Bat Out of Hell, titled Renegade Angel. However, Meat Loaf suffered vocal problems and was unable to sing. He would record several tracks from Bad for Good for his later albums.

Critical reaction to the album was mixed, with a majority of the criticism directed at Steinman's vocals. However, the album was a major commercial success, breaking the UK Top 10.

History
In the midst of the success of Bat Out of Hell, management and the record company put pressure on Steinman to stop touring in order to write a follow-up, provisionally titled Renegade Angel. Steinman joined Meat Loaf and his band for a live performance in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1978 with the intention of going through the songs for the new album after the show. However, someone broke into their dressing rooms during the show and stole several possessions, including the new lyric book. Many of the stolen songs would later appear on Bad for Good: "Surf's Up", "Left in the Dark" and "Out of the Frying Pan." Meat Loaf jokes that he does not think that Steinman ever got over that theft.

Meat Loaf lost his voice and was unable to record Renegade Angel. Steinman says "I spent seven months trying to make a follow-up [to Bat] with him, and it was an infernal nightmare. He had lost his voice, he had lost his house, and he was pretty much losing his mind." Not being able to "bear for people not to hear those songs," Steinman recorded the album, retitled Bad for Good, as a solo project, with Rory Dodd providing lead vocals on some songs. Many musicians and backing vocalists from Bat Out of Hell performed on Bad for Good, including Roy Bittan and Max Weinberg from Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band.

Richard Corben illustrated the cover, as he had done for Bat Out of Hell. Describing the cover, Sounds magazine says "the flesh, the puppy-fat on the mid-calf, the breasts, the upturned American nose ... Corben's evocation of teenage femininity is so right! The cover, though, is the product of an alternative universe, like everything else about this album. The nude gymnasium scene is out, along with the other title 'Renegade Angel'."

Around this time, Steinman contributed all eight songs for Meat Loaf's album Dead Ringer, which was also released in 1981.

Compositions
The first two songs, "Bad for Good" and "Lost Boys and Golden Girls", were two of many songs written by Steinman under the inspiration of Peter Pan and lost boys who never grow up. This is reflected in lyrics in "Bad for Good" such as "You know I'm gonna be like this forever: I'm never gonna be what I should." The composer says that Peter Pan has "always been about my favorite story and I've always looked at it from the perspective that it's a great rock 'n' roll myth because it's about – when you get right down to it – it's about a gang of lost boys who never grow up, who are going to be young forever and that's about as perfect an image for rock'n'roll as I can think of." "Lost Boys and Golden Girls" is the basis for the musical Neverland, which Steinman says is "a rock 'n' roll science fiction version of Peter Pan that takes place in a city built on the ruins of Los Angeles after a series of chemical wars." Neverland never got past the workshop stage, although the stage musical Bat Out of Hell, scheduled to open in London in 2009, is based on the same concept.

The next track, "Love and Death and an American Guitar", is a spoken word fantasy monologue, performed by Steinman that he used to do in the Meat Loaf shows. It opens by quoting lyrics from Bat Out of Hell's "Paradise by the Dashboard Light" ("I remember everything. I remember every little thing as if it happened only yesterday. I was barely seventeen"), but instead of being "barely dressed" the protagonist "once killed a boy with a Fender guitar." Influenced by The Doors, Steinman wanted to write a piece where "the rhythm wasn't coming from the drums so much as the voice – the rhythm of the spoken voice and the heartbeat behind it."

The final two tracks were originally packaged with the LP on an additional vinyl disc. "The Storm" is an orchestral piece. "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through" is, according to music website Sputnik Music, a celebration of "music being the only thing left to believe in, it is a cry to the musical gods, thanking them for the gifts they have been given." Similarly, AllMusic describes the song as "a heart-tugging testament to the inspirational power of rock and roll."

Track listing
On the original vinyl release, "The Storm" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through" were the A-side and B-side, respectively, of a 33-rpm 7" single, enclosed with the album. These tracks, according to Steinman's concept, are supposed to be the prelude and epilogue, respectively, of the album. The position of these tracks varies on the various versions: Most CDs included both at the end of the album, while cassettes place "Rock and Roll Dreams" at track 5 and "The Storm" at the end. An Australian CD release from 1989 places "The Storm" at track 1 and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through" at the end.

Reception
In addition to breaking the UK Top 10, the album reached number 63 in the Billboard Pop Albums chart, and peaked at number 14 in the Swedish Top 60 Albums. "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through" was released as the first single, reaching 14 in the Mainstream Rock chart, and number 32 in the Pop Singles chart.

The critical reaction to the album was mixed. Many reviews commented that Steinman's singing voice was inadequate for the songs. Rolling Stone, who also gave a lukewarm review of the first Bat, said "Steinman's thin, reedy voice simply cannot carry the absurd precocity of the lyrics". AllMusic also said retrospectively that Steinman "simply does not have the vocal range or lung power necessary to make this dramatic style of rock and roll work. For example...[in] "Left in the Dark", he struggles to keep up with vocal demands of this orchestral ballad, resulting in a vocal that sounds strained and occasionally off-key". Billboard magazine, though, said that "to the surprise of many, Steinman's vocals sounded stronger than expected".

AllMusic also complained "that some of the songs repeat the Bat Out of Hell formula instead of building upon it; the obvious culprit in this arena is "Dance in My Pants", a duet that gratuitously recycles the battle of the sexes verbal sparring and the multi-part structure of Meat Loaf's "Paradise by the Dashboard Light" to less-impressive effect". However, they did praise "Surf's Up" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through". They concluded that the album "is too inconsistent and eccentric to keep the attention of the casual listener, but remains an interesting listen for anyone who appreciates Jim Steinman's one-of-a-kind style of epic-size rock and roll".

Rolling Stone criticized the "Wagnerian excess, feral "rock" playing and vile choristering," suggesting that "Todd Rundgren should have his wrists slapped for choking the upper end of his guitar's neck in a vainglorious approximation of epiphany". Sounds magazine offers a positive review, saying that it is the album "you've waited nearly four years for".

Personnel

 * Musicians
 * Jim Steinman – lead vocals (except on "Lost Boys and Golden Girls", "Surf's Up" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"), co-lead vocals on “Dance in My Pants”, keyboards, spoken word
 * Rory Dodd – lead vocals on "Lost Boys and Golden Girls", "Surf's Up" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"; backing vocals
 * Karla DeVito – co-lead vocals on "Dance in My Pants"
 * Todd Rundgren – guitars, backing vocals
 * Davey Johnstone – guitars on "Bad for Good", "Stark Raving Love", "Surf's Up" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"; mandolin on "Surf's Up"
 * Kasim Sulton – bass on "Bad for Good", "Out of the Frying Pan" and "Surf's Up"; backing vocals
 * Steve Buslowe – bass on "Stark Raving Love", "Dance in My Pants" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"
 * Neil Jason – bass on "Left in the Dark"
 * Roy Bittan – piano (except on "Left in the Dark")
 * Steven Margoshes – piano on "Left in the Dark", conductor (New York Philharmonic) on "The Storm", string arrangement on "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"
 * Roger Powell – synthesizer on "Bad for Good", "Stark Raving Love" and "Dance in My Pants"
 * Larry "Synergy" Fast – synthesizer on "Love and Death and an American Guitar"
 * Max Weinberg – drums (except on "Stark Raving Love", "Dance in My Pants" and "Left in the Dark")
 * Allan Schwartzberg – drums on "Left in the Dark"
 * Joe Stefko – drums on "Stark Raving Love" and "Dance in My Pants"
 * Jimmy Maelen – percussion
 * Alan Rubin – trumpet on "Dance in My Pants" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"
 * Tom Malone – horn arrangements and trombone on "Dance in My Pants" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"
 * Lew Del Gatto – baritone saxophone on "Dance in My Pants" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"
 * Lou Marini – tenor saxophone on "Dance in My Pants" and "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through", solo on "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through"
 * Ellen Foley – backing vocals on "Bad for Good" and "Out of the Frying Pan"
 * Eric Troyer – backing vocals
 * Wil Malone – string arrangement on "Out of the Frying Pan"
 * Charles Calello – conductor (New York Philharmonic) on "Left in the Dark"

 * Production
 * Producers: John Jansen, Todd Rundgren, Jim Steinman, Jimmy Iovine
 * Engineers: Tom Edmonds, John Jansen, Todd Rundgren, Gray Russell, Shelly Yakus
 * Mixing: John Jansen
 * Mastering: Greg Calbi, Ted Jensen, George Marino
 * Production coordination: Gray Russell
 * Arrangers: Roy Bittan, Todd Rundgren, Jim Steinman
 * Art direction: John Berg
 * Cover art concept: Jim Steinman
 * Cover art: Richard Corben
 * Photography: Don Hunstein

Legacy
Many of the tracks, or elements thereof, on Bad for Good have been recorded by other artists, including projects that Steinman has been involved in. He produced Barbra Streisand recording "Left in the Dark" for her album Emotion, with the single reaching No. 4 on the Adult Contemporary chart in 1984. Her version changes a few lines, with her version changing "so take off your dress" to "I watch you undress", to fit the song being sung from a female point of view.

The intro to "Stark Raving Love" was used for "Holding Out for a Hero", a 1984 hit for Bonnie Tyler. He used excerpts from "The Storm" for "Opening of the Box" on the Pandora's Box album Original Sin, and in the "Ouverture" for the musical Dance of the Vampires.

The refrain from "Bad for Good" ("God speed! Speed us away!") also appears in "Nowhere Fast", which Steinman wrote for the film Streets of Fire (1984).

Comedy duo Scharpling & Wurster, in their sketch "The Gas Station Dogs" from their album New Hope for the Ape-Eared, featured a delusional singer-songwriter promoting a song called "Rock n' Roll Dreams Will Come Through".

Meat Loaf has recorded most of Bad for Good:
 * "Surf's Up" appears on his 1984 album Bad Attitude;
 * "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through", "Out of the Frying Pan (and Into the Fire)", "Love and Death and an American Guitar" (renamed "Wasted Youth", and still using Steinman's original voice with a new backing track), and "Lost Boys and Golden Girls" appear on Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell. These were the only covers of Meat Loaf's from Bad for Good that were produced by Steinman;
 * "Left in the Dark" appears on Welcome to the Neighborhood (1995) (Meat uses the last line of Steinman's spoken word opening to the song, "who made the very first move" to end his version);
 * "Bad for Good" on Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose, with guest performer Brian May on guitar. In a documentary promoting the 2006 album, Meat Loaf acknowledged that there is a "core of fans that know that song", so he "had that under the microscope more than any other on the album". An excerpt of "The Storm" is used as intro to "Seize the Night" on Bat III.

title: Bad for Good


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Talk:Bad for Good

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the stage musical Bat Out of Hell, scheduled to open in London in 2009, is based on the same concept.
well out of date 2A00:23C4:3991:3201:4520:1222:B4B6:3743 (talk) 00:31, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bad for Good


text: User talk:169.204.189.74

title: User talk:169.204.189.74