text:
.np

.np is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Nepal. It is administered by Mercantile Communication Pvt Ltd.

Registration
Domain registrations under .np ccTLD is free of cost. Registrants need to provide proof of Nepali citizenship for personal websites or a copy of company registration for organization websites. Foreign nationals with a Non-Resident-Nepalese ID Card or Nepalese resident visa can also register a domain. Foreign companies are required to have an official presence in Nepal as a joint venture, partnership, agent, or a licensee in order to qualify to register a domain. It could take a working day to get the domain reviewed.

Registering a .np domain in Nepal typically involves providing specific documents. These include a completed Registration Application Form, obtainable from the official registry or chosen domain registrar. A formal cover Letter for np domain must be submitted, addressing the purpose and use of the domain to the .np domain registry. Applicants can include primary and secondary name servers if they want to point it to a web hosting provider.

Requirements
For individuals, a photocopy of their Citizenship Certificate is usually required. Organizations need to furnish a photocopy of their Company Registration Certificate. In cases where a third party handles registration, a Letter of Authorization may be necessary.

Information about Domain Name Servers (DNS) is also needed, encompassing primary and secondary DNS details. Multiple domain name preferences may be requested in case of unavailability. A registration fee is commonly associated with acquiring a .np domain, though costs may vary. Depending on the nature of the registration, additional documentation might be needed for specific organizations or government entities.

Registered domain name must be an exact match, abbreviation or acronym of the registrant's name of trademark; or otherwise closely and substantially connected to the registrant.

A domain name must include the following:

 * The exact same name of the registrant of a trademark, an acronym or abbreviation of that name;
 * At least three characters must be included in the domain name.
 * Alphanumeric characters and dashes (hyphens) can be used, but not in the first and last characters.
 * Names with offensive, generic, or inflammatory words will not be registered.
 * Cover letter with valid stamped requesting the domain name.

.gov.np domains are managed by and registered through National Information Technology Center.

Structure
Registrations are taken only at the third level, under a number of second-level domains.

title: .np


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Die Publicisten

"Die Publicisten" (The Publicists, Op. 321) is a waltz by Johann Strauss II composed in 1868. It was written for the sixth Concordia Ball held in the Sofienbad-Saal on the 4 February of the same year. The waltz's title was an allusion to Vienna's press, with whom he maintained a fruitful partnership that his family had enjoyed since the days of his father Johann Strauss I. The more or less symbiotic association was needed as the musical business of composers would inevitably flourish under favorable press reviews and the establishment of the Vienna Journalists' and Authors' Association in 1859 would signify an even more closer relationship between both composer and the press. The Concordia Ball named after the Roman God of civic concord had its first ball in 1863.

This waltz came at a time when Strauss' creative genius was at its pinnacle, with the famous waltzes Wiener Bonbons Op. 307, The Blue Danube An der Schönen Blauen Donau Op. 314 and Künstlerleben Op. 316 already completed, with the more compelling G'schichten aus dem Wienerwald waltz Op. 325 and the Wein, Weib und Gesang waltz op. 333 still to come. It also made a brief appearance in the pastiche ballet Graduation Ball by Antal Doráti in the "Perpetuum Mobile dance" number 10.

"Die Publicisten" is composed in the typical five two-part sections waltz (hereinafter referred as waltz A and waltz B). The waltz's introduction was announced with trumpets and other brass instruments before a brief accelerating march melody halts and the waltz themes start. Waltz 1A begins in a hesitant manner while waltz 1B is more flowing but not overly joyous. Waltz 2A intertwine between these moods but rushes to a joyful Waltz 2B. A brief waltz beat intrada ushers in the solemn and plaintive Waltz 3A and the gentler but noticeably happier section 3B. Another brief intrada brings in the cheeky-sounding waltz 4A whereas 4B is accompanied by triangles while the unobtrusive mood of the piece continues. Yet another brief intrada brings in the peaceful waltz 5A while in the final section 5B, Strauss allows the genial nature of the piece to unfold until the coda. After the brief but restless-sounding coda, the entire waltzes 2A and 2B are repeated once. The first section is played again before rushing into an exciting and joyous conclusion, with the typical snare drum roll and the brass flourish.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Die Publicisten


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Higashi-Umeda Station

Higashi-Umeda Station (東梅田駅) is a railway station on the Osaka Metro Tanimachi Line in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan. The station is located along Whity Umeda.

Connecting lines from Higashi-Umeda

 * (Umeda Station, )
 * (Nishi-Umeda Station, )
 * (Ōsaka Station, Kitashinchi Station)
 * Hankyu Railway (Umeda Station)
 * Kōbe Line
 * Takarazuka Line
 * Kyōto Line
 * Hanshin Electric Railway Main Line (Umeda Station)
 * Hanshin Electric Railway Main Line (Umeda Station)

 * Information
 * When using regular tickets of Osaka Metro, Surutto Kansai cards, and IC cards (PiTaPa, ICOCA), it is limited to 30 minutes to change to the Midosuji Line and the Yotsubashi Line.
 * It takes approximately 12 minutes to change to the JR Tozai Line, thus, it is more useful to change to the line at Minami-Morimachi Station.

Layout
There are two side platforms with two tracks on the second basement. There are two tickets gates in the north for exit from each platform, in the center for entrance to and exit from each platform, and one in the south for entrance to and exit from both platforms.

Around the station

 * Hanshin Department Store
 * Hankyu Department Store (Umeda Hankyu Building)
 * South Gate Building
 * Daimaru Umeda
 * Hotel Granvia Osaka
 * Pokémon Center Osaka
 * Osaka City Bus Terminal
 * Kintetsu Bus stop (transit buses for Inada Depot via Kyobashi, and express buses)
 * Sonezaki Police Station
 * Asahiya Shoten
 * Shin-Hankyu Building
 * Shin-Hankyu Hachibangai
 * Ohatsu Tenjin
 * Hankyu Higashi-dori
 * Whity Umeda
 * Osaka Ekimae Buildings
 * Daiyu-ji

title: Higashi-Umeda Station


text:
Surferosa

Surferosa is a rock band from Norway formed in 2000, known for its distinct costumes and trashy electrified pop music. The band's musical style is primarily rock with punk/new wave and dance music influences and has been labeled "thrash pop". Most songs make integrated use of synthesizers, and Mariann provides a spunky vocal lead. The group is often compared to New Wave acts such as Blondie.

Hailing from Bø in Telemark, Surferosa became popular in Norway after winning a tour and studio recording in a band contest called So What. It has received several positive critical reviews. Surferosa has completed tours in Asia, America, the United Kingdom and Scandinavia. It also made the soundtrack for the movie Bare Bea. The group's song Royal Uniform from the album The Force was used on the soundtrack for the computer/video game FIFA 07 released by EA Sports. The song has also been released as a downloadable track for Singstar on the PlayStation 3. Scandinavian Decay, another song of theirs, was also used as a song in the Sims 2.

The name Surferosa is taken from a record by the Pixies.

In December 2009, Surferosa announced on their Myspace blog that they are taking a break from performing and recording, and have not made any further announcement since.

Members

 * Mariann Thomassen, vocals and keytar
 * Andreas "Andy" Orheim, synthesizer
 * Henrik Gustavsen, drums
 * Kjetil Wevling, guitar
 * Sigurd "Ziggy" Løvik, bass guitar
 * Jan Roger Sletta (drums 1999-2007)

Discography

 * To Russia with Love (EP; 2002)
 * Neon Kommando (EP; 2002)
 * Shanghai My Heart (album; March 2003)
 * Neon Commando (EP, UK issue w/different track list; October 2003)
 * "Lucky Lipstick" (single; 2003)
 * "Olympia" (single, promo only; 2003)
 * "Saturday Night" (single; January 2004)
 * "Satin Con Blonde" (single, promo only; October 2004)
 * "Royal Uniform" (single, promo only; 2005)
 * The Force (album; September 2005)
 * The Beat On The Street (album; April 2008)

title: Surferosa


text:
.nr

.nr is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Nauru. Domains must be paid, and can be ordered from CenpacNet, Nauru's Internet service provider.

The original configuration of the .nr TLD domain was performed by Shaun Moran of ComTech Communications (Australia) in 1998 as part of the first Internet connectivity on the Island. There was a lengthy process with IANA to get the .nr domain approved and assigned at the time. The setup of .nr was done in 2002 by Franck Martin using specific custom code.

Second-level domains
In addition to the 2nd level direct domains which the registry offers, these are the official second-level domains under which third-level registrations are offered by the registry:

Usage outside of Nauru
The .nr domain has low usage outside of Nauru. However, when it is used, it can be found on web domains utilising domain hacks, such as hdm.nr (Headminer), domai.nr (Domainr) or exo.nr (Exonar).

From 2002 to 2018, a domain service freedomain.pro offered free subdomain hosting under the unofficial subdomain "co.nr". As of 1 May 2018, issues with the .nr registry and Nauruan government caused the entire .co.nr domain to shut down and its subdomains to stop functioning.

title: .nr


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Talk:Blood (video game)

Untitled
Some of the content on this page came from the (now-removed) merged article "Cerberus (Blood)", which is now available at Talk:Blood (computer game)/Cerberus (Blood). Do not delete that page - we need it (and its history) for Wikipedia copyright reasons. Noel (talk) 13:37, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Game guide
I think the magnitude of content discussed on this page is not fitting for the article, I suggest moving everything from Weapons through to Enemies, Bosses and other characters into a Game Guide article in Wikibooks. -- Quoth 10:40, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * We should keep physical descriptions of items and enemies, but all strategy-related stuff should go to WikiBooks. (For example, we'd keep, "Cultists that have blue robes use electricity," and move, "It's best to kill them with a sniper rifle," to WikiBooks. Make sense?) User:Premeditated Chaos 17:13, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Quite correct, I concur. Although I'm at a loss as to how to make the article look less bloated with sections. Perhaps the level sections of each episode can be amalgamated into nice episode summaries. -- Quoth 02:34, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * What about creating articles such as "List of Blood enemies" to place all the information on enemies and "List of Blood equipment" where to move info on weapons and items? This is a path that was already followed for a number of other cvg related articles. Berserker79 09:41, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

E1M2 Life Seed Not First?
This article lists the life seed in E1M2 as the first in the episode; however, I recall one in the crematorium furnace secret at E1M1. Am I mistaken, or should this be changed? Orange & Viridian 07:51, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

 * You are correct. mankeli

 * Thanks. I'm changing it now. Also, I'm going to add information on the second E1 Super Secret, the hidden ledge facing the cloud panorama in E1M6. Orange & Viridian

Mac OS?
Why is this article under Mac OS games? It doesn't and never ran on a mac. yuriks 04:14, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Life leech does heal
While you mention that the life leech doesn't heal, I know for a fact that it does. You fail to mention the differences in the weapons between Plasma Pak and the original.

JoJo the Circus Freak Reference
Does anyone know the origin of the "I want JoJo. JOJO JOJO JOJO!" quotes and frequent references to JoJo the Circus Freak? Killer Klownz from Outer Space appears to have a JoJo, but not as a main character or reference that would likely be used ten years later in a video game...

--- It's from Tommy Boy. Chris Farley says at one point, "I'm like Jojo the idiot circus boy" - http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114694/quotes

71.71.59.29 09:53, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

It could be refering to this guy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo-Jo_The_Dog-Faced_Boy Godslayer 19:02, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

New revisions as of July 23, 2006
The Blood article has been tagged as in need of clean-up since November 2005. I've decided to rewrite and reorganize it: I've broken it into three different articles

 * blood (computer game) is the main game article
 * list of Blood equipment contains the weapons/items descriptions
 * list of Blood creatures for the enemies descriptions

I tried to keep all the existing info in the main article, but once I moved the weapons and enemies sections, the article did contain real few data regarding the game itself. As a result I've added a "Features" section with desriptions of the gameplay, multiplayer support and other info (e.g. the engine technology used in Blood). The levels descriptions have been turned into episode summaries as suggested by a user above. The references section has been rewritten to contain all the scattered details about the references to popular media in the game as well. A "Franchise" section covers all the different releases of Blood including the expansions who get their own sub-section with episode summaries. Finally I've added a "Fan projects" paragraph, albeit I've included only "Transfusion" so far.

The articles for weapons/items and creatures have been created to move extra content out of the main article. I've given a new layout to the contents, but mostly kept them as in the previous revision. However, I took the liberty to remove most of what could be considered "game hints" like "this weapons work best on...", "this enemy is tough" and tried to keep exclusively to descriptions. BTW, these two latter articles still need some spell/typo check. Berserker79 09:05, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

First FPS game with multiple modes for weaponry?
The paragraph claiming this is not true. Heretic, 3 years earlier had this feature. Every weapon on Heretic is such that on being combined with the Tome of Power, augments the weapon so that it is more powerful that the weapon on its own. See Heretic (computer game) Stephen Howe 14:42, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

In a more general sense, Star Wars: Dark Forces and Marathon both have alternate fire modes for most weapons (simply activated by a keystroke). Both were from 1995. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.58.87.110 (talk) 09:51, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Bloodtesla.gif
Image:Bloodtesla.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 10:30, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:B1 e2 4.png
Image:B1 e2 4.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:59, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:B1 e4 7.png
Image:B1 e4 7.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:59, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

ZBlood Attacks
A little while ago the ZBlood section disappeared, this did not seem suspicious so I rewrote. Then later I find that it has disappeared again (I was able to recover it). Disappearing once is fine but twice in so many weeks is suspicious. Also noting a similar attack towards ZBlood on the Blood Wiki. I recommend all Bloodites on Wikipedia watch guard over the section. Comrade Graham (talk) 19:25, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Ishmael and Shial
The story text depicts that Ishmael is carried off by Shial, probably due to the first cut scene where a spider grabs a guy that looks like Ishmael from Blood II. But the game's readme file says that Ishmael was toasted by Cerberus and Gabriel was captured by Shial. Surly the reademe is off greater creditability than a debatable cut scene appearance. I would like some word back on this. Comrade Graham (talk) 07:26, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

trivia: some? versions of blood included
a video of the song "love you to death" from type o negative's october rust album on disc 141.20.21.25 (talk) 10:37, 24 June 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Blood (video game)


text:
Mike Hooper (footballer)

Michael Dudley Hooper (born 10 February 1964) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

As a player, he notably played in the Premier League for both Liverpool and Newcastle United, although most of his time at both clubs saw him operate as second choice behind the likes of Bruce Grobbelaar and Pavel Srnicek. He also played in the Football League for Bristol City, Wrexham, Leicester City and Sunderland.

Early life
Hooper attended Glenfrome Junior School. As goalkeeper for the school team, his towering height proved an imposing sight to the opposition. He later attended Lockleaze Comprehensive School and played as goalkeeper in the same school team as fellow future professional footballers Gary Smart, Gary Penrice and Ian Holloway, who were all roughly the same age.

Hooper received a first class degree in English Literature at Swansea University.

Club career
Having started his professional career at Bristol City in 1983, and tasting regular senior football after signing for Wrexham in the 1984-85 season, Hooper was signed by newly appointed Liverpool player-manager Kenny Dalglish for the 1985-86 season. His debut for Liverpool came in the 1986 FA Charity Shield as a substitute for Bruce Grobbelaar. He was at Anfield for eight years, during which time the club won six major trophies, but his first team opportunities were limited by the presence of Grobbelaar, his only real opportunities of first team football coming in 1988–89 when Grobbelaar missed 17 league games through illness, but when Grobbelaar recovered Hooper was back in the reserves. The arrival of David James in 1992 made his first team chances look even slimmer.

On 23 September 1993 Hooper signed for Newcastle United, who had recently been promoted to the Premier League, making his debut two days later with a clean sheet against West Ham. Again, his first team opportunities were restricted, this time by Pavel Srnicek, and he was loaned out to neighbours Sunderland in 1994–95 to gain more first team opportunities, although he did not play a first team game for them.

His fate was sealed when he was caught on camera openly laughing, whilst on the bench, after Newcastle had conceded a goal. He never played senior football again. The signing of Shaka Hislop confirmed this and left Hooper with little hope of even a place on the Newcastle bench during the 1995–96 season, but he remained at the club until the end of his contract in the summer of 1996 and finally left on a free transfer.

Personal life
Mike Hooper is the great-great-grandson of Frank Bacon, a one-time director of Bristol City, and the great-great-grandnephew of Canadian politician and King's Printer, Herbert Henry Ball. He has two children.

He has since worked as a nightclub bouncer in County Durham.

Honours
Liverpool
 * FA Charity Shield: 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990
 * Screen Sport Super Cup: 1986

title: Mike Hooper (footballer)


text:
Talk:Age of the universe

Confusion over accuracy claims
Reading our current lead gives the impression that the age of the universe is known to an accuracy of better than plus or minus 1 part in 500, despite the body of the article telling us that it depends on the Hubble Constant. Yet our Hubble's Law article has a large table that gives recent Hubble Constant measurements (within the last 10 years, and also within the last 2 years) that range from under 68 (km/s)/Mpc to over 73 (and under 67 to over 75 if you factor in the published estimated errors on these measurements), a range of plus or minus 1 part in about 30 (or worse), with the additional problem that the different measurements are further apart than is consistent with the published estimated errors on the individual measurements. I've just been watching this month's The Sky at Night on BBC4, which was entirely devoted to this problem. (It basically said that measurements derived from analysing CMB fluctuations tended to give figures under 68, while measurements derived by using standard candles (Type 1a supernovae and sometimes also Cepheid variables) tended to give figures of about 73). So I get the distinct impression that either our article is misleading our readers by failing to bring this issue to their attention, or alternatively that it is not misleading them but that it is confusing at least those of us readers who are aware of the apparent problem (or who come across it by reading our Hubble's Law article, which is wikilinked from our current article) by not offering a clear explanation of why the problem is more apparent than real (if that is in fact the case). I understand far too little about the matter to be able to try to fix it myself, but perhaps some other better informed editors can try to do so. Tlhslobus (talk) 07:44, 11 February 2019 (UTC)

It may be important in this article to mention that there are different ways of measuring the age of the universe, which help validate our current theory.

The article has a tone of finality to it; but the science is growing and being challenged. I'd recommend adding a section for "The Tension" due to recent measurements and observations, as the world's scientists are having to re-evaluate our current theories. We no longer have a "consistent story that works for all our cosmological data," according to Princeton University astrophysicist Jo Dunkley. Different teams, one led by Nobel laureate Adam Riess, are proposing that the Universe is only 12.5 Billion years old, which reduces the age of the universe about one billion years. Along with improving theory, the previous accepted age of the universe may be impacted by these challenges. 2600:1700:DC60:B960:D55D:FFCB:8876:86E9 (talk) 21:42, 28 May 2019 (UTC)rmpj

 * I agree. This article is too optimistic about the precision to which we know the age of the universe. The error bars are assuming that all their assumptions are correct, but we know that some of those have very large error bars themselves. The article does talk about this a bit, but I think it's a bit disingenuous to say it is so precise. Titanium Dragon  (talk) 00:37, 19 October 2019 (UTC)

Uncertainty
The article claims that the uncertainty is only 20 million years. The age given in the article is 13.8 +/- 0.2 billion years, which means 13.8 billion years plus or minus 20 million, which means between 13.78 and 13.82, an uncertainty of 40 million years. Primal Groudon (talk) 00:00, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * What? I know I definitely signed this. Primal Groudon (talk) 22:43, 1 September 2019 (UTC)
 * It is accurate to say that the age is known to within 20 million years in the context of the ΛCDM model. As in, the actual age is no more than 20 million years different from the estimated age. 40 million is the range from highest to lowest estimate. Someguy1221 (talk) 19:15, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * That number is provided by the LCDM concordance model. Why aren't the numbers given by other concordance models shown? Primal Groudon (talk) 02:15, 3 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Did you make a typo and mean to ask what estimates are given by other models, and not why other models estimates are shown? In the latter case, what you literally wrote, the estimates are all from the same model, although different figures are given for different methods of estimation (all with overlapping intervals, though). Estimates on the age of the universe from different models are not provided, as they would be undue. Someguy1221 (talk) 10:47, 3 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The Wikipedia policy you mentioned says if a view is held by an extremely small minority, regardless of truth or verifiability, it does not belong on Wikipedia. That literally means Wikipedia subscribes to argumentum at populum. Primal Groudon (talk) 03:57, 4 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Not quite ad populum - we only count the commonality of a viewpoint among relevant experts. But if you want to continue a general discussion of policy, that should be done at a policy talk page, or we can talk on my user talk page if you'd like. Article talk pages are for discussing improvements to the article. Someguy1221 (talk) 04:45, 4 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Can you give at least a paper or book where the uncertainties using other models are discussed? EternalAsker (talk) 10:29, 1 September 2023 (UTC)

Opening sentences and simplicity
Wikipedia is an encyclopedia for the general public. It's read by a lot of people who don't have higher education, or the equivalent of a high school diploma, or any interest in math. There's plenty of room to just as exact as the research allows us to be, but we also need to have a simple definition that's easy to read. "13.8*10^9 years (as of 2015[1]) – 13.799±0.021 billion years within the Lambda-CDM concordance model" doesn't cover that need. /Julle (talk) 14:41, 6 February 2020 (UTC)

December 2020 ACT estimate
There is a Dec 2020 analysis based on ACT data in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics; see. I didn't add it myself because I can't gauge its significance for inclusion. Rolf H Nelson (talk) 06:18, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

Objection to the opening paragraph of this article.
Since the title of this article is "Age of the universe," then it seems to me that the article should provide an overview, and history, of the various cultural and scientific explanations to that question. But the article, without acknowledging that there have ever been other points of view, starts by concluding that the Big Bang theory is the only valid model for estimating the age of the universe. I'm trying to find out what the Steady-State theory has, or had, to say about the age of the universe. The Steady-State theory seems to suggest that the universe is infinitely old. But I'm not sure that I have it right, and I'm writing a chapter in a book and discussing the age of the universe. If this Wikipedia article is all about the Big Bang then a different title is needed. Call it, "The age of the universe according to the Big Bang theory." 2600:8801:BE26:2700:B09F:3FEF:E7EB:2AC5 (talk) 00:51, 11 June 2021 (UTC) James

Timeline scale incorrect?
Looking at the timeline at the beginning of the History section, it looks like sexual reproduction started 2 billion years ago, but according to Sexual reproduction, it should be 1 to 1.2 bya. And now that I look at it, fungi have been around 400 mya, not 1.5bya. So I think the whole scale is off.

-Keith (Hypergeek14)Talk 16:22, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

F
is it possible to place a link to its definition? thanks, pietro 151.29.14.248 (talk) 10:37, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

26.7 Gyr undue
While McSly infers a good point about the prevalence of the new estimate in their revision, it isn't clearly undue. This estimate was published in peer reviewed journal article. Cosmology is an ever changing field and it would not be unreasonable for that to be reflected here. A mention somewhere of the new results should be made, referencing the original publication instead of popular media coverage.

76.27.110.243 (talk) 03:36, 18 July 2023 (UTC)

 * One new paper with no commentary or feedback in the literature as yet is WP:UNDUE. We're here to document science, not hype. XOR'easter (talk) 19:15, 18 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I wrote papers on this topic years before James Webb was even launched. I submitted them to Astrophysicists at Louisiana State University and LIGO for review, and they never replied back to me. Same goes for the impossibly early galaxy problem listed below. I also wrote papers on that for review before James Webb was ever launched.
 * I can show evidence that the Sun could be as much as 48 Billion years old, rather than being only a few Billion years old. Wade Smith0078 (talk) 12:57, 15 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Please show your evidence. 128.214.129.33 (talk) 09:53, 4 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Added paragraph on Gupta study along with references from a Phys.org article. His study has now been published in MNRAS which is not a journal given over to 'hype'. Richard Nowell (talk) 14:27, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

Hello,

I would like to raise a point regarding the current text in the section discussing the age of the universe. Although I am not an expert in astrophysics, I find the juxtaposition of the 27 billion-year prediction with the 14 billion-year measurement somewhat confusing. This discrepancy complicates the readability and coherence of the section.

Are these two different predictions based on distinct models for the evolution of the universe? If so, it might be beneficial to include a separate subsection dedicated to explaining non-standard cosmological models. This addition could help clarify why these varying estimates exist and provide readers with a more structured understanding of the different perspectives.

Thank you.

The Impossibly Early Galaxy Problem
AXO NOV (talk) ⚑ 17:05, 18 July 2023 (UTC)

A Star older than universe?
The article states universe is about 13.8B years old, but the oldest star is 14.8B years. This has to be a mistake, even in the weird world of physics. Can we fix this or explain the inconsistency? RJHeron (talk) 10:41, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

 * There is no star older than the Universe. 21 Andromedae (talk) 13:32, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Age of the universe


text:
.pa

.pa is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Panama. It was first registered in 1994-05-25. It is administered by NIC Panamá, which is run by the Universidad Tecnologica de Panama.

Because "PA" is also the postal code for the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the Brazilian state of Pará, it has had occasional use under that meaning, but this has not become widespread.

Structure
Registrations are taken directly at the second level, and at the third level under the designated second level domains.

Restrictions
Any term that is listed in the list of reserved terms cannot be registered as a domain name. The list consists of, but is not limited to, other generic and country-code TLDs, country names, governmental entities, and DNS related terminology.

The server the domain points to can be located in any country; with the exception of .gob.pa domains, which are used solely for Panamanian Government agencies or institutions, should point to a server physically located in Panama.

title: .pa


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Japperwhore.com

Japperwhore.com
Delete, non-notable orphan page for non-existent web site. Fawcett5
 * Lost vfd nomination from November 30. Adult website with Alexa rank of 2 327 647. Its only apparent claim to fame is that it is named japperwhore.com. Delete. Samaritan 18:20, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Unless some Japanese wikipedian can cough up some relevant news coverage, I'll have to vote delete. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 21:36, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * The site in question is a contentless googlemagnet; its inclusion in wikipedia is intended solely to enhance said magnetism. Delete, please. -- John Fader 21:44, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * A porn site that was shut down. How notable. </sarcasm> Delete. Alphax (talk) 03:50, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * A Japanese-themed low-quality porn site with an offensive name. Somebody thought this was notable enough for an encyclopedia article? Delete. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 07:36, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 07:45, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, is the domain name available? Ennis might be interested. Wyss 22:47, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as spam, which should be grounds for speedy deletion. If not, delete it not so speedy then. DreamGuy 08:13, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Wikinews

Wikinews integration in Wikipedia
You can use a Template to link in Wikipedia to specific news topics or portals in Wikinews : For more details see Sister_projects. (User:Monoet)
 * News and encyclopedic content I think ought to be integrated on Wikipedia. When users are reading Wikipedia they are interested (firstly or secondly) in the latest developments/news with regard to the subject of the encyclopedic article (with more condensed background information). Wikinews (with a licence different from Wikipedia) and (to a smaller extent) Wikimedia, sister projects of Wikipedia, provide news content on a separate websites.
 * What follows is an (incomplete?) overview of the current state of integration between (Wiki)news and encyclopedic content on Wikipedia:
 * Under "In the News" (ITN, i.e. a template) 3 up to 5 current events and one small news photo are listed on the Main Page with a link to Wikinews and the Current Events Portal. What is included on the Main Page is determined by these criteria.
 * The Current Events Portal (previously Current events). The portal refers to Wikinews for more elaborate articles: "Visit Wikinews to read and write news articles in more detail". In the about section of the portal this is elaborated on: the portal is not a news service and not a collection of primary source material (link).
 * Wikipedia articles (or sections/other elements) that are current events contain Current templates (incl. Template:Recent death), which refer to the portal and add the article to the Current events category.
 * Current Events category.
 * Articles on Wikipedia that refer to Future events are tagged with future templates.
 * The Wikinews template. The template has been discussed here in relation to the current template.
 * Some news stories are given a place on Wikipedia in the form of a separate article (e.g. 2004 Madrid train bombings), which combines news and more background information. Only big news stories get a separate article: "unless indeed we can be very confident, as in the case of the September 11 attacks, that in the future there will be a significant call for an encyclopedia article on that topic" (source). This probably implies that inclusion is decided by community consensus.
 * Mostly the news is integrated in the encyclopedic article, with the main article being general and other related articles being more specific (e.g. Antarctica -> Economy of Antarctica etc.).
 * References in Wikipedia articles generally refer to (non-Wikinews) articles, which then are added as a footnote under the section "References". These are mostly quite recent articles from the 2000s.
 * More?
 * Proposals:
 * Proposals (1, 2) have been made to merge the Current and Wikinews templates in case both are used in one article: this way more attention to Wikinews articles can be generated in Wikipedia articles (just like Wikinews, which itself is very often referring to Wikipedia).
 * Create a separate tab (on the right) on Wikipedia which opens a page with (Wiki)news sources, the most recent stories on top?
 * More? Brz7 02:19, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Vanity article
I reverted back to the state before the redirect to Wikimedia. I don't see why this were a "vanity article". G-u-a-k-@ 13:42, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I still do not understand the memorandum of wikinews please breifly describe it.thankyou

Mhmmdharoon (talk) 05:31, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

Origin of Wikinews
Yes I was the anonymous user who came up with the Idea, as I say I am not glory hunting, just placing the facts, I think the orignial reason why I used an anonymous user was either 1, I was too lazy to make an account on media wiki and 2, I didn't want people to yell at me if no one liked it. I think it was more because of the 1st reason. I dont know how I can proove it was me, I guess IP checks would be one way.:\ - fonzy

 * I believe you, but I must say that I preferred the anonymous version. While I don't deny that you wrote those two lines of text, it was me who first proposed that Wikinews should include original reporting, who rewrote the entire proposal, who debated it in great detail with the Wikimedia community, rewrote the proposal again, wrote an FAQ, created a "thinktank" to begin advanced discussion, organized the vote, started the first demo pages and wrote the first policies, created the IRC channel, and managed the creation of language editions. To my knowledge, you have never participated in any of these events, nor in Wikinews itself. I do not care whether or not this is mentioned in the article, but I do not like the fact that it now makes it sound as if you had a somehow central role in the process of creating Wikinews, which is simply not true. I have documented the early history of Wikinews and my role in it to some extent on my user page there.--Eloquence* 20:06, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

I can understand that, so I changed it to show I took no part in the modern creation of it and gave you credit (which you DO deserve) my two sentances may need re-wroding though. - Fonzy

 * Thanks. As far as I'm concerned, I do not care whether the article does present the history or not, but if it does, it should do so fully and correctly. Since I'm biased, I'm going to stay away from that part of the article.--Eloquence* 18:12, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Only reason I added my self was because someone said anonymous user and as I know who that was I added it, I wont say anymore as I dotn know enough. BTW good to see your steal on this project :) - fony

Say Guys you appear to have had your debate and settled it, I recommend you now remove this whole debate as to me, a first time reader of this page, and I assume any first time reader will feel the same as I do, this arguement demeans the whole Wikinews today something 6 years old is not news it's more encyclopedic if anyone really cares. So how about removing that now?--Robbygay (talk) 09:33, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

Neutrality Dispute
Wikinews editors and admins regularly edit news articles appearing on the site, contrary to the organization's masthead, the stated goal of which is to allow users to independently edit and create news stories without bias.CelebritySecurity 16:31, 4 December 2005 (UTC)
 * First I don't understand your comment, second this isn't really the place, perhaps wikinews:wikinews talk:Neutral point of view or something at wikinews. Bawolff 04:23, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Dear me Bawolf you went off track testily there, I think that CelebritySecurity guy meant from the Article Page to quote "In contrast to most projects of the Wikimedia Foundation, Wikinews allows original work under the form of original reporting and interviews.[4]" and you haven't explained well at all. Shouldn't you explain the allowable matter is to accord the rules of an on-the-spot original witness or interviewer, not a license to use Wikinews as a blogger might (truth and evidence of no account)?--Robbygay (talk) 09:49, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

Graphs
These graphs are old. Can we get newer ones? Tito xd (?!? - help us) 05:45, 1 February 2006 (UTC) I 2nd that
 * Totally agree, person who made it is here if you want to add some gentle persuation ;)Pluke 10:04, 3 June 2006 (UTC)
 * By the way, NGerda left wikinews, and is now at never again wiki, so you're proablly not going to get more graphs out of him. Bawolff 08:04, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

RSS Feeds
I put together an RSS feed of the "Original Reporting" section. The feed is available at http://www.inic.org/wikinews.xml I also added an external link to the feed in the external links section of this article. If you do not have an RSS reader, you can view a web based version of the feed at Wikinews Original Reporting RSS Feed Please let me know what you think. I will try to update it daily. Inic 23:00, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Is Wikinews an external site?
The first word in the article is "Wikinews" with a link to the Wikinews main page. It is not marked with the external-link icon, so has the same appearance as a link to a Wikipedia article. Should there be indication that it is a link outside the English Wikipedia articles? (SEWilco 05:18, 10 March 2006 (UTC))
 * It shows up as a different colour like all interwiki links. I don't know what wikipedia's policy is on this. Bawolff 04:23, 16 February 2007 (UTC)
 * , Wikinews now runs on its own server, and it is separate from Wikipedia's servers. This means in countries where free media or journalism is not allowed, Wikinews can easily be censored.  Maybe someone can research this and place under the Criticism section? 64.128.27.82 (talk) 16:18, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

Criticism
I'm obviously biased, but I would prefer the criticism section to have at least a single source. Who says that? The main criticism I've seen of Wikinews is that it is "boring" and gets too much of its information content from other sources. See this Alternet story for an example. The original reporting we do has to follow a strict policy. Sources have to be documented and potentially controversial statements are attributed. This is the English version -- the policy varies for each language edition. For example, on the German Wikinews, you have to go through an accreditation process and publish your address on your user page before you can do reporting. Furthermore, if we cite criticism, we also need to define who would be a legitimate source to counter that criticism.--Eloquence* 14:29, 2 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I could certainly provide a ton of criticism if you really feel it is a bare section, Eloquence. ;) --Mrmiscellanious 00:08, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Seriously over half the articles are about Australia or New Zealand, not that I don't mind those articles, but we need more stuff from the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa. 71.56.121.28 13:55, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

Well by 2011 that appears to have corrected itself, news now is from all over the World. So how about deleting this part to clean up future image of all involved and Wikinews tight process then justifies more credability to readers of this outdated debate.--Robbygay (talk) 10:00, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

Notability
I have made a few minor edits to make this page a little more accessible to non-Wikipedians, but fundamentally I think there is a more basic problem of notability. I will write a more substantial comment about this on Talk:Wikimedia Foundation shortly. Arbitrary username 21:39, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Jimbo as creator
I'm definitly not an expert on wikinews history, but... I was alsways under the impression, Erik Möller more or less created, and Jimbo just gave the okay to start it. Bawolff 08:07, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Different licensing?
When I read that Wikinews is under a different license, unlike most of the other Wikimedia project, the first question was "Why?" Can anybody answer why Wikinews is CC while the rest of them are GFDL? Hbdragon88 23:30, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
 * This page may help explain it some.--Cspurrier 16:22, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Not a valid primary source?
Considering the fact that wikinews itself operates under the same method as wikipedia, should it not be the case that no article on wikipedia can use wikinews as a primary source? It appears to be little more than a news aggregator, and surely no one here would suggest digg or fark would be a primary source..... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.100.182.91 (talk) 18:24, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
 * You obviously have not dug deeply enough into what Wikinews is. This is the only Wikimedia project where original research is allowed. That should be sourceable material, although I can understand if for our derivative reports only the wikinews template is used on WP. --Brianmc 20:18, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually Wikiversity also allows OR. Anonymous101 (talk) 12:07, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

Does the reply mean that Wikinews remains archived as long as a Wikipedia story does, if not how can a future Wikipedia reader follow footnoted sources back to first source to believe in the Wikipedia as an Encl0opedic resource thereafter?--Robbygay (talk) 10:06, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

mhmmdharoon Mhmmdharoon (talk) 05:27, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

First proposal
Daniel Alson, aka Fonzy, said he wrote the anonymous post. I don't know if that log entry alone is definitive proof, however, so I reworded the text so that it says "claimed to have been the one who posted it". His userpage also stated that he founded Wiktionary and Wikiquote. Cheers, Face 08:30, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Brian's Ideas Rock
Well my idea was that we should get at least an ini mini help from other news networks i am sure they are willing for the cause :)

15:50, 24 July 2008 (UTC) HumayunMirzaJR (talk) 15:51, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Conflict of Interest edits
I do not like to raise this, because I have a COI myself, but this edit is — sans-sugar-coating — weaselly and malicious. A blatant attempt to discredit the Wikinews project via Wikipedia — by a known opponent of the project — ''who just-so happened to be the author on a recent "hatchet-job" op-ed in 'The Signpost'.

The project is active, but doesn't run the way Adam wants; nor has he any inclination to build a reputation on the project so its volunteers might contemplate giving his "considered opinions" on the project's goals the time of day. I'm sick of dealing with this nonsense. Wikipedia needs to reign in a range of troublemakers who waste the time of people on other projects by pulling stunts like this.

These edits are factually inaccurate; I would hesitate to use the word 'defamatory', it is up to Wikipedians to challenge this sort of nonsense — we've had multiple semesters of students contributing to Wikinews since Adam's "I'll pick a reference to do a hatchet-job" citation from 2011. --Brian McNeil /talk 03:16, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Adam Cuerton and Signpost editors actively engaged in promoting Wikipedia and closing Wikinews are prohibited b WP:COI from making negative contributions to the article without first seeking permission on the talk page. Their actions are no different than that of employees of a competing company trying to smear a market competitor for competitive advantage. --LauraHale (talk) 03:34, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

Positive decrease?

 * In alexa rank, is used.Can I know why? I think it is supposed to be negative. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ChamithN (talk • contribs) 14:27, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

Deletion of articles
Should this article point out that, unlike the case with Wikipedia, articles on Wikinews can get speedily deleted when they are no longer newsworthy? I created an article on the death of Des O'Connor shortly after he died, but it was deleted by December 1 2020. Vorbee (talk) 20:43, 1 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Published articles on English Wikinews are not deleted when no longer newsworthy. An article must be newsworthy at the time of publication, though, so if the article you created did not get published while still fresh, it would eventually be PROD'd and, after another two days, deleted.  There are over twenty thousand published articles in the Wikinews archive.  See n:WN:PILLARS. --Pi zero (talk) 16:36, 6 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wikinews


text:
David Hodgson

David Hodgson may refer to:

 * David Hodgson (rugby league) (born 1981), English rugby league footballer
 * David Hodgson (judge) (1939–2012), Australian judge
 * David Hodgson (chemist), English chemistry professor
 * David Hodgson (footballer) (born 1960), English football player
 * David Hodgson (artist) (1798–1864), English painter
 * Dave Hodgson (born 1959), English mayor of Bedford
 * David Hodgson, convicted murderer, see murder of Jenny Nicholl

title: David Hodgson


text:
.pe

.pe is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Peru.

It is managed by the company Red Científica Peruana (RCP).

Second-level domains
Starting from December 8, 2007, the registry accepts registrations directly at the second level.

Prior to this change in policy, registrations were limited to third level domains under these second level domains:

 * edu.pe: Educational Institutions of Peru
 * gob.pe: Government of Peru
 * nom.pe: Individuals from Peru
 * mil.pe: Military of Peru
 * sld.pe: Health System of Peru
 * org.pe: Organizations of Peru
 * ngo.pe: NGOs of Peru
 * com.pe: Commercial entities of Peru
 * net.pe: Network providers of Peru

title: .pe


text:
User:St0rm~enwiki

Active mainly in Russian Wikipedia. See also my talk page there.

title: User:St0rm~enwiki


text:
Talk:Louisville and Nashville Railroad

Influence on American music
First of all this is a fantastic article. Very informative and easy to follow. I've been a fan of some of the music about the L&N which brought me to the article. Some people may not know that the L&N has been the subject of numerous American songwriters and performers for decades and several of the songs provide a a glimpse into American history and the L&N's influence on people who were touched by it in some way. Here's a sample of some songs:

 * The L&N Don’t Stop Here Anymore - June Carter Cash
 * The L&N Don’t Stop Here Anymore - Johnny Cash
 * The L&N Blues - Clara Smith
 * The L&N Boogie - Jean-Paul Amouroux
 * L&N Blues - Memphis Willie B
 * L&N Rag - Adam Hurt

Stories about the L&N can be found in blues, folk and country music. June Carter gets my vote. Anyhow, I think this material is well worth adding to the article. I'll try and dig up more and get better details, I'll let you guys who have been working this article figure out how best to add it. Ideas? Mr Christopher 04:15, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

The L&N Don't Stop Here Anymore was written by dulcimer player Jean Ritchie. Another cover version is by Michelle Shocked (where I first heard about the L&N). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.45.72.28 (talk • contribs) 10:53, April 12, 2007

Gen. Boyle?
"Jeremiah Boyle was chartered by the state as President of the railroad after the war, under the title of Evansville, Henderson & Nashville Railroad Company." I have to query whether this is exactly true. The sources linked seem to indicate that this was a separate railroad company, which was acquired by the L&N after the Panic of 1873. Since General Boyle's death date is given as 1871, it does not appear that he could have had any connection to the L&N. RivGuySC 22:28, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from:. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, providing it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Mackensen (talk) 22:43, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I might have caught this myself if I wasn't on a long wiki-break when the copyvios occurred.  I hope you (and anyone else) can spend some time restoring some of the intervening content that wasn't copied/pasted, since there's been a year and a half of changes since the copyvios.  Stevie is the man!  Talk • Work 23:05, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm hoping to circle back once I'm done flagging copyvios (see User:Mackensen/Drury copyvios for the list to date) and restore improvements. Thanks for fixing the Kincaid reference. Mackensen (talk) 23:27, 22 August 2015 (UTC)

Track gauge
Was this road ever ? Some one please clarify. Peter Horn User talk 11:41, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Peter Horn User talk 11:58, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Good question. I would not be surprised if it was at some time.  I'll have to check my resources... Slambo (Speak)  13:55, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * I just skimmed through Maury Klein's 1972 book History of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, from in my personal book collection, but didn't see anything about the track gauge on a quick look. This book is more about the financial history of the railroad's early years than its technical details.  I'll check a few more sources... Slambo (Speak)  14:33, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * for details see Rjensen (talk) 14:40, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Good catch, I missed that on my quick skim. It appears from mortgage documents (page 149) that the gauge change to standard gauge was made before 1870 and that roads connecting to the L&N were then also required to be standard gauge; that document seems to infer that L&N was already fully standard gauged by the time it was written. ICC documents of 1889 (page 370) also indicate the L&N was standard gauged "some years after the execution of said contract." Slambo (Speak) 14:50, 27 October 2015 (UTC)
 * That means that this road and others were converted well before 1886 The Days They Changed the Gauge. A list of those others would be useful so that those articles can be revised accordingly. Peter Horn User talk 17:14, 27 October 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Louisville and Nashville Railroad


text:
Wikipedia talk:News sources

Untitled
I've just seen that there is already a news collection and sources page. However this is not a good collection because there are far more resources from the richer world and so if you pick a link at random to follow the news you'll get will be more likely to be western world biased. The purpose of this page is the arrange the links in such a way that a link selected at random will not cause such bias. As such the links to individual newspapers in a country etc will be subpages. This enables all of the information to be presented but in a more unbiased manner. Barnaby dawson 13:49, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Major rework under way. Barnaby dawson 14:13, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

These sites to be categorised:
 * Asian news
 * India News
 * South american daily
 * Euronews
 * World news from the BBC
 * ITAR-TASS - Russian wire service
 * Reuters - British international news agency
 * Japan today

Hong Kong -> China
I've just joined sections on Hong Kong into the chinese sections. This is not meant to be a political statement. The reason I did it is because it's population is 6,855,125. Putting Hong Kong alongside India and china which both have populations more like 1 billion would be unreasonable. The purpose of this collection of news sites is to help reduce bias by representing the world regions by population rather than by number of news agencies. Barnaby dawson 11:03, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Caribbean
Should the Caribbean go under NAmerica or SAmerica? I'm guessing the former? Guettarda 14:59, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

As for precedent the only Carribean sources yet present are listed under North America.

I am about to overhall this resource so it won't in practice matter that much. In so doing I shall be attempting to make sure that the major links on the main page of this resource are reasonably comparable (for the purpose of NPOV) in terms of population. The relevent populations can be found here. A back of the envelope calculation tells me the figures are roughly:

North America: 432 million South America: 365 million Central America: 40 million Carribean: 36 million

Looking at these figures it seems clear that South America, Central America and the Carribean ought to be grouped together. Barnaby dawson 09:07, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Overhaul of this resource
This resource is in the process of being overhauled. The aim is to more accurately represent the peoples of the world, whilst remaining an easy to navigate hierarchy. At each level of the hierarchy each link should cover roughly the same number of people.

The strategy I shall use is to divide the world up first by geographic region. Then, if further geographical subdivisions exist which are likely to be known by most people using this resource, I shall divide again by geographical region. If no further sensible geographical division exists then I'll provide links to groups of countries alphabetically with each group having roughly similar populations. I'll carry on subdividing until what remains is reasonably representative. Barnaby dawson 12:29, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

The first task is to divide the world into geographical regions.

Using this webpage I suggest these divisions for the main project page:

 * Africa         885 million
 * Americas+Oceana 905 million
 * Europe         727 million
 * China         1300 million
 * India         1087 million
 * Asia (rest of) 1489 million

This clearly isn't an ideal division. Europe has less than half the population of "Asia (rest of)". However there is no clear way of further dividing up Asia. Europe can't sensibly be combined with the Americas either. Barnaby dawson 16:17, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

In addition I propose to amalgamate the broadcasting, internet only and newsprint at the project page level. The information will still be provided but at the level of the external links. Barnaby dawson 16:47, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

Having finished overhauling Africa, Europe, India and China I have deleted the links to the broadcasting, print and internet subpages for these regions. I have also blanked these pages and given put a note up on their talk pages stating that I view them as being redundant (where they had a talk page). No links have been lost. I have carfully copied links from these subpages across to the new pages with a few minor exceptions. Barnaby dawson 16:46, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Peace resources
What about peace resources? There are lots of sites worldwide concerned with world peace. The www.peaceonearth.org.uk site is just one and the UN site is another.

Right now we have No specific region/topic specific. Suggestions welcome :) . Incidentaly the institute of war and peace time reporting in the balkans is listed for several european countries (where it seemed most relevent).  Barnaby dawson 07:40, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

America and Oceana
I have just finished providing news sources for many countries in this region. I have combined the resources together with others that were already extant and put them into one subpage. This is to bring these regions into the same hierarchical system as all the other regions and to avoid giving undue prominence to these regions.

I think an explanation is required of me as to where all those American state newsprint links are. They may be found at News sources/US. It should be noted that regional links are only meant to be included on the page that deals specifically with a country. If all the states news links were included on the subpage dealing with America and Oceana then America would have undue prominence on that page (judged by population).

Finally I haven't yet dealt with the internet only North American links. None of these have been marked up by country so at some point they will have to be identified with a specific country and included in the relevent place. Barnaby dawson 11:31, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

English language?
I was wondering: do the news sources listed here have to be in the English language? I wanted to add a whole bunch of Dutch newsprints, but they're all in the Dutch language. Adding them would be useless if the linked news sources have to be in English. A ecis Brievenbus 22:56, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

News resources from 2000 to 2004
I am looking for access to news from 2000 to 2004. Often times such access needs a subscription. Does Wikipedia have a subscription to something I could use? Or is there a free site out there? I know the NY Times is giving their old news away free now. Any other sources following suit on this? Kingturtle 15:41, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand are in Oceania only.
Why, then, does the Notes on categories section state "Australia and New Zealand are categorised in Oceania and hence in Americas and Oceania."? Were they in both at some point but no longer? The Crab Who Played With The Sea (talk) 12:45, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:News sources


text:
Template talk:Timeline of the Migrations Period

It's a preliminary version. I think I should change it to have bars corresponding to geographical locations (Rome, Iberia, Britain etc.) and colours referring to specific peoples (Huns, Goths, etc.) however, a timeline can never contain all the information of a historical map. dab 13:50, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Firefox~enwiki

Hi!
Hey, Firefox. I've been wanting to meet you for ages! I seem to have 'stolen' your nick, ages ago – I didn't realise you existed at the time, sorry! You can take the big ugly notice off your userpage/talk page if you want. I just did it a while ago because you hadn't edited for months and thought you were inactive, or had left the project or something. Cheers, —  Fire Fox  18:53, 24 June '06
 * It's very confusing, I give you that. Don't forget to sign your posts by the way :) —  Fire Fox  19:00, 24 June '06
 * The original FireFox left...you can use it. Big  top  18:28, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * He's back...be careful.-- C hi  li  14  06:10, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

File:P1020479.JPG listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:P1020479.JPG, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Calliopejen1 (talk) 18:34, 28 October 2011 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Firefox. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Firefox~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:55, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:54, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Firefox~enwiki


text:
.pf

.pf is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for French Polynesia. The name pf derived from the French name of Polynésie française.

A local contact has to be appointed to register a domain name under .pf. The only 2nd level domain available for public registrations at the third level is .org.pf, but most registrations are made directly at the second level.

Second-level domains

 * org.pf
 * asso.pf (reserved for duly declared associations)
 * edu.pf (reserved for educational institutions)
 * gov.pf (reserved for the Government of French Polynesia)

title: .pf


text:
Talk:Montebello, California

Looking good!
Looks good... no more movie star mentions? -

Gezuz... how many times do I have to re-write that history section? Virtually plagerized? Very similar but it was not plagerized. Gezuz. The land was populated by the Tongva indians. Okay, tell me the millions of other ways of writing that sentence. Do you want me to create another version of Montebello's history???? You just erased A LOT of paragraphs that were approved by some other honcho long ago.. What a pain you guys are. Almost makes one not want to contribute to this.

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 8 external links on Montebello, California. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131017052413/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc to http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092307/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0648816.html to http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0648816.html
 * Added tag to http://www.datarecoverypomona.com/data-recovery-montebello.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120426091322/https://lib.berkeley.edu/EART/rancho.html to https://lib.berkeley.edu/EART/rancho.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092307/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0648816.html to http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0648816.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092307/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0648816.html to http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0648816.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101215171941/http://www.montebellobarnyardzoo.com/about.html to http://www.montebellobarnyardzoo.com/about.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101128181411/http://reporter.am/pdfs/C0614.pdf to http://www.reporter.am/pdfs/C0614.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100615182843/http://anca.org/press_releases/press_releases.php?prid=834 to http://www.anca.org/press_releases/press_releases.php?prid=834

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:32, 5 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Montebello, California


text:
Howard Gayle

Howard Anthony Gayle (born 18 May 1958) is an English former footballer who played for Birmingham City, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Halifax Town, Liverpool, Newcastle United, Sunderland and Stoke City.

Gayle began his career with Liverpool, becoming the first black player to play for the team. After loan spells with Fulham and Newcastle United he joined Birmingham City in search of regular first team football. He then played for Sunderland and had a short spell in the United States playing indoor football with the Dallas Sidekicks. He returned to England and played for Stoke City, Blackburn Rovers and ended his career with Halifax Town.

Club career
Gayle was born in Toxteth and joined the youth ranks at local side Liverpool in 1974. He signed a professional contract with the club in 1977, becoming the first black player to play for Liverpool, which was seen as a "victory" for the black community in Liverpool.

"'It was constantly in the press that I was the first black player to play for Liverpool. It was a landmark as far as black people were concerned, and I was proud to represent the black community of Liverpool'"

His finest hour for Liverpool came in the 1980–81 European Cup semi-final second leg away at Bayern Munich when he came on as an early substitute to help Liverpool draw 1–1 and progress to the final on the away goals rule. Although he was a non-playing substitute in the final, he was rewarded with a winner's medal. After loan spells at Fulham and Newcastle United he left Anfield after making just five appearances. While at Newcastle he became the first Black player to represent them in the Football League when he made his debut against Cambridge United on 27 November 1982.

Gayle joined Birmingham City where he played in the 1982–83 season scoring once against West Ham and then he hit 10 in 45 during the 1983–84 campaign. Gayle then signed for Len Ashurst's Sunderland, where he became a popular player playing in two seasons before moving to the United States to play for Dallas Sidekicks in the Major Indoor Soccer League. He returned to England in April 1987 to play for Stoke City, playing six matches at the end of the 1986–87 season, scoring twice in a 3–2 defeat against Bradford City.

He then spent five years at Blackburn Rovers, where he was that club's first black player, the third club where he had achieved this milestone. He signed for them in 1987 and was a regular striker in their quest for top-flight football. However, by the time Blackburn were promoted to the newly-created Premier League in 1992, Gayle had fallen down the pecking order in favour of expensive new signings Mike Newell and David Speedie, and with the arrival of national record signing Alan Shearer that summer, it was clear that Blackburn manager Kenny Dalglish felt that Gayle was surplus to requirements at Ewood Park.

Gayle joined Halifax Town in the newly renamed Division Three but managed just five league appearances as they were relegated to the Football Conference. After leaving Halifax he had a brief trial at Carlisle United, before retiring from football.

International career
As an overage player, he helped England win the 1984 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, in which he scored a goal in the final against Spain.

Personal life
Gayle was born to a father from Sierra Leone and a mother from Ghana. In August 2016, it was reported that Gayle had turned down a nomination for an MBE for his work with "Show Racism the Red Card", saying it would be "a betrayal to all of the Africans who have lost their lives, or who have suffered as a result of Empire."

He released his autobiography in October 2016 titled 61 Minutes in Munich.

Honours
Liverpool
 * European Cup winner: 1980–81

Sunderland
 * Football League Cup runner-up: 1984–85

England under-21
 * 1984 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship

title: Howard Gayle