text:
Jackie Goldberg

Jacqueline Barbara Goldberg (born November 18, 1944) is an American politician, activist and former educator currently serving as a member of the Los Angeles Unified School District Board of Education for District 5, a position she has held since 2019. Previously serving as a board member from 1983 until 1991, Goldberg has also served as a member of the Los Angeles City Council and the California State Assembly.

Participating in the Free Speech Movement while a student at the University of California, Berkeley, Goldberg was first elected to the Los Angeles Unified School District Board of Education in 1983. In 1993, she was elected to the Los Angeles City Council for the 13th district, becoming the first openly lesbian candidate elected to the city council. Goldberg was later elected to the California State Assembly for the 45th district. After a period away from electoral politics, she was re-elected to the Board of Education in 2019.

While serving on the City Council, Goldberg spearheaded efforts to extend benefits to unmarried domestic partners and authored a significant ordinance that ensured a living wage and benefits for all City of Los Angeles employees. She was also credited by the business community with being instrumental in revitalizing Hollywood. In the State Assembly, she authored several education-related bills and passed legislation that granted LGBT couples rights similar to those of married spouses.

Early life and education
Goldberg was born on November 18, 1944 in Los Angeles, California, to Ed Goldberg, a housewares salesman, and Ruth Goldberg, a teacher. She has a brother, Arthur, who is an activist and attorney. The family lived in Inglewood, California, where she attended Morningside High School. She graduated early and attended University of California, Berkeley, where she graduated with a bachelor's degree and was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa. She later went to the University of Chicago, where she graduated with a master's degree.

While in high school, she became involved in activism. In 1964, she and Arthur became participated in the Free Speech Movement at Berkeley. Goldberg took a leading role and led the initial talks with the University of California administration to peacefully resolve the police car blockade before being replaced as the spokesperson by Mario Savio. She was arrested during a nonviolent demonstration, which subsequently prevented her from securing a job within the Los Angeles Unified School District. After graduating from the University of Chicago, she became a teacher in the Compton Unified School District.

LAUSD Board of Education
In 1983, Goldberg ran for the Los Angeles Unified School District Board of Education against 3rd district incumbent Tony Trias, who had been appointed three years earlier. Goldberg placed ahead of Trias in the primary election. In the general election, Goldberg defeated Trias, with her victory contributing to a four-person liberal majority on the board, alongside the simultaneous election of Larry Gonzalez. In the 1987 election, Trias again challenged Goldberg, but she defeated him again in the primary.

During her first tenure as school president, the board implemented a year-round schedule to alleviate overcrowding in schools and established a program to give greater authority to the community, including teachers and parents. However, Goldberg expressed disappointment that many low income, immigrant, and minority students continued to struggle academically. She faced criticism for her straightforwardness and was viewed as untrustworthy by some, particularly conservative board members. Her supporters argued that the criticism stemmed from her initiatives to reform the system and empower parents and teachers. During the 1989 teachers' strike, Goldberg was one of three board members inclined to compromise with the teachers' union, and she attempted to reach an agreement before the strike occurred. Two months later, Goldberg was elected as board president. However, board member Rita Walters cast the lone vote against Goldberg's election, expressing concern that Goldberg's election was from the board's preference for teachers over administrators. She was later re-elected to the position on July 9, 1990. In November 1990, Goldberg announced her retirement from the board and her intention to return to her career as a high school teacher. She was succeeded by teacher Jeff Horton.

On July 23, 2018, following the resignation of incumbent District 5 board member Ref Rodriguez due to perjury and other felony charges, Goldberg expressed interest in filling his seat. She clarified that she intended to serve only the remainder of his term if appointed but expressed the possibility of running in a special election if she were not appointed. Some parents wanted a Latino representative since the majority of the students were Latino, but Goldberg highlighted her endorsements from Latino leaders such as Dolores Huerta. The board opted to schedule an election on March 5, 2019, followed by a runoff on May 14, 2019, while also deciding against pursuing an appointment process. Goldberg announced her candidacy to complete the term as a candidate backed by the teachers' union. Among ten candidates, she secured the top position and proceeded to a runoff against Heather Repenning. In the runoff, Goldberg achieved a landslide victory over Repenning, signaling a significant shift in the board's power dynamic toward union-backed members, as the board had previously been majority pro-charter. In the 2020 election, she was challenged by teacher Christina Martinez Duran. Goldberg faced opposition from Manhattan Beach businessman Bill Bloomfield, who ran attack ads against her. The advertisements accused Goldberg of putting children at risk of gun violence and linked her to a sexual misconduct scandal at Miramonte Elementary, which Goldberg denounced as "vicious lies." Despite Bloomfield's efforts, Goldberg defeated Martinez Duran and was re-elected to a second term.

In her first days back on the board, Goldberg challenged the aid provided to charter schools and pushed for the passing of Measure EE, a school funding measure. In July 2020, following the George Floyd protests, Goldberg co-wrote a resolution with board member Mónica García to reduce the school police budget by $25 million. In January 2023, Goldberg was elected as the president of the Board of Education, replacing Kelly Gonez. In her second tenure as president, she focused on making meetings understandable and accessible to the public, explaining how the board conducted its business, and ensuring that meetings and public comments started on time. She also led the board in providing LGBTQ+ support following anti-LGBTQ+ protests at Saticoy Elementary School. Prior to the three-day teachers' strike in 2023, Goldberg led talks between the teachers' union and the district. These negotiations broke down after union organizers accused the district of breaking confidentiality. Goldberg admitted to this, explaining that she wanted to congratulate the organizers and was unaware it was supposed to be a secret. She was re-elected as board president on December 12, 2023. In August 2023, Goldberg announced that she would be retiring from the board in 2024 and stepping away from electoral politics.

Los Angeles City Council
In 1993, Goldberg entered the race for the Los Angeles City Council's 13th district seat after incumbent Michael Woo opted not to seek re-election, instead making an unsuccessful mayoral bid. Joining Goldberg in the election were notable figures from the gay community, including AIDS health care executive Michael Weinstein and television executive Conrado Terrazas. Future councilmember Tom LaBonge, who was serving as an aide to council president John Ferraro at the time, also ran in the election. She and LaBonge advanced to a runoff, with Goldberg receiving endorsements from high-profile Democrats like Gloria Molina and aiming to perform well in ethnically diverse urban areas. LaBonge concentrated his campaign efforts on districts outside Hollywood, targeting conservative, Anglo-American homeowners. Both traded accusations of holding to special interests, with LaBonge accusing Goldberg of taking special-interest money, and Goldberg claiming LaBonge accepted campaign funds from real estate developers. In the subsequent runoff election, Goldberg defeated LaBonge, becoming the first openly lesbian candidate to win a seat on the City Council.

While in the City Council, Goldberg introduced a motion to extend health insurance coverage to unmarried domestic partners of city employees. The decision drew criticism for its timing, given the city's ongoing budget deficit. However, it was also praised for enabling more people to get coverage, with proponents arguing that the costs would be minimal. Goldberg led the revitalization of the Hollywood area after the 1994 Northridge earthquake, in which she and her staff helped the Federal Disaster Assistance with giving supplies. She also assisted in forming the Yucca Corridor Coalition, which helped renovate the crime-ridden area, and developed a successful slum abatement program that held landlords accountable. In 1995, she and her wife, Sharon Stricker, co-founded an after-school enrichment initiative for students.

After her 2000 election to the State Assembly, Goldberg resigned from her seat on the City Council. She advocated for the appointment of her chief of staff, Sharon Delugach, to fill the vacancy, but the council ultimately decided against an appointment. The election to succeed her saw a variety of candidates, including her brother, Arthur, former councilmember Woo, former candidate and Goldberg's staffer Terrazas, activist Bennett Kayser, assemblyman Scott Wildman, and Eric Garcetti, the son of Los Angeles County District Attorney Gil Garcetti. Garcetti and Woo advanced to a runoff, where Garcetti ultimately won the election.

California State Assembly
In 1999, Goldberg entered the 2000 election for the California State Assembly to succeed Antonio Villaraigosa, who was termed out and running for Mayor of Los Angeles in 2001. Initially facing competition from AIDS activist Cesar Portillo and legal services director Antonio de la Rosa, the latter withdrew from the race, leaving Goldberg and Portillo as the remaining candidates. During the campaign, Portillo accused Goldberg's campaign of spreading rumors about his arrest nine years earlier by an undercover policeman in a whispering campaign, and publicly disclosed this information to address the allegations. However, Goldberg's campaign denied these claims. In the primary, Goldberg secured a landslide victory over Portillo, and subsequently proceeded to win the general election unopposed. She was re-elected in 2002 and 2004 before being termed out. She was a founding member of the California Legislative LGBTQ Caucus in June 2002 alongside Mark Leno, Sheila Kuehl, John Laird, and Christine Kehoe.

While in the Assembly, Goldberg served as the chair of the Committee on Education and authored several education-related bills. These efforts included legislation to expedite school construction, a bill that gave teachers more say in textbook selection and curriculum development, and an attempt to ban Native American mascots in schools, which was ultimately blocked. She also wrote a bill that eliminated some of the differences between domestic partnerships and traditional marriages. The bill gave same-sex couples financial obligations to each other and to any children, responsibility for each others' debts, and the ability to own property and file taxes jointly. After she termed out, she was succeeded by labor organizer Kevin de León, who defeated Christine Chavez, the granddaughter or Cesar Chavez, and Elena Popp, the candidate endorsed by Goldberg.

Personal life
Goldberg is lesbian and Jewish, and is married to Sharon Stricker, a poet and activist. The couple met in 1976 and moved to Echo Park three years later. They were married on March 8, 2004, in San Francisco during the city's same-sex weddings. Goldberg and Stricker have an adopted son named Brian Stricker Goldberg, whom they raised together.

After first retiring from politics in 2006, Goldberg taught for several years as part of the UCLA Teacher Education Program and joined UCLA's Center X. When Roy Romer was nearing retirement as Superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District, Goldberg was rumored to be campaigning for an appointment to the office, although she denied having any interest in the position.

title: Jackie Goldberg


text:
Carole Migden

Carole Migden (born August 14, 1948, in New York City) is an American politician from San Francisco who represented the third district of the California State Senate from 2004 to 2008 and the 13th district of the California State Assembly from 1996 to 2002. She is the state's second openly lesbian legislator.

Migden's former district, the 3rd Senate district, includes parts of San Francisco, Sonoma County, and Marin County. She was previously a member of the California State Assembly (1996–2002), where she became the first freshman, first woman, and first lesbian to chair the Committee on Appropriations. She was also Chairwoman of the California Board of Equalization (2002–2004), the nation's only publicly elected tax commission. Prior to that, she had served on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors (1991–1996). She also chaired the San Francisco Democratic Party for eight years and is a former member of the Democratic National Committee.

Migden was the Chairperson of California Senate Labor & Industrial Relations Committee and the Chairperson of the Senate Majority Caucus. She was previously the Senate Appropriations Committee Chair. She was, at the time, the only openly lesbian state legislator from Northern California.

In 2009, Migden was appointed State Commissioner of the California Integrated Waste Management Board (2009-2010), promoting green technology and a zero-based waste policy. In 2011, Appointed Commissioner of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board (2011-2012), set up to protects the legal rights of agricultural workers.

State legislature
In the State Assembly, Migden served for five years as Chairwoman of the Assembly Committee on Appropriations. She was the first woman and the first lesbian to chair that committee. She also served for four years as a conferee on the state's Joint Budget Conference Committee, which writes the final version of California's state budget. As a member of the State Assembly, Migden authored legislation to create California's domestic partner registry, promote children's health, preserve the old growth Headwaters Forest, increase accountability in K–12 schools, protect borrowers from predatory and deceptive lending practices, protect consumers from manipulation by energy generators, and promote the use of emergency contraception.

In 1998, Migden authored the '‘Safe Needles Act'’ (AB1208 - 1998) that became a national model for legislation that President Clinton signed into law in 2000. Prior to this bill being passed, needles injured 100,000 health care workers a year.

Migden authored the '‘Clean Water Act'’ in 1999 that imposed tougher penalties on industrial polluters dumping harmful toxins in California waterways. She also authored the Headwaters Forest and SF Wetlands/Cargill legislation that enabled the state preservation of the ancient Headwaters Forest and restoration of the San Francisco Baylands into a wildlife habitat and recovery of endangered species.

Over the last seven years Migden has authored legislation for domestic partnership in California providing benefits to the LGBT community and unmarried senior citizens. Assembly Bill 26 in 1999 marked the first time in the nation a state legislature passed a domestic partnership statute without forcible intervention of the courts. (Assembly Bill 26).

Migden's SB 565 provided for the legalization of the transfer of property between domestic partners without reassessment for tax purposes (Senate Bill 565) and provided for the filing of domestic partner income-tax returns under the same status as married couples. (Senate Bill 1827).

In 2005, Migden's SB 663 closed tax loopholes allowing corporate giants to put millions in offshore tax shelters and depleting the state of revenues. Migden has authored legislation to improve foster care that created new programs such as transitional housing, increased savings accounts, and adoption incentives for parents adopting teenagers.

Migden has authored legislation providing for rapid HIV testing (AB 1263), protection of health care workers from needle injuries (AB 1046) and enabling of HIV positive people to have healthy children (SB 443).

In 2002 Migden authored legislation (AB 1860) requiring the state to provide information regarding the "morning after" contraception to female victims of sexual assault.

Staunchly opposed to the war in Iraq, Migden became one of the first critics of the war and passed a Senate resolution making California the first state in the nation to formally oppose the surge of troops in Iraq.

Marin
In the fall of 2007 Migden helped resolve a five-year- standoff between Marin County and the state of California regarding property taxes taken by the State and diverted to fund education deficits. With rising property tax values, the state decided to withhold an additional $4 million of county generated tax revenues to pay for programs for troubled children throughout California. Marin officials claimed the state was forcing the county to shoulder an unfair degree of state oriented funding. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed two bills pushed forward by Migden to resolve the issue. Migden's third bill passed and resulted in cutting the amount of surplus funds the county will annually pay to the state by half. The bill resulted in an extra $1.9 million a year for Marin County and a total return of $24.7 million to the area.

Personal life
Migden was born August 14, 1948, in New York City. Migden is Jewish. Migden has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Adelphi University and a Master of Arts degree from Sonoma State University.

Marriage
In February 2004, she married Cristina Arguedas, a criminal defense attorney and her partner since 1985, in a ceremony at San Francisco City Hall officiated by San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom. That marriage was later annulled by the California Supreme Court.

Leukemia
On May 23, 2007, Migden announced that she was diagnosed with leukemia in 1997 (about a year into her first Assembly term). She was only expected to live 3–5 years after her diagnosis.

Migden underwent rigorous and difficult chemotherapies for two years before finally becoming a participant in clinical trial, which ultimately got FDA approval for Gleevec, which has proven to be a watershed cancer drug. She has been in complete remission for many years.

Migden's legislative activity persisted, uninterrupted, during the time she was undergoing treatment, continuing to enact legislation including the Clean Water Act, the first Domestic Partnership bill, HMO Health Care Reform, and many others.

Driving history
In 1996, Migden ran a stop sign by the State Capitol and crashed into a 1990 Dodge Spirit sedan owned by Teresa Latham. The crash injured Latham and destroyed Latham's car. Latham claimed that Migden did not "seem concerned at all about the situation." Migden accepted full responsibility for the accident and refutes the claim that she was not concerned about Latham or her car.

On May 18, 2007, Migden crashed her SUV into a sedan which was stopped at a red light, injuring Ellen Butawan and her 3-year-old daughter, who were sent to the emergency room. Migden claims that she may have suffered from an adverse response to her leukemia treatment that led her to drive erratically. 911 tapes released in August show other drivers who saw her during her 30-mile trip along I-80 were panicking as they reported seeing her hit the center divider, and repeatedly come close to hitting other cars, before finally hitting one. One motorist claimed Migden told her, "You can't talk to me like that. I'm a senator." Migden voluntarily ceased driving as she continued to undergo treatment and as medical tests were pursued. Migden claimed that her "wild ride" occurred during state business, so that the Department of General Services paid $335,000 to Butawan in July 2009.

In May 2007, Migden said "I owe an explanation to the public and myself and, in particular, the person I hurt."

On August 10, 2007, Migden entered a nolo contendere (no contest) plea to charges of reckless driving, paid a $710 fine and was sentenced to two years of probation.

Awards
In 1998 Migden was named "Rookie of the year" award by the California Journal, giving her top honors in the categories of integrity, intelligence, hardest working and most influential. In 1999, Migden received "Legislator of the Year" honors from the California School Employees Association. and the National Center for Lesbian Rights' "Lesbian Leadership Award". In 2000, she was recognized with the "Affordable Housing Leadership Award". In 2001, Migden was named "Legislator of the Year" by the California National Organization for Women.

Election 2008
Seeking a second term in the state senate, Migden failed to win renomination in the 2008 primary election held on 2008-06-03. She finished second in a three-way race. Assemblyman Mark Leno won the nomination, while Migden finished slightly ahead of former Assemblyman Joe Nation from El Verano. She was the first legislator to lose a renomination since Assemblyman Brian Setencich lost his primary race in 1996. The election was won by Democrat Mark Leno.

The race was one of the costliest legislative races in the state. Migden came into the race with $647,000 in the bank from past races, but according to the Fair Political Practices Commission (FPPC), she did not properly transfer campaign funds. The FPPC investigators found 89 violations in campaign finance reporting. The FPPC originally prevented her from using the $647,000 from previous races. On March 6, Migden filed a legal challenge against the FPPC, claiming the FPPC ruling had violated her right to free speech. The FPPC settled the dispute with Migden for a record $350,000 fine. Richie Ross, Migden's campaign consultant, called the issues in the complaint legitimate, saying, "There's no excuse, and she will have to take her legitimate lumps. I know it, and she knows it."

Democratic delegates at the state party convention in March 2008 voted not to endorse Migden 742–298.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Carole Migden


text:
User:Aaronbrick

Aaron Brick is a guy. See http://www.lithic.org.

Articles he had the pleasure of starting:

 * Music: Michael Jonzun and Maurice Starr, Low Pop Suicide, Rick Boston, World Domination Recordings, James Phillips, State of Grace, Marshall Berle, Frijolero, Reggie Rockstone
 * Arts: Lord Buckley
 * Local history: New York City Cabaret Card, San Lorenzo Valley, Point Conception, San Francisco General Hospital, Dennis Peron, Mission Street
 * Other: MyWikiBiz, Trimmer

title: User:Aaronbrick


text:
Aimaq dialect

Aimaq or Aimaqi is the dominant eastern Persian ethnolect spoken by the Aimaq people in central northwest Afghanistan (west of the Hazarajat) and eastern Iran. It is close to the Dari varieties of Persian. The Aimaq people are thought to have a 5–15% literacy rate.

Dialects
Subdialects of Aimaq dialect include:

 * Changezi
 * Firozkohi
 * Jamshidi
 * Maliki
 * Mizmast
 * Taimani
 * Timuri
 * Zainal
 * Zohri (also known as Zuri)

Phonology
Phonetically, as one of the eastern Persian dialects, the Aimaq dialect resembles a formal or classical form of Persian.

Vowels:

 * The "majhul" vowels ē / ī and ō / ū are still kept separate, whereas in western Persian they are merged as ī and ū respectively. For instance, the identically written words شیر 'lion' and 'milk' are in western Persian both pronounced [šīr], but in Aimaq [šēr] for 'lion' and [šīr] for 'milk'. The long vowel in زود 'quick' and زور 'strong' is realized as [ū] in western Persian, in contrast, these words are pronounced as [zūd] and [zōr] respectively by Aimaq speakers.
 * The diphthongs of early Classical Persian aw (as ow in Engl. cow) and ay (as i in English ice) have in Aimaq become (as in Engl. low) and  (as in Engl. day). Dari, on the other hand, is more archaic, e.g. نوروز 'Persian New Year' is realized as  in Iranian, and  in Aimaq, and نخیر 'no' is uttered as  in Iranian, and as  in Aimaq.
 * The high short vowels [i] and [u] tend to be lowered in western Persian to [e] and [o].
 * and are in Aimaq kept separate in word-final positions, unlike western Persian, where  has  as a word-final allophone.

Consonants:

 * Aimaq still retains the (classical) bilabial pronunciation of the labial consonant و, which is realized as a voiced labiodental fricative  in western Persian.  is found in Aimaq as an allophone of f before voiced consonants.
 * The voiced uvular stop (ق) and voiced velar fricative  (غ) are still kept separate in Aimaq. They have coincided in western Persian (probably under the influence of Turkic languages like Azeri and Turkmen).

Notations

 * Clifton, John M. (ed.) (2005) Studies in languages of Tajikistan North Eurasia Group, SIL International, St Petersburg, Russia, OCLC 122939499

title: Aimaq dialect


text:
Alyutor language

Alyutor or Alutor is a language of Russia that belongs to the Chukotkan branch of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages.

Sociolinguistic situation
The Alutor are the indigenous inhabitants of the northern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The language is unwritten and moribund; in the 1970s residents of the chief Alutor village of Vyvenka under the age of 25 did not know the language. In recent years the Vyvenka village school has started teaching the language. Until 1958 the language was considered the "village" (settled) dialect of the Koryak language, but it is not intelligible with traditionally nomadic varieties of Koryak. The autonym means "villager".

Typology
Alutor is a polysynthetic language.

ɣəmmə t-ə-plak+tavamjat-ə-tkən

I.ABS 1SG.S-E-boot+crumple-E-IMPERF

'I soften boots '

The morphology is agglutinative, with extensive prefixes and suffixes.

qəlʲippə tətu-kki ɣeqə⟩masla⟨ta n-ə-mal-qin.

bread+NOM+SG eat.with.something-CVB ASSOC⟩butter⟨ASSOC good

'Bread (eaten) with butter is excellent.'

The argument structure is ergative.

ən-an(nə) ɣəmmə ina-ɣal-i.

he-ERG me+ABS 1SG.P-walk.past-3SG.A

'He walked past me.'

The word order is variable, and it is difficult to say which typology is basic. The verb-absolutive orders AVO and VAO are perhaps most common.

tita·qa qutkinʲnʲaqu-nak maŋ.ki·ʔana ɣa⟩laʔu⟨lin ʔənnə-ʔən.

once (name)-ERG+SG somewhere RES⟩see⟨RES+3SG.P fish-ABS+SG

'Once Qutkinnyaqu saw a fish somewhere.'

ɣa⟩nvə⟨lin qutkinʲnʲaqu-nak təlɣə-lŋən ŋan.tiŋ.

RES⟩poke⟨RES+3SG.P (name)-ERG+SG finger-ABS+SG there

'Qutkinnyaqu stuck his finger there.'

Vowels
Alyutor has six vowels, five of which may be long or short. The schwa cannot be long.

Consonants
There are 18 consonants in Alyutor.

Stress
Stress generally falls on the second syllable of polysyllabic words, and on the first syllable of disyllabic words, e.g.:
 * 'water', 'skin',  'to feed',  'husband',  'mukluk'.

An open syllable containing schwa cannot be stressed. As a consequence, if a disyllabic term begins with such a syllable, the stress is shifted to the last syllable and thereafter a new, epenthetic syllable is added at the end, e.g.:

 * * ->  'mosquito'.

The final syllable of a word is never stressed.

Syllable structure
All Alyutor syllables begin with a single consonant. If the vowel is short, including a schwa, they may also close with a single consonant. Consonant clusters are not permitted in the word initial or word final positions. The schwa is used to break up disallowed clusters.

Examples are 'to work',  'eagle',  'parka'.

Alyutor word boundaries always coincide with syllable boundaries.

Morphology
Alyutor has the following parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, verbs, participles, adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, and particles.

Nouns
Nouns are inflected for number, case, definiteness, and grammatical person.

There are three grammatical numbers: singular, dual and plural.

There are eleven cases: absolutive, ergative, locative, dative, lative, prolative, contractive, causative, equative, comitative, and associative.

Number and case are expressed using a single affix. A suffix is used for all cases except the comitative and associative, which are expressed using circumfixes. There are two declensions, taught as three noun classes. The first class are nonhuman nouns of the first declension. Number is only distinguished in the absolutive case, though verbal agreement may distinguish number when these nouns are in the ergative. The second class are proper names and kin terms for elders. They are second declension, and distinguish number in the ergative, locative, and lative cases, as well as the absolutive. The third class are the other human nouns; they may be either first or second declension.

Case roles
ənnu ɣilŋatə-tkən ujatiki-k.
 * The absolutive case is the citation form of a noun. It is used for the argument ("subject") of an intransitive clause and the object of a transitive clause, for "syntactic possessives", and for the vocative.
 * The ergative is used for the agent ("subject") of a transitive verb, as an instrumental case, and as the argument of an antipassive clause.
 * The locative is used for position and direction (essive and lative cases), as well as arguments which are "driven away", e.g.:

he-ABS.SG drive-IMPERF sledge-LOC

'he drove away the sledge.'
 * The dative is used for recipients, benefactors, directional objects (allative case), and subjects of experiential verbs
 * Lative is used for motion toward a goal
 * Prolative is used for movement along and movement from (perlative and elative cases)
 * Equative is used with the meanings 'like X', 'as X', usually with verbs like 'to become', 'to turn into', 'to work as,' etc.
 * Contactive is used for objects that make contact
 * Causative is used for noun phrases that cause or motivate an action
 * Comitative is used for ... . It is primarily used with high-animacy referents.
 * Associative is used for secondary or passive accompaniment. It is only attested in the declension of nouns of the first declension, usually inanimate.

Grammatical person
Grammatical first and second person suffixes on nouns are used to equate a noun with participants in the discourse. They only appear in the absolutive, with an intervening j on nouns ending in a vowel and an i on nouns ending in a consonant.

 * ...ʡopta am-ʡujamtawilʔ-ə-muru "yes we the people"
 * japlə=q ʡujamtawilʔ-iɣəm "and I'm a man"

Numerals
Alyutor has simple numerals for the numbers one to five, ten, and twenty. All other numbers are compounds based on these numerals.

Verbs
There are finite (conjugated) and non-finite verbs. There are several conjugations.

Polypersonal conjugation
Finite verbs agree in person and number with their nuclear arguments; agreement is through both prefixes and suffixes. Transitive verbs agree with both arguments (ergative and absolutive), whereas intransitive verbs agree with their sole (absolutive) argument.

Verbs distinguish two aspects, perfective, the bare stem, and imperfective, using the suffix -tkə / -tkəni. There are five moods, indicative, imperative, optative, potential (marked by the circumfix ta…(ŋ)), and conjunctive (prefix ʔ-/a-).

Monopersonal conjugation
Monopersonal verbs include two conjugations, one with the third-person singular in ɣa-...-lin, and the other in n-...-qin.

Impersonal conjugation
For impersonal forms of conjugation include verbal predicate (formed with the circumfix a...ka) and imperative (formed by circumfix ɣa...a/ta). Non-finite forms Impersonal forms include the verbal predicate with the circumfix a…ka, and the imperative in ɣa…a/ta.

Non-finite forms
These include the infinitive, supine, gerunds, and participles.

title: Alyutor language


text:
Talk:Andy C

Picture
Anyone got a better picture then that? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.149.172.195 (talk) 17:50, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Comments
The executioner. This mercyless man can keep you rollin for many hours. propa rudebwai!

Ok this is stating my intention to remove these photographs, apparently i'm not following rad man's procedure by removing obviously TERRIBLE pictures that INCLUDE THE PERSON WHO'S POSTING THEM posing with "celebrities".

please give your arguments here for not removing them. otherwise, they will be removed. Themindset 02:55, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

No Skibadee?
this site has andy c but no mention of mc skibadee?

 * the world would be a better place if no-one ever mentioned skibadee..
 * I second that :P --Kingoomieiii

Why not create a page yourself?

Assessment
Start class. Just needs some references and footnotes to back up the info and it is a B class and maybe even GA. Aboutmovies 21:17, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * This article, sorry to say, is no where near GA. It's also not a B-class. An entire article, with the exception of the lead, cannot be written in first person and surrounded by quotation marks. All quotes must be attributable to a reliable, published source. The infobox is not the correct version; the lead needs work to comply with WP:LEAD; the headings are not in compliance with WP:MOS; the whole article is in need of wikification. That's just from reading the lead and scanning the rest of the article. Currently, it may qualify for AfD. Lara Love  T / C  19:06, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

The quote that takes up 3/4 of the page
I can only assume the quoted sections were written here by Andy C himself, since there are no citations (or even any of those irritating "citation needed" stickers) ANYWHERE. Some confirmation, anyone? And if so (making this undeniably an autobiography with an introduction), does that remove it from the regular biography category? Kingoomieiii 07:33, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Added {Autobiography} template. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kingoomieiii (talk • contribs) 05:45, April 22, 2007

 * I removed all of it. It was added by User:Badminton in this edit in September 2006. I have sent this user an email requesting that needed attribution of source could make it possible to have this included in the article again, however in an edited shape. __meco 12:09, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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General Style / Self-written Praise?
This whole article reads as if AndyC himself wrote it and (after pressure) backed it up with quotations from random record labels. Overall, this is not at all encyclopedic style, but reads more like an advertisement; which is inappropriate on wikipedia. 217.140.96.140 (talk) 14:34, 31 August 2016 (UTC)

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Birth name
Is there any source for his birth name being Clitoris? Or did someone edit that in as a joke lol. 65.128.137.210 (talk) 18:09, 9 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Andy C


text:
Klan

KLAN or Klan may refer to:

Radio and television

 * KLAN (FM), an FM radio station licensed to Glasgow, Montana
 * Klan (TV series), a Polish television series
 * Klan Kosova, a Kosovan TV channel
 * Klan TV, an Albanian TV channel

Other uses

 * Anthony Klan, an Australian investigative journalist
 * Capital Region International Airport, the Lansing, Michigan airport's ICAO code
 * Klan (magazine), an Albanian political and business weekly
 * "Klan" (song), a 2021 song by Italian singer Mahmood
 * Klan, Ivory Coast, a defunct commune in Sassandra-Marahoué District, Ivory Coast
 * Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacy group, sometimes referred to as the Klan

title: Klan


text:
Talk:Ultimax 100

Questions
The statement ""the low weight gives the weapon a low recoil"" is wrong: other things being equal, the lighter a weapon is, the higher the recoil will be. Imagine it being accelerated backwards by the forces of the projectile and muzzle blast.

The low recoil of the Ultimax is due to its design - here is a quote from Max Popenker's Moder Firearms site: ""The overall action design allows the bolt carrier/bolt group to travel all the way back without being stuck into the rear of the receiver. This feature helps to reduce felt recoil and to improve accuracy.""

 * so fix the article. the sentence on its face is incorrect and i will remove it entirely if you do not correct it. Avriette 04:41, July 16, 2005 (UTC)

Is the Ultimax 100 sight really that difficult to use? In my experience, the iron sights provided are no more difficult to use than that of the M-16; they are after all similar. --Rifleman 82 06:05, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

I would agree. The reference was probably in comparison with reflex sights, and not other iron sights. It might be because of the butt, which has a strange bulge towards the point where the buttpiece was slotted into the body of the weapon.

It should be added that in practice, the so-called Ultimax 30-round magazines, are not optimal, as, due to the design for the drum-magazine, the drilled holes were almost on the lip of the magazines. In comparison with designs - such as the FN Minimi - that did not require any modifications to be made to the magazine or the gun, this is an anachronism in design that was not addressed for over twenty years (and only addressed recently in the Mk 4 version).

Another poor design element was the cocking piece sliding to the left of the body - many an imprudent recruit had their palms cut when they failed to push the cocking piece forward after cocking the weapon. A covered cocking piece, or one spring-loaded to return automatically to the front, would have been superior.

The 100-round drums designed for the Ultimax 100 - rarely seen or used by ordinary servicemen in the Singapore Armed Forces - are heavy, and their round shapes made them less efficient to transport or carry. The FN Minimi boxes - particularly the third-party soft casing carriers - for the ammunition belts is a superior high-capacity weapon feed system.

All-in-all, I can't say I'm surprised that the FN Minimi was chosen by the US Marines instead.

(Philip Sim)

 * The "problem" with regard to 30-round box magazines is fairly insignificant. The fact that special-ops versions of the Minimi have the ability to use STANAG mags deleted shows that it's not a feature that's considered very important. After all, a light machine gun with a low-capacity magazine isn't particularly useful. Using a SAW with 30-round magazines gives you basically a heavier M16. I would expect the same to be true of an Ultimax with 30-rounders. 71.203.209.0 06:40, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Gallery
Where did the gallery at the bottom of this article go? is there a reason why it was removed? -- Climax  Void    ☭. —Preceding comment was added at 19:48, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Well because I used one of the images to replace the other image with the green background in the infobox, which was about to be deleted for copyvio and the remaining image was a tiny low-res blurb. Koalorka (talk) 19:51, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Youtube video
I'm all for a good video if it adds to the article. I haven't personally seen your video. I undid your revert twice for the reasons stated. First, to add to the article, it needs to be accurate. Second, it needs to conform to community standards. The first editor that reverted your addition did so with good reason, he thought it was poor quality and didn't reflect the community standards. Your only defense was to lash out against the person whom you disagreed with telling him that he didn't OWN the article. Well, you don't either. I'm not arguing either way as, again, I have not watched the video yet. My point is that it's contested and, therefore, should be discussed here on the talk page until such time as a concensus is reached. Talk away. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 15:55, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * In the words of a Latin proverb: "Actions not word." Go watch the video clip first before deciding I was wrong. I've seen the Ultimax 100 being fired countless times, but none was recorded on film. Here comes an amateur video (hence no copyvio issue!) which shows exactly what it is like firing the weapon with a C-Mag, a 30 round magazine and one hand shooting. I think that just about solves all doubts and questions, eh? Another thing, read WP:DTTR, it is offensive and impolite! ...Dave1185 (talk) 16:10, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * First, I can't as the firewall here blocks it. Second, I'm not arguing with you, I'm asking you to engage in a dialogue prior to petty edit warring.  The content was disputed... even you're not disputing that.  You're merely attacking me and Kaolarka (sp).  Now then, if you're so into quoting all of these Wikipedia policy and guideline pages, then why don't you do yourself a favor and read through WP:consensus? --Nukes4Tots (talk) 16:14, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Yawns! Watch it first, will you? I got all day to wait for your consensus, how long do you require? 24hours? 48hours? A week? A year? Hell, I'll wait and I stand to be corrected. In the meantime, I will be editing other pages so it's really no big deal, y'know? ...Dave1185 (talk) 16:19, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I'll have to say, your flippant, condescending tone isn't winning you any points. Yawning and talking down to long-time editors of this article gives you no pull over the community opinion.  Now, if I watch it and still agree that it doesn't need to be there, I'm not pulling any punches. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 16:25, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * You talked the talk but have you walked the walk? Like I've said, I can wait (There is no deadline). Cheers~! ..Dave1185 (talk) 16:32, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * First of all, who are you? You're acting like a teenager. What does this mean, "You talked the talk but have you walked the walk?"  This ain't no schoolyard and you ain't no prom queen.  I told you, I didn't and can't watch the video right now.  Please refrain from your combative, know-it-all attitude.  Since you're walking this walk and have no trouble throwing accusations around, I have no problem telling you that you're being a dick about this for no reason.  You're trying to beat up people for arguing with you when there's no argument.  I'm just trying to get you to the table.  Chill out.  Let the coolness flow through you.  Take your medication.  What ever it is that is causing this inbalance of yin and yang, get over it. See, even DanMP5 (a cool guy himself) tacitly agrees with you.  I might also. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 17:46, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * First of all, WHO ARE YOU? You are also acting like a teenager! Think about it, it takes two to edit-war. Let's face it, we are both at fault for this spiraling dialog between us, like it or not... so IF you'd be polite and I'll be polite too! ...Dave1185 (talk) 18:18, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually, Nukes has been engaging in thoughtful discussion while you make comments like these that don't even make sense, attack other editors because they make a valid point, and generally being a dick about the whole thing. This is just a discussion about a simple link to a video, you don't have to start attacking other editors for no reason. Also, you have been escalating this discussion, not nukes. —  Dan  MP5  20:02, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Dave, I'm waiting for the "nya-nya-nya" and raspberries. Please, attack the argument if you think it's unfair, but stop your personal attacks.  As a 'regular', you should definitely know better.  Address what I say, not how you feel about whoever you think I am. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 20:27, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Just to completely clarify things, your last comment was directed at Dave, right? —  Dan  MP5  02:40, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes... but I can see where it was unclear. Sorry. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 10:42, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

I don't really see anything wrong with the video (although I only watched half of it, dial-up), it's not high quality but most you tube videos aren't. —  Dan  MP5  16:58, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't much care for the video itself, it is a homemade film, I reverted for the "clip" (cringes) and the dedicated but unwarranted header. Koalorka (talk) 18:00, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Ha, I see you like the term "clip" about as much as I do. I don't really know what the standard for inclusion is for videos, as I can't watch the ones on articles like MP5 or Glock pistol because of my internet connection. —  Dan  MP5  20:02, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Alright, I viewed the clip. Ha, get it?  The film clip?  See, I was making a pun as the word clip here has a double meaning as both a snippet of video and as a magazine in ignorant-speak.  I made a funny.  Get it?  Hahaha!  Okay.  Wiping the tears from my eyes for a minute... I don't see any problem with the YouTube video.  I've seen that before and actually have it downloaded somewhere. Was also more worried that the ignorant term "clip" wasn't being used to describe what is obvioiusly a magazine. --Nukes4Tots (talk) 10:47, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

Mark 5 variant?
Does anyone have information on the new Mark 5 version for the USMC? I have encountered rumors that General Dynamics is now involved in at least the marketing of this new version to the Marines, could not verify licensing status or level of American development work. Koalorka (talk) 17:09, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

A link to the specs of the Mk 5. www.stengg.com/upload/921FaRTTolOeehfMOcU.pdf Really not sure if it's a step forward or back. Was there any point in a 1/3-shot control module, especially since the ROF of the weapon's low enough to control rounds fired simply by how long you hold down the trigger? Tap for 1 shot, hold for auto, can't get simpler than that. And opinion wise, I think a bipod/grip combo's still better than the monopod for stability, arguments that snipers can target SAW/IAR weapons gunners being simply theory, I think professional snipers are still taught to go for the leaders 1st. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.255.7.187 (talk) 04:05, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

The Mark 5 displaced the Mark 4 as an IAR candidate. There are pictures online of it taken at General Dynamics' display at the 2008 Association of the US Army (AUSA) annual meeting. General Dynamics, FN, and LWRC were originally selected to provide IAR prototypes back in June 2006. The competition was opened back up in November 2007 to allow Colt, FN, General Dynamics, HK, KAC, and LWRC to resubmit. You will note that STK was not a candidate on their own, and the original folks who cobbled together the Mk 4 definitely didn't have the prestige of General Dynamics. --D.E. Watters (talk) 23:15, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

US Navy SEALS connection
As I understand it, the SEALs had tested this weapon at one stage, having bought 20 of them for trials back in the late 1980s. I have a quote from an un-named SEAL team commander as stated in the Jane's IDR test report of 1989, emphasising the need of having an accurate light machine gun: "Men react one of two ways when shot at. If you shoot at them, they take cover and return fire; but if they start hitting them, they withdraw.". Trouble is... where do I slot this in? --Dave1185 (talk) 01:13, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

Reading my copy of "Weapons of the Navy SEALs" it seems that the reason it wasn't adopted in 1989 is that in testing it had an unacceptable number of stoppages and 25% of those stopages wer from the magazine just falling out of the weapon. So while they are lightweight and accurate at the time they just were not reliable enough for combat.Paulwharton (talk) 00:28, 9 June 2011 (UTC)

1981, not 1989. That weapon tested then was a prototype, actual production model came out only in 1982. Most likely a wild gamble sales attempt. Edited out the part on 30-round mag drops, the drops were from the 100 rounders. The 30-rounder mag holes distend, which can cause feed problems, but they don't drop. And the holes are not on the feed lip, but lower. The holes in the 30 rounders were not an afterthought or an adaptation, there is a newspaper article dated 1982 (Ultimax in production year) that stated that the SAW can use 30 rounders, which proves that it was part of the design plan, though I'd admit it lacks style. Edited out the "finally" in the "adapted to take STANAG 30 rounders" part, with it, it sounded like an opinion piece. Without it, it sounds more professional. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.120.147.67 (talk) 12:01, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Video
This site:[Ultimax 100] has avideo with this weapon shooting.Agre22 (talk) 19:55, 3 November 2009 (UTC)agre22

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title: Talk:Ultimax 100


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kade

Kade Kade (comic book character)
Feels like advertising, and the site linked to appears to be for a game that will be coming out next March (maybe). --Carnildo 09:35, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Definitely advertising, as well as copyright violation from the site it links to. Not sure though whether that means it should be deleted. I'm abstaining for now. Maybe it'll shape up in the next few days. DreamGuy 09:51, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * You managed to make something of that site? I'm impressed! --Carnildo 09:54, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Rubbish. Jeff Knaggs 10:57, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I've reported the copyvio. There is no further need for voting. - Vague | Rant 11:04, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. There IS a need for further voting, because even if the article was rewritten so as not to be a copyvio, I don't think its appropriate for Wikipedia. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 14:13, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mikkalai 18:20, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kade


text:
Talk:List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities

[Untitled]
I removed this:

 * Ekebyholmsskolan (Swedish Junior College), Sweden

This is a combined primary and secondary school, not a "college or university", as can be seen from the school's homepage. There may well be others like this. / up+land 09:36, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

--

The south pacific colleges are listed twice (i.e., in two sections). Unless others have strong feelings about the "correct" grouping of these -- either with the southern or eastern asian countries, or separate, I will leave the group with the asian and remove the standalone group.Djneufville (talk) 02:02, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Isn't Mexico in Central America? (NorthernFalcon (talk) 00:25, 12 June 2008 (UTC))

 * I think you're right, feel free to move it or I can later...Djneufville (talk) 13:33, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

List Organization
Would it be best to organize this list by division instead of what appears to be some sort of hybrid between subcontinents, continents, and divisions? I'd like to hear your opinions, so comment (vote?) below on whether you'd prefer division, continent, or subcontinent organization. (NorthernFalcon (talk) 00:25, 12 June 2008 (UTC))

Divisions seem to evolve and are arbitrary. I favor a geographical list because anyone can understand it. However, Mexico schools and the interamerica seminary in Florida are both inNorth America. I've added clarifying notes. Legacypac (talk) 09:42, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Avondale College of Higher Education
I notice someone has reverted my edit to update the name of this institution. I repeat here my post in Talk for the article Avondale College of Higher Education: “This year (2019) Avondale College of Higher Education received higher status and recognition and has been renamed Avondale University College. The title and article needs to be adjusted to reflect that. The change was approved on 28 August 2019 by TEQSA (Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency), an agency of the Australian federal government. This is recorded in "Record" magazine, Vol. 124, No. 18, 21 September 2019, p12, "Avondale Now a University College", which at least for now can be viewed at https://issuu.com/adventistmedianetwork/docs/record_18_web?e=3527810/49714073 .” This being the case, I suggest my edit be restored. Ptilinopus (talk) 13:15, 1 October 2019 (UTC)


text:
Arcana Studio

Arcana Studio is a Canadian animation studio in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Founded as a comic book publisher by former Coquitlam, British Columbia school teacher; Sean O'Reilly in 2004, it opened an animation division in 2012.

Overview
Arcana is Canada's largest publisher of comics and graphic novels, with over 300 titles, spanning across a variety of genres, in its library. Arcana titles have been translated into different languages, including French, Italian, Greek, Spanish and Polish. It was formed in 2004 with the publication of the first issue of the comic book series Kade. The issue was written by O'Reilly and illustrated by artist Eduardo Garcia. With Diamond Comics as the distributor, Arcana's first comic went on shelves December 31, 2003.

In 2005, Arcana was presented with the Joe Shuster Award for Outstanding Publisher of The Year based on sales during their first year, as voted by the retailers and readers. On April 13, 2005, Kade: Identity become the publisher's first trade paperback book.

The Clockwork Girl #0 published with over 150,000 copies on December 5, 2007. It was written by Sean O’Reilly and Kevin Hanna, with Grant Bond as the drawing and coloring artist. A few months later, The Clockwork Girl won silver medal for The Moonbeam Award for Top Comic/Graphic Novel, as well as the Graphic Novel of the Year.

On October 1, 2009, Arcana bought The Devil's Due library of graphic novels, acquiring characters such as Banzai Girl, Kore, and Blade of Kumori.

Mighty Mighty Monsters was published on September 1, 2010. It was later turned into three 44-minute animated specials.

In 2012, Arcana opened an animation division to develop and produce its content for all platforms including film, television, direct-to-home and digital media. With the opening of its animation division, Arcana Studio released their first animated feature The Clockwork Girl in 2014, based on the graphic novel of the same name. On February 15, 2012, Arcana bought The Blue Water library of graphic novels, which included titles like 10th Muse, Legend of Isis, Leprechaun and Blackbeard Legacy.

Arcana went on to produce Kagagi: The Raven, a 13 episode TV mini-series about a First Nations superhero which aired on APTN (Aboriginal Peoples Television Network) and made its debut in 2014. The studio's continued success led to the development of its own intellectual properties like Pixies and the Howard Lovecraft trilogy. Pixies was Arcana's first independently created feature involving well-known actors such as Academy Award winner Christopher Plummer, Alexa PenaVega and Bill Paxton. Pixies was written and directed by Sean O'Reilly, who was nominated at the 2016 Leo Awards for best Direction in an Animation Program for his work on the film.

In 2016, Howard Lovecraft and the Frozen Kingdom was released, the first in the three part series. It is based on the works of H.P. Lovecraft and the graphic novel created by Bruce Brown. The film features the voices of Christopher Plummer, Jane Curtin, Ron Perlman and Doug Bradley. The film won the Official Selection and the Best in Category Sci-Fi title at the 2016 Hot Springs International Horror Film Festival.

Its sequel, Howard Lovecraft and the Undersea Kingdom, was released in 2017. Mark Hamill joined the cast as Dr. Henry Armitage. Howard Lovecraft and the Undersea Kingdom took home the Best of the Festival Sci-Fi title at the 2017 Hot Springs International Horror Film Festival, as well as an Official Selection at FEARNYC and a Best Director win.

The Legend of Hallowaiian had its "orange carpet" premiere in Los Angeles on September 22, 2018, and on DirecTV on the 18th. The film stars Vanessa Williams, Mark Hamill and Noah Schnapp.

Short films

 * The Gwaii - Based on Haida Gwaii, and the graphic novel of the same story.
 * Memo – A series of 30-second segments aimed at children.
 * Polkarella – A short about an umbrella/creature hybrid.
 * Pixies – A short film based on the comics and graphic novel of the same name.

Select titles

 * 100 Girls: The First Girl (2004–2006)
 * All Fall Down (2011)
 * American Wasteland (2007)
 * Amnesia (2011)
 * Amour - Volume 1 and 2 (2012)
 * Ant: Days Like These (2004–2005)
 * Arcana Studio Presents (2004-current, Free Comic Book Day annual)
 * Ark (2013)
 * The Art of ReBoot (2007)
 * Banzai Girl (2007)
 * Blank Slate (TBD)
 * Blood, Shells, & Roses (2011)
 * The Book (2012)
 * Burn (2008)
 * Champions of the Wild Weird West
 * Chaotic Soldiers (2010)
 * Corrective Measures (2008)
 * Creepsville (2011)
 * Dark Horrors (2006)
 * Dead Men Tell No Tales (2005–2006)
 * Deadly Harvest (2012)
 * Dragon's Lair (2006–2007)
 * El Arsenal: Unknown Enemy (2005–2006)
 * Eve: Vampire Diva (2007)
 * The Evil Tree (2012)
 * Ezra:
 * Ezra: Egyptian Exchange (2004–2005)
 * Ezra: Evoked Emotions (2006–2007)
 * Ezra vs. 10th Muse (2006)
 * The Fix (2009)
 * Frozen Wasteland (2007)
 * Gearhead (2007)
 * Grunts (2006)
 * Helen Killer (2008)
 * Howard Lovecraft and the Frozen Kingdom
 * John Henry and The Steam Age (2012)
 * Jova's Harvest (2005–2006)
 * Kade:
 * Kade: Identity (2004–2005)
 * Kade: Sun of Perdition (2006–2007)
 * Kade: Shiva's Sun (2007–2008)
 * Kade: Rising Sun (2010)
 * Kade: Red Sun (2010)
 * Kade: Prodigal Sun (2011)
 * Kade: Mourning Sun (2012)
 * Kade: Tribal Sun (2014)
 * Kade: Children of the Black Sun (2014)
 * Koni Waves (2006)
 * Koni Waves (2006)
 * Koni Waves: The Headdress of the Undead (2007)
 * Koni Waves: First Wave (2007)
 * Koni Waves/Demonslayer (2007)
 * Koni Waves: Ghouls Gone Wild! (2008)
 * Avengelyne vs. Koni Waves (2009)
 * Lethal Instinct - Volume 1 (2012)
 * Marlow (2008)
 * The Network (2008)
 * Paradox (2005–2006)
 * Penance: Trial of the Century (2008)
 * Poe & Phillips (2011)
 * Shadowflame (2007)
 * SideShows (2011)
 * Space Ace (2009)
 * Starkweather: Legacy (2004–2005)
 * Stranger Danger (2009)
 * Sundown: Arizona (2005)
 * The Truman Virus (2012)
 * Velvet Rope (2008)

All ages titles

 * The Ancient Oak (2012)
 * A Cat Named Haiku (2010)
 * A Cat Named Haiku 2: The Dust Bunny (2013)
 * Clockwork Girl (2007)
 * Gordon The Giraffe (2012)
 * The Gwai (2008)
 * Howard Lovecraft and the Frozen Kingdom (2009)
 * Howard Lovecraft and the Undersea Kingdom (2012)
 * Howard Lovecraft and the Kingdom of Madness (2014)
 * Mwumba (2008)
 * My Best Friend's a Booger (2011)
 * Pixies (2012)
 * Ralph Filmore, Paranormal Investigator (2011)
 * Scrooge and Santa (2011)
 * Summer and Monkey
 * Turning Tiger (2012)

The Arcanaverse is the world all the Arcana characters live in. Currently over 3000 individual indexed characters and creatures call the Arcanaverse home. From the Arcanaverse stem new stories and adventures, including the comic book series The Intrinsic.

The Intrinsic
The Intrinsic was debuted on Free Comic Book Day 2012, and was the first Arcanaverse title. The series features hit Arcana characters Kade, Philosopher Rex, Kore, and Candice Crow, as well as cameos by many others. The Intrinsic also made a guest appearance in the animated TV series Kagagi (2014). Volume 2 of The Intrinsic debuted at Free Comic Book Day 2014 and was written by Sean O'Reilly and Chris 'Doc' Wyatt.

Motion comics
Arcana has turned some of its comics and graphic novels into motion comics:

 * The Steam Engines of Oz
 * The Gwaii
 * Pixies
 * The Clockwork Girl
 * Abiding Perdition
 * Kagagi

Awards

 * Arcana was named Most Promising Company at the 2013 Digi Awards, Arcana's CEO, Sean O'Reilly, was also named a finalist for Executive of the Year at the 2013 Digi Awards.
 * CEO Sean O'Reilly received Playback's Ten to Watch award in 2013.
 * Arcana was named Best Visual Features 2013 by Arlene Dickinson's YouInc.

Kickstarter: The Steam Engines of Oz
In Arcana's first experience with a crowd-sourcing project, The Steam Engines of Oz was first introduced for Free Comic Book Day, 2013. The idea was to release issues FCBD, 1, 2, and 3 of the collected trade, and then if the Kickstarter campaign proved to be a success, a second volume of the comic would be released. The Steam Engines of Oz: The Geared Leviathan was successful and was produced, thanks to the supporters on Kickstarter.

title: Arcana Studio


text:
Askunu language

Âṣkuňu (Saňu-vīri) is a language of Afghanistan spoken by the Ashkun people – also known as the Âṣkun, Ashkun, Askina, Saňu, Sainu, Yeshkun, Wamas, or Grâmsaňâ – from the region of the central Pech Valley around Wâmâ and in some eastern tributary valleys of the upper Alingar River in Afghanistan's Nuristan Province. Other major places where the language of Ashkun is spoken are Nuristan Province, Pech Valley in Wama District, eastern side of the Lower Alingar Valley in Nurgaram and Duab districts, Malil wa Mushfa, Titin, Kolatan and Bajagal valleys.

It is classified as a member of the Nuristani sub-family of the Indo-Iranian languages.

Name
The name Ashkun comes from Âṣkuňu in the local language. The alternative name Saňu in Ashkun, denoting a group of people living in Wâmâ, has cognates in other Nuristani languages, such as Kamviri Ćâňu, Kata-vari Ćâvřu , and Prasuni Zünyu.

Demographics
Current status: There are currently about 40,000 ethnic people who speak this language. None of the mentioned people are monolinguals. Illiteracy rate among this group of people is around 5%-15%.

Location: Upper-middle Pech Valley and over the watershed into the Bâźâigal, Mâsēgal, and Titin valleys of upper Laghmân.

Dialects/Varieties: Âṣkuňu-veri (Kolâtẫ, Titin, Bâźâigal), Gřâmsaňâ-vīri, Saňu-vīri (Wâmâî). Not intelligible with the other Nuristani languages.

Dialects
Âṣkuňu can be split into several dialects spoken in southwestern Nuristan, including Âṣkuňu-veri (Kolâtẫ), Gřâmsaňâ-vīri, Saňu-vīri (Wâmâî), Titin, and Bâźâigal. The main body of the Âṣkuňu tribe inhabits the Aṣkũgal (Kolâtẫ, Mâsēgal) Valley, which drains southwestward into the Alingar River. These people speak a dialect which differs from that of their neighbors in the Titin Valley to the south (cf. Morgenstierne 1929). The inhabitants of the Bâźâigal Valley further up the Alingar are reported to speak a third dialect. Across a mountain ridge to the east of the Âṣkuňu two tribal groups, each with its own dialect, center on the villages of Wâmâ and Gřâmsaňâgřām (Ačaṇu) off the Pech River. For this article, most cited forms will be based on the Wâmâ dialect (Saňu-vīri).

Consonants

 * /ɽ/ can be heard as nasalized [ɽ̃] or as a nasal tap [ɳ̆], when within nasalized vowel positions, contrasting with a retroflex nasal [ɳ].
 * /t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ/ can have fronted allophones of [t͡s, d͡z] in free variation.
 * The tap [ɾ] is in complementary distribution with /ɽ/.
 * Sounds [f, x, ɣ, q, ħ, ʕ, ʔ, h] also may occur, but they are not fully integrated in the sound system.

Vowels

 * Vowels may also be nasalized as /ĩ, ẽ, ə̃, ã, õ, ũ/
 * /ə, ə̃/ can have allophones of [ɨ, ɨ̃].

Orthography
The Ashkun language is strictly passed on orally and has no written resources that can be traced.

Numbers

 * 1) âc̣
 * 2) du
 * 3) tra
 * 4) ćâtâ̄
 * 5) põć
 * 6) ṣo
 * 7) sōt
 * 8) ōṣṭ
 * 9) no
 * 10) dos

Words
Hello is “Salam” How are you is “Kaigases”

Literature

 * Cardona, G. (2014). Indo-Iranian languages. Encyclopædia Britannica.
 * Grierson, G. A. (1927). Report on a Linguistic Mission to Afghanistan. By Georg Morgenstierne. Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co.(W. Nygaard). 10× 6, 98 pp. and 3 maps. Price 2s. 9d. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (New Series), 59(02), 368–375.
 * Grierson, G. A. (1927). [Review of Report on a Linguistic Mission to Afghanistan]. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, (2), 368–375.
 * Klimburg, M. (1999). The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush: art and society of the Waigal and Ashkun Kafirs (Vol. 1). Franz Steiner Verlag.
 * Morgenstierne, G. (1929). The language of the Ashkun Kafirs. Aschehoug.
 * Strand, Richard F. (1973). Notes on the Nūristāni and Dardic Languages. Journal of the American Oriental Society.
 * Turner, R. L. (1932). The Language of the Ashkun Kafirs. By G. Morgenstierne. Extract from Norsk Tidsshrift for Sprogvidenskap, Bind ii, 1929. pp. 192–289. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland (New Series), 64(01), 173–175.
 * Voegelin, C. F., & Voegelin, F. M.. (1965). Languages of the World: Indo-European Fascicle One. Anthropological Linguistics, 7(8), 1–294.
 * Where on earth do they speak Ashkun? (2015, November 15). Retrieved February 11, 2016, from http://www.verbix.com/maps/language/Ashkun.html

title: Askunu language


text:
Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery

Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), also known as stomach stapling, is a form of bariatric surgery for weight control. The VBG procedure involves using a band and staples to create a small stomach pouch. In the bottom of the pouch is an approximate one-centimeter hole through which the pouch contents can flow into the remainder of the stomach and hence on to the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract.

Stomach stapling is a restrictive technique for managing obesity. The pouch limits the amount of food a patient can eat at one time and slows passage of the food. Stomach stapling is more effective when combined with a malabsorptive technique, in which part of the digestive tract is bypassed, reducing the absorption of calories and nutrients. Combined restrictive and malabsorptive techniques are called gastric bypass techniques, of which Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RGB) is the most common. In this technique, staples are used to form a pouch that is connected to the small intestine, bypassing the lower stomach, the duodenum, and the first portion of the jejunum.

This type of weight loss surgery is losing favor as more doctors begin using the adjustable gastric band. The newer adjustable band does not require cutting into the stomach and does not use any staple lines, thus making it a much safer alternative.

Advantages

 * No dumping syndrome.
 * No nutritional deficiencies/malabsorption.

Disadvantages

 * Needs strict patient compliance to diet.
 * High-fiber foods and foods with a more dense, natural consistency can become very difficult to eat, while highly refined foods cause little discomfort. Many people who regain any weight lost after surgery do so because they begin to avoid the discomfort associated with consuming "healthier" foods, and start eating more easily passed "junk" foods.
 * VBG is in no way a magic bullet or pill. It must be emphasized that lifestyle changes, e.g., diet and exercise, are absolutely imperative for weight loss to occur and be maintained. Realistic expectations are imperative.
 * Reversal of a VBG requires a much more complex and intensive surgical process than getting the VBG. When removal of a polyurethane band is involved (polyurethane was predominantly used in the 1980s and 90s), it likely has built substantial scar tissue that must also be removed, depending on how long since the VBG took place. Removal of the staples involves stitching back together the previously separated parts of the stomach. For these reasons, a reversal should be considered only if there are serious medical complications.
 * Vomiting and severe discomfort if food is not properly chewed or if food is eaten too quickly.
 * Not adjustable (as with the adjustable gastric band, aka "lap band")).

Alternatives

 * Duodenal switch surgery
 * Vertical sleeve gastrectomy
 * Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
 * Selective vagotomy (snipping the vagus nerve, effectively stopping hunger sensations).
 * Mini gastric bypass

Long term
Although restrictive operations lead to weight loss in almost all patients, they are less successful than malabsorptive operations in achieving substantial, long-term weight loss. About 30% of those who undergo VBG achieve normal weight, and about 80% achieve some degree of weight loss. Most studies have suggested that 10 years after surgery, only 10% of patients maintain a minimum weight loss of at least 50% of their total excess weight at the time of their initial surgery. Some patients regain weight. Others are unable to adjust their eating habits and fail to lose the desired weight. Successful results depend on the patient's willingness to adopt a long-term plan of healthy eating and regular physical activity. According to an episode of Oprah Winfrey that aired on October 24, 2006, 30% of people who undergo weight-loss surgery such as VBG or gastric bypass develop addiction transference, which is transferring the previous addiction to food with a new addiction to alcoholism. The show stressed the importance of examining the root causes of addiction in order to avoid the phenomenon.

Complications

 * Staple-line disruption
 * Stomal fibrosis
 * Gastroesophageal reflux disease
 * Incisional ventral hernia

History
Vertical banded gastroplasty was developed in 1980 by Dr. Edward E. Mason at the University of Iowa. Dr. Mason also developed the original gastric bypass for weight reduction in 1966 and is known for his pioneering work as the "father of obesity surgery".

title: Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery


text:
Awadhi language

Awadhi, also known as Audhi, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh in northern India and in Terai region of western Nepal. The name Awadh is connected to Ayodhya, the ancient city, which is regarded as the homeland of the Hindu god Rama. It was, along with Braj, used widely as a literary vehicle before gradually merging and contributing to the development of standardized Hindi in the 19th century. Though distinct from standard Hindi, it continues to be spoken today in its unique form in many districts of central Uttar Pradesh.

It is regarded by the Indian government to be a dialect of Hindi, and the area where Awadhi is spoken to be a part of the Hindi-language area owing to their cultural proximity, meanwhile Standard Hindi also serves as the lingua franca of the region. As a result, Hindi, rather than Awadhi, is used for school instruction as well as administrative and official purposes; and its literature falls within the scope of Hindi literature. Some of the most culturally significant works in Indian literature like the Ramcharitmanas have been written in Awadhi.

Alternative names of Awadhi include Baiswāri (after the subregion of Baiswara), as well as the sometimes ambiguous Pūrbī, literally meaning "eastern", and Kōsalī (named after the ancient Kosala Kingdom).

In India
Awadhi is predominantly spoken in the Awadh region encompassing central Uttar Pradesh, along with the lower part of the Ganga-Yamuna doab. In the west, it is bounded by Western Hindi, specifically Kannauji and Bundeli, while in the east, Bhojpuri from the Bihari group of Eastern Indo-Aryan languages is spoken. In the north, it is bounded by the country of Nepal and in the south by Bagheli, which shares a great resemblance with Awadhi.

The following districts of North and Central UP speak Awadhi- In eastern parts of UP the Awadhi language changes its form to a special dialect called "Eastern Standard Awadhi." This region makes boundary with Bhojpuri speaking districts of Purvanchal. This part include districts of-
 * Kanpur (along with Kannauji)
 * Lakhimpur Kheri
 * Sitapur
 * Hardoi (along with Kannauji)
 * Unnao
 * Fatehpur
 * Barabanki
 * Lucknow
 * Rae Bareli
 * Amethi
 * Bahraich
 * Ayodhya
 * Ambedkar Nagar
 * Prayagraj
 * Jaunpur (western parts)
 * Mirzapur
 * Bhadohi
 * Sultanpur(western part)
 * Pratapgarh
 * Gonda
 * Basti
 * Siddharthnagar (western parts)
 * Kaushambi

In Nepal
The Language Commission of Nepal has recommended Tharu and Awadhi as official language in Lumbini province. Awadhi is spoken in two provinces in Nepal:
 * Lumbini Province
 * Banke District
 * Bardiya District
 * Dang District
 * Kapilvastu District
 * Sudurpashchim Province
 * Kailali District
 * Kanchanpur District

Outside South Asia
A language influenced by Awadhi (as well as other languages) is also spoken as a lingua franca for Indians in Fiji and is referred to as Fijian Hindi. According to Ethnologue, it is a type of Awadhi influenced by Bhojpuri and is also classified as Eastern-Hindi. Caribbean Hindustani spoken by Indians in Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana is based on Bhojpuri and partly on Awadhi. The Hindustani that is spoken in South Africa and the Bhojpuri spoken in Mauritius is also partly influenced by Awadhi.

Classification

Awadhi is an Indo-European language and belongs to the Indo-Aryan sub-group of the Indo-Iranian language family. Within the Indo-Aryan dialect continuum, it falls under the East-Central zone of languages and is often recognised as Eastern-Hindi. It is generally believed that an older form of Ardhamagadhi, which agreed partly with Sauraseni and partly with Magadhi Prakrit, could be the basis of Awadhi.

The closest relative of Awadhi is the Bagheli language as genealogically both descend from the same 'Half-Magadhi'. Most early Indian linguists regarded Bagheli merely as 'the southern form of Awadhi', but recent studies accept Bagheli as a separate dialect at par with Awadhi and not merely a sub-dialect of it.

Late-medieval and early-modern India
In this period, Awadhi became the vehicle for epic poetry in northern India. Its literature is mainly divided into: bhaktīkāvya (devotional poetry) and premākhyān (romantic tales).

Bhaktīkāvyas
The most important work, probably in any modern Indo-Aryan language, came from the poet-saint Tulsidas in the form of Ramcharitmanas (1575 C.E.) or "The Lake of the Deeds of Rama", written in doha-chaupai metre. Its plot is mostly derivative, either from the original Rāmāyaṇa by Valmiki or from the Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa, both of which are in Sanskrit. Mahatma Gandhi had acclaimed the Ramcharitmanas as "the greatest book of all devotional literature" while western observers have christened it as "the Bible of Northern India". It is sometimes synonymously referred as 'Tulsidas Ramayana' or simply 'the Ramayana'.

Tulsidas's compositions Hanuman Chalisa,  Pārvatī Maṅgala and Jānakī Maṅgala are also written in Awadhi.

The first Hindi vernacular adaptation of the 'Dasam Skandha' of the Bhagavata Purana, the "Haricharit" by Lalachdas, who hailed from Hastigram (present-day Hathgaon near Rae Bareilly), was concluded in 1530 C.E. It circulated widely for a long time and scores of manuscript copies of the text have been found as far as eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Malwa and Gujarat, all written in the Kaithi script.

Satyavatī (ca. 1501) of Ishvaradas (of Delhi) under the reign of Sikander Lodi and Avadhabilāsa (1700 C.E.) of Laladas were also written in Awadhi.

Awadhi appeared as a major component in the works of Bhakti saints like Kabir, who used a language often described as being a pancmel khicṛī or "a hotch-potch" of several vernaculars. The language of Kabir's major work Bijak is primarily Awadhi.

Premākhyāns
Awadhi also emerged as the favourite literary language of the Eastern Sufis from the last quarter of the 14th century onwards. It became the language of premākhyāns, romantic tales built on the pattern of Persian masnavi, steeped in Sufi mysticism but set in a purely Indian background, with a large number of motifs directly borrowed from Indian lore. The first of such premākhyān in the Awadhi language was Candāyan (1379 C.E.) of Maulana Da'ud. The tradition was carried forward by Jayasi, whose masterpiece, the Padmāvat (1540 C.E.) was composed under the reign of the famous ruler Sher Shah Suri. The Padmavat travelled far and wide, from Arakan to the Deccan, and was eagerly copied and retold in Persian and other languages.

Other prominent works of Jayasi—Kānhāvat, Akhrāvaṭ and Ākhrī Kalām are also written in Awadhi.

The Awadhi romance Mirigāvatī (ca.1503) or "The Magic Doe", was written by Shaikh 'Qutban' Suhravardi, who was an expert and storyteller attached to the court-in-exile of Sultan Hussain Shah Sharqi of Jaunpur. Another romance named Madhumālatī or "Night Flowering Jasmine" by poet Sayyid Manjhan Rajgiri was written in 1545 C.E.

Amir Khusrau (d. 1379 C.E) is also said to have written some compositions in Awadhi.

Modern India
The most significant contributions to the Awadhi literature in the modern period have come from writers like Ramai Kaka (1915–1982 C.E.), Balbhadra Prasad Dikshit better known as ‘Padhees’(1898–1943 C.E.) and Vanshidhar Shukla (1904–1980 C.E.).

‘Krishnayan’ (1942 C.E.) is a major Awadhi epic-poem that Dwarka Prasad Mishra wrote in imprisonment during the Freedom Movement of India. In 2022 Dr. Vidya Vindu Singh has been awarded Padma Shri for her contribution in Awadhi literature.

Vowels
Awadhi possesses both voiced and voiceless vowels. The voiced vowels are: /ə/, /ʌ/, /aː/, /ɪ/, /iː/, /ʊ/, /uː/, /e/, /eː/, /o/, /oː/. The voiceless vowels, also described as "whispered vowels" are: /i̥/, /ʊ̥/, /e̥/.

Comparative grammar
Awadhi has many features that separate it from the neighbouring Western Hindi and Bihari vernaculars. In Awadhi, nouns are generally both short and long, whereas Western Hindi has generally short while Bihari generally employs longer and long forms. The gender is rigorously maintained in Western Hindi, Awadhi is a little loose yet largely preserved, while Bihari is highly attenuated. Regarding postpositions, Awadhi is distinguished from Western Hindi by the absence of agentive postposition in the former, agreeing with Bihari dialects. The accusative-dative postposition in Awadhi is /kaː/ or /kə/ while Western Hindi has /koː/ or /kɔː/ and Bihari has /keː/. The locative postposition in both Bihari and Western Hindi is /mẽː/ while Awadhi has /maː/. The pronouns in Awadhi have /toːɾ-/, /moːɾ-/ as personal genitives while /teːɾ-/, /meːɾ-/ are used in Western Hindi. The oblique of /ɦəmaːɾ/ is /ɦəmɾeː/ in Awadhi while it is /ɦəmaːɾeː/ in Western Hindi and /ɦəmrən'kæ/ in Bihari.

Another defining characteristic of Awadhi is the affix /-ɪs/ as in /dɪɦɪs/, /maːɾɪs/ etc. The neighbouring Bhojpuri has the distinctive (i) /laː/ enclitic in present tense (ii) /-l/ in past tense (iii) dative postposition /-laː/ which separates it from the Awadhi language.

Pronouns

 * Notes:

 * indicates a form inflectable for gender and number :
 * mor → mōrā (masculine), mōrī (feminine), mōrē (plural)
 * hamār → hamrā (masc.), hamrī (fem.), hamrē (pl.)
 * tōr→ torā (masc.), torī (fem.), torē (pl.)
 * tumar→ tumrā (masc.), tumrī (fem.), tumrē (pl.)
 * tohār→ tohrā (masc.), tohrī (fem.), tohrē (pl.)

Word formation
Following are the morphological processes of stem formation in the Awadhi language:

Affixation

An affix is used to alter the meaning or form of a word. It can be either a prefix or a suffix.
 * Example: Prefix bē– preceding the root saram means "shameless" while apna followed by –pan means "belonging-ness".

Compounding

Two or more stems are combined to form one stem.
 * Example: nīlkanṭh means "blue bird" and banmānus means "forest man" or "chimpanzee".

Reduplication

This process involves the repetition of certain forms. It may be complete, partial, or interrupted.

 * 1) Complete reduplication: It denotes continuity of action.
 * 2) * Example: jāt-jāt for "going on".
 * 3) Partial reduplication: It denotes similarity of one object to other.
 * 4) * Example: hãpaṭ-dãpaṭ for "panting".
 * 5) Interrupted reduplication: It stresses on the instant condition of the action that follows and expresses abundance of something.
 * 6) * Example: khētaī khēt "between the fields"; garmaī garam "the very hot".

Entertainment
The 1961 film Gunga Jumna features Awadhi being spoken by the characters in a neutralised form. Gabbar Singh's speech in the 1975 film Sholay was a mix of Khariboli and Awadhi, inspired by Dilip Kumar's dacoit character Gunga from Gunga Jumna. In the 2001 film Lagaan, a neutralized form of Awadhi language was used to make it understandable to audiences. The 2009 film Dev.D features an Awadhi song, "Paayaliya", composed by Amit Trivedi. In the television series Yudh, Amitabh Bachchan spoke parts of his dialogue in Awadhi, which received critical acclaim from the Hindustan Times. Awadhi is also spoken by the residents of Ayodhya and other minor characters in Ramanand Sagar's 1987 television series Ramayan. It is believed that the tune and lyrics of the song "Rang Barse Bhige Chunar Wali", from the movie Silsila starring Amitabh Bachchan and Rekha, are taken from a Rajasthani and Haryanvi folk bhajan about Meera. However the lyrics are slightly altered into the Awadhi dialect of Hindi to mould the song into appropriate context of the movie script. The Awadhi folk song "Mere Angne Mein Tumhara Kya Kaam Hai" has become popular in Bollywood with a neutralized version of it being in the 1981 film Laawaris starring Amitabh Bachchan, as well as being in the 1970 film Bombay Talkie and the 1975 film Maze Le Lo, it was also released as a single by Neha Kakkar in 2020. Another Awadhi folk song that became popular through Bollywood was "Holi Khele Raghuveera", which was neutralized and sung by Amitabh Bachchan and put into the 2003 film Baghban starring Amitabh Bachchan and Hema Malini. The hit 1994 Bollywood hit film Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! is based on an Awadhi film from 1982 Nadiya Ke Paar, which itself is partly based on the novel Kohbar Ki Shart by Keshav Prasad Mishra.

Folk
The genres of folklore sung in Awadh include Sohar, Sariya, Byaah, Suhag, Gaari, Nakta, Banraa (Banna-Banni), Alha, Sawan, Jhula, Hori, Barahmasa, and Kajri.

Sample phrases
The Awadhi language comes with its dialectal variations. For instance, in western regions, the auxiliary /hʌiː/ is used, while in central and eastern parts /ʌhʌiː/ is used.

The following examples were taken from Baburam Saxena's Evolution of Awadhi, and alternative versions are also provided to show dialectal variations.

title: Awadhi language


text:
Teresa Salgueiro

Maria Teresa de Almeida Salgueiro OIH is a Portuguese singer. She is best known as the lead singer of Madredeus from 1987 until 2007. She also appeared in Wim Wenders' film Lisbon Story.

Career
Salgueiro joined Madredeus after other members noticed her singing at a bar in Lisbon. She left Madredeus in November 2007 to focus on solo work.

In 2007, Salgueiro performed a concert of Neapolitan music at the Teatro di San Carlo with the Solis String Quartet. In the same year, she released Você e Eu with Septeto de João Cristal; in this album, Salgueiro covers songs from well-known Brazilian artists such as Chico Buarque and Vinicius de Moraes.

In 2021, Salgueiro featured in two songs of Patrick Watson's singles album.

With Madredeus

 * Os Dias da MadreDeus (1987)
 * Existir (1990)
 * O Espírito da Paz (1994)
 * Ainda: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack From The Film «Lisbon Story» (1995)
 * O Paraíso (1997)
 * Movimento (2001)
 * Um Amor Infinito (2004)
 * Faluas do Tejo (2005)

Solo

 * Obrigado (2005)
 * Você e Eu (2007; with Septeto de João Cristal)
 * La Serena (2007; with Lusitânia Ensemble)
 * Silence, Night & Dreams (2007, with Zbigniew Preisner)
 * Matriz (2009; with Lusitânia Ensemble)
 * O Mistério (2012)
 * La Golondrina y el Horizonte (2015)
 * O Horizonte (2016)

title: Teresa Salgueiro


text:
Idlewild (novel)

Idlewild is a science fiction novel by American writer Nick Sagan, published in 2003. It is the first of a trilogy, with sequels Edenborn and Everfree. The story is split between two settings: the middle of the 21st century (told through interludes and distinguished from the main story by italics) and a generation later. It is a picture of the last ten people on earth, a near-complete pantheon of gods and goddesses.

Plot
The backstory is revealed in interludes throughout the book. In the middle of the 21st century, a retrovirus called Black Ep renders all of humanity infertile, and causes people to die. In the lab of a major German-American genetic research facility, a group of scientists are working on a project to save humanity by raising ten genetically altered children in immersive virtual reality. To test the efficiency of the software, one of the scientists, Halfway Jim, uses a program designed to be as close to a real child as possible, to run through the virtual lives the children will lead. Out of sentimentality, Jim's dying act is to integrate this program, which he names Malachi, into the virtual reality environment.

The main story follows one of the virtual "students," a young man named Halloween, who wakes up with total amnesia and must piece together what he can of the world around him. Halloween meets nine other students: Jasmine, Mercutio, Pandora, Simone, Isaac, Lazarus, Vashti, Tyler, Champagne, and Fantasia. Fan, Mercutio, Hal, and Tyler are known as the "clods," who misbehave, while Simone, Isaac, Lazarus, Vashti, Champagne, and Pan are the "pets," who study and follow all of the rules. The digital teacher of the school is named Maestro, but the clods call him Mae$tro (pronounced 'Maeshtro') and do not respect him. Each student is given a digital world that they may edit to their liking and a "Nanny," a digital being that can help a student with anything they need help with.

Mercutio asks Halloween if he'd like some food, and they decide to dine at the Taj Mahal. Mercutio begins to order a steak, but halfway through his order, the entire world freezes up. Mercutio has triggered a jammer so that he and Hal can escape the virtual world, and they both wake up in their beds in the school. They decide to visit their favorite diner, Twain's, and enjoy a nice meal before Merc decides to head back to IVR. Halloween calls his parents and reports that he is dropping out. After a long discussion with both his parents and Ellison, the school's headmaster, Halloween is sent back to the virtual world.

Halloween "graduates" all of the remaining students, waking them up from the virtual world. They decide to fulfill Gedaechtnis' plans for them to rebuild the world, but Halloween rejects the plan. The book ends with Halloween standing in the woods of Michigan, angry at the world for robbing him of his illusions, the girl he loved and his two best friends.

Reception
Kirkus Reviews wrote that while the book "might seem a rather lumbering affair when laid out", it "nips along quite nicely, deftly sidestepping the overly drawn-out or too-fraught-with-meaning scenarios one might expect from this apocalyptic masquerade." Publishers Weekly wrote that "Despite a compelling twist near the middle, the low tension and meandering plot will likely frustrate the primary target audience, mainstream fans of such futuristic action films as The Matrix and Minority Report." Ann Kim of Library Journal wrote that despite "occasionally reading more like a drawn-out short story rather than a novel", the book is a "fine debut by a writer with potential to grow".

Sally Estes of Booklist wrote that Sagan "captures perfectly the voice and actions of a rebellious, extremely intelligent teenager." Gerald Jonas of The New York Times wrote that the book is "long on visuals, short on narrative logic and, surprisingly, weak on science."

Sequels
A sequel, Edenborn, was published in 2004. A second sequel, Everfree, was published in May 2006.

Bibliographical information

 * ISBN 0-399-15097-8: U.S. Hardback (Putnam Publishing Group)
 * ISBN 0-451-21206-1: U.S. Paperback (New American Library)
 * ISBN 0-593-05190-4: UK Hardback (Bantam Press)
 * ISBN 0-553-81597-0: UK Paperback (Bantam Press)

title: Idlewild (novel)


text:
User talk:Peruano7

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Postdlf 10:28, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. Postdlf 10:37, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Last warning. I don't exactly trust that you're uploading these random TV images for a valid purpose. Keep on wasting everyone's time here and I will block you permanently. Postdlf 10:42, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Peruano7