text:
Jon Huntsman Sr.

Jon Meade Huntsman Sr. (June 21, 1937 – February 2, 2018) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder and executive chairman of Huntsman Corporation, a global manufacturer and marketer of specialty chemicals. Huntsman plastics are used in a wide variety of familiar objects, including (formerly) clamshell containers for McDonald's hamburgers. Huntsman Corporation also manufactures a wide variety of organic and inorganic chemicals that include polyurethanes, textiles, and pigments. Huntsman's philanthropic giving exceeded $1.5 billion, focusing on areas of cancer research, programs at various universities, and aid to Armenia.

Early life and education
Jon Meade Huntsman was born in Blackfoot, Idaho, into a poor family. His mother, Sarah Kathleen (née Robison; 1910–1969), was a homemaker, and his father, Alonzo Blaine Huntsman Sr. (1910–1990), was a teacher. In 1950, the family moved to Palo Alto, California, where Alonzo pursued graduate studies at Stanford University, earning an M.A. and Ed.D. He then became a superintendent of schools in the Los Altos district.

Jon Huntsman attended Palo Alto High School, where he became student body president. He was recruited by Harold Zellerbach, chairman of Crown-Zellerbach Paper Company, to attend the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania on a Zellerbach scholarship. He graduated from Wharton in the spring of 1959, a brother of the Sigma Chi fraternity.

Huntsman married Karen Haight, daughter of David B. Haight, in June 1959, just weeks after he graduated. Both were members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). In July 1959, Huntsman left to serve for two years in the U.S. Navy as an officer aboard the USS Calvert. He subsequently earned an MBA from the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business in 1966.

Dolco Packaging Corporation
In 1961, Huntsman was employed by Olson Brothers, Inc., an egg-producing company in Los Angeles. There he rose through the ranks to the position of vice president of Operations. Recognizing that the company sustained substantial losses due to poor packaging, Huntsman became interested in developing a better alternative. His leadership was key in developing the first plastic egg carton. In 1965 he established contact with the polystyrene operations of the Dow Chemical Company. In 1967 he became president of a joint venture between Olson Brothers, Inc., and Dow Chemical, the Dolco Packaging Corporation.

Huntsman Container Corporation
Seeing an opportunity to create packaging for the emerging fast-food industry, Huntsman left Dolco in 1970 to form the Huntsman Container Corporation with his brother, Alonzo Blaine Jr. (1936–2012), and others in Fullerton, California. Plants were constructed in Fullerton, California, in 1971 and in Troy, Ohio, in 1972. Since cash flow was an issue for the new company, Huntsman mortgaged his house and borrowed heavily from banks. In 1973 the company nearly collapsed when an Arab oil embargo cut off supplies of polystyrene, used to make expandable/expanded polystyrene (or EPS).

In 1974, Huntsman Container Corporation created the "clamshell" container for McDonald's Big Mac. The company also developed other popular products, including the first plastic plates, bowls and fast-food containers. In 1976, after completion of its first international plant at Skelmersdale, England, a stock deal was arranged to sell Huntsman Container Corporation to Keyes Fiber Company. Huntsman continued to serve as CEO of the container business for four more years and held a directorship of Keyes Fiber Company.

Huntsman Chemical Company – Huntsman Corporation
In 1982, after serving as a mission president for the LDS Church in Washington, DC for three years, Huntsman continued his plastics and petrochemical pursuits with the formation of a new company, Huntsman Chemical Company, in Salt Lake City, Utah. In his capacity as CEO and Chairman, he grew the business into a multibillion-dollar company, in part by acquiring a number of businesses in the polystyrene, styrene, and polypropylene industry when they were not seen as profitable. Between 1986 and 2000 Huntsman acquired 36 companies, 35 of which turned out to be hugely profitable.

In 1994, the Huntsman Chemical Company was renamed the Huntsman Corporation. In 1996, Peter R. Huntsman became President and COO of Huntsman Corporation. In 2000 he replaced his father as the company's CEO. Jon M. Huntsman continued to be involved in the company as Chairman.

During the 2000s, Huntsman continued its pattern of expansion, both in America and around the world, and reorganization. Huntsman Corporation became publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange in 2005. As of 2014, Huntsman reported that it operated 80 manufacturing and R&D facilities in 30 countries and employed approximately 12,000 associates.

Huntsman Gay Global Capital
In 2007 Huntsman co-founded an additional new private equity firm, Huntsman Gay Global Capital (now known as HGGC), with two former Bain Capital executives Robert C. Gay (1989–2004, managing director) and Greg Benson (executive vice president in London), former Sorenson Capital co-founder and managing director Rich Lawson, and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young to focus on investments in middle market companies.

Scientific awards and honors
Huntsman has been awarded thirteen honorary doctorate degrees at various universities. In 2004 he received the Othmer Gold Medal, awarded by the Chemical Heritage Foundation in recognition of contributions in research, innovation, legislation or philanthropy. In 2013 he received the Leadership Award for Lifetime Achievement from the Chemical Marketing and Economics (CM&E) group. In 2015, he received the Bower Award from the Franklin Institute.

Personal life and death
Huntsman and his wife, Karen, were married for over 58 years and had nine children: Jon Jr., Peter, Christena, Kathleen (d. 2010), David, Paul, James, Jennifer, and Mark. At the time of Huntsman's death, they had 56 grandchildren, two of whom were adopted from China and India, and 19 great-grandchildren.

Huntsman's eldest son, Jon Jr., also served as a Huntsman Corporation executive. He was elected Governor of Utah in 2004 and was a candidate in the Republican Party presidential primaries in 2012. He has also served in other governmental positions, including as Ambassador of the United States to Singapore, China, and (as of 2017) Russia.

Huntsman's second eldest son, Peter, took over as CEO of the Huntsman Corporation in July 2000 and as chairman in January 2018.

On December 8, 1987, Huntsman's son, James, then age 16, was kidnapped and held for $1 million ransom by Nicholas Hans Byrd, a former classmate. FBI agents traced the kidnapper and rescued James unharmed, but agent Al Jacobsen was stabbed in the chest during the arrest.

Huntsman has published a book about his life experience, communicating moral lessons. Titled Winners Never Cheat: Everyday Values We Learned as Children (But May Have Forgotten), it was published by Wharton School Publishing in 2005. A second edition, titled Winners Never Cheat: Even in Difficult Times, made the Wall Street Journal's best-sellers list.

Huntsman was a four-time cancer survivor. He died on February 2, 2018, at his home in Salt Lake City.

Religion
As a member of the LDS Church, Huntsman served as an area seventy from 1996 to 2011. He also served as a regional representative, stake president, and as president of the church's Washington, D.C. Mission from 1980 to 1983.

Politics
In 1977 he was chairman of the Western States Republican Leaders. He was also the Republican Party of Utah national committeeman from 1976 to 1980. He was a friend of conservative radio talk show host Glenn Beck and has been interviewed on his show. He was more socially conservative than his son, Jon Huntsman Jr. He was close friends with both Glenn Beck on the right and Harry Reid on the left, who both helped further the mission of Huntsman Cancer Institute.

Nixon administration
While the Huntsman Container Corporation's first packaging plant was being built in 1970, Huntsman joined the Nixon Administration as Associate Administrator of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and later served as Special Assistant and Staff Secretary to President Nixon. Upon completion of the second Huntsman Container site in Troy, Ohio, in 1972, Huntsman left the White House staff to become President and CEO of Huntsman Container, while still serving – in a non-paid position – as a consultant to the Office of the President.

Presidential elections
He served as chairman for Utah in Ronald Reagan's presidential campaign in 1984 and George H. W. Bush's campaigns in 1988 and 1992.

1988 Utah gubernatorial election
In March 1988, Huntsman announced he would run against incumbent Utah Governor Norm Bangerter in the Republican primary. Huntsman was leading in public opinion polls, sometimes by a double-digit margin. He reportedly raised almost $300,000 in campaign advertising, returning all funds raised back to the donors. A few weeks later, Huntsman went on a 10-day business trip to Asia with his friend, U.S. Senator Jake Garn, who was chairman of Governor Bangerter's campaign. In mid-April Huntsman dropped out of the gubernatorial race and endorsed the governor, saying that party unity and his business responsibilities were more important than his political career, and asking political independents to support Bangerter. Later that year, Governor Bangerter appointed Huntsman to be the first Ambassador for Economic Development for the State of Utah.

Son's 2012 Republican presidential campaign
Huntsman's son, Jon Huntsman Jr., served in the administrations of five U.S. Presidents, including Barack Obama (as U.S. Ambassador to China) and most recently Donald Trump (as Ambassador to Russia), and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination.

There was considerable speculation that the viability of Jon Huntsman Jr.'s campaign might depend on Jon Huntsman Sr.'s willingness to fund advertising for it, via the Superpac "Our Destiny PAC". Jon Huntsman Jr. reportedly downplayed the possibility of receiving campaign funding from his family before the New Hampshire primary election, telling NPR that "the Huntsman family gives to humanitarian causes and doesn't consider a political campaign to be a humanitarian cause". However, reports filed with the Federal Election Commission later showed that Our Destiny PAC received $2.7 million in contributions, $1.9 million of it from Huntsman Sr. Much of that money was spent on campaign ads, including $914,000 on campaign ads in New Hampshire in the two months before the January primary.

Huntsman Sr. appeared on stage with Jon Huntsman Jr. and his wife and daughters at the third-place finish celebration in Manchester, New Hampshire. Huntsman Jr. announced his intention in Manchester to continue the campaign in South Carolina but dropped out on January 16, in advance of the vote there, throwing his support to Mitt Romney.

Philanthropy
Huntsman was widely recognized for his humanitarian giving which, including contributions to the homeless, the ill and the under-privileged, exceeds $1.5 billion and has assisted thousands, both domestically and internationally. The Chronicle of Philanthropy placed Jon and Karen Huntsman second on their 2007 list of largest American donors. On January 1, 2000, The Salt Lake Tribune included him among "The 10 Utahns Who Most Influenced Our State in the 20th Century" for his donations to education and medical research. In 2001 Jon and Karen Huntsman were presented with the Entrepreneur of the Year Award for Principle-Centered Leadership. In 2003 he received the Humanitarian of the Year Award, presented by Larry King of CNN. In November 2008, the American Cancer Society presented him its Medal of Honor for Cancer Philanthropy, and in 2014 he was awarded the William E. Simon Prize for Philanthropic Leadership. In 2015, he was awarded the Philanthropy Roundtable's Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy Award.

Cancer research
One of Huntsman's most notable causes is the Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah, of which he was the founder and principal benefactor. He and his wife Karen established the Huntsman Cancer Institute in 1993 with a gift of $10 million from the Huntsman family. The Huntsmans gave the institute a further $100 million in 1995, an amount roughly equal to a year's total distribution to researchers from the American Cancer Society. Their goal was to accelerate the work of curing cancer through human genetics. The institute is now one of America's major cancer research centers dedicated to finding a cure for cancer with a state-of-the-art cancer specialty hospital.

The Institute continues to receive substantial gifts from the Huntsman family. Huntsman, a cancer survivor, has stated "Except for my family and faith, there is no cause more important to me than fighting cancer ... I have committed the rest of my life to doing all I can to support clinical and research efforts to eliminate this disease." To date, the Huntsman family and close associates have donated more than $656 million in support of the mission of HCI.

In November 2013, Huntsman donated or raised $120 million to Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah for the construction of a new research building dedicated to children's cancer. The Primary Children's and Families' Cancer Research Center at Huntsman Cancer Institute was dedicated June 21, 2017, Huntsman's 80th birthday.

Huntsman also promoted support of the institute through the Sigma Chi fraternity. Sigma Chi chose the Huntsman Cancer Foundation as one of its preferred philanthropic partners in December 2012. As of April 12, 2013, Sigma Chi had raised their first one-million dollars for cancer research. By 2017, Sigma Chi's total has reached over five million dollars for cancer research.

Education
Huntsman had supported the University of Utah in Salt Lake City in other ways as well. The 15,000-seat Jon M. Huntsman Center for special events opened in 1969 and is used for gymnastics, basketball, and volleyball. It has been the site of national championships in both gymnastics and basketball, including NCAA men's basketball. As of 2013, the Huntsmans have supported the building of an additional basketball practice facility, to be named the Jon M. and Karen Huntsman Basketball Center.

Huntsman has also given support to other universities. He has served as Chairman of the Board of Overseers of his alma mater, the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. One of the school's signature buildings, Jon Huntsman Hall, was named in his honor. Huntsman made an unrestricted gift of more than $50 million to Wharton, which was critical to development of the $140 million project. As of 1994, the Huntsmans also endowed the Huntsman Program in International Studies and Business at the University of Pennsylvania, a four-year undergraduate program that combines business education and liberal arts.

In 1989 Huntsman gave $1 million to Utah State University in Logan, Utah, for the Huntsman Environmental Research Center. At a press conference to announce the gift, Huntsman said the preservation of the environment is the single most important issue in the world. The Huntsmans also donated $500,000 to rebuild the Alumni Center, renamed the David B. Haight Alumni Center in honor of Mrs. Huntsman's father. In December 2007, Utah State University announced that its College of Business would be renamed the Jon M. Huntsman School of Business, in recognition of a gift from Huntsman and his wife of $26 million, a major contributor for the new $40 million school of business building referred to as Huntsman Hall—the largest in the university's history to that time. In 2017, Huntsman and Charles Koch donated another $50 million to the Huntsman School of Business for student scholarships and a new Center for Growth and Opportunity.

The law library at Brigham Young University, built in 1975, was expanded and renamed for Howard W. Hunter in 1995 with financial support from Jon and Karen Huntsman and other donors. A new library building at Southern Utah University, named in honor of retiring SUU President Gerald R. Sherratt, contains the Jon and Karen Huntsman Reading Room. The Huntsmans also contributed to the Karen H. Huntsman Library in Snow College, Utah. Completed in 2010, it is a "green" building, expected to be the first academic library in the state to achieve gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certification.

Aid to Armenia
Huntsman has also contributed to efforts to rebuild in Armenia, which was devastated by an earthquake in 1988. He and other family members have made 46 trips to Armenia over 25 years. He estimates that he has given at least $50 million to relief efforts in Armenia, including money to build schools and hospitals. One of his earliest projects there involved setting up a plant to make pre-stressed concrete, to supply building materials for reconstruction and to employ Armenians. The Huntsmans have built a tile roofing plant in Yerevan, apartment complexes, and a K-12 school in the city of Gyumri. The Huntsmans also provide scholarships to bring Armenian students to America to study at Utah State University. Huntsman has been granted citizenship in the country and awarded two medals of honor by Armenia, one of them the St. Mesrop Mashtots Order.

Huntsman's donations of more than $1.2 billion overall dropped him from the "Forbes 400" list as of 2010. His wealth was not disclosed; however, he was listed as number 937 on the "Forbes World's Richest Persons" for 2010. He was one of only 19 of the world's 1,200 billionaires to have donated more than $1 billion. He has said that he wants to "die broke" by giving his money away to various charities.

Rocky Anderson, Democratic mayor of Salt Lake City, has said of Huntsman:

"I was impressed with Jon from the first, when he told me he lost respect for Richard Nixon ... when he learned that Nixon had not given anything to charity one year he was president ... It was clear to me that Jon's real motivation in his work and accumulation of wealth was to give much of what he has to make people's lives better."

Awards

 * 1954 – Student body President, Palo Alto High School
 * 1955 – Awarded the Crown Zellerbach Scholarship to The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
 * 1959 – University of Pennsylvania Student Alumni Award of Merit (undergrad)
 * 1959 – University of Pennsylvania Spoon Award (most outstanding student graduate)
 * 1959 – International Balfour Award (most outstanding Sigma Chi in US/Canada)
 * 1971 – José Marti Brotherhood Award, from Cuban Americans, Most Respected U.S. Citizen
 * 1991 – Armenian Medal of Honor
 * 1994 – American Academy of Achievement
 * 1994 – Kaveler Award, Most Outstanding CEO, Chemical Industry
 * 1994 - Inducted into the Plastics Hall of Fame
 * 1996 – Great Humanitarian Award, Freedom Foundation
 * 1996 – National Caring Award, Caring Institute
 * 1997 – Horatio Alger National Award
 * 1999 – Armenian Presidential Award
 * 1999 – University of Pennsylvania Alumni Award of Merit
 * 2000 – Named One of Ten Most Influential Utahns in the 20th Century
 * 2001 – Entrepreneur of the Year, Ernst & Young
 * 2003 – Humanitarian of the Year
 * 2004 – Othmer Award, Outstanding Inventions in Plastics, Chemical Heritage Foundation
 * 2005 – Giant in our City Award, Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce
 * 2006 – American Red Cross Excellence in Governance Award
 * 2008 – Medal of Honor, American Cancer Society
 * 2008 – Trustee Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania
 * 2009 – Chairman Emeritus, The Wharton School Board of Overseers (University of Pennsylvania)
 * 2010 – Distinguished Public Service Award, American Assn. for Cancer Research
 * 2010 – Inducted into Idaho's Hall of Fame
 * 2010 – National Award for Charity (Restoring Honor Day, Washington, D.C.)
 * 2011 – Service Above Self Award
 * 2011 – WSJ's Innovator of the Year Award
 * 2013 – Leadership Award for Lifetime Achievement, American Chemical Society
 * 2014 – William E. Simon Award for Philanthropy
 * 2015 – The Franklin Institute of Philadelphia's Business Leadership Award (Bower Award)
 * 2015 – Philanthropy Roundtable's Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy Award
 * 2016 – Insider Magazine listed Huntsman as second largest contributor to charities in America; Fortune Magazine names Huntsman as 2nd most generous man in America.

Controversy
Huntsman contributed to the resignation of the CEO of University of Utah Healthcare (HCI), Vivian Lee, after threatening to withhold $250 million in donations to the Huntsman Cancer Institute and attacking Lee's character in the public sphere. Lee resigned after the public backlash she received, particularly from editorials printed in the Salt Lake Tribune, a newspaper owned by the Huntsman family.

In an editorial, Huntsman described Lee as attempting a "power-grab", while Huntsman was attempting to sever HCI and University of Utah ties. This controversy has raised the question of how much private donors should have a say in publicly funded healthcare.

title: Jon Huntsman Sr.


text:
Bonner

Bonner may refer to:

People

 * Bonner (name)

Places

 * United States
 * Bonner Springs, Kansas
 * Bonner County, Idaho
 * Bonners Ferry, Idaho
 * Bonner-West Riverside, Montana
 * Bonner, Nebraska
 * Australia
 * Bonner, Australian Capital Territory, suburb of Canberra
 * Division of Bonner, electoral district in Queensland
 * Other
 * Bonnerveen, Dutch town, Netherlands
 * Bonner Beach, a beach in the UK island of South Georgia

Other uses

 * A resident of Bonn
 * Junior Bonner, 1972 western movie
 * Bonner Foundation, scholarship programme
 * Bonner Platz (Munich U-Bahn), U-Bahn station
 * Bonner SC, German football club
 * Bonner Durchmusterung, star catalog
 * Bonner spheres, used to determine the energy spectra of a neutron beam
 * Bonners Ferry High School, high school in Bonners Ferry, Idaho
 * Monsignor Bonner High School, Catholic secondary school in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania
 * Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bonner


text:
Talk:Darius Miles

Untitled
I felt the need to edit out the part where Miles is suspended and paid back his salary. It was written by vindictive Oregonian columnist, Canzano and can't really be proven plus the Blazers management rebuffed that story with one of their own.

What a horrible picture for an NBA player's profile. It looks like some fan is just eager to show off his picture with Miles. Can someone at least replace it with one of him on the court? 72.138.81.82 01:38, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm the one who added that picture, and I added it because the previous picture was copyrighted. So if you find one with the proper usage license, go ahead and add it. --Liface 02:12, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The more proper and appropriate thing to do is to crop the picture. It's done all the time in Wiki. -- † Ðy§ep§ion † Speak your mind 01:54, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Somebody who won't mind can crop it and insert it back in.

Is there really any need to have this much information about a player that isn't that good? Lets face it, he has done nothing spectacular in his career.

Bobcats try-out
Miles played in exhbition games for the bobcats once in 2010 while trying to make a comeback in the nba. I see no mention of it on here so it okay if i add it in with a reliable source? -Akmal94 (talk) 06:34, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

The Knuckleheads podcast
I would like to know why mention of his podcast was completely removed? It is notable because it has hosted significant players both past and present like Kobe, Shaq and Oscar Robertson. I find it bad practice to just remove un-citated additions instead of actually checking if it's valid first Captainspirou (talk) 14:49, 30 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Darius Miles


text:
Onrust

The Onrust (Restless) was a Dutch ship built by Adriaen Block and the crew of the Tyger, which had been destroyed by fire in the winter of 1613. The Onrust was the first ship to be built in what is now New York State, and the first fur trading vessel built in America. The construction took four months in the winter of 1614 somewhere in New York Bay. Help from the local Native population is surmised based on the relationship developed by Jon Rodriquez, left on the island during a previous voyage. The Onrust was 44.5 feet long and capable of carrying 16 tons.

In 1614, Block sailed through the whirlpools (Hellegat) on the East River, and into Long Island Sound. There he named Block Island for himself. Block was also the first European to venture up the Connecticut River. He managed to get as far as the Enfield rapids, about 60 miles up the river. Besides finding several inland water routes, creating trading networks and mapping native villages, the two first accurate maps of the east coast were drawn based on the voyages of the Onrust. Later in the year, Block rendezvoused with the Fortuyn, also under his command, near Cape Cod and sailed back to the Netherlands on 1 October 1614. The Onrust was last reported in 1616 as headed to explore the "New River", now known as the Delaware River under Cornelius Hendrickson.

Onrust Project

From 2006 to 2009 the Onrust Project, a non-profit organization, directed by Don Rittner and Greta Wagle, built a replica of the Onrust at the Schenectady County Historical Society's Mabee Farm Historic Site in Rotterdam Junction, NY. Master shipwright and naval architect Gerald DeWeerdt of the Netherlands, and shipwright Howard Mittleman of North River Restorations in Schenectady, N.Y. led the team of volunteers.

Construction used both modern power tools and traditional hand tools to build the ship, employing authentic 17th century Dutch ship building techniques rediscovered by ship archeologists in the Netherlands. The material is mostly white oak with pine decking, most of which was sawn nearby by one of the volunteers. The replica is held together by more than 4,000 hand-made black locust tree nails called trunnels and iron rivets. Much of the metal fittings and rivets were hand-made by local blacksmiths of wrought iron; others, as well as cannon, use authentic bronze.

The replica Onrust was first launched into the Mohawk River on May 20, 2009, and was able to participate in NY400 that year, commemorating the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson's voyage.

title: Onrust


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Doublefuck programming language

Doublefuck programming language
Doublefuck programming language was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge with Brainfuck and redirect.

This article seems totally non-notable. About 50 google results, and about 6 not related to Wikipedia. It would appear the only information there is (or could possibly ever be) about this language is: "It's Brainfuck but with two buffers, see Brainfuck for more information."

Note that this was apparently listed on VfD in late September/early August 2004, but I could find no record of its discussion.CXI 16:06, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It was considered individually at Votes_for_deletion/Esoteric_programming_language_related/Detail and as a block of 74 articles at Votes_for_deletion/Esoteric_programming_language_related. --Korath会話 03:28, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. -Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 16:10, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fredrik | talk 16:12, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to brainfuck. Yelyos 16:13, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect. Grue 16:34, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep and a strong censure to the people who keep putting esoteric programming languages up for vfd. What next, delete Fermat's Last Theorem because the poor guy didn't have enough space in his margin? --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 16:37, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * But hey? Making an arbitrary programming language is much easier than coming up with a non-obvious right statement. Wow, I invented the new language: TRIPLEFUCK! It has three memory areas! I r t3h l337z0r3st! Grue 18:38, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * You don't know what you're talking about. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 22:25, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep brainfuck is big enough as it is. Add a link to it from brainfuck, and leave it where it is.   —  マイケル   ₪  18:18, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Unsure. I mean, if it were my decision I'd either delete (noting that despite earlier debates there are still no sources or references cited for doublefuck) or more likely merge and redirect (merging the fact that different opcodes are used and deleting as unencyclopedic exactly what these are). The only attraction I can see for this article is that it gives another opportunity to use naughty words. I think it's good to document and keep this discussion if the article is kept, and harmless to delete the article but unlikely to happen. So no censures, and no vote from me. Andrewa 20:09, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and go programming language yourself. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 20:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep it. Wyss 21:38, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: someone's weekend project. For some reason Wikipedians have no trouble identifying articles about garage bands as useless vanity, but if it's a garage programming language people get their panties all in a twist about deleting it. I guess this is an example of the Wikipedia nerd bias I hear about. Wile E. Heresiarch 21:57, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Fredrik | talk 22:48, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Very well put. Andrewa 03:44, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is an example of the nerd bias you've heard about :) Wyss 04:20, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect not different enough to be 2 articles. The command table from doublefuck can replace the command table in brainfuck. DCEdwards1966 22:01, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Good suggestion. This reduces clutter without making the information any harder to find or understand. Still no vote. Andrewa 15:44, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Fancruft. Delete (preferably) or merge and redirect. Kosebamse 22:02, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Brainfuck is just barely notable as a well-known joke in its field.  This is not. --Korath会話 22:19, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep* Why are people trying to delete this, honestly. Are they just being prudish about the name? CiaraBeth 23:22, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Nope. It's just that it seems to be about some fucking shit that no one but a few fucked-up programmers could give Shit One about.  Incidently, could we delete this fucking cant?  Edeans 01:22, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Nope. Any more than people are voting to keep just because they're scared of any taint of censorship. Well, probably some are both ways, but most of us recognise that these aren't the main issues here. Andrewa 15:48, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete it doublefucking quickly. What next? My conlang I invented last weekend? The newsletter I make for my family? My scrapbook? Dr Zen 23:50, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge, weak redirect with apologies for being too lazy to write a brainfuck program that prints this opinion. iMeowbot~Mw 00:26, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Or merge/redir. brainfuck language gets over 12K hits--doublefuck language gets less than 1K hits. Just a minor variation of brainfuck--not worth a separate article. Brainfuck article is only ~14K--plenty of room for variants. Niteowlneils 00:40, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, redirect if you must; the description on brainfuck says all that needs saying.  --fvw *  01:07, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)
 * Comment: Now that I've found the previous listing, it seems to me that it was kept before only because it was proposed as an enormous block of deletions. I ask that it be looked at on its own merits, rather than voting with kneejerk "keep"s due its previous listing. --Korath会話 03:34, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. This doesn't really need an article of its own; also, it makes more sense when presented as a variant of Brainfuck rather than as an independent entity. Mindspillage 05:08, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect; not worthy of an article, but redirects is nice. --Golbez 05:47, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete computer language vanity. Possibly redirect to brainfuck to prevent recreation -- Cyrius|✎ 08:14, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and re-direct to BF. Dan100 11:40, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Everyking 13:01, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If doublefuck should ever grow and be a somewhat significant thing we can include it then. Not now. Shanes 13:06, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to BF.
 * Unsigned comment by 169.146.191.10 Grue 13:34, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mrwojo 16:12, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * MERGE Vacuum c 17:03, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity programming language. Andris 17:07, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Brainfuck. The article itself says it needs knowledge of BF to be appreciated, so that's the sensible place for it. -- Antaeus Feldspar 17:45, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, but I guess redirect is ok too. Tuf-Kat 04:00, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Brainfuck - it really should be a section of that article - David Gerard 14:23, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Brainfuck. Bryan 21:13, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 21:40, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. (redirect to brainfuck). No interpreters, no compilers, no programs. silsor 01:48, Dec 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/redirect. Neutralitytalk 03:24, Dec 29, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Rocky Lockridge

Rick "Rocky" Lockridge (January 10, 1959 – February 7, 2019) was an American professional boxer. He is perhaps best known for having handed Roger Mayweather his first defeat—a first-round knockout in just 98 seconds—earning him the WBA and lineal super featherweight titles. He later won the IBF super featherweight title. He is also known from his 2010 appearance on the A&E television series Intervention.

Early life and career
Rocky Lockridge was born on January 10, 1959, in Tacoma, Washington. After relocating to Paterson, New Jersey, at 19 years old in 1978, he made his debut fight in the professional ring on August 9, defeating Tony Reed by TKO. On September 18, 1979, he defeated Gerald Hayes via unanimous decision to win the New Jersey State Featherweight Championship, and on February 19, 1980, he won by TKO against Fel Clemente to win the USA Featherweight Champion title.

On October 4, 1980, he fought for the WBA World Featherweight title against Eusebio Pedroza, losing by a majority decision; this defeat was Lockridge's first in the professional ring. On April 6, 1981, he retained the New Jersey featherweight title by defeating Ernesto Gonzalez by unanimous decision. On August 22, 1981, in a fight for the US featherweight title, he was knocked out by Juan Laporte. On April 24, 1983, he met Pedroza again in the fight for the WBA featherweight title, losing by unanimous decision.

On February 26, 1984, he knocked out the undefeated Roger Mayweather in round one and won the WBA junior-lightweight world championship. After defeating Mayweather, Lockridge and his wife Carolyn moved to Mount Laurel, New Jersey, where they gave birth to twin sons Ricky and Lamar on August 23, 1984. Lockridge made two successful title defenses: on June 12, 1984, he won by TKO in round eleven against Tae Jin Moon, and on January 27, 1985, he won by TKO in round six against Kamel Bou-Ali, a future WBO world junior-lightweight champion himself. However, on May 15 of the same year, he lost the title by majority decision to Wilfredo Gómez.

On August 3, 1986, he lost by majority decision in the fight for the WBC world junior-lightweight title to the undefeated Julio César Chávez. On August 9, 1987, Lockridge defeated Barry Michael after Michael refused to continue the fight after the 8th round and won the IBF world junior-lightweight championship. On October 25, 1987, he defeated Johnny de la Rosa and defended the title, and on April 2, 1988, by unanimous decision, he defeated Harold Knight and again defended his title. On July 23, 1988, he lost by unanimous decision to Tony Lopez and lost his title to the Mexican-American. On March 5, 1989, a rematch took place between Lopez and Lockridge, which ended in the same way as the first fight. After the second defeat to Lopez, Lockridge retired following a victory against Mike Zena in 1989.

Later years and death
Lockridge returned with his family to Tacoma in 1991 – 18 months following his retirement from boxing – and he and Carolyn separated shortly thereafter due to financial stress and Rocky's drug addiction. 30 months after his original retirement, Lockridge attempted a comeback under new management in Washington, but both his fights in this period ended in losses. In 1993, Lockridge moved to Camden, New Jersey, alone, and he began working as a cleaner and painter for a drum and barrel company in January 1994. Shortly after, he was arrested for burglary and sentenced to five years probation. Three years later, he was arrested on a similar charge and served 27 months in prison before being released in July 1999. Lockridge spent the following years in homelessness, living on a monthly $140 and food stamps provided by the government, as well as pocket change from panhandling. He suffered a stroke in 2006, requiring him to use a cane.

Lockridge was eventually brought by his family onto the A&E television series Intervention in 2010. A scene from the episode, in which an emotional Lockridge loudly wails, became an internet meme titled "best cry ever". Following this appearance, Lockridge spent 90 days in a facility, and had remained sober since. Lockridge died on February 7, 2019, at the age of 60, after being placed on home hospice care following multiple strokes. He was removed from life support about one week prior to his death. In the weeks preceding his death, he was hooked to a feeding tube due to an inability to swallow, and suffered from aspiration pneumonia. His caretaker had set up a GoFundMe to help cover his medical expenses. Lockridge is buried at Sunset Memorial Park in Pennsauken, New Jersey.

title: Rocky Lockridge


text:
Talk:'Til Tuesday

Rush
Was Aimee on the Rush video "Time Stand Still"

 * No, she didn't appear in the video, but it is her voice in the song. - Ugliness Man 08:51, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

Aimee appeared in the "Time Stands Still" video operating a TV studio camera. This is original research from when I played music videos at a nightclub that Til Tuesday and later Aimee Man played at. (One local musician working at that New England club claimed his brother taught Aimee how to play bass.) - 22yearswothanks (talk) 01:07, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

Bowie?
Does anyone know if 'Til Tuesday got their name from David Bowie's album and/or song "Love You 'Til Tuesday"? - Ugliness Man 08:51, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

gwen stefani
I have heard from a lot of people that Gwen Stefani was in this band...?? Was she or was she not? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.216.138.170 (talk) 17:12, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * No Doubt, she was. 82.31.22.143 (talk) 17:24, 23 March 2016 (UTC)

Gwen Stefani was like 4 when that band was out yo. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.124.137.67 (talk) 19:13, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

LOL, what? No, that's Aimee Mann. 69.132.232.89 (talk) 20:50, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.stereosociety.com/voicescarry.html
 * In 'Til Tuesday on 2011-05-20 21:17:02, 404 Not Found
 * In 'Til Tuesday on 2011-05-31 04:09:31, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 04:09, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:'Til Tuesday


text:
Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure

Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure (released as Crash Bandicoot XS in Europe) is a 2002 platform game developed by Vicarious Visions and published by Universal Interactive for the Game Boy Advance. It is the seventh installment in the Crash Bandicoot video game series, the first Crash Bandicoot game not to be released on a PlayStation console, and the first Crash Bandicoot game to be released on a handheld console. The game's story centers on a plot to shrink the Earth by the main antagonist, Doctor Neo Cortex, through the use of a gigantic weapon named the "Planetary Minimizer". The protagonist of the story, Crash Bandicoot, must gather Crystals in order to power a device that will return the Earth to its proper size, defeating Doctor Cortex and his minions along the way.

The game stemmed from an agreement between Universal Interactive Studios and Konami that enabled them to respectively produce and publish a Crash Bandicoot game for next-generation handheld game systems, ending the franchise's exclusivity to Sony-produced consoles. Critical reactions to Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure were generally positive; the game was praised for its graphics and overall design, but critics noted the game's lack of innovation. A sequel, Crash Bandicoot 2: N-Tranced, was released in 2003.

Gameplay
Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure is a platform game in which the player controls Crash Bandicoot, who must gather 20 Crystals and reverse the shrinkage of the Earth at the hands of Doctor Neo Cortex, the main antagonist of the story. Much of the game takes place in a series of hubs, from which Crash can teleport to various areas of the Earth. Initially, only the first of four hubs is available for play. Each hub features five levels and a boss level. The goal in each level is to find and obtain a hidden Crystal. After completing all five levels in a hub, the boss level must be completed, in which Crash must defeat the boss character guarding the area. By defeating the boss, a new hub will be accessible for play. When all 20 Crystals are collected and the Earth has been enlarged to its proper size, the game is won.

Besides Crystals, Gems and Colored Gems can be collected for extra accomplishment. Gems are rewarded to the player if all of the crates in a level are broken open or if a secret area is completed. Colored Gems are found in special levels and lead to hidden areas. "Relics" can be won by re-entering a level where the Crystal has already been retrieved. To obtain a Relic, the player must initiate the "Time Trial" mode and race through a level in the pre-designated time displayed before entering a level. To begin a Time Trial run, the player must enter a level and activate the floating stopwatch near the beginning of the level to activate the timer; if the stopwatch is not touched, the level is played regularly. The player must then race through the level as quickly as possible. Scattered throughout the level are yellow crates with the numbers 1, 2 or 3 on them. When these crates are broken, the timer is frozen for the number of seconds designated by the box. Sapphire, Gold and Platinum Relics can be won depending on the player's final time.

At the beginning of the game, Crash has the ability to jump to navigate ledges, spin in a tornado-like fashion to break open crates and defeat enemies, deliver a body slam to break open tough objects and can either slide across the ground or crouch and crawl to get past low areas. Crash can expand on these abilities by defeating boss characters, often resulting in more powerful attacks or increased jumping and running prowess. Crash starts the game with six lives. Crash loses a life when he is struck by an enemy attack or suffers any other type of damage. More lives can be earned by instructing Crash to collect 100 "Wumpa Fruits" or break open a special crate to collect a life. Crash can be shielded from enemy attack by collecting an Aku Aku mask. Collecting three of these masks allows temporary invulnerability from all minor dangers.

Plot
In a space station orbiting the Earth, Uka Uka is upset with Doctor Neo Cortex for failing him once again, but Cortex promises a plan that will bring the Earth's inhabitants down to size. Cortex then introduces his Planetary Minimizer, which he immediately uses to shrink the Earth down to the size of a grapefruit. The situation is brought to Aku Aku's attention when Cortex taunts the now-microscopic people of Earth. When Aku Aku informs Crash of the Earth's predicament, Coco assumes that Cortex is using the Crystals to power his shrinking machine, and requests that Crash find the same kind of Crystals in various locations around the world, which she will use to build a device that will reverse the effects of Cortex's Minimizer.

Cortex decides to deal with Crash himself by firing the Planetary Minimizer at him after Dingodile, N. Gin and Tiny are defeated. However, Crash tricks him into shrinking the colored Gems that stabilize the Minimizer, causing it to malfunction. The unrestrained effects of the Minimizer fuse Cortex and the previous bosses together, creating a monster known as Mega-Mix, who chases Crash down the space station's hallway in an attempt to kill him. Fortunately, Crash escapes back to the Earth just in time for Coco to use the Crystals that he has gathered to return the Earth back to normal again. The Earth is returned to its original size, while the space station above Earth explodes and Cortex and the others escape in an escape pod.

Development and release
On September 21, 2000, Konami and Universal Studios announced that they had entered an agreement that would enable Konami to publish a Crash Bandicoot game for next-generation game systems, with Universal Interactive handling the production of the games. The Game Boy Color was originally included alongside the Game Boy Advance in the deal. The agreement served to break the Crash Bandicoot franchise's exclusivity to Sony-produced consoles and effectively made Crash Bandicoot a mascot character for Universal rather than Sony. That December, Vicarious Visions approached Universal and showed off some of their technology on the Game Boy Advance. Fairly impressed with their work, Universal asked Vicarious Visions to submit a concept. Liking the submitted concept, Universal commissioned a prototype; the prototype resembled a handheld version of the PlayStation Crash Bandicoot games. Vicarious Visions was then given developmental duties for the Game Boy Advance Crash Bandicoot game.

Development was directed by Karthik Bala, Jesse Booth, and Mike Meischeid, with Vicarious Visions' Bala and Tobi Saulnier and Universal's Daniel Suarez serving as producers. The game was primarily designed by Bala and Luis Barriga, with artists Theodore Bialek and Christopher Winters providing additional design. Other artists include Steve Derrick, Mei He, Jason Harlow, Carl Schell, Jim Powell, Wes Merritt, Jorge Diaz, and Florian Freisleder. Red Eye Studios assisted in creating the graphics and animation, which was created in Maya. Some of the original animation and textures from Crash Bandicoot: Warped were repurposed and used as a basis for the Game Boy Advance game. The sprite for the Crash Bandicoot character features between 1,000 and 1,500 frames of animation. At the height of development, there were as much as seven programmers working on the game, consisting of Booth, Nate Trost, Robert Trevellyan, Alex Rybakov, Jesse Raymond, Chris Pruett, and Viktor Kuzmin; the studio Cosmigo provided coding support. The audio for the game was created by Manfred Linzner of Shin'en Multimedia and Todd Masten, with additional sound effects provided by Universal Sound Studios. The game uses a static random access memory battery, allowing the player to save their progress. The game was designed with battery saving in mind from the beginning of production, as keeping track of all the data would prove extremely cumbersome with a password system.

The game was tentatively titled Crash Bandicoot Advance and went through the titles Crash Bandicoot X/S and Crash Bandicoot: The Big Adventure before arriving at its final name. Development spanned a total of nine months from conception to completion. Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure was shipped to North American stores on February 26, 2002, and is the first Crash Bandicoot title to be released on a handheld console. In Europe, the game was released under the title Crash Bandicoot XS on March 15, 2002.

Reception
Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure received generally positive reviews from critics. Louis Bedigian of GameZone considered the series' adaptation to the Game Boy Advance to be highly successful; he praised the game's level design and replay value, and declared The Huge Adventure to be more fun than its PlayStation counterparts or the Super Mario Advance series. Craig Harris of IGN assessed the game's design as "amazingly tight with solid controls and level design" and appreciated the various gameplay styles and additional challenge provided by the Time Trials and hidden Gems. However, he mentioned that the flight levels (which he described as a "watered-down" After Burner) had imperfect collision detection, and he found fault in the game's lack of an auto-save feature or any prompting to save the game. Scott Osborne of GameSpy said that while the game was not innovative, it was executed well enough to remain entertaining. Andrew Reiner of Game Informer praised the "essentially perfect" incorporation of the gameplay intricacies of the PlayStation trilogy, but lamented the short length of the levels. Four-Eyed Dragon of GamePro commended the game as "a superb-looking, straightforward platformer that no interested GBA gamer should miss." Giancarlo Varanini of GameSpot summarized the game as a basic but solid platformer that lacked the innovation of other Game Boy Advance platformers. Scott Alan Marriott of Allgame, while acknowledging the game's lack of innovation, stated that the translation of the gameplay and feel of the PlayStation Crash games onto the Game Boy Advance was executed well. A Nintendo Power reviewer noted that the game's challenges were generally more difficult and sometimes more frustrating than those of the Mario games. Play Magazine's reviewer criticized the "straight-ahead" nature of the side-scrolling, but called it "a great, little game" otherwise. Jeanne Kim, Shane Bettenhausen and James Mielke of Electronic Gaming Monthly were all frustrated by the game's trial-and-error gameplay, although Kim and Mielke acknowledged that the essence of the series was successfully captured. However, Bettenhausen felt that its gameplay and level design were dull and derivative and that the game was too short. Osborne and Four-Eyed Dragon found the controls to be slightly sluggish, and Varanini experienced particular difficulty with the double-jump maneuver.

The visuals were lauded for their hardware-pushing fluidity and detail, with Bedigian considering the graphics to be superior to those in classic SNES titles. While Varanini agreed with the general sentiment, he felt that the enemy characters were blandly colored and the levels lacked visual variety, although he considered the chase sequences to be a highlight. Bettenhausen, however, felt that the graphics were toned down to "merely average" compared to the PlayStation games, though he admired the pseudo-3D stages.

Bedigian commended the music as "excellent" and some of the best on the Game Boy Advance. Harris called the game's audio "amazingly clear". Osborne felt that the familiarity of the audio "breeds fun rather than contempt: it's hard not to smile when the witch doctor mask Aku Aku lets out his silly cry of "Ooga booga!"". Varanini was impressed by the faithful reproduction of the PlayStation trilogy's sound design, and deemed the music's clarity to be slightly higher than most Game Boy Advance titles, but felt that the individual tracks, with the possible exception of the ice stages, did not particularly stand out. Marriott noted the sound effects to be accurate, but considered the music to be less impressive than that of the PlayStation trilogy.

In the United States, Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure sold 750,000 copies and earned $19 million by August 2006. During the period between January 2000 and August 2006, it was the 26th highest-selling game launched for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS or PlayStation Portable in that country.

title: Crash Bandicoot: The Huge Adventure


text:
Talk:Smaug

Zmeu
Any relation to the Romanian dragon zmeu?

 * Slavic_dragon might tell. --DLL 16:38, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Romanian "zmeu" not but Slavic Zmej, yes. The name in Hobbit is rather derived from the old Slavic word "smogati" to soak and is a main Bulgarian mythic/folkloric flying snake named Smok. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.215.95.22 (talk) 07:52, 26 May 2012 (UTC)

Potential expansion of Smaug
Is there more that can be said about Smaug? Almost certainly. I believe that Tolkien drew a picture of Smaug, so that should be mentioned. There should also be something about Smaug's voice and his cunning. The article also needs rewriting to reflect the plotlines better. As for secondary literature about Smaug, there should be some things that can be quoted and referenced, hopefully including something comparing Smaug with dragons in mythology and other stories (both by Tolkien and by others). I'll see what I can find, unless someone else finds stuff first. It should also be possible to list several of the more notable artworks of Smaug that are used in editions of 'The Hobbit'. Also, there have been numerous plays done of 'The Hobbit', so some mention of Smaug in relation to those should be possible. The disambiguation hatnote at the top is an example of Smaug inspiring uses in popular culture, so that would be a good start to a "popular culture" section. The portrayals could also mention the two radio versions of 'The Hobbit'. All this should help address the "in universe" concerns expressed here. Carcharoth 09:56, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Last time I tried including a comparison of HP plot to Beowulf, just recently as it happens, it immediately got struck out by someone citing fiction guidelines and demanding references to demonstrate that this was not OR. Something of an irony, really, given the debate i have been having on the fiction guideline page. But leads to my concern that taken strictly the guidelines might amount to permitting nothing to be inclued. Sandpiper 16:09, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * These books and these essays will no doubt provide more than enough information to fully flesh out this article. And, Sandpiper, if you did not cite your sources, the editor who removed your edits was perfectly within his or her rights. WP:CITE and WP:NOR are quite clear on this. — BrianSmithson 17:20, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * There's a close reading of Smaug compared to Miðgarðsorm, the slaying of Fafnir by Sigurð, and the dragon killed by Beowulf, in J.R.R. Tolkien: Author of the Century by Tom Shippey, pp. 36-40, ISBN 0-261-10401-2 --zippedmartin 04:53, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * As I said, there is a danger that these guidelines a written would entitle someone to delete everything. Sandpiper 01:18, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Sandpiper - if you can get your comparison of Beowulf and HP published, then it can be cited. Until then, it is OR. Though sometimes Wikipedia is a great place to get inspiration for new ideas, and I think there should be a place to deposit these OR ideas so that others can provide sources or they can be published somewhere. Carcharoth 00:39, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Thrush
If memory serves me, wasn't the thrush in fact Gandalf?--Snideology 00:48, 26 August 2007 (UTC)
 * No. TCC (talk) (contribs) 07:06, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

But feel free to christen it "Gandalf" if you feel it deserves a name. Gandalf could be called "Jane". Not050 (talk) 01:18, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Swap
Actually, while I'm here, I think I'll just move the "abilities" section closer to the beginning rather than the end, so that it follows on from a reference to the character in the plot rather than a section on how Tolkien thought of his name. Not050 (talk) 01:27, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Sources and verifications thing
I'm wondering what other sources are needed for this now. We've found the Beouwulf link, and the other facts surely come from the book itself. Not050 (talk) 15:57, 12 October 2008 (UTC)Not050

would you believe that the hobbit isn't listed as a ref here? pauli133 (talk) 15:01, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

Main Antagonist?
How exactly may I ask was Smaug the main antagonist of the story? He had an antagonistic role but in The Two Towers, Grishnakh has an antagonist role even though Sauron and/or Saruman are the main villains. I read the book again recently and the way I see it the Goblins are the main antagonists. After all they are met with more than once and the book's climax takes place in a fight against them. -- Flashpenny

 * In the same way that The Lord Of The Rings is about the battle against Sauron, the Hobbit is about the battle to remove Smaug. Carl Sixsmith (talk) 11:52, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

Dalish???
I don't think the phrase, "original Dalish" is appropriate describing Tragu as an alternate name. The reference is good, where it's made clear that Smaug is Tolkien's Common Tongue interpretation of the name Tragu used in Dale. The folks of Dale didn't speak "Dalish" (such a word never exists in Tolkien) but a Northern dialect related to the Common Tongue that isn't specifically named. However, since "Dalish" is a language of elves in an unrelated fantasy universe I don't think that using that word here is appropriate (and wrong if that is the intent). I suggest the reference be changed to something like, "native name in Dale." That removes any and all possible confusion. 71.126.134.205 (talk)mjd —Preceding undated comment added 02:10, 3 September 2013 (UTC)

Forbes Fictional 15
The article exists (Forbes_Fictional_15) and is referenced textually, so should be linked. 69.95.203.145 (talk) 17:42, 14 December 2013 (UTC)

"Worm?"
Should Smaug not be considered a "wyrm" rather than worm in the first paragraph. I always read dragons referred to as wyrm or drakes. I know it's about a fictional character, but still...

User:CharlieP216 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.206.119.7 (talk) 17:35, 17 September 2015 (UTC)
 * No. It's a quote from the book, he's described in The Hobbit as a Worm. GimliDotNet (talk) 18:22, 17 September 2015 (UTC)

Help
I tried to upload a picture of Smaug as it appears in The Hobbit film trilogy, but I couldn't, because I do not have the ability to uploadf inages on Wikikipedia.Could you upload this picture for me?This picture can be found on site One Wiki to Rule Them All or The Lord of the Rings Wiki specifically on the Gallery page about Smaug. You will see it. See Smaug/Image Gallery. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.86.255.196 (talk) 16:29, 22 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Smaug. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150622155404/http://institutodelapatagonia.cl/index.php/analespatagonia/article/view/685/650 to http://institutodelapatagonia.cl/index.php/analespatagonia/article/view/685/650

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:27, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

Four or two legs?
I'm fairly certain that Tolkien felt that Smaug (and dragons in general) had four limbs in addition to the wings. This isn't clearly shown in Tolkien's illustration of Smaug, but the two limbs seen are articulated and located just like forelimbs.

This means that Peter Jackson's depiction isn't faithful to the books. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.139.182.135 (talk) 03:15, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

Etymology
I was told his name was etymologically connected to the word smog. The Mo-Ja'al (talk) 02:45, 5 September 2019 (UTC)
 * By whom? Lava Lamps (talk) 19:46, 5 September 2019 (UTC)
 * There's no connection. The real etymology is in the article. Smugan=to creep through a hole. Whereas: Smog = Smoke+Fog. Chiswick Chap (talk) 20:36, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

Opening Sentences
"Smaug (/smaʊɡ/[T 1]) is a dragon and the main antagonist in J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel The Hobbit, his treasure and the mountain he lives in being the goal of the quest. He is a powerful and fearsome dragon"

It feels like bad writing that Smaug is described as a dragon twice in quick succession.

I cannot think an acceptable change though, anyone have any ideas?Lava Lamps (talk) 21:25, 28 February 2020 (UTC)

Use of tables and WP:ACCESS
Hello & Co. Today I made edits to the article to use Quote box for the two quotes (instead of tables) and to correctly mark up the other two tables (the cool literary comparisons) for WP:ACCESS. Unfortunately, my edits were reverted on the basis that, "it was better as it was!"

I'd like to you to (1) reconsider this revert, as it breaks accessibility of the article, and (2) explain why you think it was "better". I assume part of your rationale is that you are a sighted user and don't use a screen reader. Such users have to struggle with our pages when they are not properly marked up (such as the current version of this one). And there's no good excuse to use a single-cell table for anything, as you seem intent on doing with each of the quotes.

My changes were aimed at adding the correct and missing markup (e.g. scope="row"), and helping the tables respond dynamically no matter what device or browser the user is employing. We can't know how wide the user's screen is (or if they're using one!), so we should leave maximum flexibilty in things like line breaking.

Would you please consider reverting your revert? Thanks, — JohnFromPinckney (talk) 10:34, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Whatever. Chiswick Chap (talk) 10:43, 23 August 2020 (UTC)

"A vast red-golden dragon."
His colouring doesn't seem to be mentioned in the article - though the line "A vast red-golden dragon." is present in the Hobbit when they first sight him. Might be worth mentioning EdwardLane (talk) 11:37, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Smaug


text:
Talk:Zmeu

Smaug
Any relation to Tolkien's dragon Smaug?
 * well, in any case, chronologically, Zmeu was way before Smaug. :) IleanaCosanziana 00:13, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Etymology
The following is better here than in the article:
 * To further investigate: Given that both words "zmeu" and "balaur" are of slavic etymology, there might be some similarities between Romanian and slavic dragon myths.

--Error 23:31, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Balaur is not "of Slavic etymology". The standard references rightly consider it substratum. There is no pan-Slavic word which it could be derived from, and the Romanian word has cognates in Albanian and Daco-Thracian. See the -balus element in Decebalus, and the -balli element in the ethnonym Triballi, which probably meant "three dragons"; a three-headed/three-bodied dragon figure is common in Thracian artifacts (cf. Hoddenott, et al.). See the etymology in the Balaur article. --Decius 17:54, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * here it is the quote from Paliga:

zmeu, zmei s.m. An essential figure of Romanian folk beliefs and folk mytology, with various benefic and malefic attributes, usually represented as a subterranean male in search of a human wife. The form has been held for a Slavic borrowing, even if a many details reject it; it closely related with zmeur, zmeură (see), which is NOT the result of hazard. Sl. zmьjь ‘snake, serpent, dragon’, from a radical *zmin its turn reflecting the root for ‘earth’, is not easy to explain, as IE *g[h(dh)em- ‘earth’, zero grade *g[h(dh)m-, resulted in Old Slavic *zem- ‘earth’, whereas the root for ‘snake, dragon’, *zmьjь, raises major questions, as Machek correctly observed. The archaic meaning must have been ‘being living on EARTH’, i.e. ‘human’ (in its etymological meaning, from humus), hence ‘man’, as in Lithuanian, where – from the same etymon – there is žmuo ‘man, human’ (related with Prus. smoy ‘man’). The similarity between Romanian, which preserves a Thracian (substratum) element, and Baltic (Lithuanian and Prussian) is normal. The indigenous character of zmeu is also supported by some attested Thracian forms: Zimi-, Ziemi-, Zemoin compound forms like Zimi-kenthis, Ziem-ices, Zemo-kontes, Zym-drenos, Zym-zdrenos etc. As in other similar cases (see under sută), we surmise that Sl. zmьjь seems a borrowing from either a northern Thracian dialect, before expansion, or from Proto-Romanian, during the first phase of expansion (as definitely sută and kъmotra are). See also zmeur (ă). The relation between zmeu and zmeur(ă) is essential in understanding the archaic origin of these forms. • See also rezema, răzema (re-/ră-zema).

zmeur', -i s.m. and zmeură, -e s.f. The plant Rubus idaeus (zmeur) and its fruit (zmeură); ‘raspberry; hindberry’. Der.: zmeuriș ‘raspberry/ hindberry bush’. Indigenous, from IE *g[h(dh)em- ‘earth’, zero grade *g[h(dh)m- > Thr. *zmeur- > Rom. *zmeur-. Similarly Lith. žem-uoga ‘strawberry’ (the plant Fragaria) (from žemė ‘earth’, cf. zmeu above) and Germ. Erd-beere ‘id.’, from Erde ‘earth’, lit. ‘earth-berry’. These examples show that both strawberries and raspberries were initially associated to ‘earth’; they also support the association zmeu –zmeur(ă) in Romanian as substratum elements. Probably most linguists have assumed that the relation zmeu –zmeură is the result of hazard; the etymological analysis clearly shows that they are indeed related as Urverwandtschaft.

 * There is not a single instance of pan-Slavic borrowing from Romanian, per Vasmer and Pokorny. The citiation is a ridiculous specimen of provincial nationalism which characterizes a deplorable state of nascent Romanian linguistics. --Ghirlandajo 08:27, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * BTW, here's what Ciorănescu's etymological dictionary says about "zmeu" and "zmeură":
 * ZMEU, (I) zmei, s.m. (din sl. zmiĭ = zmeu; cf. bg. zmĕi, zmija, scr. zmaj)
 * ZMÉURĂ s.f. ~ (prob. dintr-o formă primitivă *smeu, cu pl. neutru smeuri, de unde forma de sg. prezentă; relaţia cu zmeu este posibilă, deşi nu pare clară şi nu explică nici echivalentul macedoromân asńură; etimonul *meulum < meum = acantă nu pare convingător; orig. neogreacă este improbabilă; este posibil să fie vorba despre o răd. sl. sm(r)- care indică un fruct sau obiect încreţit, cu zbârcituri, cf. rus. smoródina = coacăză, smorčok = zbârciog, smorstennyĭ = încreţit, sb. smigj, smrec, smreka = ienupăr, bg. smrăštjam = a încreţi – cf. smorodin; din rom. > ngr. σμέουρον, tc. izmavula)

 * Cioranescu's speculation ("este posibil sa fie vorba despre o rad. sl. sm(r)-") on the etymology of Zmeura is unconvincing and not the consensus. The etymon is unknown. ---Decius 16:54, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Decius, I think the most probable etymology is that "zmeu" was borrowed from Bulgarian "zmej" as plural "zmei" and the singular form was reconstructed. AFAIK, this is not the only word were this scenario was followed. bogdan | Talk 15:46, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The most probable etymology it may be, and it will be detailed. Regardless, I will still present Paliga's etymology, though I will note the problems with it. Even when I see a paper from another linguist (whatever his nationality) that totally refutes Paliga's etymology, Paliga's etymology will still be mentioned as an etymology that was once proposed. Ghirlandajo is behaving like a barbaric person from Asia, rather than a Wikipedian. ---Decius 15:52, 28 August 2005 (UTC)
 * you forget to add in account Paliga's bibliography - mainly Duridanov, who is very much a bulgarian linguist. IleanaCosanziana 00:23, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Romanian dragon
I think the title "Romanian dragon" is not very good because zmeu is not the only type of Romanian dragon, as we also have the balaur. We'd better move it back to zmeu. bogdan | Talk 20:21, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. To me a Balaur is as much a dragon as a Zmeu is. DEX even defines Balaur as "a Dragon", among its definitions. ---Decius 20:24, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Hercules
Hercules "retrieved" the golden apples only in the loosest sense; the apples grew in the Hesperides and were not stolen. Much closer analogies are: Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf, The Golden Bird, The Golden Mermaid, The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples. Though the zmeu does appear to be unique in that, from this article, it doesn't appear to be even bird-like. Goldfritha 17:55, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Zmeu and Vampires
Has the Zmeu been somehow linked to vampires? I have read that its been the case. Heres the excerpt I found. Zmeu= Area from/Nationality: Moldavia. Vampiric figure that takes the form of a flame and entered the room of a young girl or widow. Once inside the flame became a man who seduced her The Unbeholden (talk) 18:28, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Zmeu is an unhuman creature, like a big, tall, sturdy, disgusting ogre with reptilian skin, it has a great physical strength. Sometimes there are 3 zmeu brothers and Făt-Frumos must fight each one of them in order to : first the little one, then the middle one, last the older one, which is the most powerful. Sometimes a mother-zmeu is involved, if so, she is usually the strongest in the family. Unlike a zmeu, or zmeu-brothers which usually have only great physical strength, the mother-zmeu (and zmeu-daughters/daughters-in-law if ever involved) is much more frightful: she can morph into poisonous trees or fountains, or flowers, she can fly at high speed and blow fire or hot air etc. No connection with vampires. Unlike dragons, they are antropomorphic, although both are reptilians. --Alex:D (talk) 19:21, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

No matter
No matter how hard the Romanians try to prove that zmei is an Romanian or any other ancient fantasy word,it remains a non-sense and clear speculation. Daco-trakian languages are very unknown because they had no letter to write,and just a few tracian words are known for us."Zmei" is not from them. Zmei in russian, bulgarian and serbian languages means "snake". The word Zmei comes from the Slavic word for earth which is zemia. The root is proto-slavic rood "zm""zum". Zmei means a snake, or animal dwelling on the the earth (zemia),so that is called a zmei. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nix1129 (talk • contribs) 14:21, 29 January 2014 (UTC)

the zmei also were wearing armours and martels which they threw away and hanged on naildoors — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.27.104.111 (talk) 02:25, 1 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zmeu


text:
Talk:Doxapram

In accordance with WikiProject_Drugs naming policy, I propose we move this page to the INN doxapram. If you have any concern with this proposal, please discuss it on this page. Matt 16:12, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Mechanism of action
The addition of a pharmocodynamic section would benefit this article greatly. It would allow the reader to better understand the mechanism of action of Doxapram.

Edited second sentence of introduction/summary on this page. It initially read: "Administered intravenously, doxapram stimulates the respiratory rate, leading to an increase in tidal volume." As a second sentence, this immediately led me to distrust the rest of the article. An increase in resp rate (RR) does not *cause* an increase in tidal volume (Vt); in fact, it can do the reverse. (Increased RR (or Vt) does lead to an increase in *minute* volume (unless it's offset by another effect), but that is not what the sentence was saying). I checked various sources to ascertain doxapram's effect on RR and Vt. The March '08 British National Formulary, and Rang & Dale's Pharmacology 6th Ed. (2008) were silent. Drugs.com states the Vt increase is the primary effect, with RR increase taking a secondary role. As I did not want to change an introductory sentence on the basis of information from one other website (despite the weight of its source info (Physician's Desk Reference etc)), I also found a journal article on Doxapram in cats. . This found an increase in both Vt and RR (amongst other effects). Clearly, one still cannot be causal to the other.

I therefore settled for not explicity stating that one had a greater increase than the other, but did place Vt first, so as to insinuate its greater importance. I retained the correct hyperlinks, and removed the cause/effect wording, which appears to stem from a misunderstanding of Vt versus RR. Please amend if I am incorrect (I'm new to editing Wikipaedia)! Shane Wilde (talk) 08:02, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doxapram


text:
Duluth Huskies

The Duluth Huskies are an amateur baseball team playing in the Northwoods League, a collegiate summer baseball league. They have been operating in Duluth, Minnesota since 2003. The Huskies play home games at Wade Stadium in Duluth, which was built in 1941. The team plays 72 games throughout the summer, 36 home and 36 away. The team mascot is Harley D. Huskie. Huskies Games are streamed on Northwoods League TV.

Huskies in professional baseball
Joe Bisenius, who pitched for Duluth in 2003, became the first Huskies player to appear in the Major Leagues, when he pitched for the Philadelphia Phillies on April 5, 2007, against the Atlanta Braves.

The following is a list of Huskies players to appear in Major League Baseball.

 * Cody Asche, Huskies 2009–2010, Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago White Sox
 * Aaron Barrett, Huskies 2008, Washington Nationals
 * Joe Bisenius, Huskies 2003, Philadelphia Phillies, Washington Nationals
 * Steve Edlefsen, Huskies 2004, San Francisco Giants
 * Doug Mathis, Huskies 2004, Texas Rangers
 * Mark Melancon, Huskies 2004, New York Yankees, Houston Astros, Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Nationals, San Francisco Giants
 * Fernando Rodriguez, Huskies 2003, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Houston Astros, Oakland Athletics
 * Drew Smyly, Huskies 2009, Detroit Tigers, Tampa Bay Rays
 * Cal Stevenson (born 1996), baseball outfielder for the San Francisco Giants
 * Zach Walters, Huskies 2009, Washington Nationals, Cleveland Indians, Los Angeles Dodgers

title: Duluth Huskies


text:
User talk:Anandamatthur

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 16:12, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Image Tagging for Image:Jaganmohanpalace1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Jaganmohanpalace1.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 08:07, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Sunsetpoint.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Sunsetpoint.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 11:23, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Manageability solutions
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Manageability solutions, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add db-author to the top of Manageability solutions. Smerdis of Tlön (talk) 16:12, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Glow of hope
I have nominated Glow of hope, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Glow of hope. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. StarM 04:22, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Glow of Hope for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Glow of Hope is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Glow of Hope until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  DGG ( talk ) 06:17, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari

The article Karnata Bharata Kathamanjari has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Promotional article"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. » Shadowowl  |  talk  23:26, 15 August 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anandamatthur


text:
User talk:Sauronmaiar

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 16:14, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Sauronmaiar


text:
User talk:Shagmaestro/Old

You seem to have created a main page for yourself, which is against the rules. I suggest you delete this and move it to User:Shagmaestro. rossb 16:14, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shagmaestro/Old


text:
BLH

BLH can refer to:

 * Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton
 * Bellshill station - see UK railway stations - B
 * Blythe Airport, IATA code BLH
 * Brotha Lynch Hung, American hip hop artist
 * Bad Left Hook, an online boxing forum run by SB Nation

title: BLH


text:
Battle Royale II: Requiem

Battle Royale II: Requiem (バトル・ロワイアルII 鎮魂歌) is a 2003 Japanese dystopian action film directed by Kinji Fukasaku and Kenta Fukasaku, who co-wrote the screenplay with Norio Kida. It is the sequel to the 2000 film Battle Royale, which in turn was based on the 1999 novel of the same name by Koushun Takami. Unlike the first film, Requiem is an original story. It is set three years after the events of the previous film and follows Shuya Nanahara, who has now become an international terrorist intending to bring down the Japanese totalitarian government. As a result, another class of ninth graders is kidnapped and sent to eliminate Nanahara within a limited time period of 72 hours.

Director Kinji Fukasaku, who helmed the first film, started production but died of prostate cancer on January 12, 2003, after shooting only one scene with Beat Takeshi. His son Kenta Fukasaku, who wrote the screenplay for both films, completed it in his directorial debut and dedicated it to his father.

Battle Royale II: Requiem was theatrically released in Japan on July 2003, by Toei. In stark contrast to its predecessor, it drew negative reviews from critics and grossed $14.9 million against a budget of $9 million, less than half of what the previous film grossed with double the budget. In 2009, an extended version, entitled Revenge, which runs 20 minutes longer than the theatrical cut, was released on DVD. It included additional action, improved effects, slow motion shots, new score in several scenes, and a extended storyline.

Plot
Three years after the events of the first film, the survivors of previous Battles Royale have formed a rebel group called the Wild Seven, led by Shuya Nanahara. A class of ninth graders, composed of "a ragtag collection of delinquents and losers", are tricked into going onto a "field trip" and then kidnapped by the authoritarian Japanese government. Many of these students are orphans whose parents or family died in bombings by the Wild Seven. After their school bus is diverted to an army base, the students are herded into a cage, surrounded by armed guards, and confronted by their schoolteacher, Riki Takeuchi, who lays down the ground rules of the new Battle Royale game.

Instead of being forced to kill each other, as in the old Battle Royale, the students are sent off to war and ordered to attack the Wild Seven's island hideout en masse and kill Shuya within 72 hours. Most of the students are not interested in being forced to avenge their families, but they are coerced to fight through exploding metal collars, which their captors can detonate by remote control. The students are put into "pairs"; if one student dies, then his or her partner will be killed via collar detonation. Takeuchi shows them a line in the caged classroom: those who wish to participate are instructed to cross the line, while those who refuse to participate will face consequences. All students but one agree to participate. The one student who did not agree was shot in the leg and killed by the schoolteacher. His partner is then killed by her collar detonating.

The students are sent via boats onto the island base of the Wild Seven. A number of them are killed when they are bombed, shot, or have their collars detonated during the journey, leaving only a cluster alive. Two of the survivors are a delinquent, Takuma Aoi; and Shiori Kitano, the daughter of the "teacher" of a Battle Royale program who was killed by Shuya three years previously. Taken into the Wild Seven's base, the surviving students' explosive collars are removed and they are encouraged to help the Wild Seven end the Battle Royale for good. While most of the survivors agree, Takuma and Shiori remain unconvinced.

On Christmas Day, Shuya sends a video message to the world stating their goal to live free. In response to the video, the United States fires a missile upon the island, interrupting the students and the Wild Seven. Under pressure from the U.S. government, the Japanese prime minister takes command of the military present at the Battle Royale headquarters and orders an attack on the Wild Seven's base, with no survivors allowed – if they fail, the U.S. will bomb the island. Takeuchi is enraged by the change of actions and is discovered to have the same type of collar on his neck as the students.

The survivors of the base (including the surviving students, except Shiori) retreat to the mainland via a mine shaft while the war between the Wild Seven and the military occurs. Hearing the gunfire outside the tunnel, Takuma and two of his friends return to help in the fight. The combat takes numerous casualties on both sides, leaving Shuya, Takuma, and Shiori as the only remaining fighters. While they try to evacuate, Takeuchi appears and, after a brief personal exchange, allows the group to flee as he sacrifices himself.

Outside Wild Seven's base, the combat starts again and Shiori is mortally wounded by gunfire. Before she dies in Shuya's arms, she reveals herself as Kitano's daughter and seemingly forgives him for his past crimes. Shuya and Takuma run out to kill the rest of the soldiers while the U.S. bombardment begins. The program then ends on a voided status, listing the fates of Shuya and the surviving students as unknown. Three months later, Shuya and Takuma rejoin the other survivors, including Noriko Nakagawa, in Afghanistan. They have regrouped as friends, and what lies next for them remains unknown.

Cast

 * Tatsuya Fujiwara as Shuya Nanahara
 * Ai Maeda as Shiori Kitano
 * Shugo Oshinari as Takuma Aoi
 * Ayana Sakai as Nao Asakura
 * Haruka Suenaga as Haruka Kuze
 * Yuma Ishigaki as Mitsugu Sakai
 * Miyuki Kanbe as Kyoko Kakei
 * Nana Yanagisawa as Mayu Hasuda
 * Masaya Kikawada as Shintaro Makimura
 * Yōko Maki as Maki Souda
 * Yuki Ito as Ryo Kurosawa
 * Natsuki Kato as Saki Sakurai
 * Aki Maeda as Noriko Nakagawa
 * Riki Takeuchi as Riki Takeuchi
 * Sonny Chiba as Makio Mimura (Shinji's revolutionary uncle)
 * Ai Iwamura as Mai
 * Mika Kikuchi as Ayane Yagi
 * Beat Takeshi Kitano as Kitano
 * Yoshiko Mita as Takuma's Mother
 * Nanami Ohta as Hitoe Takeuchi
 * Takeru Shibaki as Shugo Urabe
 * Toshiyuki Toyonaga as Shota Hikasa
 * Masahiko Tsugawa as The Prime Minister

Production
Kenta Fukasaku said, "We never set out to make Harry Potter." He explains that he wanted audience members to ponder "big issues" and to view the world from a point of view held by a terrorist. Fukasaku added that the film, against "the new Matrix" and Terminator III, needed to "provide something that Hollywood can't." Fukasaku intended to provide an alternative to what Time magazine's Ilya Garger describes as "the moral certainty of American culture" as seen in U.S. films and foreign policy.

Kenta Fukasaku said that he viewed his task as finishing his deceased father's movie instead of as directing his first creation; the son credits the film as his father's. Kenta Fukasaku desired a lot of controversy and outrage for the sequel, adding that "the more strongly people react, the better." The film was mainly shot on Hashima Island ("Battleship Island").

Reception
Requiem received generally negative reviews from film critics. The film received a rating of 30% at Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews, and an average rating of 5.4/10. Many of the reviewers criticized the film for being inferior to the original, having a contrived, confusing plot line, its controversial, provocative sentiments, and generally bad acting.

Ilya Garger of Time said that while the film has more "bullets, bombs and dramatic battlefield deaths" than its predecessor had, the sequel does not have the "who'll-die-next-and-how suspense." Garger described the characters in Battle Royale II as "a simpler breed" who join forces to defeat the adults. One of the few positive reviews was from Jamie Russell of BBC who stated that the film "scrapes by on the strength of its startlingly subversive political commentary," wearing "its anti-American sentiments on its sleeve." Despite criticizing it for being "torturously overlong, resoundingly clunky and full of a bloated sense of its own importance," it concluded that "its decision to cast its heroes as teenage Al Qaeda-style terrorists fighting against a fascistic adult America is staggeringly bold."

Music
The sequel's soundtrack has more original work by Masamichi Amano and fewer classical pieces. One of them, Farewell to the Piano, is played by Shiori Kitano herself during the film.

The song from the opening credits is "Dies Irae", taken from the Verdi Requiem.

The end title song is by the Japanese punk band Stance Punks. The song "Mayonaka Shounen Totsugeki Dan" features on their first full-length, self-titled album.

Books
The book The Road to BRII (ISBN 4834252124) is a behind-the-scenes photo collection about the production of the movie. About ten tie-in books related to the movie have been released in Japan.

Related manga
A manga series called Battle Royale II: Blitz Royale is partially related to Battle Royale II: Requiem. The school in Blitz Royale is Shikanotoride Junior High School, and the "teacher" pops pills like Riki Takeuchi. There are numerous plot differences between the film and manga.

title: Battle Royale II: Requiem