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Kremlin Wall Necropolis

The Kremlin Wall Necropolis is the former national cemetery of the Soviet Union, located in Red Square in Moscow beside the Kremlin Wall. Burials there began in November 1917, when 240 pro-Bolsheviks who died during the Moscow Bolshevik Uprising were buried in mass graves. The improvised burial site gradually transformed into the centerpiece of military and civilian honor during the Second World War. It is centered on Lenin's Mausoleum, initially built in wood in 1924 and rebuilt in granite in 1929–30. After the last mass burial in Red Square in 1921, funerals there were usually conducted as state ceremonies and reserved as the final honor for highly venerated politicians, military leaders, cosmonauts, and scientists. In 1925–1927, burials in the ground were stopped; funerals were now conducted as burials of cremated ash in the Kremlin wall itself. Burials in the ground resumed with Mikhail Kalinin's funeral in 1946.

The Kremlin Wall was the de facto resting place of the Soviet Union's deceased national icons. Burial there was a status symbol among Soviet citizens. The practice of burying dignitaries at Red Square ended with the funeral of General Secretary Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985. The Kremlin Wall Necropolis was designated a protected landmark in 1974. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, citizens of the Russian Federation and many other former post-Soviet states continue to pay their respects to the national heroes at the Kremlin Wall.

Site

The eastern segment of the Kremlin wall, and Red Square behind it, emerged on its present site in the 15th century, during the reign of Ivan III; the wall and the square were separated with a wide defensive moat filled with water diverted from the Neglinnaya River. The moat was lined with a secondary fortress wall, and spanned by three bridges connecting the Kremlin to the posad. From 1707–08 Peter the Great, expecting a Swedish incursion deep into the Russian mainland, restored the moat around the Kremlin, cleared Red Square and built earthen fortifications around Nikolskaya and Spasskaya towers. From 1776 to 1787, Matvey Kazakov built the Kremlin Senate that today provides a backdrop for the present-day Necropolis.

Throughout the 18th century the unused, neglected fortifications deteriorated and were not properly repaired until the 1801 coronation of Alexander I. In one season the moat with bridges and adjacent buildings was replaced with a clean span of paved square. More reconstruction followed in the 19th century. The stretch of Kremlin wall south from Senate Tower was badly damaged in 1812 by the explosion at the Kremlin Arsenal set off by the retreating French troops. Nikolskaya tower lost its gothic crown which was erected in 1807–1808; Arsenalnaya tower developed deep cracks, leading to Joseph Bove proposing in 1813 the outright demolition of the towers to prevent the wall's imminent collapse. Eventually, the main structures of the towers were deemed sound enough to be left in place, and were topped with new tented roofs designed by Bove. Peter's bastions were razed (creating space for nearby Alexander Garden and Theatre Square), The Kremlin wall facing Red Square was rebuilt shallower than before, and acquired its present shape in the 1820s.

Burials from 1917 to 1927
Between the 1917 October Revolution and June 1927, the area outside the Kremlin wall between the Senate and Nikolskaya towers was used for mass and individual burials of people who had to some extent contributed to the socialist revolution or the Bolshevik cause. This included ordinary soldiers killed in battle, victims of the Civil War, militia men fallen while fighting anti-Bolsheviks and noted Bolshevik politicians, as well as individuals associated with creating the new Soviet society. Burial plots of the 1917–1927 period are currently organized into 15 landscaped grave sites with the names of the buried inscribed on black marble tablets.

Mass graves of 1917
In July 1917, hundreds of soldiers of the Russian Northern Front were arrested for mutiny and desertion and locked up in Daugavpils (then Dvinsk) fortress. Later, 869 Dvinsk inmates were transported to Moscow. Here, the jailed soldiers launched a hunger strike; public support for them threatened to develop into a citywide riot. On 22 September, 593 inmates were released; the rest were left behind bars until the October Revolution. The released soldiers, collectively called Dvintsy, stayed in the city as a cohesive unit, based in Zamoskvorechye District and openly hostile to the ruling Provisional Government. Immediately after the October Revolution in Saint Petersburg, Dvintsy became the strike force of the Bolsheviks in Moscow. Late at night on 27–28 October, a detachment of approximately two hundred men marching north to Tverskaya Street confronted the loyalist forces near the State Historical Museum on Red Square. During the fighting, 70 of the Dvintsy, including their company commander, Sapunov, were killed at the barricades.

The following day, loyalists led by Colonel Konstantin Ryabtsev succeeded in taking over the Kremlin. They gunned down the surrendered Red soldiers at the Kremlin Arsenal wall. More Red soldiers were killed as the Bolsheviks stormed the Kremlin, finally taking control on the night of 2–3 November. Street fighting tapered off after claiming nearly a thousand lives, and on 4 November the new Bolshevik administration decreed their dead would be buried at Red Square next to the Kremlin Wall, where indeed most of them were killed.

Voices reached us across the immense place, and the sound of picks and shovels. We crossed over. Mountains of dirt and rock were piled high near the base of the wall. Climbing these we looked down into two massive pits, ten or fifteen feet deep and fifty yards long, where hundreds of soldiers and workers were digging in the light of huge fires. A young student spoke to us in German. "The Brotherhood Grave," he explained.

– John Reed, Ten Days that Shook the World.

A total of 238 dead were buried in the mass graves between Senate and Nikolskaya towers in a public funeral on November 10 (John Reed incorrectly mentions 500); two more victims were buried on the 14 and 17 of November. The youngest, Pavel Andreyev, was 14 years old. Of 240 pro-revolution martyrs of the October–November fighting, only 20, including 12 of the Dvintsy, are identified in the official listing of the Moscow Heritage Commission. As of March 2009, three Moscow streets are still named after these individual victims, as well as Dvintsev Street named after the Dvintsy force.

The loyalists secured a permit to publicly bury their dead on 13 November. This funeral started at the old Moscow State University building near Kremlin; thirty-seven dead were interred at the Vsekhsvyatskoye Cemetery (now demolished) in the then-suburban Sokol District.

Burials of 1918–1927
Mass and individual burials in the ground under the Kremlin wall continued until the funeral of Pyotr Voykov in June 1927. In the first years of the Soviet regime, the honor of being buried on Red Square was extended to ordinary soldiers, Civil War victims, and Moscow militia men killed in clashes with anti-Bolsheviks (March–April 1918). In January 1918, the Red Guards buried the victims of a terrorist bombing in Dorogomilovo. In the same January White Guards fired on a pro-Bolshevik street rally; the eight victims were also buried under the Kremlin wall.

The largest single burial occurred in 1919. On 25 September, anarchists led by former socialist revolutionary Donat Cherepanov set off an explosion in a Communist Party school building in Leontyevsky Lane when Moscow party chief Vladimir Zagorsky was speaking to students. Twelve people, including Zagorsky, were killed and buried in a mass grave on Red Square.

Another unusual incident was the 24 July 1921 crash of the Aerowagon, an experimental (and not fully tested) high-speed railcar fitted with an aircraft engine and propeller traction. On the day of the crash, it delivered a group of Soviet and foreign communists led by Fyodor Sergeyev to the Tula collieries, but on the return trip to Moscow, the aerowagon derailed at high speed, killing 7 of the 22 people on board, including its inventor Valerian Abakovsky. This was the last mass burial in the ground of Red Square.

Yakov Sverdlov, who died in 1919, allegedly from the Spanish flu, was buried in an individual grave near the Senate tower. This area would later include eleven more individual graves of top-ranking Soviet leaders (see Individual tombs section). Sverdlov was followed by John Reed, Inessa Armand, Viktor Nogin and other notable Bolsheviks and their foreign allies. Interment in the Kremlin wall, apart from its location next to the seat of government, was also seen as a statement of atheism, while burial in the ground at a traditional cemetery next to a church was deemed inappropriate for a Bolshevik. For the same reason, cremation, then prohibited by the Russian Orthodox Church, was preferred to burial in a coffin and favored by Lenin and Trotsky – though Lenin expressed the wish to be buried next to his mother in St. Petersburg. The new government had sponsored the construction of crematoria since 1919, but the first burial of cremated remains in a niche in the wall did not take place until 1925.

Mausoleum, 1924–1961
Vladimir Lenin died of a stroke on 21 January 1924. While his body lay in state in the Pillar Hall of the House of the Unions, the Politburo discussed ways to preserve it, initially for forty days, despite objections from his widow and siblings. Joseph Stalin gave instructions to install a vault for Lenin's embalmed remains inside the Kremlin wall, and on 27 January, Lenin's casket was deposited in a temporary wooden vault built in a single day. The first proper Mausoleum was built of wood in March–July 1924 and officially opened on August 1 (foreign visitors were allowed inside on August 3). The contest to design and build a new, permanent, Mausoleum was announced in April 1926; construction of Alexey Shchusev's winning design began in July 1929 and was completed in sixteen months. The Mausoleum has since functioned as a government reviewing stand during public parades.

The glass sarcophagus of Lenin's tomb was twice vandalized by visitors, in 1959 and 1969, leading to installation of a bulletproof glass shell. It was bombed twice, in 1963, when the terrorist was the sole victim, and in 1973, when an explosion killed the terrorist and two bystanders.

The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia has petitioned Russia to dismantle the cult of personality and bury Lenin's body, seeking to "rid Red Square of the remains of the main persecutor and executioner of the 20th century," although the Russian Orthodox Church demurs.

As of 2022, Lenin's body remains in the Mausoleum, excluding the period of evacuation to Tyumen during 1941–1945.

Stalin's mummy
Two days after Joseph Stalin's death, the Politburo decreed that his remains would be placed on display in the Mausoleum; it officially reopened in November 1953 with Lenin and Stalin side by side. Another plan decreed in March 1953, but never implemented, called for construction of a Pantheon in which the bodies of Lenin and Stalin would be eventually relocated. Eight years later, following the de-Stalinization of the Khrushchev Thaw, removal of Stalin's body from the Mausoleum was unanimously sanctioned by the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party. On 31 October 1961, the Mausoleum was quickly covered with plywood. Red Square itself was closed as a matter of routine, in preparation for the 7 November parade. Stalin's remains were quickly re-interred in a deep grave, lined with concrete blocks, behind the Mausoleum; the ceremony was attended only by the state commission led by Nikolay Shvernik. Harold Skilling, who visited the Mausoleum in November of the same year, noted that "everyone was so curious to see the new grave of Stalin... Unlike others, his [grave] was not yet graced by a bust and was marked only by a tablet with the name I.V. Stalin and dates of birth and death". The existing tomb of Stalin carved by Nikolai Tomsky was installed in June 1970.

Ashes, 1925–1984
The first person to be cremated and interred in an urn in the Kremlin wall, 45-year-old former People's Commissar of Finance Miron Vladimirov, died in Italy in March 1925. The procedure for dealing with human remains in an urn was still unfamiliar at the time, and Vladimirov's urn was carried to his grave in an ordinary coffin.

Between 1925 and the opening of the Donskoye Cemetery crematorium in October 1927, interments in the wall and burials in the ground coexisted together; the former was preferred for foreign dignitaries of the Comintern (Jenő Landler, Bill Haywood, Arthur MacManus, Charles Ruthenberg) while the latter was granted only to top Party executives (Mikhail Frunze, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Nariman Narimanov and Pyotr Voykov).

Initially, the bodies of the deceased were laid in state in the Kremlin's halls, but with the tightening of security in the late 1920s, the official farewell station was relocated to the House of the Unions' "Pillar Hall" on Okhotny Ryad (where Lenin lay in state in 1924) and remained there until the end of the Soviet state. Burials initially took place to the north of the Senate tower, switching to the south side in 1934 and returning to the north side in 1977 (with a few exceptions). Interments in the wall were strictly individual; spouses and children of those interred in the wall had to be buried elsewhere. There were only three instances of group burials: the three-man crew of the Osoaviakhim-1 high-altitude balloon in 1934, the crew of a MiG-15UTI crash in 1968 (Gagarin and Seryogin), and the three-man crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft in 1971. In total, the wall accommodates the graves of 107 men and 8 women. No remains interred in the wall were ever removed from it, including those of the people posthumously accused of "fascist conspiracy" (Sergei Kamenev) or political repressions (Andrey Vyshinsky).

Under Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev, the honor of interment in the Kremlin wall was awarded posthumously by the Politburo. When members of the Politburo were not available immediately, Mikhail Suslov had the first call. Brezhnev overruled Suslov's decision at least once, voting to bury Semyon Budenny in an individual grave. There were also at least two known cases when groups of professionals pressed the government to extend special honors to their deceased colleagues:
 * In June 1962, following the death of Army General Andrey Khrulyov, a group of marshals pressed the Politburo to bury Khrulyov in the Kremlin wall. Normally, generals of his rank were not entitled to this honor; Khrushchev was known to dislike Khrulyov and suggested burying him in Novodevichy Cemetery. The military prevailed, and Khrulyov was buried on Red Square.
 * In January 1970 the official decision to bury Pavel Belyayev in Novodevichy Cemetery, already made public through newspapers, was confronted by fellow cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova, Alexei Leonov, and Vladimir Shatalov who insisted that Belyaev deserved a place in the Kremlin wall like Yuri Gagarin. According to Nikolai Kamanin's diaries, the cosmonauts, Shatalov in particular, pressed the issue despite knowing that the decision was made by Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin and that the funeral commission would not dare to challenge it. Belyaev was buried as planned in Novodevichy. According to an alternative version of events, the choice of Novodevichy was decided by his widow's will before the official decision was published.
 * In September 1971, Nikita Khrushchev's family requested that the Soviet government bury Khrushchev in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. The Soviet government declined the offer; instead, Khrushchev was given a private state funeral and buried in Novodevichy Cemetery.
 * In December 1971, Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery. According to former Soviet Chairman Anastas Mikoyan, this was because Andrey Andreyev wanted to be buried next to his wife there.
 * In July 1989, Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko was offered a grave in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, but at the request of his family he was not buried near the Moscow Kremlin Wall but instead at the Novodevichy Cemetery.
 * In September 2022, Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union, was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery. Even though Gorbachev was granted approval by Russian presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin to be buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, Gorbachev was buried in Novodevichy Cemetery in the same grave as his wife Raisa, as requested by his will.

On 26 April 1967, cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov, who had died in the crash of his Soyuz 1 space capsule, was given a state funeral in Moscow, and his ashes were interred in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Komarov was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin (for the second time) and the order of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The last person to be buried in the Kremlin wall was Minister of Defence Dmitriy Ustinov in December 1984.

Individual tombs, 1919–1985
The row of individual tombs behind the Mausoleum began to acquire its present shape after the end of World War II. Sergei Merkurov created the first five tombs, for the recently deceased Mikhail Kalinin and Andrey Zhdanov, as well as for Yakov Sverdlov, Mikhail Frunze and Felix Dzerzhinsky who had died decades earlier. Grey granite stands that separate Red Square from the wall were built in the same period. In 1947 Merkurov proposed rebuilding the Mausoleum into a sort of "Pergamon Altar" that would become a foreground to a statue of Stalin placed atop Senatskaya tower. Dmitry Chechulin, Vera Mukhina and others spoke against the proposal and it was soon dropped.

There are, in total, twelve individual tombs; all, including the four burials of the 1980s, are shaped similar to the canonical Merkurov's model. All twelve are considered to have died of natural causes, although some, such as Frunze, had unusual circumstances associated with their deaths. Konstantin Chernenko, who died in March 1985, became the last person to be buried on Red Square. Former head of state Andrei Gromyko, who died in July 1989, was offered burial in the Necropolis near his predecessors but was eventually buried at the Novodevichy cemetery at the request of his family.

The Kremlin wall and the stands erected in the 1940s were traditionally separated with a line of blue spruce (Picea pungens), a tree not occurring naturally in Russia. In August–September 2007 the aging trees, with few exceptions, were cut down and replaced with young trees. A Federal Protective Service spokesman explained that the previous generation of spruce, planted in the 1970s, suffered from the dryness of the urban landscape; 28 old but sound trees were handpicked for replanting inside the Kremlin. New trees were selected from the nurseries of Altai Mountains, Russian Far East and "some foreign countries". The FPS spokesman also mentioned that in Nikita Khrushchev's period there were plans to plant a fruit garden around the Mausoleum, but the proposal was rejected in fear of fruit flies.

Debate and preservation
Public discussion on closing the Mausoleum emerged shortly after the breakup of the Soviet Union, with opinions ranging from simply burying Lenin in Saint Petersburg as he had requested, to taking the mummy on a commercial world tour. After the climax of the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, President Boris Yeltsin removed the honor guard from the Mausoleum (former Post no.1, see Kremlin Regiment) and voiced his opinion that Lenin should eventually be buried in the ground. The decision was supported by the Public Committee of Democratic Organisations. By 1995, Yeltsin had "moved to the nationalist center", using the Mausoleum as a government stand like previous state leaders; in 1997, he reiterated the claim to bury Lenin.

Proposals to remove the Necropolis from Red Square altogether met with far more public opposition and did not come to fruition either. Despite the Russian government's efforts to relocate Lenin's tomb and Soviet monuments from the Kremlin, support of both Lenin and the Soviet Union remained steadfast among the Russian populace. Public opinion on preserving the remains of Lenin in their embalmed state was split but leaned towards burial. A late 2008 VTsIOM poll found that 66% of the respondents supported a funeral in a traditional cemetery, including 28% of those who believed that the funeral should be postponed until the communist generation passes away. 25% of the respondents thought the body should be preserved in the Mausoleum. In October 2005, 51% of respondents had expressed support for a funeral and 40% for preservation.

title: Kremlin Wall Necropolis


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Gunnison

Gunnison may refer to:
 * Foster Gunnison Jr. (1925–1994), American LGBT rights activist and independent archivist
 * John W. Gunnison (1812–1853), American explorer whose name is used in several places in the Western states
 * The Gunnison River in Colorado
 * Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park
 * Gunnison, Colorado
 * Gunnison County, Colorado
 * Gunnison, Mississippi
 * Gunnison, Utah
 * Gunnison Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah

Other places

 * Gunnison Beach, Sandy Hook, New Jersey

Other uses

 * Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni Baird 1855)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gunnison


text:
Lyndon

Lyndon may refer to:

Places

 * Lyndon, Alberta, Canada
 * Lyndon, Rutland, East Midlands, England
 * Lyndon, Solihull, West Midlands, England

United States

 * Lyndon, Illinois
 * Lyndon, Kansas
 * Lyndon, Kentucky
 * Lyndon, New York
 * Lyndon, Ohio
 * Lyndon, Pennsylvania
 * Lyndon, Vermont
 * Lyndon, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Lyndon, Juneau County, Wisconsin, a town

Other uses

 * Lyndon State College, a public college located in Lyndonville, Vermont

People

 * Lyndon (name), given name and surname

title: Lyndon


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Floriana amateur football club

Floriana amateur football club was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Tempted to speedy this but I guess it will have to wend it's way through vfd. Nothing but an address for an amateur sports group. --LeeHunter 15:34, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * entire content is The Floriana Amateur Football Club has at its clubhouse at No 3, Triq il-Konservatorju, Floriana.; delete Dunc|☺ 19:47, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Speedy delete under criterion 4: Very short articles with little or no context. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 21:08, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, stub without context. Wyss 21:42, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted. Jayjg 22:36, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Megan1967 23:37, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Moorhead

Moorhead may refer to:
 * Moorhead, Minnesota, United States

Moorhead may also refer to:

Other places
In the United States:
 * Moorhead, Iowa
 * Moorhead, Mississippi

Other uses

 * Moorhead (surname)
 * Accrington Moorhead Sports College, Lancashire, UK
 * Minnesota State University Moorhead, USA

title: Moorhead


text:
Mount Morris

Mount Morris may refer to:

United States

 * Mount Morris, Illinois
 * Mount Morris, Michigan
 * Mount Morris (New York), a mountain
 * Mount Morris (town), New York
 * Mount Morris (village), New York
 * Mount Morris, Pennsylvania
 * Mount Morris, Wisconsin, a town
 * Mount Morris (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Mount Morris Township, Ogle County, Illinois
 * Mount Morris Township, Michigan
 * Mount Morris Township, Minnesota

Other places

 * Mount Morris (Antarctica)

People

 * Mount Etna Morris (1900-1988), U.S. politician

Other

 * Mount Morris College, Illinois
 * Mount Morris Dam, New York
 * Mount Morris Park Historic District, Harlem, New York city

title: Mount Morris


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Rose Hill

Rose Hill may refer to:

People

 * Rose Hill (actress) (1914–2003), British actress
 * Rose Hill (athlete) (born 1956), British wheelchair athlete

Film

 * Rose Hill (film), a 1997 movie

Australia

 * Rose Hill, New South Wales
 * Rose Hill, Queensland, on Thursday Island

Bermuda

 * Rose Hill, Bermuda, the former location of Admiralty House

Canada

 * Rose Hill, Ontario, a community in Addington Highlands

Hungary

 * Rose Hill, Budapest, the Rózsadomb district of Budapest

Mauritius

 * Beau Bassin-Rose Hill, a large commercial town

United Kingdom

 * Rose Hill, Buckinghamshire, a community in Burnham
 * Rose Hill, Derby, an inner city suburb
 * Rose Hill, the former name of Brightling Park, East Sussex
 * Rose Hill, Lancashire, an area of Burnley
 * Rose Hill Marple railway station, Stockport, Greater Manchester
 * Rose Hill, Oxfordshire, a city council estate near Oxford
 * Rose Hill, Suffolk, an area of Ipswich

United States

 * Rose Hill, Alabama
 * Rose Hill, Illinois
 * Rose Hill, Indiana, an extinct community
 * Rose Hill, Iowa
 * Rose Hill, Kansas
 * Rose Hill, Jasper County, Mississippi
 * Rose Hill, Warren County, Mississippi
 * Rose Hill, Missouri
 * Rose Hill, Manhattan, a neighborhood in New York City
 * Rose Hill, New York
 * Rose Hill, North Carolina
 * Rose Hill, Ohio
 * Rose Hill, Garland, Texas, an area annexed by Garland in 1970
 * Rose Hill, Harris County, Texas, an unincorporated area
 * Rose Hill, San Jacinto County, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Rose Hill, Albemarle County, Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Rose Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia, a census-designated place
 * Rose Hill, Lee County, Virginia, a census-designated place
 * Rose Hill, Rappahannock County, Virginia, an unincorporated community

United Kingdom

 * Rose Hill, Northenden, a 19th-century Victorian villa in Northenden, Manchester, England

United States

 * Rose Hill (Milledgeville, Georgia), a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)-listed house and the home of Lockerly Arboretum in Milledgeville, Georgia
 * Rose Hill station, a former commuter railroad station on the present-day Union Pacific / North Line in Chicago, Illinois
 * Rose Hill (Iowa City, Iowa), a NRHP-listed in Johnson County, Iowa
 * Rose Hill (Lexington, Kentucky), NRHP-listed in Fayette County, Kentucky
 * Rose Hill (Louisville, Kentucky), NRHP-listed in Kentucky
 * Rose Hill (Chestertown, Maryland), NRHP-listed in Kent County, Maryland
 * Rose Hill (Earleville, Maryland), NRHP-listed in Cecil County, Maryland
 * Rose Hill (Port Tobacco, Maryland), NRHP-listed in Charles County, Maryland
 * Rose Hill (Williamsport, Maryland), NRHP-listed in Washington County, Maryland
 * Rose Hill Manor, NRHP-listed in Frederick County, Maryland
 * Rose Hill Mansion, NRHP-listed in Fayette, New York
 * Rose Hill (Guilderland, New York), NRHP-listed in Albany County, New York
 * Rose Hill, an estate and Tuscan-style villa in Tivoli, New York
 * Rose Hill (Grassy Creek, North Carolina), NRHP-listed in Granville County, North Carolina
 * Rose Hill (Locust Hill, North Carolina), NRHP-listed in Caswell County, North Carolina
 * Rose Hill (Louisburg, North Carolina), NRHP-listed in Franklin County, North Carolina
 * Rose Hill (Nashville, North Carolina), NRHP-listed in Nash County, North Carolina
 * Rose Hill and Community House, Bay Village, NRHP-listed in Cuyahoga County, Ohio
 * Rose Hill (Union, South Carolina), NRHP-listed in Union County, South Carolina
 * Rose Hill Plantation House, NRHP-listed in Bluffton, South Carolina
 * Rose Hill (Port Arthur, Texas), NRHP-listed in Jefferson County, Texas
 * Rose Hill (Capron, Virginia), NRHP-listed in Southampton County, Virginia
 * Rose Hill (Front Royal, Virginia), NRHP-listed in Warren County, Virginia
 * Phelps House (Aiken, South Carolina), also called Rose Hill Estate, NRHP-listed in Aiken County, South Carolina

title: Rose Hill


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Thurston

Thurston may refer to:

Antarctica

 * Thurston Glacier, Marie Byrd Land
 * Thurston Island, off Ellsworth Land

United Kingdom

 * Thurston, Suffolk, England, a village and parish
 * Thurston railway station

United States

 * Thurston County, Nebraska
 * Thurston, Nebraska, a village
 * Thurston, New York, a town
 * Thurston, Ohio, a village
 * Thurston, Oregon (disambiguation), several places
 * Thurston County, Washington
 * Thurston Creek, Washington
 * Thurston Lake, California, United States

People and fictional characters

 * Thurston (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname

Schools

 * Thurston Community College, a co-educational secondary school and sixth form in Thurston, Suffolk, England
 * Thurston High School, Springfield, Oregon, United States
 * Lee M. Thurston High School, Redford, Michigan, United States
 * Thurston Elementary School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Other uses

 * Thurston Gardens, botanical gardens in Suva, Fiji
 * Thurston House (disambiguation), several houses on the US National Register of Historic Places
 * Thurston's Hall, a former snooker and billiards venue in London
 * USS Thurston, a World War II troop transport

title: Thurston


text:
CRI

CRI or CRi may refer to:

Organizations

 * Canadian Rivers Institute, for river sciences, University of New Brunswick
 * Cancer Research Institute, New York, US
 * Centro de Relaciones Internacionales (International Relations Center), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
 * Crime Reduction Initiatives, later Change, Grow, Live, England and Wales
 * Charlotte Research Institute, a technology-focused partnership, US
 * China Radio International
 * Christian Research Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, US
 * Community Rowing, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, US
 * Croce Rossa Italiana, the Italian Red Cross
 * Crown Research Institutes, New Zealand

Businesses

 * CRI Middleware, a Japanese software developer
 * Carbon Recycling International, Iceland
 * Composers Recordings, Inc., a former US record label
 * Computer Resources International, a Danish aerospace company

Places

 * Costa Rica, ISO 3166-1 code

Buildings

 * Cardiff Royal Infirmary, Wales
 * Cricklewood railway station, London, England, station code

Science and technology

 * Color rendering index, of a light source

Other uses

 * Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a former secessionist government
 * CRi, Canadian electronic musician

title: CRI


text:
Wilkes

Wilkes may refer to:

Places

 * Wilkes, Portland, Oregon, a US neighborhood
 * Wilkes County, Georgia
 * Wilkes County, North Carolina
 * Wilkes Basin, George V Land, Antarctica
 * Wilkes Station, Antarctica, a research station
 * Battery Wilkes, a historic artillery battery in West Ashley, Charleston, South Carolina
 * Wilkes Power Plant, Jefferson, Texas, an electrical power station

Schools in the United States

 * Wilkes University, Pennsylvania
 * Wilkes Community College, Wilkesboro, North Carolina
 * Wilkes Honors College, Florida

People

 * John Wilkes, English radical journalist and politician in the late 18th century.
 * Wilkes (surname), other people with the surname
 * Wilkes Angel (1817–1889), New York lawyer and politician
 * Wilkes C. Robinson (1925–2015), judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims from 1987 to 1997

Other uses

 * USS Wilkes, several US Navy vessels
 * Wilkes (horse) (born 1952), Australian thoroughbred

title: Wilkes


text:
Artesia

Artesia is the historical Latin and Spanish name of Artois in northern France. The name ultimately derived from the Belgic tribe the Atrebates. The county gave its name to Artesian wells, which were drilled there since the 12th century.

Artesia may also refer to:

Places

 * Botswana
 * Artisia
 * United States
 * Artesia, California
 * Artesia, Colorado (obsolete name for the town of Dinosaur, Colorado)
 * Artesia, Mississippi
 * Artesia, New Mexico
 * Artesia Wells, Texas
 * Artesia Beach, Wisconsin

Companies

 * Artesia Digital Media Group, a Digital Asset Management software company owned by Open Text
 * Artesia Banking Corporation since March 2001 a sub of Dexia Bank
 * Banque Artesia Nederland since October 2006 a sub of GE Commercial Finance
 * Artesia (railways), a French-Italian train company

Other

 * Artesia High School located in Artesia, New Mexico
 * Artesia High School located in Lakewood, California
 * Artesia (comics), a comic book series
 * Artesia: Adventures in the Known World, role-playing game based on Artesia comic book series
 * Artesia Som Deikun, better known as Sayla Mass, a fictional character in Mobile Suit Gundam anime series

title: Artesia


text:
Wentworth

Wentworth may refer to:

People

 * Wentworth (surname)
 * Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth (1873–1957), Lady Wentworth, notable Arabian horse breeder
 * S. Wentworth Horton (1885–1960), New York state senator
 * Wentworth Miller (born 1972), American actor
 * William Wentworth (1790–1872), Australian pastoralist, explorer, newspaper editor, lawyer, politician and author in early colonial New South Wales

Australia

 * Division of Wentworth, an electoral district in the Australian House of Representatives in New South Wales
 * Electoral district of Wentworth, a former electoral district in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
 * Wentworth, New South Wales, a town
 * Wentworth Gaol, former prison in New South Wales

Canada

 * Ski Wentworth, a ski hill in Wentworth, Nova Scotia, Canada
 * Wentworth, Nova Scotia, a rural community
 * Wentworth, Quebec, a township municipality
 * Wentworth County, Ontario, a defunct county
 * Wentworth (electoral district), a former riding in the Canadian House of Commons
 * Wentworth (provincial electoral district). a former riding in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
 * Wentworth, Calgary, a community in Calgary, Alberta

South Africa

 * Wentworth, KwaZulu-Natal, a township of Durban

United Kingdom

 * Wentworth, Cambridgeshire, a village
 * Wentworth Club, a golf club in Surrey
 * Wentworth College, York, a college of the University of York
 * Wentworth Estate, Surrey
 * Wentworth, South Yorkshire, a village and civil parish
 * Wentworth (UK Parliament constituency), an electoral district in South Yorkshire
 * Wentworth Woodhouse, a Grade I listed country house in the village of Wentworth, and the largest private house in the UK

United States

 * Wentworth by the Sea (formerly the Hotel Wentworth), a historic hotel in New Castle, New Hampshire
 * Wentworth Institute of Technology, a college in Boston, Massachusetts
 * Wentworth Military Academy and College, a boarding school and college in Lexington, Missouri
 * Wentworth, Missouri, a village
 * Wentworth, New Hampshire, a town
 * Wentworth, North Carolina, a town
 * Wentworth Mansion, Charleston, South Carolina, a historic hotel
 * Wentworth, South Dakota, a village
 * Wentworth, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Ships

 * Wentworth, a British cargo ship built in 1913 and sunk in 1917
 * SS Wentworth (1919), a British cargo ship built in 1919 and sunk in 1943
 * HMCS Wentworth, a Canadian frigate launched in 1943 and scrapped in 1947

Television

 * Wentworth (TV series), an Australian television drama series, a reimagining of Prisoner (see below)
 * Wentworth Detention Centre, in the Australian television series Prisoner

Other uses

 * Baron Wentworth, a title in the Peerage of England
 * J.G. Wentworth, a financial services firm

title: Wentworth


text:
Burlingame

Burlingame may refer to:

People

 * Alvah W. Burlingame Jr. (1879–1952), New York politician
 * Anson Burlingame, 19th-century American diplomat; a US–China treaty was named after him, along with towns in California and Kansas
 * Charles Burlingame, the pilot of American Airlines Flight 77 before it was hijacked and flown into the Pentagon on 9/11
 * Creed Burlingame, United States Navy submarine commander during World War II
 * Debra Burlingame, sister of Charles Burlingame and World Trade Center Memorial Foundation board member
 * Emeline S. Burlingame (1836–1923; pen name, "Aunt Stomly"), American editor, evangelist, suffragist
 * Frank Burlingame, American professional baseball umpire
 * Hardin Jasper Burlingame (1852–1915), American magician and magic historian
 * Jeff Burlingame, American author and editor
 * Merrill G. Burlingame (1901–1994), Professor of History, Montana State University

Places

 * Burlingame, California, United States
 * Burlingame High School (California)
 * Burlingame station on the Caltrain railway line
 * Burlingame, San Diego, a neighborhood of San Diego, California
 * Burlingame, Kansas, United States
 * Burlingame High School (Kansas)
 * Burlingame State Park, Rhode Island, United States
 * Burlingame, Portland, Oregon, a neighborhood

Other

 * Burlingame Treaty, an 1868 treaty between the United States and China

title: Burlingame


text:
Cass

Cass may refer to:

People and fictional characters

 * Cass (surname), a list of people
 * Cass (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
 * Big Cass, ring name of wrestler William Morrissey
 * Cass, in British band Skunk Anansie
 * Cass, British singer, artist name of Brian Cassar
 * Henri Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist, standard author abbreviation "Cass."
 * Kevin Cassidy (born 1981), Gaelic footballer often referred to as "Cass"

United States

 * Cass, Indiana, an unincorporated community
 * Cass, Michigan, a ghost town
 * Cass, West Virginia, a census-designated place
 * Cass Scenic Railroad State Park, in West Virginia
 * Cass County (disambiguation)
 * Bartow County, Georgia, formerly Cass County
 * Cass Township (disambiguation)
 * Fort Cass, in present-day Tennessee, 19th century US Army fortification

New Zealand

 * Cass, New Zealand, a locality

Greenland

 * Cass Fjord

Multiple countries

 * Cass Lake (disambiguation)
 * Cass River (disambiguation)

Schools

 * Cass Business School, London
 * Cass High School (disambiguation), several high schools
 * Cass Technical High School, Detroit, Michigan

CASS

 * Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
 * Centre for Aerospace and Security Studies
 * Coding Accuracy Support System

 * Committee for the Advancement of Scientific Skepticism, a Canadian organization
 * Cargo Accounts Settlement Systems of the International Air Transport Association
 * CASS microscopy : Collective Accumulation of Single Scattering microscopy

Other uses

 * Cass (1978 film), an Australian television film
 * Cass (2008 film), a British crime drama
 * Cass, a brand of beer from the South Korean company Oriental Brewery
 * Cass identity model, theory of gay and lesbian identity development
 * Cass (painting), a 1936 painting by Rita Angus

title: Cass


text:
Werewolf (disambiguation)

A werewolf, in folklore, is a person who changes into a wolf.

Werewolf may also refer to:

Film and television

 * The Werewolf (1913 film), a 1913 American silent film
 * The Werewolf (1956 film), a 1956 American film
 * Werewolf (1996 film), a direct-to-video horror film featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000
 * Werewolf (2016 film), a 2016 Canadian film
 * Werewolf (2018 film), a 2018 Polish film screened at the 2019 Toronto After Dark Film Festival
 * Werewolf (TV series), an American horror series on Fox network from 1987
 * "Werewolves" (CSI), a 2006 sixth season episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

Music

 * "Werewolf", a song by Fiona Apple from The Idler Wheel...
 * "Werewolf", a song by Michael Hurley from Armchair Boogie, covered by Cat Power on You Are Free
 * "Werewolf", a song by CocoRosie
 * "Werewolf", a song by the Five Man Electrical Band
 * "Werewolf", a song by Krokus from Painkiller
 * "Werewolf", by Lil Uzi Vert from Pink Tape, 2023
 * "The Werewolf", a song by Paul Simon from Stranger to Stranger
 * The Werewolfs, a band featuring Derf Scratch

Literature

 * Werewolf (Dell Comics), a 1966-1967 character
 * Werewolf by Night, a Marvel Comics character debuting in 1972
 * The Werewolf, a 1933 treatise by Montague Summers
 * Werewolf (DC Comics), a comics supervillain in the DC Universe

Games

 * Werewolf (social deduction game), a party game
 * Werewolf: The Apocalypse, a role-playing game
 * Werewolf: The Forsaken, a role-playing game, its successor
 * Werewolf: The Last Warrior, a video game for Nintendo Entertainment System
 * Werewolf (Dungeons & Dragons), a lycanthrope in the Dungeons & Dragons game

Other uses

 * Kamov Ka-50, a helicopter
 * VMFA-122, a U.S. Marine Corps squadron
 * Libahunt ("The Werewolf"), a 1912 Estonian play written by August Kitzberg
 * Werewolf, a codename for a Fedora operating system release
 * Werewolf, a variant of the Wolfsangel symbol

title: Werewolf (disambiguation)


text:
Marks, Russia

Marks (Маркс), also spelled Marx, named after Karl Marx, is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located 60 km northeast of Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:

It was previously known as Baronsk, Katharinenstadt (until 1920), Marxstadt (until 1941).

History
It was founded in 1767 as a Volga German community called Baronsk (Баронск), named so because the Dutchman Ferdinand Baron Caneau de Beauregard, who was a baron, founded the city. It was soon renamed Katharinenstadt (Екатериненштадт; Yekaterinenshtadt, Jekaterinenstadt; 1915 - 1920 Yekaterinograd), after Catherine the Great. In 1918, it was granted town status and was the location for the administration of the Labour Commune of Volga Germans. It was renamed Marxstadt in 1919 (Марксштадт; Marksshtadt), after Karl Marx. In 1941, during the resettlement of Germans, the town was given its present name.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Marks serves as the administrative center of Marksovsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Marks Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Marks Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated within Marksovsky Municipal District as Marks Urban Settlement.

title: Marks, Russia


text: User talk:146.145.17.2

title: User talk:146.145.17.2


text:
Dwight

Dwight may refer to:

People and fictional characters

 * Dwight (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
 * Dwight (surname), a list of people

Canada

 * Dwight, Ontario, village in the township of Lake of Bays, Ontario

United States

 * Dwight (neighborhood), part of an historic district in New Haven, Connecticut
 * Dwight, Illinois, a village
 * Dwight, Kansas, a city
 * Dwight, Massachusetts, a village
 * Dwight, Michigan, an unincorporated community
 * Dwight, Nebraska, a village
 * Dwight, North Dakota, a city
 * Dwight Township, Livingston County, Illinois
 * Dwight Township, Michigan

Other uses

 * Dwight Airport, a public-use airport north of Dwight, Illinois
 * Dwight Correctional Center, a maximum security prison for adult females in Illinois
 * Dwight School, New York City

title: Dwight


text:
Green Valley

Green Valley is a common place name in English. It may refer to:

Antarctica

 * Green Valley (Antarctica), in the Thiel Mountains

Australia

 * Green Valley, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney

Brazil

 * Green Valley, nightclub in Camboriú, Brazil.

California

 * Green Valley, El Dorado County, California, a former settlement
 * Green Valley, Los Angeles County, California, a census-designated place
 * Green Valley, (Cuyamaca Mountains, California), in San Diego County
 * Green Valley, Solano County, California, a census-designated place
 * Green Valley, former name of Greenwood, El Dorado County, California
 * Green Valley of Russian River Valley AVA, an American Viticultural Area in Sonoma County
 * Green Valley Creek, a stream in Sonoma County
 * Green Valley Acres, California, an unincorporated community in El Dorado County

Wisconsin

 * Green Valley, Marathon County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Green Valley, Shawano County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Green Valley (CDP), Wisconsin, an unincorporated census-designated place in the town of Green Valley, Shawano County

Other states

 * Green Valley, Arizona, a census-designated place in Pima County
 * Green Valley, Illinois, a village in Tazewell County
 * Green Valley, Maryland, an unincorporated area and former census-designated place in Frederick County
 * Green Valley, Minnesota, an unincorporated community in Lyon County
 * Green Valley Township, Becker County, Minnesota
 * Green Valley Township, Holt County, Nebraska
 * Green Valley, Henderson, a planned community in Henderson, Nevada
 * Green Valley, Ohio, an unincorporated community in Knox County
 * Green Valley, South Dakota, a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Pennington County
 * Green Valley, Virginia
 * Green Valley, Kanawha County, West Virginia
 * Green Valley, Mercer County, West Virginia
 * Green Valley, Nicholas County, West Virginia

Other places

 * Green Valley (Mars), landing site of NASA's Phoenix lander within Vastitas Borealis

Music

 * Green Valley (band), a Spanish reggae-dancehall group
 * "Green Valley", song from ...So the Story Goes
 * "Green Valley", a 2012 song by Calvin Harris from 18 Months
 * "The Green Valley", song by Puscifer from Conditions of My Parole

Other uses

 * Green valley, a part of the Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
 * Greenvalley Public School, Kerala, India
 * The green valley phase in galactic evolution, between more frequently observed blue and red galaxies, as illustrated on a galaxy color–magnitude diagram.

title: Green Valley


text: User talk:62.249.196.167

title: User talk:62.249.196.167


text:
Floriana F.C.

Floriana Football Club is a Maltese professional football club in the town of Floriana that currently plays in the Maltese Premier League. Floriana has won 26 national leagues and 21 FA trophies. It is also the only team from Malta to have qualified from the qualifying rounds to the first round proper of the UEFA Champions League, in the 1993–94 season.

History
Floriana Football Club was founded in 1894 with the inauguration of the football ground officiated by Queen Alexandra. The site was a cricket ground from 1890 until its conversion project. Together with St. George's FC, is one of the two oldest clubs in Malta. During that period, football in Malta was introduced by the British Servicemen who were stationed on the island, which was then a colony of the British Empire.

The club is affiliated to the Malta Football Association which in turn is a member of both UEFA and FIFA. The team's colours were green and red but after a friendly match against the Royal Dublin Fusiliers which plays in green and white, Floriana FC changed its colours to green and white. The team's nicknames are: Tal-Irish and Greens.

Floriana Football Club has won the major Maltese League championship 26 times and the FA Trophy 20 times.

Formation
Football was introduced in Malta at the end of the 19th century by the British troops stationed on the island. At that time Malta formed part of the British Empire and, the Island was the base of British forces in the heart of the Mediterranean. The forces' barracks, which were strategically located around the island of Malta, enjoyed large areas that were used as parade grounds, training areas and for sporting activities.

The sports practised by the soldiers were mainly cricket, hockey and football. The British forces in Malta were mainly stationed in Floriana, Cospicua, Mtarfa, Marsa and Sliema. The locals who were influenced by the soldiers stationed in the area were introduced to these sporting activities. The most popular sport amongst the residents of Floriana was football, however some also practised cricket and hockey. Floriana still has its hockey club, carrying the name Floriana Young Stars Hockey Club.

Club colours and mascot
Between 1894 and 1905 the club's colours were green/red quartered shirts, black shorts with green and red socks. The official colours of the club as we know them today, green and white vertical striped shirts, white shorts and green/white horizontal striped socks, were introduced in 1905. At that time the Royal Dublin Fusiliers were stationed in Floriana. During that year, three friendly matches were held between this regiment and FFC. At the end of the final match both teams exchanged their shirts and later the FFC changed their official colours to their green and white shirts. The regiment left the Island for India in that same year. The ties between Floriana and the Royal Dublin Fusiliers were so strong that the people hailing from Floriana were nicknamed after the Irish, "Tal-Irish".

The club's mascot is the lion, which features prominently on the club's badge since 1936 together with the Latin motto "Ex Ludis Virtus", meaning "virtue out of the game". In this regard the club's badge represents the fierceness of the lion together with the virtues of sportsmanship. The lion was chosen as the club's mascot for two general reasons attributed to history of Floriana.

First attribution is to the coat-of-arms of the Grandmaster of Order of St. John, Manoel de Vilhena, which has the lion on it. Vilhena was the mastermind behind the construction of a fortification suburg of Floriana (originally known as Borgo Vilhena) to defend the capital city of Valletta from land attacks. He even ordered the construction of a lion statue fountain, with his Grandmaster coat of arms being held by the lions hand, in the centre of Floriana's main square, St. Anne Square, which is still there today.

Second attribution to the lion is the statue of St. Publius who is the patron saint of Floriana. The St. Publius' statue has a lion with it which shows how Publius was killed for his Christian preachings.

The first game won by the team was confirmed on the feast of the patron's village St. Publius, on 13 April 1910, which is to some considered a divine confirmation.

2020 Win and COVID-19 national outrage
On 25 May 2020 Floriana FC were crowned champions of the BOV Premier League for the 26th title in their history and their first in 27 years, following a shortened season by a legal notice from the health authority in Malta to stop all contact sports on the Island because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2020 a vote was taken in the MFA Counsel and declared all those on top of the table in all participating divisions will be declared champions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the season was ultimately stopped earlier and Floriana was crowned champions of the league.

Celebrations were then hosted in the Fosos in Floriana, where a mass gathering of supporters broke social distancing rules and broke several Maltese laws by not staying in groups of six of less. The event sparked national outrage within the public in Malta and was featured on nearly all Maltese national newspapers.

Domestic successes
Since the foundation of the Malta Football Association, in 1909, (fiv)and local competitions the club won a total of 108 honours, which includes 26 league titles and 25 Cup knock out competitions. The club has also achieved a number of impressive feats, such as four consecutive league championships, ten doubles (League plus Cup) and a League title with maximum points.

UEFA competitions
Over the years FFC participated in the various competitions organised by the European football body, UEFA, such as the:

 * UEFA Champions League
 * UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
 * Fairs Cities' Cup
 * UEFA Europa League
 * Intertoto Cup

In 1962, the club was the first to represent Malta in UEFA competitions in its Cup Winners' Cup against the Hungarian side Ujpest Dozsa. Over the years, FFC had the opportunity to meet some renowned European football clubs, including the likes of:

 * 🏴 Ipswich Town
 * 🇮🇹 Inter Milan
 * 🇳🇱 Sparta Rotterdam
 * 🇬🇷 Panathinaikos
 * 🇭🇺 Ferencváros
 * 🏴 Dundee United
 * 🇵🇹 FC Porto
 * 🇩🇪 Borussia Dortmund
 * Hajduk Split
 * 🇷🇸 Red Star Belgrade

On two occasions FFC made it to the next round, 1993–94 Champions Cup and Intertoto Cup 1999–00.

Youth sector
In 1987 the club founded its youth sector, Floriana FC Nursery (FFCN), which is affiliated to the Malta Youth Football Association. The club's youth sector may also be considered one of the most successful organisations of its type on the Island; not only has it produced a number of some of the finest footballers, but it has also won a number of league titles organised by the Association. The following are some of the major honours won by FFCN:

06 / 07 UNDER 14 Knock out competition
 * U/14 League Champions – twice
 * U/16 League Champions – six times, four of which in a row, 1993 to 1997
 * U/18 League Champions – six times, four of which in a row, 1996 to 2000

Today all the major six Premiership clubs in Malta have at least two players forming part of their squad, which have been raised by the Floriana Youth Nursery.

Rivalries
During their history Floriana has had three main rivals, these being St. George's FC, Sliema Wanderers and neighbors Valletta. The rivalry against St. George's started from the beginnings of football in Malta circa 1890, before the rivalry with Sliema Wanderers FC developed (now referred to as the old firm rivalry).This rivalry peaked from 1922 onwards and lasted until the late 1970s, during which time both sides dominated the Maltese football scene. Football hooliganism and direct conflicts between supporters were something usual.

Today the rivalry has declined. Recently Floriana won their 20th FA Trophy against Sliema. This re-ignited the rivalry between both clubs, as Floriana won 9 finals in this cup competition against the Blues.

The rivalry against Valletta is still alive, and is now considered the biggest fixture in the Maltese Premier League and one of the most classic derbies in Maltese football. The rivalry stems from the close proximity of the two localities they represent, as well as the history and huge domestic success of both clubs. The matches between the two sides always attract big crowds to the stadium and the fans treat these clashes as cup finals.

Managerial positions

 * Maltese Premier League
 * Champions (26) Star full.svgStar full.svg: 1909–10, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1920–21, 1921–22, 1924–25, 1926–27, 1927–28, 1928–29, 1930–31, 1934–35, 1936–37, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1954–55, 1957–58, 1961–62, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1992–93, 2019–20
 * Runners-up (13): 1922–23, 1925–26, 1935–36, 1937–38, 1953–54, 1955–56, 1965–66, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1991–92, 1993–94, 2010–11
 * Maltese FA Trophy
 * Champions (21): 1937–38, 1944–45, 1946–47, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1971–72, 1975–76, 1980–81, 1992–93, 1993–94, 2010–11, 2016–17, 2021–22
 * Runners-up (12): 1934–35, 1935–36, 1955–56, 1959–60, 1964–65, 1973–74, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1987–88, 1988–89, 2005–06
 * Maltese Super Cup
 * Champions (2): 1993, 2017
 * Runners-up (2): 1994, 2011, 2022
 * Maltese First Division
 * Champions (1): 1985–86
 * Centenary Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2000

title: Floriana F.C.


text:
Royalton

Royalton may refer to:

Places

 * Royalton, Illinois
 * Royalton, Indiana
 * Royalton, Kentucky
 * Royalton, Minnesota
 * Royalton, New York
 * Royalton, Ohio
 * Royalton, Pennsylvania
 * Royalton, Vermont
 * Royalton, Wisconsin, a town
 * Royalton (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Royalton Hotel in New York City
 * Royalton Township (disambiguation)

Other

 * Arnold Royalton, a character in the Speed Racer film adaptation and his company Royalton Industries

title: Royalton


text:
South Fork

South Fork may refer to:

In Canada

 * South Fork, Saskatchewan

In the United States

 * Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, in northeastern Tennessee and southeastern Kentucky
 * South Fork, Madera County, California
 * South Fork, Colorado
 * South Fork, Missouri
 * South Fork, Nevada
 * South Fork, Pennsylvania
 * South Fork, Wisconsin, a town
 * South Fork (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * South Fork Township (disambiguation)

In rivers

 * Big South Fork of the Cumberland River
 * South Fork American River
 * South Fork Eel River
 * South Fork Grand River (South Dakota)
 * South Fork Holston River
 * South Fork John Day River
 * South Fork Musselshell River
 * South Fork Rio Grande
 * South Fork Shenandoah River
 * South Fork Spring River
 * South Fork Trinity River

In other uses

 * South Fork, Suffolk County, New York, a peninsula
 * South Fork Dam, a dam in Pennsylvania
 * South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club
 * South Fork High School, a public high school in Stuart, Florida

title: South Fork


text:
Huntsman Corporation

Huntsman Corporation is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of chemical products for consumers and industrial customers. Huntsman manufactures assorted polyurethanes, performance products, and adhesives for customers like BMW, GE, Chevron, Procter & Gamble, Unilever and Walkaroo. With global headquarters in The Woodlands, Texas, it operates more than 60 manufacturing, R&D and operations facilities in over 25 countries and employ approximately 7,000 associates across three business divisions. Huntsman Corporation had 2023 revenues of approximately $6 billion.

History
The Huntsman Corporation was initially founded as the Huntsman Container Corporation in 1970 by Alonzo Blaine Huntsman Jr. and his younger brother Jon Huntsman, Sr. It went public as the Huntsman Corporation on the New York Stock Exchange in February 2005. Huntsman has grown through a series of acquisitions (with some divestitures) and today is a manufacturer and marketer of differentiated and specialty chemical products.

In April 1994, Huntsman acquired the Texaco Chemical company for $1.1 billion. Texaco Inc. agreed to sell its last remaining petrochemicals plant to Huntsman in 1999 for about $600 million.

The Huntsman Corporation became the then third-largest petrochemical business in the United States when in 1999, it acquired Imperial Chemical Industries' polyurethanes, titanium dioxide, aromatics and petrochemical global businesses for $2.8 billion.

Huntsman also acquired the Performance Additives and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) businesses of Rockwood Holdings, Inc. on October 1, 2014, to become the largest color and white pigments company in the world. Huntsman paid approximately $1 billion in cash and assumed certain unfunded European pension liabilities.

Huntsman Building Solutions Created
Huntsman named its spray polyurethane foam (SPF) business as Huntsman Building Solutions (HBS) in May, 2020. The SPF business was formed when Huntsman acquired leading North American SPF company Icynene-Lapolla in February 2020 and combined it with Demilec, which Huntsman acquired in 2018. Huntsman is now the fifth largest insulation manufacturer in the world.

Proposed merger with Clariant
In May 2017, Huntsman and Clariant announced that they would merge, as equals, forming a global leader in specialty chemicals with the deal valued at $20 billion. Clariant shareholders would own 52% of the new entity, with Huntsman shareholders owning the remaining 48% of shares.

The merger agreement was terminated on October 27, 2017.

IPO of Venator
Huntsman Corporation spun-off its Pigments and Additives division as Venator Materials in an initial public offering on August 8, 2017.

Venator became the owner of Huntsman's Titanium Dioxide and Performance Additives businesses, which offers products comprising a broad range of pigments and additives that add performance and color to many everyday items. Venator is a global company with more than 4,300 employees across 27 facilities in more than 10 countries.

On May 14, 2023, Venator filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

Terminated takeover and Apollo suit
In June 2007, it was announced that Huntsman had agreed to be acquired by Access Industries, owned by the billionaire Len Blavatnik, for $5.88 billion in cash. Huntsman shareholders would receive $25.25 a share from Access Industries' chemical unit, Basell Holdings, based in Hoofddorp, Netherlands. Access would assume $3.7bn of Huntsman debt.

However, on July 12, 2007, the agreement was terminated as Huntsman agreed to be bought by Apollo Global Management for $6.51bn. Huntsman filed a suit in Texas against Apollo and two partners, co-founders Leon Black and Josh Harris, after the group backed out of the deal to purchase the company in June 2008. The suit alleged fraud against Apollo Management as Huntsman believed that the group never intended to allow its Hexion Specialty Chemicals unit to buy Huntsman Corp. for $6.5 billion. Huntsman also claimed Apollo put forth a higher bid to prevent the Basell AF buyout as it would have threatened Hexion's market share. Hexion stated Huntsman's declining financial position as the reason the deal was terminated. Upon termination of the Hexion merger agreement, the Huntsman stock value dropped by almost 50%.

In December 2008, Apollo and Hexion agreed to pay Huntsman $1.1 billion in return for Huntsman dropping all charges against them. This includes $500 million in cash, a $250 million investment in Huntsman, and an additional $425 million in cash, repayable by separate suits against Credit Suisse.

Starboard stake
Activist hedge fund Starboard disclosed a stake in the company in 2021. The hedge fund owned more than 8% of Huntsman, roughly $500 million worth. Starboard did not succeed in gaining seats on the company's board, one of its goals, and decided to completely exit their position within Huntsman.

Business segments
Advanced Materials supplies synthetic and formulated polymer systems. Huntsman’s epoxy, acrylic and polyurethane-based polymer products are used to replace traditional materials in aircraft, automobiles and electrical power transmission. Epoxy-based adhesives are also sold in the B2C segment primarily in India, Brazil & some parts of Europe under the brand name Araldite. The roots date back to 1758, when J.R. Geigy Ltd., the oldest chemicals company in Basel, Switzerland, began trading in chemicals and dyes. Huntsman acquired the Advanced Materials business from Vantico back in 2003.

Polyurethanes supplies MDI-based polyurethane precursors and systems used in an extensive range of applications and market sectors.

Performance Products supplies amines, carbonates, surfactants, and maleic anhydride. End uses include agrochemicals; oil, gas, and alternative energy; home detergents and personal care products; adhesives and coatings; mining; and curing agents for polyurethane and epoxy.

Controversy
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Huntsman Corporation refused to withdraw from the Russian market. Research from Yale University updated on April 28, 2022 identifying how companies were reacting to Russia's invasion, identified Huntsman in their worst category of "Digging In", or refusing to withdraw or limit activities in Russia.

Peter Huntsman of Huntsman Corporation responded to the Yale list by condemning the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Peter Huntsman further noted the company was in full compliance with all American and EU laws; asserted none of their products had military applications; stated hundreds of Russian and Ukrainian workers depended on the company to support their families; and he also objected to the implication Yale University has the right to dictate foreign policy for American companies.

title: Huntsman Corporation


text:
Tehachapi

Tehachapi may refer to:
 * Tehachapi, California in the Tehachapi Mountains
 * California Correctional Institution, colloquially referred to as "Tehachapi"
 * Tehachapi High School in Tehachapi, California
 * Tehachapi Unified School District, based in Tehachapi, California
 * Tehachapi Mountains surrounding Tehachapi, California, and often considered the southern boundary of Central California
 * Tehachapi Municipal Airport (KTSP) in Tehachapi, California
 * Tehachapi News, based in Tehachapi, California
 * Tehachapi Pass in the Tehachapi Mountains
 * Tehachapi Loop, the railroad engineering feat enabling trains to traverse the Tehachapi Pass
 * Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm, one of the largest wind farms in California
 * Tehachapi Energy Storage Project, At the time of commissioning in 2014, it was the largest lithium-ion battery system operating in North America and one of the largest in the world
 * Tehachapi Tribe, an Indian tribe best remembered for the 1863 Keyesville Massacre in which 53 men from the tribe were killed in Keyesville, California
 * The Tempest from Tehachapi, a massive 1977 duststorm bearing Coccidioidomycosis

In popular culture
 * Tehachapi, a 1995 Christina Applegate movie, later retitled Across the Moon
 * Endurance Tehachapi, the fourth season of the Survivor-like reality program featuring teenagers

title: Tehachapi


text:
Jean-Marie Lehn

Jean-Marie Lehn (born 30 September 1939) is a French chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Donald Cram and Charles Pedersen in 1987 for his synthesis of cryptands. Lehn was an early innovator in the field of supramolecular chemistry, i.e., the chemistry of host–guest molecular assemblies created by intermolecular interactions, and continues to innovate in this field. He described the process by which molecules recognize each other. Drugs, for example, "know" which cell to destroy and which to let live. his group has published 790 peer-reviewed articles in chemistry literature.

Early years
Lehn was born in Rosheim, Alsace, France to Pierre and Marie Lehn. He is of Alsatian German descent. His father was a baker, but because of his interest in music, he later became the city organist. Lehn also studied music, saying that it became his major interest after science. He has continued to play the organ throughout his professional career as a scientist. His high school studies in Obernai, from 1950 to 1957, included Latin, Greek, German, and English languages, French literature, and he later became very keen of both philosophy and science, particularly chemistry. In July 1957, he obtained the baccalauréat in philosophy, and in September of the same year, the baccalauréat in Natural Sciences.

At the University of Strasbourg, although he considered studying philosophy, he ended up taking courses in physical, chemical and natural sciences, attending the lectures of Guy Ourisson, and realizing that he wanted to pursue a research career in organic chemistry. He joined Ourisson's lab, working his way to the Ph.D. There, he was in charge of the lab's first NMR spectrometer, and published his first scientific paper, which pointed out an additivity rule for substituent induced shifts of proton NMR signals in steroid derivatives. He obtained his Ph.D., and went to work for a year at Robert Burns Woodward's laboratory at Harvard University, working among other things on the synthesis of vitamin B12.

Career
In 1966, he was appointed a position as maître de conférences (assistant professor) at the Chemistry Department of the University of Strasbourg. His research focused on the physical properties of molecules, synthesizing compounds specifically designed for exhibiting a given property, in order to better understand how that property was related to structure.

In 1968, he achieved the synthesis of cage-like molecules, comprising a cavity inside which another molecule could be lodged. Organic chemistry enabled him to engineer cages with the desired shape, thus only allowing a certain type of molecule to lodge itself in the cage. This was the premise for an entire new field in chemistry, sensors. Such mechanisms also play a great role in molecular biology.

These cryptands, as Lehn dubbed them, became his main center of interest, and led to his definition of a new type of chemistry, "supramolecular chemistry", which instead of studying the bonds inside one molecule, looks at intermolecular attractions, and what would be later called "fragile objects", such as micelles, polymers, or clays.

In 1980, he was elected to become a teacher at the prestigious Collège de France, and in 1987 was awarded the Nobel Prize, alongside Donald Cram and Charles Pedersen for his works on cryptands.

He is currently a member of the Reliance Innovation Council which was formed by Reliance Industries Limited, India.

, Lehn has an h-index of 154 according to Google Scholar and of 137 (946 documents) according to Scopus.

Legacy
In 1987, Pierre Boulez dedicated a very short piano work Fragment d‘une ébauche to Lehn on the occasion of his Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Personal life
Lehn was married in 1965 to Sylvie Lederer, and together they had two sons, David and Mathias.

Lehn is an atheist.

Honors and awards
Lehn has won numerous awards and honors including:

French awards and decorations

 * CNRS Gold medal (1981; Silver Medal: 1972; Bronze Medal: 1963)
 * Knight of the Ordre des Palmes académiques (1989)
 * Officer of the Ordre national du Mérite (1993; Knight: 1976)
 * Grand Officer of the Légion d'Honneur (2014; Commander: 1996; Officer: 1988; Knight: 1983)

Other international and national awards

 * Elected an International Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1980)
 * Elected a Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1980)
 * Humboldt Prize (1983)
 * Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (1983)
 * Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1987)
 * Elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society (1987)
 * Pour le Mérite (1990)
 * Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1993
 * The Davy Medal of the Royal Society (1997)
 * Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class (2001)
 * Grand Officer of the Order of Cultural Merit of Romania (2004)
 * Gutenberg Lecture Award (2006)
 * ISA Medal for Science (2006)
 * Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (2009)
 * Order of the Rising Sun (Gold and Silver Star) of Japan (2019)

Honorary degrees
Lehn received numerous Honorary Doctorates (25, ), from:

 * 1) Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1984
 * 2) Autonomous University of Madrid, 1985
 * 3) Georg-August University of Göttingen, 1987
 * 4) Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1987
 * 5) University of Crete (Iraklion University), 1989
 * 6) Università degli Studi di Bologna, 1989
 * 7) Charles University of Prague, 1990
 * 8) University of Sheffield, 1991
 * 9) University of Twente, 1991
 * 10) University of Athens, 1992
 * 11) National Technical University of Athens (Polytechnical University of Athens), 1992
 * 12) Illinois Wesleyan University, 1995
 * 13) Université de Montréal, 1995
 * 14) University of Bielefeld, 1998
 * 15) Honorary Professor, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 1998
 * 16) Honorary Professor, Southeast University, Nanjing, 1998
 * 17) Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 1998
 * 18) Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1999
 * 19) Nagoya University, 2000
 * 20) Université de Sherbrooke, 2000
 * 21) Università di Trieste, 2001
 * 22) Honorary Professor, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2003
 * 23) Honorary Professor, Nanjing University, 2003
 * 24) Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 2003
 * 25) University of St. Andrews, 2004
 * 26) Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, 2005
 * 27) Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (Technical University, St Petersburg), 2005
 * 28) Masaryk University, Brno, 2005
 * 29) Honorary Professor, Beijing University, 2005
 * 30) Kyushu University, 2005
 * 31) Moscow State University, 2006
 * 32) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2006
 * 33) Kazan Federal University, 2006
 * 34) Novosibirsk State University, 2006
 * 35) Honorary Professor, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 2007
 * 36) Honorary Professor, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 2007
 * 37) Special Honorary Professorship, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 2008
 * 38) University of Patras, 2008
 * 39) Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 2008
 * 40) University of Basilicata, Potenza, 2008
 * 41) Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2009
 * 42) Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 2009
 * 43) University of Ljubljana, 2009
 * 44) City University of Hong Kong, 2010
 * 45) Queen's University Belfast, 2012
 * 46) Honorary Professor, Novosibirsk State University, 2012
 * 47) Honorary Professor, Xiamen University, 2012
 * 48) Honorary Professor, Jilin University, 2013
 * 49) Honorary Professor, Shanxi University, 2013
 * 50) University of Oxford, 2014
 * 51) Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), 2015
 * 52) University of Málaga, 2015
 * 53) Honorary Professor, Kyushu University, 2016
 * 54) Honorary Professor, China Pharmaceutical University, 2016
 * 55) Honorary Professor, Wuhan University of Technology, 2016
 * 56) Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 2017
 * 57) University of Cambridge, 2017
 * 58) New York University, 2017
 * 59) University of Bucharest, 2018
 * 60) University of Vienna, 2019
 * 61) University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 2019

title: Jean-Marie Lehn


text:
Beaver Township

Beaver Township may refer to:

Arkansas

 * Beaver Township, Carroll County, Arkansas
 * Beaver Township, Saline County, Arkansas

Illinois

 * Beaver Township, Iroquois County, Illinois

Indiana

 * Beaver Township, Newton County, Indiana
 * Beaver Township, Pulaski County, Indiana

Iowa

 * Beaver Township, Boone County, Iowa
 * Beaver Township, Butler County, Iowa
 * Beaver Township, Dallas County, Iowa
 * Beaver Township, Grundy County, Iowa
 * Beaver Township, Guthrie County, Iowa
 * Beaver Township, Humboldt County, Iowa
 * Beaver Township, Polk County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Beaver Township, Barton County, Kansas
 * Beaver Township, Cowley County, Kansas
 * Beaver Township, Decatur County, Kansas
 * Beaver Township, Lincoln County, Kansas, in Lincoln County, Kansas
 * Beaver Township, Phillips County, Kansas, in Phillips County, Kansas
 * Beaver Township, Republic County, Kansas
 * Beaver Township, Scott County, Kansas, in Scott County, Kansas
 * Beaver Township, Smith County, Kansas, in Smith County, Kansas

Michigan

 * Beaver Township, Bay County, Michigan
 * Beaver Township, Newaygo County, Michigan

Minnesota

 * Beaver Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
 * Beaver Township, Fillmore County, Minnesota
 * Beaver Township, Roseau County, Minnesota

Missouri

 * Beaver Township, Taney County, Missouri

Nebraska

 * Beaver Township, Buffalo County, Nebraska
 * Beaver Township, Nance County, Nebraska

North Dakota

 * Beaver Township, Benson County, North Dakota

Ohio

 * Beaver Township, Mahoning County, Ohio
 * Beaver Township, Noble County, Ohio
 * Beaver Township, Pike County, Ohio

Pennsylvania

 * Beaver Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
 * Beaver Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania
 * Beaver Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania
 * Beaver Township, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania
 * Beaver Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania

South Dakota

 * Beaver Township, Miner County, South Dakota, in Miner County, South Dakota

title: Beaver Township


text:
Buncombe

Buncombe may refer to:
 * Buncombe County, North Carolina
 * Buncombe, Illinois
 * An alternative spelling of Buncom, Oregon
 * Edward Buncombe, an 18th-century plantation owner
 * buncombe or bunkum, a term meaning "nonsense", derived from 19th-century American politics

title: Buncombe


text:
Canby

Canby may refer to:

People

 * Canby (surname)

Places

 * In the United States
 * Canby, California
 * Canby, Iowa
 * Canby, Minnesota
 * Canby, Oregon
 * Canby Creek, a stream in Minnesota
 * Canby Mountain, a summit in Colorado
 * Canby Mountains, Oregon

title: Canby


text:
Deshpremee Jana Samukshya

Deshpremee Jana Samukshya was a joint front of leftist parties in the Indian state of Orissa. DJS existed in September 2004. It consisted of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Democracy, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Flag, and Lokapakhya.

title: Deshpremee Jana Samukshya


text:
Deer Creek

Deer Creek may refer to some places in the United States:

Populated places

 * Deer Creek, Arizona, in Gila County
 * Deer Creek, Illinois
 * Deer Creek, Carroll County, Indiana
 * Deer Creek, Lake County, Indiana
 * Deer Creek, Minnesota
 * Deer Creek, Oklahoma
 * Deer Creek, West Virginia, in Pocahontas County
 * Deer Creek, Taylor County, Wisconsin
 * Deer Creek, Outagamie County, Wisconsin

Schools

 * Deer Creek Middle School, a public school in Littleton, Colorado
 * Deer Creek Public Schools, a public school district in Edmond, Oklahoma
 * Deer Creek Middle School in the above school district
 * Deer Creek School (Mississippi), a private school in Arcola, Mississippi
 * Deer Creek Elementary School, a public school in Crowley, Texas

Water bodies

 * Deer Creek (Arizona), a tributary of the Colorado River
 * Deer Creek (Nevada County, California), a stream that runs through Nevada City, California
 * Deer Creek (Santa Clara County, California), a tributary of Matadero Creek
 * Deer Creek (Tehama County, California), a tributary of the Sacramento River
 * Deer Creek (Tulare County, California)
 * Deer Creek (Indiana), a stream in Indiana
 * Deer Creek (Des Moines River tributary), a river in Iowa
 * Deer Creek (Neosho River tributary), a stream in Kansas
 * Deer Creek (Maryland), a tributary of the Susquehanna River
 * Deer Creek (South Branch Galien River tributary), a stream in Michigan
 * Deer Creek (Mississippi), a tributary of the Yazoo River
 * Deer Creek (Butler Creek tributary), a stream in Arkansas and Missouri
 * Deer Creek (North Fork Salt River tributary), a stream in Missouri
 * Deer Creek (Osage River tributary), a stream in Missouri
 * Deer Creek (Pomme de Terre River tributary), a stream in Missouri
 * Deer Creek (River des Peres tributary), a stream in Missouri
 * Deer Creek (Shoal Creek tributary), a stream in Missouri
 * Deer Creek (South Grand River tributary), a stream in Missouri
 * Deer Creek (Blanchard River tributary), a stream in Ohio
 * Deer Creek (Oklahoma), a stream in Oklahoma
 * Deer Creek (Oregon), a stream in Yamhill County, Oregon
 * Deer Creek (Allegheny River tributary), Pennsylvania
 * Deer Creek (South Carolina), a creek referred to in American Civil War accounts as flowing into Charleston, South Carolina
 * Deer Creek Dam and Reservoir, Utah
 * Deer Creek (Big Creek, Ontario), Canada
 * Deer Creek (Texas), a creek that runs through Crowley, Texas

Other

 * Deer Creek Tunnel, Cincinnati, Ohio
 * Deer Creek Marsh Wildlife Management Area, in Oswego County, New York
 * Ruoff Home Mortgage Music Center, an outdoor music venue in Noblesville, Indiana, originally known as Deer Creek Music Center

title: Deer Creek


text:
Defiance

Defiance may refer to:

Film, television and theatre

 * Defiance (1952 film), a Swedish drama film directed by Gustaf Molander
 * Defiance (1980 film), an American crime drama starring Jan-Michael Vincent
 * Defiance (2002 film), a western starring Brandon Bollig
 * Defiance (2008 film), an American World War II film starring Daniel Craig and Liev Schreiber
 * Defiance (TV series), a science fiction TV series
 * Defiance (play), a 2005 play by John Patrick Shanley
 * HMAS Defiance, a fictional Australian warship in the TV series Patrol Boat

Games

 * Defiance (video game), a 2013 tie-in with the TV series Defiance
 * Defiance (1997 video game), a first-person shooter for Windows
 * Defiance, an expansion campaign for the computer game Independence War
 * Legacy of Kain: Defiance, a 2003 video game

Literature

 * Defiance (book), a 1951 memoir by Savitri Devi
 * Defiance (novel), a 2007 novel by Don Brown
 * Defiance, a novel by Kenneth Bulmer
 * Defiance: The Bielski Partisans, a book by Nechama Tec; basis for the 2008 film (see above)

Music

 * Defiance (metal band), an American thrash metal band
 * Defiance (punk band), an American street punk band
 * Defiance (EP), a 1994 EP by the punk band
 * Defiance (Assemblage 23 album), 2002
 * Defiance (Deströyer 666 album), 2009
 * Defiance (Lahannya album), 2009
 * Defiance, an album by Jack Starr's Burning Starr, 2009
 * Defiance, an album by Pro-jekt, 2006
 * Defiance, an EP by Rome, 2022
 * Defiance Records, a German record label

Maritime

 * HMS Defiance, nineteen ships of the British Royal Navy
 * USS Defiance, three ships of the U.S. Navy
 * Defiance (steamboat), a vessel in the Puget Sound Mosquito Fleet in the early 1900s
 * Defiance (yacht), a participant in the 1914 America's Cup
 * SS Empire Defiance, a ship in the Empire series in the service of the British Government
 * CSS Defiance, a ship in the Confederate River Defense Fleet during the American Civil War

Places in the United States

 * Defiance, Iowa
 * Defiance, Kentucky
 * Defiance, Missouri (St. Charles county)
 * Defiance, Missouri (Worth county) a 19th-century town
 * Defiance, Ohio
 * Defiance College
 * Defiance High School (Ohio)
 * Defiance Regional Medical Center
 * Defiance County, Ohio
 * Defiance Township, Ohio
 * Defiance, Pennsylvania
 * Mount Defiance (New York), a hill in New York

Other uses

 * Defiance Campaign, a 1951 anti-apartheid initiative by the African National Congress
 * Defiance railway station, or Defiance Platform, a disused station on the Plymouth to Penzance Line in the UK
 * Defiance Technologies, part of the Hinduja Group, a provider of IT, ERP and engineering services
 * Camp Defiance, a Union camp in Kansas during the American Civil War
 * Defiance Cycle Company, a cycle manufacturer formed in Wales in 1880
 * Defiance Wrestling Federation, a defunct pro wrestling promotion from 2009 to 2010
 * DEFIANCE Wrestling, a similarly named and currently active pro wrestling promotion
 * Tacoma Defiance, the MLS Next Pro reserve team for Seattle Sounders FC

title: Defiance


text:
Del Rio

Del Rio or del Río, del Rios is a Spanish term meaning "of / from the river", and may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Del Rio, California
 * Del Rio, Florida
 * Del Rio, Tennessee
 * Del Rio, Texas

People

 * Alberto Del Rio (born 1977; real name Alberto Rodríguez), Mexican professional wrestler who also performed under the name Dos Caras, Jr.
 * Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849), scientist and naturalist who discovered the chemical element vanadium
 * Bianca Del Rio (born 1975), American drag queen
 * Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, Ecuadorean President
 * Dolores del Río (1904–1983), Mexican actress
 * Gabriel del Río (born 1976), Argentine-born Spanish chess grandmaster
 * Harry Del Rios (born 1973), American pro-wrestler
 * Jack Del Rio (born 1963), American football player and coach
 * Luke Del Rio (born 1994), American football player and coach, son of Jack
 * Paloma del Río (born 1960), Spanish journalist
 * Paul del Rio (1943-2015), Venezuelan kidnapper, sculptor and painter
 * Rebekah Del Rio, Mexican-American singer/songwriter
 * Yolanda del Rio (born 1955), Mexican singer

title: Del Rio


text:
Delano

Delano or DeLano may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Delano, California
 * Delano, Wichita, Kansas, a neighborhood in Wichita and former community before merging with Wichita
 * Delano, Minnesota
 * Delano, Nevada
 * Delano, Pennsylvania
 * Delano, Tennessee
 * Delano Township, Pennsylvania
 * Delano Peak, a mountain in Utah
 * Delano Hotel, Miami Beach
 * Delano Las Vegas, a hotel located within the Mandalay Bay complex in Las Vegas
 * Delano, Wichita, Kansas
 * Mount Delano, a mountain in Montana

People

 * Surname
 * Adore Delano (born 1989), American drag queen, singer-songwriter and television personality
 * Diane Delano (born 1957), American actress
 * Francis Roach Delano (1823-1887), American businessman and politician
 * The Delano family, a prominent American political family including:
 * Columbus Delano (1809–1896), American congressman and government official
 * Francis R. Delano (1842–1892), American banker, prison warden and railroad superintendent
 * Frederic Adrian Delano (1863–1953), American railroad president, first Federal Reserve Vice Chairman
 * Gerald Curtis Delano (1890–1972), American painter
 * Jane Delano (1862–1919), American nurse
 * Paul Delano (1775–1842), U.S. sea captain, Commander in the Chilean Navy
 * Philip Delano (1603–1682), member of Plymouth Colony, North America
 * Sara Roosevelt nee Delano (1854–1941), mother of Franklin Delano Roosevelt
 * William Adams Delano (1874–1960), American architect of Delano & Aldrich
 * Jack Delano (1914–1997), American photographer and composer
 * Jamie Delano (born 1954), British comics writer
 * Jon Delano (active 1980-present), journalist, professor at Carnegie Mellon University
 * Lee Delano (1931–2017), American actor
 * Michael DeLano (born 1940), American actor
 * Warren Lyford DeLano (1972–2009), American advocate for open-source practices in sciences

 * Given name
 * Delano Burgzorg (born 1998), Nederlander football player
 * Lano Hill (formerly Delano, b. 1995), US American football player
 * Delano Johnson (born 1988), US American football player
 * Delano Ladan (born 2000), Nederlander football player
 * Delano Lewis (1938–2023), American attorney, businessman and diplomat
 * Delano Sam-Yorke (born 1989), English footballer
 * Delano Stewart (born 1947), Jamaican singer
 * Delano Thomas (born 1983), American indoor volleyball player
 * Delano Williams (born 1993), British sprinter
 * Delano E. Williamson (1822-1903), American politician, former Indiana Attorney General

 * Middle name
 * Joan Aiken (Joan Delano Aiken) (1924–2004), British author
 * Dési Delano Bouterse (born 1945), 8th President of Suriname
 * Adrian Delano Dantley (born 1955), American basketball player
 * J. Delano Ellis (1944–2020), American Pentecostal bishop and writer
 * Franklin Delano Floyd (1943–2023), American murderer
 * Tyrone Delano Gilliam Jr. (1966–1998), American murderer
 * Ki-Jana Delano Hoever (born 2002), Nederlander football player
 * Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945), 32nd president of the United States (1933–1945)

Other uses

 * The Delano grape strike in California, US
 * DeLano Scientific LLC
 * The Delano 7, a fictional spacecraft in Metroid Prime Hunters and Metroid Prime 3: Corruption

title: Delano


text:
Dunlap

Dunlap may refer to:

Places

 * In the United States
 * Dunlap, California, an unincorporated town in Fresno County
 * Dunlap, Illinois, a village
 * Dunlap, Indiana, a census-designated place
 * Dunlap, Iowa, a city
 * Dunlap, Kansas, a city
 * Dunlap, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Dunlap, Ohio, a census-designated place
 * Dunlap, Tennessee, a city
 * Dunlap, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a neighborhood
 * Dunlap, Seattle, Washington, a neighborhood

 * Elsewhere
 * David Dunlap Observatory, Richmond Hill, Ontario

People

 * Dunlap Exclusive (born 1983), musical artist
 * Dunlap (surname)

title: Dunlap


text:
Dunn

Dunn may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Dunn, Indiana, a ghost town
 * Dunn, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Dunn, North Carolina, a city
 * Dunn County, North Dakota, county
 * Dunn, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Dunn County, Wisconsin, county
 * Dunn, Dane County, Wisconsin, town
 * Dunn, Dunn County, Wisconsin, town

People

 * Dunn baronets, three baronetcies in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
 * Dunn (bishop), an 8th-century English bishop
 * Dunn (surname), a surname
 * DUNN, an alias of Fritz Duquesne during World War II

Taxonomy
There are 2 different instances where the last name Dunn is used to give the authority behind names of species:
 * Emmett Reid Dunn (1894–1956), U. S. zoologist, mostly in the names of snakes, frogs etc. in the Americas
 * Stephen Troyte Dunn (1868–1938), British botanist, mostly in the names of plants in China

Other

 * Dunn Engineering, racecar makers
 * J. E. Dunn Construction Group, a construction company
 * Dunn Memorial Bridge in Albany, New York
 * Dunn's, a Canadian restaurant chain
 * Dunns, a clothing retailer, subsidiary of Pepkor

title: Dunn


text:
Early

Early may refer to:

Time

 * the early part of the morning
 * The beginning or oldest part of a defined geological period, as opposed to middle or late periods

History

 * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.:
 * Early Christianity
 * Early modern Europe

Places in the United States

 * Early, Iowa
 * Early, Texas
 * Early Branch, a stream in Missouri
 * Early County, Georgia

Arts, entertainment, media

 * Early (Scritti Politti album), 2005
 * Early (A Certain Ratio album), 2002
 * Early Records, a record label

Other uses

 * Early (name)
 * Early effect, an effect in transistor physics

title: Early


text:
7 Year Bitch

7 Year Bitch was an American punk rock band from Seattle, Washington. The band was active between 1990 and 1997 and released three albums over that time. The band formed at the same time as the emergence of the riot grrrl sub-genre, which is a subgenre of punk music from the early to mid-1990s that emphasized the role of women in rock music. The Riot Grrrl movement began as a feminist response to the violence and misogyny that became more prominent in punk music in the mid-to-late 1980s, and 7 Year Bitch, an all-female punk band, emerged as part of that sub-genre.

Career
7 Year Bitch was formed in 1990 by vocalist Selene Vigil, guitarist Stefanie Sargent, bassist Elizabeth Davis and drummer Valerie Agnew. Vigil, Sargent, and Agnew had been playing together in the Seattle band Barbie's Dream Car when their bassist left for Europe. They subsequently recruited Davis and renamed their band after the movie The Seven Year Itch, based on a suggestion by their friend Ben London, a member of the fellow Seattle band Alcohol Funnycar.

At their first concert, the band opened for The Gits, who would prove to have a significant influence on their music. In 1991, the band released their first single "Lorna" and signed with C/Z Records. Their first album, Sick 'Em, was released in 1992, but it was overshadowed by Sargent's death on June 27, through passing out on her back after returning home from a party where she had drunk alcohol and taken a small amount of heroin. Following a period of grieving and uncertainty, the band decided to continue, recruiting guitarist Roisin Dunne as Sargent's replacement later that year.

In July 1993, Gits' frontwoman and long-time friend of the band Mia Zapata was raped and murdered while walking home late at night. This event, coupled with Sargent's death the previous year, had a profound effect on the group. As a reaction, the band recorded and released their second album ¡Viva Zapata! (1994) in tribute to both of their fallen friends. During this time, Valerie Agnew also became one of the primary organizers and co-founders of the anti-violence and self-defence organisation Home Alive. On April 8, 1994, the band played a benefit show for Rock Against Domestic Violence at the Cameo Theatre on Miami Beach, alongside Babes in Toyland and Jack Off Jill.

In 1995, the band signed with Atlantic Records and in 1996 released their third album, Gato Negro. Following the tour supporting Gato Negro, guitarist Roisin Dunne left, and was replaced by Lisa Fay Beatty, the band's live sound engineer and long-time friend.

Break-up
In early 1997, the band began recording material for what was to be their fourth album. The band moved from Seattle to California, Elizabeth Davis and Valerie Agnew to San Francisco, and Selene Vigil to Los Angeles. With the recent departure of their guitarist, Roisin Dunne and the geographical separation between bandmates, Seven Year Bitch's career came to a close after a final tour with San Francisco's Lost Goat. The break-up was, fittingly, seven years after their formation, mirroring the popular belief of the "seven-year itch".

Aftermath
Following the break-up of 7 Year Bitch, bassist Elizabeth Davis joined the San Francisco-based band Clone, with whom she performed until 2003. In 2005, she helped to form the band Von Iva. Guitarist Lisa Fay Beatty became involved with filmography, played for the band Smoochknob, and held a solo act called Elfay. She went on to open show for the band Sleepytime Gorilla Museum. Vocalist Selene Vigil formed a gothic/psychedelic-influenced band by the name of Cistine in 2000. She later released the solo album That Was Then in 2010, followed by Tough Dance in 2017. Roisin Dunne joined the band The Last Goodbye in 2006. Their songs "The Scratch" and "Icy Blue" were featured in the movie Mad Love with Drew Barrymore and Chris O'Donnell.

Final Line-up

 * Selene Vigil – vocals (1990–1997)
 * Elizabeth Davis – bass (1990–1997)
 * Valerie Agnew – drums (1990–1997)
 * Lisa Fay Beatty – guitar (1996–1997; died 2011)

Former Members

 * Stefanie Sargent – guitar (1990–1992; died 1992)
 * Roisin Dunne – guitar (1992–1996)

 * Timeline

Albums

 * Sick 'Em (C/Z Records, 1992)
 * ¡Viva Zapata! (C/Z Records, 1994)
 * Gato Negro (Atlantic Records, 1996)
 * Live at Moe (Moe Recordings, 2016)

Singles/EPs

 * "Lorna" / "No Fucking War", "You Smell Lonely" (Rathouse/Face The Music Records), (1991; reissued by C/Z Records in 1992)
 * "Antidisestablishmentarianism EP" (Rugger Bugger Records, 1992)
 * "7 Year Bitch" / "Thatcher On Acid" "Can We Laugh Now?" / "No Fucking War" (Clawfist Records, 1992)
 * "7 Year Bitch EP" (C/Z Records, 1992)
 * "Rock-A-Bye Baby" / "Wide Open Trap" (C/Z Records, 1994)
 * "Miss Understood" / "Go!" (Man's Ruin, 1996)

Compilation appearances

 * "8-Ball Deluxe" on Kill Rock Stars (CD version, Kill Rock Stars, 1992)
 * "Dead Men Don't Rape" on There's A Dyke In The Pit (Outpunk/Harp, 1992)
 * "The Scratch" on Power Flush: San Francisco, Seattle & You (Rathouse/Broken Rekids, 1993)
 * "Dead Men Don't Rape" on Progression (Progression, 1994) [As Seven Year Bitch]
 * "The Scratch," "Icy Blue" on the Mad Love Motion Picture Soundtrack (Zoo, 1995)
 * "Kiss My Ass Goodbye" on Seattle Women In Rock: A Diverse Collection (Insight, 1995)
 * "Damn Good And Well" on Space Mountain (Rough Trade Publishing, 1995)
 * "M.I.A." on Notes From The Underground, Vol. 2 (Priority, 1995)
 * "24,900 Miles An Hour" on Core (Volume One) (WEA, 1996)
 * "24,900 Mile An Hour" on Madhouse Archives Secretos (Warner Music Argentina/WEA/Madhouse, 1996)
 * "The History Of My Future" on Sperminator (AWA, 1996)
 * "24,900 Miles An Hour" on hu H 23 (Huh Music Service, 1996)
 * "Mad Dash" on Home Alive: The Art Of Self-Defense (Epic, 1996)
 * "Knot (Live)" on Hype! The Motion Picture Soundtrack (Sub Pop, 1996)
 * "Damn Good And Well" on Rough Cuts: The Best Of Rough Trade Publishing, 1991–1995 (Rough Trade Publishing, 1997)
 * "Rock-A-Bye Baby" on She's A Rebel (Beloved/Shanachie, 1997)
 * "Shake Appeal" on We Will Fall: The Iggy Pop Tribute (Royalty, 1997)
 * "M.I.A." on Whatever: The 90's Pop & Culture Box (Flying Rhino/WEA, 2005)
 * "The Scratch" on Sleepless in Seattle: The Birth of Grunge (LiveWire Recordings, 2006)
 * "8 Ball Deluxe" on Kill Rock Stars/Stars Kill Rock/Rock Stars Kill (Kill Rock Stars, 2013)
 * "Chow Down" on Teen Spirit (Mojo Presents 15 Noise -Filled Classics From The American Underground Scene 1989-1992 (Mojo Magazine, 2017)

Music videos

 * "In Lust You Trust" (1992)
 * "Hip Like Junk" (1994)
 * "24,900 Miles Per Hour" (1996)
 * "In Lust Up Trust", Hip Like Junk" - 3 Years Ago Today VHS (C/Z, 1998) [various artist compilation]

title: 7 Year Bitch


text:
Henrietta

Henrietta may refer to:

 * Henrietta (given name), a feminine given name, derived from the male name Henry

Places

 * Henrietta Island in the Arctic Ocean
 * Henrietta, Mauritius
 * Henrietta, Tasmania, a locality in Australia

United States

 * Henrietta, Missouri
 * Henrietta, Johnson County, Missouri
 * Henrietta, New York
 * Henrietta, Ohio
 * Henrietta, Pennsylvania
 * Henrietta, Texas
 * Henrietta, West Virginia
 * Henrietta, Wisconsin, a county subdivision
 * Henrietta (ghost town), Wisconsin, a ghost town
 * Henrietta Township:
 * Henrietta Township, Michigan
 * Henrietta Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota
 * Henrietta Township, Lorain County, Ohio
 * Henrietta Township, LaMoure County, North Dakota

Fictional characters

 * Henrietta de Tristain a fictional character from the Japanese light novel/anime Zero no Tsukaima
 * Henrietta the coach, a fictional character of The Railway Series
 * Henrietta (Gunslinger), a fictional character from the Japanese manga/anime Gunslinger Girl
 * Henrietta Coles, the main protagonist of YouTube's online television show Impulse
 * Ms. Henrietta Vanderpeen, character on Bear in the Big Blue House
 * Henrietta Twombly, a character on Littlest Pet Shop

Other

 * 225 Henrietta, an asteroid
 * Henrietta (novel),a novel by Charlotte Lennox published in 1758
 * Henrietta (film), a 1983 Swedish film based on book of the same name by Stig Claesson
 * "Henrietta" (song), a single by the Scottish band The Fratellis
 * Henrietta the four-legged chicken, a famous animal with a birth defect
 * Henrietta Barnett School, Hampstead Garden Suburb, London, England, a top girls' school
 * Nickname for Jon Fishman of the band Phish
 * Henrietta Award, a retired Golden Globe Award category given to actors from 1950 to 1979
 * Henrietta (ship), yacht schooner designed and built in 1861 by Henry Steers for James Gordon Bennett Jr.

title: Henrietta


text:
Hingham

Hingham may refer to:

In the United Kingdom
 * Hingham, Norfolk

In the United States
 * Hingham, Massachusetts, a New England town
 * Hingham (CDP), Massachusetts, the central urban area in the town
 * Hingham, Montana, a town
 * Hingham, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

title: Hingham