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Marie de Gournay

Marie de Gournay (6 October 1565, Paris – 13 July 1645) was a French writer, who wrote a novel and a number of other literary compositions, including The Equality of Men and Women (Égalité des hommes et des femmes, 1622) and The Ladies' Grievance (Grief des dames, 1626). She insisted that women should be educated. Gournay was also an editor and commentator of Michel de Montaigne. After Montaigne's death, Gournay edited and published his Essays.

Life
She was born in Paris in 1565. Her father, Guillaume Le Jars, was treasurer to King Henry III of France. In 1568 he obtained feudal rights to the Gournay estate in Picardy, and in 1573, after he purchased the Neufvy estate, he became Seigneur de Neufvy et de Gournay. The family moved to Gournay-sur-Aronde after her father's sudden death in 1577.

Gournay was an autodidact. She studied the humanities and taught herself Latin. Her studies led her to discover the works of Michel de Montaigne. She met him in 1588 in Paris after writing him a note and became his "adopted daughter". She published her first book in 1594, Le Proumenoir de Monsieur de Montaigne.

After her mother's death in 1591, Marie moved to Paris, leaving the family home to her brother Charles, who was forced to sell it in 1608. Montaigne died the following year, and his widow, Françoise de la Chassaigne, provided Gournay with a copy of the Essays and charged her with its publication. In 1595 Gournay published the first posthumous edition of his Essays and in 1598 she published a revised edition. She settled in Paris, determined to earn a living from writing. She published a timely discussion on the education of children in 1608, Bienvenue à Monseigneur le Duc d'Anjou. This work brought her to wider attention among Paris intellectuals. Her 1610 work Adieu de l'ame du Roy de France et de Navarre caused a scandal because it defended Jesuits, who were suspected of having conspired to assassinate King Henry IV. Gournay was attacked in the satirical pamphlet The Anti-Gournay and was pictured as an old shrew.

In Paris, Marie de Gournay met Henri Louis Habert de Montmor and the scholar Justus Lipsius presented her to Europe as a woman of letters. Gournay found herself protectors by writing for Queen Margo, Henry IV of France, Marie de Médicis, Louis XIII, the marquise de Guercheville, the ministers Villeroy and Jeannin. Queen Margo became her patron. Gournay was invited to the Queen's royal salon and received financial support on a quarterly basis.

She translated works by Sallust, Ovid, Virgil, and Tacitus. Gournay also wrote verses about her cat Léonore (also the name of Montaigne's daughter) and Joan of Arc, adapted Ronsard, wrote on the instruction of princes, and criticized the Précieuses. In 1619 she published the translation Versions de quelques pièces de Virgile, Tacite, Salluste with a preface in which she opposed François de Malherbe's view that the French language had to be purged. Gournay was accused of being ridiculous, past-orientated, and of being an old maid. In turn, Gournay published a fierce defense of women's rights in 1622, Égalité des Hommes et des Femmes, which she dedicated to Queen Anne d'Autriche. In 1624 she published a bold revision of Pierre de Ronsard's poem Remerciement, au Roy. In her 1626 novel Le Promenoir de M. de Montaigne qui traite de l’amour dans l’œuvre de Plutarque she explored the dangers women face when they become dependent on men. A collection of her works was published in 1626 entitled L'ombre de la damoiselle de Gournay. She moved to an apartment on the rue Saint Honoré and helped to establish the French Academy. The small pension granted to her by Cardinal Richelieu allowed her to publish a 1635 edition of Montaigne's Essays. In 1641 she published another collection of her own works Les Advis, ou les Presens de la Demoiselle de Gournay. She died in 1645, aged 79, and is buried at the Saint-Eustache Church in Paris. Marie de Gournay is now recognized as the first woman in France to contribute to literary criticism and one of the first to argue forcibly on the equality of men and women. Her final collected works ran to nearly 1,000 pages.

Views on women's education
Gournay's arguments for women's right to education had a religious underpinning. Gournay was Roman Catholic and known as an opponent of the Protestant movement in the French wars of religion. She advocated for women's education in two treatises, Égalité des Hommes et des Femmes (The Equality of Men and Women), published 1622, and Grief des Dames (The Ladies' Grievance) published 1626. She argued that men and women were equal because "the virtue of men and virtue of women are the same thing, since God bestowed on them the same creation and the same honor".

"'Happy are you, reader, if you do not belong to this sex to which all good is forbidden'"

In The Equality of Men and Women Gournay structured her argument similarly to Christine de Pizan, and started by profiling great women of the past to demonstrate the ability of women to learn. She avoided the discussion on superiority of one sex over the other by stressing the equality of men and women. But she attacked the notion that great women simply resembled great men. She argued that it was no surprise that women were perceived as incompetent, ignorant, and focused on their bodies, given that women received little education. Gournay argued that given the same opportunities, privileges, and education as men, women could equal men's accomplishments. In The Ladies' Grievance Gournay complained that women did not own property, exercise freedom, or have access to public office. She argued that educated women had the right to be heard, just as educated men do. Like René Descartes she separated the mind from the body, and argued that women were as capable as men.

Works

 * Adieu de l'âme du Roy de France et de Navarre Henry le Grand à la Royne, avec la défence des Pères Jésuites / par la damoiselle de G.
 * L'ombre de la damoiselle de Gournay (1626, 1634 and 1641)
 * Les advis ou Les présens de la demoiselle de Gournay (1634)
 * Les essais de Michel seigneur de Montaigne : nouvelle édition exactement purgée des défauts des precedentes, selon le vray original, et enrichie & augmentée aux marges du nom des autheurs qui y sont citez, & de la version de leurs passages, avec des observations très importantes & necessaires pour le soulagement du lecteur, ensemble la vie de l'auteur, & deux tables, l'une des chapitres, & l'autre des principales matières, de beaucoup plus ample & plus utile que celles des dernieres éditions / [Henri Estienne] ; [Marie de Jars de Gournay]
 * First volume of her complete works (1641) was published in 1997 by Rodopi

Publications
De l'éducation des Enfans de France - Naissance des Enfans de France - Exclamation sur l'assassinat deplorable de l'année 1610 - Adieu de l'ame du Roy à la Reyne Regente son espouse - Priere pour l'ame du mesme Roy, escrite à son trépas - Gratification à Venise sur une victoire - Institution du Prince - Du langage François - De la medisance - Des fausses devotions, Si la vangeance est licite - Antipathie des ames basses et hautes - Consideration sur quelques contes de Cour - Advis à quelques gens d'Église - Que les grands esprits et les gens de bien s'entrecherchent - De la neantise de la commune vaillance de ce temps et du peu de prix de la qualité de Noblesse - Que l'integrité suit la vraye suffisance - Sur la version des Poètes antiques, ou des Metaphores - Chrysante, ou convalescence d'une petite fille - Des Vertus vicieuses - Des Rymes - Des diminutifs François - Des grimaces mondaines - De l'impertinente amitié - Des sottes ou presomptives finesses - Grief des Dames - Défense de la Poësie et du langage des Poètes - Advis sur la nouvelle edition du Promenoir - Promenoir - Apologie pour celle qui escrit - Lettre sur l'art de traduire les Orateurs - Version d'une Oraison de Tacite - Version d'une Oraison de Salluste - Epistre de Laodamie traduicte d'Ovide - Seconde Philippique de Ciceron traduicte - De la façon d'escrire de Messieurs du Perron et Bertault, qui sert d'Advertissement sur les Poesies de ce volume - Partie du Premier de l'Æneide, commençant où monsieur le Cardinal du Perron acheve de le traduire - Second de l'Æneide traduict - Partie du Quatriesme de l'Æneide, commençant comme dessus après monsieur le Cardinal, Bouquet de Pynde, composé de fleurs diverses - Si ce Livre me survit...
 * Œuvres complètes : Les advis ou Les présens de la demoiselle de Gournay ; T. Du Bray, 1634 Lire en ligne sur Gallica
 * avant 1588 : un sonnet et une ode dans les « Regrets funèbres sur la mort d'Aymée ». In Œuvres de Pierre de Brach (Le Tombeau d'Aymée)
 * 1594 : Le Proumenoir de Monsieur de Montaigne
 * 1595 : Préface sur les Essais de Michel, seigneur de Montaigne Lire en ligne sur gallica, in Les Essais de Michel Seigneur de Montaigne
 * 1595 : hommage en prose à Jean de Sponde, dans Response du Feu Sieur de Sponde...
 * 1598 : Preface sur les Essais de Michel, seigneur de Montaigne, in Les Essais de Michel Seigneur de Montaigne
 * 1608 : Bienvenue de Monseigneur le duc d'Anjou
 * 1610 : Adieu de l'Ame du Roy de France et de Navarre Henry le Grand, avec la Défense des Peres Jesuites
 * 1619 : Versions de quelques pièces de Virgile, Tacite, Salluste, avec l'Institution de Monseigneur, frere unique du Roy (comprend également un « traicté sur la Poësie »).
 * 1620 : Eschantillons de Virgile
 * 1620 : deux poèmes dans Les Muses en deuil
 * 1621 : Traductions. Partie du Quatriesme de l'Eneide, avec une oraison de Tacite, et une de Saluste
 * 1622 : Égalité des Hommes et des Femmes
 * 1624 : Remerciement, au Roy
 * 1626 : L’ombre de la Damoiselle de Gournay – œuvre composée de mélanges – L’homme est l’ombre d’un songe & son œuvre est son ombre qui comprend :
 * 1628 : trois poèmes, in Recueil de plusieurs inscriptions proposées pour remplir les Tables d'attente estans sous les statues du Roy Charles VII et de la Pucelle d'Orléans...
 * 1634 : Les Advis, ou les Presens de la Demoiselle de Gournay (ajoute à L'Ombre : Discours sur ce livre à Sophrosine, Oraison du Roy à S. Louys durant le siège de Rhé, Première delivrance de Casal, De la temerité et la traduction du VIe livre de l'Énéide).
 * 1635 : un poème, in Le Sacrifice des Muses
 * 1635 : un poème, in Le Parnasse royal
 * 1641 : réédition des Advis
 * 1642 : deux épigrammes, in le Jardin des Muses
 * 1644 : une épigramme, in l'Approbation du Parnasse qui précède Les Chevilles de Me Adam Menuisier de Nevers

title: Marie de Gournay


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Talk:Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands

Penetration
My apologies if appropriate, for removing the last edit. Anything which says that 'penetration is over 100%' is suspect. If the rest of the information is valid, please re-add in an appropriate way. DJ Clayworth 18:44, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Penetration is over 100%, I'll check the exact figures and put them there, but every house has at least one line, many have more, and of course business can have many lines. Therefore penetration is well over 100%. --Tweed 01:38, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Malvinas?
Back on 5 and 6 January 2014 I made a round of three updates to this article. Before I started my edits the article was tagged as "may require rewriting and/or reformatting". The article had the single line:
 * Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands

rather than a proper lead. I changed this to read:
 * Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) includes radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

On 28 January User:Andhanq deleted the name "(Malvinas)" with an edit summary that said "Article is in English, no need for that name here". I reverted that change with an edit summary that said "rv, from the Falkland Islands article: "The United Nations ... official designation for the territory is 'Falkland Islands (Malvinas)' ". On 30 January User:Andhanq reverted my revert and removed "(Malvinas)" again with an edit summary of "This compromise name is not used locally. It is as absurd as "FYROM". It is mentioned in the main article, that is enough".

I originally added "(Malvinas)" to the lead because I felt that if that was part of the official name used by the UN, that it should be included and because it might be helpful to people who had heard or read the two names, letting them know that they are in fact two names for the same place, rather than two different places, and they had in fact found the correct article. The CIA World Factbook, where a bunch of this article's facts come from, uses a heading that reads "Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)". The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) uses "Falkland Islands (Malvinas)" or less often for documents in Spanish "Malvinas (Islas) (Falkland)". On Wikipedia there is a #REDIRECT page from Malvinas to the main Falkland Islands page.

So, including "(Malvinas)" in the lead for this article certainly does no harm and it may be helpful to some people. I'd like to add it back. What do others think? --Jeff Ogden (W163) (talk) 14:43, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Well. Good to have a discussion, rather than just change it back and forth. In my opinon people reading en-wp are most familiar with the name Falkland Islands. So there is no need to "explain" it by putting (Malvinas) in brackets. The double name including "Malvinas" is some form of compromise made to please the Argentines. It is the same with the strange "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (trying to make the Greeks happy). Perhaps theese forms must be used in some UN-related circumstances not to obset Argentina or Greece respectively. On Wikipedia such names can be explained in the articles about the respective country. Due to the bahaviour of their neighbour the "Malvinas"-name is offesive to Falkland Islanders. --Andhanq (talk) 16:44, 30 January 2014 (UTC).

 * See WP:NCGN for the standing Wikipedia consensus on this. This article is not a geographical article and does not directly deal with the dispute, so "Malvinas" does not belong.

 * I'd note that the UN is not a politically neutral body, and like many international organisations has to dance diplomatic circles around the two parties to the dispute. Malvinas sees no significant usage as an English word, except in sources directly influenced by the Argentine government, so the likelihood of confusion is small. Kahastok talk 17:58, 30 January 2014 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wisp

Wisp or WISP may refer to:

Acronyms

 * Wartime Information Security Program
 * WISP (particle physics), Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particle or Weakly Interacting Slender Particle in hypothetical quantum mechanics
 * WISP1, WISP2, and WISP3, the human genes encoding the WNT1 Inducible Signaling Pathway proteins 1, 2, and 3
 * Wireless Internet service provider, is an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that provides connectivity via WLAN
 * Wireless identification and sensing platform (WISP) is a software-configurable passive UHF RFID tag

Mythology and fiction

 * Night wisp, a fictional creature in the Sword of Truth series by Terry Goodkind
 * Wisp, the birth name of a fictional young orphan girl who would later become known as Rainbow Brite
 * Wisp is a nature spirit associated with the Night Elf race in the MMORPG World of Warcraft
 * Wisp (Sonic), the alien race in the Sonic the Hedgehog games

Other uses

 * WISP (AM), a radio station (1570 AM) licensed to Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States
 * Wisp (musician), a shoegaze musician
 * Wisp Ski Resort, in western Maryland
 * Colgate Wisp, a single-use toothbrush
 * Agriocnemis, a genus of damselfly commonly known as a wisp

title: Wisp


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Aly Bain

Aly Bain MBE (born 15 May 1946) is a Scottish fiddler who learned his instrument from the old-time master Tom Anderson. The former First Minister of Scotland Jack McConnell called Bain a "Scottish icon."

Career
Bain was born in the town of Lerwick, in the Shetland Islands of Scotland. In the early years of his career, he was—briefly and unofficially—part of the band The Humblebums with Gerry Rafferty, Billy Connolly and Tam Harvey. He was one of the members of the band "Gordon Hank and the Country Ramblers", which also included Gordon Smith, Ian Stewart and Jack Robertson in 1967 and was based in Shetland.

He became nationally prominent as a founding member of The Boys of the Lough, a Scots-Irish folk group, with whom he played for over 30 years.

Simultaneously, Bain pursued a solo career in collaborative and television projects with Pelicula Films director Mike Alexander and producer Douglas Eadie, working on several international television series: The Down home Recordings (which described how fiddling music spread from Scotland and Ireland to America ), The Shetland Sessions (recorded at the Shetland folk festival in 1991 ), Aly Meets The Cajuns, and six series of the Transatlantic Sessions. Since the early eighties, Bain has regularly collaborated and recorded with prominent, international musicians, including: Phil Cunningham, Jerry Douglas, Emmylou Harris, Norman Blake, Mark O'Connor, Jay Ungar, Mary Black, Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh, Dan Tyminski, Rosanne Cash, James Taylor, Eddi Reader, Paul Brady, Darrell Scott, Michael Doucet, Martha Wainwright, Kate & Anna McGarrigle, John Martyn, Danny Thompson, Iris DeMent, Karen Matheson, Karan Casey, Donal Lunny, Joan Osborne, Allison Moorer, Bruce Molsky and Allan MacDonald, bringing traditional music to a wider audience.

In 1989, Bain played at the Carnegie Hall in New York, USA, to a capacity crowd.

In 1993, his autobiography Fiddler on the Loose, co-written with Alastair Clark, was published by "Mainstream".

In 1999 Bain played at the first opening of the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.

In 2000, Bain played at the funeral of the Scottish first minister Donald Dewar.

In 2006, a television programme celebrating Bain's 60th birthday was broadcast by the BBC, documenting his life and works. The same year, Bain was inducted into the Scots Traditional Music Hall of Fame.

In 2009, Bain collaborated with Nicola Benedetti to create a television programme for BBC Scotland: When Nicola Benedetti Met Aly Bain, broadcast the same year.

In 2010, Bain made a further hour-long television programme for BBC with Pelicula Films and Billy Connolly: Fishing for Poetry, celebrating the life and works of the Scottish Poet Norman MacCaig.

In 2012, Bain and Cunningham celebrated their 25th anniversary of touring as a fiddle and accordion duo. Bain also tours with Swedish multi-instrumentalist Ale Möller (with whom he has recorded two albums) and with American old-time fiddler, singer, guitarist and banjo player Bruce Molsky; as a trio, they released their first album in 2013.

Honours and awards
Bain has received many honours for his services to music. In 1989, he received a Silver Disc from the Record Industry Association for his Aly Meets the Cajuns recording. A further Silver Disc followed in 1991 for The Pearl, recorded on his own Edinburgh Record Label, Whirlie Records.

In 1994, he was awarded the MBE for his musical accomplishments.

He also has received five honorary Doctor of Music (DMus) degrees from: Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama; Stirling University; The University of St Andrews (2003); The Open University (2005) and Edinburgh University (2009).

In 2005, he and Phil Cunningham won the BBC’s "Best Duo of the Year" award.

On 27 November 2007, Bain and Cunningham were awarded Doctor of Letters from Glasgow Caledonian University for their contributions to music and to the education and encouragement of young musicians.

In 2010, Bain won the BBC Radio 2 Folk "Good Tradition Award".

In the 2013 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards, Bain was honoured with a lifetime achievement award.

He has also received several honorary doctorates in the US.

Personal life
Bain has three daughters - Annalese, Jessica and Sophie who were respectively 25, 24 and 8 years old in 2003.

He endorsed the independence campaign in the Scottish independence referendum, 2014.

Solo albums

 * Aly Bain (1984)
 * Lonely Bird (1992)
 * The Best of Aly Bain:Volume One:A Fiddler's Tale (2008)

From television series

 * The Legendary Down Home Recordings
 * Aly Bain Meets The Cajuns (1994)
 * Aly Bain and Friends (1994)
 * Aly Bain and Young Champions (2005)
 * The Shetland Sessions [Vol. 1] (1992)
 * The Shetland Sessions [Vol. 2] (1993)

Transatlantic Sessions

 * Transatlantic Sessions 3 [Vol.1] (2007) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 3 [Vol.2] (2008) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * The Original Transatlantic Sessions [Vol.1] (2008) (with Jay Ungar and various artists)
 * The Original Transatlantic Sessions [Vol.2] (2008) (with Jay Ungar and various artists)
 * The Original Transatlantic Sessions [Vol.3] (2009) (with Jay Ungar and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 4[Vol.1] (2009) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 4[Vol.2] (2010) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 4[Vol.3] (2010) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 5[Vol.1] (2011) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 5[Vol.2] (2012) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 5[Vol.3] (2012) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 2[Vol.1] (2013) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 2[Vol.2] (2013) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 2[Vol.3] (2013) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions 6[Vol.1] (2013) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)

With Mike Whellans

 * Aly Bain - Mike Whellans (1971)

With Willie Johnson

 * Shetland Folk Fiddle Volume 2 (1976)

With The Boys of the Lough

 * The Boys of the Lough (1973)
 * Second Album (1973)
 * Recorded Live (1975)
 * Lochaber No More (1975)
 * The Piper's Broken Finger (1976)
 * Good Friends-Good Music (1977)
 * Wish You Were Here (1978)
 * Re-Grouped (1980)
 * In the Tradition (1981)
 * Open Road (1983)
 * Far from Home (1986)
 * Welcoming Paddy Home (1986)
 * Farewell and Remember Me (1987)
 * Sweet Rural Shade (1988)
 * Live at The Carnegie Hall (1989)
 * The Fair Hills of Ireland (1992)
 * The Day Dawn (1994)
 * The West of Ireland (1999)

In 2009 Paidriag O'Keefe's/Con Cassidy's from In The Tradition was included in Topic Records 70 year anniversary boxed set Three Score and Ten as track fourteen on the third CD.

With Tom Anderson

 * The Silver Bow (1995) (2008)

In 2009 Soldier's Joy from The Silver Bow was also included in Three Score and Ten as track seven on the fourth CD.

With Phil Cunningham

 * The Pearl (1995)
 * The Ruby (1997)
 * Another Gem (2000)
 * Spring the Summer Long (2003)
 * Best of Aly and Phil Volume One (2004)
 * Roads Not Travelled (2006)
 * Portrait (2010)
 * Five and Twenty (2012)
 * Best of Aly and Phil Volume Two (2013)

With Ale Möller

 * Fully Rigged (1999)
 * Beyond the Stacks (2007)
 * Meeting Point Aly Bain, Ale Moller and Bruce Molsky (2013)

With Kvifte, Sommerro, Yndestad and Solberg

 * North Sea Music (2006)

With BT Scottish Ensemble

 * Follow the Moonstone (1995) arr. Henning Sommerro

DVDs

 * Another Musical Interlude (2004) (with Phil Cunningham)
 * Transatlantic Sessions Series 3 (2007) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * The Original Transatlantic Sessions: Series 1 (2008) (with Jay Ungar and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions Series 4 (2009) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions Series 5 (2011) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions Series 2 (2012) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)
 * Aly Meets The Cajuns (2012) (with Dewey Balfa and various artists)
 * Transatlantic Sessions Series 6 (2013) (with Jerry Douglas and various artists)

title: Aly Bain