text:
User talk:DV8 2XL

 * You may leave a message here if you wish, however I will probably not see it for some time. If anyone needs to contact me please send e-mail to:  dv82xl@gmail.com --DV8 2XL 01:07, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Comments on DV8 2XL's "exit statement"
I just spotted your user-page essay, via the message you left on User:Hillman's talk page. I absolutely agree with all your comments and I wish there was some way to make things better. –Joke 14:41, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * DV8 2XL wrote "Scanning my watch list, reverting vandals, cruft patrol, and troll abatement had become just another duty that had to be performed in a duty-filled day. Creating new content, the reason I joined the project, had become more the exception than the rule." This is exactly the frustration numerous other long-time editors have expressed, and as he notes, this lamentable phenomenon has been noted by several print media critics of Wikipedia, including Stacy Schiff in the New Yorker; see User:Hillman/Media commentary on Wikipedia.  I suggest that frustration over an increasingly absurd amount of time devoted to cruft control and policy discussion is approaching a crisis point, and that Wikipedia is in danger of losing an entire generation of its most devoted and experienced contributors.  Even worse, if this problem is not addressed, the next generation will also be lost, after a probably shorter "disillusionment time".

 * I like the term "stakeholder" and will try to incorporate it into my own policymaking essays (if I ever find time to finish them!). I also think DV8 2XL has hit on a key point when he mentions "egalitarianism"; this goes right back to the early essay by Larry Sanger (see User:Hillman/Media commentary on Wikipedia for a link) warning of the danger posed by the populist anti-intellectual anti-elitist political philosophy of the Wikipedia community.  I think that what many editors are discovering is that a complete egalitarianism, where some anon IP vandal has the same privileges as a long-time contributor, is not in the best interests of either our readers or our contributors.

 * DV8 2XL has identified a troubling paradox when he writes "the more effort that is made to defend the integrity of the Project, the more valuable a target for exploitation by malicious editors it becomes." This is an interesting--- and disturbing--- refinement of the oft-expressed idea that as Wikipedia becomes one of the most popular websites on the planet, the Google-Wikipedia synergy (which DV8 2XL also mentions in his essay) becomes an increasingly tempting target for organized efforts to disrupt the project (one of the most disturbing new developments is Gregory Koh's arguments that Wikipedia must legalize and regulate wikimercernaries, on the grounds that this is better than trying to proscribe an uncontrollable activity, which appears to have convinced Jimmy Wales, which would certainly raise some questions in my mind about how serious Jimbo really is about the Year of Quality).

 * DV8 2XL well describes the frustration of technically able and scientifically knowledgeable cruft controllers when he writes "A few months before I left I was treated to the spectacle of no less than six editors claiming Phds trying to reason one of these idiots out of his notions of the existence of a ceramic gas, and thinking what waste of talent. In the end the crank had to be brought before ArbCom and was subsequently barred, but only after tying up mine and several other editors time for months. Undaunted, this individual has opened several sockpuppet accounts and continues to push his ideas on the same pages he was barred from. The fiction is that these people need to be educated in the ways of the 'pedia - the truth is that by in large they are beyond redemption because they are parasites, scofflaws or insane." Well said!  While I was not aware of this particular incident, this kind of absurdly time wasting experience is exactly what I am talking about when I decry the absurdly time consuming social mechanisms currently deployed to reign in problem editors.

 * I have yet to write my essay describing "edit creep", but briefly put, this the phenomenon by which good writing is gradually replaced by bad writing. This occurs when well-intentioned but clumsy editors who are
 * native speakers of English who happen to be inexperienced or careless writers,
 * editors whose enthusiasm greatly exceeds their command on the English language (which is certainly not the world's easiest to learn as a foreign language)
 * through inattention/inexperience gradually
 * introduce poor diction/grammar,
 * remove stylish flourishes (such as taking advantage of the huge vocabulary of English by using an unusual word with certain connotations),
 * mindlessly "modernize" vocubulary in a period quotation from say the American Civil War, sometimes turning sense into nonsense (e.g. if the older term is discussed in a succeeding paragraph, which now has no referent),
 * break the symmetry of verb tense,
 * introduce new material with utter disregard for pre-existing structure, thus breaking a well constructed paragraph structure,
 * generally destroy the previously thoughtful and well-crafted flow of ideas,
 * thus gradually rendering a well written article which is a joy to read an almost unreadable mess. When DV8 2XL writes "other irritants include those that feel the need to 'polish' otherwise stable articles with bad grammar and oversimplifications; editors for whom English is a second tongue but have no grasp of this language's idiom making a stand on what they perceive the meaning to be" he is talking about edit creep.

 * (By the way, writing for the Wikipedia is clearly an excellent way for inexperienced writers to improve their writing skills; our complaint is however that such writers shouldn't be given free reign to "experiment" with a former featured article before they have demonstrated sufficient writing skills to alter such a already good article.)

 * Regarding the fact (I hope we can stipulate that this is a fact!) that the existing sociopolitical structures at Wikipedia for dealing with problem editors are completely overwhelmed, DV8 2XL says: "the solution, as I see it, is to create a much larger pool of arbitrators who would accept cases earlier in the conflict, and expand the purview of arbitration to include violations of basic policy." Unfortunately, it is far from clear to me where this pool would be drawn from.  In my own case, I feel that I am still virtually the only Wikipedian who knows enough about certain areas of mainstream gtr (exact solutions, gravitomagnetism, gravitational radiation, energy of the gravitational field, Mach principle/"rotating frames" and other frame-field related stuff, etc.) to comment in dozens of cases involving gtr-related crackpottery (see WikiProject Physics for some very misleading but still unaddressed problem articles which I noted after my departure; a glance at my watchlist shows much less activity in articles I created, but only because after I left the cranks rushed in to alter these articles to present their dissident viewpoints!), but my expertise is better put to content creation which someone of lesser knowledge cannot possibly accomplish.  So I don't know where these new ArbCommers would be drawn from.  I think the solution must lie instead in some kind of "stabilization/bastion" scheme which puts better and better articles inside concentric rings, and requires that only higher and higher graded editors can alter these.  Clearly such schemes will be very difficult to design and implement, even if the political seachange they would require can be brought about. ---CH 20:54, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

The paragraph about the article on which six PhDs wasted their time trying to stop one crank from introducing his dissident viewpoints – uranium trioxide if I am not mistaken – also struck me as chilling, as sort of a grotesque version of my own experience on Wikipedia. I am surprised this issue hasn't been taken up in the media coverage of the encyclopedia more.

In any case, I think you're both right. Probably the solution will eventually involve a much expanded ArbCom as well as some kind of content-blessing system. Both these seem to be in the works, in their way, but given the Wikipedia's policy of extreme gradualism, I think their appearance won't have much effect for many months to come. –Joke 21:43, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

 * While I could and probably would dispute various individual points DV8 2XL and Hillman have raised (I'm a born contrarian), I find myself in agreement with their overall conclusions. I will probably leave the WP out of general burnout before these issues drive me away, but that is just a matter of my quirky personality and the trouble it causes.  For the moment, let me just say that CH's remark about a "stabilization/bastion" scheme echoes some recent thoughts of my own.  Last week or thereabouts, I thought of a way to implement such a scheme without a "political seachange"; perhaps the next time I have extremely important work to procrastinate upon, I'll be able to organize my thoughts on this into a nice essay and sample the community responses.  Anville 22:34, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, do tell! Or I'll go do something useful (somewhere other than WP)! :-/  ---CH 22:47, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

I thank you all for your responses to what was a poorly written bit of bile. I had hoped that some time away would let me recharge, however lurking about for a few days before posting to my user page I realized in disappointment and anger there was no coming back unless there were significant changes.

I suggested that ArbCom be expanded as beginning after some thought and some poking about in other 'departments' of this place. CH, I am familiar with your ideas in these matters, and I agree that what you have suggested would be ideal in the sci/tech articles; what I cannot see is how they could be applied to some of the softer topics. Nor am I sure that having different rules for different parts of the Wiki is workable, or ideologically acceptable.

You are right about the problem of finding more arbitrators, although I would think that even quadrupling the current pool would allow cases to be dealt with earlier in the conflict cycle and perhaps settled more expediently.

The issue of Wikimercenaries was brought up in an e-mail I received from another person I used to edit with, wondering if I would like to join him and three others in such an effort should this become legal. I declined, not on ethical grounds, but because I could not imagine that I would be interested at all in Wikipedia should it turn in that direction. I am not a fool. In the company that I work for the PR folks wrote and maintain/guard the article on us, and this is also true of the town I live in and these are not unique cases, so there are payed editors in the strict sense of the word. However I believe (or at least their actions lead me to believe) that they know they are working outside the Pale, and govern themselves accordingly. To licence this activity is an incubus for more trouble than the cranks, vandals, and incompetent put together.

Chris, You asked on your talk page if I would stick about for a while to help. I'll be glad to, just ask and I will do what I can. Get me by e-mail if I'm not responding here. DV8 2XL 02:25, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

Deleted disruptive rant by crank
I removed a pointless tirade (personal attack removed). Allow me to take my leave with some measure of decorum: please don't revert it back. DV8 2XL 00:37, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * First of all, the word "crank" is a personal attack, and as continued and repeated victim I object to it, and the fact that DV8 2XL has repeatedly refused to remove it here along with the similar attacks on his main user page.
 * Those who are interested in the details of this subject can find them at Talk:Uranium trioxide. I am disheartened by the number of people who apparently feel that links to that discussion should not remain in place.  Is the evidence so overwhelming that censorship is the only remaining alternative for the other side of this argument? LossIsNotMore 03:13, 11 September 2006 (UTC)
 * That link is broken; here is a short summary: In Carter, R.F. and K. Stewart (1970) "On the oxide fume formed by the combustion of plutonium and uranium" Inhaled Particles 2:819-38 (PMID 5527739) in particular, section (f) on page 836 indicates that about half of burning uranium goes into a gaseous vapor fume, instead of the aerosol particulates which have thus far been the only portion measured by those responsible for insuring depleted uranium munitions safety.  Volatility of uranium trioxide (a/k/a uranyl oxide) gas can be plotted from Alexander (2005) and Ackermann et al. (1956), resulting in a very large DOF-adjusted R^2 corresponding to the 95% confidence interval shown. For the burning temperature of the shower-of-sparks which is the result of DU munitions use on hard targets, please see Mouradian and Baker (1963), and in particular figures 4 and 6 on page 392.  James S. 15:48, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Copied
I copied your comments on the 'Elsewhere' page onto the ER page, as though I am no longer involved in it, your comments were good. Dbuckner 09:35, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Just a reminder...
Just a reminder to make sure that any proposed soltion you add to User:LinaMishima/Experts Problem has a clear enough basis from the listed or speculated problems, and can you make sure that no discussion of the problems themselves appear in that section? We do really need to make sure the reasoning is watertight and complete from real established problems by several users (and ideally are issues for the overall community as a whole). LinaMishima 21:42, 4 September 2006 (UTC)

Goodbye
I gave it one last shot, to see if some coordinated effort could be mounted to address some of the issues that drove me and others from this wiki. Unfortunately it seems that while everyone agrees that there is a problem, no one has the stomach to put words into action and take the steps necessary to bring this issue to a head. I suggested that we call a Editors Strike, and was told we need to dialog with the leadership of the wiki. It is my feeling that Wales knows damned well what is going on and probably knows the steps that are needed to bring it under control. If not for ideological reasons then because of some other agenda he chooses not to and that is his prerogative. It is my prerogative not to participate in this project if I feel my time is being wasted, and I continue to be frustrated by the actions of others who seem to wish to destroy what other have built.

I wish all of you good luck,

 * goodbye. --DV8 2XL 00:51, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Happy trails, friend. Dr U 00:58, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I feel sad that I have to say goodbye to one of my friends, a quote from Evita comes to mind right now... "Where do we go from here ?".Cadmium 08:26, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It's too bad you've left before I even got to meet you. It's because there are less people like you, scientists, engineers, people who make the world move, that (in America at least) science knowledge has declined so badly. The fact that uninformed people go to Wikipedia to learn about a scientific topic or concept or machine is more the reason to make sure that those articles stay as close to facts and science as possible.  So many other websites copy Wikipedia verbatim.  I couldn't care less if the page on some pop star isn't absolutely correct, but science??  Sad.  (Gaviidae) 82.93.133.130 13:11, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Already missed
Might I say that the mere fact that you have left the projects makes me feel hopeless for the project for I forsee many others in your situation. I think that there are not enough experts and that we do a poor job in keeping them.

Thanks for the note you left on your user page and for the time you gave to WP as a great participant. Lincher 01:30, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

I didn't even know ya
I have no idea who you are, but I was hoping to get what your source was for some weird history page. Anyhow, my thoughts on your exit are likewise. I have tried to keep out of the articles that I don't have a large stake in, or articles which are more or less purely science--at least the wikipedia rules are a little less flexible with science. On the other hand, like most things, the theory is nice, but in reality, we've got human nature to put theory in its place. Best of luck using your brain for more worthy things. And thanks for your contributions. Rhetth (talk) 04:04, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Modern crystal radio set.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Modern crystal radio set.jpg, which you've sourced to http://va6bc.no-ip.com/jerry_pix/crystal_radio/index.htm. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

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If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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A kitten for you!
I am glad to see that you are fighting on the side of reason. I'm close friends with your son, and he showed me some of your work.

Onixz100 (talk) 07:44, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:DV8 2XL


text:
USS Sacagawea

USS Sacagawea may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

 * USS Sacagawea (YT-241), was a tugboat, launched in 1942; acceptance by the Navy was canceled in 1942, but she was retained by the Maritime Commission.
 * USS Sacagawea (YT-326), was a tugboat, acquired by the Navy and renamed in 1942, and struck in 1945.
 * USNS Sacagawea (T-AKE-2) is a Lewis and Clark-class dry cargo ship, launched in 2006 and in active service

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: USS Sacagawea


text:
LazyTown

LazyTown (Latibær) is an English-language Icelandic children's educational television series created by aerobics champion Magnús Scheving. The show was designed to encourage healthy lifestyles. The series was based on Scheving's stage plays Áfram Latibær! (itself adapted from a book that Scheving wrote in 1991).

The series was commissioned by Nickelodeon in early 2003, following the production of two stage plays and a test pilot. It was originally performed in English, the show has been dubbed into more than thirty languages (including Icelandic) and broadcast in over 180 countries. The show combines live action, puppetry and computer animation, making it one of the most expensive children's shows ever made.

The first two series (fifty-two episodes) were produced from 2004 to 2007. LazyTown originally aired on Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block in the United States and the United Kingdom and RÚV in Iceland. Turner Broadcasting System Europe acquired LazyTown Entertainment in 2011 and commissioned the third and fourth series for a total of 26 new episodes, which premiered in 2013 on Turner's Cartoonito and later on Viacom's Channel 5.

Multiple spin-offs were created, including stage productions and a short-format television programme for younger children titled LazyTown Extra.

Plot
The series follows a shy but sassy 8-year-old pink-haired girl named Stephanie, the newest resident of the LazyTown community. She has moved to LazyTown to live with her uncle, Mayor Meanswell, and is surprised to learn that all of her neighbors lead inactive lifestyles. With the help of an above-average hero named Sportacus, she helps teach the other residents how to partake in more athletic pastimes. Her attempts are often nearly thwarted by Robbie Rotten, who prefers to lead a sluggish life and is agitated by the sudden boom of physical activity. On a regular basis, Robbie devises ill-judged schemes to make LazyTown lazy once again. However, his plans (which, ironically, involve him becoming physically active) are never foolproof and always end with him losing.

Each of the children that Stephanie befriends embodies negative characteristics. Ziggy, who is kind-hearted and wants to be a superhero when he grows up, has an unbalanced diet devoid of fruits and vegetables. Pixel is a reclusive inventor who spends too much time on his computer. Stingy has a self-centered attitude and is possessive of nearly everything in town. Trixie is a troublemaker with little respect for rules and other people. As the series progresses, the characters become less lazy in favor of a healthier way of living which promotes such lifestyle to the audience watching to help with childhood obesity.

The program features a predominantly Eurodance soundtrack. Each episode features at least one original song and concludes with a different performance of "Bing Bang (Time to Dance)", which is sung by Stephanie. Many tracks are reworked versions of songs from the basis for Icelandic plays.

Main

 * Sportacus 10 (Íþróttaálfurinn) (portrayed by Magnús Scheving) is LazyTown's own "slightly above average hero" and the male main protagonist. He lives in a futuristic blue airship above LazyTown (called the "Sports Ship" in Series 4) and is alerted to people who need help by a beeping crystal that glows on the chest of his costume. Understanding, humble, courageous and helpful, he is devoted to exercise and has a rivalry with Robbie Rotten (though he always helps Robbie when the latter gets into trouble). Sportacus lives on a diet of fruit and vegetables, to which he refers as "sports candy". Consuming junk food causes him to immediately lose all his strength and abilities, which can only be restored by eating healthier options. In the third series, he gains some new gear, including a backpack which is integrated into his outfit. The backpack contains sports candy and various sports equipment, and his crystal now flashes red when his energy is low.
 * Stephanie (Solla Stirða) (portrayed by Shelby Young in the unaired pilot, Julianna Rose Mauriello in Series 1–2 and Chloe Lang in Series 3–4) is a happy-go-lucky, sweet-natured, shy but sassy 8-year-old newcomer to LazyTown and the female main protagonist of the show. She lives in a yellow house with Mayor Meanswell, her uncle. Recognizable by her pink hair and all-pink outfit, Stephanie is initially disappointed by Ziggy, Pixel, Stingy and Trixie's laziness, and tries to convince them to try healthier activities. Her attempts are often nearly thwarted by Robbie Rotten, but Stephanie is eternally optimistic and always manages to triumph over any challenges in the end. Stephanie is also an aspiring cheerleader and dancer, so she appreciates the fantastic moves that Sportacus performs.
 * Robbie Rotten (Glanni Glæpur) (portrayed by Stefán Karl Stefánsson) is the main antagonist who is always coming up with feckless schemes to keep the denizens of LazyTown lazy. He often disguises himself to trick the kids, or creates inventions to ruin their fun and discourage their newly-active lifestyles. He passionately abhors the influence of Stephanie and Sportacus on the townspeople and a number of his plans involve attempting to do away with them.
 * Ziggy (Siggi Sæti) (puppeteered by Guðmundur Þór Kárason in the US and Lorraine Parsloe in the UK) loves to eat candy and sweets—particularly lollipops and taffy. After Stephanie arrived, he discovered that there is more to childhood than sugary foods. He is now active and participates in any sport the gang plays, but still enjoys candy in moderation. Ziggy is an unsophisticated character who possesses naivety and gullibility. He is also obsessed with Sportacus and idolizes him.
 * Pixel (Goggi Mega) (puppeteered by Ronald Binion/Julie Westwood and voiced by Noel MacNeal/Kobie Powell/Chris Knowings/Ronald Binion in the US and Joanna Ruiz in the UK) is an inventor, passionate about computers and technology. He fixes up all sorts of gadgets to avoid doing physical activities himself. Pixel is not very sociable due to the large amount of time he spends alone, usually playing video games. He has a crush on Stephanie and finds it difficult to talk to her in early episodes. He represents intelligence and common sense. His house often serves as a meeting spot for the rest of kids, since it is spacious and contains a television.
 * Stingy (Nenni Níski) (puppeteered by Jodi Eichelberger in the US and Sarah Burgess/Julie Westwood in the UK) is a selfish, covetous, and upper-class male who owns a yellow car and frequently mentions his unseen father, supposedly the wealthiest man in town. Stingy tends to be snide and churlish, but he still cares about everyone around him, and will share if he agrees to. He represents possessiveness and a self-centered attitude.
 * Trixie (Halla Hrekkjusvín) (puppeteered by Amanda Maddock/Sarah Burgess/Heather Asch/Aymee Garcia and voiced by Sarah Burgess/Heather Asch/Aymee Garcia in the US and Joanna Ruiz in the UK) likes jokes. She tends to make sarcastic remarks about her friends. She refers to Stephanie as "Pinky" (due to her outfit and hair color) when trying to get her attention. In the theme song, Trixie loves to draw moustaches over the Meanswell's posters. Trixie represents impatience and a lack of respect for rules.
 * Mayor Milford Meanswell (Bæjarstjórinn) (puppeteered by David Matthew Feldman) is the mayor who has a crush on Bessie Busybody. He loves his niece Stephanie very much and calls Sportacus to help if she feels sad or is in trouble. His catchphrase is "Oh, my!" whenever anything is wrong. Mayor Meanswell is old-fashioned and often perplexed by modern technological terms.
 * Miss Bessie Busybody (Stína Símalína) (puppeteered by Julie Westwood) is the town PR agent and Mayor Meanswell's secretary/girlfriend. Although patronizing, she tries her best to be motherly with the children. She is pompous, sassy, fashionable, and aware of every new trend. She likes to talk on her cellphone and is sometimes so engaged in a phone call that she is oblivious to the events occurring around her.

Recurring

 * Piggy is Stingy's piggy bank pet, which he treats as if it were a person and often pretends is alive. He considers Piggy his best friend.
 * Jives Junkfood (Maggi Mjói) is a tall and lanky teenage boy who lives alone in his personal house, matching his physical appearance being tall and thin with a green roof and yellow body, that appears to be bending over. Jives is only physically seen in the Icelandic plays, but his home remains in the TV series. He also makes several cameos on cards and books.
 * The rooster (Haninn) is a symbol of LazyTown, appearing on the town seal and on the papers in Mayor Meanswell's filing cabinets. His crowing can be heard during scenes set in the early morning. In the second play, the rooster was an anthropomorphic character who acted as a narrator.
 * Bean is a character exclusive to Sprout's LazyTown spin-off block "The Super Sproutlet Show", and is dressed somewhat like a gardener. She would often show viewers how to plant fruits and vegetables, and how to make healthy meals. She rode around on a bike with a tiny greenhouse on the back.

Episodes
Fifty-two episodes were produced for the first two seasons of LazyTown between 2004 until 2007.

History and production
LazyTown began as a storybook published in 1995 titled Áfram Latibær! ("Go Go LazyTown!"). A second book, Latibær á Ólympíuleikunum (LazyTown at the Olympics), was published in 1996. Later in 1996, a stage adaptation of the first book was shown in Iceland. It featured Stephanie as an out-of-shape dancer and Sportacus as an energetic elf. The puppet characters seen in the television series also appeared in human form, but Robbie Rotten did not yet exist. A third book, Latibær í Vandræðum (LazyTown in Trouble), was published in 1997. This book introduced Robbie Rotten to the franchise. A second stage show based on the third book titled Glanni Glæpur í Latabæ (Robbie Rotten in LazyTown) debuted in 1999. It introduced Stefán Karl Stefánsson as Robbie Rotten and featured more finalized versions of the other characters. Nickelodeon Australia reported that by the time the second play finished touring, LazyTown had become a household name in Iceland. A variety of tie-in products and media were created in the country before Scheving decided to develop LazyTown into a television program; these included bottled water, toy figures, and a radio station. Development on the TV series began in 2000, following the success of the second play. Production on the TV series began in 2002, and in 2003, the pilot was pitched to Nickelodeon. A deal was subsequently made with the network.

In most episodes, the only characters played by live actors are Stephanie, Sportacus, and Robbie Rotten. The rest of the characters are depicted as puppets, made by the Neal Scanlan Studio and Wit Puppets. The show was filmed and produced at 380 Studios, a purpose-built studio near Reykjavík equipped with high-end HDTV production facilities and one of the largest green screens in the world. The production floor area is 1,800 square meters. The budget for each episode was approximately ISK 70,000,000 (US$1 million), about five times the average cost for a children's television program at the time, making it "the most expensive children's show in the world" according to Scheving.

Its virtual sets were generated with an Unreal Engine 3-based framework, created by Raymond P. Le Gué and known as XRGen4. According to Le Gué, "We start with the live actors and puppets on a physical set with a green screen behind them as a backdrop. The green screen is replaced in real time with the sets created in XRGen4 using UE3. As we move the camera and actors around the physical set, the backdrop scene also moves in real time in complete synchronization with the movements of the real camera. All of this is recorded, and the director can watch the resulting composition in real time." Seasons 3 and 4 of LazyTown were filmed as usual in the LazyTown Studios in Iceland, but the special effects for these series were created this by Turner Studios in Atlanta.

Future
On May 16, 2024, Magnús Scheving received the rights for LazyTown back from Warner Bros. Discovery. Also expressing interest in reviving the show in some way, Scheving remarks, "LazyTown must be moving. We sometimes say "Let's move the world". Let's move the world. That's what LazyTown should do. I think that LazyTown has a lot to do again, as can be seen from YouTube views and such. It's a hugely popular topic, incredibly."

Television and on-demand history
In the United States, the show debuted on Nickelodeon on August 16, 2004, and ended on October 15, 2007. The second season debuted in the United States on Nickelodeon in 2006. It also aired in the United States on CBS, as part of the Nick Jr. on CBS Saturday morning block, from September 18, 2004, to September 9, 2006. The series aired daily on the Nick Jr. Channel from September 28, 2009, to July 19, 2010. On April 18, 2011, Sprout acquired the US TV rights to LazyTown. The series aired daily on Sprout from September 5, 2011, to September 26, 2016. LazyTown aired on NBC Kids from July 7, 2012, to March 27, 2016.

The series has been broadcast on a variety of networks internationally, many of which belong to Viacom Media Networks. Nickelodeon Southeast Asia has carried the program in eleven territories. In Austria and Germany, it is shown on Nickelodeon Austria In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it aired on Nick Jr. UK, Noggin, Boomerang and CBeebies. The series arrived in the UK on October 3, 2005, making a simultaneous debut on both Nickelodeon and CBeebies. CBeebies aired the first two series and stopped repeats in March 2012. Nick Jr UK stopped airing repeats in 2011. After the series was revived for seasons three and four, Turner's Cartoonito premiered episodes from 2013 to 2014. Viacom's Channel 5 also aired the newer episodes as part of its Milkshake! programming block until 2016. Channel 5's Demand 5 service carried episodes of the Icelandic version in 2015.

In 2008, a Spanish-dubbed version of LazyTown debuted on V-me, a television network created for the Hispanic market in the US. The Spanish-dubbed version also airs on Telemundo (a sister station to NBC) as part of the weekend pre-school morning block MiTelemundo.

In Brazil, the two first seasons of the show was broadcast with Brazilian Portuguese dubbing on SBT (on the children's television block Bom Dia & Cia), and subsequently on Discovery Kids and Cartoon Network. The last two seasons were broadcast on Boomerang until 2018.

In Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia, the show was broadcast on Ultra TV. A Croatian-dubbed version called Lijeni Grad was broadcast in Croatia on HRT 2.

In Portugal, the first two seasons of the European Portuguese version aired on RTP 2, and Canal Panda, with the latter two seasons airing solely on RTP 2 several years later.

The series has been dubbed into thirty-two languages. In the Icelandic dub, actors Magnús Scheving (Sportacus), Guðmundur Þór Kárason (Ziggy) and Stefán Karl Stefánsson (Robbie Rotten) dubbed themselves on the soundtrack.

Ratings
The week of LazyTown's debut on Nickelodeon in the United States was the channel's highest-rated premiere week in three years. A broadcast of the hour-long primetime episode "LazyTown's New Superhero" in August 2005 drew three million total viewers, ranking number-one in its time period among all broadcast and cable television with the 2–5, 2–11, and 6–11 demographics. The episode garnered double-digit increases over the last Nick Jr. primetime special to air before it, which was an episode of the network's then-highest-rated series Dora the Explorer.

Critical reception
The Hollywood Reporter's Marilyn Moss praised the show's intentions to encourage exercise, calling it "great fun for the very young set, not to mention educational, maybe even life-changing." Justin New of The Washington Times called LazyTown "a great show" and stated that he admired the Sportacus character. Common Sense Media's Joly Herman gave the show a more mixed review, stating that the characters' healthy choices are "sometimes lost in the show's chaotic nature." Pete Vonder Haar of the Houston Press called LazyTown "pretty much the creepiest show on TV since Twin Peaks," citing the "off-putting" mix of live-action and puppetry.

The program has been noted for its appeal towards multiple age groups. In 2005, The Boston Globe stated that the program "has sparked a cult of healthy living among a certain preschool set [and] has a grown-up following, too." Lynne Heffley of the Los Angeles Times stated that LazyTown "has zany appeal, even to viewers who are no longer 'junior.'"

In popular culture
The first LazyTown allusions to coincide any of the characters from the series before memes were created, was a student that resembles the character Stingy, appearing on the Moral Orel episode "God's Blunders" as part of the "special" children, last aired on December 17, 2006.

In 2007, the song "You Are a Pirate" from the 12th episode "Rottenbeard" became an internet meme. In 2011, the song was covered by the pirate metal band Alestorm in their album Back Through Time.

In 2008, the song "Cooking By The Book" from the 6th episode "Swiped Sweets" became an internet meme. It was remixed with Lil Jon's part from his 2004 Snoop Dogg collaboration "Step Yo Game Up". The original upload has over 10 million views while a reupload has amassed over 40 million views. It went further viral on the now defunct video sharing service Vine.

The song "We Are Number One" was named "Dank Meme of the Year" in 2016 on the Reddit subreddit /r/dankmemes, a popular subreddit for memes. The Robbie Rotten memes began in October that year when Stefán Karl Stefánsson, the actor who played Robbie Rotten, announced that he was diagnosed with bile duct cancer.

A GoFundMe page was established by LazyTown head writer Mark Valenti to help the actor as he endured his illness. "We Are Number One" and many other LazyTown videos were used to promote the fundraising effort, which eventually surpassed its $100,000 goal. The campaign was popularized by the YouTube channel SiIvaGunner uploading a "We Are Number One" video. To thank his supporters, Stefánsson celebrated by uploading a video of that song performed with his former cast members and LazyTown's composer. On August 13, 2017, Stefánsson was declared cancer-free after a successful surgery; however, he died on August 21, 2018, after his cancer recurred.

LazyTown Extra
On September 15, 2008, a spin-off television series called LazyTown Extra debuted in the United Kingdom on CBeebies. A "magazine format style show" for 3 to 6-year-olds, it features characters from LazyTown in an assortment of short sketches. 26 episodes of Lazy Town Extra were produced, each between 11 and 15 minutes in duration.

Merchandise
In February 2005, Nickelodeon unveiled a collection of LazyTown products at the American International Toy Fair. Fisher-Price partnered with Viacom's consumer product division to produce the merchandise, all of which was designed to encourage physical activity.

Promotional events
From June to August 2005, LazyTown's Stephanie hosted the "Nick Jr. Power Play Summer" event, which involved a series of television spots that replaced the channel's standard on-air continuity. Similarly to the live performances and the program itself, this campaign was an experiment designed by the network to increase awareness of exercise and nutrition in its preschool audience.

Nickelodeon produced a stage show titled LazyTown Live! in 2005. It debuted at Nickelodeon Suites Resort on 6 August. A modified version toured the United Kingdom and Ireland between October 2007 and August 2008. It introduced a new cast to the United Kingdom, including Julian Essex-Spurrier as Sportacus.

A Spanish-speaking version of the live show premiered in Mexico in 2008, followed by Argentina, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Panama. , it was scheduled to tour the United States in 2010. A Brazilian version of the live show premiered in São Paulo in October 2008. New productions of LazyTown Live had their premieres in November 2009 in Portugal and in March 2010 in Spain by producers Warner Bros. Entertainment. A stage play premiering in 2011 introduced the character and concept for Roboticus, which became the first episode of Season 3 of the show in an abridged form.

From January 28, to November 29, 2009, a live stage production entitled ''LazyTown Live! The Pirate Adventure'' toured the United Kingdom and Ireland. It featured characters and songs from LazyTown, performed by a new cast. In 2016, a UK production entitled LazyTown Live On Stage ran from July 7, 2016, to September 4, 2016. This production was posted on YouTube and featured the song "We Are Number One".

A live show LazyTown in Schools premiered in Australia in 2012, touring schools to promote healthy eating and fitness for children.

title: LazyTown


text:
1893 in rail transport

January events

 * January 1 – Coming into force of international convention on the transport of goods by rail in the principal contiguous states of Western Europe.
 * January 2 – Introduction by Webb C. Ball of the General Railroad Timepiece Standards in North America, leading to significance of the railroad chronometer.
 * January – Under the direction of James J. Hill the third transcontinental railway, Great Northern, in the United States is completed to the Pacific Northwest.

February events

 * February 4 – Official opening of main section of Liverpool Overhead Railway, the first electrified suburban line in Britain, and the first (third rail) electrified overhead railway in the world.
 * February 23 – Rudolf Diesel receives a patent for the diesel engine.

March events

 * March 1 – The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (the New Haven Railroad) leases the Old Colony Railroad.
 * March 2 – The US Railroad Safety Appliance Act is enacted, mandating that all cars in interchange service be equipped with air brakes, automatic couplers and grab irons.

April events

 * April 17 – The train station located at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago is opened.
 * April 22 – The John Bull arrives in Chicago, Illinois, for the World's Columbian Exposition after traveling under its own power from Jersey City, New Jersey.

May events

 * May 1 – The World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago's Jackson Park is opened to the public with the Intramural Railway, a 2.7-mile elevated third rail electric railroad system providing transportation throughout the fair grounds. A total of 72 motor and trailer coaches were assigned to the line all built by the Jackson and Sharp Company of Wilmington, Delaware.
 * May 10 – New York Central locomotive number 999 pulls a passenger train between Batavia and Buffalo, New York, reaching 112.5 mph (181 km/h); this is the first time an American train breaks 100 mph (161 km/h).
 * May 12 – Chicago's premier rapid transit line, the South Side Elevated Railway, is extended to the World's Columbian Exposition in Jackson Park.

June events

 * June 20 – The Wengernalpbahn mountain railway in Wengen, Switzerland (Canton of Bern) is opened.
 * June 22 – Robert S. Lovett succeeds Leland Stanford as the president of the Southern Pacific Company, parent company of the Southern Pacific Railroad, after Stanford's death. The Chairmanship position vacated by Stanford remains vacant for another 16 years.

July events

 * July 1 – William Mackenzie purchases the Toronto and Mimico Creek Railway.
 * July 10 – The Toronto and Mimico Creek Railway is extended to Mimico Creek.
 * July 29 – Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway opens La Grande Station in Los Angeles.

August events

 * August 12 – The Llantrisant rail accident in Wales kills 13 people.

September events

 * September 7 – First part of Douglas & Laxey Coast Electric Tramway, a 3 ft (914 mm) gauge interurban (later the Manx Electric Railway), opens on the Isle of Man.
 * September 18 – The Ottawa, Arnprior and Parry Sound Railway opens between Ottawa and Arnprior.

October events

 * October 20 – Brayton Ives succeeds Thomas Fletcher Oakes as president of Northern Pacific Railway.

November events

 * November 6 – The Lake Street Elevated Railroad, Chicago's second rapid transit line, is opened for service between Madison & Wacker and California Avenue. The road originally used 35 0-4-4T Forney locomotives built by the Rhode Island Locomotive Works and 125 trailer coaches built by Gilbert Car Company and Pullman Car Company.
 * November 14 – The Central Railway of Peru opens the section of line from Chicla across the Andes watershed to Oroya, with a summit level at Galera of 4781 m (15,686 feet) above sea level.

December events

 * December 6 – The John Bull leaves the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, under its own power, headed toward Washington, DC, for its return to the Smithsonian Institution.
 * December 18 – The Ottawa, Arnprior and Parry Sound Railway opens an extension of the railway from Arnprior to Eganville, Ontario.
 * December 22 – The John Bull arrives back in Washington, DC, after traveling under its own power from Chicago, Illinois.
 * December 23 – The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway enters receivership three days after the railroad's chairman died.

Unknown date events

 * Eugene V. Debs organizes the first industrial union in the United States, the American Railway Union (ARU).
 * Jacob S. Rogers, son of company founder Thomas Rogers, resigns from the presidency of Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works; the company's former treasurer becomes president and reorganizes the company as Rogers Locomotive Company.
 * Jewett Car Company is founded in Jewett, Ohio; it will become a major supplier of interurban cars and trolleys.

November births

 * November 5 – Raymond Loewy, industrial designer who worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad designing the shape of equipment such as the GG1 (d. 1986).

January deaths

 * January 27 – Alfred Belpaire, inventor of the Belpaire firebox for steam locomotives (b. 1820).

March deaths

 * March 24 – John Taylor Johnston, president of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, 1848–1877 (b. 1820).

June deaths

 * June 21 – Leland Stanford, a member of The Big Four group of financiers in California (b. 1824)

December deaths

 * December 20 – George C. Magoun, Chairman of the Board of Directors for Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in the late 1880s (b. 1840).

Unknown date deaths

 * Allen Manvel, eleventh president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (b. 1837).
 * Walter McQueen, Chief mechanical engineer for the Albany and Schenectady Railroad 1845–1850, Hudson River Railroad 1850–1852, and superintendent of Schenectady Locomotive Works 1852–1876 (b. 1817).

title: 1893 in rail transport


text:
Paris-Panthéon-Assas University

Paris-Panthéon-Assas University (Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, ), commonly known as Panthéon-Assas or Paris 2 (Paris II ), is a university in Paris, often described as the top law school of France. It is considered the direct inheritor of the Faculty of Law of Paris ("the Sorbonne"), the second-oldest faculty of Law in the world, founded in the 12th century.

Following the 1970 split of the University of Paris, often referred to as the 'Sorbonne,' in the aftermath of the May 68 events, law professors faced decisions regarding the future of their Faculty. 88 out of 108 law professors elected to sustain the legacy of the Faculty of Law of Paris by establishing a new university dedicated to the study of law. The university is housed within the same two buildings that previously accommodated the Faculty of Law of Paris.

Panthéon-Assas, now an independent university, continues to offer the law courses associated with Sorbonne University, having declined to officially integrate as one of its faculties.

The majority of the 19 campuses of Panthéon-Assas are located in the Latin Quarter, Paris, with the main campuses on Place du Panthéon and Rue d'Assas, hence its current name. The university is composed of five departments specializing in law, political science, economics, journalism and media studies, and public and private management, and it hosts 24 research centres and five specialized doctoral schools. Every year, the university enrolls approximately 18,000 students, including more than 3,000 international students.

History

The University of Paris, commonly referred to as the 'Sorbonne,' was founded in the middle of the 12th century and officially ceased to exist on 31 December 1970, following the student protests of 1968. Following the University of Paris split, the majority of law professors (88 out of 108) opted to maintain the essence of the Faculty of Law of Paris by reestablishing it as a new university. In pursuit of this ambition, they founded along with professors of economics the 'University of law, economics and social sciences of Paris' (Université de droit, d'économie et de sciences sociales de Paris), and kept in it the same buildings with the same research centers. Panthéon-Assas is considered today as direct inheritor of the Faculty of Law of Paris.

The official name of the university was changed to 'Paris II Panthéon-Assas University' in 1990. The name Panthéon-Assas is a reference to the main addresses of the pre-1968 Faculty of Law of Paris, which are now part of the university; namely, the buildings on Place du Panthéon and Rue d'Assas. The university is also referred to as 'Assas' or 'Paris II,' 'Sorbonne-Assas' and 'Sorbonne Law School'.

After the creation of a new Sorbonne University, to which Panthéon-Assas provides law courses in joint degrees, Sorbonne University wanted to integrate Panthéon-Assas as a faculty of law but Panthéon-Assas preferred to remain an independent university within the Sorbonne system.

In 2022, its official name became Paris-Panthéon-Assas University.

Administration
Panthéon-Assas is governed by an administration council, a scientific council, and a council for studies and university life. Members of these boards serve two-year terms. The president of Panthéon-Assas is elected by members of the administration council, for a four-year tenure; he or she presides over this council. The president is assisted by two vice-presidents and several professors elected within their respective academic departments. Members of the administration council choose the faculty representatives who make up the scientific council.

The university inherited the academic departments from the Faculty of Law of Paris. It currently houses five of them: one for private law and criminal sciences, one for public law and political science, one for Roman law and legal history, one for economics and management, and one for journalism and communication.

Campuses
The university has 18 campuses in Paris, 1 in the town of Melun, and other campuses abroad.

Centre Panthéon (Soufflot)
In 1753, Louis XV decided that a new building would be constructed for the Faculty of Law of Paris. Jacques-Germain Soufflot, alumnus of the Faculty who had become the architect of the King designed and supervised the construction. It took place from 1771 to 1773 and the new building opened in 1774.

Nowadays, the administration offices and postgraduate studies (masters' and doctoral studies) are located in it. It is situated at 12 Place du Panthéon. It is registered among the national heritage sites of France.

Centre Assas
History under the Faculty of Law of Paris

The largest campus of Panthéon-Assas is located on Rue d'Assas and receives second-year to four-year law students. It was designed by Charles Lemaresquier, Alain le Normand, and François Carpentier to accommodate the growing number of students at the University of Paris. It was built between 1959 and 1963 on the former grounds of ''Société Marinoni. '' At the time of its inauguration, its main lecture theatre was the largest in France, with 1,700 seats.

Renovation and expansion in the 21st century

Centre Assas building, which was going under renovation between 2007 and 2017, has been completely redesigned and now hosts a modern learning center, created by the architect Alain Sarfati.

Cultural events

The Assas building has been hosting concerts of classical music for decades. Herbert von Karajan, Leonard Bernstein, Georg Solti, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Martha Argerich, Gundula Janowitz, Christa Ludwig, Alfred Brendel, Arthur Rubinstein, Seiji Ozawa, Carlo Maria Giulini, or Samson François, among others, have performed in it. The 28th edition of the International Piano Competition for Outstanding Amateurs was held in it in 2017.

The scene at the Cairo airport from OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies was filmed in its entrance hall.

Centre Vaugirard
The campus on Rue de Vaugirard provides for first-year students. It is located in the chapel wing of the former Jesuit College of the Immaculate Conception, where Charles de Gaulle was a pupil; the chapel itself, dating from the 18th century, was transformed into a lecture hall in the 1980s. The structure is a national heritage site.

Centre Sainte Barbe
The Center of Roman Law and Legal History of Panthéon-Assas, hosting its research centers in legal history, is situated inside the Collège Sainte-Barbe, former school founded in 1460. The school was founded by Pierre Antoine Victor de Lanneau, teacher of religious studies, as a college of the University of Paris. Ignace de Loyola, Gustave Eiffel, Alfred Dreyfus among others were students there.

Centre Melun
The campus in the town of Melun hosts local first-year students. It is located in the old town of Melun, on Saint-Étienne Island, among Roman and Gothic remains. The Institute of Law and Economics of Pantheon-Assas University is located there. An extension is currently under construction.

Abroad
Panthéon-Assas also has campuses in Singapore, Mauritius, and Dubai.

Others
The campus on Rue Charcot receives third-year and master students in economics.

Research centres
The university inherited the research centers from the Faculty of Law of Paris. Originally, the Faculty was not organized around research centers and professors were pursuing their research as part of Faculty in general. Hence, only newly emerging fields of research would have newly created institutes, whereas traditional subjects such as Roman law and legal history, private law in general and public law in general, would not necessarily have ones.

Currently, among the research centers at Panthéon-Assas, there are:
 * the Institute of Legal History, which is one of the largest research centers in Roman Law and Legal History in Europe. It hosts the Société d'histoire du droit (Legal History Society, for French legal historians), created in 1913 by professors of legal history at the Faculty of Law of Paris. Created in 2001 as such, the Institute of Legal History regroups the Centre de Documentation des Droits Antiques, created in 1962, the Centre d’Histoire des Institutions and the Centre d’Études d’Histoire Juridique, created in 1953. It is now also attached to the CNRS and to the French National Archives.
 * the Institute of Higher International Studies (IHEI), serving as the university's research center for international law and international relations, founded in 1921 by Paul Fauchille and Albert de Lapradelle, and considered one of Europe's best.
 * the Paris Institute of Criminology and Criminal Law, founded in 1922, the oldest research center in criminal law of France.
 * the Paris Institute of Comparative Law, founded in 1931 by Henri Capitant and Henri Lévy-Ullmann.
 * the French Press Institute, founded in 1937 at the Faculty of Law of Paris by Boris Mirkine-Guetzevitch and Georges Bourdon (Secretary General of Unions of journalists). It is the first research center in journalism and media studies in France.
 * the Research Center in Business Law, created in 1945 by Joseph Hamel.

Each research center usually has one or several Research or Professional Masters of Laws programs (LL.M.) attached to it.

Libraries
The campuses at Rue d'Assas, Rue de Vaugirard, and Melun host the university libraries, which are open to all the students. The university's research centres, institutes and reading rooms host twenty-two more specialized libraries. The total seating area of the university's libraries spans over 3,500 m2, and the university's collections gather over three hundred thousand volumes together.

The new library at Centre Assas has been designed by the architect Alain Sarfati and has furniture designed by Philippe Starck.

Professors and students also have free access to Cujas Library, which is the largest law library in Europe and to general research and study libraries in Paris, including the Sainte-Geneviève Library or the French National Library.

Journals and publications
The university's publishing house, Éditions Panthéon-Assas, was established in 1998.

Panthéon-Assas hosts several faculty-led publications in French: Jus Politicum (Political Law Journal) since 2008, the Revue de droit d'Assas (Assas Law Review) since 2010 and Droits fondamentaux (Human Rights Journal) since 2012. They are all available online.

It also hosts a faculty-led publication in English, the Sorbonne-Assas Law Review, since 2012.

Undergraduate admissions
University–wide (law, economics, management, media...), the university has an acceptance rate of 20%. 22.79% of students accepted by the university having received highest honors ("mention très bien") in high school during the 2019 session (second university in France, behind Paris 1 with 22.84%).

In Law, within the Assas Law College, in 2021, the rate of "with honors" and "with highest honors" mentions among the admitted students was 95% (first among undergraduate programs in France).

Graduate programs (Masters or LL.M.s)
The four historical Masters in Law or LL.M. of the Faculty of Law of Paris were the Masters in: 1° Roman Law and History of Law, 2° Private Law, 3° Public Law and, starting 1964, 4°Criminal Law. They are now rebranded as "Master 2" or "Parcours" (meaning a second-year "path", within a 2-year masters), under the following names:
 * LL.M. in History of Law, with the Institute of Legal History. Albert Rigaudière, member of the Académie des Inscriptions et des Belles Lettres, was its director.
 * LL.M. in General Private Law, with the Civil Law Research Center. According to Le Nouvel Observateur, the LL.M. "considered as a star-degree of the faculty, long been the pet of headhunters, it trains the virtuosi of the law". Pierre Raynaud was its director at the Faculty of Law of Paris before 1970 and at Panthéon-Assas afterwards.
 * LL.M. in Specialized Public Law. It was once directed by Yves Gaudemet, member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques.
 * LL.M. in Criminal Law, with the Institute of Criminology and Criminal Law of Paris.

Originally exclusively linked to research studies and doctoral studies, the 5th-year LL.M. is now part of the joint Master's program and has become the norm in France for lawyers (including barristers). They have become quite selective and in competition with one another, among all the programs in France. Many LL.M. programs have been created at Panthéon-Assas since the Decree of 16 April 1974 authorizing the creation of more specialized LL.M.s than the 4 original ones, most notably the LL.M. in International Law and LL.M. in Comparative Law. Most of Panthéon-Assas' LL.M.s enjoy a similar strong reputation in France and Europe.

International programs
Panthéon-Assas offers international integrated undergraduate programs (Bachelor-Double maîtrise) with universities such as Oxford University, University College London, King's College London, University College Dublin. It offers international integrated postgraduate programs (LL.M.-Master 2) with some universities such as, on top of the latter ones, Boston University, Humboldt University of Berlin, Ludwig Maximilians University, Sapienza University of Rome, University of Padua.

Yale Law School and Panthéon-Assas (Assas Law School) signed in June 2011 an Agreement for Collaborative Activities to create an environment for long-term joint research, exchange. and programming activities. They organize, together with the ESSEC Business School, a summer school in law and economics, the Yale-Paris II-Essec Summer School.

It created in 2011 the Sorbonne-Assas International Law School which have campuses in Paris, Singapore, Mauritius and Dubai.

Assas has cooperation agreements with 315 partner universities, including 113 Erasmus+ partners.

Joint academic programs
Panthéon-Assas offers several joint undergraduate and graduate programs with the Sorbonne University. It has also joint programs with other French universities and institutions such as INSEAD (Sorbonne University Alliance), Dauphine, PSL University, Mines Paris, PSL University, Sciences Po Paris, ESSEC Business School, CY Cergy Paris University or HEC Paris.

Online programs
In 2013, the university set up an e-learning platform, called Agor@ssas. It created that year a distance-learning undergraduate degree in law, the first and unique one in France. It is taught by professors from Panthéon-Assas and leads to exactly the same degree offerings the same rights. In addition, "e-students" have access to "e-tutors" to help them with pedagogical and administrative questions.

Preparatory schools
In July 2012, Panthéon-Assas became the first university in France to open preparatory school for the bar school entrance examination, which were until this point the monopoly of private preparatory schools. These courses were offered for a cheap price, and for free for students from low-income families (10% of the students of the preparatory school). This led private preparatory schools to plead unfair competition and the french courts ordered Panthéon-Assas to close the school. Today, the Bar preparation school is known as the IEJ-Institut d'Études Judiciaires "Pierre Reynaud".

Assas' Melun campus has been selected in 2021 by the French Government to host three preparatory schools "Prépa Talents".

Collège de droit and École de droit
On top of its core curriculum, Panthéon-Assas developed a number of internal "university diplomas" delivered to its top students. In particular, the Collège de droit (3-year undergraduate diploma) and the École de droit (2-year graduate diploma), largely talked about in the press, which consider these programs as constituting a "prestigious" "way of excellence" for "top-level lawyers".

Institut français de presse
The Institut français de presse (in English: French Press Institute), is the unit of Training and Research in Media, Communication and Journalism since 1970. Founded in 1937 in the Faculty of Law of Paris, the Institut des Sciences de la Presse (Press Sciences Institute) became the Institut français de presse in 1951. The department is the oldest and one of the finest French schools in the field of communication and journalism studies, in particular with Sorbonne University's CELSA in Neuilly.

Other

 * Institut de préparation à l'administration générale de Paris;
 * Institut d'études judiciaires Pierre Raynaud;
 * Maison des sciences de gestion.

Centre de formation des journalistes de Paris
The Centre de formation des journalistes de Paris (in English: Paris Journalist Training Center) is the Journalism Graduate school (Grande école) of the university, located in the heart of the 12th arrondissement. The graduate school is a member of the Conférence des Grandes écoles and recognized by the profession of journalists. The CFJ has trained a large number of great journalists (Bernard Pivot, David Pujadas, Florence Aubenas, Pierre Lescure ...), and attracts each year nearly a thousand candidates for around fifty places.

École française d'électronique et d'informatique
The École française d'électronique et d'informatique (EFREI, in English: French School of Electronics and Computer Science) is the engineering school of Training and Research in Computer Science and Management, located in Villejuif, Greater Paris.

Institut supérieur d’interprétation et de traduction de Paris
The Institut supérieur d’interprétation et de traduction (ISIT, in English: Higher Institute of Interpretation and Translation) is the Graduate school of Training and Research in Intercultural Management and Communication, located in the Centre Assas campus, in the 6th arrondissement.

École W
The École W (in English: W School) is the school that primarily offers a multidisciplinary undergraduate programme in Media, Journalism, Communication, Marketing, Storytelling and Design, founded by the Centre de Formation des Journalistes de Paris in 2016. Located in the 12th arrondissement with the CFJ, the school also offers graduate programmes in Design, Marketing and Communication and has prestigious partnerships with EMLyon Business School, EDHEC Business School, Catholic University of Lille and the École de design Nantes Atlantique, Nantes University.

Reputation
Assas has reputation of "excellence" in Law  and has been called by Le Monde des grandes écoles a "symbol of Made in France excellence".

The French Research and Higher Education Evaluation Agency stated in 2013: "Paris II University presents itself as a university of excellence. This claim is not abusive. The university occupies – in Paris, in France, in the European Union and, more broadly, in the international scientific community – a prominent place. The university's reputation and notoriety has not been usurped. They are based on teaching and research activities as well as publications whose quality is recognized and celebrated in academia. And this beyond frontiers."

Rankings
Panthéon-Assas University is often described as the "top law school in France". It is ranked first of France in law in the French Eduniversal rankings, Le Figaro ranking and Thotis ranking. It is the only French university and one of the two French higher education institution to make it into the GreenMetrics ranking.
 * Law

Le Figaro Étudiant has published, for the first time in 2023, a ranking of the top 30 universities in France. The ranking takes into account several criteria, including the high school graduation results of admitted students, the number of applicants for undergraduate programs through Parcoursup, post-graduation salaries, the number of defended theses, the number of doctors who passed the private law aggregation exam, and the university's ranking in the Shanghai ranking.

Paris-Panthéon-Assas University has secured the first position in the ranking and stands out from other universities. According to the ranking, students graduating from the university receive a monthly salary of €3,000 upon completing their master's degree. Furthermore, a larger number of students have defended their theses between 2020 and 2022 (a total of 175), and more students from the university have obtained qualifications to become lecturers in 2022.

Most of the students admitted at the French National School for the Judiciary come from Panthéon-Assas, more than 40% in 2011 (candidates who graduated from Panthéon-Assas and then passed the entrance exam elsewhere are not included in that number).

Assas graduates have the highest salary of all French law schools.

Assas undergraduate program in economics ranked fifth in 2020 by Eduniversal.
 * Economics and business

Assas was in 2011 the second best-ranked university in France (behind Paris-Dauphine University) for its master's degrees in business fields. In 2016, it was first of France in international business, also first in decisional computing and second in finance and banking.

Journalism

Assas's CFJ diploma in journalism ranked third in France in 2022 by Le Figaro.

Notable people from this faculty
This section is about notable faculty from Panthéon-Assas University (since 1971). The dates are the dates of professorship at the Faculty of Law of Paris and at University of Paris-Panthéon Assas.

Law reformers
Among the professors of Panthéon-Assas who reformed French or foreign laws, there are:
 * Jean Foyer, who was a close advisor of the Général de Gaulle, one of the main writers of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, Minister of Justice under Charles de Gaulle and who put in motion important reforms of many parts of French Law (family, ownership and business, nationality, etc.).
 * Jean Carbonnier (1955–1976), who reformed huge parts of the French Civil Code in the 1960s and 1970s, and especially in family law.
 * Gérard Cornu (1967 -...), who wrote the new French Code of Civil Procedure in the late 1970s and is also well known in France for his Dictionary of Legal Vocabulary, translated in English.
 * Serge Guinchard, head of the first Judicial Studies Institutes of France (in Panthéon-Assas) in the 1990s and head of several governmental commissions for criminal procedure and criminal law reforms in the 2000s in France, Senegal and for the Council of Europe.
 * Pierre Catala, who reformed inheritance law and law of donations with Jean Carbonnier in the 2000s, and who initiated the reform of French contract law, tort Law and law of evidence, and was the head of the official committee for its reform
 * François Terré (1969–1999), president in 2008 of the legal section of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques, head of the private committee for the reform of French Law of Obligations.
 * Jean-Claude Martinez (1983–...), special advisor of King Hassan II of Morocco supervising the creation of the first Moroccan Tax Code

Members of the Institut de France
The Institut de France is a learned society which was created as such in 1795 and maintained close links with Napoléon Bonaparte. It regroups 5 Académies, by subject (Science, Arts and the 3 other listed below).
 * Suzanne Bastid, faculty of Panthéon-Assas and first woman professor of law of France, has been the first female member of the history of the whole Institut de France.

Among its members or former members, there are:
 * Académie des sciences morales et politiques (Philosophy, Law and Politics): Suzanne Bastid, Prosper Weil, François Terré, Pierre Delvolvé, Yves Gaudemet, Henri Mazeaud (1939–...), Roland Drago and Louis Vogel. Suzanne Bastid and François Terré have both served as presidents of the Académie.
 * Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (History), created in 1663 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert under Louis XIV: Albert Rigaudière.
 * Académie Française (Language), created in 1635 by the cardinal de Richelieu: Georges Vedel.

Judiciary
Among faculties that had prominent positions in the Judiciary, there are:
 * Georges Vedel (1949–1979), former member of the Constitutional Council of France.
 * Jacques Robert (1969–1979), former member of the Constitutional Council of France.
 * Philippe Ardant, former President of the Constitutional Court of the Principality of Andorra and former president of the Arab World Institute.
 * Dominique Chagnollaud, former member of the Supreme Court of Monaco.

Presidents of university
To this day, Panthéon-Assas has been governed by ten presidents. The founding president, Berthold Goldman, a jurist, was succeeded by Jacques Robert, former member of the Constitutional Council of France, who was followed by Jean Boulouis, a private law jurist. Next came another private law jurist, Georges Durry, followed by Philippe Ardant, former president of the Constitutional Court of the Principality of Andorra and former president of the Arab World Institute. Panthéon-Assas was then presided by Bernard Teyssié, a specialist in social law, who was succeeded by Jacqueline Dutheil de la Rochère, a public international law scholar. She was followed by Louis Vogel, a private law jurist. He implemented numerous innovations, the aim of which has been to adapt the education given at the university to the needs of the 21st century. He was elected head of the Presidents of Universities of France Society in 2010. Guillaume Leyte, a legal historian, was elected president of the university on 20 June 2012, and reelected in 2016. On 30 November 2020, Stéphane Braconnier, a public law professor, was elected as the new president of the university, succeeding Guillaume Leyte.

Other

 * Suzanne Bastid (1947–1977), the first woman professor of law of France, first woman to be a member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques, secretary General of the Institute of International Law (Nobel peace prize 1904) and judge at the International Court of Justice.
 * Henri Mazeaud (1939–1971), twin brother of Léon Mazeaud, resistant to Nazi Germany and deported to Buchenwald, honorary professor at Panthéon-Assas.
 * Henri Batiffol, professor of private international law and professor at the Institute of International Law.
 * Yves Lequette, professor of private law and private international law and professor at the Institute of International Law.
 * Joe Verhoeven, former the general secretary of the Institute of International Law and honorary President of the Institute of Higher International Studies.
 * Olivier Beaud, professor of public law.
 * Gérard Cornu, author of the Dictionnaire de linguistique juridique.
 * David Naccache, forensic expert at the International Criminal Court and member of the Computer Science Laboratory of the École normale supérieure.

Politics
Faculty members who have held prominent political positions include:
 * Edmond Alphandéry, former French Minister of the Economy.
 * Jean Foyer, former Minister of Justice.
 * Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg, former Minister for Research.
 * Abderrazak Zouaoui, Tunisian Minister of the Economy.
 * Hugues Portelli, member of the Senate of France.
 * Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg, member of the French Parliament (referred to as the French National Assembly), former Minister and former member of the European Parliament.
 * Jean-Claude Martinez, member of the French Parliament and of the European Parliament.
 * Nicole Catala, former member of the French National Assembly.
 * Jean-Michel Blanquer, former Minister of Education joined the faculty in 2022 as professor of civil law.

Notable alumni
This section is about notable alumni from Panthéon-Assas University (since 1971). To see a list of notable alumni of the Faculty of Law of Paris (before 1970), see that article.

France
Among alumni of Paris II who had significant role in politics in France, there are:

 * François Hollande, former President of France.
 * Dominique de Villepin, former Prime Minister of France, former Minister of the Interior and former Minister of Foreign Affairs.
 * Jean-Pierre Raffarin, former Prime Minister of France and Senator.
 * Sébastien Lecornu, French Minister of the Armed Forces.
 * Claude Chirac, daughter and advisor to former President of France Jacques Chirac.
 * Michèle Alliot-Marie, former French Minister of Justice, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Defence and Minister of Foreign and European affairs.
 * Christiane Taubira, former French Minister of Justice, former member of the French National Assembly and former member of the European Parliament.
 * Martine Aubry, former first secretary of the Socialist Party of France, Mayor of Lille, former Minister of Social Affairs, and member of Parliament.
 * Rachida Dati, former member of the European Parliament and French Minister of Justice.
 * François Baroin, former Senator, former member of the French National Assembly, former French Minister of Finance, Minister of the Interior, and Minister for Overseas Territories.
 * Jean-Marie Le Pen, former president of the National Front.
 * Marine Le Pen, member of the French National Assembly and two-time presidential finalist.
 * Claude Goasguen, member of the French National Assembly and former Minister.
 * Bruno Gollnisch, member of the European Parliament and former member of the French National Assembly.
 * Corinne Lepage, member of the European parliament, former French Minister of the Environment.

Outside of France

 * Ekaterini Sakellaropoulou, President of Greece since 2020.
 * Dimitris Mardas, former Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece.
 * Catherine Samba-Panza, first female president of the Central African Republic.
 * Prokopis Pavlopoulos, President of Greece, former member of the Hellenic Parliament and former Greek Minister of the Interior.
 * Pierre-Damien Habumuremyi, Prime Minister of Rwanda.
 * Panagiotis Pikrammenos, former President of the Greek Council of State.
 * Evangelos Venizelos, former Deputy Prime Minister of Greece, former Greek Minister of Finance.
 * Néstor Osorio Londoño, Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations, former Permanent Representative of Colombia to the International Coffee Organization and executive director of the International Coffee Organization, former and first Permanent Representative of Colombia to the World Trade Organization.
 * Adán Augusto López Hernández, former governor of the Mexican State of Tabasco and secretary of the Mexican Secretariat of the Interior.

Judiciary and Law
Among alumni of Paris II who had significant role in the judiciary and in Law, there are:
 * Joaquim Barbosa, former President of the Supreme Federal Court of Brasil.
 * Yves Bot, general attorney at the Court of Justice of the European Union.
 * Mireille Delmas-Marty, member of the Institut de France, professor and activist.
 * Emmanuel Gaillard, chairman of the International Arbitration Institute and former professor at Harvard Law School.
 * Éric Halphen, anti-corruption French judge.
 * Raymond Ranjeva, Vice-President of the International Court of Justice.
 * Vassilikí Thánou-Christophílou, president of the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece and Prime Minister of Greece.
 * Daniel Turp, professor of Llaw and member of the National Assembly of Quebec.

Media
Among alumni of Paris-Panthéon-Assas who had significant role in the media, there are:

 * Journalists
 * Claire Chazal, anchor at TF1.
 * Laurent Delahousse, anchor at France 2.
 * Jean-Pierre Elkabbach, journalist.
 * Bernard Rapp, investigative journalist.
 * Léa Salamé, famous radio host at France Inter and anchor at France 2.
 * Thomas Sotto, anchor at France 2.
 * Marie Inbona, Television presenter for M6

 * Heads of media
 * Marc-Olivier Fogiel, CEO of BFM TV, former TV and radio host.
 * Jean-Marie Colombani, former director of Le Monde.
 * Marc Crépin, director at France Culture and France Musique.
 * Axel Duroux, CEO of EuropaCorp and former president of RTL Group.
 * Pierre Jeantet, former director of Le Monde.
 * Jean-Paul Cluzel, former president of Radio France.

Business

 * Catherine Guillouard, former president of RATP Group.
 * Denis Hennequin, former president of Accor.
 * Maxime Lombardini, director of Iliad SA.
 * Ludwik Sobolewski, president of Warsaw Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2013 then president of Bucharest Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017.

Other

 * Cécilia Sarkozy, former First Lady of France.
 * Henri Giscard d'Estaing, son of former President of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.
 * Floriane Chinsky, notable female rabbi.
 * Corinne Coman, Miss France 2003 and top of class at Panthéon-Assas.
 * Raphaël Haroche (Raphael), famous singer.

title: Paris-Panthéon-Assas University