text:
Talk:Key management

Hmm
Should this article link to ISAKMP maybe? I dont know!

 * I added ISAKMP to Category:Key management. I think that should do it. --agr 13:07, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

article needs actual practice coverage
It would be nice if someone could expand the article to describe something of the actual practice of key management as well as a list of the areas it encompasses. A bit of how, as well as what! Gobbag (talk) 10:43, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

semi-commercial link removed
This link seems to be more commercial than is acceptable.

 * The 2008 IEEE Key Management Summit

So I removed it. Anyone have a different view? ww (talk) 03:00, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

I don't think that removing this was really the right thing to do. The Key Management Summit is an IEEE-sponsored event, not a trade or industry show. 75.18.187.34 (talk) 04:03, 22 August 2008 (UTC)lm

I agree with above, you cannot entirely move away from commercial aspects and applications of the key management. IEEE, just like ANSI or FIPS is a non-profit professional organization. KSinitski (talk) 21:06, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Cleaning Up Key Management
We need to clean up Key Management - add best practices, talk more about typical applications, regulation bodies and standards and remove/marginalize access control.KSinitski (talk) 21:05, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Merge symmetric key management
Given how underdeveloped this article is, there's no purpose in forking asymmetric and symmetric key management into separate articles. Both will almost certainly require a detailed explanation of the other. These articles could be better managed and kept consistent with a single source as well. Also, any discussion as to storage, generation, etc, will require both. Also, the actual systems that do key management kerberos fit better under the broader term. Shadowjams (talk) 05:31, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Key management for sysmmetric key crypto is quite distinct from that needed for asymmetric key crypto. In the one case, key secrecy is required in all circumstances, while in asymmetric key crypto only the 'private' is to be kept secret. Managmetn in asymmetric key crypto is also concerned with the 'public' key which poses the additional problem that it must be properly associated with the issuer to avoid some attacks which exploit uncertainty in that respect. Also it include s a requiremnt for key revocation to avoid stale or compromised public keys.
 * I'd say the distinction is significant enough for two articles, not two squashed into one. This despite the lack of quality in this one. Conceptually and operationally distinct and so should remain articlistically distinct as well. Oppose the proposed merger. ww (talk) 08:43, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * WP:MERGE provides four guidelines for mergers

 * 1) Duplicate - There are two or more pages on exactly the same subject and having the same scope.
 * 2) Overlap - There are two or more pages on related subjects that have a large overlap. Wikipedia is not a dictionary; there does not need to be a separate entry for every concept in the universe. For example, "Flammable" and "Non-flammable" can both be explained in an article on Flammability.
 * 3) Text - If a page is very short and is unlikely to be expanded within a reasonable amount of time, it often makes sense to merge it with a page on a broader topic. For instance, parents or children of a celebrity who are otherwise unremarkable are generally covered in a section of the article on the celebrity, and can be merged there.
 * 4) Context - If a short article requires the background material or context from a broader article in order for readers to understand it. For instance, minor characters from works of fiction are generally covered in a "List of characters in ", and can be merged there; see also WP:FICT.''
 * This proposal is not #1, but it is #2 and #4, and #3 is compelling. As I've already indicated, the storage, and dissemination of keys is highly similar between the two. Both articles will require background that is similar to both--overlap. The most meaningful part of the discussion will be that of the protocols that actually do key management, protocols like Kerberos, etc. And, because almost every moderately complex system will employ both types of protocols, it makes little sense to talk about each separately even though most readers will be looking for information on management as per their system, not the discrete type of algorithm used by their system. The third argument is most relevant here. If the articles were longer they would warrant a split as per the guidelines. However this article is 3k, far from the 60k suggested for a split. This is too small as is, let alone to warrant a split.

 * A merger doesn't risk losing information--just having it all accessible in one article with a common introduction, common concepts, and an inherently synchronized explanation of the common features. Then, each go into their own sections. I think a reader would find this format much more useful, not to mention editors would be more inclined to improve the article.    Shadowjams (talk) 06:02, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Agree. Key management is the parent topic, it's not really talking about asymmetric keys. Jay (talk) 20:12, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Comments
In my opinion, there is nothing to "merge". I suggest the article be deleted and be replace with a redirect to Public-key infrastructure. Skippydo (talk) 20:09, 12 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Chapter 13 Key Management Techniques of is what comes to mind when I hear the phrase key management. I don't see what managing needs to be done in the symmetric setting. Skippydo (talk) 20:13, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

 * A delete isn't going to happen (no way the AfD community would delete it when merge is available), but a merge is plausible. I've not pushed the issue since ww's response, but upon reflection I think it bears noting that what makes the article notable is the management of the keys, not what kind of keys are being managed. Obviously differences in types of keys matters, but they overlap to such an extreme degree that it makes no sense to have the two apart.

 * PKI is different because PKI involves large scale distributed and often unfamiliar parties exchanging key information. If anything PKI would be a subset of Key management, although that debate I think should wait until this merge is completed.

 * I'll give this a few more days, then I'll undertake steps to complete the merge. Shadowjams (talk) 21:18, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Perhaps my terminology is incorrect. I wanted to express my opinion that this article contains nothing of value. The content should be replaced with a redirect. It seems a I was also confused by the direction of the merge.
 * I've only just read the article on Symmetric key management. It does not cite any useful sources but perhaps it is worth keeping. Could we "merge" this article into Symmetric key management and replaced this article with a disambiguation page? Skippydo (talk) 15:15, 13 May 2009 (UTC)
 * What will it disambiguate? Jay (talk) 13:58, 29 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I wanted to write a section on keystore, and that is not related to symmetric keys but keys in general. Moving a generic article to a specific article is not going to help in that case. Jay (talk) 13:58, 29 May 2009 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Key management


text:
File:Tradesecretwax.JPG

Trade Secret Wax on RSX

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Tradesecretwax.JPG


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Kirlian

Kirlian may refer to:

 * Semyon Davidovich Kirlian (1898–1978), Russian inventor and researcher of Armenian descent
 * Kirlian photography, a photographic technique, named after Semyon and his wife Valentina Kirlian
 * Kirlian, the pseudonym of (born 1968), American techno-musician and producer

title: Kirlian


text:
Tony Cloninger

Tony Lee Cloninger (August 13, 1940 – July 24, 2018) was an American professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher from 1961 through 1972 for the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves, Cincinnati Reds and the St. Louis Cardinals.

Playing career
A power pitcher, Cloninger compiled a career 113–97 record with 1,120 strikeouts and a 4.07 ERA in 1,767$2⁄3$ innings pitched. He enjoyed his best year for the 1965 Braves, with career highs in wins (24), strikeouts (211), ERA (3.29), complete games (16), innings (279) and games started (40).

Regarded as a tough fireball pitcher, Cloninger also was an occasional power hitter. He compiled a career batting average of .192, with 67 RBIs and 11 home runs, including five in the 1966 season.

On July 3, 1966, in the Braves' 17–3 win over the Giants at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, Cloninger helped his team's cause with two grand slams and nine RBIs, both of which still stand as Braves franchise single-game bests. Cloninger became the first player in the National League, and remains the only pitcher, to hit two grand slams in the same game. Cloninger used a bat of teammate Denis Menke to hit both home runs, and they stood as the only two grand slams of his major league career.

Cloninger finished his career pitching with Cincinnati and St. Louis. He was acquired along with Clay Carroll and Woody Woodward by the Reds from the Atlanta Braves for Milt Pappas, Bob Johnson and Ted Davidson on June 11, 1968.

Coaching career
After retiring, Cloninger served as a bullpen coach for the New York Yankees (1992–2001), where he was a member of five American League champions and four World Series champion teams.

In 2002, he became the pitching coach for the Boston Red Sox, but was forced to step down in early 2003 when he underwent successful treatment for bladder cancer that had been diagnosed in spring training. In 2004, Cloninger became a player development consultant for the Red Sox, serving for almost 15 consecutive seasons until his death.

As Red Sox pitching coach, Cloninger was ejected from a game in 2002 against the Baltimore Orioles. After two batters were hit by pitches, fights broke out and benches cleared. At one point, Cloninger, age 61 at the time but not shying away from trouble, grabbed Orioles player Brook Fordyce in a headlock.

Death
Cloninger died on July 24, 2018, in Denver, North Carolina at the age of 77.

title: Tony Cloninger


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Suzy Kolber

Suzy Kolber (born 1964 (age 42) ) is an American football sideline reporter, co-producer, and a former ESPN sports anchor and reporter. She was one of the original anchors of ESPN2 when it launched in 1993. Three years later, she left ESPN2 to join Fox Sports, but returned to ESPN in late 1999. In 2023, she and several other ESPN employees were terminated by the network in what was described as a cost-cutting measure.

Early life and education
Kolber was born and raised in a Jewish family in the Dresher community of Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Upper Dublin High School in 1982.

Kolber graduated from the University of Miami in 1986 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in telecommunications.

While an undergraduate, she worked at Dynamic Cable in Coral Gables, Florida, as a sports director (1984–86) and was on the University of Miami water ski team.

CBS Sports
After graduation, she worked at CBS Sports in New York City as a videotape coordinator in 1986.

WTVJ and WPEC
From 1985 to 1989, Kolber produced the 5:30 p.m. sportscast at WTVJ-TV in Miami, winning a local Sports Emmy in 1988.

From 1989 to 1990, she freelanced as a specials producer for WPLG-TV in Miami. In addition, she produced two magazine shows, Greyhound Racing America in Miami, Florida (1988–90) and Cowboys Special Edition in Irving, Texas (1990–91).

In 1991, Kolber's freelance assignments included work as a reporter/producer for Breeders' Cup Newsfeed in Greenwich, Connecticut; a field producer for Inside Edition in New York City; a sports specials producer for WCIX-TV in Miami, and a producer/director for NFL Films.

She was a weekend sports anchor and weekday feature reporter at WPEC-TV in West Palm Beach, Florida from December 1991 until she moved to ESPN in 1993.

ESPN
Kolber previously covered a variety of assignments for ESPN from the National Football League to the 1996 ESPN X Games bicycle-stunt events and Grand Slam tennis events. She was a sideline reporter on ESPN’s Monday Night Football with Michele Tafoya.

In 2007, she hosted ESPN’s pre-race NASCAR Countdown program.

Kolber joined ESPN’s MNF team during its inaugural year in 2006 after five previous seasons on ESPN's Sunday Night Football (2001–05). As a member of the MNF team, Kolber helped the longtime franchise become the most-watched program in cable television history.

Kolber worked the ABC Sports broadcast of Super Bowl XL in Detroit in 2006 with Michele Tafoya and contributed to the network’s pre-game show. She became the first female recipient of the Maxwell Club Sports Broadcaster of the Year Award in 2006 and was named to Sports Business Dailys 2004 list of the 10 favorite sports TV personalities of the past 10 years. Kolber hosted ESPN’s year-round NFL Live news and information show, and she played a role in ESPN’s comprehensive coverage of the annual NFL Draft, hosting the Day 2 telecast from 2004 to 2006, and leading analysis segments on Day 1. For the 1999 through 2003 NFL seasons, Kolber hosted NFL Matchup. She also previously contributed “Backstage” segments to Monday Night Countdown.

During the NFL off-season, Kolber served as an anchor on SportsCenter and as an on-site and studio host for ESPN's tennis coverage at the French Open from 2004 to 2006) and Wimbledon from 2003 to 2006 and in 2009.

In 1996, 2000 and 2001, she hosted the Summer X Games and Winter X Games, and co-hosted the event again in Aspen in 2006. She hosted horse racing events, including all three legs of the Triple Crown for ESPN and ESPN2 studio programs.

Fox Sports
Kolber left ESPN for Fox Sports in November 1996, where she anchored Fox Sports News for Fox Sports Net and reported from NFL games. She was the lead reporter for the network's coverage of the NFL on Fox teaming up with the network's No. 1 announcer team of Pat Summerall and John Madden for one game in 1998. She also covered horse racing. She served as studio host for the network's coverage of the NHL on Fox, including both the 1999 Stanley Cup Finals and the Playoffs.

In March 1999, Kolber co-hosted a Fox non-sports presentation with Maury Povich, Opening the Lost Tombs: Live From Egypt, an archaeological event that promised to "unveil five-thousand year old mysteries." Fox's TV cameras showed the first live excavation of Egypt's ancient Giza plateau; Kolber reported live from the tomb. She returned to ESPN in August 1999.

Return to ESPN
Kolber returned to ESPN in August 1999 after originally joining the network in 1993 as co-host for ESPN2's SportsNight, when the network debuted October 1 of that year. She later served as an anchor on SportsCenter, a reporter on College GameDay, and co-host of the X Games in 1995 and 1996. Kolber also hosted ESPN2's SportsFigures, which uses sports celebrities and analogies to teach math and physics.

While covering the 2011 NFL Draft, Kolber came under fire for her interview with Mark Ingram II, who started to sob when Kolber read an e-mail from Ingram's imprisoned father. The interview was perceived by some as being manipulative.

On September 13, 2011, ESPN2 debuted NFL32, co-hosted by Kolber and Chris Mortensen. With a backdrop similar to a sports bar, including wainscoting, sports memorabilia, and dark woodwork, the show focuses on "dissect the biggest topics of the day from all 32 NFL teams," according to the network, and attributes much of its design to that of the Dan Patrick Show, a national radio and television show on DirecTV's Audience network.

The Namath incident
On December 20, 2003, while Kolber was covering a New York Jets game, former New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath twice stated, in his televised sideline interview with Kolber, that he wanted to kiss her, and "couldn't care less about the team strugg-a-ling." Kolber responded, "Thanks, Joe. I'll take that as a huge compliment." Namath later apologized and blamed the incident on his intoxication.

Soon after, Namath entered an outpatient alcoholism treatment program. Namath chronicled the episode, including his battle with alcoholism in his book Namath and later said that remembering the embarrassment he felt after the interview aired helped him maintain a lasting sobriety.

Monday Night Football
Kolber joined ESPN's Monday Night Football crew as a sideline reporter along with Michele Tafoya when the network took over the longtime football series from ABC Sports in 2006. After Tafoya left ESPN for NBC Sports at the end of the 2010–2011 NFL season, ESPN used a rotating solo sideline reporter for the 2011–2012 NFL season, with reporters Wendi Nix, Ed Werder, and Rachel Nichols stepping into the role each week, and Kolber used as a fill-in. Kolber requested to do more in-studio work so she didn't have to be away from her child.

The show, NFL32, now calked NFL Insiders, was created as a result of this request. Lisa Salters was named the new full-time solo sideline reporter for Monday Night Football starting with the 2012–2013 NFL season, effectively ending Kolber's tenure as sideline reporter for the show, although both Salters and Kolber continued to co-produce the show in some capacity.

NASCAR Countdown
In the two weeks prior to Kolber's arrival in 2007, Brent Musburger was mysteriously absent from his position as lead host of NASCAR Countdown on the ABC/ESPN network. On the week of the race on May 19, ESPN gave no reason for his absence but announced Kolber as the new host of Nextel Cup and Busch Series studio programming. She was subsequently replaced by Allen Bestwick as host of NASCAR Countdown.

Monday Night Countdown
After substituting for the then-ailing Stuart Scott during most of the 2014 NFL season, Kolber took over Scott's role permanently as an on-site host of Monday Night Countdown, starting with the 2015 NFL season, after Scott died in January 2015.

Termination
Kolber was among 20 on-air employees ESPN laid off during cost cutting in June 2023.

Endorsements
Kolber's football broadcast narrative is featured on Sega's video game, ESPN NFL Football for Microsoft's Xbox and Sony's PlayStation 2.

Kolber is a national television spokesperson for Chevrolet and Pepsi-Cola commercials.

In 1995's ESPN Extreme Games for PlayStation, she has multiple video sequences hyping up the player, introducing levels, and hinting at secret areas. The re-release of the game, 1Xtreme, removed all of her videos, and any reference to ESPN.

title: Suzy Kolber


text:
Conching

Conching is a process used in the manufacture of chocolate whereby a surface scraping mixer and agitator, known as a conche, evenly distributes cocoa butter within chocolate and may act as a "polisher" of the particles. It also promotes flavor development through frictional heat, release of volatiles and acids, and oxidation. The name arises from the shape of the vessels initially used which resembled conch shells.

When ingredients are mixed in this way, sometimes for up to 78 hours, chocolate can be produced with a mild, rich taste. Lower-quality chocolate is conched for as little as 6 hours. Since the process is so important to the final texture and flavor of chocolate, manufacturers keep the details of their conching process proprietary.

History
Rodolphe Lindt invented the conche in Berne, Switzerland, in 1879. It produced chocolate with superior aroma and melting characteristics compared to other processes used at that time. The Lindt chocolate company states that Lindt (perhaps mistakenly) allowed a mixer containing chocolate to run over a weekend (or possibly overnight, according to other variants of the possibly apocryphal story). Upon returning to the device, Lindt recognised the final product to have a less granular texture and greater shine than conventionally processed chocolate of the time, which was generally gritty when solidified owing to the presence of non-ideal cocoa butter crystals. Lindt's invention made the mass-production of chocolate bars more practical, eventually replacing chocolate beverages as the primary means of mass chocolate consumption.

Lindt's original conche consisted of a granite roller and granite trough; such a configuration is now called a "long conche" and can take more than a day to process a tonne of chocolate. The ends of the trough were shaped to allow the chocolate to be thrown back over the roller at the end of each stroke, increasing the surface area exposed to air. A modern rotary conche can process 3 to 10 tonnes of chocolate in less than 12 hours. Modern conches have cooled jacketed vessels containing long mixer shafts with radial arms that press the chocolate against vessel sides. A single machine can carry out all the steps of grinding, mixing, and conching required for small batches of chocolate.

Process

Conching redistributes the substances from the dry cocoa that create flavor into the fat phase. Air flowing through the conche removes some unwanted acetic, propionic, and butyric acids from the chocolate and reduces moisture. Even a small amount of moisture greatly increases the viscosity of the finished chocolate, so machinery is cleaned with cocoa butter instead of water. Some of the substances produced in the roasting of cocoa beans are oxidized in the conche, mellowing the flavor of the product.

The temperature of the conche is controlled and varies for different types of chocolate. Generally, higher temperature leads to a shorter required processing time. Temperature varies from around 49 C for milk chocolate to up to 82 C for dark chocolate. The elevated temperature leads to a partially caramelized flavor and in milk chocolate promotes the Maillard reaction.

The chocolate passes through three phases during conching. In the dry phase the material is in powdery form, and the mixing coats the particles with fat. Air movement through the conche removes some moisture and volatile substances, which may give an acidic note to the flavor. Moisture balance affects the flavor and texture of the finished product because, after the particles are coated with fat, moisture and volatile chemicals are less likely to escape.

In the pasty phase more of the particles are coated with the fats from the cocoa. The power required to turn the conche shafts increases at this step.

The final liquid phase allows minor adjustment to the viscosity of the finished product by addition of fats and emulsifiers, depending on the intended use of the chocolate.

While most conches are batch-process machines, continuous-flow conches separate the stages with weirs, over which the product travels through separate parts of the machine. A continuous conche can reduce the conching time for milk chocolate to as little as four hours.

title: Conching


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Samurai Deeper Kyo

Samurai Deeper Kyo (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Akimine Kamijyo. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from May 1999 to May 2006, with its chapters collected in 38 tankōbon volumes. Set during the Edo period, the series follows Demon Eyes Kyo, a feared samurai seeking to regain his body after his soul is sealed inside the body of his rival, Mibu Kyoshiro. Kyo is joined in his search by the bounty-hunter Shiina Yuya, the heir to the Tokugawa shogunate Benitora; and Sanada Yukimura, a known rival of the Tokugawa. The manga was licensed in North America by Tokyopop (vol. 1–34) and Del Rey Manga (vol. 35–38; released in two omnibus volumes).

A 26-episode anime television series produced by Studio Deen was broadcast on TV Tokyo from July to December 2002. The series was licensed by Media Blasters and released on home video under its AnimeWorks label in 2003–04. It was broadcast in the United States on Encore Wam in 2006.

Plot
Set in Edo period, Shiina Yuya, a bounty hunter, is searching for her brother's murderer. However, Yuya quickly meets a medicine peddler named Mibu Kyoshiro, who turns out to be sharing a body with the feared samurai Demon Eyes Kyo. Kyo's only stated wish is to regain his own body. Following this path leads Kyo, Yuya and a variety of fellow travelers into conflict with both the Tokugawa shogunate and the Mibu tribe, a race of violent superhumans who have run Japan from the shadows for millennia.

Characters

 * Demon Eyes Kyo (鬼目の狂)
 * He is known for his demonic blood-red eyes and is one of the most feared samurai in the world. He carries a legendary ōdachi called Tenro (Heavenly Wolf), made by mastersmith Muramasa. In the manga, he is depicted as a cold, unbeatable samurai. When he was young, he was shunned by all of the Mibu clan for his demonic red eyes except for the Sendai Aka no Ou (Former Crimson King). After killing Oda Nobunaga, he was thrown into the Mibu dungeons until Muramasa rescued him and trained him in Mumyo Jinpu Ryuu. Kyo is the last remaining True Mibu. Sendai Aka no Ou asked Kyo to seek out the outside world and one day stop the former King himself if he was to become evil and destroy the world.
 * He is known for his demonic blood-red eyes and is one of the most feared samurai in the world. He carries a legendary ōdachi called Tenro (Heavenly Wolf), made by mastersmith Muramasa. In the manga, he is depicted as a cold, unbeatable samurai. When he was young, he was shunned by all of the Mibu clan for his demonic red eyes except for the Sendai Aka no Ou (Former Crimson King). After killing Oda Nobunaga, he was thrown into the Mibu dungeons until Muramasa rescued him and trained him in Mumyo Jinpu Ryuu. Kyo is the last remaining True Mibu. Sendai Aka no Ou asked Kyo to seek out the outside world and one day stop the former King himself if he was to become evil and destroy the world.

 * Mibu Kyoshiro (壬生 京四郎)
 * A remarkable and mysterious swordsman, depicted as the only rival to Demon Eyes Kyo. He wielded the Shibien (Black Sword), one of the Muramasa weapons. In the manga, he is depicted as one of the heirs to the Aka no Ou throne, the Red Eyes being proof of his Mibu lineage. He is a "Red Cross Knight", created from the flesh of the Sendai Aka no Ou. Though he is able to control the Red Eyes, he is not a true Mibu, but merely a more powerful battle doll resembling the first generation of battle dolls created. It is depicted that he is stronger than Demon Eyes Kyo until near the end of the manga.
 * A remarkable and mysterious swordsman, depicted as the only rival to Demon Eyes Kyo. He wielded the Shibien (Black Sword), one of the Muramasa weapons. In the manga, he is depicted as one of the heirs to the Aka no Ou throne, the Red Eyes being proof of his Mibu lineage. He is a "Red Cross Knight", created from the flesh of the Sendai Aka no Ou. Though he is able to control the Red Eyes, he is not a true Mibu, but merely a more powerful battle doll resembling the first generation of battle dolls created. It is depicted that he is stronger than Demon Eyes Kyo until near the end of the manga.

 * Shiina Yuya (椎名 ゆや)
 * A young woman who makes a living as a professional bounty hunter in order to track down her brother's killer, the "Man with the Scar on His Back". She uses a three barreled gun and small daggers as defensive weapons. Yuya is actually an orphan found by her "brother", Nozomu, and raised by him as an adoptive sister. He was Sakuya's biological brother. Unlike many of the characters, Yuya is a normal human without any powers, despite the former Crimson King suspecting she can see the future later in the story.
 * A young woman who makes a living as a professional bounty hunter in order to track down her brother's killer, the "Man with the Scar on His Back". She uses a three barreled gun and small daggers as defensive weapons. Yuya is actually an orphan found by her "brother", Nozomu, and raised by him as an adoptive sister. He was Sakuya's biological brother. Unlike many of the characters, Yuya is a normal human without any powers, despite the former Crimson King suspecting she can see the future later in the story.

 * Benitora (红虎)
 * Also known as Hidetada Tokugawa (德川秀忠), the heir to the throne of the Tokugawa clan. He is also known as "The Shadow Master" due to his ability to make multiple copies of himself. He first appeared in volume 2 of the manga, accompanying White Crow. He later challenges Kyoshiro, who he thought was Kyo, to a fight. Benitora loses and decides to join their group.
 * He immediately takes a romantic interest in Shiina Yuya, although the feeling is not returned. Note: Benitora translates to 'Red Tiger'.
 * He immediately takes a romantic interest in Shiina Yuya, although the feeling is not returned. Note: Benitora translates to 'Red Tiger'.

 * Sanada Yukimura (真田幸村)
 * A famous general who lost the battle of Sekigahara and ultimately Japan. He escaped Kudoyama and planned the assassination of Tokugawa Ieyasu, though it was never carried out. Yukimura travels with Kyo in order to defeat the Mibu Clan and Oda Nobunaga. In doing so, this would free Japan from the Mibu Clan's shadow governing and give Yukimura a chance at taking over Japan.
 * A famous general who lost the battle of Sekigahara and ultimately Japan. He escaped Kudoyama and planned the assassination of Tokugawa Ieyasu, though it was never carried out. Yukimura travels with Kyo in order to defeat the Mibu Clan and Oda Nobunaga. In doing so, this would free Japan from the Mibu Clan's shadow governing and give Yukimura a chance at taking over Japan.

 * Mibu clan (壬生一族)
 * Ruled by The Crimson King. Most of their members are humanoid in appearance but have very long lives compared to humans and have great strength and power. The lower ranked Mibu are sometimes in humanoid shape with abnormal bodies, i.e. three eyes or clawed hands. These were created by experiments on humans and animals to replenish the clan, because natural childbirth has stopped in the Mibu clan for unknown reasons. The Mibu clan are said to possess the most advanced knowledge in sciences and technology and have been manipulating the country's history from the shadows by helping the Shoguns. They decide to rule the country directly when Ieyasu Tokugawa becomes the first shogun to ever rebel against their power.
 * All of the current Mibu are battle dolls made by True Mibu, except for Demon Eyes Kyo, the last remaining True Mibu. But as generations passed, True Mibu started engaging in civil wars to seek greater power, which ended up in the destruction of their very clan with only battle dolls remaining. Present Mibu are dying off due to the Death Disease which is caused by their flaw as battle dolls created by True Mibu. Kyoshiro and Chinmei are also battle dolls, but a more powerful version created by the first generation battle doll, the former Aka no Ou. They are called "sons of the God", and have limited power compared to what a True Mibu has. Eventually, they will also inherit Death Disease and die.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Akimine Kamijyo, Samurai Deeper Kyo was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from May 25, 1999, to May 10, 2006. Kodansha collected its chapters in 38 tankōbon volumes, released from October 15, 1999, to July 14, 2006.

In North America, the manga was first licensed for English release by Tokyopop; they released 34 volumes from June 10, 2003, to April 7, 2009. In August 2009, Tokyopop announced that their manga licensing contracts with Kodansha had expired. The series was then acquired by Del Rey Manga; the remaining chapters were released in two omnibus volumes; volume 35/36 was released on December 15, 2009, and volume 37/38 was released on July 27, 2010.

Anime
A 26-episode anime television series produced by Studio Deen, directed by Junji Nishimura with screenplay by Shō Aikawa, was broadcast on TV Tokyo from July 2 to December 24, 2002. The opening and ending themes, "Aoi no Requiem" (青のレクイエム) and "Love Deeper", respectively, are both performed by Yuiko Tsubokura.

The series was licensed in North America by Media Blasters. They released it on six DVD sets, under their AnimeWorks label, from June 24, 2003, to May 11, 2004. A complete box set was released on November 16, 2004. The series premiered in the United States on Encore Wam on July 31, 2006.

Video games
Two video games based on Samurai Deeper Kyo have been published by Bandai. The first, a versus fighting game for the PlayStation, was released in Japan on December 12, 2002. Alongside the regular edition of the game, Bandai released a "Limited Edition" bundled with a Samurai Deeper Kyo collectible card game. The second, an action-adventure game for the Game Boy Advance (GBA), was developed by Marvelous Entertainment and released in Japan on December 27, 2002. The game was later localized for North America by Destineer and bundled with a re-release of the anime series box set in 2008; it was the last game to be released for the GBA before the system’s discontinuation in North America.

Kyo is a playable character in the 2009 fighting game Sunday vs Magazine: Shūketsu! Chōjō Daikessen, released by Konami for the PlayStation Portable.

title: Samurai Deeper Kyo


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File talk:Sentinal Slide in Zion Canyon.jpg

this photo looks like a composite! __earth 00:34, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

Comes off "The Sentinel". Please change the spelling! Ratagonia 06:25, 10 October 2006 (UTC)


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Michael Finnissy

Michael Peter Finnissy (born 17 March 1946) is an English composer, pianist, and pedagogue. An immensely prolific composer, his music is "notable for its dramatic urgency and expressive immediacy".

Although he rejects the label, he is often regarded as the foremost composer of the New Complexity movement.

Early life
Michael Finnissy was born at 77 Claverdale Road in Tulse Hill, London at roughly two in the morning on 17 March 1946 to Rita Isolene (née Parsonson) and George Norman Finnissy. His father was employed at the London City Council.

When he was four, he received his first piano lessons from his great aunt Rose Louise (Rosie) Hopwood, soon after writing his first compositions,

He attended Hawes Down Infant and Junior schools, Bromley Technical High School, and Beckenham and Penge Grammar School, and excelled in graphic art, mathematics, and English literature.

Student years
Finnissy received the William Hurlstone composition prize at the Croydon Music Festival, a factor which assisted his parents' decision to let him apply to music college.

He was then awarded a Foundation Scholarship to study at the Royal College of Music where he then studied with Bernard Stevens and Humphrey Searle. Soon after, he received an Octavia travelling scholarship to study in Italy with Roman Vlad. Finnissy was then able to befriend Brian Ferneyhough.

In 1968, he wrote his first proper compositions.

Professional career
To earn money for his classes he took up a job as a répétiteur and freelanced at the London Contemporary Dance School and founded a department there, as well as working with numerous choreographers.

In 1972 he made his concert début in the Galerie Schwartzes Kloster in Freiburg im Breisgau. Meanwhile, he had been appearing around Europe.

Finnissy's first job as a composition teacher was at Dartington Summer School where he taught along with his colleague Ferneyhough and signed contracts with numerous publishers, including Oxford University Press.

He had been a member of the ensemble Suoraan (founded by James Clarke and Richard Emsley) and then its artistic director since the early 1970s, then joining Ixion (founded and still directed by Andrew Toovey) in 1987 - in both of these groups he not only played the piano but also conducted concerts.

Finnissy was invited to join by Justin Connolly to join the International Society for Contemporary Music and was president from 1990 to 1996. He is currently an Honorary Member.

He has attached to C.O.M.A. (initially known as the East London Late Starters Orchestra) since its inception, and is composer-in-residence Victorian College of the Arts and to the Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in Sydney. He has taught at the Royal Academy of Music, the University of Sussex, and is professor of composition at the University of Southampton and composer-in-residence at St. John's College, Cambridge. He won a competition to supply a violin solo test piece to the 1990 Carl Flesch International Violin Competition with Enek.

Finnissy completed his Verdi Transcriptions for piano (which he started in 1972) in 2005.

He is homosexual.

Style
Finnissy is a profusely prolific composer, having written over 400 pieces for numerous ensembles, combinations, and instruments. His works for the piano are notable for their extreme demands on technique. They include his 36 Verdi Transcriptions, written between 1972 and 2005.

Finnissy is concerned with the political aspects of music, and he believes that all music is 'programmatic' to some degree, that is, a composition exists in not just the composer's mind, but inside a culture that reflects both the extra-musical and purely musical concerns of the composer. Music, far from being unable to express anything other than itself (as Stravinsky said) is a force for change. This engagement with political and social themes became more frequent as his career progressed. For example, the influence of homosexual themes and concerns began to enter his work; as in Shameful Vice in 1994, and more explicitly in Seventeen Immortal Homosexual Poets in 1997.

title: Michael Finnissy


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File:A.J. Croce - Adrian James Croce.jpg

Cover for album Adrian James Croce by A. J. Croce.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


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Poison Elves

Poison Elves is a black-and-white comic book by the late artist/writer Drew Hayes, concerning the life and times of an elf named Lusiphur.

Origins and influences
Drew Hayes' work was influenced by Dungeons & Dragons, Elfquest, and Cerebus. Lusiphur was originally one of Hayes' Dungeons & Dragons characters. The book version of the character was based on Lux Interior of The Cramps, Glenn Danzig of The Misfits, and Nivek Ogre of Skinny Puppy.

Publication history
Hayes originally self-published the series during the early 1990s, under his company Mulehide Graphics, under the title of I, Lusiphur. The title was changed to Poison Elves because the similarity of "Lusiphur" to Lucifer led to the misconception that the series was Satanic in nature. Hayes claimed in one of his "Starting Notes" that the name-change was prompted by a letter from a teenage fan whose mother had thrown out his comics after finding I, Lusiphur comics amongst his collection. Sales were reported to have increased significantly after the name change.

The first ten issues of the Mulehide series were published in a larger magazine-size format.

In 1995, Drew Hayes signed on with Sirius Entertainment, a move that increased his exposure, fan base, and publishing rate. Sirius published Poison Elves through issue #79 (Nov, 2007), collecting them in twelve trade paperbacks through issue #75. Hayes died in 2007, bringing the series to an abrupt end. A commemorative issue #80 was released to give fans a look at sketches and plans Drew Hayes had for the future of the series before his death.

Beginning in March 2014, a continuation of the original series, Drew Hayes Poison Elves, based on Hayes' outline for future issues, was published by Ape Entertainment. Written by Sirius publisher Robb Horan and illustrated by Osvaldo Pestana Montpeller, the story picks up almost precisely at the cliffhanger point at the end of the original issue #79. Only three issues were published before the series abruptly ended, which was possibly connected to Ape Entertainment CEO David Hedgecock leaving the company to join IDW Publishing. An unknown number of completed issues remain unpublished.

On July 20, 2023, Sirius Entertainment launched a successful Kickstarter campaign to fund the completion of the first volume of a series of five volumes to collect the entirety of Poison Elves in print and digital formats. A second successful Kickstarter campaign launched on June 8, 2024 to fund the second volume of the series.

Background and setting
Amrahly'nn, the world of Poison Elves, is one where magic and technology meet. An example of this is Lusiphur's magical semi-automatic handgun that never runs out of bullets. Hayes had described the world as "...a mix of Tolkien's Middle Earth and the Neo-Romantic world seen in the Adam and the Ants video for 'Stand and Deliver'".

Lusiphur
Lusiphur, originally named Luis Amerillis Malaché, was found by a married elven couple in the Carpathian forest in 1380. He grew up in their inn in Port Sarnwog. However, his childhood was an unhappy one after a drunken patron set fire to their establishment leaving his adoptive parents desperate for money. His father sank into depression and was later killed in one of the city's violent class wars. With nowhere left to turn, his mother was forced to enter into the only profession she could, prostitution.

In 1390, things took a turn for the worse when an abusive client battered Luse's mother. She escaped without being beaten to death, but in her hurry, she stepped on a nail. The wound became infected and gangrene soon spread, crippling her and leaving her bedridden indefinitely. Her Elvin immune system prevented her from dying, prolonging her suffering until she begged a young Luse to end her suffering. With no money for a doctor or medicine, the young elf had little choice. He slit her wrists with a razor blade to set her free from the suffering. The image of her death would haunt Luse for the rest of his life.

The orphaned Luse learned to survive on the streets alone where he adopted a new identity which he uses today, Lusiphur Malaché. He spent his younger years working for a crime lord called The Nick, where he was involved in risky heists. During this tumultuous time in his life, he met and fell in love with the beautiful priestess Elf, Lirilith. However, he was unable to leave the gang and the continuing life of crime drove the young lovers apart. (This part of Lusiphur's life is chronicled in the mini series, Lusiphur and Lirilith written by Drew Hayes and illustrated by Jason Shawn Alexander).

Supporting characters

 * Jace san Lanargaith: Lusiphur's companion. A fully trained elven soldier following in his father's footsteps.
 * Parintachin: the Imp that lives in and protects Lusiphur's mind.
 * Petunia: a sprite, companion to Lusiphur. First appeared in Poison Elves #45.
 * Hyena:Lusiphur's sorceress ex-wife
 * Lirilith: healer in the Sect of Malamarh'nn and an old friend or Lusiphur
 * Cassandra: Lusiphur's third serious love, who kills herself rather than be captured by Jace
 * Morachi: head of Sanctuary together with Talon
 * Talon: head of Sanctuary together with Morachi
 * Vido: head of the blood guard of mandratha, archnemesis of Sanctuary
 * Tenth: the second-greatest Sorcerer in Ammrahl'ynn
 * Fleece: Lusiphur's friend from Sanctuary
 * Cleah: friend to Lusiphur and Jace
 * Wisp: psychokinetic boy
 * Mogre'Ur: head of the Elvin High council and most powerful sorcerer in Ammrahl'ynn

Plot
The beginning sees Lusiphur left to die in a desert. He makes use of a lamp, with the subsequent genie, that he received after trading the dead body of a Doppleganger to his ex-wife, Hyena. After a failed attempt to ask for a million wishes, he settles on three: A powerful Elven sword named Cinlach, super speed to get out of the desert, and the "well of souls," an assassin tool.

Genie gives him the wishes. But to give them, she has to take them from somewhere. Cinlach comes from an Elven Warduke named Ailwon Sann Fenlach, who quickly notices it missing. He is a veteran of many long-ago wars against the Orcs even if age and time have worn down his fighting acumen. Sann Fenlach has his mage transport him to Lusiphur's location in the desert where he challenges the elf to a duel for stealing his property. At first the Fenlach is winning, due in part to his mage immediately fixing any wounds Lusiphur can inflict.

The turning point comes when a magician named Tenth steps in. Tenth was quietly reading in his study when he felt a temporary shock. The genie drained his power to accommodate Lusiphur's request for super speed. Tenth also pinpoints where Lusiphur is located and sees that he is currently fighting Sann Fenlach. He also sees the disparity in the fight. Lusiphur is a young but experienced assassin, having to fight for everything he ever had. The High Lord is sedentary, fighting his last significant battle hundreds of years ago. In the meantime he has been sitting on his throne recounting past battles. Tenth sees that he is relying too much on the magical connection and severs it.

After Lushiphur defeats the High Lord when the odds are more even, he starts burying the body. Tenth then arrives to take back the small sliver of power that Lusiphur took from him. Tenth wants it to be a fair contest however. Lusiphur could best Tenth in a physical contest and Tenth could destroy Lusiphur quickly if he chose. The wizard has not had a challenge in a while, and so decides to make a sport of it.

In "Tenth's Game," the Elf is given a fighting chance: Make it across 50 meters through an arch. If he does he will survive. His only weapon is a temporary power of shape-changing into animals given to him by Tenth. The wizard promises to only use his shape-changing powers in return.

The two play a cat-and-mouse game, Lusiphur at one point turning into panther-like creature to fend off Tenth who had become a hawk. Tenth turns to a fly, so Lusiphur turns to a rattle snake, but he cannot figure out how to move a rattlesnake. This was when Tenth turns to a Unicorn, causing Lusiphur to panic and he chose a Nightmare (A black batwinged unicorn that bleeds acid and breathes fire.) Tenth becomes a Drake, where as Lusiphur turns to a black Dragon, knocking Tenth into a mountain. After recovering Tenth becomes a gold dragon, the two fight. Lusiphur gets his teeth on Tenth's throat. Up to this point in his existence Tenth has thoroughly beaten any competitor. Lusiphur has made the wizard fear for his life for the first time in many years. The dragon battle drags on, until Lusiphur disappears. Tenth assumes he is dead and scans the ground for his body. As Tenth searches for Lusiphur's body, he tries to go through the gate as a dragon, but he finds he can't fit. So Tenth becomes a Hell hound and goes through the gate, the moment he crosses it, Lusiphur appears out of nowhere and nearly carves Tenth's heart out. Lusiphur had become a flea and let Tenth carry him through the gate.

Collections

 * Volume 1: Requiem for an Elf (published June 1, 1996; contains I, Lusiphur 1–6)
 * Volume 2: Traumatic Dogs (published June 1, 1996; contains I, Lusiphur 7, Poison Elves vol. 1, 8–12)
 * Volume 3: Desert of the Third Sin (published March 1, 1997; contains Poison Elves vol. 1, 13–18)
 * Volume 4: Patrons (published January 1, 1998; contains Poison Elves vol. 1, 19–20)
 * The Mulehide Years ISBN 1-57989-044-X (September 26, 2001; contains I, Lusiphur 1–7, Poison Elves vol. 1, 8–20). This volume is a collection of the first four trade paperbacks. "The Mulehide Years" contains full reprints of issues 1 and 2, whereas Volume 1 had only a text recap of those issues.
 * Volume 5: Sanctuary ISBN 1-57989-054-7 (published November 1, 1998; contains Poison Elves vol. 2, 1–12)
 * Sanctuary Book 1: Deathmonks
 * Sanctuary Book 2: Vivisection
 * Volume 6: Guild War ISBN 1-57989-055-5 (published June 27, 2000; contains Poison Elves vol. 2, 13–25)
 * Sanctuary Book 3: Guild War
 * Sanctuary Book 4: Strange Days
 * Volume 7: Salvation ISBN 1-57989-041-5 (published August 13, 2001; contains Poison Elves vol. 2, 26–39)
 * Sanctuary Book 5: The Wolf
 * Sanctuary Book 6: Cat and Mouse
 * Sanctuary Book 7: End
 * Volume 8: Rogues ISBN 1-57989-051-2 (published July 26, 2002; contains Poison Elves vol. 2, 40–47)
 * Volume 9: Baptism By Fire ISBN 1-57989-058-X (published August 15, 2003; contains Poison Elves vol. 2, 48–59)
 * Volume 10: Dark Wars ISBN 1-57989-074-1 (published March 30, 2005; contains Poison Elves vol. 2, 60–68)
 * Dark Wars Volume One: Heaven's Devils
 * Volume 11: Alliances ISBN 1-57989-089-X (published September 12, 2007; contains Poison Elves vol. 2, 69–80)
 * Dark Wars Volume Two: Alliances

Spin-offs
There have been a number of miniseries and ongoing title spin-offs from the core Poison Elves book, and they have generally been written by other creative teams.

(From Sirius Entertainment)
 * Poison Elves: Lost Tales, 11-issues series, January 2006 – April 2007. Written and drawn by Aaron Bordner. Self-contained stories about various characters from the Poison Elves universe.
 * Poison Elves: Dominion, 6-issues mini-series, September 2005 – September 2006. Written by Keith Davidsen/Art by Scott Lewis. About Lusiphur's adventures prior to the Poison Elves series.
 * Poison Elves: Ventures, 4-issues mini-series, May 2005 – April 2006. Written by Keith Davidsen/Art by Aaron Bordner. Each issue dedicated to a different character: Cassandra, Lynn, The Purple Marauder and Jace.
 * Poison Elves: Hyena, 4-issues mini-series, October 2004 – February 2005. Written by Keith Davidsen/Art by Scott Lewis.
 * Poison Elves Sketchbook, by Drew Hayes & various, January 2003.
 * Poison Elves Companion, 1 issue, December 2002. By Drew Hayes, Keith Davidsen, Mark Smylie & the Fillbach Brothers. Lusiphur's allies and enemies, a complete map of Amrahly'nn, continuity guide, suggested reading chronology, new illustrations... Divided into five parts, (The Dark Wars, Lusiphur Malachi, Lusiphur's Allies, Lusiphur's Enemies, and Weapon Guide).
 * Poison Elves: Parintachin, 3-issues mini-series, October 2001 – March 2002. Written and drawn by the Fillbach Brothers.
 * Poison Elves: Lusiphur & Lirilith, 4-issues mini-series, January–April 2001. Written by Drew Hayes/Art by Jason Shawn Alexander.
 * Poison Elves Color Special, 1 issue, December 1998. By Drew Hayes. Includes three full-color stories, focusing on Hyena, Parintachin, and Lusiphur.
 * Poison Elves Fan Edition #1, 1 issue, October 1996, Overstreet's Fan + Sirius. By Drew Hayes. "Riders" short story in color + 2-pages Drew Hayes interview.
 * The Crow, in Mythography #1, an anthology book also featuring work from other independent creators, Bardic Press, 1996, 64-page. An adaptation of Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven", telling the story of Lusiphur and Hyena's separation.

Other media

 * Poison Elves Volume One Limited Edition Portfolio, by Drew Hayes, set of 8 10x12 inch color prints.
 * Drew Hayes Poison Elves Pencil Sketch Portfolio, by Drew Hayes
 * The Women of Poison Elves Portfolio, by Drew Hayes, set of 8.5 by 11 inch Color Pin-Up plates of Drew's favorite Poison Elves heroines in the style of his favorite Misfits posters.
 * Poison Elves Killer Curves Portfolio, by Scott Lewis
 * Poison Elves Poster by Janine Johnston
 * Cleah Print, by Drew Hayes
 * Lirilith Print, by Jason Alexander
 * Hyena Limited Edition Print #2, by Scott Lewis
 * Poison Elves Poster Map, by Mark Smylie
 * Poison Elves Vinyl Sticker Collection, by Drew Hayes
 * Poison Elves trading cards. 1996, released through Comic Images. 24pt., 75-card series with chase cards including 6 Chromium Cards (labelled C1 to C6), a 3-card subset (labelled C1 to C3) and an Autographed card. 8 cards per pack.
 * 10 Poison Elves trading cards in the "Creators Alternate Universe" collector card set. 1996, released through Dynamic Entertainment, published by Sirius. 10 cards labelled 35 to 44 in a 90-card series.
 * Lusiphur 1:8 scale prepainted statue, designed by Drew Hayes and sculpted by Yoshihiro Saito, cold cast resin, standing 11 inches with base (2000, Sirius/Fewture Models)
 * Poison Elves Encyclopedia CD-Rom
 * Poison Elves Encyclopedia Limited Edition USB Flash Drive
 * Poison Elves Zippo Lighter

title: Poison Elves


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Tunde Baiyewu

Emmanuel Babatunde Baiyewu (born 25 November 1968 ), better known as Tunde Baiyewu, is a British singer and songwriter of Nigerian descent, best known as the vocalist of Lighthouse Family. In 2004, he embarked on a solo career, releasing the album Tunde. In 2013, he published his second album, Diamond in a Rock.

Early life and career
Tunde Baiyewu was born in London to a middle-class family of Nigerian descent. His father worked as an engineer but died of cancer when Baiyewu was five, after which the boy moved to Nigeria with his mother and younger sister in order for the family to be closer to relatives. Baiyewu learned to speak Yoruba after moving to Nigeria and attended a boarding school near the then-capital, Lagos. Ten years later, he returned to Britain, attending the University of Northumbria in Newcastle upon Tyne and obtained a degree in accounting. He subsequently met Paul Tucker, who was also at university in Newcastle and working in the bar scene. Their partnership began, and they formed Lighthouse Family.

Lighthouse Family released their debut album, Ocean Drive, with the lead single, "Lifted", reaching the top five on the UK Singles Chart. Ocean Drive was certified six-times Platinum by the end of 1997, selling more than 1.8 million copies in the UK alone and spending 154 weeks on the UK Albums Chart. Lighthouse Family’s follow-up album, Postcards from Heaven, achieved similar sales status in 1997, reaching six-times Platinum status, and Whatever Gets You Through the Day also received Platinum status. The duo has sold over fifteen million albums throughout their career.

In 2004, Baiyewu released his debut solo album, Tunde.

In 2005, he appeared on the BBC Television one-off special Strictly African Dancing. He came last but learned the Bata dance in the process.

On 12 November 2006, Baiyewu appeared in an ITV documentary called Faith in Music. This documentary charted his life and music, from his roots in Africa, through Lighthouse Family and into his solo incarnation. It also showed him performing an acoustic set featuring tracks from his latest album.

In 2013, Baiyewu announced plans for a second solo album, titled Diamond in a Rock, which was released, together with the single "Move", on 4 March 2013.

In October 2013, Baiyewu joined M People as a support act during their "20th Anniversary Greatest Hits Tour".

In 2019, Lighthouse Family released a new album, Blue Sky in Your Head. The group's first record in eighteen years, it was supported by two sell-out UK tours. The duo split in July 2022 and did not perform at the Mouth of the Tyne Festival, as they had agreed, despite the show selling out.

Since 2020, Baiyewu has been working on a new collection of recordings, inspired by the artists and the singer-songwriter era of the 1970s. Reunited with Lighthouse Family producer Mike Peden, he has recorded a selection of Troubadour-influenced songs, including compositing by Elton John, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, James Taylor, Leon Russell, Cat Stevens, Van Morrison, David Gates, Bill Withers, Todd Rundgren, and Barry White.

Personal life
After Baiyewu's father's death, his mother went on to marry former Nigerian president Olusegun Obasanjo. She died in 2000.

In March 2007, Baiyewu married Tope Adeshina, a Nigerian model, in Lagos, Nigeria. They live in the UK.

title: Tunde Baiyewu


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List of state highways in Hawaii

The Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) maintains the smallest state-maintained system of state highways in the country. It consists of Interstates, state highways, and secondary state highways, totaling approximately 1,013 mi.

The state's four Interstates, all located on O‘ahu, are built to mainland standards unlike their counterparts in Alaska and Puerto Rico. The first three routes (H-1, H-2, and H-3) were approved in 1960, while an auxiliary route (H-201) was added in 1989.

Primary and secondary routes
The current state (then territorial) highway numbering system was established in 1955. Route numbers are organized so that the initial digit corresponds to the island:
 * Numbers beginning with 1 or 2: Hawaiʻi
 * Numbers beginning with 3: Maui
 * Numbers beginning with 4: Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi
 * Numbers beginning with 5: Kauaʻi
 * Numbers beginning with 6 to 9: Oʻahu

In general, two-digit numbers are primary highways, maintained by the state. Three-digit routes are typically secondary arterials or collectors, while four-digit routes are typically collectors and minor roads. For secondary routes, the first two digits generally relate to the associated primary route. Many secondary routes are county-maintained and unsigned, their route numbers being used merely by state agencies as an asset-tracking measure.

When referring to highways, Hawaiʻi residents usually refer to state highways by their names instead of their route numbers (e.g. Kamehameha Highway instead of Route 99). Note that one named highway may encompass several route numbers (e.g. Kamehameha Highway, which carries Routes 80, 83, 99, and 830 at various points along its length) and vice versa.

Temporary Federal routes
During World War II, a temporary Federal route numbering system was setup on the island of Oahu. They were used to assist military personnel not accustomed to the Hawaiian street names during the time of Martial law in the Territory of Hawaii from 1941 to 1945. Though marked with U.S. Route shields, they were never part of the United States Numbered Highway System.

title: List of state highways in Hawaii


text:
Katsuhiko Oku

Katsuhiko Oku (奥 克彦 Oku Katsuhiko, 3 January 1958 – 29 November 2003) was a Japanese diplomat who played rugby for Oxford and Waseda University. In Britain he was known as "Katsu".

Character and life
A very popular and dynamic personality, he later became a diplomat and was sent from the Japanese embassy in London to Iraq where he was killed by unknown assailants with his colleague Masamori Inoue and their Iraqi driver when their car was ambushed on 29 November 2003 near Tikrit. He was promoted posthumously to ambassador in recognition of his work by the Japanese foreign ministry (Gaimusho).

Oku made a point of visiting many countries and finding out what the local people wanted. He saw it as the first duty of a diplomat.

Since 2004 an Oku Memorial Trophy has been contested annually in Richmond, London by the Kew Occasionals club (founded by Katsu Oku's good friend Reg Clark), London Japanese RFC and some Japanese teams. (See RFU's official newspaper Touchline, February 2007 issue).

Charitable fund
A charitable fund has been set up in his name for the children of Iraq and a collection at the 2004 Oxford-Cambridge Varsity Match went towards that fund. Proceeds from the recent game in Japan between Waseda and Oxford (which Waseda won for the first time ever) also went to the fund, and the game was called the Katsuhiko Oku Memorial match. It was played on 20 September 2004 and Waseda won 25-9. The average weight of the forwards was Oxford 107 kg, Waseda 99 kg. The record now stands at one win, one draw and ten losses.

Katsuyuki Kiyomiya, the coach of Waseda's highly successful rugby team 2001–2006, was a friend of Mr. Oku, and is a trustee of his memorial fund in Japan. Together they invented a slogan "ULTIMATE CRUSH".

title: Katsuhiko Oku


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Pangbourne College

Pangbourne College is a co-educational private day and boarding school located in Pangbourne, Berkshire. It is set in 230 acres, on a hill south-west of the village, in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The college was founded by Sir Thomas Lane Devitt Bt. in 1917 as The Nautical College, Pangbourne with the purpose of training boys to become Merchant Navy officers. It became "Pangbourne College" in 1969 and while conforming to the general lines of a British independent boarding school, retains a distinctly nautical flavour; the pupils wear naval uniform.

History
The college was founded by Sir Thomas Lane Devitt, 1st Baronet, in 1917 as "The Nautical College, Pangbourne", on the site originally occupied by Clayesmore School, now located in Dorset. The Nautical College's purpose was to prepare boys to become officers in the Merchant Navy through his shipping company Devitt and Moore, although both he, and later his son, Sir Phillip Devitt, also wanted the boys to have a well-rounded education in case they later changed their minds about going to sea. At the time of founding the German campaign of unrestricted submarine warfare was at its height, and this was one reason for a nautical training school to be sited inland. Almost immediately after founding, the Admiralty took a keen interest, and naval uniform together with the status of cadet in the Royal Naval Reserve was awarded to every student, putting the college in line with similar schools at that time, such as HMS Worcester and HMS Conway. These last two institutions closed in 1968 and 1974 respectively as the number of young men seeking a career at sea declined, and in 1969 The Nautical College, Pangbourne became "Pangbourne College". This also saw a shift in emphasis to a stronger academic programme, and with a civilian headmaster to replace the former post of captain superintendent. Directors of studies were replaced by the post of second master. The fourth, and current, headmaster, Thomas Garnier, served in the Royal Navy before switching to a career in teaching. He taught physics and was a housemaster before becoming headmaster in 2005.

In addition to normal academic subjects, the college's curriculum included the teaching of seamanship and navigation, theoretical and practical, to O Level for all boys, and to Higher National Diploma (A Level equivalent) in Seamanship for cadets wishing to embark on a career in the Merchant Navy.

Originally catering to about 200 male "cadets" bound largely for service in the Merchant and Royal Navies, the school now has approximately 400 co-educational pupils, both day and boarding. It has a Christian ethos, takes a wide range of academic abilities and focuses on the development of the whole person, particularly including "courtesy and self-discipline", "supporting the success of others" and "aiming high". For most of its history, the college numbered on average around 200 cadets in any given year. Recently numbers have expanded to an average complement of around 400, due in part to the college becoming co-educational in 1996 and opening a junior house.

A number of naval traditions are maintained. The college holds a parade seven times a year, culminating on 'Founders Day' with the ceremony of "beat the retreat". While the title of "cadet" for pupils has fallen into disuse, pupils continue to wear naval uniform on a daily basis, including the traditional rank slides of a Royal Navy cadet. College argot reflects the nautical traditions, with "cabins" instead of study bedrooms, "gunrooms" instead of pupil common rooms, "galleys" instead of kitchens, and so on. A focus on water-borne sports, including rowing and sailing, remains a legacy of a nautical past.

Academic
Pangbourne takes students with a range of academic abilities, the majority of whom enter via common entrance at 11 or 13 and a few at sixth form (16+). Subjects are taught at both GCSE and A-level.

The Good Schools Guide describes Pangbourne as "A small, distinctive, grounded and family-oriented school that puts huge emphasis on self-discipline, teamwork and leadership. Caring and supportive, Pangbourne buzzes with activity and encourages every pupil to have a go." The college has a boarding culture with around forty per-cent of the pupils boarding on a full, weekly or part-week basis. An Independent Schools Inspectorate visit in November 2019 reported the college to be "excellent" in all nine of its categories.

Divisions
The boarding houses at Pangbourne are known as "divisions".

*Pupils aged from 11–13 years belong to Dunbar.

All of the divisions are named after ships operated at various times by the Devitt and Moore Line, and all contain roughly 60 pupils. Every pupil at Pangbourne is allocated to a boarding house when applying to Pangbourne whether he or she is a boarder or day pupil. Pangbourne does not use the system whereby scholars live in their own separate house, but instead chooses to integrate them into regular divisions. The divisions constantly compete against each other in sports and extra-curricular activities, ranging from debating and singing to running and marching. The division which has performed best at the end of the year is presented with the coveted Headmaster's Cup on Founder's Day. Each division is staffed by a housemaster or housemistress, assistant housemaster or mistress, a matron, and a number of house tutors. In addition to these, each division has a chief, one or more deputy chiefs, and a new entry cadet officer drawn from among the senior pupils.

Sport
Pangbourne offers students a range of sports with professional coaching. The performance of the Pangbourne College Boat Club is exceptional. The school has won the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup four times at the Henley Royal Regatta.

The college has a rugby club, with the first XV progressing to the latter stages of the Daily Mail Cup in recent years. (FTC) In 2013 "The Red Wall" became associated with the London Irish Rugby Club. This now gives team members access to professional training through the London Irish's Academy. A number of Pangbournians have gone on to play at county, academy and national level, whilst still at the school.

Non-sporting activities
The college has a Combined Cadet Force contingent consisting of three sections: Royal Navy, Royal Marines and Army. In the year 2013-2014 13 pupils went to the Falkland Islands to complete their gold award expedition.

There is a marching band. Formed originally to provide fifes, drums and bugles to lead parades, it has now developed brass and wind sections as well, and performs outside the college for charity events. Each year it leads the Remembrance Sunday service parade through Pangbourne village.

The school has a new music centre. It has inaugurated the Pangbourne College piano festival, in which participating pupils come from all over the Home Counties and London to take part, using the pianos in its three recital halls. There is an annual Pangbourne College composers` competition.

Falkland Islands Memorial Chapel
The Falkland Islands Memorial Chapel was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in March 2000. It was built to commemorate the lives and sacrifice of all those who died during the Falklands War of 1982, and the courage of those who served with them to protect the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands. The shape of the building was designed to resemble a ship, reflecting the college's naval history. It was largely due to this history that the college was chosen as the site for this national memorial chapel, together with the fact that 45 Old Pangbournians (OP) served in the Falklands conflict. More than a third of these OPs were either decorated or mentioned in despatches; most publicly known of the OPs taking part at the time were D.H. Scott-Masson (Pangbourne 1944–46) who was captain of Canberra, the P&O liner converted to troop ship and hospital ship for the conflict; and Major (later Lieutenant Colonel) Ewen Southby-Tailyour RM (Pangbourne 1955–59), who was one of the first ashore with the retaking of the islands. A gifted yachtsman, he is also an author, and among other books, he had published a detailed sailing guide to the coasts around the islands called Falkland Island Shores, which was withdrawn by the Ministry of Defence at the outbreak of hostilities. The Queen returned to the college in 2007, together with the Duke of Edinburgh, the former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, the then-current Prime Minister Tony Blair, and service chiefs responsible for the conduct of that war, to mark the 25th anniversary of the Argentine surrender. Links between the Falkland Islands and the college were also recently highlighted by the visit this year to the chapel of the Falkland Islands Governor, Mr. Colin Roberts.

On the south side of the building, there is the World War II memorial window, commemorating more than 200 former cadets who lost their lives in that conflict. A number of medals and citations were won during this war by Old Pangbournians, including 2 George Crosses for service in the Merchant Navy: an Albert Medal won for saving life at sea in the Mediterranean, and converted to a George Cross in 1971; and a George Cross awarded in naval bomb disposal. A further 31 Distinguished Service Orders, 91 Distinguished Service Crosses, and 2 George Medals were awarded. The window denotes an airman, a Merchant Navy seaman, a commando and a naval officer. It was transferred from the college's former St. Nicholas Chapel.

Pangbourne's war effort was so significant that it prompted a special visit from King George VI and his daughter, the then Princess Elizabeth, for the Founder's Day prize giving in 1943, at the height of the war. The college has had many other visits from members of the British Royal Family over the years, beginning with the Prince of Wales in 1927 for the college's tenth anniversary - he later became Edward VIII; and continuing with visits from Princess Alice through to four further visits by the Queen; four from the Duke of Edinburgh; a visit from Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 1980; and visits from Earl Mountbatten, The Princess Royal and the Duke of York, who is also Patron of the chapel. The most recent visit by the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh took place on May 9, 2017, with a service in the chapel, followed by a parade, to help mark the college's centennial year.

"The Memorial Chapel – which cost a total of £2.3 million and was opened in March 2000 by Her Majesty The Queen – seats 580 within the ground floor area and gallery; its design, which came about as a result of a nation-wide competition won by Crispin Wride Architectural Design Studio, is reminiscent of the shape of a ship – almond or 'mandorla' shaped – denoting hands 'cupped' in prayer. Natural light flows down the pale coloured inside walls from clear glass surrounding the curved roof and diffused through its focal feature at the north end – a memorial window with stained glass depicting the Falkland Islands within Christ's Cross surrounded by a lively sea in vibrant shades of blue, green, yellow and grey – designed by John Clark

Visitors experience a feeling of calm and comfort within the body of the church and gallery area – created by the soft ash and neutral colours surrounding them. There are also some beautifully engraved clear glass panels within each of the main internal and external doors, which take them on a journey from the turbulence of war to the tranquillity of peace."

Each seat has been donated by an organisation or individual, and under each seat is a kneeler with the name of one of the Falklands` casualties.

The chapel was the winner of Private Eye's Sir Hugh Casson Award for the worst new building of the year in 2000, with the magazine's architecture critic, 'Piloti', describing it as ""so very like the Ruskin Library that its 'architects' are obviously shameless".

Notable Old Pangbournians

 * Jeffrey Bernard, journalist and writer of the column "Low Life" in The Spectator, and subject of the play Jeffrey Bernard is Unwell by Keith Waterhouse.
 * Beverley Cross, playwright of Half a Sixpence, starring Tommy Steele, among many other productions, and late husband to actress Dame Maggie Smith.
 * Patrick Derham, former headmaster of Westminster School
 * Jeffrey Richard de Corban Evans SBStJ, Past Prime Warden Shipwrights' Company, and Sheriff of The City of London, 2012–13. In 2015 Evans became the 688th Lord Mayor of the City of London, and also an elected member of the House of Lords, now sitting as Baron Evans.
 * Sir Robin Gillett, 2nd Baronet GBE RD, Master Mariner; youngest ever staff commander, Canadian Pacific Lines; Royal Navy Reserve officer; Lord Mayor of London at the time of the Queen's Silver Jubilee (1976–77); and former Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod.
 * Jefferson Hack, journalist and magazine editor, co-founder of the magazine Dazed & Confused
 * Lieutenant Commander Roger Hill DSO DSC, destroyer captain and author
 * Mike Hailwood MBE GM, motorcycle racer and 12 times Isle of Man TT champion.
 * Patrick Hawes Resident composer and music teacher at Pangbourne College
 * Colin Hodgkinson (RAF officer), partially disabled wartime fighter pilot
 * Sir William Garth Morrison Kt CBE DL, former naval officer, former Chief Scout and late Lord Lieutenant of East Lothian.
 * Rodney Pattisson MBE, yachtsman and twice Olympic gold medallist.
 * Captain John Ridgway MBE, Special Air Service and Parachute Regiment officer, writer, yachtsman, first Atlantic rower (with Chay Blyth), and founder of Ardmore Adventure School.
 * Ken Russell, film director and producer, perhaps best known for his film The Devils.
 * Andrew "Bart" Simpson MBE, sailor, Olympic gold and silver medallist, and Americas Cup professional, who drowned in a sailing accident off California on 9 May 2013.
 * Colonel David Smiley LVO OBE MC and Bar, World War II special forces and intelligence officer, Special Operations Executive and MI6 agent, author, and officer commanding the mounted escort at the Queen's Coronation; often considered to be one of John le Carré`s inspirations for George Smiley in his Tinker, Tailor series of spy novels.
 * Frederick Treves awarded the BEM and the Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea as a 17-year-old merchant seaman during World War II. Subsequently, a successful actor.
 * Very Rev Richard Shuttleworth Wingfield-Digby, Dean of Peterborough, 1966–80.
 * Lieutenant Colonel Ewen Southby-Tailyour OBE, Royal Marines officer, author, Yachtsman of the Year 1982.
 * Tom Spencer, former Conservative MEP who became leader of the UK Conservative MEPs, and chairman of the EU Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee. He stood down in 1999.
 * Nigel, Lord Vinson LVO, businessman and inventor, and former British Army officer.
 * John Young CBE, former naval officer and chairman of Young's Brewery, Wandsworth.
 * The Hon Francis (Frank) Davies, multi-award-winning record producer.
 * Lt Cdr Mike Cumberlege DSO & Bar, RD, Greek Medal of Honour, RNR, SOE – murdered in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1945.

title: Pangbourne College


text:
Jesse B. Aikin

Jesse Bowman Aikin (1808–1900) was a shape note "singing master", and compiler of the shape note tunebook The Christian Minstrel. He was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania and lived on a farm in Hatfield, Pennsylvania. Aikin, a member of the Church of the Brethren, was the first to successfully produce a song book (The Christian Minstrel) with a seven-shape note system, in 1846. He vigorously defended his "invention" and his patent, which included the elimination of bass and treble clefs and the simplification of time signatures. After the influential Ruebush & Kieffer Publishing Company began using his notehead shapes around 1876 (previously they used Funk's shapes), the Aikin shapes eventually became the prevailing standard in shape note and gospel music publication, although few other compilers adopted his other innovations.

Aikin's names for the notes were originally written: Doe Ray Mee Faw Sole Law See. All the note stems pointed downwards, and the stems for Doe, Ray, and See were placed centrally on the shape, rather than to the side. These conventions were discarded by later users of his system, so as not to deviate so much from standard notation. The name See was also changed to Ti (as used in the Tonic sol-fa system), so as not to be confused with a sharpened Sol.

Today Aikin's system is still in use, though it is often referred to as the Aiken system, a spelling error introduced by George Pullen Jackson and perpetuated by the Sibelius music notation program.

Publications

 * The Christian Minstrel, 1846
 * Harmonia Ecclesiæ, Companion to The Christian Minstrel, 1853
 * The Sabbath School Minstrel, 1859

title: Jesse B. Aikin


text:
Our Gang personnel

The Our Gang personnel page is a listing of the significant cast and crew from the Our Gang short subjects film series, originally created and produced by Hal Roach which ran in movie theaters from 1922 to 1944.

The series was produced by Hal Roach Studio's from 1922 until 1938, and from 1938 and 1944 by MGM pictures After being purchased by MGM studios, the title was changed to The Little Rascals, for subsequent theatrical re-releases from the Roach-produced era, as well as for syndicated television broadcasts starting from 1955.

Our Gang cast

 * The series franchise having been produced in various formats, is in general depicted by 3 different eras, The Hal Roach Silent Film era (1922–1929), The Hal Roach Sound era (1929–1938) and the MGM produced era (1938–1944)

1922–1926

 * Ernie Morrison as Sunshine Sammy
 * Jackie Condon
 * Mickey Daniels
 * Allen Hoskins as Farina
 * Peggy Cartwright
 * Jack Davis
 * Mary Kornman (replaced Peggy after A Quiet Street)
 * Andy Samuel
 * Joe Cobb as the fat kid
 * Jannie "Mango" Hoskins
 * Sonny Boy "Sing Joy" Warde
 * Eugene Jackson as Pineapple (replaced Ernie Morrison in 1924)
 * Johnny Downs
 * Pal the Dog
 * Dinah the Mule

(1926–1929)

 * Allen Hoskins
 * Jackie Condon
 * Joe Cobb
 * Mickey Daniels
 * Mary Kornman
 * Johnny Downs
 * Jannie Hoskins as Mango
 * Jay R. Smith (replaced Mickey Daniels in 1926)
 * Clifton Young as Bonedust
 * Scooter Lowry as Skooter
 * Mildred Kornman
 * Jean Darling (replaced Mary Kornman in 1926)
 * Bobby Hutchins as Wheezer
 * Harry Spear (replaced Elmer Lowry (Scooter) in 1927)
 * Mary Ann Jackson
 * Diane East
 * Pete the Pup (called Minnie in at least one film, and Pansy in a handful of other films, offspring of Pal the Pup (above))
 * Dinah the Mule
 * Henry Hill as Henry

(1929–1931)

 * Allen Hoskins
 * Mary Ann Jackson
 * Joe Cobb
 * Harry Spear
 * Jean Darling
 * Bobby Hutchins (replaced Jackie Condon in 1929)
 * Clifton Young
 * Norman Chaney as Chubby (replaced Joe Cobb in 1929)
 * Jackie Cooper (replaced Harry Spear in 1929)
 * Donald Haines (replaced Jay R. Smith in 1929)
 * Dorothy DeBorba
 * Buddy McDonald
 * Matthew "Stymie" Beard (joined in 1930, became Allen Hoskins (Farina)'s replacement in 1931)
 * Shirley Jean Rickert
 * Pete the Pup (the original Pete was poisoned in 1930; trainer Harry Lucenay used Pete's offspring [who all appear in Pups is Pups] in the series after they reached maturity starting in 1931)
 * Dinah the Mule

1931–1933

 * Matthew Beard as Stymie
 * Bobby Hutchins
 * Dorothy DeBorba
 * Donald Haines
 * Sherwood Bailey
 * Kendall McComas as Breezy Brisbane (Was Jackie Cooper's replacement until Dickie Moore took over)
 * Jerry Tucker
 * George McFarland as Spanky
 * Dickie Moore (Became Jackie Cooper's replacement)
 * Jacquie Lyn
 * John Collum as Uh Huh
 * Tommy Bond
 * Pete the Pup (Dog trainer Harry Lucenay left the Roach studio in 1932; unrelated, dissimilar bulldogs played Pete in subsequent films)

1934–1935

 * Matthew Beard
 * Jerry Tucker
 * George McFarland
 * Tommy Bond (left in 1934, would return in 1937 as "Butch")
 * Wally Albright
 * Scotty Beckett
 * Jackie Lynn Taylor
 * Marianne Edwards
 * Leonard Kibrick
 * Billie Thomas as Buckwheat (joined in 1934, became Matthew Beard (Stymie)'s replacement in 1935)
 * Philbrook Lyons
 * Alvin Buckelew (replaced Donald Haines in 1934)
 * Barbara Goodrich
 * Pete the Pup

1935

 * George McFarland
 * Scotty Beckett
 * Billie Thomas as Buckwheat
 * Jerry Tucker
 * Leonard Kibrick
 * Marianne Edwards
 * Alvin Buckelew
 * Sidney Kibrick
 * Carl Switzer as Alfalfa (joined in 1935, became Scotty Beckett's replacement in 1936)
 * Harold Switzer as Slim
 * Darla Hood
 * Eugene Gordon Lee as Porky
 * Patsy May
 * Barbara Goodrich
 * Pete the Pup

1936–1938

 * George McFarland
 * Carl Switzer
 * Billie Thomas
 * Darla Hood
 * Eugene Gordon Lee
 * Tommy Bond as Butch (replaced Leonard Kibrick in 1937)
 * Sidney Kibrick as Woim
 * Darwood Kaye as Waldo
 * Gary Jasgur as Junior
 * Henry "Spike" Lee
 * Leonard Landy
 * Shirley Coates
 * Barbara Goodrich
 * Patsy May
 * Harold Switzer
 * Pete the Pup

1938–1939

 * George McFarland
 * Carl Switzer
 * Billie Thomas
 * Darla Hood
 * Eugene Gordon Lee
 * Tommy Bond
 * Sidney Kibrick
 * Darwood Kaye
 * Gary Jasgur
 * Leonard Landy
 * Shirley Coates as Muggsy
 * Harold Switzer

1939–1942

 * George McFarland
 * Billie Thomas
 * Carl Switzer
 * Darla Hood
 * Shirley Coates
 * Leonard Landy
 * Harold Switzer
 * Mickey Gubitosi (replaced first Junior, and then Porky, in 1939)
 * Billy Laughlin as Froggy (joined in 1940, replaced Alfalfa in 1941)
 * Janet Burston (made guest appearances from 1940 until she replaced Darla in 1942)

1942–1944

 * Billie Thomas
 * Billy Laughlin
 * Robert Blake as Mickey (actor Gubitosi changed his name in 1942)
 * Janet Burston
 * Mickey Laughlin as Happy Laughlin
 * Violet the Goat

Additional notable Our Gang cast
Arthur William Anderson Jr. is in a picture as part of the cast from about 1941. He is not listed in the book about The Little Rascals, but he is in the picture I have.
 * Sonny Bupp, a successful child actor; played bit roles in several late-1930s Our Gang shorts, including a prominent role in Men in Fright (1938)
 * Dorothy Dandridge, the first African-American actress to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress; made her film debut as an extra in Teacher's Beau (1935)
 * Darryl Hickman, a successful child actor; made a featured guest appearance in Going to Press (1942)
 * Dwayne Hickman (Darryl's younger brother), later famous as the star of TV's The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, had a bit part in the short, Melodies Old and New (1942)
 * Philip Hurlic, a successful child actor; had small parts in several late-1930s Our Gang shorts, and temporarily took Buckwheat's place as a member of the main cast for Feed 'em and Weep (1938)
 * Leon Janney, a successful actor and radio personality; had a prominent role in Bear Shooters (1930)
 * Annabella Logan, later famous as jazz singer Annie Ross, sings one of the musical numbers in Our Gang Follies of 1938
 * June Preston, an RKO child actress
 * Juanita Quigley, a successful child actress; appeared in two MGM Our Gang shorts as "Sally": The New Pupil (1940) and Going to Press (1942)

Recurring Our Gang cast
• John Hatton (1922)

• Anna Mae Bilson (1922)

• Richard Billings (1922–1923)

• Elmo Billings (1922–1925)

• George Ward as Freckles (1922–1923)

• Kenneth Johnson (1922)

• Betsy Ann Hisle as Mabel (1922)

• Gabe Saienz (1922–1926)

• Walter Wilkinson (1922–1924)

• Winston and Weston Doty (1922)

• Dorothy Morrison (1923–1925)

• Doris "Imogene" Oelze (1923, 1927)

• Ivadell Carter (1923–1925)

• Peggy Ahern (1923–1927)

• Lassie Lou Ahern (1923–1926)

• Julia Brown (1923)

• Leona Levin (1923)

• Dick Henchen (1924)

• "Powder-Puff" (actor unidentified) (1924)

• David Durand (1925–1926)

• Jackie Hanes as Husky (1925–1926)

• Nancy McKee (1926)

• Billy Naylor (1926)

• Peggy Eames (1926–1927)

• Johnny Aber (1927–1930)

• Buddy McNeal (1927-1929)

• Andy Shuford (1927–1929)

• Jimsy Boudwin (1927)

• Bret Black as Buck (1927)

• Bobby Mallon (1927–1932)

• Davey Monahan (1927)

• Richard "Coolidge" Smith and Robert "Tunney" Smith (1927)

• Paul Toien (1927–1928)

• Jack Hanlon (1927)

• Annette De Kirby (1927)

• Bobby Dean (1928)

• Donnie Smith as Beezer (1928–1929)

• Jimmy Farren (1928)

• Warren Mills (1929)

• Gordon Thorpe (1929–1930)

• George Dunning (1929)

• Fletcher Tolbert as Rusty (1930)

• Jerry McGowan (1930)

• Beverly Parrish (1930)

• Edith Fellows (1930–1933)

• Jack McHugh (1930)

• Georgie Billings (1930–1933)

• Douglas Greer (1930–1932)

• Warner and Wolfgang Weidler (1930)

• Allen Tong (1930)

• Artye Folz (1930, 1932)

• Dickie Jackson (1931–1933)

• George Ernest (1931)

• Jackie Williams (1931)

• Charles "Chic" Sale Jr. (1931)

• Carlena Beard (1931–1932)

• Patsy Britten (1932)

• Harold Wertz as Bouncey(1932)

• Marcia Mae Jones (1932–1933)

• Bobby De War (1932–1933)

• Henry Hanna (1932–1933)

• David Holt (1933)

• Tommy McFarland (1933–1943)

• Dickie Hutchins (1933)

• Bill Farnum (1933)

• Olga Therkow (1933)

• Tommy Bupp (1934

• Marvin Strin as Bubbles (1934–1937)

• Donald Proffitt (1934–1937)

• Edmund Corthell (1934)

• Barbara Goodrich (1934–1937)

• Cullen Johnson (1934, 1937)

• Billy Lee Wolfstone (1934–1935)

• Jackie Wilson (1934)

• Billy Lee (1934)

• Leona McDowell (1934–1935)

• Joy Wurgaft (1934–1935)

• Laura June Williams (1934–1938)

• Dickie Jones (1934–1937)

• Gene Reynolds (1934)

• Joe Levine (1934–1939)

• Jackie White (1934–1935)

• Harry Lowe Jr. (1934)

• Marilyn Bourne (1934)

• Gilbert Hullett (1934)

• Paul Rodriguez (1934)

• Tony Kales (1934)

• Gordon Evans (1934)

• Harry Harvey Jr. (1934–1935)

• Eileen Bernstein (1934–1935)

• Merrill Strong (1935–1936)

• Cecilia Murray (1935)

• The Cabin Kids (1935)

• The Meglin Kiddies (1935)

• Bonnie Lynn (1935)

• Fred Walburn as Slicker (1935, 1940–1942)

• Rex Downing (1935–1937)

• Margaret Kerry (1935–1938)

• Robert Lentz as Spiky (1935)

• Dickie De Nuet (1935–1937)

• Paul Hilton (1935–1939)

• The Brian Sisters (1935)

• The Bud Murray Dancers (1935–1942)

• Gloria Brown (1936–1939)

• Billy Minderhout (1936–1938)

• Betsy Gay as Effie (1936–1938)

• Joe "Tubby" Straunch Jr. (1936–1941)

• Flaette Roberts (1936)

• Georgie Jean LaRue (1937)

• Yoshi Nistu (1937)

• Yoko Kawachichi (1937)

• Delmar Watson (1937)

• Payne Johnson (1937-1939)

• Vincent Graeff as Boxcar (1937–1944)

• Hugh Chapman (1937–1940)

• Barry Downing (1937-1943)

• Dorothy "Jackie" Horner (1937–1943)

• Philip MacMahon (later known as Tommy Ryan) (1937)

• Cordell Hickman as Big Shot (1937, 1944)

• Clifford "Richard" Severn Jr. (1937)

• James Gubitosi (1939–1943)

• Freddie Chapman (1939–1943)

• Clyde Willson (1939–1940)

• Valerie "Marilyn" Lee (1939–1944)

• Giovanna Gubitosi (later known as Joan Blake) (1940–1943)

• Edward "Lee Wong" Soo Hoo (1941–1942)

• Bobby "Gerald" Browning (1941, 1944)

• "Big Shot" (actor unknown) (1941–1943)

• Harvard Peck (1941)

• Leon Tyler (1941–1942)

• Clyde Demback as Fatty (1942)

• Tommy Tucker as Spud (1942–1943)

• Frank Lester Ward (1942–1944)

• Dickie Hall (1943–1944)

• Marlene Kinghorn (1943)

• Marlene Mains (1943)

• David Polonsky (1943)

Recurring adult actors
Many of the regular adult actors in Our Gang also frequently appeared in other Hal Roach comedies, including the Charley Chase and Laurel and Hardy series:

 * William Gillespie as various characters (1922–1931)
 * Helen Gilmore as various characters (1922–1930)
 * Charles Stevenson as various characters (1922–1923)
 * Dick Gilbert as various characters, notably the kind man at the dog pound in The Pooch (1922–1933)
 * Florence Hoskins as various characters, usually Farina's mother (1922–1928)
 * Joseph Morrison (also known as Ernie Morrison, Sr.) as various characters, usually Ernie and Farina's father
 * Katherine Grant as various characters (1922–1925)
 * Richard Daniels as various characters, usually Mickey Daniels' father (1922–1926)
 * George B. French as various characters, notably Professor Clements in Thundering Fleas and Professor Fleece in Shivering Spooks (1923–1928)
 * Lyle Tayo as various characters, usually one of the kids' mothers (1924–1934)
 * Gus Leonard as various characters, notably Old Cap in Mush and Milk and Grandpa Gus in The Lucky Corner (1925–1936)
 * Jimmy Finlayson as various characters, most notably the schoolteacher in Seeing the World and Mr. Brown in Mush and Milk (1925–1933)
 * Martha Sleeper as various characters (1925–1927)
 * Charlie Hall as various characters (1926–1936)
 * Charles McAvoy as various characters, notably Jackie Cooper's father in When the Wind Blows (1926–1934)
 * Louise Emmons as the headmistress in Bring Home the Turkey and Mush and Milk
 * Budd Fine as various characters, notably the dog catcher in The Pooch (1928–1932)
 * Otto Fries as various characters, notably the orphan asylum agent in Little Daddy, the blacksmith in Readin' and Writin', and Spanky's father in The Kid from Borneo (1929–1933)
 * Edgar Kennedy as Kennedy the cop (1929–1930)
 * June Marlowe as Miss Crabtree, the schoolteacher (1930–1932)
 * Creighton Hale as various characters, notably Miss Crabtree's brother in School's Out (1930–1932)
 * Margaret Mann as the kids' adopted Grandma in Helping Grandma and Fly My Kite (1931)
 * May Wallace as various characters, usually one of the kids' mothers (1931–1937)
 * Harry Bernard as various characters (1931–1935)
 * James Mason as Dan, Grandma's son-in-law in Fly My Kite
 * Mae Busch as Dan's new wife in Fly My Kite (1931)
 * Johnnie Mae Beard as Stymie's mother in Big Ears and Free Wheeling (1931–1932)
 * Billy Gilbert as various characters, notably the sea captain in Shiver My Timbers and Spanky's father in Spanky (1931–1933)
 * Estelle Ettere as various characters, notably Dickie Moore's nurse in Free Wheeling
 * Lillian Rich as Dickie Moore's mother in Free Wheeling and Birthday Blues (1932)
 * James C. Morton as various characters, notably Mr. Morton in Mike Fright and the piano player in Beginner's Luck (1932–1935)
 * Emerson Treacy and Gay Seabrook as Spanky's parents in Bedtime Worries and Wild Poses (1933)
 * Billy Bletcher as various characters, notably Bill the golfer in Divot Diggers, the voice of the giant in Mama's Little Pirate, and Froggy's father (and the voice of his mother) in Robot Wrecks
 * William Wagner as various characters, notably Leonard Kibrick's father in For Pete's Sake! and The Lucky Corner (1934–1936)
 * Clarence Wilson as various grouchy characters, most notably Mr. Crutch in Shrimps for a Day. (1934–1941)
 * George and Olive Brasno (1934's Shrimps for a Day and 1936's Arbor Day)
 * Johnny Arthur as Spanky's father in Anniversary Trouble and Darla's father in Night 'n' Gales and Feed 'em and Weep
 * Claudia Dell as Spanky's mother in Mama's Little Pirate and Anniversary Trouble (1935)
 * Hattie McDaniel as Buckwheat's mother in Anniversary Trouble and Arbor Day (1935–1936)
 * Rosina Lawrence as Miss Lawrence, the schoolteacher (1936–1937)
 * Wilma Cox as various characters, usually as a mother to one of the kids (1937–1938)
 * William Newell and Barbara Bedford as Alfalfa's parents (1938–1940)
 * Louis Jean Heydt and Peggy Shannon as Mickey Gubitosi's parents in Dad for a Day and All About Hash (1939–1940)
 * Walter Wills as Froggy's Uncle Walt in (1941–1942)

Other notable adult actors

 * Will Rogers as himself/Jubilo in Jubilo Jr. (1924)
 * Charley Chase as various characters (1924–1931)
 * Oliver Hardy as various characters (1926–1933)
 * Stan Laurel as an Englishman in Seeing the World (1927) and a baby in Wild Poses (1933)
 * Stepin Fetchit as himself in A Tough Winter (1930)
 * Blanche Payson as Wheezer and Dorothy's step-mother in Dogs is Dogs (1931)
 * Tiny Lawrence and Major Mite as the "fidgets" in Free Eats (1932)
 * Hooper Atchley as Dickie Moore's father in Birthday Blues (1932)
 * John Lester Johnson as "Bumbo," the Wild Man in The Kid from Borneo (1933)
 * Franklin Pangborn as Otto Phocus the photographer in Wild Poses (1933)
 * Don Barclay as Barclay in Honky Donkey (1934)
 * Kitty Kelly as Spanky's mother in Beginner's Luck (1935)
 * Tom Dugan as the aggravated golfer in Divot Diggers (1936)
 * Thomas Pogue as Mr. Jackson in Divot Diggers (1936)
 * Zeffie Tilbury as the kids' adopted Grandma in Second Childhood (1936)
 * Marie Blake as Aunt Penelope in Alfalfa's Aunt (1939)
 * Gerard Marenghi (also known as Jerry Maren) as Light-Fingered Lester in "Tiny Troubles" (1939)
 * Paul Hurst as the bus conductor in Goin' Fishin' (1940)
 * Thurston Hall as Mr. Morton in Kiddie Kure (1940)
 * Christian Rub as Mr. Swenson, the janitor in Come Back, Miss Pipps (1941)
 * Stephen McNally as Bill Patterson in Rover's Big Chance (1942)

Directors
MGM
 * James W. Horne (When the Wind Blows)
 * Ray McCarey (Free Eats)
 * Robert A. McGowan (1926–1930) (Robert F.'s nephew, usually credited as "Anthony Mack")
 * Robert F. McGowan (1922–1933; Divot Diggers)
 * Gus Meins (1934–1936)
 * Fred Newmeyer (Our Gang, The Pinch Singer and Arbor Day, 1937 short Mail and Female, and General Spanky)
 * James Parrott (Washee Ironee)
 * Nate Watt (Three Men in a Tub and The Awful Tooth)
 * Gordon Douglas (1936–1938) and General Spanky
 * Sam Baerwitz (Calling All Kids)
 * Edward L. Cahn (1939–1942; Three Smart Guys)
 * Gordon Douglas (The Little Ranger, Aladdin's Lantern)
 * Cy Endfield (Radio Bugs, Dancing Romeo, Tale of a Dog)
 * Herbert Glazer (1942–1943)
 * George Sidney (1938–1939)

Cinematographers

 * Norbert Brodine
 * Francis Corby
 * Ernest "Hap" Depew
 * Harry Forbes
 * Harry W. Gerstad
 * F.E. Hershey
 * Milton Krasner
 * Art Lloyd
 * Walter Lundin
 * Kenneth Peach
 * Len Powers
 * Robert W. Pittack
 * Jackson Rose
 * Charles Salerno Jr.
 * Clyde De Vinna
 * Charles Schoenbaum
 * Paul C. Vogel

Film Editors

 * Robert Crandall
 * Richard Currier
 * T.J. Crizer
 * Bert Jordan
 * Louis McManus
 * Jack Ogilvie
 * Ray Snyder
 * William Terhune
 * William Ziegler
 * Ralph E. Goldstein
 * Leon Bourgeau
 * Albert Akst

Recording Engineers/Sound

 * Harry Baker
 * W.B. Delaplain
 * James Greene
 * Elmer Raguse
 * Oscar Lagerstrom
 * William Randall
 * Earl Sitar

Key writers

 * Frank Capra (mid-1920s)
 * Charley Chase (early 1920s)
 * Walter Lantz (mid-1920s)
 * Hal Law (wrote most of the MGM shorts)
 * Leo McCarey (early to mid-1920s)
 * Robert A. McGowan (wrote most of the MGM shorts)
 * Robert F. McGowan (1922–1933)
 * Hal Roach (1922–mid-1930s)
 * Frank Tashlin (mid-1930s)
 * H. M. Walker (1922–1932)

Musicians

 * Marvin Hatley
 * Leroy Shield
 * Max Terr

title: Our Gang personnel


text:
Adrian James Croce (album)

Adrian James Croce is the self-titled fifth album by American singer-songwriter A. J. Croce, released in 2004.

Track listing
All songs written by A. J. Croce, except where noted

 * 1) "Don't Let Me Down" (Croce, Steve Poltz) – 3:25
 * 2) "Baby Tonight" – 3:11
 * 3) "Call Me Dear" – 3:03
 * 4) "Lying on the Ground" (Croce) – 4:10
 * 5) "Too Soon" (Laurie Barth, Croce, Dave Howard) – 2:53
 * 6) "I Believe" (Croce, Poltz) – 3:35
 * 7) "Upside Down" (Croce, Howard) – 4:10
 * 8) "Cold" – 1:48
 * 9) "You're Not There" – 2:49
 * 10) "Alone and Together" – 3:02
 * 11) "Hung Up (On You)" – 3:12
 * 12) "What You Want" – 3:41
 * 13) "Almost Angeline" (Croce, Howard) – 2:58
 * 14) "How Long" – 4:44

Personnel

 * A. J. Croce – organ, acoustic guitar, guitar, piano, electric piano, vocals, background vocals
 * David Curtis – bass
 * Davey Faragher – bass
 * Dave Howard – background vocals
 * Nick Kirgo – electric guitar, slide guitar
 * Greg Leisz – mandolin
 * Phil Smith – background vocals

Production

 * String arrangements: A. J. Croce, Herman Jackson

title: Adrian James Croce (album)