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James B. A. Robertson

James Brooks Ayres Robertson (March 15, 1871 – March 7, 1938), sometimes called J. B. A. Robertson, was an American lawyer, judge and the fourth governor of Oklahoma. Robertson was appointed by the state's first governor, Charles N. Haskell, to serve as a district judge.

Passing a bar exam at the age of 21, Robertson became one of the most resourceful trial lawyers and legal counselors in the Oklahoma and Indian territories, before statehood. His gubernatorial term was marked by Oklahoma's ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment, for Prohibition, and the Nineteenth Amendment, for women's suffrage, to the United States Constitution, the Tulsa Race Massacre, and scandals. He also served as Grand Sire (now known as Sovereign Grand Master) of the Sovereign Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows from 1915 to 1916.

Robertson died in 1938 from cancer and is buried in Chandler, Oklahoma.

Early life
James Brooks Ayres Robertson the Third was born in Keokuk County, Iowa, on March 15, 1871, to a father of the same name from Pennsylvania and mother Clara Robertson (birth name unknown) from Ohio. His paternal grandfather had the same name. In the early 1850s, both of Robertson's parents moved to Iowa, where Robertson's father served as a volunteer soldier in the Union army during the American Civil War. Robertson's Iowa upbringing would instill in him firm progressive attitudes.

The fifth child born to a family of six sons and five daughters, Robertson was educated in the Iowa public school system. Robertson became a licensed teacher when he was 16. While teaching, he was privately studying law and the legal system, and he passed the Iowa bar exam in 1892 at the age of 21. The following year, Robertson moved to Chandler in Oklahoma Territory.

Chandler was newly established by European Americans via the Land Run on September 28, 1891, and the county seat of Lincoln County was developing. Seizing the opportunity, Robertson set up teaching and practicing law in the fledgling city. He won him the office of county attorney, the chief legal officer of the county. While in Chandler, Robertson met Olive Stubblefield, whom he married in 1898. They had two children: Olive Frances and a boy James Brooks Ayres Robertson IV (referred to as James Brooks Ayers Robertson Jr.), named after his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather.

Robertson became known as one of the most resourceful trial lawyers and legal counselors in the Oklahoma and Indian territories. In 1906, Robertson became a partner in Hoffman and Robertson, a law firm he practiced with for the next two years.

Political career
Oklahoma was admitted to the Union as a state in 1907. The first governor of Oklahoma, Charles N. Haskell, named Robertson to the District Court of the Tenth Judicial District of Oklahoma in 1908. The job required Robertson to move his family from Chandler to Oklahoma City, where he spent the rest of his years.

Before his appointment to the court, Robertson played an active role in the Oklahoma and national Democratic parties. He offered to help any Democratic candidate in any way he could. On a trip with Governor Haskell to Denver, Robertson represented the Oklahoma Democratic Party. Robertson zealously supported the Democratic nomination of William Jennings Bryan for the presidency.

Robertson continued to serve as a judge until Governor Charles Haskell, now his friend, chose not to seek re-election in 1910. Resigning his seat on the court to run for governor, Robertson ultimately withdrew from the Democratic primary to support Lee Cruce. The latter won the party's nomination and served as the second governor of Oklahoma.

In 1911, Robertson was appointed to the first Oklahoma Supreme Court Commission.

Not satisfied with returning to private life, Robertson ran for Congress. Reapportionment after the 1910 Federal Census had resulted in Oklahoma being granted three seats in the United States Congress. Robertson ran in the Democratic primary for his district's seat, but he failed to receive the party's nomination.

Robertson returned to private law practice in Oklahoma City. In 1914, Governor Cruce, like Haskell before him, decided against running for a second term. Robertson tried to get the Democratic nomination for governor, but Robert L. Williams, the popular former Chief Justice of Oklahoma, won it instead.

Robertson's beloved wife Olive died on June 1, 1914, leaving Robertson to raise their two children.

Gubernatorial campaign
Robertson's persistence in politics paid off. In 1918, seeking the Democratic gubernatorial nomination for the third consecutive time, Robertson defeated the colorful and popular William H. Murray.

The popularity of former Governor Charles N. Haskell had strengthened the already strong position of the Oklahoma Democratic Party in the state. In 1910 a new party had appeared in Oklahoma politics, the Socialist Party of America. For the first time in Oklahoma's history, the two major parties were joined by a third party in the contest for governor. Robertson faced Republican Horace G. McKeever, and Socialist Patrick S. Nagle A major factor in the election was the infamous Green Corn Rebellion of 1917, which the Socialist Party had helped cause. Many voters considered them unpatriotic. Robertson won in a landslide, and other state Democratic candidates won considerable majorities in both the Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate.

Governor of Oklahoma
Robertson was inaugurated on January 13, 1919, as Oklahoma's fourth governor. He was soon faced with two national issues: nationwide prohibition and women's suffrage.

Under Governor Haskell, Oklahoma had already adopted a firm policy against alcohol. Robertson worked to build on Haskell's policies, leading Oklahoma to overwhelmingly ratify the Eighteenth Amendment, which was added to the United States Constitution on January 16, 1919.

Written with progressivism in mind, Oklahoma's constitution enshrined the right to vote for all races and both women and men. But the state had passed amendments and laws that in practice disenfranchised most blacks by creating barriers to voter registration. Robertson called a special session of the white-dominated legislature that led to the state's ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. It became part of the national Constitution on August 18, 1920.

Among Robertson's accomplishments was the creation of the office of Oklahoma Commissioner of Pensions. He also established cooperative marketing agencies to serve the state's farmers, who suffered low prices due to agricultural overproduction continuing after World War I had driven up demand. Robertson also ushered a bill through the legislature providing for the addition of over 1300 mi of paved roads, more than had been paved in all three previous administrations.

Partly using his experience as a teacher, Robertson also focused on improving Oklahoma's school system. First, he worked to change how colleges operated in Oklahoma. Before his administration, colleges had been supervised by the State Board of Education under the State School Superintendent. Under Robertson, the governor's power over colleges increased with the creation of a Board of State Regents, its members appointed by the governor, to oversee all institutions of higher education. In his budgets, Robertson also funded improvements in teacher certification, higher standards for school performance and accreditation, consolidation of many rural schools, and institution of a subsidized textbook program. He proposed increased funding for schools with apparent inadequacies, but this measure was rejected by the legislature.

Robertson also had setbacks. His administration's work on Oklahoma's highways was a vast improvement to what the state had had, but it was not sufficient to catch up to the need. He failed to get voter support for the $50 million in necessary highway improvements. Although the Socialist Party was no longer a political threat, it advocated strikes. In 1919, telephone workers struck in Drumright, Oklahoma, and a massive strike of coal miners took place in eastern Oklahoma. Governor Robertson, in his position as Commander-in-Chief, declared martial law in these regions. The Bank Guaranty Program, which Governor Haskell had instituted, collapsed following Oklahoma's recession in 1920, resulting in the closure of many state banks.

Robertson's administration struggled with the economic effects of a downturn in the oil industry, and nationwide recession, and the poor economy added to racial tensions in the state. The postwar period was one of the worst in race relations in Oklahoma's history. To help confront this issue, Robertson created a commission on racial relations composed of both white and black members, but it did little to improve things.

In the early morning hours of June 1, 1921, a race riot broke out in Tulsa, where white mobs looted and burned most of Greenwood, the prosperous center of the African-American community in the city. During the 16 hours of rioting, an estimated 300 people were killed (mostly black Republicans), more than 800 people were admitted to local hospitals with injuries, thousands of blacks were left homeless, as 35 city blocks with 1,256 residences were destroyed by fire, and property damage totaled $1.8 million (nearly $17 million as of 2001 after adjustment for inflation). Robertson finally regained control in the city by declaring martial law and sending in the Oklahoma National Guard to police the area and end the chaos. The governor condemned actions by the city and Sheriff's Office and ordered a Grand Jury to investigate, but no one was prosecuted for the deaths, injuries, or damage. An estimated 3,000 blacks fled the city at the time. The riot affected Oklahoma for generations to come, promoting nativism, stimulating growth of the white supremacist Ku Klux Klan for the first time in Oklahoma, and suppressing blacks' hopes for their lives in the state.

To make matters worse politically, under Robertson's guard the Democrats lost control of the Oklahoma Legislature. Following the 1920 midterm elections, the Republicans gained control of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Also, the U.S. presidency shifted from Democrat Woodrow Wilson to Republican Warren G. Harding. Oklahoma lost its Democratic U.S. senator, Thomas Gore, who was replaced by John W. Harreld, the first Republican from Oklahoma to serve in the United States Senate. Robertson was left with a divided legislature. He was not successful in gaining passage for his proposed policies for the remaining two years of his term.

Scandals haunted Robertson's administration during the remainder of his term. Disputes between the Republican House and Democratic Senate resulted in the House's investigation of the executive branch, most notably Robertson himself. As in the case of Governor Lee Cruce before him, the House came within one vote of impeaching Robertson.

In 1921 the House adjourned without voting on appropriation bills. This forced Robertson to operate the government on deficit spending until he called a special session of the legislature to resolve the issue. Robertson also faced considerable opposition from the Republican Corporation Commissioner Campbell Russell, who exposed what the Republicans believed to be a scandal in Robertson's handling of pardons and paroles.

With the inauguration of John C. Walton as the fifth governor, Robertson left office on January 8, 1923.

Later life, arrest, and death
As a private citizen, Robertson resumed practicing law. Following his departure from office, Robertson, along with some 30 current and former state officials, was charged with bribery in a bank scandal. On the evening of March 22, 1922, Robertson submitted to his arrest in Okmulgee County. Earlier that day a grand jury which investigated the failure of state banks in Okmulgee County, named Robertson and Fred G. Dennis, former state banking commissioner, in an indictment. He was acquitted, but the episode hurt his political career. He ran for governor again, for Oklahoma Supreme Court justice, and for U.S. senator, but he never held another political office, appointed or elected.

Robertson died of cancer on March 7, 1938, in Oklahoma City. He was buried in his adoptive hometown of Chandler in Oak Park Cemetery.

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title: James B. A. Robertson


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Talk:The Menagerie (Star Trek: The Original Series)

Untitled
"Commodore" is misspelled under "Guest Actors" list.

How, exactly did the Enterprise returning to Starfleet lead to the events in ST:TMP? The Menagerie wasn't the final episode of the original series, and I can't think of anything in the V'ger plot that relates to the Talosians. Please explain. Otherwise, I'll remove that reference. MrItty 19:42, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Although "The Menagerie" was not the final episode, timeline-wise, it takes place just before the Enterprise returns to Starfleet for re-fitting (for ST: TMP). All the events in the first season take place after the events in season two and three.

 * Where on earth did you ever hear such nonsense? MrItty 20:36, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Personal log, stardate 041204.6...it is not nonsense if you look at things. Stardate out.

 * You've failed to show any evidence of any kind to support this theory that TOS episodes were not shown in chronological order. I'm removing the reference.  MrItty 12:54, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Fleet Captain
Shouldn't Chris Pike's rank be 'Fleet Captain'? That's his rank in this episode. GoodDay 20:07, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

He's alternatingly referred to as "Captain" and "Fleet Captain" throughout the two-parter. It's not unlike how, in TNG, Geordi was referred to as simply "Lieutenant" when he was still Lieutenant junior grade, and later "Commander" when he was a Lieutenant Commander (as was Data). - Pennyforth 20:24, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Still though, would it be alright to add 'Fleet Captain' to the picture, plus add a wiki-link? Example: Fleet Captain Pike. GoodDay 20:44, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

I've decided to add 'Fleet Captain' in the picture. GoodDay 22:10, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Green Orion slave girl
The Orion slave girl is referred to (in The Menagerie (Star Trek)) as being green. However, judging from the movie I watched on my computer monitor (I unfortunately never had the benefit of watching this series on TV), the skin of the woman is anything but green -- actually some shade of very dark gray. Am I color-blind, or is the file on my hard disk faulty, or what? -- Nahum (talk) 13:01, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Adjust your monitor. She is green in the VHS and DVD copies that I have, and in all the color stills I have seen. — Walloon (talk) 15:38, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

This sequence of "The Cage" (reused in "The Menagerie" was clearly inspired by a scene in the 1963 feature film "Jason and the Argonauts" where Nancy Kovack portrayed Medea, all painted gold, dancing in the temple of Hecate. Jason's eventual recognition of Medea (in gold paint) is mirrored in Pike's eventual recognition of Vina (now all green).  Even the musical scores bear some resemblance in those scenes.  Have a look, and make a note of it in the article, if you will, Wiki editors.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.246.125.126 (talk) 18:44, 16 October 2013 (UTC)

 * "Clearly" is an opinion; we have no way of knowing one hundred percent if that is a fact. Sorry.  We can probably say that it resembles that scene, but I see no point in doing so.  Lots of scenes from lots of films/television shows bear a resemblance. Sir Rhosis (talk) 22:02, 16 October 2013 (UTC)

Running time of first part?
The running time of the first part of "The Menagerie" is about a minute shorter (49:20 on the non-remastered first season yellow plastic box DVD release, including the Desilu 1978 / Paramount extra credits at the very end) than all the other ST:TOS first season episodes (all of which are roughly 50:20 to 50:30). Did this Episode, as originally broadcast, end with a preview of the second part? Or is there any other explanation for the shorter length? Please add this info if you know. -- 77.7.162.246 (talk) 20:44, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Spock's limp
I was wondering if anybody knew why Leonard Nimoy's character, Spock, was limping before seeing the "Musical Lilies", as I call them, on Talos IV. 134.228.242.64 (talk) 01:58, 25 February 2022 (UTC)

Would it be worth adding a "continuity" section?
Given that this episode ties into events in Season 2 of Star Trek: Discovery and Season 1 of Star Trek: Strange New Worlds?

A "continuity" section is fairly common practice in the Doctor Who episode articles, for example. 64.229.94.57 (talk) 19:57, 18 August 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Edinburgh University Students' Association

Edinburgh University Students' Association (EUSA) is the students' union at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. The Association's aim is the advancement of education of Edinburgh students by representing and supporting them, and by promoting their interests, health and welfare within the community. It is led by a team of five elected student sabbatical officers.

Due to the evolution of student unionism at Edinburgh, student sports are not part of the main university union, and are overseen by a separate organisation, Edinburgh University Sports Union (EUSU), which has its own representative and organisational structure. EUSU works closely with the university's Centre for Sport and Exercise.

1884–1972: Establishment
An Edinburgh students' representative council (SRC) was founded in 1884 by student Robert Fitzroy Bell, bringing together students from the university's clubs & societies. Shortly afterwards, the SRC voted to establish a union (the Edinburgh University Union (EUU)), to provide social space and recreational facilities for students. The SRC established a campaign of public fundraising, with prominent figures in the city and the general public donating £5,000, and a fancy fair held at the Waverly Market raised £10,000. The Town Council and Senatus Academicus donated £100 and £500 respectively to the cause. This £15,600 (£2,000,000 in 2019 money) was used to hire an architect, Sydney Mitchell, and begin construction of the Union building adjacent to the Medical School and the Reid Concert Hall. Teviot Row House was officially opened on 19 October 1889, and is the oldest purpose-built student union in the world. EUU was constituted as an autonomous organisation, and did not admit women until 1971.

The Edinburgh University Women's Union was founded in October 1905, later moving to premises at 16 Chambers Street and renaming itself to the Chambers Street Union in 1964. The King's Buildings Union was established in 1931 in huts formerly used by the Geology department, before moving into a custom building in 1939.

1970–2000: Merger
On 1 July 1973 the SRC, the EUU and the Chambers Street Union merged to form Edinburgh University Students' Association. Due to reference in the Universities (Scotland) Act 1889, the SRC could not be dissolved at the time of merger. Through the SRC, EUSA is the oldest students' union in the UK. In 1994 the university forced the merger of the King's Buildings Union and EUSA, although the members of KB Union voted against the proposed merger.

Due to the university merging with other organisations, since 1994, EUSA has merged with the Moray House Institute of Education Union and the Edinburgh College of Art Union.

In 1976 EUSA disaffiliated from the National Union of Students (NUS), a decision that was reversed in 2004. In 2005 EUSA formally twinned with Birzeit University Student Council, West Bank, with each union hosting delegations from the other.

2000–present
Following a student consultation process and a referendum in February 2012 a new constitution was established in 2011 and amended in 2013. This took full effect in 2014, incorporating the Association as a charitable company limited by guarantee. This constitution also had the effect of changing some democratic processes, including establishing the board of trustees in its current form.

In 2016 EUSA became the first students union in the UK to affiliate to Students for Cooperation as an affiliated supporter in order to promote and support student-led cooperatives. EUSA submitted a proposal to NUS Scotland for affiliation with Students for Cooperation, which was accepted.

Also in 2016, EUSA sabbatical officers and management submitted a referendum to the student membership over whether to change the Association's name to "University of Edinburgh Students' Union", alongside a number of internal administrative changes. The name change was rejected by 69.9% of students. EUSA then embarked on a major rebranding programme, changing the logo and encouraging the organisation to be referred to as "the Association", or "your Students' Association" instead of "EUSA".

Controversy
EUSA was criticised in 2013 after acting using the Court of Session to "censor" The Student as it "was due to publish details of the suspension of Max Crema, vice-president of services at the union". President James McAsh defended the action, claiming it was taken "to protect the rights of our employees".

In 2013, EUSA made the decision to ban the playing of "Blurred Lines" by Robin Thicke in its venues, attracting some attention in national media. The song was deemed to promote "an unhealthy attitude towards sex and consent", and for being in breach of EUSA's 'End Rape Culture and Lad Banter on Campus' policy, designed to tackle 'myths and stereotypes around sexual violence' and stop the sexual objectification of female students.

In 2014, EUSA was threatened with legal proceedings by the National Secretary of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), Charlie Kimber, following a motion put forward banning the SWP from the Edinburgh campus due to the 'Comrade Delta' rape scandal. EUSA eventually withdrew the motion. This also resulted in the editors of The Student newspaper, an EUSA society, manually ripping pages out of their own newspapers to avoid personal legal liability, as the story about the motion had already been printed before it was withdrawn.

Activities
EUSA's activities include representing and campaigning on behalf of students, the administration of societies, running a network of bars and other venues, organising volunteering opportunities and providing numerous welfare and advice services. EUSA also directly organises regular events such as Freshers' Week, club nights, pub quizzes, band nights, various comedy events, and the Graduation Ball.

Campaigning
Since 2010, EUSA has supported campaigns for same-sex marriage, against tuition fee rises and education cuts, and for better private tenancy rights; EUSA also lobbies the university on internal issues, such as on-campus child care. It has also had a significant role in the overhaul of the university's student support structure, and in making Edinburgh Scotland's first Fairtrade University in 2004. In 2007, following several years of pressure from EUSA, the University Senate revoked Robert Mugabe's honorary degree that had been awarded in 1984 "for services to education in Africa".

Societies
EUSA supports and oversees over 280 affiliated societies. There are societies for most academic disciplines, political parties, nationalities and minority groups.

Student theatre at Edinburgh is particularly active. The Edinburgh University Theatre Company (EUTC) was founded in 1896 as the Edinburgh University Drama Society, and since the early 1980s has run Bedlam Theatre, the oldest student-run theatre in Britain, and The Improverts, the city's longest-running improvised comedy troupe. Edinburgh University Footlights and Edinburgh University Savoy Opera Group (EUSOG) are musical theatre societies, the latter having an emphasis towards the Savoy operas of Gilbert and Sullivan. Theatre Paradok are dedicated to experimental theatre.

Music is a large part of EUSA's output. The Edinburgh University Music Society founded in 1867 is the second oldest music society in the United Kingdom. With a Symphonic Chorus of up to 200 members, a full size Symphony Orchestra and Sinfonia, EUMS performs up to seven concerts a year in the university. The university is also home to the Edinburgh University Renaissance Singers conducted by University Lecturer Dr Paul Newton-Jackson.

Media-themed societies include The Student (Edinburgh's own student newspaper), Fresh Air (a student radio station, online-only since 2008), the Edinburgh Movie Production Society (EMPS), the Edinburgh Film Society and most recently EUTV, Edinburgh University Television Station.

Charitable and campaigning societies are numerous, including Edinburgh Global Partnerships and the Edinburgh branches of the Nightline support hotline and People & Planet charitable network.

LGBT+ Pride is represented by five EUSA groups: LGBT+ Medics, LGBTQ+ Campaign, LGBTQ+ Law Society, LGBTQ+ Peer Mentoring, and PrideSoc.

Buildings, venues and outlets
EUSA operates 13 bars, 7 catering outlets, 5 shops, a catering company (Honours Catering) and numerous other services located across various sites. Most of these buildings are operated as Edinburgh Fringe venues during August.
 * Teviot Row House is the largest EUSA building and the oldest purpose built student union building in the world. Located on Bristo Square, Teviot contains six bars (The Library Bar, The Sports Bar, The New Amphion, The Lounge Bar (informally known as The Jazz Bar), Teviot Underground and The Loft Bar), a small nightclub (Teviot Underground) and a variety of meeting rooms and halls. Following a fire at Gilded Balloon's Grassmarket venue, Teviot is now their primary base during the Fringe.
 * The Pleasance provides EUSA societies with meeting space during semesters. It also has two bars and a theatre with an approximate capacity of 300. It is located next to the university's Centre for Sport and Exercise. During the Fringe, The Pleasance is run by the Pleasance Theatre Trust Ltd as the "Pleasance Courtyard".
 * Potterrow, is also located on Bristo Square. With its distinctive dome, this building includes two shops, two cafes, a 1200 capacity nightclub, the Activities Office, a student support centre (The Advice Place) and EUSA's main administrative offices. Potterrow is also run by the Pleasance Theatre Trust during the Fringe, along with many other Fringe venues, and is branded as the "Pleasance Dome".
 * King's Buildings is the home of most of the College of Science and Engineering, located in the south of the city. King's Buildings House includes a bar and food outlet, a small gym, a branch of the Advice Place and a small shop. The Magnet Cafe is located in the James Clerk Maxwell Building, and there is another shop on the ground floor of the KB Centre.
 * Pollock Shop is a late opening shop in Pollock Halls.
 * The Peffermill Clubhouse is a bar located at the university playing fields at Peffermill.

Structure
EUSA is a democratic membership organisation, a charitable body and a company limited by guarantee, ultimately overseen by a Board of Trustees.

All Edinburgh University students automatically become members of EUSA upon matriculation, though they retain the ability to opt out as per the Education Act 1994.

The Association's day-to-day student leadership is provided by a team of five full-time elected students, the Sabbatical Officers, currently:
 * President – responsible for the overall functioning and external politics of the association;
 * Vice President Activities and Services (VPAS) – responsible for activities in relation to student societies and representation to the university and Students' Association on non-academic service provision;
 * Vice President Community (VPC) – responsible for lobbying the university for affordable transport and housing, as well as campaigning on sustainability and community engagement
 * Vice President Education (VPE) – responsible for representing students to the university and beyond on HE and academic matters
 * Vice President Welfare (VPW) – responsible for representing students to the university and beyond on student welfare

Democracy is primarily provided through an open Student Council, which holds elected Officers to account, and creates policy. The Student Council meets in Teviot Row House on the last Thursday in each month during term-time.

Elections are held twice a year, the Spring election and the Postgraduate election in Autumn. The Sabbatical Officers, School Representatives, Section Representatives, Activities Representatives and Liberation Officers are elected in the Spring Elections in an online ballot. Postgraduate positions and any positions not filled in the Spring election are elected in the Postgraduate elections, also held via an online ballot and open to all members of the Association.

These elected representatives form a number of bodies that work throughout the year. The Activities Executive makes decisions relating specifically to student societies, composed of the Vice President (Activities & Services) and activities representatives elected to represent a specific society category. There are a series of open liberation groups (Black Minority and Ethnic, Disabled Students, LGBT, and Women) and student section groups (International, Mature, Carers, Parents, Postgraduate Taught, Postgraduate Research, and Part-Time).

Elected representatives also sit on all major University bodies and subcommittees. Complementing these structures are autonomous school councils and a class representation system providing local, democratic spaces for organising. This organisational structure was designed to help foster a system of participatory democracy throughout the university.

EUSA's financial, legal and employment matters are the responsibility of the Chief Executive and a senior management team, who report to and are held accountable by a Board of Trustees, which currently consists of: Each Trustee may serve a maximum of two terms. Sabbatical officers must be re-elected to office, and Elected or Student Trustees may serve a second term with approval of the board of trustees.
 * The five Sabbatical officers
 * Four student trustees, appointed by the sabbatical trustees for two years.
 * Three external trustees, appointed by the student trustees for no more than three years.

EUSA has a fully owned subsidiary company, EUSACO, incorporating any activity which is outside EUSA's charitable remit, such as the Edinburgh Fringe and external catering activities. Responsibility for EUSA's commercial services is delegated by the board of trustees to the Strategic Development Subcommittee.

Notable people
This is an incomplete list of notable former office bearers, staff and others with EUSA and its predecessor unions.
 * Gordon Aikman – Motor Neurone Disease campaigner and former Director of Research at Better Together, EUSA Vice President Societies & Activities (2007–08).
 * Robert Fitzroy Bell – Publisher and advocate, founder of the SRC and SRC President (1884)
 * Andrew Brown – Broadcaster and brother of Gordon Brown, EUSA Senior President (1975–76).
 * Gordon Brown – EUSA member 1972-75. Elected Rector of the University of Edinburgh in 1972 while still a student, serving until 1975.
 * Donald Brydon CBE – Chairman of Royal Mail and Medical Research Council, EUU President (1967–68).
 * Robert Cochrane Buist – Obstetrician and gynaecologist, SRC President
 * Maggie Chapman MSP – Scottish Green Party politician, EUSA Postgraduate Convener.
 * Susan Deacon – Former Labour MSP for Edinburgh East & Musselburgh, EUSA Vice President.
 * Kezia Dugdale MSP – Labour MSP for Lothian region, EUSA campaigns adviser.
 * George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock PC – Former Labour MP and MSP, SRC Senior President (1963–64).
 * Edward Lindsay Ince FRSE – Mathematician, SRC Senior President.
 * Eleanor Laing MP – Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons, Conservative MP for Epping Forest, EUSA Union President (1980–1).
 * Malcolm Macleod – Neurologist, former Rector of the University of Edinburgh, EUSA President (1988–89).
 * Peter McColl – Former Rector of the University of Edinburgh and political activist, EUSA Vice President (2001–02).
 * Sheila McKechnie – Chairman of the Consumer's Association and Shelter, SRC Junior President (1968–69)
 * Sir David Orme Masson KBE FRS – Chemist, helped found SRC.
 * David Steel, Baron Steel of Aikwood KT KBE PC – Former MP, MSP and Leader of the Liberal Party, SRC Senior President.
 * Sir Frederick Whyte KCSI – British civil servant, Liberal Party MP, first President of the Central Legislative Assembly of British India, EUU President (1903–04).


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Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show

Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show (shortened to Dr. Hook in 1975) is an American rock band, formed in Union City, New Jersey. The band had commercial success in the 1970s with hit singles "Sylvia's Mother", "The Cover of 'Rolling Stone'" (both 1972), "Only Sixteen" (1975), "A Little Bit More" (1976), "Sharing the Night Together" (1978), "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman" (1979) and "Better Love Next Time" (1979). In addition to its own material, Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show performed songs written by the poet Shel Silverstein.

The band had eight years of hits in the United States. Its music, spanning acoustic ballads, and soft rock, was played on Top 40, easy listening, and country music outlets throughout the English-speaking world.

After 1975, the band recorded under the name Dr. Hook.

Founding of the band
The founding core of the band consisted of George Cummings, Ray Sawyer, and Billy Francis, who had worked together in a band called the Chocolate Papers. Cummings, Sawyer and Francis started a new band and included primary vocalist Dennis Locorriere, who initially joined as a bass player.

The new band was named Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show: Tonic for the Soul. The name was inspired by Sawyer's eyepatch and a reference to Captain Hook of the Peter Pan fairy tale. Sawyer lost his right eye in a near-fatal car crash in Oregon in 1967 and, after that, wore an eyepatch, leading some people to believe that he was Dr Hook; when asked by fans which band member was Dr Hook, they would all point to the bus driver.

Career: 1968-1971
The band played in New Jersey, first with drummer Popeye Phillips, who had also been in the Chocolate Papers. Phillips left the band to become a session musician, contributing to the first album by the Flying Burrito Brothers. Drummer Joseph Olivier replaced him. When the band began recording its first album, Olivier was replaced by session player Jay David, who became a band member in 1968.

In 1970, the band's demo tapes were heard by Ron Haffkine, musical director on Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me?. Haffkine asked the band to record two songs for the film, including "The Last Morning" and "Bunky and Lucille", which the band can be seen performing in the movie. The film helped Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show secure their first recording contract.

The group met with Clive Davis of CBS Records. David used a wastebasket in the meeting to keep the beat, and Francis danced on the mogul's desk while Sawyer, Locorriere, and Cummings played and sang. With the CBS Records deal, the band experienced international success over the next 12 years with Haffkine as the group's manager and producer.

Career: 1972
Haffkine, having a knack for picking songs, quickly became Dr. Hook's No. 1 A&R man and their producer and manager. Acclaimed poet Shel Silverstein wrote all the songs for their self-titled debut album, released in 1972. Doctor Hook featured lead vocals, guitar, bass, and harmonica by Locorriere, guitarist Cummings, and singer Sawyer, plus drummer David and keyboard player Billy Francis. The album sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA on August 2, 1972. It has been released 20 times in the US, Canada, and Europe. The single "Sylvia's Mother", a subtle parody of teen-heartbreak weepers, flopped on first release, but with some more promotional muscle, became the band's first million-seller and hit the top five in the summer of 1972.

Silverstein continued to write songs for Dr. Hook, including their entire second album, Sloppy Seconds, released in the US, Australia, Europe, and Canada. It featured some of their most famous songs, including "Freakin' at the Freaker's Ball" and "The Cover of 'Rolling Stone'". The album was listed in the Billboard 200 in 1973.

The band's second single, "The Cover of 'Rolling Stone'" (1972), was another million-selling disc, poking fun at the idea that a musician had "made it" if they had been pictured on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine. Haffkine visited Jann Wenner, one of the founders of Rolling Stone, proclaiming, "I've just given you guys the best commercial for this rag that you'll ever get." Wenner then sent Cameron Crowe (who later wrote and directed Almost Famous about his time as a music journalist), then 16 years old, to interview the band for issue 131 (March 1973). Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show appeared on the cover, albeit in caricature rather than in a photograph. In the United Kingdom, the BBC Radio network refused to play "The Cover of 'Rolling Stone'", because it considered doing so would be advertising a trademark name. CBS Records responded by setting up a phone line to play the song to anyone willing to dial in, which helped build the buzz. The BBC found itself able to play the song only after some of its DJs edited themselves shouting the words "Radio Times" (a BBC-owned magazine) over "Rolling Stone".

In 1972, the band added a full-time bassist, Jance Garfat, and another guitarist, Rik Elswit.

Career: 1973-1974
The group had difficulty meeting the high expectations created by Sloppy Seconds, and the result was Belly Up!, which Huey noted: "was unfortunately prophetic". The album was sold in the US, UK, Europe, and Canada. Dr. Hook was just as famed for their crazed stage antics, ranging from surreal banter to impersonating their opening acts; the group's disregard for business matters led to bankruptcy. "If we were in the black when we finished a tour, we'd party into the red," says Locorriere. They were forced to file bankruptcy in 1974, although they continued to tour incessantly.

The Medicine Show's lineup changed a few more times over the years. When David left the group in 1973, he was replaced by John Wolters. The next to depart was founding band member Cummings, who left in 1975 due to personal and musical differences. The band did not replace him. When Elswit was diagnosed with cancer a couple of years later, the band added Bob "Willard" Henke (formerly of Goose Creek Symphony). Elswit recovered and returned to the lineup, but they kept Henke on for a while.

In 1974, Dr. Hook recorded an album that was to be titled Fried Face; it was not released.

Career: 1975-1985
The band shortened its name to Dr. Hook in 1975. They signed with Capitol Records in 1975, releasing the aptly titled Bankrupt. Unlike previous projects, this album included original material written by the group. The hit from the project was a reworked version of Sam Cooke's "Only Sixteen" (US number 6), revitalizing their career and charted in the top ten in 1976. Haffkine discovered a song titled "A Little Bit More" written and originally performed by Bobby Gosh and released on his 1973 album Sitting in the Quiet, on a record he purchased for 35 cents at a flea market in San Francisco. The band recorded and released the song, which reached number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and spent two weeks at number nine on the Cash Box Top 100. It also reached number two on the UK Singles Chart, matching "Sylvia's Mother".

The band followed Bankrupt with 1976's A Little Bit More, which was certified double gold in Australia in November 1976. It was quickly followed in turn by the 1977 album Making Love And Music, which featured "Sharing the Night Together" (US number 6), "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman" (US number 6), and "Sexy Eyes" (US number 5). Save for "A Little Bit More" (US number 11), these singles were certified million-sellers. "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman" reached number 1 for several weeks in 1979 in the UK, and the group had another UK hit single with "Better Love Next Time" (number 12). Though the band toured constantly, they had yet to manage to turn their success with singles into album sales.

Pleasure & Pain (1978) was Dr. Hook's first gold album in the US. The band changed labels again to Casablanca Records in 1980, but could not replicate earlier successes. In late 1980, Dr. Hook released "Girls Can Get It" (US number 34) and had their final top 40 hit (which peaked in the US at number 25) with "Baby Makes Her Blue-Jeans Talk" in 1982.

Ray Sawyer left in 1983 to pursue a solo career, while the band continued to tour for another couple of years, ending with Dr. Hook's One and Only Farewell Tour in 1985, with Locorriere as the sole frontman.

After Dr. Hook: 1985 to present
After Dr. Hook split up, Dennis Locorriere retained ownership of the band's name. However, from 1988 to 2015, Sawyer was granted a license to tour separately as "Ray Sawyer of Dr. Hook" or "Dr. Hook featuring Ray Sawyer" (joined for a time in 2001 by Billy Francis); Sawyer did not perform publicly after his last tour ended in October 2015 and died on December 31, 2018, at the age of 81.

Billy Francis joined Sawyer in 2001 during his Dr. Hook concerts. He died on May 23, 2010, at age 68.

After the original band split, Dennis Locorriere released several solo albums and toured under the names Voice of Dr. Hook and Dennis Locorriere Celebrates Dr. Hook Hits and History Tour. Now fronting the band Dr Hook starring Dennis Locorriere, he started the Dr Hook 50th Anniversary World Tour in 2019, but this was postponed due to Locorriere undergoing a prostate procedure resulting in kidney problems. The band resumed their 50th Anniversary Tour on September 3, 2021, with a show at Manchester's Bridgewater Hall and with performances scheduled for Scandinavia, the UK, and Ireland in 2022. Currently Locorriere's version of Dr Hook is made up of John Maher, Michelle Cordelli, Damien Cooper, Tim Bye, Jon Poole, and Ryan Farmery.

Former guitarist and keyboardist Bob 'Willard' Henke died on February 2, 2023, at the age of 71.

Members

 * Dennis Locorriere – vocals, guitar, bass, harmonica (1968–1985, 2019–present)
 * Ray Sawyer – vocals, guitar, percussion, congas, maracas (1967–1983, 1988–2015, died 2018)
 * Billy Francis – keyboards, vocals (1968–1985, 2001–2010; died 2010)
 * George Cummings – lead and steel guitars, vocals (1968–1975)
 * John "Jay" David – drums (1968–1973)
 * Rik Elswit – guitar (1972–1985)
 * Jance Garfat – bass (1972–1985; died 2006)
 * John Wolters – drums (1973–1982, 1983–1985; died 1997)
 * Bob 'Willard' Henke – guitar, keyboards (1976–1980; died 2023)
 * Rod Smarr – guitar (1980–1985; died 2012)
 * Walter Hartman – drums (1982–1983)
 * Leonard Wolfe – keyboards (1983–1985)
 * Joseph Olivier – drums (1968)

Studio and live albums
(from the 1975 album Bankrupt onwards, the band name was shortened to Dr. Hook)

Singles

 * Notes

title: Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show


text:
User:Arnold S. Truman

Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page or how to format them visit our manual of style. Experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump.

title: User:Arnold S. Truman


text:
Ocala, Silver Springs and Park Street Railroad

The Ocala, Silver Springs and Park Street Railroad Company was incorporated by Florida state law chapter 3805 which was approved June 7, 1887. It was incorporated "to construct or operate a line of railway or railroad from the city of Ocala, in Marion county, to Silver Springs, in said county, and from Silver Springs to Silver Springs Park, in the said county, and through the streets of Silver Springs and Silver Springs Park under such restrictions as may be made by law, and said company shall have the right to operate said lines of road with steam or horse-power, as may be most convenient".

It was owned by C. M. Brown, John F. Dunn, Frederick R. Freeman, Daniel A. Miller, F. Brigham Bishop, Hugh E. Miller, George H. McMaster and Edwin Spencer.


text:
Merry Cemetery

The Merry Cemetery (Cimitirul Vesel ) is a cemetery in the village of Săpânța, Maramureș County, Romania. It is famous for its brightly coloured tombstones with naïve paintings describing, in an original and poetic manner, the people who are buried there in addition to scenes from their lives. The Merry Cemetery became an open-air museum and a national tourist attraction. It has been listed as one of the Seven Wonders of Romania by Imperator Travel.

The unusual feature of this cemetery is that it diverges from the prevalent belief, culturally shared within European societies, that views death as something indelibly solemn.

A collection of the epitaphs from the Merry Cemetery exists in a 2017 volume called Crucile de la Săpânța, compiled by author Roxana Mihalcea, as well as in a photography book titled The Merry Cemetery of Sapanta by Peter Kayafas.

The founder
The cemetery's origins are linked with the name of Stan Ioan Pătraș, a local artist who sculpted the first tombstone crosses. In 1935, Pătraș carved the first epitaph and, as of the 1960s, more than 800 of such oak wood crosses came into sight. The inscription on his tombstone cross says:

Humorous epitaphs
The cemetery is noted for featuring a large number of humorous epitaphs that generally poke fun at the interred person in a light-hearted way or reference a general trope about family relations. The following is an example of an epitaph wrote by a man in honour of his mother-in-law:

title: Merry Cemetery


text: Category:Maramures

title: Category:Maramures


text:
Jockey Club Gold Cup

The Jockey Club Gold Cup, established in 1919, is a thoroughbred flat race open to horses of either gender three-years-old and up. It has traditionally been the main event of the fall meeting at Belmont Park, just as the Belmont Stakes is of the spring meeting and the Travers Stakes is of the summer meeting at Saratoga. The past winners of the Gold Cup are a veritable who's who of award-winning Hall of Fame horses, including Easy Goer, Man o' War, Cigar, Skip Away, Curlin, Slew o' Gold, John Henry, Affirmed, Forego, Shuvee, Damascus, Buckpasser, Kelso, Sword Dancer, Nashua, Citation, Whirlaway and War Admiral. Despite the current $1,250,000 purse and Grade 1 status, the stature of the race has suffered somewhat in recent years thanks to the emergence of the Breeders' Cup Classic held not long afterward, as well as a change in distance to $1 1/4$ miles in 1990, reducing its distinctiveness.

Part of the Breeders' Cup Challenge series, the winner of the Jockey Club Gold Cup automatically qualifies for the Breeders' Cup Classic.

Before it was known as the Jockey Club Gold Cup, it began as the Jockey Club Stakes. This was its name when Man o' War won it against the only horse willing to race him. Damask, owned by Harry Payne Whitney, was entered as a sporting gesture and to keep Man o' War from having to run alone in a "walkover." Damask finished 15 lengths behind with Man o' War held under strong restraint in order not to humiliate his rival. Even so, Man o' War broke the American record for a mile and a half.

Ten horses have won the race twice (including Hall of Fame horses Curlin, Skip Away, Slew o' Gold, Nashua and Triple Tiara winner, Shuvee). Only one horse in history has won the Cup five times, and that was the great gelding Kelso. In the 1978 running, Exceller defeated the previous year's Triple Crown winner, Seattle Slew, by a nose in a memorable stretch duel, with the 1978 Triple Crown winner, Affirmed, finishing fifth after his saddle slipped. Sportswriter Bill Nack wrote, "Exceller won by the snip of his chocolate nose. ... That battling final furlong remains Seattle Slew's most enduring legacy as a racehorse."

From 1976 to 1989, the Jockey Club Gold Cup was run at $1 1/4$ miles, but from 1921 through 1975 it was 2 mi long, second in distance only to the less prestigious, $1 1/2$-mile Display Handicap. From 1958 through 1974, except for 1962 and 1968, the race was held at Aqueduct Racetrack instead of Belmont.

In 2021 the Jockey Club Gold Cup was moved to Saratoga Race Course for the first time in its history. The $1 million race is run on closing weekend and took the place of the Woodward Stakes, which was relocated to Belmont Park after being run in Saratoga for 15 years. NYRA management said that the Jockey Club Gold Cup - run at the same distance as the Breeders' Cup Classic - was better positioned on the racing calendar with an eight week gap between the two races.

Records
Time record: (at current $2 1/4$ miles)
 * 1:58.89 – Skip Away (1997)

Most wins:
 * 5 – Kelso (1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964)

Most wins by an owner:
 * 5 – Glen Riddle Farm (1919, 1920, 1925, 1926, 1938)
 * 5 – Bohemia Stable (1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964)

Most wins by a jockey:
 * 11 – Eddie Arcaro (1935, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1960, 1961)

Most wins by a trainer:
 * 6 – Jim Fitzsimmons (1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1955, 1956)

Winners
1In 2019, Vino Rosso finished first but was disqualified and placed second.

2In 1927, Brown Bud finished first but was disqualified.

3Only two horses started in 1920.

title: Jockey Club Gold Cup


text:
Talk:Deseret (Book of Mormon)

Old discussion
From the article:

"A prominent example is the Deseret Morning News, Utah's second-largest daily newspaper. An anachronistic name, the newspaper was established when the area was called Deseret Territory."

Isn't it more accurate to call it an archaiac name? It made sense when originally adopted but now no longer applies. It would have been anachronistic if it had been called the Utah Morning News when the area was called Deseret. Lisiate 19:49, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I suppose you're right that "archaic" is more specific, but it has the connotation of being obsolete which doesn't quite apply, I think. Either way, I would not be opposed so long as it's clear that the News traces its name back to Deseret Territory while things like Deseret Book don't exactly. Cool Hand Luke  20:01, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Deseret vs the State of Deseret
I made an edit that may have to be revisited. When the LDS settled in Utah, it was not yet a part of the US. They, in a relatively short time, carved out a large area they called Deseret. The original idea was to claim this as a seperate country. However, when much of the territory was ceded to the US from Spain, they decided to apply for territorial/state status. The original proposal was much larger than Utah, but was wittled down over time, until the state was finally admitted with its present boundaries. I don't have much on hand to document, via dates and boundaries, but will work on it. As it is, I think my edit made it more confusing. I will copy to my work page and then revert back until later. Comments welcome. WBardwin 05:50, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Sentence fragment
There is a sentence fragment on the page: "Though later it was discovered to mean "Top of the Mountains." Jim 17:13, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Honeybee not native
You made an error when you stated, "A historical problem then arises, considering that the honey bee is not native to the Americas." The Jaredites were also not native to the Americas and brought the honeybee with them. You can read this from the Book of Mormon in Ether 2:3 "And they did also carry with them deseret, which, by interpretation, is a honey bee; and thus they did carry with them swarms of bees, and all manner of that which was upon the face of the land, seeds of every kind." Joe 16:25, 3 July 2006

Now that is hilarious. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.72.175.0 (talk • contribs) 19 July 2006

Unsourced statements and obscure references
I've added reference sources for most of the info on this page. There is one statement that might be true, but I can't find any support for it: "The name 'Deseret' was rejected because of its religious significance and its resemblance to the English word 'desert.'"  I have heard this before, but it doesn't seem to be documented anywhere – if you know of a source, add it back to the article. I've also removed references to Deseret Forwarding International – although this is a real company, I don't think it is significant enough to merit mention in an encyclopedia. Jaksmata 01:50, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

Merge
An editor recently contributed Nation of Deseret, which looks like a school report. It's referenced and more in-depth than this article, although I didn't read it through for POV. Unknown if it's a copyvio from a dead tree source, but not apparently from the web (Google and I checked). --Ginkgo100talk 03:34, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Definately a paper of some kind, about the concept of something that might be termed Deseret Nationialism, I suppose. Original research, whther by the contributer or a prior source. Most of the material is about other aspects of LDS/Utah history, although there's a good chunk about the Deseret alphabet. "Nation of Deseret" is not a proper subject though. Assuming it's not a copyright vio, it should probably redirect to State of Deseret with relevent material copied here and to Deseret alphabet. Cool Hand Luke 05:58, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

The Nation of Deseret article is truly not an encyclopedic article. If someone here or on another LDS page would like to salvage something from it, let me know. If not I will AfD it in a few days. --killing sparrows 03:54, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * some sections would go best into State of Deseret, I think. Notice has gone out on the LDS project board.  WBardwin 04:50, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

"Honey bees"
Several editors have added an argument to the effect that honey bees were not introduced into the Americas until after Europeans arrived (thus disproving the Book of Mormon). While this may be the case for "true honey bees" of tribe: apini, genus: apis, there are other species of "honey bees"; for example, tribe meliponini, known as Mayan stingless bees. These bees both pollinate and produce honey, and they were domesticated before European arrival in the Americas. Since the Book of Mormon only says the words "honey bees" and does not specify genus, it is a logical fallacy (converse accident) to argue that there were no bees in the Americas before Europeans arrived.

Besides, they could have brought true European honey bees which later died. Colony Collapse Disorder is a relatively new term, but extinctions do happen. –  j ak s mata  13:56, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't think anyone would dispute that Apis mellifera L. were brought to North America in 1622, but that fact alone does not does not demonstrate an anachronism in the Book of Mormon. See my previous comments above. The source given in this edit only recounts the history of one specific species, not the broad spectrum of flying, honey-producing insects known as "honey bees". Taking one fact from that source and using it to disprove something not shown to be related is original research (synthesis of published material that advances a position). –  j ak s mata  20:08, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

Compare Deshret. Drutt (talk) 03:12, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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" local Ute tribe members such as "Larry Cesspooch, public relations director for the audio/visual department of the Ute Tribe in Fort Duchesne," who states that "the Utes don't even have such a word in their language. He said Utah - Anglicized from "Yuta" - is what the Spanish called the Utes, and his research indicates it meant 'meat eaters.' Cesspooch has used this explanation in various public presentations, and he said he's never been challenged on it."[8][9][10] "

This sounds seriously sloppy. How is this man an authority? How is "not being challenged" relevant? This is not a styrytelling site, but an encyclopedia. A more sober and circumspect presentation is in order. 84.226.214.17 (talk) 16:38, 1 December 2019 (UTC)

Does the book of mormon mention a potential state?
Has recently added a lot of content that isn't about the article's subject to the article. The article is about a word that is derived from the the book of mormon. He added content about the potential state. We already have a different article and a disambiguation page. Wii, please explain why this belongs here. 12.75.41.81 (talk) 04:09, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

 * please use the talk page instead of just edit warring. 12.75.41.81 (talk) 04:12, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I did not add that information, I reverted it. See Rollback. The person who wrote about it added it to give context to the ideas that spawned from it, see Bible and the section of the Torah, which includes the Main Article portion. It is not about the bible but is something related and gives a small piece to the reader about the ideas related to said article. Wiiformii (talk) 04:17, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * You reverted it, so you own the content now. It isn't related to the topic of the article. Why did you add WP:COATRACK material here? Add it to the page for the state, not the page about the book of mormon. 12.75.41.81 (talk) 04:23, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * And you may be a non-Christian... But the Bible mentions the Torah a lot! The book of mormon doesn't mention this state. These sources you added don't mention the book of mormon having a state. You are performing WP:SYNTH now. 12.75.41.81 (talk) 04:25, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * It is an example, I could not find the idea about WP:SUMMARYHATNOTE and was trying to use examples. Wiiformii (talk) 04:38, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Also see Donald Trump's case and Latter Day Saint movement's History for other articles with parts of other articles in it. Wiiformii (talk) 04:21, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS isn't a valid reason to leave this article broken. 12.75.41.81 (talk) 04:23, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * True, but they are examples of WP:SUMMARYHATNOTE. Also I am a bit confused how the article was broken by the addition of the State of Deseret? The state is relevant as it is derived from the idea of Deseret and adds detail and real world ideas created from the article that the reader may want to read later. Wiiformii (talk) 04:31, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deseret (Book of Mormon)


text:
Minit Records

Minit Records was an American independent record label, originally based in New Orleans and founded by Joe Banashak in 1959. Ernie K. Doe, Aaron Neville, Irma Thomas, and Benny Spellman were early artists on the label. Later artists included Bobby Womack and Ike & Tina Turner.

History
Allen Toussaint was responsible for much of the label's early success, he wrote, produced, arranged and played piano on a number of tracks. The label's first hit was Toussaint's production of "Ooh Poo Pah Doo - Part 2" by Jessie Hill in 1960. After making a distribution deal with Imperial Records, the label released its biggest hit, "Mother-in Law" by Ernie K-Doe reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100 and the R&B singles chart in 1961.

When Allen Toussaint was drafted into the Army in 1963, the hits dried up and the label was sold to Imperial. Banashak also owned Instant Records, which he kept. Minit was acquired by Liberty Records in 1963 as part of its acquisition of Imperial Records. In 1968, Liberty was bought by Transamerica Corporation and combined with United Artists Records. Two years later Imperial and Minit were shut down and transferred to Liberty. In 1971, Liberty and its remaining labels (except for Soul City, whose catalog was sold to Bell Records) were absorbed into United Artists. In 1979, EMI purchased United Artists. The Minit catalog is currently owned by UMG, successor-in-interest to previous owner EMI.

Label variations

 * 1961-1963: (catalog #s MR-601-626) Orange with black print and disclaimer indicating "C/O Imperial Records, Hollywood, Calif. Later pressings of some records in this period are on the second label."
 * 1961-1963 (catalog #s 626-666): Black label with multi-color logo centered at top reading "MINIT RECORDS" with clock inside lettering; in middle of label, magenta bars contain publishing information and track time (left), catalog number and performance type (right). Silver print for all other text, including disclaimer at bottom which reads "PRODUCED AND MANUFACTURED BY IMPERIAL RECORDS INC. HOLLYWOOD 28, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A."
 * 1964-1968: (new series, catalog #s 32000-32076) Black label with silver print, multi-color logo on left side with "MINIT" inside the logo and "A PRODUCT OF LIBERTY RECORDS" under MINIT. Disclaimer at bottom of label reads "A DIVISION OF LIBERTY RECORDS."
 * 1969-1970: (catalog #s 32077-32088) Same as black label mentioned above but with the "PRODUCT" disclaimer removed under "MINIT" inside the logo. Disclaimer at bottom of label now reads "LIBERTY/UA, INC."

title: Minit Records


text: Template:VarianceAnalysis VarianceBox

title: Template:VarianceAnalysis VarianceBox


text:
Samarskite-(Y)

Samarskite is a radioactive rare earth mineral series which includes samarskite-(Y), with the chemical formula (YFe(3+)Fe(2+)U,Th,Ca)2(Nb,Ta)2O8 and samarskite-(Yb), with the chemical formula (YbFe(3+))2(Nb,Ta)2O8. The formula for samarskite-(Y) is also given as (Y,Fe(3+),U)(Nb,Ta)O4.

Samarskite crystallizes in the orthorhombic – dipyramidal class as black to yellowish brown stubby prisms although it is typically found as anhedral masses. Specimens with a high uranium content are typically metamict and appear coated with a yellow brown earthy rind.

Samarskite occurs in rare earth bearing granite pegmatites with other rare minerals. It occurs in association with columbite, zircon, monazite, uraninite, aeschynite, magnetite, albite, topaz, beryl, garnet, muscovite and biotite.

Samarskite was first described in 1847 for an occurrence in Miass, Ilmen Mountains, Southern Ural Mountains of Russia. The chemical element samarium was first isolated from a specimen of samarskite in 1879. Samarium was named after samarskite which was named for the Russian mine official, Colonel Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets (1803–1870).

Samarskite-(Yb) was first described in 2004 for an occurrence in the South Platte Pegmatite District, Jefferson County, Colorado.

title: Samarskite-(Y)


text:
Timoleague Friary

Timoleague Friary (Mainistir Thigh Molaga), also known as Timoleague Abbey, is a ruined medieval Franciscan friary in Timoleague, County Cork, Ireland, on the banks of the Argideen River overlooking Courtmacsherry Bay. It was built on the site of an early Christian monastic site founded by Saint Molaga, from whom the town of Timoleague derives its name. The present remains date from roughly the turn of the fourteenth century and were burnt down by British forces in the mid-seventeenth century, at which point it was an important ecclesiastical centre that engaged in significant trade with Spain.

The friary is the largest medieval ruin in West Cork and one of the few early Franciscan friaries in Ireland to have substantial ruins. It is claustral in layout, and built in the Early English Gothic architectural style. It contains several elements atypical of Franciscan architecture of the period, including wall passages and exterior access to its upper floor. It was significantly altered in the early 16th and early 17th centuries. Several historical artefacts are associated with the friary, and during the Romantic era it was depicted in several notable artworks.

Monastic site
The friary sits on a monastic site dedicated to Saint Molaga dating to either the 6th or 7th century. According to legend, this settlement was originally to be formed a mile west of Timoleague, but all work done on that site by day would fall down by morning. Interpreting this as God's will that the friary be built elsewhere, Molaga supposedly placed a blessed candle on a sheaf of corn, and set it down the Argideen River, building his settlement on the spot that it came ashore, in an area overlooking Courtmacsherry Bay. The town derives its Irish name, Teach Molaga or "Molaga's House" from the saint.

Foundation and early history
The date of foundation by the Franciscans is disputed. Documentary evidence places the foundation of the friary between 1307 and 1316, though physical evidence suggests that a preexisting 13th-century building was incorporated into the site. According to the Annals of the Four Masters, the friary was founded in 1240 by the MacCarthy Reagh family. This has been identified as possibly being too early. Some sources ascribe this claimed foundation to Domhnall Got MacCarthy, while others claim that Got MacCarthy merely expanded the friary anywhere between 1312 and 1366. Domhnall's grandson, Domhnall Glas MacCarthy, is also thought to have been a patron of the friary. Samuel Lewis, in A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland... (1837) writes that the MacCarthy's founded the friary in 1312. The friary's foundation has also been attributed to the Anglo-Norman de Barry family in the early 14th century. Though the friars were well established in Timoleague by 1320, the earliest surviving parts of the ruined friary date from later in the 14th century. It is likely that they were based in Timoleague Castle prior to the construction of the friary.

By the 15th century, the friary was recognised as a centre of learning, and also as an important ecclesiastical centre. In 1460, Timoleague became one of the first houses in the Franciscan order to recognise the observantine reform. Tadhg Mac Cárthaigh, also known as "Blessed Thaddeus", is said to have been educated by the friars in Timoleague around this time. According to the Annals of Ulster, in 1505 Patrick Ó Feidhil, a famous preacher in Ireland and Scotland, was buried in the friary.

An important patron of the church was Bishop John Edmond de Courcy, along with his nephew James, 8th Baron Kingsale. They funded the construction of the Gothic style bell tower, the infirmary, the library, and one of the dormitories. De Courcy had been a friar in Timoleague before being made a bishop. The tower was added between 1510 and 1518. They also contributed to the friary's collection of plate. John de Courcy was buried in the transept of the friary, but in the Cromwellian period his grave was desecrated and his bones thrown into the estuary.

Despite the dissolution of the monasteries in 1540 by Henry VIII, the friars remained in Timoleague. In 1568, the friary was seized by crown forces, and in 1577 was granted to James de Barry, 4th Viscount Buttevant. Despite this, Timoleague remained an important centre for the training of the novitiate until the late 1580s. In 1590, the Protestant Bishop of Cork ordered materials to be taken from the friar's mill to be used in the construction of a new mill he was building, but the river flooded and swept away all progress on the new mill. In 1596, the friary's wooden cells were removed and were being transported by ship, but the ship sank in a storm. After the succession of James I, the friary was reclaimed by Catholics in 1603, and was repaired in its entirety by the end of 1604. During these repairs, significant changes were made to the architecture of the friary.

Abandonment and destruction
In 1612, Bishop Lyons came to Timoleague to disperse the friars but was repelled by an Irish force led by Daniel O'Sullivan. Though the friary had reportedly been re-edified by 1613, by the time of Donatus Mooney's visit in 1616, the friary could no longer be considered genuinely inhabited. In 1629, four years after the death of King James, Richard Boyle was named Lord Justice and instigated the closure of religious buildings across Cork, putting increasing pressure on the friary. It is assumed, however, that the friary was already largely abandoned by the Franciscans by this point, as the guardian appointed to the friary, Eugenius Fildaeus, was appointed in Limerick, in Loco refugii. By 1631 the friary had been largely plundered by Protestant settlers.

Despite these accounts, the friary was reportedly renowned for its School of Philosophy, established in 1620 and led by Owen O'Fihelly. Furthermore, in 1629 Mícheál Ó Cléirigh reportedly transcribed material from the Book of Lismore in the friary library.

The friary was eventually burnt down by crown forces in July 1642, when a force led by Lord Kinelmeaky failed to capture Timoleague Castle and instead burnt the friary and much of the town. Franciscan houses were commonly founded at trading ports, and Timoleague is no exception: the friary at one time engaged in significant trade with France, and in particular, Spain. The monks likely traded Irish agricultural goods such as hides, butter, timber, and corn in exchange for wine: an account of the burning of the friary states that: "We burnt all the towne, and their great Abbey, in which was some thousand barrels of wine." The destruction of the friary led to a significant downturn in the financial development of the town.

As ruins
After the friary was burnt, local families began to bury their dead within the friary regardless of status, something which previously had only been done for prominent local families. Despite the burning of the friary, the Franciscan community of Timoleague survived for close to two centuries. In 1696 four friars were reportedly living in the ruined monastery. Though the Franciscan community dispersed by the mid-eighteenth century, individual friars remained in the area for several more decades. The last Franciscan friar working in the area was Fr Edmund Tobin (also known as Bonaventure Tobin), who died circa 1822. The Franciscans appointed titular guardians of the friary up until 1872. The last guardian of Timoleague friary was Patrick Carey. Interest in the friary was renewed during the Romantic era of the early 19th century, and many paintings and sketches of the friary exist from this period. On 15 January 1848, Fr Matt Horgan, writing under the pen-name "Viator", wrote the following which was released in the Cork Examiner:

"'The walls [of the friary] are washed by the tide and some large breaches are already made in the burying ground, much to the disgrace of the lord of the soil, who must be either some heartless absentee, or a Gothic resident, having no feeling of fatherland; irrespective of its history or monuments, thinking only of bullocks, and knowing nothing, and caring less for the arts; blind to the beauties, with heart closed against the romance and poetry of the glorious past, and its mute but still eloquent memorials.'"

Soon after the publication of these remarks, Colonel Robert Travers, the so-called "lord of the soil", had the walls of the friary grounds replaced, and a road built between them and the sea, all at his own expense. In 1891, mass was celebrated in the friary for the first time since it was burnt down 249 years prior. One of the Timoleague chalices (the Dale-Browne Chalice) was used on the occasion. In 1892, Denham Franklin wrote that

"'The preservation of the abbey is mainly due to the care bestowed on it by the family of the present proprietor of Timoleague, Mr. Robert Travers, who did not allow the depredations unfortunately too common on our ancient buildings.'"

In 1920, in response to the murder of three police officers by Irish nationalists, British soldiers desecrated the friary's burial ground. Burial vaults were opened, and the flags that had been draped over the coffins within were torn and cast aside. Coffins were opened, and in some cases, human remains were left visible.

The friary has been listed as a discovery point on the Wild Atlantic Way since it was established in 2014. Irish-language writer Máire Ní Shíthe was interred in the friary in an unmarked grave in 1955. In 2016 the location of her burial was identified, and a commemorative stone placed above it.

Architecture
The friary is the largest medieval ruin in West Cork. The use of locally available freestone was typical in the construction of Franciscan friaries of the period, and Timoleague Friary is no exception, having been made from locally sourced slate, quarried in nearby Borleigh. Built in the Early English Gothic architectural style, the architectural details are quite plain. Despite the extensive standing remains, the friary was once much larger than it is today. Records show that in the late 1500s the friary had a mill attached to the main structure, and that the monastery stood on a 4.5 acre site — four times larger than what is left of the friary grounds today.

At the entrance to the nave, now used as the main entrance to the friary, a fleur-de-lis is engraved on the left jamb. The doorway features simple mouldings, features of the Perpendicular Gothic period. The original monks were likely French-speaking, and would have used the fleur-de-lis as an aid to describing the Holy Trinity. A small recess above the door was used to hold either a sculpture or other religious imagery. The nave was considerably smaller when the friary was first constructed; it features an arcade of six arches, only three of which are original.

A leprosarium was located in Spittal, a nearby townland, and as a result, the south window of the transept was known as the "Leper's Hole" or "Lepers' Window" — a gap through which sufferers of leprosy could see and hear the service, and partake in the Blessed Sacrament. The window is narrower on the outside than it is on the inside, and the Eucharist was likely passed out by the monks on a spoon so as to avoid contact with a disease which was considered highly contagious at the time.

The choir is the oldest part of the friary and may have originally been an early 13th-century castle or church that the Franciscans later added to. It is notably tall and features unusual components such as long arches and triforium wall passages. It features four widely splayed arched recesses in the north and south walls, separated by piers, one of which is now covered by the base of the tower. The recess nearest the east gable contained the sedilia. A niche on the northern wall once contained an altar in memory of the de Courcey family. The great window in the choir faces east, and once contained elaborate stained glass imagery. The graves of the McCarthy Reagh family are also located here.

The sacristy features a bullaun stone, commonly known as a “wart well” as the water in the depression was said to heal warts. This stone is far older than any other aspect of the friary, and may have originally been associated with the original 6th or 7th century monastic site.

One of the protruding stones on the exterior wall is known as "St Molaga's Head". A gift given by French sailors as thanksgiving for safe harbour following a storm at sea, it was originally a sculpture of Molaga's head, but the facial features have been completely eroded.

A room generally considered to have been the library is the only section of the friary not in use as a burial ground. This may have been the place of residence of the friars who remained in Timoleague after the destruction of the friary. The windows present in the remaining ground floor of this room would not have been sufficient for literary work, and the library was actually more likely to have been on the upper floor.

When Donatus Mooney visited the friary in the 17th century, he noted that the ceilings above the refectory and the chapter room were supported by beams of carved oak. The chapter room may have at one time been the location of the library, though it was later used for storage purposes. The chamber designated as the refectory is evidenced by traces of a reader's seat and one of the five windows which lighted it.

The friary originally had a cloister, but only a portion of its walls remain standing. It is unclear whether the ambulatory extended along the western side. The cloister and the monk's living quarters are towards the north of the church, which is typical of Irish Franciscan friaries. The cloister quadrangle would have covered an area 32 ft across by 30.5 ft wide. In the south wall of the cloister is an intramural space known locally as "The Fairy Cupboard". In the 1800s, some local children supposedly entered the Fairy Cupboard and discovered a parchment manuscript beneath one of the flagstones, which they used as a football before the remainder was eaten by pigs. Documentary evidence suggests that there was exterior access from the cloister to rooms on the upper floor, which would have been unusual. Though there are no traces of steps, there are indications that the space typically occupied by the chapter room in Franciscan friaries was used as a cellarage, and that the chapter room was located above. A further atypical feature of the friary is that alongside the cloister it has a large outdoor courtyard.

The bell tower is one of fourteen pre-reformation towers built in Franciscan monasteries that still stand today. It is a later addition to the friary, and was erected in the early 16th century. The tower is wider from north to south than from west to east, a feature typical of Franciscan towers. It measures 13 ft from west to east and 15 ft from north to south. Also typical is the abrupt narrowing of the cross-walls from the north and south at the point where the tower begins. The tower is more obviously battered than most Franciscan towers. The tower is battlemented, as are almost all surviving towers. The top of the tower has three merlons rising to each of its four corners.

Book of Lismore
Leabhar Leasa Móir, or the Book of Lismore, also known as Leabhar Mhic Cárthaigh Riabhaigh, is a 15th-century manuscript with connections to the friary. Though some sources claim that the manuscript was written or partly written in the friary, Professor Pádraig Ó Macháin, an expert on Irish manuscripts, says that that is not the case. It was held in the friary at times, and material from the book was transcribed there by Mícheál Ó Cléirigh in 1629.

Timoleague Chalices
Two 17th century chalices – both of which are referred to as the "Timoleague Chalice" – are associated with the friary. The first, also known as the "Dale-Browne Chalice", or the "Dale Chalice", is made of gilt silver and was created circa. 1600. After the suppression of the monastery, one of the friars supposedly escaped with the chalice, disguised himself and lived as a farmer. His dying wish was that the chalice and his vestments were buried in a box beneath his house and that they remain buried until the friary was restored and the friars had returned. Years later, the box was discovered while the house was undergoing renovations. The contents were given to Franciscans in Cork.

The earlier chalice is engraved with the words "Orate · Pro · Animabvs · Caroli · Dali · Et · Elizie · Browne · TimoLeagve." around the base, which translates as "Pray for the souls of Charles Daly and Elizabeth Browne, Timoleague". It is 8.5 inches tall, with the tulip-shaped bowl measuring 3.25 inches wide and 3 inches deep. Its primary decoration is on one facet of its tall hexagonal foot. It depicts a selection of the Instruments of the Passion: a central cross with a spear to one side and a stick with a sponge on the other. The cross is depicted as the tree of life, with branches sprouting from its tip and base and shamrocks forming its head and arms. The chalice was likely a gift from the Dalys (Elizabeth Browne being Charles' wife) to the friars upon their return to the friary after its suppression in 1568. It is currently held by the Collins Barracks branch of the National Museum of Ireland.

The later chalice, also known as the "Timoleague Franciscan Chalice", is made of gold and may date to c. 1633. When the friary was burned, three friars supposedly fled via rowboat and were found at sea by fishermen from Cape Clear Island, by which time two of them had died. A box was left with the fishermen by the surviving friar, with instructions that they not open it as he would one day return for it, though he never did. It was re-opened in 1860 and found to contain a set of severely deteriorated vestments and a chalice "black with age". The chalice is engraved with the words "ffr'MinConv de Thimolaggi" ("Friars Minor Convent of Timoleague"). In 1892, 250 years after the chalice was removed from the town, it was returned to the parish priest of Timoleague. It has remained in the safekeeping of his successors, and an exact replica of the chalice is on permanent display in the local Catholic church.

In culture
William Ashford depicted the friary several times: first in a pencil sketch, and then again among his earliest landscape works, which include a rough drawing of the friary, titled Timoleague (abbey ruins), which he followed with two 1776 watercolours of the ruins. The Irish writer Seán Ó Coileáin wrote the c. 1913 poem Machtnadh an Duine Dhoilghiosaich about the ruins. James Hardiman described it as one of the "finest modern poems in the Irish language" in 1831. It has been translated to English several times, including as The Mourner's Soliloquy in the Ruined Abbey of Timoleague and as Lament over the Ruins of the Abbey of Teach Molaga by Sir Samuel Ferguson. A bronze cast of one of the verses in the original Irish is located at the entrance gate of the ruins.

title: Timoleague Friary


text:
Talk:Dodge Coronet

Coronet and Satellite
I have a real problem calling the 1971 Coronet and Satellite twins. The two cars look nothing like each other. The "Mom & Pop" style of the '71 Coronet doesn't compare to the streamlined "shark-shape" of the '71 satellite. Am I missing something? Rsduhamel 19:53, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It's probably because they're both b-bodies. (I didnt' write that though.) Davert 16:42, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Belvedere redirect?
Erm, why does Plymouth Belvedere-> redirect to Dodge Coronet? -- Phyzome is Tim McCormack 14:37, 2005 May 3 (UTC)

 * Someone fixed that Davert 14:52, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

1958 dodge coronet texan
anyone heard of a coronet texan,if so can you give me any history thanks. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 88.104.42.93 (talk) 13:01, 8 June 2006
 * See http://www.allpar.com/old/texan.html Davert 16:42, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Second Generation?
The way this article was before, it seemed to imply that 1955-57 was one generation and 1958-59 was another. The info on Allpar shows changes in 1957, but I don't know if that's a new generation or not. Recent edits to this article make it seem like 1955-59 was a single generation. What is it? --Sable232 22:05, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Coronet Super Bee?
That part was hard. I kept getting glitches. After a while, I got it right. Why would they think of a Coronet Super Bee? Why couldn't they just give the title to the Dodge Charger. That's what I want.

There is no seventh generation
Seventh generation? What seventh generation? A restyle of the grille and headlights does not constitute a new generation when the rest of the car is essentially the same. 1971-1976 should be a single generation, not split into two. Mechanically they are the same and most of the sheet metal is carried over from 1974. It is not a new car justifying being placed in a new generation.

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dodge Coronet


text:
Michele Lee

Michele Lee (born June 24, 1942) is an American actress, singer, dancer, producer and director. She is known for her role as Karen Fairgate MacKenzie on the prime-time soap opera Knots Landing, for which she was nominated for a 1982 Emmy Award and won the Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Actress in 1988, 1991, and 1992. She was the only performer to appear in all 344 episodes of the series.

Lee began her career on Broadway in Vintage 60 (1960) and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1962). She made her movie debut in the film version of the latter in 1967. Her other film appearances include the Disney film The Love Bug (1968), The Comic (1969), and Along Came Polly (2004). She was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1974 for Seesaw and for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play in 2001 for The Tale of the Allergist's Wife. She also played the title role in the 1998 TV film Scandalous Me: The Jacqueline Susann Story and Madame Morrible in the 2015 Broadway musical Wicked.Guest on the "Tim Conway Show" s.1 EP. 1 1981.

Early life
Michele Lee Dusick was born in Los Angeles on June 24, 1942, the daughter of Sylvia Helen (née Silverstein), and Jack Dusick, a makeup artist. She attended Alexander Hamilton High School.

Career beginnings
Her television career began at age 19, on the December 26, 1961, episode of the CBS-TV sitcom The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.

After she sang in the film version of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, she became known for her roles in the films The Comic, opposite Dick Van Dyke, and The Love Bug, opposite Dean Jones, the latter becoming the second-highest-grossing film of 1969 in the United States. That same year, she starred in a special television production of the Jerome Kern–Otto Harbach musical, Roberta, in which she sang "Smoke Gets In Your Eyes", and also peaked at #52 on the Billboard Hot 100 with "L. David Sloane". She recorded two records on Columbia Records in the 1960s, in addition to her singing work on original Broadway cast albums. After the birth of her son, she worked infrequently until accepting a role on Broadway in Seesaw, which netted her a Tony Award nomination in 1974. After her mother's death, she stopped working to spend time with her son.

In 1974, Lee starred in the pilot episode of the proposed CBS sitcom The Michele Lee Show. She played Michele Burton, a clerk in a hotel newsstand, with support from Stephen Collins. However, only the pilot episode was aired, and the series did not proceed. Lee became a busy guest actor in the 1970s, appearing on Marcus Welby, M.D.; Alias Smith and Jones; Night Gallery; Love, American Style; Fantasy Island; The Love Boat; and The Match Game.

Knots Landing
In 1979, Lee accepted the role of Karen Fairgate on Knots Landing, a spin-off of the highly popular Dallas. Though slow to start, the series eventually became a ratings hit and became one of the longest-running American primetime dramas ever, lasting for a total of 14 seasons from 1979–1993. Due to her long-running tenure, Lee's alter ego is often credited as being the center of the program. Television personality Joan Rivers commented that Lee was, in theory, the "First Lady of Knots Landing" during her guest appearance on The Late Show, then hosted by Rivers. The characters of the serial often represented what was happening in society at the time. Lee acknowledged that, saying, "Karen wanted to be a Pollyanna and wasn't ashamed of that. Remember in our society...when we could go over to other people's houses and come in through an open back door? I remember when I was a little girl and my mother and father would have people over and they'd walk into an unlocked door in our house." Lee was the only performer to appear in all of the show's 344 episodes.

During the fall of 1982, her character met M. Patrick "Mack" MacKenzie (Kevin Dobson), who became her screen husband the following year. They would continue working together until the end of the series. Lee won the Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Lead Actress (Primetime) three times, and was also nominated for an Emmy in 1982 for "Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series". In 1983, the writer and producers of Knots Landing urged her to do a storyline based on prescription drug dependency, which became one of her most prominent storylines. Six years later, Lee directed her first of several episodes of the series. In 1991, Knots Landing reached a milestone with its 300th episode. During the same season, Lee filmed her favorite scene from the series, known as the "Pollyanna Speech" among fans. In this scene, for which Lee had much input, Karen reacts strongly against the social problems of 1990s society and explains how she does not want to be a Pollyanna and see the world through rose-colored glasses, but rather wanted the world to be rose-colored.

Later career
After Knots Landing ended in 1993, Lee appeared in many made-for-TV movies, including a biopic of late country star Dottie West (Big Dreams and Broken Hearts: The Dottie West Story). She also became the first woman to star in, direct, and produce a TV movie for Lifetime, Color Me Perfect (1996). She was also in the reunion miniseries Knots Landing: Back to the Cul-de-Sac (1997), and portrayed novelist Jacqueline Susann in the television biopic Scandalous Me: The Jacqueline Susann Story (1998). In 2000, she returned to the Broadway stage in The Tale of the Allergist's Wife and received a 2001 Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play.

In 2004, Lee returned to feature films in the role of Ben Stiller's character's mother in Along Came Polly. She guest-starred alongside Chita Rivera in a February 2005 episode of Will & Grace. Also in 2005, she reunited with her Knots Landing co-stars for the nonfiction special Knots Landing Reunion: Together Again, in which the actors reminisced about their time on the hit series. That same year she appeared alongside Tyne Daly, Leslie Uggams, Christine Baranski and Karen Ziemba for the Kennedy Center Honor of Julie Harris. In 2010, Lee did voice work for an episode of the animated comedy series Family Guy. She returned to Broadway in 2015 to star as Madame Morrible in the musical Wicked.

Personal life
In 1963, Lee met actor James Farentino on the set of the play How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, and in 1966, they were married. They have a son, David Farentino. Lee and Farentino divorced in 1983. She has been married to writer/producer Fred Rappaport since 1987.

Discography

 * A Taste Of The Fantastic Michele Lee (Columbia, 1966)
 * L. David Sloane And Other Hits Of Today (Columbia, 1968)

As member of casts of musicals

 * How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (RCA Victor, 1961) (original Broadway cast)
 * Bravo Giovanni (Columbia Masterworks, 1962) (original Broadway cast)
 * How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (film) (United Artists Records, 1967)
 * Seesaw (Buddah, 1973) (original Broadway cast)

title: Michele Lee


text:
USS Spikefish

USS Spikefish (SS/AGSS-404), a Balao-class submarine, was a ship of the United States Navy, named for the spikefish. She was the first United States submarine to record 10,000 dives.

World War II Service
Spikefish was laid down on 29 January 1944 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine; launched on 26 April 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Harvey W. Moore, and commissioned on 30 June 1944.

She outfitted there until 31 July when she moved to the Portsmouth-New London area for training. The submarine departed Portsmouth on 16 September and proceeded via the Panama Canal to the Hawaiian Islands. Upon arriving at Pearl Harbor on 23 October, she began preparation for her first war patrol.

Spikefish got underway on 15 November 1944 for the Kuril Islands and the Sea of Okhotsk. She encountered no enemy shipping during the patrol which ended at Midway Island on 1 January 1945. On 26 January, she sailed for the Ryukyus and began patrolling westward of that group.

On 24 February, the submarine made a submerged attack on a convoy of six cargo ships with four escorts. She fired six torpedoes at two of the freighters, three of which were heard to hit, but results were not observed as Spikefish was forced to go deep and weather out a four-hour attack of about 80 depth charges. She sighted another convoy on 5 March and expended six torpedoes in a fruitless attack which led to another pounding by escorts. Spikefish was ordered to terminate her patrol on 6 March, and she returned to Pearl Harbor on 19 March.

One month later, Spikefish, under Cdr. Robert R. Managhan, sailed with USS Dragonet (SS-293) for Guam, topped off with fuel, and proceeded independently, on 3 May, toward an area off the east coast of Formosa where she assumed lifeguard station duties. She made no rescues during this period and sighted only one enemy ship. That occurred on the night of 14 May, and all four torpedoes that she fired missed the target. On 29 May, Spikefish was ordered to take station off Sakishima Gunto and act as lifeguard for carrier planes in the area. On 5 June, she bombarded Miyara airstrip on Ishigaki Jima with her 5 in gun. Two days later, the submarine rescued a downed pilot whose plane had crashed after taking off from escort carrier, USS Sargent Bay (CVE-83). She returned to Guam on 13 June.

Spikefish began her last war patrol on 8 July with an uneventful patrol in the Yellow Sea and lifeguard duty off Shanghai. On 24 July, she bombarded Surveyor Island, off the China coast, in an attempt to destroy an enemy radar station. Shortly after midnight on 11 August, she located a small Japanese cargo ship near her lifeguard station but could not make positive identification at night. The ship was dead in the water, so Spikefish waited until morning, identified it as enemy and sank it with gunfire. Three survivors were brought on board. On the night of 13 August about 190 nmi southeast of Shanghai, she made radar contact with a surfaced submarine. After tracking it for about an hour, the submarine submerged and disappeared from Spikefish's scope. At 00:07, contact was regained and the submarine was tracked until morning, when she was sighted on the surface. Her silhouette proved her to be Japanese. Spikefish fired six torpedoes. Two hit the target, which sank in a cloud of smoke at 29.03333°N, 123.88333°W. The sole survivor who was taken prisoner identified the submarine as I-373; she was the last Japanese submarine sunk in the war.

End of War
On 15 August, an order was received to cease all attacks, as Japan had agreed to surrender. The submarine delivered her prisoners to Saipan on 21 August and proceeded to Pearl Harbor, On 6 September, she and USS Hoe (SS-258) sailed for the east coast of the United States. Spikefish transited the Panama Canal on 23 September and arrived at New London, Conn. on 29 September. She was in drydock at the Portsmouth Navy Yard from 1 November 1945 to 15 February 1946. Upon her return to New London, her home port, she was assigned to Submarine Squadron 2 and trained personnel of the submarine school.

Post War service and fate
Her training duty was interrupted by an overhaul from 7 April to 22 September 1947; a cruise to Bermuda from 25 September to 2 October 1947; and another overhaul at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard from 16 May to 8 July 1948. Spikefish operated from New London making training cruises along the east coast from Bermuda to Nova Scotia until 30 April 1955. On that day, she and USS Piper (SS-409) sailed for the Mediterranean and deployment with the 6th Fleet. Spikefish returned to New London on 8 October 1955 and resumed her normal training duties until early 1963. On 18 March 1960, Spikefish became the first United States submarine to record 10,000 dives.

Spikefish was redesignated an Auxiliary Research Submarine and renumbered AGSS-404 (auxiliary, submarine) in 1962. She was decommissioned at Key West, Florida on 2 April 1963 and was stricken from the Navy list on 1 May 1963. She was subsequently sunk as a target in August 1964 off Long Island, New York.

Spikefish received three battle stars for World War II service.

title: USS Spikefish