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Klonoa

Klonoa is a platform video game series created by Namco in 1997. It stars Klonoa, an anthropomorphic creature who explores dream worlds. The series includes two main games: Klonoa: Door to Phantomile (1997) for the PlayStation and Klonoa 2: Lunatea's Veil (2001) for the PlayStation 2. A remake of Door to Phantomile was released for the Wii in 2008, and remasters of both games were released in 2022. The series also includes a set of handheld games released between 1999 and 2002 for the WonderSwan and Game Boy Advance.

Gameplay
The games are set in different worlds, though the primary and known ones are Phantomile and Lunatea. It revolves around Klonoa and how he, the Dream Traveler, must save whatever world he is in from peril. Along the way he makes new friends and enemies, some of them becoming recurring characters. The game is an early example of a side-scrolling 3D game. It is an adventure and puzzle type of game. The main gameplay feature involves using Klonoa's ring and "Wind Bullets" to inflate enemies, which can be thrown at other objects or at the ground, giving him a boost upwards allowing him to double jump.

Character
The series stars the titular character, Klonoa, who has features of a dog, cat, and rabbit but is not explicitly any particular animal. He is described within the games and manga as a "Dream Traveler", who is fated to travel to various places where the state of dreams is in danger, but he himself is not aware of that at first. Voice acting for Klonoa in most appearances is provided by Kumiko Watanabe, although English dub performances have been provided by Eric Stitt in the Wii remake of Klonoa: Door to Phantomile, and by an uncredited voice actor in Klonoa Beach Volleyball. He has Namco's mascot Pac-Man on the side of his blue hat. Wanting to be a hero, he is young and good-hearted and is willing to go against all odds to make sure justice is served. He is easily able to befriend characters along the way who support his cause. His attitude is innocent and even a bit naive, as shown in Klonoa 2: Lunatea's Veil.

Klonoa was designed by Yoshihiko Arai. Arai's first design, "Shady", had a shadow-like appearance. However, he felt that the lack of color did not seem tasteful, and dropped the design. His next design was created with characteristically animal eyes and long ears, as Arai felt that a person's eyes and silhouette are the features noticed when they are first met. He added a large hat with a Pac-Man emblem on it and collar to give the character a childlike and energetic quality. The design was kept and used for Klonoa.

History
The first entry in the series, Klonoa: Door to Phantomile (1997), was developed by published by Namco with director Hideo Yoshizawa. The Klonoa character and other game characters were designed by Yoshihiko Arai. The game released to a positive critical reception. Critics labeled it as Namco's first notable 3D platformer and a bid for creating a gaming mascot. The game has been renowned for its blend of 2D gameplay with 3D visuals.

After Door to Phantomile, Namco developed two follow-ups simultaneously: Klonoa: Moonlight Museum (1999) for the WonderSwan, and Klonoa 2: Lunatea's Veil (2001) for the PlayStation 2. Moonlight Museum was released exclusively in Japan, and set the design standards for future handheld Klonoa games. Lunatea's Veil was released to critical acclaim but weak commercial performance.

Namco published three Klonoa games for the Game Boy Advance in the early 2000s. The first two, Klonoa: Empire of Dreams (2001) and Klonoa 2: Dream Champ Tournament (2002), are platform games which continued the 2D gameplay used in Moonlight Museum but with a new cast of supporting characters. The third game, Klonoa Heroes: Densetsu no Star Medal (2002) was an action role-playing game released exclusively in Japan. Also during this period, Namco published Klonoa Beach Volleyball (2002) in Japan and Europe.

With no home console release in the series since 2001, Namco sought to revive the franchise with Klonoa (2008) for the Wii, a remake of Door to Phantomile. The game featured revised graphics and voice acting, as well as new unlockable bonuses not in the original. Despite receiving positive reviews, the game was a commercial failure and plans for a remake of Lunatea's Veil as well as a third main line installment were scrapped.

In September 2019, a trademark filing under the name Klonoa of the Wind Encore was discovered. Further trademark filings for Wahoo Encore and 1&2 Encore were discovered in September 2021. In December 2021, a trademark for Klonoa Phantasy Reverie Series was filed in the United Kingdom. Phantasy Reverie Series, which features remasters of the Wii version of Klonoa: Door to Phantomile and the original Klonoa 2: Lunatea's Veil, was officially announced in a Nintendo Direct in February 2022, and was released in July for Nintendo Switch, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S. The game is titled Kaze no Klonoa 1&2 Encore in Japan, making it another entry in Bandai Namco's Encore series of remakes.

Reception
The Klonoa series has been mostly critically well received. It was praised for its gameplay, graphics and story. It also received several awards including Lunatea's Veil winning GameSpy's PlayStation 2 "Platform Game of the Year" in 2001.

However, the series saw disappointing sales commercially. Lunatea's Veil only sold 133,401 copies in Japan during 2001, making it the 85th best-selling game of the year, while Klonoa on Wii only debuted with 5,800 copies sold in Japan, making it the 33rd highest-selling game in the region in its first week.

Phantasy Reverie Series made #5 in the UK sales charts in its first week, with 52% of its sales being on Switch and 33% being on PlayStation 5. While in Japan, the Switch version sold 9,602 copies in its first week, placing fifth in sales charts, whilst the PlayStation 4 version shifted 1,252 units and made #25.

Other media
The character Klonoa has made cameo appearances in other video games developed by Namco. He is playable in Namco × Capcom, MotoGP, Alpine Racer 3, Smash Court 3, World Kicks, Super World Stadium 2000, Family Tennis Advance, Pro Baseball: Famista 2011 and Famista Dream Match. Other games in which Klonoa is referenced in include several games in the Tales of series, several entries in the Taiko no Tatsujin series, several entries in the Ridge Racer series, several entries in the Mr. Driller series (also created by Hideo Yoshizawa), several entries in the Kotoba no Puzzle: Mojipittan series, the Japanese version of Xenosaga Episode I, Final Lap 2000, Namco Stars, Point Blank 3, Family Stadium 2003, QuickSpot, Dragon Tamer Sound Spirit, Seven Bridge, Keroro RPG: Kishi to Musha to Densetsu no Kaizoku, Magical Girl Lyrical Nahoha A's Portable: The Gears of Destiny, We Ski and its sequel We Ski & Snowboard, Soulcalibur V, Tekken 7, We Love Katamari REROLL+ Royal Reverie and Pac-Man Mega Tunnel Battle: Chomp Champs among others. Klonoa: Door to Phantomile is also among the games parodied in the game Segagaga for the Dreamcast.

Shippuu Tengoku Kaze no Klonoa is a two-volume long comedy/slapstick manga that, unlike the somewhat more serious tone from the video games, feature Klonoa as a good natured, clumsy and dim-witted kid obsessed with being a super hero. His attempts to make good deeds tend to fail or cause the opposite effect, due to his being overly enthusiastic, his habit of jumping to conclusions and, sometimes, just because of bad luck. The volumes were released in 2002 and 2003.

Klonoa: Dream Traveller of Noctis Sol was a webcomic series published by ShiftyLook, written by Jim Zub and drawn by Hitoshi Ariga. It began in September 2012 and lasted for two seasons with new pages being released every Wednesday, later Wednesdays and Fridays, before abruptly stopping in mid-late 2014 with the closing of ShiftyLook, ending the story on a cliffhanger. In addition, Klonoa has made cameo appearances in ShiftyLook's other series Bravoman: Super Unequaled Hero of Excellence, and Lolo, a recurring character in the Klonoa series, appears in ShiftyLook's web browser-based dating simulation game Namco High, albeit with an entirely different personality from her other appearances.

A Klonoa anime film adaptation was under pre-production at Henshin. Hideo Yoshizawa joined the project as executive producer. Ash Paulsen, a former GameXplain member, also joined in as an associate producer. After two years with no updates, writer Hitoshi Ariga confirmed the project was cancelled on January 4, 2019.

title: Klonoa


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Consort of instruments

A consort of instruments was a phrase used in England during the 16th and 17th centuries to indicate an instrumental ensemble. These could consist of the same or a variety of instruments. Consort music enjoyed considerable popularity at court and in the households of the wealthy in the Elizabethan era, and many pieces were written for consorts by the major composers of the period. In the Baroque era, consort music was absorbed into chamber music.

Definitions and forms
The earliest documented example of the English word 'consort' in a musical sense is in George Gascoigne’s The Princelye Pleasures (1576). Only from the mid-17th century has there been a clear distinction made between a ‘whole’, or ‘closed’ consort, that is, all instruments of the same family (for example, a set of viols played together) and a ‘mixed’, or ‘broken’ consort, consisting of instruments from various families (for example viols and lute).

Major forms of music composed for consorts included fantasias, cantus firmus settings (including In nomines), variations, dances or ayres, and fantasia suites.

Major composers
Composers of consort music during the Elizabethan era include John Dowland, Anthony Holborne, Osbert Parsley, and William Byrd. The principal Jacobean era composers included Thomas Lupo, Orlando Gibbons, John Coprario, and Alfonso Ferrabosco. William Lawes was a principal composer during the Caroline era. Later 17th-century composers included John Jenkins, Christopher Simpson, Matthew Locke and Henry Purcell.

Modern consorts
In modern times, a number of ensembles have adopted the term "consort" in their names:

 * Armonico Consort
 * The Baltimore Consort
 * B-Five Recorder Consort
 * Catacoustic Consort
 * The Consort of Musicke
 * Dunedin Consort
 * Early Music Consort of London
 * Gaia Consort
 * The Harp Consort
 * The King's Consort
 * Leonhardt-Consort
 * Locke Brass Consort
 * The Newberry Consort
 * Orlando Consort
 * The Paul Winter Consort
 * Quadriga Consort
 * Ricercar Consort
 * Rose Consort of Viols
 * Sherwood Consort
 * Southern Consort of Voices
 * Taverner Consort
 * The Tudor Consort

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Consort of instruments


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Talk:Joondalup

This page appears to be an advertisement for Joondalup.
 * Changed it and removed NPOV label.--Evgeni Sergeev 10:57, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

ABS Data
Can we use ABS data at Wikipedia without getting a permission. If not, please delete the statistics. Note, the information was retained, but the expression was changed. --Evgeni Sergeev 10:57, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Their copyright page says that people can use their data for personal and non-commercial use, as long as they are acknowledges as the source. ABS Copyright

Going by this I think we should be safe, but I'm going to send them an email just in case as their data is used for quite a lot of the Australian suburb/town articles on here. -- Meesham 14:29, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Split
I decided to split Joondalup as an entity and a 1980s-1990s development project from Joondalup (suburb), its central suburb. There's probably quite a few anomalies left over but I think the end result will be a good one once both articles are completed. For those who don't know, there's an excellent local history section in the Joondalup library on Boas Avenue. Orderinchaos 14:42, 26 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Will this also be done with Rockingham and Fremantle? Outrune (talk) 06:49, 30 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Eventually, yes; also Kwinana. I keep meaning to do a series of articles on the development schemes of the 60s-70s as well, but haven't had the time to do the research necessary to complete them. Orderinchaos 09:53, 30 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Quick question, do you consider the entire Joondalup LGA (both north and south statistical areas) as part of the Joondalup urban centre? Should the southern suburbs be referenced at all in this article? Outrune (talk) 10:51, 8 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Nope - there's a bit of history to this, but the suburbs south were developed entirely separately. (I really need to have a marathon session at SRO/Battye and Joondalup local history collection sometime and finish all these articles - a lot of this stuff is floating around in my head rather than in print anywhere online...)
 * Warwick + Greenwood + Duncraig were part of the Hamersley Development Scheme which originated with the state government in the late 60s.
 * Sorrento + Marmion already existed as coastal communities and simply grew naturally. There was an attempt to have a Marmion Development Scheme (with skyscrapers about where the McDonalds on Marmion/Burragah now stands!) but it languished for years then got dropped because Hamersley and Whitford had diminished its usefulness.
 * Hillarys + Padbury + Craigie + Kallaroo were part of the Whitford Development Scheme from the early 70s (1971 I think?)
 * Mullaloo + Beldon + southern Ocean Reef + part of Heathridge were part of the Mullaloo Development Scheme from around 1973-74, although coastal Mullaloo already existed in some form. (There's some fun history in the naming of Beldon, I think I put it in the article but can't remember)
 * A Joondalup master plan was put into place at some point (State Government? council? not sure) but was very slow to develop. (I'd love to try and find this - it's probably either at Battye or SRO.) Kinross was not originally part of this plan, it was developed separately, as were the new parts of Burns Beach much later on.
 * With a complete lack of legal boundaries anywhere (other than the metro boundaries more broadly which can actually be found in legislation) the ABS Joondalup northern area seems a good approximation - all of the areas within it are connected to Joondalup by public transport and road, and it's increasingly becoming the primary shopping hub of the region as well. And it's not WP:OR to use (which is the problem with any other definition) :) Orderinchaos 11:17, 9 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Great post, thanks. I look forward to reading your articles about these. Outrune (talk) 05:34, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

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Wikidata sitelink
I've changed the Wikidata sitelink for this article from (the "city" which is not the same as the LGA) to  (the suburb) because it seems from the language used in the article that it really is about the suburb. Actually, I'm a bit confused about the difference between the "city" and the suburb — the former is I guess the general idea of Joondalup, and probably extends beyond the boundaries of the suburb and maybe also doesn't include all of the suburb. I'm not really sure how to resolve that (and other similar LGA-cities like Fremantle), but as the intro sentence says that "Joondalup is a suburb of Perth", I think it's reasonably clear. Sam Wilson 12:51, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

 * Makes sense. It's another one of these cases where we've got an article on a place that has a specific locality or localities but also has a broader conglomeration that doesn't necessarily align with those boundaries. Usually, it winds up with the article covering the conglomeration, and a separate article for the individual locality; here, it might not be needed because the boundaries of the "city" (rather than the LGA) beyond the gazetted suburb boundaries are vague. The Drover's Wife (talk) 12:44, 26 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joondalup


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Honda C engine

Honda's first production V6 was the C series; it was produced in displacements from 2.0 to 3.5 liters. The C engine was produced in various forms for over 20 years (1985–2005), having first been used in the KA series Legend model, and its British sister car the Rover 800-series (and Sterling).

All C engines share in common a 90-degree V-angle from bank to bank, common cylinder block bore centers, and four valves per cylinder. It is an all-aluminum design, and uses timing belt-driven single or dual overhead camshafts; the water pump is also driven by the timing belt.

All C engines use an interference design; if the timing belt fails, any open valves will clash into the pistons, and severe engine damage will occur.

The engine family can be broken down into three sub families:
 * C20A, C20AT, C25A and C27A (transversely mounted)
 * C30A and C32B (transversely mounted rear)
 * C32A, C35A, and C35B (one-off) (longitudinally mounted)

As a general rule, interchange of parts will not work between these sub groups.

C20A
SOHC 1996 cc
 * 145 PS at 6,500 rpm
 * 17 kgm at 5,500 rpm

Japan only;

 * 1986–1988 Honda Legend
 * Experimental HP-X (Honda Pininfarina Xperimental)

The variable length intake manifold used six individual small-bore intake runners below 3,500 rpm for each cylinder and added an additional six individual larger bore intake runners at higher RPMs.

The C20AT was a turbocharged version, called the "Wing Turbo", producing 190 bhp.

Japan only:
 * 1989 Honda Legend

Honda replaced the variable length intake manifold with a variable geometry turbocharger to the C20A engine used in the Japanese Domestic Market Legend. The turbo with intercooler-equipped engine was the C20AT engine and are extremely rare. Honda pioneered variable-geometry turbo chargers. The "Wing Turbo", as Honda called them, were controlled by an 8-bit processor ECU and they were constantly adjusting. Basically, at low speeds the wings surrounding the turbine wheel inside the compressor housing on the intake side would be nearly closed to speed and direct exhaust pressure precisely on the turbine wheel. At 2000 rpm, the wings would fluctuate and it would act like a much larger turbo to increase fuel economy as needed. This car was quick and powerful, but the price premium over the slightly longer and wider Legend with the 2675 cc naturally aspirated V6 was too much for most, so the car disappeared. This was one of the only production Hondas ever turbocharged from the factory (excluding turbo engines of kei car for the Japan domestic market), along with the K23A1 straight-4 engine used in the Acura RDX and the ER straight-4 engine used in the first generation Honda City until model year 2017, when most of their model lines had the option of the 1.5L turbocharged engine.

C25A
SOHC (2.5 L) V6 24 valves, 9.0:1 compression

Japan North America:
 * 165 PS at 6,000 rpm
 * 21.5 kgm at 4,500 rpm
 * 1986-1987 Honda Legend Sedan, 1986-1988 Rover 825 Sedan,
 * 151 bhp at 5,800 rpm
 * 21.7 kgm at 4,500 rpm
 * UK and Europe (sold in US as Sterling 825i)

The engine utilized a 90 degree V-angle to the crankshaft in preference to the taller but more common 60 degree design, with a compression ratio of 9.0:1. The crankshaft had crankpins offset 30 degrees to provide a low profile engine that fires smoothly and evenly. The block and cross flow pent roof cylinder heads with 24 valves are die-cast from aluminum alloy and the cylinder bores are lined with cast iron. The exhaust system uses equal length exhaust pipes connected to the Exhaust manifold to minimize scavenging resistance and maximum total exhaust efficiency. An external high capacity water cooled oil cooler and filter maintain an efficient oil temperature.

C27A
The SOHC C27A is a 2.7 L version, with the major upgrade being the addition of a variable length intake manifold, producing up to 132 kW

Applications; non-North America:

 * C27A2 - 1988-1990 Honda Legend Coupe, 176 bhp (non catalyst) UK and Europe
 * C27A2 - 1988-1990 Honda Legend Saloon, 176 bhp (non catalyst) UK and Europe
 * C27A2 - 1987-1991 Rover 827/Sterling/Vitesse, 177 bhp (non catalyst) UK and Europe
 * C27A1 - 1991 Rover 827/Sterling/Vitesse, 168 bhp (catalyst) UK and Europe
 * C27A1 - 1991-1995 Rover 827/Sterling/Coupe, 168 bhp (catalyst) UK and Europe

Applications; North America:

 * C27A1 - 1987-1990 Acura Legend Coupe, 161 bhp (catalyst)
 * C27A1 - 1988-1990 Acura Legend, 161 bhp (catalyst)
 * C27A4 - 1995-1997 Honda Accord, 170 bhp (catalyst) For this particular vehicle the engine was updated with a more efficient intake manifold.
 * C27A1 - 1988-1991 Sterling 827, 168 bhp (catalyst)

C30A
The DOHC VTEC C30A is a 2977 cc version, producing 270 bhp at 7,300 rpm and 29 kgm of torque at 6,500 rpm, with a 10.2:1 compression ratio. The engine has a bore and stroke of 90mm x 78mm, making the engine highly over square, which facilitates a shift in power to the higher end of the rpm range. It utilizes a crankshaft with offset crankpins to achieve an evenly spaced firing interval of 120°, something typically unattainable with a 90° cylinder bank angle. Honda selected the 90° V6 as the NSX's optimal engine choice, striking a balance between packaging, complexity, and lowering the car's center of gravity. The engine was the second Honda engine ever to utilize Honda's proprietary VTEC variable valve timing system in an automotive application after the B16A, which adjusts cam lift depending on engine RPM and throttle position. VTEC allows the C30A to produce a high maximum power level while maintaining a relatively flat torque curve. C30A was also equipped with Variable Volume Induction System (VVIS), which used a primary and a secondary intake plenum. Secondary intake plenum engages at 4800 RPM to improve engines breathing ability and broadens torque curve.

The C30A also made use of titanium connecting rods, which was another first in a mass-production vehicle. The lightweight rods allowed a higher RPM to be achieved while maintaining the strength of traditional steel rods. The C30A block is an open-deck design made from an aluminum alloy with cylinders sleeved in ductile iron. The heads are 4 valves per cylinder (24 valves per engine total), twin-cam design and contain the VTEC mechanism, which is actuated by oil pressure. For maximum performance, the C30A uses a direct ignition system, with individual ignition coils positioned directly over each cylinder spark plug.

With its DOHC layout and its lightweight rotating assembly, the C30A is capable of reliable high RPM operation, but due to its complexity, cost, and use of exotic materials, the C30A was used exclusively on Honda's NSX car. For NSXs equipped with a 4-speed automatic transmission, Honda used a slightly less powerful version of the C30A, with less aggressive cam timing and producing 252 bhp.

Though never mass produced, a heavily upgraded version of the engine was briefly used in GT-spec NSXs for the 2004 JGTC racing series by the Team Honda Racing satellite team. This engine was extensively modified by Mugen and was the first turbocharged Honda engine used in the series: prior GT-spec NSXs used a variant of the naturally aspirated C32B engine. Though the exact performance figures were kept secret, it is rumored to output more than 500 bhp.

Applications:
 * 1991-1996 Honda NSX (5-Speed Manual Transmission)
 * 1991-2005 Honda NSX (4-Speed Automatic Transmission)
 * 1994-1996 Honda NSX Le Mans
 * 2004 Honda NSX-GT Super GT

C32A
The C32A is a 3206 cc version. The SOHC depending on model year, produces 200 hp or 230 hp.

Applications;
 * C32A - SOHC USDM - 200 hp and 29 kgm
 * 1991-1995 Acura Legend sedan
 * 1991-1992 Acura Legend coupé
 * C32A6 - SOHC USDM - 200 hp and 29 kgm
 * 1996-1998 Acura 3.2TL
 * C32A1 - Also known as the "Type-II"; uses a higher flowing intake manifold and slightly more aggressive camshaft - SOHC USDM - 230 hp at 6200 rpm and 28.5 kgm at 5000 rpm.
 * 1994-1995 Acura Legend GS sedan
 * 1993-1995 Acura Legend LS and L coupe
 * C32A5 - SOHC JDM - 200 hp and 29 kgm
 * 1995-1998 Honda Inspire/Honda Saber

C32B
The C32B is a highly tuned DOHC V6 used in the Honda NSX, which produces 290 bhp at 7,100 rpm and 31 kgm at 5,500 rpm of torque, retaining the 10.2:1 compression ratio from the C30A. The engine is essentially an update to the C30A and does not share commonality with the C32A. Honda increased displacement to 3179 cc through the use of larger 93 mm pistons over the 90 mm used in the C30A, while leaving the 78 mm stroke the same. To accommodate the larger pistons, Honda used an advanced metallurgical technique on the cylinders called Fiber Reinforced Metal (FRM), in which an ultra lightweight alumina-carbon fiber is cast into the traditional aluminum alloy for enhanced rigidity. This process allowed thinner cylinder walls to be used while providing acceptable cooling characteristics. The C32B also used 36 mm intake valves, which are 1 mm larger than those in the C30A.

Applications:
 * 1997-2005 Honda NSX (6-Speed manual transmission)
 * 1996-2002, 2005-2009 Honda NSX-GT Super GT
 * 2002 Vemac RD320R Super GT

C35A
The C35A is a SOHC and carries the largest displacement of the C series at 3473 cc. The C35A was the first mass-produced engine to use block forged connecting rods contributing to precise balancing and an exceptionally strong bottom end. The C35 also contains a balance shaft to dampen engine vibrations associated with 90 degree design V6 engines. Besides the addition of these forged components, the overall design is similar to its smaller counterpart the C32A, with some parts being interchangeable. The 9.6:1 compression ratio of the C32A is also retained, despite the increase in displacement.

Applications:
 * C35A - SOHC JDM - 212 bhp
 * 1996-2004 Honda Legend
 * C35A1 - SOHC USDM - 210 - 225 bhp
 * 1996-2001 Acura 3.5RL; 210 bhp at 5200 rpm and 31 kgm of torque at 2800 rpm
 * 2002-2004 Acura 3.5RL; 225 bhp at 5200 rpm and 32 kgm of torque at 2800 rpm
 * C35A2 - SOHC EDM - 202 bhp
 * 1996-1998 Honda Legend
 * C35A5 - SOHC EDM - 205 bhp
 * 1998-2004 Honda Legend

C35B
The C35B (name unconfirmed) is a DOHC V6 with VTEC which shares basic design properties with its SOHC non-VTEC counterpart but with more aggressive camshafts and slightly lighter cylinder walls. This was the only DOHC VTEC V6 ever built by Honda for longitudinal applications and was only used in one non-production car, the Honda FS-X concept.

Applications:
 * 1991 Honda FS-X concept - 280 hp

title: Honda C engine


text:
Comp Air 3

The  Comp Air 3 is a small civil utility aircraft marketed in kit form by Comp Air. It is a conventional, high-wing monoplane built largely of composite materials and which can be configured with either tailwheel or tricycle undercarriage. The design is based on the Comp Air 4, but the fuselage has been reduced in width, sacrificing seating for improved aerodynamics. The prototype first flew on February 25, 2002.

The company website does not list it as being in production in 2022.

title: Comp Air 3


text: User talk:24.141.211.76

title: User talk:24.141.211.76


text:
Hare Brush

Hare Brush is a 1955 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on May 7, 1955, and stars Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd.

Hare Brush pokes fun at Freudian psychoanalysis, psychiatric medication, hypnosis, and the cliches of other Bugs Bunny shorts. Along with What's Opera, Doc? and Rabbit Rampage, it is one of the few cartoons where Elmer gets the upper hand on Bugs. It is also the first short in the Merrie Melodies series to open with Milt Franklyn's re-arranged version of "Merrily We Roll Along"; the new fanfare would stay in use until 1964.

Plot
At the Elmer J. Fudd Corporation's boardroom, the mental health of their CEO, Elmer Fudd, is discussed; he thinks he's a rabbit, and the board decides to commit him to the Fruitcake Sanitarium. In a rabbit costume, Elmer encounters Bugs Bunny and, using a carrot as bait, lures him into the sanitarium. Meanwhile, psychiatrist Dr. Oro Myicin arrives to treat Elmer, but mistakenly diagnoses Bugs--with "rabbitschenia". He gives Bugs a pill that makes him highly suggestible. Through repeated suggestion, Bugs comes to believe he is Elmer J. Fudd, millionaire owner of a mansion and yacht.

Declared cured, Bugs is released from the sanitarium dressed as Elmer. He hunts and ends up pursuing Elmer himself, who manages to escape. Ultimately, Bugs' charade is exposed when an IRS agent arrests him for tax evasion. Elmer happily hops away.

Music
Milt Franklyn's music is characteristically less through-composed than that of Carl Stalling, and consists largely of rising and falling arpeggios, stings, and short motifs. Nevertheless, it also follows the usual pattern of Warner's shorts in quoting snippets of popular music to reflect the development of the plot. Starting as usual with "Merrily We Roll Along," the cartoon sets the scene for the corporate meeting by quoting "42nd Street." To introduce the sanitarium, Franklyn uses the old rhyme "Nuts in May." The hypnotic phrase "I am Elmer J. Fudd," etc., is associated with a driving motif in the bass. "A-Hunting We Will Go" marks the chauffeur's announcement that it is Wednesday, the day on which Fudd customarily goes hunting, and the start of the hunt itself. As noticed above, the final scene of the action ends with Ray Anthony's Bunny Hop, and the short concludes, as usual, with "Merrily We Roll Along" over the "That's All, Folks!" caption.

Home Media
Hare Brush was included on several Looney Tunes VHS cassette releases, as well as the Bugs Bunny 80th Anniversary Collection Blu-ray.

title: Hare Brush


text:
M&M Food Market

M&M Food Market (Les aliments M&M), formerly known as M&M Meat Shops, is a Canadian frozen food retail chain. The company is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario, and has locations in all ten provinces, the Yukon and the Northwest Territories; the company formerly had operations in the Midwestern United States under the MyMenu brand that operated between 2008 and 2013.

Origin
M&M was founded by Michael "Mac" Voisin and Mark Nowak in Kitchener, Ontario, in 1980. Voisin's and Nowak's original business model was to provide good quality meat at lower prices. The partners discovered that flash-frozen meats retained their freshness with Canadian-grown (Health Canada safe) meats with no steroids, added preservatives and no torture farms. But because they could be stored over a longer term, could be sold at a price comparable to supermarket meats.

M&M locations are generally small outlets in strip malls, consisting of several freezers and a counter acting as a point of sale. Store employees are known as "Meal Advisors," who are trained to assist customers by suggesting products and meal ideas.

In addition to the head office in Mississauga, M&M has regional offices in Montreal, Quebec and Calgary, Alberta.

Growth
M&M opened its first new franchise in nearby Cambridge, Ontario, in 1982. Mac's brother and co-owner, Greg Voisin, became director of franchising in the mid-1980s. Since then, it has expanded to over 425 stores across Canada. M&M entered Quebec in 1992 and then in 1997, it entered the western provinces by acquiring the business of Jeffrey's Food, based in Edmonton, Alberta in 1993. M&M opened its first store in Yukon in 2004 (at Whitehorse) and in the Northwest Territories in 2006 (Yellowknife). Some of Mac's family members, including Guy Voisin, also work for the company.

Although it originally focused on cuts of meat, it has expanded its offerings to prepared meals, appetizers, pizza, pasta, seafood, desserts and single servings, including meatless items to appeal to vegetarians.

In the summer of 2019, M&M Food Market announced a partnership with Instacart allowing for customers to order their groceries online and have them delivered right to their door. In 2022 Parkland Corporation acquired M&M's for $322 million.

Loyalty program
In 2001, M&M launched the MAX Rewards loyalty program that would give members special pricing in-store and entries into exclusive contests. It is not a points-based program, but rather rewards customers with special in-store sale pricing not available to other customers. Over time, the program grew to include special reward vouchers periodically available for over 8 million MAX members and special email offers sent through the eMAX newsletter.

In early 2018, M&M announced a name change to their loyalty program, re-branding it as Real Rewards. M&M Food Market has since launched a mobile app that allows Real Reward members to see their exclusive product offerings.

Private takeover
In July 2014, the brand was assumed by private investment firm Searchlight Capital Partners, and partners. Searchlight appointed a chief executive officer, Andy O'Brien, and a chief financial officer, Sam Florio.

Name and format change
In March 2016, M&M Meat Shops announced that they would change their name to M&M Food Market. With the name change came a broadening of M&M's selection beyond frozen meats to include frozen produce, and other healthier selections. The company also indicated plans to expand M&M to 500 locations by 2019, along with revamped store layouts that remove the service counter that separates customers from the freezers. In February 2019, M&M began stocking their frozen meals in select locations of retailers such as Rexall, allowing them to reach every Province and Territory with retailers in Nunavut.

Charity BBQ Day and Corporate Sponsorship
Charity BBQ Day was M&M Food Market's biggest charity event. It was held annually on the Saturday before Mother’s Day. Charity BBQ Day supported the CCFC, the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada, by raising funds for research through the sale of hamburgers and hot dogs for a minimum donation.

Charity BBQ Day first started in 1989, when the founder of M&M, Mac Voisin, wanted to give back to the community. He decided to support the CCFC, to help raise funds and support research into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD has "no know cause or cure," and "Canada has among the highest reported prevalence of IBD in the world." In 25 years, M&M Food Market has raised more than $24.3 million for medical research dedicated to finding a cure for IBD.

M&M Food Market holds other fundraising events through the year to support the CCFC, such as regional golf tournaments, the sale of Charity BBQ Day Penguins, Blossoms and Coupon Books, and by "sponsoring the Gutsy Walk and providing support in the form of BBQs in many event locations across the country."

M&M Food Market was also a long time sponsor of the Canadian Junior Curling Championships and was a "full sub-sponsor to the CCA's Season of Champions." During the Season of Champions, M&M held a contest where the grand prize was a trip to see the next year's World Juniors. Viewers would see a secret word displayed on the television which they then could enter on M&M's website.

Awards and recognition
M&M Food Market have won numerous awards over the years, such as a Gold Frankie Award from the Canadian Franchise Association for excellence in advertising: Internet/Website Design in 2008. In 2013, M&M Food Market successfully re-qualified for the 7th consecutive year (Platinum) as one of Canada’s 50 Best Managed Companies sponsored by Deloitte, CIBC Commercial Banking, National Post, and Queen’s School of Business. M&M Food Market has also twice held the world record for longest sausage: first in 1983 and again in May 1995 with a 46.3 km sausage produced in conjunction with Schneider Foods.

MyMenu
In 2008, M&M ventured outside Canada for the first time, opening stores in the Midwestern United States under the banner MyMenu (the name "M&M," a trademark of the Mars Corporation, could not legally be used in the U.S.) Other than the new name (chosen to reflect a from-the-ground-up operation that "[helps] people put menus together"), MyMenu stores were similar in design and layout to the M&M locations in Canada, featuring freezers, a sales counter, and the blue-and-orange M&M colour scheme. The company started with 8 original MyMenu stores — 5 in the Madison, Wisconsin market and 3 in Fort Wayne, Indiana; these were considered "test market" locations, with the company hoping to convert them to franchise ownership before adding franchises in other Midwestern markets. A difficult economic climate that affected sales and franchise financing efforts prompted MyMenu to close 2 of its Madison stores in early 2010 and all of its remaining Madison and Fort Wayne stores in early 2011. Despite this setback, MyMenu continued operations and changed its focus to co-branding opportunities with established retailers in existing locations; the first co-branding effort was the October 2010 launch of stand-alone MyMenu departments at three locations of general-merchandise retailer The Andersons in Toledo, Maumee, and Columbus, Ohio. By March 2013, all United States efforts, including co-branding, were discontinued, with the MyMenu.com website indicating that the company was no longer operating in the U.S.

title: M&M Food Market


text:
Talk:Kirtan

Too many external links
There are too many external links in this article, which goes against Wikipedia's policy for external links (see External links and Spam). At least some of the external links should be removed. 140.177.205.91 (talk) 01:43, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Sankirtan
Here a Hare Krishna editor asserts that kirtan and sankirtan are different and so sankirtan has its own page. Please refer to this and other Hare Krishna-promoting editors before making changes. Redheylin (talk) 20:02, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

Merge proposal
A centralized discussion on merging Sankirtan into Kirtan is being held at Wikipedia talk:Hinduism-related topics notice board. Priyanath talk 18:27, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

why only sikhism?
Why is kirtan described only as part of Sikhism? It of course is an important part of Hinduism too!

(I mean, the yellow box highlights it as a Sikh practice...)

 * The yellow box is there because, a little while ago, there were two articles; kirtan and sikh kirtan. They were merged and the box was left. A little later still "sankirtan" was also merged in - but this time no box. So I added the Chaitanya pic opposite - and I think that, and the text next to it, dispenses with the idea that kirtan is treated "only as part of Sikhism" If you have any Hindu kirtan data, or you would like to add a Hinduism box, nothing is wrong with that. Redheylin (talk) 18:19, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

Sankirtan as public evangelism and soliciting
In the Supreme Court of California judgement in the recent ISCKON v. City of Los Angeles case, I found the following statement:
 * ISKCON practices the Krishna consciousness religion, a basic tenet of which involves an evangelical activity known as sankirtan, which requires members of ISKCON to approach people in public places in order to proselytize, solicit donations, sell and distribute literature, and disseminate information about Krishna consciousness programs and activities. Sankirtan has four purposes: to spread religious truth; to proselytize and attract new members; to distribute Krishna consciousness literature; and to generate funds.

The definition it gives of sankirtan seems quite different from the notion in this article. Maybe Hare Krishna's use the term differently? Or maybe the Court has just plain got their beliefs wrong? --SJK (talk) 22:16, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Within ISKCON, the word 'sankirtan' is also used to refer to distribution of religious literature to the public, or preaching activities in general.--Gaura79 (talk) 22:21, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

Change title to Kirtana?
Real/original name is Kirtana. The derived word is Kirtan since in Hindi/north indian langs. the ending -a is chopped off. However these languages are not the representative of all India. Kirtana would be pan understood. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.119.180.74 (talk) 02:39, 11 July 2014 (UTC)

Harinam
Harinam redirects to Kirtan. Can somebody mention Harinam in the article and explain its relation to Kirtan? Thank you very much in advance. --Kuhni74 (talk) 09:40, 27 August 2022 (UTC)
 * can you help here? --Kuhni74 (talk) 13:45, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Maybe ? --Kuhni74 (talk) 23:49, 21 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Can you provide a source I can use? What is Hadiram? Javier F.V. 11:54, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Ooooh I see, you meant harinam
 * Ok I will Javier F.V. 11:57, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry for my misspelling, yes, you're right, thanks! I corrected my previous contributions to avoid further confusion. --Kuhni74 (talk) 20:04, 23 December 2023 (UTC)

Kirtan among Beni-Israel
Kirtan is said to have been adopted by Beni-Israel, as that Wikipedia article states. 83.253.97.216 (talk) 19:41, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Ah yes, also some modern jews living in the West. Maybe I can add a section later. Javier F.V. 11:55, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kirtan


text: User talk:83.29.14.142

title: User talk:83.29.14.142


text:
Mary Beth Dolin

Mary Elisabeth Dolin ( Brugger; January 25, 1936 – April 9, 1985) was an American-born Canadian politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in 1981 as a New Democrat, and was a cabinet minister in the government of Howard Pawley prior to her death. She also had the married names of Higgins from 1957 to 1966 and Andrus from 1966 to 1979.

Born Mary Elisabeth Brugger in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, she was educated at Webster College, Saint Louis University, Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Manitoba. She came to Canada with her husband and children in 1970. She held a number of degrees, including a Bachelor of Education, and was a teacher and school administrator before entering political life. She served as a member of the Manitoba Teachers' Society, as well as the Manitoba Association of Rights and Liberties.

Dolin was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1981 provincial election in the north-end Winnipeg riding of Kildonan, defeating her Progressive Conservative opponent by more than 2,000 votes. On July 19, 1982, she was named Manitoba Minister of Labour and Manpower, with responsibility for the Civil Service Act, the Civil Service Superannuation Act, the Pension Benefits Act and the Public Servants Insurance Act, and well as the minister responsible for the Status of Women. Following a cabinet shuffle on November 4, 1983, she retained the Labour portfolio and the Status of Women responsibility, while also becoming the Minister of Urban Affairs. As Labour Minister, Dolin conducted the final pension review in Manitoba before 2004.

Death and legacy
She left cabinet on January 30, 1985 following her diagnosis of breast cancer. She died shortly thereafter. Her husband, Marty Dolin, was elected in a 1985 by-election held in the Kildonan riding following her death.

The Mary Beth Dolin Meritorious Fire Service Medal was established in her honour in 1988.

title: Mary Beth Dolin


text:
1954 United States Senate elections

The 1954 United States Senate elections was a midterm election in the first term of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. The 32 Senate seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and six special elections were held to fill vacancies. Eisenhower's Republican party lost a net of two seats to the Democratic opposition. This small change was just enough to give Democrats control of the chamber with the support of an Independent (Wayne Morse of Oregon) who agreed to caucus with them, he later officially joined the party in April 1955.

The elections resulted in a divided government that continued to the end of Eisenhower's presidency and a Democratic majority that would last until 1981. , this is the last Senate election cycle in which a state (both Nebraska and North Carolina) had to hold three simultaneous elections (two special elections and one regular election) due to the near-simultaneous deaths of both incumbent Senators.

Results summary
Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.

Source: Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives

Retirements
One Republican and one Democrat retired instead of seeking re-election. Two Republicans and one Democrat also retired instead of finishing the unexpired term.

Defeats
Three Republicans and two Democrats sought re-election, and two Republicans and one Democrat also sought election to finish the unexpired term, but lost in the primary or general election.

Party entrance
Wayne Morse (I-OR) who caucused with the Democrats, officially joined the party in April 1955.

Special elections during the 83rd Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1954 or before January 3, 1955; ordered by election date, then state, then class.

Races leading to the 84th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 1955; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

Closest races
Twelve races had a margin of victory under 10%:

California (special)
Following the resignation of Richard Nixon to assume the vice presidency, Governor Earl Warren appointed Thomas Kuchel to Nixon's seat; Kuchel assumed the office on January 2, 1953.

Idaho
In Idaho, Republican Incumbent Henry Dworshak defeated Glen H. Taylor, who had previously represented Idaho in the Senate from 1945 to 1951. Allegations of Communist ties were used against Taylor by Dworshak and other Republicans to win the election.

Massachusetts
In Massachusetts, Republican Incumbent Leverett Saltonstall defeated his challengers.

Democrat Foster Furcolo (Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts since 1952 and member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district from 1949 to 1952) beat John I. Fitzgerald (former member of the Boston City Council and Democratic candidate for Senate in 1948) and Joseph L. Murphy (former member of the Massachusetts Senate).

Republican incumbent Leverett Saltonstall (United States senator since 1945 and Governor of Massachusetts from 1939 to 1945) was renominated. Other nominees included Socialist Workers Thelma Ingersoll (ran for Senate in 1952. ) and Prohibition Harold J. Ireland (candidate for Treasurer and Receiver-General in 1948 and 1952).

Montana
In Montana incumbent senator James E. Murray, who was first elected to the Senate in a special election in 1934 and was re-elected in 1936, 1942, and 1948, ran for re-election.

Murray won the Democratic primary against trivial opponents (farmer Ray E. Gulick and Sam G. Feezell).

Republican Wesley A. D'Ewart United States Congressman from Montana's 2nd congressional district beat Robert Yellowtail, former Superintendent of the Crow Indian Reservation, for the GOP nomination.

A contentious and close election ensued, but ultimately, Murray was able to narrowly win re-election over D'Ewart to a final term in the Senate.

Nebraska
Nebraska had three Senate elections on the ballot. Both incumbents had died in the span of three months, leading to appointments and special elections.

Nebraska (special, class 1)
Incumbent Republican Hugh A. Butler died July 1, 1954, and Republican Samuel W. Reynolds was appointed July 3 to continue the term. Reynolds did not run to finish the term, and Republican Roman Hruska won the seat in November to finish the term ending in 1959.

Nebraska (special, class 2)
Incumbent Republican Dwight P. Griswold died April 12, 1954, and Republican Eva Bowring was appointed April 16 to continue the term. In November, Republican Hazel Abel was elected to finish the term.

Nebraska (regular)
Although elected to finish the class 2 term, Abel did not run for the next term, and Republican Carl Curtis was elected in November to the next term.

On December 31, 1954, Abel resigned and Curtis was appointed January 1, 1955, two days ahead of his elected term.

New Mexico
[[File:1954 United States Senate election in New Mexico results map by county.svg|alt=Final results by county|thumb|215px|Results by county:Anderson

{{legend|#7996E2|50–60%}}

{{legend|#6674DE|60–70%}}

{{legend|#584CDE|70–80%}}Mechem

{{legend|#E27F7F|50–60%}}]]

North Carolina
Like Nebraska, North Carolina, had three elections on the ballot. Both senators had died during the 83rd Congress, leading to appointments and special elections.

North Carolina (special, class 2)
Democrat Willis Smith died June 26, 1953, and Democrat Alton A. Lennon was appointed July 10 to continue the term. In November, Lennon lost the nomination to Democrat W. Kerr Scott to finish the term. Scott took office November 29, 1954.

North Carolina (regular)
Democrat W. Kerr Scott was also elected to the next term, which would begin January 3, 1955.

North Carolina (special, class 3)
Democrat Clyde R. Hoey died May 12, 1954, and Democrat Sam Ervin was appointed June 5 to continue the term. In November, Ervin was elected to finish the term.

South Carolina
In South Carolina, Senator Burnet R. Maybank did not face a primary challenge in the summer and was therefore renominated as the Democratic Party's nominee for the election in the fall. However, his death on September 1 left the Democratic Party without a nominee and the executive committee decided to nominate state Senator Edgar A. Brown as their candidate for the election. Many South Carolinians were outraged by the party's decision to forgo a primary election and former Governor Strom Thurmond entered the race as a write-in candidate. He easily won the election and became the first U.S. senator to be elected by a write-in vote (William Knowland of California in 1946 was technically the first, but the ballots in that election were blank with no candidates listed, so essentially every candidate was running a write-in campaign).

Sitting Senator Burnet R. Maybank entered the 1954 contest without a challenge in the Democratic primary nor in the general election. His unexpected death on September 1 caused panic and confusion within the hierarchy of the state Democratic party because the state law required that a party's nominee be certified by September 3. Hours after Maybank's funeral, the state Democratic executive committee met in secret and chose state Senator Edgar A. Brown of Barnwell County as the party's nominee for the general election. Not only was Brown a part of the "Barnwell Ring", but he was also a member of the executive committee.

The state Democratic Party's decision to choose a candidate without holding a special primary election drew widespread criticism across the state. On September 3, The Greenville News ran an editorial advocating that a primary election be called and several newspapers across the state followed suit. At least six county Democratic committees repudiated the action by the state committee and called for a primary election. Despite repeated calls for a primary, the state executive committee voted against holding a primary because they did not think that there was enough time before the general election to hold a primary election.

Immediately after the executive committee voted against holding a primary election, former Governor Strom Thurmond and lumberman Marcus Stone announced their intention to run as Democratic write-in candidates. Thurmond and his supporters stated that the executive committee had several legal alternatives as opposed to the outright appointment of state Senator Brown. In addition, Thurmond promised that if he were elected he would resign in 1956 so that the voters could choose a candidate in the regular primary for the remaining four years of the term.

Thurmond received support from Governor James F. Byrnes and from those who backed his Presidential bid as a Dixiecrat in the 1948 Presidential election. Thurmond framed the race as a "moral issue: democracy versus committee rule" and his write-in campaign was repeatedly assisted by every newspaper in the state, except for those in Anderson. For instance, The News and Courier devoted its front page on November 2 to show voters a sample ballot and it also provided detailed instructions on how to cast a write-in vote. Not only that, but the newspaper also printed an editorial on the front page giving precise reasons why voters should vote for Thurmond instead of Brown.

On the other hand, Brown was supported by the Democratic party regulars and he also gained the endorsement of Senator Olin D. Johnston. Brown based his campaign entirely on the issue of party loyalty, stressing that Thurmond was a Republican ally because he had voted for President Eisenhower in 1952.

Marcus A. Stone, a lumberman in Florence and Dillon, was a candidate in previous Democratic primaries for governor and senator. He did very little campaigning for the general election.

Virginia
In Virginia, Democratic incumbent Senator A. Willis Robertson defeated Independent Democrat Charles Lewis and Social Democrat Clarke Robb and was re-elected to a third term in office.

Wyoming

There were two elections the same day to the same seat, due to the June 19, 1954, death of Democrat Lester C. Hunt. Both elections were won by Democratic former senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney.

Wyoming (special)
Republican Edward D. Crippa was appointed June 24, 1954, to continue the term, pending a November 2 special election.

Wyoming (regular)
O'Mahoney would serve out the remainder of Hunt's term followed by this one term and then retire after 1960.

title: 1954 United States Senate elections


text:
Rosehill Cemetery

Rosehill Cemetery (founded 1859) is an American garden cemetery on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois, and at 350 acre, is the largest cemetery in the City of Chicago. According to legend, the name "Rosehill" resulted from a City Clerk's error – the area was previously called "Roe's Hill", named for nearby farmer Hiram Roe. He refused to sell his land to the city until it was promised that the cemetery be named in his honor. It is located in the north east section of the Lincoln Square community area. Rosehill's Joliet-limestone entrance gate (added in 1864) was designed by William W. Boyington, the architect of the Chicago Water Tower and the Old University of Chicago, who is buried in Rosehill. The Rosehill Cemetery Administration Building and Entry Gate was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Like its sister cemetery Graceland, Rosehill is the burial place of many well-known Chicagoans. The cemetery contains many monuments that are notable for their beauty and eccentricity, such as that of Lulu Fellows.

The cemetery is also the final resting place of 61 victims of the Iroquois Theatre fire, in which over 600 people died.

Several graves, gravestones and monuments from the old City Cemetery, originally located in what is now Lincoln Park were relocated to Rosehill Cemetery.

Rosehill Mausoleum

Dedicated in 1914, Rosehill Mausoleum was designed by architect Sidney Lovell. It is the largest mausoleum in Chicago and has two levels, the lower level being partially underground. The interior is constructed almost entirely of marble. The floors are Italian Carrara marble. There are many small family-owned rooms with heavy bronze gates. Some of these private rooms feature stained glass windows designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany among other artists. Richard B. Ogilvie, Governor of Illinois, is entombed near the ceiling in the west part of the Mausoleum. Other notables include Aaron Montgomery Ward, his business rival Richard Warren Sears, and John G. Shedd, philanthropist and president of Marshall Field & Company. The mausoleum has been expanded several times.

Horatio N. May Chapel
Built in 1899, the Horatio N. May Chapel was designed by architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee. It is designed in a blend of Gothic and Romanesque styles, with an exterior of granite and an interior appointed with mosaic floors and a graceful oak roof with "hammer-beam trusses and curved brackets."

Civil War Memorials

Civil War buffs have long been attracted to Rosehill, where approximately 350 Union soldiers and sailors and at least three Confederates who gave their lives in service are entombed. It is the final resting place for several members of the 8th Illinois Cavalry, the unit that fired the first shots in the Battle of Gettysburg, and of a general whose troops helped Ulysses S. Grant avoid surrender in the Battle of Shiloh, Grant's first major engagement of the war. Rosehill Cemetery maintains the distinction of being the largest private burial ground of Union veterans, including 16 generals, in the state of Illinois. To honor those who fought for country and cause, Rosehill officially opened its own Civil War Museum on January 15, 1995.

Chicago Volunteer Firefighter's Memorial
A monument "To Honor All the Courageous Volunteer Firefighters of Chicago" was erected in Rosehill Cemetery in 1864. The monument, designed by Leonard Volk, features a vigilant fireman standing atop a tall column. A fire hose is wrapped around the base. Four old-style hydrants make up the corners of the memorial. The granite marker at the base contains the names of all firefighters killed in the line of duty.

In film
Rosehill was featured in the film Next of Kin (1989). The funeral scene in Backdraft (1991) takes place at the Volunteer Firefighter's Monument at Rosehill, but was actually filmed elsewhere using a replica of this monument. Lulu Fellowes (the girl in the glass box) also appeared in the film U.S. Marshals (1998).

West Ridge Nature Preserve
In 2015, the Chicago Park District Park No. 568 – West Ridge Nature Preserve was established along the north western edge of Rosehill Cemetery. The park land, which was once part of the cemetery, features 20.585 acres of restored woodland, native plants, boardwalks, a 4.5 acre pond, a multipurpose trail around the park with elevated overlooks, educational and interpretive signage for easy identification of plantings, fishing stations and wildlife viewing opportunities.

Notable burials
• James Aldrich, U.S. Congressman, Illinois 1st Congressional District (1893–97)

• William Aldrich, U.S. Congressman, Illinois 1st Congressional District (1877–83)

• George Bangs, Railway Mail Service

• George Bell Jr., United States Army Major General who commanded the 33rd Infantry Division in World War I

• John Lourie Beveridge, Illinois Governor (1873–77)

• Lester L. Bond, Chicago Mayor (1873)

• Levi Boone, Chicago Mayor (1855–56), anti-immigrant American Party (a.k.a. The Know-Nothing Party)

• Mary McVicker Booth, actress

• William W. Boyington, architect, Chicago Water Tower and Rosehill Cemetery entrance

• Myra Colby Bradwell, Illinois lawyer and political activist, founder of Chicago Legal News

• James B. Bradwell, Illinois lawyer, judge, and politician

• Jack Brickhouse, Hall of Fame sports broadcaster

• Austin Brooks, Editor, Quincy Herald (1853–67)

• Avery Brundage, athlete, construction contractor, president of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) and International Olympic Committee (IOC)

• Henry Buker, baseball shortstop. right fielder 1884 Detroit Wolverines

• Jacob Burck, Pulitzer prize-winning editorial cartoonist and artist for St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the Chicago Sun-Times

• Leo Burnett, advertising executive, founder of Leo Burnett Worldwide

• Edward Dean Cooke, U.S. Congressman, Illinois 6th Congressional District (1895–97)

• Joseph Cummings, president of Wesleyan University (1857–75), president of Northwestern University (1881–90)

• Albert Blake Dick, founder of A.B. Dick Company, coined the word "mimeograph"

• Jim Dooley, Chicago Bears football player, coach

• Harvey Doolittle Colvin, Chicago Mayor (1873–75)

• Dewitt Clinton Cregier, Chicago Mayor (1889–91)

• George R. Davis, U.S. Congressman, Illinois (1879–85), Director General, World's Columbian Exposition

• Charles G. Dawes, 30th Vice President of the United States

• Martin Emerich, Maryland House of Delegates, U.S. Congressman, Illinois 1st Congressional District (1903–05)

• Charles Benjamin Farwell, U.S. Congressman, U.S. Senator from Illinois

• Bernhard Felsenthal, rabbi

• Milton S. Florsheim, founder of Florsheim Shoe Company

• Mimi Forsythe, actress Three Russian Girls, The Bridge Of San Luis Rey

• Bobby Franks, murder victim of Leopold and Loeb

• Lyman J. Gage, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (1897–02), banker, president of the World's Columbian Exposition

• Augustus Garrett, Chicago Mayor (1843–44, 1845–46)

• Samuel Robert Gibson, folk singer Gibson and Camp at the Gate of Horn

• Solomon Harry Goldberg, founder Hump Hairpin Manufacturing Company, patented hairpin made with ridges

• Harry Grabiner, Major League Baseball executive, first general manager of Chicago White Sox

• Elisha Gray, inventor, founder Western Electric

• Dwight H. Green, Governor of Illinois (1941–49)

• Henry Greenebaum, banker

• Charles Frederick Gunther confectionery manufacturing magnate, created Cracker Jack

• John Charles Haines, Chicago Mayor (1858–60)

• Winifred M. Hausam, one of the most creative educators in Southern California and credited with organizing many vocational and counseling bureaus

• John D. Hertz, founder Yellow Cab, Hertz Rent-A-Car; Re-interred at Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx, New York

• Otis Hinckley, co-founder Hinckley & Schmitt

• Ida Sophia Hippach, RMS Titanic survivor

• Jerome Holtzman, Baseball Hall of Fame sportswriter, known as "The Dean" of baseball press boxes

• Nat Hudson, Major League Baseball pitcher (1886–89) for the St. Louis Browns.

• Charles J. Hull, real estate magnate, Hull House owner

• Edgar Allan Jonas, U.S. Congressman Illinois 12th Congressional District (1949–55)

• Edward Jump, artist, cartoonist

• Andrew Thomas Kearney, founder of management consulting firm A.T. Kearney

• John H. Kedzie, lawyer, real-estate developer, politician (namesake: Kedzie Avenue in Chicago and Kedzie Street, Evanston)

• Harry Stephen Keeler, pulp mystery writer, The Case Of The Barking Clock, The Man With The Magic Eardrums

• James Scott Kemper, founder of Lumberman's Mutual Casualty Company, predecessor of Kemper Corporation

• Edward Kimball (1823–1901), Sunday School teacher and church debt raiser

• Edward N. Kirk, Union Army brigadier general, U.S. Civil War

• Philip Knopf, U.S. Congressman Illinois 7th Congressional District (1903–09)

• Leonidas Lee, Major League Baseball player (1877)

• Felix A. Levy, rabbi

• Benjamin F. Lindheimer, Chicago horse racing and football executive

• Benjamin Berl Lipsner (1887–1971), first supervisor of the U.S. Post Office Department

• John Mason Loomis, lumber baron, philanthropist, and Civil War colonel.

• Sidney Lovell, architect of Rosehill Mausoleum

• Alexander Loyd, Chicago Mayor (1840–41)

• Peter C. Lutkin, composer

• Benjamin Drake Magruder, Illinois Supreme Court Justice

• George W. Maher, architect, Prairie School-style

• Robert Marsh, victim in the Herrin Massacre (unmarked grave)

• Roswell B. Mason, Chicago Mayor (1869–71), mayor during Great Chicago Fire

• Victor Andre Matteson, architect Cardinal Hill Reservoir

• Oscar F. Mayer, business magnate, founder Oscar Mayer Company

• John McArthur Union general, U.S. Civil War

• Edward McWade, actor Arsenic and Old Lace, Yankee Doodle Dandy, Mr. and Mrs. North; spouse of Margaret

• Margaret McWade, actress Mr. Deeds Goes to Town; wife of Edward

• Robert McWade, theater, film actor Grand Hotel, The Lemon Drop Kid; brother of Edward

• Darius Miller, railroad president

• Isaac Lawrence Milliken, Chicago Mayor (1854–55)

• Buckner Stith Morris, Chicago Mayor (1838–39)

• Richard B. Ogilvie, Governor of Illinois (1969–73)

• Martha O'Driscoll, actress: Li’l Abner, Ghost Catchers, House of Dracula, The Daltons Ride Again, Under Western Skies

• George Arthur Paddock, U.S. Congressman Illinois 10th District (1941–43)

• Legrand Winfield Perce, U.S. Congressman (1870–73)

• John W. Pollard and members of his prominent and pioneering family

• Eliza Emily Chappell Porter, first school teacher in Chicago (1835), established schools for African American children in the south

• Thomas E. G. Ransom, brevet major general in the US Civil War, division commander in the Thirteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps, died 1864

• Henry Riggs Rathbone, U.S. Congressman, Illinois Congressman At-Large (1923–28)

• Ira G. Rawn, railroad president

• John Blake Rice, Chicago Mayor (1865–69)

• Bruce Roberts, television pioneer, longtime WBBM-TV weekend sportscaster

• John A. Roche, Chicago Mayor (1887–89)

• Julius Rosenwald, merchant, early partner with Richard Sears, founder the Museum of Science and Industry in Jackson Park.

• Morris Sachs, entrepreneur, Morris B. Sachs Amateur Hour radio program

• George Joseph Schmitt, co-founder of Hinckley & Schmitt bottled water

• Reinhart Schwimmer, gangster, St. Valentine's Day Massacre victim

• Ignaz Schwinn, founder of the Schwinn Bicycle Company

• Richard Warren Sears, founder of Sears, Roebuck and Company

• John G. Shedd, Chairman of Marshall Field & Company, philanthropist, founder of the Shedd Aquarium

• Milton Sills, actor "The Heart Bandit", "The Hawk's Nest", "The Sea Wolf"

• Edwin Silverman, co-founder of Essaness Theatres

• Roslyn Simon, Wife of Justice Seymour Simon, Chicago Philanthropist and Miss Philadelphia (1932)

• Honorable Justice Seymour Simon, Illinois Supreme Court (1980–88), Illinois Appellate Court (1974–80), President, Cook County Board, (1962–66), 40th Ward Alderman (1955–62, 1966–74)

• Byron Laflin Smith, founder Northern Trust Company

• Daniel Sotomayor, cartoonist and LGBTQ activist

• William Grant Stratton, Illinois Governor (1953–61)

• Benjamin Sweet, lawyer, politician, administrator, colonel in the Union Army, two of whose daughters pioneered women's rights (1832–1874).

• Charles Wheeler Sweet Sr., professional tennis player (1905–1971)

• George Bell Swift, Chicago Mayor (1893, 1895–97)

• Charles Marsh Thomson, U.S. Congressman Illinois 10th District (1913–15)

• Narcissa Niblack Thorne, designer of the Thorne miniature rooms, Art Institute of Chicago

• Burr Tillstrom, puppeteer, creator of Kukla, Fran and Ollie

• Belle Kellogg Towne, hymn composer, author and editor for the David C. Cook Publishing Company, buried with husband, T. Martin Towne, well-known composer

• Daniel Brink Towner, hymn composer Trust and Obey, Grace Greater than our Sin, Saved by the Blood of the Crucified One

• Robert Twyman, U.S. Congressman Illinois 9th District (1947–49)

• Leonard W. Volk, sculptor, notable for making one of only two life masks of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln

• E. S. Wadsworth, co-founder Wadsworth, Dyer & Chapin, namesake Wadsworth, Illinois

• Martin R. M. Wallace, Union brevet brigadier general, U.S. Civil War

• Aaron Montgomery Ward, founder Montgomery Ward and Company, the world's first mail order business

• John Wentworth (nicknamed "Long John"), U.S. Congressman, mayor of Chicago, marked by the tallest obelisk in the cemetery

• George Elon White, U.S. Congressman Illinois's 5th District (1895–99)

• Julius White brigadier general Union Army, U.S. Civil War

• Frances Willard, temperance leader, suffragist, President of the Women's Christian Temperance Union

• Ned Williamson, Major League Baseball player (1878–90), MLB record holder for single-season home runs from 1884-1919.

• Prince Arnold zu Windisch-Graetz, pastor Concordia Lutheran Church of Chicago and member of the House of Windisch-Graetz

• Henry Haven Windsor, founder, publisher of Popular Mechanics magazine

• Charles Walhart Woodman, U.S. Congressman Illinois 4th District (1895–97)

• Warren Wright Sr., Calumet Baking Powder Company, Calumet Farm (1875–1950)

title: Rosehill Cemetery


text:
Music of Evenkia

Evenk Autonomous Okrug (or Evenkia) was a federal subject of Russia. On January 1, 2007, it was merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Oleg Chapogir from Kislokan is regarded as the most renowned composer from Evenkia. He has devoted himself to local music and poetry (such as by Nikolai Oyogir and Alitet Nemtushkin), though he was educated at Norilsk Musical College and was part of that school's first class, which graduated in 1974.

Though not a native of Evenkia, Nikolai Nikolaevich has also had a profound effect on Evenk music. He funded the children's national band Osikta and an influential brass band. Nikolaevich has also arranged local folklore and worked with Chapogir, Evgeniya Kureiskaya, a popular Evenk singer, and Anatoli Kustov, a composer.

Links
http://www.evenkiya.ru/sound/sound.html

title: Music of Evenkia


text:
Talk:Transport in Cuba

Untitled
I want to put interesting facts about Cuba's public transportation, is that allright and "enciclopedic" ?

Thank you. I have added some chronology El Jigue 3-24-06

I think something should be written about bikes, as it is the prime mode of transportation for many cubans. Guppiebugs (talk) 20:21, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

El Jigue, "No original research", "Neutral point of view", and "Verifiability" are the three core content policies that determine the type and quality of material acceptable in articles. Any notable addition should hopefully be fine if you follow these, but there are a ton of other guidelines that other editors can help you with if they think you violated any. If you don't want to edit the page because you're not sure about the policies linked, maybe you can post your new content here with their sources and request for other editors to check and publish them for you.

I will also try posting this on your talk page.

Guppiebugs, good idea. I see there is no information in the article about bikes/bicycles/cycles, rickshaws, motorcycles, or animal-drawn carts even over a decade after your bikes comment. Ken K. Smith (a.k.a. Thin Smek) 06:23, 16 December 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Thin Smek (talk • contribs)

Thank you for your interest and question, User:El Jigue (I think that's you). Ken K. Smith (a.k.a. Thin Smek) 06:53, 16 December 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Thin Smek (talk • contribs)

Tagging User:Guppiebugs. Ken K. Smith (a.k.a. Thin Smek) (talk) 17:28, 17 January 2019 (UTC)

Update Needed
The article covers a wide variety of vehicles from various time periods, but it's not clear exactly which ones are still in use today or how they were affected by the trade embargoes. We could use more images of cars, buses and locomotives imported from China post-2009. Dlthewave (talk) 22:01, 20 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transport in Cuba


text: Category:Foreign relations of India

title: Category:Foreign relations of India


text:
Patrick Ramsey

Patrick Allen Ramsey (born February 14, 1979) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tulane Green Wave and was selected by the Washington Redskins in the first round of the 2002 NFL Draft. Ramsey was also a member of the New York Jets, Denver Broncos, Tennessee Titans, Detroit Lions, New Orleans Saints, Jacksonville Jaguars, Miami Dolphins, and Minnesota Vikings.

Early life
Ramsey was born on February 14, 1979, in Ruston, Louisiana. He attended Ruston High School, where he was a two-year starter quarterback, and was also state champion in the javelin throw. His best friend was the son of Bert Jones, a Ruston native who had gone on to a distinguished career as an NFL quarterback, and the elder Jones became Ramsey's mentor.

College career
Ramsey attended Tulane University and had an outstanding collegiate career as a "scholar athlete", being named five times to the Conference USA Commissioner's honor roll, and was the National Football Foundation/College Football Hall of Fame Scholar-Athlete of the Year, in 2001.

During Ramsey's 1999 season, he set 20 Tulane passing records, including single season records for passing yards, attempts, and completions. In that season he threw for 25 touchdowns, the second-most ever for a Tulane player. In 2000, he led the third-best passing offense in the nation. He also made the All-Conference USA second-team, leading the conference in most meaningful passing statistics. In his senior season in 2001 he started 11 games and threw for 22 touchdowns. He set a school record, having at least one touchdown pass in 31 consecutive games. Upon graduating, he had the top five passing games in school history. His career totals at Tulane were surpassed only (in various individual statistics, none overall) by Shaun King, Mike McKay, Roch Hontas, and Terrence Jones.

Ramsey graduated with degrees in accounting and finance.

Washington Redskins

Ramsey was selected 32nd overall in the 2002 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins, to replace Tony Banks as quarterback.

On October 13, 2002 the Redskins hosted the team from Ramsey's home state, the New Orleans Saints. Ramsey threw four interceptions as the Saints won 43–27.

The 2003 season, Ramsey's first full season as a starter was even more difficult. He was one of the most sacked quarterbacks in the NFL that year, which was also Spurrier's last season as head coach. In 2004, Joe Gibbs returned to coach the team after a prolonged absence; he originally traded for Mark Brunell as the starting quarterback (and then quickly signed him to a long term extension) but replaced him with Ramsey in November. A month later, Gibbs named Ramsey as the starting quarterback for the 2005 season.

In the Redskins' first game against the Chicago Bears, Ramsey suffered a minor neck injury after a clothesline hit by Chicago Bears linebacker Lance Briggs. Gibbs demoted Ramsey to the role of Brunell's back-up for the second game versus the Dallas Cowboys. It was reported that Ramsey requested a trade from the Redskins, following announcement of his demotion. This report was later claimed to be false by Ramsey and the Redskins organization.

New York Jets
In March 2006, Ramsey was traded to the New York Jets for a 6th round pick in the 2006 NFL Draft. After failing to earn the starting quarterback position from incumbent Chad Pennington, he was cut after the 2006 season. He only threw a single pass for the Jets.

Denver Broncos
Following the season, Ramsey signed with the Denver Broncos, serving as the backup to starter Jay Cutler. He was released in the beginning of free agency in March 2009.

Tennessee Titans
Ramsey signed a one-year contract with the Tennessee Titans on April 3, 2009, serving as the third quarterback on the depth chart after Kerry Collins and Vince Young. He was released on October 3 when cornerback Cary Williams was activated from the practice squad.

Detroit Lions
Ramsey was signed by the Detroit Lions on December 26, 2009 after quarterback Matthew Stafford was placed on injured reserve.

New Orleans Saints
Ramsey signed a one-year contract with the New Orleans Saints on July 28, 2010; he was projected to serve as a veteran backup for the Saints' starting quarterback, Drew Brees, filling the role vacated by Mark Brunell who was not re-signed after the 2009 season. On September 3, Ramsey was released as part of final cuts before the start of the 2010 NFL season, with Chase Daniel having won the backup spot.

Jacksonville Jaguars
Due to the Jacksonville Jaguars' quarterback injury problems in early 2010, Ramsey was brought on as a potential temporary backup for the team. He was released from the team shortly after on October 29, 2010.

Miami Dolphins
On November 15, 2010 it was reported that he was signed by the Miami Dolphins following injuries to Chad Pennington and Chad Henne. He was released on waivers November 30, 2010.

Minnesota Vikings
On December 15, 2010, Ramsey signed a contract with the Minnesota Vikings but did not play any games that year and was not on the Vikings' 2011 roster.

Personal life
Ramsey married his wife, Virginia, on April 13, 2002, the week before the 2002 NFL Draft. The couple has two daughters, Virginia and Jane. He and his wife had their third child in the fall of 2011, Grey.

title: Patrick Ramsey


text: Category:Foreign relations of Japan

title: Category:Foreign relations of Japan


text:
The Adventure of the Six Napoleons

"The Adventure of the Six Napoleons", one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle collected as The Return of Sherlock Holmes. It was first published in Collier's in the United States on 30 April 1904, and in The Strand Magazine in the United Kingdom in May 1904.

Plot
Inspector Lestrade of Scotland Yard brings Holmes a mysterious problem about a man who shatters plaster busts of Napoleon. One was shattered in Morse Hudson's shop, and two others, sold by Hudson to a Dr. Barnicot, were smashed after the doctor's house and branch office had been burgled. Nothing else was taken. In the former case, the bust was taken outside before being broken.

Holmes knows that Lestrade's theory about a Napoleon-hating lunatic must be wrong. The busts in question all came from the same mould, when there are thousands of images of Napoleon all over London.

The next day, Lestrade calls Holmes to a house where there has been yet another bust-shattering, but there has also been a murder. Mr. Horace Harker found the dead man on his doorstep after investigating a noise. His Napoleon bust was also taken by a burglar entering through a window. It, too, was from the same mould. Also, a photograph of a rather ape-ish-looking man is found in the dead man's pocket.

The fragments of Harker's bust are in the front garden of an empty house up the street. Holmes concludes that the burglar wanted to see what he was doing, for there is a streetlamp here, whereas the bust could have been broken at another empty house nearer Harker's, but it had been dark there.

Holmes tells Lestrade to tell Harker, a journalist for the Central Press Syndicate, that he is convinced that the culprit is a lunatic. Holmes knows that this is not true, but it is expedient to use the press to convince the culprit that this is what the investigators believe.

Holmes interviews the two shopkeepers who sold the busts and finds out whom they were sold to, and where they were made, Gelder & Co. A couple of his informants also recognize the ape-ish man in the picture. They know him as Beppo, an Italian immigrant. He even worked in the shop where the first bust was broken, having left his job there only two days earlier.

Holmes goes to Gelder & Co. and finds out that the busts were part of a batch of six, but other than that, the manager can think of no reason why they should be special, or why anyone would want to destroy them. He recognizes Beppo's picture, and describes him as a rascal. He was imprisoned for a street-fight stabbing a year earlier, but has likely been released now. He once worked at Gelder & Co., but has not been back. His cousin still works there. Holmes begs the manager not to talk to the cousin about Beppo.

That evening, Lestrade brings news that the dead man has been identified as Pietro Venucci, a Mafioso. Lestrade believes that Venucci was sent to kill the culprit, but wound up dead himself.

After sending an express message, Holmes invites Dr. Watson and Lestrade to join him outside a house in Chiswick where apparently Holmes is expecting another bust-breaking. Lestrade by now is exasperated with Holmes's preoccupation with the busts, but comes. They are not disappointed. Beppo shows up, enters the house, and comes back out of the window minutes later with a Napoleon bust, which he proceeds to shatter. He then examines the pieces, quite unaware that Holmes and Lestrade are sneaking up behind him. They pounce, and Beppo is arrested. He will not talk, however.

The mystery is at last laid bare after Holmes offers £10 (£ in ) to the owner of the last existing bust, making him sign a document transferring all rights and ownership of the bust to Holmes. After the seller has left, Holmes smashes the bust with a hunting crop. Among the plaster shards is a gem, the black pearl of the Borgias. Holmes was aware of the case of its disappearance from the beginning. Suspicion had fallen on the owner's maid, whose name was Lucretia Venucci – the dead man's sister. Beppo somehow got the pearl from Pietro Venucci, and hid it inside a still-soft plaster bust at the factory where he worked, moments before his arrest for the street-fight stabbing.

After serving his one-year sentence, he sought to retrieve the hidden pearl. He found out from his cousin who bought the busts, and through his own efforts and his confederates’, even found out who the end buyers were. He then proceeded to seek the busts out, smashing them one by one to find the pearl.

Details
Although he appears in later published works, this is one of Lestrade's last appearances within the official canon, near the midpoint of the 60 combined Holmes works by Doyle. After this he is only mentioned by Holmes or Watson – in "The Disappearance of Lady Frances Carfax" and "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs" – as a working member of the Yard.

The story's basic plot device is similar to that used by Doyle in the earlier "Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle" where a stolen gem was hidden inside the belly of a goose - but the criminal is not sure which of the similar geese holds the jewel.

Publication history
"The Adventure of the Six Napoleons" was published in the US in Collier's on 30 April 1904, and in the UK in The Strand Magazine in May 1904. The story was published with six illustrations by Frederic Dorr Steele in Collier's, and with seven illustrations by Sidney Paget in the Strand. It was included in the short story collection The Return of Sherlock Holmes, which was published in the US in February 1905 and in the UK in March 1905.

Film and television
The story was adapted as a short silent film titled The Six Napoleons (1922) in the Stoll film series starring Eille Norwood as Sherlock Holmes.

The Pearl of Death is a 1944 Sherlock Holmes film that is loosely based on "The Six Napoleons".

Dressed to Kill - also known as Prelude to Murder (working title) and Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Code (in the United Kingdom) - is a 1946 adaptation loosely based on "The Six Napoleons", the busts being replaced with musical boxes.

The episode of The Adventures of Superman TV series (Episode 4 of season 1) called "Mystery of the Broken Statues" is mainly based on "The Six Napoleons".

The 1965 television series Sherlock Holmes starring Douglas Wilmer as Holmes and Nigel Stock as Watson featured an adaptation of "The Six Napoleons".

This story was dramatized in the popular Granada Television Sherlock Holmes series starring Jeremy Brett. This version is faithful to the original story—although there is a twist. In the original story, Beppo is captured after killing Venucci and his punishment is left unsaid for the audience to guess. In the episode, Beppo had gone to prison for a year after wounding Venucci in a brawl; at the end, Beppo is hanged. Furthermore, Beppo's surname is Cicollini and his role is expanded to have been previously engaged to Lucretia Venucci. Marina Sirtis played Lucretia in this episode.

An episode of the animated television series Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century was based on the story. The episode, titled "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons", aired in 2001.

The opening episode of season 4 of the BBC series Sherlock is called "The Six Thatchers" and is based loosely on this story; at one point Sherlock believes that the suspect is hunting for the black pearl, which he had been asked to look into earlier and dismissed as uninteresting, but it is soon revealed that the suspect is actually hunting for a memory stick containing information about Mary Watson's past.

The American TV series on CBS Television, Elementary "The Further Adventures" also adapts the story. In the cold opening, a break-in occurs at 221-B Baker Street. We find Bernardo "Beppo" Pugliesi retrieving the last of 6 busts, sold from the Royal Wedding 2018. Holmes lets Beppo break the bust, and take the Pearl from the shards. Only to explain the history of Black Pearl, and how Beppo stole the pearl. The day after the original theft, he stabbed a man in a bar fight. Knowing he is being sought in the stabbing, he hid the pearl in his brother's ceramics factory, before his arrest. His brother made 1,000 busts, that were so ugly, he only sold 6. A year later, Beppo is paroled, and begins the search, leaving a trail of broken statues. In the robbery of the fifth, Beppo strangled the owner. Holmes purchased the last of the six, making quite a show of the purchase, such that Beppo comes to Baker Street. Later at Scotland Yard, Holmes destroys the Pearl. It was made of painted glass. The glass pearl contained a ring with a hollow compartment that Lucrezia Borgia put poison used to kill her family's enemies. When she fell out of favor with certain members of the Vatican, she was told to dispose of the ring, her favorite murder weapon. Female DCI Athelney Jones comments to Holmes, "My God, Holmes. You did not get the goods on one murder tonight, but two!"

Radio
A radio adaptation aired as an episode of the American radio series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. The episode was adapted by Edith Meiser and aired on 25 May 1931, with Richard Gordon as Sherlock Holmes and Leigh Lovell as Dr. Watson.

Meiser also adapted the story as an episode of the American radio series The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, with Basil Rathbone as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Watson. The episode aired on 12 October 1941. Another episode in the same series adapted from the story aired on 7 March 1948, with John Stanley playing Holmes and Alfred Shirley playing Watson.

A radio adaptation of the story was broadcast on BBC Light Programme on 7 December 1954 with John Gielgud as Holmes and Ralph Richardson as Watson. The production aired on NBC radio on 6 March 1955.

Michael Hardwick adapted the story for the BBC Light Programme in 1966, as part of the 1952–1969 radio series starring Carleton Hobbs as Holmes and Norman Shelley as Watson.

An adaptation of the story aired on BBC radio in 1978, starring Barry Foster as Holmes and David Buck as Watson.

"The Six Napoleons" was dramatized for BBC Radio 4 in 1993 by Bert Coules as part of the 1989–1998 radio series starring Clive Merrison as Holmes and Michael Williams as Watson. It featured Donald Gee as Inspector Lestrade and Peter Penry-Jones as Horace Harker.

The story was adapted as a 2013 episode of The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, a series on the American radio show Imagination Theatre, starring John Patrick Lowrie as Holmes and Lawrence Albert as Watson.

Other media
The story is referenced in The Three Investigators book #7 The Mystery of the Fiery Eye which deals with a hidden gemstone and false clue of busts, used by a Holmes afficianado.

title: The Adventure of the Six Napoleons


text:
Talk:Yevgeny Borisovitch Volgin

Image there sucks. way too big, among other things. I'm replacing it with a better one. --DoubleCross 04:04, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Yevgeny Borisovitch Volgin


text:
Jay Payton

Jason Lee "Jay" Payton (born November 22, 1972) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder who played for the New York Mets (-), Colorado Rockies (2002-, 2010), San Diego Padres, Boston Red Sox , Oakland Athletics (2005-) and Baltimore Orioles (-). He batted and threw right-handed. Payton was an opposite-field hitter with some power. He had great speed as a runner, but did not steal many bases. Defensively, he was a solid outfielder with an above-average arm, and his quickness getting rid of the ball helped him hold baserunners on the base paths. He is currently serving as an in game analyst with ESPNU for college baseball.

Pre-professional career
Payton attended Zanesville High School in Zanesville, Ohio, and starred in soccer, basketball, and baseball. He was also an excellent student and graduated fourth in his class. While in Zanesville, Payton played for the Junior Pioneers. After his senior year, he helped lead the Midland Redskins of Cincinnati to the Connie Mack World Series Title, where he was named MVP of the tournament. That exposure helped lead to a full ride scholarship to Georgia Tech, where he would team up with future Major League All Stars Nomar Garciaparra and Jason Varitek to help lead Georgia Tech to their first ever College World Series appearance in school history. The Yellow Jackets came up short losing to Oklahoma in the 1994 championship game. In 1992 and 1993, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Orleans Cardinals of the Cape Cod Baseball League, where he teamed up with Garciaparra in 1993 to lead Orleans to the league championship.

New York Mets (1994–2002)
Selected by the Mets in the first round (29th overall) of the 1994 MLB draft, Payton hadn't fulfilled the great expectations he projected at Georgia Tech when he was drafted in the first round with fellow All Americans and Teammates Nomar Garciaparra and Jason Varitek, due in large part to four surgeries while in the minor leagues. Payton had three elbow surgeries, two of which were Tommy John, and surgery on his left shoulder. He spent the better part of his first five years on and off the DL while rehabbing from surgeries. He made his debut in 1998 after finally battling through all the elbow troubles. He helped lead the Mets to a World Series berth as the starting CF in 2000, his official rookie year, in which he finished third in the rookie of the year voting. In Game 2 of the World Series, Payton hit a dramatic three-run home run against Mariano Rivera in the ninth inning, the second and last postseason home run Rivera gave up in his career.

Colorado Rockies (2002–2003)
With limited duty in 2001 due to a torn hamstring early in the season, the Mets explored trading Payton. On July 31, 2002, Payton was traded to the Colorado Rockies along with pitcher Mark Corey and minor league outfielder Robert Stratton in exchange for pitchers John Thomson and Steve Reed. In 2003, Payton enjoyed his most productive season with career highs in home runs (28), RBI (89), runs (93), hits (181), doubles (32), on-base percentage (.354), slugging average (.512), at bats (600) and games played (157), and added a respectable .302 batting average.

San Diego Padres (2004)
On January 13, 2004, Payton signed a two-year, $5.5 million contract with the San Diego Padres, becoming the team's starting center fielder. He had a subpar 2004 season, batting .260 with eight homers and 55 RBI in 143 games.

Boston Red Sox (2005)
On December 20, 2004, Payton was traded to the Boston Red Sox along with infielder Ramón Vázquez, minor league pitcher David Pauley and cash considerations in exchange for Dave Roberts. Payton took over Roberts' role as the team's fourth outfielder. Payton was designated for assignment by the Red Sox on July 7, 2005, after being publicly disgruntled over his lack of playing time. At the time, he was batting .263 with five home runs and 21 RBI in 55 games.

Oakland Athletics (2005–2006)

On July 13, 2005, Payton was traded to the Oakland Athletics for pitcher Chad Bradford. On July 15, Payton hit a home run in his first at bat with the A's, and earned a cult status for a brief period after winning many games for the A's with an otherwise struggling offense. In 2006, Payton played regularly in the outfield for the Athletics while batting .296 with 10 home runs and 59 RBI in 142 games. On July 3, 2006, he hit his 100th career home run against the Detroit Tigers.

Baltimore Orioles (2007–2008)
On December 11, 2006, Payton agreed to terms on a two-year, $9.75 million contract with the Baltimore Orioles. After becoming a free agent during the 2008–09 offseason, Payton suffered a shoulder injury while lifting weights in March 2009. He did not play during the 2009 season.

Second stint with Colorado Rockies (2010)
On January 20, 2010, Payton signed a minor league contract with his former team, the Colorado Rockies. Payton was called up to the Rockies active roster in September after spending most of the season with the Rockies minor league affiliate, the Triple-A Colorado Springs Sky Sox. He hit .343 with an RBI in 20 games. He retired in February 2011.

Career statistics
In 1,259 games over 12 seasons, Payton posted a .279 batting average (1,157-for-4,154) with 561 runs, 193 doubles, 30 triples, 119 home runs, 522 RBI, 47 stolen bases, 255 bases on balls, .323 on-base percentage and .425 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .987 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. In 21 postseason games, he hit .253 (21-for-83) with nine runs, three home runs and 10 RBI.

title: Jay Payton