text:
Talk:Filmmaking

Filmmaking
I really don't get why "Filmmaking" in the first sentence in the intro, or first paragraph of the page has to be bolded. I noticed a lot of other bolded words and I did not get what it was meant for. Can someone please tell me why and change it?

-Azhen1951 (talk) 17:32, 4 May 2019 (UTC)

 * The title word or phrase of every Wikipedia article should be in boldface per MOS:BOLD.—Anita5192 (talk) 17:31, 4 May 2022 (UTC)

History Section
Would the article benefit from including a history section? It might help with getting a better idea of the influence of filmmaking ans show historical importance of the art. KC.Ma14 (talk) 04:13, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

Source Citation
Hi, I'm new here and all, but I think my biggest contribution to this website can be in the filmmaking articles. The biggest problem when it comes to writing about the "business" end, such as the stages of filmmaking, etc. has been source citation. There are too many educational film books and websites, both old and new, that give standard and pretty unbiased definitions and explanations for these topics. I have plenty, so I'll do my best to conflate all these different sources into one standard explanation. Open to discussion on this. Cheers! Tuxedoguy (talk) 03:15, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

"American actors rehearse with the director" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_actors_rehearse_with_the_director&redirect=no American actors rehearse with the director] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Fram (talk) 15:52, 14 June 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: ENG 1
— Assignment last updated by Coffeestudy7 (talk) 20:42, 27 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Filmmaking


text:
Q-Bus

The Q-bus, also known as the LSI-11 Bus, is one of several bus technologies used with PDP and MicroVAX computer systems previously manufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation of Maynard, Massachusetts.

The Q-bus is a less expensive version of Unibus using multiplexing so that address and data signals share the same wires. This allows both a physically smaller and less-expensive implementation of essentially the same functionality.

Over time, the physical address range of the Q-bus was expanded from 16 to 18 and then 22 bits. Block transfer modes were also added to the Q-bus.

Main features of the Q-bus
Like the Unibus before it, the Q-bus uses:
 * Memory-mapped I/O
 * Byte addressing
 * A strict master-slave relationship between devices on the bus
 * Asynchronous signaling

Memory-mapped I/O means that data cycles between any two devices, whether CPU, memory, or I/O devices, use the same protocols. On the Unibus, a range of physical addresses are dedicated for I/O devices. The Q-bus simplifies this design by providing a specific signal (originally called BBS7, Bus Bank Select 7 but later generalized to be called BBSIO, Bus Bank Select I/O) that selects the range of addresses used by the I/O devices.

Byte addressing means that the physical address passed on the Unibus is interpreted as the address of a byte-sized quantity of data. Because the bus actually contains a data path that is two bytes wide, address bit [0] is subject to special interpretation and data on the bus has to travel in the correct byte lanes.

A strict Master-Slave relationship means that at any point in time, only one device can be the Master of the Q-bus. This master device can initiate data transactions which can then be responded to by a maximum of one selected slave device. (This had no effect on whether a given bus cycle is reading or writing data; the bus master can command either type of transaction.) At the end of the bus cycle, a bus arbitration protocol then selects the next device to be given mastery of the bus.

Asynchronous signaling means that the bus has no fixed cycle time; the duration of any particular data transfer cycle on the bus is determined solely by the master and slave devices participating in the current data cycle. These devices use handshake signals to control the timing of the data cycle. Timeout logic within the master device limits the maximum allowed length of any given bus cycle.

Depending on its generation, the Q-bus contains 16, 18, or 22 BDAL (Bus Data/Address Line) lines. 16, 18, or 22 BDAL lines are used for the physical address portion of each bus cycle. Eight or 16 DBAL lines are then re-used for the data portion(s) of each bus cycle. Newer generations of the bus allow block mode transfer where a single bus address can be followed by more than one data cycle (with the transfers taking place at consecutive bus addresses). Because the address portion of each bus cycle can not transfer data, the use of block mode means fewer address cycles and more time for data cycles, allowing increased bus data transfer bandwidth.

Bus mastery is awarded based on an I/O card's topological proximity to the bus arbitrator (at the logical front of the bus); closer cards are granted priority over further cards.

Interrupts can be delivered to the Interrupt Fielding Processor at any of four interrupt priority levels. Within a given level, the cards closer to the IFP (at the front of the bus) take priority over cards further back on the bus. Interrupts are vectored: a card requesting an interrupt has its interrupt vector read by the IFP. In this way, the interrupts from all I/O cards in the system can be distinguished with no ambiguity.

Logic minimization
As with the Unibus, the signaling was carefully optimized so that the minimum amount of logic is required across the entire bus system. Asynchronous signaling is used but de-skewing of addresses and data is the responsibility of the current bus master, minimizing the complexity of the bus slave devices. The responsibility for timing-out failed bus cycles also is placed in the master devices. Similarly, the complexities of handling interrupt transactions are concentrated into the single Interrupt-Fielding Processor (the PDP-11 or VAX-11 computer) in the system.

Compatibility
The design of the Q-bus was very closely related to the design of the Unibus both in spirit and in detailed implementation. Adapters were available from Digital and from third parties that allow Q-bus devices to be connected to Unibus-based computers and vice versa. A number of I/O devices were available in either Unibus or Q-bus flavors; some of these devices have minor differences while many others were essentially identical.

Soviet clones
In Soviet systems (see 1801 series CPU), the Q-Bus architecture is called МПИ (Магистральный Параллельный Интерфейс, or parallel bus interface). Its main difference is that it supports up to four processors on the same bus. Otherwise it is completely binary and electrically compatible with the standard Q-Bus, except for the physical layout of connectors.

Cycle Types
The Q-Bus supports 6 basic transaction types DATI Data in - master read - note no DATIB (not required) DATO Data out - master write DATOB Data out (byte) DATIO Data in/out DATIOB Data in/out (byte) IAK Interrupt Acknowledge

Interfaces
A wide range of interface cards are available for the Q-Bus. Various Q-bus modules can be dual-width (two sets of fingers, half the total width of the mounting), or quad-width (four sets of fingers, the full width of the mounting), indicating that the module occupies one-half of or all of the Q-bus mounting slot, respectively.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Q-Bus


text:
Béatrice de Planisoles

Béatrice de Planissoles (circa 1274 – after 1322), was a Cathar minor noble in the Comté de Foix in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century. She was born circa 1274, probably in the mountain village of Caussou.

A great deal of information about her life was recorded in the Fournier Register. She has a central role in Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie's Montaillou.

Béatrice was the daughter of Philippe de Planissoles, a noble who was later convicted of supporting the Cathar heresy. Béatrice herself was sympathetic towards Catharism, but remained attached to the Catholic Church in some respects.

At around the age of twenty, Béatrice was married to Bérenger de Roquefort, the châtelain of the small and largely Cathar community of Montaillou. Despite living in the fortress above the town, Béatrice's life was closely linked with that of the local peasants and there was much intermixing. Béatrice was not in love with her husband, an entirely normal state of affairs as noble women usually married for economic reasons. Raymond Roussel, the steward of the châtelain's estate, attempted to begin an affair with her. When Roussel tried to sleep with her, however, she had him fired.

In 1302, de Roquefort died and left Béatrice a widow. At this point, the villager Pathau Clergue raped her. She declined an affair with Pathau when he pressed her to begin one. Soon, however, a relationship began with Pathau's cousin, Pierre Clergue, the priest and the most powerful man in the village. This relationship lasted two years before Béatrice decided to leave the mountain village and marry another minor noble, Otho de Lagleize. He, too, died after only a few years of marriage.

In her older years, Béatrice took up with a young priest, Barthélemy Amilhac. She was past menopause, but fell in love with the priest. They ran away together, were united in a form of marriage and remained away for a year. After a number of years, this relationship ended as Barthélemy worried he would be placed in danger by Béatrice's Cathar past. He was correct in his concerns and they were both arrested by the inquisition and held for a year.

Béatrice first appeared before the Inquisition on Saturday, 26 July 1320, at the Episcopal Palace in Pamiers. She had been summoned to the hearing by Jacques Fournier, the Bishop of Pamiers, to answer charges of blasphemy, witchcraft and heresy. The charge of witchcraft was supported by the contents of her purse, which included a variety of "objects, strongly suggestive of having been used by her to cast evil spells": two umbilical cords of her grandsons, which ensured victory in any lawsuit; linens soaked with her daughter's first menstrual blood, meant to be drunk by the daughter's husband to ensure his love; frankincense to cure bad headaches; some of the herb rocket, Eruca sativa, thought to enhance sperm quality and sexual vigor, which Beatrice refrained from telling Fournier was meant for her husband, the priest; a mirror and a small knife wrapped in a piece of linen; the seed of the herb ive, wrapped in muslin, as a remedy for epilepsy for her grandson; a dry piece of bread called "tinhol" (possibly millet bread); written formulas; and numerous morsels of linen. None of the items, explained Beatrice, was to be used in black magic, that is, divination and the making of mischief. Indeed, Rene Weis comments that Fournier would have recognized the contents as innocuous charms and love potions, except for the bread, which indicated Cathar interests. Beatrice had failed to mention the bread at all; Fournier knew that it must be consecrated bread carried as a talisman.

Barthélemy and Beatrice spent a year in prison and were both released on July 4, 1322, but Béatrice was sentenced to wear the yellow cross forever as punishment, while the priest escaped further sentence.

With her husbands, she had two sons, Guillaume and Bernard, and five daughters: Condors, Esclarmonde, Philippa, Ava and Gentille.

The band Supreme Fiction has a song on their album Quivering Things about Béatrice titled "Beatrice of Montaillou Recants Her Repentance."

title: Béatrice de Planisoles


text: User talk:68.9.236.62

title: User talk:68.9.236.62


text:
User talk:Kuchiguchi

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Nomination of Hoagie Haven for deletion
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title: User talk:Kuchiguchi


text:
Talk:Joking Apart

Other version
This is an adapted version of the article which appears on my website, rewritten to be more suitable to Wikipedia. The JPS

GA on hold
I have reviewed this article according to the GA criteria. I have decided to put it on hold until the following issues are fixed.
 * 1) "It juxtaposes a couple, Mark (Robert Bathurst) and Becky (Fiona Gillies), meeting/falling in love with their separation and divorce." Probably reword the rest of the sentence to "Gillies), who meet and fall in love before getting separated and finally divorced" (if that's maintains its current content). Also instead of using "It" for the opening word in the second paragraph, perhaps used "The show", or "The sitcom". Also in the intro, "juxtaposing" is wikilinked in the second occurrence, wikilink the first occurrence in the first paragraph instead. The last issue with the intro is the sentence "Although the show attracted a small audience because of scheduling problems, it attracted a small dedicated following." This seems to repeat itself with a "small audience" and "small dedicated following". This appears to be the same two groups of people being described.
 * 2) "The writer wondered what to do next.[1] Bob Spiers, Press Gang's primary director, suggested that he meet with producer Andre Ptaszynski to discuss writing a sitcom." Combine these two sentences, perhaps something like, "Moffat wondering what to do next, was introduced to producer Andre Ptatszynski by Bob Spiers, to discuss a sitcom" or something to that effect. If you don't want to combine, then elaborate on the first sentence.
 * 3) Combine the last three paragraphs in the Inception section into one paragraph, they are related somewhat and short enough to be merged together. Also, see if you can incorporate the last sentence about Pola Jones into another sentence or properly include it within one of the paragraphs.
 * 4) "A fellow performer on that show also auditioned for the part at what is now the Soho Theatre, the old Soho Synagogue, in Dean Street, and claimed..." Remove the comma after Synagogue.
 * 5) "Bathurst says "I don’t think it was entirely jocular"." When did he say this? At the time, in an interview? Elaborate on that.
 * 6) Due to the short length of the current sections in the production section, consider merging a couple. For example, you could include the location and casting together with the heading "Casting and location" or something to that effect. It doesn't look too well to have individual sections for three sentences. The structure section should be incorporated into the inception section.
 * 7) Juxtaposed has now been used three times by the Structure section. Consider using a different term to add some variety, or at least change the second occurrence back in the intro.
 * 8) Go ahead and add wikilinks for the actors in parenthesis after the cast role.
 * 9) "Fiona Gillies was aware that some of her lines were what Moffat's ex-wife had said to him." This line is almost the exact same as what was said in the casting section. It should probably only be mentioned once.
 * 10) Again, combine some of the miniparagraphs within the cast roles section. Each character should probably have one individual paragraph.
 * 11) "Although this made it clearer that they were not 'real', it looked odd." Made clearer for whom? Also, don't include "it looked odd", it may be construed as a weak form of POV.
 * 12) There is a period missing at the end of "The first series of six episodes were recorded at BBC Television Centre in April/May 1992, and transmission began on January 7, 1993". In the same section add a wikilink for honeymoon and adulteress.
 * 13) "the performances of Bathurst and Gillies took the scene above mere farce." Again, this may look like POV, please reword to be more encyclopedic or sourced.
 * 14) Combine some paragraphs in the series 2 section. Due the same for the next three sections.
 * 15) "Critical reception was good." Change to "Critical reception was generally positive" or something to that effect. Also if you can, see if you can find a review that may be negative of the show. This will help the reception section to not be biased in favor of the show. I'm sure all shows have some critics that don't like it.
 * 16) It is mentioned that it was entered for the Emmys. Did it win any? What categories was it nominated for?
 * 17) Add wikilink for DVD. Combine "As a professional videotape editor, Robins was able to restore and assemble the disc himself. He used a piece of freeware to transcribe the dialogue for the subtitles."
 * 18) Add more categories that describe the show; look to other British shows, or GA/FAs for examples.

This article needs the above issues to be addressed to pass. I will leave the article on hold for seven days and will pass it if everything is fixed. If you have any questions or when you finish, please let me know on my talk page and I'll get back to you as soon as I can. --Nehrams2020 08:26, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I'll see if I have time. I'm not as bothered about these little badges now. I appreciate your comments, though it might have been courteous to say something nice. The JPS talk to me  10:19, 2 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm confused about #5 -- there's a ref straight after that quotation. #11 is a quotation, immediately referenced (criticisms are always POV, and the scare quotes clearly separate the article from this POV). #16 no idea. It didn't win (hence all sources saying 'nominated'), but can't recall for what categories. It might be mentioned somewhere, but that amount of detail does not effect GA. Question about 'debuts' cat: do you reckon it should be 1991 for the pilot, or 1993 for the series proper? Added a few more cats, but there are some GAs with only a couple: unless you know of any 'divorce in popular culture' or equiv.
 * Thanks again for your thorough comments. The JPS talk to me  10:49, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Further comments
I apologize if I wasn't too courteous, I reviewed this article around 1:30 in the morning and was a bit tired. Most of the article's issues have been addressed, but please take a look at some clarifications of a few of the points found below. Once these are addressed, I should be able to pass the article.
 * Concerning point number 5, it's great that there is an inline citation but the wording of the sentence is confusing. Do you mean that he says this directly at the audition, was reflecting back on it in a later interview, or something else? For example, you could write: In a later interview Bathurst stated that "I don’t think it was entirely jocular" or "at the time, Bathurst replied "I don’t think it was entirely jocular". As it stands now, it's difficult to determine the setting of the statement.
 * For the 11th point, if it is a quote, it would probably be best to include it in quotation marks and declare who said it, just so the reader isn't initially confused or required to look at the inline citation.
 * About the issue with the Emmys, it would be best to have it clarified for the readers, but if there is no further information, then I wouldn't worry about it. I also looked at the article for the citation, and it doesn't go into detail.
 * For the categories, I just thought there should be more than one, it looked kind of bare down there. But this should be sufficient what you have added.

Some of my suggestions were not just for qualifying for GA, but just to improve the quality of the article in other aspects. The article covers the details well and it's good to see that you addressed these so quickly. Again, once you finish these, please let me know on my talk page and I'll head right over. --Nehrams2020 02:28, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you; your comments have been really helpful in improving the article. (Oh, and I commented when I was tired too, hence I might have been a bit moody.) The JPS talk to me  11:03, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

GA passed
At this point, I have passed the article as a GA according the GA criteria. Continue to improve the article, making sure all newly added information is properly sourced and neutral. Keep up the good work, and if you have the time, please consider reviewing an article or two at GAC to help with the massive backlog. --Nehrams2020 16:11, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

GA Sweeps (pass)
This article has been reviewed as part of WikiProject Good articles/Project quality task force. I made one or two minor edits - nothing worth putting the article on hold for - and there is still the odd statement that could do with an explicit citation, but I believe the article currently meets the criteria and should remain listed as a Good article. There is also one iffy link (Coupling Season 4), which is not only given as requiring registration, but seems to go to a Dr Who forum...

The article history has been updated to reflect this review. All the best, EyeSerene TALK 10:08, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Further development suggestions (as requested by User:The JPS)
To be honest, it's not easy to find issues with this article; you've done a first-class job on it. However, I've managed to pull together a few suggestions:
 * I don't think 'juxtaposes' really needs wikilinking, but obviously it's your call.
 * I'll probably keep it cause it's more of a technical term than an everyday word. None of my students yesterday knew what it meant!. The JPS talk to me  23:44, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

 * A little more detail throughout the Production section, especially in its chronology, would help to set the context for the programme. For example, when did Moffat write two series of the Press Gang? When was it suggested that he do a sitcom? When did his wife leave him? (etc...!)
 * Mmm, I'll have a closer look at series 2. The last point might be a little too personal! I don't think any interviewer dares or wants to go into the specifics. The only reliably sourced info relating to this is already included (re: Press Gang series 2). The JPS talk to me  16:11, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * What is the programme's connection with Coupling? This show is mentioned in the infobox and the article (see below), but unless a reader knows the show, this won't mean anything. ✅
 * Similarly, the article compares the programme to Seinfeld. Again, this is only meaningful if a reader is familiar with Seinfeld. Maybe both these comparisons should either be explained further or (probably the better option) removed. ✅ explained as much as RS allow. The JPS talk to me  16:26, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Some statements need explicit referencing:
 * "Moffat had been through a difficult period in his life, with his first wife having recently left him." This comes under WP:BIO, and although it may be covered by the citation in the next sentence (not sure, but that appears to me to relate only to the typewriter/foot incident), it should have its own cite.✅
 * "Other than the stand-up sequences, the second series followed a more linear structure. Moffat had experimented with non-linear narrative in Press Gang, notably the episode "Monday-Tuesday." Coupling would later use similar devices throughout the series." These contentions should really be backed up.
 * The first sentence can be supported by reviews and Moffat's commentary. The last two are not really original research. The JPS talk to me  16:11, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * "...(Jackson now admits that he was wrong)..." definitely needs citing.✅
 * The last paragraph of DVD release is unreferenced.
 * Although the prose is generally very good, it could be tweaked in places. I've made some minor alterations, mainly just fiddling with the grammar, but a proofread from the WP:LOCE wouldn't hurt.

Other than that, it looks good to me. Hope this helps! All the best, EyeSerene talk 15:31, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, once I've looked after the research and content, the grammarphiles can play with it. The JPS talk to me  16:11, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * "They have a baby, which is seen or referred to occasionally, reflecting, as Moffat observes, that it was written before he himself had children." I couldn't make sense of this. Is Moffat implying that he wrote little involving the baby because he lacked experience of children? ✅
 * One thing that gets picked up a lot at FA is short (one- or two-sentence) paragraphs. Perhaps it would be possible to merge these into their surroundings?
 * The Dr Who forum link may not only be awkward (requiring registration), but more importantly, being a forum the source may not meet WP:RS.✅

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WP:URFA/2020 notes
addressing these comments can help this article remain a featured article per WP:URFA/2020. Heartfox (talk) 21:31, 1 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Overly reliant on interviews with cast members which are not in independent sources
 * Overly reliant on unofficial website
 * Some statements did not match the source
 * Some of the independent sources do not appear to be reliable
 * Characters section does not conform to MOS:TVCAST
 * Episodes section does not conform to MOS:TVPLOT
 * The reception section does not need irrelevant comments from cast members. It is also a bit light.

title: Talk:Joking Apart


text:
User talk:Tanstaafl~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 ( t a l k )  00:31, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Thanks for uploading Image:Shakeysign1.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images (on my talk page) and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, BrokenSegue 20:51, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Kelly78 sm.jpg
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AfD nomination of Sofia Lidskog
I have nominated Sofia Lidskog, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Sofia Lidskog. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Ten Pound Hammer and his otters • (Broken clamshells • Otter chirps • HELP) 01:01, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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Proposed deletion of Kelly Parsons

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title: User talk:Tanstaafl~enwiki


text:
Robert R. Young

Robert Ralph Young (February 14, 1897 – January 25, 1958) was an American financier and industrialist. He is best known for leading the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and the New York Central Railroad during and after World War II. He was a brother-in-law of the famous western painter, Georgia O'Keeffe.

Because of his initials, R.R. Young was often labeled "Railroad" Young. He was otherwise known as the "Populist of Wall Street", or, as his press agent encouraged journalists to call him, "The Daring Young Man of Wall Street". He regarded himself as a crusader against the mismanagement of railroads by banking interests. Young's most famous advertising slogan was "A hog can cross the country without changing trains – but you can't."

Despite his vocal criticisms, at the railroads he led, Young inaugurated many forward-looking advances in technology that have ramifications to the present. He was one of the first railroad executives to introduce high-speed diesel powered passenger trains which utilized lightweight equipment. He was also involved with the first large-scale railroad computer system, as well as diversification of freight traffic and development and implementation of larger and better freight cars of all types.

Early life
Young was born on February 14, 1897, in Canadian, Hemphill County, Texas. He was the son of David John Young and Mary Arabella ( Moody) Young. His maternal grandfather was Robert Moody, builder and owner of the Moody Hotel, who is crediting with bringing banking to Oklahoma. He was educated at Culver Military Academy in Indiana and at the University of Virginia.

Early career
Young took a job as a powder-cutter at the E. I. DuPont gunpowder plant at Carneys Point, New Jersey.

At DuPont, Young worked his way up to the treasurer's office, where he learned much about finance and advertising. By 1920, he had left DuPont and speculated in securities for a short time.

Young joined General Motors (GM) in 1922 and was made assistant treasurer in 1928. He soon became associated with GM head John J. Raskob, and left GM to handle Raskob's finances, when Raskob, who though a former Republican had been chairman of the Democratic National Committee, took a sabbatical to manage Al Smith's presidential campaign against Herbert C. Hoover.

Early in 1929 Raskob vehemently disagreed with Young's predictions of a stock market crash, and the two men parted company. Subsequently, Young netted a fortune selling stocks short of their earlier value.

In 1931, Young formed a brokerage partnership with Frank Kolbe and bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange in order to speculate in stocks.

Film
Young acquired First Division Pictures in 1935, a distributor based in five cities in the Eastern United States, and hired future United Artists chairman Robert S. Benjamin as a lawyer. He expanded his film interest into laboratory work, as an affiliate of DuPont, national distribution and financing productions. In 1943 he acquired Producers Releasing Corporation, a B-movie production company, also known as PRC Pictures. In 1947, PRC was sold to Eagle-Lion Films.

Young continued to own Pathé Laboratories, a motion picture processing laboratory.

Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
In 1942, in alliance with Allan P. Kirby, a retail merchant, Young owned a controlling interest in the Alleghany Corporation, a railroad holding company previously owned by the Cleveland-based Van Sweringen family, which controlled the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, Pere Marquette Railroad, and other railroad properties.

By the end of World War II, C&O was poised to help America during its great growth during the following decades, and at mid-century was truly a line of national importance. It became more so, at least in the public eye through Young, who became "the gadfly of the rails" as he challenged old methods of financing and operating railroads, and inaugurated many forward-looking advances in technology that have ramifications to the present.

As chairman of the board of the C&O, Young launched a well-publicized campaign for the modernization of railroad passenger service. He was one of the first railroad executives to introduce lightweight, high-speed diesel passenger trains.

He served as a delegate from Rhode Island to the Republican National Convention in 1944.

In 1945, Young and Cyrus S. Eaton assembled $43,000,000 in a bid to purchase the Pullman Company operating pool, in the wake of a court decision that forced Pullman to divest that portion of its business. Their bid ultimately failed when a Philadelphia court, acting on recommendations from the ICC, awarded the railcar operations to a consortium of the large railroads.

Young changed the C&O's herald (logo) to "C&O for Progress" to embody his ideas that C&O would lead the industry to a new day. He installed a well-staffed research and development department, which came up with ideas for passenger service that are thought to be futuristic even now, and for freight service that would challenge the growth of trucking. Fortune magazine wrote, "Young has an almost endless inventory of ideas, some pneumatic and some substantial, about passenger service. He believes that the railroads could double any previous passenger revenues if they put out a good product and merchandised it well..."

During the Young era and subsequently, C&O was headed by Cyrus S. Eaton and Walter J. Tuohy, under whose control the "For Progress" theme continued, though in a more muted way after the departure of Young. During that time, C&O installed the first large computer system in railroading, developed larger and better freight cars of all types, switched (reluctantly) from steam to diesel motive power, and diversified its traffic, which had already occurred in 1947 when it merged Pere Marquette, of Michigan and Ontario, Canada, which had been controlled by the C&O since Van Sweringen days, into the system. The PM's huge automotive industry traffic, taking raw materials in and finished vehicles out, gave C&O some protection from the swings in the coal trade, making merchandise traffic 50% of the company's haulage.

Mr. Young was jointly awarded the inaugural Horatio Alger Award for initiative and excellence in 1947.

New York Central

In the early 1950s, Young turned his attention to the New York Central Railroad. In 1954, after a long proxy struggle and with the aid of Clint Murchison Sr. and Sid Williams Richardson, Young gained control of the NYC and became the chairman of its board.

The dreams of Young and innovative Alfred E. Perlman, whom he selected to become president of the NYC, to form a true transcontinental line were frustrated by antitrust suits and by lack of interest on the part of the western lines to merge with the nearly bankrupt NYC. Many of Young's friends and smaller investors lost money as NYC stock prices fell.

Personal life
On April 27, 1916, he married Anita Ten Eyck O'Keeffe (1892–1985), sister of Georgia O'Keeffe and artist Ida O'Keeffe. Her parents, Francis Calyxtus O'Keeffe and Ida ( Totto) O'Keeffe, were Wisconsin dairy farmers. Her maternal grandfather, George Victor Totto, was a Hungarian count who came to the United States in 1848. Robert and Anita had one daughter who became one of the much-publicized "Glamour Debutantes" of the Great Depression-era:

 * Eleanor "Cookie" Young (1912–1941), who married Robert Ogden "Bunty" Bacon in early 1939. They divorced in December 1939, and she died in 1941 in a plane crash with Nicholas Embiricos.

Among his circle of friends were the Duke and Duchess of Windsor and Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal. Young maintained offices and an apartment in New York City. However, he preferred to do most of his office work in the privacy of the den of his mansion at Newport, Rhode Island. After renting Beechwood for a number of years from Vincent Astor, he bought Fairholme, the former John R. Drexel estate, from Count and Countess Alfonso P. Villa (after Astor sold Beechwood to Allene Tew and her fifth husband, Count Pavel de Kotzebue). In 1946, the Youngs purchased the 200-acre former McCorrie Farm from Mrs. Howard G. Cushing, the 45-acre Anthony Farm and the 185-acre Oakland Farm in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, the former estate of Gov. and Mrs. William Henry Vanderbilt III. Oakland Farm was sold and divided into housing lots by the end of the 1940s.

Death
On January 25, 1958, Young, who had suffered from depression for more than fifteen years, committed suicide at The Towers, his winter mansion in Palm Beach, Florida. After his death, his widow razed the mansion and built a new one, Montsorrel. The property was sold to Nelson Peltz after Anita's death.

He is interred in St. Mary's Episcopal Cemetery in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Oddly, Young had helped to restore an old cemetery in Canadian, which was renamed in honor of his aunt, Edith Ford, who had helped to rear him after the early death of his mother. That graveyard is today known as the Edith Ford Cemeteries.

title: Robert R. Young


text:
Fock matrix

In the Hartree–Fock method of quantum mechanics, the Fock matrix is a matrix approximating the single-electron energy operator of a given quantum system in a given set of basis vectors. It is most often formed in computational chemistry when attempting to solve the Roothaan equations for an atomic or molecular system. The Fock matrix is actually an approximation to the true Hamiltonian operator of the quantum system. It includes the effects of electron-electron repulsion only in an average way. Because the Fock operator is a one-electron operator, it does not include the electron correlation energy.

The Fock matrix is defined by the Fock operator. In its general form the Fock operator writes:
 * $$\hat F(i) = \hat h(i)+\sum_{ j=1 }^{N} [\hat J_j(i)-\hat K_j(i)]$$

Where i runs over the total N spin orbitals. In the closed-shell case, it can be simplified by considering only the spatial orbitals. Noting that the $$\hat J$$ terms are duplicated and the exchange terms are null between different spins. For the restricted case which assumes closed-shell orbitals and single- determinantal wavefunctions, the Fock operator for the i-th electron is given by:

 * $$\hat F(i) = \hat h(i)+\sum_{ j=1 }^{n/2}[2 \hat J_j(i)-\hat

K_j(i)]$$

where:

 * $$\hat F(i)$$ is the Fock operator for the i-th electron in the system,

 * $${\hat h}(i)$$ is the one-electron Hamiltonian for the i-th electron,

 * $$n$$ is the number of electrons and $$ \frac{n}{2} $$ is the number of occupied orbitals in the closed-shell system,

 * $$\hat J_j(i)$$ is the Coulomb operator, defining the repulsive force between the j-th and i-th electrons in the system,

 * $$\hat K_j(i)$$ is the exchange operator, defining the quantum effect produced by exchanging two electrons.

The Coulomb operator is multiplied by two since there are two electrons in each occupied orbital. The exchange operator is not multiplied by two since it has a non-zero result only for electrons which have the same spin as the i-th electron.

For systems with unpaired electrons there are many choices of Fock matrices.

title: Fock matrix


text:
User talk:CAV~enwiki

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will normally be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. - Ta bu shi da yu 00:34, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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title: User talk:CAV~enwiki


text:
Open Source Vulnerability Database

The Open Sourced Vulnerability Database (OSVDB) was an independent and open-sourced vulnerability database. The goal of the project was to provide accurate, detailed, current, and unbiased technical information on security vulnerabilities. The project promoted greater and more open collaboration between companies and individuals. The database's motto was "Everything is Vulnerable".

The core of OSVDB was a relational database which tied various information about security vulnerabilities into a common, cross-referenced open security data source. As of December 2013, the database cataloged over 100,000 vulnerabilities. While the database was maintained by a 501(c)(3) non-profit public organization and volunteers, the data was prohibited for commercial use without a license. Despite that, many large commercial companies used the data in violation of the license without contributing employee volunteer time or financial compensation.

History
The project was started in August 2002 at the Blackhat and DEF CON Conferences by several industry notables (including H. D. Moore, rain.forest.puppy, and others). Under mostly-new management, the database officially launched to the public on March 31, 2004. The original implementation was written in PHP by Forrest Rae (FBR). Later, the entire site was re-written in Ruby on Rails by David Shettler.

The Open Security Foundation (OSF) was created to ensure the project's continuing support. Jake Kouns (Zel), Chris Sullo, Kelly Todd (AKA Lyger), David Shettler (AKA D2D), and Brian Martin (AKA Jericho) were project leaders for the OSVDB project, and held leadership roles in the OSF at various times.

On 5 April 2016, the database was shut down, while the blog was initially continued by Brian Martin. The reason for the shut down was the ongoing commercial but uncompensated use by security companies.

As of January 2012, vulnerability entry was performed by full-time employees of Risk Based Security, who provided the personnel to do the work in order to give back to the community. Every new entry included a full title, disclosure timeline, description, solution (if known), classification metadata, references, products, and researcher who discovered the vulnerability (creditee).

Process
Originally, vulnerability disclosures posted in various security lists and web sites were entered into the database as a new entry in the New Data Mangler (NDM) queue. The new entry contained only a title and links to the disclosure. At that stage the page for the new entry didn't contain any detailed description of the vulnerability or any associated metadata. As time permitted, new entries were analyzed and refined, by adding a description of the vulnerability as well as a solution if available. This general activity was called "data mangling" and someone who performed this task a "mangler". Mangling was done by core or casual volunteers. Details submitted by volunteers were reviewed by the core volunteers, called "moderators", further refining the entry or rejecting the volunteer changes if necessary. New information added to an entry that was approved was then available to anyone browsing the site.

Contributors
Some of the key people that volunteered and maintained OSVDB:

 * Jake Kouns (Officer of OSF, Moderator)
 * Brian Martin (Officer of OSF, Moderator)
 * Kelly Todd (Officer of OSF, Moderator)
 * David Shettler (Officer of OSF, Developer)
 * Chris Sullo (Moderator)
 * Forrest Rae (Developer)

Other volunteers who have helped in the past include:

 * Steve Tornio (Moderator)
 * Alexander Koren (Mangler)
 * Travis Schack (Mangler)
 * Susam Pal (Mangler)
 * Christian Seifert (Mangler)
 * Zain Memon

title: Open Source Vulnerability Database


text:
M-10000

The M-10000 was an early American streamlined passenger trainset that operated for the Union Pacific Railroad from 1934 until 1941. It was the first streamlined passenger train to be delivered in the United States, and the second to enter regular service after the Pioneer Zephyr of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.

Development
The M-10000 car design built upon the efforts of William Bushnell Stout, an early designer of all-metal airplanes, who adapted fuselage design ideas to the Railplane (not to be confused with the Bennie Railplane), a lightweight self-propelled railcar built by Pullman-Standard in 1932. The tapered car cross-section, lightweight tubular aluminum space frame construction, and Duralumin skin of the Railplane were carried over into the M-10000 design. The performance of the Railplane in testing drew the attention of Union Pacific, who sought the services of Pullman-Standard in building a small, lightweight streamlined trainset for mainline service. Union Pacific ordered M-10000 from Pullman in May 1933 at a cost of $230,997, following an analysis of passenger traffic that concluded new, more cost effective equipment than heavyweight passenger cars and steam locomotives was required for maintaining profitability, especially on low-traffic routes. The streamlined body was developed from a series of wind tunnel tests that were carried out at the University of Michigan.

The Electro-Motive Corporation (EMC) developed the internal combustion-electric propulsion system powered by a 600 hp spark-ignition engine. As was their practice as a system engineering firm at the time, they contracted manufacture of the components of their systems to primary equipment manufacturers. General Motors' Cleveland subsidiary, the Winton Engine Corporation, provided the prime mover. The air brake compressor, main generator, traction motors and control equipment were manufactured by the General Electric Company. Skepticism that development efforts for diesel engines underway in the early 1930s would provide timely release of an engine adequate for high speed rail service led to use of a spark-ignition distillate engine. Trucks were strongly influenced by German passenger bogie design, as investigated by Union Pacific chief engineer A.H. Fetters.

Design
The M-10000 was a three-car trainset, with a combined power/baggage/railway post office car and two trailing passenger coaches. The power car measured 71 ft long, followed by coaches measuring 58 ft and 71 ft. Including the space between cars, the trainset had a total length of 204 ft, with a width of 9 ft and a height of 11 ft at the cab; the coaches were 1 ft shorter. The trainset was articulated using shared Jacobs bogies to reduce weight, making the train operate as one integrated unit rather than as a separable locomotive and cars. The integrated-body-and-frame construction using aluminum reduced the required structural weight to a fraction of that for conventional body-on-frame railcars, and the trainset's total weight of 85 t was about the same as a single passenger coach of the time.

The power car featured an elevated "turret cab" behind a nose featuring a large vertically-divided air intake grille formed by parabolic arches. On the roof of the cab were a headlamp and a vertical marker light. The train was powered by a single 600 hp spark-ignited distillate-burning engine built by the General Motors subsidiary Winton Engine Corporation driving a generator that powered two traction motors on the leading truck of the power car. The two passenger coaches each had a capacity of 60 people; the last coach also included a small galley at the rear end to prepare meals that were served at passengers' seats. Original livery consisted of Armour Yellow sides with a Leaf Brown nose, roof, rear, and lower panels, with red striping separating the two main colors. The nose was subsequently painted Armour Yellow consistent with other early Union Pacific streamliners.

Service history
The trainset was delivered on February 12, 1934, and was sent on a publicity tour across the US, during which about a million people toured it and its stops became local media sensations. During its 13000 mi exhibition tour across the US as The Streamliner, where it hit a top speed of 110 mph (177 km/h) during its journey, it visited Washington DC for inspection by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The popular train was put on display at the 1934 World's Fair ("A Century of Progress") in Chicago from May 26 to October 31, 1934. It was somewhat overshadowed by the other lightweight streamliner, the diesel-powered Burlington Zephyr, which entered the fair after a record-setting "Dawn to Dusk Dash" speed run from Denver to Chicago, in time to arrive at the "Wings of a Century" transportation pageant. During its testing, demonstration, and display periods, the M-10000 trainset included the sleeper car Overland Trail, which was removed from the consist prior to revenue service and added to Union Pacific's next streamliner, M-10001.

M-10000 was placed in revenue service between Kansas City, Missouri and Salina, Kansas as The Streamliner on January 31, 1935. It was subsequently named City of Salina as Union Pacific adopted the "City of..." convention for its new streamliners, but was also nicknamed the "Tin Worm" or "Little Zip". It operated until December 1941, by which time its engine, after powering the train for approximately 995,000 miles, required replacement that was deemed prohibitively expensive. The trainset was scrapped the following year, with its aluminum recycled for use in the wartime aircraft industry.

Legacy
Union Pacific commissioned five diesel-powered streamliners during 1934–1936, evolved from the M-10000 design. The color scheme originated with M-10000 was used for UP's later streamliners, and changed incrementally to the Armour Yellow and Harbor Mist Gray livery that became UP's standard. The "Streamliner" name for M-10000 became the general term for locomotives and passenger trains styled with clean lines and an aerodynamic look. The high-mounted, behind-the-nose cab design originated with M-10000 was later adopted for EMC's E-Series and F-Series locomotives, although without the front-mounted air intake. Integrated-body-and-frame, or carbody, designs became standard for rail equipment where weight was a concern, such as early mainline diesel locomotives, passenger cars, urban mass transit rail, and high speed passenger rail.

In popular culture
In the 1937 children's book "Choo Choo: The Story Of An Engine Who Ran Away" by Virginia Lee Burton, an M-10000 is cast as the streamliner train that helps Choo Choo's crew pursue the title engine after she runs away. Once Choo Choo is found on an old unused track, her engineer, Jim, uses a chain to help the streamliner tow Choo Choo back to the big city as the M-10000 lacks couplers.

title: M-10000


text:
Morrison

Morrison may refer to:

People

 * Morrison (surname), people with the Scottish surname Morrison
 * Morrison Heady (1829–1915), American poet
 * Morrison Mann MacBride (1877–1938), Canadian merchant

Places in the United States

 * Morrison, Colorado
 * Morrison, Illinois
 * Morrison, Iowa
 * Morrison, Missouri
 * Morrison, Oklahoma
 * Morrison, Tennessee
 * Morrison, Wisconsin, a town
 * Morrison (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Morrison County, Minnesota
 * Morrison Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota

Other uses

 * Clan Morrison, a Scottish clan
 * Morrison Formation, a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock in the western United States
 * Morrison Hall, a residential hall at the University of Hong Kong
 * Webb Horton House, now known as Morrison Hall
 * Morrison Lake (disambiguation)
 * Morrison, a 19th-century American merchant ship of the Morrison Incident
 * USS Morrison (DD-560), a Fletcher-class destroyer sunk in the Pacific in 1945
 * Verticordia nitens, a flowering plant commonly known as Morrison

title: Morrison


text:
Kansas City Attack

The Kansas City Attack, previously the Atlanta Attack and later known as the Kansas City Comets, were an indoor soccer team based for most of its existence in Kansas City, Missouri. In its various incarnations the franchise played in the National Professional Soccer League from 1989–2001 and the second Major Indoor Soccer League from 2001–2005. They played their home games at the Municipal Auditorium and later Kemper Arena.

History
The franchise originated as the Atlanta Attack, which joined the American Indoor Soccer Association as an expansion team based in Atlanta, Georgia in 1989. In 1990 the league changed its name to the National Professional Soccer League. In 1991 the team relocated to Kansas City, Missouri, which had just lost its prolific Major Indoor Soccer League team, becoming the Kansas City Attack. The Attack played their first season at the Municipal Auditorium and moved into Kemper Arena in 1992.

The 1992–93 season was also the first of two national NPSL championship years for the Attack with Rookie Eddie Carmean scoring the game winning goal in the semi-final overtime to send the Attack to finals for the first time.

Kansas City was one of the more successful of the NPSL's teams, though the league itself declined in the late 1990s. In 2001 the league disbanded, and Kansas City and the NPSL's five other remaining teams formed a new league, the second Major Indoor Soccer League. At this time the team renamed itself the Kansas City Comets, after the city's original indoor soccer team. In 2005 the franchise announced that it would not play in the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 seasons, but hoped to reform thereafter. However, the team did not reorganize by the time the second MISL folded in 2008.

In 2010, the Missouri Comets, based in nearby Independence, joined the third Major Indoor Soccer League as an expansion team, carrying on the Comets name.

Honors
Championships
 * 1992–1993 NPSL Champions
 * 1996–1997 NPSL Champions

Division titles
 * 1995–1996 National Division
 * 1999–2000 Midwest Division

Head coaches

 * Keith Tozer 1991–1992
 * Zoran Savic 1992–1996
 * Jim Schwab 1996–2000
 * Zoran Savic 2000–2005

Arenas

 * The Omni 1989–1991
 * Municipal Auditorium 1991–1992
 * Kemper Arena 1992–2005

title: Kansas City Attack


text: User talk:65.2.79.198

title: User talk:65.2.79.198