text:
Talk:Constitution of India

You guys need to update the our Constitution Preamble. Please add very important and valuable pillar of our Constitution. Secular and Socialist. Don’t misguide our people. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.209.192.186 (talk) 15:20, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 August 2021
Change {(ambiguous)} to 72.86.39.245 (talk) 16:59, 12 August 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅.   Ganbaruby!   (talk) 17:04, 12 August 2021 (UTC)

789000 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 117.195.242.70 (talk) 16:23, 3 May 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 October 2021
My request to change in this article is that, the constitution of India has been amended 105 times not 104 times, and the latest amendment has taken place on 10th August 2021. So please edit it and make it correct. Thankyou 2409:4063:2010:D8DB:7C42:6CCE:2E59:9DFA (talk) 03:52, 7 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. — Sirdog (talk) 20:47, 7 October 2021 (UTC)

Original research in amendment section
I will delete the false claim that the 24th Amendment invalidated the legislative amendment powers via 368 (1). It cannot even remotely be inferred from the editor's source, the A.K. Roy decision pages 311 & 312. There is indeed no mention of said powers anywhere in the decision. Elsewhere, the Court explicitly affirms them:

"…the Constitution can be amended not only under Article 368 but also under Article 4, Article 169, Paragraph 7 of Schedule V and Paragraph 21 of Schedule VI. Amendments under these provisions can be effected by Parliament by a simple majority vote…" (Kesavananda 665). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pennythugginit (talk • contribs) 05:29, 8 December 2021 (UTC)

The constitution of India was led by Shantiniketan's famous painter Nandalal Bose and Prem Bihari Narayan Rai Zada adorned the text. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jurist Alto (talk • contribs) 16:49, 2 February 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 March 2022
[added period]

change " healthcare, agriculture, elections, and more[101] " to " healthcare, agriculture, elections, and more.[101] " Rowboat10 (talk) 01:59, 1 March 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ Happy Editing-- IAm Chaos  04:41, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 April 2022
In the structure section - Part IXB – Co-operative societies[57] – Articles 243(H) to 243(ZT). Here, articles should be 243(ZH) to 243(ZT). Pranavpandey10e11 (talk) 10:18, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

 * ✅ Thank you --Krutarth (talk) 12:09, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 September 2022
link added whereby constitution of india local editions is mentioned. KannanSivaram (talk) 14:48, 17 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. RudolfRed (talk) 19:28, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 October 2022
The 4th paragraph has a line stating "The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi." This is factually incorrect. The gas is not helium but it is nitrogen. Hence the line can be changed to "The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a nitrogen-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi."

It seems most of the websites on top of Google have copied this fact from the incorrect wiki article. Here is the original reliable source from Indian Parliament digital library stating the correct fact - https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/764132/1/jpi_September_2000.pdf (Please search for "nitrogen" when you open the link in a browser) Ajonit (talk) 07:58, 3 October 2022 (UTC)

✅ Thanks! 3mi1y (talk) 22:31, 17 October 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 November 2022
Change the image of the preamble of Indian constitution to latest and updated image. That changes were later made in the constitution. 103.191.204.79 (talk) 05:53, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Actualcpscm (talk) 11:59, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 December 2022
change "The constitution has a preamble and 470 articles to The constitution has a preamble and 448 articles" Santhoshkoluguru (talk) 13:12, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Lemonaka (talk) 16:39, 30 December 2022 (UTC)

Articles on the Articles of the Constitution?
Sorry if this is not supposed to be discussed here but shouldn't each article have its own page on Wikipedia? The American constitution has pages on Wikipedia for each of its articles. PrathuCoder (talk) 11:07, 8 January 2023 (UTC)
 * see Template:Constitution of India. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 04:42, 7 March 2023 (UTC)
 * @Aman.kumar.goel, I have seen it, but the articles are not shown in the template. PrathuCoder (talk) 17:42, 11 March 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 May 2023
The Constitution of India (IAST: Bhāratīya Saṃvidhāna) is the supreme law of India.[2][3] The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in the world.[4][5][6]

It imparts constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble.[7] Parliament cannot override the constitution.

B. R. Ambedkar and Constitution of India on a 2015 postage stamp of India It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950.[8] The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395.[9] India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day.[10]

The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular,[11] and democratic republic, assures its citizens justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity.[12] The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a nitrogen-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi.[13]

Background A smiling Babasaheb Ambedkar and Rajendra Prasad Babasaheb Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, presenting the final draft of the Indian constitution to Constituent Assembly president Rajendra Prasad on 25 November 1949 In 1928, the All Parties Conference convened a committee in Lucknow to prepare the Constitution of India, which was known as the Nehru Report.[14]

With the exception of scattered French and Portuguese exclaves, India was under the British rule from 1858 to 1947. From 1947 to 1950, the same legislation continued to be implemented as India was a dominion of United Kingdom for these three years, as each princely state was convinced by Sardar Patel and V. P. Menon to sign the articles of integration with India, and the British Government continued to be responsible for the external security of the country.[15] Thus, the constitution of India repealed the Indian Independence Act 1947 and Government of India Act 1935 when it became effective on 26 January 1950. India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign, democratic republic with the constitution. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393, and 394 of the constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and the remaining articles became effective on 26 January 1950 which is celebrated every year in India as Republic Day.[16]

Previous legislation The constitution was drawn from a number of sources. Mindful of India's needs and conditions, its framers borrowed features of previous legislation such as the Government of India Act 1858, the Indian Councils Acts of 1861, 1892 and 1909, the Government of India Acts 1919 and 1935, and the Indian Independence Act 1947. The latter, which led to the creation of Pakistan, divided the former Constituent Assembly in two. The Amendment act of 1935 is also a very important step for making the constitution for two new born countries. Each new assembly had sovereign power to draft and enact a new constitution for the separate states.[17]

Constituent Assembly Main article: Constituent Assembly of India Many men in a room 1950 Constituent Assembly meeting The constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by elected members of the provincial assemblies.[18] The 389-member assembly (reduced to 299 after the partition of India) took almost three years to draft the constitution holding eleven sessions over a 165-day period.[4][17]

In the constitution assembly, a member of the drafting committee, T. T. Krishnamachari said:

Mr. President, Sir, I am one of those in the House who have listened to Dr. Ambedkar very carefully. I am aware of the amount of work and enthusiasm that he has brought to bear on the work of drafting this Constitution. At the same time, I do realise that that amount of attention that was necessary for the purpose of drafting a constitution so important to us at this moment has not been given to it by the Drafting Committee. The House is perhaps aware that of the seven members nominated by you, one had resigned from the House and was replaced. One died and was not replaced. One was away in America and his place was not filled up and another person was engaged in State affairs, and there was a void to that extent. One or two people were far away from Delhi and perhaps reasons of health did not permit them to attend. So it happened ultimately that the burden of drafting this constitution fell on Dr. Ambedkar and I have no doubt that we are grateful to him for having achieved this task in a manner which is undoubtedly commendable.[19][20]

B. R. Ambedkar in his concluding speech in constituent assembly on 25 November 1949 stated that:[21]

The credit that is given to me does not really belong to me. It belongs partly to Sir B.N. Rau the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly who prepared a rough draft of the Constitution for the consideration of Drafting Committee.

While deliberating the revised draft constitution, the assembly moved, discussed and disposed off 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635.[17][22]

Timeline of formation of the Constitution of India Question book-new.svg This section relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources at this section. (November 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 6 December 1946: Formation of the Constitution Assembly (in accordance with French practice). 9 December 1946: The first meeting was held in the constitution hall (now the Central Hall of Parliament House).[23] The 1st person to address was J. B. Kripalani, Sachchidananda Sinha became temporary president. (Demanding a separate state, the Muslim League boycotted the meeting.) 11 December 1946: The Assembly appointed Rajendra Prasad as its president,[23] H. C. Mukherjee as its vice-president and, B. N. Rau as constitutional legal adviser. (There were initially 389 members in total, which declined to 299 after partition. Out of the 389 members, 292 were from government provinces, four from chief commissioner provinces and 93 from princely states.) 13 December 1946: An "Objective Resolution" was presented by Jawaharlal Nehru,[23] laying down the underlying principles of the constitution. This later became the Preamble of the Constitution. 22 January 1947: Objective resolution unanimously adopted.[23] 22 July 1947: National flag adopted. 15 August 1947: Achieved independence. India split into the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. 29 August 1947: Drafting Committee appointed with B. R. Ambedkar as its Chairman.[23] The other six members of committee were K.M. Munshi, Muhammed Sadulla, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, Devi Prasad Khaitan[24] and BL Mitter.[25] 16 July 1948: Along with Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, V. T. Krishnamachari was also elected as second vice-president of Constituent Assembly. 26 November 1949: The Constitution of India was passed and adopted by the assembly.[23] 24 January 1950: Last meeting of Constituent Assembly. The Constitution was signed and accepted (with 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, and 22 Parts). 26 January 1950: The Constitution came into force. (The process took 2 years, 11 months and 17 days—at a total expenditure of ₹6.4 million to finish.) G. V. Mavlankar was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament) after India turned into a republic.

Membership B. R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Abul Kalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, and Balwantrai Mehta were key figures in the assembly,[4][17] which had over 30 representatives of the scheduled classes. Frank Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community,[4] and the Parsis were represented by H. P. Modi.[4] Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian assembly vice-president, chaired the minorities committee and represented non-Anglo-Indian Christians.[4] Ari Bahadur Gurung represented the Gorkha community.[4] Judges, such as Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Benegal Narsing Rau, K. M. Munshi and Ganesh Mavlankar were members of the assembly.[4] Female members included Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Amrit Kaur and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.[4]

The first, two-day president of the assembly was Sachchidananda Sinha; Rajendra Prasad was later elected president.[17][18] It met for the first time on 9 December 1946.[4][18][26]

Drafting Sir B. N. Rau, a civil servant who became the first Indian judge in the International Court of Justice and was president of the United Nations Security Council, was appointed as the assembly's constitutional adviser in 1946.[27] Responsible for the constitution's general structure, Rau prepared its initial draft in February 1948.[27][28][29] The draft of B.N. Rau consisted of 243 articles and 13 schedules which came to 395 articles and 8 schedules after discussions, debates and amendments.[30]

At 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly, committees were proposed.[18] Rau's draft was considered, debated and amended by the eight-person drafting committee, which was appointed on 29 August 1947 with B. R. Ambedkar as chair.[4][26] A revised draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the assembly on 4 November 1947.[26]

Before adopting the constitution, the assembly held eleven sessions in 165 days.[4][17] On 26 November 1949, it adopted the constitution,[4][17][26][29][31] which was signed by 284 members.[4][17][26][29][31] The day is celebrated as National Law Day,[4][32] or Constitution Day.[4][33] The day was chosen to spread the importance of the constitution and to spread thoughts and ideas of Ambedkar.[34]

A bespectacled Jawaharlal Nehru bending over a large book Jawaharlal Nehru signing the constitution The assembly's final session convened on 24 January 1950. Each member signed two copies of the constitution, one in Hindi and the other in English.[4][17][29] The original constitution is hand-written, with each page decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose.[26][29] Its calligrapher was Prem Behari Narain Raizada.[26] The constitution was published in Dehradun and photolithographed by the Survey of India. Production of the original constitution took nearly five years. Two days later, on 26 January 1950, it became the law of India.[26][35] The estimated cost of the Constituent Assembly was ₹6.3 crore.[17] The constitution has had more than 100 amendments since it was enacted.[36] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ayesha 1120 (talk • contribs) 12:59, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 May 2023 (2)
The Constitution of India (IAST: Bhāratīya Saṃvidhāna) is the supreme law of India.[2][3] The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in the world.[4][5][6]

It imparts constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble.[7] Parliament cannot override the constitution.

B. R. Ambedkar and Constitution of India on a 2015 postage stamp of India It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950.[8] The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395.[9] India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day.[10]

The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular,[11] and democratic republic, assures its citizens justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity.[12] The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a nitrogen-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi.[13]

Background A smiling Babasaheb Ambedkar and Rajendra Prasad Babasaheb Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, presenting the final draft of the Indian constitution to Constituent Assembly president Rajendra Prasad on 25 November 1949 In 1928, the All Parties Conference convened a committee in Lucknow to prepare the Constitution of India, which was known as the Nehru Report.[14]

With the exception of scattered French and Portuguese exclaves, India was under the British rule from 1858 to 1947. From 1947 to 1950, the same legislation continued to be implemented as India was a dominion of United Kingdom for these three years, as each princely state was convinced by Sardar Patel and V. P. Menon to sign the articles of integration with India, and the British Government continued to be responsible for the external security of the country.[15] Thus, the constitution of India repealed the Indian Independence Act 1947 and Government of India Act 1935 when it became effective on 26 January 1950. India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign, democratic republic with the constitution. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393, and 394 of the constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and the remaining articles became effective on 26 January 1950 which is celebrated every year in India as Republic Day.[16]

Previous legislation The constitution was drawn from a number of sources. Mindful of India's needs and conditions, its framers borrowed features of previous legislation such as the Government of India Act 1858, the Indian Councils Acts of 1861, 1892 and 1909, the Government of India Acts 1919 and 1935, and the Indian Independence Act 1947. The latter, which led to the creation of Pakistan, divided the former Constituent Assembly in two. The Amendment act of 1935 is also a very important step for making the constitution for two new born countries. Each new assembly had sovereign power to draft and enact a new constitution for the separate states.[17]

Constituent Assembly Main article: Constituent Assembly of India Many men in a room 1950 Constituent Assembly meeting The constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by elected members of the provincial assemblies.[18] The 389-member assembly (reduced to 299 after the partition of India) took almost three years to draft the constitution holding eleven sessions over a 165-day period.[4][17]

In the constitution assembly, a member of the drafting committee, T. T. Krishnamachari said:

Mr. President, Sir, I am one of those in the House who have listened to Dr. Ambedkar very carefully. I am aware of the amount of work and enthusiasm that he has brought to bear on the work of drafting this Constitution. At the same time, I do realise that that amount of attention that was necessary for the purpose of drafting a constitution so important to us at this moment has not been given to it by the Drafting Committee. The House is perhaps aware that of the seven members nominated by you, one had resigned from the House and was replaced. One died and was not replaced. One was away in America and his place was not filled up and another person was engaged in State affairs, and there was a void to that extent. One or two people were far away from Delhi and perhaps reasons of health did not permit them to attend. So it happened ultimately that the burden of drafting this constitution fell on Dr. Ambedkar and I have no doubt that we are grateful to him for having achieved this task in a manner which is undoubtedly commendable.[19][20]

B. R. Ambedkar in his concluding speech in constituent assembly on 25 November 1949 stated that:[21]

The credit that is given to me does not really belong to me. It belongs partly to Sir B.N. Rau the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly who prepared a rough draft of the Constitution for the consideration of Drafting Committee.

While deliberating the revised draft constitution, the assembly moved, discussed and disposed off 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635.[17][22]

Timeline of formation of the Constitution of India Question book-new.svg This section relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources at this section. (November 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 6 December 1946: Formation of the Constitution Assembly (in accordance with French practice). 9 December 1946: The first meeting was held in the constitution hall (now the Central Hall of Parliament House).[23] The 1st person to address was J. B. Kripalani, Sachchidananda Sinha became temporary president. (Demanding a separate state, the Muslim League boycotted the meeting.) 11 December 1946: The Assembly appointed Rajendra Prasad as its president,[23] H. C. Mukherjee as its vice-president and, B. N. Rau as constitutional legal adviser. (There were initially 389 members in total, which declined to 299 after partition. Out of the 389 members, 292 were from government provinces, four from chief commissioner provinces and 93 from princely states.) 13 December 1946: An "Objective Resolution" was presented by Jawaharlal Nehru,[23] laying down the underlying principles of the constitution. This later became the Preamble of the Constitution. 22 January 1947: Objective resolution unanimously adopted.[23] 22 July 1947: National flag adopted. 15 August 1947: Achieved independence. India split into the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. 29 August 1947: Drafting Committee appointed with B. R. Ambedkar as its Chairman.[23] The other six members of committee were K.M. Munshi, Muhammed Sadulla, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, Devi Prasad Khaitan[24] and BL Mitter.[25] 16 July 1948: Along with Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, V. T. Krishnamachari was also elected as second vice-president of Constituent Assembly. 26 November 1949: The Constitution of India was passed and adopted by the assembly.[23] 24 January 1950: Last meeting of Constituent Assembly. The Constitution was signed and accepted (with 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, and 22 Parts). 26 January 1950: The Constitution came into force. (The process took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days—at a total expenditure of ₹6.4 million to finish.) G. V. Mavlankar was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament) after India turned into a republic.

Membership B. R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Abul Kalam Azad, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, and Balwantrai Mehta were key figures in the assembly,[4][17] which had over 30 representatives of the scheduled classes. Frank Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community,[4] and the Parsis were represented by H. P. Modi.[4] Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian assembly vice-president, chaired the minorities committee and represented non-Anglo-Indian Christians.[4] Ari Bahadur Gurung represented the Gorkha community.[4] Judges, such as Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Benegal Narsing Rau, K. M. Munshi and Ganesh Mavlankar were members of the assembly.[4] Female members included Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Amrit Kaur and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.[4]

The first, two-day president of the assembly was Sachchidananda Sinha; Rajendra Prasad was later elected president.[17][18] It met for the first time on 9 December 1946.[4][18][26]

Drafting Sir B. N. Rau, a civil servant who became the first Indian judge in the International Court of Justice and was president of the United Nations Security Council, was appointed as the assembly's constitutional adviser in 1946.[27] Responsible for the constitution's general structure, Rau prepared its initial draft in February 1948.[27][28][29] The draft of B.N. Rau consisted of 243 articles and 13 schedules which came to 395 articles and 8 schedules after discussions, debates and amendments.[30]

At 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly, committees were proposed.[18] Rau's draft was considered, debated and amended by the eight-person drafting committee, which was appointed on 29 August 1947 with B. R. Ambedkar as chair.[4][26] A revised draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the assembly on 4 November 1947.[26]

Before adopting the constitution, the assembly held eleven sessions in 165 days.[4][17] On 26 November 1949, it adopted the constitution,[4][17][26][29][31] which was signed by 284 members.[4][17][26][29][31] The day is celebrated as National Law Day,[4][32] or Constitution Day.[4][33] The day was chosen to spread the importance of the constitution and to spread thoughts and ideas of Ambedkar.[34]

A bespectacled Jawaharlal Nehru bending over a large book Jawaharlal Nehru signing the constitution The assembly's final session convened on 24 January 1950. Each member signed two copies of the constitution, one in Hindi and the other in English.[4][17][29] The original constitution is hand-written, with each page decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including Beohar Rammanohar Sinha and Nandalal Bose.[26][29] Its calligrapher was Prem Behari Narain Raizada.[26] The constitution was published in Dehradun and photolithographed by the Survey of India. Production of the original constitution took nearly five years. Two days later, on 26 January 1950, it became the law of India.[26][35] The estimated cost of the Constituent Assembly was ₹6.3 crore.[17] The constitution has had more than 100 amendments since it was enacted.[36] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ayesha 1120 (talk • contribs) 13:01, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

History
The mennig constitution 2402:8100:303E:4360:1:2:EA23:38CE (talk) 12:49, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

Proposal for Including a Bot Link for Understanding the Constitution of India
I would like to propose the inclusion of a link to a bot that I have developed, specifically designed to answer questions pertaining to the Constitution of India and various bare acts. The bot functions by interpreting legal texts and providing accurate responses, thereby offering a helpful tool for individuals studying or interested in Indian law. If you would like to review the bot's functionalities, you can access it here. I believe this addition could enhance the understanding of readers and contribute to the educational value of the article. Your feedback and thoughts on this proposal would be greatly appreciated. Afzalur outlook (talk) 16:10, 15 August 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 January 2024
All references from [51] to [65] are either outdated, or referencing to incorrect links. It will make the section cleaner - if it was referenced once to the Constitution of India as available publicly on https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india/ - In my opinion it is the most legit reference for this section as it is directly from the Government of India sharing the constitution document.

The constitution's articles are grouped into the following parts:

Preamble,[51] with the words "socialist", "secular" and 'integrity' added in 1976 by the 42nd amendment[52][53] Part I[54] – The Union and its Territory – Articles 1 to 4 Part II[55] – Citizenship – Articles 5 to 11 Part III – Fundamental Rights – Articles 12 to 35 Part IV[56] – Directive Principles of State Policy – Articles 36 to 51 Part IVA – Fundamental Duties – Article 51A Part V[57] – The Union – Articles 52 to 151 Part VI[58] – The States – Articles 152 to 237 Part VII[59] – States in the B part of the first schedule (repealed) – Article 238 Part VIII[60] – Union Territories – Articles 239 to 242 Part IX[61] – Panchayats – Articles 243 to 243(O) Part IXA[62] – Municipalities – Articles 243(P) to 243(ZG) Part IXB – Co-operative societies[63] – Articles 243(ZH) to 243(ZT) Part X – Scheduled and tribal areas[64] – Articles 244 to 244A Part XI – Relations between the Union and the States[65] – Articles 245 to 263 Part XII – Finance, property, contracts and suits – Articles 264 to 300A Part XIII – Trade and commerce within India – Articles 301 to 307 Part XIV – Services under the union and states – Articles 308 to 323 Part XIVA – Tribunals – Articles 323A to 323B Part XV – Elections – Articles 324 to 329A Part XVI – Special provisions relating to certain classes – Articles 330 to 342 Part XVII – Languages – Articles 343 to 351 Part XVIII – Emergency provisions – Articles 352 to 360 Part XIX – Miscellaneous – Articles 361 to 367 Part XX – Amendment of the Constitution – Articles 368 Part XXI – Temporary, transitional and special provisions – Articles 369 to 392 Part XXII – Short title, date of commencement, authoritative text in Hindi and repeals – Articles 393 to 395 Pushpa-edits (talk) 23:41, 20 January 2024 (UTC)
 * I've removed most of the citations altogether, it's simply unnecessary ref-bombing to individually reference every part. I've left references which cover amendments or appear to offer some type of analysis. Feel free to reactivate the request if felt these should be removed or changed. Regards,  Goldsztajn (talk) 05:37, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 January 2024
I kindly request u to change the picture you posted as constitution of india. Because that picture is fake,real one says India is a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic. But in this picture secular is missing 2409:40F3:1098:EAFF:419B:6154:9692:4F4F (talk) 04:42, 27 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Hi IP, the image currently in use is the real, authentic image of the original preamble of the constitution as it was originally transcribed. The expressions "secular", among others, were later insertions to it and this image does not in any way serve to negate them. It serves its illustrative purpose and you could always present another image which you'd like being used with the caveat that you ensure it adheres to copyright guidelines and get consensus for it here. MBlaze Lightning (talk) 14:36, 27 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Please make your request for a new image to be uploaded to Files For Upload. Once the file has been properly uploaded, feel free to reactivate this request to have the new image used. Also closing given MBlaze Lightning's response explaining the authenticity and context of the current image. -- Pinchme123 (talk) 16:42, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 March 2024
India The 1950 constitution declares India a sovereign and democratic republic, assures its citizens justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity The words 'socialist' and 'secular' were incorporated in the Preamble of the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. The change was enacted during the tenure of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during the period of Emergency (1975-1977). The entire Opposition MP’s were incarcerated at the time. 72.92.26.134 (talk) 03:43, 13 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Cannolis (talk) 04:12, 13 March 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 April 2024
Main Sources of Indian Constitution—1. The Government of India Act, 1935: Indian Constitution is mainly based on the Government of India Act, 1935. This Act had accepted many of the demands of the Indian National Congress i.e., provincial autonomy, parliamentary system, federal system, federalcourt, etc. When we got freedom we were accustomed of the administrative set up under this Act and we changed the provisions of the Act according to our requirement and suitability in the new Constitution. Thus about two-thirds of Indian Constitution is derived from the Act of 1935.

2. British Constitution: Many of the provisions of the Constitution have been taken from the British Constitution. Parliamentary system is on British pattern except that in India, we have opted for a President as Head of the State, not a king. Our procedure of law making, single citizenship, single integrated judiciary are based on British Constitution. Thus British Constitution is also a big source of Indian Constitution.

3. American Constitution: Idea of Preamble to the Constitution was derived from the American Constitution. Declaration of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution, provision of Judicial Review are also derived from the American Constitution. Preamble to the Indian Constitution and the position of Indian Supreme Court, and those of American Constitution are similar.

4. Constitution of Canada: Our Federal structure is similar to that of Canada. Like Canadian Constitution, we have a more powerful centre than the states and have given residuary powers to the Central Government. Our federal system is not based on American pattern.

5. Constitution of Ireland: Constitution of Ireland had provided for the guidelines to the states. This inspired the makers of the Indian Constitution and they have included the Directive Principles of the State Policy in the Constitution.

6. German Constitution: The makers of the Constitution were inspired by the Weimer Constitution regarding the emergency provisions and they armed the Indian President with emergency powers to face external and internal emergencies

No or say a very little information is provided about the source Srinjon konar (talk) 11:40, 13 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  (talk | contribs) 11:43, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 June 2024
Indian constitution was hand written by Prem Behari Narain Raizada Prakharlall (talk) 12:42, 7 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Charliehdb (talk) 13:01, 7 June 2024 (UTC)

Conflicting articles.
Article 75(5) makes a minister 'eligible' to vote, while article 88 makes them 'ineligible' to vote inside the parliament. 49.37.96.186 (talk) 15:29, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Constitution of India


text:
Northrop HL-10

The Northrop HL-10 was one of five US heavyweight lifting body designs flown at NASA's Flight Research Center (FRC—later Dryden Flight Research Center) in Edwards, California, from July 1966 to November 1975 to study and validate the concept of safely maneuvering and landing a low lift-over-drag vehicle designed for reentry from space. It was a NASA design and was built to evaluate "inverted airfoil" lifting body and delta planform. It currently is on display at the entrance to the Armstrong Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base.

Development
Northrop Corporation built the HL-10 and Northrop M2-F2, the first two of the fleet of "heavy" lifting bodies flown by the NASA Flight Research Center. The contract for construction of the HL-10 and the M2-F2 was $1.8 million. "HL" stands for horizontal landing, and "10" refers to the tenth design studied by engineers at NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. Main gear was a modified T-38 system retracted manually, and lowered by nitrogen pressure. Nose gear was a modified T-39 unit, retracted manually and lowered with nitrogen pressure. Pilot Ejection System was a modified F-106 system. Silver zinc batteries provided electrical power for the control system, flight instruments, radios, cockpit heat, and stability augmentation system. To assist in pre-landing flare, four throttleable hydrogen peroxide rockets provided up to 400 lbf (1.8 kN) of thrust.

Operational history
After delivery to NASA in January 1966, the HL-10 made its first flight on December 22, 1966, with research pilot Bruce Peterson in the cockpit. Although the XLR-11 rocket engine (same type used in the Bell X-1) was installed, the first 11 drops from the B-52 launch aircraft were unpowered glide flights to assess handling qualities, stability, and control. In the end, the HL-10 was judged to be the best handling of the three original heavy-weight lifting bodies (M2-F2/F3, HL-10, X-24A).

The HL-10 was flown 37 times during the lifting body research program and logged the highest altitude and fastest speed in the lifting body program. On February 18, 1970, Air Force test pilot Peter Hoag piloted the HL-10 to Mach 1.86 (1,228 mph). Nine days later, NASA pilot William H. "Bill" Dana flew the vehicle to 90030 ft, which became the highest altitude reached in the program.

During a typical lifting body flight, the B-52—with the research vehicle attached to the pylon mount on the right wing between the fuselage and inboard engine pod—flew to a height of about 45000 ft and a launch speed of about 450 mi/h.

Moments after being dropped, the XLR-11 was lit by the pilot. Speed and altitude increased until the engine was shut down by choice or fuel exhaustion, depending upon the individual mission profile. The lifting bodies normally carried enough fuel for about 100 seconds of powered flight and routinely reached from 50000 to 80000 ft and speeds above Mach 1.

Following engine shutdown, the pilot maneuvered the vehicle through a simulated return-from-space corridor into a pre-planned approach for a landing on one of the lakebed runways on Rogers Dry Lake at Edwards. A circular approach was used to lose altitude during the landing phase. On the final approach leg, the pilot increased his rate of descent to build up energy. At about 100 ft altitude, a "flare out" maneuver dropped air speed to about 200 mi/h for the landing.

Unusual and valuable lessons were learned through the successful flight testing of the HL-10. During the early phases of the Space Shuttle development program, lifting bodies patterned on the HL-10 shape were one of three major types of proposals. These were later rejected as it proved difficult to fit cylindrical fuel tanks into the always-curving fuselage, and from then on most designs focused on more conventional delta wing craft.

 * HL-10 pilots
 * John A. Manke — 10 flights, 7 powered flights
 * William H. Dana — 9 flights, 8 powered flights
 * Jerauld R. Gentry — 9 flights, 2 powered flights
 * Peter C. Hoag — 8 flights, 7 powered flights
 * Bruce Peterson — 1 flight, 0 powered flights

Unrealized space flight
According to the book "Wingless Flight", by project engineer R. Dale Reed, the HL-10 was considered to fly into space in the early to mid-1970s. Following the cancellation of the Apollo moon project, Reed realized that there would be substantial Apollo hardware left over, including several flight-rated command service modules (CSM) and Saturn V rockets.

The proposal was to add an ablative heat shield, reaction controls, and other additional subsystems needed for crewed spaceflight to the HL-10. The now space-rated vehicle would have then been launched in the space for the Lunar Module on a Saturn V launch vehicle with an Apollo CSM. Once in Earth orbit, it was planned that a robotic extraction arm would remove the HL-10 from the rocket's third stage and place it adjacent to the crewed Apollo CSM spacecraft. One of the astronauts would then spacewalk from the Apollo and board the lifting body to perform a pre-reentry check on its systems.

It was planned that there would be two flights in this program. In the first, the lifting body pilot would return to the Apollo and send the HL-10 back to earth uncrewed. If this flight was successful, the second launch would be involve a piloted landing at Edwards AFB. Reportedly, Wernher von Braun was enthusiastic about the mission, offering to prepare two Saturn Vs and Apollo Command Service Modules. However, he was overridden by the Flight Research Center director, and nothing came of the proposal. Launching a Saturn V to low Earth orbit with a light payload would not be an efficient use of capability, and the Apollo program was ended mainly on cost grounds.

Aircraft serial number

 * Northrop HL-10 — NASA 804, 37 flights

Status
The HL-10 is currently on display at the entrance of Armstrong Flight Research Center at Edwards, CA.

General characteristics

 * Crew: one pilot
 * Length: 21 ft 2 in (6.45 m)
 * Wingspan: 13 ft 7 in (4.15 m)
 * Height: 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m)
 * Wing area: 160 ft2 (14.9 m2)
 * Empty: 5,285 lb (2,397 kg)
 * Loaded: 6,000 lb (2,721 kg)
 * Maximum takeoff: 10,009 lb (4,540 kg) (propellant wt 3,536 lb - 1,604 kg)
 * Powerplant: 1 x Reaction Motors XLR-11 four-chamber rocket engine. 8,000 lbf (35.7 kN) thrust

Performance

 * Maximum speed: 1,228 mph (1,976 km/h)
 * Range: 45 miles (72 km)
 * Service ceiling: 90,303 ft (27,524 m)
 * Rate of climb: ft/min ( m/min)
 * Wing loading: 62.5 lb/ft2 (304.7 kg/m2)
 * Thrust-to-weight: 1:0.99

Fictional references
In the pilot movie, and an episode of The Six Million Dollar Man series, titled "The Deadly Replay", the HL-10 serial number 804 is identified as the aircraft flown by Col. Steve Austin when he crashed, leading to his transformation into a bionic man, and the HL-10 is also featured in this episode. Other episodes and Martin Caidin's original novel, Cyborg, contradict this, however, by identifying Austin's aircraft as a fictional cousin of the HL-10, the M3-F5. Further confusion is added by the fact that both the HL-10 and the M2-F2 are featured in the opening credits of the television show.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Northrop HL-10


text:
Royal Bahraini Air Force

The Royal Bahraini Air Force (سلاح الجو الملكي البحريني, abbreviated as RBAF, formerly known as Bahrain Amiri Air Force) is the aerial warfare branch of the Bahrain Defence Force (BDF). Originally formed as the BDF Air Wing in 1976, it became an independent service branch in 1987. The RBAF was involved in combat operations during the Gulf War and the Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war.

Bahrain has developed a well-equipped air force and was the second country in the Gulf Cooperation Council after Saudi Arabia to acquire advanced fighters, namely the F-16C/D in 1989, which have been the RBAF's main combat aircraft since then. Bahrain was the first country in the Gulf to use the F-16. In the early 2010s Bahrain decided to replace its older F-5E and F-5F fighters with more modern planes, as well as to modernize its existing F-16 fleet. It ordered 16 new planes of the F-16 Block 70 variant, which it expects to acquire in 2024.

Founding and early expansion
The Bahrain Defence Force, which itself was formed in 1968, just before the country became independent from United Kingdom in 1971, first organized an air wing in May 1976 at Riffa Air Base, which received its first aircraft, four Bo 105 helicopters, in February 1977. This occurred after Bahrain sent the air wing's future members to receive training from allied countries in 1974. The small force grew gradually, receiving 12 Augusta Bell Twin Huey helicopters in 1978, and in the mid-1980s the air wing became the new Bahrain Amiri Air Force (BAAF). In the early years the Bahraini Air Force participated in training with other countries and helped recover U.S. Navy sailors after the USS Stark incident during the Iran-Iraq War. Because of regional conflicts like the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War, during the 1980s and 1990s Bahrain expanded its military with the assistance of the United States, including its Air Force.

In 1985 Bahrain acquired its first fighter jets, the F-5, and established the 6th Fighter Squadron at Muharraq Air Base. After Bahraini air crews became familiar with the F-5, they underwent training to prepare to use the F-16 Fighting Falcon. The first Bahraini F-16s, the F-16C/D variants, were acquired in 1990. This made Bahrain the first Gulf country to use the F-16. Before this, the country considered several American and European advanced fighter aircraft, including the F-15 Eagle, F-16 Fighting Falcon, F/A-18 Hornet, Mirage 2000, and Tornado. Bahraini pilots were trained on F-16 operations at MacDill Air Force Base in Florida in 1989, and the first F-16 formally was handed over to the BAAF in March of that year. The first four F-16s were sent to Bahrain, flown by Bahraini pilots, in May 1990.

Around this time the construction of Isa Air Base was complete, which is where the Bahraini F-16s have been based. Both the F-16 and the F-5 were operated by Bahrain in the Gulf War, during which the BAAF carried out air strikes against Iraq. The new Bahraini F-16s were flown by the 1st Tactical Fighter Squadron in Operation Desert Storm, operating alongside coalition forces, which included 200 American aircraft based out of the Isa Air Base, along with the BAAF. The operations lasted from 25 January 1991 until the end of the war, with an average of six sorties per day.

A second batch of ten F-16s commenced delivery in 2000 under the Peace Crown II program. The new aircraft represented a further increase in the air force's combat capabilities, as they were equipped to carry the AMRAAM missile, first used by the USAF in 1992. Air-to-air armament had been limited to the short-range AIM-9M Sidewinder missile and internal cannon through the Gulf War. After the war, the country began to acquire more advanced weapons, including the AIM-7M Sparrow radar-guided air-to-air missile and LANTIRN navigation and targeting pod for air-to-ground weapons that would also be acquired such as the GBU-10/12 laser guided bombs and AGM-65D/G Maverick air-to-ground missiles.

In 1994 the 8th Helicopter Squadron was established with Bell AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters, followed by the 9th Helicopter Squadron in 1997, for the purpose of providing close air support to the Royal Bahraini Army. In 1999 the Air Defense Wing, equipped with the Hawk missile system, was brought under the control of the Air Force.

21st century
In July 2000, Bahrain signed a deal with BAE Systems to establish a pilot academy based around the Hawk Trainer, similar to the NFTC in Canada. Subsequently, orders were placed for Slingsby T67 Firefly and BAE Hawk trainers. The first trainers were delivered in October 2006.

After Bahrain became a monarchy on 14 February 2002, the BAAF was renamed the Royal Bahraini Air Force.

Upgrade of the helicopter force has included new utility transports, and on 19 June 2007, Bahrain signed a letter of offer and acceptance for nine UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters to be purchased as part of the Foreign Military Sales program through the United States Army. These are designated for use in a variety of roles, including combat search and rescue. They were the international launch customer for the UH-60M variant of the venerable S-70 helicopter family. Deliveries commenced on 1 December 2009

A single Sikorsky S-92 VVIP helicopter was purchased by the Air Force in 2007 and placed in service with the Bahrain Royal Flight.

Bahrain would again engage in combat operations as part of the Saudi Arabia-led Operation Decisive Storm, operating from bases in Saudi Arabia against Houthi rebel forces in Yemen during March and April 2015. Initially, fifteen F-16 aircraft were deployed as the RBAF contribution to combat forces in the operation. Bahrain's forces remained in Saudi Arabia in assistance of the coalition through 2015. An RBAF F-16 was lost when it crashed after a technical problem in December 2015. The Bahraini Air Force ended its participation in the operation in Yemen in February 2016.

In 2018, Lockheed Martin was awarded a $1.1 billion contract to produce 16 F-16 Viper Block 70 fighter aircraft for Bahrain, the U.S. Department of Defense said in a release.

Work under the $1,124,545,002 fixed-price-incentive-firm contract is expected to be complete by 30 September 2023, the Friday, 22 June release said.

In October, the government of Bahrain announced that it had finalized a $3.8 billion deal with Lockheed for the F-16 purchase. Bahrain Royal Air Force commander Major General Shaikh Hamad bin Abdullah Al Khalifa said the Gulf state hoped the first planes will be delivered in 2021.

The sale of F-16 Vipers and related equipment to Bahrain was first approved by the U.S. State Department in 2016 during the Obama administration but it was delayed over human rights concerns. President Donald Trump dropped the human rights conditions last year.

The State Department then approved the sale of 19 aircraft worth $2.78 billion, and another $1.1 billion to upgrade Bahrain's existing fleet of 20 F-16s to the Viper configuration in September 2017. The proposed sales also include additional equipment and support. Hamid said in October that the purchase of the other three aircraft was still a possibility.

Incidents and accidents

 * 27 September 2003: F-16C Block 40 Fighting Falcon (s/n RBAF 204; c/n AC-12) crashed in the Persian Gulf, 75 km north of Bahrain.  This was the first F-16 loss for Bahrain and attributed to the pilot becoming disoriented during maneuvers.
 * 30 December 2015: An F-16 Fighting Falcon crashed in Jizan Province, Saudi Arabia while supporting the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.  The pilot was recovered safely and the crash was attributed to technical issues.

Personnel
The air force had 650 personnel in 1992 and 1,500 in 2009.

Personnel
The personnel of the RBAF are trained at the Royal Bahraini Air Force Technical Institute and the Training Wing. Every year a number of Bahraini officers are also sent to the United States for additional training, which can include the U.S. Air Force's Air University's Squadron Officer School, the Air Command and Staff College, or the Air War College. The RBAF also takes part in training exercises with other air forces of the Gulf Cooperation Council.

Ranks

 * Officer ranks

 * Enlisted and NCO ranks

Future
Bahrain is planning to recapitalize its fighter fleet. Replacement of the F-5 fleet is to be accomplished with additional F-16 orders in the near term, while longer-term plans call for a more capable aircraft to be acquired to add to or replace the F-16 fleet. Bahrain is considering buying the Eurofighter Typhoon, the JAS 39 Gripen, the Dassault Rafale, or the F-35 Lightning II. The British government is in early talks with Bahrain over a potential order for the Eurofighter Typhoon fighter. In September 2016 it was announced that the sale of up to 19 further F-16s had been submitted to the US Congress for approval, however the White House later advised that it would not complete the approval unless it showed progress on human rights issues arising from the Bahraini protests of 2011. In September 2017, the United States Defense Security Cooperation Agency approved the sale of up to 22 F-16 Block 70/72 aircraft, as well as the sale of 20 upgrade kits to upgrade Bahrain's existing F-16 fleet to the F-16V Viper variant, the most advanced variant of the F-16, featuring the AN/APG-83 active electronically scanned array radar, a new mission computer developed by Raytheon, modern cockpit displays and other electronics upgrades. In October 2017, Bahraini officials announced that Bahrain had signed a deal worth $3.8 billion with Lockheed Martin for upgraded F-16s, as well as upgrade kits for the Air Force's existing F-16 fleet.

Bahrain has confirmed its order for 12 Bell AH-1Z Viper, six months after the US Department of State approved the deal, worth an estimated $912 million, under the Foreign Military Sales process. The attack helicopters will be delivered from the second half of 2022.

Helicopters Enhance Training Proficiency of Royal Bahrain Air Force. Bell Textron Inc., a Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT) company, announced the delivery of 3 Bell 505 helicopters to the Royal Bahrain Air Force. Bell delivered the aircraft during an inspection and acceptance event in February 2023 at Bell's Mirabel facility

In March 2023, Bahrain has requested the purchase of 24 surplus Bell AH-1W Super Cobra attack helicopters from the US, via a Foreign Military Sales deal worth an estimated US$350 million.

title: Royal Bahraini Air Force


text:
User talk:KalevTait

Welcome
--Slowking Man 03:07, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

Mongoose Lemur
Very well done! Thanks! I've made some minor edits, all pretty much of the minor type. You can find species authority on www.redlist.org when looking for their current conservation status, or use "_simple" tagged onto the template (where I put "_parens"). And I'll reiterate the above: Welcome! - UtherSRG 14:57, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Lady Tara
To be honest, I'm not particularly clear. But Lady Tara seems to be a sockpuppet - half of her edits are just attempts to irk CheeseDreams (who, you'll note, I very much don't like). She made a pretty unconscionable personal attack, and the whole exchange on the talk page was nothing but personal needling. If you want to find a sysop to reverse the ban, go ahead, but Lady Tara is pretty clearly a troll. A question - how did this come to your attention? Most of your edits have had to do with articles on primates. john k 02:06, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I came across this from browsing Special:Ipblocklist. Being a new user I was currious what, in general, constituted grounds for being blocked. -KalevTait 13:57, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

As an addition, I think it's one thing to make angry personal comments in the midst of a legitimate argument over article content. I would not ban someone in such a case. But this was very clearly not what was going on - Lady Tara, with no apparent precursor, just started insulting CheeseDreams on the latter's talk page. This is pretty clearly trolling, and when that trolling includes homophobic slurs, the user ought to be blocked. john k 02:11, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I think that CheeseDreams probably gets under peoples skins. It is not unconcievible to me that Lady Tara was reacting to something that CheeseDreams had done elsewhere. Her attack on CheeseDreams was certainly not appropriate, but if she is not a sock puppet (which is unknowable), then I think that blocking her without prior warning is not as forgiving as I would like. -KalevTait 13:57, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Apart from being warned on multiple occasions, should Lady Tara be a sock puppet used to commit abuse, then blocking is entirely appropriate. The other account used (the one owning the sock puppet) will still be 100% usable. Also, blocking will reveal Lady Tara's ip address, and simultaneously block the sock-puppet owner committing the abuse. The alleged sock puppet holder has made some really quite horrific personal attacks on numerous users, and really does deserve some formal punishment. See Requests for arbitration/Rienzo.

 * I should also say, as far as I can tell, my post on your talk page was good intentioned trolling. I think that it is extremly important that anyone doing any policing is extremly clear that their course of action is correct before they do anything. I'm not clear that in this case you were doing so, and so I posted to find out your reaction (and I'm sorry that it also atracted the attention of those looking for a reason to make an attack on you). IMO, your reaction is mixed, and I would like to encourage you to make sure, for yourself, that your actions are correct before you take them. I think that you do this for the most part, but I want to encourage you to keep on top of yourself. -KalevTait 13:57, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * No, you're certainly right, and it would appear that I probably overstepped the bounds. I think Lady Tara is pretty clearly a sock puppet - she has almost no edits that are not personal attacks on CheeseDreams.  i actually checked her user contributions before blocking, and it pretty much screamed sock puppet to me.  But yeah, I need to think before I act more.  I've done a couple of quasi-inappropriate things with my sysop powers in fits of anger over the last few days (see again CheeseDreams getting under people's skins), and I need to cool out.  I think I may voluntarily withdraw from all sysop activities besides deleting redirect pages for moves for a month or so. john k 16:58, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Editing Jesus-related articles and providing substantial academic evidence questioning historicity of Jesus, and also of the bible, is inevitably going to get under certain people's skin. CheeseDreams 19:50, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Primates category rework
After some good discussion on the talk for WP:PRIM with User:Marskell, I've begun work on cleaning up category:Early hominids. Please come to Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Primates/category rework to weigh in your opinion on what direction to take. - UtherSRG (talk) 13:13, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

Ahom page
Please go ahead and make your proposed changes to the status of Ahom. And thanks for your help. Chaipau 10:36, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

About Holy Blood Holy Grail
Just to make sure... Have my reverts on HBHG been 'correct'? I want to assume as much good faith as possible, but the other party (or parties) don't seem to be willing to discuss their changes. I'm at a little bit of a loss as to what to do if this continues, and just want to make sure I'm not just being biased. Cheers, KalevTait 16:37, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I support your reverts. --Loremaster 17:26, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

The Mahabharat
Hi,

Yes, the process is essentially that: copying from sacred-texts.com and adding proper formatting. Yann 08:12, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Wiki-linking from quotes discussion
Hi there. I've added a comment to the discussion here about Wiki-linking from quotes. As someone who has posted to this discussion, I'd appreciate any comments you might have. Thanks. Carcharoth 19:05, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

message
I'm sending this to all the wikiproject:mammals participants. There's a naming guideline up for discussion on the talk page, and the more people get involved the more valid any consensus drawn. Ironholds 19:14, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

Announcement
Hello! I'm The Arbiter, one of the coordinators for WikiProject Zoo. I am proud to announce the launch of a new portal: Portal:Zoos and Aquariums! ZooPro, ZooFari, and I worked hard to create a new portal for information on zoos, aquariums, and the associated projects and articles on Wikipedia. If you could head on over, take a look at our work, and maybe learn some more about zoos and Wikiproject Zoo, it would be great! Cheers and Happy Editing!

Delivered by MessageDeliveryBot on behalf of The Arbiter (talk) at 03:29, 14 December 2010 (UTC).

Proposed deletion of Peter Meehan (author)

The article Peter Meehan (author) has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this biography of a living person will be deleted after seven days unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't be offended. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners, or ask at the help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp/dated tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within seven days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Sheldybett (talk) 09:49, 25 November 2018 (UTC)

Peter Meehan (author) moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Peter Meehan (author), does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page. Atlantic306 (talk) 14:20, 25 November 2018 (UTC)

Draft:Peter Meehan (author)

Hello, KalevTait. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or draft page you started, Draft:Peter Meehan (author).

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. If you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it. — JJMC89  (T·C) 06:43, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:KalevTait


text:
Powan

The powan (Coregonus clupeoides) is a kind of freshwater whitefish endemic to two lochs in Scotland, Loch Lomond and Loch Eck. It has been successfully introduced in two other sites, Loch Sloy and the Carron Valley Reservoir.

Powan populations are relatively healthy, but may have been negatively impacted by the introduced ruffe, which eats powan eggs and fry. As a conservation action, an attempt to establish populations in four additional lochs has been undertaken.

The taxonomic status of the British whitefish populations, including powan, is a matter of debate. Currently the Scottish powan, along with the Welsh gwyniad known from a single lake, and four similar populations in England known as schelly, are generally considered belonging to the widespread Eurasian common whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). This accords with the close genetic similarity among these units, and the absence of clear morphological differences between them. FishBase and the IUCN continue to recognize the Scottish powan as a distinct species, Coregonus clupeoides.

Ecology
This fish is benthopelagic, feeding on the lakebed on insect larvae and crustaceans. In Loch Lomond, this fish exhibits a pattern of daily migration to feeding sites and of seasonal migration to breeding grounds. Before the breeding season, the mature males begin to congregate in deep water near the spawning beds; these are shallow areas of gravel and pebbles washed by waves. In late December and January they move into the shallows where they are joined by the ripe females, and spawning is completed by early February, after which the fish disperse to other parts of the loch. The eggs are eaten by brown trout (Salmo trutta), common roach (Rutilus rutilus), other powan and Phryganea larvae, and the adult powan are heavily predated by the northern pike (Esox lucius) at breeding time.

title: Powan


text:
Mount Victoria (Auckland)

Takarunga / Mount Victoria is the highest volcano on Auckland's North Shore, rising to 66 metres in elevation. Its age is currently unknown. Its lava flows now line much of Devonport's waterfront. Takarunga was the location of an important pā used by Tāmaki Māori peoples. In the late 19th century, a gun fort was built on top of the hill, in order to defend the city of Auckland. As a designated tūpuna maunga, the mountain has been governed by the Tūpuna Maunga Authority, along with thirteen other cones throughout Auckland, since 2014.

Geography
The hill provides panoramic views of Auckland's Waitematā Harbour and the inner Hauraki Gulf. Over the years the peak and upper slopes have housed a signal station for shipping, artillery emplacements, farmland, and various concrete army bunkers, some from as early as the 1870s. One bunker now serves as the venue for the Devonport Folk Music Club.

The slopes of Takarunga / Mount Victoria are also home to Devonport Primary School, Takarunga Playcentre, a tennis court, a cemetery, a water reservoir which maintains supply to the area, and a scenic lookout. The old Signalman's House is now home to the Michael King Writers Centre which provides writers-in-residence programmes, hosting for visiting writers, residential workshops for experienced writers, and a series of workshops for young poets and emerging writers. The writer-in-residence programmes are supported by Creative New Zealand and the University of Auckland.

History
An important pā once occupied its slopes; some of its earthworks can still be seen. In the 18th century, Takarunga was seasonally occupied by Waiohua paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki, during the seasons for bird catching and preservation. The traditional name, Takarunga, literally means "The Hill Standing Above", and contrasts with Mount Cambria, a now-quarried hill known by the name Takararo, or "The Hill Standing Below". A scoria mound known as Duders Hill, on Takarunga / Mount Victoria's southern slopes was mostly quarried away. French navigator Jules Dumont d'Urville climbed the hill in 1827, and it was given the name Mount Victoria, referring to Queen Victoria, by early settlers. In 1841 a signal station was constructed on the peak, to better facilitate traffic to the Port of Auckland, and in 1880 the hill became a public reserve. In 1885, a gun fort was constructed on the peak, which was in use until after World War II.

Treaty settlement
In the 2014 Treaty of Waitangi settlement between the Crown and the Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau collective of 13 Auckland iwi and hapu (also known as the Tāmaki Collective), ownership of the 14 Tūpuna Maunga of Tāmaki Makaurau / Auckland, was vested to the collective, including the volcano officially named Takarunga / Mount Victoria. The legislation specified that the land be held in trust "for the common benefit of Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau and the other people of Auckland". The Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority or Tūpuna Maunga Authority (TMA) is the co-governance organisation established to administer the 14 Tūpuna Maunga. Auckland Council manages the Tūpuna Maunga under the direction of the TMA.

title: Mount Victoria (Auckland)


text:
Speed golf

Speed golf (also known as extreme golf, fast golf, fitness golf and hit and run golf) is a variant of golf which scores both on strokes played and the time taken to complete the round.

Rules
One stroke is scored equally to one minute, so that shooting 90 on a golf course in 59 minutes and 30 seconds would result in an overall speed golf score of 149:30.

Rules and etiquette are generally the same for speed golf and regular golf with minor exceptions.
 * In the interest of time, a golfer is allowed to putt with the flagstick left in the hole. Note: As of January 1, 2019, a golfer is allowed to putt with the flagstick left in the hole in regular golf, also.
 * Unless otherwise told by a tournament committee, speed golfers are expected to rake bunkers, fix ball marks and conform to normal golf course dress code, although most speed golfers will wear running shoes instead of golf shoes.
 * In the case of a lost ball or one that is hit out of bounds, players are permitted to play it like a lateral hazard because it was thought to be too severe of a penalty to have to also be penalized the additional time to run back to where the original shot was played.
 * In the case of a lost ball or one that is hit out of bounds, players are permitted to play it like a lateral hazard because it was thought to be too severe of a penalty to have to also be penalized the additional time to run back to where the original shot was played.

Aside from the normal 14-club maximum, there is no rule about how many clubs a player is allowed to bring. However, players typically carry 4–7 clubs.

History
The sport was believed to have been started in 1979 in California when former American record holder in the mile (3:47.69 in 1982) Steve Scott ran around a golf course in 29 minutes and 33 seconds shooting a 95 with only a 3-iron.

After hearing about Scott, former ironman triathlete and teaching pro Jay Larson became the person who many considered the top speed golfer of the 1990s. Larson once shot a 75 in 39 minutes and 9 seconds on a 6,500 course with a slope rating of 125 (using the old rules of speed golf where the player could have a caddy in a cart riding out in front of them carrying their clubs and calling out distances as they approached the ball).

Towards the end of the 1990s, in an effort to help promote the sport, Oregonians and speed golfers Tim Scott (a former teaching pro turned school teacher), Christopher Smith, and Jim Kosciolek (a Chicago-based lawyer) founded a company called Speed Golf International.

The sport is now played in North America, Europe and Japan, and major tournaments are telecast by channels such as ESPN, CBS, and The Golf Channel.

Tournaments
The oldest known speed golf tournament is the Bob-n-Broc', which has been held each September in Minneapolis since 1998.

Throughout the 2000s, there were various competitions held throughout the United States, many of which were held at Bandon Dunes in Bandon, Oregon.

World championships
2012 – Inaugural World Championships

The inaugural Speed Golf World Championships were held October 20–21, 2012, at Bandon Dunes Golf Resort in Bandon, Oregon, on the Old MacDonald Course (October 20) and the Bandon Dunes Course (October 21).

Results in the Pro/Elite division were as follows for the 15 professionals competing for the $50,000 purse:

 * 1) Chris Walker, 263:28 (77-53:29; 76-56:29)
 * 2) Tim Scott, 264:47 (81-52:21; 80-51:26)
 * 3) Tim Hval, 266:20 (74-59:33; 74-58:47)
 * 4) Christopher Smith, 268:24 (73-58:33; 78-58:51)
 * 5) Jaacob Bowden, 270:18 (75-61:06; 78-56:12)
 * 6) Todd Killingsworth, 272:39 (86-56:24; 75-55:15)
 * 7) Robert Hogan, 272:39 (94-44:00; 92-43:05)
 * 8) Gretchen Johnson(am), 273:38 (84-55:19; 79-55:19)
 * 9) Michael Chupka Jr., 274:26 (79-63:00; 75-57:26)
 * 10) Kris Moe, 279:11 (72-64:24; 80-62:47)
 * 11) Jeff Simonds, 280:30 (80-58:08; 84-58:22)
 * 12) Arno Lindsberger, 288:53 (99-48:37; 100-41:16)
 * 13) Brandon Carter, 291:25 (85-64:14; 82-60:11)
 * 14) Kyle Warren, 304:15 (79-67:41; 83-74:34)
 * 15) Paul Gorman, 310:42 (89-70:39; 85-66:03)

There was also a group of 45 amateurs who competed in a one-day-only competition on October 21 on the Bandon Dunes Course. The amateur division featured various age groups that included 24 and under, 25–39, 40–49, and 50 and over.

A 30-minute special about the World Championships aired on CBS before the third round of the 2013 Masters.

2013

It was held on October 26–27, 2013, at Bandon Dunes Golf Resort in Bandon, Oregon, on the Old MacDonald Course (October 26) and the Bandon Dunes Course (October 27).

Results in the Pro/Elite division were as follows:

 * 1) Rob Hogan, 236.55 (77-39:31; 79-41:24)
 * 2) Eri Crum, 242.34 (80-45:03; 73-44:31)
 * 3) Matt Dehlin, 250.06 (78-46:06; 78-48:00)
 * 4) Chris Walker, 250.38 (74-52:26; 73-51:12)
 * 5) Scott Dawley, 253.39 (77-51:43; 74-50:56)
 * 6) Scott Manley, 256.37 (80-50:25; 78-48:12)
 * 7) Allan Phillips, 257.19 (84-48:10; 80-45:09)
 * 8) Christopher Smith, 263.58 (78-58:29; 72-55:29)
 * 9) David Denyer, 264.15 (78-54:39; 76-55:36)
 * 10) Tim Hval, 265.42 (81-54:49; 77-52:53)
 * 11) Jamie Young, 268.02 (85-48:04; 85-49:58)
 * 12) Pete Phipps, 269.06 (83-52:27; 79-54:39)
 * 13) Nick Willis, 270.27 (86-44:20; 97-43:07)
 * 14) Jaacob Bowden, 271.42 (85-59; 72-55:42)
 * 15) David Marshall, 272.17 (84-54:27; 82-51:50)
 * 16) Tim Scott, 272.57 (83-50.34; 85-54:23)
 * 17) Scott Gerweck, 274.11 (88-50:04; 85-51:07)
 * 18) Larry Levinson, 274.29 (80-60; 76-58:29)
 * 19) Shanon Hoyt, 274.45 (87-50.27; 83-54:18)
 * 20) Paul Kivela, 276.26 (92-51:28; 85-47:58)
 * 21) Ralph Reahard, 283.35 (78-66:05; 75-64:30)
 * 22) Karl Meltzer, 284.07 (89-55:11; 89-50:56)
 * 23) Dougal Williams, 286.51 (95-54:16; 84-53:35)
 * 24) Bernard Lagat, 324.04 (118-48:26; 110-47:38)
 * 25) Jay Larson W/D (89-58.05; W/D-W/D)

Eastern Speedgolf Open
The Eastern Speedgolf Open was held at The Foundry Golf Club in Powhatan, Virginia, on June 30, 2013. Professional competitors played for a purse of $35,000. The event was preceded by A First Tee competition (9-hole par 3 course) and an amateur tournament.

Name                                       Total          Strokes - Minutes
 * 1) Rob Hogan                        129.58       (85 - 44:58)
 * 2) Allan Philips                      133.18       (83 - 50:18)
 * 3) Tim Scott                          135.45       (77 - 58:45)
 * 4) Chris Walker                     139.34       (81 - 58:34)
 * 5) Christopher Smith              140.55       (75 - 65:55)
 * 6) Scott Dawley                     142.25       (81 - 61:25)
 * 7) Ralph Reahard                   145.06       (77 - 68:06)
 * 8) Todd Killingsworth              148.02       (82 - 66:02)
 * 9) Shannon Hoyt                    148.45       (96 - 52:45)
 * 10) Jaacob Bowden                  150.25       (81 - 69:25)
 * 11) Michael Chupka Jr.             152.53       (84 - 68:53)
 * 12) Nathan Ward                      155.08      (88 - 67:08)
 * 13) Mike Aldrich                       156.08      (85 - 71:08)
 * 14) Adam Smith                       168.36      (88 - 80:36)

Guinness world record
The lowest score in competition was shot by Mitch Williamson of Orange in New South Wales shot a score of 77 in 31 minutes, giving him a Speedgolf score of 108 at the Yarra Bend Golf Club in Melbourne hosted the Australian Speedgolf Open on 29 August 2016. This was not an official Guinness World record because Guinness was not onsite to validate it as a world record.

The official Guinness record was shot by professional Christopher Smith at the Chicago Speedgolf Classic at Jackson Park Golf Course on October 16, 2005. Smith shot 65 in just 44:06 while carrying six clubs for a speed golf score of 109:06.

Related sports
Speed golf is sometimes contrasted with Cross-country BigBall, in which players use soccer balls and baseball bats to reach a goal. Because the course and goals are chosen by the participants, Cross-country BigBall etiquette varies depending on whether the theater is a wooded or residential area. Both sports require substantial physical stamina.

Speed disc golf is similar in concept and rules to speed golf.

The biathlon (skiing and shooting a rifle) is also sometimes compared to speed golf.

title: Speed golf


text:
Iwo

Iwo or IWO may refer to:

People

 * Iwo Byczewski (born 1948), Polish diplomat
 * Iwo Dölling (1923–2019), Swedish diplomat
 * Iwo Gall (1890–1959), Polish theater director, stage designer, and pedagogue
 * Iwo Kaczmarski (born 2004), Polish footballer
 * Iwo Lominski (1905–1968), Polish-born microbiologist
 * Iwo Odrowąż (died 1229), medieval Polish humanist, statesman, and bishop
 * Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski (1921–2016), Polish-born polymath and inventor
 * Iwo Zaniewski (born 1956), Polish painter, photographer, director, and artistic director

Places

 * Iwo Islands, another name for the Volcano Islands of Japan, of which Iwo Jima is one
 * Iwo Jima, a small island in Japan, site of the Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II
 * Iwo Kingdom, a traditional state based on the city of Iwo in Osun State, Nigeria
 * Iwo, Osun, a city in the Nigerian state of Osun

Other uses

 * IWO, the International Workers Order, a pro-Communist fraternal organization and insurance company

title: Iwo


text:
Sakurai (surname)

Sakurai (written: 桜井 or literally "well of the cherry blossom") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Atsushi Sakurai (櫻井 敦司), Japanese singer
 * Hayato Sakurai (born 1975), mixed martial arts fighter
 * Hideo Sakurai (桜井 秀男), Japanese ice hockey player
 * Jun John Sakurai (1933–1982), physicist
 * Junko Sakurai (桜井 純子), Japanese swimmer
 * Kazutoshi Sakurai (born 1970), musician
 * Kodai Sakurai (桜井 広大), Japanese baseball player
 * Koji Sakurai (桜井 孝次), Japanese triple jumper
 * Kunihiko Sakurai (桜井 邦彦), Japanese ice hockey player
 * Masahiro Sakurai (桜井 政博, born 1970), game designer
 * Masaru Sakurai (born 1955), singer for The Alfee
 * Makoto Sakurai (born 1972), right-wing activist
 * Reika Sakurai (桜井 玲香), Japanese idol, singer and actress
 * Sho Sakurai (櫻井 翔), singer, songwriter and actor, member of Arashi
 * Shogo Sakurai (桜井 鐘吾), football player
 * Shōzō Sakurai (桜井省三), general of the Imperial Japanese Army
 * Takahiro Sakurai (born 1974), voice actor
 * Takao Sakurai (born 1941), Japanese boxer
 * Tokutaro Sakurai, (1897–1980), general of the Imperial Japanese Army
 * Toshiharu Sakurai (born 1964), Japanese voice actor
 * Yoshiko Sakurai (born 1945), journalist
 * Tetsuo Sakurai (born 1957), bassist of Casiopea

Fictional characters

 * Kanade Sakurai, one of the main characters in the anime/manga Candy Boy
 * Shizuku Sakurai, one of the supporting characters in the anime/manga Candy Boy
 * Yukino Sakurai, another one of the main characters in the anime/manga Candy Boy
 * Yuuto Sakurai, one of the supporting characters in the television series Kamen Rider Den-O
 * Rihoko Sakurai, one of the 6 lead females of the anime and manga Amagami SS
 * Tomoki Sakurai, main character of Heaven's Lost Property
 * Kouichi Sakurai, one of the main 'prince' of otome game Tokimeki Memorial Girl's Side: 3rd Story
 * Goro Sakurai, one of the main characters in the J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai
 * Ryō Sakurai, a character from the anime/manga Kuroko no Basket
 * Izumi Sakurai, a character from the anime/manga Nichijou
 * Makoto Sakurai, a character from the anime/manga Nichijou
 * Shinichi Sakurai, one of the main characters in the anime and manga Uzaki-chan Wants to Hang Out!
 * Ryoko Sakurai, a character in the manga and anime series Great Teacher Onizuka
 * Keiwa Sakurai, one of the main characters in the television series Kamen Rider Geats
 * Haruka Sakurai, one of the characters in the interactive music video series MILGRAM
 * Nozomi Sakurai, one of the three main characters in the anime Kamisama Minarai: Himitsu no Cocotama

title: Sakurai (surname)


text:
Talk:Pallet

Photos added
Today I added a picture of a pallet to the article. I use pallets at work all the time, and I own a digital camera. Thus, if anyone has a suggestion for how to improve the picture, I can easily oblige. --Dbenbenn 03:15, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

And here's a picture of a more typical wooden pallet. It's the ISO standard size, 100 by 120 by 12 cm. (I measured it!) The glove is there for scale. The plastic pallet is the same size, except it's 14 cm tall. --Dbenbenn 03:07, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

ISO number for pallet standardization?
Anybody know the ISO number for pallet standardization? Dbenbenn 18:35, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Yes, it is ISO 6780. It lists six different pallet sizes. The 100 by 120 size is one of the most common ones in Europe, but it is also found elsewhere around the globe. There are other ISO standards relevant to pallets. See the list at http://www.unitload.vt.edu/palstand.htm --AlainV 01:08, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

In ISO 6780 pallet length is defined as "deck dimension in the direction of stringers or stringerboards" and "If these members are not present, the length is the longer deck dimension." We should add this to the article. This would clarify the diffence between the entries under North American pallets for 40x48 and 48x40. And it would explain why a EUR1 pallet is 800x1200mm and NOT 1200x800mm. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.235.154.51 (talk) 10:04, 13 July 2018 (UTC)

Wasted floor
In the section "ISO pallets" I think the 15.2% value in the last row is incorrect. In my calculations I got a maximum of 11 EURO palettes into a 20ft-container with a "floor wasted" result of approx 24% (inside dimensions I = 5.91*2.345 m² = 13.85895 m², pallet area A = 11 * 0.98 * 1.2 m² = 10.56 m², A / I = 0.761962, 1 - A / I = 0.238038).

For 40 ft container I got approx. 20% with 23 EURO pallets.

Is there a way to stuff even more pallets inside? Regards --84.59.143.177 (talk) 01:13, 5 May 2011 (UTC)

-- careful --

pallets in containers have to go in pairs, 2 side by side. In every container, there has to be 1 to 2 feet wasted on the end for the dock plate. When a container is parked at a loading dock to be able to run a forklift in it, a docking mechanism 'dock plate' has to be placed there, therefore you cant shuw the container full of pallets.

max number of palets = length of container \ length of palet * 2. professionally I have shuwed over 50 loaded pallets in a 52' (yes 52' not 54' there is 2 feet for the dock plate so only 52 counts), one on top of each other, that is done commonly in LTL shipments where mixed shipments are sent in one container.

nominal load 48' = 24 pallets. 52' = 26 pallets

P.S. don't forget that the pallets are unperfect and small gaps need to be left between them, so into a 8' wide container you cannot put 2 x 48" pallets side by side (mathematicaly it fits, but in real life it doesn't). You have to pinwheel them = one goes in the wide side, the other the long side = 22 pallets per container.

regards -- [ a warehouse worker with a lot of experience with pallets (wooden) ] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.22.249.253 (talk) 21:32, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

I've tagged all the percentages for citations as they are clearly incorrect. If using interior dimensions the 1100x1100 fits 5x2 = 10 per TEU giving a wastage of 9.9% whereas the 1165x1165 fits 4x2 = 8 per TEU giving a wastage of 19.15% vs the article's claimed 14% and 8.1%. The data should either be fixed and cited or removed - 203.52.44.138 (talk) 01:39, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

Trailer width
Comments for looking at later. A trailer of 96" would be a hard fit for two 48" pallets. In the US most trailers have been 102" wide for sometimes now. Otr500 (talk) 16:20, 22 November 2019 (UTC)

Content error
I worked in the pallet manufacturing industry for several years and read in the Pallet section, "Of the top pallets used in North America, the most commonly used by far is the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) pallet, which accounts for 30% of all new wood pallets produced in the United States.". Maybe I read this wrong but we manufactured pallets following GMA and NWPCA specification but the majority of orders were for specialized pallets. I looked at the source and it states ''"The 48x40-inch pallet is the most common pallet size in the U.S., representing about 30% of the pallets produced each year. Adding by far is an exaggeration that does not seem to be supported by the source so maybe I missed it. Otr500 (talk) 13:59, 22 November 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:23, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
 * NaplesBench.jpg

title: Talk:Pallet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Perplex City

Perplex City
A not-yet-released multiplayer online game. Which would make this article advertising spam at the moment. Since it is "set to take 2005 by storm", a real article can always be written then. Michael Ward 03:18, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertising for something that hasn't been released yet. Katefan0 06:34, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete until it takes 2005 by storm as predicted. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 07:01, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Future event, therefore unverifiable. Geogre 14:36, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Its spam alright. As the article says, it was indeed picked up by a major newspaper - The (British) Times - it got about a sentence. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 23:36, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete future event. Rossami (talk) 01:14, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. ComCat.
 * Delete. Rose 12:16, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC) I put my comments on the page itself to explain why I voted for deletion. (future event, inaccurate information)
 * Delete. Nik_Doof While its not a advertisement for the game, its still pritty much useless entry here (speaking as a actual player of the ARG).


text:
User talk:Yonestar

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 03:20, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

I'm pretty skeptical. He may or may not be the so-called Yonestar. poo —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.163.175.240 (talk) 07:26, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Nomination of Dynamic update client for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Dynamic update client is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Dynamic update client until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Mr. Guye (talk) 21:09, 3 April 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yonestar


text:
User talk:Michael Ward

.

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

 * Oh, the welcome is mine, too... I don't know how much I can help, but you can always leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions. 68.81.231.127 11:34, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

One tin soldier
Hi there, I just noticed you marked One tin soldier with a copyvio tag a couple of hours ago — but it looks like you forgot to list it on Copyright problems. Why don't you add it? :) 68.81.231.127 11:31, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

msg
I >think< you are misreading this, because of the way redirects work....essentially by creating a new article and then renaming the old one. It's hard for me to get my little mind around it, but I think "Goplat" may be un-doing the redirects rather than doing them. Of course, I could have it backwards. Hopefully someone will figure out who's doing it and block them - you're very much correct in thinking that that would be a very good thing to do. - Nunh-huh 01:19, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks though for trying to assist our noble effort! You too can become a member of the vandal patrol! (Of course, it'd probably be more fun to write and edit!) - Nunh-huh 01:33, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Cap and Skull
I noticed you recently removed the link to the Cap and Skull official website (since when did "secret" societies have websites anyway) claiming that it was a "trick link." It's not really a trick link. I had the same problem a while back and it had something to do with Mozilla not being able to properly render the page. Mozilla has since updated Firefox to fix whatever that defect was, and thus I am wondering if you are an older-version Mozilla user? It's past my bedtime, so I probably won't put the link back up until I heard from you as I'm too tired and disinterested to do so tonight. But, I assure you, the website link is not a trick. —ExplorerCDT 06:54, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Using netscape. link opens window back to referring page.  will revert self based on your info Michael Ward 06:12, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * update, same result using IE. perhaps you can tell me what the page content is supposed to be? Michael Ward 06:16, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Page has a list of the Cap and Skull members from 1900 forward, including honorary members. a history of some Rutgers traditions, including lyrics to some school songs.  members section that is password protected, and a kick ass animated skull that goes through the motion of a tortured scream (though without sound). —ExplorerCDT 06:51, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * P.S. FYI, the webpage is also located at www.capandskull.org. —ExplorerCDT 06:58, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks!
Eep! I'll go remove it now. Ambi 08:14, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thank you
Thanks for your support on my RFA request. It seems that had I waited one day with self-nominating, it would have succeeded. Jordi·✆ 09:05, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Answer
Old Right, Crevaner and myself are all friends. We live near each other and have an Email correspondence. We've decided to occasionally collaborate on VFD. Nothing wrong with that. -- Judson 16:56, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Follow-up
Mr. Ward, I can't speak for Crevaner and Old Right but I for one would indeed mind it if you checked my IP, it's kind of an invasion of privacy. However, with regards to bloc voting for VFD, I'll email the others and tell them we should quit that. -- Judson 19:55, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * oh, you misunderstand. i would never see your ip.  nor i think would a developer.  they would simply run a database query to see if the ip's matched, without seeing what the ip actually is.  however, the issue is moot for me if you intend to stop bloc voting.  thanks. Michael Ward 20:01, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

thanks
Ah, thanks for the note. I do hope you are right (I've been following pretty closely). Regards, and happy new year, Antandrus 20:08, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I understand
I was hoping that the Triangular Earth Calendar would receive more visibility as well by being at Wikipedia, though not to simply use Wikipedia for self promotion, but because it is a logical system that can be of great benefit, imho. I will simply bide my time on the TEC, and press it through other avenues, and return with the article after some acceptance, use, and review have been generated to a sufficient level to allow for a Wikipedia article. Until then, I hope to continue to add my knowledge to the Wikipedia in several areas. Thank you for your comments. --DeWayne Lehman 22:22, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Damian_MichaÅ‚owski vfd
curious why you changed this name on VFD to use coding for the special characters. your way, the vfd page cannot be accessed in my browser (netscape). does lack of the coding cause a similar problem for you? Michael Ward 19:51, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Oh, I hadn't noticed that. I didn't actually change it, my browser did. I suspect the original VfD name contained non-ISO-8859-1 characters. The english wikipedia is in the ISO-8859-1 character encoding, but due to bugs some browsers will let you submit invalid characters. My browser refused to send invalid data when I submitted my VfDs, so it tried to change the text into the closest valid thing in ISO-8859-1, which obviously didn't work too well. If you could give me a link to the page in question or its VfD I'll see if I can fix it up. --fvw *  19:58, 2005 Jan 6 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I changed it back .  I've seen this type of thing happen 3 or 4 times before on VFD, so I was just wondering about it. Michael Ward 20:08, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * That's not much help I'm afraid, as the next time I or someone else with a strict browser comes by it'll be mutilated back into valid ISO-8859-1. The only solution is to not use invalid characters in titles: I've moved it off now and changed the include, all should be well now. --fvw *  20:13, 2005 Jan 6 (UTC)

Julian Joseph
Hi, sorry about the copyvio. I submitted a stub that contains pretty general knowledge, and put it on the Temp page. I have no idea what to do with it from there, but as an editor you can chose to do with it as you wish. Thanks for your help.

Shell command
There was no page to restore: it was just a test page, and the redirect to it has also been deleted. -- Francs2000 | Talk 17:35, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

137.222.10.67
This is currently my IP address, but I imagine it is shared with others as I am on a university network, so I'm not sure who your message about adding nonsense was directed to. Just thought you'd like to know. Orange Goblin 23:26, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thank You! from Carbonite
Thank you for supporting my RfA. I very much appreciate your confidence in me. Please let me know if you see something I should (or shouldn't) be doing as an admin. Regards, Patrick. Carbonite | Talk 13:44, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Hi Michael, this is to say thank you for voting for me in my adminship nomination. I really do appreciate your support. Best, SlimVirgin 02:27, Mar 24, 2005 (UTC)

KTVX
You have received this message because you have edited a Salt Lake City media article in the past. We have recently had an edit war regarding the wording and inclusion of a paragraph on the KTVX article. In hopes of resolving this I have put together an informal survey. If you are interested, please stop by Talk:KTVX and add a vote. Thanks, A 09:42, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Michael Ward