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Einstein (crater)

Einstein is a large lunar impact crater that lies along the western limb of the Moon, which makes it difficult to observe from the Earth. The visibility of this formation is subject to libration effects, but even under the best conditions not much detail can be observed except from lunar orbit. Nearby craters of note include Moseley just to the north, Dalton along the eastern rim, Vasco da Gama just to the southeast, and Bohr to the south-southeast. The formation Vallis Bohr is visible to the south.

The outer rim of this walled plain has been strongly obliterated by many smaller impacts. Occupying the center of the interior floor is Einstein A, an impact crater with terraced inner walls and a central peak. The outer rampart of this concentric crater spreads across the interior floor, covering over half the diameter of Einstein. Several smaller craters also lie scattered across the floor, but there are sections of relatively flat surface in the southwest part of the floor. Two small craters on the west side have fissured floors. These are believed to be secondary craters from the Orientale impact to the south.

The widespread notion that this crater was discovered by Patrick Moore in 1939  is probably erroneous. In the middle of the 20th century Hugh Percy Wilkins designated the crater Caramuel to honor Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz. The crater was known under this unofficial name for some time, but neither this name, nor almost all of Wilkins' other nomenclature, were adopted by the International Astronomical Union. In 1963 E. Whitaker and D.W.G. Arthur named thie crater Einstein after Albert Einstein, and in 1964 this name was adopted by the IAU. Wilkins' map also contained a crater called Einstein, but it is a less prominent one – Simpelius D.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Einstein.

title: Einstein (crater)


text: Talk:List of Ohio county name etymologies, A-K

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
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Hecataeus (crater)

Hecataeus is a large lunar impact crater that lies near the eastern limb of the Moon. It is attached to the northern rim of the walled plain Humboldt. To the northeast is the smaller crater Gibbs. East of Hecataeus is a chain of small craters forming a line radial to Humboldt; these are designated the Catena Humboldt, named after the walled plain.

Hecataeus is a worn and eroded walled plain with wide inner walls. Its northern part overlies half of Hecataeus K, a fairly substantial crater. Along the southern rim, the outer rampart of ejecta from Humboldt forms a rugged interior surface across the southern floor. Several small, bowl-shaped craters lay across the eastern rim and inner wall. The western rim is much less damaged by impacts, although it is still eroded. The northern part of the interior floor is relatively featureless.

The crater was named after Hecataeus of Miletus by the IAU in 1935.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Hecataeus.

title: Hecataeus (crater)


text:
Peter Thomas, Baron Thomas of Gwydir

Peter John Mitchell Thomas, Baron Thomas of Gwydir, (31 July 1920 – 4 February 2008) was a British Conservative politician. He was the first Welshman to become Chairman of the Conservative Party, serving from 1970 to 1972, and the first Conservative to serve as Secretary of State for Wales, holding that office from 1970 to 1974.

Early life and career
Thomas was born in Llanrwst, where his father was a solicitor. He was educated at the village school, and then Epworth College in Rhyl, before reading law at Jesus College, Oxford. He joined the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1939, on the outbreak of the Second World War. He was shot down while serving as a bomber pilot in 1941, and spent four years in prisoner-of-war camps in Germany, moving from Stalag Luft VI to Stalag Luft III and then at Stalag XI-B. He continued his legal studies while imprisoned, and was also an amateur actor.

He became a barrister after the war, and was called to the Bar in 1947 at Middle Temple. He practised on the Wales and Chester circuit, and took silk in 1965. He became deputy chairman of Cheshire quarter sessions in 1966, and then of Denbighshire quarter sessions in 1968, serving in both offices until 1970. He was a Crown Court recorder from 1974 to 1988, and also sat as an arbitrator on the Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris.

He was bilingual in Welsh and English, and took an active part in the Gorsedd, attending Eisteddfodau under the bardic name Pedr Conwy (Welsh: Peter from Conway).

Marriage
He married Tessa Dean in 1947. She was the daughter of actor and film and theatrical producer Basil Dean and his wife, Lady Mercy Greville. His wife died in 1985, and he outlived both of their two sons. He was survived by his two daughters upon his death in February 2008 at the age of 87.

Political career
Thomas was elected to Parliament as MP for Conway in 1951, winning a narrow majority in the marginal seat over the Labour incumbent. He turned down the position of Under-Secretary of State for Wales at the Home Office to concentrate on his legal career, but later served as Parliamentary private secretary to Sir Harry Hylton-Foster (the Solicitor General and later Speaker) from 1954 to 1959. He was a member of the Council of Europe from 1957 to 1959, and sponsored the private members bill that became the Eisteddfod Act 1959.

He served as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Labour 1959–61, taking charge of the measures that abolished the requirements for employees to be paid in cash and the maximum wage for professional footballer (£14 per week in November 1960). He moved to become Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign Office in 1961, travelling to Moscow with Lord Home in 1963 to sign the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. He was promoted to Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in 1963, and was sworn of the Privy Council in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1964, but left office when his party lost the 1964 general election. In opposition, he was a spokesman on foreign affairs and then law from 1965 to 1966. Although he had held his Conway seat (and steadily increased his majority) since 1951,  he narrowly lost to Labour at the 1966 general election, but returned as MP for Hendon South at the general election in June 1970, a position which he held until retiring in 1987.

During the whole of Edward Heath's premiership he held the position of Secretary of State for Wales. He was Secretary of State during a period of violent activism by proponents of the Welsh language, including bombings and a campaign by the Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (Welsh Language Society) to remove English road signs. In February 1971, paralleling plans to reorganise local government in England, Thomas announced the plans to replace the existing 181 local councils with 7 new county councils counties and 36 district councils. An extra county council was added later, for Cardiff. Thomas also served as Chairman of the Conservative Party between 1970 and 1972.

Thomas remained Welsh spokesman after the Conservative Party lost the general election in February 1974, but left the front bench when Margaret Thatcher became party leader in February 1975. He became active on backbench committees, and was president of the Conservative Friends of Israel. He retired from the House of Commons at the 1987 general election, and was raised to the peerage for life in the Dissolution Honours that year, gazetted as Baron Thomas of Gwydir, of Llanrwst in the County of Gwynedd.

title: Peter Thomas, Baron Thomas of Gwydir


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Lagrange (crater)

Lagrange is a lunar impact crater that is attached to the northwestern rim of the crater Piazzi. It lies near the southwestern limb of the Moon, and the appearance is oblong due to foreshortening. To the northwest of this feature is the Montes Cordillera, a ring-shaped mountain range that surrounds the immense Mare Orientale impact basin.

The southwestern half of this walled plain has been heavily damaged by the mass of ejecta from Mare Orientale. This material forms an irregular striation in the surface that is radial to the Mare Orientale basin. As a result, only the northeast part of the crater is somewhat intact; the remainder just forms an uneven depression in the surface that is covered in long ridges and gouges. The most notable feature in this section is the small bowl-shaped crater Lagrange D.

The surviving section of the rim is worn and eroded, forming an arc-shaped range of low ridges in the surface. The interior floor in this section is relatively level, but even this surface contains traces of the Mare Orientale ejecta.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Lagrange.

title: Lagrange (crater)


text:
Talk:Home cinema

Definition
The discussion of "what is a Home Theater" is a pretty heated one. Participants at the avsforum.com often debate this, often heatedly.

Perhaps the most important reason for the debate is to help people that are interested in home theater to identify to others outside the "hobby" precisely what they have. Hence, "come see a movie on my home theater" could mean watching a movie on a 13" TV with a Walmart home-theater-in-a-box or seeing the same movie in a dedicated room that rivals a Hollywood mogul's private screening room.

So, how do you define "home theater"?
 * Minimum: 27-inch screen; surround sound; DVD player.  Tysto 07:33, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

What about FILM ?
I had home theatre years ago--and so did many others--with 16mm projetors. In fact there were even Cinemascope releases on Super16 with anamorphic lenses. But I see no mention of Film Projectors in this article —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.126.238.69 (talk) 07:07, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

What is "cinch"?
What is the term "cinch" as used in this article? I've never encountered it before. Rlw 00:43, Feb 14, 2005 (UTC)
 * If something is a cinch, it is very easy to accomplish. I think it's an American word, I'v only ever heard it on American TV. It's slang, similar to the English "it's a doddle". I can't find tilde on my new keyboard...a-ha! boffy_b 22:20, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In this context, it refers to CINCH/AV connectors, otherwise known as RCA connectors. I've changed the references to be clearer. --Tysto 07:33, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Home Cinema or Home Theater?
Isn't home theater the more common version of the concept? For instance, Google returns the following pages for the terms:

'home theater': 259,000,000

'home theatre': 204,000,000

'home cinema': 204,000,000

I think Home Cinema should redirect to Home Theater, rather than the other way. --Priyatu 13:08, 10 February 2006 (UTC) --Teque5 2007.04.17 Seems to be pretty conclusive, in any case. BTW, I disagree with the poster below. The term "Theater" may be ambiguous by itself, but "Home Theater" like "Dinner Theater" is totally unambiguous. Memobug (talk) on 10/28/2009
 * That was my first thought too, but I hesitate to make that sort of change for fear of offending the Brits . A Google fight on US v. UK terminology will always favor US; there are 300 million Americans and 60 million Britons. --Tysto 05:17, 11 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I am not sure if the issue is as simple as that - it is much more than a clash between an American and British terminology. It must be remembered that English is spoken by people who are neither American or British. Question is how many people use the term 'Home Cinema' and how many do 'Home Theater'. Google, it might be said, gives a good approximation of the influence each word has so far as usage is concerned. I would still stick to my point that 'Home Cinema' should point to 'Home Theater', and not the other way round. --Priyatu 05:57, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Well I dont know about british terminology, but I type 'Home Theater' everytime.
 * Are the Google results sensitive to the search origin? This is what I am getting today:
 * 1) Results 1 - 10 of about 52,600,000 for "home theater" [definition]. (0.18 seconds)
 * 2) Results 1 - 10 of about 22,400,000 for "home cinema". (0.46 seconds)
 * 3) Results 1 - 10 of about 19,900,000 for "home theatre". (0.37 seconds)
 * The problem with using theatre or theater is that it is ambiguous. A theatre is more commonly a place to go and see a play, or (in exclusively US terminology) it can be a place to go and see a film. However, "cinema" is unambiguous and is also used in US English alongside "movie theatre". Additionally, cinema is closer to the German "kino", French "cinema", italian "cinema", spanish "cine" etc. etc. Thus non-native English speakers will struggle less with "cinema" than "theatre". So, I think we need to stick with "home cinema", because a) it is unambiguous and b) it will reduce confusion for non-native English speakers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 20.133.0.15 (talk) 13:07, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

That's nonsense. I'm brazilian (thus, portuguese is my native language) and we use the term Home Theater, not Home Cinema, even though, as you pointed out, "cinema" is also a portuguese world. But the fact is that Home Theater is the term used world wide, and that's how is known here. I think the same is true with other latin languages (italain, french, spanish, etc.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.236.84.43 (talk) 21:54, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

should this be called home theater, not cinema? every site I go to like AVS, audioholics and hometheater call home theater. so please anyone with some power please change it to hometheater. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.96.92.43 (talk) 03:43, 22 March 2013 (UTC)

I made a technical request to move this article to "Home theater". As discussed, the term "home theater" is the more common one for the concept. - The Aviv (talk) 11:31, 3 November 2013 (UTC)

For results regarding the move request, see the section titled "Move?". - The Aviv (talk) 19:12, 17 November 2013 (UTC)

merge Home theater seating here
Looks like it would make a nice addition here. Does not look strong enough for its own article. Cheers, :) Dloh cierekim  12:49, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

My photo
I think my photo is good for the backyard theater part; the previous image was "same as above without screen image". Daniel Christensen (talk) 14:48, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

OMG I can't believe my picture is still there. Daniel Christensen (talk) 18:10, 7 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Holy crap, it's STILL there. Haha I'm going to change it myself. Daniel Christensen (talk) 00:36, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: not moved Armbrust The Homunculus 09:29, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

Home cinema → Home theater – The term "home theater" is the more common one for the concept, as discussed. - The Aviv (talk) 11:22, 3 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Here in England a cinema is a cinema and a theatre is a place where actors act live. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 11:37, 3 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose WP:ENGVAR, MOS:RETAIN? You are also basing this on a discussion that took place in 2006 and 2009. --  axg //  ✉  ]] ''' 00:14, 4 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Cautious support. This article appears to be in American English, and the most common American English name for this (by far) is "home theater". So (unless I'm wrong and this article was originally British English, in which case, obviously I'd oppose) MOS:RETAIN is fully irrelevant. The question raised by WP:ENGVAR is whether or not to go with an uncommon "neutral" name versus following WP:COMMONNAME. I'd support the second option, but this is tricky, and I understand both sides here. Red Slash 03:24, 4 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:RETAIN. The earliest version of this article was given the name "home cinema". Various early expansions of the article kept the UK point of view, including the use of "cinch" connector rather than the American-style RCA connector. Binksternet (talk) 15:37, 4 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:ENGVAR. Never called "home theater", or even "home theatre", in the UK. We don't call places where films are shown theaters, only cinemas, so this would be utterly confusing for a British reader. -- Necrothesp (talk) 17:12, 5 November 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Pics, general vitals
This article needs good references. There is also a lot of unreferenced material, weasel words (such as comparison to theater builds to a new car). A lot of info might have been true, if unreferenced and even virtually unreferencable, but is very outdated. I added a little 2010s section and a couple images. The one to the right was removed (PS3-2007, 2004 high-end TV, DVD, VCR, SNES); I know it's bad, but so are the other images. The one in the lead wouldn't even count as a decent living room setup anymore, with a TV that small. As of 2016, a 50 or 60 inch 4K resolution TV much larger costs about as much as a 1080p TV of about 40 inches in 2007. The very definition of "home theater" is different now that a flat panel TV is just a generic household electronic. If good references cannot be found due to nature of this cold and heartless topic, callous, ignorant and irrelevant to real world problems, then it should be cut down greatly to just sum up the key points. B137 (talk) 18:44, 9 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Look like there's an abundance of photos on Flickr, wouldn't be surprised if some have already been automatically uploaded here, but I will pick a couple to replace what's here. B137 (talk) 04:05, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Looking around, I wouldn't trust the images by "Paul Chin," all varied low res photos, probably copyvios. I uploaded a couple that are more trustworthy. B137 (talk) 16:18, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Home cinema


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User:PedanticallySpeaking/Admin

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Lamarck (crater)

Lamarck is a crater in the southwestern part of the Moon. The northern portion of the crater is overlain by the walled plain Darwin. To the southeast is Byrgius.

The outer wall of this formation has been heavily damaged by subsequent impacts, leaving a disintegrated rim that forms a low, irregular ridge in the surface. Parts of the crater are also overlain by ejecta from the Mare Orientale basin to the east. The most notable feature in the interior is the tiny, bowl-shaped impact crater Lamarck B. The remainder of the floor forms a rolling, uneven plain.

Attached to the southwestern rim is Lamarck A, a large but equally disintegrated crater. Lamarck D is a huge formation that lies to the west of Lamarck A. However, this last feature is also worn to the point where it is barely recognizable as a crater.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Lamarck.

title: Lamarck (crater)


text:
User:Emerman/Copyrights

Articles
All Wikipedia main namespace article text or text edits produced by Emerman explicitly excluding all main talk edits, user pages, and user talk page comments are dual licensed as described below. Any other namespace (such as Wikipedia:, User:, Talk: or User Talk:) is excluded. This license is retroactive, however, I reserve the right to cease using the dual license at any time by removing this notice from my page. The most recent notice shall have priority.

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User talk:UmpireAJS

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text:
Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.

Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. (ゴジラ×モスラ×メカゴジラ 東京SOS) is a 2003 Japanese kaiju film directed by Masaaki Tezuka, with special effects by Eiichi Asada. Distributed by Toho and produced under their subsidiary Toho Pictures, it is the 28th film in the Godzilla franchise, the fifth film in the franchise's Millennium series, the 27th Godzilla film produced by Toho, and a direct sequel to the 2002 film Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla. The film features the fictional monster characters Godzilla and Mothra, along with the mecha character Mechagodzilla, who is referred to in the film by the name Kiryu.

Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. stars Noboru Kaneko, Miho Yoshioka, Mitsuki Koga, Masami Nagasawa, Chihiro Otsuka, Kou Takasugi, Hiroshi Koizumi, and Akira Nakao, with Tsutomu Kitagawa as Godzilla and Motokuni Nakagawa as Kiryu. It is the only installment in the franchise's Millennium period to share continuity with a previous Godzilla film besides the original 1954 film and also shares connections with Mothra (1961).

The following entry in the series, Godzilla: Final Wars, was released on December 4, 2004.

Plot
In 2004, Kiryu undergoes repair and modifications after its battle with Godzilla one year earlier, while its remote pilot Akane Yashiro is sent to the United States for further training, with Kyosuke Akiba taking her place should Godzilla return while she is away. However, the Shobijin warn the Japanese government that Godzilla continues returning to the country because they used the original Godzilla's skeleton in Kiryu's construction. If they return the bones to the sea, Mothra will take Kiryu's place in defending Japan. Due to Mothra attacking Japan in 1961, Prime Minister Hayato Igarashi refuses, but agrees to discontinue Kiryu once it kills Godzilla. Godzilla and Mothra fight, but the former has the upper hand. With the repairs finished, the government deploys Kiryu, but Godzilla knocks both it and Mothra out.

Meanwhile, on Infant Island, twin Mothra larvae hatch from Mothra's egg and rush to help their mother. As lead scientist Yoshito Chujo uses a maintenance hatch to enter and repair Kiryu from its internal backup cockpit, the Japan Xenomorph Self-Defense Forces (JXSDF) and larvae try to hold Godzilla off, but Mothra sacrifices herself to protect the latter from Godzilla's atomic breath while a separate attack warps the maintenance hatch, trapping Yoshito inside Kiryu. Nonetheless, Yoshito completes the repairs, allowing Kiryu to weaken Godzilla. As the larvae bind it in silk and Akiba receives the order to destroy Godzilla, Kiryu's spirit is reawakened by its roar. The cyborg lifts Godzilla and uses its boosters to carry them both out to sea. After Akiba's fellow pilot Azusa Kisaragi blasts the hatch open, Kiryu turns over to let Yoshito escape before it plunges into the ocean and drifts into an underwater trench with Godzilla.

In a post-credits scene, an undisclosed laboratory is shown with canisters containing the DNA of numerous kaiju.

Writing
Toho had commissioned four story outlines for director Tezuka to choose from. Tezuka found them all boring, so instead he wrote a new story outline overnight and submitted it to the studio, which they eventually approved.

Box office
Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. opened on 14 December 2003 on a double bill with the animated feature Hamtaro: Ham Ham Grand Prix. In its opening weekend, it was third place at the box office with $1,686,009 (U.S).

Critical response
Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. has received generally positive reviews from journalistic reviewers upon its release on DVD. John Sinnott of DVD Talk gave Tokyo S.O.S. four stars out of five, saying:

There are some problems with this movie, but when all is said and done, I really enjoyed it...While this movie seems to be aimed at a younger audience without a lot of plot or characterization, it was still a lot of fun. The fight scenes were exciting and though they took up most of the movie, they never dragged on or got boring.

Giving the film a score of three out of five, Stomp Tokyo said "the plot is fairly simplistic and the character relationships are painted in broad strokes," but added that the movie "[features] the best monster action Toho has produced." Joseph Savitski of Beyond Hollywood criticized the film's "uninspired script," which he wrote had "ideas [that] are never fully developed," but added that the film is "well-made" and "mak[es] for an entertaining 91 minutes." Mark Zimmer of Digitally Obsessed gave Tokyo S.O.S. a "B" score, calling it "a fun enough action film with enough explosions and destruction of Tokyo to satisfy die-hards and casual fans alike."

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 80% based on 5 reviews, with a rating average of 6.5/10."

2023 re-release date
Fathom Events announced that the film would be re-released in the U.S. as a theatrical one day of event on March 22, 2023 for its 20th anniversary.

Home media
The film was released on DVD by Columbia/Tristar Home Entertainment on 14 December 2004. It included a "Making Of - Featurette for Special Effects." It is also available in a 3-Disc "50th Anniversary Godzilla DVD Collection" box set; along with Son of Godzilla [1967] and Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla [1974].

The film was released on blu-ray on the Toho Godzilla Collection on 6 May 2014 in a 2-Disc double feature with Godzilla: Final Wars. It included a "Making of" documentary.

title: Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.


text:
Majora (toy company)

Majora (Majora - Mário J. Oliveira & Irmão, Lda) is a Portuguese toy manufacturer based in Porto. It has its own museum, with toys more than 70 years old.

History
Majora was founded in 1939 by Mário J. Oliveira. In 1967 today's factory in Oporto was built. In that same year, mass production by Majora started improving and increasing in quantity.

The company produced various types of toys, in particular board games.

Products
Majora makes over 300 types of toys today and more than 1 million toys per year. It exports to various countries in Europe.

title: Majora (toy company)


text:
Le Gentil (crater)

Le Gentil is a lunar impact crater that is located in the south-southwest part of the Moon, near the limb, and is nearly attached to the southern rim of the huge walled plain Bailly. To the southeast is the large crater Drygalski. Due to its location, this crater appears considerably foreshortened and is viewed from an oblique angle by observers on the Earth.

As a formation this crater has been deeply eroded by impacts, leaving a heavily worn formation that is little more than a depression in the surface. The rim exists as a circular, rolling ridge with indents and notches where small craters have gouged out the surface. The interior floor is covered in a multitude of tiny craterlets and two small craters: Le Gentil C and Le Gentil B. There is a smaller craterlet attached to the eastern rim of Le Gentil C.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Le Gentil.

title: Le Gentil (crater)


text:
Snap (card game)

Snap is a card game in which players deal cards and react quickly to spot pairs of cards of the same rank. Cards are either dealt into separate piles around the table, one per player, or (particularly when played with young children) into a single shared pile. The game may be a simplified version of the older Snip Snap Snorem.

The game
The pack of cards is dealt out among the players in face-down stacks as equally as possible. Play proceeds with the players taking it in turns to remove a card from the top of their stack and place it face-up on a pile alongside it. If two cards on the tops of any of these piles are ever identical (or, if a conventional pack of cards is used, are of the same number), the first player to shout "Snap!" takes both face-up piles and adds them to the bottom of their own stack. The player who accumulates all the cards wins.

A "snap pool" is created from matching stacks if two players shout "Snap!" at the exact same time, or from a player's own stack if they shout "Snap!" in error. Players can shout "Snap pool!" instead of "Snap!" if the matching cards also match the pool, and may take the pool for doing so. (If multiple players call "snap pool", the newly matching cards are also added to the pool.)

Variations
Cards can be played onto a single shared stack, and players call "snap!" if two consecutive cards on this pile are identical. This makes the game easier for younger children. In this version, players may race to call "snap" while slapping the central pile, making the game similar to Slapjack.

A variation called "Menagerie" assigns each player an animal, and requires players to shout the name of animal corresponding to the player who laid a matching card in order to win the pile.

The game is often one of the first card games to be taught to children and is often played with special packs of cards featuring popular children's characters from television programmes or recent films.

In popular culture
In J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels, including Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry and his friends sometimes play a game called "Exploding Snap", in which some of the cards will explode at random during the game.

In the Goon Show, Eccles will yell "snap", sometimes during a poker game or while on the telephone.

In other cultures
In Germany and Austria, the game is known as Schnipp-Schnapp or Spitz, pass auf!

title: Snap (card game)


text:
Somerville (crater)

Somerville is a small lunar impact crater in the eastern part of the Moon. It lies to the east of the prominent crater Langrenus, and was designated Langrenus J before being given a name by the IAU. This is a roughly circular, bowl-shaped formation, with the larger but less conspicuous Langrenus H attached to the northwest rim. The rim has a protruding lip that extends slightly toward the southwest.

This is one of a handful of lunar craters named after a woman, Mary Somerville.

title: Somerville (crater)


text:
Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos

Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos, (14 September 1916 – 22 February 2001) was a Welsh Labour Party politician, usually associated with the moderate wing of the party. He was also regarded, particularly in later years, as a non-political figure of stature in Wales having held posts of importance in bodies such as the University of Wales.

Early life
Cledwyn Hughes was born at 13 Plashyfryd Terrace, Holyhead, the elder son of Henry David Hughes and Emma Davies (née Hughes), who was a young widow with a son, Emlyn, when she remarried in 1915.

His father, widely known as Harri Hughes, had left school at the age of twelve to work in the Dinorwic quarry, as several generations of his family had done. Aged 21, he resumed his education and entered the Calvinistic Methodist ministry, serving as the minister of Disgwylfa Chapel in Holyhead from 1915 until his death in 1947. Harri Hughes was a prominent local Liberal and a strong supporter of Lady Megan Lloyd George, who served as the Liberal MP for Anglesey from 1929.

Cledwyn Hughes was educated at the Holyhead Grammar School and at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, where he studied Law and became president of the Liberal Society. After graduating in 1937, he returned to Holyhead, and was articled to a local solicitor. As local unemployment deepened, and the Czechoslovak crisis intensified, he listened to local Independent Labour Party speakers, and joined the Labour party in 1938. His decision was also driven by the influence of the writings of R.H. Tawney and the Left Book Club. Like Tawney, he was a Christian socialist, and believed that socialism equated with fellowship. For many years, he regularly preached on Sundays in Anglesey's chapels, even when serving as a cabinet minister.

Hughes qualified as a solicitor in 1940. During the Second World War, Hughes served in the RAFVR in an administrative role, achieving the rank of Flight Lieutenant.

Early political career
In 1944, local Labour activists urged him to stand in the post-war general election against Lady Megan Lloyd George, who had served as Liberal MP for the Anglesey constituency since 1929. Despite the resistance of his father, Hughes fought the 1945 election with very little organisational support. He made 50 speeches - 45 of them in Welsh, and came within 1,081 votes of victory.

Following demobilisation in 1946, Hughes returned to Holyhead to practise as a solicitor and was appointed acting clerk to Holyhead District Council. In 1946, he became the youngest member of Anglesey County Council when he was elected to represent the Kingsland Ward in Holyhead. He remained a county councillor until 1953 and maintained good relations with the County Council throughout his time as a Member of Parliament, and had some success in bringing employment to the island.

In 1950, he challenged Lady Megan again, but she beat him by 2,000 votes. This was partly because, although a Liberal, she had identified with Labour. In 1951 general election, however, when Labour lost ground nationally, he ousted her by 595 votes.

Early parliamentary career
In his maiden speech on 8 November 1951, Hughes addressed a number of issues that would recur during his parliamentary career, including the deficiencies of housing on Anglesey, the case for devolution in Wales, and his concerns about the future of the Welsh language.

In his first term as MP for Anglesey, Hughes placed considerable emphasis on attracting new jobs to the island. He was acutely aware that a large proportion of the young people were obliged to leave Anglesey to look for work, and Hughes was active in the process of securing the Wylfa nuclear power station and later an aluminium smelter project to be located on the island. Such efforts contributed to an increase in his majority to 4,568 at the 1955 General Election.

During his early parliamentary career, Hughes concentrated on Welsh issues. Together with a number of other Welsh-speaking Labour MPs, he supported the Parliament for Wales Campaign. In 1955, he seconded a bill proposed by S.O. Davies in favour of such a parliament but it was supported by only fourteen members of the Commons. A national petition was launched in 1956, which resulted in his being reported to the Labour national executive by the south-Wales-dominated Welsh Council of Labour. Following the failure of this campaign, Hughes supported efforts to secure a Secretary of State for Wales and this became Labour's official policy by the 1959 General Election.

In 1957 he was appointed to the Public Accounts Committee. In the following year he conducted a month-long visit to St Helena on behalf of the Labour Party. Hughes was the first MP to visit the island since it was ceded to the British Government by the East India Company in 1843. Hughes submitted a highly critical report describing the "appalling poverty" of the island's inhabitants and assisted with the establishment of the island's first trade union. This visit established Hughes's reputation as a politician actively involved with the affairs of the Commonwealth.

In 1959, Hugh Gaitskell appointed Hughes as a shadow spokesman on housing and local government.

When Labour came to power in 1964, Hughes was appointed Minister of State for Commonwealth Relations and this turned out to be an inspired appointment which Harold Wilson considered to be "one of the Government's outstanding successes". During his two years in post Hughes was heavily involved with decolonization and represented the British Government at the independence celebrations of Malta, Kenya and the Gambia. His negotiating skills were tested by conflicts within the Commonwealth, notably in Cyprus, Malaysia and the Indian sub-continent where Hughes negotiated a cease-fire between India and Pakistan following a military conflict in the Rann of Kutch during June 1965. Hughes was also involved in the negotiations to avert a unilateral declaration of independence in Southern Rhodesia. In July 1965, he visited Salisbury for talks with Ian Smith, but these were unsuccessful and Smith declared UDI the following November.

Secretary of State for Wales
In 1966, Wilson made him Secretary of State for Wales in succession to Jim Griffiths. Hughes was supported as Minister of State by George Thomas until 1967 and then by Eirene White who spoke warmly of his support and encouragement in that he allowed her to carry out her duties without undue interference.

His first months at the Welsh Office were difficult despite the fact that Labour had won 32 of the 36 Welsh constituencies. On 14 July 1966, Gwynfor Evans won the Carmarthen by-election to become the first Plaid Cymru MP leading to an upsurge in support for political nationalism, which was also reflected in the Welsh Language Society's active campaign for bilingual road tax licences. Within the Labour Party a minority of Welsh MPs and activists supported some form of devolution reminiscent of the campaign which Hughes had supported in the 1950s. At the same time many of Hughes's Labour colleagues, particularly veteran MPs in the industrial south, were fiercely opposed to any form of devolution. Hughes ended up caught between these two wings, and disappointed those who had anticipated a greater move towards devolution. In 1968 Hughes was succeeded as Secretary of State by George Thomas, whose views on the subject were fundamentally opposed to those of his predecessor.

Hughes's term of office was also deeply affected by the tragedy at Aberfan in October 1966, when a colliery spoil heap engulfed the primary school, leaving 144 dead, the vast majority of them children. Hughes immediately flew to the scene, and helped direct the rescue effort and ensure the well-being of survivors. An inquiry was set up under Lord Justice Edmund-Davies which, amongst its conclusions, stated that Lord Robens, the National Coal Board chairman, had misled Hughes in claiming that all tips were regularly inspected. Hughes described the Aberfan disaster as the darkest days of his life.

He spent much of his time developing the nascent Welsh Office, creating a new civil service structure in Wales and seeking to build the economic base. This included the opening of the Anglesey Aluminium smelter at Holyhead in his constituency. In 1967, Hughes was successful in securing that the Royal Mint be located at Llantrisant in south Wales rather than in Scotland or Durham, as argued by his cabinet colleagues William Ross and Anthony Greenwood respectively. The episode was regarded as enhancing the stature of the relatively new Welsh Office, as well as strengthening Hughes's position in the Cabinet.

Minister for Agriculture
In 1968 Wilson moved Hughes to become Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Hughes was disappointed to leave the Welsh Office, not least because he had done much preparatory work for the investiture of the Prince of Wales scheduled for 1969. This included sending a monthly letter on Welsh affairs to the Prince, then at Cambridge.

At Agriculture, Hughes replaced Fred Peart, who was strongly opposed to the Common Market. In contrast, Hughes was a supporter, and a great admirer of Roy Jenkins. Despite an early gaffe when he told Danish bacon producers that their product was "the choice of the British housewife", Hughes fared better than most Labour incumbents in this post, and set out to boost home food production with incentives for producers of cereals and red meat. He also dealt effectively with the consequences of a severe outbreak of foot and mouth disease by ensuring that the recommendations of an enquiry chaired by the Duke of Northumberland were implemented. This action prevented another major occurrence of the disease for many years. During his time as Secretary of State for Wales, Hughes had favoured extending the nascent department's powers over agriculture and health; as Minister of Agriculture, he transferred powers over agriculture in Wales to the Welsh Office.

Later Commons career
The 1970 General Election in Anglesey was a difficult one for Hughes, who was heavily criticized by Plaid Cymru supporters. At the count there were unpleasant scenes.

Following Labour's defeat, Hughes was not elected to the Shadow Cabinet but kept the Agriculture portfolio. However, in 1972 he was dismissed by Wilson for voting in favour of entry into the Common Market. He remained a strong pro-European and was a vice-president of the umbrella group Britain in Europe during the 1975 referendum.

On return to office in 1974, Hughes was disappointed not to be offered a ministerial post. However he successfully challenged Ian Mikardo for the chairmanship of the Parliamentary Labour Party, and held the post throughout the parliament. His ability to nudge people into loyalty were in great demand in view of the Government's small majority.

In 1976, Wilson resigned suddenly and Hughes was tasked as chairman of the PLP with organizing the election of a successor. Hughes was close politically not only to Roy Jenkins but also to James Callaghan who he had first met in 1949 at the home of Glenys Kinnock's parents in Holyhead. Upon his election, James Callaghan recommended the appointment of Hughes as a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour.

In March 1977, Hughes was actively involved in the negotiations that led to the Lib-Lab pact. In the autumn of the following year, when the Callaghan government did not have a majority in the Commons, Hughes persuaded the three Plaid Cymru members to support the government in return for a commitment to legislate for compensation to workers suffering from silicosis as a result of working in the slate quarrying industry.

In late 1978 he was once again despatched as an envoy to Rhodesia, seeking to accelerate the handover of power to the majority population, but as in 1965, he made little headway in persuading Ian Smith to co-operate. Hughes also failed to persuade Joshua Nkomo to give up the armed struggle.

In 1979 was hugely disappointed by the decisive referendum vote against devolution for Wales held on 1 March 1979. He did eventually participate in the 1997 campaign that led to a narrow vote in favour.

Weeks later, he stood down from his Anglesey seat and was succeeded as Labour candidate by his close ally, Elystan Morgan. However, the seat was surprisingly lost to the Conservative candidate Keith Best with a substantial swing. The result underlined the extent to which Hughes had built up a personal vote during his 29 years as MP for the constituency. Labour did not recapture the seat until 2001.

House of Lords
On 16 July 1979 he was made a life peer as Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos, of Holyhead in the Isle of Anglesey. After the death of Lord Goronwy-Roberts in July 1981, Cledwyn became Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords. In November 1982 he challenged Fred Peart for the role of Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords, following dissatisfaction among leading Labour peers towards Peart's leadership. For the next decade he proved highly skilled in organizing the resources at his disposal to keep the government under scrutiny. There were only around 120 Labour peers, and a third of them were too unwell or elderly to regularly participate in debates. During this time the debates in the Lords were televised (at a time when those in the Commons were not) and this gave significant prominence to the Labour opposition in the Lords.

For most of his decade as Labour leader and, as such, a member of the Shadow Cabinet, Neil Kinnock was the leader of the Labour Party and they formed a strong working relationship. Had Labour won the 1992 General Election, Kinnock would have appointed Lord Cledwyn to a Cabinet post. Labour's defeat was a great disappointment to him, as he was unable to implement his proposals to reform the institution. The leadership passed to another Welshman, Lord Richard of Ammanford.

Later life
During his later years, Lord Cledwyn took on a number of roles in Welsh public life. From 1976 until 1985 he was President of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has a building named after him at Aberystwyth, which is home to the School of Business and Management. He relinquished this post in 1985 on being appointed Pro-Chancellor of the University of Wales. Over the next decade he devoted much of his time to the University's various problems, including financial challenges. In particular, he was successful in obtaining funding from the Conservative government to allow the merger of the University College at Cardiff with the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology to form what became Cardiff University. In 1995 he became President of the University College of North Wales, Bangor.

Another of his great interests was his involvement in campaigns for recognition of the Welsh language. Most notably, in 1980, he played a leading part in persuading William Whitelaw to change government policy and to establish a Welsh language television service. He was thus instrumental in persuading Gwynfor Evans to abandon his intention to begin a hunger strike. The new channel was launched as S4C in 1982. Most of his contributions in the House of Lords during the last decade of his life were on Welsh subjects.

Family
In 1949 he married Jean Beatrice, daughter of Captain Jesse Hughes, of Holyhead. She shared both his religion and politics. Cledwyn and Jean Hughes had two children, a daughter, Ann and son, Harri. From 1955 until 1959 the family lived in London, but in 1959 decided that they move back to Anglesey where the children could be brought up in a Welsh speaking community.

Lord Cledwyn died, aged 84, at Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan on 22 February 2001. Following a public funeral service at Disgwylfa Chapel on 27 February, he was buried at Maeshyfryd Cemetery, Holyhead.

Tributes and assessment
On learning of his death, former Prime Minister James Callaghan said that Cledwyn Hughes 'was an unfailing counsellor to me throughout my political life, and especially during my time as prime minister. Wales has lost a great man, and I mourn a true friend.'

Cledwyn Hughes was regarded primarily as an efficient administrator, but also as a person of great warmth and humour, with a considerable talent for storytelling. During the 1960s and 1970s his florid complexion was a familiar sight in the news. In Wales and beyond, he was known simply as Cledwyn.

Other

 * Times Guide to the House of Commons, 1979


text:
Theophrastus (crater)

Theophrastus is a small lunar impact crater at the southern part of the Sinus Amoris, a bay at the northeast part of the Mare Tranquillitatis. It was named after ancient Greek philosopher Theophrastus in 1973. It lies to the southeast of the lava-flooded crater Maraldi, and was designated Maraldi M until the IAU gave it its current name. Just to the southeast of Theophrastus is the flooded Franz.

This is a circular crater, with inner walls that slope down to the midpoint and a rim that rises slightly above the surrounding lunar mare. The crater has nearly the same low albedo as the nearby surface. It has no other distinctive features, and is not significantly eroded.

title: Theophrastus (crater)


text:
Hermann Schultz

Hermann Schultz (December 30, 1836 - May 15, 1903), German Protestant theologian, was born at Lüchow in Hanover (now in Lower Saxony).

Education
He studied at Göttingen and Erlangen, became professor at Basel in 1864, and eventually (1876) professor ordinarius at Göttingen. Here he also held the appointments of chief university preacher, councillor to the State Consistory of the Church of Hanover (from 1881) and abbot of Bursfelde (1890).

Religious position
Professor Schultz's theological standpoint was that of a moderate liberal. "It is thought by many that he has succeeded in discovering the via media between the positions of Biblical scholars like Delitzsch on the one hand and Stade on the other" (Prof. J. A. Paterson). He was well known to British and American students as the author of an excellent work on Old Testament Theology (2 vols., 1869, 5th ed., 1896; Eng. trans., 2nd ed., 1895).

Divinity of Christ
In his work on the doctrine of the Divinity of Christ (Die Lehre von der Gottheit Christi, 1881) he followed the method of Ritschl, and contended that the deity of Christ ought to be understood as the expression of the experience of the Christian community. In his own person and work Christ represents to the community a personal revelation of God. Faith in the divinity of Christ does not rest upon a miracle in nature, but upon a miracle in the moral world.

Schultz's other works

 * Die Stellung des christlichen Glaubens zur heiligen Schrift (1876; 2nd ed., 1877).
 * Die Lehre vom heiligen Abendmahl (1886).
 * Grundriss der evangelischen Dogmatik (1890; 2nd ed., 1892).
 * Grundriss der evangelischen Ethik (2nd ed., 1897).
 * Grundriss der christlichen Apologetik (2nd ed., 1902).

title: Hermann Schultz


text: User:Sheynhertz-Unbayg

title: User:Sheynhertz-Unbayg


text:
User talk:K-Flow

Asl Plz...Lol U Frst. AIM: elgrandestimpo Email: elgrandestimpo@gmail.com Site: www.rambleon.cjb.net Song I made: http://www.tindeck.com/audio/file/52aa1-bump bump budda bump.mp3

User:K-Flow
I've added the "" template to your user page (User:K-Flow), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy).

Please note that the purpose of a user page is not as personal homepage or used as a general webhosting service, but as way for active editors of Wikipedia to introduce themselves to other editors. If you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues here or on my user talk page. You may remove the deletion notice, and the page will not be deleted for the moment, but note that it may still be sent to Miscellany for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria. Calton | Talk 07:52, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:K-Flow


text:
Atomic (Lit album)

Atomic is the third studio album by the American rock band Lit, released on October 16, 2001 by Dirty Martini and RCA Records. It peaked at #36 on the US Billboard 200.

Track listing
Tracks released as non-LP B-sides
 * 1) "The Party's Over"
 * 2) "Chain of Fools" (Aretha Franklin) (added as a bonus track in the European edition)
 * 3) "I Wanna Rock" (Twisted Sister)
 * 4) "Father Christmas" (The Kinks)
 * 5) "Happy in the Meantime” (Remix)

Personnel

 * Lit
 * A. Jay Popoff – lead vocals
 * Jeremy Popoff – guitar, backing vocals
 * Kevin Baldes – bass
 * Allen Shellenberger – drums

 * Additional personnel
 * James Ehreinger – organ ("Sunny Weather")
 * Don Gilmore – background vocals
 * Gabrial McNair – synthesizer ("The Last Time Again", "She Comes")
 * Steven Tyler – background vocals ("Over My Head")
 * Danny Walker – additional lead guitar ("Next Time Around")

Bonus CD
A limited edition release of Atomic had a bonus disc with three tracks by bands from Lit's Dirty Martini label.
 * 1) Lit - "Down” (Acoustic) – 3:46
 * 2) Handsome Devil - "Makin' Money" (clean version) (Walker) – 3:30
 * 3) The Color Red - "Sore Throat" (demo version) (Meyer, Schartoff, The Color Red, Verloop, J. Zamora, M. Zamora) – 5:52

title: Atomic (Lit album)


text:
Trevor Huddleston

Ernest Urban Trevor Huddleston (15 June 1913 – 20 April 1998) was an English Anglican bishop. He was the Bishop of Stepney in London before becoming the second Archbishop of the Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean. He was best known for his anti-apartheid activism and his book Naught for Your Comfort.

Early life
Huddleston was the son of Ernest Huddleston and was born in Bedford, Bedfordshire, and educated at Lancing College (1927–1931), Christ Church, Oxford, and at Wells Theological College. He joined an Anglican religious order, the Community of the Resurrection (CR), in 1939, taking vows in 1941, having already served for three years as a curate at St Mark's Swindon. He had been made a deacon at Michaelmas 1936 (27 September) and ordained a priest the following Michaelmas (26 September 1937) — both times by Clifford Woodward, Bishop of Bristol, at Bristol Cathedral.

South Africa
In September 1940 Huddleston sailed to Cape Town, and in 1943 he went to the Community of the Resurrection mission station at Rosettenville (Johannesburg, South Africa). He was sent there to build on the work of Raymond Raynes, whose monumental efforts there, building three churches, seven schools and three nursery schools catering for over 6,000 children, had proved to be so demanding that the community summoned him back to Mirfield in order to recuperate. Raynes was deeply concerned about who should be appointed to succeed him. He met Huddleston who had been appointed to nurse him while he was in the infirmary. As a result of that meeting, much to Huddleston's surprise as he had only been a member of the community for four years, Raynes was convinced that he had found his successor.

Over the course of the next 13 years in Sophiatown, Huddleston developed into a much-loved priest and respected anti-apartheid activist, earning him the nickname Makhalipile ("dauntless one"). He fought against the apartheid laws, which were increasingly systematised by the Nationalist government which was voted in by the white electorate in 1948, and in 1955 the African National Congress (ANC) bestowed the rare Isitwalandwe award of honour on him at the famous Freedom Congress in Kliptown. He was particularly concerned about the Nationalist Government's decision to bulldoze Sophiatown and forcibly remove all its inhabitants sixteen miles further away from Johannesburg. Despite Huddleston's efforts, these removals began on 9 February 1955 when Nelson Mandela described Huddleston as one of the leaders of the opposition to the removal. Among other work, he established the African Children's Feeding Scheme (which still exists today) and raised money for the Orlando Swimming Pools – the only place black children could swim in Johannesburg until post-1994.

There are many South Africans whose lives were changed by Huddleston; one of the most famous is Hugh Masekela, for whom Huddleston provided his first trumpet as a 14-year-old pupil at St. Martin's School (Rosettenville) in South Africa. Soon after the ‘Huddleston Jazz Band’ was formed, sparking a global career for Masekela and his fellow South African, Jonas Gwangwa. Other notable persons who credit Huddleston with influencing their lives include Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Sally Motlana, (activist and vice-chair of the South African Council of Churches during the 1970s); Archbishop Khotso Makhulu and Robben Islander and later President of the Land Claims Court, Fikile Bam. Huddleston was close to O R Tambo, ANC President during the years of exile, from 1962 to 1990. They hosted many conferences, protests and actions together, in the face of fierce opposition from both Margaret Thatcher, and the South African government and their allies.

Return to England, Tanzania and Mauritius
Huddleston's community asked him to return to England in 1955 (and he left South Africa in early 1956), some say due to the controversy he was attracting in speaking out against apartheid. However, the Superior at the time, Raymond Raynes, wrote that the decision to recall Trevor was made by Raynes himself. In 1956 he published his seminal work, Naught for your Comfort, and began work as the master of novices at CR's Mirfield mother house in West Yorkshire for two years before becoming the prior of the order's priory in London where he remained until his appointment as a bishop. He was consecrated a bishop on St Andrew's Day 1960 (30 November) by Leonard Beecher, Archbishop of East Africa, at St Nicholas', Ilala, Dar es Salaam, to serve as Bishop of Masasi (Tanzania), where he worked for eight years, primarily in re-organising the mission schools to be run by the newly independent government of Julius Nyerere, with whom he became a firm friend. He became Bishop of Stepney, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of London.

In 1974, Huddleston was questioned by the police in connection with complaints of alleged sexual abuse made by the parents of four boys who had been playing in Huddleston's office. In his statement Huddleston said "I have never done anything to harm a child ... Neither do I consider it indecent to pat a child on the bottom or pinch him ... The boys are telling the truth but the implications of indecency are completely absurd." The police report recommended charging him with four counts of gross indecency, but because of his high profile, the matter was referred to the director of public prosecutions, Sir Norman Skelhorn. Skelhorn decided not to charge him after consulting Labour party figures. According to some sources, the existence of the investigation and report was only uncovered as part of research for the 2004 publication of Piers McGrandle's biography (see below). However, there was no reason for the report to be public, if the case for prosecution had been dismissed.

In his biography, Trevor Huddleston: Turbulent Priest, Piers McGrandle quotes Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Bishop Gerald Ellison dismissing the claims as a plot by the South African Bureau of State Security (B.O.S.S.) to discredit a prominent opponent of apartheid. Tutu wrote the foreword for the McGrandle book, and Archbishop Rowan Williams the afterword. McGrandle was a part-time chaplain to Huddleston, and wanted to introduce Huddleston to a new generation. At a service to mark the Centenary of Huddleston's birth in June 2013, many people testified to the impact Huddleston had made on their faith and practice as Anglicans, and others, as activists.

Tutu, who as a little boy knew Huddleston and swears to his innocence, was particularly affronted by the suggestion that Huddleston was anything other than a protector of children. On 14 February 1995 he wrote a lengthy letter saying any suggestion of Huddleston's criminality was outrageous and adding that he could easily gather together a dozen black friends of Huddleston's acquaintance who would testify to his innocence and integrity.

On 14 February 1995, Desmond Tutu, the then Archbishop of Cape Town wrote: "He [Huddleston] was an enormous thorn in the side of the apartheid regime and was effectively the real spokesman for the anti-apartheid movement for a considerable period. No one did more to keep apartheid on the world's agenda than he and therefore it would have been a devastating victory for the forces of evil and darkness had he been discredited", adding "How ghastly to want to besmirch such a remarkable man, so holy and so good. How utterly despicable and awful."

Bishop Gerald Ellison, the Bishop of London when Huddleston was Bishop of Stepney, also said that political enemies of Huddleston were involved.

Ellison said: "I want to make it absolutely clear that I have seen no evidence that Bishop Trevor was ever guilty of a criminal act. He undoubtedly had many enemies in South Africa and England who wanted to denigrate him, indeed, to destroy him." Ellison was also clear that neither he, nor his legal advisers, believed anyone had the right to impede justice if there was any real evidence of guilt. However Sam Silkin, the Attorney General at the time who had taken the decision not to prosecute, later said on the radio:

 * ”I found that I was in difficulty as the man was very well known. If he had been prosecuted at all it would have ruined his career. Within the DPP’s department everyone thought he would be acquitted, though there was clearly evidence.”

After 10 years in England, Huddleston was appointed (1978) as the Bishop of Mauritius, a diocese of the Province of the Indian Ocean. Later in the same year he was elected as the Archbishop of the Province of the Indian Ocean. In 1984, he was succeeded by Rex Donat as Bishop of Mauritius.

After retirement
After his retirement from episcopal office in 1983, Huddleston continued anti-apartheid work, having become president of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in 1981. He continued to campaign against the imprisonment of children in South Africa, and was able to vote as an honorary South African in the first democratic elections on 27 April 1994. He briefly returned to South Africa but found it too difficult with his diabetic condition and increasing frailty, and returned to Mirfield. In October 1994 he was involved in the establishment of the Living South Africa Memorial, the UK's memorial to all those who lost lives under political violence, at St Martin-in-the-Fields church, London, which raised funds for education in the newly democratic South Africa, and campaigned for ongoing investment in the region, under a call to action 'It takes more than a vote to get over apartheid'.

In 1994, he received honours from Tanzania (Torch of Kilimanjaro) and was awarded the Indira Gandhi Award for Peace, Disarmament and Development. In the 1998 New Year Honours he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG).

In 1994, Huddleston was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) degree from Whittier College.

Death and legacy
Huddleston died at Mirfield, West Yorkshire, England, in 1998. A window in memory of him is in Lancing College chapel and was visited by Desmond Tutu. They had become friends when Huddleston visited a young Tutu in hospital when he was ill with TB. They later worked together opposing apartheid. The Huddleston Centre in Hackney has been delivering youth provision to disabled young people living in Hackney for over 30 years, and continues to do so. The centre bears Huddleston's name after he intervened to ensure that part of a church building was converted to provide an accessible nursery, play (and latterly youth club) space for disabled young people in Hackney, regardless of their faith. The Trevor Huddleston Memorial Centre in Sophiatown was established in 1999 following Huddleston's death and the interment of his ashes in the garden of Christ the King Church in Sophiatown where he had been active and then supervised mission activity for 13 years. The Centre delivers youth development programmes in Johannesburg as well as heritage and cultural projects promoting Huddleston's belief in developing the potential of every young person and his commitment to non-racialism, multi-faith issues and social justice.

In addition, he also bought the first trumpet of Hugh Masekela, a South African trumpeter, composer and singer, and got Louis Armstrong to give Masekela one of his own trumpets as a gift. Aged 21, Masekela left South Africa for the UK where Huddleston helped him secure a place at the Guildhall School of Music, and then he went to New York, where he began to craft his signature Afro-jazz style, under both Armstrong and Gillespie. Masekela was joined at the event by special guest and New York-born jazz pianist, Larry Willis, whom Masekela first met in those early days in Manhattan. Masekela later gave the Fr Huddleston Memorial Lecture at a special event in central London to mark the end of Huddleston's Centenary Year (June 2013-June 2014), and the 20th anniversary of democratic elections.

Hosted by the Trevor Huddleston Memorial Centre (based in Sophiatown, Johannesburg), the Gala Evening raised funds for the work of the Memorial Centre, to help young entrepreneurs get a foothold in the creative industries in South Africa. The Memorial Centre runs training and incubation for entrepreneurs, and awards the Fr Huddleston Arts Bursary to one young South African annually, giving them experience in a UK community arts setting for 3–6 months. In this way, the legacy of Huddleston in assisting young people is continued.

Books
Huddleston wrote five books, the seminal two being:

Prayer for Africa
A well-known prayer of Huddleston's is the "Prayer for Africa". It has been recited throughout South Africa, Tanzania and other African countries.

God bless Africa, Guard her people, Guide her leaders, And give her peace.

Alternative version (with emphasis on children):

God Bless Africa, Guard her children, Guide her leaders, And give her peace, for Jesus Christ's sake. Amen.

Another alternative version:

God bless Africa, God bless Africa, Guard her children, guide her leaders. God bless Africa, God bless Africa, God bless Africa and bring her peace.

Anglican parishes in South Africa now routinely say the original prayer, or a variation thereof near the end of their regular services. A slightly different variation is used every week.

Barry Smith who served as Director of Music at the St George's Cathedral in Cape Town, composed a musical accompaniment for the version that emphasizes children. See a recording at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ou_dlJGR0Pg

title: Trevor Huddleston


text: User talk:80.145.18.140

title: User talk:80.145.18.140


text:
User talk:Robroyaus

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title: User talk:Robroyaus


text:
Santa's Slay

Santa's Slay is a 2005 Christmas slasher black comedy film written and directed by David Steiman, a former assistant to Brett Ratner; Ratner served as a producer. After a millennium of spreading Christmas joy due to losing a bet with an angel, Santa Claus reverts to his demonic self and gives the gift of evil and fear. The film stars Bill Goldberg, Douglas Smith, Emilie de Ravin, Robert Culp, Saul Rubinek, Dave Thomas, Rebecca Gayheart, Chris Kattan, and Fran Drescher.

Santa's Slay was released in the United States on December 20, 2005, by Media 8 Entertainment. The film received mixed reviews from critics.

Plot
On Christmas Eve in Alberta, Canada, the Mason family is bickering about their wealth and material possessions while eating Christmas dinner when Santa Claus comes down the chimney and kills them all in various graphic displays of Christmas-themed violence, such as drowning the matriarch Virginia in eggnog, using the star atop a Christmas tree as a shuriken, and stabbing the patriarch's hands to the table with silverware and suffocating him by stuffing a leg of turkey in his mouth.

Riding on his sleigh driven by his "hell-deer", a buffalo-like beast, Santa arrives at Hell Township and decimates the locals in various holiday-themed ways. In one of his kills, Santa slaughters the occupants of a local strip club. Pastor Timmons, a crooked minister, manages to survive the massacre. Later, Santa murders the local Jewish delicatessen owner Mr. Green using his own menorah.

Meanwhile, teenager Nicholas Yuleson is living with his grandfather, a crackpot inventor who has built a bunker in their basement to survive Christmas. When Nicholas asks Grandpa why he hates Christmas, he is shown "The Book of Klaus", which reveals the origins of Santa Claus. Apparently, Santa was the result of a virgin birth produced by Satan. Christmas was "The Day of Slaying" for Santa until A.D. 1005, when an angel defeated him in a curling match and sentenced him to deliver presents on Christmas for 1,000 years. This means that Santa is free to kill again in 2005.

Upon arriving at the delicatessen, Nicholas is taken to the police station for questioning about Mr. Green's murder. He is bailed out by his love interest, Mary "Mac" Mackenzie, just before Santa arrives and kills all of the officers. Santa pursues Nicholas and Mac in a police car, but they are able to escape, thanks to a shotgun in Mac's truck. They flee to his grandpa’s bunker, with Santa still in pursuit. Nicholas and Mac manage to escape using Grandpa's snowmobile; Grandpa Yuleson is apparently killed.

The two teens hide in a local high school, hoping that Santa's powers will end once Christmas ends; but they are eventually forced to confront him in the gym. They are almost killed by Santa on a Zamboni but are saved by Grandpa, who is actually the angel who originally defeated and sentenced Santa. With Christmas over and his powers gone, Santa flees; but his "hell-deer" is shot down by Mac's father with a bazooka. Pastor Timmons is found dead in a Santa suit and is presumed to be the killer, while, in fact, the real killer Santa Claus is boarding a flight from Winnipeg to the North Pole under the name "Mr. Šatan." Nicholas notes to Mac that Santa is bound to come back, stating he's finishing what his grandfather started. He and Mac then share a kiss to pursue a relationship.

After the credits, Santa is seen looking over his Naughty List, when he looks into the camera and says "Who's Next?"

Cast

 * Douglas Smith as Nicholas Yuleson
 * Bill Goldberg as Santa Claus / Mr. Shatan
 * Emilie de Ravin as Mary "Mac" McKenzie
 * Robert Culp as Grandpa Yuleson
 * Dave Thomas as Pastor Timmons
 * Saul Rubinek as Mr. Green
 * James Caan as Darren Mason (uncredited)
 * Rebecca Gayheart as Gwen Mason
 * Chris Kattan as Jason Mason
 * Fran Drescher as Virginia Mason
 * Alicia Loren as Beth Mason
 * Annie Sorell as Taylor Mason
 * Donna Zuk as Mrs. Talbot
 * Jeff Hanna as Sean Mackenzie
 * Paul Punyi as James Mackenzie
 * Tom 'Tiny' Lister as gas station attendant
 * Scott Francis Gibson as the S.W.N.D.S.U. place kicker
 * Jimmy Herman as Vinny
 * Michael David Simms as Captain Caulk
 * Rick Ash as Officer Dick Zucker
 * Donald Bland as Bouncer
 * Christian Fraser as Bartender
 * Ron Webber as Bar Patron
 * King Lau as Security Guard
 * Dwayne Wiley as Valet
 * David Cormican as Valet
 * Kevin Gillese as Disgruntled youth
 * Ronnie as Santa's Helldeer
 * Apache as Santa's Helldeer
 * Joan Dunham as Random Grandmother
 * Joan Dunham as Random Grandmother
 * Kendall Garwryluk as Random Father
 * Magdalena Maslik as Random Mother
 * David Assaly as Twin Boys #1
 * Dylan Demas as Twin Boys #2

Release
Santa's Slay was released on DVD in the United States by Lionsgate on December 20, 2005. It was released in Canada that same day by Maple Pictures. Lionsgate later re-released the film on November 10, 2008.

Reception
Randall Colburn from The A.V. Club gave the film a positive review, calling it "simultaneously vulgar and wholesome, stupid and satirical, violent and lighthearted". Todd Martin of HorrorNews.net also liked the film, writing, "It isn't perfect and there are times when it is a little too corny for its own good but overall it is just a fun, brainless movie that has a ton of violence in it." Brett Gallman from Oh, the Horror wrote, "Admittedly, the film doesn't quite keep up the relentless pace the entire time, but it's mostly one hell of a slay ride, full of cheesy dialogue, colorful characters, and plenty of laughs." David Nusair from ReelFilm Reviews gave the film a mixed 2.5 out of 5 stars, commending the film's humor, pacing, and Goldberg's tongue-in-cheek performance while also stating that the film ran out of steam in the third act.

The film was not without its detractors. Jon Condit from Dread Central was highly critical of the film, awarding it 1.5 out of 5 stars. In his review, Condit criticized the film's writing and direction as being "sloppy" and "amateurish", also criticizing the abrupt ending.

title: Santa's Slay