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Talk:History of Saturday Night Live (2000–2005)

Ashlee Simpson
The Ashlee Simpson episode is the first time SNL became the subject of news stories since Gore appeared, so it merits full treatment. It also goes to addressing the live claim of the show's title. -Willmcw 00:37, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * -Is there some reason why the deleted info should not be included? Was it facutally incorrect? -Willmcw 02:33, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I added a bit more to it. Hopefully that's satisfactory. Everyking 02:46, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Great. I added some more too. The person who really comes out badly in all of this is Lorne Michaels, who probably lied on camera to 60 Minutes immediately after the incident.
 * In an interview after the broadcast, Michaels claims no one ever asked him if they could use lip-syncing for Simpson's performance. "If the plan had been, ya know like, they’d done the Thursday rehearsal and had lip-synched and said, 'Well, that’s what we do,' then we would have said, 'No, we can’t do that'," he says. He explains it goes against the show's essence of being live. The only time he's been aware of lip-syncing taking place, he says, "is during dance breaks where if it was all about dance, and that’s a relatively recent phenomenon."
 * http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/10/28/60minutes/main652196.shtml

 * Saturday’s incident exposed what many consider an obvious secret: that some singers who appear onstage aren’t singing live at all, or at least have their voices augmented by backing tracks. And it’s happened before on “Saturday Night Live,” too, executive producer Lorne Michaels told the Associated Press.
 * http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6322824/

 * In any case, it helps remind everyone of that watching live entertainment on television is like watching car racing - the occasional error makes it more exciting to watch. -Willmcw 05:01, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Everyking, I am continually disappointed by your unpartiality with regard to the Ashlee Simpson incident on SNL. You added what I feel are unnecessary details to my paragraph to clarify that Ashlee had "acid reflux". You then reverted my addition of the fact that Ashlee blamed the band for playing the wrong song, citing it was "too complicated to get into". Please clarify why your additions are also not "too complicated". As others have tried to do, I was simply attempting to present what had happened.

I think when you look back at this in one year when you've moved on from being an Ashlee Simpson fan you will realize your bias. For me, I've wasted too much of my life already on this. Jeff schiller 05:27, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)

 * Yeah, you probably have. Well, I think it's more or less OK now, I'll do some more thinking on it, though. Everyking 05:30, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Mishap in October 2004
The mishap in October 2004 is the most newsworthy thing that has happened on SNL in years, and deserves as much attention as the comings and going of cast members, etc. Several editors worked towards a mutually satisfactory version. If other editors, such as user:Bmb8609, user:207.192.213.7, or user:207.192.206.107 would like to change it, then it would be helpful if they would discuss their edits here. Cheers, -Willmcw 20:25, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

--- OK, let's discuss: Read the original article from beginning to end, and then try to tell me that it reads like a reference piece:

"The foibles of live television were exposed in October 2004 when at the start of singer Ashlee Simpson's second musical performance of the show, a pre-recorded backing track for the wrong song was accidentally played. It turned out that Simpson's father, her manager, had decided to use vocal guide track because her voice had been weak in rehearsal due to acid reflux, a condition from which she was known to suffer. The vocal track was shut off but the musical track continued. Not knowing what to do, the band switched songs and, after a few awkward moments, Simpson walked off the stage. She subsequently apologized for the error during the show's closing—the incident served to highlight the always precarious nature of live television, as noted by the night's host, Jude Law. Coincidentally, a team of reporters from the CBS news program 60 Minutes led by Lesley Stahl had been taping and interviewing during the production cycle, and recorded both the rehearsals and the immediate reactions by Lorne Michaels and others. Michaels said that he had never been asked about using a vocal track, and would not have allowed it. Since then the production practices of SNL have been scrutinzed by reporters and Michaels has admitted that backing tracks are sometimes used..."

It doesn't sound like an encyclopedia entry, it sounds like some extremely defensive Ashlee Simpson fan who's trying to stake a case against the public chastising her (not claiming that to be, but that's how it sounds to an outsider). I have a major pet peeve with many of the articles on this site (regarding controversial issues) where it's blatently obvious that someone (or possibly more) are trying to "sneak" in as many sentences they can in an atempt to sway opinion towards or against an issue, rather than telling it like it is, which is what an ENCYCLOPEDIA does. Just for the sake of argument, I asked several people around me to read this article for themselves (giving them no prior substance or resolution as to the content of the piece), just to be sure I wasn't being a total jerk about this, and every single person who read it agreed that it was an obvious attempt at editorializing, rather than documenting, the event. You may or may not realize it as often while writing, our own opinions will play on a totally subconsious level.

The second issue is that, while you may be correct in saying that this is the most newsworthy item in SNL in years, take a look at the paragraph describing - on what many would agree - is the most controversial moment in SNL history:

"...in a 1992 show hosted by Tim Robbins, musical guest Sinéad O'Connor, in anger, sang an a capella version of Bob Marley's song "War". At the end of that number, O'Connor tore up a picture of Pope John Paul II and shouted, "fight the real enemy". The telecast prompted over 3,000 telephone calls both to NBC and its affiliates."

Three sentences. The entries on moments like the Sinead O'Conner performance, or Charlie Rocket cursing on the air, for example, don't - or at least SHOULDN'T - attempt to go into great detail on things like "Who did, or didn't approve it," or "Who's ultimately responsible for it," (and if they do, they should also be edited). They should simply state the general WHOs, WHATs, WHEREs, WHENs and WHYs of an incident. Intricate details of the WHYs and HOWs belong only when it is sufficiantly RELEVANT to the subject at hand (in this case: The History of SNL).

The point is that minor details such as WHO made the decision, WHY it happend, HOW it happened, and WHO knew it was going to happen, and other things such as whether or not Simpson was known to have acid-reflux disease, are TOTALLY IRRELEVENT in an article about Saturday Night Live. It belongs in the ASHLEE SIMPSON article, and is perfectly suitable for such as the subject is about the person, and not the show. What if I were to go into Ashlee Simpson's article and write up a small history of SNL, just for the sake of setting up the proceeding story behind the controversy? It'd be deleted, because it's irrelevant and serves no knowledgeable purpose.

Wikipedia's slogan is "The Free Encyclopedia," not "The Free Newspaper/Magazine." Please don't misunderstand: This isn't a case for or against Ashlee Simpson. I personally could care less. It's a case for proper and concise documentation. --user:Bmb8609

 * Thanks for helping out with wikipedia, and for discussing your edits. This has turned out to be a controversial paragraph, which is why I reverted your change and asked you to discuss it here. There are two issues: the content of the material and its length. As for length, if we wanted to put SNL into the right proportion with its significance we'd probably merge it all into one article. ;) But if you'll review the other articles in this series then you'll see that there are long discussions of minor cast changes and similar forgotten occurences. 13 lines on how dull Weekend Update was in the early 80's!  Heck, we've even got a whole article on the Franco is still dead joke. We have as much room as we need.

 * Regarding the content, it always seemed to me to be written in a clumsy manner- mostly my fault and also the result of accomodating editors. Your edits improved the readability but have changed the meaning. While this article is on SNL, not Ashlee, a sentence of explanatory details about the causes of the event are necessary. For the purposes of this article, what is most relevant is the reaction of the producers, which is much of what you cut. The fact that Michaels denied ever using backing tracks on camera, and it came out that he was wrong. And we haven't even added-in the fact that the following week's show made a big deal about it, both in the title sequence (Osama bin Laden) and the opening monologue - Kate singing and dancing. As for documentation, there's plenty available. Anyway, don't worry, if if gets too big we can always make it an article of its own! Cheers, -Willmcw 12:30, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * And this, my friends, is what I think we should do, make the damn thing its own article and let those Simpson fans (and you know who you are) do all the justifying and weedling they want. Let the edit wars take place in that article and leave the "History of SNL" out of it.  As I mentioned above, I've already wasted too much time fighting a certain Wikipedian's edits.  Please, someone make it a separate article and put a one-liner in this history article stating "In 2004, Ashlee Simpson had one of the most newsworthy musical performances in Saturday Night Live's history" and we can be done with it. There, now I've given the article a name, someone can start filling it in and cutting out the cruft from this article.  Jeff schiller 03:21, 2005 Jan 14 (UTC)

 * Ok, it's done. I removed the details of the Ashlee Simpson episode and put it in its own article.  Please use that article to do all the edits and leave this article for SNL history.  Thanks, Jeff schiller 21:35, 2005 Jan 24 (UTC)

 * No, this is not a proper way to handle the issue. First off, it is one paragraph, plus a paragraph on the 60 minutes show. Second, to write that is is the most newsworthy thing that happened in history, and then to say nothing else about it, is downright bizarre. It is ironic that the Simpson fan didn't want it here because he thought it made Simpson look bad, and you apparently don't want it here because it makes SNL look bad. You are both wrong. It was the most newsworthy thing that happened on SNL and it does deserve to be included in this article. Let me add that I can provide references for it. I suspect that a lot of the content of this article is original research. Shall we take it paragraph by paragraph? Better just to include the relevent and verifiable info where it belongs, in this article. Cheers, -Willmcw 21:55, 24 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * '''I don't care if it's mentioned or not...the fact is I and several people have worked hard, and put in many hours into contributing to this page about the history of SNL (I've written several articles including revamping almost all of the 1980-85 history, and weekend update section) and everking contributes ABSOLUTELY NOTHING to this article other than making sure we don't talk about ashlee simpson in the wrong light. i don't care AT ALL about simpson, whether or not she was lip synching or not, but his CONSTANT SUGAR-COATING of the issue is irritating in the fact that NO ONE CARES WHY SHE DID IT OR WHOS FAULT IT WAS.  This is the SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE article, and anyone coming here is probably not interested in the ins and outs of who decided what, or why ashlee was caught lip=synching or whatever.  They want a decent history that touches base lightly on each notable moment and the effects of that moment.  As big a deal as the news may have made about it, this whole fiasco had no long term effects on SNL (i.e. Charles Rocket's swearing getting Jean Doumaian fired), and it's not worth going into detail.  What happened happened.  Ashlee was onstage, her voice came over the speakers proving that she was either lip-synching or using a backing track (again, no average person who comes to read the history is really going to care, other than apparently everyking), she got embarrased and walked offstage, hilarity ensued, and the news made a big deal about it.  END OF STORY  I've taken my stand here, which is that if everyking INSISTS on having every facet of this story revealed, than I'm for that, and that INCLUDES the fact that it took ashlee THREE different excuses before coming up with acid reflux as the culprit (btw, I have an acid problem myself, and it doesn't affect my voice at all) AND, she was perfectly fine during the monologue, yet mysteriously "sick" when it came time to sing.  If the whole "acid reflux" thing, and the 60 minutes aftermath just HAVE TO be included at the insistance of everyking (who, if you look at the history of this page, added them back after they were removed because, "[he] felt they were important"), then I say MY info is just as important.  if he insists on his "important" info, then I suppose I'll have to stay here "'till doomsday" to ensure my "important" info doesn't get deleted either.  If you honstly think everyking's biased edits are in attempt of being neutral then he has you fooled.  look at the history of the main page, at first he INSISTED that we couldn't include the moment in the "infamous moments" section because it didn't compare favorably with other infamous moments.  YOU CALL THAT BEING NEUTRAL???  When virtually every other person who contributes to this page (and when I say contribute, i mean WRITES articles and not just "correcting" other peoples' hard work) is against his bias (and previous discussions prove this) I think it's fair to say that we're probably right, and he's probably wrong.  Whatever his feelings are on ashlee simpson are, is not our problem...it BECOMES our problem when me begins "tinkering" with other peoples articles (some of whom spent hours perfecting them) because they don't fit HIS POV and then calls himself "neutral". ha.  And believe me, I wouldn't even be SAYING anything about this if 99% of the board didn't agree that they rather he just leave and stick to writing his own ashlee simpson articles.  the fact that he's an admin is a joke

brian'''

Sources?
Do we have any sources for this article? I noiced that user:Bmb8609 added some interesting new material, but without any source. Then I noticed that there are essentially no sources for any of the assertions in this article. Can we cite our sources, please? Thanks. -Willmcw 21:45, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * sorry...my source was an article in Newsweek from October. I now have this cited with footnotes (this was the best way I could think of since I couldn't find any legal free version online), if there's a better way to cite this info please let me know.  I will try to get around to citing other items on this site as well.  Thanks user:bmb8609
 * Thanks. If the info has a source, it's that much more solid. Some of this stuff seems pretty flimsy. I don't know who wrote this, but there ought to be some sourcing for these kinds of assertions.
 * Although Fallon was quite popular, many believed that he and Sanz were far too derivative of Farley and Sandler, right down to Fallon playing the guitar and singing during Weekend Update. Both men were also criticized for their "going up" during many sketches—laughing through their lines and needling other cast members into doing the same. This became more and more common, in spite of the fact that Lorne Michaels swore his show would never become so insular or amateurish (one of the things he despised about The Carol Burnett Show).
 * That was the block that really caught my eye. "Unnamed critics" Cheers, -Willmcw 08:13, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)

 * PS - regarding the Simpson incident material, facts are interesting but try to be brief. There are two stories in this matter. Simpson's and SNL's. This article should focus primarily on what SNL did, on and off camera, and how the public and other media reacted. That's why, despite Everyking's preference, Simpson's medical history should be minimized. Singers occasionally have throat problems of one kind or another, young ladies have disorders, and the details don't matter here, but it shouldn't be laughed off either. So the part about the control booth is relevent. The sentence:
 * ''The following week Simpson's father made a statement that Simpson's throat had been sore that day because of her acid reflux disease (despite the fact that she had speaking and singing roles in the opening monologue, in which her voice was not in any way strained).
 * Really has nothing to do with SNL. It belongs in the Simpson article. -Willmcw 08:29, Feb 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that's my preference also. I just want a minimal mention. Everyking 14:48, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Simpson incident wording
My goal, whether achieved or not, was to be succinct and neutral. I do feel strongly that the words "lip-syncing" should not be avoided. That's what she was doing in ordinary parlance. (It seems clear that the practice, though denied, is common in pop singing performances). It also seems clear that the phrase "backing track" or "guide track" is a euphemism if the track is used in such a way that it is fully audible to the performance's audience. It's not clear whether Simpson's hoarseness is germane in an article about SNL, but since I think this is going to be the description of the incident in Wikipedia, I left it in. I dithered and eventually decided to include the phrase "acid reflux disease" because, regardless of what I might think about Joe Simpson's excuse, what he wanted to convey was that the decision to use the backing track was not done lightly or casually or without good reason. Dpbsmith (talk) 14:01, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * There is a distinction to be made between singing with a backing track and lip synching; Ashlee emphasized this distinction on her Today show appearance after the incident. Therefore it would be POV to side with one explanation. Everyking 14:24, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * IMHO your edit of 09:57, 20 Feb 2005 is an improvement; you've retained everything I think is important and you've significantly tightened up the paragraph. Dpbsmith (talk) 20:55, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I am going to withdraw from the Ashlee dispute on this article; I feel very bad about being involved in any conflict here and so I want to think of this as a kind of penance. Everyking 05:34, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * It'll all be the same in a hundred years, as my mom used to say. Dpbsmith (talk) 14:58, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * DP, some editors have been working on the stub version of this paragraph over at Talk:Saturday Night Live. The draft, which Everyking has given input towards, is based on an earlier paragraph here. But the new work that you and EK have done is even better. If you'd like to take a look over there and make any revisions, I'm sure it would improve the material. I'd be very happy to see something that everyone can agree on and which can go a few weeks without being disputed. Cheers, -Willmcw 21:44, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * I have to agree that what's there now is much better. It tells both sides of the story on a reasonable scale withough sugar-coating, unproven claims, or attempts to "victimize" either party.  this is probably as good as its going to get.

 * I'm not exactly sure what you're referring to by "there." I don't think that the version in the Saturday Night Live article is good. I think that either the version in the talk page, Talk:Saturday Night Live, or a fresh condensation of what's in this article, History of SNL:2000-2010, would be much better. -Willmcw 07:24, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

Alternate organization
The History of Saturday Night Live (1990-1995) has some improvements that should be considered for the other articles in the series, such as: If you agree these changs represent improvements, consider applying them here too. Thanks. 66.167.139.170 11:37, 29 January 2006 (UTC).
 * eliminating the Season Breakdown section, promoting all items within it
 * moving season-specific comments to the appropriate section instead of lumping them all together in the introduction
 * adding a Hosts and musical guests section and providing a cross-reference there to the right section in List of Saturday Night Live hosts and musical guests

Ferrell Farewell
The salute to Will Ferrell in his last episode as a contract player was an influential moment in the show's history. It actually acknowledged one of the most beloved cast members of all time was leaving and SNL dedicated an entire last segment to saying goodbye. Please keep this in the Wiki. 02:12, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Goresnl.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 23:46, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Lead Section
I am completing a homework assignment for a class. I added a lead section to the article. Feel free to edit and perfect! Tiger33055 (talk) 19:06, 3 March 2015 (UTC)


text:
Jim Munson

Jim Munson (born July 14, 1946) is a former Canadian Senator and retired journalist.

Early life and education
Jim Munson was born in Woodstock, New Brunswick, although spent most of his childhood in Campbellton. His father was a minister in the United Church of Canada.

In 1960, his father transferred to St. Lambert United Church in Saint-Lambert, Quebec. As a result, the family relocated to Saint-Lambert where Jim Munson attended Chambly County High School, graduating in 1963.

Journalism career
Munson began his career in 1965 as a disc jockey with CJLS-FM in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. He spent most of his journalism career with CTV, which he joined in 1979 after working for Broadcast News for several years. He served as the network's correspondent in Ottawa and then London, England. From 1987 to 1992 he was CTV's bureau chief in Beijing and consequently covered the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. He also covered the Iran–Iraq War and the Gulf War in the course of his career. Munson was let go by CTV in 2001.

Political career
A year later, in August 2002, he took employment with the Prime Minister's Office as Jean Chrétien's director of communications, often acting as the Prime Minister's spokesman. On December 10, 2003, two days before retiring from office, Chrétien appointed Munson to the Senate of Canada where he served as the Whip of the Senate Liberal Caucus from 2008 to 2016.

Munson represents the province of Ontario in the Senate with his official designation including the region known as Ottawa-Rideau Canal.

Munson has not claimed a Senate housing allowance since it started in 2010 to post its expenses on the Internet. His primary residence is in the National Capital Region.

On January 29, 2014, Liberal Party leader Justin Trudeau announced all Liberal Senators, including Munson, were removed from the Liberal caucus, and would continue sitting as Independents. The Senators refer to themselves as the Senate Liberal Caucus even though they are no longer members of the parliamentary Liberal caucus.

With the Senate Liberal Caucus facing losing official parliamentary caucus status in 2020 with a third of its caucus facing mandatory retirements on their turning age 75, Senator Joseph Day announced that the Senate Liberal Caucus had been dissolved and a new Progressive Senate Group formed in its wake, with the entire membership joining the new group, including this senator.

Munson retired from the Senate on July 14, 2021, his 75th birthday.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jim Munson


text:
Ted Hendricks

Theodore Paul Hendricks (born November 1, 1947), nicknamed "the Mad Stork," is a former professional American football linebacker who played for 15 seasons with the Baltimore Colts, the Green Bay Packers, and the Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders in the National Football League (NFL).

He was a member of four Super Bowl-winning teams, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1990 after being elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1987. He is the first Guatemalan-born player in the NFL. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes.

Early life
Hendricks was born in Guatemala City to a Guatemalan-born woman of Italian descent and an American father. His parents met in Guatemala while working for Pan American Airlines. Hendricks was raised in Miami Springs, Florida. He was an honor student at Hialeah High School, where he competed in basketball, baseball, track and field ,and football. Hendricks was raised bilingual and speaks fluent Spanish.

University of Miami
Hendricks received 4 scholarship offers (baseball, basketball, football and academic) from the University of Miami. He accepted the Academic scholarship and was an honors math and physics major. He is best known for his football prowess while playing stand-up defensive end for the University of Miami during the 1966 through 1968 seasons. He was a three-time All-American (1966,1967,1968) and finished fifth in the 1968 Heisman Trophy voting. While in college, Hendricks became a member of Kappa Sigma fraternity.

While playing for Miami, Hendricks made 327 total tackles (the most ever by a Miami defensive lineman). He also led the team in solo tackles by a defensive lineman with 139. Hendricks also recovered 12 fumbles during his playing career. He recorded a career-high of 4 quarterback sacks against the University of Florida in 1968. In his junior year of 1967 he caused nine turnovers.

It was at Miami that the tall, thin Hendricks gained the nickname "the Mad Stork." It was a nickname that would follow him until his NFL days, when he was simply called "the Stork". His Baltimore Colts teammate Mike Curtis attested to the appropriateness of the moniker, noting that when the 6'7" Hendricks ran with "those long, skinny legs flapping every which way...he really does look like a mad stork."

Hendricks' Miami jersey was retired in 1997. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame.

Hendricks was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame in 1980.

The Ted Hendricks Award is given annually to college football's top defensive end. The award is presented by his own 501(c)(3) foundation, the Ted Hendricks Foundation.

Baltimore Colts
Hendricks began his pro football career as a second-round pick of the Baltimore Colts in the 1969 NFL/AFL draft. He was initially listed as a defensive end, which is why he had the unusual number (for a linebacker) of 83. After coach Don Shula converted him to linebacker, he entered the starting lineup in the sixth game of his rookie 1969 season, the beginning of 69 consecutive starts with the Colts. He made 32 tackles and 2 sacks on the quarterback and knocked down 2 passes and blocked a field goal (the first of 25 blocked kicks in his career).

He played a key role in the Colts' 1970 Super Bowl V-winning season. He was the starting strong-side linebacker and recorded 67 tackles and 1-1/2 sacks while intercepting a pass. He also recorded 2 blocked kicks and knocked down 5 passes. He and fellow linebackers Mike Curtis and Ray May anchored a unit that was one of the NFL's best in defending against the run; which was 102.8 yards per game – 6th in the NFL, and allowing only 2 rushing touchdowns all season (tied with the Los Angeles Rams for first in the NFL). They allowed only 234 points, 7th in the NFL.

He was chosen to the first of four All-Pro selections in 1971. He had 63 tackles and picked off 5 passes while batting away 7 passes. He also recorded 5 sacks and blocked 2 more kicks. The Colts defense was ranked #1 in the NFL in fewest rushing yards allowed and lowest rushing attempt. The Colts made the playoffs but did not advance to the Super Bowl, losing to the Miami Dolphins.

In 1972 Hendricks recorded 99 tackles, 6 sacks, knocked down 7 passes, intercepted two passes and blocked 2 field goals. The following season Hendricks made 86 tackles and 4 sacks (bringing his Colt total to 18-1/2) and picked off 3 passes (making his Colt total 11) for 33 yards, while batting away 7 passes for the third consecutive season and blocking a punt. He was second-team All-Pro in both 1972 and 1973. He played the last of five seasons with the Colts without signing a contract.

Green Bay Packers
One week after signing to begin play in 1975 with the World Football League's Jacksonville Sharks, Hendricks was traded along with a 1975 second-round pick (28th overall–traded to Los Angeles Rams for John Hadl) from the Colts to the Green Bay Packers for Tom MacLeod and a 1975 eighth-round selection (192nd overall–Northwestern State running back Mario Cage) on August 13, 1974.

He was assigned jersey no. 56. Hendricks was then in the second straight option year of his NFL contract, and had one of his best seasons: five interceptions, seven blocked kicks (3 field goals, 3 punts and 1 extra point) and a safety, two sacks, 75 tackles, and two knocked down passes while again earning consensus All-Pro honors for the second time.

With the World Football League bankrupt, owner Al Davis of the Raiders sent two first round draft choices to the Packers for the rights to Hendricks, signing him as a limited free agent.

Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders
After the trade, Hendricks went on to nine seasons with the Raiders before retiring after the 1983 season. In his first year on the Raider team, coach John Madden used him sparingly, partly as a result of a feud Madden had with Al Davis. However, Madden eventually had him starting by the end of the 1975 season. Hendricks recorded only 27 tackles and 3 passes batted and 2 interceptions. He was used in the Raiders nickel defense and recorded 5 sacks in that role. He also recorded 4 sacks in a playoff win against the Cincinnati Bengals. Injuries limited the number of defensive lineman Madden had available so he used Hendricks as a stand-up defensive end, the position Hendricks played in college. At season's end the Raiders defense was among the NFL's top units, despite injuries to a few key defensive linemen. The Raiders led the NFL in interceptions and they ranked 2nd in the NFL in sacks, 7th in fewest points allowed, and were 3rd in total defense.

The next year Hendricks became a full-time player with the Raiders, and the Raiders switched to a 3–4 defense early in the season. Hendricks played the weakside linebacker, since All-Pro Phil Villapiano played Hendricks' strong-side; he made 57 tackles, 6 sacks, knocked down 5 passes while picking off one and blocking 2 punts. The Raiders defense was 6th in the NFL in sacks but did not finish in the top ten in points allowed or total defense. The Raiders won Super Bowl XI, the first in franchise history, and the first of three Super Bowl titles in seven seasons. Hendricks was second-team All-Pro for the first of three consecutive years.

In 1977, Hendricks moved back to the strong-side linebacker position due to Villapiano's injury and made 56 tackles, 2 sacks and knocked down 4 passes. The Raider defense was 7th in the NFL against the run and tied for 3rd in allowing the fewest rushing touchdowns. They also tied for third in the NFL with 26 interceptions.

In the 1978 season Hendricks recorded a stellar season with 78 tackles, 6 sacks, 3 interceptions, 8 passes defensed and 2 fumble recoveries. The defense tied for 4th in most interceptions in the NFL and scored 4 defensive touchdowns which tied them for 2nd most in the NFL. They were tied for 10th in fewest points allowed as well.

A vote among Raider coaches showed that all of them had voted to release Hendricks at season's end. However, owner Al Davis insisted on keeping Hendricks. Hendricks ended up making 76 tackles with a career-high 8-1/2 sacks, 3 interceptions (bringing his career total to 26) while batting 16 passes and blocking 3 kicks. The defense rebounded to #5 against the run in the NFL, #1 in intercepting passes, and were 3rd in sacking opponents quarterbacks, and 11th in the NFL in total defense and 10th in fewest points allowed. In 1980 he was a consensus first-team All-Pro for the first time since 1974 and he helped the Raiders to their win in Super Bowl XV while going to another Pro Bowl.

Hendricks was All-Pro and All-AFC in the strike-shortened 1982 season as Hendricks made 28 tackles and seven sacks in just nine games while he deflected 2 passes. The Raiders were 8–1 but were stunned in a playoff loss to the New York Jets. The Raider defense was as good as there was in the NFL for the 1982 season. They were 2nd in fewest rushing yards allowed and 2nd in sacking the opposing quarterback.

In his final campaign, 1983, Hendricks played less than at any point since 1975 but still made his eighth Pro Bowl and was second team All-AFC while recording 41 tackles, two sacks and deflecting four passes. He also blocked the 25th kick of his career and was a part of the Raiders Super Bowl XVIII victory. The defense was 4th in the NFL against the run, again tied for 2nd in sacking the quarterback, and fifth in total defense and 13th in allowing the fewest points allowed while being eighth in allowing the fewest touchdowns from scrimmage.

Accomplishments
Hendricks was a member of four Super Bowl-winning teams (three with the Raiders and one with the Colts) and was a Pro Bowl selection eight times, at least once with each of his three NFL teams.

Hendricks played in 215 consecutive regular-season games. He also participated in eight Pro Bowl games, seven AFC championships, and four Super Bowls (V with the Colts, XI, XV and XVIII with the Raiders). Hendricks was named All-Pro as a Colt in 1971, as a Packer in 1974, and twice as a Raider in 1980 and 1982. He also earned second-team All-Pro honors five other times (1972, '73, '76, '77, '78). He also earned All-conference honors in 1971, '72, '74, '76, '80, '81 and '82, while being named 2nd-team All-AFC in 1973, '78 and '83.

Hendricks was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1990, his second year of eligibility. In 1999, he was ranked number 64 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players.

He currently works on behalf of ex-players as part of the Hall of Fame Players Group. His Ted Hendricks Foundation supports health, education and research programs. The Annual Ted Hendricks Defensive End of the Year Award is presented to the most outstanding collegiate player each year. He has been named as one of the members of the NFL's all time 75th anniversary team in 1994. During the commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the NFL, Ted Hendricks was named 82nd in "Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players" of all time.

He has been awarded the Order of the Quetzal, the highest award for civilians, by his native Guatemala.

Ted Hendricks Stadium in Hialeah, Florida is named in his honor.

title: Ted Hendricks


text:
Talk:Politics of Europe

Removal of the devolutionary "independence movement" in Scania, Sweden
Somebody had written this:

There is an independence movement in the southern region of Scania, which was part of Denmark until 1658 and still shares linguistic and cultural features with Denmark.

It is true that Scania was part of Denmark. However, a very few Swedes have ever heard of any present day devolutionary forces from that county. There is a movement, Skånepartiet (party of Scania), which might have such point of views. However, there are no devolutionary forces of any significance to be mentioned on this page, and therefore, the phrase is removed.Mikael Häggström 06:37, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Furthermore it could be mentioned here that the above mentioned party got eleven votes in the last palamentary election (2006). --Muniswede (talk) 23:39, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Correction about Georgia.
Neither Abkhazia nor Abkhazian people wish to Join Russia, this is Tbilisi propaganda and must be corrected. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Quirinus79 (talk • contribs) 17:35, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Samis in Norway
As far as I know there are very few Samis that want independence. By the way, I have never heard the term "Lapland" used about any area in Norway, this is as far as I know used in Finland (and Sweden). Occasionally one hears the term "Samiland" (or "Sameland" in Norwegian). If a citation cannot be found, the claim that they want independence should be removed. By the way, what does one mean if one says that they want independence? That would have to come from the "Sameting" (Sami parliament). If just some random person says they want independence, you cannot say that the Sami people as a group want it. It must come from some representative organ! --Oddeivind (talk) 21:22, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

Secessionist and devolutionary pressures, Russia
The article about Russia ends abruptly with: This enclave is separated from the main Russian state by EU member states, which has led to......? Could someone correct this please? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.154.197.218 (talk) 06:15, 9 July 2009 (UTC)

UK
In Northern Ireland, Sinn Féin and the Social Democratic Labour Party achieve between them over 40% of the vote at elections,[3] with both parties supporting Northern Ireland leaving the United Kingdom and being reunited with the Republic of Ireland.[4][5]... this line is misleading as it implies that the secessionist movement is dominant with 40%, it should be stated also that a larger percentage are in support of union --Scottykira (talk) 13:42, 19 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Politics of Europe


text:
Talk:First Taiwan Strait Crisis

Result Section
Khaliwarriors I won't claim to be an expert on this topic, I also understand something such as "who won?" can be a divisive issue when it comes to armed conflicts of ongoing disputes. My understanding however is that while the PRC backed down, they still retained sovereignty over the Yijiangshan and Dachen Islands. If that was the case, then the result of the conflict was at least a nominal PRC victory, though some may argue it was also a ROC/KMT strategic or geo-political victory. Irregardless, "status quo ante bellum", would not be correct as the PRC gained and maintained control over territory it did not hold prior to or "ante-bellum". Once again I won't claim to be an expert on this specific event and apologize if I'm incorrect regarding the course of events. My sources include: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2020/01/12/2003729106 http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/06/16/2003592902 OgamD218 (talk) 07:44, 31 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Khaliwarriors unless you or any other editors have anything you would like to add, I am going to go ahead and revert the edit back to an outcome of PRC Victory.OgamD218 (talk) 06:12, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

The islands seized by the PRC in 1954-55 were of no strategic value. The remarkable "result" of the crisis was that both sides showed restraint and a major war was avoided. Declaring a "winner" of the conflict detracts from what both sides achieved.Brushkoff (talk) 19:41, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

Sources and POV
An edit on 05:55, 18 April 2005 deleted significant content and created a new chronology of events. The edit also changed the initial actor from the PRC to the ROC. The cited reason was: "Two different versions of the Strait Crisis existed, PRC version and ROC version." I am unaware of the version of events advanced by that edit, and neither of the article's cited sources contain that chronology. The result of the edit is also counterintuitive, as one sentence states that the ROC moved soldiers to Jinmen, and the next states that they shelled it. Further, the resulting version does not include the original timeline at all. Asymptopia 00:22, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

There were no objections, so I removed the sentence that altered the chronology of events from that listed in the sources. Asymptopia 17:56, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Mao motivations
"There are strong indications that Mao used the crisis in order to provoke the United States into making nuclear threats. He used these threats to pressure Stalin into giving PRC the atom bomb technology it needed to become a major world power."

Since Josef Stalin died on the 05.03.1953 whereas the crisis developed in 1954 this kind of motivation seems to be impossible. That's why I delete this passage from the text. --Shao (talk) 13:47, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Copy editing futile
The almost complete absence of reliable sources means that the logical thing to do would be to delete unreferenced content, leaving a stub. Copy editing prose that may never be referenced is a waste of time. Hence I have added the GOCE template to this page to say I had a look, removed copyedit template from article page, but left in place the references needed template. Regards Peter S Strempel  |  Talk   10:06, 2 April 2011 (UTC)

Map problem
The problem is that the map doesn't go far enough north (by about 30 to 35 miles or so) to show Taizhou, the Jiaojiang River, and the islands that were seized / abandoned. FeatherPluma (talk) 05:05, 21 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:First Taiwan Strait Crisis


text:
Kálmán Kánya

Kálmán de Kánya (7 November 1869 – 28 February 1945), Foreign Minister of Hungary during the Horthy era. He started his diplomatic career in Constantinople. In 1913 he appointed as Austro-Hungarian ambassador to Mexico later to Berlin. From 1933 he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. During his ministership Hungary joined to the Tripartite Pact, the county became an ally of the Nazi Germany. Inside this he tried to counterbalance Germany's hegemony with increased cooperation with Italy. On the other hand, he kept good connections with the Little Entente.

He was flying with the Prime Minister Béla Imrédy to Berchtesgaden and asked Hitler for the support of the Hungarian territorial claims. Kánya was leader of the Hungarian-Czechoslovak delegation which attended on the negotiations in Komárom. On 21 November 1938 he had to resign because of the German-Italian démarche Carpathian Ukraine's planned attack failed, when the Imrédy cabinet cancelled. During the end of the Second World War he supported István Bethlen and Miklós Kállay.

title: Kálmán Kánya


text:
Institute of Engineering

The Institute of Engineering (IOE) (Nepali: ईन्जिनियरिङ अध्ययन संस्थान), established in 1930, is one of the five technical institutes under Tribhuvan University, Nepal's largest academic institution. The current dean of the IOE is Shashidhar Ram Joshi.

IOE runs undergraduate, postgraduate and Ph.D. programs. It previously ran Diploma courses till 2012. The institute has five constituent and ten affiliated campuses in the country. Its constituent campus are namely Pulchowk Campus, Thapathali Campus, Paschimanchal Campus, Purbanchal Campus and Chitwan Engineering Campus.

Formation
The history of engineering education in Nepal can be traced to 1930, when a Technical Training School was established in Kumari Chowk, Kathmndu. The engineering section of the school offered only trades and civil sub-overseers programs. In 1959, the Nepal Engineering Institute was established with the assistance of the government of India which started offering civil overseer courses leading to a Diploma in Civil Engineering. The Technical Training Institute established in 1965 at Thapathali, with the assistance from the Government of Federal Republic of Germany which offered technician courses in general courses in General Mechanics, Auto Mechanics, Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Drafting.

In 1972, the Nepal Engineering Institute at Pulchowk and the Technical Training Institute at Thapathali were brought together under the umbrella of Tribhuvan University to constitute the Institute of Engineering. The Nepal Engineering Institute and the Technical Training Institute were later renamed as Pulchowk campus and Thapathali Campus respectively.

Establishment of constituent campuses
Later, Pashchimanchal Campus in Pokhara of IOE became operational from 1987 while Purwanchal Campus in Dharan which began operating from 1984. Recently, Chitwan Engineering Campus was established in Rampur, Chitwan in 2019, where only Architecture is offered.

Constituent campuses and affiliated colleges
Source:

Affiliated colleges (10)

 * Kantipur Engineering College
 * Khowpa College of Engineering
 * Kathmandu Engineering College
 * National College of Engineering
 * Advanced College of Engineering and Management
 * Himalaya College of Engineering
 * Kathford International College of Engineering and Management
 * Janakpur Engineering College
 * Sagarmatha Engineering College
 * Lalitpur Engineering College

Entrance examinations
Entrance examinations are conducted by Institute of Engineering yearly for undergraduate and postgraduate intake. The entrance exam for the undergraduate intake is said to be tough where more than 15,000 students from all over Nepal vie for to secure seats. Getting into Pulchowk Engineering College is the toughest followed by Thapathali Campus, as the higher ranked students are more likely to choose them While Pulchowk Campus takes just 624 students from approx. 10,000 candidates, Thapathali Campus takes almost 432 students which roughly estimates the acceptance rate to be 10% jointly. But to get computer and civil engineering is the toughest especially onto Pulchowk Campus as the seats are fullfilled under 31 and 230 rank respectively for full scholarship. While on the paying basis they are fullfilled under 210 and 400 rank respectively. The lower ranked students in the pool are likely to choose other branches or other affiliated colleges. Getting into constituent campuses of IOE is by far the toughest engineering entrance in the country.

Reservation policy
IOE has reservation criteria fulfilling which reservation quota can be claimed.

Master degree courses are running only in central campus Pulchowk as follows
Master's degree courses are running only in Thapathali campus are as follows

Ph.D. Research are undergoing in all departments only at Central Campus, Pulchowk.

title: Institute of Engineering


text:
Bobby Mattick

Robert James Mattick (December 5, 1915 – December 16, 2004) was an American professional baseball player, scout, and manager. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop for the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds. After his playing career, he most notably worked in the Toronto Blue Jays organization, including two seasons as the team's manager.

Playing career
Born in Sioux City, Iowa, Mattick was the son of outfielder Wally Mattick, who played for the Chicago White Sox in 1912 and 1913 and the St. Louis Cardinals in 1918. Bobby played only one season as a regular with the Chicago Cubs in 1940, although he played for the Cubs from 1938 to 1940 and the Cincinnati Reds in 1941 and 1942. Hampered in 1936 by a foul ball which cracked his skull above his right eye and caused double vision, he was a career .233 hitter with no home runs and 64 RBIs in 206 games.

Post-playing career
Mattick began his managerial career in the Southern League in 1944 and 1945.

From 1946 to 1978, Mattick worked for nine different baseball organizations including as a scout for the Reds, Houston Astros, Milwaukee Brewers and Montreal Expos. He was credited by some baseball personnel as an incomparable longtime scout and player development specialist, signing such stars as Frank Robinson, Vada Pinson, Curt Flood, Rusty Staub, Don Baylor, and Gary Carter.

One of the Blue Jays' original employees in its inaugural season, Bobby joined the team in 1976 as the scouting supervisor, and helped draft the expansion Blue Jays.

In 1978 Mattick was appointed the director of player development. 1980 saw him take over the role of manager from Roy Hartsfield, the Blue Jays' original manager, becoming the oldest rookie manager to start a season at 64. Mattick turned down the job several times before finally accepting; he had initially wanted to manage the team only if he could wear his regular business clothing while in the dugout, rather than a uniform. This would have made him the first manager to not wear a uniform since Connie Mack retired in the early 1950s, but the Blue Jays insisted that Mattick wear a uniform.

The Blue Jays had their best season of their young existence in 1980, missing the 100-loss mark for the first time and finishing at 67–95. The following season was interrupted by the 1981 MLB strike, and the Blue Jays improved their winning percentage but still finished in last place in the American League East division in both halves of the season. Mattick was offered the opportunity to continue managing the Blue Jays for a third season, but elected to step down.

Following the 1981 season and a 104–164 career record during his two-year tenure as manager, Mattick continued to work in the organization as executive co-ordinator of baseball operations before his promotion to vice president of baseball in 1984.

Mattick played a key administrative role in scouting and development, leading to the Blue Jays' five AL East division championships, and World Series crowns in and.

Mattick was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999, and the club renamed its spring training complex the Bobby Mattick Training Center at Englebert Complex in 2003. He was part of the Blue Jays' delegation at the 2004 Winter Meetings in Anaheim, California.

Mattick died 11 days after his 89th birthday after suffering a stroke at his Scottsdale, Arizona, home. Mattick's wife Jackie had died about two years previously. They had no children.

title: Bobby Mattick


text: Talk:Portia (Shakespeare)

title: Talk:Portia (Shakespeare)


text:
Talk:Loran-C

Apologies
I would like to make initial apologies to the original contributor of the article. I found the information in there arcane and at an unaccessible level for a general encyclopedia. I also found some bits that seemed inaccurate (for example, the original claimed that equal TD occurs along the BLL -- actually, it occurs along a line perpendicular to the BLL intersecting at the midpoint between stations).

I'd also like to make apologies for the diagram I uploaded. It is extremely crude and inaccurate (basically, the curves are not hyperbolas as they should be), but IMO it does get the point across.

I went looking for images of a LORAN station and the used images from the first website I could find -- Malone Station.

Lastly, I know that the article could have much more added to it: more info on receivers, notes about "correction factors", a note about multi-tasking stations (i.e. stations which serve as secondary and/or master and/or both in more than one chain, aka "dual-rated"), the longevity of LORAN-C in a world gone almost completely over to GPS, current LORAN-C advocacy, eLORAN and digital LORAN, more detail on LORAN-A, history of LORAN rooted in WWII.... come to mind.

-- [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler Apologie [ flame ] ]] 00:46, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)

Acronym
The LORAN acronym is actually LOng Range Aids to Navigation. —This unsigned comment was added by 147.240.236.9 (talk • contribs).

According to the US Coast Guard's 1992 LORAN Handbook, Chapter 1, "LORAN is an acronym for long-range navigation.". (PD-US-GOV) I would assume, since they are the operator of LORAN in the USA, they would know what it is called. --Dual Freq 23:57, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

It seems that the Omega_Navigation_System link does not reference the correct article -- Robert Manning

Apparently the name was changed by 1992, or more likely the copy editor for the 1992 edition got it wrong. I was a LORAN transmitter tech between 1974 and 1977 and it was indeed called Long Range Aid to Navigation in those days. I'll try to find a reference for that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.158.57.253 (talk) 22:17, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

Amongst the Stornoway fishing fleet in the 1970s the LoRAN acronym was indeed "Long Range Aid to Navigation". This can be referenced by the appearance of the acronym in the 1955 Chambers's Etymological English Dictionary (New Edition) where it is included as "long-range aid to navigation". This early reference is most likely the correct one and later descriptions, including the Oxford English Dictionary, are the propogation of a simple error. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.241.139.11 (talk • contribs) 20:31, March 11, 2011

Goniometer (Transmitters and antennas section)
The link to Goniometer seems to refer to a completely different item to anything which could be connected with a loading coil which passes high power to an antenna. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.2.202.178 (talk • contribs) 13:47, 7 September 2006

Accuracy?
Article should mention what amount of accuracy can be depended upon. Can you plot your location within, say, 10 meters with a modern LORAN receiver? Tempshill 18:12, 10 October 2006 (UTC)
 * That might refer to the test in Alaska, where WAAS type corrections were transmitted via LORAN and used as a backup for WAAS, at high latitudes. It doesn't look like it will be implemented, but it offers an interesting use for the system in an area where geosynchronous satellites are low on the horizon. That would mean that regular GPS would be less accurate than GPS + WAAS corrections sent via LORAN. Beyond that, I'm not sure I can help or provide a citation. --Dual Freq 00:05, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I will go into a story here to help explain some contrasts with GPS for accuracy. based on some use with both a GPS and LORAN receiver right beside each other circa 1992 - Just before GPS SA (Selective Availability) was order turned off by President Clinton. I arrive; and an dead on top of my secret dependable fishing hole! Say I hit save on both receivers now. The number(latitude / longitude) of the GPS are probably more accurate! However, say I come back tomorrow and following days. The LORAN receiver will be more reliable bringing me back to the EXACT same spot. Where the GPS receiver take me will vary day to day ! - not an excessive amount, but some. The GPS satellites need/require daily or more frequent updates from their ground controlling stations. Or the Satellites/GPS might be be told to position me off so far if my receiver is not Military grade and properly keyed/cleared. Now to plot the position in the receiver to a map - or share, on better days GPS is the more accurate lat/long. Wfoj2 (talk) 00:04, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Height of LORAN-C towers
Please find out the height of antenna towers used for LORAN-C transmission. If they are taller than 300 metres respectively 350 metres, than add them please to List of masts and List of world's tallest structures. In both tables, there are already entrances for the station of Port Clarence at Alaska and the former LORAN-C transmitter Hellissandur on Iceland. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.49.85.15 (talk • contribs) 15:45, 16 November 2006

411.48 m is a spurious value to use for a mast height in this article! I mean - it's specified to the nearest centimetre, but you could expect fluctuations in the ambient temperature to change the mast height by something like tens of centimetres over that distance! Indeed, when you look hard at it, you realise that someone just converted 1350ft to metric and used the value straight out of their pocket calculator without thinking! But even the 1350ft value would have been approximate. Assuming a 0.95 velocity factor, then a 1/8λ vertical (which I assume is what these things were) would come out as about 396 m for 90 kHz and 324 m for 110 kHz. I would contend that the masts for LORAN-C would be anywhere in that range of heights - IF (and it's a big 'if') the 1/8 wavelength is of any importance at all. Has anyone actually ever measured one of these things?? Steve Hosgood (talk) 13:45, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

Backup antennas
Is it possible to use backup antennas, while doing maintenance on the main antenna, without enlarging the error of position? Is it possible to tell the receiver that a backup antenna at another location is being used? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.49.218.196 (talk • contribs) 13:16, 29 November 2006

 * No backup transmitting antennas were not used. Each LORAN station was allowed once a year off-air in order to perform any required maintenance. Each station and stations within the chain strived for 100% on-air time. If an issue arose with the tower, then an emergency off-air could be granted only for the time required to make repairs. Each transmitting station had a standby transmitter-amplifier group along with emergency power backup. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cassiniprobe (talk • contribs) 23:01, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

Dissertation "New Potential of Low-Frequency Radionavigation in the 21st Century"
I have recently defended my Ph.D. dissertation "New Potential of Low-Frequency Radionavigation in the 21st Century". This dissertation gives an in depth discussion of the potential usage of enhanced Loran, or "eLoran", as a backup for GNSS position and time. Among other thins, the dissertation contains detailed analysis of various measurement campaigns (chapter 6), thereby providing insight in the capabilities of modern low-frequency radionavigation. The dissertation is available online at my website Wouter Pelgrum 130.161.82.199 17:29, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Hyperbolic navigation
Hyperbolic navigation (LORAN, OMEGA, ...)--84.137.35.212 14:05, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

eLoran content to incorporate
Began improvements to the eLORAN section. There is quite a bit that could be added here: Thanks! -- Davandron | Talk 15:36, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I know that there is a good article somewhere showing the failure modes of LORAN and GNSS, and shows how one in strong where the other is weak.
 * The FCC was accepting comments on LORAN, and there was a huge list of comments, many well-written from major cooperations. They can be cited for PROS and CONS.
 * The eLORAN signal seems to be approaching standardization. Details of how the new signals improve or change LORAN would be good to track down.
 * US policy / implementation would be a good compliment to the UK implementation.
 * It looks like dual GPS/eLORAN recievers are being developed http://www.roke.co.uk/sensing/milor.html 86.168.232.112 (talk) 09:14, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

The stated deployment date (2018) came and went. The US does not yet have a firm plan according to https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/23/opinion/gps-vulnerable-alternatives-navigation-critical-infrastructure.html. Mdmi (talk) 04:23, 24 January 2021 (UTC)mdmi

Loran guided bombs?
Image:Droping Loran Bombs.jpg is captioned "Three Fighter Squadron 161 (VF-161) F-4N Phantom II aircraft from the attack aircraft carrier USS Midway (CVA-41) and three Attack Squadron 86 (VA-86) A-7C Corsair II aircraft from the attack aircraft carrier USS America (CVA-66) drop Loran-guided bombs during a strike mission in March 1973." Maybe someone could expand on that in the article. I'll see what I can do as well. There is a note about tactical Loran-D, for bombers is this the same thing? Were the bombs actually guided by loran or were the aircraft guided to a point by loran then they released unguided bombs similar to Ground Directed Bombing? --Dual Freq (talk) 01:54, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Good find! So, are you thinking this would be an application, or an expansion of a new LORAN-D section? - Davandron | Talk 14:50, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as start class. Referencing and appropriate inline citation guidelines not met. With appropriate citations and references, this article would easily qualify as B class if not higher. --dashiellx (talk) 18:25, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Differences, RE; GEE
I assume that the longer range of LORAN compared to GEE was due to the use of longer wavelength signals?

BTW, one of the original GEE scientists from the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) was sent over to work on what became LORAN, R. J. Dippy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.40.254.27 (talk) 14:25, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

Removed SRD Labs paragraph
It seems to me that the paragraph which singled-out SRD Labs LORAN-A receivers was a pat-on-the-back for the manufacturer, not consistent with the dispassionate view of an encyclopedia. Beyond this, I take exception to the factual basis for the statements in the removed paragraph. I speak as an engineer who helped develop the Digital Marine Electronics Corp. automatic LORAN-A receiver, the Northstar 2000, which was in commerce by the very early 1970s. Shelnh (talk) 05:23, 14 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't think you did the right thing - you could have added some information about the Northstar 2000 and modify the style to be more neutral. Sv1xv (talk) 10:47, 14 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Since the subject matter of the article is LORAN, I did not see that information about a receiver manufacturer was appropriate. If SRD is included, then all receiver manufacturers should logically be included also. I am not in a position to identify all receiver manuacturers and all their products, which is why I do not feel it appropriate to add info on the Northstar 2000. If a new article on LORAN receivers were started, that would be a _great_ place for SRD to place its information. Shelnh (talk) 13:34, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

Bias
The final paragraph of the "Future of LORAN" section is clearly making a pro-LORAN argument. It uses inline citations, but they are to opinion articles and similar subjective sources. An encyclopedia entry should summarize controversies, not engage in them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.23.157.102 (talk) 08:40, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

New Canadian LORAN announcement
A new Notice to Mariners appeared on January 20th, 2010 which reads; "The Loran-C systems in Canada and U.S. work in tandem. Once the U.S. service is discontinued, the Canadian system will not be operational. Consequently, Canada will also decommission its Loran-C system in 2010. The official date for termination in Canada has not been set at this time, although it is expected to take place on or before October 1, 2010." A full Government of Canada statement can be read at this link: http://www.notmar.gc.ca/go.php?doc=eng/services/notmar/Loran-C-eng Radcomtech (talk) 21:37, 28 January 2010 (UTC)

Tenses
The start of the article has been rewritten into the past tense. I presume this was done because America has decided to discontinue use of LORAN. Later parts of the article imply that other parts of the world are still using LORAN. The 'Future of LORAN' section says that there is a contract to run eLORAN in the UK until 2022. If this is the case - that LORAN is still in full use elsewhere in the world - then the use of the past tense is entirely incorrect (Wikipedia is not an American encyclopaedia). In addition, it would be useful to have a section which shows where in the world it is actually being used; there's a list of transmitters, but many are marked as having been demolished, and so it doesn't give a particularly good view of the current state of things. --82.70.156.254 (talk) 12:28, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing this out. The first part (tenses in the lead section) is easily fixed. Done. A better view of the current state of affairs awaits work by other editors. Hertz1888 (talk) 13:29, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I think it still needs more work. I think it needs to directly in first paragraph emphasize that the system is discontinued in the USA. The table listing the LORAN-C transmitters needs work- for all chains / transmitter shut down based on US dis-continuation should state this. Somewhere someone should perhaps add some history- Where was first LORAN like chain established? (wild guess- Great Britain). For the chains still operating - are they wholly funded and operated by the nation where the transmitters are located? Wfoj2 (talk) 23:52, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

How does the signal sound?
A sound of the signal in an AM receiver capable of receiving its frequency

I uploaded a recording in OGG-Vorbis and added the link in the article — Preceding unsigned comment added by Prlwytzkowsky (talk • contribs) 23:58, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

Which LORAN-C transmitters are currently active?
In the list of LORAN-C transmitters, it is not obvious which if any are still operating. The article states that the ones in the US were discontinued in 2010, for instance. -- Egil (talk) 16:16, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

Apparently some transmitter around Europe is still active, since it can be heard clearly in Twente, NL. http://websdr.ewi.utwente.nl:8901/?tune=100usb The Signal ID Wiki still lists LORAN as active (as of today ; http://www.sigidwiki.com/wiki/Category:LF ; search page for "loran" and it's green = active), but notes that it's in the process of being shut down as of 2015 on the detail page... http://www.sigidwiki.com/wiki/LORAN -- 84.57.213.210 (talk) 01:50, 26 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112222/https://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/mariner_info/notice_to_mariners/e/01122015.html to http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/mariner_info/notice_to_mariners/e/01122015.html
 * Added tag to http://www.loran-europe.eu/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151026043227/http://www.loran.org/Library/2004ICNS2.pdf to http://www.loran.org/library/2004ICNS2.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120216164659/http://teconcept.de/geo/Stationen.htm to http://teconcept.de/geo/Stationen.htm
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Inconsistent GPS links
GPS is only linked in its first mention in the LORAN Data Channel (LDC) section, when there are links in preceding sections. Should it be moved? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Drone Better (talk • contribs) 15:06, 2 February 2021 (UTC)

The article makes NO sense
"The introduction of civilian satellite navigation in the 1990s led to a rapid drop-off in Loran-C use. Discussions about the future of Loran-C began in the 1990s; several turn-off dates were announced, then cancelled. ... United States legislation introduced later, such as the National Timing Resilience and Security Act of 2017, proposed resurrecting Loran." -- how come there are plans to "resurrect" the system if plans to turn it off were cancelled? 5.18.242.22 (talk) 12:04, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
 * "several turn-off dates were announced, then cancelled" from the 1990s onward. Eventually US systems were shut off in 2010. It appears that the UK's Anthorn site is the only station still transmitting as of 2023. --Dual Freq (talk) 13:57, 7 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Loran-C


text:
Berri–UQAM station

Berri–UQAM station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Ville-Marie, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and is the system's central station. This station is served by the Green, Orange, and Yellow lines. It is located in the Quartier Latin.

Berri–UQAM is the 2nd deepest station in the network, and also the busiest station in the network, transfers not included. If transfers were included, the 13 million passengers number would rise to about 35–40 million a year.

History
The station opened as Berri–De Montigny with the opening of the Metro on October 14, 1966, serving the Green and Orange lines.

The station was the site of the inauguration of the Metro by Mayor of Montreal Jean Drapeau, president of the Commission de transport de Montréal Lucien L'Allier and Archbishop of Montreal Paul-Émile Léger. A plaque commemorating the inauguration is located in the mezzanine. The Yellow Line entered service on April 28, 1967, serving the Expo 67 site on Île Sainte-Hélène.

In 1988, the station was renamed Berri–UQAM after the Université du Québec à Montréal located adjacent to the station. On September 2, 2001, a canister of tear gas was set off inside the station, forcing the evacuation of the 300 passengers inside.

Station refurbishment
In 2007, STM began planning to refurbish the station, after learning that the waterproofing of the station had been compromised. Construction began in 2010, with renovation of electrical, mechanical and structural components including waterproofing the underground roof and upgrades to fire protection and ventilation systems. The work also included improvements to lighting, refurbishment of staircases, new architectural facings including wall tiling and ceilings, rearranging of corridors to the Orange and Green line platforms, as well as refurbishment and renovation of the entrance buildings.

The renovation and upgrade works were planned for completion in 2025, however media reported in April 2024 that the work was significantly behind schedule. Estimated completion of the waterproofing works is now "around 2027 to 2029".

Accessibility
Alongside the renovation work, the station has been made partially accessible through the addition of elevators. In September 2009, two elevators connect the Orange Line platforms to the mezzanine, with an elevator connecting the street to the mezzanine opening in 2010. In November 2020, work to make the Green Line platforms accessible was completed, with the opening of two additional elevators. , construction to provide elevators to the Yellow Line is underway, despite the technical challenge of excavating and building new elevators 28 m below street level.

Upon completion of the works, the station will have seven elevators allowing step-free access to all three lines, as well as to the street.

Overview
Designed by Longpré and Marchand, the station serves three lines: the Green, Orange, and Yellow Lines.

The main part of the station is a cruciform cut and cover volume built underneath the intersection of rue Berri and boulevard de Maisonneuve; the volume is so large that the station's design had to include massive pillars to support the street.

This central volume contains three levels. The upper level contains the rectangular mezzanine at its centre, with fare gates on all four sides; the arms extend out to the station's entrances, with two more entrances at the crossing, and are also lined with shops and services. Staircases lead from the mezzanine to the landings on either side of the Orange Line. These landings provide views of the great volumes over the Green Line platforms below.

From the Green Line level, escalators and hallways connect the rest of the station to the Yellow Line terminus, built in a tunnel a block away under rue Saint-Denis, around 28 m below the surface. Limited space in the Yellow Line tail tracks cause trains to reverse both in the tail tracks and in the foretracks when they leave the station.

All three lines have side platforms. The station was the first to be equipped with the MétroVision information screens, which displays news, commercials, and the time until the next train arrives.

The mezzanine can be accessed from the street via elevators in the Grande Bibliothèque du Québec and UQAM's Pavillon Judith-Jasmin; but those buildings are closed during some of the Metro's operating hours. However, there is an elevator in the Saint-Denis exit, which opened in June 2010 and is open throughout the operating hours.

The station has 5 entrances:

 * Entrance A: 1500 Rue Berri
 * Entrance B: 505 Rue Sainte-Catherine Est
 * Entrance C: 850 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Est
 * Entrance D: 1470 Rue Saint-Denis
 * 1621 Rue Berri (no letter assigned)

Architecture and art
The station has a total of four independent exits: three integrated into buildings (the Berri, Saint-Denis, and Place Dupuis exits) and one free-standing kiosk (the Sainte-Catherine exit). The station also contains several underground city connections, listed below.

The 1967 station was designed by Longpré et Marchand, with a 1999 free-standing kiosk entrance designed by architect Gaétan Pelletier.

Artwork
The work of five artists is exhibited in this station. The largest work is a stained-glass mural by Pierre Gaboriau and Pierre Osterrath entitled Hommage aux fondateurs de la ville de Montréal (homage to the founders of the city of Montreal). A gift of the Union régionale de Montréal des caisses populaires Desjardins and installed in 1969, it depicts Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, Jeanne Mance, and Paul Chomedey, sieur de Maisonneuve. It is located over the eastern portal of the Green Line tunnel.

Three paintings by Robert LaPalme are located over the main staircase leading to the Yellow Line terminus. Originally located at the entrance to Expo 67, they represent three themes of the Expo: science, recreation, and culture.A plaque by LaPalme and Georges Lauda, commemorating the inauguration of the Metro, is located at the centre of the mezzanine. It is enclosed in a black circular bench, a popular meeting site, referred to as la rondelle (the hockey puck) or la pilule (the pill) or "le banc des fous" (the crazy bench). In the newer Sainte-Catherine entrance pavilion, a statue of Mother Émilie Gamelin by Raoul Hunter, commemorating Place Émilie-Gamelin (also called Berri Square) in which the entrance is located. The statue is owned by the City of Montreal.

The most recent art piece put in place inside the station is the Wall of Peace on the concourse level of the Yellow Line. It consists of coloured metal plates bearing the word "peace" in multiple languages.

Origin of the name
Berri–UQAM is named for both Berri Street, so called since 1663, and for the Université du Québec à Montréal. The university has taken to using UQAM as its abbreviation, which it displays as UQÀM (with a grave accent over the A as its logo; the station retains the UQAM form).

Until 1988, the station was named Berri–De Montigny; rue de Montigny is the former name of boulevard de Maisonneuve in this area. Small stubs of de Montigny street still survive in Downtown Montreal between Saint Laurent Boulevard and Saint Urbain Street and in the Montréal-Est suburb.

Connections
The station is served by several STM bus routes. Gare d'autocars de Montréal, Montreal's main intercity bus terminal, is located close to the station.

Connected via the underground city

 * Université du Québec à Montréal
 * Gare d'autocars de Montréal
 * Grande Bibliothèque

Other

 * Quartier Latin
 * Cégep du Vieux Montréal
 * Hôpital Saint-Luc du CHUM

 * Cinémathèque québécoise
 * National Film Board of Canada
 * Place Émilie-Gamelin ("Berri Square")

 * Théâtre Saint-Denis
 * Cinéma du Quartier-Latin
 * Service Canada
 * Métropolis

title: Berri–UQAM station


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Old

I don't like the new interface
All the sudden this goes to the log instead of the AFD page itself. I just don't like that. Also when a debate has been relisted already you end up looking at the log but not the AFD you clicked on, which is confusing. I think it should be changed back the way it was. Was there a discussion about this or did somebody just take it upon themselves to change it? If so, why? Beeblebrox (talk) 01:59, 1 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm getting the feeling I'm not going to get an answer to these questions anytime soon... Beeblebrox (talk) 18:35, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Can you be more clear about what you mean? Does it have something to do with mathbot's listing of old discussions, or is it something else? If you precisely explain what is going on, preferably with an example, there will be a fix hopefully. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 17:05, 7 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The links which show up as numbers on the page used to lead directly to the dedicated page for an individual AFD. Now they point to the AFD's place in the log for that day. If the AFD has already been relisted, you end up just looking at the log. It's possible I'm the only person who is bothered by this, but I can't see any reason for it to have changed. Beeblebrox (talk) 17:27, 7 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I put in a fix. See here. Is that what you meant? Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 18:36, 7 March 2011 (UTC)
 * That's it exactly, thank you! Beeblebrox (talk) 18:51, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

Toolserver problem?
Looks like the toolserver page for mathbot is gone -- I keep getting a 404. Yesterday I got the same error, but when I refreshed a couple of times, the bot ran. Now I can't get the page at all. —Darkwind (talk) 00:15, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

 * And of course, as soon as I say that, it works. Still, there seems to be a replication problem or something on the toolserver. —Darkwind (talk) 00:20, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

Mathbot
Looks like Mathbot is having some trouble logging in. "Error is: Can't log in in as Mathbot! Result was '1'." --Malcolmxl5 (talk) 00:28, 23 January 2016 (UTC)

Transwiki?
Do we still need this section? Sam Walton (talk) 00:42, 12 January 2017 (UTC)

Early closes
We are apparently getting AfDs closed early because they are listed here as having run 7 days before the 7 days is up. Could someone look into this please, and ensure that days are only listed when a full 7 days has passed for the AfDs logged for that day? Thanks. --Michig (talk) 07:19, 8 January 2019 (UTC)
 * The main discussion is Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 20:57, 8 January 2019 (UTC)

Revisiting a move discussion
I wonder if anybody finds this page useful: Archived deletion discussions. There is also a request to move it to a different name. Comments are welcome at Wikipedia_talk:Archived_deletion_discussions. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 18:27, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

September 28 2021
Can anyone figure out why Mathbot is listing Articles for deletion/A. K. High School and College as open from the 28th September, when a) it was relisted on 8 October, and b) closed on 10 October? – Joe (talk) 07:27, 12 October 2021 (UTC)

Cleanup
The page says: Administrators should remove the link to each day's discussions once all the discussions for that day are closed. However, there needs to be at least one day on this list for technical reasons. Shouldn't users do this on occasion? I would do it, but the caveat makes me wary. Suitskvarts (talk) 06:07, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

 * A bot would do this, but right now it is disabled (since 05:00 UTC December 20, 2023) Just a random Wikipedian (talk) 00:44, 23 December 2023 (UTC)

Mathbot is down
So this page may be updated manually... Just a random Wikipedian (talk) 00:43, 23 December 2023 (UTC)


text:
Battle of Tuchola Forest

The Battle of Tuchola Forest (Schlacht in der Tucheler Heide, Bitwa w Borach Tucholskich) was one of the first battles of World War II, during the invasion of Poland. The battle occurred from 1 September to 5 September 1939 and resulted in a major German victory. Poor Polish command and control, as well as German numerical and tactical superiority, allowed the Germans to manage to cripple Poland's Armia Pomorze (Army Pomerania) and, by breaking through the Polish Corridor, to connect mainland Germany with East Prussia.

The battle was fought against the judgment of General Władysław Bortnowski, the commander of Army Pomerania, who believed the Corridor to be a very poor defensive position and had repeatedly asked for permission to withdraw his forces from it.

Prelude
Tuchola Forest (Bory Tucholskie, Tucheler Heide) in Westprussia, since 1920 Treaty of Versailles in the Polish Corridor, is a large area of mostly forest. Its difficult terrain was thought by the Polish high command as a good defensive position. However, the Germans had held their Truppenübungsplatz Gruppe military exercises in the area until 1919, and were therefore familiar with it, and furthermore General Heinz Guderian had been born in nearby Chełmno).

Polish forces in the theater comprised elements of the Pomeranian Army: 9th Infantry Division under colonel Józef Werobej, the 27th Infantry Division under general Juliusz Drapella, and Czersk Operational Group under gen. Stanisław Grzmot-Skotnicki. Facing the German exclave of East Prussia was the Operational Group East under General Mikołaj Bołtuć, consisting of the 4th Infantry Division and 16th Infantry Division.

German forces in the theater were composed of elements of the 4th German Army under general Günther von Kluge, specifically 19th Panzer Corps (commanded by general Heinz Guderian), and 2nd Army Corps under general Adolf Strauß. Those units were based in Western Pomerania west of the corridor. The XXI Army Corps of the German 3rd Army would simultaneously advance from East Prussia, in a pincer movement across the Polish corridor, while the bulk of the 3rd Army would attack the Modlin Army in the direction of Warsaw.

19th Panzer Corps consisted of the 2nd Motorized Division under general Paul Bader, the 20th Motorized Division under general Mauritz von Wiktorin and the 3rd Panzer Division under general Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg. 2nd Army Corps was composed of two infantry divisions: the 3rd Infantry Division under general Walter Lichel and 32nd Infantry Division under general Franz Böhme.

September 1
Moving quickly after crossing the border at 0445 on September 1, the German forces made contact with the Polish defenses along the Brda River around 0915. The 5th Panzer Regiment of the 3rd Panzer division attempted to seize the railway bridge at Pruscz, held by the 3rd Battalion of the 34th Infantry Regiment of the Polish 9th Division. The Polish defenders successfully destroyed a Panzer IV tank and held up the Germans for two hours, buying time to partially destroy the bridge at the cost of 22 killed. Meanwhile, the 6th Panzer Regiment attacked Wielka Klonia, held by the 1st Battalion of the 34th Infantry Regiment, and lost two Panzer II tanks to Polish anti-tank fire. The Germans fell back and shelled the village, killing four Poles. Frustrated by these delays, Guderian ordered his motorcyclists to cross the river in rubber boats at Sokole-Kuźnica, this was accomplished by 1800 hours, and after clearing the Polish defenders from the far bank German engineers were able to begin repairs of the bridges over the Brda. To the north of Pruscz near Gostycyn the 6th Panzer Regiment engaged the remainder of the 34th Infantry Regiment in inconclusive combat which lasted until midnight.

To the north of this action, at 1130 the German 2nd Motorized Infantry Division encountered the Polish 35th Infantry Regiment, also of the 9th Division, dug in near the town of Tuchola. General Bader ordered a series of frontal assaults across flat, marshy terrain which were repeatedly repulsed with considerable casualties until the Polish troops withdrew around 1800 due to the risk of encirclement from the south by Guderian's panzers.

The 20th Motorized Division was tasked with capturing Chojnice, held by three Polish territorial defense (ON) battalions. An initial attempt to seize the city with an armored train and two platoons of commandos failed, and resulted in the destruction of the train by the Polish defenders. During the late morning and early afternoon the 20th Division slowly enveloped the Polish positions, and the ON battalions withdrew at 1400 to avoid encirclement. Their withdrawal to the northeast was covered by a mounted attack by the 18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment, known to history as the charge at Krojanty, which managed to scatter the troops of the German 76th Motorized Infantry Regiment, but then encountered a squadron of armored cars, which cut down nearly a third of the Polish riders, including the unit's commander Kazimierz Mastalerz.

The 2nd Army Corps on Guderian's right flank advanced largely unmolested, annihilating the isolated ON battalion defending Wiecbork.

All day on September 1st the German XXI Army Corps, attacking from the exclave of East Prussia, attempted to secure a crossing over the Vistula and link up with Guderian. Their attempt to seize the bridges at Tczew at 0445 was foiled and the bridges were blown at 0600. The town was captured in the afternoon by Waffen-SS troops advancing south from Danzig. Having failed to secure the bridges, XXI Corps proceeded southwards and became locked in a positional battle with the Polish 16th Infantry Division dug in along the Osa, a minor tributary of the Vistula. It secured a bridgehead at 1600 hours near Rogozno-Zamek.

September 2
During the night, General Bortnowski repositioned the 27th Infantry Division southwards to conduct a counterattack against Guderian's bridgehead over the Brda. This attack was meant to be coordinated with the 9th Division but the two units never made contact. On September 2nd the 27th Division launched a piecemeal assault on Swiekatowo and Tuszyny which initially drove back the German reconnaissance elements but was broken up by the arrival of German armored cars, which inflicted considerable losses. The 27th Division retreated southwards in disarray.

Troops of the 9th Division, meanwhile, were still engaged in the defenses of the bridges over the Brda at Piła-Młyn, north of the German bridgehead. These were destroyed at 1000. The 35th Regiment, which had repositioned south from Tuchola, launched an attack against the left flank of the 3rd Panzer Division but was repulsed with heavy casualties. The German 32nd Infantry Division, part of the 2nd Corps advancing on Guderian's right, launched its own attack on the 9th Division's 22nd Infantry Regiment, which had not yet been seriously engaged, in the vicinity of Koronowo, and shattered the Polish unit.

Meanwhile, the German XXI Corps, advancing from East Prussia, now had a pontoon bridge over the Osa, and the 21st Infantry Division launched an assault across the river, driving back the Polish 16th Division. The 10th Panzer Regiment drove through the gap, seizing the town of Melno and threatening the rear of the Polish army. This threat of encirclement sparked a panic among the troops of the 16th Division, which began to scatter and retreat southwards. The 4th Infantry Division, positioned to the right of the 16th, launched a counterattack to relieve the beleaguered Polish unit and had some initial success, taking 100 German prisoners, but the attack ran out of steam, and the German XXI Corps continued to push towards the southwest.

By the end of the day, a significant portion of the Polish forces were disorganized or in retreat, with the remainder facing the threat of encirclement by the German pincer movement. The remainder of the 9th Division, including the 35th and 22nd Regiments, began to disengage and join the retreat southwards towards Bydgoszcz, where the 15th Division was still dug in.

September 3
On September 3, Guderian recognized the situation of the Polish forces and began orienting most of his force towards Bydgoszcz, sending only reconnaissance elements onwards to secure Chelmno. Around noon the German Luftwaffe began to launch air attacks on the retreating Polish columns which inflicted heavy losses, including most of the 9th Division's artillery. Some troops of the 9th and 27th Divisions were caught by the advancing panzers and surrounded near the village of Bukowiec, where 846 Polish troops were captured by the 3rd Panzer Division after a three hour battle. Pressed up against the Vistula with their route to Bydgoszcz cut, 4,000 Polish troops would be captured by the end of the day, with only the 35th Infantry Regiment managing to escape.

In Bydgoszcz, Gen. Bortnowski had at his disposal the 15th infantry division, about ⅓ of the 2nd infantry division, two surviving battalions of the 22nd regiment, and about a quarter of the Pomorska cavalry brigade. Nearly all were disorganized and exhausted. Bortnowski decided to abandon the city and establish a new defensive line on the south bank of the Vistula, but roughly 1,000 German Nazi sympathizers, organized by Abwehr infiltrators and armed by the SS, staged a diversionary uprising, firing from windows and killing 20 Polish troops of the 22nd Infantry Regiment. The 62nd infantry regiment of the 15th division was tasked with restoring order; Polish troops rounded up 600 local Germans and killed 100 others, some in combat and some in summary executions. The next day however, September 4, saw more sniping by local Germans, resulting in retaliation from the Polish troops which killed as many as 150 further fighters and civilians. This event was magnified by German propaganda into the “Bromberg Massacre”, falsely claiming that 5,000 Germans had been killed. On September 5 German troops entered the city, followed by the SS Einzatzgruppen 4 and SS-Standarte-Totenkopf division, which rounded up and killed 192 Poles, including city officials and other political figures, in the first week of the occupation. Prison camps were established in the area which held over 7,000 prisoners by November.

Aftermath
By 5 September, the Germans had in large part completed their takeover of the Polish Corridor. At that point some German forces moved to erase isolated pockets of Polish resistance further north in fortified areas on the Baltic Coast, while others continued their push south-east, deeper into Polish territory.

On 6 September, Adolf Hitler visited Guderian and congratulated him on his swift progress.

About two-thirds of Armia Pomorze survived the battle, regrouped, and were reconstituted under Armia Poznań (Army Poznań) in time to fight in the Polish counteroffensive at the Battle of the Bzura.

Ultimately, Polish units, when dug-in and defending their chosen strongpoints, fought well and managed to inflict casualties on the German attackers, but the Polish troops were spread too thin, and coordination between units, even regiments of the same division, was very poor. German losses were fairly modest, with only 150 dead and 700 wounded in Guderian's XIX Panzer Corps, and several dozen tanks knocked out. German air power and mobility gave them a considerable technological advantage over the Polish forces, which struggled to keep pace with their opponents in a war of movement.

title: Battle of Tuchola Forest