text:
Education Review Office (New Zealand)

The Education Review Office (ERO) (Māori: Te Tari Arotake Mātauranga) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with reviewing and publicly reporting on the quality of education and care of students in all New Zealand schools and early childhood services.

Leadership and structure
Led by a Chief Review Officer - the department's chief executive - the Office has approximately 150 designated review officers located in five regions. These regions are: Northern, Waikato/Bay of Plenty, Central, Southern, and Te Uepū ā-Motu (ERO's Māori review services unit).

The Education Review Office and the Ministry of Education are two separate public service departments. The functions and powers of the office are set out in Part 28 (sections 323–328) of the Education Act 1989.

In May 2023, the Independent Children's Monitor was transferred from the Ministry of Social Development, and reconstituted as a departmental agency of the Education Review Office. The Children's Monitor oversees the entire Oranga Tamariki (Ministry for Children) system.

Mandate and responsibilities
ERO reviews the education provided for school students in all state schools, private schools and kura kaupapa Māori. It also reviews the education and care provided for children in early childhood education services and kōhanga reo. Reviews are carried out every three years on average, but are more frequent where the performance of a school or service is below standard or there are risks to the education or safety of the students or children. The department also checks that schools are meeting necessary legal requirements. Occasionally, special reviews of individual schools are ordered outside of the normal review cycle, which focus on specific areas of concern with a school's management.

ERO reports to individual boards of trustees on what they are doing well and where they need to improve. In some cases of poor performance or major risks to students, the department may recommend to the Minister and Secretary of Education some form of intervention to the school's management. Reports on individual schools and early childhood services are freely available to the public via ERO's website.

These reviews may take place in Māori-medium, English-medium and Pacific-medium contexts, and additionally has the ability to undertake reviews of private and independent schools, homeschooling, schools and kura with international students, school hostels, and new and merging schools’ readiness to open.

The majority of reviews undertaken by the ERO are initiated by Chief Review Officer, however the Minister of Education does also have the ability to request reviews of specific aspects of the education sector under the ERO's remits. The ERO does not hold its own policy mandate, instead fulfilling more of a research and evaluation function but does support relevant policy development based on its operational insights.

title: Education Review Office (New Zealand)


text:
User talk:66.74.129.190

July 2024
Hello, I'm DB1729. I noticed that you recently removed content from Category:Redirects from long names without adequately explaining why. In the future, it would be helpful to others if you described your changes to Wikipedia with an accurate edit summary. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the removed content has been restored. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. DB 1729 talk 02:46, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:66.74.129.190


text:
Yeonsung University

Yeonsung University, is a college in Manan-gu, Anyang City, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. It opened on March 15, 1977, as Anyang Industrial Technical School. It was officially designated a technical junior college in 1979. The school includes scientific faculties of electronic communications, computer information, industrial design, technology management, environmental engineering, interior construction; domestic faculties of hotel culinary management and fashion design; social service faculties of early childhood education, physical education, social welfare, English, tourism Chinese, and liberal arts. The campus covers 202,000 m2, and also hosts a library and research institutes of industrial design, construction technology, Surface Mount Technology automation, and sports science. On September 1, 2010, Anyang Technical College was permitted to change the school's English name to Anyang Science University. Following this change, on May 23, 2012, Anyang Science University was officially renamed Yeonsung University.

Notable people

 * Oh Ji-ho, actor
 * Shin Jung-geun, actor

title: Yeonsung University


text:
Nagaraj

Nagaraj, Nagraj or Nagaraja or Nagarajan is a male Indian given name and Indian surname. It originates in the नागराज  'king of the nāgas'. It is especially prevalent in southern India and northeastern parts of India.

People

 * D. R. Nagaraj (1954–1998), Indian cultural critic and political commentator
 * Dingri Nagaraj, Indian actor in the Kannada film industry
 * Erode Nagaraj (born 1970), Mridangam player, lecturer in The Music Academy, Chennai
 * Indu Nagaraj, Indian playback singer
 * Manoranjitham Nagaraj, Indian politician and incumbent member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
 * Milana Nagaraj (born 1989), Indian film actress
 * Nagaraj Gobbargumpi (born 1982), Indian high-jump athlete
 * R Umadevi Nagaraj (born 1965), Indian professional player of English billiards and snooker, World Women's Billiards Champion 2012
 * Ramakrishnan Nagaraj (born 1953), Indian biochemist and molecular biologist
 * Shringar Nagaraj (1939–2013), Kannada actor, cameraman, and producer of India's first silent movie
 * V. Nagaraj (born 1962), Malaysian director, producer, distributor and consultant
 * Vatal Nagaraj, politician from Karnataka

Nagaraja

 * Nagaraja Rao (1914–2004), Indian cricketer and umpire
 * Nagaraja Rao Havaldar (born 1959), Indian classical vocalist
 * V. Nagaraja (born 1954), Indian microbiologist
 * Mamta Patel Nagaraja, American engineer

Nagraj

 * Munishree Nagraj, Indian writer and poet
 * Nagraj Manjule (born 1977), Indian filmmaker and screenwriter
 * Roopa Nagraj (born 1983), Emirati cricketer

Fictional characters

 * Nagraj, fictional superhero appearing in Raj Comics
 * Nagaraj, protagonist of R.K. NArayan's 1991 novel The World of Nagaraj
 * Nagaray (and variations), snake-prince and lover to lady Himal, from Kashmiri tale Himal and Nagaray
 * Nagaraja Cholan, protagonist of the 2013 Indian Tamil film Nagaraja Cholan MA, MLA

title: Nagaraj


text:
Talk:Dugout (shelter)

It seems that the extensive network of tunnels of Vietnam is not mentioned here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.207.2.161 (talk) 07:39, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

Pit Houses in the American Southwest
In time, I'll probably withdraw the brief information here on pit houses into an independent article. They are quite a specific form. Any objections? WBardwin 06:03, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Excellent idea. I was unaware of the importance of pithouses to the evolution of the kiva until I did some reading on them. wvbaileyWvbailey 00:34, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Merge and shuffle two articles
I would propose that the Dugout (shelter) article be used as a generic overview of the widespread archictectural type while the Pit-house article focus on the archaeological findings of these forms, particularly in the American Southwest. The Pit-house title might have to be changed. Opinions? WBardwin 01:40, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd prefer to see Pithouse dedicated to American southwest architectures. When I found that wikipedia included "pithouse" in "dugout" I was startled. For example, as an American westerner my conception of an American-west "dugout" is far different than that of a native-American "pithouse"; dugouts were what pioneers built in a hurry and lived in while they worked on their above-ground homes and then used as root cellars etc as soon as they could vacate them. Like that guy and his wife did up by the gates of Lahore (I think its called) along the Green River in northern Utah. Bill Wvbailey 02:39, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I think that's what I was suggesting -- Pit-house (archaeology) or Pit-house (American Southwest) or something similar. So, we agree?   WBardwin 04:54, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes. But I'd just go with Pit-house (if that's possible). My guess is most folks (kids in particular) would type that in first. Let disambiguation page(s) work out the details. Bill Wvbailey 14:25, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Er, complicating this is the existence of the quiggly hole article; a kekuli (prn. "quiggly", and meaning "underneath", "below" in Chinook Jargon, which are similar by the look to the Southwest pit-house. I vote against the merger with Dugout (shelter) but now wonder about merging quigglies and pithouses....Skookum1 (talk) 16:18, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Two images of pithouses
Both images are similar, neither ideal -- as stated above I didn't realize their importance until later, so they appear in the background of other panoramic shots; the first one was shot from farther away so there's a significant loss of pixels. An almost identical image appears in Rohn and Ferguson on p. 32. There may be some information in the little guide you get on your self-conducted tour, but we didn't save it (I believe it cost a whole quarter. too bad: As it is a US-printed document it would almost certainly in the public domain so it could be copied with impunity). wvbailey00:34, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

I have done the required due diligence and sniffed the web; after about an hour I located the prehistoric Puebloan place in Utah that I remember --
 * The Anasazi State Park Museum
 * 420 N. Highway 12,
 * Boulder, UT 84716-1429
 * 435-335-7308
 * anasazi@utah.gov  [??] this is one of three e-mail addresses I've encountered.
 * Lat. 37.90139, Long. -111.41667; elevation 6700 feet; located 22 miles NE of Escalante, just south of Boulder, UT
 * "Explore an Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) village that wsa likely occupied from A.D. 1050 to 1200, and one of the largest communities west of the Colorado River. Outside the museum, tour a life-sized, six-room replica of an ancient dwellling and view a portion of the original site. Inside, view artifacts excavated from this site and learn the lifeways of these people." (from the brochure of the Utah Office of Tourism, www.utah.travel, no date)
 * This is officially called "the Coombs site"

Two photos of a reconstructed pit house at the museum appear on the web:

(1) At Max Gertola’s site there's a jpg:
 * http://www.so-utah.com/hwy12/anasazi/homepage.html
 * http://www.so-utah.com/hwy12/anasazi/anas1.jpg

(2) But this image seems clearer:
 * http://www.wanderinglizard.com/Utah/SoutheastUtah/garfieldC/anasazistatepark/anasazistatepark2.html

I don't know any particulars of this reconstruction, and as I'm 2500 miles away I don't know when/if I will be able to find out directly. The question would be: The location of detailed reconstruction information (i.e. journal-papers, write-ups, plan views, descriptions, etc.) wvbaileyWvbailey 02:28, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

File:Dugout home2.jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Dugout home2.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on June 14, 2011. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2011-06-14. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks!  howcheng  {chat} 20:27, 13 June 2011 (UTC)

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not much wider than a fox burrow
This description is only useful for those with experience of fox burrows. Could we please have centimetres, and feet and inches? Koro Neil (talk) 00:15, 27 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dugout (shelter)


text: Talk:Yeonsung University

title: Talk:Yeonsung University


text:
Talk:Egeria (mythology)

Comments
Other references (e.g. Diana) link Diana (goddess). Should not this page be moved for consistency? Goddess also seems more appropriate than mythology owing to modern goddess-worshiping religions. Leonard G. 06:16, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

It's possible that she isn't Numa's wife: Livy only says they met at nights, and there's the distinct possibility Juvenal is simply mocking Numa. --Dd42 21:35, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/19991011020918/http://www.romacivica.net/tarcaf/engfra/cafgen_e.htm to http://www.romacivica.net/tarcaf/engfra/cafgen_e.htm

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Egeria, Sally Hemings, and Thomas Jefferson
Although the sec tion is "well sourced" as User:SharabSalam points out. It is also completely beside the point. Would SharabSalam please explain why this is WP:DUE or rather relevant in any way whatsoever? I might be tempted to construe this as a petty tit-for-tat revert, but WP:AGF tells me to give SharabSalam a chance to explain. Thanks. Kleuske (talk) 18:19, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

 * the connection has been made by many reliable sources and no that's not undue weight the author is notable enough to be included just like other sections which are only sourced to one or two sources. Saying that this is a tit-for-tat is assuming bad faith.-SharabSalam (talk) 18:29, 17 April 2019 (UTC)
 * What is that connection? What is the relevance to Egeria? Generic blather about sources is not a valid argument. Did you actually read the sources? Kleuske (talk) 18:33, 17 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Did you read the source? The source mention Egeria 22 times! also you said this was undue; no it was not--SharabSalam (talk) 19:14, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, this, "Adams considered Hemings to be Jefferson's Egeria", is your reason for including this? It might make sense to include a note on Egeria in the Jefferson article, maybe, but not the other way around. Drmies (talk) 20:44, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

 * So apart from a simple text search, you did not actually read the source. Either that or you fail to recognize a classical literary reference (an allusion) and treat it as a reference to the mythological nymph whom Numa married. In any case, this is interesting material for the Jefferson biography, but nothing with the actual nymph. It is highly WP:UNDUE. I cannot shake the impression you are playing games. Stop wasting time. Kleuske (talk) 20:46, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

== New Information Available from the Smithsonian Magazine about John Adams Political Allusions to Egeria with reference to Thomas Jefferson that I think is Relevant Enough for Inclusion in the Main Article ==

I believe there is sufficient new information in an article from the Smithsonian Magazine in November 2016 to include a reference to it in the main article. Here is a summary write-up. I will leave it to others to decide how much of this to include in the Main Article:

45.30.87.79 (talk) 12:47, 16 May 2020 (UTC)

John Adams Political Allusions to Egeria with reference to Thomas Jefferson
Mark Silk, a professor of religion in public life at Trinity College, reported in an article in the Smithsonian Magazine in November, 2016 that while going through the papers of President John Adams, he discovered references in Adams' letters to his sons Charles and John Quincy in January, 1794 to Egeria and Thomas Jefferson leading Silk to conclude that knowledge of Jefferson's relations with his slave mistress Sally Hemings were well known to Adams well before James T. Callender's disclosure of the relationship in the Richmond Recorder in 1800. According to Silk, while scholars have combed through sources, they have identified no specific written reference to the Jefferson-Hemings liaison prior to the appearance of Callender’s scandalous report but now "Adams’ letters offer tangible evidence that at least one of the country’s leading political families was aware of the Jefferson-Hemings relationship long before the scandal broke. The documents cast new light on the question of elite awareness of the relationship, on the nature of the press in the early republic, and on Adams himself." According to Silk Adams' letters "supports Callender’s assertion that the Jefferson-Hemings relationship was “well known,” but kept under wraps. It may be time to moderate the received view that journalism in the early republic was no-holds-barred."

title: Talk:Egeria (mythology)


text:
Shorebirds (band)

Shorebirds were a short-lived punk rock band from Olympia, Washington, formed in 2007 by Mattie Jo Canino, Chris Bauermeister and Keith Henderson.

History
The band was formed in 2007 following the breakup of Latterman and Mattie Jo Canino's relocation to Olympia, Washington. Canino connected with Bauermeister, having moved to Olympia following the demise of Jawbreaker in the late 90s and Keith Henderson, a local drummer. Together they released a self-titled 7" inch and a split with Something's Wrong in 2007. The following year they released their only full length, It's Gonna Get Ugly via Rumbletowne Records before quietly disbanding at the end of 2008.

Canino and Bauermeister would go on to play in the short lived Mutoid Men together (not to be confused with Mutoid Man). Canino would then go on to form the acclaimed RVIVR in 2011 with Bauermeister rejoining temporarily in 2014 to record bass on their Bicker & Breathe EP. Bauermeister would eventually go on to rejoin Jawbreaker in 2017 with a highly successful reunion at Chicago's Riot Fest.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * It's Gonna Get Ugly (2008)

 * EPs
 * Shorebirds (2007)
 * A Somethings Wrong & Shorebirds Split (2008)

title: Shorebirds (band)


text:
North-Eastern Rhodesia

North-Eastern Rhodesia was a British protectorate in south central Africa formed in 1900. The protectorate was administered under charter by the British South Africa Company. It was one of what were colloquially referred to as the three Rhodesian protectorates, the other two being Southern Rhodesia and Barotseland-North-Western Rhodesia. It was amalgamated with Barotseland-North-Western Rhodesia, another territory administered by the British South Africa Company, to form Northern Rhodesia in 1911.

History
The colonisation of the region that would become North-Eastern Rhodesia began in 1890. Joseph Thompson was dispatched by Cecil Rhodes of the British South Africa Company to negotiate agreements with African chiefs. Alfred Sharpe was similarly dispatched by the British Consul for Nyasaland for the same purpose. After failing to secure any agreements, Sharpe and Thompson used force to subdue the local people. In 1895 the British South Africa Company was granted land and mineral rights over 10,000 square miles by Mozambique Gold, Land and Concession Company, a company it had bought in 1893. In order to better exploit the anticipated mineral wealth, the British South Africa Company incorporated a subsidiary, North Charterland Exploration Company in 1895. Effective administration of the region was achieved by the end of 1899.

In January 1900 Queen Victoria signed the North-Eastern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1900. This Order made official the name North-Eastern Rhodesia and formally proclaimed it a British protectorate. Under the Order a regime for the Company's governance of the new protectorate was established. The new protectorate was administered by an Administrator appointed by the High Commissioner for South Africa. The High Commissioner legislated by proclamation for the protectorate. The protectorate was divided into seven administrative districts.

In 1900 Robert Edward Codrington was appointed as the first Administrator. He held this post until 1907. The last person to serve as Administrator was Lawrence Aubrey Wallace from 1907 until 1909 after which the position was left vacant. The capital was at Fort Jameson, today called Chipata.

When the protectorate was amalgamated with Barotseland-North-Western Rhodesia to form Northern Rhodesia, the Administrator of Northern Rhodesia took over the functions that had been carried out by the Administrator of North-Eastern Rhodesia.

Laws
The laws of England applied to the protectorate, as far as local circumstances permitted. In civil cases between natives, native laws applied so far as was not repugnant to natural justice, or morality, or to any Order in Council, or any regulation thereunder. The Protectorate had a High Court, District Courts and Magistrates' Courts. Appeals from the Protectorate Courts could be made to the Supreme Court of Cape Colony and from there to the Privy Council in the United Kingdom.

title: North-Eastern Rhodesia


text:
Music of Saskatchewan

Music in the Canadian province Saskatchewan, one of the Prairie Provinces, includes a variety of genres including Indigenous music, folk, country, jazz, and classical traditions.

History
In the early days of settlement, the musical landscape of the province was defined by military and police bands, church choirs, immigrant teachers, and many traveling groups of artists who traveled by rail across the continent.

Regina
Regina was incorporated in 1883, and became the provincial capital in 1905. Early in its history, the city boasted numerous bands, including a brass band, Musical and Dramatic Society and a number of church choirs.

Frank L. Laubach, a professional Scottish musician arrived in Regina in 1904, and was a prominent figure for eighteen years. During that time, he founded the Regina Philharmonic Society (1904), the Regina Orchestral Society (1908), the Regina Operatic Society (1909) and the province-wide Saskatchewan Music Festival (1908, with F. W. Chisholm).

After Laubach's retirement in 1922, three choral and orchestra society groups exist: Regina Symphony Orchestra, Regina Male Voice Choir and Regina Choral Society. Only two years later, the three societies again merged to form the Regina Philharmonic Association. The Regina Symphony Orchestra later departed from that association, in 1926.

Musicians from Regina include Edith Fowke, Helen Dahlstrom, Nina Dempsey, Norman Farrow, Barbara Franklin, Stu Davis, Colin James, Audrey Johannesen, Muriel Kerr, Gary Kosloski, Peter Clements, June Kowalchuk, Owen Underhill, Gaelyne Gabora, Jack Semple, Rob Bryanton, Val Halla, Ron Scott, Brett Dolter, Beth Curry, Joel Fuller, Tyler Gilbert, John Dick, Dagan Harding (formerly of Despistado and Geronimo), Kenny Shields of Streetheart, and Paul Sloman from A Horse Called Horse.

Bands from Regina include The Dead South, Birds are Dinosaurs, Def 3, E Tea, Ghosts of Modern Man, Intergalactic Virgin, Into Eternity, LazerBlade, Library Voices,  Pnice, Rah Rah, Tinsel Trees, The War Doves, and Robot Hive.

Dj's and Electronic Music Artists Neon Tetra, Limbo, Guidewire, Jeff Galaxy, Short Fat Steve and Hardtoe, DIG.IT.ALL, Mike Trues, Submit, Pulsewidth, Cueball, DR. J, Jadybug, Square Sound Round Body, and A Horse Called Horse.

William Earl Brown founded the Soundaround label starting in the 1960s which featured many of the local country and ethnic bands recording in his basement studio. Mel West & The Meteors, and The Canadian Downbeats had a few singles on the Soundaround label, later picked up Canada-wide via Stan Klees' "Red Leaf" label. Mel West & The Meteors would chart Canada wide with their tracks "Sad & Blue" and "Seventh Saint". Earl had later success with the Grand Coulee Old Tyme Jug Band, and sold a number of albums via TV infomercials in the 1980s.

Most current bands/artists produce CDs by themselves or with the aid of the Saskatchewan Recording Industry Association (SaskMusic). However, an increasing number of artists have moved to post their music on websites such as Myspace.

Saskatoon
The city of Saskatoon was founded in 1882 and incorporated in 1903. During that time, the city's population grew swiftly. In the early 20th century, operettas by Gilbert & Sullivan, vaudeville and minstrel shows were among the most common forms of musical performance. Saskatoon's first concert was held on December 1, 1884, by the Pioneer Society. It featured solos, duets, choruses, readings, and recitations.

The Saskatoon Philharmonic Society was founded in 1908, and won a prize at the first Saskatchewan Music Festival in 1909. The number of professional groups continued to grow. The Saskatoon Oratorio Society was founded in 1913, performing Handel's Messiah with nearly 200 singers at Third Avenue Methodist Church in December 1913. The Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra formed under that name in 1931, after several earlier attempts to form an orchestra had occurred.

With the Great Depression in the early 1930s the musical community suffered. However, private teacher Lyell Gustin and his students presented twenty concerts a year in Saskatoon during the thirties, as well as teaching in surrounding areas. The Western Board of Music was organized in 1936, led by Arthur Collingwood, Chair of Music at the University of Saskatchewan. The music festival movement continued to expand, and in 1936 the Music Teachers’ Association was established.

The Celebrity Concert Series, held by the Saskatoon Kinsmen Club, began, in 1944, to introduce international celebrities every year for twenty-six years. Other groups include the Saskatoon Lyric Theatre Society (active 1955), the Saskatoon Opera Association (founded 1978), and the Prairie Opera Inc. (founded 1986). At the University of Saskatchewan, the student chorus the Greystone Singers was founded in 1959. Alumni of the Greystone Singers founded the Saskatoon Chamber Singers in 1977.

Musicians from Saskatoon include Joni Mitchell, Neil Chotem, Jon Ballantyne, Jen Lane, John Antoniuk, Brenton Price Dutton, Susan Pesklevits Jacks, Lorraine McAllister Richards, Irene Bubniuk, Brenda Baker, Chris Lindgren, Paddy Tutty, Kyle Riabko, David Swan, Lesia Zubrack Romanoff, Kim Brandt, Mike Ferbey (of the Rhythm Pals), Walter Babiak. and Jon Pare (The Jawns, Jon.Pea)

Bands from Saskatoon include Loop Bias, This Autumn Low, One Bad Son, The Sheepdogs, and Wide Mouth Mason.

In 2004, Theresa Sokyrka, born in Moose Jaw and since moved to Saskatoon, became first runner-up in the second season of Canadian Idol with her jazz and blues-influenced musicianship. Lionel Richie, appearing on one episode, said that Sokyrka had inside her the soul of an old black woman.

Moose Jaw
Moose Jaw is home to the Moose Jaw Band and Choral Festival, which has been held every year since 1950. The city co-hosted the Juno Awards of 2013. Connect-22, billed as Saskatchewan's 22nd and Final Electronic & Tribal Music Festival is scheduled for Besant Campground near Moose Jaw in 2017.

Public bands
The Saskatoon Concert Band is a civilian public band based in the city, consisting of two bands: the concert band and the auxiliary band. The Saskatoon Auxiliary Concert Band was formed in 1987 to cater to a demographic of musicians who came out of retirement. The Saskatoon Concert Band was founded in 1949 as the 406 Wing Band of the Royal Canadian Air Force and would later be renamed as the 23rd Wing Band. During this era, it took part in the Canadian National Exhibition as well as performing jointly with Mexican solo trumpeter Rafael Méndez as a guest artist. 10 years later, it was dissolved to create the Kinsmen Concert Band. In the mid-1960s, a section from the band came back into military service, this time as the HMCS Unicorn Band in the Royal Canadian Navy. The band evolved into its current form in 1982 as a non-profit organization.

The band took part Saskatchewan's Centennial year celebrations, during which it toured Northern Saskatchewan, as well as performed at events in the Saskatchewan Legislature.

Other bands and artists

 * The Age of Electric
 * Bombargo
 * Breach of Trust
 * Jordan Cook
 * Stu Davis
 * The Dead South
 * The Deep Dark Woods
 * Despistado
 * Ghosts of Modern Man
 * The Holly Springs Disaster
 * The Hunter Brothers
 * I Spy
 * Tom Jackson
 * Colin James
 * Brad Johner
 * The Johner Brothers
 * Kacy & Clayton
 * Connie Kaldor
 * Kick Axe
 * Chad Klinger
 * Melanie Laine
 * Library Voices
 * Means
 * Andrea Menard
 * Maybe Smith
 * Jess Moskaluke
 * Megan Nash
 * The Northern Pikes
 * One Bad Son
 * Josh Palmer
 * Donny Parenteau
 * The Poverty Plainsmen
 * Queen City Kids
 * Rah Rah
 * Kyle Riabko
 * Jessica Robinson
 * Jack Semple
 * Andy Shauf
 * The Sheepdogs
 * Slow Down, Molasses
 * Static in Stereo
 * Streetheart
 * Joey Stylez
 * Sylvie
 * Sympathy
 * Jon Vickers
 * The Waltons
 * Colter Wall
 * Wide Mouth Mason

Festivals

 * Regina Folk Festival (Regina), 1969–present
 * Craven Country Jamboree, (Craven) 1983-; in collaboration with Country Thunder Music Festival as of 2016
 * Sasktel Saskatchewan Jazz Fest, 1989-
 * Napatak Ramble Music and Arts Festival (La Ronge) 2012–present www.Napatakramble.com
 * Ness Creek Music Festival (Ness Creek), 1991-
 * Long Day's Night Music Festival (Swift Current) 2003–Present
 * Connect Music Festival (Besant ), electronic, 1995-2017
 * Gateway Music Festival (Bengough), 2005-
 * All Folk'd Up (Montmartre), 2010-
 * Grilledcheesapolooza Music Festival (Kindersley), 2010-
 * MazzFest (Saskatoon), hardcore punk festival, 2010-
 * MoSo Fest (Saskatoon), 2011-
 * Noise Fest (Regina), punk, hardcore and rock, 2014-
 * Phantasm Festival, electronic music, 2014-
 * RockFest (Rose Valley)
 * Swampfest (Regina)

title: Music of Saskatchewan


text:
Elias Ammerbach

Elias Nikolaus Ammerbach (c. 1530 – January 29, 1597) was a German organist and arranger of organ music of the Renaissance. He published the earliest printed book of organ music in Germany and is grouped among the composers known as the Colorists.

He was born in Naumburg, educated at the University of Leipzig (1548–49), and was afterwards employed as organist at the Thomaskirche in Leipzig, probably for the rest of his life. He was married three times (his first two wives died). According to the preface of his 1571 publication of organ tablature he traveled to foreign lands to study, but he gave no specifics.

Ammerbach developed a method of music notation for keyboard playing, known as tablature, which was specifically adapted for organ. His method became known as the "new German organ tablature" and involved letter notation for the pitches with rhythmic symbols placed above.

It is not known if Ammerbach was himself a composer; if he was, he did not sign his music. His publications of music in tablature include arrangements of numerous composers popular in the mid-16th century, including Ludwig Senfl, Heinrich Isaac, Josquin des Prez, Clemens non Papa, Orlande de Lassus, and others; Lassus is particularly well represented, as can be expected both because of his extraordinary fame and his presence in Germany (he was in Munich between 1563 and 1594). Most of the secular music in Ammerbach's collections is printed with German titles, while sacred music retains Latin. In his last publication (1583) he includes a considerable quantity of Italian madrigals arranged for keyboard.

References and further reading

 * Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4.
 * Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4.

title: Elias Ammerbach


text:
Talk:Music of Saskatchewan

{| width=100% cellspacing=10 style="background:none;" ! style="border:1px solid #bfd7ff; background-color:#e1edff; padding:0.2em 0.4em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; "|This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Music of Saskatchewan article. (This is not a forum for general discussion)

{| width=100% cellspacing=10 style="background:none;" ! style="border:1px solid #bfd7ff; background-color:#e1edff; padding:0.2em 0.4em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left;"|If you feel that you can have positive contributions to articles about  Canadian music, become a member of the Canadian music WikiProject. Simply join the list of members. If you don't know what to write or where to begin, or if you have doubts or ideas on how to improve any article about Canadian music, please address the project's discussion forum.

title: Talk:Music of Saskatchewan


text: User talk:64.85.220.228

title: User talk:64.85.220.228


text:
Y2J (band)

Y2J is a Taiwanese rock band composed of two participants (Yuming Lai and Jane Huang) from the 2007 season of One Million Star, a singing competition. The band released its debut album "Live For You" on 25 August 2008.

The two-member band's English name is derived Yuming Lai's first initial (Y), the number of band members (2), and Jane Huang's first initial (J). The band's Chinese name "Shenmu yu Tong", means "sacred tree and pupil (of the eye)". "Shénmù" (神木), meaning "sacred tree", comes from a large tree in Lai's village which shares the name "Yuming". "Little Tong" (瞳 tóng, "pupil")" is a nickname Jane Huang has had from childhood.

Member history
Yuming Lai (Lai Ming Wei) (25 June 1984 -), was born in Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City), Taiwan, to a mother of the Atayal indigenous tribe. He graduated from Yongfeng High School and the Grand Cathay Institute of Technology. In 2007, he decided to participate in the One Million Star Taiwanese singing competition. In January 2008, he was crowned champion of the competition.

Jane Huang (Huang Mei Zhen) (19 January 1983 -), was born in Taitung County, Taiwan. She is a member of Taiwan's Puyuma aboriginal people. In 2007, she finished seventh in the One Million Star Taiwanese singing competition, but her strength in the rock genre was clear. With the strong support of her fans, she became the popular vote winner.

In January 2008, the duo got their big break when they were signed to the Universal Music Taiwan record label. Since then, they have released a Chinese version of the song "We Rock" from the Disney Channel movie Camp Rock. In August 2008, their debut album was released in China, Taiwan, and other parts of East Asia, with music videos for the first single "Live For You" and several other songs.

Track lists
Live For You (standard edition)

 * 1) 為你而活 / Live For You / Wei Ni Er Huo
 * 2) 武裝的薔薇 / Armed Rose / Wu Zhuang De Qiang Wei
 * 3) 愛在末日前 / Love Before Doomsday / Ai Zai Mo Ri Qian
 * 4) 理由 / Reasons / Li You>
 * 5) 愛鍊 / Chains Of Love /Ai Lian
 * 6) Be Your Love
 * 7) 草戒指 / Grass Ring / Cao Jie Zhi
 * 8) 終結 / The End / Zhong Jie
 * 9) 美麗 / Beauty / Mei Li
 * 10) 不放 / Not Letting Go / Bu Fang

Live For You (deluxe edition)

 * 1) 為你而活 / Live For You / Wei Ni Er Huo
 * 2) 武裝的薔薇 / Armed Rose / Wu Zhuang De Qiang Wei
 * 3) 愛在末日前 / Love Before Doomsday / Ai Zai Mo Ri Qian
 * 4) 理由 / Reasons / Li You
 * 5) 愛鍊 / Chains Of Love /Ai Lian
 * 6) Be Your Love
 * 7) 草戒指 / Grass Ring / Cao Jie Zhi
 * 8) 終結 / The End / Zhong Jie
 * 9) 美麗 / Beauty / Mei Li
 * 10) 不放 / Not Letting Go / Bu Fang
 * 11)  法仔鼓 / Fa Zi Gu
 * 12) Se-Ma-Se-Nay Ku
 * 組曲:理由/愛鍊 / Zuqu: Li You/Ai Lian / Suite: Reasons/Chains of Love

Guardian

 * 1) 崩裂前聲嘶力竭
 * 2) 守護者 (主唱︰黃美珍)
 * 3) 好想為你哭 (主唱︰賴銘偉)
 * 寬恕
 * 1) 轉淚點 (主唱︰賴銘偉)
 * 2) 跟我一起怪 (主唱︰黃美珍)
 * 信徒
 * 1) 耶路撒冷
 * 2) 捍衛真愛
 * 3) Q & A
 * 4) 親愛的是我 (Demo版) (主唱︰賴銘偉) (hidden track)

title: Y2J (band)


text:
User:Paddy whack

ip: 222.152.148.128. I have nothing better to do than write articles on Tokoroa and the New Zealand Education Review Office.

I am currently working on writing/adding to/redoing/adding logos to many of the Government agencies of New Zealand articles.

By Me

 * New Zealand Education Review Office
 * New Zealand Ministry of Education
 * New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
 * New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs
 * New Zealand Department of Corrections
 * New Zealand Department of Child, Youth and Family Services
 * List of Correctional Facilities in New Zealand
 * New Zealand Department of Conservation
 * Statistics New Zealand
 * New Zealand Customs Service
 * New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries
 * New Zealand Ministry of Health

Already

 * National Library of New Zealand
 * New Zealand Ministry of Transport

Require work:

 * Archives New Zealand
 * New Zealand Ministry for the Environment
 * New Zealand Office for the Community & Voluntary Sector

Need writing:

 * New Zealand Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
 * New Zealand Ministry of Defence
 * New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage
 * New Zealand Ministry of Housing
 * New Zealand Ministry of Justice
 * New Zealand Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs
 * New Zealand Ministry of Research, Science and Technology
 * New Zealand Ministry of Social Development
 * New Zealand Ministry of Youth Development
 * Work and Income New Zealand
 * New Zealand Ministry of Women's Affairs

To do:
Add external links to govt.org.nz minister profiles for minister responisible on every government agency page.

Italics for all Maori names in pages.

Ensure that all page names for state sector organizations (nz) are in the New Zealand __________ format instead of __________________(New Zealand) using redirects where neccessary eg "New Zealand Department of Corrections" NOT "Department of Corrections (New Zealand)"

title: User:Paddy whack


text:
Category:Anticon

A category for articles on artists and albums associated with the American indie hip hop record label Anticon.

title: Category:Anticon


text:
Burlington Township

Burlington Township may refer to:

 * Burlington Township, Kane County, Illinois
 * Burlington Township, Carroll County, Indiana
 * Burlington Township, Calhoun County, Michigan
 * Burlington Township, Lapeer County, Michigan
 * Burlington Township, Minnesota
 * Burlington Township, New Jersey
 * Burlington Township, Ward County, North Dakota, in Ward County, North Dakota
 * Burlington Township, Ohio
 * Burlington Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania

title: Burlington Township


text:
Pangil

Pangil, officially the Municipality of Pangil, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 25,026 people.

This town is separated by the Laguna de Bay from each other. Pangil is 23 km from Santa Cruz, 110 km from Manila, and 71 km from Lucena.

Etymology
According to a paper entitled "Alamat ng Pangil, Laguna" written by Santiago T. Adre, there are three commonly believed and popular theories from which the name "Pangil" was derived.

One theory reveals that the town derived its name from the peculiar shape of the land area of the town looked like especially when viewed from a high place. The town's shape resembles a wild boar's Fang.

The second theory shows that the town's name was derived from the name of the pioneer settlers in this area who were known as "Panguilagan". The town was eventually given the name "Panguil" (this is the spelling which appears in moost Spanish Era documents) because most of the Spaniards had a hard time pronouncing the original term "Panguilagan".

The last theory discloses that the town's first pre-Hispanic leader, a certain "Gat Paguil". When the Spaniards had reached the area, it was this leader whom they recognized and talked with.

It was when the Americans came and took control of the Philippines in 1898, that the former name "Panguil" became what its present name "Pangil".

History
The town is one of the oldest settlements in Laguna, rich in Hispanic, American and Japanese history. Discovered artifacts of the 12th century Ming and Sung Dynasty were attributed to Chinese immigrants and traders who settled in this place then. According to oral literature, the first leader of the area, which now encompasses four separate towns, was Gat Pangil, who united four ancient settlements to establish a Tagalog kingdom in the area. During the Hispanic period, Pangil became a staging ground of the Spanish missionaries in Christian Evangelization drive in 1578 in the provinces of Rizal, Laguna and Tayabas until it gained recognition as a town through the Franciscan friars in the year 1579.

Pangil has a high advocacy for environmental protection and fast becoming a hub for ecotourism. Vested with all sorts of natural attributes, such as clean and pristine water included its natural falls, rivers, nature trails, forest, communities by the lake, cool breeze by the lake, Baguio-like microclimate in its upland, represents a wide array of highland, lowland and lake-ecosystems. It also holds a vast of natural attributes that a small and simple town can possibly be contented of and when these resources are sustainably developed. And can contribute to provide all its need to move forward as a very progressive yet an environment-friendly municipality.

The municipality is strategically situated at the southern tip of Sierra Madre mountain range (six barangays) and along the eastern margin of Jalajala Peninsula and just west of the northwestern shore of the easternmost major embayment of Laguna de Bay (two barangays). Its narrow strip of territory traverses in its length by Pangil River (12.5 km long), valued for its pristine and abundant water contributing to its domestic, agricultural, ecotourism and other potential economic uses like bulk water and hydropower. Its topography is generally flat in between rolling and steep hills.

Currently, based on the results of the Barangay Information Management System (BIMS) data, the municipality of Pangil has a total population of 27,711 consisting of 5,728 households, with about 4.84 average household size. Of the eight barangays of Pangil, five are classified as urban barangays which is actually the communities that compose the town proper, one rural barangay in the upland and two other rural barangays across the lake.

King Charles III in Pangil
One of the revered myths in the town of Pangil is the belief that in the year 1724, Prince Carlos, the son of King Philip V of Spain, was banished from his country and was sent to the Philippines. The young prince stayed in the town for three years and resided with the Franciscans in the adjoining convent of the Paroquia del Nuestra Señora de la Natividad Church considered then as the biggest in Laguna. The prince was a known hunter and he enjoyed his stay in the Sierra Madre mountain range that was known as a good hunting ground for wild animals and fowls. He was also very fond of the creek that branched out from the Pangil River and now called as the Bambang Hari or King's Canal.

By the year 1728, the King lifted the ban on the Prince and ordered the latter to return to their kingdom. With his ascension to the throne of Spain as King Charles III, he ordered his emissaries to send the statue of Nuestra Seńora de la O (Our Lady of Expectation) and the statue of Santo Nińo de la O (Holy Child of Expectation) as a sign of gratitude and appreciation to the Pangilenians for the hospitality and kindness that was accorded to him. Although this story is a source of pride among the Pangilenos, there is nothing in the historical records of the archives of the Franciscan Province in the Philippines or the Archdiocese of Manila, or the Ministerio del Ultramar in Madrid that could corroborate this folk history.

Barangays
Pangil is politically subdivided into 8 barangays: Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of Pangil was 25,026 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2.

List of local chief executives

 * Under the American Civil Government:

 * 1900-1905 Antonio A. Fabricante
 * 1906-1907 Pedro Dalena
 * 1908-1909 Agustin Martinez
 * 1910-1912 Roman Maulawin
 * 1913-1919 Engracio Balita
 * 1920-1922 Victor Acapulco
 * 1923-1925 Antonio Aclan
 * 1926-1928 Abraham de Guia
 * 1929-1934 Santiago T. Adre

 * During the Commonwealth Period:

 * 1935-1937 Canuto Galvez
 * 1938-1940 Esteban C. Icarangal

 * During World War II:

 * 1941-1945 Zoilo Martinez Pajarillo

 * During the post- war period:

 * 1946-1947 Santiago T. Adre
 * 1948-1955 Alfredo M. Fabricante
 * 1956-1959 Pastor de Ramos
 * 1960-1963 Geminiano C. Gualberto

 * During the Marcos dictatorship:

 * 1964-1967 Cristobal T. Demery
 * 1968-1971 Geminiano C. Gualberto
 * 1972-1979 Pedro D. Aritao

 * During the Contemporary Period:

 * 1980-1992 Dominador V. Manzana
 * 1992-1995 Valentin B. Santa Ana
 * 1995-2004 Sergio C. Manzana
 * 2004-2013 Juanita C. Manzana
 * 2013-2016 Jovit Reyes
 * 2016-2019 Oscar Rafanan
 * 2019-2020 Jovit Reyes
 * 2020–present Gerald A. Aritao

title: Pangil


text:
Chanthaburi

Chanthaburi (จันทบุรี, ) is a town (thesaban mueang) in the east of Thailand, on the banks of the Chanthaburi River. It is the capital of the Chanthaburi Province and the Mueang Chanthaburi District.

The town covers the two tambons Talat and Wat Mai of Mueang Chanthaburi District. As of 2005, the town had a population of 27,602. The town figures in the legacy of King Taksin. In 1981 the Thai cabinet passed a resolution to bestow on him the honorary title of the Great. When the Bank of Thailand issued the 12th Series of banknotes, called The Great Series, the monument of King Taksin the Great in the town's Tungnachaey recreational park appeared on the back of the 20 baht note issued 28 December 1981, the 214th anniversary of his coronation.

The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, the principal church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chanthaburi, is the largest church in Thailand.

Climate
Chanthaburi has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am), with little variation in temperature throughout the year. Rainfall, however, varies dramatically by season. Rainfall is light and infrequent in the short dry season (December to February), but the wet season (April to October) features torrential rain. March and November are transitional months, during which significant rainfall may occur in some years, while in other years little rain falls.

Transportation
Route 3 (Sukhumvit Road) passes near Chanthaburi and connects to city to Rayong, Pattaya, Chonburi, and Bangkok to the northwest and Trat to the southeast. Route 317 connects Chanthaburi to Sa Kaeo.

title: Chanthaburi


text:
William Fielding

William Fielding may refer to:

 * William Stevens Fielding (1848–1929), Canadian journalist, politician, and Premier of Nova Scotia
 * William Fielding (architect) (1875–1946), New Zealand architect, and bowls player
 * Bill Fielding (1915–2006), English footballer

title: William Fielding


text:
Colony of New South Wales

The Colony of New South Wales was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901, when it became a State of the Commonwealth of Australia. At its greatest extent, the colony of New South Wales included the present-day Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia, the Northern Territory as well as New Zealand. The first "responsible" self-government of New South Wales was formed on 6 June 1856 with Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson appointed by Governor Sir William Denison as its first Colonial Secretary.

Formation
On 18 January 1788, the First Fleet led by Captain Arthur Phillip founded the first British settlement in Australian history as a penal colony. Having set sail on 13 May 1787, Captain Arthur Phillip assumed the role of governor of the settlement upon arrival. On 18 January 1788, the first ship of the First Fleet, HMS Supply, with Phillip aboard, reached Botany Bay. However, Botany Bay was found to be unsuitable by Phillip. After Phillip led the exploration of Port Jackson, he sailed and reached Sydney Cove on night of 25 January 1788. On the morning of 26 January, men on board this ship went ashore and started clearing land for a camp. In the afternoon-evening, they erected a flag pole, raised the Union Jack, and the officers ashore made toasts to the Royal Family and the success of the colony. Likely, some, or all, ships of the First Fleet were present for the flag raising. On the morning of 27 January, all the fit male convicts, marines, and likely some ships' crew went ashore to establish the camp and find food. The female convicts came ashore on 6 February 1788. About midday on 7 February, the convicts, marines and others who were staying were gathered by the Governor for the reading of the proclamation of New South Wales and a long reading of the rights of the convicts and others. Thus, the Colony of New South Wales was formally proclaimed on 7 February 1788. Before that, British naval administration applied. The colony faced extreme difficulty in its earliest years from water scarcity.

The Separation of Van Diemen's Land
Major-General Ralph Darling was appointed Governor of New South Wales in 1825, and in the same year he visited Hobart Town, and on 3 December proclaimed the establishment of the independent colony, of which he was Governor for three days.

The Separation of South Australia
In 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834, which enabled the colony of South Australia to be established.

The Separation of New Zealand
On 16 November 1840, the British government issued the Charter for Erecting the Colony of New Zealand. The Charter stated that the Colony of New Zealand would be established as a Crown colony separate from New South Wales on 1 July 1841.

The Separation of Victoria
On 1 July 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council, and the absolute independence of Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria.

The Separation of Queensland
A public meeting was held in 1851 to consider Queensland's proposed separation from New South Wales. On 6 June 1859, Queen Victoria signed Letters Patent to form the separate Colony of Queensland. Brisbane was named as the capital city. On 10 December 1859, a proclamation was read by British author George Bowen, whereby Queensland was formally separated from the state of New South Wales. As a result, Bowen became the first Governor of Queensland. On 22 May 1860 the first Queensland election was held and Robert Herbert, Bowen's private secretary, was appointed as the first Premier of Queensland.

Demographics
According to the 1891 Census:

 * The Colony of New South Wales had a population of 1,123,954 people, with males counted at 608,003 and females counted at 515,951. This number included the population of people living in the Federal Territory, now the Australian Capital Territory. This number also did not include full-blooded Aboriginals.

Federation
The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia. This effectively changed New South Wales from being a colony to a state of Australia.

Australia Act
In the Australia Act 1986, the states of Australia achieved independence from the United Kingdom as constituents of Australian confederation. The Act followed discovery that, when Australia ratified the 1931 Statute of Westminster, only the federal state became independent of the United Kingdom due to State concerns of a grab for power by the Commonwealth Government. The 1986 Act ended the British government's authority over the six Australian unitary states in confederation, just as it had ceased to have authority over the Commonwealth during the inter-war period. All colonial-era laws were no longer were subject to Imperial powers of disallowance and reservation. Acts of the federal state, i.e. the Commonwealth of Australia, remain subject to power of disallowance and reservation by the monarch of Australia, per sections 59 and 60 of the Australian Constitution. But as the Australian monarch can act only on the advice of the Australian Prime Minister, those two provisions are effectively dead letters.

title: Colony of New South Wales


text: Category:Cemeteries in Texas

title: Category:Cemeteries in Texas


text:
List of school districts in Manitoba

This is a list of school divisions in Manitoba, and does not include locally-controlled Manitoba Band Operated Schools, which are funded and regulated by the federal Government of Canada.

The province's school divisions and districts are generally categorized by region: Central, Northern/Remote, Parkland/Westman, Southeast/Interlake, and Winnipeg. The one exception is Division Scolaire Franco-Manitobaine, which has French-language schools distributed across the regions.

Overview
The province's school divisions and districts are generally categorized by region: Central, Northern/Remote, Parkland/Westman, Southeast/Interlake, and Winnipeg.

Education in Manitoba falls under the purview of the Minister of Education and is primarily governed by The Public Schools Act and The Education Administration Act, as well as their respective regulations. Locally-controlled Manitoba Band Operated Schools are funded and regulated by the federal Government of Canada.

In 2019/2020, Manitoba had:

 * 690 public schools
 * 613 elementary schools
 * 301 secondary schools
 * 625 English-only schools
 * 114 French immersion schools
 * 26 French-only (Français) schools
 * 17 bilingual schools with international languages
 * 3 bilingual schools with Indigenous languages
 * Total of 13,786 teachers
 * Total enrolment of 186,372

title: List of school districts in Manitoba


text:
Microprinting

Microprinting is the production of recognizable patterns or characters in a printed medium at a scale that typically requires magnification to read with the naked eye. To the unaided eye, the text may appear as a solid line. Attempts to reproduce by methods of photocopy, image scanning, or pantograph typically translate as a dotted or solid line, unless the reproduction method can identify and recreate patterns to such scale. Microprint is predominantly used as an anti-counterfeiting technique, due to its inability to be easily reproduced by widespread digital methods.

While microphotography precedes microprint, microprint was significantly influenced by Albert Boni in 1934 when he was inspired by his friend, writer and editor Manuel Komroff, who was showing his experimentations related to the enlarging of photographs. It occurred to Boni that if he could reduce rather than enlarge photographs, this technology might enable publication companies and libraries to access much greater quantities of data at a minimum cost of material and storage space. Over the following decade, Boni worked to develop microprint, a micro-opaque process in which pages were photographed using 35mm microfilm and printed on cards using offset lithography. This process proved to produce a 6" by 9" index card that stored 100 pages of text from the normal-sized publications he was reproducing. Boni began the Readex Microprint company to produce and license this technology. He also published an article A Guide to the Literature of Photography and Related Subjects (1943), which appeared in a supplemental 18th issue of the Photo-Lab Index.

Usage
Currency commonly exhibits the highest quality (smallest size) of microprint because it demands the highest level of counterfeiting deterrence. For example, on the series 2004 United States $20 bill, microprint is hidden within the border in the lower left corner of the obverse (front) side, as well as the Twenty USA background.

Bank cheques, as well as various other items of value may also commonly leverage microprinting methods, but generally not of such extreme size. For example, personal bank cheques commonly place the characters MP next to the signature line of the check; these characters represent microprint and indicate that the signature line or other check features are actually microprinted characters. The microprinted characters are used as an anti-counterfeiting feature due to their difficulty in being reproduced while the prominent MP serves as an overt deterrent warning that the item employs microprint.

While microprinting at some scales may be readable to the human eye without microscopy, there is no differentiation between microprinting at these different scales.

The first US postage stamp to incorporate microprinting was the American Wildflower Series introduced by The United States Postal Service in 1992. It was also the first commemorative stamp wholly produced by offset lithography. The USPS has since issued other stamps with more complex microprinting incorporated along with dates, words, and abbreviations such as USPS and even entire stamp designs composed of microprint letters.

There was passing interest in microprinting as a solution to book storage in libraries in the 1940s. Librarian Fremont Rider championed microprinting over micro-film for its reduced cost. He also suggested that entire books could be printed on the backs of library catalog cards, which are generally blank, replacing the storage of full-sized books on library shelves.

Production

Microprint of the smallest scale is only producible by hand using engraved offset printing plates or some other method of Intaglio (printmaking).

Digital microtext printers utilize specially designed fonts and ink for the purpose. The ink used is most commonly MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) toner particles but may also be polyester based toners and styrene acrylate polymer based toners. The ink is not limited to grayscale only, but may also use color toners or even more specialized toners containing dyes sensitive to ultraviolet or infrared radiation and producing fluorescence when exposed to those radiations.

Microtext and microfonts

Microprint of the scale capable by other printing methods cannot be produced by a digital printer regardless of the resolution of the device. Some digital fonts are designed specifically for the purpose of microprinting. These pseudo-microprint fonts are referred to as microtext.

Xerox was acclaimed for developing a microtext font they claimed could produce characters 1/100 of an inch tall; 1/100 of an inch is equivalent to 0.72 points.

In April 2015, Videojet Technologies released their 1650 High Resolution (HR) and 1620 HR Continuous Inkjet (CIJ) printers, said to be capable of printing sub-pixel size characters as small as 0.6 mm in height (equivalent to 1.70079 points). The printers use a 40-micron nozzle that outputs more than 100,000 drops per second of ink. While these printers make microprinting faster and easier to produce digitally, they still have not reached the true sub-pixel size of less than 1 point.

The smallest scale microtext a laser printer can produce is 0.5 pt.

Microstructures
Using gold nanoparticle inks on a glass substrate, scientists concluded that it was possible for them to control the production of print patterns to a scale of 2 microns. After printing, the nano-particle ink suspension was heated using a Gaussian laser; as it heated, the glass would expand due to the thermal conductivity of the gold nano-ink. In further experiments, they were able to fuse the nano-particles together into a tighter formation a continuous conductive line. Such experiments did not directly include font characters but could translate to such usage.

title: Microprinting


text:
User:Xmort~enwiki

My background is in biochemistry, but my hobbies are history and airplanes. And since my English is kind of lousy, don't expect any long stories. Just a sentence or two, sometimes a picture.

title: User:Xmort~enwiki


text:
Yitzchak Meir Alter

Yitzchak Meir Rotenberg-Alter (יצחק מאיר אלטער, Icchak Meir Rothenberg Alter, יצחק מאיר אלתר) (1799 – 10 March 1866), was the first Rebbe of the Ger Hasidic dynasty, which he founded in the town of Góra Kalwaria (known as "Ger" in Yiddish), Poland. He headed the Kupath Rabbi Meir Baal Haness Kollel Polen (Poland) Varsha (Warsaw) (Hebrew ). He was also known as The Chiddushei HaRim for his Torah writings, and was sometimes fondly called Reb Itche Meir (Yiddish) by his followers.

Early life
Alter was born in Magnuszew, Austrian Poland, in late 1799. He came from a very distinguished family of rabbis, among the most prominent in Germany and Poland. He was a descendant of Rashi and of the Tosafist, Rabbi Meir ben Baruch of Rothenburg.

He married Feigele Lipszyc, daughter of Moshe 'Halfon' Lipszyc, in 1811, and settled in Warsaw. They had fourteen children, according to most published sources, most of whom died in infancy.

Alter became known as a Talmudic gaon. At first, he was close to the rebbes of Kozhnitz, however after some years, he was drawn to Rebbe Simcha Bunim of Peshischa, whose close adherent he became. After the demise of Simcha Bunim, Alter became a disciple of Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Kotzk, also known as the Kotzker Rebbe, who was famous for his acerbic wit and Talmudic brilliance. He was soon followed by a large number of Simcha Bunim's followers. Alter and the Kotzker Rebbe eventually became brothers-in-law, when the latter married Chaya Lipszyc, the sister of Alter's wife Feigele.

In 1830, he was forced to change his name to Alter because of his support towards the Poles during the November Uprising.

Alter was temporarily succeeded as the Rebbe of the Ger hasidim by his colleague and disciple, Rabbi Chanoch Henoch of Aleksander.

One of his sons, Avraham Mordechai, and three daughters, Cyna Pesia, Leah Hudes, and Esther, survived to adulthood and married. However, by the time of Alter's death on 23 Adar 5626 (1866), only one child (Esther) remained alive.

Works
Rabbi Alter is still well known for his talmudic commentary, though he wrote on many other areas. Extant published works are:

 * Chiddushei HaRim on Choshen Mishpat Part 1 Part 3
 * Chiddushei HaRim on Torah link
 * Chiddushei HaRim on Bava Batra link
 * Chiddushei HaRim on Bava Metzia link
 * Chiddushei HaRim on Bava Kama link
 * Chiddushei HaRim on Shavuot link
 * Chiddushei HaRim on Gittin link
 * Chiddushei HaRim on Ketubot link
 * Chiddushei HaRim on Pirkei Avot link

title: Yitzchak Meir Alter


text:
Talk:List of Bronx neighborhoods

Questions
Could someone tell me if my neighborhood groupings are correct? I believe they are but it if anyone here is from the Bronx could you help me confirm? (example Westchester Square is part of Castle Hill?)

Soundview is in the South Bronx? I always thought of that as the East Bronx.

I think something better could be chosen for the neighborhood listing then a baseball field. Its kind of misleading as to what its actually supposed to represent.
 * Perhaps you can find a better image, free of any copyright issues. --Zimbabweed 18:46, 12 August 2006 (UTC)

Neighborhood naming convention
In case anyone hadn't noticed, Communities strawpoll is voting on a uniform naming convention for all neighborhoods of U.S. cities. The proposition currently leading by a wide margin would apparently entail renaming most New York City neighborhood articles to something like neighborhood, New York, New York. older ≠ wiser 19:01, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

"Riverdale known for its aristocracy"
This is just stupid. United States does not have "aristocracy", so this writer is wrong.

Affluence is the better term. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.20.89.211 (talk) 14:56, 23 June 2016 (UTC)

Parks, Prison, & Marble Hill
I suggest removing Pelham Bay Park, and Orchard Beach, as they are parks, not neighborhoods.

I would also like to point out that Rikers Island, is both an island and a populated location, so it may also count as a neighborhood.

Since Marble Hill is not a part of the Bronx, perhaps it should be listed under its own section? HugoHelp (talk) 15:49, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

Williamsbridge vs Olinville Comment
Does anybody know if Olinville is another name for, or a subsection of, Williamsbridge? Or is it regards as a completely different neighborhood? HugoHelp (talk) 22:13, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Indian Village in Morris Park
I found Indian Village, Bronx within Morris Park, Bronx on Google Street View (https://www.google.com/maps/place/Indian+Village,+The+Bronx,+NY/@40.8531364,-73.8609335,2711m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x89c2f4a9260679f3:0x2148bff794968e74!2sMorris+Park,+The+Bronx,+NY!3b1!8m2!3d40.850331!4d-73.8513744!3m4!1s0x89c2f4a825334e7b:0x6c55b6e6a4b17ef3!8m2!3d40.854064!4d-73.8551375?hl=en), but if anything the description of it on this list belongs in the article on Morris Park itself, rather than here. -User:DanTD (talk) 13:44, 16 August 2019 (UTC)

 * This section of the Bronx is considered closer to Pelham Bay and Eastchester sections of the Bronx. The locals don’t see this as Morris Park.
 * but more as Pelham Parkway. Possible it is or was at one time as it was patrolled by the 45th PCT until the 49th was built in the early 80’s
 * but to us it’s definitely not Morris Park.That starts at Williams Bridge Rd and goes down to 180th St between Tremont and Laconia After that your on Lidyg Ave and that becomes Bronxdale. Hope this is interesting. I was born and raised there. Thank you for your interest in the community. It was an amazing place to learn about life and the world we live in. 2603:8001:6CF0:85C0:6D04:910:326D:B62C (talk) 06:25, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

Many Neighborhoods Not included
Great reference only half complete. Fordham, Zarega, Hunts Point among just a few not mentioned and where is Arthur Ave. There is a North Bronx and a very important South Bronx Mosholu Pkwy Prospect Ave Washington Hieghts Kingsbridge Section. Many neighborhoods left out of this article. Still very good reference and accurate. Bronx Native 2603:8001:6CF0:85C0:6D04:910:326D:B62C (talk) 06:00, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Bronx neighborhoods


text:
Elegies (group)

Elegies (エレジーズ) is the Hello! Project 2005 shuffle group consisting of Ai Takahashi and Reina Tanaka of Morning Musume, along with Melon Kinenbi's Ayumi Shibata and Country Musume's Mai Satoda. The name comes from the word elegy. They released the single "Like the Impressionist Renoir (印象派　ルノアールのように)" on June 22, 2005.

title: Elegies (group)


text:
Chengzong

Chengzong is a Chinese temple name. It may refer to:

 * Qian Hongzuo (928–947), King Zhongxian of Wuyue
 * Temür Khan (1265–1307), Emperor Chengzong of Yuan
 * Dorgon (1612–1650), prince regent of the Qing dynasty, once posthumously honoured as Emperor Chengzong of Qing

title: Chengzong


text:
Bergen Arches

Bergen Arches is an abandoned railroad right of way through Bergen Hill (the lower New Jersey Palisades) in Jersey City, New Jersey.

History
Bergen Arches is the common name for the Erie Cut, the Erie Railroad's mile-long, four-track cut which linked the railroad's main line to its Hudson River waterfront Pavonia Terminal, where travelers to Manhattan could transfer to the Pavonia Ferry or the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad. From 1906 to 1910, using 250,000 pounds of dynamite, workers blasted through 800000 cuyd of blue trap rock; 160000 cuyd of earth were excavated. There were construction cost overruns (and settlements paid to local homeowners for damage and injuries from flying rock), with a total cost around $5 million, that led to financial trouble for the Erie and the cancellation of plans to build a new terminal along the Jersey City waterfront. The term "Bergen Arches" originally referred to the massive bridges over the cut, but the two terms have become synonymous.

The last trains to the terminal ran in 1957. The line was abandoned that year. The adjacent tunnel (the Long Dock Tunnel) from the mid-19th century that the Erie Cut replaced is used for freight, and is being restored as part of Liberty Corridor Project as an extension of National Docks Secondary line.

Future
Various projects have been proposed for the abandoned track bed: for a four-lane or six-lane highway that would connect the New Jersey Turnpike and U.S. Route 1/9 bypassing traffic headed along New Jersey Route 139 for the Holland Tunnel, extension of the Hudson Bergen Light Rail, or in conjunction with the Harsimus Stem Embankment, a recreational greenway.

A freeway proposed in 1989 by Governor Thomas Kean was strongly supported by then-Mayor Bret Schundler. In 1998, this project was allocated $26 million in the federal Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. During the 2001 mayoral race, candidates instead lobbied for a mass transit line, and in 2002 the plans were dropped during Mayor Cunningham's administration. In that year, Parsons Brinckerhoff, a consulting firm, released another report commissioned by New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) and describing the conditions and analyzing of various options. NJDOT has continued to fund studies for the project. In March 2011, an additional $13.4 million was allocated to advance the project.

A Bergen Arches Preservation Coalition has proposed to run the East Coast Greenway through the Arches.

title: Bergen Arches


text:
Flin Flon School Division

The Flin Flon School Division maintains and operates two elementary schools and two high schools in the city of Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada. The Flin Flon School Division provides educational services to the children of Flin Flon, Channing, and the residentially developed nearby areas of Big Island, Schist Lake and Bakers Narrows on Lake Athapapuskow.

Historically, the School Division has also served the high school students of nearby Creighton, Saskatchewan, and Denare Beach, Saskatchewan, although in 2003/2004, Creighton residents began the development of their own High School Program at Creighton School.

Notable alumni who attended schools in the Flin Flon School Division include professional ice hockey players Bobby Clarke, Reggie Leech and Reid Simpson.

Schools

 * Ruth Betts School
 * Hapnot Collegiate Hapnot Collegiate
 * Many Faces Education Centre Many Faces Education Centre
 * Ecolé McIsaac School Ecole McIsaac School

title: Flin Flon School Division


text:
New Jersey Department of Transportation

The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) is the agency responsible for transportation issues and policy in New Jersey, including maintaining and operating the state's highway and public road system, planning and developing transportation policy, and assisting with rail, freight, and intermodal transportation issues. It is headed by the Commissioner of Transportation. The present acting commissioner is Francis K. O'Connor.

History
The agency that became NJDOT began as the New Jersey State Highway Department (NJSHD) c. 1920. NJDOT was established in 1966 as the first State transportation agency in the United States. The Transportation Act of 1966 (Chapter 301, Public Laws, 1966) established the NJDOT on December 12, 1966.

Since the late 1970s, NJDOT has been phasing out or modifying many traffic circles in New Jersey. In 1979, with the establishment of New Jersey Transit, NJDOT's rail division, which funded and supported State-sponsored passenger rail service, was folded into the new agency.

Until 2003, the NJDOT included the Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV), which was reorganized as the self-operating New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission (MVC).

NJDOT Commissioners

 * David J. Goldberg (1966–1970)
 * John C. Kohl (1970–1974)
 * Alan Sagner (1974–1977)
 * Russell Mullen (1977–1978)
 * Louis J. Gambaccini (1978–1981)
 * Anne P. Canby (1981–1982)
 * John P. Sheridan Jr. (1982–1985)
 * Roger A. Bodman (1985–1986)
 * Hazel Frank Gluck (1986–1989)
 * Robert Innocenzi (1989–1990)
 * Tom Downs (1990–1993)
 * Kathy Stanwick (1993–1994)
 * Dennis Keck (1994)
 * Frank J. Wilson (1994–1996)
 * John J. Haley (1997–1998)
 * James Weinstein (1998–2001)
 * Jamie Fox (2002)
 * Jack Lettiere (2003–2006)
 * Kris Kolluri (2006–2008)
 * Stephen Dilts (2008–2010)
 * James S. Simpson (2010–2014)
 * Joseph Bertoni (2014)
 * Jamie Fox (2014–2015)
 * Richard T. Hammer (2015–2018)
 * Diane Gutierrez-Scaccetti (2018–2024)
 * Francis K. O'Connor (2024–)

Public roads
NJDOT operates, develops, and maintains the State's public road system, including Interstate, State and Federal highways, with a total of 2,316.69 miles of NJDOT-owned and operated roads (as of July 2015). Most major highways including Interstate, U.S. and NJ State routes within New Jersey are under NJDOT jurisdiction, except toll routes including the New Jersey Turnpike, Garden State Parkway (under the New Jersey Turnpike Authority) and the Atlantic City Expressway as well as the interstate toll bridges and tunnels.

Freight planning
NJDOT develops interim and long-term plans and strategic policy on freight and shipping in and around the state. These intermodal policies cover trucking, rail, maritime and air freight.

Capital programs
The Transportation Capital Program and the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) allocate state and federal transportation funding, including projected projects and investment.

Community programs
Assistance to local communities and grants for transportation-related projects, such as transit villages.

Engineering
This refers to technical planning, development, design and research for projects.

Bureau of Aeronautics
NJDOT's Bureau of Aeronautics has general oversight of public use airports and restricted use facilities, including airstrips, heliports and balloon ports, addresses aviation safety and provides licensing and registration on aviation facilities and aerial activities including advertising, aerial racing, and sports.

Railroads
The NJDOT was also responsible for funding and supporting passenger rail service within New Jersey and to and from nearby points from the late 1960s onward, including procuring new modern equipment and rolling stock. The agency purchased EMD GP40Ps for the Central Railroad of New Jersey in 1968, the GE U34CH locomotives and Comet I cars for the Erie Lackawanna (1970) and Arrow I, II & III electric MU cars for the Penn Central in 1968–69, 1974 and 1977–78 respectively. During 1976 NJDOT took control of passenger rail routes operated by the Penn Central, Erie Lackawanna, CNJ and Reading Lines (with Conrail operating services under contract).

In 1979, New Jersey Transit assumed responsibilities for passenger rail in New Jersey.

NJDOT is a member of the Northeast Corridor Commission.

Traffic management
NJDOT maintains the Statewide Traffic Management Center (sTMC) headquartered in Woodbridge Township. STMC is also the home to New Jersey State Police and the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. STMC is staffed 24/7 and is responsible for the coordination and logistics of statewide resources during major incidents within New Jersey.

title: New Jersey Department of Transportation


text:
Aventinus

Aventinus may refer to:

Places: Persons: Others:
 * Aventinus, Latin name of Abensberg, Germany
 * Aventine Hill, named after Aventinus, king of Alba and Latium
 * Aventinus (mythology), son of Hercules and Rhea
 * Aventinus of Alba Longa, descendant of Aeneas, king of the Latins (future Rome site)
 * Saint Aventinus (d. c 537), disciple of St. Loup
 * Aventinus of Tours (d. 1180), hermit and saint
 * Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist
 * Aventinus (beer), a wheat doppelbock brewed by G. Schneider & Sohn, in Bavaria, Germany

title: Aventinus


text:
Raymond Boulevard

Raymond Boulevard is a major thoroughfare in Newark, New Jersey. The eastern portion of the road acts as the westbound member of a one-way pair; eastbound traffic uses Market Street and Ferry Street. Raymond Boulevard carries eastbound and westbound traffic west of Market Street, passing through Newark Penn Station and intersecting with McCarter Highway (New Jersey Route 21), Broad Street, Halsey Street, Washington Street, among others.

History
The street was built on the filled-in Morris Canal, a portion of which became the underground right-of-way for the Newark City Subway. The eastern 3 mi were part of the Lincoln Highway.

Route description
The road carries traffic from the interchange at the west end of the Pulaski Skyway (U.S. Route 1/9) and U.S. Route 1-9 Truck in the Ironbound, passing thorough historic Riverbank Park and abutting Newark Riverfront Park on the Passaic River.

At Pennsylvania Station, it enters the high-tech corridor of downtown Newark and is lined with modern office skyscrapers such as the Gateway Center, Newark Legal Center, One Newark Center, and 80 Park Plaza.

The Eleven 80 building, an Art Deco office tower and one of the tallest buildings in Newark, is named for its Raymond Boulevard address, across from Military Park.

The avenue crosses Broad Street two blocks north of Four Corners, the traditional center of the city. Proceeding west, it passes the campuses of Rutgers–Newark and New Jersey Institute of Technology. At the Warren Street intersection, Raymond Boulevard ends when it merges into Lock Street.

title: Raymond Boulevard