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King's Scout

A King's Scout (also known as Queen's Scout during the reign of Elizabeth II) is a Scout who has attained the King's Scout Award. The King's Scout Award is the highest youth award achievable in the Scouting movement in the Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom, Canada (King's Venturer Award), Australia, and New Zealand (King's Scout Kauri Award), where Scouts operate under the patronage of King Charles III. Whether the award recipient is a Queen's or King's Scout depends on who is the current monarch of the Commonwealth realms.

Initially the award required demonstrated proficiency in standardised Scoutcraft and skills useful for service to others and the nation. The current requirements are different in each country and now focus on personal development and typically involve achieving challenges from several areas such as community involvement, adventurous activities, personal growth and leadership development. King's Scouts are entitled to attend one King's Scout Parade held at Windsor Castle each year held on the Sunday closest to St George's Day; this is the only time when Scouts officially march.

History
In November 1909, King Edward VII approved Robert Baden-Powell's request that boys who passed special tests for efficiency be ranked as "King's Scouts". A badge with a crown signified the award as a "King's Scout", on the left sleeve. The First Class Scout had to pass the Guide's badge, and any three of: Ambulance, Bugler, Cyclist, Marksman, Seaman, and Signaller. From 1911, it was proposed that one troop from each of the countries of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa would be awarded a Challenge Standard of the name of "King's troop", where the troop had no less than 24 boys, and each King's Scout must have been a member of the troop for at least six months. From early-1919 to at least the mid-1920s, there briefly existed a "King's Sea Scout" badge for the Sea Scout branch alongside the King's Scout Award. Badges for both could be earned by a Sea Scout. After the formal establishment of the Senior Scout section in 1946, only Senior Scouts (or Boy Scouts over 15 years of age) could become King's Scouts. Under the reign of Elizabeth II the uniform award emblem normally consisted of a stylised St Edward's Crown. The award was renamed from King's Scout to Queen's Scout by April 1952, with the succession and approval of Queen Elizabeth II. Since 1947, individuals who achieve the King's Scout or Queen's Scout award receive a certificate with a facsimile signature of the monarch at that time. The certificate for a King's Scout, headed by a stylised Royal coat of arms of the monarch, stated:
 * AS A KING'S SCOUT you have prepared yourself for service to God and your fellow-men, and have shown yourself a worthy member of the great SCOUT BROTHERHOOD. I wish you God-speed on your journey through life; may it prove for you a joyous adventure.

United Kingdom
The King's Scout Award in the United Kingdom is the ultimate goal of a progressive award scheme and is achieved by completing the following requirements through The Scout Association:

 * Be 16 or over to start this award and be under 25 to complete it as well as still being a member of the Association.
 * Be a member of Explorer Scouts or the Scout Network or both for at least 18 months.
 * Complete 18 nights away as an Explorer Scout or member of the Scout Network, of which 12 must be camping.
 * Complete six activities from a list of International, Environment and Values activities, two from each topic area.
 * Holders of the Chief Scout's Platinum Award only need to complete four activities from the list, and holders of the Chief Scout's Diamond Award only need to complete two. The activities should be different from those completed as part of the other awards.
 * Hold the Gold Duke of Edinburgh's Award, or complete the five King's Scout Award Challenges, which are:
 * Take up a Skill for 6 or 12 months and show progress and lasting interest.
 * Take up a Physical Activity for 6 or 12 months.
 * All members should complete 12 months of either the Physical or the Skill.
 * Provide Service to an individual or the community for 12 months.
 * Plan, complete and review a four-day and three-night expedition in open or adventurous country by foot, cycle, horse, canoe, kayak, boat or dinghy.
 * Complete a five-day and four-night residential project in an unfamiliar environment with people who are not known.
 * Following completion of the first four elements of the Award, make a presentation, to a suitable audience, of your achievements so far in working towards the King's Scout Award.

Explorer Scouts and members of the Scout Network who are not holders of the Duke of Edinburgh's Silver Award or the Chief Scout's Diamond Award must complete an extra six months in either the Service or the longer of the Skills or Physical Recreation Challenge. Upon the succession of King Charles III in September 2022, the award in the United Kingdom was renamed "King's Scout". The first King's Scout in England was awarded to patrol leader Victor Watkins, of Broadstone, Dorset, on or before January 1910. The first person to hold both the Queen's Guide Award and the Queen's Scout Award was Susan Parker of 1st Brantham Panthers Venture Scout Unit in 1980.

Australia

Historically, it is given the first Australasian King's Scout was in New Zealand by August 1910. By October 1910, at least one troop in Australia had two King's Scouts, the 1st Kensington Troop, Adelaide. The first King's Scout in Queensland was awarded by June 1911. Those scouts were then eligible to complete 21 badges to be awarded the 'Silver Wolf'.

The Award Scheme is designed for Venturer Scouts, formerly called Senior Scouts. Its aim is to widen the interests and knowledge of Venturer Scouts. Its rationale is based on the aim and methods of Scouting allowing fun, variety, personal choice and to assist in planning for a balanced program. It is a system designed to be challenging and encouraging for people over a wide range of activities. The Queen's Scout Award requires the Scout to complete a number of achievements in the Venturer Scout Award Scheme. These are:
 * Queen's Scout Award.pngetion of Program Essentials – Milestone 3
 * Twelve progressions in the Outdoor Adventure Skills. This must include achieving at least Stage 5 in each of the Core skills of:
 * Bushcraft (Pioneering and/or Survival Skills),
 * Bushwalking, and Camping, if not previously completed
 * This must include at least four achievements of Stage 4 or higher in any stream
 * Six Special Interest Area projects
 * An Adventurous Journey
 * A Leadership or Personal Development Course
 * A Personal Reflection

Approval may be required from the youth member's Unit Council, the District Venturer Council or a separate examiner. This peer review aims to maintain good standards for the award. A number of the requirements of the Venturer Scout Award Scheme, and thus the peak award itself, are mapped to competencies in the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), which allows award recipients to apply for several nationally-recognised qualifications in vocational areas such as Business, Active Volunteering and Outdoor Recreation.

An adult leader who has earned the King's Scout Badge, the Queen's Scout Badge or the Queen's Scout Award (as a youth member) is entitled to wear a miniature replica of the cloth badge on their uniform. The award may be renamed from "Queen's Scout Award" to "King's Scout Award", if King Charles III accepts Royal Patronage of the Scout Association of Australia following his coronation in May 2023. From June 2023, after the approval of the Royal Household, the award may continue to be awarded under the name of the "Queen's Scout Award" instead of "Venturer Scout Peak Award" as it was known from September 2022 to June 2023 until King Charles III makes his official decision on whether to accept Royal Patronage of the movement.

Canada
Initially the King's Scout Award, Scouts Canada changed the Queen's Scout Award (during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II) into the Queen's Venturer Award in 1968, when the Scout programme was divided into the Scout and Venturer programmes. The award is presented to venturers who have acquired competence and skills that will be of considerable use to themselves, their company, and their community. These venturers will have also been recognized by the company, the advisor, and Scouts Canada as being worthy of receiving the award. The certificate is signed by the governor general of Canada, in the official capacity as chief scout of Canada.

Hong Kong
The Queen's Scout award was awarded in Hong Kong for the Venture Scout section before 1 April 1997. The Royal Certificate (Queen's Scout Award certificate) was awarded in the Hong Kong Scout Rally or on St George's Day (before 1987), by the Governor of Hong Kong. A Scout Leader who was awarded the Queen's Scout Award could have worn a Queen's Scout Leader's insignia on their uniform. After 1997, it was replaced with the HKSAR Scout Award. The name of the current award was revised again in 2008, due to the outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong, to the Dragon Scout Award. The King's Scout Certificate is signed by His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and all the sultans in Malaysia.

Malaysia
Until 1957, Malaya was part of the British Empire, and scouts may have been earned the King's Scout or Queen's Scout Award. Since gaining independence from the United Kingdom, Malaysia's King's Scout Award is conferred in the name of the Royal Patron of the Scouts Association of Malaysia, His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (unofficially, the King of Malaysia).

New Zealand
The first King's Scout in New Zealand was Sergeant Rennie, First Woolston Troop; and given to be the first scout in Australasia. Venturer section members were eligible to achieve the King's Scout Badge, then from 1952, the Queen's Scout Award. It included completing modules on road safety, environmental awareness, personal development and community service. In 2020, the award was renamed as the Queen's Scout Kauri Award.

Singapore
Until 1963, Singapore was part of the British Empire, then becoming part of Malaysia, and in 1965, becoming its own republic. Before 1965, scouts earned the King's Scout (1926–1951) or Queen's Scout (1952–1966) Awards. After independence, the award was renamed the 'President's Scout Award' in 1967. This award is separate to the Rover Scout section's Baden Powell Award.

South Africa
Scouts in South Africa earned the King's Scout (1910–1951) or Queen's Scout (1952–1961) Awards. Upon gaining independence, the award was changed to the Springbok Award in 1961.

title: King's Scout


text: Category:Slovak poets

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Slovak poets


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Rangipo Desert

Te Onetapu, commonly known as the Rangipo Desert, is a barren desert-like environment located in New Zealand, located in the Ruapehu District on the North Island Volcanic Plateau; to the east of the three active peaks of Mount Tongariro, Mount Ngauruhoe, and Mount Ruapehu, and to the west of the Kaimanawa Range.

The Rangipo Desert receives 1500 - 2500 mm of rainfall per year, but resembles a desert because of its location on the volcanic plateau adjacently east of Ruapehu, a poor soil quality and drying winds, and also due to the mass sterilisation of seeds during a series of violent eruptions, particularly ignimbrite flows about 20,000 years ago. The vegetation is low and sparse, consisting of mainly tussock and snow grasses. The headwaters of many small streams, which later turn into large rivers, gouge deep serrated valleys through the unconsolidated ash and pumice-rich earth. The climate here is harsh and alpine, with close to 270 ground frosts per year in comparison with less than 30 in the coastal regions of Hawke's Bay, 80 km to the east. Heavy snowfalls - rarely seen in the rest of the island - are also a common occurrence in winter. Trampers and climbers in the area should be mindful of the extreme chill effect of the cold south wind which can produce wind chill factors lowering the temperature below 0°C (32°F) for days on end.

Much of the desert lies at an altitude of over 600 m, and a considerable proportion of it is over 1000 m above sea level.

The region is largely uninhabited, possibly due to the unproductive nature of the extreme winter climate. The town of Waiouru, with its army camp, lies to the south and much of the southern part of the desert is used for training purposes. To the north of the desert lies the Rangipo prison farm.

Many of the North Island's largest rivers have their headwaters in the area, particularly around the slopes of Mount Ruapehu, the North Island's highest mountain. These include the Waikato and Whangaehu Rivers, as well as major tributaries of the Rangitikei and Whanganui Rivers.

The desert is bisected by only one sealed road, a section of State Highway 1 known as the Desert Road. The road is closed for short periods most winters with barriers arms due to severe snow storms and icy road conditions. Turangi emergency services monitor the northern part of the Desert Road and the NZDF Military Police at Waiouru is responsible for the southern end. The boundary between the Waikato and Manawatū-Whanganui regions intersects the Desert Road at its summit, which at 1074m above sea level is the highest pass on the New Zealand State Highway network.

The Lord of the Rings films were shot in New Zealand, and the Black Gate of Mordor scenes were shot in the Rangipo Desert in 2000.

title: Rangipo Desert


text:
User talk:Icq628

Thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. JRM 13:31, 2004 Dec 6 (UTC)

title: User talk:Icq628


text:
Talk:Xcbl

Copyright problem solved. page was rewritten

title: Talk:Xcbl


text:
Jørgen Juve

Jørgen Juve (22 November 1906 – 12 April 1983) was a Norwegian football player, jurist, journalist, and non-fiction writer. For most of his career, he played as a striker for Lyn. He also played for a season at FC Basel in Switzerland before retiring and earned a total of 45 caps for the Norway national team. He is the highest-scoring player ever for Norway, with 33 goals in just 45 games. He was captain of the Norway team which won Olympic bronze medals in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He also had a career as a journalist for Dagbladet and Tidens Tegn, and wrote several books.

Personal life
Juve was born in Porsgrunn; the son of tanner Ole Martin Juve and Marie Pøhner. The family name originates from the farm Juve/Djuve in Lårdal, where his grandfather was born. He was the eldest of six children. His two brothers both emigrated to the United States, while his three sisters married and settled in Norway. Among his childhood friends was later composer Klaus Egge. He was married twice, first to Erna Riberg in 1932, and they had two children. One of their grandchildren is folk singer Tone Juve. He was later married to the psychologist Eva Røine, and they had one daughter. He died in Oslo in 1983.

Sports career
Juve started playing football for the Porsgrunn sports club Urædd, only 16 years old. In 1926 he moved to Oslo, where he started playing for the club Lyn. Juve played in the Norwegian Cup final for Lyn in 1928, but the team lost 2–1 against Ørn-Horten. During the season 1930–1931 he played 12 games for FC Basel in which he scored 10 goals.

He made 45 appearances and scored 33 international goals for the Norway national team between 1928 and 1937. His first match for the national team was against Finland in June 1928, and his 45th match was against Denmark in June 1937. Juve scored his first goals for Norway in June 1929, when he scored a hat-trick against Netherlands, and during the next seven matches he scored 16 goals. His 33 goals makes Juve the Norway national team all time top scorer. He only played as a striker in 22 of those games; the rest he alternated between right-back and centre-half.

He was captain of the team that won bronze medals at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. In the first round of the Olympics, 3 August, the Norwegian team met Turkey, and won the match 4–0. In the second round they met Germany, and won this match 2–0. Both goals were scored by Magnar Isaksen (after 8 and 84 minutes). Among the spectators were Hitler and Goebbels. It was the first and last time Hitler watched a football match. In the semifinal, on 10 August, the Norwegian team lost 1–2 to Italy, after extra time. Finally the team won 3–2 over Poland in the bronze final. In 2006, on the occasion of the 100-year anniversary of Juve's birth Per Ravn Omdal stated that Juve was one of the greatest Norwegian footballers while Sondre Kåfjord, Per Jorsett, Ola Dybwad Olsen and Arne Scheie named Juve as the most important contributor to Norway's only medal in an international football championship for men.

Juve retired from football in 1938, then coached Bodø/Glimt in 1939. He coached Molde FK for a few weeks in 1948.

Writing career
In 1931, Juve obtained a law degree in Basel, and would later work as a journalist and writer. He was sports editor for the newspaper Dagbladet from 1928 to 1934, and for Tidens Tegn from 1934 to 1940. During World War II Juve started the weekly magazine Bragd. In 1941 he moved to Stockholm, where he edited the magazine Norges-Nytt. In 1942 he travelled to London, and later to New York.

He worked as a journalist for Dagbladet from 1945. Among his books are Alt om fotball from 1934, Norsk fotball from 1937, and Øyeblikk from 1978. In Øyeblikk ("Moments") Juve describes memorable moments, such as when Birger Ruud won the men's downhill and Laila Schou Nilsen won the women's downhill at the 1936 Winter Olympics. From the football match against Germany in 1936 he reminisced on how some German players stopped playing and saluted when Hitler appeared. He edited a book on Ole Reistad in 1959. Juve was also a minor ballot candidate for the Liberal Party in the 1949 Norwegian parliamentary election.

Career statistics

 * Scores and results list Norway's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Juve goal.

title: Jørgen Juve


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Radio kol

Radio KOL may refer to:

 * Radio KOL (Kids Online), a defunct internet radio station for children owned by AOL
 * KKOL (AM), a radio station (1300 AM) licensed to Seattle, Washington, United States formerly known as KOL
 * Radio Kol Chai, an Israeli radio station
 * The Kingdom of Loathing role-playing game's SHOUTcast radio station

title: Radio kol


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Wakamatsu

Wakamatsu (若松) may refer to:

Places in Japan

 * Wakamatsu Island, one of the Gotō Islands
 * Aizuwakamatsu, a city in Fukushima Prefecture
 * Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyūshū, a ward of Kitakyūshū in Fukuoka Prefecture
 * Wakamatsu Station, a railway station in Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyūshū

Other uses

 * Wakamatsu (surname)

title: Wakamatsu


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Andrónico Luksic Abaroa

Antonio Andrónico Luksic Abaroa (5 November 1926 – 18 August 2005) was a Chilean businessman of Croatian and Bolivian origin. He founded the Luksic Group, becoming the richest person in Chile, the fourth in Latin America, and the 132nd in the world, with a net worth in 2005 of US$4.2 billion according to Forbes magazine. The Luksic Group has interests in the mining, financial, industrial, and beverages sectors. Major holdings include, or have included, Banco de Chile, Compañia de Cervecerias Unidas (CCU), and Antofagasta Plc, a UK-listed copper mining company. In Croatia, he was involved in the tourist industry.

In September 2002, the Chilean newspaper El Mercurio published an interview with Andrónico Luksic titled "Don Andrónico cuenta su historia" (Don Andrónico shares his story), in which he explains how, after a life of hard work, he had decided to retire and "dedicate himself to what he liked the most: his family, his beloved Croatia and social assistance".

Family
Luksic was born in Antofagasta, to a Bolivian mother, Elena Abaroa Córdova (grandchild of Bolivian War of the Pacific hero Eduardo Abaroa), and a Croatian immigrant father, Polikarp Lukšić Ljubetić, who had arrived in Chile from the Adriatic island of Brač in 1910 and had made a living in the nitrate industry.

Luksic married Ena del Carmen Craig Monett in 1953 and they had two sons: Andrónico (born 16 April 1954 ) and Guillermo (14 January 1956 – 2013) Luksic was widowed when Ena died in 1959. He married Iris Fontbona González in 1961, when she was 18 years old. They had two daughters: Paola (born 1961/1962) and Gabriela (born 1962/1963), and one son: Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona (born 31 May 1964). )

Death
Antonio Andrónico Luksic Abaroa died of cancer on 18 August 2005, aged 78, in Santiago de Chile. As of 2011, his widow Iris Fontbona and their family had a net worth of US$19.2 billion. As of October 2012 the Bloomberg Billionaires Index lists Iris Fontbona, who lives in Santiago as the 33rd richest person in the world with an estimated net worth of $19.7 billion. The Forbes 2016 lists Iris Fontbona Chile's richest person with a $13.8 billion mining assets fortune (or a $15.5 billion total fortune she shares with the rest of her immediate family), making her the fourth-richest in the region. Her net worth is equivalent to 6% of Chile's GDP. As of November 2022 Forbes Billionaire List, the Luksic family had a net worth of $22.8 billion and are considered the #83 richest family in the world.

title: Andrónico Luksic Abaroa


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Knife in the Water

Knife in the Water (Nóż w wodzie) is a 1962 Polish psychological thriller film co-written and directed by Roman Polanski in his feature debut, and starring Leon Niemczyk, Jolanta Umecka, and Zygmunt Malanowicz. Its plot follows a husband and wife who are accompanied on a boating trip by a young male hitchhiker, who spurs a number of escalating confrontations between the couple.

The film was nominated for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and is Polanski's only Polish-language feature to date. Knife in the Water has garnered acclaim from film critics since its release, and is one of Polanski's best-reviewed works. American filmmaker Martin Scorsese recognized the film as one of the masterpieces of Polish cinema and in 2013 he selected it for screening alongside films such as Andrzej Wajda's Ashes and Diamonds and Innocent Sorcerers in the United States, Canada and United Kingdom as part of the Martin Scorsese Presents: Masterpieces of Polish Cinema festival of Polish films.

Plot
Andrzej (Leon Niemczyk) and Krystyna (Jolanta Umecka) are driving to a lake to go sailing when they come upon a young man (Zygmunt Malanowicz) hitchhiking in the middle of the road. After nearly hitting him, Andrzej invites the young man along. When they arrive at the lake, instead of leaving the young man behind, Andrzej invites him to go sailing with them. The young man accepts the offer, and, not knowing much about sailing, must learn many hard lessons from Andrzej.

Meanwhile, tension gradually builds between Andrzej and the hitchhiker as they vie for the attentions of Krystyna. The title refers to the major turning point in the film when Andrzej taunts the young man with the latter's treasured pocket knife, which is accidentally lost overboard. A fight ensues between Andrzej and the hitchhiker, and the latter falls into the water. Andrzej and his wife search for him but cannot find him and assume that he has drowned since earlier he said that he could not swim. Andrzej and his wife quarrel about what to do, and Andrzej swims to shore to fetch the police. When the young man realizes that Andrzej has gone, he comes out from hiding behind a buoy on the lake and swims to the yacht. There he sees Krystyna naked, drying off. He boards the yacht, and Krystyna tells him he is as bad as Andrzej, but sexual attraction wins out and they have sex, off-screen.

Krystyna sails back to the dock, and the man jumps off and goes on his way before Andrzej appears and takes charge again. He wants to go to the police to report the young man missing. Krystyna tells him that the young man returned and she was unfaithful. Andrzej does not know what to believe, and at the road junction, where they would turn one way to return home and another to go to the police station, the car does not move.

Cast

 * Leon Niemczyk as Andrzej
 * Jolanta Umecka as Krystyna
 * Zygmunt Malanowicz as Young Man
 * Anna Ciepielewska as Krystyna
 * Roman Polanski as Young Man
 * Barbara Kwiatkowska-Lass as Young Woman

Analysis
Film professor Charles Derry notes that Knife in the Water is atypical from other thrillers due to the fact that it "represses the usual violence promised by the thriller, [and] it ends its narrative with violence's opposite: a scene of total stasis, in which no action is perfectly acceptable to the husband protagonist."

Development
The screenplay for the film, written by Polanski, Jakub Goldberg, and Jerzy Skolimowski, was initially rejected by the Polish Ministry of Culture due to its "lack of social commitment." Unable to obtain funding in his native Poland, Polanski reworked the screenplay to be set in France, though the production was ultimately unable to receive funding there as well. After making a number of minor edits to the screenplay—mainly snippets of dialogue demonstrating "social commitment" to "appease the Ministry [of Culture]"—Polanski again pitched the project to the national film board, who approved it for production.

Filming
Knife in the Water was shot by Polanski in 1961 using only three actors. Two of the actors (Jolanta Umecka, who plays Krystyna and Zygmunt Malanowicz, who plays the young man) had virtually no previous professional acting experience.

Being filmed on the water (in the Polish Masurian Lake District), and largely within the confines of a sailboat and life raft, the film was technically difficult. While the sailboat was large enough for the three actors, it was quite cramped for the film crew, who often had to hang over the side of the boat with safety harnesses in order to shoot.

Music
Krzysztof Komeda composed the film's music and the featured saxophonist was Bernt Rosengren.

Release
Knife in the Water was released theatrically in Poland on 9 March 1962. It premiered in the United States the following year, on 28 October 1963.

Critical reception
Knife in the Water was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 1963 Academy Awards, the first Polish motion picture to receive this kind of recognition. Time used a still from the film, with Umecka and Malanowicz on the verge of a kiss, as the cover of an issue featuring international cinema. It won the FIPRESCI Prize in 1962 Venice Film Festival. The film has been included in lists of the best debut feature films and was ranked number 61 in Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema" in 2010.

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 97% approval rating based on 34 reviews, with an average score of 8.3/10.

In 2014, Martin Scorsese selected Knife in the Water to be screened as part of the festival of Polish films in the United States and Canada entitled "Martin Scorsese Presents: Masterpieces of Polish Cinema".

In the 2015 poll conducted by Polish Museum of Cinematography in Łódź, Knife in the Water was ranked as the fourth greatest Polish film of all time.

Home media
Knife in the Water was released on VHS in 1996, and on DVD in 2003 by The Criterion Collection.

Related works
Knife in the Water was the basis for a low budget 2001 American film Kaaterskill Falls, set in the Catskill Mountains.

Polański himself had an offer to make an English-language, colour remake, with a Hollywood cast (including Henry Fonda), but he refused, saying he did not want to do a remake of a movie that was already good.

title: Knife in the Water


text: Category:Slovak authors

title: Category:Slovak authors


text: Category:Slovak scientists

title: Category:Slovak scientists


text:
Killer Klowns from Outer Space

Killer Klowns from Outer Space is a 1988 American science fiction comedy horror film written, directed and produced by the Chiodo Brothers and starring Grant Cramer, Suzanne Snyder, John Allen Nelson and John Vernon. It is the only film written and directed by the Chiodo Brothers, who also created the practical effects and makeup. It concerns evil extraterrestrials who resemble clowns arriving on Earth and invading a small town in order to capture, kill and harvest the human inhabitants to use as sustenance.

Killer Klowns from Outer Space was filmed in Watsonville, California and at the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk. The film utilizes practical effects, including rubber suits. The score was composed by John Massari. The film received generally positive reviews and has been considered a cult classic.

Sequels have been in development hell since the original film's release. Stephen Chiodo stated in 2016 that he hopes to produce three additional films, or possibly a television series. In 2018, NBCUniversal's Syfy announced that it was in talks to license the rights to make one or more sequels.

Plot
Just outside the town of Crescent Cove, Mike Tobacco and his girlfriend, Debbie Stone, are spending time at the local lovers' lane when they spot a strange glowing object falling to Earth. Nearby, farmer Gene Green, believing it to be Halley's Comet, ventures into the woods to find the impact site. He stumbles upon a large circus tent-like structure, whereupon he and his dog are captured by clown-like aliens known as "Klowns". Arriving to investigate for themselves, Mike and Debbie enter the structure and discover a complex interior with bizarre rooms, eventually realizing that it is the object and a spaceship. They find a gelatinized Green encased in a cocoon made out of a cotton candy-like substance and are spotted by a Klown, which shoots popcorn at them from a bazooka-like weapon and then chases them, aided by another Klown that uses a sentient balloon dog.

Narrowly escaping to the local police station, they report the incident to one of the officers and Debbie's ex-boyfriend, Dave Hansen, and his curmudgeonly partner, Curtis Mooney. Mike takes Dave to the site of the ship, only to find it missing with a large crater left in its place, prompting Dave to apprehend Mike for his supposed tall tale. The duo then travel to the lovers' lane, only to find it abandoned and one of the cars filled with the cocoon's substance, proving the Klowns' existence and Dave's innocence. The Klowns begin encasing townspeople in more of the cocoons using toy-like rayguns. Several of them perform pranks and mock circus acts, which result in the deaths of several onlookers.

Mike and Dave eventually witness a Klown using a form of shadow puppetry to shrink a crowd of people at a bus stop, then dump them into a bag full of popcorn, which are later revealed to be its species' larval form. Back at the police station, another Klown arrives and Mooney arrests it, believing it to be a teenage prankster. Dave soon returns to the station and encounters the Klown using a now-deceased Mooney as a ventriloquist's dummy. Dave then shoots the alien in its fragile nose, which causes it to spin around wildly and explode into confetti upon its shattering.

Mike meets with his friends, Rich and Paul Terenzi, and, using the public address system on their ice cream truck, they drive around town attempting to warn people of the Klowns. At Debbie's house, some of the Klowns' larvae from her and Mike's earlier encounter with them evolves into juvenile Klowns and attacks her. As she attempts to escape, she is intercepted by the other Klowns, who detain her in a giant balloon. Mike, the Terenzi brothers and Dave witness Debbie's capture and give chase, following the Klowns to the local amusement park, where they have relocated their ship. Journeying through a funhouse, the Terenzis become separated. After Dave and Mike enter the ship and witness a Klown using a drinking straw to drink the blood of one of their cocooned victims, they rescue Debbie and flee deeper into it.

The trio find themselves surrounded by a legion of Klowns, but the Terenzis arrive and attempt to distract the aliens. Their gargantuan leader, Jojo the Klownzilla, soon appears and destroys their ice cream truck, seemingly killing the Terenzis; Dave creates a distraction as Mike and Debbie escape before the ship begins to take off. Dave then uses his police badge to pierce Jojo's nose, vanquishing it and resulting in the ship being destroyed. The Klowns' car then drops out of the sky and Dave emerges along with the Terenzis, the latter of whom miraculously survived by hiding in the ice cream truck's freezer moments before it was destroyed.

As Dave and his friends watch the fireworks created by the ship's destruction, pies fall from the sky and land on their faces.

Production
The film's original title was simply Killer Klowns, but the "from Outer Space" was later added to keep audiences from assuming it was a slasher film. Filming took place in the city of Watsonville and at the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk. The film was Christopher Titus' first role in a motion picture. The popcorn gun used by one of the Klowns in the film, which included a compressor that would allow the weapon to actually propel popcorn, was the most expensive prop made for the production, costing seven thousand dollars to create and taking six weeks to build. The legs of the Klowns' sentient balloon animal dog were coated in latex by the film's special effects department in order to keep it from popping on the pine needles that covered the ground.

While the Chiodo Brothers were well-known as special effects artists, much of the special effects work was carried out by other artists, allowing the brothers to focus more on their production duties. However, the brothers did personally construct the miniature set for the "Klownzilla" sequence.

Most of the vehicles used in the film were rented and therefore were not allowed to be damaged. Two cars were accidentally damaged; one was driven off a bridge, although it was only intended to roll a short distance, and the Jeep filled with the cotton candy cocoons' substance needed three thousand dollars worth of repairs after solvent in the material damaged the interior.

The Chiodo Brothers wanted to cast comedian Soupy Sales as the local amusement park's security guard killed by the Klowns' acidic pies, as he was known for receiving pies in the face on his children's television show Lunch with Soupy Sales. However, the executive producers did not want to allocate funds to pay for Sales' plane ticket to the production, as they felt that audiences would not know who Sales was.

Jojo the Klownzilla, the Klowns' gargantuan leader who appears in the film's climax, was originally intended to be created using stop-motion animation, but was instead portrayed by Charles Chiodo in a rubber suit. In the film's original finale, Dave was killed in the destruction of the Klowns' ship, but this was changed after audiences in test screenings desired a more upbeat ending.

Four molds were made for the main Klowns. One was peanut shaped, another was triangular, another circular and the final shape was an inverted triangle. From those four molds the effects artists produced a pair of specific Klowns each. Klownzilla had its own mask molded specifically for its appearance.

Two of the masks that were used to create the Klowns in the film were allegedly re-purposed and used to portray the trolls of Ernest Scared Stupid. However, in a 2023 Zoom Q&A at the Little Theatre in Rochester, NY, Stephen Chiodo said that the only things potentially reused were some ear props, with the resemblance in masks being purely coincidental.

Soundtrack
The film's score was composed by John Massari. The title song "Killer Klowns" was written and performed by the American punk rock band the Dickies and was released on their album Killer Klowns from Outer Space in 1988. Frontman Leonard Phillips wrote the song without seeing the movie. A limited-edition complete soundtrack was released in 2006 through Percepto Records and features twenty-six tracks of the score, the title song "Killer Klowns", and four bonus tracks at a running time just over sixty-nine minutes. The score was later released by Waxwork Records on a vinyl LP.

Release
Killer Klowns from Outer Space was released in the United States on May 27, 1988. The film was released on VHS and LaserDisc by Media Home Entertainment in 1989, and then by MGM Home Entertainment in 2000 as part of their "Midnite Movies" line, and on DVD on August 28, 2001. MGM released the film on Blu-ray on September 11, 2012.

On May 25, 2013, the film received a 35 mm screening at the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema in Vintage Park in Houston, Texas, as well as a 35 mm screening at the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema in Yonkers, New York on June 20, 2014.

On April 9, 2018, Arrow Films released their special edition Blu-Ray of Killer Klowns From Outer Space. This release was newly restored, with interviews, documentary featurettes, Klown auditions, bloopers, deleted scenes, a double-sided poster that features the original theatrical poster, as well as art by Sara Deck, and more.

Critical reception
The film has been considered a cult classic. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an average score of 78%, based on 27 critic reviews. The site's consensus reads: "Killer Klowns from Outer Space's title promises darkly goofy fun – and more often than not, the movie delivers." Leonard Klady of The Los Angeles Times wrote that the film "demonstrates both above-average technical skill and large dollops of imagination". Film critic Leonard Maltin initially declared the film a BOMB ("Strictly tenth-rate."), but gave the movie a second look after a few years; this time, Maltin awarded the picture two-and-a-half out of a possible four stars. In his second review, Maltin wrote "Routinely plotted, but vividly designed, with cheeky humor ... plays its premise to the hilt, all 'circus' bases touched".

Charles Bramesco of The A.V. Club recommended the film, writing that "The film is patently absurd, but the filmmakers are fully committed to that absurdity. It's hard not to respect", and noted the film's "enduring appeal". Charles Webb of MTV.com called the performances "a little rough", and wrote "If Killer Klowns isn't especially scary, it's only kind of funny but still gets by on the execution of extremely inventive visuals based on the clown/circus motif". Dread Central gave the film three out of a possible five stars. JoBlo.com gave the film a rating of 8/10, stating that the film "is the king of '80s B-movies and it delivers the tacky goods by the truckloads". John Gugie of HorrorNews.net gave the film a score of 3/5, calling it "a hit or miss for horror and sci-fi fans".

Author Matthew Chojnacki recommended the film in his book Alternative Movie Posters: Film Art From the Underground. Jim Craddock, in his book VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever, gave the film two-and-a-half out of four bones, calling the film a "Visually striking, campy but slick horror flick that'll make you think twice about your next visit to the big top". Director Brian Herzlinger considers Killer Klowns from Outer Space to be "his favorite cult film".

Planned sequels
The Chiodo brothers planned to release a "requel" (a portmanteau of remake and sequel), titled Return of the Killer Klowns from Outer Space in 3D, in 2012. Stephen Chiodo was to direct the movie, and his brother Charles would be a production designer. Grant Cramer, who starred in the original film as Mike Tobacco, stated that his character would return. According to Cramer, Tobacco now would be a town drunk, whose ramblings about the Klowns are dismissed. When the Klowns come back, Tobacco, who has been preparing for their return, teams up with two young street performers to fight them. Cramer also said that there might be multiple sequels, each revolving around a character from the original movie.

It was reported later that the release date had been delayed, but, according to the Facebook page for the film, it was "officially in post-production." A page on a website for the original movie promised that the follow-up film (referred to as a sequel, rather than a "requel") would be released in 2013.

In 2016 interviews, Stephen Chiodo stated that efforts to make further Killer Klowns productions had shifted, from planning one or more theatrical releases, to focus on television. He explained the concept of "a trilogy in four parts, with the original film being the first," adding, "We've got it all written out." However, he also ambiguously referred to the same plans as "a long arch series for cable" and "a long-ranging series".

On October 22, 2018, it was announced that the Syfy channel was in talks to license the rights to make one or more sequels to Killer Klowns from Outer Space, as well as additional movies in the Critters franchise.

Legacy
In 2005, SOTA Toys announced they would produce Killer Klown figurines as part of their Now Playing film action figures line. One figure was produced in 2006. After SOTA stopped producing the toys, Amok Time took over until 2017, when the company announced that its license to produce Killer Klown figures had expired. Both Klown and Shorty figures have become high-end collectibles, and are much sought after by collectors.

John Massari, the composer of the synthesizer-filled score for the movie, rerecorded the music with a full orchestra at Warner Brothers Studios in 2016.

In 2018, Klowns, as well as the infamous ice cream truck from the film, were featured in a Killer Klowns from Outer Space-themed "scare zone" at Universal Orlando's 28th annual Halloween Horror Nights event. On July 25, 2019, it was announced that the Killer Klowns from Outer Space scare zone of the previous year would be expanded into a full-fledged haunted house attraction for the 2019 event at both the Orlando and Hollywood locations. Later in August, it was revealed that exclusive Killer Klowns from Outer Space merchandise would be sold during Halloween Horror Nights. The haunted house later returned for the 2022 edition of Halloween Horror Nights at Universal Studios Hollywood.

In 2021, Spirit Halloween dedicated a section of its seasonal stores to merchandise tied to the movie. In addition to costumes, statues, props, doormats, signage, and life-sized animatronic characters were featured.

In August 2022, it was revealed that an asymmetrical multiplayer game based on the film was being developed by Teravision Games and published by Good Shepherd Entertainment with a planned release in 2024 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X/S. It was announced in August 2023 that IllFonic was brought onto the project to relieve Good Shepherd from publishing duties as well as co-develop the game with Teravision. The game, officially titled Killer Klowns from Outer Space: The Game, was released on June 4, 2024.

title: Killer Klowns from Outer Space


text: User talk:129.125.145.96

title: User talk:129.125.145.96


text:
Geoffrey Wilkinson

Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson FRS (14 July 1921 – 26 September 1996) was a Nobel laureate English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry and homogeneous transition metal catalysis.

Education and early life
Wilkinson was born at Springside, Todmorden, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His father, Henry Wilkinson, was a master house painter and decorator; his mother, Ruth, worked in a local cotton mill. One of his uncles, an organist and choirmaster, had married into a family that owned a small chemical company making Epsom and Glauber's salts for the pharmaceutical industry; this is where he first developed an interest in chemistry.

He was educated at the local council primary school and, after winning a County Scholarship in 1932, went to Todmorden Grammar School. His physics teacher there, Luke Sutcliffe, had also taught Sir John Cockcroft, who received a Nobel Prize for "splitting the atom". In 1939 he obtained a Royal Scholarship for study at Imperial College London, from where he graduated in 1941, with his PhD awarded in 1946 entitled "Some physico-chemical observations of hydrolysis in the homogeneous vapour phase".

Career and research
In 1942 Professor Friedrich Paneth was recruiting young chemists for the nuclear energy project. Wilkinson joined and was sent out to Canada, where he stayed in Montreal and later Chalk River Laboratories until he could leave in 1946. For the next four years he worked with Professor Glenn T. Seaborg at University of California, Berkeley, mostly on nuclear taxonomy. He then became a research associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and began to return to his first interest as a student – transition metal complexes of ligands such as carbon monoxide and olefins.

He was at Harvard University from September 1951 until he returned to England in December 1955, with a sabbatical break of nine months in Copenhagen. At Harvard, he still did some nuclear work on excitation functions for protons in cobalt, but had already begun to work on olefin complexes.

In June 1955 he was appointed to the chair of Inorganic Chemistry at Imperial College London, and from then on worked almost entirely on the complexes of transition metals.

Wilkinson is well known for his popularisation of the use of Wilkinson's catalyst RhCl(PPh3)3 in catalytic hydrogenation, and for the discovery of the structure of ferrocene. Wilkinson's catalyst is used industrially in the hydrogenation of alkenes to alkanes.

He supervised PhD students and postdoctoral researchers including John A. Osborn, Alan Davison and Malcolm Green.

Awards and honours
Wilkinson received many awards, including the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1973 for his work on "organometallic compounds" (with Ernst Otto Fischer). He is also well known for writing, with his former doctoral student F. Albert Cotton, "Advanced Inorganic Chemistry", often referred to simply as "Cotton and Wilkinson", one of the standard inorganic chemistry textbooks.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1965. In 1980 he was awarded an honorary doctorate of science from the University of Bath. Imperial College London named a new hall of residence after him, which opened in October 2009. Wilkinson Hall is named in his honour.

Personal life
Wilkinson was married to Lise Schou, a Danish plant physiologist whom he had met at Berkeley. They had two daughters, Anne and Pernille.

title: Geoffrey Wilkinson


text:
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Fantasy Warlord

Fantasy Warlord is a fantasy miniatures game released in 1990 by Folio Works. It was written by Ian Bailey and Gary Chalk who also did the illustrations.

The game was designed and published by two ex-Games Workshop (GW) employees who disagreed with the much more commercial direction that company was taking. It was supposed to rival the Warhammer Fantasy Battle game that GW published.

Fantasy Warlord featured some unusual game mechanics such as simultaneous movement, an original command and control system (units are organised into brigades commanded by characters) and fog of war rules. It also featured balanced magic and troop choice systems. However the balance within the combat system reduced the opportunity to generate dramatic victories.

Much like Warhammer, the game had its own fantasy world, called Vortimax, in which the battles were imagined to take place. There was also a related range of Fantasy Warlord miniatures cast by Alternative Armies, and a magazine called Red Giant.

The game went out of print 18 months after first publication. Some supplements were expected, such as Armies of Vortimax (expected in 1992) Besieged or Fantasy Warlord Command Pack, but none were released. Only two issues of Red Giant magazine were released. Folio Works Ltd. was dissolved on 11 February  1993.

Publication history
Gary Chalk and Ian Bailey created Fantasy Warlord (1990) to compete with Games Workshop's Warhammer Fantasy Battle.

Content
Fantasy Warlord is a single softback book of 192-pages mostly printed in black and white with a Gary Chalk front cover. The book is divided in two parts: the first one covers the game's rules and the second part describes the fantasy world of Vortimax, where the battles take place. 16 pull-out soft cards are attached at the back of the book, one for each racial type plus templates and orders counters.

The book contains many illustrations from Gary Chalk and photographs that illustrate troop's formations, movements, etc.

Determining the abilities of troop is easy: you choose their morale class (A = veterans, B = trained or C = militia) weapons and armour from 11 different races (Human, Elves, Dwarfs, Orcs...). Monsters (flying or not), pack animals and daemons were also available. More races were expected in the supplement Armies of Vortimax.

Generation of heroes or wizards is more time-consuming. There are six types of characters: Warrior Heroes, Priests, Warrior Priests, Magic-users, Thieves and Discipline Masters. Skills and attributes are determined by their level of experience: they could be Minor, Major or Master.

Nearly sixty magic artifacts or weapons and more than 100 spells are available to equip characters.

Each turn is divided into 11 phases. Unlike Warhammer Fantasy Battle, movements are made simultaneously, the players using counters to issue orders. Units are organised into brigades which are commanded by characters. As the game progresses, characters gradually lose control of their brigades, as they would do in real battlefield.

The combat system does not rely solely on random results and copious dice rolling, but rather emphasises strategy and tactics, balanced races, and unit control in order to determine the outcome of a battle.

The book was sold $29.99 in the United States and £13,95 in Great Britain.

Book One: The Rules
The first part of the rulebook is divided into 12 chapters:

 * Introduction
 * Creating an army
 * Army organisation
 * Into battle
 * Orders
 * Movement
 * Battlefield terrain
 * Missile fire
 * Combat
 * Morale
 * Magic
 * Tactical hints & terrain generation

Book Two: The World of Vortimax
The second part of the rulebook offers a background for Fantasy Warlord and contains descriptions of geography, history and realms of Vortimax and races that could be played.

Supplements
At least 3 supplements were anticipated, but none of them were printed.

 * Armies of Vortimax, expected in 1992 and already announced in The Games Quarterly Catalog 1991 Christmas Edition
 * Besieged, adding rules for war machines and siege
 * Fantasy Warlord Command Pack

High Command
A science-fiction skirmish game probably based on Fantasy Warlord's system, High Command, was expected in 1992 but never released. A small miniatures range was available alongside that of Fantasy Warlord. Those science-fiction figures are currently available from SHQ miniatures (Space Ratten, Saurian Militia and Human Earth Guard)

Critical Reaction
Fantasy Warlord was not well received by critics, citing problems ranging from the racial-types not affecting melee, movement being overly complicated, and the cover artwork being "garish".

According to Gary Chalk in a recent interview, producing Fantasy Warlord cost him a lot of money and stress. Ian Bailey and he misjudged the market dominated by Games Workshop's products and gamers did not well receive a game that used pseudo-military tactics to determine the outcome of fantasy battles.

In addition to this, the launch coincided with the release of Grenadier's Fantasy Warriors wargame.

Reviews

 * Casus Belli #64

Red Giant magazine
Red Giant was a fantasy magazine published by Folio Works Ltd. which covered historical or fantasy wargamers, role-players, computer games, play by mail, or live role-playing. Unlike White Dwarf (WD) published by its competitor Games Workshop, Red Giant was not intend to support exclusively Fantasy Warlord or High Command games, but was a response to what Games Workshop and other editors did to the business, according to the company.

Just like White Dwarf did in early ages of its existence, Red Giant made room for many games, such as AD&D, Runequest, Call of Cthulhu, Warhammer Fantasy Role-play and many others.

Actually, Red Giant was a sarcastic title, the exact opposite of White Dwarf, run by Games Workshop. In his first editorial, Tom Sage described WD as "[one of the] magazines exclusive to their product range."

The magazine went out of print after only two issues.

Red Giant volume 1 number 1
In this issue...

 * 1) Words of Wisdom - Editorial by Tom Sage
 * 2) Brymstone - A role-playing city-setting imagined by Robert Dale with David Grice, plus stats for AD&D and Runequest
 * 3) Mummerset Revisited - Background for Call of Cthulhu by Marcus L. Rowland
 * 4) Dreams & Role-playing - John Treadaway proposes new dimensions for role-playing adventure
 * 5) A Game of Chess - Fantasy Fiction by D.C. Pedgrift
 * 6) Escape to Arnesdon - A table-top or role-playing campaign by Gary Chalk
 * 7) The Silver Moon - A tavern tussle for AD&D and Warhammer Fantasy Role-play by Harold Cheese with photographs from Gary Chalk's collection
 * 8) Clash of Champions - Heroic single combat for Fantasy Warlord and other table-top rules by Ian Bailey
 * 9) Sunstroke - SF skirmish scenario with stats for Warhammer 40,000 and Laserburn by Rowena Dell

Red Giant volume 1 number 2
In this issue...

 * 1) The Brymstone Campaign - Robert Dale presents a series of episodes set in and around the town of Brymstone with stats for AD&D and Runequest
 * 2) Not much Drinkin' Goin' On - Taprhum Korrespondent explains the attraction of bar room brawls
 * 3) Boo! Hurrah! Scribble, Whinge. - Tom Sage reviews your letters
 * 4) Dogs of War - Background for mercenaries in fantasy role-playing and table-top games by D.C. Pedgrift
 * 5) Treachery - A Fantasy Warlord Mercenary scenario by Ian Bailey
 * 6) Celtic Conversions - Practical tips on simple figure conversions by Mark Allen
 * 7) The Library of Altinum - An adventure for AD&D by Jon Chandler
 * 8) The Rock Shark Caper - Introducing Serb Cravatte, Cosmit-i in a solve-it-yourself investigation by D.C. Pedgrift
 * 9) Money, Money, Money - Jim Webster's template scenario offers characters quick cash but at a price
 * 10) In Depth Review - Gary Elison reviews Fantasy Warlord

Miniatures Range
Folio Works launched a full range of 28 mm metal miniatures simultaneously with the publication of the rulebook, produced under license exclusively by Alternative Armies. Some of them have been sculpted by Bob Olley (it is confirmed that FW 8 Dwarfs, FW 5 Urucks and FW 9 Ogres have been designed by him).

Miniatures were sold in two kind of packages: a traditional blister carding and a less common shrink-wrap packing which offer a better view and protection of the miniatures during shipping. They were distributed in the United States and the United Kingdom.

The range uses two different codification: one for the characters (heroes and wizards) and troops in "classic" blister packs which consists of five digit and a second kind of code for the troops, shields and weapons prefixed with FW letters and followed by two digit, the first one designing the range (for instance: 8 for dwarfs).

Characters were sold individually with a weapon and a shield when appropriate. Troops were sold by two to five miniatures per blister, shields and weapons were cast separately to let the player chooses his troop's weapons easily. Single miniature blisters were sold £0.80 (£1.50 for bigger miniatures such as Ogre Hero), Multipacks £2.95 and Weapon packs £1.50.

Folio Works also sold different sort of pre-cut bases and multi-bases as announced in the rulebook page 8, but there is no evidence those bases have ever been released.

When Folio Works went out of business around 1992, the rights to the miniatures were acquired by Mayhem Miniatures, and later by Kennington Miniatures and then later by "SHQ" and some of the miniatures are still available to purchase online (mainly Ogres and Urucks, also scenery packs).

Alternative Armies still has the original moulds and some of the miniatures, if not all from the classic blisters range, can be cast on demand.

On 20 July 2017, Alternative Armies officially announced the availability on their website of classic blisters range.

Multipack Troops

 * 10000 Merchant Kingdoms Soldiers (5)
 * 10300 Soldiers of Carylls (5)
 * 10400 Scarlet Empire Soldiers (5)
 * 11000 High Elves (5)
 * 11500 Wood Elves (5)
 * 12000 Dwarf Warriors (5)
 * 13000 Western Goblins (5)
 * 14000 Western Orc Uruks (5)
 * 14600 Eastern Orcs (5)
 * 16100 Ogres (2)

Characters

 * 20000 Hero of the Merchant Kingdoms
 * 20400 Hero of the Scarlet Empire
 * 20300 Hero of the Carylls
 * 20910 Western Wizard
 * 20911 Eastern Wizard
 * 20940 Western Warrior Priest
 * 22000 Dwarf Hero
 * 22910 Dwarf Wizard
 * 23000 Western Goblin Hero
 * 23910 Western Goblin Wizard
 * 24000 Western Orc Hero
 * 24910 Western Orc Wizard
 * 24901 Eastern Orc Hero
 * 24950 Western Orc Discipline Master
 * 21000 Elven Hero
 * 26000 Ogre Hero (sold with at least 3 different sort of weapons)

Weapons Pack

 * 30001 Western Weapons
 * 30002 Eastern Weapons
 * 30003 Dwarf Weapons
 * 30004 Goblin + Orc Weapons
 * 30005 Elven Weapons
 * 40001 Good Orientated Shields
 * 40002 Evil Orientated Shields

Skinpacking blisters range

 * FW 1/1 Western Men-at-Arms BS (mixed bows and axe with shield) (3)
 * FW 1/2 Northern Barbarians (3)
 * FW 1/3 Men-at-Arms (?) (there is no evidence this blister has ever been released)
 * FW 2/1 Wood Elves (3)
 * FW 3/1 High Elves (3)
 * FW 3/2 High Elves (?) (there is no evidence this blister has ever been released)
 * FW 4/1 Eastern Orcs BS (with bows) (3)
 * FW 4/2 Eastern Orcs (3)
 * FW 5/1 Western Orcs BS (with bows) (3)
 * FW 5/2 Uruck Command (2)
 * FW 5/3 Uruck Warriors 1 (2)
 * FW 5/4 Uruck Warriors 2 (2)
 * FW 5/5 Uruck Warriors 3 (2)
 * FW 5/6 Uruck Warriors 4 (2)
 * FW 6/1 Eastern Goblin Bowmen (3)
 * FW 6/2 Armoured Pigriders (2)
 * FW 6/3 Unarmoured Pigriders (2)
 * FW 7/1 Western Goblins BS (with bows) (3)
 * FW 8/1 Dwarf Xbows (3)
 * FW 8/2 Dwarf Gunners (3)
 * FW 8/3 Dwarfs in Mail (3)
 * FW 8/4 Dwarfs in Mail & Plate (3)
 * FW 8/5 Dwarfs in Plate (3)
 * FW 9/1 Ogre Hero (1)
 * FW 9/2 Ogre Necromancer (1)
 * FW 9/3 Ogre Hunter (1)
 * FW 9/4 Ogre Warrior (1)
 * FW 20/1 Small Kite Shields (Dwarf shields) (15)
 * FW 20/2 Dwarf Weapons (12)
 * FW 20/3 Large Round Shields (9)
 * FW 20/4 Small Round Shields (15)

Fantasy Warlord Scenery Packs

Five resin scenery packs have been released and were cataloged in the Games Quarterly Catalog (with a typo: Barrels is spelled Varrels) and advertised and pictured in the first issue of Red Giant magazine. Some of them are also depicted in the rulebook, alongside hero figures. Each pack was sold for £2.95. This range may still be available online at who bought MBM who bought Kennington who bought some of Folio's ranges, recently these items which mayhem had added to their fantasy range have been purchased by scotia grendel and will be rereleased in early 2020 alongside the full mayhem fantasy range (also included will be the unreleased wall and fence sections as well)

 * 501 Stone Walls (5)
 * 502 Wooden Fences (5)
 * 503 Rune Stones (5)
 * 504 Barrels and Boxes (1)
 * 505 Shrine (1)

It seems that more items were available, such as wooden fence or wall stone corners, damaged walls, etc. and are still sold by Kennington.

Uncatalogued range
Alternative Armies also released between 1991 and 1992 according to the slotta's copyright an unknown number of uncatalogued Fantasy Warlord blisters. Unlike the 'official' range each blister pack contains 10 miniatures: 9 troops and one leader.

 * LOL 001 ?
 * LOL 002 ?
 * LOL 003 ?
 * LOL 004 ?
 * LOL 005 Sharpes Longbows - Elves (10)
 * LOL 006 ?
 * LOL 007 Smollett's Southearts - Halflings (10)
 * LOL 008 Erlangen's Brigand Band - Humans (10)
 * LOL 009 ?
 * LOL 010 Anaria's Amazons (10)

It is unclear if this extra range was officially commercialised by Folio Works or cast and sold by Alternative Armies on its own initiative.

Erin and other miniatures range from Alternative Armies
Alternative Armies also sold Erin - The Game of Celtic Myth Miniatures, Shia Khan or Orcish Horde blisters mentioning that they were part of Folio Works and Fantasy Warlord's range of miniatures. It is unclear why they used Folio Works' trademark on the back of their blisters at that time.

title: Fantasy Warlord


text:
User talk:SarahSmiles

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

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ClockworkSoul 13:27, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Watching over me
Posted on User_talk:ClockworkSoul

I was scared to get this notice that someone was watching me, but I feel better now. THanks. SarahSmiles 13:38, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC) Sarah Smiles
 * Heh. Well, you have nothing to be scared of. Good luck, and happy editing! -- ClockworkSoul 15:52, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

SarahSmiles 02:21, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC) The last changes to these pages are cut and paste theft from http://frenchpropertydigest.com/july2001/leisure-4.html and how do I change them back? Some joker did it, and I feel violated. If it was good original work, fine. Whaaaa.
 * I know the feeling - it makes one feel... dirty. Good catch on the copyrighted material, though. The easiest way to revert a page is to do the following:
 * Goto the page you want to revert, and click the "history" tag.
 * Click on the date of the last "good" revision; that should bring you to that version of the page.
 * Click "edit this page". At the top of the page there should be this warning: "WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be removed."
 * Simply comment that you're reverting the page, and why, and click save.
 * Congratulate yourself on a job well-done. :)
 * Good luck, and thanks for catching that! -- ClockworkSoul 04:05, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Beautiful
I visited your website: some of the images you captured were simply stunning (especially your private garden statue. Thank you for sharing them. – ClockworkSoul 22:06, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Saints Wikiproject
I noted that you have been contributing to articles about saints. I invite you to join the WikiProject Saints. You can sign up on the page and add the following userbox to your user page.

Thanks! --evrik 16:32, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

Possible renaming of WikiProject Saints
It has been suggested that the above named project be renamed WikiProject Christian saints. Please express your opinion on this proposed renaming, and the accompanying re-definition of the scope of the project, here. John Carter 17:24, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Christianity
Hello !

You are receiving this invitation because you are a member of one of the related Christianity Projects and I thought that you might be interested in this project also - Tinucherian (talk) 04:57, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

Ichthus: January 2012
 In this issue...

- Ichthus is the newsletter of Christianity on Wikipedia • It is published by WikiProject Christianity For submissions contact the Newsroom • To unsubscribe add yourself to the list here
 * From the Editor
 * What are You doing For Lent?
 * Fun and Exciting Contest Launched
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title: User talk:SarahSmiles


text:
Kristiansand Region

Kristiansand Region (Kristiansandregionen) is a statistical metropolitan region in Agder county in southern Norway. It is centered on the city of Kristiansand. The region consist of six municipalities in the centre of Southern Norway. Vennesla, Iveland, and Birkenes are inland municipalities while Kristiansand, Lindesnes, and Lillesand are coastal municipalities. Kristiansand is the largest municipality in population in the region.

Municipalities
The following municipalities are part of this region:

Geography
The Kristiansand region lies along the southern coast of Norway, centered around the city of Kristiansand. The region borders the Lister Region to the west, the region of Setesdal to the northwest (with Evje as the administrative centre), and Østre Agder to the northeast (with Arendal as the administrative centre).

Urban areas
The city of Kristiansand is the main urban area for the Kristiansand region. The borough Kvadraturen is the city downtown centrum and administrative centre for Kristiansand municipality. The borough has a population of 5,750 and is the least populated borough in Kristiansand. Vest-Agder County's government building is also located in Kristiansand.

Other larger urban areas in the region include the village of Vennesla which is the administrative centre of Vennesla municipality, and it has a population of nearly 13,000. Nodeland is the administrative centre for Songdalen municipality, and it has a population of about 3,500. Søgne municipality's administrative centre is Tangvall (also referred to as Søgne). Tangvall is located right next to the European route E39 highway. It has nearly 10,000 residents. Lillesand municipality's administrative centre is the town of Lillesand which has a population of about 7,500. Birkeland, the administrative centre of Birkenes municipality, has a population of almost 3,000.

Cities and towns
Cities and towns in Norway are designated with this special status by the government. City status in Norway has no special benefits anymore, but historically it did. Cities and towns in Norway are called byer. Other urban areas without that status are called tettsteder which roughly translates as village in English. Kristiansand and Lillesand are the only cities/towns in the region.

Villages and suburbs
Some of the larger villages and suburban areas in the region include Hægeland and Skarpengland in Vennesla; Finsland, Brennåsen, Volleberg, and Nodeland, Vedderheia, Høllen, Åros, and Langenes in Kristiansand; and Engesland, Herefoss, Oggevatn, and Vegusdal in Birkenes. Lillesand has the village areas of Kroksteinåsen, Borkedalen, and Møglestu.

Kristiansand municipality also has some large suburban areas in some part-boroughs of the boroughs, like in Vågsbygd has larger suburban areas like Voiebyen, Slettheitoppen in Slettheia, Åsane and the island Flekkerøy. Grim has one large suburban area: Hellemyr. Mosby and Strai is smaller suburbs farer away from the city. At Lund, Gimlekollen and Justvik is the larger suburban areas while Gimlevang, Sødal, Hamreheia and Kuholmen is smaller suburbs in the Lund borough. And in Oddernes is Hånes, Søm and Hamresanden, Brattvollshei at Tveit, Tømmerstø, Dvergsnes, Odderhei and Holte at Randesund.

Airports
The only publicly open airport in the region is Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik, it had about 1 million travelers in 2014.

Railroads
There are three open train stations in the region; Kristiansand Station, Vennesla Station, and Nodeland Station which all operate on the Sørlandsbanen railway. Nodeland Station gets trains from Stavanger Station to Kristiansand which at selective hours continues to Oslo Central Station. Vennesla Station gets train traffic from Oslo to Kristiansand which at selective hours continues to Stavanger.

Roads
The European route E18 highway is the main road for eastern Kristiansand and Lillesand, it is highway from Kristiansand, through Lillesand towards Arendal. It has four lanes to Grimstad and two lanes from Grimstad to Arendal. E18 continues through Aust-Agder and on to Oslo. The European route E39 highway is the main road for western Kristiansand, lower Songdalen, and Søgne. It is highway from downtown Kristiansand to Hellemyr, and from Brennåsen in Songdalen, to Tangvall in Søgne. E39 continues through Vest-Agder and on to Stavanger.

Norwegian National Road 9 is a national road from downtown Kristiansand through Vennesla municipality and the villages of Øvrebø and Hægeland. The road continues north to Evje and the Setesdalen valley. Norwegian National Road 41 is a national road from Timeneskrysset in Kristiansand through Tveit and on through the municipality Birkenes.

Norwegian County Road 461 is the main road from E39 to Nodeland and through Songdalen municipality. Norwegian County Road 405 is the main road from R9 to the town Vennesla. Norwegian County Road 454 is the main road from R9 to Øvrebø. Norwegian National Road 456 is the main road from E39 through Tangvall and Langenes in Søgne, it continues through the borough of Vågsbygd and ends with a highway tunnel from Vågsbygd to Hannevika where it meets E39 again. Norwegian County Road 402 goes from E18 in Lillesand to Birkeland.

Education
In the region, there are high schools in Kristiansand, Lillesand, Søgne, Vennesla, and Øvrebø. In Kristiansand, there is also a cathedral high school. The University of Agder is located in Kristiansand. There are also folk high schools such as the Agder Folkehøgskole in Søgne and NLA Mediehøgskolen Gimlekollen in Kristiansand.

title: Kristiansand Region


text:
Moji

Moji may refer to:

 * Onji or hyōon moji (表音文字), phonic characters used in counting beats in Japanese poetry
 * Moji-ku, Kitakyūshū, ward (district) of the city of Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
 * Moji Station in that ward, Kyushu Railway Company station on the Kagoshima and Sanyō Main Lines
 * ...Moji, 2005 debut album by Swiss singer Salome
 * Moji language, Loloish language spoken by the Phula people of Yunnan in southwestern China
 * Moji (TV network), a national television network in Indonesia

People with the name Moji include:
 * Moji Akinfenwa (fl. 1990s and 2000s), Nigerian politician from Osun State
 * Mosese Rauluni (born 1975), Fijian rugby union player nicknamed Moji

title: Moji


text:
User talk:MattDP

Duplicate articles
Thanks for adding some higher level dinosaur taxa, but you might want to do a quick search before you start a new article... you ended up creating some duplicates: (Tetanurae vs. the (badly-named) Tetanuran theropod and Ceratopsian/Ceratopia). Oh, and if you haven't you might want to take a look at WikiProject Tree of Life. :) 68.81.231.127 07:07, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ahh... fixed it so nothing links to Tetanuran theropod. That was driving me crazy. :) 68.81.231.127 22:38, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

WP:Cricket
Hi, I've seen that you've made quite a few edits to cricket-related articles recently. If you wish, you would be very welcome to join us at WikiProject Cricket. Thanks for the edits so far! Sam Vimes 15:41, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Just visited your user page. Good work on the fast bowling so far! Maybe you'd like to advertise it so others could pad out the sections that are missing? Sam Vimes 12:27, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking a look and for the kind words. I was planning on advertising my work on the WP:Cricket page once I'd done as much as I felt I could offer and then let others offer suggestions or make changes as they saw fit. I thought it might be better than asking for comments on a half-finished article which might result in suggestions I'd planned to implement myself anyway. I'd be happy to put it up now if you think it's a better idea!MattDP 14:30, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it's your page, so it's really your choice what to do with it. I can see your point about people mentioning things you wanted to say before, so you choose. :) Good work Sam Vimes 14:33, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Fast bowling article.
Could you move your draft from your user page to User:MattDP/fast bowling instead? =Nichalp «Talk»=  09:46, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * as requested MattDP 10:48 August 25, 2005

 * I have commented on User Talk:MattDP/fast bowling =Nichalp «Talk»=  10:04, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

Your fast bowling text is really good. I like it and I suggest you copy your work to the main page. I would prefer more references though. =Nichalp «Talk»=  13:28, August 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Just saw this edit to the main page on fast bowling. Great stuff! -dmmaus 13:18, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Glad you found it interesting! MattDP 14:47 August 26, 2005

Image licencing
Matt, the licenses you've added are not compatible. Public domain and GFDL cannot be used together. cc-by-sa-2.5 and GFDL can be used together, but PD is standalone. PS thanks for converting them to png. =Nichalp «Talk»=  14:59, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

Second War of Independence
You are not at all fussy! I have left a response to your point on the Scottish Wars of Independence talk page, but I just thought I would let you know that seperate treatment will be underway in the not too distant future. Rcpaterson 04:42, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

I'm pleased to report that the Second War of Scottish Independence is launched and floating!. It's a shade on the long side. To try to keep it manageable I had cut short my argument, and I think the final section is probably a little breathless; but it all holds together reasonably well. Regards, Rcpaterson 02:44, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to the Military history WikiProject!
Hi, and welcome to the Military history WikiProject! As you may have guessed, we're a group of editors working to improve Wikipedia's coverage of topics related to military history.

A few features that you might find helpful:

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There are a variety of interesting things to do within the project; you're free to participate however much—or little—you like:

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The Great Cause and Such.
I will do my best, but please have a go if you think you are ready. I have a number of oustanding commitments at present, including promised work on the Covenanters, the Parliamentary Union of 1707 and the Auld Alliance. You are absolutely right about the quality of many of the articles touching on Scottish subjects: to describe them as appalling would be to level too much praise. The trouble is-and this is particularly true of Scots, sad to say-that ignorance of a topic is no bar to authority. In my experience most Scots have only the haziest idea of their history, but are all too willing to trot out legends as fact and opinions as truth, in a way that you do not tend to find in England. I am fairly new to this project and have been spending quite a bit of time on writing, rewriting and generally improving-I hope-the quality of Scottish articles. There is one Anglo-Scottish subject I worked on recently -the Union of the Crowns-which might be of interest to you. I buried the previous piece because it was too dire for words! Rcpaterson 23:00, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Thank you for your good opinion; it is much appreciated. I see you've joined the military history group. Apart from the Bannockburn piece I've been working on a number of other battle reports, either original articles or complete rewrites. As you have an interest in the Wars of Independence please have a look at-assuming you have not already seen them-the Battle of Dupplin Moor and the Battle of Halidon Hill. In these battles one can see the first use of tactics later used to great effect at Crecy and Agincourt. Also you might want to look at one of my biography pieces Henry Beaumont. Beaumont was an Anglo-Scot, a highly experienced soldier, and did more than any other man to bring about the Second War of Scottish Independence. You could also have a look at the Battle of Verneuil, a fight between Scots and English on distant shores!. Best wishes Rcpaterson 22:38, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Considerably better than the list of names that appeared under this heading before; well done! I made one small amendment, cross-referencing Edward Balliol directly to the article on his life. I also have one very minor observation. The Competitors did more than tacitly acknowledge succession by primogeniture: at the parliament of 1284 Alexander III ensured that the right of his grandaughter to the throne was openly and formally acknowledged. I've always believed the Bruce argument to be disingenious. He had little interest in legal niceties; and if Edward had not intervened the matter would have been decided by force alone. Rcpaterson 22:37, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello MattDP! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 22:52, 18 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Gary Chalk (illustrator) -

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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User group for Military Historians
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April 2018 Milhist Backlog Drive
G'day all, please be advised that throughout April 2018 the Military history Wikiproject is running its annual backlog elimination drive. This will focus on several key areas:

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Miniatures game moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Miniatures game, does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page. I dream of horses If you reply here, please ping me by adding to your message (talk to me) (My edits) @  03:37, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive
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title: User talk:MattDP