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Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Squash

Squash
withdrawn at (18,10,3) originally to end 06:43 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I withdraw my nomination as I am leaving Wikipedia. [[User:Squash|Squash (Talk)]] 06:58, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Squash has made about 550 postings since writing this. Mr. Jones 04:29, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, I am still active. I left for a week then came back. Please ignore the leaving Wikipedia bit. Squash 07:28, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Hello My name is Stephen and I pronounce Wikipedia as Wik-kee-pee-dee-ah.

Edits: 4700+ Time: 6 Months Contributions: Contributions of User:Squash

I am User:Squash on Wikipedia since the 2nd of June 2004 (6 months) and I have around 4700+ edits. You may have met me or have not met me before on the Wikipedia channel on Freenode. My self-nomination for adminship may become of a surprise to some, as at one stage some of you may have even considered to nominate me. Anyway, the reasons that I wish to become an admistrator is because it will without doubt help with such administrative tasks.

Admin previleges will allow me to have:

 * The vandalism rollback feature.
 * Help move articles, especially those that require only admin previleges to move.
 * Delete some articles that are purely vandalism and add no value what so ever. E.g. An article with just profanity on it.
 * Protection of pages with conflicts

This is in addition to many other useful admin tools, that I think will be of use.

Now, many of you may not have seen me in edit histories that much. Why? you may ask. It is because each Wikipedia has an area of expertise and so do I. My major areas are Cambodia, Computing and cricket related articles in addition to those listed on my User page. Areas such as the Cambodia related articles were in desperate need of more articles and expansion and I have contributed my share to those articles, even though they not be the most famous articles.

Adminship will also help me become more well-known. It help me be even more trusted member of Wikipedia. It will give a Wikipedia another helping hand. So there is no harm into supporting me, as I have gained the qualifications need to become an admin.

I think I have taken the bold step into self-nominating myself after many nights thinking about the day I become admin. I have even once dreamt in my sleep of wondering what the sysop navigation bar on Wikipedia will look like... That is no joke. I think that I will contribute to Wikipedia and will be a valuable asset for it. If this strong Wikipedia community decides to support me as an admin then I will be only glad to be a truely proudly Wikipedian who can help Wikipedia in many other ways.

Thank you in advance for your time and support. [[User:Squash|Squash (Talk)]] 06:43, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Sure. If you're dreaming about it, you must want it badly enough to do something useful with it. Everyking 07:02, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Certainly. Andre ( talk )A| 07:09, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) You know, you can download the mediawiki software if you're so interested in what the admin interface looks like that you dream about it ... ;) Shane King 07:25, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Without a doubt! -- Grunt 🇪🇺 15:48, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)
 * 5) Doh, an enthusiast! --M7it 20:54, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Cribcage 21:57, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Very impressive user. [[User:Norm|Norman Rogers\talk]] 00:13, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) Support. The admin interface is not very special, btw -_-. Sorry if I ruined your dreams... ^_^ ugen64 01:26, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) Great user. --Lst27 ( t a l k )  01:30, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Sure, why not? He must be a good user;  he uses edit summaries. Isomorphic 21:17, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) I thought you were a French woman... ;-) func (talk)  03:43, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) May be some would believe that Squash is a bit immature, but still, Stephen deserves adminship. utcursch 07:15, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) Support. People claim that he acts immature. I disagree. Wikipedia needs some lighthearted admins, and Squash would be an excellent admin. Masterhomer 09:18, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 14) J OHN C OLLISON [ Ludraman] 10:25, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 15) Suppport, Squash is qualified for Adminship--[[User:Plato|Comrade Nick @  )---^-- ]] 13:16, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 16) I was initially unsure about this one due to the comments below. However, the fact of the matter is that there is nothing in Squash's contributions (that I could see) indicating that he would be a bad admin. No revert warring, no POV pushing, no insults or flaming. He seems nothing but dedicated to Wikipedia, and it would be a disservice to taint that with guesses at his character. If he acts immature on IRC, so be it. I don't act the same in casual chat as I do on Wikipedia, and it would be hypocritical of me to expect otherwise from this nominee. CXI 13:36, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 17) I would previously have automatically supported you, Squash, until I read the controversey about your candidacy. I do not want to play a part in promoting a user who will turn out to be another dud sysop. So I'll remain neutral on this, unless you persuade me otherwise (on IRC or my user talk page). For what it's worth, what I have seen of you in the IRC channel suggests to me you are a good person (plus you're an Aussie), but I recognise that IRC is separate to Wikipedia and I should not base my choice on what transpires outside of the realm of this site. Support - Mark 13:10, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC) (vote changed 01:37, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC))
 * 18) Squash has been a nice person and very helpful for a newbie like me. I have never seen anything immature of him here at Wikipedia. --Dara 20:49, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Oppose
 * 1) Not a strong opposition, but suggest that user lacks the maturity we traditionally expect of admin candidates.  A. D. Hair 06:27, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Strongly agree with Mr. Hair after having witnessed a few of squash's tantrums in real-time in the past.  Reene✎ 06:56, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) From what I've seen, would not be a very good admin.  Seems to be a bit too immature in my experience - seemingly "random" actions make me not trust him.  Definitely should wait a couple months, until someone nominates him.  Big edit count is tempered by the fact that many edits are minor and/or repetitive, like image tagging or changing "External link" to "External links". -- Netoholic @ 09:01, 2004 Dec 11 (UTC)
 * 4) I've had to think hard about this, and would likely have had to think harder were this not a self-nomination, but as it is, I will have to oppose. While it may be true that IRC and Wikipedia are separate places, and a different manner is used in each, I don't think one can explicitly state that they are not at all related. The banner of NPOV does a great deal in changing the way in which a user acts, but we've all seen that fall away under the right (wrong) conditions, and I'm concerned that this could occur here. - Vague | Rant 09:06, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Seeing squash execute what I consider an act of vandalism to Jimbo's page is enough for me to vote no. Aaronbrick 09:17, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Negativo. AlexanderWinston 09:25, 2004 Dec 11 (UTC)
 * 7) Apparently, not much contributions except for cleanups in photo copyright tags... I'd like to judge on content if the candidate, for instance, is likely to push some particular POV. Plus, weird behavior on IRC gives me additional doubts. Premature, probably. David.Monniaux 11:39, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) While I like Squash as a person and have talked with him much on IRC in the past I have to oppose.  The maturity issues raised are valid ones.  His approach to consensus building is a bit shaky, as I've seen through various VfDs and other discussions.   That being said, Squash has very good intentions but sometimes they just aren't realized in a manner consistent with policy and precedence.  I would definitely support at a later date if Squash shows good judgment in the near future.  CryptoDerk 17:52, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) I agree with Reene and Vague Rant. Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 02:10, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) No. Squash needs to grow up - a lot - before I'd support. Ambi 05:16, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Neutral Comments
 * 1) I was going to support, but having read the stuff in the object section, I'm not too sure any more. You seem slightly immature, but you've also done good work. Johnleemk | Talk 12:15, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) I am unsure whether squash would make a good admin. I'm concerned that he seems to be fixated upon gaining adminship, which I think is a bit of a negative thing. I've seen mostly good behavior from him, though, so I can't really decide. --Slowking Man 23:15, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Neutral here, would like to see more significant contributions first. Pedant 21:04, 2004 Dec 12 (UTC)
 * As Mr. Hair above has said, I believe this candidate lacks the level of maturity that should not only be expected but demanded of admins. A few users (not myself, but others that I shall not name out of respect) have explicitely expressed feelings that this person is also a troll of some kind that may be deliberately deceptive about who he is. Reene✎ 06:56, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * You are entitled to your opinion of the candidate, but please DO NOT bring up hearsay from outside of Wikipedia as justification for your comments. You may not approve of the candidate's RfA, but to imply that he is a troll without any evidence is flat out wrong. If you're going to make subtle suggestions about one's character that may have come from others, start naming names then and don't play the "me and others think (this or that) so that's my justification for my comments" game. Bumm13 07:03, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Please note that I didn't call him a troll nor did I even say that I agreed with that assessment. I even explicitely stated it was not a view I shared but one that was validly expressed by others. This eagerness for jumping on (and dare I say attacking) opposition (rather than gracefully acknowledging/accepting the criticism and, if applicable, politely correcting misconceptions or explaining any specific concerns brought to light) and twisting the statements of others are exactly what I do not like seeing in potential admins. By the way, I've been here since August, though I must add that the length of time one is on Wikipedia and indeed the number of edits one has are completely irrelevant to the question of one's maturity (indeed, falling back on such things as "proof" is a sign that one lacks this quality). The "IRC squash" and the "Wikipedia squash" are not mutually exclusive entities, unless you wish to say the actual human being behind the two are different. Is that what you mean to say? If not, then they are not exclusive, no matter what you wish to say. I use many things when I am deciding whether or not I think a person suitable for something, and yes, that includes IRC if they use it. You do not have to like it but you cannot tell me it isn't relevant and that I do not have the right to do so. Thanks for responding though. Reene✎ 08:47, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Message to the opposers: For those whose are in doubt of me. View message [[User:Squash|Squash (Talk)]] 12:40, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * I think this makes it look mildly misleading. It should be mentioned that Reene's edit came after one of Squash's, rather than immediately after bumm's. - Vague | Rant 13:02, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * I've withdrawn my support. To be quite honest, I'm not very familiar with the candidate save for IRC and the fact that I've seen his name a good deal.  He seemed to meet my personal standards for adminship.  However, the opposition concerns me, especially as it is coming from users I greatly respect.  That said, I don't know enough about all this to oppose, or even be neutral, so I'll just refrain from casting a vote.  BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 06:18, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * As those listed in my message above. Admin gives a person more previleges in the administrative way and for that purpose I will use my powers, if I am an admin.

 * I think that with adminship I would be able to help with:

 * General requests by non-admin users to help with Wikipedia
 * RC (Recent Changes) patrol to check for vandalism
 * Deletion of any articles that are marked for deletion

 * In addition to the many many things that can be done.

 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * There are many contributions that I am particularly please at. It is very hard for me to say which is the absolutely best contribution (of the listed below). But you should visit the articles and see what they have become:

 * Cricket: List of cricketers
 * See Before and after minus any edits between - the green parts are the additions.
 * I added many more crickters to this article that once lacked many cricketers

 * Comparison series: Comparison of instant messengers Comparison of media players Comparison of operating systems Comparison of web browsers
 * I initally started all of the above articles with my idea and since then it gained popularity. Many editors have since edited the articles and contributed enormously to it. Of course this series has gained some controvesy but it was only for the one article. Comparison of instant messengers which was VFDed once but was saved, during the time of that VFD I worked hard on the article.

 * Cambodia-related: Sin Sisamouth Cambodia
 * These articles were articles that I are extremely proud of. Sin Sisamouth was started by me and around 90% of the content was put in by me. Cambodia was lacking information, charts etc. but that too has went under major expansion by me. See Before and after of the Cambodia article for more details.

 * In addition to Unclean animals and more recently Paper plane. This of course is in additional to the other edits that I made in Wikipedia.

 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * I have rarely gained any conflicts on articles that I have contributed to. As with any other Wikipedian they have had to go into disputes with other members of this awesome encyclopedia. I can be considered to be one of some who have peacefully edited and left a mark on Wikipedia without these conflicts. I understand when you mean by 'conflicts' it is not edit conflicts but conflicts... And yet even by that definitions I have rarely gained any conflicts. All conflicts were resvoled peacefully. See an talk page. (The current one is not revelant). Almost all - if not all were peacefully resolved, so all is good.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Squash


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Cervical fracture

A cervical fracture, commonly called a broken neck, is a fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck. Examples of common causes in humans are traffic collisions and diving into shallow water. Abnormal movement of neck bones or pieces of bone can cause a spinal cord injury, resulting in loss of sensation, paralysis, or usually death soon thereafter (~1 min.), primarily via compromising neurological supply to the respiratory muscles as well as innervation to the heart.

Causes
Considerable force is needed to cause a cervical fracture. Vehicle collisions and falls are common causes. A severe, sudden twist to the neck or a severe blow to the head or neck area can cause a cervical fracture.

Although high energy trauma is often associated with cervical fractures in the younger population, low energy trauma is more common in the geriatric population. In a study from Norway the most common cause was falls and the relative incidence of CS-fx increased significantly with age.

Sports that involve violent physical contact carry a risk of cervical fracture, including American football, association football (especially the goalkeeper), ice hockey, rugby, and wrestling. Spearing an opponent in football or rugby, for instance, can cause a broken neck. Cervical fractures may also be seen in some non-contact sports, such as gymnastics, skiing, diving, surfing, powerlifting, equestrianism, mountain biking, and motor racing.

Certain penetrating neck injuries can also cause cervical fracture which can also cause internal bleeding among other complications.

Execution by hanging is intended to cause a fatal cervical fracture. The knot in the noose is placed to the left of the condemned, so that at the end of the drop, the head is jolted sharply upwards and to the right. The force breaks the neck, causing an immediate loss of consciousness and death within a few minutes.

Physical examination
A medical history and physical examination can be sufficient in clearing the cervical spine. Notable clinical prediction rules to determine which patients need medical imaging are Canadian C-spine rule and the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS).

Choice of medical imaging

 * In children, a CT scan of the neck is indicated in more severe cases such as neurologic deficits, whereas X-ray is preferable in milder cases, by both US and UK guidelines. Swedish guidelines recommend CT rather than X-ray in all children over the age of 5.
 * In adults, UK guidelines are largely similar as in children. US guidelines, on the other hand, recommend CT in all cases where medical imaging is indicated, and that X-ray is only acceptable where CT is not readily available.

Radiographic detection
On CT scan or X-ray, a cervical fracture may be directly visualized. In addition, indirect signs of injury by the vertebral column are incongruities of the vertebral lines, and/or increased thickness of the prevertebral space:

Classification
There are proper names for several types of cervical fractures, including:
 * Fracture of C1, including Jefferson fracture
 * Fracture of C2, including Hangman's fracture
 * Flexion teardrop fracture – a fracture of the anteroinferior aspect of a cervical vertebra

The AO Foundation has developed a descriptive system for cervical fractures, the AOSpine subaxial cervical spine fracture classification system.

Surgery indication
The indication to surgically stabilize a cervical fracture can be estimated from the Subaxial Injury Classification (SLIC). In this system, a score of 3 or less indicates that conservative management is appropriate, a score of 5 or more indicates that surgery is needed, and a score of 4 is equivocal. The score is the sum from 3 different categories: morphology, discs and ligaments, and neurology:

Treatment
Complete immobilization of the head and neck should be done as early as possible and before moving the patient. Immobilization should remain in place until movement of the head and neck is proven safe. In the presence of severe head trauma, cervical fracture must be presumed until ruled out. Immobilization is imperative to minimize or prevent further spinal cord injury. The only exceptions are when there is imminent danger from an external cause, such as becoming trapped in a burning building.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Aspirin or Ibuprofen, are contraindicated because they interfere with bone healing. Paracetamol is a better option. Patients with cervical fractures will likely be prescribed medication for pain control.

In the long term, physical therapy will be given to build strength in the muscles of the neck to increase stability and better protect the cervical spine.

Collars, traction and surgery can be used to immobilize and stabilize the neck after a cervical fracture.

Cervical collar
Minor fractures can be immobilized with a cervical collar without need for traction or surgery. A soft collar is fairly flexible and is the least limiting but can carry a high risk of further neck damage in patients with osteoporosis. It can be used for minor injuries or after healing has allowed the neck to become more stable.

A range of manufactured rigid collars are also used, usually comprising a firm plastic bi-valved shell secured with Velcro straps and removable padded liners. The most frequently prescribed are the Aspen, Malibu, Miami J, and Philadelphia collars. All these can be used with additional chest and head extension pieces to increase stability.

Rigid braces
Rigid braces that support the head and chest are also prescribed. Examples include the Sterno-Occipital Mandibular Immobilization Device (SOMI), Lerman Minerva and Yale types. Special patients, such as very young children or non-cooperative adults, are sometimes still immobilized in medical plaster of paris casts, such as the Minerva cast.

Traction
Traction can be applied by free weights on a pulley or a halo type brace. The halo brace is the most rigid cervical brace, used when limiting motion to the minimum that is essential, especially with unstable cervical fractures. It can provide stability and support during the time (typically 8–12 weeks) needed for the cervical bones to heal.

Surgery
Surgery may be needed to stabilize the neck and relieve pressure on the spinal cord. A variety of surgeries are available depending on the injury. Surgery to remove a damaged intervertebral disc may be done to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. The discs are cushions between the vertebrae. After the disc is removed, the vertebrae may be fused together to provide stability. Metal plates, screws, or wires may be needed to hold vertebrae or pieces in place.

History
Arab physician and surgeon Ibn al-Quff (d. 1286 CE) described a treatment of cervical fractures through the oral route in his book Kitab al-ʿUmda fı Ṣinaʿa al-Jiraḥa (Book of Basics in the Art of Surgery).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cervical fracture


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User:Rekkr

University of Delaware student studying biology and the cognitive sciences.

title: User:Rekkr


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Peter Tarnoff

Peter Tarnoff (April 19, 1937 – November 1, 2023) was an American politician who served as the under secretary of state for political affairs during the first term of President Bill Clinton, from 1993 to 1997. In May 1997, United States secretary of state Madeleine Albright presented him with the Department of State's highest award, the Distinguished Service Award for extraordinary service in advancing American interests through creative and effective diplomacy.

Tarnoff was President of the Council on Foreign Relations from 1986 until 1993. Before taking up that position, he served as executive director of the World Affairs Council of Northern California and President of the International Advisory Corporation. While on sabbatical from the Department of State in 1982–1983, Tarnoff was a lecturer at Stanford University and Georgetown University.

During his career as a Foreign Service officer, Tarnoff served as executive secretary of the Department of State and special assistant to secretaries of state Edmund Muskie and Cyrus Vance (1977–1981); director, Office of Research and Analysis for Western Europe (1975–76); special assistant to Ambassador-at-Large Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1967); and Nigerian analyst in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (1966–67). His Foreign Service assignments abroad included deputy chief of mission at the American embassy in Luxembourg (1973–75); one year's study (1970) at the National School of Administration in Paris, followed by an assignment as principal officer at the American consulate general in Lyon, France (1971–73); special assistant to the U.S. ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany (1969); special assistant to the chief of the American delegation to the Paris talks on Vietnam (1968); special assistant to the deputy U.S. ambassador (1964–65) and the U.S. ambassador (1965–66), Saigon, Vietnam; and political officer at the U.S. embassy in Lagos, Nigeria (1962–64).

Tarnoff received a BA in philosophy from Colgate University in 1958 and pursued postgraduate studies at the University of Chicago and the University of Paris. He lived in San Francisco, California with his wife, Mathea Falco, and had three sons: Nicholas, Alexander, and Benjamin. Tarnoff died from Parkinson’s disease in San Francisco on November 1, 2023, at the age of 86.

title: Peter Tarnoff


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Talk:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971

Israel
this article fails to mention significant Israeli arms sales to India. 2A00:23C7:5882:8201:24FF:16B0:A09A:99C0 (talk) 13:36, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

 * They didn't sell to India they sold to Pakistan 2A00:23EE:2878:41C2:FFD9:5369:B979:3A85 (talk) 08:24, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 December 2023
In the "Background" section, 5th paragraph, in the last statement please re-wikilink/pipe the "generic" term "Bihari" to more context-specific wiki articles - i.e. either to the Bihari (piped to "Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh") or the Bihari (piped to "Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh"). Thank you. 119.74.238.54 (talk) 12:37, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Current wikilinking seems accurate.Accesscrawl (talk) 02:44, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

Not only Indo-Pakistan war
It was a major cold war between Soviet union and United States. Soviet union stopped the submarines in Indian Ocean if they have entered God knows what worse the outcome would be for india. Similarly Pakistan was not alone too it was supported by usa as it was a strategic ally of usa at that time and it usa ordered Iran too to supply Pakistan arms. In the field do write who is supported by who as this was not a war only between india and pakistan but was one of the major proxy war as a part of cold war. Our friend Israel also helped a lot by supplying both arms and intelligemce. Please mention it in the supported by column 👍 Indianigga (talk) 15:23, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

1971 officers coup
I would like that someone could add the 1971 officers coup in pakistan to the article in impact or aftermath for information and context of the fall of Yahya Khan GamerHashaam (talk) 01:44, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indo-Pakistani war of 1971


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The Mouse That Roared

The Mouse That Roared is a 1955 satirical novel by Irish writer Leonard Wibberley, which launched a series of satirical books about an imaginary country in Europe called the Duchy of Grand Fenwick. Wibberley used the premise to make commentaries about modern politics and world situations, including the nuclear arms race, nuclear weapons in general, and the politics of the United States.

The novel originally appeared as a six-part serial in The Saturday Evening Post from 25 December 1954 through 29 January 1955, under the title The Day New York Was Invaded. It was published as a book in February 1955 by Little, Brown. The British edition used the author's original intended title, The Wrath of Grapes, a play on John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath.

Wibberley wrote one prequel (1958's Beware of the Mouse) and three sequels: The Mouse on the Moon (1962), The Mouse on Wall Street (1969), and The Mouse That Saved the West (1981). Each placed the tiny Duchy of Grand Fenwick in a series of absurd situations in which it faced superpowers and won.

Plot
The tiny (three miles by five miles) European Duchy of Grand Fenwick, supposedly located in the Alps between Switzerland and France, proudly retains a pre-industrial economy, dependent almost entirely on making Pinot Grand Fenwick wine. However, a California winery makes a knockoff version, "Pinot Grand Enwick", putting the country on the verge of bankruptcy.

The prime minister decides that their only course of action is to declare war on the United States. Expecting a quick and total defeat (since their standing army is tiny and equipped with bows and arrows), the country confidently expects to rebuild itself through the largesse that the United States bestows on all its vanquished enemies (as it did for Germany through the Marshall Plan at the end of World War II).

With the counterfeit wine as a casus belli, they send a formal written declaration of war, but this is misplaced by the United States Department of State. Receiving no response, the Duchy is forced to muster some troops and hire a ship to stage an actual invasion.

Landing in New York City, almost completely deserted above ground because of a citywide disaster drill, the Duchy's invading "army" (composed of the Field Marshal Tully Bascomb, three men-at-arms, and 20 longbowmen) wanders to a top secret government lab and unintentionally captures the "Quadium Bomb" (a prototype doomsday device that could destroy the world if triggered) and its maker, Dr. Kokintz, an absent-minded professor who is working through the drill. This "Q-Bomb" has a theoretical explosive potential greater than all the nuclear weapons of the United States and the Soviet Union combined.

The invaders from Fenwick are sighted by a civil defence squad and are immediately taken to be "men from Mars" when their chain mail is mistaken for reptilian skin. The United States Secretary of Defense pieces together what has happened (with help from the five lines in his encyclopedia on The Duchy of Grand Fenwick and the Fenwickian flag left behind on a flagpole) and is both ashamed and astonished that the United States was unaware that it had been at war for two months.

With the most powerful bomb in the world now in the smallest country in the world, other countries are quick to react, with the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom offering their support. With the world at the tiny country's mercy, Duchess Gloriana, the leader of Grand Fenwick, lists her terms: all the nuclear weapons of the powerful nations must go through an inspection by impartial scientists. Continued inspection of the continuing nuclear programs of the world powers will be supervised by Dr. Kokintz, who recalls his identity as a Fenwick-American and accepts repatriation to his ancestral home. Kokintz takes on his new role as scientific director of the "Tiny Twenty", a new superpower of 20 of the world's smallest nations headed by Grand Fenwick. The United States and the other world powers accept these humiliating terms, leading to hope for world peace.

As a celebration of the triumphant outcome of the war, Duchess Gloriana and Tully Bascomb are united in marriage. As a sequel to the marriage, Dr. Kokintz accidentally drops the Q-Bomb onto the stone floor of the Grand Fenwick castle dungeon. As a result of this mishap, the scientific director inadvertently discovers that the Q-bomb is, and always has been, a powerless dud. The book concludes with Kokintz deciding to keep this key fact to himself.

Background
Wibberley got the idea from the US peace treaty negotiated with Japan by John Foster Dulles, which included generous amounts of aid to Japan. He wrote an article for the Los Angeles Times which suggested that his native Ireland make a token invasion of the US to get aid. He then developed this into a novel changing Ireland to the Duchy of Grand Fenwick.

Reception
Anthony Boucher praised the novel as "utterly delightful...a very nearly perfect book, on no account to be missed."

Film adaptation
The Mouse That Roared was made into a 1959 film starring Peter Sellers in three roles: Duchess Gloriana XII; Count Rupert Mountjoy, the Prime Minister; and Tully Bascomb, the military leader – and Jean Seberg, as Helen Kokintz, as an added love interest. Other cast members included: William Hartnell as Sergeant-at-Arms Will Buckley; David Kossoff as Professor Alfred Kokintz; Leo McKern as Benter the opposition leader; MacDonald Parke as General Snippet; and Austin Willis as the United States Secretary of Defense. In 1963, a sequel, based on The Mouse on the Moon, was released.

Stage adaptation
The Mouse That Roared was adapted for the stage by Christopher Sergel in 1963. The play portrays Duchess Gloriana XII as twenty-two years old, as in Wibberley's novel. In this version, Dr. Kokintz is a physics professor at Columbia University and the arrival of Tully Bascomb's invasion force coincides with a campus student protest. Thus, the Fenwick soldiers are mistaken for being eccentric protesters rather than as foreign invaders.

Television pilot
In 1964, Jack Arnold produced a television pilot based on the film, with Sid Caesar playing the three roles that Sellers had played, but it was not picked up for production.

Radio adaptation
BBC Radio 4 broadcast a one-hour adaptation on 15 February 2003 and 22 May 2010 as part of its Saturday Play series. The production was directed by Patrick Rayner and starred Julie Austin as Gloriana, Mark McDonnell (who co-adapted the book for radio) as Tully, Crawford Logan as Count Montjoy, Simon Tait as Dr. Kokintz and Steven McNicoll (who also co-adapted the book) as Mr. Benter.

title: The Mouse That Roared


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Scott core theorem

In mathematics, the Scott core theorem is a theorem about the finite presentability of fundamental groups of 3-manifolds due to G. Peter Scott,. The precise statement is as follows:

Given a 3-manifold (not necessarily compact) with finitely generated fundamental group, there is a compact three-dimensional submanifold, called the compact core or Scott core, such that its inclusion map induces an isomorphism on fundamental groups. In particular, this means a finitely generated 3-manifold group is finitely presentable.

A simplified proof is given in, and a stronger uniqueness statement is proven in.

title: Scott core theorem


text:
User:Morpheussleeps

Morpheussleeps is the telephathic ape-king from the thirteenth dimension. He has come to your Earth seeking Nestle Quick and Green Lantern's ring. In 1982 he took Philip K. Dick's ashes on a road trip before he was finally laid to rest at Fort Morgan, Colorado.

He spends his days separating which books and people he'll set ablaze when the Great War comes.

John Titor is his pen pal.

Morpheussleeps is also a 33rd degree Freemason.

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Donald Machholz

Donald Edward Machholz (October 7, 1952 – August 9, 2022) was an American amateur astronomer who was credited with the discovery of 12 comets that bear his name.

Personal life and death
In 2014, he married photojournalist Michele Machholz. They resided at the Stargazer Ranch in Wikieup, Arizona.

Machholz died in the early morning of August 9, 2022, at his home in Wikieup, Arizona, from complications of COVID-19. His obituary at Astronomy stated, "In the years leading up to his death, Machholz was considered the most prolific visual comet discoverer alive."

Career
He spent more than 9,000 hours comet hunting in a career spanning over 50 years. These comets include the periodic comets 96P/Machholz, 141P/Machholz, the non-periodic C/2004 Q2 (Machholz) that were visible with binoculars in the northern sky in 2004 and 2005, C/2010 F4 (Machholz), and C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto) In 1985, comet Machholz 1985-e, was discovered using a homemade cardboard telescope with a wide aperture, 10 inches across, that gave it a broader field of view than most commercial telescopes. Machholz utilized a variety of methods in his comet discoveries, in 1986 using 29×130 binoculars he discovered 96P/Machholz.

Machholz was one of the inventors of the Messier Marathon, which is a race to observe all the Messier objects in a single night.

Asteroid 245983 Machholz, discovered by Kazimieras Černis, was named in honor of Machholz in November 2017.

Comets discovered

 * 1978 Comet Machholz (1978l)
 * 1985 Comet Machholz (1985e)
 * 1986 Comet 96P/Machholz
 * 1988 Comet Machholz (1988j)
 * 1992 Comet Tanaka-Machholz (1992d)
 * 1992 Comet Machholz (1992k)
 * 1994 Comet Nakamura-Nishimura-Machholz (1994m)
 * 1994 Comet 141P/Machholz 2
 * 1994 Comet Machholz 1994r
 * 2004 Comet Machholz (C/2004 Q2)
 * 2010 Comet Machholz C/2010 F4
 * 2018 C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)

Awards and honors

 * 1978 Tuthill Comet Award Roger Tuthill for discovering Comet Machholz (1978L)
 * 1985 Tuthill Comet Award Roger Tuthill for discovering Comet Machholz (1986e)
 * 1986 Tuthill Comet Award Roger Tuthill for discovering Periodic Comet Machholz 1 (1986e)
 * 1994 Walter H. Haas Award Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
 * 1995 Machholz was the recipient of the G. Bruce Blair Medal
 * 2000 Peggy Haas Service Award Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers Service to Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
 * 2005 Edgar Wilson Award Harvard's Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for discovering Comet Machholz C/2004 Q2
 * 2010 Edgar Wilson Award Harvard's Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for discovering Comet Machholz C/2010 F4
 * 2017 Asteroid 245983 Machholz discovered by Kazimieras Černis was named in honor of Donald Machholz in November 2017
 * 2018 Edgar Wilson Award Harvard's Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for discovering Comet C/2018 V1 Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto
 * 2021 Leslie C. Peltier Award Astronomical League for the visual discovery of 12 comets and contributions to astronomy

Books

 * The Observing Guide to the Messier Marathon: A Handbook and Atlas
 * Decade of Comets: A Study of the 33 Comets Discovered by Amateur Astronomers Between 1975 and 1984
 * An observer's guide to comet Hale-Bopp: Making the most of Comet Hale-Bopp: when and where to observe Comet Hale-Bopp and what to look for

General references

 * Associated Press (June 16, 1985) "Amateur Astronomer Nails Down His Second Comet" Los Angeles Times Retrieved December 29, 2016
 * Jet Propulsion Laboratory (October 14, 1994) "MACHHOLZ'S BANNER YEAR" Jet Propulsion Laboratory
 * Library of Congress (2002) "Machholz, Don 1952–" Library of Congress
 * Joe Rao (September 17, 2004) "Newfound Comet Set for Winter Display" Space.com
 * Debi Drake (May 22, 2005) "Meet The Comet Hunter: Don Machholz" American Profile AMG/Parade
 * Alan MacRobert (December 2, 2008) "A Very Oddball Comet" Sky & Telescope Retrieved December 2, 2008
 * Jeanna Bryner (December 2, 2008) "Odd Comet Possibly from Another Star System" Space.com
 * Roger W. Sinnott (March 27, 2010) "New Comet Machholz" Sky & Telescope Retrieved March 30, 2010.
 * Brooks Hays (November 3, 2017) "SOHO Spacecraft Spots Comet Machholz 96P, A Return Visitor" UPI
 * Gareth V. Williams (November 11, 2018) "MPEC 2018-V151: COMET C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)" Minor Planet Center.
 * Bob King (November 9, 2018) "Amateur Don Machholz Discovers His 12th Comet!" Sky & Telescope
 * MPEC 2018-V151: COMET C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)
 * Bob King (November 11, 2018) Arizona Amateur Discovers New Dawn Comet — Here’s How To Find It
 * Comet C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto) Sky Charts and Coordinates
 * JPL viewer NASA

title: Donald Machholz


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Metal Hero Series

The Metal Hero Series (メタルヒーローシリーズ) is a metaseries of tokusatsu superhero TV series produced by Toei for Japanese television.

The protagonists of the Metal Hero Series are mainly space, military and police-based characters who are typically either androids, cyborgs, or human beings who don "metallic" armored suits. Henceforth, most of the Metal Heroes are also referenced as another example of the "Henshin (transforming) Heroes" genre. Usually, the genre revolves around a technological theme where technology, in the right hands, can be used for the greater good.

The shows were produced by Toei from 1982 through 1999 in conjunction with their other Tokusatsu superhero shows, Kamen Rider and Super Sentai. In addition to Japan, they are also popular in France, Brazil, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. During the 1990s, Saban Entertainment used some of the shows to produce programs similar to their Power Rangers series. Some of the Metal Hero Series even spawned such sequels which followed the continuity of the previous shows, resulting in the genre developing sub-categories based mainly on space, military and police-related characters.

List of Metal Hero Series

 * 1982: Space Sheriff Gavan (宇宙刑事ギャバン)
 * 1983: Space Sheriff Sharivan (宇宙刑事シャリバン)
 * 1984: Space Sheriff Shaider (宇宙刑事シャイダー)
 * 1985: MegaBeast Investigator Juspion (巨獣特捜ジャスピオン)
 * 1986: Jikuu Senshi Spielban (時空戦士スピルバン)
 * 1987: Choujinki Metalder (超人機メタルダー)
 * 1988: Sekai Ninja Sen Jiraiya (世界忍者戦ジライヤ)
 * 1989: The Mobile Cop Jiban (機動刑事ジバン)
 * 1990: Special Rescue Police Winspector (特警ウインスペクター)
 * 1991: Super Rescue Solbrain (特救指令ソルブレイン)
 * 1992: Special Rescue Exceedraft (特捜エクシードラフト)
 * 1993: Tokusou Robo Janperson (特捜ロボ ジャンパーソン)
 * 1994: Blue SWAT (ブルースワット)
 * 1995: Juukou B-Fighter (重甲ビーファイター)
 * 1996: B-Fighter Kabuto (ビーファイターカブト)
 * 1997: B-Robo Kabutack (ビーロボカブタック)
 * 1998: Tetsuwan Tantei Robotack (テツワン探偵ロボタック)

Theatrical releases

 * 1984: Uchuu Keiji Shaider: The Movie
 * 1984: Uchuu Keiji Shaider: Pursuit! The Strange Kidnappers!
 * 1987: Choujinki Metalder: The Movie
 * 1989: Kidou Keiji Jiban: The Movie Great Explosion at the Monster Factory of Fear
 * 1993: Tokusou Robo Janperson
 * 1994: Blue SWAT: The Movie
 * 1995: Juukou B-Fighter: The Movie
 * 2012: Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger vs. Space Sheriff Gavan: The Movie
 * 2012: Space Sheriff Gavan: The Movie
 * 2013: Kamen Rider × Super Sentai × Space Sheriff: Super Hero Taisen Z

V-Cinema releases

 * 1998: B-Robo Kabutack: The Epic Christmas Battle
 * 1999: Tetsuwan Tantei Robotack and Kabutack: The Great Strange Country Adventure
 * 2014: Space Sheriff Sharivan: The Next Generation
 * 2014: Space Sheriff Shaider: The Next Generation
 * 2017: Space Squad: Gavan vs. Dekaranger
 * 2017: Girls in Trouble: Space Squad Episode Zero
 * 2018: Uchu Sentai Kyuranger vs. Space Squad
 * Televi Magazine Super Video/Special DVD
 *  Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters vs. Beet Buster vs. J
 * Space Sheriff Gavan Special DVD

United States
During the 1990s, Saban adapted Metal Hero Series shows for American audiences; stock footage from Metalder, Spielvan and Shaider was used in VR Troopers (1994–1996), and footage from both B-Fighter series was later used in Big Bad Beetleborgs. Both shows ran for two seasons. As of 2018, Discotek Media has licensed Juspion for release marking the first release of the Metal Heroes in the US. Both Jiraiya and Gavan were used for the Power Rangers franchise with Jiraiya as Sheriff Skyfire in Power Rangers Super Ninja Steel and Gavan as Captain Chaku in Power Rangers Beast Morphers.

Philippines
In 1987, Space Sheriff Shaider was the first Metal Hero series aired in the Philippines on GMA Network.

In 1997, GMA aired Beetleborgs, produced by the American Saban Entertainment and adopted from both Juukou B-Fighter and B-Fighter Kabuto, pitting up against the Power Rangers series on its rival network ABS-CBN in which Saban also produced from the Super Sentai with Toei as well.

Zaido: Pulis Pangkalawakan was greenlighted by Toei as a sequel to Shaider, with characters who are descendants of those in the original series. Toei later halted production, instead authorizing a spin-off series set 20 years after the end of Shaider.

Brazil
The Metal Hero series were successful in Brazil. In 1988, Juspion (as Jaspion) was broadcast by TV Manchete. Manchete followed with Jiraiya in 1989, Jiban in 1990, Spielvan (renamed Jaspion 2) in 1991, Winspector in 1994 and Solbrain in 1995. Other networks also bought shows, with TV Bandeirantes broadcasting Metalder and Sharivan in 1990 and two networks (Rede Globo and TV Gazeta) airing Sheider and Gavan (renamed Gyaban) in 1991. Jaspion, Jiraiya and Jiban were later released on DVD in the country.

Until 2016, most of the series that were released in Brazilian television in 80's and 90's are going to Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and Playplus in Brazil. The distribution company Sato Company acquired many of those series and negotiated with Netflix. Also, some new products like Garo series are in these negotiations too.

Current status
Other similar heroes, such as Nebula Mask Machine Man, Kyodai Ken Byclosser, Lady Battle Cop, and Choukou Senshi Changéríon, were also produced during the time that the Metal Hero Series were on the air, but are not included as part of the Metal Hero Series for various reasons. Machine Man and Bicrosser were created by Shotaro Ishinomori, while Changéríon's armor is not metallic and aired on TV Tokyo. It's unknown if Lady Battle Cop is part of Toei's shared universe.

Currently, the Metal Hero Series were one of Toei's defunct genres as the company rather favors more of the Super Sentai and Kamen Rider Series of shows and allegedly the passing of Shotaro Ishinomori. Although, many of the Metal Hero traits have been adopted into the new generation of Super Sentai and Kamen Rider shows. Today, the present versions of this type of heroes are also merged in with the Henshin Heroes description.

Some Metal Heroes have also made cameo appearances. In 2004, a special Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger stage show had a special appearance by Gavan, who assisted Hurricane Red from Ninpuu Sentai Hurricaneger and Aba Red from Bakuryuu Sentai Abaranger in battling various Alienizer monsters from Deka Ranger.

In 2005, Toei released some Uchuu Keiji trilogy merchandise. Later that year, Bandai released a "Souchaku Henshin" figure of Gavan, followed by "Souchaku Henshin" figures of Sharivan and Shaider in early 2006. In May 2006, a PlayStation 2 video game titled The Space Sheriff Spirits was released. The game featured Gavan, Sharivan and Shaider all teaming up to battle past enemies from their series. The game was panned by critics, however, for bland graphics and dull gameplay. In early 2008, the trading card company Cardass announced a new, Metal Heroes based expansion to their Rangers Strike card game, entitled Special Metal Edition, featuring characters and vehicles from the various Metal Hero Series for use within the game.

Despite no more television series having been made, the Space Sheriff Series re-emerged in the 2010s with feature films, including new actors portraying successors to Gavan, Sharivan, and Shaider. Some of them are stand alone entries, while others feature crossovers with other Super Sentai and Kamen Rider characters.

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Stripe

Stripe, striped, or stripes may refer to:

Decorations

 * Stripe (pattern), a line or band that differs in colour or tone from an adjacent surface
 * Racing stripe, a vehicle decoration
 * Service stripe, a decoration of the U.S. military

Entertainment

 * Stripes (film), a 1981 American comedy film directed by Ivan Reitman
 * Striped 2, a television ident for BBC Two television
 * S.T.R.I.P.E., a fictional superhero in the DC Comics universe
 * Stripe, the main antagonist character in the film Gremlins
 * "Stripes", an episode of the British sitcom Hi-de-Hi!
 * Uncle Stripe, the brother of Bandit Heeler in TV series Bluey

Organizations

 * Stripe, Inc., an online payment processor
 * Stripes Convenience Stores, a chain of convenience stores in Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma
 * Stripes (growth equity firm), a New York-based growth equity firm that invests in private software and branded consumer products companies
 * Stripe, brand name for the first striped toothpaste

Technology

 * Stripes (framework), an open source web application framework based on the model–view–controller (MVC)
 * Data striping, a data storage technique
 * Magnetic stripe, a method for storing data, such as on a credit card

Other uses

 * Stripe (billiard ball), billiard balls numbered 9 through 15
 * Stripes (prison uniform), the uniform worn by detainees
 * Stripe, County Fermanagh, a townland in Northern Ireland; see List of townlands in County Fermanagh

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Rosenstrasse protest

The Rosenstrasse protest is considered to be a significant event in German history as it is the only mass public demonstration by Germans in the Third Reich against the deportation of Jews. The protest on Rosenstraße ("Avenue of Roses") took place in Berlin during February and March 1943. This demonstration was initiated and sustained by the non-Jewish wives and relatives of Jewish men and Mischlinge, (those of mixed Jewish and Aryan heritage). Their husbands had been targeted for deportation, based on the racial policy of Nazi Germany, and detained in the Jewish community house on Rosenstrasse. The protests, which occurred over the course of seven days, continued until the men being held were released by the Gestapo. The protest by the women of the Rosenstrasse led to the release of approximately 1,800 Berlin Jews.

Context

From the onset of his power, Hitler dedicated himself fully to accomplishing his idea of the ideal government. In his eyes, a model government drew "conscious consent" from its strength in three pillars of authority. In Mein Kampf, he asserts that a government who has mastered popularity, force, and social tradition "may be regarded as unshakeable". Social acceptance was integral to the Nazi party's continued power. Before beginning to deport Jews as a part of the Final Solution, the regime "made a trial deportation of German Jews" and "had their German neighbors studied attentively" who, in a win for the regime "had hardly noticed" their missing neighbors.

Many Germans also willingly condemned Jews to the Gestapo, the Nazi secret police, often for very little personal gain. It was partially an "environment of terror" pushing Germans to self-police, however, a large number of Germans "went well beyond what... survival demanded to assist the regime." Laws against German-Jewish relations implemented by the regime were precedented by reports made by citizens of what they considered to be antisocial or deviant behavior. In 1935, following a slew of reports to the Gestapo in July, the Nuremberg Race Laws "exclude[d] German Jews from Reich citizenship and prohibit[ed] them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of “German or German-related blood” at any point in the future. The Nuremberg Laws, aimed at preventing further racial mixing, did not dissolve existing marriages "in deference to the social and religious sanctity and privacy of marriage."

By December 1942, 27,744 intermarried Jews were registered in Germany. Initially, German women married more Jewish men than their male counterparts. After the consolidation of power under Hitler, more German men had divorced their partners than women, so the majority of intermarried relationships were between a German wife and her Jewish husband. These women had long faced social and societal pressure from their communities to divorce their husbands long before the Holocaust. Therefore, when the campaign against their husbands began, German women married to Jewish men were already resistant to the outward pressure. As they encountered many Jews in their day-to-day lives, German women were not susceptible to "propaganda's abstract evil depictions", causing the regime to turn to force.

In Berlin, the majority of Jews spared from deportation were those in intermarried relationships or those working in armaments factories. Since 1933, these intermarriages were seen by the Nazis as their "certain victims", and the regime tried with all its might to get rid of them. However, these intermarried Jews were woven tightly into their communities, and the regime, cautious of "antagonizing non-Jewish Germans and injuring public morale" had delayed.

Chronology
On January 22, 1943, Goebbels and Hitler agreed that it was time for the final push to expel the last Jews in Germany. At this meeting, Hitler and Goebbels agreed that there "could be no internal security" until the last Jews living in Vienna and Berlin could be deported "as quickly as possible". On February 18, 1943, Goebbels proclaimed a policy of "Total War" in a speech in Berlin - he argued that the threat of a second "stab-in-the-back" required the "internal security" situation of the Reich be improved.

Just after the German defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad, the Gestapo had arrested the last of the Jews in Berlin during the Fabrikaktion. Around 1,800 Jewish men, almost all of them married to non-Jewish women (others classified as the so-called Geltungsjuden), were separated from the other 10,000 arrested, and housed temporarily at Rosenstraße 2–4, a welfare office for the Jewish community located in central Berlin.

The arrests of Berlin Jews, beginning on February 27, 1943, marked an escalation in the efforts made to remove these Jewish family members from their spouses and families. The 1,800 men were so-called "privileged Jews", a category exempt from deportation and other anti-Jewish measures by reason of being married to German spouses, or employment as officials of the Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland, the Jewish organization officially recognized by the German government for the purpose of controlling the Jewish population. According to Mordecai Paldiel, Holocaust survivor and former Director of the Department of the Righteous among the Nations program at Yad Vashem, Israel's Holocaust authority, "The Rosenstrasse protest embraced hundreds of women at the site where most of the Jewish men were interned (in a building which previously served the Jewish community in Berlin), before being processed to the camps... who gathered every day, and facing armed Schutzstaffel (SS) soldiers, shouted: "Give us our husbands back!""

Despite the media blackout ordered by Goebbels, it was impossible for the state to arrest such a large number of people in Berlin over the course of one day without people noticing. Hundreds of women gathered outside of Rosenstrasse 2-4 and announced that they would not leave until their husbands had been released. Despite periodic threats of being shot on site if the women did not disperse their protest, the women would scatter briefly, and then return to Rosenstrasse 2–4 to continue protesting. Elsa Holzer, a protesting wife, later stated in an interview: "We expected that our husbands would return home and that they wouldn't be sent to the camps. We acted from the heart, and look what happened. If you had to calculate whether you would do any good by protesting, you wouldn't have gone. But we acted from the heart. We wanted to show that we weren't willing to let them go. What one is capable of doing when there is danger can never be repeated. I'm not a fighter by nature. Only when I have to be. I did what was given me to do. When my husband need my protection, I protected him ... And there was always a flood of people there. It wasn't organized or instigated. Everyone was simply there. Exactly like me. That's what is so wonderful about it."

The protests were briefly stopped on the night of March 1, 1943, when the British Royal Air Force (RAF) bombed Berlin. It was a public holiday in honor of the Luftwaffe, which the RAF decided to mark with an especially large air raid on Berlin. Ursula Braun, a fiancée of one of the interred Jewish men, recalled mixed feelings about the bombing of Berlin: "On the one hand were fury and hate against the Nazis, who deserved the attack, and on the other side there was terrible misery all around each of us-the screaming people, the hellish fires". One Jewish woman, Charlotte Israel, stated: "I always had such fear about the air raids. But on that night I thought, that serves them right! I was so enraged. I was together with a few other, who got down on their knees and prayed. I could have laughed in scorn! But then I thought of my husband, who as locked up at Rosenstrasse. I knew they would not be able to leave the building." On occasion, people passing by would join the protests in favor of the SS releasing the arrested men.

The RSHA favored shooting all of the women protesting on Rosenstrasse, but this plan was vetoed by Goebbels, who argued that the protests were apolitical, an attempt by women to keep their families together rather an attempt to bring down the Nazi regime - that there was no way the regime could massacre thousands of unarmed women in the middle of Berlin and keep the massacre secret, and the news of the massacre would further undermine German morale by showing that the German people were not all united in the Volksgemeinschaft for Total War. American historian and professor Dr. Nathan Stoltzfus argued that the need to keep the appearance of the German people all united in the Volksgemeinschaft might explain why force was not used, but:

"Nevertheless, had there been no protest on Rosenstrasse, the Gestapo would have kept on arresting and deporting Jews until perhaps even Eichmann's most radical plans had been fulfilled. Differences existed between Eichmann's office and the leadership on the importance of maintaining social quiescence during deportations, but this would not have mattered if the protests during the Final Roundup had not arisen. Power plays surrounding decision-making on intermarried Jews and mischlinge do not so much explain the survival of these Jews as point to the regime's fear of unrest. There would have been no hesitation and no conflict among officials had intermarried Germans cooperated fully with Nazi racial aims ... It was the recalcitrance of intermarried Germans that had made a real issue out of the different positions of the top leadership and the RSHA on the importance of social quiescence in the first place and it was their protest in 1943 that soon caused Goebbels to revert to the position of temporarily deferring these problem cases."

On March 6, 1943, Goebbels in his capacity as the Gauleiter of Berlin ordered all of the people imprisoned at Rosenstrasse 2-4 to be released, writing "I will commission the security police not to continue the Jewish evacuations in a systematic manner during such a critical time [a reference to the defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad]. We want to rather spare that for ourselves until after a few weeks; then we can carry it out that much more thoroughly." In reference to the protests, Goebbels attacked the RSHA, stating "One has to intervene all over the place, to ward off damages. The efforts of certain officers are so lacking in political savvy that one cannot let them operate on their own for ten minutes!". On April 1, 1943, the American Legation in Bern reported to Washington: "Action against Jewish wives and husbands on the part of the Gestapo ... had to be discontinued some time ago because of the protest which such action aroused."

Leopold Gutterer, who was Goebbels's deputy at the Propaganda Ministry, remembered that Goebbels stated if force was used to crush the demonstrations, it would prompt wider protests all over Berlin, which might soon become political, and could possibly even lead to the overthrow of the Nazi regime. Gutterer later stated in an interview: "Goebbels released the Jews in order to eliminate that protest from the world. That was the simplest solution: to eradicate completely the reason for the protest. Then it wouldn't make any sense to protest anymore. So that others didn't take a lesson [from the protest], so others didn't begin to do the same, the reason [for the protest] had to be eliminated. There was unrest, and it could have spread from neighborhood to neighborhood ... Why should Goebbels have had them [the protestors] all arrested? Then he would have only had even more unrest, from the relatives of these newly arrested persons." Gutterer also stated: "That [protest] was only possible in a large city, where people lived together, whether Jewish or not. In Berlin were also representatives of the international press, who immediately grabbed hold of something like this, to loudly proclaim it. Thus news of the protest would travel from one person to the next." Goebbels swiftly realized that to use force against the women protesting on the Rosenstrasse would undermine the claim that all Germans were united in the volksgemeinschaft. Using force against the protestors would not only damage the volksgemeinschaft, which provided the domestic unity to support the war, but would also draw unwanted attention to the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question". Stoltzfus wrote: "A public discussion about the fate of deported Jews threatened to disclose the Final Solution and thus endanger the entire war effort."

Despite the news blackout imposed by Goebbels, the news of the protests on the Rosenstrasse had traveled swiftly by word of mouth all throughout Germany and beyond; in Switzerland, British and American diplomats heard rumors of the Rosenstrasse protests, and in the first week of March 1943, British and American newspapers reported on the protests in Berlin. Goebbels hit back by having the German newspapers claim that the women were actually protesting against the British bombing of Berlin, and far from cracking, the volksgemeinschaft was stronger than ever, stating that charity donations in Germany had gone up 70% in the last year [i.e. a sign that the volksgenossen or "National Comrades" all cared for each other].

Despite his promise to Hitler, Goebbels did not try to deport the men of the Rosenstrasse to Auschwitz again, saying the risk of protest was too great, and instead ordered the men of the Rosenstrasse to stop wearing their yellow stars of David on 18 April 1943. Without knowing it, the women who protested on the Rosenstrasse had also saved the lives of other Jews. On May 21, 1943, in response to a question from the chief of the Security Police in Paris, Rolf Günther, who was Adolf Eichmann's deputy at the Jewish Desk of the RSHA, stated that French Jews married to Gentiles could not be deported until the question of German Jews in mixed marriages was "clarified". As half of the Jews living in mixed marriages in the Reich were living in Berlin, the question could not be "clarified" until Jews living in mixed marriages in Berlin were deported, which thus led Günther to rule no deportations of French Jews in mixed marriages at present. On May 21, 1943, Ernst Kaltenbrunner of the RSHA issued a memo ordering the release of all German Jews in mixed marriages from concentration camps except those convicted of criminal offenses. The same memo listed four categories of Jews who, up until this point, had been spared deportation, including those considered "irreplaceable" by the arms industry; the memo ordered the first three categories deported, but spared the fourth, namely those in mixed marriages as it stated a repeat of the Rosenstrasse protests was not desirable. The men imprisoned in the Rosenstrasse survived the Holocaust. The protests on Rosenstrasse were the only time in which a protest against the "Final Solution" in Nazi Germany had occurred against the regime.

Historian perspectives
There are varying perspectives taken by historians around the globe regarding the Rosenstrasse Protest. In 2003 German historian Kurt Pätzold explained part of what is at issue: arguing that a protest rescued Jewish lives "strikes at the center of the historical perception of the character of the Nazi regime and the way it functioned, and weighs on judgments about the possibilities for resistance." Another German historian, Konrad Kwiet, added that "the successful outcome of this late protest suggests that if similar actions at an earlier stage had been carried out throughout Germany, they might have halted the increasingly destructive course of the German anti-Jewish policy." There are a lot of controversial questions surrounding these perspectives, such as: did the regime set its course, issue orders, and carry them out in every detail, using brute force to have its way if necessary? Or was it tactically opportunistic, improvising its decisions within changing circumstances to maximize its impact? Ultimately, the question is whether the Jews released following the Rosenstrasse demonstration owe their lives to the protest, or whether as another German historian wrote, they have the will of the Gestapo to "thank" for their survival.

Recently, some German historians have set the protest within the contexts of left-wing resistance, Jewish underground survival, and Nazi policies of forced labour and deportation. Some argue that while the non-Jewish partners were targeted, harassed and intended for internment, actual deportation was not the aim in early 1943. Wolf Gruner has argued that at this time the Gestapo excluded Jews with Aryan partners from expulsion, and corrected Berlin officials who tried to remove them. German historian Diane Schulle summarizes this perspective in her essay "Forced Labour": "Gruner…suggests that regardless of the protests, the deportation of mixed-marriage partners had never been part of the plan. The arrests of Mischlinge ["half-Jews"] and Jews living in mixed marriages had been undertaken for a purpose other than deportation: registration." Gruner insists that Nazi directives at that time prohibited the Gestapo from deporting German Jews married to non-Jews. In Gruner's view, therefore, the protest had no impact on the Gestapo, since deportation was not their aim. As evidence, Gruner says that on February 20, 1943, Himmler's Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) ordered that intermarried Jews were to be exempted from the deportations "temporarily". Four days later, a Gestapo order from the city of Frankfurt an der Oder directed Gestapo agents to avoid drawing attention to intermarried Jews. They were instead encouraged to arrest these Jews on other charges including "impudence", prior to sending them to a concentration camp. According to this order, Gruner wrote that "much would depend on the arbitrary behavior of the officers at each location."

As Gauleiter Joseph Goebbels resolved to make Berlin Judenfrei by March 1943, pushing out all persons wearing the star, there was a simultaneous pull from the Auschwitz-Buna camp for slave laborers, as Joachim Neander has shown. In February, fearing that the 6,000 Polish workers at I. G. Farben’s Buna would revolt, plans were laid to disperse them throughout other camps by mid-March, 1943. In addition to the workers needed to replace the Poles, 3,000 additional workers were needed to bring the labor force up to the number promised by SS-Obersturmbannführer Gerhard Maurer, head of Office D II, “Prisoner Employment,” at the SS Economic Administration Main Office. .

Arthur Liebehenschel, also of the Economic SS, made it clear these forced laborers would come from the deportations of Berlin Jews, and that he expected Auschwitz to receive not 9,000 but 15,000 workers.

Providing slave laborers—who would have to be kept healthy—was a high priority for the Economic SS.

By late February, deportations had reduced the number of Jews employed in the Berlin armaments industry to about 11,000. In order to send to Auschwitz even just 9,000 Berlin Jews ‘fit for work’, never mind the promised 15,000, a significant number would have to come from intermarried Jews. the majority of the 11,000 Jewish armaments workers living in Berlin by late February 1943 were living in “mixed marriages.”.

Neander has calculated that supplying Auschwitz-Buna with 11,000 Jewish slave laborers by mid-March 1943 would have required the inclusion of seven thousand intermarried Jews from Berlin. For these 7,000 the Gestapo’s “temporary” exemption of intermarried Jews from the deportations would have ended. Already the “temporary” exemption had come to an end for hundreds of Germany’s intermarried Jews who had been murdered in the Holocaust. A report by the intermarried and reliably-sourced Gerhard Lehfeldt from March 1943 suggests that 9.000 Berlin Jews were to be sent into forced labor. .

However, factors in Berlin, most importantly street protests against the deportations of Jews imprisoned at Rosenstrasse, altered the alignment of interests in deporting intermarried Jews. Berlin's Gauleiter Goebbels had both the power and motivation to influence his approach to intermarried Jews in Berlin. Goebbels was engaged in an effort to restructure the German home front for total war under his leadership. He saw that his position and plans to mobilize the German people for total war anticipated more sacrifices, and that these were jeopardized by the Rosenstrasse protest. He intervened to release Berlin’s intermarried Jews arrested in the massive arrests beginning on February 27, 1943 that Himmler identified as an Action to Eliminate Jews from Reich Territory. But only temporarily—he thought of it as another “temporary” stay of execution:

-Goebbels Diary, March 6, 1943.

Terminology
Although the massive arrests of Berlin Jews beginning on February 27, 1943 are commonly known as the "Fabrikaktion", or "Factory Action", this term was never used by the Gestapo, but was instead invented following the war. The Gestapo's code names for this action were "Elimination of Jews from the German Reich" and "Final roundup of Jews in Berlin". Using the Gestapo's terms is important because Jews were arrested at their factory workplaces, at home, and persons seen on the streets wearing the Jewish star were chased down and carted off to be dispatched from Berlin. Goebbels resolved in February ,1943, to refrain from deporting Jews working in factories, but to instead make Berlin Judenrein, "free of Jews", demonstrating his intent towards dispatching anyone wearing the Jewish Star.

Germany's relationship to the past
Two articles in early 2018 in the German press presented contrasting interpretations of the Rosenstrasse Protest on the occasion of its seventy-fifth anniversary. While the Berliner Tagesspiegel on February 27 credited that protest with rescuing two thousand Jews, Der Spiegel on March 2 represented institutions and persons who sharply disagree. In this position, "Aryan" (non-Jewish) partners who demonstrated for the release of their husbands are to be commended, although their protest made no difference whatsoever since their protest coincided perfectly with Gestapo plans: "A decree of the Reich Security Main Office, however, did not provide for the deportation of any Jews living in a so-called mixed marriage, but only the removal from the factories, in order to ‘capture’ [erfassen] them, after which they were to be released back to their homes ... "

The standard evidence for this position referred to by Der Spiegel’s editors is the decree of the Frankfurt/Oder Gestapo circulated by the Administrator for the District of Calau dated February 25th, 1943, as interpreted by Gruner. In 1995, Gruner wrote that "views that such demonstrations could have hampered the RSHA's deportation plans are unlikely to hold up in the historic context." For Gruner, "interpreting the Rosenstrasse protest as rescuing intermarried Jews carries "the danger of dramatically underestimating the regime’s power to dominate (Herrschaft)."

Dr. Nathan Stoltzfus responded to Gruner's comment that "a dictatorship that would lash out in every direction at any sign of opposition would be dramatically less dangerous than one that knew how to use force and terror more instrumentally. A flexible villain capable of strategizing is capable of more villainy than one that must always act according to ideology and plans made in advance."

The Frankfurt/Oder Erlass does not suggest that the Gestapo did not plan to deport any of the intermarried Jews it arrested during the course of its Reich-wide "Removal of Jews from Reich Territory Actions", which began on February 27, 1943. It says in part: "All Jews still employed are to be removed from businesses for the purpose of the collection [Erfassung]. Uppity behavior of Jews in a still-existing mixed marriage, is to be punished by placing them in protective custody with a request for their placement in a concentration camp. This [punishment] can be carried out very unsparingly, but the impression must be avoided that this action is fundamentally resolving the mixed marriage problem at this same time. Unless there are reasons to justify the imprisonment of the Jews who live in mixed marriages, these Jews are to be sent to their homes".

This local order could have had no bearing on the fate of Jews imprisoned on Berlin's Rosenstrasse; certainly it did not stand between Joseph Goebbels, the Gauleiter of Berlin, and his resolve to declare his city free of Jews by March. (Diary, February 2, 1943). Its local character is clear, for example in its references to specific work-camps in the region. It does invoke the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) to lay out the purpose of the action as detaining all Jews "for the purpose of collection". Erfassung might mean either "collection" or "registration", but critically for its interpretation here, in the Erlass it applies to all Jews arrested—including those sent to Auschwitz—and not just to Jews in intermarriage.

Commemoration
The building on Rosenstraße, near Alexanderplatz, in which the men were held, was destroyed during an Allied bombing of Berlin at the end of the war. The original Rosenstraße location is now marked by a rose-colored Litfaß column that is 2–3 meters high, dedicated to the demonstration. Information about this event is posted on the Litfaß column.

In the mid-1980s, Ingeborg Hunzinger, an East German sculptor, created a memorial to those women who took part in the Rosenstraße Protest. The memorial, named "Block der Frauen" (Block of Women), was erected in 1995 in a park not far from the site of the protest. The sculpture shows protesting and mourning women, and an inscription on the back reads: "The strength of civil disobedience, the vigour of love overcomes the violence of dictatorship; Give us our men back; Women were standing here, defeating death; Jewish men were free". The Israeli historian Omer Bartov observed that the memorial does not actually explain what the Rosenstrasse protests were or achieved, as if many Germans would prefer to forget about the protests, presumably because the protesters achieved their demands.

The events of the Rosenstraße protests were made into a film in 2003 by Margarethe von Trotta under the title Rosenstraße.

The 75th anniversary of the protest occurred in 2018. The German consulate in New York, United States commemorated the anniversary on February 24, 2018. German politician Petra Pau, vice president of parliament and member of Germany's socialist party Die Linke, gave a speech in the Bundestag marking the anniversary. An opinion peace in the Jerusalem Post on the 75th anniversary of the Rosenstraße protests compared those events to the grievances expressed during the 2017–2018 Iranian protests.

title: Rosenstrasse protest


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Salvador Cabañas

Salvador Cabañas Ortega (born 5 August 1980) is a Paraguayan former professional footballer who played as a striker internationally for the senior Paraguay national team, and earlier for the national U17 and U20 teams.

Cabañas played for Club 12 de Octubre, Guaraní, Audax Italiano, Chiapas, Club América, General Caballero, Tanabi and Independiente F.B.C. His football career saw him play in Paraguay, Chile, Mexico and Brazil.

Cabañas was also a member of the Paraguay national football team from 2004 to 2010, scoring 10 goals in 44 appearances and participating in the 2006 FIFA World Cup and the 2007 Copa América. Cabañas was the leading goal scorer in the 2007 and 2008 Copa Libertadores competitions. In 2007, he was awarded both Paraguayan Footballer of the Year and South American Footballer of the Year. Cabañas had also been a top scorer in Chile and Mexico. He was known for his array of skills on the field such as excellent heading, accurate shooting with either foot, receptions in tight spaces, and a combination of technique, power, and positional sense.

Cabañas was shot in the head at a nightclub in January 2010, but survived the attack. Sixteen months after the assault he returned to football and participated in a tribute match for him between Paraguay's national team and Club América.

Early years
Cabañas started his career at Club 12 de Octubre, where he was promoted to the first division, by then-coach Alicio Solalinde, scoring 17 goals in his first season. He then moved to a different team, Guaraní, where he had a brief stint before moving to Audax Italiano of Chile. In the 2003 Apertura tournament of the Chilean Primera División, Cabañas was the top scorer with 18 goals.

Years in Mexico
Afterwards, he joined Chiapas of Mexico from Audax Italiano before the Mexican 2003 Apertura tournament. That season, Cabañas went on to play in 18 games for the team, scoring five goals. He came into his own in the 2004 Clausura however, as he scored 15 goals in 20 games for the club. He would lead the club in goals again in the 2004 Apertura, with eight in 16 matches.

Following the Clausura 2006 season in which Cabañas won his first goal-scoring crown in the Mexican League, he attracted the attention of Club América, one of the most important clubs in the country, and was signed by the Mexico City squad prior to the Apertura 2006 season.

Cabañas became Club América's most prolific goal scorer for 2007, finishing up the first half of the year with an impressive 19 goals between 2007 Copa Libertadores (in which he became the top-scorer with 10 goals) and the Mexican Primera División. He started the second half of the year with a single goal in the North American SuperLiga, then scored 4 more goals in the 2007 Copa Sudamericana, and has scored 9 more in the Mexican Primera División, bringing his year's total with the club to 33 goals. His top form in 2007 earned him the Paraguayan Footballer of the Year and South American Footballer of the Year awards.

For 2008, Cabañas has started where he left off in 2007. He scored 3 goals in the 2008 InterLiga, scored 8 in the 2008 Copa Libertadores (in which, for a consecutive second time, he became the top-scorer), and scored 6 more goals in the Mexican Primera División. He started the second half of the year with 6 goals in the Mexican Primera División, bringing his year's total to 23 goals with the club.

Cabañas started 2009 by scoring his first goal in the 2009 InterLiga and scoring 13 more goals in the Mexican Primera División. He then finished the second half of the year with 12 goals in the Mexican Primera División. Taking his tally to 26 goals for the year. On 18 January, against Santos Laguna, he scored two goals, taking his personal tally to 100 goals in the Mexican Primera División.

In 2010, Cabañas again started the year scoring goals in the 2010 InterLiga, scoring four. In the two games he played in the 2010 Bicentenario, he scored two goals. His last game before being shot was on 24 January 2010 in a 2–0 loss against Morelia.

Murder Attempt
Cabañas was shot in the head inside the "Bar Bar" nightclub, in Mexico City, on 25 January 2010 at 5:00 a.m. According to the official police reports, the assault was the result of a taunting incident in the bar's bathroom between Cabañas and a mobster of the Beltrán-Leyva Drug-Cartel called José Balderas Garza, alias "JJ", who shot him.

According to Cabañas ex-wife, the altercation was a result of Cabañas reacting against a robbery.

Cabañas received medical attention during the early hours of 25 January 2010. Later on the day he was submitted to a craniotomy but doctors decided that it was too risky to proceed and the bullet was not extracted. Cabañas left intensive care in late February and was hoping to fully recover in time for the 2010 FIFA World Cup but was not selected for the final Paraguay squad. Doctors dealing with Cabañas have described his recovery so far as "tremendous". However, it is announced he does have short-term memory loss and may not recover for another one to three years. He gave his first interview on 12 March 2010 in appreciation to all the people who prayed for him. In 2013, Cabañas gave his version of the incident which stated that in his opinion the attack occurred so that he would not play at the 2010 FIFA World Cup and that Paraguay would not be crowned champions of the competition.

At that moment, Cabañas challenged the man, asking him 'What are you waiting for', noting to him that he had held the gun towards Cabañas for almost 10 minutes, and after a little bit, the man pulled the trigger on Cabañas shot his forehead. He also stated that right after being shot, he had a near-death experience, where he felt that he went directly to heaven and spoke with God, who touched him on his forehead where Cabañas had been shot, and told him that a long time remained until he was due to come to heaven and that he should enjoy life and help those in need.

Return to football
Cabañas signed a contract with Paraguayan third-division club 12 de Octubre, on 20 January 2012, two years after the assault. He then made his competitive return to football on 14 April, starting and playing forty minutes, in the club's 2–0 win over Martín Ledesma in the opening round of the Primera B. Salvador's side gained promotion into the Second Division of Paraguay where he will now compete on a regular basis. Cabañas was invited to partake in a half time memorial appearance for Chiapas in a Liga MX match against Pumas. He received a standing ovation from the crowd at halftime. Jaguares later went on to win the match 3–0.

First retirement and return to football
On 26 January 2014, Cabañas announced his retirement from football, after having received an offer from the Mexican second division side Murciélagos FC. However, on 1 February 2014, it was announced that Cabañas had signed with Club 12 de Octubre, who had been promoted to the Paraguayan Primera División for the 2014 season. On 16 February 2014, the day that Cabañas was meant to debut against Cerro Porteño in the Round 1 of the 2014 Paraguayan Primera División season, it was announced by club spokesman, Miguel Soloaga, that Cabañas would not participate in the competition due to his low form. Sologa stated that Cabañas was out of physical form and discarded from the Torneo Apertura but would continue to participate in the club's training sessions.

Tanabi Esporte Clube
On 17 March 2014, it was announced that Cabañas had signed a three-month contract with São Paulo Segunda Divisão (equivalent to the state fourth division) outfit Tanabi Esporte Clube. The club's president, Irineu Alves, travelled by car from Brazil to Paraguay in order to finalize the contract, stating that Cabañas was a big financial signing for the club. On 18 May 2014, Cabañas debuted for the club in a friendly against Gremio Barueri, which ended in a 2–2 draw, where Cabañas missed a penalty in the last minute.

Second retirement
On 30 May 2014, Cabañas officially announced that he had retired due to not being able to maintain a rhythm to play since being shot in the head in 2010.

Independiente Fútbol Club PJC
On 27 June 2014, Cabañas came out of retirement and signed with Independiente Fútbol Club of Pedro Juan Caballero. On 29 June 2014, Cabañas debuted for Independiente against former Primera División Paraguaya club Sportivo 2 de Mayo in the Liga Deportiva Amambay of the Paraguayan Cuarta División, entering the field in the 35th minute of the second half.

International career
In 1997, Cabañas represented Paraguay's U17 team at the 1997 South American Under-17 Football Championship held in Paraguay, scoring 3 goals. Two years later, Cabañas was selected in Paraguay's U20 squad to participate at the 1999 South American U-20 Championship, where he scored two goals. Paraguay qualified for the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship as Cabañas was selected in the squad which featured Roque Santa Cruz and Nelson Cuevas.

Cabañas debuted for the Paraguay national team during the 2006 World Cup qualification campaign. He was selected in the squad for the tournament finals but did not play.

He scored three goals in four matches in the 2007 Copa América as Paraguay reached the quarter-finals. He was the team's top scorer in the 2010 World Cup qualifiers with six goals, including one in a 2–0 win over Brazil in Asunción.

International goals

 * Scores and results list Paraguay's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Cabañas goal.

Club
Chiapas
 * Chiapas Cup: 2003, 2005

Individual

 * South American Footballer of the Year: 2007
 * Paraguayan Footballer of the Year: 2007, 2008, 2009
 * Copa Libertadores top scorer: 2007, 2008
 * Balón de Oro: Clausura 2008
 * Liga MX Golden Boot (Shared): Clausura 2006
 * Primera División de Chile top scorer: 2003-A
 * Tecate Premios Deportes Best Forward: 2009
 * Tecate Premios Deportes Best XI: 2008, 2009

title: Salvador Cabañas