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Prithviraj Kapoor

Prithviraj Kapoor (born Prithvinath Kapoor; 3 November 1906 – 29 May 1972) was an Indian actor who is also considered to be one of the founding figures of Hindi cinema. He was associated with IPTA as one of its founding members and established the Prithvi Theatres in 1944 as a travelling theatre company based in Bombay.

He was the patriarch of the Kapoor family of Hindi films, four generations of which, beginning with him, have played active roles in the Hindi film industry, with the youngest generation still active in Bollywood. His father, Basheshwarnath Kapoor, also played a short role in his movie Awara. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1969 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1971 for his contributions towards Indian cinema.

Early life and education
Prithviraj Kapoor was born as Prithvinath Kapoor on 3 November 1906 in Samundri near Lyallpur, Punjab, British India, into a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family of the Kapoor gotra. His father, Dewan Basheshwarnath Kapoor, was a police officer in the Indian Imperial Police. His grandfather, Dewan Keshavmal Kapoor, and his great-grandfather, Dewan Murli Mal Kapoor, were Tehsildars in Samundri near Lyallpur. Kapoor was the eldest of eight siblings, five boys (including Prithviraj and Trilok Kapoor, also an actor) and three girls. Film producer Surinder Kapoor, father of actors and producers Anil, Boney and Sanjay Kapoor, was a cousin of Prithviraj Kapoor.

Kapoor's childhood was largely spent in Lyallpur District, where his grandparents and extended family lived. Later, his father was transferred to Peshawar, North West Frontier Province, and after some years, the family moved there, while retaining house and property in Lyallpur. Kapoor studied initially at Lyallpur Khalsa College  then in  Lyallpur, and later at Edwardes College in Peshawar, where he received his Bachelor of Arts. He also went on to study law for a year before deciding to go into acting.

Career
Kapoor began his acting career in the theatres of Lyallpur and Peshawar. In 1928, he moved to Bombay City, Bombay Presidency, with a loan from an aunt. There he joined the Imperial Films Company and started acting in minor roles in movies. In 1929, he made his acting debut as an extra in his first film, Be Dhari Talwar. He went on to earn a lead role in his third film, titled Cinema Girl, which released in 1930.

After featuring in nine silent films, including Be Dhari Talwar, Cinema Girl, Sher-e-Arab and Prince Vijaykumar, Kapoor did a supporting role in India's first film talkie, Alam Ara (1931). His performance in Vidyapati (1937) was much appreciated. His best-known performance is perhaps as Alexander the Great in Sohrab Modi's Sikandar (1941). He also joined the Grant Anderson Theater Company, an English theatrical company that remained in Bombay for a year. Through all these years, Kapoor remained devoted to the theatre and performed on stage regularly. He developed a reputation as a very fine and versatile actor on both stage and screen.

Prithvi Theatres
By 1944, Kapoor had the wherewithal and standing to found his own theatre group, Prithvi Theatres, whose première performance was Kalidasa's Abhijñānaśākuntalam in 1942. His eldest son, Raj Kapoor, by 1946, had struck out on his own; the films he produced had been successful and this was also an enabling factor. Prithviraj invested in Prithvi Theatres, which staged memorable productions across India. The plays were highly influential and inspired young people to participate in the Indian independence movement and the Quit India Movement. In over 16 years of existence, the theatre staged some 2,662 performances. Prithviraj starred as the lead actor in every single show. One of his popular plays was called Pathan (1947), which was performed on stage nearly 600 times in Mumbai. It opened on 13 April 1947, and is a story of a Muslim and his Hindu friend.

By the late 1950s, it was clear that the era of the travelling theatre had been irreversibly supplanted by the cinema and it was no longer financially feasible for a troupe of up to 80 people to travel the country for four to six months at a time along with their props and equipment and living in hotels and campsites. The financial returns, through ticket sales and the rapidly diminishing largesse of patrons from the erstwhile princely class of India, was not enough to support such an effort. Many of the fine actors and technicians that Prithvi Theatres nurtured had found their way to the movies. Indeed, this was the case with all of Prithviraj's own sons. As Kapoor progressed into his 50s, he gradually ceased theatre activities and accepted occasional offers from film-makers, including his own sons. He appeared with his son Raj in the 1951 film Awara as a stern judge who had thrown his own wife out of his house. Later, under his son, Shashi Kapoor, and daughter-in-law Jennifer Kendal, Prithvi Theatre merged with the Indian Shakespeare theatre company, "Shakespeareana", and the company got a permanent home, with the inauguration of the Prithvi Theatre in Mumbai on 5 November 1978.

Postage stamp
In 1996, the Golden Jubilee year of the founding of Prithvi Theatre, India Post, issued a special two Rupee commemorative postage stamp. It featured the logo of the theatre, the dates 1945–1995, and an image of Kapoor. The first day cover, (stamped 15-1-95), showed an illustration of a performance of a travelling theatre in progress, on a stage that seems fit for a travelling theatre, as Prithvi theatre was for sixteen years, until 1960. On the occasion of 100 years of the Indian cinema, another postage stamp, bearing his likeness, was released by India Post on 3 May 2013.

Later years
His filmography of this period includes Mughal-e-Azam (1960), where he gave his most memorable performance as the Mughal emperor Akbar, which earned him a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor, Harishchandra Taramati (1963) in which he played the lead role, an unforgettable performance as Porus in Sikandar-e-Azam (1965), and the stentorian grandfather in Kal Aaj Aur Kal (1971), in which he appeared with his son Raj Kapoor and grandson Randhir Kapoor.

Kapoor starred in the legendary religious Punjabi film Nanak Nam Jahaz Hai (1969), a film so revered in Punjab that there were lines many kilometres long to purchase tickets.

He also starred in the Punjabi films Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar (1970) and Mele Mittran De (1972).

He also acted in the Kannada film Sakshatkara (1971), directed by Kannada director Puttanna Kanagal. He acted as Dr. Rajkumar's father in the film.

Awards and honours
In 1954, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, and in 1969, the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India. He remained Nominated Rajya Sabha Member for eight years.

He was posthumously awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 1971. He was the third recipient of that award, the highest accolade in Indian cinema.

Awards

 * 1954: Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship by the Sangeet Natak Akademi
 * 1956: Sangeet Natak Akademi Award by the Sangeet Natak Akademi
 * 1961: Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Mughal-e-Azam
 * 1969: Padma Bhushan by the Government of India
 * 1972: Dadasaheb Phalke Award (Posthumous) for the year 1971, for his immense contribution to Indian theatre and cinema
 * 1972: Filmfare Special Award (Special Commendation)

Personal life
Kapoor was aged 17 when he was married to the 15-year-old Ramsarni Mehra, a girl of his own community and similar background, in a match arranged by their parents. The marriage was harmonious and conventional and lasted all their lives. In fact, the wedding had been held even earlier, a few years prior to this, and it was the gauna ceremony (farewell) which was celebrated when Ramsarni reached the age of 15 and became old enough to leave her parents and reside with her husband and in-laws. Ramsarni's brother, Jugal Kishore Mehra, would later enter films.

The couple's eldest child, Raj Kapoor, was born the following year in Peshawar, North West Frontier Province, on 14 December 1924; making Prithviraj a father at age 18. By the time Prithviraj moved to Bombay City, Bombay Presidency in 1927, the couple were the parents of three children. In 1930, Ramsarni joined Prithviraj in Bombay. The following year, while she was pregnant for the fourth time, two of their sons died in the space of one terrible week. One of their children, Devinder (called Devi), died of double-pneumonia, while the other child, Ravinder (called Binder or Bindie), died of poisoning in a freak incident when he swallowed rat-poison pills strewn in the garden.

The couple went on to have three more children: sons Shamsher Raj (Shammi) and Balbir Raj (Shashi) (who were to become famous actors and filmmakers in their own right), and daughter, Urmila Sial.

After his retirement, Prithviraj settled in a cottage called Prithvi Jhonpra near Juhu Beach, West Bombay. The property was on lease, which was bought by Shashi Kapoor, and later converted into a small, experimental theatre, the Prithvi Theatre. Both Prithviraj and Ramsarni had cancer and died 16 days apart. Prithviraj died on 29 May 1972 and Ramsarni died on 14 June 1972.

A Samadhi (memorial) of Raj Kapoor at their family farm "Rajbaugh", which means the "king of gardens", also houses Privthiraj Kapoor and his wife's memorial. Rajbaugh lies on the banks of Mula-Mutha River in Loni Kalbhor village 30 km east of Pune in Maharshtra. Kapoor family sold part of 125 acres Rajbaugh to MIT World Peace University (MIT WPU) which built and houses the memorial for the Kapoor family on its campus. It has 7 pagodas and a viewing gallery which displays the Kapoor family photographs. Raj Kapoor shot many of his films at this farm, including Satyam Shivam Sundaram, Mera Naam Joker, Bobby, and Prem Rog among others. Kapoor's family bungalow inside the farm has been preserved; the popular song "Hum Tum Ek Kamre Mein Band Ho" was shot inside this bungalow. . He shared a great friendship with the Hindi Literature stalwart Harivansh Rai Bachchan.

Selected filmography

 * Be Dhari Talwar (1929)
 * Cinema Girl (1930)
 * Sher-e-Arab (1930)
 * Prince Vijaykumar (1930)
 * Alam Ara (1931)
 * Draupadi (1931) - Arjuna
 * Golibar (1931)
 * Toofan (1931)
 * Blood Feuds (1931)
 * Namak Haram Kon (1931)
 * Dagabaz, Ashiq (1932)
 * Rajrani Meera (1933) - Rana Kumbh, King of Chitor
 * Ramayan (1933)
 * Seeta (1934) - Ram
 * Daku Mansoor (1934)
 * Inquilab (1935)
 * Manzil (1936) - Suresh
 * Vidyapati (1937) - King Shiva Singha
 * Anath Ashram (1937) - Ranjit
 * Milap (1937)
 * President (1937) - Dewan Prithviraj
 * Abhagin (1938) - Promode
 * Dharti Mata (1938)
 * Dushman (1938)
 * Adhuri Kahani (1939) - Somnath
 * Sapera (1939)
 * Pagal (1940) - Dr. Vasant
 * Sajani (1940) - Nanda
 * Dipak Mahal (1940)
 * Deepak (1940)
 * Chingari (1940)
 * Aaj Ka Hindustan (1940)
 * Raj Nartaki (1941) - Prince Chandrakriti (Hindi version)
 * Sikandar (1941) - Alexander the Great
 * Ujala (1942)
 * Chauranghee (1942)
 * Ek Raat (1942)
 * Gauri (1943)
 * Aankh Ki Sharm (1943)
 * Ishara (1943)
 * Bhalai (1943)
 * Vish Kanya (1943)
 * Maharathi Karna (1944) - Karna
 * Phool (1945)
 * Vikramaditya (1945) - Vikramaditya
 * Devdasi (1945)
 * Shri Krishn Arjun Yuddha (1945)
 * Valmiki (1946)
 * Prithviraj Samyogita (1946)
 * Azadi Ki Raah Par (1948)
 * Dahej (1950) - Thakur (Chanda's dad)
 * Hindustan Hamara (1950) - Himself
 * Awaara (1951) - Justice Raghunath
 * Anand Math (1952) - Satyananda
 * Insaan (1952)
 * Aag Ka Dariya (1953)
 * Chhatrapati Shivaji (1953)
 * Ehsan (1954)
 * Boot Polish (1954) - Self - ritual performed in the beginning of the movie (uncredited)
 * Shree 420 (1955) - Self - ritual performed in the beginning of the movie (uncredited)
 * Pardesi (1957) - Mehmud Gawan
 * Paisa (1957)
 * Ab Dilli Dur Nahin (1957) - Self - Ritual performed in the beginning of the movie (uncredited)
 * Lajwanti (1958)
 * Jagga Daku (1959)
 * Mughal-e-Azam (1960) - Emperor Akbar
 * Senapati (1961) - Senapati
 * Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya (1963) - Kunwar Saheb
 * Harishchandra Taramati (1963) - King Harishchandra
 * Rajkumar (1964) - Maharaja
 * Zindagi (1964) - Rai Bahadur Gangasaran
 * Jahan Ara (1964) - Shah Jahan
 * Gazal (1964) - Nawab Bakar Ali Khan
 * Janwar (1965) - Mr. Srivastava
 * Aasmaan Mahal (1965) - Asmaan
 * Khakaan (1965)
 * Sikandar-e-Azam (1965) - Porus
 * Lootera (1965) - Shah Zaman
 * Jahan Sati Wahan Bhagwan (1965) - Maharaja Karamdham
 * Shri Ram Bharat Milap (1965) - Raja Dashrath
 * Shankar Khan (1966) - Safdar Khan
 * Sher E Afghan (1966)
 * Yeh Raat Phir Na Aaygi (1966) - Professor
 * Daku Mangal Singh (1966)
 * Lal Bangla (1966) - Police Sub-Inspector
 * Love And Murder (1966) - Inspector
 * Insaaf (1966) - Judge
 * Shamsheer (1967)
 * Rustom Sohrab (1967) - Rustom Zabuli
 * Shamsher (1967)
 * Teen Bahuraniyan (1968) - Dinanath
 * Balram Shri Krishna (1968)
 * Bambai Raat Ki Bahon Mein (1968) - Himself
 * Nai Zindagi (1969)
 * Nanak Naam Jahaz Hai (1969, Punjabi movie) - Gurmukh Singh
 * Insaf Ka Mandir (1969) - Judge
 * Bombay by Nite (1969) - Lalaji
 * Sati Sulochana (1969) - Param Shivbhakt Lankeshwar Ravan
 * Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar (1970, Punjabi movie) - Giani
 * Heer Raanjha (1970) - The King
 * Ek Nannhi Munni Ladki Thi (1970)
 * Gunah Aur Kanoon (1970) - Jamnadas
 * Sher E Watan (1971) - Baadshah Hanibaal
 * Padosi (1971)
 * Kal Aaj Aur Kal (1971) - Diwan Bahadur Kapoor
 * Sakshatkara (1971, Kannada) - Bhoopalayya
 * Baankelal (1972)
 * Naag Panchami (1972) - Maharaj Chandradhar
 * Mele Mitran De (1972, Punjabi movie)
 * Naya Nasha (1973) - Rana
 * Judaai (1980)
 * Chhatrapati Shivaji (2017) - Raja Jaisingh (final film role)

title: Prithviraj Kapoor


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Nisga'a

The Nisga’a (Niska ), often formerly spelled Nishga or Niska and spelled in the Nisga'a language as Nisg̱a’a (pronounced ), are an Indigenous people in British Columbia, Canada. They reside in the Nass River valley of northwestern British Columbia. The origin of the term Niska is uncertain. The spelling Nishga is used by the Nishga Tribal Council, and some scholars claim that the term means 'people of the Nass River'. The name is a reduced form of, which is a loan word from Tongass Tlingit, where it means 'people of the Nass River'.

The official languages of Nisg̱a’a are the Nisg̱a’a language and English.

Society
Nisga’a society is organized into four tribes:
 * Ganhada (G̱anada, Raven)
 * Gispwudwada (Gisḵ’aast, Killer Whale)
 * Laxgibuu (Lax̱gibuu, Wolf)
 * Laxsgiik (Lax̱sgiik, Eagle)

Each tribe is further sub-divided into house groups – extended families with same origins. Some houses are grouped together into clans – grouping of houses with same ancestors. Example:
 * Lax̱gibuu Tribe (Wolf Tribe)
 * Gitwilnaak’il Clan (People Separated but of One)
 * House of Duuḵ
 * House of K’eex̱kw
 * House of Gwingyoo

Traditional cuisine
The Nisga’a traditionally harvest "beach food" all year round. This might include razor clams, mussels, oysters, limpets, scallops, abalone, fish, seaweed and other seafood that can be harvested from the shore. They also harvest salmon, cod, char, pike, trout and other freshwater fish from the streams, and hunt seals, fish and sea lion. The grease of the oolichan fish (Thaleichthys pacificus) is sometimes traded with other tribes, though nowadays this is more usually in a ceremonial context. They hunt mountain goat, marmot, game birds and more in the forests. The family works together to cook and process the meat and fish, roasting or boiling the former. They eat fish and sea mammals in frozen, boiled, dried or roasted form. The heads of a type of cod, often gathered half-eaten by sharks, are boiled into a soup that, according to folklore, helps prevent colds. The Nisga′a also trade dried fish, seal oil, fish oil, blubber and cedar.

Traditional houses
The traditional houses of the Nisga’a are shaped as large rectangles, made of cedar planks with cedar shake roofs, and oriented with the doors facing the water. The doors are usually decorated with the family crest. Inside, the floor is dug down to hold the hearth and conserve temperature. Beds and boxes of possessions are placed around the walls. Prior to the mid-twentieth century, around three or four extended families might live in one house; this is nowadays an uncommon practice. Masks and blankets might decorate the walls.

Traditional clothing
Prior to European colonization, men wore nothing in the summer, normally the best time to hunt and fish. Women wore skirts made of softened cedar bark and went topless. During the colder season, men wore cedar bark skirts (shaped more like a loincloth), a cape of cedar bark, and a basket hat outside in the rain, but wore nothing inside the house. Women wore basket hats and cedar blankets indoors and outdoors. Both sexes made and wore shell and bone necklaces. They rubbed seal blubber into their hair, and men kept their hair long or in a top knot. During warfare, men wore red cedar armour, a cedar helmet, and cedar loincloths. They wielded spears, clubs, harpoons, bows and slings. Wicker shields were common.

Geography
Approximately 2,000 people live in the Fudhu Valley. Another 5,000 Nisga’a live elsewhere in Canada, predominantly within the three urban societies noted in the section below.

Nisgaʼa villages
The Nisga’a people number about 7,000. In British Columbia, the Nisga’a Nation is represented by four villages:

 * Gitlaxtʼaamiks (formerly New Aiyansh) – nearly 800
 * Gitwinksihlkw (formerly Canyon City) – approximately 200
 * Lax̱g̱altsʼap (formerly Greenville) – more than 500
 * Ging̱olx (formerly Kincolith) – almost 400

Nisgaʼa diaspora
Many Nisga’a people have moved to cities for their opportunities. Concentrations are found in three urban areas outside traditional Nisga’a territory:

 * Terrace
 * Prince Rupert/Port Edward
 * Vancouver – there are approximately 1,500 Nisgaʼa in Vancouver, and others elsewhere in the Lower Mainland.

Nisga’a calendar/life
The Nisga’a calendar revolves around harvesting of foods and goods used. The original year followed the various moons throughout the year.
 * Hobiyee: Like a Spoon (February/March). This is the traditional time to celebrate the new year, also known as Hoobiyee. (Variations of spelling include: Hoobiyee, Hobiiyee, Hoobiiyee)
 * X̱saak: To Eat Oolichan (March). The oolichan return to the Nass River the end of February/beginning of March. They are the first food harvested after the winter, which marks the beginning of the harvesting year.
 * Mmaal: To Use Canoes Again (April). The ice begins to break on the river, allowing for canoes to be used again
 * Yansa’alt: Leaves Are Blooming (May). The leaves begin to flourish once again
 * Miso’o: Sockeye Salmon (June). Sockeye salmon are harvested
 * X̱maay: To Eat Berries (July). various berries are harvested
 * Wii Hoon: Great Salmon (August). Great amounts of salmon are harvested
 * Genuugwiikw: Trail of the Marmot (September). Small game such as marmots are hunted
 * X̱laaxw: To Eat Trout (October). Trout are the main staple for this month
 * Gwilatkw: To Blanket (November). The earth is "Blanketed" with snow
 * Luut’aa: To Sit (December). The sun is sitting in one spot
 * Ḵ’aliiyee: To Walk North (January). This time of year, the sun begins to go north (K’alii) again
 * Buxwlaks: To Blow Around (February). Blow around refers to the amount of wind during this time of year

Treaty
On August 4, 1998, a land-claim was settled between the Nisga’a, the government of British Columbia, and the Government of Canada. As part of the settlement in the Nass River valley, nearly 2,000 km2 of land was officially recognized as Nisga’a, and a 300,000 dam3 water reservation was also created. Bear Glacier Provincial Park was also created as a result of this agreement. The land-claim's settlement was the first formal treaty signed by a First Nation in British Columbia since the Douglas Treaties in 1854 (Vancouver Island) and Treaty 8 in 1899 (northeastern British Columbia). The land owned collectively is under internal pressures from the Nisga'a people to turn it over into a system of individual ownership. This would have an effect on the rest of Canada in regards to First Nations lands.

History
The Tseax Cone in a valley above and east of the Ksi Sii Aks (formerly Tseax River) was the source for an eruption during the 18th century that killed approximately 2,000 Nisga’a people from poisonous volcanic gases.

Government
The government bodies of the Nisgaʼa include the Nisgaʼa Lisims government, the government of the Nisgaʼa Nation, and the Nisgaʼa village governments, one for each of the four Nisgaʼa villages. The Nisgaʼa Lisims government is in the Nisgaʼa Lisims Government Building in Gitlaxt'aamiks.

Museum
In 2011 the Nisg̱aʼa Museum, a project of the Nisga'a Lisims government, opened in Lax̱g̱altsʼap. It contains many historical artifacts of the Nisga'a people returned after many decades in major museums beyond the Nass Valley.

Prominent Nisga’a

 * Jordan Abel, poet
 * Frank Arthur Calder, Sim'oogit Wii Lisims hereditary chief, treaty negotiator, rights activist, legislator, president emeritus Nisga'a Lisims Government
 * Joseph Gosnell, hereditary chief Sim'oogit Hleek, treaty negotiator, former President Nisga'a Lisims Government
 * Norman Tait, hereditary chief – Sim'oogit G̱awaaḵ of wilp Luuya'as, master carver
 * Ron Telek, of Laxsgiik wilp Luuya'as, carver
 * Larry McNeil, Tlingit-Nisga'a photographer
 * Da-ka-xeen Mehner, Tlingit/Nisga'a photographer and installation artist

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nisga'a


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Ricky Wilson (guitarist)

Ricky Helton Wilson (March 19, 1953 – October 12, 1985) was an American musician best known as the original guitarist and founding member of rock band the B-52s. Born in Athens, Georgia, Wilson was the brother of fellow member Cindy Wilson. The B-52s were founded in 1976, when Ricky, Cindy, Kate Pierson, Keith Strickland and Fred Schneider shared a tropical flaming volcano drink at a Chinese restaurant and, after an impromptu music session at the home of their friend Owen Scott III, played for the first time at a Valentine's Day party for friends. Wilson's unusual guitar tunings were a large contribution to the band's quirky sound.

On October 12, 1985, at the age of 32, Wilson died from complications related to AIDS following the recording of the band's fourth studio album Bouncing Off the Satellites. According to Strickland, the album had been completed and mixed before Wilson's death, with only the cover art not yet designed (an illustration by Kenny Scharf was ultimately decided upon). Devastated, the band went into seclusion and did not tour to promote the album, though they did several photo shoots and TV appearances and filmed a video for "Girl from Ipanema Goes to Greenland".

In addition to his work with the B-52s, Wilson played the guitar on the song "Breakin' in My Heart" on Tom Verlaine's self-titled debut album in 1979. This was his only non-B-52s appearance on record. He also appeared in various films, notably One Trick Pony. Posthumously, he also appeared in Athens, GA: Inside/Out, The B-52s 1979–1989, and The B-52s Time Capsule: Videos for a Future Generation 1979–1998 through archival footage.

Rolling Stone named Wilson the 247th greatest guitarist of all time in 2023.

Early life
Wilson was born on March 19, 1953, to Bobby Jack Wilson, a fireman and a veteran of the United States Army, and Linda J. Wilson (née Mairholtz), in Athens, Georgia. He was the elder brother of Cindy Wilson. At an early age, Wilson developed an interest in music and learned how to play folk guitar from the NET series Learning Folk Guitar. Upon entering Clarke Central High School, Wilson had upgraded to a Silvertone guitar and, to tape his music, purchased a two-track tape recorder with money earned from a summer job at the local landfill.

In mid-1969, Wilson met former Comer resident Keith Strickland at the local head shop The Looking Glass. The two shared common interests in music and Eastern mysticist culture and quickly became friends.

Wilson quietly came out as gay to Strickland while the two were in their teens, becoming the first member of the band to do so.

1970–1976: Black Narcissus
During mid-1969, both Wilson and Strickland collaborated in writing and performing music, loosely calling themselves Loon, and aspired to perform live.

From 1969 to 1971, Wilson and Strickland collaborated with high school friends Pete Love of Louisville and Athens native Owen Scott III in performing together as the four-member band Black Narcissus.

Upon graduation from the University of Georgia in 1976, Wilson kept in touch with Strickland and they toured Europe, eventually returning and taking jobs at the Southeastern Stages bus station in Athens, Georgia where Strickland's father was the manager.

1976–1985: The B-52s
In late 1976, Strickland and Wilson returned to Athens in search of further employment. The two joined the B-52s when they, Wilson's sister Cindy, Kate Pierson, and Fred Schneider of local protest band the Sun-Donuts, formed the group in an impromptu musical practice session after sharing a tropical flaming volcano drink at a Chinese restaurant. They played their first concert in 1977 at a Valentine's Day party for friends. The band's quirky take on the new wave sound of their era was a combination of dance and surf music set apart by the unusual guitar tunings used by Wilson.

Wilson cited various children's records, the Mamas & the Papas, and Esquerita and the Voola as sources of inspiration in his musical career. Wilson also played the guitar on the song "Breakin' In My Heart" on Tom Verlaine's self-titled debut album.

Illness and death
In 1983, during recording sessions for the band's third studio album Whammy!, Wilson discovered he had contracted HIV. He confided his illness to Keith Strickland, as stated in several interviews including one with The Age. In 1985, during recording for their album Bouncing Off the Satellites, Wilson's illness became more severe; both Strickland and Pierson have stated that despite this, he kept his illness secret from the other members of the band. In an interview, Pierson stated that Wilson did so because he "did not want anyone to worry about him or fuss about him".

On October 12, 1985, in the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, Wilson died of AIDS, at the age of 32. He was buried in Oconee Hill Cemetery in Athens. Devastated, the band did little promotional work and did not tour to promote the album. Upon reforming in 1988, the band continued as a four-piece, with Strickland replicating Wilson's riffs from their earlier material in live performances.

title: Ricky Wilson (guitarist)


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Puerto Vallarta Squeeze

Puerto Vallarta Squeeze is a novel by Robert James Waller, which was made into a film in 2004. Originally published in 1995 and subtitled The Run for el Norte, this unlikely romance follows an American expatriate and his Mexican girlfriend on a road trip with a former Marine. The title itself may refer to the race-against-time journey that they take, which begins in Puerto Vallarta.

Plot summary
Former journalist Danny Pastor has relaxed in Puerto Vallarta over the past year with María de la Luz Santos, a 22-year-old woman whom he'd first met as a cantina waitress. They moved in together shortly thereafter, and Luz asked Danny to marry her, but he kept her at arms' length. One night when Luz went off by herself, she got pregnant by a drunken college student. Danny paid for her to have an abortion, and that incident made up his mind about her.

One night as they relaxed in the El Niño cantina, Danny heard a gunshot and rushes outside to see two men dead. One was an American Navy officer, and the other was a software engineer ready to sell his company's work on failure analysis to the Taiwanese government. Back at their apartment, Danny and Luz met a man who identifies himself as "Peter Schumann" and needs to get north of the Rio Grande quickly. Paying Danny five thousand in cash, Schumann arranges his passage in a rusting Ford Bronco named Vito. The film adaptation featured a Jeep Wagoneer instead of a Ford Bronco.

Unaware at first of the nature of their journey, Luz wants to go with them to see her grandparents' graves along the coast. When she met with them for the trip, Luz wore blue jeans and a shirt that read "Puerto Vallarta Squeeze" with two halves of a lime dripping down the center. Danny saw in the story of this trip a great opportunity for a literary comeback. As they travelled north, Danny, Luz, and Schumann evade American military and Mexican authorities. Schumann later revealed that he's really former Marine sniper turned mercenary Clayton Price; he was commissioned to kill the engineer, but he took his job personally when he shot the naval officer. During the Vietnam War, Price was abandoned behind enemy lines by the officer who commanded the helicopter.

After commandeering the backroads of rural Mexico, Price arranged to have a helicopter meet him near an abandoned silver mine at Zapata. After a fiesta the night before, Luz decided to go with Price because she's fallen in love with him. As Price put it, "I'm not sure I'm capable of loving at all. But, Danny, you love too timidly.  I'm not sure which is worse.  You have this offhand way of treating her most of the time, as if she's a partially reformed street whore. . . . She told me about her past.  She says I treat her with respect.  You figure it out."

In a standoff with authorities, Price and Luz are killed. Danny heads back to Puerto Vallarta through Mazatlán, but he's arrested when the gun Price used in the double murder is found behind his apartment's toilet. Despite the evidence being circumstantial, Danny serves seventeen months of a ten-year prison sentence before he's released with a one-way ticket to Laredo. Although ordered never to return to Mexico again, Danny does so to find Price and Luz's graves in the Zapata cemetery. Price's marker was removed, but Danny exhumed Luz's coffin and reburied it in Celaya, where her grandparents were buried. During his time in prison, Danny wrote a manuscript about his adventures with Price and Luz as they rode north, but he never saw it again.

Characters

 * Clayton Price
 * Walter McGrane
 * Danny Pastor
 * Maria de la Luz Santos
 * Agent Neil Weatherford

Miscellaneous
As an acknowledgment, the author claims he first heard this story from his wife, who heard it in Puerto Vallarta.

Characters from Waller's other novels make cameos in Puerto Vallarta Squeeze. When Luz flashes back to her childhood in Ceylaya, a gringo photographer bearing a strong resemblance to Robert Kincaid from The Bridges of Madison County takes photos of her working in the fields and sends her a copy of one. When Danny, Luz, and Price arrive in Zapata, Price gets a drink from the bar and barely recognizes another Marine. When the Marine goes off with his partner, he's referred to as "Jack" and is told to stop pining over "Linda". Carmine Jack and Linda Lobo are two prominent characters from Waller's novel Border Music.

Much of the background information of the character Price come from the real life Vietnam Era Marine Sniper Carlos Hathcock, whose legendary career in Vietnam has been the basis for 4 non-fiction novels. Several of Price's stories, told first hand, seem to come directly from Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills by Charles W. Henderson.

An interesting characterization of the "Killer" is that he is developed as a psychopath. He feels that he was abandoned as a child. He seems to justify his need to kill through some of rationization of those innate feelings.

Motion picture
In 2003, Puerto Vallarta Squeeze was made into a motion picture. Adapted for the screen by Richard Alfieri, it was directed by Arthur Allan Seidelman, and starred Harvey Keitel, Scott Glenn, and Jonathan Brandis (in his last role before his death in 2003). Vikki Carr also appears and sings in Spanish.

Album
In 1996, Willie & Lobo compiled an album of their music, The Music of Puerto Vallarta Squeeze, to accompany the book. The artists' music is a blend of sounds, Gypsy, Latin, Celtic, Flamenco, Middle Eastern, Rock, Jazz, Cuban Swing, Tango and Salsa, loosely labeled New Flamenco.

title: Puerto Vallarta Squeeze


text:
Category:Toyama Prefecture

Toyama Prefecture (富山県; Toyama-ken) is a prefecture located in the Chūbu region on Honshū island, Japan. The capital is the city of Toyama.

title: Category:Toyama Prefecture


text: Template:Campaignbox Demonstration on the Rapidan River


text:
Talk:Philadelphia Highway Patrol

Unit
A police buff here, but not from Philadelphia; anyone with more info on this unit is encouraged to lengthen the article, especially in regards to the HP's status as a hyper-elite unit in the 1960s and its present-day status. The PPD website gives no information on this unit -- is it more secretive now, or possibly defunct? Sol. v. Oranje 20:39, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Highway still exists, it is listed on the PPD site. I don't much about them either except their cars were numbered beginning with X, and I think they used to be based out of the same building as the 7th. Rob Talk 04:34, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I read the article a little more closely, I don't know if the unit was disbanded. Rob Talk 04:36, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philadelphia Highway Patrol


text:
L'Express

L'Express (, stylized in all caps) is a French weekly news magazine headquartered in Paris. The weekly stands at the political centre-right in the French media landscape, and has a lifestyle supplement, L'Express Styles, and a job supplement, Réussir. Founded in 1953 by Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber and Françoise Giroud, L'Express would be considered France's first American-style news weekly. L'Express is one of the three major French news weeklies alongside Le Nouvel Obs and Le Point.

History and profile
L'Express was co-founded in 1953 by Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, future president of the Radical Party, and Françoise Giroud, who had earlier edited Elle and went on to become France's first minister of women's affairs in 1974 and minister of culture in 1976. L'Express' first issue was released on Saturday 16 May 1953, at the corner of the end of the Indochina War and the Algerian War which was about to break out. It was founded as a weekly supplement to the newspaper Les Échos.

The magazine was supportive of the policies of Pierre Mendès-France in Indochina and, in general, had a left-of-centre orientation. The magazine opposed the Algerian War, and especially the use of torture. In March 1958, as a result of an article of Jean-Paul Sartre reviewing the book La Question by Henri Alleg, the magazine was prevented from being published by the French Government. In order to resume publication, L'Express had to print a new issue without the incriminated article. François Mauriac was a regular contributor with his Bloc-Notes column but left L'Express when Charles De Gaulle returned to power.

In 1964, L'Express was modelled on the US magazine Time and the German magazine Der Spiegel. That same year, a number of journalists, including Jean Daniel and André Gorz, quit L'Express to found Le Nouvel Observateur. Servan-Schreiber turned L'Express into a less politically engaged publication, and the circulation rose from 150,000 to 500,000 copies in three years. The magazine's sales surged in 1965 with its investigation into the Ben Barka case, which had shaken the Gaullist government.

In 1971, as a result of Servan-Schreiber's political activities as a deputy of the Radical Party, nine journalists of L'Express, including Claude Imbert, left the magazine and created Le Point to counter what they perceived as the "current breed of French intellectuals in the press and elsewhere, with their leftist dogmas and complacent nihilism". Journalist Philippe Grumbach, who, after joining the magazine in 1954, had left in 1963 to pursue independent work, was appointed political editor. He left in 1978. Earlier in 1977, Servan-Schreiber sold his magazine to Jimmy Goldsmith.

Jean-François Revel became director in October 1978. He was replaced by Yves Cuau in May 1981. The same year the magazine had a circulation of 507,000 copies. In 1986, L'Express started a news exchange cooperation with the Belgium-based French language news magazine Le Vif/L’Express. In 1987, L'Express had a circulation of 555,000 copies and 554,000 copies in 1988. The same year the magazine was sold to C. G. E. Yann de l'Ecotais became the new director and served in the post until 1994, when he was replaced by Christine Ockrent. In 1995, L'Express was sold to CEP communications, a filial of Havas, and Denis Jeambar became the new director. On 22 April 1996, Christophe Barbier began working for the magazine as editor-in-chief of the political department.

In 1998, after Vivendi took control of Havas, the magazine returned under its control. After the collapse of Vivendi, L'Express was sold in 2002 to Socpresse (80% owned by Dassault Group). From 2001 to 2002, L'Express had a circulation of 424,000 copies. It was 548,195 copies between 2003 and 2004. L'Express was acquired by Roularta Media Group in 2006. The same year the circulation of the magazine was 547,000 copies. Barbier was the editorial director from 2006 to 2016.

In 2014, Roularta sold L'Express to Franco-Israeli billionaire and media entrepreneur Patrick Drahi, founder and owner of Altice. The magazine had lost several million euros due to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. After buying 51% of the capital (the rest remaining in the hands of Altice), Alain Weill revitalized L'Express in 2020 by emulating the approach of The Economist. Weill refocused the magazine on four themes: international, economics, politics, and ideas. New columnists were hired, such as Marion Van Renterghem (renowned reporter and specialized in the European field), Jean-Laurent Cassely (writer and journalist discussing sociological and urban issues), Jean-Marc Jancovici (engineer, pro-nuclear, and "pioneer of the climate cause"), Robin Rivaton (liberal essayist, close to Bruno Le Maire and Valérie Pécresse), and Emmanuelle Mignon (ex-director of Nicolas Sarkozy's cabinet at the Élysée Palace). Slowly relaunching the magazine, Weill decided to drop the entertainment news section and focus on an audience of lawyers, business executives, physicians, pharmacists, teachers, and students.

In 2021, between 65 and 67 journalists worked for L'Express out of a total of 120 employees. L'Express is published weekly.

Journalists

 * Raymond Aron
 * Christophe Barbier
 * Albert Camus
 * Madeleine Chapsal
 * Michèle Cotta
 * Franz-Olivier Giesbert
 * André Gorz
 * Danièle Heymann
 * Jean-François Kahn
 * Christian Makarian
 * François Mauriac
 * Catherine Nay
 * Jean-François Revel

Collaborators

 * André Malraux
 * Jean-Paul Sartre

title: L'Express


text:
Josh McDowell

Joslin "Josh" McDowell (born August 17, 1939) is an evangelical Christian apologist and evangelist. He is the author or co-author of over 150 books.

In 2006, his book Evidence That Demands a Verdict was ranked 13th in Christianity Today's list of most influential evangelical books published after World War II. Other well-known titles are More Than a Carpenter, A Ready Defense and Right from Wrong.

Family and education
McDowell was born in Union City, Michigan, in 1939 with the given name Joslin. He is one of five children born to Wilmot McDowell. Biographer Joe Musser indicates that McDowell struggled with low self-esteem in his youth, as his father was an alcoholic and abusive. McDowell also revealed he was sexually abused repeatedly as a child by a farm hand, Wayne Bailey, from the age of 6 to 13. He enlisted in the Air National Guard, received basic training and assumed duties in mechanical maintenance of aircraft. After sustaining a head injury he was discharged from the service.

He initially intended to pursue legal studies culminating in a political career, and began preparatory studies at Kellogg Community College, a two-year junior college in Battle Creek, Michigan. According to McDowell, he was an agnostic at college when he decided to prepare a paper that would examine the historical evidence of the Christian faith in order to disprove it. However, he converted to Christianity, after, as he says, he found evidence for it, not against it. He subsequently enrolled at Wheaton College where he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then studied at Talbot Theological Seminary of Biola University. He completed an exit paper examining the theology of Jehovah's Witnesses and was awarded the Master of Divinity degree, graduating magna cum laude.

Josh McDowell married Dottie Youd, with whom he has four children and ten grandchildren; they live in California. His son, Sean, is also a Christian apologist and Associate Professor at Biola University.

Career and ministry
In 1964, he became a traveling representative of Campus Crusade for Christ International, a parachurch ministry that operates student chapters on university and college campuses established by the late Bill Bright in the 1950s. To this day, his close affiliation with the organization continues.

McDowell's full-time ministry with Campus Crusade for Christ began with his appointment as a campus speaker in Latin America, where he interacted with both Marxist and Fascist student groups. He subsequently returned to North America where he became known as an itinerant speaker addressing campus groups about the Christian faith.

Part of his speaking ministry has focused on youth issues in relationships and sexual mores and is reflected in seminars such as "Maximum Sex" and the "Why Wait?" campaign that encourages sexual abstinence before marriage. Other facets of his speaking ministry and writing have focused on issues of self-esteem (His Image, My Image), and developing faith and character (Evidence for Joy). In the 1980s he also co-ordinated a three-month residential discipleship program in a retreat center called The Julian Center, near San Diego.

Critical race theory comments
McDowell came under criticism for remarks he made on September 18, 2021, at the American Association of Christian Counselors World Conference. In discussing Critical Race Theory, McDowell said, "I do not believe Blacks, African Americans, and many other minorities have equal opportunity. Why? Most of them grew up in families where there is not a big emphasis on education, security — you can do anything you want. You can change the world. If you work hard, you will make it. So many African Americans don't have those privileges like I was brought up with." McDowell apologized for his remarks the following day.

Method of apologetics
As a practitioner of Christian apologetics, McDowell's writings have concentrated on addressing challenges to belief, questions posed by non-Christians, doubts about faith, and non-Christian religions. McDowell tends to present positive arguments to commend belief in Jesus Christ by emphasizing historical and legal proofs to establish the authenticity of the biblical texts and the divinity of Christ.

In books such as Evidence That Demands a Verdict, The Resurrection Factor, and He Walked Among Us, McDowell arranges his arguments by laying out a cumulative case of evidence, such as archaeological discoveries, the extant manuscripts of the biblical texts, fulfilled prophecies, and the miracle of the resurrection. In More Than A Carpenter he blends historical arguments with legal argumentation concerning the direct witness and circumstantial evidences for Jesus' life and resurrection. He employed a similar line of argument in his debate titled 'Was Christ Crucified?' with the South African Muslim Ahmed Deedat in Durban during August 1981. McDowell says that the "evidence for Christianity in the Scriptures is not exhaustive, but it is sufficient."

Other foci of his apologetics have included challenging the methodology, assumptions and conclusions drawn in higher criticism of the Old Testament and form and redaction criticism of the gospels. His work in this area has consisted of a popular summary of scholarly debate, particularly from Evangelical discussions about higher critical theories. In the late 1980s and into the 1990s his apologetic writings interacted with challenges expressed in popular books like The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, The Lost Years of Jesus, and the writings of the humanist George A. Wells.

He has also collated apologetic arguments concerning the doctrine of Christ's deity as in Jesus: A Biblical Defense of His Deity. In two companion volumes he and his colleague Don Stewart have addressed popular questions and objections to faith concerning biblical inerrancy and Bible discrepancies, Noah's Flood, and creation versus evolution.

McDowell and Stewart have also popularized the arguments of other apologists in the Christian countercult movement, particularly the work of Walter Martin, in the Handbook of Today's Religions. In their criticisms of cults and occult beliefs McDowell and Stewart concentrate on doctrinal apologetic questions, especially pertaining to the deity of Christ, and pointing out heretical beliefs in the religious groups they profile which they consider to be unorthodox.

McDowell's approach to apologetics falls under what Protestant theologians classify as "classical" and "evidential." In either of these approaches to Christian apologetics, it is assumed that arguments defending the Christian faith can legitimately be directed to both believers and unbelievers because the human mind is viewed as able to comprehend certain truths about God. Presuppositional apologetics, on the other hand, questions this methodology by arguing that since unbelievers partially suppress and resist the truth about God (as Paul states in Romans 1:18–20), the problem of unbelief is also an ethical choice and not simply a lack of evidence.

Works by McDowell

 * Evidence That Demands A Verdict, First published 1972. Revised Edition, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1979.
 * More Than A Carpenter, Tyndale House, Wheaton, Illinois, 1977.
 * Daniel in the Critics' Den, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1979.
 * Answers to Tough Questions, with Don Stewart, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1980.
 * Givers, Takers and Other Kinds of Lovers, with Paul Lewis, Tyndale House, Wheaton, 1980.
 * Reasons Skeptics Should Consider Christianity, with Don Stewart, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1981.
 * More Evidence That Demands A Verdict, Revised edition, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1981.
 * The Resurrection Factor, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1981.
 * Prophecy: Fact or Fiction, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1981.
 * The Myths of Sex Education, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1981.
 * Guide To Understanding Your Bible, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1982.
 * Understanding Secular Religions, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1982.
 * Understanding Non-Christian Religions, with Don Stewart, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1982.
 * The Islam Debate, with John Gilchrist, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1983.
 * Jesus: A Biblical Defense of His Deity, with Bart Larson, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1983.
 * Handbook of Today's Religions, with Don Stewart, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1983.
 * Evidence Growth Guide, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1983.
 * Evidence for Joy, with Dale Bellis, Word, Waco, 1984.
 * His Image, My Image, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1984.
 * The Secret of Loving, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1985.
 * Why Wait? with Dick Day, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, 1987.
 * How to Help Your Child Say "No" to Sexual Pressure, Word Books, 1987.
 * He Walked Among Us: Evidence for the Historical Jesus, with Bill Wilson, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1988.
 * Skeptics Who Demanded a Verdict, Tyndale House, Wheaton, 1989.
 * The Dad Difference, with Norm Wakefield, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1989.
 * A Ready Defense, Thomas Nelson, Nashville, Tennessee, 1990.
 * The Occult, with Don Stewart and Kurt Van Gorden, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, CA, 1992.
 * Don't Check Your Brains at the Door, Concordia Publishing House, 1992.
 * Right From Wrong, with Bob Hostetler, Word, Dallas, 1994.
 * The Father Connection: 10 Qualities of the heart that empower your children to make right choices, B&H Books, Nashville Tennessee 1996.
 * The One Year Book of Josh McDowell's Youth Devotions, with Bob Hostetler, Tyndale House, Wheaton, 1997.
 * New Evidence That Demands A Verdict, Word, Nashville, 1999.
 * See yourself as God sees you, Tyndale House Publishers, Wheaton, Illinois, 1999.
 * Disconnected Generation: Saving Our Youth From Self-Destruction, Word, Nashville, 2000.
 * Beyond Belief to Convictions, with Bob Hostetler, Tyndale House, Wheaton, 2002.
 * The Last Christian Generation, Green Key Books, Holiday, Florida, 2006.
 * The Da Vinci Code: A Quest For Answers, Green Key Books, Holiday, Florida, 2006. (free PDF book, 112 pp, ISBN 1-932587-80-2)
 * Evidence for the Resurrection, Regal Books, Ventura, California, 2009.
 * More Than A Carpenter, Tyndale, Wheaton, Illinois, 2009.
 * The Unshakable Truth: How You Can Experience the 12 Essentials of a Relevant Faith, Harvest House Publishers, 2010.
 * Evidence for the Historical Jesus: A Compelling Case for His Life and His Claims, Harvest House Publishers, 2011.
 * The Awesome Book of Bible Answers for Kids, with Kevin Johnson, 2011.
 * 77 FAQs About God and the Bible: Your Toughest Questions Answered, with Sean McDowell, 2012.
 * Straight Talk with Your Kids About Sex, with Dottie McDowell, 2012.
 * The Bible Handbook of Difficult Verses: A Complete Guide to Answering the Tough Questions, with Sean McDowell, 2013.
 * Understanding Islam and Christianity: Beliefs That Separate Us and How to Talk About Them, with Jim Walker, 2013.
 * 10 Commitments for Dads: How to Have an Awesome Impact on Your Kids, 2014.
 * 10 Ways to Say "I Love You": Embracing a Love That Lasts, 2015.
 * The Beauty of Intolerance: Setting a Generation Free to Know Truth and Love, with Sean McDowell, 2016.

Related works

 * Undaunted - The Early Life of Josh McDowell, 65 minute documentary written and directed by Cristóbal Krusen, 2011.
 * Josh: The Excitement of the Unexpected, by Joe Musser and Josh McDowell, Here's Life Publishers, San Bernardino, California, 1981. Also released under the title A Skeptic's Quest.

title: Josh McDowell


text:
Burden

Burden or burthen may refer to:

People

 * Burden (surname), people with the surname Burden

Places

 * Burden, Kansas, United States
 * Burden, Luxembourg

Films

 * Burden (2018 film), an American drama film
 * The Burden (film), a Swedish independent short film

Literature

 * The Burden, by Agatha Christie, 1956
 * The Burdens, a play by John Ruganda, 1972

Songs

 * "Burden", a single by Opeth from the album Watershed
 * "Burden", a 2019 song by Keith Urban
 * "Burden", a song by Tesseract from War of Being
 * "Burdens", a song by Kenny Wayne Shepherd from The Place You're In
 * "Burdens", a song by The Yawpers
 * "The Burden", an interlude by Memphis May Fire from the album The Hollow
 * "The Burden", a song by Trail of Tears from the album Disclosure in Red

Other uses in music

 * A drone (sometimes spelt bourdon or burdon) produced by certain instruments
 * Burden (or burthen), a refrain in English hymns and songs
 * Burdens (album), a 2006 album by Ava Inferi

Other uses

 * Burden, an old accounting term for overhead costs
 * Burden, in electrical engineering is the impedance presented to the secondary winding of a current transformer
 * Burden (or burthen), an old term for ship's tonnage of cargo carrying capacity, from the archaic "burthen" or "byrthen"
 * A legislative burden which regulatory reform aims to remove or reduce

title: Burden


text:
Burwell

Burwell may refer to:

People

 * Burwell (name)

Places

 * Burwell, Cambridgeshire
 * Burwell, Lincolnshire
 * Burwell, Nebraska
 * Burwell Creek, a stream in Georgia
 * The Burwell, an NRHP-listed high-rise in Knoxville, Tennessee

Ships

 * USS Laub (DD-263), a destroyer renamed HMS Burwell when she was transferred to the Royal Navy in World War II

Government

 * Sylvia Mathews Burwell (born 1965), United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, who due to that role, has been named as the defendant in several related lawsuits:
 * Burwell v. Hobby Lobby
 * King v. Burwell
 * Zubik v. Burwell

title: Burwell


text:
Butts

Butts may refer to:

People

 * Butts (surname)
 * Bob Butler (1891–1959), American gridiron football player
 * Butts Giraud (born 1946), Canadian gridiron football player, professional wrestler and businessman
 * Butts Wagner (1871–1928), American baseball player

United States

 * Butts, Georgia, a community in Jenkins County, Georgia
 * Butts, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Butts Bridge, in Canterbury, Connecticut
 * Butts County, Georgia, named after Samuel Butts
 * Butts County School District

United Kingdom

 * Butts Close, a park in Hitchin, Hertfordshire, England
 * Butts Ferry, a hand-operated pedestrian cable ferry in Exeter, Devon, England
 * The Butts Ground, a former cricket ground in Coventry, Warwickshire, England
 * Butts Junction, a former railway junction near Alton, Hampshire, England
 * Butts Lane Halt railway station, a former station in Blowick, Southport, Merseyside
 * Butts Park Arena, a multi-use sports stadium in Coventry, England
 * Butts Spur Line, an English former freight railway

Other

 * Butts Band, a British and American group formed by ex-Doors members
 * Butts: A Backstory, a 2022 microhistory by Heather Radke

title: Butts


text: Category:Magazines published in France

title: Category:Magazines published in France


text:
Caledonia Township

Caledonia Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

 * Caledonia Township, Boone County, Illinois
 * Caledonia Township, O'Brien County, Iowa
 * Caledonia Township, Alcona County, Michigan
 * Caledonia Township, Kent County, Michigan
 * Caledonia Township, Shiawassee County, Michigan
 * Caledonia Township, Houston County, Minnesota

title: Caledonia Township


text:
The Lion and the Witch

The Lion and the Witch is a live EP by American rock band Weezer. Recorded in Japan in the spring of 2002 while promoting Maladroit, released on September 24, 2002, exactly six years after the release of Pinkerton. It was distributed as a limited edition release in independently owned music stores with only 25,000 copies having been made. The album was then rereleased and remastered on vinyl in 2015, with only 3,000 copies made.

Like Maladroit the marketing of this EP caused a rift with Weezer's record label Geffen Records. The band wanted an eight-song EP with a unique packaging that would not involve crystal cases. Geffen told the band that the packaging idea was too expensive and the number of songs on the EP needed to be reduced from eight songs to six as to not upset the other retailers who would not be receiving the disc. The artwork and packaging stuck but the disc's length was reduced to six songs including a "hidden track": an instrumental track titled "Polynesia" that opens the disc.

Recording
While recording the EP, the band makes two errors on this live disc. Rivers Cuomo accidentally begins singing the third verse of "El Scorcho" during the second verse and Scott Shriner, who had been in the band for less than a year at the time of this show, forgets the words in the bridge to "Holiday," causing the other members of the band to crack up. After the performance is through, Cuomo muses "Scott just won a Grammy!" In addition to that error, the last track is thirty seconds shorter than what the band intended and there is a noticeable cut off on the finished disc. None of the music is missing, but there was more after-song commentary that the band wanted on the disc. The full version of this track was released shortly thereafter on the band's website in mp3 format.

Artwork
The cover art was designed by Los Angeles–based duo kozyndan. The liner notes of the album have a number of fan letters from Japanese Weezer fans in broken English. The notes also list production credits for Rupert Peasley, who is known among fans as the man on the couch on the cover of Maladroit, and E.O. Smith, which is a pseudonym for Rivers Cuomo, who went to E.O. Smith High School. Only 25,000 individually numbered copies of the disc were made apparently some fans have copies of the disc with numbers over 25,000. As noted at the band's website, the numbering was disrupted by printing difficulties with the cardboard sleeve.

Personnel

 * Rivers Cuomo – lead vocals, guitar
 * Patrick Wilson – drums
 * Brian Bell – guitar, backing vocals
 * Scott Shriner – bass, backing vocals

title: The Lion and the Witch


text: Template:Campaignbox Operations Against Plymouth


text:
Talk:New York City Police Department Highway Patrol

Learned of this unit after moving to New York, but feel there could be more info on it. Anyone familiar with the HP feel there's anything to add here? Sol. v. Oranje 20:41, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Directly Copied
A lot of the content on this page was directly copied from the NYPD Highway District Website. The article is great, so I don't want to change it...I just question whether or not we are allowed to do that. --Alphachimp 21:46, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

The Highway Patrol is not under the Patrol Services Bureau, it is under the Transportation Bureau.

 * The homepage for 'em shows the Patrol Services Bureau logo with "Highway District" -- is this incorrect? Bullneck 03:12, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

AUX HWY Section
Suggestion that the Auxilliary Highway Unit be moved from this page to the NYPD Auxilliary Police page, or brought down on this page deeming a lower priority in lieu for sworn officers. Hwy505 04:56, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I've no problem moving the Aux section down the page to better reflect on sworn HWY members. Is there a third in support? Sol. v. Oranje 19:53, 16 July 2007 (UTC)


text:
George Wunder

George S. Wunder (April 24, 1912 – December 13, 1987) was an American cartoonist best known for his 26 years illustrating the Terry and the Pirates comic strip.

Born in Manhattan, Wunder grew up in Kingston, New York. As a youth, he planned a career as a professional comics artist. Other than correspondence courses, including the International Correspondence School art course, he was a self-taught artist. At the age of 24, he began as a staff artist at the Associated Press, where he worked alongside illustrator Noel Sickles and sports cartoonist Tom Paprocki. At AP, Wunder illustrated fiction and various editorial cartoon features, such as "Can Hitler Beat the Russian Jinx?"

During World War II, he served in the Army from 1942 to 1946. Returning to the Associated Press after World War II, he drew the strip See for Yourself in 1946 for AP Newsfeatures.

Terry and the Pirates
In 1946, when Milton Caniff left Terry and the Pirates, there were about 100 artists who applied for the job, according to Caniff. Wunder submitted samples, and the Tribune-News Syndicate chose Wunder as Caniff's replacement (with former Caniff assistant Lee Elias a close runner-up). Wunder's first Terry and the Pirates appeared in newspapers on December 30, 1946, launching the story "Trouble in Tibet". Comics historian Don Markstein noted the transition:
 * Terry was left in the hands of George Wunder, a skilled cartoonist who maintained a high level of quality. But Caniff was a unique talent, and nobody could ever truly replace him. Terry Lee had joined the U.S. Air Force during World War II. Wunder left him there, and let him mature fully as an Air Force officer. During the Vietnam Era, military-oriented entertainment declined in popularity. The strip was discontinued in 1973. By that time, Wunder, too, had stopped doing it — although it still bore his byline, it was ghosted by Al Plastino, better known for his work on Superman. (Plastino was also handling the pantomime strip Ferd'nand, and later became Ernie Bushmiller's assistant on Nancy.)

Initially, Wunder drew the strip so it was similar to that of Caniff and Sickles, but he soon developed his own distinctive style. Hotshot Charlie, for example, was drawn in a more openly humorous manner than before. In 1953, Canada Dry offered a "premium giveaway" with a case of its ginger ale — one minibook in a trilogy series of Terry and the Pirates strips by Wunder, printed by Harvey Comics. Throughout the 1950s, the Sunday pages used color for psychological effect. One Wunder panel from that period has no blue or green shadows as one might expect; the panel was colored only with orange, red and yellow. In another, Terry is colored green in front, and his back is a yellow-orange. Wunder drew dramatic and highly detailed pictures, but comics historian Maurice Horn claimed it was difficult to tell one character from another and wrote that Wunder's stories lacked Caniff's essential humor. At the end of the 1950s, Hotshot Charlie was dropped from the strip, which was drawn and colored in a more sedate manner with careful attention to the airplanes flown by Terry Lee and his friends.

Writer-artist Bill Pearson noted that Wunder spent "decades producing a very solid adventure strip. He drew ugly people, even young women, which was certainly a curious trait, but he was one of the very best inkers in the business. His technique was flawless." With his clean and precise inking style, Wunder filled his panels with numerous foreground and background details, as landscape painter Bob Foster observed:
 * I read Wunder's Terry when I was a kid and even then was impressed by all the work he put into it. Every single panel was fully loaded with detailed backgrounds and detailed wrinkles, costumes and hairs, even on all the characters in the background, all the woodgrain in all the wood, and all those black shadows that lent an air of foreboding to each panel. I could never get over his 3/4 rear view of a character's eyeball straining to see something behind him. And all those overly bridged noses on both guys and gals all crying out for rhinoplasty. For many years I resented the overloaded panels and decided I didn't like Wunder's rendering of Terry and the Pirates. It was only in the last few years that I came to appreciate Wunder's work on Terry. One day I realized that he never cheated. He gave us everything in infinite detail in every panel and never deprived us of any wrinkles, bricks, tiles, leaves, woodgrain, fingernails, hairs, cloth patterns or buttons. Yeah, the look-alike facial features of all his characters in the later years of Terry was stylistic and bothersome, but he never cheated.

Assistants
In mid 1962 former EC Comics and Classics Illustrated artist George Evans came on board as Wunder's assistant on the daily strip. As Evans related in an interview in The Comics Journal #177 (May 1995), "George would lay out the strip, pencil and ink the characters' heads, and I would finish the strip." Evans said that during these years Wunder did the Sunday pages all himself. In the same interview he told how he had drawn a daily strip where a general's uniform varied from the way Wunder drew the character in the Sunday for that week, necessitating re-drawing parts of the Sunday. Evans offered to help, but Wunder wouldn't let him saying, "It wasn't your mistake." Then he dug out his electric eraser and went to work on the Sunday. Evans worked on the strip until it was cancelled in 1973. Other artists who stepped in to assist Wunder included Lee Elias, Russ Heath, Fred Kida, Don Sherwood, Frank Springer and Wally Wood.

Retirement
The strip was being carried in 100 newspapers when Wunder retired in 1973. The New York Daily News ran every Terry and the Pirates daily and Sunday except for the final three weeks by Wunder in 1973. At the time of his retirement, Wunder commented:
 * It's a strip I've enjoyed doing, but on the other hand, it has been, oh, a chore. The sheer mechanics of producing that much work week in and week out ties you down... Taste in strips seems to be changing. People just don't seem to follow continuity strips any more the way they used to. They get an average of three to four complete stories a night off the boob tube. There's no reason why they should hang around anywhere from eight to 12 weeks to find out just how one story came out."

When Wunder, who lived in Sherman, Connecticut, announced his retirement, the syndicate chose to cancel the strip on February 25, 1973. Wunder regarded the cancellation as a Vietnam War casualty, commenting, "The fighter pilot is no longer the glamorous, reckless defender of the free world against all comers. He's now the cold-blooded professional dropping napalm on women and children."

Death
Wunder died of a heart attack in the New Milford Hospital on Sunday, December 13, 1987, survived by his wife, Mildred, and his sister, Beatrice Bogert of Riverdale, New Jersey. At age 87, Mildred "Millie" A. Wunder (née Smith), who was known as "Mrs. Terry and the Pirates," died March 1, 2001, in Port St. Lucie, Florida after a short illness.

Our Guest Star
Wunder's Our Guest Star was a 1955 promotional strip featuring characters from Terry and the Pirates with cameo appearances by film stars and other celebrities.
 * January 27, 1955 (features Mary Martin)
 * April 19, 1955 (features Grace Kelly)
 * October 28, 1955 (features Robert Cummings)
 * December 29, 1955 (features Charlton Heston)

Awards
Wunder was a member of the Illustrators Club and the National Cartoonists Society. On June 11, 1963, he was honored by the United States Air Force with their Exceptional Service Award. In 1970, he received the National Cartoonists Society's Silver T-Square Award.

title: George Wunder


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Mark L. Walberg

Mark L. Walberg (born August 31, 1962) is an American actor, television personality, and game show host best known for hosting Antiques Roadshow, Temptation Island, and the game shows Russian Roulette on GSN and The Moment of Truth on Fox.

Career
From September 1995 to May 1996, Walberg hosted his own American syndicated tabloid talk show, The Mark Walberg Show.

Walberg is on the board of directors of Goodwill Southern California and the board of managers of the Hollywood/Wilshire YMCA. He plays on the World Poker Tour in the Hollywood Home Games for the Goodwill Industries of Southern California.

On the series finale episode (and also as an April Fools Day episode, as in which he is also a contestant in Lingo, playing for charity) on April 1, 2003, Walberg hosted Friend or Foe?. His other game shows included Russian Roulette, also on Game Show Network, who also appeared as an audience member in the April fools episode as a cameo, and the PAX-TV game show On the Cover.

He was slated to host a game show adaptation of the board game Trivial Pursuit: America Plays beginning in fall 2008. Although he hosted the pilot, he was unable to get out of his Fox contract and was replaced by Christopher Knight when the series debuted.

In 2010, Walberg hosted a series on CMT titled Your Chance to Dance.

Walberg was the host of two television shows. In 2006, he joined the PBS series, Antiques Roadshow. While staying with the show through many changes in formatting, he left the show after season 23 in 2019. The Game Plane, the first game show which is shot on an airplane in flight, debuted on Discovery Family channel in 2014.

In 2011, he made a cameo on West Coast Report. Walberg has also been a spokesperson for 23andMe.

He is the current host of Wheel of Fortune Live! and Temptation Island.

title: Mark L. Walberg


text:
Category:Yamagata Prefecture

Yamagata Prefecture (山形県; Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture located in the Tōhoku region on Honshū island, Japan. The capital is the city of Yamagata.

title: Category:Yamagata Prefecture


text: Template:Campaignbox Bermuda Hundred Campaign


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Mooers

Mooers may refer to:

People

 * Benjamin Mooers (1758–1838), American general from the American Revolution and New York state legislator
 * Calvin Mooers (1919–1994), American computer scientist known for his work in information retrieval and for the programming language TRAC

Places

 * Mooers, New York, a town named after Benjamin Mooers
 * Mooers (CDP), New York, a hamlet and census-designated place in the town

title: Mooers


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Dewclaw

A dewclaw is a digit – vestigial in some animals – on the foot of many mammals, birds, and reptiles (including some extinct orders, like certain theropods). It commonly grows higher on the leg than the rest of the foot, such that in digitigrade or unguligrade species, it does not make contact with the ground when the animal is standing. The name refers to the dewclaw's alleged tendency to brush dew away from grass. On dogs and cats, the dewclaws are on the inside of the front legs, similarly to a human's thumb, which shares evolutionary homology. Although many animals have dewclaws, other similar species do not, such as horses, giraffes and the African wild dog.

Dogs
Dogs almost always have dewclaws on the inside of the front legs and occasionally also on the hind legs. Unlike front dewclaws, rear dewclaws tend to have little bone or muscle structure in most breeds. It is normal, although not biologically necessary, that certain breeds will have more than one dewclaw on the same paw. One of these dewclaws will most likely be poorly connected to the leg, and is often surgically removed. When a dog has extra dewclaws in addition to the usual one on each front leg, the dog is said to be double dewclawed. For certain dog breeds, a dewclaw is considered a necessity, e.g., a Beauceron for sheep herding and for navigating snowy terrain. As such, there is some debate about whether a dewclaw helps dogs gain traction when they run because, in some dogs, the dewclaw makes contact when they are running and the nail on the dewclaw often wears down in the same way that the nails on their other toes do, from contact with the ground. In many dogs, the dewclaws never contact the ground. In this case, the dewclaw's nail never wears away, and it is often trimmed to maintain it at a safe length.

The dewclaws are not dead appendages. They can be used to lightly grip bones and other items that dogs hold with the paws. In some dogs, these claws may not appear to be connected to the leg at all except by a flap of skin; in such dogs, the claws do not have a use for gripping as the claw can easily fold or turn.

Rear dewclaws
Canids have four claws on the rear feet, although some domestic dog breeds or individuals have an additional claw, or more rarely two, as is the case with the Beauceron. A more technical term for these additional digits on the rear legs is hind-limb-specific preaxial polydactyly. Several genetic mechanisms can cause rear dewclaws; they involve the LMBR1 gene and related parts of the genome. Rear dewclaws often have no phalanx bones and are attached by skin only.

Dewclaw removal
There is some debate as to whether dewclaws should be surgically removed. The argument for removal states that dewclaws are a weak digit, barely attached to the leg, and thus they can rip partway off or easily catch on something and break, which can be painful and prone to infection. Dewclaw removal is most easily performed when the dog is young, around 2–5 days of age. It can also be performed on older dogs if necessary though the surgery may be more difficult then. The surgery is fairly straightforward and may be done with local anesthetics if the digit is not well connected to the leg. Many dogs cannot resist licking the surgery site in the weeks following the procedure, so an Elizabethan collar or bitterant may be used to curtail this behavior, thus preventing infection.

Some pups are commonly sold by breeders "dew-clawed", that is with the dewclaws removed (as by a veterinarian) for perceived health and safety reasons. A few breed standards, such as that for Portuguese Water Dogs, also call for it.

Dewclaws and locomotion
Based on stop-action photographs, veterinarian M. Christine Zink of Johns Hopkins University believes that the entire front foot, including the dewclaws, contacts the ground while running. During running, the dewclaw digs into the ground preventing twisting or torque on the rest of the leg. Several tendons connect the front dewclaw to muscles in the lower leg, further demonstrating the front dewclaws' functionality. There are indications that dogs without dewclaws have more foot injuries and are more prone to arthritis. Zink recommends "for working dogs it is best for the dewclaws not to be amputated. If the dewclaw does suffer a traumatic injury, the problem can be dealt with at that time, including amputation if needed."

Cats
Members of the cat family – including domestic cats and wild cats like the lion – have dewclaws. Generally, a dewclaw grows on the inside of each front leg but not on either hind leg.

The dewclaw on cats is not vestigial. Wild felids use the dewclaw in hunting, where it provides an additional claw with which to catch and hold prey.

Hoofed animals
Hoofed animals walk on the tips of special toes, the hooves. Cloven-hoofed animals walk on a central pair of hooves, but many also have an outer pair of dewclaws on each foot. These are somewhat farther up the leg than the main hooves, and similar in structure to them. In some species (such as cattle) the dewclaws are much smaller than the hooves and never touch the ground. In others (such as pigs and many deer), they are only a little smaller than the hooves, and may reach the ground in soft conditions or when jumping. Some hoofed animals (such as giraffes and modern horses) have no dewclaws. Video evidence suggests some animals use dewclaws in grooming or scratching themselves or to have better grasp during mating.

title: Dewclaw


text: User talk:168.169.26.5

title: User talk:168.169.26.5


text:
D'oh-in' in the Wind

"D'oh-in' in the Wind" is the sixth episode of the tenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on Fox in the United States on November 15, 1998. In the episode, Homer Simpson travels to a farm owned by Seth and Munchie, two aged hippies who were friends with Homer's mother. After finding out his middle name is "Jay", Homer is drawn to the carefree lifestyle of hippies, and decides to become one himself.

The episode was written by Donick Cary and directed by Mark Kirkland, who was going through a divorce at the time of its production. Due to personal circumstances, Kirkland assigned his assistant director, Matthew Nastuk, to take over the directing duties for a couple of scenes in the episode. However, after Nastuk had directed a scene, Kirkland felt better and returned to direct the rest of the episode. The episode features the revelation of Homer's middle name, "Jay", which is a tribute to characters from The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show who got their middle initial from Jay Ward.

The episode features comic actors George Carlin as Munchie and Martin Mull as Seth. Carlin was suggested by Simpsons writer Ron Hauge, who "really wanted to meet him", although he did not attend the recording session with Carlin and Mull.

In its original broadcast, the episode was seen by approximately 8.4 million viewers. Following the tenth season's home release on August 7, 2007, "D'oh-in' in the Wind" received mixed reviews from critics.

Plot
After starring in a low-quality worker recruitment commercial directed by Mr. Burns for the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, Homer decides he wants to be an actor. As he fills out a Screen Actors Guild application at home, Lisa points out that he has only written his middle initial, J, in the blank for his middle name. Neither Homer nor Grampa know the full name, but Grampa takes Homer to a farm where Mona, Grampa's wife and Homer's mother, spent some time during her days as a hippie. The farm is run by two middle-aged hippies, Seth and Munchie, who were very good friends of Mona's. They point out a mural that she painted based on an incident at Woodstock, which is dedicated to Homer and reveals his middle name as "Jay".

Seeing how carefree his life would have been as a hippie, Homer decides to become one. He dons a dirty old poncho left behind by Mona and begins to carry a frisbee, but is dismayed to learn that Seth and Munchie are using the farm as headquarters for an organic juice company, the largest in Springfield. He persuades them to accompany him on a "freak-out" ride through Springfield, disrupting the citizens' daily lives with silly antics. When the three return to the farm afterward, though, they find that Homer's frisbee has jammed the juicing machinery and caused the loss of an entire shipment of the farm's products. Seth and Munchie angrily order Homer to leave.

To set things right, Homer sneaks back to the farm at night, picks and processes all the vegetables he can find, and delivers the juice shipment to Springfield. In so doing, he unknowingly harvests a hidden field of peyote, which Seth and Munchie had intended for their personal use as recreational drugs. The juice causes intense psychedelic hallucinations in those who drink it, and the police quickly trace it to the farm and move in to arrest Homer, Seth, and Munchie. Homer defends Seth and Munchie by placing himself in the officers' path, reminding them of the morals and values from the 1960s, and placing a flower in the barrel of each officer's rifle. When Chief Wiggum fires, Homer ends up hospitalized with one of the flowers lodged in his skull. Dr. Hibbert refuses to either pull it out or prune its leaves so Homer can watch television, saying that he is a doctor rather than a gardener.

Production
"D'oh-in' in the Wind" was written by Donick Cary and directed by Mark Kirkland and Matthew Nastuk. It was first broadcast on the Fox network in the United States on November 15, 1998. The idea for the episode was pitched by Cary, who thought it would be fun to see the citizens of Springfield hallucinating. He then fleshed it out, forming its current iteration. The episode features the revelation of Homer's middle name, "Jay", which is a "tribute" to animated characters such as Bullwinkle J. Moose and Rocket J. Squirrel from The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show who got their middle initial from Jay Ward. The name was pitched on for three days by the writers.

Originally, Kirkland was supposed to be the sole director for the episode, however, at the time, he was going through a divorce that he "did not see coming". Because of this, Kirkland assigned his assistant director, Matthew Nastuk, to direct the episode in his stead. However, after having directed a scene, Nastuk claimed that he was "terrified" and wanted Kirkland to continue the direction. Kirkland returned to direct the episode, feeling better after getting over the divorce. Despite the circumstances, Kirkland stated that he "loved" working on the episode, and could relate to the story since he had grown up in a "sort of hippie commune school" in the late '60s and early '70s. Kirkland based a lot of the scenery designs in the episode on the state of Vermont where, according to him, a lot of "ex-hippies" live.

The two hippies, Seth and Munchie, were portrayed by comic actors Martin Mull and George Carlin respectively. For a while, the staff were not sure of who would play Munchie. Although they had decided on Mull to play Seth, the staff were "kind of stuck" on who would play Munchie. Carlin was suggested by Ron Hauge, one of the Simpsons writers, who "really wanted to meet [Carlin]" but ended up not going to the recording session. Scully stated that Mull and Carlin were "some of the funniest guys that ever lived", and that recording their lines was "a lot of fun". Although it does not occur with most other guest stars in the series, Mull and Carlin recorded their lines together. While the designs of Seth and Munchie were not modeled after anyone in particular, their hair-styles were slightly based on those of Jerry Greenfield and Ben Cohen, owners of the ice cream company Ben & Jerry's. Comedian Bob Hope was portrayed by series regular cast member Dan Castellaneta, who plays Homer among many other characters in the series. Jill St. John and Phyllis Diller were both voiced by American voice actress Tress MacNeille. The psychedelic version of The Simpsons' main theme that plays during the end credits was performed by Yo La Tengo, an American alternative rock band who are friends of Cary's.

Cultural references
The episode makes multiple references to 1960s culture, including films such as The Love-Ins (1967). The episode features the theme from the musical Hair, "Incense and Peppermints" by Strawberry Alarm Clock (1967), "White Rabbit" by Jefferson Airplane (1967) and "Time of the Season" by The Zombies (1968). In a flashback to Woodstock in 1969, Jimi Hendrix's performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" is shown, as is a recreation of the photograph of embracing couple Nick and Bobbi Ercoline taken at the festival and used as a poster for the film Woodstock (1970).

Additionally, Homer sings Billy Joel's 1983 song "Uptown Girl". After drinking the tainted juice, Grampa and Jasper sit on a bench, laughing like the title characters from the series Beavis and Butt-Head, while Flanders hallucinates skeletons and dancing bears (images associated with the Grateful Dead), marching hammers (from Pink Floyd's 1982 film Pink Floyd—The Wall) and The Rolling Stones' lips and tongue logo. Mr. Burns' film is credited as "An Alan Smithee Film", a reference to the Alan Smithee pseudonym credit used by directors who wanted to be disassociated from a film on which they had lost creative control, to the detriment of the final product. When Barney drinks alcohol to prevent the bad effects from the tainted juice, a pink elephant comes to his rescue, referencing the scene in Dumbo where Dumbo and Timothy drink alcohol and see pink elephants. Seth and Munchie's dog is named Ginsberg, thought to be a reference to beat poet Allen Ginsberg. Homer putting the flowers in the policemen's rifles is a reference to the iconic October 22, 1967 Life magazine picture, "Flower Power" by Bernie Boston.

The phrase used by Dr. Hibbert regarding Homer's condition ("I'm a doctor, not a gardener") is a reference to a recurring Star Trek gag, when Doctor Leonard McCoy retorts, mostly to Spock, that he is a doctor and not a [whatever the situation refers to].

Additionally, the end credit theme music by Yo La Tengo is presented in a style that parodies "Tomorrow Never Knows" by The Beatles, and as the credits end, Homer says "I buried Flanders", a reference to the Paul Is Dead myth.

Reception
In its original American broadcast on November 15, 1998, "D'oh-in' in the Wind" received an 8.5 rating, according to Nielsen Media Research, translating to approximately 8.3 million viewers. The episode finished in 40th place in the ratings for the week of November 9–15, 1999. On August 7, 2007, the episode was released as part of The Simpsons - The Complete Tenth Season DVD box set. Matt Groening, Mike Scully, George Meyer, Donick Cary, Ron Hauge and Mark Kirkland participated in the DVD's audio commentary of the episode.

Following its home video release, "D'oh-in' in the Wind" received mixed reviews from critics.

Giving the episode a positive review, Aaron Roxby of Collider wrote that, even though he felt that the jokes about hippies were "a bit overplayed", he still considered it to be one of the best episodes of the season.

James Plath of DVD Town thought fondly of the episode as well, calling it "funny".

Writing for DVD Movie Guide, Colin Jacobson stated that, even though he feels the sixties have been lampooned "many, many times over the years", he considered "D'oh-in' in the Wind" to be a successful spoof of the era. He enjoyed the way the episode portrayed and mocked the ways aging hippies "didn't live up to their youthful ideas". He concluded his review by writing that "D'oh-in' in the Wind" is one of the first great episodes of the season.

However, Jake McNeill of Digital Entertainment News did not enjoy the episode. Considering it to be one of the worst episodes of the season, he found the "jabs" at the hippie culture to be dated, writing that the episode is "a quarter century too late".

Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood of I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide were negative as well, calling the episode "dreadful". They wrote that, aside from a couple of references to sixties psychedelia and the hippie movement, the only significant part of the episode is the revelation of Homer's middle name. They concluded by writing that the episode is "humourless".

title: D'oh-in' in the Wind


text:
Talk:Timothy O'Hea

Untitled
What's "during the Canada"? Was this supposed to refer to some particular event in Canadian history? For now, I have changed it to "stationed in Canada" which would appear to be true even if there is some specific event supposed to be referenced here. Gene Nygaard 20:45, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) Took out the bit about his memorial being in Danville, Queensland. AFAIK there is no Danville in Qld. Danville is the name of the Canadian town where he won the VC. --Affentitten 01:59, 29 March 2006 (UTC) Interesteing article, but I'm left puzzled. As the VC is awarded for gallantry " in the face of the enemy " how did he qualify? Emeraude 10:32, 30 October 2006 (UTC) -I read in Canadian Facts and Dates (3rd Edition, page 255) that O'Hea, "received the 1st Victoria Cross ever awarded for bravery that did not include the actual presence of an enemy." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.231.72.240 (talk) 21:52, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Timothy O'Hea


text:
Capitan

Capitan and Kapitan are equivalents of the English Captain in other European languages.

Capitan, Capitano, and Kapitan may also refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Capitan, Louisiana, an unincorporated community
 * Capitan, New Mexico, a village
 * Capitan Mountains, New Mexico

People

 * George Kapitan, who wrote for Timely in the Golden Age of Comic Books.
 * Tomis Kapitan, an American philosopher and Distinguished Teaching Professor Emeritus at Northern Illinois University.

Arts and entertainment

 * Der Kapitän or The Captain (film), a 1971 German comedy
 * Der Kapitän (TV series), a German series
 * Le Capitan, a novel by Michel Zevaco

Other uses

 * Kapitän, a shortened version of several ranks in the German navy
 * Kapitan, another name for Opperhoofd, a Dutch colonial governor
 * Opel Kapitän, a luxury car manufactured from 1938 to 1970
 * Capitan (tequila), a brand of tequila produced by Barton Brands
 * Capitan Records, a record label set up by American musician Chris Brokaw
 * Capitán, a dog of Villa Carlos Paz who has spent six years in vigil at the grave of his master

title: Capitan


text:
Cale

Cale may refer to:

People

 * Cale (name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name
 * Calé, an endonym used by Romani subgroups in Spain and Portugal

Places

 * Cale, Arkansas, a town in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States
 * Cale, Indiana, an unincorporated community in Martin County, Indiana, United States
 * Portus Cale, an ancient town and port in northern Portugal
 * The River Cale, which runs through Wincanton in Somerset, Great Britain (and gives the town its name)

Other uses

 * Cale, a common name for fish in the family Odacidae
 * Cale:Drew, a 2003 album by New Zealand band Jakob

title: Cale


text: Template:Campaignbox Overland Campaign

title: Template:Campaignbox Overland Campaign


text:
User:Worldbound

I am just a ex-college student procrastinating in my spare time. I've got a few titles, notably RN and BSN.

title: User:Worldbound


text:
Campton

Campton may refer to:
 * Campton, Bedfordshire, England
 * Campton, Georgia, USA
 * Campton, Kentucky, USA
 * Campton, New Hampshire, USA
 * Campton, South Carolina, USA
 * Campton Hills, Illinois, USA

title: Campton


text:
Cambridge Township

Cambridge Township may refer to the following places:

In Canada:
 * Cambridge Township, Ontario

In the United States:
 * Cambridge Township, Henry County, Illinois
 * Cambridge Township, Michigan
 * Cambridge Township, Isanti County, Minnesota
 * Cambridge Township, Saline County, Missouri
 * Cambridge, New Hampshire, a township
 * Cambridge Township, Ohio
 * Cambridge Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania

title: Cambridge Township


text: Template:Campaignbox Lynchburg Campaign

title: Template:Campaignbox Lynchburg Campaign