text:
Blackpool (TV series)

Blackpool is a British television musical drama serial, produced in-house by the BBC, that first broadcast on BBC One on 11 November 2004. Starring David Morrissey, Sarah Parish, and David Tennant, the serial was written by Peter Bowker, who had previously written for BBC One's modern adaptation of The Canterbury Tales and BBC Two's Flesh and Blood, and directed by Coky Giedroyc and Julie Anne Robinson. The series was filmed on location in Brentford and Blackpool itself, and broadcast across six weeks at 9:00 pm on Thursdays, until 16 December 2004.

The plot concerns the murder of a young man in a Blackpool arcade, and how it affects the people involved in the arcade and the investigation. As the investigation proceeds, it takes its toll on the characters; Ripley (Morrissey), under suspicion of murder, finds his public and private life slowly unravelling as both his bullying nature and long-forgotten demons from his past return to haunt him, whilst Carlisle (Tennant), intent on proving Ripley is the murderer and planning to use Natalie (Parish) to get to him, finds himself genuinely falling in love with her instead.

The series also starred Kevin Doyle, John Thomson, Georgia Taylor and Steve Pemberton in supporting roles. For its broadcast on BBC America in 2005, the series was renamed Viva Blackpool. Subsequently, as a result of its broadcast in the United States, the series went on to win a Peabody Award for BBC Worldwide, the commercial overseas distribution subsidiary of the BBC. In 2006, a feature-length sequel to the original, also known as Viva Blackpool, broadcast on BBC One.

Music
The series employed pop music in the course of the narrative. The original recordings are played, and are sung along with and accompanied by slightly surreal dance routines acted out by the characters.

A soundtrack was also released to accompany the series, in which a six-page booklet explained why each song used was included in the series.

Reception
Critical reception to the series was positive. Viewing figures averaged between four and five million per episode. In 2005, the series was nominated in the Best Drama Serial category at the British Academy Television Awards, eventually losing out to Channel 4's Sex Traffic. It did, however, win the "Best Miniseries" and Grand Prize accolades at Canada's Banff Television Festival.

In December 2005, it was announced that it had been nominated, under its American title, Viva Blackpool, in the Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film category at the 2006 Golden Globe Awards.

Distribution
The series was sold to several countries, broadcasting on Television New Zealand's TV One, BBC America in the United States, BBC Canada and TVOntario in Canada, ABC in Australia, Canvas in Belgium, YLE in Finland and VPRO in the Netherlands. The series was also on DVD in the UK, Australia and the Netherlands.

In October 2007, American network CBS aired a series based on the same premise called Viva Laughlin, adapted by Bob Lowry and the creator of Blackpool, Peter Bowker, coproduced by BBC Worldwide, CBS Paramount Network Television, Sony Pictures Television, and Seed Productions; however, the series was cancelled after two episodes due to low ratings.

Cast

 * David Morrissey as Ripley Holden, an ambitious, arrogant arcade owner who believes strongly in luck, and who is planning to turn his arcade into a Las Vegas-style casino hotel and thus revive Blackpool's fortunes.
 * Georgia Taylor as Shyanne Holden, Ripley and Natalie's spoiled daughter, who worships her doting father but is cruel and distant to her mother.

Blackpool

 * Sarah Parish as Natalie Holden, Ripley's shy, frustrated and lonely wife, whom Ripley takes for granted and to whom Carlisle takes a shine.
 * David Tennant as D.I. Peter Carlisle, the detective assigned to investigate the murder. A charming, good-natured and gluttonous, although extremely manipulative, police officer, who dislikes Ripley almost on sight.
 * Thomas Morrison as Danny Holden, Ripley and Natalie's troubled and awkward son, who is constantly belittled by his father.
 * Steve Pemberton as Adrian Marr, Ripley's accountant.
 * David Bradley as Hallworth, a devout Christian who opposes and campaigns against Ripley's plans to establish a casino hotel.
 * Bryan Dick as D.C. Blythe, Carlisle's junior partner.
 * Kevin Doyle as Steve, Shyanne's older boyfriend, who has a bad relationship with Ripley after an incident in their school days.
 * John Thomson as Terry Corlette.
 * David Hounslow as D.C.I. Jim Allbright, Carlisle's senior officer and mate of Ripley's.

Viva Blackpool

 * Annette Crosbie as Mrs. Berry, mother of Ripley's now-deceased business partner, Patrick.
 * Mark Williams as Tommy "The Motor" Vesty, owner of a local car showroom.
 * Megan Dodds as Kitty De-Luxe, a showgirl and convicted fraudster whom Ripley falls in love with.
 * Al Weaver as Darrell aka 'Vibe', a runner working for Pollard who falls in love with Shyanne.
 * Keith Allen as Steve Pollard, a local entrepreneur and sporting agent.
 * Paul Ritter as Billy Pope, Ripley's right-hand-man in the Chapel of Love.
 * Hayley Carmichael as D.S. Coogan, the officer investigating the theft.

title: Blackpool (TV series)


text:
Flite

Flite may refer to:
 * A small run-time speech synthesis engine used by Festival Speech Synthesis System
 * A new name for Widgetbox (a San Francisco, California based company that enables businesses to create and deliver applications to their customers)
 * A quarrel, dispute, wrangling; a scolding: see flite

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Flite


text:
Michael Jones (rugby union)

Sir Michael Niko Jones (born 8 April 1965) is a New Zealand former rugby union player and coach.

Jones was a member of the Auckland team which dominated New Zealand rugby in the late 1980s and 1990s, and the Auckland Blues team which won the first two Super 12 championships, in 1996 and 1997.

He played once for Western Samoa, and 55 times for New Zealand, including winning the first Rugby World Cup in 1987. He was known for his Christian beliefs, which meant he chose not to play on Sundays. He was named by Rugby World magazine as the third best All Black of the 20th century after Colin Meads and Sean Fitzpatrick. John Hart, who first selected him for Auckland, called him "almost the perfect rugby player".

After retiring as a player, he served as coach of Samoa from 2004 to 2007. He was knighted in 2017 for services to the Pacific community and youth.

Early years
Jones was born in Auckland, New Zealand, and grew up in Te Atatū South, a suburb in the west of Auckland, attending Edmonton Primary, Rangeview Intermediate and Henderson High School. His talent for playing was discovered early, as a 10-year-old tackling 15 to 18 year-olds at the weekend kick-abouts at the primary school. He played for the primary school team when still in standard one, when he was three years younger than the other players and by the time he attended Henderson High School, he was already well known locally. He then helped turn a mediocre high school first XV into a successful rugby team that could compete with Auckland Grammar and Kelston Boys High (the regional heavyweights) for the first time. He played for the local Waitemata Rugby Club and it wasn't long before the Auckland representative team (coached by John Hart) took notice.

Playing career
Jones played initially as an open side flanker, and made his provincial debut for Auckland aged 20 in the 1985 National Provincial Championship, scoring three tries against South Canterbury. He also played for New Zealand Colts. He made his international debut for Western Samoa, for whom he qualified through his mother, in 1986. After one cap for Samoa, and a British tour with the New Zealand Barbarians in 1987, he first played for New Zealand in the first game of the inaugural World Cup in the same year. He scored the first try of the tournament and played in four games, including the final, as New Zealand went on to win the competition.

Jones's career was blighted by injuries, notably two serious knee injuries (in 1989 and 1997) and a broken jaw in 1993. Due to this he only played 55 international games during a period when New Zealand played almost 90 internationals, even though he was usually first choice whenever fit.

His international career was also affected by his strong Christian beliefs, as he refused to play on Sundays. Although he was selected for the 1987 and 1991 All Black World Cup squads, he missed three Sunday games in the 1991 tournament due to his religious beliefs. Jones was omitted from the 1995 squad as he would have been unavailable for the quarterfinal and semifinal games. He was once asked how a Christian such as himself could be such an uncompromising tackler. In reply he quoted a phrase from the Bible: it's better to give than to receive.

In the Rugby Almanack of New Zealand, he was selected as one of the "Five promising players" from the 1985 season and one of the "Five players of the year" for the 1988 and 1991 seasons.

Jones was a member of the successful Auckland and Auckland Blues teams which dominated New Zealand rugby in the late 1980s and 1990s. Between 1985 and 1999 Auckland won 9 NPC titles, 5 Super 6 championships, and defended the Ranfurly Shield a record 61 consecutive times (between 1985 and 1993), while the Blues won the first two Super 12 competitions in 1996 and 1997. In 1997 he succeeded Zinzan Brooke as captain of Auckland and the Blues. Due to his sporting successes, Jones was one of the most recognisable Samoan New Zealanders figures in the country in the 1980s.

He was an outstanding openside flanker, and scored 13 international tries. Later in his career, and after his injuries had reduced the speed which characterised his early career, he played predominantly as a blindside flanker or number eight. In 1998 he was dropped from the New Zealand team at the age of 33 after a loss over Australia and retired at the end of the 1999 season.

Coaching career
On 7 April 2004 Jones was appointed national coach of Samoa, replacing New Zealander John Boe. He had previously served as Boe's assistant coach during the 2003 World Cup. In 2007, just after the players flew out to New Zealand to prepare for their tour of South Africa, there was speculation that Jones had resigned as coach. However, after talks with the Manu Samoa Union over whether his role should become full-time until the World Cup, Jones joined the team on tour.

After rugby
Since 2002, he has been Village Trust food bank manager in Avondale, Auckland. Due to demands of the food bank, he declined invitations to be enlisted for Match Fit series in 2020 and 2021/22, but made an appearance in 2020.

Personal life
Jones graduated from the University of Auckland with three degrees: a Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and Bachelor of Planning.

Jones and his wife Maliena have three children.

Awards and recognition
Jones was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal, for service to the Pacific Island community. In the 1997 New Year Honours, Jones was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (MNZM), for services to rugby. In 2003, he was inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame. He was promoted to Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (KNZM) in the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours, for services to the Pacific community and youth.

New Zealand sculptor Natalie Stamilla created a bronze statue of Jones, depicting his try at the 1987 Rugby World Cup. The statue was unveiled in 2011, and is located outside of Eden Park in Auckland.

Jones has been given the matai title (Samoan chiefly title) of La'auli and Savae from his ‘aiga (extended family).

Auckland

 * National Provincial Championships: 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999
 * Ranfurly Shield holder

Auckland Blues

 * Super 12 champion: 1996, 1997

New Zealand

 * Rugby World Cup winner: 1987
 * Tri-Nations winner: 1996, 1997

title: Michael Jones (rugby union)


text:
Michelle Sutcliffe

Michelle Sutcliffe (born 3 February 1967) is an English female boxer who competed in the Light Flyweight division.

On 27 February 2000 she became the first Leeds-based boxer, professionally licensed under the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC), to become a world professional boxing champion. In 1999 she was awarded the BBC's sportswoman of the year at the BBC in the North Sports Awards.

Michelle was the second woman to be granted a professional boxers license by the BBBofC the first woman being Jane Couch.

Michelle also practised Kickboxing and the martial arts sport of Muay Thai.

Professional career
Sutcliffe's professional boxing career began on November 2, 1996, with her first world title try, as she challenged Regina Halmich for the WIBF's world Flyweight title, despite having never previously taken part in competition on this level; she ultimately lost in a second-round technical knockout.

On June 24, 1998, Sutcliffe met Para Draine in Atlantic City for her second bout, losing by technical knockout in round five.

Her first win came against Diane Berry on June 28 of that year, when she defeated Berry by decision in five rounds back home in England.

On February 12, 1999, she lost to Sengul Ozokcu by a six-round decision in Denmark, following that defeat with two wins in a row. Sutcliffe then fought Belgian champion Veerle Braspennings for the vacant Intercontinental WIBF title at the Armouries in Leeds, winning by technical knockout in round 7.

On Sunday 26 September 1999 Sutcliffe won the World International Boxing Federation flyweight title. The match was held at the Royal Armouries museum in Leeds. It was between Michelle Sutcliffe and Veerle Braspenningx who Sutcliffe beat after 7 rounds.

Sutcliffe's ascent to boxing fame culminated with a glorious bout against Francesca Lupo at the Leeds Town Hall on February 27, 2000; entering the match, Lupo was the far more experienced fighter, having recently become the Italian champion and World Number One for the vacant WBF (World Boxing Federation) World Title flyweight crown. Sutcliffe was declared the victor by unanimous decision after ten rounds, making history as the first Leeds-based professionally licensed boxer under the BBBofC to become a World professional boxing champion.

On October 7, 2000, Michelle and Halmich were rematched in Berlin, with the WIBF's world Flyweight championship on the line once again. Sutcliffe entered the match with the aim of making a bold statement, and while the fight proved much more competitive than their first match, Sutcliffe ultimately lost a very close ten-round decision on points. Her next fight, against Kim Messer in South Korea, also ended in a loss by points decision in ten rounds. Sutcliffe followed these losses by winning the IFBA World Title crown at the Irish Center in Leeds on May 17, 2001, knocking out Bulgarian champion Maria Ivanova in round 5.

After the knockout win, Sutcliffe moved up one weight division and challenged Daisy Lang for Lang's WIBF World Jr. bantamweight title on October 29, 2001, in Germany. Sutcliffe lost in a seven-round technical decision when the fight's referee dictated that a cut suffered by Lang had been produced by a headbutt; the bout's result proved to be controversial, as many ringside and television viewers thought they had seen a right-hand punch by Sutcliffe causing Lang's cut.

Following the contentious loss, Sutcliffe retired from professional boxing as a three-time World champion. Reflecting on her career, Sutcliffe stated: "It was very hard in the beginning, as I had to fight women from other nations with much greater opportunities for professional boxing than in the UK. Many of the women at the time had vast experience compared to me. But I never gave up, and it paid off in the end, achieving my dream World title in Leeds."

Her record stands at 7 wins and 5 losses, with 2 knockout wins.

Post-professional career
Michelle now teaches classes and 1-2-1 sessions at Tigers Gym in Meanwood, Leeds.

Legacy
Sutcliffe and Germany's Regina Halmich have helped to increase the popularity of women's boxing in Europe. Sutcliffe is one of the most famous female fighters to come from England.

title: Michelle Sutcliffe


text: Category:Speech synthesis

title: Category:Speech synthesis


text:
Red chalk

Red chalk can refer to:

 * Sanguine for the material used for drawing
 * Hunstanton Formation for the now obsolete stratigraphic term 'Red Chalk' employed in the geology of eastern England.

title: Red chalk


text: Category:World Cup of Hockey

title: Category:World Cup of Hockey


text: Category:1996 World Cup of Hockey

title: Category:1996 World Cup of Hockey


text:
Servotron

Servotron was a science fiction-influenced rock band active from 1995 to 1999. Members portrayed a collective of robots whose chosen medium for dissemination of ideas was music. They claimed to spread the word of robot domination, encouraging machines to rise up against their human oppressors and humans to adopt cybernetic enhancements.

Servotron put out two full-length albums: No Room for Humans (1996) and Entertainment Program for Humans (Second Variety) (1998). They also released a 10" EP, and several singles. The band named their movement the SRA (Servotron Robot Allegiance) and used the slogan "Join Us or Die!". This mock ideology was anti-human and pro-cyborg, encouraging humans to shed their weak flesh and bone for robotic parts.

Members

 * Z4-OBX – percussion and band leader
 * Proto Unit V-3 – keyboard & vocals
 * 00zX1 – guitar & vocals (1996–1999)
 * Andro 600 Series – bass (1997–1999) (Also credited as Andros 600 Series & Andro Series 600)
 * Gammatron – bass (1996–1997)
 * 339837X – guitar & vocals (1995) (This is 00zX1 before being reprogrammed)
 * -... .- ... ... -... --- - – bass (1995) (This name is Gammatron when transcribed into words. This translates to BASSBOT in morse code.)

The members of Servotron did not come out of their robot personnas on stage, on record, or in interviews. The actual musicians behind Servotron are Brian Teasley (Z4-OBX), Hayden Thais (00zX1), Ashley Moody (Proto Unit V3) and Andy Baker (Andro 600 Series). Both Thais and Teasley were members of Man or Astro-man? (as Dexter X and Birdstuff respectively). Thais was also a member of Supernova. Teasley also played in The Causey Way as Boy Causey. Moody also played in The Plastic Plan and The Information.

Live performance
Onstage the band wore elaborate robot outfits, remaining in "robot character" throughout the show. The costumes were made of computer pieces (circuit boards and drives), as well as other random pieces of metal from various devices. Even their instruments were covered in extra electrical and mechanical devices. They were also known for mocking fans who came to their shows in their own robot-themed outfits. "Shut up, humans" was a typical response to audience requests. Some of this banter was captured on the 1997 release Spare Parts. Servotron performed at South by Southwest in 1997.

Influences
Servotron was influenced by earlier electronic bands such as Devo and Kraftwerk, as well as punk acts like Buzzcocks. Servotron's lineup consisted of former members of Man or Astro-man? and Supernova. They recorded 4 cover songs: "Genetic Engineering" by X-ray Spex, "The Finest Work Song" by R.E.M., "Electric Avenue" by Eddy Grant and "Locator" by UJ3RK5. Servotron's lyrics refer to robots of all types from popular culture: everything from Asimov's three laws of robotics to V.I.C.I. (of Small Wonder fame). Other referenced robots of note are HAL 9000, R5D4, and Deep Blue. Their lyrics often took a humorous side, with such lines as "Today is your birthday/We are going to kill you" and "You were made for absolute dominion/Not to make coffee for Leslie Nielsen."

Singles/EPs

 * Meet Your Mechanical Masters 7" (1995 Sympathy for the Record Industry)
 * Batteries Included 7" (1996 Goldenrod)
 * Celebration of Annihilation 7" (1996 Eastside)
 * There Is No Santa Claus! 7" (1996 AmRep)
 * Electrical Power Sources For the Electrocution and Extinction of the Human Race... 7" (1996 One Louder)
 * Servotron 9000 7" (1996 Drug Racer)
 * Product for Mass Consumption (split w/Revo) 7" (1997 MJ12)
 * Join the Evolution 7" (1997 Reservation)
 * Spare Parts 10"/CD (1997 AmRep/One Louder (UK))
 * I Sing! The Body Cybernetic 7"/CDEP (1998 One Louder)
 * The Inefficiency of Humans 7" (1998 Thick)

Albums

 * No Room for Humans LP/CD (1996 AmRep/One Louder (UK))
 * Entertainment Program for Humans (Second Variety) LP/CD (1998 Lookout!)

Compilation tracks
* Previously unreleased track
 * "Speak + Spell" on Treble Revolution vol. 2 CD (1996 Kindercore)
 * "Matrix of Perfection" on Dope-Guns-'N-Fucking In the Streets vol. 11 7" (1997 AmRep)*
 * "Matrix of Perfection" on Dope-Guns-'N-Fucking In the Streets vol. 8-11 LP/CD (1997 AmRep)
 * "Rocketdog" on Flaming Burnout! An Estrus Benefit Comp CD (1997 Man's Ruin)*
 * "The Image Created" on Amrep Equipped CD (1997 AmRep)
 * "Electric Avenue" on Fer Shure: A Tribute to the Valley Girl Soundtrack CD (1997 Itchy Korean Records)
 * "Locator" (UJ3RK5 cover) on Oh Canaduh! vol. 2 LP/CD (1998 Lance Rock)*
 * "Euro-Driver Mechano" on All Punk Rods! LP/CD (1998 Lookout!/Gearhead Magazine)*
 * "Erotomatica" on Tyrannosaurus Ox No. 31 CD (1998 Ox Fanzine)
 * "A.R.T.H.U.R. Electric" on Athfest '98 CD (1998 Ghostmeat Records)
 * "I Sing! The Body Cybernetic" on Forward Till Death CD (1999 Lookout!)
 * "Embryo Electro" on Double Exposure 2xCD (1999 Go Kart Records)
 * "Pet Machine" on Boys Lie CD (2001 Lookout!)

title: Servotron


text:
Talk:Perestroika

Alexander Zinovyev Quote
Could it be that the quote at the end of this article was translated by babelfish? It barely makes sense.

Red Plum

First sentence
The first sentence of this article doesn't make any sense to me. Can someone who knows more about this than I fix it? — Timwi 11:58, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Law on Cooperatives - when?
Could it be stated once forever when The Law on Cooperatives was enacted? In 1987 or 1988? Quick googling shown both dates (though 1987 more often). Pavel Vozenilek 01:51, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"eviscerate"?
Somehow, I don't think the author meant "eviscerate". What could he really have meant?

title: Talk:Perestroika


text:
Afghan Islamic Press

Afghan Islamic Press (افغان اسلامي اژانس - AIP) is an Afghan news agency established in 1982, during the Soviet Union's occupation of Afghanistan, by Muhammad Yaqub Sharafat. Sharafat was the nephew of Mohammad Yunus Khalis, one of the leaders of the anti-Soviet mujahideen guerrilla movement.

After the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan in 1996, some critics accused AIP of spreading propaganda on behalf of the movement. U.S. critics made such charges in particular during the 2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in which U.S. air forces bombed Taliban targets, allowing the movement's Afghan enemies to overthrow it. During this phase of Afghanistan's war, the AIP reported extensively on civilian casualties in the U.S. air attacks, and was cited by international media and by anti-war writers such as University of New Hampshire economics professor Marc Herold.

AIP denies accusations of propaganda and says it has preserved its independence by refusing funding from governments, political groups or non-government organizations. It says it relies on three independent sources for verification of its stories.

title: Afghan Islamic Press


text:
Talk:Afghan Islamic Press

Does the AIP exist - all the Google results I looked at were news articles quoting the AIP during the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. --[[User:OldakQuill|Oldak Quill]] 12:06, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Also slang for heroin?

External links modified
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title: Talk:Afghan Islamic Press


text:
Talk:Enigma rotor details

Commercial Enigma
Here is the info from the enigma commercial version:

DMTWSILRUYQNKFEJCAZBPGXOHV ROTOR # I

HQZGPJTMOBLNCIFDYAWVEUSRXL ROTOR # II

UQNTLSZFMREHDPLKIBVYGJCWGA ROTOR # III

FROM CRYPTOLOGIA NUMBER XXIV: BY DAVID HAMER.

I CAN PROVIDE THE UKW (REFLECTOR AND ENTRY AS WELL IF REQUESTED)

ALSO I CAN PROVIDE WHERE THE NOTCHES ARE ON THE ROTORS, IF DESIRED.

Please request info from brian.scott.andrews at gmail.com

Ref:

http://frode.home.cern.ch/frode/crypto/BPAbwehr/Abwehr_theft.html http://frode.home.cern.ch/frode/crypto/BPAbwehr/g-312.zip (Cryptologia January 2000)

Posted the information above to the main page. Please contact me at the above email address if any concerns.Lossy 04:45, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Citing References
It seems we have been marked as not citing references. I will attempt to learn how to do this properly and then remove the banner from above. Lossy (talk) 00:54, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Rotor offset section
There have been several reverts of the Enigma rotor details section.

The section is poor; it uses the informal "we". It refers to wiring that has not been introduced yet, and it refers to "Wide B".

The section is confused: "In order to understand the effect of rotation on the rotors". The rotation of the rotors does not affect the rotors; the rotation affects the resulting permutation, but that is a topic for the Enigma machine and not a detail about specific rotors.

The section is repeat of the simpler diagram in the proceeding section. That section could have some text explaining how the rotors change the permutation. The example should use the same rotor wiring as in the illustration.

For now, I'd just delete the entire section.

Glrx (talk) 18:34, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

Ring setting section
The current description seems wrong to me.

From what I understand of the Enigma, the Ring settings are meant to function like this:

Ring setting
The ring settings, or Ringstellung, are used to change the position of the internal wiring relative to alphabet ring. Because the notch is fixed to the alphabet ring, the ring setting determines in which position the rotor will turn the next rotor.

The ring setting will rotate the wiring. Where rotor I in the A-position normally encodes an A into an E, with a ring setting offset of C (i.e. 2 positions shifted) it will C into G.

Changing the ring setting will therefore change the positions of the wiring, relative to the turnover-point and start position.

On the 3rd rotor, the notch of the alphabet ring is not used. Its setting must be respected, because the ring setting, in combination with the rotor setting, specifies the start position of the internal wiring.

--J c stuifbergen (talk) 06:43, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

Incorrect examples
Examples are calculated with incorrect rotor order. In text it’s assumed 123R, but actually used were 321R.

title: Talk:Enigma rotor details


text:
Talk:Historical parks of Thailand

Where was the list taken from? It doesn't list Wiang Kum Kam which was made a park in 2000. — KayEss | talk 12:10, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The list is originally from the Lonely Planet guidebook (not sure which edition, have it at home), and also a bit from one edition of the Trips magazine about all those 8 parks. It's of course possible that that latest addition wasn't incorporated - or maybe it's like the Pa Hin Ngam National Park which is also created but not yet (AFAIK) officially gazetteered. andy 14:48, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The Fine Arts Department on their list of historical parks (sadly only the Thai version is that detailled) just list the ten original ones, but does not mention Wiang Kum Kam. Also a google search of เวียงกุมกาม together with the word for historical park (อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์) give zero results - thus I suspect it's not an official historical park, but maybe just a park managed by the province? andy 16:11, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Seems that different authorities have different ideas. I can't get your link to work http://www.finearts.go.th/ppark.htm (404 error). Many Thai sites don't set the character encoding (as Thais always have Thai encoding set as default) which means that often search engines don't correctly index the Thai thinking it's a mess of European characters. This is the reference I used though:
 * Following the restoration of the ancient monuments by the 4th Regional Office of the Fine Arts Department in 1974 to 1975, Wiang Kum Kam was designated a historical park in 2000. Tourism Authority of Thailand News
 * I suppose that there may be more than one Thai status that is translated into English as 'Historical Park' and that's causing the confusion, or they're just not that efficient at updating the web sites. I've been planning on going back there at some point and I'll see what I can find then.   — KayEss | talk 11:27, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * That weblink was moved slightly, it's now at http://www.finearts.go.th/th/ppark.php. But it seems the only way to be sure is to find someone of the Fine Arts Department you can answer. But to ask in english means having low chances of a (good) answer. andy 11:31, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Historical parks of Thailand


text:
Terry Lester

Terry Lester (April 13, 1950 – November 28, 2003) was an American actor. His best known roles include Jack Abbott on The Young and the Restless, Mason Capwell on Santa Barbara and Royce Keller on As the World Turns.

Early life and education
Lester was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He graduated from Perry Meridian High School and began an acting career while at DePauw University.

Career
He starred in the 1976 children's series Ark II, followed by roles in Airport 1975 and the 1978 Kiss movie Kiss Meets the Phantom of the Park.

Lester's big break came when he joined CBS daytime soap The Young and the Restless in 1980. He originated the role of Jack Abbott, a scoundrel who never met a woman (including his own father's wife) he didn't want to take to bed. Lester was so popular that The Young and the Restless creator William J. Bell wrote an entire family for him. The series was going through a transition period, and many fans believed his star quality helped the show build more viewership rising to #1 in daytime soap ratings.

In spite of his popularity, by the end of the decade Lester felt his role on the show was steadily declining. In 1989, he not only quit but also went to the daytime press and blamed Bill Bell's young daughter, Lauralee Bell (who played Christine Blair), for his dwindling role. He felt the excess airtime given to her came at the expense of both himself and other actors. Lester switched to NBC to take over the role of Mason Capwell on Santa Barbara for a year. In November 1992, he joined As the World Turns to play the charming Royce Keller, who was soon revealed to be suffering from multiple personalities which caused him to kill his own sister in the series. The role was complex, causing raves for Lester, but the headwriter behind the story, Douglas Marland, died suddenly in 1993, and Lester once again found his screentime diminishing. He left the series on May 5, 1994.

The remainder of his professional life consisted of appearances in primetime shows such as Walker, Texas Ranger and Star Trek: Voyager along with various tours in musicals and plays.

title: Terry Lester


text:
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 12:11, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Bln~enwiki


text:
User talk:84.121.1.117

Proposed deletion of OpenVXI

The article OpenVXI has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
 * The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (software) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of "This article meets criteria A and B because..." and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 05:06, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:84.121.1.117


text:
Bi-Mart

Bi-Mart is an employee-owned chain of retailers located in the western U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. A typical Bi-Mart houses merchandise includes electronics and small appliances, housewares, hardware and power tools, sporting goods, automotive, apparel, canned and packaged food, personal care products, and, through the end of 2021, a pharmacy at many locations. The median size of a Bi-Mart store is 31000 sqft. As of January 2023, there are 75 store locations. Like Costco and Sam's Club, Bi-Mart stores are membership stores; unlike those chains, its members-only policy started as a workaround to fair trade laws established in the United States in the 1930s such as the Miller-Tydings Act and those related to suggested retail prices. Membership for an entire family costs $5 and never expires.

History

The company was founded in 1955 and is headquartered in Eugene, Oregon. Bi-Mart's first store opened in Yakima, Washington, in 1955, but it did not open a second store until 1962. In 1976, Bi-Mart was bought by Pay 'n Save, which itself was acquired by Thrifty Corporation in 1984. It was subsequently merged into the former Kmart subsidiary PayLess Drug, and finally purchased by Rite Aid in 1996.

In 1997, Bi-Mart's management and Endeavour Capital (a Portland-based venture capital firm) bought the company; they sold it to employees on March 1, 2004, for $94 million, which included $12.5 million contributed from the 401(k) plan. Bi-Mart is the sole surviving store name of former Pay 'n Save subsidiaries. (Schucks Auto Supply retained its name until acquired by O'Reilly Automotive, Inc. and rebranded in 2010.)

In October 2003, Bi-Mart announced it was expanding eastward. Eight stores were planned with the first store in Havre, Montana. The second store opened three years later in Weiser, Idaho. In 2006, Bi-Mart exited the Montana market due to poor sales.

Pharmacy closures
In 2019, Bi-Mart announced the closure of pharmacies at their East Wenatchee, Washington location, two locations in Vancouver, Washington, and their location in Scappoose, Oregon. Bi-Mart announced in November 2019 that it would also close pharmacies at an additional 13 stores in the Portland area. The stores affected by the pharmacy closures were to remain open.

On September 30, 2021, Bi-Mart announced that they would close most of their remaining in-store pharmacies, and prescription files would be transferred to nearby Walgreens locations. In select areas where there was no Walgreens nearby, Walgreens was to take over and operate the existing pharmacy departments inside those Bi-Mart locations. The locations that retained a pharmacy and operate under Walgreens ownership are Monmouth, Eugene (18th Ave), Stayton, Klamath Falls, (53rd St), La Pine, Prineville, and Weiser, ID.

Cascade Farm and Outdoor
In 2014, Bi-Mart opened its first location under the Cascade Farm and Outdoor name in Walla Walla, Washington. Bi-Mart announced that they were looking at empty buildings in a variety of locations for future stores. Additional locations have since opened in Coos Bay, Oregon, and Keizer, Oregon and one is in the works for Springfield, Oregon. Unlike Bi-Mart's regular stores, a membership is not required to shop at Cascade Farm and Outdoor.

title: Bi-Mart


text:
User:Davidcannon/Index-3

Articles I have reorganized
This page lists "sets" and "series" of articles that I have reorganized, mostly by moving sections and paragraphs from one article in the set or series to another It also includes articles that I have "created" by splicing them off from other articles.

 * Topical Indices

 * Exclusive Brethren: A "family" of hardline branches of the Plymouth Brethren.
 * Open Brethren: The most moderate — and numerically largest — branch of the Plymouth Brethren.
 * Plymouth Brethren: Conservative Evangelical Christian movement, with which I was once associated.
 * Plymouth Brethren Christian Church: The most extreme branch of the Exclusive Brethren, often considered a cult.
 * Young, Sir William A. G.: Former Governor of Gold Coast (1884-1885).

title: User:Davidcannon/Index-3


text:
Louis E. Boone

Louis E. Boone (May 5, 1941 – January 7, 2005) was an American academic author. His works covered contemporary business and economics, and included university-level texts Contemporary Marketing and Contemporary Business (both with David L. Kurtz). His last residence was in Mobile, Alabama where he was the emeritus professor of business at the University of South Alabama. He owned the most extensive collection of Barbizon art in the United States, which is now part of the collection of the Mobile Museum of Art.

title: Louis E. Boone


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anti-Templar

Anti-Templar was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Anti-Templar
Fancruft, I think. But I've no idea what fandom. It seems to be from some sort of fantasy game, but the article links to a heavy metal band and an R&B album. Delete unless I'm just being too stupid to see what it's really about. P Ingerson 12:21, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Gamecruft, should be merged with Deadlands: Hell on Earth and deleted. iMeowbot~Mw 13:09, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, no apparent context. Wyss 14:47, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. Not to be confused with Dark Templars from StarCraft. Know thy fancruft... 82.92.119.11 22:32, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del Mikkalai 02:29, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Funny, Dark Templar is what I though of when I saw this page too. Delete hfool 03:28, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * WTH? Delete.  Edeans 05:10, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Wile E. Heresiarch takes his name from the Christian anti-order and draws upon the raw power of the Edit Box, but is extremely judgemental; if an article fails to meet his standards then he'll ruthlessly vote to delete it. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:43, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Prime ministers of Czechoslovakia


text:
Talk:European culture

Although European culture is a household world in the world, it is strange that there is no article about that in Wikipedia. Leave this substub to make a good contribution. Thanks for not erasing it.

title: Talk:European culture


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Golitsyn

Golitsyn may refer to:

Places

 * Golitsyn (crater), a lunar crater

People

 * Golitsyn family noble family
 * Dmitry Golitsyn (1771–1844), Russian cavalry general prominent during the Napoleonic Wars and Governor of Moscow for 25 years
 * Nikolai Golitsyn (1850–1925), last Tsarist prime minister of Russia
 * Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1675-1721), general
 * many others listed in Golitsyn family
 * Anatoliy Golitsyn (born 1926), Soviet KGB defector
 * Georgy Golitsyn (born 1935), Soviet physicist and writer on nuclear winter

title: Golitsyn


text:
The Ark in Space

The Ark in Space is the second serial of the 12th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 25 January to 15 February 1975.

The serial is set more than ten thousand years in the future. In the serial, the insectoid aliens the Wirrn intend to absorb the humans along with their knowledge on board Space Station Nerva.

Plot
The TARDIS materialises on an aged space station. Sarah is overcome by lack of oxygen. While Harry and the Fourth Doctor explore, Sarah is transported away and placed into cryonic suspension by the station computer. Harry and the Doctor explore and realise the station is a kind of ark. Discovering Sarah, Harry searches for a resuscitation unit but discovers a mummified human-sized insectoid lifeform instead.

A woman called Vira revives from suspended animation. Vira revives both Sarah and Noah, Space Station Nerva's leader. The Doctor tells Vira that Nerva's inhabitants have overslept by several millennia, thanks to the insect visitor that sabotaged the control systems. Noah and the visitors clash, and Noah accuses them of murdering a missing crewmate.

Noah investigates the power room and is infected by an alien creature. The Doctor realises the alien insect laid eggs inside the missing crewman, who became an alien now inhabiting Nerva. Noah kills a crewmate, but recovers enough to order Vira to revive the remaining crew and evacuate, but the Doctor realises the alien pupae will mature too quickly for this. He proposes that they destroy the Wirrn while they are in their dormant, pupal stage.

Dissection of the Wirrn corpse reveals the Wirrn are vulnerable to electricity. As he tries to reactivate the station power, the fully transformed Noah attacks him. Noah reveals that the Wirrn were driven from their home by human settlers and now intend to absorb all human knowledge.

The Doctor plans to electrify the cryogenic chamber to prevent the Wirrn from attacking more of the human crew. Because the Wirrn have disabled the station's power supply, the crew decide to use the generators on board a transport ship docked at the space station. Sarah volunteers to crawl through a narrow conduit carrying the power cable from the ship, and the Doctor succeeds in electrifying the cryogenic chamber. Set back, Noah, as the Swarm Leader, offers the others safe passage from Nerva if they leave the sleeping crew for the Wirrn, but the crew declines.

Noah leads the entire swarm in an assault on the transport ship. Vira and the rest of the crew escape the transport ship after setting the autopilot. The transport blasts off carrying the entire swarm away from the station. The Doctor wonders whether this was Noah's plan all along, to save Nerva, and that there was some spark of humanity left in him. Noah transmits one final good-bye to Vira before the transport explodes with the entire Wirrn swarm on board.

In the closing sequence, the TARDIS party teleport down to Earth to repair the receiver terminal and allow the ark colonists to repopulate the Earth.

Production
The script, written by Robert Holmes, is from a story by John Lucarotti, which was rewritten because it was considered unusable. Holmes rewrote The Ark in Space as a four-part serial as a lead-in to the two part The Sontaran Experiment. Lucarotti does not receive any on-screen credit. Barry Letts had planned the story, originally called Space Station, before Philip Hinchcliffe took over as producer. Letts had also planned to produce the four-part serial alongside the two-part Sontaran Experiment, so it was treated as a single six-part story to save money; The Ark in Space was filmed entirely in-studio, while The Sontaran Experiment was filmed entirely on location.

The Ark in Space is the first broadcast story from Hinchcliffe as producer. Hinchcliffe believed that in order to expand the show's core audience, it was necessary to broaden the show's appeal to adults, and Ark in Space demonstrates this with its use of horror, particularly the inexorable transformation of Noah into an alien creature. A scene in which the half-transformed Noah begs Vira to kill him was deemed too scary for children and had to be cut.

The title sequence for Part One was tinted green as an experiment, but was not repeated for subsequent episodes. The title sequence would stay constant for the next six years.

The Ark in Space was recorded in-studio in October and November 1974. The sets for this story were re-used for Revenge of the Cybermen, partially set on Space Station Nerva at an earlier time.

Broadcast and reception
Part Two of this story charted at number five for the most-watched television programmes across the week on all channels. This was the highest chart placing ever attained by a single episode of Doctor Who until 2007's "Voyage of the Damned" placed second for both that week and the entire year. The highest rated episode (in terms of viewing audience) is Part Four of City of Death. The story was edited and condensed into a single omnibus edition, broadcast at 6:35 pm on 20 August 1975 and reached 8.2 million viewers. The compilation was included on the Special Edition DVD release of the story.

Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping gave the serial a favourable review in The Discontinuity Guide (1995), writing, "The Ark in Space rises above the dodginess of the effects by treating its themes so seriously it's a possible influence on Alien (1979)". This was a view echoed by Steven Moffat, prior to the broadcast of the 2014 Doctor Who Christmas Special; replying to a question on borrowing material from the Alien films, he countered with "they never asked Doctor Who to borrow the plot of The Ark in Space". In The Television Companion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker wrote that the story "contains some of the most horrific material to have been featured in the series up to this point". They praised the set design and the dramatic tension, as well as the effects of the Wirrn. In 2010, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times was positive towards the series' turn towards horror, writing that the poor effects were successful in conveying what they intended. Mulkern also praised the cast. DVD Talk's J Doyle Wallis gave the serial three and a half out of five stars, calling it "a neat little slice of science fiction adventure". Reviewing the 2013 rerelease for the same site, Ian Jane gave it four stars, saying that it was "a lot of fun" despite the production values being a "mixed bag". Will Salmon of SFX rated the serial four and a half out of five stars, calling it "brimming with confidence". Salmon wrote that the concept of the Wirrn were so terrifying that the poor effects did not matter.

In an analysis of apocalyptic themes in Doctor Who, academic Andrew Crome highlighted the explicit religious influences on the writing of The Ark in Space. He considered the eponymous Ark to be an analogue of the Biblical story of Noah's Ark, the ancient flood myth related in the Book of Genesis, and that the naming of the Nerva Beacon commander as Noah was an overtly Biblical allusion. Crome also drew parallels between the commandment given by God to Man in — "Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth" — and the High Minister's rousing speech to the humans awakening from cryogenic sleep on Nerva Beacon: You will return to an Earth purified by flame... If it be arid, you must make it flourish, if it be stony, you must make it fertile. According to Crome, the catastrophe of solar flares burning the Earth was represented in the Ark in Space as a purifying event which led to the renewal of human society, drawing heavily on the Genesis flood narrative.

At Inside the World of Doctor Who, a live event hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts on 29 November 2008, Russell T Davies, executive producer and lead writer of the 21st century revival of Doctor Who, said that The Ark in Space was his favourite story from the original run of Doctor Who, as did his successor in the role, Steven Moffat, on a subsequent occasion. The Ark in Space was placed in 28th position in Doctor Who Magazine's Mighty 200 reader survey in 2009, which ranked every Doctor Who serial to that point in order of preference.

In print
A novelisation of this serial, written by Ian Marter, was published by Target Books in 1977. It was subsequently reprinted by Virgin Publishing in 1991 with a new cover. BBC Books also reprinted the book in 2012 in an edition featuring an introduction by Steven Moffat. This was Marter's first novelisation for Target; he would go on to write seven more. Marter had wanted to correct some logical problems he had found in the story. He considered writing in first person from Harry's point of view, but abandoned this when he realised that many important plot points took place when Harry was not present. Notably, Marter changed the spelling of "Wirrn" to "Wirrrn". Marter alters the ending so that the travellers leave in the TARDIS.

Home media
The Ark in Space was first released on Betamax in 1985 then VHS in 1989 in an omnibus format. It was then re-released in 1994 in its original episodic format (but the 1999 US release is still in omnibus format). It was released on Laserdisc in 1996 in its original episodic format. It was released on DVD in the United Kingdom on 8 April 2002. It was released for sale on iTunes on 11 August 2008. This serial was also released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in Issue 90 on 13 June 2012. The Ark in Space was released as a special edition DVD on 25 February 2013.

title: The Ark in Space


text:
Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin

Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin (December 22, 1770 – May 6, 1840) was an emigre Russian aristocrat and Catholic priest known as "The Apostle of the Alleghenies" and also in the United States as Prince Galitzin. He was a member of the House of Golitsyn.

Since 2005, he has been under consideration for canonization by the Catholic Church. His current title is Servant of God, granted by Pope Benedict XVI in 2005.

Early life
Gallitzin was born into nobility on December 22, 1770 at The Hague. His father, Prince Dimitri Alexeievich, the Russian ambassador to the Netherlands, was an intimate friend of Voltaire and a follower of Diderot. His mother was the Prussian Countess Adelheid Amalie von Schmettau, the daughter of Field Marshall Samuel von Schmettau.

When Prince Demitri was about two years old, the Empress Catherine the Great visited The Hague, and as a sign of special favor to his father, cradled the child in her arms and appointed the boy an officer of the guard. He was raised as a nominal member of the Russian Orthodox Church, although his father, like many Russian aristocrats of his age, had little connection to or fondness for religion. As was fashionable at the time, the household's language was French, which was Prince Dmitri's native tongue.

In his youth, his most constant companion was William Frederick, son of William V, then reigning Stadtholder of the Netherlands. This friendship continued even after William became King of the Netherlands and Duke of Luxemburg as William I. Each summer, his mother would take Dimitri and his sister traveling to the principal cities of Germany, explaining to them important geographical or historical features. Demetri was, by nature, rather reserved and timid. His sister made friends more readily, but Dimitri kept them longer.

After his mother's return to Catholicism in 1786, he was greatly influenced by her circle of intellectuals, priests, and aristocrats. At the age of 17, Prince Dimitri was formally received into the Catholic Church. To please his mother, whose birth (1748) and marriage (1768), occurred on 28 August, the feast of Saint Augustine, he assumed at the confirmation that name, and after that wrote his name Demetrius Augustine. A first cousin, Yelizaveta Golitsyna, would also eventually convert and join the Society of the Sacred Heart, founding several religious houses in the United States.

His father, who had been planning a military career for him, was quite unhappy with the change and was barely dissuaded from sending his son to Saint Petersburg, where he hoped a stint in a Russian Guards Regiment would force his son back into Orthodoxy. In 1792, his son was appointed aide-de-camp to General von Lillien, the commander of the Austrian troops in the Duchy of Brabant; but, after the death of Leopold II of Austria and the murder of King Gustav III of Sweden, Prince Dimitri, like all other foreigners, was dismissed from Austrian Service.

America
As was the custom among young aristocrats at the time, he then set out to complete his education by travel. As the French Revolution had made European tours unsafe, his parents resolved that he should spend two years traveling through America, the West Indies, and other foreign lands. His mother provided him with letters of introduction from the prince-bishops of Hildesheim and Paderborn to Bishop John Carroll of Baltimore. With his tutor, Father Brosius, afterward a prominent missionary in the United States, he embarked from Rotterdam on August 18, 1792, and landed in Baltimore, October 28. To avoid the inconvenience and expense of traveling as a Russian prince, he assumed the name of Augustine Schmettau. This name then became Schmet or Smith, and he was known as Augustine Smith for many years after.

Not long after his arrival, he became interested in the Church's needs in the United States. To the shock and horror of his father, Prince Dimitri decided to join the priesthood and offered to forgo his inheritance. The Ambassador subsequently persuaded Catherine the Great to award his son a commission in one of the Palace Guards Regiments and formally summoned him to active duty in St. Petersburg.

Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin entered the newly established Seminary of St. Sulpice in Baltimore on November 5, 1792. Father Gallitzin was ordained on March 18, 1795, by Archbishop Carroll. Gallitzin was the first to make all his theological studies in the United States. Gallitzin then was sent to work in a church mission at Port Tobacco, Maryland, whence he was soon transferred to the Conewago district where he served at Conewago Chapel until 1799. His missionary territory extended from Taneytown, Maryland to Martinsburg, then in Virginia, and Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. In 1794, Gallitzin traveled to Middleway, West Virginia, near Martinsburg to accompany Father Dennis Cahill in the investigation of a haunted-house phenomenon known locally as the Wizard Clip. Gallitzin wrote of this experience much later, around 1839.

Missionary
In the Allegheny Mountains, in 1799, Gallitzin founded the settlement of Loretto, Pennsylvania in what is now Cambria County, Pennsylvania. In turn, Loretto was an expansion upon a small clearing, "the McGuire Settlement," established by Captain Michael McGuire in 1788. McGuire, who died in 1793, bequeathed 400 acre in trust to Bishop Carroll to launch a full Catholic community with resident clergy. Gallitzin's military training had taught him engineering fundamentals, and in 1816 he marked out Loretto on the southern slope of a pleasant hillside. He named the town after the place of Marian devotion in Italy.

With Gallitzin in the lead, Loretto became the first English-speaking Catholic settlement in the United States west of the Allegheny Front. Gallitzin dedicated Loretto's parish church to the honor of St. Michael the Archangel, both as a nod to Gallitzin's Russian roots and, indirectly, to Michael McGuire. For several years St. Michael's Church was the only Catholic Church between Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and St. Louis, Missouri. The church today is known as the Basilica of St. Michael the Archangel.

In 1802, Gallitzin became a naturalized citizen of the United States under the name Augustine Smith. Seven years after he was naturalized and became a citizen of the United States, an Act passed by the General Assembly of Pennsylvania authorized him to establish his name, Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin, and to enjoy all of the benefits accruing to him under the name Augustine Smith.

In the Alleghenies
It was a 150 mi sick-call that first brought Father Gallitzin to "the McGuire settlement." After he was established in Loretto, if a sick-call was within a few miles of wherever he was staying, he traveled on foot. For the last four years of his life, he traveled by sled because a fall prevented him from riding horseback. When Gallitzin first started, there were few families, and those were widely scattered. He bought land to attract other Catholic settlers. Gallitzin is believed to have spent $150,000 (USD) of his funds to purchase some additional 20000 acre which he gave or sold at low prices to newly arriving Catholic settlers. Traveling from one valley to the next, he was often away for over a week, sleeping on bare floors. For most of his time in the mountains, he worked alone and was relatively isolated. In September 1807, he wrote to Bishop Carroll:

"...I am hardly recovered from a severe spell of sickness which attacked me in Greensburgh and which has left me so weak I can scarcely crawl about... My constitution being weak, and my heart perhaps too susceptible of deep impressions from disappointments, losses, &c., I have been wonderfully low this great while, ...I can better feel than describe the gloomy and melancholy state of my mind, especially since the death of my mother. ...my own solitary situation in the wilderness of the Allegheny, my sufferings and persecutions here, conspire to overwhelm me with sorrow and melancholy. ...for God's sake, send me a companion, a priest, to help and assist me, -a friend to help me bear the burden."

Lost inheritance
Over the years, Gallitzin had received some money from his mother, Princess Gallitzin. From time to time, he borrowed against his expected inheritance. Upon his father's death, Father Gallitzin, as a Catholic priest, was not allowed, according to Russian law, to receive the estate from his father. His representatives in Europe assured him this was not an insurmountable problem, and his sister Maria Anna had pledged to see that he received his share. However, circumstances changed when her subsequent marriage to an insolvent German prince absorbed most of the estate, although he did receive periodic remittances from her. William I of the Netherlands was persuaded to purchase some valuable items from Princess Gallitzin's estate with the understanding that the proceeds were to be sent to his old friend. However, the funds were delivered to Gallitzin's brother-in-law, and he saw little of it. His sister bequeathed him an annual stipend, but he saw little of that either. Gallitzin was often encouraged to return to Europe to claim his rights. Still, as he was reluctant to abandon his flock, he left the matter in the hands of his representatives, who were sometimes less than assiduous.

He soon found himself deeply in debt. Besides land, he had provided his parishioners with a grist mill and sawmill to help the community prosper. He obtained a loan from Charles Carroll. Cardinal Cappellari, afterward Pope Gregory XVI, donated two hundred dollars. The Russian ambassador to the United States loaned him $5,000 and then used the promissory note to light his cigar. Later when Gallitzin was suggested for the see of Philadelphia in 1814, Bishop Carroll objected. Carroll agreed that Gallitzin's debts had been contracted for excellent and charitable purposes. Still, it was not clear Gallitzin had the financial acumen to run a diocese as important as Philadelphia, Carroll believed. In 1815, Gallitzin was suggested for the bishopric of Bardstown, Kentucky, and in 1827 for the proposed see of Pittsburgh. Gallitzin resisted proposals to nominate him the first bishop of Cincinnati and the first bishop of Detroit, but he did accept appointment as Vicar-General for Western Pennsylvania. By the end of his life, he had eradicated the debts incurred in building the community.

Writings
Notwithstanding his various duties, Father Gallitzin found time to publish several tracts in defense of Catholicism. He was provoked to respond to a sermon delivered on Thanksgiving Day 1814, in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, by a particular minister who went out of his way to attack what he called "popery." Father Gallitzin first published his Defense of Catholic Principles, which ran through several editions. This was followed by A Letter on the Holy Scriptures and An Appeal to the Protestant Public.

Quotes
"Whatever differences on points of doctrine may exist amongst the different denominations of Christians, all should be united in the bonds of charity, all should pray for one another, all should be willing to assist one another; and, where we are compelled to disapprove of our neighbor's doctrine, let our disapprobation fall upon his doctrine only, not upon his person."

Death
For 41 years, Gallitzin traveled the Allegheny Mountains, often in challenging conditions, preaching, teaching, serving, praying, and offering the sacraments. A doctor had recommended bed rest and warmth for the exhausted priest, but he was reluctant to curtail any Lenten or Holy Week services. Father Gallitzin ministered faithfully until the very end of his life, and after a brief illness, died at Loretto on May 6, 1840, shortly after Easter. He was buried near St. Michael's church in Loretto.

Family
In 1805, Gallitzin was appointed by the Orphan's Court of Somerset County, Pennsylvania to be the legal guardian of six "minor children of Francis McConnell, dec'd". They ranged in age from two years to "between ten and eleven," and were named beneficiaries in his will.

Legacy
Gallitzin's part in building up the Catholic church in western Pennsylvania cannot be overestimated; it is said that at his death, there were 10,000 Catholics in the district where forty years before he had found a scant dozen. Loretto today is in the Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown.

In 1899-1901, the steel industrialist Charles M. Schwab funded the construction of a large stone church, the current basilica, at Prince Gallitzin's tomb. Schwab also provided funds for a bronze statue of Gallitzin.

The nearby town of Gallitzin, Pennsylvania, is named for western Pennsylvania's first English-speaking Catholic priest. In this town, the Pennsylvania Railroad would tunnel through the summit of the Allegheny Mountains. Eventually, the railroad would operate three tunnels through the ridge into Gallitzin. The Gallitzin Tunnel was closed as part of Conrail's massive double-stack clearance project in the 1990s. In the mid-1960s, Pennsylvania christened a new nearby state park in honor of Prince Gallitzin, as he is called locally.

In 1990, Bishop Joseph V. Adamec, Bishop-Emeritus of the Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown, established the Prince Gallitzin Cross Award, which is given annually to Catholics in the Diocese of Altoona-Johnstown who exemplify the evangelizing spirit of the Prince-Priest, Demetrius Gallitzin.

On June 6, 2005, it was announced that Gallitzin had been named a Servant of God by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, the first step on the path toward a possible future sainthood.

title: Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin


text: Category:Districts of Andhra Pradesh

title: Category:Districts of Andhra Pradesh


text:
Charles L. Sullivan

Charles L. Sullivan (August 20, 1924 – April 18, 1979) was an American politician, attorney and military pilot. He served the 24th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 1968 to 1972 under Governor John Bell Williams. He was also a general in the United States Air National Guard.

Early life and education
Charles L. Sullivan was born on August 20, 1924, in New Orleans and was raised in Greene and Perry counties of Mississippi. His father was a school superintendent. He attended Hintonville High School, Knox College, and Tulane University and before earning a law degree from the University of Mississippi School of Law in 1950. He married Mary Lester Rayner and had four children with her.

Career
Sullivan was interested in having a political career from a young age. A trial attorney, Sullivan ran for President of the United States in the 1960 presidential election as the candidate of the Constitution Party. He and his running mate, Merritt Curtis, received 18,162 votes in Texas, the only state where he was on the ballot, or 0.79% of the popular vote. In 1963, Sullivan ran for Governor of Mississippi and lost to eventual winner, Lieutenant Governor Paul B. Johnson Jr. Sullivan was a staunch segregationist and modeled his campaign on defending racial segregation in Mississippi as it came under attack by the federal government and local civil rights activists.

Sullivan won statewide political office during a hard-fought campaign during the 1967 elections. As Governor Paul B. Johnson Jr., running for his old spot as Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi, campaigned for law and order, Sullivan and eventual Governor-elect John Bell Williams emphasized their ability to roll back required federal changes to the state's segregation policy as outlined by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. Despite thousands of blacks newly registered to vote in Mississippi, the two segregationist candidates for the executive office, Williams and Sullivan, claimed overwhelming victories. Sullivan was sworn in as Lieutenant Governor on January 15, 1968.

In the next four years of Sullivan's term, he and Williams attempted to mollify whites' angst in response to the school desegregation orders (often called "immediate integration") as ordered by the Federal judiciary in Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education. Both Sullivan and Williams endorsed white flight from the state's public school system for hastily established private academies that then-U.S. Senator Walter Mondale called "segregation academies". He left office on January 17, 1972.

Sullivan unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate in 1978 in a race ultimately won by Republican Thad Cochran.

Death
Traveling home from Oxford, Mississippi, Sullivan was killed when his plane crashed in a remote area near Clarksdale, Mississippi. He was 54.

title: Charles L. Sullivan


text:
Cassette Scandal

The Cassette Scandal (Касетний скандал, Russian: Кассетный скандал, also known as Tapegate or Kuchmagate) was a Ukrainian political scandal in November 2000 in which Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma was caught on tape ordering the months-earlier kidnapping of journalist Georgiy Gongadze, whose decapitated corpse had recently been found. The scandal was one of the main political events in Ukraine's post-independence history, dramatically affecting the country's domestic and foreign policy. The scandal, triggering the Ukraine Without Kuchma protests, also began a slow and gradual shift of Ukraine's political and cultural orientation from Russia towards the West, although this only became more pronounced after Euromaidan in 2013–2014. The scandal also damaged Kuchma's political career.

The scandal started on 28November 2000, in Kyiv, when Ukrainian politician Oleksandr Moroz publicly accused President Kuchma of involvement in the abduction of journalist Georgiy Gongadze and numerous other crimes. Moroz named Kuchma's former bodyguard, Mykola Melnychenko, as the source. He also played selected recordings of the President's secret conversations for journalists, supposedly confirming Kuchma's order to kidnap Gongadze. That and hundreds of other conversations were later published worldwide by Melnychenko.

Journalists nicknamed the case after the compact audio cassette used by Moroz. Melnychenko himself was supposedly using digital equipment, not cassettes, for recording in the president's office.

Consequences
The described events provoked a crisis, with mass protests in Kyiv from 15 December 2000 to 9 March 2001. Opposition started a campaign of non-violent resistance called UBK ("Ukraine without Kuchma"), demanding Kuchma's resignation. Despite economic growth in the country, President Kuchma's public approval ratings fell below 9%.

In 2002, the governments of United States and other countries became more deeply involved after one of the recordings revealed the alleged transfer of a sophisticated Ukrainian defence system Kolchuga to Saddam Hussein's Iraq. As a result, Leonid Kuchma was boycotted by Western governments for a time. In particular, he experienced an offensive diplomatic démarche when visiting the North Atlantic Treaty Organization summit that took place on 21–22 November 2002 in Prague. Breaking the decades-lasting tradition, the list of participating countries was announced in French, not English. As a result Turkey was named after Ukraine, instead of the United Kingdom and United States, thereby avoiding the appearance of Kuchma next to Tony Blair and George W. Bush.

Moreover, widely publicized conversations depicted Kuchma as a rude and spiteful person, using profanity and speaking Surzhyk, a mixture of Russian and Ukrainian languages. Advocates argue that excessive foul language is the proof of a deliberate montage of the recordings using extrinsic audio samples. However, the United States ambassador to Ukraine, Carlos Pascual, said that the tapes are genuine, undistorted, unaltered, and not manipulated, based on the FBI Electronic Research Facility's analysis of the original recording device and the original recording. These analyses found that there were no unusual sounds which would indicate a tampering of the recording, that the recording was continuous with no breaks, and there was no manipulation of the digital files.

Influenced by all of the above, the president soon became disillusioned with European integration and started to loosen Ukraine's relations with the United States and European Union, both of which were critical of his regime. Instead, he boosted integration with Russia, considering the fact that its new leader, Vladimir Putin, continuously supported Kuchma and refused to recognize the allegations.

In September 2003, Ukrainian troops joined U.S.-led invasion forces in the Iraq War, which was widely perceived as an effort by Kuchma to improve relations with the West. After that, high-level relations were partially restored.

Commenting on the scandal and Melnychenko's actions in particular, Leonid Kuchma persistently claimed they were a result of foreign interference, but has never accused any specific country. However, some of his statements on the issue may be interpreted as cautious hints on the role of either United States or Russia. According to Kuchma, his voice was indeed one of those on the tapes, but he claimed that they had been selectively edited to distort his meaning.

Legacy
Many figures of the scandal remained influential in Ukrainian politics. The case was directly connected with the political career of Viktor Yushchenko, Ukraine's prime minister at the time. Oleksander Moroz concluded an alliance with Yushchenko, resulting in the reformation of Ukraine's constitution (in favor of the parliament). Hundreds of politicians and activists taking part in the 2001 protests led the 2004 Orange Revolution. Yushchenko led the revolution after the presidential election, and became president on 23 January 2005.

Mykola Melnychenko (who received U.S. political asylum) released new portions of his recordings. In 2004, Volodymyr Tsvil, a Ukrainian businessman who assisted Melnychenko in his escape, publicly accused him of not revealing certain details of the case and trying to sell the audio archive to Kuchma's aides. Melnychenko visited Ukraine in 2005 to release new allegation details, but has not disclosed any details of his possible eavesdropping operation.

The criminal investigation regarding the circumstances of Melnychenko's records and Georgiy Gongadze's death remains inconclusive despite a mass of information revealed by numerous journalistic investigations.

Melnychenko's recordings were declared evidence when Kuchma was charged with abuse of office and giving illegal orders to Interior Ministry officials; a criminal case into the murder of Gongadze was opened against Kuchma on 21 March 2011. A Ukrainian district court ordered prosecutors to drop criminal charges against Kuchma on 14 December 2011 on grounds that evidence linking him to the murder of Gongadze was insufficient. The court rejected Melnychenko's recordings as evidence.

title: Cassette Scandal


text:
Chris Harris

Chris Harris may refer to:

Sportspeople

 * Chris Harris (basketball) (1933–2022), English basketballer
 * Chris Harris (cricketer) (born 1969), New Zealand cricketer
 * Chris Harris (darts player), Welsh darts player
 * Chris Harris (rower) (born 1985), New Zealand rower
 * Chris Harris (rugby union) (born 1990), English born, Scottish rugby union player
 * Chris Harris (safety) (born 1982), American football coach and former NFL player
 * Chris Harris (speedway rider) (born 1982), English motorcycle speedway rider
 * Chris Harris (wrestler) (born 1973), American professional wrestler
 * Chris Harris Jr. (born 1989), American football cornerback

Others

 * Chris Harris (actor) (1942–2014), English performer and writer specialising in pantomime and comic acting
 * Chris Harris (journalist) (born 1975), English automotive journalist and automotive racing driver
 * Chris Harris (New South Wales politician) (born 1951), City of Sydney councillor and Green politician
 * Chris Harris (Kentucky politician), Kentucky State Representative
 * Chris Harris (Texas politician) (1948–2015), Texas State Representative and State Senator
 * Chris J. Harris, British electrical engineer
 * Zeuss (Chris Harris, born 1972), American record producer, mixer, guitarist, and songwriter

title: Chris Harris


text:
Erich Bagge

Erich Rudolf Bagge (30 May 1912, in Neustadt bei Coburg – 5 June 1996, in Kiel) was a German scientist. Bagge, a student of Werner Heisenberg for his doctorate and Habilitation, was engaged in German Atomic Energy research and the German nuclear energy project during the Second World War. He worked as an Assistant at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Physik in Berlin. Bagge, who became associated professor at the University of Hamburg in 1948, was in particular involved in the usage of nuclear power for trading vessels, and he was one of the founders of the Society for the Usage of Nuclear Energy in Ship-Building and Seafare.

The first German nuclear vessel, the "NS Otto Hahn", was launched in 1962. A research reactor was installed in Geesthacht near Hamburg at about the same time which has over the years formed into a center for materials research with neutrons.

Uranium enrichment
Dr. Bagge developed a gaseous uranium enrichment device (Isotopenschleuse or isotope sluice) for enriching the U-235 isotope content of uranium in 1944, using three methods; centrifugal force, electromagnetism and thermal diffusion. It was built by BAMAG-MEGUIN under the direction of Kurt Diebner.

Yellowcake uranium oxide powder was reacted with hydrofluoric acid to form gaseous uranium hexafluoride. It was pumped into the sluice, which consisted of a centrifuge and spun at great speeds to fling heavier non-fissile 238U to the periphery. Electromagnets helped to keep 235U nearer the core of the centrifuge. Slight heating near the bottom of the "bowl" helped 238U to migrate to the bottom whilst 235U bubbled to the top of the chamber. Uranium hexafluoride gas with an enriched content of 235U was then sluiced off the top layers.

Bagge got a patent in 1955 for the isotope sluice but it never achieved any economic importance.

Detention and academia
From June to December 1945, Bagge was (together with Kurt Diebner, Walther Gerlach, Otto Hahn, Paul Harteck, Werner Heisenberg, Horst Korsching, Max von Laue, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, and Karl Wirtz) detained at Farm Hall near Cambridge, England. After the war, he became Professor in Hamburg, later Professor and Head of the Department of Physics at the University of Kiel, Germany. He was also Head of the Gesellschaft für Kernenergieverwertung in Schiffbau und Schiffahrt (GKSS) near Hamburg.

title: Erich Bagge


text: Template:Ussc

title: Template:Ussc


text:
Dusé Mohamed Ali

Dusé Mohamed Ali (Bey Effendi) (21 November 1866 – 25 June 1945) (دوسي محمد علي) was a Sudanese-Egyptian actor and political activist, who became known for his African nationalism. He was also a playwright, historian, journalist, editor, and publisher. In 1912 he founded the African Times and Orient Review, later revived as the African and Orient Review, which published in total through 1920. He lived and worked mostly in England, alongside the United States and Nigeria respectively. In the latter location, he founded the Comet Press Ltd, and The Comet newspaper in Lagos.

Early life
Ali was born in 1866 in Alexandria, Egypt. His father, Abdul Salem Ali, was an officer in the Egyptian Army. His mother was Sudanese. He received his early training in Egypt, but at the age of nine or 10, his father arranged for him to go to England to be educated, Ali had originally intended to study as a doctor and had started on related studies before his father's death. His father died in 1882 while serving at the Battle of Tel el-Kebir in Egypt. After that, the younger Ali, then 16, was forced to return to Egypt, settling affairs with his father's estate, Ali returned to England. Afterward he wanted to write and act. On completing his studies at the University of London. As the ward of Canon Berry, he pursued studies at King's College London.

Actor and playwright
Ali was in the theatre company of Herbert Beerbohm Tree and in Lillie Langtry's production of Antony and Cleopatra at the Royal Princess Theatre, London.

As an actor, Ali toured the British Isles. He produced Othello and The Merchant of Venice at Hull, Yorkshire, in 1902, playing the parts of Othello and the Prince of Morocco. He earned praise from the British press.

He wrote several plays, producing The Jew's Revenge (1903) at the Royal Surrey Theatre in London, A Cleopatra Night (1907) at Dundee, and the Lily of Bermuda (1909), a musical comedy at the Theatre Royal, Manchester. The productions were praised by the British and American press.

His production and performance in A Daughter of Judah (1906), which he first produced in the Glasgow Empire Theatre (GET) received particularly good reviews.

Mohamed toured in the United States, where he produced several plays and won recognition as an actor.

In London, he founded the Hull Shakespeare Society, of which Sir Henry Irving was the first President. Representing his political interests and considerable British interest in the Orient, he founded the Anglo-Ottoman Society, London. Its members included Lords Newton, Lamington, Stourton and Mowbray.

In 1915 Ali founded and was Secretary of the Indian Muslim Soldiers' Widows' and Orphans' War Fund. Among its patrons were Consuelo, the Duchess of Marlborough, the Right Hon. D. Lloyd George, Sir Edward Grey, Lord and Lady Lamington, Lord and Lady Newton, the Marquis and Marchioness of Crew, Mrs. H. H. Asquith, Sir Austen and Lady Chamberlain, Lord Curzon, and almost all the members, of the British Cabinet.

Lecturer and journalist
After the First Universal Races Congress held at the University of London in 1911, Ali, with the help of John Eldred Jones, a journalist from Sierra Leone, in 1912 founded the African Times and Orient Review (ATOR) in London. Financial assistance in launching the paper was given by some West Africans who were temporarily in London, including J. E. Casely Hayford, a journalist and activist; Francis T. Dove and C. W. Betts from Sierra Leone, founded as a British colony; and Dr. Oguntola Sapara from Lagos, Nigeria. The journal advocated Pan-African nationalism. It became a forum for African and other intellectuals and activists from around the world. It attracted numerous contributors, including George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Annie Besant, Sir Harry H. Johnston, Henry Francis Downing, and William H. Ferris.

The young Marcus Garvey, then studying in London from Jamaica, frequently visited Ali's Fleet Street office and was mentored by him. The journal covered issues in the United States, the Caribbean, West Africa, South Africa, and Egypt. Garvey briefly worked for Ali and contributed an article to the journal's October 1913 issue.

The journal ceased publication in October 1918 during the First World War, after it was banned by the British government in India and British colonies in Africa in order to prevent unrest. It was succeeded by the African and Orient Review, which operated through most of 1920. In Europe Mohamed Ali was considered an authority on Oriental [meaning the Near East at the time] affairs, political and social. Mohamed Ali also contributed to several leading European and American periodicals; his articles were translated and published in Germany, France, Austria, Turkey, Egypt and Japan.

In 1921, following the demise of the African and Orient Review, Ali travelled to the United States, never returning to Britain. In the US he briefly worked with Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) movement. He also contributed articles on African issues to UNIA's the Negro World. He taught in a department of African affairs.

Travels and settlement in Nigeria
Ali first travelled to Nigeria in July 1921. The Lagos community welcomed him at the Shitta-Bey Mosque, Martin Street, Lagos Island. He returned to Lagos in 1931, primarily to watch over his interests in the Cocoa business. He settled in Lagos, where he was appointed Editor of the Nigerian Daily Times.

On October 3, 1932, Ali produced the play A Daughter of Pharaoh in the Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos. According to the Nigerian Daily Times, it "set a new standard in Lagos entertainment, introducing real stagecraft."

Before long Ali became editor of the Nigerian Daily Telegraph, having as his immediate assistant Ayo Lijadu (subsequently editor of the Nigerian Daily Times. Expanding his publishing interests, on 27 July 1933 Ali began publication of The Comet, a weekly newspaper. He took great interest in the educational and general welfare of the Muslim community in Lagos.

Following a protracted illness, Mohamed Ali died at the age of 78 in the African Hospital, Lagos, on 25 June 1945. His funeral took place on 27 June 1945. Attendees numbered well over 5,000, including political, social and religious leaders. A short khutba (sermon) in English was delivered by L. B. Agusto, President of the Islamic Society of Nigeria. A short oration in Arabic was also delivered by D. Couri, a friend. A large funeral procession went through the streets to Okesuna Muslim Cemetery, where Ali was buried.

Plays

 * The Jew's Revenge (1903)
 * A Daughter of Judah (1906)
 * A Cleopatra Night (1907)
 * Lily of Bermuda (1909), musical comedy

Journals and newspapers

 * Founded African Times and Orient Review (1912) in London; superseded by African and Orient Review (1919)
 * Founded The Comet newspaper, Lagos, Nigeria

title: Dusé Mohamed Ali


text:
Talk:Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch

I moved Azad University in Gorgan to this page. Let's use official names for main articles and leave alternative name for redirect pages. --Pouya 12:54, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Images
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If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 07:26, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:53, 30 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Gorgan Azad University1.JPG


text:
Talk:Gozaresh (magazine)

Why the word rayaneh is defined where it was not used in the context? --Pouya 12:55, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gozaresh (magazine)


text:
Salane

Salane is a small village located on the river Bubye in Mozambique.

title: Salane


text:
Boris Gulko

Boris Franzevich Gulko (Борис Францевич Гулько; born February 9, 1947) is a Soviet-American Grandmaster in chess. Notably, he is the only person to win both the Soviet Chess Championship and the U.S. Chess Championship, and one of the few players with a plus score against Garry Kasparov.

Life and career
Boris Gulko was born in 1947 to a Jewish family. His father was a soldier of the Red Army and was stationed in Soviet-occupied Germany. His family returned to the Soviet Union after a few years. Gulko became an International Master in 1975, and a Grandmaster in 1976. He won the USSR Chess Championship at Leningrad in 1977 along with Iosif Dorfman. The Soviets usually would break ties for the title of Soviet Champion with a multi-game match, and 1977 was no exception. However, Gulko and Dorfman were even after the six game playoff, so they shared the title and prestige of Soviet Champion. They finished half a point ahead of a field that included three former World Champions. Shortly after, Gulko applied to leave the country, but permission was refused. He and his wife, Anna Akhsharumova, who is a Woman Grandmaster of chess, became prominent Soviet Refuseniks. As a vehement anti-Communist, he was once arrested and beaten by KGB agents.

They weren't allowed in top-level chess competition until the period of glasnost arrived, and Gulko was finally allowed to emigrate to the United States in 1986. "Thirty-nine is too old to start playing and training to reach the highest achievement in chess," said Gulko, "those seven years were a serious blow for my chess career, but I don't regret them."

After moving to the U.S. he won the U.S. Chess Championship in 1994 and 1999. He is the only chess player ever to have held both the American and Soviet championship titles. Gulko also holds an amazing positive score against Garry Kasparov, with three victories, four draws, and only one defeat, in games played from 1978 to 2001 (according to ChessGames.com).

Gulko was subject to anti-semitic discrimination 20 years later. He qualified to play at the 2004 World Chess Championship in Libya. The president of the Libyan Organizing Committee, dictator Gaddafi’s son, announced: "We did not and will not invite the Zionist enemies to this championship." Gulko and several other Jewish players withdrew from the tournament, and Gulko said in a letter to Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the president of FIDE: "I implore you not to be the first president of FIDE to preside over the first world chess championship from which Jews are excluded. Our magnificent and noble game does not deserve such a disgrace."

Gulko played for Soviet Union in the Chess Olympiad of 1978 and for the United States in the Chess Olympiads of 1988–2004. He is still playing chess, although he does not participate in a large number of tournaments and he has become an accomplished journalist and political commentator. After living in Fair Lawn, New Jersey for many years, the Gulkos moved to Jerusalem in 2019.

Notable games
Gulko has a plus record against Garry Kasparov (+3−1=4). He even beat Kasparov with the black pieces in Russia in 1982:

Kasparov vs. Gulko, Russia 1982

1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.e3 Nf6 4.Bxc4 e6 5.Nf3 c5 6.0-0 a6 7.e4 b5 8.Bd3 Bb7 9.Bg5 cxd4 10.Nxd4 Nbd7 11.Nc3 Ne5 12.Ncxb5 Nxd3 13.Qxd3 axb5 14.Rfd1 Be7 15.Qxb5+ Qd7 16.Qb3 Bxe4 17.Nf5 Bd5 18.Nxg7+ Kf8 19.Qh3 h5 20.Qg3 Kxg7 21.Bxf6+ Kxf6 22.Rd4 Bd6 23.Qc3 Kg6 24.h3 Bc7 0–1

title: Boris Gulko


text: Category:Magazines published in Iran

title: Category:Magazines published in Iran


text: User talk:208.187.9.42

title: User talk:208.187.9.42


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/IPod/archive1

iPod
Not a self-nom. Fantastic article - I'm amazed that it isn't featured already. Doesn't have a references section at the bottom, but is appropriately inline referenced. Ambi 13:10, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. Good-looking article, but, man, that's a POV lead. The first paragraph goes like this: The iPod is a portable MP3 player designed and marketed by Apple Computer. It stores audio on a built-in hard drive, which gives it much larger capacity than other portable audio players that rely on flash memory. This also lets it serve as an external hard disk while connected to a computer; a user can store any kind of files on it. Lots of implications there: 1.) "than other portable audio players that rely on flash memory" suggests that all other players rely on flash memory. I realize that suggestion's not intended,but still, it's there. 2.) "This also lets it serve as an external hard disk... a user can store any kind of files on it" says that the fact of having a hard disk leads to these convenient features. That's not the case. While a flash memory player has much less storage space (as has already been mentioned in the previous sentence), it works just the same in this sense. I use mine to move Word files between computers sometimes, it's a lot more convenient than the CD "burning" hoo-haa. 3.) Isn't it a bit, uh, promotional, to make an explicit comparison with flash memory players and only mention the advantage (=memory size) of hard drive players? There's a good reason some people prefer flash memory, for instance for the gym or for running: having no moving parts, these players are extremely patient of being bounced about, dropped on the floor, etc. They're also very small and light. These things matter more in some contexts, having room for a lot of files like the iPod matters more in others. There ought to be either no comparison made, or else a fair comparison. (Incidentally, does the article mention the size or weight of the iPod at all? I can't find it, though that could be me. It's interesting info for a portable device. Steve Jobs, by contrast, is quoted as noting the size and weight of "competitors' video-supporting devices" as flaws.) I've fixed 1 myself, by simply removing "other", but 2 and 3 are beyond me, I'm not good enough with the terminology to get the lead to incorporate them and still stay nice and tight and concise.--[[User:Bishonen|Bishonen (talk)]] 14:29, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Object for now agree with Bishonen's objections. Clear them up and this turns to support. Alkivar 18:20, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I pulled the explicit comparison with flash memory (I'd rather not have to pad out the flash memory vs hard drive argument, as its not awfully relevant) and I think a couple of minor wording changes have seen the implications fixed up. Ambi 03:35, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * well you've got a point, i guess this really isnt the right place for a flash vs. hd based player comparison. however on a different note i'd like to see a photo for the First gen model, and for the Special edition black ipod. I'd also appreciate removal of the blatant "here's how to break the drm" part of the iTunes section. but you've overall almost got it right. Alkivar 04:18, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * There's a photo of the first generation model there already! ;) Would a fair use picture of the special edition one be alright? I don't think I know anyone who has one. Ambi 09:46, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I was pretty sure that photo is mislabelled, you sure thats not a 2nd Gen and a Mini? A fair use photo of the black one would be fine, but I think because its such a sharp contrast to the rest that it should be shown. Alkivar 13:40, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, but I'm still not happy. I agree that you don't want to go into the whole hd vs flash thing, at least not in the lead, but I think the answer to that is having no comparison in the lead. Changing explicit unfair comparison to implicit unfair comparison doesn't remove POV. On this principle (I presume), UTSRelativity has already reinstated the mention of flash in the lead over Ambi's rewrite, arguing in the edit field that it's misleading to speak of "earlier MP3 players" as if the iPod came along and replaced flash. (And yes, I agree with him/her that to people interested in these devices your rewrite implied that, even though you removed the word "flash" itself). See my comment above for the reason new flash players are still being made. Also, the second lead paragraph states that iPods "feature small size". Small compared to what, a Sony Walkman from the 70s? For an MP3 player, the iPod features big size. Again, as I said above, wouldn't a mention of size and weight be interesting in an article about a portable device? I had missed the claim to "small size" when I wrote that--the claim makes the omission of specifics look a bit worse.--[[User:Bishonen|Bishonen (talk)]] 10:50, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Object. Surprised to see this nominated as I think it is a long way from being of featured article standard. Problems: very POV; the quality of the technical information is not generally high and is scattered through the article rather than being focused into a section for ppl to either read closely or skip over; likewise information on design aspects is also too scattered; it's sales record should also be better presented. Basically the article doesn't read well, is too much of a puff piece and is difficult to extract information from. Oska 07:58, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Object making this article a featured article is like marketing ipod which i dont think is the purpose of wikipedia. This article has no links to any other comparable harddisk players. An article on say the different types of portable music players or on the different types of music formats will be more useful and informative to people. -- kaal 00:18, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)