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Superwoman

Superwoman is the name of several fictional characters from DC Comics. Most of them are, like Supergirl, women with powers similar to those of Superman, like flight, invulnerability, and enhanced strength.

In 1942, DC Comics trademarked the name and an ashcan copy (publication produced solely for legal purposes) was created with the title of Superwoman to prevent competitors from using it. The cover was a reproduction of More Fun Comics #73 with the interior being a reprint of the third issue of Action Comics. The first true appearance of Superwoman was in Action Comics #60 (May 1943).

Lois Lane
The first appearance of "Superwoman" in a DC comic was in a May 1943 story in Action Comics #60 by Jerry Siegel and George Roussos, where Lois Lane dreams that she has gained superpowers from a blood transfusion from Superman and launches a career as Superwoman.

A 1947 Superman #45 (March–April 1947) comic revisits the theme in a story titled "Lois Lane, Superwoman!" in which a pair of fraudulent magicians cast a "spell" on Lane, making her believe she has superpowers. Circumstances force Superman to play along with the ruse temporarily by using super-speed to invisibly intervene in Lane's adventures to support the illusion. She briefly sports a costume modeled on Superman's before the spell is broken. A story from Action Comics has Lois actually gaining superpowers from one of Lex Luthor's inventions and launching a short-lived career as "Superwoman".

Later stories sporadically feature tales in which Lois gains superpowers and functioned as a "Superwoman" of sorts, but all of these are, like the 1951 tale, temporary. The powers always wear off by the end of the story. A typical example of this is "The Turnabout Powers" from Superman Family #207 (May–June 1981) where the Earth-Two Lois Lane gains powers from her husband (the Earth-Two Superman) through the unexpected effect of an exotic extraterrestrial plant Superman brings into their home. The plant's death reverses the effect. Another example is the Batman/Superman: World's Finest mini-series where Mr. Mxyzptlk briefly transforms Lois into a "Superwoman" with costume and powers.

At the end of All-Star Superman #2 Lois Lane is presented with a formula called "Exo-Genes" created by Superman that allows her to have his powers for 24 hours, and she becomes Superwoman. During her adventures with her new Kryptonian powers, she is wooed by two superhumans named "Samson" and "Atlas", and she is captured by a time-Ultrasphinx. Her powers fade away at the end of the day. Her costume seems to be exactly the same as that of the Anti-Matter Universe's Superwoman, but in Superman's colors. Both outfits were designed by Frank Quitely.

In other pre-Crisis imaginary stories—set outside the main DC continuity within an alternate history or hypothetical future—Lois Lane gains superpowers. In one of these, Sam Lane is a scientist and astrophysicist. He discovers that Earth's sun will go nova and obliterate the solar system. Sam and his wife Ella place their infant daughter Lois in a starship and send her to Krypton within a "power beam" that enables FTL travel and permanently modifies the baby's molecular biology. This gives Lois super powers after she reaches her adopted world. Once there, adopted and raised as "Kandi Khan", Lois becomes a zookeeper's daughter in Kryptonville. Like Superman in mainstream DC continuity, Kandi/Lois establishes a superhero career, and like Lois and Superman in the mainstream continuity, Supermaid and Kal-El fall for one another. Like Superman in the mainstream DC continuity, Supermaid was also vulnerable to fragments of her perished homeworld ("Earthite", in this version of events).

Another imaginary story has Clark Kent and Lois exchange places so that she is from Krypton and Kent is an ordinary human, inquisitive about whether or not Lois Lane was Krypton Girl's secret identity.

In 2016, Lois again became Superwoman in the DC Rebirth initiative and appeared as Superwoman in the comic book series Superwoman. The series marks the first ongoing comic book series featuring the Superwoman character. In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Lois and Lana gained superpowers due to the solar energy explosion caused by the death of the New 52 Superman. This results in both Lois and Lana becoming Superwoman with Lois possessing all of Superman's powers, while Lana has the ability to absorb solar energy and release it in other forms. Lois was later seemingly killed, in a similar fashion to the New 52 Superman, while fighting a female Bizzaro.

Luma Lynai
A woman from the distant planet of Staryl, Luma Lynai wins the heart of Superman. Just as Superman derives his powers from a yellow sun, Luma derived her gifts of super-strength and flight from an orange sun. Their romance does not last, as Luma becomes deathly ill under the rays of a yellow sun, and Superman cannot leave Earth undefended. She physically resembles an adult Kara Zor-El, with a similar costume, except instead of being blue-and-red with a pentagonal S shield, Luma's costume is white-and-green with a circular S emblem.

Superwoman (Crime Syndicate)
Superwoman is the alias of several alternate universe counterparts of Wonder Woman from various versions of Earth-3, all of whom are supervillains and members of the Crime Syndicate of America. Unlike her heroic counterpart, this Superwoman is known for her ruthless and manipulative nature, often using her powers for personal gain, domination, and oppression.

Gender-swapped Superman
In Superman #349 ("The Turnabout Trap!"), Superman returns from an interstellar mission to find that everyone on Earth is of the opposite sex. Among them are Penny White (a female Perry White), Jenny Olsen (a female Jimmy Olsen), Louis Lane (a male Lois Lane), Batwoman (a female Batman, rather than the actual character), Wonder Warrior (a male Wonder Woman; DC Comics could not use the name Wonder Man at the time because Marvel Comics holds the trademark), Black Condor (a male Black Canary), Superlad (a male Supergirl), and Superwoman (his female counterpart) herself. Believing he crossed into a parallel universe, Superman flies back to space to find a dimensional portal but is blocked by an invisible barrier. He notices the parallelism fails when he sees Superwoman and Clara Kent (Superwoman's presumed secret identity) are two separate people.

When he confronts Superwoman he discovers that he is regarded as a super-villain in this gender-reversed world, which leads to a battle with Superwoman, Superlad, and Wonder Warrior. They manage to trap Superman with Wonder Warrior on guard, but he manages to escape and takes Wonder Warrior's magic lasso with him. Superman figures out that his foe Mr. Mxyzptlk is behind this gender-reversed world. This was partly due to the discrepancy of Clara Kent and Superwoman being different people. However, Mxyzptlk's biggest mistake was being too vain to give himself a reverse-gender counterpart in Superwoman's rogues gallery in The Daily Planet morgue; all of Superwoman's foes were reverse-gender counterparts to Superman's foes (Leslie Luthor (Lex Luthor), Bizaress (Bizarro) and the Toywoman (Toyman)) - except for Mxyzptlk. Superman discovers as well that he was never in a parallel universe, but rather on Earth, which Mxyzptlk had altered with his magic. After using Wonder Warrior's magic lasso to make Mxyzptlk say his name backwards and thus returning him to his native dimension, the effects of Mxyzptlk's magic (including the existence of Superwoman) vanish, returning the Earth to normal. Upon his return to his Clark Kent identity, he is startled to discover there is still a Louis Lane, but he turns out to be Lois Lane's cousin.

Later stories, including Countdown and The Multiversity would revisit the concept of a gender-reversed Superman known as Superwoman, and designated those stories as taking place on Earth-11 of the DC Multiverse.

Laurel Kent
A new Superwoman named Laurel, apparently a female version of Superman from a parallel Earth (now identified as Earth-11), appeared for the first time in Superman/Batman #23-#24. In Earth 11's alternate universe, much like in the one featured in "The Turnabout Trap!", reversed-gender characters exist relative to that resident on New Earth: there is a Batwoman (female Batman), Superlad (male Supergirl), and a female Darkseid known as the "Dark Queen". It is notable that in pre-Crisis continuity, "Laurel Kent" was the name of a 30th-century descendant of Superman who occasionally appeared in stories featuring the Legion of Super-Heroes, and was replaced in continuity by Laurel Gand.

In December 2007, Superwoman and Batwoman were featured in Countdown Presents: The Search for Ray Palmer: Superwoman/Batwoman #1. It features Earth-11 as part of the new DC Multiverse and presents a male version of Wonder Woman called Wonder Man, who originates from a society of male Amazons. It also depicts that world's version of Amazons Attack!.

The Multiversity Guidebook, released as part of The Multiversity showed new versions of the characters from Earth-11, more closely resembling New Earth after the Flashpoint event, with equivalent costumes to their New Earth counterparts, indicating their world had also been affected by the Flashpoint storyline, though the exact nature of those changes is unrevealed. The Aquawoman of Earth-11 would become a member of Justice League Incarnate, a team which formed as a result of the Multiversity event. She would go on to help Superwoman of Earth-11 as well as a number of other Superman counterparts to escape from a being called Prophecy, who was attempting to drain their powers in order to fight an unknown future threat. Together with Aquawoman, Superman, The New Super-Man of China, and the Justice League Incarnate, Prophecy was defeated, and Superwoman and the other Superman counterparts would return to their worlds and times.

Kristin Wells
Another version of Superwoman, this one a heroic character, came about in the form of Kristin Wells, who was created by Superman comic writer Elliot S! Maggin. Wells first appeared in Maggin's Superman novel Miracle Monday, but he later introduced her in the pages of DC Comics Presents as Superwoman. The character Wells is a 29th-century descendant of Jimmy Olsen. Wells time travels to the 20th century, where the technology she had brought from the future gives her superpowers. It is this iteration of the character which appears briefly in Superman: Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow? which creates a continuity problem in that she had already revealed Jimmy Olsen's final fate: to become a great editor like Perry White.

Dana Dearden
Obsessed Superman fan Dana Dearden dated Jimmy Olsen to get close to Superman, and when that did not work she stole mystic artifacts which granted her the strength of Hercules, the speed (and flight) of Hermes, the thunderbolts of Zeus, and the sight of Heimdall. Dana donned a green-and-purple uniform, with "Superwoman" written down the leggings, and called herself Superwoman, and tried to get Superman to fall in love with her. He rejected her advances, and Jimmy called her "Obsession". She vanished attempting to help Superman rescue people from a burning ship.

When Superman was split into his Red and Blue energy forms, Superwoman returned hoping that one of the Supermen would return her feelings, but Maxima intervened, and used her telepathy to convince Superwoman that she would destroy Superman with her love.

The telepathic illusion wore off and she would try to win Superman over again, this time in a red-and-blue costume very similar to his, and claimed to be his wife in response to a recent photograph of Superman wearing a wedding ring. During a subsequent attack of humans using the DMN drug—which turned the users into violent demons until the "high" was over—Superman convinced her to help him stop the DMN users, arguing that, if she truly loved him, she would help him do his duty rather than attack him for potentially picking someone else over her. She died trying to protect him from one of the DMN users when it almost struck him in the back while he was distracted since she knew he was vulnerable to magic.

Lucy Lane
Lucy Lane first appeared as Superwoman in Supergirl (vol. 5) #35 (January 2009), her costume a nod to that of the Bronze Age Superwoman Kristin Wells and containing a containment field that simulated Kryptonian powers. However, Lucy's identity was not revealed until near the story arc's end. During her tenure as Superwoman, she was blackmailed by her father, General Sam Lane, into performing acts of villainy such as murdering Agent Liberty, who had been spying on General Lane and Lex Luthor. This resulted in her being the focus of the Supergirl Faces of Evil issue.

Lucy Lane later attacks Reactron, which tipped off readers that Superwoman was not Kryptonian, since the villain's Gold Kryptonite power source had no effect on her. Supergirl unmasks Superwoman, and accidentally kills her by rupturing the containment field of her suit, causing Lucy's body to contort and explode.

In the Supergirl annual Lucy is brought back to life by the suit as it steals the life of another person. The suit is then revealed to be a magical creation of Mirabai of the Forlorn, ally of Sam Lane, who mystically infused in it the genetic abilities of several alien races of Kryptonian might: when Supergirl ruptured it, the backlash permanently altered Lucy Lane into being a composite alien being of human appearance herself, with inherent Kryptonian abilities. This Superwoman was last seen as a prisoner after Sam Lane's machinations during the War of the Supermen storyline came to an end, though it was hinted she would escape at some point in the future. The launch of The New 52 however ended that storyline.

Lana Lang
When Superman died, Lana Lang and Lois Lane both absorbed energy released from his body and the two women developed superhuman powers. Lana gained the power to convert solar radiation into various forms of electromagnetic energy, while Lois developed powers similar to Superman's. Both Lana and Lois became Superwoman. After Lois' death, Lana became the sole Superwoman.

During Superman Reborn, it was revealed that the powers Lois and Lana received were the leftover energy from the New-52 Superman. The Post-Crisis Superman took that energy into himself to become an amalgam leaving Lana seemingly powerless and confused. Some energy remained within her suit which was later found to be Red Kryptonite radiation.

Other uses
Various comic stories, pre- and post-Crisis, offer glimpses of possible futures assuming that one of the various incarnations of Supergirl would eventually change her codename to Superwoman upon reaching adulthood. One example is The Superman Family #200 (April 1980) in which all the stories are set in the then-near future 1999 or 2000 (the timeframe is cited only as "the turn of the century") with the characters aged appropriately, including an older Linda Danvers (Kara Zor-El) who divides her time between her career as Superwoman and serving as governor of Florida.

Alternatively, some stories assume one of Superman's female descendants would assume the name "Superwoman", like his daughter Kara and great-granddaughter Lara from the Elseworlds series, Superman & Batman: Generations.

Television

 * A variation of Lois Lane / Superwoman called Ultra Woman appears in Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman episode "Ultra Woman", portrayed by Teri Hatcher.
 * Two incarnations of Superwoman, Lana Lang and Lois Lane, appear in Smallville, portrayed by Kristin Kreuk and Erica Durance respectively.
 * The gender-swapped incarnation of Superwoman appears in the Justice League Action short "True Colors" as a brief transformation that Superman undergoes due to a secondary effect of Pink Kryptonite.
 * A Bizarro-inspired variation of Lana Lang / Superwoman appears in Superman & Lois, portrayed by Emmanuelle Chriqui. This version hails from Bizarro World.

Film
The Lois Lane incarnation of Superwoman appears in All-Star Superman, voiced by Christina Hendricks.

title: Superwoman


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Lemonjelly.ky

Lemonjelly.ky is the debut album by the British duo Lemon Jelly, released on 23 October 2000. It compiles all nine tracks originally released on the duo's first three limited edition EPs: The Bath, The Yellow and The Midnight, although minor changes were made for the album release.

Critical reception
Lemonjelly.ky received a score of 79 out of 100 based on nine reviews on review aggregator Metacritic, including "generally favorable reviews" from critics.

Track listing
The recording details are in the EP articles:
 * The Bath EP (1998)
 * The Yellow EP (1999)
 * The Midnight EP (2000)

Usage
The Track "The Staunton Lick" was used in the last scene of the finale of the tv-series Spaced.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lemonjelly.ky


text: File:The Great Drinkers of the North Fac simile of a Woodcut of the Histoires des Pays Septentrionaux by Olaus Magnus 16mo Antwerp 1560.png


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Prodrive

Prodrive is a British motorsport and advanced engineering group based in Banbury, United Kingdom.

History
Prodrive was founded in 1984 by Ian Parry and David Richards.

Prodrive sold its 51% stake in Ford Performance Vehicles to Ford Australia in 2012. Prodrive also founded Ford Performance Racing in 2003, entering the V8 Supercar series in Australia after purchasing Glenn Seton Racing. This was sold in January 2013.

Formula One

On 28 April 2006, Prodrive were officially granted entry to F1 when the FIA announced the list of entrants to the 2008 Formula One World Championship. It was announced on 23 November 2007 that Prodrive F1 would not compete in the, as the legal situation left no time for the team to be set up for the start of the season.

On 23 April 2009, Prodrive issued a press release stating that they were considering an F1 entry for the 2010 season, possibly under the Aston Martin Racing brand. On 29 May 2009, it was reported that Prodrive had submitted a formal application for the 2010 season. However, Prodrive was not accepted to the final grid. Prodrive was one of two potential buyers considered by the Renault F1 Team to take-over the team prior to the 2010 season. In April 2010 Prodrive announced it would not apply for the 2011 Formula One season. The slot became available after US F1 Team collapsed.

Facilities
Prodrive had a facility at the former RAF Honiley airfield and LucasVarity proving ground near Wroxall, Warwickshire, together with Marcos and TRW.

In March 2006, Prodrive announced its intent to build a £200million, 200 acre motorsport facility called "The Fulcrum".

As of 3 August 2006, Prodrive has won the support of the Warwick District Council planning committee for development of The Fulcrum. The permission covers a highly advanced engineering research and development campus, a conference facility called the Catalyst Centre and new access road, a roundabout, infrastructure, parking and landscaping. The plans still have to be presented and agreed by the British government's Department for Communities and Local Government. There is local opposition against Prodrive's plans via the Fulcrum Prodrive Action Group (FPAG) to protect the rural nature of the community and the safety of the people that live within it.

In 2014 the site was sold to Jaguar Land Rover.

Other sources

 * Cropley, S (9 November 2004). Beauty and the beast. Autocar pp. 44–51.
 * Cropley, S (30 November 2004). Out, but not down. Autocar pp. 72–73.

title: Prodrive


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User:Alekk

Hi! I'm Alek, here since December 2004.

title: User:Alekk


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Talk:Red Herring Surf

Untitled
from VfD:

Seems like just a vanity ad for a company that isn't really famous or well known for anything. Not appropriate encyclopaedic. Hou Shuang 17:11, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak delete. Article makes them sound like a small local company, in which case they're not encyclopedic. Any Australians able to verify? [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 17:31, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 'Delete. Mikkalai 17:43, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * leading surfgear corporation in the state of Tasmania. Tasmanians, plz verify! 80.218.113.68 19:12, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've never heard of them, but I don't live in Tasmania. I'm a bit curious as to how a  German medical doctor and neuropsychologist training in psychiatry and living in Switzerland does know Tassie culture in such detail. No vote as yet. Andrewa 19:51, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Why not ask him? He has a Talk page just like everybody else. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:20, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I think if it can be expanded beyond a vanity ad, then keep. If not, delete. No vote yet. Spinboy 20:28, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Regardless of verification, which so far fails, it's too small a company (else verification wouldn't have failed). Geogre 22:07, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * @Andrewa: you want to have my complete CV on my user page or what are you making allusion at? In fact, I have been living in Tassie, even though I'm not Tasmanian. Dbach 15:07, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: No offence intended. I wondered why this seemed to break the pattern of your previous contributions, and while the latest version of the article is better I'm still not clear on why you consider this warrants an entry. If this information doesn't fit into the article, and you don't want to add it to your user page, perhaps add it to the talk page. Still no vote. Andrewa 23:43, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Small (6 outlets), local, chain store--not brand/manufacturer. If kept, should be at Red Herring Surf. Niteowlneils 22:08, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Recycling Troll 21:19, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - small but real, verifiable. Mark stub - David Gerard 22:57, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I live in Tassie, but know nothing about Surfing or surfwear. I always thought Red Herring was a nationwide chain, not a state chain.  I'm kind of proud now that I know they are a local bunch!  I feel this article has scope for expansion, but I'm not the one to do it.  All I can say is that it is a real company that is very prominent in at least my small part of the world. Keep. -- Chuq 05:30, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Yuckfoo 07:41, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Not sure how I overlooked this one, but keep it just the same. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:17, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Time
What time do you close 159.196.178.6 (talk) 07:25, 14 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Herring Surf


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Khudiadadzai

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Khudiadadzai
fails Google test... therefore, must be made up. --Hemanshu 17:14, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not verifiable. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 17:32, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh yes, pretty verifiable, with a bit of diligency. This article is yet one reason to keep speedy deletion policy in check. Mikkalai 18:04, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep, cleanup. It is from Pushtuns. No wonder fails google. Also, could be problem with English spelling. For example, Iranian "Khodadadi" family name sounds pretty close. I cleared some hintful links, but this is really not my area of expertise. Mikkalai 17:41, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup I think this article has a great potential, and further, I think could be quite valuble. Definatenly enyclopedic. Spinboy 20:26, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for now, but this is the sort of thing where some citations would sure be useful. -- Jmabel | Talk 00:40, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep by all means, unless someone comes up with a better reason. There is absolutely no reason that an article on a minor Pashtun clan should be expected to be verifiable by Google, least of all by English-language Google.  I've submitted articles that couldn't be verified by Google myself sometimes, in sufficiently obscure topics; not all useful information has made it online yet.  However, I suspect the spelling is a bit unorthodox.  My guess is that it should be Khudadad Zai (ie Sons of Khudadad), but, since I don't speak Pashtun, I don't feel confident enough to move it. - Mustafaa 14:53, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep it for reasons listed above! —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 09:11, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal

Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal (27 November 1794, Xanten – 12 October 1866, Halle) was a German botanist.

He studied in Berlin, in 1819 becoming curator of the Royal Herbarium. He was a professor of botany and director of the Botanical Gardens at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg from 1833 until his death in 1866.

The genus Schlechtendalia (Asteraceae), from Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, was named in his honor.

He was editor of the botanical journal Linnaea (from 1826), and with Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872), was publisher of the Botanischen Zeitung (from 1843).

He conducted important investigations of the then largely unknown flora of Mexico, carried out in conjunction with Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), and based on specimens collected by Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede (1798–1836), and Ferdinand Deppe (1794–1861).

Schlechtendal was a critic of Darwinism but accepted a limited form of evolution. He advocated a form common descent of "some groups of very similar species, which also inhabit a limited area".

Written works

 * Animadversiones botanicae in Ranunculaceas, Berlin 1819–1820.
 * Flora berolinensis, Berlin 1823–1824.
 * Adumbrationes plantarum, 1825–1832.
 * Flora von Deutschland, Jena 1840–1873 (with Christian Eduard Langethal and Ernst Schenk; fifth edition by Ernst Hallier 1880–1887).
 * Hortus halensis, Halle 1841–1853.


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Postolar Tripper

Postolar Tripper was a hip hop-ethno-ska-reggae band from Zadar, Croatia. It consists of band members:

They first appeared on the music scene by posting their song "Aaaaaaaaa.!?" on the 057 radio station from Zadar in 2002. The song "Tužna priča o selu" followed, confirming the band's hip-hop/ethno style (speaking in the rural dialect of Dalmatia's Ravni kotari better known as "Zaleđe"). This song was No. 1 in the charts of HTV's teen show Briljanteen for months in 2005.
 * Davor Valčić - vocal
 * Darko Predragović-Dabi – vocal
 * Renato Babić – guitar
 * Pave Ruić – bass guitar
 * Ivan Bačinić-Bačko – percussion
 * Dinko Habuš – trumpet
 * Goran Šućurović–Macko – drums
 * Zvonko Ćoso - Management

Their third single was "Balada o Viliju i Vesni", for which a video was made by video artist Mara Milin, after which their debut album was released. Humour and eccentric usage of the rural elements in their music was also a characteristic of their fourth single, "Čuvaj se sinjske ruke", also used in the film of the same name, by Bore Lee.

A duet in the beginning, Postolar Tripper became a band of eight musicians. Their album Popravni was released in 2008, with single "Na rubu ponora" recorded in ska/reggae style.

Postolar Tripper disbanded in 2017.

Discography

 * Sve što iman san ukra (2005, Menart Records)

 * 1) "Intro... uzavrela atmosfera - skit"
 * 2) "Vuci, vile i balave sopile"
 * 3) "Metuzalemska"
 * 4) "Drukanje - skit"
 * 5) "Sve što iman san ukra"
 * 6) "Superdeka"
 * 7) "Brackanova žienska"
 * 8) "Diskografija i - skit"
 * 9) "Ljubio se bijeli golub" feat. Lidija Bajuk
 * 10) "Uvod u baladu - skit"
 * 11) "Balada o viliju i vesni"
 * 12) "Patlidžani & češnjaci (štorija Dubravka Mataković)"
 * 13) "Prijatelj iz bosanskog grahova"
 * 14) "Čuvaj se sinjske ruke"
 * 15) "Tužna priča o selu"
 * 16) "Debela"

 * Zamisli Zivot u Ritmu Cipela za Ples (2007)

 * 1) "Brackanova žienska"
 * 2) "Fa - Fa"
 * 3) "Natasa"
 * 4) "Ena"
 * 5) "Obicna Ljubavna Pjesma" feat. Shot
 * 6) "Andjeli nas zovu da im skinemo krila"
 * 7) "Zamisli Zivot u Ritmu Muzike za Ples"
 * 8) "Jamo Rasta"
 * 9) "Mali Motorin"
 * 10) "Sretno Dijete"

 * Popravni (2008, Menart Records)

 * 1) "Ona Za Ribara Neće"
 * 2) "Brate brate gospođo"
 * 3) "Gradelada"
 * 4) "Kolcem priko škine - skit "
 * 5) "Marijana"
 * 6) "Palma U Pitaru"
 * 7) "Pobro"
 * 8) "Na Rubu Ponora"
 * 9) "Pejstejšn dva - skit"
 * 10) "Disko Taliban"
 * 11) "Soren I Sam"
 * 12) "Čudo"

 * Čujem ja netko šuti (2012)

 * 1) "Kruva bez motike"
 * 2) "Burza rada"
 * 3) "Zorane, vrati se kući"
 * 4) "Moga konja"
 * 5) "Loše društvo i labilan karakter"
 * 6) "Tabletoman"
 * 7) "Problem, reakcija, rješenje"
 * 8) "Ska, ska, ska!"
 * 9) "Trieste"
 * 10) "Gaeta (feat. Libar)"
 * 11) "Na kolodvoru"
 * 12) "Largo"
 * 13) "Uno, due, tre..."
 * 14) "Redar Zeljko (feat. Zebrax) - bonus track"

title: Postolar Tripper


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Ziti

Ziti or zite  are a shape of extruded pasta originating from the Italian regions of Campania and Sicily. They are shaped into long, wide tubes, about 25 cm long, that need to be broken by hand into smaller pieces before cooking. Ziti have similarities to bucatini, but are much thicker.

Etymology
Ziti is the plural form of zita and zitu, respectively meaning 'bride' and 'groom' in Sicilian. For this reason, ziti may also be rendered as zite in Italian (with the regular plural form for feminine nouns in -a).

In the crime-drama series The Sopranos, the phrase box of ziti is used as a euphemism for one thousand dollars. This term has spread to become colloquial in New York. The term was used in Albany by Andrew Cuomo during the sentencing of Percoco v. United States in February 2018.

Composition and usage
Ziti strands are made of long and wide tubes, each being around 25 cm. Ziti has similarities to bucatini, rigatoni and penne. Ziti are created from durum wheat flour and water.

They are also used to make pasta alla Norma.

In Sicily, they are traditionally served at a wedding feast.

There’s also zitoni, or zitone, which are a thicker cut than ziti, being in-between ziti and rigatoni.

Baked ziti
Baked ziti is a casserole with ziti pasta and a Neapolitan-style tomato sauce. It is characteristic of Italian-American cuisine. It is a form of pasta al forno.

Typically, the pasta is first boiled separately until it is nearly, but not completely, done. The almost-cooked pasta is added to a tomato-based sauce. The tomato-coated pasta is then combined with cheese, typically a mixture of ricotta, mozzarella, and Parmesan. Other ingredients can be added with the cheese, such as ground meat, sausage, mushrooms, peppers, and onions. The combined ingredients are placed in a baking dish, covered with mozzarella cheese, baked in the oven and served hot. If unavailable, ziti can be substituted with other tubular pastas such as penne or rigatoni.

title: Ziti


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Pretty Vacant

"Pretty Vacant" is a song by the English punk rock band the Sex Pistols. It was released on 2 July 1977 as the band's third single and was later featured on their only album, Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, released during that same year. It is the first song written by the band.

Composition
According to bassist Glen Matlock, the song's main riff was inspired by hearing "SOS" by ABBA. A reversed variant of this riff can be heard in "I'm So Bored With The U.S.A." by The Clash, recorded one month later but released three months earlier than the Sex Pistols record. The B-side of the single was a cover of the Stooges' "No Fun", which the band played on the spot without a proper rehearsal. It was taken from demo sessions recorded by producer Dave Goodman. In an interview for the June 2022 issue of Uncut, Matlock said that ”Pretty Vacant, which is my song and my lyrics, I took inspiration from Richard Hell’s Blank Generation. But I kind of misunderstood what his song was all about. You gotta put the songs in the context of what was going on for a bloke like me in mid-70s London, with the three-day week and the IRA bombings and power cuts, against the fact I was a young man who met some interesting people who was trying to form a rock’n’roll band. Pretty Vacant is a primal scream kind of thing: we don’t know what we’re gonna do, but we’re gonna do it anyway.”

The band made a video for "Pretty Vacant" (as well as one for "God Save the Queen") on 11 and 12 July 1977 at the studios of ITN in Wells Street, London. They were thrown out after throwing cans of lager at the cameramen on the 11th, but came back on the 12th to finish the recording.

Charts
The song reached No. 6 on the UK Singles Chart and marked the band's first appearance on the British chart music TV programme Top of the Pops. The song gained attention for vocalist John Lydon's phrasing of the word "vacant", emphasising the last syllable to sound like the vulgar word cunt.

Reception
NME magazine made it their Single of the Year in 1977.

In March 2005, Q magazine placed the song 26th in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. NME named it the 132nd-greatest song of all time in 2014. Billboard said that the lyrics are milder than some of the group's other songs, "the intense energy level never falters" but that the "bombastic guitar riffs" make the lyrics difficult to hear.

Cash Box said of the single edit that "Rotten's vocals are rhythmic, double-edged and snarling but also cleaned up for airplay" and that it "is a straight forward rocker with upfront drumming, slashing guitar licks and a brash attitude." Record World called it "great rock 'n' roll."

Legacy
A live version of the track from Filthy Lucre Live was released as a single in 1996, and a 7-inch picture disc was released in 2012.

Pretty Vacant was rerecorded for the in-game soundtrack for the 2007 skateboarding videogame Skate, and was included in 2008 rhythm game Guitar Hero: World Tour.

Covers and samples
"Pretty Vacant" was covered by Paul Jones in 1978. Joan Jett released a cover version on single, and Joey Ramone used the lead riff in his cover of "What a Wonderful World". This opening riff has been used as a punk trope on several songs of the genre, for instance in Eskorbuto's "Eskizofrenia" (1984).

The song was used in the 1981 film American Pop. An Irish-language version of the song, entitled "Folamh go Deas" (a literal translation), was also performed by Irish band Na Magairlí in 1981. In 1996 Black Grape released a cover version (very similar to the original) on their single "Fat Neck". South African pop group Shikisha also released a cover version of the song in 1996.

The group the Ukrainians perform a Ukrainian language version of the song on their EP Anarchy in the UK and album Respublika. The French band Les Négresses Vertes, as well as grime MC Lady Sovereign, have both covered "Pretty Vacant" and performed live versions of the song. Lady Sovereign's version is featured in the popular TV show, The O.C. and the cover version is featured on one of the six The O.C. soundtracks called Music from The O.C.: Mix 6 – Covering Our Tracks. Kathy Hampson's Free Elastic Band feature a slow acoustic folk-music style version in their live shows.

Producer Mike Thorne who was involved in the first recordings of the Sex Pistols made his own version of "Pretty Vacant" on his album Sprawl in 2005, with vocals by Lene Lovich.

The song is also the opening theme for the Canadian short-lived comedy sketch show The Vacant Lot.

Books

 * Matlock, Glen with Silverton, Pete (1990). I was a teenage Sex Pistol. Omnibus Press ISBN 0-7119-2491-0
 * Lydon, John (1993). Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs. Hodder & Stoughton ISBN 978-0-85-965341-1
 * Lydon, John (2014). Anger Is an Energy: My Life Uncensored. Simon & Schuster ISBN 978-1-47-113719-8
 * Sex Pistols (2017). Never Mind the Bollocks, Here’s the Sex Pistols, 1977: The Bollocks Diaries. Octopus Publishing Group Ltd ISBN 978-1788400275

title: Pretty Vacant


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User talk:Bbarringer

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 17:19, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Bbarringer


text:
R100

His Majesty's Airship R100 was a privately designed and built British rigid airship made as part of a two-ship competition to develop a commercial airship service for use on British Empire routes as part of the Imperial Airship Scheme. The other airship, the R101, was built by the British Air Ministry, but both airships were funded by the Government.

R100 was built by the Airship Guarantee Company, a specially created subsidiary of the armaments firm Vickers-Armstrongs, led by Commander Dennis Burney. The design team was headed by Barnes Wallis, later famous for his invention of the bouncing bomb. The design team also included Nevil Shute Norway as the senior stress engineer.

R100 first flew in December 1929. It made a series of trial flights and a successful return crossing of the Atlantic in July–August 1930, but following the crash of R101 in October 1930 the Imperial Airship Scheme was terminated and R100 was broken up for scrap.

Background
R100 was built as part of a British government programme to develop airships to provide passenger and mail transport between Britain and the countries of the British Empire, including India, Australia and Canada. This had its origin in Dennistoun Burney's 1922 proposal for a civil airship development programme to be subsidised by the Government and carried out by a specially established subsidiary of Vickers. When the General Election of 1923 brought Ramsay MacDonald’s Labour administration to power, the new Air Minister, Lord Thomson formulated the Imperial Airship Scheme in its place. This called for the building of two experimental airships: one, R101, to be designed and constructed under the direction of the Air Ministry, and the other, R100, to be built by the Vickers subsidiary under a fixed price contract.

Design and development

R100 was constructed at the former RNAS Air Station Howden in Yorkshire, a remote location 3 mi from Howden and 25 mi from Hull. Design work began in 1925 while at the same time the somewhat rundown site was put in order and a hydrogen-generating plant installed.

The specially established subsidiary of Vickers, the Airship Guarantee Company, faced substantial difficulties. The contract for R100's construction was a fixed price one and it was obvious from very early on that the project would incur a loss, and so economies were made; for instance, only a dozen machine tools were in use for construction of the airship. There were also difficulties in finding skilled workers due to the remoteness of the location, and a large proportion of the workers were local people who had to be trained. Conditions in the unheated airship shed were also poor: the roof leaked, ice formed on the girders in winter, and condensation caused corrosion of the airship's duralumin structure, so that the girders had to be varnished. For three years the assembly work was close behind that of the designers, and the progress of the design work was the determining factor in speed of construction.

Airframe
Since wind tunnel tests showed that a 16-side transverse section had about the same drag as a circular one, both R100 and R101 used a smaller number of longitudinal girders than previous airships to simplify stress calculations. Even so, the calculations for the transverse frames required hand computation that took two or three months to produce a solution for each frame. The thoroughness of the stressing calculations was a consequence of new Air Ministry criteria for the strengths required of airships, formulated after the catastrophic structural failure of R38 in 1921. Fewer longitudinal girders resulted in larger unsupported panels of fabric in the envelope, and flight trials were to prove that the R100's covering was barely adequate. The envelope of R101 was also unsatisfactory and a failure in its cover was possibly a cause of its crash.

Barnes Wallis created the frame of the airship using only 11 standard components. The 16 longitudinal girders were formed of three tubes each, formed from strips of Duralumin wound into a helix and riveted together. These connected 15 polygonal transverse frames, which were held in shape by wire bracing connected to a central longitudinal girder running the length of the ship. A further consequence of the new rules for airframe stress design was that a new way of harnessing the lifting force of the gasbags had to be found. Wallis's solution to this problem later led to his innovative geodesic airframe fuselage and wing design for the Wellesley, Wellington, Warwick and Windsor bombers.

The elevators were aerodynamically balanced but the rudders were unbalanced. When the designers learned that R101 had been fitted with servo motors at a substantial cost in weight and money they thought that they had made a mistake and rechecked their calculations. They eventually concluded that their calculations had been correct: when R100 was flown the controls proved both light and effective, and its control characteristics were compared favourably with those of R101 by Nöel Atherstone, First Officer of R101. R100 was built suspended from the roof of its shed. The individual transverse frames were assembled horizontally then lifted up and slung from roof-mounted trackways before being slid into position and attached to the adjacent frames by the longitudinal girders. The ship remained suspended until the gasbags were inflated with hydrogen.

By mid-1929 the ship's structure was nearly complete and its gasbags were inflated. Following inflation of the gasbags, the outer covering of linen fabric painted with aluminium aircraft dope was put in place, and it was completed at the beginning of November. Lift and trim trials were carried out on 11 November: empty weight was 105.52 LT and gasbag volume was 5156000 cuft, giving a standard gross lift of 156.52 LT and so a disposable lift of 51.00 LT. Deducting 18 LT for the service load (crew, stores and ballast) this meant the weight available for fuel and payload was 33.00 LT.

Propulsion
It had originally been intended to design special engines for R100 which would be fuelled by hydrogen and kerosene but after a year's work it was realised that the engine would not be developed in time and it was decided to fit the Beardmore Tornado diesel engine that was being developed for the Air Ministry for installation in R101. At an early stage the Tornado was judged unsuitable because of its weight and other problems, and Wallis settled on the use of six reconditioned Rolls-Royce Condor petrol engines even though the fuel, with its lower flash point, was considered to be a fire risk under tropical conditions. The engines were contained in three gondolas, each with one engine driving a 17 ft (5.18 m) diameter tractor propeller, a second driving a 15 ft (4.57 m) diameter pusher propeller, and a third smaller engine in the middle of the car driving a dynamo for electrical power. The engines driving the pusher propellers were fitted with a gearbox to provide reverse thrust for docking the airship.

Passenger and crew accommodation
The passenger and crew accommodation were arranged on three decks occupying a single bay of the structure and entirely contained within the airship's envelope. The lower deck contained the crew accommodation. The second deck had a dining room, which doubled as the passenger lounge, plus the kitchen, 18 four-berth passenger cabins and a gallery on either side for passengers to enjoy the view through the windows built into the skin. The third deck consisted of a gallery running around the dining room and 14 two-berth cabins.

First flights
R100 made its maiden flight in the morning of 16 December 1929. After departing Howden at 07:53, it flew slowly to York then set course for the Royal Airship Works at Cardington, Bedfordshire, running on five engines since one of the engines had to be shut down because of a cracked water jacket, and completing the mooring process at 13:40. A second flight was made the next day, with the intention of making a flight to London, but shortly after slipping the mast, a strip of fabric became detached from the lower fin, and the flight was limited to a cruise around Bedfordshire to test control response, lasting 6 hr 29 min. The following day, R100 was taken from the mast to No.2 shed at Cardington and work on modifying the wiring holding the cover in place begun: this took until 11 January 1930.

During a test on 16 January 1930, R100 achieved a speed of 81.5 mph. At speed, a problem with the outer covering became apparent: it tended to ripple and flap excessively in the form of a standing wave. During a fourth flight on 20 January, cine film was taken of this phenomenon, which occurred because of the large areas of unsupported fabric; it is also visible in some photographs.

A further short flight was made on 20 January before an endurance flight, starting at 09:38 on 27 January when R100 slipped the mast at Cardington and ending at 15:26 on 29 January after more than 53 hours in the air. Following this flight, it was returned to the shed for work on the cover to be carried out. At the same time, the original reconditioned Condor IIIA engines were replaced by six new Condor IIIBs and some weight was eliminated by reducing the amount of passenger accommodation. The work was complete by the end of April, but on 24 April it was caught by a gust while being walked out of the shed, damaging the tail surfaces. The wind prevented it being replaced in the shed, so it was moored to the mast. It was not possible to return it to the shed for repairs until the morning of 27 April. Repairs took longer than expected, and R100 remained in the shed until 21 May, when it made a 24-hour flight intended to test the new engine installation and modifications to the cover.

R100's contract had originally called for a demonstration flight to India. The decision to use petrol engines resulted in a change in destination to Canada, as it was considered that a flight to the tropics with petrol aboard would be too hazardous. All being well, it was planned to set off for Canada on 25 May. During the flight of 21 May, the conical tail section collapsed due to unexpected aerodynamic pressure, and it was returned to the shed where the original tail section was replaced by a hemispherical cap designed and made by the Royal Airship Works, reducing the airship's length by 15 ft

Transatlantic voyage to Canada
Shortly before R101's flights in June 1930, the Cardington engineers tentatively suggested that the long flights to Canada and India might be postponed until 1931 on the grounds that neither of the two airships was fit to make a lengthy flight at their current developmental stage. The R100 team replied that their airship was perfectly capable of flying to Canada, and that the Canadian flight was a part of their contract. R100 departed for Canada on 29 July 1930, reaching its mooring mast at the St-Hubert, Quebec Airport (outside Montreal) in 78 hours, having covered the great circle route of 3300 mi at an average ground speed of 42 mph. The airship stayed at Montreal for 12 days with over 100,000 people visiting the airship each day while it was moored there, and a song was composed by La Bolduc to make fun of the people's fascination with R100.

It also made a 24-hour passenger-carrying flight to Ottawa, Toronto, and Niagara Falls while in Canada. The airship departed on its return flight on 13 August, reaching Cardington after a 57½ hour flight. Nevil Shute Norway later suggested in Slide Rule: Autobiography of an Engineer that the success of R100's Canadian flight indirectly led to the R101 disaster. Prior to the transatlantic flight, the Cardington team could suggest that neither airship was ready for a performance of such duration. However, when R100 returned in triumph they had to either make the flight to India or admit defeat – which would have meant discredit with the consequent danger of losing their jobs. He said that his team "guessed that their ship was a bad airship, but did not realise" (because of secrecy at Cardington) "how bad the other ship was."

The end of the British airships
The tale of the design of R100 and its claimed superiority to R101 is told in Shute Norway's Slide Rule: Autobiography of an Engineer, first published in 1954. Although flawed and not quite as overwhelmingly superior as Shute Norway implied, R100 represented the best that conventional airship technology in Britain had to offer at the time. R101 suffered in comparison partly because of its many groundbreaking but ultimately dubious innovations, and also because of the weight of its diesel engines. In lifting efficiency, both dirigibles were inferior to the smaller LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin. After R101 crashed and burned in France, en route to India on 5 October 1930, the Air Ministry ordered R100 grounded. The airship was deflated and hung up in its shed at Cardington for a year whilst three options were considered: a complete refit of R100 and continuation of tests for the eventual construction of R102; static testing of R100 and retention of about 300 staff to keep the programme "ticking over"; or retention of staff and the scrapping of the airship. In December 1931, the R100 was broken up and sold for scrap. The framework of the ship was dismantled, flattened by a steamroller and cut up into sections, and sold for less than £600.

title: R100


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Governor Moore (gunboat)

LSNS Governor Moore was a schooner-rigged steamer in the Confederate States Navy.

Governor Moore had been Southern S. S. Company's Charles Morgan, named for the firm's founder and built at New York in 1854 as a schooner-rigged, low pressure, walking beam-engined, seagoing steamer. She was seized at New Orleans, Louisiana by Brigadier General Mansfield Lovell, CSA, in mid-January 1862 "for the public service." As a gunboat, renamed for Louisiana's Governor Thomas Overton Moore, her stem was reinforced for ramming by two strips of flat railroad iron at the waterline, strapped and bolted in place, with pine lumber and cotton-bale barricades to protect her boilers, but the Governor Moore was never commissioned as a ship in the Confederate States Navy.

The larger of two similar cotton-clads owned and operated by the State of Louisiana, Governor Moore was commanded for some time by Lieutenant Beverly Kennon, CSN, then serving as Commander in the Louisiana Provisional Navy without pay. She distinguished herself in the battle of 24 April 1862, when Admiral David Farragut, USN, passed Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip before dawn en route to capture New Orleans. After a furious exchange of raking fire, Governor Moore twice rammed USS Varuna, and a third thrust from another cottonclad forced Varuna aground. Next attacking USS Cayuga, Governor Moore exposed herself to fire from most of the Union flotilla. With practically her whole upper hamper shot away and 61 men dead or dying, she went out of command, drifting helplessly to shore, where her captain, pilot, and a seaman set her afire. Governor Moore blew up while they and three other survivors were being captured by USS Oneida's boats to be imprisoned on board USS Colorado; two-thirds of the two dozen or more crew members escaped into the marshes, the rest being captured by other ships' launches; no one drowned. "The pennant and remains of the ensign were never hauled down," wrote Kennon from Colorado. "The flames that lit our decks stood faithful sentinels over their halyards until they, like the ship, were entirely consumed. I burned the bodies of the slain. Our colors were shot away three times. I hoisted them myself twice; finally every stripe was taken out of the flag, leaving a small constellation of four little stars only, which showed to our enemy how bravely we had defended them." The ship sank with the Louisiana's colors flying.(It is unclear if the flag referred to was the Confederate Stars and Bars or Louisiana State banner of January 1861; the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships claims the latter.)

title: Governor Moore (gunboat)


text:
Phillip Parker King

Rear Admiral Phillip Parker King, FRS, RN (13 December 1791 – 26 February 1856) was an early explorer of the Australian and Patagonian coasts.

Early life and education
King was born on Norfolk Island, to Philip Gidley King and Anna Josepha King née Coombe, and named after his father's mentor, Admiral Arthur Phillip (1738–1814), (first governor of New South Wales and founder of the British penal colony which later became the city of Sydney in Australia), which explains the difference in spelling of his and his father's first names. King was sent to England for education in 1796, and he joined the Royal Naval Academy, at Portsmouth, in county Hampshire, England in 1802. King entered the Royal Navy in 1807, where he was commissioned lieutenant in 1814.

Expeditions in Australia
King was assigned to survey the parts of the Australian coast not already examined by Royal Navy officer, Matthew Flinders, (who had already made three earlier exploratory voyages between 1791 and 1810, including the first circumnavigation of Australia) and made four voyages between December 1817 and April 1822. Amongst the 19-man crew were Allan Cunningham, a botanist, John Septimus Roe, later the first Surveyor-General of Western Australia, and the Aboriginal man, Bungaree. The first three trips were in the 76-tonne cutter HMS Mermaid (1817), but the vessel was grounded in 1829. The Admiralty had instructed King to discover whether there was any river "likely to lead to an interior navigation into this great continent". The Colonial Office had given instructions to collect information about topography, fauna, timber, minerals, climate, and the Indigenous peoples and the prospects of developing trade with them.

First voyage
From February to June 1818, the coast was surveyed as far as Van Diemen Gulf (between the Northern Territory and Timor) and there were many meetings with Aboriginal Australians and proas sailed by Makassans. In June the Mermaid visited Timor before returning to Sydney using the same route, arriving on 29 July.

Second voyage
In December 1818 and January 1819, King surveyed Macquarie Harbour in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), sailing north in May 1819 for Torres Strait. King took John Oxley as far as the Hastings River on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, and continued further up the coast to survey the coastline between Cape Wessel (Northern Territory) and Admiralty Gulf (Western Australia). King returned to Sydney on 12 January 1820.

Third voyage
On King's third voyage, Mermaid ran aground on the Queensland coast, but the crew did not realise how badly it had been damaged until they had rounded the tip of the Cape York Peninsula, sailed through the Torres Strait and across the northern coast as far as the Kimberley in Western Australia. When the ship was taking on water faster than it could be pumped out by the crew, King selected a spot 600 km north-east of present-day Broome, now known as Careening Bay, on Coronation Island, after he was forced to execute a manoeuvre known as careening, or deliberately grounding a ship so that it could be repaired. The crew did not meet any of the local Wunambal people while they were stranded there for 18 days doing the repairs, but they observed that the area was occupied, with Parker commenting in his journal on the dwellings that they observed. He described not only bark shelters on the beach, but more larger and more substantial buildings on top of the hill. He also observed the remnants of sago palm nuts, which were commonly eaten along the coast.

King was concerned at this point of the crew's vulnerability to the armed Makassan proas, as the Makassans harvested trepang (sea cucumbers) and traded along the northern Australian coast at that time, so he ordered the cannons to be mounted along the beach. They managed to repair the ship without incident and sailed away in early October 1820, but not before the ship's carpenter had been instructed to inscribe "Mermaid 1820" on an ancient boab tree, which still stands today.

Fourth voyage
King's fourth voyage was undertaken in the 154-tonne sloop HMS Bathurst. The ship headed north, through Torres Strait and to the north-west coast of the continent, including the Dampier Archipelago. Further survey of the west coast was made after a visit to Mauritius.

Expeditions to South America
King had been promoted to commander in July 1821, and in April 1823 returned to England. He subsequently commanded the survey vessel HMS Adventure, and in company with HMS Beagle, spent five years surveying the complex convoluted coasts around the Strait of Magellan (1826–1830) at the southern tip of South America. At the same time, King put together a unique collection of Patagonian objects from local tribes living in Tierra del Fuego, which was later donated to the British Museum in London. In addition to written records, King also lent his hand to drawing and watercolour painting for illustrations, some of which were later used to illustrate his accounts. The result was presented at a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society in 1831. His eldest son, also named Philip Gidley King, accompanied his father and continued as a midshipman on HMS Beagle (1832–1836) on the continuing survey of Patagonia under Robert FitzRoy, in the company of noted scientist Charles Darwin (1809–1882). King owned a property at Dunheved in the western suburbs of Sydney where he entertained Charles Darwin on Darwin's last night in Sydney in January 1836.

Later life
King was appointed to the first New South Wales Legislative Council in 1829, however he was absent from the colony and did not take his seat, and was replaced by John Campbell. When King returned to the colony in 1832 he pressed for his reappointment to the council, however he was not re-appointed until February 1839. In April the same year King was appointed resident commissioner of the Australian Agricultural Company, a position he held for ten years. King offered to resign from the council on accepting this appointment, but his resignation was not accepted until October. King was again appointed to the Legislative Council in 1850, and was elected as the member for the Counties of Gloucester and Macquarie in 1851.

In 1855 King was promoted to Rear admiral on the retired list. King was a Fellow of the Royal Society.

King died on 26 February 1856 at North Sydney.

Family
King married Harriet Lethbridge in 1817 prior to sailing to New South Wales. Harriet died at Ashfield, Sydney, on 19 December 1874. Together they had eight children including :
 * Philip Gidley (1817–1904) stock manager of the Australian Agricultural Co & later a member of the Legislative Council.
 * John (1820–1895)
 * (William) Essington (1821–1910)
 * Rev. Robert Lethbridge King (1823–1897) was principal of Moore Theological College in 1868–78.
 * (Charles) Macarthur (1824–1903)
 * Frederick (1825–1895),
 * Arthur Septimus (1827–1899)

Legacy
King and his crew made valuable contributions had to the exploration and mapping of Australia, particularly the northern and western coasts. Because he and his crew were prepared to risk the danger of going in close to the shoreline, they were able to complete the valuable work of charting the entire coastline of Australia.

Recognition
King was honoured on the two-pound postage stamp of Australia in 1963. (The Australian pound was replaced by the decimal Australian dollar in 1966.)

The Australian native orchid Dendrobium kingianum was named after him.

King Sound in the Kimberley region was named after him.

John Oxley named the waterway Kings River on 4 October 1818 after King. The name was changed from Kings Creek to King Creek at the request of residents and council on 19 January 2007.

Six species of reptiles are named in his honour: Amphisbaena kingii, Chlamydosaurus kingii, Egernia kingii, Elgaria kingii, Hydrophis kingii, and Liolaemus kingii. Chlamydosaurus kingii, the frill-neck lizard, was first collected by the botanist Cunningham at Careening Cove on the third journey in 1820 (see above).

Works

 *
 * Extracts from a letter addressed by Capt. Philip Parker King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., to N.A. Vigors, Esq., on the animals of the Straits of Magellan. Zoological Journal London 3:422-32. 1828.
 * Notes on birds collected by Capt. King in Chile.Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London, 1831: 29–30.1831
 * King, P.P. and Broderip, W.J. Description of Cirrhipedia, Conchifera and Mollusca, in a collection formed by the officers of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle employed between the years 1826 and 1830 in surveying the southern coasts of South America, including the Straits of Magalhaens and the coast of Tierra del Fuego. The Zoological Journal, 5: 332–349.1832
 * King, P.P. and Broderip, W.J. Description of Cirrhipedia, Conchifera and Mollusca, in a collection formed by the officers of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle employed between the years 1826 and 1830 in surveying the southern coasts of South America, including the Straits of Magalhaens and the coast of Tierra del Fuego. The Zoological Journal, 5: 332–349.1832

title: Phillip Parker King


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Koichi Fukuda

Koichi Fukuda (born July 1, 1975) is a Japanese musician, best known as the lead guitarist, programmer and keyboardist for the American industrial metal band Static-X; he has been a member of the band three times, initially from 1994 to 2000, again from 2005 to 2010 and since 2018. He was also the former lead guitarist of the bands Drugstore Fanatics and Bellusira.

Biography
He was present on Static-X's debut album, Wisconsin Death Trip, but left the band prior to the recording of their second album, Machine, citing personal problems due to excessive touring. However, he did still contribute keyboards to the record. He rejoined Static-X after the firing of their then-current guitarist, Tripp Eisen, at the end of the recording process of the 2005 album Start a War, and was present to record their fifth album, Cannibal.

Between his stints in Static-X, he formed another, less aggressive band called Revolve. Drawing comparisons to Tool and Pink Floyd, they were successful locally and played several concerts in and around the Los Angeles area. They released several demos as free downloads on their website, and released one EP containing several reworked versions of previously released demos, as well as a few new tracks. Fukuda has a son born in 2008.

On Fukuda's rejoining into the band, frontman Wayne Static said:

"We invited [Fukuda] back to do some programming on the record (Start a War). Then Tripp got arrested ... My first thought was let's ask Koichi if he wants to rejoin. I just crossed my fingers and, lucky for us, he said yes. Koichi was with us back in the club days here in Los Angeles, played on our first record, Wisconsin Death Trip, and did the first two years of touring with the band. He's been in the studio with us since October working on the new record and this feels like a very natural transition."

In 2010, Fukuda joined Drugstore Fanatics.

Fukuda contributed to the KMFDM album WTF?!, playing guitar on the song "Come On – Go Off".

Fukuda also contributed to Wednesday 13's 2011 remix EP "Re-Animated". The tracks from the EP were re-released as part of Disc 4 for Wednesday's "Dead Meat: 10 Years of Blood, Feathers & Lipstick" box set under the Disc title: "Re-Animated Resurrected". The disc also featured extra remixes by Koichi.

In 2015, Fukuda was in the Australian rock band Bellusira, working out of Los Angeles.

In October 2018, it was announced that Fukuda – along with the other two surviving original members, bassist Tony Campos and drummer Ken Jay – would be involved in a reunion of Static-X, who were planning to release a new album and tour in 2019 in honor of the memory of their former bandmate Wayne Static. The first of those albums, which had since been announced as being split into two parts, titled Project Regeneration Vol. 1, was released in July 2020.

Equipment

 * ESP Guitars and Ibanez Guitars (particularly favoring the RGR models, with reverse headstock)
 * Fernandes Monterey Deluxe and Revolver Elite Ltd.
 * EMG 60AX, 81X, 89X, SAX, EXG, and SPC pickups and tone controls
 * Seymour Duncan Distortion and Custom bridge pickups, with a Cool Rails in the neck position.
 * Hughes & Kettner Switchblade heads.
 * Digitech GSP-1101 effects unit.
 * Electro-Voice digital wireless system. (the same one Wayne Static used)

title: Koichi Fukuda


text:
Hausen (crater)

Hausen is a large lunar impact crater that lies along the south-southwestern limb of the Moon. It was named after German astronomer Christian A. Hausen by the IAU in 1961.

The visibility of this crater is significantly affected by libration effects, although even under the very best of conditions it is viewed nearly from on edge. It lies along the western edge of the immense walled plain Bailly. To the northeast is the crater Pingré on the near side, and to the north is the Arrhenius just on the far side of the lunar limb.

The rim of this crater is generally circular, with an outward bulge to the south-southeast. The inner wall is terraced at the northern and southern ends, and is more irregular along the eastern and western flanks. The rim along the east and southeast flanks displays slumping, producing a sharp edge. It is not significantly eroded or overlaid by craters, with only a single small craterlet along the southwest rim.

The interior floor is generally level, with a few sites of rough terrain. There is a complex formation of central peaks offset somewhat to the east of the midpoint. This formation extends further in the north–south direction and consists of several ridges separated by valleys. There is a lower range of hills just to the southeast of this range and a small cluster of hills to the south.

Hausen is the largest crater of Eratosthenian age.

Hausen lies to the south of the Mendel-Rydberg Basin, a 630 km wide impact basin of Nectarian age.

Satellite craters
The following craters have been renamed by the IAU:

 * Hausen A — See Chappe.
 * Hausen B — See Pilâtre.

title: Hausen (crater)


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Kitchener range

The Kitchener Range (c. 1802) is a closed-top range patented by George Bodley, a Devon iron-founder. It had a cast-iron hotplate over the fire with removable boiling rings. The second image is more common than the final one, having an oven only to one side. The term Kitchener appears to be applicable to either the single or double oven design.

A further claim, that the Kitchener range was designed by William Flavel in 1829, and lives on in the modern interpretation by Rangemaster, who are still based at Flavels original foundry in Royal Leamington Spa, England.

title: Kitchener range


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Jerome Karle

Jerome Karle (born Jerome Karfunkle; June 18, 1918 – June 6, 2013) was an American physical chemist. Jointly with Herbert A. Hauptman, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985, for the direct analysis of crystal structures using X-ray scattering techniques.

Early life and education
Karle was born in New York City, on June 18, 1918, the son of Sadie Helen (Kun) and Louis Karfunkle. He was born into a Jewish family with a strong interest in the arts. He had played piano as a youth and had participated in a number of competitions, but he was far more interested in science. He attended Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn, and would later join Arthur Kornberg (awarded the Nobel in Medicine in 1959) and Paul Berg (a winner in Chemistry in 1980), as graduates of the school to win Nobel Prizes. As a youth, Karle enjoyed handball, ice skating, touch football and swimming in the nearby Atlantic Ocean.

He started college at the age of 15 and received his bachelor's degree from the City College of New York in 1937, where he took additional courses in biology, chemistry and math in addition to the required curriculum there. He earned a master's degree from Harvard University in 1938, having majored in biology.

As part of a plan to accumulate enough money to pay for further graduate studies, Karle took a position in Albany, New York with the New York State Department of Health, where he developed a method to measure dissolved fluoride levels, a technique that would become a standard for water fluoridation.

He enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1940 and met his future wife, Isabella Lugoski, who was sitting at an adjoining desk during his first course in physical chemistry. The two married in 1942. They were both supervised in their PhD studies by physical chemist Lawrence Brockway. Though Karle completed his studies in 1943, he was awarded his PhD the following year.

Jerome Karle was a former president of both the American Crystallographic Association (ACA) (1972) and the IUCr (1981-1984), as well as a co-recipient of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on direct methods. Among the many additional honors he received for his work, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1976, the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1986, and the American Philosophical Society in 1990.

Research and Nobel Prize
Starting in 1943, after completing graduate studies, Karle worked on the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago with his wife Dr. Isabella Karle, one of the youngest scientists and few women on the project. In 1944, they returned to the University of Michigan, where Karle worked on a project for the United States Naval Research Laboratory. In 1946, they moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Naval Research Laboratory.

Karle and Herbert A. Hauptman were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985 for their work in using X-ray scattering techniques to determine the structure of crystals, a technique that is used to study the biological, chemical, metallurgical and physical characteristics. They were able to employ the Sayre equation in centrosymmetric structure, developing the so-called direct methods. Through isolating the position of the atoms in a crystal, the molecular structure of the material being studied can be determined, allowing processes to be designed to duplicate the molecules being studied. This technique has played a major role in the development of new pharmaceutical products and other synthesized materials.

Karle and his wife retired from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory on July 31, 2009, after a combined 127 years of service to the United States Government, with Karle joining the NRL in 1944 and his wife two years later. At the time of his departure from government service, Karle held the chair of science as chief scientist of the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter. Retirement ceremonies for the Karles were attended by United States Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus, who presented the couple with the Department of the Navy Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the Navy's highest form of recognition to civilian employees.

Personal
Karle was married to Isabella Helen Lugoski (1921-2017) with whom he had three daughters, all of whom work in scientific fields:
 * Louise Karle (born 1946) is a theoretical chemist
 * Jean Karle (born 1950) is an organic chemist
 * Madeleine Karle (born 1955) is a museum specialist with expertise in the field of geology.

Death
Karle died of liver cancer on June 6, 2013, at the Leewood Healthcare Center in Annandale, Virginia. Karle is interred at the Columbia Gardens Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.

title: Jerome Karle


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brian Schilpp

Brian Schilpp
This smells like nonsense and Google hasn't been able to verify any part of the aritcle. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 17:25, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hoax. "After only 3 months of enjoying Vietnamese food, Brian was attacked by 17 ninjas, who he defeated single-handily with a katana and some parsley." Ah, I see. There are two or three real Brian Schilpps out there, none of them ever seem to have encountered ninjas in Vietnam. Or parsley, for all we know. JRM 18:34, 2004 Dec 11 (UTC)
 * BJAODN, hoax. But surely, someone as well traveled as all that would have run into parsley at least once. - RedWordSmith 19:00, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedily deleted as patent nonsense. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 19:17, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)


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Pediatric ophthalmology

Pediatric ophthalmology is a sub-speciality of ophthalmology concerned with eye diseases, visual development, and vision care in children.

Training
In the United States, pediatric ophthalmologists are physicians who have completed medical school, a 1-year internship, 3-year residency in ophthalmology, and a 1-year fellowship in pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. Pediatric ophthalmology fellowships in the United States are accredited by the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.

Clinical expertise
Pediatric ophthalmologists focus on the development of the visual system and the various diseases that disrupt visual development in children. Pediatric ophthalmologists also have expertise in managing the various ocular diseases that affect children. Pediatric ophthalmologists are qualified to perform complex eye surgery as well as to manage children's eye problems using glasses and medications. Many ophthalmologists and other physicians refer pediatric patients to a pediatric ophthalmologist for examination and management of ocular problems due to children's unique needs. In addition to children with obvious vision problems, children with head turns, head tilts, squinting of the eyes, or preferred head postures (torticollis) are typically referred to a pediatric ophthalmologist for evaluation. Pediatric ophthalmologists typically also manage adults with eye movement disorders (such as nystagmus or strabismus) due to their familiarity with strabismus conditions.

Eye problems in children
Children experience a variety of eye problems, many quite distinct from adult eye diseases. Pediatric ophthalmologists are specially trained to manage the following disorders:
 * Infections (Conjunctivitis).
 * Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes that affects 2-4% of the population; it is often associated with amblyopia. The inward turning gaze commonly referred to as "crossed-eyes" is an example of strabismus. The term strabismus applies to other types of misalignments, including an upward, downward, or outward turning eye.
 * Amblyopia (aka lazy eye) occurs when the vision of one eye is significantly better than the other eye, and the brain begins to rely on the better eye and ignore the weaker one. Amblyopia affects 4% of the population and is clinically diagnosed when the refractive error of one eye is more than 1.5 diopters different from the other eye (anisometropia) or one of the eye is misaligned for a long period of time (Strabismus).  The management of amblyopia involves correcting of significant refractive errors and using techniques that encourage the brain to pay attention to the weaker eye such as patching the stronger eye (occlusion therapy).
 * Blocked tear ducts.
 * Ptosis
 * Retinopathy of prematurity
 * Nystagmus
 * Visual inattention
 * Pediatric cataracts
 * Pediatric glaucoma
 * Abnormal vision development
 * Genetic disorders often cause eye problems for affected children. Since approximately 30% of genetic syndromes affect the eyes,  examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist can help with the diagnosis of genetic conditions.  Many pediatric ophthalmologists participate with multi-disciplinary medical teams that treat children with genetic syndromes.
 * Congenital malformations affecting vision or the tear drainage duct system can be evaluated and possibly surgically corrected by a pediatric ophthalmologist.
 * Orbital tumours
 * Refractive errors such as myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (far-sightedness) and astigmatism can often be corrected with prescriptions for glasses or contacts.
 * Accommodative insufficiency
 * Convergence insufficiency and asthenopia
 * Evaluation of visual issues in education, including dyslexia and attention deficit disorder.

Pediatric ophthalmologists often work in conjunction with orthoptists in the treatment of strabismus.

History
Frank D. Costenbader was an American physician frequently credited as the world's first pediatric ophthalmologist. Costenbader and Marshall M. Parks (his mentee who would later be known to many as "the father of pediatric ophthalmology") began the first ophthalmology fellowship trained program of any subspecialty at the Children's Hospital in Washington, D.C., now known as the Children's National Medical Center. Parks trained many pediatric ophthalmologists during his career and was instrumental in the establishment of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, a national organization dedicated to improving the quality and management of pediatric ocular disease. Over time, over 30 programs were developed for the training of pediatric ophthalmologists throughout the United States. The American Academy of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus works with the American Academy of Pediatrics on issues related to pediatric eye disease and vision screening guidelines.

Other notable pediatric ophthalmologists have included: Jack Crawford, John T. Flynn, David S. Friendly, Eugene R. Folk, David Guyton, Robison D. Harley, Eugene Helveston, Arthur Jampolsky, Barrie Jay, Phillip Knapp, Burton J. Kushner, Henry Metz, Marilyn T. Miller, John Pratt-Johnson, Arthur Rosenbaum, William E. Scott, Gunter K. von Noorden, and Mette Warburg.

title: Pediatric ophthalmology


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Nashville Predators captains

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. -- AllyUnion (talk) 11:54, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

List of Nashville Predators captains

 * Would be better fitting if merged with this main article. Coolgamer 17:56, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

This was improperly and not completely posted to VfD. I'm finishing the process. I vote to Keep. See Category:Lists of NHL team captains. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-13 11:42 Z

See redirect page or VfD version with a list of two people since I've already implemented the redirect. Mozzerati 16:36, 2005 Feb 13 (UTC)

 * Merge or move -doesn't need its own page Brookie 12:03, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep, this issue has already been debated at Votes for deletion/List of Atlanta Thrashers captains. - SimonP 15:25, Feb 13, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as a redirect comment: to make a merge doesn't need a VfD vote and there's no reason not to leave this in as a redirect. It will make this easier to find in Google.  N.B. I've already implemented a redirect.  If you feel that was wrong, feel free to revert for now.  Mozzerati 16:36, 2005 Feb 13 (UTC)
 * Merge into Nashville Predators, no need to have a seperate list on this. Megan1967 00:55, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not really useful. JamesBurns 07:41, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Felix Z. Longoria Jr.

Felix Z. Longoria (April 16, 1920 – June 16, 1945) was an American soldier from Texas, who served in the United States Army as a private. He died during World War II and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery after veterans supported his cause in a dispute over his funerary arrangements.

Longoria was killed during the war, in the Philippines in 1945, but his body was not returned to his family until 1949. Upon receiving the body, his family attempted to arrange to bury him at the local cemetery, which was segregated and limited to whites. The only funeral home in town denied wake services since Felix was Mexican-American. The American GI Forum, a local activist group, fought against the injustice, and he was eventually buried in Arlington National Cemetery near Washington D.C.

Personal
Born and raised in Three Rivers, Texas, Felix Longoria moved to Corpus Christi with his wife in search of work. He was working there as a truck driver and he and his wife had a four-year-old daughter. Feeling the call to service, in November 1944, Longoria enlisted in the US Army.

In late April 1945, he shipped out from Fort Ord, California, to the 27th Infantry Regiment of the 25th Infantry Division, then located in Luzon in the Philippines. He arrived on Luzon Island around June 1, 1945. The platoon was ambushed by a hidden Japanese machine gunner within two weeks of landing, and Longoria was among those killed. His remains were not recovered and identified until 1949. Once they were identified, the Army arranged to have them returned to the United States and to his family.

Social climate
In Texas during the 1940s, as in other parts of the country, Mexican Americans were socially considered non-white but they were counted as white on the census. Segregation of Mexican American children in schools and employment discrimination against Mexican American workers was pervasive in the Southwestern United States. The town of Three Rivers was no exception. The section nearest the river and west of the railroad was setup for Mexican Americans to live in segregation (see referenced map: the streets west of the rail lines have names in Spanish).

Generally during World War II, Mexican-American servicemen were integrated into regular military units, but some served in segregated Mexican-American units, such as Company C, 141st Infantry Regiment, 36th Infantry Division of the Texas Army National Guard.

Funeral and burial arrangements
The soldier's widow tried to make arrangements with the director of the funeral home in Three Rivers to hold a wake for Longoria at the funeral home. Tom Kennedy, the funeral home director, would not allow this. He said that because the late soldier was a "Mexican," "the whites would not like it." He repeated this sentiment in phone conversations with Hector P. Garcia and reporter, George Groh, of the Corpus Christi Caller. Kennedy was willing to set up a wake at the Longoria home, in the segregated area across the railroad tracks from the white section of town, as was the customary treatment of Mexican Americans by the Three Rivers community. Longoria was to be re-interred in the Longoria Cemetery (purchased by his father in 1925), which abutted the West side of the town's all-white cemetery. This portion of the cemetery, separated by a fence at that time, was reserved by the Three Rivers community for the Mexican Americans.

After an investigation into the Longoria Affair, U.S. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson offered to have Private Longoria's remains interred at Arlington National Cemetery. He wanted to end the controversy related to where the wake would be held prior to burial. When the New York Times reported on the local difficulties faced by Longoria's family in Three Rivers, the case attracted national attention and it became known as the Felix Longoria Affair. Walter Winchell on his radio program stated "The big state of Texas looks mighty small tonight".

Outraged Tejanos who sought to end such discrimination, organized under the newly formed American GI Forum and its leader, Hector P. Garcia. With the incident being reported by national papers, Freshman Senator Lyndon B. Johnson intervened in the case. He gained approval for Longoria's remains to be reinterred in Arlington National Cemetery in a full military ceremony, along with the remains of eighteen other soldiers whose remains had been repatriated from foreign soil where they had served and died. Full military honors were accorded each burial.

Texas House of Representatives committee investigation
Under mounting national pressure, the State of Texas took action. The Texas House of Representatives appointed a five-person committee to investigate the allegations of racism. The Committee met in the Three Rivers Chamber of Commerce, next to the barber shop that served only whites. The committee conducted open hearings to take testimony, statements, and hear arguments on the issue. In the end, two reports were filed. The majority report found that no racism had occurred. Frank Oltorf, dissenting member, wrote a minority report concluding that the funeral home's actions were discriminatory based on race. The reports and supporting documentation were filed with the Texas House of Representatives. When one of the members removed his name from the majority report, both reports were pulled from the record. The summaries of both reports, without any supporting documentation, are all that survive.

Decorations

 * Purple Heart
 * Good Conduct Medal
 * Combat Infantryman Badge

Chicano movement
What has now become known as the "Longoria Affair" was a pivotal moment in the early stages of the post-World War II Chicano Movement in the United States. The newly formed GI Forum (est. March 1948) was advocating on behalf of segregated Hispanic veterans receiving unequal treatment by the military in Corpus Christi. Mrs. Longoria and her sister contacted Hector P. Garcia, founder of the American GI Forum, who began lobbying for improvements. The national and international press picked up the story and the movement even impacted U.S.–Mexican relations.

The Felix Longoria affair became an early example of a unifying event in the Chicano Movement. The intervention of García and the American GI Forum in the matter led to an increased interest around the country in opening local chapters of the organization.

Among Mexican Americans and Hispanics across the country, the incident became a rallying point and a recruiting tool for the GI Forum that soon had chapters across the US.

Texas Historical Marker
In 2004, Santiago Hernandez of Corpus Christi, who was an employee of the federal prison near Three Rivers, began a push for local recognition of Private Felix Longoria in Three Rivers. He proposed to name the city's post office in honor of Longoria. This revived former tensions and longstanding resentments, both among survivors and a new generation, related to the events of 1948–1949 and discrimination against Hispanics. In this atmosphere the proposal was rejected.

Hernandez gained permission from the Tejano owner of the now closed and dilapidated funeral home to place a Texas Historical Marker on the property. The Texas Historical Commission granted permission, over the objections of the local historical commission and the mostly white supporters of Mr. Kennedy to the marker and to the information on it. The marker was installed in the Spring of 2010, and many in the community attended the dedication. In 2014, new owners of the funeral home demolished it and converted the lot into a parking area. The historical marker was damaged in the process; after it was hit by a car soon after, it was removed. The new owners of the property asked that the marker not be returned after it was repaired, so it was rededicated and installed in the town square at the entrance to city hall.

The events of 1944 and the placement of the historical marker were covered in a documentary film: the film, The Longoria Affair. The exact words Mr. Kennedy reportedly used and his reasons for denying the use of the funeral home are disputed by some locals in Three Rivers, and the family and friends of Mr. Kennedy.

title: Felix Z. Longoria Jr.


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Black-footed albatross

The black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) is a large seabird of the albatross family Diomedeidae from the North Pacific. All but 2.5% of the population is found among the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It is one of three species of albatross that range in the northern hemisphere, nesting on isolated tropical islands. Unlike many albatrosses, it is dark plumaged.

Taxonomy
Black-footed albatrosses are a type of albatross that belong to family Diomedeidae of the order Procellariiformes, along with shearwaters, fulmars, storm petrels, and diving petrels. They share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns. Although the nostrils on the albatross are on the sides of the bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. Finally, they produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This is used both against predators and as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. They also have a salt gland that is situated above the nasal passage that helps desalinate their bodies, to compensate for the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. It excretes a high saline solution from their nose.

The specific epithet of nigripes is derived from two Latin words, niger meaning "black", and pes meaning "foot".

Description
The black-footed albatross is a small member of the albatross family (while still large compared to most other seabirds) that has almost all black plumage. Some adults show white undertail coverts, and all adults have white markings around the base of the beak and below the eye. As the birds age they acquire more white at the base of the beak. Its beak and feet are also all dark. They have only the one plumage. They measure 68 to(-), have a wingspan of 190 to(-), and weigh 2.6 - 4.3 kg. Males, at an average weight of 3.4 kg are larger than females, at an average of 3 kg.

Distribution and habitat
The black-footed albatross, along with the Laysan albatross and the rare short-tailed albatross, are the three species of albatross that range in the northern hemisphere, as opposed to the rest of the family which range from the Equator south. There are at least 12 known breeding locations, but 97.5% of the total population is found colonially on the isolated Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, from Kure Atoll to Kaula Island, (such as Laysan, Midway, and the French Frigate Shoals). Small populations can be found on the Japanese islands of Tori Shima, Bonin, and Senkaku, and off the Mexican coast, primarily on Isla Guadalupe. They are extirpated from the Iwo Jima, Agrihan, Taongi Atoll, Marcus Island, Wake Island, and Johnston Island. Their range at sea varies during the seasons (straying farther from the breeding islands when the chicks are older or they don't have chicks) but they make use of great areas of the North Pacific, feeding from Alaska to California and Japan; however they do prefer the northeastern Pacific Ocean. They overlap greatly in breeding and feeding range with the other two species of northern albatross, although the other two will range further north into the Bering Sea than the Black-footed will. They have, on occasion, been sighted in the southern hemisphere.

Behavior
Their vocalizations range from shrieks and squeals while fighting over food to bill-clapping, whistles, groans, and quacks while courting.

Breeding
The black-footed albatross, like the rest of its family, forms long term pair-bonds that last for life. After fledging the birds return to the colony after three years, and spend two years building nests, dancing and being with prospective mates, a behaviour that probably evolved to ensure maximum trust between the birds (raising an albatross chick is a massive energetic investment, and a long courting period establishes for both birds that the other is committed). They will start reproducing after about seven years, mating every two years.

Nests are simple depressions scraped in the sand, into which one dull white with reddish brown spots egg is laid. The egg is incubated for just over two months (65 days). Both birds incubate the egg, the male incubating more as the female leaves soon after hatching to recoup reserves used for egg-laying. The average time spent on incubating shifts is 18 days. However, mates can wait up to 38 days to be relieved, and if something happens to the mate the other has been recorded incubating for 49 days without food or water.

The chick is brooded for 20 days by its parents, after which both parents leave the nest and return to feed the chick. The chick is fed regurgitated food by sticking its bill inside that of its parent. Fledging occurs after 140 days.

Feeding
The black-footed albatross feeds in pelagic waters, taking the eggs of flying fish, live fish, fish offal, squid and to a lesser extent crustaceans. It will also consume floating debris, including plastics.

Conservation
The black-footed albatross is considered near threatened by the IUCN, because it is taken incidentally by longline fishing. An estimated 4,000 are taken every year (based on the number that were taken in 1990); other estimates put the number at 8,000, although more recent estimates are at around 6,150 per year, with the majority of deaths caused by Taiwanese and Japanese fishing fleets. It is also vulnerable to oil pollution in the water, and to the ingestion of floating plastics, which reduces the space in the stomach available for food to be brought to its chicks. Volcanic eruptions on Torishima also continue to pose a threat.

The black-footed albatross has an occurrence range of 37600000 km2 and a breeding range of 28 km2, with a population of 129,000 adult birds. Of these birds, 24,000 pairs breed on Midway Atoll and 21,000 pairs breed on Laysan Island. Torishima has 1,218 pairs, the Bonin Islands have 23 pairs and there are about 400 pairs on offshore Mexican islands (337 of those are on Guadalupe Island). (All these numbers are based on estimates made from 2005 to 2007).

All of its nesting sites in the U.S. are protected, along with a 50 nmi buffer zone around these islands. Within this buffer zone, longline fishing is outlawed. Almost 80% of the breeding population is counted or sampled each year, and most fisheries take measures to prevent seabird bycatch.

title: Black-footed albatross


text:
User:Pdinhofer

My user id is my real name. I am interested in technical aspects of our world and its affect on our lives. This resource is important to the future or our children and I hope to be a part of it. If I have made changes or additions that seem inappropriate please let me know. My goal is to clarify and inform.

title: User:Pdinhofer


text:
Moisis Michail Bourlas

Moisis Michail Bourlas (Μωυσής Μιχαήλ Μπουρλάς; May 9, 1918 – March 17, 2011) was a Greek Jewish member of the World War II resistance.

Biography
He was born Moisis Bourlas on May 9, 1918 in Cairo. His parents were both Greek Jews; his father from the city of Volos and his mother from the island of Khios. Moisis was the fourth child of a large family. His parents were forced to return to Greece due to financial problems. The Bourlas family first established in Naousa and then in Thessaloniki. Since his childhood Moisis assisted his father who was employed in a bakery.

After finishing high school, he became an apprentice turner (lathe operator). In 1935, Bourlas became a member of OKNE, the Organization of Communist Youths of Greece. When World War II erupted, Bourlas was serving in the Engineers' Arms of the Greek Military in the Greek part of Thrace. As an army bridge constructor, he was transferred to the Albanian front to combat the Italian invasion of 1940-1941, where he fought in the front line. In February 1943, right after the Nazi occupation forces had imposed their "racial measures" that eventually led to the Holocaust, Bourlas joined the resistance forces of ELAS (Greek National Liberation Army) under the alias "Byron", and fought in the 30th Regiment on the mountain of Paiko near Kilkis.

In the summer of 1945, after the Varkiza agreement that preluded the Greek Civil War, Bourlas was arrested for his political convictions and exiled in the Greek islands of Icaria, Makronisos and Ai Stratis. Thanks to a Greek-Israeli agreement in 1951, Bourlas was released from his exile and immigrated to Israel. He worked there as a turner, while he was actively involved in the Communist Party of Israel and the workers' movement. He stayed in Israel until 1967, when the anti-communism of the Israeli society developed after the Six-Day War forced him and his Russian Jewish wife to  flee the country. After a short stay in Bulgaria, Bourlas and his wife went to the Soviet Union, where they established in a town near the Ural Mountains. During his stay in the Soviet Union, Bourlas adopted the middle name "Michail".

Bourlas continued to work as a turner until 1982, when he became a pensioner and started his efforts to return to Greece. He established in the city of Sukhumi in the Georgian SSR, where he became a Greek language teacher to the young Greek students of the area. He returned to Greece in August 1990, without any resources or financial aid, where he started a new struggle to survive and regain his Greek citizenship that he had lost when he emigrated to Israel. Bourlas eventually succeeded to regain his citizenship in 1999. In 2000, he published his autobiography "Greek, Jew and Left" (Greek: Έλληνας, Εβραίος και Αριστερός) under the name of Moisis Michail Bourlas.

During the last years of his life, Moisis Michail Bourlas lived in the Saoul Modiano Home for the Elderly in Thessaloniki. He continued to be actively involved in the Greek left and the city's affairs. In 2002 and again in 2006, he ran as a candidate for the city council of Thessaloniki, in the ticket of "Thessaloniki for Citizens and Ecology" led by Tasos Kourakis. He died on March 17, 2011. His remains are buried in the Jewish cemetery of Stavroupoli, Thessaloniki.

title: Moisis Michail Bourlas