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British Rail GT3

GT3 (Gas Turbine 3) was a prototype mainline gas turbine locomotive built in 1961 by English Electric at its Vulcan Foundry in Newton-le-Willows to investigate the use of its gas turbines in rail traction applications. It followed 18000 and 18100 as gas turbines 1 and 2. It was designed by English Electric engineer J. O. P. Hughes in a project that started in the early 1950s. Externally it resembled a steam tender locomotive, but the tender carried kerosene fuel. The designer said the traditional chassis and mechanical transmission avoided complications with (at the time of its conception) relatively untried technologies for bogies and electrical transmission.

Overview
The National Railway Museum Archives hold the JOP Hughes papers which contain initial concept sketches for various 4-8-4 wheel arrangement single-unit configurations of the machine and early 4-6-0 tender locomotive drawings. These early concept drawings show various names, numbers and liveries, and were drawn with Boxpok-type wheels. The final design was for a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement locomotive with a fuel tender, looking much like a traditional steam locomotive in form.

As constructed the locomotive was built with bespoke heavy steel frames which not only bore the auxiliaries, combustion chamber, turbines, heat exchanger and locomotive cab, but also provided adhesive weight for the finished machine. The frames were carried by a leading two-axle outside-framed bogie and three main axles. The driving wheels were of conventional design in the finished locomotive and were of 5 ft diameter with 19 spokes and conventional balance weights. The centre axle mounted a mechanical transmission shaft driven from the turbine assembly, with power to the outer axles being transmitted by side rods. Power came from an English Electric EM27L gas turbine arrangement of 2750 hp with high- and low-pressure turbines. The low-pressure turbine ran continuously in operation and was used to drive the locomotive's auxiliaries, with the high-pressure turbine operating as higher power outputs were required. Both the locomotive and its fuel tender were vacuum-braked, with vacuum brake ejectors being driven by air pressure bled from the turbine. The locomotive's other auxiliaries (housed in its leading end beneath the large side air intakes) were shaft- and belt-driven.

The tender was permanently coupled behind the locomotive and contained a Spanner train heating boiler at the leading end and fuel tanks either side of a central corridor with a boiler water tank beneath. A crew toilet compartment and British Standard corridor connection were located at the rear. The six-wheel chassis was based on then standard British Railways practice, albeit it with specially made and shaped side frames and bespoke tank and bodywork assembled at Vulcan Foundry. The locomotive had a designed maximum speed of 90 mph, weighed 123.5 LT, and was painted in a lined Beech Leaf Brown Livery, earning it the nickname The Chocolate Zephyr by railway enthusiasts. Underframes, grilles and the front access and cab doors were painted Brunswick Green with lettering and lining in Orange.

Testing
The locomotive was taken to British Railways' Rugby test centre in an incomplete state for testing on rollers, and then on a short section of specially laid track. After returning to Vulcan Foundry for final assembly, the locomotive was then based at the former locomotive shed at Whitchurch in Shropshire for initial light testing and crew training on the Malpas line between Crewe and Chester, before commencing loaded test runs to Llandudno Junction. One of these runs was filmed from on board the locomotive by British Movietone News and the resulting film also showed the locomotive being turned on Llandudno Junction turntable. In the event not all of the planned North Wales Coast Line test runs were completed.

GT3 then moved to Leicester Shed on the Great Central Main Line line for testing and crew training between Leicester and Woodford Halse and then Leicester and Marylebone. Leicester was convenient for English Electric's Whetstone turbine works. During this period it was displayed at Marylebone for the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Locomotive Engineers. The event ran from 11 to 14 May 1961 and GT3 was filmed by British Pathé being inspected by the Duke of Edinburgh. Later testing was undertaken on the West Coast Main Line from Crewe over Shap Summit to Carlisle. On one of these runs Oswald Nock travelled on board and was able to both witness the locomotive in operation and record its performance, his log of the trip later appearing in The Railway Magazine's practice and performance feature for February 1962. Commenting on the testing the designer noted that, despite some of the expected teething troubles and modifications, once it had departed on a test run GT3 had never failed to complete its booked workings. The locomotive was described as being comfortable and easy to handle for the crew, with conversation at normal volumes possible in the fully enclosed cab.

Demise
Despite returning favourable performances on longer runs requiring sustained power outputs, the prototype nature of the locomotive would have required further investigation and development into a configuration which would have matched the convenience of the new double-ended diesel-electric locomotives then being built. Neither English Electric or British Railways were prepared to fund this work as they were committed to diesel-electric locomotives.They were rapidly becoming the future of rail traction with ever-improving power-to-weight ratios.

Upon completion of the Shap test runs GT3 was returned to English Electric at Vulcan Foundry at the end of 1962 and stored. Following internal correspondence in September 1965 the locomotive was partially dismantled and its turbine and heat exchanger equipment removed. It was finally scrapped at Thos. W. Ward, Salford in February 1966 having been towed there by a Standard class steam locomotive.

Surviving Records
The most complete record of the locomotive is contained in the paper written by its designer in 1962 and in his papers now held at the National Railway Museum Archives in York. Much of what had been written about the locomotive was based on conjecture until these sources became available; subsequently an article in The Railway Magazine for December 2015 brought together an accurate and verifiable record of the locomotive. No detailed engineering drawings of the locomotives as built are thought to have survived, the York archive containing an internal memo instructing that these were to be returned to the Gas Turbine division of English Electric when dismantling commenced in 1965. Several articles with drawings have appeared in the railway modelling press since the locomotive was scrapped, but most appear to be based on a contemporary sectional view widely published at the time and are flawed with regard to details such as driving wheels (19-spoke), roof and side access hatches, cab rear, tender front and tender rear. The most accurate drawing appears to have been a contemporary "Skinley" drawing produced with the assistance of JOP Hughes. A copy resides with correspondence between Hughes and Skinley in the JOP Hughes papers at the National Railway Museum. In recent years a 5-inch (127 mm) gauge turbine powered model of the locomotive has been built and exhibited in the UK.

Models
Canadian-based Model Railway manufacturer KR Models announced that would be creating a OO Scale model of the GT3 in its prototype brown livery in 2018, and the model was delivered in 2020.

title: British Rail GT3


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Pat Jennings

Patrick Anthony Jennings (born 12 June 1945 ) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is widely recognised as one of the greatest goalkeepers in the history of the sport.

He played 119 international matches for Northern Ireland in an international career which lasted for over 22 years. During his career, Jennings played for Newry Town, Watford and in the top division with Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal, winning the FA Cup with both of the north London rivals. In total, Jennings made over 1,000 top level appearances, and despite being a goalkeeper, he scored from play in the 1967 FA Charity Shield.

Newry Town & Watford
After playing for a local under-18 side in Newry at the age of 11 (named Shamrock Rovers, not to be confused with the Dublin club of the same name), Jennings concentrated on Gaelic football until he was sixteen years old, when he made his football comeback with his hometown side Newry Town. After impressing with the team he moved to English Third Division side Watford in May 1963. Jennings again impressed in his first season in England, playing every league game for his club, and making two international appearances that season. He was signed by Tottenham Hotspur for £27,000 in June 1964.

Tottenham Hotspur
Jennings spent thirteen years at White Hart Lane, where he played in 472 league games for Spurs, and 591 in all competitions. He won the FA Cup in 1967, the League Cup in 1971 and 1973, and the UEFA Cup in 1972. He also scored once, in the 1967 Charity Shield, from his own area, kicking the ball from his hands and sending a large punt down the field that bounced over Manchester United goalkeeper Alex Stepney and into the net. In 1973 the Football Writers' Association named him as its footballer of the year. Three years later he won PFA's version of the award – he was the first goalkeeper to receive this accolade, and to this date remains only one of two, along with Peter Shilton.

Arsenal
On 6 August 1977, he was transferred to Tottenham's arch-rivals, Arsenal, with Tottenham thinking he was nearing the end of his career. However, Jennings saw off rivals for the goalkeeper's jersey to play for Arsenal for another eight years. Whilst at Highbury, he helped Arsenal to four Cup finals in three successive years; the FA Cup final in 1978, 1979, and 1980, as well as the European Cup Winners Cup final that year. However, Arsenal only managed to win the second of these finals, a 3–2 victory against Manchester United. In total, Jennings made 327 appearances for Arsenal, 237 of them in the League, between 1977 and his eventual retirement from first-team club football in 1985. On 26 February 1983, he became the first player in English football to make 1,000 senior appearances, celebrating this milestone with a clean sheet in a goalless league draw for Arsenal at West Bromwich Albion. Jennings played his last game in the league for Arsenal against Sheffield Wednesday 25 November 1984, and he was finally replaced by John Lukic as the first choice keeper. A farewell match for Jennings was played against Tottenham Hotspur 8 May 1985 at Highbury.

Later career
After his retirement, Jennings returned to Tottenham Hotspur, playing mostly in their reserve side to maintain his match sharpness for Northern Ireland's 1986 World Cup campaign. His final appearance for Tottenham was in the Football League Super Cup against Liverpool in January 1986. He was also briefly on Everton's books, having been signed as goalkeeping cover for the 1986 FA Cup Final against Liverpool, Neville Southall having been injured playing for Wales.

International career
Jennings made his Northern Ireland debut as an eighteen-year-old, whilst playing for Watford. This game, on 15 April 1964, was a British Home Championship match against Wales, Northern Ireland won the game 3–2; George Best made his international debut in the same game. He made four appearances in Northern Ireland’s best-ever performance at the 1982 World Cup, conceding only one goal in the three first group stage games — including a 1-0 win with 10 men against hosts Spain — before letting four past him against eventual group D winners France in the second group stage games.

Despite retiring from club football in 1985, Jennings played his final international game at the 1986 World Cup, on his 41st birthday, making him at the time the World Cup's oldest-ever participant. The match was Northern Ireland's final group game, a 3–0 defeat against Brazil. In total, Jennings participated in the qualifying stages of six World Cups between 1966 and 1986.

Retirement
Following his retirement Jennings has worked as a goalkeeping coach. He has worked at Tottenham in this capacity since 1993. In 2003 Jennings was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in recognition of the skills he demonstrated in the English league. His son, also named Pat, is also a goalkeeper, having played for League of Ireland clubs University College Dublin, Derry City, Shamrock Rovers and NIFL Premiership club Glenavon.

Jennings and his family have lived for many years in Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, where his son attended The Broxbourne School along with the sons of fellow Spurs players Chris Hughton, Osvaldo Ardiles and Ray Clemence. He is still associated with Spurs and hosts Corporate Hospitality fans in the Pat Jennings Lounges at White Hart Lane and Windsor Park, Belfast.

Personal life
Jennings married Eleanor Toner, a singer from Newry, in 1967. They have four children: Mairead, Siobhan, Ciara and Patrick Junior, a goalkeeper. Jennings is Catholic.

Honours
Jennings was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to association football in the 1976 Birthday Honours; he was promoted to Officer of the same Order (OBE) in the 1987 New Year Honours for services to football, particularly in Northern Ireland, and promoted further to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2023 New Year Honours for services to association football and charity. On 8 November 2023, Jennings unveiled a statue in his honour in Kildare Street, Newry.

Tottenham Hotspur
 * FA Cup: 1966–67
 * Football League Cup: 1970–71, 1972–73
 * FA Charity Shield: 1967
 * UEFA Cup: 1971–72

Arsenal
 * FA Cup: 1978–79

Northern Ireland
 * British Home Championship: 1979–80, 1983-84

Individual
 * Rothmans Golden Boots Awards: 1973, 1974
 * FWA Footballer of the Year: 1972–73
 * PFA Players' Player of the Year: 1975–76
 * PFA First Division Team of the Year: 1973–74, 1975–76
 * World XI: 1973
 * FWA Tribute Award: 1986
 * Football League 100 Legends: 1998
 * English Football Hall of Fame: 2003

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pat Jennings


text:
Bill Roscoe

Andrew William Roscoe is a Scottish computer scientist. He was Head of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford from 2003 to 2014, and is a Professor of Computer Science. He is also a Fellow of University College, Oxford.

Education and career
Roscoe was born in Dundee, Scotland. He studied for a degree in mathematics at University College, Oxford, from 1975 to 1978, graduating with the top mark for his year in the university. He went on to work at the Computing Laboratory and received his DPhil in 1982. He was appointed Tutorial Fellow at University College in 1983 and served as Senior Tutor from 1993 to 1997. He was head of the Department of Computer Science 2003-08 and 2009–14.

Research
Professor Roscoe works in the area of concurrency theory, in particular the semantic underpinning of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) and the associated occam programming language with Sir Tony Hoare. He co-founded Formal Systems (Europe) Limited and worked on the algorithms for the Failures-Divergence Refinement (FDR) tool.

title: Bill Roscoe


text:
Aitaroun

Aitaroun (or Aytaroun; عيترون) is a Lebanese village located in the caza of Bint-Jbeil at 33.1156° North, 35.4722° East. It is on the northern border of Israel, and 125 km from Beirut. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.

Name
The village's name origin is Itruma, which means the beautiful smell.

Ottoman era
In 1596, it was named as a village, ’Aytarun in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the liwa' (district) of Safed, with a population of 91 households and 15 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, goats, and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues” and a fixed sum; a total of 14,570 akçe.

Visiting in 1875, Victor Guérin described it as a village with 200 Metualis.

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it: "A large village, built of stone, containing 400 Moslems, situated in bed of wady, with olives, gardens and arable land. Water from a large birket and cisterns."

1985 South Lebanon conflict and aftermath
During the South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) Aitaroun was part of the South Lebanon security belt. Around 20 soldiers of the South Lebanon Army were kidnapped by Hezbollah in the final year of the war.

2006 Israel–Hezbollah War
During the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War, on July 16, 12 civilians from the Akhrass family, including 7 Canadian nationals, were killed when their Aitaroun home were destroyed in Israeli airstrikes. On July 18, 9 civilians from the Awada family were killed after Israeli air-strikes against their homes. Surviving family members reported that Hezbollah fighters had been launching rockets from a location within the village, approximately 100 to 150 meters from their house. On July 19, 6 civilians were killed and 8 wounded by Israeli strikes, while they were trying to flee from Aitaroun.

The village lost 41 villagers to the war new figures said. Families laid flowers and read Quranic verses at the graves on October 23, 2006, which marks the Eid ul-Fitr-holiday.

2023–2024 Israel-Hezbollah conflict
Hezbollah's participation in the Israel–Hamas war, backing Hamas and initiating attacks on Israel, escalated the border zone into an active war zone characterized by frequent cross-border attacks. As a result, almost all of the village's residents have left. In December 2023, the Israeli army attacked Hezbollah operatives who were hiding in the village.

Population
Aitaroun had a total population estimated at 20,000 in 2002. However, the actual number of residents is now considered to be significantly higher. The non-resident population is divided between emigrants and internal migrants distributed throughout Lebanon. Approximately 45% of the population is under the age of 30 and the average family size is 6-7 members.

Economy
Most families depend on agriculture as their primary source of income. During 1978 to 2000, the village received a significant cash flow from enlistment in the Israeli funded South Lebanon Army and through work in Israel.

Housing and infrastructure
There are around 1,300 homes in the village. An electrical network was established in 1964 and access to telecommunications is fully restored since 2006. In 2005 a telephone exchange was installed in the village offering connectivity to Lebanon's telephone network. Mobile communications and internet connectivity were also fully restored.

During the occupation, potable water in the village was provided by water wells drilled in the village by Israel. The main water source is the collection of rain water which is stored in both private and public reservoirs.

Government and social services
There are five schools operating in Aitaroun: two public and three private. Public schools, elementary and intermediate, encompass 250 students, with a higher percentage of girls especially for the intermediate level. The total number of students in the private schools amount to 570 distributed among one elementary school and two intermediate schools. The village has one health center operated by the Ministry of Social Affairs. The municipal council in the village was established in 1961.

Flora
The area is rich in wild herbs, flowers and mushrooms. Particularly prevalent are the red poppy flower, wild capers and thistles. Other flora that are believed to be more agricultural or introduced, include; grape vines, pomegranate trees, figs, cactus apple, sumac, various wild berries.

title: Aitaroun


text:
Talk:Canadian Red Ensign

Least popular in Quebec
MUCH better. Good work.A2Kafir 13:54, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Minor point: in this sentence: "Ironically, it is perhaps least popular in Quebec not because of any nostalgia for the red ensign but because it has become a symbol of Canadian federalism and is thus rejected by Quebec nationalists who fly the fleur-de-lis based flag of Quebec." Is the first "it" referring to the Maple Leaf flag? It seems to. Might rework a bit to make that clear.A2Kafir 13:57, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

See Talk:Red Ensign
For discussion about whether information about far-right and neo-Nazi groups and the Canadian Red Ensign should be included or excluded, see Talk:Red Ensign. Samaritan 15:31, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Confusable?
This is not a word. I've removed it and rewritten the line it appeared in.

Ttenchantr (talk) 20:27, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

Thank you for moving "it" off the front page
Hello,

Thank you very much for moving the "said Facist links" off the front page of Wikipedia's Red Ensign area. I am very happy that "it" is now not the first thing you see.

Additional Information Page

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Red_Ensign

 * Most supporters of the Canadian Red Ensign, however, reject attempts by white supremacists to co-opt the symbol and decry attempts to associate the Canadian Red Ensign with racist views.

Thank you so much for saying that very clearly. I can not thank you, and Wikipedia enough. The page which you have added, in my opinion, is excellent. It presents all the facts, within their context, in a fair balanced, and informative fashion. In my opinion I feel that you have done a great service to the history of the Red Ensign, and Wikipedia. Thank you again for this kind, fair, balanced, and very professional encyclopedia entry.

Thank you very much indeed.

Sincerely,

ArmChairVexillologistDonArmchairVexillologistDon 17:20, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Suggestion
As an American, I believe there should be a holiday in Canada that commemorates the Red Ensign. While I believe the current flag is great and truly Canadian, but I think the Canadian Red Ensign is a very beautiful flag. Do you agree? I just don't understand why some people in Canada tried so hard to forget that flag. It's time for Canadians in Canada to give respect to their former flag.

Hello,

I completely agree with you. In English-Canada their should be holiday called Red Ensign Day. The "old Red Ensign" should be honoured. The Red (and Blue Ensign) is the basis of All UK Commonwealth Flags. As well, the War of Independence (1775-1783 AD) began,the 13 Colonies (that broke away from the 19 Colonies) used it has the (UNOFFICAL) "First American Flag" in the Grand Union Flag (1775-1777 AD).

http://flagspot.net/images/u/us-gu.gif

http://flagspot.net/flags/us-gu.html

http://flagspot.net/flags/us^rv.html

19 Colonies (1763-1775 AD)

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/british_colonies_1763-76.jpg

4 Northern Loyalist Colonies (became British-Canada)

http://flagspot.net/images/g/gb-budge.gif

(Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Newfoundland)

13 Colonies that won Independence (formed the United States of America)

http://flagspot.net/images/u/us-gu.gif

(later OFFICAL Flags of 1777 AD)

"13 Star: Staggered"

http://flagspot.net/images/u/us-1777.gif

"13 Star: Circular"

http://flagspot.net/images/u/us-1777b.gif

2 Southern Loyalist Colonies (re-united with USA (1800-1819 AD))

http://flagspot.net/images/g/gb-budge.gif

(West Florida, East Florida)

ArmchairVexillologistDonArmchairVexillologistDon 20:41, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

FAO SimonP
SimonP, why did you revert the edit of 209.153.195.50?

FAO HistoryBA
Firstly, I didn't change it to a "British spelling". I was simply changing it back to the original spelling in the article, please don't blatantly lie.

Secondly, I was about to instinctively change the "affiliated to Paul Fromm" to "affiliated with Paul Fromm" as you did, but I consulted a dictionary first. Apparently, both "with" and "to" are acceptable, although dictionaries today are not really authorities on correct writing. I decided to defer to the original writer's judgement as I thought it might be significant. I thought maybe the original writer (AndyL) was implying that rather than being affiliated with Paul Fromm on an equal and level footing, they were affiliated to him, in that they defended and supported him, and looked up to him as the "head guy" (the Supreme Supremacist, if you will) for leadership. Of course, only AndyL knows of his intentions, and unless and until he comments, I suppose we can't be sure.

Private usage in Ontario/racist?
I am American, but with Canadian roots on my father's side, and I go to Ontario quite a bit. I've seen the Canadian Red Ensign flown quite a bit by private individuals, as well as the former RN/RCN White Ensign and RCAF Ensign (I would assume the latter two are flown mostly by veterans of the pre-unified RCN and RCAF). I also see the Union Jack now and then. This is interesting as the provincial flag of Ontario (which I also see not infrequently flown by itself, without the Canadian Flag, by private individuals) is the Red Ensign modified with the Ontario coat of arms replacing the Canadian coat of arms. I've seen it as recently as the late summer of 2005 before boarding the ferry at Sombra, Ont. to go back to the US. A residence near the border station was flying it.

It's incomprehensible to me that the Red Ensign would be associated with racism in the way that the Confederate battle flag is here in the US. Many identify the Confederate flag with slavery. My non-Canadian guess would be that the worst the Red Ensign could be associated with would be "British colonialism" by Quebecois...but the Red Ensign's coat of arms include three fleurs-de-lys to represent Canada's French heritage, so I don't get it.--MarshallStack 20:24, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

This seems pretty biased "It is of note that the ensign is used primarily by Canadian patriots and those who believe in the Canadian, Judeo-Christian values. However, they are being portrayed as 'fascists', 'racists', and 'islamophobic'." Because they are TimeEngineer (talk) 01:33, 4 December 2018 (UTC)

Blue Ensign usage?
I find the Canadian Blue Ensign to be a very attractive flag. I know that pre-1965 it was used as a Jack by RCN vessels and flown by Canadian merchant vessels, but was it ever under serious consideration as an "official" national flag? I know this is a moot point since Canada has had the Maple Leaf as its flag for 40 years now but I'm just thinking "what if", especially since this would have put Canada in line with other independent Commonwealth countries like Australia and New Zealand in terms of red/blue ensign usage.--MarshallStack 02:01, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Use of vexilogical terms to describe flags...
I think it is stupid. The average Wikipedia reader has no knowledge of these terms. Jargon and profession-specific terms should be used as sparingly as possible. Remember who your readers are! They arent vexiologists!

What's wrong with using the proper terms, especially here at Wikipedia, where you can click on any term you don't understand and get an instant defintion?

Ttenchantr (talk) 20:25, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

supporters reject white supremacists
I deleted the sentence "Most supporters of the Canadian Red Ensign, however, reject attempts by white supremacists to co-opt the symbol and decry attempts to associate the Canadian Red Ensign with racist views." I suspect that most people don't actually know that Frumm and others White supremacists actually are trying to appropriate the Red Ensign in this way. If they did, they'd surely reject it. But that doesn't mean it's worth noting here. Bucketsofg✐
 * Yes, that's probly true. I've flown the Red Ensign (of Ontario) on occasion, but Wikipedia is the only place I've ever heard of anyone equating it with racist groups. WilyD 13:59, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

I'm a Jew, and I fly the Canadian Red Ensign. On top of that I haven't seen it used in a racist/bigoted way by anyone else. So I would say its use as a racist symbol is so limited it isn't worth noting. The only time I've seen it used outside of it's traditional "we value our British roots" use is during war rallies, where it's used by pro-war groups to counter ant-war groups' "excessive" use of the Maple Leaf flag.IC79 (talk) 13:22, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

I can say that I've personally seen the Red Ensign carried and worn as patches by white-supremacists at the Oct. 2006 "March for Freedom" in Caledonia Ontario. I thought I had a picture of this, but I can't find it... Not that it matters with out a proper cite, as it would constitute original research. Any hoo, it may be worth looking into some more. If I find anything, I'll post it to the talk page before adding it to the article itself. (btw, I was rooting for the other side during that demonstration...) Mike McGregor (Can) (talk) 07:07, 28 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually I fond a pic here on Wikipedia that illustrates this in the Jason Ouwendyk article. Mike McGregor (Can) (talk) 04:06, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

Incorrect image
I believe that the third image on the right side of the page (labeled "Flag used during 1921–1957") is incorrect. The Irish harp in that shield does NOT have a woman's bust, even though the text says that it should. It looks like someone took the 1957-65 flag and Photoshopped the leaves on the coat of arms from red to green.

The image of a flag on a pole about halfway down the page labeled "1921 ensign in Northern Ontario" DOES have the version of the shield described in the text.

I'm an American, and I'm not sure where to go to get a correct version, but thought I'd bring it to the community's attention.

Jelloice (talk) 02:15, 15 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing that out, I'll do a little research and see what I can find.  Fry1989  eh?   23:30, 15 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Alrighty, here's what I've been able to find. The coat of arms of Canada initially did have the bare-breasted harp and green leaves, this was changed in 1957. The red ensign changed along with it, so you are right the one from 1921-1957 should have that harp. I'll make the change to the files shortly.  Fry1989  eh?   23:39, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

Vimy Ridge flag 140 years old?
The assertion that the Vimy Ridge flag was made prior to 1873 seems dubious to me. The four-province shield was the only official design until it was replaced by the new coat of arms in 1921 or 1924. The multi-province shields were unofficial, albeit popular, variants, and surely some manufacturers were aware of this and continued to make official Canadian Red Ensigns, especially ones making ensigns for use at sea, where Admiralty regulations were strictly applied. Indefatigable (talk) 15:23, 2 May 2013 (UTC)

Flag preview
The image of the Red Ensign in the infobox on the right is currently not loading for me, instead showing a lengthy link to said image. Is anyone else having this problem? Surely the flag itself ought to manifest on the top of the page as normal UnknownBrick22 (talk) 19:23, 24 April 2018 (UTC)

 * It's loading fine for me, but it's several hours later too. Have you tried to view it on a different device? - BilCat (talk) 07:51, 25 April 2018 (UTC)

The Shield is too pointed and unfortently does not have a wikicommons equivalent, I suggest replacing the image with this flag
I made this image correcting for the sheild proportions seen the current image based on the shield that is on the government of Canada's website. Bubblesorg (talk) 16:47, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Red Ensign


text:
Ruth Elfriede Hildner

Ruth Elfriede Hildner (1 November 1919 – 2 May 1947) was a guard at several Nazi concentration camps during World War II.

Hildner was conscripted into camp service in July 1944, arriving at Ravensbrück concentration camp to be trained as a camp matron. Hildner, 24 years old, entered the Dachau concentration camp in September 1944 as an Aufseherin. Next she was sent to an Agfa Camera Werke-connected subcamp at Munich; she eventually served in several subcamps, including Hennigsdorf, Wittenberg and Haselhorst. In December 1944, she arrived at Helmbrechts, a tiny subcamp of Flossenbürg located near Hof, Germany. There, she was feared by the camp's inmates, both Jews and non-Jews.

In April 1945, the guards at the small camp evacuated the women in the face of the U.S. Army. Hildner was one of several guards on the death march who took part in mistreatment and murder of several young girls with her baton. She also accompanied the march into Zwodau, another subcamp of Flossenbürg, located in Czechoslovakia. Several days later, the march departed for western Czechoslovakia. In early May 1945, the SS men and female overseers fled the march site. Hildner melted into the hordes of refugees, escaping temporarily, but was recognized by Czechoslovakian police in March 1947, arrested, and put in prison.

Trial and execution
On 2 May 1947, aged 27, she was tried in the Extraordinary People's Court in Písek, Czechoslovakia, found guilty of war crimes and hanged the same day.

title: Ruth Elfriede Hildner


text:
Chlorocardium rodiei

Chlorocardium rodiei (greenheart) is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae. It is one of two species in the genus Chlorocardium. It is native to Guyana and Suriname in South America. Other common names include cogwood, demerara greenheart, greenhart, ispingo moena, sipiri, bebeeru and bibiru.

It is an evergreen tree growing 15 to 30 m tall with a trunk diameter of 35 to 60 cm. The leaves are oppositely arranged and simple with smooth edges. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed.

The cyclic bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid rodiasine was first isolated from this species. The wood is extremely hard and strong, so hard that it cannot be worked with standard tools. It is durable in marine conditions, so it is used to build docks and other structures, and it was an early choice for fly fishing rods. An estimated 15 to 28% of the original population has been harvested. The species' use as a commercial timber began in the late 18th century, but most of the harvesting has taken place since the introduction of chainsaws in 1967.

It is often sought for construction projects in parts of the Caribbean, where wood ants are problematic in conventional pine wood construction. It was also used to build the dock gates in Liverpool, such as the Manchester dock gate. It has been used extensively as marine piling, since it is highly resistant to marine borers. It is also extremely dense, and does not float, therefore requiring special water transport arrangement, and is loaded onto specially constructed pontoons for transport to sawmill or direct shipping overseas. As sawn lumber it requires special treatment, and saws with tungsten carbide teeth, since standard steel saw blades cannot be maintained sharp enough to cut any reasonable quantity.

title: Chlorocardium rodiei


text:
Alfred Kerr

Alfred Kerr (né Kempner; 25 December 1867 – 12 October 1948, surname: ) was an influential German theatre critic and essayist of Jewish descent, nicknamed the Kulturpapst ("Culture Pope").

Youth
Kerr was born in Breslau, Silesia, the son of Helene (Calé) and Meyer Emanuel Kempner, who was a wine trader. He had one sister always known as Annchen: she married Siegfried Ollendorf and ultimately left Germany for Palestine. His family was Jewish. Alfred said while still at school that he intended to shorten his name to Kerr, which became official in 1909. He studied literature in Berlin with Erich Schmidt and completed his Ph.D. at the University of Halle. Alfred Kerr worked as a theatre critic for Der Tag and later for the Berliner Tageblatt. He wrote weekly Berliner Briefe for the Breslauer Zeitung from 1895–1900 and for the Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung from 1897 to 1922. With the publisher Paul Cassirer he founded the artistic review Pan in 1910.

Career
Kerr changed his surname to avoid association with Friederike Kempner. Kerr was noted for his treatment of drama criticism as another branch of literary criticism. As his fame grew he engaged in polemics, with the critics Maximilian Harden, Herbert Ihering and Karl Kraus in particular. In the 1920s he was hostile to Bertolt Brecht, and assailed him with accusations of plagiarism.

Exile
In 1933 Kerr fled to Prague. His wife Julia and their children followed him to Switzerland later. They then went to Paris and then, after the purchase of a film script by Alexander Korda, to England. (These years of exile are described, from a child's perspective, by Kerr's daughter, author Judith Kerr, in her Out of the Hitler Time trilogy.) His books were amongst those burnt in May 1933 by the Nazis when they came to power; Kerr had attacked the Nazi Party publicly very early on and Goebbels said before Hitler came to power that Kerr would be one of the first he would shoot. He lived in penury in London. He was a founder of the Freier Deutscher Kulturbund, and worked for the German PEN club. An old feud with Karl Kraus worked against him at the BBC.

Kerr became naturalised as a British subject in 1947. In 1948 he visited Hamburg at the start of a planned tour of several German cities but suffered a stroke, and then decided to end his own life via an overdose of Veronal, procured for him by his wife. He was buried, without references to religion according to his wishes, in Ohlsdorf Cemetery in the position "Z 21-217" and his wife was cremated with her ashes buried at the foot of his grave when she died in 1965.

The Alfred-Kerr-Preis für Literaturkritik was established in 1977. His Berliner Briefe for the Breslauer Zeitung were published as Wo liegt Berlin in 1997, Warum fliesst der Rhein nicht durch Berlin and as Was ist der Mensch in Berlin in 2017. Wo liegt Berlin was a best-seller and the proceeds were given by Michael and Judith Kerr to the Kerr Foundation in Berlin which awards an annual Kerr Prize for a young actor. An eight volume edition of his works has been published by S. Fischer, there is an extensive literature devoted to Kerr.

Family
Alfred Kerr married for the first time when he was over 50, to the much younger Ingeborg Thormählen. She died shortly afterwards in the 1918 flu pandemic while pregnant; the bereavement affected him deeply. His second marriage was to musician Julia Weismann (1898–1965) in 1920. Julia was the daughter of a Prussian Secretary of State,. The Kerrs' son Michael Kerr became a prominent British lawyer. Their daughter Judith Kerr wrote a three-volume autobiography and the children's books The Tiger Who Came To Tea and the Mog series; the writer Matthew Kneale is her son with Nigel Kneale, the author of Quatermass scripts.

Works

 * Godwi. Ein Kapitel deutscher Romantik (1898). Dissertation on Clemens Brentano.
 * Das neue Drama (1905)
 * Die Harfe (1917) poems
 * Ich sage, was zu sagen ist: Theaterkritiken 1893–1919. Werke Band VII, 1.
 * New York und London, travel
 * O Spanien!, travel
 * Caprichos (1926) poems
 * Buch der Freundschaft (1928) children's literature
 * So liegt der Fall Theaterkritiken 1919 – 1933 und im Exil
 * Der Dichter und die Meerschweinchen: Clemens Tecks letztes Experiment
 * Diktatur des Hausknechts
 * Walther Rathenau. Erinnerungen eines Freundes
 * Gruss an Tiere (1955) with Gerhard F. Hering
 * Theaterkritiken (1971) selected criticism
 * Ich kam nach England (1979) diary
 * Mit Schleuder und Harfe (1982)
 * Wo liegt Berlin? Briefe aus der Reichshauptstadt (1997) ISBN 978-3-8412-1350-1
 * Warum fließt der Rhein nicht durch Berlin? Briefe eines europäischen Flaneurs. 1895 bis 1900 (1999)
 * Alfred Kerr, Lesebuch zu Leben und Werk (1999)
 * Mein Berlin (2002)
 * Sucher und Selige. Literarische Ermittungen Werke Band IV, (2009)
 * Das war meine Zeit Band V/VI (2013)
 * Was ist der Mensch in Berlin Aufbau-Verlag (2017)
 * Berlin wird Berlin Vier Bände Wallstein-Verlag (2021)

title: Alfred Kerr


text:
Stephen Stigler

Stephen Mack Stigler (born August 10, 1941) is the Ernest DeWitt Burton Distinguished Service Professor at the Department of Statistics of the University of Chicago. He has authored several books on the history of statistics; he is the son of the economist George Stigler.

Stigler is also known for Stigler's law of eponymy which states that no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer – whose first formulation he credits to sociologist Robert K. Merton.

Biography
Stigler was born in Minneapolis. He received his Ph.D. in 1967 from the University of California, Berkeley. His dissertation was on linear functions of order statistics, and his advisor was Lucien Le Cam. His research has focused on statistical theory of robust estimators and the history of statistics.

Stigler taught at University of Wisconsin–Madison until 1979 when he joined the University of Chicago. In 2006, he was elected to membership of the American Philosophical Society, and is a past president (1994) of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.

His father was the economist George Stigler, who was a close friend of Milton Friedman.

Books

 * As editor

Selected articles

 * ——— Stigler, S. M. (1980). Stigler's law of eponymy. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 39: 147–58 (Merton Festschrift Volume, F. Gieryn (ed))
 * ——— Stigler, S. M. (1980). Stigler's law of eponymy. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 39: 147–58 (Merton Festschrift Volume, F. Gieryn (ed))
 * ——— Stigler, S. M. (1980). Stigler's law of eponymy. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 39: 147–58 (Merton Festschrift Volume, F. Gieryn (ed))
 * ——— Stigler, S. M. (1980). Stigler's law of eponymy. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 39: 147–58 (Merton Festschrift Volume, F. Gieryn (ed))
 * ——— Stigler, S. M. (1980). Stigler's law of eponymy. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 39: 147–58 (Merton Festschrift Volume, F. Gieryn (ed))
 * ——— Stigler, S. M. (1980). Stigler's law of eponymy. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 39: 147–58 (Merton Festschrift Volume, F. Gieryn (ed))
 * ——— Stigler, S. M. (1980). Stigler's law of eponymy. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 39: 147–58 (Merton Festschrift Volume, F. Gieryn (ed))

title: Stephen Stigler


text:
Talk:UP (complexity)

There is a slight problem here with one-way functions.

Indeed, Papadimitriou does show that one-way functions exists if and only if $$P \neq UP$$. However, he uses a non-standard definition of one-way function. This is explained in detail in his book. I quote from page 285: A definition of one-way functions that is closer to what we need in cryptography would replace requirement (iii) -- that inverting is worst-case difficult -- by a stronger requirement [...]

This is a big difference, and it is (as far as I know) unknown whether one-way functions are implied by $$P\neq UP$$.

 * I've removed it. The definition isn't really "nonstandard" per-se, it is just the worst-case definition of one-wayness, used only in structural complexity instead of cryptographic complexity. I also removed a similar reference to worst-case one-way functions from the one-way function article. Blokhead 18:58, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

|y| = O(|x|c)
The article currently says in the definition "if x isn't in L, there is no certificate y with |y| = O(|x|c) such that A(x,y) = 1". What does this mean? One might try to interpret this sentence as "for all functions f such that f(x) = O(|x|c), and for any x not in L, there is no certificate y with |y| = f(x) such that A(x,y) = 1" or "there exists a function f such that f(x) = O(|x|c) and for any x not in L, there is no certificate y with |y| ≤ f(x) such that A(x,y) = 1" etc. but these don't make sense. Or is "|y| = O(|x|c)" here just a mistake and it should simply be "if x isn't in L, there is no certificate y such that A(x,y) = 1"? 90.190.113.12 (talk) 21:21, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:UP (complexity)


text:
Wonderwall (disambiguation)

"Wonderwall" is a 1995 song by Oasis.

Wonderwall may also refer to:

 * Wonderwall (film), a 1968 psychedelic film by Joe Massot
 * Wonderwall Music, the film's soundtrack, and first solo album by George Harrison
 * The Wonderwall, an attraction at the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition held in New Orleans
 * The Wonderwall, game show bonus round first seen in the 1999 British lottery series Winning Lines
 * Wonderwall (band), a 2001 German pop group

title: Wonderwall (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Rdash/May-December 2004

Hi Rdash, you can move them yourself if you're not an admin, just click on "move this page." If you've already moved some manually I can help you fix those, just let me know which ones. Adam Bishop 22:09, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

Re: Rogers Sportsnet...I just made a minor change to your additions: CTV wasn't yet owned by Bell Globemedia when it started Sportsnet, so I changed those references to CTV Television Network instead. Bell Globemedia didn't come into being until 2000, the year after CTV sold Sportsnet to Rogers. Bearcat 00:56, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

About Mad Mad House, according to, it is Canadian. I know that site isn't 100% reliable but I know it is most of the time. SD6-Agent 21:52, 5 May 2004 (UTC)
 * A Canadian firm is involved in the production of the series, but it's not considered a Canadian series, in the same way that C.S.I. isn't considered a Canadian series even though it's produced by Alliance Atlantis. Bearcat 21:59, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

I have used your WikiProject table for my local stations (WKRG and WPMI). I would have done WEAR but someone made it automatically redirect to Sinclair Broadcasting. TheCustomOfLife 19:05, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I also created pages for my old local stations, using your chart: WJXX, WTEV, and WTLV. I've joined the Wikiproject. TheCustomOfLife 20:29, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

title: User talk:Rdash/May-December 2004


text:
List of network protocols (OSI model)

This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family. Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.

Layer 1 (physical layer)

 * Telephone network modems
 * IrDA physical layer
 * USB physical layer
 * EIA RS-232, EIA-422, EIA-423, RS-449, RS-485
 * Ethernet physical layer 10BASE-T, 10BASE2, 10BASE5, 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-SX and other varieties
 * Varieties of 802.11 Wi-Fi physical layers
 * DSL
 * ISDN
 * T1 and other T-carrier links, and E1 and other E-carrier links
 * ITU Recommendations: see ITU-T
 * IEEE 1394 interfaces
 * TransferJet
 * Etherloop
 * ARINC 818 Avionics Digital Video Bus
 * G.hn/G.9960 physical layer
 * CAN bus (controller area network) physical layer
 * Mobile Industry Processor Interface physical layer
 * Infrared
 * Frame Relay
 * FO Fiber optics
 * X.25

Layer 2 (data link layer)

 * ARCnet Attached Resource Computer NETwork
 * ARP Address Resolution Protocol
 * ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
 * CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
 * CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol
 * DCAP Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol
 * Distributed Multi-Link Trunking
 * Distributed Split Multi-Link Trunking
 * DTP Dynamic Trunking Protocol
 * Econet
 * Ethernet
 * FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
 * Frame Relay
 * ITU-T G.hn
 * HDLC High-Level Data Link Control
 * IEEE 802.11 WiFi
 * IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
 * LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol
 * LattisNet
 * LocalTalk
 * L2F Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol
 * L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
 * LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol
 * LLDP-MED Link Layer Discovery Protocol - Media Endpoint Discovery
 * MAC Media Access Control
 * Q.710 Simplified Message Transfer Part
 * Multi-link trunking Protocol
 * NDP Neighbor Discovery Protocol
 * PAgP - Cisco Systems proprietary link aggregation protocol
 * PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
 * PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
 * PAP Password Authentication Protocol
 * RPR IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring
 * SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol (obsolete)
 * StarLAN
 * Space Data Link Protocol, one of the norms for Space Data Link from the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
 * STP Spanning Tree Protocol
 * Split multi-link trunking Protocol
 * Token Ring a protocol developed by IBM; the name can also be used to describe the token passing ring logical topology that it popularized.
 * Virtual Extended Network (VEN) a protocol developed by iQuila.
 * VTP VLAN Trunking Protocol
 * VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

Network Topology

 * Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
 * IS-IS, Intermediate System - Intermediate System (OSI)
 * SPB Shortest Path Bridging
 * MTP Message Transfer Part
 * NSP Network Service Part
 * TRILL (TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links)

Layer 2.5

 * ARP Address Resolution Protocol
 * MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
 * PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
 * TIPC Transparent Inter-process Communication

Layer 3 (Network Layer)

 * CLNP Connectionless Networking Protocol
 * IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
 * NAT Network Address Translation
 * Routed-SMLT
 * SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part
 * AppleTalk DDP
 * HSRP Hot Standby Router protocol
 * VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
 * IP Internet Protocol
 * ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
 * ARP Address Resolution Protocol
 * RIP Routing Information Protocol (v1 and v2)
 * OSPF Open Shortest Path First (v1 and v2)
 * IPSEC IPsec

Layer 3+4 (Protocol Suites)

 * AppleTalk
 * DECnet
 * IPX/SPX
 * Internet Protocol Suite
 * Xerox Network Systems

Layer 4 (Transport Layer)

 * TFTP Trivial File Transport Protocol (using UDP protocol)
 * AEP AppleTalk Echo Protocol
 * AH Authentication Header over IP or IPSec
 * DCCP Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
 * ESP Encapsulating Security Payload over IP or IPSec
 * FCP Fibre Channel Protocol
 * NetBIOS NetBIOS, File Sharing and Name Resolution
 * IL Originally developed as transport layer for 9P
 * iSCSI Internet Small Computer System Interface
 * NBF NetBIOS Frames protocol
 * SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
 * Sinec H1 for telecontrol
 * TUP, Telephone User Part
 * SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange
 * NBP Name Binding Protocol {for AppleTalk}
 * TCP Transmission Control Protocol
 * UDP User Datagram Protocol
 * QUIC

Layer 5 (Session Layer)
This layer, presentation Layer and application layer are combined in TCP/IP model.
 * 9P Distributed file system protocol developed originally as part of Plan 9
 * ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol
 * ASP AppleTalk Session Protocol
 * H.245 Call Control Protocol for Multimedia Communications
 * iSNS Internet Storage Name Service
 * NetBIOS, File Sharing and Name Resolution protocol - the basis of file sharing with Windows.
 * NetBEUI, NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface
 * NCP NetWare Core Protocol
 * PAP Printer Access Protocol
 * RPC Remote Procedure Call
 * RTCP RTP Control Protocol
 * SDP Sockets Direct Protocol
 * SMB Server Message Block
 * SMPP Short Message Peer-to-Peer
 * SOCKS "SOCKetS"
 * ZIP Zone Information Protocol {For AppleTalk}
 * This layer provides session management capabilities between hosts. For example, if some host needs a password verification for access and if credentials are provided then for that session password verification does not happen again. This layer can assist in synchronization, dialog control and critical operation management (e.g., an online bank transaction).

Layer 6 (Presentation Layer)

 * TLS Transport Layer Security
 * SSL Secure Socket Tunneling
 * AFP Apple Filing Protocol
 * Independent Computing Architecture (ICA), the Citrix system core protocol
 * Lightweight Presentation Protocol (LPP)
 * NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)
 * Network Data Representation (NDR)
 * Tox, The Tox protocol is sometimes regarded as part of both the presentation and application layer
 * eXternal Data Representation (XDR)
 * X.25 Packet Assembler/Disassembler Protocol (PAD)

Layer 7 (Application Layer)

 * SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol
 * Simple Service Discovery Protocol, A discovery protocol employed by UPnP
 * TCAP, Transaction Capabilities Application Part
 * Universal Plug and Play
 * DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
 * DNS Domain Name System
 * BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol
 * HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
 * HTTPS
 * NFS
 * POP3 Post Office Protocol
 * SMTP
 * SNMP
 * FTP
 * NTP
 * IRC
 * Telnet Tele Communication Protocol
 * SSH
 * IMAP
 * Gemini

Other protocols

 * Controller Area Network

Protocol description languages

 * Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)

title: List of network protocols (OSI model)


text:
Eritrean People's Liberation Front

The Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), colloquially known as Shabia or HGDEF, was an armed Marxist–Leninist organization that fought for the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia. It emerged in 1973 as a far-left to left-wing nationalist group that split from the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). After achieving Eritrean independence in 1991, it transformed into the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), which serves as Eritrea's sole legal political party.

Origins
In 1967, thirty-three men underwent six months of training in China, including Isaias Afwerki, an engineering student who had left Haile Selassie I University (Addis Ababa University) in 1966 to join the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), and Romodan Mohammed Nur, who had become commissar of the Fourth Zone after military training in Syria. Cuba also received ten individuals, including Ibrahim Affa, a skilled former marine commando, in 1968. Upon their return, these men improved the combat capabilities of the front but also intensified internal conflicts and feuds.

1970s
Disillusioned with incompetent and feuding leaders, many young dissidents left the ELF, forming competing organizations. Efforts at rectification and unity failed, leading to the emergence of the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) in August 1973, officially known as Shaabia ("popular" in its Arabic abbreviation) in 1977. Led by Isaias and Ramadan, the EPLF found refuge in the mountains of Sahel, successfully repelling repeated assaults from Nakfa, a garrison town on a high plateau.

The EPLF faced immediate challenges, including a declaration of war by the ELF in mid-1972, leading to the "first civil war" ending inconclusively in 1974. Internal dissension within the EPLF, fueled by accusations of authoritarian practices and military shortcomings, was quelled by Isaias, resulting in the execution of eleven members in August 1974. This event contributed to the centralization and security focus of the EPLF. The Ethiopian Revolution shifted the balance in Eritrea, and a temporary truce allowed joint offensives by the fronts in 1976.

The First Congress of the EPLF occurred in January 1977 and formally set out the policies of this new organization. At this first meeting Romodan Mohammed Nur was elected Secretary-General and Isaias as Assistant Secretary-General. This program specifically targeted a liberalization of women's rights as well as a broad educational policy for maintaining every language and improving literacy. It was also set out that the boundaries of an Eritrean state would be based on the colonial treaties of Italy.

From 1975 to 1977, the ELF and EPLF outnumbered the Ethiopian army and overran much of Eritrea. Only Asmara, Barentu, and the ports of Assab and Massawa remained under government control. The road between them cut, however, Asmara and Massawa were under siege. The hopes of a nationalist victory raised by the insurgents’ achievements and fear of the Red Terror drove thousands of young men and women to the fronts, principally to the EPLF. As most of the new recruits were Christian, highland society was no longer peripheral to the conflict. The success of the insurgents was due more to government weakness than their own strength. A counteroffensive in 1978 led to the EPLF's strategic withdrawal, establishing a defensive line in 1979.

1980s
The fronts faced a lull in fighting in 1980–81, with the army engaged in operations against rebels. The uneasy peace between the fronts crumbled in August 1980, leading to the "second civil war," where the ELF was decisively defeated a year later with assistance from the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Some ELF fighters joined the winning side, and those in Sudan were disarmed. The ELF ceased as an effective organization by the mid-1980s but continued sporadic operations in Eritrea. The EPLF emerged as the dominant force, defeating major operations in 1982 and 1983. In 1988, the EPLF achieved a historic victory, signaling the defeat of the military regime and the path to Eritrean independence. The organizational structure and guiding ideas played a crucial role in the EPLF's success.

Between February and June 1982, over 80,000 Ethiopian troops launched a series of offensives known as the Red Star Campaign in an attempt to crush the EPLF. Despite these efforts, the government forces were thwarted by the EPLF. Rather than crushing the EPLF, the unsuccessful operation had the opposite effect, strengthening it. This outcome led to an increased fervor among the Eritrean people, who rallied behind the EPLF.

Growing from around four hundred men organized in squads, the EPLA became a formidable force by the mid-1980s. The primary combat component was the strategic mobile forces, consisting of permanent units like brigades and divisions. The smallest operational unit was the mesre (squad), followed by ganta (platoon), hayli (company), and bottoloni (battalion). The brigade, comprising three battalions, was the largest unit until the mid-1980s when it was surpassed by the division. Remarkably, nearly a third of the EPLA's total force and 15 percent of its frontline combat units were women, challenging traditional gender roles. However, women remained underrepresented in leadership positions. Specialized units within the EPLA effectively employed guerrilla and conventional tactics. By the end of the 1980s, the EPLA consisted of six divisions, fourteen infantry brigades, four mechanized brigades, and various specialized units.

The EPLF, led by a general staff headed by Sebhat Ephrem after 1987, emphasized decentralization and local initiative during defensive guerrilla tactics. Command became more centralized during conventional offensives. The insurgents relied on light and portable equipment, with the AK-47 being the primary individual weapon. Leaving the EPLF was practically impossible, and instances of kidnapping and forcible conscription were reported. Child soldiers, drafted as young as ten, were used between 1979 and 1983 but this policy was abandoned due to internal and external criticism.

The Second Congress in 1987, brought together the EPLF and the Eritrean Liberation Front/Central Leadership (also sometimes referred to as Central Command, CC) in what was called the Unity Congress. This was the culmination of negotiations over three years which had brought together the two fighting forces in October 1986, under a unified command. On this congress, Isaias Afewerki replaced secretary-general Ramadan Nur. Subsequently, the movement abandoned most of its formerly Marxist–Leninist ideology, in favour of an own revolutionary left-wing concept and a more comprehensive and pragmatic approach to unite all Eritrean nationalists.

The EPLF won its most resounding victories on March 1988 at the Battle of Afabet. It destroyed the most formidable Ethiopian garrison in northern Eritrea and marked a pivotal moment, setting off a chain of events leading to total victory three years later. The Ethiopian army, caught in a long-simmering crisis and plagued by internal divisions, underestimated the resilience, skill, and adaptability of the rebels. Af Abet, one of the three crucial turning points in the Eritrean war, severely weakened the military's capacity to wage war and foreshadowed the downfall of the dictatorship, paving the way for Eritrean independence. The battle's strategic significance has been likened to the Vietnamese triumph against the French at Diebienphu.

1990s
After another defeat at Shire in 1989, the EPLF went on the offensive in 1990 directed at Massawa. This offensive was known as Massawa and resulted in EPLF seizing the city and defeating the Ethiopian garrison. The defeat was complete, catastrophic, and irreversible. Even the vengeful bombing, which persisted until the end of March and resulted in the destruction of numerous historic Islamic buildings, could not alter the disastrous outcome. Isaias Afewerki, leader of the victorious army, concurs, acknowledging it as a victory of the greatest strategic value in the history of the struggle.

The Third and last Congress of the EPLF was held in 1994 in Asmara. It was important as it converted the Front from a military organization to a purely political movement. At the time, the organization had 95,000 members. At this Congress, the name of the organization was changed to the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ).

title: Eritrean People's Liberation Front


text:
Best Actor in a Supporting Role

Best Actor in a Supporting Role may refer to:

 * AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
 * BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
 * Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Male
 * Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female

title: Best Actor in a Supporting Role


text:
Category:Coat of arms images

Seals
If the image is a seal of a city or county, please add Non-free seal to the image instead. Then remember to categorize the seal by state.

title: Category:Coat of arms images


text:
Cousteau

Cousteau may refer to:
 * Cousteau (band), a British band
 * Jacques Cousteau Island or Cerralvo Island, a Mexican Island of the Baja California Sur
 * Cousteau Rules, an escarpment on Pluto
 * Cousteau, the fictional captain's yacht on the USS Enterprise-E in Star Trek

People with the surname

 * Alexandra Cousteau (born 1976), daughter of Philippe Cousteau Sr.
 * Ashlan Gorse Cousteau, Philippe Cousteau Jr.'s wife
 * Céline Cousteau (born 1972), daughter of Jean-Michel Cousteau
 * Desireé Cousteau, pornographic actress
 * Fabien Cousteau (born 1967), son of Jean-Michel Cousteau
 * Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910–1997), French marine explorer who invented the aqua-lung and pioneered marine conservation
 * Jan Cousteau, Philippe Cousteau's wife
 * Jean-Michel Cousteau (born 1938), eldest son of Jacques-Yves Cousteau
 * Philippe Cousteau (aka Philippe Cousteau Sr.) (1940–1979), second son of Jacques-Yves Cousteau
 * Philippe Cousteau Jr. (born 1980), son of Philippe Cousteau Sr.
 * Pierre-Antoine Cousteau (1906–1958), French far-right polemicist and journalist, and brother of Jacques-Yves Cousteau
 * Simone Melchior Cousteau, Jacques-Yves Cousteau's wife

title: Cousteau


text:
Talk:Common carrier

Untitled
What's the opposite of a common carrier (at least for railroads)? If anyone knows, this should be added to the article.

"not a common carrier"
This term is used on consignment notes of transport companies. Its function seems to be to limit the liability of the carrier for the goods themselves. IE when they damage the freight during handling or transport, they quote the "not a common carrier" term to avoid being held liable for it. This appears to contradict the definiation quoted which states that a common carrier is generally not liable despite being in the business of carrying goods as a paid service. Stating that you are NOT a common carrier in some ways then removes this "non liabilty" clause doesnt it? I think that the common carrier limits you to "non liability" only in the cases listed. By stating that you are not a common carrier, you can add more limitations. Parcelbrat 20:39, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

Hague-Visby Rules
Does anyone know if these are known by a different name? I have found the following references via Google but I cannot find them on Wikipedia.
 * The Hague Rules as Amended by the Brussels Protocol
 * Hague Rules
 * Hamburg Rules

Parcelbrat 20:37, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

Worldwide View
The "worldwide view" flag at the top of the article doesn't seem to make sense. "Common carrier" is a term of art in common law. Necessarily, it only applies in common law countries. Obviously other countries have railroads, etc., but there is no reason to call them "common carriers." Actually, the article should make clear that this a legal term of art. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.183.171.30 (talk) 18:37, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I concur. Whomever put that tag there is not a lawyer, or if they are, they are not very well trained.  --Coolcaesar (talk) 06:40, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

History of Common Carrier law and other questions
If anyone knows the history of common carrier laws I think that would be a good addition to the article. I came here to find out what a common carrier was, which I kind of did, but I'm still non-plussed as to WHY such laws exist. Specifically is the regulation and licensing of the transport of goods and people by common carrier law different to that for other industries? If so why? What takes the place of common carrier law in non common-law countries and how are the same goals achieved, or are they? Sorry to be asking for information rather than providing it, but I know nothing about this subject. Robertwinz (talk) 20:31, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Also see an academic work "Lars Gorton. The concept of the common carrier in Anglo-American law." (Stockholm University, Faculty of Law. 1971 (English) Doctoral thesis) Exroader (talk) 04:07, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

not only admiralty law!
"Common carrier" is not restricted to admiralty law. It should be moved to a general law category.--Espoo (talk) 15:40, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

This needs to be updated in light of the FCC's Open Internet Order (Feb/March 2015)
Which applied common carriage regulation to the telecom substrate of the Internet. This came in the wake of DC Circuit Decision in Verizon v. FCC, 740 F3d 623 (2014), which threw out earlier open Internet rules because they were not based on a common carrier model. I'd do it myself, but I'm a newbie here, want to see how this unfolds. Chris2wit (talk) 04:22, 16 April 2015 (UTC)Chris2Wit

What's the meaning of this?
> Before that time, the Good Samaritan provision of the Communications Decency Act established immunity from liability for third party content on grounds of libel or slander, and the DMCA established that ISPs that comply with the DMCA would not be liable for the copyright violations of third parties on their network.

The "Before that time" changes the meaning of the sentence from how it was in the preceding edit. Did the FCC reclassification remove the protections for ISPs under these two laws? --Mwatts15 (talk) 22:11, 5 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Common carrier


text:
Poznań University of Medical Sciences

Poznan University of Medical Sciences (Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu) is a prominent Polish medical university, located in the city of Poznań in western Poland. It traces its beginnings to the foundation of Poznań University in 1919, and was formed as a separate institution in 1950. It gained the status of university in 2007.

History
The history of Poznan University of Medical Sciences started in 1919 when a pharmaceutical department was created at the University of Poznań. A year later (in 1920) the Faculty of Medicine was founded within it (in fact, this faculty existed since 1919 as a part of Poznań Society of Friends of Arts and Sciences). The chair of Dentistry was created in 1929. The first rector of Poznan University was Heliodor Święcicki and first dean of the Faculty of Medicine was Professor Adam Wrzosek.

In the late autumn of 1939, the University of Poznań was closed by German occupation authorities, but many of its professors continued to teach. In 1940 an underground University of the Western Lands was formed in Warsaw which comprised the faculties of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, with most of the faculty coming from the Poznań University. In 1941, the Polish School of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh was founded, where the first dean was surgeon Antoni Jurasz from the University of Poznań. In the last months of the war, during the battle of Poznań, preparations for reopening of the university were begun. The university officially reopened in April 1945, before the end of the war.

According to a plan of reform in 1950, the Medical Faculty, with the Department of Dentistry and the Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Poznań, were detached to form an independent school named the University of Medical Sciences. In 1975 a new Faculty of Nursing was founded, and in 1979 a Department of Medical Analytics was opened. In 1984, the Sejm (the Polish national parliament) named the school after Karol Marcinkowski, a distinguished Polish physician and patriot of the first half of the 19th century who had lived in Poznań, and who was a symbol of the highest professional and ethical values in medicine. In 1992 the Faculty of Medicine was divided into Faculty of Medicine I, responsible for the six-year Polish MD program, and Faculty of Medicine II, comprising the divisions of Dentistry, Post Graduate Medical Education and Medicine and Dentistry with English as the teaching language.

In 1991, the university introduced programs in English, starting in 1993 with the four-year MD program based entirely on the American curriculum and the requirements of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) system. A six-year MD program in English based on the European model followed a year later. Both programs have instituted National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) subject examinations and compulsory completion on USMLE licensing examinations as a requirement for students. Subsequently, PUMS reached the last of its planned English-language based projects with the introduction of a five-year Dentistry program in 2000, and five-year MSc Pharmacy program in 2004, which was replaced by the six-year Pharm. D. program in 2009, and three-year BSc Physiotherapy program in 2009. These programs meet the European requirements. The students of the English programs are represented by the English Programs' Student Union (EPSU).

On 27 February 2007 the Polish name of school was changed from ''Akademia Medyczna im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu to Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu''.

Science and research
While advanced research at the university is carried out in virtually every field of modern medicine, its contribution is most widely recognized in such disciplines as immunology, endocrinology, oncology, nuclear medicine, anaesthesiology, surgery, nephrology, gynaecology and obstetrics (especially perinatology), ecology, parasitic and tropical diseases, AIDS, viral hepatitis, hematology, child oncology, cytophysiology and cytopathology, development of the central nervous system, immunology of skin diseases, clinical pharmacology, genetics, audiology, phoniatrics and optometry. The major research topics in the Faculty of Pharmacy are the stability of drugs, pharmacokinetics and biochemistry, the synthesis and analysis of new therapeutic agents, phytochemistry, toxicology and pharmacology.

The fields of research activity of the Faculty of Health Sciences are health promotion, nursing processes and standards in nursing activity.

The investigations conducted at the university are presented in several hundred research papers published yearly in professional journals.

The university hosts between 5 and 10 major international congresses a year and visits of foreign researchers are a daily routine. The university co-operates regularly with universities in Rennes and Rouen (France), Turku (Finland), Berlin, Göttingen, Halle, Kiel, Magdeburg, Mainz, Munchen Regensburg (Germany), Linköping (Sweden), Oslo University College (Norway), Perugia (Italy), University of Illinois at Chicago (USA).

Many university staff members serve on the boards of international professional and scientific associations or are invited to act as advisers by the WHO and IAEA. Lekarsz and Doktor (stopień naukowy) degrees awarded at the university enjoy wide national recognition. In some countries, e.g. Germany, they are accepted with no further confirmation requirements. They are routinely accepted in Sweden, Britain, the United States and Canada. At present more than 1200 graduates of the university practice or research abroad. Many of them are clinical specialists and heads of hospital departments in Europe, North America, South Africa and elsewhere.

Scientific research constitutes a significant part of Medical University activity. The scope of scientific research conducted by the university ranges in solving problems of basic medical and clinical studies. There are also research studies to find and discover new pharmaceutical agents. The university develops scientific and educational collaboration within agreements and official contracts with the following Universities (updated on December 1, 2006):

 * 1) Freie Universität, Berlin (Germany)
 * 2) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (Germany)
 * 3) Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Germany)
 * 4) Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel (Germany)
 * 5) Johannes-Gutenberg Universität, Mainz (Germany)
 * 6) Universität Regensburg (Germany)
 * 7) Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (France)
 * 8) Université Henri-Poincaré, Nancy (France)
 * 9) Universita degli Studi di Perugia (Italy)
 * 10) University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom)
 * 11) Høgskolen i Agder (University of Agder) (Norway)
 * 12) Høgskolen i Oslo (Oslo College) (Norway)
 * 13) Linköpings Universitet (Sweden)
 * 14) Université de Genève (Switzerland)
 * 15) Grodno State Medical University, Grodno (Belarus)
 * 16) Medical University, Vitebsk (Belarus)
 * 17) National University of Pharmacy, Charkow (Ukraine)
 * 18) Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (Ukraine)
 * 19) State Medical and Pharmaceutical University Nicolae Testemitanu, Chisinau (Moldova)
 * 20) Zhong Shang Da Xue (Sun Yat-sen University) (China)
 * 21) Nara Joshi Daigaku (Nara Women's University) (Japan)
 * 22) Divine Word University, Madang (Papua New Guinea)
 * 23) Kaohsiung Medical University (Taiwan)
 * 24) Baltimore College of Dental Surgery (United States)
 * 25) Indiana University Bloomington (USA)
 * 26) University of Illinois at Chicago, (USA)
 * 27) Widener University, Chester Pennsylvania (USA)
 * 28) University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (USA)
 * 29) Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago (USA)

School Authorities

 * President: Prof. Jacek Wysocki
 * Vice-President for Science and International Relations: Prof. Zenon Kokot
 * Vice-President for Clinical Affairs and Postgraduate Studies: Prof. Grzegorz Oszkinis
 * Vice-President for Student Affairs: Assoc. Prof. Mariusz Puszczewicz

Faculties

 * Faculty of Medicine I
 * Faculty of Medicine II (English Language Programs)
 * Faculty of Medicine II North American Admissions and Financial Aid

 * Faculty of Pharmacy
 * Faculty of Health Sciences

Clinical Hospitals
University teaching and research mainly based on co-operation with five Clinical Hospitals and also on the other city and voivodship hospitals
 * Official site of Clinical Hospital No. 1
 * Official site of Clinical Hospital No. 2
 * Official site of Clinical Hospital No. 3
 * Official site of Clinical Hospital No. 4
 * Official site of Clinical Hospital No. 5

Alumni

 * Andrzej Grzybowski, ophthalmologist, academic, medical researcher, and medical journal editor
 * Maria Siemionow received both her MD and PhD from Poznan. She is a surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic who gained public notice in December 2008 when she led a team of six surgeons in a 22-hour surgery, performing the first face transplant in the United States on patient Connie Culp.
 * Radek Bukowski, doctor, academic physician, scientist and an inventor.

title: Poznań University of Medical Sciences


text:
Yorkshire Engine Company Janus

The Yorkshire Engine Company Janus is a line of 0-6-0 wheel arrangement, diesel-electric locomotives that weighed 48 LT and had a maximum speed of 23 mph. The two Rolls-Royce C6SFL diesel engines gave a total power output of 400 hp. Each engine had its cooling system at the outer end, and its generator at the inner end. There were two traction motors, each being powered by one generator, thus simplifying the electrical system.

Service
A total of 102 Janus locomotives were built: mostly for the British steel industry, but other customers included Imperial Chemical Industries (12 locomotives), the Port of London Authority (10), and the National Coal Board (7). Three locomotives were exported: one to Jamaica, and two to the Indian Fertilizer Corporation. The Indian locomotives were, and were the only narrow gauge units built. In addition, three modified Janus locomotives – gauge on Bo-Bo trucks – were exported to British Guyana.

Later locomotives had their Rolls-Royce engine uprated by 10 per cent to 220 hp each. After Rolls-Royce entered the industrial locomotive manufacturing business, YEC started to offer their locomotives with Cummins diesel engines; seven Janus locomotives were built with pairs of 250 hp Cummins diesels – all for Appleby Frodingham Steel works.

The name Janus is from the two-faced god Janus: the locomotive was symmetrical with two 'faces'. The similarity in power and speed would indicate that this type of locomotive could have been used in a similar role to the British Rail Class 08 shunter. In recent years the Class 08 shunters owned by DB Cargo UK have replaced Janus locomotives on some industrial railways.

Loans to British Railways
One locomotive was demonstrated to British Railways; it was the second of this type built (works number 2595 of 1956), both the first two locomotives being demonstrated to potential customers before going to the Appleby-Frodingham Steel works in Scunthorpe. It is thought to have been in use there until being scrapped in 1982.

Other locomotives loaned
In July 1961, an 0-6-0 diesel-hydraulic locomotive was demonstrated on British Railways. It weighed 40 LT and was powered by a single Rolls-Royce C8SFL engine giving 300 hp. The design was similar to a lengthened British Rail Class 02. The locomotive was tested near Derby for four days, and following the demonstration was delivered to Llanwern steelworks, Newport.

One 600 hp 0-8-0 diesel hydraulic, a Taurus, was demonstrated and tested on British Railways during 1961 and 1962. It was a ‘trip’ locomotive intended to carry out shunting work and hauling local (short distance) goods trains. This was the duty for which the British Rail Class 14 locomotives were built in 1963.

Preservation
In 2008, 23 were still in industrial service, and seven had been preserved. In November 2016 the seven Cummins engined locomotives at Scunthorpe British Steel works, formerly Appleby Froddingham Steel works, were replaced by German-made NSB Di 8 locomotives, originally built for use on main-line freight operations in Norway.

YE 2868 0-6-0DE Ludstone has been undergoing restoration since 2015 at the Foxfield Railway in collaboration with the Industrial Diesel & Railway Preservation Group.

YE 2791 DE5, built in 1962, is cosmetically restored and on display at Rocks by Rail, The Living Ironstone Museum, Cottesmore.

YE 2670, built in September 1959, which worked at Stanton Iron Works, Ilkeston, is preserved at Stainmore Railway Company.

YE 2748 (NCB Number 6), built in 1959 and allocated to Littleton Colliery is in use at Churnet Valley Railway where it is employed on shunting duties. It has been named Roger H Bennett, after Roger Bennett, a volunteer on the Churnet Valley Railway.

YE 2877 (BSC Scunthorpe Works No: 1) is in operation at the Appleby Frodingham Railway.

Models
In 2016 Oxford Diecast, in conjunction with Golden Valley Hobbies produced a OO gauge model, with a choice of BP, National Coal Board, Imperial Chemical Industries, Port of London Authority, and Allied Steel and Wire livery.

A finescale etched kit is also available from Judith Edge and can be built to 00, EM and P4 gauges.

title: Yorkshire Engine Company Janus


text:
User:Masatran

Bookmarks
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title: User:Masatran


text:
User talk:Masatran

Machine Learning Portal
Hi,

I just filled in some more parts of P:ML. You might want to advertise it at the relevant WikiProjects to get more people to join in. Keep up the good work!

Q VVERTYVS (hm?) 11:33, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

Category:IIIT
Category:IIIT, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. Shyamsunder (talk) 03:48, 25 October 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:13, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

MfD nomination of Portal:Machine learning
Portal:Machine learning, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Machine learning and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Portal:Machine learning during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 01:14, 7 July 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Masatran