text:
Talk:Pacific Islander

Filipino = pacific islander?
Is Filipino classified as pacific islander? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.174.124.90 (talk) 00:49, 11 December 2004 (UTC)

 * You will not find a single person native to the Philippines that doesn't consider himself or herself Asian. TheCoffee 06:51, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Filipinos have never been classified as Pacific Islanders. The only people who believe this are Fil-Ams who use the excuse that the Philippines is a island nation in the Pacific Ocean. As if there are no other island nations such as Japan, Taiwan, and Indonesia that are considered as part of Asia. Why is it so difficult to understand that FILIPINOS are considered Asian ? which includes by both the U.S. and the Philippines. - Skillz — Preceding unsigned comment added by Skillz4Realz (talk • contribs) 02:33, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Filipino = asian?
Are filipinos classified as asians? Many filipinos consider themselves "filipino" with no strings attached, not "asian" not "pacific islander" just "filipino". If it is true, I'm not sure why these tongans, chinese or whatever are outraged, they should be greatful to be considered in a category that includes filipinos. :P — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.4.79.70 (talk) 04:06, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It should be noted that both the Malay filipino and the pacific islander(polynesian, micronesian, melanesian, etc) are all closely related under the term austronesian.--Chicbicyclist 11:26, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually most Filipinos consider themselves Asians .23prootie 17:19, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe that the current information within the "Usage Dispute" is completely accurate. All the facts are there. It explains it perfectly. Just read it. -Anyonymous Filipino American, March 10, 2008, 8:13P.M. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.212.3.28 (talk) 01:13, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

 * If Filipinos didn't consider themselves with no strings attached, such as "ASIAN", why in the world is the Philippines apart of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Many "ASIANS", also consider themselves by their ethnicity. To clarify, it's not Filipinos who wouldn't consider themselves Asian...it's mostly Fil-Ams who have a huge problem with the term "ASIAN", yet do not consider that both the U.S. and the Philippines acknowledge that Filipinos can and are considered "ASIAN". Fil-Ams for some reason have a huge problem with associating themselves with other groups, even Filipinos from the Philippines. Youtube the show, Speak Out: Filipino vs Filipino-Americans. -Anyonymous  —Preceding unsigned comment added by SkillzDatKillz (talk • contribs) 04:10, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Chicbicyclist, you still fail to acknowledge that the Austronesian background can be found in other parts of Asia. How is that you only manage to mention the Malay Filipino being the only ones closely related under the term austronesian as compared to other Asians?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by SkillzDatKillz (talk • contribs) 00:46, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Geographically the Philippines are located in South East asia, not Oceania. The People on the other hand, are of austronesian descent. Look up the history of the austronesian people and you'll discover that a lot of the Pacific Islanders originated from the same race. The Filipinos are indeed a very mixed race, we are still linked in blood from our Austronesian ancestors. Fil-ams have taken it far by saying we are Pacific islander, in fact Pacific-Islanders and Filipinos share the same common ancestor and race. The best we can do is link to the Austronesian-link between nations. It's even more evident in our indigenous peoples. The Philippines has the Negritos, NZ has the Maori, Indonesia has the Papuan's etc... Keep that in mind. Lovebus 15:26, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 * austronesian people. They constitute the dominant ethnic group in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, the Pattani region of Thailand, and East Timor inside the Malay Archipelago, in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia inside Oceania, in Madagascar, and in the Cham areas of Vietnam, Cambodia, and China (the remnants of the Champa kingdom which covered central and southern Vietnam). The Philippines isn't the only country in Asia that has the Austronesian background, sounds like Fil-Ams who claim Pacific Islander do not know the history behind the word Austronesian. Just because someone is Austronesian doesn't mean they can't be Asian and are Pacific Islanders. The Philippines and other several SE ASIAN countries also share common ancestors and race. The majority of Fil-Ams who started to claim Pacific Islander began in Hawaii. They start claiming Pacific Islander because "HAWAIIN/PACIFIC ISLANDER" sounds cooler to them. I've met plenty of Fil-AMS who have admitted to this. IF these FIL-AMS knew anything about FILIPINOS, they would know that FILIPINOS from the PHILIPPINES have a lot of similarities with SE ASIANS...including race...so there is nothing wrong with FILIPINOS and the ASIAN label. PinoyFilamPride 18:26, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Austronesian VS Polynesian
I think this article has many flaws, its seems to be grouping Pacific Islanders that include people from Hawaii and Maoris as Austronesains, when they are in fact Polynesians. Malays from Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia are not Polynesians. Theyre respective languages though are classified under the Malayo-Polynesian family. --Jandela 03:09, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Polynesian is a subgroup of Austronesian. From what I gather, "Malayo-Polynesian" is a lingual subgrouping, whereas Austronesian is a term not restricted simply to linguistics. Adrigon 23:40, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

Borderline vandalism
An anyonymous user or users who apparently take issue with Filipinos not fitting the definition of "Pacific Islander" have once again taken the liberty of not only removing text which mentions the reasons for why that is the case, but also removing any mention at all of the others (Oceanics and Asian-identified Filipinos) who take exception to Filipinos calling themselves "Pacific Islander". The content the person or persons have replaced it with uses weasel words to make a POV statement about why the deleted content was irrelevant. And as it stands, the sentence in what remains of the paragraph, which reads "It should be noted however that both groups are closely related ethnically..." no longer makes sense without the context provided by the material which they removed. I think this is not only poor editing, it's also borderline/possible vandalism and should be reverted to the last revert made by user Gadfium on March 6, 2007, which was itself a reversion of similarly-motivated revisions. Adrigon 07:08, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Unacceptable entry
I would be very keen to see this article reviewed. Facts and poleic are intertwined, it appears to be without citations, and is full of personal opinions. Is there anyone here who would care to comment before I tag this for review? docboat (talk) 11:35, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Based on editing patterns, this article, beginning on January 5, seems to have been hijacked by one person who appears to be unconcerned with Wikipedia's standards regarding encyclopedic tone and use of citations.
 * Their additions since then have meandered into a rambling grey area outside the subject of this article. Thanks to those additions, the majority of this article has become dominated by the Filipino identity issue, which prior had included only succinct mention of its relation to this article's subject.  This person's additions may be worthy of inclusion on Wikipedia, but if so, their additions should go elsewhere, in an article of their own expounding on that subject specifically, or perhaps added to the Filipino Americans article, since this is apparently a Filipino American issue.  If their material is moved, it will still need to be cited properly, and probably significant reformatting.  In my opinion, this article's content should revert to the way it was at the time they decided to begin editing it, and maybe have a "see also" link from this article to their relocated material.Adrigon (talk) 22:51, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The Usage dispute relates to the Pacific Islander usage dispute which even in the beginning mentions the Filipinos, so how is it a rambling grey area? When the usage dispute has always been there.
 * There was actually more information to this article but there have been anonymous users who continue to delete all the information as mentioned above. All the information in the usage dispute should be acceptable because the usage dispute does in fact mention the Filipino-American identity that is in connection with the Pacific Islander usage, not necessarily Filipinos. However, if it is indeed moved to the Filipino-American section of Wikipedia, don't you think people would go back to the Pacific Islander section to check information that relates to if Filipinos are Asian or Pacific Islanders? so they can see the information regarding Pacific Islanders. - Skillz   —Preceding unsigned comment added by SkillzDatKillz (talk • contribs) 02:34, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The pre-existing Usage Dispute section is about islands which border the Pacific and why their inhabitants are not defined as "Pacific Islanders". It mentions that many Filipino Americans apparently see themselves as an exception to this, a possible explanation about why that is, and the subsequent reaction.  And it goes on to mention the historically shared cultural roots of Pacific Islanders to others.  It was pretty concise, especially in comparison to what you've been adding.
 * Looking at the current version of your revisions, your content tends to stray from the subject of Pacific Islanders, the subject of this article. For an article about one subject, you go into a tedious amount of detail about others, such Austronesians, which is a broader subject with its own article where such information would more appropriately appear.  You write about Filipinos/Filipino Americans, and their perceptions of themselves.  You write about Asians.  You don't cite your information properly if at all.  You repeat things found earlier in the article.  And you've been editing it for over the past two months as if it were your own personal never-ending rough draft.  You come off either like a teenager who may be interested in the general topic but is kind of just messing around, or a saboteur with a lot of time of his/her hands who is trying to drag down the quality of the article, which, whether with actual ill intent or not, is what you are doing.
 * It's a grey area, because some of your additions are related to this article's subject and some of its content, without actually being about this article's subject. It's meandering because your edits have steered it in such a direction, away from the topic of actual Pacific Islanders, and most glaringly, in a way which regarding this article's central topic seems very verbose and unfocused.
 * I'm not sure I understand exactly what you're trying to say or imply in the final sentence of your above reply, but it comes off as perhaps indignant, as if people visiting this article to find out more about "Pacific Islanders" after visiting the articles on related topics would be somekind of overbearing incovenience, and therefore a reason not to move/remove/reduce your additions. I hope I'm not the only person who would find that to be a somewhat bizarre excuse not to do so. Adrigon (talk) 04:37, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * There seems to be a number of reasons why this article needs to be radically re-written. Firstly, it lacks citations and references to facts. Secondly, it seems to be written from the perspective mainly of US Americans - which is strange, because the US view of other nations may not coincide with those nations opinions of themselves. Why - for example - would there be so much emphasis on Hawaii? It is not the major part of the Pacific Islands. Thirdly, this is an article about the Pacific Islanders, and should NOT be about those who consider themselves - or not - to be Asian or a Pacific Islander. The PC sensibilities of emigrants to the US do not constitute a charter to redefine nationhood. I shall start to make some edits - a radical pruning, more like - and look forward to building concensus. docboat (talk) 11:36, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * OK, I have pruned - removed the debate about Filipinos in Asia (irrelevant to the topic - the topic is the Pacific Islanders, and they are a clearly defined region which does NOT include the Philippines) and irrelevant US-centric data. The article now seems more focused on the topic. Comments? docboat (talk) 12:04, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Usage Dispute
Seems like whoever deleted the Usage dispute, probably took exception to why Filipinos are not considered Pacific Islander. There's tons of information as regards to why Filipinos aren't Pacific Islander and are in fact, Asian. However, the current information regarding the definition of Pacific Islander is enough and there should no longer be a need for a usage dispute. Anyone who thinks so can visit here. - Anonymous Filipino American, April 1, 2008 3:00P.M. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Skillz4Realz (talk • contribs) 22:17, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually, anonymous Filipino American, you yourself removed that material - again. But let it stand. You have been informed that removing talk page content is deprecated, and you seem to be a new user - perhaps not used to the norms of Wikipedia. The debate is over, I hope? The problem seemed to lie around the lack of clear definition of the area. The Philippines do not lie within that clearly defined area, so any attempt to describe Filipinos as "Pacific Islanders" is quite wrong, as you point out. Many thanks for that support. I look forward to seeing you blossom as a regular Wikipedia editor! docboat (talk) 00:30, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually, I never removed the "Usage Dispute". I only removed the "Unacceptable Entry" part of the talk because all the information regarding the "Usage Dispute" has been removed or added to the Pacific Islanders Wikipedia entry. So why keep the "Unacceptable entry" when the information has all been deleted and understood from both parties? Get It? It's clear how a Pacific Islander is defined. Any information regarding Filipinos should be removed, as it has been said that the discussion is not relevant to this topic. The debate is over, any debate regarding Filipinos being Pacific Islanders should not be placed on the Pacific Islander section. Anyone who feels otherwise, should discuss this in the Filipino-American discussion board. That is understood. If anyone feels otherwise, they are more than welcome to discuss that here, correct? And thank you for the welcoming Docboat. I also look forward to having any further discussions with anyone who would like to share more information regarding anything on this topic. -Anyonymous Filipino American, April 1st, 2008, 1:13P.M. — Preceding unsigned comment added by WikiXpress (talk • contribs) 00:45, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

recent revert
This article is - or should be - about Pacific Islanders, not about how American-Filipinos may, or may not, consider themselves Asian. The geographic area is clear. The Philippines does not belong there. Any discussion to the topic surely belongs on a page devoted to Filipino attitudes within the USA. docboat (talk) 10:48, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Categories of ethnicities on Standardized Testing
Why are filipinos in a different category on Standardized Testing? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.62.155.146 (talk) 00:32, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

 * This could be because of the relationship between both the U.S. and the Philippines. Remember the Philippines was once colonized by the United States of America. If it makes any difference, I have seen this mainly in California which makes sense because of the large population of Filipinos. I have also seen Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese receive their own ethnic categories. Remember these tests can bring scholarships and grants. In California, some of the universities have students of Asian descent that outnumber other groups. PinoyFilamPride 03:43, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Dubious statements associated with Usage of term in Australia
I have removed the previous text associated with the use of the term in Australia. They are unsupported by a citation and do not seem to be supported by the coding under Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG). At the very least a citation needs to be provided for the assertions to be reinserted. --Matilda talk 02:16, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Palau
Why is Palau not included in the list at the beginning of the article? The other Caroline Islands (FS Micronesia) are included. I didn't want to edit it myself because there might be some reason which I'm missing. 80.123.210.172 (talk) 13:36, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

The map
The regions' context is missing from this map. Someone who doesn't already know that they're located in the south/southwestern Pacific would find no help from the map. Context could be provided by showing the western neighbors of the -nesias — Australia, Papua N.G., Indonesia, Philippines — at least in an inset. SamEV (talk) 12:02, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Name Ambiguity
user:150.210.231.30 has in the last days been editing this page and the Pacific Islands page. The edits are unreferenced and written so badly that I can't workout what the editor is actually trying to say. Below is his/her reply to my reversion of the edits copied from my talk page. As you can see it makes very little sense and includes a severe reluctance to add references...

 * Concerning your recent reverts in Pacific Islander, please be open to Wikipedian routines rather than asking other to add references where it's not applicable. You can refer the article Dai people: when mentioning some words in certain languages, it's usually good not to add any reference to make the article look better. Imagine if I edit the article Dai people this way: the term Dai at least within Chinese usage is an umbrella term[225] and as such has no equivalent in Tai languages[226][227][228]...[280] who have only more general terms for 'Tai peoples in general' (e.g., Tai Lue: tai˥˩[281], but this term refers to all Dai people, not including Zhuang[282]) and 'Tai people in China' (e.g., Thai: ชาวไทในจีน'[283]), both of which include the Zhuang[284][285] for example which is not the case in the Chinese[286] where [226][227][228]...[280] contain dozens of dictionaries and wordlists for every single Tai languages... Do you think this should be the way we edit Wikipedia? --150.210.231.30 (talk) 03:36, 13 December 2014 (UTC)

 * I can add some reference to depict how ancient Austronesians are similar to each other, but I do not agree your idea to refer something for every single word we write in this article. --150.210.231.30 (talk)

 * By the way you have already made two reverts in the article Pacific Islander. By WP:3RR, you can only make one more revert in that article. --150.210.231.30 (talk) 03:42, 13 December 2014 (UTC)

Specifcally - the problems I see are..

"In English, the umbrella term Pacific Islands refers only to those islands covered by the political geography concept of Oceania. " is a statement that is just simply not true from my standpoint and I doubt there is a dictionary that defines Pacific Islands in this way. Which is why I asked for references.

and fortunately already deleted by another editor "Even islands in the Pacific Oceans comprised by the Austronesian nations are significant larger than the Pacific Islands; for instance, one can hardly tell the differences between an islander of Guam and an islander of other Pacific Islands." There is no such thing as Austronesian nations - austronesian is a language group showing shared origins and no more. And the "you can't tell Pacific Islanders apart" comment is simply bizarre (showing a total lack of knowledge of the subject) and essentially racist.

Andrewgprout (talk) 20:35, 13 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Thank you for addressing your concern. Unfortunately it doesn't make a few sense to me:

 * 1) As described in the article Oceania, explicitly describes that Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia are part of Geopolitical Oceania, so the Geopolitical Oceania, thus it's a well-established fact that Pacific Islands refers only to those islands covered by Geopolitical Oceania. The Islands of the Pacific Ocean in general is more consistent with the Wider Geographic Oceania as defined in the same article, though it's not limited to the islands covered by the Wider Geographic Oceania. As described in this name ambiguity section, I didn't define the Pacific Islands as those islands covered by Geopolitical Oceania but simply state the fact that those islands are covered by Geopolitical Oceania. So I don't see the reason why you're looking for a dictionary that defines Pacific Islands in this way. I'll add a reference to this claim.
 * 2) I have completely no idea why that user or you or both claim that that sentence is "essentially racist". Can you or that user show me what kind of "racism" did I commit? Was that Mongoloid supremacy or Australoid supremacy? Also I didn't see any problem with Austronesian nations. We have Indo-European nations, we have Turkic nations, we have Tai-Kadai nations, and we have Native American nations. How come that when it comes to Austronesian nations you refuse to accept it and accuse me "racist"? Who is actively practicing discrimination against certain nations here? --150.210.231.30 (talk) 00:55, 16 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Hey come on my friend the two "problems" you found are about the article Pacific Islands and has nothing to do with the name ambiguity section in Pacific Islander. Why did you put it here? --150.210.231.30 (talk) 01:16, 16 December 2014 (UTC)

 * To quote : 150.210.231.30
 * " Again please instead of using a vacant accuse of OR, point out the issue you concern in the discussion page. Be a constructive editor."
 * in relation to my deletion of the following section.
 * "Pacific Islanders form one of the several "races" officially recognized by the United States, and are closely related to the Asians who come form East Timor and Eastern Indonesia and more broadly Maritime Southeast Asia.  Originally, the Austronesians and some Papuans share similar cultures until the Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia of and the European colonization of Oceania. As with some other officially recognized race groups in the United States (See the classification of Arab, Irannian and Indian American), the term Pacific Islander at least within American usage is an umbrella term and as such has no equivalent in either Austronesian languages or Papuan languages who have only more general terms for 'hometown', 'ocean', etc. (but those terms might be applied to all islands in the Pacific Ocean, not excluding the Philippines and Indonesian) and more specific terms, for their own island(s). Therefore the word Pacific Island(er)s, like with the aforementioned White American (for Arabs and Iranians)/Asian American (for Pakistanis and Afghanistanis), is a Euro-American political concept which has now been adopted by other languages such as Fiji Hindi, Turkish and even Indonesian with English loan words (see respective Wikipedias). As a solution in corresponding indigenous languages, a transcription of English word Pacific Island(er)s may also be applied to this English concept.
 * "Although they are officially recognized as a single race by the United States, these Austronesian and Papuan people consists of both Mongoloid and Australoid races. Even in one language family, two peoples with similar culture could be from different race (e.g. see Ati and Cebuano people)."
 * And in answer
 * I'm Not sure why it matters or needs to be mentioned that the US has this ethnicity in its Census data. But if it is relevant it should probably say something like "The US census includes "Hawaiian" or "other Pacific Islander" as an ethnicity in its data". Anything more is Original Research. Please read the definition of OR' carefully picking general vague statements and then making up your own conclusions or implications of these is Original Research.  And without sensible references it is hard for anyone to verify that what is written is not OR.
 * Now the next whole bit I am still struggling with even more. Firstly when I asked for references I wanted references that actually and directly support what you are writing I am unconvinced that these reference do anything to specifically support your additions - a general webpage about tattoos in the Philippines may indicate a cultural similarity but no more.  It is not controversial, in any way, that the peoples who expanded into the pacific were from an east Asian origin [] covers this admirably.
 * If I put my big "mind reading head" on I think what all the next bit is trying to say is that a particular group of Pacific Islanders have (or probably had (my interpretation)) no word for Pacific Islanders as a whole.  This is sort of obvious and quite typical of small isolated groups.  For instance the Maori had no unified word for themselves or for the land they lived on before European contact.  The additions are completely unreferenced and wander broadly to totally unrelated topics (turkish?). This is enough to remove the additions, but also most of it makes no real sense.  Can you explain to me what this sentence means and more importantly why it relates and adds to the article and so why this should be kept.
 * "As a solution in corresponding indigenous languages, a transcription of English word Pacific Island(er)s may also be applied to this English concept." It looks to me to have been produced by some random postmodern sentence generator' !
 * Also I'm unsure about your statement about "Mongoloid and Australoid" races. I would need some convincing "Australoid" is commonly thought of as a "race" rather than a language group (Austronesian).
 * As I offered before - if I can work out what point you are trying to make and this can be supported by proper references I would be glad to reword your additions into more readable English. However it is up to you to communicate and back up your additions.
 * Thanks Andrewgprout (talk) 22:26, 25 December 2014 (UTC)

 * I don't have enough time today and will read it and write my opinion next time. However, can you tell me what English problems it has? In order to make it grammatically correct, I referred another article, which seems to be written in good English. --150.210.231.30 (talk) 00:42, 12 January 2015 (UTC)

 * Tenses not matching and incorrect subject-verb agreement were common errors. But overall, the content does not belong. The content was not encyclopedic, and you did not properly attribute the material to the sources. Also, please refer to the guidelines on reliable sources. 2600:1001:B028:9D69:E08A:280E:1579:C70B (talk) 02:38, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20130403171145/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_RHI525211.htm to http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_RHI525211.htm

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Why Nauru isn't included in micronesia
I suggest adding Nauru in the micronesian headline 2600:1702:3930:5AC0:2D4E:6BAF:9D59:9793 (talk) 01:50, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pacific Islander


text:
Rothenbach

Rothenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Geography
Rothenbach lies 8 km west of Westerburg. Since 1972 it has belonged to what was then the newly founded Verbandsgemeinde of Westerburg, a kind of collective municipality. Its seat is in Westerburg.

Rothenbach's Ortsteile are Rothenbach, Obersayn and Himburg.

Politics
The council is made up of 13 council members, including the mayor (Bürgermeister), who were elected in a municipal election on 7 June 2009.

Economy and infrastructure
Right through the community runs Bundesstraße 255, leading from Montabaur to Herborn. The nearest Autobahn interchange is Montabaur on the A 3 (Cologne–Frankfurt). The nearest InterCityExpress stop is the railway station at Montabaur on the Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rothenbach


text:
File:The White Stripes - De Stijl.jpg

Cover for album De Stijl by The White Stripes.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:The White Stripes - De Stijl.jpg


text:
Mamertines

The Mamertines (Mamertini, "sons of Mars", Μαμερτῖνοι) were mercenaries of Italian origin who had been hired from their home in Campania by Agathocles (361–289 BC), Tyrant of Syracuse and self-proclaimed King of Sicily. After Syracuse lost the Seventh Sicilian War, the city of Messina was ceded to Carthage in 307 BC. When Agathocles died in 289 BC he left many of his mercenaries idle and unemployed in Sicily. Most of them returned home but some, liking the climate and the prospect of adventure on a foreign island, remained. They played a major role in the lead-up to the First Punic War.

In 280 BC, the Syracusans appealed to King Pyrrhus of Epirus for help against the Mamertines.

Capture of Messina
The then-small band of desperados came across the walled Greek settlement of Messina built on a strategic location on the north-eastern tip of Sicily on the strait between Sicily and Italy. Together with the fort Rhegium on the toe of Italy, it was the crossing point between Italy and Sicily. Being a peaceful people, the inhabitants allowed the travelling mercenaries into their homes. After a time, the mercenaries became restless and plotted to capture the town. One night, the mercenaries betrayed their hosts and killed most of the population, who were unprepared. In this way, they claimed Messina for themselves in 288 BC. The surviving Messinians were thrown out and the property and women divided. After their victory, the mercenaries named themselves the Mamertines after the Oscan war-god Mamers.

Dominion over northeastern Sicily
The Mamertines held the town of Messina for over 20 years. They changed it from a bustling town of farmers and traders to a raiding base. The Mamertines became pirates on land and sea. Taking advantage of the war-weary Sicilians, they looted the nearby settlements and captured trade ships on the strait, carrying their plunder back to their base. They captured prisoners and demanded tribute. During this period, they struck coins featuring their name and images of their gods and goddesses. Their exploits made them rich and powerful. They began travelling further inland, even as far as Gela, and demanding tribute.

Decline

The Mamertine presence did not go unchallenged forever. In around 270 BC, the Mamertine exploits came to the attention of Syracuse, by word of the refugees from the settlements. Hiero II, tyrant of Syracuse, began to gather an army of citizens with which to rid the land of the destroyers of the peace and rescue his Greek kinsmen. Hiero met with the Mamertines when they were nearing Syracuse. Marching out his troops, he first sent his unruly mercenaries forward and allowed them to be butchered by the Mamertines. The faithless part of his army disposed of, Hiero marched his citizen soldiers back to the city where he drilled them to a better fighting condition. Leading his confident army north, he found the Mamertines again at the Longanus River on the plain of Mylae where he easily defeated them, and proclaimed himself king. The Mamertines were not accustomed to large pitched battles and had become reckless after beating Hiero's mercenaries. In the battle, Hiero captured the Mamertine leaders and the remnants fled back to the safety of Messina. Hiero had restricted the Mamertine activity and placed them in a dire situation.

When Hiero returned to besiege their base at Messina in 265 BC, the Mamertines called for help from a nearby fleet from Carthage, which occupied the harbour of Messina. Seeing this, the Syracuse forces retired, not wishing to confront Carthaginian forces. Uncomfortable under the Carthaginian "protection," the Mamertines now appealed to Rome to be allowed into the protection of the Roman people. At first, the Romans did not wish to come to the aid of soldiers who had unjustly stolen a city from its rightful possessors. However, unwilling to see Carthaginian power spread further over Sicily and get too close to Italy, Rome responded by entering into an alliance with the Mamertines. In response, Syracuse allied itself with Carthage, imploring their protection. With Rome and Carthage brought into conflict, the Syracuse/Mamertine conflict escalated into the First Punic War.

Legacy
Once the scale of the conflict had escalated beyond them, the Mamertines were lost to the historical record and their fate is lost, swallowed up in the larger events of the Punic wars. After the First Punic War, however, their name was not quite forgotten in the ancient world since "Mamertine wine" from the vineyards of north-eastern tip of Sicily was still known and enjoyed in the 1st century. It was the favourite of Julius Caesar and it was he who made it popular after serving it at a feast to celebrate his third consulship.

Even centuries after the Mamertine occupation, the inhabitants of Messina were still called Mamertines.

In his novel Salammbô, Gustave Flaubert writes of the Greeks singing the 'old song of the Mamertines': "With my lance and sword I plough and reap; I am master of the house! The disarmed man falls at my feet and calls me Lord and Great King."

title: Mamertines


text:
User:KeithV

I am a Blunsdon United fan

title: User:KeithV


text:
New Norway

New Norway is a hamlet located in central Alberta, Canada within Camrose County. Named in 1895, it is located on Highway 21, approximately 100 km southeast of Edmonton and 22 km southwest of Camrose.

New Norway is home to a number of small businesses, and has an elementary and secondary school, local fire protection and municipal services provided by Camrose County.

History
In 1892, travelling first on the newly constructed Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) line, the Ole M. Olstad family disembarked in Wetaskiwin and made their way to the Duhamel settlement, which had been established for some years. The family quickly filed Dominion Lands Act homesteads a few miles south for themselves and several relatives and friends in the United States. In addition, they purchased available CPR land for $3.00 per acre ($7.41/ha).

For a time the area was known as the "Olstead District". However, as other Norwegian families (along with those of other nationalities) settled in the area, the name changed to New Norway around 1895. By 1903 the fledgling community had a school, general store, and a blacksmith shop to its credit.

In the fall of 1909, in anticipation of the new Grand Trunk Pacific rail line being built nearby, the community was moved (by the use of skids and seven oxen) to its present location NW-11-45-21-W4 (see Dominion Land Survey). According to the Camrose Canadian, the townsite of New Norway was put on sale on October 14, 1909, with 14 businesses filing an intent to establish within the first month. Commercial lots sold from $100 to $250, and residential lots were priced from $50 to $150.

New Norway incorporated as a village on May 6, 1910, and its first council was elected on May 9, 1910, with Norman M. Smith, James F. Willows and Evan O. Olstad serving.

Over a century later, the Village of New Norway was dissolved to hamlet status under the jurisdiction of Camrose County effective November 1, 2012.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, New Norway had a population of 307 living in 129 of its 138 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 320. With a land area of 1.13 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, New Norway had a population of 320 living in 126 of its 136 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2011 population of 278. With a land area of 1.12 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

title: New Norway


text:
Crossen

Crossen
 * Kendell Foster Crossen, detective story author
 * Crossens, a district of Southport

title: Crossen


text: User talk:82.32.45.123

title: User talk:82.32.45.123


text:
Skids (band)

Skids are a Scottish punk rock and new wave band, formed in Dunfermline in 1977 by Stuart Adamson (guitar, keyboards, percussion and backing vocals), William Simpson (bass guitar and backing vocals), Thomas Kellichan (drums) and Richard Jobson (vocals, guitar and keyboards). Their biggest successes were the 1979 single "Into the Valley" and the 1980 album The Absolute Game. In 2016, the band announced a 40th-anniversary tour of the UK with their original singer Richard Jobson.

Early years (1977–1979)
Skids played their first gig on 19 August 1977 at the Bellville Hotel in Pilmuir Street, Dunfermline, Scotland. Within six months they had released the Charles EP on the label No Bad records. The record brought them to the attention of national BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel. This led to a local gig supporting The Clash. Virgin Records then signed up Skids in April 1978. The singles "Sweet Suburbia" and "The Saints Are Coming" both made commercial inroads, before "Into the Valley" reached the top 10 in the UK Singles Chart in early 1979. The band released their debut studio album, Scared to Dance, the same year. It was recorded at The Townhouse Studios in London, England with production and keyboards by David Batchelor. Adamson walked out towards the end of the sessions before all the guitar overdubs were completed. Session guitarist Chris Jenkins was chief maintenance engineer at Townhouse Studios and completed the album using Adamson's studio set up, adding additional guitar to four tracks – "Into the Valley", "Integral Plot", "Calling the Tune" and "Scared to Dance". In the meantime, Adamson returned to Scotland when the recording was finished. He rejoined the band for the live concert tour promotion of the album. The record included "The Saints Are Coming", which was later covered in late 2006 as a charity single by U2 and Green Day.

Skids enjoyed a further year of chart success as "Masquerade" and "Working for the Yankee Dollar" reached the top 20 in the UK chart. The latter came from their second album, also released in 1979, Days in Europa, with the record's production and keyboards by Bill Nelson. Just before recording of the album commenced, Kellichan left the band and was temporarily replaced on drums by Rusty Egan (ex-Rich Kids, then with the band Visage and a New Romantic 1980s dance DJ at the Blitz club). Egan played on the album and later on the live concert tour of the record. Keyboard player Alistair Moore also temporarily joined the band to perform live with them. He had been recruited to play Bill Nelson's keyboard parts from the record. In November 1979, Mike Baillie, ex-Insect Bites, was recruited as a permanent band member, taking care of the drums, backing vocals and percussion). He slowly took over from Egan, while the band was still touring Days in Europa. Some of Jobson's lyrics as well as the album cover caused controversy. It showed an Olympian being crowned with laurels by an Aryan-looking woman, and the lettering was in Gothic script. Some, including DJ John Peel, felt that this glorified Nazi ideology and it was indeed similar to posters from the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in Germany. After the original version of the album had already been released, Canadian record producer Bruce Fairbairn was brought into the project. The original cover and the track "Pros and the Cons" were removed. The sleeve was completely re-designed and the song "Masquerade" added. The album was also remixed and the tracks re-sequenced. This second version was released in 1980. One updated track, "The Olympian", was released on a flexi-disc single as a free gift with a March 1980 issue of Smash Hits.

The Absolute Game, Joy and break-up (1980–1982)
In February 1980, one of Skids' founding members, William Simpson, left and was replaced by Russell Webb (bass guitar, backing vocals, keyboards, percussion, and guitar). Webb joined as a permanent band member and immediately started work on the recording of the band's third album The Absolute Game, released in 1980 and produced by Mick Glossop. It proved to be the band's most commercial release, reaching the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart and contained the minor hit single "Circus Games". A few of the tracks on the album also included a collection of fourteen adult and child backing vocalists, along with a lone didgeridoo player. Initial copies of The Absolute Game came with a free limited edition, second album entitled Strength Through Joy, echoing the band's previous controversial themes. Jobson claims to have got the title from Dirk Bogarde's autobiography.

Soon after the release and live concert tour of The Absolute Game Baillie left the band, shortly followed by Adamson (but Adamson did stay around long enough to play on one more song for the next album, Joy, called "Iona"). Baillie moved back to Scotland to live and Adamson went on to launch his new band, Big Country. This left Jobson and Webb to write and record the band's fourth and final album Joy, which Russell Webb also produced. The pair played multiple instruments on the album, and also invited a collection of seventeen musical friends to perform on various tracks with them. Skids dissolved in 1982, with the compilation Fanfare posthumously issued by Virgin. It was a mixture of most of the band's singles and some B-sides, though it omitted any tracks from the Joy period.

Jobson and Webb then went on to form a new band called The Armoury Show. The group recorded just one album, Waiting for the Floods in 1985 before splitting up. Jobson went on to pursue a solo career as a poet, songwriter, television presenter and most recently, as a film director. He released albums on the Belgian record label Les Disques du Crepuscule and the UK's own Parlophone Records. Webb proposed a solo career and, according to Armoury Show fan page, later joined Public Image Ltd in 1992 (but played only on their last tour), and is now a video game designer.

Reunion concerts, Burning Cities
In 2007, Richard Jobson, William Simpson and Mike Baillie, along with Bruce Watson (guitar and backing vocals), Jamie Watson (guitar), Brian Jobson (backing vocals) and Jane Button (backing vocals), got together to play three gigs. They were to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the group's formation and as a final tribute to Stuart Adamson, who had died in 2001. The shows on 4 and 5 July were at Dunfermline's Glen Pavilion (where they were supported by Rosyth band The Draymin), outside which Skids had previously played only their second gig, according to Jobson, and on 7 July at the T in the Park festival.

Skids returned to the stage on 28 November 2009 as one of the headlining acts in Homecoming Live, a series of gigs held around the SECC complex in Glasgow to celebrate the end of the Year of Homecoming in Scotland. The line-up mirrored the 2007 gigs, with members of The Gospel Truth Choir joining Button on backing vocals for "A Woman in Winter" and "Working for the Yankee Dollar".

The same line-up performed a concert on 5 March 2010 at the ABC in Glasgow, with support from The Law and Bruce & Jamie Watson, and lastly a concert on 6 March 2010 at the Alhambra Theatre, Dunfermline with support from Beatnic Prestige and Bruce & Jamie Watson. This final concert was to conclude a week of events celebrating the works, past and present, of Richard Jobson as part of The Fifer Festival 2010 on 6 March 2010.

The band undertook another reunion tour in 2017 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of their formation. It had a more extensive set of venues than the 2007 reunion with concerts throughout the UK and Ireland, and headlining the 2017 Rebellion Festival on the final night. The lineup included Richard Jobson, Bill Simpson, Mike Baillie, Bruce Watson and Jamie Watson.

In 2018 Burning Cities included four songs co-written by Martin Metcalfe, formerly of Goodbye Mr Mackenzie. The album reached number 28 in the UK Albums Chart.

Songs from a Haunted Ballroom
After issuing an acoustic album in 2019, the band (including Big Country's Bruce and Jamie Watson) returned in 2021 with a covers album called Songs from a Haunted Ballroom. The album was recorded as a tribute to a music venue called the Kinema Ballroom in Dunfermline, Scotland (opened in 1938 but now the Kinema Restaurant Global Fusion Buffet)  and features covers of tracks by The Clash, The Adverts, Sex Pistols, Magazine and Ultravox! as well as re-recordings of their own "The Saints Are Coming" and "Into the Valley".

Destination Düsseldorf
A new album, Destination Düsseldorf, has been announced for March 2023, then postponed to 30 June.

On 27 September 2023 Richard Jobson released a statement on the bands official website announcing that for the foreseeable future Bruce and Jamie Watson would be stepping down to focus on their work with Big Country. Replacing them would be long time collaborators and friends Martin Metcalfe and Fin Wilson (The Filthy Tongues). Both had written material for the recent albums Burning Cities and Destination Düsseldorf. Nick Hernandez continues on drums and Dunfermline born Connor Whyte takes over on guitar.

The changes allow the Skids to honour upcoming tours of the UK, Australia and Europe.

Band members
Current members
 * Richard Jobson – lead vocals, guitar, keyboards (1977–1982, 2007–2010, 2016–present)
 * Bruce Watson – guitar, backing vocals, bass, drums (2007–2010, 2016–present)
 * Jamie Watson – guitar, backing vocals, bass (2007–2010, 2016–present)
 * Nick Hernandez – drums (2022–present)

Former members
 * Stuart Adamson – guitar, backing vocals, keyboards (1977–1981; died 2001)
 * William Simpson – bass, backing vocals (1977–1980, 2007–2010, 2016–2022)
 * Tom Kellichan – drums (1977–1979)
 * Rusty Egan – drums (1979)
 * Mike Baillie – drums, backing vocals, percussion (1979–1980, 2007–2010, 2016–2019)
 * Russell Webb – bass, backing vocals, keyboards, guitar, percussion (1980–1982)

Alistair Moore (keyboard)

Discography

 * Scared to Dance (1979)
 * Days in Europa (1979)
 * The Absolute Game (1980)
 * Joy (1981)
 * Burning Cities (2018)
 * Peaceful Times (2019)
 * Songs from a Haunted Ballroom (2021)
 * Destination Düsseldorf (2023)

title: Skids (band)


text:
Talk:New Norway

Untitled
I changed Bobblewik's conversion from km2 to hectares for clarity because agricultural land is simply not refered to by the km. Especially given this location and historical context.--Bookandcoffee 16:40, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:New Norway logo.jpg
Image:New Norway logo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:23, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

resources for expansion
Found this very good writeup on Norwegian settlement and also this from the U Sask.Skookum1 (talk) 10:26, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Norway


text:
User:Iulianu/Copyrights

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

title: User:Iulianu/Copyrights


text:
1994 German federal election

Federal elections were held in Germany on 16 October 1994 to elect the members of the 13th Bundestag. The CDU/CSU alliance led by Helmut Kohl remained the largest faction in parliament, with Kohl remaining Chancellor in a narrowly re-elected coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP). This elected Bundestag was the largest in history until 2017, numbering 672 members.

Even though this election did not lead to a switch in government, it saw the election of many people to the Bundestag who would play an important role later. Future CDU leaders Friedrich Merz and Armin Laschet were first elected to the Bundestag in 1994, as were future cabinet ministers Norbert Röttgen and Peter Altmaier. This was the last election until 2009 that a center-right government was elected.

Issues and campaign
The Social Democratic Party (SPD) let its members elect a candidate for chancellor against Helmut Kohl after SPD leader Björn Engholm and chancellor candidate-designate had to resign in 1993 amid scandal. Rudolf Scharping, Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate, beat Gerhard Schröder and Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul in the SPD's internal election. Scharping was only elected with 40 percent of the vote and relied on campaigning with other SPD leaders and rivals such as Oskar Lafontaine and Gerhard Schröder, both self-confident and outspoken, in a "troika". Tension between them greatly hurt his campaign. In addition, Scharping was seen as a weak leader due to his lack of charisma and media skills, and therefore did not induce a lot of enthusiasm.

For the first time in their existence, Alliance 90/The Greens seemed to be willing to join a government in case a centre-left SPD–Greens coalition had a workable majority in the Bundestag.

The election also saw a "red socks" campaign used by the centre-right, including the CDU/CSU and the Free Democratic Party (FDP), to scare off a possible red–red–green coalition (SPD–Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS)–Greens). Analysts have stated that such a strategy likely paid off, as it was seen as one of the decisive elements for the narrow victory of Kohl for the CDU/CSU–FDP. The campaign was criticized as an obvious attempt to discredit the whole political left; the PDS reinterpreted it for itself by printing red socks.

Results by state
Second vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list)

Post-election
The coalition between the CDU/CSU and the FDP was able to continue in power with Helmut Kohl as chancellor.

The PDS won four constituency seats in its power base of the former East Berlin, qualifying it for proportional representation even though the party won 4.4 percent of the vote, just short of the 5% electoral threshold required for full parliamentary status. Under a longstanding electoral law intended to benefit regional parties, any party that wins at least three constituency seats is entitled to its share of proportionally-elected seats, regardless of vote share.

This was the first time in the history of the Federal Republic that the FDP was not the third-largest party in the chamber.

title: 1994 German federal election


text: Category:Long Beach Dub Allstars albums

title: Category:Long Beach Dub Allstars albums


text: Category:The White Stripes albums

title: Category:The White Stripes albums


text:
User talk:El C/Article Licensing

Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk) -- Hi, my approach is that –Anything– I have written, or will write, on WP (all languages – all wikis) is public public domain; meaning, it can be used by anyone (publicly) so long as there is no profit involved (i.e. Wikitravell is fine, a travel agency is not, etc.). I'm not really sure how that fits with the licensing schemes out there, and perhaps this is something you would care to elaborate on. El_C ---

Image licencing
I'm working on the image tagging project, you haven't specified what kind of licence that you are realeasing you pictures under either. From the comment you made above I would suggest GFDL. When you decide could you please tag the images (of your own) that you've uploaded accordingly. Many thanks --nixie 11:49, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Primarily PD, but there have been some complications. Best of luck to you with the image tagging project. I am sorry I could not be of more assistance El_C - What you describe in User talk:El C/Article Licensing is closest to   which is a copyleft license that requires attribution and can only be use non-commercially. It isn't really compatible with WikiTravel as I was asking, but it is what I think you described, so maybe you want to use that. Later! – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)  02:01, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

Interesting, thanks for pointing this out. I will look into that licensing scheme soon. El_C

title: User talk:El C/Article Licensing


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Actualism Art Movement

Actualism Art Movement
I'm merely querying if this should be deleted; not sure if this concept has any popular acceptance or significance. Regardless, the article needs cleanup. Ground 01:05, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Non-notable. Gamaliel 01:10, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. However, it needs some major clean-up. Tag it for cleanup rather then deletion. Coolgamer 01:12, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not a significant movement, and there are thousands of small scale, self-named "movements" in art.  This one hasn't caught on.  Geogre 01:42, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment I'm a little undecided. Geogre's right about subfactions of art "movements" -- there seems to be a minor panic in the art world if someone doesn't come up with a new movement every year or so.  This particular one was "invented" by a Julia McWald -- seems like it might be more appropriate to include information about the movement in a bio page about her, but unfortunately one doesn't exist. Katefan0 03:52, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * del. Mikkalai 09:05, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Imaginably a worthwhile article on this is possible. This isn't it. Delete unless someone turns this from a manifesto into an article that demonstrates notability. -- Jmabel | Talk 09:44, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * FWIW, there doesn't seem to be a solid reference on Actualism art style
 * Delete. utcursch 12:56, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * May be copyvio, see . OTOH, There does appear to be evidence of an Actualist art style that doesn't mention David Brown (see ). - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ] ]] 18:46, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)


text:
James Paget University Hospital

James Paget University Hospital is at Gorleston-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, on the A47 Lowestoft Road. It is managed by the James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

History
The hospital, which replaced Great Yarmouth General Hospital and Gorleston-on-Sea Cottage Hospital, opened on 21 July 1982. It was named after Sir James Paget an English surgeon and pathologist who was born in Great Yarmouth and is best remembered for naming Paget's disease. The Louise Hamilton Centre, which was built to provide palliative care for people with cancer and other life limiting and progressive illnesses, was officially opened by Princess Anne in April 2013.

Services
James Paget University Hospital provides a full range of clinical services for a population of 230,000 residents across Great Yarmouth, Lowestoft and Waveney.

Performance

In March 2007, there was an outbreak of Clostridium difficile at the hospital which killed 17 people. In December 2010 and into 2011, the hospital was put on black alert as it saw a rise in patient numbers. Patients were urged to relieve pressure on the hospital by seeking treatment elsewhere such as at pharmacies, GP surgeries and Minor Injury Units. In March 2011, the hospital had an outbreak of group A streptococcal infection which resulted in the death of a patient. As a preventative measure, staff and patients were screened. In June 2011, a Care Quality Commission inspection found that the hospital was in the moderate concern category with respect to meeting the needs of some patients in nutritional and patient dignity standards. The inspection followed allegations that the care of some elderly patients was lacking in some respects earlier during the year. In August 2012 the Care Quality Commission published a report mentioning one remaining minor concern about the hospital's record-keeping. Compliance in record-keeping meant that the hospital was now fully compliant on all the care standards. The Trust was named by the Health Service Journal as one of the top hundred NHS trusts to work for in 2015. At that time, it had 2511 full-time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 3.25%. 65% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 64% recommended it as a place to work.

title: James Paget University Hospital


text:
Talk:The Night Watch

Bicyclic (talk) 13:38, 12 September 2022 (UTC)
220912 just to mention that the hi-res version of the picture is much larger than it needs to be in terms of data volume. It took several minutes to download on a 16MBPS link. I think the file size is about 40MB but was unable to complete verifying this. Could those who supply the image please put a file of a more manageable size into the page? Thanks Bicyclic (talk) 13:38, 12 September 2022 (UTC)

King Crimson
I don't believe for a moment that the paragraph on the progressive rock group King Crimson is of the slightest interest to anyone looking for information on this great work. I've deleted it. Palefire 01:07, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

I am unfamiliar with the King Crimson reference (and am now intrigued), but the progressive rock group Ayreon has a song from the view point of one individual possing for The Night Watch. You may review the lyrics at on the Ayreon website. --RedKnight 20:11, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

I added KC song title Night Watch into cultural references because the song clearly is about the painting. The lyrics of the entire song are about the subject matter of the painting, and the concluding verses discuss how men of the upper classes try to communicate to the masses through "the painter's brush".(Anon Oct 4 2012) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.175.135.49 (talk) 00:02, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

Popular reception
Changed this heading from 'myths' because I believe it more accurate. The external link which yields this information does not claim that the misconception began with the advertisement, merely that it continued and contributed to it. JNW 23:40, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

Simon Schama in The Power of Art claims at least one patron *was* dissatisfied with the painting and refused to pay, and R had to submit his "grievance" to a court of his peers in an arbitration which he found embarrassing. He names the patron as well as the source for this story, which he says is one of R's students, whom again he names. I don't have the name of either patron or student in front of me, but this seems like at least some support for the belief that the work rankled some people. Someone with more expertise than I should either discredit Schama with new information and sources, or at least offer his version as an alternative. It appears the issue is far from settled, unless as I said Schama can be conclusively debunked.

67.180.44.133 (talk) 00:32, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

comment on trivia item
First trivia item states: "Rembrandt cleverly included himself in the painting. In the background, slightly above and to the left of the Captain's head, all that is visible of him is an eye, a nose, part of a forehead, and his painter's beret." Agreed that trivia does not belong; though artist's self depiction in famous painting might fit in narrative and not be considered trivia. However, no citation is provided and the curatorial materials at the Rijksmuseum note that *some believe* this figure to be a self portrait, but experts are not in agreement about it. 68.20.20.179 (talk) 17:59, 26 December 2007 (UTC)dmittleman

Chiaroscuro
IS this painting an example of Chiaroscuro? if not, why not? if it is, should it be mentioned? ---Uwaisis (talk) 16:34, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

- No, this is not an example of chiaroscuro, it is however, an example of tenebrism. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.143.242.58 (talk) 19:49, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

Tenebrism is a type of chiaroscuro with heightened contrast between light and shadow as you can learn from the relevant Wikipedia article. --Georgius (talk) 10:24, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Name
Should be The Night Watch, as it is normally so called, and this is not a standard title. Johnbod (talk) 22:01, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

What about "Captain Banning Cocq's Sortie of the Civic Guard". I've seen it referred to as that in online galleries and art books. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.203.144.131 (talk) 18:38, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I've moved it to The Night Watch (painting). --  ♬  Jack of Oz  ♬  [your turn]  20:00, 16 April 2012 (UTC)

Fixing the Trivia Section
I have changed "Trivia" to "Other Representations" which might not be accurate, but at least we don't have a "Trivia" section any longer. Of course, this meant I had to delete a little factoid about Rembrandt having painted himself "very cleverly" over the captain's left shoulder, but I don't think the article is the worse for wear missing something akin to an urban legend. Jaloka (talk) 14:21, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

 * No, you still have a trivia section; it's just not titled trivia. Don't change the title; remove the section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.113.148.18 (talk) 11:28, 2 December 2012 (UTC)

-- Considering Peter Greenaway's amazing reconstruction of the historical context of the painting, this wiki entry may be insufficient to convey its greatness. In fact, even the Dutch National Museum's attempts are quite deceiving in this respect as they are commenting this very painting with "Rembrandt often sacrificed accuracy for liveliness"! A disgrace, which Wikipedia authors and art admirers should try to repair.

Certainly one noticeable aspect of the painting is not one but the "many trivias" or call them "puzzles", which Greenaway arranged together to a very compelling theory.

Just to make some citation of his movie: please take notice how the "devilish black" de Coq is holding a "pointing" right hand glove in his own right hand... while it is his left hand that is naked... And now, 3 years before this painting, Rembrandt paints this other work : Please notice the glove on the ground...

Can all these puzzles really be coincidences? It would be an unfair depiction of the baroque culture. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.211.168.51 (talk) 10:48, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

 * "The dead chicken is also meant to represent a defeated adversary. " The symbol of France is the cockerel. Catholic France in 1642 was still deeply embroiled in the Thirty Years' War. Holland was a bastion of Protestantism.--Wetman (talk) 01:05, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

hey, it also proves how they're totally gay: just look at that one guy pointing at the other dude's crotch. shall we please leave all the crazy conspiracy-talk to the mona lisa. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.127.246.170 (talk) 23:31, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move per request as the primary topic.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 11:42, 18 October 2012 (UTC)

The Night Watch (painting) → The Night Watch – Primary topic. JackofOZ moved the page from Night Watch (painting) to The Night Watch (painting) in April. Page views: 43.2K 12.8K (there's a 7.2K outlier here) 3.5K. Marcus Qwertyus (talk) 22:55, 8 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose it should be redirected to the disambiguation page Night Watch which features several "The"s. -- 70.50.149.56 (talk) 05:41, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
 * That's not the issue. Johnbod (talk) 09:05, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Support as clearly primary. Johnbod (talk) 09:05, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. Clear primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:58, 12 October 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Leads The Eye
The article already mentions "With effective use of sunlight and shade, Rembrandt leads the eye to [...]". There's (at least) one more thing, that's not yet mentioned in the article, namely the use of lines. I'm Dutch; my art teacher explained the lines-thing to me in art class when I was young. I couldn't find an image that explains the lines-thing via Google, so I made one myself. It can be found here. Mirror of the image here. I'm not a native English speaker. How best to add what I've decribed here to the sentence I quoted ("With effective use of [...]")? Any suggestions? By the way, I know this is 'original research' but the whole Key elements section is unsourced - without references - anyways. --82.170.113.123 (talk) 18:48, 8 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Maurice Merleau-Ponty makes some observations about the lines of sight implied by the composition and the two central figures, these are briefly quoted in the article, and there's more in a chapter of Michael Bockemühl's Rembrandt (1992). From what I understadn of it, they're both pointing to slight bendings of the perspective and the use of shadows to "widen" the composition and enhance the figure of the captain. Merleau-Ponty seems to be saying, in another quote (found through Google Books) that the arm and hand of the captain, pointing prominently at the viewer and sort of pulling our eyes into the picture, are not fully consistent with the shadow of the same limb falling on the man next to him, and other shadows nearby. The shadow, then, has been rearranged by Rembrandt to influence the sense of space, and perhaps to make it look like the captain is a bit closer to us relative to his lieutenant than he really should be, judging from their legs.

 * Since this painting has been hugely influential and admired as an example of a lively group portrait, it could be useful to add something more into the article here about these questions of composition and lines of sight. 83.251.164.50 (talk) 14:56, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

What a Crazy Language
This article starts: "The Night Watch or The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq (Dutch: De Nachtwacht)" The Dutch translation should perhaps be closer to what it is a translation of... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.158.48.17 (talk) 18:13, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

Golden Girl
There has been some claim that the female character, sometimes named the "golden girl", was the portrait of his wife, Saskia van Uylenburgh. This could be integrated somewhere. --Eleassar my talk 11:11, 31 December 2013 (UTC)

the claws of a dead chicken on her belt represent the clauweniers (arquebusiers);
Might the chicken refer to Captain Cocq? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 100.36.69.30 (talk) 19:17, 3 January 2015 (UTC)

97.76.80.210 (talk) 23:29, 1 August 2017 (UTC)== key elements ==

I do not understand this line,;it could be written much more clearerly. "Moreover, all characters of this painting were conceived to present double readings." 97.76.80.210 (talk) 23:29, 1 August 2017 (UTC)slipandslide97.76.80.210 (talk) 23:29, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

key elements
This line is unclear: "Moreover, all characters of this painting were conceived to present double readings". Could someone who understands what it is supposed to mean please edit it. Slipandslide (talk) 23:38, 1 August 2017 (UTC)
 * I removed the whole para in the end. It's very much a minority view. Certainly WP:UNDUE in the lead. Johnbod (talk) 03:17, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

 * If R wanted to effectively "make a statement" or communicate a concept, why would he make it so secret and impossibly difficult to decipher? All interpretations and readings are merely the subjective, private personal opinions of various spectators.173.61.223.136 (talk) 13:47, 16 October 2018 (UTC)De Mikeal Tibbetts

Digital completion
The restored painting has been digitally reproduced, together with its missing sections, using the Lundens copy:  The Rijksmuseum presumably has an announcement. Errantius (talk) 14:14, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

Location
where is the picture set, which town? Biofuelsimon (talk) 19:21, 12 December 2023 (UTC)

 * @Biofuelsimon the painting is at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, and that city is where the Night Watch is set. Though it would be best to ask questions like this elsewhere since the talk page is WP:NOTAFORUM for discussion of the painting, but rather a place to discuss the contents of the article.  The Night Watch     (talk)   19:25, 12 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Night Watch


text:
File:Morethan.jpg

Summary
Cover art for More Than You Think You Are by Matchbox Twenty. The image can or could be obtained from its copyright holders Atlantic Records.

Fair-use in More Than You Think You Are
This image is subject to copyright, but I feel it is covered by United States fair-use laws because:

 * 1) It is a low-resolution copy of a CD artwork;
 * 2) It is a subject of discussion in the article.
 * 3) It does not limit the copyright's owners to sell the CD in any way;
 * 4) Copies could not be made to make illegal copies of the artwork or CD itself;
 * 5) The image is significant because it was made by a renowned artist, Jackson Browne.

title: File:Morethan.jpg


text:
User:Deathphoenix

 ''Welcome to my user page. To leave me a message, please click here.''

!vote is the only thing I've added of value to Wikipedia, unfortunately.

Battle of Vimy Ridge:
 * C'est impossible!
 * Ah! les Canadiens! C'est possible!

Me

Since userboxes are so popular around here, check out mine!

Who I am
I'm relatively new to the Wiki world. I started out as a simple browser reading an online encyclopedia for general interest and learning. After seeing a few typos, I started to fix them. After finding something weird with one of the pages, I got into the world of Wiki vandalism. With any luck, I'll have some vandal deface my user page some day. But if you're not here to do that, be sure to check out the Kindness Campaign page.

In case anyone is wondering, my name does not come from the Harry Potter series of books. I like the series and work on its Wikiproject, but I'm not a rabid fan by any sense of the word. In fact, I picked that name years before J.K. Rowling even started writing her first book.

I am a tech writer working in the software development field. I am Canadian, I was born in 1977, and I currently live in Toronto, Ontario with my lovely wife and young leech dependent  offspring son. I hold degrees in Engineering and Applied Arts.

As of 17:44, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC), my Wikipediholic score is 128. Not bad for a first-timer.

!vote
I am the originator of the term !vote. I first proposed its use here (final version of the thread here) and started using it in normal on-Wiki conversations after then. I don't know when it took off, but I recently noticed many other Wikipedians using it in normal on-Wiki conversations as well, including in AfD closures. I know it's extremely sad that !votes are my sole claim to Wiki-fame, but since I am unlikely to have any other (positive) impact on Wikipedia, I'll grasp onto anything that I can.

What I do
On Wikipedia, I would say that I'm a part-timer. I'm pretty busy with other things, but I love contributing to this great project in my own small way.
 * On general articles in Wikipedia, I usually just make minor edits when I see any mistakes while reading. I generally like to read articles on astronomy, the military (mostly just the units, departments, tactics, and weapons), and fantasy literature.
 * In contrast with my unblock activities, I check Administrator intervention against vandalism on a frequent basis and either send warnings to accounts, or block them. I also sit around and admire the work of HBC AIV helperbot (not run by Hudson's Bay Company, strangely enough!).
 * I try to help deal with the inevitable detail-oriented, fan-based edits that come with the release of the newest Harry Potter book, as a participant of WikiProject Harry Potter. These days, I just make minor edits, lend my opinion on the talk pages, and maintain the watchlist and image pages.

What I infrequently (or used to) do

 * I am one of the (over a dozen) listmods on the Unblock-en-l mailing list, and I (now infrequently) examine some of the unblock requests there. I also (infrequently) examine on-wiki unblock requests.
 * I used to spend a fair bit of time on Articles for deletion/Old closing some of the last, more difficult AfDs of the day that other vote closers leave unclosed. With a few exceptions, it's generally a thankless task that takes a fair bit of time, and you can expect a huge volume of criticism if you get it wrong! After having my competence as a closing admin attacked repeatedly for one AfD on Deletion review, I've decided not to do this anymore to reduce my Wikistress.
 * I can't stand seeing eight day backlogs like this one, so maybe I'll try to clear some backlog. The jury's still out on whether I want to continue doing this on a regular basis like I used to, though. My Wikistress has been a lot less after I stopped closing old AfDs.
 * I like to contribute to the creation of barnstars, though my work (if any) these days consists mainly of discussing new proposals rather than creating new barnstars.
 * I used to regularly offer my opinions on Deletion review and tried to notify administrators whose actions are being reviewed (by using Template:DRVNote). I still glance over the page, but rarely contribute to it anymore.
 * I used to spend quite some time voting on Votes for deletion (back when it was still called "Votes for deletion"). I tended to vote Delete more than others, but I only think of myself as a strong deletionist for vanity or advertisement articles. For other articles, I tended to be one of those Wikipedians who dislike making broad judgements about the worthiness of a general category of article, and who are in favour of the deletion of some particularly bad articles, but that doesn't mean they are deletionist.
 * When I think of it, I like to clear out Candidates for speedy deletion, though I don't do that too often these days.

My alignment
Although I like to think of myself as Chaotic Neutral, according to this test, I am actually Lawful Neutral. Oh, the irony.

Contact me!
If you wish to contact me, you may do so on my talk page or by email. If this is unacceptable and you wish to visit me in person, look for me at the following address:
 * 40 College Street
 * Toronto, Ontario
 * Canada
 * M5G 2J3

On comments I've seen of increasing bureaucracy and governance
Homer Simpson: "What really matters is my title. I think I'll make myself... Vice President. No, wait! Junior Vice President!"

Jocularity in edits

 * "most useless waste of space on all of Wikimedia"

 * Uncromulent neologism
 * I mark an unsigned comment here. The following edits show my stupidity.
 * A couplet of DRV notices in rhyming couplet form (generally bad form to include my own bits of humour, I know, but I think it makes sense to put both our poems in here)
 * block-ity block block (check the editor's name too!)
 * I hate long goodbyes
 * How can it remove itself from the list of users to block when it is blocked?.

Jocularity in pages

 * Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense (WP:-) and others) - inaugural entry
 * Association of Geriatric Editors (WP:AGE)
 * No climbing the Reichstag dressed as Spiderman (WP:SPIDER and others)
 * Articles for deletion/Acucullophilia: I would have suggested WP:BALLOCKS if I were to contribute to that AfD.

Other accounts

 * Merged under Unified login:
 * Meta
 * Wiktionary
 * Wikibooks
 * Wikisource
 * Wikia
 * Memory Alpha
 * Wiki 24
 * Terminator
 * Ultronomicon

Soapbox: Article ownership and taking things personally
There should be no "owners" of any articles except for user pages. I strongly believe that once you submit an article or edit to Wikipedia, it is no longer yours. That goes with the various levels of copyright used here (GFDL, CC, and public domain).

If you wanted full ownership of an article with no other people "destroying" it, you should put it up on a web site. However, if you do make a contribution to Wikipedia, be ready to have your work mutilated and edited mercilessly if need be. I expect (and have seen) some of my own edits mutilated because I missed something, I wasn't aware of common Wikipedia style/practices, or because my edits were simply not good. As a tech writer, I have seen some of my own documentation edited mercilessly. I try not to take such things personally, even though it can be hard at times.

If you can't honestly say that you wouldn't mind having your contributions to a particular article edited with extreme pain, don't make those contributions and concentrate on another article that you don't feel so personally about. The other alternative is to put up your material on a web site, where others can't just come and edit your work without your permission.

Copy & Paste

 * VandalProofProof

Your report on **IP address** to WP:AIV
FYI: [**DIFF**]

Just wanted to let you know that I removed your report without action because the IP hadn't vandalised since your final warning. I'm not sure if you were using a tool such as VandalProof to make this report, but it's best to wait until an IP has vandalised after the final warning before making the report. Please keep up the good work! Thanks, ~

Collateral damage: You were hit with the autoblocker tool, which blocked the underlying IP address of a recently-blocked user.
 * Unblock request granted (with sample reason)

 * Preferred method of awarding barnstars

Changed loyalty/allegiance field according to established conventions
 * Update loyalty/allegiance field

 * Page blanking and replacing with spoilers

Posting spoilers is considered vandalism. Don't do it. --~

 * Wikiproject Harry Potter

 * AfD "don't remove" boilerplate

Congratulations on having your article pass the VfD process with a Keep.

Just to let you know, even when the consensus appears to be Keep, you should wait until we have finished the AfD process before you remove the boilerplate text stating the article is up for AfD (you can, of course, continue to work on the article during the AfD process, as long as you keep the boilerplate text up). I know that sometimes it seems that the AfD process takes a long time to complete, but if you have a look at the old AfD articles, you can see that we have a huge backlog.

Thanks,

--~

 * User:Deathphoenix/Sandbox

Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article User:Deathphoenix/Sandbox may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. On Wikipedia, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects.

Footer
This page has been vandalised 27 times.

The talk page has been vandalised 5 times.
 * (not counting honest mistakes)

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title: User:Deathphoenix


text:
Talk:New Found Glory (album)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on New Found Glory (album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090614090109/http://www.kerrang.com/wheretostartwith/artists/new_found_glory to http://www.kerrang.com/wheretostartwith/artists/new_found_glory

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title: Talk:New Found Glory (album)


text: User talk:162.119.232.105

title: User talk:162.119.232.105


text: Talk:Nothing Gold Can Stay

title: Talk:Nothing Gold Can Stay


text:
Talk:From the Screen to Your Stereo

Vinyl Bonus Song?
So umm, the article mentions a bonus song on the vinyl record, but what is it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.121.34.248 (talk) 15:45, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
 * The article has been updated to include that information. 23.30.58.238 (talk) 19:33, 26 March 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:From the Screen to Your Stereo


text:
Wieniawa

Wieniawa may refer to:

 * Wieniawa, Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland
 * Wieniawa Commune, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland
 * Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski (1881–1942), Polish General
 * Henryk Wieniawski (1835–1880), Polish violinist and composer
 * Julia Wieniawa (born 1998), Polish pop singer and actress

title: Wieniawa


text: User talk:24.59.29.64

title: User talk:24.59.29.64


text:
Tantalite

The mineral group tantalite [(Fe, Mn)Ta2O6] is the primary source of the chemical element tantalum, a corrosion (heat and acid) resistant metal. It is chemically similar to columbite, and the two are often grouped together as a semi-singular mineral called coltan or "columbite-tantalite" in many mineral guides. However, tantalite has a much greater specific gravity than columbite (8.0+ compared to columbite's 5.2). Iron-rich tantalite is the mineral tantalite-(Fe) or ferrotantalite and manganese-rich is tantalite-(Mn) or manganotantalite.

Tantalite is also very close to tapiolite. Those minerals have the same chemical composition, but different crystal symmetry: orthorhombic for tantalite and tetragonal for tapiolite.

Tantalite is black to brown in both color and streak. Manganese-rich tantalites can be brown and translucent.

Occurrence
Tantalite occurs in granitic pegmatites that are rich in rare-elements, and in placer deposits derived from such rocks. It has been found in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia (Guainía and Vichada), Egypt, northern Europe, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, The Democratic Republic of Congo, the United States (California, Colorado, Maine, and Virginia), and Zimbabwe. Brazil has the world's largest reserve of tantalite (52.1%).

Applications
The tantalum metal extracted from tantalite is used in alloys for strength and higher melting points, in glass to increase the index of refraction, and in surgical steel, as it is non-reactive and non-irritating to body tissues. Much like glass, it is not suitable for use in hydrofluoric acid and strong hot alkali applications.

Sustainability
The mining of tantalite causes many environmental and social problems in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

title: Tantalite


text:
1990 German federal election

Federal elections were held in Germany on 2 December 1990 to elect the members of the 12th Bundestag. This was the first all-German election since the Nazi show election in April 1938, the first multi-party all-German election since that of March 1933, which was held after the Nazi seizure of power and was subject to widespread suppression, and the first free and fair all-German election since November 1932. The result was a comprehensive victory for the governing coalition of the Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union and the Free Democratic Party (FDP), which was reelected to a third term. The second vote result of the CDU/CSU, 20,358,096 votes, remains the highest ever total vote count in a democratic German election.

The elections marked the first since 1957 that a party other than CDU/CSU and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) won a constituency seat, and the first (and only) time since 1957 that FDP won a constituency seat (Halle).

Campaign
This was the first election conducted after German reunification which took place on 3 October. Previously, the Volkskammer had selected 144 of its members which were then co-opted as Members of the German Bundestag and served until the end of the 11th Bundestag.

Almost 150 seats had been added to represent the re-established eastern states of Germany, without reducing the number of western members. The euphoria following the reunification gave the ruling CDU/CSU–FDP coalition a dramatic advantage in both Western and Eastern Germany throughout the campaign.

It was the one election for which the 5% threshold was applied not nationwide but separately for the former East Germany (including East Berlin) and former West Germany (including West Berlin). As a result, while the Western Greens did not gain representation, their ideologically-similar Eastern Alliance 90 did, with both merging to form Alliance 90/The Greens in 1993. The combined vote of the two lists totals over 5%, but as the two lists would not merge until 1993, it thus did not entitle the East German party to any elected members from the former West Germany, unlike the PDS, who managed to elect Ulla Jelpke in North Rhine-Westphalia.

The German Social Union (DSU) under leader Hansjoachim Walther, a right-wing party modeled after the Bavarian CSU running only in former East Germany, failed to achieve the separate 5% threshold, only receiving around 1% of the vote in the eastern states, mostly in the southeast. As part of the co-option, the DSU had previously had eight Members of the Bundestag, who sat as guests in the CDU/CSU caucus. The CSU, which had heavily supported the DSU financially, severed its ties in 1993 and the party fell into irrelevancy. After a law allowing a linkage of the lists of the CSU and DSU was overturned by the Federal Constitutional Court, the CSU tried to convince the CDU to stand down in several single-member constituencies to enable the DSU to enter the Bundestag separate from the 5% threshold, but Kohl adamantly refused.

Results
All change figures are relative to the pre-existing West German Bundestag.

Results by state
Second vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list)

Post-election
The governing CDU/CSU-FDP coalition was returned to office with a landslide majority, and Helmut Kohl remained chancellor. The CDU did exceptionally well in the former East Germany, which had been the heartland of the SPD before the Nazi era.

title: 1990 German federal election


text:
User:Korath/Copyrights

I agree to multi-license all my contributions as described below:

title: User:Korath/Copyrights


text:
Al Palladini

Al Palladini (December 24, 1943 – March 7, 2001) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 2001, and was a cabinet minister in the government of Mike Harris.

Background
Palladini was born in Prossedi, Italy. He was the owner of Al Palladini's Pine Tree Lincoln Mercury automobile dealership in Woodbridge, Ontario becoming locally famous for the slogan, "Any Palladini is a pal of mine" in a series of ads conceived by CHUM Radio's Larry MacInnis, and voiced by a young Rick Moranis when he was an announcer at CHUM FM radio in Toronto. He was named Canadian World Auto Marketer of the Year in 1994, and was the Vaughan Outstanding Business Achievement Award the same year. Palladini also served as Chair of the York-Finch General Hospital Foundation, and was a Director of the York University Scholarship Alliance Board.

Politics
He was elected in the riding of York Centre in the provincial election of 1995, defeating Liberal Mario Ferri by more than 8,000 votes (the riding had previously been held by high-profile Liberal Greg Sorbara). On June 26, 1995, he was named Minister of Transportation. Following a cabinet shuffle on October 10, 1997, he was named Minister of Economic Development, Trade and Tourism.

Palladini was re-elected in the provincial election of 1999, defeating Liberal Tony Genco by about 7,500 votes in the redistributed riding of Vaughan—King—Aurora. After the election, his portfolio was renamed "Economic Development and Trade".

In office, Palladini presented himself as a populist while presenting legislation which reduced government services. He was often accused of anti-intellectualism. When he cut back on snowplowing budgets for provincial highways, he suggested that stranded drivers could simply use their cell phones to call for help.

Resignation and death
Palladini resigned from cabinet on February 7, 2001, citing personal difficulties. One month later, he unexpectedly died of a heart attack on a golf course while vacationing in Mexico.

Legacy
His son Franco and family continued to operate his car dealership for several years until bankruptcy in 2009. There is a community centre named Al Palladini Community Centre in Woodbridge, in his honour.

Ontario's Minister of Education, Stephen Lecce, gives Al Palladini credit for launching his political career through his effort on his 1999 re-election campaign.

title: Al Palladini


text:
File:The White Stripes - White Blood Cells.jpg

Summary
Cover for album White Blood Cells by The White Stripes.

Source
amazon.com

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


text:
User:Nasrallah

I am Nasrallah

title: User:Nasrallah