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List of cultural references in The Cantos

This is a list of persons, places, events, etc. that feature in Ezra Pound's The Cantos, a long, incomplete poem in 120 sections, each of which is a canto. It is a book-length work, widely considered to present formidable difficulties to the reader. Strong claims have been made for it as one of the most significant works of modernist poetry of the twentieth century. As in Pound's prose writing, the themes of economics, governance and culture are integral to its content.

The most striking feature of the text, to a casual browser, is the inclusion of Chinese characters as well as quotations in European languages other than English. Recourse to scholarly commentaries is almost inevitable for a close reader. The range of allusion to historical events and other works of literature is very broad, and abrupt changes occur with the minimum of stage directions.

This list serves as a collection of links to information on a wide range of these references with clear indications of the cantos in which they appear. It also gives relevant citations to Pound's other writings, especially his prose, and translations of non-English words and phrases where appropriate. Where authors are quoted or referred to, but not named, the reference is listed under their names and the quoted words or phrases are given after the relevant canto number. Individual canto numbers are given in bold for ease of reference.

A

 * Acoetes – Acoetes is the narrator of the tale from Ovid's Metamorphoses retold in Canto II. Acoetes is the pilot of the pirate ship that kidnaps a youngster who turns out to be the god Dionysus and who transforms the ship into a rock and the sailors into fish. Acoetes warns his fellows about the wrong they are doing, but they don't heed him, being "mad for a little slave money".
 * Abd al Melik (Abd-el-Melik, Habdimelich) – The first Caliph to strike Islamic coinage – Canto XCVII
 * John Adams – Second President of the United States; "the man who at certain points/made us/at certain points/saved us" (Canto LXII), and one of Pound's great political heroes. – Cantos XXXI – XXXIV, L – "the revolution was in the minds of the people" , LXII – LXXI
 * Novanglus – Pen-name Adams used for essays written in 1775 to argue against the British Parliament's right to tax or legislate for the American colonies. Canto LXII
 * John Quincy Adams – Son of John Adams – Canto XLVIII
 * Charles Francis Adams – Son of John Quincy Adams – Canto XLVIII
 * Samuel Adams – Cousin of John Adams – Adams Cantos
 * Adonis – Canto XVIIL
 * Aegisthus – Canto XC
 * Aeschylus – Cantos II, VII: Puns on the name of Helen of Troy as "destroyer of men" ("Eliandros") and "destroyer of cities" ("Elanpolis") from his play Agamemnon used by Pound. In his 1920 essay Translators of Greek: Early Translators of Homer, Pound criticises Robert Browning's translation of the passage containing these puns. – Canto LXXXII: Swinburn on.
 * Louis Agassiz – Naturalist. He is cited approvingly in Pound's ABC of Reading (1934) for his insistence that students should actually look closely at specimens before writing about them as exemplifying "the proper METHOD for studying...that is, careful first-hand examination of the matter, and continual COMPARISON". – Cantos LXXXIX, XCIII, C, CXIII
 * Olivia Rossetti Agresti – Cantos LXXVI, LXXVIII
 * Rodolphus Agricola – Canto LXXXIX: quoted on the roles of writing: "ut doceat, ut moveat, ut delectet" ("to teach, to move, to delight").
 * Leon Battista Alberti – Architect and Renaissance theorist – Canto IX
 * Albigensian Crusade – Canto XXXIII
 * Alcmene – Mother of Hercules – Canto XC
 * Alexander the Great – Cantos LXXXV, LXXVI, CXIV: Enlightened rule exemplified by the fact that he paid his soldiers' debts.
 * Algazel – Canto XCIII
 * St. Ambrose – Canto LXXXVIII: Against monopolists, Canto C
 * Amphion – Canto LXXXIII: Mythical founder of music. – Canto XC
 * Anacreon – Canto LXXXIII: Fragment 7 quoted in German translation ("The women say to me 'you are old'")
 * John Penrose Angold – Poet and friend of Pound who died in World War II – Canto LXXXIV
 * Annals of Spring and Autumn – Cantos LXXVIII, LXXXII ("there are no righteous wars" quoting Mencius)
 * Gabriele d'Annunzio – Italian poet – Canto XCIII
 * Meyer Anselm – Banker – Canto LXXIV
 * St. Anselm of Canterbury – 11th century philosopher and inventor of the ontological argument for the existence of God who wrote poems in rhymed prose. Appealed to Pound because of his emphasis on the role of reason in religion and his envisioning of the divine essence as light. In a 1962 interview, Pound points to Anselm's clash with William Rufus over his investiture as part of the history of the struggle for individual rights. Pound also claims that Anselm's writings influenced Cavalcanti and Villon. – Cantos CI, CV
 * Anti-Semitism – Cantos XXXV, XLVIII, L, LII, LXII, LXIII, LXXIV, XCI
 * Emperor Antoninus Pius – Canto LXXXVII: Law of the sea (Lex Rhodia), Canto LXXXVIII: Lending money at 4%, Cantos XCVII, XCVIII
 * Anubis – Egyptian god of the dead – Canto XCII
 * Aphrodite (also called Cythera, Kuthera Kupris and Venus) – Cantos I, LXXIV, LXXVI, LXXVII, LXXIX, LXXX, LXXXI, XC, XCI.
 * Terracina – Seaside town between Rome and Naples which was formerly the location of a temple to Venus (or possibly Jupiter). In his 1930 essay Credo, Pound wrote "Given the material means I would replace the statue of Venus on the cliffs of Terracina." – Cantos XXXIX, LXXIV, XCI.
 * Apollonius of Tyana – Philosopher and 'lost' alternative to Christianity. Pound was particularly taken with this dictum that the universe is alive. – Cantos XCI, XCII, XCVII
 * Thomas Aquinas: Canto C
 * Aristotle – Canto XCIV
 * Artemis – Canto CX
 * Athelstan – Early English king who helped introduce guilds in that country. – Canto XCVII
 * Saint Augustine – Canto XCIV
 * Avicenna – Canto XCII

B

 * F.W. Baller – Translator of the Sacred Edict – Canto XCVIII
 * Edward Bancroft – Double agent in the service of the British – Canto LXV
 * Bank of England – Canto XVIL
 * John Hollis Bankhead II – U.S. Senator who met Pound in 1939 – Canto LXXXIV
 * Josef Bard – Hungarian-born writer and friend of Pound – Canto LXXXI
 * Béla Bartók – Pound admired his music and compared Bartók's Fifth Quartet with The Cantos as showing "the defects inherent in a record of struggle." – Canto LXXXIV
 * Charles A. Beard Historian of Revolutionary America – Canto LXXXIV
 * Aubrey Beardsley – In his 1913 essay The Serious Artist, Pound discusses two types of art; The "cult of beauty" and the "cult of ugliness". He compares the former with medical cure and the latter with medical diagnosis, and goes on to write "Villon, Baudelaire, Corbiere, Beardsley are diagnosis." – "beauty is difficult": Cantos LXXIV, LXXX
 * Mabel Beardsley – Sister of Aubrey Beardsley and renowned beauty. – Canto LXXXII
 * Cesare Beccaria – Italian author of On Crimes and Punishments, which had a great influence on the American Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the U.S. judicial system. – Canto LXIV
 * Jonathan Belcher – colonial governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire from 1730–1741, governor of New Jersey from 1746 to 1757 – Canto LXIV
 * Belgium – Canto LXXXVI: In the context of the Congress of Vienna
 * Belisarius – Byzantine general – Canto C
 * Gertrude Bell – Explorer – Canto LII
 * Giovanni Bellini – Canto XVL.
 * Julien Benda – Author of La trahison des clercs, the English translation of which was by Pound's friend Richard Aldington. – Canto XCI
 * Thomas Lovell Beddoes – Cantos LXXX, XCV
 * Thomas Hart Benton – U.S. senator from Missouri who opposed the establishment of the Bank of the United States. His Thirty Years View is a key source for the Rock Drill section of The Cantos. – Cantos LXXXV – XCV
 * Blessed Berchtold – Canto LXXXVII
 * Albert Jeremiah Beveridge – Canto LXXXI
 * Nicholas Biddle – Canto XXXVII
 * Laurence Binyon – Poet and friend of Pound in his early London days. Pound advised him with his translation of the Divine Comedy and published a review of the first part in 1934 under the title Hell. – Cantos LXXX, LXXXIII
 * Otto von Bismarck – Cantos LXXXVI, C
 * Wilfred Scawen Blunt – Cantos LXXXI, LXXXII
 * Book of the Prefect (or Eparch) – Canto XCVI
 * William Edgar Borah – U.S. Senator who met Pound in 1939 – Cantos LXXXIV, LXXXVI
 * Bertran de Born – Troubadour: his lament Si tuit li dolh ehl planh el marrimen was translated by Pound as Planh for the Young English King and is quoted in Cantos LXXX, LXXXIV
 * Boston Massacre – Canto LXIV
 * Sandro Botticelli – Canto XVL: His painting La Calunnia mentioned. Cantos XX, LXXX: mentioned as "Sandro".
 * James Bowdoin – American patriot, scientist and poet – Canto LXII
 * Claude Gernade Bowers – Canto LXXXI
 * Brendan Bracken – Canto LXXVI
 * Joshua Brackett – Doctor and patriot who served as a judge in the New Hampshire maritime court during the revolution – Canto LXIV
 * Constantin Brâncuși – Canto LXXXV: Mental state of the artist at work – Cantos LXXXVI, XCVII: "I can start something any day, but finish..."
 * William Brattle – Information he provided to the British led to the Boston Massacre – Canto LXVI
 * Henry Bracton – 13th-century British lawyer who wrote on constitutional law, stressing that the king is subject to law. His thinking influenced the American Founding Fathers. – Canto LXVII
 * Eva Braun – Canto CX: associated with "beer-halls".
 * Robert Browning – Cantos II, LXXX
 * Henri Gaudier-Brzeska – Cantos LXXVIII, LXXX
 * Basil Bunting – Cantos LXXIV, LXXVII, LXXXI
 * Martin van Buren – U.S. politician whose Autobiography was an important source for Pound's cantos on the Bank wars. – Cantos XXXVII, LXXVIII, C
 * Aaron Burr – Vice-President under Jefferson, Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel. – Canto LXVI
 * Mather Byles – Clergyman who lost his parish in Boston and was almost repatriated to Britain because of his loyalty to the Crown. – Canto LXIV
 * Byzantine Empire (Byzantium) – Canto XCV

C

 * Guillaume de Cabestang – Troubadour poet. According to legend, his heart was fed to his married lover by her husband. She then threw herself from a cliff to her death. – Canto IV
 * Cadmus – Grandfather of Pentheus and Dionysus; founder of Thebes – Canto II
 * League of Cambrai – Canto LI
 * Piere Cardinal – Troubadour poet – Canto XCVII
 * Carolingian Empire – Canto XCVI
 * Kit Carson – Served as Fremont's guide. – Canto LXXXIX
 * Castalia – A spring sacred to the Muses. – Cantos XC, XCIII
 * Cathar heresy, also known as Albigensians – passim
 * John Catron – Jacksonian judge and chief justice from 1830 till 1836. – Canto LXXXIX
 * Catullus – Cantos IV and V: Arunculeia is the name of the bride in the Epithalamion Carmen 61 – Canto V: "vesper adest" is from another epithalamion Carmen 62 – Canto XX: "quasi tinnula" ("as if ringing") echoes "voce carmina tinnula" ("singing in a ringing voice") from Carmen 61 – Canto XXVIII "voce tinnula" echoes Carmen 61 again.
 * Guido Cavalcanti – 13th-century Italian poet and friend of Dante, who condemned his father to hell in the Divine Comedy. In his 1928 essay, How to Read, Pound lists Cavalcanti among the inventors, or poets who were responsible for introducing something to the art that had never been done before. In an essay published in 1934 and written between 1911 and 1931, Pound wrote "Guido is called a 'natural philosopher', I think an 'atheist', and certainly an 'Epicurean', not that anyone had then any clear idea or has now any very definite notion of what Epicurus taught. But a natural philosopher was a much less safe person than a 'moral philosopher'. It is not so much what Guido says in [Donna mi pregha], as the familiarity that he shows with dangerous thinking; natural demonstration and the proof by experience or (?) experiment... we may perhaps consider Guido as one of that 'tenuous line who from Albertus Magnus to the renaissance' meant the freedom of thought, the contempt, or at least a moderated respect, for stupid authority." – Cantos IV and XX: an allusion to and a quotations from the poem Una figura della Donna mia, which refers daringly to the resemblance between Cavalcanti's beloved and the image of the Madonna in a Florentine church. – Canto XXXVI: a translation of Donna mi prega. – Canto LXXIII: a lengthy speech (in Italian) by Guido's ghost. – Canto XCI: "I send to Pinella ... a river", from the poem Ciascuna fresca e dolce fontanella.
 * Cavour – Prime mover in the 19th century unification of Italy – Canto LXI
 * Ceres – Canto LXXXI
 * Charlemagne – Carolingian ruler – Canto XCVI
 * Charles the Bald (Charles le Chauve) – Canto LXXXIII
 * History of China – Cantos LII – LXI
 * Winston Churchill – Cantos LXXII, LXXIII, LXXIV, LXXXVII
 * Circe – Cantos I, XVIIL: on her island – Canto XXXIX Greek quotations describe her
 * 'Chou King' – See next entry
 * Classic of History – Section: Rock Drill where Pound calls it the Chou King
 * Henry Clay – 19th century U.S. politician – Canto LXXXVIII
 * Augustin Smith Clayton – 19th century U.S. politician – Canto LXXXVIII
 * Cleopatra wrote on currency – Cantos LXXXV, LXXXVI
 * Jean Cocteau – Cantos LXXVII, LXXX
 * Sir Edward Coke – Late 16th to early 17th-century British jurist whose writings on the English common law were the definitive legal texts for some 300 years. – Cantos LXIII, LXIV, LXVI, XCIV, and CVII – CIX
 * Horace Cole – Cantos LXXX, LXXXI
 * Padraic Colum – Canto LXXX: His "O woman shapely as a swan" (from a poem called Drover) quoted. Pound praised this poem in his 1918 essay A Retrospect.
 * Confucius – Also called Kung, Kung-fu-tseu and Chung at various points in the poem. Pound saw himself as a committed follower of the Chinese philosopher and translated the Analects, the Book of Odes, the Great Digest and the Unwobbling Pivot. Under the various version of his name, Confucius appears in The Cantos at least 76 times. The first and most comprehensive of these appearances is in Canto XIII – Also in Canto LI: Ideogram at end is Confucian "rectification of names", Canto LII: Li Ki, Canto LIII: Cut 3,000 odes to 300.
 * The four Tuan, or foundations (benevolence, rectitude, manners and knowledge) – Cantos LXXXV, LXXXIX
 * Congress of Vienna – Canto LXXXVI: Example of politicians working to avoid war
 * Séraphin Couvreur (January 14, 1856 – ?) – French Jesuit missionary to China. His edition of the Chou King, with French and Latin translations, was used by Pound in the Rock Drill section (Cantos LXXXV – XCV).
 * Credit – passim
 * Cumaean Sibyl – Cantos LXIV, XC
 * Cunizza da Romano (1198–1279) – Mistress of poet Sordello, sister of Ezzelino III da Romano. She is one of the most important heroines of The Cantos, a type of the poet's sexual and spiritual muse. She "freed her slaves" (Canto VI) in her will, a document which she dictated in Florence "in the house of the Cavalcanti / anno 1265" (Canto XXIX). Pound imagined that Guido Cavalcanti knew of this and mentioned it to his friend Dante who therefore pardoned her profligacy and placed her in the Heaven of Venus (Paradiso IX): "The light of this star o’ercame me" (Canto XXIX). This passage is cited in Italian in Canto XCII: "fui chiamat’ / e qui refulgo". Canto XC associates her with John Randolph of Roanoke ("liberavit masnatos").
 * Thomas Cushing – American politician who opposed independence – Canto LXII

D

 * Dafne – A nymph who was turned into a shrub to escape the lustful pursuit of Apollo. Also, Dafne was an attempt to revive Greek theater that resulted in the creation of opera – Canto II
 * Arnaut Daniel – Troubadour poet. Pound translated most of his surviving work and agreed with Dante's high estimation of him. In his 1910 book The Spirit of Romance, Pound wrote "The Twelfth Century, or, more exactly, that century whose center is the year 1200, has left us two perfect gifts: the church of San Zeno in Verona, and the canzoni of Arnaut Daniel" In his 1928 essay, How to Read, Pound lists Arnaut among the "inventors", or poets who were responsible for introducing something to the art that had never been done before. – Canto VII: the line "e qu'el remir [contra'l lum de la lampa]" ("and look at her [against the light of the lamp])" from the poem Douz braitz e critz quoted. Canto XX: "noigandres" ("banishes ennui") – Canto XCI: The line "pensar de lieis m'es repaus" ("it rests me to think of her") from En breu brizara'l temps braus quoted. In the 1911/12 series of essays I gather the limbs of Osiris, Pound writes of this line: "You cannot get statement simpler than that, or clearer, or les rhetorical". – Cantos XXIX, XCVII
 * Dante Alighieri Italian poet whose Divine Comedy, a long allegorical poem in three parts (Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso) and 100 cantos describing the poet's journey through hell, purgatory and paradise was a major model for Pound's long poem. In his 1928 essay, How to Read, Pound lists Dante among the inventors, or poets who were responsible for introducing something to the art that had never been done before. Cantos LXXXV – Canto XCIII: Discussed distributive justice.
 * The Divine Comedy
 * Inferno: Canto CX (Lines on the doomed lovers Paolo and Francesca quoted) – Canto CXI (Inferno XVII source for Geryon. In the essay Hell, his 1934 review of Laurence Binyon's translation of the Inferno, Pound wrote "Deep hell is reached via Geryon [fraud] of the marvelous patterned hide, and for ten cantos thereafter the damned are all of them tamned for money.")
 * Purgatorio: Canto VII: (Description of Sordello from Purgatorio VI applied to Henry James) – Canto LXXXIV (Purgatorio XXVI lines on Arnaut Daniel misquoted) – Canto XCIII (Purgatorio XXVIII quoted extensively at end) – Canto XCVII (Purgatorio XXVI on Arnaut Daniel)
 * Paradiso: Cantos VII, XCIII, CIX: (Paradiso II on Dante's "dinghy") – Canto XXXIX (Paradiso XIX quoted "che sovra Senna induce, falseggiando la moneta" ("is bringing upon the Seine by falsifying the coin") – Canto XCVIII: divine light – Canto XCIII (Paradiso: Canto VIII quoted "non fosse cive" ("if he were not a citizen") – Canto C on "letizia" ("gladness")
 * La Vita Nuova: Canto LXXVII "[Ego tamquam] centrum circuli" ("[I am] the centre of a circle") quoted. The entire passage is quoted in the 1911/12 series of essays I gather the limbs of Osiris.
 * Il Convito – Canto XCI: "che il terzo ciel movete" ("who moves the third heaven") quoted – Canto XXV "compagnevole animale" (man is a "companionable animal") quoted
 * Other works – Canto CXVI (Canzone Al poco giorno e al gran cerchio d'ombra quoted)
 * Georgius Dartona Renaissance humanist. Pound used his versions of the Homeric Hymns as a source. – Cantos I, LXXIX
 * Silas Deane – U.S. agent in France – Canto LXV
 * Declaration of Independence (United States) – Canto LXV
 * Alexander del Mar – Economic historian whose  History of Monetary Systems was a major source for Pound's later writings. Del Mar was Jewish and opposed economic anti-Semitism strongly in his writings. – Cantos LXXXIX, XCVI, XCVIII, XCIV
 * Edgar Degas – Cantos LXXIV, LXXX, CIV
 * Demeter – Canto XCVIII
 * Diana – Latin goddess of hunting, equivalent of Greek Artemis. – Canto XCI: Layamon's hymn to Diana is quoted.
 * Dionysus (also called Iacchos and Zagreus) – Cantos II, XVII, LXXVII, LXXIX, CV
 * Dirce – Canto LXXXII
 * Disraeli – Canto LXXXIX: The right of search and the Anglo-American War of 1812 to 1814
 * Andreas Divus – Renaissance scholar whose Latin translation of Book XI of Homer's Odyssey forms the basis of Canto I. A section of Pound's 1920 essay Translators of Greek: Early Translators of Homer is devoted to Divus and contains the relevant Latin text. – Canto I
 * Arnold Dolmetsch – Canto LXXXI
 * Charles Doughty – Canto LXXXIII
 * C. H. Douglas – Cantos XXII, XCVII, C
 * Gavin Douglas – 16th century Scottish poet and translator of Virgil's Aeneid. In his essay Notes on Elizabethan Classicists (1917), Pound calls him a great poet and quotes the passage referred to in The Cantos. – Canto LXXVIII: "the city quarhr of nobil fame" is a misremembered quotation from the opening lines of the Aeneid, where it refers to Rome.
 * John Dowland – Canto LXXXI
 * Dryad (Dryas) – Cantos III, LXXXIII: a nymph associated with trees. Ezra and Dorothy Pound referred to H.D. as "Dryas" in their letters.

E

 * Peggy Eaton – Wife of Andrew Jackson's Secretary of War John Eaton. A scandal surrounding her past led to Martin Van Buren becoming Jackson's Vice-President. – Canto XXXVII
 * Ecbatana – Cantos IV, LXXIV
 * Eleanor of Aquitaine – Cantos II, VII
 * Electra – Canto XC
 * Eleusinian Mysteries – passim
 * T. S. Eliot (Possum, the Rev. Eliot) – Canto VIII: reference to The Waste Land, Canto XXIX: Views on religion contrasted with Pound's, Cantos LXXIV, LXXX, XCVIII
 * Queen Elizabeth I Translated Ovid – Canto LXXXV
 * Oliver Ellsworth – Judge who served on mission to France under Adams – Adams Cantos
 * John Endicott – colonial governor of Massachusetts in 1644, 1649, and from 1650 till 1665, with the exception of 1654 – Canto LXIV
 * Joseph Ennemoser (Ennemosor (sic)) Historian of magic – Canto LXXXIII
 * Epictetus – Canto LXXI: Hymn to Cleanthes is the source of the Greek text quoted at the end of the canto.
 * Johannes Scotus Eriugena (Erigena in Pound's spelling) Pound valued him for his neoplatonic view that all things that are light, his persecution as a heretic long after his death, and the Greek tags in his "excellent" verses – Cantos XXXVI, LXXIV, LXXXIII, LXXXV, LXXXVII, LXXXVIII, XC, XCII
 * Nicolo/Borso/Etc. d'Este – Cantos XX, XXIV, LXXXII
 * Ezzelino III da Romano – 13th-century Ghibelline lord of northeast Italy, said to be a bloodthirsty tyrant by his enemies, viewed more favorably by later historians. He was the brother of Cunizza da Romano, and appears in Canto LXXII as a furious ghost (and a persona of the irascible Pound): "A single falsehood does more damage in this damned world than all my outbursts".

F

 * Fascism – Although Pound never joined the Fascist Party, he clearly admired Mussolini's brand of the ideology. The word itself does not appear in The Cantos, but the political philosophy it stands for can be readily detected in the poem, especially in the sections written during the 1930s.
 * Faunus – God of fields and forests – Canto XC
 * Desmond FitzGerald – Irish-born Imagist poet who fought in the Easter Rising of 1916 and later served in the government of the Irish Free State – Cantos XCII, XCV
 * Flamen Dialis – Roman priest of Jupiter – Canto XCVI
 * Gustave Flaubert – Canto LXXXII
 * Folquet de Marseille – Troubadour turned bishop who was involved in the suppression of the Cathars – Canto XCII
 * Ford Madox Ford – Canto LXXXII – Cantos XCVIII, C: buy a dictionary and learn the meanings of words
 * Piero della Francesca – Canto VIII: the master painter
 * Fortuna – Canto XCVII
 * Benjamin Franklin Cantos LXII – LXXI In Canto LXIII, the Latin sentence "Eripuit caelo fulmen, mox sceptra tyrannis." (" He snatched the thunderbolt from heaven, the sceptre from tyrants.") is the inscription on Jean-Antoine Houdon's bust of Franklin.
 * John Charles Fremont – Explorer and Union general during American Civil War. – Canto LXXXIX
 * Sigmund Freud – Canto XCI
 * Leo Frobenius – Cantos XXXVIII, LXXIV, LXXXIX
 * Buckminster Fuller (Buckie) – Canto XCVII

G

 * Galileo Galilei – Canto LXXXV
 * Giovanni Gentile – Canto LXXXIX
 * Jean François Gerbillon (1654 – 1707 – French Jesuit missionary to China who provided scientific advice to the emperor and wrote topographic accounts of the country. – Canto LIX.
 * Geryone – Canto LI
 * Silvio Gesell – Cantos LXXIV, LXXX
 * Moses Gill – Served as Acting Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1799–1800 – Canto LXV
 * Gold standard
 * Goddeschalk – Canto XCIII
 * Arthur Golding – Canto II: The phrase "Schoeney's daughters" is lifted from a passage in Golding's translation of the Metamorphoses which is quoted in Pound's 1917 essay Notes on Elizabethan Classicists.
 * Rémy de Gourmont – French Symbolist. Pound translated his  The Natural Philosophy of Love and published an essay on him in 1920. – Canto LXXXVII
 * Jeremiah Gridley – Boston-born lawyer who was involved in the Writs of Assistance case and later espoused the patriot cause in the War of Independence. – Canto LXIV
 * Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618–1663) – Italian scientist and Jesuit best known for his work in the fields of astronomy and the physics of light. – Canto LX
 * Robert Grosseteste – 13th century philosopher who argued that light is the first corporeal form from which all other forms are derived and that God is pure Light (in a different, non-corporeal sense). Latin tags from his De luce (On light) and De Iride (On rainbows) that appear in The Cantos appear in more extensive quotations in Pound's 1934 essay Cavalcanti – Canto LXXXIII "plura diafana" ("many transparencies") from De Iride, Canto CX "Lux enim" ("Light of its nature [pours itself into every part]") from De luce.
 * Guild – Cantos XCVI, XCVII

H

 * Alexander Hamilton – For Pound, the great villain of U.S. history. – Cantos XXXVII, LXXII, LXIX
 * James Hamilton Jr. – 19th century U.S. politician – Canto LXXXVIII
 * Hanno the Navigator – Canto XL
 * John Hancock – American patriot who signed the Declaration of Independence and was involved in the aftermath of the Boston Massacre – Canto LXIV
 * Hathor Egyptian sky goddess in the form of a cow. Identified with Aphrodite by the Greeks. – Canto XXXIX
 * Hebe – Goddess of youth identified by her attribute "kalliastragallos" ("with fine ankles") – Cantos CIX, CX
 * Helen of Troy – Cantos VII, XCVIII
 * Philippe Henriot – Cantos LXXXIV, LXXXIX
 * Patrick Henry – U.S. statesman who is famous for his "Give me liberty or give me death" speech. – Canto LXV
 * Heraclitus (panta rei [everything flows] quoted) – Canto LXXXIII
 * Christian Wolfgang Herdtrich (1625–1684) – Austrian Jesuit missionary to China who served as a mathematician at the imperial court and was amongst the earliest European translators of Confucius. – Canto LX
 * Hesperus – The Evening Star – Canto II
 * Eva Hesse – German translator of Pound's work. – Canto CII
 * Maurice Hewlett – Poet and friend of Pound's in his early days in London. – Canto XCII
 * John Heydon – 17th century mystic, self-styled secretary of nature, and author of the Holy Guide (1662), which Pound read in Stone Cottage with Yeats and then borrowed from Yeats' widow when writing the Rock Drill cantos. His idea of signatures in nature that mean that, for example, every oak leaf is recognisably an oak leaf and not a holly leaf, is important in the Cantos. He also wrote on form and, in  Gaudier-Brzeska: A Memoir, Pound wrote: "A clavicord or a statue or a poem, wrought out of ages of knowledge, out of fine perception and skill, that some other man, that a hundred other men, in moments of weariness can wake beautiful sound with little effort, that they can be carried out of the realm of annoyance into the realm of truth, into the world unchanging, the world of fine animal life, the world of pure form. And John Heydon, long before our present day theorists, had written of the joys of pure form . . . inorganic, geometrical form, in his Holy Guide". – Cantos XCI. XCII
 * James Hillhouse – Clergyman and judge who served as a major in the American Revolution – Canto LXVIII
 * Leo VI the Wise – Byzantine emperor – Canto XCVI
 * Leopold von Hoesch – German Ambassador to London during the rise of Hitler – Canto LXXXVI
 * Homer – In his 1928 essay, How to Read, Pound lists Homer among the "inventors", or poets who were responsible for introducing something to the art that had never been done before. – passim
 * Odyssey – Canto I: Translation of trip to Hades – Canto XX: Quoted "Ligur' aoide" ("sweet song") on the sirens, "neson amumona" ("blameless island") on Thrinacia. – Canto LXXXIX: Quoted "δ'ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν" ("he knew many men" [of Odysseus]) – Cantos XCI, XCIII, XCV, XCVI, XCVIII: Quoted and/or referred to regarding Leucothoe rescuing Odysseus by giving him her veil/kredemnon ("my bikini is worth your raft") – Canto XCVIII: Quoted on Nestor
 * Iliad – Cantos II, VII: Translation of part of Book III in which the old men of Troy discuss Helen. In his 1920 essay Translators of Greek: Early Translators of Homer, Pound criticises the translations of Alexander Pope and George Chapman for failing to capture the quality of "actually speaking" in their versions of this passage.
 * William Hooper (of North Carolina) – American patriot who signed the Declaration of Independence – Canto LXV
 * Alexander von Humboldt – Naturalist and friend of Louis Agassiz – Cantos LXXXIX, XCVII
 * Samuel Huntingdon – American patriot who signed the Declaration of Independence – Canto LXIX
 * Robert Maynard Hutchins – Canto XCI
 * Thomas Hutchinson – Canto LXIV
 * Hyksos – Canto XCIII

I

 * Ileuthyeria – Ancient Greek concept and personification of liberty – Canto II
 * Samuel Delucenna Ingham – 19th century U.S. politician – Canto LXXXVIII
 * Iong Cheng (Yong Tching) – Son of K'ang Hsi who wrote a commentary on the Sacred Edict – Cantos LXI, XCIX
 * Itys – Canto IV

J

 * Andrew Jackson – President of the U.S. who opposed establishment of the Bank of the United States. – Cantos LXXXVIII, LXXXIX, C
 * Henry James – In his 1918 essay Henry James (written as the introduction to a James special issue of the Little Review that Pound edited to mark the novelist's death), Pound describes James as a "hater of tyranny…against oppression, against all the sordid petty personal crushing oppression, the domination of modern life". – Canto VII: James' conversation remembered in terms reminiscent of the 1918 essay. The phrase "gli occhi onesti e tarde" ("with dignified and slow eyes") echoes Dante's description of Sordello in Purgatorio VI and is used in the canto, the essay, and Pound's 1918 short poem Moeurs Contemporaines. – Cantos LXXIV, LXXIX
 * John Jay – one of the ministers involved in treaty negotiations with Britain and France. – Canto LXV
 * Thomas Jefferson – Cantos XXXI – XXXIV and LXII – LXXI
 * John Jenkins – Canto LXXXI
 * Ben Jonson – 17th-century English poet. – The line "Or Swansdown ever" from his Have you seen but a whyte Lilie grow is also quoted in his 1918 essay The Hard and Soft in French Poetry – Canto LXXIV.
 * James Joyce – Canto LXXIV, LXXVII
 * Julia Domna – Wife of Septimius Severus – Canto XCIV
 * Justinian code – Canto LXXXVII: Viewed as imperfect – Cantos C, CXVI

K

 * Kublai Khan – In his 1920 essay Kublai Khan and his Currency, Pound expresses his views on paper money as a means of controlling credit to the detriment of the public and quotes the passages from The Travels of Marco Polo that he uses in The Cantos – Canto XVIII
 * King Kati – Canto XCIII
 * Sir William Keith – Lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania and Delaware – Canto LXXI
 * William Rufus de Vane King – Jacksonian senator and Minister to France 1844–1846 – Canto LXXXIX
 * Rudyard Kipling – Canto LXXXII
 * Kuanon (Kuan Yin) – Japanese goddess of mercy – Cantos LXXIV, XC, CX

L

 * Jules Laforgue – French poet – Canto XCVI
 * Marie Laurencin – Canto LXXX
 * Henry Laurens – First president of the Congress of Carolina who was captured by the British while sailing to Holland in 1780 to negotiate a loan, he was held prisoner in the Tower of London for 14 months. – Canto LXVIII
 * John Law – Scottish economist and sometime Comptroller of the Finances of France. Like Pound, he believed that money was only a means of exchange that did not constitute wealth in itself. – Canto CXIV
 * Henry Lawes – Canto LXXXI
 * Layamon – 11th-century English poet. – Canto XCI: His Brut quoted, especially the hymn to the goddess Diana.
 * League of Cambrai – Canto LI
 * Fernand Léger – Canto XVI: On World War I
 * Lenin – Canto C
 * Pietro Leopoldo, Grand Duke of Tuscany and founder of the Monte de Paschi. – Cantos XLIV, L, LII
 * Leucothea – See Homer above
 * Sinclair Lewis – Cantos LXXXIV, CXV
 * Wyndham Lewis – Cantos LXXX, XCVIII, XCVI (admiration for Byzantium)
 * Linnaeus – The "Father of Taxonomy" – Cantos CXIII, CXV, CXVI
 * Lombards – Canto XCVI
 * Ambrogio Lorenzetti – Canto XVL
 * Lyaeus – Epithet for Dionysus, "He who unties" – Canto II
 * Lycurgus – Legendary ruler of Sparta – Cantos LXVIII, LXXXVIII

M

 * Nathaniel Macon – U.S. politician who was unsuccessful candidate for vice president of the United States in 1825. – Canto LXXXIX
 * Joseph-Anna-Marie de Moyriac de Mailla – Jesuit historian whose work served as the basis for the China Cantos LII – LXI
 * Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta – Condottiero and patron of the arts who is the first great culture hero to appear in The Cantos Cantos VIII – XI, Canto XXI
 * Maria Theresia – Archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), her thalers are perhaps the most famous silver coin in the world and were important in trade with the Levant. – Cantos LXXXVI, LXXXIX
 * Jacques Maritain – Cantos LXXVII, LXXX, XCI
 * Charles Martel – Carolingian ruler – Canto XCVI
 * Charles Elkin Mathews – Cantos LXXXII, C
 * John Masefield – Canto LXXXII
 * Thomas McKean – American patriot who signed the Declaration of Independence – Canto LXXI
 * Lorenzo de' Medici – Pound admired his poetry – Canto LXXVIII
 * Medici bank – In his 1934 essay Date Line, Pound wrote: "Wherever you find a Medici, you find a loan at low interest, often at half that of their contemporaries." – Cantos XXI, XLV, XIL, L
 * Mencius – Canto LXXVII: The archer and the bullseye, Cantos LXXVIII, LXXXII: Quoted on the Spring and Autumn – LXXXIII: "the nine fields", equity in government
 * Abbas Mirza – (c. 1783–1833), prince of Persia who was famed for the simplicity of his lifestyle. – Canto LXXXIX
 * Jacques de Molay Last Grand Master of the Templars who was executed for heresy and other charges. – Cantos LXXXVII, XC
 * Money supply – passim
 * Monte dei Paschi di Siena – Not-for-profit Sienese bank funded by natural productivity and much admired by Pound – Cantos XLI, XLII, XLIII.
 * Federico da Montefeltro (Feddy) – Fought for the Papacy against Sigismondo Malatesta and later switched sides when the pope tried to take control of the Malatesta seat at Rimini – Cantos VIII – XI
 * Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester – Canto LXXXIII
 * Montségur – Scene of final stages of the Albigensian Crusade – Cantos XXIII, XLCIII
 * Moon – Either directly or via mythological exemplifications (usually goddesses), the moon represents light in its creative or mystical aspect in The Cantos. – passim
 * Dwight L. Morrow – Sometime U.S. ambassador to Mexico. – Canto LXXXVI
 * Mozart – Cantos XXVI, LXXIX, CXIII, CXV
 * Musonius Rufus – Canto XCIV
 * Benito Mussolini – Italian Fascist dictator admired by Pound. – Cantos XXXIII, XIL (found Pound's XXX Cantos "diverting"),  LXXIV, LXXVIII, Notes for CXVII et seq.

N

 * Napoleon Bonaparte – Cantos XCVII, C, CXI
 * Napoleon III – Canto LXXXV: Example of a bad ruler
 * Neoplatonism
 * Jules Nicole – Translator of the Book of the Prefect (or Eparch)
 * Frederick North, Lord North – British Prime Minister during the American Revolution – Canto LXXII

O

 * Ocellus Lucanus – Canto LXXXVII "all things have neither a beginning nor an end'" – Canto LXXXVII – Cantos XCI, XCIII, XCVIII: "to build light".
 * Odysseus – passim (see Homer)
 * Andrew Oliver – Canto LXIV
 * A. R. Orage – Editor of the New Age and friend of Pound – Cantos XCVIII, CXI
 * James Otis – Cantos LXII – LXXI
 * Ovid – In his 1928 essay, How to Read, Pound lists Ovid among the "inventors", or poets who were responsible for introducing something to the art that had never been done before. – Cantos IV, VII, XVII, XX, LXXXV
 * Sulmona – His birthplace – Canto CXV
 * Metamorphoses – Canto II: Atalanta ("Schoeney's daughter'"), Dionysus and the pirates – Canto XC: Stories of Arethusa and Alpheus, Baucis and Philemon
 * Fasti Cantos XCIII, XCVIII: "Est deus in nobis: agitante calescimus illo" ("There is a God in us, and we glow when he stirs us") quoted partially in each canto. The full quotation is given in Pound's 1956  Quotations from Richard of St Victor where it is set beside Richard's "Ignis quidquid in nobis est" ("There is a certain fire within us").

P

 * Giovanni Pacelli (Pope Pius XII) – Canto LXXIII.
 * Lord Palmerston – Canto LXXXIX: The right of search and the Anglo-American War of 1812 to 1814.
 * Pandects – Canto XCIV
 * William Patterson – 17th century Scottish entrepreneur who first proposed the establishment of the Bank of England – Canto XVIL.
 * Paulus the deacon – Historian of the Lombards was born in 725 – Canto XCVII
 * John Penn – U.S. politician – Canto LXVII
 * Pentheus – Banned the worship of Dionysus in Thebes; grandson of Cadmus; mortal cousin of Dionysus – Canto II
 * Thomas Pereyra (Pereira in Pound's spelling) (1645–1708) – French Jesuit missionary and companion of Jean François Gerbillon. – Canto LIX.
 * Persephone – Cantos LXXXIII, XCIII (via Dante reference at end of canto)
 * Petronius – Canto LXIV: His Satyricon quoted.
 * Philostratus – Canto XCIV: His life of Apollonius extensively quoted, Canto XCVIII: "out of Egypt, medicine" quoted in Greek
 * Francis Picabia – Quoted on the futility of the First World War – Canto XCVII
 * Piero della Francesca – Canto VIII
 * Charles Cotesworth Pinckney – American politician and military leader during the Revolution who supported the union of the states. – Canto LXIII
 * Pindar – Canto IV (opening line), Canto LXXXIII (hudor [water])
 * Thomas Pinckney
 * Pippin III (Pippin/Pepin the Short) – Carolingian ruler – Canto XCVI
 * Luigi Pirandello – Canto XCV
 * Victor Plarr Cantos LXXIV, C
 * George Gemistos Plethon – Cantos VIII, LXXXIII
 * Plotinus – Cantos XV, XCVIII, C
 * Poema de Mio Cid – Medieval Spanish poem discussed by Pound in his 1910 book The Spirit of Romance – Cantos III, XX ("And the King said:/'God what a woman!/My God what a woman'" and surrounding fragments)
 * James K. Polk – Jacksonian president of the U.S. – Cantos LXXXVII, C
 * Dorothy Pound – Pound's wife – One of those who "do not cook" Cantos LIV, LXXXI
 * Propertius – quoted in Canto VII "quoscumque smaragdos, quosve dedit flavo lumine, chrysolithos" ("whatever emeralds, or yellow-glowing topazes"), Canto XX "Possum ego naturae non meminisse tuae" ("your nature cannot be forgotten"); also "Qui son Properzio ed Ovidio" ("It is Propetian and Ovidian")
 * Proteus – A Greek sea-god with the power of prophecy and the ability to change shape – Canto II
 * Provençal literature – passim
 * Michael Psellos – Byzantine Neoplatonist – Cantos XXIII, C
 * Raphael Pumpelly – American explorer who made the first extensive survey of the Gobi desert, as a result of which he developed a theory of secular rock disintegration. He was influenced by Louis Agassiz. – Canto XCIII

R

 * John Randolph of Roanoke – 19th century U.S. politician and leader of opposition to the Bank of the United States – Cantos LXXXVII, LXXXIX, XC
 * Charles, comte de Rémusat – Canto C
 * Renaissance – passim
 * Rhea – Mother of Zeus, who is generally depicted between two lions or on a chariot pulled by lions. Canto XCI
 * Richard of St. Victor – In his 1910 book The Spirit of Romance, Pound wrote "the keenly intellectual mysticism of Richard of St. Victor fascinates me". In 1956, he selected and translated Quotations from Richard of St Victor – Canto LXXXV: On contemplation as active intellect – Canto XC: "ubi amor, ibi oculuc est" ("where love is, there is the eye") and "quam in nobis divinae reperietur imago" ("of which an image of the divine is found in us") (slightly misquoting a passage given in the Quotations) – Cantos XCII, XCIV
 * Joseph F. Rock – American botanist and explorer who described and filmed many Chinese and Tibetan rituals – Canto CX
 * Roman Empire – Canto XCVI
 * Franklin D. Roosevelt – Cantos LXXXV, XCVII
 * Rothschild family – Jewish bankers – Canto LII
 * Walter Rummel – Musician who worked with Pound on recovering settings of Troubadour songs. – Canto LXXX
 * Benjamin Rush – Signatory of the Declaration of Independence – Cantos XCIV, XCVII

S

 * Sacred Edict – Maxims on good government by the Chinese emperor K'ang Hsi – Cantos XCVIII, XCIX – Thrones
 * George Santayana – Canto LXXXI – Canto C: Fellow admirer of Mussolini; Pound also referred to his ontological theory
 * John Singer Sargent – Canto LXXXI
 * Sappho – In his 1928 essay, How to Read, Pound lists Sappho among the "inventors", or poets who were responsible for introducing something to the art that had never been done before – Cantos III – VII, LXXIV, LXXVI, LXXX
 * Hjalmar Schacht – Canto LII
 * Schoeney – Father of Atalanta. The phrase "Schoeney's daughter" is lifted from a passage in Arthur Golding's translation of the Metamorphoses which is quoted in Pound's 1917 essay Notes on Elizabethan Classicists. – Canto II
 * Jacopo Sellaio – Italian artist whose Venus Pound admired. – Cantos LXXX, XCIII
 * Septimius Severus – Canto XCIV
 * William Shakespeare – Discussed distributive justice. – Canto XCIII
 * William Shirley – colonial governor of Massachusetts 1741–1745 and 1754–1759. – Canto LXXVII
 * Sirens – Canto XC
 * John Skelton – Canto C
 * Adam Smith – Economist – Canto XL: on trade organisations as a conspiracy against the public.
 * Hieronymus Soncinus – Renaissance printer based in the town of Fano. He printed the works of Petrarch. – Canto XXX
 * Song of Roland – Canto XX: "tant mare fustes/so unlucky were you" quoted from verse XXVII of the French romance
 * Sordello – Troubadour poet and subject of Robert Browning's long poem of that name. He appears in Dante's Purgatorio. – Canto II – Canto VII: Dante's description of him applied to Henry James – Canto XXXVI
 * Joseph Stalin – Canto LXXXIV
 * Stamp Act 1765 – Canto LXIV
 * Lincoln Steffens – Cantos XVI, LXXXIV
 * Mount Sumeru – Buddhist holy mountain – Canto CX
 * Sun (frequently as Helios) – Either directly or via mythological exemplifications (usually gods), the sun represents light in its active, political, or social aspect in The Cantos. – passim
 * Emanuel Swedenborg – Canto XCIV: "of society"
 * Algernon Charles Swinburne – Canto LXXXII
 * Arthur Symons – Canto LXXX

T

 * Talleyrand – Canto LXXXI: Curbing Bismarck's ambitions at the Congress of Vienna, Canto CXI: and Napoleon
 * Tammuz – Canto XVIIL
 * F. W. Tancred – Canto LXXXII
 * John Taylor ( of Caroline) Served as a colonel under Patrick Henry – Canto LXVII
 * Terracina – Seaside town between Rome and Naples which was formerly the location of a temple to Venus (or possibly Jupiter). In his 1930 essay Credo, Pound wrote "Given the material means I would replace the statue of Venus on the cliffs of Terracina." – Cantos XXXIX, LXXIV, XCI.
 * Thales of Miletus – Pound was interested in his exploitation of a monopoly of the olive presses having predicted a bumper harvest, a story related by Aristotle. – Canto LXXXVIII
 * Theocritus – Canto LXXXI
 * Adolphe Thiers – 19th-century French statesman, journalist, and historian of the French Revolution. – Canto XCIX
 * Tiresias – Cantos I, LXXXIII
 * Titian – Canto XXV
 * Toba Sojo – 11th-century Japanese artist – Canto CX
 * Alexis de Tocqueville – Canto LXXXVIII
 * Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon (1668–1710) – Savoyard who served as Papal legate to India and ended his life as a prisoner in Macau for attempting to abolish the Confucian rites. Canto LX
 * Troubadours – Cantos IV, VI, VII, XX, XXIX
 * Samuel Tucker – Captain of the ship that brought John Adams to France in 1778. – Canto LXV
 * John Tyler – He was the first Vice President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor. Tyler vetoed Henry Clay's bill to establish a National Bank. – Cantos LXXXVII, C
 * Tyro – Mythological figure who had two sons, Neleus and Pelias by Poseidon – Cantos II, XC

U

 * Messier Undertree/Toyotomi Hideyoshi – Cantos LVI, LVIII
 * United States Federalist Party
 * Count Usedom – Canto C
 * Usury – passim, especially Canto XLV (With usura), which is a litany on the evils of usury and its impact on culture and the arts, Canto XLVI: with reference to the Bank of England, Cantos XLVIII, LI
 * Nicolò da Uzzano – Opponent of the Medici – Canto XLI

V

 * Roberto Valturio, d. 1489 – Italian engineer and scholar, author of De Re Militari (1472), active at the court of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta – Cantos IX, XI, XXVI, LIV, LVII
 * Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg U.S. Senator – Canto LXXXIV
 * Benedetto Varchi – Italian poet and historian of Florence – Canto LXXXVII
 * Vegetation cults – Canto XLVII
 * Velázquez – Canto LXXX
 * Venice – Canto XVII (as a stone forest growing out of the water) – Canto XXV (extracts from the Book of the Council Major) – Cantos XXVI, XXXV (trade) – Canto LI (League of Cambrai) – Cantos LXXVI, LXXVIII (Church of San Zeno: see Arnaut Daniel above) – Canto CXVI (Torcello)
 * Bernart de Ventadorn – Troubadour poet. – Canto VI: In connection with Eblis – Cantos XX, XCII: "And if I see her not/no sight is worth the beauty/of my thought." – Canto XCIII: "Tristan l'amador" passage quoted
 * Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes – Cantos LXV, LXVIII
 * Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (1820–1878) – He was the first king of a united Italy, a title he held from 1861 to 1878. Canto LXI
 * François Villon – 15th-century French poet who Pound admired. In his 1928 essay, How to Read, Pound lists Villion among the "inventors", or poets who were responsible for introducing something to the art that had never been done before. – Canto XCVII
 * Leone Vivante (1887–1970) – Jewish-Italian philosopher, who lived in Villa Solaia, Siena; author of Notes on the Originality of Thought (1927); English Poetry and Its Contribution to the Knowledge of a Creative Principle (1950, with a preface by T. S. Eliot) – Canto LII
 * Voltaire – Canto XCIII

W

 * Edward Wadsworth – Vorticist painter – CXI
 * Captain Joseph Wadsworth – Hero of the Charter Oak incident – Canto XCVII
 * Edmund Waller – Canto LXXXI
 * Wanjina – Australian rain god. He made things by naming them, but made too many, thereby creating clutter and his father sewed up his mouth to stop him. As a result, he symbolises one deprived of free speech for Pound. – Canto LXXIV where he is echoed by the Chinese phrase "Ouan Jin", a "man without education".
 * Mercy Warren – American writer and sister of James Otis. She was a close friend of Abigail Adams, wife of John. – Canto LXX
 * Christian Wechel – publisher in 1538 of Andreas Divus's Latin translation of the Odyssey – Canto I. Wechel also published a celebrated edition of Roberto Valturio's De Re Militari (1532), a copy of which is on view in the Chester Beatty Library. In "Andreas Divus" (1918, reprinted as "Translators of Greek" in Literary Essays), Pound wrote that he bought Wechel's Homeric volume in Paris in "1906, 1908, or 1910".
 * Harry Dexter White – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's economist and founder of the International Monetary Fund – Canto LXXXV
 * Walt Whitman – Canto LXXXII
 * John Williams – U.S. politician and judge – Canto LXV
 * William Carlos Williams – Canto LXXVIII
 * Wendell Willkie – Canto LXXVII
 * Oliver Wolcott Signer of the Declaration of Independence – Adams Cantos
 * W.E. Woodward – American historian who promoted a secular view of George Washington – Canto LXXXVI
 * William Wordsworth – Canto LXXXIII
 * Writ of Assistance – Canto LXIII
 * George Wythe – American patriot who signed the Declaration of Independence and law professor whose students included Thomas Jefferson and Henry Clay – Canto LXV

X

 * XYZ Affair – Canto LXX

Y

 * William Butler Yeats – Pisan Cantos passim – Cantos XCVI (admiration for Byzantium), XCVIII, CXIII, CXIV

Z

 * Zagreus – See Dionysus
 * Zeus – Cantos LXXI, XC
 * John Joachim Zubly – Swiss-born preacher who, during the American War of Independence, betrayed the plans of the popular party to the British – Canto LXV


text: User talk:61.247.251.164

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:61.247.251.164


text:
Bloch MB.162

The Bloch MB.162 was a French four-engine, long-range bomber developed by Société des Avions Marcel Bloch in the late 1930s. Only a single prototype was built; after capture by German forces, it was pressed into service with the Luftwaffe as a transport.

Development
Developed from the speedy MB.160 long-range civil transport, the MB.162 was originally developed as a mail plane. The MB.162 01 bomber prototype first flew in June 1940 and was captured subsequent to the Armistice. Had the MB.162 entered production in 1941 as planned, it would have been a notable and fast heavy bomber for the French, somewhat analogous to the B-17 but much faster and less well-armed.

Operational history
The MB.162 did not fly a single combat mission, nor did the MB.162 B.5 production model ever enter production. The prototype was used by the Luftwaffe in I/KG 200 for clandestine affairs during 1943–1944.

Variants
MB.160:
 * civil transport prototype with smaller span, longer, single central fin. Three built.

 * MB.161: produced postwar as airliner SE.161 Languedoc. 100 built
 * MB.162 Raid
 * Long-range mailplane version

 * MB.162.01
 * prototype, one built

 * MB.162 Bn.5
 * Production model - never produced

Military operators

 * Armee de l'Air (postwar)
 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * Luftwaffe
 * Luftwaffe

title: Bloch MB.162


text: Category:527 deaths

title: Category:527 deaths


text:
BBC English

BBC English may refer to:

 * BBC English Regions, a division of the BBC responsible for service in England
 * BBC Learning English, a department of the BBC devoted to English language teaching
 * Received Pronunciation, an accent spoken by some people in the United Kingdom and once considered the "standard accent"

title: BBC English


text: Category:483 births

title: Category:483 births


text:
Revelations: Persona

Revelations: Persona is a 1996 role-playing video game developed and published by Atlus. It is the first entry in the Persona series, itself a subseries of the Megami Tensei franchise, and the first role-playing entry in the series to be released in the west. Originally released for the PlayStation in 1996 in Japan and North America, the title was ported to Microsoft Windows in 1999. A port to the PlayStation Portable retitled Shin Megami Tensei: Persona was released in North America and Japan in 2009, and the following year in Europe. This port featured new cutscenes and a reworked English localization that was more faithful to the original Japanese release, as the original 1996 North American localization was heavily criticized for its unfaithfulness to the original Japanese version. The PlayStation version was also released for the PlayStation Classic on December 3, 2018 worldwide, marking the PlayStation version being released in Europe for the first time.

The story focuses on a group of high school students as they are confronted by a series of supernatural incidents. After playing a fortune-telling game, the group each gain the ability to summon Personas, the multiple selves within them. Using this power under the guidance of Philemon, a benevolent being representing humanity's subconscious, the group face off against multiple forces that threaten the world. Gameplay revolves around the characters navigating environments around their town and fighting enemies using their Personas. During the course of the game, the player can create new Personas for battle using spell cards gained in battle or by talking with enemies.

Persona began development after the release of Shin Megami Tensei If..., with the idea of creating a subseries around the positively received high school setting of If.... Multiple staff members from previous Megami Tensei titles were involved in development, including character designer Kazuma Kaneko, and director Kouji Okada. Multiple aspects of the story, including Personas and the character Philemon, were taken from Jungian psychology, while Kaneko's character designs were based on both staff members, and celebrities and fictional characters of the time. Reception to the game has generally been positive, with most praising its approach to the genre, while its navigation and localization were criticized. Its PSP port shared most points of praise with the original, along with the improved localization, but also drew negative comments for its by-then dated mechanics and graphics.

Gameplay
Revelations: Persona is a role-playing video game in which the player takes control of a group of high school students. A mixture of navigation styles are used: navigation around the students' hometown is done using an overhead view, navigation of standard environments such as outside areas and story locations use an angled third-person view, and dungeons and most buildings are navigated in first-person. The player saves their progress by visiting certain, predetermined locations. An icon in the top right-hand corner of the screen displays a lunar phase: this display shows the passage of in-game time, and its status determines the activity patterns and moods of enemy demons. Battles are both triggered by story events and through random encounters around the world map and dungeon environments. If the player attacks an enemy from behind, the party is given a set of attacks costing no magic points or health points.

Battles take place on a grid-based battle arena, with characters and enemies moving according to their position on the grid. Four commands are available to the party: Attack (fight enemies), Contact (talk with an enemy), Analyze (check an enemy for its strength and weaknesses), and Form (rearrange the party on the grid). The character's main means of attack is their Persona, beings summoned into battle to cast a spell that can heal the party, and inflict physical or elemental damage on an enemy. Each Persona has access to up to eight skills, and each character can change their Persona during their turn. Personas earn experience points independent of the characters they are assigned to, and gain new abilities through extended use. Experience is awarded based on how often the player uses certain characters or Personas. Alongside their Personas, each character is able to attack with an equipped melee weapon or firearm, use an item, or attempt to talk with the demons that act as the game's standard enemies.

Talking to a demon has different effects based on its personality, responding in a specific way to certain actions. There are four emotional responses that the player can elicit from a demon: anger, fear, joy, and interest. Triggering one of these emotions three times will cause the demon to perform an action: an angry demon will attack the party, a frightened demon will flee the battle, a joyful demon will give the player an item, and an interested demon will either leave the battle, give the player an item, or give the player a special spell card (tarot cards aligned with a particular Persona family or Arcanum). Functions related to the customization of Personas are performed in a special place called the Velvet Room: there, the character Igor can summon new Personas from among the various enemies defeated for a fee. He can also use two spell cards along with a special item to create a new Persona, which can inherit skills from the Personas used in the fusion. A Persona can only be fused using cards from certain Persona families. Personas can also be deleted if the player so chooses.

Setting and characters
The game takes place in Japan in 1996, in the town of Mikage-cho. All the main characters attend St. Hermelin High, the town's high school, being in Class 4 taught by Saeko Takami. The other main feature of the town is the local branch of SEBEC (Saeki Electronics & Biological & Energy Corporation). All the main characters have the power to summon Personas, described in the manual as "the power of their hidden selves". The power to call Personas is granted by Philemon, a being born from the Collective Unconscious who acts as the party's spiritual guide and helper. He appears both in a human form and as a butterfly.

The player controls a silent protagonist, a second-year student who acts as their in-game representation. The rest of the cast are Maki Sonomura, whose near-constant ill health has made her inwardly bitter; Kei Nanjō, a self-confident heir to an important family business; Yukino Mayuzumi, a former gang member reformed through the efforts of Saeko; Hidehiko Uesugi, a man who puts on a facade of strength to cover his weaknesses; Yuka Ayase, a girl who consciously acts like a stereotypical "high school girl"; Masao Inaba, a spoiled and rebellious youth; and Eriko Kirishima, a woman with half-American parentage with an interest in the occult. The main antagonist is Takahisa Kandori, who runs the local SEBEC facility. During the SEBEC route, the player has the option of recruiting Reiji Kido, a student with a vendetta against Kandori.

Plot
The game starts with the protagonist, along with schoolmates Hidehiko "Brown" Uesugi, Yuka Ayase and Masao "Mark" Inaba, playing a fortune-telling parlor game called "Persona" while Kei Nanjō and Yukino Mayuzumi watch. After playing the game, the group see a ghostly figure, and the protagonist, Mark, Nanjō, and Yukino are rendered unconscious. The protagonist is then drawn into the realm of Philemon, who grants him the power of Persona and warns him that his new power will soon be needed. After the four recover and at the suggestion of their teacher Saeko, they go to have a check-up and visit classmate Maki Sonomura at the hospital. While visiting, Maki is taken ill, and while they are waiting for news, the ICU where Maki is being treated vanishes and the town is attacked by demons, the summoned manifestations of people's inner darkness. Using their Personas, the four defend themselves, and after meeting up with Eriko "Elly" Kirishima, they head to the town's Ayama Shrine to find Maki's mother Setsuko. Upon arrival, they find Setsuko wounded after an attack by Takahisa Kandori. Setsuko reveals him to be the culprit behind the changes to the town, caused by a reality-altering machine called the Deva System. Nanjō and Mark head out to confront SEBEC, while the protagonist, Elly and Yukino bring Setsuko back to the school. After this point, the game splits into two story routes: the main SEBEC route, and the alternate Snow Queen route.

In the SEBEC route, should the protagonist decide to confront SEBEC, he is first joined by a recovered Maki, then asked by Nanjō to help save Mark, who is captured by demons. The protagonist, Maki and Nanjō rescue Mark, but on the way Maki displays an odd lack of certain memories including being hospitalized. After rescuing Mark and infiltrating SEBEC, the group confront Kandori. After cornering him inside the Deva System, a girl in black called Aki appears and knocks the party unconscious. When they awake, they find themselves in a duplicate, idealized version of their world. The group eventually find and corner Kandori, whose ultimate goal was to become a deity and find meaning in life. After an initial fight, Kandori is possessed by his Persona Nyarlathotep, then finally defeated. Before dying, Kandori reveals that the Maki who has been traveling with the party is the "Ideal Maki", a version of herself from the true Maki's heart. Aki and a girl in white called Mai are also pieces of Maki, and the idealized Mikage-cho was created by Maki, and brought into reality when she unexpectedly linked with the Deva System. The group must help Maki avoid Kandori's path towards isolation and his current actions. The group manage to convince Ideal Maki to overlook her original self's unconscious actions and join them in fixing the problem. After rescuing the true Maki's self from the Sea of Souls, where all human life begins, the group must then confront Pandora, an aspect of Maki that wants to use the Deva System to destroy everything. When Pandora is defeated, all the pieces of Maki merge back into one, reversing the effects on the town and restoring her to full health. Philemon meets with the group and congratulates them on their success.

The Snow Queen route, which takes place in the real town of Mikage-cho, is unlocked by investigating an urban legend within the school surrounding a theatrical mask used in performances of "The Snow Queen": nearly everyone who wears the mask to play the title role has died, with the exception of Saeko, whose friend disappeared instead. After finding the mask, the protagonist encounters Saeko, who puts on the mask and is possessed by a spirit within it. Freezing the entire town, the possessed Saeko generates three towers, with the spirits of those previously killed by the mask as their guardians, whilst setting up her Ice Castle within the high school. Along with Yukino, Ayase, Elly, Brown, and Nanjō, the protagonist heads out to save Saeko. Philemon contacts them and tells them that the only way to save Saeko is the Demon Mirror, which can remove the source of the mask's curse. The spirit possessing Saeko turns out to be former classmate Tomomi Fujimori, who was horribly disfigured by the mask when she wore it in place of Saeko. Using the mirror, the group are able to free Saeko and bring Tomomi peace. It is then revealed that Tomomi herself was controlled by the Night Queen Asura, a powerful entity who wants to cloak the world in darkness. Upon defeating the Night Queen, the town is freed from her power.

Development
The development of Revelations: Persona began in 1994, after the release of Shin Megami Tensei If.... The high school setting of If... was received positively upon release, so series developer Atlus decided to create a dedicated subseries focusing on the inner struggles of young adults. This concept eventually evolved into Persona, and its underlying focus on the "human soul" would become a mainstay of the Persona series. The title Megami Ibunroku was designed to show the title's status as a spin-off directly related to the Megami Tensei series, although it was removed for later Persona titles. The Persona system was directly inspired by the Guardian system used in If..., originally designed by future Persona director Katsura Hashino. Veteran Megami Tensei producer Kouji Okada, and character designer Kazuma Kaneko took over these respective staff roles. New to the production team was writer Tadashi Satomi. The script took about a year to write, with the staff going through twenty drafts. The first draft involved the students going on a field trip and being caught in a series of mysterious events. This was one of the more fondly-remembered versions. Shigenori Soejima, a future designer for the series, was involved in designing minor characters and coloring promotional and cover artwork. The main concept behind Persona was a Megami Tensei game that could be enjoyed by people new to the series. The popularity of casual games on the PlayStation was a key factor in making this decision. The development team's focus on Persona resulted in development on Shin Megami Tensei III: Nocturne coming to a near-halt.

Kaneko designed the main cast around multiple notable celebrities and fictional characters of the time, along with members of Atlus staff. While the characters wearing the same uniform helped designate them as a single group, it also made them look the same. To balance against this, Kaneko expressed their individuality through accessories. Atlus staff members also made cameos as minor characters. The character of Philemon was based on Carl Jung's titular wise old man archetype, described as a contradictory existence. His appearance in-game was based on paintings of Chinese philosopher Zhuang Zhou. Multiple ideas and terms used in-game were based on Jungian psychology and archetypes. The Velvet Room, a key gameplay location, was based on the Black Lodge from Twin Peaks. One of the characters focused on by Kaneko was Maki, who was given multiple forms throughout the story. The first versions created were the original Maki, who had been bed-ridden for a long time, and the "ideal" version, whose inexperience with the outside world and interactions with others made her an expressionless doll. In addition to these forms, black-clothed "Aki" and white-clothed "Mai" were created when Maki's personality split, representing her extremes. The true Maki represented balance, so Kaneko made her uniform grey. Because of this, the school uniform had to be grey. To represent her psychological immaturity, she was given a ribbon to represent her girlishness, along with a locket she believes can grant wishes.

Ports and localization
Persona was released in Japan on September 20, 1996 for the PlayStation. The game was ported to Microsoft Windows and released on March 25, 1999 by ASCII Corporation. The game was compatible with Windows 95 and 98 operating systems. The game released in North America in December 1996. The PlayStation Portable version was directed by Shoji Meguro, the original game's composer. It was Meguro's first project as a director. It was decided to remake the original Persona as a large number of new fans had been brought to the series by Persona 3 and Persona 4, so Atlus decided to give them easier access to the beginning of the series. The game was announced in February 2009, and released on April 29 of that year. Along with gameplay adjustments and balancing, such as adding adjustable difficulty levels and modifying enemy encounter rates, full-motion cutscenes produced by anime studio Kamikaze Douga were created. The cutscenes were voiced, while the rest of the game used text-based dialogue as in the original. In Europe and Australia, the title was released by Atlus as a digital title on PlayStation Network.

Persona was the first role-playing entry in the Megami Tensei series to be released in the west, with the first Megami Tensei release being action game Jack Bros. in 1995. While the main Megami Tensei series' use of Christian imagery made it unsuitable for localization at the time, Persona employed a different naming system to make it more acceptable. Persona was localized by Atlus' then-new North American branch Atlus USA. Persona was chosen as a series that could help define the company and compete with the likes of Final Fantasy, Suikoden and Breath of Fire. The team that localized Persona was quite small, which made the process quite difficult: not only was there a large amount of text to translate, but the team needed to adjust or change the Japanese references as they feared it might alienate western players. Among the changes were altering the player character's hairstyle, the ethnic origins of multiple characters, the character and location names, and multiple pieces of dialogue. The entire Snow Queen route was also cut from the game, leaving only the SEBEC story route open for exploration.

The PSP remake's localization was similar to those done for Persona 3 and 4, with the dialogue being in tune with modern youth and keeping as close to the original dialogue as possible except for Japan-specific cultural references. To provide a reference for their work, the localization team played through the original version of Persona. The changes made to character names and appearances in the Revelations localization were not retained, with the exception of a couple of lines that had become fan favorites. These were included as a kind of homage to both players and the company's history of game localization. The entire Snow Queen quest was also included.

Music
The music for Persona was written by Hidehito Aoki, Kenichi Tsuchiya, Misaki Okibe and Shoji Meguro. Persona was Tsuchiya and Meguro's first major work, with Meguro beginning shortly before he officially joined Atlus' internal staff. Meguro worked on the title for approximately a year, composing ten to twenty percent of the score. The first piece composed by Meguro was "The Aria of the Soul", the theme for the Velvet Room, originally commissioned by Aoki. "The Aria of the Soul" would become a mainstay in future Persona titles. For the PSP re-release, Meguro composed new music alongside remixing original tracks. While he kept the original atmosphere, he also used the experience and musical techniques gained from his work on Persona 3 and 4. He also tried some new techniques, such as with the opening theme, which began with a pop motif before transitioning into heavy metal, along with changing the important lyrics from English to Japanese.

The official soundtrack album, Persona Be Your True Mind Original Soundtrack, was released on June 17, 1999. An arrange album, Megami Ibunroku Persona Original Soundtrack & Arrange Album, was released April 18, 1999. In Japan, the official soundtrack for the PSP port was released on April 29, 2009. In the United States, the Persona soundtrack was packaged with the game's retail release.

Reception
During its debut week, Persona sold 201,147 copies. These would remain the best first-week sales in the franchise until the release of Persona 5 in 2016. In its year of release in Japan, Persona sold 391,556 units, reaching number 21 in the 100 best-selling games of that year. Persona was described at the time of its original western release as a "sleeper hit". The PSP port of the game was also highly successful: while Atlus estimated sales of 50,000 and 35,000 units in Japan and North America, respectively, actual sales reached 160,000 and 49,000 units.

Famitsu was generally positive about the setting and plot, and enjoyed the careful incorporation of Megami Tensei gameplay mechanics alongside new features. GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann called it "a truly different RPG", praising the story, setting and gameplay, while criticizing the quality of the localization and feeling indifferent about the graphics and level layout. IGN called the game "an RPG masterpiece", praising its departure from fantasy-based RPGs of the time. The Electronic Gaming Monthly review team considered the contemporary setting and multitude of options in battle to be refreshingly original, though they found the complexity of the battles overwhelming at points. Next Generation also complimented the originality of the setting, but concluded the game "lacks the kind of cohesion needed to be called great." The reviewer elaborated that the frequent shifting of gameplay perspectives is frustrating, and that "Missing is a fluid unraveling of the story, and in its place is a fragmented disclosure of the facts, interrupted entirely too often by battle scenes." Game Informer variously complemented the game for its challenging gameplay, and story and setting, with one reviewer calling it "the best PlayStation RPG available." GamePro's Art Angel said the same, and added that it "may even challenge the upcoming Final Fantasy VII as the season's best RPG." He cited the informative and efficient interface, lack of pixelation, spell effects, voice clips in battle, fun persona system, and the replay value stemming from the multiple endings. Jeff Walker, writing a retrospective review of the game for RPGamer, generally shared points of praise and criticism with Gerstmann, summing the game up as "a sure winner". RPGFan writer EsquE was positive overall about the game, calling it "an achievement in dedicated game design", and saying in closing that "[Revelations: Persona] deserves much more respect than it has received."

Reviewing the PSP port, Eric L. Patterson of Play was highly positive about the game's old-school mechanics and the chance to replay it with an improved localization and the Snow Queen route reinstated. He did say that for fans of the PlayStation 2 Persona games, "[Persona] could very well feel like a punch to the face and a boot to the crotch." Jeremy Parish, writing for 1UP.com, said that the way Persona broke away from RPG norms through the communication with demons during battle made it essential playing for fans of the genre. He was generally positive about most aspects apart from its visuals. Game Informer's Joe Juba, despite noting awkward navigation and the inability to appreciate character and enemies designs due to their small sprite size, generally praised the game for improving on the original game's flaws. Ben Reeves, giving a second opinion on the game as part of the review, generally shared Juba's points of praise, though found the minimap inadequate. GameSpot's Lark Anderson was more critical than most, praising the story and improved localization, but finding the combat, navigation and graphics fairly dated compared to both recent and contemporary RPGs. IGN's Sam Bishop shared critiques about the graphics with other reviewers, but enjoyed most other parts of the game, and particularly appreciated the inclusion of the Snow Queen route. RPGamer's Glenn Wilson and RPGFan's Neal Chandran generally echoed other reviewers' sentiments: Wilson cited it as a less enjoyable game than the PlayStation 2 Persona entries while still being a quality project, and Chandran called it "a killer trip down memory lane with a pair of high-definition rose-colored glasses." Shin Megami Tensei: Persona was also awarded RPGFan's Editor's Choice Award.

Legacy
Revelations: Persona was successful enough to establish the Persona series in North America and become a cult classic. The game's success prompted the development of a sequel. Persona 2: Innocent Sin, which was released in 1999 and involved many of the same staff. Persona was adapted into a manga titled Megami Ibunroku Persona. Originally serialized in 1996, it was later reissued in 2009. In 2006, Atlus and mobile company Bbmf released a mobile spin-off game, Megami Ibunroku Persona: Ikū no Tō-hen. It is a 3D dungeon crawler set during the events of Persona. The unexpected success of the PSP port of Persona led to the development of enhanced remakes for both Innocent Sin and its sequel, Persona 2: Eternal Punishment. Both these ports were also directed by Meguro.

title: Revelations: Persona


text: User talk:212.143.55.116

title: User talk:212.143.55.116


text:
User:Jvb

I'm a Flemish free speech activist.

Those who reject morality in their own lives often project their conscience out onto the periphery of their experience. They take righteous stands on political issues and embrace idealistic ideologies, as a compensation for the moral failures and guilt in their personal lives. They reject personal morality but believe in social morality. Holding the right political beliefs enables them to feel self-righteousness, without the trouble of actually being righteous.

The Belgian French-speakers milk the Flemish cow but have at the same time introduced the Thought Police (Agency for equal Rights-Centrum voor Gelijkheid van Kansen).The Belgian Thought Police is controlled by some, but not all political parties. This is the definition of being biased, because politicians will always (ab)use the power they get.

For more in-depth information, I refer to the discussion at “Flemish Interest” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Flemish_Interest)

Only the chapter about the financial transfers from Flanders to Wallonia is reproduced once more, because another user (Mr. Freethought, very cynically) sent it to the history department and so it might be too difficult to find back for some people. How the money is then (ab)used in Wallonia can be read in the next article, but unfortunately only in Dutch, called "Borinage blues. Portrayal of a community that knows no shame". It is written by the correspondent of the major Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad. This is the client-serving system of the Walloon Parti “Socialiste”.

Flanders - 24/12/2004

== The financial transfers from Flanders to Wallonia   |lang_en|lang_fr|lang_nl==

European money spoiled in Wallonia
Rob De Lobel (BE)

Regional Disparities: The Impact of European Structural Funds Objective 2 on the Regions of Liège and Limburg. (Prof. Rodríguez-Pose)

One of the Seven best Master Theses 2004-2005.

Borinage blues. Portrayal of a community that knows no shame
REPORTAGE. Borinage blues Portret van een gemeenschap die de schaamte voorbij is Caroline de Gruyter 	12/05/2001

©Copyright De Standaard

title: User:Jvb


text: Category:578 deaths

title: Category:578 deaths


text:
Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/France radar

France radar
From NASA. If only we had physical maps like this for all of the countries. Used on Geography of France. - grendel|khan 09:17, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * Nominate and support. - grendel|khan 09:17, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * Comment. I have uploaded the full version to the commons.
 * Oppose. The drop shadow ruins it (it's uneven aswell). ed g2s  •  talk  22:13, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Shouldn't the drop shadow be uneven? If the Earth is round and the light is coming from a point source, you wouldn't necessarily have the exact same amount of shadow along edges with the same slopes. --brian0918™ 19:05, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sure, if the shadow was supposed to be representing some sort of realistic effect. A nice even shadow around the edge to give slight emphasis to the borders would've been much neater. ed g2s  •  talk  01:24, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Isn't France deliberately cut out from surrounding countries, and that is what is craeting the shadow?--ZayZayEM 00:56, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Shadow isn't too obtrusive. --Elijah 05:53, 2004 Dec 24 (UTC)
 * Neutral. I think the detail in the data is excellent and I like the fact that it is France that is the subject. So this should have a place in featured pictures, but I am also uncomfortably with the floating territory/drop shadow treatment (for example its not clear that the Channel Islands aren't in France). Unfortunately I couldn't find an original source image which could be used for an alternative boundary highlight (such as desaturating and tinting the neighbouring countries). -- Solipsist 11:09, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Neutralitytalk 00:15, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Enochlau 03:33, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Janderk 17:14, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. I actually like the drop shadow... ugen64 03:49, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose; would be support if, indeed, like Solipsist suggested, we could use the original with the other countries faded. James F. (talk) 08:33, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Rescue me! Boring image - where is the excitement? JediMaster16 03:56, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Support (JediMaster, how exciting do you expect a topographic map of France to be?) Shows the topography of France clearly, it's informative and pleasing to look at - Adrian Pingstone 11:11, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Oppose Have to say I agree with JediMaster16: it's clearly an illustrative image, but hardly gripping or exciting. Featured pictures should surely make you think 'wow' when you see them, and I can't see how anyone could find this a particularly thrilling image. Worldtraveller 19:11, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * NOT promoted, +6/-6 -- Bevo 16:16, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Children's Museum of Bogotá

What to do with this?
I removed this text as it's not encyclopedic. Does anyone have an idea whether some of it can be salvaged? [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 09:18, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC) MISSION

Our mission is to make accessible science, culture and technology to the Colombian children through “learning by playing” exhibits and to promote intellectual curiosity and the pleasure of learning based on the respect of human values and rights. The Children’s Museum fosters research, creativity and a true understanding of culture, society and values. The Children’s Museum is a non confessional and non political institution.

VISION

Our vision is to be a favorite learning institution for the Colombian children, young and adults, where they find opportunities for knowledge, research, creativity in the areas of science, technology, culture and the arts, and to foster their interest in understanding and improving our world and the Colombian society.

CONTACTS:

Address: Carrera 48 No. 63-97, Bogotá, D.C., COLOMBIA

Tel. 57-1-225-7587 Fax. 57-1-225-9576

e-mail: museodelosninoseducacion@hotmail.com

answer to this question
You do nothing. It seems it was copied directly from the museum's official site or writen by the museum's staff in order to promote the museum (though IMO it doesn't need promotion since along with the Maloka Museum, it's the most recognized interactive museum for children in Colombia.

Since Wikipedia is not a website, but an encyclopedia; you did well in removing that information. Wikipedia is to provide information, not to promote institutions. thank you Minako-Chan* 17:00, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

About the HK-749 inside the museum
Could someone mention the fact that there is a HK-749 aircraft from the airliner Avianca inside the museum, accesible for all the children who visit it. here is the reference: http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?front=yes&s=1&keywords=museo+bogota

thank you Minako-Chan* 17:04, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Children's Museum of Bogotá


text: Category:582 deaths

title: Category:582 deaths


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User:Shimeru

Quote
'One teacher, one doctor, one ecstasy, one illness, one woman, one man 'May hide another. Pause to let the first one pass. 'You think, Now it is safe to cross and you are hit by the next one. It can be important 'To have waited at least a moment to see what was already there.

--One Train May Hide Another, Kenneth Koch

User
Please don't edit this page. Instead, leave your message on my Talk page.

About me
Well, I suppose I should get around to putting something here. So here it is.

I'm an editor at heart. I know that the best way to improve something is not always tonight expand upon it; sometimes, the best way is to cut it back. I tend to lean deletionist where encyclopediac noteworthiness is not established and inclusionist where an article is thoroughly referenced with reliable secondary sources. My particular areas of interest are art, folklore, literature, comics and animation, Japanese culture, poetry, roleplaying games, and the internet. I also spend a fair amount of time patrolling new pages and recent changes.

The obligatory list of stuff I helped write:

 * Italics indicates a Did You Know...? entry.
 * indicates a Good Article
 * indicates a Featured Article

New articles, rewrites, or major expansion
Ae-oina Kamui | alt.fan.warlord | Apasam Kamui | Chikap Kamui | Chujo-hime | Crescent Moon (manga) | Fortsas hoax | Hash-Inau-uk Kamui | Hoffman, Daniel | Inari (mythology) | IndusInd Bank | Itami, Juzo | Itami, Mansaku | kabuki | Kagu-tsuchi | Kamo no Yasunori | Kamo no Yasunori no musume | kamui | Kamui Fuchi | Kandakoro Kamui | Kenash Unarabe | Kim-un Kamui | Kinashut Kamui | kitsune | Kojin | Kuzunoha | kyogen | Little Theatre of Wilkes-Barre | Lipofsky, Marvin | Littleton, Harvey | McBride, Jeff | Minbo | Morita, Yoshimitsu | Moshirikara Kamui | Nusakoro Kamui | Onoe, Matsunosuke | Ooruku Nooruper | Pauchi Kamui | Perverted-Justice.com | Philomathean Society | Pixy Misa | Repun Kamui | Ries, Christopher | Ryo-Ohki | Shall We Dance (1996 film) | shinigami | Shiramba Kamui | Skeleton Key (comic) | Takekoma Inari Shrine | The Family Game | Wagoto | Waka-ush Kamui | Wyoming Seminary | Yushkep Kamui

Significant edits/expansion
Abe no Seimei | ʿĀd | Adrogue, con ilustraciones de Norah Borges | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering | Agrawal, Manindra | Amane, Misa | Amano, Yoshitaka | Ambroz | Apis mellifera iberiensis | Asia Art Archive | Bakchha | Bango plc | Bester, Alfred | buffer underrun | Calcutta International School | carnography | cascarones | caste system in India | Chinese literature | cinema of Japan | City of Heroes | Contra 3: The Alien Wars | Cratchit, Bob | Daemonia Nymphe | D'Amato, Frank | Diyu | doloire | Epagogix | Evening of Roses | fascism | fifth column | Fukuyama, Masaharu | Goetic demons in popular culture | Gothic Melting Ice Cream's Darkness Nightmare | Green Goblin | Haldankar, Suresh | harem anime | Indian cuisine | instant noodles | Japan Nation Party | Jarrell, Randall | Jinn in popular culture | kōan | Koviljkin grad | The Last Lecture | list of Kenichi: The Mightiest Disciple characters | list of The Price Is Right pricing games | market run | Marmalade Boy | The Masque of the Red Death | nanotechnology in fiction | NERO International | newLISP | Nocturne (video game) | Otōri | oxymoron | philosophical sin | Platform game | Power Pack | Q Score | Qin Dynasty | Quint, Philippe | religion in Japan | Road to the Multiverse | rook (bird) | Saleh, Aminu | Sasuke (TV series) | Schwellenbach, Lewis B. | Singing Sword | superhero | Takeda Nobuchika | Tamamo-no-Mae | Tang Zhengzai | Tanaka, Hirokazu | Tanikawa, Tetsuzo | The Transporter | Uchuu Keiji Sharivan | unlockable game | Verbo | Viddler | Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay | Wollstonecraft, Mary | Wonder Woman | Xellos | XIII Century (video game) | Yin, Ellen | Yamaguchi, Takayuki | Yoko | yuri (genre) | Zhang Ji (Han Dynasty) | Zorro's Fighting Legion

To-do list

 * Bring kitsune up to FA status.
 * Further research on shinigami; that article needs a rewrite.
 * Glass artists Erwin Eisch and Tom McGlauchlin.
 * Possible further expansion on Skeleton Key.
 * Stub some of the redlinks on List of legendary creatures in Japanese mythology.
 * Template:Merge-school to tag for merging or expansion of short school articles.
 * Add articles on Ainu mythology (only had 2 articles, both stubs); expand the ones I've already added
 * More about Japanese cinema, particularly actors and directors. (Shozo Makino first?)
 * Expand stubs on Japanese mythology.
 * Finish creating a framework of articles for Ainu mythology, an area Wikipedia has so far neglected.
 * Rewrite Inari (mythology) again, extensively this time. Get it to at least GA.
 * Continue to tag sourceless school articles for merging. Merge them later, when nobody else does.  Nominate them for deletion after that, if the merge is reverted without introducing any secondary sources.

title: User:Shimeru


text: Category:539 births

title: Category:539 births


text: Category:602 deaths

title: Category:602 deaths


text: User talk:63.207.124.41

title: User talk:63.207.124.41


text:
Legong (film)

Legong: Dance of the Virgins is a 1935 synchronized  drama travelogue sound film in color, one of the last feature films shot using the two-color Technicolor process, and one of the last films shot by a major Hollywood studio without any dialogue. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects. It is a drama based on a Balinese native tale, with travelogue elements depicting Balinese culture. Legong and the follow-up travelogue drama Kliou, the Killer (once believed lost) were the last mainstream silent films to be released in the US.

Plot
Poutou the daughter of Gousti Bagus is in love with Nyong. She attends a barong dance depicting a mythical struggle between a demon and men but is only interested in Nyong who is also there in the crowd of spectators. Nyong is invited to the home of Gousti Bagus and Poutou the next day. He is on his way when he sees Poutou's sister Saplak bathing and is smitten. Nyong writes on a leaf for Saplak to meet him during the temple dance (Legong) Potou is to dance at. It is to be her last temple dance and Potou is very happy until she finds the note and learns of the betrayal. She goes to the bridge and sees the pair together and commits suicide. Gousti Bagus puts her body in a funeral pyre and burns it so she may be reincarnated.

Cast
The cast were entirely native Balinese who only acted in this film.

 * Poetoe Aloes Goesti as Poutou
 * Bagus Mara Goesti as Gousti Bagus
 * Saplak Njoman as Saplak
 * Njong Njong Njoman as Nyong

Production
Legong was an American exploitation film (of a type often referred to as a "goona-goona epic") similar to Isle of Paradise (1932), directed by Charles Trego, and Goona Goona or Love Powder (1932) directed by Andre Roosevelt and Armand Denis. Legong was produced and directed by Gaston Glass and Henry de la Falaise for Falaise's wife Constance Bennett's Bennett Pictures Corporation, and was filmed entirely on location in Bali from May to August 1933, using an all-Balinese cast. The crew was helped by Roosevelt, Denis, and Walter Spies to gain access to local villages and people willing to act in the film.

The cameraman was three-time Academy Award winner color specialist W. Howard Greene, billed as William H. Greene, who also photographed the two-color Technicolor scenes in Ben-Hur (1925), in addition to many other early Technicolor films. Legong was first distributed in the United States in 1935 by DuWorld Pictures Inc. and outside the U.S. by Paramount International. The score was compiled from stock cues from the Abe Meyer library, and was conducted by Samuel Wineland.

Original release
The film opened in New York City on October 1, 1935 at USD$5.00 per ticket ($84.20 in 2012 dollars). Reaction from some New York critics was positive; "exquisitely beautiful" from one, "Moments that touch the heart" from another, and "flaming splendor" from a third. The New York Times' reviewer found it "a pleasant venture in the filmic literature of escape... a pretty tale, and the photoplay recites it simply and with faith. Subduing his color camera to inviting browns and pastel tints, the Marquis sets his native lovers against the rice fields, the shadowy lagoons, the pounding surf and the mountains of that island of which Paul Morand has written that it is absolutely irresistible to college boys and women of 40." Variety, on the other hand, considered it to offer "nothing especially refreshing in the story... follows usual procedure for this type of native stuff" though conceding "A number of elaborate production scenes with oriental trappings are made doubly effective through use of color".

Ten weeks later Film Daily reported that Legong was still playing in New York. Part of the appeal was likely the bare-breasted young actresses that appear throughout the film: American censors of the time tended to be more lenient with toplessness in films purporting to be cultural studies, and the women were not white. Legong was successful enough that it was re-released several times. At one time advertisements promoted the film in large letters as "NUDITY WITHOUT CRUDITY: A FILM FOR ALL AUDIENCES!" "Bali... a garden of Eden with dozens of ‘Eves’! See the strange dance of Rongda, the Witch! Romance in the South Seas! Mass Cremation ceremonies!"

While nudity may have been part of the film's appeal, it also received recognition at the time of its release for embodying "many details of anthropological interest, giving a record, in particular, of betrothal custom, traditional dances and mortuary rites." This is only partially true. The script writers, while basing the story on Balinese culture, gave it a decidedly Hollywood treatment. Despite its shortcomings, the film gives an unparalleled view of life in Bali in the 1930s.

In the course of the story there are several authentic performances of Balinese dance. One of these dances is "Legong", from which the film gets its name. While the film shows the traditional gamelan accompanying the dancers, there is no gamelan music in the original music track. This silent film has a musical soundtrack but no dialogue—rather it uses intertitles written by Hampton del Ruth.

The film was heavily edited in both the US and UK. In the US they removed a lot of the nudity while in the UK they removed the cockfighting scenes. The entire film has been found intact however.

Restoration and new musical score
The film was restored by the UCLA Film and Television Archive in 1999 and released on DVD in 2004. Legong was reconstructed using three surviving nitrate two-color Technicolor prints, one each from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Scenes of nudity had been trimmed from the U.S. print, while shots of cockfighting had been removed from the British print. The DVD release includes an alternative soundtrack composed by Richard Marriott and I Made Subandi and performed by Gamelan Sekar Jaya and Club Foot Orchestra. The new score mixes Balinese and Western musical traditions. The score is quite unique in that it uses heavy violin ostinato with shouting over the top of it during scenes depicting crowds and cockfighting. This mixture of Balinese music with western instruments creates a unique sound. The score took roughly two months to compose though they had six months in advance to prepare. They borrowed heavily from native music such as barong, legong, garuda and bali langjar.

The new score was performed live at showings of the film at the Castro Theatre in San Francisco in May 1999, and at the UC Theater in Berkeley in 2000. There were also performances at the Winter Garden in the World Financial Center in New York City, as part of the Silent Film/Live Music festival in 2000 and 2005. In July 2013 the score was performed again at the Castro Theatre as part of the San Francisco Silent Film Festival.

In November 2004, a DVD of Legong was released with Bennett Pictures' follow-up film, Kliou, the Killer (1936), filmed in Indochina in color.

title: Legong (film)


text: Category:610 deaths

title: Category:610 deaths