text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wishbirdskull

Wishbirdskull
Wishbirdskull was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.
 * I'm not sure whether this is nonsense (therefore speedy delete), vfd material, or for cleanup.-gadfium (talk) 04:45, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless someone can write something intelligible about it. Google turns up some interesting sites, including one that is mostly identical to this page. Another one is very different but refers to the same...idea? Both have no context or explanation, which leads me to believe this is some sort of weird publicity stunt. =Rholton 05:56, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. What the??? This is the most bizzare thing I ever read. I suspect some sort of a joke (ala Bonsai Kitten, but nowhere as notable). -[[User:Ld|Ld | talk]] 06:11, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Sounds like some kind of magic spell. Maybe it belongs on the wiki for 'how to's... Kappa 06:32, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Cleanup. It's lacking context right now but probably is part of some culture, tribe etc. Just needs someone who knows more about it to come along and sort it out. Dan100 09:28, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wikibooks as it stands now. This definitely seems to be (the first part of?) a magic spell.  It reads as if there's a further ritual not given; leaving out the second part may release a Krampus or something.  If this is a notable cultural practice, who, where, when, and why should be added; and the directions probably should be transwiki'd anyways.  -- Smerdis of Tlön 15:19, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Unless there is some context provided, is see no reason to send this to cleanup or to traswiki it. I urge people to view google search results for "wishbirdskull". Some listings have already been removed, but you can view the cached pages.
 * Agree with above; context is required. Kappa 19:42, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Wikibooks or Wikisource then Delete, eek. Wyss 22:07, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as someone's new age wiccan idea. Nothing against new age wiccan ideas, but the wikipedia doesn't want them. hfool 23:59, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Unless speedily and completely rewitten to provide relevant context, I vote delete. Edeans 00:22, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm with Edeans. As it stands it's completely nonsensical --Fyrefiend 07:50, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sock!
 * It's a pretty okay, straightforward description of a ritual practice, only totally without context or relevance. What is it? Why is it here? Delete. Auto movil 00:23, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bitsaa international

Bitsaa international
Wikipedia is not an addressbook. --fvw *  04:45, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * I know of an East Windsor, NJ but not an East Windson. Delete —ExplorerCDT 07:24, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad, stub, nn. Wyss 22:08, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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File:ABCD's top bar.png

Source: MediaWiki software, with public domain modifications to style by ABCD

title: File:ABCD's top bar.png


text:
Isuzu MU

The Isuzu MU is a mid-size SUV which was produced by Japan-based manufacturer Isuzu from 1989 to 2004.

The three-door MU was introduced in 1989, followed in 1990 by the five-door version called Isuzu MU Wizard. Production of these first generation models ceased in 1998 to be replaced by a second generation. This time, the five-door version dropped the "MU" prefix, to become the Isuzu Wizard. The acronym "MU" is short for "Mysterious Utility". Isuzu manufactured several variations to the MU and its derivates for sale in other countries.

The short-wheelbase (three-door) version was sold as the Isuzu MU and Honda Jazz in Japan, with the names Isuzu Amigo and later Isuzu Rodeo Sport used in the United States. Throughout continental Europe, the three-door was called Opel Frontera Sport, with the Vauxhall Frontera Sport title used in the United Kingdom, and Holden Frontera Sport in Australia.

The long-wheelbase (five-door) version was available as the Isuzu Wizard in Japan, and in North America as Isuzu Rodeo and the Honda Passport. Opel, Vauxhall, and Holden each also sold rebadged versions of the five-door as the Opel Frontera, Vauxhall Frontera, and Holden Frontera. It was also sold as the Chevrolet Frontera in Egypt, the Isuzu Cameo and Isuzu Vega in Thailand, the Isuzu Frontier in South Africa, and as the Chevrolet Rodeo in Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia.

First generation (1989)

The three-door Isuzu MU made its debut in Japan during 1989, with the five-door MU Wizard introduced the following year. Based on the Isuzu Faster (TF) pickup truck of 1988, both the three- and five-door models shared bodywork and most internal components from the front doors forward. Like the Faster pickup, the MU and MU Wizard featured rear- and four-wheel drive layout configurations.

Between 1993 and 1996, Honda retailed three-door versions of the MU under the name Honda Jazz for the Japanese market under a model sharing arrangement that resulted in several Isuzu models being badged Honda and vice versa.

Markets
Sales of the three-door began in the United States during the second quarter of 1989 under the Isuzu Amigo name. A 2.3-liter 4ZD1 inline-four engine, producing 76 kW came standard with the RWD while the 4WD was offered with the 2.6-liter 4ZE1 engine. The transmission was initially manual only. There were very limited options for the early Amigo including air conditioning, seating for two or four, and two trim levels to choose from, S or XS. Some of the model year changes throughout production included: small cosmetic alterations such as a rounded grille for 1991, the standardization of the 2.6-liter engine for 1992, and the added availability of a four-speed automatic transmission on the RWD version for 1992 and 1993. For 1993, the grille was enlarged, with the front bumper being slightly altered to accommodate it. For 1994, a high mount rear stop light was added and power steering and mirrors were made standard. The Amigo was dropped by Isuzu in the US market for the 1995 model year. A limited number of XS-F editions (with the "F" standing for "Frontera") were produced which had additional options such as power windows and locking, four-wheel anti-lock brakes (ABS) (inactive in low-range 4WD mode, only active on the rear wheels in 4WD high-range). This version of the Amigo had only 49-state emissions (reasons unknown) and there are no official sales numbers, although most dealers agree there were fewer than 75 sold. The only badging that shows this model is a sport blue XS symbol with a sport-font "F" beside it (also sport blue).
 * North America

Isuzu introduced the five-door Isuzu Rodeo to the United States in 1990 for the 1991 model year. It was available with either a 2.6-liter inline-four engine rated at 89 kW or a 3.1-liter V6 engine made by General Motors (GM) which had the same power output as the 2.6, but had more torque. An automatic transmission was available for the V6. The Rodeo, like the Amigo was available in both RWD and 4WD, with the latter featuring manually locking hubs on the S version and automatically locking hubs on the XS and top-of-the-line LS. Rear-wheel ABS were standard feature on 4WDs. A RWD manual transmission model with a 21.9 usgal tank was rated at 18 mpgus in city driving by the EPA, and 22 mpgus on the highway. A 4WD model with the V6 and automatic transmission was rated at 15 mpgus city and 18 mpgus highway.

All Rodeos had a rear seat bottom which folded forward and rear seat back which folded down, extending the 35 cuft cargo area. The vehicle's lug wrench was stored under the seat bottom, concealed by a carpeted Velcro flap. The jack was located behind a plastic panel in the rear left of the cargo area along with the rear windshield washer fluid reservoir if equipped. The LS was available with privacy glass, velour upholstery, and split-folding rear seats. A secret locking compartment was fitted in the depths of the center console below a removable cassette storage bin. The vehicle weighed 3490 - 3820 lb, depending on engine and options.

For the 1993 model year, Isuzu replaced the GM V6 engine with their own 3.2-liter 24-valve SOHC V6 which was rated at 130 kW. Manually locking hubs were eliminated, but the floor-mounted transfer case shifter remained. The 1993 Rodeo featured a recalibrated suspension system, softened spring rates and softened shock valving. The Rodeo now weighed between 3536 - 4120 lb and the EPA rating was 18 mpgus city and 21 mpgus highway. Also for 1993, a Family II 2.4 litre four-cylinder engine from Holden was introduced, and the Rodeo gained a third brake light above the rear window and a more refined center console. The "V6" badge on V6 models was moved behind the front wheels. Midway through 1995, the Rodeo received an updated dashboard and steering wheel, both of which added airbags. The "ISUZU" badge on the front grille also shrunk in size. For 1996 Isuzu increased the power of their 3.2-liter V6 up to 145 kW and 262 Nm of torque, and the top level trim LS received the same 16-inch aluminium wheels as the Trooper, and was available in two-tone exterior colors.

Isuzu sold 24,612 Rodeos in 1991 and 45,257 Rodeos in 1992. US models were manufactured at Subaru-Isuzu Automotive, Inc. (now, Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc.) in Lafayette, Indiana. The vehicle was still considered an import, as 75 percent of its parts were made overseas.

The first generation Isuzu Rodeo and its twin, the Honda Passport received a rating of "Poor" in the IIHS frontal offset test conducted at 40 mph due to a poor safety cage and dummy movement, and excessive footwell intrusion that contributed to injuries to both legs.

 * Europe

This series was known in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Frontera and in the rest of Europe as the Opel Frontera. It was launched in November 1991 and built at the former Bedford van factory in Luton, England; it would become known as the IBC factory (Isuzu Bedford Company). In the 1980s the plant had come under joint control between Isuzu and General Motors, with the Frontera being built alongside a number of other commercial vehicle models. The Australian and New Zealand version of the model range was known as the Holden Frontera and these were also produced at the Luton facility. The Frontera was Vauxhall's answer to the growing demand for 4X4 vehicles in Europe - particularly the right-hand drive British market - during the 1980s, where Japanese imported products from Daihatsu, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Suzuki and Toyota had proven hugely successful, not to mention the success of the long-running British Land Rover and Range Rover. Despite the vast and growing competition in the 4X4 market, the Frontera sold well throughout Europe.

The early cars (to 1995) had a choice of engines, with the LWB available with either a 2.4-liter petrol (C24NE) engine (developed in the Opel Manta i240) or the 2.3-liter diesel (23DTR) engine originally fitted in the Bedford CF van and Vauxhall Carlton. The Frontera sport (Isuzu Amigo) was available with the 2.0-liter petrol Vauxhall Cavalier engine (C20NE).

In 1995, the model went through a facelift and the Frontera received rear coil springs and a new line up of engines. The SWB gained a new 2.0-liter petrol (X20 series) engine, updated trim, and also the first diesel engine available for the SWB, the 2.8-liter (4JB1-TC). The LWB also had new engines, with the 2.2-liter petrol (X22SE) and the 2.8 diesel 4JB1-TC being made available.

In the 1996–1997 models interior trim, including the dashboard, was changed, and a new 2.5-liter diesel (VM41) engine was fitted. This engine was also used in the Range Rover Classic and Jeep Cherokee in the UK.

A redesign took place in 1998, and the Frontera was produced in Britain for a total of 13 years until it was finally discontinued in 2004.

 * Australasia

In October 1995, Holden of Australia and New Zealand introduced the MU under the Holden "Frontera" badge in Australia and Holden "Wizard" badge in New Zealand. Designated the UT or M7 series, the Holden was based on the three-door body and manufactured in the United Kingdom. It was offered in one level of trim, the "Sport 4×4", offered solely with a manual transmission.

Jiangling (Jiangling Motors Corporation Limited) Landwind in China produces a copy of the Isuzu Rodeo for the Chinese market. It is the first SUV to fail the Euro NCAP crash tests. The Landwind is based on the first generation Rodeo although there was no collaboration between JMC and Isuzu or GM. While the Landwind looks like the Rodeo it is not an Isuzu vehicle.
 * Asia

For the Thai market, the MU Wizard was sold as the Isuzu Cameo (1993–1996) and Isuzu Vega (1999–2004) in Thailand. The Cameo using a 2.5-liter 4JA1 diesel direct injection engine, producing 90 PS at 3,900 rpm and the maximum torque of 17.8 kgm at 1,800 rpm came standard. The transmission was 5-speed manual with rear wheel drive only. The equipment is the same as in the TF and the only body style available is a five-door wagon. In 1999, Isuzu Thailand decided to have a major change for Cameo and gave it new name Vega, equipped with four-wheel drive only. Exterior differences from Cameo including the new frontal design, halogen headlights, 15-inch wheels with 265/70R15 tires and the spare wheel on the back door. It was introduced with 2.8-liter engine 4JB1-T and the brand new 3.0-liter 4JH1-T turbodiesel, producing 120 PS at 3,800 rpm and maximum torque of 24.5 kgm at 2,000 rpm, because of the development of the CCI (ISUZU Computer Controlled Injection) and HPI (ISUZU High Pressure Fuel Injection). In addition, it connected with a choice of 5-speed manual and "Technomatics" 4-speed automatic controlled by the TCM system (Transmission Control Module). The driver can manually choose style of driving by "Normal mode" and "Power mode".

Second generation (1998)

In September 1997, the second-generation MU (three-door) and Wizard (five-door; now with "MU" prefix dropped) were shown at the Tokyo Motor Show, with Japanese sales starting May 1998. North American and European sales began shortly thereafter.

In 2004, Isuzu added the optional 3.5-liter V6 gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine with 250 hp and 246 lbft of torque. Isuzu was the first to offer (GDI) in a vehicle priced under US$100,000. The Rodeo weighs in at a little over 3800 lb, with an EPA estimated gas mileage for 2007 of 16 mpgus city and 22 mpgus highway for the two wheel drive model, and 15 mpgus city and 20 mpgus highway for the four wheel drive model.

The second generation Isuzu Rodeo and its twin, the Honda Passport received a rating of "marginal" in the IIHS frontal offset test conducted at 40 mph due to a possible injury to the right leg and the head, but dummy movement was reasonably well controlled.

Markets

 * North America

The Amigo made a comeback in the US for 1998 after a three-year hiatus with the second generation model alongside the redesigned Rodeo. The Amigo was originally only available only as a soft top with a five-speed transmission. Standard rear-mounted spare tire, ABS, and removable sunroof rounded out the feature set. Fender flares and special 16-inch wheels were available on the V6 and 4WD models. The Rodeo could also be optioned with a rear-mounted spare tire and its own 16-inch wheels on higher trim packages.

A new 2.2-liter X22SE engine built by Holden in Australia served as the base engine. Isuzu also offered the 205 hp 6VD1 V6 that produced 214 lbft of torque at 3000 rpm. Fuel consumption is an estimated 22 mpgus highway. From a technical perspective, the Rodeo and Amigo were built with a rigid frame that has eight crossmembers. Front suspension has independent lower and upper arms, with a solid rear axle. The Rodeo and Amigo 4WD models came with a modified Dana 44 rear axle and push-button four-wheel drive. They also had a traditional floor mounted lever for switching from high- to low-range. Underneath, both vehicles came with protective skid plates as a standard feature.

The North American Isuzu Amigo and Isuzu Rodeo were built at the Subaru Isuzu Automotive, Inc. assembly plant in Lafayette, Indiana.

 * 1998: Second generation Rodeo and Amigo debut.
 * 1999: The Amigo gains a hardtop version and an optional automatic transmission. The Amigo logo is changed to block letters to better match the Rodeo and other Isuzu models.
 * 2000: The Rodeo and Amigo receive a visual refresh with beefier bumpers, new headlights, tail lights, and grille designs. On the inside, new seats and seat fabrics are introduced. The Amigo gets its own unique grille, light gray bumpers with faux bumper guard, matching light gray fender flares, and black-trimmed headlights. For the five-door Rodeo, adjustable shock absorbers were new this year and 16-inch tires became standard on all models. Cruise control was now standard on V6 Rodeos, and an automatic transmission became standard on the LSE edition. A new Intelligent Suspension Control featuring a dashboard button to adjust shock damping between sport and normal settings became standard on the LSE and optional on LS models. The Honda Passport did not get the adjustable-shock system. A new Ironman package debuted for the LS, marking Isuzu's sponsorship of the Ironman triathlon competition. The package included white or black paint over gray lower body panels, crossbars for the roof rack, and special graphics.
 * 2001: In celebration of Isuzu's 85th anniversary, an Anniversary Edition was added, along with a revised Ironman Package. The Amigo is renamed the Rodeo Sport.
 * 2002: Last model year for Rodeo sales in Canada, as a result of Isuzu withdrawing from Canada after the 2002 model year. This is also the last year for the Honda Passport.
 * 2003: New grille and headlights debut; as well as a revised dash and steering wheel. Last year for the Rodeo Sport. Halfway through the 2003 model year Isuzu switched to the Aisin AW30-40LS automatic transmission. This resulted in 4WD models losing their physical shifter and gaining a dash mounted knob to engage high and low-range.
 * 2004: The Rodeo Sport (three-door model) is discontinued as well as the four-cylinder engine on the Rodeo. However, a new optional 3.5-liter 250 hp engine debuts. Added midyear was a standard tire-pressure monitor.

In October 2010, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recalled 1998–2002 Rodeos, 2002 Isuzu Axioms, and 1998–2002 Honda Passports due to corrosion of the vehicle's frame in the vicinity of the rear suspension. Vehicles without corrosion in the affected area would be treated with an anti-corrosion compound. Vehicles with more severe corrosion would have a reinforcement bracket installed. In some cases, corrosion was so severe that repairs could not be made, resulting in Isuzu and Honda purchasing vehicles from the owners. The final MU rolled of the assembly line on June 5, 2004.

In the United Kingdom, the second generation Isuzu MU and Wizard were sold as the Vauxhall Frontera (five-door) and Vauxhall Frontera Sport (three-door). In continental Europe it was sold as the Opel Frontera (five-door) and Opel Frontera Sport (three-door).
 * Europe

After General Motors took full control over the IBC Vehicles factory in 1998, the Frontera production line was planned to be transferred to General Motors' Vauxhall plant in Ellesmere Port. However, with the closure of the Vauxhall Luton plant the decision to move was reversed. In 1998 the new model series was introduced with a choice of 2.2- petrol, 2.2-liter diesel (X22DTH) and 3.2-liter V6 petrol engines. Further modifications were carried out on the diesel engine post-2001, with the final version to be fitted in the marque being the 2.2-liter (Y22) version. This model met the Euro 3 Emissions standard.

The Frontera was discontinued from production at IBC Luton in 2004 (the final models in the UK were produced in Olympus trim). In Australia and New Zealand, the Holden Frontera was replaced by a Holden badged version of the Chevrolet Captiva model range, while in Europe it was replaced by the Opel Antara, that was also available as a Vauxhall.

title: Isuzu MU


text: Category:Olympic competitors for Laos

title: Category:Olympic competitors for Laos


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Category:Klezmer musicians

Musicians in the Klezmer genre.

title: Category:Klezmer musicians


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Long Tall Sally (EP)

Long Tall Sally is the fifth UK EP release by British rock band the Beatles and the band's first UK EP to include songs not previously released on an album or single in the United Kingdom. (Side 1 had been released in America that April, on The Beatles' Second Album, while Side 2 would be released in July on the North American album Something New.) It was released by Parlophone in mono, with the catalogue number GEP 8913, and released in the United Kingdom on 19 June 1964. It was also released in Spain and France.

The EP includes three cover versions—the title track, "Slow Down" and "Matchbox"—as well as one Lennon-McCartney original, "I Call Your Name", a song originally given to Billy J. Kramer and his backing band, The Dakotas. Kramer had released the song as the B-side of another Lennon-McCartney song, "Bad to Me", which reached number 1 in the UK and number 9 in the US. In 1988, all four of the songs from the EP were included on the compilation album Past Masters, Volume One.

The picture on the EP cover was taken by Robert Freeman, as stated on the back.

Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald:

The Beatles
 * John Lennon – lead vocals, rhythm guitar; lead guitar ("Slow Down")
 * Paul McCartney – bass; lead vocal ("Long Tall Sally")
 * George Harrison – lead and rhythm guitars
 * Ringo Starr – drums; cowbell ("I Call Your Name"); lead vocal ("Matchbox")

Additional personnel
 * George Martin – piano, producer
 * Norman Smith – engineer

Other releases

 * In the United States, the EP was split and released on The Beatles' Second Album ("Long Tall Sally" and "I Call Your Name") and Something New ("Slow Down" and "Matchbox").
 * In Canada, the first two tracks were included on a full-length album of the same name, The Beatles' Long Tall Sally.
 * In 1976, the four tracks on the EP were issued as part of the double album Rock 'n' Roll Music, a collection of 28 Beatles recordings. This marked the UK stereo debut of these tracks on an album.
 * In 1978, the tracks were again included on the UK LP Rarities, first released as part of The Beatles Collection, then individually in the UK, with all four songs appearing in mono. The US version of Rarities featured a different track listing and did not include the Long Tall Sally EP songs, since they had all been previously released on American albums.
 * In 1988, the EP was compiled with the Beatles' singles and released as part of the Past Masters collection, which, when combined with the 12 original British albums plus the American album Magical Mystery Tour, made all of the Beatles' UK releases available on compact disc. Once again, the four songs were in stereo.
 * The EP was reissued in 1992 as part of the 15-disc Compact Disc EP Collection, featuring the songs in their original monophonic sound.
 * In December 2004, Capitol Records issued a four-disc CD boxed set, The Capitol Albums, Volume 1, which included reissues of the first four American Capitol albums on compact disc for the first time. The songs "Long Tall Sally" and "I Call Your Name" were on disc 2 (The Beatles' Second Album), with "Slow Down" and "Matchbox" on disc 3 (Something New). The songs on all four discs were presented in both mono and stereo.
 * In 2009, the Beatles' UK recordings were remastered and reissued again, in both stereo and mono, with both formats available as boxed sets and the former also available as individual releases. The stereo releases included Past Masters, while the mono box set contained a new mono version of the compilation, Mono Masters, making all of the Long Tall Sally tracks available in both formats simultaneously.
 * On 28 November 2014, the EP was reissued in limited numbers to independently owned record stores for Record Store Day.

title: Long Tall Sally (EP)


text: User talk:67.125.169.194

title: User talk:67.125.169.194


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Talk:W. C. Handy

Plagiarism & Copyright Violation
Because it was absent and therefore unclear how or from where the information on the page was originated, the authenticity and veracity of the information contained therein could and therefore was legitimately called into question. It was my opinion that the page as it existed was entirely and wholly plagiarised. There was not one shred of original material, nor did the article add any understanding or history of the subject. Because of those issues, and in accordance with Wikipedia policy on copyright violation, plagiarism and citation, I chose to wholly delete the offending material and completely rewrite the article, citing sources and external links as references. The current article is more fully and completely about the subject, and neither cites personal opinions about the subjects' work as did the previous and original version. The average visitor after reading the article should be able to have at least a fundamental, if not good, understanding of the subject. K. L. Bardon 04:55, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

W.C. Handy was not plagiarized
Dear Kevin Bardon, you have it backwards. The Handy material, originally written by me, appears to have been plagiarized from Wikipedia, not the other way around. The words, concepts, phrasing, everything, is original with me. Such as,

 * His songs don't always follow the classic 12-bar pattern, often having 8- or 16-bar bridges between 12-bar verses and lovely melodies.

 * Handy was a trained musician who used folk material in his compositions. He was scrupulous in documenting the sources of his works, which frequently combined material from several performers. He loved this simple early music. Still, it is unquestioned that he brought his own transforming touch to it.

Maybe you don't like it, but I wrote every word of that, most of while listening to Louis Armstong Plays W.C. Handy. If you want to add additional biographical information to the article, that is fine, but the material I wrote on Handy's artistic accomplishments is going back in. I have a good reputation in Wikipedia. I have originated many articles and contributed to many more. I have been a writer all my life and I don't steal my stuff.

I'm sure you acted sincerely, if precipitately, but you are in error. Sincerely, Tom Parmenter, Ortolan88 05:11, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) PS - By the way, no more personal insults, if you don't mind. Tom P.

 * I have watched the development of this page for over 2 years and have made a few contributions to it here or there. It is most certainly not a copyright violation. (And if it were, Kevin L. Bardon, you are going about challenging it in the wrong way; see Copyright problems.) As Wikipedia text is released under GFDL, there are many mirrors of Wikipedia articles. Mr. Bardon, I'll assume the best of intentions from you, and I can see that you've added some good new information here, but your mode of attack here is a bit of a problem. You need to improve the existing article (which was not bad) rather than scrapping it. Also, you have made a number of awkward mistakes (as is not uncommon for new users)-- but some of these have thrown off the usability of the article, for example, do not use html, and your attempt at external links are formated in a way that makes them not so-- try clicking on them and see. Review the info on such pages as Welcome, newcomers and the Manual of Style for writing and editing tips. If some of the worst of the problems you inadvertently put into the article aren't fixed soon, I'm going to revert this article-- understand that your work will still be in the page history, so you can access anything you did that should be properly readded to the article. Sorry if I sound abrupt here... but, well, so did you in the above comments. Let's take a deep breath, remember Civility, and collaborate on improving the article. Best wishes, -- Infrogmation 07:27, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thank you, Kevin L. Bardon, for your much good work adding new information here. I've gone over the article and I think taken care of the markup problems. I also readded some info from the older version that I thought should go back in, such as the link to Black Swan Records, and noting that Handy was not the first to publish a 12 bar blues (which perhaps is a point that could be expanded on). Some of this might be more smoothly integrated into the narrative than it is now. If you have any questions about any of my edits, please feel free to ask. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 20:27, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the interesting clarification of the link (or actually lack of one) between Handy and Black Swan. I didn't know that-- and it seems that a number of discographies and writings about early 20th century US record labels have wrong info on that point. Recordially, -- Infrogmation 18:40, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Cleanup
I did some stylistic cleanups on the article. It is a good article — I found it educational — but it still seems to have some problems with organization and flow. I would help some more, but I'm supposed to be busy with term papers this week. —LonelyPilgrim 20:05, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Especially since there have been plagerism allegations - you need to cite your sources for facts stated
One reference at the bottom is not enough. It looks too much like original research WP:OR which is forbidden by Wikipedia. Please check WP:V and WP:CITE to reference your article for the sake of its credibility. Thanks. Mattisse(talk) 02:10, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

The St. Louis Blues
A proposal is currently ongoing to move the article on the hockey team currently at St. Louis Blues (hockey) to St. Louis Blues, currently a disambiguation. Anyone wishing to state an opinion on the matter may do so at Talk:St._Louis_Blues_%28hockey%29. -- Infrogmation 22:36, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Longstanding problems with OR
As most of the article consists of quotes from two editions of Handy's autobiography, it appears to be an example of OR - original research. Rather than relying on what scholars have written about Handy, editors have made their own choices of numerous quotes from his autobiography to describe his life in his words - he is the subject and this is a primary source. This ends up being mostly his own account of his development, not per WIKI policy of using reliable, third-party sources ABOUT a subject.Parkwells (talk) 23:41, 26 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The OR problem should be fixed, since the article persists in perpetuating the self-promoting myth from Handy's autobiography that he is somehow "the father of the blues". Trilobitealive (talk) 02:34, 9 September 2014 (UTC)

One source would be, W.C. Handy : the life and times of the man who made the blues, which I just returned to the library. Steve Pastor (talk) 19:27, 9 September 2014 (UTC)

There are 2 books and a journal article listed in Further reading. Perhaps they could supply inline citations. They are not cited now. - -Prairieplant (talk) 23:00, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

There are 2 books and a journal article listed in Further reading. Perhaps they could supply inline citations. They are not cited now. - -Prairieplant (talk) 23:00, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:W. C. Handy


text:
Gun moll

A gun moll or gangster moll or gangster's moll is the female companion of a male professional criminal. "Gun" was British slang for thief, derived from Yiddish ganef, from the Hebrew gannāb (גנב). "Moll" is also used as a euphemism for a woman prostitute.

Notable examples
Prominent, true-life gun molls (and the men they were associated with) include:

 * Beulah Baird – Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd

 * Jean Delaney (Crompton) – Tommy Carroll
 * Phoolan Devi – Indian dacoit, gun moll of Vikram Mallah, later turned into the gang leader after his death
 * Victoria DiGiorgio Gotti – John Gotti
 * Judith Exner – an American woman who claimed to be the mistress of U.S. president John F. Kennedy and of Mafia leaders Sam Giancana and John Roselli
 * Evelyn "Billie" Frechette – John Dillinger
 * Buda Godman (Helen Julia Godman; 1888–1945) – John Homer T. ("Dapper Jackie") French, member of the Lou Blonger Gang of Denver. A photo of Buda holding a gun is found in Philip S. Van Cise's Fighting the Underworld.
 * Catherine Greig – James Whitey Bulger
 * Maria Victoria Henao – Pablo Escobar
 * Karen Hill – Henry Hill
 * Virginia Hill – Bugsy Siegel
 * Mary Kinder (née Mary Northern; 1909–1981) – Harry Pierpont
 * Opal "Mack Truck" Long – Russell Clark
 * Edna Murray – wife of "Diamond Joe" Sullivan, who was executed for murder in 1924. She then married Jack Murray, who was imprisoned for 25 years in 1925. She then lived with Volney Davis, until they were both arrested for kidnapping in 1935.
 * Mary O'Dare – Raymond Hamilton
 * Bonnie Parker – Clyde Barrow
 * Geraldine "Geri" McGee Rosenthal – Frank Rosenthal
 * Kathryn Thorne (née Cleo May Brooks; 1904–1985) – George "Machine Gun" Kelly
 * Helen Gillis (née Wawzynak; 1908–1987) – George "Baby Face" Nelson
 * Kiki Roberts - Legs Diamond

title: Gun moll


text:
First-party

First-party may refer to:

 * First-party developer
 * First-party audit

title: First-party


text:
Louis Sherman

Louis Sherman may refer to:

 * Bud Sherman (Louis Ralph Sherman, 1926–2015), politician in Manitoba, Canada
 * Louis Sherman (Pennsylvania politician), former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
 * Louis Sherman (bishop) (1886–1953), Anglican bishop in Canada
 * Lou Sherman (1914-2001), politician in London, England

title: Louis Sherman


text:
Talk:Gun moll

VfD
from VfD:

Dictdef. --fvw *  04:54, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC) end moved discussion
 * Yes, but isn't there potential? The term is pretty specific to a period (roughly 1920s-1940s, I think). I'm guessing that there could be a good article on its etymology, on the cultural stereotype, etc. Keep, someone should write a real article here. -- Jmabel | Talk 09:40, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary, unless someone can do some significant fleshing out. Otherwise keep.  Were there any notable gun molls about whom we should write?  Was there an important gun moll culture?  Was there more to the stereotype than a sentence or two appropriate for a dictdef?  --TenOfAllTrades 15:16, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Concur. Edeans 00:17, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I would also vote to transwiki but the same article is [already in Wiktionary []. This orphaned article looks like a leftover which did not get properly closed out at the end of the transwiki process (the missed step being to delete the original after it's been transwiki'd).  Rossami (talk) 21:22, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete it. Wyss 22:08, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Request expansion and keep. Samaritan 23:38, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep I think it can be expanded. -[[User:Ld|Ld | talk]] 23:53, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, has potential for expansion. Megan1967 23:57, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Dan100 10:49, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. User:VoltageX or split definition and culture info

Lead section, esp. "Gun ..." etymology
The idea that the "gun" in gun moll comes from the word meaning "firearm" appears to be incorrect. It seems to be fairly universally accepted that it derives from "gonnif" or "ganef", a Yiddish borrowing itself meaning "thief". --Silverandcold 04:46, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The ref given supports that, but the wording
 * Gun is an obsolete English slang word,[1] deriving from "ganef",[2]
 * while apparently accurate, suggests and almost implies that firearms are called guns because firearms are used by thieves. The wording also leaves it hard to believe that the term did not originate in the US, even tho none of the 4 entries says it did, and 2 insist it arose in the UK. "Yiddish borrowing" is ambiguous between source and recipient. Finally, part of the problem arises from trying to say more than is needed about the intermediate etymology.
 * My rewording, pretty much complete, in spite of keeping some phrases intact:
 * A gun moll is a female companion of male professional criminal, and in some contexts the term more specifically suggests that the gun moll handles a firearm.
 * When the term arose, in the first decade of the 20th century, the "gun" portion came ultimately from the Yiddish word, meaning "thief", that is variously transliterated into English as ganef, gonif, goniff, or ganof , and not from "gun" in the sense of firearm.
 * The "moll" portion derives from Molly, a diminutive of Mary, used as a euphemism for whore or prostitute.
 * In the U.S., the term has mostly been applied a woman associating with an American gangster of the 1920s to '30s, and in most cases remarkable only because of his notoriety. Extended use of the term without awareness of the Yiddish root, however, has invited interpretations of "gun" as suggesting more than simply criminal associations. Bonnie Parker and Blanche Barrow were gun molls in this stronger sense, and especially notable examples in general, because of their accompanying the rest of the Barrow Gang to the planned locations of violent crimes, and in Parker's case, apparently directly assisting at least to the extent of loading guns in the midst of shootouts.
 * --Jerzy•t 07:52, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Isn't the more widely used term "Gangster moll"? I was under the impression that gun moll was a rather obscure term. Shouldn't the main article therefore be headed "gangster moll"?124.197.15.138 (talk) 05:22, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Related terms
The definition of Gunsel on this page is wrong.
 * Gunsel (noun)
 * 1. A young man kept for homosexual purposes; a catamite.
 * 2. (street and prison slang) A passive partner in anal intercourse.

A lot of people think that Gunsel means something more like a hired gun, or a young gun carrying thug because of Hammet's use of the word in the novel "The Maltese Falcon", but that was just a joke on the censors. Hammet knew what the word meant.

I'm deleting Gunsel from the main page because of this and its lack of anything whatsoever to do with the term "Gun Moll" See the wiktionary link for further information on the term Gunsel. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gunsel

Shelshula (talk) 02:10, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

Origins
It currently that that "In the U.S., the term has mostly been applied to a woman associating with an American gangster of the 1920s and 1930s, and in most cases remarkable only because of his notoriety". But isn't the term essentially only a US name anyway? The article implies that the term is international, with a narrower definition in the USA.Royalcourtier (talk) 05:30, 16 February 2014 (UTC)

Precise Definition
Part of what intrigues me about this term is the wild ambiguity of it. For example, could Princess Leia be called the "gun moll" of Han Solo? In the movie Mr. & Mrs. Smith, is Jane John's "gun moll"? Would Patricia Hearst, under the name Tania, have been the "gun moll" of men in the SLA? According to some versions of the legend, Guinevere kept Excalibur safe for King Arthur for years, so would that make her his "gun moll"? Was Lady Macbeth the "gun moll" of Macbeth? First of all, it's not obvious to me that the weaponry literally needs to be "guns" if the relationship is the same, because the term is clearly about a relationship (in a way, Guinevere is closer to the relationship than the others mentioned). More importantly, though, at what level of empowerment does the female stop being a "gun moll" and start being a woman warrior in her own right? I chose these examples to be questionable, to call attention to the fact that the term needs a far more precise definition. Isn't the term rife with patriarchal assumptions about the supposed "frailty" or "weakness" of women, who supposed only could assist the "more powerful" man, and never be fierce or threatening in their own right? If such patriarchy is part and parcel of the term, shouldn't this be explicitly addressed in the article? Surely there are some academic feminist writings on the topic! Lapisphil (talk) 05:00, 3 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gun moll


text:
User:Hemanshu/bla

Hello

Special:Recentchangeslinked&target=User:Hemanshu

title: User:Hemanshu/bla


text:
Jackson Township

Jackson Township may refer to the following places:

Arkansas

 * Jackson Township, Boone County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Calhoun County, Arkansas, in Calhoun County, Arkansas, defunct
 * Jackson Township, Cleveland County, Arkansas, in Cleveland County, Arkansas, defunct
 * Jackson Township, Crittenden County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Dallas County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Little River County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Monroe County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Nevada County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Newton County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Pope County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Randolph County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Sharp County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, Union County, Arkansas
 * Jackson Township, White County, Arkansas

Illinois

 * Jackson Township, Effingham County, Illinois
 * Jackson Township, Will County, Illinois

Indiana

 * Jackson Township, Allen County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Bartholomew County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Blackford County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Boone County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Brown County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Carroll County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Cass County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Clay County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Clinton County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Dearborn County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Decatur County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, DeKalb County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Dubois County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Elkhart County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Fayette County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Fountain County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Greene County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Hancock County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Harrison County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Howard County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Huntington County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Jackson County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Jay County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Kosciusko County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Madison County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Miami County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Morgan County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Newton County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Orange County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Owen County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Parke County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Porter County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Putnam County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Randolph County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Ripley County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Rush County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Shelby County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Spencer County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Starke County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Steuben County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Sullivan County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Washington County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Wayne County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, Wells County, Indiana
 * Jackson Township, White County, Indiana

Iowa

 * Jackson Township, Adair County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Benton County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Boone County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Bremer County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Butler County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Calhoun County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Clarke County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Crawford County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Des Moines County, Iowa, in Des Moines County
 * Jackson Township, Greene County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Guthrie County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Hardin County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Harrison County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Henry County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Jackson County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Jones County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Keokuk County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Lee County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Linn County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Lucas County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Madison County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Monroe County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Poweshiek County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Sac County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Shelby County, Iowa, in Shelby County
 * Jackson Township, Taylor County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Van Buren County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Warren County, Iowa, in Warren County
 * Jackson Township, Washington County, Iowa, in Washington County
 * Jackson Township, Wayne County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Webster County, Iowa
 * Jackson Township, Winneshiek County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Jackson Township, Anderson County, Kansas
 * Jackson Township, Edwards County, Kansas
 * Jackson Township, Geary County, Kansas
 * Jackson Township, Jewell County, Kansas
 * Jackson Township, Lyon County, Kansas
 * Jackson Township, McPherson County, Kansas
 * Jackson Township, Osborne County, Kansas, in Osborne County, Kansas
 * Jackson Township, Riley County, Kansas, in Riley County, Kansas
 * Jackson Township, Sumner County, Kansas, in Sumner County, Kansas

Minnesota

 * Jackson Township, Scott County, Minnesota

Missouri

 * Jackson Township, Andrew County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Buchanan County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Callaway County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Camden County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Carter County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Clark County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Clinton County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Dallas County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Daviess County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Douglas County, Missouri, in Douglas County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Gentry County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Grundy County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Jasper County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Johnson County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Linn County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Livingston County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Macon County, Missouri, in Macon County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Maries County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Monroe County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Nodaway County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Osage County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Ozark County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Polk County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Putnam County, Missouri, in Putnam County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Randolph County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Reynolds County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, St. Clair County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Shannon County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Shelby County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Sullivan County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Texas County, Missouri
 * Jackson Township, Webster County, Missouri

New Jersey

 * Jackson Township, New Jersey

North Carolina

 * Jackson Township, Nash County, North Carolina, in Nash County, North Carolina
 * Jackson Township, Northampton County, North Carolina, in Northampton County, North Carolina
 * Jackson Township, Union County, North Carolina, in Union County, North Carolina

North Dakota

 * Jackson Township, Sargent County, North Dakota, in Sargent County, North Dakota

Ohio

 * Jackson Township, Allen County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Ashland County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Auglaize County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Brown County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Champaign County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Clermont County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Coshocton County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Crawford County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Darke County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Franklin County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Guernsey County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Hancock County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Hardin County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Highland County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Jackson County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Knox County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Mahoning County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Monroe County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Montgomery County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Muskingum County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Noble County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Paulding County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Perry County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Pickaway County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Pike County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Preble County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Putnam County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Richland County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Sandusky County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Seneca County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Shelby County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Stark County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Union County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Van Wert County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Vinton County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Wood County, Ohio
 * Jackson Township, Wyandot County, Ohio

Pennsylvania

 * Jackson Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, Venango County, Pennsylvania
 * Jackson Township, York County, Pennsylvania

South Dakota

 * Jackson Township, Charles Mix County, South Dakota, in Charles Mix County, South Dakota
 * Jackson Township, Sanborn County, South Dakota, in Sanborn County, South Dakota

title: Jackson Township


text:
King's Landing

King's Landing can refer to:

 * King's Landing (A Song of Ice and Fire), capital of the fictional continent of Westeros in the George R. R. Martin fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire and the derived TV series Game of Thrones
 * King's Landing, luxury condominium in Toronto which houses the Walter Carsen Centre and was designed by Arthur Erickson
 * Kings Landing Historical Settlement, historic area in New Brunswick, Canada

title: King's Landing


text:
RDI Video Systems

RDI Video Systems (Rick Dyer Industries) was a video game company founded by Rick Dyer originally as Advanced Microcomputer Systems, and was well known for its Laserdisc video games, beginning with the immensely popular Dragon's Lair. The company went bankrupt shortly after releasing the Halcyon gaming console.

Games

 * Zzyzzyxx (1982)
 * Dragon's Lair (1983)
 * Space Ace (1984)
 * Thayer's Quest (1984) (Released first for the Halcyon, and later in arcades)
 * Raiders vs. Chargers (1985) (Released first for the Halcyon, and later in arcades as NFL Football)
 * Orpheus, not released
 * The Spirits of Whittier Mansion, not released
 * The Shadow of the Stars, not released
 * Voyage to the New World, not released
 * Dallas vs. Washington, not released

title: RDI Video Systems


text: Category talk:Government of Chicago

title: Category talk:Government of Chicago


text:
Litchfield Hills

The Litchfield Hills (also known as the Northwest Hills or Northwest Highlands) are a geographic region of the U.S. state of Connecticut located in the northwestern corner of the state. It is roughly coterminous with the boundaries of Litchfield County, for which it is named. The geographic region includes colloquial subregions—rural Northwestern Connecticut and the area associated with the city of Torrington, also known as the Upper Naugatuck River Valley or simply Litchfield Hills—which have also variously corresponded to designated government councils both past and present. Much of the area makes up the lowermost section of the Berkshires and is culturally similar to the rest of western New England.

Towns and cities

 * Barkhamsted
 * Burlington
 * Canaan
 * Colebrook
 * Cornwall
 * Goshen
 * Hartland
 * Harwinton
 * Kent
 * Litchfield
 * Morris
 * New Hartford
 * Norfolk
 * North Canaan
 * Roxbury
 * Salisbury
 * Sharon
 * Torrington
 * Warren
 * Washington
 * Winchester

Characteristics
The Litchfield hills are known for their distinct rural scenery, which can stand in contrast to central and southern Connecticut, which is largely urbanized or suburbanized. (However, there is some encroachment of development into the region as people from greater Hartford move west and people from New York City, northern New Jersey, and parts of Fairfield County move north.) This region is a key part of the Housatonic River and Farmington River watersheds, and encompasses a number of Connecticut's highest peaks, such as Bear Mountain and Canaan Mountain. Most of the region comprises forested and rocky hills with farmland and small towns interspersed in the flatter areas. The terrain in the Litchfield Hills area varies from gently rolling to the south and east to more mountainous toward the north and west. The region generally experiences colder temperatures due to higher elevation. The Litchfield Hills, like the rest of Northwest Connecticut, are known for their town greens, fall foliage, and historical architecture. The hills comprise the southernmost portion of the Berkshires. This region also plays host to a large portion of the state's small vineyard and wine industry. Historically, the region was well known for the limestone, iron, and dairy industries.

A unique term to the region is the word "raggie". Used as an insult by some and with a sense of local pride by others, the term "raggie" denotes someone with a lower income and approximates the term "white trash". The term probably originated from iron workers from Mount Riga in Salisbury. These workers were often poor immigrants who wore grubby clothes as a result of their work. After the iron works closed down, the workers moved to Norfolk, Winsted, and Torrington, and the name stuck. The term "raggie" is rarely, if ever, heard elsewhere.

Northwestern Connecticut

The towns included in the Northwestern Connecticut region are: Canaan, Cornwall, Kent, North Canaan, Roxbury, Salisbury, Sharon, Warren, Washington. Unlike the rest of Connecticut, the portion of Northwestern Connecticut around the upper Housatonic River contains more alkaline soils due to the underlying limestone. The flatter regions around the Housatonic River provide some of the best soils for farming in Litchfield County.

Due to the rural feel of the area, the region is an extremely popular location for second homes, primarily with New York City residents. The hills are rural enough to offer an escape from city life, yet close enough (less than 90 miles) to visit on weekends. Many visitors also arrive in the autumn to witness the fall foliage, and to visit the region's covered bridges or its many waterfalls.

The area has been and continues to be home to many famous or wealthy residents, including Mia Farrow, Meryl Streep, Dustin Hoffman, Denis Leary, Kevin Bacon, This region is very similar to portions of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, which lies just to the north.

Northwestern Connecticut is known for its cultural activities, such as chamber performances at Music Mountain in Canaan and a wide array of art galleries. The region is also home to preparatory schools, such as the Hotchkiss School, Kent School, Marvelwood School, and The Gunnery.

Litchfield Hills
The Litchfield Hills region is also known as the Upper Naugatuck Valley and consists of the towns of Barkhamsted, Bethlehem, Colebrook, Goshen, Hartland, Harwinton, Litchfield, Morris, New Hartford, Norfolk, Torrington, and Winchester. The Litchfield Hills feel a stronger pull toward industry than Northwestern Connecticut, with manufacturing centering on the Naugatuck River in Torrington and Mad River in Winsted. Historically, brass, needles, scythes, and other products were manufactured in the area. However, the rural areas still retain industries such as dairy, vineyards, and stone. This region is sometimes included with the Naugatuck River Valley.

Originally settled in the mid 18th century as agriculturally based towns, the areas with access to flowing water began to develop industries in the 19th century. As the Midwest opened up to settlement, many farmers headed west in search of better farming opportunities. Among these included the John Brown family, originally from Torrington. Some notable areas settled by people from the Litchfield Hills include the Western Reserve of Ohio and Torrington, Wyoming. Around the time industry became important in the area, many immigrants came to work in the factories. Many of the immigrants in the Litchfield Hills area came from Italy, Ireland, Lebanon, Poland, and Slovakia. Later in the 20th century, many of these industries declined or relocated, producing conditions similar to the Midwestern rust belt, but on a smaller scale. Today, tourism remains an important industry for the Litchfield Hills.

The eastern towns, including Hartland, Barkhamsted, and New Hartford contain large water supply reservoirs to the city of Hartford.

Culturally, the Litchfield Hills are politically more conservative than the rest of Connecticut, with Litchfield County being the only county in the state to vote for George W. Bush in the 2004 election. The region contains its own section in the Waterbury Republican-American, which covers local events and news. The region is also split between allegiance to the New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox, with the southwestern part of the region generally supporting the Yankees and northeastern part of the region generally supporting the Red Sox.

Notable people

 * Ethan Allen, Revolutionary War hero and leader of the Vermont Republic
 * Ira Allen, leader of the Vermont Republic
 * Henry Ward Beecher, Congregational minister and abolitionist
 * Lyman Beecher, Congregational minister
 * John Brown, abolitionist
 * Lorenzo Carter, pioneer in the Western Reserve
 * Thomas Chittenden, governor of Vermont
 * Jonathan Edwards (the younger), Congregational minister, Native American linguist, and abolitionist
 * Charles Finney, Presbyterian minister and revivalist
 * Madeleine L'Engle, author
 * Elam Luddington, Mormon missionary
 * Seth MacFarlane, cartoonist
 * Michael J. McGivney, founder of the Knights of Columbus
 * Admiral Charles B. McVay III, captain of the USS Indianapolis (CA-35) at the end of World War II
 * Samuel John Mills, Congregational missionary
 * Ralph Nader, politician
 * Henry Obookiah, Hawaiian native instrumental in founding the Foreign Mission School
 * Tapping Reeve, lawyer and educator
 * Thomas Robbins, Congregational minister and librarian
 * John Sedgwick, Civil War commander
 * Harriet Beecher Stowe, writer and abolitionist
 * Sergio Troncoso, novelist of Kent-inspired Nobody's Pilgrims
 * Oliver Wolcott, politician

title: Litchfield Hills


text: User talk:66.48.181.65

title: User talk:66.48.181.65


text:
Talk:Chemical weapon proliferation

Untitled
Your list doesn't include the declared state Albania or the "unnamed state party" thought to be South Korea. Also it needs to link to the Weapons of Mass destruction series with information on the U.S., Russia, etc. Rmhermen 05:04, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Its a work in progress - don't worry. It'll all be in there. -- ClockworkSoul 05:25, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Would it be controversial to state in the table that iraq (currently) has no chemical weapons (at this moment in time)?

 * IIRC Belgium has or has had (captured or no) stockpiles of vast quantities of chemical weapons left over from WWI which they have had some difficulty in dealing with. It might be interesting to research how far along destruction of these weapons is, or if they are currently all gone. It might also be interesting to check northern france, where there might be some quantity of chemical shells recovered from the ground.

 * Belgium: Dismantling World War I chemical weapons
 * Chemical weapons from World War I are still found in Belgium today. Typically a farmer encounters ammunition from World War I, and puts it by the roadside where the military pick it up. It then is transported to an army installation (DOVO, Service Explosive Ordnance Disposal) in Poelkapelle, Belgium, where the ammunition is dismantled. According to the web site of the military, about 150 tons is picked up yearly. About 300 tons is destroyed annually. The amount destroyed is larger than the amount picked up because there's a stockpile of ammunition waiting to be destroyed. The dismantling facility started up in 2000; in 2005 the 10.000th artillery shell was destroyed. Some references (in Dutch, use Google translate): DOVO army website: http://www.mil.be/armycomp/units/index.asp?LAN=nl&FILE=&ID=559&PAGE=3&MENU=602 Newspaper article: http://kw.knack.be/west-vlaanderen/nieuws/algemeen/ontploffing-in-ontmantelingsinstallatie-dovo-poelkapelle-geen-chemische-stoffen-ontsnapt/article-4000169623386.htm See also Dutch language wikipedia: "http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOVO_%28legeronderdeel%29#Voornaamste_opdrachten" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.228.71.21 (talk) 10:31, 12 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Pictures: http://www.mil.be/armycomp/gall/index.asp?LAN=nl&FILE=gall&ID=275314&PAGE=1 pdf: http://ftp.rta.nato.int/public//PubFullText/RTO/TR/RTO-TR-AVT-115///TR-AVT-115-ANN-B-Files/TR-AVT-115-ANN-B-18.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.228.71.21 (talk) 10:49, 12 September 2013 (UTC)

Kim Bruning 09:39, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I must note that while this is a "work in progress", the "citation needed" for the Syria section are numerous and have been, presumably, in place since at least 2005. One must also consider that the Syrian section contains by far the largest number of unattributed statements of any country. Given the current political climate and the relevancy of the chemical weapons topic on this date, the credibility of the article is likely to be called into question without citations. If these are factual statments, let's see the attribution boys and girls.

Renglish (talk) 07:44, 30 August 2013 (UTC)

Syria officially Acceded to the CWC Today
This needs to be known.50.157.103.28 (talk) 18:32, 14 October 2013 (UTC)

Table
The table is edited from Template:CW Proliferation. It needs to be updated and citations should be added. Unsourced material may be removed. Erlbaeko (talk)

Serbia and Montenegro
Part deleted ''There have been allegations that CW were used in the area of the former Yugoslavia: both Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats alleged that Bosnian government forces used chlorine during the conflict in Bosnia; Bosnian Serbs allegedly used BZ against Moslem refugees in July 1995; and the FRY Army may have used BZ against Kosovo Albanians in 1999. Mysterious deaths during the 1999 NATO bombings of suspected chemical facilities have also been attributed to CW production.'' I've deleted this part of the chapter because it holds serious allegations without any source cited (let alone credible source).

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Evaluation
I have noticed several of your countries are missing citations and resources (ex. Libya). I have also noticed that this article talks about which countries have chemical weapons and does not go into depth about the topic as a whole I feel it could be improved with more general information about the topic. MSherman (talk) 02:41, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

Russian chemical weapon stock
It is worth noting that the OPCW declared the completion of the destruction of Russia's stockpile om 10th October 2017 (https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2017/10/opcw-marks-completion-destruction-russian-chemical-weapons-stockpile) Acorn897 (talk) 02:20, 11 January 2019 (UTC)

Combining stockpile data
There's a 2018 merge proposal aiming to consolidate Chemical weapon with Chemical weapon proliferation. That seems reasonable. While the current section does link the proliferation page with a 'main' template, it seems that consolidating all the material in one place would be better for readers, as there is helpful material split between locations. Klbrain (talk) 06:57, 3 September 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 21:06, 28 December 2019 (UTC)

U.S.A. Complete Destruction of CW Stockpiles
As of July 7th, 2023, the United States of America no longer declares any stockpiles of chemical agents.

Review should be given, and third-party sources should be encouraged before changes are made. However, this page is sorely out of date, and in need of attention. 殴打金 (talk) 19:36, 9 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Special note on sources: Most credible third-party bodies (United Nations, "Chemical Weapons Convention" or CWC) may be useful when assessing current declared stockpiles, but may be inadequate for 'Suspected' or 'Possible' cases.
 * Here are some U.S.A.-based reports, published by the Department of State:
 * "2023 Condition (10)(C)" (abbreviated)
 * "Adherence to and Compliance with Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Disarmament Agreements and Commitments" (Note: file is hosted as a .pdf file only on the "state.gov" site.) 殴打金 (talk) 20:59, 9 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chemical weapon proliferation


text: Category:Mexican models

title: Category:Mexican models


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Talk:METRO

Disambiguation issue: the same name covers the transit and sewer system in King County, Washington and I bet there are others. Right now theirs is at Metro Transit (Seattle), which isn't really right: the capitalization is wrong, and it's a county, not a city, system.

Would there be any objection to turning this into a disambiguation page? Any other proposals? -- Jmabel | Talk 05:07, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * No one has responded; consider this notice that unless I hear from someone, I intend to do this. -- Jmabel | Talk 07:25, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

SEWERS?? -Uagehry456talk 21:44, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:METRO


text:
Robert Banman

Robert David "Bob" Banman (born January 10, 1945 in Winnipeg, Manitoba ) is a politician from Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1973 to 1986, and served as a cabinet minister in the government of Sterling Lyon.

The son of Jacob G. Banman and Barbara Enns, he was raised in Steinbach, Manitoba. He worked as an automobile dealer after graduating from high school and was on the Steinbach Town Council from 1970 to 1973. In 1968, Banman married Joanne Baerg.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1973 Manitoba general election, defeating incumbent Liberal Leonard Barkman by about 550 votes in the rural riding of La Verendrye. He was re-elected in the 1977 election, which was won by the Conservatives under Sterling Lyon.

Banman was named Minister of Industry and Commerce and Manitoba Minister of Tourism, Recreation and Cultural Affairs|Minister of Tourism, Recreation and Cultural Affairs on October 24, 1977, also holding responsibility for the Manitoba Development Corporation Act. Following a cabinet shuffle on October 20, 1978, he was named Minister of Fitness, Recreation and Sport and Minister of Cooperative Development, with responsibility for the MDCA. On November 15, 1979, he was also named responsible for the Communities Economic Development Fund and the Manitoba Lotteries Corporation Act (which was retitled the Manitoba Lotteries and Gaming Control Act on January 16, 1981). As Industry Minister, he considered privatizing the government-owned company McKenzie Seeds.

The Progressive Conservatives were defeated in the provincial election of 1981, but Banman was re-elected in his own riding by 3,269 votes. He did not run for a fourth term as MLA in 1986.

title: Robert Banman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Precision Machining of the Ozarks

Precision Machining of the Ozarks
Precision Machining of the Ozarks was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

Vanity. Only entry by user. Non notable company. Sortior 05:08, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, of course. Cdc 15:27, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, spam, borderline speedy. Wyss 22:05, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with "Precision Spam Deletion of Wikipedia" (i.e., delete).  Edeans 00:27, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)/Archive 1

We can not link to NYTimes, as they require registration. Taw 20:19 27 May 2003 (UTC)

Sure we can. --The Cunctator

The NYT is very clearly a biased source on the subject. If you must give links, try a source that isn't openly advocating one side of this issue (like Reuters, for example). --A Person

All sources are very clearly biased. If you think that there should be other links, then you should contribute them. --The Cunctator

 * On a philosphical level you're right, but the statement 'All sources' obscures the fact that some might be more closely associated with the protagonists than others.2toise 14:11, 8 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I don't care now about biases of NYT, but it's impossible to read these articles without registration (well, everyone on /. knows certain tricks, but ...), so people unwilling to register (and experience would suggest that's the majority) are unable to read it. Unless NYT is the only source that exists, I would seriously suggest linking to some other paper. Taw 17:40 6 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Welllll...you can just put in any old fake info to "register". It's more of an annoyance than anything else. Of course the other problem with NYT links is that they usually stop working after a couple of months, then you have to pay to access the archive. If someone just has to cite the NYT, perhaps they should just cite the paper version, which is much more generally available. Tualha 01:02, 13 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Is this title accurate? As the article notes, the UN Security Council authorized a joint occupation by the US and the UK, not a sole US occupation. There are also other countries involved in the occupation, notably Denmark. Delirium 03:24 12 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * It's a 99% (at least) accurate title. British troop numbers have been going down, the presence of other country's forces is minimal, the U.S. military is dealing with all of the combat situations, the U.S. government is in charge of the civilian administration of the country, etc. --The Cunctator

 * I don't think your assessment of the UK's role is accurate. The UK is in charge of both security and civilian administration of Southern Iraq, notably the important city of Basra.  It is currently in the process of setting up a municipal government there, which sounds a lot like "UK occupation of Iraq" to me.  Delirium 06:07 22 Jun 2003 (UTC)

 * I agree, this title is improper. I propose moving this to Occupation of Iraq post 2003 invasion or 2003 occupation of Iraq or something like that.  MB 16:52 2 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Okay. There are currently about 146,000 U.S. troops in Iraq and about 12,000 British and other allied soldiers. If you include troops in the Gulf, the U.S. number doubles. And in terms of money, the U.S. is spending about $3 billion a month on the occupation. I couldn't find U.K. numbers immediately, but I'd say it's safe that the number is far lower. And if we look at "rebuilding" contracts worth hundreds of millions to tens of billions of dollars being awarded, they're being overwhelmingly awarded by the U.S. to U.S. companies. In other words, the U.S. involvement is around ten to twenty times that of the rest of the "coalition".
 * And while U.K. forces are going down, U.S. forces are expected to go up (at least in the short term). It is true that the Pentagon is stating they expect up to 30,000 more coalition troops are expected to come in from various countries. They will still be under U.S. command, which, if the optimistic estimates of the DoD are correct, will by the end of the year mean that there will only be 4-10 times as many U.S. troops (depending on whether you count Gulf forces). But outside analysts doubt that the U.S. will be able to draw down its forces even if international troops are added.
 * In summary: no matter how you slice it, it is more that 90% correct to call this the "U.S. occupation of Iraq". "U.S.-led occupation of Iraq" would put more weight on other countries, which may be more accurate, but then might also be more deceptive, as it implies that the U.S. is merely in charge, not utterly dominant. "2003 occupation of Iraq" is even more deceptive in that it entirely leaves out the U.S. role. The U.S. is calling the shots.
 * But hey, if you didn't believe in the existence of the Soviet bloc--that Eastern Germany, etc. just happened to turn to Communism and welcome Soviet troops because they were part of a natural, mutual alliance, then I suppose the above reasoning would be similarly meaningless.
 * --The Cunctator

 * So which is better, to imply that the "U.S. is merely in charge, not utterly dominant" or to imply that the US is the only contry involved. I say the latter is much worse (which is the current situation).  The whole rest of your arguement is irrelevent, the fact is, the title should be changed.  United States-led occupation of Iraq, and 2003 occupation of Iraq would both be perfectly acceptable.  Regarding the latter, why is it nessary to show the structure of the occupation in the title?  What I'm saying is, 2003 occupation of Iraq as a title does not imply that the US has no role, or that the US is not calling the shots.  Lets compair the current title with the 2 other titles:
 * 1. The current title totally leaves out non-US involvement. However, people can probably figure out what it means.
 * 2. U.S.-led occupation of Iraq is better than the current one b/c it doesn't imply no non-US involvement. However, it isn't really nessesary to point out who leads the occupation in the title (although it isn't nessearily bad).
 * 3. 2003 occupation of Iraq is better than the current title b/c it doesn't imply no non-US involvement. However, it leaves out pointing out any coutry specific involvement (which could be considered bad by some, but good by others).

 * I think that covers the problem throughly enough. Now, I would be happy with either of the 2 proposed alternate titles, however, I think that it would be best decided by someone not from the US.  Since I am a citizen of the US, I will leave the moving for someone else.  MB 20:30 2 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Also, I think it would be acceptable to bring this to a vote if need be. MB 20:38 2 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I tend to agree with TC - the U.S. is basically doing this on its own, and certainly setting all the terms for what happens in Iraq. We should call a spade a spade. Just because they're tacking on other token participants doesn't mean that this is not a wholly American invasion, in concept, implementation and execution. For this reason I tend to like the current title. Graft 22:54 2 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * There is another article that discusses the "invasion". It's titled "2003 invasion of Iraq."  I don't see US invasion of Iraq (even though that is mostly correct.  The reason for this, is it isn't correct, just mostly.  If you want a mostly correct encyclopedia, that's your perogative.  I on the other hand, would like an encyclopedia with titles that are the best representative of thier content.  Sure, we are effectively running Iraq, but the truth of the matter is this, "On May 22, 2003, the UN Security Council voted 14-0 to give the United States and Britain the power to govern Iraq and use its oil resources to rebuild the country."  It is the pompas attitudes of Americans, that the world revolves around them, that cause many to dis-like the US.  This occupation is not being carried out solely by the US, and the title should reflect this fact (i.e. U.S.-led occupation of Iraq).  Otherwise, 2003 occupation of Iraq would be more acceptable than the current title, and it has the added bonus of naming consistency with the similarly named and related article 2003 invasion of Iraq.  I will say nothing more on the subject.  I feel that I have debated it to death.  MB 00:20 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I agree with Delirium and MB. This should be 2003 occupation of Iraq. - Efghij

 * I'll concede, anyway, although I think that the Brits are only American gravy, props so that the U.S. can pretend they're not managing this alone. I guess either way the title is POV.. 2003 occupation of Iraq is the most acceptable alternative although it suffers from the flaw of likely becoming dated - this probably won't end by 2004. Is occupation of Iraq too ambiguous? I guess one might confuse it with british colonization... So, either way, 2003 occupation or just occupation of iraq if someone wants to move it. Graft 05:15 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * 2003 occupation of Iraq is fine with me, though the date concern is a potential issue. Perhaps US-led occupation of Iraq (or U.S.-led occupation of Iraq, if you prefer periods)?  I'm quite willing to concede it's obviously US-led (and I think stating that is NPOV); I was just objecting to it being called a sole US occupation of Iraq (because, regardless of the reasons for doing so, the UK has committed itself pretty heavily). -Delirium 05:21 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I too agree that "US-led" is a bit America-centric, and deceptive, in the sense that it perpetuates the myth that the entire war was some sort of completely unilaterial American thing. However I also agree with the concerns that "2003 occupation" might get dated quickly. If only this war had a better name.... maybe somthing like "Post Saddam Iraq occupation" or something... user:J.J.

 * There had to be an offical Pentagon name for the invansion. I have heard the media use the term "Gulf War 2"  But I don't know if that is officially used.  Maybe someone could find the real name.  Then again, the common name is most important, so maybe Gulf War 2 is best?  In any case, I will move it to 2003 occupation of Iraq, unless someone wants it to be put to a vote, and then we can move it again if a better name comes about in the future.  MB 15:34 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Well, the official name was Operation Iraqi Freedom. I don't think many Wikipedians will find that NPOV.  The Pentagon's primary name for the first Gulf War was Operation Desert Storm.  Calling this Gulf War II could be problematic, since it's actually the third Gulf War in the last 25 years. -- Minesweeper 19:52 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

I have moved U.S. occupation of Iraq timeline too. MB 15:41 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * I agree that this new name is more appropriate. There is news that thousands of non-U.S. and non-U.K. troops may soon be headed to Iraq. (See, , ) However, if this occupation drags on into 2004 and beyond, the naming will become an issue again. I agree with J.J. that something like "Post-Saddam Hussein occupation of Iraq" would be most accurate and NPOV, but it is probably too verbose. -- Minesweeper 19:52 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

How about just "Post Saddam Iraq." I mean, in some sense the term "occupation" is a fairly POV choice, and besides, as some have noted the occupation seems quite half-assed anyway. If trends continue it is unlikely to be as historic as say, the Occupations of Japan and Germany.

Years from now, I think the period will be thought of as "Post Saddam Iraq" in the sense that the current climate is largely being viewed through the lens of who is NOT there (Saddam) as opposed to who IS there (Americans et al).

user:J.J.

 * It need not be as grandiose as Japan or Germany - we can certainly talk about the "Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon", which was comparable in half-assedness and smaller in scale. And, at any rate, it would be disingenuous to say it is NOT an occupation, since it obviously is. American troops are in Iraq, policing the streets. American civilians are running the Iraqi government. That's an occupation, if ever there was one. Graft 00:30 4 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Fair enough, but this article seems to be more about the general conditions of post-Saddam Iraq rather than sorely the US Occupation. An article about the US Occupation would be more focused on the nature of the Occupying forces as Iraq's political authority, rather than the events that occured while that authority was in power. As well, most of these events are occuring more as a result of Saddam's departure than America's arrival. So, I rather than creating yet ANOTHER page on the Iraq war, I say re-naming this page "Post Saddam Iraq" or something along those lines would both help resolve the issues raised above, as well as create a page that could be used as a NPOV source for info on both the Occupation government and the post Saddam anarchy, which I predict this page is on the road to becoming, anyway. user:J.J.

 * Do you really think the occupation is going to end this year? How are you going to rename the article once it's 2004? U.S.-led occupation of Iraq is a better compromise. --The Cunctator

 * Regarding Post-Saddam Iraq, let's wait to see how things develop before putting the nail in Saddam's coffin yet. I'm not entirely certain how that bit is playing out. He's clearly still important.... Graft 17:54 8 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Is this the first "U.S.-led occupation of Iraq?" If not, we need to come up with another name, b/c this one is still flawed.  MB 18:53 8 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Yes. US troops did enter Iraq in 1991, but they only spent a few days there before a cease-fire was signed and they pulled back. - Efghij

-

This really is not NPOV the way I've re-written it. Does anyone have anything good to say about what the U.S. occupation? What positive steps have they taken to establishing a new government? What regarding reconstruction, which is totally absent right now? Baghdad is apparently bereft of power in 40+ degree heat. (See what I mean? I only have bad things to say!) Also, the famed hunt for WMDs surely deserves mention? Graft 15:47 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * If it was NPOV, it would basically say the the US bit off more than they could chew. For instance, there has been critisism that the US did not protect the Iraqi National treasures, but it should also be mentioned that the US said it protected what it could.  MB 15:52 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * But, as far as the assessment that reasonable progress has not been made on any front (establishing a new government, rebuilding the country, restoring law and order, discovery of WMDs), for whatever reason, and the U.S. has abandoned most of its initial promise except the one to stick around, which seems to be continually increasing in tenure... I think this is a particular POV (mine), but I'm damned if I can see how someone can hold another one. Graft 16:05 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * Indeed, it is a good POV, but at the same time bad, b/c it is not neutral. So, any POV info should be removed.  Maybe I can help out on this, I haven't actually read the article :).  MB 16:48 3 Jul 2003 (UTC)

 * If it looks like shit, tastes like shit, smells like shit... maybe it IS shit? :-) Eh.. And the point I tried to make was that I don't think you should sacrifice accuracy in the name of diplomacy, many times the most NPOV version is the most critical one.

This is a terrible title. Its as bad as "liberation" would be or "Coalition"...yadda- 戴&#30505sv 20:44, Aug 13, 2003 (UTC)

Those of you focusing efforts on this article should take a look at this news item and incorporate it into this article. Kingturtle 07:25, 2 Sep 2003 (UTC)

I want to say a few things. One, we can and should link to the new york times or to mainstream papers. Do we fail to do it for the Blair scandal? They are not neccessarily the only paper worth reading--and they have made journalistic gaffes which I do not appreciate. Nevertheless, Internet custom does not justify a failure to link to the most popular newspaper in the United States because they require registration.

Second of all, it is acceptable to talk about the types of critisms that were proffered and how they were addressed by the Bush administration.

occupation or continued war?
U.S. aircraft are attacking enemy forces in Iraq. The war is not over. I suggest this article be renamed to reflect this....such as 2003 invasion of Iraq, phase two. Kingturtle 22:52, 14 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * The reason it is an occupation rather than a continued war is that the enemy is different. True Saddams supporters may have a hand in it, but the threat is from Islamic terrorists, not Saddamists. It is a different conflict :ChrisG 02:25, 15 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * The threat is from anyone upset enough with the foreign invasion to do something about it. Not just Islamic terrorists. Kingturtle 04:06, 15 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * It is easy to claim that all opponents are "terrorists", outsiders etc. After all - weren't the US supposed to be welcomed with open arms according to the official POV? I don't think we can tell who is uprising - my guess is that it is a disperate bunch. Secretlondon 15:00, Dec 11, 2003 (UTC)

Rights abuses
Does anyone think it would be inappropriate to add a section on human rights abuses by the occupying governments? I've seen allegations of families being held hostage to flush out alleged terrorists, and of prisoners being held without registration (ie, notification to anyone that they are prisoners - they've simply disappeared) - both violations of the Geneva Conventions.

I freely admit that I have a POV here - I'm pissed off that "the land of the free" is doing such things, and nominally in my name too, since it's nominally a democracy. Tualha 14:50, 11 Dec 2003 (UTC)

The British media is claiming that the Israeli government is working with US on this issue. This could explain some of the human rights voilations and utterly counter-productive stuff going on at the moment. Secretlondon 15:00, Dec 11, 2003 (UTC)


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Nominal number

Nominal numbers are numerals used as labels to identify items uniquely. Importantly, the actual values of the numbers which these numerals represent are less relevant, as they do not indicate quantity, rank, or any other measurement.

Labelling referees Smith and Kumar as referees "1" and "2" is a use of nominal numbers. Any set of numbers (a subset of the natural numbers) will be consistent labels as long as a distinct number is uniquely used for each distinct term which needs to be labelled. Nonetheless, sequences of integers may naturally be used as the simplest way to begin labelling; for example, 1, 2, 3, and so on.

Definition
The term "nominal number" may be quite recent and of limited use. It appears to have originated in school textbooks derived from the statistical term "nominal data", defined as data indicating "...merely statements of qualitative category of membership." This usage comes from the sense of nominal as "name".

Mathematically, nominal numbering is a one-to-one and onto function from a set of objects being named to a set of numerals, which may change (typically growing) over time: it is a function because each object is assigned a single numeral, it is one-to-one because different objects are assigned different numerals, and it is onto because every numeral in the set at a given time has associated with it a single named object.

"Nominal number" can be broadly defined as "any numeral used for identification, however it was assigned", or narrowly as "a numeral with no information other than identification".

For the purposes of naming, the term "number" is often used loosely to refer to any string (sequence of symbols), which may not consist entirely of digits—it is often alphanumeric. For instance, UK National Insurance numbers, some driver's licence numbers, and some serial numbers contain letters.

Use of nominal numbers
"Nominal" refers to the use of numbers: any nominal number can be used by its numerical value as an integer—added to another, multiplied, compared in magnitude, and so forth—but for nominal numbers these operations are not, in general, meaningful. For example, the ZIP code 11111 is less than the ZIP code 12345, but that does not necessarily mean that 11111 was issued before 12345 or that the region denoted by 11111 is further south than 12345, though it might be. Similarly, one can add or subtract ZIP codes, but this is meaningless: 12345 − 11111 does not have any meaning as a ZIP code.

In general, the only meaningful operation with nominal numbers is to compare two nominal numbers to see whether they are identical or not (whether they refer to the same object).

Examples
A great variety of numbers meet the broad definition, including:
 * National identification numbers, such as:
 * Social Security numbers
 * Driver's license numbers
 * National Insurance number
 * Routing numbers, such as:
 * Bank codes and sort codes, such as International Bank Account Numbers or ABA routing transit numbers.
 * Postal codes, such as ZIP codes (These are generally numeric in the United States, but other nations often use alphanumeric systems.)
 * Telephone numbers, assigned by various telephone numbering plans, such as the ITU-T E.164 and the North American Numbering Plan (NANPA).
 * Numbers of train or bus routes or the individual vehicles in public transport
 * Car model names from some car manufacturers, such as BMW or Peugeot, are plain numbers.

These are usually assigned either in some hierarchical way, such as how telephone numbers are assigned (in NANPA) as Country Code + Area Code + Prefix + Suffix, where the first three are geographically based, or sequentially, as in serial numbers; these latter are thus properly ordinal numbers.

Narrowly defined
Numerical identifiers that are nominal numbers narrowly defined, viz, convey no information other than identity, are quite rare. These must be defined either arbitrarily or randomly, and most commonly arise in computer applications, such as dynamic IP addresses assigned by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A more everyday example are sports squad numbers, which do not in general have any public meaning beyond identity, though they may be allocated based on some internal club or organization policy. In some settings, these are based on position, but in others they are associated with an individual, being a proper nominal number. The naming function is demonstrated by "retired numbers", where a club no longer issues a number that has become associated with a particularly famous player, but reallocate others to new players when they become available.

title: Nominal number