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Out-of-home advertising

Out-of-home (OOH) advertising, also called outdoor advertising, outdoor media, and out-of-home media, is advertising experienced outside of the home. This includes billboards, wallscapes, and posters seen while "on the go". It also includes place-based media seen in places such as convenience stores, medical centers, salons, and other brick-and-mortar venues. OOH advertising formats fall into four main categories: billboards, street furniture, transit, and alternative.

Overview
The OOH advertising industry in the United States includes more than 2,100 operators in 50 states representing the major out of home format categories. These OOH media companies range from public, multinational media corporations to small, independent, family-owned businesses.

Traditional roadside billboards remain the predominant form of OOH advertising in the US with 66% of total annual revenue. Today, billboard revenue is 73% local ads, 18% national ads, and 9% public service ads.

Transit advertising is typically advertising placed on anything which moves, such as buses, subway advertising, truckside, food trucks, and taxis, but also includes fixed static and electronic advertising at train and bus stations and platforms.

Street furniture, transit, and alternative media formats comprise 34% of total outdoor revenue in the US. Some of these formats have a higher percentage of national ads than traditional billboards.

Digital out-of-home
Digital out-of-home (DOOH) refers to dynamic media distributed across place-based networks in venues including, but not limited to: cafes, grocery stores, bars, restaurants, health clubs, colleges, arenas, gas stations, convenience stores, barber shops, airports and public spaces. PQ Media defines DOOH by two major platforms, digital place-based networks (DPN) and digital billboards and signage (DBB); DOOH networks typically feature independently addressable screens, kiosks, jukeboxes and/or jumbotrons. DOOH media benefits location owners and advertisers alike in being able to engage customers and/or audiences and extend the reach and effectiveness of marketing messages. It is also referred to as digital signage.

In the US the DOOH industry is expected to grow to $3.25 billion in 2021, representing 36% of the total OOH spending.

The reason that this category is growing so rapidly is because busy people are typically busy at home and with the introduction and acceptance of digital video recorders (DVRs), it has diluted the frequency with which traditional TV commercials are viewed. Every day more TV viewers are skipping past commercials with their DVRs, making out-of-home advertising more appealing. A Nielsen media research study in 2009 showed that 91% of DVR owners skipped commercials. As a result, traditional TV advertisers are hungry for an effective substitute, and digital out-of-home ads appear to be one of the solutions. Digital out of home advertising seems to be a cost-effective way for promoting or marketing any brand or product. Usage of billboards and displays for brand promotion is a less expensive way of advertising than TV, radio, newspapers and other mediums.

DOOH includes stand-alone screens, screens on buildings, kiosks, and interactive media found in public places. The availability of inexpensive LCD screens with built-in media players has opened the door for companies to add interactive video messages in point of purchase (POP) displays. The displays allow consumers to get additional information at the moment of decision on a product or service. Growth in the DOOH industry has been increasing in 2009, with more POP manufacturers, advertisers, and content developers moving to digital. Technological improvements are holding down costs, and low-cost digital signage is making it easier to reach consumers on a larger scale. For example, beacons are small devices placed on out-of-home advertising structures that use Bluetooth technology to connect with mobile devices. "Beacons allow you to communicate with the viewer. They also tell you frequency. With these technologies you could, for example, with certainty that from 3-5 p.m. on a Monday this is how many men or women walked in front of your sign and also what percentage are new people, which are repeat people, etc.."

DOOH is present in a variety of venues including gas stations, grocery stores, restaurants, gyms and ride-sharing vehicles. One of the key benefits of DOOH media is its dynamic nature. Digital screens and devices can display a range of dynamic content, including videos, animations, and interactive experiences. This makes DOOH media more engaging and memorable than traditional static billboards or posters.

With digital TVs in gas stations, nearly 52 million customers are getting snippets of weather, sports highlights, celebrity gossip and commercials with their gas each month, according to Nielsen. The weekly reach is actually larger than most of the prime-time TV shows. The largest company in the space is Gas Station TV with 27.5 million monthly viewers at more than 1,100 stations across the US, according to Nielsen. In addition to the large number of viewers, the audience profile of TVs at gas stations is unique. All are drivers and 76% are adults from age 18–49 with a median age of 40 and median household income over $70,000. According to the Nielsen Intercept Studies, 89% of the consumers are engaged and watching TV at the gas station and 88% love watching when fueling because they have nothing else to do.

In supermarkets, networks like Grocery TV and Starlite Media have established digital screens at various points in grocery stores to provide brands with opportunities to reach customers along their purchase journey. In addition to building brand awareness some of these networks are also able to tie direct results such as sales lift to advertising campaigns.

In gyms, Zoom Media (GymTV) engages fitness-minded audiences with lifestyle content, fitness tips, and music.

In 2015, DOOH has also started to extend to in-transit advertising. Tablets are installed inside ride-sharing vehicles like Uber, Lyft and Grab. Digital ads are displayed inside the screens allowing brands to reach high-value passengers. This type of DOOH leverages technology to improve ad distribution and better OOH audience targeting. GPS of tablets are used to enable location-based marketing. Brands can specify geo-fences to determine where their ads will be shown to passengers.

Programmatic out-of-home
Within the DOOH industry, advertisements may be purchased through programmatic platforms. Programmatic platforms ask marketers to specify desired audience characteristics and automatically locate the media vehicles to deliver that audience. These platforms may allow buyers (the demand side) to plan, execute and monitor campaigns across multiple media platforms (the supply side) using a familiar workflow. A major difference between programmatic digital out-of-home (pDOOH) and traditional OOH or DOOH is that programmatic automates the process of buying, selling and delivering inventory across multiple screens with enhanced capabilities. These enhanced capabilities include the creation of measurable, highly targeted campaigns by utilizing geolocation data to activate the best DOOH screens in real-time based on consumer behaviour and audience movement patterns. Additionally, programmatic allows buyers to set specific parameters or conditions (also known as triggers) for a campaign or inventory and unleash the potential to power campaigns with unlimited data sets from a myriad of data sources. Only when the selected conditions are met will an ad or content be served onto the screen.

As the media buyer, there are a number of benefits to buying out-of-home ad space programmatically.
 * 1) Aggregate supply: Programmatic technology provides a single access point for all inventory. This type of transaction usually provides additional transparency into budgeting and campaign performance metrics.
 * 2) Efficient workflow: A media buyer is able to purchase ad space with a variety of sellers without the time and hours is takes to create individual contacts with each. This allows even the smallest teams to handle large, complex campaigns by being more dynamic and efficient with how they spend their time.
 * 3) Data-Informed Purchasing: Programmatic platforms use data to inform buying decisions for every single ad placement at the impression or spot level

As a media owner, there are a number of ways the programmatic technology can benefit you.
 * 1) Discoverable Inventory: You can control which inventory you want to make available, to which buyers, and how much you want to charge for it.
 * 2) Fully Monetized Digital Signage Network: Programmatic technology enables you to maximize yield across your digital signage network by monetizing all available inventory through an additional sales channel that requires little direct effort.
 * 3) Curated Premium Inventory: By taking advantage of programmatic ad buying, you are able to segment target audiences more effectively and justify increased advertiser spend, by leveraging data to identify inventory that aligns with audiences.

Printed out-of-home
Printed out of home refers to static media distributed across physical spaces. These are:

This product can also be used for outdoor movie nights.
 * Aerial advertising: Aerial advertising includes towing banners via a fixed-wing aircraft as well as airships like blimps and other airborne inflatables above beaches, events and gridlock traffic.
 * Billboard bicycle: is a new type of mobile advertising in which a bike tows a billboard with an advertising message. This method is a cost-efficient, targeted, and environmentally-friendly form of advertising.
 * Brochure Distribution: Information displays in public gathering spaces such as transportation centers, lodging facilities, visitor centers, attractions, and retail environments are targeted methods to distribute effective messaging to a targeted audience. This method is slightly different from traditional OOH as the consumer self-selects the messaging material, and can take that message with them.
 * Billboards: (or Bulletins) are usually located in highly visible, heavy traffic areas such as expressways, primary arterials, and major intersections. In the US bulletins are usually illuminated. The ad artwork, commonly digitally printed on large vinyl-coated fabric membranes, is often "rotated" by the outdoor plant operator amongst several locations in a metropolitan area to achieve the desired reach of the population as defined in the sales contract. With extended periods of high visibility, billboard advertisements provide advertisers with significant impact on commuters. This is the largest standard out of home advertising format, usually measuring at 14ftx48ft in overall size.
 * Bus advertising: Firmly establish brand awareness and generate quick recall with high-profile exposure near point of purchase locations.
 * Commuter rail display: Reaches a captive audience of upscale suburban commuters. Additionally, reaches lunch-time patrons, shoppers and business professionals.
 * ComPark advertising: ComPark is a device used for car park advertising, which is placed onto the parallel lines of a bay and is able to gain instant exposure from motorists that have parked their vehicle. The ComPark also serves as a guide to assist motorist in adhering to the parking bay size.
 * Gas Station Pump Top Advertising: Printed Signage is inserted into sign holder frames above the Pumps. These are called Pump Top advertising and are generally eye-level height.  Average dwell time for customers to refuel their vehicle is 3–5 minutes which make this form of advertising very effective to reach automobile drivers.
 * Inflatable billboard: similar to regular 2D billboard, but imposed on 3D object.
 * Lamppost banner advertising: Lamp columns are sited everywhere, allowing advertisers and events to use banners to target precise geographical locations and create promotional awareness.
 * Mobile billboard: Mobile billboards offer a great degree of flexibility to advertisers. These advertisements can target specific routes, venue or events, or can be used to achieve market saturation. A special version is the inflatable billboard which can stand free nearly everywhere.
 * Poster: Target local audiences with these billboards, which are visible to vehicular traffic, and are ideal for the introduction of new products/services. Marketers use posters to achieve advertising objectives and increase brand awareness by placing multiple units in strategic locations while lowering the cost per thousand impressions. This is a standardized poster format, typically measuring 12'3" x 24'6"; formally known as a 30-Sheet Poster.
 * Premier panel: Premiere panels combine the frequency and reach of a poster campaign with the creative impact of a bulletin.
 * Premier square: Bright top and bottom illumination on a premiere panel provide extra impact after dark.
 * Street advertising: The use of pavements and street furniture to create media space for brands to get their message onto the street in a cost-effective approach.
 * Taxi advertising: Taxi advertising allows advertisers to highlight their products, whether brand awareness, or a targeted message, directly to areas where people work, shop, and play.
 * Wallscape: Wallscapes are attached to buildings and are able to accommodate a wide variety of unusual shapes and sizes. These billboard advertisements are visible from a distance and provide impact in major metro areas.
 * Aircraft Advertising: Aircraft advertising includes product or service branding inside and outside the aircraft. This includes wrapping the aircraft with printed SAVs, baggage tag branding, boarding pass branding, tray table branding and more.
 * Walking Billboards: These billboards are strapped on to the human shoulder and are carried along the targeted geographic area. These billboard advertisements are also visible during night. It helps the local advertisers as it is very cost effective and can be geographically targeted to a particular area.

Other types of non-digital OOH advertising include airport displays, transit and bus-shelter displays, headrest displays, double-sided panels, junior posters and mall displays.

Regulations
Different jurisdictions regulate outdoor advertising to different degrees.

 * In the United States:
 * The states of Vermont, Hawaii, Maine, and Alaska prohibit all billboards.
 * The other 46 states permit multiple forms of OOH advertising.
 * Billboards are regulated by all levels of government. The regulatory framework, created by the federal Highway Beautification Act (HBA), calls for billboards to be located in commercial and industrial areas. Billboard permits are issued by state and local authorities. Under the Highway Beautification Act, states have strong regulatory powers including the authority to ban billboards.
 * Most states have taken steps to regulate digital (electronic) billboards, which feature static images that change (typically) every six or eight seconds. In 2007, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued Guidance to the states regarding regulation of digital billboards. Scenic America challenged the federal Guidance in federal court on procedural grounds. On June 20, 2014, US District Court Judge James E. Boasberg dismissed this case, with prejudice.
 * Regulations governing digital billboards prohibit animation and scrolling. Digital billboards are equipped with light sensors to adjust billboard lighting to surrounding light conditions to avoid glare, per the industry code.
 * Sao Paulo, Brazil, established an almost total outdoor advertising ban in 2006. The ban required that all billboard and banner advertisements be removed and that store signs be greatly reduced in size and prominence.

Emerging technologies
Media fragmentation, competition from online media, as well as the need for greater efficiencies in media buying prompted companies to offer billboard inventory aggregation services Interactive services are becoming increasingly more common with the move to digital outdoor advertising, such as allowing the public to connect, share and interact through their mobile devices in particular through WiFi connections. The technology behind these aggregated services continue to rise to the standards of mobile advertising when it comes to measurement and design abilities.

Space advertising, by use of an array of small satellites that reflect sunlight, has been evaluated by researchers at the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology.

title: Out-of-home advertising


text:
Shobha Gurtu

Shobha Gurtu (1925–2004) was an Indian singer in the light Hindustani classical style. Though she had equal command over pure classical style, it was with light classical music that she received her fame, and in time came to be known as the Thumri Queen, and for the 'Abhinaya' sung in her full-throated voice.

Background and personal life
Bhanumati Shirodkar was born in Belgaum, (present Karnataka) in 1925. Her mother, Menekabai Shirodkar, was a professional dancer. Menakabai was a 'gayaki' disciple of Ustad Alladiya Khan of the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana. It was from her that Shobha received her training in music from a very young age.

Shobha married Vishwanath Gurtu, a Kashmiri Brahmin gentleman from a good family, and became known as Shobha Gurtu. Her father-in-law, Pandit Narayan Nath Gurtu, was a highly placed officer in the Police, a scholar and also, as a hobby, he played the sitar. He was posted for several years in Belgaum district, which is how Shobha and Vishwanath became acquainted. The couple had three sons, Ravi, Trilok and Narendra. Their eldest son, Ravi Gurtu, was a rhythm player. Another son, Trilok Gurtu is a famed percussionist.

Career
Though Shobha's formal music training began with 'Ustad Bhurji Khan', the youngest son of Ustad Alladiya Khan, the founder of the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana in Kolhapur, from whom her mother was learning at the time, while she was still a younger girl, and seeing her talent, Ustad Bhurji Khan's family immediately took a liking of her, and she started spending long hours with them. Her ties with the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana were to strengthen still, when she started learning from, Ustad Alladiya Khan's nephew Ustad Natthan Khan; though she really came into her own under the tutelage of Ustad Ghamman Khan, who came to stay with their family in Mumbai, to teach her mother thumri-dadra and other semi-classical forms.

Shobha Gurtu specialised in semi classical forms such as thumri, dadra, Kajri, Hori etc., effortlessly adding pure classical passages into her singing, thus creating a new form, and reviving the magic of forms like Thumri, of which she became a greatest exponent in time. She was particularly influenced by singer Begum Akhtar and Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.

She also performed music in Marathi and Hindi cinema. As a playback singer, she first worked in Kamaal Amrohi's film, Pakeezah (1972), followed by Phagun (1973), where she sang, 'Bedardi ban gaye koi jaao manaao more saiyyaan'. She earned a Filmfare nomination as Best Female Playback Singer for the song "Saiyyan Rooth Gaye" from the hit film Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki (1978). In Marathi cinema, she sang for films like Saamna and Lal Mati. In 1979, The Gramophone Company of India (EMI) released her first album At Her Best... Shobha Gurtu, considered a high ranking classic recording displaying her dazzling vocal work in the eastern Uttar Pradesh (Purbi Gayaki) musical tradition rooted in the 19th century.

Over the years, she travelled all over the world for concerts, including one at the Carnegie Hall, New York City, performing alongside musical greats and, Pt. Birju Maharaj. Her album of gazal "Tarz" along with Mehdi Hassan was popular. She often lent her voice to the collaborative jazz albums of her son Trilok Gurtu. In 2000, she featured in the Jana Gana Mana Video, which was released to mark the 50th year of the Indian Republic, where she sang the Indian National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana, along with other leading classical singers and musicians of India.

In 1987, she received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, and was later awarded the Lata Mangeshkar Puraskar, Shahu Maharaj Puraskar and the Maharashtra Gaurav Puraskar. In 2002, she was awarded the Padma Bhushan.

After reigning over Hindustani classical music genre, for five decades, as the Queen of Thumri, Shobha Gurtu died on 27 September 2004, and was survived by her two sons.

Awards

 * Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1987
 * Padma Bhushan in 2002
 * Lata Mangeshkar Puraskar
 * Shahu Maharaj Puraskar
 * Maharashtra Gaurav Puraskar

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shobha Gurtu


text:
Talk:Free Bird

Dedicated to Duane Allman
The article says that they dedicated it to Duane Allman. when they played in Macon, GA in 1976 (I think it was 76), they dedicated it to Duane Allman, Berry Oakley, and Otis Redding. I don't have a reference for that, but I was there and a friend has it on tape. Bubba73 (talk), 05:12, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Power ballad?
The definition of "Free Bird" as a "power ballad" in the introduction is inconsistent with the main text, where the song is described as "half ballad, half up-tempo guitar boogie." Clearly, something that it half/half something cannot be defined only by the one half. Why not the more neutral "song"? Also, the "power ballad" entry says that "Free Bird" only "vaguely fit[s] the power ballad aesthetic."

 * I agree. Free Bird is not a power ballad and never will. I saw that information when it was there, I think that they took it out now, though. Whiffle Ball Tony 18:58, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Origin of first line
I've got the book written about the band, I can't remember the name of it, but basically the first and most definitive textual Skynyrd biography. It was said that Allen Collins' girlfriend at the time asked him the question, "If I leave here tomorrow, would you still remember me?" Should this be added? & song was not written in 1973, it was recorded in 1973. It was played at high school proms before that. Before Billy Powell even joined the band, he was first noticed when setting up for a gig and played a piano intro to Free Bird, and he was in the band before 1973, so the song was at least a couple years old before it was recorded. Zchris87v 07:28, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Popular culture cliche
Would it be fair to say that yelling "Free Bird!" during concerts is an American popular culture cliche? Down here in Australia, the cliche is to yell out "play some Chisel!" If this is so, please rectify the article to mention the USA. Stuart mcmillen 05:50, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, I guess that would make sense, on account of I've never heard of Cold Chisel, so there might be some Australians who have never heard Free Bird. I mean, it is called an American classic, so do what you must. Whiffle Ball Tony 23:13, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

I,though I consider my self a LS fan. like to refer to Free Bird as the song that's playing in the waiting room to hell.To put in to perspective I was a big Eagles fan in the early 70's but would rather rip my own lungs out than hear Hotel California again. I thought it was "Whipping Post" that got yelled out regardless of the performer. I saw Jackson Browne have a little fun with it.

I think Modest Mouse's rant on live album "Baron Von Bullshit Ride Again" takes the cake here:"I know I've said this before, but the odds of us actually playing Free Bird...there are no odds, it is not gonna happen. I'll start with the first reason: we have no idea how to play Free Bird. The second reason is, in the Love Bug's natural habitat...I mean that would just fucking kill him, wouldn't it?  You wouldn't want that, I mean he's adorable.  He is cute.  Thirdly, even if some picker-diety came down from the heavens, or the hills, or wherever their deity lives and shit, and blessed us with just this vast knowledge of Free Bird, and we could play it backwards, we could sing backwards, we could do all that crazy shit...we still just wouldn't do it.  If this were the Make A Wish Foundation, and you were gonna die in 20 minutes, just long enough to play Free Bird...we still wouldn't play it. And here's the end reason, the end reason is life is too fucking short to play or hear Free Bird."

In Canada (in the Praries for sure) at punk/metal/hardcore shows (maybe other styles of music as well) you will always get someone yelling 'Slayer' as a request. The one time I heard a band oblige with a Slayer song it did not impress so I think its along the same thing as yelling Free Bird.

The musical collective Bomb the Music Industry! has a song on their first album entitled " " mp3, yes, including the quotes in the song title, on Album Minus Band, and it's obviously a reference to the cliché, just not sure where to put it/how i should put it, or if I even should at all. Anyone interested? SCC 07:34, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

I think this could be accurately described as a meme. Why not use this word? 60.240.207.146 (talk) 07:40, 12 May 2012 (UTC)

Plagiarism?
Is it just me, or does a lot of this bear more than a passing resemblance to this Blender article? Shmuel 21:29, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, no question that's the source of the history section. -- *Spark* 21:17, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Cars Reference
I ended up here because of the CARS film and wanted to know why the line was in there. After reading this it makes a lot more sense. I belive it is MAC, his friend, in the background shouting Free Bird to prompt Lightening into performing his contracted Rust-eze speech which he is fed of doing. So perhaps use in this context means "Perfom what is expected of you - even 'tho you hate it through over repeation."

86.29.84.232

Problem With a Link
The link for the live performance of Free Bird has been tampered with, and now the link leads to a Spanish version of the opening for Sailor Moon. Anyone care to fix this? I'm not so good with links and such, but I saw this and I thought I should mention it. Kokuha Seishin 01:09, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

guitar duel
I think someone should put up a section that talks about the 5-minute long guitar duel. I would put it up, but I'm too lazy. 71.200.98.184 18:05, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and wrote that section for you. Hope everyone enjoys it!

What type of citation do you need?
Where it is talking about "AND THIS BIRD YOU CANNOT CHANGE!" in guitar hero II, THIS IS TRUE. I'm just not sure what im supposed to do. --72.86.73.84 15:10, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

I agree, is a screen shot needed or something? I don't think a citation is needed, ask any guitar hero player. The citation needed tag should be removed, it's in there, why would we lie?

 * There is no question of lies here. The source should be cited. In this case it should probably be the game. I am unsure how to cite games but there may be someone who has the correct format somewhere. It's just a matter of llokning for it. Candy 12:06, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Free Bird vs. Freebird
The title of the article has a space while many spellings in the article itself lack a space. If my memory serves me well, I've seen it spelt both ways on some Skynyrd albums, although the spelling with a space seems overwhelmingly prevalent. Basically, a decision needs to be made about how to spell it in the article and then make that choice be the only one used. Any thoughts?OSU871316 04:26, 28 May 2007 (UT)

It should be included in the article; I asked everyone at my school how it's spelled; a lot of people say it should be spelled "Freebird" and others "Free Bird". It's the former that should be really spelled. Whatever way Lynyrd Skynyrd spelled it first, that should be the correct spelling. 18:53, 08 June 2007 (JG)

 * No way. Asking people "at your school" is absolutely no way to do this.  I bet 3/4 would put an apostrophe in the word "its" (making it "it's") for the possessive, e.g. "The name of the song is on it's album cover.", which would be catastrophically incorrect, just as any silly claim that the song's title can be spelled "Freebird" is.  The song is entitled "Free Bird".  Any other spelling is incorrect, and propagating such an embarrassing mistake is irresponsible.  All Lynyrd Skynyrd albums and singles spell the title "Free Bird". Adding "sometimes spelled..." is just dumb.  Should we put the common misspellings of words and phrases next to every entry in Wikipedia?  "Duct tape (sometimes spelled 'duck tape')"?  "Franklin Roosevelt (sometimes spelled `Rosevelt')"?
 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by Donnymo (talk • contribs) 23:12, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

"Freebird" -> http://www.lynyrdskynyrd.com/index.php?module=discography&discography_item_id=23&discography_tag=STUDIO+ALBUMS 83.36.73.26 (talk) 18:11, 28 December 2008 (UTC) rubiobarga

 * Um... The graphic on the article says "Freebird".  Do we need a new graphic? Nat (talk) 17:21, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Seriously, if the cover of the single (which is what the current graphic is) spells it as "Freebird" that should be canonical, regardless of what other versions showed up later. Since this article appears in the chronological series of Lynyrd Skynrd singles, we should evaluate the title spelling in the similar way. i.e. "Freebird (later spelled "Freebird")..." since it's really the record label that is responsible for title canonicity. Cowbert (talk) 00:30, 19 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Quite. I've appended a comment to the first sentence drawing attention to the absurdity of calling it "Free Bird". Ericoides (talk) 16:06, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Lighter Swaying During Performance in Guitar Hero II?
I have noticed that, in the entry, it states that the crowd sways their lighters during the Free Bird performance in Guitar Hero II. However, this is only when the player's rock meter is in the green; the lighter swaying is noticable in every other encore during the beginning, as the player starts with the rock meter in the green. Metroidhunter777 01:54, 3 July 2007 (UTC)
 * then again does something that trivial need mentioning in the article? 67.162.10.70 15:48, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

I think so. It is a very important aspect of the game and important in free bird. Someone might think we are lying to them if they play free bird on guitar hro and there is no light swaying. It would add more value to this piece.

plagiariasms (again?)
68.101.194.158 07:24, 9 July 2007 (UTC): I noticed the Pop Culture Cliche lifted the text from this article directly: http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB111102511477881964-ZkAKwALO87RaHLbFJrSJSA_i9xg_20050415.html?mod=blogs

This isn't policy, is it?

Pachelbel's Canon
The harmonic structure of this song follows the ubiquitous Canon in D. 141.157.110.8 15:39, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

It doesn't. Actually, the chord progression is very different. Alvabass (talk) 02:39, 8 June 2013 (UTC)

removed text
I removed the following text from the article: Note: After playing and completing the song about 10-15 times on any difficulty, the loading screen for the song says: "You must really like Freebird." (this was in relation to Guitar Hero II) This is false. I got this message the second time I played the song.

David Stahl
The claim referring to David Stahl and the Charleston Symphony Orchestra is utterly false and meritless. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.180.8.168 (talk) 22:24, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

What About Guitar Hero II?
Just wondering, shouldn't there be even one sentence in this article stating that this song was featured in Guitar Hero II? If you need a source for that, a reliable source that mentions what songs are featured in GH2 should suffice. I don't see why it's use in a popular video game shouldn't be mentioned in the article.-- Al max  999  06:56, 18 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Because it is called cruft..trivia (and virtual trivia at that) that doesn't lend anything to an article..it is a tangent that takes the reader off focus. The video game factoid is only relevant to a very small minority of readers and its importance falls below this article. You can mention that stuff in the articles on Guitar Hero but we don't elevate the importance of Guitar Hero by plastering factoids in any song article that they happen to use. See WP:TRIVIA. Cheers, ⋙–Berean–Hunter—►  ((⊕)) 14:27, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure how Guitar Hero has anything to do with the song, or its place in history. It seems like this is more of a trivia component than actual encyclopedic information. 68.5.247.159 (talk) 05:47, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

There should be a mention of this song being featured in Guitar Hero II and Guitar Hero: Smash Hits. It shows how popular this song was and is. Why can't we include a sentence about it when many of the other songs featured in the Guitar Hero series have mentioned it in their articles. It is an important piece of information. RG104 (talk) 00:44, 3 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree as well. Placement of "Free Bird" in a notable video game like Guitar Hero should be enough to warrant a mention in the article. Since when is this not encyclopedic enough? --FlyingPenguins (talk) 08:46, 19 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I also agree - for many people (and I'm one of them), Guitar Hero II was the first time we heard Freebird. The game made the song famous to a whole new demographic and therefore is notable enough to be mentioned in this article. Cpc464 (talk) 11:25, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

I have mentioned the song being included in the game in the Reception section. If this is not the right section to put the information in, please move it to the appropriate section. I noticed that in the edit window, there is a whole section titled Cover 'n' other versions that has been programmed to not appear in the article. The section mentions Guitar Hero II and Guitar Hero: Smash Hits. I don't know why it is like that. RG104 (talk) 20:00, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Cover versions
I'm removing some of the lesser related covers from the Cover versions section. If anyone objects to this, please feel free to notify me and let me know why there is objection to this.-- Disturbed Nerd999   (Delete!)  18:45, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

Song Structure section
There is a long section called "Song Structure" that has been commented out. I don't see a reason in the comments as to why it was commented out. I'm not sure if this was done on purpose, or if it was the result of vandalism. TakingUpSpace (talk) 04:38, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Bill Hicks - I'm Sorry Folks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Bird#.22Play_Free_Bird.22 might be expanded with a reference to Bill Hicks' I'm Sorry Folks bootleg: it's an old recording of a live show (Chicago 1989, it's here: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4624904446100493364#). The song is mentioned and the cheering for FreeBird turns into an impromptu leitmotiv. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Burt777 (talk • contribs) 13:14, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

length of Free Bird single
I read the article and saw that the length of the song is 9 minutes 6 seconds long in the album while in the single version it's 4 minutes 41 seconds long. However, I couldn't find anything on iTunes or on YouTube of this Lynyrd Skynyrd's Free Bird that was only a bit over four minutes long. If, however, the single is really about half the length of the actual song, someone needs to find a source for this. In addition, listening to the song itself, 4:41 is about the point where the song suddenly goes faster from a slow vocal rock ballad to a very fast instrumental rock music. November Hotel Romeo Hotel Sierra Two Zero One Zero  ✈  21:44, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Some important (in my opinion) additional info about the song
Since I'm not sure about editing the main article page (specially about the correct way of citing the source), I'm posting here this link with some noteworthy info about the song, specially the fact that Ronnie Van Zant asked the rest of the band to add a long instrumental section for him to take a break. Someone knowledgeable about article editing, please add this info. Alvabass (talk) 03:06, 8 June 2013 (UTC)

 * I just wrote the info in as a rough opening paragraph in "Origins." BTW, in case you find it useful, I found this citation wiki-code generator at Help:Citation tools, and it works really well.  ☺ —Xyzzy☥the☥Avatar 11:59, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

Official website shows it as "Freebird"
I checked the discography at the band's website out of curiosity, and the official spelling as shown on their initial album "Pronounced..." is "Freebird" without a space, matching both the single-version cover image we're using and the decision that appears here on the talk page a few years ago. I was going to just change it, but decided to bring it up here, as I realized the page title needs to be corrected as well -- if there's no solid reason for using the inaccurate spelling, I'd vote firmly in favor of fixing the error. —Xyzzy☥the☥Avatar 09:56, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was not moved. --BDD (talk) 18:53, 18 April 2014 (UTC)

Free Bird → Freebird – its the right thing to do:) ? Why http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRzEPYeoUFU#aid=P-SHZQUcK4Y 24.0.133.234 (talk) 02:34, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

 *  Support now neutral, but if moved then preferably to Freebird (song). Given that there are other uses at Freebird (disambiguation) and that it is a song. Ideally Freebird (disambiguation) would move over the base topic too. In ictu oculi (talk) 04:29, 11 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you have a rationale for your support of a move to a one word title or why the song is not primary? —  AjaxSmack  02:22, 13 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, despite the 2:1 or 3:1 prevalence of the gap, the fact that the cover artwork and the derivative Freebird The Movie (no article yet) Freebird (film) etc. follow it indicates that the gap isn't needed. The issue of primary, well, if we must have a primary this would be it, but must we. In ictu oculi (talk) 04:58, 14 April 2014 (UTC)
 * hmm. Now neutral. In ictu oculi (talk) 05:21, 14 April 2014 (UTC)

 * I disagree This article about the song is certainly the superior usage of the name.  I added the pluralized version.  Several other usages of the name are in honor of the song, The Fabulous Freebirds and Freebirds World Burrito; plus there is a "stoner" movie, a "stoner" indie record label, a second rate airline and a couple of kit airplanes.  Nothing of the weight of the song.  It doesn't merit the categorized downgrade of calling it a (song) either. Trackinfo (talk) 07:42, 12 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Support as proposed because that's how the artists themselves stylized it (ngrams are inconclusive). But strong support that this is the primary topic. There are other uses but this is clearly the main one. Red Slash 18:50, 12 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you have any evidence that Skynyrd styled it as one word? The cover picture in the article is for a UK 12" single release as the original US single had no custom sleeve. —  AjaxSmack   02:22, 13 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Good point. Neutral except for the primary topic concern. Red Slash 23:25, 13 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose per WP:UCN (use common names). (Plus, there is no rationale in the nomination.)  A similar case of "Paint It Black" was discussed here and here.
 * However, unlike in that case, the current title (with two words) is far more common in primary and quality secondary sources than the single word version. Except for the sleeve pictured in the article (which was for a UK 12") and this one (also a re-release), other releases seem to all use two words including the original album's sleeve, label, and liner notes, the original single's label, other reissues such as this, this, and this.  Subsequent releases in compilation albums also use two word including Gold & Platinum, Skynyrd's Innyrds, the 20th Century Masters Series' The Best Of Lynyrd Skynyrd , and a 1994 compilation named for the song is "Free Bird - The Very Best"
 * The song charted on Billboard as "Free Bird" in both of its chart appearances and the article's source for this (Whitburn) uses the same form. Most of the article's other published sources (e.g., Guitar World and Rolling Stone) also use two words.  —  AjaxSmack   02:22, 13 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose as per AjaxSmack. (One might add that the song is also referred to as "Free Bird" in the credits to Freebird: The Movie.) The only rationale offered in the proposal is that somebody on YouTube uploaded a video and styled it as one word. That is not a good reason for moving a page. — Shmuel (talk) 17:12, 15 April 2014 (UTC)
 * You might have hit on something. The people who misuse the name in homage to the song, might just be using the slightly different spelling to avoid copyright/trademark conflict in their own entities. Trackinfo (talk) 21:42, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose I also agree with Ajax. He has clearly evidenced the band's usage of the name is two words, both words capitalized, on all their albums.  Who better to know how the song title was intended, than the people who wrote the song?  The other usages as one word are popularized mistakes, equivalent with generalized trademarks.  Its fine to create a redirect to the song, which already exists, because the public is confused.  We are wikipedia are supposed to be correct. Trackinfo (talk) 21:36, 15 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Take a look at a popular film. The popular name might be Talladega Nights, we redirect users to the proper name:  Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby. Trackinfo (talk) 21:37, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Support(ip who added request)--Adding (song) is fine with me as well, but "Free Bird" isn't right even if it were to remain-wouldn't it be Free bird?-or maybe not since it is a title. I only included the youtube link because I liked that version of the performance, not as 'evidence". This has been requested at least twice already here on the talk page by other editors (with supporting good evidence). Although I am about a hundred percent sure that Freebird is the correct usage, I am concerned about how a title move would affect the article (aside from making it correct imo), if at all, and also i looked-up page views for each version and I am curious why the incorrect version has so many more views, if that is only because it is where the article is currently located?24.0.133.234 (talk) 19:05, 15 April 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

And this bɛɛɛɛɛrd you cannaught chayeeaaayngee
When this comes back up again, put me down in support of a move to the song's actual name. is to keep Bill Clinton where people are looking for him; meanwhile, when the single and the official website of the actual originating artists are spelling this "Freebird"... the name of the song is "Freebird" and "Free Bird" is just an understandable misspelling, not a replacement "common name". In any case, the phrasing of the lead should not be pretending that "Freebird" is the misspelling.

Pace Ajax, the move should be to "Freebird" tout suite. This is the and already serves as a hard redirect here; there's no competing sense deserving a dabby title.

Pace editors, it's obviously an issue. Kindly be careful not to change the usage of your sources. Someone "corrected" the WSJ article from "Freebird" to "Free Bird". Don't do that. — Llywelyn II   11:29, 9 June 2014 (UTC)

Is the outtake version a different take?
On the album "Skynyrd's Innyrds", is the "outtake version" of Free Bird actually the same take as the original album version, just with no fade-out at the end? I see an unsourced statement that it is the same take. However, the album itself says "outtake version" right in the track name.

Can anyone find an actual source? I certainly can't hear any difference, but the album says "outtake".Fluoborate (talk) 08:38, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

Steve Gaines
How Steve Gaines played guitar there, when this song was recorded before he joined the band. He was absent on album with this song. 185.28.251.102 (talk) 20:52, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

Lyrics
Can there be lyrics? The article is all about the techs & specs of the song without a description of its import or lyrics. Thanks Manytexts (talk) 11:38, 31 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Adding verbatim lyrics is a copyright violation, so the answer to that is no. If by "description of its import or lyrics" you mean your personal interpretation, no because of WP:NPOV and WP:RS. Sundayclose (talk) 13:57, 31 October 2016 (UTC)
 * So... it's not possible to give the equivalent of a plot summary? Manytexts (talk) 15:47, 31 October 2016 (UTC) By the way, I do not mean what you are saying. I've seen you do that before. I'm not saying anything about my personal interpretation, but just something so that we can identify the song as such. I came to this page from another WP article as a reader who knows nothing of this song and I am not proposing I should contribute, but that identifying the song's gist or whatever, is relevant.

title: Talk:Free Bird


text:
Mansfield Township

Mansfield Township may refer to the following places:

In Canada:
 * Mansfield Township, Quebec, now part of Mansfield-et-Pontefract

In the United States:
 * Mansfield Township, Michigan
 * Mansfield Township, Freeborn County, Minnesota
 * Mansfield Township, Burlington County, New Jersey
 * Mansfield Township, Warren County, New Jersey
 * Mansfield Township, Barnes County, North Dakota

title: Mansfield Township


text:
Ace (Doctor Who)

Ace is a fictional character played by Sophie Aldred in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. A 20th-century Earth teenager from the London suburb of Perivale, she is a companion of the Seventh Doctor and was a regular in the series from 1987 to 1989 and returned in 2022. She is considered one of the Doctor's most popular companions.

Ace appeared in ten stories (32 episodes), and was the final companion in the original run of the classic series.

Doctor Who script editor Andrew Cartmel said that the character was written to be a "fighter and not a screamer". In the television series Ace reveals that her real given name is Dorothy. Her family name is never explicitly stated in the series but spin-off media refer to her as both Dorothy Gale and Dorothy McShane.

Character history
Ace is a 16-year-old human who first appears in the 1987 serial Dragonfire, where she is working as a waitress in the frozen food retail complex of Iceworld on the planet Svartos. She had been a troubled teen on Earth, having been expelled from school for blowing up the art room as a "creative statement". Gifted in chemistry (despite failing the subject at O-level), she was in her room experimenting with the extraction of nitroglycerin from gelignite when an explosion (later revealed to be a time-storm created by Fenric) swept her up and transported her to Iceworld, many years in the future. There, she meets the Doctor and his companion Mel. When Mel leaves the Doctor at the conclusion of the serial, he offers to take Ace with him in the TARDIS, and she happily accepts.

Ace suffered traumatic events in her childhood, including a bad relationship with her mother Audrey (the daughter of merchant seaman Frank William Dudman and his wife Kathleen, who served in the Women's Royal Naval Service during World War II) and the racially motivated Molotov cocktail firebombing of her friend Manisha's flat when she was 13. Following the latter event, needing to lash out, she burned down a local abandoned Victorian house named Gabriel Chase after sensing the presence of the villain Light there and was put on probation. Consequently, Ace covered up her own fears and insecurities with a streetwise, tough exterior. Her weapons of choice included a baseball bat and a powerful explosive, disapproved of by the Doctor (who nonetheless found it useful on occasion), she called "Nitro-9", which she invented and mixed up in canisters she carried in her backpack.

Affectionately giving the Doctor the nickname of "Professor", Ace is convinced that he needs her to watch his back, and protects him with a fierce loyalty. In turn, the Doctor seems to take a special interest in Ace's education, taking her across the universe and often prompting her to figure out explanations for herself rather than giving her all the answers. However, the Seventh Doctor's increasing tendency to manipulate events and people (including her), even with what appears to be the best of intentions, results in several difficult moments in their relationship.

Under the Doctor's tutelage, Ace fights the Daleks in Remembrance of the Daleks, the Cybermen in Silver Nemesis, encounters the all-powerful Gods of Ragnarok in The Greatest Show in the Galaxy, the sadistic torturer Kandy Man in The Happiness Patrol, and many other dangers. She also faces the ghosts of her own past in Ghost Light and The Curse of Fenric, coming to terms with them and, ironically, creating them in the latter case thanks to the paradoxes of time travel. Over time, she starts to mature into a confident young woman, and her brash exterior ceases to be a front.

What the Doctor is aware of, but Ace is not, is that her arrival on Iceworld was no accident but part of a larger scheme stretching across the centuries and conceived by Fenric, an evil that had existed since the beginning of the universe. Ace is a "Wolf of Fenric", one of many descendants of a Norseman tainted with Fenric's genetic instructions to help free it from its ancient prison so it can evolve humans into the Vampiric Haemovores, and a pawn in the complex game between it and the Doctor. After Fenric is defeated in 1943, Ace continues to journey with the Doctor.

The circumstances of Ace's parting of ways with the Doctor are not known, as the series went on hiatus in 1989 with the end of the very next serial, Survival, in which Ace is returned by the Doctor to Perivale but ultimately chooses to leave again with him. A painting seen in the extended version of Silver Nemesis suggests that at some point in her personal future Ace will end up in 18th or 19th century France. This idea is further explored in the novelisation of The Curse of Fenric and the Virgin New Adventures. The novelisation contains an epilogue not included in the televised serial, in which the Doctor visits an older Ace in 1887 Paris.

If the series had continued, the production team's intent was to have Ace eventually enter the Prydonian Academy on the Doctor's home planet of Gallifrey and train to be a Time Lord. The story Ice Time by Marc Platt, in which this would happen, was never made. When the Seventh Doctor is next seen in the 1996 Doctor Who television movie, he is travelling alone, with no reference made as to what had happened to Ace. In "The Power of the Doctor" (2022), it is said that Ace and the Doctor had some sort of "fallout" which led to her leaving, although what exactly happened is never clarified.

However, in The Sarah Jane Adventures story Death of the Doctor, Sarah Jane reveals to her companions that she has done research on some of the Doctor's companions. She mentions "that Dorothy something — she runs that charity, 'A Charitable Earth' ("ACE"). She's raised billions." In the same episode, the Eleventh Doctor reveals that his Tenth incarnation looked in on each of his former companions as he prepared for regeneration at the end of "The End of Time".

A promotional video made to advertise the Blu-ray release of Doctor Who's twenty-sixth season shows Ace as the head of A Charitable Earth.

She appeared in "The Power of the Doctor" celebrating the BBC Centenary, alongside the returning former companion Tegan Jovanka, the two of them now having been hired by Kate Stewart to work as UNIT freelancers. Ace is reunited with the Doctor - now in "her" thirteenth incarnation - and helps to defeat the Master, the Cybermen and the Daleks, briefly working alongside the Thirteenth Doctor's former companion Graham O'Brien to blow up the Daleks' volcano base. During the adventure, an AI hologram of the Doctor briefly takes on the form of the Seventh Doctor who reconciles with Ace for their falling out. After the adventure, Ace joins Graham's companion support group.

In Tales of the TARDIS, Ace reunited with an aged Seventh Doctor and discussed their adventures. They also discussed the meeting with Fenric and both apologised to each other falling out.

Other appearances
Ace and the Seventh Doctor appeared twice more on television after Doctor Who was cancelled. The first occasion was in 1990, in a special episode of the BBC2 educational programme Search Out Science. In this episode, the Doctor acts as a quiz show host, asking questions about astronomy; Ace, K-9 and "Cedric, from the planet Glurk" are the contestants. The last appearance of Ace on British television was in the Dr Who TV special "The Power of the Doctor" (2022) in Jodie Whittaker's final appearance as the Doctor.

Ace was also featured in the Doctor Who Magazine comic strip sporadically, one of the few television companions to appear in it.

The character is extensively developed in the New Adventures, a BBC-licensed series of novels from Virgin Books continuing on from Survival. Ace becomes more and more frustrated with the Doctor's manipulations; he forcibly separates her from a potential relationship with Robin Yeadon in Nightshade and sacrifices her lover Jan to defeat the alien Hoothi in Love and War by Paul Cornell, which proves to be the last straw. She leaves the TARDIS, joins Spacefleet and fights the Daleks for three years, later rejoining the Doctor and his new companion Bernice Summerfield in Deceit by Peter Darvill-Evans, older and more hardened. This development in the character was the result of a deliberate decision by Darvill-Evans as the editor of the line at Virgin to change Ace and her role in the ongoing narrative. It is first revealed in Blood Heat by Jim Mortimore that Manisha had died in the firebombing of her flat.

Ace's relationship with the Doctor remains strained for some time, boiling over in Blood Heat when the Doctor destroys an unstable parallel Earth (where Manisha is still alive) and under the influence of an alien creature she stabs him through one of his hearts in The Left-Handed Hummingbird. In No Future (also by Cornell) the Meddling Monk tries to manipulate her into betraying the Doctor, which she seemingly does, again stabbing him and leaving him alone on an ice planet. In reality she stabbed him with a pantomime knife from the TARDIS wardrobe and she is playing her own game (partly to teach him what it feels like to be manipulated). When the Monk and his chained Chronovore offer her a chance to return Jan to life, she refuses and rejoins the TARDIS crew, her issues with the Doctor resolved. In Set Piece by Kate Orman, Ace becomes stranded in Ancient Egypt and comes to realise that she can survive without the Doctor, but that she also increasingly sees the world as he does. At the book's end she leaves the Doctor again to become Time's Vigilante, using a short-range time hopper mounted on a motorcycle to patrol a particular segment of time; in effect doing what the Doctor does, but on a smaller scale. She appears in later books, notably Head Games, Happy Endings, and Lungbarrow.

Other spin-off media give contradictory versions of Ace's eventual fate. The comic strip in Doctor Who Magazine has Ace killed off just prior to the events of the 1996 television movie (Ground Zero, DWM #238-#242). In the webcast audio play Death Comes to Time, Ace inherits the mantle of the Time Lords when they become extinct.

Ace's first name is Dorothy, and production notes suggested a possible last name of Gale if desired, an allusion to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In another contradiction, the novels (and, following their lead, Big Finish audio plays) have given Ace the last name of McShane. A sequence of BBC Books' Past Doctor Adventures set after Survival and written by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry used the "Dorothy Gale" name, as the authors were unaware of the name used in the New Adventures. This was eventually resolved to some extent when the novel Loving the Alien by Tucker and Perry saw the original Ace (Dorothy Gale) shot and killed, but replaced by an Ace from another universe whose real name is "Dorothy McShane". Loving the Alien also makes it clear that all the television episodes and Tucker/Perry novels occur before the New Adventures, thus reconciling the different ranges.

Sophie Aldred has voiced Ace for several audio plays produced by Big Finish Productions, alongside Sylvester McCoy as the Seventh Doctor and, in some stories, Lisa Bowerman as Bernice Summerfield or Philip Olivier as Hex Schofield. In one of these stories, The Rapture, Ace discovers that she has a brother named Liam, of whom she had no previous knowledge. As the more experienced traveller, Ace has developed a slightly flirtatious mentor-teacher relationship with Hex. How the audio plays tie in with the other media is not clear, and the continuity of the various lines may not match up with each other.

In 1996, Virgin's Doctor Who Books imprint published a hardback by Sophie Aldred and Mike Tucker entitled Ace!: The Inside Story of the End of an Era (ISBN 1-85227-574-X). This book gives details of each serial featuring the character Ace, complete with many photographs and concept art. It also contains a list of other spin-offs in which the character of Ace appears and some of the conventions which Sophie Aldred attended, along with information about the planned Season 27, including Ace's departure. In 1998, BBV produced a number of audio adventures starring McCoy and Aldred as "The Professor" and "Ace". The plays were not licensed by the BBC, but the duo were clearly intended to be the same characters, to the extent that the BBC intervened, causing BBV to change the character names to "The Dominie" and "Alice".

The Reeltime Pictures video Mindgame features Sophie Aldred as "the Human", imprisoned with a Sontaran and a Draconian, the implication being that she is playing Ace, though for copyright reasons this could not be made explicit.

In 2018, Ace was confirmed to appear in Big Finish Production's audio drama based on Doctor Who spin-off Class, with Aldred reprising her role alongside the show's main cast. The story released that August.

In 2020, BBC Books published At Childhood's End (ISBN 9781785944994), a novel by Aldred featuring Ace, decades after her travels with the Doctor and now running the "A Charitable Earth" charity. The novel also features the Thirteenth Doctor and her companions. Like the charity, the title of the novel forms the acronym "ACE".

Legacy
The character of Ace has been cited as the first "modern" companion for the Doctor. One of the reasons is that her character was written to be more realistic, three-dimensional and to grow as a person throughout her run on the show.

Television

 * Season 24
 * Dragonfire
 * Season 25

 * Remembrance of the Daleks
 * The Happiness Patrol
 * Silver Nemesis
 * The Greatest Show in the Galaxy

 * Season 26

 * Battlefield
 * Ghost Light
 * The Curse of Fenric
 * Survival

 * 30th anniversary special
 * Dimensions in Time
 * 2022 specials
 * "The Power of the Doctor"
 * 2023 specials
 * Tales of the TARDIS: The Curse of Fenric

Audio dramas

 * Doctor Who: The Monthly Adventures

 * The Fearmonger
 * The Genocide Machine
 * The Shadow of the Scourge
 * Dust Breeding
 * Colditz
 * The Rapture
 * The Dark Flame
 * The Harvest
 * Dreamtime
 * LIVE 34
 * Night Thoughts
 * The Settling
 * No Man's Land
 * Nocturne
 * The Dark Husband
 * Forty-Five
 * The Prisoner's Dilemma
 * The Magic Mousetrap
 * Enemy of the Daleks
 * The Angel of Scutari
 * Project Destiny
 * A Death in the Family
 * Lurkers at Sunlight's Edge
 * Protect and Survive
 * Black and White
 * Gods and Monsters
 * 1963: The Assassination Games
 * Afterlife
 * Revenge of the Swarm
 * Mask of Tragedy
 * Signs and Wonders
 * You Are the Doctor and Other Stories
 * A Life of Crime
 * Fiesta of the Damned
 * Maker of Demons
 * Shadow Planet / World Apart
 * The High Price of Parking
 * The Blood Furnace
 * The Silurian Candidate
 * Red Planets
 * The Dispossessed
 * The Quantum Possibility Engine
 * Muse of Fire
 * An Alien Werewolf in London
 * Dark Universe
 * The Flying Frenchmen / Displaced
 * The Grey Man of the Mountain

 * Doctor Who: Special Releases

 * The Veiled Leopard
 * Destiny of the Doctor: Shockwave
 * The Light at the End
 * The Eighth of March: The Big Blue Book
 * The Legacy of Time: The Split Infinitive

 * Doctor Who: The Lost Stories

 * Thin Ice
 * Crime of the Century
 * Animal
 * Earth Aid

 * Doctor Who: The Seventh Doctor Adventures

 * UNIT: Dominion (cameo)
 * The Last Day 1
 * The Last Day 2

 * Doctor Who: Novel Adaptations

 * Love and War
 * Theatre of War
 * All-Consuming Fire
 * Nightshade

 * Doctor Who: The New Adventures of Bernice Summerfield

 * Volume 1
 * Good Night, Sweet Ladies
 * Random Ghosts
 * The Lights of Skaro
 * Volume 2: The Triumph of Sutekh
 * The Pyramid of Sutekh
 * The Vaults of Osiris
 * The Eye of Horus
 * The Tears of Isis

 * Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Adventures
 * Tenth Doctor, Classic Companions
 * Quantum of Axos

 * Gallifrey

 * Intervention Earth
 * Enemy Lines
 * Time War 1
 * Celestial Intervention
 * Soldier Obscura

 * Class: The Audio Adventures

 * In Remembrance

 * Torchwood: Monthly Range

 * The Red List
 * Death in Venice
 * Sabotage

 * Doctor Who: Short Trips

 * Police and Shreeves
 * Critical Mass
 * Seven to One
 * The Riparian Ripper
 * The Shadow Trader
 * Crystal Ball
 * Dark Convoy
 * Washington Burns
 * The Shrine of Sorrows
 * Forever Fallen
 * Doctors and Dragons
 * Dead Woman Walking

Novels

 * Virgin New Adventures

 * Timewyrm: Genesys by John Peel
 * Timewyrm: Exodus by Terrance Dicks
 * Timewyrm: Apocalypse by Nigel Robinson
 * Timewyrm: Revelation by Paul Cornell
 * Cat's Cradle: Time's Crucible by Marc Platt
 * Cat's Cradle: Warhead by Andrew Cartmel
 * Cat's Cradle: Witch Mark by Andrew Hunt
 * Nightshade by Mark Gatiss
 * Love and War by Paul Cornell
 * Deceit by Peter Darvill-Evans
 * Lucifer Rising by Jim Mortimore and Andy Lane
 * White Darkness by David A. McIntee
 * Shadowmind by Christopher Bulis
 * Birthright by Nigel Robinson
 * Blood Heat by Jim Mortimore
 * The Dimension Riders by Daniel Blythe
 * The Left-Handed Hummingbird by Kate Orman
 * Conundrum by Steve Lyons
 * No Future by Paul Cornell
 * Tragedy Day by Gareth Roberts
 * Legacy by Gary Russell
 * Theatre of War by Justin Richards
 * All-Consuming Fire by Andy Lane
 * Blood Harvest by Terrance Dicks
 * Strange England by Simon Messingham
 * First Frontier by David A. McIntee
 * St Anthony's Fire by Mark Gatiss
 * Falls the Shadow by Daniel O'Mahony
 * Parasite by Jim Mortimore
 * Warlock by Andrew Cartmel
 * Set Piece by Kate Orman
 * Head Games by Steve Lyons
 * Happy Endings by Paul Cornell
 * The Death of Art by Simon Bucher-Jones
 * Lungbarrow by Marc Platt

 * Past Doctor Adventures

 * Illegal Alien by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry
 * The Hollow Men by Martin Day and Keith Topping
 * Matrix by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry
 * Storm Harvest by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry
 * Prime Time by Mike Tucker
 * Independence Day by Peter Darvill-Evans
 * Relative Dementias by Mark Michalowski
 * Heritage by Dale Smith
 * Loving the Alien by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry
 * The Algebra of Ice by Lloyd Rose
 * Atom Bomb Blues by Andrew Cartmel
 * The Colony of Lies by Colin Brake

 * Telos Doctor Who novellas
 * Citadel of Dreams by Dave Stone

 * Penguin Fiftieth Anniversary eBook novellas
 * The Ripple Effect by Malorie Blackman

 * BBC Books
 * At Childhood's End by Sophie Aldred

Short stories

 * "Question Mark Pyjamas", by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry (Decalog 2: Lost Property)
 * "Stop the Pigeon", by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry (Short Trips)
 * "uPVC", by Paul Farnsworth (More Short Trips)
 * "Monsters", by Tara Samms (Short Trips and Sidesteps)
 * "Storm in a Tikka", by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry (Short Trips and Sidesteps)
 * "Virgin Lands", by Sarah Groenewegen (Short Trips: Zodiac)
 * "Hymn of the City", by Sarah Groenewegen (Short Trips: The Muses)
 * "Cold War", by Rebecca Levene (Short Trips: Steel Skies)
 * "Ante Bellum", by Stephen Hatcher (Short Trips: Past Tense)
 * "Echo", by Lance Parkin (Short Trips: Life Science)
 * "A Rose By Any Other Name", by Jim Mortimore (Short Trips: Life Science)
 * "The Ghost's Story", by Trevor Baxendale (Short Trips: Repercussions)
 * "Last Rites", by Marc Platt (Short Trips: Monsters)
 * "These Things Take Time", by Samantha Baker (Short Trips: Monsters)
 * "Categorical Imperative", by Simon Guerrier (Short Trips: Monsters)
 * "A Yuletide Tail: Part One", by Dave Stone (Short Trips: A Christmas Treasury)
 * "A Yuletide Tail: Part Two", by Dave Stone (Short Trips: A Christmas Treasury)
 * "Six Impossible Things Before Breakfast", by Dan Abnett (Short Trips: A Day in the Life)
 * "The Heroine, The Hero and the Meglomaniac", by Ian Mond, (Short Trips: A Day in the Life)
 * "Presence", by Peter Anghelides (Short Trips: The History of Christmas)
 * "The Anchorite's Echo", by Scott Andrews (Short Trips: The History of Christmas)
 * "Natalie's Diary", by Joseph Lidster (Short Trips: Dalek Empire)
 * "The Report", by Gary Russell (Short Trips: Snapshots)
 * "But Once a Year", by Colin Harvey (Short Trips: The Ghosts of Christmas)
 * "The Tide and Time", by Neil Corry (Short Trips: Defining Patterns)
 * "One Card For The Curious", by Xanna Eve Chown (Short Trips: Defining Patterns)
 * "Seance", by John Davies (Short Trips: Defining Patterns)
 * "The Devil Like a Bear", by Brian Willis (Short Trips: Defining Patterns)
 * "Pierrot le Who?", by Andrew K Lawston (Shelf Life)

Misc

 * Ace Returns! I The Collection: Season 26 Announcement Trailer I Doctor Who

title: Ace (Doctor Who)


text:
Tritec

Tritec may refer to:

 * A joint venture between Chrysler and BMW/Rover to produce the Tritec car engine
 * The brand name for ranitidine bismuth citrate, a drug used to treat Helicobacter pylori infections

title: Tritec


text:
Ed Turlington

Ed Turlington is an American lawyer and Democratic Party activist. He is an at-large member of the Democratic National Committee, since his election in 2009.

A Democratic Party activist since the age of 15 in Sampson County, Turlington served as a senior aide to Governors Terry Sanford, Jim Hunt, and Lieutenant Governor Robert B. Jordan, as well as the North Carolina Democratic Party's executive director. He was Campaign Manager for Hunt's successful 1996 reelection campaign in North Carolina. With Hunt's backing, Turlington ran unsuccessfully for chairman of the North Carolina Democratic Party in 2005, losing to Jerry Meek.

Turlington was National General Chair of Senator John Edwards's 2004 presidential campaign and advised his 2008 campaign. He was Deputy Campaign Manager of Bill Bradley's 2000 run for the same office. He attended the 1976, 2000 and 2004 Democratic National Conventions as a delegate from North Carolina. He served as a member of the Democratic National Committee (DNC)'s Commission on the Presidential Nominating Calendar in 2005.

Turlington holds an undergraduate degree from Duke University and received his J.D. degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Ed Turlington is Henry Turlington's father.

title: Ed Turlington


text:
Jan Malypetr

Jan Malypetr (21 December 1873 in Klobuky – 27 September 1947 in Slaný) was a Czechoslovak politician. As prime minister during the Great Depression he strong-armed Czechoslovakia into a more rapid economic recovery than elsewhere in Europe.

A member of the Agrarian Party, he was the minister of Interior, and chairman of the Chamber of Deputies from 17 December 1925 to 29 October 1932 and again from 5 November 1935 to 1939.

Malypetr served three terms as prime minister of Czechoslovakia:
 * 29 October 1932 – 14 February 1934
 * 14 February 1934 – 4 June 1935
 * 4 June 1935 – 5 November 1935

Early life
Jan Malypetr came from landed gentry in the German speaking part of Bohemia. After attending high school and business school in Kadaň, he worked on his parents' estate, which was called u Sakulínů. He also became the president of the local sugar beet cooperative refinery.

In 1899 Malypetr joined the Agrarian Party and in 1906 became a member of its executive committee. From 1911 to 1914 he was mayor in his home town of Klobuky. From 1914 to 1918 he was mayor in Slaný.

When Czechoslovakia became independent in 1918, Jan Malypetr was appointed to the first so-called Revolutionary National Assembly under the Provisional Constitution. In 1920, in the first parliamentary elections, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the National Assembly.

Legacy
Among his grandsons was author Jiří Stránský. Women's Chess Grandmaster Jana Bellin is his granddaughter.

title: Jan Malypetr