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Wink (animated file)

Winks are Flash-based animated files that appear in Windows Live Messenger. When a user sends a Wink to a friend, the animation file is transferred over the Internet and is displayed on the recipient's computer screen. Microsoft provides some Winks for free with Windows Live Messenger and also links to third party websites where other Winks can be purchased.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wink (animated file)


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International Speedway Corporation

International Speedway Corporation (ISC) was a corporation whose primary business was the ownership and management of motorsports race tracks. ISC was founded by NASCAR founder Bill France Sr. in 1953 for the construction of Daytona International Speedway and in 1999 it merged with Penske Motorsports to become one of the largest motorsports companies in North America. The company played an important, though controversial, role in the modernization of the sport. It worked with NASCAR to create new tracks and update older ones in an effort to improve the racing and the experience for spectators and has constructed popular new tracks in regions previously thought uninterested in NASCAR. Because both companies have several members of the France family in top positions, ISC's competitors have filed multiple lawsuits on antitrust grounds

On May 20, 2019, NASCAR agreed to purchase ISC for approximately US$2 billion, with it the purchase closing October 18, 2019. It has been dissolved into NASCAR.

Bill France Racing
International Speedway Corporation (ISC) was founded as Bill France Racing, Inc. (later Daytona International Speedway Corporation) in 1953 and in 1957 the company signed a contract for the use of land on which to build Daytona International Speedway, one of the world's first superspeedways. A decade later, France decided to build another superspeedway, this time on a 2,000 acre site near Talladega, Alabama and after its completion Talladega Superspeedway became NASCAR's fastest track. These two tracks were the fastest on the series schedule until the advent of restrictor plates in 1988. In 1968, the company assumed its current name to reflect its more ambitious scope. Two years later, ISC created the Motor Racing Network, a play-by-play radio network for NASCAR races, with MRN's first race coverage coming at the 1970 Daytona 500.

Transition
The early 1980s saw NASCAR's popularity increase, not only among fans, but also with sponsors. Companies like Ford, General Motors, Winston and Gatorade were willing to put up advertising dollars and holding auto races became a much more profitable venture. To capitalize on this, the company began pursuing expansion through the purchase of existing tracks. In 1982, the company bought one of the series' most popular and traditional ones, Darlington Raceway which has been in operation since 1950, as well as Tucson Raceway Park, a .375 mi dirt oval (since paved) in Arizona. The following year they partnered with Corning Glass Works to purchase the Watkins Glen International road course in upstate New York. In 1987, Bill France Sr. stepped down as president of the company with Jim France replacing him. Two years later, ISC incorporated its food service company, Americrown.

Penske merger
By this time ISC was profitable, but most of their races were still in the South and in mostly rural areas, with many of the country's major cities like Los Angeles, Detroit, Miami and Chicago lacking a nearby track. ISC began looking for ways to change this in the late 1990s. Homestead-Miami Speedway was built in 1995 by Ralph Sanchez and Wayne Huizenga and in 1997 ISC and Penske Motorsports (owned by motorsports magnate Roger Penske) partnered with the track's owners. In 1999, the company continued its push into the country's urban centers when it merged with Penske, who at the time owned four speedways: Nazareth Speedway, North Carolina Speedway in Rockingham, North Carolina, Michigan International Speedway and the newly constructed Auto Club Speedway (which opened as California Speedway). Chairman Bill France Jr. cited the company's "attractive markets" as one of the major reasons for going ahead with the deal. The new company retained the ISC name, with Penske's son Gregory Penske joining the board of directors. Not all of the new tracks from the Penske merger fit into the company's plans however, as Nazareth was soon closed down and Rockingham was sold. The merger also gave ISC a 90% stake in Homestead-Miami Speedway and the company soon bought out the final 10% to acquire complete control over the track.

In the same year, ISC formed the Motorsports Alliance with the owners of the historic Indianapolis Motor Speedway; this company would go after another huge market in Chicago by building the new Chicagoland Speedway in nearby Joliet, Illinois and by buying out the smaller Route 66 Raceway dragstrip. In 2007, ISC bought out its partners in the company to take control of both tracks.

In 2001, ISC would continue its trend towards modern facilities by constructing Kansas Speedway near Kansas City. In 2003, Lesa Kennedy took over from Jim France the role of president of the company. On June 1, 2009, John R. Saunders took over as President of ISC, becoming the first ISC president without a "France" surname. Saunders held the position of executive vice president of operations prior to becoming president.

On January 28, 2019, it was revealed on ISC's 2018 annual report that a total of 78,000 seats were removed from Chicagoland, Darlington, Kansas, Martinsville, Michigan, Phoenix, and Richmond.

Final years and acquisition by NASCAR
When it merged with NASCAR, the company owned 13 active tracks which collectively held 18 of the 36 events on the schedule of the NASCAR Cup Series. In addition to the stock car racing that NASCAR is famous for, ISC tracks also hosted IndyCar Series races, USCC, Grand-Am, IMSA GT and SCCA sports car races, WKA go-kart races and AMA motorcycle races. Besides NASCAR, other stock car series like IROC and ARCA used their tracks.

The company's other holdings included the Motor Racing Network, a radio network that broadcasts NASCAR events, and Americrown, a food service business that operates concession stands at its tracks. In 2005, ISC partnered with Speedway Motorsports, Inc. to form Motorsports Authentics, a company that markets and distributes NASCAR-related souvenirs and collectibles.

Prior to 2019, ISC was a separate company from NASCAR, but was also controlled by the France family. About 35% of the stock in ISC was owned by the heirs of NASCAR founder Bill France and the remainder traded on the stock market. Lesa Kennedy is CEO and Jim France is Chairman. On May 20, 2019, it was announced that NASCAR would fully acquire ISC and take it private. The sale was completed on October 21, 2019.

Former Tracks

 * Lists the year the company gained a controlling interest (>50%) in the track.
 * Nazareth was sold in 2015, the sale was conditional on racing not returning. It has been partially demolished.
 * ISC sold North Carolina Speedway to Speedway Motorsports as part of a settlement in the Ferko lawsuit, who subsequently auctioned the track to former racer Andy Hillenburg. Hillenburg renamed the track Rockingham Speedway and is planning to hold several stock car events there in an attempt to revive the track.
 * ISC shut down Pikes Peak International Raceway shortly after purchasing it, with NASCAR moving the track's Busch Series date to Martinsville. In 2008, the track was sold to a private company, Pikes Peak International Raceway, LLC.
 * ISC sold Tucson Raceway Park to David Deery, the track's general manager, in 2002.

Past expansion plans
ISC and NASCAR made public their desire to have a presence in areas it sees as having the potential for growth, most notably the Pacific Northwest and New York City.

Marysville
In 2003, ISC began scouting sites in Washington and Oregon for a new track to attract fans from around the Pacific Northwest, eventually settling on a site near Marysville, Washington in Snohomish County, Washington north of Seattle. Although the plan was met with some resistance from residents – particularly those living near the site for the planned speedway – local business owners and other residents were in favor of the plan, believing that the track would be good for the area's economy and would create jobs. Unlike ISC's later proposal in New York, the Marysville proposal would be supported by public funds raised through taxes, in much the same way as other sports venues in the area (KeyArena, Safeco Field, CenturyLink Field). The track would have been publicly owned and leased to ISC. In November 2004, local officials and ISC announced that they could not go through with the deal, saying that the costs for that particular site would be too high.

Bremerton, Washington
After the deal in Marysville fell through, ISC courted another site, this time south of Bremerton National Airport in Bremerton, Washington just across Puget Sound from Seattle. Although like the Marysville proposal the proposal in Bremerton was to be partially funded with public money, the money will not come directly from taxes but instead from bonds funded by taxes, in a scheme similar to the one used to fund Kansas Speedway. Also like the Marysville proposal, the Bremerton track would be publicly owned and leased to ISC for three races per year. ISC's current proposal was met with a lukewarm response from area lawmakers and citizens, but the company has promised to present an improved offer for early 2007.

In March 2007, Washington state representative Larry Seaquist caused a minor controversy when he was quoted as saying, "These people are not the kind of people you would want living next door to you. They'd be the ones with the junky cars in the front yard and would try to slip around the law." The quote was assumed to be an attack on NASCAR fans but Seaquist later claimed that it was directed at ISC.

In April 2007, this plan was also abandoned by ISC after failing to get their bill out of committee in the Washington State Legislature or to gain the full support of the Kitsap County Commissioners.

New York City
On November 30, 2004, the company made no secret of its interest in building a superspeedway in the New York market and was in talks with Staten Island officials about the logistics of constructing a track there. In 2004, ISC purchased 600 acre on Staten Island in New York City for the construction of a 4/5 mi short track that would hold 80,000 fans and have the New York City skyline as its backdrop. The proposal was met with fierce resistance from many of the island's residents. At a public meeting in April 2006, police had to end the meeting early for fears of rioting and safety concerns. One report had a local councilman being put in a headlock after one particularly provoking speech (though one ISC official called it merely a "hug for the TV cameras"). In December 2006, ISC dropped their pursuit of the project.

Colorado
On February 13, 2007, the company announced that they were looking into building a track in Colorado. The 75,000-seat track would be built on one of two locations in Adams County, just east of Denver. The company would also be looking to use the same type of combination of public and private funds for the race track as in Kansas and Washington.

Ferko lawsuit
Francis Ferko, a stockholder in Speedway Motorsports, Inc., sued NASCAR and ISC in 2002 for violating federal antitrust laws and breach of contract for not awarding a second Winston Cup Series date to Texas Motor Speedway, claiming that the second race was "promised" to the SMI track by NASCAR. After an attempt by NASCAR to get the case dismissed, another shareholder, Rusty Vaughn, joined the case as co-plaintiff in 2003. Although NASCAR CEO Brian France initially said he was going to fight the case in the courts, in April 2004 it was announced that the case had been settled out of court with Texas getting the Cup date previously belonging to North Carolina Speedway and, as part of the deal, agreeing to purchase North Carolina—which now had no dates at all—from ISC for $100 million. Other races on the schedule were also moved around as a result (see NASCAR Realignment).

Kentucky Speedway lawsuit
In 2005, Kentucky Speedway filed a similar lawsuit against ISC and NASCAR, claiming that NASCAR violated antitrust laws by not awarding them a Sprint Cup Series race, noting the close relationship between NASCAR, ISC, and the France Family. NASCAR sought to have the case thrown out by arguing that the speedway wasn't trying to end the alleged anticompetitive practices, they were merely trying to benefit from them as well. This motion was denied, however. A motion to move the case from Kentucky to Florida – home of NASCAR and ISC – was also rejected. ISC, for its part, said it shouldn't be involved in the case at all as it conducts no business in the state. Lawyers for Kentucky Speedway contended that the company does business online and is just as responsible for the lack of competition in granting the races as NASCAR is.

Initially, Kentucky had wanted the jury to force NASCAR to grant the speedway a Sprint Cup Series event but in 2007 they changed their demand to instead force the France family to sell either NASCAR or ISC. The track is also demanding that NASCAR develop objective standards for the awarding of their race events and damages of $200 million. In January 2008, the court dismissed the lawsuit, saying that the plaintiffs had failed to make their case. Kentucky Speedway says they will appeal the court's decision.

In 2011, Kentucky Speedway, now owned by SMI, received a date, the Quaker State 400, on the Cup Series schedule, which lasted until 2020.

title: International Speedway Corporation


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June Marlowe

June Marlowe (born Gisela Valaria Goetten, November 6, 1903 – March 10, 1984) was an American film actress who began her career during the silent film era. She was best known for her role as "Miss Crabtree" in the Our Gang shorts.

Career
Marlowe was born to German parents in St. Cloud, Minnesota. She was a prolific actress in silent films during the 1920s, appearing in films opposite John Barrymore and Rin Tin Tin. She began her acting career shortly after her 1923 graduation from Hollywood High School, and was signed to a contract by Warner Brothers in 1924.

In 1925, she became one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars. In 1928, she was an actress under contract with Universal Studios. Her career did well until the introduction of talkies. Marlowe did not make an easy transition, and by 1930 she was starting to drift away from acting.

By chance, she happened to meet director Robert F. McGowan one day in a Los Angeles, California, department store. McGowan was searching for an actress to portray the schoolteacher in the Our Gang series of children's comedies. After producer Hal Roach suggested that brunette Marlowe don a blonde wig to match the hair of the lead kid in the series, Jackie Cooper, she was given the part of Miss Crabtree.

Marlowe and Cooper were paired together in three Our Gang films, Teacher's Pet, School's Out and Love Business. She also had a small role in 1931's Little Daddy. In addition to her work in Our Gang, Marlowe appeared in fellow Roach stars Laurel and Hardy's first feature film, Pardon Us.

Marlowe's Miss Crabtree character was used in only two more shorts, 1931's Shiver My Timbers and 1932's Readin' and Writin'. After Cooper left Our Gang in 1931 she appeared in MGM features.

Later years and death
In an October 1973 notice, Washington's Evening Star newspaper announced that the Superior Court in Los Angeles "returned a verdict of $100 damages to Henry M. Oviatt against June Marlowe, film actress, and her brother, Armour Marlowe, as the outgrowth of a motor car collision," adding that their automobile had "collided with one containing Oviatt and Mrs. Nellie McLaren, who sued for $5,000 each, alleging injuries", and that "Mrs. McLaren was denied damages."

On July 2, 1933, Marlowe married Hollywood businessman Rodney Sprigg and retired from motion pictures to become a housewife. The couple remained married until Sprigg's death in 1982. In her later years, she suffered from Parkinson's disease, dying from complications on March 10, 1984.

Marlowe was originally buried at the San Fernando Mission Cemetery. She was later re-interred in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels.

In popular culture
The name of schoolteacher Edna Krabappel, a cartoon character from the animated television series The Simpsons, was chosen by early Simpsons writers Wallace Wolodarsky and Jay Kogen in 1990 as a play on the fruit "crabapple" and as a reference to Miss Crabtree from the Our Gang shorts.

June Marlowe's Our Gang character Miss Crabtree was mentioned in "Buddy", a track on De La Soul's album 3 Feet High and Rising.

title: June Marlowe


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Category talk:Measurement

I'm adding back in Physics as a subcategory of Measurement - since it is intimately involved in measurement. Masurement is as much part of Physics as it is also part of Mathmematics. The argument about Physics being part of Interdisciplinary does not work - Physics is not a member of this category. Why remove Physics and leave Mathematics? Please discuss further before removing this subcategory. Thanks, Ian Cairns 13:50, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

My mistake, assuming Interdisciplinary covered Physics. Thx for the correction. --Hooperbloob 17:06, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Vandalism
Check top of page... The main article for this category is Measurement. i i am borde what is this?????????????????

Gilawson 17:17, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Measurement


text:
Lymphadenectomy

Lymphadenectomy, or lymph node dissection, is the surgical removal of one or more groups of lymph nodes. It is almost always performed as part of the surgical management of cancer. In a regional lymph node dissection, some of the lymph nodes in the tumor area are removed; in a radical lymph node dissection, most or all of the lymph nodes in the tumor area are removed.

Indications
It is usually done because many types of cancer have a marked tendency to produce lymph node metastasis early in their natural histories. This is particularly true of melanoma, head and neck cancer, differentiated thyroid cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. Famed British surgeon Berkeley Moynihan once remarked that "the surgery of cancer is not the surgery of organs; it is the surgery of the lymphatic system."

The better-known examples of lymphadenectomy are axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer; radical neck dissection for head and neck cancer and thyroid cancer; D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer; and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.

With sentinel node biopsy
For clinical stages I and II breast cancer, axillary lymph node dissection should only be performed after first attempting a sentinel node biopsy. A sentinel node biopsy can establish cancer staging of the axilla if there are positive lymph nodes present. It is also less risky than performing a lymphadenectomy, having fewer side effects and a much lower chance of causing lymphedema. If cancer is not present in the sentinel lymph nodes, then the axillary lymph node dissection should not be performed.

If one or two sentinel nodes have cancer that is not extensive, then no axillary dissection should be performed, but the person with cancer should have breast-conserving surgery and chemotherapy appropriate for their stage of cancer.

Complications
Lymphedema may result from lymphadenectomy. Extensive resection of lymphatic tissue can lead to the formation of a lymphocele.

It is uncertain whether inserting wound drainage after groin lymph nodes dissection can reduce complications such as seroma, haematoma, wound dehiscence, and wound infection.

title: Lymphadenectomy


text:
User:Kjoonlee

Search user languages

Hi, please feel free to talk to me on my Talk page.

I'm interested in science, science fiction, natural languages, music, and digital audio.

I'm a fan of Arthur C. Clarke, Neal Stephenson, Larry Niven, Cory Doctorow and Paul Chafe. I speak Korean and English, and can read a little Japanese and French. I like the music of Sheryl Crow, Shawn Colvin, Jewel, Alanis Morissette, Tracy Chapman, Meredith Brooks, the Corrs, the Dixie Chicks and Mary Chapin Carpenter. I'm interested in Vorbis.

I'm Kjoonlee here (although I spell it kjoonlee in other places). I also go to ko.wikipedia.org, but I'm not that active over there. Choose "한국어" from the list of other languages and you'll arrive at my Korean User page.

Misc

 * my subpages
 * TODO
 * Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Dinosaurs: Dino names
 * List of dinosaurs
 * Ben Creisler's Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide
 * Scalable Vector Graphics
 * A Guide to Inkscape
 * Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Phonetics
 * Template talk:IPA
 * History of the IPA
 * International Phonetic Alphabet
 * IPA chart for English dialects
 * IPA for English
 * IPA
 * Lexical set

ko:사용자:Kjoonlee fr:Utilisateur:Kjoonlee ja:利用者:Kjoonlee sv:Användare:Kjoonlee

title: User:Kjoonlee


text: User talk:81.205.80.164

title: User talk:81.205.80.164


text:
User talk:Jguk/Maurreen and jguk

This page (created by jguk and not as yet agreed to by Maurreen) is a forum in which Maurreen and jguk can discuss their respective positions. It is hoped that this page will be short lived and will be deleted as soon as the aim of this page has been reached.

Jguk's aim is for Maurreen and himself to reach a mutual understanding of each other's positions. Whilst this page will contain discussions on how each of us has interpreted the other's actions, these comments are made in the acknowledgment that each of us has almost certainly misunderstood the other's actions and views, and are made in the spirit of trying to reach a mutual understanding.

Note in particular that this page is not a forum for personal attacks, and no users other than jguk and Maurreen should edit it or offer any comment on it. Any such edits will be removed.

My outlook (by jguk)
My view is that Wikipedia is an international collaboration that is read and edited by English-speakers worldwide. The international aspect of the collaberation is one of its strongest points. Therefore my outlook on the WP:MOS is that it should permit any form of standard English as long as each article is internally consistent. However, articles should be as understandable to as wide a range of English-speakers as possible. So where a particular phrase or word is peculiar to one form of standard English, that phrase or word should either be replaced by a suitable synonym, or alternatively should be explained.

In terms of the WP:MOS itself, I feel we should have a stronger requirement. We want everyone, wherever they are to be welcomed and encouraged to use the WP:MOS where necessary. Avoiding overt American, British, Australian, etc., etc. references is part of that. Also, I feel the WP:MOS itself should be written using linguistically neutral words, phrases, grammar, etc.. By linguistically neutral, I mean words, phrase, grammar that are common to all forms of standard English. This is because it avoids giving the impression that Wikipedia (despite comments to the contrary) does in fact prefer one form over another.

I do not feel this is not a difficult or unreasonable requirement. In fact, we are very nearly there. Referring to "full stop (period)" is the closest we can go to neutrality on that point - there is no neutral term. That is why I proposed the "full stop (period)" formulation. There is no suitable synonym and that formulation explains the term "full stop" to those unfamiliar with it. Of course, "period (full stop)" would be equally acceptable. The only other change necessary to achieve this is removing the initial reference to the "Chicago Manual of Style". Opening the MOS with an American quote is not welcoming to non-American readers. Of course, opening the MOS with a Bristish, or Canadian, or South African quote would have a similar negative effect. That is why I am proposing to change this. As I say, apart from this one quote, I think the MOS is already linguistically neutral. (Indeed, I am not surprised you thought the MOS was in US English. I suppose it is. It is also in UK, Irish, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, etc. etc. English too.)

jguk's outlook on his own actions
Here I describe how I see my own actions on the WP:MOS and WP:MOS talk page.

My first amendment to the WP:MOS was as a newbie. It fairly quickly got reverted. Fair enough. I have discussed every other change which I consider to be substantive on the talk page first.

When you proposed your draft trim, I made various comments and further proposed changes. We discussed these and came to agreement and the draft trim got posted to the main page.

Later I proposed a draft trim of my own. I did this openly and set up a separate discussion page for it, linked clearly from the main talk page, and I invited comparison with the then existing main page by adding the main page into the draft trim history for ease of comparison. A number of queries were raised to the draft trim, some of which resulted in further amendments or some untrimming. Once agreement was reached on this trim, it was posted direct to the main page.

There were a couple of substantive changes I wished to make regarding using stops in the abbreviation "U.S." regardless of where it appeared in Wikipedia and the requirement to use Oxford commas even where there was no ambiguity that needed disambiguating. I felt that a substantive change to the MOS deserved a wide audience, and proposed a poll so that more than the three or four regular contributors to the WP:MOS talk page could contribute. Canvassing opinions amongst wider Wikipedians, I think, is reasonable in some circumstances, and I felt this was one of them.

The text of the poll was written by me - I deliberately did no write "against" sections as I would only write them from a biased perspective. No doubt Wikipedians who wished to write "against" would - as they did in their comments attached to their votes. Similar, some Wikipedians supporting the proposals also offered comments of their own.

Policies should have consensus, and the choices in the vote were pretty much black and white: to (1) reject current policy and either remove it or replace it with something else; or (2) to keep existing policy. Unfortunately the result of the poll was a tie - 50:50 on one, one vote in it in the other: neither existing policy nor the proposed replacement had a consensus. Neither should be policy.

My draft trim became live on 24 November 2004 (which as noted above, was after agreement had been reached on it between those choosing to comment). I then proposed the replacement of the quotation at the start. To be honest, I made a mistake here. I hadn't realised that Jallan had reinserted the quotation into the draft trim script before I let it go live. Maybe I should have left the point there for the time being. I was annoyed with myself and no-one ever thinks as clearly as they can when they were annoyed. Later, other Wikipedians, probably the majority of those commenting on it, have supported the replacement of the quotation with some "Wikipedia's own wording", but the proposal to change it was not introduced as well as it should have been.

On 26 November and 27 November 2004 I made the following changes. The changes to "Italicization" were to shorten and better word the section. The reason for changing "period" to "full stop (period)" is discussed above. It could just as easily be to "period (full stop)", but like any writer, I tend towards my preferred style, which no doubt led to me putting the UK English word first. But also, as noted above, I do not think it too important which form comes first as long as the other follows it.

The amendment to "commas" simplified the structure and took account of the result of the poll (namely that current "policy" has no consensus and so shouldn't be policy, but the replacement version similarly has no consensus and also should not be policy). As noted above, excessive quotation of sources from one country gives a non-linguistically neutral feel, and three references for one point seem excessive. I accept that it is useful to give other guidance, and so later added a link into the Wikipedia article on the Oxford comma so readers wanting more advice can see it there.

The other change was to the "U.S." paragraph. This was a paragraph on which we had a poll where there was no consensus either to remove the paragraph or for it to stay. I updated the paragraph in a way that I saw as being in accordance with that poll. There was a minor wording improvement, but also the removal of the wording "we prefer it that way". I removed the phrase "we prefer it that way" because it is factually incorrect. The poll result showed that at least half of those voting do not prefer it that way.

After you opposed these changes on the talk page, I made comments in defence. In retrospect, I should not have been so eager to carry on commenting on them. I took offence as what I took to be your ignoring the position that most editors agreed with me on this change. Whilst I feel each of my comments in isolation is acceptable, I should not have felt a need to respond to each and every point you were making.

jguk's outlook on Maurreen and her actions
''In making these comments, I fully acknowledge that I have almost certainly misinterpreted Maurreen. These comments are made so Maurreen can better understand the differences in outlook that we have. I hope Maurreen will make similar comments about me.''

I know from your user page that you are a copyeditor by trade and can see your links to various websites for copyeditors. I can also see from your user contributions that all your changes outside the talk pages are copyedits. You have also taken a strong view on all style guides being prescriptive and prefer a prescriptive approach over the laissez-faire approach that I have. When you are at work, prescriptivism must rule. However, I do not think this applies to Wikipedia.

I'm sure that what I am about to say is not the impression you intended to give, but feel it would be useful to explain this so you can see where I am coming from. Put bluntly, I have formed the view that you try to stifle any proposals made to change the WP:MOS that you do not like. I do not feel this applies to me specifically as I have seen you take that approach with other users. I feel that part of the reason I end up in more disputes with you than with anyone else is because I propose more changes than others.

To my mind the stifling involves first outright rejection. If that does not work, sometimes, but not always, reliance is placed on another user, Jallan. If that does not work RfC and contacting users you feel will support you to come onto the talk page to offer comments. More recently, after questioning my changes of 26th and 27th and finding out the first three responses were actually in total support of my changes, I feel you over-reacted. Discussions on each of the changes made (except for the one on italics) were opened by you. A message was left on RfC. You proposed a compromise which was not a compromise (at least in my mind, since some of the changes were compromises in line with the poll result). Then, after lots of text, you have asked whether anyone actually agrees with me (despite comments from other editors showing the position was 5-3 in favour of my changes). Now, as noted above, I am sure that is not the impression you intended to give, and I know I would have done better to not have responded to each and every point you make. But this is where my thoughts currently lie.

I also feel that you object when someone takes an approach you do not like, even when you have adopted the same or a similar approach yourself. For instance, I felt you took exception to my proposing a draft trim even though you had proposed something similar yourself. You were happy to involve others in the page by way of RfC or leaving messages on userpages, but objected strongly to involving others by way of a poll.

Final comments
As noted above, I offer these comments constructively so that you can have a better idea of where I am coming from. I hope you will have read them in the spirit in which they were offered. I should also be grateful if you would make similar comments as it would allow us to gain at least a mutual understanding of each other, and hopefully lead to fewer disputes in the future.

Maurreen's initial thoughts
(An introductory note: I am writing this before reading Jguk's initial comments.)

Most, if not all, of our disagreements concerning the style guide could have been resolved amicably if you had discussed the matter first at the talk page before changing the style guide, and especially if you had gained consensus there. You yourself have enforced the "talk first" custom on the style guide.

But sometimes it at least appears that we interpret various things differently, such as what any consensus might be.

I am much more disturbed by your behavior than I am concerned about individual style matters in general, and all of those under dispute. I care very little about serial commas themselves. If any of your preferred style changes had gained consensus, I would have let it go.

In my perception, you are unwilling to let go. This is demonstrated by what I perceive to be your pushing concerning the issues of "U.S." and serial commas since October 17.

When you held the poll, which I consider sudden, I asked you specifically what brought it on. My hope was that finding out and discussing any underlying issues could have resolved that matter with less fuss. I have already noted various problems that I perceive related to that poll.

You take what I perceive to be an unwarranted nationalistic perspective toward the style guide. I have asked for specific discussion of the "neutrality" issue, as a productive, constructive measure. Neither you nor anyone else responded to that specifically.

In my view, any perceived American bias in the style guide is balanced by its style for quotation marks, a British practice.

In my perception, some things you have done are contrary to your professed preference for "neutral" language. These include:
 * Changing the word "period" to "full stop (period)". My rationale for this I already explained on the talk page. In short, "period (full stop)" is inherently no better or worse. But it does follow the spirit of the style guide more closely. That is, if either British or American usage must be subordinated to the other, the primary usage should be that of the original author.
 * Changing "Serial comma" to "Oxford comma". If nothing else, "serial comma" is more easily understood by those unfamiliar with the term than "Oxford comma" is by those unfamiliar with that term.

Further, in my perception, you have made mild but snide remarks about me. Your comments at Version 1.0 Editorial Team I do not consider productive.

Your comment on the style guide talk page, that no one but copy editors cares about certain points, is at best contrary to your editing of the style guide, in my perception.

In my view, our initial disagreement, about the article title for the September 11 attacks, started our amicably enough. That changed when you deleted some of my comments from the talk page. I'm not referring to the accidental deletion, but something before that. Maurreen 21:00, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Maurreen's response to jguk's outlook
I appreciate the constructive spirit and dialogue. I hope my comments come across the same way.

After reading your initial comments, I agree that we have misunderstood the other's actions and views.

Some points of yours or my own I am not addressing at this time essentially because I don't have the energy. That is not meant in any way negative.

The style guide in general
Concerning the style guide as a whole, I am generally less concerned with what the style is than how the style guide is developed and maintained.

About language neutrality as it relates to the style guide, I will neither agree nor disagree at this time. My concern is that, apart from this discussion page between us, the issue deserves its own specific discussion either on the style guide talk page or linked from it. I am less concerned with whether the style guide is linguistically neutral than how that is, was, or might be accomplished.

Response to jguk's outlook on his own actions
About the poll, I better understand your reasoning now. We disagree on when consensus is needed: Generally in my view, consensus is needed for change, but it is not needed to maintain the status quo.

I appreciate your acknowledgment of your errors.

Concerning the following sentences:
 * "After you opposed these changes on the talk page, I made comments in defence. In retrospect, I should not have been so eager to carry on commenting on them."
 * and
 * "Whilst I feel each of my comments in isolation is acceptable, I should not have felt a need to respond to each and every point you were making."

Those things did not bother me at all. I think that's perfectly fine.

Response to Jguk's outlook on Maurreen and her actions
I do not fully understand your comments in this section, especially that I stifle any proposals I dislike. Maybe it would be helpful if you can illustrate with an example from a style guide disagreement that I have had with another user.

I agree with this: "I feel that part of the reason I end up in more disputes with you than with anyone else is because I propose more changes than others".

You and I have differing perspectives toward any changes to the style guide. I take a more evolutionary approach. For example, there is at least one thing in the style guide that I disagree with, but I have not brought it up for discussion.

About your perception that I have double standards:
 * The poll – I do not object to polls per se. I object to certain aspects of the one you held.
 * Your draft trim – I did not object that you proposed a trim. I objected to calling it a trim when your proposed changes were much more extensive, in my view.
 * Involving others – In short, I do not oppose involving others in and of itself. But you and I differ on details.

Discussing changes first
I disagree with this statement: "I have discussed every other change which I consider to be substantive on the talk page first."

That disagreement or misunderstanding is at the heart of much else.

In short, my view is that if a change is fully discussed first on the talk page, no one will be surprised by it. Anyone who disagrees with the change would know that it has already achieved consensus. But I have been surprised by your changes multiple times.

If we can clarify between us what we mean by "discussing something first", that at least has the potential to avert further bad feelings between us.

I'm not sure what to say to help us clarify that, although the following section might work toward that goal.

As food for thought, possibly it would help to make some procedural agreements between ourselves to handle disagreements. For example, either of us could ask, "Is there consensus on x?" and wait for a response by another user.

Jguk's changes of November 26 and 27
When I reverted your changes, I believe I said in the edit summary that I did so because they had not been discussed. In my view, the most appropriate response then would have been for you to bring up the issues on the talk page.

I did open the discussion, because I believe that discussion is often the best response to changes I disagree with. I did go to RfC, specifically because the responses to your changes were closely divided, in my view. I did not go to RfC until at least two other people had opposed your changes (although I don't think we need to get into a lot of specific counts on this discussion page between us).

Concerning this statement: "Then, after lots of text, you have asked whether anyone actually agrees with me." … My questions were specifically worded. I asked whether anyone agreed with you about certain aspects.

The versions that I used to replace yours were all suggested by someone other than me. My intention was to see whether anyone but you objected to those specific versions. In my view, no one objected to those specific versions in at least 24 hours.

Thus, in my view, those versions had at least two people supporting them (myself and the people who had suggested them) and they had only one person objecting to them (you).

P.S. I'd like to rephrase something from my first post above. When I said "any perceived American bias", I should have said "any real or perceived American bias".

Thanks. Maurreen 01:00, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jguk/Maurreen and jguk


text:
Hoplology

Hoplology is the study of human combative behavior and performance.

Etymology and history of the term
The word hoplology is derived from the Greek terms hoplos (a mythical plate-armored animal) and ὅπλον hóplon, the equipment carried by some warriors in ancient Greece. The word hoplite, derived from hoplon, is the term for the classical Greek warrior who carried such equipment. The field originates in the 19th century with Sir Richard Burton; although the origin of the word is often attributed to Burton, there are earlier references to it. Despite the work of Burton and a few others, it was not until the 1960s that hoplology took shape as an academic field of study under the leadership of Donn F. Draeger.

Hoplology was at some time defined as the science of "arms and weapons of offense and defence, human and bestial" (Burton, 1884), and subsequently as "the study of the basis, patterns, relationships, and significances of combative behavior at all levels of social complexity" (Draeger, 1982).

Sid Campbell, a black belt level, tenth dan-ranked in karate, defines hoplology as "the study of the evolution and development of human combative behaviour and performance ... the study of how people fight, why they fight, and how different cultures manifest those behaviours."

More recently, hoplology is defined as the investigation and analysis of all forms of armed combat. It is most productively seen as an embodied event where the physiological and neurological structures of those individuals taking part in a combative encounter shape and, in turn, are shaped by cultural norms of what is right, effective, and efficient and so changes overtime and across space. As in all human encounters, every combat event is accompanied by a form of material technology and has been learned through a process of apprenticeship.

1800s – The accidental hoplologists: Burton & Pitt-Rivers
Several pioneering anthropologists were also contributing to the field of hoplology while Burton was active. A retired military officer who fought in the Crimean War, A.H.L. Pitt-Rivers developed a now outdated view of human evolution. Cultures, he concluded, evolved through time from technologically simpler societies to technologically complex societies. In other words, progress is an integral aspect of human history. Primitive Warfare 2. Oxford: The Journal of the Royal United Service Institution Vol. XII 1868 NO. LI. Working in the Trobriand Islands (just off Australia) around the time of WWI, the renowned Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski also delved into the field of hoplology. "War and Weapons Among the Natives of the Trobriand Islands". Man. Vol. 20 pg.10-12 (1920). Hoplology has always had a theoretical and practical orientation. Seeking to introduce more effective forms of close quarter combat to British soldiers Burton wrote two instructional manuals “ A Complete System of Bayonet Fighting.” London: William Clowes and Sons. 1853. And “A New System of Sword exercise for Infantry.” London: William Clowes and Sons.1876. while the memoir by the ex-Hussar F.J Norman's “The Fighting Man of Japan: the training and exercise of the samurai.” London: Archibald Constable & CO.

1900s – The surveyors: Malinowski, Banks, Draeger and Armstrong
During the post WWII era the International Hoplology Society ("IHS") was established by Major Donn F. Draeger (USMC Ret.) to study the evolution and development of human combative behavior. Draeger had prior research and personal experience of classical fighting systems. Draeger's student and colleague, Hunter B. Armstrong, went on to carry on Draeger's project as director of IHS. He continues closely with military and law enforcement, and has been central to the most recent recreation of the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP). Also, during this time working with Basil Richardson of the Victoria and Albert Museum, Roald Knutsen's wrote "Japanese Spear: Polearms and Their Use in Old Japan" (1963). Here he not only described the morphology of these weapons but explored how they were used by different schools or “ryu.”. During the 1970s, The Republic of China began a number of academically based (and often government funded) investigations into several folk combat traditions. One drawback to many of these works is that they have yet to be translated in English, limiting the exposure of their findings. In other cases, they were inspired by ethno-nationalist or ideological considerations and no real effort has been made to engage with the growing international literature on Martial Arts Studies.

Major expeditions

Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1914–1918: Trobriand Islands. An alien enemy on allied land, Malinowski engaged in long-term research of Trobiand culture including warfare, raiding, inter-village conflict and war – magic.

Banks, E. 1930s (est.). Sarawak Island, Indonesia. Research on weapons of the inhabitants of Sarawak.

Draeger, Donn. 1979. Sumatra, Draeger and his team visited the island of Sumatra. While visiting the Aceh tribe there, it appears that the entire group was somehow poisoned, perhaps deliberately.

Overview of Draeger-IHS approach to hoplology
Hoplology (as professed by Draeger-IHS) has three main research areas: technological, functional, and behavioral.

 * Technological hoplology studies the development of weapons, armor, and other combative tools in relation to the contexts in which they are created.
 * Functional hoplology delves into the structure, development, and organization of combative systems and their relationship to the application of fighting and weapons.
 * Behavioral hoplology encompasses the psychological and physiological factors that affect human's combative behavior and development of combative capabilities such as weapons or fighting systems. The broad subject range of behavioral hoplology means it also includes the effects that culture has had on man's evolution as a group-social animal.

There are three IHS axioms in hoplological studies.

 * human combative behavior is rooted in man's evolution.
 * humans exhibit two types of aggression: affective aggression and predatory aggression. Both forms evolved from different survival needs as both a group-social animal and as a hunting animal.
 * the evolution of human combative behavior is directly linked to the use of weapons. That is to say that the use of weapons is linked with and reflects combative performance and behavior.

A variation on the pragmatics of hoplological understanding is found in theatrical representations of combat.

The Draeger-IHS hoplological view on violence: The entrenched nature of violence in human behavior is generally well understood. The skill and potential of deadly aggression is something within human genetics which predisposes humans to violent behavior. However, the genetics that predispose humans to violence is highly influenced by environmental factors. Humans will only tap into their violent potential once the need has arisen. Human genetics have developed an on-off switch in the brain. On the on side "…the fighting activity itself is stimulated by individual and communal thrill, enjoyment in the competitive exercise of spiritual and physical faculties, and even cruelty, blood lust, and killing ecstasy." (Gat 2006) On the off-side violence is deterred away by emotions through fear, revulsion at violence and bloodshed, physical fatigue, compassion, and spirituality. So if the environmental factors that cause a man to be violent are present, then he will be violent. If the environmental factors that cause a man to be violent are not present, he will abstain and deter violence.

title: Hoplology


text:
User talk:Securiger/Archive November 2003 - November 2004

Hello Securiger, welcome to Wikipedia. Here are some useful links in case you haven't already found them;

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Angela 00:33, Nov 5, 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the welcome. Although I've actually been editing for a couple of months - I've only just convinced myself to create an account! Securiger 01:15, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

---

Thanks for helping clean up and expand the steganography entry. As far as AQ usage, well, I guess time will tell, but for now I yield to your footnotes. Thanks, --Breakpoint

--- Securiger,

I've replied to your comment at Talk: Topics in Crypto. Hope it answers the query.

Thanks for getting active in an obscure area. There are lots of crypto related articles to be created on assorted topics, and lots of existing crypto topics which might be helped with some additional review.

ww --
 * I've made some comments at Talk:Topics in cryptography. Securiger 12:34, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I have moved the Tux images from Featured pictures to Featured pictures candidates. Please follow the established process for placing images in W:FP. I will not vote (either way) if you choose to nominated these images. PS: As much as it pains me; I love Tux. - Gaz 12:03, 28 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Mea culpa, mea maxima culpa. What can I say, I was tired and last time I looked W:FP didn't have votes. Sorry for any inconvenience. I've now moved it to the nomination field. Securiger 12:34, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Please see Edit page for Mathusian Catastophe. User:BuzzB Feb 28, 2004
 * I made some comments at Talk:Malthusian catastrophe. Securiger 12:34, 1 Mar 2004 (UTC)

ADFGVX cipher
Great article! Also, ADFGVX gets my vote for a "hardest-to-spell-cipher-of-all-time" award, beating even Rijndael... — Matt 16:45, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Securiger 16:49, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Cryptography
Hello! I thought you might like to know there's a new WikiProject Cryptography started with the idea of collecting together useful information for editors of cryptography pages, and having a central forum for discussing more general crypto issues. Do you have any suggestions, etc? Thanks! — Matt 09:21, 28 Apr 2004 (UTC)

An Assassin (Writer)'s Thanks
Just wanted to pop in and express my gratitude for your help and support on the assassin page - your assistance has been invaluable to me in working through the various difficulties that have at length presented themselves. You deserve 42 fish for your efforts. :D Wally 15:58, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

Crypto Stubs
Nice work on the crypto stubs! How did you get the byte count for an article? — Matt 14:44, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Securiger, Second the nice work kudo. Well done! ww 17:18, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I pulled the URLs out of the list page with a regex, modified them to construct a call to their respective edit-this-pages, used a regex to pull out the contents of the, and took its byte count. Of course this means that wiki markup is included in the count, but it's only meant to be a rough guide. Securiger 16:01, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

Acetone Peroxide
Just so you know, acetone peroxide is *not* a terrorist weapon, mainly because it's too fucking dangerous for terrorists. It's useless even for suicide bombers, because it takes too long to make and can't be moved around. To be honest, anyone who tries to make it deserves what they get, especially with all the WARNINGS I added to the entry on wikibooks. DS 18:39, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

Actually this is quite incorrect, it was used recently by 4 psychopathic murderers in London on the transport system which naturally blew them to hell when they used it, but they had managed to transport it half the length of the country first.

Nikola Tesla on Cleanup
Errr, no, actually, I said "moved tesla notes to pages needing attention" meaning I was moving it to Pages needing attention, and I did do that. The entry is unsuitable for Cleanup because it's not about trivial, obvious issues, rather issues that require research to be fully fixed. Thus, PNA is the right page to list it at. --Shallot 09:15, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 21:26, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)) Hi. I've made some edits to Tesla recently, following your guidance left on the discussion. Reddi seems to have departed this plane so perhaps you feel inclined to return? (William M. Connolley 21:26, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC))

spellyng/spelling
S, We now have a WikiProject Cryptography discussion page devoted to the cypher v cipher question. You may be interested in the question or the discussion, or not. But either way, you might want to put in your own oar. I've summarized the views of those folks whose views I had some idea of at current standings. You might want to chime (or chyme) in there. ww 18:05, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

 * S, I'm overwhelmed. Your comments are organized, cogent, well researched, brief, thorough, splendid, and impressive. Bravo, maxima bravo! I disagree of course with bits here and there, but... And they're now deranged for which I apologize and have included an explanatory note.

 * I have been treating the whole thing as mostly bemusing (and mostly harmless too, if annoying now and then) and my comments/reactions have been linguistic, historical, and more Burkean than otherwise. In contrast, you've taken a very engineering approach to it all, if I may say.

 * Thanks for chyming in. So far, you're the only one who noticed. But, of course, the cat gut's now out of the bag, as it were. ww 17:24, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

Ricky Ponting - Cricketer
Hey Securiger,

I noticed your addition of Ricky Ponting to the Cricketer category on my watchlist. I thought I would suggest some other method of arranging cricketers into more specific categories. If you take a look at Wikipedia_talk:Categorization you will see a few diagrams which show how simple relationships can be made a lot more detailed in order to provider more information. For example:

Cricket history \                                  --Cricket /                     /   /                    Australian cricket--\    Cricket rules  / /                 \                 /                     /                 Australia          / /                  /                /                                 /       Australian people            / /        /               \          /                 /         /               People     / /        /                   /      /           Australian cricketers                Cricketers /            \                  /    /          /             Cricketers by nation    / /                                    /           Australian batsmen - Batsmen --- Cricketers by skill /                        / Ricky Ponting --- Tasmanian batsmen ...

The "..." indicates a similar path to the Australian batsmen, except for Tasmanian batsmen (ie. will lead on to Tasmanin people, Tasmania, also link up to Australian people - too difficult to draw!)

This way if someone generates a list of Cricketers, or Australian people, or Batsmen, or Tasmanians, Ricky Ponting will automatically be on it, as the categories he is in are sub categories of each of those groups. Also notice you can go downstream from the really broad groups (Australia, People, Cricket) and you will never find a non-Australian specific, non-Cricket specific, or a non-person, at the end of any of those.

Naturally all the other categories fit in here as well (Australian all-rounders, Indian wicket-keepers, South African bowlers) but its too tricky to draw them in.

Also note Tasmanian batsmen doesn't lead into Australian batsmen, as there are members of the Tasmanian cricket team who are not on the Australian national cricket team. I guess some clarification is needed here. But again - too tricky to draw them in!

I hope this (and the music, politics diagrams on Wikipedia_talk:Categorization) give you some more ideas on how to expand the categories to make them more powerful! --Chuq 11:30, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Cryptography mailshot
Hi, quick note to let you know about what's happening with the WikiReader in Cryptography. There's now a provisional Table of Contents to work with, and for the next 68 days or so there'll be an "Article of the Day" scheme: each day there'll be a particular article highlighted for reviewing and fixing. There's two templates for this purpose: Template:WikiReaderCryptographyAOTD and Template:WikiReaderCryptographyAOTD-Verbose. The smaller one looks like this:

These articles are likely to be some of the earliest English Wikipedia content to get turned into a print version, and any help in making them as good as possible would be much appreciated. Thanks! — Matt 01:49, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

- Hello Securiger, Sinistro here. I apologise for not responding to your comment in my Talk page sooner, but I was on holiday and had no Internet access for quite some time. I have edited the Talk Page for the Patronus Charm entry as per your request. Incidentally, from this page it seems that you are quite the Wikipedian; congratulations!Sinistro 22:22, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Sydney
Want to join? I'm still formulating policy. Incidently, there is a message board Australian wikipedians' notice board - Ta bu shi da yu 06:09, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Welcome! - Ta bu shi da yu 02:57, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Lighter than air
Hello Securiger. Okay, good point. I put the table back the way it was, but I did slightly revise the preceding text to make the order a little more obvious to the reader. As for myself, I'll try to read and understand next time.

CoyneT 01:56 6 Oct 2004

Merge
No, go ahead. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 01:15, Oct 7, 2004 (UTC)

User:213.186.47.154
All the links are to software written by Christopher Devine at www.cr0.net.

$ dig www.cr0.net

;; QUESTION SECTION: www.cr0.net. IN     A

;; ANSWER SECTION: www.cr0.net. 3576   IN      A       213.186.47.154

The guy posting the links is the guy who runs the website. I may be mistaken but I thought there were rules against advertising your own stuff on wikipedia. AlistairMcMillan 08:18, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Is the rule only for commerical software? AlistairMcMillan 08:20, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * If you want I'll go back and revert my changes, restoring the links. I'm still not 100% clear on the policy.  I was mainly focussed on the guy linking his own site.  I defer to you.  If you think they should be restored, I'll go through and restore them.  AlistairMcMillan 09:40, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:HMS King George V (41)

Untitled 2
Here on a quick visit: am I right that a source identified as Tarrant is referenced? - but is not listed in the bibliography? (Is this just a case of yeahbut, look in the class article rather than the ship article? - if so, all it needs is for someone to copy the bibliographic details across, obv.) 82.26.114.161 (talk) 18:52, 10 February 2016 (UTC)

Untitled
I still have today,my late fathers postcard(with the picture of his battleship),HMS King George V,anchored in Tokyo Bay,at the end of the war.Mr Stuart King. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.119.33.156 (talk) 13:58, 5 December 2004 (UTC)

Contradictory Statement
In this article, when it mentions the collision with the HMS Punjabi, it says that the battleship (King George V) sustained minimal damage. But in the HMS Punjabi article, it is stated that King George V sustained serious damage, and had to put in for repairs. This is pretty contradictory! Which version is correct? Anton1234 00:18, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

 * KGV's bows were badly damaged in the collision, and a large gash was torn in them. She was still able to sail back to Liverpool for repairs though... its an interesting one. From the point of view of how she appeared, she was badly damaged. From a functional point of view, she was only lightly damaged, effecting handling and speed and little else. Martocticvs 19:03, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Hoods victor?
Good work on the extra operational history and rewrite of the Bismarck battle section. However i am not sure Bismark can be called Hoods victor as I thought it was in dispute if it was Bismark or the Prinz who fired the shell/shells which started the events which caused Hood to explode?

Sams37 (talk) 00:59, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

The theory that Eugen sank Hood can be totally disproved and is based on bad assumptions that Eugen's shells had a steeper angle of fall than Bismarck's, but in fact they had about the same angle of fall and the official German penetration data shows no chance of Eugen's projectiles penetrating belt OR deck of Hood at the known engagement ranges. Brooksindy (talk) 14:53, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

Comments
I'm keeping the article at Start-class for WP:MILHIST for now. Here are some suggestions for further improvement:
 * There are a number of unsourced paragraphs or sentences; I've added cn tags to highlight them for you. This is the main issue holding the article up from B-class.
 * Done

 * The lead is too short; it needs to summarize the entire article, per WP:LEAD.
 * Done

 * It's also been determined that navweaps.com doesn't meet the requirements for FAC, so if you intend on taking the article there eventually, I'd find a replacement for it.
 * Would you recommend I just delete that little bit? Or do you think that is useful to know?

 * Just to note, citations should go directly after the punctuation, no spaces in between. I fixed this for you in the current citations, but remember this for the future.
 * Done - Also thanks for the heads up :)

 * Right now, the article relies on only one source - for a topic as well documented as this ship is, there should really be more than just Garzke & Dulin. Try finding books on the campaigns KGV was involved in - they can usually give more supporting details than the specialist ship sources. This will be crucial for GA-class and higher.
 * Semi done

 * The lead image is problematic - we need an IWM photo number to verify that it actually is an IWM photo. Try contacting the uploader (though I don't know if s/he is still active).
 * Removed the lead image and replaced it with the one you suggested.

 * File:King_George_V_class_battleship_1945.jpg - this a good image (even though it's washed out a bit on the right side) and the copyright status is clear.
 * File:HMS King George V after collision.jpg - even though it's small, it's interesting and shows the collision damage.
 * Fixed - also added the collision image, as it helps illustrate the collision damage the KGV suffered

I hope these suggestions help you with the article. Nice work already! Parsecboy (talk) 12:52, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Oh, something else: most of the technical info really belongs in the class article. The individual ship articles should mainly contain a summary of the class article and any aspects of the ship that were different from her sisters (i.e., if additional AA armament was added during her career, etc.). There is a bit of gray area on this (for instance, Sturmvogel prefers a somewhat greater level of technical detail than I do), so it's your call, but I'd suggest looking at other ship FA- and A-class articles (you can find a list of ship FAs here) for a good yardstick. Parsecboy (talk) 13:03, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Here are some sources you might be able to get (inter-library loan can usually get you access to books) - check worldcat.org for a listing of libraries that have these books. King George V class battleships, Battleships of World War II is viewable on Google.books, British battleships of World War II, this article in Warship might be of some use, and this book could be useful as well (though the Osprey books are hit-or-miss, I've found). Parsecboy (talk) 13:18, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Wow, thanks very much for taking the time to add all of the comments. Very useful for a newcomer like me! Thurgate (talk) 18:10, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Unequal emphasis and name spelling
As it stands, this article contains some 14 lines (in two sub-sections), just on the Bismark action. Thats quite a lot of detail, including such extracts as: "The British re-located the Bismark at 10:30 on 26 May" and "Her topsides were wrecked, [Bismarks] and a large fire burned amidships". Is not such detail already covered in the appropiate article?

I would suggest that both sub-sections need drastic pruning (probably into one). Yes, KGV was involved in the Bismark action, but only as a part of the whole. And the Bismark action was only part of KGV's operational career. Therefore, to avoid 'undue weight', this section should be shortened.
 * I will try and prune it a bit, but the main reason as to why their is so much on the Bismarck action is that all my sources focus on that action. Thurgate (talk) 18:04, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

Also, how is this German battleship's name spelt? In that ships article, it is spelt with a 'C'; i.e. Bismarck. In this article, it is spelt without. Personally, I prefer it with, (I'm sure I've seen something on the subject of ships ships' names, foreign words and so on, in the MoS, but I can't remember the guideline). For me, consistency is the name of the game.
 * Ive changed all mentions of the Bismark to its proper spelling of Bismarck, as all of my sources for some reason called it Bismark. Thurgate (talk) 18:04, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

What do other editors think?

RASAM 16:42, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

Clones
The servers have been playing up over the last few hours, hence the copying; sorry.RASAM (talk) 19:07, 8 February 2011 (UTC)
 * No problems :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Thurgate (talk • contribs) 19:12, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Just a FYI, the German ship was named after Otto von Bismarck and so the correct spelling is the same, with a 'c'.

Missing detail
I have to say I'm a little surprised this is a good article. I had a run through it just now and found a lot of small fixes and errors that really should have been caught before this was passed. The most glaring discrepancy that I can see at the moment is in the Bismarck section. At one point KGV is in the thick of the action, Bismarck fighting back fiercely, and then suddenly Rodney and KGV go home because of shortage of fuel. It reads - "At 09:27 a shell hit Bismarck, penetrating the hydraulic machinery in turret 'Anton' and disabled it, causing the guns to run down to maximum depression. Her topsides were wrecked, and a large fire burned amidships. By that time King George V was having trouble with her main battery, and every gun missed at least one salvo; due to failures in the safety interlocks for antiflash protection. Both Rodney and King George V had little fuel left and returned to port at very low speed, escorted by eleven destroyers to guard against German air or submarine attack." I appreciate that there's little of the story left to tell, but it should be made clear what happens to Bismarck and the extent to which KGV plays a part in the final sinking. Does the user who nominated this for review have details on this that could be included? Benea (talk) 18:40, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

 * Bismarck sank at 10.39 according to Rodney's log, when the British battleships were already withdrawing with the German visibly sinking by the stern. It seems obvious that Rodney's heavier armament (378 16-inch fired, 706 6-inch and four 24.5-inch torpedoes, one of whose unmistakably large impact holes can be seen in the sunken German wreck, confirming Rodney's battle-log claim of a torpedo hit at 9.58, the only occasion when one battleship torpedoes another) did most of the fatal damage, but KG5 must have added quite a few holes. Khamba Tendal (talk) 19:57, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

Data block says commissioned December 1940 but operational history says commissioned October 1940. Which is correct? Brooksindy (talk) 14:50, 18 February 2016 (UTC)

Jutland?
Why is Jutland listed in the Honours and Awards section of the Infobox? 68.103.51.244 (talk) 20:36, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

Corrected, as this ship's predecessor (1911) was in the Battle of Jutland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_King_George_V_(1911) 68.103.51.244 (talk) 00:24, 27 August 2022 (UTC)
 * In the Royal Navy, unit honours are inherited by succeeding units. See here in the article from the Royal Navy's Navy News titled "Photographic Memories" on page 12. They list all of Warspite's honours and explain how they are awarded battle honours and explains how they are inherited. This explains the Commonwealth system as to why some Australian, New Zealand and Canadian ships have battle honours from before their countries' respective founding. Llammakey (talk) 11:24, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

Thanks for the background information on how honours are inherited, and for updating the article appropriately. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.103.51.244 (talk) 02:19, 22 December 2022 (UTC)

Miles
In the "Action with Bismarck" section I've added the missing conversion to nautical miles, but are we sure these aren't already nautical miles? I don't have a copy of the cited source. GA-RT-22 (talk) 06:46, 4 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:HMS King George V (41)


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Sokoband

Sokoband, formerly known as Soko, is a jazz fusion duo, featuring pianist Michael Sokolowski and bassist Houston Ross. The group formed as a trio in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1991, with Sokolowski, Ross, and drummer John Gilmore. The group performed live for several years, then released their first studio album, In November Sunlight, in 1996. The album received notably high record sales for an instrumental album, mainly due to its guest appearance by members of the Dave Matthews Band—Dave Matthews, LeRoi Moore, and Tim Reynolds.

In 1997, Gilmore left the group, however Sokolowski and Ross remained close and continued performing together. The duo began working on their second album, Two, in 2000, which featured writing, arranging, and singing contributions by Ross, whereas the previous album primarily contributions strictly from Sokolowski. The album took almost five years to complete, and was not released until 2005, however the album featured many more guest performers than the previous album, including former band member John Gilmore.

Due to confusion with other bands of the same name, Soko was renamed to "Sokoband" in 2010.

On March 9, 2010, Sokoband released a self-titled album, Sokoband, which contains all eight tracks from In November Sunlight, as well as two additional tracks, entitled "And Yet Your Smile" and "Nightfall." The band was not happy with the musical execution or production of the 1996 release, and wanted to present more definitive realizations of the compositions. Drummer on the project is Nir Z. Dave Matthews, Tim Reynolds, and LeRoi Moore appear again, along with Steve Kimock (guitars), Mike Colley (guitars), David Cast (saxophones), John Zias (guitars), David Darling (cello), and others.

Discography

 * In November Sunlight (1996)
 * Two (2000)
 * Sokoband (2010)

title: Sokoband


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$25 Million Dollar Hoax

$25 Million Dollar Hoax is an unscripted television series that was originally shown on American network NBC in November 2004.

The series is noted to be similar in style to FOX's My Big Fat Obnoxious Fiance, which aired in 2004. It is based on a United Kingdom show titled The Million Pound Hoax, broadcast on Sky One earlier that year.

Synopsis
In the series, daughter Chrissy Sanford plays a hoax on her family by convincing them she had won a $25,000,000 lottery prize through the internet, and that it had changed her from a sweet girl into a spend-a-holic.

$25 Million Dollar Hoax contained guest appearances by Ed McMahon, George Gray, and N*SYNC's Lance Bass.

Chrissy successfully pulled off the hoax, which won her and her family over $400,000 in cash and prizes.

Cast

 * Chrissy Sanford – As herself
 * Guy Sanford (father) – As himself
 * Lois Sanford (mother) – As herself
 * Paul Sanford (brother) – As himself
 * Eric Sanford (brother) – As himself
 * Andrew Sanford (brother) – As himself
 * David Sanford (brother) – As himself
 * Phillip Sanford (brother) – As himself
 * Matthew Sanford (brother) – As himself
 * Jameson Karns (friend) – As himself
 * Ed McMahon – As himself
 * George Gray – As himself
 * Lance Bass – As himself

Overseas broadcasts

 * 🇨🇦: Global
 * Challenge

title: $25 Million Dollar Hoax


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Winklepicker

Winklepickers or winkle pickers are a style of shoe or boot worn from the 1950s onward, especially popular with British rock and roll fans such as teddy boys. The feature that gives both the boot and shoe their name is the very sharp and long pointed toe, reminiscent of medieval footwear and approximately the same as the long pointed toes on some women's high-fashion shoes and boots in the 2000s. They are still popular in the goth, raggare and rockabilly subcultures.

Names
The extremely pointed toe was called a winkle picker because, in England, periwinkle snails ("winkles") were a popular seaside snack which is eaten using a pin or other thin pointed object to carefully extract the soft parts out of the coiled shell. The same practice led to the figurative phrase "to winkle something out". Other countries used other names for the same style, usually similarly humorous. In some parts of the United States, they are called "roach stompers". In Norway and Sweden, they were called "mosquito chasers" (myggjagere; myggjagare).

Origins
Winklepickers, inspired by the "Polish" poulaines worn by the medieval French nobility, were a conspicuous contrast to the brothel creepers worn by Teddy Boys. The male shoes were lace-up Oxford style with a low heel and an exaggerated pointed toe. A Chelsea boot style (elastic-sided with a two-inch, and later as much as two-and-one-half-inch, Cuban heel) was notably worn by the Beatles but although it had a pointed toe, was not considered to be a winklepicker. Winklepicker shoes from Stan's of Battersea were also worn by Teddy Girls as well as being a fleeting fashion for young women generally.

1960s
In the early 1960s, the winklepicker toe was popular with modernists, teddy boys and rockers. In the early 1960s, the point was effectively chopped off (they hung on for longer than that in the UK) and gave rise to the "chisel toe" on the footwear of all genders. However, winklepickers with traditional sharp-point styles made a comeback of sorts in the late 1970s and early 1980s (either as previously unworn old-stock, second-hand originals, or contemporary-production attempted copies) and worn by several subculture groups including mods, rockers, teddy boys, rockabillies, punks, rock'n'roll revivalists, and in the goth scene, where they are known as "pikes".

Winklepickers with stiletto heels for women swept the UK in the late 1950s, and at one stage, the High Street versions were commonly worn by a large part of the adult female populace of the UK. They were often manufactured in Italy, but the handmade versions, notably those from Stan's Shoes of Battersea, were the most extreme, if somewhat bulky-looking at the toe compared with the Italian styles.

The original 1960s winklepicker stilettos were similar to the long, pointed toe that has been fashionable on women's shoes and boots in Europe of late. The long, sharp toe was always teamed with a stiletto heel (or spike heel), which, as today, could be as low as one-and-a-half inches or as high as five inches, though most were in the three- to four-inch range. The stiletto heels on the original 1960s styles were, however, much more curved in at the rear (also sometimes sharply waisted and slightly flared out at the top piece) than most of the recent pointy-toed fashion shoes, which often have straighter, thicker, more set-back heels, rather at odds with the look of the pointed toe. In most cases, too, the modern shoe toes lack the length of the true 1960s winklepicker and bear more resemblance to the less pointed mass-produced versions of the era.

They attained some notoriety, when they first appeared, as a result of being worn in gang fights (sometimes by both sexes), although there is some question as to the accuracy of contemporary newspaper accounts. In fact, although the winklepicker looks lethal, it would be far more likely for damage to be caused to the delicately pointed shoe than to the opponent in any serious kicking incident.

Modern day
By the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, winklepickers were worn with 1960s mod blazers, Western shirts, vintage T shirts, and skinny jeans by many indie pop bands and musicians, such as of Kings of Leon, Kaiser Chiefs, the Kills, Jack White, Mod Fun, Neils Children, Blanaid Montague, Klaxons, and Daniel Johns. The shoes are closely related to British garage rock band the Horrors, who even went as far as to have a winklepicker boot with three buckles on their official merchandise t-shirt along with the words "I am a horror." Faris Badwan has personally endorsed Paolo Vandini Veers. They are also worn by English comedians Russell Brand and Noel Fielding and English DJ and TV presenter Alex Zane.

Winklepicker boots are very popular in Germany among the modern Vogue goth and punk subcultures, who refer to the boots as "pikes" or "pickers".

Although slightly pointed toes are often a feature of women's fashion shoes, they are usually nowadays "tamed down" or shortened (often sacrificing comfortable toe space) for mass market appeal.

title: Winklepicker


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File:Giant-mary.jpg

17th century Peruvian Mary-cult photo. originally from http://www.jesusneverexisted.com

title: File:Giant-mary.jpg


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Winkle

Winkle may refer to:

Snails

 * Common periwinkle, an edible marine intertidal species found in Europe and North America
 * Any species within the family Littorinidae, the winkles, small intertidal sea snails
 * Some edible species of nerites which are also small aquatic snails, some marine, some freshwater
 * Sometimes applied to certain land species that have an operculum, such as Pomatias elegans, the land winkle
 * Tegula pfeifferi

Places

 * Winkle, Illinois, United States, an unincorporated community
 * East Danville, Ohio, United States, an unincorporated community also known as Winkle
 * Winkle Island (disambiguation), several places with the name

Fictional characters

 * Bertram Winkle, a butler in the television series Jessie
 * Leslie Winkle, a recurring character in the television series The Big Bang Theory
 * Nathaniel Winkle, in the novel The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens
 * Wilbert G. Winkle, protagonist of Mr. Winkle Goes to War, a 1944 war comedy film, played by Edward G. Robinson
 * protagonist of Winnie Winkle, an American comic strip (1920–1996), and ten film shorts; also her adopted brother Perry Winkle
 * Witch Winkle, in the British comics magazine Twinkle

Other uses

 * nickname of Eric Brown (pilot) (1919–2016), British Royal Navy officer and test pilot
 * Gregory Winkle (c. 1955–1971), victim of a serial killer
 * Mr. Winkle, a stray dog popularized by his photographer owner
 * Winkle squeeze, a play in the card game of contract bridge
 * James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, part of the University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
 * Development codename of the RAF's RX12874 radar detector
 * Winkle Brig, a type of sailing boat built between 1985 and 2002

title: Winkle


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User:BCKILLa/Temp/Polsci Dec 5 2004

W   elcome, The Political Science Department combines cutting-edge research with student centered teaching in programs that foster the development of each student's creative and academic skills. Political Science sponsors a variety of awards and scholarships for entering and undergraduate students. Internships are available for fourth year students. Financial awards are available for graduate students.

The University of Windsor is a comprehensive research and teaching institution focusing on social justice and environmental research. The campus is located on the shores of the Detroit River and borders an extensive riverfront park system that is ideal for walking, running, rollerblading, biking, and cross country skiing. The trail system links the campus, downtown Windsor, and the historic Walkerville neighborhoods.

Keep up to date on news, events, activities taking place in the Political Science Department or connected to Political Science. Visit one of the first Political Science Department blogs in Canada - Living in a Political World. The Political Science Department posts notices, announcements, pictures from special events for undergraduate and graduate students as well those who are thinking about applying. View an archive of photgraphs from activities and events involving Political Science students and faculty at the new photoblog Graphic Politics

Research Ethics Update
The Political Science Department has established a Research Ethics Committee (Dr. Anna Lanoszka, Dr. Lydia Miljan, Dr. Chris McIntyre).

Be sure to consult the information provided by the University Ethics Board at the following link as you plan and conduct your research. (University of Windsor Research Ethics Board)

Assumption University
Dr. Ian Spears Religion and Violent Conflict in Africa Wednesday, December 1, 2004 Freed-Orman Conference Centre 7:30pm

Students Take Part in Model UN
Ten students from the University of Windsor International Relations Club will participate in the twentieth annual Queen's Model United Nations (November 18th - 21st) in Kingston, Ontario. Over 150 delegates from around the world will take part in the event.

Lloyd Axworthy to kick off lecture series
A lecture by former External Affairs Minister Lloyd Axworthy will inaugurate the Herb Gray Distinguished Lecture Series. The public is invited to Axworthy's talk, entitled "Liberalism in the 21st Century - Global Citizenship", Monday October 25, at 7:30 p.m. in the Freed-Orman Conference Centre in the Assumption University building.

A PANEL DISCUSSION OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Panelists include:

Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Windsor
 * Dr. John Kelly, former Michigan State Senator and

author
 * Rochelle Riley, Detroit Free Press columnist and noted

Party
 * Paul Welday, Chairman, Oakland County Republican

October 26, 7:00pm, Room G133, Chrysler Hall North University of Windsor THE PUBLIC IS WELCOME

Programs
Take a look at the variety of programs offered by the Political Science Department. The Political Science Department offers a graduate degree program as well as a variety of undergraduate options including Honours, combined Honours degree, International Relations, general degree, minor in Political Science, and a certificate in Public Administration. (more about programs)

Courses
Course descriptions are available as well as classes offered during the Fall semester, Winter semester, and Intersession/Summer semesters. The Political Science Department continues to develop new courses including Culture and Politics, Music and the State, Diaspora, Sin, and Intelligence. The Political Science Department makes it convenient to take Political Science classes by offering multiple sections of Introduction to Canadian Government (45 100) and Introduction to International Politics (45 160). (more about Courses)

Faculty Teaching and Research
The Political Science faculty are noted for exceptional, student centered teaching. The faculty have national and international reputations. They are actively engaged in scholarly research, publishing, community service, and working with the media. Dr. Lydia Miljan was nominated for best non fiction book during 2003. The faculty concentrate in Canadian Politics,International Relations and Development, Political Theory, and Research Methods. (more about the faculty)

Student Centred
Resources for students include scholarships, work study employment, internships, a graduate student computer lab with MS Office, and SPSS, graduate student offices, electronic journals, and access to the law school library. Students have a role in the departmental governance, there are Political Science student organizations, and many activities for students.

title: User:BCKILLa/Temp/Polsci Dec 5 2004


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Speedway Motorsports

Speedway Motorsports, LLC is an American company that owns and manages auto racing facilities that host races sanctioned by NASCAR, NHRA, World of Outlaws and other racing series. The company was founded by Bruton Smith and has its headquarters at Charlotte Motor Speedway, in Concord, North Carolina, just north of Charlotte. Speedway Motorsports owns nine racing facilities with a combined seating capacity of approximately 885,000. In addition to operating racetracks, Speedway Motorsports owns Performance Racing Network (PRN), U.S. Legend Cars International, and co-owns Motorsports Authentics.

After trading for 25 years on the New York Stock Exchange, where it was known as Speedway Motorsports, Inc. (SMI), the company was taken private in September 2019, and today is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sonic Financial Corporation, itself owned by members of Bruton Smith's family. The "SMI" initialism is still sometimes used colloquially.

History
Speedway Motorsports didn't officially incorporate until 1994. Bruton Smith began building SMI in the 1950s when he worked as a race promoter and eventually built Charlotte Motor Speedway in 1959. Smith left the racing business in the early 1960s to pursue other business ventures. He became very successful and by 1975 had owned majority shares in CMS and took over as CEO. A year later he appointed H.A. "Humpy" Wheeler as general manager. Smith began to expand CMS, adding additional grandstands and facilities including condominiums, a first for a sports facility.

In 1990, Smith began to acquire additional speedway properties beginning with Atlanta Motor Speedway. As he did with Charlotte, Smith began expanding seating and facilities at Atlanta. In 1992, lights were added to CMS, making it one of the first speedways to offer night racing, and the company developed the Legends car racing circuit, now called U.S. Legend Cars International. Smith incorporated Speedway Motorsports in December 1994, and on February 24, 1995 took the company public by offering shares of stock, debuting at $18 per share.

In 1996, SMI began to quickly expand, acquiring two additional facilities; Bristol Motor Speedway and Sonoma Raceway. A year later, the company finished construction of the $250 million, 150,000 seat Texas Motor Speedway. Between 1993 and 1998, SMI had increased its total seating capacity from 176,000 to 551,000. In 1999 SMI outbid rival International Speedway Corporation (ISC) to purchase Las Vegas Motor Speedway. Smith had outbid ISC by $15 million to make a total $215 million purchase. That same year, SMI sold the naming rights of its flagship Charlotte Motor Speedway to Lowe's, a $35 million deal that would last until 2009.

Until 1999, Speedway Motorsports was the top track owner in the motorsports industry. That year, International Speedway Corporation, then the second largest track owner, acquired Penske Motorsports, then the third largest track owner. The $623 million deal propelled ISC to the top track owner, and SMI fell to second. Smith then turned his attention towards securing two NASCAR dates at each of his facilities. As of 2011, only four SMI owned tracks hold two NASCAR dates.

SMI purchased North Wilkesboro Speedway and New Hampshire Motor Speedway in 2007, and in 2008 purchased Kentucky Speedway. Today SMI owns nine racing facilities, eight of which are used to host major racing series including NASCAR, IndyCar and NHRA. As of December 31, 2009, the combined total permanent seating capacity was approximately 885,000. SMI owned tracks host 13 of the 36 NASCAR Cup Series races, including four races in the NASCAR playoffs, plus the NASCAR All-Star Race.

In December 2018, Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway operator Tony Formosa Jr. reached an agreement with Speedway Motorsports and its main Tennessee track Bristol Motor Speedway to co-operate the facility and make the necessary upgrades for the track to host NASCAR Xfinity Series and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series races again and continue to host weekly racing events. Efforts were renewed in late 2020 as SMI and Bristol launched negotiations with the City of Nashville with the goal of hosting NASCAR races as early as 2022. The track ultimately did not hold races in 2022, although talks between both parties continued.

When NASCAR announced that Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas, would host the national series beginning in 2021, SMI assumed management responsibilities for the NASCAR at COTA race weekend.

In addition to speedway properties, SMI also owns the Performance Racing Network, a radio network that broadcasts all NASCAR races at SMI owned tracks. SMI also equally owns Motorsports Authentics, a joint venture formed with International Speedway Corporation, to produce, market and sell licensed motorsports merchandise.

Notable purchases
SMI has a history of purchasing tracks to obtain NASCAR race dates. The company's purchases and closures of the tracks in order to obtain a second NASCAR date for Texas Motor Speedway led to the Ferko lawsuit.

North Wilkesboro Speedway
In 1996, the company purchased half interest in North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina along with Bob Bahre of New Hampshire International Speedway (now New Hampshire Motor Speedway). SMI moved one of North Wilkesboro Speedway's dates to Texas Motor Speedway and Bob Bahre moved the second date to his facility. On November 2, 2007, SMI purchased NHIS and part of the purchase resulted in SMI gaining full ownership of North Wilkesboro Speedway.

North Carolina Speedway
In 2004, as a result of the Ferko lawsuit, SMI gained ownership of the North Carolina Speedway in Rockingham, North Carolina. SMI closed North Carolina Speedway and moved the track's final race date to Texas Motor Speedway. On October 2, 2007, SMI sold North Carolina Speedway at auction. The track was purchased by "Indiana" Andy Hillenburg for $4.4 million, and renamed Rockingham Speedway.

New Hampshire Motor Speedway
On November 2, 2007, SMI announced the purchase of New Hampshire International Speedway from Bob Bahre, and renamed the facility New Hampshire Motor Speedway. This has led to speculation that SMI would move one of New Hampshire's dates to Las Vegas Motor Speedway and/or swap the date with the fall race at Texas Motor Speedway (TMS has expressed an interest in moving the fall race away from the first weekend in November, which is also the opening weekend of deer hunting season in Texas). In 2018, the fall race weekend was moved to Las Vegas.

Kentucky Speedway
On May 22, 2008, SMI announced it had purchased Kentucky Speedway from Kentucky Speedway, LLC. The track had been trying to secure a NASCAR Sprint Cup race for several years. SMI was finally victorious in their pursuit, with Kentucky Speedway receiving its inaugural Sprint Cup race on July 9, 2011. It appears this came at the expense of SMI-owned Atlanta Motor Speedway, which dropped from two races to one on the 2011 Sprint Cup schedule. It was announced in September 2020 that Kentucky Speedway would not return for the 2021 NASCAR Cup Series schedule, and its date would be given back to Atlanta Motor Speedway.

Dover Motorsports
Dover Motorsports, Inc. (formerly Dover Downs Entertainment) was a company that owned several auto racing circuits in the United States. The company was based in Dover, Delaware, the home of its flagship track Dover International Speedway, a 1 mi concrete oval with a seating capacity of 95,500 that opened in 1969. The company formerly owned the Dover Downs harness racing track adjacent to the Dover speedway. Dover Motorsports also operated Nashville Superspeedway, a 1.333-mile concrete oval track in Lebanon, Tennessee.

Dover Motorsports owned Memphis Motorsports Park, a 0.75-mile tri-oval asphalt short track in Millington, Tennessee, but closed the track in October 2009 to competition. It was later sold to Palm Beach International Raceway after sitting unused for over a year. Dover also owned Gateway International Raceway, a 1.25-mile egg-shaped asphalt oval track in Madison, Illinois, which was sold in 2011. After attempts to sell Nashville Superspeedway, the venue reopened in 2021 and hosted a NASCAR race weekend, replacing one of the race weekends at Dover International Speedway.

On November 8, 2021, Speedway Motorsports announced that it had agreed to purchase Dover Motorsports, owner of Dover International Speedway and Nashville Superspeedway at the time, for $3.61 per share in cash for an approximate total equity value of $131.5 million. The deal closed in December, with SMI gaining full control of the two tracks.

Principal subsidiaries

 * Tracks
 * Atlanta Motor Speedway, Inc.
 * Bristol Motor Speedway, Inc.
 * Charlotte Motor Speedway, Inc.
 * Las Vegas Motor Speedway LLC
 * SPR Acquisition Corporation d/b/a Sears Point Raceway
 * Texas Motor Speedway, Inc.
 * Dover Motor Speedway, Inc.
 * Nashville Superspeedway, Inc.

 * Other
 * Speedway Systems LLC d/b/a Finish Line Events
 * 600 Racing, Inc.
 * INEX Corporation
 * The Speedway Club, Inc.
 * Oil-Chem Research Corporation
 * Speedway Funding Corporation
 * Sonoma Funding Corporation

title: Speedway Motorsports