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Monty Python's Flying Circus (album)

Monty Python's Flying Circus is the first album produced by the Monty Python troupe, released in both the UK and US in 1970, with the US version featuring a back cover slightly different from the original UK version. It features newly recorded versions of sketches from the first Monty Python's Flying Circus television series.

Next to the television show itself, the album was the first piece of media the Pythons released. It is noted that Terry Gilliam was not included as a member of Python on the album's cast listing (in spite of his brief appearance in the sketch "The Visitors") and Graham Chapman's name is misspelled "Grahame".

The album was recorded on a single day, 2 May 1970, in front of a live audience at the Camden Theatre in London. Recalling the rather muted response, Eric Idle would later claim "they were a particularly dead audience."

The copyright to the record is still owned by the BBC, making it one of the few pieces of material the Pythons themselves do not own. This is also the reason why it did not gain a 2006 special edition release. One of the tracks makes specific mention to the album being in stereo, and Chapman demonstrates it by walking from one speaker to another. The effect was totally lost as the album was recorded in mono, which the Pythons did not know at the time. They felt disenchanted by the BBC's album-producing methods, and for their remaining albums sought very different approaches.

Audiobook
The album has been available on CD as an audiobook since 1996. (It was first released as an audiobook in 1994 on cassette.)

In 2011, AudioGO Ltd. released a "Facsimile Edition," which is the only audiobook version with the original LP's artwork. Graham Chapman's name is spelled correctly on the cover of this edition.

In 2012, the album was packaged with two discs of Fawlty Towers under the title BBC Comedy Greats!.

In June 2014, the album was included as bonus content with the expanded re-release of 'Monty Python Sings (again)" as a deluxe 2-CD set and digital download.

Side one

 * 1) Flying Sheep
 * 2) Television Interviews
 * 3) Trade Description Act
 * 4) Nudge Nudge
 * 5) The Mouse Problem
 * 6) Buying a Bed
 * 7) Interesting People
 * 8) The Barber
 * 9) Interviews

Side two

 * 1) More Television Interviews
 * 2) Children's Stories
 * 3) The Visitors
 * 4) The Cinema
 * 5) The North Minehead Bye-Election (sic)
 * Me, Doctor
 * 1) Pet Shop
 * 2) Self-Defence

BBC audiobook track listing

 * 1) Flying Sheep
 * 2) A Man with Three Buttocks
 * 3) Crunchy Frog
 * 4) Nudge Nudge Wink Wink
 * 5) The Mouse Problem
 * 6) Buying a Bed
 * 7) Interesting People
 * 8) Barber Shop Sketch
 * 9) Lumberjack Song
 * 10) Interview
 * 11) Arthur Two Sheds
 * 12) Children's Stories
 * 13) Visitors
 * 14) Albatross
 * 15) Mr Hilter
 * 16) The North Minehead By-Election
 * Me, Doctor
 * 1) Dead Parrot Sketch
 * 2) Self-Defence

Personnel

 * Graham Chapman
 * John Cleese
 * Terry Gilliam
 * Eric Idle
 * Terry Jones
 * Michael Palin

Additional performers

 * Carol Cleveland
 * The Fred Tomlinson Singers

Distribution information

 * LP: (1970) BBC Records REB 73M (UK)
 * CS: (1970) BBC Records REMC 73 (UK)
 * LP: (1970) BBC Records 22073 (US)
 * LP: (1975) Pye Records 12116 (US)
 * CD: (1985) BBC/Audio Visual International BBCCD73 (UK)
 * LP: (1986) Warner Brothers Records 88375 (ISBN 0-87188-375-9) (US)
 * CS: (1994) BBC Enterprises, Ltd. ZBBC 1508 ISBN 0-563-39481-1 (UK) (Canned Laughter series)
 * CD: (1996) BBC Audiobooks ISBN 0-563-55820-2 (UK)
 * CD: (2006) BBC Audiobooks ISBN 978-0-563-55820-0 (UK)
 * CD: (2011) AudioGO ISBN 978-1-4084-6820-3 (UK) (Vintage Beeb series. Facsimile Edition.)
 * CD: (2012) AudioGO ISBN 1-60998-780-2 (UK) (BBC Comedy Greats! with Fawlty Towers.)
 * LP: (2014) BBC Records MPYTHONLP1 (UK) (Boxset Monty Python's Total Rubbish)

title: Monty Python's Flying Circus (album)


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Hokkaido wolf

The Hokkaido wolf (Canis lupus hattai), also known as the Ezo wolf (エゾオオカミ（蝦夷狼）ー) and in Russia as the Sakhalin wolf, is an extinct subspecies of gray wolf that once inhabited coastal northeast Asia. Its nearest relatives were the wolves of North America rather than Asia. It was exterminated in Hokkaido during the Meiji Restoration period, when American-style agricultural reforms incorporated the use of strychnine-laced baits to kill livestock predators. Some taxonomists believe that it survived up until 1945 on the island of Sakhalin. It was one of two subspecies that were once found in the Japanese archipelago, the other being the Japanese wolf (C. l. hodophilax).

Taxonomy and origin
The Ezō wolf or Hokkaidō wolf (Canis lupus hattai Kishida, 1931)  is an extinct subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus). In 1890, the skulls of Japanese wolves (Canis lupus hodophilax) were compared with those of wolves from Hokkaido in the British Museum. The specimens were noticeably different and explained to be local varieties of the same subspecies. Later, explorers to the Kuril islands of Iturup and Kunashir believed that the wolves they saw there were the Japanese subspecies. In 1889, the wolf became extinct on Hokkaido island. In 1913, Hatta Suburō proposed that the wolf might be related to the Siberian wolf but had no living specimens to undertake further analysis. In 1931, Kishida Kyukishi described a skull from a wolf killed in 1881 and declared it to be a distinct subspecies. In 1935, Pocock examined one of the specimens in the British Museum that had been obtained in 1886 and named it Canis lupus rex because of its large size.

Analysis of its mitochondrial DNA showed it to be identical with gray wolf specimens from Canada, Alaska and the USA, indicating that the ancestor of the Ezo wolf was genetically related to the ancestor of North American wolves. The coalescence time back to the most recent common ancestor for two Ezo wolf samples was estimated to be 3,100 (between 700–5,900) years ago, and the Ezo wolf is estimated to have diverged from North American wolves 9,300 (between 5,700–13,700) years ago. These estimates indicate that Ezo wolves colonized Japan more recently than Japanese wolves from the Asian continent during the last glacial period via a land bridge with Sakhalin Island, which existed up to 10,000 years ago. The Tsugaru Strait was 3 km wide during the last glacial period, which prevented Ezo wolves from colonizing Honshu and they likely arrived in Japan less than 14,000 years ago. A more recent study estimates their arrival in Hokkaido less than 10,000 YBP.

Stable isotope analysis measures the amount of different isotopes of the same element contained within a specimen. When conducted on the bone of an extinct specimen, it informs researchers about the diet of the specimen. In 2017, radiocarbon dating and an isotopic analysis of bone collagen was conducted Ezo wolf specimens. The radiocarbon dating confirmed that the wolves spanned different time periods dating back as far as 4,000 years ago. The isotopic analysis showed that feeding habits of these wolves were similar to the modern "coastal" British Columbia wolf, with both populations dependent on both marine and terrestrial prey.

 * ''See further: Evolution of the wolf

Range
Ezo is a Japanese word meaning "foreigner" and referred to the historical lands of the Ainu people to the north of Honshu, which the Japanese named Ezo-chi. The Ainu were to be found on Hokkaido, Sakhalin, the Kuril islands, and as far north as the Kamchatka Peninsula.

The range of the Ezo wolf was the Hokkaido and Sakhalin islands, Iturup and Kunashir islands just to the east of Hokkaido in the Kuril archipelago, and the Kamchatka peninsula. It became extinct on Hokkaido island in 1889. It was reported to be surviving in Sakhalin island and perhaps the Kuril Islands in 1945; however, according to the Soviet zoologist Vladimir Heptner it had not been seen on Sakhalin at the beginning of the 20th century, with vagrant specimens of Siberian forest wolf occasionally crossing into the island via the Nevelskoy Strait, though not permanently settling. Information on the animal's presence on the Kuril islands is often contradictory or erroneous. It was tentatively recorded to inhabit Kunashir, Iturup and Paramushir, while wolves reported on Shumshu were later dismissed as feral dogs. A survey undertaken in the mid 1960s could not find a wolf on any of the Kuril islands but did find many feral dogs.

Description
A study of Ezo wolf morphology showed that it was similar in size to mainland Asian and North American wolves. It stood 70–80 cm at the withers. Soviet zoologist Vladimir Geptner wrote that the wolves (classed under the nomen dubium C. l. altaicus) of Kamchatka (where C. l. hattai's range is supposed to have encompassed) are just as large as C. l. lupus, with light gray fur with dark guard hairs running along the back. Edwin Dun, in his unpublished memoirs, described it in the following terms:

"The Hokkaido wolf is a formidable beast but not dangerous to man as long as other prey is to be had for the killing. During the winter months, at the time of which I am writing, they lived mostly upon deer which were very plentiful. During the summer their diet was principally horse meat. A full grown wolf weighs from 70 to 80 pounds, he has an enormous head and mouth armed with tremendous fangs and teeth. He is generally very lean but exceedingly muscular. Of a grey color in summer and greyish white in winter, when his fur is thick and long. His feet are remarkable for their size, three or four times larger than the feet of the largest dog which they resemble in shape, only the claws are much longer. Their large feet enable them to travel rapidly over deep snow that soon tires a fleeing deer that could easily run away from his enemy when the ground is bare. They usually hunt singly or in couple but frequently the trail of a pack of four or five or even more is seen in the snow. They are widely scattered throughout the island as a rule but few in any one neighborhood."

In Ainu culture
The Ainu revered the wolf as the deity Horkew Kamuy ("howling god"), in recognition of the animal's similar hunting habits. Wolves were sacrificed in "sending-away" iomante ceremonies, and some Ainu communities, such as those in Tokachi and Hidaka, held origin myths linking the birth of the Ainu to a coupling between a white wolf and a goddess. Ainu hunters would leave portions of their kills for wolves, and it was believed that hunters could share a wolf's kill if they politely cleared their throats in its presence. Because of the wolf's special status in Ainu culture, hunters were forbidden from killing wolves with poison arrows or firearms, and wasting the pelt and meat of a wolf was thought to provoke wolves into killing the hunter responsible. The Ainu did not differentiate wolves from their domestic dogs, and would strive to reproduce wolf traits in their dogs by allowing dogs in heat to roam freely in wolf-inhabited areas in order to produce hybrid offspring.

Extinction on Hokkaido island
With the onset of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Emperor Meiji officially ended Japan's long-standing isolationism through the Charter Oath, and sought to modernize Japan's agriculture by replacing its dependence on rice farming with American-style ranching. Ohio rancher Edwin Dun was hired as a scientific adviser in 1873 for the Kaitakushi (Hokkaido Development Agency), and began promoting ranching with state-run experimental farms. As wolf predation was inhibiting the propagation of horses in southeastern Hokkaidō and allegedly causing hardship to Ainu deer hunters, the Meiji government declared wolves as "noxious animals" (yūgai dōbutsu), entrusting Dun to oversee the animals' extermination. Dun began his work at the Niikappu ranch with a mass-poisoning campaign involving the use of strychnine-laced baits. This was supplemented by a bounty system established by the Kaitakushi.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hokkaido wolf


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KDAL (AM)

KDAL (610 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Duluth, Minnesota, serving the Duluth-Superior area of Northeastern Minnesota and Northwestern Wisconsin. KDAL is owned and operated by Midwest Communications and broadcasts a talk radio format. The radio studios and offices for KDAL, KDAL-FM, KDKE, WDSM, WDUL and KTCO are at 11 East Superior Street, Suite 380, in downtown Duluth.

By day, KDAL transmits with 5,000 watts non-directional. At night, to protect other stations on 610 AM, KDAL uses a directional antenna. Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator W280FB at 103.9 MHz.

Programming
Weekdays begin with Dave Stranberg and the KDAL Morning Show, featuring news, sports, weather, school closings and local information. Bruce Ciskie hosts a late morning sports show and Bob Sansevere is heard in afternoons. The rest of the weekday schedule comes from nationally syndicated talk shows including The Ramsey Show with Dave Ramsey, Markley, VanCamp and Robbins, Our American Stories with Lee Habeeb, Ground Zero with Clyde Lewis, This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal and Coast to Coast AM with George Noory.

Weekends feature shows on health, money, religion, technology, travel, cars and home repair, with a polka music show on Saturday mornings. Weekend syndicated shows include Leo Laporte, The Tech Guy, Somewhere in Time with Art Bell and World Travel Connection with Rudy Maxa. KDAL broadcasts Minnesota Twins baseball and University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs college football and basketball. Most hours begin with world and national news from CBS Radio News. Local news and weather is supplied by KBJR-TV.

History
KDAL signed on the air as a 100-watt station at 1500 kHz on November 22, 1936. The KDAL call sign came from the station's founder, Dalton A. LeMasurier, who was president and general manager of KDAL for many years. On September 5, 1937, power increased to 250 watts and the station joined the CBS Radio Network. KDAL broadcast CBS's dramas, comedies, news, sports, soap operas, game shows and big band broadcasts during the "Golden Age of Radio". With the enactment of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA), the station moved to 1490 kHz in early 1941.

KDAL switched frequencies to the current 610 kHz on October 24, 1941, increasing power to 1,000 watts. The switchover was dramatically made from a plane flying over the city. In 1947, a new transmitter and tower were constructed at 63rd Avenue West along the harborfront. The facilities remain to this day. KDAL got another power increase again to 5,000 watts on August 7, 1947. A new transmitter and tower were constructed for the boost in wattage. This enabled KDAL to serve a wider area. The event was celebrated with a "Kilowatt Karnival" in the Duluth Armory.

In the 1948-1949 season, CBS raided NBC and grabbed some of their biggest stars. Radio's highest rated program, "The Jack Benny Program", moved to CBS and KDAL in January, 1949. "Amos 'n' Andy", "George Burns & Gracie Allen", "Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy" and Bing Crosby also made the switch. CBS was suddenly the number one network and KDAL finally made some headway against NBC's WEBC.

KDAL made the jump to television as KDAL-TV (now KDLH) in 1953. FM station KDAL-FM went on the air in 1985.

Network programming moved from radio to television in the 1950s. KDAL featured a full service, middle of the road (MOR) format of popular music, news and sports in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. In the 1980s and 1990s, the music was updated to adult contemporary. By the late 1990s, the music shows were eliminated and the station became a full time talk outlet.

In the beginning of the 2000s, Midwest acquired KDAL AM/FM, KRBR-FM, WDSM, KTCO and KXTP in the Duluth/Superior market. KDAL would gain an additional sister station in the form of KQDS-FM in 2016, acquired by Midwest from Red Rock Radio.

In 2022, Midwest Communications merged the news-talk programming of sister station WDSM into KDAL. Simultaneously, WDUL's sports-talk format was moved to WDSM. AM 710 is now branded as The Game with most programming originating from WRNW in Milwaukee. The 98.1 translator from WDSM moved to WDUL, which now airs a contemporary hit radio format as Hot 98.1.

title: KDAL (AM)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Geography and early childhood education (0th nomination)

from VfD:

Unencylopedic, POV, research paper. Delete this and all associated images. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 02:12, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC) (UTC)
 * Keep, badly formatted but there is some good content. - SimonP 02:40, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and send for cleanup. Terribly written and formatted, etc, but has content that deserves to stay.  --Randy 03:03, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: As is, it looks like it was copied from somewhere else. DCEdwards1966 03:36, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Yet again, a well intended copy & paste. We're not a teaching site, so the how-to of this is misapplied.  Perhaps this could be transwiki'd to Wikibooks?  It might be of use there, if it is unencumbered. Geogre 03:59, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I suspect this is just original research and not a copyvio, as the article states it was written by a Kathryn Angle, and the author of the article is named User:Kat 7. Delete as Wikipedia is not the place for how-to's; maybe transwiki if it is cleaned up and has anything of value left. [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 04:21, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The fact that the bibliography is 5 times longer than the article makes me think its original research. I doubt there's much salvageable here; anything useful can be included in another one of the geography articles. Don't keep this though; too often stuff voted "keep and clean" is kept but not cleaned. -R. fiend 07:41, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * KEEP- My name is Kathryn Angle and I am the user Kat_7. i had to do this for an assignment for my computer class- computers in education at Ryerson University.  This is my first time using this site and i was following the instructions and outline of the assignment from my professor.  i understand this is not an education site but im informing people on how geography can be used in education, more so with young children.  if any of you actually looked at the annotated bibliography you would have realised that it isnt a list of references but a list of sites which can be used for ideas for lesson plans, there are usefull articles etc.  im trying to get the point across that geography is an important part of the education process.  in one of the articles in my bib.  states that there are children in the US who have no idea where the United States is on a map.  this is very pathetic and this is why this topic struck me as important.  im just asking to have the page reinstated the way i had it until the 26th of December.  i get my marks then for this class and afterwards you can delete it with no problems from me.  i just need this page up and running until then so my prof. can take a look at it.  Thanks, Kat_7 Dec.7 (1:06 pm)
 * Oh, and I seriously question the credibility of an education student who does not understand (or worse, ignores) basic English conventions like using a capital letter to begin a sentence. Denni ☯ 22:49, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)
 * Don't bite the newcomers, please. I'm sure we're all avid lovers of the English language, but the perfunctory correlation of veracity with linguistic deftness, and its ostensibly extrapolated typographical infallibility has as of yet to exhibit the resounding verisimilitude its proponents seem to advocate. No, I don't use thesauruses, that's cheating. :-) JRM 23:23, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)
 * Should Transwiki to Wikibooks for this research paper written by a Ry High student. Or DELETE. 132.205.15.43 00:11, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and refactor. Wikipedia is not a holding place for class assignments. (!)  --[[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:53, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep if modified. Agreed, wikipedia is not a place for class assignments. The student is misinformed. Thought the assignment is to find a topic that is not addressed in wikipedia, identify a best practices model for a wikipedia entry, follow that model, and produce something useful. Not just dump in an annotated bibliography. I'm the one who gave the assignment, and I think that that's within the boundary of wikipedia and general encyclopedia's mandate. The student gets no marks for putting content here. They have to produce a wikipedia like entry on another media wiki install, with the option of moving it here... for karma points. This, like all topics related to early childhood education are woefully under represented here. And I think that wikipedia as a whole would be better served by leaving it here, and pushing for improvements, than deleting it. I must say that I appreciate it being discussed regardless of the decision. Jasonnolan 20:50, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete The article is lame. Wyss 21:34, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If this all an education student can write on the issue of geography and the elementary school child, American education is in worse shape than I thought. Wyss, regrettably, has it right. Denni ☯ 22:54, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)
 * Please avoid personal attacks. - SimonP 08:57, Dec 8, 2004
 * Keep and cleanup.--JuntungWu 01:18, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Rename to Geography (education) and keep. We need an article on the teaching of Geography, in addition to the subject itself. The actual text is rather trivial, and could do with being trimmed back to a substub, but the subject is important. [[User:GeorgeStepanek|GeorgeStepanek\talk ]] 01:50, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Kat_7 has requested that her content be removed, and I've done so. If anyone wants to move it back in, or move it somewhere, please feel free to do so. Jasonnolan 17:33, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't see any personal attacks here. The criticism has been directed at the article, with some side commentary on the general state of the US educational system. In the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) study results released this week, the US ranked only 24th out of 29, beaten by every country in Europe, for starters... absolutely dismal. Wyss 18:50, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, but please be more civil on VfD. This is original research. --Improv 20:57, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * delete someone can look at the georgaphy article and teach themselves it if they dont know it Fledgeling 03:34, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion


text:
Worth (magazine)

Worth is an American financial, wealth management, and life-style magazine founded in 1986 and purchased by Clarim Holdings in 2019. The magazine addresses financial, legal and life-style issues for high-net-worth individuals. The content focuses on various topics including business, technology, philanthropy, finance, climate and sustainability and life-style.

Distribution
Worth magazine is distributed to a proprietary database of high-net-worth households in major markets, including the New York metropolitan area, Fairfield County, the Delaware Valley, Boston, Chicago, South Florida, Dallas, Houston, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Orange County, and registered invested investment advisors (RIAs) with assets under management of $100 million or greater, as well as 300 multifamily offices (MFOs) nationwide.

Worth events
Worth assembles live events and conferencesincluding through their Techonomy brand. In addition, Worth produces lists including: Groundbreaking Women and Worthy100.

title: Worth (magazine)


text: File:Stanislaw Rewera Potocki.jpg

title: File:Stanislaw Rewera Potocki.jpg


text:
Raminder Gill

Raminder Singh Gill (born 1950 or 1951) is an Indian-born Canadian politician in Ontario. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2003, and has unsuccessfully sought election to the House of Commons of Canada on three occasions. He served as a citizenship judge from 2006 to 2011.

Background
Gill was born to a Sikh family in Punjab, India. He was educated at the Parkdale Collegiate Institute and later attended the University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering where he graduated with a Master's Degree in Engineering. He works as a chemical engineer in private life, and has invented environmentally friendly products such as "The Alternative Bleach", offered by the President's Choice company. He started a private firm called Genpro Canada Ltd in 1990. Gill has been a director of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers of Canada, and is a member of the Association of Professional Engineers of Ontario. He was also a founding member of the Malton Cougars Soccer Club.

Politics
Gill tried several times to enter politics but was unsuccessful. In 1982, he ran for a seat on Peel District School Board, but lost. In 1993 he sought the federal Liberal nomination for Bramalea—Gore—Malton—Springdale, but lost to Gurbax Malhi. He ran in the 1997 federal election, as a Progressive Conservative in the riding of Mississauga West. He finished third, well behind Liberal Steve Mahoney.

Provincial politics
In the 1999 provincial election, Gill ran for the Ontario Progressive Conservatives in the riding of Bramalea--Gore--Malton--Springdale, which has a large Indian-Canadian community. The riding is located in the "905 region", which at the time was a primary base of support for the Ontario Tories. Gill was elected, defeating Liberal Dave Toor by about 4,000 votes.

During his time in government he served as Parliamentary assistant to several ministers including the Minister of Labour and to the Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities.

The Liberal Party made strong gains in the 905 area in the 2003 provincial election, and Gill lost his seat to Liberal candidate Kuldip Kular by almost 4,000 votes, following a bitter and divisive campaign.

Federal politics
In the Canadian general election of 2004, Gill ran as a candidate of the Conservative Party in the redistributed riding of Bramalea--Gore--Malton. Although this seat was actively targeted by the Conservatives, Gill lost to incumbent Liberal Gurbax Singh Malhi by 7,800 votes.

In also ran in the 2006 federal election in the riding of Mississauga—Streetsville, against Liberal incumbent Wajid Khan. He lost that contest as well, losing by about 5,800 votes to Khan.

Citizenship judge
In the fall of 2006 Gill was appointed as a Federal citizenship judge. Some considered the move as a patronage appointment. Gill was thought to have been "fasttracked" into the post, bypassing the usual screening process. In 2009, he was reappointed to this position, but he was not reappointed in 2012.

title: Raminder Gill


text:
Talk:American Staffordshire Terrier

Breed-specific legislation
I read that American Staffordshire terriers are banned in the UK, they are not the same breed as the American pitbull terrier and should not be mistaken for the American pitbull terrier Dennis the mennis (talk) 20:42, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:American Staffordshire Terrier


text: File:From Russia With Love (movie soundtrack - album cover).jpg


text:
Australian Financial Review

The Australian Financial Review (AFR) is an Australian business-focused, compact daily newspaper covering the current business and economic affairs of Australia and the world. The newspaper is based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; owned by Nine Entertainment and has been published continuously since its founding in 1951. The AFR is published in tabloid format six times a week, whilst providing 24/7 online coverage through its website. In November 2019, the AFR reached 2.647 million Australians through both print and digital mediums (Mumbrella).

The Australian Financial Review started as a print-only weekly newspaper in 1951, before changing to a bi-weekly in 1961, and a daily newspaper in 1963. The paper now publishes multiple magazines and a supplementary weekend paper, which was launched in 1995. In that same year, the AFR website was also released, which helped to expand its readership base across all media. The AFR, along with most of Fairfax Media, was purchased by Nine Entertainment in 2018.

History
The Australian Financial Review newspaper started as a weekly publication in 1951, published by John Fairfax & Sons. The paper's main objective was to inform the Australian public on business life and news.

In 1961, the AFR converted to a bi-weekly, and then established itself as the first daily newspaper by 1963. Despite other newspapers claiming the title of the first daily national paper, Maxwell Newton was the editor in charge of taking the Financial Review from a bi-weekly to the first daily national paper. During 1961–62, the AFR's primary competitor was The Australian Financial Times, which was in operation for less than 12 months. In the 1960s and 1970s, the AFR developed a strong readership amongst a specialist business audience due to its neutral stance on domestic government policies. In the 1970s, despite the AFR's reputation as a national business daily, many saw it as the primary competitor for The Australian given its high proportion of readers in the AB demographic.

In 1995, Fairfax launched the Australian Financial Review Magazine in response to its growing readership across a wide-ranging audience. The magazine was published to cover topics other than business including leisure, politics, travel, sports, fashion, and other peripheral topics. In December 2019, the magazine recorded an average issue readership of 326,000. Since its launch in 1995, the AFR Magazine has won the 'Best Newspaper Inserted Magazine' (2013-2019), 'Newspaper Inserted Brand of the Year' (2019) and Mumbrella's 'Special Issue of the Year' (2019).

The magazine's founding was followed by the launch of the AFR website in the same year, which started as a free online source of financial news.

In 1997, the AFR launched its Weekend Edition which extended the paper's publications into the weekend, with an explicit focus of targeting the growing readership base by providing news articles outside of the traditional finance setting.

In 2016, the AFR launched mobile and iPad compatible applications to provide its digital subscribers more accessibility to its news platform. This was aimed at allowing cross-platform accessibility without having to download two separate applications across different device platforms. The application carries similar features to the website including sections such as: Street Talk and Rear Window. The product management team decided to revamp the app due to the wide uptake of smartphones in the Australian market, and to improve their user-interface experience. The UTS Business School was the launch partner for the app, providing logistical advice on the app's delivery. The app's subscription price is included in the 'all premium digital subscription' bundle.

The Australian Financial Review has grown its product offerings since its beginnings as a finance newsroom. It has consistently been well received by the journalism sector as one of the most high-quality newsrooms across Australia. Since the 2000s, the AFR has launched BOSS (magazine for business leadership and strategy) and the Sophisticated Traveller magazine. In 2019, the Australian Financial Review recorded double-digit subscriber growth, as it continued to market its newspaper as the driver of Australian business-people's success and ambitions. In 2020, due to the newspaper company's expansion efforts across different readership bases, the AFR reached 2.647m Australians a month.

Evolution of paywall system
The AFR first introduced its paywall in 2006, charging online users to view its articles – a payment model that had not yet been utilised by any other Australian newspaper firm. The switch to a paywall was done because the newspaper company thought it could further monetise its niche business audience who could afford it. Following this change, the AFR continued to adjust the pricing of its subscription due to low subscriber growth.

In 2011, it newly introduced a freemium paywall in which only a small portion of articles were free. It has been noted that the AFR's website locks approximately 86% of its online content behind a paywall, higher than its closest competitor the National Business Review. This was aimed at increasing its digital readership which in 2011 amounted to 6,000 subscribers. In addition, it was later determined that the AFR's failures in attracting online subscribers was due to its paywall being too expensive. Its 2012 price of $59 AUD was notably higher than other international mastheads, including The New York Times which was priced at $37.84 AUD. As a result, the AFR has since lowered its digital subscription price to $29.50 AUD.

Nine Entertainment merger
The mega-cap deal that saw Nine Entertainment and Fairfax Media merge was inspired by initial chats between Hugh Marks (Nine CEO) and Nick Falloon (Fairfax chairman). The pair discussed how the two companies' assets could synergise, improve efficiencies, save costs and increase scale. During the lead up to the merger, there were a few roadblocks. In 2016, the proposed merger was not feasible due to government legislation surrounding media ownership. In addition, Nine Entertainment's board believed that its share price was undervalued and thus wanted to delay any acquisition until its fair value had been reflected. Amongst the delays in talks between the two parties, Fairfax had other suitors including private equity groups TPG Capital and Hellman & Friedman, which ended up walking away from the table.

In 2018, Nine Entertainment's board re-entered into talks with Fairfax of a potential merger after its share price had jumped following an upbeat earnings report. The proposed structure of the takeover was 0.3627 Nine shares plus $0.025 AUD per Fairfax share, composing a cash plus scrip deal. This represented a 21.9% takeover premium to Fairfax's last close, and valued Fairfax at $2313.8mm AUD. Once the deal was made, it was reported that Fairfax's portfolio newspapers, including the AFR, would maintain independence from Nine's media groups. As part of the proposed deal, Hugh Marks took over corporate control of the combined group with Fairfax CEO, Greg Hywood, stepping down.

The combined entity in 2018 was forecasted to have approximately 6,000 employees (inclusive of all the duplicate roles made redundant), major resources across all media types including print, TV, radio and online; and $3 billion in revenue.

The proposed merger was also put under review by the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) on antitrust measures. It was announced in November 2018 that the ACCC would not oppose the merger. The investigation looked at the merger's impact on the online news industry's competition and involved contacting numerous stakeholders. It was noted that the merger would most likely reduce competition in the domestic media market, but that it was not in breach of the Competition and Consumer Act. The main point of divergence between the two business' assets was that Nine Entertainment's news assets provided mass market news coverage whereas Fairfax Media's news assets provided more specialist coverage.

Despite the ACCC's ruling, there were a few stakeholders who voiced their concerns about the merger's impact on the Australian media industry's competitive landscape. Union groups such as the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, and the Journalists' union warned the ACCC that the mega-cap takeover would threaten the editorial independence of Fairfax Media's portfolio newspaper companies. Former prime minister Paul Keating also voiced his criticisms labelling the ACCC's decision as "appalling", considering that a more concentrated media industry would reduce coverage of city-specific political issues.

Newspaper sections
Within the AFR's daily newspaper, regularly scheduled sections include:

 * World – news and analysis on global companies and the international business environment.
 * Chanticleer – the long-running business opinion column (begun July 1974) that looks into individual companies in-depth, analysing their operations, management and board of directors.
 * Accounting & Consulting – Targeted at senior executives and management, this section lays out lateral personnel movements within the finance sector, recent company news, and key participants in the industry
 * Education – provides information regarding professional development, the education sector, and news regarding company training
 * Companies & Markets – this section features in-depth analysis of the Australian business environment including equity markets, debt markets and the M&A industry
 * Legal Affairs – targeted at lawyers, this section provides coverage of the legal industry: its trends and news about the top law firms in Australia
 * Property – this section provides analysis of the Australian property market: house prices, commercial properties, developers, REITS, and others. Each major capital city has its own journalism team covering the respective property markets.
 * Life & Leisure – this two-day weekly insert focuses on more leisurely topics including fashion, travel, social media, jewellery, etc.

Products and operations
Across the AFR group, the team does not only publish newspapers. Its range of operations is listed below:

 * The Australian Financial Review daily newspaper, founded in 1951, the paper aims to provide information regarding the Australian business landscape.
 * The Weekend Edition, delivered on Saturday, covers important business topics as well as general news and leisure-focused topics.
 * Afr.com, the AFR news website, provides online access to a news database with topics including markets, politics, policy, property, and others.
 * Sophisticated Traveller – Since 2004, this quarterly magazine has been targeting high net worth individuals, covering content regarding luxury travel.
 * Australian Financial Review Magazine – Monthly inserted magazine providing content on high-profile business news, politics, fashion and luxury. The magazine was launched in 1995.
 * BOSS - This magazine aims to deliver content to Australia's business seniors about company management, leadership and influential trends.
 * LUXURY – A quarterly magazine covering trends in the luxury industry including watches, jewellery, fashion, and others.

Financial Review Rich List
The Financial Review Rich List aims to compile an annual ranking of the wealthiest Australian citizens. The list was first published in the BRW Magazine in 1984. Since its beginnings, the compilation of the list and its publishing have been taken over by the AFR, now being published annually in the Australian Financial Review Magazine and on the afr.com. Along with the names of the richest people, the list explicates the person or family's net worth and provides a short summary on the business activities and sector they are engaged in. The valuations are conducted by utilising a mix of publicly available information and private consultations. In 2019, the cut-off for making the Rich List was $472m AUD. In 2020, the cut-off was raised to $540m AUD.

Reporting stance
During 1975 to 1983, when The Australian widely articulated its political stance on conservative liberalism, it had been noted that the AFR also promoted neo-liberalism through its news coverage and editorials, exerting influence on the business sphere of Australia and its elitist readership base. The newspaper has also been labelled as one of the propagators of radical liberalism during the 1970s – 1980s, shaping the policy debate surrounding market deregulation at that time. This was in line with the overarching political stance of all Fairfax Holdings owned newspapers, including The Sydney Morning Herald, which in the 1970s was also right-leaning in its political views. However, contrasting to The Australian, the AFR was still perceived as a newspaper with a strong sense of integrity in reporting facts, despite its editorial style leaning towards conservative business ideals.

In the wake of the 1987 stock market crash, the Australian news media sector was blamed for overlooking corporate corruption and wrongdoings, whilst publishing primarily favourable news articles handed to them from corporate PR teams. Also during this time, The National Times whIch was Australia's leading financial investigative journalism newspaper, shut down after the stock market crash. So during the 2000s, following the financial market failures and economic downturn of the 1990s, the AFR's reporting focus steered more towards business investigative journalism, scrutinising big corporations, government power and corruption. This was viewed as the AFR making reparations for its lack of scrutiny over the corporate sector in the lead-up to the stock market crash.

One major factor that allowed the AFR to undertake deep corporate investigations was that it did not need advertising revenue to stay afloat – its cover price was sufficient. On the other hand, all other daily mastheads needed company advertising to stay profitable. This afforded the AFR's editors the flexibility to pursue and publish news articles that shed a negative light on major companies without needing to be concerned about its financial impacts.

In the early 2010s, the AFR political stance has been labelled as neutral. During the controversial 2013 tax debate regarding taxes for 'extraordinary' profits generated by mining companies, major mastheads from regions with high mining interests had almost four-fold the number of negative articles compared to positive articles. The Australian, the biggest national daily, had a large number of both positive and negative articles, but had a limited number of neutral articles. Out of all the daily mastheads, the AFR published the most articles surrounding the tax debate and also the most number of neutral articles.

Notable reporting
In November 2023, the AFR joined with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Paper trail media and 69 media partners including Distributed Denial of Secrets and the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) and more than 270 journalists in 55 countries and territories to produce the 'Cyprus Confidential' report on the financial network which supports the regime of Vladimir Putin, mostly with connections to Cyprus, and showed Cyprus to have strong links with high-up figures in the Kremlin, some of whom have been sanctioned. Government officials including Cyprus president Nikos Christodoulides and European lawmakers began responding to the investigation's findings in less than 24 hours, calling for reforms and launching probes.

title: Australian Financial Review


text:
Rennie Davis

Rennard Cordon Davis (May 23, 1940 – February 2, 2021) was an American anti-war activist who gained prominence in the 1960s. He was one of the Chicago Seven defendants charged for anti-war demonstrations and large-scale protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. He had a prominent organizational role in the American anti–Vietnam War protest movement of the 1960s.

In the early 1970s, Davis became a follower of Guru Maharaj Ji (Prem Rawat) and his Divine Light Mission. He began to travel as a spiritual lecturer. He also became a venture capitalist, and founded the Foundation for a New Humanity to combine these goals.

Early life
Davis was born in Lansing, Michigan, on May 23, 1940. His family moved to Berryville, Virginia, when he was in the seventh grade. His father, John, worked in nearby Washington, D.C., including as chief of staff to the Council of Economic Advisers under President Harry S. Truman. His mother, Dorothy, was employed as a schoolteacher. Davis studied at Oberlin College starting in 1958. After graduating, he went on to obtain a master's degree from the University of Illinois.

In the 1960s, Davis became active in the Students for a Democratic Society. He was the National Director of their project of community organizing programs (the Economic Research and Action Project, or ERAP) in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He became increasingly allied with anti-war groups, and helped organize protests and related events before and during the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago for the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam ("the Mobe").

Democratic Convention protests and subsequent trial
Davis was one of the principal organizers of the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam to plan anti-war protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. He negotiated unsuccessfully to gain a permit with Chicago city counsel David Stahl. At a police riot in Grant Park on August 27, 1968, Davis was among protesters beaten by Chicago police officers, and he suffered a concussion.

The Chicago Eight (later known as the Chicago Seven) were eight men charged with conspiracy, inciting to riot, and other charges related to the nonviolent and violent protests that took place in Chicago. The original eight protester/defendants, as indicted by the grand jury on March 20, 1969, included Davis, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, John Froines, Lee Weiner, and Bobby Seale, a Black Panther leader.

During the early part of the trial, Seale's case was separated from the others. The Chicago Seven defense attorneys were William Kunstler and Leonard Weinglass of the Center for Constitutional Rights. The judge was Julius Hoffman. The prosecutors were Richard Schultz and Tom Foran. The trial began on September 24, 1969. On October 9, the Illinois National Guard was called in to join the Chicago police for crowd control, as demonstrations grew outside the courtroom. Davis was found guilty of inciting to riot and sentenced to five years imprisonment. His conviction was overturned on appeal.

At his testimony, given January 23, 1970, Davis related, for the Court, a speech he gave at the University of Chicago on November 20, 1967, and, by extension, his reasons for demonstrating at the Democratic National Convention. The suppression of his testimony led the defense to motion for a mistrial. During his speech, Davis held up a small green steel ball, about the size of a tennis ball, and described how 640 of them were dropped by an American F-105 fighter jet over Nam Ding, Vietnam.

Foran objected that the methods and techniques used during the Vietnam war had nothing to do with whether or not people in the United States had a right to travel in interstate commerce to incite a riot. The Court sustained the objection and Kunstler motioned for a mistrial.

Divine Light Mission
In the early 1970s, Davis became a follower of Guru Maharaj Ji (Prem Rawat). He was a spokesperson and speaker at the widely publicized Millennium '73 event organized by Divine Light Mission in the Houston Astrodome. He described the arrival of Guru Maharaj Ji as, Texas Monthly quoted Davis as stating: "This city is going to be remembered through all the ages of human civilization." An op-ed in the San Francisco Sunday Examiner speculated at the time as to whether Davis had undergone a lobotomy, and suggested, "If not, maybe he should try one."

Foundation for a New Humanity
Davis later became a venture capitalist and lecturer on meditation and self-awareness. He created the Foundation for a New Humanity, a technology development and venture capital company commercializing breakthrough technologies.

He appeared on Larry King Live, Barbara Walters, CNN, Phil Donahue, VH1, and other network television programs. He consulted and provided advice in business strategies for Fortune 500 companies.

Davis returned to Chicago for the 1996 Democratic National Convention to speak at the "Festival of Life" in Grant Park. He also appeared on a panel with activist Tom Hayden discussing "a progressive counterbalance to the religious right".

In a 2005 article published in the Iowa Source, Davis said:

Death
Davis died on February 2, 2021, at his home in Berthoud, Colorado. He was 80 and suffered from lymphoma, which was discovered only two weeks prior to his death.

Popular culture

 * Robert Carradine played Rennie Davis in the 1987 film Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8.
 * Davis voices himself in the 2007 animated documentary Chicago 10.
 * In the 2010 film The Chicago 8 Davis was played by Bret Harrison.
 * Alex Sharp portrayed Davis in the 2020 drama film The Trial of the Chicago 7.

title: Rennie Davis


text: User talk:67.174.183.14

title: User talk:67.174.183.14


text:
Talk:Daniel Davis

where was Daniel Davis at the nannys reunion??
why was Daniel Davis not on the reunion of the Nanny??????????? again,why wasn't Daniel Davis on the Nanny's Reunion special?

I waited to see him and no show What happened? I would like to know that myself....And why was one of the shows Dedicated to him like he has passed on?

I wanted badly to see him too, but it turns out that he couldn't be there because he was busy doing La Cage on broadway. Too bad. It was nice to see how the actors changed since the show ended. I wanted to see how he turned out too.

Gay Actors category
The Gay Actors category lists him as gay. Is he really? I'm surprised.

Yes, he is, and he should not be removed from it. 12.135.58.53 14:04, 30 January 2007 (UTC)scharles

Cite your source...

Fired? Cite
I reinstated the below paragraph. After I changed it someone clumsily tried to reinstate the information. My problem was that the reference for this paragraph does not corroborate what it says at all. The reference merely says he left due to illness. A better reference that actually coroborates the information is needed. Asa01 22:23, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

"He appeared in the musical La Cage Aux Folles with Gary Beach from November 2004 to March 2005. He reportedly clashed frequently with Beach and others, and was fired to be replaced by Robert Goulet.  "

Daniel Davis Sotelo
Born july, 13, 1994 Full Name: DAniel Josef Davis Sotelo —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.80.143.26 (talk) 21:56, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Active until 2010?
The article states that Davis was was active until 2010. Can someone verify this? If it is incorrect, could someone please remove it. 101090ABC (talk) 13:59, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

noises off
He is now playing the role of "Selsdon Mowbray" in a new show on Broadway named "noises off". Fyi since I'm on mobile so i can't fully cite it on the actual page, but I just saw the show. Can provide img proof from the playbill if needed! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.199.101.242 (talk) 22:03, 27 December 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Daniel Davis


text:
Clandestine (band)

Clandestine is a Celtic music group from Houston, Texas. Featuring bagpipes, guitar, fiddle, and drums (bodhrán and conga drums), they play traditional Celtic music (both instrumental and vocal) as well as some modern tunes (including some originals) in a Celtic style. Some songs include additional instruments like the flute, bombarde and various whistles. They formed in 1991, stabilized as a quartet in 1996, and dissolved for a time in 2003. In their original incarnation, the band made 4 discs and toured heavily around the US and also performed in Europe. They were favorites at McGonigel's Mucky Duck Pub in their hometown of Houston, as well as the Cactus Cafe in nearby Austin.

The band reformed with a change in membership in late 2006.

History
The original Clandestine was a pipe-and-drum quartet in Houston. Original member bagpiper E.J. Jones moved to Pittsburgh, met guitarist and singer Jen Hamel in Pittsburgh, and convinced her to return to Houston to perform as part of Clandestine. In 1995, fiddle player Gregory McQueen joined. The first disc (The Ale is Dear) featured this trio. In 1996 percussionist and singer Emily Dugas joined, and the remaining 3 discs include all 4 members. Jen Hamel and Emily Dugas both sang. In February 2003 the band performed their last show in that original incarnation.

In 2005, E.J., Emily and Gregory began playing with various other artists as the Emily Dugas Band. In 2006, with Jen's blessing, they officially reformed Clandestine with themselves and a fourth member, Al Cofrin, on Irish cittern, folk guitar, and medieval bagpipes. The band made their formal debut as Clandestine at the Mucky Duck Pub in Houston on St. Andrew's Day, November 30, 2006.

Discography
Apparently Clandestine also appears on 2 discs The Houston Music Council Eclectic Music Showcase and Blarneyfest, according to Celtic Nations World.
 * The Ale Is Dear (1996)
 * The Haunting (1997)
 * To Anybody at All (1999)
 * Music from Home (live album, and the band's last) (2001)
 * Fine Small Storm (Jen Hamel) (2001)
 * The Willow (E.J. Jones) (2002)
 * ReD (2008)

title: Clandestine (band)


text:
Talk:Dead metaphor

Sages
I have slightly edited what Andrew Goatly, a world expert on Metaphor has said. I do think my version is clearer: "Dictionaries are the burial grounds of dead metaphors; the dormitories for sleeping metaphors; the park benches for tired metaphors". (from Sages, 26/10/04)
 * Thanks for doing that. That quote, if it belongs anywhere, should be in the articles for dictionary or metaphor, but not here.  -Willmcw 02:38, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article is ridiculous
These examples are not even metaphors, let alone dead metaphors. Most of them are archaisms, which is an entirely different issue. I wish to overhaul the article. Markbenjamin (talk) 07:07, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

Examples
I don't see how understanding and mantel are dead metaphors. I'm not saying they aren't, just that as a lay reader I don't get the example. Kyle J Moore 18:22, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

I agree i have no idea how some of the examples listed are dead metaphors. someone should clarify   Lue3378 09:27, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Go to the Metaphor page and read that...example: "understand" = to stand underneath. "Mantel" i'm not so sure

 * A mantle, or Mantel in German, is a hooded cloak, which is a garment nobody wears anymore. A fireplace "mantel" was originally a "hood", a fixture that stuck out into the room to catch smoke. We still have "vent hoods" or "smoke hoods" over cooktops in large kitchens, and in laboratories. It's a dead metaphor because nobody associates the fireplace fixture, "mantel", with the garment, "mantle" ... all the more so because a modern fireplace "mantel" is no longer a smoke hood. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.146.9.94 (talk) 06:49, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

How is "flared jeans" a metaphor? Maybe the word flare used in this sense is a dead metaphor by itself, but as applied to jeans it is just a standard meaning of the word. MattCoon (talk) 13:34, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Fishing for compliments, seeds of doubt, and catch her name are not dead metaphors, they are simply metaphors.
 * The world wide web is literal.
 * Branches of government and kidney beans are just terms based on what they resemble.

 * "A regular metaphor is like "fishing for compliments", where you are not literally fishing, but are enacting something that metaphorically represents real "fishing".
 * A dead metaphor is like "pilot", which, according to the article, referenced a rudder, which it no longer represents.

 * Nikandros (talk) 01:07, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

I don't understand the article
The article is too short and does not explain enough. After reading it, I feel none the wiser regarding what a "dead metaphor" is. More explanation, please. SpectrumDT 18:11, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

I agree with you and all these other people. The examples make the brief article even less coherent. How is 'kidney bean' a dead metaphor? Is a kidney bean not the shape and color of a kidney? How is that "dead"? Almost all these examples seem to be describe still common uses. Promontoriumispromontorium (talk) 09:49, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Agree with SpectrumDT, lo these (nearly) 5 years on. I expected to perhaps find an explanation of "uppercase" or "dial" (as in telephones, TVs) - unsure whether these are dead metaphors or not. Kidney beans? How is that a dead metaphor? -- Gyrofrog  (talk) 16:37, 20 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Another example of what I'm told is a dead metaphor, again involving the telephone: we still say "the phone is ringing," though most telephones (and certainly all mobile phones) do not have actual bells. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 05:15, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

The examples should be Wikified
The examples should be Wikified, also I fail to see how the whole section on horse metaphors apply as most are quite obvious in origin. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.190.34.219 (talk) 10:15, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

causes
I would add to the first sentence, "… or they refer to an obsolete technology or forgotten custom." Comment? —Tamfang (talk) 00:46, 14 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Seeing no objection … —Tamfang (talk) 23:48, 21 October 2023 (UTC)

Is "to go belly up" really a dead metaphor?
"To go belly up" (used for example to describe businesses which go bankrupt) immediately conjures in my mind the image of a dead fish, floating belly up. Is this not how most people picture it, and if so, wouldn't this metaphor be very much alive? The andf (talk) 15:57, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

mondegreens
Maybe something on homophones? I have in mind tow the line (for toe, i.e. to stand in formation) and straightjacket and straight-laced (for strait, an archaic word for narrow or tight). —Tamfang (talk) 00:00, 22 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dead metaphor


text:
Talk:Saint Sarah

Removing Reference 3
Ok so I treied to dig up any information I could here in India. As far as I can tell, there is a pretty good chance that this in fact the Indian Goddess Kali. There are one too many coincidences IMO to be accepted. Plus the article citied is clearly not of an academic work, nor does it support current findings via genetic testing. Therefore the sentence and the reference goes. "However, the Identification of Sarah with Kali has also been criticized as a stretch as has been the identification of Isha Krishna "Jesus Christ" with "Lord Krishna".[3]"

Inconsistent
Reference No 3 is totally biased if not inaccurate. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_%28people%29 - Roma confirmed as originating from the Indian Sub-continent Via Genetic testing. Furthermore, there can be considered given this fact that there is a close correlation between the Indian Kali and Kali - Sara. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.95.26.30 (talk) 16:06, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

--Kalitara10 (talk) 09:42, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

The last changes to these pages are cut and paste theft from http://frenchpropertydigest.com/july2001/leisure-4.html and how do I change them back? -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by SarahSmiles (talk • contribs)

Don't for get Tony Gatlaf's Latcho Drom movie., if that's how you spell it. -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.50.99.105 (talk • contribs) Is the plural of Mary really Maries? -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.171.5.116 (talk • contribs)

Yes genetic testing is irrefutable proof of the Roma originating from India but you only have to go to Rajahstan and if you are of Roma descent you dont need a scientist to tell you. visit some of the smaller villages in the Thar desert and it is there in every face, even some customs and costumes prevail in Eastern Europe and you feel it as do they. (kalitara10)

Durga with a black face?
Durga is not usually represented with a black face as the article says - she is always portrayed as very fair-skinned. I think the person being quoted meant Kali...--Grammatical error 05:51, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

What about Sarasvati
Sarasvati which has her name from Sanskrit Sar meaning 'run, flow' & Saras meaning 'pond, pool'. It would definetely give posiblitiy that Saint Sara amongst the Catholics has a root from Hindu descending Roma converting to Christianity.

Sarasvati also has a connection with the Paramara Rajput clan. Rajputs are also believed to be a possible Indian source of the Roma prior to leaving shortly after 1000ad. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.34.227.166 (talk) 22:28, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Conflation
Sara was the name of the (Egyptian) servant of the Maries, who had tarvelled with them from Palestine. The girl from the shore who taunted the saints on their arrival was converted and on baptism took the name of Sara, to indicate that she was worthy only to serve the saints, not to live alongside them. Over time the two Saras became conflated into the one saintly figure. --HenriLobineau 11:07, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

It wasn't Palestine then, Palestine was part of the Rom Province of Syria-Palistria, The biblical accounts happened in Judah/Judea which then became Roman Iudea. --Tomtom9041 17:34, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Feast Day of Saint Sarah
Having read in the second paragraph of the article that "Saint Sarah's feast day is 19th August", and not having previously heard of her, I searched for "Saint Sarah" in the online Catholic Encyclopedia, http://www.newadvent.org, and came up with nothing. I then went to www.catholic.org/saints/f_day/, which lists the feast days of all saints, major and minor, and which lists 33 saints as having an August 19th feast day. But Sarah is not among them. I then checked the rest of August and found no feast day for Saint Sarah. Next, I checked the "Calendar of Saints" article on Wikipedia itself and followed on to the "List of Saints" (also on Wikipedia). This lists saints by Anglican, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches. There is a St. Sarah the Martyr, who died in about 304 CE in Antioch, but she is clearly not the Saint Sarah of this article. The list shows no other Sarahs. From this research, I have to conclude that the article in question is suspect at least as to the feast day, and perhaps as to the canonization or other recognition of this Sarah as a saint. FAMiniter 03:46, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

I haven't been able to find any official listing of her feast date whatsoever, although I have found other references to her being a Roma saint, specifically referring to Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, which must be the same Sarah. Many of these sites specifically recognise that she was not formally made a saint by the Catholic Church, which means she is really only recognised as a saint by the gipsies. The August 19 feast date is of a different Sarah, specifically the wife of Abraham (vide: http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saints1k.htm). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.231.155.251 (talk) 03:20, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

"St. Sarah" is actually a fictional saint, made up by the Romany people. They emigrated to Europe from India, & took along their traditional beliefs in a god & goddess. The goddess whom they worshipped were Saraswati & Kali, & since they were moving around in a Christian continent, they downgraded her to a saint, which they had made up.--Splashen (talk) 18:47, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

Wrong Sara
19 August is the feast day of Sara the Wife of the Patriarch Abraham. http://saints.sqpn.com/saints1k.htm Wfgh66 (talk) 10:12, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Links unrelated to this Sarah:

 * 1) http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintm73.htm
 * 2) http://www.copticchurch.net/synaxarium/8_25.html
 * 3) http://www.stathanasius.miss.on.coptorthodox.ca/Saints_Stories/St_Sarah_Nun.htm

Str1977 (talk) 18:35, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

Muslim Roma
How was Sara e Kali venerated by Roma in Muslim countries?--Splashen (talk) 17:04, 15 May 2015 (UTC)

Genetics
Is the mitochondrial haplotype of Saint Sarah yet known or published?

Name Change For Article
I think that the article should be changed from Saint Sarah to "Sara e Kali." Since we actually know tht no such person as a 'St. Sarah' ever existed in the Canon of Saints, and that Sara e Kali is actually the name of the goddess whom the Romanies worshipped, from their early days as Hindus, I think it would be far more accurate to call the article Sara e Kali.--Splashen (talk) 01:30, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

Was saint sarahs family Rich
Just out of interest 2A02:C7E:32F6:9D00:C9F0:1A53:F778:A46C (talk) 17:51, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

 * "St. Sarah" actually never even existed. This is actually a Romany goddess under the guise of a Christian saint, in order for the Romany to continue to be able worship her and avoided persecution in Christian Europe. Splashen (talk) 20:33, 28 January 2023 (UTC)

Was she brave
Was she brave 212.129.81.233 (talk) 17:35, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

So, about who venerates her...
Well, she's not an actual saint, as in canonized, or recognized as such by any church. She's a Romani icon, for sure, but Well, she's not an actual saint, as in canonized, or recognized as such by any church. She's a Romani icon, for sure, but they've yet to build a Christian denomination. As some people clearly pointed out in other threads here, she's basically a differently dressed Kali, the Hindu goddess. Can we stop saying the the Catholic Church venerates her as a Saint? Darth2207Lucas (talk) 02:27, 15 June 2023 (UTC)
 * What does canonization have to do with Christian saints? Several of them are just folk saints. Dimadick (talk) 22:19, 15 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saint Sarah


text:
Kevin Appier

Robert Kevin Appier (born December 6, 1967) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), primarily for the Kansas City Royals.

Appier's solid pitching during his first full season in the majors earned him several rookie accolades in 1990. His fastball, tight slider and nasty forkball contributed to impressive pitching statistics, distinguishing himself as one of the American League's top right-handed starting pitchers throughout much of the 1990s. Appier enjoyed the most success with the Royals in the early to mid-1990s as one of the league's earned run average leaders, a Cy Young Award contender in 1993 and culminating in 1995 with a selection to the American League All-Star team. He was a starting pitcher on the World Series champion Anaheim Angels in, before retiring four seasons later.

Kansas City Royals
Appier had a strong rookie campaign for the Kansas City Royals in 1990, going 12-8 and posting the league's fourth-best ERA (2.76), thus earning him Rookie Pitcher of the Year honors. In 1991, he had 13 wins (tied for the team best), and pitched 3 shutouts, two of which were back to back against the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees. He was the Opening Day starter in 1992 and posted a 15–8 record with the league's second-best ERA (2.46) for a team that only went 72–90. Highlights of the season included a career-high nine-game winning streak and the American League Pitcher of the Month award for July, in which he went 4–0 with a 1.55 ERA. In 1993, Appier posted an 18–8 record with an AL leading 2.56 ERA, set a club record of 33 consecutive scoreless innings, and finished third in Cy Young Award balloting. In 1995, he was selected for his only All-Star team, pitching 2 perfect innings for the American League. He reached a career high in strikeouts in 1996 with 207, and won his first of two Roberto Clemente Awards (the other in 1998). Appier suffered through his first sub-.500 season in 1997, despite posting a 3.40 ERA (7th best in AL)

Despite being one of the better pitchers in baseball during this time period, his accomplishments went largely unnoticed due to playing for the Royals, a small market team that was generally not in contention during Appier's tenure. In 1997, under the promise of the team's improvement, he signed a long-term extension. During that offseason, he suffered a fall at his home resulting in a separated clavicle. Though he recovered from that injury, in March 1998 he needed surgery for an unrelated long-term progressing shoulder ailment, the repair of a torn labrum, causing him to miss nearly the entire 1998 season. In 1999, after losing faith in the direction of the Royals organization and eager to play with a contender, Appier requested to be traded.

Oakland Athletics
In the middle of the 1999 season, Appier was dealt to the Oakland Athletics for three pitchers, Jeff D'Amico, Brad Rigby and Blake Stein. As the Athletics made their surprising run winning the AL West title in 2000, Appier provided a solid veteran arm in support of Oakland's developing young starters, making his eight Opening Day start and winning 15 games for the fifth time in his career. Despite a good showing, he lost his only start in that year's ALDS when the Athletics were shut out. In Game 5, after the Yankees scored 6 runs in the first inning, Appier (for the first time in 10 years) came in to relieve in the 2nd inning, pitching four innings and allowing one run. For the series, Appier posted a 3.48 ERA with 13 strikeouts in 10.1 innings pitched.

New York Mets
A free agent after the season, Appier signed a four-year, $42 million contract with the New York Mets, with which he tied for the team lead in wins, going 11–10 with a 3.57 ERA and went undefeated in his final 12 appearances, going 6-0 during that span. Making a playoff push, the Mets went 6–0 in his final six starts with Appier going 4–0 with a 1.87 ERA.

Anaheim Angels
After the one season campaign in New York, Appier was traded to the Anaheim Angels for Mo Vaughn. During a solid season with the World Series winning Angels in 2002, Appier went 14–12 with a 3.92 ERA. In Game 2 of the ALDS, Appier went 5 innings, giving up 3 runs, and left the game leading 4–3, but received a no-decision in an Angels victory after a blown save by Francisco Rodríguez. In Game One of the ALCS, Appier went 5 innings in a 2–1 loss against the Minnesota Twins. He also started Game 5, going $5 1/3$ innings and leaving with the Angels leading 3–2 in the game that sent Anaheim to the World Series, though he once again did not receive the decision. He finished the ALCS with a 3.48 ERA. Starting Game 2 of the World Series, Appier did not factor into the decision after allowing 5 runs in two innings, as the Angels went on to win the game 11–10. With the Angels facing elimination, Appier started Game 6, pitching four innings of shutout ball before yielding a two-run home run in the fifth inning, and leaving with a man on base who eventually scored via stolen base and wild pitch off Francisco Rodriguez, leaving him with an 11.37 ERA for the Series, which the Angels won in seven games.

Return to Kansas City
In 2003, Appier was plagued with a previously undiagnosed flexor tendon injury and was eventually released at the end of July. He signed with the Royals, but after five starts needed surgery. After missing most of 2004, Appier briefly retired, but came out of retirement and re-signed with the Royals to a minor-league contract before the 2005 season, failing to make the team in Spring training and retiring on March 29.

In 2011, Appier was inducted into the Kansas City Royals Hall of Fame. During his 13 seasons with Kansas City, he accumulated an overall record of 115–92 with an ERA of 3.49 over the course of 287 games.

Seattle Mariners
In October 2005, Appier applied for reinstatement with Major League Baseball and signed a minor-league contract with the Seattle Mariners. During 10 games with the AAA Tacoma Rainiers, Appier was 1–2 with a 4.54 ERA. On June 3, 2006, Appier asked for and was granted his release by the Mariners, officially retiring the next month.

title: Kevin Appier


text: User talk:64.230.134.205

title: User talk:64.230.134.205


text:
Saturn, Romania

Saturn is a summer resort on the Romanian seacoast, on the Black Sea, 1 km north of Mangalia.

Features and Climate
Completed in 1972, the resort has two major beaches: Adras beach, located in the northern part of the resort, closer to Venus, and Diana beach in the south, located near the town of Mangalia. The climate in the area of Comorova is warmer compared to other seaside resorts such as Mamaia, Eforie or Costinești. This is because the Comorova resorts are located in the southernmost area, but also because of the reduce of Comorova forest which cooled the area. In winter, aside from several guards and maintenance staff, the resort is deserted.

title: Saturn, Romania


text:
Pullip

Pullip (푸리프) is a fashion doll created by Cheonsang Cheonha of South Korea in 2003. Pullip has a jointed plastic body (1:6 scale) and a relatively oversized head (1:3 scale), with eyes that can move from side to side and eyelids that can blink. Pullip was first marketed by Jun Planning out of Japan; but the company underwent management changes in early 2009 and, since then, has operated out of South Korea under the name Groove. Since the release of the original female doll, other companion dolls have been added: male dolls Namu (나무, tree) (Namu is not on the market anymore) and Taeyang (태양, sun); Taeyang's younger sister, Dal (달, moon); Dal's best friend, Byul (별, star); and Pullip's younger brother, Isul (이슬, dew). In February 2013, a new member of the Pullip family was introduced, called Yeolume (열매, berry/fruit), who is Pullip's future daughter. There is also a miniature line called Little Pullip, with 1:12 scale bodies and 1:6 scale heads. Pullip and her counterpart dolls are often customized by collectors, with the most common customizations including wig changes, eye color changes and rebodying.

Design
Pullip dolls have a unique eye movement mechanism that allows their eyes to move from side to side and their eyelids to blink, all via levers on the back of the head. Pullips released after January 2008 can not only blink but also keep their eyes closed via these levers. Pullip has an articulated body and can be easily customized. Standing at 12 inches tall, Pullip's body is about 9 inches tall and is on the 1:6 scale, while her oversized head is about 3 inches tall and on the 1:3 scale. With a 1:6 scale body, Pullip is approximately the size of many popular playscale fashion dolls, such as Barbie and Jenny. Pullip can sometimes wear playscale doll clothing and shoes. However, the 1:3 scale of her relatively oversized head is approximately the same size as many larger or SD-sized ball-jointed doll heads.

Body types
Pullip's highly articulated stock body has gone through several changes over the years. Early Pullips—the first 10 releases from July to December 2003—had what is called the Type 1 body, which was a Marmit-style action figure body with visible screws. The first three Pullip releases (Wind/Debut, Street, and Moon) have necks that can snap easily under the weight of the oversized Pullip head, but this fragile neck problem was corrected with later releases. Another common problem with the Type 1 body is vertical splitting between the two halves of the legs. All Pullips released on the Type 1 body have rooted hair.

Starting in January 2004 with the release of Pullip Venus, a new stock body was introduced. The Type 2 body had a soft torso, no visible screws, and joints that could be pulled apart. This body had more realistic proportions and, to date, is the most posable, flexible, and articulated Pullip stock body ever released. The primary disadvantage of this body is that the soft plastic torso causes chemical melt on the hard plastic limbs and pieces that remain in contact with it, including the hip joint/lower torso piece and the ball joints of the shoulders. If measures are not actively taken to prevent it, the soft torso can also cause a ring of chemical melt around the neck hole in Pullip's head. Although chemical melt is the most widely recognized problem with the Type 2 body, it is not known whether environmental conditions (heat, humidity) exacerbate the melt. Other common problems with the Type 2 body are that limbs can fall off or pull apart too easily and that the soft torso can pop out of the hip joint. Only the first three Pullips released on a Type 2 body (Venus, Savon, and Nomado) have rooted hair; all subsequent releases, starting with Arietta in March 2004, have glued-on wigs, which can be removed and changed if desired.

With the dual release of Lan Ake and Lan Ai in August 2005, the next stock body, the Type 3, was introduced. Relative to the Type 2 body, the Type 3 had less articulation; a smaller, more juvenile sculpt; and hinged wrist and ankle joints. While sturdier than its predecessors, the Type 3 was the least posable stock body and remains so even today. Many Pullip collectors expressed displeasure with the Type 3 body, especially after having grown accustomed to the superior aesthetics and possibility of the Type 2. The most common problem with the Type 3 body is wrist cracking, which was prevalent with the Pullips released after January 2007, starting with Stica. Additionally, the leg and knee joints on the Type 3 body often make a creaking noise when bent.

In January 2009 with the release of Neo Noir, another Pullip stock body was introduced: the Type 4, which is still in production today. This body is more posable than the Type 3 and uses peg-and-hole joints to prevent the wrist cracking that occurred with the Type 3 body. Common problems with the Type 4 body are stiff, creaky joints; knees that can bend backwards; and loose-fitting pegs at the wrist and knee, causing limbs to easily slip apart. The vertical leg split that occurred with Type 1 bodies can also sometimes occur at the knees of the Type 4 body.

Releases
New editions of Pullip dolls are released on a monthly basis. Additional limited-release exclusives are sold occasionally. Each doll has a unique name with distinct face makeup (called a "faceup"), hair, outfit, accessories, collector's card, doll stand and box. (Some of the earliest Pullips did not come with a collector's card or a doll stand.)

Between 2003 and 2014, there have been over 220 Pullip doll releases. The regular monthly releases of Pullip are limited in that only a certain amount are produced; this number is known only by the manufacturer.

Occasionally, a limited-edition, exclusive Pullip will be made in a quantity between 300 and 2000 and will be sold in addition to the regular monthly release. In early 2006, with the release of limited-edition Fall Purezza, Jun Planning announced that it would no longer produce exclusive Pullips because their sales cannibalized the demand for the regular monthly releases. However, the company apparently changed their mind in early 2007 with the release of the first US store exclusive, Haute LA, by HauteDoll, which was later followed by multiple Japan exclusives. Some stores that have had these exclusive Pullips are Toys-R-Us Japan, who sold Vivien in November 2004; Magma Heritage, in Singapore, who sold Bianca, Oren and Mitzi in 2004; HauteDoll, in Los Angeles and New York, who sold Haute LA and Haute NY in 2007; TBS shop, in Japan, who sold Kirakishou in September 2007 as well as a limited version of Sparrow and (new) Shinku in March 2014; and pullip.net, in South Korea. Until September 2007, the limited-release exclusive dolls came with a certificate showing their production number; however, as of 2014, certificates are included only sporadically with the exclusives/limited-edition dolls.

Prior to 2006, Jun Planning released some editions that bore close resemblance to popular characters and celebrities but are not officially licensed. Fantastic Alice is similar to Disney's rendition of Alice in Wonderland. Rida bears resemblance to Nana. The "Happy Birthday #2" set includes a Native American Pullip named Sacagawea and Namu named Geronimo.

In anticipation of the 5th anniversary of Pullip in 2008, five dolls were released as part of the "Another Alice" limited-edition series, including Another Alice, Another Queen, Another King (Taeyang), Another Rabbit (Dal), and Another Clock Rabbit (Dal). Only 500 of each of these dolls were produced. This series was inspired by Alice in Wonderland. Their original release date was postponed in order to include the updated eye-closing feature on Taeyang Another King, and the series ended up being released in August 2007. Collectors who ordered the complete set received a bonus flamingo figurine.

Collaborations and licensed releases
In 2006, Jun Planning began releasing licensed Pullips based on the characters from the anime/manga Rozen Maiden series. With the exception of the final Rozen Maiden Pullip, Kirakishou (which was an exclusive to TBS/Japan), the Rozen Maiden dolls were not limited editions.

Since 2007, several Pullip dolls have been released through fashion and design-based collaborations, such as with designer H. Naoto; clothing brand SunaUna; Lolita fashion houses Angelic Pretty and Baby, The Stars Shine Bright; and doll customizers Kanihoru, Mitsubachi@BabyBee, Silver Butterfly, Sheryl Designs and PoisonGirl.

Several other Pullip dolls have been released through commercial collaborations to portray well-known fictional characters, including Hello Kitty and My Melody from Sanrio; Rei Ayanami and Asuka Langley Soryu from Neon Genesis Evangelion; Grell, Sebastian and Ciel from Black Butler; Angelique Limoges, Rayne, and Erenfried from Neo Angelique Abyss; Peter Pan, Captain Hook, Tinkerbell and Tiger Lily from Disney's Peter Pan film; and Dumbo and Pinocchio from their eponymous Disney films. Three Pullips have been based on characters in Audrey Hepburn films, including Holly, from Breakfast at Tiffany's; Princess Ann, from the film Roman Holiday; and Sabrina, from the film Sabrina. Several Pullips released from 2011–2014 were based on Vocaloid characters.

The majority of these collaborations have not been exclusive or limited-edition dolls, but they do have higher MSRPs than conventional releases because of licensing costs.

Namu
Namu was the first male counterpart to Pullip and his character was introduced as her boyfriend. Namu was 34 cm tall and had an oversized head (1:3 scale, like Pullip) and an articulated body. Also like Pullip, Namu's eyes can be moved from side to side and his eyelids can blink via levers on the back of the head. He can be customized similar to Pullip dolls. Clothing for Namu can be exchanged with many 1:6 action figures and dolls, including the modern Ken doll.

There were seven versions of Namu released between 2004 and 2005. The first Namu, called Vispo, had rooted hair, similar to the early Pullips; however, all subsequent Namu releases had glued-on wigs. Jun Planning retired Namu in 2005 under the story that he and Pullip had "broken up." The final Namu, released in May 2005, was "Happy Birthday Namu #2," also called Geronimo and came in a set together with Pullip Sacagawea. In 2006, a new male doll called Taeyang replaced Namu.

Taeyang
Taeyang was introduced in February 2006 as Pullip's new boyfriend, replacing Namu. The first Taeyang released was named MJ and was intended as a counterpart to Pullip Rida. Taeyang's body is the same as his predecessor, Namu, but his face and head sculpt are different, with a wider jaw and blunter chin. Like Pullip, Taeyang has eyes that move from side to side, and eyelids that can blink and close, via levers on the back of his head. Starting with Taeyang Hash in August 2007, Taeyang's eyelids could remain closed via these levers. Taeyang can be customized, just like Pullip can, with the ability to change his hair, eyes, faceup, and body. He stands 36 cm tall and can exchange clothes with many 1:6 action figures and dolls, including the modern Ken doll. Taeyang is released on a bi-monthly basis by Jun Planning.

Since 2006, Jun Planning has released six to seven versions of Taeyang each year, with more than 50 different releases in total. Some of the Taeyang dolls bear close resemblance to popular characters and celebrities. Taeyang Edward Scissorhands is licensed from Tim Burton's eponymous character. Taeyang Shade bears close resemblance to Sherlock Holmes. Taeyang Another King was inspired by the King of Hearts from the Alice in Wonderland story.

Dal
Dal was introduced in October 2006, with the first three versions–Drta, Fiori and Monomono–released concurrently. Dal is profiled as Taeyang's 13-year-old sister, who considers Pullip to be her rival in terms of fashion and style. Just as Pullip is approximately the size of 1:6 scale fashion dolls like Barbie and Jenny, Dal is similar in size to "little sister"-type dolls such as Skipper and Licca. Dal is 26.3 cm in height and, when standing next to Pullip, comes up to her shoulder.

Dal's body articulation is similar to Pullip's. Her eyes move from side to side, but they do not close. Dals can be customized, just like Pullips and Taeyangs. Jun Planning announced in the beginning of 2008 that a new Dal would be released every month. Since then, the manufacturer has occasionally skipped a few months between releases; however, to date, there have been more than 75 Dals released in total.

Byul
Byul was introduced in December 2008, with the first version named Eris. Byul shares the Dal body type but has a different face sculpt. She is profiled as Dal's 13-year-old best friend who has secretly lost her heart to Isul, Pullip's little brother. Just like Dals, Byuls cannot close their eyes, and their height is 26.3 cm. A new Byul is released approximately every two to five months. Since 2008, there have been more than 25 Byul releases.

Isul
Isul is Pullip's 15-year-old brother and was first released in February 2011. The debut Isul was named Apollo and was part of the Steampunk series of Pullip dolls. Like Pullip, Isul has eyes that can move from side to side and eyelids that can blink and close via levers on the back of the head. Isul is profiled as a high school student in San Francisco who likes to play soccer. As a prodigy, he is a fan of reading university literature. In personality, he is said to be very calm, tender and helpful. Isul is 29.5 cm tall. Isul is released approximately once per month, but the Groove sometimes skips a month or two between releases. Since 2011, there have been more than 30 Isul releases.

Yeolume
Released in February 2013, Yeolume is Pullip's future daughter and the newest addition to the Pullip line of dolls. Yeolume is 26 cm tall, and the first release, named Podo, wears a school uniform with a pink and blue bow. According to her biography on the official Pullip website, Yeolume is 10 years old and is an elementary school student.

Yeolume is approximately the same size as Dal and, like Dal and Byul, her eyes moves from side to side but cannot close. However, unlike Dal and Byul, the design of Yeloume's body is very different: she has minimal articulation points, and her body somewhat resembles a Little Pullip (though larger in size) or a Blythe doll. However, Yeolume's arms and legs do bend and she can be posed to a certain extent. Like the other dolls in the Pullip line, Yeolume is customizable and her body can easily be swapped for a sturdier, more flexible body (e.g., a Pure Neemo or Obitsu body).

Little Pullip
Little Pullip is a miniature version of Pullip, with a 1:12 scale body and a 1:6 scale head. Often called a "mini," these little versions stand about 4.5 inches tall. Little Pullips lack articulated elbows or knee joints, their shoes are painted on, and their eyes do not move or blink. Despite their small size and limited articulation points, they are still somewhat customizable: they can be given new wigs, bodies, eye colors, and makeup.

Several editions of Little Pullip are miniature replica of full-sized Pullip dolls with similar name, clothes, hair, and makeup, such as Principessa, Cornice, and Mir. The Little Pullips who happen to not be modeled after a full-sized doll are unique to the Little Pullip line, such as Riletto, Aloalo, and Miss Green. The only Pullip doll that was first released as a Little Pullip and later released as a larger, full-sized doll was Pullip Froggy. There have been themed releases for the Little Pullip line that are distinct and completely separate from the full-sized releases, including the Western astrological signs and the Bremen Town Musicians.

Little Pullips were first introduced in January 2005 with the release of Moon, a miniature replica of the full-sized Pullip doll of the same name. Production of Little Pullips stopped in March 2007 but resumed in October 2009 under the name Little Pullip +. The primary difference between the original line and the Plus line is that the latter dolls have a ball-jointed head that can swivel and tilt to different angles, allowing for more expressiveness than the original Little Pullip head, which could only turn from side to side along a single axis.

There are also Little Taeyangs, Little Dals and Little Byuls that are part of the Little Pullip line. The Docolla line (a portmanteau of "doll" + "collaboration") was released as an extension of the Little Pullip + line, beginning in July 2011 with the release of miniature Pullip Grell from Black Butler.

Pullip Costume
Pullip Costume/Fashion are clothes and accessories sold by Jun Planning for Pullip dolls. This includes complete costumes, articles of clothing, and accessories. Pullip Costume items are released sporadically.

Petit Luxury
Petit Luxury are display furniture for Pullip released by Jun Planning of Japan, starting in January 2008. This includes classic French armchairs and other pieces in resin.

Magazine
In July 2005, Jun Planning authorized "Pullip Magazine," a book that is 88 pages long and written in Japanese. The magazine book includes the full catalog of each Pullip released up to that point, concepts, interviews with the designers, collaborations with popular clothing lines, guides on customizing Pullips, and outfit patterns of brand-name fashion designs.

In August 2010 a second book, entitled "Pullip Complete Style" and again printed in Japanese, became available to purchase on its own and as part of a special box set with limited-edition Pullip Bonita. This book is 133 pages and features photographs of all the Pullip releases from 2003 to autumn 2010.

Customizing
Like the more expensive ball-jointed dolls, Pullips are easily customizable. Pullips released prior to March 2004 had rooted hair, but their scalp pieces can be swapped with each other. Beginning in March 2004, all dolls in the Pullip line–starting with Pullip Arietta and Namu Trunk–were released with removable wigs, thus allowing their hair to be changed more easily.

Pullip and her companions can be given new bodies in a process called rebodying. Popular rebodying options include 1:6 scale bodies made by companies such as Obitsu, Volks, and Pure Neemo. Some collectors prefer to rebody with 1:6 scale action figure bodies or with playline doll bodies, such from Barbie or Liv dolls.

All dolls in the Pullip line have heads and eye mechanisms that can be taken apart with a screwdriver. Customization changes range from minor, such as new wigs or eye colors, to major, including new faceups and fully custom dolls with completely new designs. More intensive customization can include resculpting the face or body, piercings and body jewelry (which can be done either with glue on the surface of the doll or with a small drill to make a permanent hole), and painted or carved tattoos.

Controversy
The Pullip release originally scheduled for July 2005 was called Beressa, a "lady spy," who came with a black uniform and cap with gold braids and red details, including a red arm band and a pistol. Although no swastikas were visible on the doll or in photographs, the resemblance of the uniform and gun design bore a close resemblance to German SS officer uniforms. Jun Planning announced the cancellation of Beressa out of respect for the 60th anniversary of the Holocaust. Lan Ake, the Pullip that was created to replace Beressa, was delayed by a month; consequently, Jun Planning ended up not releasing a Pullip during July 2005 and instead released Lan Ake and Lan Ai together in August 2005.

title: Pullip


text:
Talk:Kawachiya Kikusuimaru

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title: Talk:Kawachiya Kikusuimaru


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kaseidramon/Old

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Note: Whoever carried out the decision did not close this discussion thread. Rossami (talk) 02:57, 23 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Kaseidramon
An unreleased digimon character. There are enough articles on the ones which made it to market... Denni ☯ 02:28, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)
 * Delete: Fancruft --Szyslak 02:51, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree, it's fancruft.  --Randy 03:02, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. If only these users could devote their efforts to other topics which could use explanations this detailed. [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 03:31, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * In light of the evidence that this thing doesn't even exist, I'm changing my vote from delete to mega-extreme überdelete. [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 23:26, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Fancruft. And anyone who uses Pokemon as a rationale for keeping this is getting smacked with an e-two by four. -R. fiend 07:22, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This one doesn't even exist. [[User:Xezbeth| Xezbeth ]] 08:10, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep . Of interest to some, negligible cost to keep, written in an interesting manner with high level of detail. Plenty of other pok digimon articles set a precedent. At the very least should be redirected to stop people wasting their time recreating it, since there's no indication this kind of thing is unacceptable. Kappa 13:45, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep only if verified, REDIRECT without merge if not Kappa 15:44, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete it. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 15:33, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'd vote in favour of third-party articles on any human ever alive before I'd agree to an unreleased Digimon character. These are not of any significance at all separate from Digimon (and the same applies to Pokemon). Seriously, this sort of thing is what I've seen people hold up when they want to disparage Wikipedia - "why would you trust that, they have longer articles on pokemon characters than they do on Nobel Prize winners" Average Earthman 16:18, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * An encyclopedia which accepts or rejects articles for the sake of its image isn't one I would trust, or wish to support. Also currently, blinding trusting wikipedia on anything would be unwise; this may change if a system of marking verified information is developed. Kappa 20:54, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. : I think that some would find this compelling; perhaps fans would like a glimpse into an unreleased character and a bit into an unreleased movie. I think it should stay. --Akira Ifukube fan 19:31, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC) Note: User's first edit was to this page
 * Keep this. When it comes to the Digimon articles, it's very well done. We don't need to be restricting information, even if the subject is an obscure character. If we have it, there is a wider spectrum of info available. --Fredrick conner 20:28, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC) Note: User's first edit was to this page
 * Remove votes from accounts created for VfD --Improv 21:57, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Wyss 20:59, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Forgetting the obscurity for a minute, can someone verify if this thing even exists? The only mention of it I can find, other than wikipedia mirrors is on cheat websites, and they all mirror each other. [[User:Xezbeth| Xezbeth ]] 20:59, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * We are not the first to question its existence.  [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 23:26, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. I don't like Digimon articles, but at least the currently listed ones exist. Unless it can be proven this one exists as well, I vote delete. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 21:49, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, not because of notability issues, but because I just don't really believe it. Here we have a Digimon who would shoot people with shotguns and almost raped a female Digimon? I don't know much about Digimon, but it's basically like Pokemon, right? Well, I can't imagine a Pokemon character doing such things. Everyking 23:16, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, because as a longtime digimon fan, I've never heard of such a thing. That said, Digimon is a LOT darker then Pokemon, and if they can kill off a minor character per episode in certain story arcs and air a genocide, they can have a rape.  birdboy2000 00:07, 12 Dec 2004(EST)
 * MERGE and REDIRECT into a List of Digimon 132.205.15.43 00:08, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete for reasons listed above. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:22, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I really really want to keep this one, just because it seems like such a well-written article (well-written meaning that I can understand it, and I don't actually know what a digimon is), but there simply isn't any proof. If an iota of proof appears, keep. - Lifefeed 19:40, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft, and not even real fancruft at that. --Improv 21:57, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. We don't need a page for every pokemon and digimon character, let alone every character that was ever contemplated. Jacob1207 05:41, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. Can we start from here and then delete all of the rest of the digimon rubbish? Cull it all back to a single article. It would be just like having an encyclopaedia. --Bucephalus 11:28, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * An encyclopedia??? You're talking crazy! -R. fiend 03:49, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. —tregoweth 21:05, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Member variable

In object-oriented programming, a member variable (sometimes called a member field) is a variable that is associated with a specific object, and accessible for all its methods (member functions).

In class-based programming languages, these are distinguished into two types: class variables (also called static member variables), where only one copy of the variable is shared with all instances of the class; and instance variables, where each instance of the class has its own independent copy of the variable.

title: Member variable