text:
User talk:Paraphelion

Latter Day Saints
I dunno if you'll see this as do-able, but I think it's only fair per encyclopedic terms, I put this on the talk page: Considering the LDS' widespread and highly public stance on homosexuality, I think it prudent to include something about the implications of those beliefs. Just as the article judiciously states that the law of chastity precludes extramarital sexual relations in LDS youth, it ought to state that condemnation of homosexual youth has in no small way lead to teen suicide, often with a favorable reception by parents.

I feel like the encyclopedia page is less informational and more promotional. I'm pretty sure that I could get up on some stats if you'll be willing to help me navigate the political waters!Triptenator (talk) 05:22, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Welcome!
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 09:59, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
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Cleanup
You're right, it's usually a good idea to have someone else remove the tag. (Perhaps best, by the person, who placed it in the first place.) I'll do some minor edits, and fixes before removing it. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 10:53, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Formatting
Please note the following: Have fun editing. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 11:15, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) You should mention the article title in bold so code: Martyn Bennett instead of Martyn Bennett.
 * 2) Also Grit probably doesn't link to his music, so link to Grit (album) or Grit (single) by using a pipe "|" like this  you can name a link what you want but still link to the correct article.
 * 3) Use the preview button to make sure all formatting works.

Taking stuff off your talk page
As previous discussions can be useful in the future, it's wikipedia policy to not delete talk pages. Instead create a link like User talk:Paraphelion/Archive 1 or something and archive topics by copy/pasting them into the new page. This way your talk page doesn't get cluttered, but it leaves earlier conversation available to be looked up. Hope I've been helpful. :) [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 22:07, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

spam and such
Hey, it turns out that the bot does represent a certain fraction of Wikipedia's server load and Wikipedia bot owners have been in discussion this week with the system administrators to come up with a system that works for everyone. I've personally chosen not to use any bot until some of the server problems can be resolved, as per the informal request. I just thought that maybe you'd like to know about the update that occurred after my comment where I told you there was no delay (I had not received an update from a sys admin in some time). As for multi-licensing, it is not only useful for articles with only one user editing them. It is always useful for any article revision created just by multi-licensors (of which there should be many), but even if there are some by non-multi-licensors, portions of the article can still be useful. This is ok for situations like sharing with WikiTravel where they would not want the entire article anyway, but only a summary or small portions of them for usage in their travel brochures. Nothing needs to be done with any sort of disclaimer. If someone wants to multi-license, it is up to them to do all of the work, relieving the multi-licensor from having to do any work other than grant permission. Essentially you just agree that your personal copyrighted contributions can be used in CC-by-sa projects in addition to GFDL projects. – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)  14:12, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

Redirect question
Hi! Just click on the part at the top of the page that the redirect takes you to, the one that says "redirected from (article)." It'll take you directly to the redirect itself. - Lucky 6.9 20:18, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

amending categories
Hey, I saw that you edited the Martyn Bennett article. What does the change you made do? Thanks --Paraphelion 03:52, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * It's just a matter of sorting Category entries in alphabetical order by surname. Bornintheguz 14:56, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

ethnic sterotypes
Hiya.. I don't really have any strong feelings about that List of ethnic stereotypes article. It's a pretty crappy article, and when I was implementing the VfD vote, there was definitely a majority in favour of deletion. But it was not such a strong one that I felt comfortable calling it consensus and deleting - maybe 60/40 in favour. Anyway, I trust those who wanted to keep and cleanup will do something with it. Meanwhile, I encourage you to have at it and rip out the racial slurs, leaving it as an actual list of ethnic stereotypes.

Given the closeness of the vote, and the number of people voting Keep who said it needed cleaning up, it should probably be relisted in a couple of months if nothing good is done with it. --Stormie 07:12, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)

Anon block
Searching the block log (Special:Log/block) for my username, I find: Hyacinth 22:29, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * 20:32, 5 Jan 2005 Hyacinth blocked "User:155.84.57.253" with an expiry time of (vandalism to List of sexual slurs )

 * I myself was only aware of the existance of the log and had to look it up.
 * As you can see, I did not have the will to "police" the page beyond the above action, and I created the page. Hyacinth 03:15, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Peer review
No, I guess peer review wasn't the right place, and I see from Stormie above that it's not a good time to VfD. Too bad. I don't really see the point of Cleanup, either, since the problem is the page is always going to deteriorate again real fast, even if you do temporarily make it a little "nicer". I sure wouldn't wish on anybody the job of trying to permanently nurse such a misconceived article. Best wishes, Bishonen, tall, blond, attractive, sexy, neutral in international conflicts, depressed, high suicide rate, busy making depressing, confusing, or overly maudlin movies/films, alcoholic, promiscuous, adulterous, just going to have me some tasteless food and tasteless weak beer right now. 23:09, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Other editors
I see that you have also worked with User:155.84.57.253. It appears to me that that user is employing sock puppets in the Votes for deletion/List of ethnic stereotypes 2. See my note on User talk:Christiaan. -Willmcw 11:15, Mar 2, 2005 (UTC)

José Limón
Hi, I've answered on page Talk:José Limón. Regards --Roland2 09:02, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Columbine and all that
Thanks for the note. I'll keep an eye on the RfA. With respect to mediation, that can only happen if both parties are willing, and with Miskin apparently unwilling ("I'll revert this until we get an RfC", possibly paraphrased slightly), I didn't take that any further. As to a ban, I certainly think you (both) were in violation of bits of policy, which could get you banned. Whether it actually will is a different question; I suspect a reminder and possibly parole is more likely, but then I'm not ArbCom, so don't worry too much about what I think :-) Cheers --Pak21 09:19, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Unicode
No, I didn't mess up the Unicode. I converted it. It works, your browser just doesn't support the lanugage. Look at the interwikis for Unicode. K1Bond007 17:14, 16 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks fine to me. K1Bond007 04:16, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Angel Oak
Hi Paraphelion - the diameter dimensions you'd cited were unfortunately inaccurate, I suspect they referred to girth (circumference), not diameter. I've copied across the figures from the Southern Live Oak page, but don't have a figure for the branch diameter - MPF 14:05, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Grenades.jpg
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User:JStevenson123
With the understanding that some editing by some users can be frustrating, may I note that edit summaries like "remove stupid link" tend to reflect poorly on those who make them? Thanks. :)  Radio Kirk   talk to me  16:29, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

2006 Israel-Lebanon crisis
Hello,

Just wanted make a note about your edit summaries. In general, you should always Assume good faith about other editors' intentions. Happy editing,  Tewfik Talk 15:56, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi,
 * Which Hebrew link were you referring to? I would be glad to read it over. Cheers,  Tewfik Talk 08:16, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Got it, and don't worry. Keep up the good work.  Tewfik Talk 08:30, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Referring to your message (10:30, 17 July 2006 Paraphelion (Talk | contribs) m (→Attacks on Israel - wikicode problem - not sure if I caused it, refs section is messed up) on the talk-page for the 2006 Israel-Lebanon crisis-article. That was me messing up the ref-section. I forgot to add the   Rsmelt 11:12, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Hi Paraphelion, please discuss cusuality numbers on the talk page of 2006_Israel-Lebanon_conflict I'm reverting your edit for the resons I put there before removing the casuality figures. If there is a good reason to put them back say so on the talk page and I'll be in favour if there is. Regards IanOfNorwich

Sorry for using your user page rather than it's discussion - mistake on my part. I agree entirely with your comment - "I have written about the 500 Israeli injury figure elsewhere here. I don't think it's fair to have an injury figure for Lebanon and not one for Israel when we have sources for both.--Paraphelion" IanOfNorwich

"Why is it ok to use fatality figures but not the injuries, even when they are from the same article cited?--Paraphelion 16:08, 18 July 2006 (UTC)"

Because, as I said in the talk page; It is clear what we mean when we say that someone is dead but injured could mean shock - in which case I should perhaps be included in the casuality firgures even though I'm a thousand miles away and safe but 'shocked' at the violence. Basically can you be sure that Isreal and Lebanon are counting the same things? I think that someone in Beruit with a few scratches and having witnessed something awfull would not be wisked off hospital and counted, in Haifa they might?

On that basis I think it gives a false impression when people compare the figures. I'm only after the truth. I'm afraid that I'm loosing faith with Wikipedians as the injury figures have been put back in again. I'll not touch them again though unless you agree - an edit war is a waste of time. Please let me know your thoughts, or even better remove the figures.

Hello fellow Charlestonian!
Hi, it's good to know that there are other Wikipedia editors in our fine city. I found you via the spam about the Charlestonwiki that we both received! Nice to meet you :)-- Kungfu Adam ( talk ) 13:23, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

NCIS
Thank you for experimenting with the page NCIS (TV series) on Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: link. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me. — RevRagnarok  Talk Contrib Reverts 18:11, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

re: Greenpoint in early June
Paraphelion,

Just wanted to thank you for restoring my edit ("working class") on Greenpoint, Brooklyn in early June. I didn't have the energy to defend the edit myself, but am firmly convinced of it being right. My proof/backup? I lived there for almost two years and speak Polish at a native-speaker level thanks to my Mother's family bringing me up in the language....The gentrifying/middle-class American aspect of the neighborhood is in large part a very recent phenomenon and constitutes a small (but growing) proportion of the populace in any case.--longlivefolkmusic 01:09, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Hezbollah/BBC passage
Is there a reason for the direct quoting from the BBC article? I haven't seen anything about it on talk, and it seems extremely awkward. Cheers,  Tewfik Talk 05:33, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Very well.  Tewfik Talk 05:41, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Civilian casualties
This source doesn't state a number of civilians - same problem as before.  Tewfik Talk 18:42, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not trying to hide anything. While the title may seem to say that, the article does not. Cheers,  Tewfik Talk 18:52, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That's true, but nowhere in the article does it tie a specific number with a qualification.  Tewfik Talk 18:57, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Again, what does "mostly civilians" translate to. If you want to write mostly civilians, that may be okay, but we cannot attach "civilians" to a number.  Tewfik Talk 19:03, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

The difference is that the Israeli numbers are distinguished. If you'd like to formulate the Lebanese numbers differently, in line with sources, go ahead. A few days ago I had a number in the 280s of Lebanese civilians and we said so outright, but someone removed that citation and the numbers have changed. You can check the diffs and write that at least that # are civilians if you like.  Tewfik Talk 19:14, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Mangled edits for 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict talk page
Aarrrrgh; I was afraid this might happen. I can only tell you that I did not intend to remove any text that was removed in that edit; my only intent was to fold the indented text into the comment above it, as it was screwing up the numbering of that section. Somehow, the database got extremely fucked up, not suprising what with edits coming in every few milliseconds. Hopefully, someone restored the mangled edits. I haven't even looked at that page yet today. ==ILike2BeAnonymous 20:04, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Request for investigation processed
Hello Paraphelion. Please note that your recent request for investigation concerning Werto has been processed. The administrator commented "Werto was indefinitely blocked for blatant vandalism shortly after registration". Thank you. // [ admin ] Pathoschild (talk/map) 04:09, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

2006 Page O Fun
yeah, it was a quick fix, i was going to restore any edits that got messed up. you're welcome to help with that - there are only six or seven. ObsidianOrder 05:52, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Hend-held counter
I'm terribly sorry, but unless you're here, you have no right to criticize what I said about the fleeing Israelis. Of course, you don't see Israeli press as a source so I can't quote any of it. I live in Haifa, and the city is empty. A few days ago, A tent city of 5,000 was erected in the Nitzanim area and filled up within a day. A 7 km queue of cars was waiting at the entrance to Eilat two days ago. All hotels and any sort of rented accomodations Natanya and south are completely full and hundreds of families are hosting families that ran away from the bombarded north, and still there are constant requests on TV and radio to host families that ran away from the north. Unfortunately, AP and Reuters have no report of this so I guess it doesn't count. Only the poor Lebanonis who are so well covered by a manipulative and bias media count, I guess. Shame on you.

Talk page 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
Yes, it was a mistake. Sorry. --Deenoe 12:55, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * After check-up, I honeslty don't think that I erased or screwed up the Talk page. --Deenoe 13:03, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Now that's a serious What-The-F*** right there... The only comment I did is in Iran Comabatant? There's part that have been replace or added on that edit that I did not even touch. And It's really not my way of writing or spelling. This is really confusing... --Deenoe 13:15, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Well... If you look the edit I have supposivly done, that would of been a long preview to check. And What really bothers me is I clicked Edit on the section... not Edit This Page.. And some sections added under that edit REALLY don't look like it's me that put it there.. --Deenoe 13:21, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Following your link, if you go Down down down down... you'll see red markings of apparently stuff I said or changed. Which I didn't say or changed. And I wasn't drunk yesterday. --Deenoe 13:23, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, this is REALLY weird, because the edit log says that I put (on that edit) a part about Counter Battery Fire. I don't even know anything about Counter Battery Fire.. --Deenoe 13:29, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * It's official... I really don't think I made this edit myself. What do you think I should do to clear this out. Contact Admin? --Deenoe 13:30, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I know it has been reverted. The thing is I suspect intrusion into my Wiki account. --Deenoe 13:43, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Well I actually made the picture, thats why I answered. --Deenoe 18:44, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * If we put the two sides in a composite image it just cant be considered as biased. --Deenoe 18:55, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I know that, I'm saying that, IF someone has pictures I could use, they can tell me. --Deenoe 19:01, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Actually I didn't
whine to anyone. Just posting my ideas on the discussion page. While there some kind of war on the neutrality of this article since it was started, it hardly seems encyclopedic yet. Way too much POV, and it has nothing with crocodile tears. Where are you from anyway to express anything? What the hell do you know about the Arab-Israel conflict? In fact, I might say that anyone who hasn't experienced it in some way for himself has no right to even say anything about it. All you get is completely bias media reports and have no first-hand knowledge whatesoever. Stop being a baby. I appreciate your feeble attempts to say anything to me but I really can't understand you. Try to be under terrorist attacks for your entire life and then come up with something to say....

Okay man
Sorry, but sarcasm doesn't translate very well over internet pages. And BTW, I wasn't attacking you personally - I've been trying to help this article be as neutral and informative as possible without starting to erase any single sentence or word that I didn't like. I thought that might work at first, but quickly understood that to hell with it, I'll just put what I think on the discussion page. If anyone finds it important enough, they'll do something about it. Your comment on the discussion page, what was it for? To show me what? That comment, actually, did pass the sarcasm you were trying to pass..... The fact is, I didn't write in anything in the article itself but rather put it up for discussion. Thank you for putting up some quoted information on it (didn't see that you were the one until you noted it). Oh, and even if you don't believe me - I'm from Haifa, Israel, and have spent the last week in Petah-Tikva (central Israel). I know what I see, and tell it like it is. And all I'm trying to do here is keep this article from being transformed into a one-sided pro-arab article as it somehow turns to be every time I look at it and someone has added (or removed) something. Sadly(though this may seem one-sided as well), there is a strong Anti-Israeli/Anti-Jewish (I wouldn't say antisemitic since that would include arabs as well)/pro-Arab media/Internet lobby which constantly uses the media/internet to turn Israel into this terrible, war-mongering, innocent-civilian-murdering country, and they're doing pretty well at it. Again, this may seem one-sided to you, but my opinion (and the general opinion here) is that the Arab world has always used Israel as a dart-board while turning their citizens' minds away from the hardships in their own countries caused by Fundamentalist dictatorships, turning Israel into the "big enemy" which is responsible for all their woes. It's very easy. Find an enemy and keep your citizens blind (and away from revolt). They allow themselves to say anything, lie about everything, and make it look all so terrible. Israel, on the other hand, is a democratic in which the lies will not pass. We cannot flat out manipulate the media to say whatever it is we might want to lie about, to make ourselves seem like the poor victim, because it will not pass in an enlightened democratic country where there is freedom of speech. I can go on like this for hundreds of pages, but I think my point is clear. I apologize for "calling you names" on your talk page and mt harsh initial reactions, but i hope that you understand that we both want the same thing - A good, clean article, which tells the truth, and doesn't look like an opinion column as often as it does.

 * Right now I'm too busy studying for university exams which I might/might not have (due to the situation), but I'll get back to the article later and see if I can find anything I don't like. Thank you for your responses.

Civilian casualties
I mentioned on talk that this was not ideal, however the sources do not tie these numbers with "civilian." If you can find a source that ties a specific number, even an "at least" number, to the "civilian" qualification, then we should by all means include that. I'm not trying to push any POV as has been alluded to, rather we cannot report information which the entirety of the international media could not verify. I again note that in the past there was a number in the 280s that was specifically confirmed; find the dif and include that citation with that number if you like. Otherwise, find another method of reporting the number in line with the articles (something like 355, mostly civilians). The 300 number is also not tied to "civilians." Despite the misleading headline, the article says: the Lebanese death toll passed 300, almost all civilians. It never ties a specific number to civilians. CNN says: At least 266 Lebanese people have been killed, according to Lebanese officials. BBC says: More than 350 Lebanese have been killed in the 11 days of violence, many of them civilians. Instead of trying to force the number issue, let's think of a creative manner of conveying what the consensus is - that around 300 people have been killed in Lebanon, and many or most are civilians. While I don't mind a response on my talk, we are probably better served by discussing on the page's talk. Cheers,  Tewfik Talk 05:24, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

"Targeted"
Hello Paraphelion,

While the source does use that word, they use it imprecisely, and make no claims of information that the ambulances had been specifically targeted. We haven't used "abduct" in relation to the soldiers' capture despite that term's extensive use in the press, and we shouldn't use this, rather use the facts to present NPOV. Let me know what you think,  Tewfik Talk 04:45, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds good.  Tewfik Talk 05:17, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think we need commentary re. the ambulance situation, except perhaps to note that, if deliberate, this violates the laws of war. When the Israelis or anyone else makes a statement, we can add that; until then, let the readers make up their own minds. (I think the photo and the references speak for themselves; Occam's Razor says the Israelis did this deliberately, to demonstrate the sincerity of their position — in the same way that they deliberately targeted UNIFIL. Feel free to disagree here, on my talk page or even on one of the article's several talk pages, but the article itself is no place for such debate.) — JEREMY 07:32, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It would be OR of me to state this in the article, but it seems clear from reading the reports that the ambulances were targeted. The quote is representative: it's not just one reporter using the term. I'm not really happy about applying what would amount to undue weight in this circumstance; if it later turns out Israel hit ten clearly-marked ambulances accidentally, you can be sure the article will say that. — JEREMY 07:47, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, if anyone newsworthy makes any statements about the ambulance strikes we should probably add it (within reason, unless it becomes its own article-worthy issue). — JEREMY 07:56, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Re Excuse me... on 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict Talk page
Sorry, my mistake. Anyway, that entire section has been removed. Every time I add comments to the talk page that the capture/abduction/kidnapping happened in Israel, the comments (or entire section) are removed. Some people seem unable to cope with the truth. Cymruisrael 09:56, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Thanks, I found it and corrected the indentation. Cymruisrael 10:25, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Breaking down casualties?

 * mm, I don't know what are you talking about... :( --TheFEARgod 22:57, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

International reaction
I was wondering if you can look at talk this and provide some advice/resolution. I believe its someone trolling as the edit history/attitude appears a little juvenile, but it also possible that the user Comrade438 thinks I am making a connection between H.R. 921 and AIPAC. It is actually the other way around- AIPAC made a connection with H.R. 291 when it issued the press release. I will also ask on Tewfik's page as you both seem most active in the discussions. Thanks 82.29.227.171 09:16, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I forgot to mention I previously highlighted the problems on wikipedian noticeboard 82.29.227.171 09:25, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

I do care
The POV tag was off the article page, so I took it off the discussion page. Keep your talk calm? That is obvious. I wanted it more user friendly to read. I'm sorry, please don't take away editing. I keep reverting a few of the Cubs pages...because I've seen people purposely vandalize it. I have nothing if I can't use wikipedia I'll have a lot less to od. You don't understand how pathetic I am. So don't take away one of the few things that keep me occupied.--Jerluvsthecubs 10:01, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Incorrect link to ratification
Hello.

That is to the incorrect protocol.

Here is the link to protocol 3: http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/WebSign?ReadForm&id=515&ps=P

Israel is abesent. This is more specific than the other link, and as such, demonstrates that Israel did not sign this, and as such it should be removed. -- Avi 00:52, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Care to comment?
There is a discussion on Roles of non-combatant State and non-State actors in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict talkpage about the inclusion of detail for Israel. I am of the view that Israel should be included but the detail is being continually removed by User:Tewfik.

Tewfik's argument is what he considers the illegality of Hezbollah under UN 1559 as the reason he removed the detail. However, Tewfik has not removed recent requests of arms sales to Israel such as jet fuel and GBU-28's. I believe he is pushing the POV that aid to Israel is only in response to the current crisis or the illegality of Hezbollah under 1559. US aid to Israel is in fact a long standing agreement responsible for the size and makeup of the IDF. Without the aid they would not have a military capable of engaging in conflict. If you can take a look and support my position (was working under 82.29.227.171) that would be great. RandomGalen 11:08, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you, I read your post and we agree on reason for the inclusion of the detail entirely (you just expressed it more succinctly than I have been able). Thanks. RandomGalen 18:44, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Please be civil on Wikipedia
Your comment on Kaustuv's talk page, calling all editors who work on Warcraft articles for hot cock wow assholes is uncalled for and childish. Please respect follow editors on Wikipedia, and get to know WP:CIVIL. Thank you. Havok (T/C/c) 12:26, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Move
I moved the section, expanded the material, and provided citations. The material I removed was a link to a commentary piece whose importance has not been established.  Tewfik Talk 02:52, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I am extremely puzzled as to why you think I am intentionally trying to mislead anyone. I think I explained my actions in both places that you brought this up. Read what I had to say, and if you still feel I did something wrong, let me know.  Tewfik Talk 04:15, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure if you read my answers on the relevant pages, so I'll briefly repeat them: On the section move I don't feel I did anything controversial, and while I didn't explicitly note all my changes and I'll surely make an effort too in the future, I was definitely not hiding anything. Except for removing the Arens quote, I didn't remove anything, but rather rewrote the US military report, which seemed to be the most relevant part, to be more accurate to the source, more encyclopedic in style, and of course to include a full citation. When Will asked me why I did what I did, I explained in full. And if my summary was lacking there, that certainly isn't the case on the "Military" page, where I simply restored the passage that Cerejota deleted due to lack of reference, with a reference. Again, while I will certainly try to be clearer in my edit summaries, I'd like to think that I've always played fair, and I'm sorry that you think I was trying to hide anything.  Tewfik Talk 15:50, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Please remain Civil
Your recent comments on Suspected sock puppets/Morton devonshire are very uncivil please refrain from making such edits. Æon Insane Ward 02:03, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

I just happened to notice it then. You can't call some on an asshole on wikipedia. No matter what tye may or many not have done. Æon Insane Ward 02:10, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Ok but it is still uncivil. I would be careful in the future. Thanks Æon  Insane Ward 02:42, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

A Movement for Reform
From some of your statements it appears that you might be interested in reforming wikipedia, especially as regards administrators. I would reccomend that you look into the newly formed Committee for Change. Hope you join! ShootJar 02:00, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
 * What do you mean by " Even the founder doesn't follow his own policies"? ShootJar 19:35, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Allegations_of_state_terrorism_by_United_States_of_America
RE: Sorry, this strawpoll is closed, please direct your comments to the talk page. Travb (talk) 09:25, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

WP:AGF
I meant it sincerely; I wasn't trying to be a comedian. The title you put on the section (admin hegemony) is inherently an assumption of bad faith. -- Jim Douglas (talk) (contribs)  20:28, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

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April 2008
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October 2008
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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DYK for Martyn Bennett
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Proposed deletion of Zodiaq

The article Zodiaq has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Non-notable brand name, no longer even goes under this brand name: https://www.corianquartz.com/corian-quartz-annoincement . Article is from before the GNG got more strict and various important AfD precedents (c. 2009)."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Psiĥedelisto (talk • contribs) please always ping! 05:39, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paraphelion


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Taman Johor Jaya

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Taman Johor Jaya
Non notable. This article is very detailed, but it gives no notable or specific informations. It has to my view actually no content. It describes a housing estates saying it has a mayor at the top for management. It has many subsections with some rows of shop houses, or rows of streets and back lanes with even some small restaurants, coffee shops, and shops. Some other subsections have some terraced houses... It could be any housing estate anywhere. It goes into a fine grain level of details, but this is like describing my personal street: who is interested but me and my neighbours. I suggest deletion. --Gtabary 09:59, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. It's poorly written, much too detailed, and fails to mention that it's Malaysian. It's also a township home to 16,000 people, unlike your average street. I suggest there are places to discuss such things first, most notably the article talk page, and Cleanup. Just because its written by User:Chan Han Xiang, who seems to be less than cordial from his talk page, doesn't mean the article should be stigmatized. JRM 12:11, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)
 * Comment. For clarification, I am not trying to stigmatize in anyway. I, independently of the author, question the value of the article. For now I believe it could be deleted. But it is the point of vfd: See what others think. If I am wrong : fair enough. :-) --Gtabary 12:26, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It's your opinion, you can't be "wrong". :-) And thanks for clearing it up; I noticed this user has ruffled a few feathers, so I wanted to have clear that that's not what it's about. No harm intended. JRM 12:33, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)

 * Comment I have made a suggestion for improvement on the article's talk page. I agree that it is not good the way it is, but i think it could be condensed into a short informative piece.--MaxMad 12:51, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Given the population, it seems notable enough. There are probably hundreds, if not thousands, of WP articles on smaller places in North America and England. --LeeHunter 13:02, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Non-trivial keep. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:49, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep but needs massive cleanup and condensation. Wyss 20:07, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep and cleanup. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 22:06, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep it and cleanup. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 23:56, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. At it's size, it's pretty much equivalent to a town, and hence probably qualifies as being intrinsically notable under that idea. --Improv 22:05, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. Following the many suggestions on this discussion I rewrote article completely trying to keep the local colour to it, with some mentions about what seams nice spots for people. What do you think ? Gtabary 10:35, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Inspector Lestrade

Detective Inspector G. Lestrade, or Mr. Lestrade ( or ), is a fictional character appearing in several of the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. Lestrade's first appearance was in the first Sherlock Holmes story, the novel A Study in Scarlet, which was published in 1887. The last story in which he appears is the short story "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs", which was first published in 1924 and was included in the final collection of Sherlock Holmes stories by Doyle, The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes.

Lestrade is a determined but conventional Scotland Yard detective who consults Sherlock Holmes on many cases, and is the most prominent police character in the Sherlock Holmes series. Lestrade has been played by many actors in adaptations based on the Sherlock Holmes stories in film, television, and other media.

Appearances in canon
Lestrade is also mentioned in the novel The Sign of the Four (1890), though he doesn't appear in it.

History and personality
Lestrade mentions his "twenty years' experience" in the police force in A Study in Scarlet. In the story, Holmes says Lestrade is "a well-known detective". It is observed by Holmes that Lestrade and another detective, Tobias Gregson, have an ongoing rivalry, and he identifies the two as "the pick of a bad lot. They are both quick and energetic, but conventional – shockingly so." Holmes regularly allows members of the police to take the credit for his deductions, including Lestrade in cases such as those in "The Adventure of the Empty House" and "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder". Lestrade is able to write in shorthand.

Lestrade is initially doubtful about Holmes's methods, and he suggests that Holmes is "too much inclined to be cocksure" in "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder". He is "indifferent and contemptuous" of Holmes's exploration in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery". Holmes is openly rude about Lestrade at times, such as in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery" when he tells Lestrade "demurely" that he is unskilled at handling facts, and refers to Lestrade as an imbecile. In The Sign of the Four, Holmes says that being out of his depth is Lestrade's normal state (along with Inspectors Gregson and Athelney Jones). However, Holmes is generally more positive about Lestrade in later stories. In "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box", Holmes remarks that Lestrade's tenacity "has brought him to the top at Scotland Yard". In The Hound of the Baskervilles, he says that Lestrade is "the best of the professionals" (meaning the professionals employed by Scotland Yard as opposed to himself), and in the same story, Watson observes "from the reverential way in which Lestrade gazed at my companion that he had learned a good deal since the days when they had first worked together."

By the time of the story "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons", Lestrade is a regular evening visitor at 221B Baker Street, and "his visits were welcome to Sherlock Holmes" according to Watson. In the same story, Lestrade reveals the high regard in which Holmes is now held by Scotland Yard: "We're not jealous of you at Scotland Yard. No, sir, we are very proud of you, and if you come down to-morrow, there's not a man, from the oldest inspector to the youngest constable, who wouldn't be glad to shake you by the hand". Holmes thanks Lestrade for this comment, and Watson notes that this is one of the few instances when Holmes is visibly moved. In "The Disappearance of Lady Frances Carfax", Holmes refers to him as "friend Lestrade". Lestrade's involvement in the investigation in "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans" suggests he has become one of Scotland Yard's most trusted detectives.

He was described by H. Paul Jeffers in the following words: He is the most famous detective ever to walk the corridors of Scotland Yard, yet he existed only in the fertile imagination of a writer. He was Inspector Lestrade. We do not know his first name, only his initial: G. Although he appears thirteen times in the immortal adventures of Sherlock Holmes, nothing is known of the life outside the Yard of the detective whom Dr. Watson described unflatteringly as sallow, rat-faced, and dark-eyed and whom Holmes saw as quick and energetic but wholly conventional, lacking in imagination, and normally out of his depth – the best of a bad lot who had reached the top in the CID by bulldog tenacity.

Appearance and age
Inspector Lestrade is described as "a little sallow rat-faced, dark-eyed fellow" in A Study in Scarlet. In "The Boscombe Valley Mystery", Watson describes Lestrade as "a lean, ferret-like man, furtive and sly-looking", and also says, "In spite of the light brown dustcoat and leather-leggings which he wore in deference to his rustic surroundings, I had no difficulty in recognising Lestrade, of Scotland Yard." Watson states that Lestrade is "as wiry, as dapper, and as ferret-like as ever" in "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box". He is described as "a small, wiry bulldog of a man" in The Hound of the Baskervilles, and there is a description of him as having "bulldog features" in "The Adventure of the Second Stain". According to Holmes in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery", Lestrade's tracks can be identified due to the "inward twist" of his left foot.

His age is not given in the stories. Lestrade works with Holmes as early as A Study in Scarlet (which according to Leslie S. Klinger takes place in 1881 ) and continues to do so as late as "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs" (which is set in 1902). According to Klinger, L. S. Holstein used this information to conclude that Lestrade is ten to twelve years older than Holmes. Klinger estimated that Holmes was born in 1854; together with Holstein's theory, this would suggest that Lestrade may have been born between 1842 and 1844.

Name origins and pronunciation
Doyle seems to have acquired Lestrade's name from a fellow student at the University of Edinburgh, Joseph Alexandre Lestrade, who was a Saint Lucian medical student. In "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box", Lestrade's first initial is revealed to be G. This initial may have been inspired by the Prefect of Police known only as "G—" in Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Purloined Letter" (1845). Despite having an apparently French surname (there is a village named Lestrade-et-Thouels in France and "l'estrade" means "the raised platform" in French), Inspector Lestrade shows no overt French ties.

According to Everyman's English Pronouncing Dictionary, the name Lestrade can be pronounced either "Le'strayed" (rhyming with "trade") or "Le'strahd". In The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes, Leslie S. Klinger writes that there is no consensus among scholars on the pronunciation of "Lestrade". The original French pronunciation of the name would have been close to "Le'strahd". However, according to the book The Sherlock Holmes Miscellany by Roger Johnson and Jean Upton (Holmesian scholars and members of The Baker Street Irregulars), Arthur Conan Doyle's daughter Dame Jean Conan Doyle stated that her father pronounced the name with a long a sound (as "Le'strayed").

The pronunciation of Lestrade as "Le'strahd" has been used in multiple adaptations such as the 1939–1946 film series, the 2009 film Sherlock Holmes, and the television series Sherlock (2010–2017). The pronunciation of the name as "Le'strayed" has also been used in multiple canonical adaptations, including the 1931–1937 film series, the Granada television series (1984–1994), and the BBC radio series (1989–1998), as well as in some non-canonical works, including the 2020 film Enola Holmes.

Film

 * Arthur Bell played Lestrade in several short films released in 1921 as part of the Stoll film series. Tom Beaumont played Lestrade in a 1923 short film in the series.
 * Philip Hewland played Lestrade in The Sleeping Cardinal (1931) and The Missing Rembrandt (1932).
 * Alan Mowbray played Lestrade in A Study in Scarlet (1933).
 * Charles Mortimer played Lestrade in The Triumph of Sherlock Holmes (1935).
 * Lestrade was played by John Turnball in Silver Blaze (1937).
 * Dennis Hoey played Lestrade in six of the Sherlock Holmes films in the 1939–1946 series from Universal Pictures starring Basil Rathbone as Holmes. This version had the Yard man as a well-meaning fool patronised by the detective, whose help he greatly appreciated, rather in the manner of that series' version of Doctor Watson (Nigel Bruce). Lestrade is nonetheless a capable officer, and Holmes never questions his honesty or his willingness to solve a case.
 * Frank Finlay played him twice, in A Study in Terror (1965) and Murder by Decree (1979), both focusing on non-canon stories with Holmes investigating the Jack the Ripper murders.
 * Ronald Lacey played Lestrade in the 1983 film The Hound of the Baskervilles, starring Ian Richardson as Holmes. (Lacey would later play the Sholto Brothers in the Granada television production of The Sign of the Four with Jeremy Brett as Holmes.)
 * Roger Ashton-Griffiths played Lestrade in Young Sherlock Holmes (1985); his taking credit for solving the mystery earns him a promotion from Detective to Inspector.
 * Jeffrey Jones played Lestrade in Without a Clue (1988).
 * Eddie Marsan plays him in Guy Ritchie's Warner Bros. adaptation Sherlock Holmes, alongside Robert Downey, Jr. and Jude Law (2009). This incarnation of Lestrade expresses a high level of irritation for Holmes, who in turn regards him with affectionate mockery. Lestrade nevertheless depends on Holmes, calling him to crime scenes and even allowing a fugitive Holmes to escape police custody. He briefly reprised the role in the 2011 sequel Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows.
 * Adeel Akhtar plays him in the 2020 Netflix film Enola Holmes and its 2022 sequel.

Television films

 * Eustace Wyatt played Lestrade in the 1937 television production The Three Garridebs.
 * Lestrade was played by Alan Caillou in The Hound of the Baskervilles (1972).
 * Borislav Brondukov played him in all five television films of the Soviet series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (1979–1986) starring Vasily Livanov.
 * Lestrade was played by Hubert Rees in The Hound of the Baskervilles (1982).
 * Kenway Baker plays Lestrade in the television film Incident at Victoria Falls (1992), He makes a brief appearance in the film.
 * William Huw portrays Lestrade in the 2010 direct-to-DVD Asylum film Sherlock Holmes. In this film, Lestrade does not seem to recognise Watson (Gareth David Lloyd), and often takes credit for Holmes's accomplishments. He becomes involved in the chase of a criminal mastermind dubbed "Spring-Heeled Jack", who uses several mechanical creatures to commit crimes across London.

Television series

 * In the 1951 television series Sherlock Holmes, Lestrade was played by Bill Owen.
 * Archie Duncan played Lestrade in the first American television adaptation of Holmes titled Sherlock Holmes in 1954–55. Much of the series was filmed in France. Duncan portrayed Lestrade in the same fashion as Dennis Hoey in the 1939–1946 films by Universal Pictures.
 * Lestrade was played by two different actors in the 1965–1968 BBC series Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes: Peter Madden opposite Douglas Wilmer as Holmes in the first series in 1965, and William Lucas opposite Peter Cushing as Holmes in the second series in 1968.
 * Patrick Newell played him in the 1980 series Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson made in Poland. This had Geoffrey Whitehead as Holmes and Donald Pickering as Watson.
 * Colin Jeavons played Lestrade in multiple episodes in the 1984–1994 Granada Television adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes stories, starting with "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder" in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. The character was portrayed as a capable, if slightly vain, career policeman with a prickly but ultimately affectionate relationship with Holmes – as evidenced in the dramatisation of the aforementioned "We're proud of you" scene. So familiar did Jeavons become in the part that when he was unavailable for "The Eligible Bachelor", Lestrade was replaced by another of ACD's Yarders, Inspector Montgomery. Lestrade's absence was explained as having gone to the Leamington Baths on vacation, and Holmes fumes that he hopes his wife was with him. This is an embellishment on canon, as Lestrade was never shown to be married or attached. In other episodes, Jeavons was given parts originally belonging to other detectives, such as "The Adventure of the Creeping Man" and extra scenes in "The Master Blackmailer" (their version of "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"). Lestrade was even mentioned off-screen in the scripts, emphasising his close relationship with 221B Baker Street. Jeavons' portrayal is considered the most faithful to the Canon. In Starring Sherlock Holmes David Stuart Davies wrote, "Lestrade was played with great panache throughout the Granada series by Colin Jeavons, who humanised and enhanced Doyle's sketchy portrait of the Inspector."
 * John Colicos is credited as playing "Lestrade/Moriarty" in the 1989 episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents titled "My Dear Watson". Late in the episode, it is revealed that "Lestrade" is actually Moriarty in disguise. The real Lestrade does not appear in person in the episode.
 * In the TV show Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century (1999–2001) one of the main characters was Inspector Beth Lestrade, played by Akiko Morison. She is a descendant who is quite efficient in her own way and has inherited Doctor Watson's diaries.
 * In the 2010–2017 BBC TV series Sherlock, Detective Inspector Greg Lestrade is played by Rupert Graves. In this series set in contemporary London, Lestrade is depicted as a competent detective who uses Sherlock Holmes as a consultant on difficult cases.
 * Sean Pertwee plays Lestrade in the 2013 season two premiere of Elementary, where his first name is given as Gareth. His character recurs later in the season, as well.
 * Mikhail Boyarsky played the role of Inspector Lestrade in the Russian TV adaptation, Sherlock Holmes (2013).
 * In the 2014 NHK puppetry television series Sherlock Holmes, Lestrade is a tall, slender, and earnest blond schoolboy with the atmosphere of mod who lives in Cooper house of Beeton School. He often solves a trouble with Holmes for he is a member of life guidance committee. Though he and Holmes trust each other, Grimesby Roylott, who is in charge of the committee hates Holmes. In some cases, he requests Holmes to solve troubles. He is voiced by Daisuke Kishio. In the episode 6 of the series, he tells Holmes and Watson that his given name is Gordon.

Stage

 * Paul Gill played Inspector Lestrade in the 1923 play The Return of Sherlock Holmes.
 * Daniel Keyes played Lestrade in the 1965 musical Baker Street.
 * In the 1989 premiere of Sherlock Holmes: The Musical, he was played by Roger Llewellyn.
 * Inspector Lestrade is one of many characters played by a small number of actors in the play Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery. In the 2015 premiere, he was played by Michael Glenn.

Radio

 * Lestrade was played by several actors in The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes including Frederick Worlock and Bernard Lenrow.
 * In adaptations that were broadcast on the BBC Home Service and the BBC Light Programme, Lestrade was played by multiple actors including John Cazabon and Humphrey Morton.
 * Donald Gee played Inspector Giles Lestrade throughout most of the entire BBC Radio canon opposite Clive Merrison's Holmes beginning with the November 1989 broadcast of A Study in Scarlet and ending with the October 13th 1993 broadcast of "The Second Stain". Stephen Thorne took over the role beginning with the January 12th 1994 broadcast of "The Cardboard Box" and ending in the March 29th 1995 broadcast of "The Retired Colourman"; he returned to the role in the BBC Radio series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes June 15, 2004 broadcast of "The Striking Success of Miss Franny Blossom", the January 2nd 2009 broadcast of "The Eye of Horus" and the January 16th 2009 broadcast of "The Ferrers Documents".
 * Rick May voiced Lestrade in the American radio series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in episodes released from 1998 to 2020, and also portrayed Lestrade in the related radio series The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (2005–2016).
 * James Fleet portrayed Lestrade as the lead character in the BBC Radio 4 drama series called The Rivals in 2011. Each episode had Lestrade team up with a different fictional Victorian detective, Sherlock Holmes' "Rivals" in the field. The series returned in 2013, but the role of Lestrade was recast and played by Tim Pigott-Smith due to James Fleet's non-availability. Fleet returned to play Lestrade when The Rivals was renewed for a third series in 2015 and a fourth series in 2016.

Video games

 * Lestrade appears as a non-player character in the 1984 Sherlock computer adventure game.
 * Lestrade is one of four playable characters in the 1986 video game adaptation of the board game 221B Baker Street.
 * Inspector Lestrade appears in the Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective video games (1991–1993).
 * Lestrade is a character in both The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Serrated Scalpel (1992) and its sequel The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Rose Tattoo (1996).
 * Lestrade features in some of the titles in the Sherlock Holmes series by Frogwares such as Sherlock Holmes Versus Arsène Lupin (2007) and Sherlock Holmes: Crimes & Punishments (2014), being briefly playable in the former.
 * A young female pickpocket based on Lestrade, her first name being "Gina", appears in the Ace Attorney spin-off, The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures (2015). She appears as a witness in the game's third case, and as a defendant falsely accused of murder in the game's fifth case. She joins the police force as a trainee and dubs herself "Inspector Lestrade" in the game's sequel, The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve.
 * In the otome dating game and phone app "Guard Me, Sherlock!", Lestrade appears as "George" Lestrade, who is an inspector in the apparently "useless" Scotland Yard. There is a story route for him.
 * Inspector Lestrade is a logic puzzle game online through Everett Kaser Software.

Print

 * In the 1979 book Sherlock Holmes: The Man and His World by H. R. F. Keating, Keating notes that despite Holmes' accusations of his lack of observational skills, he knows Holmes craves the outré and uses this to collect his interest in the case of "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons".
 * The author M. J. Trow wrote a series of seventeen books using Lestrade as the central character, beginning with The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade in 1985. In these stories, Trow shows Lestrade to be a more than capable detective. He is given a first name, "Sholto", a young daughter whom he seldom sees, and a series of adventures set against a historical backdrop. In one book Lestrade meets G. K. Chesterton and in another he suffers a broken leg in a fall from the gangplank of the RMS Titanic.
 * In the novel The Canary Trainer (1993), Sherlock Holmes uses "Inspector Lestrade" as an alias while investigating the phantom of the Paris Opera while incognito.
 * Lestrade is a recurring character in the Moonstone Books versions of Sherlock Holmes adventures. His "We're proud of you" speech is adapted for a scene in Holmes' birthday in "Return of the Devil" (2004).
 * He appears in the book series The Boy Sherlock Holmes (2007–2012) as the son of a ferret-faced inspector by the same name who dislikes Sherlock greatly.
 * Holmes also used the alias Inspector Lestrade in the pastiche, The Counterfeit Detective (2016) by Stuart Douglas.
 * Lestrade is briefly mentioned in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume I.
 * In the blaxploitation comic book series Watson and Holmes, Lestrade is re-imagined as Detective Leslie Straude, one of the series' few white recurring characters. Other than the gender swap and name change, she is very similar to the original character.

In popular culture
Agatha Christie modelled her police detective character Inspector Japp, who appears in the stories featuring private detective Hercule Poirot, after Inspector Lestrade. Similar to Lestrade, Japp is described as "a little, sharp, dark, ferret-faced man" in Christie's 1920 novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles. In her autobiography, Christie stated that she wrote her early Poirot stories "in the Sherlock Holmes tradition—eccentric detective, stooge assistant, with a Lestrade-type Scotland Yard detective, Inspector Japp".

A search engine, the Inspector Lestrade, is used by MacIntosh, a "fast, lightweight meta searcher."

"The Inspector Lestrade Award" is a rising term among message boards for a person who is "almost correct." It has shown up on zdnet and "Bad Astronomy and the Universe Today" forum.

The Peterson Pipes company has a Sherlock Holmes (Return) Series of handmade pipes with silverwork. Two Lestrade pipes are in the collection.

title: Inspector Lestrade


text:
Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack

Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack (ゴジラ・モスラ・キングギドラ 大怪獣総攻撃) is a 2001 Japanese kaiju film directed and co-written by Shusuke Kaneko, with special effects by Makoto Kamiya. Distributed by Toho and produced under their subsidiary Toho Pictures, it is the 26th film in the Godzilla franchise and the third film in the Millennium era. The film stars Chiharu Niiyama, Ryudo Uzaki, Masahiro Kobayashi, Hideyo Amamoto, and Shirō Sano, with Mizuho Yoshida as Godzilla, Akira Ohashi as King Ghidorah, and Rie Ōta as Baragon. In the film, Mothra, King Ghidorah, and Baragon defend Japan from Godzilla, who has been possessed by the souls of those that were killed during the Pacific War. Like the other films in the franchise's Millennium period, the film serves as a direct sequel to the original 1954 Godzilla film, ignoring the events of every other installment in the series, minus a small reference to Godzilla (1998).

Godzilla was originally slated to face off against a revamped version of Kamacuras, but Kaneko ultimately decided to place Godzilla against three monsters representing elements of the Earth: Varan, Baragon, and Anguirus. Toho later convinced him to replace Varan and Anguirus with King Ghidorah and Mothra in order to make the film a box-office success. Principal photography began on May 11, 2001, in Studio 1 at Toho Studios and wrapped on August 9, 2001.

Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack had its premiere at the 16th Tokyo International Film Festival on November 3, 2001, and was released in Japan on December 15, as a double feature with Hamtaro: Adventures in Ham-Ham Land. The film received mostly critical acclaim and earned US$20 million against a budget of US$7–9 million, making it the third-highest-grossing Japanese film of 2002. Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack is now considered among the best Godzilla films. Takashi Yamazaki has cited the film as one of his favorites in the series and believes that it subconsciously inspired his own Godzilla film Godzilla Minus One (2023).

The film was followed by Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla which was released on December 14, 2002.

Plot
During a briefing with the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) regarding Godzilla's first attack, Admiral Taizo Tachibana is alerted about an American nuclear submarine that went missing off Guam. Search and rescue units find the submarine destroyed and capture footage of a giant creature's fins nearby. Tachibana's daughter, Yuri, films a docudrama with her production crew at Mount Myōkō, where a mysterious earthquake briefly occurs. It occurs again later that night, burying a biker gang and leaving one surviving trucker, who witnesses the monster Baragon, which he misidentifies as Godzilla. The next day, Yuri's colleague Teruaki Takeda supports her theory that a monster may have been the cause of the mysterious earthquakes and gives her a book called The Guardian Monsters.

At Lake Ikeda, Mothra in her larva form attacks a group of teenagers who disturbed her shrine while in Aokigahara, a suicidal man accidentally encounters a frozen 3,000-year-old dragon King Ghidorah. Yuri interviews Hirotoshi Isayama, an elderly man who explains to her the legend of the Guardian Monsters: Baragon, Mothra, and King Ghidorah, iterating that they must be awakened before Godzilla destroys Japan. Yuri and her team visit the Guardian Monsters' shrine, where she finds a strange stone before returning to interview Isayama. In the process, she discovers that the souls of those who were killed during the Pacific War are embedded within Godzilla and are lashing out due to modern Japan's denial of its past crimes.

Godzilla and Baragon surface and battle in Hakone, with the former emerging victorious. Yuri is injured during the fray and goes on her own after Takeda refuses to take her to Godzilla's location. Mothra's cocoon is discovered in Lake Ikeda. After the jets fail to stop Godzilla, Tachibana sets up a defense line in Yokohama. An imago Mothra and a juvenile King Ghidorah awaken and battle Godzilla in Yokohama. Mothra sacrifices herself and imbues her spirit into King Ghidorah, empowering it. King Ghidorah manages to injure and drag Godzilla underwater. Tachibana and his colleague board miniature submarines to launch missiles into Godzilla's wound. Yuri and Takeda report on the struggle from Yokohama Bay Bridge that later collapses from Godzilla's atomic breath.

The shrine stone falls from Takeda's pocket and revives King Ghidorah, who saves Yuri and Takeda from their fall before they swim ashore while the monsters continue to fight. Godzilla destroys King Ghidorah, unleashing the spirits of the guardian monsters, which drag Godzilla into the sea. After entering Godzilla's body through its mouth, Tachibana fires a missile at the wound. Godzilla attempts to kill Yuri and Takeda, but Tachibana's missile explodes, causing its atomic breath to escape through the gaping wound and build pressure within its body. Tachibana escapes as Godzilla sinks and explodes after attempting to kill Tachibana with its atomic breath. Japan rejoices at their victory, with Tachibana saluting his colleagues and the guardian monsters. On the ocean floor, Godzilla's disembodied heart continues to beat.

Development and writing
During the production of Godzilla vs. Megaguirus (2000), filmmaker Shusuke Kaneko was appointed director of the next Godzilla film by Toho producer Shōgo Tomiyama. Kaneko was entrusted to convert the film's premise as well as select its crew, hiring many of his collaborators on his Gamera film trilogy (1995-1999), and other films he had directed.

Kaneko cycled through various script ideas while attempting to conceive the film, with his initial proposal having Godzilla battle Kamacuras, his son's favorite kaiju. However, it was scrapped because Godzilla had fought another insectoid kaiju in the previous film, Godzilla vs. Megaguirus. After Toho disapproved of Kaneko's second proposal, concerning Godzilla facing off against an astronaut who becomes a monster after being exposed to cosmic rays, Kaneko converted the idea of the monster fighting three divine kaiju that he suggested be Anguirus, Varan and Baragon. Toho approved the script, but told him to replace Anguirus and Varan with the more popular Mothra and King Ghidorah, as the former kaiju were not considered bankable enough to guarantee a box-office hit. After silently considering Toho's suggestion in the company's office for fifteen minutes, Kaneko concluded that he could meet their requirements for the film despite his initial skepticism.

Kaneko co-wrote the film's screenplay with Keiichi Hasegawa and Masahiro Yokotani, which had Godzilla's role replacing that of King Ghidorah in Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster (1964). Furthermore, Godzilla's radioactive element was replaced with a mystical element, as its origins are rooted in Japan's past during World War II. While Godzilla is still a mutant dinosaur that was created by the atomic bomb, it is also described as the embodiment of those killed or left to die at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Pacific War. The extent to which his nuclear and spiritual origins balance is never specified. Kaneko, a lifelong pacifist, wanted to give the film an anti-war angle. The nuclear origin was left in because he knew that audiences wanted a realistic Godzilla, but he believed it worked better with a fantasy element. The screenwriters completed the script for the film on April 20, 2001.

A reference to Godzilla (1998) featured in the film was converted and added by Kaneko in an early draft of the script as a joke due to that film's unpopularity. The inclusion of the dialogue about a similar monster attacking New York a few years before reinforces that monsters exist worldwide in the film's universe.

Filming
Principal photography began on May 11, 2001, in Studio 1 at Toho Studios. The first two scenes filmed were the encounters with the frozen Ghidorah, for which a set was created to depict the interior of a cave; Yukijirō Hotaru's scene at the location was shot on the first day, with Hideyo Amamoto's shot the following day. At the start of photography, Kaneko expressed on-set that he felt "One difference between Toho and Daiei is the quality of the sets. On Gamera, we had little money, so I had to film on location. At Toho, with over twice the budget, I can have sets built to order."

The three months of filming wrapped on August 9, 2001.

Special effects
Special effects photography began on May 17, 2001, in Studio 9 at Toho Studios and concluded on August 24, 2001.

Box office
Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack opened in Japan on December 15, 2001 on a double-bill with an animated film called Hamtaro: Ham Ham Big Land Adventure. In its opening weekend, it grossed approximately $1,900,000. By the end of its box office run, Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack grossed a total of approximately ¥2.7 billion (US$20 million), with 2,400,000 admissions. It was one of the largest-grossing Godzilla films of the Millennium series in Japan. According to IGN, the film "rescued" the series since the two previous Millennium films were box-office bombs.

Home media
The film was released on DVD on January 27, 2004, and on Blu-ray, bundled with Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla, on September 9, 2014.

English version
After the film was completed, Toho had their international versions of the movie dubbed in Hong Kong. This dubbed version significantly changes the meaning of several lines throughout the film.

Sony licensed GMK and Godzilla vs. Megaguirus with the hope of giving both films a theatrical release in the United States. However, after the American release of Godzilla 2000 under-performed at the box office, plans to give any newer Godzilla films a wide release were scrapped. Instead, Sony prepared edited television versions of both films. These premiered in the United States on the Sci-Fi Channel on August 31, 2003, during the channel's Labor Day marathon. In February 2004, the uncut international versions of both films were released on DVD with the addition of the original Japanese soundtracks, a first for an American release of a Godzilla film.

Critical response
Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack received mostly international critical acclaim upon its release. .

Hobby Japan editor Katsuhito Itō felt the film is the second greatest entry in the franchise after the original 1954 film. Troy Guinn of Eccentric Cinema gave the film a score of 8 out of 10, calling it "one of only three Godzilla films I would recommend to anyone besides giant monster-movie fans or sci-fi buffs, the other two being the original Gojira [sic] and Mothra vs. Godzilla." Bryan Byun of DVD Verdict gave it a positive review, calling it "one of the most exciting entries in Godzilla's long cinematic history." Stomp Tokyo gave the film a score of 3 out of 5, calling it "one of the better-looking entries in the series, albeit one of unfulfilled potential."

John Wallis of DVD Talk felt that "the story is quite weak and somber" and that "this new take on [Godzilla] doesn't really work," while Gemma Tarlach of the Milwaukee Journal said that "GMK is best when it embraces its unabashed cheesiness. But when it tries to make Statements with Meaning, whether on Japan's past aggressions or ersatz samurai ruminations on the duty of a warrior, the movie flounders like a giant lizard hogtied by power lines." Film critic Leonard Maltin gave it three out of four stars, one of only three Godzilla films to receive more than two and a half stars, with the others being Godzilla (1954) and Godzilla 2000. The Boston Globe film critic Wesley Morris gave it three out of four stars, writing: "as absurd as its title, and by those standards it's a hilarious success." Jamie Healy of the Radio Times rated it 3 out of 5 saying that as a result of the sheer power of Godzilla "this project comes slightly undone, as he's made into such an all-conquering badass as to be nigh-on indestructible."

Legacy
Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack is now considered by many to be one of the best entries in the Godzilla franchise. In 2021, it was ranked at number 14 on Variety 's list "All the Godzilla Movies Ranked" In 2023, Collider ranked GMK as the best film in the series, listing it higher than the acclaimed Godzilla (1954) and Godzilla vs. Destoroyah (1995). That same year, Comic Book Resources listed it number 12 on their ranking of every film. As of October 26, 2023, it is the 18th highest-rated Godzilla film on Rotten Tomatoes.

In 2023, critically-acclaimed filmmaker Takashi Yamazaki cited Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack as his favorite Godzilla film. He stated in a discussion with Kaneko at a screening of GMK, that the film had a major influence on his 2023 film Godzilla Minus One. He reflected: "I had forgotten the contents of GMK for a while, but it seems like I self-consciously thought about it when writing the scenario for -1.0. Without realizing it, I was under considerable influence".


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Talk:Pacific Spirit Regional Park

Untitled
What's a "study forest"? I really didn't know how to fix this part of the article, so I hope someone can describe that a little more. --E.D.Hedekar 10:02, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I believe they're talking about an area that they close off to the public to do "forest research" on.. If it's what I think they mean  I'd always thought it was a nature reserve.
 * Is Wreck beach part of the park? If it is it's detached from the rest. TastyCakes 17:19, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

I'm going to change "a study forest" to "an ecological reserve not open to the public", since that describes it better. Also... Wreck Beach is not really detached from the rest of the park - at low-tide it's possible to walk south along the beach to Trail 7, which leads up to the southwest tip of the main park, and it's also possible to walk north along the beach to Acadia Beach which links up with the northwest part. I hike there quite a bit :) Dracunculus (talk) 19:02, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pacific Spirit Regional Park


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Rail Management Corporation

Durden Enterprises II Inc - Formally Rail Management Corporation (RMC), based in Panama City Beach, Florida, was a holding company of short line railroads in the southeastern United States.

History
On May 26, 2005, Genesee and Wyoming (G&W) announced that it has agreed to purchase RMC's railroad operations. G&W will pay $243 million in cash and assume $1.7 million in company debt to gain control of 14 short line railroads from RMC across the southeastern United States, as of June 1, 2005. The owners of RMC would then use cash derived from the sale to purchase several radio stations, including WILN, WKMX, KDAY, and WYYX among others.

Holdings
RMC held controlling interests in the following railroads:
 * AN Railway
 * Atlantic and Western Railway
 * Bay Line Railroad
 * Copper Basin Railway
 * East Tennessee Railway
 * Galveston Railroad
 * Georgia Central Railway
 * Kentucky West Tennessee (KWT)
 * Little Rock and Western Railway
 * Meridian and Bigbee Railroad
 * Tomahawk Railway
 * Valdosta Railway
 * Western Kentucky Railway
 * Wilmington Terminal Railroad

title: Rail Management Corporation


text:
Ceratosauria

Ceratosaurs are members of the clade Ceratosauria, a group of dinosaurs defined as all theropods sharing a more recent common ancestor with Ceratosaurus than with birds. The oldest known ceratosaur, Saltriovenator, dates to the earliest part of the Jurassic, around 199 million years ago. Ceratosauria includes three major clades: Ceratosauridae, Noasauridae, and Abelisauridae, found primarily (though not exclusively) in the Southern Hemisphere. Originally, Ceratosauria included the above dinosaurs plus the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Coelophysoidea and Dilophosauridae, implying a much earlier divergence of ceratosaurs from other theropods. However, most recent studies have shown that coelophysoids and dilophosaurids do not form a natural group with other ceratosaurs, and are excluded from this group.

Ceratosauria derives its names from the type species, Ceratosaurus nasicornis, described by O.C. Marsh in 1884. A moderately large predator from the Late Jurassic, Ceratosaurus nasicornis, was the first ceratosaur to be discovered. Ceratosaurs are generally moderately large in size, with some exceptions like the larger Carnotaurus and the significantly smaller noasaurs. The major defining characteristics of Ceratosauria include a robust skull with increased ornamentation or height and a shortening of the arms. Both of these characteristics are generally accentuated in later members of the group, such as the abelisaurs, whereas more basal species such as C. nasicornis appear more similar to other basal theropods. The highly fragmented nature of the ceratosaur fossil record means that the characteristics, relationships, and early history of Ceratosauria remain mysterious and highly debated.

History of study
Ceratosauria was first described by O.C. Marsh in the American Journal of Science in 1884. Writing about the newly discovered C. nasicornis, he noted the similarities between the firmly united metatarsals of C. nasicornis and those of Archaeopteryx. Since C. nasicornis was the only other dinosaur discovered at the time to share this trait, Marsh concluded that Ceratosauria must be placed very near Archaeopteryx and its related groups. Marsh also named the family Ceratosauridae in 1884 to contain C. nasicornis. Since then, a number of other species have been referred to this family, mainly from the genus Ceratosaurus.

The idea of the Ceratosauria would be contested by Marsh's rival, Edward Drinker Cope. Cope argued that the taxon was invalid. The idea of the Ceratosauria would regain some support more than thirty years later when Gilmore argued in its favor in 1920. Despite Gilmore's support, few species were added to the group following World War I, and little emphasis was placed on it. In fact, the scientific community's most common interaction with Ceratosauria throughout much of the 20th century was the disputation of its existence, performed by the likes of Romer, Lapparent, Lavocat, Colbert, and Charig amongst others.

Ceratosauria's fortune changed in 1986 when Jacques Gauthier, in an attempt to clarify the evolution of birds, grouped the majority of theropods into either Ceratosauria or Tetanurae. In Ceratosauria, he placed the ceratosaurs and coelophysoids. Gauthier's paper brought Ceratosauria's use back in vogue, and by the early 1990s, Abelisauridae had also been included under Ceratosauria. The triumvirate model of ceratosaurs, coelophysoids, and abelisaurids would go unchallenged until the early 2000s. Beginning at the turn of the millennium, a large number of paleontologists began excluding coelophysoids from Ceratosauria. This view is now widely held thanks to several similarities between Ceratosauria and Tetanurae not found in coelophysoids.

Phylogeny
Most paleontologists have postulated that Ceratosauria split off from other theropods in the Late Triassic or earliest Jurassic. Despite this, no ceratosaurs have been discovered prior to the Early Jurassic, and even in the Middle Jurassic, species are sparse. Many scientists, such as Carrano and Sampson, have postulated the lack of specimens is due to a poor fossil record, rather than an indictment on the abundance of ceratosaurs at the time. A similarly large gap of specimens exist in the lower Cretaceous, particularly for Abelisauridae. More recent discoveries have resulted in varying phylogenetic results concerning the relationships between Elaphrosaurus and the derived Cretaceous noasaurids. The precise relationship between Ceratosaurus and the abelisaurids is also not clearly resolved.

Currently, most paleontologists agree that Ceratosauria contains a slightly more exclusive clade, Neoceratosauria, which contains the groups Ceratosauridae and Abelisauroidea, with some variance as to which taxa are placed into basal polytomy. Abelisauroidea is further divided into the Abelisauridae and Noasauridae, with Abelisauridae, including Carnotaurinae. Recently, Rauhut and Carrano have placed Elaphrosaurinae inside Noasauridae while simultaneously moving the previous noasaurs into Noasaurinae. Into their new Noasauridae, they have uniquely included Deltadromeus and Limusaurus.

It is difficult to discern possible synapomorphies of Ceratosauridae from autapomorphies of Ceratosaurus because the remains of the related Genyodectes are so fragmentary; e.g. Ceratosaurus is different from other ceratosaurians by the very prominent horn on its snout; Genyodectes, however, was not found with a complete skull; whether it had a horn is unknown, so it cannot establish that the horn was a shared derived feature of the group. However, due to the shared similarities between the teeth of the two genera, synapomorphies have been recognized in the teeth. The synapomorphies that do exist include: overlap of the second and third premaxillary alveoli in palatal view, largest crown in subadults/adults higher than six centimeters, subquadrangular mesial denticles at two-thirds of the crown in lateral teeth. Currently the only generally-recognized ceratosaurid species outside the genus Ceratosaurus is Genyodectes from the Cretaceous or Patagonia. The taxa Eoabelisaurus and Ostafrikasaurus are also probable ceratosaurs, but it is unknown if they belong to Ceratosauridae. Delcourt (2018) defined Ceratosauridae as "the most inclusive clade containing Ceratosaurus nasicornis but not Carnotaurus sastrei". Abelisauroidea is a diverse superfamily of ceratosaurians and the sister taxon of Ceratosauridae. It is typically regarded as a Cretaceous group, though the earliest abelisaurid remains are known from the Middle Jurassic of Argentina (classified as the species Eoabelisaurus mefi) and possibly Madagascar (fragmentary remains of an unnamed species). Possible abelisaurid remains (an isolated left tibia, right femur, and right tibia) were also discovered in Late Jurassic Tendaguru Beds in Tanzania.

Abelisauroids flourished in the Southern hemisphere during the Cretaceous period, but their origins can be traced back to at least the Middle Jurassic, when they had a more global distribution (the earliest known abelisauroid remains come from Australian and South American deposits dated to about 170 million years ago). By the Cretaceous period, abelisauroids had apparently become extinct in Asia and North America, possibly due to competition from tyrannosauroids. However, advanced abelisauroids of the family Abelisauridae persisted in the southern continents until the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event million years ago.

In an assessment of the phylogenetic position of Eoabelisaurus, the analysis found it as the most basal member of the Abelisauridae. Abelisaurid synapomorphies include the laterally covered lacrimal antorbital fossa, broad cervical prespinal fossae, anteroposteriorly short anterior caudal neural spines, absence of a ventral groove in the anterior caudals, presence of rudimentary centrodiapophyseal laminae in the anterior mid-caudals, reduced distal ginglymus in the manual phalanges, and the presence of a flexor depression in the pedal unguals. Alternative phylogenetic placements of Eoabelisaurus are significantly suboptimal, except for a slightly more basal position. Noasaurids had longer arms than their relatives the abelisaurids, whose arms were tiny and diminished. Although by no means as large or specialized as the arms of advanced bird-like theropods, noasaurid arms were nevertheless capable of movement and use, possibly even for hunting in large-clawed genera such as Noasaurus. Some genera such as Limusaurus did have somewhat reduced arms and hands, but far from the extent that abelisaurids acquired. Noasaurids were also nimble and lightly built, with feet showing adaptations for running such as a long central foot bone. Noasaurids varied in size, from the small Velocisaurus under 5 ft long, to much larger genera such as Elaphrosaurus and Deltadromeus, which were more than 20 ft in length. The oldest known ceratosaur currently described is Saltriovenator zanellai which is dated to the Early Sinemurian, 199-197 Ma. The origin of Ceratosauria could have been in Northern Pangea where Saltriovenator, its close relative Berberosaurus, and Carmelopodus footprints have been found.

The following family tree illustrates a synthesis of the relationships of the major theropod groups based on various studies conducted in the 2010s and demonstrates the position of Ceratosauria within theropods.

The following cladogram shows the internal relationships within Ceratosauria following an analysis by Diego Pol and Oliver W. M. Rauhut, 2012.

A different conclusion was reached in a 2017 paper on Limusaurus ontogeny. Unlike other analyses, Noasauridae was placed more basal than Ceratosaurus, with the latter being within Abelisauridae by definition. This was later expanded on in a 2018 paper on ceratosaur paleobiology, which named a new clade Etrigansauria, which contained the families Abelisauridae and Ceratosauridae. The following cladogram is a consensus tree of the latest phylogenies shown in the paper.

Anatomy
Some of the defining characteristics of Ceratosauria include an increase in height and ornamentation of the skull, as well as a shortening of the forelimbs. Likewise, ceratosaurs fused their ilium, ischium, and pubis together, as well as the astragalus and calcaneum. For less derived members of the group, such as C. nasicornis, traits such as raising of the skull and shortening of the forelimbs were not as noticeable. The skull of C. nasicornis was rather similar to the basal theropod mold, with a distinguishing nasal crest to go along with lacrimal crests similar to the contemporary Allosaurus. C. nasicornis had larger teeth than Allosaurus, and some paleontologists postulate that it would have had a difficult time attacking larger prey. Abelisaurids, however, carried many of these defining traits to their extremes. Most abelisaurids had largely shortened forelimbs, with Carnotaurus having shrunk them further than any large theropod. After analyzing the features of the newly discovered Rugops primus, Paul Sereno has postulated that many of these abelisaurid features may lend themselves to scavenging. Despite the huge reduction in size, no taxa in Ceratosauria ever lost a digit or any critical elements of the forelimb. Some joint variation has also been observed in Ceratosauria, and it has been postulated that they may have had better shoulder mobility than other large theropods.

There are two known types of Ceratosaurus teeth: one with longitudinal ridges and the other with veined enamel. Both types of teeth have crowns with a teardrop-shaped cross section and carinae running up the middle. The cross section of the tooth's base depends on the position of the tooth in the mouth with front teeth having less symmetric cross sections.

Complete skeletons have been described only for the most advanced abelisaurids (such as Carnotaurus and Aucasaurus), making the establishment of defining features of the skeleton for the family as a whole more difficult. However, most are known from at least some skull bones, so known shared features come mainly from the skull. Many abelisaurid skull features are shared with carcharodontosaurids. These shared features, along with the fact that Abelisauridae seem to have replaced Carcharodontosauridae in South America, has led to suggestions that the two groups were related. Noasaurids were considered to be distinctive abelisauroids with a peculiar "sickle claw" on the second toe of the foot, convergently developed with that of deinonychosaurians. Among noasaurids, the Argentinean genera Noasaurus (Later Cretaceous) and Ligabueino (Early Cretaceous) are known from incomplete specimens, including disarticulated non-ungual phalanges and in Noasaurus, a claw. A detailed overview of these elements indicates that the supposed raptorial claw of the second pedal digit actually belongs to the first or second finger of the manus, and the putative pedal non-ungual phalanges or both genera also pertain to the manus.

Geography
Ceratosaurs appeared to have had a global population that diverged by the early Jurassic. However, they appear to have largely disappeared from Laurasia in the Cretaceous, with those few specimens that have been discovered having been possibly reintroduced from Gondwana. No confirmed specimens of ceratosaurs in North America during the Cretaceous have been found.

Abelisaurids in particular had great success in Gondwana, particularly in the Cretaceous. Some Gondwanan and Laurasian specimens have recently been found and dated to Late Jurassic, and possibly even the Middle Jurassic, greatly extending the abelisaurid timeline. Some paleontologists have postulated that a large desert may have kept abelisaurids locked in southern Gondwana until the late Jurassic. Whether correlation or causation, it has been largely observed that late Cretaceous ceratosaurs were found less in areas dominated by basal tetanurans (Africa) or coelurosaurs (North America and Asia). The below phylogeny follows a simplified cladogram of Hendrickx et al. (2015), limited to Ceratosauria.

Diet
As with most theropods, ceratosaurs were carnivores—except for some noasaurs like Limusaurus and Berthasaura, which were omnivores or herbivores with toothless beaks. Ceratosaurus has been argued to have eaten a large amount of fish and other aquatic creatures, though this has been disputed by many paleontologists. Tooth marks on large animals such as Allosaurus indicate that Ceratosaurus likely utilized scavenging often. The interesting jaws of the abelisaurids have drawn mixed dietary predictions. One study on Carnotaurus found that its bite, thanks to its shortened skull, was suited for hunting small prey, thanks to a quick, but relatively weak bite. On the other hand, other groups of paleontologists have found that the bite of Carnotaurus was relatively powerful, and more adept at hunting and wounding large prey.

Others have postulated its skull was built for scavenging. The debate over the eating habits of ceratosaurs is quite active, particularly recently with the increase in abelisaur discoveries. Using three methods, namely a cladistic analysis performed on a dentition-based data matrix, and discriminant and cluster analyses conducted on a large dataset of theropod teeth measurements, three dental morphotypes which are confidently referred to abelisaurid theropods are identifiable. Whether the morphotypes represent different abelisaurid subclades or different positional entities within the jaw of the same abelisaurid species, is unknown. Such an identification, nevertheless, provides additional evidence of abelisaurids feeding on sauropod carcasses.

Studies of Majungasaurus indicate that it was a much slower-growing dinosaur than other theropods, taking nearly 20 years to reach adult size. Similar studies on other abelisaurid genera indicate that this slow maturation may have been a common trait to the whole of Abelisauridae. Noasaurines are Late Cretaceous noasaurids known exclusively from southern continents and islands such as South America, Madagascar, and India. Elaphrosaurines were lightly built theropods, with small skulls and long necks and legs. If Limusaurus is any indication, adult elaphrosaurines were completely toothless, and their mouths were probably edged with a horny beak. It is likely that Limusaurus and other elaphrosaurines were primarily herbivorous as adults, due to mature Limusaurus specimens preserving gastroliths and chemical signatures resembling those of herbivorous dinosaurs.

Paleoenvironment
Being found in the Morrison and Tendaguru put the family Ceratosauridae in the presence of other large predators. In North America, it is likely that members of the family such as C. nasicornis competed with allosaurids (A. fragilis) for food, such as sauropods common to the region at the time. In Africa and Europe members also competed with other large predators for similar food sources. The presence of C. nasicornis at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry along with the remains of several allosaurids is a good indication of just how close members of this family and other predators coexisted.

Most abelisauroid ceratosaurs were found in Madagascar, Asia, or sometimes in Africa. Abelisauridae thrived during the Cretaceous period on the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana, and today their fossil remains are found on the modern continents of Africa and South America, as well as on the Indian subcontinent and the island of Madagascar. In Madagascar, Majungasaurus was discovered by French paleontologist Charles Depéret. Majungasaurus was the most common abelisauroid which we know. In South America, many abelisauroids such as Skorpiovenator, Quilmesaurus, Aucasarus, Ilokelesia, and Pyconemosaurus are known. Kurupi itaata represents the first formally named vertebrate of the Marília Formation (Bauru Group, Bauru Basin) and one of the few theropod records for the Maastrichtian of the Bauru Basin. Its abelisaurid affinities are well established based on the anatomy of the pelvis and anterior caudal vertebrae; however, closer relationships with other abelisaurids are still unclear. The specimens provide new information on abelisauroids, which are still poorly known in the Brazilian fossil record, and on the distribution of this group of theropod dinosaurs in South America. These discoveries indicate that abelisauroids were the most common large predatory dinosaurs where they lived.

title: Ceratosauria


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Wikipedia:WikiProject Holmes/temp

Being the little template-stealer that I am, I am basing the template on and just changing the links! J OHN C OLLISON [ Ludraman] 10:04, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This is at Template:Holmes

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Holmes/temp


text: User talk:63.74.232.26

title: User talk:63.74.232.26


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Inelastic scattering

In chemistry, nuclear physics, and particle physics, inelastic scattering is a process in which the internal states of a particle or a system of particles changes after a collision. Often, this means the kinetic energy of the incident particle is not conserved (in contrast to elastic scattering). Additionally, relativistic collisions which involve a transition from one type of particle to another are referred to as inelastic even if the outgoing particles have the same kinetic energy as the incoming ones. Processes which are governed by elastic collisions at a microscopic level will appear to be inelastic if a macroscopic observer only has access to a subset of the degrees of freedom. In Compton scattering for instance, the two particles in the collision transfer energy causing a loss of energy in the measured particle.

Electrons
When an electron is the incident particle, the probability of inelastic scattering, depending on the energy of the incident electron, is usually smaller than that of elastic scattering. Thus in the case of gas electron diffraction (GED), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), and transmission electron diffraction, because the energy of the incident electron is high, the contribution of inelastic electron scattering can be ignored. Deep inelastic scattering of electrons from protons provided the first direct evidence for the existence of quarks.

Photons
When a photon is the incident particle, there is an inelastic scattering process called Raman scattering. In this scattering process, the incident photon interacts with matter (gas, liquid, and solid) and the frequency of the photon is shifted towards red or blue. A red shift can be observed when part of the energy of the photon is transferred to the interacting matter, where it adds to its internal energy in a process called Stokes Raman scattering. The blue shift can be observed when internal energy of the matter is transferred to the photon; this process is called anti-Stokes Raman scattering.

Inelastic scattering is seen in the interaction between an electron and a photon. When a high-energy photon collides with a free electron (more precisely, weakly bound since a free electron cannot participate in inelastic scattering with a photon) and transfers energy, the process is called Compton scattering. Furthermore, when an electron with relativistic energy collides with an infrared or visible photon, the electron gives energy to the photon. This process is called inverse Compton scattering.

Neutrons
Neutrons undergo many types of scattering, including both elastic and inelastic scattering. Whether elastic or inelastic scatter occurs is dependent on the speed of the neutron, whether fast or thermal, or somewhere in between. It is also dependent on the nucleus it strikes and its neutron cross section. In inelastic scattering, the neutron interacts with the nucleus and the kinetic energy of the system is changed. This often activates the nucleus, putting it into an excited, unstable, short-lived energy state which causes it to quickly emit some kind of radiation to bring it back down to a stable or ground state. Alpha, beta, gamma, and protons may be emitted. Particles scattered in this type of nuclear reaction may cause the nucleus to recoil in the other direction.

Molecular collisions
Inelastic scattering is common in molecular collisions. Any collision which leads to a chemical reaction will be inelastic, but the term inelastic scattering is reserved for those collisions which do not result in reactions. There is a transfer of energy between the translational mode (kinetic energy) and rotational and vibrational modes.

If the transferred energy is small compared to the incident energy of the scattered particle, one speaks of quasielastic scattering.

title: Inelastic scattering


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User:Panther Modern

Panther Modern is a techno-geek from Houston, Texas. He is a member of the American Coaster Enthusiasts, a club dedicated to the preservation of the roller coaster.

He runs both http://www.panthermodern.net and http://www.sixflagshouston.com

Other hobbies include The Rocky Horror Picture Show, currently showing in Houston, Texas at the Premier Theatres Nasa Doller Cinema at I-45S and Nasa Road 1. He has been performing, on and off, for 15 years.

title: User:Panther Modern


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Ekwendeni

Ekwendeni is a town in the Northern Region of Malawi. It lies about 20 km from Mzuzu, in the Mzimba district.

In 1889 Walter Angus Elmslie opened a mission station at eKwendeni. It has one of the oldest churches in Malawi belonging to the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP), the local equivalent of the Church of Scotland.

The general hospital began in the 1890s as a ministry of the Free Church of Scotland. Ekwendeni Hospital is operated by the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian – Synod of Livingstonia, in partnership with the Presbyterian Church (USA), the Church of Scotland and the Presbyterian Church of Ireland.

The people of Ekwendeni have Tumbuka as the dominant language but other languages are spoken due to the high numbers of people from other parts of Malawi settling there. Residents of Ekwendeni were often attracted there because of the hospital, the theological college, the college of nursing and the technical training school.

Ekwendeni is largely surrounded by tobacco growing farms. It has a high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates as a favourite resting place for truck drivers travelling along the M1 road between Malawi and Tanzania, Kenya and beyond.

Ekwendeni is booming with small businesses. International donors are helping in the development of this area. The town has beautiful surroundings which make the area a good destination for tourists.

title: Ekwendeni