text:
1965 in rail transport

January events

 * January 3 – Boston & Maine Railroad ends passenger service to Portland, Maine. Maine is without rail passenger connections to the remainder of the United States until Amtrak initiates Downeaster service between Portland and Boston in December 2001.
 * January 4 – British Railways adopts a new corporate identity including the name British Rail and the 'double arrow' symbol.
 * January 17 – Riverview station, in Waltham, Massachusetts, on the Boston & Maine Railroad closes.

February events

 * February – The British Railways Board publishes The Development of the Major Trunk Routes (sometimes known as the "second Beeching Report", although Richard Beeching had little input) which identifies routes to be targeted for development particularly for freight traffic.
 * February 27 – Last wholly steam-worked standard gauge United States common carrier (freight) railroad, the Buffalo Creek & Gauley Railroad in West Virginia, ceases commercial operation, with 2-8-0 locomotive #4.

March events

 * March 20 – At least 17 stations and two lines closed in Airedale and Wharfedale in West Yorkshire, England, as a result of the Beeching cuts.

May events

 * May – John W. Barriger III succeeds William N. Deramus III as president of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad.
 * May 31 – Richard Beeching steps down from the chairmanship of the British Railways Board, partly due to opposition within the Government to his views on transport in general.

June events

 * June 14 – The 24-hour clock is introduced in all British Rail timetables.

October events

 * October 15 – Meijō Line opened in Japan.
 * October 31 – Canadian National Railway inaugurates Rapido passenger train service between Montreal and Toronto.

November events

 * November 15 – The first commercial Freightliner service operates, on the West Coast Main Line between London and Glasgow.
 * November 22 – Full electric operation of the British Rail West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Crewe.
 * November 27 – Cessation of steam operation on the Western Region of British Railways.
 * November – British Rail operates the first commercial Merry-go-round trains carrying coal between collieries and electricity generating stations.

December events

 * December – General Electric introduces the GE U28C.
 * December 9 – Căile Ferate Române, the national railway system of Romania, opens its first electrified segment using the existing Braşov-Predeal line.
 * December 24 – Cessation of steam operation on the East Coast Main Line in England.
 * December 31 – The last day of operation for the original Bergen Tramway in Bergen, Norway.

Unknown date events

 * All rail transport in Libya ceases.
 * Southern Pacific's bid for control of the Western Pacific is rejected by the Interstate Commerce Commission.
 * First production class M62 locomotives (C-C diesel-electric) are turned out of Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Factory in the Ukraine; 3,273 will be built for freight service in Eastern Bloc countries.
 * The steam generators on Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad's EMC AB6 diesel locomotives are replaced with head-end power (HEP) units and the locomotives re-enter service, now on commuter trains in Chicago.

September deaths

 * September 27 – William Stanier, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland & Scottish Railway 1932–1944 (b. 1876).

title: 1965 in rail transport


text: Talk:Oz Factor

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Oz Factor


text:
User:Silntbob

Headline Big News
I'm not sure what a Silntbob is, but I clicked on the link and it brought me to this page which told me to start typing and press save. So I thought I'd see what happens. Here goes .....

Click herefor IBM

title: User:Silntbob


text:
Theodorus of Gadara

Theodorus of Gadara (Θεόδωρος ὁ Γαδαρεύς) was a Greek rhetorician of the 1st century BC from Gadara (present-day Um Qais, Jordan) who founded a rhetorical school in his native city. According to the Suda, he taught future Roman emperor Tiberius the art of rhetoric. Suetonius (c. 69 – after 122 AD) wrote of Tiberius that:

"...even in his boyhood, his cruel and cold nature did not lie hidden. Theodorus of Gadara was his teacher of rhetoric and, in all his wisdom, seems to have been the first to have understood Tiberius and to have capped him with a very pithy saying when he taunted Tiberius, calling him 'Mud kneaded with blood'..."

Theodorus was one of the two most famous rhetoric teachers of his time, the other being Apollodorus of Pergamon. Students of Apollodorus were commonly referred to as Apollodoreans, while students of Theodorus were known as Theodoreans.

He participated in sophistic contests with Potamo of Mytilene and Antipater in Rome. The Suda claims that he had a son, Antonius, who became a senator under Emperor Hadrian.

Works
According to the Suda, Theodorus wrote the following books, among others:
 * On Questions in Pronunciation (Περὶ τῶν ἐν φωναῖς ζητουμένων, in 3 books)
 * On History (Περὶ ἱστορίας, 1 book)
 * On Thesis (Περὶ θέσεως, 1 book)
 * On the Similarity of Dialects and its Demonstration (Περὶ διαλέκτων ὁμοιότητος καὶ ἀποδείξεως, 2 books)
 * On the Constitution (Περὶ πολιτείας, 2 books)
 * On Coele Syria (Περὶ Κοίλης Συρίας, 1 book)
 * On the Capacity of the Orator (Περὶ ῥήτορος δυνάμεως, 1 book)

title: Theodorus of Gadara


text:
User talk:BenjBot

Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
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To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

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Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

This is a automated to all bot operators
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title: User talk:BenjBot


text:
Blue Room (Unwritten Law album)

Blue Room is the debut album by American punk rock band Unwritten Law. It was released in 1994 by Red Eye Records. It was the band's first full-length album and established their presence in the prolific San Diego music scene of the early 1990s. The album attracted the attention of Epic Records, who re-released it a year after its original release.

The album's title is a reference to the single-room apartment that singer Scott Russo lived in during the band's early years and where most of the album was written (the room was painted entirely blue). The song title "C.P.K." stands for "Crazy Poway Kids" and is a reference to the band's hometown of Poway, California (a suburb of San Diego). "Blurred (Part 2)" is a reference to a song on the band's debut EP Blurr. The songs "Shallow" and "Suzanne" would be re-recorded for their second album Oz Factor.

Band

 * Scott Russo - vocals
 * Steve Morris - lead guitar
 * Rob Brewer - rhythm guitar
 * John Bell - bass guitar
 * Wade Youman - drums

Production

 * Dave Nestor – producer, engineer
 * Mike Monroe – executive producer
 * John Golden – mastering

Artwork

 * Greg Raymond – graphic design
 * Bagel – cover art - Nathan Bagel Stapley
 * Mike Krull – disc art
 * Wade Youman – other artwork
 * Ben Davis – photography

title: Blue Room (Unwritten Law album)


text: Talk:Blue Room (Unwritten Law album)

title: Talk:Blue Room (Unwritten Law album)


text:
IIHF World Women's Championship

The IIHF World Women's Championship, officially the IIHF Ice Hockey Women's World Championship, is the premier international tournament in women's ice hockey. It is governed by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF).

The official world competition was first held in 1990, with four more championships held in the 90s. From 1989 to 1996, and in years that there was no world tournament held, there were European Championships and in 1995 and 1996 a Pacific Rim Championship. From the first Olympic Women's Ice Hockey Tournament in 1998 onward, the Olympic tournament was played instead of the IIHF Championships. Afterwards, the IIHF decided to hold Women's Championships in Olympic years, starting in 2014, but not at the top level. In September 2021, it was announced that the top division will also play during Olympic years and in August-September.

Canada and the United States have dominated the Championship since its inception. Canada won gold at the first eight consecutive tournaments and the United States has won gold at ten of the last fifteen tournaments. Both national teams placed either first or second every tournament until Canada's streak was broken at the 2019 Championship. Finland is the third most successful World Championship team, having won fourteen bronze medals and one silver medal – achieved after breaking the Canadian gold-silver streak. Four other teams have medalled at a Women's World Championship: Russia, winning three bronze medals; Czech Republic and Sweden, each winning two; and Switzerland, winning one.

Structure and qualification
The women's tournament began as an eight-team tournament featuring Canada, the US, the top five from the 1989 European Championships, and one Asian qualifier. The same formula was used for 1992, 1994, and 1997, but changed following the first Olympic women's ice hockey tournament at the 1998 Nagano Olympics. The top five teams from the Olympic tournament qualified for the 1999 World Championship, followed by the best three from final Olympic qualification rounds. Beginning in 1999, the championship became an annual tournament and the first divisional tournaments below the Top Division were played. Along with the creation of the lower divisions, a system of promotion and relegation was introduced, allowing for movement between all divisions.

After the 2017 tournament, it was announced that tournament would expand to 10 teams for 2019, having been played with 8 teams since the first tournament in 1990, except in 2004, 2007, 2008, and 2009, where 9 teams played. The 2004 edition featured 9 teams when Japan was promoted from Division II but no team was relegated from the Top Division in 2003, due to the cancellation of the top division tournament in China because of the outbreak of the SARS disease. Two teams were relegated from the Top Division in 2004, going back to 8 teams for 2005, but due to the success of the 9-team pool in 2004, IIHF decided to expand again to 9 teams for 2007. IIHF reverted to 8 teams after the 2009 tournament, and play continued in this format until the expansion of 2019.

Championship format
Initially, the tournament was an eight-team tournament divided into two groups, which played round-robin. The top two from each group played off for the gold, and beginning in 1999 the bottom two played off to determine placement and relegation. In 2004, 2007, 2008, and 2009 the tournament was played with nine nations, using three groups of three playing round-robin. In this format first place from each group continued on to play for gold, second place from each group played for placement and an opportunity to still play for bronze, and the third place teams played off to determine relegation. Beginning in 2011, the tournament changed the format to encourage more equal games. The top four seed nations played in Group A, where the top two teams got a bye to the semifinals, the bottom two go to the quarter-finals to face the top two finishers from Group B. The bottom two from Group B then play each other in a best of three to determine relegation. Beginning in 2019 the tournament was expanded to ten teams, bringing with it a new format. The ten teams are divided into two groups of five and play round-robin. In this format, the five teams in Group A and the top three teams from Group B move into the Quarterfinals, seeded A1vsB3, A2vsB2, A3vsB1, and A4vsA5. The bottom two from Group B now play only one 9th place game and both get relegated. As of 2021, the four teams that lose their quarterfinal games enter into a knockout tournament to determine 5th place with the winner earning a spot in Group A for the next tournament, though the 2024 tournament will not include these games.

Lower divisions
Outside of the Top Division tournament, participating nations play in groups of no more than six teams. , there are six group tiers across three divisions below the Top Division.

Introduced in 1999 as a Division I tournament and Division I qualification tournament, the number of lower divisions rapidly expanded as more national teams gained admittance. By 2003 the lower tiers were formalized into tiered groups of six teams each, called Division I, Division II, and Division III, with promotion for the top team in each and relegation for the bottom team. By 2009 it had grown up to Division V, but in 2012 the titles were changed to match the men's tournaments; Division I became IA, Division II became IB, Division III became IIA, Division IV became IIB, and Division V became IIB Qualification. Promotion and relegation remained the same after the title changes.

Rules and eligibility
The rules of play are essentially the same as used for the men's tournaments, with one key difference: body checking is not permitted in the women's tournaments. Body checking was allowed at the first championship in 1990 but has been assessed as a minor penalty at all subsequent tournaments.

In order to be eligible to compete in IIHF events, players must be under the jurisdiction of the governing body they are representing and must be a citizen of that country. Additionally, the player must be eighteen years old, or sixteen with a medical waiver, in the season the tournament takes place.

Awards
At most IIHF events, the tournament directorate awards the Best Forward, Best Defenceman, Best Goalkeeper and Most Valuable Player (MVP). At the Women's World Championship, these honours have been awarded in some combination since the first tournament, with the exception of 1997 and the cancelled tournaments in 2003 and 2020.

All-time record
as of end of 2024 IIHF Women's World Championship

Lower division tournaments
Notes:
 * Tournament cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic

title: IIHF World Women's Championship


text:
Aberystwyth Cliff Railway

The Aberystwyth Cliff Railway (Rheilffordd y Graig) opened on 1 August 1896. It is a 778 ft long funicular railway in Aberystwyth and is the second longest funicular railway in the British Isles, after the Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway. Since November 1987, the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway has been a Grade II listed structure.

The Cliff Railway was developed as an element of Constitution Hill, a Victorian business venture by the Aberystwyth Improvement Company in the 1890s. The funicular took visitors to the top of the hill, where attractions such as a camera obscura were established. The cliff railway was originally a water balance system, but it was electrified during 1921. Passengers numbers were high during its initial decades, but dropped after the outbreak of the Second World War and stayed depressed for decades. The cliff railway is now owned and run by Constitution Hill Ltd, a registered charity. It is open to passengers during the summer months, typically operating between April and October, with a reduced timetable during the rest of the year.

Location
The Aberystwyth Cliff Railway was part of the Constitution Hill development built by the Aberystwyth Improvement Company, established in 1895. It was an early theme park, consisting of arcades and restaurant at the foot of the hill, and a camera obscura and park at the top. The funicular railway was developed to transport people between the areas. Constitution Hill was designed and engineered by George Croydon Marks who also designed the pavilion for the Aberystwyth Royal Pier, and a meandering footpath as an alternative to the Cliff Railway. Around 12,000 tonnes of rock was excavated for the middle section of the footpath to accommodate a footbridge over the cliff railway. The area is surrounded by the gardens and pleasure grounds of Constitution Hill.

Design
The cliff railway was originally a cable-drawn balanced system moving a pair of cars, with a maximum capacity of 30 passengers, permanently connected via a continuous cable. When opened, it operated using a water balance system, which used a Worthington Corporation compound steam engine water pump housed in the lower station to move water to the upper station. Each passenger car had a tank in their chassis that could hold 4 tonnes of water. Water was added to the tank of the top car, which descended under gravity, hauling the lighter lower car on the parallel track to the top station.

The railway is straight, ascending about 430 ft over a horizontal distance of 778 ft, a maximum gradient of more than 1:2 (50 per cent). The gauge is, slightly narrower than standard gauge, and laid on timber sleepers.

In 1921, the railway was electrified using a 41 kW Morley DC motor. In 1934, after changes to the town’s electricity supply, a mercury arc rectifier and transformer were installed in the lower station to provide a 440V DC power output. The cars are moved using a high-tensile steel cable attached to both vehicles. It passes around a drum, mounted on a vertical axis between the tracks at the top. The motor drives the drum controlled by an automated cut-off which stops the motor and the cars when required.

Its twin carriages are named Lord Geraint and Lord Marks.

Operations
The cliff railway opened to the public in 1896; and was credited with stimulating the development of Constitution Hill as a popular leisure area.

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the cliff railway was popular with visitors but during and after the Second World War, passenger numbers declined significantly. In 1948, seeking to revive its fortunes, the Aberystwyth Pier Company bought it and carried out repairs and upgrades. The new owners were unable to increase passenger numbers.

In 1976, the railway was closed briefly on account of a fault in its braking system. During the late 1970s, a local mining company acquired a majority stake and formed the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway Company to operate it. In 1978 a new electrical system was installed which is used to the present day. It takes its power from and returns surplus energy to the National Grid.

In November 1987, the cliff railway was recognised as a Grade II listed structure. In 1998, it was purchased by Constitution Hill Ltd, a registered charity, the trustees are volunteers; all profits generated support the railway's maintenance and restoration activities. The cliff railway has received some external funding, including grants from European Union funds.

The railway is operated under a light railway order. The line is open to passengers during the summer months, typically operating between April and October, while transitioning to a limited timetable during the colder months.

The upper station was refurbished with a café and gift shop during 2005 and roof repairs were made in 2014. Ramps and other adaptations make the service accessible to wheelchair users. The ticket office at the lower station has been converted into a holiday apartment. Of the four original timber bridges constructed to carry hillside paths over the railway, three remain at the northern half of the route for foot traffic.

In fiction
The railway makes appearances in the work of author Malcolm Pryce.

title: Aberystwyth Cliff Railway


text:
File:Krzysztof Ossolinski.jpg

Krzysztof Ossolinski

title: File:Krzysztof Ossolinski.jpg


text:
User talk:Mauler

Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Mauler


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User talk:Bsaxon

Start

title: User talk:Bsaxon


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Here's to the Mourning

Here's to the Mourning is the fifth studio album by American rock band Unwritten Law, released in 2005 by Lava Records. Much of the lyrics on the album were co-written by singer/songwriter Aimee Allen. She and singer Scott Russo soon began a romantic relationship and formed the side project Scott & Aimee. Allen and Linda Perry contributed to the writing of the album's lead single "Save Me (Wake Up Call)," which reached #5 on US modern rock charts. Overall the album reached #51 on the Billboard 200, becoming the highest-ranking album of the band's career. Songs featured in racing games include “Celebration Song”, which is featured on MX vs. ATV Unleashed and Need for Speed: Underground 2. and "F.I.G.H.T" which is featured on Burnout Revenge and Midnight Club 3: Dub Edition.

Production
The band spent about eight months recording the album. When they began to record the album they were without a drummer (founding drummer Wade Youman had been expelled from the band). They were joined in the studio by Adrian Young of No Doubt and Tony Palermo of Pulley who filled in on drums for the recording, as singer Scott Russo stated in a 2005 interview: "They can both play drums really well, on top of their drumming skills, they brought really good energy to the record".

The band got along so well with Palermo that by the time of the album's release he had joined as their permanent drummer.

In a February 2005 interview on Super Request, Russo mentioned that the band started recording the album with producer Josh Abraham, but they felt that the songs were sounding dated, like their previous works, Abraham was fired after a few songs, according to Russo, they wanted the album to sound like a modern day version of Closer, the band tried to get Trent Reznor to produce, but he wasn’t available, so they ended up getting Sean Beavan, who had worked with Nine Inch Nails, Marilyn Manson, and No Doubt.

The album was also the band's last one with rhythm guitarist Rob Brewer, who was ejected from the group in March 2005.

In a 2011 interview, former guitarist Steve Morris had recalled working on the album:"'Here's To The Mourning was written when the band had a lot of interpersonal turmoil going on. None of (us) were really friends let alone a functioning professional band. We fired our original drummer during the writing process do to his personal issues with drugs and other things. And we could barely get into the studio with each other'."

Band

 * Scott Russo - lead vocals
 * Steve Morris - lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Rob Brewer - rhythm guitar, backing vocals
 * Pat "PK" Kim - bass guitar
 * Tony Palermo - drums

Additional musicians

 * Adrian Young - drums
 * John Krovoza - cello on "Walrus"
 * Tom Vos - violin on "Walrus"
 * Ben Rosen - programming

Production

 * Sean Beavan – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Josh Abraham – Producer of "Celebration Song" and "Because of You" (with Beavan)
 * Linda Perry – Producer of "Save Me (Wake Up Call)" (with Beavan)
 * Critter and Zach Barnhorst – Engineers
 * Zach Barnhorst, Jay Groin, James Murray, and Alex Pavlides – Assistant engineers
 * Brain Gardener – Mastering
 * John Michael Gill - Cover Artist, Graphics

Charts
Album

Singles

title: Here's to the Mourning


text:
Talk:Here's to the Mourning

Get up
Does anyone know why the song "Get up" was featured in the trailer for Indigo Prophecy? -- Psi edit

Fair use rationale for Image:Unwrittenlaw.herestothemourning.albumcover.jpg
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BetacommandBot 11:30, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Here's to the Mourning


text:
Sharon Lewis

Sharon M. Lewis is a Canadian television personality and film director from Toronto, Ontario. She studied political science at the University of Toronto. She was an actress and author before being the host of counterSpin on CBC Television in 2001, and then hosted ZeD, also for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. She began her career on counterSpin with a special on the September 11 attacks. She called herself an "activist," saying "it's a journalist's job to activate change through information... Who isn't passionate and is in the journalist field, otherwise I don't know what would drive you?" After leaving ZeD, Ziya Tong took over as host. Lewis subsequently established the company urbansoul inc., which promotes the art of minority women.

During her acting career, she appeared on Degrassi: The Next Generation as the mother of Jimmy Brooks, who was played by rapper Drake. She also appeared in the film Troubled Waters.

In 2017, Lewis directed her Afro-futurist feature film Brown Girl Begins, a feature film prequel to the celebrated novel Brown Girl in the Ring by Nalo Hopkinson.

Lewis is a member of Film Fatales.

title: Sharon Lewis


text:
User:FirstPrinciples/Copyrights

Multi-licensing agreement
I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

-- FirstPrinciples 00:21, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

title: User:FirstPrinciples/Copyrights


text:
Krzysztof Ossoliński

Krzysztof Ossoliński (28 April, 1587 – 24 February, 1645) was a Polish–Lithuanian szlachcic (nobleman).

He was Podstoli of Sandomierz since 1618, Podkomorzy of Sandomierz since 1619, Castellan sadecki in 1633, wojnicki in 1636, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodeship in 1638, Starost stobnicki, ropczycki and wolbromski.

Brother of Kanclerz (Chancellor) Jerzy Ossoliński, important figure in the contemporary politics of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

He was the builder of Krzyżtopór, a baroque castle that was reduced to ruin during the Swedish invasion of 1655.

title: Krzysztof Ossoliński


text:
Anserimimus

Anserimimus ("goose mimic") is a genus of ornithomimid theropod dinosaur, from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Mongolia. It was a lanky, fast-running animal, possibly an omnivore. From what fossils are known, it probably closely resembled other ornithomimids, except for its more powerful forelimbs.

Discovery
Anserimimus was found in the Mongolian aimag, or province, of Bayankhongor during a joint Soviet-Mongolian expedition to the Gobi Desert, in the late 1970s. Mongolian paleontologist Rinchen Barsbold named Anserimimus in 1988, combining the Latin anser meaning 'goose' with the Greek mimos meaning 'mimic'. Anser is the generic name of several species of geese. Although Anserimimus does not specifically resemble a goose, ornithomimosaurs have traditionally been named after different types of birds, such as Struthiomimus ('ostrich mimic'), Gallimimus ('rooster mimic'), and Pelecanimimus ('pelican mimic'). The one named species of Anserimimus is called Anserimimus planinychus. The specific name is derived from the Latin planus meaning 'flat', and the Ancient Greek ὄνυξ, onyx, meaning 'claw', in reference to the peculiar flattened claws which characterize the genus. There is only a single specimen of Anserimimus, its holotype IGM 100/300. It consists of a rather complete and articulated skeleton lacking the skull and lower jaws. Limited information has been published on the anatomy of Anserimimus, as Barsbold did not describe most of these bones, instead focusing on only those with features that set Anserimimus apart from other ornithomimids. In an unpublished thesis Robert Bronowicz in 2005 gave a detailed description of the species, also referring to additional material to it, among which a second partial skeleton, specimen ZPAL MgD-I/65. However, in 2010 Bronowicz concluded this other find, though most closely related to Anserimimus planinychus, probably represented a separate taxon.

Description
Anserimimus was a medium-sized ornithomimosaurian. Gregory S. Paul in 2010 estimated its length at 3 m, and its weight at 50 kg. Other studies suggested that the holotype was heavier, weighing up to 143.6 - 170 kg. The thighbone is 435 millimetres long.

There are several key differences between it and related species, though most of these are shared with ZPAL MgD-I/65. The claws on the hand are long, low at the back, and rather straight, only slightly curved, with the lower surface nearly flat. The forelimb is long and also built more powerfully than that of other ornithomimids, with large crests on the scapulocoracoid of the shoulder and humerus (upper arm bone), which provided attachment points for large arm muscles like the biceps. The metacarpus of the hand is fused, adding to the strength. The foot is strongly arctometatarsalian, with the third metatarsal excluded from the front surface of the metatarsus over 40% of its upper length.

Phylogeny
Anserimimus was by Barsbold assigned to the Ornithomimidae, a group of derived Ornithomimosauria. This has been confirmed by modern cladistic analysis. Its closest relative may be Gallimimus from the same formation albeit from a different area (Kobayashi & Lu, 2003; Kobayashi & Barsbold, 2005 ). Other studies have been unable specifically to determine its relationships or those of any other ornithomimids (Ji et al., 2003; Makovicky et al., 2004 ).

The following cladogram is based on Xu et al., 2011:

Paleobiology
The function of the powerful arm, with its straightened claws, remains unknown. It may indicate a different diet of food-gathering strategy than other ornithomimids, although its diet is difficult to determine, since the animal's skull is unknown. Scientists have long hypothesized that ornithomimids, descended from carnivorous theropod ancestors, were actually omnivores or even herbivores.

Paleoecology
Anserimimus was recovered from the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. The Nemegt is thought to represent alluvial plains containing meandering rivers. The layer Anserimimus was found, is dated from the early Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous, or about 70 million years ago.

Aside from Gallimimus, other theropods found in the Nemegt Formation include the gigantic Tarbosaurus and Deinocheirus, as well as smaller dromaeosaurids, oviraptorosaurs, troodontids, and birds. Herbivores are represented by the hadrosaurids Barsboldia and Saurolophus, the ankylosaurid Tarchia and several titanosaurian sauropods and pachycephalosaurians. The rock facies of this formation suggest the presence of stream and river channels, mudflats, and shallow lakes. Sediments also indicate that there existed a rich habitat, offering diverse food in abundant amounts that could sustain massive Cretaceous dinosaurs.

title: Anserimimus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Thumper (capacitor bank)

was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was

Thumper (capacitor bank)

 * Non-notable (well... maybe) science project. Del. Mikkalai 00:52, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ummm, it looks like an ad? Delete for being just a product.  There is no indication in the article that this is a special product -- just a particular product (buy here) that is a series of capacitors that can be used to demonstrate the miracle of atoms robbed of their electrons.  Geogre 05:15, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, Delete. It's a capacitor bank design. Extremely non notable. Their webpage doesn't even work... :) --Regebro 12:12, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad or promotion for a circuit design, not notable. Wyss 01:08, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. advertisement. --MPerel 19:34, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Interesting. The Recycling Troll 20:18, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I think this is worth keeping. Mark Richards 22:52, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Voted 5:2 to delete.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Denelson83/Archive page 2

Hope you'll accept my apology, I wasn't aware of that. I'd have deleted it for you but I see that's already been taken care of. - Hephaestos|§ 15:26, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Sorry about all this. I have attempted a brief explanation on my talk page. Some idiot is trying to cause trouble. — Trilobite (Talk) 23:57, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

BC Flag
Hi, Denelson83: Can you adjust the image of the BC flag? Its proportions should be 3:5, not 2:3 (as they appear to be). (The BC government's very short article on the subject is here.) -Sewing - talk 02:10, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Awesome! Thanks for your quick response!  -Sewing - talk 02:25, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Unless you do it first, I'll update the articles later that link to the old flag. -Sewing - talk 02:27, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. -Sewing - talk 02:29, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Canadian message board
I noticed that you set up a Canadian wikipedians' message board, but that it's still fairly empty. Have you contacted some of the people listed at Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Canada? Though I'm Australian myself, I like Canada, so I'd like to help get this one up and running. Ambi 09:04, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

CBC
Not sure what's up with those logos. They were left-to-right in my browser (Firefox 9, Champagne Blue skin), which is why I set up a div to make sure they were grouped and stacked. I made sure it was displaying fine by bringing it up in IE as well (IE 6, Monobook by default); it looked fine there, too, including the captions.

Perhaps you could make a posting (Village Pump?) and see how other users are loading it... Radagast 02:21, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)

Image:Vancouver Waterfront.jpg

CSD
CSD stands for Candidates for speedy deletion. They're generally things like "Can I really make a page?" or "XXXXXXXYYIIQWBI!!!!!" or the ever-popular "Josh is gay!" -- Cyrius|✎ 04:49, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Re: Vandalism of "Sailor Moon" article
I agree: If I see any more bad edits from that user or to that page, I'll do just as you suggest. Provided I don't fall asleep first. -- Hadal 07:24, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Re: I want my name red again
Done. :) I'll try to keep an eye on that IP until I log off for the night. -- Hadal 06:46, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Unverified images

Unverified images

title: User talk:Denelson83/Archive page 2


text:
Category:Federalism

Articles related to federalism as a principle of organization or system of government.

title: Category:Federalism


text:
User talk:OwenBlacker/Archive 1

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Sam [Spade] 00:50, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

That damn sauna dispute
Thanks for the links, but I have read those pages... :o)

My comment about enumerating your problems stands, I genuinely don't understand what it is that you find objectionable in the article. I do sympathise that you may find it uncomfortable to read, as the content is about a subject that you seem to find distasteful and I don't have a problem with that, but I do have a problem with what seem (to me) to be baseless objections.

I genuinely do want to try to resolve this issue to everyone’s satisfaction. I'm about to log off, I'm afraid, but (irrespective of whether or not Exploding Boy does or not) I really am more than happy to try to address issues you have with the article. — OwenBlacker 00:55, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)

I'll probably try rewriting it in a day or 2, as I hinted at. That should give you an idea if you lack one. I'd also reccomend reviewing my numerous criticisms, none of which were addressed to my satisfaction. Sam [Spade] 00:58, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I have reviewed your criticisms already, thanks. Whilst it may be late at night here, I am capable of reading the pages carefully, particularly when the discussion is becoming somewhat heated and calmer heads are required.

 * Looking yet again at your objections, they do all appear to have been addressed, to me. If you are still unsatified with the replies, perhaps you could try rewording the objections, taking into account the comments that have been made in reply to your original posts.

 * That said, if you're gonna draft a new version in a couple of days, it might be worth mentioning that on Talk:Gay bathhouse, so that everyone just shuts up and leaves you to it, so we can dicuss the two versions once you have done, as it's doubtless gonna be easier to understand your objections when we can compare the article as it is now with a version you consider to be more NPOV. I'm certainly happy to put this discussion on pause until you've done so.

 * In that regard, I'd be very grateful if you could post a message here once you've done so, in case I don't notice the edit on my watchlist. Would you mind? — OwenBlacker 01:08, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've replied on my own Talk page, as it seems silly spreading the discussion across two pages. Unless you'd prefer that we keep them separate for easier notification? Your call, feel free to mention it in any response you make on my Talk: page. Good night! :o) — OwenBlacker 01:12, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * Heh... Your rather a quick learner, eh? I sense that you've done this before? How is it that you are familiar with the wiki so fast? Sam [Spade] 01:19, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * *blink* I've been using Wikis for years, mate! Just only been lurking on here until recently... :o) — OwenBlacker 01:22, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)

Thats what I was thinking. Anyways what I Like best is when we keep the conversation all on one page, like this. Then you can cut and paste the whole convo to my page when you want to say something, or sometimes start a new thread. Sam [Spade] 01:28, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Seems fair to me... OwenBlacker 07:41, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)

Maybe this is the point where bygones should be bygones, and Sam should switch his vote to an abstention? I mean, since the vote has raised so much ire and all. TheCustomOfLife 22:50, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * what vote are you refering to? The FAC vote is over, bath house lost, raul decided it. An article w that much debate simply cannot be FA material. If its any consolation, an article I have had a great deal of involvement w is prob about to lose its featured article status (Political Correctness). Sam [Spade] 23:10, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * It didn't help that you stalled the vote for as long as you did. TheCustomOfLife 01:12, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Quite. "That much debate" would usually tend to mean a relatively large number of people objecting to the FA status, rather than one user blocking it for reasons of personal taste, rather than anything relevant to the quality of the article. At the moment, I see no reason why the article shouldn't be renominated as FAC. — OwenBlacker 07:50, Jun 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I do. It'll again receive the electronic filibuster treatment. TheCustomOfLife 14:05, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, if there are other objections (which means it's hardly filibustering, tbh ;o)

 * Could I ask you, please, to enumerate your concerns, either on Talk:Gay bathhouse or on the FAC archive page, so that we may address them? Thanks. — OwenBlacker 14:44, Jun 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * Sam's tactics were filibustering. From the Wikipedia definition:

 * A filibuster is an extremely long speech that is designed primarily to stall the legislative process and thus derail a particular piece of legislation, rather than to make a particular point per se. The term first came into use in the United States Senate, where senate rules permit a senator or a series of senators to speak for as long as they wish on any topic they like.

 * I mean, there is a time limit here, but the sentiment really is the same.

 * I don't want to get into this debate. It's very circular. I was just voicing my support/opposition, if that makes any sense. However, if you wish to quote me over on those pages, you may. TheCustomOfLife 23:42, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, I know Sam was filibustering; I meant that if they're actual objections, then it wouldn't be. If you have any specific issues, please do voice them (here, if you'd prefer not to do so there); otherwise, I'm not sure I see the point of voicing your opposition — we can't leave an NPOV header there indefinitely, surely? :o) — OwenBlacker 23:45, Jun 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * No, I totally understand. My objection is a personal one and I will not stand in the way of the article becoming featured. I mean, I don't like many things, but if an article was well-written (like this article is), why object? Featured articles are encouraged to be controversial...it ensures interest, and interest is key. TheCustomOfLife 01:23, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Ah, fair enough (sorry, too much indenting messes with my head). I'd be interested to know the nature of your objection, if you don't mind sharing...? Thanks for contributing to the debate, either way :o) — OwenBlacker 01:27, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * It's a personal objection to the subject matter and not to the article itself. I should have clarified that and separated the two from the beginning. TheCustomOfLife 01:29, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. Do you not think that sexual material should be included in the encyclopædia? Anyways, I'm off to sleep; ¡Hásta mañana! OwenBlacker 01:31, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, to a point. I don't know. I know I wouldn't write for them...not really by choice, but because I'm a total virgin and don't know jack about sex and positions and whatnot. Again, I chalk it all up to a lack of experience, and maybe my personal view on bathhouses will change. I don't think so, but never say never. TheCustomOfLife 01:34, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, could be. I dunno, some mores tend to change as one gets older and becomes more sexual, some don't. It's hardly important, I think — different strokes for different folks, innit. — OwenBlacker 01:53, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oi, mate, I thought you were going to bed. It must be pretty late by now. Not that I'm doing anything important, either. Just watching an Edge of Night rerun. TheCustomOfLife 02:54, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I've not been sleeping well recently (and Wikiholism ain't helping]] ;o) — OwenBlacker 10:28, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * It's been the exact opposite for me. If anything, I've been sleeping too much. Just this morning I woke up at 9:30 and could barely keep my eyes open. After a valiant thirty-minute struggle, I went back to bed and slept until 11:00. TheCustomOfLife 16:28, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Lol, I did something similar myself. Feeling a little better for having called in sick and slept most of today — OwenBlacker 22:09, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

Good for you.

I decided to stop the indentations again...or at least start new ones. Are you sick? If you are, I'm sorry to hear it and I hope you get better. :) TheCustomOfLife 23:05, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Karpinski
From the BBC article you provided me on my talk page (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3810791.stm): "She said her successor had told her that prisoners were like dogs."

She was never told to treat the prisoners like dogs. Another person told her that prisoners were like dogs, or that they should be treated like dogs. She was never, however, told that SHE should treat them like dogs, nor was commanded to treat them like dogs according to the BBC article you gave me, and the BBC article referenced in the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse article. From that article, it says: "Gen Karpinski was in charge of the military police unit that ran Abu Ghraib and other prisons when the abuses were committed." I also saw on TV yesterday that the reason she says she is a scapegoat is that although she was in charge of the military police unit that ran the prison, she was NOT in charge of the interrogation unit which is said to have commited most of the "crimes", according to what we know, and according to what she has said. Again, the quote that is all over the news:

"He said they are like dogs and if you allow them to believe at any point that they are more than a dog then you've lost control of them."

"He said they are like dogs...", NOT "She was told to treat them like dogs".

I have written this very quickly and I hope I didn't miss anything. Thanks for asking for more detail, but try to check the references yourself and figure out why I did what I did. Always good to question other people's edits though.

Dgrant 03:12, Jun 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah yes, that's the quote I remember. Ok, you're right, fair enough; I retract.  Thanks for checking it out, though.  :o) — OwenBlacker 09:47, Jun 17, 2004 (UTC)

A section of my own!
Hi. Long time... Mike H 15:46, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Heya; sorry, really busy with lots of stuff (and was about to log off from WP and go do some actual work. Working from home today, as we have a tube strike, so I can't get to the office.  Working from home is great, but means I get distracted so much more easily...  :o(  — OwenBlacker 16:14, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm here. Will be for most of the summer. :-P Mike H 20:42, Jul 1, 2004 (UTC)

BtVS
Category:Buffy episodes is a subcategory of Category:Buffy, and generally you wouldn't duplicate entries in both. -- Curps 02:40, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah cool; didn't realise it was that clever. Thanks for letting me know :)  OwenBlacker 09:20, Jun 25, 2004 (UTC)

Wikification
Dear Owen, thanks for your message. We evidently have a lot of shared interests, which is why we find ourselves editing the same articles. Regards Adam 02:17, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * I was not aware that there was a policy against putting a line between the heading and the text, and also that in the new format it makes no difference anyway. I got into habit of making this change because it looked horrible in the old format, but I will now desist.
 * At TRNC, you put Turkish proper nouns such as Lefkoşa in italics. This is fundamentally wrong as style. Foreign words and phrases should be italicised, but not proper nouns. We italicise comment va tu? but not Paris.
 * On dewikification, I am strongly of the view that wikifying common nouns is ugly and pointless. I think it is also contrary to policy, although I can't cite a policy to that effect. If it's not it ought to be, because Wikipedia is not a dictionary. At TRNC, for example, you wikified kilometre, capital, government, democracy, military, airport and June. None of these are technical or obscure terms or specifically relevant to the article. Why not wikify every word in every article?

 * Thanks for getting back to me (and sorry if I sounded crabby, I had a really bad day yesterday). Fair enough about the headings, it was just one of the policies I noticed a while ago and it's frustrating when people undo things you've taken time over ;o)

 * I thought the only proper nouns I'd italicised were translations of things that were immediately preceded (or followed) by the English; I'm thinking of the party names and so on — I'd've thought "Temsilciler Meclisi" should be italicised when it follows "House of Representatives" in the text (ergo similarly "Lefkoşa") and also the local name of the country, though I guess we'll have to agree to differ on that one. There's some italicisation I'd definitely prefer to see in the article, but I sha'n't revert your reversion until we're both at least vaguely happy with the balance.

 * Immediately before posting last night's note on your Talk: page, I took a look at the two most relevant policy pages (Build the web and Make only links relevant to the context) so neither of us is really working against a policy, just a personal preference, hence the disagreement, I guess. My feeling is that hyperlinks should point to dates (because of the dateformat preference thing) and (on the first instance only) terms that might not be familiar to a reader — hence I'd hyperlinked km² and Non-Aligned Movement, for example. Looking at the diff, I am willing to accept that there are a few terms that I really didn't need to wikify, perhaps, but I don't think I went overboard.

 * I agree completely that wikifying every word in a sentence is not only ugly, but stupid too (and damn difficult to type ;o) but it just feels arrogant (to me) to assume that a reader will know about the Non-Aligned Movement, for example. I tend to try to write things the way I would expect my (13yo) younger brother to want to find them — cultural references and terms for which he might want more information should be hyperlinked, things he ought know (or at least be able to grasp from the context) prolly shouldn't.

 * I don't think we're massively out of agreement here, I'd just like us to get to some kind of middleground, so that neither of us ends up pissing each other off with our edits! *GRIN*

 * Thanks again for replying, I'd be interested to read your thoughts on my reply, so that we can each try to get to a place where we can each bite our tongues a little, perhaps, but generally be happy with the resolution. — OwenBlacker 13:10, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)

Big Bang
Looks like your edit went a bit awry and duplicated most of the article. I've taken that stuff back out but you may want to check your intended changes got in. With all that additional text the diff function doesn't work too well! EddEdmondson 08:50, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Eek! I previewed it and everything looked fine; how odd. Thanks for sorting that out; it looks like my edits came through fine to me. — OwenBlacker 09:59, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)

Re: Coca-Cola's nomination as a featured article
I have refactored the article to accomodate your suggestions on WP:FAC. I hope you could provide input on the article as it is now and where it could use work. Thanks. Johnleemk | Talk 12:58, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Updated comments on the FAC page; I now support. — OwenBlacker 20:09, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)

Meta Religion Lists
Owen,

I am a Catholic and I am an Anglican. I am not a Protestant and I object strongly to you reclassifying me as such on Meta.

--BozMo|talk 09:34, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * See BozMo's Talk: page and m:Talk:List of Wikipedians by religion for follow-up to this. Unless BozMo wants to keep it all on this page, in which case feel free to move the item hither. — OwenBlacker 19:46, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * don't mind where but it seems all reasonably sorted anyway. thanks for help. --BozMo|talk 20:58, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Re: Dashes
Hehe. Thanks for the kind words.

Yeah, if you look at my list of contributions, an awful lot of them include (or consist only of) typography fixes! I'm a stickler for proper punctuation and typographical usage. Most people don't even know that different dashes exist, much less know how to use them... ...sigh... -- tooki 03:38, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I know. I feel sorry for all those people who just don't get typography *giggles* — OwenBlacker 07:46, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * Ahhh, ha ha ha, I just saw that you are also a fan of Eats, Shoots and Leaves — my mom sent me a copy for my birthday (which required her to recruit a vacationing British co-worker of hers to send me a copy from England to the U.S., about 3 months before the book was released here in the States). I was so glad to read that I'm not the only one who cringes when he sees "FOR CAT'S AND DOG'S" and the like! -- tooki 02:52, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * It is indeed a fanatastic book... :o) — OwenBlacker 12:32, Aug 17, 2004 (UTC)

Template:Spoiler
Discussion moved to Template talk:Spoiler. — OwenBlacker 08:56, Aug 16, 2004 (UTC)

Numerals/ Words
I think that the use of numerals should be curtailed in formal writing. I only find them appropriate for measurements, dates and indications of large quantities (as in "220 persons," etc.) -- Emsworth 18:55, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I know what you mean, but every style guide I've ever seen suggests words should be used up to and including ten, but numerals beyond that. I can't find an appropriate entry in a quick glance at Fowler's Modern English Usage, but the Wikipedia Manual of Style suggests the same, as does The Economist and The Guardian. I'd quite like to revert the change, if that's ok? — OwenBlacker 19:15, Aug 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, newspapers follow the practice of using numerals for numbers less than ten, as recommended by the Associated Press Style Guide in the US, to save space. The Chicago Manual of Style recommends using words for numbers up to one hundred. Several other sites suggest that numerals should not be used whenever the number can be written out in words (obviously, this would mean that numerals should not be used up to one hundred, and also for other numbers such as three hundred or ten million). See: Numbers in Writing, Gude to Punctuation (Univ. of Sussex). -- Emsworth 19:59, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * That's as maybe, but most newspapers over here tend to use numerals over ten and only over ten and the the Wikipedia Manual of Style does suggest the same. Someone else mentioned the same thing further up on your Talk: page too. I need to go offline now, but can we take it to Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) and try to get consensus? :o) — OwenBlacker 20:07, Aug 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * A debate on the matter has already begun. It has been proposed that the Manual of Style be appropriately amended. -- Emsworth 20:18, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Category:History of Wales
Nice work on categorizing the history of Wales. However, I see you removed it from Category:History of England. My justification for this is that the Principality of Wales was part of the Kingdom of England from the late 13th century (de facto; or 1536 de jure), and so Welsh history is part of English history. Is this controversial or problematic? Gdr 13:39, 2004 Aug 24 (UTC)

 * Heh thanks, does it show I was a little bored earlier and our development servers aren't working? ;o)
 * Yeah, I guessed that would be something like the justification, it just grated when I read it. As they're both subcats of Category:History of Great Britain, I don't think Category:History of England should be there. The arithmetic, as it were, is England + Wales + Scotland = Great Britain (and GB + Ireland or NI = UK), so it just didn't feel right. Most articles in Category:History of Wales are likely also to be in Category:History of England, it just felt unquantifiably wrong to have Welsh history as a subcategory of English history.
 * Does that make sense? It might just be me being POV, as I'm certainly non-neutral on the issue, so feel free to see if there's consensus for restoring the relationship.
 * And thanks again! :o) — OwenBlacker 14:02, Aug 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * You might want to look at WikiProject History which talks about the rationale for when the history of A is part of the history of B. I wrote that section, and it doesn't represent any kind of consensus, so your thoughts would be appreciated. Gdr 14:49, 2004 Aug 24 (UTC)

 * Ok, I might just be nicotine-deficient (gonna go do something about that now), but I'm not sure I follow. The only reference that struck me there that might suggest Category:History of Wales should be a subcat of Category:History of England was the chart, which confused me somewhat. That wasn't helpful of me, was it? :o( — OwenBlacker 15:48, Aug 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * The crucial bit is the sentence "a geographical subdivision includes the categories for its parts; a historical subdivision includes the categories for its predecessors." Hmm. It's not very clear, is it?

 * My point is that Category:History of England is representing two categories which confusingly have the same name: the history of the geographical region now called "England", and the history of the political entity known as the "Kingdom of England" and its predecessors. The history of Wales is part of the latter but not of the former.

 * I'll think about how to improve the wording. Gdr 16:22, 2004 Aug 24 (UTC)

 * Aaah, I follow now. I dunno; to me, accepting that things that happened in Wales are part of the History of England just because we were annexed feels a little dubious (and contentious). Hungary was part of the Austrian Empire (before the Ausgleich created the state Austria–Hungary); would we describe something that happened in Budapest as being part of the History of Austria? I guess analogy is gonna be the best way to get my head round it.
 * Feel free to opine on it now, but I'll try to give it some thought. – OwenBlacker 16:35, Aug 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well indeed. The history of Hungary is part of the history of Austria-Hungary, which is part of the history of Austria. And vice versa. That's what happens when national histories get entangled... Gdr 18:48, 2004 Aug 24 (UTC)

 * Yeah, ok. I think you've convinced me. For now… :o) — OwenBlacker 19:16, Aug 24, 2004 (UTC)

New Zealand
Thanks for the recent improvements to several pages. But hardly useful to add "people" to "Mana tangata: profiles of well-known Maori" - the word "Maori" is similar to the words "Irish" ("The luck of the Irish") and "Swiss" ("Time is the art of the Swiss") in its usages and is regularly used in standard NZ prose (even in Court of Appeal judgments) on its own as above or after words such as "the", "many", and "all" to mean "Maori people". Kind regards - Robin Patterson 13:39, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Support
Thank you very much for your support during my recent run for adminship. I haven't heard from you in a really long time. I wish you wouldn't be a stranger. Email me sometime. Mike H 00:27, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)

UEA
To be honest I'm afraid I can't really remember what they were building behind Norfolk Terrace. I was also a Waveney person, but Norfolk was rather more photogenic in the snow, I thought. The biggest change recently has been the overhaul of The Hive / Union House, which they began at the end of last year and should - in theory! - have finished over the summer. I suppose I'll see tomorrow when I head back up for the start of my Third Year... Angmering 16:27, 13 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Woodford
Hello Owen.... regarding Woodford Green... I understand why you´ve removed the links ..I pondered a lot over this too.. I just wanted to bring all the Woodfords together under one "roof"... this is difficult because Woodford is part of London (E18) and also Essex (IG8)... when I lived in the area ..I refered to it as Woodford Green..but outsiders from the London area tend just to use the name Woodford as they don´t understand the area....

even so I think it would be best to split it so Redbridge >> Woodford>> Woodford Green + South Woodford E18 + Woodford Bridge... what do you think?? greetings from Berlin IsarSteve 15:10, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I can see what you mean, but I'm not sure; I'd suggest that Woodford's one place and Woodford Green's another (with its own article already), so they should be two separate articles, with links to each other. See what WikiProject London has to say on the matter, perhaps?
 * (Though I'd say that IG8 is still in London, personally. But that's cos I live in IG1 and get fed up with people calling me an Essex boy… ;o)
 * Thanks, Greetings back from Ilford! — OwenBlacker 15:45, Oct 19, 2004 (UTC)

Anglo-Saxon wikipedia
Hello Owen, welcome to the Anglo-Saxon wikipedia. Note that the wikimedia system apparently doesn't support cross-wiki redirects, so your talk page on ang doesn't redirect here automatically. --Saforrest 19:25, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oops; I forgot you need not to put the colon at the start. Fixed now, thanks! :o) OwenBlacker 22:11, Oct 29, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:OwenBlacker/Archive 1


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Fords Farm

Fords Farm in West Berkshire is a suburb of Reading in the English county of Berkshire.

Location
Fords Farm is a housing estate between Beansheaf Farm and Calcot Place at Calcot in the civil parish of Holybrook in West Berkshire. It is close to the border with the town and borough of Reading. Fords Farm lies south of the Bath Road.

History
From 1894, Fords Farm was in the civil parish of Theale. Before that it was in the parish of Tilehurst. The historic Calcot Mill is on the Holy Brook at Fords Farm in an area previously known as Calcot Green.

title: Fords Farm


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Tina Molinari

Tina R. Molinari (born October 25, 1956) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. She was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2003, serving as an associate minister and member of the Cabinet in the government of Ernie Eves. As of 2007, she works as a Justice of the Peace.

School trustee
Molinari served as president of a local Parent Teacher Association, and was elected to the York Catholic District School Board in 1988. She served as chair of the board from 1994 to 1998, and was also given a Catholic School Trustees Association Trustee Award of Merit in 1998.

Provincial politics
Molinari was elected to the Ontario legislature in the provincial election of 1999, defeating Liberal candidate Dan Ronen in the riding of Thornhill. Molinari's bid for election was almost derailed early in the campaign when one of her pollsters asked constituents how they felt about being represented by a candidate who was the son of a Holocaust survivor (Ronen's father had survived internment at Auschwitz, and Thornhill has a large Orthodox Jewish population). She overcame this controversy, however, and defeated Ronen by 343 votes.

Ernie Eves replaced Mike Harris as Premier of Ontario on April 15, 2002, and he appointed Molinari as an Associate Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing with responsibility for urban affairs.

There were some who believed that Molinari would be re-elected in the provincial election of 2003, because of her party's support for a tax credit to parents who send their children to private or denominational schools. This issue was important to some members of Toronto's Jewish community, and Dan Ronen even chose to endorse Molinari for re-election because of her party's stand on this single issue.

While she polled better than most other Tories in the Greater Toronto Area, Molinari was not able to overcome a provincial shift to the Liberals and lost to local councillor Mario Racco by 796 votes.

Later life
In 2004, Molinari was appointed to a post in Catholic Missions in Canada. Some regarded this appointment as controversial, given Molinari's pro-choice views on abortion. She has organized and hosted an annual fundraiser to raise funds for Catholic Missions within Canada.

Molinari campaigned for the Ward Four council seat in the 2006 Vaughan municipal election, and lost to Sandra Yeung Racco, the wife of the former Thornhill MPP who unseated Molinari in 2003.

On May 18, 2007, Ontario's Attorney General Michael Bryant announced Molinari's appointment as a justice of the peace.

title: Tina Molinari


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CICE

CICE may refer to:

 * A previous call sign for TVOntario
 * CICE (sea ice model)

title: CICE


text:
CICO

CICO is the abbreviation of:

 * Chongqing International Construction Corporation, a Chinese construction and engineering company
 * One of TVOntario's call signs
 * Calorie in, calorie out

title: CICO


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Porto Judeu

Porto Judeu is a freguesia ("parish") in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo on the island of Terceira in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 2,501, in an area of 30.27 km2. It contains the localities Banda da Canada, Cruz, Cruz do Canário, Porto Judeu de Baixo, Porto Judeu de Cima, Refugo and Ribeira do Testo.

In Portuguese, Porto Judeu means "Jewish Port". In the past other common names were Porto Judeu de Santo António ("Jewish Port of Saint Anthony") and Porto do Judeu ("Port of the Jew").

Notable People
Peter Francisco - American patriot and soldier in the American Revolutionary War

title: Porto Judeu


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Max Wall

Max Wall (born Maxwell George Lorimer, 12 March 1908 – 21 May 1990) was an English actor and comedian whose performing career covered music hall, films, television and theatre.

Early years
Wall was born Maxwell George Lorimer, son of the successful music hall entertainer Jack (Jock) Lorimer, a Scottish comedy actor from Forfar, known for his songs and dancing, and his wife Stella (born Maud Clara Mitchison). He was born near the Oval, at 37 Glenshaw Mansions, Brixton Road, London SW9. In 1916, during a World War I air raid, Max and his elder brother Alex were saved from death by a cast-iron bed frame, but his younger brother Bunty and their Aunt Betty, who was looking after them, were killed by a bomb dropped from a German Zeppelin which also destroyed their house.

Max and Alex went to live with their father and his family, whilst their mother went to live with Harry Wallace, whom she had met on tour. When their father died of tuberculosis in 1920, aged 37, their mother married Harry Wallace, and they all moved to a pub in Essex.

Early career
Wall auditioned for a part with a touring theatre company, and made his stage début at the age of 14 as Jack in Mother Goose with a travelling pantomime company in Devon and Cornwall featuring George Lacey. In 1925 he was a speciality dancer in the London Revue at the Lyceum. He became determined not to rely on his father's name, so abbreviated Maxwell to Max, and his stepfather's name Wallace, to Wall.

He is best remembered for his ludicrously attired and hilariously strutting Professor Wallofski. John Cleese has acknowledged Wall's influence on his own "Ministry of Silly Walks" sketch for Monty Python's Flying Circus. After appearing in many musicals and stage comedies in the 1930s, Wall's career went into decline, and he was reduced to working in obscure nightclubs. He then joined the Royal Air Force during World War II and served for three years until he was invalided out in 1943.

Wall married dancer Marion Pola and the couple had five children. In an interview with the family in the mid-1950s, Tit-Bits magazine wrote: "The kind of private jokes you find in all the nicest families flourish with the Walls. After Max and his wife, Marion, had their first son, Michael, it seemed kind of natural to make a corner in names beginning with 'M', and there are now Melvyn (aged nine), Martin (nearly five) and the four-month-old twins Meredith and Maxine. ... In the same way, because the Walls, like other couples married during the war, were eventually thrilled when they found a house with four walls of their own, they decided to call it just that, only Martin arrived and made it 'Five Walls'."

In a rare outing to the musical stage he played Hines in the original London production of The Pajama Game, which opened at the London Coliseum in October 1955 and ran for 588 performances. In that year he began an affair with Jennifer Chimes, the 1955 Miss Great Britain. He divorced his wife and married Jennifer in 1956. The relationship attracted widespread press condemnation. In 1957 Wall experienced mental health issues that affected his work. Jennifer and Max divorced in 1962.

Re-emergence
In 1966, he appeared as Père Ubu in Jarry's Ubu Roi, and in 1972 he toured with Mott the Hoople on their "Rock n' Roll Circus Tour", gaining a new audience. Wall re-emerged during the 1970s when producers and directors rediscovered his comic talents, along with the expressive power of his tragic clown face and the distinctive sad falling cadences of his voice. He secured television appearances and, having attracted Samuel Beckett's attention, he won parts in Waiting for Godot in 1979 and Krapp's Last Tape in 1984. His straight acting gained him this review in 1974: "Max Wall makes Olivier look like an amateur in The Entertainer at Greenwich Theatre...".

He also appeared in Crossroads (as Walter Soper, 1982 to 1983), Coronation Street (as Harry Payne, 1978) and what was then Emmerdale Farm (as Arthur Braithwaite, 1978). He played ex-con Ernie Dodds in Minder in 1982, with George Cole.

Later work
Wall played one of the inventors in the 1968 film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and in 1977 he was seen as King Bruno the Questionable in Terry Gilliam's film Jabberwocky. In the 1970s and 80s, Wall occasionally performed a one-man stage show, Aspects of Max Wall, in which he recaptured the humour of old-time music hall theatre.

On 1 April 1977, Wall's version of Ian Dury's song "England's Glory" (which featured in Dury's stage show Apples) was issued on Stiff Records (BUY 12), backed with "Dream Tobacco" and given away with the album Hits Greatest Stiffs. Wall also appeared onstage with Dury at the Hammersmith Odeon in 1978, but was poorly received, and said "They only want the walk".

In 1981, Wall played "Ernie", a central character in the 'Minder' TV series episode "The Birdman of Wormwood Scrubs".

Between 1982 and 1984 he appeared as Tombs in the BBC Two adaptation of Jane based on the Daily Mirror comic-strip character and filmed with similar "comic-strip frames". In the second series his place in the castlist was upgraded to second, after Glynis Barber. He also appeared in Thames Televisions 1978 12 part series, Born and Bred, as retired music hall legend Tommy Tonsley, trying with various degrees of success, to keep his huge south London family in line. Unfortunately, this little gem is largely forgotten and there are no plans to release a DVD or re-show on TV.

His last film appearance was in 1989 in the 12-minute film A Fear of Silence, a dark tale of a man who drives a stranger to a confession of murder by answering only "yes" or "no" to his questions; those two words, repeated, were his only dialogue. The film won a gold award in the New York Film and TV Festival.

Death
On the afternoon of 20 May 1990 Wall fell at Simpson's-in-the-Strand in central London, fracturing his skull. He was conveyed by ambulance to Westminster Hospital in an unconscious state, but never regained consciousness, and died there early in the next morning, at the age of 82. His body was buried at Highgate Cemetery.

Wall had four sons, Michael, Melvyn, Martin and Meredith, and a daughter, Maxine.

Legacy
There is a Max Wall Society, which aims to perpetuate his memory. In 2006 the Society placed an unofficial blue plaque on Wall's birthplace in South London.

title: Max Wall