text:
Talk:Tony Hatch

Birthdate
Note: A web search for Hatch's birthdate gives the date 30 June, but sources differ giving the year as 1939 or 1940. Does anyone have clues or info on which date is more likely or has better evidence? Wondering, -- Infrogmation 16:28, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * What is your source for June 30? I have found three on-line bios, one of which states 1939, but no specific date; the other two, including Hatch's official website, list no birthdate at all.  1939 seems likely, as that would put him at 16 when he left school in 1955. 64.12.117.13 23:37, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The imdb is one of a number of web sites listing 30 June. I did web searches for ["Tony Hatch" born] and ["Tony Hatch" birthday], and found various relevent results (along with the not strictly relevent hits, of course). Those that gave a day gave June 30th, but did not all agree on the year. A web search for ["Tony Hatch" 1939] and ["Tony Hatch" 1940] will show some other relevant results. -- Infrogmation 17:55, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Anthony Peter Hatch, the elder child of Cyril and Eileen Hatch, was born in 1939 not 1940. A reliable source is the General Register Office index of births. This can be inspected at the Family Records Centre or online at some genealogy websites. Tony's birth was registered in the third quarter of 1939. The index entry on page 85 includes the correct maiden name of his mother. Records for 1940 have no similar entry so there is no ambiguity.

I hope the text will be updated and perhaps replaced with "1939, sometimes incorrectly quoted as 1940." Otherwise we could miss future landmark birthdays of this remarkable musician. Argon. Argoniser 15:21, 26 August 2007 (UTC) [Insertion in my contribution removed. Argon] Argoniser (talk) 00:50, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

Old talk for version listed on Copyright problems
Note: User:SFTVLGUY2 reverted from the copyright violation notice with the comment "Revert to original; no copywright infringement, as I authored source article!". The source artice] credits it to "by Mick Patrick". The Spectropop front page states "Spectropop text contents & copy; copyright Spectropop unless stated otherwise. All rights in and to the contents of these documents, including each element embodied therein, is subject to copyright protection under international copyright law. Any use, reuse, reproduction and/or adaptation without written permission of the owners is a violation of copyright law and is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved."

SFTVLGUY2, could you please clarify the situation? Are you "Mick Patrick"? Do you have written permission from the Spectropop copyright holders to release this text under GFDL? -- Infrogmation 19:28, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I wrote this article for a now defunct website about British pop music several years ago, and until the Tony Hatch entry was deleted due to possible copywright infringement, I had no idea it had been appropriated by Spectropop - and published with a different by-line and most definitely without my permission! I have contact Spectropop but not surprisingly have yet to receive a response.  No matter what the Spectropop front page states, they have no legal right to my writing.  Just because a website declares "all rights reserved" doesn't mean they actually have those "rights" in the first place. This, however, is the problem with "copyright law" where the Internet is involved - how does one enforce it?  If so inclined, how does one take legal action?  The fact is, I am NOT Mick Patrick, but neither is Mick Patrick the author of MY article, and I do not need written permission to use my own text as I see fit!  If Wikipedia chooses not to use it, that's your decision, but you will be allowing yourselves to be ruled by "pirates" who are hiding behind a sham declaration. TOM 13:49, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Interesting situation! Hm, for help with legal problems, perhaps you could ask at the Reference desk or the Village Pump? Do you have any evidence to back up your assertion that you own the copyright and the website which claims to have it does not? I fear you've made some possibly dubious assertions as to copyright status on Wikipedia in the past, so some evidence would help-- a screenshot or cache of the defunct website where this first appeared? What was its name? Had you been aware that Specropop was violating your copyright and that your article was on the web credited to someone else before the copyvio notice went up here? Would you like some other folks to email or write to Spectropop? I'd be willing to email them asking about the source of their article if you think that might help. Pondering, -- Infrogmation 19:52, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * You persist in accusing me of making "possibly dubious assertions as to copyright status on Wikipedia in the past," even after I have explained that my errors were made as a newcomer and not a malicious vandal. I wrote the Tony Hatch article at least three years ago for a website called BritPopStarz, which as I said is now defunct (and has been for at least a year, if I recall correctly). I had kept a copy in my files. I also clearly stated that I had no idea it had been appropriated by Spectropop until the copyvio notice was placed here, so why are you asking me again??? You can have the Pope contact Spectropop for all I care, since I doubt they're going to admit to copyright infringement.  If they had any scruples, they wouldn't have stolen my work in the first place.  As I said previously, just because it's on their site doesn't mean they were authorized to put it there - by me, at least.  Who knows who this "Mick Patrick" is or what he told them regarding authorship.  Perhaps Spectropop innocently accepted it as original from him. Is he going to admit to them he stole it from another source? Not likely. All I know is the work is mine.  If you want it, fine - if not, I will put an end to my contributions to Wikipedia, since I don't need to spend long hours researching and writing only to be accused falsely of plagiarism for my efforts.  Thank you. TOM 20:53, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi. I commented on your presumed newcomer mistakes on your talk page. Back to the matter at hand, if I can do something to be of assistance in establishing that it is the Spectropop page which is in error in asserting copyright over the text rather than you, I'll be glad to lend a hand. -- Infrogmation 22:31, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article structure
I feel the article needs to be split into different section so it is easier to read. It looks terrible at the moment. - Erebus555 17:00, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Hi, tried to do that. I did it in a way that required almost no re-writing on my part, and the relocation of only one small paragraph. That way, I did not really change the article (which is on a subject others know far more about than I), but simply made it easier to "leaf through". Only sore spot right now is that I lack the necessary imagination to give the sections I've created meaningful and useful titles. The titles I've chosen are only to be understood as "placeholders" for better titles, which I hope will be found by someone else, soon. Otto von B (talk) 01:24, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 16:42, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Copyright problem
In this edit, material was introduced to this article from |HATCH&sql=11:knfyxqr5ld6e~T1. (See, for example, the material on David Bowie.) Other material added by this contributor may also be unusable (see CCI). While the article has been subsequently edited, unfortunately the material was not removed but incorporated into subsequent edits, and it remains an unauthorized derivative of that work. It either needs to be completely rewritten or restored to the version prior to the copyvio. I've blanked the article to give interested contributors an opportunity to determine how best this should be resolved. It will be revisited by an administrator after about a week. If a new version is not presented, restoration to earlier is likely. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 01:58, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Could we just revert now, for readers' sake, and make other changes as appropriate? The Hatch article gets over 1800 hits in a typical month, and Hatch himself hasn't done anything to merit being associated with wrongdoing. Regards, Piano non troppo (talk) 09:39, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, certainly. I've restored it to the last clean. --Moonriddengirl (talk) 13:01, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Blessings upon you. Piano non troppo (talk) 17:58, 4 January 2010 (UTC)

Push a Little Button
Someone has created a redirect (Push a Little Button) which points here. But this article fails to mention the song. JonH (talk) 10:55, 27 February 2010 (UTC)

Comparison with Simon Cowell
Could it go in the article that a television programme once mentioned that when he was on New Faces, he was the Simon Cowell of his day - another scary person on television? ACEOREVIVED (talk) 20:31, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

Redirection
Why, when I click on hyperlink 'Fred Nightingale' in article Sugar_and_Spice_(The_Searchers_song), I'm redirected to the present article?

At the risk of being obvious:

Put standard Wiki note 'You have been redirected to this article' at the top of the page, stating in that statement the reason for the redirection.

I don't doubt that the reason is legitimate, and perhaps it is made clear in the article below. But I don't have the patience to pore thru the article empirically to find it.

Cordially,

Jimlue (talk) 00:41, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tony Hatch


text: User talk:165.139.179.2

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:165.139.179.2


text:
Heartbeats Accelerating

Heartbeats Accelerating is the sixth album by Kate & Anna McGarrigle, released in 1990. It was their first album in eight years, after Love Over and Over in 1982, and received favourable reviews from many music critics.

Bill Dillon, Pierre Marchand, Joel Zifkin and Kate's son Rufus Wainwright appear as guest musicians.

The title track was covered by Linda Ronstadt on her 1993 album Winter Light. It was given a New Age treatment in the vein of Enya and became a worldwide hit. Issued as a single, Ronstadt's version of the song reached the Top 30 at the Adult Contemporary format in America, number 12 on Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart in the United States, and peaked at number 17 on Canada's RPM 100 Hit Tracks (the Canadian equivalent of the Billboard Hot 100). Aided by a romantic music video, it was also successful in several other countries, including Australia.

The song "I Eat Dinner (When the Hunger's Gone)" was covered in 2004 by Kate's son Rufus Wainwright along with Dido for the film Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason and it appears on the soundtrack album.

Cœur de pirate covered the album's title track on the soundtrack album for the fifth season of the television drama series Trauma.

Emmylou Harris included a cover of the song "Love Is", with backing vocals by Kate and Anna, on her 1989 album "Bluebird" - 2 years before it was included in the McGarrigle's own album.

Track listing

 * 1) "Heartbeats Accelerating" (Anna McGarrigle) – 3:38
 * 2) "I Eat Dinner (When the Hunger's Gone)" (Kate McGarrigle) – 4:54
 * 3) "Rainbow Ride" (Anna McGarrigle, Philippe Tatartcheff)– 4:38
 * 4) "Mother Mother" (Kate McGarrigle) – 4:20
 * 5) "Love Is" (Kate McGarrigle, Anna McGarrigle, Jane McGarrigle) – 4:40
 * 6) "D.J. Serenade" (Philippe Tatartcheff) – 4:10
 * 7) "I'm Losing You" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:49
 * 8) "Hit and Run Love" (Anna McGarrigle) – 4:08
 * 9) "Leave Me Be" (Kate & Anna McGarrigle)– 5:17
 * 10) "St. James Hospital (Cowboy's Lament)" (Traditional; arranged by Doc Watson) – 2:59

Personnel

 * Anna McGarrigle – vocals, keyboards, drum (5).
 * Kate McGarrigle – vocals, accordion, piano, guitar, banjo, keyboards.
 * Yves Gigon – drums (1, 3, 9), percussion (3, 5).
 * Daniel Gigon – bass (1, 3).
 * Michael Breen – guitar (1, 2, 7).
 * Joel Zifkin – violin (1, 7, 9).
 * Pierre Marchand – keyboards, accordion, vocals (7).
 * Bill Dillon – guitars (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9).
 * Michel Dupire – percussion (3, 9).
 * Jason Lang – guitars (4, 8).
 * Marc Langis – bass (3, 6).
 * Norman Barsalo – bass (5).
 * Richard Mischook – guitar (6, 8).
 * Rufus Wainwright – vocals (7).
 * Pat Donaldson – bass, guitar (9).

title: Heartbeats Accelerating


text: Template:Election-stub

title: Template:Election-stub


text:
David Helvarg

David Helvarg (born April 10, 1951) is an American journalist and environmental activist. He is the founder and president of the marine conservation lobbying organization Blue Frontier Campaign. He is also a participant in the Seaweed rebellion, an informal marine environmentalist activist movement. He is an author; his writing is often related to marine environmental activism, such as his second book, Blue Frontier. His first book, The War against the Greens, argues that violent organized resistance is being orchestrated against the environmental movement.

Helvarg began his career as a freelance journalist, became a war correspondent, then returned to news journalism. He writes about politics, AIDS, and sea life. He has reported from every continent and been widely published. His experience of military conflict, civil conflict and marine biology is the basis of his lobbying.

Early life
Helvarg was born April 10, 1951, in New York City, the son of refugees; his mother left Nazi Germany and his father escaped civil war in Ukraine. He grew up on Long Island, where he became a civil rights and anti-war activist. He attended Boston University and earned a bachelor's degree in history from Goddard College in Vermont, in 1974.

Journalism
While still a student, Helvarg traveled to Northern Ireland in 1973. The civil warfare known as "The Troubles" was at a height, and Helvarg submitted reports on the conflict to the Liberation News Service. Helvarg focused on the role of women in the conflict, and highlighted allegations that agents of the British government had participated in sectarian murders. After graduating from college, he moved to San Diego to work as a freelance journalist. He published "Ireland Diary; A Day in the Life" in the underground publication San Diego Door, and wrote for the weekly newspaper San Diego Newsline.

From 1979 to 1983, Helvarg covered the U.S. role in Central American conflicts, initially as a radio reporter for The Associated Press and Pacifica Radio in Nicaragua and El Salvador. His exclusive reports included combat coverage of the first town to fall to Sandinista rebels, the first delivery of U.S. gunships to El Salvador, the first visit to Contra camps in Honduras, and the last interview with Sister Ita Ford before her murder by the Salvadoran military. He was arrested by the Salvadoran army and deported from El Salvador in 1983 while reporting on a massacre of civilians.

After returning to California, he qualified as a private investigator, and resumed freelance writing. He wrote reports on underwater technology, articles about John Hoagland after conducting the photographer's last interview, and an interview with Jonas Salk. Helvarg became increasingly involved in television production, although he continued his freelance career. Throughout the late 1980s, his television topics were dominated by AIDS education, particularly for the Hispanic community.

In the early 1990s, he began to research the conflict between the US free-market environmentalist group Wise Use and the green movement, which was eventually published as The War against the Greens in 1994. The Wise Use movement alleged that the US environmentalist group Sierra Club commissioned Helvarg to write the book as an anti-Wise Use tirade and that his sponsors also sponsored a road show to tie Wise Use to an alleged far-right terrorist network. The same article described him as "a private investigator" without mentioning his role as a journalist.

A visit to Antarctica in 1999 became material for several articles and books, and a daily log was published in Slate, the online news magazine. His professional exposure to green activism and his ocean sports activities intersected in marine conservation, which became his focus. While researching his second book Blue Frontier—Saving America's Living Seas (2001), Helvarg concluded that marine conservation needed its own focal point for activism in the United States, so he moved to Washington, D.C., and founded a lobbying organization: the Blue Frontier Campaign. He also became a member of the board of Reef Relief, a more specific marine conservation advocacy group, about which he had made a television documentary in 1994.

Helvarg attracted attention in early 2005 for a newspaper article in which he addressed comments made by conservative Christians (particularly James Dobson of the Focus on the Family) regarding perceived homosexual tendencies of SpongeBob SquarePants due to an explanation of the sexual biology of ocean life (Los Angeles Times January 26, 2005). In response to suggestions by Dobson and others that the We Are Family Foundation was exploiting popular animated characters, including SpongeBob, to promote the acceptance of homosexuality among young people, Helvarg described the "immorality" in the oceans.

The Golden Shore - California's Love Affair with the Sea
The Golden Shore "The Golden Shore" (in imprint of St. Martin's) 2013. "Boy, I loved this book. David Helvarg captures, in a really readable way, the quirky and head-over-heels love we have for our seas." - Ted Danson.

"Having lived in California for forty-four years, I was surprised by how much I learned from David Helvarg's book The Golden Shore. It blew my mind.  If you have the same love affair for the beautiful California coast and ocean as I do, this marvelous and compelling book is a must-read." - Jean-Michel Cousteau.

Saved by the Sea -- A Love Story with Fish
"Saved by the Sea"(an imprint of St. Martin's) 2010. Ocean Explorer Sylvia Earle says, "This book has the power to change the way you think about the world, about yourself, and the future of humankind." Helvarg writes what he knows about the changes in his life and our Ocean world over the last half century.

"Rescue Warriors - The U.S. Coast Guard, America's Forgotten Heroes" (St. Martin's 2009)
Robert Kennedy Jr. says, "David Helvarg's terrific new book takes you to the cutting edge of adventure as he rides along with the men and women of the U.S. Coast Guard. This in-depth and lively look at the history and changing missions of America's 'Rescue Warriors' should be considered a must-read for anyone who loves the water or cares about the safety, security, and stewardship of our nation from sea to shining sea." Bill McKibben writes, "They say that 'I'm from the government and I'm here to help' is the ultimate oxymoron. But as this vivid book makes powerfully clear, in the case of the Coast Guard it's the simple truth.  Stow this volume next to the chart case."

"50 Ways To Save the Ocean" (Inner Ocean, 2006)
Sylvia Earle writes, "Combining wisdom and humor, scientific accuracy and artistic genius, Helvarg and Toomey show why the ocean matters to us all...Everyone, from toddler to tycoon, can find inspiration for action in this must-have guide to ocean care." "This is a great book - it makes saving the oceans fun and doable (which it is, by the way)" adds actor Ted Danson "This book is an important guide for the public to saving our oceans." - Leon Panetta, former chair - Pew Oceans commission & co-chair of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, former Director of the CIA, current United States Secretary of Defense.

The War against the Greens
Helvarg's book The War against the Greens (1994) describes organized opposition to the environmental movement in the United States. He investigated the Wise Use movement, which he characterizes as a network of anti-environmentalist groups. Wise Use aims to facilitate extensive use of natural resources and to privatize the National Park Service. The first edition explored the origins of the organization in 1988 and its covert support by the administration of U.S. President George H. W. Bush. Helvarg identified its funding and the multinational corporations and other powerful figures with which it was associated. He catalogued the use of violence that he believed to be organized by the movement against environmental activists, and the ineffective response of law-enforcement agencies. A revised edition published in 2004 extended this to cover the early years of President George W. Bush's administration.

Wisconsin Stewardship Network News described it as a book that "provides a fascinating and frightening insight into the violent fringe of the anti-conservation Wise Use movement [… and recommends it] in its entirety to readers who want a detailed examination of the origins, development and violent tendencies of Wise Use." The opposing view was put by Jesse Walker who, reviewing the book for American Enterprise, wrote that it "offers environmentalists a conspiracy theory to account for the populist backlash against their movement". Helvarg had accused Wise Use of astroturfing; Walker described his book as "a weapon in a propaganda war".

War against the Greens is widely cited by activists inside the environmental movement (for example Community Rights Counsel and Land Tenure Center ) and gave rise to numerous rebuttals from Wise Use and its supporters (including Ron Arnold).

Blue Frontier—Dispatches from America's Ocean Wilderness
Helvarg's second book, Blue Frontier— Dispatches from America's Ocean Wilderness (2001, revised 2006), was named on the Los Angeles Times "Best Books of 2001" republished in 2006. In it Helvarg explores the effects of human activity in general, and of commerce and policy in particular, on marine life. He postulates a trend towards destruction, and suggests that it is possible to reverse this. He then describes some of the people and groups that are working to preserve or enhance the marine environment.

This book prompted Senator John Kerry to observe that "David Helvarg underscores the full measure of the challenges before us: If we hope to explore the Blue Frontier, we must travel cautiously, repairing the damage we have done, understanding before we exploit, and always preserving the natural systems that have created it." It was also one of the catalysts for the establishment of the Blue Frontier Campaign and has become a definitive text for US marine conservation (characterized as 'the Seaweed rebellion').

The Ocean and Coastal Conservation Guide
Helvarg is the editor of Blue Frontier Campaign's first major publication: The Ocean and Coastal Conservation Guide (2005), a directory for those interested in the protection and restoration of United States coastal lands and waters. Blue Frontier Campaign plans to publish a new edition of the guide every two years.

This reference book lists over 2,000 organizations involved in the conservation of the oceans and coastal areas that border the United States. Each entry includes contact information and a brief description of that organization's activities. The directory is divided into four listings: a geographical listings of groups; relevant government agencies; academic marine programs; and marine and coastal parks, and protected areas.

Feeling the Heat
Helvarg contributed two chapters to Feeling the Heat—Reports from the Frontlines of Climate Change (2004): Chapter Eight 'Australia, Florida and Fiji: Reefs At Risk' and Chapter 10 'Antarctica: The Ice is Moving' are about threatened ecosystems.

The book is a development of a suite of articles that appeared in the October/November 2000 edition of E/The Environmental Magazine. The publishers "aimed to move beyond the scientific debate […] to document […] the evidence for a changing climate". Each chapter is a first person account of places threatened by global warming. According to Helvarg, warming waters are killing the world's coral and threatening the extinction of Australia's Great Barrier Reef and the reefs around the Florida Keys, while the rising waters threaten to engulf the entire ocean nation of Fiji. In Antarctica he observed scientists measuring the krill population and concludes that the reduction that they found is a consequence of increased water temperatures.

Broadcasting
Helvarg has produced more than 40 television documentaries broadcast by PBS, The Discovery Channel, and others. His 1986 documentary Sex Inc. was the highest rating show broadcast on the San Francisco PBS station KQED. Other documentaries focused on the military, politics, health and environmental topics. He is a commentator for the National Public Radio station Public Radio International's program Marketplace.

His first documentaries drew upon his experiences as a war correspondent in Northern Ireland and Central America. When he moved to San Francisco he was commissioned to produce programs about AIDS awareness for the Hispanic community and these led to other documentaries about Hispanic health. In 1989 Globe TV commissioned a program about Greenpeace to coincide with the launch of the new Rainbow Warrior vessel. This brought Helvarg into contact with green activists, with whose cause he found he sympathized. He would return to green themes in 1991 and 1992 but in the meantime he continued to make series about health, and topical news. From 1992 onwards his energies were focussed on environmental programming with some health commissions.

As of 2005 he continues to plan a series of documentaries about ocean stewardship to support the work of the Blue Frontier Campaign.

Blue Frontier Campaign
In 2003 Helvarg founded the marine conservation activist organization Blue Frontier Campaign, of which he became the president. Originally entitled the "Ocean Awareness Project", the Campaign has established a nationwide network of grassroots lobbyists. It is campaigning for an American Oceans Act to protect what the members call "our public seas" and is working to improve local, state, federal and global policies on marine conservation. Helvarg writes articles and books on its behalf. He edited the 2005–2006 Ocean and Coastal Conservation Guide and (with Philippe Cousteau and 'Sherman's Lagoon' cartoonist Jim Toomey, the book, '50 Ways to Save the Ocean' and has organized several conferences: in Washington, D.C., in July 2004 and March 2009 and at the National Aquarium in Baltimore in April 2005 and San Francisco in 2005. These conferences brought together activists, academics, officials, and politicians in a series of seminars. The Campaign is based in Washington, D.C., and the San Francisco Bay Area where Helvarg lives.

Awards
Helvarg won his first national award in 1988 when he won an Emmy for community service in recognition of his work on AIDS Lifeline, a networked television AIDS awareness campaign. His subsequent awards include two National Association for Interpretation awards for Interpretive Communications (in 1989 and 1991), the Nike Earthwrite Award (1997), a National Health Information Award (1999) and a CINE Golden Eagle Award (1999). In 2005, Coastal Living magazine gave him their Leadership Award. In 2007 he won the Herman Melville Award.

Television and video works

 * 1982: Where The Bombs Are, Internment Memories, and Where Are They Now? (KFMB CBS, San Diego).
 * 1983: Reports from Central America (Swedish TV Channel One), Soldiers & Rebels (PBS National), and Amphibious Assault (KFMB CBS, San Diego).
 * 1985: Each One, Teach One (Coalition of Hispanic Health).
 * 1986: In The Shadow of Marcos, Sex, Inc., and Navy Town. (KQED, San Francisco).
 * 1987: John Hoagland — Frontline Photographer (PBS), Zap, and Troubled Waters (KQED, San Francisco).
 * 1988: Critical Condition and Sexual Roulette (AIDS Lifeline — Group W Syndication), Coming of Age (Coalition of Hispanic Health & Human Services) and John Hoagland — Frontline Photographer (Discovery Channel)
 * 1989: Warriors of the Rainbow, Alex de Grassi's Music of Bolivia, and Treasure of Tiwanaku (Globe TV, A&E Channel) and Net Profits (KQED, San Francisco, MacNeil-Lehrer News Hour).
 * 1990: Passive Smoking, Couples And Money, Handicapped Kids Go High Tech, and Inoculations Make Sense (Special Reports, Whittle) and Al Giddings Gear and Crime Lab (The Next Step, Discovery Channel).
 * 1991: Traffic 2010 and Beat the Back-Up (KPIX CBS San Francisco), Nuclear Nightmare and Driftnet Pirates (Geraldo Rivera's Now It Can Be Told), and Who Bombed Judi Bari? (KQED San Francisco PBS & KCET Los Angeles PBS).
 * 1992: Las Medicinas y Usted (Council On Family Health), Green For Life (KRON NBC San Francisco) and BDF — The Baja Expedition (Pacific Coast Marine).
 * 1994: Wildlife Crime Lab, Seattle Spokes, Reef Relief and Clean Air Cabs (PBS National).
 * 1995: Heroes of the Earth — Choi Yul's Korea (Golden Gate Productions) and Para Vivir Bien (Coalition of Hispanic Health & Human Services).
 * 1996: Predator Friendly Wool (PBS National) and La Tardeada (Coalition of Hispanic Health & Human Services).
 * 1997: International Rivers Network and Rainforest Action Network (Video News Releases).
 * 1998: Demuestra tu Carino: Vacuna a tu Bebe (Coalition of Hispanic Health & Human Services).
 * 1999: Antarctica's Giant Petrels and Antarctica — Cold facts on Climate Change (both for CNN).
 * 2002: Blue Frontier (Video News Release).

title: David Helvarg


text:
Beluga caviar

Beluga caviar is caviar consisting of the roe (or eggs) of the beluga sturgeon Huso huso. The fish is found primarily in the Caspian Sea, which is bordered by Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. It can also be found in the Black Sea basin and occasionally in the Adriatic Sea. Beluga caviar is the most expensive type of caviar, with market prices ranging from 7000 to 22000 $/kg.

Harvesting
The beluga sturgeon is currently considered to be critically endangered, causing the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to ban in 2005 the importation of beluga caviar which originated in the Caspian Sea and Black Sea basin. In 2006, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) suspended all trade made with the traditional caviar-producing regions of the Caspian and Black Seas (Beluga, Ossetra and Sevruga), (Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine) due to the producing countries' failure to apply international regulations and recommendations. Caviar from Iran is exempted from the ban. Iran is considered by CITES to practise effective conservation and policing of its fisheries. In January 2007, this ban was partly lifted, allowing the sale of 96 tons of caviar, 15 percent below the official 2005 level. CITES maintained the 2007 quotas for 2008, drawing criticism for doing little to protect the declining sturgeon population.

The beluga sturgeon can take up to 20 years to reach maturity. The fish harvested for caviar are often nearly 900 kg. The eggs themselves are the largest of the commonly used roes, and range in color from dark gray (almost black) to light gray, with the lighter colors coming from older fish, and being the most valued.

The most expensive caviar is "Almas", a golden caviar produced by very rare female albino sturgeon between 60 and 100 years old, which swims in the southern Caspian Sea near Iran where apparently less pollution exists. Very few of the albino variety are left in the wild since the lack of melanin is a genetic disorder that only affects a few members of the species. A kilogram (2 lb 3 oz) is regularly sold for £20,000. Any additions by producers diminish the value of the roe, and the caviar usually reaches the market without any additions or processing whatsoever.

Legality
In 2005, the United States made it illegal to import beluga caviar and beluga sturgeon into the country, because of the animal's endangered status. However, caviar from beluga hybrid species are still for sale in the country. Many other countries allow for the import and export of beluga sturgeon caviar, as the fish has started making a comeback in recent years. Widespread farming and conservation efforts have allowed wild populations in the Caspian to redevelop.

In July 2016, Sturgeon Aquafarms in Bascom, FL became the first and only facility in the world to obtain a permit exemption for the trade in beluga sturgeon and its caviar in the USA. Since 2017, Sturgeon Aquafarms has assisted in beluga sturgeon repopulation efforts across the world by providing over ~160,000 fertilized beluga eggs to the Caspian Sea region.

Service
As with most caviars, beluga is usually handled with a caviar spoon made of mother of pearl, bone, or other nonmetallic material, as metal utensils are said to impart an unwelcome metallic taste to the delicate roe. Beluga caviar is usually served by itself on toast, unlike other less expensive caviars that can be served in a variety of ways, including hollowed and cooked new potatoes, on blini, or garnished with sour cream, crème fraîche, chopped onions, or minced hard boiled egg whites. These items can, however, be served with beluga as palate cleansers.

title: Beluga caviar


text:
Talk:Rayonnoceras

paragraph about Actinocerid history
This paragraph about actinocerid evolution seems out of place:
 * "Originating in the Ordovician, by the Devonian period Actinocerids became rare; perhaps they were unable to compete with the more compact and maneuverable coiled nautiloids and ammonoids and cope with the arrival of jawed fish. Rayonnoceras was among the last of the actinocerids, which finally died out in the Carboniferous."

These details had more relevance when Rayonnoceras and other carbactinoceratids were classified as actinocerids. My inclination is to move the paragraph to the Actinocerida article, but of carbactinoceratids are pseudorthocerids, then even this may only be a footnote of historical interest. Any thoughts? Cephal-odd (talk) 05:35, 13 September 2009 (UTC)

Habit
Rayonnoceras, especiall; larger adults, were most likely bottom dwellers, ambush preditors and were not swimmers in any sense like squid or fish. The large, heavy, rigid shell would have been too much of an impediment for such a habit. There is no reason to equate them with squid, other than they perhaps had 10 arms or tentacles. Since they are not part of the direct line that lead to belemnites and coleoids (along with ammonites) there is no reason to conclude they died with in a 3 or 4 year lifetime after mating and laying eggs for the first time. They are phylogenetically probably just as close and possibly closer to Nautilus than they are to squid and octopods. Nautilus lay broods of eggs annually once reaching sexual maturity after several years and live anywhere from 15 to 20 years.  There is no reason to assume Rayonnoceras did not do the same. Regards to all you cephalophiles J.H.McDonnell (talk) 02:39, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rayonnoceras


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Jane McGarrigle

Laury Jane McGarrigle (born 26 April 1941) is a Canadian songwriter, musician and music publisher, known mainly for her work with her younger sisters, singers Kate & Anna McGarrigle. She is the co-author of a book about the three sisters' childhood and musical experiences.

Early life
McGarrigle grew up in Montreal, Quebec, with her sisters Kate and Anna.

Career
When McGarrigle's younger sisters formed a singer-songwriter duo, Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Jane wrote and performed several songs with them. She produced their album Love Over and Over.

The song "Love Is", which she co-wrote, has been recorded by Nana Mouskouri, Emmylou Harris, and Renato Russo (who also recorded the co-written "Man Is an Island"). She served as her sisters' music manager for a time, and also managed producers Pierre Marchand (Sarah McLachlan) and Robbi Finkel (Cirque du Soleil) and the group Three O'Clock Train.

McGarrigle co-composed, with her sisters, the scores to the Canadian film Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller and its sequel The Return of Tommy Tricker.

She appeared in the 1999 film The McGarrigle Hour, a collection of concert footage.

McGarrigle is a member of the Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (SOCAN) and served on its board of directors from 1990 to 2000. Until recently, she was also on the board of the Songwriters Association of Canada. In 2013, she was part of a SOCAN representative group for a streamed panel, "Can the Music Industry be Saved?"

With her sister Anna, she co-authored Mountain City Girls, a family memoir published in 2015 by Random House Canada. The book contains stories about the childhood and musical careers of the three sisters.

title: Jane McGarrigle


text: User talk:129.241.32.155

title: User talk:129.241.32.155


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File:Mcgarrigle-heartbeats.jpg

CD cover

title: File:Mcgarrigle-heartbeats.jpg


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Christopher John Boyce

Christopher John Boyce (born 16 February 1953) is a former American defense industry employee who was convicted of selling United States spy satellite secrets to the Soviet Union in the 1970s.

Early life
Boyce is the son of Noreen Boyce (née Hollenbeck) and former McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Corporation Director of Security Charles Eugene Boyce. Along with his three brothers and five sisters, Boyce was reared in Southern California, in the affluent community of Rancho Palos Verdes, a suburb southwest of Los Angeles.

In 1974, Boyce was hired at TRW, an aerospace firm in Redondo Beach, California. Due to his father's position at McDonnell Douglas, Boyce was able to obtain employment.

Espionage

Within months, Boyce was promoted to a highly sensitive position in TRW's "Black Vault" (classified communications center) with a top secret security clearance, where he worked with National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) transmissions.

Boyce claims that he began getting misrouted cables from the CIA discussing the agency's desire to depose the government of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in Australia. Boyce claimed the CIA wanted Whitlam removed from office because he wanted to close US military bases in Australia, including the vital Pine Gap secure communications facility, and withdraw Australian troops from Vietnam. For these reasons, John Pilger, Australian journalist and author, has written that US government pressure was a major factor in the dismissal of Whitlam as Prime Minister by the Governor General, Sir John Kerr, who according to Boyce, was referred to as "our man Kerr" by CIA officers. Through the cable traffic Boyce saw that the CIA was involving itself in such a manner, not just with Australia but with other democratic, industrialized allies. Boyce considered going to the press, but believed the media's earlier disclosure of CIA involvement in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état had not changed anything for the better.

Instead, he gathered a quantity of classified documents concerning secure US communications ciphers and spy satellite development and had his friend Andrew Daulton Lee, a cocaine and heroin dealer since his high school days (hence his nickname, "The Snowman"), deliver them to Soviet embassy officials in Mexico City, returning with large sums of cash for Boyce (nicknamed "The Falcon" because of his longtime interest in falconry) and himself. According to a book that Boyce and his wife co-authored, the information was not valuable to the Soviet Union.

Exposure
Boyce, then 23, was exposed after Lee was arrested by Mexican police in front of the Soviet embassy on January 6, 1977. His arrest was "almost by accident": Lee was arrested for littering. During his harsh interrogation, Lee, who had a top secret microfilm in his possession when arrested, confessed to being a Soviet spy and implicated Boyce. Boyce was arrested ten days later on 16 January, when the FBI found him hiding out at the shack he was renting near Riverside, California. He was convicted on eight counts of espionage on 28 April 1977,  and sentenced by federal district judge Robert Kelleher on 12 September to forty years in prison, initially at Terminal Island, then the Metropolitan Correctional Center in San Diego. On 10 July 1979, he was transferred to the federal penitentiary in Lompoc, California.

Escape
On 21 January 1980, Boyce escaped from Lompoc. While a fugitive, Boyce carried out 17 bank robberies in Idaho and Washington, hoping to pay for passage to the Soviet Union, and adopted the alias of "Anthony Edward Lester".

According to Boyce, he studied aviation, not to flee to the Soviet Union as some suspected, but to rescue Daulton Lee from Lompoc.

On 21 August 1981, Boyce was arrested by U.S. Marshals while eating in his car outside "The Pit Stop," a drive-in restaurant in Port Angeles, Washington. Authorities had received a tip about Boyce's whereabouts from his former bank robbery confederates.

Return to prison
On 26 January 1982 in Los Angeles, Boyce was convicted of escape from federal prison in a nonjury trial before U.S. District Court Judge Lawrence Lydick, a proceeding which lasted three minutes. The following week he was flown to Idaho and was arraigned in Boise, where he pleaded not guilty to charges related to multiple bank robberies.

That spring, Boyce appeared before Judge Harold Ryan in U.S. District Court in Boise and was sentenced to three years for his escape and 25 years for bank robbery, conspiracy, and breaking federal gun laws. Given an aggregate total sentence of 68 years, he was transferred to United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth in northeastern Kansas.

Later that year, Boyce gave a television interview to Ray Martin for Australia's 60 Minutes about the dismissal of Whitlam. After this he was assaulted by fellow inmates, an attack he believed was orchestrated by prison guards. After the attack, he was transferred to USP Marion in southern Illinois, where he was held in isolation.

In April 1985, Boyce gave testimony on how to prevent insider spy threats to the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations as part of its Government Personnel Security Program.

With support from senators, he was transferred out of solitary confinement in 1988 to the Minnesota Correctional Facility – Oak Park Heights near the Twin Cities. At this prison in January 1993, Boyce was almost killed by Earl Steven Karr, a mentally ill fellow inmate and convicted pipe bomber. Karr had planned to blind Boyce with a mace-like concoction after luring him into his cell, then electrocute him using a homemade electric shock prod fashioned out of a rod and newspaper. The plot failed when Karr slipped on a puddle of mace, allowing Boyce time to escape.

Boyce was transferred in 1998 to ADX Florence, the supermax facility in Colorado west of Pueblo; he believed this was punishment for a newspaper article he had written. In 2000, he was transferred to FCI Sheridan in Oregon, northwest of Salem.

Release and subsequent life
Boyce was released from prison on parole on 16 September 2002 after serving a little more than 25 years, accounting for his time spent outside from the escape. Shortly thereafter he married Kathleen Mills, whom he had met when she was working as a paralegal spearheading efforts to obtain parole for Lee. After her success with Lee, she turned her attention to securing parole for Boyce as well, and the two developed a personal relationship. Boyce is on good terms with his father and eight siblings, and was with his mother as well until her death in 2017.

In 2013, Boyce published a book titled American Sons: The Untold Story of the Falcon and the Snowman, which mainly discusses his time in prison and relationship with his wife, Kathleen, and writer Vince Font. At that time, he was living a relatively quiet life where he has resumed his participation in falconry as a frequent pastime. When interviewed at the time his book was released, Boyce expressed support for the actions of Edward Snowden in exposing information about the United States government's surveillance programs.

In popular culture
The story of their case was told in Robert Lindsey's best-selling 1979 book The Falcon and the Snowman. This book was turned into a film of the same title in 1985 by director John Schlesinger starring Timothy Hutton as Boyce and Sean Penn as Lee.

Lindsey's initial book was followed by The Flight of the Falcon: The True Story of the Escape and Manhunt for America's Most Wanted Spy (1983), an account of Boyce's escape from prison and subsequent bank robbing spree.

title: Christopher John Boyce


text:
Siófok

Siófok (Fock; Fuk) is a town in Somogy County, Hungary on the southern bank of Lake Balaton. It is the second largest municipality in Somogy County and the seat of Siófok District. It covers an area of about 124.66 km2 (48.13 square miles) between Lake Balaton, the Mezőföld and the Outer Somogy-Hills. Lying at the firth of the Sió Channel, it serves as the most important logistic station for goods between Lake Balaton and the River Danube.

The town is Hungary's second most popular holiday destination (after Budapest) due to its 17-kilometre-long (11 miles) coast, over 1,000 hotels, and plenty of bars, restaurants and nightclubs. Siófok is one of the richest municipalities of Hungary due to tourism. Hungarians often call the town "the capital of Lake Balaton", as it is the largest town on its shores and acts as the financial, cultural, media, commercial and tourist hub of the northern part of Somogy County and the southern shore of Lake Balaton.

Etymology
Fuk was first mentioned as a village name in 1137 among the taxpayer communities. In the Tabula Hungariae (published in 1528) it appears as Fok. The word composition Siófok has been in use since 1790.

Ancient times
The area of today's Siófok was already inhabited during the Roman Empire. The Roman conquest came here in the 1st century AD. The town lay on the route leading from Sopianae (today Pécs) through Tricciana (today Ságvár) to Arrabona (today Győr). According to recordings of Sextus Aurelius Victor from the 3rd to 4th century AD, Emperor Galerius built a sluice in 292 AD to drain the Lacus Pelso (the Latin name of Lake Balaton) in the area of Siófok and cleared forests.

Middle Ages
After the Hungarian Conquest, the settlement is mentioned in the Tihany Abbey's founding letter from 1055 as the following: "Rivulus namque, qui dicitur Fuk fluens" which means that a small brook, also called Fuk (today Sió) comes from the Lake Balaton. It also states that people had a passage through an older bridge and a ford as well.

After the Second Mongol invasion of Hungary, Fok was resettled.

In 1552, the Ottoman Empire took Fok and his surroundings. Siófok became a military outpost of the Ottomans who also built a fortress there. The Siófok Castle stood on the Granarium Hill near the place where the hospital is located today. Two years after the Siege of Buda (1686) the region was liberated from the Ottoman occupation. Fok became the property of the Chapter of Veszprém, who settled people there, and in 1693 built a wooden church for them.

Habsburg times
At the time of Rákóczi's War of Independence, the famous Sió Defence Line of János Bottyán ended at the Fortress of Siófok. 1705 Francis II Rákóczi, Prince of Transylvania, donated a seal to the village which serves today as the coat of arms of Siófok.

The Baroque parish church was built in honor of the Immaculate Conception in 1736.

Major industrial progress began in the settlement during the 19th century. From 1810 the Transylvania-Adria Mail Coach Route already ran through Siófok. The first independent post office operated there since 1867.

Water regulation began in 1810 in the village. Then, based on the idea of József Beszédes, a water engineer, the bed of the Sió was cleaned, mills were re-operated, the water level of Lake Balaton dropped by one meter, recovering 51,000 acres of land from the water of Lake Balaton, and a further 6,000 acres of free land was created on the area of the Sió.

The establishment of the Balatoni Gőzhajózási Részvénytársaság ("Balaton Steam Shipping Company") in 1846 brought a significant change in the life of the settlement. Lajos Kossuth, who personally wrote the charter of the business association, and István Széchenyi as the president of the company played a huge role in it. In the same year, on September 21, the first steamboat on the Lake Balaton, Kisfaludy was released into the water.

In 1861 the railway between Buda and Nagykanizsa was officially opened. The train station was completed in 1863 (although the train stopped there since 1861), and a year later, the first port protected by pier was built. In the same year, a new sluice on the Sió was opened, to control the water level of Lake Balaton. The wooden sluice was replaced by an iron one in 1893. The settlement was awarded the rank of market town in 1865, which meant a permit for holding national fair. At that time, Siófok was still small with 200 houses and 1,500 residents.

In Siófok, or as many people called it at that time, Zsidófok (zsidó meaning "Jew" in Hungarian, according to sources, it was more a descriptive than a pejorative expression) once lived a large number of Jewish community. At the beginning of the 1860s, their number was 347, with 70 merchants living here, who played a major role in making the city an attractive resort in Europe.

In 1866, the first advertisement of the settlement was published in the Zala-Somogy Bulletin entitled Balatontavi Fürdő Siófok. Ignác Vég' tenant made a 12-year bathing lease contract with the Chapter of Veszprém, which has been extended for another 12 years. Built in 1878, the Magyar Tenger ("Hungarian Sea") bathhouse, created according to the plans of the Neuschlass construction company, in Swiss style, with an ornate façade, a hundred-person lounge, large windows that looked at the water, a double-deck viewing room, eighty bath cabins.

The Chapter of Veszprém began to parcel plots in 1885 and the construction of today's bathing area began. It is an interesting attraction of the Balaton landscape that the majority of the first villa owners were painters: Mór Than, Pál Vágó, Tivadar Feledi-Flesch (Mihály Zichy's son-in-law) and Artúr Tölgyessy's villa were in Siófok at this time.

In 1888 Gábor Baross granted state aid for the reorganization of the Balatoni Gőzhajózási Részvénytársaság ("Balaton Steam Shipping Company"). In 1889, the new passenger ship, the Kelén, was launched, and in 1891 Helka and the new Kelén were completed.

In April 1891, the Siófok Balatonfürdő Rt ("Siófok Balaton Bath Corporation") was founded which redeemed the bath rights from the Chapter of Veszprém and bought a 60 acre area to build houses and parks. From 1884 to 1905, the leader of the company was Henrik Glatz, founder of Franklin Irodalmi és Nyomdai Rt. Major hotels opened: Sió, Hullám, and later the Central Hotel.

In 1900, the Balatoni Halászati Részvénytársaság ("Balaton Fishing Company") started its operations. In the same year, the horse racing venue was built with a stand for 1,500 people. The town was also the destination of the most visited swimming and tennis competitions at Lake Balaton.

Because of its busy lifestyle, Siófok became a popular place of residence for several Hungarian artists and actors (e.g. Frigyes Karinthy, Gyula Krúdy, Árpád Latabár, Gyula Kabos).

In 1904 the new railway station building was completed. On October 23, 1906, the railway connection with Kaposvár was established through the Mocsolád-Tab-Siófok railway.

During the world wars
In August 1919, Siófok stood at the center of national politics for a short time, after Miklós Horthy, preparing for the suppression of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, moved to the area of Siófok and established his headquarters there.

At the end of World War II, the settlement was heavily damaged because the frontline got stuck for two months there.

During World War II, nearly 500 Jews were deported in 1944, of whom only 72 returned.

Soviet era
In 1947, within the framework of the construction works of the Sió Channel, the new sluice was completed, which made it possible for ships to move through. From 1950, the settlement belongs to Somogy County and in the same year it became a district seat.

On December 31, 1968 Siófok became a city. Before that, the 400-bed hospital was built, and then the cultural center and town library. In 1971, the M7 motorway from the direction of Budapest reached the settlement. Later, Siófok became the most famous corporate holiday destination.

After 1989
After 1990, a local newspaper and open-air local television began to operate in the city. The first high-speed telegraphy World Championship was hosted in Siófok in 1995.

Geography
In Siófok, the canal Sió flows out of the lake.

Climate
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (humid subtropical climate).

Economy
Although Siófok is known for its tourism and service sector there are some companies working in production. Several smaller firms and farmers are in the agricultural industry, especially in fruit production. The town's famous products are the Sió fruit juices in several tastes. Their producer is the Sió-Eckes company (part of the German Eckes).

The Hungarian stationery producer SOMOGY REHAB, the Hungarian aluminium tent manufacturer Alutent, the Hungarian water supply infrastructure manufacturer Kristály, the Hungarian ready-mixed concrete producer TBG Interbeton (part of the Mexican Cemex) and the Hungarian plastic manufacturer Kaona are all based in the town.

The Norwegian cable producer Kongsberg Automotive and the Hungarian gas transport infrastructure manufacturer OV Industries have production facilities here.

Most of the companies can be found in the town's industrial park, Adria Ipari Park.

Siófok is home to the headquarter of Bahart (Balatoni Hajózási Zrt, Balaton Shipping Company) which is the owner and operator of 11 sailing ports around Lake Balaton (Balatonföldvár, Balatonszemes, Balatonlelle, Balatonboglár, Fonyód, Szigliget, Badacsony, Balatonfüred, Csopak, Alsóörs and Siófok), as well as provider of scheduled cruise ship voyages, ferries, water taxis and organizer of regattas.

Services and public transportation
Siófok is reachable by train through the main Railway station or by regional buses operated by DDKK. Siófok-Kiliti airport is a small local airport serving only smaller airplanes. The city has 8 local buslines (2, 2K, 3, 4, 7, 16, 61, 64) which run every day and are operated by DDKK.

Demographics
{| style="border-style: none;"

The majority of the residents are Hungarian (77.6%). Notable minorities are Germans (1.9%) and Romani (1.7%). Others are all under 1%. The religious affiliation of the population shows a Catholic (Roman Catholic (39.9%) and Greek Catholic (0.4%)) majority, a Calvinist (7.7%) and a smaller Lutheran (1.9%) minority, while 13.3% is irreligious.

Sports

 * BFC Siófok – football team
 * Siófok KC – EHF Cup winner women's handball team

Literature
Siófok appears in numerous literary works as location of the events, especially in the Hungarian literature. The most well-known examples are the novels Hosszúhajú veszedelem by Géza Gárdonyi and Sajkások serege by Gábor Lipták.

Science

 * Géza Révész (1878–1955), Hungarian psychologist

Media/Art/Entertainment

 * Ágota Bozai (born 1965), Hungarian writer
 * John Hirsch (1930–1989), or Hirsch János, Hungarian-Canadian theater director
 * Emmerich Kálmán (1882–1953), or Kálmán Imre, Hungarian composer of operettas
 * Frigyes Karinthy (1887–1938), Hungarian author, playwright, poet, journalist, and translator
 * Imre Varga (1923–2019), Hungarian renowned sculptor
 * Lilla Vincze (born 1961), Hungarian singer

Sports

 * Dávid Barczi (born 1989), Hungarian football player
 * Csilla Borsányi, (born 1987), Hungarian tennis player
 * Virág Csurgó (born 1972), Hungarian tennis player
 * Réka Luca Jani (born 1991), Hungarian tennis player
 * Vivien Léránt (born 1990), Hungarian handball player
 * Kálmán Marvalits (1901–1982), Hungarian athlete
 * Dániel Sallói (born 1996), Hungarian football player
 * Mihály Szeróvay (born 1982), Hungarian football player
 * Petra Teveli (born 1979), Hungarian marathon runner

Twin towns — Sister cities
Siófok is twinned with:

Road transport
Siófok is considered to be a transportation hub. The town lies on the meeting point of the M7 motorway and the main roads, 65 and 6401. There are several local bus lines and long-distance buses also stop there. Taxi companies operate in the town as well.

 * M7 motorway
 * Main Road 7 ('Old 7')
 * Main Road 65
 * Main Road 6401

Rail transport
Siófok can be reached by train from three directions either on the Budapest–Murakeresztúr railway or on the Tab-Siófok railway. The town has six train stations: Szabadisóstó, Szabadifürdő, Sióvölgy, Siófok Main Station, Balatonszéplak felső and Balatonszéplak alsó. Siófok is easily accessible from the capital, Budapest, from the main train stations 'Déli Pályaudvar' and 'Kelenföld'. Székesfehérvár is also a main hub to catch connecting trains to Siófok.

 * Budapest–Murakeresztúr railway
 * Siófok–Tab railway

Water transport
Siófok is also famous for its ports for motor and sailing boats. Bigger tourist boats have their docks in the Port of Siófok.

 * Port of Siófok
 * Ezüstpart Yacht Port

Air transport
Siófok is home to a sport airport called Siófok-Kiliti Airport. No commercial airlines operate from here.

title: Siófok


text:
User talk:64.72.66.74

February 2017
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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Anarchy. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. — Non-Dropframe    talk  17:05, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

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title: User talk:64.72.66.74


text:
Miller (crater)

Miller is a lunar impact crater that lies amidst the rugged terrain in the southern part of the Moon. It is attached to the northern rim of the smaller crater Nasireddin, and the outer rampart of the latter reaches almost to the central peak formation at the midpoint of Miller's interior floor. Together with Huggins to the southwest and Orontius to the south-southwest, this foursome forms a chain of craters forming an arc that curves towards the north. The northwest rim of Miller in turn is attached to the satellite crater Miller C, forming the end of the arc. To the southeast lies Stöfler. The crater is named after British chemist William Allen Miller.

The rim of Miller is nearly circular with a system of terraces along the inner wall. The interior floor is nearly level with the aforementioned central peak formation located at the midpoint. The crater Stöfler H is attached to the exterior southeast rim and intrudes slightly into the interior. There are a few tiny craterlets lying within the crater, including one along the rampart of Nasiredden.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Miller.

title: Miller (crater)


text:
Flakpanzer Gepard

The Flugabwehrkanonenpanzer Gepard ("anti-aircraft-gun tank 'Cheetah, better known as the Flakpanzer Gepard) is an all-weather-capable West German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG) based on the hull of the Leopard 1. It was developed in the 1960s, fielded in the 1970s, and has been upgraded several times with the latest electronics. It has been a cornerstone of the air defence of the German Army (Bundeswehr) and a number of other NATO countries.

In Germany, the Gepard was phased out in late 2010 and replaced by the Wiesel 2 Ozelot Leichtes Flugabwehrsystem (LeFlaSys) with four FIM-92 Stinger or LFK NG missile launchers. A variant with the MANTIS gun system and LFK NG missiles, based on the GTK Boxer, was also considered.

The Gepard has been widely used in combat in the Russo-Ukrainian War, mostly to shoot down drones.

Developmental history

The Gepard was developed during the 1960s as a replacememnt for the M42 Duster. Two projects were investigated. These were the ‘Matador’ (designed by Rheinmetall, AEG, Siemens, and Krauss-Maffei) and the ‘5PFZ-A’ (designed by Oerlikon, Contraves, Siemens-Albis, Hollandse Signaalapparaten and Kraus-Maffei/Porsche). In 1969, construction began of four A prototypes testing both 30 and 35 mm guns. In June 1970, it was decided to use the 35 mm type. In 1971, twelve second phase B prototypes were ordered. In 1971 the Dutch army ordered a CA preseries of five vehicles based on a parallel development that had used a West German 0-series Leopard 1 vehicle made available by the West German government in March 1970 as the C-prototype.

The Germans made a small preseries of both the B1 and B2R. In February 1973, the political decision was made to produce the type. In September 1973 the contract was signed with Krauss-Maffei for 432 B2 turrets and 420 hulls with a total value of DM 1,200,000,000. Each vehicle would be about three times the price of a normal Leopard 1. The first was delivered in December 1976. Belgium ordered 55 vehicles, which were identical to the German version. The Netherlands ordered 95 vehicles (designated Cheetah PRTL or Pantser Rups Tegen Luchtdoelen), split into three batches (CA1, CA2 and CA3), which were equipped with Philips radar systems.

Since the 1980s, Redeye and later Stinger MANPADS teams have been accompanying the Gepard units to take advantage of their long-range scanning capacity. To combine this capacity in a single unit, a missile system upgrade that mounts the Stingers in twin packs to the autocannons was developed. The system was tested by the German Bundeswehr but not bought due to budget restrictions. Instead, the Ozelot Light Air Defence System (LeFlaSys) was fielded for the three Airborne Brigades.

Technology and systems
The vehicle is based on the hull of the Leopard 1 tank with a large fully rotating turret carrying the armament—a pair of 35 mm Oerlikon KDA autocannons.

Chassis and propulsion
The Gepard is based on a slightly modified chassis of the Leopard 1 main battle tank,  including the complete drive unit with a 37.4-liter 10-cylinder multi-fuel engine (type: MB 838 CaM 500) with two mechanical superchargers built by MTU Aero Engines. The V-engine with a cylinder angle of 90 degrees has 610 kW at 2200 RPM (830 PS) and consumes—depending on the surface and driving style—around 150 liters per 100 kilometers. To ensure a steady supply of oil, even in difficult terrain and under extreme skew, the engine is provided with a dry sump forced lubrication. Even the gearbox (type: 4 HP-250) from ZF Friedrichshafen and the exhaust system with fresh air admixture to reduce the infrared signature were taken from the Leopard 1 main battle tank.

The Gepard is equipped with a Daimler-Benz (type: OM 314) 4-cylinder diesel auxiliary engine for the energy supply system. This engine is on the front left of the vehicle, located where the Leopard 1 has an ammunition magazine. The engine, which has a 3.8 liter capacity, is designed as a multi-fuel engine and produces 66 kW. It consumes between 10 and 20 liters per hour, depending on the operational status of the tank.

The auxiliary engine is coupled with five generators to operate at different speeds: Two Metadyn machines in tandem with a flywheel (which is used to store energy during the acceleration and deceleration of the turret) for the power of the elevation and traverse drives, two 380 Hz three-phase generators with a capacity of 20 kVA for the ventilation, fire-control and radar systems, and a 300 A 28 volt direct current generator for the electrical system. The fuel capacity is 985 liters, which ensures a combined operating time of approximately 48 hours.

The chassis and the track were taken directly from the Leopard 1. It has torsion bar spring-mounted roadwheels with seven roadwheel pairs per side. They are connected to the torsion bars on swing arms, whose deflection is limited by volute springs. Drive is through the drive sprockets located at the rear.

The rubber-mounted shocks were modified to achieve better stability during firing. The track is manufactured by the company Diehl, rubber track pads fitted, and is "live" track with rubber bushings between the track links and pins (type: D 640 A). Grouser/icecleats can replace the rubber pads on some track links to increase traction on slippery surfaces.

The hull only had slight modifications, i.e. a modified roadwheel distance (8 cm increased distance between the third and fourth roadwheel) and the transfer of additional batteries in battery boxes at the rear. The batteries and the electrical system operate at 24 volts DC.

Radar and laser

Vehicles delivered to the German Bundeswehr and Belgium were equipped with a Siemens MPDR 12 S-band search radar installed on a swing arm (lowered behind the turret for transit) on the rear of the turret, which provides a 15 km hemispherical detection range and has an integrated MSR 400 Mk XII interrogator for automated target discrimination. The Ku band tracking radar also developed by Siemens-Albis has a 15 km range and is mounted at the front of the turret, between the guns; its dome-covered antenna is mounted on a powered base which can traverse in a 180° arc. Additionally, the Gepard has a back-up optical sighting system for passive target acquisition and engagement, consisting of two stabilized, panoramic periscopes for both gunner and commander, with a variable magnification (1.5× and a field of view of 50° and 6× magnification with a narrow, 12.5° FOV). These periscopes can be mechanically engaged by the tracking radar and automatically aimed at the target for preliminary identification. A laser rangefinder was provided on vehicles upgraded to the B2L standard, and installed atop the antenna housing for the tracking radar.

Guns

The Gepard utilizes two Oerlikon GDF, 90 calibres (3.15 m) long, with a muzzle velocity of 1440 m/s (FAPDS (Frangible Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot) rounds), giving an effective range of 5.5 km. The ammunition is 35×228mm calibre (STANAG 4516).

The KDA autocannon has a dual belt feed for two different ammunition types; the usual loading per gun is 320 AA rounds fed from inside the turret and 20 AP rounds fed from a small outlying storage. The 40 armour-piercing rounds are normally fired singly with the guns alternating; they are also intended for self defence against light armoured ground targets.

Each gun has a firing rate of 550 rounds/min. The combined rate of fire is 1,100 rounds/min, which – in unlimited mode – gives a continuous fire time of 35 seconds before running out of ammunition (with 640 AA rounds for both guns). It is standard to fire bursts against air targets, 24 rounds per gun for a total of 48 in limited mode and 48 rounds per gun for a total of 96 in normal mode. The Ukrainian air defence have found that the guns "take an hour-and-a-half to reload", thus limiting their effectiveness.

The guns can be elevated to almost a 90-degree vertical angle.

Variants
There are two main variants of Gepard; the German Gepard and the Dutch CA1, nicknamed the 'Cheetah'. The Dutch variant has a different radar installation.

🇩🇪 Germany

Gepard 1 Gepard 1A1 Gepard 1A2
 * Search radar: S band, 15 km range
 * Tracking radar: Ku band, 15 km range
 * Improved version with a laser rangefinder
 * Upgraded version to fire the FAPDS-T round

🇳🇱 Netherlands

CA1 'Cheetah'
 * Search radar: X band, 15 km range
 * Tracking radar: X/Ka band, 13 km range

Invasion of Ukraine
The Gepard has been deployed by Ukraine in its defense against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 26 April 2022, the German government authorized Krauss-Maffei Wegmann to transfer around 50 refurbished Gepards to Ukraine, including in advance those vehicles that were sold to Brazil and Qatar as a security measure during mass sports events.

The first three Gepards arrived in Ukraine on 25 July 2022 and by the end of September thirty Gepards and 6,000 rounds had been delivered by Germany. On 2 December 2022, Germany recovered seven additional Gepard units from the scrapyard which they planned to refurbish and ship by spring but only 4 of them arrived to Ukraine as of 11 July 2023. In May 2023, 15 Gepards sold to Qatar in 2020 were purchased back by Germany for more than double the purchase price.

All 52 Gepards pledged by Germany were delivered to Ukraine by 22 December 2023. An additional 15 Gepards with 259,680 rounds of ammunition were pledged by Germany on 17 January 2024.

According to a Ukrainian defense attache in the United States the Gepard has been used to "great effect" against the "relatively crude" loitering munition believed to be Iranian-made Shahed-136. The Conflict Intelligence Team considers it likely that a Gepard destroyed a Russian Kh-101 cruise missile as it was targeting a Kyiv power plant on 18 October 2022. One unit is credited with destroying more than ten Shahed-136 drones and two cruise missiles. A system such as the Gepard is more effective and hence more cost-effective than more advanced and expensive air defence systems such NASAMS or IRIS-T missiles, while being less politically sensitive as they only have a limited effective range. The London-based think tank, the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) wrote: "In general, gun systems are preferred over missiles where possible due to the much lower cost per engagement and higher availability of ammunition compared with SAMs and MANPADS". Ukraine allegedly suffered its first Gepard loss in April 2023 to a Lancet loitering munition, although the full video shows the Gepard relatively intact after the impact. A retired Gepard operator of the 10th Panzer Division from Germany confirmed with his source in Ukraine that the Gepard still functioned after the hit.

Delivery of ammunition
Obtaining ammunition was initially difficult as Switzerland – owing to its neutrality – forbade Germany and Denmark to transfer their stocks of Swiss-made rounds, and refused to supply its own surplus, forcing Germany to rely on other sources for ammunition.

A July 2022 delivery of ammunition manufactured in Norway was delayed as tests showed that they could not be fired by the Gepard. This issue was resolved by August and about 50,000 Norwegian-made rounds had been received by the end of September, according to Ukraine's Armed Forces. Photos from the German tabloid Bild of the Gepard with a Ukrainian crew include high-explosive incendiary (HEI) rounds (where the projectile is yellow with a red band) made by e.g. Norwegian Nammo.

In December 2022, Rheinmetall committed to a new factory in Germany to sidestep the Swiss re-export ban. A deal to start production was signed in February 2023 and the first shipment of new ammunition was delivered to Ukraine in September 2023. Germany delivered the last 3 pledged Gepards to Ukraine by 22 December 2023 along with an additional 30,000 rounds of ammunition.

Current

 * 🇧🇷 Brazil
 * 34 Gepard 1A2 as of 2024

 * 🇷🇴 Romania
 * 41 as of 2024

 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine
 * Suppliers:
 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * 52 supplied as of July 2024.
 * 15 additional to be supplied as of July 2024.
 * 🇺🇸 United States
 * 60 purchased to Jordan in November 2023 to be supplied to Ukraine for USD $110 million. The first systems started to be delivered in June 2024.

Former

 * 🇧🇪 Belgium
 * 55 delivered, withdrawn from service around 2006, and sold to private companies.

 * 🇨🇱 Chile
 * 30 vehicles were ordered, in 2008 and after testing 4 vehicles, they were withdrawn from service in 2011. According to KMW's regional director Stephan Straube, the vehicles were purchased from Belgian firm SABIEX (now OIP Land Systems) and were supposed to be upgraded by a joint effort of FAMAE and a private company, but it ultimately failed due "a lack of proper knowledge about the system" (FAMAE didn't accept an offer from KMW of technical support), and costly logistical support.

 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * 420 originally built for the Bundeswehr (195 B2 and 225 B2L with additional laser rangefinder). During the 1980s they equipped the anti-aircraft artillery regiments of the eleven German mechanized divisions with six batteries each and one additional corps level battalion with three batteries for a total of 69 batteries of six Gepard each. About 220 B2L were later modernised to Gepard 1A2 and equipped five active and the same number of reserve battalions of three batteries with seven Gepard each. This number was further reduced with the planned fielding of MANTIS and the change in military strategy to out-of-area missions. The last 94 of these remained in service until 2010 when they were gradually phased out until 2012 due to high maintenance costs. many of Germany's retired Gepards remain in outdoor storage with KMT's subsidiary Battle Tank Dismantling GmbH Koch in Rockensußra, Thuringia.

 * 🇯🇴 Jordan
 * 60 were purchased from retired Dutch surplus for 21 million dollars. In May 2023, the Pentagon confirmed that an undisclosed number had been purchased by the U.S. for $118 million using funds from the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative, with an expected delivery date of May 30, 2024. According to the German Defense Ministry, the U.S. plans to deliver up to 30 of these to Ukraine before the end of 2023. In November it was confirmed that the USA had bought all 60 of Jordan's Gepards for Ukraine as part of the $118 million deal, with the remaining 30 expected to be delivered by May 2024.

 * 🇳🇱 Netherlands
 * 95 delivered, withdrawn from service and placed in storage as of 2006; 60 sold to Jordan in 2013.

 * 🇶🇦 Qatar
 * In December 2020, it was announced that a license had been issued for the export of a total of 15 Gepard anti-aircraft vehicles to Qatar. Furthermore, four automatic cannons, 30 barrels, 16,000 rounds of ammunition and 45 breechblocks will be delivered as spare parts. These were purchased in order to ensure air security for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In early 2023, German government officials began negotiating with Qatar the possible purchase of their 15 Gepards to send these to Ukraine. In May 2023, it was reported that all 15 Gepards were repurchased by Germany for Ukraine, with Ukraine's ambassador for Germany later filmed in front of one of the ex-Qatari Gepards on a training site. Germany purchased the Gepards from Qatar for US$64 million, roughly double the price they were sold to Qatar for a few years earlier.

Comparable systems

 * Fliegerabwehrpanzer 68
 * K30 Biho
 * Korkut
 * M247 Sergeant York
 * Marksman anti-aircraft system
 * PZA Loara
 * 2K22 Tunguska
 * Type 87 self-propelled anti-aircraft gun
 * Type 95 SPAAA
 * ZSU-23-4 Shilka
 * CV9040 LvKv90
 * Pantsir missile system
 * Slinger

title: Flakpanzer Gepard


text:
Minamoto no Yorimasa

Minamoto no Yorimasa (源 頼政) was a Japanese poet, aristocrat and samurai lord. His poetry appeared in various anthologies. He served eight different emperors in his long career, holding posts such as hyōgo no kami (head of the arsenal). As a general, he led the Minamoto armies at the beginning of the Genpei War. Even in later generations, the common name Genzanmi (げんざんみ) was passed down (Yorimasa was not the only person who was called “Genzanmi”, in the same period). Also, like his father, he used the surname “Baba” and was also called “Baba no Yorimasa”

Biography
In the clashes between the Minamoto and Taira clans that had gone on for decades, Yorimasa had tried to stay out of politics, and avoided taking sides. He did participate in the Hōgen rebellion in 1156. For a time, he was even friends with Taira no Kiyomori. During the Heiji rebellion of 1160, he leaned just enough in favor of the Taira that it allowed them to overthrow the Minamoto. However, by the time he officially retired from military service in Kiyomori's army in 1179, Yorimasa had changed his mind about opposing his own clan. He entered the Buddhist priesthood and in May 1180, he sent out an appeal to other Minamoto leaders, and to temples and monasteries that Kiyomori had offended.

In the following Genpei War, which began with the Battle of Uji in 1180, Yorimasa led Minamoto forces, along with warrior monks from Miidera, in defending the Byōdō-in temple. Despite the monks' having torn up the planks of the bridge leading to the temple, the Taira managed to break through their defenses, and take the temple. After suffering this defeat at Uji, he committed ritual suicide at Byōdō-in. Minamoto no Yorimasa's suicide by seppuku may be the earliest recorded instance of a samurai's suicide in the face of defeat, although Minamoto no Tametomo, who died in 1170, ten years before Yorimasa, may hold this distinction.

According to legend, after his death a retainer took Yorimasa's head to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Taira. He then fastened it to a rock and threw it into the Uji River so it could not be found.

Family
Yorimasa had several children including a daughter, poet Nijōin no Sanuki, and a son, samurai lord Minamoto no Nakatsuna.

Poetry
In a famous episode in the Taiheiki:

Samidare ni sawabe no makomo mizu koete/izure ayame to hikizo wazurau

The fifth-month rains swamp the water-oats along the shore, making it hard to tell irises from one another and pull just one

"So, Yorimasa not only added to his reputation as an archer by shooting down a nue; he also proved himself a distinguished poet by winning with a single poem Lady Ayame, whom he had adored for years and months."

Yorimasa's death poem was:

埋もれ木の/花咲くことも/なかりしに/身のなる果てぞ/悲しかりける umoregi no/hana saku koto mo/nakarishi ni/mi no naru hate zo/kanashikarikeru

Like a fossil tree From which we gather no flowers Sad has been my life Fated no fruit to produce

The slaying of the Nue

The Heike Monogatari and the Settsu Meisho Zue from the Settsu Province, tell the following tale of the killing of the Nue:

In the closing years of the Heian period, at the place where the emperor (Emperor Konoe) lived, the Seiryō-den, there appeared a cloud of black smoke along with an eerie resounding crying voice, making Emperor Nijō quite afraid. Subsequently, the emperor fell into illness, and neither medicine nor prayers had any effect.

A close associate remembered Minamoto no Yoshiie using an arrow to put a stop to the mystery case of some bird's cry, and he gave the order to a master of arrows, Minamoto no Yorimasa, to slay the monster.

One night, Yorimasa went out to slay the monster with his servant Ino Hayata (written as 猪早太 or 井早太 ), and an arrow made from an arrowhead he had inherited from his ancestor Minamoto no Yorimitsu and the tailfeathers of a mountain bird. An uncanny black smoke started to cover the Seiryō-den. Yorimasa shot his arrow into it, there was a shriek, and a nue fell down around the northern parts of Nijō Castle. Instantly Ino Hayata seized it and finished it off.

In the skies above the imperial court, two or three cries of the common cuckoo could be heard, and it is thus said that peace had returned. After this, the emperor's health instantly recovered, and Yorimasa was given the sword Shishiō as a reward.

title: Minamoto no Yorimasa


text:
2002 Major League Soccer season

The 2002 Major League Soccer season was the seventh season of Major League Soccer. It was also the 90th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer in the United States, and the 24th with a national first-division league.

According to FC Dallas president Dan Hunt, the entire league nearly folded during the 2001 offseason. The owners agreed to shut down the league on a conference call in November 2001, but within two days Lamar Hunt convinced the other owners to give the league another year.

On January 8, 2002, the league folded two of its teams, both of which were in Florida. The Miami Fusion ceased operations after only four years of existence due to low attendance and an unfavorable stadium deal. The Tampa Bay Mutiny also ceased operations due to the lack of local ownership. Additionally, the league eliminated the Central Division and returned to the original two-conference alignment.

Two new stadiums opened this season. The Colorado Rapids moved into Invesco Field at Mile High and the New England Revolution moved into CMGI Field, which was renamed Gillette Stadium on August 5. Additionally, due to renovations at Soldier Field, the Chicago Fire played at Cardinal Stadium in the western suburb of Naperville.

In an effort to lower costs, the number of games was reduced from 32 to 28, marking the fewest games played in league history. The playoffs were also reformatted as the teams with the 8 highest point totals qualified regardless of conference affiliation.

The regular season began on March 23, and concluded on September 22. The 2002 MLS Cup Playoffs began on September 25, and concluded with MLS Cup 2002 on October 20. After three previous losses in the final, the Los Angeles Galaxy won their first MLS Cup with a victory over the New England Revolution.

Season format
The season began on March 23 and concluded with MLS Cup on October 20. The 10 teams were split evenly into two conferences. Each team played 28 games that were evenly divided between home and away. Each team played every other team in their conference, and one designated opponent from the opposite conference, four times, and the remaining teams in the opposite conference twice.

The top eight teams regardless of conference qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs. The first round and conference finals were played as a three game series, and the first team to 5 points advanced. The winners of the conference finals advanced to MLS Cup.

The team with the most points in the regular season was awarded the MLS Supporters' Shield. Additionally, the winner of MLS Cup and the runner-up qualified for the CONCACAF Champions' Cup.

Bracket

 * Points system Win = 3 Pts. Loss = 0 Pts. Draw = 1 Pt.
 * ASDET*=Added Sudden Death Extra Time (Game tie breaker) SDET**=Sudden Death Extra Time (Series tie breaker) Teams will advance at 5 points.

Quarterfinals

 * Los Angeles Galaxy advance 6-3 on points.

 * New England Revolution advance 6–3 on points.

 * Columbus Crew advance 6–0 on points.

 * Colorado Rapids advance in series (sudden death) overtime, after 4–4 tie on points.

Semifinals

 * Los Angeles Galaxy advance 6–0 on points.

 * New England Revolution advance 5–2 on points.

title: 2002 Major League Soccer season


text:
User:Swalker

Sunny Walker (Swalker) is a webmaster at the University of Hawaii at Hilo and an avid gamer.

Links

 * MiracleSalad.com -- Sunny's Personal Web site
 * University of Hawai‘i at Hilo -- Sunny's Employer

title: User:Swalker


text:
MediaTelevision

Media Television is a Canadian television newsmagazine series created by Moses Znaimer, which aired weekly on Citytv and NewNet from 1991 to 2004. It was also syndicated internationally, airing in over 100 countries around the world at some point during its run.

The show, subtitled "The Modern Art and Science of Persuasion", offered a behind the scenes examination of the worlds of media, marketing, technology, the internet, print, radio, and television.

It was one of the first syndicated programs to employ a videographer whose role was as camera, interviewer, and host all rolled into one. Media Television's primary contribution was its unique examination of worldwide advertising in an intelligent manner.

title: MediaTelevision


text:
Cursillo

Cursillos in Christianity (Cursillos de Cristiandad, "Short courses of Christianity") is an apostolic movement of the Catholic Church. It was conceived in Spain between 1940 and 1949 and began with the celebration of the so-called "first course" from January 7 to 10, 1949 at the Monastery of Sant Honorat, Mallorca.

Description
Cursillo is the original three-day movement, and has since been licensed for use by several mainline Protestant denominations, some of which have retained the trademarked "Cursillo" name, while others have modified its talks/methods and given it a different name. In the United States, Cursillo is a registered trademark of the National Cursillo Center in Jarrell, Texas.

The Cursillo focuses on showing Christian laypeople how to become effective Christian leaders over the course of a three-day weekend. The weekend includes fifteen talks, called rollos, which are given by priests and by laypeople. The major emphasis of the weekend is to ask participants to take what they have learned back into the world, on what is known as the "fourth day." The method stresses personal spiritual development, promoted by subsequent group reunions after the initial weekend.

History
Cursillos first appeared in Spain in 1944. A layman named Eduard Bonnin and group of close collaborators started celebrating them on different places on Majorca at about one per year. When endorsed by the bishop in 1949, it picked up strength and began spreading to Spain and the rest of the world, to the point that it became an active renewal movement in the Church. In 1957, the movement had spread to North America, when the first American cursillo was held in Waco, Texas. In 1959, the Cursillo spread throughout Texas and to Phoenix, Arizona. In August of that year, the first national convention of spiritual directors was held, and Ultreya magazine began publication. In 1960, growth of the Cursillo quickened in the American Southwest, and weekends were held for the first time in the East in New York City and Lorain Ohio.

Until 1961, all weekends were held in Spanish. That year the first English-speaking weekend was held in San Angelo, Texas. Also in 1961, first weekends were held in San Francisco, California; Gary, Indiana; Lansing, Michigan; Guaynabo, Puerto Rico; and Gallup, New Mexico. In 1962, the Cursillo Movement came to the Eastern United States. Weekends were held in Cincinnati, Brooklyn, Saginaw, Miami, Chicago, Detroit, Newark, Baltimore, Grand Rapids, Kansas City and Boston. In the West, the first weekends were held in Monterey, Sacramento, Los Angeles, Pueblo and Yakima. The movement spread rapidly with the early centers carrying the Cursillo to nearby dioceses. By 1981, almost all of the 160 dioceses in the United States had introduced the Cursillo Movement.

The Cursillo Movement in the United States was organized on a national basis in 1965. A National Secretariat was formed and the National Cursillo Office (currently in Jarrell, Texas) was established. It is joined to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops through an official liaison in the person of Bishop Emeritus Carlos A. Sevilla S.J. from the Diocese of Yakima, and through the Bishops' Secretariat for the Laity in Washington, D.C. The spiritual advisor for the movement in the United States is Rev. Alex Waraksa from the Diocese of Knoxville, Tennessee.

In 1980, the Cursillo Movement established a worldwide international office, the OMCC (Organismo Mundial de Cursillos de Cristiandad). The international office is located in Portugal for the 2014–2017 term.

Today, Cursillo is a worldwide movement with centers in nearly all South and Central American countries, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Great Britain, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Austria, Australia, New Zealand Aotearoa, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and in several African countries. The movement is recognized by the Holy See as member of the International Catholic Organizations of the Pontifical Council for the Laity in Rome.

De Colores
In the Cursillo movement, being "in colors" is to be in God's grace. For that reason, Cursillo participants (cursillistas) greet each other with the phrase "De Colores" (in Colors).

A story from the early days of the movement in Spain tells of an occasion where a group of men were returning from a Cursillo weekend when their bus broke down. They began to sing De Colores, a traditional folk song. The use of the song in Cursillo took hold, and has held up as the movement has spread outside the Spanish-speaking world and to other denominations. The use of a multi-colored rooster as a symbol for the Cursillo movement is believed to have originated from one of the verses of that song.

Use by other Christian denominations
This retreat is also used by Episcopalian/Anglican Cursillo, Presbyterian Cursillo/Pilgrimage, Lutheran Via de Cristo, Mennonite Way of Christ, The United Methodist Church's Walk to Emmaus, and various interdenominational communities as Tres Días.

Analogous retreats
The Cursillo method is used by ACTS, Encounter, Antioch, Search, Awakening (college students), Cum Christo, DeColores (adult ecumenical), the Great Banquet, Happening, The Journey (United Church of Christ), Kairos Prison Ministry, Kairos (for older teenagers), Emmaus in Connecticut (for high school age teens), Gennesaret (for those living with a serious illness), Koinonia, Lamplighter Ministries, Light of Love, LOGOS (Love Of God, Others, and Self) (Lutheran teen), Teens Encounter Christ (teen ecumenical), Residents Encounter Christ (REC) (a jail/prison ministry), Tres Dias, Unidos en Cristo, Via de Cristo (Lutheran Adult), Chrysalis Flight (Methodist Youth), Walk to Emmaus (Methodist Adult), The Walk with Christ (interdenominational), Anglican 4th Day (Anglican Adult), The Way of Christ (Canadian Lutheran adult), Tres Arroyos (Charismatic Episcopal Church). and Journey to Damascus (Catholic hosted Ecumenical with weekly reunion groups for alumni) in the Corpus Christi, Houston, and Austin, TX, areas.

A derivative retreat for Catholics is called "Welcome." It is a 2-day retreat, normally Saturday and Sunday, and therefore does not qualify for the term "cursillo" meant to apply to a 3-day retreat.

Another derivative movement called 'An Emmaus Experience' was developed from the Cursillo at a Catholic parish in Miami, Florida, and has made some inroads. Its 3-day format borrows significantly from the Cursillo manual, but is primarily focused on the parish and not on the 'environments' of the world. Emmaus also has no formal method of '4th day' continuity such as the Cursillo 'friendship groups' and 'service sheets' to keep members accountable in their practice of the method. This 'Emmaus Experience' derivative movement is centered on the Roman Catholic faith (from which the Cursillo movement originated) and differs from the 'Walk to Emmaus' version which emphasizes non-denominational practices for an ecumenical audience.

title: Cursillo