text:
West Virginia University at Parkersburg

West Virginia University at Parkersburg, abbreviated WVUP and WVU Parkersburg, is a public community college in Parkersburg, West Virginia. Although it was originally part of West Virginia University, it is now an independent public institution with its own board of governors and degree-granting authority. Conceived as a community college to serve seven counties in west central West Virginia, it now offers baccalaureate programs. It is the largest community college in West Virginia and the state's fifth largest public college with over 3,900 students.

WVU Parkersburg is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

History
The college was founded in 1961 as the Parkersburg Branch of West Virginia University. The school's name was changed to West Virginia University-Parkersburg Center in 1966. It became Parkersburg Community College (PCC) in 1971 and was originally governed by the West Virginia Board of Regents. In a reorganization of the state's higher education governance structure in 1989, the West Virginia Legislature enacted S.B. 420 which, among other initiatives, renamed PCC as West Virginia University at Parkersburg, designating it a regional campus of WVU, and transferred its governance to the newly formed University System of West Virginia.

In 2008, the governance structure of WVU Parkersburg was changed by the state legislature. WVU Parkersburg is now controlled locally by a board of governors and is part of a statewide network of independently accredited community colleges known as the West Virginia Community and Technical College System (CTCS). The WVU Parkersburg Board of Governors approved a Memorandum of Understanding with WVU on May 18, 2009, which outlined a formal relationship between the two schools and designated WVU Parkersburg as an "affiliated institution” of WVU.

Naming issues
The school was founded as the Parkersburg Branch of West Virginia University in 1961. Its name was changed to West Virginia University-Parkersburg Center in 1966 and then Parkersburg Community College in 1971. Under Governor Gaston Caperton in 1990, a redesign of the state system of higher education was proposed. The state Speaker of the House was from Parkersburg and added the renaming to the bill. In 1995 this system was replaced by yet another system of college organization under Governor Cecil Underwood, however the school retained the name WVU Parkersburg.

In 2008, the state adopted another system of college organization and "divorced" the community colleges from their parent institutions. WVU and WVU Parkersburg developed several agreements and a memorandum of understanding in the spring of 2009 allowing WVU Parkersburg to retain its name in an "evergreen" agreement.

Campus
WVU Parkersburg is located on the outskirts of the city of Parkersburg. The campus is home to, among various buildings, a library, the main administrative building, the College Activities Center, the Workforce and Community Education building, and the Caperton Center for Applied Technology, which opened in 1999. Recently completed facilities include the Applied Technology Lab, the Early Childhood Learning Center, and Eldon Miller Plaza. WVU Parkersburg does not have any student housing on campus; it is a commuter school.

The school originally opened in an abandoned elementary school on Emerson Avenue in Parkersburg in 1961. The bell from the elementary school, which was cast in 1902 by the Meneely Bell Company, is still used in campus ceremonies and is part of the college's official seal. In 1965, Wood County voters approved a bond levy for construction of a new educational complex. The college moved to its current location once construction was completed in 1969.

The Jackson County Center, which opened in 1975, is a smaller campus of WVU Parkersburg and offers a limited number of classes for students living closer to its Ripley, West Virginia location.

WVU Parkersburg's Downtown Center opened on Market Street in Parkersburg in January 2013 to serve the school's new Culinary Academy. The college has a workforce training lab and classroom at the Polymer Alliance Zone's Polymer Technology Park in Davisville, West Virginia. WVU Parkersburg also owns a small farm that is used for the Diversified Agriculture program.

Academics
WVU Parkersburg is the first and, thus far, only community college in West Virginia to offer any bachelor's degrees after becoming accredited to do so in 1991. Bachelor's degrees that are currently awarded at WVU Parkersburg include: the Bachelor of Applied Technology, Bachelor of Applied Science, Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Bachelor of Arts, and the Regents Bachelor of Arts (RBA) degree, which gives adult students college credit for past work and life experience and allows them to gain a general college-level education without selecting a specific major.

WVU Parkersburg also offers associate degree and certificate programs, as community colleges traditionally do, in a wide variety of other academic areas which are not offered as baccalaureate programs. The vast majority of these associate degrees are Associates in Applied Sciences degrees, meaning they are non-transferable into four-year degree programs, and therefore not suitable for a student who seeks to continue their education beyond a two-year degree.

WVU Parkersburg is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Specific programs at the institution are also accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) and the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE).

Athletics
WVU Parkersburg does not currently field any of its own intercollegiate varsity teams. However, it does field several sport club teams that compete with other colleges, including men's basketball, women's basketball, volleyball, men's soccer, golf and table tennis. These teams are known as the Riverhawks, which refers to the Osprey that can be found on Blennerhassett Island near Parkersburg on the Ohio River. The Riverhawks name was voted upon by the student body during the Spring 2009 semester.

List of presidents

 * Todd Bullard, Director, Parkersburg Branch of West Virginia University
 * Dallas Shaffer (1963), Acting Director, Parkersburg Branch of West Virginia University
 * B.L. Coffindaffer (1964–1971), Director, Parkersburg Branch of WVU, 1964–1966, WVU-Parkersburg Center, 1966–1971
 * Robert H. Stauffer (1971–1974), President, Parkersburg Community College
 * Paul Heath (1974), Acting President, Parkersburg Community College
 * Jerry Lee Jones (1974–1978), President, Parkersburg Community College
 * M. Douglas Call (1977–1978), Acting President, Parkersburg Community College
 * Byron McClenney (1978–1981), President, Parkersburg Community College
 * Jim Hales (1981), Acting President, Parkersburg Community College
 * Eldon Miller (1982–2000), President, Parkersburg Community College, Campus President, West Virginia University at Parkersburg, 1982–89, Regional Vice President, West Virginia University, 1989–2000
 * Erik Bitterbaum (2000–2003), Campus President, Regional Vice President, West Virginia University, 2000–2003
 * Joseph L. Badgley, Interim Campus President, Regional Vice President, West Virginia University, 2003–2004
 * Marie Foster Gnage (2004–2014), President, West Virginia University at Parkersburg, 2004–2014, Regional Vice President, West Virginia University, 2004–2008
 * Rhonda Tracy (2014), Interim President
 * Fletcher M. Lamkin (2015–2018), President
 * Chris Gilmer (2018–2022), President
 * Torie Jackson (2022), Interim President
 * Torie Jackson (2023–present), President

Notable alumni

 * Donna J. Boley, member of the West Virginia Senate
 * Anna Border, member of the West Virginia House of Delegates
 * Jessica Lynch, United States Army soldier
 * David Nohe, member of the West Virginia Senate

title: West Virginia University at Parkersburg


text:
Talk:Bradley Foundation

Untitled
This article needs some very serious work and when I get some time I will try and fix it myself. The bulk if not all of the article is sourced from a anti-conservative organisation, and no opposing view is presented. This must be political bias, and simply wont do

jucifer 03:49, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Is Bradley a think tank? I thought they were just a foundation. -Willmcw 09:07, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I deleted the Schools listing because the research grants given by foundations are rarely, if ever, unrestricted, general grants to a university. Instead, the grants are earmarked to fund a particular faculty member's research. Without knowing who the grant has been designated to benefit it is uninformative to simply list the institution that handles the money. -Willmcw 06:15, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I grouped the grants by amount, because there is a difference between giving $15 million and giving $37,000. I deleted the think tank references, but if anyone finds evidence they function as a think-tank then please incorporate it and add the designation back. -Willmcw 23:43, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

NPOV
This is not in its current state a Neutral Point of View article. It is a laundry list of complaints about the Bradley Foundation from sources that oppose it. The NPOV tag should stay in place until a rewrite is done.—Linnwood 03:19, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It does have a section on criticism. But the bulk of the article expresses their achievements. Can you be more specific? Thanks. -Willmcw 03:25, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

Being a native of Milwaukee Wisconsin and familiar with Allen-Bradley Manufacturing and its work in the community, and later the foundation, I'd be happy to assist in researching the foundations background and activities. Nobs 03:35, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * That'd be great - so long as it's verifiable, non-original research of course. Cheers, -Willmcw

 * Also this article reads like a guilt by association piece, focus on things the Bradley group does not what people who took money do. It is not enough to find a quote in a newspaper which receives money to suggest that the group is horrible, they also are large funders of students (for example). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.174.176.4 (talk) 04:48, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

new edits
Fixed the NPOV, by first figuring out what Bradley spends its money on, then moved all the critisism to Critisism and placed a conclusion of what they do, based on their expenses. I also added parts of the Foundations statement from the Bradley website. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Killerdark (talk • contribs).

 * Thanks for your edits. However please don't copy material from other websites without making it clear that you are doing so. I've marked the material as a quotation, but it'd be better if we summarized it in our own words. -Willmcw 22:14, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Cool. I rewrote the copied part and removed it.
 * Hey, I wonder if those guys can't help financing Wikipedia.. Apparently they support public knowledge projects...
 * User:killerdark

 * That's much better. I don't know if Wikipedia has applied for grants from anybody. That'd be handled by the Wikimedia foundation, I believe. Cheers, -Willmcw 23:27, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

The (not) Criticism Section
To me the only two things that appear as well-described criticism are the last sentence about what Wiyalto said and the next one regarding the People for the American Way. I don’t think the first two paragraphs/items listed in the criticism section belong there at all, as they seem to be neutral statements of fact. Including them in the criticism section without any further explanation presupposes they were inherently wrong. I'd like to take them and move them to the main section directly above. Comments? :-) Lawyer2b 14:11, 24 December 2005 (UTC)
 * That sounds like a good plan. -Willmcw 17:08, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I moved parts to criticism, because of this: In the early 1990s the foundation helped support The American Spectator magazine, which at the time was researching damaging material on President Bill Clinton. Before that, it had paid to have David Brock's attack on Anita Hill published. Seems to be in conflict with the NPOV. It paid to attack seems, not neutral... and here the same thing: In early 2003, Joyce bragged to a local paper  So an important CEO of a foundation, goes to some local paper and brags? NPOV conflict right?

 * Let me know what you guys think. In the mean time, I will see if I can find some info about that book that Brock wrote and what happened in early 2003. Killerdark 11:39, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

 * From the american specator wiki:

The March 1992 issue contained an expose on Clarence Thomas accuser Anita Hill, famously calling Hill "a bit nutty and a bit slutty." A January 1994 article about Bill Clinton contained the first reference in print to Clinton accuser Paula Jones, although the main topic of the article was Clinton's use of Arkansas state troopers to facilitate his extramarital sexual activities and it only referred to Jones by her first name. Both articles were later recanted by author David Brock. The second story caused the magazine's circulation to reach 300,000.

 * Now, my last issue is, in how far is a foundation responsible or can be held responsible publicly (that is what we are doing here) for accusations that are made by one slightly more extreme rightwing author in a rightwing magazine, and those accusations were later withdrawn by that same guy, offering his apology at least to Hill. It is good info. And it did happen, but should it be on this page? Seems in conflict with NPOV.

 * Killerdark 11:39, 25 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Killer: What NPOV are you talking about? I don't know of any restrictions, besides not endorsing a political candidate or party, on a public foundation as long its actions fall under its chartered purpose (which can be very broadly interpreted.) Lawyer2b 03:46, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

JS Online
This is what the Milwaukee article says: ''Joyce said it was inevitable that the younger Bush would embrace the neoconservative view. "I'm not sure September 11th did more than push the timetable up," he said. But press accounts suggest that the events of Sept. 11 were crucial for Bush, and even after this his thinking changed gradually in response to several things:''

 * Joyce is quoted saying "I'm not sure September 11th did more than push the timetable up," Then the article goes on about press accounts. In the wiki it is stated that Joyce "brags". Killerdark 07:45, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Conference on the Study of Religion and Terrorism JOHN M. OLIN INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES

 * On November 20-22, 2002, the conference investigated "what now appears to be a new form of political action with international consequences. Prior to September 11, 2001, terrorism was far from unknown, and political conflicts with religious elements were frequently encountered. The attacks of September 11, however, make us question whether we adequately understood the role of religion and its relation to political violence. Among the questions the conference sought to answer are: Does religion add a distinct and different character to political action? What does Islam say about inter-religious conflict? Does terrorism fundamentally alter the political structure of the time and place where it occurs? What are the policy implications of September 11 for the American military and U.S. foreign policy?"

 * I don't think the above text can be interpreted as: provoking to attack Iraq. I cant find any other documents that prove any provoking to attack iraq. Killerdark 08:05, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Marquette Law School Gift
The Bradley Foundation recently pledged $1 million to Marquette Law School to be used toward the construction of the new law school building. Doesn't that belong on there?Wpride33 18:43, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Shadow Government that Controls Us All
You'd think there'd be more info about the result of their investments. Miserlou (talk) 01:45, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

Phil Wilayto
He doesn't appear to have any credentials, can't seem to find anything he's published, and he doesn't appear to be a WP:RS. "The Feeding Trough" is self-published WP:SPS: send him $12 and you can get a copy. "Caution should be exercised when using such sources: if the information in question is really worth reporting, someone else is likely to have done so."

Phil Wilayto, former coordinator of A Job is a Right Campaign in Milwaukee and a contributor to MediaTransparency, a left-wing Web site that tracks the funding of right-wing politics, writes:

"The overall objective of the Bradley Foundation, however, is to return the U.S. -- and the world -- to the days before governments began to regulate Big Business, before corporations were forced to make concessions to an organized labor force. In other words, laissez-faire capitalism: capitalism with the gloves off."

Wilayto also published a 140-page report on the Bradley Foundation, The Feeding Trough, on behalf of the "A Job is a Right Campaign" in Milwaukee. The report claims the Bradley Foundation commissioned the studies that supported the welfare reform legislation in Wisconsin, which he contends harmed the state's poor residents. He also claimed the Bradley Foundation exploits Milwaukee's black community. Lionel (talk) 22:42, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I don't think we're using the "Trough" report as a source. It's just mentioned. It's not that important and we can leave it out.   Will Beback    talk    23:32, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

No more criticism?
It is somewhat alarming that at present, there is no criticism in this article. It has been completely scrubbed clean of any controversy, and is no longer in step with other Wikipedia articles. For instance, David Horowitz received $4M, and Bradley is mentioned in the "Allegations of racism" section in that article. Not to mention, the book, The Bell Curve. The Bell Curve article mentions that sources used by the book were funded by the Pioneer Fund. But the co-author, Charles Murray, is sponsored by American Enterprise Institute, which receives money from Bradley. The Bradley Foundation has funded various entities, for which the respective Wikipedia articles include criticism of racism, but the Bradley Foundation has no mention of this?

The Southern Poverty Law Center has a article containing the links between Bradley and these other organizations:
 * http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2003/summer/into-the-mainstream?page=0,1]

At minimum the various associations with controversy that Bradley Foundation maintains, should be documented. 216.113.193.87 (talk) 07:12, 27 December 2011 (UTC)

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John Birch Society
Bradley was a founding member of John Birch Society, it is relevant to have a link to the John Birch Society page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by MeropeRiddle (talk)

 * This article is about the the Bradley Foundation, not the Bradley brothers. If this information is relevant it belongs (with a source) in their (Harry Lynde Bradley, Lynde Bradley) articles, not here. 32.218.43.95 (talk) 20:29, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

 * The founder of the Bradley Foundation was a founding member of John Birch Society, which makes a link to the John Birch Society page relavant. Per Wikipedias Manual of Style "The links in the "See also" section might be only indirectly related to the topic of the article because one purpose of "See also" links is to enable readers to explore tangentially related topics." MeropeRiddle (talk) 05:16, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

 * If there is relevance, it belongs in the individual's article, not here. This is the epitome of tendentious editing. 32.218.38.139 (talk) 13:37, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

 * What is the relationship, expressed in reliable sources, between the subject of this article and the JBS? Thanks. Hugh (talk) 14:22, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

 * The enitre purpose of the organization's existence is an attempt to preserve and extend the principles and philosophy of the Bradley brothers. It is not unreasonable to reference an existing organization of which they were a known member and supporter that also share similar principles and philosophy. i.e. extending quality education to children through charter and voucher programs. 1. Here is a regional article referencing that he was a supporter: http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/from-local-roots-bradley-foundation-builds-conservative-empire-k7337pb-134187368.html 2. http://www.bradleyfdn.org/On-Lion-Letter/ID/479/Top-researchers-evidence-points-to-school-voucher-effectiveness

 * So the foundation wasn't established until after the death of one brother and didn't become prominent until both were decades dead...the possible JBS membership of one of the long dead men is irrelevent. Capitalismojo (talk) 14:47, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

 * I also note that the jsonline ref added above specifically undermines the contention of relevence: "In 1985, all changed with sale of the Allen-Bradley Co. to Rockwell International for $1.65 billion. A portion of the proceeds boosted the foundation's assets to a stunning $290 million.With the cash came a new name, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, and a broadened mission - to promote conservative ideas and values on a national stage.  So we have an organization decades removed from the death of the founders, with a new mission, and no evidence of any meaningful connection whatsoever to the foundation and the John Birch Society. None. Capitalismojo (talk) 14:54, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

 * Regardless of date of establishment or decades dead, they are Wisconsin organizations that share similar/common goals which makes it reasonable to to reference as an indirect and/or tangentially related topic. I'mn ot sure what the goal is in removing something that is tangentially related to a topic, when the purpose is to allow people to explore. JBS is an Educational and political advocacy group and Bradley Foundation is very philanthropic/involved in charter school funding. Just because an organization has increased funding to extend their missions on a national level, doesnt mean they arent indirectly or tangentially topically related to smaller organizations. It doesn't change the fact that the mission of the organization if to preserve and extend the principles and philosophy of the Bradley brothers, they just have the capacity to do so on a mauch larger scale. JBS is also conservative, which makes them another wisconsin/conservative organization. It is not unreasonable to reference another wisconsin conservative organization. MeropeRiddle (talk) 15:12, 21 October 2015 (UTC)
 * The arguments are increasingly tendentious. The John Birch Society is a bunch of wackjobs that were famously drummed out of the conservative movement in the 1960s. It has never, ever, ever been an "Educational" advocacy group. There are no reliable source refs that suggest that the Bradley Foundation has any connection to the John Birch Society. Period. Capitalismojo (talk) 15:46, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

 * "is a bunch of wackjobs" I was unaware of this. I simply thought they were similar Wisconsin-based organization with some shared goals in regards to edcucation reform.  Upon further googling, I see a lot of articles that go off on the deep end.  MeropeRiddle (talk) 16:37, 21 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Please review the rest of the external links in the light of WP:RF, WP:SEEALSO, WP:EMBED, and WP:OR. Thanks again. Hugh (talk) 17:32, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

I do not believe that our readers, after finishing reading our article on the Bradley Foundation, would next naturally want to read more about the John Birch Society; WP:RF, WP:SEEALSO, WP:EMBED. Both conservative, ok; some common actors, ok; both Wisconsin based, maybe; without WP:RS this seems like a stretch to me WP:OR. Thank you. Hugh (talk) 16:01, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

 * I agree with HughD. Capitalismojo (talk) 16:11, 21 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Gorsuch and union busting
Will be looking for entire section of tie in and victory trot at Trump's Washington hotel. Wikipietime (talk) 03:23, 30 September 2017 (UTC)

Failure to document that the group is a right-wing org
The article misleadingly presents this organization as a normal charity that gives to typical charity causes. However, this is a right-wing advocacy organization that primarily funnels money towards groups that push right-wing policies, including climate change denial, union busting, and social conservatism. RS make it clear that this organization primarily funds conservative advocacy organizations, whereas the only sources in this article that blandly describe it as a "charity" are self-sourced. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 16:31, 4 January 2021 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you mean by "normal charity", but as a matter of fact, the Bradley Foundation is an IRS-designated tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization, classified as a T21 ("Corporate Foundations within the Philanthropy, Voluntarism and Grantmaking Foundations category"). This means that legally it gives money to other 501(c)(3) organizations. It would have to have a 501(c)(4) designation to engage in advocacy or lobbying activities. Our article, based on reliable sources, documents that the Bradley Foundation often gives money to conservative groups. So, it is accurately described as a nonprofit charitable foundation that donates to conservative groups. Marquardtika (talk) 17:08, 4 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Reliable sources do not describe it as a "nonprofit charitable foundation" or "charitable foundation". They do not describe it that way because doing so would be misleading in the extreme. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 17:14, 4 January 2021 (UTC)

 * It's literally true that it is a nonprofit charitable foundation. It's an IRS legal designation. You changed the description to "right-wing advocacy organization" based on a source which says no such thing. The source describes the Bradley Foundation as "a leading source of ideas and financing for American conservatives." It also says "The foundation — named after brothers, Lynde and Harry Bradley, who were well-known Wisconsin industrialists — has more than $800 million in assets. It supports arts, education and health organizations in Wisconsin as well as, increasingly, the goals of American conservatism." Where did you get "right-wing advocacy organization" from that? If you want to introduce a new description of the group, you should find some sourcing that bears it out and integrate it with the existing content and sourcing. Marquardtika (talk) 17:27, 4 January 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Bradley Foundation


text:
Talk:Ontario Highway 403

Oakville / Ford Drive rework
This needs serious work before it get's put in the article. The TESR basically went nowhere with any part of its preferred design, and the Bot Construction page is completely dateless (though it can at least be used for describing what work is being done. --  Floydian  τ ¢ 02:47, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

In Oakville, improvements are being made to the Highway 403/QEW/Ford Drive interchange starting in 2016. As of 2017, traffic using the existing loop ramp in the NE corner to access Highway 403/QEW will be directed onto a new overpass instead of sharing the existing overpass with westbound Highway 403 traffic. From November 2016 to 2020, the 1970s-era bridges carrying QEW traffic across Ford Drive and the eastbound ramp to Highway 403 were demolished and replaced by new wider structures which can accommodate future HOV lanes and high-mast lighting. At the present Highway 403 only connects to the QEW west of the interchange, but flyover ramps are being proposed from Highway 403 to the QEW east of that junction using the existing right-of-way which would allow for a direct freeway connection from Milton to south Mississauga.

 * Some better refs showing the current construction (which does not include the new N-E ramps)
 *
 *
 *
 *

Traffic volume?
I'm not familiar with the conventions for road articles, but it seems odd that there is no mention of the average traffic volume, as there is for Highway 401. It's not as busy as the 401 of course but this seems like relevant information to include for any major highway. Spicy (talk) 00:57, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

 * The table on Highway 401 isn't common for other road articles, but you're right that there should be some mention. I'll add it in a bit when I get on my laptop. For reference, the highest volume in 2016 was between Eglinton and Hurontario (180,000), while the lowest was at the westernmost end of the highway (20,900). - Floydian τ ¢ 03:42, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ontario Highway 403


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tossed Salad

This page was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was. Kept as redirect.

Tossed Salad
Ewwwwww... do we really need articles on disgusting sexual positions? Luigi30 03:52, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Redirect to salad --Carnildo 00:53, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with Anal-oral contact. Goplat 03:59, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect only to annilingus. Again, I, apparently, have not been keeping up with the kids.  Apparently, this is a Howard Stern-generated or propagated term. Geogre 05:21, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * anilingus is a redirect to Anal-oral contact. Redirect to Anal-oral contact. Mike H 05:23, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * I would recommend a disambig, rather than a re-direct. I don't think we want someone looking up info about a healthy side dish for a barbeque to end up at an article about rimming :) -- Chuq 05:28, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, yeh. Forgot totally. I have dirty on the brain. :) Mike H 05:32, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Why are we even voting about this? :-) This page should be deleted completely or possibly redirected to Salad. I has nothing to do with sex at all as that term is referred to as "salad tossing" because it's something you DO, not a noun. I can redirect it immediately and we can stop this farce. any objections? --Regebro 12:07, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * What you consider to be disgusting, Luigi30, has no bearing on whether or not an article should be included in the encyclopædia. If this slang term is indeed in common use, then I suggest a redirect to annilingus or anal-oral contact. —Psychonaut 21:07, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I second Chug - disambig, not redirect - "tossed salad" is definitely used frequently to mean regular old salad with lettuce and tomatoes. Spangineer 23:45, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * transwiki. This is a straight dictionary definition, it belongs on wiktionary. There is no difference between tossed salad and ass-licking, rimming, or whatever else you want to call it.  --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 00:06, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I think specifics of the act described here (prison and jelly) are borrowed from Chris Rock's "Bring the Pain" (but it isn't an actual quote). Move to tossed salad and disambiguate.  -Sean Curtin 00:37, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Content might be moved to the rimming article in principle, but defining a mainstream term for a common food item as prison jargon for slurpin' the strawberry ain't encyclopedic, and diminishes wiki. Wyss 00:46, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, or use this title to refer to the food. Concur with Wyss, but even more importantly concur with Regebro: to the best of my knowledge no one calls this "tossed salad" they call it "salad tossing" or "tossing [someone's] salad": verb, not noun. Has anyone ever heard this exact term used this way? -- Jmabel | Talk 08:17, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Was Google broken when you asked this? ;)  12,600 hits for "tossed salad" +sex.  Other combinations bring up similarly strong numbers. --[[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:04, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The first four are relevant; of the next 16, 15 are coincidence and only one (a stupid joke about Calvin Klein) is relevant. I suspect that you Google test may be misleading, since this suggests that it overstates the matter by a factor of four. -- Jmabel | Talk 00:07, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge possibly with List of sex positions. --MPerel 16:50, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * To answer Luigi30 first: Yes, we do and should carry articles on "disgusting sexual positions". As for my vote: keep and disambiguate as sensibly suggested by Chuq, or as others affectionately refer to him, Chug.   --[[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 18:59, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd redirect it to salad, but redirect phrases like "toss the salad" and "tossing the salad" to anal-oral contact. "Tossed salad" appears as an item on menus and in cookbooks, but the other phrases are deliberately different and usually refer only to the sexual practice. Inky 22:13, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * What you are saying, Inky, is in direct opposition to the 12,600 google hits I mentioned above. Our job on Wikipedia VfD is not to redefine terms already in use.  Disambiguate, do not redefine.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 22:49, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Point taken. Keep and disambiguate then. We're a little behind the times on slang down here in Texas. I mean, we're still using "gold mining" as slang for picking one's nose. :-) Inky 04:39, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I suppose you are right, although as remarked above, many of these Google hits are coincidental conjunctions. -- Jmabel | Talk 07:44, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not in direct opposition to the hits. Most hits having to do with rimming actually use terms like "toss my salad" or "salad tossing". And, if we disambiguate, then we add a dictionary definition into wikipedia, which is wrong. There is no reason to disambiguate. --Regebro 08:59, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Disambiguate with the sexual reference pointing to Anal-oral contact. Euphoria 05:09, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Disambiguate. As stands, this is just a dicadef.  --L33tminion | (talk) 00:02, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Disambiguate, as Euphoria suggests. The other should probably point into wikibooks recipies. --Improv 19:46, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Disambiguate Hazzamon 12:32, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:West Virginia state senators

title: Category:West Virginia state senators


text: Category:Members of the West Virginia House of Delegates


text: Category:West Virginia Legislature

title: Category:West Virginia Legislature


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Orko (character)

Orko is a fictional character from the Masters of the Universe franchise. Orko is a sorcerer and the last of his kind. He first appeared in the 1980s Filmation series He-Man and the Masters of the Universe. He also made feature appearances in episodes of the show's direct spinoff series, She-Ra: Princess of Power and then in the 2002 remake of the original series. In 2021, Orko returned for Masters of the Universe: Revelation which serves as a continuation of the original 1980s series.

He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (1983)
Orko was first introduced in the 1983 animated series. Orko was not part of the original toy collection on which the 1980s show is based, but when he was created by the show's writers as comic relief, a toy figure of him was later manufactured. Orko is a Trollan, a race of beings from Trolla, a world in another dimension. Trollans wear red robes and hats and hide their faces beneath hats and scarves since in Trollan society, showing one's face to each other is considered an intimate act. A production drawing of Orko without his hat showed him resembling a little blue elf, but it was never used in the series. Orko does reveal his face in the episode "Dawn of Dragoon," but his face is not visible to the audience, though his shadow indicates he is bald. Trollans appear to be blue-skinned humanoids with pointy ears. However, their feet remain hidden under their robes. Trollans have natural magical abilities, including levitation, which they use exclusively instead of walking. In one episode, Orko temporarily loses the power of levitation, and can be seen crawling around on his knees. Orko knows He-Man's true identity. The character was named 'Gorpo' in the early original series drafts, but he was renamed ‘Orko’ (his original name was used in the Brazilian Portuguese-language dub of the original series)

She-Ra: Princess of Power (1985)
Orko played a key role in several episodes of this spin off series about He-Man's twin sister She-Ra, as well as featuring as a main character in the He-Man and She-Ra Christmas special made-for-television movie.

He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (2002)
In the 2002 remake series, Orko is essentially the same with a slightly more elaborate costume. It is revealed that he and Cringer followed Prince Adam to Castle Grayskull and watched him transform into He-Man for the first time. Orko then follows He-Man and the new Battle Cat into battle and almost reveals He-Man's identity to Teela and the other Masters, despite having been warned not to by both The Sorceress and He-Man. Fortunately, Man-At-Arms, who recognizes He-Man as the alter ego of Adam, quickly steps in and stops him, informing Teela and the other Masters that the new hero is He-Man and that the Sorceress had told him of He-Man's coming beforehand. In this series, Orko was a very powerful wizard, but when he came to Eternia and saved Prince Adam, he lost his wand, which he needed to control his magic. Orko has been the jester of the royal palace since his arrival, and although he is well liked, only a few take him seriously. Orko is always keen to become the great sorcerer he once was; however, without his wand to control his magic, he is prone to causing havoc around the palace. Despite not having his wand, there have been instances where Orko has played a huge role in battles. In the episode "Lesson," he managed to successfully disarm Skeletor of the Ram Stone. In the episode "Last Stand," Orko managed to evade being captured by Skeletor's council of evil and returned Prince Adam's power sword to him. A flashback episode, "The Power of Grayskull," reveals the history of Adam's ancestor, King Grayskull, who goes on a quest for the power to defend Eternia, and encounters an Oracle who looked and sounded much like Orko, suggesting that other Trollans might have found their way to Eternia.

Masters of the Universe: Revelation (2021)
In July 2021, the Netflix series Masters of the Universe: Revelation was released. The series is a pseudo-continuation of the original He-Man and the Masters of the Universe series and takes place many years after the events of the original series. Orko is voiced by actor Griffin Newman. Orko first appears to be the same comic relief as he was in the 1980s series. Following the death of Prince Adam who, as He-Man sacrifices himself for his friends, Adam's father, King Randor banishes Duncan/Man-At-Arms for failing him and allowing his son to die. Duncan's daughter Teela, now aware that Adam is He-Man, resigns from her position as Captain of the Palace Royal Guard, which she was recently appointed to, and feels betrayed that her father kept Adam's secret hidden from her all these years. Orko pleads with her to not leave, but she does regardless. We will next see Orko some time later living with Duncan. Orko is in a very weak state having lost most of his powers and magical abilities due to the events surrounding He-Man's death. Teela along with Evil-Lynn, Beast Man, and Andra pays a visit to her now estranged father asking for his help and his expertise to locate and combine the two halves of the Sword of Power. Roboto is sent in his place and Orko also joins the group on their journey to locate the Sword of Power. In the fourth episode of the series titled "Land of the Dead" upon entering Subternia, Evil-Lyn and Orko are separated from the remainder of their group within an illusion while Teela is isolated by Scare Glow who has taken over the Land of the Dead. Orko reveals to Evil-Lyn that his original name was in fact Oracle. When he was younger, he pronounced it "Orko". Orko discovers that the Font of Mystical Energy, the lifeforce of Orko's species, has been dried up, making Orko the last Trollan species left. Deceased spirits of the Trollans arrive and merge to form a monster to combat Evil-Lyn and Orko while Teela faces off against nightmare versions of He-Man and herself. Teela conquers her fear of her own power, destroys all the illusions, and the group is reunited. Evil-Lyn uses the half of the Sword of Power to open a gate to Preternia, but is chased after by Scare Glow. Orko remains behind and sacrifices himself to hold Scare Glow off while the rest of the group escape. In the following episode "The Forge at the Forrest Forever", the group of heroes mourn the death of their friend Orko and a gravestone is seen with his name on it.

The showrunner Kevin Smith described the decision to kill the character as a way to create compelling drama from a weak character who was seen by the writers as unpopular. A reviewer for CBR praised the decision, saying the redemption arc brought depth to what had previously been the series' worst character.

Comics
In the Marvel/Star Comics, Orko is more or less similar to his animated counterpart.

In the DC series, DC Universe vs. The Masters of the Universe, during the time that Skeletor had taken over Eternia, Orko discovered that Skeletor had the Skull of Power, and tried to destroy it, but sadly Orko's spell backfired. Orko got blasted by the full force of evil inside the skull. Orko absorbed the worst of the skull and it unlocked his mental barriers, granting him power undreamed of. This came at the cost of his humanity, and made him a "Mad God."

Then, when Skeletor was defeated by He-Man, Dark Orko used his power to transport Skeletor to Trolla, Orko's home dimension. There, Dark Orko had transformed the Trollans into monsters and he used his power to transform Skeletor into something more powerful, and sent him to Earth. There, Dark Orko commanded Skeletor to siphon Earth's magic and funnel it to him on Trolla. Skeletor obeyed, and when He-Man, Teela and Evil-Lyn show up, Dark Orko kidnaps Superman, traps him on Trolla, and replaces him with a copy, which He-Man accidentally kills, thus turning the heroes of Earth against the Masters of the Universe.

While the Masters fight the heroes of Earth, Dark Orko tortures Superman on Trolla. When He-Man arrives on Trolla, Dark Orko turns to Skeletor for help, but Skeletor turns on Dark Orko, pulling the wizard off Trolla on to Earth. There, Dark Orko battles the heroes of Earth and the Masters of the Universe. Then, when Superman and He-Man destroy the Skull of Power, Skeletor attacks Dark Orko, banishing him to places unknown. Afterwards, He-Man vows not to rest until Orko's soul has been purged of evil.

Live-action
Orko was originally supposed to appear in the 1987 live-action "Masters of the Universe" theatrical film, but his design was too complex for the studio to produce in live action with its limited budget. Instead the character of Gwildor, played by Billy Barty was created for the film to replace Orko and provide the comic relief. Frederick S. Clarke explains that Gwildor was "reportedly a stand-in for Orko...In the series, Orko has no feet or legs and is always seen floating or flying, a difficult concept to film live."

In 2018 it was reported that Orko will appear in the upcoming live-action movie. In the film, Orko will be reimagined as a small man whose self-doubt holds him back from being a reasonably mediocre wizard. Since 2018, the film has seen many delays and changes with cast and scripts along with the release date pushed back many times. As of July 2021, production on the film has yet to begin and currently appears to be on hold.

Analysis
Priscilla Kiehnle Warner believed that Orko's face was depicted as "[r]ounded eyes in a drakened space" in order to "indicate innocence".

Cultural references

 * In an episode of the television series Robot Chicken, after seeing He-Man dead after Beast Man killed him with his axe, Orko used his sword to become powerful and defeat Skeletor and his minions single handedly. When the Sorceress wanted to take He-Man back to Castle Grayskull to bring him back to life, Orko kills her with his sword so that he may remain powerful rather than regressing to being the court jester again. In the episode "I'm Trapped", Orko appeared as a partygoer at King Randor's birthday party when Faker (who was mistaken for the real He-Man) showed up. Claiming Faker was cold, Orko offered him some hot coffee only for Faker to spill it into Orko's hood. In the episode "Major League of Extraordinary Gentlemen", Orko fumes at being stuck in an elevator with Snarf from ThunderCats and ridicules his habit of repeating his name after every sentence;
 * In "Imaginationland", an episode of the television series South Park, Orko appears as an inhabitant of the eponymous dimension.

title: Orko (character)


text:
Drawn & Quarterly

Drawn & Quarterly (D+Q) is a publishing company based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, specializing in comics. It publishes primarily comic books, graphic novels and comic strip collections. The books it publishes are noted for their artistic content, as well as the quality of printing and design. The name of the company is a pun on "drawing", "quarterly", and the practice of hanging, drawing and quartering. Initially it specialized in underground and alternative comics, but has since expanded into classic reprints and translations of foreign works. Drawn & Quarterly was the company's flagship quarterly anthology during the 1990s.

It is currently the most successful and prominent comics publisher in Canada, publishing well-known comic artists such as Lynda Barry, Kate Beaton, Marc Bell, Chester Brown, Daniel Clowes, Michael DeForge, Guy Delisle, Julie Doucet, Mary Fleener, Joe Matt, Shigeru Mizuki, Rutu Modan, Joe Sacco, Seth, Yoshihiro Tatsumi, Adrian Tomine and Chris Ware. In 2006, Drawn & Quarterly began publishing the Moomin comic strips of Finnish writer and artist Tove Jansson, in book format, in the series Moomin: The Complete Tove Jansson Comic Strip. Drawn & Quarterly has a strong reputation in the comics community and its anthologies have won a number of Harvey Awards.

Overview
Drawn & Quarterly has become one of the most influential alternative comics publishers, along with Fantagraphics Books of Seattle, Washington. The publisher has a reputation for the quality of the books it publishes, both in terms of content as well as the books' paper, binding and design. The publisher's owner, Chris Oliveros, has a hands-off relationship with the artists he publishes.

History
Drawn & Quarterly was founded in 1990 by Montrealer Chris Oliveros, age 23 at the time.

Oliveros was inspired by Art Spiegelman and Françoise Mouly's Raw to publish an arts comics periodical. He borrowed $2,000 from his father to publish the first issue of the anthology magazine Drawn & Quarterly, which debuted in April 1990. It was intended to be published four times a year, containing short arts comics. Soon, Oliveros realized there were arts comics which were too long to be contained in his magazine, and began publishing stand-alone comic books and graphic novels, beginning with Julie Doucet's comic book Dirty Plotte. Seth, Joe Matt, and Chester Brown, Toronto-based cartoonists who soon became associated with the publisher. In the early 2000s, Brown had a surprise bestseller with Louis Riel. In 2003, A Drawn & Quarterly Manifesto was released, describing to booksellers how to stock and sell graphic novels.

As graphic novels became more popular with the public, Oliveros found the need for a publicist. He asked Peggy Burns, who was doing such work at DC Comics, if she knew someone who could fill the job. Burns offered herself, and moved from New York City to Montreal. She was the company's third employee, and soon signed a distribution deal for the publisher with Farrar, Straus and Giroux, which greatly expanded the company's exposure, while giving it a literary air. Drawn & Quarterly reduced the number of serialized titles it published, focusing on book-form comics such as collections and graphic novels. The company now employs 25 people.

While at first publishing mainly Canadian and American artists, during the 2000s the publisher expanded its catalogue with European artists like Philippe Dupuy and Charles Berbérian, Lewis Trondheim, and Guy Delisle, as well as exploring the Japanese gekiga movement. It also began publishing the works of Shigeru Mizuki, Susumu Katsumata, Yoshihiro Tatsumi, Oji Suzuki, and Seiichi Hayashi for the first time in English.

In 2015, the publisher produced a collection titled Drawn & Quarterly: Twenty-Five Years of Contemporary Cartooning, Comics and Graphic Novels, featuring of out-of-print work, remembrances, and essays by well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood. The same year, Oliveros stepped down as publisher to focus on his own cartooning, intending to self-publish the graphic novel The Envelope Manufacturer. In his place, Burns took over as publisher and creative director Tom Devlin became executive editor.

In November 2023, employees of Drawn & Quarterly formed a union with the Fédération du Commerce under the Confédération des Syndicats Nationaux, with certification from the Administrative Labor Tribunal of Quebec.

Librairie Drawn & Quarterly
In 2007, Drawn & Quarterly opened an English-language bookshop on Bernard Street in Mile End, Montreal, selling graphic novels, prose literature, non-fiction, poetry and fine art book. In 2017, the store expanded and opened La Petite Librairie Drawn & Quarterly, a children's bookshop during the day and event space at night.

Over the years, Librairie D+Q has become one of the leading stores in Canada and North America. The store has hosted events with their own cartoonists such as Lynda Barry, Adrian Tomine, Chris Ware, Leanne Shapton, Seth, Chester Brown as well as novelists including Margaret Atwood, Neil Gaiman, Junot Diaz, Paul Auster, Sheila Heti, Miranda July, David Byrne, Gloria Steinem, Roxane Gay, Carrie Brownstein, Alison Bechdel and many more.

Showcase
From 2003 to 2008, Drawn & Quarterly published Showcase, an anthology magazine which offered greater visibility to lesser known authors. The magazine presented up to 3 authors in each of its five issues.

Imprints
In 2004, Drawn & Quarterly began an imprint for non-comics art books called Petit Livre. The publisher also has an imprint for children called Enfant, with which they have published the Moomin works of Tove Jansson and Pippi Longstocking comics by Astrid Lindgren and Ingrid Vang Nyman, and contemporary kids books by Elise Gravel, Leanne Shapton and Anouk Ricard.

title: Drawn & Quarterly


text:
User talk:JesseW/BookmarkletsUniversal

Here's the Emacs regex's I used to make this: (Replace philburns address with the approprite site, of couse.)

Replace regexp ^\(.+\)\(javascript:.+\)QBREAKQ\(.+\)$ with: ====\1==== \2 </pre>
 * <pre>
 * Description : \3
 * From : http://www.philburns.com/bookmarklets.html

To generate the data, I used a bookmarklet(-) ), which is here. If you have any questions, please ask me. JesseW 03:56, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Putting each bookmarklet on one line (for sorting)
Here's Emacs code I wrote to put each bookmarklet on one line. (defun toggle-real-newlines "Toggles newlines turning into fake newlines, and back." (interactive) (save-excursion (let ((fakenl "@This is a newline@"))   (beginning-of-buffer) (if (search-forward fakenl nil t) 			    (progn (beginning-of-buffer) 				   (replace-string fakenl "\n")) (progn (beginning-of-buffer) 				 (replace-string "\n" fakenl))))))

(defun toggle-uniline-sections (replacement) "Makes everything into one line, divided by `replacement`.

`replacement` should include %s, which is replaced with a real or fake newline as appropriate. Uses toggle-real-newlines." (interactive "MReplacement: ")  (save-excursion     (let* ((fakenl "@This is a newline@") 	  (rep-real (format replacement "\n"))	  (rep-fake (format replacement fakenl)))      (beginning-of-buffer)       (if (search-forward fakenl nil t) 	  (progn (beginning-of-buffer) (replace-string rep-real rep-fake)		 (toggle-real-newlines))	(progn (toggle-real-newlines)	       (beginning-of-buffer) (replace-string rep-fake rep-real))))))
 * Written on Tue Dec 7 14:02:46 2004

(defun toggle-uniline-universal-bookmarklets-page "Makes each bookmarklet (and section title) into one line." (interactive) (toggle-uniline-sections "%s===")) Feel free to ask me if you have any questions about it. JesseW 22:10, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Written on Tue Dec 7 13:49:10 2004

Partial solution to getting subsimple's bookmarklets imported here
(defun doit "Function to organize stuff from subsimple. Sort-of-works." (interactive)  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-regexp " +" "BOOKMARKLET_BEGIN_QQ")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-query-regexp " +  \(.+\) " "BOOKMARKLET_NAME:\1")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-string "\n    " " ")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-regexp "\(.+?\)" "[\1 \2]")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-regexp " \n" " ")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-regexp " " "\nBOOKMARKLET_DESCRIP:")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-regexp "" "\nBOOKMARKLET_CODE:")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-regexp ".+" "REALCODE: javascript:\1")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-regexp "^[\n ]+$" "")  (beginning-of-buffer)  (replace-string "\n\n" "\n")  (beginning-of-buffer) (replace-string "BOOKMARKLET_CODE:\n" "BOOKMARKLET_CODE:") (beginning-of-buffer) (replace-regexp "^[^A-Z].+$" "") ;; delete any lines not beginning with A-Z (beginning-of-buffer) (replace-string "\n\n" "\n") (beginning-of-buffer)) This is mainly just saved here for my convinence.

title: User talk:JesseW/BookmarkletsUniversal


text:
Toyota Sienna

The Toyota Sienna is a minivan manufactured and marketed by Toyota primarily for the North American market. It is named for the Italian city of Siena, in the region of Tuscany. It replaced the first generation Previa van in 1997 with a more conventional front-wheel drive layout and shares a heavily revised platform with the Camry. Both the Previa and original Sienna were smaller than the other minivans they competed against, but a redesign in 2003 (for the 2004 model year) increased the dimensions to match those of its competitors.

It was redesigned again in 2010 (for the 2011 model year). The third generation Sienna went on sale in the United States in February 2010 and is the first Sienna to ever receive a "Top Safety Pick" award from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. A 2020 redesign (for the 2021 model year) saw the Sienna becoming a hybrid vehicle for its fourth generation. While previous generations of the Sienna were exported to select Asian and European markets, the fourth generation is the first to be produced outside of the United States as Chinese production commenced in July 2021 by two Toyota joint ventures. In China, it is also marketed as the Toyota Granvia.

Following the discontinuation of General Motors's all-wheel drive minivans in 2006, the Sienna was the only minivan in its class offered with AWD in North America until the 2021 Chrysler Pacifica was introduced with an AWD option in 2020.

The Sienna is not available in Japan and Australia as it is not produced in a right-hand drive configuration, and the segment in these countries is already occupied by the Alphard/Vellfire and the HiAce/Granvia respectively.

As of the fourth generation, introduced in 2020, the Sienna is now built on Toyota's TNGA-K platform, which it shares with most of Toyota’s other large MPVs and crossovers.

First generation (XL10; 1997)
In 1997, Toyota launched the front-wheel drive 1998 model year Sienna in the North American market as a replacement for the mid-engined, rear-wheel-drive Previa. The Sienna debuted with a 3.0-liter 1MZ-FE V6 engine rated at 145 kW and 284 Nm of torque. Built on an extended platform of the XV20 Toyota Camry, the Sienna was appropriately marketed as the "Camry of minivans," capitalizing on the Camry's popularity and reputation.

It came in three trim levels: CE, LE, and XLE. The LE and XLE models were equipped with second row captain's chairs while the CE models came equipped with a two-passenger bench seat in the second row. The seats may be folded and individually removed as needed. The driver side sliding door and roof rack were standard on the LE and XLE models, but were optional on the CE models. The XLE models offered leather seats and a wood trim package. The Sienna also touted best-in-class fuel economy of 16 mpgus city driving and 22 mpgus highway driving. It was built in Georgetown, Kentucky. A year after its release, the Sienna faced new competition from the redesigned Honda Odyssey minivan, which was larger and now offered a V6 like the Sienna.

In 2000, for the 2001 model year, the Sienna underwent a mid-cycle refresh. This update included a facelift to both front and rear fascias which added a redesigned front grille and bumper along with revised rear tail lights sporting a more modern appearance, with clear-lens turn-signals as opposed to amber-coloured. Toyota also revamped the center console area to add more usability to the HVAC controls along with new locations for the accessory switches (rear vent, power sliding doors, heated seats). The engine also came equipped with a variable valve timing feature VVT-i boosting output to 210 hp and 220 lbft of torque. The driver side sliding door became standard on all models, although the roof rack remained optional on the CE models.

This generation was noteworthy for its impressive safety content as one of the few minivans at the time to offer options including front seat-mounted side torso airbags and Vehicle Stability Control. Anti-lock braking was standard. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rated the Sienna "Good" in all six frontal crash test measures, which was far better than the Previa.

The reputation of this generation was marred by a class-action settlement for an engine oil sludge problem which affected the V6 engines in many Toyota models. Symptoms of the problem include oil smoke in the exhaust, oil quickly becoming dark or black after an oil change, gasoline odor in the oil, high oil consumption, and eventually engine failure.

Second generation (XL20; 2003)
On 6 January 2003, the second-generation Sienna was unveiled at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Production was moved from the Georgetown plant to Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana.

Toyota assigned Yuji Yokoya as chief engineer on the new Sienna project. Yokoya and his family drove the previous model over 53000 mi throughout North America to find weaknesses from the design.

Changes from the first generation included 45% more volume overall and 39% more cargo space. The seats were in the 60/40 split configuration, and the flat-folding third row seat was offered even with all-wheel-drive. The engine was an updated ULEV certified 3.3-liter 3MZ-FE V6 paired with a new five-speed automatic transmission. The gear stick was moved from the steering column to the center console and had a gated shift pattern. Seating for eight was optional on lower-level trims, and the third row seating was fold-flat, allowing the van to transport 4 by building materials like plywood and drywall sheets.

Trim levels, in order of increasing standard and available features were: CE, LE, XLE and XLE Limited (renamed Limited in later years). The most distinguishable difference on the XLE Limited model was the horizontal chrome bar placed above the rear license plate. The CE had a black trim there, while the LE and XLE had a body-colored trim.

Standard features included remote keyless entry, tilt-and-telescopic steering wheel, and high solar energy-absorbing glass (HSEA) on the windshield and front windows. All 2004–2007 Siennas had a factory tow package (hitch kit and trailer lighting connections not included) and a 3500 lb towing capacity.

All-wheel drive, optional on the more expensive trims included run-flat tires. The all-wheel drive system continuously divided engine power 50:50 front and rear.

Options, depending on the trim level, included HID Xenon headlamps, Dynamic Laser Cruise Control, parking sensors, a convex rear view mirror to enable the driver to see the passengers, a voice-activated navigation system (not voice activated for the 2004/2005 model year) which included a backup camera, 10-speaker JBL audio and rear-seat DVD entertainment system with two 110 V outlets.

Updated styling allowed for a. EPA Fuel economy was 17 mpg city driving and 23 mpg highway for the FWD version. The AWD version got 16 mpg city driving and 22 mpg highway driving. The turning radius was 11.2 m.

Safety
The Sienna came standard with anti-lock braking system, brake assist, electronic brakeforce distribution, traction control and a tire-pressure monitoring system. Side torso airbags and side curtain airbags were standard on certain 2004 and 2005 LE and XLE trims while optional on others, but became standard on all 2006 trims. Vehicle Stability Control initially optional on lower trims became standard for 2008 models.

The IIHS gives the Sienna an overall "Good" score in their frontal offset crash test with "Good" marks in all six measured categories. All 2006 models and later receive a "Good" overall score, while pre-2006 models without side airbags receive an "Acceptable" score for side impacts.

Model year changes

 * 2006: the front fascia, side molding, headlamps and tail lights were restyled. Blue-backlit electroluminescent Optitron gauges were added to LE, XLE, and Limited trims. The "XLE" prefix in "XLE Limited" was removed, and new exclusive equipment for this trim included an optional memory function for the driver's power seat and side-view mirrors (also available on XLE as an option) and power-folding exterior side-view mirrors with integrated in-glass LED turn-signal repeaters. Other options included Bluetooth and a power-folding third-row seat. Front row side torso airbags and side curtain airbags for all three rows became standard equipment on all models. The optional rear seat audio system was discontinued. Horsepower and torque ratings were changed to meet SAE's new standard to 215 hp and 222 lb·ft (from 230 hp and 242 lbft, Toyota also now rates engines on 87 octane).
 * 2007: a new ULEV-II certified 3.5-liter 2GR-FE V6 engine rated at 266 hp with a rated fuel economy of 17/23 MPG for front-wheel-drive models and 16/21 MPG for AWD models replaced the 3.3-liter V6. This engine had a lower-maintenance timing chain as opposed to the timing belt of previous Sienna engines. The tire pressure monitor was upgraded, and a new seven-spoke alloy wheel design was made exclusive to the Limited and AWD models.
 * 2008: Vehicle Stability Control became standard in all trims.
 * 2009: the Sienna remained largely unchanged, except for a revision in pricing to become more competitive through several available comprehensively equipped "extra-value package" offerings. In Canada, base prices were lowered by up to $1,500. Rear power window switches were also modified to comply with new regulations against toggle window switches.
 * 2010: the second generation Sienna was unchanged in its final model year.

Third generation (XL30; 2010)
The redesigned Sienna premiered at the Los Angeles Auto Show in early December 2009 for the 2011 model year. It was designed at Calty studios and engineered at Toyota Technical Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan and Toyota Motor Corporation in Japan. The new Sienna arrived at dealers in February 2010. In November 2011, exports of the XL30 Sienna to South Korea began, making it the first Toyota minivan sold in the country. In July 2016, the Sienna was officially introduced to the Taiwanese market.

In the U.S., the third-generation Sienna was offered in five trim levels, a base grade, LE, XLE, Limited and for the first time the SE trim. The new SE offers revised bodywork, clear tail lamps, 19 in wheels, firmer suspension and revised steering tuning for a sportier ride. All-wheel-drive is only available with the V6 engine on the LE, XLE and Limited model trims. Described by AOL Autos as slipping a sports car in a minivan, chief engineer Kazuo Mori (an avid autocrosser) reportedly had to overcome opposition to get the SE equipment package included in the line-up.

The previous 3.5-liter 2GR-FE continues, now coupled to a six-speed transmission, but for the first time the Sienna offers a four-cylinder engine, the 1AR-FE. This is the first time Toyota has offered a four-cylinder engine in a North American minivan since discontinuation of the Estima/Previa in late 1997. An electric power steering (EPS) system replaces the previous hydraulic power steering system. Toyota continued to offer all-wheel drive in the Sienna. As GM discontinued its AWD minivans after the 2006 model year, it was the only North American minivan with an available AWD drivetrain until the 2021 Chrysler Pacifica went on sale in late 2020. Toyota published EPA-estimated mileage figures of 19 mpgus city / 24 mpgus highway for models powered by the 4-cylinder engine, 18 mpgus city / 24 mpgus highway for 2WD V6 models, and 16 mpgus city / 22 mpgus highway for AWD models. An optional tow package for V6 models is rated to tow 3500 lb.

The front dashboard features a "swoop" wood trim, inspired by the Toyota Venza and Lexus RX, that gives front seat occupants a "60/60" split whether in the driver or passenger seat.

New features included an optional sliding second row with "Lounge Seating" recliner style chairs, a feature previously seen on the Lexus LS, and Toyota's keyless Smart Key System with push-button start. The rear seat entertainment option now uses a 16.4 in LCD screen which operates in two view modes, a single 16:9-ratio widescreen or two separate 4:3-ratio split screens with separate wireless headphones.

For safety the back-up camera comes with a new 180° panoramic view. Other new options include a Pre-Collision System (PCS) as well as an automatic highbeam dimmer, Safety Connect and a more advanced stability control system known as Vehicle Integrated Dynamics Management. A driver's knee airbag is now standard as well.

When the second row seats are removed, the bottom of the second row seats, which is similar to a rack, remains attached to the van floor. This means that with second row seats removed, the floor is not flat.

Toyota is the first automaker to offer a factory installed auto-access seat for disabled people. The one-touch rotating, power ascending/descending lift-up seat can lower to within 19 in of the ground.

Yearly changes

 * 2011, for the 2012 model year: Toyota's new navigation system with Entune connected navigation system became available.
 * 2012, for the 2013 model year: The four-cylinder engine was dropped.
 * 2013, for the 2014 model year: The Sienna remained unchanged.
 * 2014, for the 2015 model year: Minor refresh with new tail lights for all trim levels except the SE. In the interior, the dash was redesigned replacing the asymmetric swoop with a more conventional and cohesive center display. The previous small info window on top of the dash was also removed and placed in the center display. The center console was also redesigned. The entertainment system was updated to Blu-Ray with HDMI and SD card auxiliary input, from the earlier DVD with RCA jacks. Several technological upgrades could be optioned. Toyota added three new colors (Sky Blue Pearl, Creme Brulee Metallic, and Attitude Black Metallic). For the Limited and SE models, the Sienna features refreshed headlights with LED daytime running lights.
 * 2016, for the 2017 model year: The six-speed automatic transmission was replaced with an eight-speed and a revised 2GR-FKS engine adding Toyota's D4-S direct injection fuel system. The new engine increased power to 296 hp, with torque increased to 263 lbft.
 * 2017, for the 2018 model year: A mild facelift with a new front grille, new headlights, new side skirts, standard Safety Sense, minor noise and vibration enhancements, and additional technology like extra USB ports, an updated rear entertainment system (for models equipped with this option), and a semi-digital instrument cluster. The new grille is available in 3 styles: On the XLE and Limited, a chrome pair of wings bisects the grille. On the LE, the wing is black. The SE grille has no wing. The 2018 model year has standard automatic emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, lane-departure warning with lane-keeping assist, and automated high-beams.
 * 2018, for the 2019 model year: All-wheel drive became available on the SE trim and the Limited trim with FWD is no longer offered. CarPlay support is introduced alongside the Entune 3.0 media system.
 * 2019, for the 2020 model year: The Nightshade Edition became available on all FWD and AWD models. The Nightshade package includes four exterior colors: Midnight Black Metallic, Celestial Silver Metallic, Salsa Red Pearl and Super White.

Safety

 * vehicle structure rated 'Marginal'
 * vehicle structure rated 'Poor'

Fourth generation (XL40; 2020)
Toyota announced the fourth-generation Sienna in May 2020 as a 2021 model, and appearing for sale near the end of 2020. It was originally intended to be revealed at the 2020 New York International Auto Show in April, but instead was unveiled virtually on 18 May 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was released on 27 October 2020 and hit the showrooms shortly after in November. It is built on GA-K platform. In a significant change, all grades of the Sienna came standard with a hybrid powertrain. Despite being hybrid only, Toyota claims that the fourth-generation Sienna can still tow the same 3500 lb capacity as the third-generation model.

The fourth-generation Sienna is offered in the returning LE, XLE and Limited trims, while receiving two additional trims: the sport-oriented XSE (replaced the SE trim), and the top-of-the-line Platinum trim. The Sienna is available with a built-in vacuum cleaner, refrigerated compartment (however, vacuum and refrigerator were later discontinued due to supplier issues), heads-up display, and 360° camera view on the Platinum trim level. In addition, the Sienna can be equipped with a third electric motor to power the rear wheels. Standard and optional family oriented features for the Sienna include 18 cup holders, 7 USB ports (only one of which is data capable), four-zone climate control, onboard Wi-Fi, rear entertainment system, power sliding doors and liftgate, and a voice amplification system for the driver for better communications with passengers seated in the back. Standard driver-assistance features include adaptive cruise control, blind-spot monitoring, automated emergency braking, and lane-keeping assist.

Starting in early 2021, the Sienna became available in Taiwan and in Mexico. In July 2021, the Sienna was launched in China where it is locally produced by GAC Toyota, while a rebadged variant bearing the Toyota Granvia nameplate was produced by FAW Toyota. The Granvia adopted the styling of the North American Sienna XSE.

Yearly changes

 * 2021, for the 2022 model year: The Woodland Edition was launched, with standard AWD, raised suspension, and tow package. It is built on the XLE trim.

 * 2022, for the 2023 model year: The Sienna 25th Anniversary was introduced as a limited model with 2,525 units produced, featuring exclusive exterior and interior trim. It is based on the XSE trim.

Awards
2004: 2010: 2019:
 * Car and Driver's Five Best Trucks Van Award
 * Edmunds Editor's Most Wanted Van
 * Edmunds Consumers' Most Wanted
 * Best Resale Value Award
 * Insurance Institute for Highway Safety's "Top Safety Pick" Award (2011 model year only)

 * Longest-Kept Minivan

title: Toyota Sienna


text: User:CinnamonCinder

title: User:CinnamonCinder


text:
Cadillac SRX

The Cadillac SRX is a mid-size luxury SUV and compact luxury crossover SUV (CUV) manufactured and marketed by Cadillac over two generations: the first generation as a five-door, three-row, seven-passenger CUV (2003–2009), and the second generation as a five-door, two-row, five-passenger CUV (2010–2016) – the latter becoming Cadillac's best selling model in the United States.

First generation (2004)
Engine options included the 255 hp High-Feature V6 and the 4.6 L 320 hp Northstar V8. It was based on the GM Sigma platform and came with a five or six-speed automatic transmission; rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive and MagneRide were available. As a Sigma platform vehicle, the first generation SRX had a longitudinally mounted front engine, longitudinal transmission mounted behind the engine, and a rear drive differential. The AWD option was implemented with a transfer case mounted to the rear of the transmission, with a propeller shaft forward to a front differential to power the front wheels.

An all-leather interior and curtain side airbags were standard in both models. Heated front seats and wood interior trim were standard in the V8 and available as options in the V6. DVD, sunroof, navigation system, and a power foldable third-row seat were all available options. However the third row was no longer available for the 2010 model year on the SRX.

The base price was US$38,880 for the V6 and US$45,880 for the V8 version.

The SRX won Car and Driver's Five Best Trucks "luxury SUV" award for 2004, 2005 and 2006 and was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award for 2004.

The first generation SRX never had the V Series performance model available.

The first generation SRX was available through the 2009 model year.

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety found the 2005-08 SRX worst in its class for driver fatalities with a death rate of 63 compared to its class average of 23.

2005 changes
For the 2005 model year, Cadillac added chrome accents to the gauge cluster and made the towing package available on V6 models and V8 models. The towing capacity also grew to 4250 lb.

2006 changes
For 2006, power tailgate and satellite radio became standard. New wheel designs were also added. New interior wood trim was added to the center stack and ride height was lowered slightly.

2007 changes
For the 2007 model year, a new console was implemented, V8 models received six-speed automatic transmission, and base audio system was changed to Bose. A Sport package was added which included 20-inch wheels, all-wheel drive and limited slip differential. Other added options include Bose 5.1 digital surround sound, Theater package (which included Bose 5.1 digital surround sound, navigation and rear seat entertainment), automatic odor filtration, and Passenger Side Inflatable Restraint Suppression.

2008 changes
The 2008 SRX received a new three-spoke steering wheel design.

2009 changes
Adaptive Remote Start was added as a new option for the 2009 model year.

Second generation (2010)
The second generation SRX followed the Provoq concept presented at the 2008 Detroit NAIAS auto show, using a variation of the Epsilon II platform.

The production SRX debuted in January 2009 with the choice of a 3.0 liter V6 with direct injection derived from the 3.6 liter unit in the Cadillac CTS, or a 2.8 liter turbocharged V6. — and a base MSRP of $34,155.

As it used the Epsilon platform, the second generation SRX drivetrain was a front transverse mounted V6 engine with a transverse mounted transaxle powering the front wheels. The AWD option was implemented with a power take-off output of the transaxle, and a propeller shaft to a rear differential to power the rear wheels.

2016 was the last model year for the SRX as Cadillac replaced it by the XT5 in the spring of 2016 as a 2017 model.

2011 changes
For the 2011 model year, a rear backup camera and Cadillac Premium Care Maintenance program became standard and full keyless access became standard on Luxury and Performance models. In January 2011, General Motors discontinued production of the 2.8 liter turbo-charged V6 engine in the SRX, citing poor sales numbers. Less than 10 percent of SRX buyers opted for the turbo-charged engine. This left the naturally aspirated 3.0 liter V6 as the only engine available for the remainder of the 2011 model year.

2012 changes
For 2012, a 3.6 liter V6 with E85 flex-fuel capability was offered in the turbo V6's place. The six-speed transmission received an Eco feature for improved fuel economy. Other additions include Xenon Blue exterior color and ebony interior. Also, Bluetooth hands-free technology became standard on all trims and a heated steering wheel became available.

2013 facelift
For the 2013 model year, all trim levels of the SRX receive an infotainment system marketed as the "Cadillac User Experience" (CUE) as well as new safety features and active noise cancellation technology. Additional interior features included standard HD radio, Bluetooth audio streaming, additional USB ports, SD card slot and 12-volt outlet, revised headphone and remote design for rear seat entertainment, and revised shift knob, steering wheel, and instrument cluster. The front styling and faux fender vents were revised. Three new colors: Evolution Green Metallic, Glacier Blue Metallic and Silver Coast Metallic were added, and wheels options were revised.

2014 changes
For the 2014 model year, 18-inch chrome wheels were added to the Luxury trim and the Driver Awareness package received Intellibeam headlights. Exterior colors Graphite Metallic, Terra Mocha Metallic, and Sapphire Blue Metallic were added caramel and ebony interior accents became options.

2015 changes
The 2015 SRX added 4G LTE connection and a standard Wi-Fi hotspot. Exterior colors Cocoa Bronze Metallic and Majestic Plum Metallic were added.

2016 changes
For 2016, Cadillac removed the Majestic Plum Metallic color.

Safety recall
In May 2010, General Motors recalled about 550 of its 2010 Cadillac SRXs with the turbocharged 2.8-liter V-6 because of a possible engine failure if owners use regular gas and drove aggressively. The automaker said the fuel-filler lid and owner's manual warn that the engine should not be worked hard if regular fuel is used. Failures in several vehicles owned by GM and one external user led it to discover that using regular fuel and driving hard could cause possible internal engine damage including connecting rod failures. The automaker decided to conduct a "customer satisfaction program" to recalibrate the engine computer, but the NHTSA considered engine failures to be a safety issue and argued that a recall was required. The 2.8 liter V6 was permanently removed from production after the 2010 model year due to safety recalls and poor sales. 3.0L V6 was the only engine option available for the 2011 model year. The 3.0L V6 was replaced by a 3.6L V6 engine for the 2012 model year as the only engine option available.

Safety

 * 1 vehicle structure rated "Good"
 * 2 strength-to-weight ratio: 4.14

title: Cadillac SRX


text:
Portuguese Guyanese

A Portuguese Guyanese is a Guyanese whose ancestors came from Portugal or a Portuguese who has Guyanese citizenship. Around 1,910 people identified as Portuguese Guyanese according to 2012 census

Demographics
People of Portuguese descent were mainly introduced to Guyana as indentured labourers to make up for the exodus of former slaves who left the sugar plantations upon emancipation. The first groups arrived in 1835 until 1882, most having arrived by the 1860s. Most Portuguese trace their ancestry to the North Atlantic island of Madeira, which already had a long history of sugar production, but was beset with economic depression and political issues.

Those who stayed on after their indenture made up a Guyanese middle class, and were an important part of the commercial sector. The rum industry was predominantly owned by Portuguese Guyanese.

Portuguese of Guyana support Roman Catholic churches, schools, and maintain their language through periodicals such as A Voz do Português, A Liberdade, O Lusitano, Chronica Semanal and The Watchman.

In 1906, the first Portuguese Guyanese ran for public office. There is a 'Portuguese Arrival Day' on May 3 to mark the first arrival to Guyana.

Some have advanced the idea that the Portuguese presence in the Guianas predates 1834. Portuguese Sephardic Jews had settled in neighbouring Dutch Guiana in the 17th century before the Dutch arrived. Portuguese Jewish communities also exist in Aruba, Barbados, and Curaçao. Some of the Portuguese in Guyana may have their origins in these Dutch-speaking Portuguese groups. They were known as the "Curaçao Portuguese" within the larger Portuguese community.

The number of Portuguese Guyanese (4.3% of the population in 1891) has been declining constantly over the decades. Many Portuguese Guyanese have since emigrated onward and now live in London, Toronto, other parts of the Caribbean and the United States.

The general success of this group also led to animosity such as the 1856 ‘Angel Gabriel’ Riots in which Portuguese shops were looted and damaged. Even though being of European ancestry, they are viewed as a distinct from British Europeans for their language, religion, and former-indentured status.

Notable Portuguese Guyanese

 * Ivor Mendonca – Cricketer for the West Indies
 * Peter D'Aguiar – Businessman and conservative politician
 * Mary Noel Menezes – Roman Catholic nun and historian
 * Olga Lopes-Seale – Guyanese-Barbadian radio personality
 * Mark Teixeira – former professional baseball player
 * Greg Ranjitsingh – professional football player; has Guyanese-Portuguese ancestry through his mother

title: Portuguese Guyanese


text:
Demokrat Parti

Demokrat Parti may refer to:

 * Democratic Party (Northern Cyprus)
 * Democrat Party (Turkey, current)
 * Democratic Party (Turkey, historical)

title: Demokrat Parti


text:
User talk:W7KyzmJt/old

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 I've left a comment on your Articles for Creation submission, which can be viewed at Draft:Love Is For Losers. Thanks! Bkissin (talk) 21:16, 27 April 2018 (UTC)

Your submission at Articles for creation: Love Is For Losers (May 9)
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title: User talk:W7KyzmJt/old