text:
Sinornithosaurus

Sinornithosaurus (derived from a combination of Latin and Greek, meaning 'Chinese bird-lizard') is a genus of feathered dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the early Cretaceous Period (late Barremian) of the Yixian Formation in what is now China. It was the fifth non–avian feathered dinosaur genus discovered by 1999. The original specimen was collected from the Sihetun locality of western Liaoning. It was found in the Jianshangou beds of the Yixian Formation, dated to 124.5 million years ago. Additional specimens have been found in the younger Dawangzhangzi bed, dating to around 122 million years ago.

Xu Xing described Sinornithosaurus and performed a phylogenetic analysis which demonstrated that it is basal, or primitive, among the dromaeosaurs. He has also demonstrated that features of the skull and shoulder are very similar to Archaeopteryx and other avialans. Together these two facts demonstrate that the earliest dromaeosaurs were more like birds than the later dromaeosaurs were.

Sinornithosaurus was among the smallest dromaeosaurids, with the holotype measuring 1.2 m long and weighing 3 - 5 kg.

Description
Specimens of Sinornithosaurus have preserved impressions of feathers both covering the entirety of the body and forming the wings. These feathers were indistinguishable in form from those found on birds from the same geological deposits. The body (contour) feathers were generally between 3–4.5 cm long and included two types: the first type are formed of several filaments joined into "tufts", similar to modern down feathers. The second type, including those on the arms, were composed of rows of filaments (barbs) joined along a main shaft (rachis), making them similar in structure to modern bird feathers. However, unlike the wing feathers of flying birds, they did not have the secondary branches with tiny little hooks (barbules) that flight feathers have, which allow the flight feathers to form a continuous vane. Some scientists have suggested that the feathers might have allowed Sinornithosaurus to glide for short distances after leaping from trees.

A 2010 study indicated that Sinornithosaurus may have had feathers which varied in color significantly across different regions of the body, based on analysis of microscopic cell structures in preserved fossils. Based on the rod and spherical melanosomes found in some samples, scientists have interpreted that Sinornithosaurus had black and rufous feathers.

Possible venomous bite
In 2009, a team of scientists led by Empu Gong examined a well-preserved Sinornithosaurus skull, and noted several features suggesting it was the first-identified venomous dinosaur. Gong and colleagues noted that the unusually long and fang-like mid-jaw (maxillary) teeth had prominent grooves running down the outer surface, towards the rear of the tooth, a feature seen only in venomous animals. They also interpreted a cavity in the jaw bone just above these teeth as the possible site for the soft-tissue venom gland. Gong and colleagues suggested that these unique features indicated that Sinornithosaurus may have specialized in hunting small prey such as birds, using its long fangs to penetrate feathers and envenomate and stun the prey, like a modern snake. They also suggested that the short, slightly forward-pointing teeth at the tip of the jaw could have been used to strip feathers from birds. However, in 2010, another team of scientists led by Federico Gianechini published a paper casting doubts on the claim that Sinornithosaurus was venomous. They noted that grooved teeth are not unique to this genus, and in fact grooved teeth are found in many other theropods, including other dromaeosaurids. They also demonstrated that the teeth were not abnormally long as Gong and his team claimed, but rather had come out of their sockets, a preservational artifact common in crushed and flattened fossils. Finally, they could not independently verify the presence of supposed chambers for venom glands cited by Gong's team, finding only the normal sinuses of the skull.

In the same journal issue, Gong and his team submitted a reassessment of the 2009 study, casting doubt on their findings. They admitted that grooved teeth were common among theropods (though they suggested they were really only prevalent among feathered maniraptorans), and hypothesized that venom may have been a primitive trait for all archosaurs if not all reptiles, which was retained in certain lineages. They also disputed the claim that the teeth were significantly out of their sockets in the holotype specimen of Sinornithosaurus, though they admitted that they were not in a completely natural position. Gong's reassessment also claimed that certain undescribed specimens had fully articulated teeth showing a similar length. However, these grooved teeth are not direct evidence of venom, as non-venomous species of animals (such as baboons) have similarly grooved teeth.

Circadian rhythm
Comparisons between the scleral rings of Sinornithosaurus and modern birds and reptiles indicate that it may have been cathemeral, active throughout the day and night at short intervals.

Flight/gliding
The possibility that Sinornithosaurus was capable of gliding has been presented several times, due to its close relation to flying or gliding dromaeosaurs like Microraptor. Chatterjee and Templin 2004 found S. millenii as grouping within dinosaurs with aerodynamic potential for aerial locomotion, an opinion latter also expressed by Darren Naish, while Longrich & Currie 2009 have expressed that it was probably too heavy to fly, though it is worth to note that this latter study was published before the formal description of Changyuraptor, a larger microraptorine with evident flight capacities.

Classification
Sinornithosaurus was a member of the family Dromaeosauridae, a group of agile, predatory dinosaurs with a distinctive sickle-shaped toe claw, which also includes Deinonychus and Utahraptor. S. millenii lived about 125 million years ago in the Barremian age of the Early Cretaceous period, which makes it among the earliest and most primitive dromaeosaurids yet discovered. Fossils of S. haoiana and the possible Sinornithosaurus specimen NGMC 91 were found in younger strata dating to about 122 million years ago. The presence of vaned feathers on Sinornithosaurus is consistent with feather evidence from other dromaeosaurs.

Two species of Sinornithosaurus have been described. S. millenii ("millennium Chinese bird-lizard") is the type species, described in 1999. A second species, S. haoiana ("Hao's Chinese bird-lizard") was described by Liu et al. in 2004 based on a new specimen, D2140, which differed from S. millenii in features of the skull and hips. However, according to Turner, Makovicky and Norell (2012) the supposed distinguishing features of S. haoiana "are either present in Sinornithosaurus millenii or variable among the number of Sinornithosaurus specimens"; the authors considered S. haoiana to be a junior synonym of S. millenii. In 2024, the new informal combination name "Jeholraptor" haoiana was coined by Gregory S. Paul in the third edition of The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs.

An incredibly well-preserved microraptorian nicknamed "Dave" (specimen NGMC 91), was first described in a paper published in the journal Nature by Ji Qiang and colleagues in 2001. They declined to name the specimen because, although it is completely articulated, almost all of the bones shattered when the fossil slabs were split, so that only the silhouettes of these bones are clear in most of the part and counterpart. This obscured diagnostic skeletal features, which made the specimen's genus uncertain. They noted that it was similar in some respects to Sinornithosaurus millenii, and they suggested that the differences between the two could have been due to age. Ji, along with another team of scientists, further emphasized this similarity in a 2002 paper, in which they formally referred the specimen to Sinornithosaurus, though they considered the exact species questionable. Meanwhile, Stephen Czerkas and colleagues considered the specimen to represent an example of their newly described species Cryptovolans pauli (now usually considered a synonym of Microraptor gui), based on supposed wing proportions.

Phylogenetic studies did not support the idea that NGMC 91 was a close relative of S. millenii. In a 2004 analysis, Phil Senter and colleagues found that it was, in fact, more closely related to Microraptor. Subsequent studies, also by Senter, have continued to show support for this finding despite the fact that some data used in the original study was later found to be flawed.

However, in a 2011 publication Senter stated that a personal examination of the holotype of S. millenii led him to conclude that his earlier separation of NGMC 91 from S. millenii was based on anatomical misinterpretations. As the two specimens were "identical in all character states" used in his phylogenetic analysis, were from similar stratigraphic levels and "uniquely share the presence of a triangular coracoid with a large, oval foramen", Senter concluded that NGMC 91 does belong to the species Sinornithosaurus millenii.

The same conclusion was also reached independently from Senter by Turner, Makovicky and Norell (2012). According to these authors, NGMC 91 shares several apomorphies with both Microraptor zhaoianus and Sinornithosaurus millenii; however, as it "lacks elongate middle caudals that are three to four times the length of the dorsal vertebrae", it cannot be referred to M. zhaoianus. On the other hand, it does possess a posteriorly bifurcated dentary, which is an apomorphy of Sinornithosaurus. The authors concluded that NGMC 91 was a subadult specimen of S. millenii.

Cladogram (2012):

Discovery and specimens
Sinornithosaurus was discovered by Xu Xing, Wang Xiaolin and Wu Xiaochun of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Beijing. An almost-complete fossil with feather impressions, was recovered from Liaoning Province, China, in the Yixian Formation; the same incredibly rich location where four dinosaurs with feathers were discovered previously, Protarchaeopteryx, Sinosauropteryx, Caudipteryx, and Beipiaosaurus. Sinornithosaurus was the first dromaeosaurid discovered with feathers. The holotype specimen is IVPP V12811, in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, China.

The NGMC 91 specimen is in the collection of the National Geological Museum of China. It was collected in Fanzhangzi quarry, near Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province. This location is part of the Dawangzhangzi fossil beds, which have been dated to about 122 million years ago, during the early Aptian age. A specimen of the fish Lycoptera is also preserved near the foot.

title: Sinornithosaurus


text:
Andy Slaughter

Andrew Francis Slaughter (born 29 September 1960) is a British Labour Party politician who is currently serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hammersmith and Chiswick, and before that, Ealing, Acton and Shepherd's Bush, since 2005. Prior to his election to Parliament, he had served as Leader of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham Council.

In the 2024 general election, Slaughter stood in the new seat of Hammersmith and Chiswick.

Early life and education
Slaughter was born on 29 September 1960. He studied at the University of Exeter, College of Law, and the Inns of Court School of Law.

Legal career
Slaughter was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1993, thereby qualifying to practice as a barrister. He was a barrister with Bridewell Chambers from 1993 to 2006, before joining Lamb Chambers in 2006.

Parliamentary career
He stood at the Uxbridge by-election in July 1997, following the unexpected death seven days after the 1997 general election of incumbent Sir Michael Shersby. The seat, which had a small Conservative majority, was held for the Conservatives by John Randall.

At the 2005 general election, Slaughter was elected as the member of parliament for Ealing, Acton and Shepherd's Bush in London, retaining the seat for Labour following the retirement of his predecessor, Clive Soley.

Slaughter is currently a member of the Justice Select Committee. He was a member of the Communities and Local Government Select Committee in 2009–10 and in 2010 of the London Regional Select Committee and Joint Committee on Human Rights. Previously he was member of the Regulatory Reform Select Committee (2005–07) and Children, Schools and Families Select Committee (2007–09).

Slaughter's interests include the Middle East and particularly Palestine. He is Secretary of the Britain-Palestine All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) and Vice-Chair of Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East. His interests are reflected in the other APPGs of which he is a member, including Democracy and Human Rights in the Gulf, Fire Safety and Rescue, Gypsies, Travellers and Roma, Heathrow, and Legal Aid.

He has spoken in the House of Commons on fire safety, housing, legal aid, local government, education and climate change issues.

Slaughter has campaigned against Heathrow expansion. He also played a part in successful local campaigns against the planned demolition of social housing by the Conservative Council in his constituency and the planned demolition of Charing Cross Hospital.

The Ealing, Acton and Shepherd's Bush constituency underwent a boundary change for the 2010 general election, and on 30 November 2006, the new Hammersmith Constituency Labour Party selected Slaughter as the Labour candidate for the new Hammersmith seat which he won in the 2010 general election with an increased majority.

In government
He was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Stephen Ladyman MP, Minister of State for the Department for Transport and served from November 2005 to June 2007. In June 2007, he was appointed PPS to Lord Malloch-Brown, Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and also served as PPS to Lord Digby Jones, Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, and between July 2007 and October 2008.

On 27 January 2009, he resigned his PPS role as he opposed the Government's plans for a third runway at Heathrow Airport.

In opposition
In October 2010, Slaughter was invited to join the Labour frontbench as Shadow Justice Minister with responsibility for courts and tribunals, criminal law, freedom of information, the legal profession, civil justice reform and Legal Aid. Slaughter served as the lead shadow minister opposing the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 and the Justice and Security Act 2012. He resigned in June 2016, citing concerns over Jeremy Corbyn's leadership. He supported Owen Smith in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election.

Slaughter was appointed as Shadow Minister for Housing in October 2016, however he was sacked from the frontbench in June 2017 after he voted in favour of an amendment to the Queen's Speech which called on the UK to remain in the European Single Market, in defiance of the Labour whip.

In the November 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle, he became the new Shadow Solicitor General.

On 15 November 2023, Slaughter voted for an SNP amendment to the King's Speech, demanding an immediate Ceasefire in Gaza, contrary to the Labour Party's official stance to support HM Government line on the 2023 Israel-Hamas conflict. He was dismissed by Sir Keir Starmer from his position as Shadow Solicitor General.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Andy Slaughter


text:
User talk:S3ven

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ClockworkSoul 23:58, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Please do not add commentary or your own personal analysis to Wikipedia articles. Doing so violates Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy and breaches the formal tone expected in an encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. Croctotheface 05:24, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

CPD
I wrote a response here, but I think I'm going to copy/paste it and your post on my talk page to the article talk page so that others could be aware of our discussion. Croctotheface 19:54, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Jamie, post what you had before Croctotheface deleted it on my talk page, I'll see if I can't make the language less "biased" and more neutral. And I'm in agreement with you, if the evidence is there, it should be posted. CPD isn't as nice an organization as Croc or others would like to think it is. It's not as evil as Charles Manson, but if there are negatives that are relevant, they should be included. Like you suggested, we don't cry that the Charles Manson page is NPOV because it doesn't include nice words about him. The problem comes down to how it is written, so send me your stuff, and I'll see if I can't clean it up a bit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by JJ4sad6 (talk • contribs) 13:15, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:S3ven


text:
User talk:CinnamonCinder

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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ClockworkSoul 23:58, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thank you very much
Posted on User_talk:ClockworkSoul

Thank you very much! You're extremely nice and I admire your advocacy of involving everyone, extending your (and Wikipedia's) hand to newcomers, and your recognition of others' hard work. We need more people like you and the civility and class you bring along. From one Jon Stewart fan to another, thanks! CinnamonCinder 00:57, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It looks like somebody's been reading up on my history! :) It's my pleasure to welcome somebody who's not afraid to do a little research. -- ClockworkSoul 03:52, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

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In My Life
Hey, I responded to your post on the talk page! I only say that 'cause I know they don't send alerts or anything. I look forward to your response! CinnamonCinder 22:37, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks Cin. It's on my Watchlist, so I'd hear about it. However, I'm in the middle of other stuff right now. I may reply, but I'm not too interested in debating the matter, or escalating the dispute, so I'm mostly expecting other editors to consider the matter. / edg ☺ ★ 22:42, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

In My Life
Oh, I wasn't looking for an escalation, and I'm not mad or upset or anything. I was just letting you know that if you wanted to respond or share your thoughts that it was welcome and I wouldn't view it as a heated battle with negative feelings.

WHAT DO YOU DO?
We're heads up. You've got the larger stack. I'm big blind, you call in and the flop hits, you're holding.

I go all in. What are you gonna do?

Also,.

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Buck Adams
Hello CinnamonCinder, I wanted to let you know that I reverted your edits to the Buck Adams article. I edited the article several weeks ago to take out advertsement and fluff and I removed the very verbiage that you put back in about, "I poop from there". Please be advised that when placing additions to artciles, the information has to be encyclopedic in nature. One cannot say that it, "became viral" as that would lend to WP:POV. I appreciate your efforts, but at this point this information will have to remain off of the article. Please feel free to add to it and include information that will make it a better article. Just remember, anything added has to be sourced from a third party reliable source. Canyouhearmenow 12:22, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Templating
Hey yea, I was just substituting the template since it was applied in an incorrect manner from a technical point of view. It was just done off of a list of places the template appeared, so I have no idea about why it was originally placed, nor was it a "new" warning. Sorry for the confusion.  MBisanz  talk 02:37, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Abuse of multiple accounts
 You have been blocked from editing for a period of 2 weeks for abusing multiple accounts. Note that multiple accounts are allowed, but not for illegitimate reasons, and any contributions made while evading blocks or bans may be reverted or deleted. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the guide to appealing blocks, then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page:. Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 22:00, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
 * ✅ to . This isn't the first time you've used both accounts to add/restore disputed edits.-- Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 22:00, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
 * , I am convinced that and this editor are the same person. Given that they continued editing through that account after you had blocked this one, I'm modifying your block to be indefinite. Feel free to overrule me if you think I'm being too harsh.  Girth Summit  (blether)  12:27, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:CinnamonCinder


text:
User talk:ARubinstein

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

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ClockworkSoul 23:58, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

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title: User talk:ARubinstein


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Talk:Sinornithosaurus

Despite the copyvio it deserves it's own article, so I wrote a new one from scratch. 68.81.231.127 23:58, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Color
The mention of the orange and black color was removed by Dinoguy, with the edit summary no specific colors mentioned in this paper. But the Nature article states, "The two most common types of melanin are the reddish-brown to yellow pigment phaeomelanin and the black-grey pigment eumelanin. [...] Our identification of both eumelanosomes and phaeomelanosomes implies that some basal birds and non-avian theropods had black and russet coloration. In Sinornithosaurus the filaments are locally dominated either by eumelanosomes or phaeomelanosomes, indicating significantly different colour tones."

Can we please restore the color? Right now, the article states that Sinornithosaurus was multicolored, but doesn't mention what those colors were. Firsfron of Ronchester 16:36, 31 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Yeah, we could put two and two together, but saying "orange and black" is unsubstantiated. Why not red brown and gray? Yellow and black? Red and black? The Sinosauropteryx section says specifically chestnut and white, so that's verifiable, but in this case I don't see why orange and black are, especially given that another paper detailing specifics of the colors and patterns if forthcoming, so anything we write will probably be shown wrong (or at least in more detail) in a few months. Dinoguy2 (talk) 18:23, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Fair enough; we'll wait for the forthcoming paper. Firsfron of Ronchester  18:35, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

Suggestion for change
Currently the article says: "This contradicts one argument made by critics of the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs.[3]"

It should say: "This supports one argument made by critics of the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs.[3]"

The fact that the earliest dromaeosaurs were more like birds than the later dromaeosaurs contradicts the dinosaur to bird theory and therefore supports critics of the theory that birds evolved from dinosaurs.

If there is no objection I will change it accordingly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pterosaurus (talk • contribs) 13:40, 3 August 2010 (UTC)
 * That's not what the source concluded. When you publish your fascinating theories on the pterosaur origin of birds, you can add your objections to Wikipedia. MMartyniuk (talk) 00:21, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Why should it be contradictory? If anything, it supports birds+dinosaurs.  If dromaeosaurids and birds shared an ancestor, later dromaeosaurids *should* be less bird-like than early dromaeosaurids because they've diverged more. J. Spencer (talk) 00:53, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

MMartyniuk- you realize that what I have proposed has nothing to do with pterosaurs, right? It would be a shame if people misunderstood you. Pterosaurus (talk) 17:28, 4 September 2010 (UTC)
 * If you're not trying to support the same OR theory from you blog, why all the recent edits in your User Contributions section which seem to cherry pick data from papers and then draw the opposite conclusion from what the authors wrote? Including the example you proposed above. MMartyniuk (talk) 23:12, 4 September 2010 (UTC)

OR theory? What are you talking about? Pterosaurus (talk) 23:20, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

MMartyniuk. I had been respectful and collegial when I posted the change (see above) that I was proposing. And even though I am correct in what I was proposing I did not post it (or dispute it) when you and J. Spencer indicated that you had reservations. You are being disrespectful and confrontational. And you have unilaterally removed another entry I made at "Evolution of Birds", because you yourself do not see the relevance and because it seems to you to be a misinterpretation of the source's conclusion. You did not inquire of me first about your removal. I quoted a legitimate research article in accord with Wikipedia standards. If you have a problem with such material consult with me first. I will reinstate the material on "Evolution of Birds" shortly, unless you correspond with me about your concerns. Pterosaurus (talk) 23:41, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Sinornithosaurus
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Sinornithosaurus's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "longrich&currie2009": From Hesperonychus: Longrich, N.R. and Currie, P.J. (2009). "A microraptorine (Dinosauria–Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(13): 5002–5007.  From Velociraptor:  From Shanag:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 16:25, 20 July 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Sinornithosaurus. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070928080539/http://www.cgs.gov.cn/magazine/dzyuqk/tb04/200408/008.htm to http://www.cgs.gov.cn/magazine/dzyuqk/tb04/200408/008.htm

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Taxobox Image
I'm suggesting a change in the taxobox image, replacing the current image with a new photo of the entire holotype specimen. While the proposed image isn't the best in clarity, it is the holotype and we can be sure that this is a real specimen, not a cast. With the one at the Hong Kong Science Museum, we don't know if it is a cast or not. A second opinion would be better.BleachedRice (talk) 02:48, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

 * It is very hard to see what the image depicts, though. We should generally have recognisable images in the taxoboxes, but we don't really have great photos of any Sinornithosaurus fossils. Maybe one of the skeletal diagrams would be best. FunkMonk (talk) 02:54, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

Hoax
The was proved a hoax years ago. National Geographic and Smithsonian apologised for falling for it. 79.106.203.94 (talk) 13:39, 8 December 2023 (UTC)
 * You're thinking of Archaeoraptor. Nothing to do with this. FunkMonk (talk) 01:32, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sinornithosaurus


text:
User:Sid007

Hello, I've been wikied. Page last edited on sid007 08:18, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sid Shroff Wikipedia

WikiBlog
User:Sid007/To do - User:Sid007/Bookmarks - User:Sid007/WikiMarks

More to Come :: User:Sid007/NewB Wikiquette Guide by sid007 :D

About Me
_   _  ___  ___  ___   ___ |_| _| ||   ||   ||_  | |_ -|| || . || | || | |  | | |___||_||___||___||___|  |_|

Contacts sid007_AT_Gmail.com Shoot me a line: sid007\talk

Articles I Started

 * web template

Articles I'm Working on

 * web template
 * friendship day
 * Sid Shroff
 * User:Sid007/Sid Shroff

Articles I've added significat amount to

 * None Yet =)

Articles I would like to add to

 * Ebusiness - VPS aka Virtual Private Servers - Saint Louis

License
I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

Great Web Links

 * Sid Shroff com
 * Sid Shroff IL
 * Contact Facebook
 * Professional Link
 * Hi.IM
 * Social Shroff, Sid
 * Shroff, Sid
 * Twitter
 * IL Sid Shroff

--sid007 (talk) 04:58, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

title: User:Sid007


text:
Twenty Minutes of Love

Twenty Minutes of Love is a 1914 American comedy silent film made by Keystone Studios. The film is widely reported as Charlie Chaplin's directorial debut; some sources name Joseph Maddern as the director, but generally credit Chaplin as the creative force.

Reviews
The reviewer for Bioscope wrote, "Here Chaplin plays the role of the undesired but persistent suitor. The comic element is given special prominence and is quite safe in the hands of this well known comedian."

A reviewer from Kinematograph Weekly wrote, "Plenty of the comic element is introduced and the person who does not laugh at the peculiar antics of Chas. Chaplin--well, must be hard to please."

Cast

 * Charlie Chaplin – Pickpocket
 * Minta Durfee – Woman
 * Edgar Kennedy – Lover
 * Gordon Griffith – Boy
 * Chester Conklin – Pickpocket
 * Josef Swickard – Victim
 * Hank Mann – Sleeper
 * Eva Nelson

title: Twenty Minutes of Love


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RateMyProfessors.com

RateMyProfessors.com
Talk page shows movement to add to VfD, adding now. Non-notable, misnamed(I think), eh. Related:RateMyTeachers.com hfool 23:59, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Nothing but the article links to this subpage, so I think this VfD was lost somehow. Placed back on the main VfD subpage. - RedWordSmith 00:52, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: A notorious advertised site, and Wikipedia is not a web guide.  Geogre 01:25, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. A notorious site. Intrigue 03:26, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. A useful, yet notorious site. -Jameth 05:08, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not famous enough. utcursch 13:07, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep it. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 15:20, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just another website. P Ingerson 18:19, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep Normally I am opposed to entries that just advertise a company or service, but this one seems more useful than most. Katefan0 19:16, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: please explain further why "this one seems more useful than most". As of 21:09, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC), it looks like nothing more than a web guide type entry. (Note that I'm not voting with this comment.) JesseW 21:09, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * To elaborate: This site itself (not necessarily the wiki entry) seems more useful than most of the dross corporate sites I've seen on here.  As a recent college graduate, I remember how useful my university's internal "professor commentary" system was, I assume this goes along the same lines. I don't really think the site is particularly "notable" in an encyclopedic sense, though, which is the reason my vote is weak for keep. Katefan0 21:46, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable. Wyss 21:13, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable website. See  and .  Alexa traffic rank is 8,386. --Goobergunch|? 01:54, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, hope for expansion and NPOV. Notably controversial as well as notable in itself. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 02:48, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, a notable website. --Quintin3265 05:06, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for being a highly notable website. Google reports over 185,000 hits to "ratemyprofessors.com" as well.  With time this article will grow, until then there is no sense in destroying the perfectly valid content which exists now. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:31, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as unusually notable. Samaritan 20:24, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Spinboy 21:03, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Ratemyteachers.com -- both articles would benefit from shared coverage, and they don't differ that much anyhow. --Improv 22:12, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep -- I think it's notable enough to get an article; I seem to recall it even being featured in one or two major newspapers.--Soup of the Gods 23:27, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm going to college right now, and that site's pretty notable around here. --Szyslak 19:50, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I've heard a lot about that site.  It seems notable to me.  --L33tminion | (talk) 20:03, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * keep Yuckfoo 09:05, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - rernst 15:02, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Wow, a website. Delete. —tregoweth 22:29, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Wow, a website. Keep. The Recycling Troll 23:52, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Cavalierdaily.com, Northwest Arkansas Times, Orlando Sentinel, St. Cloud Times, and even the Onion are currently listed on Google News as mentioning the site in last couple of weeks, all in completely unrelated articles. Strangely, my Typography teacher encouraged me (the class, really) to use this site. How weird is that? --  user:zanimum
 * Keep A valid, and relevant, summarization of a notable cultural phenomenon in Canada.  (Besides which, my personal rating is pretty good ...)  CJCurrie 01:02, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Kenmitsu J.

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

ClockworkSoul 00:00, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kenmitsu J.


text:
Euchloe charlonia

Euchloe charlonia, the greenish black-tip or lemon white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. Its range is mainly in northern Africa, the Middle East and occasionally the southern Iberian Peninsula, especially Spain.

The larvae feed on Diplotaxis pendula, Succowia balearica, Moricandia arvensis, Eruca vesicaria, Cleome arabica, Reseda villosa, Eryngium tenue and Diplotaxis acris.

Subspecies

 * Euchloe charlonia charlonia (North Africa, Arabia)
 * Euchloe charlonia mesopotamica (Staudinger, [1892])

title: Euchloe charlonia


text: Category:Canadian curlers

title: Category:Canadian curlers


text: User talk:68.255.47.180

title: User talk:68.255.47.180


text:
Zodiac P.I.

Zodiac P.I. (十二宮でつかまえて) is a mystery manga series written and illustrated by Natsumi Ando. Appearing as a serial in the monthly shōjo (targeted towards girls) manga magazine Nakayoshi from the April 2001 issue to the January 2003 issue, the chapters were compiled into four bound volumes by Kodansha and published from November 2001 to March 2003. Set in present-day Japan, the series focuses on Lili Hoshizawa, a teenage detective who uses astrology to solve cases.

In North America, Tokyopop licensed the series for an English-language translation, and published it from July 2003 to December 2003, although the translation has since gone out of print. The series has also been translated into other languages. The series has been generally reviewed as being light entertainment.

Plot
Set in modern-day Japan, the series centers on 13-year-old extrovert Lili Hoshizawa (星沢リリ), who uses astrology to solve crimes, and manages her missing mother's fortune-telling business on the side. Her childhood friend, Hiromi Oikawa (及川ひろみ), assists her, after he returns from the United States, where he studied criminal psychology. As Detective Spica, Lili uses the magical star ring, left to her by her missing mother, to aid her in solving crimes by consulting with one of the twelve astral spirits in the ring and learning the victim's horoscope. Her father, Inspector Hoshizawa (インスペクタ星沢), disapproves of her actions. Periodically, she encounters rival private investigator Sirius (シリウス), who tests her mystery-solving skills.

While solving cases, Lili eventually learns from Hiromi's elder sister, Megumi Oikawa (及川めぐみ), that Hiromi's allergy to girls resulted from her: ten years ago, he waited in the rain for Lili to show after he left her a love letter. Lili encounters Zeus (ゼウス), a fortuneteller and hypnotist who kidnaps her father. After Hiromi rescues him, Zeus takes Hiromi captive and demands the star ring in exchange. Realizing that Sirius is her missing mother, Lili frees her from Zeus's hypnosis. Lili learns that her mother disappeared to protect her family from Zeus, who hates Sirius, as he believes that she kidnapped his girlfriend and caused her to become comatose. Lili uncovers the truth: his girlfriend feared that he desired the star ring more than her love and asked Sirius to stage a kidnapping and have him decide between her or the star ring. When he hesitated, she was devastated and threw herself off the cliff. After learning this, Zeus loses his desire for the star ring and lets Lili, Hiromi, and Lili's mother leave. Lili accepts Hiromi's love for her. In the conclusion, Lili's mother takes over her fortune-telling business, and Lili continues to solve crimes with Hiromi's assistance.

Development
Manga artist Natsumi Ando enjoyed astrology in her childhood and had a fondness for stars and Greek mythology. For File 2, which deals with a mystery in a piano school, Ando researched a local music school. The design for the Libra astral spirit originated from the winner of the Astral Spirit Design Contest; many of the design submissions were for the Libra, Pisces, and Cancer spirits.

Ando included references to Greek mythology in Zodiac P.I. in the names of the astral spirits. The astral spirit of Virgo, Demeter, takes her name from the goddess of the harvest, while the astral spirit for Capricorn, Parn, is a reference to the god Pan. Astrea, the astral spirit for Libra, is named after the goddess of justice. The twin astral spirits for Gemini take their names from twin brothers Castor and Pollux. The centaur Chiron is alluded to in the name of the astral spirit for Sagittarius. The name of astral spirit for Taurus is a reference to the woman Io. The astral spirit for Pisces and the spirit for Aquarius take their names from the goddess of love and Ganymede, respectively. Other references include stars. Ando named Antares, the astral spirit of Scorpio, Praesepe, the astral spirit of Cancer, and Regulus, the astral spirit of Leo, after the Antares, Praesepe and Regulus stars, respectively. Aries is the only astral spirit that named after the zodiac itself.

Release
Written and illustrated by Natsumi Ando, Zodiac P.I. appeared as a serial in the monthly manga magazine Nakayoshi from the April 2001 issue to the January 2003 issue. It published the series in four bound volumes from November 6, 2001, to March 4, 2003.

In North America, Tokyopop licensed the series for an English-language translation. It published the series from July 8, 2003, to December 9, 2003; the translation has since gone out of print. Zodiac P.I. has also been translated into other languages, such as Finnish, German, and Italian.

Reception
Zodiac P.I. generally received positive reviews from English-language critics as light entertainment. Joseph Dexter of Mania Entertainment praised the series as light entertainment with nice plot twists; he enjoyed the different personalities of the astral spirits. In his review of the second volume, Anime News Network's Allen Divers described the series as similar to Detective Conan and wrote that despite the predictable endings, the series was potentially enjoyable for readers interested in astrology and mysteries. According to Jason Thompson, author of Manga: The Complete Guide, the series worked as light and "formulaic" entertainment for a young audience, and the artwork proved easy to understand.

title: Zodiac P.I.


text:
Mockingbird Don't Sing

Mockingbird Don't Sing is a 2001 American independent film based on the true story of Genie, a modern-day feral child. The film is told from the point of view of Susan Curtiss (whose fictitious name is Sandra Tannen), a professor of linguistics at University of California, Los Angeles. Although the film is based on a true story, all of the names are fictitious for legal reasons (e.g. the pseudonym "Genie" has been changed to "Katie"). The film was released to US theaters on May 4, 2001. It won first prize for best screenplay at the Rhode Island International Film Festival (tied with Wings of Hope).

Plot
In Los Angeles, 1970, Katie Standon, a girl who has been imprisoned in her room (and without any human contact) since the age of one, is now thirteen years old. Her mother Louise, who has cataracts, has taken enough abuse from her domineering husband Wes; she gets her son, Billy, a few years older than Katie, to help her and Katie escape their home.

At a welfare office a social worker notices something peculiar about Katie and guesses her age to be about seven while, in fact, she is thirteen. Katie is taken to Children's Hospital, and Louise and Wes find themselves being arrested for "what authorities are calling the worst case of child abuse they've ever seen". Shortly before his trial begins, Wes kills himself. The doctors and psycholinguists investigating the case form the "Katie Team", a group of experts dedicated to helping Katie learn to speak and interact with others. One of the team members, Judy Bingham, a special education teacher, sees Katie as a pawn whom she can use to attain international fame. She claims Katie will make her "the next Anne Sullivan." University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) graduate student Sandra Tannen is one of the people who appear to have Katie's welfare at heart. Katie comes to live with Dr. Norman Glazer who works at Children's Hospital, and his family, where she stays for four years. His family helps Katie become a civilized human being. Although Katie shows outstanding progress in some things (such as learning vocabulary words and sign language, preparing hygiene, showing off anger, and certain other activities), she never really learns grammatical structure. Meanwhile, Louise has surgery to remove her cataracts and visits Katie off and on.

When Katie turns eighteen, the funding for her help is cut off and she returns to Louise's care. Soon, it comes to the point where Louise does not know how to handle Katie herself and Katie gets placed in another foster home. One day, Katie is physically abused for vomiting and responds by never eating or speaking because she was afraid if she opened her mouth she would vomit again and face more abuse.

Sandra does all that she can to make sure that Katie is handled in the proper way and even has Norman help her. Katie is taken back to Children's Hospital, and Sandra is suggested by social services to have Katie live with her. Before any decisions are made about this, Louise takes Katie out of the hospital and puts her in another foster home. Sandra is not allowed to say goodbye to Katie. Louise even threatens to take legal action on Sandra if she ever sees Katie again.

Sandra finally asks Louise why Katie was placed in extreme isolation before her discovery. Louise tells the entire story; Wes loved his mother very much, and when she died due to an accident, he projected his feelings for her onto Katie. After a doctor examined Katie sometime later, she was diagnosed as intellectually disabled and Wes locked her up, afraid that the doctors might take her away, and because Louise was starting to go blind, Wes took care of Katie.

Sandra then leaves the house, running into Judy again. It is now clear that she knew Louise for a long time. Sandra and Judy have a quick argument, after which Judy enters Louise's house, leaving Sandra crying. At this point, different kinds of footage of Katie appear on screen; Sandra looks at tape recordings of Katie on her TV. She then is seen writing something on a typewriter, while her voice addresses the viewers; she's hoping to see Katie once more. The camera then turns to her and her boyfriend, now holding a baby of their own. The screen fades while she sings the "Hush, Little Baby" lullaby. The screen fades, and footage of Katie on the beach can be seen.

Messages appear, saying what has happened to everyone after the movie: Judy continues to harass the "Katie Team" until her death in 1988; Louise, who is now once again blind, resides in a nursing home in Southern California; Sandra Tannen is now a professor of linguistics at UCLA and has two teenage daughters, however, she is still not allowed to have any contact with Katie, who lives in a foster home nearby. The last message before the screen turns black and the credits appear, reads: "Katie's inability to learn a language proved the legitimacy of the Critical Period Hypothesis".

title: Mockingbird Don't Sing


text:
Rachel Paiement

Rachel Claire Paiement (born 1955; Sturgeon Falls, Ontario) is a Canadian musician and songwriter. She is best known as a former member, singer and songwriter for the Franco-Ontarian band CANO in the 1970s. She also appeared as a guest musician on albums by Bruce Cockburn, Michel Rivard, Paul Hyde and many more. She appeared in theatre productions for the Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario and worked as a session singer in Vancouver for many years.

Paiement left CANO in 1980 to join their producer, Jim Vallance, in Vancouver, later marrying him. Vallance is best known as the longtime songwriting partner of Bryan Adams and has also worked as music industry songwriter for many other artists. Vallance and David Foster primarily wrote the charity song "Tears Are Not Enough" in 1985 to which Paiement wrote the French verse.

Personal life
She and Vallance have a son, Jimmy, born in 1989, who became a member of music duo Bob Moses. Paiement has chosen not to maintain an active music career; when CANO reunited at the 2010 La Nuit sur l'étang festival in Sudbury, her sister Monique appeared as the band's female vocalist.

title: Rachel Paiement


text:
Országos Középiskolai Tanulmányi Verseny

The Országos Középiskolai Tanulmányi Verseny (OKTV) in Hungarian (rough translation: "National Secondary School Academic Competition") is the most famous high level academic competition for secondary-school students in Hungary (after qualification for Olympiads), whose winners are usually selected for International Student Olympiads, and they often receive gold medals or become Overall Winners. Students 15–18 years old (grades 9–12) compete in the OKTV in various subjects, such as the natural sciences, IT, mathematics, history, philosophy, Hungarian literature and foreign languages. The top competitors receive additional points in the university admissions system. As the number of additional points that one can obtain are capped at 100 and they can be obtained using far less competitive methods, this usually does not advantage the top-performers in the admissions process.

The OKTV has been broadcast on the Australian Christian Channel in Australia.

The competition requirements are increasingly higher than IB's or Hungarian Matura's, also known as érettségi (vizsga), because the solution of these tasks need not only eminent knowledge of facts, but also creativity.

Students in 10th or 11th grade who were granted exemption from taking entrance exams were eligible for a scholarship in one of the United World Colleges. However,, these scholarships are open for other applicants, the grade requirements remaining the same.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of Republican celebrities

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - no consensus

hi im paul

How do I make a delete suggestion of a page ? Very greatful for help — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.249.160.230 (talk) 20:41, 24 August 2013 (UTC)


text:
John R. Wooden Award

The John R. Wooden Award is an award given annually to the most outstanding men's and women's college basketball players. The program consists of the men's and women's Player of the Year awards, the Legends of Coaching award, and recognizing the All-America Teams.

The awards, given by the Los Angeles Athletic Club, are named in honor of John Wooden, the 1932 national collegiate basketball player of the year from Purdue. Wooden later taught and coached men's basketball at Indiana State and UCLA. Coach Wooden, whose teams at UCLA won ten NCAA championships, was the first man to be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player and coach. His 1948 Indiana State team was the NAIB (now NAIA) National Finalist.

The award, which was originally given only to male athletes, was first given in 1977. Starting in 2004, the award was extended to women's basketball. Additionally, the Legends of Coaching Award was presented first in 1999.

Men's award
Each year, the Award's National Advisory Board, a 26-member panel, selects approximately 20 candidates for Player of the Year and All-American Team honors. The candidates must be full-time students and have a cumulative grade point average of 2.00 or higher throughout their college career. Players who are nominated must have made outstanding contributions to team play, both offensively and defensively, and be model citizens, exhibiting strength of character both on and off the court.

The selection ballot is announced prior to the NCAA basketball tournament. The voters consist of 1,000 sportswriters and sportscasters representing the 50 states.

The top ten vote-getters are selected to the All-American Team, and the results are announced following the Elite Eight round of the NCAA Tournament. The person who receives the most votes is named the Player of the Year, and the winner is announced following the NCAA championship game.

The Player of the Year is awarded a trophy consisting of five bronze figures. The player's school receives a duplicate trophy as well as a scholarship grant. The other top four members of the All-American Team receive an All-American Team trophy, a jacket, and a scholarship grant which goes to their school. Each coach of the top five All-American Team members also receives a jacket. The All-American Team members ranked six through ten receive an All-American Team trophy and a jacket, but their schools do not receive a scholarship.

Women's award
The criteria for the women's Player of the Year award and All-American Team honors are similar to those for the men. For the women's award, the National Advisory Board consists of 12 members, and approximately 15 candidates are selected for the ballot. The voters are 250 sportswriters and sportscasters.

In contrast to the men's All-American Team, only five members are selected for the women's team. The Player of the Year receives a trophy, and her school receives a duplicate trophy and a scholarship grant.

The trophy
The trophy features five bronze figures, each depicting one of the five major skills that Wooden believed that "total" basketball player must exhibit: rebounding, passing, shooting, dribbling, and defense.

The concept for the trophy originated with Wooden Award Chairman, Richard "Duke" Llewellyn. Work began on the trophy in 1975, and sculptor Don Winton, who had sculpted many top sports awards, was given the task of designing the model of the trophy.

The figures are bronze plated and attached to a pentagonal base plate. The tallest figure is 10$1/4$ inches high (26 cm). The trophy's base is 7$1/2$ inches high (19 cm), and is made from solid walnut. The total height of the trophy is 17+3/4 in, and it weighs 25 lb.

Trademark dispute
The Wooden family announced in August 2005 that he would no longer participate because of a trademark dispute concerning the use of his name. However, he never contested the use of his name prior to his death in 2010, and the award continues to bear his name. “I don’t want anything to interfere with the continuation of the award,” (Wooden) told The Associated Press at the time. In 2011 the Wooden Family began participation. Coach John Wooden's son, Jim, presented the Wooden Award to Brigham Young senior Jimmer Fredette. In 2012 John Wooden's grandson, Greg, on behalf of The Los Angeles Athletic Club, presented the Wooden Award to University of Kentucky freshman Anthony Davis. Greg Wooden made the announcement on ESPN College GameDay.

High School Player of the Year Award
The John R. Wooden High School Player of the Year awards are given to the most valuable player in each of the five divisions of the California Interscholastic Federation Southern Section, and one Los Angeles City division.

Legends of Coaching Award
The Legends of Coaching Award recognizes the lifetime achievement of coaches who exemplify Coach Wooden's high standards of coaching success and personal achievement. When selecting the individual, the Wooden Award Committee considers a coach's character, success rate on the court, graduating rate of student athletes, his or her coaching philosophy, and identification with the goals of the John R. Wooden Award.

All listed honorees coached in the men's game unless otherwise noted. The first recipient who was never a head coach in NCAA Division I was 2021 recipient Dave Yanai, whose entire head coaching career was in NCAA Division II.

title: John R. Wooden Award


text:
User:Vinay

Hi, I'm Vinay Pai. I'll add something more interesting in this space eventually. Maybe.

title: User:Vinay


text:
Tears Are Not Enough

"Tears Are Not Enough" is a 1985 charity single recorded by a supergroup of Canadian artists, under the name Northern Lights, to raise funds for relief of the 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia. It was one of a number of such supergroup singles recorded between December 1984 and April 1985, along with Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in the United Kingdom, USA for Africa's "We Are the World" in the United States, "Cantaré, cantarás" by a supergroup of Latin American and Spanish singers, Chanteurs sans Frontières's "Éthiopie" in France, and Fondation Québec-Afrique's "Les Yeux de la faim" in Quebec.

Although recorded independently of the USA for Africa project, it was included on the full-length We Are the World album.

The project was organized by Bruce Allen, who brought together a large group of artists to record a song written by David Foster, Jim Vallance, Bryan Adams, Rachel Paiement, Paul Hyde and Bob Rock. Foster and Vallance wrote the music and initial lyrics, Adams completed the English lyrics, Paiement wrote the one French verse, Rock & Hyde contributed the song title. The song was recorded on February 10, 1985 at Manta Sound studios in Toronto.

Foster revealed the melody of the song was originally offered to filmmaker Joel Schumacher as incidental music for his film St. Elmo's Fire (film). Schumacher reported hated it but was later, in Foster's words, "really pissed" when it showed up later as a charity single.

The song was issued as the album's second and final single by Columbia Records on May 1, 1985, and quickly reached number one on the Canadian Top 40 chart. It also finished number one on the year-end Canadian charts for that year. The song's video also received extensive airplay on MuchMusic.

The vocals were recorded at Manta Sound Studios in downtown Toronto on Sunday, February 10, 1985. Gordon Lightfoot drove himself to the recording in a pick-up truck. Neil Young and Joni Mitchell arrived together in a taxi. Mark Holmes of Platinum Blonde arrived in a white stretch limousine.

Bryan Adams performed a live version of "Tears Are Not Enough" on July 13, 1985 during his Live Aid performance in Philadelphia.

On December 22, 1985, CBC Television aired a 90-minute documentary by John Zaritsky on the song and its creation. A CBC reporter, Brian Stewart, had been the first Western journalist to bring the famine in Ethiopia to worldwide attention. The film was a Genie Award nominee for Best Documentary Film at the 7th Genie Awards in 1986.

By 1990, the project had raised $3.2 million for famine relief projects in Africa. Ten percent of the funds raised was set aside to assist Canadian food banks.

Solo vocalists (in order)
• Gordon Lightfoot

• Burton Cummings

• Anne Murray

• Joni Mitchell

• Dan Hill

• Neil Young

• Bryan Adams

• Corey Hart

• Bruce Cockburn

• Geddy Lee (Rush)

• Mike Reno (Loverboy)

Heard in duos or trios

 * Mike Reno (Loverboy) with Liberty Silver
 * Carroll Baker, Ronnie Hawkins, and Murray McLauchlan
 * Véronique Béliveau, Robert Charlebois, and Claude Dubois (in French)
 * Bryan Adams with Donny Gerrard (Skylark)
 * Alfie Zappacosta with Lisa Dal Bello
 * Carole Pope (Rough Trade) and Paul Hyde (The Payola$)
 * Salome Bey, Mark Holmes (Platinum Blonde), and Lorraine Segato (The Parachute Club)

Chorus members
Chorus members included:

• Liona Boyd

• John Candy

• Tom Cochrane (Red Rider)

• Tommy Hunter

• Martha Johnson

• Eugene Levy

• Dean McTaggart (The Arrows)

• Frank Mills

• Kim Mitchell

• Bruce Murray

• Oscar Peterson

• Paul Shaffer

• Graham Shaw

• Jane Siberry

• Leroy Sibbles

• Ian Thomas

• Sylvia Tyson

• Catherine O'Hara

• Andy Kim

• Wayne St. John

• Brian Good (The Good Brothers)

• Colina Phillips

• Gordon Deppe (Spoons)

• Richard Manuel (The Band)

• Marc Jordan

• Aldo Nova

• Robin Duke

• Catherine McClenahan

• Sharon Lee Williams

Instrumentation and production

 * David Foster - Keyboards, Producer
 * Jim Vallance - Drums, Engineer, Associate Producer
 * Paul Dean (Loverboy) - Guitar
 * Steven Denroche - French Horn
 * Doug Johnson (Loverboy) - Synthesizer
 * David Sinclair (Straight Lines / Body Electric) - Acoustic guitar
 * Hayward Parrott - Engineer
 * Geoff Turner - Engineer
 * Bob Rock (Payola$) - Engineer
 * Humberto Gatica - Mixing Engineer

Recording process
Joni Mitchell later spoke to writer Iain Blair about the recording experience: "I know it sounds ridiculous, but I was literally starving when we did the session 'cause my yoga teacher had sent me to a psychic dietician who, while rubbing her chin and swinging her arm around in a circle, had diagnosed a lot of food allergies. The result was, predictably, that I was hardly allowed to eat anything, so by the time I arrived with an apple and a rice patty, my poor stomach was making all these strange noises. Then we get in the studio, and the engineer says he can't record 'cause he's picking up some weird rumbling sound coming from my direction. (She laughed.) And it was all pretty ironic, considering the subject matter!"

At one point during the recording process, Foster also had Neil Young re-record his line after singing the word "innocence" flat, to which Young famously quipped, "That's my sound, man."

Artists not appearing

 * Buffy Sainte-Marie - According to journalist Terry David Mulligan, Sainte-Marie was supposed to be part of the project but did not show up to recording sessions. As a result, the term "Buffy bailed" became an expression in certain Canadian music circles.
 * Leonard Cohen - Because Cohen performed the day before the recording session in Copenhagen, Denmark, he would have been unable to appear on the recording.
 * Rik Emmett - The Triumph (band) frontman was on tour in the United States at the time "Tears Are Not Enough" was recorded. Triumph played a show at the Beaumont Civic Center in Beaumont, Texas that day. Emmett says he was invited and would have loved to be part of the recording but scheduling wouldn't allow and recording verses remotely wasn't an option.
 * Randy Bachman - On the Toronto Mike'd podcast, Bachman revealed he was never asked to appear on the recording.
 * Stompin' Tom Connors - The recording of "Tears Are Not Enough" overlapped with Connors' self-imposed retirement, a move meant to protest the lack of support given to Canadian stories by the policies of the Federal government. Therefore, Connors was unable to attend the sessions.

Video
The song's video opens with footage from Brian Stewart's original CBC News report on the famine, and then cuts to the performers singing the song in a studio. Near the end of the video, footage also appears from the 1985 NHL All-Star Game in Calgary, depicting the Campbell Conference All-Stars and the Wales Conference All-Stars — including Wayne Gretzky, Grant Fuhr, Jari Kurri and Miroslav Frycer — singing along as the audience waves flags and banners in the air.

2022 live version
A live version of "Tears Are Not Enough" was performed at the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame gala in Toronto on September 24, 2022. The rendition included many original Northern Lights members including soloists Hart, Hill, and Cockburn plus new Canadian talent such as Alessia Cara and Charlotte Cardin.

title: Tears Are Not Enough


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User talk:Simon d

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title: User talk:67.122.232.168


text:
Léonce Verny

François Léonce Verny, (2 December 1837 – 2 May 1908) was a French officer and naval engineer who directed the construction of the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in Japan, as well as many related modern infrastructure projects from 1865 to 1876, thus helping jump-start Japan's modernization.

Early life
Léonce Verny was born in Aubenas, Ardèche. He studied at Lyon and then went on to the prestigious École Polytechnique in 1856. He entered the Institute for Applied Maritime Science at Cherbourg in 1858, where he became a Naval Engineer. He worked for the French state in the arsenals of Brest and Toulon.

China mission
Verny was sent to Ningbo and Shanghai in China from 1862 to 1864, to supervise the construction of four gunboats for the Chinese Navy, as well as a new shipyard. During that time, he was also French Vice-Consul in Ningbo.

Career in Japan
Japan had started a modernization effort in 1853 and the Tokugawa government decided to build a modern naval shipyard and arsenal in collaboration with the French government. Verny was persuaded to go to Japan by his distant relative, French ambassador Léon Roches in September 1865, who negotiated the substantial annual salary of $10,000. He stayed on after the Meiji Restoration overthrew the Tokugawa government, continuing to work for the new Meiji government for a total of 12 years, returning home to France on 13 March 1876.

Yokosuka arsenal
Verny was appointed chief administrator and constructor of the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in 1865. Yokosuka was chosen because it was a well protected inlet, in close proximity to Yokohama and Tokyo. The same year, he briefly returned to France to purchase all necessary machinery and recruit French naval experts from Brest, Toulon, and Cherbourg (45 families in all) to help organize the construction of the arsenal. During the months in France, Verny also helped in the negotiations for the First French Military Mission to Japan, consisting of military advisors under Jules Brunet to help train and re-equip the Tokugawa army from 1867, and to assist it in the Boshin War against the Satchō Alliance.

In Yokosuka, Verny trained 65 Japanese technicians and hired 2500 workers. The construction of the shipyard itself was only the central point of a major infrastructure development project, which encompassed foundries, brick kilns, gunpowder and weapons factories, an aqueduct and hydraulic power facilities, modern buildings and technical schools to train Japanese technicians were established.

The Yokosuka Naval Arsenal completed its first warship, the Yokosuka-maru in November 1866, but the planned two repair yards, three shipyards and iron works were not completed by the time of the Meiji Restoration. Initial fears that the pro-Bakufu French engineers would be replaced by British engineers were soon proven groundless, and Yokosuka continued to employ on French engineers until 1878.

Lighthouses
In addition to the construction of the Yokosuka Arsenal, Verny also built four lighthouses in the Tokyo area, some of which still exist, such as the Jōgashima Lighthouse, the Kannonzaki Lighthouse and the Nojimazaki Lighthouse. He also built the Shinagawa Lighthouse.

Léonce Verny also managed the building of the shipyard at Nagasaki, the largest in the Far East at that time. In Kobe, he built a metallurgical plant, as well as a patent slip.

Verny experienced numerous problems during his tenure in Japan, as the expectations of the Japanese government and military were very high, but funding was very limited, and Verny had to create much of the necessary infrastructure from scratch. When visited by the French construction director of the Chinese Fuzhou arsenal in 1871, Verny noted that the Chinese budget was three times larger than his.

Verny returned to France in 1876, when the Japanese were able to take full control of the operations.

Later life
Upon his return to France, Verny went to work at one of the largest mining companies in France (Compagnie des houllières de Firminy) at Firminy in Roche-la-Molière in January 1877 and rose to the position of director in September 1895. He then served on the Board of Trade of Saint-Étienne (1881–1900) of which he was secretary from 1883 to 1896. He was subsequently awarded the Legion of Honour.

Verny died on 2 May 1908 in his home in Pont d'Aubenas.

Legacy
Yokosuka became one of the main arsenals of the Imperial Japanese Navy into the 20th century, in which were built battleships such as JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Yamashiro, and aircraft carriers such as JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Hiryū and JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER Shōkaku.

Léonce Verny is remembered in Japan as a symbol of modernization and of friendship with France. A park has been built in his name ("Verny Park") on the seafront at Yokosuka, with a bronze bust of Verny, and a small museum. The Verny Commemorative Museum is located near the site of the former Yokosuka Naval Arsenal.

The dry docks built by Verny are still intact and are currently used by the US Navy as part of the United States Fleet Activities Yokosuka.

title: Léonce Verny


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User talk:Zaevodnik

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 00:16, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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User talk:Wesleykincaid

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 00:18, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Wesleykincaid


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Negus (disambiguation)

Negus is a title in the Eritrean and Northern Ethiopian Semitic languages.

Negus may also refer to:
 * Negus (surname), a surname
 * Negus (drink), a hot mixed drink of wine
 * Negus Mine, a Canadian gold producer 1939–1952
 * Negus (album), by Mos Def, 2019
 * Negus Nurse, Guyanese singer

title: Negus (disambiguation)