text:
Talk:Walla Walla, Washington

Demographics
The changes to the Demographics section back in November (here) don't seem to be authoritative. I beleive that the edit, and the attemtps tofix it, should be rolled back to the generic section. -Willmcw 23:49, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

As a person living in this town I can assure you that they are factual. The local population is mostly farm workers and illegal workers, and due to there illegal status they can not be counted in any official census as they fear by making themselves known they would then be exported. Belgarath TS 22:30, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

I might be willing to believe that Walla Walla's immigrant population grows to almost 50% at times, however I do take objection to the idea of a large number of them working on mushroom farms... in the 19 years I've lived in Walla Walla, I can't think of a time I've even heard of a mushroom farm in the area. Im.thatoneguy 01:37, 21 February 2005 (PST)

Purple Octopus Scandal
Nothingofwater: I re-reverted the edits I made and attempted t edit them again to better frame them as historical. I hope this is not seen as hostile; I am trying to work within the rules you pointed to, but as these events have already happened and they are an important part of local history I wanted to be sure they are recorded. The references to news stories are just for validation that I'm not making things up, because I was told Wikipedia liked references. 71.231.80.153 (talk)
 * Two things: 1.  The wording of the section doesnt make the events more or less historical.  2.  This is not an important part of the history of the town.  This is a current event or news event that bears little influence or impact on the history of Walla Walla.  You should read the guidelines at the Wikipedia 'Recentism' page.  Specifically the part that deals with "Articles overburdened with documenting controversy as it happens...".  This content may be appropriate for the Wikinews page, though.  See also: Notability (events).  I'm tagging the 'purple octopus' section as recentism, per the guidelines, but will wait for concensus on this page before re-deleting.  AS for me - I vote DELETE.  Nothingofwater (talk) 16:32, 21 October 2010 (UTC)
 * With all due respect, unless you live in this town I do not feel that you are qualified to say that "This is not an important part of the history of the town". A large majority of the towns people disagreed with the city council, and historical evidence suggests is not the first time the Walla Walla City Council has been caught in scandal based on the data I have; I feel removing this data would violate NPOV as the current article is not even written in NPOV, its like an advertisement and is not balanced or neutral, and this addition provides more balance. 71.231.80.153 (talk)
 * Trying not to bite here, but by your very words you have proven my point. An event that only has relevence to the people who live in Walla Walla is by definition *not* what is supposed to be included in Wikipedia.  One of the very items cited as non-relevent are such things as city council minutes, etc.  Your statements above indicate that you clearly have a personal investment in this issue (either simply as a resident of Walla Walla, or as someone involved inthe contraversy); which only underlines the irony of citing NPOV.  To be brief, this trivial 'event' will in no way appreciably alter or even affect the history or character of Walla Walla.  I ask other editors here to jump in and lend some perspective to the discussion. Nothingofwater (talk) 04:44, 22 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I live in Seattle and do not live in this town. No conflict of interest exists for me, but with all due respect I admit to wondering if you do live in the area and thus could be against this addition due to conflict of interest of your own. I'm interested in these historical events because they share elements with other higher profile scandals that ARE documented very well on Wikipedia. Surely if they are allowed to be documented, these can be as well. 71.231.80.153 (talk)
 * OK then - good to hear. Let's stick to the facts.  I maintain that when taken in relation to the entire history of this town, these events aren't significant enough to include in this article.  I am unaware of any high-profile scandals in Walla Walla, related or otherwise.  If it's the scandal only (independent of the town's history) that needs documenting, then a seperate article outlining the whole 'purple octopus' affair would be in order, with a mention and a link on the Walla Walla page.  Nothingofwater (talk) 21:02, 25 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Additionally I have copies of legal documents that were provided to the public that support some of these events as having "happened" with events from several months ago as being referenced as initial events. That's not really considered current event, so in my mind while some of the more recent items may be less historical due to recentness, the founding events that sparked this issue are historical due to the time-line and as such the more current events are historically relevant. I would love to provide a copy of the original citation to Wikipedia hat shows things happened over a month ago for historical reference, as it is publicly available to any who can do a google search, but uploads are denied. 71.231.80.153 (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 01:42, 22 October 2010 (UTC).
 * Again, I advise you to please do some reading on what Wikipedia is *not*. You have stated here that you are in posession of 'legal documents' which prove your claims, but this also is explicitly rejected as a source.  From No original research, "Wikipedia does not publish original research. The term "original research" refers to material—such as facts, allegations, ideas, and stories—not already published by reliable sources. It also refers to any analysis or synthesis of published material to advance a position not advanced by the sources."    Nothingofwater (talk) 04:44, 22 October 2010 (UTC),
 * For whatever reason, You have the wrong assumptions about me and these events. Lets look at the facts, please. Research is not my own. These are documents provided and published by reputable third party sources, and as you have just stated this is explicitly allowed on Wikipedia, as they are not original research by me.  In this case the sources include the very same city council the events surround, third party legal councils fact finding, and reputable news outlets that are the main source of news for the area. This also includes photographic evidence from cameras covering the street and showing protest marches, among other forms of factual evidence that are all considered reputable enough to be deemed not only allowed in court, but considered indisputable evidence in such a proceeding based on my admittedly non-perfect knowledge of the law. I humbly ask that you re-consider your incorrect assumptions about my intentions, and continue to let us work together within wikipedias rules as I have attempted to do so, without letting anger or bias get in the way. Thanks. 71.231.80.153 (talk)
 * I must have misunderstood - when you stated you were in posession of unspecified 'legal documents' that supported your opinion (without citing them), it sounded like OR to me. My apologies.  Regardless, the heart of the matter here is not 'Did these events happen or not?'  - Rather it is 'Are these events noteworthy as part of Walla Walla's history?'.  I still maintain that it isnt.  Re-read the history section of this article, and see that there are no other city-council squabbles mentioned.  If it doesnt belong in the history section, then it doesnt belong in the article  - Wikipedia isnt about blogging on current events.  Nothingofwater (talk) 21:02, 25 October 2010 (UTC)

Geography needs expansion
Would someone who knows the area well add more information about some of the geographical features of the town, e.g., the names of the brooks and canals, the kinds of soils and rocks the town was built upon, the earthquake activity it gets exposed to, the relative humidity levels (these can be added to the excellent weather table), the pollen and pollution kinds and levels, and so forth, wherever information is available? ~PSYB~ (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 07:53, 21 August 2009 (UTC).

Magic:TG
As somebody who was one of these 'testers' I don't think its fair that Professor Garfield gets all the credit for the creation of the game in this article. A lot of people - including myself - where involved in the creation of this game and as unfair as it may or may not be that this guy ran off with all the money, fame, etc from the work we did to create it, I still think Wikipedia should place truth above it all. I don't feel that the article is correct, and as such I will be adding a "article disputed" tag to the article until this is fixed. Belgarath TS (talk) 20:00, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I inserted a "this section is in dispute" tag at the appropriate place in the article, and removed the more general "this article is in dispute". I gather that the section regarding the trading game is all that is disputed, not the entire article.  Nothingofwater (talk) 22:44, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

 * That is fine, I just wanted it known that this was disputed and tried my best to do it in the most respectful manner possible. Belgarath TS (talk) 21:42, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Looking at the specific concern, - that the game testers werent given credit when the creation of the game was mentioned in this article - i have to say i'm not sure that this is the right place for it. This article is about the town, not the game; and those interested in the game will likely look at the game's article.
 * Having said that, let me propose the following. Part 1: We reduce the mention of M:tG in the Walla Walla article to something like, "The trading card game Magic: The Gathering was created at Whitman College during the 1993 school year." If we want to add the name of Richard Garfield (only because his is the principle name associated with the game, and it isnt the place to name everyone), then that would be OK, too.  Either way, it's left deliberately vague enough that no one can say they are being 'left out'.  Part 2:  Looking over the game's article, and specifically the history part of it, none of this is mentioned.  I have already added the following to the beginning of the 'History' section of that article:  "Dr. Richard Garfield, the creator of the game, was a professor at Whitman College in 1993. He worked in his spare time with local volunteer playtesters to help refine the game during the 1993 school year."  If there are any issues with the wording of that, it really should be on the talk page for the game, where people with more background in the game can arrive at a more informed consensus.
 * I am hoping this satisfies all claims, but I'll wait for responses before making changes to this article, and removing the tag. Nothingofwater (talk) 00:24, 2 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Havent heard anything yet. Unless I hear some kind of protest or opinions otherwise - I'll go ahead and make proposed changes tomorrow. Nothingofwater (talk) 17:09, 4 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Done. I moved the note from the Agriculture section (I am a creative guy, but have a hard time imagining how it fits with agriculture), and put it in the trivia section.  I also moved the note about the sister city at the same time.  Nothingofwater (talk) 20:15, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Well handled - Williamborg (Bill) 21:46, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I would argue that claiming "The trading card game Magic: The Gathering was created at Whitman College during the 1993 school year." is a bit of an overstatement. As cited in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Garfield#Education_and_career the game had already been in development by the time Professor Garfield came to Whitman. How about changing it to: "The trading card game Magic: The Gathering was play tested at Whitman College during the 1993 school year." Or maybe even "Early versions of the trading card game..." And to further stir the hornets nest, is a town hosting play testers for a game (even Magic) really notable? Coxwal (talk) 05:40, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

Little things
Uhh yeah, the winter is too cold and the summers are too hot and dry for anyone to want to farm mushrooms here.

Also, I removed the word "volcanic" from the description of the valley's soil, as it is not volcanic. The soil is very fertile but is not volcanic, or actually "native," so to speak, to the area: some was blown into the area by the wind, and some was carried in by massive floods.

The soil is volcanic because of the Flood basalts — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.85.26.65 (talk) 00:41, 5 October 2016 (UTC)

Noteworthy Residents
Added Eric O'flaherty to the list of noteworthy residents he was added to the Mariners roster tuesday 8/16/06

lame
This article reads like a tourist guide. Everett3 18:15, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

This article is a tourist guide. It was probably created by some city official or business owner.

 * Please improve it then. Pfly 08:16, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Mention in popular culture
According to the Manual of Style, "Mention in popular culture" sections should not be included in WP articles. Unless I hear otherwise, I'm going to remove the "Mention in popular culture" section from the main article and add it to the talk page in 1 week. Jacobko 15:44, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

After hearing no objections, I've removed the "Mention in popular culture" section from the main page. If you have any questions or comments, please list them here before moving the section back! --Jacobko 16:16, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * The Offspring have a song called "Walla Walla" about going to the State Penitentiary located in Walla Walla. One of the lines reads "I'll see you in...Walla Walla". It can be found on their album Americana.
 * The film "Stakeout," with Emilio Estevez, includes a lengthy conversation about criminals who did time in Walla Walla's state penetentiary.
 * The film "Dancer in the Dark," with Björk, ends with the main character on death row at the Walla Walla penetentiary.
 * In A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949) Bing Crosby's character says "Walla Walla, Washington" along with other funny place names like "Saskatoon, Saskatchewan" to "make" the sun disappear.
 * The "Looney Tunes" series has also mentioned this town in a couple of its episodes; "Wishie-Washie-White-Washing Machine Salesman from Walla Walla Washington", or "The Little Giant Vacuum Clear Company, Walla Walla, Washington". In one episode, Bugs Bunny uses it as a magic word to transform a vampire.
 * Comedian George Carlin uses the city's name in his Wonderful Wino skit; "Wonderful WINO, in western Walla Walla".
 * In the Pogo comic, a spoof of "Deck the Halls" contains the lyric: "Walla Walla, Wash., and Kalamazoo."
 * In Captain Underpants and the Wrath of the Wicked Wedgie Woman, reporters are stationed in Walla Walla. The city is also a base for the company that manufactures the 3-D Hypno-Ring.
 * In the Three Stooges episode Cash and Carry, the trio uses a map of Walla Walla to dig for treasure, inadvertently breaching the fictional Walla Walla Federal Depository.
 * The book "Headlock" by Edgar Award winning author Burl Barer takes place primarily in Walla Walla, Washington. Barer was a resident of Walla Walla when he wrote this novel. It was the best selling book in Walla Walla during the first year of its publication, according to Amazon.com, outselling Harry Potter.
 * Mentioned in an episode of the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana entitled "Oops! I Meddled Again". Hannah Montana receives a fan e-mail from a fan who lives in Walla Walla Washington.
 * In an episode of the PBS cartoon Arthur, Dora Winnifred (DW) asks, "Walla Walla? Where's Walla Walla? What's Walla Walla Walla Walla?"
 * In The Simpsons episode entitled "Homie the Clown," Walla Walla is one of the so-called ridiculous city names listed by Krusty the Clown during a class at clown college. Seattle is also listed.
 * In the comic strip Zits, Jeremy exults that his favorite band's new CD, "Gingivitis Live in Walla Walla," has just reached number seventeen on the charts.

I think you need to reread the MOS section you cited, as it says in the first sentence under "Guidance:" Do not simply remove such sections; instead, find ways to improve the article so that this form of organization is no longer necessary. It may be possible to integrate some items into the article text. Especially for a relatively small town with relatively modest article content, I think notable popular culture references are perfectly good content, as they illustrate what influence the place has had on culture (for whatever reason). This wouldn't make sense for Seattle or Los Angeles etc., but I think it does for smaller locations. - Keith D. Tyler ¶ 18:30, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

In case anybody cares: The town is mentioned in the lyrics of "It's a Beautiful Day for a Ballgame." See: Baseball's Greatest Hits WHPratt (talk) 17:02, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

Agriculture involves M:tG?
I think that the Agriculture part should either be renamed or the non-Agriculture parts be moved. This includes the bit about M:tG and the twinning cities thing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sawbladex (talk • contribs) 17:06, 24 October 2008 (UTC)

Terms coined in Walla Walla?
The article claims that Wallans... Walla Wallians... whatever... residents of Walla Walla coined the term, "Place so nice they named it twice.". The author has obvious never been to New York, New York, where the term actually seems to have been coined. Eitherway, there is no proof of claim. I say we pitch it.

supersoulty (talk) 02:05, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

You beat me to it, friendo. I'd say "New York, New York" has the Walla Walla beat by about 200-300 years. Some people need to get out more. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.49.30.128 (talk) 16:05, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * The same person said it about both places! CodeHitchhiker (talk) 06:43, 6 March 2022 (UTC)

Yea some people do, because the term Walla Walla comes from the Native American tribe in the area, so I'd say they beat New York since they were the Walla Walla since before New York was even New Amsterdam — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.85.69.194 (talk) 05:28, 21 April 2017 (UTC)

Request: Soaring Stones
I am hoping someone near Walla Walla may be able to take a photograph of the sculpture Soaring Stones outside Cordiner Hall on the Whitman College campus. Thanks for your consideration. --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 19:01, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

History section
Eight paragraphs dedicated to the first contact and affairs of pre-foundation Walla Walla is excessive and does not bode well for the development of the article. , I would highly suggest writing in Summary style instead of trying to be overly detailed; that can be saved for a spinoff article like History of Walla Walla, Washington.  Sounder Bruce  06:40, 6 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I've started History of Walla Walla, Washington and am working on summarizing and moving content. CodeHitchhiker (talk) 17:46, 6 March 2022 (UTC)
 * It is hard to read "Walla Walla history began in 1806 …." Surely things of note happened centuries before Lewis & Clark showed up.  Easier to say/read "Walla Walla written history  began in 1806"  or " In 1806, the Lewis & Clark expedition made its first contact with the indigenous communities of the area that became Walla Walla."
 * Even Stonehenge is getting more "history" in the 21st century as we mortals become more knowledgeable.
 * Dconn25 73.158.108.140 (talk) 20:13, 23 September 2023 (UTC)

Page is broken
Someone broke the top section of the page today, presumably unintentionally. I'm not skilled enough to walk it back. Irelandkm (talk) 16:51, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
 * . Accidentally broke a link in the infobox.  Sounder Bruce  18:28, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Walla Walla, Washington


text:
West Highland Free Press

The West Highland Free Press was founded in the Scottish Highlands in 1972 as a left-wing weekly newspaper, but with the principal objective of providing its immediate circulation area with the service which a local paper is expected to provide. It is based at Broadford on the Isle of Skye, covering Skye, Wester Ross and the Outer Hebrides.

Content and columnists
The paper's priorities are summarised in the Gaelic slogan on its masthead: "An Tir, an Canan 's na Daoine – The Land, the Language, the People". It is a slogan borrowed from the Highland Land League which, in the late 19th century, fought crucial battles to win security of tenure for crofters.

The land issue is at the heart of the Free Press politics. The paper perceives a fundamental conflict of interest in private landlordism (which persists to the present), and this is reflected in many of the most celebrated stories which it has reported. It has championed the cause of community land ownership with considerable impact upon public policy including the establishment of a Scottish Land Fund and a Community Land Unit at Highland Enterprise in the late 1990s. The paper has also advocated community co-operatives and other locally based forms of economic development.

The Free Press has consistently championed the cause of the Gaelic language, both by giving it political support and by publishing written Gaelic material. The Press has also reported and campaigned on environmental-impact stories such as the construction of a private-enterprise tollbridge to Skye. It has also supported renewable energy though this has recently proved to be a controversial stance, particularly on the Isle of Lewis. Though generally supportive of the Labour Party, it has also criticised Labour governments on issues such as crofting reform and has played a major part in shaping political debate in the West Highlands and Islands.

The West Highland Free Press has seen a number of notable columnists, including Professor Donald MacLeod, former principal and leading theologian of the Free Church of Scotland College in Edinburgh, Angus Peter Campbell, the award-winning Gaelic writer and award-winning novelist Roger Hutchinson. The paper's founding editor, Brian Wilson, was also a regular contributor since retiring from politics as a Labour MP and British government minister.

The West Highland Free Press is available extensively within the West Highlands and Islands and in towns and cities throughout Scotland, each Friday. The full paper is now also available by subscription on the internet. In 2013, it had a weekly circulation of over 7,500.

Sacking of Donald Macleod
Regular contributor Donald Macleod wrote a 22 May 2015 column on a future "Islamic dominance in Britain". He argued that, while minority groups fit in with the majority, that this would alter once Muslims formed majorities in the UK, saying:"All minorities prefer to keep a low profile and avoid trouble. Generations of British Muslims have done exactly that, many have made an invaluable contribution to British society, and many are perfectly prepared to listen quietly while Christians 'witness' to them.""But when minorities become majorities, things change, as German Jews discovered in the 1930s. Once the Nazis achieved ascendancy, friendly German neighbours suddenly became informants for the Gestapo; and in the event of Islamic dominance in Britain our friendly Muslim shopkeepers will have little option but to march behind the radicals."West Highland Free Press Editor Ian McCormack required Macleod to "moderate his language", MacLeod refused and resigned. Brian Wilson was then sacked for writing a column criticising his former colleagues. Broadcaster and columnist Maggie Cunningham also left the title in protest.

Editor McCormack later suggested he had made "a serious error of judgement" and was following his worker-owner colleagues' intentions. He made "no apology" for Wilson's sacking. While he "share[ed] many of the views he expressed" he felt the column was a breach of trust, due to its criticism of the paper's owners.

Free speech groups attacked the sacking, while human rights lawyer Aamer Anwar condemned the column as "Islamophobic" lacking in "Jesus's encouragement to 'turn the other cheek'".

Awards
The newspaper has often won awards at the Highlands and Islands Media Awards. In 2012 this included Journalist of the Year, Sports Writer of the Year, Photographer of the Year. In previous years they have also picked up Newspaper of the Year, Website of the Year, Feature Writer of the Year, Gaelic Columnist of the Year, Reporter of the Year.

Employee ownership
On 27 October 2009 the West Highland Free Press became the only employee-owned newspaper in the United Kingdom. The newspaper celebrated its 40th anniversary in April 2012. The newspaper's managing director, Paul Wood, is also a board member with Co-operative Development Scotland, the Scottish Government subsidiary promoting employee-ownership, collaboration and mutualism within Scotland.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: West Highland Free Press


text:
User:Yoimjamie

Just a guy, sport and science enthusiast, as well as many other things.

早口！！ となりの坊主が上手な屏風の絵を書いた. 早くて言って見ないの?

title: User:Yoimjamie


text:
Gradus ad Parnassum

The Latin phrase gradus ad Parnassum means "steps to Parnassus". It is sometimes shortened to gradus. Parnassus is the prominence of a mountain range in central Greece, a few kilometres north of Delphi, of which the two summits, in Classical times, were called Tithorea and Lycoreia. In Greek mythology, one of the peaks was sacred to Apollo and the nine Muses, the inspiring deities of the arts, and the other to Dionysus. The phrase came to be used by authors of various books of instruction with the aid of which gradual progress and mastery in an art or scholarly discipline is sought.

Classics
The first application of the phrase is to a kind of Latin or Greek dictionary, in which the quantities of the vowels are marked in the words, to help beginners to understand the principles of Latin verse composition, in relation to the values of the metrical feet. The first 'step' or lesson is contained in the title phrase itself, because 'gradus' being a fourth-declension noun (a step), with a short '-us' in the singular, becomes 'gradūs', with a lengthened '-ūs', in the plural (steps). The difference in meaning teaches one to observe the difference in vowel quantity between two forms which look the same but have different grammatical properties, and so to pronounce the title of the dictionary correctly. Then 'Parnassus' is a poetic figure alluding to the Muse (of poetry): and the second function of the Thesaurus is even so, to illustrate such figures. Therefore, the whole expression Gradus ad Parnassum is not just a title but an epitome of the work itself, combining declension, construction, scansion and figure.

The Gradus ad Parnassum made famous under the name of Jesuit Paul Aler (1656–1727), a schoolmaster, published in 1686, presented anew an earlier Thesaurus attributed to Pierre Joulet, sieur de Chastillon (1545–1621). This was not a general dictionary but a thesaurus of synonyms, epithets, verses and phrases in classical poetic usage. The work in Alers' form existed into the 19th century with the definitions as well as the entries written in Latin. Known to many generations of students throughout Europe, and passing through numerous editions, 19th century English-speaking schoolchildren knew the 1818 revision by Dr John Carey (1756–1826) simply as 'Carey's Gradus'. It was specially intended for the study and appreciation of Latin poetry of the classical period, and to aid students in the practice of verse composition. There is also a Latin gradus by C.D. Yonge (1850); English-Latin by AC Ainger and HG Wintle (1890); Latin-French by F.J.M. Noël (1810); Greek by Thomas Morell (1762, new ed. ed. by E. Maltby, Bishop of Durham, 1815); John Brasse (1828).

The large general dictionaries of Greek and Latin adopted this pattern of information. For example, the Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon (1843) and its current derivatives give quantity information where it is crucial and where it is available; so do Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short's A Latin Dictionary (1879) and its derivatives. The synonyms, epithets, poetical expressions and extracts became incorporated under the more important headings.

Yonge
Charles Duke Yonge published A gradus ad Parnassum: For the use of Eton, Westminster, Harrow, and Charterhouse schools, King's college, London, and Marlborough college in 1850 a work that was still in print in 1902, by then titled ...For the use of Eton, Westminster, Harrow, Charterhouse and Rugby schools, King's college, London, and Marlborough college and bound with A Dictionary of Epithets: Classified according to their English meaning.

Music and art
Works entitled Gradus ad Parnassum include:
 * a seminal textbook on counterpoint written by Johann Joseph Fux in 1725, still used today for instruction in musical theory and composition; Leopold Mozart is said to have taught his son Wolfgang from its pages. Beethoven held it in great esteem, and Haydn meticulously worked out each of its exercises.
 * a collection of 100 instructional piano pieces by Muzio Clementi
 * a collection of instructional piano pieces by Carl Czerny
 * a collection of instructional violin studies by Ernst Heim
 * a series of pedagogical works for violin by Jakob Dont
 * a collection of 24 double bass studies by Franz Simandl
 * a collection of pedagogical studies for violin by Émile Sauret
 * a collection of pedagogical studies for harmonium by Sigfrid Karg-Elert
 * a piano sonatina by Hanns Eisler
 * an album cd or streaming from 2023 by harpsichord player Jean Rondeau

Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum is a satirical piano composition by Claude Debussy, from his suite Children's Corner, poking fun at one or the other of these sets of exercises (Czerny's according to Myriam Chimènes's notes to the Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli version).

Samuel Coleridge-Taylor wrote a nonet, his Op. 2, subtitled Gradus ad Parnassum, not as a pedagogical work but to display composition skills while he was a student at London's Royal College of Music.

Ad Parnassum is a significant painting in the divisionist style by Paul Klee.

Since the year 2000, the name Gradus ad Parnassum was incorporated as the name of a small music school in New Jersey, Gradus ad Parnassum Inc.

title: Gradus ad Parnassum


text: User talk:80.77.201.191

title: User talk:80.77.201.191


text:
Talk:ChatZilla

Untitled
Hey, can someone posts some good ChatZilla Scripts for everyone?

I was unable to find a place to download ChatZilla or XULRunner. Last I heard, XULRunner was still in development and there weren't any real apps for it yet. Do you, uh, have any more information on this? --MadEwokHerd 23:52, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * http://silver.warwickcompsoc.co.uk/temp/

 * You could get chatzilla-0.9.66e.zip. It's quite big (compared to the xpi), because you have to get XULRunner too. It works quite decently for now though. And yes, XULRunner is still in development, as far as I know. You can also use the xpi, which can be installed in Firefox or the Mozilla Suite. I hope this answers your question :-). Gijs Kruitbosch 21:15, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * It does, thanks. --MadEwokHerd 03:35, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

software infobox data
I added the Template:Infobox Software, basically copied/pasted from the Mozilla Firefox page. So I naturally removed these two comments, which only apply to firefox:

However, I don't know what editing comments, if any, should be here, according to general policy. Just mentioning it. Phoenix-forgotten 23:55, 2005 Apr 28 (UTC)

which is the motif is this?
the one used in the picture, I want to use that one as well. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.42.2.11 (talk • contribs)

Ditto on the motif, any _good_ tuts on making them?
I'll second the previous comment. Also where can one find good tuts on how to make motifs? And not just one that only explains changing some fonts, and background color. It would be nice to see a more detailed one that explains how the table is generated, and how to key HTML generation to events in chat. (Something that explains the script better to non-coders, not everyone likes reverse engineering. Perhaps in a similar manner to Overlib, which has its workings explained well enough.) It'd be nice to know how to make block colors alternate in subsequent comments and make stalked nicks stand out more, etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.194.160.54 (talk • contribs)
 * See the FAQ. And this is off-topic for a Wikipedia talk page, you should ask in the IRC channel. —Matt Nordhoff (talk) 15:24, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia IRC not working on ChatZilla
It says that I've timed out. Any ideas? --OrtonFan2006 02:38, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

get mIRC — Preceding unsigned comment added by EvilHom3r (talk • contribs) 14:50, 14 August 2007

Added Plugins Section
Hello collaborators,

I have just added a new section to the article, titled "Plugins," which so far lists some of the plugins that ChatZilla's developers offer. Feel free to add information. DelightedFrog (talk) 19:06, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

How do i install chatzilla
Chatzilla is available from the mozilla addons site as an extension for mozilla firefox and is an optional component duringinstallation for seaMonkey. If you have downloaded seaMonkey ,you can install chatzilla by selecting the full or custom options when installing the extension normally.

NOTE: On all platform, you will need to restart your browser after installing-this includes exiting the quick launch feeling. Pandeyprashant2016 (talk) 10:33, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

installation no longer possible with Mozilla (2018)
Since introduction of Firefor Quantum it is no longer possible to iinstall ChatZilla within Mozilla. --91.7.3.251 (talk) 12:15, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

new ChatZilla.org VS MoZilla's ChatZilla
From reading user requests on MoZilla's threads, users asking to obtain domains like "ChatZilla.org", I have come here to share good news that a new ChatZilla has been created over the last 10 years, implementing new superior web technology that is more flexible via browser and mobile browser (soon APPs) using TLS WSS and has incorporated Facebook social media viral post profiles, Discord style unlimited profile chat rooms (with Emojis and Media uploads) along with Messenger private chat (with media uploads, Emojis, etc). It's beta live, running as a slow test system until the right hosting / funding comes along to give it a home. This is the web / mobile evolution of MoZilla's current ChatZilla plugin. Coder / owner of ChatZilla.org is looking to retire and sell to serious investors to bid on framework starting minimum at 8 digits with a 5% profit payout for life. Offers can be made privately via ChatZilla.org contact page. Thank you. Sincerely yours, https://www.chatzilla.org/ ```` — Preceding unsigned comment added by ChatZilla73 (talk • contribs) 17:34, 30 December 2020 (UTC)

ChatZilla 0.10
I notice that the current version of SeaMonkey includes a ChatZilla 0.10, so obviously it was developed further after version 0.9.93, which the article says is the "final release". But I cannot easily find the information when this was released, so cannot update this. Does someone else know this? Kšepta99 (talk) 19:14, 7 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:ChatZilla


text:
User:Sgeo/Public Watchlist

Check the list!

View the list!

title: User:Sgeo/Public Watchlist


text:
Ann Flood

Ann Flood (born Maryanne Elizabeth Ott; November 12, 1932 – October 7, 2022) was an American actress, best known for her role as journalist and author Nancy Pollock Karr in the soap opera The Edge of Night, a role she began in 1962. Flood portrayed the show's heroine for 22 years, witnessing the show's transition from live to taped broadcasts and its move from CBS to ABC.

Career
Flood was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York. She had notable roles on Broadway, making her debut in the 1954 musical Kismet and going on to play opposite Don Ameche in Holiday for Lovers (1957). Her television debut came earlier, in a 1952 live production of the W. S. Gilbert play, The Fortune Hunter, for WOR-TV.

Flood became a regular performer on golden age live TV shows, including Sergeant Bilko, Armstrong Circle Theatre, Kraft Theatre, and The Philco Television Playhouse. She was also known for roles in various commercials, including those for Good Seasons salad dressing, Newport cigarettes, Ivory Snow detergent, and Sterling beer. Before starting on The Edge of Night, she played the leading role of another journalist, Elizabeth "Liz" Fraser Allen in the soap opera From These Roots (1958–61).

In The Edge of Night, Nancy's marriage to Mike Karr remains as one of the longest in soap history. Nancy and Mike had no children of their own, but the character of Laurie (Mike's daughter by his first wife Sara) came to consider Nancy as her mother. Flood continued in the role through the series' finale in 1984, by which time she was the show's longest-serving cast member.

For her work on the show, Flood was twice nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, in 1982 and 1984.

After Edge of Night, Flood continued to act in daytime dramas. She was cast in a succession of shorter-term and recurring roles, playing Ella Hobbs, a villain on Search for Tomorrow, who tried to kill the show's leading character, Joanne, and played a variety of society matrons on Another World (Rose Livingston, 1986–1987), One Life to Live (Mrs. Guthrie, 1991), and As the World Turns, recurring from 1992 to 1993 as business executive Ruth Mansfield. In 1987, she joined the cast of All My Children playing the recurring role of Bitsy Davidson, Cecily's snooty mother, and was briefly under contract to the show. Her last appearance aired in January 1990.

Other work included guest-starring roles in prime-time TV programs such as The Cosby Show, and a role in the 1988 feature film, Mystic Pizza.

Personal life and death
Flood was married since 1952 to sportscaster and media network executive Herb Granath until his death in 2019. She had three sons and one daughter.

Flood died in Stamford, Connecticut, on October 7, 2022, five weeks before her 90th birthday.

title: Ann Flood


text:
User:Sgeo/Public Watchlist/list

 * Village pump (news)
 * Sandbox
 * Second Life
 * Napoleon I of France

title: User:Sgeo/Public Watchlist/list


text:
Louny

Louny (Laun) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 18,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Ohře river. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Administrative parts
The villages of Brloh and Nečichy are administrative parts of Louny. Brloh forms an exclave of the municipal territory.

Etymology
The origin of the name Louny is unclear. Older theories, which are less likely, link the name to the personal name Lún, to the Czech word lůno (literally "womb", but here meaning "valley"), to the bird luňák (i.e. "kite"), or even to the Celtic word louwn ("lawn"). More modern and more likely theories attribute the origin of the name to the Old Czech words lunúti ("to flow fast") and lúňa / lúna ("current"), which refer to the local flow of the Ohře River.

Geography
Louny is located about 38 km southeast of Ústí nad Labem and 49 km northwest of Prague. It lies mostly in the Lower Ohře Table, but a small northern part of the municipal territory extends into the Central Bohemian Uplands and includes the highest point of Louny at 301 m above sea level. The Ohře River flows through the town.

History
Already at the turn of the 11th–12th centuries there was a settlement named Luna, located on the site of today's Church of Saint Peter. The first written mention of the settlement is from 1115, when it was a property of Kladruby Abbey. In the 1260s, a royal town was founded at its place by King Ottokar II of Bohemia. It was located on two important traffic routes, river Ohře and the road from Prague to Nuremberg. Together with the town a Benedictine monastery was founded, but it was destroyed during the Hussite Wars.

The town rapidly developed in the 15th century, when Church of Saint Peter, Church of the Mother of God and town fortifications were built. After a fire in 1517, the town was severely damaged and had to be rebuilt, and a new church (Church of Saint Nicholas) was built.

During the 19th century and then in the 1960s and 1970s, there was extensive demolitions in the historical town and many valuable Renaissance houses and parts of town fortifications were destroyed. The economic development of Louny occurred in the second half of the 19th century, when railway repair shops, sugar factory, brewery, slaughterhouses, mills and financial institutions were founded. After 1945, industrialisation of Louny continued.

Until 1918, Laun – Louny was part of Austria-Hungary, in the district of the same name, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.

Economy
The town lies on a railway junction and a factory for overhauling railway engines and rolling stock, later known as Heavy Machinery Services, was established in 1873. It was a major employer and contributed to the town's expansion during the early 20th century. The company was the town's largest employer until 2014, when it went bankrupt. Since 2019, the industrial complex is rented to the DAKO-CZ company, which is a brake system manufacturer for rolling stock.

Other industries include a brewery (from the hops which are grown in the region) and a factory making porcelain electrical insulators for power cables. The largest employer with headquarters in Louny is Fujikoki Czech company, producer of thermostatic expansion valves used in car air conditioners.

Transport
Several railway lines run through Louny: Most–Rakovník, Česká Lípa – Postoloprty and Louny – Kralupy nad Vltavou. The town is served by three train stations.

Sights
The most important architectural feature is Roman Catholic Church of Saint Nicholas, built in the late Gothic style in 1519–1538. One of the architects was Benedikt Rejt. It incorporates a tower from an earlier church which was otherwise destroyed along with most of the town by a major fire in 1517. Other significant churches in the town are Church of Saint Peter from the 14th–15th century, Church of the Mother of God from 1493 and Church of the Fourteen Holy Helpers from 1716.

The historic centre of Louny forms Mírové Square and its surroundings. The town hall on the square is a Neo-Renaissance building from 1887. The most valuable building on the square is a Renaissance house, today the seat of the district archive.

Parts of the town ramparts remain, as does the Žatec Gate which dates from 1500.

Notable people

 * Jaroslav Vrchlický (1853–1912), poet
 * Václav Hlavatý (1894–1969), mathematician
 * Otakar Jaroš (1912–1943), officer in the Czechoslovak forces in the Soviet Union
 * Božena Kacerovská (1880–1970), opera singer
 * Zdeněk Sýkora (1920–2011), painter
 * Milan Kymlicka (1936–2008), Czech-Canadian arranger, composer and conductor
 * Karolína Plíšková (born 1992), tennis player
 * Kristýna Plíšková (born 1992), tennis player

Twin towns – sister cities
Louny is twinned with:
 * Barendrecht, Netherlands
 * 🇸🇰 Lučenec, Slovakia
 * 🇫🇷 Moret-Loing-et-Orvanne, France
 * 🇩🇪 Zschopau, Germany

title: Louny


text:
The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar

The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar (sometimes written as ...featuring Bachir Attar) are a collective of Jbala Sufi trance musicians, serving as a modern representation of a centuries-old music tradition. The collective includes musicians from the village of Jajouka (sometimes spelled as Joujouka or Zahjouka), in the Rif Mountains of northern Morocco. Most members are the sons of previous members, and adopt the surname Attar ("perfume maker").

History
The original Master Musicians of Joujouka were first documented by Western journalists in the early 1950s. In the early 1990s, the collective split into two factions, as first reported by visiting musician Lee Ranaldo. One collective retained the name "The Master Musicians of Joujouka". Meanwhile, the faction led by Bachir Attar, whose father had led the group in the late 1960s, took on the name "The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar". Bachir Attar's group attracted protests at concerts in the United Kingdom, and international journalists noted that the schism created discord in the collective's home village. Other journalists and fans conceded that both groups were working to preserve their ancient musical heritage.

Bachir Attar's group released the album Apocalypse Across the Sky in 1992, produced by Bill Laswell. Jajouka Between the Mountains followed in 1996, produced by Tchad Blake; and Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar, produced by Talvin Singh, was released in 2000. The album, The Road to Jajouka, was released in 2014 and featured guest appearances by Ornette Coleman, John Medeski, Flea, DJ Logic, Lee Ranaldo, Bill Laswell, and many others.

Members

 * Current

 * Bachir Attar
 * Mustapha Attar
 * Mohamed "Hadj" Attar
 * Amin Attar
 * Mohamed Attar The Mohkadem
 * Mohamed Attar Berdouz Jr.
 * Hamido Attar
 * Abdellah Bohkzar
 * Mokhtar Jaghdal
 * Abdelzarak "Hadj" Attar
 * Bouker Talha
 * Ahmed el Ballouti
 * Ahmed Bahkat

 * Former

 * Larbi Hlalli Attar
 * Abdellah Bokzar
 * Tahir Bokzar
 * Abdeslam Bokzar
 * Mohamed El Hatmi (currently with Master Musicians of Joujouka)
 * Ali Maidoubi
 * Ali Nachat

Discography

 * Apocalypse Across the Sky (1992)
 * Jajouka Between the Mountains (1996)
 * Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar (2000)
 * Jajouka Live Vol. 1 (2009)
 * The Road to Jajouka (2014)
 * Dancing Under the Moon (2022)

Film soundtracks and compilation albums

 * Ornette: Made in America (1985, film sound track appearance)
 * The Sheltering Sky (1990, film soundtrack and film appearance)
 * Naked Lunch (1991, film soundtrack appearance)
 * Lost in the Translation: Axiom Ambient (1994)
 * The Cell (2000, film soundtrack appearance with The London Philharmonic Orchestra)
 * Time's Up Live (2001)
 * Along Came Polly (2004, film soundtrack appearance)
 * Jajouka Something Good Comes To You - Master Musicians Of Jajouka Led By Bachir Attar (2021, La Huit)


text:
Talk:Morristown Line

Route Guide
The route guide should be cleaned up, and portions probably moved into their own articles on various stations. --SPUI 23:56, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * This is true, mainly with stations such as Dover and Summit which have seen massive upgrades since 1983 and Newark Broad Street which is being rebuilt. --Ken S. 17:19, 8 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The Route guide originally looked like it was written by a railfan. Thats great if this was a railfan website. I've changed all the "You pass" to "The line passes". Basically I changed the section so it wasn't written to a 'you'. 3D jonny 00:15, 25 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I did a quick pass through the route guide and updated it with information and a few minor corrections jis (talk) 21:28, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Freight Trains
Has anyone heard anything about Freight now running on this line? I have heard that folks are upset about it in Summit and there is growing concern in Madison. November 13, 2005

 * It has to do with the Rahway Valley and Lackawanna Cutoff restoration projects. Other than that, Norfolk Southern operates local freight service along the Morristown, Montclair-Boonton, and Gladstone Lines and Morristown & Erie moves its freight along the line. --172.172.221.133 17:13, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Ampere Station
The Ampere Station was located in East Orange and was the next stop after and before Roseville Avenue. Should this station be added with the other abandoned stations in the list. Misterrick 00:27, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Ampere was on the Bay Street-Newark section of the Montclair-Boonton Line. I have removed it from the list after it was added as per the post below. The abandoned station between East Orange and Roseville Avenue is Grove Street. Both Grove Street & Ampere were abandoned in 1991. Ken S. 13:58, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

(person who wrote this was wrong) Tlantanu (talk) 17:22, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

Excuse me your wrong, the Ampere Station was not on the Montclair Branch it was in East Orange and ran on the Morristown line from Morristown, Newark Broad Street and Hoboken Terminal. I will be reinstating it and deleting it from the Montclair-Boonton line article. Just as a point of reference I have been riding these trains since I was five years old and when it was the old Erie Lackawanna service. 151.198.167.183 07:21, 12 May 2007 (UTC)
 * As per a 1980 M&E timetable and This map;

Ken S. 01:20, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Edits on May 8, 2007
I made several changes and edits/add-ons, First I added the Orange and West Orange Jitney to the connections for the Orange and South Orange stations, second I removed the paragraph under the Short Hills station where it says Springfield Jitney I removed "an NJT-owned community bus service" the Jitneys are not owned by NJT but instead are actually owned by the Township in which they service, i.e. Springfield, Orange, West Orange etc... and run by a financial grant from New Jersey Transit and the New Jersey Department of Transportation, Here in West Orange they use a Jitney bus that the township purchased but for the majority of time they use the Senior Citizens Department buses and I also added Ampere Station which is a former NJ Transit station in East Orange that is now abandoned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.160.106.24 (talk) 21:05, 8 May 2007(UTC)

New Providence
Two other stations were discontinued about 1906. Wyoming was on the east side of Wyoming Avenue, between Maplewood and Millburn, and Huntly was a block east of Springfield Avenue, between Short Hills and Summit. Millburn was re-sited about 0.2 miles east from its old location west of Old Short Hills Road. Taber books. Just now I'm not up to changing the diagram and finding the page references. JoeBrennan (talk) 18:27, 7 January 2019 (UTC)

Yes. It was on the pre-1905 alignment at New Providence Avenue in Summit. It was also called Elkwood. Reference is Taber's ''Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad" 3-volume work.JoeBrennan (talk) 18:06, 7 January 2019 (UTC)

There's an entry between Chatham and Summit for an abandoned New Providence station (not the one on the Gladstone branch). Is there a source for this? Radiocolin (talk) 23:51, 13 December 2008 (UTC)
 * If there was one it would have disappeared by 1954. There is no such stop mentioned on the 1954 DL&W timetable for medium and long-distance service: http://viewoftheblue.com/photography/timetables/DLW042554.pdf Dogru144 (talk) 15:23, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

Electrification
There are two places where the power turns on and off because of changes in electrification. One is outside of Newark (I assume that is the Kearny connection) and the second is outside South Orange, on the way to Maplewood. I can find plenty of information about Kearny but not about the second power change. It's very distinct if you're traveling on the M&E because the lights all go out. Why does that happen at this particular place but not others? Liz Read! Talk! 15:32, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

Name of route
At the present time (see signature) N J Transit issues one timetable called "Morris & Essex" for the combined Morristown and Gladstone services. On the map they are shown with different shades of green and the names Morristown Line and Gladstone Line, each with its own symbol, and as parallel green lines from Summit east. On the departure boards in New York Penn Station, in the column under "Line", they are called "Morristown" and "Gladstone Branch". I am inclined to use "Morris & Essex" as the name, based on the timetable, historical reasons, and simply a desire to have one name. But NJT is in such disarray about nomenclature that I am wary of proposing a change to the article title! JoeBrennan (talk) 18:19, 7 January 2019 (UTC)

Frequent service?
From early days of electrification in the 1930s until the Midtown Direct service sixty years later, the base service from Hoboken was every 30 minutes as far as Morristown, with alternate trains continuing to Dover. By comparison the current service has diminished to where I would not consider it "frequent". JoeBrennan (talk) 18:34, 7 January 2019 (UTC)

Missing references
There are citations to "Douglass" and "Platt" which do not correspond to entries in the bibliography. Can anyone shed light on these? Thanks, Mackensen (talk) 15:35, 14 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Morristown Line


text:
Energy liberalisation

Energy liberalisation refers to the liberalisation of energy markets, with specific reference to electricity generation markets, by bringing greater competition into electricity and gas markets in the interest of creating more competitive markets and reductions in price by privatisation. As the supply of electricity is a natural monopoly, this entails complex and costly systems of regulation to enforce a system of competition.

A strong drive for liberalisation occurred in European Union energy markets at the turn of the millennium, directed by European Commission directives favouring market liberalisation promulgated in 1996, 2003, and 2009. These programmes were supported with the interest of increasing the interconnectedness of European energy markets and building the common market. Similar initiatives, to varying degrees, have been pursued in nations around the world, such as Argentina, Chile, and the United States.

British model
A standard model for electricity liberalisation is the "British model", a reform plan which consists of six reforms: (1) creation of a competitive market for electricity, (2) the breakup of monopolized supply such that each consumer can select their provider, (3) separation of network maintenance from generation, (4) separation of direct supply from the generation of electricity, (5) creation of an incentive structure to set market prices in monopolistic competition, and (6) the privatisation of formerly state-owned assets. It was implemented under the Thatcher years as part of a mass privatisation campaign of many of the industries nationalised by previous Labour governments in the preceding decades. The risks involved for both generators and distributors have led to vertical re-integration.

Benefits of liberalisation
Proponents of liberalisation assert that the main benefit comes from the increased competition afforded to the market. This would increase the availability and distribution of energy in supply situations by building transparent price signals and diversifying the production of electricity between gas-turbine technologies to nuclear energy. It would also lead to the elimination of unnecessary overhead supply in formerly nationalised markets, allowing for capital resources to be utilised more effectively on things such as network infrastructure instead of maintaining idle power stations. These increases in efficiency have led to lower prices paid by consumers in nations, such as the United Kingdom, which have more heavily pursued deregulation.

The creation of pooled energy sources per the British model and other systems adopted in Chile and Texas have led to greater demand price-response, allowing for the more efficient use of electricity and increasing the response of consumers to prices so fewer costs are afforded to them. Furthermore, the greater interconnectedness of networks has allowed for markets to be more able to respond to peak energy demand and thereby increase the security of energy networks.

Problems with liberalisation
Liberalisation of electricity tends to substantially benefit large consumers (mainly industrial users), but benefits for domestic consumers compared with a public monopoly or a regulated private monopoly are questionable, as liberalisation has been shown to pass on supply costs onto consumers. There are also doubts over whether the system can ensure long-term security of supply through providing sufficient incentives to begin building generation capacity in time for when it is needed, an issue which has started to plague Britain in the mid-2010s as spare capacity has decreased significantly to just over 1.2 percent in 2015.

Furthermore, the experience of electricity liberalisation in developing countries has proven problematic, as many large multinationals withdrew support for power plant construction projects in the start of the 21st century, leaving countries such as Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Uganda to pick up the bill for the expansion of their electric networks. The privatisation of electricity favoured by liberal economists mirroring the British model have also led to increased expenditure on advertising and power switching incentives for consumers.

The nature of the natural monopoly coming from electricity generation is also an issue which has gone unaddressed. Because of the monopolistic competition inherent to the energy market, there are significant issues with collusion by firms to raise prices. To prevent these issues as well as those associated with direct intervention to build new generation capacity, governments have had to step in to further regulate and build such capacity directly, effectively defeating the point of liberalisation. These issues have been compounded with growing geopolitical instability in Eastern Europe and concerns over gas pipelines in Ukraine.

Europe
In the European Union, a strong policy of liberalisation of the European energy markets was pursued by the European Commission in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century. The first liberalisation directive for the electricity markets was adopted in 1996 and for the gas markets in 1998. The next directives were adopted in 2003. It was replaced by Directive 2009/72/EC of 13 July 2009, following a proposal by the European Parliament and the European Council in 2007 concerning separation of supply and generation or production activities.

An analysis of PSIRU states that it seems that the European Commission's liberalisation directives were motivated more about taking control of electricity from national governments, creating large European electricity companies that can compete strongly in the world market and destroying nationally owned monopoly companies, rather than a belief in the market.

title: Energy liberalisation


text:
User:A Course In Miracles

A COURSE IN MIRACLES

This is the Introduction that you find at opening of this book.

This is a course in miracles. It is a required course. Only the time you take it is voluntary. Free will does not mean that you can establish the curriculum. It means only that you canelect what you want to take at a given time.The course does not aim at teaching the meaning of love,for that is beyond what can be taught. It does aim, however, at removing the blocks to the awareness of love's presence, which is your natural inheritance. The opposite of love is fear, but what is all-encompassing can have no opposite. This course can therefore be summed up very simply in this way:

Nothing real can be threatened.  Nothing unreal exists.  Herein lies the peace of God.

The purpose of this Course is to train your Mind in a systematic way to a whole new perception of how you see yourself and the world. Here is what Jesus has to say in the begining of the workbook Lessons;

"A theoretical foundation such as the [text] is necessary as a background to make these exercises meaningful. Yet it is the exercises which will make the goal possible.  An untrained mind can accomplish nothing.  It is the purpose of these exercises to train the mind to think along the lines which the course sets forth.

The exercises are very simple. They do not require more than a few minutes, and it does not matter where or when you do them. They need no preparation. They are numbered, running from [1] to 365. The training period is one year. Do not undertake more than one exercise a day.

The purpose of these exercises is to train the mind to a different perception of everything in the world. The workbook is divided into two sections, the first dealing with the undoing of what you see now, and the second with the restoration of sight. It is recommended that each exercise be repeated several times a day, preferably in a different place each time, and if possible in every situation in which you spend any long period of time. The purpose is to train the mind to generalize the lessons, so that you will understand that each of them is as applicable to one situation as it is to another."

title: User:A Course In Miracles


text:
So Long a Letter

So Long a Letter (Une si longue lettre) is a semi-autobiographical epistolary novel originally written in French by the Senegalese writer Mariama Bâ. It was her first novel. Its theme is the condition of women in Western African society.

As the novel begins, Ramatoulaye Fall is beginning a letter to her lifelong friend Aissatou Bâ. The occasion for writing is Ramatoulaye's recent widowhood. As she gives her friend the details of her husband's death, she recounts the major events in their lives.

The novel is often used in literature classes focusing on women's roles in post-colonial Africa. It won the first Noma Award for Publishing in Africa in 1980.

Plot summary
So Long a Letter is written as a series of entries in a long letter from the main character Ramatoulaye Fall to her best friend Aissatou following the sudden death from heart attack of Ramatoulaye's husband Modou Fall. The letter is written while Ramatoulaye is going through 'Iddah, a four month and ten day mourning process that widow of the Muslim Senegalese culture must follow. Ramatoulaye begins by recalling and describing the emotions that flooded her during the first few days after her husband's death and speaks in detail about how he lost his life. She transitions the tone and time by discussing the life she had with her husband, from the beginning of their relationship to his betrayal of a thirty year marriage by secretly marrying his daughter's school best friend to the life he had with his second wife. Throughout this short and compelling novel, Ramatoulaye details to Aissatou, who experienced a similar but different marital situation, how she emotionally dealt with and was changed by his betrayal, his death, and by being a single mother of many.

Analysis
The letter covered many topics such as polygamy, Senegalese class hierarchy, and religion, so it was difficult to place the genre of the book. Some called it a novel while others referred to Bâ's work as a letter.

Author and professor Uzoma Esonwanne interpreted the book as a challenge to colonialism while also acknowledging colonial practices. The character Ramatoulaye's insistence on being heard and providing inside commentary on the downside of polygamy, made Esonwanne question the part gender plays in this new era of the world.

Author and Yale professor Christopher L. Miller found Bâ's So Long a Letter more journal-like, in that it held her written letter with no one answering back.

Literary scholar Abiola Irele called it "the most deeply felt presentation of the female condition in African fiction".

Reception
The letter was used in the western hemisphere to study how strong bonds women formed influenced them. Ramatoulaye and Aissatou's friendship helped them break away from social norms, gaining social and political respect without a male.

The letter was also used to understand women's views on polygamy. Some women in Senegal saw fault in polygamy and fought against it. Aissatou leaves her husband for practising polygamy and Ramatoulaye says no to marriage to another man.

The author was praised for her involvement in expanding African literature as well as feminism through personal accounts of her life.

Themes
So Long a Letter deals with multiple themes, which includes the life of women in Senegal during the 1970s, family and community life, Islam and polygamy, and death rituals.

The letters explore the tensions between Ramatoulaye's feminist values (developed largely as a consequence of her French colonial education) and her religion, which is often used a means of justifying the mistreatment of women like herself. However, Ramatoulaye attributes the mistreatment of women by men to the misinterpretation and misappropriation of Islamic scriptures, rather than suggesting that they are inherently sexist.

Characters

 * Ramatoulaye: The widowed Senegalese woman who, after 30 years of marriage and 12 children, narrates the story of her psychological abandonment by her husband, who marries a second wife. Ramatoulaye physically distances herself from Modou who dies four years after this second marriage. Ramatoulaye turns down two other marriage proposals, including that of Daouda Dieng. She is well educated and teaches at a university. After her husband's second marriage, she must work a lot, since her husband cuts off family ties and financial support.
 * Modou: The husband of Ramatoulaye and of Binetou. He was well educated, handsome, and charming. For his own selfish desires, he marries Binetou and cuts ties with his 12 children and first wife, Ramatoulaye. He later dies of a heart attack.
 * Mawdo: Ex-husband of Aïssatou. After being pressured by his mother Nabou, Mawdo follows tradition of polygamy and marries a young girl also named Nabou, who is his first cousin. After his marriage with Nabou, Aïssatou (his first wife) divorces him. He is Modou's long-time friend and a doctor.
 * Aïssatou: Ramatoulaye's best friend, to whom the letters are addressed. She divorced Mawdo because she did not believe in polygamy; she left him a letter explaining her actions and never returned. She takes care of herself well and bought Ramatoulaye a car, which made life much easier for Ramatoulaye. Her divorce is symbolic because it represents a new life for her. She later leaves Senegal with her four sons and moves to the United States to start over. She succeeds in making a new life for herself.
 * Aïssatou: Ramatoulaye and Modou's daughter, who is named after her best friend. She enters into a relationship with a boy named Ibrahim Sall, whom she calls "Iba," a poor student who impregnates her. They claim to love each other and plan their marriage after their studies. Since she is still a high school student, Iba's mother will take care of the child until she graduates.
 * Ibrahima Sall: A student of law who impregnates Aissatou, Ramatoulaye's daughter. He is tall, respectful, well-dressed, and punctual. Aïssatou is his first and possibly only love, he says. He will marry Aïssatou if Ramatoulaye will allow it.
 * Binetou: A young girl around Daba's age who marries her "sugar daddy" (Modou) because her mother, who was poor, wanted to live the high life and climb the social ladder. Binetou became an outcast who never quite fit in with the younger couples or the mature adults.
 * Daouda Dieng: A suitor of Ramatoulaye prior to her marriage with Modou who proposes to Ramatoulaye after her husband dies, but is turned down.
 * Daba: Ramatoulaye's and Modou's daughter. She is married and the eldest child. She is disgusted by her father's choice to take a second wife, especially one of her closest friends.
 * Arame, Yacine, and Dieynaba: Known as "the trio." They are Ramatoulaye's daughters. They smoke, drink, party, and wear pants instead of ladylike dresses. They represent the next modernized generation after liberation from France.
 * Alioune and Malick: Ramatoulaye's young boys who play ball in the streets because they claim to have no space to play in a compound. They get hit by a motorcyclist that they drag home with the intention of having their mother avenge them. They are disappointed to find that Ramatoulaye does not get mad at the cyclist, but at the boys because they were careless to play in the streets. This shows Ramatoulaye's wisdom in raising her children in the right way.
 * Ousmane and Oumar: Young sons of Ramatoulaye. They represent the idea that a father figure would be beneficial for Ramatoulaye's children since several of them are still so young.
 * Farmata: The griot woman who is Ramatoulaye's neighbour and childhood friend. She noses into Ramatoulaye's business and is the one to point out Aissatou's pregnancy to Ramatoulaye. She represents a "Spirit of Wisdom", but doesn't always give the best advice. Ramatoulaye and her become friends despite caste barriers.
 * Jacqueline Diack: Protestant wife of Samba Diack, a fellow doctor like Mawdo Bâ. Her husband's openly treacherous tendencies lead her to depression.
 * Little Nabou: Raised by Mawdo's mother, Grande Nabou. She is brought up under very traditional Muslim customs and becomes a midwife. She later marries Mawdo Bâ to be his second wife. She is the niece of Grande Nabou and the first cousin of Mawdo Bâ.
 * Grande Nabou: Mawdo Bâ's mother, who influences him to marry Little Nabou. She dislikes Aïssatou since she comes from a working-class family and her father is a jewelry maker. Grande Nabou is a princess from a royal family in Senegal and is very conservative in her views and traditions.
 * Mawdo Fall: He is the first son of Ranatoulaye and Modu. Gifted with intelligence, he is extremely brilliant. He always takes first position in class, after every test and exams, until his philosophy teacher at the Blaise Diagne Secondary School decides to racially discriminate against him intellectually because of a white boy, by the name of Jean Claude, by knocking off one or two marks from his grade for every single mistake he makes

title: So Long a Letter


text:
Vauxhall SRV

The Vauxhall SRV (Styling Research Vehicle) is a 1970 concept car designed by Wayne Cherry and Chris Field for Vauxhall Motors. Never intended for production, the car was an attempt to raise Vauxhall's profile and image while providing a research platform for novel design concepts.

The car's exterior design was inspired by the short-nosed, long-tailed Le Mans racers of the time, but was able to seat four adults in comfort, despite being just 41 in high. Unusually, the design featured fixed front seats but with all of the driver controls adjustable for position, angle, and reach. The car has been displayed more recently, such as at the London Classic Car Show in March 2017.

The car featured four doors, with the rear doors being handle-less and largely disguised, a feature that would take more than thirty years to be incorporated into real production cars. The car could change its aerodynamic profile using an adjustable aerofoil, which was located in the nose section. The SRV also had electrically adjusted suspension levelling at the rear, and the car could redistribute fuel to different tanks to adjust the centre of gravity.

The instruments were fixed to a pod which was hinged to the driver's door. The engine is a 2.3-litre, transversely mid-mounted Slant-Four, featuring fuel injection. The engine fitted to the SRV was actually a mock up; the car was unable to run under its own power and the necessary transverse transmission was never developed.

title: Vauxhall SRV


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Logopolis

Logopolis is the seventh and final serial of the 18th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 28 February to 21 March 1981. It was Tom Baker's last story as the Fourth Doctor and marks the first appearance of Peter Davison as the Fifth Doctor and Janet Fielding as new companion Tegan Jovanka.

The serial is set on the planets Earth and Logopolis. In the serial, the Doctor, a time traveller from the planet Gallifrey, forms a temporary truce with his arch-enemy the Master (Anthony Ainley) to stop the unravelling of the universe which the Master had started by accident.

The serial was the last Doctor Who story aired on Saturday evening for 4 years. When Peter Davison took over as the Fifth Doctor from January 1982, the BBC moved Doctor Who from Saturday nights to a new weekday prime time slot, airing two episodes per week; it did not return to Saturday evenings until 1985.

Plot
Alerted to impending trouble by the TARDIS's Cloister Bell, the Fourth Doctor decides to stay out of trouble, and instead repair the TARDIS's broken chameleon circuit by materialising around a real police box on Earth and recording its exact dimensions with Adric's help. With those, he can give the mathematicians of the planet Logopolis the right block-transfer computations to repair the circuit. The Master learns of the Doctor's plan, and materialises his TARDIS around the police box first, causing a recursion loop with the Doctor's. The Doctor eventually breaks his TARDIS out of the loop, but when they step outside, he sees a figure in white, the Watcher, telling him to go to Logopolis immediately. En route, they find they have gained a passenger, Tegan Jovanka, an airline stewardess who entered the Police box seeking help for a broken-down car.

At Logopolis, everything seems normal as the Doctor provides the Monitor, the lead mathematician, his measurements to give to the others and perform their verbal calculations. They soon discover that the Master had arrived first, with several of the mathematicians killed by his tissue-compression eliminator. The Master's TARDIS materialises, and he and Nyssa, under his hypnotic control, seize the control center and use a device to silence the other mathematicians, demanding the Monitor to explain the purpose of a radio telescope on the planet. The Monitor begs for the Master to stop the silencing device. The Master does so, but to the Monitor's horror, the mathematicians remain silent, and they find the planet starting to turn to dust. The Monitor quickly explains that their calculations were used to power Charged Vacuum Emboitments (CVEs) which were used to funnel off excess entropy from this universe to prevent its approaching heat death; without the CVEs, entropy is taking over. The Monitor urges the Doctor to use their program to create a fully stable CVE, before he disintegrates. The Doctor and Master agree to work together and, after releasing Nyssa, bring Tegan with them to the Master's TARDIS and depart for Earth. Adric and Nyssa try to follow in the Doctor's TARDIS, but initially end up far outside the universe, and watch as entropy obliterates the sector of space with Nyssa's home planet, Traken. However, they fix the controls to track and follow the Master's TARDIS to Earth.

On Earth, the Doctor and Master use the radio telescope of the Pharos Project – from which the Logopolitans modelled theirs – to send the program, while the Doctor's companions help to waylay the project's guards. However, the Master holds the Doctor hostage with his tissue compression eliminator and broadcasts a message across space, threatening to destroy the CVE and render the heat death process completely unstoppable, effectively blackmailing the rest of the universe to submit to him. The Doctor quickly runs out onto the telescope's gantry to disconnect the power cable, which will prevent the Master from destroying the CVE, but the Master in turn tilts the dish downwards. Left with only the cable supporting him, the Doctor tears it out of its housing, deactivating the dish, but also dropping the Doctor several hundred feet to the ground. The Master escapes in his TARDIS.

Adric, Nyssa, and Tegan gather around the mortally-injured Doctor, who has visions of his past companions and enemies. His three companions see the Watcher appear, and the Doctor explains that "It's the end... but the moment has been prepared for." The Watcher touches and merges with the Doctor, causing him to regenerate into the Fifth Doctor.

Production
The location scenes at the Pharos Project were filmed at a BBC receiving station in Crowsley Park, with a model standing in for the radio telescope, and not the Lovell Telescope at the Jodrell Bank Observatory. The lay-by seen at the start was filmed on the southbound side of the A413 Amersham Road, Denham near Gerrards Cross. The lay-by is still there but the M25 now bridges the road where the scene was filmed.

Titles
The closing titles sequence was recompiled with Tom Baker's face removed from the closing credits of Episode 4. The same opening and end title sequence and arrangement of the theme music was used for the following story, Castrovalva, and next three seasons, but was altered to include Peter Davison's face. Episode 4 of this story was the last time, for the next 24 years, the lead character was listed in the credits as "Doctor Who" (thus making it the only time Peter Davison was credited as "Doctor Who"). Beginning with the next story, Castrovalva, until the series's cancellation in 1989, the character was credited simply as "The Doctor". The 1996 television film did not have an on-screen credit for the Eighth Doctor, but listed the Seventh as the "Old Doctor". The 2005 relaunch returned the credit to "Doctor Who", and then again to "The Doctor" in "The Christmas Invasion" (at the request of David Tennant). Also, Episode 4 was the first to credit two actors as "Doctor Who" or "The Doctor" when a regeneration scene was involved. It also happened at the end of Episode 4 of The Caves of Androzani (1984). In both instances, Peter Davison was billed second.

Outside references
According to Christopher Bidmead, the Logopolitans employ a hexadecimal, or base-16, numerical system, a real system commonly used in computer programming. When Adric and the Monitor read strings of numbers and letters, the letters are actually the numbers between 10 and 15, expressed as single digits.

The police box around which the Doctor materialises the TARDIS in Part One was intended to be that located at the Barnet bypass, being at the time one of the last police boxes in the Metropolitan Police District still in its original location, though it had ceased functioning in the 1970s.

Broadcast and reception
Logopolis was repeated on BBC2 in November/December 1981, as part of "The Five Faces of Doctor Who". Stripped across four consecutive evenings from Monday to Thursday 9–12 November 1981, with viewing figures of 4.4, 4.6, 4.6 and 4.5 million respectively.

Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping wrote of the serial in The Discontinuity Guide (1995), deeming it "a magnificent farewell." Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times awarded the serial four stars out of five. Much praise was given to Baker's performance, writing, "He's brooding, sparky and never for a second looks ready to give up." In The Greatest Show in the Galaxy: The Discerning Fan's Guide to Doctor Who, Marc Schuster and Tom Powers deemed the episode "melancholy yet fascinating." In Doctor Who: The Episode Guide, Marc Campbell awarded the serial a 10 out of 10, praising it for "its weighty subject matter and the enormous scale of its threat." Conversely, Andrew Blair of Den of Geek felt the serial lacked pathos and regarded it as " a missed opportunity." Charlie Jane Anders called it "A moody, dark saga about computational engineering, that never quite gels as a story and has a nonsensical ending."

In print
A novelisation of this serial, written by Christopher H. Bidmead, was published by Target Books in October 1982. An unabridged reading of the novelisation by Bidmead was released by BBC Audiobooks in February 2010, with a completely new cover.

Home media
The story was released on VHS in March 1992. In January 2007, the serial was released on DVD as part of a trilogy, entitled New Beginnings, alongside The Keeper of Traken and Castrovalva. Logopolis was also released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files (issue 46) in October 2010. On 18 March 2019, Season 18 was re-released on Blu-ray, and given a new CGI option, including newly filmed shots filmed on location at Lovell Telescope.

Theatrical release
Fathom Events, in conjunction with the BBC, broadcast Logopolis to select cinemas in the United States on 13 March 2019, ahead of the planned Blu-ray release of Season 18 on 19 March 2019. The broadcast included additional interview footage with Baker, Fielding, and Sutton.

title: Logopolis


text:
User:Borofkin/Wikipedia needs Laura

Laura is a very intelligent, well read, and well travelled young woman. Her skills extend far beyond mere mastery of the English language. Apparently she is quite handy with a nailgun and cordless drill, as well.

The Wikipedia Community has started a campaign to convince Laura to become an active contributor, as most are certain that the very survival of the project is dependant on this occurring.

Why Wikipedia needs Laura
Wikipedia has thousands of contributors, and while everybody has some knowledge to contribute, some have a less than perfect command of the language. There are typographical errors, poorly worded sentences, and embarrassing grammatical errors throughout. The need for professional and skilled editors is obvious.

Why Laura should join Wikipedia

 * Wikipedia is a volunteer organisation, and just like any volunteer organisation, they are always in need of new members
 * Wikipedia has noble intentions. Copyrighted encyclopedias, while a good source of information, are only available to a very small number of wealthy people. The goal of Wikipedia is to make knowledge available to everyone, regardless of their ability to pay.
 * Believe it or not, contributing to Wikipedia is fun

Where to start?

 * Copyedit an article. There are thousands of articles that need to be cleaned up
 * Join a project
 * Check out the Australian wikipedians' 'notice board or the U.S. Wikipedians' notice board

title: User:Borofkin/Wikipedia needs Laura