text:
Bay Line Railroad

The Bay Line Railroad is one of several short line railroad companies owned by Genesee & Wyoming Inc. It operates between Panama City, Florida, and Dothan, Alabama, including a branch from Grimes to Abbeville, Alabama, reached via trackage rights on CSX's Dothan Subdivision between Dothan and Grimes. The line interchanges with CSX at Cottondale, Florida and Dothan, Alabama, and with the Hilton & Albany Railroad at Hilton, Georgia.

A wide variety of commodities is carried, including aggregates, brick, cement, chemicals, coal, food and feed products, forest products, metallic ores and minerals, steel, and scrap.

History
The company's main line between Panama City and Dothan was constructed in 1906–1908 by the Atlanta and St. Andrews Bay Railroad (ASAB). The Abbeville branch was constructed in 1887–1893 by the Alabama Midland Railway and came under the control of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902. CSX Transportation, eventual successor to the ACL, sold the line to the Abbeville–Grimes Railway Company (AG) in 1989. This company was merged with the Bay Line Railroad on June 26, 1996.

The Stone Container Corporation had owned the ASAB since 1987. Effective January 1, 1994, it sold the assets of the railroad to Rail Management Corporation, which created the new Bay Line Railroad company to operate it. Genesee & Wyoming acquired all the assets of Rail Management on June 1, 2005, including the Bay Line Railroad.

In 2016, the Bay Line Railroad entered into an agreement with the Panama City Port Authority to operate a transload facility at the port’s Intermodal Distribution Center approximately 15 miles from Port Panama City. Choice Terminals provide customers with delivery, storage, inventory management and transloading of bulk products. The Bay Line Choice Terminal features a 20-car rail yard and owns equipment to support bulk transfers.

In 2017, the Bay Line Railroad was featured in the Panama City Living Magazine.

As of 2023, Genesee & Wyoming’s Bay Line Railroad has a total of 182 miles (44 in Alabama, and 138 in Florida (includes Chattahoochee Bay Railroad)), and has a maximum capacity of 286,000 lbs.

title: Bay Line Railroad


text: File:Rail Management Corporation.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Rail Management Corporation.jpg


text:
Wikipedia:Copyright violations

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title: Wikipedia:Copyright violations


text:
User talk:CrazyTiger

Please do not add commercial links to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a vehicle for advertising or a mere collection of external links. See the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Hadal 08:31, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:CrazyTiger


text:
Talk:PennMUSH

from VfD:

The article isn't notable and should be deleted. Spinboy 08:33, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - There are hundreds of MOOs, MUSHes and the like on the net. I can't imagine why this should have its own listing. Katefan0 19:33, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Not notable Keep I was wrong. Wyss 21:38, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Note also w:Category:MU* servers which seems to be a whole page of VfDs. Ashibaka tlk 20:28, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Extra-strong keep. This isn't about a single MUSH server (in which case delete would be justified), it's about a MUSH codebase, and quite a well known one at that. The same goes for the category mentioned. All are obvious keeps. Shane King 01:37, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Article does not establish notability. Gamaliel 01:41, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This isn't about a specific MUSH game. PennMUSH is the server software with which MUSHes are run. This is a sub-stub, but PennMUSH does merit an article. --FOo 06:24, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * According to it's own website, it's one of four applications that do exactly the same thing. What makes this particular one special?  Why does PennMUSH deserve discussion outside the MUSH article?  No vote yet.  Rossami (talk) 22:36, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * comment: PennMush and its variant TinyMUSH seem to be by far the most widely implemented mushes... http://www.moosh.net/mush/mushlist.shtml. Wyss 23:45, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Taking a totally biased sample of 10 MUSHes from dmoz, it appears to be either most or second-most popular. It's also the highest-ranking in Google hits by far: PennMUSH 39500, TinyMUSH 9250, TinyMUX 4460, TinyTIM 10400. BTW -- if this article does get deleted, at least it should be redirected to MUSH. --FOo 23:57, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I still favor deletion, but it might also be worth a mention (not a merge, per se) in the MUSH article, unless there is enough to say about this particular platform to fill out an actual article and unless the platform is famous enough and leading enough to have people not think "MUSH" but, instead, "PennMUSH." Geogre 04:24, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not Freshmeat --Improv 22:03, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't perceive the article as a new product announcemnt. Wyss 08:09, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Freshmeat is useful both as an announcement board and as an application directory. It's really pretty neat! --Improv 03:08, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge. Seems like a candidate for a reference in a section on the MUSH page.

end moved discussion

I guess there wasn't consensus on what to do here. Anybody care to comment on why this shouldn't be on the main MUSH page? I don't see how this needs to be a separate article. I think readability at the very least would be served for the prominent MUSH's to be explained on the MUSH page. Unless somebody thinks that PennMUSH has a real change of evolving past stub status? - Trick 20:24, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:PennMUSH


text:
Alleghanian orogeny

The Alleghanian orogeny or Appalachian orogeny is one of the geological mountain-forming events that formed the Appalachian Mountains and Allegheny Mountains. The term and spelling Alleghany orogeny was originally proposed by H.P. Woodward in 1957.

The Alleghanian orogeny occurred approximately 325 million to 260 million years ago over at least five deformation events in the Carboniferous to Permian period. The orogeny was caused by Africa's collision with North America. At the time, these continents did not exist in their current forms: North America was part of the Euramerica super-continent, while Africa was part of Gondwana. This collision formed the super-continent Pangaea, which contained all major continental land masses. The collision provoked the orogeny: it exerted massive stress on what is today the Eastern Seaboard of North America, forming a wide and high mountain chain. Evidence for the Alleghanian orogeny stretches for many hundreds of miles on the surface from Alabama to New Jersey and can be traced further subsurface to the southwest. In the north, the Alleghanian deformation extends northeast to Newfoundland. Subsequent erosion wore down the mountain chain and spread sediments both to the east and to the west.

Continental collision
The immense region involved in the continental collision, the vast temporal length of the orogeny, and the thickness of the pile of sediments and igneous rocks known to have been involved are evidence that at the peak of the mountain-building process, the Appalachians likely once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before they were eroded.

As the continents collided, the rock material trapped in-between was crushed and forced upward. With nowhere to go, rocks along the eastern margin of the North American continent were shoved far inland (the same occurred in the opposite direction along the margin of the African continent, forming the Atlas Mountains of Morocco and the western Sahara). Close to the boundary between the colliding plates, tectonic stresses contributed to the metamorphism of the rock (i.e. the transformation of igneous and sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock).

The sedimentary rock in the eastern Appalachian Basin region was squeezed into great folds that ran perpendicular to the direction of forces. The greatest amount of deformation associated with the Alleghanian orogeny occurred in the Southern Appalachians (North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia). In that region, a series of great faults developed in addition to the folds. As the two continents collided, large belts of rock bounded by thrust faults piled one on top of another, shortening the crust along the eastern edge of North America in the North Carolina and Tennessee region by as much as 200 mi. The relative amount of deformation gradually diminishes northward. The fold belt extends northward through Pennsylvania and gradually fades in the vicinity of the New York border. The Kittatinny Mountains in northwestern New Jersey mark the northeasternmost extension of the high ridges of the Valley and Ridge Province. The influence of Alleghanian deformation on the regions east of the Valley and Ridge Province must have been even more intense; however, there is little evidence preserved. Rocks of Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian age are missing along the Eastern Seaboard.

Subsequent erosion
The mountains formed by the Alleghanian orogeny were once rugged and high during the Mesozoic and late Paleozoic but in our time are eroded into only a small remnant: the heavily eroded hills of the Piedmont. Sediments that were carried eastward formed the coastal plain and part of the continental shelf. Thus, the coastal plain and Piedmont are largely the byproducts of erosion that took place from 150+ million years ago to the present. Sediments that were carried westward formed the Allegheny and Cumberland plateaux. Although people living in those respective areas sometimes refer to them as mountains, they are more accurately uplifted and eroded plateaux.

A portion of the Alleghanian mountain system departed with Africa when Pangaea broke up and the Atlantic Ocean began to form. Today, this forms the Anti-Atlas mountains of Morocco. The Anti-Atlas have been geologically uplifted in relatively recent times and are today much more rugged than their Alleghanian relatives.

title: Alleghanian orogeny


text:
Yisrael Meir Lau

Yisrael (Israel) Meir Lau (ישראל מאיר לאו; born 1 June 1937) is a Holocaust survivor who served as the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1993 to 2003. He was previously Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv, Israel. After his tenure as chief rabbi, he was appointed chairman of Yad Vashem.

Early life and World War II
Lau was born on 1 June 1937, in the Polish town of Piotrków Trybunalski. His father, Rabbi Moshe Chaim Lau (Mojżesz Chaim Lau), the last Chief Rabbi of the town, was murdered in the Treblinka extermination camp. Yisrael Meir is the 38th generation in an unbroken family chain of rabbis.

As a seven-year-old, after traumatic separation from his mother Chaya, Lau was imprisoned in a Nazi slave labor camp and then in Buchenwald concentration camp. He has attributed his unlikely survival to heroic efforts of his elder brother Naphtali Lau-Lavie who concealed him, at constant risk, and enlisted other prisoners in this effort. In 1945, Yisrael Meir was freed from the Buchenwald concentration camp. He became a poster child for miraculous survival, and the inhumanity of the Nazi regime, after U.S. Army chaplain Rabbi Herschel Schacter detected him hiding behind a heap of corpses when the camp was liberated. Lau has credited a teen prisoner with protecting him in the camp (later determined by historian Kenneth Waltzer to be Fedor Mikhailichenko). His entire family was murdered, with the exception of his elder brother, Naphtali Lau-Lavie, his half brother, Yehoshua Lau-Hager, and his uncle already living in Mandatory Palestine.

Aliyah and studies
Lau immigrated to Mandatory Palestine with his brother Naphtali in July 1945, where he was raised by an aunt and uncle, and studied in the yeshiva Kol Torah under Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as well as in Ponevezh Yeshiva and Knesses Chizkiyahu. He was ordained as a rabbi in 1961.

Rabbinical career
He served as Chief Rabbi in Netanya (1978–1988), and at that time developed his reputation as a popular orator.

Family
Lau married Chaya Ita Frankel, a daughter of Rabbi Yitzchok Yedidya Frankel, the Rabbi of South Tel Aviv.

Lau is the father of three sons and five daughters. His eldest son, Moshe Chaim, took his place as Rabbi in Netanya in 1989; his son David became the Chief Rabbi of Modi'in, and later Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel; and his youngest, Tzvi Yehuda, is the Rabbi of North Tel Aviv. Lau is the uncle of Rabbi Binyamin (Benny) Lau, an educator and activist in the Religious Zionist movement, and Amichai Lau-Lavie, the founder and artistic director of the Jewish ritual theater company Storahtelling.

Chairman of Yad Vashem
In 2008, Lau was appointed chairman of Yad Vashem, succeeding Tommy Lapid.

Rabbinical career
Lau was ordained as a rabbi in 1961. His first rabbinic position was at the Ohr Torah synagogue in North Tel Aviv. In 1965 he was appointed as rabbi of the Tiferet Tzvi Synagogue in Tel Aviv, a position he held until 1971 when he was appointed rabbi of North Tel Aviv.

In 1978, Lau was appointed as chief rabbi of the city of Netanya. In 1983 Lau was appointed to serve on the Mo'etzet of the Israeli Chief Rabbinate. In 1988, after the death of his father-in-law, Lau was appointed to serve as chief rabbi of Tel Aviv, a position he held until 1993. When Lau met the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, in 1992, Schneerson told Lau to finish his work in Tel Aviv, as he would soon be chosen to become the Chief Rabbi of Israel. In 1993, Lau was elected Chief Rabbi of Israel. He served as Chief Rabbi till 2003.

On 9 June 2005, Lau was reinstalled as Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv returning to the post he served from 1985 until 1993.

Lau has often been characterized as the "consensus rabbi", and has close ties to both Haredi and Modern Orthodox Judaism, particularly in regard to his politics, which have been characterized as moderate Zionist. One report described him as "too Zionist to be considered Haredi."

He is one of the few figures in the Haredi world who has managed to gain the trust and admiration of both the Sephardic and Ashkenazic population. Lau has received some negative attention for his stances and remarks on non-Orthodox denominations of Judaism. When Lau was awarded the Israel Prize in May 2005, there were protests from the Masorti and Reform movements in Israel. Non-Orthodox leaders noted that it was ironic that Lau was being honored for "bridging rifts in Israeli society". Lau's spokespeople said that the fact that he had been approved by the (presumably heterogeneous) Prize Committee spoke for itself.

Interfaith work
In 1993, Rav Lau had an hour-long meeting with John Paul II at the Pope's summer residence of Castel Gandolfo, seeking the Vatican's moral support for the latest peace moves in the Middle East. The visit was the first between a Pope and one of Israel's chief rabbis since the founding of the Jewish state in 1948. In 2009, he was critical of a speech given by Pope Benedict XVI during a visit to Israel. He applauded a later papal statement which gave more emphasis to the suffering of Jews during the Holocaust.

Presidential candidacy
In the spring of 2006, the Israeli media reported that Lau was being considered for presidency of the State of Israel. Some critics in the Israeli media wrote that Lau was more focused on maintaining his image as a progressive than in implementing such positions in the rabbinate's policies, specifically major issues such as agunot, civil marriage, the status of Shabbat, and other divisive topics that continue to be relevant to many in the secular community vis-a-vis the Chief Rabbinate, which under Lau's leadership usually sided with the Orthodox perspective.

Awards and recognition
In 2005, Lau was awarded the Israel Prize for his lifetime achievements and special contribution to society and the State of Israel.

On 14 April 2011, he was awarded the Legion of Honor (France's highest accolade) by French President Nicolas Sarkozy, in recognition of his efforts to promote interfaith dialogue.

Views
"Let's sit down together and let's live together. We always knew how to die together. The time has come for us to know also how to live together, said Lau, calling for co-operation and dialogue between all Jews (Jerusalem, 14 February 1999).

At the 2006 commemoration of the massacre of Babi Yar, Lau pointed out that if the world had reacted, perhaps the Holocaust might never have happened. Implying that Hitler was emboldened by this impunity, Lau speculated: "Maybe, say, this Babi Yar was also a test for Hitler. If on 29 September and 30 September 1941 Babi Yar may happen and the world did not react seriously, dramatically, abnormally, maybe this was a good test for him. So a few weeks later in January 1942, near Berlin in Wannsee, a convention can be held with a decision, a final solution to the Jewish problem. Maybe if the very action had been a serious one, a dramatic one, in September 1941 here in Ukraine, the Wannsee Conference would have come to a different end, maybe"

Published works

 * Practical Judaism. Philipp Feldheim, 1997. ISBN 0-87306-827-0
 * Do Not Raise a Hand Against the Boy (2000) is a memoir about his experiences in the Holocaust, released on the 55th anniversary of Buchenwald's liberation
 * 3 volumes
 * Yachel Yisrael Shaelot u'Tshuvot
 * Out of the Depths (Sterling Publishing, 2011), is the English translation of his memoir, "Do Not Raise a Hand against the Boy."
 * Out of the Depths (Sterling Publishing, 2011), is the English translation of his memoir, "Do Not Raise a Hand against the Boy."

title: Yisrael Meir Lau


text:
Harbor Springs Railway

The Harbor Springs Railway was a narrow gauge railway built at Harbor Springs, Michigan on Little Traverse Bay on Lake Michigan. It was nicknamed the Hemlock Central because of the great numbers of hemlock trees growing in the area. The railway was chartered by Ephraim Shay, the inventor of the Shay locomotive, on February 2, 1902, but may have started construction as early as December 10, 1900.

It was primarily a lumber-hauling operation, although summer vacationing tourists were carried for a fare of 25¢. It originally operated a route of 7 mi to Stutsman and Race Mill; it was extended a further mile in 1904 to Carter's Mill. Small temporary branches were also constructed as well as the moving of the right of way when logging operations moved, as was typical for a logging railroad.

The line was laid with very light rail of 16 lb/yd and worked by three locomotives built by the railroad to the design of its President and General Manager, Ephraim Shay. They were geared locomotives of the typical Shay pattern, but were unusual in that they had no frames, the boiler being the main structural component. The line was built and funded without debt (thanks to Shay's royalties and licenses from his locomotive designs) and by 1906, the investment in physical plant was estimated at $51,346 (equivalent to $ in ).

The line ceased operations in 1910 and was dismantled in 1912. The company dissolved on January 17, 1912.

title: Harbor Springs Railway


text:
Baja Fresh

Baja Fresh is an American chain of fast-casual Tex Mex restaurants founded in Newbury Park, California, in 1990 and headquartered in Scottsdale, Arizona. It is owned by Canadian franchisor MTY Food Group. The chain emphasizes fresh ingredients, each restaurant featuring a self-serve salsa bar.

At the time of its acquisition by MTY in 2016, the chain operated 162 restaurants in the United States, Dubai, and Singapore, most of which are franchised.

1990s
In 1990, Jim and Linda Magglos took out a third mortgage on their home and opened the first Baja Fresh in Newbury Park, California in the Conejo Valley. Franchising began in 1995, and the chain had expanded to 31 outlets by 1997. In 1998, the Magglos worked with Greg Dollarhyde and Pete Siracusa, who recapitalized the parent company, acquired venture capital and bought shares from outside holders to take control of Baja Fresh. Dollarhyde became CEO with Siracusa as Chairman and Magglos as President, they then grew the chain from 45 locations in 1998 to 249 stores.

2000s
In 2002, Wendy's International purchased Baja Fresh for $275 million. As a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendy's, the 249 restaurant chain saw consistently declining same-store sales. In 2006, Wendy's sold the roughly 300-location Baja Fresh chain for $31 million to BF Acquisition Holdings, a private investor consortium that had operated franchised restaurant units for such chains as Sweet Factory, Cinnabon and Denny's. At the time of the firm's acquisition by BF Acquisition Holdings in 2006, Baja Fresh had 144 company-owned and 154 franchised locations in the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington as well as the District of Columbia. The consortium was led by David Kim, who took on the role of CEO, and later appeared on Season 2 episode 20 of the reality TV series Undercover Boss.

In 2009, Baja Fresh moved its corporate headquarters from Thousand Oaks to Cypress, California, and closed all locations in central Ohio.

2010s
Between 2009 and 2010, the chain closed stores in Berkeley, Pasadena and Torrance, California. When the chain opened its first international location in Dubai in 2010, the chain also had 255 restaurants in 28 U.S. states.

In late 2011, the company moved its main corporate office from Cypress to Irvine. In early 2012, the chain closed its store in Newbury Park, California, although this was a different location in Newbury Park than the original site of the first Baja Fresh. On April 12, 2013 Baja Fresh closed all five locations in Phoenix, Arizona, without notice.

On April 5, 2012, David Kim stepped down from his position as company CEO. His position was assumed by company president Chuck Rink, who began to hold both titles.

Five Phoenix-area locations were closed by a franchise operator in 2013.

In September 2016, it was announced that Baja Fresh's parent, BF Acquisition Holdings, was sold to MTY Food Group for $27 million. At the time of the acquisition by MTY, Baja Fresh had 162 restaurants and its sister company La Salsa had 23 restaurants with 16 of the combined 185 locations were franchised. It is unclear if the new owner would combine the two chains or keep them separate. In an earlier press release announcing MTY's acquisition of Kahala Brands just two months previously, MTY gave the vague statement that "Kahala will stay in Kahala's current headquarters... while MTY's US operations will move into Kahala's offices". This statement could imply that Baja Fresh might become a subsidiary of Kahala instead of just sharing space with Kahala and reporting directly to MTY corporate headquarters in Canada. Published newspaper reports are not very clear about the exact relationship between Kahala and MTY units in the United States.

International expansion
The first location outside of the United States was open inside the Dubai Mall in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates in 2010 by franchise owner Vetra Investments. By the end of 2011, two additional locations were opened in Dubai at the Mall of the Emirates and Deira City Centre plus another location in Sharjah by the same franchisee. A fifth UAE location was opened at Mirdiff City Centre in Dubai in 2014. By the end of 2015, the lone location in Sharjah and the locations at the Dubai Mall and the Deira City Centre in Dubai were closed and replaced by a new location in the Yas Mall in Dubai. In August 2016, Vetra opened a food truck in Dubai.

The first location in East Asia opened in Singapore in 2012 by franchisee Gloria Foods Pte. Ltd. A second location in Singapore was opened in 2015.

The chain came to Portugal in 2020. It is also expected to come to Kuwait sometime around 2024 too.

La Salsa
La Salsa has been a subsidiary of Baja Fresh since 2007 when La Salsa was acquired from CKE Restaurants. Similar to Baja Fresh, La Salsa is a chain of fast-casual Tex Mex restaurants that has locations throughout the United States with most of the restaurants located in Southern California. Since its acquisition, the company had always shared corporate headquarters offices with Baja Fresh.

title: Baja Fresh


text:
Riluzole

Riluzole is a medication used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases. Riluzole delays the onset of ventilator-dependence or tracheostomy in some people and may increase survival by two to three months. Riluzole is available in tablet and liquid form.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Riluzole was approved in the United States for the treatment of ALS by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995. A Cochrane Library review states a 9% gain in the probability of surviving one year.

Adverse effects

 * Very common (>10% frequency): nausea; weakness; decreased lung function
 * Common (1–10% frequency): headache; dizziness; drowsiness; vomiting; abdominal pain; increased aminotransferases
 * Uncommon (0.1–1% frequency): pancreatitis; interstitial lung disease
 * Rare (<0.1% frequency): neutropenia; allergic reaction (including angiooedema, anaphylactoid reaction)

Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include: neurological and psychiatric symptoms, acute toxic encephalopathy with stupor, coma and methemoglobinemia. Severe methemoglobinemia may be rapidly reversible after treatment with methylene blue.

Contraindications
Contraindications for riluzole include: known prior hypersensitivity to riluzole or any of the excipients inside the preparations, liver disease, pregnancy or lactation.

Interactions
CYP1A2 substrates, inhibitors and inducers would probably interact with riluzole, due its dependency on this cytochrome for metabolism.

Mechanism of action
Riluzole preferentially blocks TTX-sensitive sodium channels, which are associated with damaged neurons. Riluzole has also been reported to directly inhibit the kainate and NMDA receptors. The drug has also been shown to postsynaptically potentiate GABAA receptors via an allosteric binding site. However, the action of riluzole on glutamate receptors has been controversial, as no binding of the drug to any known sites has been shown for them. In addition, as its antiglutamatergic action is still detectable in the presence of sodium channel blockers, it is also uncertain whether or not it acts via this way. Rather, its ability to stimulate glutamate uptake seems to mediate many of its effects. In addition to its role in accelerating glutamate clearance from the synapse, riluzole may also prevent glutamate release from presynaptic terminals. Since CK1δ plays a key role in TDP-43 proteinopathy, a pathological hallmark of ALS, this could help to better decipher drug mechanism of action.

Synthesis
Riluzole can be prepared beginning with the reaction of 4-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline with potassium thiocyanate followed by reaction with bromine, forming the thiazole ring.

 * Riluzole synthesis.png

Legal status
Riluzole was approved for medical use in the European Union in October 1996.

Research
A number of case studies and randomized controlled trials have indicated that riluzole, which is neuroprotective and a glutamate modulator, may have use in mood and anxiety disorders. However, it failed in trials of Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Riluzole has been investigated in rodent models for its potential ability to protect against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. These protective effects are believed to be caused by riluzole's antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, but other mechanisms, including modulation of glutamate signaling, are also being investigated. However, further research, especially in human trials, is necessary to confirm these findings and establish riluzole's clinical efficacy for treating hearing loss.

A sublingual reformulation of riluzole that originated at Yale University and is known by the code name BHV-0223 is under development for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and mood disorders by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals. A prodrug formulation of riluzole, troriluzole, has been researched as a potential treatment for several different conditions.

title: Riluzole


text: User talk:81.178.195.192

title: User talk:81.178.195.192


text:
Irma Hotel

The Irma Hotel is a landmark in Cody, Wyoming. It was built by William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, the city's co-founder and namesake who named it after his daughter Irma Cody. A focal point is a famous back bar made of cherry that was a gift given by Queen Victoria to Buffalo Bill.

The Irma opened with a party on November 18, 1902, to which Cody invited the press and dignitaries from as far away as Boston. The hotel quickly became the social center of Cody. In the meantime, Buffalo Bill was under pressure from creditors and was forced to sign over the hotel to his wife Louisa in 1913, who was at that time on bad terms with him. After Cody's death in 1917 the hotel was foreclosed upon and sold to Barney Link. Before the end of the year Link's estate sold the property back to Louisa, who kept it until she died in 1925. The new owners, Henry and Pearl Newell, gradually expanded the hotel, building an annex around 1930 on the west side to accommodate automobile-borne visitors. After her husband's death in 1940, Pearl Newell operated the hotel until her own death in 1965. She left the hotel's extensive collection of Buffalo Bill memorabilia to the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, and stipulated that proceeds from the estate be used as an endowment for the museum.

The Irma Hotel is still open for business as both a hotel and restaurant. It is included on the National Register of Historic Places, listed in 1973.

title: Irma Hotel


text:
Paul Reaney

Paul Reaney (born 22 October 1944) is an English former international footballer. He played primarily as a right-sided full-back. He made 745 first-team appearances at Leeds United from 1962 to 1978, winning seven major trophies under Don Revie's management. As a player of mixed race, Reaney became the 2nd non-white footballer (after Frank Soo) to represent the men's senior England national football team in 1968, when he gained the first of his three senior caps. Later in his career, Reaney played for Bradford City and Newcastle KB United.

Leeds United
Reaney moved to the West Riding of Yorkshire from London as a child and left school at 15. He was briefly a car mechanic before Don Revie signed him for Leeds as an apprentice. He made his professional debut shortly before his 18th birthday, and went on to make 35 League appearances in his first season, and was part of the team that won the Second Division in 1964.

In the 1964–65 season, Reaney missed just one League game, and scored the first of his League goals as Leeds challenged for both the League championship and FA Cup; however, Leeds lost out on both trophies, with Manchester United winning the title, whilst Liverpool beat Leeds in the FA Cup final.

Reaney quickly earned a reputation as a fiercely competitive, disciplined defender, capable of closing out the most talented of attackers – George Best rated Reaney as one of the two best defenders he played against.

In 1967–68 Leeds won the League Cup and the Fairs Cup, and in 1968–69 they won the League championship. Leeds progressed in 1969–70 towards a "treble" of League championship, FA Cup and European Cup, but a broken leg suffered in a game against West Ham United meant that he missed the run-in to the end of the season – a factor that contributed to Leeds missing out on all three trophies. In addition, the broken leg meant that Reaney missed that summer's World Cup in Mexico.

He eventually returned in the 1970–71 season to make 18 League appearances and be part of the team which won its second Fairs Cup, but which missed out on the League championship again. In the 1971–72 season he was part of the team that won the FA Cup, but which missed out the League Championship yet again. The following season saw more disappointment for Reaney as Leeds lost the FA Cup final to Sunderland and a controversial European Cup Winners Cup final to A.C. Milan.

Reaney's career at Leeds passed 500 appearances in 1973–74 as Leeds embarked on a 29-match unbeaten start to the season to earn the League title for the second time under Revie, who then left to take over the England job. Reaney was in the team which duly progressed to the European Cup final the following season in 1974–75 but was controversially defeated 2–0 by Bayern Munich.

Later career
Reaney remained at Elland Road until the end of the 1977–78 season when he was given a free transfer after 745 appearances. He joined neighbours Bradford City and then completed his playing career in Australia with Newcastle KB United.

International career
In 1968, Reaney won his first England cap, when he came on as a substitute in a match against Bulgaria (and by doing so becoming the first player named "Paul" to play for England in a full international). Reaney's appearance for England has assumed greater importance in recent years as even though he was regarded as "white" during his playing career, he is viewed by many as "black" or mixed race today. His England debut was nine years before that of Viv Anderson, who is widely credited as the first black player to appear for England.

From that point on, he was regularly selected for the England squad (albeit not as first choice full-back) until a broken leg in 1970 prevented him from playing in the World Cup. The following year, he made his third and final appearance for England in a match against Malta.

Post-playing career
Since returning to England from Australia, Reaney has been running coaching sessions during school holidays for children at Potters Leisure Resort in Hopton.

In 1993, burglars broke into Reaney's home and stole a safe containing his collection of medals, though left behind his trophies, caps and other honours.

Honours
Leeds United
 * Football League First Division: 1968–69, 1973–74
 * Football League Second Division: 1963–64
 * FA Cup: 1971–72; runner-up: 1964–65, 1972–73
 * Football League Cup: 1967–68
 * FA Charity Shield: 1969
 * Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1967–68, 1970–71; runner-up: 1966–67
 * European Cup runner-up: 1974–75
 * European Cup Winners' Cup runner-up: 1972–73

title: Paul Reaney


text:
List of rulers of Hogbonu (Porto-Novo)

Territory located in present-day Benin.

Later known as Ajache Ipo or Ajashe (Adjatshe/Adjatché).

Ahosu = King.

title: List of rulers of Hogbonu (Porto-Novo)


text:
Raetihi

Raetihi, a small town in the centre of New Zealand's North Island, is located at the junction of State Highways 4 and 49 in the Manawatū-Whanganui region. It lies in a valley between Tongariro and Whanganui National Parks, 11 kilometres west of Ohakune's ski fields.

Early history and economy
Evidence of Māori people living here in the fourteenth century has been found. Ngāti Uenuku dwelled at Raetihi and Waimarino (known now as National Park, located approximately 35 kilometres/22 miles north on Highway 4). There is little evidence of large permanent settlements but hunting parties were common during warmer months.

In 1887 the Government purchased the Waimarino block from local Māori, and the first European settlement, at Karioi, involved setting sheep to graze on open tussock land. Between 1908 and 1947 the area provided 700 million superficial feet of building timber. The remnants of 150 sawmills have been discovered, and the milling of rimu, tōtara, kahikatea, mātai, and beech trees employed many people. Only two major mills continue to operate, one at Tangiwai and one at National Park.

Raetihi (originally called Makotuku due to the river flowing at the town's edge) became the focal point for travellers going between Wanganui and Waiouru. A thriving town emerged to serve the timber workers and those passing through. A trip North from Wanganui was not for the faint-hearted. The scenic "River Road" passing through Pipiriki was treacherous with primitive tracks and long falls if you left the track. Those who completed the journey to Raetihi found hospitality, accommodation, blacksmiths and saddlers for weary horses and supplies for their further travels north.

The great fire of 1918 was a setback to many businesses and homeowners in Raetihi. The loss of numerous mills slowed the timber industry but it continued successfully into the 1940s, when the supply of strong native timber began running out. Replanting forests in fast-growing pine was a consideration, but at the time it was not possible to treat this relatively soft wood effectively to make it suitable for outdoor uses.

Although farming was an option for some, it could not equal forestry as an employer. From the 1970s through to the 1990s, Raetihi, like many rural New Zealand towns, suffered from a depressed economy. As elsewhere in New Zealand, sheep farming has also declined, and the two most prominent agricultural activities are cattle farming and vegetable growing.

At present, tourist attractions such as the Dinosaur House Museum and Mountains to Sea Cycle Trail (part of Ngā Haerenga, New Zealand's national network of cycle trails) and various commercial operations providing opportunities to explore the Whanganui River offer hope for a more diverse economic future. Its close proximity to Mount Ruapehu and popular ski-fields has led to the establishment of accommodation and cafes to cater for the increasing number of visitors.

The setting of John Mulgan's classic novel Man Alone, particularly that of Stenning's farm, is based on Raetihi.

Railway and museum
From 18 December 1917 to 1 January 1968, Raetihi was served by the Raetihi Branch, a branch line railway that diverged from the North Island Main Trunk in Ohakune. The station building remains in the town today, relocated from its original site and restored as part of the Waimarino Museum. The museum holds an archive of documents and photographs from the broader Ruapehu area, some of which are available online. It was originally situated on Station Road near the Makotuku River bridge on the road to Ohakune. When the railway reached Raetihi in 1917, it played a vital part in the logging industry. Closed to passengers in 1951, the line ceased operations completely in 1968 due to the decline in tree felling and milling.

The railway station building was moved to its present site on Seddon Street in 1981, seven years after the formation of the museum society. Two more buildings, the jail cells and stables, were moved from their original location by the Makotuku River to the museum site in 1983.

The museum holds documents, photographs, and items of daily life showing the progression of the town from its beginnings as a Māori settlement in the 19th century, the arrival of timber mills and large scale logging between 1900 and 1960, and the slow decline of the town following the end of the logging boom to the present.

The museum is run by volunteers and is open for viewing most weekends and by appointment. A number of archival photographs and documents are available for wider viewing on the museum's website.

Connection with New Zealand film production

Raetihi's economic difficulties made it the perfect location for Skin Deep (1978; Geoff Steven), a black comedy and social satire about a town much like Raetihi. In the film, the local council, made up largely of local businessmen, decide that one way to improve the economy would be to hire a woman to come in from Auckland and provide massages at the local gym.

Larry Parr, writer, director, and producer of films and teleplays, as well as Chief Executive/Kaihautū of Te Māngai Pāho, grew up in Raetihi. In 1986 his New Zealand comedy starring Billy T. James, Came a Hot Friday (directed by Ian Mune), premiered there.

For Without a Paddle (2004; Steven Brill), an American film featuring Burt Reynolds, local traffic signs were replaced with American-style signs and cars drove on local roads as though in the United States. Raetihi also provided the closest access point for several scenes in Vincent Ward's River Queen (2005); Horopito, setting for much of Smash Palace (1981; Roger Donaldson), another New Zealand film, is also nearby.

Timeline

 * 1892 – Raetihi is founded through the government purchase of the Waimarino Block. Until the Main Trunk Line in completed in 1907, Raetihi is accessible mainly via the Whanganui River and horse and dray from Pipiriki.
 * 1896 – Raetihi School opens – with a roll of 36. Mr W. Hird, of Nelson is first principal.
 * 1900 – Raetihi is the largest centre of the King Country with almost 4,500 people.
 * 1903 – co-operative dairy company established.
 * 1911 – The double-fronted Bank of New Zealand building opens on 17 March under the management of TM Butts, on its current Seddon Street site.
 * 1915 – Royal Theatre Opens in lower Seddon Street
 * 1917 – Railway branch line reaches Raetihi.
 * 1918, 18 March – The 'Great Fire' – about 200 houses were destroyed.
 * 1918 – Influenza epidemic.

Marae
In addition to a Rātana Church, there are six marae or marae grounds in the Raetihi area associated with local iwi and hapū:

 * Mākaranui Marae is affiliated with the Ngāti Tamakana hapū of Ngāti Uenuku.
 * Mangamingi Marae and Tamakana meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Uenuku.
 * Marangai Marae is affiliated with the Ngāti Rangi hapū of Uenukumanawawiri.
 * Mō te Katoa Marae and Motekatoa meeting house are affiliated with the Ngāti Rangi hapū of Ngāti Patutokotoko and Uenukumanawawiri, and with Ngāti Uenuku.
 * Raetihi Marae and Ko te Whakaarotahi ki te Whakapono meeting house are affiliated with the Ngāti Rangi hapū of Uenukumanawawiri and with Ngāti Uenuku.
 * Tuhi Ariki Marae and Tuhi Ariki|Tuhi Ariki meeting house are affiliated with the Ngāti Rangi hapū of Ngāi Tuhi Ariki.

In October 2020, the Government committed $1,076,297 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade a group of 7 marae in the region, including Mākaranui Marae, Mangamingi Marae and Raetihi Marae, creating 129 jobs.

Demographics
Raetihi covers 3.86 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Raetihi had a population of 1,038 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 36 people (3.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 3 people (0.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 339 households, comprising 528 males and 507 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.04 males per female. The median age was 33.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 291 people (28.0%) aged under 15 years, 186 (17.9%) aged 15 to 29, 444 (42.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 114 (11.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 55.2% European/Pākehā, 66.8% Māori, 2.9% Pacific peoples, 2.0% Asian, and 0.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 5.5, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 44.8% had no religion, 30.1% were Christian, 14.5% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.3% were Buddhist and 0.9% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 54 (7.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 243 (32.5%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $24,100, compared with $31,800 nationally. 66 people (8.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 360 (48.2%) people were employed full-time, 147 (19.7%) were part-time, and 36 (4.8%) were unemployed.

Education
Raetihi Primary School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of as of.

title: Raetihi


text:
Damask

Damask (/ˈdæməsk/; Arabic: دمشق) is a woven, reversible patterned fabric. Damasks are woven by periodically reversing the action of the warp and weft threads. The pattern is most commonly created with a warp-faced satin weave and the ground with a weft-faced or sateen weave. Fabrics used to create damasks include silk, wool, linen, cotton, and synthetic fibers, but damask is best shown in cotton and linen. Over time, damask has become a broader term for woven fabrics with a reversible pattern, not just silks.

There are a few types of damask: true, single, compound, and twill. True damask is made entirely of silk. Single damask has only one set of warps and wefts and thus is made of up to two colors. Compound damask has more than one set of warps and wefts and can include more than two colors. Twill damasks include a twill-woven ground or pattern.

History
A damask weave is one of the five basic weaving techniques—the others being tabby, twill, Lampas, and tapestry—of the early Middle Ages Byzantine and Middle Eastern weaving centers. Damask was named after the city Damascus, Syria a large trading center on the Silk Road.

Damask in China
In China, draw looms with a large number of heddles were developed to weave damasks with complicated patterns. The Chinese may have produced damasks as early as the Tang dynasty (618–907). Damasks became scarce after the 9th century outside Islamic Spain, but were revived in some places in the 13th century. Trade logs between The British East India Company and China often demonstrate an ongoing trade of Chinese silks, especially damask. Damask is documented as being the heaviest Chinese silk.

Damask in Europe
The word damask first appeared in a Western European language in mid-14th century French records. Shortly after its appearance in French language, damasks were being woven on draw looms in Italy. From the 14th to 16th century, most damasks were woven in one colour with a glossy warp-faced satin pattern against a duller ground. Two-colour damasks had contrasting colour warps and wefts and polychrome damasks added gold and other metallic threads or additional colours as supplemental brocading wefts. Medieval damasks were usually woven in silk, but weavers also produced wool and linen damasks.

Damask and Nomads
In daily nomadic life this form of weaving was generally employed by women, specifically in occupations such as carpet-making. Women collected raw material from pasture animals and dyes from local flora, such as berries, insects, or grasses, to use in production. Each woman would create a specialized pattern sequence and color scheme that aligned with her personal identity and ethnic group. These techniques were passed down generationally from mother to daughter.

Modern usage
In the 19th century, the invention of the Jacquard loom which was automated with a system of punched cards, made weaving damask faster and cheaper. Modern damasks are woven on computerized Jacquard looms. Damask weaves are commonly produced in monochromatic (single-colour) weaves in silk, linen or synthetic fibres such as rayon and feature patterns of flowers, fruit and other designs. The long floats of satin-woven warp and weft threads cause soft highlights on the fabric which reflect light differently according to the position of the observer. Damask weaves appear most commonly in table linens and furnishing fabrics, but they are also used for clothing. The damask weave is prevalent in the fashion industry due to its versatility and high-quality finish. Damask is often used for mid-to-high-quality garments—associating itself with higher quality brands/labels.

title: Damask


text:
Dunnet (video game)

Dunnet is a surreal, cyberpunk text adventure written by Ron Schnell, based on a game he wrote in 1982. The name is derived from the first three letters of dungeon and the last three letters of ARPANET. It was first written in Maclisp for the DECSYSTEM-20, then ported to Emacs Lisp in 1992. Since 1994 the game has shipped with GNU Emacs; it also has been included with XEmacs.

The game has been recommended to writers considering writing interactive fiction.

Plot
The game starts out with the player standing at the end of a dirt road, but it turns to the surreal when players realize that they are actually walking around inside a Unix system, and teleporting themselves around the Arpanet. There are many subtle jokes in this game, and there are multiple ways of ending the game. Throughout the game the player moves through different areas and rooms trying to collect treasure to earn points.

Legacy
Dunnet is playable on any operating system with the Emacs editor. Emacs comes with most Unices, including macOS (prior to version 10.15 Catalina) and distributions of Linux. Several articles targeted to Mac OS X owners have recommended it as an easter egg as a game that can be run in Terminal.app. It can be run by running  in a shell or the key sequence   within Emacs, the former being the preferred and official way to run it. Dunnet was used as a benchmark in the effort to port Emacs Lisp to Guile, progressing from running standalone games to running the entire Emacs system in less than a person-year of work.

title: Dunnet (video game)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Santa Rosa Junior College

The entire article is actually a quote. Possible copyright violation. --Masterhomer 08:52, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Run-time infrastructure (simulation)

In simulation, run-time infrastructure (RTI) is a middleware that is required when implementing the High Level Architecture (HLA). RTI is the fundamental component of HLA. It provides a set of software services that are necessary to support federates to coordinate their operations and data exchange during a runtime execution. In other sense, it is the implementation of the HLA interface specification but is not itself part of specification. Modern RTI implementations conform to the IEEE 1516 and/or HLA 1.3 API specifications. These specifications do not include a network protocol for RTI. It is up to the implementors of an RTI to create a specification. Due to this, interoperability between RTI products and often, RTI versions, should not be assumed unless the vendor specifies interoperability with other products or versions.

title: Run-time infrastructure (simulation)


text:
Buffalo Bill Center of the West

The Buffalo Bill Center of the West, formerly known as the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, is a complex of five museums and a research library featuring art and artifacts of the American West located in Cody, Wyoming. The five museums include the Buffalo Bill Museum, the Plains Indians Museum, the Whitney Western Art Museum, the Draper Natural History Museum, and the Cody Firearms Museum. Founded in 1917 to preserve the legacy and vision of Col. William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, the Buffalo Bill Center of the West is the oldest and most comprehensive museum complex of the West.

Background
The complex can be traced to 1917, when the Buffalo Bill Memorial Association was established after the death of William F. Cody, the original Buffalo Bill. Gradually other elements were added to what started as a historical center. The current seven-acre building has more than 50,000 artifacts and holds five museums.

Since 2008, the center has been part of the Smithsonian Affiliates program, the first museum complex in Wyoming to have this status. As an Affiliate, the Center of the West has hosted Smithsonian artifacts. It has also recently loaned some of its own vast collections to a Smithsonian exhibition in Washington, D.C.

The museums are connected by the unifying theme of the history, culture, art, and natural science of the American West. The Center of the West's overall mission is to connect people to the American West. The institution includes the Buffalo Bill Museum, redesigned in 2012, which highlights Western ephemera and historic objects in telling the life story of W. F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody. Edward Rothstein of the New York Times wrote,

"The exhibition [on Buffalo Bill] affirms what the center as a whole demonstrates: that behind the mythologizing is something worth cherishing, even if it is flawed, complex and still evolving. The old impulse to demolish the myth has been put aside."

Buffalo Bill Museum
The inaugural museum opened in 1927 in a log cabin across from the current location. It was moved and reinstalled in 1968, and it is now part of a five-museum complex. The museum offers a wide-ranging view of the life and times of William F. Cody, as well as of the "Buffalo Bill" character he created, which made him the world's most celebrated person of his time.

The museum showcases the fame and success Cody attained through his "Buffalo Bill's Wild West show," and addresses his influence on the economic and cultural development of the American West.

Plains Indians Museum
The museum features the stories and objects of Plains Indian people, their cultures, traditions, values and histories, as well as the contexts of their lives today. The first curator was George Horse-Capture, an enrolled member of the A'aninin tribe. The majority of the collection is from the early reservation period, ca. 1880–1930. It contains artifacts primarily from Northern Plains tribes, such as the Arapaho, Lakota, Crow, Cheyenne, Blackfeet and Pawnee. The holdings also include important contemporary objects, ranging from abstract art to star quilts.

The museum also sponsors an annual Powwow held on the third weekend in June at the Robbie Powwow Garden at the Center of the West. This event attracts dancers, artisans, and visitors from all over North America.

Whitney Western Art Museum
The museum features paintings and sculptures of the American West. The gallery first opened in 1959 and was later united with the Buffalo Bill Museum.

In June 2009, it re-opened following a re-installation. Replicas of the studios of both Frederic Remington and Alexander Phimister Proctor help visitors learn about the artists and their techniques. Included are works by other classic Western artists: George Catlin, Edgar Samuel Paxson, Alfred Jacob Miller, Thomas Moran, Albert Bierstadt, Alexander Phimister Proctor, Joseph Henry Sharp and N. C. Wyeth. Contemporary Western artists include Harry Jackson, James Bama, Deborah Butterfield, Fritz Scholder, and the sculptor Grant Speed. Interactive stations allow visitors to create their own works of art.

Draper Natural History Museum
The museum features approximately 20000 sqft of interactive exhibits highlighting geology, wildlife, and human presence in the Greater Yellowstone region. Videos, natural history dioramas, and photography replicate the sights, sounds, and smells of the area. Specimens of grizzlies, wolves, bighorn sheep, moose, elk and other wildlife are on display.

Cody Firearms Museum
The Cody Firearms Museum was completely redesigned and reinstalled in 2019 and contains the most comprehensive firearms museum in the United States. The collection includes firearms ranging from 16th-century hand cannons to guns of modern manufacture. It explores firearms as "tools of human endeavors" and boasts a collection of 7,000 individual firearms—4,200 of which are on display—with approximately 20,000 additional related artifacts. The core of the museum is the Winchester Repeating Arms Company factory collection, which was transported from New Haven, Connecticut to Cody in 1976. The collection has grown to include firearms from many other manufacturers.

Programming and Activities
The Center of the West offers a variety of programs for visitors, including lectures, family activities, chuckwagon dinners, based on availability.

McCracken Research Library
The library houses a collection of 36,000 books, more than 600 numbered manuscript collections, and more than a million photographic images. Named in honor of Harold McCracken, writer, artist, and developer of the Buffalo Bill Center of the West, the library supports "inquiry across many disciplines related to the American West." The library has strong collections relating to Buffalo Bill, the Wild West show, Plains Indians, cattle and "dude" ranching, the fishing and hunting industries, the oil industry, Yellowstone National Park, and the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.

title: Buffalo Bill Center of the West


text:
Talk:Day of the Dead

removed link
Removed external link. The link is a pice of s¤¤¤ and the site is not in English nor in Spanish (looks like Chinese)Días de los Muertos photo and information site.

me mum diedlolhaha

The Day of the Dead
The day of the dead is when ppl from mexico, south america and even Russia and Spain celebrate their family members that have passed. now it is important to remember that The movie 'COCO' is not a good reference for this; that movie just ridiculous this amazing holiday asn i just wanna point out that The day of the dead is cool and all but when coca had jason derulo musicians that got me mad, like no hate against him but he just didn't belong is this terrible movie he can do better and i just think cocoa is disrespectful as dodgers suck cuz they got beasten by the Red soxs i think bc they didnt drink that koolaid!!! oh and lonzo ball is the greatest PG ever yall just be haters!!! Quavo is lit same with Migos and Travis Scott. President Donald Trump certainly knows how to direct attention where he wants it. When he raised the idea of issuing an executive order to end birthright citizenship for the children of illegal immigrants, it became a top news story. Because of these remarks, and other provocative comments from members of his party about immigration, the change in Republican attitudes on the issue since George W. Bush’s pro-immigration presidency is obvious to all.

But there has been a major, if lower-profile, shift on the Democratic side as well. You can see it in the polls. In 2005, an NBC/Wall Street Journal poll found Democrats evenly divided about immigration, with 45 percent saying it strengthened the country and 44 percent saying it weakened it. By 2017, a huge 81 percent majority said it strengthened the country and only 16 percent dissented.

As is often the case, the evolution of Democratic attitudes can also be seen by tracking Hillary Clinton’s comments over the years. When she first ran for president, from 2006 through 2008, she was careful to take a moderate tack. She opposed giving driver’s licenses to illegal immigrants, came out for “tougher employer sanctions” to deter the hiring of illegal immigrants, and toggled between calling them “illegal” and “undocumented” immigrants.

During her second run, under pressure from Bernie Sanders, she came out for driver’s licenses and apologized for using the term “illegal immigrants.” Talk of employer sanctions fell away. (Sanders himself, by the way, has also “evolved” on immigration.)

Both conviction and strategy propelled the Democratic change. As conservative Democrats have become conservative Republicans, there were fewer and fewer voters and politicians inside their coalition inclined toward restraint.

Many Democrats became convinced, as well, that a strong pro-immigration stand could help them win elections because it would appeal to Hispanics, a growing share of the electorate. The white working-class voters whom that stand might alienate were, in contrast, a shrinking share.

At the same time, support for immigration became more and more associated with cherished values such as tolerance, openness and opposition to racism; support for restrictions on it, with intolerance, closed-mindedness and bigotry. The familiar dynamic of polarization also took hold: The issue became a mark of distinction between the parties, and a desire to crack down on illegal immigration and cut legal immigration became something Democrats linked with their partisan enemies.

One way of reading the data is that Democrats have led public opinion toward greater support for immigration. Independents and Republicans, too, became more likely to regard it as a net plus for the country between 2005 and 2017. Their shift was, however, much smaller than the Democratic one.

Democrats may, however, have moved too far for their own good. The public still shows some ambivalence. Only a minority of Americans wants an increase in immigration levels.

While most Americans favor granting legal status to illegal immigrants who have put down roots and behaved well here, some members of that majority doubtless fear that a continuing refusal to enforce the law means that one amnesty will be followed by more. Americans are also open to combining an amnesty with some of the changes that Trump wants, such as ending the visa lottery designed to increase diversity.

Democrats also seem to be failing to make the favorable trade between the white working class and Hispanics that they had expected. For some voters, the new rhetoric, which emphasizes the harshness of deportation and downplays the necessity of enforcement, signals indifference to the rule of law and to their opinions. The abandonment of the old, more balanced approach has lent credibility to Trump’s claim that Democrats favor “open borders.”

The president has used the opening Democrats have given him to push for policies that are also out of step with public opinion. Most Americans do not approve of his job performance on immigration. Even more disliked the separation of families at the border. Support for birthright citizenship seems to have risen in recent years. That is all BYe

Coment. what does any of this have to do with the holiday? and how do you think they should change the article?

11,425,427.84 103.161.66.37 (talk) 12:38, 25 November 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 November 2023
Please add this to the Third page under the heading "Origins, history, and similarities to other festivities":

In Stanley Brandes’ article about the origins of the Day of the Dead imagery, he shows a good idea as to where death imagery really came from. Brandes first notes the multiple ways in which Mesoamerican culture’s use of death imagery may have influenced death imagery in the Day of the Dead celebrations today. Brandes then notes the possibility for some influence on death imagery from European historical art and traditions which better resembled the humorous elements of the Day of the Dead art. The presence of death images and a relationship with death in both influencing cultures shows the uniqueness of the Day of the Dead. Mexicans didn’t copy any one specific people group’s culture but rather took elements from both to create a new and distinctly Mexican culture.

In another article, Stanley Brandes shows the connection between sugar, death, and colonialism which gives more insight into the history of the Day of the Dead. Stanley Brandes ties sugar to colonialism, as a source of trade, and colonialism to death, as a result of disease, which then can provide a connection between sugar and death. When Mexico was colonized, the colonizers brought irreversible changes that will forever connect colonialism, death, and sugar for Mexicans. In his article, Brandes also made a useful distinction between Halloween, the Day of the Saints (a European holiday), and the Day of the Dead. Brandes distinguishes that Halloween focuses mainly on sugar, the Day of the Saints focuses mainly on religion, and the Day of the Dead connects both.

Please add this to the Fourth page under the heading "Altars and installations in Mexico City museums and public spaces":

The Day of the Dead has provided a platform for social justice in society through these altars in public spaces. Olof Ohlson talks about the ways that individuals have used the Day of the Dead traditions to confront state-sponsored necrogovernance. Ohlson says that individuals have been able to critique and make jokes about the state and narco violence through the use of public altars. These public altars, ofrendas, have given Mexicans a voice to speak against the violence in their country and the deaths related to narco violence.

Please add this to the Sixth page under the NEW heading "The Mexican View of Death":

With a holiday so focused on death, the concept of a “Mexican view of death” has been created. The holiday is not just connected to death through imagery and meaning but also through people who are thought to be “obsessed” with death. Stanley Brandes highlights the key role that the Mexican view of death has played in creating a national identity that can unite Mexicans. Not only do Mexicans have a connection to death, but their connection to death also connects them to each other. Brandes does note, however, that the Mexican view of death has become a stereotype that is not applicable to everyone or anytime. In his article, Brandes brings attention to statistics regarding suicide in countries around the world only to find many countries have a higher suicide rate than Mexico. This shows that Mexicans are not necessarily as desensitized to death or fearless of death as other countries have shown to be. Still, Mexicans have a unique connection to death which Brandes credits to the Day of the Dead. To support this, Brandes compares the colorless and solemn cemeteries to the colorful and joyful cemeteries found during the two days known as the Day of the Dead in Mexico. The way that Mexicans engage with death changes during this special holiday. Angelica Torrecilla credits the Mexican relationship with death to their beliefs about the afterlife which isn’t defined as an end destination, rather they view death as the start of a long journey. This belief is evident based on common traditions during the Day of the Dead such as ofrendas. Torrecilla discusses the importance of ofrendas, which are filled with food and colors, to brighten, remember, and satisfy ancestors. In her article, Torrecilla connects how Mexican beliefs about the afterlife help to strengthen relationships within the community, family, and with the natural process as well. Mexicans may still have different views about death depending on their opinions about the meaning of the Day of the Dead. Guillermo Meneses talks about how some Mexicans view the Day of the Dead as an opportunity to confront death and push themselves while others focus on the religious aspects and the opportunity to “see” ancestors again when celebrating the holiday. The Day of the Dead celebrations have given Mexicans a unique relationship with death that helps them connect to each other as a community and as a country.

Please add this to the Fifth page under the heading "Altars (ofrendas)":

Orozco, Castillo, and Ramos wrote an article that talks about their idea for a “Neoaltar” which would combine the emergence of new technology and the tradition of ofrendas. This Neoaltar that Orozco, Castillo, and Ramos created was meant to help convey the story of the deceased person in an interactive and engaging way that would even target those who didn’t know the individual. With the development of new technology individuals are coming up with new ways to make an ofrenda with the goal that they would be able to best represent and tell the story of their deceased relatives and spirits.

Please add this to the Sixth page under the NEW heading "Mexican National Identity":

Not only is connection important to Mexicans but so is individuality, another large side effect of the unique Day of the Dead celebrations. Stanley Brandes highlights the things he thinks make this holiday different: a unique name, the excess of sweet bread and candies, the humor, religious connections, and the target audience. Brandes specifically compares the Day of the Dead to Halloween which has begun to be associated with the Mexican holiday, Mexicans believe that the success of Halloween in Mexico should be seen as a failure for Mexicans. Mexicans want to have a sense of individuality, autonomy, and identity that can separate them from other countries like the United States of America. The Day of the Dead and its unique traditions can offer this national identity to Mexicans.

Please add this to the Sixth page under the NEW heading "International Influences":

It can be seen both the ways that the global world is affecting the Day of the Dead and the ways that the Day of the Dead is affecting the global world. To start with the ways that the Day of the Dead has been affected, Catherine Ettinger illustrates a few ways that the holiday has been changed to attract tourists. Ettinger says that there are some places in Mexico that have been encouraged to celebrate the Day of the Dead with decorated cemeteries with the goal of broadening the tourist product. Another illustration Ettinger gives is regarding a Day of the Dead parade during the opening of a James Bond movie which subsequently led many city governments to organize parades the next year to attract tourists. Changes have been made to the ways that the Day of the Dead is celebrated in Mexico because of the outside influence of other nations. George Crosthwait shows that, while the holiday has been influenced it might also be influencing. Crosthwait analyzes the Disney film Coco, and he comes to the conclusion that the film considers the main purpose of death to be a reflection of life, ultimately showing the focus to be on the present. Comparing this purpose to Paz’s analysis of death, Crosthwait finds that both see death as being a reflection of our lives, meaning if our death lacks meaning then so will our lives. Even though the film Coco was produced from an outside perspective of the Day of the Dead, it still presented an adequate representation that may illustrate the influence this holiday is having internationally. Gibbehy (talk) 00:55, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Per WP:CLOSEPARAPHRASE, the proposed text is insufficiently paraphrased from the source material. Spintendo  23:20, 27 December 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 December 2023
Add "día de difuntos" to the Spanish names WilliamMorris1650 (talk) 03:29, 1 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Shadow311 (talk) 21:55, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Day of the Dead


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Sneakers (1992 film)

Sneakers is a 1992 American crime comedy drama film directed by Phil Alden Robinson, written by Robinson, Walter Parkes, and Lawrence Lasker, and starring Robert Redford, Dan Aykroyd, Ben Kingsley, Mary McDonnell, River Phoenix, Sidney Poitier, and David Strathairn; the film was released by Universal Pictures.

Sneakers is a heist film in which five criminals lend out their skills for honest jobs. Now they are asked to steal a code breaker device, and since the men who hire them seem shady, they investigate the situation and learn that the job has nefarious and far-reaching motives behind it.

Plot
In 1969, student hackers and long-time friends Martin Brice and Cosmo use their skills to reallocate money from causes they consider evil to noble but underfunded causes designed to help the world. Martin leaves for food just before the police arrive, arresting Cosmo and forcing Martin into hiding.

Decades later, in San Francisco, Martin, using the alias Martin Bishop, heads a penetration testing security specialist team that includes former CIA operative Donald Crease, technician Darren "Mother" Roskow, hacking prodigy Carl Arbogast, and blind phone phreak Irwin "Whistler" Emery. After the team successfully infiltrates a bank to demonstrate their inadequate security, Martin is approached by NSA operatives Dick Gordon and Buddy Wallace. The men are aware of Martin's true identity and offer to clear his name and pay him $175,000 to recover a Russian-funded black box device codenamed "Setec Astronomy" from mathematician Dr. Gunter Janek. With assistance from his ex-girlfriend Liz, Martin and his team secure the box. However, they discover the device is a code breaker capable of infiltrating the most secure computer networks including financial and government systems. Martin realizes "Setec Astronomy" is an anagram of "too many secrets" and locks everyone down in their office until the device can be delivered to the NSA.

The following day, Martin hands the box to Gordon and Wallace, but Crease warns him to run after learning that Janek was murdered the night before. The team learns the box was actually funded by the NSA and the agents are imposters. Martin's friend Gregor, a spy in the Russian consulate, identifies Wallace as a former NSA agent now working for a powerful crime organisation. Men impersonating FBI agents arrive and kill Gregor, framing Martin by using his gun, before recovering Martin to an unknown location where it is revealed they are working for Cosmo. Because of his hacking talents, Cosmo had secured an early release from prison and was recruited by an organized crime group to manage their illicit finances. Although the box could infiltrate their illegal networks, Cosmo wants it so he can finish what he and Martin started in 1969, destroying financial and ownership records to render the rich and poor as equals. He asks Martin to join him, but he refuses, considering Cosmo's plan extreme. Cosmo uses the box to access the FBI's systems and link Martin's current and former identities, making him a fugitive again. Martin is knocked unconscious and returned to the city.

To conceal their presence, Martin relocates his team to Liz's apartment. They contact NSA director of operations Bernard Abbott who will assist them if they recover the box. Whistler uses the sounds Martin can recall from his abduction to identify Cosmo's office in the PlayTronics toy company, a criminal front. Researching the building's security, the team identifies Werner Brandes, an employee, and manipulate a dating service to connect him with Liz. During the date she steals his access codes which allows Martin to infiltrate PlayTronics, but Brandes becomes suspicious of Liz and takes her to his office. Cosmo realizes she is involved with Martin and locks down the facility, taking Liz hostage. Martin surrenders and Cosmo pleads with Martin to join him, but he refuses after turning over the box. Unable to kill his friend, Cosmo allows Martin and his team to leave, but discovers Martin gave him an empty box.

On arriving back at their office, Martin's team is surrounded by Abbott and his agents. Martin realizes that the box can only be used by the NSA to hack into systems belonging to the USA, such as the FBI and White House. To ensure their silence on the matter, Abbott acquiesces to the team's demands, including clearing Martin's record, sending Crease on a long holiday with his wife, buying Mother a Winnebago, and giving Carl the telephone number of an attractive NSA agent. After the agents leave, Martin reveals the box is useless because he has removed the core component.

A news report announces the sudden bankruptcy of the Republican National Committee and the simultaneous receipt of large anonymous donations to Amnesty International, Greenpeace, and the United Negro College Fund.

Production
Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes first conceived the idea for Sneakers in 1981, while doing research for WarGames. In early drafts, the character of Liz was a bank employee, rather than Martin's ex-girlfriend. The role was changed because Lasker and Parkes believed that it took too long for her character to develop.

Once Robert Redford was attached to the picture, his name was used to recruit other members of the cast and crew, including the director Robinson, who had little initial interest in the project but had always wanted to work with Redford.

At one point during the project, Robinson received a visit from men claiming to be representatives of the Office of Naval Intelligence, who indicated that for reasons of national security, the film could not include any references to "a hand-held device that can decode codes". Robinson was highly concerned, as such a device was a key to the film's plot, but after consulting with a lawyer from the film studio he realized that the "visit" had been a prank instigated by a member of the cast, possibly Aykroyd or Redford.

"I can't remember having so much fun on a movie," Stephen Tobolowsky recalled in 2012 for a 20th-anniversary piece about the film for Slate. He had initially scoffed at the script based on its title alone, but his agent persuaded him to read it, and he reconsidered. Afterward, he told his agent, "Now I know what a hundred million dollars at the box office reads like." "It was one of the most spectacular casts I've ever been lucky enough to be a part of," Tobolowsky wrote. When he was shooting the scene where he and McDonnell eat at a Chinese restaurant, Robinson told him he could do anything he wanted to make her laugh. "Dangerous words. It set the tone for the rest of the shoot," he recalls. "I played with my food. I made up lines (including one about pounding chicken breasts in the kitchen during our second date)." The rest of the cast and crew felt similarly. Near the end of the shoot, Robinson said the only way it could have been better would have been if the lab lost the film, so they would have had to do it all over again.

Leonard Adleman was the mathematical consultant on this movie.

Release
The film's press kit was accompanied by a floppy disk containing a custom program explaining the movie. Parts of the program were quasi-encrypted, requiring the user to enter an easily guessable password to proceed. It was one of the first electronic press kits by a film studio.

Reception
The film received positive reviews from critics upon its release. Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan called Sneakers "[a] caper movie with a most pleasant sense of humor," a "twisting plot," and a "witty, hang-loose tone." Turan went on to praise the ensemble cast and director Robinson, who is "surprisingly adept at creating tension at appropriate moments" and "makes good use of the script's air of clever cheerfulness". Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, was less impressed, giving the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it "a sometimes entertaining movie, but thin." He went on to point out numerous clichés and tired plot devices recycled in the film. Vincent Canby, in a negative review for The New York Times, said the film looked like it had "just surfaced after being buried alive for 20 years," calling it "an atrophied version of a kind of caper movie that was so beloved in the early 1970's". He singled out Redford and Poitier as looking and acting too old to be in this kind of film now. He calls the plot "feeble," resulting in a film that is "jokey without being funny, breathless without creating suspense". He calls the ensemble an "all-star gang," but says the "performances are generally quite bad."

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 80% based on reviews from 55 critics. The website's consensus states: "There isn't much to Sneakers' plot and that's more than made up for with the film's breezy panache and hi-tech lingo." On Metacritic the film has a score of 65 out of 100 based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade A− on scale of A to F.

The film was a box office success, grossing over $105.2 million worldwide.

Novelization
A novelization of the film written by Dewey Gram was published in English (Signet, 1992, ISBN 0451174704) and translated into German (Droemer Knaur, 1993, ISBN 3-426-60177-X).

TV series
In October 2016, NBC was developing a TV series based on the film. Writer Walter Parkes was brought on as an executive producer.

title: Sneakers (1992 film)


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User:Odissi

My name is Madhumita Patnaik, and I am a professional Odissi dancer. Odissi is a classical Indian dance.

title: User:Odissi


text:
Bobby Grim

Robert Grim (September 4, 1924 – June 14, 1995) was an American racecar driver.

Born in Coal City, Indiana, Grim died of cancer in Indianapolis, Indiana. He drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1958-1969 seasons with 66 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 races each year from 1959-1968 except 1965. He finished in the top ten 30 times, with his one victory coming in 1960 at Syracuse. He won the 1959 Indy Rookie of the Year, despite finishing in 26th position. He was also the IMCA sprint car champion from 1955-1958 driving the famed "Black Deuce" Offy of Hector Honore. Grim was the 1959 Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year.

World Championship career summary
The Indianapolis 500 was part of the FIA World Championship from 1950 through 1960. Drivers competing at Indy during those years were credited with World Championship points and participation. Bobby Grim participated in 2 World Championship races. He started on the pole 0 times, won 0 races, set 0 fastest laps, and finished on the podium 0 times. He accumulated a total of 0 championship points.

Award
He was inducted in the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame in 1992.

title: Bobby Grim


text:
Bud Tingelstad

Bud Tingelstad (April 4, 1928 – July 30, 1981) was an American racecar driver.

Born in Frazee, Minnesota, Tingelstad drove in the USAC Championship Car series, racing in the 1960–1971 seasons with 120 starts, including the Indianapolis 500 in each year except 1961 and 1970, attempting, but failing to qualify in both of those years and also attempting to qualify in 1972. His best Indy 500 finish was sixth in 1964. He had 56 top-ten race finishes, with his one victory in 1966 at DuQuoin. He had a best Championship points finish of 5th in 1964. He died of a heart attack in Indianapolis, Indiana.

World Championship career summary
The Indianapolis 500 was part of the FIA World Championship from 1950 through 1960. Drivers competing at Indy during those years were credited with World Championship points and participation. Bud Tingelstad participated in 1 World Championship race but scored no World Championship points.

title: Bud Tingelstad


text:
Cal Niday

Cal Niday (April 29, 1914 in Turlock, California – February 14, 1988 in Lancaster, California) was an American racecar driver.

Biography
He lost his leg in a motorcycle accident after high school, but it did not affect his race car driving career. Cal is also noted as the first racer to wear a modern style Bell helmet in the Indy 500. Niday is one of three drivers to have participated in the Indianapolis 500 with a prosthetic leg, along with Al Miller and Bill Schindler. The Indianapolis 500 was part of the FIA World Championship from 1950 through 1960. Drivers competing at Indy during those years were credited with World Championship points and participation. During his racing career, Niday travelled to Australia to race Midgets (known as Speedcars in Australia). In 1948 Niday won the 3rd running of the Australian Speedcar Grand Prix at the famous Sydney Showground Speedway. Cal Niday participated in three World Championship races but scored no World Championship points. He was killed by a heart-attack after being thrown from a vintage open wheeler at Willow Springs raceway.

title: Cal Niday


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Carl Forberg

Carl Roy Forberg (March 4, 1911 – January 17, 2000) was an American racecar driver from Omaha, Nebraska.

World Championship career summary
The Indianapolis 500 was part of the FIA World Championship from 1950 through 1960. Drivers competing at Indy during those years were credited with World Championship points and participation. Carl Forberg participated in 1 World Championship race, finishing seventh.

title: Carl Forberg