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Diving medicine

Diving medicine, also called undersea and hyperbaric medicine (UHB), is the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of conditions caused by humans entering the undersea environment. It includes the effects on the body of pressure on gases, the diagnosis and treatment of conditions caused by marine hazards and how relationships of a diver's fitness to dive affect a diver's safety. Diving medical practitioners are also expected to be competent in the examination of divers and potential divers to determine fitness to dive.

Hyperbaric medicine is a corollary field associated with diving, since recompression in a hyperbaric chamber is used as a treatment for two of the most significant diving-related illnesses, decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism.

Diving medicine deals with medical research on issues of diving, the prevention of diving disorders, treatment of diving accidents and diving fitness. The field includes the effect of breathing gases and their contaminants under high pressure on the human body and the relationship between the state of physical and psychological health of the diver and safety.

In diving accidents it is common for multiple disorders to occur together and interact with each other, both causatively and as complications.

Diving medicine is a branch of occupational medicine and sports medicine, and at first aid level, an important part of diver education.

Range and scope of diving medicine
The scope of diving medicine must necessarily include conditions that are specifically connected with the activity of diving, and not found in other contexts, but this categorization excludes almost everything, leaving only deep water blackout, isobaric counterdiffusion and high pressure nervous syndrome. A more useful grouping is conditions that are associated with exposure to variations of ambient pressure. These conditions are largely shared by aviation and space medicine. Further conditions associated with diving and other aquatic and outdoor activities are commonly included in books which are aimed at the diver, rather than the specialist medical practitioner, as they are useful background to diver first aid training.

The scope of knowledge necessary for a practitioner of diving medicine includes the medical conditions associated with diving and their treatment, physics and physiology relating to the underwater and pressurised environment, the standard operating procedures and equipment used by divers which can influence the development and management of these conditions, and the specialised equipment used for treatment.

Scope of knowledge for diving medicine
The ECHM-EDTC Educational and Training Standards for Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine (2011) specify the following scope of knowledge for Diving Medicine:

 * Physiology and pathology of diving and hyperbaric exposure.
 * Human physiology of underwater diving
 * Hyperbaric physics
 * Diving related physiology
 * Hyperbaric pathophysiology of immersion
 * Pathophysiology of decompression
 * A brief introduction to acute dysbaric disorders
 * Chronic dysbaric disorders
 * Hyperbaric oxygen therapy basis – Physiology and pathology
 * Oxygen toxicity
 * Pressure and inert gas effects
 * Nitrogen narcosis
 * High pressure neurological syndrome
 * Medication under pressure
 * Non-dysbaric diving pathologies
 * Diving technology and safety
 * Basic safety planning
 * Compressed air work
 * Diving procedures
 * Wet bells and stages
 * Scuba diving on air and mixed gas
 * Surface supplied diving
 * Standard diving (copper helmet)
 * Rebreather diving (semi-closed and closed circuit)
 * Other diving procedures
 * Characteristics of various divers
 * Diving equipment as used to c.50m and Chambers
 * Diving tables and computers
 * Regulations and standards for diving
 * Saturation diving
 * Saturation mode
 * Physiology of deep exposure
 * Compression
 * At depth in a living chamber
 * Bell excursions
 * Fitness to dive
 * Fitness to dive criteria and contraindications for divers, compressed air workers and HBOT chamber personnel
 * Fitness to dive assessment
 * Fitness to dive standards (professional and recreational)
 * Diving accidents
 * Diving incidents and accidents
 * Emergency medical support with no chamber on site
 * Barotrauma: ENT; dental; cutaneous, conjunctival, etc.
 * Physical injuries
 * Decompression illness
 * Pathophysiological basis and mechanisms of DCI
 * Differential diagnosis of decompression illness
 * Management of decompression incidents at the surface
 * Immediate management, recompression tables and strategies
 * Rehabilitation of disabled divers
 * Diving accident investigation
 * Clinical HBO
 * Recompression chambers

Scope of knowledge for hyperbaric medicine
The ECHM-EDTC Educational and Training Standards for Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine (2011) specify the following scope of knowledge for Hyperbaric Medicine additional to that for Diving medicine:
 * Physiology and pathology of diving and hyperbaric exposure.
 * HBO-Basics – effects of hyperbaric oxygen – physiology and pathology
 * Clinical HBO
 * Chamber technique (multiplace, monoplace, transport chambers, wet recompression)
 * Mandatory indications
 * HBO Recommended indications
 * HBO Experimental and anecdotal indications
 * HBO Data collection / statistics / evaluation
 * HBO General basic treatment (nursing)
 * HBO Diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic devices in chambers
 * Risk assessment, incidents monitoring and safety plan in HBO chambers
 * HBO Safety regulations

Diagnostics
The signs and symptoms of diving disorders may present during a dive, on surfacing, or up to several hours after a dive. Divers have to breathe a gas which is at the same pressure as their surroundings, which can be much greater than on the surface. The ambient pressure underwater increases by 1 atm for every 10 m of depth.

The principal conditions are: decompression illness (which covers decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism); nitrogen narcosis; high pressure nervous syndrome; oxygen toxicity; and pulmonary barotrauma (burst lung). Although some of these may occur in other settings, they are of particular concern during diving activities.

The disorders are caused by breathing gas at the high pressures encountered at depth, and divers will often breathe a gas mixture different from air to mitigate these effects. Nitrox, which contains more oxygen and less nitrogen is commonly used as a breathing gas to reduce the risk of decompression sickness at recreational depths (up to about 40 m). Helium may be added to reduce the amount of nitrogen and oxygen in the gas mixture when diving deeper, to reduce the effects of narcosis and to avoid the risk of oxygen toxicity. This is complicated at depths beyond about 150 m, because a helium–oxygen mixture (heliox) then causes high pressure nervous syndrome. More exotic mixtures such as hydreliox, a hydrogen–helium–oxygen mixture, are used at extreme depths to counteract this.

Decompression sickness
Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs when gas, which has been breathed under high pressure and dissolved into the body tissues, forms bubbles as the pressure is reduced on ascent from a dive. The results may range from pain in the joints where the bubbles form to blockage of an artery leading to damage to the nervous system, paralysis or death. While bubbles can form anywhere in the body, DCS is most frequently observed in the shoulders, elbows, knees, and ankles. Joint pain occurs in about 90% of DCS cases reported to the U.S. Navy, with neurological symptoms and skin manifestations each present in 10% to 15% of cases. Pulmonary DCS is very rare in divers.

Pulmonary barotrauma and arterial gas embolism
If the breathing gas in a diver's lungs cannot freely escape during an ascent, the lungs may be expanded beyond their compliance, and the lung tissues may rupture, causing pulmonary barotrauma (PBT). The gas may then enter the arterial circulation producing arterial gas embolism (AGE), with effects similar to severe decompression sickness. Gas bubbles within the arterial circulation can block the supply of blood to any part of the body, including the brain, and can therefore manifest a vast variety of symptoms.

Nitrogen narcosis
Nitrogen narcosis is caused by the pressure of dissolved gas in the body and produces temporary impairment to the nervous system. This results in alteration to thought processes and a decrease in the diver's ability to make judgements or calculations. It can also decrease motor skills, and worsen performance in tasks requiring manual dexterity. As depth increases, so does the pressure and hence the severity of the narcosis. The effects may vary widely from individual to individual, and from day to day for the same diver. Because of the perception-altering effects of narcosis, a diver may not be aware of the symptoms, but studies have shown that impairment occurs nevertheless. The narcotic effects dissipate without lasting effect as the pressure decreases during ascent.

High-pressure nervous syndrome
Helium is the least narcotic of all gases, and divers may use breathing mixtures containing a proportion of helium for dives exceeding about 40 m deep. In the 1960s it was expected that helium narcosis would begin to become apparent at depths of 300 m. However, it was found that different symptoms, such as tremors, occurred at shallower depths around 150 m. This became known as high-pressure nervous syndrome, and its effects are found to result from both the absolute depth and the speed of descent. Although the effects vary from person to person, they are stable and reproducible for the individual.

Oxygen toxicity
Although oxygen is essential to life, in concentrations significantly greater than normal it becomes toxic, overcoming the body's natural defences (antioxidants), and causing cell death in any part of the body. The lungs and brain are particularly affected by high partial pressures of oxygen, such as are encountered in diving. The body can tolerate partial pressures of oxygen around 0.5 bar indefinitely, and up to 1.4 bar for many hours, but higher partial pressures rapidly increase the chance of the most dangerous effect of oxygen toxicity, a convulsion resembling an epileptic seizure. Susceptibility to oxygen toxicity varies dramatically from person to person, and to a smaller extent from day to day for the same diver. Prior to convulsion, several symptoms may be present – most distinctly that of an aura.

Treatments
Treatment of diving disorders depends on the specific disorder or combination of disorders, but two treatments are commonly associated with first aid and definitive treatment where diving is involved. These are first aid oxygen administration at high concentration, which is seldom contraindicated, and generally recommended as a default option in diving accidents where there is any significant probability of hypoxia, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which is the definitive treatment for most conditions of decompression illness.

Oxygen therapy
The administration of oxygen as a medical intervention is common in diving medicine, both for first aid and for longer term treatment. Normobaric oxygen administration at the highest available concentration is frequently used as first aid for any diving injury that may involve inert gas bubble formation in the tissues. There is epidemiological support for its use from a statistical study of cases recorded in a long term database.

Recompression and hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Recompression treatment in a hyperbaric chamber was initially used as a life-saving tool to treat decompression sickness in caisson workers and divers who stayed too long at depth and developed decompression sickness. In the 21st century, it is a highly specialized treatment modality found to be effective for treating many conditions where the administration of oxygen under pressure is beneficial.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment is generally preferred when effective, as it is usually a more efficient and lower risk method of reducing symptoms of decompression illness, but in some cases recompression to pressures where oxygen toxicity is unacceptable may be required to eliminate the bubbles in the tissues in severe cases of decompression illness.

Availability of recompression treatment is limited. Some countries have no facilities at all, and in others which have facilities, such as the US, some hospitals do not make them available for emergency treatment.

Medical examination for fitness to dive
Fitness to dive, (or medical fitness to dive), is the medical and physical suitability of a person to function safely in the underwater environment using underwater diving equipment and procedures. Depending on the circumstances it may be established by a signed statement by the diver that he or she does not suffer from any of the listed disqualifying conditions and is able to manage the ordinary physical requirements of diving, to a detailed medical examination by a physician registered as a medical examiner of divers following a procedural checklist, and a legal document of fitness to dive issued by the medical examiner.

The most important medical examination is the one before starting diving, as the diver can be screened to prevent exposure when a dangerous condition exists. The other important medicals are after some significant illness, where medical intervention is needed there and has to be done by a doctor who is competent in diving medicine, and can not be done by prescriptive rules.

Psychological factors can affect fitness to dive, particularly where they affect response to emergencies, or risk taking behaviour. The use of medical and recreational drugs, can also influence fitness to dive, both for physiological and behavioural reasons. In some cases prescription drug use may have a net positive effect, when effectively treating an underlying condition, but frequently the side effects of effective medication may have undesirable influences on the fitness of diver, and most cases of recreational drug use result in an impaired fitness to dive, and a significantly increased risk of sub-optimal response to emergencies.

Education and registration of practitioners
Specialist training in underwater and hyperbaric medicine is available from several institutions, and registration is possible both with professional associations and governmental registries.

Education
NOAA/UHMS Physicians Training Course in Diving Medicine: This course has been presented since 1977, and has been influenced by internationally accepted training objectives recommended by the Diving Medical Advisory Committee, the European Diving Technology Committee, and the European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine. The course is designed for qualified medical practitioners, but may be useful to others who work in the field of diving safety and operations.

The course is to train physicians to recognize and treat diving medical emergencies. Subject matter includes:
 * Basic physics and physiology of the hyperbaric environment:
 * the laws and principles;
 * the differences between hyperbaric and hypobaric pressure;
 * hyperbaric gases and their effects under pressure;
 * links between the physiological effects of the hyperbaric environment and the pathology of the disease
 * Basic decompression theory:
 * historical development to current concepts
 * factors affecting decompression safety including acceptable risks and thermal issues
 * distinguish decompression sickness from barotrauma and arterial gas embolism;
 * Dive computer theories and types, and comparison to dive tables
 * Introduction to commercial diving and comparison to recreational and technical diving, including differences in procedures, equipment, and diver categories
 * The clinical application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the treatment tables used;
 * Participation in surface-supplied diving operation and hyperbaric chamber operations;
 * Components, types, operational and safety hazards associated with hyperbaric chambers;
 * Diving-related conditions resulting from the effects of long-term effects of diving, flying after diving, altitude, thermal conditions, age and gender
 * Neurologic assessment on a diver with signs and/or symptoms of DCI
 * Medical and fitness standards for diving, including:
 * contraindications for both commercial and recreational divers
 * differences in medical standards for recreational versus occupational diving communities
 * legal implications for approving and denying fitness to dive in an occupational setting
 * approaches for determining the safety of prescription and OTC medications used by divers

Fellowship in Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) offer 12-month programs in undersea and hyperbaric medicine associated with ACGME or AOA accredited programs in emergency medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, occupational medicine, preventive medicine, or anesthesiology.

ECHM-EDTC Educational and Training Standards for Physicians in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine: The standard drawn up jointly by the European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine and the European Diving Technical Committee defines job descriptions for several levels of diving and hyperbaric physician: Education and assessment to these standards may be provided by institutions of higher education under the leadership of a Level 3 Hyperbaric Medicine Expert as defined below. Certificates of competence may be issued by a nationally accredited institution or an internationally acknowledged agency, and periodic recertification is required.

Level 1. Medical Examiner of Divers (MED) minimum 28 teaching hours. Level 2D. Diving Medicine Physician (DMP) minimum 80 teaching hours. Level 2H. Hyperbaric Medicine Physician (HMP) minimum 120 teaching hours Level 3. Hyperbaric medicine expert or consultant (hyperbaric and diving medicine) is a physician who has been assessed as competent to:
 * The MED must be competent to perform the assessments of medical fitness to dive of occupational and recreational divers and compressed air workers, except the assessment of medical fitness to resume diving after major decompression incidents.
 * A DMP must be competent to perform the initial and all other assessments of medical fitness to dive of working and recreational divers or compressed air workers, and manage diving accidents and advise diving contractors and others on diving medicine and physiology (with the backup of a diving medical expert or consultant).
 * A DMP should have knowledge in relevant aspects of occupational health, but is not required to be a certified specialist in occupational medicine.
 * A DMP should have certified skills and basic practical experience in assessment of medical fitness to dive, management of diving accidents, safety planning for professional diving operations, advanced life support, acute trauma care and general wound care.
 * An HMP will be responsible for hyperbaric treatment sessions (with the backup of a hyperbaric medicine expert or consultant)
 * An HMP should have appropriate experience in anaesthesia and intensive care in order to manage the HBO patients, but is not required to be a certified specialist in anaesthesia and intensive care.
 * An HMP must be competent to assess and manage clinical patients for hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment
 * manage a hyperbaric facility (HBO centre) or the medical and physiological aspects of complex diving activities.
 * manage research programs on diving medicine.
 * supervise a team of HBO doctors and personnel, health professionals and others.
 * teach relevant aspects of hyperbaric medicine and physiology to all members of staff.

Gesellschaft für Tauch- und Überdruckmedizin e. V.: Society for Diving and Hyperbaric medicine German standards for education and assessment of diving medical practitioners are similar to the ECHM-EDTC Standards and are controlled by the Gesellschaft für Tauch- und Überdruckmedizin e. V. They include Medical Examiner of Divers, Diving Medicine Physician, Hyperbaric Medicine Physician, Chief Hyperbaric Medicine Physician and Hyperbaric Medicine Consultant.

Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Unterwasser- und Hyperbarmedizin: Swiss Society for underwater and hyperbaric medicine. Swiss standards for education and assessment of diving medical practitioners are controlled by the Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Unterwasser- und Hyperbarmedizin. They include Medical Examiner of Divers, Diving Medicine Physician and Hyperbaric Medicine Physician.

Österreichische Gesellschaft für Tauch- und Hyperbarmedizin: Austrian Society for Diving and Hyperbaric medicine. Austrian standards for education and assessment of diving medical practitioners are controlled by the Österreichische Gesellschaft für Tauch- und Hyperbarmedizin They include Medical Examiner of Divers, Diving Medicine Physician, Hyperbaric Medicine Physician, Chief Hyperbaric Medicine Physician and Hyperbaric Medicine Consultant.

Registration
The American Medical Association recognises the sub-speciality Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine held by someone who is already Board Certified in some other speciality.

The South African Department of Employment and Labour registers two levels of Diving Medical Practitioner. Level 1 is qualified to conduct annual examinations and certification of medical fitness to dive, on commercial divers (equivalent to ECHM-EDTC Level 1. Medical Examiner of Divers), and Level 2 is qualified to provide medical advice to a diving contractor and hyperbaric treatment for diving injuries (equivalent to ECHM-EDTC Level 2D Diving Medicine Physician)

Australia has a four tier system: In 2007 there was no recognised equivalence with the European standard.
 * GPs completing the first tier four- to five-day course on how to examine divers for 'fitness to dive' can then add their names to the SPUMS Diving Doctors List
 * GPs completing the second tier two-week diving medicine courses provided by the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Adelaide Hospital, or the two-week course in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine provided by the ANZ Hyperbaric Medicine Group, qualify to do commercial-diving medicals.
 * The third tier is the SPUMS Diploma in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. The candidate must attend a two-week course, write a dissertation related to DHM and have the equivalent of six months' full-time experience working in a hyperbaric medicine unit.
 * The fourth tier is the Certificate in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine from the ANZ College of Anaesthetists.

Divers
A basic knowledge understanding of the causes, symptoms and first aid treatment of diving related disorders is part of the basic training for most recreational and professional divers, both to help the diver avoid the disorders, and to allow appropriate action in case of an incident resulting in injury.

Recreational divers
A recreational diver has the same duty of care to other divers as any ordinary member of the public, and therefore there is no obligation to train recreational divers in first aid or other medical skills. Nevertheless, first aid training is recommended by most, if not all, recreational diver training agencies.

Recreational diving instructors and divemasters, on the other hand, are to a greater or lesser extent responsible for the safety of divers under their guidance, and therefore are generally required to be trained and certified to some level of rescue and first aid competence, as defined in the relevant training standards of the certifying body. In many cases this includes certification in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid oxygen administration for diving accidents.

Professional divers
Professional divers usually operate as members of a team with a duty of care for other members of the team. Divers are expected to act as standby divers for other members of the team and the duties of a standby diver include rescue attempts if the working diver gets into difficulties. Consequently, professional divers are generally required to be trained in rescue procedures appropriate to the modes of diving they are certified in, and to administer first aid in emergencies. The specific training, competence and registration for these skills varies, and may be specified by state or national legislation or by industry codes of practice.

Diving supervisors have a similar duty of care, and as they are responsible for operational planning and safety, generally are also expected to manage emergency procedures, including the first aid that may be required. The level of first aid training, competence and certification will generally take this into account.
 * In South Africa, registered commercial and scientific divers must hold current certification in first aid at the national Level 1, with additional training in oxygen administration for diving accidents, and registered diving supervisors must hold Level 2 first aid certification.
 * Offshore diving contractors frequently follow the IMCA recommendations.

Diver medic
A diver medic or diving medical technician is a member of a dive team who is trained in advanced first aid.

A diver medic recognised by IMCA must be capable of administering first aid and emergency treatment, and carrying out the directions of a physician, and be familiar with diving procedures and compression chamber operation. The diver medic must also be able to assist the diving supervisor with decompression procedures, and provide treatment in a hyperbaric chamber in an emergency. The diver medic must hold, at a minimum, a valid certificate of medical fitness to operate in a pressurized environment, and a certificate of medical fitness to dive.

Training standards for diver medic are described in the IMCA Scheme for Recognition of Diver Medic Training.

Ethical and medicolegal issues
Experimental work on human subjects is often ethically and/or legally impracticable. Tests where the endpoint is symptomatic decompression sickness are difficult to authorise and this makes the accumulation of adequate and statistically valid data difficult. The precautionary principle may be applied in the absence of information allowing a realistic assessment of risk. Analysis of investigations into accidents is useful when reliable results are available, which is less often than would be desirable, but privacy concerns prevent a large mount of information potentially useful to the general diving population from being made available to researchers.

Timeline

 * November 1992: The first examination for certification in Undersea Medicine by the American Board of Preventive Medicine.
 * November 1999: The first examination for Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine qualification.

Notable researchers

 * Arthur J. Bachrach
 * Albert R. Behnke
 * Peter B. Bennett
 * Thomas E. Berghage
 * Paul Bert
 * George F. Bond
 * Alf O. Brubakk
 * Albert A. Bühlmann
 * Carl Edmonds
 * William Paul Fife
 * John Scott Haldane
 * Robert William Hamilton Jr.
 * Leonard Erskine Hill
 * Brian Andrew Hills
 * F.J. Keays
 * Christian J. Lambertsen
 * Joseph B. MacInnis
 * Simon Mitchell
 * Richard E. Moon
 * František Novomeský
 * John Rawlins
 * Charles Wesley Shilling
 * Edward D. Thalmann
 * Richard D. Vann
 * James Vorosmarti
 * R.M. Wong
 * Robert D. Workman

Research organisations
Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine: DCIEM is a combined military and civilian research organisation to research the operational needs of the Canadian Forces in all environments.

Divers Alert Network: The Divers Alert Network (DAN) is an international non-profit organization with regional branches supported by donations, grants, and membership dues, for assisting divers in need. The DAN Research department conducts significant medical research on recreational scuba diving safety, and the DAN Medicine Department provides support for divers worldwide to find answers to their diving medical questions.

Diving Diseases Research Centre: The Diving Diseases Research Centre (DDRC) is a British hyperbaric medical organisation located near Derriford Hospital in Plymouth, Devon. It is a registered charity and was established in 1980 to research the effects of diving on human physiology.

The main objective of DDRC is research into diving medicine. The Centre is also an education and training base providing diving medical, clinical and hyperbaric courses.

Diving Medical Advisory Council: DMAC is an independent committee with the purpose of providing advice about medical and safety aspects of commercial diving. They publish guidance notes about various aspects of diving and diving medical practice, and run a scheme for approval of courses in diving medicine.

European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine: The ECHM is an organisation to study and define indications for hyperbaric therapy, research and therapy protocols, standards for therapeutic and technical procedures, equipment and personnel, and related cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness criteria. It is a representative body with the European health authorities, and works toward cooperation among scientific organizations involved in the field of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine.

Membership of the committee includes doctors practicing diving medicine in Northern Europe, representatives of relevant health authorities, medical representatives from relevant navies, and a diving safety officer nominated by the International Marine Contractors Association.

European Underwater and Baromedical Society: The European Underwater and Baromedical Society (EUBS) is a primary source of information for diving and hyperbaric medicine physiology worldwide. The organization was initially formed as the European Underwater and Biomedical Society in 1971.

National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology: The National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology (NBDHMT), formally known as the National Association of Diving Technicians, is a non-profit organization for the education and certification of qualified personnel in the fields of diving and hyperbaric medicine in the US.
 * The Diver Medic Technician (DMT) program is designed to meet the specific medical care needs of commercial, professional and scientific divers that often work in geographic isolation. DMT's are specifically trained for the various diving hazards found at remote work sites. The curriculum covers a wide range of topics from barotrauma to treatment of decompression sickness.
 * The Certified Hyperbaric Technologist (CHT) program is tailored to meet the specific safety and operational needs for biomedical devices within the department, and the necessary knowledge and skills to administer clinical treatment. The curriculum covers a wide range of topics including hyperbaric chamber operations to transcutaneous oxygen monitoring.
 * The Certified Hyperbaric Registered Nurse (CHRN) program is a subspecialty for registered nurses, sometimes referred to as baromedical nurses.

Southern African Underswater and Hyperbaric Medical Association: SAUHMA is a voluntary association recognised as a Special Interest group by the Group Council of the South African Medical Association.

South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society: The South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society (SPUMS) is a primary source of information for diving and hyperbaric medicine physiology worldwide. The organisation supports the study of all aspects of underwater and hyperbaric medicine, provides information on underwater and hyperbaric medicine, publishes a medical journal and holds an annual conference.

SPUMS offers a post-graduate Diploma of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine.

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society: The Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS) is a primary source of information for diving and hyperbaric medicine physiology worldwide.

title: Diving medicine


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User talk:Pollodiablo

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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Talk:Julius Caesar (play)

"The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæs'ar" listed at Redirects for discussion
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Titus Andronicus
The first paragraph currently states: "It is one of four plays written by Shakespeare based on true events from Roman history, the others being Coriolanus, Titus Andronicus, and Antony and Cleopatra."

However, the Titus Andronicus page states "The story of Titus Andronicus is fictional, not historical, unlike Shakespeare's other Roman plays."

This suggests that the first paragraph is wrong and should be amended. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.108.58.216 (talk) 05:26, 22 December 2020 (UTC)

Shakespeare play Julius Caesar is frequently read and performed in modern times. The most famous scene include Julius Caesar assassination. And short report about Julius Caesar death
Shakespeare Julius Caesar 39.52.244.84 (talk) 07:27, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Julius Caesar (play)


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User talk:JRye

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title: User talk:JRye


text:
User talk:DonQuixote87

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 20:25, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Canadian Death Penalty
No problem. I added alot of the dates, though mostly from lists and so I don't really know much about individual countries. I had to check when you changed the date which one was correct for our purposes. But remember to be bold when editing. Evil Monkey → Talk 02:37, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Streetniks.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Streetniks.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Streetniks.gif
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title: User talk:DonQuixote87


text:
Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser

A vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL) is a small semiconductor laser similar to a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). VECSELs are used primarily as near infrared devices in laser cooling and spectroscopy, but have also been explored for applications such as telecommunications.

Comparisons with VCSELs
Unlike a VCSEL, in which two high-reflecting mirrors are incorporated into the laser structure to form the optical cavity, in a VECSEL one of the two mirrors is external to the diode structure. As a result, the cavity includes a free-space region. A typical distance from the diode to the external mirror would be 1 cm. Several workers demonstrated optically pumped VECSELs, and they continue to be developed for many applications including very high power diode laser sources for use in industrial machining (cutting, punching, etc.) because of their unusually high power (see below) and efficiency when pumped by multi-mode diode laser bars. These lasers are in the process of challenging conventional high power lasers such as solid state (e.g., Nd:YAG) and carbon dioxide lasers for machining operations.

However, electrically pumped VECSELs (another matter entirely), were the brainchild of Aram Mooradian, an engineer known for fundamental contributions to diode laser linewidth studies, who worked for many years at MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts. Mooradian formed a company, Novalux, Inc., which was the first to demonstrate VECSELs (which they called "NECSELs"). Applications for electrically pumped VECSELs include frequency doubling of near-IR VECSEL emitters to attain compact powerful sources of single-mode blue and green light for projection display purposes.

Semiconductor gain
One of the most interesting features of any VECSEL is the thinness of the semiconductor gain region in the direction of propagation, less than 100 nm. In contrast, a conventional in-plane semiconductor laser entails light propagation over distances of from 250 μm upward to 2 mm or longer. The significance of the short propagation distance is that it minimizes the effect of "antiguiding" nonlinearities (the same phenomenon is coincidentally quantified by the linewidth enhancement factor relating to Mooradian's above-mentioned earlier work) in the diode laser gain region. The result is a large-cross-section single-mode optical beam which is not attainable from in-plane (a.k.a. "edge-emitting") diode lasers.

In a VECSEL, the external mirror permits a significantly greater area of the diode to participate in generating light in a single mode, resulting in much higher power than otherwise attainable. Monolithic VCSELs emit powers in the low milliwatt range. By contrast, at the 2004 Optical Society of America "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics," held in San Francisco, California, one company (Coherent, Inc.) announced 45 watt continuous wave single-mode emission from an optically pumped VECSEL. Numerous other companies and organizations worldwide have adopted the optically pumped architecture for its simplicity.


text:
List of rural municipalities in Manitoba

A rural municipality (RM) is a type of incorporated municipality in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Under the province's Municipal Act of 1997, an area must have a minimum population of 1,000 and a density of less than 400 PD/km2 to incorporate as a rural municipality. Manitoba has 98 RMs, which had a cumulative population of 301,438 as of the 2016 Census. This is a decrease from 116 RMs prior to January 1, 2015, when municipalities with less than 1,000 people were directed by the provincial government to amalgamate with adjoining municipalities to comply with the Municipal Act.

The most and least populated RMs as of the 2016 census are Hanover and Victoria Beach with populations of 15,733 and 398 respectively. East St. Paul is the most densely populated RM at 223.2 PD/km2 The largest and smallest RMs in terms of geography are Reynolds and Victoria Beach with land areas of 3572.13 km2 and 20.26 km2 respectively.

List

 * Notes
 * *Municipal or administrative offices are located in an adjacent independent city, town or village that is outside the jurisdiction of the rural municipality.

Former rural municipalities

 * Notes


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Talk:Anachronox

Cover image
Considering this is the English Wikipedia do we really need to include a non-English version of the game's cover in the infobox? It seems to me to be unnecessarily cluttering it. -- Grandpafootsoldier 07:48, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The United States is not the only country with English-speaking citizens. Nifboy 09:27, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but that isn't a good enough reason to have two images of the same box cover - especially in the front infobox. Why don't we add the Italian-language version, or the French? Why not the Australian version of the box? There are English-speakers in those countries too the last time I checked. -- Grandpafootsoldier 03:54, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, ah, France and Italy are both in Europe, and Australia used the same box design too. - 219.194.176.27 22:33, 10 January 2007 (UTC)
 * No one has adressed grandpafootsoldier's original question have they? This is the english wikipedia, but their is a picture of a non english box cover. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.78.84.7 (talk) 06:52, 20 January 2007 (UTC).
 * I removed it. There's no reason for a non-English cover; the game is of American origin and is most widely known with English text. — TKD::Talk 11:42, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

Anachronox DVD Link
I know for a fact that the DVD of the Anachronox Movie has been released, but I am unable to locate a link for said DVD. If someone could find one it would be a good addition to the article as the DVD is mentioned but is not linked to, only the original machinima. Cpuwhiz11 00:21, 6 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Not sure, but an XviD compilation of all the segments is available on the internet archive. Unfortunately, it just looks like the guy who did the encoding for the old MPEGs just spliced them together and re-encoded... odd bugs where the clips transition and such. It's a shame the quality is so bad... I'd love to see a HD version. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 02:29, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I uploaded my copy of the DVD ISO images here.
 * SHA256 checksums:
 * 42c35b16e94b59b931eee6b02a3b0e5a4a04886e8275b59516a61f0464f3d249 anox_dvd_disc1_scn.iso
 * 01437dea30017bc1b5ba9fa3fe41ce6812247435b0ace19660224c72bde1e5a7 anox_dvd_disc2_scn.iso
 * Some history: A DVD version of the Anachronox Movie was released in 2006 by Jake Hughes over BitTorrent with the link publicly announced on the Planet Anachronox forums. Some metadata are still evident here (though the announcement itself, apparently originally available here may unfortunately be gone). I since lost the original files I had downloaded back then but still have DVDs I had burned from them. The folder I linked above contains images of these DVDs. 2003:D6:8725:8300:D17A:474A:F2B4:2B9F (talk) 10:30, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

The DVD version orginally created by Jake Strider Hughes will be availible on the Anachrodox website soon. I am having to download another copy of the first DVD since mine had become scratched and I am unable to make an ISO of it. 65.65.224.204 (talk) 13:10, 24 September 2008 (UTC)Creaper

"Unofficial" patches
Should the "unofficial" patches and builds be mentioned, perhaps at least in the infobox? I think that 1.01 was the only official patch but 3rd party patches to improve stability and features are released, such as "build 44", 45, and 46. People looking the game up might be interested.
 * I would agree, especially as two of the patches were done by a programmer who worked on the game. Maybe not put it in the infobox, as its not an official release, but definately put it in the article somewhere. Cpuwhiz11 (talk) 23:09, 23 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Absolutely merits mentioning, especially as the new patches caused quite a stir in the Anox fan scene. As to whether it should be in the infobox, I think something like Version: 1.01 (official)(line break) xxx (3rd party) —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 02:27, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Anachronox on multicore
On dual core machines Anachronox can run extremely choppy. The following worked very well on my machine: http://www.instantfundas.com/2007/08/set-cpu-affinity-improve-multitasking.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.140.4.174 (talk) 13:12, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * That's a pretty typical problem with games of this era. I don't think it merits mentioning in the article... if that was your intent. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 18:12, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

Error
"The story was to be completed in the sequel, but the game was a commercial failure, which contributed to the dissolution of Ion Storm." - this is not true. They were dissolved almost immediately after the game's release, which was too soon to determine if the game was a success or failure or not. If anything the reverse is true- some people at Ion Storm went on record saying that they didn't care if you pirated the game, because they weren't seeing a dime anyway. Unfortunately those quotes are now lost to the mists of time. Webrunner (talk) 19:11, 24 March 2008 (UTC)
 * You raise a good point, Webrunner. Given that someone had placed a fact tag on the statement since Nov 2007 (and it is still there) and that your argument has been here in Discussion for 3 months without counterpoints being raised, I have gone ahead and removed the statement in question.  --DavidGC (talk) 09:47, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Anachrodox and the archive.org links
A user, 65.65.224.204, made a remark at my editor review page that the External links section could use some discussion. Namely, the link to the Anachrodox project and the links to Archive.org resources. I hope this helps explain my reasoning behind the changes I made! —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 23:14, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
 * While I'm not going to comment on whether linking to Anachrodox violates WP:ELNO at this time, I do believe that the tagline is perfectly acceptable as-is. It's entirely unnecessary to refer to it as an updated version of a documentation project, nor is it appropriate to refer to its maintainer or creator (who is only known by a pseudonym). The description, that it is an "Anachronox editing documentation project" is succinct and descriptive without omitting any important details.
 * Another concern was whether linking to Anachronox: The Movie or the Anachronox trailer at Archive.org violates WP:NOTLINK. I'm not entirely sure what exactly in that guideline these links violate, but I am reasonably confident that they do not violate WP:ELNO, and that they reasonably meet WP:ELYES, especially #3 and #4.

I never said the changes you made were unjustified. I just don't feel you should claim credit for correcting any mistakes when all you did was change "the mistake" back to say what I had originally posted it to say. I feel we should come to ultimatum to what it says. "An Anachronox editing documentation project " offends me since I have been working on this project for seven years, and it sounds like '"An" one of many others', yet I am the only one. There was only one short lived other who dropped out three years ago. And as too: "refer to its maintainer or creator (who is only known by a pseudonym)." You obviously know nothing about Anachronox, although you proclaim yourself as an Anachronox fan "To come: Anachronox- I love this game " as my real name is posted throughout Anachronox's history since it's release, on various forumns and the Anachrodox. You pseudonym you. :) To obmiting my name "nor is it appropriate to refer to its maintainer or creator" would that not be the same as leaving out Jakes name in " Jake Hughes independently combined the game's cut-scenes into a feature-length film" Although I could care less if my name is left out of the Wikipedia. Just a point. 65.65.224.204 (talk) 00:55, 25 September 2008 (UTC)William Johnson aka: creaper
 * (ec) First of all, I'm sorry, but I believe you've misunderstood my edit summary; my meaning of "fixing" wasn't of "repairing" but of "improving" or "making". However, I don't see the need to degenerate to personal attacks- my personal knowledge of the subject is not an issue here. From what I understand, you may have a substantial conflict of interest when it comes to this project, and may be operating under some misunderstandings of how Wikipedia works. First of all, Wikipedia is not a soapbox, that is, it's not a place where you can promote your involvement with this modding documentation project, nor to promote the project itself. Unless you are notable yourself ("notable" here referring to the criteria set out in Wikipedia's notability guidelines for creative professionals), your name or pseudonym isn't appropriate. Whether there are or were other documentation projects is immaterial; the fact that this one is even included in this article is evidence enough that it's a significant project (though, as I said before, I'm not at this time going to question whether it doesn't fail WP:ELNO). If you still disagree with me, you're more than welcome to seek a third opinion at the third opinion noticeboard. And as to Jake Hughes, his compilation has garnered significant media attention, and is not really an appropriate comparison. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 01:17, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

I wasn't trying to degenerate to personal attacks. I apologize for my misunderstanding your editing tactics. My trying to maintain the Anachrodox link here on Wikipedia has been attacked before by people lacking any sort of knowledge of Anachronox, and I felt you may be another one. As to: "and may be operating under some misunderstandings of how Wikipedia works" coinsides with your "personal knowledge of the subject is not an issue here". :P My main perpose is to make sure the remnants of Anachronox MODing continues, which at this point is the Anachrodox. To the links. I don't feel the link to the Anachronox trailer should be listed since that trailer and others are on the Anachrodox website. And you made this inappropriate post in accordance to the talk: Anachronox DVD Link . Personally I don't think the link to Moby games should be listed either since it has no pertinent data concerning Anachronox. A simple description of the game can be found anywhere, and a better discription of the game can be found here on Wikipedia.

As to your statement "(though, as I said before, I'm not at this time going to question whether it doesn't fail WP:ELNO)." None of the material I have created or any material contributed to the Anachrodox violates this. If you or anyone else states and can prove that any of the material within the Anachrodox does violate copyright laws I will immediately remove stated documentation and or tools.65.65.224.204 (talk) 01:39, 25 September 2008 (UTC)creaper
 * Well, as I said, I'm not evaluating that at this time. I suspect that at this point it's appropriate for inclusion in the external links section, but I don't think it explicitly meets WP:ELYES. As to everything else, I can appreciate your motives, having worked on some rather time-consuming projects myself. Also, I wholeheartedly disagree with your analysis of the Anachronox: The Movie situation. As a public-domain or otherwise free resource, I think it's quite appropriate to link out to it. Content at Archive.org quite widely passes the tenets in WP:ELNO, and this content in particular meets WP:ELYES. —/M endaliv /2¢/Δ's/ 07:10, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

The Anachrodox is now gone and falls under http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:EL#Longevity_of_links 65.65.224.45 (talk) 02:31, 28 September 2008 (UTC)creaper

Reference material
While digging through the online print archive, I located the following print preview material for this game: One or more print reviews for this game may also be found in the archive. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 10:01, 29 September 2010 (UTC)
 * PC Gamer US Preview ✓
 * Computer Gaming World Preview ✓
 * Computer Games Magazine Preview ✓
 * Computer Games Magazine Preview ✓
 * Computer Games Magazine Preview ✓
 * Computer Games Magazine Feature ✓
 * Next Generation Magazine Preview ✓
 * Found this ✓, too. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 20:31, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I've decided to get this article going, and these will absolutely help. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  18:47, 4 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Going to go ahead and list any sources I can't find fulltext for here:
 * Computer & Video Games UK - Anachronox Review ✓
 * PC Zone UK ✓ (plus preview here) ✓
 * Electric Playground ✓
 * Computer Games Mag ✓
 * 3-D HIGH AND RISING.Detail Only Available By: Ostroff, Joshua. RES Magazine, Sep/Oct2004, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p30-30, 1/2p Subjects: MACHINIMA films; MOTION pictures -- Production & direction; Motion Picture and Video Production; VIDEO games; THREE-dimensional imaging; ROGUE Farm (Film); ANACHRONOX: The Movie (Film); KILLER Robot (Film) Database: Art & Architecture Complete
 * Anachronox - Australian Personal Computer; Nov2001, Issue 275, p132, 1/9p, 1 Color Photograph
 * Anachronox - Morris, Daniel, Knibbe, Willem. PC Games. San Mateo: Feb 1999. Vol. 6, Iss. 2; p. 62 (5 pages)
 * Quandary
 * PC Gameplay
 * Game Blitz
 * Edge Magazine (Feb 2003; request to X201 outstanding)
 * Irish Player
 * Game Informer
 * Next LEvel Gaming
 * Tech TV
 * Gaming Illustrated
 * Next Generation
 * Media & Games Online
 * Gamers Pulse
 * PC Gameworld
 * Gamespot UK
 * PC gamer (April 2001, December 2003; request to Twas Now outsantding for April only)
 * Game Power
 * Next Generation Coverage (May/Dec 1999, Oct 2001; request to Mitaphane outstanding)
 * Not sure if it exists: Gamewizards feature mentioned here
 * After a little digging, I found nothing. I think we can give up hope on this one. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 08:15, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I just thought I'd post some more stuff I found on this game via the Wayback Machine:
 * 19 pages of Tom Hall's official blog at the time on ION Storm's site—mostly gibberish, but I spotted development info here and there ✓
 * An interview with Anachronox's lead programmer on the official ION Storm site ✓
 * This page, which may hold more useful information beyond what I already linked to ✓
 * The site's news archive ✓
 * The site overall ✓

I hope they don't eat into your editing time too much; it'd be a shame to lose this momentum. In other news, I found this interview ✓, this quote-ridden 2010 feature ✓, and this preview ✓. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 04:50, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Hopefully, these help. As I said on WPVG's talk page, it's great to see this article being worked on. I realized later that you, Zeality, were the one behind the Chrono GT. You also copyedited System Shock for me in 2007; that really helped me out. Anyway, I'll see if I can dig up more on this game, and I'll post again here if I do. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 10:59, 9 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The amount of information on this game is truly staggering. VoodooExtreme interview ✓, RPGVault interview ✓, IGN interview ✓, GameSpot interview ✓. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 05:31, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * GameSpy interview ✓. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 05:40, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * PC Gamer US ✓, undefined ✓ and UK ✓ top 100 lists that rank Anachronox. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 06:03, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * A TON of interviews at PlanetAnachronox ✓. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 06:26, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Hah...with all this, perhaps we can outdo The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest, my last article. (It's in FAC if you ever stop by, by the way; last attempt died from inactivity.) I hadn't realized there'd be so much information. With the real world component fine-tuned and polished, making a killer plot/characters section would be straightforward, and we'd have one of the greatest WP:VG articles ever written on our hands. I can't wait. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  07:46, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I wish I could do more than just find sources. Anachronox is one of those games that I've always wanted to play, but haven't managed to yet—and I avoid reading about it for fear of "spoilers". When I actually finish the game, this soon-to-be-legendary article will be the first place I go. I'll continue to dig up material, though, so I can make myself useful in at least some way. As for Johnny Quest, I'd already noticed that it was up, but its incredible size and depth of content scared me away. Maybe I'll give it another shot tonight, and tell you what I think on the FAC page. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 08:20, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Time crunches are looming again, but I feel a definite sense of purpose with this article. I'm sure Tom Hall would find it a treat to see it down the road. (Second edit) I also found this, but it seems all the posts weren't archived, which is terrible. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  03:40, 11 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The .plan files are archived here ✓. Some of them are dead links, but hopefully there's something worthwhile in there. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 21:23, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The full archived history of Hall's file ✓
 * Full history of Liaw's ✓
 * You get the idea. I don't know which of the other .plan files relate specifically to Anachronox team members, so I'll leave that to you. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 21:33, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * IGN news archive ✓, GameSpot news archive ✓, Anachronox official site, with diary updates ✓. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 21:53, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't even know if these are reliable sources, but I thought I'd post them anyway: 3DNews interview with Tom Hall ✓, 3DNews preview ✓, GA-RPG Development Update with Lee Perry ✓. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 22:03, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

Gamerankings
After writing the reception section, I came to realize that Gamerankings is really a crappy, faulty, subjective amalgation of scores from a few legitimate and a lot of non-notable sources. I removed this sentence: The title garnered an average review score of 80% as calculated by Game Rankings. . Are there any better score aggregators out there? I guess rottentomatoes stopped doing games, right? ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  02:50, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Nice finds. I've been pretty bogged down recently, both on- and off-Wikipedia, and haven't been searching for more Anachronox material. Hopefully, we can both soon find the time for the article, as it's progressed so impressively already. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 08:21, 20 December 2010 (UTC)
 * This looks like a separate, original design diary. I'm glad the old Ion Storm news feed mentioned it existed; took a while to find it. Sadly, this press page seems to have never been completed. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  15:16, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Question mill
Putting all questions that may impact the article here.

 * Developers ✓

These developers left in 1998: Matt Hooper, Sverre Kvernmo, Will Loconto, Mike Maynard, Mark Morgan, David Namaksy, Steve Rescoe and Jonathan Wright. I'm not sure which is the Anachronox programmer who departed. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  06:06, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * - Is that helpful? I'm still digging around, but I thought I'd post that. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 06:11, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Scratch that. . JimmyBlackwing (talk) 06:12, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Sweet. Yeah, the Joey Liaw thing was a different story, but still one that we needed a good, solid source for. He helped code the unofficial patches to fix the game after release, so we'll definitely pick up on that. Looks like Namasky is our other guy. I wonder how many maps he finished before leaving, because Anachronox has some beautiful interiors. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  07:16, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Story officially halved ✓

This states that PC Format reported that Anachronox was halved in 2000 (this was demonstrably true given the finished storyline). Guess we should track down the original PC Format article if possible, though. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  21:04, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The article was posted on PC Format's site here. However, that link is dead, and it was never archived by the Wayback Machine. Essentially, it's gone forever. This Blue's News article reports on the PC Format piece, and takes a small quote from it. Here is Blue's News' follow up on that article. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 21:17, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Professional screenwriters ✓

 * This asserts that professional screenwriters would be brought in to polish dialogue. Were they? (Darn, I really need to learn more about the team behind this game.) ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  06:49, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I can't find anything on this. My guess is "no", but that's not really helpful. You could say that it was "planned", without specifying what happened, if you want to include it. Also, did the above links answer the other question, or do I need to do more digging? JimmyBlackwing (talk) 07:01, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm guessing at this point the screenwriter brought on may have been Richard Gaubert, the one mentioned by Eiserloh in his .plan (concerning the story cutting). Circumstances seem to match. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  22:53, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * After glancing at this, I'm inclined to agree. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 23:11, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Redacted article ✓

Do you think this was intentionally written that way? From playing the game, I can identify about 10-15% of the things he's talking about, so I imagine that it was genuinely written first. Well, anyhow, perhaps we can write Hall later on and see if he can provide a better version. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  22:22, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I think it's a joke entry. Also, if it was altered after posting, it would have happened between January 16 and 21—the posting date, and when it was first archived. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 22:33, 12 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Story cites ✓

I'm used to having a full script at my command to cite the plot section of a video game article, but no such luck here, as a lot of the big revelations in Anachronox are in spoken-word cut scenes. Still, story sections usually don't even need cites, right? Do you think we'll encounter any resistance over it? ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  06:57, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
 * There might be some complaints, unfortunately. Story sections don't need citations across most of Wikipedia, but with video games, there's a kind of unwritten rule about it with some people. However, Tales of Monkey Island recently passed FAC, and its plot is cited exclusively with the games themselves. You might consider creating such a citation for the Anachronox plot section, and just placing it at the bottom of each paragraph. That might take the heat off. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 17:23, 11 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Went ahead and made some key citations. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  00:20, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Sales figures ✓

It's that annoying time in the life of every video game article again—the search for reliable sales figures. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  17:16, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * This is bizarrely difficult. I'm having trouble even finding a general "it sold badly" comment. Hopefully, we can pull something together. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 00:47, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The two Escapist Magazine articles (and interviews with Tom Hall) have done pretty well to support the bad sales and marketing. I'll go ahead and checkmark this one for now; sales figures would still be amazing to come by if anyone knows where to find them. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  00:21, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Funk number credits

This is mind-blowingly sad, but I found the name of the band who did the two funk numbers in the game last summer and have forgotten it. I'm having a hard time finding it now. For a while I thought it might have been a Bill Brown side project, but my memories were correct, and it was a Dallas band. We'll have to find their name sooner or later. One of the songs was named "Blind Ambition" (no vocals in the game), and the other is mandance.mp3, used for Sly's male erotic dancing routine (and again for Stiletto's dance, with lyrics this time. No hits for the lyrics on Google). ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  22:43, 12 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I can't find anything. Hopefully, it turns up somehow. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 09:04, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Extracting three links from a Flash file

This has five links to previews. The first three automatically redirect to 404 or other pages, and I can't seem to catch the URL after opening them, nor can one copy URL through flash. There's probably a really easy solution to this, but just moving ahead... ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  15:19, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

 * "Anachronox Prime"

This is the alleged name of the planned sequel. Only source on the net I can find for this is this Shacknews review, which alludes to interviews with the Anachronox team. "Anachronox Prime" was put on an older version of this article after that, and every other Internet source seems to have just quoted the old Wikipedia article when referencing the game. Can we find the interview where they call it Anachronox Prime? (I never saw it during the huge crawl for sources...) ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  00:20, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

Complete final missing sources list
.plan file links which may contain bits of info, but have Wayback machine data retrieval failures:

 * Tom Hall
 * Squirrel
 * Henrik
 * Rich
 * Larry
 * Lee Perry

Reviews and features:

 * 3-D HIGH AND RISING.Detail Only Available By: Ostroff, Joshua. RES Magazine, Sep/Oct2004, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p30-30, 1/2p Subjects: MACHINIMA films; MOTION pictures -- Production & direction; Motion Picture and Video Production; VIDEO games; THREE-dimensional imaging; ROGUE Farm (Film); ANACHRONOX: The Movie (Film); KILLER Robot (Film) Database: Art & Architecture Complete
 * Anachronox - Australian Personal Computer; Nov2001, Issue 275, p132, 1/9p, 1 Color Photograph
 * Anachronox - Morris, Daniel, Knibbe, Willem. PC Games. San Mateo: Feb 1999. Vol. 6, Iss. 2; p. 62 (5 pages)
 * Another World - Characters, Locales worth the trip in 'Anachronox' - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - August 31, 2001 by Jonathan D. Silver
 * Quandary
 * PC Gameplay
 * Game Blitz
 * Edge Magazine (Feb 2003; request to X201 outstanding)
 * Irish Player
 * A victim of robots.txt. I think we can count this one out. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 23:41, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Game Informer
 * This used to be online, but the Wayback Machine didn't archive it. However, it did archive the page that says which issue it appeared in. Mitaphane has the October 2001 issue of Game Informer; he just didn't list its contents in the Reference library. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 23:25, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Next LEvel Gaming
 * Tech TV
 * Gaming Illustrated
 * Next Generation
 * Media & Games Online
 * Gamers Pulse
 * PC Gameworld
 * Gamespot UK - appears to be the same as the GSUS review
 * Also found this GSUK preview, which we may-or-may-not already have. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 00:19, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * PC gamer (April 2001, December 2003; request to Twas Now outsantding for April only)
 * Game Power
 * Site went under just after reviewing Anachronox, and didn't give the Wayback Machine enough time to archive it. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 00:19, 2 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Next Generation Coverage (May/Dec 1999, Oct 2001; request to Mitaphane outstanding)
 * Not sure if it exists: Gamewizards feature mentioned here
 * After a little digging, I found nothing. I think we can give up hope on this one. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 08:15, 15 December 2010 (UTC)
 * EP Radio interview with Tom Hall (ASX link on site works, but Anachronox.wma lost to the sands of time)
 * GA-RPG feature, can't seem to find a workable archive
 * I couldn't find one with that URL, either, but would that happen to be this article? JimmyBlackwing (talk) 21:39, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Probably is, yeah. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  22:10, 1 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Lilith & Eve interview linked at the bottom of this page
 * Found this with Google, but I can't unlock its secrets—if it has any. Otherwise, as with all audio/video files requiring the Wayback Machine, this can be counted out. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 00:25, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Stuff behind a paywall:

 * IGN Screenshots (apparently these "super hi-res" screenshots require becoming an IGN Insider)

Automated Peer Review
Suggestions generated by an automatic JavaScript program, and might not be applicable for the article in question. You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. 陣 内 Jinnai 03:32, 12 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Please expand the lead to conform with guidelines at Lead. The article should have an appropriate number of paragraphs as is shown on WP:LEAD, and should adequately summarize the article.[?]
 * Consider adding more links to the article; per Manual of Style (links) and Build the web, create links to relevant articles.[?]
 * As per Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates), dates shouldn't use th; for example, instead of (if such appeared in the article) using January 30th was a great day, use January 30 was a great day.[?]
 * This article may need to undergo summary style, where a series of appropriate subpages are used. For example, if the article is United States, then an appropriate subpage would be History of the United States, such that a summary of the subpage exists on the mother article, while the subpage goes into more detail.[?]
 * The script has spotted the following contractions: can't, can't, isn't, don't, can't, can't, haven't, won't, wasn't, didn't, won't, didn't, hasn't, if these are outside of quotations, they should be expanded.
 * Please ensure that the article has gone through a thorough copyediting so that it exemplifies some of Wikipedia's best work. See also User:Tony1/How to satisfy Criterion 1a.[?]

"poorly marketed"
I didn't find the phrase "poorly marketed" outside the lead. So I assume by "final section of Development" it is meant that "millions were spent on the game, tens of thousands on advertising". The two phrases are not equivalent, however: First of all, Marketing is not the same as Advertising (see also Marketing mix). Secondly, someone saying that he was disappointed with the advertising is not the same as it being a fact that the advertising was poor (an absolute value judgement that the lead claims to be a fact). And thirdly, just because citations are not needed in the lead when they are in the body, it doesn't mean that all citation requests in the lead are automatically invalid. Something like "its development costs far exceeded the advertising expenditures" would be sticking to the facts, as would e. g. "the developers were disappointed with the advertising support from the publisher"; perhaps someone can phrase either of these more succinctly Nczempin (talk) 01:25, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

I think this article is ready to have a Good Article Nomination
I've done some polishing and I think that the main editor(s) should nominate it for GAN by now; there doesn't seem to be any more issues with the article-SCB '92 (talk) 11:35, 13 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Zeality doesn't usually go for GAN--he prefers a straight PR to FAC progression. He's been coming and going from this article for a few months, and I expect that he'll be back soon to put it through FAC. Nothing to worry about. JimmyBlackwing (talk) 00:31, 14 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Funny, I would nominate this article for deletion. Outside of a highly niche audience, nobody will ever care about this game; not to the level of detail presented. The game itself wasn't as mired in minutae as this article. Good article? Not on your life. JeffTracy (talk) 11:56, 1 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes, in fact, we should delete anything that isn't Halo 4 or Black Ops 2. There's just no way a non-notable game such as Anachronox generated 168 sources in the contemporary gaming press (not counting the dead links we couldn't retrieve). The reference section is actually an elaborate hoax! ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  08:17, 24 December 2012 (UTC)

Ellipses
Saw this nominated at GAN and on a quick skim noticed some MOS:ELLIPSIS compliance issues. I don't have the sources in front of me, so I don't know whether these ellipses were placed for omitted text or if they're in the sources themselves, but anyway, check the ellipses used in this article against the MOS. czar ♔  04:04, 19 January 2014 (UTC)

Industrial
Looks like I'm back again (didn't remember being here in the first place). The fair use audio clip is described in its caption as "industrial", but I don't think that's correct. Maybe industrial as in sounding like machines, but that's way different from "industrial music". (Pinging our resident industrialist) czar  ♔  06:01, 9 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Well for right now I took industrial out of the caption. GamerPro64  15:33, 9 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Good edit. That audio clip has nothing to do with industrial music. Thanks for the ping. —Torchiest talkedits 05:38, 10 February 2014 (UTC)
 * So it isn't industrial music. Very good to know that. So it raises the question of what type of music it is then since this concern was raised at GAN. GamerPro64  02:26, 11 February 2014 (UTC)
 * What do the RS say? czar  ♔  05:58, 11 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Well there's a quote from creator Tom Hall with him saying "The Anachronox sound will be industrial, mixed with forties bluesy swing. As you get on later in the game, the music gets scarier, more chaotic, and gets down to hard-core metal". So it makes it sound like there's more than one musical style the game has. GamerPro64  18:54, 11 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Hm. Maybe. Mentioned this above, but he might have meant "industrial" as in "like machines"—still works as phrased, but probably isn't the best choice of words considering the genre of music by the same name. czar  ♔  23:03, 11 February 2014 (UTC)
 * It could be that other parts of the soundtrack are industrial in the "industrial music" sense, but that particular clip isn't. It's essentially cinematic orchestral. Of course, that's just my opinion. ;) It might not be so easy to label one clip with Hall's quote listing so many distinct styles. —Torchiest talkedits 22:59, 12 February 2014 (UTC)
 * So I have an idea for changing the caption. How about the caption saying "A 30 second sample of Anox_Democratus, illustrating one of the game's many musical styles"? GamerPro64  18:39, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Would it be possible to find out and mention where in the game that music plays? —Torchiest talkedits 03:01, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
 * To be honest, I don't see why the fair use clip is necessary at all... Is it crucial to understanding any aspect of the article that can't be explained in prose? czar  ♔  03:40, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
 * You might be right. If this game uses different types of styles, what's the point of having a clip to a song if there's no theme in the song selection? It doesn't illustrate what the music is as a whole so there's no possible purpose overall. GamerPro64  03:46, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I didn't want to rock the boat, seeing as how I wasn't really a participant on this article before now, but that's pretty much how I feel. It doesn't do anything for the article, it doesn't add to the reader's understanding, especially since it can't be backed up with any references or real context (as far as we know), and it wouldn't be missed. —Torchiest talkedits 05:39, 15 February 2014 (UTC)

There was a review that specifically mentioned the Democratus theme, but it seems to have been removed as an unreliable source. If at all possible we need to justify including a sample of the game's music. We only have three fair-use images; a fourth is completely in line with normal expectations for a featured article, unless guidelines have changed dramatically. Chrono Trigger and Chrono Cross have had music since their promotion tying into favorable reception for the games' scores. Anachronox's music really is oddball. This quote ties with the song's style—"The music is what you would expect if the bastard love child Yanni and Enya cut an album with John Tesh. It's eerily soothing, in a cure for insomnia kind of way." The game's score differs significantly from traditional chiptunes/orchestral formats that reign in the industry. If our only reason for removing is copyright paranoia, I'd rather not see it go. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  18:35, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Surely you see directly above your post that the clip was removed because it had no use in the article and not due to copyright paranoia. If there's a track that a RS explains in detail that would necessitate an audio clip, fine by me. If the concern is just varying the page's media, perhaps try contacting the composer to see if he'll relicense either a clip or a demo not used in the final production. czar  ♔  18:46, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Well, if it must be done for an FA push, fine. I left a note for Bill Brown on his Facebook page asking if it'd be remotely possible to grab something else for us. Also tweeted Tom Hall; hopefully he checks his mentions. ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  13:41, 18 February 2014 (UTC)

FA
Do articles need to be certified "A" before an FA push these days? In the past, it seemed like video game FAs always struggled most with third-party sources and the usual copyediting rigor, but after the GA trimming this article is probably loaded to go. How long do you feel a push is off? ZeaLitY [  Talk  -  Activity  ]  16:32, 10 March 2014 (UTC)
 * No, there's no "A" requirement to be a FA. (one doesn't even need to go from GA to FA, a B level article can be nom'ed for FA). The A, B, C, etc standard is set by the WIkiproject, but GA and FA reflect wiki-wide quality control. --M ASEM (t) 16:35, 10 March 2014 (UTC)

The Movie
"The work was considered machinima's first feature-length production". Well, we have an article about an earlier four-hour film called The Seal of Nehahra. Should I remove this remark, or add that the sources are wrong and simply did not know about Nehahra? --Serpinium (talk) 15:52, 27 August 2015 (UTC)
 * The latter is probably true but the way to state that, given that we are already using language that makes this the consideration of the sources and not necessarily fact, is something ", though the less-known film The Seal of Nehahra predated the movie)" or something like that. --M ASEM (t) 16:19, 27 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Done. --Serpinium (talk) 21:06, 27 August 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Anachronox