text:
Ekatarina Velika

Ekatarina Velika (Екатарина Велика), sometimes referred to as EKV (ЕКВ) for short, was a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band from Belgrade, being one of the most successful and influential Yugoslav music acts.

Initially called Katarina II (Катарина II), the band had built up a devoted following that greatly intensified and expanded after the death of its frontman Milan Mladenović in 1994, which caused the band to dissolve. The group's core consisted of singer and guitarist Milan Mladenović, keyboardist Margita Stefanović and bassist Bojan Pečar, with other members mostly remaining for comparatively shorter periods.

Katarina II
In February 1982, following the disbandment of Šarlo Akrobata, 24-year-old guitarist and vocalist Milan Mladenović decided to form a new band with an old friend — 22-year-old guitarist Gagi Mihajlović. Playing music together again after being bandmates a few years earlier at Limunovo Drvo, Mladenović and Mihajlović decided to name their new band Katarina II after Mihajlović's unrequited love — a girl named Katarina. Rounding out Katarina II's inaugural lineup were Dušan Dejanović (another former Limunovo Drvo member) on drums and Zoran "Švaba" Radomirović on bass guitar.

During late 1982, after their performance at the Topčiderska zvezda cinema, the band was joined by the 23-year-old classically trained pianist Margita Stefanović. Shortly after, the rhythm section left with Radomirović joining Du Du A and Dejanović going over to heated rivals Disciplina Kičme.

The vacant drummer position was filled by Branko "Mango" Kuštrin (formerly of Grupa I), but after he left within a month, Milan's former bandmate from Šarlo Akrobata Ivan "VD" Vdović became the new drummer. At the same time, in early 1983, Bojan Pečar (former VIA Talas bassist) joined on bass. In spring 1983, the band took part in Zagreb Biennale, receiving positive reviews. Their material for the debut album material was recorded soon after, featuring guest appearance by actor Svetislav Goncić on tin whistles. The recording sessions for the material were completed in Enco Lesić's Druga Maca studio, however, the material was unusable due to a variety of reasons, most of them having to do with the studio's inferior technical equipment.

The following year, the band took the offer from fellow musician and RTV Ljubljana's musical director Srđan Marjanović of re-recording their debut album material in the state-owned media company's studios. Katarina II's eponymous debut album was thus released in 1984 by RTV Ljubljana's in-house record label ZKP RTLJ. Mostly featuring Mladenović's lyrics, except for the Mihajlović-written tracks "Vrt" ("The Garden") and "Platforme" ("The Platforms"), while the music was a collaboration between the two, the material was produced by Đorđe Petrović featuring guest appearances by Mario Čelik on congas and Film member Jurij "Kuzma Videosex" Novoselić on saxophone. Only 3,000 copies of the album were released, indicative of label's low commercial expectations. Though it got good reviews, receiving praise for successfully linking Mladenović's descriptive lyrical sensibility with the energetic new wave sound on tracks like "Aut" ("Out"), "Jesen" ("Autumn"), "Radostan dan" ("A Joyful Day"), "Treba da se čisti" ("It Ought To Be Cleaned"), "Ja znam" ("I Know"), Katarina II album was not a commercial success. In a 1985 interview Mladenović complained about the album's poor sound quality, as well as what he felt to be lack of support from the label.

Soon after their debut album, the band went through more lineup changes amid disagreements and personality clashes between Mladenović and Mihajlović. Mihajlović also ran afoul of the law — a transgression that got him a jail stint — and after serving the punishment got informed by the rest of the band he was no longer a Katarina II member. However, since Mihajlović claimed rights to the "Katarina II" name, he forced the band into using another one. Later he collaborated with Vlada Divljan before moving to the United States where he has been residing ever since. Additionally, drummer Vdović left due to drug abuse problems, later joining Du Du A and the band Heroji, being replaced by the former Luna drummer Ivan "Firchie" Fece. The remaining members continued working as Ekatarina Velika, after Catherine II of Russia, or EKV for short. Due to constant SFR Yugoslavia-wide touring, with frequent stops in Belgrade, Zagreb and Ljubljana, and occasional TV spots, the band's popularity had gradually grown.

Ekatarina Velika
In early 1985, the band recorded their second studio album at SIM studio in Zagreb. Produced by Vladimir Smolec featuring guest appearances by Massimo Savić as well as Karlowy Wary member and SIM studio co-owner Tomo in der Mühlen, Ekatarina Velika gave the band with its first bona fide hits, "Oči boje meda" ("Honey Colored Eyes"), "Modro i zeleno" ("Indigo and Green") and "Tattoo". In keeping with the theme of the "Tattoo" track, the album cover arranged by Dušan Gerzić features the band members painted in Native American ritual body art. After the album release on 22 March 1985, they played outside of Yugoslavia for the first time, making a positive impression at Culture Days in Turin, Italy. Another memorable concert took place in Zagreb as part of Bolje vas našli Belgrade-Zagreb band exchange.

Towards the end of 1985, Fece left the band to serve his mandatory Yugoslav People's Army service, later joining Laboratorija Zvuka, and was replaced by Ivan "Raka" Ranković from the band Tvrdo Srce i Velike Uši. The following year, the new lineup released the third studio album S vetrom uz lice (Faced Against the Wind), proving to be the breakthrough album that turned them into bona fide stars. The album was produced by Milan Mladenović, Margita Stefanović and Dragan Čačinović. With the hits "Budi sam na ulici" ("Be Alone on the Street"), "Ti si sav moj bol" ("You Are All My Anguish"), "Novac u rukama" ("Money in the Hands"), and "Kao da je bilo nekad" ("As If It Had Once Been") came some lukewarm reviews from the critics complaining about the similarities to the works of the Simple Minds.

After the album release, the band toured extensively all over former Yugoslavia, and the recording of one of the five sold-out performances at the Zagreb club Kulušić, made on 2 November 1986, was released in early 1987 on the live album 19LIVE86. The band promoted the release of the live album in Belgrade during January 1987 and triumphed at Dom Omladine with six sold-out shows. During spring of the same year, Ivan Ranković decided to leave EKV in order to form a new group Ulica Od Meseca with his old bandmates from Tvrdo Srce i Velike Uši. Ranković was replaced by the actor Srđan Todorović, a former Disciplina Kičme member, as drummer, playing his first show on 9 April 1987 at the New Rock festival held at the La Locomotive club in Paris. On autumn of the same year, the band got the Sedam Sekretara SKOJa award for the achievements on the second and third studio album.

Alternative rock years (1987–1991)
During the summer of 1987, the band released the album Ljubav (Love), co-produced by the band with the Australian musician Theodore Yanni. It displayed a more guitar-oriented sound, along with stylized sleeve done by Margita and artist Vuk Vidor. Prominent tracks from the album include "Zemlja" ("Earth"), "7 Dana" ("7 Days"), "Pored mene" ("Beside Me"), "Ljudi iz gradova" ("People From The Cities"), and "Ljubav" ("Love"). It had also shown the first signs of Milan's depressive lyrics, as exemplified by song "Tonemo" ("We Are Sinking"). The album had also confirmed their live attraction status with two consecutive sold out shows at Belgrade's Pionir Hall sports arena. New extensive tour commenced in early 1988, and EKV enlisted help from Tanja Jovićević of Oktobar 1864 and Zvonimir Đukić from Van Gogh to appear as backing live musicians. Fece had also promptly rejoined the band on tour, shortly replacing Srđan Todorović before moving away to New York City in May 1988.

In January 1989, the band finished the recording sessions for the album Samo par godina za nas (Only a Few Years for Us), released during the same year, featuring guest appearances by Mitar Subotić (guitar, album production) and Tanja Jovićević (backing vocals). The critics regarded this album as a mere of the concept from the previous album. Several hits from the album include "Krug" ("The Circle"), "Par godina za nas" ("A Few Years for Us"), and "Srce" ("Heart"). Despite the mixed critics, the band were at their peak performing at the EBU-UER rock festival in Novi Sad, the 1990 Midem festival in Cannes and the first European rock music Bienalle held in Toulouse. After the tour, Todorović left the band, focusing on his acting career. Bojan Pečar also decided to leave the band moving to London. The new members became the former VIA Talas, D' Boys and Piloti member Miško Petrović "Plavi" on bass and the former U Škripcu member Marko Milivojević on drums.

The sixth studio album Dum dum (Bang Bang), released in 1991, featured the Plejboj member Dušan Petrović and session musician Bata Božanić as bass players, Tanja Jovićević on backing vocals, Zvonimir Đukić on guitar and Mitar Subotić on keyboards and machines. The album, produced by Theodore Yanni, featured the prominent songs "Zabranjujem" ("I Forbid"), "Idemo" ("Let's Go"), "Dum dum" ("Bang Bang") and "Bledo" ("Pale"), inspired by the outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars and the general political and economic situation in the country. The following year, Mladenović participated in the anti-war project Rimtutituki, also featuring Električni Orgazam and Partibrejkers members, releasing the single "Slušaj 'vamo" ("Listen Up"). During the anti-war protests in Belgrade, the band organized a concert on the Republic Square and also they performed anti-war songs in an open truck while circulating the Belgrade streets.

Mainstream rock years (1992–1994)
During the middle of 1992 the band toured with the new bassist Dragiša Uskoković "Ćima", with whom they recorded the final studio album Neko nas posmatra (Somebody Is Watching Us), released in May 1993. The album featured a more accessible and communicative sound especially present in the songs "Ponos" ("Pride"), "Jadransko more" ("The Adriatic Sea"), "Just Let Me Play Some Modern R'n'R Music" and "Zajedno" ("Together"). For the first time, the band had included a cover song on and album, "Istina Mašina" ("Truth Machine"), originally performed by the Yugoslav rock band Time. The album was produced by Mladenović and featured Srđan Todorović, Tanja Jovićević and a children's choir as guest performers.

After the album release, in September of the same year, Ekatarina Velika, Električni Orgazam, Partibrejkers and the Zagreb band Vještice performed in Prague and Berlin on the concerts entitled Ko to tamo pjeva (Who's That Singing Over There). At the time, Mladenović and Stefanović held occasional unplugged club performances, often featuring guest appearances by the Partibrejkers guitarist Nebojša Antonijević "Anton" and various jazz musicians, until Milan's departure to Brazil, where he worked on a project called Angel's Breath, together with Mitar Subotić and a line-up of Brazilian musicians. The two started recording the material partially written in 1985 when, with the guitarist Goran Vejvoda, they had several live appearances under the moniker Dah Anđela (Angel's Breath).

Breakup and post-breakup
The band resumed their activities when Mladenović returned to Serbia. There were plans to make a new album, tentatively titled Ponovo zajedno (Together Again), but the idea was shelved because of Milan's health problems. EKV played what would turn out to be their last ever show on 24 August 1994 in Budva at the Pjesma Mediterana festival. The very next day Milan was held in a hospital, and it was soon discovered that he had pancreatic cancer. Barely a few months later, on 5 November 1994, Milan Mladenović died in Belgrade, at the age of 36, thus Ekatarina Velika ceased to exist.

Margita Stefanović continued working as a musician, for a short period of time performing with the cover band Kurajberi. In 1995, with Vladimir Stojanović, as an ambiental music duo EQV, she released the album Ti si sav moj bol (You Are All My Anguish), released by the Austrian record label Coop Arts Crafts Unltd. In October of the same year, EQV appeared at the Vienna Talkit festival. She had also made occasional live appearances with the bands Direktori, Glisers and Zion Banda, and appeared as guest on the albums of several Belgrade rock bands. In 1996, she appeared on the Električni Orgazam unplugged live album Živo i akustično (Live and Acoustic), and in 1998, on the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights signing, she appeared in Pula with Zoran Stojanović, the leader of the Zagreb band Veliki Bijeli Slon, being, along with Rambo Amadeus, the first Serbian musician to play in modern-day Croatia after the Yugoslav Wars.

During the early 1997, a posthumous live album entitled Live '88 was released, featuring the recordings of the performances from Zagreb and Novi Sad held during the 1988 tour. The Zagreb recordings, made at the Kulušić club, were announced by the rock critic Dražen Vrdoljak and featured Theodore Yanni on guest guitar. The live recordings were owned by Fece who initiated the album release. During the same year, Margita Stefanović founded the record label EKV Records and started reissuing EKV studio album with bonus material. The Ljubav reissue featured live bonus material made at the Belgrade Dom Omladine on 13 November 1991 and the 1988 Novi Sad SNP performance, Samo par godina za nas featured the live bonus tracks from the Avala fest held in September 1990 and Dum dum featured alternate and demo recordings and the 1991 Dom Omladine live tracks.

PGP RTS also contributed the CD reissuing by releasing the compilation album Kao nada, kao govor, kao more... (Like Hope, Like Speech, Like the Sea...) in 1997, featuring selected material from the latter four studio albums. During 2001 and 2002, EKV Records and IPS music reissued the rest of the band's catalog, also featuring bonus live material. The label also released the live album Kao u snu - EKV live 1991 (As If in a Dream - EKV Live 1991) featuring the Belgrade Dom Omladine 1991 performance. During the same year, a tribute album Kao da je bilo nekad... (Posvećeno Milanu Mladenoviću) (As If It Had Once Been) was released. The following year, a live tribute album Jako dobar tattoo - Tribute to EKV (A Very Good Tatto - Tribute to EKV) was released.

In 2017, Mascom Records released the double live album Krug (The Circle), featuring the recording of Mladenović's and Stefanović's unplugged performance held in Priština in May 1994, only half a year before Mladenović's death.

Ivan Vdović died of AIDS on 25 September 1992 at age 31. Milan Mladenović died of pancreatic cancer on 5 November 1994 at age 36. Bojan Pečar died of a heart attack on 13 October 1998 at age 38. Dušan Dejanović died of AIDS on 16 November 2000. On 18 September 2002 Margita Stefanović died at age 43, being the fifth band member to die prematurely.

Legacy
Ekatarina Velika is considered one of the top and most influential acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene. Of the bands heavily influenced by Ekatarina Velika, by far the most notable is Van Gogh, which has risen to the status of one of the most popular rock acts in Serbia in the second half of the 1990s. Another band highly inspired by EKV is the alternative rock band Block Out. The band's work was also praised by Yugoslav rock icons like Rambo Amadeus and Dado Topić

In 2003, a tribute album to Mladenović entitled Kao da je bilo nekad... Posvećeno Milanu Mladenoviću (Like It Happened Someday... Dedicated to Milan Mladenović) was released. The album consists of 15 covers of Mladenović's songs (14 EKV and one Šarlo Akrobata song) by a range of musicians, spanning from rock veteran Dado Topić, over EKV contemporaries like Električni Orgazam, Darko Rundek, Partibrejkers, Miško Plavi, Vlada Divljan, Del Arno Band, and Tanja Jovićević, to younger acts, like Jarboli, Darkwood Dub, Novembar, Night Shift, Block Out, and VROOM. Mladenović's former Šarlo Akrobata bandmate Dušan Kojić also appeared on the album under the pseudonym Crni Zub, participating in the cover of "Zemlja".

Another tribute album, released in 2003, was a live album Jako dobar tattoo - Tribute to EKV (Very Good Tattoo - Tribute to EKV), recorded at the tribute concert held on February 22, 2003, in Zagreb's Tvornica club. The performers included Croatian bands Le Cinema, Vatra, and Urban & 4, and solo artists Massimo Savić with EKV tribute band Veliki Bijeli Slon, Darko Rundek with his Cargo Orkestar, and Električni Orgazam frontman Srđan "Gile" Gojković, also with Veliki Bijeli Slon. The album consists of 13 live covers, each artist performing several.

The book YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike (YU 100: The Best albums of Yugoslav pop and rock music), published in 1998, features two albums by the band: S' vetrom uz lice (ranked No. 26) and Katarina II (album) (ranked No. 68). The list of 100 greatest Yugoslav album, published by Croatian edition of Rolling Stone in 2015, features three Ekatarina Velika albums: S' vetrom uz lice (ranked No. 10) and Katarina II (ranked No. 29) and Ekatarina Velika (ranked No. 44). In 1987, in YU legende uživo (YU Legends Live), a special publication by Rock magazine, 19LIVE86 was pronounced one of 12 best Yugoslav live albums.

The Rock Express Top 100 Yugoslav Rock Songs of All Times list, published in 2000, featured five songs by Ekatarina Velika: "Krug" (polled No.3), "Par godina za nas" (polled No.11), "Ti si sav moj bol" (polled No.41), "Zemlja" (polled No.54) and "7 dana" (polled No.86). In November 2006, "Par godina za nas" was polled the Best Yugoslav Popular Music Song on the B92 Top 100 Domestic Songs list. In 2011, the songs "Krug" and "Par godina za nas" were polled, by the listeners of Radio 202, two of 60 greatest songs released by PGP-RTB/PGP-RTS during the sixty years of the label's existence.

The lyrics of 15 songs by the band were featured in Petar Janjatović's book Pesme bratstva, detinjstva & potomstva: Antologija ex YU rok poezije 1967 - 2007 (Songs of Brotherhood, Childhood & Offspring: Anthology of Ex YU Rock Poetry 1967 - 2007).

In July 2011, the hardscape area in front of the Belgrade Youth Center was named the Milan Mladenović Place. In 2012, a street in Zagreb, Milan Mladenović's city of birth, was named after him.

In 2016, Serbian weekly news magazine Nedeljnik pronounced Milan Mladenović one of 100 people that changed Serbia forever.

Members

 * Milan Mladenović — vocals, guitar (February 1982 - summer 1994) (died 1994)
 * Dragomir Mihajlović "Gagi" — guitar (February 1982 - sometime in 1984)
 * Zoran Radomirović "Švaba" — bass guitar (February 1982 - late 1982)
 * Dušan Dejanović — drums (February 1982 - late 1982) (died 2000)
 * Margita Stefanović "Magi" - keyboards, backing vocals (late 1982 - summer 1994) (died 2002)
 * Branko Kuštrin "Mango" — drums (late 1982 - early 1983)
 * Bojan Pečar — bass guitar (early 1983 - early 1990) (died 1998)
 * Ivan Vdović "VD" — drums (early 1983 - fall 1984) (died 1992)
 * Ivan Fece "Firchie" — drums (fall 1984 - late 1985), (early 1988 - May 1988)
 * Ivan Ranković "Raka" — drums (late 1985 - early 1987)
 * Srđan Todorović "Žika" — drums (early 1987 - early 1988), (May 1988 - early 1990)
 * Marko Milivojević — drums (early 1990 - summer 1994)
 * Miško Petrović "Plavi" — bass guitar (early 1990 - spring 1991)
 * Dušan Petrović — bass guitar (spring 1991 - fall 1991)
 * Bata Božanić — bass guitar (spring 1991 - fall 1991)
 * Dragiša Uskoković "Ćima" — bass guitar (fall 1991 - late 1993)
 * Boško Stanojević "Bole" — bass guitar (summer 1994)

Discography

 * Katarina II (1984)
 * Ekatarina Velika (1985)
 * S' vetrom uz lice (1986)
 * Ljubav (1987)
 * Samo par godina za nas (1989)
 * Dum Dum (1991)
 * Neko nas posmatra (1993)

title: Ekatarina Velika


text:
Höxter

Höxter is  a town in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany on the left bank of the river Weser, 52 km north of Kassel in the centre of the Weser Uplands. The main town's population is around 15,000, and with outlying centres, about 30,000. It is the seat of the Höxter district. Historical place names of Höxter are Hoxer and Huxaria.

Subdivisions
As part of North Rhine-Westphalia's municipal reforms, the collective municipality of Höxter came into being on 1 January 1970, formed out of the eleven communities of the former Amt of Höxter-Land, the main town, and the community of Bruchhausen from the former Amt of Beverungen. The communities in question voluntarily merged to pool their resources and bring about a unified administration. These constituent communities are:

 * Albaxen
 * Bosseborn
 * Bödexen
 * Brenkhausen
 * Bruchhausen
 * Fürstenau
 * Godelheim
 * Lüchtringen
 * Lütmarsen
 * Ottbergen
 * Ovenhausen
 * Stahle

History
Höxter (Latin Huxaria) in the time of Charlemagne was a villa regia, and was the scene of a battle between his forces and the Saxons. Under the protection of the Princely Abbey of Corvey it gradually increased in prosperity, and became the chief town of the principality of Corvey. Later it asserted its independence and joined the Hanseatic League.

Höxter was located on the important long distance trade-route known as Hellweg. Rivalry with Corvey Abbey and the nearby town known as Corvey increased and in 1265, the burghers of Höxter allied themselves with the Bishop of Paderborn. Their troops destroyed the town of Corvey and damaged the abbey. The town never recovered and over the following decades reverted to a small village. This event also marked the beginning of the long period of decline of the abbey.

Höxter suffered severely during the Thirty Years' War. In 1634, Imperial troops laid siege to the town in what became known as the Blutbad von Höxter (massacre of Höxter).

After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 it was united with Brunswick; in 1802 it passed to Nassau and in 1807 to the Kingdom of Westphalia, after the dismemberment of which, in 1814, it came into the possession of Prussia.

In 2005, an explosion within a house in the historic town centre damaged the town hall and many other significant buildings and resulted in three deaths. Work has started on the rebuilding of the damaged area but is expected to continue for many years.

Albaxen
Albaxen had its first documentary mention, under the name Albachtessen, on the occasion of the neighbouring Corvey Abbey's founding in 822, and by 900 it was already known by its current name. The Albaxen parish church was likewise first mentioned in the 9th century. The Tonenburg, a mediaeval building complex near Albaxen – not truly a castle as the name suggests – was built in 1350 by Corvey Abbey.

Lüchtringen
In 854, Lüchtringen was first mentioned under the name Lutringi (12 different spellings, including Luhtringi and Luchtringi) in Corvey Abbey's annals and beginning in 1230 it belonged to the fourth archdeaconate of Höxter-Corvey of the Bishopric of Paderborn. Before it became Prussian in 1813, Lüchtringen belonged to the Principality of Orange-Nassau in Fulda from 1803. In 1970, Lüchtringen lost its independence and became a constituent community of Höxter.

Lüchtringen is North Rhine-Westphalia's easternmost community.

Economy
The town's main manufactured products are linen, cotton, cement and gutta-percha latex, and there is also a considerable shipping trade.

Höxter also has long been an important garrison town and the presence of the military continues to play a large role in the local economy.

Events
Regular culinary events in Höxter are "Höxter Kulinarisch" and the "Fischer- und Flößertage" ("Fishermen's and Raftsmen's Days"). At these events, gastronomy and the advertising community get together and present culinary delights.

Attractions
Höxter has a medieval town hall and historic houses with high gables and carved façades from the 15th and 16th centuries. Many of the buildings in this area were damaged or destroyed by the great explosion in 2005. The most notable of the churches is the Protestant church of Saint Kilian, with a pulpit dating from 1595 and a font dating from 1631. The Weser is crossed here by a stone bridge about 150 m in length, erected in 1833.

On the Brunsberg abutting the town is an old watchtower, said to be the remains of a fortress built by Widukind's brother Bruno.

Attractions in Höxter include:
 * The extensively preserved mediaeval town structure is made up of half-timbered buildings, among which are found a few examples of the Weser Renaissance style. Notable among these are the Adam-und-Eva-Haus on Stummrige Straße and the old Dechanei (Deacon's House) on the marketplace, featuring over 60 carved rosettes, none of them identical.
 * On Höxter's outskirts lies Schloss Corvey, formerly Corvey Abbey, on the bank of the Weser. The abbey church has a Carolingian crypt as well as an imposing westwork. Furthermore, the poet Hoffmann von Fallersleben, who wrote Das Lied der Deutschen, worked here as a librarian and is buried next to the church.
 * As part of the Erlebniswelt Renaissance ("Renaissance Adventure World"), there is a town walk with the theme "market", on which visitors may solve a murder case from 1617.
 * The Obermühle Höxter ("Höxter Upper Mill") is a former watermill that once belonged to Corvey Abbey. Today it houses the Mühlencafé.
 * The Tonenburg (see History above)

Sports
There are many sport clubs in Höxter. The biggest club is the Höxter Handball and Athletics Club (HLC Höxter), which furthermore offers fitness courses, swimming, aquajogging, back gymnastics, badminton and judo. There is also the Höxter-Weserbergland Football Arena. There, on two indoor courts on artificial turf, the year round, the newest generation of football can be played.

Town council
The town council's 44 seats are apportioned as follows, in accordance with municipal elections held on 30 August 2009: Note: UWG is a citizens' coalition.
 * CDU 17 seats
 * SPD 14 seats
 * Greens 3 seats
 * FDP 4 seats
 * DIE LINKE 1 seat
 * UWG 5 seats

Mayor
The mayor is Daniel Hartmann, independent candidate (since 2020).

Coat of arms
Höxter's oldest known seals date from the 13th century, the same century during which the town was granted town rights. The current arms, showing an ecclesiastical structure, have been used since the 19th century, and are modelled after the second seal, known from 1285. The arms were granted once again in 1970.

Twin towns – sister cities
Höxter is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Corbie, France (1963/1964)
 * 🏴 Sudbury, England, United Kingdom (1979/1980)

Infrastructure
Höxter is served by four railway stations: Höxter Rathaus, Höxter-Ottbergen, Höxter-Lüchtringen and Höxter-Godelheim, all on the Altenbeken–Kreiensen line. The line is run by NordWestBahn who run the Egge-Bahn towards Paderborn and Holzminden. The Sollingbahn also terminates at Ottbergen, and links to Northeim in Lower Saxony.

All public transport in Höxter can be used on the integrated fare system within the Paderborn-Höxter Local Transport Association (Nahverkehrsverbund Paderborn-Höxter).

Education

 * Höxter is one of the four locations of the Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences (German:Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe).
 * Secondary education in Höxter includes the König-Wilhelm-Gymnasium, the Hoffmann-von-Fallersleben-Realschule and the Hauptschule as well as a sales school (kaufmännische Schule, a vocational and economics Gymnasium).

Notable people

 * (1864–1959), Lord mayor of Gelsenkirchen in 1919–1928
 * Jacob Pins (1917–2005), Israeli artist
 * Klaus Töpfer (born 1938), politician (CDU) and federal minister, came to Höxter as a child
 * Hans Christoph Becker-Foss (born 1949), conductor and organist
 * Anja Niedringhaus (1965–2014), reporter
 * Thomas von Heesen (born 1961), football player and manager
 * Koray Günter (born 1994), footballer

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Höxter


text:
HOM

HOM, Hom or similar may refer to:

Places

 * Le Hom, former name of the commune Thury-Harcourt-le-Hom in France
 * Hom, Šentrupert, a dispersed settlement in Slovenia
 * Hom-e Khosrow, a village in Iran

Science and mathematics

 * Hom bundle, in topology
 * Hom functor, in category theory
 * $$\operatorname{Hom}(V,K)$$, the set of linear forms from a vector space to its field
 * Higher-order modulation, in telecommunications
 * Hong–Ou–Mandel effect in quantum optics

Other uses

 * HOM Furniture, an American furniture retailer
 * Hom (surname), a Danish, Dutch, English, and Taishanese surname
 * Hom (instrument), a class of traditional Mayan musical instruments
 * H0m scale, a model railway scale or gauge
 * Hall of mirrors effect, in computer graphics
 * Harm to ongoing matter, phrase used for class of material being redacted from the Mueller Report, for reasons of legal investigation
 * Head of mission, the head of a diplomatic representation
 * Heart of Midlothian F.C., an association football club in Scotland
 * Heart of Misery, a song by Finnish rock band The Rasmus
 * Ho Man Tin station, Hong Kong, MTR station code
 * Holland (Amtrak station), in Michigan, United States
 * Homa language, spoken in South Sudan
 * Homa (ritual), in Hinduism
 * Homer Airport in Homer, Alaska
 * House of Milan, an American publisher of bondage magazines
 * Armenian Relief Society (Armenian: Հայ Օգնութեան Միութիւն, ՀՕՄ, HOM)
 * His Orthodox Majesty, a title occasionally used by kings in Poland
 * HOM, a luxury men's underwear brand owned by Triumph International

title: HOM


text:
Here to Stay (New Order song)

"Here to Stay" is the twenty-eighth single by English band New Order and produced by the electronic music duo The Chemical Brothers. It was released as a single in 2002, and reached number 15 in the UK Singles Chart.

Release
"Here to Stay" was the closing track from the movie 24 Hour Party People, and was the only new song composed specifically for the film. Its music video compiled scenes from the movie in black and white, and featured John Simm (who played Bernard Sumner in the movie) and comedian/actor Steve Coogan (who played Tony Wilson) reprising their roles. The video was dedicated to Rob Gretton, Martin Hannett and Ian Curtis; three people instrumental in the founding of the band who had since died.

The track was released without major marketing, but still reached #15 in the UK chart.

The track was made available both as a standalone single and on the band's compilation International. It was also later included on the collection Singles, and an extended instrumental version was released on the box set Retro. A live version of the song features on the recording Live at Bestival 2012.

The single was B-sided with the track "Player in the League", New Order's failed entry for ITV's football highlights programme The Premiership. The track was originally slated for inclusion on Get Ready, but was dropped.

title: Here to Stay (New Order song)


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Kankakee

Kankakee may refer to

Places

 * Kankakee, Illinois
 * Kankakee, Indiana
 * Kankakee Community College
 * Kankakee County, Illinois
 * Kankakee River State Park
 * Kankakee State Hospital
 * Kankakee Valley High School

Geology

 * Kankakee Arch
 * Kankakee Outwash Plain
 * Kankakee River
 * Kankakee Torrent
 * Lake Kankakee

Others

 * Kankakee, Beaverville and Southern Railroad
 * USCGC Kankakee, a Coast Guard cutter built in 1919 used on the Mississippi River.

title: Kankakee


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List of Mexican Federal Highways

This is a list of numbered federal highways (carreteras federales) in Mexico. Federal Highways from north to south are assigned odd numbers; highways from west to east are assigned even numbers. The numbering scheme starts in the northwest of the country (in Tijuana, Baja California). The highest designation, Mexican Federal Highway 307, is assigned to roads hugging the coast of Quintana Roo and the international border in Chiapas. This list identifies the road starting point at the north or the west point of the highway and terminus at its eastern or southern point.

Motorways and roads with restricted access are considered part of the Federal Highways network and follow the same numbering schema. The letter "D" (for Directo) is added to the road number for all toll roads. For information on toll roads, see List of Mexican autopistas.

State highways
Every state in Mexico builds and maintains their own state highways, which supplement the federal network. Some of these roads are unnumbered; those that have varying numbering schemes depending on the state. Shields for these roads contain the abbreviation of the state up top. State highways that are tolled, like their federal counterparts, bear a D in their designations, such as Sinaloa State Highway 1D.

title: List of Mexican Federal Highways


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Slutsk

Slutsk (Слуцк; Слуцк; Słuck, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק) is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slutsk District, and is located on the Sluch River 105 km south of the capital Minsk. As of 2024, it has a population of 60,056.

Geography
The city is situated in the south-west of Minsk Region, 26 km north of Salihorsk.

History
Slutsk was first mentioned in writing in 1116. It was part of the Principality of Turov and Pinsk, but in 1160 it became the capital of a separate principality. From 1320–1330 it was part of the domain of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Casimir IV Jagiellon vested it with Magdeburg town rights in 1441. It was a private town, owned by the Olelkovich and Radziwiłł families, which transformed it into a center of the Polish Reformed Church with a gymnasium and a strong fortress.

The first Jewish residents arrived by the late 1500s, expanding in population over the following centuries until the town was majority Jewish from the 1800s until World War II. In the In the mid-17th century, Scottish immigrants settled in the town.

Following the 17th century, the city became famous for manufacturing kontusz belts, some of the most expensive and luxurious pieces of garment of the szlachta. Because of the popularity of the cloths made here, belts worn over the żupan were often called of Slutsk despite their real place of origin.

In 1778, it became a county seat within the Nowogródek Voivodeship. Slutsk was part of Russian Empire after Second Partition of Poland in 1793. It was occupied by Germany in 1918 and by Poland between 1919 and 1920 during Polish–Soviet War. In 1920, it was the centre of a major anti-bolshevik uprising known as the Slutsk defence action.

Until World War II and the Slutsk Affair, the city was predominantly Jewish; however, now the population includes no more than 100 Jews.

Slutsk was occupied by the German Army on 26 June 1941, and placed under the administration of Reichskommissariat Ostland. The period of German occupation ended on 30 June 1944, when troops of the 1st Belorussian Front recaptured the town during the Minsk Offensive of the Red Army.

On 2 October 1967, a riot occurred during which the local court building was set on fire, resulting in the death of a judge and a police officer. The riot, unprecedented in post-WW2 Soviet Belarus, was triggered by the conduct of a murder trial, which was perceived to be unjust by the local residents.

Jewish community
The first indication of Jews in Slutsk is from 1583 when the city was part of Lithuania. Formal recognition came in 1601. By 1623, Jews owned 16 homes. In 1691, Slutsk became one of the five leading communities of the Lithuanian Jewish Council. By 1750 there were 1,593 Jewish people, accounting for one third of the population. In economic life, Jewish people were concentrated in commerce; three-fourths of the town's merchants were Jewish, and a similar share of people in the alcohol business were Jewish. After annexation by Russia in 1793, growth of the city slowed, in part due to it being bypassed by the railroad. By 1897 the Jewish community numbered 10,264 inhabitants, or 77% of the city population. They played a central role in the cities markets, particularly in agricultural produce.

Slutsk was not insignificant in terms of Torah study. Among the rabbinic figures who served there were Yehudah Leib Pohovitser, Chayim ha-Kohen Rapoport, Yosef Dov Ber Soloveichik (1865–1874), and Isser Zalman Meltzer. The famous Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva was founded in Slutsk in 1883 by Rabbi Yaakov Dovid Wilovsky. Another outstanding scholar of learning in the Talmud and Torah who was also a Hebrew poet and became a Hebrew educator in the United States was Ephraim Eliezer Lisitzky, who was born and grew to his teens in Slutsk before emigrating to the U.S. According to legend the Baal Shem Tov visited Slutsk in 1733 at the invitation of Shmuel Ickowicz. Despite this, the town was known for its anti-hasidic misnagdim. The Haskalah and modern Jewish political parties also were represented among the population.

Massacre of Jews
During the German occupation of Slutsk, the Jewish inhabitants were systematically targeted for killing. The first Jewish victims were killed in the garden on Monakhov Street during the initial days immediately following the arrival of the Germans on 27 June 1941. The victims numbered between 70 and 120, according to different sources.

Four months later, on 27 and 28 October 1941, one of the largest single massacres occurred, known as the Slutsk affair, when Jews were herded towards pits in the Gorovakha ravine, approximately 10 km west of Slutsk, where they were shot. According to German sources the total number of victims was 3,400, while Soviet sources cite 8,000. These killings were carried out by two companies of the German 11th Reserve Order Police Battalion and the Lithuanian 2nd Battalion, which was a German-sponsored Schutzmannschaft or Auxiliary Police formation established in Kaunas, soon after the Nazi occupation of Lithuania.

A further massacre was carried out over several days during the spring of 1942, when the inhabitants of the "field ghetto" of Slutsk were taken to the forest near the village of Bezverkhovichi, 10 km west of Slutsk, where they were shot or murdered in gas vans. According to survivors, the victims were driven to the execution site in two to four trucks on Mondays and Saturdays. The last Jews of the field ghetto were murdered on the Passover, 2–3 April 1942. The total number of Jews murdered at Bezverkhovichi is estimated to have been between 3,000 and 4,000.

One of the last significant massacres of Jews occurred on 8 February 1943, with the liquidation of the "town ghetto" of Slutsk. The Jews were driven in trucks to the former estate of Mokhart, popularly called Mokharty, 5 km east of Slutsk, where they were shot from behind in mass graves by personnel of the Minsk security police office. During the liquidation, some Jews fought back, shooting at the German and Latvian soldiers. In response, the Germans burnt the ghetto to the ground. Postwar court proceedings cite a minimum of 1,600 victims, of which 1,200 were murdered at the graves at Mokharty, the rest in the ghetto itself.

Notable people

 * Mikhail Basalyha – Belarusian painter
 * Uladzimir Basalyha – Belarusian painter
 * Isaac Dov Berkowitz – Jewish and Israeli author
 * Eliyahu Feinstein – rabbinic authority
 * Yaakov Yosef Herman – Orthodox Jewish pioneer in America
 * Semyon Kosberg – Jewish Soviet engineer
 * Shneur Kotler – rosh yeshiva, Lakewood yeshiva
 * Harry Lefrak – father of Samuel J. LeFrak, builder and realtor
 * Shmuel David Leibowitz-Father of Boruch Ber Leibowitz
 * Boruch Ber Leibowitz – leading rosh yeshiva
 * Yisroel Leibowitz-leading Rabbi in Vilna from 1926
 * Chaim Sholom Leibowitz-Son of Yisroel Leibowitz - Editor Of Birkas Shmuel, magnum opus of His Uncle Boruch Ber Leibowitz
 * Isser Zalman Meltzer – Rabbi of Slutsk from 1903 to 1923
 * Artur Nepokoychitsky (1813-1881), Imperial Russian military leader
 * Anastasiya Prokopenko, world champion and Olympic bronze medalist in modern pentathlon
 * Gregory Razran, (1901-1973), Russian American psychologist
 * Princess Sophia of Slutsk, medieval Eastern Orthodox saint
 * Fabijan Šantyr (1887 - 1920), Belarusian poet, writer and public figure who is regarded as “the first victim of [the Bolsheviks] in…Belarusian politics and literature”
 * Edward Sperling – Jewish writer and humorist
 * Mikola Statkevich – Belarusian politician
 * Meyer Waxman – Rabbi and author
 * Mikhail Yakimovich – Belarusian handball player
 * Lidia Yermoshina – Belarusian politician
 * Shaul Yisraeli – religious Zionist rabbi

Twin towns — sister cities
Slutsk is twinned with:

 * 🇺🇦 Brovary Raion, Ukraine
 * 🇷🇺 Kalevalsky District, Russia
 * 🇷🇺 Moshenskoy District, Russia
 * 🇷🇺 Ryazansky (Moscow), Russia
 * 🇷🇺 Rzhev, Russia
 * 🇷🇺 Serpukhovsky District, Russia
 * 🇦🇿 Shaki, Azerbaijan
 * 🇦🇲 Sisian, Armenia
 * 🇷🇺 Staromaynsky District, Russia

Former twin towns:
 * 🇵🇱 Tczew, Poland

On 8 March 2022, the Polish city of Tczew ended its partnership with Slutsk as a response to the Belarusian involvement in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

title: Slutsk


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Saturable reactor

A saturable reactor in electrical engineering is a special form of inductor where the magnetic core can be deliberately saturated by a direct electric current in a control winding. Once saturated, the inductance of the saturable reactor drops dramatically. This decreases inductive reactance and allows increased flow of the alternating current (AC).

Design considerations
Saturable reactors provide a very simple means to remotely and proportionally control the AC through a load such as an incandescent lamp; the AC current is roughly proportional to the direct current (DC) through the control winding.

The power windings, the control winding, and the core are arranged so that the control winding is well isolated from the AC power. The AC power windings are also usually configured so that they self-cancel any AC voltage that might otherwise be induced in the control winding.

Because the required inductance to achieve dimming varies with the size of the load, saturable reactors often have multiple taps, allowing a small inductance to be used with a large load or a larger inductance to be used with a smaller load. In this way, the required magnitude of the control current can be kept roughly constant, no matter what the load.

Obsolete technology
Saturable reactors designed for mains (power-line) frequency are larger, heavier, and more expensive than electronic power controllers developed after the introduction of semiconductor electronic components, and have largely been replaced by thyristor dimmers using triacs or SCRs.

However, as of 2015, there has been renewed interest in using these devices for control of "smart grids" with multiple current tested installations in California, as well as the United Kingdom.

title: Saturable reactor


text: User talk:206.8.175.21

title: User talk:206.8.175.21


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Talk:University of Connecticut

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 3 June 2019 and 12 July 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Apexrock45.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:06, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

 * The edits from 2019 that indicate something "will" happen in 2020 need to be updated for currency. 75.115.130.145 (talk) 21:10, 2 February 2024 (UTC)

Alumni gallery
Dude @ElKevbo stop reversing my edits. There are dozens of major institutions with more images in their alumni gallery. I added just like 6 additional, extremely relevant people (including a Nobel laureate and heads of state). If you are going to just reverse my edits, come up with better reasoning instead of just saying it's bloated. What is even the barometer for something being bloated. Better yet, contribute and discuss why some people should be included or not-- don't just blanket reverse. Edardfox (talk) 00:53, 29 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Three different editors have reverted your edits: Drmies, GuardianH, and myself. Stop edit-warring, revert your edits, and develop a consensus here in Talk. ElKevbo (talk) 01:09, 29 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:University of Connecticut


text: User talk:82.182.161.37

title: User talk:82.182.161.37


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User:Preost

Preost has retired indefinitely from Wikipedia.

For related commentary, see this bit from another user.

Wackyparsing listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Wackyparsing. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. McGeddon (talk) 17:59, 4 January 2016 (UTC)

Nomination for merging of Template:Recentism
Template:Recentism has been nominated for merging with Template:Current. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Steel1943 (talk) 02:24, 20 April 2017 (UTC)

title: User:Preost


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Bili ape

The Bili apes, or Bondo mystery apes, were names given in 2003 in sensational reports in the popular media to a purportedly new species of highly aggressive, giant ape supposedly inhabiting the wetlands and savannah around of the village of Bili in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. "The apes nest on the ground like gorillas, but they have a diet and features characteristic of chimpanzees", according to a 2003 National Geographic article.

Scientists soon determined they were common chimpanzees, and part of a larger contiguous population stretching throughout that part of northern Congo. Genetic testing with non-nuclear DNA in 2003 immediately indicated that it was in fact part of the already described eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), a subspecies of the common chimpanzee.

History
Skulls of gorillas were first collected near the town of Bili in 1908. These were sent to the colonial power of Belgium; in 1927, a new subspecies of gorilla, Gorilla gorilla uellensis, was described based upon these specimens. Colin Groves examined the skulls in 1970 and determined that they were indistinguishable from western gorillas.

Karl Ammann, a Swiss Kenyan photographer and anti-bushmeat campaigner, first visited the city in 1996, looking for the gorillas. Instead, Ammann bought a skull that had dimensions like that of a chimpanzee, but with a prominent sagittal crest like that of a gorilla. Ammann purchased a photograph from hunters of what looked like a very big chimpanzee. Ammann also measured a faecal dropping three times as big as normal chimpanzee dung and casts of footprints as large as or larger than a gorilla's.

Ammann, with a group of foreign researchers, returned in 2000 to an area described by a Cameroonian bushmeat hunter he had sent to scout the area first a few years earlier. Although they did not see any chimpanzees, they did find several well-worn ground nests, characteristic of gorillas rather than chimpanzees, in swampy river beds.

In 2001, an international team of scientists, including George Schaller and Mike Belliveau, were recruited by Karl Ammann to search for apes, but the venture came up empty.

After the Second Congo War ended in 2003, it was easier for scientists to conduct field research in the Congo. Also recruited by Ammann was Shelly Williams, an experimental psychologist affiliated with National Geographic magazine, who claimed to be the first scientist to see the 'Bili apes'. Williams returned to the US with videos, apparently purchased from one of Ammann's long-term trackers. Williams reported on her close encounter, "we could hear them in the trees, about 10 m away, and four suddenly came rushing through the brush towards me. If this had been a mock charge they would have been screaming to intimidate us. These guys were quiet, and they were huge. They were coming in for the kill – but as soon as they saw my face they stopped and disappeared".

According to Williams, who claims she learnt Lingala, the local populace classified great apes into two distinct groups. There are the "tree beaters", which disperse high into the trees to stay safe, and easily succumb to the poison arrows used by local hunters. Then there are the "lion killers", which seldom climb trees, are bigger and darker, and are unaffected by the poison arrows. Other reports attribute this statement to Ammann. Williams claimed to have observed three species of chimpanzees, including this new one, during her summer tour.

"The unique characteristics they exhibit just don't fit into the other groups of apes", said Williams. The apes, she argued, could be a new species unknown to science, a new subspecies of chimpanzee, or a hybrid of the gorilla and the chimpanzee. "At the very least, we have a unique, isolated chimp culture that's unlike any that's been studied", she said. These and other sensational pronouncements to the media proved controversial, and Williams was subsequently no longer welcome to study the animals with Ammann. Ammann had published a letter in 2003 decrying Williams' unprofessional involvement. Williams vowed to continue without him, making plans for another expedition. Cleve Hicks, a primatologist recruited by Ammann in 2004, stated "genetically, they're not even a subspecies".

Mitochondrial DNA resolved from hairs taken from the nests found in 2003 that the chimpanzees belonged to Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii. Williams countered that all these hairs may have contaminated by real chimpanzees or humans, or that the conventional use of mDNA regions discovered in human research as genetic markers was incorrect in primatology, or that the mDNA, which is only transmitted by mothers, would not reflect one-way hybridisation with male gorillas.

In 2004, Hicks studied several communities of the chimpanzees approximately 60 km northwest of the town of Bili. Although the apes, including adult males, would surround the humans and display an interest or curiosity in them, somewhat like previous reports, they did not attack or become threatening.

In 2005, Williams was paralysed in an accident, and her claims to the media ceased. She never mounted her planned expedition.

By 2006, Hicks and colleagues had completed another long hunt for the chimpanzees during which they were able to observe the creatures a total of twenty hours. Hicks reported, "I see nothing gorilla about them. The females definitely have a chimp's sex swellings, they pant-hoot and tree-drum, and so on". DNA samples recovered from faeces also reaffirmed the classification of these apes in the chimpanzee subspecies P. t. schweinfurthii. When a report on Hicks' research on the New Scientist website was later confused with claims originating from Williams, Hicks wrote to claim the article misreported and misquoted him.

In 2019, Hicks and others published a comprehensive paper on the chimpanzees of the wider 'Bili-Uéré region', as they termed the central part of the Uélé watershed. The old giant ape controversy was ignored entirely. Twenty chimpanzee groups were studied over twelve years. In the work, Hicks et al. classifies the chimpanzees of this area as a behavioural "realm", subdivided into many "regions", united by common preferences and techniques, defined by tool use, dietary preferences and such habits. Chimpanzees of Bili-Uéré, for example, do not eat termites of the Macrotermes genus, which are otherwise much loved by the apes, unless the termites are having a mating swarm. Despite early reports of super-long rods used to fish termites, Hicks et al. document that these chimpanzees do not use rods to fish for termites at all, but instead bash the mounds open against roots.

Description
Williams initially claimed the apes were bipedal (meaning they walk upright) and stand over 5.7 ft tall, with the looks of a giant chimpanzee; making them look more like the extinct Australopithecine, Sahelanthropus or Toumaï.

According to Williams, "They have a very flat face, a wide muzzle and their brow-ridge runs straight across and overhangs. They seem to turn grey very early in life, but instead of turning grey-black like a gorilla, they turn grey all over." They develop uniform grey fur independently of age and sex, which suggests that greying takes place early in life (whereas in all known gorilla species, only males gray as they age and graying is restricted to their backs).

A single skull from Bili has the prominent brow ridge and a sagittal crest similar to that of a gorilla, but other morphological measurements are like those of chimpanzees. Only one of the many skulls found at Bili had a sagittal crest, thus it cannot be considered typical for the population.

Female Bili apes have genital swellings similar to other chimpanzees, although Williams claimed otherwise.

Behavior
According to Williams, the apes howled at the Moon. Hicks and Ammann disputed that.

According to Hicks, in some ways, the apes behave more like gorillas than chimpanzees. For example, they build ground nests as gorillas do, using interwoven branches and/or saplings, bent down into a central bowl. However, they frequently nest in the trees as well. Often ground nests will be found beneath or in proximity to tree nests. Their diet is decidedly chimpanzee-like, consisting mainly of fruits (fruiting trees such as strangler figs are visited often).

Hicks observed one group far from the roads and villages in 2004, saying that when they encountered it, the chimps not only approached the humans, but also would actually surround them with intent curiosity. Hicks found the behavior toward humans intriguing. They would come face-to-face, stare intently, then slide away quietly. There was little to no aggression, yet no fear, either. "Gorilla males will always charge when they encounter a hunter, but there were no stories like that" about the chimpanzees, according to Ammann. Hicks clarifies Williams' claims as follows: the apes within roughly 20 km of the roads flee humans almost without exception. The adult males show the greatest fear. Further from the roads, however, the chimpanzees become progressively "naive".

Even though these apes avoid the camera, they seem to have a curious nature. It has been observed that, when these chimps find humans around, they don’t just approach humans, but circle them out of pure curiosity. The chimpanzees would stand face to face and exchange longing glances.

Distribution
Bili is a city, and a river tributary, which lies in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's far north, about 200 km east of the Ebola River. It lies to the north of the Uélé River, to the south of this river lie deep tropical rainforests, whereas around Bili lie wetlands and the forests are broken by patches of savanna. Civil war and neglect had left the region relatively undeveloped and wild, with people still using home-made guns of ancient design in 2005.

Chimpanzees were also tracked by Ammann in the region near the city of Bondo, 200 km to the west, in 2004.

In 2006, Hicks moved the study to the much denser forests around Gangu, and 50 to 55 km from the road to Bili. By 2007 they had grown frightened of the new arrivals to the city of Bili as gold was found in the region, and moved south of the Uélé. In 2007, Hicks was based in the city of Aketi, a few hundred kilometres southwest of Bondo.

As of 2014, a large contiguous population of chimpanzees is now known to occur in the lands along both sides of the Uélé throughout Bas-Uélé District, in a range of habitats. They can be found throughout the region, in the savannahs around Bili and the dense rainforests a few hundred kilometres south. They are adapted to humans and occur within 4 km of Bili, as well as other neighbouring towns such as Lebo and Zapay, and within 13 km of large cities such as Buta.

Conservation
Primates throughout the Congo are hunted for bushmeat, although less to the north of the Uélé. Beginning in 2007 the Bili area saw an influx of gold miners, prompting concern by Westerners about the animals in the area. Over a 14-month period between September 2007 and November 2008, Hicks and his associates documented 34 chimpanzee young and 31 carcasses for sale in the cities of Buta, Aketi and Bambesa.

title: Bili ape


text:
Talk:Assemblies of God

Famous Adherents
A new line should be developed for famous adherents such as John Ashcroft, Sarah Palin, etc. Quintessential1 (talk) 19:11, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I don't think AG is small enough to need a famous adherents section. Since there are 60 million members, I'm sure a vast number of them have achieved fame or become notable. Sorafune   +1  23:59, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Just so everyone is aware, there is already a list on this. See, List of Assemblies of God people. I added a link to it to the see also section. Ltwin (talk) 01:17, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

Distinguished Theologians
A line should be considered to include distinguished theologians of the past such as Stanley Horton and present, Craig Kenner for example (although I don't think he actually teaches at an A/G university). Quintessential1 (talk) 19:18, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

4th largest body of Christians
I'm puzzled by the removal of this statement by saying that the World Methodist Council, etc. are larger. The source, if you read it, is not talking about any kind of Christian body. It is talking about international religious denominations. The AG is one denomintion (though a very decentralized one) while these other groups are organizations of fellowship for different denominations that share a history and tradition. They do not have an idea of themselves as one single movement as the AG does. Ltwin (talk) 17:17, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

 * It's not really that so. In Latin America there are many Assemblies of God sometimes competing in the same area, for example in Argentina there is a native Assemblies of God (linked to the WFAG), a Scandinavian Assemblies of God (not linked to the WFAG), two distinct Brazilian Assemblies of God (one is affiliated, other not). The statistics count all them as one group for bearing the same name, while they are even compete among themselves. Sometimes they eve re-baptize members coming from different Assemblies of God.

 * I met several German pentecostals which their church is part of the WFAG, but they reffer themselves as Federated Pentecostal (Bund).

 * Is the Independent Assemblies of God, and other similar-named group in North America the same as the General Council?

 * The AG is not a single international denomination. The WFAG is a loose forum for independent groups, as it is the World Methodist Council, the Reformed Alliance, and the Lutheran Federation.Leonardo Alves (talk) 22:52, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes there are groups with similar names. Like there are groups named Anglican who are not apart of the Anglican Communion, but know one says its impossible to give a number for the membership of the Anglican Communion! Churches with similar names have nothing to do with this. The reference cited is referring to the religious body of the Assemblies of God not a plethora of different denominations who happen to have similar names. Also, just because a WAGF affiliate goes by a different name doesn't mean it isn't counted with the overall WAGF numbers. But it is recognized that they are part of a worlwide movement. The World Methodist Council, Reformed Alliance, and the Lutheran Federation are composed of very distinct groups who associate. The AG on the other hand has fellowships, whether based on national borders or an ethnicity, who are a local and national representation of a worldwide movement. In this respect, it is very similar to the Anglican Communion which also has a very loose structure but nevertheless is seen as one worldwide movement with independent national representations. Ltwin (talk) 23:19, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Even the Assemblies of God USA refers to the WAGF as one denomination:
 * Dr. George O. Wood was elected chief executive officer of the Assemblies of God at the 52nd General Council in August 2007. As general superintendent of the Assemblies of God, USA, part of the largest Pentecostal denomination in the world . . . see here Ltwin (talk) 23:45, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I don't mean to throw a wrench in the discussion, but it seems that if one is counting major Christian communions, the Assemblies of God is actually the fifth largest. The Roman Catholics are first (1.25 billion), Eastern Orthodox second (225-300 million), Anglican Communion third (85 million), Oriental Orthodox fourth (84 million), and Assemblies of God fifth (68 million). Please correct me if I am wrong, but I'm just going off the Wikipedia articles for these other communions and comparing them. The Famous Adventurer (talk) 10:27, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Time to split the Brazilian AG article?
According to the Assembleias de Deus article, the Brazilian AG split into at least 3 different organizations. The General Convention of the Assemblies of God of Brazil (CGADB) seems to be the WAGF affiliated denomination. Unless these movements have been reunited, I think its time that each one get its own article so each denomination can be looked at individually. The Assembleias de Deus article would best become a disambiguation page for any Brazilian denominations named "Assemblies of God". Please comment at Talk:Assembleias de Deus. Ltwin (talk) 06:24, 10 November 2010 (UTC)

Assembleias de Deus Africanas
I'm assuming that the name of the English translation of this denomination is "Assemblies of God Africa" or something similar. Is this affiliated with the World Assemblies of God Fellowship? If so, is this denomination the same as the Mozambique Assemblies of God? Please comment on Talk:Assembleias de Deus Africanas. Ltwin (talk) 22:12, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

Pentecostal Union of Romania
The "Assemblies of God of Romania" are recognized officialy, since Mars 20 2008, as Apostolic Church of God from Romania (Cultul Creştin Penticostal – Biserica lui Dumnezeu Apostolică. The Pentecostal Christian Cult is made of pentecostal state unions merged into the Pentecostal Union of Romania (ro:Biserica lui Dumnezeu Apostolică). In Romania there are Mennonites and other non-denominational Christians that use the name "Assemblies of God".

CfD nomination of Category:Pentecostal pastors
Category:Pentecostal pastors and related categories have been nominated for. You are encouraged to join the discussion on the Categories for discussion page. Ltwin (talk) 17:05, 4 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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1914 founding general council in Hot Springs, AR or Little Rock, AR?
This article says the general council of preachers and laymen in 1914 was in Hot Springs, Arkansas. My grandfather Bernard Edward "Ed" Tietz attended that meeting and our family stories say it was in Little Rock. To back this up while Ed was in town for the council he found a young boy living on the streets in Little Rock and adopted him. Is there another source to verify which town had the general council? — Preceding unsigned comment added by BrendaDave (talk • contribs) 21:26, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

Biased Against Marco Feliciano and Social Christian Party in Brazil section
PSC is not a far-right party (despite being a very corrupt one), Feliciano left the party in 2018 and the accusations of sexual misconduct against him was a scam of a well-knowm convicted fraudster and psychopath liar. Please reform the Brazil section, is unjustified heavily biased against Marco Feliciano. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 177.59.1.187 (talk) 06:47, 25 December 2020 (UTC)

"White supremacist"

 * @TheLionHasSeen reverted my removal of the phrase "white supremacist" as a label for those who started the Assemblies of God in the US. The sources cited describe how the AG's founding ministers were loosely affiliated with the black Church of God in Christ but split from it to form the AG. However, the sources do not describe the AG's founders as "white supremacists". This kind of description needs to be actually stated in reliable sources - preferably by reliable historians. There is currently no reliable source labeling the founders a "white supremacists".
 * In his edit summary, TheLionHasSeen wrote that I had a "Seeming WP:CONFLICTOFINTEREST". I don't. I am not a member of the Assemblies of God. I was raised in the broader Pentecostal movement, and while I still identify as a charismatic Christian I have never been a member or attender of any Assembly of God church. Ltwin (talk) 04:43, 13 February 2023 (UTC)
 * , I stand corrected upon examining the sources. Thank you. - TheLionHasSeen (talk) 04:45, 13 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Assemblies of God


text:
Tequila, Jalisco

Santiago de Tequila (Tequillan, Tecuila "place of tribute") is a Mexican town and municipality located in the state of Jalisco about 60 km from the city of Guadalajara. Tequila is best known as being the birthplace of the drink that bears its name, "tequila," which is made from the blue agave plant, native to this area. The heart of the plant contains natural sugars and was traditionally used to make a fermented drink. After the Spanish arrived, they took this fermented beverage and distilled it, producing the tequila known today. The popularity of the drink and the history behind it has made the town and the area surrounding it a World Heritage Site. It was also named a "Pueblo Mágico" (Magical Town) in 2003 by the Mexican federal government.

The coat of arms of the municipality was officially adopted on 31 December 1983 by the municipal council. It contains the Latin phrase ALMA LAETA NOBILIS, meaning "cheerful and noble soul". Its representative symbols include the tower of the main church in the town of Tequila, the chimneys of the distilleries, the agave plant and Tequila Mountain.

History
The first peoples to live in this area were probably the people from the shaft tomb culture during the Middle Formative Period. By the Late Formative and Classic period, the Teuchitlan tradition entered the region. Several guachimonton complexes were built nearby such as Huitzilapa to the west and Amatitan to the east. The Epiclassic saw an intrusion of peoples from the Bajio region during a period of intense drought bringing with them many Central Mexican characteristics. By the Postclassic a variety of ethnic identities were in the region such as Caxcan, Cora, and Huichol. The major pre-Hispanic settlement was not where the town of Tequila is today, but rather in a place called Teochtinchán. After the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire, the Spanish moved west and this region became part of what was known as Nueva Galicia during the colonial period. Initial resistance to Spanish domination was brief. Local people fortified their major town, but in the end decided to surrender peacefully.

The village of Santiago de Tequila was founded in 1530 by Franciscan friars, who moved many of the local people here from Chiquihuitillo Mountain (now known as Tequila Volcano). In 1541, indigenous people in various parts of Nueva Galicia revolted against Spanish rule. Locally, The Tecoxines and Caxcanes in the towns of Tlaltenango, Xochipila, Nochictlán and Teocaltech rebelled first, with those in Tequila joining later. These rebels made their stand on Tequila Mountain. Friar Juan Calero of the monastery near Tequila went to try and pacify the situation, but he was killed by a barrage of arrows and rocks. His body was stripped of its robes and hung on the local stone idol. Another monk who died trying to negotiate a settlement was Friar Antonio de Cuellar of the Etzatlan monastery. In October 1541, the situation in Nueva Galicia was so serious that the viceroy, Antonio de Mendoza, arrived from Mexico City. Rebel chief Diego Zacatecas went to meet with the viceroy, but was immediately taken prisoner by the Spanish. The price for his release was the end of the rebellion and for the chief to convert to Christianity.

In 1600, Pedro Sánchez de Tagle decided to build a large scale distilling operation based on a local fermented beverage made with the local agave plant. He also introduced the idea of cultivating this plant, native to the region, on a mass scale.

At the beginning of the 19th century came another rebellion in the Tequila area, this time led by a man only known as "The Gold Mask". This rebellion was suppressed by the governor of Nueva Galicia, José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, for which he was subsequently promoted to viceroy of Peru.

Shortly after this came the Mexican War of Independence. Rafael Pérez, under orders from José María Mercado, came to Tequila with 200 men to take over the town from royalist forces. After Independence, the town to Tequila was made the seat of one of the departments of the new state of Jalisco. When these departments were reorganized into municipalities, the town of Tequila was made the seat of the municipality of the same name. In 1874, the town of Tequila was given the official status of city. This was in recognition of an event in 1873, when Sixto Gorjón, about 50 police and citizens of Tequila fought off a group of bandits headed by Manuel Lozada, known as "The Tiger of Alicia".

The town
The town of Tequila had a population of 26,809 (2010 census), accounting for about 73% of the municipality's inhabitants. It contains the main parish church, Our Lady of the Purísima Concepción, built in the 18th century by Martín Casillas. The church has a stone facade, a bell tower and inverted truncated pyramid (estipite) pilasters that flank the main portal. The portal has two levels and a crown. The first level contains the door arch with has moulding and a seal and is supported by two Doric columns. The upper portion contains a window with moulding with Doric columns in each side, decorated with curves and vegetable motifs. The crown at the top contains a sculpture of the Archangel Michael in a niche flanked by Doric columns. The side portal is an arched entrance with Tuscan columns and cornice and a cross in relief at the midpoint. Inside are one nave and a Neoclassical main altar. Also inside is a statue of Our Lady of the Conception which dates from 1865.

Notable secular structures include the Quinta Sauza built in the 1830s and the La Perserverancia distillery which was built in 1873. The Quinta Sauza has a large exterior garden with elaborate stone fountains. In the atrium, there are carvings with scenes from the passion of Christ. The facade of the house has reliefs of plants in which there are several entrances. Inside, there is a courtyard with a decorated fountain in the center and the entrance to the chapel in the back, which is decorated with plant and serpent motifs. In La Perseverancisa there is a huge work painted by Gabriel Flores in 1969 depicting the making and drinking of tequila. The distillery has guided tours. This distillery also has a museum in front of the municipal palace, containing paintings, photographs, sculptures and the machinery of the La Perservancia distillery and a room dedicated to regional crafts.

The National Museum of Tequila (MUNAT) is located in the town of Tequila on land that was purchased and set aside by Cipriano Rosales at the beginning of the 20th century for cultural and/or educational activities. The Eduardo González Primary School was established first in 1933, which became a vocational high school in 1979. This was closed in the 1980s due to the deterioration of the building. After extensive remodeling, it reopened as the Casa de Cultura Tequilense (Tequila Cultural Center) and remained so until 2000, when it was converted into the National Museum of Tequila. It is the first museum in the world dedicated to this liquor.

Just10 km outside the town of Tequila proper is the Sanctuary of Saint Toribio Romo González on the road that leads to the Balneario La Toma, in a community called Agua Caliente. Toribio Romo was recently canonized by John Paul II. The Sanctuary is located in the place where Saint Toribio, as in commonly known was apprehended and shot during the Cristero War.

The National Festival of Tequila is held every year from the end of November to the middle of December. During this event, a Tequila Queen is crowned and the main distillers in the area all have a presence with samples of their tequila. There are also charreada events and a parade with floats, cockfights, mariachis, fireworks and rides. This festival coincides with the feast of Tequila's patron saint, Our Lady of the Purisíma Concepción.

A surprising tradition for those not from Tequila is the nightly blessing of the town by the parish priest. At 9pm every night, the priest offers blessings by ringing a bell three times, and directing the holy of holyest cross with the sacraments towards all 4 cardinal points. At this moment, everyone in the town stops what they are doing, including turning off things like the television or radio and stands for the blessing.

The town and the beverage

The beverage called tequila is really a variety of mezcal, made wholly or mostly from the blue agave plant. This plant is native to the Tequila area so this version of mescal was named after the town. Use of the agave plant goes far back into the pre-Hispanic period. Traditionally, it was cultivated to combat soil erosion, used as an element in house construction, in the production of cleaning products, and more. The "piña" (lit. pineapple) or heart of the plant was used by the indigenous peoples cooked as a sweet, and as the base for a fermented alcoholic beverage. This beverage was called mescal by the native people and was much like what is called pulque today. By the time the Spanish arrived, the natives had already been cultivating the plant. The Spanish first considered taking the plant back to Spain but decided to develop it and its product in Mexico.

The Spanish introduced distillation to turn the native fermented mescal into what is now known as tequila. The original mescal was already a well-known drink that was sold in towns regularly, and when the Spanish discovered this they used it as the source product for distillation. It was an excellent product because by 1546, soldiers were obliged to mix their water with these agave alcohols, as drinking water was often contaminated. Drinks made from Agave plants rose in popularity very quickly. Agave products were prized to the extent that they were objects of trade over considerable distances, for example, from Arizona’s Grand Canyon as much as 450 km eastward to consumers on the Colorado Plateau.

The first large-scale distillery was created in 1600 and over the colonial period demand for the drink resulted in some of the oldest, still-operating enterprises in this area such as: "La Rojeña", founded in 1795; "El Tigre" (now La Constancia) founded in 1823; Destiladora de Occidente (now "Tequila D’Reyes") founded in 1840; La Perseverancia (now Tequila Sauza) founded in 1873; El Llano (now Tequila Azteca) founded in 1876; La Mexicana (now Tequila Orendain) founded 1879.

The progress of tequila as a national drink was not without several "booms" and fall-backs. The initial boom on a global scale that would promote the drink further was when the drink began to captivate the European palette. Mexicans going to Europe discovered that their national drink was famous there, and upon returning they would drink it and promote it in their social circles. In this way we see the globalization process, and the progress of the drink as a symbol of identity for the region. Further, in 1873, the "Mezcal wine" (a former name used when referring to Tequila the drink) from the region of Jalisco was officially named "Tequila", in order to distinguish it from Mezcal spirits produced in the south of Mexico, such as those produced in Oaxaca.

The name "Tequila" has been protected by the Mexican government since 1974, and its use is limited to products distilled from agave grown in certain regions of Mexico. These regions are in the states of Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, and Guanajuato, and parts of the State of Tamaulipas. The lands in Tamaulipas were added later as the need to cultivate blue agave grew, and these lands and the agave grown on them were certified by the Mexican government for quality. The term is also limited to fifteen production facilities such as Tequila Sauza, Tequila Orendaín, and Jorge Salles Cuervo.

Long-established distilleries here produce between 500 and 1000 liters a day but this is not enough to meet the international demand for the product which has skyrocketed since the 1980s. The number of brands of tequila have also increased exponentially, since the incorporation of national and international investors, politicians, entrepreneurs, distribution intermediaries, marketers, among others, have made their appearance interested in participating in the mezcal market. The popularity of the drink has led to the attraction of thousands of visitors to the area each year to see the fields, distilleries, Museo Nacional de Tequila (The National Museum of Tequila), the Barraca de Tequila and to ride the Tequila Express, which is a train that runs from Guadalajara to tequila country, arriving at the Tequila railway station. The train has 4 cars with a capacity of 68 people and usually requires that tickets be bought a month in advance.

World Heritage Site
The history and culture behind tequila production has led to the town of Tequila and the vast agave fields surrounding it to be declared a World Heritage Site. It encompasses 35,019 hectares between the foothills of the Tequila Volcano and the valley of the Rio Grande de Santiago, which is covered in fields of blue agave. For over 2,000 years, this plant has been used to make fermented drinks and cloth and since the 16th century has been used to make the distilled liquor with the name of Tequila. Both the drink and the culture associated with making it has become absorbed into Mexican identity. Within these fields are the towns of Tequila, Arenal, Amatitan and Teuchitlán with large tequila production facilities. This site contains an inventory of fields, distilleries and factories (active and inactive) as well as "tabernas" (illegal tequila facilities during the Colonial period), the towns and the Teuchitlán archeological sites. Many of the tequila-making facilities are located on large haciendas which date back as far as the 18th century. Most distilleries and haciendas are made of brick and adobe, featuring stucco walls with an ochre lime-wash, stone arches, quoins and window frames. Most are decorated with Neoclassical or Baroque ornamentation. The production of tequila represents the fusion of the pre-Hispanic tradition of making alcohol with agave with European distilling techniques. The Teuchitlán archeological site is of one of the first cultures here that first produced an agricultural society here.

Tequila tourism
The Tequila Route as a tourist destination was created in 2006 and the Tequila Express were created with the aim of promoting the tourism of Tequila into the neighboring municipalities of El Arenal, Amatitán, Magdalena and Teuchitlan, which also contain important tequila facilities, as well as cultural and archeological attractions. Both also go through the vast blue agave fields that were recently named a World Heritage Site. The Tequila Route was created and is supervised by the Consejo Regulador del Tequila, which regulates the production and authenticity of the liquor produced here. Other attractions on the route include archeological sites, old mansions and opal and obsidian mines. The archeological sites primarily belong to a culture known as the Guachimontones located in the municipalities of Teuchitlan and Magdalena. In a number of the old hacienda/distilleries, visitors are invited to try their hand at some of the aspects of tequila making, such as cutting the spines off the agave plant. Most of these haciendas also have tasting rooms and restaurants. Along the route is the Tequila Volcano.

The Tequila Express is a train for tourists which has been in operation since 1997. On Saturdays and Sundays this train takes passengers through tequila country, accompanied by live mariachi music and bilingual guides to the Hacienda San José del Refugio. Another guided tour is Tequila Adventure, which shuttle people in vans to the distilleries of la Cofradía and Mundo Cuervo.

The Mexican National Tequila Fair is held every year from 30 November to 12 December. It includes parades, charreadas (Mexican rodeos), cock fights, serenades with mariachis, and firework displays.

Tequila has also been famous for being the prime setting in the Televisa telenovela Destilando Amor, starring Angélica Rivera and Eduardo Yáñez.

Geography
Tequila is one of the 124 municipalities of Jalisco, located just west of the center of the state. Its territory extends for 1689.11km2, with elevations that vary between 700 and 2,900 meters above sea level. The municipality borders with the main metropolitan region of Guadalajara to the east (Zapopan), and the State of Zacatecas to the north. All of the neighboring municipalities surrounding Mount Tequila conform the greater region of 'Tequila'. These include the adjacent municipalities of Amatitlán, Magdalena, San Juanito de Escobedo, San Martín de Bolaños, San Cristóbal de la Barranca, Hostotipaquillo and, south of Tequila Volcano: Teuchtilán and Ahualulco de Mercado. The original land-subdivision of the region was delineated by the Agave-growing haciendas that are found throughout.

After Independence, the state of Jalisco was originally divided into 26 departments, with Tequila being one of the seats of these departments. After modern municipalities were created, Tequila remained a seat, but of the municipality that bears its name. This municipality contains 207 communities with the most populous (outside of the town of Tequila) being El Salvador, San Martín de las Cañas, Santa Teresa and Potrero de la Rivera aside from the municipal seat. The total population of the municipality is 38,534, 73% of which lives in the municipal seat of Tequila.

The municipality is located on rugged terrain with little flat space except in some valleys. The Santiago y Chico River constitutes the low points of the municipality at 700 meters while the high peaks are located in the south. The highest mountain is Tequila Volcano or Tequila Mountain at 2,900 meters. This as an inactive volcano, not having had an eruption in more than 220,000 years, and dominates the landscape in the center of the municipality. Hiking and other ecotourism is possible here but infrastructure such as roads, security and signs are minimal. The eastern part of the municipality is dominated by the Sierra de los Balcones.

Climate
Tequila has a tropical savanna climate with some semi-arid influences. It has a dry season in the winter and spring and a rainy season in summer and fall. Temperatures do not vary greatly between summer and winter and average about 22.7 C. The higher elevations have pine and oak forest while the lower elevations have mesquite, nopal, and other vegetation. The municipality has 28,430 hectares of mostly pine forest in the higher mountain areas. The major rivers of the municipality are the Santiago, El Chico and Bolaños and a large number of small streams.

Most of the municipality's economy is still based on agriculture, employing about 47% of its people. Despite the very visible growing of the blue agave plant, most acres here are still devoted to corn. Other crops include sorghum, beans, mangos, oranges, avocados and squash. Livestock includes beef cattle, dairy cattle, pigs, goats, horses, fowl and bees. The making of tequila employs about 25% of the municipality's population, but brings in the most money. It accounts for almost all the municipality's industrial base. Tourism, such as that related to tequila and ecotourism sites are a growing part of the economy. One example of ecotourism here is the Balneario La Toma, which is located on very rugged terrain with cliffs, promoting rappelling, paragliding and other similar sports. There is some mining here, mostly of opals, gold and silver.

Sister cities
Tequila maintains sister city relations with Cathedral City, California which is located in the Coachella Valley of Southern California. Tequila Council members, business promoters and Rotary Club officials have attended many celebrations hosted by the California city, including the Tequila Festival, held in 1998 which highlighted the arts, culture, and products of Tequila, Jalisco. The city of Cathedral City has since renewed an annual tradition of celebrating the twenty year anniversary of sister city which in 2016 happened to coincide with the 35th anniversary of incorporation of Cathedral City, The Taste of Jalisco Festival was held in downtown, the 2nd year honoring the culture, music, and food of the city's diverse Mexican heritage.

Other sister cities include Jelenia Góra, Poland.

title: Tequila, Jalisco


text:
Steam rupture

A steam rupture occurs within a pressurized system of super critical water when the pressure exceeds the design plus safety margin specification. A steam rupture can occur in any high temperature pressurized system, including, but not limited to: automobile cooling systems, stationary power plants, mobile power plants, steam driven tools (such as some trip hammers), and even the delivery systems for application processes such as cleaning and fabric fullering.

title: Steam rupture


text:
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