text:
Talk:T'Pau (band)

Tim Burgess
Is Tim Burgess from T'Pau the same person as Tim Burgess from The Charlatans? pomegranate 13:45, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

No! T'Pau (the band) was formed by the amalgamation of two Shropshire based bands... "The Dealer" and "Under The Sun".

The Dealer was a pop-based covers band fronted by Carol. I saw them play at a 6th form ball at New College in Wellington in 1979.

Under the Sun was a prog-rock based band based in Wellington (I have a limited run album which I bought off Paul Jackson (T'Pau bass) in 1978 when we were both in the same Business Studies class at TCAT.

Any word on if this band derived its name from the Star Trek: TOS character "T'Pau", the Vulcan high priestess who oversaw the divorce of Spock and T'Pring?
 * Yes, it's mentioned in the opening paragraph. I don't think any of them were huge Star Trek fans, though - I think they just stumbled across the name and liked it. --Bonalaw 11:06, 9 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, Carol has said in interviews that she had the telly on and the above mentioned episode was on had liked the name T'Pau (but this may be just what she tells people when they ask ... "Why did you call the band T'Pau?" --Jaster 13:58, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

There is now a birthplace conflict for Carol Decker listed in the T'Pau article and the Carol Decker article.--cmulgrew (talk) 09:21, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

 * As it says above Carol edited both this page and the T'Pau page one of the edits she did was
 * Carol Decker (born 10 September 1957, in liverpool)
 * can we take this as being correct ...? lɘɘяɘM яɘɫƨɐƮ 11:39, 18 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes we can. :)--cmulgrew (talk) 05:27, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 02:56, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

T& → T'Pau — The band has an article in its own right. The Star Trek character does not, she is part of a longer article on Star Trek characters. She is not that important a character, I think she only appeared in one episode of the original series, and might be half-forgotten by all except serious fans if she had not had a band named after her. It is beside the point that the band was named after the character, we have several cases of films based on books where it has been decided that the film is now the primary meaning. Where we have only 2 meanings of a name, the margin of notability does not have to be very much to decided that one is the primary meaning. PatGallacher (talk) 11:17, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose.The Star Trek serles has proved long-lasting. The band is likely to be as ephemeral as most routine pop music bands. Anthony Appleyard (talk)

 * Oppose; I agree that the margin of notability does not have to be very much, but I believe it's on the other side. Powers T 13:41, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Support. The notabilty of the Star Trek franchise is not the issue here. The character is a minor one without a seperate article, hence I agree with the nom that priority should be given to the band. Since the heyday of the band was some 20 years ago and they are still reasonably well known, I don't think that Anthony Appleyard has much of a point with his above comment. PC78 (talk) 15:43, 7 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Support. The fictional character is non-notable per WP:FICTION. —   AjaxSmack   02:38, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose more books Gbooks appear to be about the Star Trek character than the band. 76.66.203.138 (talk) 06:15, 8 November 2010 (UTC)
 * While I hate to pick apart an argument that agrees with me, I don't think fiction is the best measure of notability. Powers T 12:20, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose - The Star Trek character is quite notable. I have never even heard of the band. -- Alpha Quadrant   talk    17:28, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose - the character is the primary topic here. See GScholar for more information.--SarekOfVulcan (talk) 18:06, 9 November 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 11:08, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&searchlink=T\'PAU&sql=TPau&opt1=1

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Requested move 22 June 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: no consensus. No agreement on the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC here – some said it was the band, others said it was the character, still others said there was WP:NOPRIMARY at all. Clickstreams seem to suggest no primary; pageviews seem to suggest the band is primary. No side appears to have a sufficiently decisive argument to achieve consensus. (closed by non-admin page mover) ModernDayTrilobite (talk • contribs) 15:10, 10 July 2023 (UTC)

– Primary topic, the Star Trek character does not have her own article, could be dealt with by a hatnote or disambiguation page. PatGallacher (talk) 23:41, 22 June 2023 (UTC) — Relisting. BilledMammal (talk) 10:56, 2 July 2023 (UTC)
 * T'Pau (band) → T'Pau
 * T'Pau → T'Pau (disambiguation)
 * Note: pages with content, such as T'Pau, are ineligible to be proposed titles in move requests unless they, too, are dispositioned. "T'Pau → T'Pau (disambiguation)" was added to this request to meet that requirement.  P.I. Ellsworth  , ed.  put'er there 01:11, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

 * https://wikinav.toolforge.org/?language=en&title=T%27Pau indicates that in May, there were 701 views of T'Pau, and then 381 outgoing clickstreams towards the band and 303 towards the character. This absolutely does not match the guideline of WP:PTOPIC on the matter of usage, so this should not be moved without a better rationale. --Joy (talk) 07:39, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Reply WP:DPT actually states "There are no absolute rules for determining whether a primary topic exists and what it is". Clickstreams etc. are by no means decisive.  I suggest that it is significant that the Vulcan matriarch does not have her own article, just a short entry in a list of Star Trek character. PatGallacher (talk) 13:10, 23 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Of course there are no absolute rules, but they show that a lot of people already aren't apparently interested reading about the band, so the onus is on you to present a rationale on why it's better for them to start having to click a hatnote instead of the status quo. Why is the average English reader significantly more likely to be better served by reading about the band before they read about the character? How is the long-term significance of the band substantially greater than that of the character? What if the character gets a standalone article, does anything change and why? --Joy (talk) 14:23, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

 * Support. Might be important that editors do not (like I did at first) confuse T'Pau with T'Pol. The former was in only one Enterprise episode while the latter was an Enterprise regular. Sheesh, what a "my bad"! Anyway, agree that the band is PTOPIC hands down, no contest: |T%27Pau_(Star_Trek)|T%27Pau_-_Heart_and_Soul|T%27Pau_(album) page views.  P.I. Ellsworth  , ed.  put'er there 14:27, 23 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. PTOPIC per pageviews. I'm also astonished, but then again NWFCTM...
 * C LYDE TALK TO ME/STUFF DONE (please mention me on reply) 02:43, 24 June 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Strong oppose the character is far more notable than the band. "does not have her own article" is irrelevant. In ictu oculi (talk) 14:46, 24 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose the nominator says why this is wrong. The primary topic is a different topic, just because it isn't an article in and of itself does not mean it is not the primary topic. Subtopics can and do exist as primary topics -- 64.229.90.172 (talk) 04:48, 25 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Both are pretty notable. -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:24, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Weak oppose as there is no apparent strong dominance of one topic or the other. Per WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT, "The fact that an article has a different title is not a factor in determining whether a topic is primary." — BarrelProof (talk) 18:49, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:T'Pau (band)


text:
Kum

Kum or KUM may refer to:

Geography

 * Kum (mountain), a mountain in Slovenia
 * Geum River (a.k.a. Kum), a river in South Korea

West Asia

 * Kum, Mazandaran, Iran
 * Kum, West Azerbaijan, Iran
 * Qom, a city in Iran
 * Qom Province, Iran, whose seat is Qom
 * Qum, Azerbaijan

Culture

 * Kum, a Slavic form of a godfather or a groomsman, similar to a blood brother
 * Kum., an abbreviation of the Indian honorific Kumari, used for unmarried women
 * Guqin (a.k.a. Kum or Qin), a Cantonese musical instrument (琴)

People

 * Kum, Cantonese form of Qin (surname) (琴) and Jin (Chinese surname) (金)
 * Christian Kum, Dutch footballer
 * Kumkum (actress) (a.k.a. Kum Kum), Bollywood actress of 1950s–1970s

Other uses

 * Kum-Kum, an anime
 * Yakushima Airport, whose IATA airport code is "KUM"
 * Kumyk language (ISO code ), a Turkic language spoken by the Kumyks

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kum


text:
Talk:Arunachal macaque

just in case you can grin more information from article
I am posting a link to another article on the same animal as it is possible it can be marginally helpful. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Wk muriithi (talk • contribs)

Killer Dolphins
I have posted a long comment in the Talk section of the main Macaque genus article, about the renaming of all the macaque species articles to "[Name] Macaque" (e.g. "Barbary Macaque") from their traditionally names (e.g. Barbary Ape).

Would you please take a look at that here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Macaque#Killer_Dolphins

And then correct this individual species article as necessary — I'm not sure which macaque species may have actually been called "[Name] Macaque" traditionally.

(And I hope you can see that the fact that I don't know that, after reading a Wikipedia article about the species, is why rewriting reality in Wikipedia is a problem.)

Thanks! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.180.30.135 (talk) 12:19, 16 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arunachal macaque


text:
Problem of evil in Hinduism

The standard problem of evil found in monotheistic religions does not apply to almost all traditions of Hinduism because it does not posit an omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent creator.

Scholars have proposed alternate forms of the problem of evil based on Hinduism's karma and transmigration doctrines. According to Arthur Herman, karma-transmigration theory solves all three historical formulations to the problem of evil while acknowledging the theodicy insights of Adi Shankara and Ramanuja.

Applicability
Hinduism is a complex religion with many different currents or schools. Its non-theist traditions such as Samkhya, early Nyaya, Mimamsa and many within Vedanta do not posit the existence of an almighty, omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent god (monotheistic god), and the classical formulations of the problem of evil and theodicy do not apply to most Hindu traditions. Further, deities in Hinduism are neither eternal nor omnipotent nor omniscient nor omnibenevolent. Devas are mortal and subject to samsara. Evil as well as good, along with suffering is considered real and caused by human free will, its source and consequences explained through the karma doctrine of Hinduism, as in other Indian religions.

Both evil (agha, अघ) and suffering (dukkha, दुःख) are extensively discussed in ancient and medieval Hindu texts. However, neither good nor evil, neither bliss nor suffering are linked to gods or god, but considered a part of the innate nature of living in the Saṃsāra cycle of rebirths. In Hindu thought, some suffering is self-caused (karma in this life or past life, either intentionally or from ignorance), some caused by evilness of others, some are natural (aging, disease, natural disasters). Some texts include the actions or influence of supernatural forces on evil experienced by man. One text of the ancient Samkhya school of Hinduism, for example describes three kinds of suffering: first, of body and mind caused by diseases or personal behavior such as anger, greed, delusion, etc.; second, suffering caused by other beings such as men, beasts, reptiles etc.; third, suffering caused by the influence of yaksha, planets and such forces. The Hindu texts describe and discuss suffering caused by both moral evils and natural evils.

Hinduism and other Indian religions do not focus on the problem of evil as formulated in monotheistic religions, by attempting to reconcile the nature of one all-powerful, all-seeing, all-benevolent god with existence of evil. Rather, they focus on the path to spiritual liberation called moksha, one that grants bliss in the present life such that evil and suffering have no effect on the liberated person's state of inner peace and happiness, and attaining moksha also means an end to the cycle of rebirth. In theistic devotional sub-traditions of Hinduism, the personal god such as Krishna or Shiva or Devi is believed by the Hindu to stand by, as a form of spiritual support and liberator, when one faces evil and suffers.

Problem of Injustice in the Brahma sutras
A version of the problem of evil appears in the ancient Brahma Sutras, probably composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE, a foundational text of the Vedanta tradition of Hinduism. Its verses 2.1.34 through 2.1.36 aphoristically mention a version of the problem of suffering and evil in the context of the abstract metaphysical Hindu concept of Brahman. The verse 2.1.34 of Brahma Sutras asserts that inequality and cruelty in the world cannot be attributed to the concept of Brahman, and this is in the Vedas and the Upanishads. In his interpretation and commentary on the Brahma Sutras, the 8th-century scholar Adi Shankara states that just because some people are happier than others and just because there is so much malice, cruelty and pain in the world, some state that Brahman cannot be the cause of the world. Shankara attributes evil and cruelty in the world to Karma of oneself, of others, and to ignorance, delusion and wrong knowledge, but not to the abstract Brahman. Shankara develops the argument that God is not the Brahman, and that "a loving and good God could not have created the universe", a position held by Advaita Vedanta school of Hinduism.

"For that would lead to the possibility of partiality and cruelty. For it can be reasonably concluded that God has passion and hatred like some ignoble persons... Hence there will be a nullification of God's nature of extreme purity, (unchangeability), etc., [...] And owing to infliction of misery and destruction on all creatures, God will be open to the charge of pitilessness and extreme cruelty, abhorred even by a villain. Thus on account of the possibility of partiality and cruelty, God is not an agent."

- Adi Shankara

In other words, in the Brahma Sutras, the formulation of problem of evil is considered a metaphysical construct, but not a moral issue. Ramanuja of the theistic Sri Vaishnavism school – a major tradition within Vaishnavism – interprets the same verse in the context of Vishnu, and asserts that Vishnu only creates potentialities.

According to Swami Gambhirananda, Sankara's commentary explains that God cannot be charged with partiality or cruelty (i.e. injustice) on account of his taking the factors of virtuous and vicious actions (Karma) performed by an individual in previous lives. If an individual experiences pleasure or pain in this life, it is due to virtuous or vicious action (Karma) done by that individual in a past life

Ramanuja of the theistic Sri Vaishnavism school interprets the same verse in the context of Vishnu, and asserts that Vishnu only creates potentialities. According to Arvind Sharma, Shankara's Advaita Vedanta school does not attribute the evil and suffering to the abstract concept of Brahman, but to ignorance, delusion and wrong knowledge. The universe and all existence is without a beginning or end, and Brahman is everything before and after that beginning, before and after the end. Further, in Hindu thought, neither evil nor error are final, all happiness and suffering is impermanent, and truth ultimately triumphs.

Karma doctrine and the problem of evil
The theory of karma refers to the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that individual (effect). The problem of evil, in the context of karma, has been long discussed in Indian religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, both in its theistic and non-theistic schools; for example, in Uttara Mīmāṃsā Sutras Book 2 Chapter 1; the 8th century arguments by Adi Sankara in Brahmasutrabhasya where he posits that God cannot reasonably be the cause of the world because there exists moral evil, inequality, cruelty and suffering in the world; and the 11th century theodicy discussion by Ramanuja in Sribhasya.

Many Indian religions place greater emphasis on developing the karma principle for first cause and innate justice with Man as focus, rather than developing religious principles with the nature and powers of God and divine judgment as focus. Karma theory of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism is not static, but dynamic wherein livings beings with intent or without intent, but with words and actions continuously create new karma, and it is this that they believe to be in part the source of good or evil in the world. These religions also believe that past lives or past actions in current life create current circumstances, which also contributes to either. Other scholars suggest that nontheistic Indian religious traditions do not assume an omnibenevolent creator, and some theistic schools do not define or characterize their God(s) as monotheistic Western religions do and the deities have colorful, complex personalities; the Indian deities are personal and cosmic facilitators, and in some schools conceptualized like Plato’s Demiurge. Therefore, the problem of theodicy in many schools of major Indian religions is not significant, or at least is of a different nature than in Western religions.

Dvaita tradition of Vaishnavism
One sub-tradition within the Vaishnavism school of Hinduism that is an exception is dualistic Dvaita, founded by Madhvacharya in the 13th-century. Madhvacharya was challenged by Hindu scholars on the problem of evil, given his dualistic Dvaita Vedanta (Tattvavada) theory that proposed God (Vishnu, supreme soul) and the individual souls (jīvātman) exist as independent realities, and these are distinct. Madhvacharya asserted, Yathecchasi tatha kuru, which Sharma translates and explains as "one has the right to choose between right and wrong, a choice each individual makes out of his own responsibility and his own risk". According to Sharma, "Madhva's tripartite classification of souls makes it unnecessary to answer the problem of evil".

title: Problem of evil in Hinduism


text: User talk:83.130.175.246

title: User talk:83.130.175.246


text:
SS Federico C.

SS Federico C. was a cruise ship that made headlines when its passengers were unloaded mid-way through their cruise and the vessel was put under arrest in Halifax Harbour. The ship then sank in international waters three months later. At the time of the sinking, It was owned by International Shipping Partners and insured for $20M while its scrap value was estimated at $5–6M.

History
The ship was launched on 31 March 1957 and completed in March 1958 by the Ansaldo Sestri Ponente shipyard in Italy as Federico C, the first new ship built for the Costa Cruises. The ship initially provided a liner service between Genoa, Italy and Buenos Aires, Argentina via Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During that time, in 1963, Witold Gombrowicz traveled from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Europe on the ship. The famous Polish writer and playwright left his home country 24 years earlier aboard MV Chrobry, having been invited to take part in the maiden voyage of the latest addition to the Polish flotilla of liners. In 1966 Federico C was transferred to a service between Genoa and Florida, the Caribbean and Venezuela. The ship underwent a major refit in 1968, then added Caribbean cruises between trans-Atlantic trips. Federico C operated cruises exclusively from 1972 until 1983, when the ship was sold.

In 1983, Premier Cruises obtained the ship and named it Royale; it became StarShip Royale in the same year. In 1988, the ship was renamed SeaBreeze when it was placed in service for Dolphin Cruise Lines. One year later, the ship had been refurbished. Premier took possession of the ship when it acquired Dolphin in 1997. When Premier went out of business in September 2000, the ship was ordered to immediately cease operations and dock at Halifax Harbour. Some days later, it sailed to be laid up in Freeport, Bahamas.

Sinking
On December 17, 2000, the ship sank off the coast of North Carolina/Virginia. The boiler allegedly broke off and damaged the ship.

The investigation into the sinking of Seabreeze I caused international concern, based upon numerous suspicious incidents, including the fact that the ship was likely to fetch only between $5 and $6 million for scrap, but had a $20 million insurance policy on it. The cruise ship sank in international waters flying the Panamanian flag, making Panama responsible for the investigation of the sinking.

The ship's captain told the United States Coast Guard rescuers that his boat was in imminent danger of sinking as a result of its engine room being flooded in high winds and 25 ft seas. At the time, the Coast Guard rescuers believed that it was highly unlikely for a ship that large to sink that quickly, and were astonished when the Greek captain demanded that all hands be extracted from the ship, instead of requesting salvage tugs and trying to tow it to shore for recovery. Subsequently, all 34 crewmembers were rescued; there were no passengers on board.

At the time of the sinking, Steven Cotton of the International Transport Workers' Federation in London stated that he wished that the ship, which went down 225 nmi off the Virginia coast, had gone down 25 nmi closer to the coast because that would have put the case in the hands of American investigators. According to Cotton, "Panama's track record of carrying out comprehensive investigations into vessel sinkings is not very good."

The vessel had just been purchased by Cruise Ventures III, a subsidiary of New York-based DLJ Capital Funding, and was traveling from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Charleston, South Carolina.

title: SS Federico C.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fforum

Fforum
Delete --Blade Hirato 13:53, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Wikipedia is not a web guide or forum guide. Geogre 16:42, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Maybe move the link to Jasper Fforde, then delete ? iMeowbot 17:39, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --fvw *  19:56, 2004 Dec 16 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mikkalai 21:40, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The moving of link from iMeowbot sounds like a good idea. Andre Engels 02:39, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, because Wyss 04:02, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * because what? --fvw *  04:40, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)
 * culturally notable, interesting Wyss 15:26, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Merge to Jasper Fforde; I don't think it should redirect. Samaritan 05:31, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep but I think a redirect or merge would be also ok; if you ever visited the Fforum, you would probably concur with Wyss, as do I Lectonar 10:38, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: fancruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 16:42, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Mmerge wwith Jasper Fforde, it is a ffun llittle pplace (I llike rreading it), bbut I ddon't kknow if it nneeds its own article. Yyet. Inky 22:12, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fforum


text:
Warrick Dunn

Warrick De'Mon Dunn (born January 5, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for twelve seasons. He was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 12th overall in the 1997 NFL draft, after playing college football for the Florida State Seminoles. Dunn was named AP NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year in 1997 and earned three Pro Bowl selections in his career. After his playing career, Dunn took a minority stake in the Falcons' ownership group led by Arthur Blank.

Early life
At Catholic High in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Dunn played quarterback, cornerback, and running back. During his sophomore year, he helped lead Catholic High to the state 4A championship game for the first time in its history. He was an All-America honorable mention selection by USA Today as a senior.

On January 7, 1993, two days after Dunn's eighteenth birthday, his mother, Betty Smothers, a Baton Rouge Police Officer, was murdered while working an off-duty security job. Dunn became the head of his family and raised his siblings. He later met with one of his mother's killers, Kevan Brumfield, and offered his forgiveness.

College career
Dunn played college football at Florida State University, where he rushed for over 1,000 yards in 3 straight seasons. He graduated in 1997 with a bachelor's degree in information studies. He was a three-time All-ACC selection.

Dunn's jersey, along with those of other Seminoles players such as Fred Biletnikoff, Ron Sellers, Ron Simmons, Charlie Ward, Deion Sanders, and Chris Weinke, has been retired by the university. His number (28) may still be worn by Seminole players, but his jersey will be displayed in the Moore Athletic Center at FSU. He also won a national championship in 1993 with Florida State.

Track and field
Warrick Dunn was also an accomplished track and field star, named as an Associated Press All-American as a member of Florida State's men's 4x100m relay team. Dunn competed on the Seminoles' track & field team as a sprinter during all four years he was enrolled at Florida State. His personal best in the 100 meters is 10.3 seconds.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers (first stint)
Dunn was selected in the first round of the 1997 NFL draft with the 12th overall pick by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Dunn had a highly successful rookie season, was selected to the NFC Pro Bowl team, and named the Associated Press Offensive Rookie of the Year. Dunn spent the next four years of his career in Tampa Bay, and was again named to the Pro Bowl in 2000. In game 13 of that season, he had a career-best 210 yards rushing against the Dallas Cowboys (then, 2nd most in franchise history).

Atlanta Falcons
A free agent in the 2002 offseason, Dunn signed with the Atlanta Falcons. Once again, he made a positive impact on his team with 9 total TDs and in that year, he led the league with a 5.4 yards per carry average. Dunn scored the most rushing touchdowns in his career, 9, in the 2004 season despite splitting carries with T.J. Duckett and also led the team in rushing with 1,106 yards. Having led his team in rushing yards again in 2005, Dunn was named the NFC's Pro Bowl team, marking his third selection to the team. For his career, Dunn has only missed 10 games and has a total of 2,256 carries for 9,461 yards 43 touchdowns and a 4.2 average. Dunn finished his first 10 seasons with at least 1,000 combined rushing and receiving yards per season. During the 2007 season, with Falcons starting quarterback Byron Leftwich out with a high ankle sprain, Dunn served as the third string emergency quarterback behind Joey Harrington and Chris Redman, a position he played in high school.

On March 3, 2008, the Falcons released Dunn per his request. This came a day after the Falcons signed former San Diego Chargers backup running back Michael Turner. On December 17, 2009, he became a minority owner of the Atlanta Falcons.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers (second stint)
On March 10, 2008, Dunn returned to the Buccaneers after signing a two-year, $6 million contract. In week 6 against the Carolina Panthers, Dunn had his first 100-yard game since re-joining the Buccaneers. Dunn was released by the Buccaneers on February 25, 2009. He retired from the NFL 14th all-time in all-purpose yards with 15,306 (20th ) and 19th in rushing yards with 10,967 (23rd ).

Falcons franchise records
's NFL off-season, Warrick Dunn has held at least 11 Falcons franchise records, including:
 * Rush Yards: playoffs (310), playoff game (142 on 2005-01-15 STL)
 * Rush Yds/Att: playoffs (5.08), playoff season (6.28 in 2004), playoff game (8.35 on 2005-01-15 STL)
 * Rushing TDs: playoffs (3), playoff season (3 in 2004), playoff game (2 on 2005-01-15 STL)
 * Rush Yds/Game: playoffs (77.5), playoff season (100.5 in 2004)
 * 100+ yard rushing games: playoffs (1, tied with Jamal Anderson and Michael Vick)

Buccaneers franchise records
He also has held at least 5 Buccaneers franchise records, including:
 * Receptions: game (12 on 2001-11-18 CHI), playoffs (26), playoff game (8 on 2002-01-12 @PHI)
 * All Purpose Yds: playoff season (271 in 1999)
 * 1000+ rushing yard seasons: career (2, tied with 3 others)

Personal life
Dunn established the Homes for the Holidays (HFTH) program in 1997, and started Warrick Dunn Charities (WDC) in 2002 as a way to grow programs and services. The HFTH program rewards single-parent families for reaching first-time homeownership. HFTH recipient families are chosen through a partnership with Habitat for Humanity affiliates and WDC with complete home furnishings and down-payment assistance. As of July 2012, HFTH has assisted over 150 single parents and over 300 dependents in Atlanta, Baton Rouge, Tampa and Tallahassee. By providing families with a positive home environment, WDC believes that children can thrive educationally, socially and economically. In 2006, one of those homes happened to go to the family of future NFL player Deshaun Watson. Watson went on to play quarterback for Clemson and win the 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship.

Dunn's achievements have been recognized over the years. He received a Giant Steps Award in civic leadership from former President Bill Clinton for his program. In 2005, Dunn was presented with the Walter Payton Man of the Year Award. This award is the only NFL award that recognizes a player for his community service as well as for his excellence on the field. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Dunn challenged all NFL players, except for those who play for the New Orleans Saints, to donate at least $5,000 to the effort. The effort received over $5 million in contributions.

In 2007, Dunn, along with Andre Agassi, Muhammad Ali, Lance Armstrong, Jeff Gordon, Mia Hamm, Tony Hawk, Andrea Jaeger, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Mario Lemieux, Alonzo Mourning and Cal Ripken Jr., founded Athletes for Hope, a charitable organization that helps professional athletes, sports industry professionals and fans get involved in charitable causes. For his exceptional involvement on and off the field, Dunn was awarded with the 2009 Bart Starr Award. He also received a Jefferson Award for Outstanding Athlete in Service and Philanthropy in 2011.

Writing
Dunn's 2008 autobiography, Running For My Life ISBN 978-0-06-143264-4, details his mother's murder and his battles with depression throughout his life.

title: Warrick Dunn


text:
Funeral for a Friend

Funeral for a Friend are a Welsh post-hardcore band from Bridgend, formed in 2001, who currently consist of Kris Roberts (guitar, backing vocals), Gavin Burrough (guitar, vocals), Darran Smith (guitar), Richard Boucher (bass), and Ryan Richards (drums, vocals).

Funeral for a Friend's popularity rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their debut album, Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation (2003). Achieving both a gold certification and three top-twenty singles in their home country, Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation is often acclaimed as one of the landmark emo records of the 2000s. Hours (2005) featured a similar musical style to their debut, but also featured more melodic sensibilities, and Tales Don't Tell Themselves (2007) showed an evolution in Funeral for a Friend's musical style from that which defined their debut, as the group began to diverge from their use of screaming vocals and post-hardcore-influenced guitars, favoring a more melodic rock influence. These albums achieved gold and silver sales certificates respectively in the UK.

Funeral for a Friend self-released their fourth album, Memory and Humanity (2008) through their short-lived record label Join Us, the album arguably being their most eclectic to date. Following this the band tied themselves to other independent labels for Welcome Home Armageddon (2011) Conduit (2013), and Chapter and Verse (2015), which showed the band returning to the heavier style of their earlier work. In September 2015, they announced their break-up and final tour in 2016. On 21 May 2016, they played their last performance to a sold-out Forum in London.

In October 2019, Funeral for a Friend reunited as a live band, initially for three benefit shows – two in Cardiff at the Cardiff University Student Union followed by one in London at Shepherd's Bush Empire. Following a planned performance at the canceled 2020 Download Festival, they announced a headline UK tour for April 2021 playing songs from their first three albums. In December 2023 the band announced they would be returning to recording music, but without founding vocalist Matthew Davies-Kreye.

Formation and early years (2001–2003)
When Michael Davies, one of January Thirst's original vocalists, quit in December 2001, Matthew Evans (vocals) and Johnny Phillips (drums) invited Matt Davies (later Davies-Kreye) to try out for the vacated singer position. Soon afterward, the band reformed as Funeral for a Friend; the name is derived from a song by Planes Mistaken for Stars, one of Davies' favourite bands at the time.

During the start of the New Year they parted ways with second guitarist Kerry Roberts (Kris Roberts's brother) and found a suitable replacement in Darran Smith (ex-Tripcage). The band recorded four tracks at Mighty Atom Studios for a proposed self-financed EP with another Welsh band From This Moment On. Upon hearing the tracks, Mighty Atom Records approached the band and offered a two-album deal, resulting in their debut EP, Between Order and Model (2002). Before the EP's release, Andi Morris (bass) quit to join death metal band Amputated, with Phillips and Evans also leaving. The band then recruited Gareth Davies (later Ellis-Davies) on bass and Ryan Richards on drums. Matt Davies became the band's only primary vocalist, with Gareth Davies performing backing melodies and Richards taking over Evans' screaming role.

In 2003, Funeral for a Friend recorded their second EP, Four Ways to Scream Your Name, produced and mixed by Colin Richardson. In mid-2003, the band secured their first Kerrang! award, winning the award for "Best UK Newcomer", beating The Darkness, who won in all other nominated categories. Funeral for a Friend's win was largely attributed to their fervent fan base, as the awards winner was decided by public vote online at the official Kerrang! Web site. In August 2003, Funeral for a Friend opened the Concrete Jungle stage at the Reading and Leeds Festivals.

Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation

On 21 August 2003, Funeral for a Friend were awarded a Kerrang! Award for "Best British Newcomer". On 20 October 2003, after recording for the duration of the summer, Funeral for a Friend's full-length debut album was released. Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation, produced and mixed by Colin Richardson, was released to critical acclaim in the UK. The album did not see a concurrent release in the US (though it eventually released there on 13 July 2004); instead, a seven-track "mini-album", entitled Seven Ways to Scream Your Name, was released, and featured songs from the band's Between Order & Model and Four Ways to Scream Your Name EPs plus Juneau B Side "The Getaway Plan". In the United Kingdom the album received a Gold certification a year after its release on 29 October 2004, which was achieved with a sales figure of over 100,000.

Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation saw three top-twenty singles including "Juneau" (#19), "She Drove Me to Daytime Television" (#20) and "Escape Artists Never Die" (#19). Funeral for a Friend toured extensively to promote Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation, including a series of European dates in which they opened for Iron Maiden. This was met with a mixed reception, as their style and fan base bore little resemblance to the heavy metal background of Iron Maiden.

The band joined Avenged Sevenfold, My Chemical Romance and Moments in Grace for an American tour spanning April 17–23, 2004. Coinciding with their shows together, Funeral for a Friend and Moments in Grace teamed up for a split 7-inch vinyl, co-released through Atlantic Records, Salad Days Records, Mighty Atom Records and Infectious Records, on April 20, 2004. Funeral for a Friend contributed the song "Bullet Theory" (previously-released in the UK but then-unreleased in the US). In promotion of the split 7-inch vinyl, webzine Ultimate Guitar held a giveaway contest for five winners to receive a record and a signed poster. Also in 2004, Funeral for a Friend supported Linkin Park throughout America and headlined the second stage of the Reading and Leeds Festivals.

Hours
In May 2005, the first single from the upcoming second album "Streetcar" acted as the band's fourth consecutive top 20 single in the United Kingdom by debuting at number 15. On 14 June 2005, the band released their second album Hours through Atlantic Records. Produced by Terry Date, the album was recorded in two Seattle studios owned by the grunge band Pearl Jam and featured unusual methods of recording, for example Matt Davies' vocals were recorded whilst in a moving car and on a crowded Seattle street, for the song "Drive". Just two weeks after its release the album was certified a Silver over 60,000 sales and was awarded a Gold for over 100,000 sales on 23 December 2005. In August of the same year, the band won a Kerrang! Award for "Best British Band".

Funeral for a Friend performed several low-profile shows in Wales, including Bangor University and Bridgend Recreation Centre, prior to the release of Hours. In the United States, they played alongside bands such as Atreyu, Saosin, Hawthorne Heights and Thrice on the Maurice Stage of the 2005 Vans Warped Tour. The band headlined the British leg of Taste of Chaos across November with support from The Used, Killswitch Engage, Rise Against and Story of the Year. Funeral for a Friend released the third and last single from Hours, "History", which music video depicts the events of the miner strikes of the mid-1980s in South Wales.

Funeral For a Friend closed the promotional activity for Hours in the Summer of 2006, with a series of UK shows rescheduled from February. Most of the original dates had been cancelled because Matt Davies had suffered from a bout of laryngitis. Several other shows were scheduled in the UK to complement these rescheduled dates, and the tour culminated in a slot below headliners Guns N' Roses at the Download Festival at Donington Park. The rest of 2006 was spent writing and recording the band's third album.

Tales Don't Tell Themselves
Funeral for a Friend mentioned the writing of this album during their UK shows in summer 2006 and they started writing and recording at the end of the tour. Tales Don't Tell Themselves was released on 14 May 2007 in the UK, having been leaked to the internet on 10 May 2007. The band released video diary updates of the recording on their MySpace page. On 19 March 2007, "Into Oblivion (Reunion)", the first single from the album, premiered on the Zane Lowe Show on Radio One. It was given a 7 May physical release, and the video can be seen and the song heard on their MySpace. It reached number 39 in its first week of release on downloads and reached number 16 in the Official UK chart on 13 May 2007.

A selection of intimate shows to promote the album were played on 12, 13 and 14 April 2007 in intimate coastal venues in the south of England. Only 200 tickets were available for each show and these had to be applied for via an e-mail sent to members of the FFAF mailing list. Names were then picked out of a hat and the selected people were offered the opportunity to buy a pair of tickets to the gig, exclusive T-shirts were given to anyone paying using PayPal mobile. On 8 May 2007 the band released Tales Don't Tell Themselves in its entirety for fans to preview via their MySpace page. This album is the first on which Matt plays guitar. On 10 May 2007 the band played another intimate gig for Kerrang! 105.2 at the Wolverhampton Civic Hall Bar, in which they played "Walk Away" for the very first time. This is one of the tracks which Matt plays guitar on live, alongside "Raise The Sail" and "The Sweetest Wave", which were debuted on the full tour in May 2007. The album was their highest charting yet, reaching Number 3 in the UK Album Charts.

On 16 July 2007, "Walk Away", was released as the second single from Tales Don't Tell Themselves and reached number 40 in the UK singles charts. It was announced in a newsletters that "The Great Wide Open" would be the next single and would be released as an EP. The EP, The Great Wide Open was released on 15 October 2007 through Atlantic Records, negating the release of the single itself.

Memory and Humanity and Your History Is Mine
On 26 January 2008, drummer Ryan Richards made an announcement on the band's forum, stating that FFAF were to spend the first few months of the year recording, with a view of releasing a four or five track EP in March or April 2008. After writing more material than originally planned, the band decided to scrap plans for the EP and released a full-length album instead. Ryan also announced that the new album would contain screaming vocals, riffs and would be closer to Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation than any of their other albums, although would still be significantly different and more technical, citing that they want to move forward, and never back to any old style.

On 11 May 2008, it was announced via a MySpace bulletin that the band would be shooting a video for the first single from the album, "Waterfront Dance Club", on 17 May. "Waterfront Dance Club" was played exclusively for the first time on Radio 1's Rock Show on 2 June 2008, where it was also announced that the single would be released as a double A-side with the track "Beneath the Burning Tree". Both singles were also released as a limited edition 7-inch on the same date. The album's title was confirmed as Memory and Humanity by Rock Sound magazine on 30 June 2008, and that its release would take place in October 2008. On 2 July 2008, the band announced the UK tour of Memory and Humanity, commencing 14 October 2008.

9 August 2008 saw the debut of the video for the single "Kicking and Screaming" on MySpace. Later that month on the 27th, it was announced that the band had licensed their new record to Victory Records for the U.S. and Canadian releases. The album was released via the label on 28 October 2008. It was also released via Roadrunner Records in the rest of the world, apart from the UK, where it was released through the band's own label, Join Us. The release was followed by a tour in Britain, Ireland and northern Europe, supported by Canadian hardcore punk act Cancer Bats.

On 4 September 2008, it was announced via a MySpace blog post that Gareth Davies had left the band, to be replaced by Gavin Burrough (Hondo Maclean, Ghostlines, The Future). "As some of you may know, Gareth has been living in America for the past couple of years, and recently got married. Ultimately, the strain of travelling between continents has taken its toll and Gareth made the decision that it would be in the best interests of himself, his family and Funeral to leave the band. We totally respect and understand his choice, wish him all the best in his future and we thank him for being part of our lives for the past 6 years." The first interview to surface with Burrough in the band appeared on the Rocklouder webzine in the week of the Memory and Humanity release. In the 24 January 2009 issue of Kerrang! magazine, it was stated that the band were currently filming the video for the third single off the album, Rules and Games. The single was released on 23 March 2009. They will also be going on tour with We Are the Ocean supporting to coincide with its release.

It was initially revealed in Kerrang! magazine on 24 June 2009 that the band were to release a greatest hits album, entitled Your History Is Mine: 2002–2009 on 28 September 2009. the Compilation album was released by Atlantic records because the record deal between the band and the label allowed the Atlantic records to release a compilation CD at any point in the band's career. The band then decided to record four brand new tracks in order to give the release value to fans. On 21 July 2009, "Wrench", one of the new songs, premiered on Radio One's Rock Show with Dan Carter. Zane Lowe credited them as "one of the best British bands of the last decade" upon the release of Your History Is Mine.

Break from Atlantic Records and Welcome Home Armageddon
On 23 April 2010, Funeral for a Friend announced on Facebook that guitarist Darran Smith would be leaving the band, but not before playing his final shows. He wrote a farewell message on the band's website. On 26 April 2010, Funeral for a Friend wrote on their forum about their line-up change, paying homage to the departure of their friend Darran Smith, but also announcing the new member. Gavin Burrough changed instrument from bass to guitar, taking over Darran's place as guitarist, Kris Roberts would take over his role as backing vocalist, and the new bassist of Funeral for a Friend will be Richard Boucher (Hondo Maclean, Hurricane-Joe, Ghostlines). The band noted: "He's SO good on bass that we let someone with blonde hair join our band. That ought to be an indication of how great he is." The band stated that they are excited for the new material being made and can't wait to show the fans what they have: "The creative well, is well and truly overflowing. Exciting times. Stay tuned, and be ready."

On 3 May 2010, the band announced that they will be releasing a special new EP to fans who "pledged" through website pledgemusic.com, the "pledge" options include the EP, a signed EP and even an acoustic performance by the band at a fan's residence. On 1 July 2010, the band revealed that the EP will titled The Young and Defenceless and also revealed the cover art. It was also announced via Kerrang! that the newly recorded EP would be released on 1 September 2010; however, in actuality, the downloadable version was released on 6 September 2010 with the physical copies being planned on being released sometime in the third week of October. On 9 November, Funeral For a Friend released a music video for the track "Serpents in Solitude". Towards the end of October 2010 they finished a session of recording for a new album for which a name and date were yet to be announced. On 2 November, they played two new songs, confirmed to be on this album (which was announced as due for release in March 2011), called "Man Alive" and "Front Row Seats to the End of the World". Another song title was confirmed as "Spinning Over the Island".

On 10 January 2011, the band released the official video for the album's leading single "Front Row Seats to the End of the World" and announced their fifth studio album would be called Welcome Home Armageddon. On 17 January, they released the album's artwork and track list On 24 January, it was announced that the album was to be released by Good Fight Music, a move that would reconnect the band with the original label team that released Seven Ways to Scream Your Name and Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation. On 9 February, the band released the video for their newest single, "Sixteen". On 5 March 2011, the band played their first ever show in South Africa, at the RAMFest in Worcester, outside of Cape Town alongside Alkaline Trio and Die Antwoord. They concluded their South African tour by playing in Durban and Johannesburg on 9 and 12 March 2011 respectively.

Welcome Home Armageddon was released 14 March 2011 in Britain through Distiller Records and 15 March in the United States through Good Fight and later on distributed through Roadrunner to the rest of the world. It was announced as a nomination for an inaugural Welsh Music Prize however lost to Gruff Rhys' Hotel Shampoo.

On 28 September 2011, Funeral for a Friend announced the release of a new extended play to be released in November. The EP is titled See You All in Hell and it will feature only one brand new track while the remainder of the tracks are acoustic, live session recordings and remixes of tracks from Welcome Home Armageddon as well as a cover of a Strife song. The band has expressed an eagerness to return to the studio and write the follow-up to Welcome Home Armageddon and they describe "High Castles" as being a "good indication of where we'll be taking things on the next record." The release of the EP is accompanied by a UK tour by the band in October with support from Escape The Fate, The Amity Affliction, The Bunny The Bear and Straight Lines. On 13 October 2011, Funeral for a Friend released a new digital single from the EP titled "High Castles", the only original track from the EP. See You All in Hell was released on 7 November.

Conduit and departure of Ryan Richards
On 22 May 2012, Ryan Richards announced that he was leaving the band. He cited his family as the reason, saying: "I've always put music first in my life - but the time has come now for my family to take the top spot." Pat Lundy replaced Richards in the band full-time, after initial discussions over joining as a touring member. Lundy is the former drummer of London-based heavy metal band Rise to Remain, having left the band in January 2012. After being contacted by the band to come to audition in Cardiff for the role, Pat learned their whole setlist in seven days for the audition. Whilst the line up change occurred the band was recording and mixing their follow-up to their fifth studio album. Across the year the band made few live appearances as they were working on the album, performing at Wakestock in North Wales, both the northern and southern dates of Slam Dunk Festival 2012 and the UK Warped Tour festival at the Alexandra Palace in London on 10 November 2012.

Funeral for a Friend spent all of 2012, bar their brief festival appearances, writing and recording for their sixth studio album. Over the year they released several studio updates showing the band members tracking different instruments for the album. On 4 October of that year the band confirmed the title and release date of their sixth album Conduit for a 28 January 2013 release in the United Kingdom and on 5 February 2013 through The End Records In the United States. To support the release of the album, the band underwent a headlining tour with support acts such as Such Gold, Daytrader and I Divide throughout January and February. However, Daytrader had to pull out of the tour, so Major League took their place on the bill. The band continues to work with Welsh music producer, Romesh Dodangoda, on the album as they did with their previous album. Vocalist Matthew Davies-Kreye spoke of their working union, "To me, he gets our individual personalities and works his magic with each of us, making sure that we're all comfortable with what we have to do for the record." Davies-Kreye has described the reasoning behind the title Conduit as "the experiences of being in a band" and summarised the album's style as "a post-hardcore record that is not afraid to drop into some hardcore for good measure." The first single from the album, "Best Friends and Hospital Beds", would be released on 12 November with the music video being released prior on 10 October.

After its first week of release in the United Kingdom, Conduit debuted at number 34 on the official UK album charts. Funeral for a Friend completed a 10-date Australian tour in May, which will mark the band's most extensive yet in the country. Later in 2013, the band released a remastered edition of the Between Order and Model EP on End Hits Records, complete with some previously unreleased tracks and live versions of the EP tracks.

In April 2014, they toured the UK and Europe playing Hours in its entirety. During these shows, they also performed a new song titled "1%" from their forthcoming seventh album.

Chapter and Verse and breakup
On 28 September 2014, Funeral for a Friend debuted the lead single from their forthcoming album Chapter and Verse, titled "You've Got a Bad Case of the Religions" on the Rock Show on BBC Radio 1. The band then announced the album's release date of 19 January 2015 as well as a UK/European Tour in support of the album. Chapter and Verse was recorded in just under two weeks, at The Ranch, Southampton; the record was produced by Lewis Johns. They also announced that Pat Lundy had left the band to focus on his new band Modestep, and that Goodtime Boys drummer Casey McHale would be their live/touring drummer, but they weren't looking for a replacement full-time drummer. Prior to the album's release, music videos were released for both "1%" and "Pencil Pusher". In June, they released Hours - Live at Islington Academy, a live DVD of their show at O2 Academy Islington in April 2014 where they played Hours in full. The DVD also came with a CD or vinyl record of the show. Also around this time, they recorded a cover of "I Can Climb Mountains" by Hell Is For Heroes for Worship and Tributes, a compilation CD included with Rock Sound magazine's 200th issue, which ended up being the band's final recording. They were the only band who recorded a cover for the compilation who had one of their own songs covered on the same compilation, with Pop Punk band Neck Deep covering "Juneau".

On 14 September 2015, Funeral for a Friend announced their breakup and the 'Last Chance to Dance' final tour across Australia, Germany and the UK, which spanned from February to April 2016; they played two subsequent nights on each stop of the tour, performing Hours and Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation in their entirety (alongside other songs) on the first and second night respectively. In October 2015, the band announced American metalcore band Shai Hulud would support them on their final tour, with Zoax being announced as the opening band in December. In late February, the band announced the London shows originally scheduled for 15 and 16 April at Shepherd's Bush Empire would instead take place on 20 and 21 May 2016 at the O2 Forum in Kentish Town due to structural issues at the original venue which caused many gigs to be cancelled/moved to other dates. Due to Shai Hulud being unable to make the rearranged dates, Raging Speedhorn and Creeper played as the main support bands on 20 and 21 May respectively. Their final performance was on 21 May.

Live shows
In August 2019, Funeral for a Friend announced two special reunion concerts, with the proceedings going to the family of a terminally ill friend of the band. The two shows were set to be on 28 and 29 October at The Globe in Cardiff and O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire in London. As well as members Matt Davies-Kreye, Kris Roberts, Gav Burrough, and Richard Boucher, the band will be joined by former guitarist Darran Smith and drummer/screamer Ryan Richards. After the initial two dates sold out quickly, the Cardiff show was upgraded from The Globe to the Cardiff Student Union, and a second Cardiff date was added for 27 October.

On 27 January 2020, Download festival announced their upcoming performance as part of the 2020 lineup. The festival would be cancelled in April, however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. In September 2021, the band were a late addition to Slam Dunk festival. In July 2020, the band announced that they would be touring the UK in April 2021 playing songs from Casually-dressed & deep in Conversation, Hours, and Tales don't tell themselves, also due to COVID-19 the tour dates were postponed, taking place in early March 2022. After the initial dates sold out, the band added two additional dates in Cardiff and London and upgraded the venues for Manchester and Glasgow, which was then followed up with four additional dates in Leeds, Bristol, and Bournemouth alongside a third London date at Shepherd's Bush Empire. Due to illness, Richard Boucher was replaced on bass for the last 4 shows by the band's guitar-tech Steve Nash.

In March 2023, the band announced that they would tour the UK to celebrate the 20th anniversary of ‘casually dressed…’ with special guests Dashboard Confessional as the supporting act. Tickets went on sale in March 2023 with dates for the tour scheduled to kick off at the Manchester O2 on the 7th October 2023 and finishing at London’s Roundhouse on the 15th October 2023.

The tour would prove to be the last with Matt Davies-Kreye as lead vocalist leaving Kris Roberts as the only original member of the 2001 lineup.

Return to recording music and Davies-Kreye's departure
On 4 December 2023, Funeral for a Friend announced that they would be recording new music, but Matthew Davies-Kreye had decided not to commit to their future plans and had therefore left the band. Lucas Woodland, the vocalist for Holding Absence, performed with the band at Slam Dunk Festival 2024.

Musical style and influences
Funeral for a Friend's music has been described variously as post-hardcore, emo,  melodic hardcore, heavy metal and screamo. Guitarist Gavin Burrough describes the band's style as eclectic, based on each members individual influences and summarising Funeral for a Friend's style by pointing out "there's a definite melancholy feel to our tracks[...] We can punish you with our metallic, angular riffs, and also seduce you with our serene melodies." Their influences include Shai Hulud, Glassjaw, Poison the Well, Thursday, Manic Street Preachers, the Haunted, Vision of Disorder, Deadguy, Kiss It Goodbye, and Drowningman. Regarding the "emo" label, drummer Ryan Richards has said "I have no more problem with being called emo than with being called metal or hardcore, I just don't think any one term or label does justice to the music we do."

Their earlier EPs and their debut album Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation were considered their heaviest work for some time, as their subsequent material used less aggressive vocals and instrumentation; however, recent years have seen a resurgence of such elements and a higher number of 'heavy' songs. "tour de force of audience-friendly post-hardcore". Their second album Hours is seen as being a part of the new wave of emo that occurred during the mid-2000s. Songs on Hours were seen as the band "transcending their genre limitations", including "History" which combines "melodic interplay and sincere lyricism".

While their next two albums followed a different musical direction. With Tales Don't Tell Themselves they use a more alternative rock and post-hardcore style with classic rock, alternative country and 1980s heartland rock influences. The album uses choral elements for tracks like "Into Oblivion (Reunion)". Their 4th album, Memory and Humanity returned to a more post-hardcore sound however adopted a more alternative rock influence, incorporating an emo influence with an anthemic rock uplift.

All subsequent material following the band's extended play, The Young & Defenceless saw them returning to a more aggressive elements of their post-hardcore style. Burrough saw it as a capturing of energy that their previous two albums lacked and so wanted to write music more "direct and in your face." In the band's opinion they had always wanted to return to their hardcore punk roots. However, it has also been noted that Welcome Home Armageddon incorporates more pop rock inspired hooks and melodies, the album's more melodic approach is credited in songs like "Old Hymns". The band and critics alike have said that because they released the two on indie labels they had more creative freedom from when they were signed to Atlantic Records. When Welcome Home Armageddon came out, critics were quick to compare and contrast it to Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation.

Their final album Chapter and Verse was described by Drowned in Sound writer Gareth O'Malley as being "cut from similar cloth to its predecessor".

Lyrical themes
Funeral for a Friend's lyrical themes, primarily written by Davies-Kreye, center around personal and emotional experiences. The first album Casually Dressed and Deep in Conversation was focused on a disintegrating relationship, while the second album Hours was more "extroverted" in its direction, additionally discussing "war, fiscal abuse, alcohol abuse, people not giving a shit".

Legacy
Funeral for a Friend has been said to be a prominent influence on the British post-hardcore scene, primarily with their debut album Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation, a release which is believed by some to have set a high standard for the band to rival in future releases. James Ding of AbsolutePunk stated that: "...the album still stands tall atop of many recent releases due to the quality of the music on offer, and even though FFAF may have strayed from the style that started their career, this is still a landmark album in modern British rock music". In April 2011, Rock Sound magazine inducted Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation into Rock Sound's Hall of Fame, crediting the album as an influence on albums by bands like: Fightstar, The Blackout, Kids in Glass Houses and We Are the Ocean. Blood Youth have cited their work as an influence.

Members
Current members
 * Kris Roberts – lead guitar (2001–2016, 2019–present), rhythm guitar (2001–2010) , backing vocals (2005–2016, 2019–present)
 * Darran Smith – rhythm and lead guitar (2002–2010, 2019–present)
 * Ryan Richards – drums, percussion, unclean vocals (2002–2012, 2019–present)
 * Gavin Burrough – rhythm guitar (2010–2016, 2019–present), backing vocals (2008–2016, 2019–present) , bass (2008–2010)
 * Richard Boucher – bass (2010–2016, 2019–present)

Current live members
 * Lucas Woodland – lead vocals (2024)

Past members
 * Matthew Davies-Kreye – lead vocals (2001 –2016, 2019–2023)
 * Gareth Davies – bass, backing vocals (2002–2008)
 * Kerry Roberts – rhythm and lead guitar (2001–2002)
 * Matthew Evans – vocals (2001–2002)
 * Andi Morris – bass (2001–2002)
 * Johnny Phillips – drums (2001–2002)
 * Pat Lundy – drums, percussion (2012–2014)

Past touring members
 * Casey McHale – drums (touring 2014–2016)

Discography
Studio albums
 * Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation (2003)
 * Hours (2005)
 * Tales Don't Tell Themselves (2007)
 * Memory and Humanity (2008)
 * Welcome Home Armageddon (2011)
 * Conduit (2013)
 * Chapter and Verse (2015)

title: Funeral for a Friend


text:
Miron Cozma

Miron Cozma (born August 25, 1954) is a former Romanian labor-union organizer and politician, and leader of Romania's Jiu Valley coal miners' union. He is best known for his leading the miners of the Jiu Valley during the September 1991 Mineriad which overthrew the reformist Petre Roman government. Cozma was a controversial character in the 1990s, both within and outside of Jiu Valley.

In 2011, he entered in politics and founded Worker's Social Democratic Party.

Early life
Born in Derna, Bihor, Miron Cozma studied to become an electromechanical assistant engineer. After graduation, he began working as a trainee at the Bărbăteni Mine, while living in Lupeni. He was also in charge with being the DJ of the town's disco. In 1977, he became an informant of the Securitate, using the code name "Paul", sending memos about co-workers until 1983.

Trade union leadership
In 1990, Cozma was working at the Lonea Coal Mine, being involved in the January 1990 Mineriad, when he was one of the 16 miners who were involved in talks with President Iliescu and the prime minister. On 21–24 March 1990, the League of Miners Unions of the Jiu Valley elected Cozma as its leader.

In 1991, Cozma's companies gained a monopoly in food retail in the mines of the Jiu Valley, which gave him substantial profits and influence.

On 19 June 1991, Cozma ran over and killed a 31-year-old woman, Roza Violeta Drăghici, in the village of Paroșeni, Vulcan, Hunedoara, doing an irregular overtaking. He was convicted of manslaughter and given a 2-years suspended sentence; the lenient sentence may have been caused by the close relationship of Cozma with the ruling National Salvation Front.

1999 Mineriads and imprisonment
In January 1999, Cozma led another series of miner protests, sparked by the Radu Vasile government's intention to close down several money-losing mines in the Jiu Valley region. Intending to put pressure on the government, Cozma and his miners started marching towards Bucharest. The miners clashed with the Gendarmerie at Costeşti, Vâlcea County; about 70 miners and 100 gendarmes were wounded and one miner died. Soon after, Prime Minister Radu Vasile held talks with Cozma at the Cozia Monastery, and Cozma agreed to end the march and disband the miners.

At the beginning of February of the same year, however, Cozma was sentenced by the Supreme Court of Justice to 18 years in prison for his involvement in the 1991 mineriad. This quickly prompted a new march of the miners towards Bucharest. This time, special forces intervened and dispersed the miners at Stoeneşti, Olt County. Cozma and his lieutenants were captured by the police; Cozma himself was taken to the Rahova prison to serve his term.

He was pardoned by Romanian President Ion Iliescu on December 15, 2004, only a few days before the end of the latter's final term. However, Iliescu shortly afterwards revoked the pardon on December 16, stating that "it was a mistake". Yet Cozma was released in June 2005 when the cancellation of his pardon was ruled illegal by the Bucharest Court of Appeal. In September 2005, he was sentenced by the Romanian Supreme Court to a 10-year term for the January 1999 Mineriad. His sentences overlapped, so as of June 2006 he still had to serve a 13-month concurrent sentence in prison.

On June 2, 2006, Miron Cozma's request to be released on parole was denied by the Parole Commission of the Rahova Penitentiary. A Bucharest court dismissed his appeal against the decision 2 weeks later.

Cozma could have left the prison 6 months before time as recommended by the Parole Commission on January 3, 2007. Although the decision was upheld by a Bucharest court on January 9, it was overturned on appeal on February 20, 2007.

Miron Cozma was finally released on 2 December 2007, with a restriction on entering Petroşani or Bucharest. Upon leaving Rahova, he flew to Timişoara to meet with his family and friends. He stated in his interviews that certain politicians should have been incarcerated as well, adding "Spiritul lui Miron Cozma nu moare!" ("The soul of Miron Cozma will never die!").

In June 2013, Miron Cozma claimed during an interview that the Army used live rounds against miners.

title: Miron Cozma


text:
William of Gellone

William of Gellone (c. 755 – 28 May 812 or 814), the medieval William of Orange,  In 804, he founded the abbey of Gellone. He was canonized a saint in 1066 by Pope Alexander II.

In the tenth or eleventh century, a Latin hagiography, the Vita sancti Willelmi, was composed. By the twelfth century, William's legend had grown. He is the hero of an entire cycle of chansons de geste, the earliest of which is the Chanson de Guillaume of about 1140. In the chansons, he is nicknamed Fièrebrace (fierce or strong arm) on account of his strength and the marquis au court nez (margrave with the short nose) on account of an injury suffered in battle with a giant.

William in history
William was born in northern France in the mid-8th century, to Thierry IV, Count of Autun, and his wife Aldana. He was a relative of Charlemagne. The relationship is speculated to have come through William's mother, perhaps a daughter of Charles Martel, or through Thierry, apparently a close kinsman of Charlemagne's maternal great-grandmother (Bertrada of Prüm), with the two relationships not mutually exclusive. As a kinsman and trusted comes, he spent his youth in the court of Charlemagne. In 788, Chorso, Count of Toulouse, was captured by the Basque Adalric, and made to swear an oath of allegiance to the Duke of Gascony, Lupus II. Upon his release Charlemagne replaced him with his Frankish cousin William (790). William, in turn, successfully subdued the Gascons.

In 793, Hisham I, the successor of Abd ar-Rahman I, proclaimed a holy war against the Christians to the north. He amassed an army of 100,000 men, half of which attacked the Kingdom of Asturias while the other half invaded Languedoc, penetrating as far as Narbonne.

William met this force and defeated them. He met the Muslim forces again near the river Orbieu at Villedaigne but was defeated, though his obstinate resistance exhausted the Muslim forces so much that they retreated to Hispania. In 801, William commanded along with Louis, King of Aquitaine a large expedition of Franks, Burgundians, Provençals, Aquitanians, Gascons (Basques) and Goths that captured Barcelona from the Ummayads.

In 804, he founded the abbey in Gellone (now Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert) near Lodève in the diocese of Maguelonne. He granted property to Gellone and placed the monastery under the general control of Benedict of Aniane, whose monastery was nearby. Among his gifts to the abbey he founded was a piece of the True Cross, a present from his cousin Charlemagne. Charlemagne had received the relic from the Patriarch of Jerusalem according to the Vita of William.

In 806, William retired to Gellone as a monk and eventually died there on 28 May 812 (or 814). When he died, it was said the bells at Orange rang on their own accord.

William mentioned both his family and monastery in his will: his will of 28 January 804, names his wives Cunegonde and Witburgis, his deceased parents, Theodoric/Thierry and Aldana, two brothers, Theodino and Adalelmo, two sisters, Abbana and Bertana, four children, Barnard, Witcher, Gotzelm and Helimburgis, and a nephew, Bertrano. In addition, he had a son Heribert, a daughter Gerberge, and perhaps a daughter Rotlinde.

Gellone remained under the control of the abbots of Aniane. It became a subject of contention, however, as the reputation of William grew. So many pilgrims were attracted to Gellone that his corpse was exhumed from the modest site in the narthex and given a more prominent place under the choir, to the intense dissatisfaction of the Abbey of Aniane. A number of forged documents and assertions were produced on each side that leave details of actual history doubtful. The abbey was a major stop for pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Its late-12th-century Romanesque cloister, systematically dismantled during the French Revolution, found its way to The Cloisters in New York. The Sacramentary of Gellone, dating to the late 8th century, is a famous manuscript.

William in romance
William's faithful service to Charlemagne is portrayed as an example of feudal loyalty. William's career battling Saracens is sung in epic poems in the 12th- and 13th-century cycle called La Geste de Garin de Monglane, some two dozen chansons de geste that actually center around William, the great-grandson of the largely legendary Garin.

One section of the cycle, however, is devoted to the feats of his father, there named Aymeri de Narbonne, who has received Narbonne as his seigniory after his return from Spain with Charlemagne. Details of the "Aymeri" of the poem are conflated with a later historic figure who was truly the viscount of Narbonne from 1108 to 1134. In the chanson he is awarded Ermengart, daughter of Didier, and sister of Boniface, king of the Lombards. Among his seven sons and five daughters (one of whom marries Louis the Pious) is William.

The defeat of the Moors at Orange was given legendary treatment in the 12th-century epic La Prise d'Orange. There, he was made Count of Toulouse in the stead of the disgraced Chorso, then King of Aquitaine in 778. He is difficult to separate from the legends and poems that gave him feats of arms, lineage and titles: Guillaume Fièrebras, Guillaum au Court-Nez (broken in a battle with a giant), Guillaum de Narbonne and Guillaume d'Orange. These legends turn his wife into a converted Saracen, Orable, later christened Guibourc.

title: William of Gellone


text:
Czech nobility

Czech nobility consists of the noble families from historical Czech lands, especially in their narrow sense, i.e. nobility of Bohemia proper, Moravia and Austrian Silesia – whether these families originated from those countries or moved into them through the centuries. These are connected with the history of Great Moravia, Duchy of Bohemia, later Kingdom of Bohemia, Margraviate of Moravia, the Duchies of Silesia and the Crown of Bohemia, the constitutional predecessor state of the modern-day Czech Republic.

Noble titles were abolished by law (No. 61/1918 Sb. z. a n.) in December 1918, shortly after the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak Republic. During the period of Nazism and communism, representatives of Czech noble families were often persecuted. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the property confiscated by the communists was returned to the nobility.

History
The beginnings of the Czech nobility can be seen in the time of the first Přemyslid princes and kings, i.e. in the 9th century. As a legally defined state of nobility in the Czech lands, it arose in the course of the 13th century, when members of noble families began to own newly built stone castles. The influence of the nobility rose rapidly, which became the cause of a strained relationship between the king and the nobility during the last Přemyslid kings and especially during the reign of John of Bohemia and his grandson, Wenceslaus IV at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. After the burning of Jan Hus in 1415, Czech society and therefore the Czech nobility was divided into two groups - Catholic and Hussite (later Protestant). Both groups were at war with each other both during the Hussite Wars and long after them. After the end of the Hussite Wars and the rule of the Luxembourgers in the 1530s, the country was controlled by various noble associations. In 1452, they agreed on a land administrator, who became the noble George of Poděbrady. Five years later he was elected King of Bohemia, but disputes between the Catholic and Protestant nobility continued until the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War in 1618. The status of the nobility further increased in 1500, when the Vladislav land constitution was issued. In 1526, Ferdinand I of Habsburg was elected King of Bohemia. He, along with his successors, tried to reduce the influence of the nobility. This process was interrupted during the reign of Rudolf II in the years 1576-1611. In 1618, the Protestant part of the Czech estates started the Bohemian Revolt by throwing imperial officials out of the windows of Prague Castle. Czech Protestants were defeated in the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, and the following year 27 leaders of this rebellion were executed. Thus, the Catholic aristocracy definitively won over the Protestant aristocracy in Bohemia, but at the same time the absolutist monarchy won over the estate monarchy.

During the Thirty Years' War after the Battle of White Mountain, a large part of the Protestant nobility had their property confiscated. Many new noble families came to the Czech lands at this time, originally usually from Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria or Scotland. Of the old Czech noble families, for example, the Kinsky, Sternberg, Kolowrat, Czernin, Lobkowitz, Pernštejn or Lichtenstein families remained in Bohemia, while the Eggenberg, Bucquoy, Colloredo-Mannsfeld, Gallas, Piccolomini, Schwarzenberg and others arrived. From the 17th century, only the Catholic Czech nobility significantly participated in the functioning of the Habsburg Monarchy. Newly arrived families gradually identified with the Czech lands and often also with the Czech language. At the end of the 18th century, a period called Josephinism began. His representative, the Emperor and King Joseph II (1780-1790), initiated extensive reforms that significantly changed the position of the nobility and reduced the number of aristocratic privileges. Part of the modernization of the country was also the prioritization of German at the expense of Czech (the purpose was more efficient state administration). During the 19th century, the Czech nobility was significantly involved in the process of national revival, the promotion of the Czech language and the emergence of modern Czech culture and society. Prominent representatives of the patriotic nobility were especially the Sternberg, Chotek, Schwarzenberg, Czernin, Kolowrat, Kinsky and Lobkowitz. In the second half of the 19th century, representatives of these and other families became involved in emerging parliamentary activity. The patriotically oriented nobles founded the Party of the Conservative Estate, cooperating with the Old Czech Party, another aristocratic political force was the Party of the Constitutionalist Estate. In the second half of the 19th century, the ranks of the Czech nobility were expanded by successful businessmen, politicians and artists, for example the Bartoň family, the founder of the Škoda Works Emil Škoda, the industrialist František Rienghoffer, the leader of the Old Czech Party František Ladislav Rieger, the composer Antonín Dvořák and the writer Jaroslav Vrchlický. The representatives of this so-called new nobility, however, usually remained outside the Czech aristocracy.

After the First World War, the monarchy disappeared in the Czech lands and a republic was established. Most of the Czech nobility held monarchist positions, but remained loyal to the newly established Czechoslovak Republic. Some nobles even entered the service of the Czechoslovak Republic and worked in diplomacy (for example, representatives of the Lobkowitz, Schwarzenberg and others). The Czechoslovak Republic confiscated the property of the Habsburgs and Hohenbergs, and the Clam-Martinic family also lost their property. During the following years, the property was sold off and the Fürstenbergs, for example, left the country. The turning point occurred in 1938. In response to the direct threat to the democratic state by Nazi Germany, the most important noble families issued a Declaration of the members of the old Czech families on the inviolability of the territory of the Czech state. During the audience with President Edvard Beneš, members of the Schwarzenberg, Lobkowitz, Kinsky, Kolowrat, Czernin, Sternberg, Colloredo-Mannsfeld, Parish, Dobrzenský, Strachwitz, and Belcredi publicly joined him. A similar statement was issued a year later, already in the occupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In September 1939, the National Declaration of the Czech Nobility was drawn up, in which 85 of the most important Czech noblemen from 33 noble families declared their Czech nationality. The Nazis subsequently confiscated the property of these nobles, and some then lived through the war in house internment or in concentration camps. Some nobles managed to emigrate. Part of the nobles actively participated in the domestic resistance, for example the Bořek-Dohalský brothers were murdered in a concentration camp, Karel VI Schwarzenberg or Václav Norbert Kinský participated in the anti-Nazi uprising in 1945.

In 1945, the properties of most Czech noble families were returned. However, there was a deportation of the majority of the population of German nationality, in which both the nobles who collaborated with the Nazis and the nobles who did not collaborate with the Nazis, but only claimed German nationality before the war, lost their property. For example, Trauttmansdorff, Windischgrätz, Clam-Gallas, Thurn-Taxis, Desfours, or one branch of the Kinsky, Czernin and Rohan families had to leave the Czech lands. Due to the growing influence of the communists in Czechoslovakia in the years 1945 - 1948, the return of some property was also withheld (the Colloredo-Mannsfeld case), or the unjust confiscation of the primogeniture property of the Schwarzenberg family based on the Lex Schwarzenberg Act of 1947). The Liechtenstein family is still suing the Czech Republic for seized property, as well as several other families labeled as Germans after the war.

In 1948, there was a communist coup in Czechoslovakia. Subsequently, the property of all noble families was confiscated. A large part of the Czech nobility therefore emigrated (for example, the Schwarzenberg, Colloredo-Mannsfelds, Kolowrat, Hildprand, some Lobkowitz or Sternberg). The nobles who stayed at home (such as the Kinsky, Wratislav, Czernin, some Sternberg and Lobkowitz) were variously persecuted, for example they were prevented from studying, usually they were also evicted to unsuitable dwellings. Some members of the Czech nobility were imprisoned. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, properties seized by the communist regime were returned to their original owners. Members of the Czech nobility who emigrated abroad returned to their estates. Some subsequently returned to public life (for example, Karel Schwarzenberg as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Member of Parliament and Senator, Michal Lobkowitz as Minister of Defense and Member of Parliament, Tomáš Czernin as Senator). Other Czech nobles devote themselves, for example, to business, culture, science, the church, or knightly orders.

Oldest noble families
The oldest founding families (numbering around twenty) of the Czech and Moravian nobility include:

 * Buzici
 * Zajícové z Házmburka
 * Šelmberkové
 * Benešovici
 * Lords of Dubé
 * Lords of Kravař
 * Lords of Bechyně
 * Drslavici
 * Švihovští z Rýzmberka
 * Czernin family
 * Hrabišici
 * Hroznatovci
 * Janovici
 * Kolowrats
 * Markvartici
 * Lemberkové
 * Vartenberkové
 * Waldstein
 * Ronovci
 * Lichtenburkové
 * Klinštejns
 * Lords of Lipé
 * Lords of z Dubé
 * Vítkovci
 * Lords of Hradce
 * Lords of Krumlova
 * Rosenbergs
 * Lords of Landštejn
 * Lords of Stráže
 * Zierotins and others.

List of important noble families

 * Bavor of Strakonice
 * Belcredi
 * Berchtold of Ungarschitz
 * Bibra
 * Boskowicz
 * Bořek-Dohalský
 * Bruntálský of Vrbno
 * Bubna of Litice
 * Chorinský of Ledská
 * Clary-Aldringen
 * Colloredo-Mannsfeld
 * Czernin
 * Chotek
 * Deym of Střítež
 * Dobřenský of Dobřenice
 * Dubá
 * Berka of Dubá
 * Jelení
 * Hildprandt
 * Harrach
 * Hradec
 * Hohenberg
 * Kamenický of Kamenice
 * Kinsky
 * Colditz
 * Kolowrat
 * Kaunitz
 * Krajíř of Krajek
 * Kravaře
 * Kunštát
 * Lažanský of Buková
 * Lichtenburg
 * Liechtenstein
 * Lanna
 * Larisch-Moennich
 * Lichnowsky
 * Lipá
 * Lobkowicz
 * Martinic
 * Nostitz
 * Paar
 * Pernštejn
 * Piccolomini
 * Poděbrady
 * Přemyslid
 * Rohan
 * Ronovci
 * Rosenberg
 * Švihovský of Rýzmberk
 * Slavata of Chlum
 * Slavník
 * Smiřický of Smiřice
 * Schlick
 * Schwarzenberg
 * Sporck
 * Sternberg
 * Schwamberg
 * Thun-Hohenstein
 * Trčka of Lípa
 * Tunkl of Brníčko
 * Vítkovci
 * Vlašim
 * Vršovci
 * Waldstein
 * Wratislaw of Mitrovice
 * Zajíc of Hazmburk
 * Zedtwitz
 * Zierotin

title: Czech nobility


text:
Talk:Robert Stethem

Robert Stethem article
"It is rumored, that..." it says in the arti. Since when is Wikipedia for rumors?

I can only imagine the horrors that Robert Dean Stethem suffered on that hijacked planed. Why was this his fate?

Anthony

lets not forget that his killer was just released with a slap on the wrist

 * I wouldn't call parole after 19 years in prison "a slap on the wrist". (Dennis)

 * On the other hand, I wouldn't call it anything even closely resembling "justice."Benami 01:09, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

--- In today's (2005-12-20) "Spiegel online", the online version of Germany's premier newsmagazine, i read Hammadi has been released "last week", not on Dec 20th. (http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,391485,00.html, in German)

Dankwart

--- Hopefully a "close encounter" with a Navy SEAL team is in the future for the released killer. Maybe he can be brought to justice in this country.

fellow Seabee

-

I remember this incident. The most sickening thing for me was not the killing of this brave man (what do you expect from Islamist scum), but it was the interview with a female passenger, whose name does not deserve to be remembered. She was asked about the incident, and she said something to the effect of, "Well... he wasn't the smartest person I ever met." My reaction, as a teenager - and still today, as a 50 year old attorney, college professor and veteran of the armed forces, is... "FUCK HER." It was a reflection of the "malaise" phase of American life, where people felt like those in uniform were probably either trailer trash who could not get another job, or they were empty-headed in-bred hicks from the mountains of Appalachia. God help us all.

I met Robert Stethem in the summer of 1984
We were in school in Pt. Huneme, Ca. in 1984. He was a handsome young man who was very proud of his standing with the Navy. He was very easily liked...by everyone. We enjoyed many nights out on liberty and he was a fine gentleman. We became good friends. I was sitting in my living room in Adak, Alaska (1985) when I saw his picture on the news. I was both shocked, and shaken to hear of his death. It will remain with me to my death. Bobby...I still think of you my firend! Rest in peace! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 138.162.5.11 (talk) 17:32, 13 March 2007 (UTC).

Rating/insignia clarification
Stethem's grave marker says "SW2-DV" and the article says he became a "2nd class Navy Diver". Further down the marker, it shows "Honorary CUCM (DV)". In the article, it says he was promoted to Master Chief Constructionman.

This note says that when a BU, EA, or SW is promoted to E-9 paygrade (MCPO), they merge into CU, which is consistent with the CUCM reference. What I can't see is where Navy Diver (ND) fits in, nor is there any mention I can find in WP articles of what "DV" is. Can someone shed some light on this (i.e. is ND a new DV, and is this how multiple qualifications are stacked, though why wouldn't he have been promoted to DVCM (NDCM) instead of CUCM)?

Also, in our images and articles, we show the Command Master Chief and  Force/Fleet Master Chief insignia, but the only other MCPO insignia appears to be the  Master Chief Boatswain's Mate, with the  crossed anchors, used generically for all other MCPO ratings. Do I understand correctly that there are really separate insignia with each rating's metal insignia below the eagle (except those that are combined, per the note above)? That is, in the case of Stethem, would be below the eagle instead of the BM's crossed anchors? —[  Alan M 1  (talk) ]— 10:27, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Navy Divers are awarded qualification insignia that they wear. The (DV) written after their rate is the officially recognized way of notating that qualification. The 'ND' that you mention is not officially recognized and is never used. His designation as a second-class diver is only coincidentally similar-sounding to his rate as a Steelworker Second Class. The two uses of 'second class' simply denote a lower ranking (one of Divers, and the other of Petty Officers) but are not tied to each other. And for your last question: yes. Each rating has its own unique graphical representation on their shoulder patches. Highspeed (talk) 17:43, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

 * With regard to the last question, just to clarify: BU, EA, and SW combine into "Master Chief Constructionman" at E-9. However, there is no "Constructionman" insignia (at least not at ). My question is which insignia is used then? Is it the rating they were promoted from (i.e. the BU, EA, or SW insignia), the "BU" insignia, or something else? Assuming the "BU" insignia, I created File:USN CUCM.png (shown at right), which I hope is correct, for Master Chief Constructionman (CUCM), no good conduct. —[  Alan M 1  (talk) ]— 07:59, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Also note that the "ND" came from List of United States Navy ratings, which lists it as a rating, in parallel with others like BM, BU, and AB, and links to United States Navy Diver which also seems to be on par with other linked articles like Boatswain's mate, Builder, and Aviation boatswain's mate. Does this need fixing, or am I missing something? —[  Alan M 1  (talk) ]— 09:06, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

 * In reference to this article and the nuances of Navy ratings and Navy warfare qualifications, you have stumbled upon odd quirks as a result of some recent changes. ND and SO are relatively new ratings created during the mid-2000s. Prior to their creation, Navy Divers and SEALs were warfare qualifications earned irrespective of a sailor's source rating. In order for these personnel to advance in their careers on par with the rest of the Navy, they had to also occasionally work and train in their rating so as to insure their ability to pass advancement exams. As the Long War continued and the need for these highly-trained personnel increased, it was decided to create new ratings specifically to retain these special warfare skills in the war rotation and to give these sailors a better chance to advance. So, ND is a rating and (DV) is a qualification. Similarly, SO is a rating and (SEAL) is the qualification; and SB is a rating and (SWCC) is a qualification. A bit confusing, but I hope this makes sense. In regards to your rating badge observations, I don't know the answer to which insignia is used when rates combine. But I will start to look for the answer. By the way, if you ever see a CUCM wearing red chevrons & rockers, get a picture! I doubt that creature even exists. Highspeed (talk) 13:22, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's quite helpful. With regard to red vs. gold, do you mean it's unlikely that they could get to E-9 without good conduct also? I used red for this article because there was no reference to a good conduct award (or is that separate from the Navy Good Conduct Medal?). Keep in mind he was only an "SW2" (E-5, right?) at the time of his death – the promotion to E-9 was a posthumous honor. —[  Alan M 1  (talk) ]— 23:38, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Stethem


text:
Talk:Free, White and 21

Untitled
Uh... forget it, Delete it, speedy delete it. 129.177.61.123 13:58, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Exactly why is this listed for speedy deletion? 129.177.61.123 13:56, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Five years on, evidently action has been less than speedy.

I found the article useful. Though I'd agree, the film sounds forgettable.

I've heard numerous--mostly ironic--uses of the phrase. Given the repetition in different sources of a less-than-obvious sequence of words, I assumed it was referring to something. But what?

For example a line on Soft Machine's LP Volume 2, in the song "Hulloder" after musing, "If I were black/And I lived here..." (i.e. the States) "...I'd want to be a big man in the FBI/Or the CIA." Ultimately concluding "I don't need more power than I've got" due to being, of course...Free White and 21. (Fairly typical of singer/drummer Robert Wyatt's wry & occasionally Dada sense of humor, and intended as a comment on American racism I would assume.)

Today I happened to come across the phrase yet again--in an obituary of Robert Novak, by Alexander Cockburn (just a quote...it wasn't either of them who'd said it)--which provided impetus to do the search which led here. So, finally, I know at least a bit about the origin of the phrase.

Is it of great significance? Hardly. But if that were an important criterion for inclusion in Wikipedia, we'd all have a lot more deletions to work on. Like, was the Star Wars Xmas Special "canon", etc.

If it doesn't warrant its own article? Well, one could imagine a compendium of English idioms. drone5 (talk) 19:27, 22 August 2009 (UTC)

Removing refs to phrase "free, white, and twenty-one"
This article is about two things: the movie Free, White and 21, and then there's a section about the phrase "free, white, and twenty-one". But we don't construct articles like that. There should be a disambig page and two separate articles. However, the article about the phrase would just be dicdef. (In addition, the movie, which after all grossed just $40,000 is probably not notable, but that's a different issue.) So I removed the section about the phrase, beyond a mere mention with a link to the Wiktionary entry.

The removed material, which was entirely uncited, was:
 * ''This phrase has a historical basis which predates its use in motion pictures.

 * The phrase is used in the 1922 film Foolish Wives'', with the retort being "Well, I'm married--sunburned--and forty-one--"

 * The phrase "Free, White and 21" is also used in the 1932 film I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang'' starring Paul Muni. Muni stars as prisoner who escapes from a chain gang and falls in love. While on a romantic outing with his young love, Muni asks the young lady if there is anything that requires her to be home and she responds by saying she has no responsibilities, she is "free, white and 21".

 * The phrase is used in the movie, The Conquerors'', a 1932 Radio Film, by character Matilda Blake, played by Edna May Oliver. The phrase is spoken in the last five minutes of the film. Ruby Keeler utters the phrase in the film "Dames" (1934).

 * ''The phrase is also spoken by Henry Fonda to Bette Davis in the 1937 film "That Certain Woman".

 * ''Ginger Rogers declares "I'm free, white and 21," as Kitty in the 1940 film "Kitty Foyle" to assert her right to make her own decisions. Similarly, Inger Stevens utters the phrase to Harry Belafonte in the 1959 film, "The World, the Flesh and the Devil".

I see the Soft Machine lyrics here, and the Wiktionary entry has a cite. It's possible that an article about the phrase could be created. It's an interesting social artifact. Herostratus (talk) 05:43, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Free, White and 21


text:
Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch

The Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch (also known as Azad University of Gorgan) is a campus of Islamic Azad University system in Iran.

History
The university came of age under the direction of Abdol Ghayoom Ebrahimi, who was the first university chancellor during 1988–2000.

This university started its work with three majors (civil engineering, biology and agricultural engineering) and 60 students in 1988. It was then situated in Gorgan's Jorjan Street. Since then, the university has grown both in quantity and quality. At present, it has +500 faculty members, and approximately 13,000 students in B.S., M.S. and PhD of 48 majors.

Academic Campus
Founded in 1988, the campus is located in Gorgan, Golestan Province, occupying about 40 acre in the city of Gorgan in the province of Golestan, in northern Iran.

Education
At Present, Islamic Azad University of Gorgan is offering over 500 courses in 48 degree programs. The university awards bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and Doctor of Philosophy each year. The average class consists of 25 students (not including lab classes and discussion sections led by graduate student instructors).

Faculty members
Academic staff of the university has consisted of +500 faculty members, and includes full Professors, associate professors, assistant professors and instructors.

Alumni
Islamic Azad University of Gorgan has graduated many students who have gone on to earn doctorates in Iran and other countries, such as the United States. The acceptance rate to entrance examinations of master's degree, competitive all over the country, is notable. For example, Nora Taghavi, a graduate of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan, is now a graduate student in the Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology (MCDB) Department of the University of California at Santa Barbara, CA, in the United States.

Chancellors
The position of chancellor was created in 1988; there have since been three inaugurated chancellors and two acting chancellors:

Administration
The Chancellor has five Vice Chancellors:

Official Websites

 * Islamic Azad University of Gorgan
 * Azad News Agency (ANA), official News Agency of Islamic Azad University

List of Universities in Iran

 * List of universities in Iran @wikipedia.org
 * List of Iranian universities @dictionary.laborlawtalk.com
 * List of Universities, Institutes and Colleges @irancivilcenter.com

title: Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch