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Talk:Parkfield earthquake

The majority of the initial text was moved from LeonardG's entries about the Parkfield earthquake in the actual Parkfield, California article. However, I'm not that happy with the info here, as there is a lot of interpretation and analysis. Being an encyclopedia, we need to just stick with the straight facts. Some parts of this text is incorrect as well. (e.g. The Fort Tejon earthquake was centered at Parkfield, not Coalinga). These will need to be corrected. I also believe the amount of slip in this event is wrong. Will verify this in the next few days. Anyway, questions or comments, let's discuss it here.

RockBandit 06:53, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

Parkville, CA
It's not clear why Parkville, CA points here. meatclerk 05:48, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Naming
I don't believe 'Parkfield-San Bernardino earthquake' is the right name, because the article is generally about the recurring M6.0 earthquakes in Parkfield itself, and 'Parkfield-San Bernardino' refers to the large section of the San Andreas fault that was ruptured in the Fort Tejon earthquake, and that has its own article. A google search for Parkfield-San Bernardino just brings up references to this article. RapidR (talk) 17:42, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

merhaba —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.100.31.19 (talk) 18:11, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Rewrite, with serious "refimprove"
In case anyone is interested: I am considering rewriting much of this article. It currently starts with: "Parkfield earthquake is a name given to various large earthquakes that occurred in the vicinity of the town of Parkfield, California, United States." Which is incorrect, as, in terms of notability, the "Parkfield earthquake" is the one of 2004. I intend to explain that, and "the prediction". And improve the sourcing, which is currently three general sources and five urls. ♦ J. Johnson (JJ) (talk) 21:40, 22 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Parkfield earthquake


text: User talk:213.59.169.182

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:213.59.169.182


text: User talk:205.250.183.196

title: User talk:205.250.183.196


text:
GTK-Qt

The GTK-Qt Theme Engine is a project allowing GTK to use Qt widget styles. Aimed primarily at KDE users, it uses Qt to draw the widget into an offscreen buffer, then draws a copy of the contents of this buffer onscreen.

title: GTK-Qt


text:
Category:Pre-1945 Florida State Roads

See also Pre-1945 Florida State Roads.

title: Category:Pre-1945 Florida State Roads


text:
User talk:Soup of the Gods

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
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Stop adding junk to wikipedia (i.e., Bryan ritter). As you were obviously the one who posted this the first time around before you registered this name, this will count as your second warning. Postdlf 19:38, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Soup of the Gods


text:
Newspapers of the Chicago metropolitan area

The following newspapers have been or are printed in the Chicago metropolitan area.

Daily newspapers

 * The Beacon-News. Aurora
 * Chicago Sun-Times, 1948–present
 * Chicago Tribune, 1847–present
 * The Courier-News, Elgin
 * Daily Herald
 * Daily Southtown, 1906–present
 * The Herald-News
 * Hoy
 * Kane County Chronicle
 * Naperville Sun
 * News Sun, 1892–present
 * Northwest Herald
 * Post-Tribune
 * The Times of Northwest Indiana, 1906-present

Weekly newspapers

 * Chicago Defender, 1905–present (daily between 1956 and 2003)
 * Chicago Reader, 1972–present
 * Journal & Topics Media Group 1933-present
 * Newcity
 * Sanghamam, 2001–present
 * South Side Weekly

Past

 * Chicago American, 1900–1939, became Herald-American
 * Chicago Chronicle, 1895–1908
 * Chicago Courier, 1874–1876
 * Chicago Daily News, 1876–1978
 * Chicago Daily Telegraph, 1878–1881 (became Chicago Morning Herald)
 * Chicago Daily Times, 1929–1948 (merged with Chicago Sun to form Chicago Sun-Times)
 * Chicago Democrat, 1833–1861
 * Chicago Democratic Press, 1852–1857
 * Chicago Evening Mail, 1870–1875 (became Post & Mail)
 * Chicago Evening Post, 1865–1875 (became Post & Mail)
 * Chicago Evening Post, 1886-1932 (absorbed by Chicago Daily News)
 * Chicago Evening Press & Mail, 1884–1897
 * Chicago Examiner, 1902–1918 (became Herald-Examiner)
 * Chicago Express, 1842–1843
 * Chicago Globe, 1887–1895
 * Chicago Herald, 1881–1918
 * Chicago Herald-American, 1939–1958 (became Chicago's American)
 * Chicago Herald-Examiner, 1918–39 (became Herald-American)
 * Chicago Journal, 1844–1929 (absorbed by Chicago Daily News)
 * Chicago Mail, 1885–1894
 * Chicago Morning News, 1881 (became Chicago Record)
 * Chicago Morning Herald, 1893–1901 (became Record-Herald)
 * Chicago Post, 1890–1929 (absorbed by Daily News)
 * Chicago Record, 1881–1901
 * Chicago Record Herald, 1901–1914
 * Chicago Republican, 1865–1872 (became Chicago Inter Ocean)
 * Chicago Sun, 1941–1948 (merged with Chicago Daily Times to form Chicago Sun-Times)
 * Chicago Times, 1861–1895 (became Times-Herald)
 * Chicago Times-Herald, 1895–1901 (became Record-Herald)
 * Chicago Whip, 1919–1939
 * Chicago's American, 1958–1969 (became Today)
 * Chicago Inter Ocean, 1872–1914 (became Record-Herald)
 * Chicago Post & Mail, 1875–1878 (absorbed by Chicago Daily News)
 * Today, 1969–1974
 * City News Bureau of Chicago, local cooperative wire service

Chicago weekly community newspapers

 * Ashburn Independent
 * Austin Voice
 * Austin Weekly News
 * Beverly News
 * Beverly Review
 * Brighton Park/McKinley Park Life
 * Bridgeport News
 * Bulgaria SEGA Newspaper (Bulgarian Community Newspaper - Est 2005)
 * Shoreland News
 * Chicago Citizen Newspapers
 * Chicago Independent Bulletin
 * Chicago Journal
 * Chicago Standard
 * Clear Ridge Reporter
 * Exito
 * Extra Bilingual Community Newspaper
 * The Garfield Lawndale Voice
 * The Gazette
 * The Gate
 * Greek Star
 * Hi India Weekly
 * Hyde Park Herald
 * India Bulletin
 * Inside-Booster
 * Korean News
 * Korean Times
 * Journal News
 * La Raza
 * La Voz de Chicago
 * La Voz del Paseo Boricua
 * Lawndale News
 * Mt. Greenwood Express
 * Our Neighborhood Times
 * News-Star
 * North Lawndale Community News
 * Northwest Leader-Post
 * Northwest Side Press
 * Polish Daily News
 * Reporter/Journal
 * Sauganash Sounds
 * Scottsdale Independent
 * Skyline
 * Southeast Chicago Observer
 * South Street Journal
 * Ukrainske Slovo Newspaper (Ukrainian Community Newspaper - Est 2002)
 * Southwest Courier
 * Southwest News Herald
 * Windy City Times (GLBT)

Suburban community newspapers

 * Desplaines Valley News
 * Evanston Roundtable
 * Evanston Sentinel
 * Forest Park Review
 * Journal-Topics Newspapers
 * Lombardian
 * Lombard Spectator
 * Niles Bugle
 * Pioneer Press
 * Saint Charles Republican
 * Suburban Life newspapers
 * Tri-City Journal
 * 22nd Century Media
 * Wednesday Journal

Past community newspapers

 * Back-of-Yards Journal
 * Citizen, 1900s–1930
 * Chatham Citizen, 1965-1975
 * Edison Review
 * Life
 * Chicago Free Press (GLBT, 1999–2010)
 * Gay Chicago
 * Gay Life (GLBT, 1970s-80s)
 * North Loop News
 * Near North News
 * New Metro News
 * Norwood Review
 * Brookfield Enterprise / The Times (1932-1985)
 * Residents' Journal
 * River North News
 * The Skeleton News
 * Times, 1950s–2005
 * Uptown Action, 1980-1985
 * Westside Journal
 * West Town Chicago Journal
 * West Town Free Press (West Town Tenants Union) (1997-2002)
 * Voice

Specialized local newspapers

 * Bar Fly
 * Catholic New World, bi-weekly newspaper for the Archdiocese of Chicago
 * Chicago Computer Guide
 * Chicago Daily Law Bulletin
 * Chicago Educator
 * Chicago Journal of Commerce and Daily Financial Times, 1920-1923 (became Chicago Journal of Commerce and LaSalle Street Journal)
 * Chicago Journal of Commerce and LaSalle Street Journal, 1923-1950 (purchased by Wall Street Journal and became Chicago Edition of the Wall Street Journal)
 * Chicago Parent
 * Chicago Reporter
 * Chicago Sports Weekly
 * Chicago Suburban Family
 * Crain's Chicago Business
 * Outlines
 * PerformInk
 * Spark (U.S. organization)
 * StreetWise, 1992–present


text:
User talk:Quantum cyborg

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
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 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Quantum cyborg


text:
(Just Like) Starting Over

"(Just Like) Starting Over" is a song written and performed by John Lennon from the 1980 album, Double Fantasy. It was released as a single on 24 October 1980 in the United Kingdom, with Yoko Ono's "Kiss Kiss Kiss" as the B-side. It reached number one in both the US and UK after Lennon was murdered on 8 December 1980. It was Lennon's final single released in his lifetime.

Background
"(Just Like) Starting Over" was the first single released from Double Fantasy and the first new recording Lennon had released since he left the music industry in 1975. It was chosen by Lennon not because he felt it was the best track on the album, but because it was the most appropriate following his five-year absence from the recording industry. He referred to it during production as the "Elvis/Orbison" track, as he "tongue in cheek" impersonated their vocal styles. Lennon explained, "All through the taping of "Starting Over," I was calling what I was doing "Elvis Orbison": "I want you I need only the lonely." I'm a born-again rocker, I feel that refreshed, and I'm going right back to my roots." At the start of the 2010 "Stripped Down" version of the song, Lennon says "this one's for Gene, and Eddie, and Elvis... and Buddy."

Composition
Although its origins were in unfinished demo compositions like "Don't Be Crazy" and "My Life", it was one of the last songs to be completed in time for the Double Fantasy sessions. "We didn't hear it until the last day of rehearsal," producer Jack Douglas said in 2005. Lennon finished the song while on holiday in Bermuda, and recorded it at The Hit Factory in New York City just weeks later. The song was originally titled "Starting Over"; however, "(Just Like)" was added prior to its release because of its similarity to Dolly Parton's "Starting Over Again" which had topped the US Country Charts earlier in the year. The chiming bell that opens the song was a deliberate allusion to the heavy tolling church bell that opens Lennon's 1970 song "Mother", illustrating how far Lennon had come in ten years.

While commercial releases of the song (original 45rpm singles, LPs and Compact Discs) run a length of three minutes and 54 seconds, a promotional 12" vinyl single originally issued to radio stations features a longer fadeout, officially running at four minutes 17 seconds.

Musicologist Walter Everett noted melodic similarities between a portion of the song and the Beach Boys' 1964 single "Don't Worry Baby".

Recording
Lennon recorded "(Just Like) Starting Over" on 9 August 1980 at The Hit Factory. The track was mixed at the Record Plant on 25–26 September 1980.

Release and reception
The song is Lennon's biggest solo hit in the United States, staying at number 1 for five weeks. Before Lennon was murdered in New York City on 8 December 1980, the single had reached number 6 on the US charts. It reached number 1 for the week ending 27 December. Billboard ranked it at the No. 4 song for 1981. The song also reached number 1 on the Cashbox Top 100.

In the UK, it had peaked at number 8 in the charts and had fallen to position number 21 before Lennon's death propelled it to number 1. It was overtaken to the Christmas Number One Single rank by the St Winifred's School Choir's "There's No One Quite Like Grandma," finishing at number 2 on that list. By 6 January 1981, there were three Lennon songs in the UK top 5, a feat that remained unequalled for 35 years when Justin Bieber managed to accomplish this in January 2016.

Billboard magazine considered "(Just Like) Starting Over" to be an "uptempo, fresh sounding rocker," praising the "irresistible melody and lyric line," the "exceptional rhythm unit" as well as Lennon's vocal performance. Record World said that "John steps briskly into the mainstream with this glorious pop-rocker."

In 2013, Billboard ranked it as the 62nd biggest hit of all time on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Stereogum contributors Timothy and Elizabeth Bracy rated it as Lennon's seventh best solo song, saying that it "finds him in throwback mode, delightfully evoking the doo-wop of his childhood on an uncharacteristically winsome ode to rejuvenated love." Ultimate Classic Rock critic Stephen Lewis rated it as Lennon's seventh greatest solo love song, saying that "The undeniably catchy rock and roll song – a tribute to past rock and rollers – appeals to ears and hearts, with a solid groove and an optimistic and wistful lyric that is honest, without becoming maudlin."

On 8 October 2010, in honor of what would have been his 70th birthday the following day, iTunes released remastered albums, iTunes LPs, and a free track, the 2010 remix of "(Just Like) Starting Over".

Covers
The Flaming Lips recorded a version for the benefit album Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur.

Personnel

 * John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Earl Slick, Hugh McCracken – lead guitar
 * Tony Levin – bass guitar
 * George Small – keyboards
 * Andy Newmark – drums
 * Arthur Jenkins – percussion
 * Michelle Simpson, Cassandra Wooten, Cheryl Manson Jacks, Eric Troyer – backing vocals

title: (Just Like) Starting Over


text:
Mokichi Okada

Mokichi Okada (岡田茂吉 Okada Mokichi; 23 December 1882 – 10 February 1955) was the founder of the World Church of Messiah, that later became the Church of World Меssianity. He also acted as the spiritual leader of Shumei and the Johrei Fellowship. He is known by his followers by the honorific title Meshiya-Sama or Meishū-sama (明主様, lit. "Lord of Light"). He is the founder of Johrei, an energy healing ritual that uses "divine light" to dissolve the spiritual impurities that are understood to be the source of all physical, emotional, and personal problems.

Early life
According to his official biography, Okada was born to a poor Buddhist family in Asakusa, Tokyo and, after many trials and tribulations, eventually made his fortune in the jewellery business. His success was short-lived however. After losing his wife, children and then business following an economic downturn and the Great Kanto Earthquake, he started to question the pursuit of material success. He remarried and went on to have further children but spurred on to find the answers he sought, he turned to religion to explore and express the spiritual aspect of life.

Spiritual awakening
He was initially a follower of the Shinto offshoot Oomoto, a new religion that taught that the much anticipated Age of Light was approaching, where he became popular as a spiritual healer. In 1926 at the age of 45, Okada told his followers that he had received enlightenment and with it, a special revelation from God about the dawn of the Age of Light and his mission as a saviour of the people who were suffering. This later led him to found a further new religion to spread the teachings he received on establishing paradise on earth and creating a new civilisation.

Teachings
Okada talked and wrote extensively about Paradise on Earth and God's Will for humanity – health, wealth and happiness – that we may live in peace and harmony with nature, each other and ourselves. He summarised his teachings in three Pillars – the Art of Healing, The Art of Beauty and the Art of Nature.

In terms of healing, the main teaching that he shared was that of Johrei – channelling God's Divine Light of Purification to clear the spirit of a person or place to establish a paradise-like state of health, abundance and happiness. He taught the importance of the spiritual world and that what happens in the spiritual world precedes events and outcomes in the physical domain. His premise of healing with light is that clouds developed in the spiritual realm when suffering occurred which when purified caused physical disease or accidents. If these "clouds" are cleared by Divine Light, then there would be no opportunity for the harm to occur.

Okada valued art as a way to keep the spirits lifted and clear the viewer's spirit through appreciation of beauty. He also taught natural farming methods to keep food pure and as nature intended to ensure that the body didn't have to deal with chemicals which could cause a build up of toxins in the body, which were another cause of purifications. He also taught the need to study nature to understand the natural laws and how to live in harmony with them more peacefully.

Okada wrote and spoke extensively about his relationship with God and encouraged his followers to deepen their faith and dedication and develop their characters with truth, virtue and beauty.

He wrote many poems, prayers, books and articles and only a small selection of them have been translated out of Japanese.

Initial organizations
In 1935 he established the Japan Kannon Society, a religious organization that allowed him to talk a little about God, prayer, spiritual matters and continue to share his approach to spiritual healing with his followers within the parameters of traditional Japanese religious beliefs. But due to political restrictions on religious organizations at the time, Okada opted to develop a parallel medical route to expound his discoveries. In 1936 he established the "Japan Health Association” in Koujimachi, Tokyo and he soon expanded to open a rehabilitation center focusing on the healing powers of light combined with Japanese massage and traditional hands on healing therapies, similar to what he had experienced in Oomoto. But in the same year it was shut down as a violation of the Medical Practitioners' Law (医師法違反).

Sacred Grounds and Art Museum
In 1944 he moved to Gora, Hakone, and the following year he there started construction of Shinsenkyô, the sacred grounds, as a prototype of paradise on Earth. In 1945 he also started the construction of a second sacred grounds, “Zuiunkyô,” in Atami. He also initiated the construction of the third and final of his sacred grounds, Heiankyô in Kyoto.

While in Hakone, he started collecting national treasures of art and culture that he displayed there to the public in the Hakone Museum of Art that was completed in 1952.

World Church of Messiah
After WWII, the restrictions on religious freedom were dropped and in 1950, he established Sekai Meshiya Kyô, the World Church of Messiah. The purpose of this, was to bring the presence of the spirit of Messiah to all humanity. His intention, he said, was always to establish such an organization and explained that he had only followed a medical route early on because there was little freedom at the time for him to practice a new religion.

He was a great proponent of culture, religion and art from around the world and read Bible and Quran. He went on to develop links to Christianity within his religious community, teaching his choir to sing Handel's Messiah's Halleluiah chorus and saying that his organization would work "in concert with Christianity". This Western influence proved unpopular with his original followers and after his death was dropped from the teachings shared amongst the community which later was renamed as the Church of World Messianity, 世界救世教 Sekai Kyūsei Kyō, in 1957.

In 1954 he completed the sacred grounds at Atami but the same year he experienced a brain hemorrhage and almost died. As he started to recover, he told his close followers that he had received a miraculous blessing from God and had been born again as a Messiah, born again of the spirit by God in Heaven, and reported that as a consequence, his skin was like that of a new born baby and even his hair dresser had said his hair was soft like that of a newborn, and that it had regained its colour. Due to the controversial nature of these statements they were largely hidden from the public.

Death
In 1955 he died, and left the church in the care of his wife. His followers honoured his death as his ascension into heaven.

Family
Okada's second wife Yoshi Okada became Nidai-Sama (second spiritual leader) upon his death, as she inherited the seat of Kyoshu, spiritual leader of the church. With the death of Nidai-Sama, the title of Kyoshu passed to the couple's daughter, Itsuki Okada, who came to be called Sandai Kyoshu-Sama (Third Spiritual Leader) by the faithful until her abdication and replacement on the seat by her nephew, Yoichi Okada, now Yondai Kyoshu-Sama (Fourth Spiritual Leader). Sandai-Sama was responsible for establishing the Sanguetsu Academy, which works to improve the Japanese flower arranging technique of ikebana for the Messianic Church. Yoichi is Okada's grandson, and he has a son, Masaaki, who is also active in the church leadership.

Okada’s second daughter, Miya Yoshioka (Miya-sama) was born in 1925 as officially became a member of the Okada Official Spiritual Lineage in 1975. Also demonstrating exceptional ability in the ceramic arts and ikebana (art of flower arrangement), she held a love for the arts throughout her life until she passed away in 2017 at the age of 91.

Okasa’s fourth son, Kunihiro Okada was born in 1932 and assumed his position in Okada’s Official Spiritual Lineage in 1975. Inheriting Okada’s ability in the arts, he demonstrated outstanding sensibility in fields such as metal craft and ceramics.

Legacy
His work was very influential in the area of Nature Farming, Japanese flower arranging, and art collections in Japan, while his spiritual influence lives on through various religious organisations.

Sangetsu
The Sangetsu (山月) school of ikebana, inspired by Mokichi Okada, was founded in June 1972. The Mokichi Okada Association (MOA) was established in 1980 to continue his work "toward the creation of a new civilization to be undertaken without confining Okada's principles and their implementation within a religious framework" (MOA acquired the status of a legal entity as a limited liability intermediary corporation in 2005, then transferred to one of general corporation in 2009, officially called MOA International Corporation). Much of Okada's extensive art collection is now housed in the MOA Museum of Art in Atami, Japan.

Nature Farming
In 1936, Okada established an agricultural system originally called "no fertilizer farming" or "Nature Farming". Offshoots such as the Sekai Kyusei Kyo, promoting "Kyusei nature farming", and the Mokichi Okada Association formed after his death to continue promoting the work in Japan and South-East Asia.

According to the International Nature Farming Research Center in Nagano, Japan, it is based on the theories that:
 * Fertilizers pollute the soil and weaken its power of production.
 * Pests would break out from the excessive use of fertilizers
 * The difference in disease incidence between resistant and susceptible plants is attributed to nutrition conditions inside the body.
 * Vegetables and fruits produced by nature farming taste better than those by chemical farming.

title: Mokichi Okada


text:
Talk:Mokichi Okada

New Contributor
100% wood (talk) 21:52, 29 April 2015 (UTC) Hi, I am going to work on editing this page as part of a school assignment. I am new to wikipedia so my format and writing may not be correct at first so I welcome any suggestions or opinions. This is a link to my sandbox for the article. User:100% wood/Testsp

Untitled
I've heard that Okada made his fortune as a black marketeer during World War II, but I wasn't able to find much raw data amidst the cult propaganda. Any hard references appreciated. Jpatokal 07:09, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC) t In fact Mokichi Okada have never been a black marketeer. On contrary, he was an art collector who prevented many masterpieces of being negotiated in the black market.

In the post war, most traditional families became ruined and national treasures of art begun to be sold to foreigners in the black market. The govern then tried to buy many, but in the postwar Japan was not so rich.

Okada was planning since a long time to build a public museum so he (and many others) begun to buy the masterpieces to prevent the outcome (a tragedy for the japanese culture). Once built the museum, the masterpieces were shown to the public. The MOA Museum of Art was the first public museum in Japan. Danim 17:16, 27 Jan 2006
 * Mokichi Okada was so feeble while his childhood, and he had experienced the dropout in his schooldays , in Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music.Mokichi had his fine judgement sence for arts . His Shodo calligraphy ,"光" was excellent and splendid.Consequently Mokichi had gained fame and wealth. Hence we find the MOA Museum of Art in Atami, Shizuoka. —Preceding unsigned comment added by The DQN,macbeth (talk • contribs) 07:31, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 21:32, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

POV-check
A believer may believe, the article is best when reciting in the style of the publications of his church or master. Like "It's believed that during a period of intense spirituality. Mr. Okada received divine revelations ..." or "Mr.Okada learned of Johrei through revelation from God, who commanded him to spread the message ..." and so forth. I understand, the tendency to begin sentences with "Mr. Okada" comes from the respectful japanese hierarchical form "Okada san". Nevertheless, for western culture the article is not bibliographically proven, when the sentences are the same than in the religions press releases. To bring this article to an acceptable level, one can start with the citations about Sekai Kyuseikyo on http://www.adherents.com/Na/Na_587.html for example, or with an attempt, to get together a bit of a "Critical Biography" of Okada, and at best, really know about millenaristic movements and about Okadas ideology and praxis of channeling. The writers, or finally the text at least, must abstract from religious or non-religious POV. Otherwise this article should be buried. Read Neutral_point_of_view --Fluss (talk) 00:42, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * If you look at the article history, you'll see that there's a slow-motion edit war in progress between User:Shinzenbi and myself, and you saw one of his versions. I'll let you guess which one of us is a church adherent... Jpatokal (talk) 05:12, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Shure, we have individual reasons to be here. It would be nice for everyone, if Mokichi Okada is neither idealized nor incriminated with unproven rumours. If there is a proof or a bibliographical source for his involvement in blackmarket activity, or if there was a public discussion about it, the main proovable facts and trustworthy sources must be named precisely. So i beg you both, to reduce the article to neutral facts of general public interest. The ideological and practical teachings shall be explained from a neutral distance. --Fluss (talk) 06:19, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The black market allegation is from a book that discusses Okada and the MOA Museum in passing, but unfortunately I don't have it on hand and am sure of neither title nor author, so I've removed it from the article. However, I've added the well-cited fact that his "healing centers" were shut down in 1936 for practicing medicine without a license. Jpatokal (talk) 07:54, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Dates need fixing
How could he start an Ikebana school in 1972 if he died in 1955? 75.61.135.243 (talk) 09:36, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Gasp! You doubt the powers of the almight Meishu-sama?

 * More seriously, the school appears to have been inspired by him/the MOA movement, not founded by Okada directly. I've fixed the article. Jpatokal (talk) 18:31, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Mokichi Okada. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070814070340/http://johrei.johreiki.net:80/ to http://johrei.johreiki.net
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20151123171237/http://www.japanfile.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=322 to http://www.japanfile.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=322

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:53, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mokichi Okada


text:
Talk:Tim Bray

Ahem (blush)
Honorary degree —Preceding unsigned comment added by TimBray (talk • contribs) 16:21, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Needs an Update
We shut down the Atompub Working Group in Oct 2007, so I no longer co-edit. Might want to mention that it produced RFCs 4287 (The Atom data format) and 5023 (Atom Publishing Protocol).

For my software, I've made a summary page at http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/misc/Software

Tim Bray (talk) 20:03, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Updated WRT to Atompub WG; did not include RFC links, they are available from the Atom page; replaced some of the links with a link to the summary page; left in Lark because it doesn't appear there. Reschke (talk) 16:37, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Cow-college?
I'm going to remove the silly cow-college remark unless someone has a good reason to retain it. I have said a lot of things on the record over the years, many of them more memorable than this.

(attribution to that text missing but edited by Tim Bray according to history; Tim, use the four ~ to sign off)

I agree so I've removed the remark for you. You've said a great many things considered by many to be a lot more important than this. Martijn Faassen 14:43, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Time to remove the "stub" signifier, there's more than enough here. I'll do it next time I drop by. Tim Bray 09:09, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I disagree. This is still a stub. It doesn't even have a date of birth yet, and I'm fairly sure there's more than 107 words that could be said about you. :) Angela. 01:07, Feb 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * OK. I'll go copy style from a more fleshed-out entry for some other old computer fogey. Tim Bray 02:38, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * done. Looking forward to the eventual de-stubbing. Tim Bray 02:49, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

apple.com article
I think the apple.com article is quite interesting and deserves to be linked from the article, but it *is* your article so if you don't want it here i'll defer to you AdamJacobMuller 05:51, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Major Reorg
I just did a major reorganization of the article while not logged in (wikipedia has been strange today because of some server problems.) While some of the new sections I created are sparse, it is more of an indication that more material is needed -- i.e. wikipedia is a work in progress. --Ben Houston 22:18, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Reverted
I reverted this page today because the (auto)biography of XML's Daddy had been replaced by a stub about some English schoolkid with the same name who likes hockey and hanging out with his mates. Not worth a disambiguation page, at least not until Tim Bray The Younger gets out a bit more.

–Brian Samosa 20:07, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Update?
Could someone tidy up? I worked for Sun from 2004-2010, since March 2010 I work for Google, title "Developer Advocate", focusing on Android_(operating_system).

Update the intro a bit?
These days, I'm at least as well-known as a blogger/tweeter as anything else, so the first sentence might usefully include "writer". Also, now that it's July, perhaps the career coverage could be simplified, something like this:

Bray was Director of Web Technologies at Sun Microsystems from early 2004 to early 2010. Since then he has served as a Developer Advocate at Google, focusing on Android.

February 3 Changes
On February 3, a number of revisions and objections were raised to this page in a series of rather confusing individual edits. Some of the changes appear on the surface to be POV, such as calling the subject's weblog a link farm. Some of the changes were reverted, and the history is already convoluted. Before things get worse, I reverted to the baseline configuration; let's discuss the issues here and reach consensus. MarkBernstein (talk) 22:58, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
 * This is a WP:BLP. Sorry - we will comply with our standard for BLPs.
 * Regarding the linkfarm: I can't fathom why you believe removing additional links to Bray's website is a POV. One link to the site should be plenty - we don't link to each page within the site.  Toddst1 (talk) 23:10, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
 * WP:BLP calls for citations for material which is "contentious" or "challenged or likely to be challenged". It's hard for me to believe that many of the items you flagged as needing citation or as unsubstantiated (for example, years during which technical groups met or Bray's work history) fall under these areas. KevinScaldeferri (talk) 23:45, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

The software link is a natural reference for the passage discussing Bray's software -- which you flagged, as I recall, as needing a citation.

In the broader view, can we at least agree that notability is not an issue? MarkBernstein (talk) 23:40, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Hey, if you guys are going to argue about this page, could someone update the intro, maybe as suggested one section up in this Talk page? A citation demonstrating that I actually work at Google now: http://code.google.com/team/ Tim Bray (talk) 00:13, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

 * 'Done.'MarkBernstein (talk) 00:24, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

Standardization += JSON
Put a lot of time in 2013 into helping revise the JSON spec, culminating in publication of RFC7159 (nice HTML format at http://rfc7159.net/rfc7159) in March 2014. Tim Bray (talk) 09:46, 7 March 2014 (UTC)

Unix person (sic)
The topic gives presents no facts which would associate this person to the development or promotion of the Unix operating system (aside from mentioning one of thousands of non-notable programs which happen to run on it). Why is that category tacked on? TEDickey (talk) 22:26, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 08:47, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Notability?
Is this a vanity page ? This feels a bit like any corporate programmers' resume, as it stands. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:CB04:A93:C000:9DE7:5E2D:5FAE:61AE (talk) 17:39, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

Amazon resignation
The intro material isn't accurate. As I made very clear, I quit specifically over the whistleblower firings. Controversy over Amazon's treatment of warehouse workers was pretty well continuous during the 5 years I worked for Amazon, and didn't drive me to resigning. Tim Bray (talk) 22:55, 9 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Note that the Career section is correct on this issue, and inconsistent with the intro. Tim Bray (talk) 22:56, 9 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Wrong. By a generous reading, your blog could easilly be read as implying you left partly due to concern over the despicable treatment of Amazon warehouse wokers. That said, thank you for clarifying your intent. FeydHuxtable (talk) 12:11, 10 May 2020 (UTC)

Place of Birth
I was born in Edmonton - my parents were living in Ft Vermilion but there was some worry about my Mom's pregnancy so she came down to the Big City and gave birth in University Hospital. I can't think of a way to get a citation for this though, sorry. Tim Bray (talk) 17:50, 11 July 2020 (UTC)

Archived citation
The citation entitled "Now a No-evil Zone" is from the Internet Archive but the original source is still there.

title: Talk:Tim Bray


text:
John Derbyshire

John Derbyshire (born 3 June 1945) is a British-born American computer programmer, journalist, and political commentator. He was noted for being one of the last paleoconservatives at the National Review, until he was fired in 2012 for writing an article for Taki's Magazine that was widely viewed as racist. Since 2012 he has written for white nationalist website VDARE.

In the article that caused his firing, Derbyshire suggested that white and East Asian parents should talk to their children about the threats posed to their safety by black people. He also recommended that parents tell their children not to live in predominantly black communities. He included the line "If planning a trip to a beach or amusement park at some date, find out whether it is likely to be swamped with blacks on that date."

He has also written for the New English Review. His columns cover political-cultural topics, including immigration, China, history, mathematics, and race. Derbyshire's 1996 novel about Chinese American immigrants, Seeing Calvin Coolidge in a Dream, was a New York Times "Notable Book of the Year". His 2004 non-fiction book Prime Obsession won the Mathematical Association of America's inaugural Euler Book Prize. A political book, We Are Doomed: Reclaiming Conservative Pessimism, was released in September 2009.

Early life
Derbyshire attended the Northampton School for Boys and graduated from University College London, of the University of London, where he studied mathematics. Before turning to writing full-time, he worked on Wall Street as a computer programmer.

National Review
Derbyshire worked as a writer at National Review until he was terminated in 2012 because of an article published in Taki's Magazine that was widely perceived as racist.

Derbyshire began writing for the far-right website VDARE in May 2012. In his first column for the website, Derbyshire wrote "White supremacy, in the sense of a society in which key decisions are made by white Europeans, is one of the better arrangements History has come up with."

Mathematics
Derbyshire's book Prime Obsession: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics was first published in hardcover in 2003 and then paperback in 2004. It focuses on the Riemann hypothesis, one of the Millennium Problems. The book is aimed, as Derbyshire puts it in his prologue, "at the intelligent and curious but nonmathematical reader ..."

Prime Obsession explores such topics as complex numbers, field theory, the prime number theorem, the zeta function, the harmonic series, and others. The biographical sections give relevant information about the lives of mathematicians who worked in these areas, including Euler, Gauss, Lejeune Dirichlet, Lobachevsky, Chebyshev, Vallée-Poussin, Hadamard, as well as Riemann himself.

In 2006, Joseph Henry Press published another Derbyshire book of popular mathematics: Unknown Quantity: A Real And Imaginary History of Algebra.

Role in Way of the Dragon
Derbyshire had an uncredited role in Way of the Dragon (released in the United States as Return of the Dragon), a 1972 martial arts film directed by and starring, actor and martial artist Bruce Lee. Of landing the part, Derbyshire said: "The casting director had obviously just trawled around the low-class guesthouses for unemployed foreigners of a sufficiently thuggish appearance."

Views
Derbyshire writes in general from a small government conservative perspective. He notably ridiculed George W. Bush's "itty-bitty tax cut, paid for by dumping a slew of federal debt on your children and grandchildren," derided Bush as too sure of his religious convictions and for his "rich-kid-ness". He has noted that small-government conservatism is unlikely to ever take hold in the United States (although he is personally sympathetic to it), called for immediate U.S. withdrawal from Iraq (but favoured the invasion), opposed market reforms or any other changes in Social Security, supported legal access to abortion, supported euthanasia in a fairly wide range of circumstances, and suggested that he might (in a time of international crisis) vote for Hillary Clinton as president. Derbyshire wrote about American schooling in his book We Are Doomed, "Education is a vast sea of lies, waste, corruption, crackpot theorizing, and careerist log-rolling." He further argued that people "had better brace ourselves for the catastrophe" coming as a result.

Derbyshire once argued that America would be better off if women did not have the right to vote. In 2005, in a monthly column containing a series of miscellaneous musings, he controversially stated that women's physical attractiveness peaks between the ages of 15 to 20.

Derbyshire was one of the inaugural speakers at the H.L. Mencken Club, a far-right club formed by Paul Gottfried and Richard B. Spencer, and has spoken at the group several additional times. The H.L. Mencken Club has been described by the Southern Poverty Law Center as a white nationalist organization.

Conflicts with National Review
Derbyshire differed from other writers at National Review magazine on many subjects. For example, Derbyshire supported Michael Schiavo's position in the Terri Schiavo case. Derbyshire's views on the Schiavo case attracted criticism from colleagues such as Ramesh Ponnuru. The Derbyshire–Ponnuru dispute arose again over Ponnuru's 2006 book The Party of Death. Derbyshire reviewed the book harshly in the New English Review, and Ponnuru replied on National Review Online.

Though Derbyshire broadly agreed with other writers at National Review Online on immigration, he encountered strong opposition from former NRO blogger John Podhoretz, who described Derbyshire's comments on restricting immigration to maintain "ethnic balance" in severe terms: "But maintaining 'ethnic balance' is not fine. It is chillingly, horrifyingly not fine."

Personal life
Derbyshire's has been married to Lynette Rose Derbyshire, a Chinese immigrant, since 1986. The couple were married in the city of Jilin, in Jilin Province, northeast China, and have a daughter and a son. He has lived in Long Island, New York since 1992. In early 2012, he underwent treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Published works

 * Seeing Calvin Coolidge in a Dream (St. Martin's Griffin, 1997) ISBN 0-312-15649-9
 * Prime Obsession: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics (Plume Books, 2003) ISBN 0-452-28525-9
 * Unknown Quantity: A Real And Imaginary History of Algebra (Joseph Henry Press, 2006) ISBN 0-309-09657-X
 * We Are Doomed: Reclaiming Conservative Pessimism (Crown Forum, 2009) ISBN 0-307-40958-9, ISBN 978-0-307-40958-4
 * From the Dissident Right (Vdare Books, 2013) ISBN 978-1304001542

He has also written numerous articles for various publications, including National Review, The New Criterion, The American Conservative and The Washington Times.

Derbyshire records a weekly podcast called "Radio Derb," in which he comments on current events. The podcast was hosted on the National Review website before being moved to Taki's Magazine. It is now hosted on VDARE.

Interviews

 * Radio Free Indiana: Interview with John Derbyshire on The Voice of Reason Broadcast Network

title: John Derbyshire


text:
Academic dishonesty

Academic dishonesty, academic misconduct, academic fraud and academic integrity are related concepts that refer to various actions on the part of students that go against the expected norms of a school, university or other learning institution. Definitions of academic misconduct are usually outlined in institutional policies. Therefore, academic dishonesty consists of many different categories of behaviour, as opposed to being a singular concept.

History
Academic dishonesty dates back to the first tests. Scholars note that cheating was prevalent on the Chinese civil service exams thousands of years ago, even when cheating carried the penalty of death for both examinee and examiner. Bribery of examiners was also common, as represented in works such as the Ming-dynasty story collection The Book of Swindles.

Standards for citation and referencing began at the end of the 19th century with the emergence of guidance provided by scholarly societies that developed discipline-specific expectations for referencing such as the MLA and the APA. About the same time, scholars began researching issues related to cheating, with some early research dating back to the late 19th century and early 20th centuries, when cheating was identified as a widespread problem at college campuses in the United States. It has been estimated that as many as two-thirds of students cheated at some point of their college careers at the turn of the 20th century. Fraternities often operated so-called essay banks, where term papers were kept on file and could be resubmitted over and over again by different students, often with the only change being the name on the paper. The issue of academic dishonesty became more prominent in the latter half of the twentieth century, as universities shifted towards more democratic approaches to admission.

Today
Academic dishonesty does not have a universal definition. Educational institutions in different regions understand and act on academic dishonesty in different ways. Much like many other areas of student affairs, academic integrity also boasts organizations that help students, faculty and staff of postsecondary institutions discuss and understand the values of academic integrity such as the International Centre for Academic Integrity (ICAI). Multiple institutions, such as the University of Waterloo, Queen's University, University of Colorado and York University base their culture of academic integrity on ICAI's 6 fundamental values (honesty, trust, respect, fairness, responsibility and courage).

United States
In the United States, one study has shown that 20 percent of students started cheating in the first grade. Similarly, other studies reveal that currently in the U.S., 56 percent of middle school students and 70 percent of high school students have cheated. Students are not the only ones to cheat in an academic setting. A study among North Carolina school teachers found that 35 percent of respondents said they had witnessed their colleagues cheating in one form or another. The rise of high-stakes testing and the consequences of the results on the teacher is cited as a reason why a teacher might want to inflate the results of their students.

The first scholarly studies in the 1960s of academic dishonesty in higher education found that nationally in the U.S., somewhere between 50 and 70 percent of college students had cheated at least once. While nationally, these rates of cheating in the U.S. remain stable today, there are large disparities between different schools, depending on the size, selectivity, and anti-cheating policies of the school. Generally, the smaller and more selective the college, the less cheating occurs there. For instance, the number of students who have engaged in academic dishonesty at small elite liberal arts colleges can be as low as 15–20 percent, while cheating at large public universities can be as high as 75 percent. Moreover, researchers have found that students who attend a school with an honor code are less likely to cheat than students at schools with other ways of enforcing academic integrity. As for graduate education, a recent study found that 56 percent of MBA students admitted cheating, along with 54 percent of graduate students in engineering, 48 percent in education, and 45 percent in law.

There is also a great difference in students' perceptions and the reality of their own ethical behavior. In a 2008 survey of 30,000 students in high school carried out by the Josephson Institute for Youth Ethics, 62 percent of students polled said they "copied another's homework two or more times in the past year." Yet, on the same survey, 92 percent said they were "satisfied with their personal ethics and character."

As more students take courses and assessments online, there is a persistent perception that it is easier to cheat in an online class than a face-to-face course. Moreover, there are online services that offer to prepare any kind of homework of high school and college level and take online tests for students. While administrators are often aware of such websites, they have been unsuccessful in curbing cheating in homework and non-proctored online tests, resorting to a recommendation by the Ohio Mathematics Association to derive at least 80 percent of the grade of online classes from proctored tests. In addition, colleges and universities are increasingly turning to online proctoring services to oversee tens of thousands of exams per year.

While research on academic dishonesty in other countries is less extensive, anecdotal evidence suggests cheating could be even more common in countries like Japan.

Australia
In Australia, the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency addresses academic dishonesty.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the Quality Assurance Agency is responsible for quality assurance in higher education. It has produced several policy and guidance documents for policy makers, educators and the general public.

Canada
In Canada, individual post-secondary institutions discourage academic misconduct with the help of policies and guidelines published by the university itself, though research into the topic has lagged behind that of other countries. Research has shown that the incidence of academic dishonesty in Canada is similar to that of the United States. While many institutions are guided by ICAI, there also exists provincial organizations, such as the Academic Integrity Council of Ontario (AICO). Handling cases of academic dishonesty was mainly done using the rule compliance approach, which was more punitive in nature. However, more and more institutions are now adopting the integrity approach, which is based on a more educational and restorative model.

Germany
A large-scale study in Germany found that 75 percent of the university students admitted that they conducted at least one of seven types of academic misconduct (such as plagiarism or falsifying data) within the previous six months.

Cheating
Cheating can take the form of cheat sheets, looking over someone's shoulder during an exam, or any forbidden sharing of information between students regarding an exam or exercise. Many elaborate methods of cheating have been developed over the years. For instance, students have been documented hiding cheat sheets or notes in the bathroom toilet tank, in the brims of their baseball caps, up their sleeves, along their thighs or in their cleavage. Also, the storing of information in graphing calculators, pagers, cell phones, and other electronic devices has cropped up since the information revolution began. While students have long surreptitiously scanned the tests of those seated near them, some students actively try to aid those who are trying to cheat. Methods of secretly signalling the right answer to friends are quite varied, ranging from coded sneezes or pencil tapping to high-pitched noises beyond the hearing range of most teachers. Some students have been known to use more elaborate means, such as using a system of repetitive body signals like hand movements or foot jerking to distribute answers (i.e. where a tap of the foot could correspond to answer "A", two taps for answer "B", and so on).

One other method is taking advantage of time zones, particularly in exams administered worldwide. Those who take the exam first (likely in Oceania) can then post answers for those about to take the exam (in a time zone behind like Europe).

Impersonation
Impersonation is a form of cheating whereby a different person than the student assigned an assignment or exam completes it. Attending a class or completing an interview on another student's behalf is also considered impersonation. The academic work is totally 'outsourced' to another person or organization, usually for pay.

Contract cheating
Contract cheating, also known as ghostwriting is similar to impersonation in that a student hires a third party to complete work on their behalf. Essay mills fall under this category. While it is believed that contract cheating has significantly increased since 2014, there are currently no figures to demonstrate this surge. This is a relatively new form of cheating, seemingly gaining traction in the 1940s when an increasing amount of advertisements for ghostwriters could be seen on university campuses and in newspapers. This trend continued to grow into the 1960s and 1970s. According to a study conducted in 2019, it is estimated that the ghostwriting industry produces a revenue of approximately $100 million.

Plagiarism
Plagiarism, as defined in the 1995 Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary, is the "use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work". In academia, this can range from borrowing without attribution a particularly apt phrase, to paraphrasing someone else's original idea without citation, to wholesale contract cheating.

Europe developed the modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal in the 18th century, while in the previous centuries authors and artists were encouraged to "copy the masters as closely as possible" and avoid "unnecessary invention". The 18th century new morals were institutionalized and enforced prominently in the sectors of academia (including academic science, education, engineering etc.) and journalism, where plagiarism is now considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics, subject to sanctions like expulsion and other severe career damages. Not so in the arts, which have resisted in their long-established tradition of copying as a fundamental practice of the creative process. As of the 21st century, artists continue to tolerate plagiarism.

Plagiarism is not a crime but is disapproved more on the grounds of moral offence.

Since 2000, discussions on the subjects of student plagiarism have increased with a major strand of this discussion centering on the issue of how best students can be helped to understand and avoid plagiarism. Given the serious consequences that plagiarism has for students, there has been a call for a greater emphasis on learning in order to help students avoid committing plagiarism.

Also under the scope of plagiarism is self-plagiarism. Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits an assignment, essay, or piece of work that was originally submitted for another course without the instructor's permission to do so.

Tomar and Chan concluded that students with access to AI-generated websites such as ChatGPT are more likely to plagiarize their assignments and claim the work from the websites as their own. Because ChatGPT generates human-like text, it can increase actions of ghostwriting, such as students using direct information from their sources without giving proper citations. In an article published by Intelligent.com, Dr. Ronnie Gladden argued that "In essence, originality and rigor absolutely matter. And critical consciousness and independent thought must be fostered, and I will fiercely defend those elements."

Cebrián-Robles discussed the risks of using AI tools in academia, such as the need to monitor online activity, as well as the struggle between academic honesty and AI. According to a survey done by the Chalmers University of Technology, "62 percent [of students] believe that using chatbots during examinations is cheating."

Sabotage
In the academic context, sabotage occurs when one commits acts to disrupt another person's work with the intention of preventing them from completing it successfully. Examples include disrupting another person's research, destroying important documents and also hacking computers used for research.

Abuse of confidentiality
This takes place when data or results from research or a piece of academic work is disseminated or shared while the author(s) expectation was for them to remain confidential.

Aiding and abetting
Aiding and abetting is the act of helping, enabling or encouraging someone to engage or attempt to engage in any act of academic dishonesty.

Improper research practices
Improper research practices involve fabricating, misrepresenting or selectively reporting research data as well as not giving proper credit to authors or researchers when reporting results of their work.

Causes
There are a variety of causes of academic misconduct. Researchers have studied the correlation of cheating to personal characteristics, demographics, contextual factors, methods of deterring misconduct, even stages of moral development. There is some evidence in research to suggest that individuals with "type A" personalities who often attempt to obtain high degrees of success, are most likely to be reported on for academic misconduct (cheating).

Incentives to cheat
Some scholars contend that there are students who have a pathological urge to cheat. The writer Thomas Mallon noted that many scholars had found plagiarism in literature (Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Charles Reade being two notable examples) to often be perpetrated in a way similar to kleptomania (a psychological disease associated with uncontrollable stealing, even when it is against the interests of the thief). On the other hand, Mallon concludes it is probable that most "cheaters" make a rational choice to commit academic misconduct. A common reason for unethical behavior is the desire to "gain a competitive advantage in the race for position or power".

Richard Fass puts forward the possibility that business scandals in the real world make students believe dishonesty is an acceptable method for achieving success in contemporary society. Academic dishonesty, in this case, would be practice for the real world. For some students, there would be a dichotomy between success and honesty, and their decision is that: "It is not that we love honesty less, but that we love success more." Conversely, other scholars consider that with the recent rise in corporate ethics related dismissals in the business world, this approach to cheating may be losing its appeal, if it ever really had any. However, it has been shown that the expected benefits of cheating as well as student's morality plays an important role for the engagement in dishonest behavior.

There have been studies that have looked into success and academic dishonesty; one study showed that students given an unexpected opportunity to cheat did not improve their grades significantly from the control group. Another study showed that students who were allowed to bring cheat sheets to a test did not improve their grades. While this may conflict with the common perception of cheating (one survey found that only 13% of males and 46% of females think cheating does not help grades).

In the US, William Bowers reported that, on average, one third of grade A students cheated in 1964. And asserts that academic dishonesty acts as a shortcut, so even grade A students might be tempted to cheat. He contends that even if a plagiarized paper receives a relatively low grade, that grade is actually high, given how much time and effort went into the paper. In the study mentioned above (in which students were allowed to bring crib sheets to a test but did not improve their scores), the researcher concluded that the students used the crib notes as alternatives to studying, rather than as complements to studying, and thus spent less time preparing for the exam.

Teachers
The federal government of the United States has mandated high-stakes testing as part of the No Child Left Behind Act, signed into law in 2002. Schools and teachers are held accountable for the results. According to Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner, co-authors of Freakonomics, teachers are known to "teach to the test": while not teaching the actual answers, they teach the questions and similar ones, and they neglect any topic that will not be tested on. Levitt also states that teachers may inflate the results of tests given in their classroom. Teachers and librarians can have a significant proactive impact on doing honest work.

Demographic and personal causes
Research has identified a number of demographic characteristics that appear to be important influences on cheating, including age, gender and grade point average. Older students, females, and students with higher academic achievement are less likely to cheat, whereas students involved with many extra-curricular activities are more likely to do so. Students involved in extra-curricular activities may be less committed to their studies, or may have more demands on their time, which interfere with their studies, creating a greater incentive to cheat. It has been found that younger students are somewhat more likely to cheat: one study finding the highest incidence of cheating occurs during sophomore year at college. Although cheating might be expected to decline with greater moral development, one experiment found that there was no relationship between how a student performed on a morality test and their likelihood of cheating (that is, students at a pre-conventional stage of morality are as likely to cheat as those at a post-conventional stage). Higher academic procrastination was also found to increase the frequency of seven different forms of academic misconduct (using fraudulent excuses, plagiarism, copying from someone else in exams, using forbidden means in exams, carrying forbidden means into exams, copying parts of homework from others, and fabrication or falsification of data) as well as the variety of academic misconduct.

Race, nationality, and class all show little correlation with academic misconduct. There is also no correlation between how religious someone is and the likelihood that the person will cheat. A comparison between students of different religions yielded similar results, although the study did show that Jews tend to cheat less than members of other religions. One of the strongest demographic correlations with academic misconduct in the United States is with language. Students who speak English as a second language have been shown to commit academic dishonesty more and are more likely to be caught than native speakers, since they will often not want to rewrite sources in their own words, fearing that the meaning of the sentence will be lost through poor paraphrasing skills. In the University of California system, international students make up 10% of the student body but comprise 47% of academic dishonesty cases. In British universities, students from outside of the European Union make up 12% of the student body but comprise 35% of academic dishonesty cases.

Impostor syndrome and academically dishonest behaviours have been found to be correlated. Students who do not believe they deserve to be where they are in terms of academics actively engage in self-sabotaging behaviour (plagiarism and cheating) in order to prove that they do not belong where they are while students who do not suffer from impostor syndrome are less likely to engage in academic dishonesty.

Contextual causes
Contextual factors that individual teachers can affect often make the least difference on cheating behavior. A study found that increasing the distance between students taking an exam has little effect on academic misconduct, and that threatening students before an exam with expulsion if they cheat actually promotes cheating behavior. Indeed, increased exam proctoring and other methods of detecting cheating in the classroom are largely ineffective. According to one survey of American college students, while 50% had cheated at least once in the previous six months, and 7% had cheated more than five times in that period, only 2.5% of the cheaters had been caught. As teachers invent more elaborate methods of deterring cheating, students invent even more elaborate methods of cheating (sometimes even treating it as a game), leading to what some teachers call a costly and unwinnable arms race. Increased punishment for academic misconduct also has little correlation with cheating behavior. It has been found that students with markedly different perceptions of what the severity of the punishment for cheating were all equally likely to cheat, probably indicating that they thought that increased penalties were immaterial since their cheating would never be discovered. However, if a professor makes clear that they disapprove of cheating, either in the syllabus, in the first class, or at the beginning of a test, academic dishonesty can drop by 12%. Some professors may have little incentive to reduce cheating in their classes below a point that would otherwise be obvious to outside observers, as they are rated by how many research papers they publish and research grants they win for the college, and not by how well they teach.

Teachers can, however, accidentally promote cheating behavior. A study found a correlation between how harsh or unfair a professor is perceived as and academic misconduct, since students see cheating as a way of getting back at the teacher. Also, students who see themselves in a competition, such as when the teacher is using a grade curve, are more likely to cheat. Research has also shown a correlation between goal orientation and the occurrence of academic cheating. Students who perceive their classroom to have high mastery goals are less likely to engage in cheating than those who perceive their classroom to emphasize performance goals.

The most important contextual causes of academic misconduct are often out of individual teachers' hands. One very important factor is time management. One survey reported two-thirds of teachers believed that poor time management was the principal cause of cheating. Often social engagements are to blame. It has been found that there is a strong correlation between extracurricular activities and cheating, especially among athletes, even those on intramural teams. It has also been found that student cheating rates rise significantly the more time students spend playing cards, watching television, or having a few drinks with friends. Relatedly, fraternity or sorority membership is also strongly correlated with academic misconduct.

One of the most important causes of academic misconduct is the contextual factor of an environment of peer disapproval of cheating, that is, peer pressure. Psychologists note that all people tend to follow the norms of their peer group, which would include norms about academic dishonesty. Thus, students who believe that their peers disapprove of cheating are less likely to cheat. Indeed, multiple studies show that the most decisive factor in a student's decision to cheat is his perception of his peers' relationship with academic dishonesty. For instance, on average 69% of students cheat at colleges with low community disapproval of academic misconduct, whereas only about 23% of students cheat at colleges with strong community disapproval of academic misconduct. Peer pressure works both ways, as a study found that there is a 41% increase in the probability of a student cheating if they have seen someone else cheat. However, even if most students strongly disapprove of cheating, there has to be a community in order for those norms to be enforced via peer pressure. For instance, larger schools, which usually have much higher cheating rates than small schools, tend to have a weaker community, being more split up into different peer groups that exert little social pressure on each other. Another measure of a college community, how many students live on campus, further shows a significant relation with a school's cheating rate. Relatedly, many professors argue that smaller classes reduce cheating behavior.

Ethical causes
No matter what the demographic or contextual influences are on a student who decides to engage in cheating behavior, before they can cheat they must overcome their own conscience. This depends both on how strongly someone disapproves of academic dishonesty and what types of justifications the student uses to escape a sense of guilt. For instance, students who personally do not have a moral problem with academic misconduct can cheat guilt-free. However, while many students have been taught and have internalized that academic dishonesty is wrong, it has been shown that on average a third of students who strongly disapprove of cheating have in fact cheated. People who cheat despite personal disapproval of cheating engage in something called "neutralization", in which a student rationalizes the cheating as being acceptable due to certain mitigating circumstances. According to psychologists of deviant behavior, people who engage in neutralization support the societal norm in question, but "conjure up" reasons why they are allowed to violate that norm in a particular case. Neutralization is not a simple case of ex post facto rationalization, but is rather a more comprehensive affair, occurring before, during, and after the act of cheating. Researchers have found four major types of neutralization of academic dishonesty, which they categorize by type of justification. Denial of responsibility – that is, the accusation that others are to blame or that something forced the student to cheat – is the most common form of neutralization among college students who cheated, with 61% of cheaters using this form of justification. Condemnation of condemner – that is, that the professors are hypocrites or brought it on themselves – is the second most common form of college student neutralization at 28%. The third most popular form of neutralization among college students is the appeal to higher loyalties, where the student thinks their responsibility to some other entity, usually their peers, is more important than doing what they know to be morally right. About 6.8% of cheaters in higher education use this form of neutralization. Denial of injury – thinking that nobody is worse off for the cheating – is the fourth most popular kind of neutralization at 4.2% of cheaters.

Cultural considerations
Many studies have revealed that academic honesty is not a universal concept. Some cultures accept the memorization and regurgitation of information, without citing sources, while others would consider this plagiarism. Additionally, some cultures believe that knowledge belongs to everyone and that this knowledge needs to be shared. Studies have shown that in certain Asian cultures, it is more important to share information widely than to properly cite the owner of this knowledge.

COVID-19 and academic dishonesty
Cases of academic dishonesty have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the sudden transition from in-person to online course delivery, instructors (who may have been engaging in the same evaluation practices for years) did not have the opportunity to consider how to deliver online evaluations, how they differ from in-person evaluations and what the online process entails. The sharing of academic files, contract cheating and the unauthorized receipt of assistance from classmates and other sources have increased due to the transition to online course delivery.

Effects
Students who engage in neutralization to justify cheating, even once, are more likely to engage in it in the future, potentially putting them on a road to a life of dishonesty. One study found that students who are dishonest in class are more likely to engage in fraud and theft on the job when they enter the workplace.

Academic dishonesty also creates problems for teachers. In economic terms, cheating causes an underproduction of knowledge, where the professor's job is to produce knowledge. Moreover, a case of cheating often will cause emotional distress to faculty members, many considering it to be a personal slight against them or a violation of their trust. Dealing with academic misconduct is often one of the worst parts of a career in education, one survey claiming that 77% of academics agreed with the statement "dealing with a cheating student is one of the most onerous aspects of the job". Ultimately, academic dishonesty undermines the academic world. It interferes with the basic mission of education, the transfer of knowledge, by allowing students to get by without having to master the knowledge. Furthermore, academic dishonesty creates an atmosphere that is not conducive to the learning process, which affects honest students as well. When honest students see cheaters escape detection, it can discourage student morale, as they see the rewards for their work cheapened. Cheating also undermines academia when students steal ideas. Ideas are a professional author's "capital and identity", and if a person's ideas are stolen it retards the pursuit of knowledge.

If never formally retracted, fraudulent publications can remain an issue for many years as articles and books remain on shelves and continue to be cited. The case of S. Walter Poulshock, a 1960s early-career historian whose work was found to contain wholly fabricated material, was exposed in 1966 with the American Historical Review providing a warning on the topic. Nonetheless, his book was never removed from the shelves of many university libraries and (together with his related thesis) was still being cited in 2013, 47 years after it was intended to have been withdrawn by its publisher.

Deterrence
Historically, the college professor was considered to act in loco parentis, and was therefore permitted to regulate student behavior as a parent.

Honor codes
First at the College of William and Mary in 1779, and then followed by schools like the University of Virginia in the 1850s and Wesleyan University in 1893, the students, with the agreement of faculty who declared themselves dedicated to ideals of democracy and human character, created honor codes. B. Melendez of Harvard University defined an honor code as a code of academic conduct that includes a written pledge of honesty that students sign, a student controlled judiciary that hears alleged violations, unproctored examinations, and an obligation for all students help enforce the code.

Mixed judicial boards
However, many people doubted the advisability of relying on an abstract notion of honor to prevent academic dishonesty. This doubt has perhaps led to the reality that no more than a quarter of American universities have adopted honor codes. Moreover, many professors could not envisage a student run trial process that treated faculty accusers fairly. In response to these concerns, in the middle of the twentieth century, many schools devised mixed judicial panels composed of both students and faculty. This type of academic integrity system was similar to the traditional faculty control system in that it relied on professors to detect cheating, except in this system cheaters were brought before centralized boards of students and faculty for punishment. By the 1960s over a quarter of American universities had adopted this system of mixed judicial boards.

Student due-process rights
Starting in the 1960s, the U.S. Supreme Court began chipping away at the in loco parentis doctrine, giving college students more civil liberties such as the right of due process in disciplinary proceedings (Dixon v. Alabama Board of Education, 1961).

Modified honor codes
Recently, Donald L. McCabe and Linda Klebe Trevino, two experts in the field of academic dishonesty, have proposed a new way of deterring cheating that has been implemented in schools such as the University of Maryland. Modified honor codes put students in charge of the judicial hearing process, making it clear that it is the students' responsibility to stop cheating amongst themselves, but at the same time students still have proctored exams and are not allowed to take pledges of good conduct in place of professor oversight. The researchers who advocate this type of code seem to think that the normal honor code is something of a special case that is not applicable to many schools. According to supporters of this system, schools with a large student body, a weak college community, or no history of student self-governance will not be able to support a full honor code. However, while modified honor codes seem to be more effective than faculty or administration run integrity codes of conduct, research shows that schools with modified codes still have higher rates of cheating than schools with full honor codes.

Comparison of different systems of enforcement
Research has shown that there is a strong correlation between forms of academic integrity system and levels of cheating at a school. Several studies have found students who attend schools with honor codes are less likely to cheat than students at schools with traditional integrity codes. Another study found that only 28% of schools with honor codes have high levels of cheating, whereas 81% of schools with mixed judicial boards have high rates of cheating. Whereas faculty or administration run codes of conduct tend to rely on policing and punishment to deter students from cheating, honor codes tend to rely on and cultivate student senses of honor and group peer pressure to deter academic misconduct.

Faculty issues in deterring academic dishonesty
There are limitations to relying on the faculty to police academic dishonesty. One study found that up to 21% of professors have ignored at least one clear cut case of cheating. Another study revealed that 40% of professors "never" report cheating, 54% "seldom" report cheating, and that a mere 6% act on all cases of academic misconduct that confront them. A third survey of professors found that while 79% had observed cheating, only 9% had penalized the student. According to a manual for professors on cheating,

the reasons for this lack of action include unwillingness to devote time and energy to the issue, reluctance to undergo an emotional confrontation, and fear of retaliation by the student, of losing students, of being accused of harassment or discrimination, and even of being sued for these offenses and/or defamation of character.

There are other reasons as well. Some professors are reluctant to report violations to the appropriate authorities because they believe the punishment to be too harsh. Some professors may have little incentive to reduce cheating in their classes below a point that would otherwise be obvious to outside observers, as they are rated by how many research papers they publish and research grants they win for the college, and not by how well they teach.

Under the ironic gaze of postmodernism, the distinctions between guilt and innocence, integrity and deceit permeating the scandal debates appear irrelevant." However, there is an argument that postmodernism is just moral relativism, therefore cheating is condoned as a valid academic method, even if it is morally and legally wrong. One professor wrote in an article in The English Journal that when he peeked in on an unproctored class taking a test and saw several students up and consulting with one another, he decided that they were not cheating, but were using non-traditional techniques and collaborative learning to surmount the obstacles teachers had put in their way. Issues of cultural relativism also affect professors' views on cheating; the standard objection being that "students from certain Middle Eastern, Asian, and African cultures are baffled by the notion that one can 'own' ideas, since their cultures regard words and ideas as the property of all rather than as individual property". Another issue teachers may have with deterring cheating is that they may decide that it is not their job. The argument that "they're professors, not policemen" is often heard in academia. In economic terms, some professors believe they are being paid to provide learning, and if the student loses that learning through cheating, they are only cheating themselves out of the money they have paid for their education.

title: Academic dishonesty


text:
User:Tonei/Welcomeip

Welcome!
Hi, user at, Welcome to Wikipedia! If you are interested in Wikipedia, I encourage you to create an account, so that everyone knows which changes you are making! I hope you like this place--I sure do--and want to stay. If you need help on how to title new articles check out Naming conventions, and for help on formatting the pages visit the manual of style. If you need help look at Help and The FAQ, plus if you can't find your answer there, check The Village pump (for Wikipedia related questions) or The Reference Desk (for general questions)! There's still more help at the Tutorial and Policy Library. Plus, don't forget to visit the Community Portal. And if you have any more questions after that, feel free to post them on My User talk Page. Additional Tips: Here's some extra tips to help you get around in the 'pedia!
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Happy Wiki-ing! Stellertony the Bookcrosser 07:19, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Tonei/Welcomeip


text:
Church of World Messianity

The Church of World Messianity, abbreviated COWM, is a Japanese new religion founded in 1935 by Mokichi Okada. There are three pillars of the religion, of which the key concept is Johrei, claimed to be a method of channeling divine light into the body of another for the purposes of healing. Other formal practices include The Art of Nature which includes nature farming, and the Art of Beauty which includes practices such as Ikebana, a form of Japanese flower arranging. In 1926, Okada claimed to have received a divine revelation that empowered him to be a channel of God's Healing Light (johrei) to purify the spiritual realm to remove the spiritual causes of illness, poverty, and strife from the world and inaugurate a new Messianic Age. He went on to teach Johrei to his followers to allow them to achieve Messianity and spread the teachings across the world. Members are given permission to channel Johrei by wearing an O-Hikari pendant containing a copy of one of Mokichi Okada's calligraphies. He is often referred to as "Meishu-Sama" (Lord of Light) by his followers.

Okada's teaching is represented by a number of his works, such as Foundation of Paradise and Johrei: Divine Light of Salvation, which has been edited and translated by the Society of Johrei, an offshoot of COWM.

The movement currently claims 800,000 followers, including many in Brazil. , also known as Shumei, also follows the teachings of Okada and is considered a descendant of the church by CFAR.

According to anthropologist of religion Winston Davis, Mahikari groups are comparable to The Church of World Messianity and follow basically the same healing ritual.

In Brazil

Japanese Brazilians are the largest concentration of people of Japanese descent outside Japan. According to Hideaki Matsuoka of the University of California, Berkeley, in a presentation at the Summer 2000 Asian Studies Conference Japan entitled "Messianity Makes the Person Useful: Describing Differences in a Japanese Religion in Brazil," Japanese new religions have propagated in Brazil since the 1930s and now have at least a million non-Japanese Brazilian followers. Four major religions ranked by the number of followers are Seicho-no-Ie, Messianity, Mahikari and PL Kyodan.

In Brazil, Guarapiranga is the sacred place of the Church of World Messianity (Igreja Messiânica Mundial).

title: Church of World Messianity


text: User:Michael Ward

title: User:Michael Ward


text:
User:Titanium Dragon

Who Am I?
I graduated from Vanderbilt University in 2008 with a degree in Engineering Science, with my studies focusing on biomedical engineering.

I have worked for Hewlett Packard and Energ2 in quality assurance (QA).

I also write fiction.

Views on Wikipedia
I try to take the long view of things, and generally am opposed to including trivia that junks up articles, though I do understand the want for information. I am generally an opponent of pointless articles.

Articles I've Created

 * Alternity
 * Card advantage
 * Commerson Crater
 * List of wettest tropical cyclones
 * Template:Wettest tropical cyclones on Earth

Science

 * Dinosaur
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Fringe subjects

 * 9/11 Conspiracy Theories
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Philosophy/Religion

 * Atheism
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Events

 * Virginia Tech shooting

Manuals I watch

 * Manual of Style

title: User:Titanium Dragon


text:
Lowville

Lowville can refer to:

Places

 * United States
 * Lowville Township, Minnesota
 * Lowville, Minnesota
 * Lowville (town), New York
 * Lowville (village), New York
 * Lowville, Wisconsin, a town
 * Lowville (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

title: Lowville


text:
User:Anthony Appleyard

Pointers

 * Deletion policy
 * Articles for deletion
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Awards
Award! Award! Enjoy! The BURGER! 0:02, 15 May 2009 User:Lokibolp

nO

I usually only do this randomly but the kitten article was so cute I couldn't help myself. >high pitched female noise< Kitties!!

scr_00

title: User:Anthony Appleyard


text:
Lucasville

Lucasville can refer to:

 * Lucasville, Ohio
 * Lucasville, Ontario
 * Lucasville, Nova Scotia
 * Southern Ohio Correctional Facility (commonly referred to as Lucasville)

title: Lucasville


text:
File:ClintonSign.jpg

carved sign above ferry landing on Whidbey Island, Clinton Washington. Photo by Ron Kerrigan

title: File:ClintonSign.jpg


text:
Lumber City

Lumber City can refer to:
 * Lumber City, Georgia
 * Lumber City, Pennsylvania

title: Lumber City


text:
Category:Electric motors

Electric motors convert electricity into mechanical motion.

title: Category:Electric motors


text:
Lyndonville

Lyndonville can refer to:
 * Lyndonville, New York
 * Lyndonville, Vermont

title: Lyndonville


text:
User talk:Doomraider

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 07:42, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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Regarding Flag of the Republic of China: Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will normally be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 07:42, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

Please do not blank pages like you did here. This is considered vandalism. Thank you. --MarkSweep 07:48, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Doomraider


text:
Nozomi Momoi

Nozomi Momoi (桃井望) was a popular and prolific Japanese AV idol. She appeared in over 100 movies, appearing in up to ten releases per month. She was murdered at the age of 24.

Early life
Nozomi Momoi was born in Tokyo on September 23, 1978. She attended junior high school in Nagano Prefecture, and remained in touch with friends there, visiting them on vacation, for the rest of her life. Before beginning work in the AV field, Nozomi worked in what she called "a very normal job." Describing her daily routine at this time, she said, "I used to wake up at 5:30 in the morning to get ready for work and I didn't have time to put on make-up or do my hair... It was the type of job where I was alone most of the time so I didn't bother with it." She wanted a different lifestyle, and to make more money, but she was unable to decide what sort of work she wanted to do. She was in this frame of mind when she was scouted by a representative of the AV industry in Tokyo's Shinjuku neighborhood.

AV debut
When she made her AV debut in April 2001 with Dogma, AV director Tohjiro's advice to Nozomi was, "You should be a bit more perverted." Nozomi claimed that she took this advice to heart and that it helped her to be less inhibited both on screen and off. In December of her debut year, Nozomi was the star of the fourth entry in VIP studios' documentary-style Monthly series. Her January 2002 video for the Media Station Bazooka label, Virtual Brothel, had Nozomi playing the role of a young prostitute who learns the trade from the more experienced Yukari Sakurada. Viewers were invited to compare Sakurada's veteran technique with Nozomi's fresh innocence.

Nozomi enjoyed her new occupation. About her early videos, Nozomi recalled, "I was having so much fun at first that I didn't feel tired at all." Unlike many AV actresses who are happy to have time off, Nozomi became known for actively seeking out new chances to perform. In May 2002, Nozomi appeared in the third entry of the Forceful Exhibitionistic-Play Maniax video series. In this video, Nozomi and two other AV actresses engage in exhibitionistic acts at a pachinko parlor, a public park, and an office building.

Later career
Towards the end of her life, she had become tired of the rape themes and school-girl roles which were common in her videos, but she enjoyed the fact that she was getting more dominant roles in her later AVs. "Making men play along to me is something new so it's fun to do. I think that's the type of thing I want to do more of." Nozomi's July, 2002 video release, Popular Actresses Fucking Virgin Boys, was in this genre. As the title implied, the video had Nozomi and two other AV actresses have sex with amateur virgin males, including a college student and a middle-aged man. Her video Home Delivery Call Girl, from August 2002, worked with a similar documentary-style concept. In this case, the actress appears at a male amateur's home to perform sex with him. A posthumously-released compilation DVD released by CineMagic from 2006, entitled La Vie En Nose, includes one of Nozomi's videos from 2002. This was the first in a series of DVDs focusing on a nose fetish, indicating that Nozomi had worked in that genre also.

Nozomi continued to enjoy sex both within and outside of the AV setting, and stated that she did not mind having it every day. Nevertheless, the intense pace of her career was beginning to tire her. She had been making up to ten videos a month, and expressed fatigue with the AV work both in interviews and in private conversations. She told an interviewer, "...it was a lot of fun at first, but I'm really tired nowadays. To tell you the truth, I think I'm over-exerting myself right now. So I want to take a decent vacation rather than get paid." She continued, "Like I said before, I enjoy the shoots a lot. There are times when I think it's hard and tiring, but the fun part is a lot greater!" A friend later reported that Nozomi was planning to get married, quit the AV industry and become a stage actress. Nozomi also formed an idol musical group with some other AV idols and released a musical CD in 2002.

Death
Nozomi's career was still on the rise when her life came to a sudden end while visiting Nagano Prefecture. On October 12, 2002, she was found dead by the Narai River, which runs through Shiojiri. A nearby burned-out car contained the remains of her male companion. Nozomi had been stabbed at least six times, covered with gasoline and set on fire about 10 meters from the car. It was reported that Nozomi's companion was a company employee in Nagano Prefecture, and that in what the police called a possible murder-suicide pact, the man had burned himself to death inside the car. The remains were so badly charred that it took hours of testing before investigators could even determine that the remains belonged to a male. According to the Mainichi Shimbun, "Nozomi seemed to have something Japan's myriad other porno starlets lacked and, at just 24, she was on her way up in the world before her tragic end."

In the months after the incident, the parents of Momoi's male companion objected to the murder-suicide theory and many inconsistencies were pointed out. His parents unsuccessfully brought a case against the local police and when their insurance company refused to pay because of their son's supposed suicide, they sued Sumitomo Life Insurance. In October 2006, the civil court at Nagano ruled in favor of the parents that the two deaths were due to murder by a third party. No further progress had been made in the criminal case.

title: Nozomi Momoi


text:
Macksburg

Macksburg can refer to a place in the United States:

 * Macksburg, Iowa, in Madison County
 * Macksburg, Ohio, in Washington County
 * Macksburg, Oregon, in Clackamas County

title: Macksburg


text:
Mackville

Mackville may refer to several places in the United States:

 * Mackville, Kentucky
 * Mackville, Missouri
 * Mackville, Wisconsin

title: Mackville