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VFA-41

Strike Fighter Squadron 41 (VFA-41) also known as the "Black Aces", is a United States Navy strike fighter squadron based at Naval Air Station Lemoore, California, flying the F/A-18F Super Hornet. They are attached to Carrier Air Wing 9 (CVW-9). Their radio callsign is "Fast Eagle" and their tailcode is NG.

1950s
VF-41 was established on 1 September 1950 at NAS Oceana, it is the fourth US Navy squadron to be designated VF-41. The Black Aces began flying the F2H-3 Banshee in 1953, deploying to the Mediterranean and Far East aboard USS Independence (CV-62). On 24 January 1956, VF-41 embarked with ATG-181 for the shakedown cruise of USS Forrestal (CV-59) near Guantanamo Bay Cuba, returning to NAS Oceana on 31 March 1956. VF-41 again attached to ATG-181 embarked aboard USS Bennington (CV-20) on October 3, 1956 for a Western Pacific deployment. The crew observed the 15th anniversary of "Battle of the Coral Sea" with ceremony at location of the battle conducted by veterans of the battle. ATG-181 returned to NAS Oceana on May 23, 1957. In 1959, the Banshee was replaced by the F3H-2 Demon.

1960s
In February 1962, VF-41 transitioned to the F-4B Phantom II and made a special deployment to NAS Key West, Florida during the Cuban Missile Crisis. In May 1965, the squadron deployed to the western Pacific for seven months of combat operations during the Vietnam War. They flew a wide range of missions: fighter cover, reconnaissance escort, flak suppression and day/night interdiction.

1970s
The next five deployments (flying the F-4J,B,N) were on USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CV-42) with CVW-6 tail code AE (awarded the Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation for period 9 March 1972 through 1 December 1972). VF-41 transitioned from the F-4J to the F-4B in 1973 and (as an 18 aircraft squadron) was on USS Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Yom Kippur War providing escorts for Operation Nickel Grass and were part of the peacekeeping force that helped keep the truce after the war.

In 1974, VF-41 transitioned from the F-4B to the F-4N and conducted their last cruise with the Phantom aboard Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1975. During that year VF-41 was awarded the COMNAVAIRLANT Safety "S", which they also would receive in 1981, 1989 and 1992. In April 1976 VF-41 transitioned to the F-14A Tomcat and their first cruise began in September 1977 as part of CVW-8 on USS Nimitz (CVN-68). Another cruise followed in 1980 to the Mediterranean.

1980s
In 1980, Nimitz and VF-41 took part in a round-the-Horn cruise. While on this cruise, the carrier served as the seaborne base in response to the Iran hostage crisis and the subsequent attempted rescue of the U.S. Embassy hostages from Iran. VF-41 (and the rest of the battle group) spent 144 continuous days at sea, the longest period the squadron had spent at sea without break since World War II.

During workups for the 1981–1982 Mediterranean cruise, an EA-6B Prowler piloted by Marine Lieut. Steven E. White, crashed on the deck of Nimitz. Upon crashing onto the deck, the Prowler rammed broadside into six fueled F-14 Tomcats causing a fuel fire and ordnance to explode, including an AIM-7 Sparrow missile. The incident, which caused only superficial damage to Nimitz, resulted in three F-14s destroyed, 45 injured sailors and fourteen casualties with VF-41 losing three shipmates.

While on deployment in the Mediterranean on 19 August 1981, during a routine combat air patrol mission over the Gulf of Sidra, two Libyan Su-22 "Fitter" aircraft were shot down by squadron aircraft. The incident marked the first Navy air combat confrontation since the Vietnam War and the first ever for the F-14A Tomcat. It was the first time a variable wing geometry aircraft shot down another variable wing geometry aircraft. 1981 was also the first year in which the squadron won the COMNAVAIRLANT Battle Efficiency "E", signifying them as the most efficient squadron in the Atlantic Fleet. VF-41 was also awarded the Battle "E" in 1985 and 1989.

In November 1982, the squadron embarked on an extended deployment off the coast of Beirut, Lebanon, in support of the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

During 1985, VF-41 spent 68 days off the coast of Lebanon in response to the hijacking of TWA Flight 847.

The 1986 cruise was the last with Nimitz; it began in December and ended in June 1987 when Nimitz got to her new home in San Diego. In October that year, CVW-8 was deployed with USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) and the first cruise was in the North Atlantic for Exercise Teamwork ’88 which involved operations with the Royal Norwegian Air Force and the first Mediterranean deployment was in December.

1990s
On 28 December 1990, VF-41 embarked on USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) to support Operation Desert Shield, arriving in the Persian Gulf shortly after hostilities with Iraq began. By the end of the war, the squadron had amassed over 1,500 combat flight hours. After the war, the squadron remained in the Persian Gulf and Red Sea as part of a military presence enforcing the ceasefire until late April 1991, when the squadron was tasked with providing air support for ground forces assisting Kurdish refugees in Northern Iraq during Operation Provide Comfort.

VF-41 was soon training for the F-14's new role: air-to-ground bombing. In late 1991, VF-41 had flown over 46,500 hours without an accident over a period of 11 years.

In 1995 VF-84 was disestablished and VF-41 picked up the TARPS mission. The disestablishment of VF-84 was the only occasion in which a TARPS capable unit was disestablished instead of a non-TARPS capable unit.

In early 1995 VF-41 deployed on a six-month deployment to the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf and the Adriatic Sea. During this cruise VF-41 conducted combat operations in support of Operation Deliberate Force and Operation Deny Flight over Bosnia and Herzegovina and Operation Southern Watch over Iraq. On 5 September 1995, two VF-41 F-14As dropped laser-guided bombs for the first time in combat during Operation Deliberate Force. The target was an ammunition dump in eastern Bosnia. The bombs were guided by F/A-18s. VF-41 adopted the slogan "First To Fight, First To Strike" in recognition of being the first F-14 squadron to score air-to-air kills and drop bombs in combat. During this deployment VF-41 logged over 600 combat hours and 530 sorties, and during a week of combat in the Balkans (5–12 September 1995), VF-41 dropped 24,000 pounds of ordnance on Bosnian-Serb targets, the bulk of it precision guided bombs laser designated by F/A-18 Hornets.

In 1996, VF-14 joined VF-41 in CVW-8 and thus CVW-8 was one of few air wings in the US Navy with two F-14 squadrons, rather than one. CVW-8 deployed on board USS John C. Stennis (CVN-74) in February 1996, for a Joint Fleet Exercise. This was followed by deployed operations to the North Atlantic while embarked on USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) with port calls to Dublin, Ireland and Portsmouth, England.

In April 1997, CVW-8 embarked on USS John F. Kennedy for a Mediterranean/Persian Gulf deployment. During this deployment, CVW-8 participated in numerous exercises and detachments including Infinite Acclaim, Beacon Flash and Invitex. During Invitex the Air Wing completed over 350 sorties including 203 sorties in a single day of surge operations. This deployment also included operations over Bosnia-Herzegovina in support of Operation Deliberate Guard and over Iraq in support of Operation Southern Watch.

In 1999, USS Theodore Roosevelt departed for the Mediterranean and joined NATO forces for Operation Allied Force. VF-41's first strike was against an ammunition storage facility in Pristina, Kosovo on 6 April. In July, Theodore Roosevelt was ordered to the Persian Gulf in support of Operation Southern Watch, where VF-41 became the first squadron to expend ordnance in two theatres on a single deployment. VF-41 logged over 1,100 combat hours during 384 sorties and dropped over 160 tons of laser-guided munitions with an unprecedented 85% success rate in support of Operation Allied Force and Operation Southern Watch.

The squadron won the Wade McClusky Award in 1999, as most outstanding attack squadron in the US Navy. This marked the first time an F-14 squadron won the award, which previously been given only to A-6 and F/A-18 units.

2000s
In April 2001, VF-41 embarked on their final F-14 cruise aboard USS Enterprise (CVN-65), supporting Operation Southern Watch and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). As the carrier headed for home, they were given order to head to the Gulf of Oman after the September 11 attacks. During the build-up to war, VF-41 conducted several TARPS missions near the Pakistani/Afghani-border.

USS Enterprise and its air group was the night carrier during OEF and thus did not see action until 8 October, when VF-41 attacked several cave complexes. One of the first target hit was the Shindand airbase, in western Afghanistan, where the Taliban were storing aircraft, radar and vehicles. By the end of the deployment in November, VF-41 had dropped over 200,000 lbs of ordnance (202 laser-guided bombs).

Shortly after their return in late 2001, VF-41 transitioned to the F/A-18F Super Hornet and was redesignated VFA-41.

On 18 October 2002 four VFA-41 aviators were killed when two F/A-18Fs collided in mid-air off the coast of California.

During Operation Iraqi Freedom, two F/A-18Fs were forward deployed to USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) in late March 2003. These F/A-18s were requested to boost the aerial refueling capabilities of CVW-14, as well as to provide additional qualified Forward Air Controllers. The F/A-18s flew from Nimitz to Abraham Lincoln, a 2700-mile trip. On 6 April, the Hornets returned to Nimitz. During the war VFA-41 expended laser-guided bombs, as well as JDAM and AGM-65 Maverick missiles.

In May 2005 VFA-41 again deployed to the Persian Gulf in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. During this deployment the squadron was featured in the PBS documentary "Carrier" with a heavy focus on Commander David Fravor.

In 2007 VFA-41 deployed aboard Nimitz for a WESTPAC cruise and participated in Operation Valiant Shield, a joint-force exercise in the vicinity of Guam.

In January 2008 the squadron surge-deployed to Nimitz in the Pacific. On 13 February 2008, it was reported that several Russian Tu-95 bombers were intercepted over the Pacific by F/A-18s from Nimitz while on a surge deployment in the region. One Tu-95 was escorted and flew directly over the carrier at 2000 ft, escorted by VFA-41 Hornets. The Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. Gary Roughead called the incident "benign" and said: "they came out to look. We joined up (and) flew with them until they went home". A total of four Russian bombers were involved; two remained about 500 miles east of the carrier strike group, and another orbited about 50 miles away as one Tu-95 did two low passes over the Nimitz carrier group.

After their return to the United States, VFA-41 began trading in their Lot 26 F/A-18Fs for Lot 30 F/A-18Fs which are fitted with AESA radar technology.

During 2009 CVW-11 and the Nimitz Strike Group conducted several training exercises off the coast of Southern California including composite unit training and joint task force training in anticipation for their 2009–2010 deployment. On 28 July it was reported that CVW-11 and the Nimitz Strike Group was to depart for an eight-month deployment.

2010s
By January 2010 VFA-41 had flown over 2,500 combat hours in 400 combat missions supporting Operation Enduring Freedom. VFA-41 joined CVW-9 in 2010 and started workups for a WESTPAC deployment in 2011.

From 27 July 2011 to 26 February 2012, CVW-9 deployed on board USS John C. Stennis (CVN-74) to support operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, counter-piracy and maritime security operations. VFA-41 supported Operation Enduring Freedom and the final combat missions of Operation New Dawn.

Following a short six-month turnaround, the squadron once again cruised on a surge deployment from 1 September 2012 to 28 April 2013 on board USS John C. Stennis. The squadron returned to the Middle East and flew missions in support of the 5th Fleet and Operation Enduring Freedom.

In January 2016 VFA-41 with Carrier Air Wing 9 deployed aboard John C. Stennis to the South China Sea to ensure freedom of navigation. Ports of call during this deployment included Guam, Busan, Singapore, Manila and Pearl Harbor. The squadron flew out to its landbase at Lemoore, California on 9 August.

2020s
During the 2020s, the squadron was a part of Carrier Air Wing 9 on the USS Abraham Lincoln.

title: VFA-41


text: Category:Airlines of Europe

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Airlines of Europe


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Enemy Within Campaign

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was closing this old AfD. This was still open after more than eight years. Currently, the article was recreated in 2006 and this version survived to date. —♦♦ AMBER  (ЯʘCK)  18:20, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

The Enemy Within Campaign
Merge with Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay and delete. hfool 23:54, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Or just delete. A much better option, really. -R. fiend 01:47, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Trivia for people who already know it. No merge, as I hate to tell our editors to do the pooper-scooping for people who aren't understanding the nature of an encyclopedia.  No redirect, IMO, though a redirect only wouldn't be evil. Geogre 03:17, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is of no significance at all separate from the Warhammer roleplay rules, and splitting it up would only confuse. There isn't enough info in this article to warrant a merge, so just turn any redlink in the WFRP article into normal text. Average Earthman 13:54, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trivia. Fancruft. Made by people who don't know what what an encycliopaedia is. --Bucephalus 15:16, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. —tregoweth 21:12, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


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VF-41

Fighter Squadron 41 or VF-41 was an aviation unit of the United States Navy. Originally established as VF-75A on 1 June 1945, redesignated as VF-75 on 1 August 1945, redesignated as VF-3B on 15 November 1946, redesignated as VF-41 on 1 September 1948, it was disestablished in June 1950. It was the third US Navy squadron to be designated VF-41.

Operational history
VF-75 was assigned to Carrier Air Group 75 (CVBG-75) aboard the USS Franklin D. Roosevelt (CV-42) for a Western Atlantic cruise from 19 April to 25 May 1946.

Home port assignments

 * NAS Chincoteague

Aircraft assignment

 * F4U-4 Corsair

title: VF-41


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Julius Adler

Julius Adler may refer to:
 * Julius Adler (biochemist) (born 1930), American biochemist
 * Julius Adler (actor) (1906–1994), Polish-born American Yiddish theater actor
 * Julius Ochs Adler (1892–1955), American publisher, journalist, and US Army general
 * Julius Adler (politician) (1894–1945), Communist Member of the IV. German Reichstag (Weimar Republic)

title: Julius Adler


text:
Talk:Software patents under TRIPs Agreement

Incorrect reasoning
The question is raised whether TRIPS allows software to be excluded under art. 27 subsection 2 and 3. A better approach IMHO is to ask the question whther (in general or in particular situations) software is an invention at all, since Art. 27 only gices rules for inventions. Rbakels (talk) 13:55, 1 April 2023 (UTC)


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Marvel Comics rating system

The Marvel Comics rating system is a system for rating the content of comic books, with regard to appropriateness for different age groups. In 2001, Marvel Comics withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own rating system for its publications. This was precipitated by the CCA refusing approval of the seal due to the strong depiction of violence in X-Force #116, a comic written by Peter Milligan and drawn by Mike Allred. As well, by withdrawing from the CCA, this is seen as a move by editor-in-chief Joe Quesada to lure more high-profile creators to Marvel Comics. Today's ratings are usually found on the comic's UPC box.

System
The Marvel Rating System assigns each comic book one of the following ratings:

 * ALL AGES – Appropriate for all ages.
 * A – Appropriate for age 9 and up.
 * T – Appropriate for most readers 13 and up, but parents are advised that they might want to read before or with younger children.
 * T+ TEENS AND UP – Appropriate for teens 13 and up.
 * PARENTAL ADVISORY – Appropriate for 15 and up. Similar to T+, but featuring more mature themes and/or more graphic imagery. Recommended for teen and adult readers.
 * EXPLICIT CONTENT – Appropriate for 18 and up. Most Mature Readers books will fall under the MAX imprint (created specifically for mature content titles). MAX and mature-themed titles will continue to be designed to appear distinct from mainline Marvel titles, with the "MAX: Explicit Content" label very prominently displayed on the cover. MAX titles will not be sold on the newsstand, and they will not be sold to younger readers.

History
The first Marvel rating system was implemented in 2001, following their publishing of an issue of X-Force without the approval of self-regulatory system the Comics Code Authority (CCA). The CCA deemed the issue too violent, and following this, Marvel removed its entire line from the scrutiny of the Comics Code. Their age rating system used the following categories:

 * ALL AGES
 * PG (Parental Guidance)
 * PG+
 * PARENTAL ADVISORY/EXPLICIT CONTENT

However, the Motion Picture Association of America complained, as it holds a trademark on such classifications as PG and PG-13 (see MPAA film rating system). Marvel thus switched to the following system (by changing the PG ratings):

 * ALL AGES
 * PSR (Parental Supervision Recommended)
 * PSR+
 * PARENTAL ADVISORY/EXPLICIT CONTENT

Beginning in June 2005, Marvel switched to yet another system:

 * ALL AGES
 * A Appropriate for age 9 and up.
 * T Recommended for TEEN AND UP UNLESS WITH PARENTAL SUPERVISION
 * T+ SUGGESTED FOR TEEN AND UP
 * PARENTAL ADVISORY
 * MAX: EXPLICIT CONTENT

title: Marvel Comics rating system


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Julius Ochs Adler

Julius Ochs Adler (December 3, 1892 – October 3, 1955) was an American publisher, journalist, and highly decorated United States Army officer with the rank of major general. He distinguished himself during World War I as Major and battalion commander in the 306th Infantry Regiment and received Distinguished Service Cross, the second highest decorations of the United States military for valor in combat.

Following the War, he returned to his civilian job as journalist for The New York Times, but retained his reserve commission. Adler was recalled for federal service in 1940 and reached the rank of Brigadier general. He later served as Assistant Division Commander, 6th Infantry Division during New Guinea campaign, but reverted to the inactive status in late 1944. However Adler remained active in the Army Organized Reserve and reached the rank of major general and commander of 77th Infantry Division.

Early career and World War I
Julius O. Adler was born on December 3, 1892, in Chattanooga, Tennessee, the son of Harry Clay Adler and Ada Ochs. He graduated from Baylor University School in Chattanooga in 1908 and then entered the Lawrenceville School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, which he completed in summer 1910. Adler was then admitted to the Princeton University from which he graduated with Bachelor of Arts degree in June 1914. Upon his graduation, he joined the staff of The New York Times.

His first military experience came in 1915, when he entered the Citizens' Military Training Camp, the first businessmen's training camp at Plattsburgh, New York. Adler participated regularly in the summer military trainings at the Governors Island and was commissioned second lieutenant in the Cavalry on April 7, 1917, the day after the American entry into World War I. He was called up to active service shortly thereafter and rose to the rank of captain by the end of August 1917.

Adler was transferred to the Infantry Branch and joined the 306th Infantry Regiment at Camp Upton, New York as Commander of "Company H". Following several months of intensive training, he embarked with the regiment as the part of 77th Division for Western Front in April 1918. Adler was promoted to major and assumed command of the battalion, which he led during the Oise-Aisne, Meuse-Argonne, Champagne, and Lorraine campaigns.

On October 14, 1918, during the Meuse–Argonne offensive, Adler accompanied by fellow officer supervised the work of clearing the enemy from Saint-Juvin in the Ardennes department in northern France. They suddenly came upon a party of the enemy numbering 150 Germans. Adler, armed only with his pistol, opened the fire on the enemy and ran toward the party, calling on them to surrender. His bravery and good marksmanship resulted in the capture of 50 Germans, and the remainder fled. For this act of valor, Adler was decorated with Distinguished Service Cross, the second highest decorations of the United States military for valor in combat.

He was also decorated with two Silver Stars citation for bravery and received Purple Heart for wounds received by combat gas. The Allies bestowed him Legion of Honour, French Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with Palm and Italian War Merit Cross. The State of New York decorated him with New York Meritorious Service Medal.

Interwar period
Adler returned stateside in April 1919 and reverted to the inactive status on May 10, 1919. He retain his reserve commission in the 306th Infantry Regiment and returned to his job with The New York Times. He become treasurer and vice-president of The New York Times and following the death of his uncle, Adolph Ochs, in April 1935, he was appointed General Manager of The Times. Adler was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1923 and to colonel in 1930 in the Army Reserve. He assumed command of 306th Infantry Regiment in the Army Reserves in December 1924 and held it until his reactivation in October 1940.

Meanwhile in April 1932, Adler was appointed civilian aide to the Secretary of War, Patrick J. Hurley in connection with Citizens' Military Training Camp for Second Corps Area under Major general Dennis E. Nolan. For his contribution as a Princeton graduate to journalism or related fields, Adler became the second recipient of the medal awarded annually by the Daily Princetonian Alumni Association.

Adler participated in the pre-World War II defense program and in May 1940, he was appointed Head of the committee of representatives from New York, New Jersey and Delaware, which was responsible for the direction of the registration of 7,200 youths for the Citizens' Military Training Camps. Adler also urged Secretary of the Navy, Frank Knox, with the adoption of compulsory military training.

World War II
Adler was reactivated at his own request in October 1940 and appointed commanding officer of the 113th Infantry Regiment, 44th Division, at Fort Dix, New Jersey. After several months with that regiment, he was promoted to the temporary rank of Brigadier general on July 15, 1941 and assumed duty as Assistant Division Commander, 6th Infantry Division under Major general Franklin C. Sibert.

He participated in the desert training in California and embarked with the division to Hawaii in July 1943 for defense of the islands. Adler participated in the coordination of the defense plans of Oahu and received Bronze Star Medal. The Sixth Division then conducted intensive jungle training until January 1944, when it received orders to reinforce allied units on Southwest Pacific. Adler participated in the New Guinea campaign until June 1944, when became ill and was shipped to the United States for treatment.

Unfortunately his illness was so serious, Adler was declared unfit for active duty and reverted to an inactive status on November 17, 1944. At least his service with 6th Infantry Division on New Guinea was recognized with Legion of Merit.

Postwar career
Adler returned to his job with The New York Times as General manager and also resumed his work as the president and publisher of The Chattanooga Times. Shortly following the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945, Adler and several other newspapers executive, visited Concentration camps in Germany at the invitation of General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Another tour of duty came in August and September 1945, when he was invited by Secretary of the Navy, James V. Forrestal to the Pacific Theater of Operations to obtain firsthand observation of the military operations. While in the Pacific, Japan surrendered and Adler filed dispatches to his newspaper aboard the U.S. warships in Tokyo Bay.

Following the activation of 77th Infantry Division as the part of Army Organized Reserve, general Courtney Hodges, commanding general, First United States Army, appointed Adler as 77th Division commanding general. Adler commanded his division during the postwar training period at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, and received promotion to major general on January 24, 1948. He also served as the President of the Senior Army Reserve Commanders Association, 1949–1951 and a Reserve member of the Components Policy Board.

Adler was the president and publisher of The Chattanooga Times, and general manager of The New York Times until his death on October 3, 1955. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Personal life
Adler married to Barbara Stettheimer in 1922. They had two daughters, Barbara A. Katzander and Nancy J. Adler, and a son, Julius Ochs Adler, Jr.

Adler was a Freemason. He was a member of Justice Lodge No 753 of the 6th Manhattan Masonic District in New York City.

Decorations
Here is Major general Adler's ribbon bar:

Distinguished Service Cross citation
"The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (Infantry) Julius O. Adler, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with 306th Infantry Regiment, 77th Division, A.E.F., at St. Juvin, France, 14 October 1918. Accompanied by another officer, Major Adler was supervising the work of clearing the enemy from St. Juvin where they suddenly came upon a party of the enemy numbering 150. Firing on the enemy with his pistol, Major Adler ran toward the party, calling on them to surrender. His bravery and good marksmanship resulted in the capture of 50 Germans, and the remainder fled."

Legion of Merit citation
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, 20 July 1942, takes pleasure in presenting the Legion of Merit to Brigadier General Julius Ochs Adler, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States as Assistant Commanding General, 6th Infantry Division, from September 1941 to September 1943 and from January to June 1944.

Publications

 * History of the Seventy-Seventh Division, August 25th, 1917 – November 11th, 1918 (1919) (ed.)
 * History of the 306th Infantry (1935) (ed.)

title: Julius Ochs Adler


text:
Shivers (1975 film)

Shivers, also known as The Parasite Murders and They Came from Within, and, for Canadian distribution in French, Frissons ('chills' or 'shivers'), is a 1975 Canadian science fiction body horror film written and directed by David Cronenberg and starring Paul Hampton, Lynn Lowry, and Barbara Steele.

Plot
At Starliner Towers, a luxury apartment complex outside of Montreal, Dr. Emil Hobbes murders a young woman named Annabelle. He slices open her stomach, pours acid into the wound and then commits suicide. Nick Tudor, who has been suffering from stomach convulsions, finds their bodies but leaves without calling the police. The two bodies are found by resident doctor Roger St. Luc, who calls the police. Hobbes' medical partner, Rollo Linsky, tells St. Luc that he and Hobbes had been working on a project to create "a parasite that can take over the function of a human organ."

After suffering more convulsions, Nick leaves work early. He vomits a parasite over the railing of his balcony. The parasite slithers back into the apartment, where it attacks a cleaning woman in the basement, attaching itself to her face. Nick's wife Janine tries to care for him, but he ignores her and prefers to talk to the parasites undulating in his abdomen. At the clinic, Roger sees a sexually active middle-aged resident who has been suffering from stomach convulsions. Roger speculates that his condition might be an STD that he caught from Annabelle.

Linsky calls Roger from Hobbes' office downtown to tell him that Hobbes had developed a parasite that was "a combination of aphrodisiac and venereal disease that will, hopefully, turn the world into one beautiful mindless orgy." Hobbes believed modern humans had become over-intellectual and estranged from their primal impulses. Hobbes' ambition with his parasitic invention was to reassert humanity's unbridled, sexually aggressive instincts, and he used Annabelle as his guinea pig. Linsky warns Roger not to approach anyone who is behaving in a strange manner.

Nick tries to force his wife Janine to have sex with him, but she recoils in horror when one of the parasites crawls from his mouth. She rushes to the apartment of her friend Betts, who was infected by one of the parasites while taking a bath. Betts seduces Janine and, as they kiss, passes a parasite to her. Meanwhile, other residents, including a little girl in an elevator with her mother, who are assaulted by a deliveryman, become infected with the parasite, attack other residents and continue to spread the infection. Soon the hallways are full of people sexually assaulting or fighting one another. Roger combs the complex looking for the parasites while Forsythe—his nurse and lover—tends to an elderly couple who were attacked by one of the parasites.

Linsky arrives at Starliner Towers and goes to the Tudor apartment, as Roger had identified Nick as someone Annabelle might have infected. He finds Nick lying in bed, parasites crawling on his abdomen. When Linsky examines him more closely, one of the parasites latches onto his cheek. Linsky tries to pull it off with pliers, but Nick kills him and swallows the parasite. Forsythe tries to flee the complex in her car but is attacked by the infected security guard. Before he can rape her, Roger arrives and kills him, and the two hide in the basement. Forsythe tells Roger of a dream that mixed eroticism and death, then vomits up a parasite. Roger knocks her out and tries to carry her to safety, but they are attacked by a horde of infected sex maniacs. Roger is separated from Forsythe and is forced to flee as she is overwhelmed by the infected.

Roger kills Nick in his apartment, then tries to escape the complex, but is thwarted at every turn. He finally makes it to the swimming pool area where he encounters Janine and Betts swimming fully clothed. The two walk to the edge of the pool and smile seductively at him as he finds a door to the outside, but the infected block his path and he is pulled into the pool by Janine and Betts. The rest of the infected, including the little girl from the elevator, plunge into the pool fully dressed or otherwise and swim towards Roger to hold him down. Roger is eventually surrounded and finally infected by Forsythe.

Roger, Forsythe and the other Starliner residents drive out of the building's garage. Early the next morning, news reports encourage listeners not to panic as police investigate an epidemic of sexual assaults in Montreal.

Production
After finishing Crimes of the Future David Cronenberg lived in Tourrettes-sur-Loup, France, where he shot filler for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation using a 16 mm camera he purchased with a Canada Council grant. During his time in France he went to the Cannes Film Festival where he realized that he "couldn't make movies like Stereo and Crimes and consider myself a professional film-maker" and that he needed a broader audience. He returned to Canada and started work on Shivers.

Cronenberg joined Cinépix which he described as "sleazy distributors, and I say that with great affection - my kind of people". Cinépix was attempting to enter the American market and John Dunning believed that Cronenberg's film would aid them.

It took around three years to gain financial backing from the Canadian Film Development Corporation which viewed the movie as "disgusting, awful, horrific, perverse" according to Cronenberg. Jonathan Demme was offered the position of director. Cronenberg directed the film, but stated "I had fifteen days to learn how to make a movie. I didn't know how to make movies, just films." and that he "didn't know what the fuck was going on" at his first production meeting. Ivan Reitman was appointed as a line producer.

The film was written under the titles The Parasite Complex, Starliner, and Orgy Of The Blood Parasites. It was shot at Nuns' Island from 21 August to 17 September 1974. The film was given a budget of $115,000, but cost $179,000 with $76,500 coming from the CFDC. Dick Smith and Joe Blasco worked on effects and makeup for the film. It was shot at Tourelle-Sur-Rive, a 1962 apartment building designed by Mies van der Rohe. While filming, Lynn Lowry accidentally struck Cronenberg in the face with a cooking fork.

Release
The film was released as Shivers in Canada and the United Kingdom, The Parasite Murders and Frissons in Quebec, and They Came From Within in the United States. The film was released in Canada in Montreal by Cinépix on 10 October 1975, in English in three theatres and in French in seven theatres. Regional showings in the United States started in San Antonio, Texas, on September 26, 1975.

It was shown at the Cannes Film Festival and Edinburgh International Film Festival in 1975. Shivers and Rabid were re-released as a double feature in Paris in December 1994.

Home media
The film was released on DVD by Image Entertainment on September 16, 1998. On September 15, 2020, Lionsgate issued the film on Blu-ray in the United States as part of its Vestron Video Collector's Series. This release includes, among other features, a new commentary by Cronenberg.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of based on reviews from  critics, with an average rating of. The site's consensus states, "Shivers uses elementally effective basic ingredients to brilliant effect—and lays the profoundly unsettling foundation for director David Cronenberg's career to follow".

Critical reaction to the initial release of the movie was negative, however. Of a selection of 28 reviews from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and France, 16 reviews were negative—12 of these very negative—versus 6 that were positive. Of the positive reviews, 3 were very positive. 6 reviews were neutral. Canadian critics such as Martin Knelman, in The Globe and Mail, and Dane Larnken, in the Montreal Gazette, gave the film negative reviews. American critic Roger Ebert noted that while he expected Shivers to be a dismal exploitation film, since it was part of a double bill with the purported snuff film Snuff, he instead was impressed by much of the movie. He gave it 21⁄2 stars.

Canadian journalist Robert Fulford previously praised Cronenberg's prior film Stereo. However, Fulford, writing under the pseudonym Marshall Delaney, decried the content of Shivers in the national magazine Saturday Night. Since Cronenberg's film was partially financed by the taxpayer-funded CFDC. Fulford headlined the article with ''You should know how bad this film is. After all, you paid for it.'' He called it "crammed with blood, violence and depraved sex", and "the most repulsive movie I've ever seen." Not only did this high-profile attack make it more difficult for Cronenberg to obtain funding for his subsequent movies it also resulted in him being kicked out of his apartment in Toronto according to Cronenberg, due to his landlord's inclusion of a "morality clause" in the lease. The controversy over the sexual and violent content of Shivers grew to the point that the Parliament of Canada debated the film's social and artistic value and effect upon society.

Box office
The film was successful in Quebec, but failed in the United States with Cronenberg blaming American International Pictures's poor distribution. Multiple scenes were cut from the American release to prevent an X rating. The film earned around $5 million after a theatrical release in forty countries.

Making $1 million in Canada, Shivers was one of the highest-grossing English-language Canadian films of all time, and more profitable than any previous Canadian film. According to Cronenberg it was the first film funded by the CFDC to earn a profit.

Related works
The screenplay was published by Faber & Faber in the 2002 collection ''David Cronenberg: Collected Screenplays 1: Stereo, Crimes of the Future, Shivers, Rabid.

title: Shivers (1975 film)


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Buddy Adler

E. Maurice "Buddy" Adler (June 22, 1906 – July 12, 1960) was an American film producer and production head for 20th Century Fox studios.

In 1954, his production of From Here to Eternity won the Academy Award for Best Picture and in 1956, his Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing was nominated for best picture. Adler also produced the 1956 film Bus Stop, starring Marilyn Monroe.

Biography
Adler was born in New York City in 1906 (some references have listed his birth year as 1908 or 1909). "Buddy" was a childhood nickname. His family ran a small chain of department stores and Adler did advertising copy for the chain. He began writing short stories in his spare time and published them under the name "Bradley Allen". In 1936 he moved to Hollywood where he wrote the Pete Smith short features for MGM. He wrote the screenplay for the short documentary film Quicker'n a Wink, which won an Oscar in 1940. He also owned a small string of movie showhouses, called the Hitching Post.

During World War II, Adler served in the Signal Corps (1941–1945), ending with the rank of colonel.

In 1954 Alder moved from Columbia to Fox, where he produced several films.

Head of Fox
In 1956 Adler was named as Head of Production for 20th Century Fox, replacing Darryl F. Zanuck. In 1957 he established the Fox Talent School, with a $1 million budget. Actors who had their first starring roles under Adler include Elvis Presley, Pat Boone, Tommy Sands, Fabian, Stuart Whitman, Suzy Parker, Joanne Woodward, France Nuyen, May Britt, Bradford Dillman, Tony Randall, Barry Coe, and Diane Varsi.

Personal life
Adler was born in New York City. He moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1936 and resided there for the rest of his life. In 1940 he married actress Anita Louise Fremault (1915–1970), with whom he had two children. The family were at his bedside when he died in 1960, from lung cancer.

Awards
Adler received the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award in 1957. In 1958 he received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in motion pictures.

Death
On July 12, 1960, Adler died of lung cancer, aged 54, in Los Angeles and was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. His widow, who is buried there as well, survived him by ten years.

Selected filmography

 * Flaming Star (1960, but died a week before filming started)
 * North to Alaska (1960, died midway through principal photography)
 * The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958)
 * South Pacific (1958)
 * A Hatful of Rain (1957)
 * Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison (1957)
 * Anastasia (1956)
 * Bus Stop (1956)
 * The Revolt of Mamie Stover (1956)
 * The Bottom of the Bottle (1956)
 * The Lieutenant Wore Skirts (1956)
 * The Left Hand of God (1955)
 * Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955)
 * House of Bamboo (1955)
 * Soldier of Fortune (1955)
 * Violent Saturday (1955)
 * From Here to Eternity (1953)
 * Last of the Comanches (1953)
 * The Harlem Globetrotters (1951)
 * Saturday's Hero (1951)
 * A Woman of Distinction (1950)
 * Tell It to the Judge (1949)
 * The Dark Past (1948)
 * Quicker'n a Wink (1940)

title: Buddy Adler


text:
Majek Fashek

Majekodunmi Fasheke, popularly known as Majek Fashek (March 1963 – 1 June 2020) was a Nigerian singer-songwriter and guitarist. His 1988 album Prisoner of Conscience included the single "Send Down the Rain", which won six PMAN Music Awards. Also known as The Rainmaker, he worked with various artists worldwide including Tracy Chapman, Jimmy Cliff, Michael Jackson, Snoop Dogg, and Beyoncé

Early life
Fashek was born in Benin City to an Edo mother and an Ijesa father in 1963, but identified mainly with his Benin roots. Various translations of his name Fasheke (Ifá à ṣe èké) include "powers of miracles" and "divination does not lie", however, it refers to the orisha (deity) Ifa (deity of divination) of the Yoruba religion and means "Ifa does not lie/deceive." After his parents separated, Fashek remained in Benin City with his mother, and later joined the choir in his local Aladura church where he learned to play the trumpet and guitar whilst composing songs for the choir.

Early 80's: Jah Stix
In the early eighties Fashek, who at the time went by the stage name Rajesh Kanal, joined the group Jah Stix with musicians Amos McRoy Gregg and Black Rice. The trio soon gained popularity as the in-house band on the NTA Benin show Music Panorama, and toured with fellow reggae group The Mandators (fronted by Victor Essiet). Jah Stix were also session musicians for up and coming reggae singer Edi Rasta, who would later be known as Evi-Edna Ogholi.

1987–1990: Prisoner of Conscience and I&I Experience
In 1987, shortly after Jah Stix disbanded, Fashek, who now used the name Majek Fashek, signed with Tabansi Records and began a solo career, releasing the album Prisoner of Conscience and quickly becoming Nigeria's top reggae artist after the song "Send Down The Rain" became the most popular song of the year. In 1989, he won six PMAN awards for "Song of the Year", "Album of the Year", and "Reggae Artist of the Year" among others. Fashek's next album, I&I Experience, was released in late 1989 under the Tabansi Label and included the anti-apartheid anthem "Free Africa, Free Mandela" which sampled Steam's "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye".

1991: So Long Too Long and American invasion
After leaving Tabansi Records, Fashek was signed to CBS Nigeria in the early 1990s and released So Long Too Long. It was included on Putumayo World Music's first album. In 1990 he was signed to Interscope Records and released the critically acclaimed album Spirit Of Love, produced by "Little Steven" Van Zandt. In 1992, he appeared on Late Night with David Letterman in support of his new 1991 album, and performed the song "So Long Too Long" for the television audience. Flame Tree released The Best of Majek Fashek in 1994. He was later dropped by Interscope before moving to Mango, a division of Island Records accustomed to marketing reggae internationally. His first album for the company included a cover version of Bob Marley's "Redemption Song". He has recorded several albums for various labels since, including Rainmaker for Tuff Gong (1997) and Little Patience for Coral (2004).

Musical style
Fashek's musical influences include Bob Marley – whom he resembled vocally – Jimi Hendrix, and Fela Kuti. He was one of the original Nigerian artists drawn to Caribbean music, specifically reggae, rather than indigenous hybrids such as fuji, jùjú, but was known to mix these genres to create his own style he called kpangolo, and the song "My Guitar", an ode to his favourite instrument, was heavily influenced by rock.

Other works
Fashek had a supporting role in the 1999 Nollywood movie Mark of the Beast, and starred in a commercial for the non-alcoholic beverage Diamalt. In 2016 he performed to audience of over 10,000 people in a comedy show hosted by Ayo Makun in Eko Hotel Hall, Lagos.

In November 2016 Fashek contributed the song "We Are Not Afraid" to a video directed by former 10CC member Kevin Godley featuring over 200 celebrities including 53 members of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to raise funds for the International Rescue Committee (IRC) and Human Rights Watch (HRW).

Personal life
Fashek was married to Rita Fashek who inspired the song "Without You"; the couple had four children together, but later divorced. In 2015, it was revealed that Fashek was bankrupt and battling drug addiction. After admitting that he needed help, he was admitted into a drug rehabilitation centre in Abuja, where he recovered and returned to music.

Death
Besides his struggle with drug addiction, other health conditions required Fashek's hospitalisation on several occasions. He was rumored dead in September 2019 but his manager quelled the rumors, confirming that Fashek had indeed been critically ill, hospitalized at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London in the UK, and in dire need of financial assistance. Billionaire businessman and philanthropist Femi Otedola pledged to cover all the singer's medical expenses.

Fashek died in his sleep on 1 June 2020 in New York City. He was 57, and was battling esophageal cancer.

title: Majek Fashek


text:
Talk:Ars nova (rock)

When browsing Offline reports/Nothing links to this article, i found that Ars nova (rock) and Ars Nova (rock) were not only about the same band but had virtually the same content! If there is a discrepancy on how it should actually be spelled (nova is capitalized in one, but not the other), I suggest one spelling should redirect to the other. Stale Fries 23:58, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ars nova (rock)


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Peter Herman Adler

Peter Herman Adler (2 December 1899, Gablonz an der Neiße, Bohemia – 2 October 1990, Ridgefield, Connecticut) was an American conductor born in Austria-Hungary in Gablonz an der Neiße, which is now in the Czech Republic.

Career
While at the Prague Conservatory, Adler studied with Vítězslav Novák, Fidelio Finke, and Alexander von Zemlinsky. He was the music and artistic director of the NBC Opera Theatre (1950–64) and the National Educational Television Opera. He was a pioneer of televised broadcast of opera, commissioning such works as Gian Carlo Menotti's Amahl and the Night Visitors and Maria Golovin, Norman Dello Joio's The Trial at Rouen, and Bohuslav Martinů's The Marriage; Jack Beeson's My Heart's in the Highlands, Thomas Pasatieri's The Trial of Mary Lincoln and Hans Werner Henze's La Cubana. Adler was also involved in the early career development of such singers as Leontyne Price, George London and Mario Lanza. He later conducted the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra from 1959 to 1968. He conducted the United States premiere of Ernst Bloch's opera Macbeth at the Juilliard School in May 1973.

Adler made only one foray into movies, adapting the music for The Great Caruso in 1950, for which he received an Academy Award nomination.

title: Peter Herman Adler


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Death on the Reik

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result was closing this old AfD. This was still open, nine years to date. Death on the Reik is presently a redirect to The Enemy Within Campaign. —♦♦ AMBER  (ЯʘCK)  18:14, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

Death on the Reik
Fancruft, merge with Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay.hfool 00:00, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nothing here to merge. More FECES. -R. fiend 01:48, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Foghat, as I say. We mustn't use the F-word.  No merge, as there's nothing there, and I'm doubtful about a redirect.  Geogre 03:16, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Of no use or relevance separate from campaign, which isn't of any use or relevance separate from the WFRP game. The campaign is already mentioned in the WFRP article, and that is all the mention needed. Average Earthman 13:55, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trivia. Fancruft. Made by people who don't know what what an encycliopaedia is. --Bucephalus 15:16, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. —tregoweth 21:12, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, or could be made a redirect to Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay.-gadfium (talk) 06:55, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC) Sorry, didn't realise it had been here so long. Deleted.-gadfium (talk) 06:59, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
Lichen (disambiguation)

Lichen is a type of symbiotic organism.

Lichen may also refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Lichens (musician), Robert Lowe's solo musical project
 * "Lichen", the nickname for an untitled song by Aphex Twin from the album Selected Ambient Works Volume II

Biology

 * Asphodelus albus, a herbaceous perennial plant sometimes called white lichen
 * Lichen planus, an inflammatory disease
 * Lichen sclerosus, a skin disease
 * Lichen simplex chronicus, a skin disease

Places

 * Licheń Stary, a village in central Poland
 * Sanctuary of Our Lady of Licheń, a large church at Licheń Stary
 * Licheń, Lubusz Voivodeship, a village in western Poland

title: Lichen (disambiguation)


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America Ferrera

America Georgina Ferrera (born April 18, 1984) is an American actress, director and television producer. She has received numerous accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, in addition to a nomination for an Academy Award. In 2007, Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world and in 2023, she was named in BBC's 100 Women list.

Ferrera developed an interest in acting at a young age, performing in several stage productions at her school. She made her feature film debut in 2002 with the comedy-drama Real Women Have Curves, earning praise for her performance. She achieved modest success early in her career with roles in films such as the comedy-dramas Gotta Kick It Up! (2002) and The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (2005). She garnered further critical acclaim and recognition for her starring role as Betty Suarez in the ABC comedy-drama series Ugly Betty (2006–2010). For her performance, she won a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, the first for a Latina woman in the category.

Ferrera's other film roles include the drama The Dry Land (2010), the romantic comedy Our Family Wedding (2010), the crime drama End of Watch (2012), and the fantasy comedy Barbie (2023), which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She also voiced Astrid Hofferson in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise (2010–2019) and co-produced and starred in the NBC workplace comedy series Superstore (2015–2021).

Early life and education
Ferrera, the youngest of six children, was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents, América Griselda Ayes and Carlos Gregorio Ferrera, were originally from Tegucigalpa, Honduras, and immigrated to the United States in the mid-1970s. Ferrera has stated that she has Lenca ancestry. Her mother worked as the director of the housekeeping staff for one of the Hilton Hotels, and stressed the importance of higher education. When Ferrera was seven, her parents divorced and her father returned to Honduras. Ferrera was estranged from her father when he died there in 2010.

Ferrera was raised in the Woodland Hills section of Los Angeles, where she attended Calabash Street Elementary School, George Ellery Hale Middle School and El Camino Real High School. At age seven she played a small role in a school production of Hamlet, and when she was 10 she played the Artful Dodger in Oliver!.

While at El Camino High School, she took acting lessons. She entered the University of Southern California (USC) on a presidential scholarship, double-majoring in theatre and international relations. She dropped out to focus on her acting career, but completed her bachelor's degree in May 2013.

Debut and early roles (2002–2005)
In July 2002, Ferrera appeared in her first television film, Gotta Kick It Up! for The Disney Channel. While at a theatre program at Northwestern University that same year, she made her feature movie debut in Real Women Have Curves. Ferrera followed this with roles in television (Touched by an Angel). She also appeared in the movie Plainsong, based on the novel by Kent Haruf, which also featured Aidan Quinn and Rachel Griffiths. Ferrera played a pregnant teenager, Victoria Roubideaux, who has been kicked out of her mother's house; she is taken in by two kindly brothers who live alone on a farm. In the 2005 film How the Garcia Girls Spent Their Summer, she starred as Bianca, a 17-year-old third-generation Mexican-American who is disgusted with the boys in her neighborhood but finds romance with a boy from a neighboring town. In 2006, she appeared in the short film 3:52, which won the Audience Award at the San Diego Women Film Festival. Later that year, she featured in the movie Steel City, which received nominations at the Film Independent Spirit Awards and the Sundance Film Festival. In December 2005, she appeared in the Off-Broadway play Dog Sees God: Confessions of a Teenage Blockhead, directed by Trip Cullman.

Breakthrough and rise to fame (2006–2010)
In 2006, Ferrera landed the lead role of Betty Suarez in ABC's new comedy-drama Ugly Betty, an adaptation of the successful Colombian telenovela Yo soy Betty, la fea (1999–2001), in which Ferrera portrays a girl whom her peers find extremely unattractive, thus the series title. As Betty Suarez, Ferrera wears braces, has bushy eyebrows and a disheveled wig, and cosmetics and clothing intended to downplay her own looks, in contrast to most of the "glammed up" characters; Ferrera herself invented the term "Bettification" to describe the process of creating her onscreen persona. In 2007, Ferrera won numerous accolades for her performance in the series; she also won the "triple crown" for acting in television; she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series, and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, becoming the first Latina woman to win the Outstanding Lead Actress Award.

In the wake of her Golden Globe win, Ferrera was congratulated by Hilda L. Solis in the United States House of Representatives and was commended for "helping to break down stereotypes and provide a role model for young Latinas". Time included Ferrera in their 2007 list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Also in 2007, Ferrera won the Imagen Foundation's Creative Achievement Award. Ferrera starred as Carmen in the 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, and reprised the role in 2008's The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2. Among other film work, she voice the role of Astrid in the hit animated film How to Train Your Dragon (2010). She also appeared in The Dry Land which premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival and ran at the Dallas International Film Festival where it won the top prize in the Filmmaker Award for Best Narrative Feature.

Post-Ugly Betty projects and Superstore (2011–2022)
Ferrera made her London stage debut on November 7, 2011, playing Roxie Hart in the musical Chicago in London's West End. In 2012, Ferrera was featured in the four-hour documentary Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, which premiered on PBS October 1 and 2, 2012. The series introduces women and girls living in very difficult circumstances and struggling to challenge them. The Half the Sky PBS TV series is produced by Show of Force along with Fugitive Films. Ferrera starred alongside David Cross and Julia Stiles in the dark comedy It's a Disaster, which premiered at the 2012 Los Angeles Film Festival and had a limited commercial release on April 12, 2013.

On May 17, 2013, ABC announced that Ferrera was cast in a limited-run telenovela titled Pedro & Maria, a modern-day take on Romeo and Juliet set in Washington, D.C. The series had been in development at MTV since 2010 with Ferrera serving as a director on the project, which would have interactive participation online content from viewers. ABC later decided not to move forward with the series. On March 16, 2015, Ferrera was added to the cast of the upcoming NBC sitcom Superstore, portraying Amy, a 10-year veteran floor supervisor at a superstore named Cloud 9. In addition to her main role, Ferrera also had co-production duties for the series. After NBC had initially announced a sixth season of the series, the network revealed on February 28, 2020, that Ferrera would be departing the series at the end of the fifth season citing new projects and spending time with family. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic shutting down Superstore 's fifth season with one episode left to film, her departure was delayed into season 6 in order to give her character's arc a proper closure. On March 10, 2021, NBC announced that Ferrera would return for the show's one-hour series finale.

In February 2019, it was announced that Ferrera would be credited as an executive producer and director for the Netflix comedy-drama series Gentefied. The series premiered on February 21, 2020.

Further projects and Barbie (2023–present)
In February 2021, it was announced that Ferrera would make her feature length directorial debut with I Am Not Your Perfect Mexican Daughter, based on the young adult novel of the same name by Erika L. Sánchez. Adapted by Linda Yvette Chávez, the film will be a co-production with Netflix, Anonymous Content, Aevitas Creative Management and MACRO.

In 2023, Ferrera appeared in the film Barbie, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

In February 2024 it was announced that Ferrera would star in and executive produce an Amazon Prime Video series about artist Ana Mendieta. The work is based on a book by Robert Katz, to be scripted by Cherise Castro Smith and co-executive produced by Amazon MGM Studios and Plan B Entertainment.

Activism
Ferrera has been politically active. During the 2008 presidential primaries, she, alongside Chelsea Clinton and Amber Tamblyn, led the Hillblazers organization in support of Hillary Clinton's campaign.

Ferrera attended both the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina, and the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia. At the 2016 convention, she addressed the delegates as a speaker, sharing the stage with Lena Dunham. Ferrera has been active, through her involvement with the organization Voto Latino and by appearing on various news programs, in getting Latinos in the United States to vote. Ferrera also works with Eva Longoria to co-host She Se Puede, a digital lifestyle platform which encourages voting within the Latina community. As a continuation of their work prior to the 2020 presidential campaign, Ferrera and Longoria recently held a textbanking event with VoteRiders to educate voters about Georgia's strict Voter ID laws ahead of the Georgia Senate runoff.

Ferrera was the opening speaker for the Women's March on Washington on January 21, 2017.

Ferrera spoke at the Families Belong Together protest on June 30, 2018.

In October 2017, Ferrera began her participation in the #MeToo campaign, publicly revealing that she was sexually harassed when she was nine years old. She did not reveal any details about the harassment or the person who harassed her. In January 2018, Ferrera was a founding member of the Time's Up legal defense fund.

In May 2024, Ferrera became IOM Global Goodwill Ambassador.

Personal life and other ventures
Ferrera first met actor, director, and writer Ryan Piers Williams when he cast her in a student film at USC in 2005. The couple got engaged in June 2010, and married on June 27, 2011. On January 1, 2018, Ferrera and Williams revealed that they were expecting their first child. She announced on her Instagram page on May 29, 2018, that she had given birth that month to a boy, Sebastian. On May 4, 2020, Ferrera gave birth to a girl, Lucia. On June 27, 2020, Ferrera acknowledged the couple's fifteenth anniversary since becoming a couple.

Ferrera was a guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional at Walt Disney World in 2015. In 2018, her edited anthology of stories, American Like Me: Reflections on Life Between Cultures, was published by Gallery Publishing Group. In April 2019, Ferrera gave a TEDTalk entitled "My Identity is a Superpower". In July 2020, Ferrera was announced as an investor in a primarily female group that was awarded a Los Angeles-based franchise in the National Women's Soccer League. The new team, since unveiled as Angel City FC, started playing in 2022.

title: America Ferrera


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Sucé-sur-Erdre

Sucé-sur-Erdre (, literally Sucé on Erdre; Sulieg) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.

Its name comes from the Latin sulcus, meaning "furrow", and the Celtic erdam, meaning "small river".

Sucé-sur-Erdre, as its name indicates, is located on the river Erdre, which at this point is near its confluence with the Loire. The town was fairly small (2,000 or so) for quite some time until it began to be absorbed into the greater suburbia of Nantes. As of 2019, it has about 7,200 inhabitants, a significant portion of which commute to Nantes. In general, the area is middle-class with a good portion of upper-middle class and upper-class homes, especially on the river banks.

Sucé-sur-Erdre is relatively well known in the area for its scenic river landscapes, and its many water sports opportunities, including fishing, sailing, windsurfing in Mazerolles (Funboard44), kayaking, and water skiing. It has essentially no industry, the main employer is a large convalescence home. There are many shops (butcher, baker, etc...) and one small supermarket.

Sucé-sur-Erdre has had few encounters with history, its greatest claim to fame being that the famous philosopher René Descartes spent some time there (although this is not very well documented). It has a few old houses, but the church is modern (late nineteenth century. There are many picturesque farm houses in the area, although they are disappearing quickly due to the accelerated modernization brought by the expansion of Nantes.

Population
The inhabitants of Sucé-sur-Erdre are called Sucéens.

Facts and statistics

 * Sister cities: Cricklade (United Kingdom), Kleinblittersdorf (Germany)
 * Climate: mild, often wet

title: Sucé-sur-Erdre


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Las Khorey

Las Qoray (Laasqoray, لاسقُرَى Lāsqoray) is a historic coastal town in the Sanaag region of Somaliland.

BBC reported in 2021, "The Navy or Somaliland Coast Guard is one of the military departments of Somaliland, operating on the coast of Somaliland in Las Qoray, Zeila and Berbera." Somaliland National TV (SLNTV) reported in its September 2023 broadcast that Las Qoray is a territory of Somaliland. Hiiraan Online reported in a January 2024 article, "Las Qoray is outside Hargeisa's control." Andrew Palmer, CEO of the maritime consultancy Idarat Ltd, describes Las Qoray as "on the north coast of Puntland" in 2014. Awet Tewelde Weldemichael, an associate professor at Queen's University, wrote in his book "Puntland coast between Las Qoray and Hafun" in 2019.

Ancient times
The Las Qoray settlement is several centuries old. Between the town and El Ayo lies Karinhegane, a site containing numerous cave paintings of both real and mythical animals. Each painting has an inscription below it, which collectively have been estimated to be around 2,500 years old. Around 25 mile from Las Qoray is found Gelweita, another key rock art site. Karinhegane's rock art is in the same distinctive Ethiopian-Arabian style as the Laas Gaal cave paintings.

Somaliland is home to numerous such archaeological sites, with similar edifices found at Haylan, Qa’ableh, Qombo'ul and El Ayo. However, many of these old structures have yet to be properly explored, a process which would help shed further light on local history and facilitate their preservation for posterity.

Medieval to Early Modern
In the 13th century, Dhidhin, chief of Warsangali, a branch of Darod, rose to power around now Las Qoray and took the title of Garaad as the monarch's title.

The town of Las Qoray began in 1735 when Al-sheikh Cali Maxamud Nuux of the Ugaslabe clan built a mosque and prospered through trade with Swahili, Zanzibar, Arabia, India, etc.

Mohamoud Ali Shire, who became Sultan of Warsangali at the end of the 19th century, made Las Qoray his base. However, there were several bases, and during the hot summer months, they were based in the cooler valleys in the south, away from the coast.

Modern
In 1986, executives from the American oil company Chevron visited Las Qoray at the request of the Somali government and found traces of oil.

The Somali Civil War broke out around 1988; in 1991, Somaliland declared the independence; in 1998, Puntland declared the establish. Both countries are stability relatively quickly, with Somaliland trying to expand its power to the east and Puntland to the west. The two sides engaged in a military confrontation around the Warsangali residential area (Puntland-Somaliland dispute.)

In April 2011, Puntland government arrested 16 pirates in Las Qoray.

In July 2011, a British research vessel was authorized by the Somaliland government to visit Las Khorey, but the stationed Puntland military refused.

Former president Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud (Siilaanyo) visited the town in March 2014 along with a delegation including then Minister of Health Suleiman Haglotosiye. The restoration of Las Qoray's industries, among them its famous tuna factory, as well as the planned construction of a hospital for the town was announced during the visit.

In 2017, voter registration for the 2017 Somaliland presidential election took place throughout Somaliland, but there were no registrations from Dhahar and Las Qoray districts.

In December 2019, flooding in the Las Qoray area caused missing people and flooded and isolated roads to and from surrounding neighborhoods.

In February 2020, Somaliland's Badhan Regional Governor Mohamud Hamd Omar visited Las Khorey district with Somaliland army. The Puntland army with Ali Hussein Somali, governor of Sanaag region of Puntland, attacked it.

During the conflict between July 2021 and November 2022, Las Qoray had the largest number of exodus in Sanaag. Meanwhile, in October 2021, the Somaliland government began the forced deportation of hundreds of people they defined as "non-Somalilanders" from some areas of Sanaag. However, it is reported that Las Qoray is very unlikely to be targeted.

In March 2023, Puntland's Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, in cooperation with Secure Fisheries, an agency working to develop the fishing industry, launched a Fisheries Partnership Management Program in the Las Qoray area.

Transportation
Las Qoray has a jetty-class seaport, the Port of Las Qoray. Horn Relief (now Adeso), an organization founded by Somali environmentalist Fatima Jibrell, began a project for the redevelopment of the 400-year-old seaport. The initiative was later taken up by Faisal Hawar, CEO of the Maakhir Resource Company. In 2012, he brokered an agreement with a Greek investment firm for the development of the commercial Las Qoray Port. A team of engineers was subsequently enlisted by the Puntland authorities to assess the ongoing renovations taking place at the seaport. According to the Minister of Ports, Saeed Mohamed Ragge, the Puntland government intends to launch more such development projects in Las Khorey.

The nearest airport to Las Qoray is the Bender Qassim International Airport in Bosaso.

Demographics
Las Qoray has a population of around 2,000 inhabitants. The broader Las Qoray area has a total population of 34,724 residents.

Economy
Las Qoray has long been an exporter of livestock, fish, produce, and frankincense. On the other hand, they imported rice, wheat, sugar, clothing, etc.

Canned tuna is well known and "Las Qoray" is accepted as like a trademark. In 1970, the Somali government built a fish cannery with a pier for fishing boats, and it became a major industry in Las Qoray. In addition to tuna, shark fins are also taken for export.

The factory, which had been shut down due to the Somali civil war, reopened in 2001, but was closed shortly after. The facility was modernized and reopened in 2007. At that time, there were 2,800 fishermen and factory workers. On August 12, Hodman Trading Company, a company in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, acquired the entire plant of Las Qoray. In 2012, it was reported that they were exporting to Yemen and the United Arab Emirates. In 2019, the BBC reports that fakes are on the market. Las Qoray's cannery will remain shut down as of April 2021.

Notable Resident

 * Farah Mohamed Jama Awl, author

title: Las Khorey


text:
User talk:TwentyQuestions

Twenty Questions
I noticed that someone had added a particularly interesting troll to one of the articles in the last 2 months. No one has noticed it yet (or if they have, they have not fixed it!). My contribution is that I will answer 20 questions with yes or no answers to help you find this troll. Good luck! TwentyQuestions 03:25, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * No thanks. We try not to feed trolls here. If you want to have a laugh and play games I' fine with that - but not when it involves vandalising articles.Theresa Knott (The snott rake) 09:09, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Dude! I think we are missing an opportunity to learn about this interesting troll! Don't let your pride get in the way Theresa, I'll kick it off - it can only benefit us to know what this troll is! Xtreme! 23:49, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Q.1 Xtreme! - Is this troll a deliberate error that has been introduced with humerous effect?

title: User talk:TwentyQuestions


text:
Alvin Larkins Park

Alvin Larkins Park is a park in the Madrona neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, located on the north side of E. Pike Street between 34th and 35th Avenues.

The land was purchased by the city in 1973 and made into a park in 1975. In 1979, it was named after Alvin Larkins, a resident of the neighborhood from 1949 until he died in 1977.

title: Alvin Larkins Park


text:
Talk:History of cryptography/to do

 * Illustrate. (Should be easy enough to find various pictures from more specific articles).

title: Talk:History of cryptography/to do


text:
Versata

Versata is a business-rules based application development environment running in Java EE. It is a subsidiary of Trilogy, Inc.

History
Versata started in the early 1990s as a software consulting company called Vision Software. Over time it developed and sold software for Microsoft Visual Basic development market. Around 1994, it began development of an integrated development environment for applications. It included a GUI builder and a business rules engine that enabled developers to create a Web application rapidly using MS SQL Server or Oracle in the backend. The product, called Vision Jade, was released around 1997. It was enhanced to support three tier applications and Java thin clients.

Vision Software changed its key product and company name to Versata, went public in March 2000 and, on that day, was worth an astonishing $4 billion—astonishing considering that the company had revenues of about $60 million and was losing a lot of money; but this was during the Dot-com bubble. Despite hard times, Versata has managed to stay alive and maintain its customer base.

In November 2000, Versata expanded into the business workflow area with the acquisition of Verve, Inc..

From early 2001 through mid-2003, Versata's revenues were in quarter over quarter decline until Alan Baratz took over as CEO. Five consecutive quarters of growth followed until early 2005 when revenues once again took a downward plunge.

Mid-2005 the company was notified by NASDAQ that it no longer met NASDAQ's requirements for continued listing, related to maintenance of a minimum amount of shareholder's equity, market value, or net income. Rather than continue to focus on these requirements, the company decided to move to the OTC (also known as the Pink Sheets) in order to remain publicly traded.

On 7 December 2005, Versata announced that Austin based Trilogy, Inc. had made an offer to acquire the company by tender. That deal was consummated in February 2006, taking the company private.

Trilogy then proceeded to merge portions of Trilogy, specifically, Trilogy Technology Group, into Versata and began acquiring further companies, reorganizing dramatically and offshoring most technical positions to its office in Bangalore, India.

From 2006 to 2008, Versata continued to make acquisitions mostly in US. Most of the employees in the acquired companies were laid -off with the majority work being offshored to its India office in Bangalore.

In early 2009, Versata made another major overhaul of its business model when it asked all its employees in India to work as contractors through oDesk for a gDev which is an entity incorporated by Trilogy to manage its outsourcing activities. The only employees left in Versata were the ones in US.

A jury in the Eastern District of Texas awarded Versata Software $139m following its decision that SAP infringed two of Versata's patents - U.S. Patent No. 6,553,350 and U.S. Patent No. 5,878,400. Sam Baxter, Ted Stevenson, Scott Cole and Steve Pollinger of McKool Smith represented Versata on this case. iRunway India Private Limited and NTrak LLC were the technical consultants and provided end-to-end litigation support to McKool Smith. The case has been rumbling on for a couple of years now, hinging on Versata-owned patents that cover mechanisms for pricing products. In January 2011, the judge in the case set aside the damages award, and ordered a new trial on damages.

In June, 2010, Versata filed an antitrust complaint against SAP AG. It alleges that SAP illegally excluded Versata from selling to vast majority of large ERP customers.

Acquisitions
On July 3, 2006, Versata acquired Artemis International Solutions Corporation, a provider of project and product portfolio management tools, including Artemis (software).

In September 2007, Versata acquired Nextance a provider of enterprise contract management solutions.

In November 2007, Versata acquired Gensym. Gensym is a provider of business rule engine software.

February 22, 2008 – Privately held Versata Enterprises, Inc. Announced the acquisition of NUVO Network Management Inc. Nuvo was a Canadian-based managed service provider/software provider.

February 25, 2008 - Versata acquired AlterPoint, a maker of Network Change and Configuration Management (NCCM) software.

March, 2008 - Versata acquired Tenfold Corporation. TenFold Corporation (OTC: TENF.OB)is a provider of EnterpriseTenFold SOA, an SOA-compliant, Ajax-enabled solutions framework for adding functionality to existing applications and building enterprise-scale applications.

In May 2008, Versata acquired Evolutionary Technologies International (ETI) and Clear Technologies.

On August 7, 2009 - Versata announced the acquisition of Everest Software, Inc. (Everest), a provider of retail and wholesale business management software.

On January 14, 2010 - Versata announced the acquisition of PurchasingNet, Inc. PurchasingNet, a Web-based provider of eProcurement, ePayables and Financial Management services and solutions to mid- and large-sized organizations.

title: Versata


text:
Helgalunden

Helgalund, Helgalunden, or Tjurberget, is a neighbourhood on the island Södermalm in Stockholm, Sweden. The picturesque area was designed by architect and city planner Per Olof Hallman, c. 1930.

The neighbourhood is located on the hill Tjurberget with parks in the north and south. At the centre of Helgalund is Allhelgonakyrkan, the "Church of all saints," in the grove Helgalunden, from which the area takes its name. The eight groves of Rosenlundsparken, Tjurbergsgatan, Blekingegatan, Götgatan, Dalslandsgatan, Tjurberget, Assesorsgatan, and Grindsgatan roughly make up the borders of the area.

Voting statistics
Helgalund is divided between the constituency|constituencies of Katarina 9-12 and the inhabitants tend to vote leftist:

In 2002:

 * 15-20% were for the Left Party in 2002
 * 25-35% were for the Social Democrats
 * 7-12% were for the Green Party.

Other groups:
 * Conservatives 11-18%
 * Liberals 14-20%
 * Christian Democrats 3-6%
 * Center Party 1-2%
 * Others 2-3%

Helgalund is home to the National Academy of Mime and Acting, as well as a bust of actress Greta Garbo.

title: Helgalunden


text: User talk:68.21.161.50

title: User talk:68.21.161.50


text:
Talk:Montes Apenninus

Article name
What is the correct name for this article and its subject? I have no problem with the good Latin plural word "Montes", but previous editors have not been unanimous about the second word, which looks like (and should be) an adjective.

Title currently "Montes Apenninus"; but article starts "Montes Appenines are a rugged mountain range on the northern part of the Moon's near side. They named for the Apennine Mountains in Italy."

The said Italian mountains are the subject of a WP article that starts "The Apennine Mountains (Italian: Appennini) stretch 1000 km ...".

Granted that Italians seem to double consonants from the original Latin, it all suggests to me that this page should use a plural (second-declension?) adjective and therefore be "Montes Apennini".

Some support for a second-declension adjective from Hyperdictionary apparently citing the 1913 Webster:
 * \Ap"en*nine\, a. [L. Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or ben, peak, mountain.]
 * Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy.

In favour of the current article name "Apenninus":
 * Lunar Republic Society (though Latin scholars might wonder whether its mind is too much on the future to care about Latin plurals)
 * Lunar and Planetary Institute (with an apparent scholarship that is not so easily dismissed)

If we agree on "Apenninus" despite its being a singular adjective to describe a plural, someone can fix the article.

(Don't bother looking at the Latin Wikipedia yet - its new substub on the subject is what got me here.)

Robin Patterson 00:10, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * According to this, Apenninus is a noun, and its use in the singular refers to the whole mountain range. I'd say in montes Apenninus it is an appositive, and is used correctly. Rwflammang (talk) 16:23, 28 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Here says: "Montes Apenninus (current IAU name; former IAU name: Apennines; informally: Apennine Mountains)". I think they didn´t invent that190.21.220.119 (talk) 23:45, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

bad link
The first reference link has gone bad. 99.251.239.140 (talk) 15:23, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Ground level photos?
Are there no good photos of the mountains from the Apollo 15 mission? Or maybe they aren't particularly visible from the surface? Nareek (talk) 19:02, 24 September 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Montes Apenninus


text:
Category:Airlines of the Netherlands

See Also: List of airlines and List of defunct airlines

title: Category:Airlines of the Netherlands


text:
Dorothée Berryman

Dorothée Berryman (born April 28, 1948) is a Canadian actress and singer from Quebec.

Career
Berryman appeared on stage while she was still a student at Laval University. Active since 1971, she pursued a career in musical theatre and television as a character actress and singer. She began to appear in films in the mid-1970s, her first significant role being the wife of the philandering husband played by Rémy Girard in The Decline of the American Empire (Le Déclin de l'empire américain), for which she received a Genie Award nomination. She appeared in The Red Violin, and reprised her character from Le Déclin in The Barbarian Invasions (Les Invasions barbares). She has also appeared in Scanners II: The New Order, Zigrail, Ice Cream, Chocolate and Other Consolations (Crème glacée, chocolat et autres consolations), The Comeback (Cabotins), French Immersion, Ciao Bella, Jack Paradise: Montreal by Night (Jack Paradise : Les nuits de Montréal) and Night Song.

She won the Jutra Award for Best Supporting Actress at the 13th Jutra Awards for The Comeback.

Fluently bilingual in French and English, Berryman has appeared in American productions, including the role of Mary Todd Lincoln in the 2000 television movie, Jackie Bouvier Kennedy Onassis. Berryman is also a jazz singer who has released two albums on La Tribu and hosted jazz programming on the Espace musique radio network.

title: Dorothée Berryman


text:
Gemonian stairs

The Gemonian Stairs (Scalae Gemoniae, Scale Gemonie) were a flight of steps located in the ancient city of Rome. Nicknamed the Stairs of Mourning, the stairs are infamous in Roman history as a place of execution.

Location
The steps were situated in the central part of Rome, leading from the Arx of the Capitoline Hill down to the Roman Forum. As viewed from the Forum, they passed down the Tabularium and the Temple of Concord on the left side, and past the Mamertine Prison on the right side. It is believed that the location of the steps roughly coincides with the current Via di San Pietro in Carcere, past the ruins of the Mamertine Prison.

It is believed the stairs were built some time before the rule of Tiberius (14–37), as they were not mentioned by name in any ancient texts that predate this period. Their first use as a place of execution is primarily associated with the rumoured paranoid excesses of Tiberius' later reign.

Executions
The condemned were usually strangled before their bodies were bound and desecrated. Occasionally the corpses of the executed were transferred here for display from other places of execution in Rome. Corpses were usually left to rot on the staircase for extended periods of time in full view of the Forum, scavenged by dogs or other carrion animals, until eventually being thrown into the Tiber.

Death on the stairs was considered extremely dishonourable and dreadful, yet several senators and even an emperor met their demise here. Among the most famous who were executed on this spot were the prefect of the Praetorian Guard Lucius Aelius Sejanus and the emperor Vitellius. Sejanus was a former confidant of emperor Tiberius who was implicated in a conspiracy in AD 31. According to Cassius Dio, Sejanus was strangled and cast down the Gemonian stairs, where the mob abused his corpse for three days. Soon after, his three children were similarly executed in this place.

Vitellius was a Roman general who became the third emperor in the so-called Year of the Four Emperors in AD 69. He succeeded Otho upon his suicide on 16 April, but lived to be emperor for only eight months. When his armies were defeated by those of Vespasian he agreed to surrender, but the Praetorian Guard refused to let him leave the city. On the entrance of Vespasian's troops into Rome he was dragged out of his hiding place, driven to the Gemonian stairs and struck down. His last words were "Yet I was once your Emperor".

On those same stairs, Decebalus's head was thrown along with his right hand in AD 106.

Similar places
During Republican times, the Tarpeian Rock, a steep cliff at the southern summit of the Capitoline Hill, was used for similar purposes. Murderers and traitors, if convicted by the quaestores parricidii, were flung from the cliff to their deaths. Infants who suffered from significant mental or physical disabilities sometimes suffered the same fate, as they were thought to have been cursed by the gods.

title: Gemonian stairs