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Peri Brown

Perpugilliam “Peri” Brown, is a fictional character played by Nicola Bryant in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

An American botany major from Fell's Point in Baltimore, Maryland, Peri is a companion of the Fifth (Peter Davison) and Sixth Doctor (Colin Baker) and a regular in the programme from 1984 to 1986, appearing in a total of 11 stories (collectively made up of 33 episodes).

Getting the part
English drama student Nicola Bryant had been spotted by an agent in a production of the musical comedy No, No Nanette at her drama school, the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, which was the last show she did before leaving the school. She had performed with an American accent during the show, and having mistaken her for a real American, the agent took note of "one American...". In less than a week after leaving the school, he phoned her up and secured her an audition for Doctor Who.

Bryant thought it was "extraordinary" and "surreal" to be called up out of the blue for a part. The actress did a series of auditions with the producer John Nathan-Turner and the script editor Eric Saward. Initially thinking she had "nothing to lose", she enjoyed the experience and only expected to be offered a small part at most, but became nervous as she got closer to securing the role of Peri.

The accent
Nathan-Turner was only auditioning Americans, and the British actress had to feign an American accent during the process. The agent had promised to tell the production that Bryant was British if she was successful, but this was ultimately unfulfilled.

As part of her contract, Bryant was required to use her American accent in all public places, barring the local pop to the supermarket; this included BBC canteens and rehearsal rooms. The young actress simply "got on with it" throughout her entire run on the show and later described it as the "longest role [she] ever played".

Bryant revealed her British accent to Colin Baker at a dinner party; after his departure, Baker revealed her non-American origins to the newspapers, which he described as "doing [her] a favour". Decades later, Bryant finds that her American accent can still subconsciously slip into conversation, and noted that fans are often still surprised to discover that she is not American.

Makeup and costume
Announcing the new companion, John Nathan-Turner said of Peri, "She'll often be wearing leotards and bikinis. A lot of Dads watch Doctor Who and I'm sure they will like Nicola." Bryant derided the costume that she wore on Doctor Who. She remembered consistently having her buttocks tapped while walking through the BBC lot, and that she would have to laugh and say "thank you" in response then walk a little faster or duck into the bathroom. She recalled a four to five-hour makeup process for Mindwarp (1986) being artificially sped up by the makeup department, leading to the prosthetic being ripped from her face; while shooting in the sun the following days, her face was unbearably sore. The skimpy outfit she wore in her first story Planet of Fire (1984), while appropriate for the Mediterranean weather of its setting, was inappropriate for British winter and caused her to get frostbite and pneumonia.

The character
As her first job after leaving drama school, Bryant expected to receive a character sheet to give her a window into Peri's backstory. After not receiving one, she opted to write one herself, expecting Nathan-Turner to have it incorporated into the scripts, which he did not do. She initially felt that a companion must either be an adrenaline junkie or someone running from their past, because otherwise once someone realises how dangerous the Doctor's travels are, all they would want to do is go back, and also noted that in real life a person finding themselves in the companion's situation would have a nervous breakdown early on. Taking this into consideration, Bryant decided that it was Peri's choice to join the Doctor, that she was so miserable in the life she had on Earth that she wanted to do it, and that she would take on some of the Doctor's strength and courage throughout their adventures.

Similarly to previous companions, Peri's role was often perfunctory in nature, running off and getting in trouble so that the Doctor could save her. For this purposes of enjoying the adventures, the actress was required to "sugarcoat the trauma" of the character nearly dying each episode. To avoid any suggestion of a romantic relationship, Bryant played to the Fifth Doctor as a father figure; she had devised that he was reminiscent of Peri's deceased father, a touch that was never shown on-screen but that Nathan-Turner approved of. Bryant did not like the way that Peri was written in Timelash (1985) as she felt that she bore no resemblance to the character she had started out with, and felt it was unnecessary that during her time on the show she spent "three out of four episodes" tied-up. Bryant said the story "harked back to the 60s, where basically the companion gets tied up and left somewhere to scream a lot."

Time on the show
Bryant started filming in September 1983. The director of Planet of Fire, Fiona Cumming, encouraged her to observe and learn from Peter Davison. Bryant had the possibility of a three-year contract and expected to be working with Davison during this time, so was shocked that she would be working alongside a new lead actor after just two stories, and particularly shocked at only learning this over the news. Bryant noted that this abrupt change meant she was not able to "settle in".

Bryant found out about the show being put on hiatus in 1985 through a phone call after returning home from Venice. A Daily Mirror journalist asked for her thoughts on the "death of Doctor Who", leaving her thinking that Baker had died.

Leaving the show
When Bryant's contract was coming to an end, Nathan-Turner asked her how she would like Peri to be written out of the show. She advised that she did not want to shake hands and say a generic line such as "bye Doctor, I'll send you a postcard", and that she wanted a dramatic storyline to "go out with a bang". She was pleased with Philip Martin's "powerful" Mindwarp storyline involving a mind transplant and a bald head sequence. She was displeased, however, with the retcon at the end of the season which suggested that Peri had married King Yrcanos (Brian Blessed), as she and Blessed had not played any romantic interaction between the two characters. She feels that the explanation of what happened to Peri in the Big Finish audio story Peri and the Piscon Paradox (2011) was preferable and should be considered canon.

Critical reception
Digital Spy felt that her demise was "the most dramatic and heart-stopping exit by a Doctor Who companion ever".

Legacy
Bryant's first convention was in November 1983, just a few months after she started shooting, despite having no footage to show. She later described the experience as a hysteria on par with Beatlemania. She required a bodyguard and stayed in a huge hotel suite. A man fainted after noticing her. At a later convention, she recalled a disabled man giving her a stuffed dog as a gift and describing Peri as his best friend. Bryant would later quasi-reprise her role as Peri in the form of 'Miss Brown' in the BBV video series The Stranger, which co-starred Colin Baker as the titular Doctor-inspired role. She has also acknowledged that the bluntness of Peri's death upset many fans of the show.

During a convention in 2017, Bryant discussed the positive impact that her time on Doctor Who has had on her life: She has been able to travel the world and make close friendships because of the show, and expressed that she never expected it to become such a huge part of her life. She stated that there is not one of her stories that she would not wish to reshoot, noting her respect for The Caves of Androzani (1984) as a whole piece and believed the themes in Vengeance on Varos (1985) were still relevant. She also explained that the backstory of later companion Rose Tyler, the first companion of the revived series which began in 2005, was very reminiscent of the backstory she had constructed for Peri.

Character history
Peri first appeared in the Fifth Doctor serial Planet of Fire, in which she encountered the Doctor and Turlough on the island of Lanzarote. After an encounter with the Master and the shape-changing android Kamelion (who disguises himself as her stepfather, Professor Howard Foster), Peri asked to join the Fifth Doctor on his travels, while Turlough departed to return to his home planet of Trion. (The identity of Peri's mother was not revealed in the televised series - but see below.)

By the end of the Fifth Doctor's final story The Caves of Androzani, both The Doctor and Peri were suffering from spectrox poisoning, and so the Fifth Doctor decided to give what antidote remains to Peri, sacrificing himself to save her. As she looks on, he regenerates into the Sixth Doctor, and she continued to travel with him, despite the temporarily unstable Doctor attempting to strangle her after his transformation (in his debut story The Twin Dilemma).

Peri is a bright and spirited young woman, an undergraduate and thus likely around twenty years of age, who travelled with The Doctor because, like many of his companions, she wanted to see the universe. Although she shared a more abrasive relationship with the Sixth Doctor, there was an undercurrent of affection in their verbal sparring.

Peri travelled with The Doctor for an undisclosed period of time; some sources say she travelled with him for mere months, while others say years. Between the events of Revelation of the Daleks and the season-long story The Trial of a Time Lord, her character was shown to have matured somewhat (coinciding with an 18-month production break between the two stories) and her relationship with The Doctor became less combative.

In the second segment of the Trial story arc, Mindwarp, Peri was abducted by an arthropod-like creature named Kiv, who apparently transplanted his brain into her body. Soon after, The Doctor was led to believe that Peri was dead, and was severely distressed by this. It was later revealed, at the end of The Ultimate Foe (the fourth segment of the arc), that the evidence of Peri's death was faked by the Valeyard. In fact, Peri had survived, and been saved by - whilst also marrying - King Yrcanos of Thoros Alpha, a warrior king who had assisted the Doctor and Peri in Mindwarp. It is not known what happened to Peri after she married King Yrcanos.

Other appearances
Peri has the distinction of being the first humanoid television companion to appear in the comic strip within Doctor Who Magazine; previously the strip, which began in 1979, depicted The Doctor either travelling alone or with companions created for the strip, while the robotic television companion K9 was featured in several DWM comic strips featuring the Fourth Doctor). Her first appearance was in "Funhouse Part 1" (DWM #102) in which she appeared in two panels as a scantily clad apparition manifested by a villain. Two issues later, in "Kane's Story Part 1" (DWM #104), she became a regular character in the strip, initially travelling with both the Sixth Doctor and his shape-shifting companion, Frobisher and continuing until the final part of "Up Above the Gods" in DWM #129. "Kane's Story" established that, at one point during her travels with the Sixth Doctor, Peri left the TARDIS for reasons left unrevealed and went to live in New York City where she took a job in an office, a job she angrily quit for reasons also unrevealed just prior to encountering The Doctor again and voluntarily rejoining him.

The epilogue to the Target Books novelisation of Mindwarp, written by Philip Martin, stated that Peri returned to the 20th Century with King Yrcanos where the latter became a professional wrestler. This tongue-in-cheek conclusion was not reflected in any televised story, and is generally ignored by fandom.

In the Marvel Comics graphic novel The Age of Chaos, written by Colin Baker, Peri lived out her life on Krontep as Queen Consort of Yrcanos and has at least three grandchildren, who are principal characters in the story.

The Virgin New Adventures novel Bad Therapy by Matthew Jones reveals that, although becoming the wife of King Yrcanos, Peri blamed The Doctor for abandoning her. In the novel, the Seventh Doctor made peace with Peri after she found her way back to Earth through a temporal rift on Krontep, and returned her to her time.

The Telos novella Shell Shock by Simon A. Forward reveals that Peri had been sexually abused by her stepfather. This is hinted at in the Past Doctor Adventures novel Synthespians™ by Craig Hinton, which also reveals that her parents were Janine and Paul Brown, and that her father died in a boating accident when she was thirteen. She has two step-siblings from her mother's marriage to Foster.

Bryant voiced the character of Peri in several audio plays produced by Big Finish Productions, alongside both Peter Davison as the Fifth Doctor and Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor. In several of these stories, the Fifth Doctor and Peri are joined by another companion, the Egyptian princess Erimem. The Sixth Doctor audio play The Reaping introduces Peri's mother, Janine Foster, played by American actress Claudia Christian (although in reality, Christian is five years younger than Nicola Bryant). The play, set in 1984 as the Doctor takes Peri back to her time to attend the funeral of the father of a friend of hers, confirms Peri's late father's name as Paul and mentions that Howard and Janine Foster have gone their separate ways, but does not mention Peri's step-siblings. After The Doctor and Peri thwart a Cyberman attempt to set up a conversion factory in Baltimore, Peri plans to stay with her family, but Janine is subsequently killed due to an accident involving remaining Cyber-technology, cutting Peri's last familial tie to Earth and prompting her to return to her travels with The Doctor when he comes to visit her at her mother's grave.

In the audio play Her Final Flight, the Sixth Doctor finds Peri on a remote planet, where she apparently dies of a virus, although it is revealed that the entire story was part of a fantasy designed to make The Doctor kill himself.

Another audio play, Peri and the Piscon Paradox, states that the Time Lords made several adjustments to her time line, resulting in at least five alternate versions of Peri with different fates, including one that thought she never travelled in the TARDIS but instead moved to California and eventually hosted a chat show called The Queen of Worries after divorcing her abusive childhood sweetheart.

In the later audio The Widow's Assassin, The Doctor travels to Krontep to attend Peri's wedding, only be locked up for abandoning her. However, despite apparently spending five years in prison, The Doctor actually spends that time carrying out a complex long-term investigation into the death of King Yrcanos shortly after the wedding, eventually learning that 'Peri' is actually possessed by The Doctor's childhood imaginary enemy, Mandrake the Lizard King, who was 'extracted' from The Doctor's mind when he was exposed to Crozier's equipment. After transferring himself into Peri's body to expel Mandrake, The Doctor and Peri return to their true bodies and resume their travels together. In Masters of Earth, they arrive on Earth during the Dalek occupation, a year before the events of The Dalek Invasion of Earth from Earth's perspective, forcing The Doctor to help a future famous rebel figure escape without compromising history. In The Rani Elite, The Doctor and Peri visit a famous university and are nearly caught in a trap set by a version of the Rani who has already experienced the events of Time and the Rani; the crisis ends with Peri receiving an honorary degree in botany to accompany The Doctor's honorary degree in moral philosophy.

Future show runner Steven Moffat mentions an unnamed 'Warrior Queen on Thoros Beta' in his 1996 short story, "Continuity Errors".

Bryant played the role of 'Miss Brown' in the first three instalments of the BBV video series The Stranger, opposite Colin Baker in the title role; although her character was never explicitly identified as being Peri (much as The Stranger was never directly linked to The Doctor), there are nonetheless similarities in the two characters, with one major difference: Bryant used her natural English accent for Miss Brown, rather than affecting an American accent as she did with Peri.

Television

 * Season 21

 * Planet of Fire
 * The Caves of Androzani
 * The Twin Dilemma

 * Season 22

 * Attack of the Cybermen
 * Vengeance on Varos
 * The Mark of the Rani
 * The Two Doctors
 * Timelash
 * Revelation of the Daleks

 * Season 23 - The Trial of a Time Lord

 * The Mysterious Planet
 * Mindwarp
 * The Ultimate Foe (cameo)

 * 30th anniversary special
 * Dimensions in Time
 * 2023 specials
 * Tales of the TARDIS: Vengeance on Varos

Audio dramas

 * BBC Radio
 * Slipback

 * Doctor Who: The Monthly Adventures

 * Fifth Doctor
 * Red Dawn
 * The Eye of the Scorpion
 * The Church and the Crown
 * Nekromanteia
 * The Axis of Insanity
 * The Roof of the World
 * Three's a Crowd
 * The Council of Nicaea
 * The Kingmaker
 * Exotron & Urban Myths
 * Son of the Dragon
 * The Mind's Eye & Mission of the Viyrans
 * The Bride of Peladon

 * Sixth Doctor
 * Whispers of Terror
 * ...ish
 * The Reaping
 * Year of the Pig
 * Recorded Time and Other Stories
 * 1963: The Space Race
 * Breaking Bubbles and Other Stories
 * The Widow's Assassin
 * Masters of Earth
 * The Rani Elite
 * Memories of a Tyrant
 * Emissary of the Daleks
 * Harry Houdini's War
 * Blood on Santa's Claw and Other Stories
 * Plight of the Pimpernel

 * Doctor Who: The Sixth Doctor Adventures

 * Her Final Flight
 * Cryptobiosis
 * The Sixth Doctor and Peri: Volume One
 * The Headless Ones
 * Like
 * The Vanity Trap
 * Conflict Theory
 * The Quin Dilemma
 * Escape from Holy Island
 * The Thousand Year Thaw
 * The Firstborn

 * Doctor Who: The Lost Stories

 * The Nightmare Fair
 * Mission to Magnus
 * Leviathan
 * The Hollows of Time
 * Paradise 5
 * Point of Entry
 * The Song of Megaptera
 * The Macros
 * The Guardians of Prophecy
 * Power Play
 * The First Sontarans
 * The Ultimate Evil

 * Doctor Who: Special Releases

 * The Veiled Leopard
 * Destiny of the Doctor: Trouble in Paradise
 * The Light at the End

 * Doctor Who: The Companion Chronicles
 * Peri and the Piscon Paradox

 * Doctor Who: Short Trips

 * Fifth Doctor
 * Wet Walls
 * A Room with No View
 * Rulebook
 * The Meaning of Red

 * Sixth Doctor
 * Seven to One
 * Murmurs of Earth
 * To Cut a Blade of Grass
 * The Shadows of Serenity
 * Prime Winner
 * The Authentic Experience
 * Under ODIN's Eye
 * Not Forgotten

Novels

 * Make Your Own Adventure
 * Crisis in Space by Michael Holt
 * Virgin Missing Adventures
 * State of Change by Christopher Bulis
 * Burning Heart by Dave Stone
 * Virgin New Adventures
 * Bad Therapy by Matthew Jones
 * Past Doctor Adventures
 * Players by Terrance Dicks
 * Grave Matter by Justin Richards
 * Superior Beings by Nick Walters
 * Palace of the Red Sun by Christopher Bulis
 * Warmonger by Terrance Dicks
 * Blue Box by Kate Orman
 * Synthespians™ by Craig Hinton
 * Telos Doctor Who novellas
 * Shell Shock by Simon A. Forward
 * Blood and Hope by Iain McLaughlin

Short stories

 * "Fascination" by David J. Howe (Decalog)
 * "Timeshare" by Vanessa Bishop (Decalog 2: Lost Property)
 * "Moon Graffiti" by Dave Stone (More Short Trips)
 * "Hot Ice" by Christopher Bulis (More Short Trips)
 * "A Town Called Eternity" by Lance Parkin and Mark Clapham (Short Trips and Sidesteps)
 * "Turnabout is Fair Play" by Graeme Burk (Short Trips and Sidesteps)
 * "Reunion" by David Carroll (Doctor Who Magazine #191)
 * "Vigil" by Michael Collier (Out of the Darkness)
 * "Five Card Draw" by Todd Green (Short Trips: Zodiac)
 * "The Stabber" by Alison Lawson (Short Trips: Zodiac)
 * "The Canvey Angels" by David Bailey (Short Trips: Companions)
 * "Light at the End of the Tunnel" by Mark Wright (Short Trips: Steel Skies)
 * "The Ruins of Heaven" by Marc Platt (Short Trips: Steel Skies)
 * "CHAOS" by Eric Saward (Short Trips: Past Tense)
 * "Graham Dilley Saves The World" by Iain McLaughlin and Claire Bartlett (Short Trips: Past Tense)
 * "A Star is Reborn" by Richard Salter (Short Trips: Life Science)
 * "The Reproductive Cycle" by Matthew Griffiths (Short Trips: Life Science)
 * "The Gangster's Story" by Jon de Burgh Miller (Short Trips: Repercussions)
 * "Categorical Imperative" by Simon Guerrier (Short Trips: Monsters)
 * "Trapped!" by Joseph Lidster (Short Trips: Monsters)
 * "Telling Tales" by David Bailey (Short Trips: Seven Deadly Sins)
 * "A Life in the Day" by Xanna Eve Chown (Short Trips: A Day in the Life)
 * "Far Away in a Manger" by Iain McLaughlin (Short Trips: The Ghosts of Christmas)
 * "The Stars Our Contamination" by Steven Savile (Short Trips: The Ghosts of Christmas)
 * "Methuselah" by George Mann (Short Trips: Transmissions)
 * "See No Evil" by Steve Lyons (Short Trips: Transmissions)
 * "Return on Investment" by Rachel Steffan (Shelf Life)
 * "Of Eden Stood Disconsolate" by Rachel Simpson Hutchens (Shelf Life)
 * "Something Borrowed" by Richelle Mead (Doctor Who 12 Doctors 12 Stories)

Comics

 * "Kane's Story" / "Abel's Story" / "The Warrior's Story" / "Frobisher's Story" by Max Stockbridge and John Ridgway (Doctor Who Magazine 104–107
 * "Exodus" / "Revelation" / "Genesis" by Alan McKenzie and John Ridgway (Doctor Who Magazine 108–110)
 * "Nature of the Beast" by Simon Furman and John Ridgway (Doctor Who Magazine 111–113)
 * "Time Bomb" by Jamie Delano and John Ridgway (Doctor Who Magazine 114–116)
 * "Salad Daze" by Simon Furman and John Ridgway (Doctor Who Magazine 117)
 * "Changes" by Grant Morrison and John Ridgway (Doctor Who Magazine 118–119)
 * "Profits of Doom" by Mike Collins, John Ridgway and Tim Perkins (Doctor Who Magazine 120–122)
 * "The Gift" by Jamie Delano, John Ridgway and Tim Perkins (Doctor Who Magazine 123–126)
 * "The World Shapers" by Grant Morrison, John Ridgway and Tim Perkins (Doctor Who Magazine 127–129)
 * "Emperor of the Daleks" by Paul Cornell, John Freeman and John Ridgway (Doctor Who Magazine 197; cameo)
 * "The Curse of the Scarab" by Alan Barnes and Martin Geraghty (Doctor Who Magazine 228–230)
 * "Ground Zero" by Scott Gray, Martin Geraghty and Bambos Georgiou (Doctor Who Magazine 238–242)

Legacy
Peri Lomax, a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, played by Ruby O'Donnell, was named after Peri.

title: Peri Brown


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Common snook

The common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) is a species of marine fish in the family Centropomidae of the order Perciformes. The common snook is also known as the sergeant fish or robalo. It was originally assigned to the sciaenid genus Sciaena; Sciaena undecimradiatus and Centropomus undecimradiatus are obsolete synonyms for the species.

One of the largest snooks, C. undecimalis grows to a maximum overall length of 140 cm. The common length is 50 cm. The IGFA world record is 24.32 kg caught in Parismina Ranch, Costa Rica, by Rafael Montalvo. Of typical centropomid form, it possesses drab coloration except for a distinctive black lateral line. It can also have bright yellow pelvic and caudal fins, especially during spawn.

Reproductive ecology
The common snook is a protandric hermaphrodite fish species. Its spawning season spans from April to October. The peak spawning occurs during July and August. Spawning typically occurs in near-shore waters with high salinities. Following the spawning period, the juveniles then migrate to the brackish waters of the nearby estuarine environments. When these juveniles mature, they return to the higher-salinity waters of the open ocean to join the breeding population.

Habitat ecology
The common snook is an estuarine and freshwater-dependent fish species. Within estuaries, juvenile common snook are most often found inhabiting areas such as coastal wetland ponds, island networks, and creeks. Despite being a euryhaline species of fish, the common snook shows a tendency to gravitate towards lower-salinity conditions in the early stages of its life. By being able to adapt and thrive in both high- and low-salinity conditions through osmoregulation, common snook display a high level of habitat plasticity.

Common snook are opportunistic predators whose feeding habits indicate a positive relationship between their size and the size of their prey, meaning that as the snook grows, it feeds on larger and larger prey. Common snook occasionally engage in cannibalism. This usually occurs during the winter when adults and juveniles are in close proximity to one another within their estuarine habitats. This form of cannibalism where the juveniles are fed on by the adults is referred to as intercohort cannibalism. The adult common snook that cannibalize juveniles most likely target them because the juveniles may be the largest of the available prey, so are nutritionally efficient to prey upon.

Physiological ecology
Common snook, like many species of fish, are very in tune with their environments. Even a slight change in their surroundings can have a significant impact on their behavior. For example, common snook are able to determine when to start and stop spawning based on the temperature and salinity of the water they inhabit, the amount of rainfall in the area, and whether or not the moon is full.

In some cases, disturbances in their environment can have very negative effects on the snook population. One example is the devastating results of a cold snap. Snook are very susceptible to cold temperatures, with the effects ranging from the complete halt of all feeding at a water temperature of 14.2 C, to the loss of equilibrium at 12.7 C, to death at a temperature of 12.5 C. A cold snap in January 2010 resulted in a 41.88% decline in nominal abundance of the common snook population in southwest Florida from the previous year and a 96-97% decrease in apparent survival estimates.

Distribution and habitat
C. undecimalis is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, from the coast of the North Carolina to Brazil including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Snook likely originated in Central America, and changes in the Earth's climate brought the snook to Florida. During a great warming trend after the Ice Age, snook moved northward along the Mexico shoreline. They followed the perimeter of the Gulf of Mexico, along the west and east coasts of Florida.

Massive snook are found in Central America, although they seem to look a little different because of the weather and water quality, but they are the same. No restrictions exist in most of Central America on the size or quantity of snook one can keep, consequently many locals have been keeping and killing these large snook for quite a while. Occurring in shallow coastal waters (up to 20 m in depth), estuaries and lagoons, the fish often enter fresh water. They are carnivorous, with a diet dominated by smaller fishes, and crustaceans such as shrimp, and occasionally crabs.

Due to their limited cold tolerance, snook have been physiologically restricted from inhabiting temperate climates. In Florida, northern limits in their geographic range have historically been Tarpon Springs along the Gulf Coast and Cape Canaveral on the east coast. Over the past 15 years, snook have extended their range as far north as the Suwannee River Estuary (~29°N), where an exponential increase in their population has occurred. Warmer winter temperatures resulting from climate change has been suggested as a likely cause. There may be potential food-web effects, particularly for sea trout (Cynoscion species), related to the snook colonization.

Human interest
Three United States Navy submarines have been named for this species, USS Robalo (SS-273) and USS Snook (SS-279) in the Second World War and USS Snook (SSN-592) in the 1950s.

Considered an excellent food fish, the common snook is fished commercially and foreign-caught fish are sold in the US. When cooking snook, the skin must be removed, because it imparts an unpleasant taste, described as soapy, to the fish.

Snook are prized as game fish, being known for their great fighting capabilities. The IGFA all-tackle world record for common snook stands at 53 lb caught by Gilbert Ponzi near Parismina Ranch, Costa Rica. Previous world records were caught in Fort Myers, Florida, and Gatun Spillway Canal Zone, Panama.

Anglers regularly use a variety of lures to catch snook. Common lures include jerkbaits, bucktail jigs, topwater lures, spoons, and live bait.

Protection in Florida Gulf Coast
"At the June 2012 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) meeting, Commissioners voted to keep the recreational harvest of snook in Gulf of Mexico waters closed through Aug. 31, 2013. This closure will offer the species additional protection after a 2010 cold kill detrimentally affected the population. Snook closed to harvest in Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic waters in January 2010 after a severe cold kill affected snook population number."

All snook were "catch-and-release only" in the Gulf of Mexico until August 31, 2013. At that time, the FWC could choose to open or close snook harvest for another season. The commercial harvest or sale of snook is prohibited by the same regulations.

At the June 2013 FWC meeting, commissioners voted to let the recreational harvest of snook reopen in Gulf of Mexico waters from September 1 that year. The next stock assessment for snook was scheduled for 2015, but had not yet occurred as of June 2016, effectively leaving the fish under a protected status.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Common snook


text: Category:1275 births

title: Category:1275 births


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Paul Culliford

Paul Culliford was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Generic vanity. Listed as CSD for being NPOV; interesting precedent that would be. --fvw *  08:29, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)

 * Delete.-gadfium (talk) 08:30, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Any way to speedy-delete, since it seems to be an insulting article about a private individual? -- Jmabel | Talk 09:07, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * You're free to NPOV the article even though it's on VfD...  --fvw *  09:18, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * Looks like a personal attack to me. No place for that here. Speedy delete. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 10:33, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. After removing the personal attack, there wasn't a lot left. Andrewa 17:30, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 20:20, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete, because very short article with no context AND the current revision beeing the best availiable. --Wikimol 23:36, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, no context, stub. Wyss 00:05, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedily deleted with the reason "After removing nonsense and personal attacks, the only content left is a clear CSD#4." SWAdair | Talk  08:52, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User:Hyskoa

Hyskoa

in manji it means "secret" or "misterious"

My Profile

I can mingle with the socialites anywhere and I can relate with the folks of the squatter's area. I am conservative and yet open to all ideas. I like being with kids and I do not forget the wisdom of the old. I am not only a teacher to my students but also a friend. I am not that tall but I have a big heart. I like studying cultures of the world but I am proud to be for what I am. I can attend a Saturday gimmick and not fail to serve in a Sunday mass. When the adversity comes, I'd rather be myself than be a hypocrite. I am not that popular but I am successful.

Manipulate not my actions for I who choose to destined my fate..."

- Hyskoa

title: User:Hyskoa


text: Category:410 deaths

title: Category:410 deaths


text:
Talk:Colin Cowdrey

Untitled
Link re. my edit on December 19, 2004. Hope this shows up properly !

http://statserver.cricket.org/guru/?sdb=compare;playerid=998;class=testplayer;filter=basic;team=0;opposition=0;notopposition=0;season=0;homeaway=0;continent=0;country=0;notcountry=0;groundid=0;startdefault=1954-11-26;start=1954-11-26;enddefault=1975-02-13;end=1975-02-13;tourneyid=0;finals=0;daynight=0;toss=0;scheduledovers=0;scheduleddays=0;innings=0;result=0;followon=0;seriesresult=0;captain=0;keeper=0;dnp=0;recent=;runslow=;runshigh=;batposition=0;dismissal=0;bowposition=0;ballslow=;ballshigh=;bpof=0;overslow=;overshigh=;conclow=;conchigh=;wicketslow=;wicketshigh=;dismissalslow=;dismissalshigh=;caughtlow=;caughthigh=;caughttype=0;stumpedlow=;stumpedhigh=;viewtype=com_compare;csearch=gs%20sobers;cplayerid=985;comparetype=bat_chronological;compare=1;.cgifields=cplayerid;.cgifields=comparetype

Tintin

Colin Cowdrey lecture
Would it be possible to make mention of the Colin Cowdrey lecture and when it was started? Paddyman1989 22:44, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Colin Cowdrey.jpg
Image:Colin Cowdrey.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:21, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Colin Cowdrey.jpg
Image:Colin Cowdrey.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 10:22, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Test centuries
Per Articles for deletion/List of international cricket centuries by Colin Cowdrey, the consensus, despite my misgivings, was to merge the list of Test centuries. I've done so, cutting down the massive amounts of over detail in the list. I'm not convinced that either of the other lists of stats really belongs on this page and would welcome any discussion about this. Blue Square Thing (talk) 09:51, 6 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I completely agree and, per WP:BOLD, I'm removing the other two tables. We'll have to keep the merged one. Frankly, the entire article should be gutted and started all over again. I see it was "created" by the same person who was guilty of the copyvios that caused the removal of the MCC 1962–63 tour article (now red-linked in this one) and three other articles: I wouldn't be at all surprised to find more copyvios in this one. Bc  Jvs  UTC 08:55, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

Location
Ernest Cowdrey had been born in Calcutta, moved to India to run a tea plantation...
 * But Calcutta was in India. Valetude (talk) 21:56, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Colin Cowdrey


text: Category:1276 births

title: Category:1276 births


text: Category:1279 births

title: Category:1279 births


text:
Talk:Seattle Center

Picture
I reduced the prominence of User:Jkl sem's picture in this article to something more like what we normally have; I'm not sure it's the best picture to illustrate the article though. (1) It is a bit too much of a tourist snapshot, what with the guy posing in front of the building. (2) Seattle Center actually has some pretty notable architecture (the Space Needle, EMP, the Pacific Science Center), but I would not say that Center House (a former armory converted to a food court, some theaters, conference rooms, and offices) is of much visual interest at all. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:32, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

Century 21 Exposition
I'm working heavily on Century 21 Exposition. If someone wants to expand this article, I suspect that a number of the sources I am using there would be helpful. - Jmabel | Talk 00:55, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

 * FWIW, I did a lot there. That is now a "good article". I just now found a fascinating source that I have added as an external link here and there: "Seattle Center", p. 18–24 in Survey Report: Comprehensive Inventory of City-Owned Historic Resources, Seattle, Washington, Department of Neighborhoods (Seattle) Historic Preservation, offers an extremely detailed account of the history of the buildings and grounds. It would be very worthwhile to "mine" it for background. I'm not sure quite how it should be parceled between the two articles, but I'd say that up to and including 1962 belongs in the Exposition article and post-1962 here, with a cross-reference to the relevant section for the earlier history. Any objections? - Jmabel | Talk 00:29, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

New aerial photo
I recently uploaded an aerial photo of a portion of Seattle Center, below. Feel free to use if useful. Dcoetzee 09:57, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

International Fountain
The article says the International Fountain was built for the 1962 World's Fair. I'm pretty certain that the present fountain is not the one from 1962, and that the original was replaced after an adult playing in the fountain had a serious injury. The original had extruding pipes; the current fountain does not. - Jmabel | Talk 23:25, 30 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, there was an extensive remodel, late 80s? It's a continuation of the same, it isn't wrong to say it was built for the fair, but it should say the current version is a re-model. Would be awesome to have pics of both.  The bowl was changed quite a bit as well.  This one is deeper, the previous was steeper (and I don't think it had ramps) SchmuckyTheCat (talk)
 * (no, no ramps, and the climb down was stones, not just concrete, stones ) SchmuckyTheCat (talk)

Skatepark
The new skatepark is located on 2nd and Thomas. It opens july 11th. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.102.189.164 (talk) 18:34, 5 July 2009 (UTC)

Public art

 * https://www.seattlecenter.com/explore/arts/public-art

--- Another Believer ( Talk ) 03:15, 9 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seattle Center


text: Category:478 births

title: Category:478 births


text: Category:573 deaths

title: Category:573 deaths


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Talk:Supreme Court of India

Why is America, a first-world country, still using paper ballots for the US Presidential Elections? Here is a brief history and reasons as to why Americans still cast their votes for presidential elections via paper ballots, and not by electronic voting.

@ In Short Reports have it that Americans feel safer in using paper ballots. Printed ballots started in the US long after Revolutionary War. Only form of e-voting in the US is via email or fax. In two days, the United States of America with have a new President. High chances are that it will be either Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump. If surprise is in store for the world, then it could be Jill Stein or Gary Johnson, or even Evan McMullin.

In fact, if a free-spirited, chicken-loving American citizen wants to vote for a KFC wing, they could do that too. Because even after over 15 years of debating over taking up electronic voting, America still uses the paper ballot system to elect their president.

@ My questions is to supreme court of India and the citizens of India that why we also not reject this Evm system of voting system? Because their is no transparency in Evm system? Why we not use ballot paper for voting in India for transparency? Is India is developed country like America, if not developed then what is reason behind this, China is a devloped country this country get freedom in 1949 and India get freedom in 1947, Who is responsible, citizens of India always paid taxes, then why we not a developed country? Is anyone follow the rules regulations according to constitution? Why many judgement pending in courts? Why the people of India are unemployed? Why the farmer and students always committed suicide? Why do the people of India not get justice? I'm Manish Kumar Mishra a Indian student and this is not only my duty to fight alone for justice, everyone have to raise they voice for truth. जय मां भवानी जय मां जगदम्बा जय परशुराम हर हर महादेव 🙏 अल्लाहु अकबर (ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ)🙏 वाहे गुरु जी दा खालसा, वाहे गुरु जी दी फतेह🙏 God bless the people of India and World 🙏 Amen... — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mr.Manish Kumar Mishra (talk • contribs) 18:54, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Supreme Court of India


text:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is an international organisation which conducts agricultural research for rural development, headquartered in Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, with several regional centres (Bamako (Mali), Nairobi (Kenya)) and research stations (Niamey (Niger), Kano (Nigeria), Lilongwe (Malawi), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Bulawayo (Zimbabwe)). It was founded in 1972 by a consortium of organisations convened by the Ford- and the Rockefeller- foundations. Its charter was signed by the FAO and the UNDP. Since its inception, host country India has granted a special status to ICRISAT as a UN Organization operating in the Indian territory making it eligible for special immunities and tax privileges.

ICRISAT is managed by a full-time Director General functioning under the overall guidance of an international Governing Board. The current Director General is Jacqueline d'Arros Hughes who took the post in April 2020. The current chairman of the Board is Prabhu Pingali.

The semi-arid tropics
The semi-arid tropics (SAT) region is characterized by highly variable, low-to-medium rainfall and poor soils, further characterized by lack of irrigation. In general, the historical average annual rainfall in the SAT is below 700 mm. In agricultural policy terms, this region is considered to be a less favored area (LFA).

Research strategy
With almost 50 years of experience addressing the agricultural constraints in the drylands of Africa and Asia, ICRISAT has developed key strengths which are focused on delivering impact in the drylands in alignment with its mission and mandate. ICRISAT has a unique role in dryland agriculture research for development, working through diverse partnerships across Asia and Africa. ICRISAT’s unique comparative strength has been to conduct upstream science and to translate upstream science to applied research. This makes a difference in farmers' lives by scaling scientific innovations with due attention to the environment, policy, marketing and socioeconomics. In the complex farming systems of the drylands where ICRISAT mandate crops including grain legumes and dryland cereals are grown, integrated solutions are needed to address the challenges of poverty, climate change, nutrition and sustainability of natural resources.

ICRISAT founded the Smart Food initiative in 2013 with the Vision to create a world where food is 'Smart' – good for you, the planet and the farmer. A key objective is to diversify staples across Africa and Asia, with the initial focus on millets and sorghum.

Mandate crops
ICRISAT performs crop improvement research, using conventional as well as methods derived from biotechnology, on the following crops: chickpea, pigeonpea, groundnut, pearl millet, sorghum, finger millet, teff, and small millets.

ICRISAT's scientific information by topic, crop, location and resources is found on Exploreit.

Research themes and genebank
ICRISAT conducts its research under three Global Research Programs (GRPs): Accelerated Crop Improvement, Resilient Farm and Food Systems, Enabling Systems Transformations. These three GRPs are implemented through 18 research clusters.

The ICRISAT genebank serves as a repository for the collection of germplasm of the six mandate crops – sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut; and five small millets – foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, proso millet and barnyard millet. The collection has over 128,446 germplasm accessions assembled from 144 countries. Several landraces now conserved in the ICRISAT genebank have disappeared from their natural habitats in Africa and Asia.

Accelerated crop improvement research
Most of ICRISAT’s crop improvement research is directed to deliver climate-resilient improved crop varieties with pest and disease resistance, improved nutritional quality and market preferred traits and improved genetic gains.

Based on an econometric analysis of time-series data for three different types of agricultural areas (irrigated, high-potential rainfed, and low-potential rainfed), non-ICRISAT experts found more favorable marginal returns (measured as Indian rupees of agricultural production per additional hectare planted to modern varieties) for crop improvement research in low-potential rainfed areas than in either high-potential rainfed areas or irrigated areas. Moreover, additional crop research investment in low potential rainfed areas lifts more people out of poverty than in the other two types of areas.

It was ICRISAT-improved chickpea varieties have been widely adopted in a poor tribal area in Gujarat, India, with favorable impacts on yields, unit production costs, and net returns per hectare/per acre. ICRISAT's package of improved groundnut varieties grown in combination with improved agronomy practices has had a positive result in the semi-arid tropical areas of Central India.

Two major science-based breakthroughs attributed to crop improvement research at ICRISAT relate to pearl millet and pigeonpea. A team of researchers at ICRISAT have released the first public sector-bred, marker-assisted bred hybrid pearl millet, HHB 67. This was released in India in 2006. It is assessed to have superior agronomic performance and improved tolerance to terminal drought. The first-ever release of a hybrid pigeonpea by ICRISAT researchers has been reported in 2008.

Information products and services
ICRISAT formally adopted an open-access policy for its research publications in 2009. It is among a small number of agricultural research organisations to do so. As of June 2010, about 3000 publications are available on the organisation's website.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jack Barlow

Jack Barlow was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Vanity. --fvw *  08:34, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * Delete with extreme prejudice. We need to come up with a rule to speed the process of deleting such pointless vanity. -- Jmabel | Talk 09:06, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * I think this was already covered in Speedy policy... speedy delete as obvious vanity. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 10:32, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * I really must insist you actually read WP:CSD.  --fvw *  11:11, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * It isn't currently a CSD, but it would be if te third of the proposals to expand CSD is enacted. - SimonP 19:14, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete as nonsense then. Dunc|☺ 12:17, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Viriditas | Talk 12:39, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --norbu | ☺ 19:17, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 20:14, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * The speedy deletion process should be amended to cover this sort of nonsensical vanity. Delete. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 22:08, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, it does... no context, and his wife is great, too! Wyss 00:03, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just delete it. utcursch 08:54, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * I thought about giving them an welcome, but they don't appear to be the sort of person who could be useful around here. Delete with relish. Alphax (talk) 04:58, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Karl Sovanka

Karl Sovanka (Karol Šovánka) (7 March 1893 in Uhrovec, near Trenčín, Slovakia – 1961 in Östringen, Germany) was a painter and sculptor. He is world-known for his paintings of animals and hunting motifs.

He was a famous painter and sculptor from the town of Kežmarok. He studied in Budapest (prof. Ľudovít Mátray), in Brussels (prof. van der Stappen), and in Paris. He was a member of the Slovak painters club in Bratislava.

Sovanka was painting countrysides, animals and hunting motifs in nature, and he also made some sculptures and glasses. At an exhibition in Prague in 1931, he was exhibited with the oil paintings "Fox in the winter", "Dogs with boar", and others. Besides Slovakia and Prague, he also held exhibitions in Brno and Budapest.

Other famous paintings: Tatras countryside.

title: Karl Sovanka


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Idolforums.com

Idolforums.com was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Ad. Delete, also redirect Idolforums. JFW | T@lk  08:34, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ad/non-notable. Alexa rank 62,083. Andris 08:42, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree with above. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 10:31, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 20:13, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad, websites of national television programs are neither inherently notable nor useful. Wyss 00:01, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. utcursch 08:51, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, a forum about a TV show is about as notable as a person who didn't make past the initial audition for said show. Alphax (talk) 04:57, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Woodworm Records

Woodworm Records was a record label created in 1979 to enable the British folk-rock band Fairport Convention to release their album Farewell, Farewell. The album was a recording of performances taken from the band's 1979 farewell tour. The impending break-up of the band had followed medical advice given to fiddle-player Dave Swarbrick to save his hearing by playing no more amplified music. As there was no record label willing to release the recording, bass guitarist Dave Pegg and his wife Christine formed their own label to release the album.

Woodworm Records soon grew and released albums by Fairport and other artists such as Dave Swarbrick and Steve Ashley. During 2004 the Peggs were divorced, resulting in the sale of studio. The record label was thus put on hold. Members of Fairport Convention decided to form the new label Matty Grooves Records to continue the work of Woodworm Records.

Associated with the label, and especially with Fairport Convention in recent years, are Woodworm Recording Studios, situated at Barford St. Michael in Oxfordshire, where other artists, including Jethro Tull and Richard Thompson, have also recorded.

title: Woodworm Records


text:
Talk:Up (film series)

Naming
I've moved this article from 7 Up (documentary) to Seven Up!, because this is the title given at IMDB. All sources seem to indicate that the title is spelled "Seven Up" with an optional exclamation point, the next is called 7 Plus Seven, and the rest consistently use numerals (21 Up, 28 Up, etc.) use numerals. For example, this is how the titles are listed in a recent review of the DVD set at The Onion AV. (Note: That link will expire in a few days.) --LostLeviathan 08:38, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Change page to "Up series"?
I agree. The page title is misleading. The page is really about the series of seven films, not just the first one. Anybody else reading this please weigh in with your opinion. Drwhapcaplet 18:00, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * what about changing this page to Up Series? or is 7 up like an official name or somehting? Spencerk 04:17, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

Seems to me the title is misleading, the article is about seven films, not one... Anybody else agree?

 * I vote to change it. Clarityfiend 01:06, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

I agree. --PurplePenguin 16:47, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree as well. --Jfruh (talk) 17:32, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I can understand the arguments each of you have made for changing the name of this page and I agree with them in general. The only thing I would like to say for leaving it as it is is that the way I found it was by typing '7 Up' in the search box. I don't know whether I would have thought to look for it as 'Up Series'. But that is just one persons experience.

 * If and when one any of you decide to make the move PLEASE, PLEASE be thorough and go and fix all the links to this page that already exist. Just leaving a bunch of redirects, although you can do it that way, is sloppy. The few times that I have moved a page I usually open a second window and have the page showing me all the pages that are linked to an article in the first and then perform all of the edit changes that I have to do in the second. Thanks to all who work on keeping this a good article and happy editing too. MarnetteD | Talk 18:26, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

It seems there is a consensus that the article should be moved to Up Series. I will do this myself on December 3, 2006 unless anyone objects before then. Tommy11111 04:14, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

I have performed the move. All further discussion should take place at the talk page for Up Series. Tommy11111 22:06, 2 December 2006 (UTC)

Unfortunately you did not follow wikipedia's process for moving a page you cut and pasted it which loses the edit history and we now have a mess. I will let the people who know how to do this know and hopefully they will be able to fox your mistake. MarnetteD | Talk 18:37, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Fixed. BillyH 19:51, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Unclear
The following sentence from the article sounds very confusing:

"Some therapists show their clients the series to explain that a given person's reaction to the various interviews may have as much to say about the subject, in their interpretation of what they think that the participants are saying, as it does about the people taking part in the film."

The following description surely can't be correct:

"Boyhood, a film that will follow a boy from the age of six through to eighteen in real time over twelve years." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 15.203.169.106 (talk) 12:33, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

On the Media interview
I note that On the Media just did an interviewon Apted. Maybe they will have the transcript ready in about a month. -- PinkCake 06:58, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

Errors/criticisms
I am not a regular contributer so forgive me if I'm not going about this quite the right way. There are a number of factual errors in your article. The three 'upper class twits' did not mention what careers they wanted to pursue at 7 and certainly did not mention specific firms or banks. The three working class girls did not mention drugery nor did they even imply it at 7 or 14 (at 21 they seemed somewhat defensive admittedly). Neil's life did not at all seem layed out for him at seven (He wanted to be an astronaut or a coach driver and did not think he needed to go to university because he didn't want to be a teacher). It is also false that none of the 'upperclass twits' appeared in the program after 28 up. in 35 up 2 out of the 3 appeared. Also the tone of the article is rather unprofessional. Calling 3 of the kids upperclass twits might be ok but then saying it was unsuprising they did not appear is both unfair and incorrect. All three seem to me to be very reasonable and unstuck up adults from what we see in the movies.
 * You could not be more correct I have done a major edit on this page and I hope you come back across it some day and that you will either approve of it, OR make other edits to make this page even better.MarnetteD | Talk 30 June 2005 14:03 (UTC)

Just in case my last edit summary causes confusion...I meant 'this year', not 'last year'. Slip of the hand. BillyH 11:37, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

Run on sentence
The following is such a bad run-on sentence that I do not understand it. Could someone who does understand it please reword it? "Some therapists show their clients the series to explain that a given person's reaction to the various interviews may have as much to say about the subject, in their interpretation of what they think that the participants are saying, as it does about the people taking part in the film." [Unsigned entry]

Suzy
As I understand her, Suzy does leave open the possibility that she may feel differently in seven years and thus her future participation should not be regarded as absolutely out of the question.

(Having seen the film again since writing this, I fear that I misunderstood her. I hope she will reconsider.)

 * Happily, she did indeed reconsider. Kostaki mou (talk) 04:59, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

Kostaki mou 04:55, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

I'm watching 28 up and they spell her name Suzi, not Suzy. I haven't looked at the other films to see the spelling, but which is correct? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.191.183.185 (talk) 01:06, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That is the only film in which that spelling is used. Presumably, Suzy herself used that spelling at the time and reverted to "Suzy" afterwards.  (Similarly, Simon used "Symon" for one film and reverted to "Simon" afterwards.)  Kostaki mou 23:42, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Simon
He has evidently reverted to that spelling of his name. His mother died of cancer some years ago (certainly before 42 Up).

38.117.238.82 05:10, 23 November 2006 (UTC), now known as Kostaki mou (talk) 23:03, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

 * He is "Symon" in 7 Plus Seven, 42 Up and 56 Up; otherwise, "Simon." Kostaki mou (talk) 23:03, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

Erroneous Links
The links for Peter Davies, Susan Davis and Charles Furneaux lead to different people of those names. I don't know how to fix them as they are apparently made the same way as the red nonfunctioning "links" that were no doubt intended for these also.

Kostaki mou 04:06, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:The Up series DVD.jpg
Image:The Up series DVD.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:33, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

"Flaws"
I have deleted the "Flaws" section -- I originally retitled it "Criticism" and added a POV tag, but upon reading it again, I realize that it is solely original research and opinion. The article should have a "Criticism" section, but the original section contained no quotes, citations, or references to outside material. I will try to find information about criticism of the series in the future -- if anyone would like to help, please do! Graymornings 06:28, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello Graymornings. If you didn't already please check the edit history of the anon IP that is trying to enter this info. It is a single purpose account trying to enter one persons dislike of these films and/or Apted and they have been blocked once for violating the 3RR. It looks like they are trying to avoid that but, if they persist, they can be reported at WP:AIV or WP:ANI. Thanks for you vigilence in keeping an eye on this page. MarnetteD | Talk 13:53, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

I did check the history, and since it seemed to be an anonymous "rant," I decided it wouldn't be controversial to delete it. I do think the article needs a "Criticism" section -- I'm sure I've read criticism of the film somewhere. I'll do research and get back to it. Thanks! Graymornings 15:32, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Update: this user seems to be repeatedly trying to insert this highly POV section into the article. He or she has put the material back in fifteen or twenty times, with various editors inevitably removing it. If you see it again, please help by deleting it. Graymornings 05:39, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Class
"with the explicit assumption that each child's social class predetermines their future"

This also comes up in the "Message" section. I thought the whole "class predetermining" thing was the central hypothesis being tested, rather than one of the assumptions. Any chance a citation for that can be found? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.41.11.155 (talk) 15:54, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Edit protection
This article seems to be a consistent target of vandalism. Could we talk about edit-protecting it? Graymornings 17:33, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Memorable?
The article says on Suzy "In one of the most memorable scenes in 7 plus seven, her Labrador catches and kills a rabbit in the background". Is it a fact that this is "one of the most memorable scenes" or is it a writer's opinion? Regardless, I think this bit of trivia contributes little to the article, suggest to remove it. Odedee (talk) 04:38, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I vote for keeping it. It's of interest.  I think you're being a trifle rigid, frankly.  Kostaki mou (talk) 01:53, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Rigid? This is clearly an opinionated statement, and a bit peculiar at that. There are numerous memorable scenes in these moving films, but to point out the one which involves a dog, rather than humans, is ludicrous, at best. Odedee (talk) 06:23, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I changed the text, eliminating the rabbit but keeping the fact Suzy's parents own an estate, which is more pertinent to the article. Odedee (talk) 06:23, 14 January 2008 (UTC)

I vote for keeping it too. It was a memorable scene, hands down. Please put it back in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.24.56.60 (talk) 20:41, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

I think the only thing of interest about the scene is her reaction and even that isn't as interesting as something like her saying she would vote conservative and then when asked why she says she doesn't know and isn't even interested in politics.--97.82.195.71 (talk) 01:57, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

I agree with Odedee's changes, this isn't a film review. Best to keep the information clear in its purpose, concise in its meaning and above all with as little opinion bias as possible.

This article is a mess
Michael Apted did not create the Up Series or direct the first one (Seven Up). Paul Almond created and directed Seven Up, Michael Apted was simply a researcher for Seven Up I have three references here, here and here. This article imply's that Apted created the series and directed every film in the Up Series. Can somebody please contact me here or on my talk page where we will discuss fixing this mess up.--Theoneintraining (talk) 12:40, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
 * You may want to read the "Creation" section of the article where it states that Paul Almond began the series just as you say. I don't know how much clearer it needs to be than that. MarnetteD | Talk 14:59, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It needs to be clearer in the opening paragraph I believe. What do you think?--Theoneintraining (talk) 15:24, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Dates in list of films
What in the world are the dates, following each title in the list of films, supposed to represent? My best guess is these are the dates each film premiered on British television, but I can't be sure; anyone think it just might be a bit helpful to tell the user what he's reading? Propaniac (talk) 23:57, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Surnames
Why are there only first names mentioned? --Anna Frodesiak (talk) 14:51, 14 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Presumably because that's how they're referred to in the films -- there's no reason to include last names, that I can see. Propaniac (talk) 17:10, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

Apted template
Anyone notice the "Films directed by Michael Apted" template at the bottom of this article (and all Apted film articles) doesn't list any of the Up films? Just sayin'. 68.146.81.123 (talk) 23:35, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I looked into it; User:TheMovieBuff has repeatedly removed the Up series from the template, God only knows why, and the last time he did it at the end of August, it hadn't been reverted. I added it back, added the template to my watchlist, and advised the user to cut the crap. Propaniac (talk) 14:03, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Charles
Proposed rewording:

Charles

Charles Furneaux did not make it into Oxford as an undergraduate. At 21 he said he was glad to have avoided the "prep school-Marlborough-Oxbridge conveyor belt" by going to Durham University instead, later attending Oxford as a post-graduate student. Charles has worked in journalism in varying capacities over the years, including as a producer for the BBC, and in the making of documentary films, including Touching the Void. He chose not to appear in the series after 21 Up, other than the contribution of an occasional photograph.

During an on-stage interview at London's National Film Theatre in December 2005, Apted alleged that Charles had attempted to sue him when he refused to remove Charles's likeness from the archive sequences in 49 Up. Apted also commented on the irony that as a documentary maker himself, Charles was the only one who refused to continue.

Reference to Radio Times and Daily Telegraph articles.

http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2012-05-14/56-up-michael-apted-on-the-documentary-series-thats-spanned-five-decades

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/columnists/allison-pearson/9269805/Seven-Up-A-tale-of-two-Englands-that-shamefully-still-exist.html

By the time of 56 Up, all references to Charles had been removed, other than in fleeting glimpses of joint shots with Andrew and John.

Tomintoul (talk) 15:54, 6 August 2012 (UTC)
 * That appears to be fair and supported by the reliable sources you've provided. Jezebel's Ponyo bons mots 16:41, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

"Suzy and Nick . . . friends due to their shared rural upbringing."
Is that why? What authority do you have for that statement? It seems to me that their "shared rural upbringing[s]" were quite different. Kostaki mou (talk) 20:46, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

In 56 Up, Nick said he thought he and Suzy were on the show because of their rural upbringings. And Suzy said at the 21 Up reunion, she felt the most comfortable with Nick, and talked to him the most. user:kellyscomments

Lynn
I would consider rephrasing this: "At 56 Up she continues to believe her career as a librarian is of great value and it has helped define her life."It strikes me as if the article is saying that being a librarian isn't of great value. Also, by 56 Up, Lynn had lost her job.

Also, it appears she passed away. http://www.stsavioursschool.org.uk/library-opened-in-memory-of-lynn-johnson/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kellyscomments (talk • contribs) 14:16, 18 May 2014 (UTC)

The death of the creator of the series IS 'relevant' to this article.
Paul Almond created this series; he died earlier this month (April 9th, 2015). Given that the death of any of the 14 subjects of the documentary would of course be an important item to note within this article (as has been done with Lynn Johnson), the death of a major figure (such as Almond or Apted) involved with the project is equally deserving of notation.

People who are fans of this series have a degree of investment in it, and want to know when those involved with it have passed away; this article, being THE collective summary on the "UP Series" on the whole, is the best point of reference for such information here at Wikipedia. The notion that a reader should have to "go (to) the article for the person" for each of the fourteen participants, or Almond or Apted, to learn that they have died instead of being able to glean that information via a short reference to such here is utterly absurd. The truth is that many, and likely most, people visiting this page will remain unknowing of the death of one involved with the series if such information isn't posted upon it. The absence of such pertinent information from this page defeats the "source of information" purpose of Wikipedia.

The death of Paul Almond IS 'relevant' to this article just as much as the death of any of the fourteen participants is; again, the man was the creator of the series. I feel this way, and at least one other person has indicated that they do, as well. I have re-inserted the short notation to Almond's death within the article, and would appreciate it remaining there until this issue has had ample time for discussion amongst multiple people who visit this page. If there is an overall concensus that the death of the creator of the series for some strange reason shouldn't be noted here, remove the notation then, but until then the insertion of such into the article should be respected. — Preceding unsigned comment added by AtypicalMale (talk • contribs) 11:52, 30 April 2015 (UTC)

 * First he didn't create the series - Granada Television did. He did direct the first - 30 minute long - segment. He had no involvement after 1964 so no his death is not relevant to this article. As to what "fans" want and the other things you mention remember that Wikipedia is an Encyclopedia - see WP:NOTMEMORIAL, WP:NOTDIARY and WP:RAWDATA among others for what WikiP is not. You can certainly post items like this on your facebook page. MarnetteD|Talk 14:19, 30 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Having said all that the brief and concise birth and death dates in parenthesis is acceptable. MarnetteD|Talk 14:33, 30 April 2015 (UTC)

Neil's Illness
Is it not a bit. . . unusual that no mention has been made of Neil's mental illness, which he freely discusses in the post-21 installments? Perhaps that is the intended meaning of the statement that he was "in an agitated state" during one interview, but that evasion does a great disservice to this resilient fellow and to those who suffer his condition in general. It would be a good idea for the article's original creator to update Neil's section thus -- I do not feel competent, despite having three persons in my life stricken down by a similar condition.

67.165.91.134 (talk) 15:17, 22 June 2016 (UTC)

In 28 Up, Neil mentions that he has always suffered from "a nervous complaint," which is another way of referring to unspecified mental illness. In his appearance in 35 Up, he was looking very rough indeed, and his interview was especially agitated. In 63 Up, he mentions specifically that there is a stigma to mentioning mental illness, and he speaks somewhat about having bouts of depression. But the films themselves never get too deeply into his specific condition. In the section of this article, however, one could enter a note that Neil suffered from an unspecified mental illness, though the details of it are vague. As with much of this series, there are causal implications between the subjects' personas and their life conditions, and we get the feeling that there is some link between Neil being not entirely well mentally/emotionally and the fact that he is homeless. But we simply don't have enough evidence to make that connection conclusively.Bill Coffin (talk) 15:32, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 7 February 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: move the page to Up (film series) at this time, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 02:36, 18 February 2019 (UTC)

Up Series → Up (TV series) – The "series" in the title seems to be descriptive, therefore capitalisation is incorrect. However Up series is not in line with WP:NCTV, so would suggest Up (TV series), unless someone has a better idea. -- wooden superman  15:08, 7 February 2019 (UTC) --Relisting. Dekimasu よ! 17:24, 14 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Question: Is this a series of films or a TV series with an episode every 7 years? The lead calls it a a series of documentary films, the infobox used though is Infobox television with num_episodes filled out. The categories are also all over the place, with these as an example - Category:British film series and Category:British documentary television series. If the article is a series of films, then the disambiguation is "(film series)" per WP:NCFILM. If the article is a TV series, then the disambiguation is "(TV series)" per WP:NCTV. --Gonnym (talk) 15:32, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
 * As it was made for television, I would say it more closely falls under the "(TV series)" umbrella, especially as the later entries were aired weekly, although admittedly it is quite a unique case. What we must do is move it away from the capitalised "S" in series, as this is descriptive and does not form part of the series name.  -- wooden  superman  16:12, 7 February 2019 (UTC)

 * Oppose - I am torn as to what to call this (mostly between Up (film series) or Seven Up (film series) - but this is most definitely not a (TV series). Per WP:NCTV, for made-for-TV films we follow WP:NCFILM, and these are most definitely described in sources as a series of made-for-television documentary films. -- Netoholic @ 20:01, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
 * , how about Up (series)?  SITH   (talk)   16:10, 9 February 2019 (UTC)
 * No, we avoid using just (series) because it is unclear. Does it mean TV series, radio series, film series, number series, sports series, etc.? -- Netoholic @ 18:21, 9 February 2019 (UTC)
 * How about Up (documentary) Psalms79;6-7 (talk) 19:42, 14 February 2019 (UTC)

 * Relisting comment: Is there any support for Up (film series) ? -- Netoholic @ 21:53, 14 February 2019 (UTC)

 * Sure, out of the possible options, this indeed seems to be mostly a series of (television) films. Support that. --Gonnym (talk) 13:56, 15 February 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

63 Up
There was quite an interesting interview with Bruce, Sue and Tony in the Radio Times to mark 63 Up. They seem quite happy with the way the show has turned out, despite the obvious intrusion involved. https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2019-06-06/63-up-seven-up-cast-members-where-are-they-now/

"You’ve recently seen the first film of the new three-part series – what did you think of it?

BRUCE It’s so heart-warming. It’s nice to see a life from the beginning, a progress through life.

TONY I was quite happy. I was looking with trepidation, a bit of nerves. I think everyone does. All you’re asking for is credibility. Seeing my grandchildren grow up in the same film really touched a nerve with me.

SUE It’s knowing your children have always got this. That record of your life and your children’s lives is always there and I’m really proud to be part of it. It was sad in places watching this new one, but in a nice way. We’re all feeling older and we have aches and pains and life has chucked things at us, but we all came across in a positive way…

And you’re all still glad you took part?

SUE We’re all terrified we’re going to make a fool of ourselves and say something really stupid we can’t take back. Because we don’t get to edit it or see it before it’s finished, so you have to think about what you’re saying.

TONY There’s trust there. The whole production team have always been there. I trust them with my life.

BRUCE You feel they will be positive. They won’t try to catch you out or trip you up. It’s not a political interview. It’s bringing you out, telling the story of your life so people can see their own lives reflected in that. We’ve all lost somebody, we’ve all been through grief."

And they confirm that they might not mind doing it again in seven years, but only if Michael Apted, already 77 (who they've known all their lives), is in charge.

"Would you do it without Michael at the helm?

BRUCE If they did it again without Michael or some of the others, it would be very, very different. So probably not.

TONY No, I wouldn’t, he’s been like a brother to me. I love him dearly. The Up series is Michael Apted.

SUE I doubt it very much. It would have to be a totally different kind of programme. The way it’s formatted now, that’s the trust with Michael and the crew."

It's a remarkable outcome for something that started as a one-off World in Action episode in 1964 -- especially as the next two episodes, Seven After Seven and 21, got resounding critical raspberries in the press, quite wrongly. (If one could find those misguided reviews in the British Library newspaper archive, they would now look quite funny, but I can't be bothered.) It was only with 28 Up in 1985, when the audience and the press reacted so warmly to Neil's story, that the thing really took off. Khamba Tendal (talk) 19:35, 7 June 2019 (UTC)

Age of participants
Question: In 1964 the participants in 7 up were 7 years of age. So, logically they are 62 in 2019. Then why naming the program 63 up. They are 62.

Adelphos (talk) 15:23, 11 July 2019 (UTC)

 * I can't get my head around this either. Maybe they were 7 when they filmed it in 1963? --TrottieTrue (talk) 03:56, 23 January 2020 (UTC)

 * 7 Up! was released on 5 May 1964, but it was shot in 1963, when its subjects were seven years old. It looks like subsequent editions of the film were shot and released in the same year to avoid continuing this confusion.Bill Coffin (talk) 15:26, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

This article repeatedly violates Wikipedia guidelines and policies
Specifically, this article appears to have generated its content in defiance of WP:ORIGINAL RESEARCH, and WP:VERIFY. If the article were to be held to this pair of clear encyclopedic standards, most of its content would have to be removed. Please, WP editors, follow the guidelines and policies. This article will not improve until someone decides that quality and principles are worth fighting for. 2601:246:C700:9B0:6882:E037:AF97:A81C (talk) 02:46, 2 December 2019 (UTC)

 * here you go, knock yourself out —75.72.49.12 (talk) 06:36, 2 December 2019 (UTC)
 * The issue is not a shortage of citations—this 2019 piece on 63 Up is one in a long line of pieces in the major British, U.S., and entertainment periodicals—it is the freedom that past editors had felt in presenting their own viewing experiences and perceptions (violating WP:OR), and doing so completely absent of published support (violating WP:VERIFY). That said, the NYT article is a fine addition (and it already appears at other articles related to the series), and it appears here, now, in the "Further reading" section. 2601:246:C700:9B0:49D5:B293:F76B:4632 (talk) 03:16, 3 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Do we really need a citation for the names of the subjects in the films? The liberal sprinkling of the citation needed tag seems beyond excessive. The first film tells you who they are, we don't need an academic paper or a newspaper article to verify who's in the films. It's like asking for a citation to verify that Dorothy is the main character in the Wizard of Oz. Ian m (talk) 19:05, 15 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Up (film series)


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title: Category:523 deaths


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title: Category:518 deaths


text:
Peter Shafirov

Baron Peter Pavlovich Shafirov (Пётр Павлович Шафиров; 1670–1739) was a Russian statesman and a prominent coadjutor of Peter the Great.

Early life and career
Shafirov was born into a Polish Jewish family. His father, Pavel Shafirov, was a translator in the Russian Foreign Office, whose parents converted to the Russian Orthodox Church after Smolensk was ceded to Russia by Poland in 1654.

Peter Shafirov first made himself useful by his extraordinary knowledge of foreign languages. He was the chief translator in the Russian Foreign Office for many years, subsequently accompanying Tsar Peter on his travels. He was raised to the Russian nobility as a baron and received the rank of vice-chancellor. He was considered a diplomat of the highest order.

Diplomatic missions
Shafirov concluded the Peace of the Pruth during the campaign of 1711. Peter left him in the hands of the Turks as a hostage, and on the breaking of the peace he was imprisoned in the Seven Towers. Finally, however, with the aid of the British and Dutch ambassadors, he defeated the diplomacy of Charles XII of Sweden and his agents, and confirmed the good relations between Russia and Turkey by the treaty of Adrianople (June 1713).

In 1718, Shafirov was appointed vice-president of the department of Foreign Affairs, and a senator.

Sentencing and end of life
In 1723, however, he was deprived of all his offices and sentenced to death. The capital sentence was commuted at the last minute to banishment, first to Siberia and then to Novgorod. Embezzlement and disorderly conduct in the senate were the offences charged against Shafirov. On the death of Peter, Shafirov was released from prison and commissioned to write the biography of his late master. However, the successful rivalry of his supplanter, Andrei Osterman, prevented Shafirov from holding any high office during the last fourteen years of his life.

Works
In 1717, he authored a treatise entitled A discourse concerning the just causes of the war between Sweden and Russia, a historical tract on the war with Charles XII. Shafirov detailed some of the greatest exploits of the tsar-regenerator.

title: Peter Shafirov


text: Category:536 deaths

title: Category:536 deaths


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title: User talk:69.140.126.217


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title: Category:Districts of Hong Kong


text: User talk:61.246.210.230

title: User talk:61.246.210.230