text:
Budesonide/formoterol

Budesonide/formoterol, sold under the brand name Symbicort among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used in the management of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It contains budesonide, a steroid and formoterol, a long-acting β 2 -agonist (LABA). The product monograph does not support its use for sudden worsening or treatment of active bronchospasm. However, a 2020 review of the literature does support such use. It is used by breathing in the medication.

Common (≥1/100 to <1/10) side effects include candidiasis, headache, tremor, palpitations, throat irritation, coughing, and dysphonia. Pneumonia is a common side effect in people with COPD, and other, less common side effects have been documented. There were concerns that the LABA component increases the risk of death in children with asthma, however these concerns were removed in 2017. Therefore, this combination is only recommended in those who are not controlled on an inhaled steroid alone. There is tentative evidence that typical doses of inhaled steroids and LABAs are safe in pregnancy. Both formoterol and budesonide are excreted in breast-milk.

Budesonide/formoterol was approved for medical use in the United States in 2006. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 72nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 9million prescriptions.

Maintenance
Budesonide/formoterol has shown efficacy to prevent asthma attacks. It is unclear if the efficacy of budesonide/formoterol differs from that of fluticasone and salmeterol in chronic asthma.

Exacerbation
The combination is approved in the United States only as a maintenance medication in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, a 2020 review of the literature does support use as needed during acute worsening in those with mild disease, and as maintenance followed by extra doses during worsening.

Use for both maintenance and as-needed treatment is also known as single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) and is a well-established treatment. It has been shown to, 1) reduce asthma exacerbations that require oral corticosteroids, 2) reduce hospital visits better than maintenance on inhaled corticosteroids alone at a higher dose, or 3) inhaled corticosteroid at the same or higher dose together with a long-acting bronchodilator (LABA), with a short-acting bronchodilator (SABA) as a reliever.

Common (up to 1 in 10 people)

 * Mild throat irritation
 * Coughing
 * Hoarseness
 * Oral candidiasis (thrush. significantly less likely if the patient rinses their mouth out with water after inhalations)
 * Headache

Often mild, and usually disappear as the medication continues to be used:

 * Heart palpitations
 * Trembling

Uncommon (up to 1 in 100 people)

 * Feeling restlessness, nervous, or agitated
 * Disturbed sleep
 * Feeling dizzy
 * Nausea
 * Tachycardia (fast heart rate)
 * Bruising of the skin
 * Muscle cramps

Rare (up to 1 in 1,000 people)

 * Rash
 * Itchiness
 * Bronchospasm (tightening of the muscles in the airways causing wheezing immediately after use of the medication, which is possibly sign of an allergic reaction and should be met with immediate medical attention)
 * Hypokalemia (low levels of potassium in the blood)
 * Heart arrhythmia

Very rare (up to 1 in 10,000 people)

 * Depression
 * Changes in behaviour, especially in children
 * Chest pain or tightness in chest
 * Increase in blood glucose levels
 * Taste changes, such as an unpleasant taste in the mouth
 * Changes in blood pressure

Other
With high doses for a long period of time.

 * Reduced bone mineral density, causing osteoporosis
 * Cataracts
 * Glaucoma
 * Slowed rate of growth in children and adolescents
 * Dysfunction of the adrenal gland, which affects the production of various hormones

Allergic reaction

 * Angioedema (swelling of the face, mouth, tongue, and/or throat. Difficulty swallowing. Hives. Difficulty breathing. Feeling of faintness)
 * Bronchospasm (sudden acute wheezing or shortness of breath immediately after use of medication. The patient should use their reliever medication immediately.)

Legal status
It was approved for use in the United States in July 2006.

Budesonide/formoterol was approved for use in the European Union in April 2014.

There are several patents related to the drug; some of which have expired. It was initially marketed by AstraZeneca.

title: Budesonide/formoterol


text:
Philosophy in the Bedroom

Philosophy in the Boudoir (La philosophie dans le boudoir) is a 1795 book by the Marquis de Sade written in the form of a dramatic dialogue. Set in a boudoir (which is not a bedroom despite the title of this entry and one English translation of the book) the two lead characters make the argument that the only moral system that reinforces the recent political revolution is libertinism, and that if the people of France fail to adopt the libertine philosophy, France will be destined to return to a monarchic state. In the chapter titled "Fifth Dialogue", there is a lengthy section where the character Chevalier reads a philosophical pamphlet titled "Frenchmen, Some More Effort If You Wish To Become Republicans". The pamphlet clearly represents Sade's philosophy on religion and morality, a philosophy he passionately hopes the citizens of France will embrace and codify into the laws of their new republican government. Continually throughout the work, Sade makes the argument that one must embrace atheism, reject society's beliefs about pleasure and pain, and further makes his argument that if any crime is committed while seeking pleasure, it cannot be condemned.

Characters

 * Eugénie, a 15-year-old girl who at the beginning of the dialogue is a virgin, naïve of all things sexual, who has been brought up by her mother to be well-mannered, modest, decent and obedient.
 * Madame de Saint-Ange, a 26-year-old libertine woman who is the owner of the house and bedroom in which the dialogue is set. She invites Eugénie for a two-day course on being libertine.
 * Le Chevalier de Mirval, Madame de Saint-Ange's 20-year-old brother. He aids his sister and Dolmancé in the ordeal of "educating" Eugénie.
 * Dolmancé, a 36-year-old atheist and bisexual (though with a strong preference for men), and friend of Le Chevalier's. He is Eugénie's foremost teacher and "educator".
 * Madame de Mistival, Eugénie's provincial, self-righteous mother.
 * Augustin, Madame de Saint-Ange's eighteen- or twenty-year-old gardener. Summoned to assist in the sexual activities in the fifth dialogue.

Plot
In the introduction, the Marquis de Sade exhorts his readers to indulge in the various activities in the play. He says that the work is dedicated to "voluptuaries of all ages, of every sex" and urges readers to emulate the characters. "Lewd women", he writes, "let the voluptuous Saint-Ange be your model; after her example, be heedless of all that contradicts pleasure's divine laws, by which all her life she was enchained." He then urges "young maidens" to copy Eugénie; "be as quick as she to destroy, to spurn all those ridiculous precepts inculcated in you by imbecile parents". Finally, he urges male readers to "study the cynical Dolmancé" and follow his example of selfishness and consideration for nothing but his own enjoyment.

Dolmancé is the most dominant of the characters in the dialogue. He explains to Eugénie that morality, compassion, religion, and modesty are all absurd notions that stand in the way of the sole aim of human existence: pleasure. Like most of Sade's work, Philosophy in the Bedroom features a great deal of sex as well as libertine philosophies. Although there is some torture, the dialogue contains no actual murder, unlike many of Sade's works.

Dolmancé and Madame de Saint-Ange start off by giving Eugénie their own brand of sex education, explaining the biological facts and declaring that physical pleasure is a far more important motive for sex than that of reproduction. Both characters explain that she will not be able to feel "true pleasure" without pain. Then they eagerly get down to the practical lessons, with Le Chevalier joining them in the fourth act and swiftly helping to take away Eugénie's virginity.

Eugénie is instructed on the pleasures of various sexual practices and she proves to be a fast learner. As is usually the case in Sade's work, the characters are all bisexual, and sodomy is the preferred activity of all concerned, especially Dolmancé, who prefers male sexual partners and will not have anything other than anal intercourse with females. Madame de Saint-Ange and her younger brother, the Chevalier, also have sex with one another, and boast of doing so on a regular basis. Their incest — and all manner of other sexual activity and taboos, such as sodomy, adultery and homosexuality — is justified by Dolmancé in a series of energetic arguments that ultimately boil down to "if it feels good, do it". The Marquis de Sade believed that was his ultimate argument: if a crime (even murder) took place during one's desire for pleasure, it could not be punished by law. (Sodomy was illegal and punishable by death in France until 1791 (though the last execution occurred in 1750 ) - four years before the dialogue was written, and Sade himself was convicted of sodomy in 1772.)

The corruption of Eugénie is actually at the request of her father, who has sent her to Madame de Saint-Ange for the very purpose of having his daughter stripped of the morality that her virtuous mother taught her.

The dialogue is split into seven parts, or "dialogues", and was originally illustrated by Sade himself. There is a lengthy section within the fifth dialogue titled "Yet Another Effort, Frenchmen, If You Would Become Republicans", in which the Marquis de Sade argued that having done away with the monarchy in the French Revolution, the people of France should take the final step towards liberty by abolishing religion too. "Frenchmen, I repeat it to you: Europe awaits her deliverance from specter and censer alike. Know well that you cannot possibly liberate her from royal tyranny without at the same time breaking for her the fetters of religious superstition; the shackles of the one are too intimately linked to those of the other; let one of the two survive, and you cannot avoid falling subject to the other you have left intact. It is no longer before the knees of either an imaginary being or a vile impostor a republican must prostrate himself; his only gods must now be courage and liberty. Rome disappeared immediately Christianity was preached there, and France is doomed if she continues to revere it".

In the final act, Eugénie's mother, Madame de Mistival, arrives to rescue her daughter from the "monsters" who have corrupted her. Eugénie's father, however, warns his daughter and friends in advance and urges them to punish his wife, whose person and virtue he clearly loathes. Madame de Mistival is horrified to find that not only her husband arranged for their daughter's corruption but also Eugénie has already lost any moral standards that she previously possessed, along with any respect or obedience towards her mother. Eugénie refuses to leave, and Madame de Mistival is soon stripped, beaten, whipped and raped, her daughter taking an active part in this brutality and even declaring her wish to kill her mother. Dolmancé eventually calls in for a servant who has syphilis to rape Eugénie's mother. Eugénie sews up her vagina and Dolmancé her anus to keep the polluted seed inside, and she is then sent home in tears since she knows that her daughter has been lost to the corrupt libertine mentality of Dolmancé and his accomplices.

Legacy
Spanish director Jesús Franco has made two films based on Philosophy in the Bedroom: Eugenie… The Story of Her Journey into Perversion (1970) and Eugenie (Historia de una perversión) (1980). Italian director Aurelio Grimaldi also filmed it, as L'educazione sentimentale di Eugenie (2005). In 2003, a play based on Philosophy in the Bedroom titled "XXX" was staged in a number of European cities. It featured live simulated sex and audience interaction that caused some controversy.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Philosophy in the Bedroom


text:
User talk:Dozzi

Hello Dozzi, welcome to Wikipedia. Please do not copy copyrighted works into Wikipedia. I listed Horst Schumann on Possible_copyright_infringements Andries 15:50, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for uploading an image of Arthur Liebehenschel. I noticed it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Currently, no article is using it on the Wikipedia. However, we're trying to get all images to have a copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, Bratsche 00:23, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:BLOBEL.jpg)
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Orphaned non-free image (Image:BLOBELONTRIAL.jpg)
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If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 12:08, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dozzi


text:
Renato Ruggiero

Renato Ruggiero (9 April 1930 – 4 August 2013) was an Italian diplomat and politician. He was Director-General of the World Trade Organization from 1995 to 1999 and briefly served as Italy's Foreign Minister in 2001.

Biography
Born in Naples on 9 April 1930, Ruggiero graduated from Naples University in 1953 with a law degree, thereafter entering the foreign service. He subsequently held posts in private firms such as Fiat and the energy firm ENI. After a brilliant business career, he became a top-ranking diplomat, and was involved in tough situations such as the Sigonella crisis in 1985. He was famous for his abilities as a strong-minded negotiator and thus earned the nickname of "Rocky" Ruggiero. At the time of his death in 2013, Ruggiero was an Ambassador and was working for Citigroup. He was a member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.

Honors
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic 1st Class / Knight Grand Cross – 3 October 1985

Ruggiero was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Sacred Treasure by the government of Japan.

title: Renato Ruggiero


text:
Alvares (ski resort)

Alvares is a ski resort in the Iranian province of Ardabil. It is the second standard ski resort in Iran and is situated in the hamlet of Alvares, which is located 20 kilometers away from the city of Sarein at an elevation of roughly 3,200 meters above sea level.

title: Alvares (ski resort)


text:
Pomponius Porphyrion

Pomponius Porphyrion (or Porphyrio) was a Latin grammarian and commentator on Horace.

Biography
He was possibly a native of Africa, and flourished during the 3rd century A.D.

Works
His scholia on Horace, which are still extant, mainly consist of rhetorical and grammatical explanations. We probably do not possess the original work, which must have suffered from alterations and interpolations at the hands of the copyists of the Middle Ages, but on the whole the scholia form a valuable aid to the student of Horace.

Editions

 * Acronis et Porphyrionis commentarii in Q. Horatium Flaccum. Edidit Ferdinandus Hauthal, vol. 1, vol. 2, Berolini sumptibus Julii Springeri, 1864.
 * Pomponii Porhyrionis commentarii in Q. Horatium Flaccum, recensuit Gulielmus Meyer spirensis, Lipsiae in aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1874.
 * Pomponi Porfyrionis commentum in Horatium Flaccum, A. Holder, ed., Arno Press, 1894.

See also C. F. Urba, Meletemata porphyrionea (1885).

title: Pomponius Porphyrion


text:
Santarém District

The District of Santarém (Distrito de Santarém ) is a district of Portugal, located in Portugal's Centro Region. The district capital is the city of Santarém.

The district is the 3rd largest in Portugal, with an area of 6747 km2, and a population of 475,344 inhabitants, giving it a population density of 70 people per sq. kilometer (180 people per sq. mile).

Municipalities
The district includes the following 21 municipalities.

 * Abrantes
 * Alcanena
 * Almeirim
 * Alpiarça
 * Benavente
 * Cartaxo
 * Chamusca
 * Constância
 * Coruche
 * Entroncamento
 * Ferreira do Zêzere
 * Golegã
 * Mação
 * Ourém
 * Rio Maior
 * Salvaterra de Magos
 * Santarém
 * Sardoal
 * Tomar
 * Torres Novas
 * Vila Nova da Barquinha

Summary of votes and seats won 1976–2022
!rowspan=2|Parties!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S !colspan=2 | 1976 !colspan=2 | 1979 !colspan=2 | 1980 !colspan=2 | 1983 !colspan=2 | 1985 !colspan=2 | 1987 !colspan=2 | 1991 !colspan=2 | 1995 !colspan=2 | 1999 !colspan=2 | 2002 !colspan=2 | 2005 !colspan=2 | 2009 !colspan=2 | 2011 !colspan=2 | 2015 !colspan=2 | 2019 !colspan=2 | 2022 ! align="left"| Total seats || colspan=2|13 || colspan=10|12 || colspan=14|10 || colspan=6|9 ! colspan=33| Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
 * - class="unsortable"
 * - class="unsortable" align="center"
 * align="left"| PS || style="background:#FF66FF;"|38.4 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|6 || 27.3 || 3 ||30.4 || 4 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|38.4 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|5 || 18.6 || 2 || 21.7 || 3 || 29.4 || 3 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|45.8 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|5 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|45.5 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|5 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|38.4 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|4 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|46.1 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|6 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|33.7 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|4 || 25.9 || 3 || 32.9 || 3 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|37.1 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|4 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|41.2 || style="background:#FF66FF;"|5
 * align="left"| PSD || 19.5 || 3 || colspan=4 rowspan=2 align=center| In AD || 24.7 || 3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|27.8 || style="background:#FF9900;"|4 || style="background:#FF9900;"|47.9 || style="background:#FF9900;"|7 || style="background:#FF9900;"|49.1 || style="background:#FF9900;"|6 || 31.0 || 3 || 30.2|| 3 || 38.1 || 4 || 26.4 || 3 || 27.0 || 3 || style="background:#FF9900;"|37.6 || style="background:#FF9900;"|5 || colspan=2 rowspan=2 align=center| In PàF || 25.2 || 3 || 26.9 || 3
 * align="left"| CDS-PP || 13.9 || 2 || 10.0 || 1 || 7.7 || 1 || 3.6 || || 3.3 ||  || 8.7 || 1 || 8.1 || 1 || 8.4 || 1 || 6.9 ||  || 11.2 || 1 || 12.3 || 1 || 4.7 ||  || 1.9 ||
 * align="left"| PCP/APU/CDU || 16.1 || 2 || 21.7|| 3 || 19.0 || 2 || 20.0 || 3 || 16.4 || 2 || 12.6 || 1 || 9.8 || 1 || 9.5 || 1 || 10.1 || 1 || 8.6 || 1 || 8.6 || 1 || 9.2 || 1 || 9.0 || 1 || 9.6 || 1 || 7.6 || 1 || 5.4 ||
 * align="left"| AD || colspan=2| || style="background:#00FFFF;"|41.0 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|6 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|42.1 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|6 || colspan=26|
 * align="left"| PRD || colspan=8| || 23.8 || 3 || 7.3 || 1 || 1.0 || || colspan=18|
 * align="left"| BE || colspan=16| || 2.0 || || 2.8 ||  || 6.5 ||  || 11.8 || 1 || 5.8 ||  || 10.8 || 1 || 10.2 || 1 || 4.6 ||
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|35.8 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|4 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 2.0 || || 10.9 || 1
 * align="left"| AD || colspan=2| || style="background:#00FFFF;"|41.0 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|6 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|42.1 || style="background:#00FFFF;"|6 || colspan=26|
 * align="left"| PRD || colspan=8| || 23.8 || 3 || 7.3 || 1 || 1.0 || || colspan=18|
 * align="left"| BE || colspan=16| || 2.0 || || 2.8 ||  || 6.5 ||  || 11.8 || 1 || 5.8 ||  || 10.8 || 1 || 10.2 || 1 || 4.6 ||
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|35.8 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|4 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 2.0 || || 10.9 || 1
 * align="left"| PàF || colspan=26| || style="background:#00AAAA;"|35.8 || style="background:#00AAAA;"|4 || colspan=4|
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 2.0 || || 10.9 || 1
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 2.0 || || 10.9 || 1
 * align="left"| CHEGA || colspan=28| || 2.0 || || 10.9 || 1
 * }

Archeology
The village of Almonda, within the civil parish of Zibreira, is noted for the Aroeira cave, where the 400,000 year old Aroeira 3 skull of a Homo Heidelbergensis was discovered in 2014. It is the oldest trace of human habitation in Portugal.

title: Santarém District


text:
Wily (text editor)

Wily is a text editor created by Gary Capell for the X Window System. It is based on Acme, the mouse-centric editing environment for the Plan 9 operating system.

Wily is one of the few editors that supports mouse chording. Unlike Acme, it does not support mouse scrolls and its interface is black and white. Development and usage of Wily has been deprecated in favour of the port of Acme to Unix systems as part of Plan 9 from User Space.

title: Wily (text editor)


text:
Formoterol

Formoterol, also known as eformoterol, is a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol has an extended duration of action (up to 12 h) compared to short-acting β2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), which are effective for 4 h to 6 h. Formoterol has a relatively rapid onset of action compared to other LABAs, and is effective within 2-3 minutes. The 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma report recommends a combination formoterol/inhaled corticosteroid inhaler as both a preventer and reliever treatment for asthma in adults. In children, a short-acting β2 adrenergic agonist (e.g., salbutamol) is still recommended.

It was patented in 1972 and came into medical use in 1998. It is available as a generic medication. It is also marketed in the combination formulations budesonide/formoterol and mometasone/formoterol.

Side effects
In November 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a health advisory alerting the public to findings that show the use of long-acting β2 agonists could lead to a worsening of wheezing symptoms in some patients.

Nowadays, available long-acting β2 agonists include salmeterol, formoterol, bambuterol, and sustained-release oral salbutamol.

Combinations of inhaled steroids and long-acting bronchodilators are becoming more widespread – combination preparations include fluticasone/salmeterol and budesonide/formoterol.

Mechanism of action
Inhaled formoterol works like other β2 agonists, causing bronchodilation by relaxing the smooth muscle in the airway so as to treat the exacerbation of asthma.

Brand names

It is marketed in three forms: a dry-powder inhaler (DPI), a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and an inhalation solution, under various brand names including Atock, Atimos/Atimos Modulite, Foradil/Foradile, Fostair, Oxeze/Oxis, Perforomist and Symbicort.

 * Foradil/Foradile capsules for oral inhalation (Schering-Plough in the U.S., Novartis rest of world)
 * Oxeze/Oxis Turbuhaler Dry powder inhaler (DPI) (AstraZeneca)
 * Atock (Astellas)
 * Atimos/Atimos Modulite Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) (Chiesi)
 * Perforomist inhalation solution (Mylan N.V.)
 * Symbicort Turbohaler Dry powder inhaler (AstraZeneca)

In some countries, Perforomist is marketed by Viatris after Upjohn merged with Mylan to create Viatris.

Uses and combinations

 * Arformoterol ((R,R)-(−)-formoterol) — an enantiopure compound used in the management of COPD
 * Combination drugs:
 * Aclidinium bromide/formoterol
 * Budesonide/formoterol
 * Mometasone furoate/formoterol

title: Formoterol


text:
User talk:Vagabund (usurped)

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 16:03, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Request for usurpation
Hello, Vagabund. A request has been made at Changing username/Usurpations to usurp, or "take over", your username because another user would like to use it to edit. The changing username guideline allows a username that is not being actively used to be usurped if the user is given an opportunity to object and does not do so.

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Thank you for your time. Hyeondo (talk) 19:16, 16 August 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vagabund (usurped)


text: User talk:81.155.137.254

title: User talk:81.155.137.254


text:
List of ski areas and resorts in Iran

This is a list of ski areas and resorts in Iran. This list contains 25 ski resorts.

Tehran Province

 * Darbandsar Ski Resort
 * Tochal
 * Abali
 * Shemshak

Alborz Province

 * Dizin
 * Khor Ski Resort

Ardabil Province

 * Alvares
 * Fandoqlu Grass Skiing Resort

Markazi Province

 * Shazand Ski Resort

Fars Province

 * Tarbiatbadani Fars Ski Resort
 * Pooladkaf

West Azerbaijan Province

 * Khoshaku

East Azerbaijan Province

 * Sahand Ski Resort
 * Yam Ski Resort

Kurdistan Province

 * Nassar Ski Resort
 * Saqqez Ski Resort

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

 * Kuhrang (Chelgerd) Ski Resort

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province

 * Kakan

Hamedan Province

 * Tarik-darreh

Semnan Province

 * Shahmirzad Ski Resort

Razavi Khorasan Province

 * Shirbad

Isfahan Province

 * Fereydunshahr Ski Resort

Qazvin Province

 * Kamaan

Zanjan Province

 * Papaei Ski Resort

title: List of ski areas and resorts in Iran


text:
Patrocles

Patrocles name may refer to:

 * Patrocles of Thurii (5th century BC), tragic poet
 * Patrocles (coppersmith) (5th century BC), bronze worker
 * Patrocles teacher of rhetoric mentioned by Quintilian
 * Patrocles (geographer) (c. 312-261 BC), Macedonian general and writer under Seleucus and Antiochus
 * Noël Patrocles de Thoisy (died 1671), early governor general of the French Antilles
 * Patrocles, half-brother of Socrates

title: Patrocles


text:
Bromma

Bromma is a borough (stadsdelsområde) in the western part of Stockholm, Sweden, forming part of the Stockholm Municipality. Bromma is primarily made up of Bromma Parish and Västerled Parish. The fourth largest airport in Sweden and the third largest of the airports close to Stockholm, the Stockholm Bromma Airport, was first built in Bromma in 1936. The south-eastern part of Bromma is one of the richest areas in Stockholm.

Description
The districts that make up the borough are Abrahamsberg, Alvik, Beckomberga, Blackeberg, Bromma kyrka, Bällsta, Eneby, Höglandet, Mariehäll, Nockeby, Nockebyhov, Norra Ängby, Olovslund, Riksby, Smedslätten, Stora Mossen, Södra Ängby, Traneberg, Ulvsunda, Ulvsunda Industriområde, Åkeshov, Åkeslund, Ålsten and Äppelviken. , the population is 59,229 in an area of 24.60 km2, which gives a density of 2,407.68/km2.

Bromma is dotted with tiny forests, parks and lakes, including Judarskogen nature reserve, surrounding Lake Judarn, and the parks around Åkeshov Castle and Ulvsunda Castle. Bromma Church is one of the most distinguished Romanesque churches in the region, celebrated for a complete scheme of wallpaintings by the late medieval artist Albertus Pictor (c. 1440 - c. 1507).

Bromma consists predominantly of high-and medium-income residential neighbourhoods, and the Ulvsunda industrial area. This is situated close to Stockholm-Bromma Airport, the only airport in the city of Stockholm. It was opened in 1936 and serves primarily domestic destinations; with about 1.25 million passengers a year, it is the 2nd largest airport in Stockholm County. Ängby Camping is one of the largest camping lots in Stockholm and is situated close to a large beach by Lake Mälaren.

Famous residents
Bromma is the birthplace of Mats Sundin and Douglas Murray. Per Albin Hansson, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1932 to 1946, lived in Ålsten during the last years of his life, and died on the tram in Ålsten in 1946 (while still the Prime Minister). Martin Eriksson, better known as E-Type, moved to Bromma with his family at the age of 14. Sweden's first man in space, Christer Fuglesang, was raised in Bromma. Nobel Prize laureates Gunnar and Alva Myrdal lived at several locations in Bromma along with their children, including writer Jan Myrdal.

Sport
The local football team Brommapojkarna have played in the Allsvenskan. Although not regarded as a major team in Stockholm, it has the largest youth academy in the world. Its main emphasis on producing technical and fast players. The local icehockey team is GötaTraneberg. Sweden´s most famous basketball team, Alviks BK - founded 1956 - has won the Swedish Championship 19 times since 1963.

Economy
When it operated, the charter airline Scanair had its head office in Bromma.

Notable residents

 * Birgit Rosengren (1912–2011), actress.

title: Bromma


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Talk:Los angelization

Although the term should go to the Wiktionary, this entry should be merged and redirected to urban sprawl. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 16:12, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree and I have made the edit. -Willmcw 00:00, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Los angelization


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/A. J. Hanchett

A. J. Hanchett
A. J. Hanchett was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

Not notable. A google search for Hanchett ajime gives 0 hits (ajime is his claim to fame). Thue | talk 16:12, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete I'm not finding any info on Google for either AJime (the drawing style) or AJ Hanchett (the artist). Gsd97jks 18:23, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Unverifiable and not notable. Geogre 00:00, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not verifiable so probably not notable. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 00:17, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete *plonk* --fvw *  02:24, 2004 Dec 13 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gamaliel 02:27, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Direct material price variance

In variance analysis (accounting) direct material price variance is the difference between the standard cost and the actual cost for the actual quantity of material purchased. It is one of the two components (the other is direct material usage variance) of direct material total variance.

Example
Let us assume that the standard direct material cost of widget is as follows:
 * 2 kg of unobtainium at € 60 per kg ( = € 120 per unit).

Let us assume further that during the given period, 100 widgets were manufactured, using 212 kg of unobtainium which cost € 13,144.

Under those assumptions direct material price variance can be calculated as:

Direct material price variance is because Todd pays too much for steel can be reconciled to direct material total variance by way of direct material usage variance:

spending variance seen as per product cost (212*62)-(200*60) See direct material total variance and direct material usage variance for computations of both components.

title: Direct material price variance


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Tomasz Sikora

Tomasz Sikora (born 21 December 1973) is a former Polish biathlete.

Life and career
Sikora was born in Wodzisław Śląski. In 1993, he finished second in 10 km sprint at the Junior World Championships in Ruhpolding. He was world champion in 1995 (20 km), runner-up in the world championships in 2004 (also 20 km) and bronze medalist in 1997 (team competition). On 25 February 2006 he was placed second in the 15 km mass start at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, winning the second and final medal for Poland in those Olympics.

On 23 March 2006 Sikora won the IBU World Cup sprint title, beating Ole Einar Bjørndalen by 5 points. On January 10, 2009, he took the lead in the overall world cup classification, which he lost 42 days later. At last he was 2nd in overall IBU World Cup 2009 and 2nd in IBU World Cup 2009 sprint. He was chosen the best biathlete 2009, in voting of national team coaches. In 2010 he won the fans' award.

Sikora retired after the 2011–12 season.

Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

Olympic Games
1 medal (1 silver)
 * *Pursuit was added as an event in 2002, with mass start being added in 2006.

World Championships
3 medals (1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze)
 * *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.
 * **Team was removed as an event in 1998, and pursuit was added in 1997 with mass start being added in 1999 and the mixed relay in 2005.

Individual victories
5 victories (1 In, 1 Sp, 1 Pu, 2 MS)
 * *Results are from UIPMB and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games.

title: Tomasz Sikora


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Talk:Zayed Center for Coordination and Follow-Up

ADL as source
When the primary focus of an article is an attack by the ADL, it has "POV edit" written all over it. I have re-written the article with a section on criticism for the ADL business. --H.K. 16:13, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The edits by SlimVirgin contained numerous factual errors which are attributed to the ADL. The Zayed Centre conference which hosted Lyndon LaRouche was mistitled ("The Middle East as a Strategic Crossroads" was the name of LaRouche's speech, not that of the conference) and the statements attributed to LaRouche appear nowhere in the transcript of his address. I have linked the transcript, provided an accurate summary, and retained the SlimVirgin/ADL quotes as general, rather than specific allegations. --H.K. 16:58, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Provide reputable references. The ADL, regardless of the fact that you personally don't like it, is regarded as a reputable source. Don't delete material attributed to the ADL.
 * Slim, you seem to be having a bit of a tantrum here. None of your ADL business was removed; I added a neutral section at the beginning of the article, so that it begins to resemble an NPOV article. Also, I made it clear that the ADL commentary about LaRouche does not refer to his speech at the Zayed Center, which is now properly linked to the article and available for your inspection, so that you can see that Zionists, Christian Zionists and so forth are nowhere mentioned in the speech. In fact, I might suggest that you actually read the current version of this Wikipedia article before reverting it. --H.K. 15:55, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Below are the principles and policies that all editors — including those editors, like yourself, who support or work for Lyndon LaRouche — must adhere to, with no exceptions.

 * Verifiability

 * Cite sources

 * Neutral point of view

 * No original research

Regarding novel narratives involving a new synthesis of information: "An article that makes no new low-level claims, but nonetheless synthesizes work in a non-standard way, is effectively original research that I think we ought not to publish. This comes up most often in history, where there is a tendency by some Wikipedians to produce novel narratives and historical interpretations with citation to primary sources to back up their interpretation of events. Even if their citations are accurate, Wikipedia's poorly equipped to judge whether their particular synthesis of the available information is a reasonable one," Jimbo Wales (WikiEN-l, Dec 6, 2004)

LaRouche supporters inserting LaRouche propaganda

 * Krusty, I am gong to keep on reverting your attempt to insert too much LaRouche material into this article, which is not about a related person or organization, following the ArbCom ruling. That means you're not allowed to use the LaRouche organization as a source, and you're not allowed to draw undue attention to him. Why do you think LaRouche merits more space in this article than, say, President Carter? As for inserting the Center's objectives, it has none. It doesn't exist anymore. Grow up. Slim 19:37, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

Anti-LaRouche activists inserting anti-LaRouche propaganda
You have a curious standard here, which is that you seem to find it appropriate to insert copious amounts of anti-LaRouche propaganda, but find it objectionable to have any rebuttal (in this case, a simple factual report on the content of LaRouche's address to the center. Would you care to explain how you consider that to be propaganda? And it was placed there to correct what was clearly a deceptive misrepresentation of that address.) Perhaps you will find it more satisfactory to remove our respective edits on LaRouche equally. LaRouche is not particularly relevant to an article on the Zayed Center, and I did not originally mention him here; some other editor did.

Now, one other thing: if you are arguing that the objectives of the center are irrelevant to the an article on the center, now that it has been closed, why have an article at all? Unless, of course, you see it as another opportunity for the dissemination of anti-LaRouche propaganda. --H.K. 23:01, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Stop calling me an anti-LaRouche activist. YOU are a self-confessed LaRouche activist, which is why I refer to you as that. I am not an anti-LaRouche activist. I am simply opposed to your poor research methods and your offensive choice of sources.

 * I'm not the person who wrote the Zayed Center article, and I'm not the person who first mentioned LaRouche in it. I suspect it was you who did both, or one of your associates, and that you did it to gain another mention for LaRouche in Wikipedia. Now that the center has been closed amid accusations of anti-Semitism, it has all gone horribly wrong for you, and you would prefer the LaRouche reference to be removed or even the article to be deleted. I have no interest either way. Delete the references, or recommend the article for deletion, as you see fit. The only reason I will keep on reverting is if (a) you attempt to increase the space devoted to LaRouche, (b) delete the references to the ADL without deleting the LaRouche reference entirely, or (3) try to make the center sound more respectable than it was, (unless you do so with reference to reputable third-party sources). Krusty, if you would stop acting as a LaRouche representative, and start acting like a regular Wikipedia editor, you wouldn't have to get yourself tied up in such intellectual knots. Slim 23:14, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've checked the history and it seems the very first editor mentioned LaRouche, though you are the only one who tried to make the center sound respectable. Therefore, I feel the reference should remain, as it was first inserted by someone other than you. However, I have reduced it as a compromise. Do not keep inserting what the center's aims ARE. It has no aims. It doesn't exist. You are being foolish. I suggest, if you feel it is a pointless article, that you suggest it at RfD. Slim 23:25, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

White supremacist article
Herschelkrustofsky, your use of a white supremacist, neo-Nazi magazine and similar suspect sources as references shows you haven't yet got the message, so here again is Wikipedia policy. Please read it this time. Slim 19:42, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

Below are the principles and policies that all editors — including those editors, like yourself, who support or work for Lyndon LaRouche — must adhere to, with no exceptions.

 * Verifiability

 * Cite sources

 * Neutral point of view

 * No original research

Regarding novel narratives involving a new synthesis of information: "An article that makes no new low-level claims, but nonetheless synthesizes work in a non-standard way, is effectively original research that I think we ought not to publish. This comes up most often in history, where there is a tendency by some Wikipedians to produce novel narratives and historical interpretations with citation to primary sources to back up their interpretation of events. Even if their citations are accurate, Wikipedia's poorly equipped to judge whether their particular synthesis of the available information is a reasonable one," Jimbo Wales (WikiEN-l, Dec 6, 2004)

 * I will respond to this (again) for the benefit of readers who have not visited Talk:Dennis King, which is where the issue of the "White supremacist article" came up. I cited a page from an organization (www.ex-iwp.org) of former members of the International Workers Party. It turns out that one such former member, Dan Friedman, wrote an article, which appears on the ex-iwp website, that was published in a magazine called National Alliance, which is completely unrelated to the White Supremacist group with the same name. It is published by the New Alliance Party of Lenora Fulani (who is African-American). The New Alliance Party appears to be an IWP front. --H.K. 13:33, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

NPOV dispute
SlimVirgin argues that since the Center is closed, it is not necessary to have a neutral description of the aims of the Center. However, he apparently does believe that it is necessary to retain the hostile characterization by the ADL. An NPOV article would contain both. --H.K. 21:44, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Since it has been four months since there has been any discussion on this matter, I think we can remove the NPOV tag. Any objections? -Willmcw 10:23, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * None from me. SlimVirgin (talk) 14:24, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

"Semitism"
Would be nice to mention how a lot of the effort of the Center seemed to be devoted to redefining the word "Semitic", and developing an ideology of Semitism according to which Arabs were true Semites, while Jews were merely phoney fake imitation Semites. AnonMoos (talk) 07:37, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

Notability
Since it was abolished 18 years ago, it may not seem notable in 2021, but when it existed it was a semi-notorious irritant well-known to those concerned with hatred of Jews... AnonMoos (talk) 00:47, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

 * It might be notable; there is certainly linkrot and difficulty finding sources after 2 decades. The current article is mostly sourced to their own site, the ADL, and LaRouche's media, which is why I am concerned. User:¾ (alt of power~enwiki,  p,  n ) 21:51, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

 * LaRouche isn't (and shouldn't be) a source for anything about the center; LaRouche is a source for his own bigotry, in accordance with the "Self-published or questionable sources as sources on themselves" section of Verifiability. But the ADL is quite reputable in this particular area. AnonMoos (talk) 07:01, 5 December 2021 (UTC)


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1996–97 FA Premier League

The 1996–97 FA Premier League (known as the FA Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth season of the FA Premier League since its formation in 1992. The majority of the season was contested by the reigning champions, Manchester United, along with Newcastle United, Arsenal and Liverpool. The title was eventually won by Manchester United, after Liverpool's and Newcastle's failure to win in their penultimate games of the season; at 75 points it is the lowest points total for a Premier League champion club and lowest since the 3-1-0 points system was introduced in the 1981–82 season.

Middlesbrough, who had high-profile foreign players like Juninho, Emerson, Fabrizio Ravanelli (who scored 31 goals in all competitions), Branco and Gianluca Festa, were relegated on the final day of the season and were on the losing side in both the FA Cup final and the League Cup final. Middlesbrough finished in 19th place, but would have been placed 14th without a three-point deduction imposed for unilaterally postponing a 21 December 1996 fixture at Blackburn Rovers, with the Middlesbrough board making the decision due to the absence of 23 players ill or injured. The club consulted the Premier League prior to calling off the fixture and was told to do 'what they thought best'. To protect the integrity of the game, and avoid fielding a team of untried teenagers including three goalkeepers, Middlesbrough called off the match. The Premier League subsequently absolved itself of all responsibility and deducted the three points. This sanction meant Coventry City, who had been in the top division since 1967, finished in 17th place and avoided relegation. The decision was controversial, and later resurfaced in 2006–07 when West Ham escaped a points deduction and subsequently avoided relegation.

Another relegation place went to Nottingham Forest, who sacked manager Frank Clark in December. Stuart Pearce took over as temporary player-manager, spending three months in charge and winning the January 1997 Manager of the Month award. In March, Pearce quit as manager to be replaced by Dave Bassett, formerly of Crystal Palace. Also relegated, due to a 1–0 defeat to Wimbledon in their last game of the season, was Sunderland, who were leaving Roker Park after 99 years and relocating to the 42,000-seat Stadium of Light on the banks of the River Wear for the start of the 1997–98 season in Division One.

Teams
Twenty teams competed in the league – the top seventeen teams from the previous season and the three teams promoted from the First Division. The promoted teams were Sunderland, Derby County (both teams returning to the top flight after a five-year absence) and Leicester City (immediately returning to the top flight after a season's absence). This was also both Sunderland and Derby County's first season in the Premier League. They replaced Manchester City, Queens Park Rangers and Bolton Wanderers, who were relegated to the Division One.

Newcastle United broke the world transfer record fee before the season began, paying Blackburn Rovers £15million for England striker Alan Shearer, who went on to top the Premier League goal charts with 25 goals throughout the season. Manchester United, whose efforts to sign Shearer failed, paid a fraction of that fee for Norwegian strike Ole Gunnar Solskjaer, who finished the season as United’s top league scorer on 18 goals, with a further goal on United’s run to their first European Cup semi final since 1969.

The title was won by Manchester United, who topped the table from late January onwards and finished seven points ahead of their nearest rivals Newcastle United, Arsenal and Liverpool. Aston Villa’s fifth place finish was enough for a fourth UEFA Cup campaign in five seasons. Chelsea finished sixth and won the FA Cup to end their 26-year wait for a major trophy, with new Dutch player-manager Ruud Gullit becoming the first foreign manager to win a major trophy with an English club. Arsenal also appointed a foreign manager, Frenchman Arsene Wenger, several games into the season, following the dismissal of Bruce Rioch a few days before the league campaign commenced.

Howard Wilkinson, one of the longest serving managers in the English league, was sacked by Leeds United in September after eight years in charge. He was succeeded by George Graham, who returned to management 18 months after being dismissed by Arsenal for accepting illegal payments from an agent who had overseen two transfers several years earlier.

Newly promoted Leicester City also ended their own long wait for silverware by winning the League Cup, also finishing an impressive ninth in the league.

Blackburn Rovers, bottom of the division and winless until November, a mere 18 months after being league champions, enjoyed an upturn in form after manager Ray Harford resigned, with long serving coach Tony Parkes steering the club to survival before handing over the reins to Roy Hodgson.

Nottingham Forest, UEFA Cup quarter finals the previous season, were relegated in bottom place with just six wins all season. Middlesbrough, with a squad containing several multi million signings including Italian striker Fabrizio Ravanelli, were deducted three points after postponing a mid-season fixture due to an injury and illness crisis - a penalty which ultimately cost them their Premier League status on the final day of the season. They were also losing finalists in both the FA Cup and the League Cup. Coventry City survived relegation at Middlesbrough’s expense. Also going down to Division One were newly promoted Sunderland, in their final season at Roker Park before relocating to the new Stadium of Light.

Wimbledon emerged as surprise title contenders in an excellent first half of the season, peaking at second place in the league in early December before eventually finishing eighth. They also reached the semi finals of both the FA Cup and the League Cup.

There was a major shock just after the end of the campaign, when champions Manchester United announced that their captain Eric Cantona was retiring from football after five seasons at Old Trafford.

Personnel and kits
(as of 11 May 1997)

Hat-tricks

 * Note: 4 Player scored 4 goals; L Player finished on the losing side; (H) – Home; (A) – Away

title: 1996–97 FA Premier League