text:
Jonathan Schell

Jonathan Edward Schell (August 21, 1943 – March 25, 2014) was an American author and visiting fellow at Yale University, whose work primarily dealt with campaigning against nuclear weapons.

Personal
Schell was born in New York City on August 21, 1943, to Orville Hickock Schell Jr., a lawyer who chaired Human Rights Watch, and Marjorie Bertha. He studied at Dalton School in New York and graduated from The Putney School in Vermont. In 1965 he graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Far Eastern history. He then spent a year learning Japanese at the International Christian University in Tokyo.

He was the brother of Suzanne Schell Pearce, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Orville Schell, former Dean of the University of California, Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. and current Arthur Ross Director of the Center on U.S.-China Relations at Asia Society in New York.

Jonathan Schell died at age 70, on March 25, 2014, at his home in Brooklyn, with a cancer caused by an underlying blood condition that may have been caused by Agent Orange. His last years were spent in research on climate change for an unwritten book he titled The Human Shadow.

Career
Schell wrote The Village of Ben Suc when he stopped at Vietnam in 1966, en route back to the United States from Tokyo. The book started as a series of articles in the New Yorker. At just 24, he managed a press pass to Saigon from The Harvard Crimson, whose correspondents helped him to cover the war. He wrote: "Faithful to the initial design, Air Force jets sent their bombs down on the deserted ruins, scorching again the burned foundations of the houses and pulverizing for a second time the heaps of rubble, in the hope of collapsing tunnels too deep and well hidden for the bulldozers to crush—as though, having decided to destroy it, we were now bent on annihilating every possible indication that the village of Ben Suc had ever existed."

His next book, The Military Half: An Account of Destruction in Quang Ngai and Quang Tin, published in 1968, also drew a graphic picture of the devastating effects of American bombings and ground operations on Quảng Ngãi Province and Quảng Tín Province in South Vietnam, as he was a witness to Operation Cedar Falls, writing particularly on the destruction of Ben Suc.

His work appeared in The Nation, The New Yorker, and TomDispatch. The Fate of the Earth received the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, among other awards, and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award, and the National Critics Award. In his words: "Never has a nation unleashed so much violence with so little risk to itself. It is the government's way of waging war without the support of its own people, and involves us all in the dishonor of killing in a cause we are no longer willing to die for."

From 1967 until 1987, he was a staff writer at The New Yorker, where he served as the principal writer of the magazine's Notes and Comment section. He was a columnist for Newsday from 1990 until 1996. He taught at many universities, including Princeton, Emory, New York University, the New School, Wesleyan University and the Yale Law School. At the time of his death he was a visiting lecturer at Yale College.

In the early 1980s, Schell wrote a series of articles in The New Yorker (subsequently published in 1982 as The Fate of the Earth), which were instrumental in raising public awareness about the dangers of the nuclear arms race. He became a persistent advocate for disarmament and a world free of nuclear weapons.

In 1987, he was a fellow at the Institute of Politics at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and in 2002, a fellow at the Kennedy School's Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics, and Public Policy. In 2003, he was a visiting lecturer at Yale Law School, and in 2005, a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at Yale's Center for the Study of Globalization.

From 1998 to his death in 2014 he was a Senior Fellow at The Nation Institute and the Peace and Disarmament Correspondent for The Nation magazine.

In 2002 and 2003, Schell was a persistent critic of the invasion of Iraq. He later commented, "There doesn't seem to be a rush to find the people who were right about Iraq and install them in the mainstream media."

He won George Polk Awards in 1976 and also published essays on the Presidency of Richard Nixon, as well as the aftermath to the Watergate scandal, which led to the president's resignation in 1974, forming the basis to his book, The Time of Illusion.

Reviews, response, and criticism
In 1967, John Mecklin wrote in The New York Times that The Village of Ben Suc, Jonathan Schell's first book, was "written with a skill that many a veteran war reporter will envy, eloquently sensitive, subtly clothed in an aura of detachment, understated, extraordinarily persuasive."

Reviewing The Military Half: An Account of Destruction in Quang Ngai and Quang Tin, journalist and historian Jonathan Mirsky wrote in The Nation: "I know no book which has made me angrier and more ashamed."

On its publication in 1982, The Fate of the Earth was described by Kai Erikson in The New York Times as "a work of enormous force" and "an event of profound historical moment.... [I]n the end, it accomplishes what no other work has managed to do in the 37 years of the nuclear age. It compels us - and compel is the right word - to confront head on the nuclear peril in which we all find ourselves." The book also reflected on the end of love, politics and art, and annihilation of humans as a species. CBS newsman Walter Cronkite called the book "one of the most important works of recent years", which made this book on nuclear disarmament, a commercial success.

In his 'Author's Note' to his collection of five short stories entitled Einstein's Monsters (1987) meaning nuclear weapons, the Anglo-American writer Martin Amis said this about Schell's writings: "And throughout I am grateful to Jonathan Schell, for ideas and imagery. I don't know why he is our best writer on this subject. He is not the most stylish, perhaps, nor the most knowledgeable. But he is the most decorous and, I think, the most pertinent. He has moral accuracy; he is unerring."

Writing in Foreign Affairs magazine, however, David Greenberg called The Fate of the Earth an "overwrought doomsday polemic." Two decades later, in Slate.com, Michael Kinsley characterized it as "an overheated stew of the obvious and the idiotic" and suggested it was "the silliest book ever taken seriously by serious people." The Los Angeles Times noted that "some reviewers found Schell's book shrill and overstated."

Reviewing The Seventh Decade: The New Shape of Nuclear Danger in The New York Times in 2007, Martin Walker characterized it as "a passionate and cogently argued case for the complete abolition of nuclear weapons.... There is little in Schell's book that is new, but his careful assembly of the available evidence will scare the pants off most readers. And so it should."

In 2019, philosopher Akeel Bilgrami described Schell as "one of the great public intellectuals of our time," and described The Fate of the Earth as a "rightly celebrated classic".

The New Yorker editorship succession controversy
In 1977, William Shawn, the longtime editor-in-chief of The New Yorker magazine, designated Schell as his chosen successor to replace him but he was forced to rescind that plan as it proved immediately unpopular with the magazine's staff. Shawn revisited the same plan in 1982 but again withdrew Schell's name from consideration in the face of a staff revolt. Ultimately, upon a change of ownership of the magazine in 1987, Shawn was removed and replaced as editor-in-chief with Robert Gottlieb.

title: Jonathan Schell


text: User talk:65.96.153.177

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:65.96.153.177


text:
Talk:Robert Edmond Grant

Name spelling?
Darwin, Adrian Desmond and James Moore, spells the middle name Edmond - should this page be moved to that spelling? . dave souza 00:09, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Changes of emphasis
Based partly on Desmond's The politics of evolution, which contains extensive material on Grant (and other sources), I see a need for some changes in emphasis in the article, as follows:

 * 1. Grant's influence on Darwin is restricted to the period when CD was a student in Edinburgh. He helped CD turn from medicine to natural history/zoology. I see no evidence that he had any influence on CD's later work on evolution. This needs to be said.

 * 2. Grant's own ideas on evolution were more Geoffroyan than Lamarkian. That needs explanation.

 * 3. The continental influence on G is notable: he was perhaps one of the foremost advocate of French and German ideas in the 1820s to 1840s.

 * 4. The radical politics angle needs to be expanded/better explained.

 * 5. One key biographical question is why his reputation fell so dramatically during his life. Some ideas have been suggested, and these suggestions need to be woven in. Much information about Grant was lost with his bound volume of letters. Macdonald-ross (talk) 18:42, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

Split grant Museum
Shoulnd't it be split from here? FunkMonk (talk) 03:10, 6 January 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Edmond Grant


text: User talk:68.40.68.27

title: User talk:68.40.68.27


text:
Talk:Iranian

Minor Edits and Additions
(1) There is no need to reference Persia here, as it is a marginally related to Iranian. Historical references to "Persia" can be noted in "Iran" section.

(2) Majority of Iranian people are not "Parsi" but are reffered to in English as "Persians". An ethnolinguistic map maybe a way clearing up this issue.

(3) "Persian Emprire" needs not be linked here but can be moved under "Iran". The other links provided at the bottom of the page are already in the text.

(4) I also added an ethnic bar to the side. More info should be added. An image to the top of the bar would be also nice. See other peoples in wikipedia for examples.

(5) The ethnolinguistic map found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Iran_peoples.jpg would be good addition to clear up all the fuss about various ethnolinguistic groups that constitute the Iranian people. I tried to add it here, but didn't work. Someone could do this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.95.0.167 (talk • contribs)

User:Diyako is trying to make an alternative ficticious definition of Newroz
User:Diyako has created an article on a Turkic-Nowruz without mention of its Iranian history and roots. Soon we will here Nowruz has nothing to do with Iran too. His article is Nevruz. This should be merged or edited properly. He has gone on the Turkish discussions to promote it.

Here is what user:Diyako has written;

Nevruz is the spring festival among Turkic-speaking nations, from Turkey to Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan etc. It is very similar to the Iranian festival of Norouz.

According to Turkish legends Nevruz dates back to era of Gökturks.

Th user Diyako is definnityl anti-Iranian and has an anti-Iranian agenda.

Nevruz is not very similar to the Irnian festival of Norouz it is Norouz!

He has claimed the Kurdish flag has nothing to do with Iran and is a crime to fly in Iran. The Kurdish flag is based on the Iranian flag it is even in the memories of the founders of the Mehbad Republic who wanted to showcase their Aryan and Mede heritage. Back then Kurds only had a oral history about their only know ancestors the Mede and Mede heritage, before other ancestors were accepted. The Sun is also very significant element of ancient Iranian and Zorasatrianism. Diyako is misleading everyone. Go to Kurdistan 20 years ago let alone 50 they will say we are Aryans and our own blood relatives are the Persians. The Kurdish flag is not banned in Iran and is based on Iranian colours. This user also claims the Iranians are only a lingustic group after he saw that the tide was against him that Kurds are in definition an Iranian people so he worked to undermine the definition of Iranian people and even Persians with user:Acuman.

69.196.139.250 21:12, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Salaam
Sålaum 5.115.126.129 (talk) 17:55, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Iranian


text:
Talk:DOCSIS

New Information to be added
DOCSIS 3.1 specifications have come out now supporting 10Gbps Down and 1Gbps up. Whiskytaxidriver (talk) 19:59, 30 October 2013 (UTC)

 * That link is lost in time. 404.
 * Regardless. I don't see that 10Gbps download limit established anywhere in the present DOCSIS 3.1 spec. 2601:40D:8101:1900:0:0:0:3 (talk) 09:58, 14 September 2022 (UTC)

Distances and degradation
It would be desirable to have a sentence or two (maybe even a table) on for what distances on the last mile the DOCSIS would provide what bandwidth. --eugrus (talk) 14:28, 25 September 2018 (UTC)

Are maximum number of DOCSIS channels dictated by spec, which this article seems to reference?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS#Comparison

In this "comparison" chart, DOCSIS 3.0 maximum download throughput is stated to be 1Gbps. Where does this 1Gbps figure come from?

At 42.88 Mbps per 6MHz channel for 256-QAM, that means the maximum number of bonded channels is 24. 24 x 42.88 == 1029.12 Mbps. DOCSIS 3.0 is limited to 24 bonded channels? Who says so?

If this is a de facto standard imposed by modem chipset manufacturers, ISPs, et al, this article should say so.

Separately but related. That 42.88 Mbps rate per channel for 256-QAM is obtained by multiplying 8 bits per symbol times the symbol rate 5.360537 Msym/s stated in DOCSIS 3.0 PHY spec. (pg 100). 8 x 5.360537 == 42.884296 Mbps

Likewise, the data rate per channel for 64-QAM can be obtained by multiplying 6 bits per symbol times the symbol rate 5.056941 Msym/s. 6 x 5.056941 == 30.341646 Mbps

-- The 10Gbps download limit stated here for DOCSIS 3.1 does not seem to be established by its corresponding spec, either.

I'm going to have to take down several of my online posts which recited this Wikipedia DOCSIS article.

What an embarrassment. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:40D:8101:1900:0:0:0:3 (talk) 09:51, 14 September 2022 (UTC)

Not overselling
The article says: "Also note that, since in many cases, DOCSIS capacity is shared among multiple users, most cable companies do not sell the maximum technical capacity available as a commercial product, to reduce congestion in case of heavy usage." Cable companies are more or less notorious for over-selling shared capacity. This has been a huge bulk of the complaints about them online and otherwise. Their advertising contains fine print saying the maximum speeds may not be achievable during periods of congestion without clarifying when "congestion" is so they could sell sell whatever the maximum speed of their equipment is and not run into any issues, legally. As regional monopolies on cable internet (with no alternatives such as fiber for modern internet in many areas), user complaints don't really matter. You need to be in a pretty remote area to get gigabit speeds 24/7 on Comcast, for example, and prior to DOCSIS 3.1 they were selling 24/8 stream configs of DOCSIS 3.0 as gigabit despite it being beyond the technological capacity after overheads, which they could get away with by using the pre-overhead data speed somewhere in the fine print. I'd often see people who'd called about this and were told that gigabit ethernet couldn't support faster than ~900Mb/s, which was nice and safe since there was no equipment available to convert the cable signal to any higher speed. I'd say if anything they don't sell it because people don't yet commonly have hardware that supports higher than gigabit speeds and it would just lead to many plan downgrades within the first week of service which doesn't really do much for them. They need at least synthetic speed tests to roughly agree with what they're selling to keep people buying. A Shortfall Of Gravitas (talk) 03:54, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Totally agree. I've removed that dubious uncited sentence. —  void  xor  13:17, 20 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:DOCSIS


text:
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprising

The Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprising, August 209 B.C.– January 208 B.C., was the first uprising against the Qin dynasty following the death of Qin Shi Huang. Led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, the uprising was unsuccessful.

Name
It is also called the Dazexiang uprising as the uprising started in Dazexiang (大泽乡), which translates into "Big Swamp Village".

History
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were both army officers who were ordered to lead their bands of commoner soldiers north to participate in the defense of Yuyang. However, they were stopped halfway in present-day Anhui province by flooding from a severe rainstorm. The harsh Qin laws mandated execution for those who showed up late for government jobs, regardless of the nature of the delay. Figuring that they would rather fight than accept execution, Chen and Wu organized a band of 900 villagers to rebel against the government. The current emperor, Hu Hai, had killed his brother Fusu, who was known for his benevolence, to take the throne, so they rose up in Fusu's name.

There are two stories for this uprising. To convince people to support this uprising, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang wrote "King Chen Sheng" on a piece of silk, and placed it in the belly of a fish. A man in this army bought the fish and was surprised to find the message. They also taught animals to say "Da Chu flourishes, King Chen Sheng" to make people believe in them.

With Chen's men declaring him king of the former Kingdom of Chu, he and Wu became the centre of armed uprisings all over China. Over the course of just a few months, their strength grew to around ten thousand men, a force composed mostly of discontented peasants. However, in less than a year, their uprising faced serious trouble; their force was no match for the highly skilled battlefield tactics of the professional Qin soldiers and both Chen and Wu were assassinated by their own men.

While their insurrection was ultimately unsuccessful, Wu and Chen set up the example that was to be followed by Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. Their spirit can be summed up in Chen's quote "王侯将相宁有种乎？" (traditional Chinese: 王侯將相寧有種乎, pinyin: wáng hóu jiàng xiàng nìng yǒu zhǒng hū; "Are kings and nobles given their high status by birth?"), meaning that every human, regardless of birth, can become something great if he applies himself.

Historical materials
There is a biography of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, which is called aristocratic family of Chen Sheng, in Records of the Grand Historian. The main points of the passage are as follows. Chen Sheng was a tenant who was born in Henan province and Wu Guang was his townsman. When Chen Sheng was young, he used to plow with some peasants. One day, he felt tired, then he stopped working and went to a hill for a rest.

At that time, he said to his companions "If someone among us rises to power and position, please don't forget us." ("苟富贵，无相忘.")

His companions laughed at him and said "You are a tenant, how can you be rich and powerful?" ("若为佣耕，何富贵也?")

Chen Sheng sighed and said "How can a sparrow comprehend the ambition of a swan?" ("燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉?")

Later on, Chen Sheng became an army officer, and led the uprising with Wu Guang, his deputy. Wu Guang was a kind and influential man, but nothing more could be found about him from the history records.

title: Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprising


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Al wilson jr.

Al wilson jr. was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

I'm not sure if this is patent nonsense, or just something odd by someone with really bad grammar. Google and IMDB seem to suggest a hoax. --fvw *  00:13, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)
 * If he really did run for governor of Illinois, there would most likely be at least one Google hit confirming it. Delete. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 02:01, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: No verification, and no capital letter for his last name (a very bad sign). All indications are hoax.  They get really bored in Martinez, GA.  Geogre 02:08, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - no google hits suggests hoax. --Spangineer ∞ 02:20, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete - Any article that calls running for senator and governor a 'film' should be classed as patent nonsense. - Andre Engels 02:51, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, by definition any bio with an uncapitalized surname got here for all the wrong reasons. Wyss 03:37, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain. This garbled article seems less like a hoax (who would be hoaxed by this incoherent stuff?) than a jumbled cryptogram, or possibly a disasteras if bits of several different articles somehow were coughed up from a blender. The only thing approaching partial verification I could quickly find is that there appears to be a color film on VHS, narrated by Robert Vaughan, entitled Kennedy's Ireland / Dublin Productions. [S.l.]: MPI Home Video, [1991]. "Abstract: Travel with J.F. Kennedy on his 1963 trip back to his roots in Ireland. Includes film footage from the tour, excerpts from his speeches, and historic reenactments of Irish history." I haven't seen the movie myself, but in the movie, the actor who plays JFK is JFK (both politician and actor). I suspect that this article might have been created in the course of a game.68.239.124.115 03:49, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Is the glass half empty or half full

Possible joke? Masterhomer 00:14, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC) Decided to unVfd it. Masterhomer 00:21, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Music of West Virginia

West Virginia's folk heritage is a part of the Appalachian folk music tradition, and includes styles of fiddling, ballad singing, and other styles that draw on Ulster-Scots music.

West Virginia consists of a mostly rural region, although its few relatively urban centers are prominent spots of musical innovation. The Capitol Music Hall, in Wheeling, is the oldest performing place of its kind in the state, and has hosted a wide variety of acts, from national tours to the local Wheeling Symphony Orchestra.

Other music institutions in West Virginia include the Mountaineer Opera House in Milton. The West Virginia Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1939, as the Charleston Civic Orchestra, before becoming the Charleston Symphony Orchestra in 1943. The first conductor was William R. Wiant, followed by the prominent conductor Antonio Modarelli, of the Wheeling Symphony Orchestra.

The town of Glenville has long been home to the annual West Virginia State Folk Festival.

Music history
West Virginia's historical contributions to musical development include WWVA Jamboree, a radio show that began in 1933 and soon became a very prominent regional show, based out of the Capitol Music Hall in Wheeling. WWVA, the radio station that has long broadcast WWVA Jamboree, hosts the Jamboree in the Hills every July in St. Clairsville, Ohio, just across the border from Wheeling.

The town of Oak Hill was the site of country legend Hank Williams' death, which is commemorated by a plaque in front of the public library in Oak Hill.

Daniel Johnston, born in California, grew up in New Cumberland.

Notable musicians

 * Hasil Adkins, rockabilly musician
 * Elbern Alkire, Hawaiian guitar
 * Cuba Austin, jazz drummer
 * Leon "Chu" Berry, jazz saxophonist
 * Andy Boarman, banjo and autoharp player
 * Byzantine, melodic death metal band
 * Mark Carman, gospel, country Grammy-nominated producer, musician, songwriter
 * Wilma Lee Cooper and Stoney Cooper, country
 * Billy Cox, bassist for Jimi Hendrix
 * George Crumb, composer
 * Hazel Dickens, bluegrass singer from Mercer County
 * Little Jimmy Dickens, country singer
 * Ed Haley, old-timey fiddler from Logan County
 * Hawkshaw Hawkins, country singer
 * Blind Joe Hill, blues singer, one-man band
 * Frank Hutchison, country blues and Piedmont blues musician and songwriter
 * Johnnie Johnson, piano player and blues musician
 * Dick Justice, blues and folk musician
 * Musa Kaleem, jazz saxophonist and flautist
 * Karma to Burn, progressive alternative-metal band
 * The Lilly Brothers, bluegrass musicians
 * The Love Coats, acoustic rock/pop
 * Kathy Mattea, country singer
 * Mind Garage, psychedelic rock
 * Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr., jazz singer
 * John & Emery McClung Brothers & old-time musicians ca. 1930
 * Tex McGuire, old-time musician
 * Tim O'Brien, bluegrass musician
 * Mollie O'Brien, bluegrass, Americana
 * Molly O'Day, pioneering country vocalist
 * Brad Paisley, country singer and songwriter from Wheeling. Has had 5 #2 albums on the Billboard 200 from 2005 to 2014.
 * Don Redman, jazz arranger and clarinetist
 * Blind Alfred Reed, fiddler & composer
 * Carl Rutherford, blues guitarist and singer from War, West Virginia
 * Jim Savarino, singer/songwriter
 * Art Simmons, jazz pianist
 * Michael W. Smith, contemporary Christian music star
 * Red Sovine, country
 * Johnny Staats, bluegrass mandolin
 * Eleanor Steber, operatic soprano
 * Steve Whiteman, lead singer of Kix
 * The Williamson Brothers, folk
 * Garland Wilson, jazz pianist
 * Melvin Wine, recipient of a National Heritage Fellowship
 * Bill Withers, R&B musician, had a #1 Billboard Hot 100 hit with "Lean on Me" in 1972.
 * Frankie Yankovic, polka musician
 * Zao, metalcore band

title: Music of West Virginia


text: Talk:Teresa Salgueiro

title: Talk:Teresa Salgueiro


text: User talk:70.23.33.103

title: User talk:70.23.33.103


text:
Arteritis

Arteritis is a vascular disorder characterized by inflammation of the walls of arteries, usually as a result of infection or autoimmune responses. Arteritis, a complex disorder, is still not entirely understood. Arteritis may be distinguished by its different types, based on the organ systems affected by the disease. A complication of arteritis is thrombosis, which can be fatal. Arteritis and phlebitis are forms of vasculitis.

Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of general arteritis may include:
 * Inflammation
 * Fever
 * Increased production of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
 * Limping
 * Reduced pulse

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of arteritis is based on unusual medical symptoms. Similar symptoms may be caused by a number of other conditions, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome (both heritable disorders of connective tissue), tuberculosis, syphilis, spondyloarthropathies, Cogans' syndrome, Buerger's, Behcet's, and Kawasaki disease. Various imaging techniques may be used to diagnose and monitor disease progression. Imaging modalities may include direct angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and ultrasonography.

Angiography is commonly used in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis, especially in the advanced stages of the disease, when arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysms may be observed. However, angiography is a relatively invasive investigation, exposing patients to large doses of radiation, so is not recommended for routine, long-term monitoring of disease progression in patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Computed tomography angiography can determine the size of the aorta and its surrounding branches, and can identify vessel wall lesions in middle to late stages of arteritis. CTA can also show the blood flow within the blood vessels. Like angiography, CTA exposes patients to high dosages of radiation.

Magnetic resonance angiography is used to diagnose Takayasu arteritis in the early stages, showing changes such as the thickening of the vessel wall. Even small changes may be measured, making MRA a useful tool for monitoring disease progression without exposing patients to the radiation of direct angiography or CTA. MRA is an expensive investigation, and shows calcification of the aorta and distal branches less clearly than other imaging methods.

Ultrasonography is an ideal method of diagnosing patients in early stages of arteritis when inflammation in the vessel walls occurs. It can also show the blood flow within the blood vessels. Ultrasonography is a popular first-line investigation for diagnosis because it is relatively quick, cheap, noninvasive, and does not expose patients to radiation. It is also used for long-term monitoring of disease progression in Takayasu arteritis. Not all vascular lesions are visible on ultrasound, and the accuracy of the scan depends, to some extent, on the person reading the scan, as the results are observed in real time.

Types
Arteritis may be primary or secondary to some other disease process. The primary types are:

An example of a secondary arteritis is arteritis caused by infection with the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.

Giant cell arteritis
Giant cell arteritis contains two different types of arteritides that are almost indistinguishable from one another. It includes two types, temporal arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Both types contain an occupancy of medium- and larger-sized arteries which are categorized based on the infiltration of the giant cells.

Takayasu arteritis
This type of arteritis is most common in females, with a median age of 25 years. Takayasu arteritis is more common in women of Asian descent who are in their reproductive years. However, over the past decades, its incidence in Africa, Europe, and North America has been increasing. Takayasu arteritis is an inflammatory disease that mainly affects the larger vessels such as the aorta and its surrounding branches. Research focused on Takayasu arteritis in the western parts of the world remains limited. An estimation suggests that, each year, the number of cases per million people is 2.6.

Temporal arteritis
Temporal arteritis, the second type of giant cell arteritis, is also a chronic, inflammatory disease involving mid- to large-sized arteries. Temporal arteritis has a higher incidence in people of Scandinavian descent. However, the incidence rate differs based on population, region and races. Temporal arteritis is not uncommon in North America. The incidence rate is around 0.017% for individuals over 50 years of age.

Symptoms of temporal arteritis are classified as specific and nonspecific.

Nonspecific symptoms:
 * Headache
 * Low grade fever
 * Sweating
 * Anorexia (loss of appetite)
 * Weight loss
 * General malaise

Specific symptoms:
 * Claudication of the jaw
 * Engorged, tender vessels

Specific symptoms usually develop in the advanced stages of temporal arteritis. These symptoms can include damage to eyesight and sudden blindness in one or both eyes.

Polyarteritis nodosa of unknown mechanism can cause testicular pain. It is often associated with aneurysms and Hepatitis B.

Medications
The first-line treatment for arteritis is oral glucocorticoid (steroid) medication, such as prednisone, taken daily for a period of three months. After this initial phase, the medication may be reduced in dose or frequency, e.g. every other day, if possible. If the disease worsens with the new treatment schedule, a cytotoxic medication may be given, in addition to the glucocorticoid. Commonly used cytotoxic agents include azathioprine, methotrexate, or cyclophosphamide. The dose of glucocorticoid medication may be decreased if response to treatment is good. This medication may be reduced gradually once the disease becomes inactive, slowly tapering the dose (to allow the body time to adjust) until the medication may be stopped completely. Conversely, if the disease remains active, the medication will need to be increased. After six months, if the medication cannot be reduced in frequency to alternate days, or if in 12 months the medications cannot be stopped completely, then treatment is deemed to have failed.

Pulsed therapy is an alternative method of administering the medications above, using much higher doses over a short period of time (a pulse), to reduce the inflammation within the arteries. Methylprednisolone, a glucocorticoid, is often used for pulse therapy; cyclophosphamide is an alternative. This method has been shown to be successful for some patients. Immunosuppressive pulse therapy, such as with cyclophosphamide, has also demonstrated relief of symptoms associated with arteritis.

title: Arteritis


text:
Opopanax chironium

Opopanax chironium, common name Hercules' all-heal, is a herb of the family Apiaceae.

Subspecies

 * Opopanax chironium subsp. chironium
 * Opopanax chironium subsp. bulgaricum (Vel.) N.Andreev

Description
Opopanax chironium grows 1 - 3 m high. This perennial herb has a branching stem, thick and rough close to the base. Leaves are serrate, pinnate, with long petioles. It produces a large, flat, yellow inflorescence at the top of the branches.

Uses
A gum resin (mostly gum) known as opopanax can be extracted from this plant by cutting at the base of a stem and sun-drying the juice that flows out. It has a strong unpleasant odor, unlike the perfumery's opopanax which is aromatic.

The resin has been used in the treatment of spasms, and, before that, as an emmenagogue, in the treatment of asthma, chronic visceral infections, hysteria and hypochondria. Opopanax resin is most frequently sold in dried irregular pieces, though tear-shaped gems are not uncommon.

Distribution and habitat
The plant thrives in warm climates like Iran, Italy, Greece and Turkey, but also grows in cooler climates. Some view opopanax grown in cooler climates as being of inferior quality.

title: Opopanax chironium


text:
User:Simonides/More morons

A whino assortment from the unwashed Wikipedia-editing hordes, with occasional exceptions

Vandalism
Stop vandalizing the Nagaland article. If you persist, I'll call in the Arbitration Committee. David Cannon 23:41, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Go ahead. You're far out of your depth, not least because the arbcom will dismiss your case right away as you have made no attempt at discussion nor understood what arbitration is about. -- Simonides 23:58, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * And apparently the dispute had to do with the map, which I just replaced in that article. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 04:47, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

Simonides, are you content with the new map? I've been asked to unprotect, and I'm eager to do so, if the map has been resolved. Please let me know on my talk page. If there are still issues, please let me know that, too, as the reasoning for the disagreement was obscure to me as an outsider. Geogre 23:41, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Simonides, I've gone back to the discussion page, and I now see what it is that you're objecting to. Would it be fair to say that your objection is not to Nagaland, but to the image of India that's being used there, and in pretty much every other India-related article that carries a map? If so, wouldn't the better discussion to be at Images for Deletion or editing images, since it's really a global rather than localized article concern? I'm going to unprotect the page for now. I have no knowledge or POV on the various concerns of India/Pakhistan, so my unprotection is not a comment on how I feel about the map. I do hope, however, that you are able to prevail upon the general community to get a better general India map, if that's the concern, and let it, perhaps, have shaded areas for contested regions or something similar. Geogre 02:42, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Geogre, thank you for the note, I have replied at Talk:Nagaland. -- Simonides 23:24, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Confused chickens cackling
Hey there, just wanted to drop you a note to tell you that I appreciate and support the work you're doing in keeping the Template:In the news section properly formatted, correct and especially balanced. Good work, and I'm with you. -- [[User:Solitude|Solitude\talk]] 22:47, Nov 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks. -- Simonides 23:01, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Why did you unilaterally add a requirement to the in the news section on the Main Page guidelines without first discussing it? To then use that unilateral change to justify deleting entries to the template seems morally questionable to me. Gentgeen 22:56, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * It appears unilateral. Why not take a look at the (at least three) long discussions over several months that have gone into debating the content patterns of the ITN template before puffing up with moral righteousness? -- Simonides 23:01, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * What I see on Wikipedia talk:in the news section on the Main Page is a proposal by you in late June about adding the no more than one item per country requirement. The proposal was objected to specifically, and therefore no consensus to add it to the guidelines has been established.  However, 5 months later you decided to simply add the requirement to the guideline and use it as an argument in an edit war. Gentgeen 23:16, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * The less you look for, the less you'll find, obviously. There is another archived debate on the Template talk page apart from an ongoing one there and at the Village Pump. I have no intention of summarising it all up yet again, so look for it yourself before getting bombastic. -- Simonides 11:51, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * On the contrary, Simonides' proposal appears to be the logical result of a consensus about the inadequacies of the News page. Only one user seriously objected. - Xed 03:08, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes. Thanks. -- Simonides 11:51, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

DO NOT unilaterally add "rules" to any page without a clear consensus (e.g. straw poll, or no serious objections in casual discussions) from the community first. Regardless of your opinions on US-centrism, "There should be no more than one story relating to the same country" is NOT Wikipedia policy. Do not add it again before obtaining a clear community consensus (which you do not have, for I myself and a number of users I know are very much against this addition). BLANKFAZE | (что??) 22:15, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * The consensus has been requested repeatedly, and no effort has been made by frequent Wikipedia editors to acknowledge, much less work against this bias which, needless to say, the same frequent Wikipedia editors who "are very much against this addition" exhibit themselves. If there is some controversy over the rules, all the better, pay attention to the fact that something needs to be done and do it now, instead of twiddling thumbs and waiting months to debate or block or poll or vote or post or argue or etc. while the shit carries on. Just as importantly, don't try to bully less frequent editors into kowtowing to a minority opinion of right and wrong. -- Simonides 22:21, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Please do not revert Template:In the news again. You are violating the Wikipedia:Three-revert rule|three-revert rule. Thank you. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (hopefully!)]] 22:28, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * I haven't actually. Only two reverts made so far, others were edits. You might like to watch out yourself. -- Simonides 22:31, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * No, you've been reverting. You are violating the 3RR. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (hopefully!)]] 22:34, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

And now it's protected. Please do not violate the 3RR - if people are reverting you there must be a reason. This should be discussed at template talk:in the news rather than a brute-force attempt at adding the notice. violet/riga (t) 22:37, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * If you revert either Template:In the news or In the news section on the Main Page one more time, I'm going to ban you. →Raul654 23:23, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * On what basis? Like blankfaze, neutrality, and other yellow bellied poodles, you would rather resort to bureaucracy than acknowledge a global Wikipedia problem and work against it. Self-satisfaction comes so much easier. -- Simonides 23:47, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Judging by some of your edits it seems that you think that your opinion is the only one that counts. Please avoid revert wars and discuss things more thoroughly. Even more importantly please avoid both directed and generalised insults. You've now had two pages protected because of your reversions - hopefully they can soon be unprotected and you won't add your opinion again without community consensus. violet/riga (t) 00:00, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I appreciate your spirit, young lady, but I think you should clock up a few more worthwhile, long articles before strutting around to lecture me or anyone else here. Take care. -- Simonides 00:06, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Continue like this and I'll see you in arbitration. And as for "worthwhile, long articles" I think you'll find I have plenty to my name. violet/riga (t) 00:09, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Do go ahead and find out what arbitration is all about. And I'm happy to know you have several worthwhile articles to your name, but that's not what I questioned. -- Simonides 00:14, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Odd, you don't seem to have "questioned" anything. I know about arbitration.  I also know about blocking and will block you if you continue to add your own rules to the ITN and Current Events articles without discussing them first. violet/riga (t) 00:17, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I questioned your ability to be a judge of anything, to have written enough "worthwhile" (ie controversial but of a somewhat complex nature) articles to understand what was going on here. Your silly threats, and those of the admin before you, only consolidate what I have written above about your inability to defend your POV, taking refuge in petty penknife-brandishing to stay complacent rather than correct a problem that has been argued about for months but which no admin has bothered with. -- Simonides 00:24, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * LOL I find it very funny when people try to judge a persons intelligence over the Internet. I suggest you read up what POV means, what a community consensus is and, basically, how to interact with other people on Wikipedia. violet/riga (t) 07:43, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * You demonstrate yet again your inability to contribute anything substantial to this issue. -- Simonides 21:40, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * This isn't the place to decide policy and I've not tried to suggest a compromise - just explained that you are wrong and will not be able to force your rules onto everyone. Here I'm actually just talking about you and your inability to communicate in a sensible fashion. violet/riga (t) 07:38, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Not only is it obvious to any literate person with adequate intelligence and exposure that I'm not wrong, but I don't need to force anything, and I have been communicating exactly what I want and and how I want to without any unsolicited advice, with as much or more sense than anyone of my respondents has been capable of. If this Talk page is not a place to discuss policy, I suggest you stick to a place that does, instead of getting increasingly inane with every attempt at a last word. -- Simonides 13:12, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Hi Simonides, just also wanted to chip-in that I support your general intention of broadening the international view of ITN. It looks like you are swimming against the tide and perhaps the stress is showing. Fortunately tides can turn, although it usually takes a little time. -- Solipsist 08:51, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Edit war
Please refrain from continuing the reversions of the Village pump (news) page. If you do it again you will be in violation of the three revert rule. I have explained on my talk why it's being done - you're just being very petty over whether it should be linked or included. violet/riga (t) 00:08, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh dearie, you should read up the guidelines like I suggested and so much will finally make sense! Like what you're supposed to be doing as opposed to what you obsess over - take care! -- Simonides 00:14, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Please refer to Three revert rule. You are in violation of that rule and, under the Three revert rule enforcement proposal would now face a temporary block.  violet/riga (t) 00:40, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Complete nonsense. I edited the section so that my comments could be seen as part of the discussion, which is how they appeared originally. Persist and I'll see you at the Arbcom page. -- Simonides 00:47, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * You reverted three times, simple as that. You're being ridiculous about this - your posting on the VP was not harmed by changing it to a link, which is the much better way of sorting it out.  Discussion of that topic should be at it's talk page.  As it is, it doesn't really seem to have generated a great deal of discussion or support anyway, so I guess we'll just take it as your policy suggestion being rejected. violet/riga (t) 00:53, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * What you take it as does not extend to what all other people take it as, sweetie. As for who is being ridiculous, I think a look at your edits today - all centred around "what Simonides did" - should make it clear to the neutral observer. And your idea of "a great deal of discussion" for a section that extends far beyond the average screen length is quaint to say the least; but good luck with the rest of your stuck-on-Simonides day/evening. -- Simonides 01:02, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh dear, you really are a sad case aren't you. violet/riga (t) 09:08, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Irony. -- Simonides 21:36, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Just when I think this place is populated by sensible people I come across you. Please stop acting like a 12-year old child just because somebody disagrees with you. violet/riga (t) 10:52, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I guess you didn't click on the link I provided. -- Simonides 20:51, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd love it if you'd follow this link to be honest. Oh, and how's the vote going? violet/riga (t) 21:07, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * As I wrote on your user page, Wikipedia talk pages are meant to improve articles; if you just want my constant attention, send an email, and I'll reply with my phone number and other contact details. That way you can shower me with your inanities 24 hrs a day in the hope that I'll stalk you in return! -- Simonides 21:14, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Do NOT remove categories until the vote to keep/delete is over
(Notice: Please do not change the name of this original message to you as you did by inserting the belittling name of " == Do NOT rain on my Zionist parade == " see what you did at:, as it is a violation of Wikipedia's functioning. Thank you. IZAK 10:22, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC))
 * I know exactly what I did and I don't need a link to help me remember. And no, it is not a violation of anything. Kindly stop cluttering my Talk page with your time-wasting idiocies. -- Simonides 04:14, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi, since you have placed the Category:Jewish Russian people up for a vote to keep or delete, please DO NOT remove the category from the pages in this category until AFTER the vote is over! I am reverting your changes until a consensus is reached. IZAK 11:55, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * According to Categorization_of_people it is well within the guidelines to remove extremely contentious categories. -- Simonides 12:15, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

NO! Read what is says on the very same sign that YOU placed on the Category:Jewish Russian people page: "This category has been listed for deletion or renaming. Please see this page's entry on the categories for deletion page for the proposal, justification, and discussion. Please do not remove this notice or empty the category while the question is being considered." Note well the plain English words of the  sign, and if you  go ahead and "empty the category while the question is being considered" you are in violation of Wikipedia policies and will have this marked against you in a RfC and an eventual RfA if necessary. Be warned! IZAK 14:03, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Don't be silly. No one "emptied the category", but I did remove the category from articles where it doesn't belong. And it's not a little amusing how you threaten me with an RfC or Arbitration, considering how many years you've spent being RfCed and RfAed yourself. -- Simonides 20:51, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I am not being "silly" and you well know it. Yes, I have been at Wikipedia a while, but so far, only very recently have I had exactly ONE RfC and RFA opened against me, both unresolved thus far as most people have been supportive of me and my ability to work in a NPOV fashion (which you seem hard-put to appreciate for some myterious reason best known to yourself.) You may think that I am someone else, but I am only myself, the one and only original "IZAK" on Wikipedia. Take care. IZAK 10:20, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * "as most people have been supportive of me and my ability to work in a NPOV fashion"...Snort - yes, your pals in ignorance and prejudice, I know, Wikipedia is infested with them. Spin another. -- Simonides 04:14, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Why are you "clustering" and "bunching up" Categories on pages?
Hi again Simonides: I noticed that when you edited some pages you "clustered" or "bunched" the names of Categories and Languages templates on some pages. This makes it very difficult to both read and edit the pages as one must then wade through the too tightly and too closely-spaced Categories and Language templates. To leave them in a readable and streamlined list makes it easier to see, read, and most importantly edit, such as when one is considering where to place the name of new Category and Language templates to a page. Here are two examples of what I mean: Thanks. IZAK 10:46, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Ilja Grigorjewitsch Ehrenburg
 * With Ilya Ehrenburg you did this :
 * This is much nicer and clearer and easier to edit (ignore the one-line space between them, as on a "real time" page there would not be a line between them):

Ilja Grigorjewitsch Ehrenburg

Boris Leonidowitsch Pasternak Borís Pasternak Boris PASTERNAK Boris Leonidovich Pasternak Boris Pasternak Boris Pasternak Borys Pasternak Boris Pasternak
 * With Boris Pasternak you did this  :
 * This is so much nicer and clearer and easier to edit (ignore the one-line space between them, as on a "real time" page there would not be a line between them):

Boris Leonidowitsch Pasternak

Borís Pasternak

Boris PASTERNAK

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak

Boris Pasternak

Boris Pasternak

Borys Pasternak

Boris Pasternak

 * Please don't fill up my Talk page with trivial questions that could be a lot briefer. The cats are put closer together to lessen the white space that tends to follow between links and the category bar, which can be excessive when there are too many categories, as those who have been here a while know. -- Simonides 04:05, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Grow up and stop insulting people over the intarweb (here and on other talk pages). violet/riga (t) 09:41, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not old enough to belong to a special home like you, I admit, but it would be useful if you kept your nose stuck in your trashy time-wasting affairs. -- Simonides 16:07, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi Simonides: I agree with user violet/riga that you need to be more "civil". I have been at Wikipedia two years, so I am a veteran. I am in the top 100 Wikipedia editors see List of Wikipedians by number of edits presently at 64 with over 10,000+ edits and I was one of the first to utilize Wikipedia Categories on a lrge scale in Category:Jews and Judaism, so I can judge very well that what you say is not true! An average Wikipedia article uses less than "page" (I am not sure that we need concern ourselves with sacriicing "space", as usage is an imoprtnat issue, and there is no problem at all in having the listing of "Categories" and "Language versions" run down in a line rather than "bunch them up" as you have tended to do. So I would ask that you please stop it, because what you are doing makes it much harder for those of us using the categories to edit them with ease rather than having to wade through a "cluster" that is hard to unravel and makes errors more likely to occur. Thanks for your consideration of this issue. IZAK 10:59, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * 1) The white space is an aesthetic, not a usage issue. I will continue to edit as I see fit, because cutting out white space on long articles makes it a lot easier to read the categories - the priority is the reader, not the editor. 2) I know you have too much time on your hands, you don't need to prove it. Use some of it to sort out the clutter, on the page and in your mind. -- Simonides 16:07, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Edit summaries
Dear Simonides, the personal attacks and snide, arrogant remarks in your edit summaries have become tiresome. Please stop that, thank you. Wyss 00:35, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Please stop
Please stop the personal attacks, dispute-driven false accusations of poicy violations at the administrators' noticeboard and edit warring by revert. Thank you. Wyss 04:55, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Your conduct
The false accusations, personal attacks and misleading statements you have made about me on sundry pages of WP are reprehensible, abusive and disruptive. Please stop immediately.

I strongly suggest we avoid each other entirely for now, which would include even references to each other on user talk pages. A sarcastic or accusatory reply from you to this posting will be interpreted as further abuse.

Therefore, let's simply agree for now that we have no viable common means of communication and are sadly incapable of maintaining any exchange between us whatsoever which conforms to Wikipedia's written policy.

Thank you for your time and while I emphatically deny your accusations, I am sorry that we have been unable to find any way to collaborate on developing content for Wikipedia. You have my best wishes, however, for a rewarding and pleasant Wikipedia experience. Wyss 20:52, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Simonides/More morons


text:
Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon

The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, also known as the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, the Tsangpo Canyon, the Brahmaputra Canyon or the Tsangpo Gorge ('), is a canyon along the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It is the deepest canyon in the world, and at 504.6 km is slightly longer than the Grand Canyon in the United States, making it one of the world's largest. The Yarlung Tsangpo (Tibetan name for the upper course of the Brahmaputra) originates near Mount Kailash and runs east for about 1700 km, draining a northern section of the Himalayas before it enters the gorge just downstream of Pei, Tibet, near the settlement of Zhibe. The canyon has a length of about 240 km as the gorge bends around Mount Namcha Barwa (7782 m) and cuts its way through the eastern Himalayas. Its waters drop from about 2900 m near Pei to about 1500 m at the end of the Upper Gorge where the Po Tsangpo River enters. The river continues through the Lower Gorge to the Indian border at an elevation of 660 m. The river then enters Arunachal Pradesh and eventually becomes the Brahmaputra.

Canyon depth
As the canyon passes between the peaks of the Namcha Barwa (Namjabarwa) and Gyala Peri mountains, it reaches an average depth of about 5,000 m (16,000 feet) around Namcha Barwa. The canyon's average depth overall is about 2,268 m (7,440 feet), the deepest depth reaches 6,009 m (19,714 feet). This is the greatest canyon depth on land. This part of the canyon is at 29.76974°N, 94.98985°W. Namcha Barwa, 7,782 m (25,531 feet) high, is at 29.62583°N, 95.05722°W, and Gyala Peri, at 7,234 m (23,733 feet), is at 29.81333°N, 94.96722°W.

Ecosystem
The gorge has a unique ecosystem with species of animals and plants barely explored and affected by human influence. Its climate ranges from subtropical to Arctic, and it has several different vegetation zones: Lowland tropical forests, including the tropical rainforest and seasonal tropical forests; tropical montane and subtropical broad-leaved forest; subalpine temperate coniferous forest; subalpine cool coniferous forest; alpine shrubland and tundra. The highest temperature in Tibet is 43.6 C and is recorded near the border of India at about 600 m above sea level. The rare takin is one of the animals hunted by the local tribes.

The canyon is home of a Himalayan cypress (Cupressus torulosa) that is 102.3 m tall and, upon its discovery in 2023, is believed to be the tallest tree in Asia.

The Everest of Rivers

Western interest in the Tsangpo began in the 19th century when British explorers and geographers speculated where Tibet's east-flowing Tsangpo ended up, suspecting the Brahmaputra. Since British citizens were not allowed to enter Tibet they recruited Indian "pundits" to do the footwork. Kinthup from Sikkim entered the gorge near Gyala, but it proved to be impenetrable. In 1880 Kinthup was sent back to test the Brahmaputra theory by releasing 500 specially marked logs into the river at a prearranged time. His British boss Captain Henry Harman posted men on the Dihang-Brahmaputra to watch for their arrival. However, Kinthup was sold into slavery, escaped, and ended up employed at a monastery. On three leaves of absence he managed to craft the logs, send a letter from Lhasa with his new intended schedule, and send off the logs. Four years had passed. Unfortunately his note to alert the British got misdirected, his boss had left India, and nobody checked for the appearance of the logs.

In 1913, Frederick Marshman Bailey and Henry Morshead launched an expedition into the gorge that finally confirmed that the Tsangpo was indeed the upper Brahmaputra. Frank Kingdon-Ward started an expedition in 1924 in hopes of finding a major waterfall explaining the difference in altitude between the Tsangpo and the Brahmaputra. It turned out that the gorge has a series of relatively steep sections. Among them was a waterfall he named "Rainbow Falls", not as big as he had hoped.

The area was closed after China invaded Tibet and disputed the location of the border in the Sino-Indian War. The Chinese government resumed issuing permits in the 1990s. Since then the gorge has also been visited by kayakers. It has been called the "Everest of Rivers" because of the extreme conditions. The first attempt was made in 1993 by a Japanese group who lost one member on the river. In October 1998 an expedition sponsored by the National Geographic Society attempted to kayak the entire gorge. Troubled by unanticipated high water levels, it ended in tragedy when Doug Gordon was lost. In January–February 2002 an international group with Scott Lindgren, Steve Fisher, Mike Abbott, Allan Ellard, Dustin Knapp, and Johnnie and Willie Kern completed the first full descent of the upper Tsangpo gorge section.

The largest waterfalls of the gorge (near Tsangpo Badong, Chinese: 藏布巴东瀑布群 ) were visited in 1998, by a team consisting of Ken Storm, Hamid Sarder, Ian Baker and their Monpa guides. They estimated the height of the falls to be about 108 ft. The falls and rest of the Pemako area are sacred to Tibetan Buddhists who had concealed them from outsiders including the Chinese authorities. In 2005 Chinese National Geography named them China's most beautiful waterfalls.

There are two waterfalls in this section: Rainbow Falls (about 70 ft high) at 29.77716°N, 95.18341°W and Hidden Falls just downstream at 29.77602°N, 95.18197°W (about 100 ft high).

Yarlung Tsangpo Hydroelectric and Water Diversion Project
While the government of the PRC has declared the establishment of a "Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon National Reservation", there have also been governmental plans and feasibility studies for a major dam to harness hydroelectric power and divert water to other areas in China. The size of the dam in the Tsongpo gorge would exceed that of Three Gorges Dam as it is anticipated that such a plant would generate 50,000 megawatts of electricity, more than twice the output of Three Gorges. It is feared that there will be displacement of local populations, destruction of ecosystems, and an impact for downstream people in India and Bangladesh. The project is criticized by India because of its potential negative impact upon the residents downstream.

In 1999, R.B. Cathcart suggested that a fabric dam—inflatable with freshwater or air—could block the Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon upstream of Namcha Barwa. Water would then be conveyed via a hard rock tunnel to a point downstream from that mountain. Steel dams are more advantageous and economical in remote hilly terrain at high altitude for diverting the run off water of the river to power generating units.

References in media

 * The gorges may have helped inspire the idea of Shangri-La in James Hilton's book Lost Horizon in 1933.
 * In the 2007 fighting game Akatsuki Blitzkampf, the biggest base and research facility of the villainous organization Gessellschaft is hidden in the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, referred to in-story as the "Tsangpo Ravine". The second part of the game takes place in said base, with the player fighting their way inside it until they reach the last enemy.

Videos

 * Scott Lindgren (2002), "Into the Tsangpo Gorge". Slproductions. ASIN B0006FKL2Q.
 * Into the Tsangpo Gorge Documentary

title: Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon


text:
Talk:Music of West Virginia

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as stub, and the rating on other projects was brought up to Stub class. BetacommandBot 05:59, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Music of West Virginia


text:
Sequoia High School

Sequoia High School can refer to:
 * Sequoia High School (Redwood City, California)
 * Sequoia High School (Visalia, California)
 * Sequoia High School (Everett, Washington)

title: Sequoia High School


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sequoia High School

Sequoia High School was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP

School vanity. --fvw *  00:18, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)

 * Strong keep, this school is extremely notable. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 00:29, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete The school's homepage shows up top of a search for "sequoia high school", so it doesn't seem as if they are struggling to maintain a web presence. Adambisset 00:33, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * This is by far the most frightening rationale I've heard for deletion all week. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 00:46, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yep, that's very disturbing. --Andylkl 06:19, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and send to cleanup. Seems notable, but why the heck can't anyone seem to write more than a couple of half-hearted sentences about schools?  No wonder they wind up here! - Lucky 6.9 00:53, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I don't see the notability that others do, and I think we've just been conditioned to have such low expectations from the rather rabid "KEEP" and "Extreme keep" and "all schools are notable" fights over articles that say "John Doe High is the Fighting Sloths and has a top ranked 10th grade Esperanto class" that we're over-reacting to a competent, but essentially unremarkable, article on a well funded public school in San Fransisco. Geogre 02:16, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: This school gets over 9,500 google hits when the search term is "Sequoia High School" and around 5,000 when you add the term California  or Redwood City  to limit any schools with the same name. That combined with the stuff mentioned in the second and third sentences of the first paragraph suggests notability. --Spangineer ∞ 02:29, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Extreme keep. A worthy stub on a noteworthy educational institution. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 02:36, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. First paragraph seems to give reason for notability. Second paragraph badly needs cleanup though. - Andre Engels 02:55, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, go sloths! Wyss 03:31, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * A hardline position against school notability might let in one school per country or so. A hardline position in favour of school notability would let in hundreds of thousands. A reasoned moderate position would note that Sequoia High School is one of just a few hundred offering the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program in the United States, that it's about 110 years old and the first school in a large and important area, and that it has a fascinating campus that could be a bit of a tourist draw. (I'd go out of my way to see it if I were in the area.) Keep! Samaritan 04:42, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep. I never can make my mind up about schools. It would be great if Wikipedia could have as many schools as possible, but since so many have already been deleted, there doesn't seem much point in only including a few. What good is an incomplete selection? P Ingerson 07:34, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge to flesh out Redwood City, California and delete - Skysmith 08:06, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * As noted above, the article has established the school's notability. Keep. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 08:35, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. --JuntungWu 11:49, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak Keep, although in it's present state I'd have no objection to merging the article with the city article or into a school district article. older ≠ wiser 15:45, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Sorry kids, just another f**king US High School.  Take it to wikischolls, because no-one cares.  (PS : Anyhow notice how the Brits, Aussies and Canadians manage to resist the temptation to set their High School in stone.  Bleeding seppies.) -- GWO 16:11, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * And yet another astounding display of professionalism on Wikipedia. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 16:49, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmmmm, that's a rather inappropriate comment from GWO and is also somewhat misinformed. Check out Category:Australian high schools and for the Brits there is Category:Public Schools as well as Category:Education in the United Kingdom and other subcategories (and there are likely articles on schools in both countries which have not been categorized). While many of the UK entries are remarkable simply for the length of continuous operation, there are also such unremarkable entities as William Farr School, Newstead Wood School for Girls, Slough Grammar School, Calvin Christian School as well as stubs like Aylesbury Grammar School, Newport Free Grammar School. Apparently school vanity is not a uniquely U.S. phenomenon. older ≠ wiser 16:57, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see how it is any more notable than a thousand other high schools. Jacob1207 16:47, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Fortunately for visitors to Wikipedia, others do. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:14, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Seems notable to me. DCEdwards1966 20:46, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * keep. Yuckfoo 01:50, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Schools are inherently notable. Besides, there's no such thing as school articles being vanity. --Andylkl 05:58, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Schoolcruft. Gamaliel 06:23, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It doesn't have to be "any more notable than a thousand other high schools", any more than a mathematical law has to be any more notable than a thousand other mathematical laws, or a tree has to be more notable than another tree. All schools are notable enough for inclusion in an encyclopaedia of this scope.Dr Zen 07:39, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del.Mikkalai 00:53, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Schools are notable RustyCale 00:44, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Steve  18:40, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 21:18, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep this - Intrigue 07:34, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's still a non-notable school. --G Rutter 14:10, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Weak keep. Seems a significant part of its area's history, rather than just a place to store non-voters during working hours. Why has no-one set up Wikischools? Icundell 15:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * A better asked question is why has no-one set up WikiPokemon?. Schools, especially schools such as this one, belong in Wikipedia proper.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 16:47, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.