text:
AFDL

The Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (ADFLC; Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre), also known by the French acronym AFDL, was a coalition of Rwandan, Ugandan, Burundian, and Congolese dissidents, disgruntled minority groups, and nations that toppled Mobutu Sese Seko and brought Laurent-Désiré Kabila to power in the First Congo War. Although the group was successful in overthrowing Mobutu, the alliance fell apart after Kabila did not agree to be dictated by his foreign backers, Rwanda and Uganda, which marked the beginning of the Second Congo War in 1998.

Background
By the middle of 1996, the situation in eastern Zaire was simmering with tension. Following the Rwandan genocide in 1994, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Hutus had fled across the border into Zaire where they settled in large refugee camps. Many of those responsible for the genocide, the former Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) and interahamwe militia, used the anonymity offered by the camps to reorganize into the rebel Rassemblement pour le Retour et la Démocratie au Rwanda (RDR). The RDR began to use the camps as bases to infiltrate back across the border and conduct an insurgency. Despite protests by the new government of Rwanda, the Zairian government and international organizations providing humanitarian aid to the camps were unwilling to remove the militants from the refugee population.

At the same time, the position of the Banyamulenge minority, ethnic Tutsis who had lived in Zaire for generations, was growing precarious. They had long been discriminated against for being relative newcomers to the region and having a different language and culture than neighboring tribes, part of Mobutu Sese Seko's strategy of encouraging a low level of internal discord in the country so an alliance would not form against him. The arrival of large numbers of Hutus, many of them militant Hutus who carried out attacks on Banyamulenge targets, had substantially upset what equilibrium existed. The Rwandan government also saw the Banyamulenge, as natural allies and had quietly armed and trained a substantial force in anticipation of what it felt to be an unstable situation.

Formation of the AFDL
On 7 October 1996, the vice-governor based in the Kivu town of Bukavu proclaimed that the Banyamulenge were no longer welcome and would have to leave the country. In response, the Banyamulenge began an uprising against the local government, which was used as a pretext by the AFDL to start a war in Zaire, which was initially characterized as a tribal war quickly turned into something more. With support from the Rwandan government, the Banyamulenge managed to fend off an attack by the Zairian Armed Forces. The rising tension between Rwanda and Zaire then led to an exchange of mortar fire over Lake Kivu between the two nations' armed forces. This violence involving the Banyamulenge in September–October 1996 is seen as the beginning of the First Congo War.

Seemingly out of nowhere, Laurent-Désiré Kabila, a former Marxist rebel who had spent most of the previous decade selling gold in Tanzania, appeared as head of his old rebel group, the Party of the Peoples' Revolution, which had been defunct. In a remarkably short period of time, Kabila found himself head of the new the AFDL, which also included the National Council of Resistance for Democracy (CNRD) led by André Kisase Ngandu, the Revolutionary Movement for the Liberation of Zaire (MRLZ) led by Anselme Masasu Nindaga, and the Democratic Alliance of the People (ADP) led by Déogratias Bugera, often known as "Douglas". On October 18, a North Kivu Tutsi, Déogratias Bugera, became the first general secretary of the organization.

There has been much speculation about foreign involvement in facilitating the creation of the AFDL. Most of it swirls around Rwandan President Paul Kagame and Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, both of whom knew Kabila very well. (Kabila had been introduced to Kagame and Museveni by Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, president of Tanzania). After an initial period of denial, since 1997 both Rwanda and Uganda have openly acknowledged the role they played in the formation of the AFDL and its military success. Rwanda and Uganda quickly threw the weight of their support behind the AFDL and sent forces across the Zairian border. Burundi, Angola, the rebels of southern Sudan, and the security forces of the province of Katanga, all of which had long-standing grievances with the Mobutu government, especially his sponsoring of foreign rebel groups to destabilize neighboring countries, also proved to be important backers of the AFDL.

The course of the war
One of the first actions of the AFDL after it began to capture towns along the Zairian border was the dispersal of the large Hutu refugee camps that were offering safe haven to many RDR militants, an act humanitarian and human rights organizations fiercely criticized. As each camp was destroyed, the refugees fled to the next, creating camps with massive populations. One camp at Mugungu, north of Lake Kivu, reached 500,000 inhabitants, which is completely unmanageable by humanitarian organizations. However, in fierce fighting in mid-November the Zairian government forces and RDR were either destroyed or forced out of the provinces of North and South Kivu. The Hutu refugees then split, about 800,000 fleeing back into Rwanda and several hundred thousand moving west into the Zairian jungles where many died of starvation and exposure to the elements or fell victim to attacks by various armed parties. The Rwandan Defence Forces and the AFDL carried out mass atrocities during the war, with tens of thousands of Rwandan Hutu refugees going missing.

While Kabila, due to his international contacts and ability to speak multiple languages, was clearly the AFDL spokesperson, there was some question about who was the ultimate leader. André Kisase Ngandu, an elder insurgent with revolutionary credentials, was the president of the AFDL's military wing, the National Resistance Council (CNRD), and apparently expressed opposition to the massacre of Hutu refugees in Congolese camps. This internal tension between the two men was resolved on 4 January 1997, when Ngandu was assassinated in North Kivu by Rwandan Tutsi soldiers, allegedly at the instigation of Kabila and/or Rwandan President Paul Kagame. Kabila thereafter appointed himself president of the CNRD as well as retaining his position as spokesperson and head of the political wing.

Once the Kivus were secured, the remainder of the First Congo War consisted for the most part of the AFDL and its allies walking and driving across Zaire to the capital, Kinshasa. The population proved to have a deep antipathy towards Mobutu Sese Seko after decades of corruption and despotism. Most of the demoralized soldiers in the national army either joined the AFDL or deserted. Men from villages and towns throughout Zaire spontaneously joined the AFDL's advance. The AFDL was only slowed down by the country's decrepit infrastructure. In several parts of the country, no paved roads existed; the only links to the outside world were irregularly used dirt paths.

On 16 May 1997, after seven months of rebellion and the failure of peace talks, Mobutu fled the country. The AFDL marched into Kinshasa a day later. Kabila declared himself president and renamed the country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The AFDL then became the new national armed forces.

title: AFDL


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Rocketry

Suggestion
In my opinion, we should collaborate on an article to revive this project. This could be any really, as long as we are actually doing something. My suggestion is SpaceX Starship (boo! self promotion) because it is popular and currently being very actively working on. The article can also be another lighthouse to guide editors, like Space Shuttle article but for New Space. CactiStaccingCrane (talk) 00:46, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

 * @CactiStaccingCrane Thanks for the suggestion. For now, I think that we should first assess all the rocketry articles. We can also work on Draft:RFA One which I see you have already edited. StarshipSLS (Talk), (My Contributions) 01:18, 21 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Agreed. CactiStaccingCrane (talk) 01:27, 21 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Got an invite to come here, so let me give my input. In my experience short, iterative improvements work best. For example, not long ago I added crew capacity to many space capsule articles. I think it improved Wikipedia more than working on a single article! So I'd welcome more generic to-do lists and guidelines that apply to many articles, than just focusing on a single one. Anyway, I'll keep an eye here and help where possible! 4throck (talk) 14:52, 21 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Here's my two cents: I agree a lot on your opinions (2000+ edits in SpaceX Starship and beyond), but, in my experience, I found that setting concrete, centralized, and fun goal works the best. For me? FA Starship. What about the project? I don't really know. CactiStaccingCrane (talk) 15:07, 21 December 2021 (UTC)
 * @CactiStaccingCrane@4throck: Thanks for your comments! StarshipSLS (Talk), (My Contributions) 22:52, 21 December 2021 (UTC)
 * @4throck: Also, if you don't mind could you add your user name to the list of members at WikiProject Rocketry/Members? Thanks. StarshipSLS (Talk), (My Contributions) 22:53, 21 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Sure! As I said, I'll help where possible! 4throck (talk) 08:36, 22 December 2021 (UTC)
 * @4throck: Just a request, you don't have to do this at all if you don't want: may you review SpaceX Starship? It doesn't need to be very comprehensive, even a comment is very worthwhile for me. CactiStaccingCrane (talk) 08:39, 22 December 2021 (UTC)

GA Reassessment notice
SpaceX Starship has been nominated for a community good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article. — Berrely  • Talk∕Contribs 15:51, 15 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks for notifying us! StarshipSLS (Talk), (My Contributions) 19:10, 25 January 2022 (UTC)

Requested move at Talk:MARS (missile)
There is a requested move discussion at Talk:MARS (missile) that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. 🐶 EpicPupper (he/him | talk) 16:40, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

Discord group link has expired
Anyone has new link for that? Might need to update it on the page as the link no longer works for us to join. LengthyMer (talk) 15:10, 3 April 2022 (UTC)

User script to detect unreliable sources
I have (with the help of others) made a small user script to detect and highlight various links to unreliable sources and predatory journals. Some of you may already be familiar with it, given it is currently the 39th most imported script on Wikipedia. The idea is that it takes something like and turns it into something like
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.
 * John Smith "Article of things" Deprecated.com. Accessed 2020-02-14.

It will work on a variety of links, including those from cite web, cite journal and doi.

The script is mostly based on WP:RSPSOURCES, WP:NPPSG and WP:CITEWATCH and a good dose of common sense. I'm always expanding coverage and tweaking the script's logic, so general feedback and suggestions to expand coverage to other unreliable sources are always welcomed.

Do note that this is not a script to be mindlessly used, and several caveats apply. Details and instructions are available at User:Headbomb/unreliable. Questions, comments and requests can be made at User talk:Headbomb/unreliable.

-   Headbomb {t · c · p · b}

This is a one time notice and can't be unsubscribed from. Delivered by: MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:02, 29 April 2022 (UTC)

Rocket Lab
There is an open request for comment at Talk:Rocket Lab regarding how to describe the nationality of the company. Input from knowledgeable space flight editors would be appreciated. Grey Wanderer (talk) 00:45, 13 February 2023 (UTC)

Please check Talk:Galactic Energy
Please indicate your preference on the creation of the now-redirect Ceres-1 at Talk:Galactic Energy. Timothytyy (talk) 10:12, 1 April 2023 (UTC)

Project-independent quality assessments
Quality assessments by Wikipedia editors rate articles in terms of completeness, organization, prose quality, sourcing, etc. Most wikiprojects follow the general guidelines at Content assessment, but some have specialized assessment guidelines. A recent Village pump proposal was approved and has been implemented to add a class parameter to WikiProject banner shell, which can display a general quality assessment for an article, and to let project banner templates "inherit" this assessment.

No action is required if your wikiproject follows the standard assessment approach. Over time, quality assessments will be migrated up to WikiProject banner shell, and your project banner will automatically "inherit" any changes to the general assessments for the purpose of assigning categories.

However, if your project has decided to "opt out" and follow a non-standard quality assessment approach, all you have to do is modify your wikiproject banner template to pass WPBannerMeta a new custom parameter. If this is done, changes to the general quality assessment will be ignored, and your project-level assessment will be displayed and used to create categories, as at present. Aymatth2 (talk) 13:38, 13 April 2023 (UTC)

INTA-300 Infobox (fixed)
I recently added an infobox to INTA-300, but I don't know how to remove the article from "Category:Rocketry articles needing infoboxes". Can anyone tell me how to remove the article from the category or remove it themselves? Saltq (talk) 13:39, 26 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I fixed it by changing the talk page Saltq (talk) 12:28, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Good article reassessment for Katyusha rocket launcher
Katyusha rocket launcher has been nominated for a good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article. AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 01:36, 28 April 2023 (UTC)

SpaceX Starship has an RFC
SpaceX Starship, which is within the scope of this WikiProject, has an RFC for possible consensus. A discussion is taking place. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments on the discussion page. Thank you. – Jadebenn (talk · contribs · subpages) 08:34, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

Engine infoboxes
Combustion engines are used in many applications - Aerospace, automotive, marine and industrial. Some articles on them have infobox templates; infobox aircraft engine (aviation), Infobox engine (automotive) and Infobox rocket engine (spaceflight). Wikipedia's wider community has a consensus to merge infobox templates where possible. Various aircraft infobox templates are being merged, and the question has arisen, should the aero engine infobox be merged in with them, or would it be better to merge and extend the existing engine infoboxes? There is an ongoing discussion here, which you are invited to join. — Cheers, Steelpillow (Talk) 05:23, 14 May 2023 (UTC)

Zhuque-2 reaches orbit
The first methalox rocket has reached orbit! I think it's time Zhuque-2 is given a separate article. What do you guys think? Dankluxuries (talk) 02:04, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

 * 100% agree (edit: it already has one) Redacted II (talk) 13:12, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

Feedback requested for Edward Forman
Hi, I was hired on a freelancing site to improve the article on American rocketry pioneer Edward S. Forman. As a paid editor, I am relegated to make suggestions on the talk page rather than directly updating the article. Could you please go over my suggestions here:Talk:Edward Forman and help update the article? Sabih omar 08:24, 19 August 2023 (UTC)

New article: Flame deflector
I created this new article since we didn't cover this topic. I've tried to keep it "general" in order to cover all kinds of flame deflecting systems (pits, trenches, diverters, and even "active" systems like SpaceX's new system for Starship). Feedback and assessment would be appreciated! {{u| Gtoffoletto  }}  talk 09:27, 2 September 2023 (UTC)

VLS (Brazil)
Hi! Sometime ago I developed the VLS related articles VLS-1 V01, VLS-1 V02 and the expansion of the VLS-1 V03. Would be great if the people in this project could check and perfect it - and, if possible, find any English-language resources on those launches (or even translate those articles into more languages). Pinging who might be interested. Thanks, Erick Soares3 (talk) 16:00, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

 * I've done a bit of work on the articles.
 * A lot of it needs to be reworded, but I think overall these articles have a lot of potential. Redacted II (talk) 19:01, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I just reviewed VLS-1 V01, it looks good! I just made some minor grammatical changes, and I'll probably go over the other articles later today. I would just say during the "background and goals" section you may want to do something with the part that says "The launch cost R$16 million (US$ 14842415.29) and aimed to show potential customers the reliability of the Brazilian rocket. For a launch cost of US$6.5 million, it would be cheaper than the U.S. rocket Pegasus for US$15 million." The mixture of units is a bit confusing, and I might try to standard all of those prices to 1997 Reals. Miralitt (talk) 19:09, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Hello @Miralitt The "R$16 million" is already the 1997 value. The mixture is more due to the sources: the newspaper articles (and even nowadays online articles) mixes a lot U$D and R$ when talking about the project. @Redacted II Thanks! For my part, it would be great to develop the two launch events and the accidental ignition (V03) in deep, since there are a lot for the background and the aftermath (the inquiries/investigation for the 2003 disaster may deserve an ever deeper development, due to the loss of lives). On primary sources, there's the 2003 Accident Report (but only in Portuguese) that I've cited in the sources. I'm pretty sure that there were public Reports for the 1997 and 1999 launches, but there are nowhere to be found online. Those flights are almost never explored in books (it seems that last year was released an indie book on the 2003 Accident, but it is quite expensive), and the 2003 disaster is only remembered in annual superficial articles (last year Estadão released a 3 episode podcast on the accident, which had access to confidential military documents, but I don't know how to use it as a source). For an even earlier (1950s) rocketry project, there's the Félix I. Erick Soares3 (talk) 21:19, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Do you all think/agree that the first 2 VLS articles and the Félix I pass the Notability requirements? Erick Soares3 (talk) 22:22, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I'd say that they probably do meet the Notability requirements - it looks like there's a lot of external sources on the subjects, and all three seem to be relatively important, especially being at the beginning of Brazil's space program. Miralitt (talk) 22:55, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
 * 100% yes Redacted II (talk) 23:06, 20 February 2024 (UTC)
 * thanks! Do you have any suggestion on how those articles may be expanded? On English-language sources, there are this one: is quite good, but I've noticed some mistakes when it talks about the 1997 and 1999 flights (I couldn't find any relevant English-language article from the time [1999-2003]). Some days ago I sent a FOI request on PD (or "free to reuse and share") images, videos, and reports/documents from the VLS program and its flights, but it may take almost a month before any reply. Erick Soares3 (talk) 01:37, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Get rid of the red links.
 * Maybe add more details on the desired trajectory of the launch (similar to what is in the IFT-1 and IFT-2 articles). Redacted II (talk) 02:08, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The red links are part of a template. If the article exists on the English Wikipedia, then the article will be correctly linked. If it does not, it will link to the foreign-language article - in this case, the Portugese one. You can read the template page for more information. I believe that the red links should stay for now, since those articles do not exist on the English Wikipedia. Miralitt (talk) 02:18, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * the page 13 (25 on the PDF) from the V03 Report has it - but not for any specific mission, but the "desired scenario" in general. Since I'm not sure if the image (and the entire report) falls under PD-Brazil-Gov, it would be the case of creating a table? I'm my attempt looking what happened in the hours before T-0 for the 1997 and 99 launches (since the Starship pages starts at T-2hrs). I also agree with @Miralitt on keeping the red links for now. Erick Soares3 (talk) 11:49, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I have just found an article with a deep description of the VLS launch profile (page 18 to 22). Using the Starship one as a template, I will attempt making something. Erick Soares3 (talk) 12:56, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Redacted II VLS-1_V01 and VLS-1_V02. I'm not sure if this timeline would be applicable in the VLS-1 V03, since they never got to T-0. Erick Soares3 (talk) 14:21, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Looks good Redacted II (talk) 14:22, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Great.
 * I recommend starting as close to T-0 as possible, since the vehicle didn't have any propellants to load. Redacted II (talk) 14:22, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * @Redacted II For much, in the 1997 flight they had to manually open a "Mechanical Safety Device" right before T-0, so the electricity could reach the igniters, but I couldn't find how long before T-0 it happened. Erick Soares3 (talk) 16:10, 21 February 2024 (UTC)
 * some updates: I received a FOI reply on the Félix I and unfortunately, the Instituto Militar de Engenharia don't have any archived historical material on this project. I've cropped 3 newspaper images from the project (somewhat good quality, but is better than nothing), since in my opinion they all fall under PD-Brazil-Photo. On the VLS, I should receive a reply from the Brazilian Space Agency until March 21. Erick Soares3 (talk) 14:44, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

Rocketry Stubs
I've reduced Category:Rocketry stubs down to just 300 articles! However, we still have a long ways to go in order to get that down to 0 - if you are interested in helping, please consider looking through some stub articles to see if you could expand any/merge them into an existing article.

Miralitt (talk) 19:59, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Rocketry


text: Category:1122 deaths

title: Category:1122 deaths


text:
Carl Weiss

Carl Austin Weiss Sr. (December 6, 1906 – September 8, 1935) was an American physician who assassinated U.S. Senator Huey Long at the Louisiana State Capitol on September 8, 1935.

Career
Weiss was born in Baton Rouge to physician Carl Adam Weiss and the former Viola Maine. Weiss's father was a prominent ophthalmologist who had once treated Senator Long. He grew up in a Roman Catholic household; his father was of German descent and attended a Jesuit College in New Orleans, his paternal grandfather was an organist and choirmaster in Bavaria before he emigrated to Louisiana in 1870. His mother had French and Irish ancestry. Both of Weiss' parents were Roman Catholic, although he may have had some Jewish ancestry through his paternal grandfather. However, despite the conspiracy theories promoted by the antisemitic preacher and Huey Long ally, Gerald L. K. Smith, after Long's death, there is no evidence that his family remained religiously Jewish. Weiss was educated in local schools and graduated from St. Vincent's Academy, a Catholic school. Growing up, Weiss had an interest in electricity and mechanics. He once tampered with the lock at the pew of his downtown church, locking his mother and two aunts inside. Initially, he studied engineering at University, his father having discouraged a career as a doctor due to its time commitments; he often went to the early 5:15 a.m. mass in case of a later medical emergency. However, after two years, Weiss switched to studying medicine, obtaining his bachelor's degree in 1925 from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. He did postgraduate work in Vienna, Austria, and briefly practiced at the American Hospital of Paris.

Weiss thereafter was awarded internships in Vienna and at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. It was while in Europe that Weiss bought a FN Model 1910 pistol for $25 (equivalent to approximately $0 in ) that he allegedly used in the Long assassination.

In 1932, he returned to Baton Rouge to enter private practice with his father. He was president of the Louisiana Medical Society in 1933 and a member of the Kiwanis International.

Murder of Huey Long
On September 8, 1935, Carl Weiss confronted and shot Huey Long in the Capitol building in Baton Rouge. At 9:20 p.m., just after passage of a bill reconfiguring the district of Weiss's father-in-law, Judge Benjamin Henry Pavy, to deny him reelection, Weiss approached Long. According to the generally accepted version of events, Weiss fired a single shot with a handgun from four feet (1.2 m) away. Long was struck in the torso. Long's bodyguards, nicknamed the "Cossacks" or "skullcrushers", responded by firing at Weiss with their own pistols, killing him; an autopsy found that Weiss had been shot more than 60 times by Long's bodyguards.

Alternative theories and denials of the assassination
As both Long and Weiss died before a trial could be held, the claim that Weiss was Long's assassin was never proven in court. Additionally, no autopsy was ever performed on Long. In the years since the event, theories have arisen that Weiss did not actually murder Senator Long; with some speculating that Long was, in fact, killed by a stray bullet fired from the gun of one of his bodyguards.

Family denials
At the time, Weiss's wife and their families did not accept his guilt. Indeed, Weiss's parents indicated that he had seemed quite happy earlier on the day that Long was killed. Many people close to the family, as well as politicians of the time, doubted the official version of the shooting.

Weiss's son, Carl Jr., an infant at the time of his father's death, had since vigorously disputed the assertion that his father killed Long. In a 1993 interview on the NBC program Unsolved Mysteries, he asserted that Long was accidentally shot by one of his own bodyguards. Donald Pavy, a medical doctor and first cousin of Weiss's wife Yvonne Pavy, conducted a scientific study of the case and concluded in his book Accident and Deception: The Huey Long Shooting that Weiss did not shoot the governor-turned-senator.

However, this view is not accepted by Louisiana State University Professor T. Harry Williams, who writes in his 1969 Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Long: "The suggestion that Huey might have been hit by a wild shot or a ricochet from the guns of the guards had been advanced previously by various individuals, but no one had taken it very seriously, for unless all the witnesses to the event were lying or mistaken, only four shots had been fired while Huey was still in the corridor, the two from Weiss's pistol that struck Huey and Roden's wristwatch, respectively, and the two from the revolvers of Roden and Coleman that dropped Weiss. By the time the other guards had got their guns out and started to fire Huey had run from the scene. But when the suggestion had been made publicly, various people wanted to believe it — members of Weiss' family and anti-politicians, naturally; and persons of the type who sense mystery in any murder case, the kind of people who have created doubts about some of the other great American assassinations."

Williams then goes on to say that: "...the Myth (Meaning the theory that Weiss was not the killer)... is wrong — unless it is assumed that the various witnesses to the event who had testified at the time collaborated in creating a gigantic lie and then with remarkable fidelity repeated the lie in detail to later investigators."

Exhumation
With the approval of the family, the remains of Weiss were exhumed in 1991 and examined by James Starrs to attempt to determine if Weiss was the actual killer of Long. Starrs was also the publisher of the Scientific Sleuthing Review.

Portrayal in literature
The character of Adam Stanton in Robert Penn Warren's fictitious All the King's Men is partially based on Weiss.

In her 1993 memoir, Marguerite Young mentions the murder of Huey Long and how she used to dance with Weiss as a college girl at Louisiana State University.

Dubious connection to Ernest Hemingway
Nobel laureate Ernest Hemingway suffered a severe gash to his forehead when a skylight fell on him in March 1928 in his Paris apartment. He was treated at the American Hospital of Paris, and it took nine stitches to suture his head wound. He was left with a permanent, prominent scar on his forehead.

Later in life, Hemingway claimed that the physician who treated him was Carl Weiss. However, Hemingway was almost certainly mistaken, as Weiss did not start practicing at the hospital until July 1929, sixteen months after Hemingway was treated for his head wound.

title: Carl Weiss


text:
Angle Lake (Washington)

Angle Lake is an L-shaped lake in SeaTac, Washington, United States, occupying 102 acre between Interstate 5 and State Route 99. The lake most likely was so named on account of its outline, which forms a right angle. Like nearby Lake Burien and Bow Lake, it was formed by the glacial retreat roughly 12,000 years ago.

On the western shore is a 10 acre park, Angle Lake Park, administered by the City of SeaTac Parks and Recreation department. The remainder of the shoreline is ringed with private homes. The Angle Lake light rail station is named for the lake, and is located to the southwest.

The lake is stocked with rainbow trout by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. It is also home to kokanee, largemouth bass, crappie, catfish, and yellow perch. The lake is open to fishing year-round.

Angle Lake was home to an annual fireworks show and hydroplane races on Independence Day until 2024, when both were replaced by a drone show due to a complaint filed by a resident, who cited a 1932 Washington Supreme Court ruling. During the first drone show, 55 of the 200 drones lost their GPS signals and descended into the lake, rendering them unusable.

Park
Angle Lake Park was established in the 1920s. The entrance to the park is off International Boulevard (State Route 99), 0.8 mi from Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. It includes 371 ft of the lake shore, with a swimming area, fishing pier, picnic areas and public boat launch.

title: Angle Lake (Washington)


text: Category:1128 deaths

title: Category:1128 deaths


text: Category:1129 deaths

title: Category:1129 deaths


text: Category:1130 births

title: Category:1130 births


text: User talk:65.134.160.124

title: User talk:65.134.160.124


text:
Joseph B. Smith

Joseph Bryant Smith (December 29, 1826 – March 8, 1862) was an officer in the United States Navy who was killed in action during the American Civil War.

Early life and education
Joseph Bryant Smith was born on December 29, 1826, in Belfast, Maine, Smith was appointed midshipman on October 19, 1841. After graduating with the Class of 1847, he served at the Washington Navy Yard, in USS Mississippi (1841) and with the United States Coast Survey. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1855, and soon afterwards was assigned to the steam frigate USS Merrimack (1855), his station until 1857. Smith next had ordnance duty at the Washington Navy Yard, D.C.

Career
In 1860, he was ordered to frigate USS Congress (1841) as her first lieutenant. He was in acting-command of Congress on March 8, 1862, when she was attacked and destroyed by the Confederate ironclad, CSS Virginia, and lost his life in the action. When his father, Captain Joseph Smith, heard of the surrender of Congress, he said, "Then Joe is dead," feeling that she never would have surrendered while his son lived.

Smith was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

Legacy
Two ships have been named, USS Smith for him.

title: Joseph B. Smith


text:
Category:Metroid games

This category is for video games in the Metroid series.

title: Category:Metroid games


text:
List of conflicts in Europe

This is a list of conflicts in Europe ordered chronologically, including wars between European states, civil wars within European states, wars between a European state and a non-European state that took place within Europe, and global conflicts in which Europe was a theatre of war.

There are various definitions of Europe and in particular, there is a significant dispute about the eastern and southeastern boundaries, specifically about how to define the countries of the former Soviet Union. This list is based on a wide definition that includes much of the interface between Europe and Western Asia.

Pre-500 BCE

 * c. 5000 BCE Talheim Death Pit
 * c. 1300 BCE Tollense valley battlefield
 * c. 1104–900 BCE Dorian invasion
 * c. 753–351 BCE Roman–Etruscan Wars
 * c. 753–494 BCE Roman–Sabine wars
 * 743–724 BCE First Messenian War
 * 710–650 BCE Lelantine War
 * circa 700–601 BCE Alban war with Rome
 * 685–668 BCE Second Messenian War
 * 669–668 BCE Sparta–Argos War
 * 600–265 BCE Greek–Punic Wars
 * 595–585 BCE First Sacred War
 * 560 BCE Second Arcadian War
 * 540 BCE Battle of Alalia
 * 538–522 BCE Polycrates wars

500–200 BCE

 * 509–396 BCE Early Italian campaigns
 * 500–499 BCE Persian invasion of Naxos'
 * 499–493 BCE Ionian Revolt
 * 492–490 BCE First Persian invasion of Greece
 * 482–479 BCE Second Persian invasion of Greece
 * 480–307 BCE Sicilian Wars
 * 460–445 BCE First Peloponnesian War
 * 449–448 BCE Second Sacred War
 * 440–439 BCE Samian War
 * 431–404 BCE Second Peloponnesian War
 * 404–403 BCE Phyle Campaign
 * 395–387 BCE Corinthian War
 * 390–387 BCE Celtic invasion of Italia
 * 378–371 BCE Boeotian War
 * 378–362 BCE Theban-Spartan War
 * 357–355 BCE Social War
 * 356–346 BCE Third Sacred War
 * 346-344 BCE Foreign War
 * 335 BCE Alexander's Balkan campaign
 * 323–322 BCE Lamian War
 * 280–275 BCE Pyrrhic War
 * 272 BCE Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese
 * 267–261 BCE Chremonidean War
 * 264–241 BCE First Punic War
 * 229– 222 BCE Cleomenean War
 * 229–228 BCE First Illyrian War
 * 220–216 BCE Lyttian War
 * 220–217 BCE Social War
 * 220–219 BCE Second Illyrian War
 * 218–201 BCE Second Punic War
 * 214–205 BCE First Macedonian War

200 BCE onwards

 * 200–197 BCE Second Macedonian War
 * 195 BCE Laconian War
 * 191–189 BCE Aetolian War
 * 171–168 BCE Third Macedonian War
 * 146 BCE Achaean War
 * 135–132 BCE First Servile War
 * 113–101 BCE Cimbrian War
 * 113 BCE – 476 CE Germanic Wars
 * 104–100 BCE Second Servile War
 * 91–87 BCE Social War
 * 87 BCE Bellum Octavianum
 * 85 BCE Colchis uprising against Pontus
 * 80–72 BCE Sertorian War
 * 82–81 BCE Sulla's civil war
 * 77 BCE Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
 * 73–71 BCE Third Servile War
 * 73–63 BCE Roman Expansion in Syria & Judea
 * 65–63 BCE Pompey's campaign in Caucasus
 * 63–62 BCE Second Catilinarian conspiracy
 * 55–54 BCE Caesar's invasions of Britain
 * 58–51 BCE Gallic Wars
 * 49–45 BCE Caesar's Civil War
 * 42–36 BCE Bellum Siculum
 * 43 BCE Battle of Mutina
 * 43–42 BCE Liberators' civil war
 * 41–40 BCE Perusine War
 * 32–30 BCE Final War of the Roman Republic
 * 29–19 BCE Cantabrian Wars
 * 12 BCE - 16 CE Early Germanic campaigns

1st–10th century CE

 * 6–9 Bellum Batonianum
 * 21 Revolt of Sacrovir
 * 49–96 Roman conquest of Britain
 * 51 Armenian–Iberian war
 * 60–61 Boudica's uprising
 * 69 Year of the Four Emperors
 * 69–70 Revolt of the Batavi
 * 86–88 Domitian's Dacian War
 * 101–106 Trajan's Dacian Wars
 * 166–180 Marcomannic Wars
 * 193 Year of the Five Emperors
 * 208–210 Roman invasion of Caledonia
 * 235–284 Crisis of the Third Century
 * 238 Year of the Six Emperors
 * 267–269 Gothic War (267–269)
 * 274 Battle of Châlons
 * 284–285 Roman civil war
 * 306–324 Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
 * 350–353 Roman civil war
 * 356–378 Roman-Alamanni War
 * 360–361 Roman civil war
 * 367–368 Great Conspiracy
 * 367–369 Gothic War (367–369)
 * 376–382 Gothic War (376–382)
 * 387–388 Roman civil war
 * 394 Roman civil war (394)
 * 395-398 Revolt of Alaric I
 * 398 Stilicho's Pictish War
 * 401–403 Gothic War (401–403)
 * 405–406 War of Radagaisus
 * 406–413 Roman civil war (Constantine III)
 * 409–411 Gerontian Revolt
 * 411–413 Revolt of Jovinus
 * 412-413 War of Heraclianus
 * 409–418 Gothic War (409–418)
 * 409–417: Bagaudae Revolt, uprising in the Loire valley and Brittany
 * 416–418 Gothic War in Spain (416-418)
 * 420 Battle of the Nervasos Mountains
 * 422 Battle of Tarraco
 * 424–425 Roman civil war (Joannes vs Galla Placidia)
 * 425–426: Gothic revolt of Theodoric I
 * 428: Frankish War (428)
 * 430-431 Aetius campaign in the Alps
 * 432 Roman civil war of 432
 * 435-436: Burgundian Revolt of Gunther - Flavius Aetius defects the Burgundians.
 * 435–437: Bagaudae uprising under Tibatto in Gaul suppressed by Flavius Aetius.
 * 436-439: Gothic War (436-439)
 * 436–437 Hunnic-Burgundian War
 * 439-443 Vandal War
 * 441-453 Attila's invasion of the Roman Empire
 * 455 Vandalic Sack of Rome
 * 456 Gothic War in Spain (456)
 * 457-458 Gothic War
 * 461-468 Vandal War
 * 461–476 Gothic War (461–476)
 * 486 Battle of Soissons
 * 492-508 Franco-Visigothic Wars
 * 526–532 Iberian War
 * 533-534 Vandalic War
 * 535–554 Gothic War (535–554)
 * 542–562 Lazic War
 * 582–602 Maurice's Balkan campaigns
 * c. 600–793 Frisian–Frankish wars
 * 650–799 Arab–Khazar wars
 * 680–1355 “Byzantine”–Bulgarian wars
 * 680 Battle of Ongal
 * 695–717 Twenty Years' Anarchy
 * 708 Byzantine–Bulgarian battle of Anchialus
 * 711–718 Umayyad conquest of Hispania
 * 715–718 Frankish Civil War (715–718)
 * 717–718 Second Siege of Constantinople
 * 722–1492 Reconquista
 * 719–759 Umayyad invasion of Gaul
 * 735–737 Marwan ibn Muhammad's invasion of Georgia
 * 759 “Byzantine”-Bulgarian battle of the Rishki Pass
 * 772–804 Saxon Wars
 * 792 ”Byzantine”-Bulgarian battle of Marcellae
 * c. 800/862–973 Hungarian invasions of Europe
 * 809 Siege of Serdica (Sofia)
 * 811 “Byzantine”-Bulgarian battle of Vărbitsa Pass (Battle of Pliska)
 * 813 “Byzantine”-Bulgarian battle of Versinikia
 * 830s Paphlagonian expedition of the Rus'
 * 839–1330 Bulgarian–Serb Wars (medieval)
 * 839–842 Bulgarian–Serb War (839–842)
 * 853 Bulgarian–Serb War (853)
 * 917–924 Bulgarian–Serb wars of 917–924
 * 854–1000 Croatian–Bulgarian wars
 * 854 Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854
 * 926 Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 926
 * 998 Siege of Zadar
 * 860 Rus'–Byzantine War (860)
 * 865–878 Invasion of the Great Heathen Army
 * 880–1380 Bulgarian–Hungarian wars
 * 896 Battle of Southern Buh
 * 894–896 Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896
 * 907 Rus'–Byzantine War (907)
 * 913–927 Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927
 * 917 Battle of Achelous
 * 914 Arab-Georgian War
 * 939 Battle of Andernach
 * 941 Rus'–Byzantine War (941)
 * 955 Battle of Recknitz
 * 967/968–971 Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria
 * 980 Battle of Tara
 * 982 Battle of Stilo
 * 983 Great Slav Rising
 * 986 Battle of the Gates of Trajan

11th century

 * 1002–1018 German–Polish War
 * 1014–1208 Byzantine–Georgian wars
 * 1014 Battle of Clontarf
 * 1014 Battle of Kleidion
 * 1015–1016 Pisan–Genoese expeditions to Sardinia
 * 1015–1016 Cnut's invasion of England
 * 1018 Battle of Vlaardingen
 * 1018 Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
 * 1024 Battle of Listven
 * 1024 Rus'–Byzantine War
 * 1040-1041 Bulgarian Uprising of Peter Delyan
 * 1043 Rus'–Byzantine War
 * 1044 Battle of Ménfő
 * 1046 Vata pagan uprising
 * 1048–1064 Invasion of Denmark
 * 1050–1185 Byzantine–Norman wars
 * 1051-1052 German-Hungarian War
 * 1057 Battle of Petroe
 * 1060 Battle of the Theben Pass
 * 1063 German invasion of Hungary
 * 1065–1067 War of the Three Sanchos
 * 1066 Norwegian invasion of England
 * 1066–1088 Norman conquest of England
 * 1067–1194 Norman invasion of Wales
 * 1067 Battle on the Nemiga River
 * 1068 Pecheneg invasion of Hungary
 * 1068 Battle of the Alta River
 * 1072 Bulgarian Uprising of Georgi Voyteh
 * 1073–1075 Saxon Rebellion
 * 1074 Hungarian Civil War
 * 1075 Revolt of the Earls
 * 1077–1088 Great Saxon Revolt
 * 1078 Battle of Kalavrye
 * 1088 Rebellion of 1088
 * 1091 Hungarian occupation of Croatia
 * 1093 Battle of Schmilau
 * 1093 Battle of the Stugna River
 * 1097 Battle of Gvozd Mountain
 * 1099–1204 Georgian–Seljuk wars

12th century

 * 1109 Battle of Głogów
 * 1115 Battle of Welfesholz
 * 1121 Battle of Didgori
 * 1126 Battle of Chlumec
 * 1125–1186 Guelphs and Ghibellines
 * 1127–1129 Byzantine-Hungarian War
 * 1130–1240 Civil war era in Norway
 * 1135–1153 The Anarchy
 * 1142–1445 Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
 * 1144–1162 Baussenque Wars
 * 1146 Battle of the Fischa
 * 1159–1345 Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines
 * 1164 Battle of Verchen
 * 1167 Battle of Sirmium
 * 1169–1175 Norman invasion of Ireland
 * 1173–1174 Revolt of 1173–74
 * 1185–1204 Uprising of Asen and Peter
 * 1198 Battle of Gisors
 * 1198–1290 Livonian Crusade
 * 1198–1215 German throne dispute

13th century

 * 1201 Battle of Stellau
 * 1202 Siege of Zadar
 * 1202–1214 Anglo-French War
 * 1204–1261 Nicaean–Latin wars
 * 1205 Battle of Serres (1205)
 * 1205 Battle of Zawichost
 * 1205 Battle of Adrianople (1205)
 * 1206 Battle of Rodosto
 * 1206 Battle of Rusion
 * 1207 Battle of Messinopolis
 * 1208 Battle of Beroia (1208)
 * 1208 Battle of Philippopolis (1208)
 * 1208–1227 Conquest of Estonia
 * 1209–1229 Albigensian Crusade
 * 1211 Welsh uprising of 1211
 * 1215–1217 First Barons' War
 * 1216–1392 Guelphs and Ghibellines
 * 1216–1222 War of Succession of Champagne
 * 1220–1264 Age of the Sturlungs
 * 1223–1241 Mongol invasion of Europe
 * 1223–1480 Tatar raids against Rus'
 * 1224 Siege of La Rochelle
 * 1227 Battle of Bornhöved
 * 1228–1230 War of the Keys
 * 1230 Battle of Klokotnitsa
 * 1231–1233 Friso-Drentic War
 * 1234–1238 Georgian-Mongol War
 * 1235 Siege of Constantinople (1235)
 * 1239–1245 Teltow War
 * 1241–1242 First Mongol invasion of Hungary
 * 1242–1243 Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia
 * 1242 Saintonge War
 * 1242–1249 Prussian uprisings
 * 1246–1282 War of the Babenberg Succession
 * 1256–1258 War of the Euboeote Succession
 * 1256–1381 Venetian–Genoese Wars
 * 1256–1422 Friso-Hollandic Wars
 * 1260 Battle of Kressenbrunn
 * 1260–1274 Prussian uprisings
 * 1262–1266 Scottish–Norwegian War
 * 1264–1267 Second Barons' War
 * 1264–1265 Hungarian Civil War
 * 1275–1276 The war against Valdemar Birgersson
 * 1276–1278 6000-mark war
 * 1276 War of Navarra
 * 1277–1280 Uprising of Ivaylo
 * 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld
 * 1282 Cumanic uprising in Hungary
 * 1282–1302 War of the Sicilian Vespers
 * 1283–1289 War of the Limburg Succession
 * 1284–1285 Aragonese Crusade
 * 1285–1286 Second Mongol invasion of Hungary
 * 1288–1295 War of the Outlaws
 * 1296–1357 Wars of Scottish Independence
 * 1297–1305 Franco-Flemish War
 * 1298 Battle of Göllheim

14th century

 * 1301–1308 Hungarian Interregnum
 * 1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs
 * 1304 Battle of Skafida
 * 1304–1310 The Swedish brother's feud
 * 1307 Battle of Lucka
 * 1310 – 1313 Henry VII's Italian campaign
 * 1311 Battle of Halmyros
 * 1311–1312 Rebellion of mayor Albert
 * 1312 Battle of Rozgony
 * 1313 Battle of Gammelsdorf
 * 1321–1322 Despenser War
 * 1321–1328 Byzantine civil war of 1321–28
 * 1322 Battle of Bliska
 * 1322 Battle of Mühldorf
 * 1323–1328 Peasant revolt in Flanders
 * 1324 War of Saint-Sardos
 * 1326–1332 Polish–Teutonic War
 * 1330 Hungarian-Wallachian War
 * 1332 Battle of Rusokastro
 * 1333–1338 Burke Civil War
 * 1337–1453 Hundred Years' War
 * 1340–1392 Galicia–Volhynia Wars
 * 1341–1347 Byzantine civil war of 1341–47
 * 1342–1350 Zealot's Rebellion
 * 1343–1345 St. George's Night Uprising
 * 1345–1396 Bulgarian–Ottoman wars
 * 1345 Battle of Peritheorion
 * 1355 Battle of Ihtiman
 * 1382/1385 Siege of Sofia
 * 1396 Battle of Nicopolis
 * 1347–1352 Neapolitan campaigns of Louis the Great
 * 1350–1498 Wars of the Vetkopers and Schieringers
 * 1350–1490 Hook and Cod wars
 * 1356–1358 Jacquerie
 * 1356–1375 War of the Two Peters
 * 1362 Battle of Helsingborg
 * 1362–1457 War of the Bands
 * 1366–1367 Savoyard crusade
 * 1366–1369 Castilian Civil War
 * 1366–1526 Hungarian-Ottoman Wars
 * 1366–1367 Savoyard crusade
 * 1369–1370 First Fernandine War
 * 1371–1413 Serbian–Ottoman wars
 * 1371 Battle of Maritsa
 * 1385/1387 Battle of Pločnik
 * 1371 Battle of Baesweiler
 * 1371–1379 War of the Guelderian Succession
 * 1371–1381 War of Chioggia
 * 1372–1373 Second Fernandine War
 * 1373–1379 Byzantine civil war of 1373–79
 * 1375 Gugler War
 * 1375–1378 War of the Eight Saints
 * 1381 Peasants' Revolt
 * 1381–1382 Third Fernandine War
 * 1381–1384 Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84)
 * 1382 Harelle and Maillotins Revolt
 * 1381–1404 Second Georgian–Mongol War
 * 1383–1385 Invasion of Portugal by Castille – Battle of Aljubarrota, 14 August 1385
 * 1387 Battle of Margate
 * 1389 Battle of Kosovo
 * 1389–1392 Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92)
 * 1395 Battle of Rovine
 * 1396 Battle of Nicopolis

15th century

 * 1400–1415 Glyndŵr Rising
 * 1401–1429 Appenzell Wars
 * 1407–1468 Georgian-Turkoman War
 * 1409–1411 Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
 * 1410–1435 War of Slesvig
 * 1414 Hunger War
 * 1419–1434 Hussite Wars
 * 1422 Gollub War
 * 1422 Battle of Arbedo
 * 1425–1454 Wars in Lombardy
 * 1431–1435 Polish–Teutonic War
 * 1434–1436 Engelbrekt rebellion
 * 1437 Budai Nagy Antal revolt
 * 1438–1556 Russo-Kazan Wars
 * 1440–1446 Old Zürich War
 * 1441 Battle of Samobor
 * 1443–1444 Long campaign
 * 1444 Battle of Varna
 * 1445 First Battle of Olmedo
 * 1447–1448 Albanian–Venetian War
 * 1449–1450 First Margrave War
 * 1449 Battle of Castione
 * 1449–1453 Revolt of Ghent
 * 1450 Jack Cade's Rebellion
 * 1451–1455 Navarrese Civil War
 * 1453 Fall of Constantinople
 * 1453–1454 Morea revolt
 * 1454–1466 Thirteen Years' War
 * 1455–1485 Wars of the Roses
 * 1462 Night attack at Târgoviște
 * 1462–1485 Rebellion of the Remences
 * 1462–1472 Catalan Civil War
 * 1463–1479 Venetian-Ottoman War
 * 1465 Battle of Montlhéry
 * 1465–1468 Wars of Liège
 * 1466–1469 Irmandiño Wars
 * 1467 Second Battle of Olmedo
 * 1467 Hungarian - Moldavian war
 * 1467–1479 War of the Priests
 * 1468 Waldshut War
 * 1468–1478 Bohemian War
 * 1470–1471 Dano-Swedish War
 * 1470–1474 Anglo-Hanseatic War
 * 1474–1477 Burgundian Wars
 * 1475 Battle of Vaslui
 * 1475–1479 War of the Castilian Succession
 * 1476 Battle of Valea Alba
 * 1477–1488 Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–88)
 * 1478 Carinthian Peasant Revolt
 * 1478 Battle of Giornico
 * 1479 Battle of Guinegate
 * 1482–1484 War of Ferrara
 * 1484 Battle of Lochmaben Fair
 * 1485–1488 Mad War
 * 1487 Battle of Crevola
 * 1487 War of Rovereto
 * 1488 Battle of Sauchieburn
 * 1490-91 War of the Hungarian Succession
 * 1492–1583 Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
 * 1493 Battle of Krbava Field
 * 1493–1593 Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War
 * 1494–1498 Italian War of 1494–98
 * 1495–1497 Russo-Swedish War
 * 1497 Cornish Rebellion of 1497
 * 1497 Battle of Rotebro
 * 1499 Swabian War
 * 1499–1504 Italian War of 1499–1504 – 20,000 killed in action

16th century

 * c. 1500–1854 Lekianoba
 * 1501–1512 Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512)
 * 1502–1543 Guelders Wars
 * 1503–1505 War of the Succession of Landshut
 * 1508–1516 War of the League of Cambrai – 31,000 killed in action
 * 1509–1510 Polish–Moldavian War
 * 1514 Poor Conrad's Rebellion
 * 1514 Dózsa rebellion
 * 1514–1517 Saxon feud
 * 1515 Slovene Peasant Revolt
 * 1515–1523 Frisian peasant rebellion
 * 1519–1521 Polish–Teutonic War
 * 1520–1521 Revolt of the Comuneros
 * 1521–1523 Revolt of the Brotherhoods
 * 1521–1523 Swedish War of Liberation
 * 1521–1526 Italian War of 1521–1526 – 30,000 killed in action
 * 1521–1791 Habsburg-Ottoman Wars
 * 1522–1523 Knights' War
 * 1524–1525 German Peasants' War
 * 1526 Battle of Mohács
 * 1526 Revolt of Espadán
 * 1526–1530 War of the League of Cognac – 18,000 killed in action
 * 1526–1538 Hungarian Civil War
 * 1526–1527 Jovan Nenad uprising
 * 1529 First War of Kappel
 * 1531 Second War of Kappel
 * 1531–1532 War of Two Kings
 * 1534 Silken Thomas Rebellion
 * 1534–1535 Münster Rebellion
 * 1534–1536 Count's Feud
 * 1536–1537 Reformation in Norway
 * 1536–1537 Pilgrimage of Grace
 * 1540 Salt War
 * 1542–1546 Italian War of 1542–1546 – 47,000 killed in action
 * 1542–1543 Dacke War
 * 1543 Siege of Esztergom
 * 1543–1550 Rough Wooing
 * 1546–1547 Schmalkaldic War
 * 1549 Kett's Rebellion
 * 1549 Prayer Book Rebellion
 * 1550 Battle of Sauðafell
 * 1551–1559 Italian War of 1551–1559 – 75,000 killed in action
 * 1552–1555 Second Margrave War
 * 1554 Wyatt's rebellion
 * 1554–1557 Russo-Swedish War
 * 1558–1583 Livonian War
 * 1559–1564 Spanish-Ottoman War – 24,000 killed in action
 * 1560 Siege of Leith
 * 1562–1598 French Wars of Religion
 * 1563–1570 Northern Seven Years' War
 * 1565 Great Siege of Malta
 * 1566 Siege of Szigetvár
 * 1568–1570 Morisco Revolt
 * 1568–1648 Eighty Years' War
 * 1569–1580 Spanish-Ottoman War – 48,000 killed in action
 * 1569–1570 Rising of the North
 * 1569–1573 First Desmond Rebellion
 * 1573 Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt
 * 1578 Georgian-Ottoman War
 * 1579–1583 Second Desmond Rebellion
 * 1580–1583 War of the Portuguese Succession
 * 1583–1588 Cologne War
 * 1585–1604 English-Spanish War – 48,000 killed in action
 * 1588–1654 Dutch–Portuguese War
 * 1587–1588 War of the Polish Succession
 * 1590–1595 Russo-Swedish War
 * 1593 Battle of Sisak
 * 1593–1606 Thirteen Years' War
 * 1593–1617 Moldavian Magnate Wars
 * 1594–1603 Nine Years' War (Ireland)
 * 1595–1621 Moldavian Magnate Wars
 * 1595 Battle of Călugăreni
 * 1596–1597 Cudgel War
 * 1598 First Tarnovo uprising
 * 1598–1599 War against Sigismund
 * 1599 Battle of Șelimbăr

17th century

 * 1600–1629 Polish–Swedish War
 * 1601 Battle of Guruslău
 * 1602 Savoyard escalade of Geneva
 * 1604–1606 Bocskai Uprising
 * 1605–1618 Polish–Muscovite War
 * 1606–1607 Bolotnikov Rebellion
 * 1606–1608 Zebrzydowski Rebellion
 * 1610–1614 Spanish-Ottoman War – 15,000 killed in action
 * 1610–1617 Ingrian War
 * 1611–1613 Kalmar War
 * 1615–1618 Uskok War
 * 1615–1617 Spanish-Savoian War – 2,000 killed in action
 * 1617–1621 Spanish-Venetian War – 5,000 killed in action
 * 1618–1619 Spanish-Ottoman War – 6,000 killed in action
 * 1618–1648 Thirty Years' War
 * 1624–1625 Siege of Breda – Spain vs. Holland, England
 * 1635 Siege of Leuven – Spain vs. Holland, France
 * 1637 Battle off Lizard Point – Spain vs. Holland
 * 1638 Battle of Getaria – France vs. Spain
 * 1639 Battle of the Downs – Spain vs. Holland
 * 1643 Battle of Rocroi – France vs. Spain
 * 1648 Battle of Lens – France vs. Spain
 * 1618–1639 Bündner Wirren
 * 1620–1621 Polish–Ottoman War
 * 1625 Zhmaylo Uprising
 * 1627–1629 Anglo-French War
 * 1628–1631 War of the Mantuan Succession
 * 1630 Fedorovych Uprising
 * 1632–1634 Smolensk War
 * 1637 Pavlyuk Uprising
 * 1638 Ostryanyn Uprising
 * 1639–1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms
 * 1639–1640 Bishops' Wars
 * 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars
 * 1642–1651 English Civil War
 * 1642–1646 First English Civil War
 * 1648–1649 Second English Civil War
 * 1649–1651 Third English Civil War
 * 1649–1653 Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
 * 1640–1668 Spanish-Portuguese War – 80,000 killed in action
 * 1648–1659 Franco-Spanish War – 108,000 killed in action
 * 1648–1657 Khmelnytsky Uprising
 * 1651 Kostka-Napierski Uprising
 * 1651–1986 Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War
 * 1652–1674 Anglo-Dutch Wars
 * 1653 Swiss peasant war of 1653
 * 1654 First Bremian War
 * 1654–1667 Russo-Polish War
 * 1654–1660 English-Spanish War – 15,000 killed in action
 * 1655–1660 Second Northern War
 * 1656 War of Villmergen
 * 1666 Second Bremian War
 * 1666–1671 Polish–Cossack–Tatar War
 * 1667–1668 War of Devolution – 4,000 killed in action
 * 1670–1671 Razin's Rebellion
 * 1672 First Kuruc Uprising
 * 1672-1676 Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676)
 * 1672–1678 Franco-Dutch War – 342,000 killed in action
 * 1672–1673 Second Genoese–Savoyard War
 * 1675–1679 Scanian War
 * 1676–1681 Russo-Ottoman War
 * 1678–1685 Thököly Uprising
 * 1679 Covenanter Rebellion
 * 1683–1684 War of the Reunions – 5,000 killed in action
 * 1683–1699 War of the Holy League – 384,000 killed in action
 * 1685 Monmouth Rebellion
 * 1686 Second Tarnovo uprising
 * 1688 Chiprovtsi uprising
 * 1688–1697 Nine Years' War – 680,000 killed in action
 * 1688 Glorious Revolution
 * 1689 Karposh's rebellion
 * 1689–1692 First Jacobite Rising
 * 1700 Lithuanian Civil War

18th century

 * 1700–1721 Great Northern War – 30,000 Russians killed in action
 * 1701–1714 War of the Spanish Succession – 1,251,000 killed in action
 * 1703–1711 Rákóczi's War of Independence
 * 1707–1708 Bulavin Rebellion
 * 1712 Toggenburg War
 * 1714–1718 Venetian-Ottoman War
 * 1715–1716 Jacobite rising of 1715
 * 1718–1720 War of the Quadruple Alliance – 25,000 killed in action
 * 1722–1723 Russo-Persian War
 * 1727–1729 British-Spanish War – 15,000 killed in action
 * 1733–1738 War of the Polish Succession – 88,000 killed in action
 * 1735–1739 Russo-Ottoman War
 * 1740–1748 War of the Austrian Succession – 359,000 killed in action
 * 1740–1763 Silesian Wars
 * 1741–1743 Russo-Swedish War
 * 1745–1746 Jacobite rising of 1745
 * 1756–1763 Seven Years' War – 992,000 killed in action
 * 1757 Battle of Khresili
 * 1763–1864 Russo-Circassian War
 * 1768–1772 War of the Bar Confederation
 * 1768–1774 Russo-Ottoman War
 * 1770 Battle of Aspindza
 * 1770 Orlov Revolt
 * 1774–1775 Pugachev's Rebellion
 * 1775–1783 American Revolutionary War
 * 1778–1779 War of the Bavarian Succession
 * 1784 Kettle War
 * 1784–1785 Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan
 * 1785 Battle of the Sunja
 * 1787 Dutch Patriot Revolt
 * 1787–1792 Russo-Ottoman War
 * 1788–1790 Russo-Swedish War
 * 1789–1802 French Revolutionary Wars – 663,000 killed in action
 * 1790 Saxon Peasants' Revolt
 * 1792 Polish–Russian War of 1792
 * 1794 Kościuszko Uprising
 * 1795 Battle of Krtsanisi
 * 1798 Irish Rebellion of 1798
 * 1798 Peasants' War

19th century

 * 1803 Irish Rebellion of 1803
 * 1803 Souliote War
 * 1803–1815 Napoleonic Wars
 * 1804–1813 First Serbian Uprising
 * 1804–1813 Russo-Persian War
 * 1806–1812 Russo-Ottoman War
 * 1808–1809 Finnish War
 * 1809 Polish–Austrian War
 * 1815–1817 Second Serbian Uprising
 * 1817–1864 Russian conquest of the Caucasus
 * 1821–1829 Greek War of Independence
 * 1821 Wallachian uprising
 * 1823 French invasion of Spain
 * 1826–1828 Russo-Persian War
 * 1827 War of the Malcontents
 * 1828–1829 Russo-Ottoman War
 * 1828–1834 Liberal Wars
 * 1830 July Revolution
 * 1830 Belgian Revolution
 * 1831 Ten Days' Campaign
 * 1830–1831 November Uprising
 * 1831 Canut revolts
 * 1831–1832 Bosnian Uprising
 * 1831–1836 Tithe War
 * 1832 War in the Vendée and Chouannerie of 1832
 * 1832 June Rebellion
 * 1832 Siege of Antwerp
 * 1833–1839 First Carlist War
 * 1833–1839 Albanian Revolts of 1833–39
 * 1843–1844 Albanian Revolt of 1843–44
 * 1846 Galician slaughter
 * 1846 Revolution of Maria da Fonte
 * 1846 Solís Uprising
 * 1846–1849 Second Carlist War
 * 1846–1847 Patuleia
 * 1847 Albanian Revolt of 1847
 * 1847 Sonderbund War
 * 1848–1849 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
 * 1848–1851 First Schleswig War
 * 1848–1849 First Italian War of Independence
 * 1852-1853 Montenegrin–Ottoman War
 * 1853–1856 Crimean War
 * 1854 Epirus Revolt of 1854
 * 1858 Mahtra War
 * 1859 Second Italian War of Independence
 * 1861–1862 Montenegrin–Ottoman War
 * 1863–1864 January Uprising
 * 1864 Second Schleswig War
 * 1866 Austro-Prussian War
 * 1866–1869 Cretan Revolt
 * 1866 Third Italian War of Independence
 * 1867 Fenian Rising
 * 1869 Krivošije uprising
 * 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War
 * 1872–1876 Third Carlist War
 * 1873–1874 Cantonal Revolution
 * 1875–1877 Herzegovina uprising
 * 1876–1878 Serbian–Ottoman War
 * 1876 Bulgarian April Uprising
 * 1876 Razlovtsi insurrection
 * 1876–1878 Montenegrin–Ottoman War
 * 1877–1878 Russo-Ottoman War
 * 1878–1879 Kresna–Razlog uprising
 * 1878 Epirus Revolt of 1878
 * 1885 Bulgarian unification
 * 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War
 * 1897 Thirty Days' War

20th century

 * 1903 Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
 * 1904–1908 Macedonian Struggle
 * 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War
 * 1905 Łódź insurrection
 * 1905 Revolution of 1905
 * 1906–1908 Theriso revolt
 * 1907 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt
 * 1910 Albanian Revolt of 1910
 * 1910 5 October 1910 revolution
 * 1911 Albanian Revolt of 1911
 * 1911–1912 Italo-Turkish War
 * 1912 Albanian Revolt of 1912
 * 1912 Royalist attack on Chaves
 * 1912–1913 Balkan Wars
 * 1912–1913 First Balkan War
 * 1913 Tikveš Uprising
 * 1913 Second Balkan War
 * 1913 Ohrid–Debar Uprising
 * 1914 Peasant Revolt in Albania
 * 1914–1918 World War I - 19,174,335 deaths
 * 1914 Caucasus Campaign
 * 1916 Noemvriana
 * 1917 Toplica Uprising
 * 1918 Judenburg mutiny
 * 1918 Cattaro Mutiny
 * 1918 Aster Revolution
 * 1918 Radomir Rebellion
 * 1918 Finnish Civil War
 * 1916 Easter Rising
 * 1917 Russian Revolution
 * 1917 February Revolution
 * 1917 July Days
 * 1917 Polubotkivtsi uprising
 * 1917 Kornilov affair
 * 1917 October Revolution
 * 1917 Junker mutiny
 * 1917 Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
 * 1917–1921 Russian Civil War
 * 1917–1918 Red Army invasion of Georgia
 * 1917–1921 Ukrainian War of Independence
 * 1917–1921 Ukrainian–Soviet War
 * 1918–1919 Polish–Ukrainian War
 * 1918–1924 Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks
 * 1918 Left SR uprising
 * 1921 Kronstadt rebellion
 * 1918–1922 Heimosodat
 * 1918 Viena expedition
 * 1918 Aunus expedition
 * 1918–1920 Petsamo expeditions
 * 1918–1920 National revolt of Ingrian Finns
 * 1921–1922 East Karelian Uprising
 * 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence
 * 1918–1925 Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
 * 1918–1920 North Russia Intervention
 * 1918–1922 Siberian Intervention
 * 1918 Georgian–Armenian War
 * 1918–1920 Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–20)
 * 1918–1919 Georgian-Russian conflict over Sochi
 * 1918–1920 Armenian–Azerbaijani War
 * 1918–1920 Latvian War of Independence
 * 1918–1920 Lithuanian Wars of Independence
 * 1918–1919 Lithuanian–Soviet War
 * 1919 Lithuanian War of Independence (War against the Bermontians)
 * 1920 Polish–Lithuanian War
 * 1919–1921 Polish–Soviet War
 * 1921 Georgian–Russian War
 * 1924 Georgian Uprising against Soviet Union
 * 1919–1920 Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–20)
 * 1918–1919 Hungarian–Romanian War
 * 1918–1919 Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
 * 1918 Yugoslav occupation of Međimurje
 * 1919 Hutsul Uprising
 * 1919 Monarchy of the North uprising
 * 1919 Sejny Uprising
 * 1919 Khotyn Uprising
 * 1918–1919 Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia
 * 1918–1958 Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
 * 1919 Polish-Czech war for Teschen Silesia
 * 1918–1919 German Revolution
 * 1918–1919 Greater Poland Uprising
 * 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War
 * 1918–1921 Franco-Turkish War
 * 1920 Armenian-Turkish War
 * 1919 Christmas Uprising
 * 1919–1920 Unrest in Split
 * 1919–1921 Silesian Uprisings
 * 1919 First Silesian Uprising
 * 1920 Second Silesian Uprising
 * 1921 Third Silesian Uprising
 * 1919–1922 Irish War of Independence
 * 1920 Husino rebellion
 * 1920 Vlora War
 * 1920 Kapp Putsch
 * 1920 Ruhr Uprising
 * 1920 Slutsk Defence Action
 * 1920–1924 Biennio Rosso
 * 1921 Uprising in West Hungary
 * 1921 February Uprising
 * 1921 Charles IV of Hungary's attempts to retake the throne
 * 1922–1923 Irish Civil War
 * 1923 Corfu incident
 * 1923 September Uprising
 * 1923 Klaipėda Revolt
 * 1923 Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt
 * 1924 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt
 * 1924 August Uprising
 * 1925 Incident at Petrich
 * 1932 Mäntsälä rebellion
 * 1933 Casas Viejas incident
 * 1933 Anarchist uprising in Spain (1933)
 * 1934 Asturian miners' strike of 1934
 * 1934 Austrian Civil War
 * 1935 1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
 * 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War
 * 1938 1938 Greek coup d'état attempt
 * 1939 German occupation of Czechoslovakia
 * 1939 Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine
 * 1939 Italian invasion of Albania
 * 1939–1965 Spanish Maquis
 * 1939–1940 S-Plan
 * 1939–1945 World War II
 * 1939 Nazi German invasion of Poland
 * 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland
 * 1939–1940 Winter War(Soviet invasion of Finland)
 * 1940 Phoney War
 * 1940 Operation Weserübung
 * 1940 Norwegian campaign
 * 1940 Occupation of Iceland
 * 1940 Invasion of Luxembourg
 * 1940 Battle of the Netherlands
 * 1940 Battle of Belgium
 * 1940 Battle of France
 * 1940 Italian invasion of France
 * 1940 Soviet invasion of the Baltic States
 * 1940 Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
 * 1940 Battle of Britain
 * 1940–1941 Greco-Italian War
 * 1941–1945 Soviet–German War
 * 1941–1945 Yugoslav anti-fascist resistance movement
 * 1941–1944 Continuation War
 * 1941 Uprising in Montenegro
 * 1942 Case Blue
 * 1942–1944 Northern Campaign
 * 1942–1956 Ukrainian Insurgent Army
 * 1943 Italian Campaign
 * 1944 Operation Market Garden
 * 1944 Warsaw Uprising
 * 1944 Western Allied invasion of Germany
 * 1944–1945 Lapland War
 * 1944–1945 Slovak National Uprising
 * 1944–1945 Liberation of France
 * 1944–1945 Battle of the Bulge
 * 1945 Second Battle of the Alps
 * 1945 Battle of Berlin
 * 1944–1956 Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
 * 1945–1949 Greek Civil War
 * 1946–1948 Corfu Channel incident
 * 1947–1962 Romanian anti-communist resistance movement
 * 1953 Uprising in East Germany
 * 1955–1959 Cyprus Emergency
 * 1956 Uprising in Poznań
 * 1956 Hungarian Revolution
 * 1956–1962 Operation Harvest
 * 1958 First Cod War
 * 1959–2011 Basque conflict
 * 1961 Vlora incident
 * 1967 Greek coup d'état
 * 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
 * 1968–1998 The Troubles
 * 1968–1988 Unrest in Italy
 * 1972–1973 Second Cod War
 * 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus
 * 1974 Carnation Revolution
 * 1975 Coup of 25 November 1975
 * 1975 Aleria standoff
 * 1975–1976 Third Cod War
 * 1976–2016 Corsican conflict
 * 1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt
 * 1986 Evros River incident
 * 1988–1994 First Nagorno-Karabakh War
 * 1989–1995 Gagauzia conflict
 * 1989 Romanian Revolution
 * 1990 Log Revolution
 * 1990–1991 Soviet attacks on Lithuanian border posts
 * 1990–present Transnistria conflict
 * 1990–1992 Transnistria War
 * 1991 January Events
 * 1991 The Barricades
 * 1991–2001 Yugoslav Wars
 * 1991 Ten-Day War
 * 1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence
 * 1992–1995 Bosnian War
 * 1992–1994 Croat–Bosniak War
 * 1995–1998 Insurgency in Kosovo
 * 1998–1999 Kosovo War
 * 1999–2001 Insurgency in the Preševo Valley
 * 2001 2001 insurgency in Macedonia
 * 1991–1992 Georgian war against Russo-Ossetian alliance
 * 1991–1993 Georgian Civil War
 * 1991–2017 Chechen–Russian conflict
 * 1994 Battle of Grozny (November 1994)
 * 1994–1996 First Chechen War
 * 1999–2009 Second Chechen War
 * 2009–2017 Insurgency in the North Caucasus
 * 1992 East Prigorodny Conflict
 * 1992–1993 War in Abkhazia
 * 1993 1993 Cherbourg incident
 * 1993 1993 Russian constitutional crisis
 * 1995–1996 Imia/Kardak military crisis
 * 1997–1998 Cyprus Missile Crisis
 * 1997 Albanian civil unrest
 * 1997–present Dissident Irish Republican campaign
 * 1998 Six-Day War of Abkhazia

21st century

 * 2001 Georgia, Kodori crisis
 * 2001 2001 insurgency in Macedonia
 * 2004–2013 Unrest in Kosovo
 * 2004 2004 unrest in Kosovo
 * 2008 2008 unrest in Kosovo
 * 2011–2013 North Kosovo crisis
 * 2022–2024 North Kosovo crisis
 * 2004 Georgia, Adjara crisis
 * 2004 Georgia, South Ossetia clashes
 * 2006 Georgia, Kodori crisis
 * 2008 Russo-Georgian war
 * 2014–present Russo-Ukrainian War (outline)
 * 2014 Pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
 * 2014–present Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
 * 2014–2022 War in Donbass
 * 2021–2022 Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
 * 2022–present Russian invasion of Ukraine
 * 2022–present Belarusian and Russian partisan movement
 * 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh war
 * 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh

title: List of conflicts in Europe


text: User talk:67.172.158.8

title: User talk:67.172.158.8


text:
Allentown, Tukwila, Washington

Allentown is a neighborhood of Tukwila, Washington, on the Duwamish River. It is situated between the Rainier View neighborhood of southern Seattle and the Boulevard Park neighborhood of unincorporated King County.

History
The area was settled by Joseph Allen, for whom the area is named, in 1879. Allentown voted to be annexed into the city of Tukwila in February 1989, adding 1,200 residents and 2.6 sqmi to the city.

title: Allentown, Tukwila, Washington


text: User talk:81.66.214.79

title: User talk:81.66.214.79


text:
DB drag racing

dB drag racing is a competition rewarding the person who can produce the loudest sound inside a vehicle. The "dB" means decibels of sound pressure level (SPL). In these competitions, SPL of over 140 decibels is common; and the international record in 2003 was 171.5 dB, with records as high as 180 dB claimed more recently.

Competitive vehicles can range from a small vehicle with a single amplifier and subwoofer up to a large van with dozens of amplifiers and subwoofers powered by dozens of car batteries and with upgraded electrical wiring and alternators.

There were 10,000 competitors in 2003 and 300 "races". U.S. National Championships were held in Tennessee.

During a competition, the vehicle must be driven 20 ft. Nobody is allowed to sit in the vehicle during trials because injury would be certain. The vehicles are sealed tight to maximize containment of the sound energy for the decibel level meter. The competitor stands away from the vehicle with an on/off switch control while a computer voice announces the stages for the "races". The test tone consists of a very short resonating tone between 30 Hz and 70 Hz, called "the burp".

title: DB drag racing


text:
Cremlingen transmitter

The Cremlingen transmitter is a large mediumwave transmission facility established in 1962 for transmitting the programme of Deutschlandfunk on 756 kHz near Cremlingen-Abbenrode. It was also known as Sender Braunschweig or Sender Königslutter.

The first transmitter was installed in 1962. It transmitted the program of Deutschlandfunk on 755 kHz (756 kHz from 1978 on) at a power of 100 kW and used as its aerial a 137-metre-high guyed steel framework mast. The transmitter power was raised to 200 kW one year later, but it only operated during daytime for some time. Interferences with the Ravensburg mediumwave transmitter which worked on the same frequency were common.

A second transmitter was installed for the transmission of the Deutschlandfunk programme on 548 kHz from 28 October 1963, initially with a power of 200 kW. It used a 240-metre-high guyed steel tube mast as its aerial, which was insulated against the ground, A second, insulated guyed steel framework mast was installed to shape the radiation pattern with a minimum towards the southeast, in order to avoid interferences with Radio Mayak in the Soviet Union.

On 1 October 1967 the transmission power on 548 kHz was raised to 800 kW (400 kW during nighttime), sufficient to reach all of the northern Federal Republic of Germany and most of the territory of the GDR.

According to the Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975 which came into effect in November 1978, transmissions on 548 kHz ceased in favour of Thurnau transmitter which started to transmit at this time on 549 kHz with 200 kW, and Nordkirchen transmitter on the same frequency with 100 kW. Both transmitters at Cremlingen were converted to combined operation at 756 kHz with a maximum daytime power of 800 kilowatts, and 200 kilowatts with a radiation minimum towards the southeast during the night. The height of the steel tube mast was reduced from 240 metres to 199 metres to optimize it for 756 kHz. Likewise, the steel framework mast used to for directional purposes was shortened to 99 m. The height of the 137-metre mast was not changed, it was used after 1978 as a backup aerial.

The 800 kW vacuum tube transmitters have been dismantled, and since the middle of the 1990s the transmitter power has been 200 kW all day, provided by two 100 kW transmitters. In 2005, a fully transistorised and DRM capable 800 kW transmitter station was installed.

From 2001 to 2003 the program of the pop music radio MEGARADIO was transmitted using the backup station on 630 kHz and the 137-metre-high radio mast as the aerial. This was made possible after this frequency, which had been used from 1978 until the mid-1990s for transmissions of SFB and NDR on 630 kHz from the Dannenberg transmitter in the daytime, had been re-coordinated for 24-hour transmission from the Cremlingen transmitter.

From 1 April 2005 until 2 January 2013, the program of Voice of Russia was transmitted from Cremlingen on 630 kHz. Switch-off was planned for 31 December 2012, but a technical fault caused transmissions to continue until 2 January 2013.

The last programme to be transmitted from this station was that of Deutschlandradio. Transmissions ceased on 31 December 2015. All masts have been demolished.

title: Cremlingen transmitter


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Queen Beryl

Queen Beryl
Queen Beryl was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep.

Presumably a fictional character, but surely not a notable one? Deb 20:39, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC) ''Note: this was the version of the article that was put on VfD; it has been substantially expanded since then. -- Antaeus Feldspar 04:31, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)''
 * Delete: Super minor fan trivia. (Now, the Order of the Leaping Berrolians is another matter.)  Geogre 22:22, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Mikkalai 02:27, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Queen Beryl was one of the first villains on Sailor Moon (I forget if it was a dub name or whether it was also in the original). The question of whether to delete boils down to whether Sailor Moon covers her properly. kelvSYC 02:40, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That name is indeed used in the original anime, as well as in PGSM. Denelson83 07:42, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I would ask that people use the "What Links Here" link before proposing a VfD, or weighing in on one. In Sailor Moon Queen Beryl is no less than the prime villain of the "Dark Kingdom" arc, the leader of the Negaverse; unless I am mistaken, there is not a single villain in this, the original Sailor Moon series, who is not being sent by Queen Beryl, and the series concludes with a final personal showdown between Sailor Moon herself and Queen Beryl.  How that can translate under any sort of examination as "super minor fan trivia" I really don't know.  Keep and send to cleanup.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 20:06, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * But what is Sailor Moon???? Do I have to follow the link from that as well? Deb 23:42, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If you didn't know what Sailor Moon was, why describe it as "surely not [...] notable" ? If you have to "presume" that she's a fictional character in the first place, then you don't have enough information to make such a judgement, now, do you? -- Antaeus Feldspar 01:40, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, send to cleanup. -Sean Curtin 23:42, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I hate Sailor Moon but this seems notable based on Antaeus Feldspar's comments.--JuntungWu 02:50, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep based on the evidence noted above. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 05:08, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Since the article has been significantly expanded, I vote for this article to be kept, given that I'm a particularly devoted SM fan. Denelson83 05:26, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep this useful article, it just needs a little TLC (i.e.,cleanup).Ranma9617 20:21, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Biscúter

Biscúter (Spanish spelling for the pronunciation of BiScooter) is a microcar manufactured in Spain, by Auto Nacional, SA, from 1953 until 1960, total of all versions around 10,000 units.

Background
Raw material shortages and general economic difficulties in Europe following the Second World War made very small, economical cars popular in many countries. In Spain, following the Spanish Civil War and the embargo declared by the United Nations against General Francisco Franco's dictatorship, the situation was even worse. The combination of relative underdevelopment, war devastation and an international trade embargo meant that the country operated at a much lower economic level than the rest of Western Europe for nearly two decades and was forced to develop domestic substitutes for hard-to-get imported products and technologies. The Biscúter, tiny, simple, and cheap even by microcar standards, was a product of this economic environment and was well suited to its time and market.

Origins
The car had its origins in France in the late 1940s, where aircraft and car designer and manufacturer Gabriel Voisin had designed a minimal car called the Biscooter for Avions Voisin. The playful name implied that it was about the size of two motorscooters, or a scooter with four wheels. The design drew no interest from either manufacturers or consumers there, however, and he eventually licensed it to Spanish firm Autonacional S.A. of Barcelona. By the time it was introduced in 1953, the marque had been hispanicized to Biscúter. The first car had no formal model name and was called simply the Series 100, but it soon became known as the Zapatilla, or little shoe (clog), after a low-heeled peasant slipper popular at the time.

Technical information
The Zapatilla was minimal indeed, with no doors or windows or reverse gear. The 1 cylinder, 197 cc, two-stroke motor produced 9 horsepower (7 kW), had a crank starter, and drove only the right front wheel. It had a large, oil-filled cylinder head, to compensate overheating during traffic light arrests, and avoid overcooling while on road at higher speeds, producing a: 'Temperature Buffer' effect. Braking was by an unusual three-point system involving the transmission and cable ties to the two rear wheels. One genuinely advanced feature was an all-aluminum body, although steel was later used.

History
Biscúter flourished for about ten years and the cars became a common sight on Spanish roads, as well as a part of popular culture. ("Ugly as a Biscúter" was a common joke.) Amenities such as doors and windows did eventually appear, and several different bodystyles were produced, including trucks, an elegant woodie station wagon, and a toy-like sports car called the Pegasín (little Pegaso).

In 1950 the Spanish auto maker SEAT was set up as the country's national car manufacturer, but at first even the most inexpensive of its designs were considered luxury cars, out of reach of the average Spanish consumer. As time went on and a greater degree of prosperity developed, though, SEATs began to take more of the market and crowd out the cheaper marques. In 1957 the company attempted to produce a sports car, the Biscuter Pegasin in an attempt to attract the wealthier buyers. The styling was similar to the Pegaso Z-102, but it didn't help much. By the early 60s, Biscúter sales and production stopped, after a total production run of about 12,000. It is thought that almost all of the cars were eventually scrapped.

Today
Now Biscúters are mostly museum curiosities, although like many vanished marques they have some following among auto enthusiasts. The name is little known outside Spain, however, and most materials pertaining to it are in Spanish.

title: Biscúter


text:
Talk:Ronan Keating

2004 edit
Erherm - the suggestion that he had a relationship with Brian Kennedy is just tabloid rumour - nothing substantial behind if. If we leave that in, we'd better add the accusations about Eddie Irvine and his missus.... Kiand 20:42, 11 December 2004 (UTC)

British pop singer
I see this page originally had this person down as a "British pop singer". Any chance of reinstating that as a sort of gesture of respect and love between our two peoples? 193.1.172.138 04:13, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

page
aaaaaaaaammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm................wheres the page gone?Risteard B 16:46, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Trivia section
I have just removed the following trivia section which was recently added: ===Trivia===

It is a great deal of completely unsourced information which needs references beforeadding back to the article. Also could do with being placed in some context per WP:TRIVIA. -- Beloved Freak  12:45, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) He was thrown out of the choir at school for unruly behaviour.
 * 2) As well as making his mark in Boyzone, he went on to manage Westlife and host Eurovision and Miss World
 * 3) He's also said he'd like to run for the Irish Presidency one day, just like Dana.
 * 4) His fear of flying wasn't improved when his private Cessna jet had a technical malfunction and had to make an emergency landing.
 * 5) Ronan was thrown out of a New York City pub for singing, during his 27th birthday celebrations.
 * 6) After performing in Hyde Park, Ronan was given his own tree as were Shirley Bassey, Rod Stewart and Diana Ross.
 * 7) He also appeared in the star-studded 3000th edition of the Beano, with Geri Halliwell, Brooklyn Beckham and Ken Dodd.
 * 8) Ronan on drink and drugs:"I never took hard drugs at all. Never done cocaine in my life. Drink is an Oirish trait, though. I could stop for three months if I wanted to, but I don't want to."
 * 9) He has been called the 'nicest man in pop'.
 * 10) On his birthday in 2007 Ronan got a new Porsche from his wife, and a stay at a EUR7,000-a-night hotel(Sunday Mirror)
 * 11) Ronan gave out at football bosses in Australia who fined a top team for wearing cancerawareness arm-bands (Sunday Mirror 2006)
 * 12) Ronan on Louis Walsh (his former manager) "He's a shallow little man," "I'm not bothered about him." he told an Australian interviewer.(Sunday Mirror 2006)
 * 13) In 2004 Ronan thought he would die after a horror health scare. He contracted a bug which made his face swell up so much his own family didn't recognise him. The mystery bug was thought to have been caused by an insect bite.
 * 14) He has his chest waxed regulary.
 * 15) Ronan headlined the biggest concert ever held in Armagh Northern Ireland . Thousands of revellers celebrated in the Cathedral City on 22 September 2007 as Ronan played a historic outdoor gig. The concert marked the presentation of the Freedom of Armagh City and District to Lord Robin and Lady Christine Eames, who made history as the first individuals ever to be awarded with the accolade for their role in the Northern Ireland peace process. Reviews of the concert were excellent thus cementing Ronan as Ireland's premier  pop talent and going ahead of Daniel O' Donnell in the popularity stakes
 * 16) Phil Coulter is a great admirer of Ronan. They have played often together and have an excellent version of 'The Town I loved so well'
 * 17) Ronan has stated on numerous occasions of his desire to 'collaborate' with George Michael.
 * 18) Ronan on Bono " If I wasn't me I'd like to be ... Bono. He is a wonderful person. U2 are just such a cool band. Bono had always been an idol of mine and meeting him didn't disappoint. He is just an all-round good guy. He does a lot for other people, which is a very admirable quality."

Covers
Should there be a mention of how most of his hits are covers of top ten American country and western songs? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.189.112.51 (talk) 05:49, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

Puff piece
This page is one of the worst in Wikipedia...its just a puff piece! Hardly worth having the page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.166.231.199 (talk) 16:20, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

Biography
2009 sees Ronan Keating starting his 15th year in the music industry, making him something of an anomaly in the world of pop music.

Boasting a lifetime of impressive professional achievements including; duetting with Elton John at Madison Square Garden, singing for the Pope twice, hosting everything from Miss World and the Eurovision Song Contest to the MTV Awards, recording with Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens), writing an autobiography, travelling the world, guiding Westlife to stardom, winning a prestigious BMI European Song Writing Award, winning an Ivor Novello Award, being appointed as a UN Goodwill Ambassador and too many hits, gigs and awards to keep count, Ronan’s prolific, varied and highly successful career shows no sign of slowing.

Ronan’s music career of course, started with Boyzone back in the early nineties. 2008 saw Ronan rejoining his band mates, after nearly a decade apart, for what was to be a spectacular comeback. After a sell-out 29-date tour, a Top 5 comeback single and a Number 1 Greatest Hits album, Boyzone re-affirmed their place in the pop charts and are already looking forward to getting back on the road again later this year for another sell-out tour.

March 2009 will see Ronan take a short break from his busy schedule with Boyzone, for the release of his special album to celebrate Mother’s Day, ‘Songs For My Mother’. A project especially close to Ronan’s heart, the album is a collection of songs that Ronan remembers his mother listening to when he was growing up; Mother’s Day being an especially poignant day for Ronan since the death of his mother Marie, in 1998. Recorded over the space of two days with a live orchestra, the album was produced by Steve Lipson, who has previously worked with the likes of Paul McCartney, Annie Lennox and Will Young.

This being Ronan’s sixth solo studio album, it is clear just how far he has come since his indigent Dublin childhood. The youngest of five children, professional achievements aside, Ronan went on to celebrate a Caribbean wedding to wife Yvonne and has since added to the family with three beautiful children - Jack, Marie and Ali.

Ronan’s first taste of musical success came in November 1994 when he hit the top three for the very first time with Boyzone’s first hit ‘Love Me For A Reason’. Since then he’s not looked back. In those initial five years as part of one the biggest pop bands ever, he enjoyed success with an incredible 16 top five singles, six of which hit the number one spot. In August of 1999 he had his first ever solo number one with ‘When You Say Nothing At All’.

In August of 2000 Ronan released his debut, self titled, album. It shot straight to number one in the UK Album Charts. It contained the two number one singles ‘When You Say Nothing At All’ (August 1999) and ‘Life Is A Rollercoaster’ (July 2000). It went on to sell a very impressive 4.4 million copies around the world. This album firmly established Ronan in his own right.

Solo album number two, ‘Destination’ (which includes the number one single ‘If Tomorrow Never Comes’), was released on the 20th of May 2002 and went straight to number one. To coincide with the release of ‘Destination’ Ronan kicked off a yearlong world tour in the same month starting with a sell-out Arena tour in the UK. Between May 2002 and May 2003 Ronan toured the UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, the Gulf, India and South East Asia.

In May 2003 the ‘Destination’ world tour came to an end and Ronan began writing and recording for his third studio album ‘Turn It On’ (released September 2003). In the same year Ronan was awarded with a prestigious BMI European song-writing award for his song ‘The Long Goodbye’, which enjoyed success in the US as a number one single in the Billboard country chart where it was covered by US country duo Brookes and Dunn.

2004 began successfully for Ronan as ‘She Believes In Me’ charted at number two in the single charts and ‘Last thing On My Mind’ (a duet with US star Leann Rimes), the last single to be taken from ‘Turn It On’ hit the top five.

In June 2004 Ronan made a trip that was to change his life - he visited Ghana on his first trip as a Fair Trade ambassador for Christian Aid. Ronan spent a week visiting farmers and families across central Ghana to see first hand how unfair trade laws are destroying livelihoods.

“It was like nothing I had ever seen before. The sense of injustice is so strong and yet the people are so patient. I never knew what was going on outside Dublin until I was 16 or 17 and started to travel with Boyzone. I remember going to Bangkok and the poverty made me sick. I felt as if I had a duty to give back, after been given so much. Not just money but opportunities. The difference is that this isn’t about people at home putting their hands in their pockets,” Ronan says. “This is about joining a campaign to get our government to use their position on the IMF, the World Bank and World Trade Organisation to change things”.

In August 2004 Polydor Records announced that they would release ‘Ronan Keating – 10 Years Of Hits’ to celebrate Ronan’s first decade in the music industry. The album went straight to number one and to date has sold nearly 2:5 million copies worldwide. This hits album saw Ronan get together with Yusuf Islam to record a version of ‘Father and Son’, which charted at number two on Christmas Day 2004 (losing out on the number one spot to Band Aid 20). Ronan had originally enjoyed success with this track in 1995 when Boyzone released it as a single.

In June 2006 came ‘Bring You Home’ which spawned the hit singles ‘All Over Again’ and ‘Iris’ and was Ronan’s last studio album until this year’s ‘Songs For My Mother’.

Outside of music Ronan has always kept himself busy with other projects, with a particular emphasis on charity work, which has always featured largely in his schedule. Following the death of his mother, Ronan and family set up the Marie Keating Foundation which now in partnership with Cancer Research UK, raises huge amounts of money every year towards cancer research, in his mother’s memory. Fundraising for the charity has seen Ronan walk across Ireland twice, put on an Emeralds and Ivy Ball every year which receives tremendous support across the board from a host of Ronan’s celeb pals. He also ran the London Marathon last year and will be doing so again this April. If it wasn’t for the Boyzone tour starting in May, we may have forgiven Ronan for taking a month off, as February will also see him climbing Kilimanjaro with the likes of Gary Barlow and Cheryl Cole in aid of Comic Relief —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.172.10.191 (talk) 15:38, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Marriage
Recently read that Ronan and his wife have reconciled! Please add that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.78.5.134 (talk) 03:44, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
 * The article used to state that they split; that info has now been removed. If they split (and reconciled), that should be included. Jim Michael (talk) 01:55, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

Philanthropy?
Really? It says he is a philanthropist in the lede, but nowhere else. He raises money for charity, yes, but that's not philanthropy. Boscaswell  talk  20:47, 30 January 2018 (UTC)

Agreed. Shouldn't this be corrected? LedGrandaddy (talk) 08:37, 26 November 2019 (UTC)

 * I tend to agree. Keating has been active for charity, but he is not specifically known as a philanthropist.SeoR (talk) 11:30, 26 November 2019 (UTC)

As a wikipedia newbie what do we need to make this change? I think a section on charity fundraising is fine but mentioning philanthropy in the lede or the initial sentence describing Keating is not justified in my opinion.LedGrandaddy (talk) 10:08, 27 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ronan Keating


text:
Pool of Bethesda

The Pool of Bethesda is referred to in John's Gospel in the Christian New Testament, (John 5:2) in an account of Jesus healing a paralyzed man at a pool of water in Jerusalem, described as being near the Sheep Gate and surrounded by five covered colonnades or porticoes. It is also referred to as Bethzatha. It is now associated with the site of a pool in the current Muslim Quarter of the city, near the gate now called the Lions' Gate or St. Stephen's Gate and the Church of St. Anne, which was excavated in the late 19th century.

Name
The name of the pool is said to be derived from the Hebrew and/or Aramaic language. Beth hesda (בית חסד/חסדא), means either "house of mercy" or "house of grace". This meaning may have been thought appropriate, since the location was seen as a place of disgrace due to the presence of invalids, and as a place of grace due to the granting of healing.

Alternative renderings to the name Βηθεσδά (Bethesda), appearing in manuscripts of the Gospel of John, include Βηθζαθά (Beth-zatha = בית חדתא ), a derivative of Bezetha, and Bethsaida (not to be confused with Bethsaida, a town in Galilee), although the latter is considered to be a metathetical corruption by Biblical scholars.

Franz Delitzsch ("Talmudische Studien, X. Bethesda", Zeitschrift für die gesamte lutherische Theologie und Kirche, 1856) suggested that the name comes from a mishnaic Hebrew loanword from Greek, estiv/estava, that appropriately referred to stoa (στοά).

Identification of the biblical site
According to the Gospel of John, Bethesda was a bathing pool (, kolumbethra) with five porticoes (translated as porches by older English Bible translations).

Until the 19th century, there was no clear archaeological evidence for the existence of such a pool. The Pool of Bethesda was sometimes identified by commentators with the modern so-called Fountain of the Virgin, in the Kidron Valley, not far from the Pool of Siloam, or alternatively with the Birket Isrâ'il, a pool near the mouth of the valley, which runs into the Kidron south of St. Stephen's Gate. Others identified it with the twin pools then called the Souterrains (French for "subterranean"), under the Convent of the Sisters of Zion; subsequent archaeological investigation has identified these with the later Struthion Pool.

However, as early as the fifth century, there was a Byzantine church in what became the precincts of the Church of St. Anne, called the Church of the Probatike (the Church at the Probatic Pool, or the Pool of the Sheep) or the Church of the Lame Man. This site, as subsequently excavated by archaeologists, seems plausibly to fit the description in John's Gospel.

Archaeology

In archaeological digs conducted in the 19th century, Conrad Schick discovered a large tank situated about 100 ft north-west of St. Anne's Church, which he contended was the Pool of Bethesda. Further archaeological excavation in the area, in 1964, uncovered the remains of the Byzantine and Crusader churches, Hadrian's Temple of Asclepius and Serapis, the small healing pools of an Asclepeion, the second of the two large pools, and the dam between them. It was discovered that the Byzantine church had been built in the very heart of Hadrian's temple and contained the healing pools.

Gospel account

The Johannine text (chapter 5) describes the porticoes as being a place in which large numbers of infirm people were waiting, which could correspond with the site's possible use in the 1st century AD as an Asclepeion. The biblical narrative continues by describing a Shabbat visit to the site by Jesus, during which he heals a man who has been bedridden for 38 years and could not make his own way into the pool. The healing, and Jesus' instruction to the man to take up his mat, prompts a protest that the religious customs of the Sabbath have been broken.

First (northern) pool
The history of the pool began in the 8th century BC, when a dam was built across the short Beth Zeta Valley, turning it into a reservoir for rain water;  a sluice-gate in the dam allowed the height to be controlled, and a rock-cut channel brought a steady stream of water from the reservoir into the city. The reservoir became known as the Upper Pool (בריכה העליונה).

Second (southern) pool
Around 200 BC, during the period in which Simon II was the Jewish High Priest, the channel was enclosed, and a second pool was added on the south side of the dam.

Although popular legend argues that this pool was used for washing sheep, this is very unlikely due to the pool's use as a water supply, and its extreme depth (13m). There has been some scholarly debate about whether the pool may have been a mikveh (Jewish ritual bathing pool).

Hellenistic and Roman temples
According to Jerome Murphy-O'Connor in the 1st century BC natural caves to the east of the two pools were turned into small baths with a religious/medical function. The Mishnah implies that at least one of these new pools was sacred to Fortuna, the goddess of fortune, rather than Asclepius, the god of healing. Murphy-O'Connor thinks it likely that this development was founded by the Roman garrison of the nearby Antonia Fortress, who would also have been able to protect it from attack. Additionally, the location of the baths outside the then city walls would have made its presence tolerable to the Jews, who might otherwise have objected to a non-Jewish religious presence in their holy city.

In the mid 1st century AD, Herod Agrippa expanded the city walls, bringing the baths into the city. When Hadrian rebuilt Jerusalem as Aelia Capitolina, he placed a roadway along the dam, and expanded the site into a large temple to Asclepius and Serapis.

Byzantine church
By the fifth century, at least part of the asclepieion had been converted into, or replaced by, a Byzantine church, known as the Church of the Probatike (literally, the Church of the Sheep, the pool being called the Probatic or Sheep Pool) and initially dedicated to the Healing of the Paralytic, though from the sixth century associated with the Virgin Mary (the German pilgrim Theodosius wrote in De Situ Terrae Sanctae (c. 530) that "next to the Sheep-pool is the church of my Lady Mary"). This reflects a more general movement which appropriated the healing sites of pagan religion and rededicated them to the Virgin Mary. The theory that this church was built by the Empress Eudocia (present in Jerusalem in 438–439 and 443–460) is uncertain. It seems more likely to be associated with Juvenal, bishop of Jerusalem in the mid 5th century. This church was destroyed in 614 by the Persians.

Crusader churches
After the Crusader conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, a much smaller church was built among the Byzantine-period ruins on the stone dyke separating the two pools, known as the Church of the Paralytic or the Moustier ('the Monastery'). It was followed by a larger new church erected nearby. This larger church, completed in 1138, was built over the site of a grotto which had (from the fifth or sixth century onwards ) been traditionally believed to be the birthplace of Mary, mother of Jesus and was named for Mary's mother, Saint Anne. After the conquest of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187, it was transformed into a Shafi`i fiqh (Islamic law school). Gradually the buildings fell into ruin, becoming a midden (waste dump).

Modern times

In 1856, the area including the Church of St. Anne and the pool site was presented by the Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I to Napoleon III of France. The French renovated and rededicated the church (under the administration of the White Fathers), at the southeast corner of the pools, leaving the other ruins untouched. There is a tale that the site was originally offered to Queen Victoria as part of the negotiations which led ultimately to the Cyprus Convention of 1878.

title: Pool of Bethesda