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Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington

Johanna Mary Sheehy-Skeffington (née Sheehy; 24 May 1877 – 20 April 1946) was a suffragette and Irish nationalist. Along with her husband Francis Sheehy-Skeffington, Margaret Cousins and James Cousins, she founded the Irish Women's Franchise League in 1908 with the aim of obtaining women's voting rights. She was later a founding member of the Irish Women Workers' Union. Her son Owen Sheehy-Skeffington became a politician and Irish senator.

Early life
Hanna Sheehy was born in Kanturk, County Cork, Ireland, the daughter of Elizabeth "Bessie" McCoy and David Sheehy, an ex-Fenian and an MP for the Irish Parliamentary Party, representing South Galway. She spent her earliest years in a millhouse which her father also grew up in. When she was three years old the family relocated to Loughmore, Tipperary. She had six siblings, one of whom died at an unknown age; there is very little written about this child. Her siblings were Margaret, born 1875; Eugene, born 1882; Richard, born 1884; Mary Sheehy Kettle, born 1884; and Kathleen Cruise O'Brien, born 1886. One of her uncles, Father Eugene Sheehy, was known as the Land League Priest, and his activities landed him in prison. He was also one of Éamon de Valera's teachers in Limerick.

When her father became an MP in 1887, the family moved to Hollybank, Drumcondra, Dublin. The family lived next door to the Lord Mayor of Dublin and poet of "God Save Ireland", T.D. Sullivan.

Sheehy was sent to Germany for a short period when she was 18 years old to get treatment for tuberculosis.

After graduating from the Royal University of Ireland, she worked in Paris for a time as an au pair, returning to Ireland in 1902.

Her brother Richard was close friends with James Joyce. Joyce wrote about the Sheehys in his acclaimed novel Ulysses, depicting Bessie as a 'social climbing matriarch', a description to which she vehemently objected. When Sheehy was a teenager, her family held an open house on the second Sunday night of each month, at 2 Belvedere Place near Mountjoy Square in Dublin. They encouraged young people to visit them and their six children. James Joyce, who was a student at the nearby Belvedere College, and his younger brother Stanislaus, were regular visitors in 1896–1897. Joyce nursed a secret love for her sister Mary, the prettiest girl in the family (and later Mrs. Tom Kettle). The Sheehys were fond of singing and playing games and would ask their guests to sing.

Education
Sheehy was educated at the Dominican Convent on Eccles Street, where she was a prize-winning pupil. She then enrolled at St Mary's University College, a third-level college for women established by the Dominicans in 1893, to study modern languages (in her case, French and German). She sat for examinations at Royal University of Ireland and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1899, and a Master of Arts Degree with first-class honours in 1902. This led to a career as a teacher in Eccles Street and an examiner in the Intermediate Certificate examination.

Personal life

Sheehy was introduced to Francis Skeffington, from County Down, by mutual friend James Joyce, who went to university with Skeffington. The couple would meet regularly in Bewley's Cafe to discuss politics, the arts and religion.

Sheehy married Francis Skeffington on 3 June 1903 at University Chapel in St. Stephen's Green, Dublin. The couple wore their graduation gowns as a substitute for a traditional wedding gown and suit. Both husband and wife took the surname Sheehy-Skeffington as a symbol of their honour for one another. This gesture angered Dr. J.B., Francis's father, as it was seen as an act of betrayal to their family's name.

The couple moved to 36 Airfield Road, Rathgar, Dublin, shortly after the ceremony. This was an area considered Pro-British at the time.

Sheehy-Skeffington had one child, a son named Owen. (In 2014, Owen's daughter, Dr Micheline Sheehy-Skeffington, won a gender discrimination case against NUI Galway. )

Her sister Mary married the writer and politician Thomas Kettle. Another sister, Kathleen, married Frank Cruise O'Brien, and was the mother of Conor Cruise O'Brien. The fourth of the sisters, Margaret, married a solicitor, John Culhane, and later the poet Michael Casey. Their two brothers worked as lawyers.

Political life
Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington was born into a strongly republican family. She was influenced by James Connolly and during the 1913 lock-out worked with other suffragists in Liberty Hall, providing food for the families of the strikers.

Sheehy-Skeffington fought hard to get women the right to vote in Ireland, founding the IWFL in 1908 and also founding the publication "The Irish Citizen" with her husband. Her strong republican ties were also shown as she helped in the 1916 rising by delivering messages and food to the GPO.

She strongly opposed participation in the First World War which broke out in August 1914, and was prevented by the British government from attending the International Congress of Women held in The Hague in April 1915. The following June her husband was imprisoned for anti-recruiting activities. He was later shot dead during the 1916 Easter Rising, after having been arrested by British soldiers. She did not find out about his death until two days had passed. Sheehy-Skeffington refused compensation for her husband's death. Lillian Metge, a regular Citizen reporter and suffragette friend (who bought Sheehy-Skeffington suitably coloured shoes at one time) wrote in sympathy and sharing her grief. She aligned herself with Sinn Féin, giving them her support. In December 1916 she went to the US to talk about the fight for Irish independence and to raise awareness on behalf of Sinn Féin, attending 250 meetings. On her return, in 1917, she became an executive of Sinn Féin. In October 1917 she was the sole Irish representative to League of Small and Subject Nationalities where, along with several other contributors, she was accused of pro-German sympathies. She published British Militarism as I Have Known It, which was banned in the United Kingdom until after the First World War. Upon her return to Britain she was once again imprisoned, this time in Holloway prison. After her release, Sheehy-Skeffington attended the 1918 Irish Race Convention in New York City and later supported the anti-Treaty IRA during the Irish Civil War.

In 1920 she joined Dublin Corporation as a councillor and in 1926 she joined Fianna Fáil as an executive; however, she only kept this position for one year. During the 1930s she was assistant editor of An Phoblacht a journal of the Irish Republican Army. In January 1933 she was arrested in Newry for breaching an exclusion order banning her from Northern Ireland. At her trial she said: "I recognise no partition. I recognise it as no crime to be in my own country. I would be ashamed of my own name and my murdered husband's name if I did… Long live the Republic!" and was sentenced to a month's imprisonment.

At the 1943 general election, at the age of 66, Sheehy-Skeffington stood for the Dáil as an Independent candidate in the Dublin South constituency. She received 917 votes (1.7%) and was not elected.

Involvement in feminism
Sheehy-Skeffington was a founding member of the Irish Women Workers' Union and an author whose works deeply opposed British imperialism in Ireland. Sheehy-Skeffington was a close friend of trade unionist and fellow suffragette Cissie Cahalan. The Irish Women's Franchise League was formed in November 1908, with Sheehy-Skeffington among its founding members, along with her husband, Margaret Cousins, and James Cousins. Although it began with only twelve founding members, the I.W.F.L grew to become one of the largest suffrage groups that existed in the early twentieth century. The I.W.F.L. was a militant organisation that focused on trying to fight issues like the lack of Irish independence and the exclusion of women from the voting process in accordance with the Home Rule Bill and the absence of women's rights in general.

The IWFL's main goal was to ensure that votes for women were included in the proposed Home Rule Bill. Meetings on a weekly basis were held in Dublin's Phoenix Park, alongside organised rallies throughout the country. According to Margaret Cousins, their work was met with much hostility, yet by 1912 it was estimated they had approximately 1000 members, making it Ireland's largest suffrage society.

On 13 June 1912, she, along with seven other women, was arrested for smashing the glass windows of Dublin Castle. On 20 June she was convicted, along with fellow suffragettes Margaret Palmer and Jane and Margaret Murphy. They served a month-long sentence in Mountjoy prison, alongside another month after they refused to pay a fine. They were granted the privileges of political prisoners.

In November 1913 Sheehy-Skeffington attempted to present leaflets to the Conservative Party leader, Bonar Law, and the Ulster Unionist leader, Sir Edward Carson. She was arrested after assaulting a police officer and was sent to Mountjoy Prison again. She went on a hunger strike for five days until her release.

Sheehy-Skeffington was dismissed in 1913 from her job as a teacher at Rathmines School of Commerce for her continued involvement in feminist militancy.

In August 1918 she was arrested on Westmoreland Street. She was taken to Bridewell Jail and then Holloway Jail where she went on hunger strike.

Alongside Maud Gonne and Charlotte Despard, Sheehy-Skeffington helped establish the Women's Prisoners' Defence League, to campaign and fundraise for over 7000 republicans who were imprisoned as a consequence of the Irish Civil War.

The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom held its annual conference in Dublin in July 1926. Sheehy-Skeffington attended, along with twenty-one other Irish delegates. The president of the W.I.L.F.P.F, Jane Addams praised the bravery of Francis Sheehy-Skeffington, for which Sheehy-Skeffington was grateful. Sheehy-Skeffington also attended the conference in 1929 in Prague.

In January 1933, she entered Northern Ireland to speak on behalf of the female republican prisoners being held in Armagh jail. She had been barred from entering Northern Ireland because of her political record and was subsequently arrested and held for fifteen days.

In 1935 she spoke out on behalf of the Women Graduates' Association against the Conditions of Employment Bill, which was set to restrict the opportunities of employment for women. She met and was photographed with the Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose when he visited Ireland in 1936.

In 1937 she became a founding member of the Women's Social and Progressive League, because of her dissatisfaction with parts of the new Irish Constitution relating to women.

The Irish Citizen 1912–1920
The Irish Citizen was a feminist newspaper launched by Sheehy-Skeffington and Margaret Cousins. It was first published on 25 May 1912 as an eight-page weekly newspaper. By June 1912 it was selling 3,000 copies and reaching up to 10,000 readers. The motto of the newspaper was, ‘For Men and Women Equally The Rights of Citizenship; For Men and Women Equally The Duties of Citizenship’.

Francis Sheehy-Skeffington and James Cousins, the husbands of the founders, were the first editors of the publication.

Sheehy-Skeffington, in October 1919 said that the newspaper was founded "to further the cause of Woman Suffrage and Feminism in Ireland... In addition, it had stood for the rights of Labour, especially for the rights of women workers... we stood for the self-determination of Ireland." The newspaper covered topics such as Home Rule, Nationalism, and Feminism. It gave women and the suffragette movement their own voice to express their views. Lillian Metge, from Lisburn, wrote articles for the newspaper throughout the suffrage campaign and during World War One.

Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington took over the position of editor when her husband was shot in 1916 and remained in this role, on and off, until 1920 when the publication ceased.

Lecture tours in America 1917–1923
After the verdict in the court-martial of Bowen-Colthurst referring to her husband's death, Sheehy-Skeffington was not satisfied with the outcome and decided to bring her story to America. She spoke at over 250 meetings for nineteen months across the United States expressing 'British Militarism'.

Sheehy-Skeffington first appeared on 6 January 1917 at Carnegie Hall, New York City. From then onwards, she toured the New England States and the East: Boston, where The Boston Globe describe her as "a wonderful woman. Her self-restraint and self-control were remarkable". Pittsfield, Massachusetts where The Pittsfield Daily News reported that: "Those present were simply amazed at the wonderful poise and self-control of the speaker as she told stories perpetrated by the military authorities in Dublin that made the audience gasp with horror".

She also addressed huge crowds in New Haven, Springfield, Westfield, Hartford, Bridgeport, Lawrence, Meriden, Torrington, Fitchburg, New Bedford, Salem, Lowell, Worcester, Malden, Holyoke and Waterbury. She also had talks at Columbia and Harvard Universities.

From the 25th of February, Sheehy-Skeffington travelled to the Midwest. She had the most successful meetings at the Orchestra Hall, Chicago with over 3,000 people which included prominent figures of Chicago. Journalists, Supreme Court Justices, clergy, labour leaders, pacifists, suffragists, newspapermen and socialists also attended her lecture tours.

Sheehy-Skeffington returned to the East on March 4 and to the Midwest on April 11. Her tours start to move westward in the spring of 1917. She travelled to California, Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland, Montana, Butte, Pasadena and San Francisco.

Sheehy-Skeffington wanted to tour New Mexico, Nebraska, Missouri and Alaska using her contacts as she wanted to extend her tours to various cities but it came to no avail.

In January 1918, Sheehy-Skeffington received a petition from the women of Cumann na mBan. The petition "put forth the claim of Ireland for self-determination and appealed to President Wilson to include Ireland among the small nations for whose freedom America was fighting".

For the rest of the upcoming months until June, Sheehy-Skeffington returned to the Midwest and San Francisco. She also spoke in Madison Square Garden in May before leaving New York City with her son, Owen Sheehy-Skeffington on 27 June 1918, ending the first round of her lecture tours.

For the second round of her lectures, she replaced Muriel MacSwiney who was called back to Ireland by Eamon de Valera. She continued the Western section of the United States along with Kathleen Boland and Linda Kearns in 1922.

They travelled to the East and the Midwest because they wanted to raise funds for the relief of Irish prisoners and their families. In their speeches, they focused on the conditions in Ireland at the time of the War of Independence. During their tour which ended in May 1923, the delegation raised $123,000.

Later life and death
She died, aged 69, in Dublin, and is buried with her husband in Glasnevin Cemetery.

Legacy
There is a bronze statue of her in Kanturk, County Cork, Ireland.

In the 1990s, some of the students of Women's Studies in University College Dublin petitioned to rename their Gender Studies building after Sheehy-Skeffington in order to honour her contribution to women's rights and equal access to third-level education. Her husband Francis Sheehy-Skeffington was himself an alumnus of the university and Sheehy-Skeffington of the Royal University, a sister university of UCD. Their campaign was successful and the building was renamed the Hanna Sheehy Skeffington Building.

Her name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the plinth of the statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square, London, unveiled in 2018. A blue plaque commemorating Sheehy-Skeffington's breaking of windows at Dublin Castle during a protest for women's right to vote can be found on the Ship Street side of Dublin Castle. and her papers are held in the National Library of Ireland as part of the "Sheehy Skeffington Papers" collection.

title: Hanna Sheehy-Skeffington


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Student Assembly Against Racism

Student Assembly Against Racism is the student wing of the United Kingdom National Assembly Against Racism.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Student Assembly Against Racism


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Talk:Shape-memory alloy

Untitled
The data in this page has been transferred from the Memory metal article (apologies if this was the wrong way to move them). The original author info is still stored under the memory metal history. Average Earthman 11:05, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Plot...
I believe the plot of the martensite/austenite ratio dependence on temperature is wrong. I agree that a similar plot can be obtained by plotting deformation versus temperature, when an SMA actuator work against eg. a constant load. In that case the backslash can easily be explained by the deformation treshold. I make this claim, because I made several measurement of resitance and radiation heat, and data suggust that the relation is semidefinit.

2009-07-30, zyrill: The plot is, as far as I can tell, correct. This is exactly the same plot that I have been taught in advanced materials lectures in Darmstadt Technical University, Germany...

The crystal structure formed depends on the temperature and the stress state placed on the metal. The plot shows that cooling shape memory alloy will cause martensite to form and heating causes austenite to form, which is correct.Routy (talk) 21:25, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Manufacture and Uses
Where have the sections gone, there appear just to be 3 titles but with nothign underneath them. has the page been vanadalized or something similar?

Are Raychem the pioneers in this field
In an interview with Paul Cook (Harvard business review March-April 1990) Paul Cook of Raychem claimed that the Naval Ordinance Lab had begun the research and that Raychem developed the heat shrinkable plastics. Back in 1970. Page 105 HBR March - April 1990.

PS. Raychem was acquired by Tyco

Kendirangu 08:44, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Can somebody fix the first line of this article please, I can't seem to do it, but you know what I'm talking about.

I think this page needs to be cleaned up a bit in terms of understandable language. Its first paragraph is confusing in its language. 66.16.162.134 14:48, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Manufacture section?
Doesn't make sense, particularly the part about 500 degrees for more than 5 minutes, which seems to contradict the previous line. Very bare paragraph that doesnt seem necessary. Also I think the medical applications could be talked up a bit more seeing as thats where most of the revenue will come from. Clot filters, stents, guidewires, and why they are suited to these applications. I would do it, but I just don't have the time, and when I do, I won't have the internet :( Howboutpete 02:18, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Shape memory coupling
Could someone have a glance at Articles for deletion/Shape memory coupling? New article: disussion ongoing on what to do with it. Gordonofcartoon 00:15, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Revolutionised fiber optic development?
I'm wondering whether there is any reference for this claim and, if there is, whether it would be better to have a more complete discussion of the fiber optic applications in a separate paragraph rather than having it in the middle of a paragraph discussing medical applications. Moriquendi-101 21:22, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

SMAs without undergoing a martensite transformation
The articles should be updated to include shape memory alloys of FeGa and FeAl. Both materials show a pseudoelastic properties, while both do not undergo a martensitic transformation. In this case the pseudoelastic property is due to "                                                                                Superpartial dislocations with Burgers vector of 1/4[1 1 1] were pulled back by nearest-neighbour and next-nearest-neighbour antiphase bound- aries during unloading," according Yasuda et al. As a result this conflicts with the general statement in the article, "These extraordinary properties are due to a temperature-dependent martensitic phase transformation from a low-symmetry to a highly symmetric crystallographic structure. Those crystal structures are known as martensite (at lower temperatures) and austenite (at higher temperatures)." The addition of the word generally to the statment will improve the articles accuracy. An additional paragraph in the body of the article will be helpful as well. A good reference for these changes could be based on the published article, H.Y. Yasuda, M. Aoki, A. Takaoka, Y. Umakoshi. Pseudoelasticity in Fe3Ga single crystals. Scripta Materialia 53 (2005) 253–257 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.22.154.228 (talk) 00:34, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

1-way vs. 2-way Schematic
The One-way vs. two-way Shape Memory Schematic is not very clear. I stared at it for a minute without really understanding it. 71.231.179.83 (talk) 06:20, 3 March 2008 (UTC) I went to this page in the hope of understanding how shape memory alloys work but ended up none the wiser🙁. The video was really not very helpful, but perhaps at quarter speed it might be. Then I found an excellent explanation at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wI-qAxKJoSU. A prominent link should be included in the article I suggest, and also a more detailed explanation of twinning. The video differs from the picture shown here in that lines are used to make the shapes and their changes more apparent. Can someone add it to the list of references?

Someone gave me one of these nitinol springs at a conference and it is interesting that just breathing hot air over the spring is enough to make it resume its original size — no special equipment needed at all! This can't be mentioned in the article of course as there is no published reference. --Brian Josephson (talk) 08:16, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

Section on Martensite
I think the section on Martensite could be ommitted from this article, seeing as there is a direct copy of the information contained in a link available from this very article.Routy (talk) 13:51, 4 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree. Go ahead and do it. Tanthalas39 (talk) 23:24, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Section removed. Could do with further tidying —Preceding unsigned comment added by Routy (talk • contribs) 12:06, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Trademarks
Judging from the typography on the Jameco website, "Muscle Wire" and "Flexinol" are trademarks. Unfree (talk) 13:06, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

Overview
The first paragraph is difficult to understand sbandrews (t) 13:56, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

I agree. It doesn't actually say anything... How about this:

A shape memory alloy (SMA, also known as a smart alloy, memory metal, or muscle wire) is an alloy that "remembers" its shape. A shape memory alloy can be deformed and then when heated to a specific temperature returns to its original shape.

I know its not much of a change but it at least it qualifies '"remembers" its shape' in a more useful way. --**CatoftheNight** (talk) 11:19, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Overview Section: One of the bloodiest country??
One of the bloodiest country is America. Because it steals talent n technology from other country and put them in its name. I'm not sure what this means, how it relates to the article, nor why it is in the "Overview" section. 69.9.146.66 (talk) 14:05, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

History
William Buehler objects to the discovery being referred to as an accident - see his oral history on the discovery at http://www.wolaa.org/files/Nitinol_Oral_History.pdf Pinhead69 (talk) 11:54, 2 December 2008 (UTC)

Work
As it is used for robotic actuators, what about the amount of work that the material can do? I have a sample of the material and it seems a rather weak force. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.150.220.83 (talk) 11:32, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Austenite
I can understand martensitic transformation happening, but isn't austenite purely a phase of iron-carbon? --Lead holder (talk) 12:29, 16 April 2014 (UTC)

Conflict-of-interest reference removal
Hi, in this edit I have just removed a reference added by a user with a conflict of interest. I do not judge of the quality of the reference. If it is a valuable addition to the article, then a more experienced user can perhaps add it back. Thanks, Ariadacapo (talk) 10:10, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

OGG file no play
Does not play on my Moto G22 (about 2 years old) Bards (talk) 22:15, 24 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Shape-memory alloy


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Category:Medicine stubs

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Hasna Benhassi

Hasna Benhassi (حسنة بنحسي; born 1 June 1978) is a retired Moroccan middle-distance runner. She competed at the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympics and won two medals in the 800 m event, in 2004 and 2008. At the world championships she won a gold medal over 1500 m indoors in 2001 and silver medals over 800 m outdoors in 2005 and 2007. In 2004, she was named Sportsperson of the Year in Morocco after a survey conducted by the Moroccan Radio among 43 press institutions.

Benhassi is married to the fellow Olympic middle-distance runner Mouhssin Chehibi; they have a daughter named Farah.

title: Hasna Benhassi


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User:Ghirlandajo

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 * World Heritage Sites: Uvs Nuur | Old Urgench | Itchan Kala | Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi | Soltaniyeh | Shemakha | Bahla Fort | Rohtas Fort | Thatta | Orkhon Valley | Nesvizh Castle | Dečani

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

 * Biographies: Max Vasmer | Vasily Dokuchaev | Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve | Aleksandr Oparin | Nikolai Fyodorov | Boris Kurakin | Michael VIII | Batu Khan | Yury Dolgoruky | Dmitry Konstantinovich | Dmitri Donskoi | Ivan the Terrible | Simeon Bekbulatovich | Demidov

 * Geography: Curonian Spit | Shahrisabz | Nakhichevan City |  Torzhok | Kashin | Yuriev-Polsky | Balakhna | Tula | Kirov | Arkhangelsk | Novorossiysk | Tobolsk | Sukhum | Sudak | Narikala

 * History and arts: Knyaz | Okolnichy | Slavery in medieval Europe | Mat (language) | Mongol invasion of Russia | Donskoy Monastery | Great Northern War

AUGUST 2005

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Nikolai Rezanov | Mathilde Kschessinska | Galina Ulanova | Maya Plisetskaya | Paul Gerdt | Olga Preobrajenska | Elizaveta Gerdt | Yekaterina Geltzer | Agrippina Vaganova | Yury Grigorovich | Konstantin Somov | Ivan Bilibin | Mariinsky Theatre | Fyodor Volkov | Ivan Dmitrievsky | Avdotia Istomina | Vasily Karatygin | Pavel Mochalov | Mikhail Shchepkin | Prov Sadovsky | Maria Yermolova | Alexander Yuzhin | Vera Komissarzhevskaya | Olga Knipper | Alla Tarasova | Olga Chekhova | Yakov Protazanov | Nikolay Okhlopkov | Igor Ilyinsky | Faina Ranevskaya | Igor Moiseyev | Georgiy Zhzhonov | Oleg Yankovsky | Mikhail Ulyanov | Aleksey Batalov | Alice Friendlich | Oleg Tabakov | Alla Demidova | Innokenty Smoktunovsky | Yuri Solomin | Mikhail Zharov | Alexander Sokurov | The Mirror (film) | Vasily Vereshchagin | Korney Chukovsky | Dmitry Ivanovsky | Fyodor Shcherbatskoy | Yamburg | Olonets | Borovsk | Volokolamsk | Korochun | Kostroma (folklore) | Ukrainization | Vladimir the Bold | Edigu | Dmitry Shemyaka | Aloisio the New | Severia | Andrey Kurbsky | Yury Krizhanich | Epifany Slavinetsky | Dimitry of Rostov | Paisius Velichkovsky | Mikhail Kheraskov | Mikhail Shcherbatov | Nikolay Novikov | Aleksey Khomyakov | Alexander Vostokov | Timofey Granovsky | Sergey Solovyov | Nikolay Danilevsky | Konstantin Leontiev | Macarius Bulgakov | Vasily Klyuchevsky | Dmitry Ilovaisky | Dmitry Merezhkovsky | Sergey Platonov | Boris Turayev | Vasily Radlov | Vasily Bartold | Mikhail Artamonov | Boris Rybakov | Igor Diakonov | Mikhail Chernyayev | Boris Chicherin | Konstantin Kavelin | Paul Miliukov | Nikolay Chkheidze | Alexander Garden | Antoniev Siysky Monastery | Khutyn Monastery | Optina Monastery | Poklonnaya Hill | Russian National Library | Konstantin Batyushkov | Boris Pasternak | Anna Akhmatova

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2005

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

 * History: Anna Mons | Willem Mons | Lopukhina Conspiracy | Massacre of Khotin | Moscow International Film Festival | Trebizond Gospel | Kiev Psalter of 1397

 * Biographies: Vyacheslav Ivanov | Vladislav Khodasevich | D.S. Mirsky | Faddei Bulgarin | Osip Senkovsky | Afanasy Shchapov | Sergey Aksakov | Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin | Ivan Samoylovych | Feodosiya Morozova | Fyodor Rtishchev | Eudoxia Lopukhina | Anton de Vieira | Sulamith Messerer | Viktor Kulikov | Ekaterina Furtseva | Dmitry Likhachev | Lev Gumilev

 * Localities and monuments: Halych | Kirzhach | Vyazniki | Starodub-on-the-Klyazma | Zalesye | Golden Gate (Vladimir) | Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir | Saint Petersburg Mosque | Rossikon | Alexander-Svirsky Monastery | Palace Square | Arbat Street | Russian architecture

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Arkaim | Svitrigaila | Sophia Alekseyevna | Stepan Krasheninnikov | Nikolay Gnedich | Anton Delwig | Pyotr Pletnyov | Vladimir Odoevsky | Holy Fire | Faberge egg | Kremlin Armoury | Pervyi Kanal | Alexander Bogdanov | Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko | Veniamin Kaverin | Sergei Apollinarievich Gerasimov | Vasily Lanovoy | Obshchina | Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery | Cathedral of the Assumption, Smolensk | Gertrude Psalter

NOVEMBER 2005

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

 * History and geography: Battle of Avarayr | Battle of the Caucasus | Kiev Expedition (1018) | Upper Oka Principalities | Daugavgriva | Dorogobuzh | Vorotynsk | Tsaryovo-Zaimishche | Klushino | Belyi | Kholm | Rybinsk | Volga-Baltic Waterway | Taganka Theatre | Taganka Square | Hussar Ballad | Tsarevich

 * Noble families: Descent from antiquity | Family life and children of Vladimir I | Dondukov | Sibirsky | Shuisky | Belsky | Prozorovsky | Romodanovsky | Grigory Romodanovsky | Fyodor Romodanovsky | Vorotynsky | Bobrinsky | Zubov | Platon Zubov | Valerian Zubov | Olga Zherebtsova

 * Biographies: Mstislav of Chernigov | Saint Narses | Mikhail Pogodin | Georgy Ivanov | Mikhail Zemtsov | Andrey Kvasov | Ivan Fyodorovich Michurin | Dmitry Ukhtomsky | Charles Cameron | Ivan Starov | Filipp Golikov | Ivan Tyulenev | Yury Yakovlev | Tatyana Lioznova | Andrey Zaliznyak | Dmitry Shuisky | Mikhail Shein

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky | Ivan Susanin | Leonid Gaidai | Anatoly Efros | Francois Mansart | Zaum | Soligalich | Battle of the Sit River | Ochakov | Chernigov | Tsarskoe Selo | Golden Age of Russian Poetry | Silver Age of Russian Poetry | Bagrationi | History of Belarus

DECEMBER 2005

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Pochayiv Lavra | Fyodor Tyutchev | Sergey Obraztsov | Klavdiya Shulzhenko | Lidiya Ruslanova | Lyudmila Zykina | Valentin Trifonov | Yury Trifonov | Alexander Vasiliev | Alexander Kazhdan | Lavr Proskuryakov | Victory over the Sun | Day Watch | Pyotr Kotlyarevsky | Petrine Baroque | Moika River | Saratov Bridge | Surgut Bridge | Khabarovsk Bridge | Palace Bridge | Tripartite Bridge | Bolshoi Kamennyi Bridge | Bogdan Khmelnitsky Bridge | Andreyevsky Bridge | Lobnoye Mesto | Nativity Church at Putinki | Veduta | Andrei Kobyla | Fyodor Koshka | Alexander Brullov | Nicholas Benois | Leon Benois | White Horde | Uzbeg Khan | Giray dynasty | Duchy of Bouillon | La Tour d'Auvergne

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Golden Horde | List of Khans of the Golden Horde | Nicolae Milescu | Tvrdoš | Zbarazh | Battle of Akhalzic | Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov-Vilensky | Wilhelm Küchelbecher | Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum | Fontanka River | Carlo Fontana | Canaletto | Évreux | Vauban

JANUARY 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Marble Palace | Gostiny Dvor | Petrovsky Passage | Egyptian Bridge | Bridge of Four Lions | Bank Bridge | Grand Hotel Europe | Vera Kholodnaya | Theodore Komisarjevsky | Aleksandra Yablochkina | Nikolay Annenkov | Rina Zelyonaya | Alla Bayanova | Shanson | Battle of Molodi | Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 | Shuvalov | Alexander Shuvalov | Alexander Buturlin | Ivan Tchernyshov | Ivan Gudovich | Aleksey Shakhmatov | Mikhail Gerasimov | Alexander Kokorinov | Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Yaroslav Osmomysl | Chuvash dragon | Khodynka | Paveletsky Station | Vladimir Shukhov | Elina Bystritskaya | Nikolai Raevsky | Anna Ivanovna | Aleksey Kuropatkin | Andrey Matveyev | Zakhar Tchernyshov | Almanach of Gotha | Giacomo Quarenghi

FEBRUARY 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

The Passage | Summer Garden | Lomonosov Bridge | Peredelkino | Stanislav Govorukhin | Vasily Livanov | Golden Eagle Award | Nika Award | Vladimir Gardin | Louis Henri Boussenard | Library of Adventures | Wings (Kuzmin novel) | Vladimir Golenishchev | Aleksey Khludov | Chludov Psalter | Paris Psalter | Ardaric | Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov | Boris Uspensky | Vladimir Toporov | Nikolay Mordvinov | Georg von Cancrin | Pavel Kiselyov | Nikolay Milyutin | Dmitry Milyutin | Valery Zorkin | Viktor Gerashchenko | Marian Peretiatkovich | Kazan Cathedral, Moscow | Iberian Gate and Chapel | Archiepiscopal Chapel | Our Lady of Kazan | Pala d'Oro | Aghios Demetrios | Echmiadzin | Cappella Palatina | Studion

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Monreale | Daphni | Cefalù | Byzantine architecture | Rabula Gospels | Huns | Arts of the ancient world | Rundale Palace | Ivan Khovansky | Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly | Mosfilm | Vysokopetrovsky Monastery | Preobrazhenskoe Cemetery | Voskresenie | Itigelov | Gustave Aimard | Jean de La Fontaine

MARCH 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Dmitry Pozharsky | Peter Lacy | Samuel Greig | Alexey Greig | Anna Lopukhina | Marquis de La Chetardie | Jean Armand de Lestocq | Lieven | Nicholas Repnin | Anikita Repnin | Athanasius the Athonite | Michael Maleinos | Alexander Afanasyev | Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky | Pompeo Batoni | Fedot Shubin | Mikhail Kozlovsky | Vasily Demut-Malinovsky | Eugene Lanceray | Mstislav Dobuzhinsky | Ivan Martos | Krasnoyarsk Bridge | Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard | Church of the Twelve Apostles | Arsenal (Kremlin) | Cathedral Square in Moscow | Terem Palace | Gothic Chapel (Peterhof) | Chinese Village (Tsarskoe Selo) | Marble Bridge | Creaking Pagoda | Dutch Admiralty | Kagul Obelisk | Chesme Column | Battle of Kagul | Battle of Larga | Balchug | Three Station Square | Mariinsky Palace | Hermitage Theatre

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Antonio Canova | Catherine Palace | Mariinsky Theatre | Finland Train Station | Leningradsky Rail Terminal | Nevyansk | Venosa | Livny | Yelets | Siege of Kars | Hunnic language | Natalia Pushkina | Dorothea Lieven | Alexander von Benckendorff | Konstantin von Benckendorff | House of Courtenay

APRIL 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

House of Croÿ | Ivan Shuvalov | Ippolit Bogdanovich | Millennium of Russia | Mikhail Mikeshin | Moscow City Hall | Stieglitz Museum of Applied Arts | Vladimir Palace | Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace | Vyachko | Ivan Pnin | Anna Petrovna Kern | Yuly Shokalsky | Pyotr Semenov-Tyan-Shansky | Russian Geographical Society | Siege of Petropavlovsk | Persian Expedition of 1796 | Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828 | Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812 | Swedish-Novgorodian Wars | Russo-Swedish War, 1496-1499 | Russo-Swedish War, 1554-1557 | Russo-Swedish War, 1590-1595 | Russo-Swedish War, 1656-1658 | Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf | Battle of Zorndorf | Battle of the Dardanelles (1807) | Battle of Athos | Dmitry Senyavin | Nikolay Kamensky | Pyotr Bestuzhev | Mikhail Bestuzhev | Supreme Privy Council | Kuranty | Moskovskie Vedomosti | Peterburgskie Vedomosti | Nakaz

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Catherine II of Russia | Paul I of Russia | Ivan V of Russia | Baltic Fleet | Baltic Railway Station | Mongol invasion of Central Asia | Ingrian War | Diplomatic Revolution | Treaties of Tilsit | Treaty of Adrianople | Vasily Narezhny | Franz Roubaud | Lev Berg | Tarki | De la Gardie Campaign

MAY 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Santa María de Guadalupe | Manege Square | Free Economic Society | Yakov Kulnev | Russo-Swedish War, 1741-1743 | Andrey Bolotov | Semyon Desnitsky | Andrei Stackenschneider | Ippolit Monighetti | Ivan Ropet | Holy Trinity Cathedral, Chicago | Ropsha | Sophia Cathedral | St. Andrew's Cathedral, St. Petersburg | St. Petersburg Bourse | Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk | Kroměříž Castle | Valtice | Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm | Benedictine Convent of Saint John | White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal | La Lonja de la Seda | Palladian Villas | Residences of the Royal House of Savoy | Moorish Revival | Koreiz | Massandra | Livadia Palace | Apraksin Dvor | Velizh | Ushkuiniki | Zhuravli | Den Pobedy | Natalia Dudinskaya | Nikolay Tsiskaridze | Bluma Zeigarnik | Russian Futurism I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Finnish War | Adolf Frederick of Sweden | Treaty of Åbo | Palace Quay | Uprising Square | Tverskaya Street | Ávila | Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon | Lednice | Wies | Maulbronn Abbey | Park von Muskau | High Renaissance | Giovanni Bellini | Giorgione | Titian | Aleksandr Rodzyanko | Farewell of Slavianka | Moscow Nights | Marina Semenova | Anastasia Volochkova | Abramtsevo Colony | Acmeist poetry | Igor Severyanin | Alexander Vertinsky

JUNE-JULY 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

 * Architecture: French Baroque | English Baroque | Dutch Baroque | Spanish Baroque | Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg | Ernst Neizvestny | Hospicio Cabañas | Vladimirskaya Church | Anichkov Palace | Tauride Palace | Pella Palace | Nicholas Palace | Suvorov Museum | Moscow Rail Terminal | Vitebsk Rail Terminal

 * History and biography: Coat of arms of Moscow | Novgorod First Chronicle | Gostomysl | Vadim the Bold | Sveneld | Dobrynya | Konstantin Dobrynich | Vyshata | Putyata | Ivan Neplyuyev | Ivan Kozlov | Vasily Kapnist | Denis Davydov | Aleksey Remizov | Ivan Betskoy

 * Geography: Sarir | Avarian Khanate | Petrozavodsk | Kola (town) | Turukhansk | Mosalsk | Kadnikov | Lake Sterzh | Kivach | Aapravasi Ghat

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Russia | History of Russia | Russian Navy | Moscow-Saint Petersburg Railway | Caucasian Avars | Dagestan | Temryuk | Kargopol | Pronsk | Ivan Kupala Day | Early Middle Ages | Oleg of Novgorod | Nikolay Bunge | Anichkov Bridge | Fontanka | Saint Petersburg City Duma | Churrigueresque | Maria Pavlovna of Russia | Alexander Sumarokov | Denis Fonvizin | Yakov Knyazhnin | Woe from Wit | Pyotr Vyazemsky | Evgeny Baratynsky | Baroque architecture

AUGUST 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Kamenny Monastery | Kiy Island | Pechenga Monastery | Yelizarov Monastery | Krypetsky Monastery | Lake Kubenskoye | Sterzh Cross | Krasny Kholm | Tiversk | Czartorysk | Boris stones | Anna of Smolensk | Yury of Smolensk | Tverdislav | Marfa Boretskaya | New Holland Island | Uzkoye | Zymne Monastery I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Kursk | Rylsk | Bryansk | Putyvl | Hlukhiv | Nizhyn | Izyum | Vyshhorod | Ovruch | Navahradak | Vitebsk | Hrodna | Zaslavl | St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery | Stauropegic | Lobnya | Shenkursk | Porkhov | Severodvinsk | Yasnaya Polyana | Leo Tolstoy | Tsar

SEPTEMBER 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Russo-Kazan Wars | Russo-Polish War (1654-1667) | Charax | Vladislav Ozerov | Pavel Katenin | Ivan Kireevsky | Mikhail Lozinsky | Yakov Polonsky | Vsevolod Garshin | Gaito Gazdanov | Dmitry Venevitinov | Alexander Pomerantsev | Catherinehof | Armorial Gate | Svensky Monastery | Konevsky Monastery | Onion dome | Theotokos of St. Theodore | Russian Enlightenment I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Moscow Kremlin | Victory title | Maria Fyodorovna | The Double | Vasily Pushkin | Pushkin (town) | Hosios Loukas | Descent from Genghis Khan

OCTOBER 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Agatha, wife of Edward the Exile | Rus'-Byzantine War (860) | Siege of Kiev (968) | Kalokyros | Battle of Arcadiopolis | Skilurus | Palacus | Rostislav of Tmutarakan | David of Hrodna | Khortytsia | Vasily Vasilievsky | Fyodor Uspensky | Valentin Yanin | Alexander Nazarenko | Yakov Bulgakov | Adam Ożarowski | Nikolai Erdman | Nikolai Gogol I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Alfred North Whitehead | Antoine Watteau | Opening of the Fifth Seal | Raffelstetten Customs Regulations | The Inspector General | Sviatoslav I of Kiev | Daumantas of Pskov | Saint Isaac's Square | Vyborg Library | Scythians | Mithridates the Great | Diophantus (general) | Prinias | Pontic Olbia | Rusalka | Semik | Berezan Island | Siege of Dorostolon | Christianization of Kievan Rus'

NOVEMBER 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Ateas | Nymphaion | Myrmekion | Tyritake | Kimmerikon | Kepoi | Pereshchepina Treasure | Rus'-Byzantine War (907) | Rus'-Byzantine War (941) | Rus'-Byzantine War (1024) | Rus'-Byzantine War (1043) | Rus'-Byzantine Treaty (907) | Rus'-Byzantine Treaty (911) | Rus'-Byzantine Treaty (945) | Kaup | Gnezdovo | Sarskoe Gorodishche | Timerevo | Alaborg | Lyubsha | Black Grave | Boyan | Yuri of Zvenigorod | Dmitry Samokvasov | Aleksey Uvarov | Pyotr Melissino | Alexander Dmitriev-Mamonov | Nikolai Nikolev | Vyacheslav Klykov | Yevgeny Samoylov | Tatiana Samoilova | Château de Talcy | Château du Raincy | Medusa (Leonardo) | Palace of Poitiers

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Château de Valençay | Poitiers | Loire Valley | Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois | Saviour Church in Berestovo | Primorsk | Dankov | Zadonsk | Lebedyan | Trubchevsk | Xenia Shestova | Russo-Lithuanian Wars | Battle of Rakovor | Portage | Bjarmaland | Bavarian Geographer | Truso | Grobin | Phanagoria

DECEMBER 2006

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Christianization of the Rus' Khaganate | Paphlagonian expedition of the Rus | Bravlin | Novye Duboviki | Kamyana Mohyla | Mednoye | Mikhail Tikhomirov | Boris Grekov | Joseph Orbeli | Irina Antonova | Mikhail Piotrovsky | Aleksey Suvorin | Imperial School of Jurisprudence | Valley of Geysers | Suyab | Third Perso-Turkic War

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Rus' Khaganate | Volkhov River | Hogland | Solovetsky Islands | Trojan language | Arimaspi | Kul-Oba | Trypillia | Cucuteni culture | Tashtyk culture | Mummy | Monomotapa | Sofala | Christianization of Lithuania | Holocaust trials in Soviet Estonia | Muhajirism | Dzyatlava | La Danse | Vera Gedroitz | George Vernadsky | Sergey Oldenburg | Göktürks | Ashina | Ötüken | Buri-sad | Issyk | Shaybanids | East Slavs | Tsardom of Russia | Grand Duchy of Moscow

2007 (activity moved to Russian Wikipedia)

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Alania | Juliana Anicia | Anne de Joyeuse | Catherine of Cleves | Duel of the Mignons | Vokrug sveta | Albazinians | Savva Vladislavovich | Symeon of Polotsk | Bogdan Khitrovo | Alexander Litovchenko | Ivan Moskvitin | Wild Fields | Muravsky Trail | Izyum Trail | Perekop | Vladimirka | Siberian Route | Serpeysk | Zabaikalsk | Ust-Luga | Lake Abrau | Abrau-Durso | Tsemes Bay | Arkhipo-Osipovka | Gelendzhik | Central Sochi | Khosta District | Ayan | North Caucasus Railway | Fyodor Baykov | Katharina Kepler | Lake Orestiada | Baked milk | Skhimar | Shoana Church | Senty Church | Arkhyz | Ganina Yama | Peter the Great Gulf | Shamora | Lake Khasan | Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula | Possiet Bay | Constantine Possiet | Trans-Caucasus Highway | Caucasus Highway | Chuya Highway | Volga Highway | Don Highway | Snokhachestvo | Nikolay Linevich | Vladimir Lambsdorff | Sergey Sazonov

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Sochi | Krasnaya Polyana | Novorossiysk | Baltiysk | Okhotsk | Albazin | Irkutsk | Vladivostok | Nikolayevsk-on-Amur | Zolotoy Rog | Unalaska | Derawar Fort | Hotan | The Great Game | Panjdeh Incident | Indian March of Paul | Soroca | Corfu (city) | Serboi | Lendians | Dispilio | Gerasim Izmailov | Alexander Izvolsky | Boris Stürmer | Wilfried Strik-Strikfeldt | Russian Expeditionary Force in France | Yakut Revolt | Anatoly Pepelyayev | Viktor Pepelyayev | Ipatiev House | Bibliotheca Palatina | Vasily Maklakov

2008 (activity moved to Russian Wikipedia)

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Pushkin House | Viktor Vinogradov | Izmail Sreznevsky | Alexander Veselovsky | Vysotsky Monastery | Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve | Zvezda (TV channel) | Natalia Shvedova | Yuly Aikhenvald | Slavyansk-na-Kubani | Kola Bay | Lake Galich | Nikolai Likhachev | Igor Dubov | Fyodor Braun | Gleb Panfilov | Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov | Dmitry Buturlin | Fyodor Uglov | Natalia Bekhtereva | Boris Barnet | Elizaveta Vorontsova | Nikolay Zubov

I substantially revised and edited the following articles:

Pochep | Bolghar | Turkestan-Siberia Railway | Ladoga Canal | Kalgan | Baetylus | Dhamek Stupa | Chief of the General Staff (Russia) | Nikolai Yevreinov | Leopold Sulerzhitsky | Nile mosaic of Palestrina | Il deserto rosso | Sasha Krasny | gazeta.ru | Gleb Struve | Peter and Paul Fortress | Nikolay Yazykov | Olavinlinna | Shushary | Uthman Qur'an | Ivan Pyryev | Serpent's Wall | Lviv National Museum | Ruzhany Palace

2009

Pages that I started/wrote myself:

Chynadiiovo | Uzhhorod Castle | Nevytsky Castle | Czerwonogród | Ternopil Castle | Ternopil Lake | Berezhany Castle | Seret River | Zhovkva Castle | St. Lawrence's Church | Medzhybizh Fortress | Pomoriany Castle | Svirzh Castle | Sydoriv Castle | Letychiv Fortress | Zolochiv Castle | Lubart's Castle | Kudryntsi Castle | Olyka Castle | Dubno Castle | Kreva Castle | Navahrudak Castle | Lida Castle | Old Hrodna Castle | New Hrodna Castle | Lubcha Castle | Stare Selo Castle | Old Constantine Castle | Zbarazh Castle | Halshany Castle | St. George's Church, Drohobych | Kryvka Church | Jesuit Church, Lviv | Presentation Church, Lviv | Carmelite Church, Lviv | Dormition Church, Lviv | Brygidki | Government House, Lviv | Pharmacy Museum, Lviv | Hlyniany Gate | Lviv Arsenal | Potocki Palace, Lviv | Sapieha Palace, Lviv | Bandinelli Palace | Lubomirski Palace, Lviv | Metropolitan Palace, Lviv | Korniakt Palace | Black Kamienica

House of Lorraine | Saqqara Tablet | Gorgoneion | Gonzaga Cameo | The Death of Procris | Kizlyar Gulf | Markotkh | Dzhubga | Gelendzhik Bay | Taman Bay | Temryuk Bay | Tamanskaya | Togliatti Azot | Chushka | Kerch Strait Bridge | Korfa Bay | Korf | Russkaya Koshka | Olyutorsky Gulf | Tri Brata | Narva Bay | Koporye Bay | Kurgalsky Peninsula | Soikinsky Peninsula | Neva Bay | Lisy Nos | Lakhta | Lake Lakhta | Olgino

2010

Russian church architecture | Kadriorg Palace | Kamenny Island Palace | Yelagin Palace | Annenhof | Summer Garden Palace | Meyendorff Castle | Kikin Hall | Babolovo Palace | Grebnevo | Kyshtym Manor House | Kharitonov Palace | Grand Ducal Burial Vault | Smolensky Cemetery | Admiralty Garden | Kuntsevo Dacha | St Sampson's Cathedral | Old Trinity Cathedral | Saviour Church on Sennaya Square | Ioannovsky Convent | Strelna Monastery | Sochi Cathedral | Kostroma Gostiny Dvor | Moscow Gostiny Dvor | Arkhangelsk Gostiny Dvor | Russian Museum of Ethnography | Rumyantsev Museum

Old Minsk | Gomel Palace | Foros Church | Odessa Cathedral | Dnipropetrovsk Cathedral | Kherson Cathedral | Sevastopol Naval Cathedral | St. Nicholas Military Cathedral | Theofania Convent | Bratsky Monastery | Florovsky Convent | Ioninsky Monastery | Inkerman Monastery | Mhar Monastery | Kiev Theological Academy | Klov Palace | Kachanovka | New Kharkov Cathedral | Old Kharkov Cathedral | Voronezh Cathedral | Allenburg Church | Arnau Church

Flooded Belfry | Ivanovsky Convent | Pokrovsky Convent | Ugresha Monastery | Kadashi Church | St Clement's Church, Moscow | Great Ascension Church | Orekhovo-Borisovo Metochion | Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Moscow | Ascension Church, Yaroslavl | Fyodorovskaya Church | Church of St. Nicholas in Tropino | Church of St. Nicholas Pensky | Church of St. Nicetas (Yaroslavl) | Church of St. Nicetas (Moscow) | Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (Izhevsk) | St. Michael's Cathedral (Izhevsk)

Dmitry Bludov | Filipp Vigel | Yuri Samarin | Ivan Yelagin | Alexander Kikin | Grigory Teplov | Natalia Sheremeteva | Pietro Antonio Trezzini | Luigi Rusca | Abram Melnikov | Mikhail Malakhov | Francesco Boffo | Nikolai Chagin | Ivan Snegiryov | Pavel Svinyin | Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin | Semyon Vengerov | Nicholas Gretsch | Alexander Nikitenko | Nikolay Ustryalov | Bestuzhev Courses | Otechestvennye Zapiski

Sit River | Masurian Canal | Izhevsk Lake | Cape Aya | Baydar Valley | Baydar Pass | Laspi Pass | Khan's Lake | Druya | Yarensk | Krapivna | Kromy | Epifan | Arsania | Syrenets | Kaliningrad Railway | Moscow Railway | Gorky Railway | South Eastern Railway | Volga Railway | Kuybyshev Railway | South Urals Railway | Sakhalin Railway | Syzran Bridge | Northern Railway | Sverdlovsk Railway | West Siberian Railway | Krasnoyarsk Railway | Trans-Baikal Railway

2011

Vorontsov Palace | New Michael Palace | Alexis Palace | Plevna Chapel | Askold's Grave | Bratstvo | Silent Souls | Pyotr Yeropkin | Ivan Vitali | Pavel Stroyev | Alexander Presnyakov | Vladimir Pashuto | Anatoly Novoseltsev | Sergey Karpov | Sergey Shubinsky | Mikhail Semevsky | Ivan Sytin | Ivan Zabelin | Russkaya Starina | Włodzimierz Spasowicz | Varvara Nelidova | Charles of Nassau-Siegen | Kirsha Danilov | Osip Bodyansky | Moskvityanin | Moscow Society of Naturalists | Triumphal Arch of Moscow | St Vladimir's Church, Moscow | Saint Sophia Church, Moscow | Uzhhorod Orthodox Cathedral | Bolshoi Zlatoust | Khan's Mosque | Tukayev Mosque | Perm Mosque | Mukhtarov Mosque | Lala Tulpan | Makhachkala Grand Mosque | Sukko | Lalsk | The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir | Book of Royal Degrees | Gosudarev Rodoslovets | Velvet Book | Stoglav | Blessed Be the Host of the King of Heaven | List of oldest Russian icons | List of Baroque residences

2012

VimpelCom Ltd. | Euroset | Svyaznoy | X5 Retail Group | Lake Strusta | Lake Sebezh | Juditten Church | Novocherkassk Cathedral | Omsk Dormition Cathedral | Khabarovsk City Cathedral | Khabarovsk Metropolitan Cathedral | Samara Mosque | Old Mosque in Moscow | Saint Petersburg Manege | Klevan Castle | Korets Castle | Chorny Yar | Happiness (1935 film) | Love and Pigeons | Two Fighters | Tyomnaya noch | Russian art song | Izabella Yurieva | Nani Bregvadze | Olga Voronets | Lyudmila Kasatkina | Mitrophan of Voronezh | Leonid Sabaneyev, Sr. | Ivan Minayev | Ivan Zakharov | Vasily Vasilyev | Archaeographic Commission | Eugene Bolkhovitinov | Platon Shirinsky-Shikhmatov | Maksim Kovalevsky | Boris Tomashevsky | Grigory Gukovsky |  Johann Georg Schwarz | Alexander Labzin | History of Freemasonry in Russia

2013

Qatiq | Pastila | Kuraga | Pargolovo | Old Pelym | Cherdyn Road | Babinov Road | Bobrok | Michael of Klopsk | Artemy Babinov | Ermil Kostrov | Andrey Melensky | Sergey Volkonsky | Evgeny Golubinsky | Filaret Gumilevsky | Nikolai Korkunov | Maria Manaseina | Ivan Yanzhul | Alexander Chuprov, Sr. | Anastasia Vyaltseva | Vasily Biskupsky | A. A. Zimin | Vladimir Kobrin | Ruslan Skrynnikov | Vasily Kachalov | Pyotr Glebov | Boris Vasilyev | Konstantin Vanshenkin | Evgeny Kurochkin | William Bernard McCabe | Altın Qapı | Kara Dag Mountain | Orekhovsky | Mount Akhun | Vorontsovskaya Cave | Dyupkun | Kureika River | Kazyr River | Talnikovy | Kinzelyuksky | Ilya Muromets Waterfall | Alyosha Monument

2014

Vozok | Promsvyazbank | Malinovsky Tank Academy |  Kirov Military Medical Academy | Yakov Slashchov | Ivan Zarudny | Antonina Bludova | Pavel Gagarin | Igor Belza | Dmitry Sontsov | Pyotr Bartenev | Sergey Miloradovich | Ivan Tarkhanov | Filipp Ovsyannikov | A. D. Popov | Nina Sazonova | Maria Babanova

REFERENCE DESK COLLABORATION

Articles started as part of the Reference Desk Article Collaboration (in most cases credit is due to incomparable Clio):

Basque witch trials | Falklands Crisis (1770) | Salerno Mutiny | Das Dritte Reich | Fernando Santos Costa | Albert Brackmann | Mothers' Movement | Roger Morrice | Thomas Charnock | Jane McManus Storm Cazneau | Ernst Lissauer | Richard Rumbold | Peter Voikov | Suvorov's Italian and Swiss expedition | Shanghai Russians

Some other articles enhanced in tandem with Clio as part of the Reference Desk project:

Edward the Exile | Prince Imperial | Napoleon I | Louis XII | Marquise de Pompadour | Persian Armenia | History of Istanbul | Austria-Hungary | Islam in Lebanon | Islam in Spain | Algernon Sydney | Protestant Reformation | Strength Through Joy | Prora | Anti-Irish racism | Indian Rebellion of 1857 | Great Depression in Central Europe | Italian fascism | Victor Emmanuel III of Italy | Anglo-Spanish War (1654) | French Communist Party | Shakespeare's reputation | Karafuto Prefecture | Dahomey War | 20th Congress | Foreign relations of the USSR | German war crimes | History of suicide | History of Brazil (1964–1985) | Paul Miliukov | Orator Hunt | Miguel Hidalgo | Ignaz Trebitsch-Lincoln

''I have uploaded hundreds, if not thousands, images both to English wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. I formerly kept a list of my uploads but stopped updating it quite some time ago. I highlight below some of my uploads which have been indentified by the community as featured pictures:

fr:user:Ghirlandajo ru:user:Ghirlandajo

title: User:Ghirlandajo


text:
Hunterville

Hunterville is a small town in the Rangitikei district of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located halfway between Taupo and Wellington on State Highway 1, and as of the 2018 census has a population of 408.

The township was named for George Hunter, who was a member of the Wellington Provincial Council. It straddles the state highway as well as the main trunk railway in the foothills forming the gateway to the Central Plateau.

The closest airport or airfield to Hunterville is RNZAF Base Ohakea, an important Royal New Zealand Air Force base, which is sited 33 km to the south west. 6 km north of Hunterville is Vinegar Hill.

Hunterville is well known for its statue of the huntaway, a specialised herding dog that uses its voice to drive the sheep. The town festival and market held on the first Saturday after Labour Day has a "Shepherds Shemozzle" – a race with man and dog with shepherds travelling from all over New Zealand to compete for the top prize.

There are marae south of the town at Rātā, which are affiliated with Ngāti Hauiti hapū. Tāhuhu Marae (or Taahuhu Marae) and Te Ruku a Te Kawau meeting house is a meeting place for Ngāti Haukaha. Rātā or Te Hou Hou or Potaka Marae and Hauiti meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Ruaanga and Ngāti Tamateraka.

History
From at least 1895 to 1948 the Hunterville Express was published in the town. It was one of 45 newspapers founded by Joseph Ives. Other editors were Cuthbert James Powell, Walter Keay, who was also a novelist and whose wife had earlier signed a suffrage petition in 1893, when women first gained a vote. In 1905 it was the Hunterville Express and Upper Rangitikei Advertiser, published 3 times a week. The Express offices were burnt out in 1917.

The Hunterville railway station on the North Island Main Trunk line opened in 1887 and closed in 1988.

The town's memorial for the First World War was unveiled in 1923.

Kiwiburn, the New Zealand Burning Man regional burn, has been held there since 2014.

Demographics
Hunterville is defined by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement. It covers 3.22 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2. It is part of the larger Otairi statistical area.

Hunterville had a population of 408 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 24 people (−5.6%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 36 people (−8.1%) since the 2006 census. There were 183 households, comprising 213 males and 201 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.06 males per female, with 75 people (18.4%) aged under 15 years, 60 (14.7%) aged 15 to 29, 165 (40.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 108 (26.5%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 83.1% European/Pākehā, 21.3% Māori, 2.9% Asian, and 5.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 55.9% had no religion, 30.9% were Christian, 0.7% had Māori religious beliefs and 1.5% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 36 (10.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 84 (25.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 21 people (6.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 132 (39.6%) people were employed full-time, 63 (18.9%) were part-time, and 18 (5.4%) were unemployed.

Otairi statistical area
Otairi covers 636.76 km2 and had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Otairi had a population of 1,272 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 45 people (3.7%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 15 people (−1.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 510 households, comprising 654 males and 618 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.06 males per female. The median age was 43.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 252 people (19.8%) aged under 15 years, 213 (16.7%) aged 15 to 29, 555 (43.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 249 (19.6%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 86.6% European/Pākehā, 19.1% Māori, 0.9% Pacific peoples, 1.9% Asian, and 3.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 10.4, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 51.9% had no religion, 37.7% were Christian, 1.2% had Māori religious beliefs and 1.4% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 150 (14.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 231 (22.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $26,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. 126 people (12.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 525 (51.5%) people were employed full-time, 180 (17.6%) were part-time, and 27 (2.6%) were unemployed.

Education
Hunterville Consolidated School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of  as of.

Notable people

 * William Meldrum (1865–1964), solicitor in Hunterville and chairman of the Hunterville Town Board prior to WWI.
 * Hadleigh Parkes (born 1987), professional Rugby Player, played for Super Rugby teams, Blues (Captain), Kings, and Hurricanes. Plays for Welsh regional team Scarlets (2014–) and was selected for the Welsh Test team in 2017.

title: Hunterville


text:
MIT Technology Review

MIT Technology Review is a bimonthly magazine wholly owned by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and editorially independent of the university. It was founded in 1899 as The Technology Review, and was re-launched without The in its name on April 23, 1998, under then publisher R. Bruce Journey. In September 2005, it was changed, under its then editor-in-chief and publisher, Jason Pontin, to a form resembling the historical magazine.

Before the 1998 re-launch, the editor stated that "nothing will be left of the old magazine except the name." It was therefore necessary to distinguish between the modern and the historical Technology Review. The historical magazine had been published by the MIT Alumni Association, was more closely aligned with the interests of MIT alumni, and had a more intellectual tone and much smaller public circulation. The magazine, billed from 1998 to 2005 as "MIT's Magazine of Innovation", and from 2005 onwards as simply "published by MIT", focused on new technology and how it is commercialized; was sold to the public and targeted at senior executives, researchers, financiers, and policymakers, as well as MIT alumni.

In 2011, Technology Review received an Utne Reader Independent Press Award for Best Science/Technology Coverage.

Original magazine: 1899–1998
Technology Review was founded in 1899 under the name The Technology Review and relaunched in 1998 without "The" in its original name. It currently claims to be "the oldest technology magazine in the world."

In 1899, The New York Times commented:

"We give a cordial welcome to No. 1 of Vol. I of The Technology Review, a Quarterly Magazine Relating to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published in Boston, and under charge of the Association of Class Secretaries. As far as make-up goes, cover, paper, typography and illustrations are in keeping with the strong characteristics of the Institution it represents. This magazine, as its editors announce, is intended to be 'a clearing house of information and thought,' and, as far as the Institute of Technology is concerned, 'to increase its power, to minimize its waste, to insure [sic] among its countless friends the most perfect co-operation.'"

The career path of James Rhyne Killian illustrates the close ties between Technology Review and the Institute. In 1926, Killian graduated from college and got his first job as assistant managing editor of Technology Review; he rose to editor-in-chief; became executive assistant to then-president Karl Taylor Compton in 1939; vice-president of MIT in 1945; and succeeded Compton as president in 1949.

The May 4, 1929, issue contained an article by Dr. Norbert Wiener, then Assistant Professor of Mathematics, describing some deficiencies in a paper Albert Einstein had published earlier that year. Wiener also commented on a cardinal's critique of the Einstein theory saying:

"The pretended incomprehensibility of the Einstein theory has been used as capital by professional anti-Einsteinians. Without prejudice to the cause of religion, I may remark that theological discussions have not at all times been distinguished by their character of lucidity."

The historical Technology Review often published articles that were controversial, or critical of certain technologies. A 1980 issue contained an article by Jerome Wiesner attacking the Reagan administration's nuclear defense strategy. The cover of a 1983 issue stated, "Even if the fusion program produces a reactor, no one will want it," and contained an article by Lawrence M. Lidsky, associate director of MIT's Plasma Fusion Center, challenging the feasibility of fusion power (which at the time was often fancied to be just around the corner). The May 1984 issue contained an exposé about microchip manufacturing hazards.

In 1966, the magazine started using a puzzle column started in Tech Engineering News a few months earlier. Its author is Allan Gottlieb, who has now written the column for more than fifty years.

As late as 1967, the New York Times described Technology Review as a "scientific journal." Of its writing style, writer George V. Higgins complained:

"Technology Review, according to [then-editor] Stephen [sic] Marcus... [subjects] its scientific contributors to rewrite rigors that would give fainting spells to the most obstreperous cub reporter. Marcus believes this produces readable prose on arcane subjects. I don't agree."

In 1984, Technology Review printed an article about a Russian scientist using ova from frozen mammoths to create a mammoth-elephant hybrid called a "mammontelephas". Apart from being dated "April 1, 1984", there were no obvious giveaways in the story. The Chicago Tribune News Service picked it up as a real news item, and it was printed as fact in hundreds of newspapers.

In 1994, a survey of "opinion leaders" ranked Technology Review No. 1 in the nation in the "most credible" category.

Contributors to the magazine also included Thomas A. Edison, Winston Churchill, and Tim Berners-Lee.

Relaunch: 1998–2005
A radical transition of the magazine occurred in 1996. At that time, according to the Boston Business Journal, in 1996 Technology Review had lost $1.6 million over the previous seven years and was "facing the possibility of folding" due to "years of declining advertising revenue."

R. Bruce Journey was named publisher, the first full-time publisher in the magazine's history. According to previous publisher William J. Hecht, although Technology Review had "long been highly regarded for its editorial excellence," the purpose of appointing Journey was to enhance its "commercial potential" and "secure a prominent place for Technology Review in the competitive world of commercial publishing." John Benditt replaced Steven J. Marcus as editor-in-chief, the entire editorial staff was fired, and the modern Technology Review was born.

Boston Globe columnist David Warsh described the transition by saying that the magazine had been serving up "old 1960s views of things: humanist, populist, ruminative, suspicious of the unseen dimensions of new technologies" and had now been replaced with one that "takes innovation seriously and enthusiastically." Former editor Marcus characterized the magazine's new stance as "cheerleading for innovation."

Under Bruce Journey, Technology Review billed itself as "MIT's Magazine of Innovation". Since 2001, it has been published by Technology Review Inc., a nonprofit independent media company owned by MIT.

Intending to appeal to business leaders, editor John Benditt said in 1999, "We're really about new technologies and how they get commercialized." Technology Review covers breakthroughs and current issues on fields such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and computing. Articles are also devoted to more mature disciplines such as energy, telecommunications, transportation, and the military.

Since Journey, Technology Review has been distributed as a regular mass-market magazine and appears on newsstands. By 2003, circulation had more than tripled from 92,000 to 315,000, about half that of Scientific American, and included 220,000 paid subscribers and 95,000 sent free to MIT alumni. Additionally, in August 2003, a German edition of Technology Review was started in cooperation with the publishing house Heinz Heise (circulation of about 50,000 as of 2005). According to The New York Times, as of 2004 the magazine was still "partly financed by M.I.T. (though it is expected to turn a profit eventually)."

Technology Review also functions as the MIT alumni magazine; the edition sent to alumni contains a separate section, "MIT News," containing items such as alumni class notes. This section is not included in the edition distributed to the general public.

The magazine is published by Technology Review, Inc, an independent media company owned by MIT. MIT's website lists it as an MIT publication, and the MIT News Office states that "the magazine often uses MIT expertise for some of its content." In 1999 The Boston Globe noted that (apart from the alumni section) "few Technology Review articles actually concern events or research at MIT." However, in the words of editor Jason Pontin:

"Our job is not to promote MIT; but we analyse and explain emerging technologies, and because we believe that new technologies are, generally speaking, a good thing, we do indirectly promote MIT's core activity: that is, the development of innovative technology."

From 1997 to 2005, R. Bruce Journey held the title of "publisher"; Journey was also the president and CEO of Technology Review, Inc. Editors-in-chief have included John Benditt (1997), Robert Buderi (2002), and Jason Pontin (2004).

The magazine has won numerous Folio! awards, presented at the annual magazine publishing trade show conducted by Folio! magazine. In 2001, these included a "Silver Folio: Editorial Excellence Award" in the consumer science and technology magazine category and many awards for typography and design. In 2006, Technology Review was named a finalist in the "general excellence" category of the annual National Magazine Awards, sponsored by the American Society of Magazine Editors.

On June 6, 2001, Fortune and CNET Networks launched a publication entitled Fortune/CNET Technology Review. MIT sued Fortune's parent corporation, Time, Inc. for infringement of the Technology Review trademark. The case was quickly settled. In August the MIT student newspaper reported that lawyers for MIT and Time were reluctant to discuss the case, citing a confidentiality agreement that both sides described as very restrictive. Jason Kravitz, a Boston attorney who represented MIT in the case, suggested that the magazine's change of name to Fortune/CNET Tech Review, a change that occurred in the middle of the case, may have been part of the settlement.

Many publications covering specific technologies have used "technology review" as part of their names, such as Lawrence Livermore Labs's Energy & Technology Review, AACE's Educational Technology Review, and the International Atomic Energy Agency's Nuclear Technology Review.

The magazine adopted a more serious tone in a 2004 redesign.

In 2005, Technology Review, along with Wired News and other technology publications, was embarrassed by the publication of a number of stories by freelancer Michelle Delio containing information which could not be corroborated. Editor-in-chief Pontin said, "Of the ten stories which were published, only three were entirely accurate. In two of the stories, I'm fairly confident that Michelle Delio either did not speak to the person she said she spoke to, or misrepresented her interview with him." The stories were retracted.

Modern magazine: 2005–present
On August 30, 2005, Technology Review announced that R. Bruce Journey, publisher from 1996 to 2005, would be replaced by the then current Editor in Chief, Jason Pontin, and would reduce the print publication frequency from eleven to six issues per year while enhancing the publication's website. The Boston Globe characterized the change as a "strategic overhaul." Editor and publisher Jason Pontin stated that he would "focus the print magazine on what print does best: present[ing] longer-format, investigative stories and colorful imagery." Technology Review's Web site, Pontin said, would henceforth publish original, daily news and analysis (whereas before it had merely republished the print magazine's stories). Finally, Pontin said that Technology Review's stories in print and online would identify and analyze emerging technologies. This focus resembles that of the historical Technology Review. Pontin convinced copy editors to adopt the diaeresis mark for words like "coördinate", a rarity in native English usage, though failed to convince them to use logical punctuation.

Without evident comment, the July/August, 2017, issue revealed a shift in top personnel, with Elizabeth Bramson-Boudreau listed as Chief Executive Officer and Publisher, and David Rotman as Editor. Gideon Lichfield was named editor-in-chief in November 2017.

In 2020, the Brazilian version of MIT Technology Review, known as MIT Technology Review Brasil, was launched.

The magazine, like many others has transitioned its focus from print to digital.

Every year, the magazine publishes a list of the 10 technologies it considers the most influential.

Annual lists
Each year, MIT Technology Review publishes three annual lists:
 * Innovators Under 35 (formerly TR35)
 * 10 Breakthrough Technologies
 * 50 Smartest Companies

Innovators Under 35
MIT Technology Review has become well known for its annual Innovators Under 35. In 1999, and then in 2002—2004, MIT Technology Review produced the TR100, a list of "100 remarkable innovators under the age of 35." In 2005, this list was renamed the TR35 and shortened to 35 individuals under the age of 35. Notable recipients of the award include Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, PayPal co-founder Max Levchin, Geekcorps creator Ethan Zuckerman, Linux developer Linus Torvalds, BitTorrent developer Bram Cohen, MacArthur "genius" bioengineer Jim Collins, investors Micah Siegel and Steve Jurvetson, and Netscape co-founder Marc Andreessen. The list was renamed Innovators Under 35 in 2013.

Recognition
In 2006, Technology Review was a finalist in the National Magazine Awards in the category of General Excellence.

In 2010, Technology Review won the gold and silver prizes for best full issue of a technology magazine (for its November and June 2009 issues) and the gold, silver, and bronze prizes for best single article in a technology magazine (for "Natural Gas Changes the Energy Map" by David Rotman; “Prescription: Networking” by David Talbot; and "Chasing the Sun" by David Rotman) in the Folio Magazine Eddie Awards.

In 2007, Technology Review won the bronze prizes in the Folio Magazine Eddie Awards in the categories of best issue of a technology magazine and best single technology article. That same year, technologyreview.com won third place in the MPA Digital Awards for best business or news Website and second place for best online video or video series.

In 2008, Technology Review won the gold prize for the best issue of a technology magazine (for its May 2008 issue); the gold, silver, and bronze prizes for best single articles in a technology magazine (for The Price of Biofuels by David Rotman; Brain Trauma in Iraq by Emily Singer; and Una Laptop por Niño by David Talbot); the gold prize for best online community; and the bronze prize for best online tool in the Folio Magazine Eddie Awards. That same year, Technology Review won third place in the Magazine Publishers of America (MPA) Digital Awards for best online videos.

In 2009, Technology Review won the gold prize for Best Online News Coverage; the gold and silver prizes for best single articles in a technology magazine (for "How Obama Really Did It" by David Talbot) and "Can Technology Save the Economy?" by David Rotman and the silver prize for best online community in the Folio Magazine Eddie Awards.

In 2011, Technology Review won the silver prize for best full issue of a technology magazine (for its January 2011 issue) and the gold and silver prizes for best single article in a technology magazine (for “Moore's Outlaws” by David Talbot and "Radical Opacity" by Julian Dibbell) in the Folio Magazine Eddie Awards. That same year, Technology Review was recognized for the best science and technology coverage in the Utne Reader Independent Press Awards.

In 2012, MIT Technology Review won the gold and silver prizes for best full issue of a technology magazine (for its June and October 2012 issues), and the gold and bronze prizes for best single article in a technology magazine (for "People Power 2.0" by John Pollock and "The Library of Utopia" by Nicholas Carr) in the Folio Magazine Eddie Awards. That same year, MIT Technology Review won the gold prize for best feature design (for "The Library of Utopia" by Nicholas Carr) in the Folio Magazine Ozzie Awards.

In 2020, SEAL Awards recognized senior climate and energy editor James Temple with an Environmental Journalism Award.

title: MIT Technology Review


text:
User talk:Addboy

File:Addboy.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Addboy.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. MGA73 (talk) 18:49, 20 February 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Addboy


text:
2000 Polish presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Poland on 8 October 2000. Incumbent President Aleksander Kwaśniewski was easily re-elected in the first round with more than 50% of the vote, the only time a direct presidential election in Poland has not gone to a second round.

Kwaśniewski would be the last president to be re-elected until Andrzej Duda in 2020.

Background
President Kwaśniewski was seen as very likely to win re-election in the run up to the presidential election with polls showing that his popularity was high as 70% support. His main challenger was expected to be Marian Krzaklewski from the Solidarity Electoral Action, which had formed the government since winning the last parliamentary elections in 1997. The other main candidate was a former Foreign Minister and more liberal conservative Andrzej Olechowski, who won support from voters who were discontented with both of the other main candidates and in particular younger voters, businessmen and intellectuals.

Candidates seen as having less of a chance included Andrzej Lepper, a populist farmers leader who opposed entry into the European Union and former president Lech Wałęsa. Wałęsa was rejected as the candidate for the Solidarity party he had won the presidency for, and thus ran separately in the election.

In order to be elected in the first round a candidate had to gain over 50% of the vote. If no candidate reached this level, then a second round would have been held between the top two candidates. As the campaign continued, the biggest question in the election was whether or not incumbent President Kwaśniewski would win the 50% required to avoid a second round.

In the August before the election Kwaśniewski and another former president and candidate Lech Wałęsa were investigated by a court on allegations that they had been informers for the Communist secret police. If they had been found guilty they could have been banned from seeking election to political office for 10 years. However they both claimed that the evidence had been manipulated by political opponents and were cleared by the court.

Solidarity candidate Krzaklewski attacked Kwaśniewski for his past as a Communist party activist. However opinion polls in August showed this had little effect with Kwaśniewski well ahead with over 60% support, while Krzaklewski was second and Olechowski third, but both a long way behind. President Kwaśniewski's campaign focused on reconciling all of Poland with slogans including "Poland, our common home". Most voters felt he had done well as President and he was seen as having done a good job in guiding Poland to membership of NATO. Krzaklewski's popularity was not high due to the infighting in the government led by his Solidarity party since they had won the 1997 parliamentary election. Meanwhile, Lech Wałęsa trailed badly in the polls with only about 2% support, which Wałęsa saw as being due to voters seeing him as being responsible for the pain involved in the transition from communism.

In the election 3 candidates ran on platforms against the European Union. During the campaign one of them, Andrzej Lepper, was arrested for illegally blocking a customs post, however he claimed that this was an attempt to sabotage his campaign.

As the election neared Kwaśniewski dropped in the polls and it became uncertain whether he would win the 50% required to avoid a second round. This followed a television advertisement from Solidarity candidate Krzaklewski in which Kwaśniewski was accused of having mocked Pope John Paul II. The video showed Kwaśniewski apparently urging his security advisor to kiss the ground is a parody of the Pope, although Kwaśniewski claimed this was inaccurate. At least one poll showed Kwaśniewski's support having dropped by 10% in one week following this, however it was the other main candidate, Andrzej Olechowski, who benefited as Krzaklewski was seen as being tarnished for having run a negative campaign.

Candidates
There was no second round since Aleksander Kwaśniewski got over 50% in the first round.

First Round

 * Businessman Bogdan Pawłowski (Independent), 55
 * Generał broni Tadeusz Wilecki (National Party), 55

Results
Incumbent President Kwaśniewski won the election in the first round receiving almost 54% of the vote. Independent Andrzej Olechowski came second beating Solidarity candidate Krzaklewski into third place. Meanwhile, former President Lech Wałęsa only won 1% of the vote and following the election stood down as leader of his small Christian Democratic party.

title: 2000 Polish presidential election


text: Category:Islands of Fiji

title: Category:Islands of Fiji


text:
Stephanie Graf

Stephanie Graf (born 26 April 1973, in Klagenfurt) is an Austrian former middle distance runner who won silver medals in the 800 metres at both the Olympic Games and the World Athletics Championships. In June 2010 Graf was suspended for two years for an anti-doping rule violation.

Biography
Graf finished second to Maria de Lurdes Mutola in the women's 800 meters at both the 2000 Olympics in Sydney and the 2001 World Athletics Championships in Edmonton, Alberta. Her time from the 2000 Olympics, 1:56.64 minutes, is the current Austrian 800 metres record.

Proceedings were issued against Graf by the Austria's anti-doping authority in May 2010. Following the revelation that the Humanplasma laboratory had aided around 30 athletes with blood doping practices, Graf admitted that her blood had been taken at the lab, but insisted that it had never been re-injected (which would have improved her performances).

In June 2010 Graf was suspended for two years for the attempted use of a prohibited method.

title: Stephanie Graf


text:
Talk:Bankstown

Page move
I moved the page from "Bankstown" to "Bankstown, New South Wales" to follow with the standard Wikipedia place-name formatting. Techelf 11:33, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Why does the writer only mention the lebanese community in reference to bankstown. It is also home to many others, but more specifically if you look at the latest census 2001, there is just as many vietnamese in bankstown, if not, their presence is very visible, eg. the bankstown plaza.
 * Feel free to add more, then? Dysprosia 03:07, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

One interesting point... should we make a clearer distinction between Bankstown, the suburb, and Bankstown, the local government area? For instance, isn't the airport actually in milperra? Enochlau 10:11, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

Separate page for the Local Government Area
As per discussion at Talk:List of Sydney suburbs, I have created a separate page for the City of Bankstown, the Local Government Area. -- Ianblair23 05:29, 30 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Excellent. Enochlau 13:35, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

There is still quite substantial overlap between this article and City of Bankstown. I suggest that we cull this article to refer specifically to the suburb itself. Enochlau 15:18, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Bankstown Bunker
I have recently added a small paragraph to this article called the Bankstown Bunker. The information that I have provided has references to varifie it's truth. Today someone has come along added a whole heap of un-sourced claims. Some of the information is informative, but I think it now drags on a bit. I would be inclined to either reduce its own content or create a separate artcle for the Bankstown Bunker. Cheers. Adam.J.W.C. 04:44, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Advertising of flats for sale on Bankstown page
The flats shown on the front page are hardly the nicest site in Bankstown (best in my opinion would be Civic Centre, Botanic Garden, Bankstown airport or Sydney's second largest cricket ground). I am also under the impression that the pictured flats are currently for sale, and the average house price appears to be their asking price. Any comment? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.219.38.57 (talk) 22:47, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Bankstown


text:
Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic

The Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic (Polish: Chrześcijańska Demokracja III Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, ChD III RP or ChDRP) was a Polish political party created in 1997 by former Solidarity leader and Polish president Lech Wałęsa. He stood as the party's candidate in the 2000 presidential election but received only 1% of the vote. It never gained substantial support.


text: Category:Kings of Fiji

title: Category:Kings of Fiji


text:
User talk:Wakuseino

αγδεε (τ) 11:36, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)

DocKill: Negima Conversations

 * Yeah, I'm keeping our conversations here for reference too. Anyways, this was what you posted on my user page. Wakuseino 22:16, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * We both seem to be very passionate about Negima, but I believe that if we work together we can provide better information on the manga/anime/game my email should be on my user page, please email me
 * Well, I couldn't find your email, so I mentioned it in your talk page. I'll go and update my user page with my email.. I've been meaning to update it anyways. Wakuseino 22:16, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:GA2 Cover.jpg
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Thank you. DASHBot (talk) 05:38, 15 September 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wakuseino


text:
Ian Maddieson

Ian Maddieson (born September 1, 1942 in Watford, United Kingdom ) is British-American linguist and professor emeritus of linguistics at the University of New Mexico, in the United States. He has served as Vice-President of the International Phonetic Association, and Secretary of the Association for Laboratory Phonology. Maddieson is best known for his work in phonetics, and phonological typology. He spent most of his academic career at the University of California, Berkeley, where he often collaborated with Peter Ladefoged in describing the patterns of speech sounds in the world's spoken languages.

Books

 * Based on data from about 400 languages, the book describes the known contrasting phonetic categories, the ways in which the phonemic sounds may differ in human languages.
 * Maddieson, Ian, Patterns of Sounds,
 * Cambridge University Press, 1984, ISBN 0-521-26536-3
 * Cambridge University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-521-11326-7
 * The book analyzes the frequencies and distributions of the phonemic sounds among languages. The results are based on UPSID (the UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database).
 * The book analyzes the frequencies and distributions of the phonemic sounds among languages. The results are based on UPSID (the UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database).

title: Ian Maddieson


text:
User talk:Andersju

Boh. --RJIH 11:19, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 11:38, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks! -- Andersju 11:58, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

commons:COM:FPC
Hi Andersju, I nominated a photo of yours to be a featured picture at the commons. You can vote on it here:. Nice band photography. :) cheers, pfctdayelise 00:26, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem. My nominations routinely get shot down, I guess I just appreciate certain things other than humungous resolution and absolute 100% focus. ;) --pfctdayelise (translate?) 14:27, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Photo Matching Service
Thought you might want to know about this, it has the same goals as WikiProject Photography, but is better organized. If you have any questions, please contact me on my talk page. -- Gphoto talk 19:20, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

A kitten for you!
HEJ BROR.

Anne.J-U (talk) 05:02, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andersju