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Aleksandr Laktionov (painter)

Aleksandr Ivanovich Laktionov (Александр Иванович Лактионов; 29 May 1910 – 15 March 1972) was a Socialist realism painter in the post-war Soviet Union. His meticulous and almost photo-real style was popular, but courted controversy among art critics and other artists.

Laktionov was born in Rostov-on-Don and studied in the Leningrad Academy of Arts from 1926 to 1929 and later as a postgraduate from 1938 to 1944. Laktionov was a pupil of the artist Isaak Brodsky and was influenced by his technical and realistic approach, which followed the traditions of the Old Masters.

Laktionov's breakthrough work was A Letter From the Front (1947), which captured the prevailing mood among the people of the Soviet Union following the German-Soviet War. It is a highly optimistic work, bathed in a warm glow, which became a motif of Laktionov's later works and Socialist realism in general.

Laktionov became most famous for his genre paintings such as Into a New Flat (1952) and Old Age Provided For (1958–60). These painstakingly realistic works paint an overwhelmingly positive picture of Soviet society. Nonetheless, these paintings proved popular among the general public, despite their mixed critical reception. This criticism was leveled mainly at Laktionov's trademark attention to detail that, they claimed, eschews artistic expression in favor of naturalism.

In spite of this, Laktionov found many supporters in the state cultural bureaucracy, who approved of his nationalistic and optimistic subject matter. This ensured that Laktionov was able to lead a highly successful career and mix in the highest echelons of Soviet society. Throughout his later years he was commissioned to paint numerous portraits of leading Soviet actors, surgeons, soldiers, politicians and cosmonauts, including a portrait of Joseph Stalin.

title: Aleksandr Laktionov (painter)


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User talk:Ehrl

Franz Ehrl, Training & Beratung A-373o Kattau Nr. 39 Tel: +43 664 533 65 07 Tel: +43 2984 6020 Fax: +43 2984 6020 13 Mail: info@ehrl.com

My Articles in Wikipedia.de:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Ehrl


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Wilsdruff transmitter

The transmitter Wilsdruff was a medium wave radio broadcasting facility near Wilsdruff, Germany. Until the 1990s there was a transmitter for 1044 kHz with 250 kilowatts transmission power. This was a 153-metre guyed steel tube mast, insulated with respect to ground. Since the mid nineties transmission power was only 20 kilowatts. The new transmitter is in a circular building on which the mast stands. The old transmitter of the fifties is a technical monument. The whole facility is a relic from the Joseph Stalin era with a high fence (double fence with dog track and watchtowers) which is still almost complete.

Diesel engines are employed for an emergency power supply, modified from World War II submarine engines. The program "MDR info" transmitted from here on 1044 kHz until 2013. From 2001 to 2003 a second transmitter for MEGARADIO on 1431 kHz was operated. This also used the 153 m steel tube mast as its transmitter.

After its shutdown in 2013, the mast was torn down on August 1, 2021.

title: Wilsdruff transmitter


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Diarchy

Diarchy (from Greek, di-, "double", and , -arkhía, "ruled"), duarchy, or duumvirate  is a form of government characterized by corule, with two people ruling a polity together either lawfully or de facto, by collusion and force. The leaders of such a system are usually known as corulers.

Historically, diarchy particularly referred to the system of shared rule in British India established by the Government of India Acts 1919 and 1935, which devolved some powers to local councils, which had included native Indian representation under the Indian Councils Act 1892. 'Duumvirate' principally referred to the offices of the various duumviri established by the Roman Republic. Both, along with less common synonyms such as biarchy and tandemocracy, are now used more generally to refer to any system of joint rule or office. A monarchy temporarily controlled by two or more people is, however, usually distinguished as a coregency.

Corule is one of the oldest forms of government. Historical examples include the Pandyan dynasty of Tamilakam, Sparta's joint kingship, the Roman Republic's consuls, Carthage's Judges, and several ancient Polynesian societies. Systems of inheritance that often led to corule in Germanic and Dacian monarchies may be included as well, as may the dual occupants of the imperial title of the Inca Empire, or its system of succession. Modern examples of diarchies are Andorra, whose princes are the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell in Catalonia; and San Marino, whose republic is led by two Captains Regent.

Andorra
Andorra is a parliamentary co-principality. Its princes are (ex officio) the French president and the bishop of Urgell in Catalonia, Spain. Since 1962, the French president has been elected by universal suffrage within France. The bishop of the diocese of Urgell is appointed by the Roman Catholic pope.

Bhutan
The 2008 Constitution affirms Bhutan's commitment to a traditional dual government sharing power between the Druk Gyalpo ("King") and the Buddhist religious authorities led by the Je Khenpo. In practice, however, the religious leaders function more as advisors to the kings than as corulers. Both arms of the traditional dual government are in practice less important than the Parliament and (single) Prime Minister.

Northern Ireland
Under the terms of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement intended to end conflict in Northern Ireland, the First Minister and deputy First Minister serve as joint heads of the area's executive. Both positions exercise identical executive powers; however they are not heads of state.

San Marino
The captains regent (Capitani Reggenti) of San Marino are elected every six months by the Sammarinese parliament, the Grand and General Council. They serve as heads of state and are normally chosen from opposing parties.

Sparta
The office of king in ancient Sparta was divided between two kings from separate dynasties, each holding a veto over the other's actions. However, the Spartan kings' powers and duties consisted mainly of leading the Spartan army on campaign (during which only one king would usually lead a given force) and certain religious functions, as well as having ex-officio seats in the Gerousia (Senate). Actual day-to-day public administration in Sparta was managed by the ephors.

Roman Republic
Following the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, the Romans established an oligarchic Roman Republic which divided supreme executive power (imperium) between two consuls, both elected each year and each holding a veto over the other's actions.

The historical duumviri were not rulers but magistrates, performing various judicial, religious, or public functions.

Kartli
According to Conversion of Kartli, Leonti Mroveli, Vakhushti Bagrationi, Teimuraz Bagrationi and Pavle Ingorokva, there existed a dual power (Diarchy) in Kartli at the time of the kings mentioned below. According to Cyril Toumanoff, the diarchs of Kartli in 370-378 were Sauromaces II and Mihrdat III.
 * 1) Bartom II and Kʽartʽam
 * 2) Pʽarsman I and Kaos
 * 3) Azork and Armazel
 * 4) Amazasp I and Derok
 * 5) Pʽarsman II and Mirdat I

Hungary
The Hungarians originally possessed a system of dual kingship, with religious authority vested in the kende and military authority vested in the war-chief (gyula). It is believed that when the kende Kurszán was killed c. 904 a little after the arrival of the Hungarians in Pannonia, his role was usurped by the war-chief Árpád, establishing the Hungarian monarchy. It is not known with certainty whether Árpád was originally the kende or the gyula.

Afghanistan
The Ghurid Empire was an established diarchy between Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad and Muhammad of Ghor. The diarchy lasted from 1173 to 1203 until the death of Ghiyath al-Din, leaving his ruler, Muhammad sole ruler of the Ghurid empire.

Japan
During Japan's shogunate, the emperor was notionally a supreme spiritual and temporal lord who delegated authority for joint rule to the shōgun. In practice, the shōguns' power was so complete that they are usually considered de facto monarchs rather than viceroys or corulers.

Medieval Europe
A paréage was a feudal treaty recognizing the "equal footing" (pari passu) of two sovereigns over a territory. The most famous such arrangement was the 1278 treaty that established modern Andorra. Others include Maastricht, which was shared by the Duke of Brabant and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. After the establishment of the Dutch Republic, it became a condominium of Liège and the United Provinces, which administered it through the States General of the Netherlands until 1794.

Tibet
Between 1642 and 1751, political power in Tibet was shared between the 5th, 6th, and 7th Dalai Lamas who headed the realm's Buddhist state religion and various secular rulers known as desis. The growing power of the desis caused the 7th Dalai Lama to abolish the post and replace it with a council known as the Kashag, permitting him to consolidate his authority over the realm. A similar system arose in Bhutan, with the Wangchuck governor (penlop) of Trongsa becoming the Druk Desi and Druk Gyalpo in 1907. In contrast to Tibet, the dynasty eventually consolidated its power and now rules as the kings of Bhutan.

Russia
From 1619-1633, Tsar Michael of Russia ruled along with his father, Patriarch Filaret of Moscow. Both were addressed as Velikiy Gosudar (Great Sovereign), held court together, and when they did not the ceremony was the same. While both were equal in theory, in practice Patriarch Filaret ruled, with Michael supporting whatever his father ordered.

Between the February Revolution in March 1917 and the October Revolution in November, political power in Russia was divided between the Russian Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet, a condition described by Vladimir Lenin as "Dual Power". He elaborated the situation into a dual-power doctrine, whereby Communists collaborated with and then supplanted existing bourgeois forms of government.

England, Scotland and Ireland
Although the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland were monarchies, they became de facto diarchies in personal union during the co-rule of William II and III and Mary II. After the Glorious Revolution deposed James VII and II, his kingships were succeeded in 1689 by his daughter Mary and his son-in-law and nephew William, who jointly ruled England, Scotland and Ireland until Mary died in 1694, succeeded by William as the sole monarch.

Canada
The colonial Province of Canada was usually governed by two joint premiers from 1841 to 1867. Usually, one was chosen from the English-speaking Canada West and the other one from the French-speaking Canada East.

India
Named as the India Secretary for the Lloyd George ministry, Edwin Samuel Montagu made the "Grand Declaration" on 20 August 1917 that British policy would henceforth be "increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration and the gradual development of self-governing institutions". Montagu and Viscount Chelmsford, the Governor-General of India, then made an extensive tour of the subcontinent in 1917 and 1918. The Montague–Chelmsford Report's recommendations formed the basis for the Government of India Act 1919 that established "diarchy" in British India.

Under that act, the executive was to be headed by a governor appointed by the Secretary of State, who could consult the Governor General. The governor was responsible to the Secretary of State for acts of omission and commission. He was to maintain law and order in the province and ensure that the provincial administration worked smoothly. In respect of transferred subjects, he was to be assisted by his ministers whereas reserved subjects were to be administered by the Governor General and his executive council.

The members of the Executive Council were to be appointed by the Secretary of State and were responsible to him in all matters. There were certain matters that he was to administer at his own discretion, in which he was responsible to the Secretary of State. Each councillor was to remain in office for a period of four years. Their salaries and service conditions were not subject to the vote of provincial legislature. All decisions in the council were to be taken by a majority of votes, the Governor being able to break ties.

Samoa
During the establishment of the modern state of Samoa in 1962, power was shared between the two chiefs Malietoa Tanumafili II and Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole. Meaʻole died the next year, after which the country functioned as a monarchy until the death of Tanumafili and a republic thereafter.

Bolivia
Following a coup d'état in 1964, former Vice President René Barrientos rose to power as president of the military junta. The following year, faced with discontent from loyalists of General Alfredo Ovando Candía, Barrientos promulgated the co-presidency between himself and Ovando Candía. The pair ruled as dual presidents until 1966 when Barrientos resigned in order to run in that year's general election.

Israel
After the 2019–2021 Israeli political crisis, the Israel's Basic Law: The Government underwent a major change. A system of two prime ministers, appointed at the same time by the Knesset, was established. According to the new method, there was an Alternate Prime Minister of Israel in addition to the standard Prime Minister of Israel. After a half of the government's term, the two prime ministers would change positions as part of a rotation government. During the term, the government's roles and duties were divided between the two prime ministers, each one of them entitled to remove ministers without the other's interference.

However, this system did not survive even until the first planned rotation and was abolished again after Benyamin Netanyahu's victory at the end of 2022.

Bureaucracy
Shared power arrangements within a modern bureaucracy may also be known as a "diarchy" or "duumvirate". Examples include the joint authority of the Chief of the Defence Force and the Secretary of the Department of Defence over the Australian Defence Organisation.

Influential outsiders
The status of monarchs is sometimes impugned by accusations of corule when an advisor, family member, lover, or friend appears to have taken too great a hand in government. Lü Buwei in Chinese history and François Leclerc du Tremblay in France are famous examples of "éminences grises" who controlled much of their countries' policies. In British history, George VI's reign was mocked as a "split-level matriarchy in pants" owing to the supposed influence of his mother, Queen Mary and his wife Queen Elizabeth.

Informally shared power
Owing to Confucian notions of filial piety, Chinese and Japanese emperors were sometimes able to 'retire' but continue to exert great influence over state policy. In Indonesia, Sukarno and his vice president Mohammad Hatta were nicknamed the Duumvirate (Dwitunggal), with Sukarno setting government policy and rallying support and Hatta managing day-to-day administration. More recently, the great influence of Vladimir Putin over his successor Dmitry Medvedev was considered a duumvirate, or tandemocracy (see also Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy), until Putin's resumption of the office of president established him as the greater figure.

Within electoral politics, governments, coalitions and parties may sometimes have two fairly equal leaders, as with:

 * The temporary First Whitlam Ministry of 5–19 December 1972, composed of Gough Whitlam and Lance Barnard, which was nicknamed the "duumvirate".
 * Marama Davidson and James Shaw as joint leaders of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.

Religious leaders
In addition to actual sharing of political power between religious and military leaders, as occurred in Tibet and Bhutan, the great soft power of a religious leader such as the Pope of the Catholic Church over a devout country can sometimes be described as a form of diarchy or corule.

Traditional leaders
The Kingdom of Eswatini is a diarchy in which the King (Ngwenyama) rules in conjunction with his mother, the queen mother (Ndlovukati) in their capacity as traditional rulers. Constitutionally, however, the King is the sole head of state, though it is often argued that the giving of authority wholesale to the royal male in this way is a neo-traditionalistic as opposed to truly traditional custom.

In fiction

 * In The Gondoliers by Gilbert and Sullivan, the fictional land of Barataria is ruled jointly for a while by two kings, who happen to be the gondoliers themselves.
 * Umbar, in the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, was ruled by a duumvirate. In its earliest years, Gondor was also ruled jointly by two kings, the two sons of Elendil. He himself was king of its sister realm Arnor, and served as high king over both realms.
 * The Omaticaya, the Na'vi clan at the center of the film Avatar, are traditionally led by a pair of married tribal chiefs. One of them, the husband, oversees political and military matters while the other one, the wife, is in charge of spiritual and otherwise ceremonial affairs.
 * The orbital colony New New York, in the Worlds trilogy by Joe Haldeman, is jointly governed by an elected Policy Coordinator and Engineering Coordinator.
 * The Federated Commonwealths of America, in A Different Flesh by Harry Turtledove, is modelled heavily on the Roman Republic, governed by two chief executives styled as Censors (although the offices are more akin to the position of Consul). With each one being able to veto the actions of the other, the election of two politically-opposed Censors was intended as a check on executive power. Censors serve a single non-renewable five-year term and (alongside commonwealth governors) become life-long-serving members of the Senate upon leaving office.
 * In Avenue 5, it is suggested that the Office of President of the United States became a duumvirate comprising a human and an artificial intelligence (reminiscent of a virtual assistant).
 * In My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, the nation of Equestria where most of the series takes place is shown to be a diarchy. While the older Princess Celestia is depicted as ruling on her own in the first season of the series, she is later joined by her younger sister Princess Luna as a co-ruler.
 * By the end of Legend of Korra, the Northern Water Tribe becomes a diarchy, ruled by the twins Desna and Eska, cousins to the title character.

title: Diarchy


text:
User talk:Wtmgeo

If someone wants to talk about my Saddam edits, I am willing.

title: User talk:Wtmgeo


text:
John Aspinall

John Aspinall may refer to:

 * John Aspinall (zoo owner) (1926–2000), English zoo owner and gambler
 * John Aspinall (engineer) (1851–1937), English engineer
 * John Aspinall (politician) (c. 1815–1865), English Conservative Party politician, Member of Parliament for Clitheroe 1853
 * John Aspinall (footballer) (born 1959), English footballer
 * John Aspinall (cricketer) (1877–1932), Irish cricketer

title: John Aspinall


text: User talk:81.71.21.29

title: User talk:81.71.21.29


text:
User talk:Manywhere

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
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I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Manywhere


text:
User talk:Arnesaele

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
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 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
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I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Arnesaele


text:
User talk:Not

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
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-- utcursch | talk

Orphaned fair use image (Image:MacPro-Promo.jpg)
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title: User talk:Not


text:
User talk:Morpheussleeps

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
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-- utcursch | talk

 Did you know has been updated and a fact from the article Zentropa, which you recently created, has been featured in that section on the Main Page. If you have another interesting fact to submit, then please suggest it at the section's talk page. - [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 11:14, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Morpheussleeps


text:
User talk:Ibtuten

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Ibtuten


text:
Qarun

Qarun may refer to:

 * Qárún, in Islam
 * Qarun, Iran, a village in Kerman province, Iran
 * Qarun District, an administrative district of Dezpart County, Khuzestan province, Iran
 * Birket Qarun, a saltwater lake in Egypt, formerly known as Lake Moeris

title: Qarun


text:
User talk:Notthe9

Rae Welcoming Mike
Hey there, Mike. Fancy seeing you here. rae 22:27, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Bachelor of Science in the US
Hey, Notthe9.

In the third paragraph of the Bachelor of Engineering page, it is conveyed that a Bachelor of Science is much less commonly awarded than a BE, although your recent addition to the eduation section of the Civil engineering, along wtih anecdotal evidence from US civil engieering magazines, suggests that the BS is almost always awarded instead of a BE.

I think you are in an optimum postion to clear up this matter for me, what is the status of a BE in the US? --Commander Keane

 * I am a Civil Engineering student in the US. I have never seen a school offer a Bachelor's of Engineering degree here.  In most job ads I see, reference will be made to BSCE as a requirement (bachelor's of science in civil engineering).  At an undergraduate level in the US, you generally only see degrees of "science" and "arts" in various fields.

 * Looking online for examples of a BE from a respected university, some the the examples even included discussion where people assumed that others meant BS and started talking from that perspective.

 * I think I'll try to do something about the BE article, but I don't know much about the international climate. I might ask some professors I know who got Engineering degrees in other countries (Brazil, Italy, Kuwait) what types of degrees were offered, and ask for some input from other Wikipedians.

 * Mike Graham Notthe9 18:58, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Av
Hi, it looks like you originated the article on Av (month), so I was wondering - do you have a source on the folklore about eating pig meat? I feel a little stupid but I don't know anything about it, so I was wondering whether you could give me a source so I could work on expanding that section. It's especially interesting to have folklore about the consequences of eating traif. :-) Matthew Platts 23:02, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * I just messed with the names and such of a few articles. That's not my content.  You may find the history of the article at "Ab."  Here is a link to the history of Ab.  Notthe9 15:07, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Slavery
Thanks for the catch on Slavery Triona 05:38, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * My honor. Glad to be of help here.  Notthe9 05:49, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

The Great Imposter
Hiya... I haven't been back to the Fred Demara page since I started on Wikipedia last year. I fell short of the 'be bold' advice. Your POV comment encourages me to go back and redo the whole article. (Demara at one time belonged to the religious order that ran my high school, so he's always been a favorite character.) — OtherDave 20:33, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm glad if I might have been able to make an impact on you. I appreciate all your work and zeal for the subject matter.  I found out about Demara just a couple weeks ago visiting the Texas Prison Museum in Huntsville, TX, which has a blurb about him and especially his time working for the system there in Huntsville.  I was interested to read about him, and might try to check out The Great Imposter through Interlibrary loan.  Thanks again. Notthe9 19:27, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Just curious
I notice that you slapped an "unreferenced" tag on Young's modulus.

I also notice that you failed to provide any references your change of the symbol from Y to E.

Why is that? Seems pretty strange to me.

Of course, if talk page references count, and external links on the article page itself, then the article is not unreferenced. But none of that was put on the talk page. I'd think you'd want to set a good example, if you are going to run around slapping those tags on articles. Gene Nygaard 16:21, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I realize that I did not provide a reference in the article for my notation change to the article. (I did explain my motivation on the talk page, noting several texts.)  There is, as best as I could notice, only one external link in the article, which still would tend to put it in the category, "This article does not cite its references or sources."  Most pressing (it seems to me) would be that table, which tends to lack citation for pure data, rather than an explanation of some pretty fundamental principles.  The table does have a source mentioned in the talk page, but that page appears not to be available anymore.
 * But yes, I realize I did not do any citation myself. As I said on the talk page earlier, "I will try to remember to do some work on [citation] myself."  I do not plan on actually citing for the page that E is used (for this is a matter of notation), but would like to cite appropriate facts; I leave the explanation for that choice of notation on the talk page.  I think this E notation is good to match standard practice (matching the symbols in the books I listed in the talk page, for example) as well as consistancy with other articles like Elastic modulus and Hooke's law. Notthe9 17:31, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Reading week
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is Reading week. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/Reading week. Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate.

Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:11, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of The Big D

The article The Big D has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Doesn't meet WP:NOTABILITY criteria

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Boleyn (talk) 09:12, 27 December 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Notthe9


text:
User talk:Eltakko

Image source problem with Image:Oaetch2000.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Oaetch2000.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 00:07, 4 September 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Jusjih 00:07, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Cripple Smash

The article Cripple Smash has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Unreferenced, non-notable BBS door game. A search for reliable sources brought up nothing.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Gobōnobō + c 16:06, 24 March 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eltakko


text:
User talk:Sirvulcan

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Sirvulcan


text:
User talk:Orinthe

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

Youkoso. :P
Just wanted to say hi. I noticed your post on the New Users page (I too am a new user), and I was just wondering where you are in Japan, how you're enjoying it, etc. I studied at Jouchi Daigaku in Tokyo, in the spring/summer of 2003, and I miss Tokyo & Japan terribly; I'm applying to JET, though, so I might get to go back soon. You said you're a CoSi major, so I dunno if it's your thing, but I've been writing mainly Japanese history entries - if you have anything to contribute to my entries, I welcome it.

ja ne.

LordAmeth 13:26, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Japan taskforces
In order to encourage more participation, and to help people find a specific area in which they are more able to help out, we have organized taskforces at WikiProject Japan. Please visit the Participants page and update the list with the taskforces in which you wish to participate. Links to all the taskforces are found at the top of the list of participants.

Please let me know if you have any questions, and thank you for helping out! ··· 日本穣 ? · Talk to Nihonjoe 01:04, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Asian 10,000 Challenge invite
Hi. The WikiProject Asia/The 10,000 Challenge has recently started, based on the UK/Ireland The 10,000 Challenge and WikiProject Africa/The 10,000 Challenge. The idea is not to record every minor edit, but to create a momentum to motivate editors to produce good content improvements and creations and inspire people to work on more countries than they might otherwise work on. There's also the possibility of establishing smaller country or regional challenges for places like South East Asia, Japan/China or India etc, much like The 1000 Challenge (Nordic). For this to really work we need diversity and exciting content and editors from a broad range of countries regularly contributing. At some stage we hope to run some contests to benefit Asian content, a destubathon perhaps, aimed at reducing the stub count would be a good place to start, based on the current WikiProject Africa/The Africa Destubathon which has produced near 200 articles in just three days. If you would like to see this happening for Asia, and see potential in this attracting more interest and editors for the country/countries you work on please sign up and being contributing to the challenge! This is a way we can target every country of Asia, and steadily vastly improve the encyclopedia. We need numbers to make this work so consider signing up as a participant! Thank you. -- Ser Amantio di Nicolao Che dicono a Signa?Lo dicono a Signa. 11:28, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Orinthe


text:
Georg Mehlis

Georg Mehlis (8 March 1878 in Hanover – 13 November 1942 Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German neo-Kantian philosopher. Initially he was a philosopher of history in the style of Heinrich Rickert.

He edited (with Richard Kroner) Logos, Internationale Zeitschrift für Philosophie der Kultur, from 1910 (Logos was the title from 1912), with contributions by many leading German intellectual figures; which had an Italian stable-mate from 1914.

He turned in the 1920s to an interest in mysticism; and then wrote books on fascism. His ideas on aesthetics have been taken up by Suzanne Langer.

Works

 * Die Geschichtsphilosophie Auguste Comtes (1909)
 * Einführing in ein Systeme der Religionsphilosophie (1917)
 * Probleme der Ethik (1918)
 * Über Formen der modernen Lyrik und Epik (Axel Lübbe). Eine kunstphilosophische Studie (1922)
 * Die deutsche Romantik (1922)
 * Plotin (1924)
 * Die Mystik in der Fülle ihrer Erscheinungsformen in allen Zeiten und Kulturen (1927)
 * Die Idee Mussolinis und der Sinn des Faschismus (1928)
 * Der Staat Mussolinis (1929)
 * Philosophie der Gegenwart (1932)
 * Freiheit und Faschismus (1934)

title: Georg Mehlis


text:
User:Nicki.Daniel

I love the idea of Wikipedia. I often use it, and when I'm able to contribute to improve it, I'm happy to do so...

title: User:Nicki.Daniel


text:
Jean-Baptiste Perrée

Jean-Baptiste Perrée (19 December 1761 – 18 February 1800 ) was a French Navy officer and Rear-admiral.

Career
Born to a family of sailors in Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, Perrée started sailing in 1773 at the age of twelve as a boy on the merchantman Glorieuse, under his father. In the course of the following twenty years, he steadily rose in rank in the merchant navy, took part in a campaign on the fluyt Boulonnaise in the French Royal Navy as an aid-pilot, and earned his commission of Sea captain in 1785.

Commerce raiding on Proserpine
In 1793, when France declared war to England on the backdrop of the War of the First Coalition, Perrée enlisted in the Navy as an acting Ensign. In September 1793, he was reported to be commanding a frigate squadron in the Western Mediterranean, fighting the inconclusive Action of 22 October 1793 against Captain Horatio Nelson.

Promoted to acting Lieutenant in May 1794, and took command of the frigate Proserpine in April 1794 to conduct Commerce raiding operations; in his eight-month campaign, he captured over 63 British merchantmen and a 32-gun Dutch frigate on 21 May.

On 13 September 1794, Perrée was Captain, and was appointed to command a naval division in the Mediterranean, comprising the frigate Alceste, under Lieutenant Lejoille, and the 18-gun brig Hazard, under Lieutenant Leduc. The division returned to Toulon on 10 October.

He set sail for another mission on 15 November, this time on Minerve, in consort with Alceste and the 20-gun corvette Brune, under Ensign Deniéport. The division cruised in the Mediterranean and sailed for a diplomatic mission to Tunis before returning to Toulon on 29 December.

On 4 February 1795, Perrée cruised again on Minerve, this time in consort with the frigate Sérieuse, under Lieutenant Saunier. The two frigates cruised in the Mediterranean together until Sérieuse detached to ferry funds to Algiers. Minerve returned to Toulon on 24 February, and Sérieuse, on 20 May.

In September 1795, was given command of a four-frigate and two-corvette squadron to prey on British shipping off the Western coast of Africa and raid their settlements; during the campaign, he captured 54 merchantmen.

On 26 April 1796, Perrée departed with the Mediterranean squadron, commanding the brand-new frigate Diane and ferrying diplomats, supplies and ammunitions to Constantinople until 14 November.

In early 1797, Perrée took command of the naval division of the Adriatic Sea as a Rear-Admiral. The division comprised the frigate Diane, under Lieutenant Hubert; the corvette Brune, still under Deniéport, who was promoted to Commander; the gunboat Frimaire, under Ensign Suply; and the brig ''Jason, under Lieutenant Sénéquier.

In early 1799, Perrée commanded the naval station of the Syrian coasts, part of the Mediterranean squadron, with his flag on the frigate Junon.

Campaign in Egypt and the action of 18 June 1799
In the Mediterranean squadron, Perrée took command of the 74-gun Mercure, but was replaced by Lieutenant Cambon after the landing of the troops.

With the rank of captain, Perrée acted as a chief of division during the French expedition to Egypt: General Bonaparte appointed him to the Nile flotilla, where he commanded a squadron of shebeks and other light craft. On 13 July, the flotilla fought against Egyptian fluvial ships and forts while supplying food and ammunition to the French Army, and Perrée managed to captured some of these ships and ward off the others. Wounded during the prelude of the Battle of Shubra Khit, Perée was promoted to Rear-admiral on the insistence of Bonaparte, and received a sabre of honour inscribed "Bataille de Chabreis" on one side of the blade, and "Donné par le général Bonaparte" on the other.

When the French campaign in the Middle East turned to Syria, Perrée took command of a squadron of three frigates and two brigs, survivors of the Battle of the Nile, to ferry supplies and artillery for the Army in spite of the Ottoman and British blockades. The squadron comprised the frigates Junon (Commander Pourquier ), Courageuse (Captain Trullet ) and Alceste (Captain Barré), and the brigs Salamine (Lieutenant Landry ) and Alerte (Demay ). Arrived at Jaffa, the frigates unloaded their cargo, and furthermore shared their own ammunition, leaving the frigates with only 15 shots per gun; Junon also landed four of her 18-pounder long guns.

The division then established a blockade to complete the Siege of Acre. On 14 May, it was chased by two enemy ships of the line and a frigate, under Sidney Smith, which it quickly eluded. In spite of specific orders to land in Europe only if he could not possibly do otherwise, Perrée conferred with his officers and decided that his low supplies made it necessary for him to return to Toulon, by way of Lampedusa, where he would replenish his water.

At 60 miles from Toulon, on 18 June 1799, Perrée's division met a 30-ship fleet under Lord Keith; a 28-hour chase started and in the ensuing Action of 18 June 1799, all of Perrée's ships were captured.

Perrée was taken prisoner and exchanged almost immediately. Court-martialled from 6 October to 25 November 1799 for the loss of his ships by a court presided by Vice-admiral Thévenard, the court found that the superior Ottoman and British forces off Syria, the partial disarmament of the frigates and their low food and water supplies had been legitimate reasons for Perrée to return to Toulon. Perrée was then honourably acquitted on a unanimous decision of the council.

Battle of the Malta Convoy
From 28 November, he took command of a naval division tasked to ferry food supplies from Toulon to Malta, with his flag on the 74-gun Généreux.

From 28 November, Perrée was appointed to command a small naval division tasked with supplying Malta. The division was composed of the 74-gun Généreux (under Captain Cyprien Renaudin) as flagship, the 20-gun corvettes Badine and Fauvette, the 16-gun Sans Pareille and the fluyt Ville de Marseille (under Joseph Allemand).

Perrée's division departed on 26 January 1800, but soon after, Généreux broke her mizzen tops and her main topgallant off Hyères, and had to double back for repairs. The division set sail again on 10 February 1800 and arrived off La Valette only a week later, due to adverse weather. On 18, off Lampedusa, Généreux investigated a strange sail which turned out to be a British ship rejoining two sails on the horizon. Perrée ordered his squadron to flee, but Ville de Marseille was overhauled by the 74-gun HMS Alexander in the next morning, and struck her colours at 8:30.

The rest of the British squadron, comprising the 74-gun HMS Alexander, Northumberland and Foudroyant, and the 32-gun frigate HMS Success, part of Keith's fleet blockading the Malta, continued the chase.

In the afternoon, Perrée spotted two further ships, HMS Audacious and Lion, in the North-North-West; he ordered his corvettes to adjust course, Sans-Pareille sustaining a broadsite from Alexander in the process, and gave liberty of maneuver to his captains. Généreux headed East, but found herself surrounded from all directions. Perrée had anchors, boats and forage supplies throwned overboard, but at 3:15, the frigate HMS Success audaciously intercepted and engaged the much more powerful Généreux, hoping to delay her enough for the British ships of the line to catch up. By 4:30, the British 74-guns had overhauled Généreux and were raking her.

A shot from the first broadside threw splinters into Perrée's left eye, temporarily blinding him. Remaining on deck, he called to his crew "Ce n'est rien, mes amis, continuons notre besogne" ("It is nothing, my friends, continue with your work") and gave orders for the ship to be turned, when a cannonball from the second broadside from Success tore his right leg off at the thigh. Perrée collapsed unconscious on the deck. Généreux continued to resist until 5:30, when, overpowered, she struck her colours.

Perrée died of his wounds in the evening. On Nelson's orders, he was inhumed in Saint Lucy church in the Dominican convent of Syracuse.

title: Jean-Baptiste Perrée


text:
User talk:Exiang

Hi, my real name is Tan Yee Siang. I am from Malacca, Malaysia. I know chinese, english and malay and hopefully can help out in wikipedia.

title: User talk:Exiang


text:
Talk:Acclamator

Untitled
Removed comparison of Acclamator to a real world ship. The comparison is bizzare. As has been said elsewhere, Star Wars ships are not comparable to ships in real life. Sanguinus 10:41, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * They can be compared to amphibious assault ships, which is where the in-universe designation comes from. VT-16 13:17, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Removed some text in exchange for a line noting the Acclamators fighting in the Galactic Civil War, as per the RTS game currently due for a November 2005 release. VT-16 13:17, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acclamator


text: User talk:194.83.172.81

title: User talk:194.83.172.81


text:
Magdalena tinamou

The Magdalena tinamou, Crypturellus erythropus saltuarius, is a member of one of the most ancient bird families, the tinamous. It is endemic to the Magdalena River Valley in Colombia, and had been considered possibly extinct, because of an absence of confirmed records since the type specimen was collected in 1943. The most recent review consider it likely that it is extant, as locals have reported sightings in the 1970s and 1980s, an individual was apparently held in captivity until the early 1990s, and a few patches of forest remain in its presumed range. Additionally, a record was made in late 2008. It was rediscovered in 2023.

It is sometimes treated as a distinct species, and sometimes as a subspecies of the red-legged tinamou. The SACC rejected a proposal to elevate it to species status, arguing that the presently available data fail to support the split. BirdLife International have followed this treatment; hence the Magdalena Tinamou was dropped from the 2008 IUCN Red List.

Etymology
Crypturellus is formed from three Latin or Greek words. kruptos meaning covered or hidden, oura meaning tail, and ellus meaning diminutive. Therefore Crypturellus means small hidden tail.

Description
The Magdalena tinamou is similar to red-legged tinamou. Its total length is approximately 27 to(-). It is a medium-sized, brown tinamou. Its upperparts are dark ruddy with black barring on rump, it has brown wings that have buff barring, it has paler underparts with dark barring on its lower flanks and vent, and its chin is white with a greyish tinge to its throat.

Ecology
The type specimen was taken in Ayacucho in the Cesar Department, and the only other known specimen (although its present whereabouts is unknown) was taken near Mariquita in the Tolima Department (often erroneously listed as being in the Neiva Department [sic]). Both are in the Magdalena River Valley of Colombia. This species has traditionally been considered to inhabit of dry deciduous forest and savanna, but the latter is now believed to be mistaken, and the classification of the forest as "dry" has perhaps been overstated. It may still survive in the few remnant foothill forests on the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental, and also on the eastern slope of the Serranía de San Lucas. The type specimen was taken at an altitude of about 150 m, while the second specimen was taken at an altitude of about 500 m.

Status and conservation
The Magdalena tinamou is probably threatened from hunting and deforestation. The habitat in which it is found has been heavily modified for agriculture. Large areas of the Magdalena River Valley had been converted to pasture or cultivated as early as the mid-18th century, and most of the remaining wet forest was cleared during a government-sponsored colonisation and infrastructure development programme in the 1960s and 1970s. Flat alluvial portions of the valley are now used for intensive rice and cotton production, while undulating terrain has been converted to pastureland. This left only approximately 1-2% of old secondary and primary forest. However, recent research collected information by local inhabitants suggesting that this bird still survives; tinamous are notoriously cryptic and not easily found. A recording was made near the type locality by Colombian ornithologist Oswaldo Cortés in late 2008. In addition to confirming the continued existence of the Magdalena tinamou, it is hoped the recording (the first of the Magdalena tinamou) can be used to better establish its taxonomic status (species or subspecies) through comparisons with recordings of other red-legged tinamou subspecies. The absence of data beyond plumage (e.g. vocal analysis) was the main arguments presented by the SACC in 2006 for not accepting the Magdalena tinamou as a separate species.

No conservation effort is currently underway. However, it was proposed to conduct ornithological surveys and interviews in San Calixto/Convención and the foothills on the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental above Pailitas, the eastern foothills of Serranía de San Lucas, and between Pailitas and La Jagua de Ibirico. It was also proposed to locate surviving forest patches using aerial photographs and assess the species's taxonomic position.

As mentioned above, the Magdalena tinamou has been removed from the IUCN Red List, where now considered a subspecies of the widespread red-legged tinamou. The Magdalena tinamou was classified as Critically Endangered: D in the 2006 Red List, uplisted from Endangered in 1994.

title: Magdalena tinamou


text:
Wachenbrunn transmitter

The Wachenbrunn transmitter was a large broadcasting facility for medium wave in Wachenbrunn near Themar, Thuringia, Germany, established in the 1950s. Until 1993 the main transmitter of this facility, the medium wave transmitter for 882 kHz was run with 250 kilowatts. In that year the transmission power of this transmitter, which was formerly used for transmitting the "Voice of DDR" and since the beginning of the 1990s for "MDR info" was reduced to 20 kilowatts.

History
Since 1988 the transmitter Wachenbrunn has also been the site of a medium wave transmitter of the Russian foreign radio service Voice of Russia (formerly Radio Moskau) on 1323 kHz. This transmitter is similar to the transmitter of "MDR info" run by Deutsche Telekom. In the afternoon and evening, a programme of the Voice of Russia was transmitted in German. With a power of 1000 kW, this transmitter was the third strongest in Germany. It used a directional aerial consisting of four 125.1 metre (407 feet) high guyed steeltube framework masts insulated against ground with triangular cross section. These masts, which were locally called the "Russian Quartet", were located 800 metres (½ mile) away from the other parts of the facility, in order to avoid undesirable interference. For the transmission of the radio frequency power a cage line from the transmitter, which was located close to the transmitter of "MDR info" and the "Russian Quartet", was used until the modernisation of the facility in 2002–2003. In the course of the modernization, a completely transistorized transmitter with a power of 1,000 kilowatts was installed in an old store building close to the "Russian Quartet". Therefore, the cage line was for its greatest parts obsolete and therefore shortened. By shortening the transmission line and installation of the new transmitter the efficiency was increased to 84%. During the modernisation the masts of the "Russian Quartet", which had until that point of time a grey colour, were painted red-white.

MDR Info transmissions from Wachenbrunn transmitter on 882 kHz ceased on 30 June 2011. An automated announcement notified listeners until 10:00 on 4 July 2011 of the closure. The 882 kHz transmitter was demolished on 14 July 2011.

The 1323 kHz transmitter used by the Voice of Russia and Universelles Leben was not affected by the closure, as it operated from a separate site located about 1 km from the first. However, the high power has been the cause of complaints from nearby residents about interference to electrical equipment.

Voice of Russia announced in December 2012 that they intended to cease medium wave transmissions from Germany for financial reasons from 1 January 2013. Besides Wachenbrunn, this also involved the transmitter sites in Cremlingen-Abbenrode and Wilsdruff. Wachenbrunn transmitter site was switched off as scheduled on 31 December 2012 at 23:00.

The remaining four transmitting masts were demolished on 19 September 2013 at 14:55, ending the existence of the transmitter site.

Solar power plant
On 12 March 2015 the construction of a solar power plant started on the location of the former 882 kHz transmitter site. On 13 May 2015 it was connected to the network.

Facility
As an aerial two guyed steel tube masts insulated against ground with heights of 142.8 metres (464 feet) were used. One of these masts had been a reflector mast at Berlin-Köpenick transmitter site until 1988, before it was dismantled and rebuilt at Wachenbrunn. This type of transmission aerial allowed a better radiation toward the south-west. Furthermore, until the mid-1990s there was a triangle area aerial and a small guyed mast, which was insulated to ground. Neither installation still exists.

title: Wachenbrunn transmitter


text:
Talk:Beatty's theorem

This article now redirects to Beatty sequence. Geometry guy 16:16, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Notation
I am not very familiar with math notations. What doe $$ 1p $$ mean? 1*p or 1 prefixed before p? -- Sundar 10:50, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * 1 times p. Or, in other words, simply p. It's kind of redundant to specify multiplication by one, but it was probably done to clarify the sequence.   — Gwalla | Talk 17:13, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * IMO that sequences are clear enough even without it, so I'm going to delete it.

Diagram for Beatty's theorem
Here's a pair of diagrams which neatly illustrate the theorem.

www3.telus.net/ldh/math/beatty.htm

Maybe somebody who knows Wiki better than I do can insert these diagrams, or similar ones, into the article. Notice also that the theorem can be extended from lines of the form

y/x = positive irrational constant

to curves that go through no lattice point.

title: Talk:Beatty's theorem


text:
Blachernitissa

Blachernitissa (Βλαχερνίτισσα), also called Theotokos of Blachernae (Θεοτόκος των Βλαχερνών, Θεοτόκος η Βλαχερνίτισσα) or Our Lady of Blachernae (Παναγία η Βλαχερνίτισσα), is a 7th-century encaustic icon representing the Most Holy Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary. It is also the name given to the Church built in honour of the Virgin Mary in the Blachernae section of Constantinople. The name Blachernae possibly derived from the name of a Vlach (sometimes written as Blach or Blasi), who came to Constantinople from the lower Danube.

Byzantine palladium
The Theotokos was considered to be the intercessory protectress par excellence of Constantinople and, indeed, of the entire Eastern Roman Empire (called "Byzantium" by some modern Western scholars). Blachernitissa is unusual among Orthodox icons in that it is not flat, but is formed in bas relief. According to Sacred Tradition, the icon Blachernitissa was made of wax combined with the ashes of Christian martyrs who had been killed in the 6th century. The Church of St. Mary of Blachernae (which hosted the icon) was sited close to the Blachernae imperial palace.

Reappearance
The icon was believed to have been lost after the fire that destroyed the church on February 29, 1434, although in later centuries its disappearance came to be associated with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Like many holy objects of Byzantine tradition, the Blachernitissa (or a copy thereof) resurfaced on Mount Athos in the mid-17th century.

Whether it is the same icon that was kept in Blachernae is a matter of scholarly debate, as the ancient icon is believed to have been of the Orans type, whereas the Athonite icon is of a style called Hodegetria (literally, "She who leads the way"). It has been suggested that the Athonite icon had its origins in the Blachernae quarter and perhaps even resided in the Church of St. Mary before being transferred to Mount Athos for "security reasons".

It was in 1653 that the icon was sent by the Athonite monks to Moscow as their gift to Tsar Alexis. A Constantinople merchant, Demetrios Costinari, brought it to Moscow on October 16, 1653, with a letter from Patriarch Paisius I that endorsed the icon's authenticity. He was met by the Tsar in person, and Alexis had the icon enshrined in Moscow's main church, the Dormition Cathedral, opposite Russia's protectress, the Theotokos of Vladimir.

Veneration in Muscovy
Paul of Aleppo, who accompanied the Patriarch of Antioch to Moscow in early 1655, was impressed by the reverence in which the icon was held. According to his account, the Blachernitissa appears as "if she had a bodily form" and "it stands out against the background so strongly", that the viewer is penetrated with awe. It was encased in a sumptuous chasuble glittering with gold and precious stones, so that only the hands and the face of the Theotokos were left visible. Paul proceeds to describe how the Tsar had it placed in front of his own seat in a sledge and took it with him on the Smolensk campaign.

The 1650s were a time when the Russian Church, steered by Patriarch Nikon, began to place great store on renewing its ties with the older members of the Pentarchy. This emphasis dovetailed neatly with the prevailing Third Rome doctrine which saw Moscow as the successor to Constantinople. With this in mind, the metochion sent the newly recovered Byzantine relic to Moscow and was "handsomely remunerated" with 800 dinars from the Tsar's coffers.

Study and restoration
When placed in the Kremlin, the icon was in disrepair from old age and use, so that Simon Ushakov and Nikita Pavlovets had to be summoned for "repairs" in 1674. Nikodim Kondakov was unable to determine the icon's age due to this and later restorations, which involved some amount of overpainting, but felt reasonably certain that "the composition was of ancient date".

The carved high relief icon has similarities to a set of 13th-century icons of St. George from the Crimea, Ohrid, and Castoria. An original Greek inscription recently discovered under the coat of wax paints has a parallel in a lead seal from a Trapezunt monastery, also datable to the 13th century. Thus the 13th century seems to be emerging as the most likely date for the icon.

Replicas
The Blachernitissa never rose to the height of veneration accorded by the Russian Orthodox Church to the Theotokos of Kazan or even to the Theotokos of the Iveron, an Athonite icon whose copy was commissioned by Patriarch Nikon. After Nikon's downfall and Alexis's death, the icon was neglected so much that it was not evacuated from the Kremlin during Napoleon's occupation and was put at risk during the Great Fire of 1812.

title: Blachernitissa


text:
Laktionov

Laktionov  may refer to:

 * Aleksandr Ivanovich Laktionov, acclaimed Socialist realism painter in the post-war Soviet Union.
 * Aleksandr Laktionov (footballer), Russian football player.
 * Denis Laktionov, South Korean-Russian football player.
 * Serhiy Laktionov, Ukrainian football player and manager.
 * Laktionov Island, sub-Antarctic island.

title: Laktionov


text:
Bovet

Bovet is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Daniel Bovet (1907–1992), Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist
 * Édouard Bovet (1797–1849), Swiss watchmaker, founder of Bovet Fleurier
 * George Bovet (1874–1946), Swiss politician
 * Guy Bovet (born 1942), Swiss organist and composer
 * Jorys Bovet (born 1993), French politician
 * Claude Bovet (born 1965), Swiss, Founder/Owner of hedge fund firm Lionscrest and Founder/Owner/CEO of GT racing team Blackthorn as well as racing driver

title: Bovet


text:
Anti-Nowhere League

Anti-Nowhere League are an English punk rock band, formed in 1979 by lead singer Animal (Nick Culmer), guitarist Magoo (Chris Exall), Bones (Tony Shaw) on drums and Chris Elvy on bass.

Early days
The band first played at the 1980 Chaos Show at St Mark's Hall, Royal Tunbridge Wells on 31 March 1980. They signed to John Curd's record label WXYZ Records in the same year.

November 1981 saw the release of their first single, a cover version of Ralph McTell's "Streets of London". The single peaked at No. 48 in the UK Singles Chart and spent five weeks in the listings. The profanity-laden B-side of the single, "So What" later became the group's anthem. Copies of this single were seized from indie distributor Pinnacle by the Metropolitan Police's Obscene Publication Squad shortly after release.

In 1982 the band released their debut album, We Are...The League. It reached No. 24 in the UK Albums Chart, and spent eleven weeks in the chart. In the same year the band went to Yugoslavia to record a live album, called Live In Yugoslavia. This album spent one week at No. 88 in the UK Albums Chart.

1984 to 1989
In 1984, PJ left the band, and they became musically inactive. 1985 saw Michael Bettell join on drums, followed in 1986 by JB (Jonathan Birch). During this time they signed for GWR Records, and recorded The Perfect Crime album.

In 1987, Anti-Nowhere League disbanded. However, there was a belated 'farewell' show at the Victoria Hall in Tunbridge Wells, in 1989, which was recorded and can be heard on their live album, Live Animals.

Comeback
In 1992, Animal was told by JB that Metallica wanted him to guest at Wembley Arena, when they did their cover version of "So What". Animal put it thus on ANL's website. "As I waited on the edge of the stage waiting to go on it suddenly dawned on me I was just about to stand in front of 10,000 punters who didn't know me from Adam and sing a song that I couldn't fucking remember; all that kept running through my head was RUN you silly old fucker!". However, after the 25 October show, Mark joined that year on lead guitar, and 1993–1995 was spent playing gigs in the small venues the band had started out in.

Michael Bettell died in September 2003, aged 41, from a brain tumour.

In 1996, they signed up with Impact Records and recorded their next EP Pig Iron. Beef also joined the band. Further personnel changes occurred in 1997 when Winston left the band to be replaced by Jon Jon, and the recording of the album Scum. Winston Blake returned to his former occupation of a roofer and leadworker and lives in East Sussex. Danny joined on drums in 1998, and the album Out of Control was released a year later in 1999.

In 2001, Magoo quit the band.

2002–present
Jon Jon, Beef and Danny left the band, to be replaced by PJ (original drummer), Jez on guitar and Shady on bass. This line-up released the band's fifth studio album, Kings and Queens in 2005, which was released on the Captain Oi! record label. However, there were arguments over the omission of two songs from that album, "The Day The World Turned Gay" and "The Adventures Of Peter Vile". Lawyers for Captain Oi! refused to sanction the release of these two songs because of fear of litigation, so Nick (Animal) eventually relented and let the album be released with the two disputed songs omitted.

In 2006, the band set up their own independent record label, Nowhere Records; with Pig Iron - The Album being the first release in August 2006. The album included the two songs omitted from the Kings and Queens album, as well as "Landlord", taken from the Out Of Control album. The same year, the Anti-Nowhere League undertook a twenty nine date UK tour, and PJ left the band after the Glasgow gig in October 2006. His replacement was Dave Hazlewood (Nato), from the small Kent town of Cranbrook, who had filled in before on tours. On 8 November 2006, the ANL began a three-week tour of Australia and New Zealand. On 26 October, the band joined Angelic Upstarts, Sham 69 and The Damned for the academy in the UK 2006: 30th Anniversary of Punk gig at London's Shepherd's Bush Empire.

The Anti-Nowhere League supported Rancid at their Leeds gig on 8 November 2008. In December 2008, Jez was replaced on lead guitar by Johhny Skullknuckles. The League continued to tour and record, and now promote their new songs with videos. After a mini European tour in late spring 2009, they embarked on an American tour in June and July 2009, before appearing at the Punk Rebellion festival in Blackpool. After touring Germany and the Netherlands in early May 2010, the band and Johhny Skullknuckles parted company and Tommy H (Tom Hunt) was drafted in on guitar.

In 2011, the band recorded the "This Is War" single, and accompanying video, which was followed by a tour with the UK Subs supporting Motörhead on a number of UK dates. At the 2012 Download Festival, the band appeared on the Pepsi Max stage hours before Metallica filled the main stage as headliners.

During the later months of 2015 writing began for the album The Cage, the first fresh studio album since Rampton. During this time, drummer Dave 'Nato' Hazlewood left the band. 'The Cage album saw another slight change in direction, with a heavier, and more direct sound. It was released by Cleopatra Records in 2016.

2017 saw the band record and release a collection of classic reggae covers under the title League Style, Loosen Up Vol I.

Members

 * Nick "Animal" Culmer - vocals (1980–present)
 * Tom "Tommy-H" Hunt - guitars (2012–present)
 * Matt "Biff" Lucas - bass (2024–present)
 * Sammy "Carnage" Carne - drums (2015–present)

Former members

 * Barnsy - bass (2017–present)
 * Chris "Magoo" Exall - guitars (1980-2001)
 * Tony "Bones" Shaw - drums (1980-1981)
 * Chris "Baggy" Elvey - bass (1980-1981)
 * Clive "Winston" Blake - bass (1981-1997)
 * Hooper
 * Djahanshah "P.J." Aghssa - drums (1981-1983), (2002-2006)
 * Mark "Gilly" Gilham - guitars (1983-1989)
 * Jonathan "JB" Birch - drums (1983-1989) one-off show in 2022
 * "Revvin Kev" - drums (1991-1998)
 * Beef - guitars (1996-2002)
 * Jon Jon - bass (1997-2002)
 * Danny - drums (1998-2002)
 * Jez - guitars (2002-2008)
 * Johhny Skullknuckles - guitars (2008-2010)
 * Dave 'Nato' Hazlewood - drums (2006-2015) one off show in 2023
 * shady - bass (2002-2017)

Discography

 * We Are…The League (1982)
 * The Perfect Crime (1987)
 * Scum (1997)
 * Kings and Queens (2005)
 * The Road to Rampton (2007)
 * We Are...The League...Un-cut (2014)
 * The Cage (2016)
 * League Style (2017)

title: Anti-Nowhere League