text:
List of Red Dwarf characters

This is a list of characters from the TV sitcom Red Dwarf.

Ace Rimmer
Arnold "Ace" Rimmer is an alter-ego of Arnold Rimmer, also played by Chris Barrie. Ace first appears in the episode "Dimension Jump" (S4,E5) and is the antithesis of Rimmer. He is modest despite being a popular, knowledgeable, charming, daredevil hero. He comes from a seemingly perfect universe, in which Rimmer and Lister lived happy, successful lives and were good friends.

Ace's childhood paralleled Rimmer's up until the age of seven, when one of them was kept down a year at school while the other was not. The one kept down became Ace, who claimed that the shame of being a clear foot taller than his classmates inspired him to buckle down, fight back, and work hard, while Arnold spent the rest of his life making excuses for his many failures.

Ace travels from planet to planet wearing a gold, fur-lined flight suit and saving people's lives. He was originally a test pilot for the Space Corps in his own universe, which also features an alter ego of Lister (nicknamed 'Spanners' by Ace) who is a flight engineer married to Kochanski and has twin sons, Jim and Bexley (the exact family to which the regular Lister always aspired). Ace's other friends included the Space Corps chaplain (played by The Cat actor Danny John-Jules), a receptionist named Mellie (played by Holly actress Hattie Hayridge), and Admiral Sir James Tranter, a superior officer whom Ace nicknames 'Bongo' (played by Kryten actor Robert Llewellyn). Despite being a happily married heterosexual, Bongo has a crush on Ace, who takes it in stride despite not reciprocating his feelings. Unlike Rimmer who desperately wanted to be an officer but turned out to be a vending machine attendant - Ace is a commander, but is always modest about the attention he receives. He spends time with Spanners, the engineering crew, and the enlisted men/ratings. He even refused to attend a lavish party his fellow officers threw for him, instead planning to go to a smaller one with Spanners and the enlisted.

Ace was offered the chance to pilot a brand-new spacecraft, one that can cross dimensions - leading to him meeting the Red Dwarf crew. Rimmer was instantly bitter that Ace was everything he dreamed of becoming himself. Ace had hoped that Rimmer was like him, but later regarded him as a "weasly maggot". In contrast, Ace and Lister became firm friends, prompting a lot of snide remarks from Rimmer about their 'relationship.'

Following his visit to Red Dwarf, Ace extended his adventures through the multi-verse and meeting many alternative versions of himself. When he finally became unable to carry on ("Stoke Me a Clipper"-S7,E2), he passed his legacy on to another version of himself, who became a new Ace. In turn, when it was the new Ace's time, he passed the torch on. As each Ace died, their light bees were sent in orbit in small yellow 'coffins' around an unknown planet, and by the time Red Dwarf's Rimmer took on the mantle in "Stoke Me a Clipper", the billions of Ace Rimmers who came before him had formed a golden ring similar to Saturn's (and resembling the logo of the TV series).

Ace's catchphrase is "Smoke me a kipper, I'll be back for breakfast!", and a running gag in the series is that everyone who encounters Ace exclaims "What a guy!" in adoration, once even in German: "Was für ein Kerl!"

After encountering a polymorph in "Emohawk: Polymorph II" (S6,E4), the original hologram Rimmer is robbed of his emotional bitterness, and as result takes on a personality identical to Ace. The now brave and heroic Rimmer saves the lives of the crew when the Emohawk turns into a grenade, but must reluctantly return to his cowardly ways upon defeating the creature.

Duane Dibbley
Duane Dibbley is the dorky alter-ego of the Cat, played by Danny John-Jules with a bowl haircut and a large overbite. He first appears in the Series V episode "Back To Reality (S5,E6)," as part of a hallucinogenic experience, designed to cause despair in the Dwarfers. He then returns in "Emohawk: Polymorph II," caused by a polymorph absorbing the Cat's cool (Rimmer described him as "looking so geeky, he couldn't even get into a science fiction convention", Ace later being unable to even mercy-kill Duane in order to defeat the Emohawk as he was so pathetic it would be like killing Bambi). In the BBC's Red Dwarf Night he appears in the Can't Cook, Won't Cook parody (Can't Smeg Won't Smeg) after The Cat refuses to take part in the show on the same team as Rimmer.

In Series VIII episode "Back in the Red,"(S8,E1-3) the Cat, Lister, Kochanski, and Kryten disguised themselves as "The Dibbley Family" by wearing mop heads on their heads and large false teeth.

Duane has the opposite personality to the cat - he is a lot more nervous and shy than the Cat. He is very clumsy lacking the Cat's grace, he also treats others with more respect. Not having the Cat's ego he referred to Rimmer as 'sir', something the real Cat would not do. Duane appears to possess a great deal of self hatred as he is aware of his differences and often states that he hates Duane Dibbley.

The character's brief appearances have proved incredibly popular. John-Jules' explanation for this was "No-one's ever written a black nerd before."

Arlene Rimmer, Deb Lister, The Dog and Hilly
Played by Suzanne Bertish, Angela Bruce, Matthew Devitt and Hattie Hayridge. They are alternative versions of Arnold Rimmer, Dave Lister, The Cat and Holly from a parallel universe in the episode "Parallel Universe" (1988). With the exception of the Dog, the others are female versions of the regular characters. Dog has dog-like traits—for example a hatred of bathing. The Cat takes an instant dislike to him, but the Dog does not pick up on this and continues to mistake Cat for another dog.

Queeg 500
Queeg 500 (S2,E5) is a "back-up" computer AI system with an IQ of 500, played by Charles Augins. Queeg claims that Holly's IQ is not 6,000 but 6 and that Holly gets his information from a children's science book, called the Junior Colour Encyclopaedia of Space. He demotes Holly to night-watchman and takes over the ship.

Queeg soon makes the crew's lives hell. Rimmer is forced to take regular long-distance runs whilst Cat and Lister are made to work for tiny amounts of food. They appeal to Holly who challenges Queeg to a game of chess, with the loser being deleted. Holly loses the game and fades from view. He then returns and announces that he was Queeg all the time. The whole thing was a practical joke to teach the crew to appreciate Holly even though he has gone a bit "computer senile".

"Queeg" is a reference to Lieutenant Commander Philip Francis Queeg, USN, a fictional character in Herman Wouk's 1951 novel The Caine Mutiny and 1954 film of the same name. Both Queeg and Queeg 500 are in command of a vessel and prone to eccentric behaviour. Both display an oppressive command style and are prone to unprovoked angry outbursts.

The Skutters
The skutters are motorized service and maintenance robots that stand at around 2 ft tall, appearing as motorized boxes with a single limb each, ending in a three-clawed hand with an electronic eye. They perform menial tasks around the ship, such as sweeping the cinema floors after a movie, or painting the corridor walls. The skutters are unable to speak (except with bleeping noises), but can usually make their feelings clear. Their hands are particularly well designed for giving "flipping the bird" (a.k.a. "up yours") gestures with one or two digits, most often to Rimmer. Their behavior is rather more human-like than might be expected for such crudely designed robots; they play cowboys-and-Indians, enjoy watching films, are highly emotional and appear to be somewhat unstable and malfunctional, presumably as a result of 3 million years of continuous operation.

The tiny, motorized, three-clawed service droids were actual working models, save the episode "The End" (S1,E1), where the skutters were a post-production addition to the chicken soup nozzle scene. They were made up of various parts including old shoe boxes and the engines of radio controlled cars. Interference originating from the radios of a nearby taxicab company, which was particularly busy during filming of the episode "Future Echoes" (S1,E2), caused havoc with the skutter models on set. One reportedly poked Craig Charles in the eye, and another launched an attack on Chris Barrie's groin. Coincidentally, the skutters had been scripted as very inept towards their maintenance work and mischievous towards humans.

Kryten referred to a skutter by the name Bob in the episode "The Last Day" (S3,E6). Series VIII also featured a skutter named Bob along with his "wife" Madge. The skutters are fans of John Wayne, having their broom cupboard filled with Western props and pin-ups of Wayne, and are members of the John Wayne Fan Club.

Two skutters appeared in the US pilot playing poker until one of them gives Rimmer what looks like "the finger". These skutters were given a revamp in design: a wider, rounded body with a complex neck and a narrow head with concealed eyes that pop up.

The skutters are unusually capable of sex, as in the episode Parallel Universe, a "male" Skutter and its "female" equivalent from the parallel universe are seen with "children".

In "Back To Earth"(S9,E1-3), the skutters had been given a complete redesign, and were added in post as a CG effect rather than being a remote controlled mechanism, as there wasn't enough money in the budget to even revamp the casing. Due to this, as the actors had no visual cue, Danny John-Jules was required to step in as a replacement for a skutter so that Chris Barrie had something to react to.

Talkie Toaster
Talkie Toaster is a minor character, a monomaniacal talking toaster that tries to steer every conversation to the subject of toast.

Owned by Lister, Talkie Toaster is a toaster with artificial intelligence that is completely obsessed with making toast and annoys everyone on board. In Series I (and a deleted scene in Series II), it appears as a standard 1970s-style toaster made from stainless steel but with a circular light on the side which flashes as he speaks, and is voiced by John Lenahan, with a transatlantic accent. In Series IV, it appears as a red toaster made of plastic, with its name "Talkie Toaster" emblazoned on the side, and rather more flashing red and green lights and is voiced by David Ross (who played Kryten in his title episode).

The Toaster repeatedly interjects in conversations and whenever possible tries to steer the conversation towards toast. Eventually Lister smashes the Toaster with a hammer. Kryten repairs the toaster in order to use it as a guinea-pig for "intelligence compression" — restoring Holly's former intelligence (the ultimate aim is to cure Holly's computer senility) at the cost of reducing her operational lifespan. The toaster's repaired personality is somewhat different from the original: it now has a different voice and no longer tries to hide its obsession with toast.

The Talkie Toaster returns in the Series XII episode "Mechocracy" (2017), where it is again voiced by David Ross and depicted in its Series IV appearance. In the episode, the toaster has spent nearly two decades switched off in the garbage hold. Kryten and Lister make a deal with the toaster to swing the election for president of the machines on Red Dwarf in Kryten's favour. After Kryten wins, the Cat locks Rimmer in the garbage hold alone with the toaster until Monday.

Outside the TV series, Talkie Toaster plays a secondary, yet vital role in the book Better Than Life, where Holly revives him in order to have someone to talk to while the crew are stuck in the virtual reality game. In this version, it is toaster who figures out how to restore Holly's IQ after perusing Holly's manuals, and later is also the one who informs the Dwarfers how to survive a black hole, Holly having given him this information while showing off his intelligence before he had to shut himself down (although he 'required' the crew to eat multiple pieces of toast before he gave them the information, Kryten having to eat Rimmer's share).

Talkie Toaster's interviews with various Red Dwarf characters (complete with offers of toast) can be found on Red Dwarf ' s official website.

The Chocolate Dispenser
The Chocolate Dispenser (voiced by Tony Slattery) has its only appearance in the Series VIII episode "Only the Good...". Having been stolen from by Rimmer, it sets off an alarm to alert the Captain of chocolate being stolen ("Alert, alert! A choccie nut bar has been removed without payment!") It later goes on to inform Rimmer concerning his becoming its 'nemesis.' His appearance in the last scene involved it telling Rimmer that the formula which he got from the parallel universe, which would stop the virus that was destroying the ship, had in fact become the formula for the virus again; then firing a drink can at Rimmer's head with its final lines, "Every dog has its day, and this is the day, and I'm the dog!" and Rimmer is knocked unconscious.

In the alternative ending, the virus' antidote in the other world became the virus and the virus in that world became the antidote and then, the ship was saved from destruction, they were no longer in the Tank and later, Rimmer finally pays the money he owes the dispenser, but it still fires a can at Rimmer's head, knocking him unconscious anyway as Rimmer says, "Every dog has its day...", and after he is knocked unconscious, the Chocolate Dispenser finishes with, "...and this is the day, and I'm the dog!" and he howls as the audience applauds.

The Revolving Toilet
The Revolving Toilet is an artificially intelligent toilet which is located on a revolving plinth behind the washbasin in Lister's bedroom. It speaks in a dull male voice and bears a sign which reads "Now irradiate your hands."

The Revolving Toilet appeared in Balance of Power, in which it appeared to Lister when he dismissively responded "Oh crap" to Holly's statement that he thought Rimmer was the best person to bring back as hologram because he would keep Lister sane. When Lister says he didn't want the toilet, the Revolving Toilet apologizes and says that it wasn't paying attention.

Captain Frank Hollister
Captain Frank Hollister is played by American actor, Mac McDonald, in the television series.

Hollister is the captain of the interplanetary mining vessel, the Red Dwarf. He is seen in the first episode, in which he sentences Dave Lister to eighteen months in stasis for bringing his unquarantined cat on board. When Lister is released, Hollister, along with the rest of the crew, have been dead dust for three million years.

In Series VIII, with the crew resurrected by nanobots, Hollister becomes a main character. This is also the series where it is revealed that the captain is in fact "Dennis the Donut Boy" and that he had abused confidential files in order to work his way up the ranks and become captain.

Captain Hollister briefly returns in the Series XII episode, "Skipper" (2017), where Rimmer uses a quantum skipper to travel to a universe shortly before the crew of Red Dwarf is killed by a radiation leak. Rimmer finds Hollister attempting to use the escape pod, which jams as the radiation leak reaches him.

In the first Red Dwarf novel, the captain is a woman named "Kirk" and in the pilot for the unaired American version of the show the captain is a woman named "Tau".

Hollister's characterization is inconsistent. Before the accident, he was a fair, just, responsible leader. After resurrection, he becomes indulgent and corrupt. He's also depicted as indulgent and corrupt in the Series XII episode, "Skipper" (2017), where Rimmer finds Hollister attempting to use the escape pod, when Rimmer is using Kryten's new "Quantum Skipper" to travel to other universes, this one set shortly before the crew of Red Dwarf is killed by a radiation leak.

Olaf Petersen
Olaf Petersen is played by Mark Williams in the television series. He is a Danish catering officer on the Red Dwarf mining vessel.

First appearing in the pilot episode, Petersen is the best friend of Dave Lister. He, Lister, Selby and Chen spend most of their free time getting drunk. Like the rest of the crew, Petersen is killed in the radiation leak. His remains are found in the Drive Room as a white powder that Lister tasted. He appears in two other episodes in the first two series. Petersen is resurrected along with the rest of the crew in Series VIII, but is not seen, although often referred to.

Selby and Chen
Selby and Chen are played by David Gillespie and Paul Bradley, respectively. Chen works in the ship's kitchens and both spend their time drunk. First appearing in the pilot episode, they spend most of their free time with Lister and Petersen getting drunk. Like the rest of the crew they are killed in the radiation leak. When the crew are resurrected in Series VIII, Selby and Chen are the first crew members the regular characters encountered. They have not been seen again.

George McIntyre
George McIntyre was a minor character aboard Red Dwarf.

In the novel Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers, McIntyre was an officer on Red Dwarf who was severely depressed due to growing debt problems. After a horrifying experience in the hands of gangsters (he returned to Red Dwarf carrying his nose in a Titan Hilton Hotel napkin), McIntyre committed suicide. He was brought back as a hologram and replaced the ship's first hologram, Frank Saunders (much to Saunders' relief). Captain Hollister notes in his personal log that McIntyre was not especially crucial to the success of the mission, but was brought back anyway because Hollister was curious to hear his resurrection speech.

According to the original script of The End, McIntyre was killed by a minor radiation leak from the drive plate that Rimmer failed to repair.

In the television series, McIntyre was only seen at his "Welcome Back Reception" thanking everyone for flowers and turning up at his funeral, and his choice of music at the funeral was "See You Later Alligator" (in certain broadcasts this song was replaced with football anthem "Here We Go") as his ashes were blasted into space. George was portrayed by Robert McCulley. He was switched off during the radioactive disaster, for Arnold Rimmer to replace him afterwards by Holly to keep Dave Lister sane. The cause of his death isn't mentioned in the TV series.

Frank Todhunter
Frank Todhunter appeared in the first episode only and was played by Robert Bathurst. A well spoken officer, he tries to placate the tension between Rimmer and Lister (before siding with Lister against Rimmer; "Oh, Rimmer, you are a smeghead"), and attempts to describe how the stasis booth works to the latter. He is also an exam invigilator causing him to be someone that Rimmer severely dislikes. As part of Kristine Kochanski's story to ease Lister's claustrophobia, she claims the Todhunter from her dimension is gay, despite being a married man and notorious womanizer.

Yvonne McGruder
According to "Thanks for the Memory", Yvonne McGruder was the ship's female boxing champion, and the only woman Rimmer ever had sex with while he was alive. She is mentioned in a number of episodes, but her only on-screen appearance is inside a simulation in "Better Than Life", where she is played by Judy Hawkins.

Prison Governor Ackerman
Prison Governor "Nicey" Ackerman is played by Graham McTavish.

Seen only in the eighth series, Mr Ackerman is a stereotypically sadistic prison governor, enjoying his power over the inmates in Floor 13 (Red Dwarf's brig), "The Tank." He has a glass eye, which at one point is stolen from him. Prone to overreaction, he is a victim of pranks from the inmates on more than one occasion. After having sodium pentothal put into his inhaler as a prank, he shows up late at a meeting with the captain and reveals that he was sorry, but he was busy having "jiggy jiggy" with the Science Officer's wife, and needed time to change out of his Batman costume. Following the prank Lister suggested that a Tarzan costume would be better, since it would take less time to change out of.

According to various interviews on the Red Dwarf website, Ackerman was originally part of the same prison ship that was transporting the simulant encountered in the episode "Justice," but escaped from the ship after accidentally enabling the simulants to get free.

Warden Knot
Warden Knot is played by Shend.

Like governor Ackerman, Knot is a fairly sadistic warden. He dies in the episode Cassandra when Cassandra predicts that Arnold Rimmer will die of a heart attack. To evade death Rimmer pretends that Knot is called "Arnold Rimmer" and Knot, as according to prophecy, has a heart attack after learning he is going to die.

Kill Crazy
Kill Crazy is a minor character played by Jake Wood, appearing only in Series 8.

Kill Crazy (real name: Oswald Blenkinsop) is a psychopathic inmate who is obsessed with killing things. He is not very bright, thinking that he could fight a Tyrannosaurus Rex using his fists. His fighting buddy is Baxter (played by comedian Ricky Grover). When the prisoners arrive at the destination of a mission, Kill Crazy screams "LET'S GO KILL SOMETHING!" before charging forward at great pace and knocking himself unconscious on a low doorway.

Katerina Bartikovsky
Katerina Bartikovsky is played by Sophie Winkleman.

In a hallucination induced by the ink of a despair squid, the crew encounters Katerina Bartikovsky. In this hallucination, Katerina was the science officer of the Red Dwarf before the accident. She is of Russian heritage and speaks with a strong accent. Her personality is strict, serious, and judgmental, with a certain amount of scientific genius and arrogance. She suddenly appears as a hard-light hologram in "Back to Earth, Part One" after Rimmer's negligence nearly results in the death of his crewmates. She uses her superior rank to make herself ship's hologram and tries to have Rimmer deactivated and destroyed; it is also evident that she has personal disdain for him. Meanwhile, she attempts to bring Lister home with a device she made with a mining laser and the DNA of a dimension-hopping squid (the hallucination's explanation for the despair squid), which the rest of the crew enters through to get back to Earth, which allows Rimmer to escape deletion. She later encounters Rimmer in a street on Earth, claiming to have gone through a second portal, where they discuss the morals of deleting holograms. Katerina argues that since holograms are simulated dead humans, then killing them is acceptable. Using this logic, Rimmer pushes her into traffic, whisking her away. She is not seen again after this incident.

The Cat Priest
The Cat Priest was, until The Promised Land, the only member of the species Felis sapiens seen on the television show Red Dwarf apart from The Cat. He was played by Noel Coleman. One of his hands is depicted with a different skin tone compared to the rest of his body, possibly implying that the Cat race possessed numerous variations in their skin colours (similar to how modern cats have different fur colours).

The Cat Priest was blind. He was the Cat's teacher and guardian after his parents died, but Cat was never really interested and preferred to go off investigating. The Cat Priest was once a devout follower of the Cat religion, but over time as the Cat race fled Red Dwarf and those who stayed aboard died he lost his faith ("Waiting for God"-S1,E4).

When the Cat Priest was dying, Lister appeared and revealed that he was the Cat god Cloister. The Priest apologized for losing his faith, saying "You tested me, and I failed you." Lister assured him that he had not failed, and he would get into Fuchal. The Cat Priest's last words before he died of a heart attack were "This is the happiest day of my ..."

In the remastered version of the episode in which he appeared, the Cat Priest's body was cremated and the ashes jettisoned into space.

Mr. Flibble
Mr. Flibble is a hologramatical hand-puppet penguin. He is fluffy and malevolent, and often "very cross." In the episode Quarantine (S5,E4), Arnold Rimmer wore Mr. Flibble on his hand and together they terrorized the rest of the crew. Rimmer had been infected by a hologramatical virus, the "Hex virus," which gave him mental powers, but also made him completely psychotic. Both Mr. Flibble and Rimmer were armed with the power of Hex vision. When they attack with this power, their eyes glow red, and then a deadly beam of energy is discharged from their eyes.

Although he only appears in one episode and had no audible lines, Mr. Flibble became a fan favourite, and is now an interviewer on the Red Dwarf official website.

Hudzen-10
Hudzen-10 appeared only in the Series III episode "The Last Day" (S3,E6), and was portrayed by Gordon Kennedy. A replacement for Kryten, Hudzen-10 followed Red Dwarf for many years, eventually being driven insane. After the Red Dwarf crew told him to leave the ship, he deemed them all to be members of non-human species (bar Lister, whom he designated 'What the Hell!', concluding that he was 'Barely Human'), and attempted to kill them all. He was only stopped when Kryten told him that 'Silicon Heaven' did not exist, forcing him into an existential dilemma.

Rimmer's Dad
In "Future Echoes" (1988), Rimmer implies that his father had committed suicide when he mentions that he had given advice about how you can cope with anything with a short haircut "just before that rather unfortunate suicide business". However, according to a letter from Rimmer's mum "Better Than Life" (1988), Rimmer's dad had died peacefully in his sleep (or possibly in his jeep), and Rimmer appeared to have been unaware of this prior to the fact. In "Better Than Life", Rimmer mentions that his father was unsuccessful in his attempts to join the Space Corps and consequently became obsessed with ensuring his sons would (he stretched them on a traction machine to make them tall enough and withheld dinner unless they could answer questions on astronavigation correctly). He admits to Lister that he loathed the man and his dearest wish is to one day hear his father say that he is proud of Rimmer. He is portrayed in the episode by John Abineri, when, while playing the Better Than Life game, Rimmer encounters a simulation of his father who still doesn't show any pride in his son, instead calling Rimmer a smeghead, to which the Cat claims is his fantasy in the game.

He next appears in "The Beginning" (2012), played by Simon Treves. It is shown that Rimmer's father was also a teacher at Rimmer's school and used him as a guinea pig in an experiment about peer pressure (Rimmer's father instructed the other students to give incorrect answers). Rimmer is shown to have a hololamp containing a message from his father that was to be played when Rimmer achieved his dream of becoming an officer – when stuck for a plan when called upon to mastermind the salvation of Red Dwarf from Simulants, Rimmer decided to take the Cat's advice and play the message anyway to escape his father's memory. The message shockingly revealed that Rimmer was actually the son of the family's gardener. This does not affect Rimmer badly (as the rest of the crew had worried it would), instead liberating him from his lifelong fear of letting his ancestors down and allowing him to come up with a plan to save the day.

Rimmer's Mum
Rimmer's mother, played by Kalli Greenwood, is referred to several times in the series, not altogether consistently. In "Polymorph" (S3,E3), Rimmer describes her affectionately as "prim and proper", almost austere but with no time for fools. Yet in "The Last Day" (S3,E6), he indicates that she was overly sexually promiscuous. In "Dimension Jump" she is briefly shown as a mother who is concerned for her son's upbringing and education but is insensitive to his feelings (for example, lecturing him about his situation at school while he is hanging upside down as the result of a mean prank by his brothers, rather than help him down first).

In the episode "Polymorph", the Polymorph makes Rimmer angry so it can suck out his anger; to do this it changes into Rimmer's mum and has sexual intercourse with Lister, who has lost his sense of fear. Holly repeatedly stresses to Rimmer that this is all a ploy to anger him, so he manages to keep his cool until the Polymorph taunts him, saying "The things this boy can do with Alphabetti Spaghetti..."

She is briefly mentioned in the episode "Terrorform" (S5,E3) when Lister, Cat and Kryten hunt for Rimmer in the 'Swamp of Despair' (they find a bloodsucking leech with her face, a physical embodiment of how Rimmer perceives her).

Howard Rimmer
One of Arnold's often mentioned brothers. Howard Rimmer (Mark Dexter) appeared in the Series 10 episode "Trojan" (S10,E1). Howard is a crew member aboard a ship that makes contact with the Red Dwarf crew. Howard's hologrammatic status suggest that he, like Arnold, died in active service and was resurrected. Originally described by Arnold as a great man, we discover that Howard is very similar in character to Arnold himself—opening the possibility that he also was fathered by the Rimmer family's gardener.

Frank Rimmer
Frank Rimmer (Chris Barrie in a dual role) is another of Arnold's brothers. Frank appeared in the episode "Timeslides" (S3,E5) when Kryten accidentally mutates one of Frank's wedding pictures, allowing Lister to walk into it. Frank is extremely annoyed at Lister for blocking the shot and hits him several times before Lister disappears back into the present. In the episode, Frank appears to be wearing a Space Corps full-dress uniform.

"Frank" is also the name of his paternal uncle, his namesake, who is the father of two daughters, Sarah and Alice, is revealed to have been having an affair with his sister-in-law, and who inadvertently gave his nephew, Arnold, his first french kiss (after having mistaken him for Rimmer's mother in a dark room on a vacation).

Guest stars
Many co-stars of the first few episodes have gone on to careers away from Red Dwarf, such as Robert Bathurst, Tony Hawks, Paul Bradley, Craig Ferguson and Mark Williams. But later series have attracted established stars, some of whom were fans of the show.

title: List of Red Dwarf characters


text:
User talk:Infinoid

Talk to me.

Infinoid 04:45, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the help on Jangada! The article is now looking much better! :) --Wladston 06:09, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

User categories for discussion on -isms
Hi. A user category that you are in has been proposed for deletion at User categories for discussion. You are welcome to comment. Cheers! bd2412 T 02:12, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Utah Wikipedia Meetup
--Admrb♉ltz (talk) 22:29, 15 September 2008 (UTC) via AWB

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Infinoid


text:
Sordaria fimicola

Sordaria fimicola is a species of microscopic fungus. It is commonly found in the feces of herbivores. Sordaria fimicola is often used in introductory biology and mycology labs because it is easy to grow on nutrient agar in dish cultures. The genus Sordaria, closely related to Neurospora and Podospora, is a member of the large class Sordariomycetes, or flask-fungi. The natural habitat of the three species of Sordaria that have been the principal subjects in genetic studies is dung of herbivorous animals. The species S. fimicola is common and worldwide in distribution. The species of Sordaria are similar morphologically, producing black perithecia containing asci with eight dark ascospores in a linear arrangement. These species share a number of characteristics that are advantageous for genetic studies. They all have a short life cycle, usually 7–12 days, and are easily grown in culture. Most species are self-fertile and each strain is isogenic. All kinds of mutants are easily induced and readily obtainable with particular ascospore color mutants. These visual mutants aid in tetrad analysis, especially in analysis of intragenic recombination.

The most common form of S. fimicola is a dark brown. Certain mutants are grey or tan. A common experiment for an introductory biology lab class is to cross one of the mutant types with a wild type and observe the ratio of coloring in the offspring. This experiment illustrates the concepts of genetic inheritance in a haploid organism. The eight ascospores are produced inside an ascus. Sordaria squashes can give us information about crossing over during meiosis. If no crossing over occurs a 4:4 pattern is produced: four black spores, and four tan spores all lined up. If crossing over does occur there is a 2:2:2:2 pattern visible, or a 2:4:2 pattern.

Another common lab use is to observe meiosis and mitosis in the fruit bodies, called perithecia. An interesting feature of S. fimicola is that its fruit body is phototrophic. Thus, as it grows the stalk will bend toward a light source and when the sac bursts, the spores are shot towards the light.

Taxonomy
Research to update Sordariomycete fungal taxonomy is ongoing, and the position of Sordaria fimicola within the taxonomy of the Sordariomycetes is being researched and updated. The sordariomycetes are known as the flask fungi because they are characterized by flask-shaped perithecia and unitunicate asci. Phylogenetic studies of partial 18s ribosomal DNA strands has illuminated the phylogeny of the Sordariomycetes. Morphological features that characterize the Sordariaceae include the differentiation of the hyphal envelope that surrounds the ascogonium into peripheral wall layers and a pseudoparenchymatous centrum. Broad paraphyses composed of delicate, multinucleate cells arise from the cells of the centrum and completely fill the perithecium, crushing the remaining pseudoparenchymatous cells against the perithecial wall. S. fimicola differs from other species of Sordariaceae studied in the aggregation of the ascogenous cells to form a placenta‐like mass in the base of the centrum. Consequently, the asci arise in a cluster rather than in a uniform wall layer.

Fungal morphology
Sordaria fimicola is an ascomycete fungus that grows well on nutrient agar, dung, and in decaying matter in soil. As an ascoymcete it has a sexual teleomorph form and an asexual anamorph form. S. fimicola typically follows the life cycle of an obligate dung fungus; sexual reproduction that is obligate to herbivore dung after passage through the herbivore's gastrointestinal tract. Following meiosis on dung, ascospores are discharged and stick onto plant surfaces where they are thought to remain epiphyllous. S. fimicola grows septate hyphae which at the macro level look like small dark brown fibers forming a fluffy sheet over the substrate. Small black spots will form when sexual reproduction occurs, as these spots are the location of the ascii. Additionally, there are tan and grey mutant strains of S. fimicola. S. fimicola grows best in carbon rich substrates, but it also needs access to nitrogen. Research has shown that S. fimicola grows best with a carbon:nitrogen ratio between 5:1 and 10:1, as S. fimicola grown under these conditions produces markedly more perithecium than in those with higher carbon ratios or higher nitrogen ratios. S. fimicola grows well in a laboratory setting and because of that it is often used in introductory biology laboratories and also as a model organism for research. S. fimicola is also a good tool for teaching meiosis as it quickly produces diploid perithecium which undergoes meiosis to produce ascii with ordered linear tetrads of haploid ascospores.

Ecology
Although S. fimicola was traditionally understood to grow on the dung of herbivorous animals or in decaying plant matter, it has also been discovered that it grows symbiotically with some plants. New research shows that S. fimicola is a facultative dung fungus and S. fimicola has been found to grow among the roots of rye-grass and wheat-grass. In sterilized and unsterilized soil, S. fimicola promoted host growth and prevented mortality. Research shows that S. fimicola in potato dextrose cultures is capable of producing triacontanol and indole-3-carboxaldehyde, both of which have antibacterial properties that may help prevent host disease.

S. fimicola has also been shown to inhibit the growth of other species of fungi which are pathogenic to plants including Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Colletotrichum capsici, Curvularia lunata [Cochliobolus lunatus], Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum.

S. fimicola has also been shown to negatively affect the health of some plants that it can be found growing on. When S. fimicola was first isolated from maize researchers believed that it was most likely an opportunistic pathogen. Healthy maize plants in the laboratory did not grow S. fimicola indicating that healthy maize plants may exclude it. S. fimicola did colonize healthy B. tectorum resulting in reduced fecundity and reduced growth.

S. fimicola is also phototropic and the response is twofold: 1) the number of fruiting bodies produced by the fungus is influenced by light and 2) the direction which the fruiting bodies grow is also influenced. This response is likely mediated by a specific fungal receptor called the S. fimicola white collar-1 photoreceptor (SfWC-1). Other species of phototropic fungi have homologous receptors with similar receptor domains. S. fimicola with a non-functional mutant SfWC-1 receptor had delayed and less-pronounced fruiting-body formation, was defective in phototropism of the perithecial beaks, and lacked the fruiting-body zonation pattern compared with the wild type.

Gene conversion
Each individual meiosis generates four haploid products, and after one further round of mitosis, eight products are formed and all retained as haploid spores within the sac-like ascus (pl. asci). The retention of the products of an individual meiosis in an individual ascus has facilitated certain kinds of genetic analyses, particularly the analysis of the molecular mechanism of genetic recombination. When a wild type (+) strain is mated with a mutant (m) strain, ordinarily each ascus will contain a pattern of four + and four m spores. However, it was found that, with low frequency, some asci had ratios that differed from the expected 4+ : 4m (e.g. 6+: 2m or 2+: 6m or even 5+: 3m or 3+: 5m). In these cases it appeared that the m gene had been converted to the + gene or vice versa. And so the phenomenon was termed "gene conversion." Gene conversion was first detected in S. fimicola in 1951 by Lindsay Olive, and definitively characterized by him in 1959. Olive considered that these gene conversion events resulted from "trans replication, by which a locus is copied more than the normal number of times during replication at meiotic prophase." Since then many studies on the gene conversion phenomenon were carried out with S. fimicola and other organisms, particularly other ascomycetes [see review by Whitehouse (1982)]. Efforts to understand gene conversion at the molecular level have provided important insights into the mechanism and adaptive function of meiotic recombination, which in turn bears on the adaptive function of sexual reproduction.

title: Sordaria fimicola


text:
User talk:Michaelk~enwiki

I like soup.

--Michaelk 04:48, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I also enjoy soup o-o soup and figging. Phaust 06:40, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Don't deface my talk page

 * crossposted from User talk:Who

''I didn't ask you to edit it, nor did I ask you to remove what was written. Leave it as it was. --Michaelk 02:07, 13 October 2005 (UTC)''
 * I appologize if that offended you. I was merely removing text left by an anon and another user, which seemed like vandalism. We routinely monitor userpages to ensure they are not "defaced", and this is what I was doing. I left the edit summary "rv v" rather than using my rollback button, so that I might remove two seperate users edits. ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  02:13, 13 October 2005 (UTC)
 * After reading your talk page, I think it was me just overreacting. You're a-okay :) And plus, you're a Navy vet, so I certainly be mad at a guy who served his country (one that happens to protect mine, Canada, from falling into the pitstains of history). --Michaelk 05:01, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, these are the rules I follow -->
 * As far as sticking to NPOV, well, I've always been a neutral person. I have my views of course, but I was always able to put myself in the other position. If you feel strongly about something, you should read all views contrary to your own, and compare them to your own. If there is a major difference, then you should aim for wording that is between both. As far as getting started on Wiki. Well I have been using it for research for years and one day noticed I could edit it and made an account.  Been here just bout everyday since.  Hope that helps, feel free to ask me any questions.  Also, take a look at my welcome page, it has some helpful links.  ∞ Who ? ¿ ?  05:04, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Figging?
Surely you could find out, being on wikipedia! Phaust 04:27, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I dont remember how i found you. We were drawn together by love for soup. Yes. Phaust 04:37, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Revert
Hi. I reverted because it is disputed by scholars so we can't just say 9 years old. -- a.n.o.n.y.m  t 11:01, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Ibn Ishaq is one example. He believes she could be from 14 to 16 years old. So please stop accusing me of "bias" and instead find out this information by yourself. And what is this argument; the article even says the 9 years criticism already. -- a.n.o.n.y.m  t 15:12, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Hello
I'm nobody important, just another editor like you. I had invited you to vote on an article, because I thought it might have been of interest because of your edits/interests on other articles. If you don't want to be included in such invitations, let me know. The vote is over, so I'm cleaning up after myself. Sorry if I offended you, that was not my intention. Happy editing! Morton devonshire 17:26, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

Userbox Public Transit
According to The German solution, here’s a a tip for you: (in lieu of the blanked template:User Public Transit). -- Olve 21:57, 7 June 2006 (UTC) (corr. Olve 22:27, 7 June 2006 (UTC))

MVP
I was a 4-time FoxPro MVP: I'm not a current award holder, though.--Sar e kOfVulcan 17:35, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

You're invited!
Hello, Michaelk,

You are invited meet with your fellow Wikipedians by attending the Montréal meetup scheduled on Sunday, June 27, 2010; between 1500 - 1700 to be held at the Comité Social Centre Sud (CSCS), located at 1710 Beaudry, in Montréal. You can sign up at the meetup page.

The meetup is happening in concurrence with RoCoCo 2010, a free, bilingual, weekend unconference including many people involved with Wikis both within the Wikipedia/Wikimedia Community and abroad. You do not need to attend the conference to sign up for the Wikimeetup, but you are certainly welcome! Bastique ☎ call me!

(PS: Please share this with those you know who might not be on the delivery list, i.e. Users in Montreal/Quebec) Delivered by SoxBot (talk) 00:47, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Michaelk. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Michaelk~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:47, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:20, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Michaelk~enwiki


text: Template:Manga-stub

title: Template:Manga-stub


text:
Category:Byzantine people

 * People of the Byzantine Empire — primarily Medieval Greek people of the 4th to 15th centuries.

title: Category:Byzantine people


text:
Talk:Bernard Lewis

Armenian Genocide: "He was ordered to pay one franc as damages for his statements on the Armenian genocide in Ottoman Turkey."
The article currently states, cited to a number of publications in French, that, as a result of the "genocide denial" prosecutions:

 * " He was ordered to pay one franc as damages for his statements on the Armenian genocide in Ottoman Turkey.[38] Three other court cases against Bernard Lewis failed in the Paris tribunal, including one filed by the Armenian National Committee of France and two filed by Jacques Trémollet de Villers."

Although not cited in the article, the text is similar to the version given in this Haaretz article:

 * "Lewis’ revisionism on the Armenian question led to his being charged and tried in France for denial a genocide, a crime there, and in the mid-1990s, he was ordered by a French court to pay one franc in damages after losing a case. Three other lawsuits against him in another French court, however, failed."

However, the judgement of the court, which is available here and here, appears to detail further, much higher, payments:

 * "Adjudges Bernard Lewis liable to pay to each plaintiff, the FORUM OF ARMENIAN ASSOCIATIONS IN FRANCE, and to the INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE AGAINST RACISM AND ANTISEMITISM the sum of one franc in damages;

 * Orders the publication of excerpts of this judgment in the next issue of the newspaper Le Monde to appear after the date on which this judgment shall be made final, the cost of this insertion, to be borne by the defendant, not to exceed twenty thousand (20,000) francs;

 * States that no grounds exist for provisional execution; Adjudges Bernard Lewis to pay, pursuant to Article 700 of the New Code of Civil Procedure, the sum of ten thousand (10,000) francs to the Forum of Armenian Associations in France, and the sum of four thousand (4,000) francs to the International League Against Racism and anti-Semitism;

 * Sentences the defendant to costs."

From the "On the Merits of the Claims" section of the judgement it can be seen that the court found: "the fact remains that it was by concealing information contrary to his thesis that the defendant was able to assert that there was no "serious proof" of the Armenian genocide; consequently, he failed in his duties of objectivity and prudence by offering unqualified opinions on such a sensitive subject; and his remarks, which could unfairly rekindle the pain of the Armenian community, are tortious and justify compensation under the terms set forth hereafter"

There is an article on Armeniapedia about Bernard Lewis here, which links to an English translation of a Le Monde source article about the case here.

   ←   ZScarpia  19:40, 4 August 2021 (UTC)

Why is there an entire paragraph to discredit his views on "Armenian genocide"?
He simply explains here what is going on. (Suggest moving forward q takes a bit of time)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKrSID3yHIA

Yet the entire paragraph is trying to discredit his fact based opinion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.230.172.165 (talk) 15:17, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

Post at WP:FTN
There is a post on the Fringe Theories Noticeboard pertaining to this article's discussion of Lewis' denial of the Armenian genocide. It's here: Fringe theories/Noticeboard I am soliciting input on how to handle Lewis' claims so that we're complying with the recommendations of the WP:FRINGE guideline. Possibilities may include: Generalrelative (talk) 00:39, 7 April 2023 (UTC)
 * 1) Stating explicitly in the lead that Lewis' view is rejected by mainstream historiography.
 * 2) Shortening or removing the block quot in the "Armenian genocide" section.

 * Note that I've now done #1 pursuant to advice on FTN. Generalrelative (talk) 05:25, 7 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bernard Lewis


text:
Talk:Train track (mathematics)

Ingoing and outgoing
I'm not sure what's going on with the latest edits, in particular the comments in the edit box about ingoing and outgoing, but I thought I should clear up the confusion. The usual thing to do is to stick with one convention: at each switch, either have one ingoing and two outgoing or have two ingoing and one outgoing. This has nothing to do with directed graphs or any kind of orientation for the train track. It is merely a linguistic device used to indicate the local picture at a switch, i.e. which way the cusp is pointing (c.f. the comments about C^1 structure).

Thus we should stick with one convention, which currently is to have one ingoing branch and two outgoing at each switch. --C S 04:55, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

Confluent drawing
I don't want to add it myself because it's too much my own work, but whoever's editing this page might want to take a look at confluent drawing, a technique in Graph drawing closely related to train tracks. —David Eppstein 01:05, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Definition
The definition seems wrong to me. There's no geometry condition (The double of the connected components must have negative Euler characteristic). The third condition doesn't ensure this and the wording may be bad also, If you want a trivalent track as the definition then locally three curves meet, the curves don't have to come from different edges. Avaldivi (talk) 18:44, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I also wonder about the definition.
 * Must a train track be connected?
 * Can an arc of a train track just stop, with no switch?
 * Can an arc of a train track meander about forever, without any end?
 * The article's definition implies no, yes, and yes. Maproom (talk) 12:48, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Train track (mathematics)


text:
Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek

The Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek (Saare-Lääne piiskopkond; Bistum Ösel–Wiek; Low German: Bisdom Ösel–Wiek; contemporary Ecclesia Osiliensis) was a Roman Catholic diocese and a semi-independent prince-bishopric — part of Terra Mariana (Old Livonia) in the Holy Roman Empire. The bishopric covered what are now Saare, Hiiu, Lääne counties and the western part of Pärnu county of Estonia.

History
The bishopric was created on 1 October 1228 as a Latin rite, and initially possibly exempt, diocese by papal legate William of Modena and simultaneously as a state of Holy Roman Empire—making it a prince-bishopric—by Henry, King of the Romans (1220-1242; not Emperor). Due to the repeated shift of the seat of the bishops, it was also successively known as bishopric of Leal (Lihula) from 1234, Perona (Vana-Pärnu) from 1251, Hapsal (Haapsalu) Castle from 1279, and the seat shifted (alone) to the castle of Arensburg (Kuressaare) on the island of Ösel (Saaremaa); the cathedral and cathedral chapter (canons) remained in Hapsal. It was a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Riga from 1253.

One of the five members of the Livonian Confederation, the state was administratively divided into two bailiwicks (Latin advocaciae, German Vogteien). The bishop was also the lord of the Teutonic Order over its fiefs on the bishopric's territory. From 1241 until 1343, Ösel (Saaremaa) Island was an autonomous part of Ösel-Wiek prince-bishopric (autonomy renewed 27 August 1255).

The principality ceased to exist in 1560 when its last prince-bishop, Johannes V von Münchhausen, sold it to Denmark, which vested executive power in royally appointed Governors (styled Lensmænd to 1654, then Statthalter). King Frederick II of Denmark's brother Magnus of Livonia, Duke of Holstein, obtained it as an appanage on 15 April 1560 and was elected bishop on 13 May 1560; the Danish dynasty being Lutheran, he abolished the diocese and assumed the secular feudal style Lord of Ösel (Stieffte Ozel und Wieck Herr) on 20 March 1567.

Denmark ceded Wiek (Lääne County) to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in exchange for parts of Ösel belonging to the Livonian Order. Later Ösel became a Danish possession.

Episcopal Ordinaries and Prince-Bishops of Ösel-Wiek (Saare-Lääne)

 * Gottfried, Cistercian Order (O. Cist.) (1227, elected 29 June 1228; approved August 1228 – death after 1257)
 * vacancy & interregnum 1229 - 1234, ruled by the Bishop of Riga and the Livonian Swordbrothers Order.
 * Heinrich I, Dominican Order (O.P.) (1234 – death 1260.03.10)
 * Hermann I de Becheshovede (Buxhoevden) (1262– death 1285?)
 * Heinrich II (1290.05.10 – death 1294)
 * Konrad I (1294? – death 1307)
 * Vacancy & Interregnum
 * Hartung (Garttungus) (1310 – death 1321)
 * Jakob II (1322.03.03 – 1337)
 * Hermann II Osenbrügge (de Osenbrygge), (1338 – death 1362?63)
 * Konrad II (1363.07.24 – death 1374)
 * Heinrich III (1374.10.23 – assassinated before 1381.07.05), previously Bishop of Schleswig (1370.01.30 – 1374.10.23)
 * Vacancy & Interregnum
 * Winrich von Kniprode (1385.03.28 – death 1419.11.05)
 * Caspar Schuwenflug (1420.01.08 – death 1423.08.10)
 * Christian Kuband, Norbertines (O. Praem.) (1423.08.10 – death 1432.07.21)
 * Johannes I Schutte (1432.10.22 – 1438.09.12)
 * Johannes II Creul (Kreuwel), Teutonic Order (O.T.) (1439.03.20 de jure – 1457 de facto since 1449 in Wiek as the younger Bishop - death 1454.09.23)
 * Ludolf Grove (1457 de jure – death 1458.03.11) (de facto since 1439, since 1449 as the older Bishop in Saaremaa and Dagö)
 * Jodokus Hoenstein (1458.07.24 – death 1471.01.17)
 * Peter Wetberg (1471.06.17 – death before 1491.11.14)
 * Johannes III Orgas (Johann Orgies) (1492.03.26 – death 1515.03.19)
 * Johannes IV Kyvel (Kievel) (1515.03.19 – death 1527.04.22), succeeded as former Coadjutor Bishop of Ösel-Wiek (? – 1515.03.19)
 * Georg von Tiesenhausen (1527.05.20 – death 1530.10.02), previously Bishop of Reval (Estonia) (1525.07.21 – 1530.10.12)
 * Reinhold von Buxhoeveden (1532.07.03 – retired before 1541.07.13), died 1557
 * Johannes V von Münchhausen (1542.01.09 – 1560 sold the see)
 * Magnus of Livonia (also Prince of Denmark and Duke of Holstein), 1560–1572 (Protestant bishop, died 1583)

Sources and external links

 * GCatholic
 * WorldStatesmen - Estonia - Ösel TO EXPLOIT
 * Catholic-hierarchy.org
 * Bibliography
 * Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 297
 * Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 1, p. 379; vol. 2, p. 207; vol. 3, p. 264
 * Ernst Friedrich Mooyer, Verzeichnisse der deutschen Bischöfe seit dem Jahr 800 nach Chr. Geb., Minden 1854, p. 75

title: Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek


text:
User talk:Jezebel81

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Image Tagging
Thanks for uploading Image:Ccbabs.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Until a more informative tag is provided, it will be listed as no source. Could you add a better tag to let us know its copyright status? If you made the image yourself, an easy way to deal with this is add gfdl if you're willing to release it under the GFDL. Alternatively, you could release all rights to it by adding NoRightsReserved. This would allow anyone to do whatever they wish with your image, without exceptions. However, if it isn't your own image, you need to specify what free license it was distributed under. You can find a list of the tags here. If it was not distributed under a free license, but you claim fair use, add {{fairuse}}. If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images by posting to my talk page. If you do this, I can tag them for you. Thanks so much, Superm401 | Talk 20:13, May 22, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jezebel81


text: Category:Languages of Saudi Arabia

title: Category:Languages of Saudi Arabia


text: User talk:80.58.13.44

title: User talk:80.58.13.44


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Horatio Zanbugglejones

Horatio Zanbugglejones was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

 * Article appears prima facie to be a vanity page. Also, topic completely fails Google test, with zero hits. Animated Cascade «[[User talk:Animated Cascade|talk»]] 05:01, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy deleted as nonsense by Jpgordon -- Cyrius|✎ 06:30, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Could he or you post the content so that the community, which has been asked to decide about this page, can decide whether it should be deleted? Dr Zen 06:39, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Posting the actual content would ensure that it sticks around forever and ever. I've undeleted for the duration. I think it's pretty obvious it needs to go away. -- Cyrius|✎ 17:43, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I guess I forgot my own mantra, that utter bullshit ≠ patent nonsense. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 17:54, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * This has to stay for five days? Oh, well.  The longer it stays around, the worse it's gonna smell like the fecal matter it obviously is.  Delete, no BJAODN.  It be goin' away on Christmas Day! - Lucky 6.9 19:01, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merry Christmas, Lucky. -- Cyrius|✎ 20:42, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * LOL! Thanks, Cyrius!  That delete will be a welcome stocking stuffer! - Lucky 6.9 21:54, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 20:33, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, looks like innocent creative writing to me, not encyc. Wyss 00:16, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Concur. Edeans 06:06, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Santa giveth, but the deletion crew taketh away. Delete it. Dr Zen 06:11, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. utcursch 07:53, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. "The Milkshake goes bad". Yep that pretty much sums up this junk. netkinetic

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Matthew Xavier Joseph Doyle

Matthew Xavier Joseph Doyle was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

A fifteen year old who is "definetly going to do something with his life". When he does, perhaps we'll see him in Wikipedia. Until then, delete. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 05:02, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Animated Cascade «[[User talk:Animated Cascade|talk»]] 05:13, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. Page was blanked by anon. Indrian 05:34, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not even a good try to make himself sound notable. -- Ld 05:58, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete  --fvw *  08:24, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Viriditas | Talk 12:43, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: 20:36, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC) (this was me DCEdwards1966 00:45, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC))
 * Delete, prolly never heard of a user page. Whatever. Wyss 00:19, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. utcursch 07:59, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete or userfy. Alphax (talk) 04:42, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete. Now if he had claimed he was the actual "Emperor of Mexico" ten year hence...well then that would be a different tale... netkinetic
 * Delete.Oklonia 01:16, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stress and political decision-making

Stress and political decision-making was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Violates No original research; also largely incomprehensible, looks like a contextless snippet of a longer thesis. Can't imagine how this could be turned into an encyclopedia article. ←Hob 05:02, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)

 * Delete. Seems to have been copied from somewhere else, probably a textbook. Dan100 08:00, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Guy who submitted it said it was his master's thesis. Presumably he's learned more about WP since then.
 * Delete  --fvw *  08:24, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 20:35, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, all-too-familiar sort of original research. Wyss 00:18, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research. utcursch 07:57, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. 23:51, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:LilPeck

LilPeck

title: User:LilPeck


text:
Category:Finnish botanists

Please be careful if considering moving botanists out of Category:Botanists - see the note there for details.

too general

title: Category:Finnish botanists


text:
Talk:Penny Hardaway

1996 Olympic Team
I edited the page to reflect the fact that Hardaway was part of the 1996 Olympic team, but I can't figure out to format it so that Hardaway's name appears in black instead of linked. A little help here, please? sikeyim seni piç orospu

And if someone goes ahead and fixes it, could you tell me how to do it?

Ekedolphin

Relation
are tim hardaway and penny hardaway related? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.211.231.85 (talk) 00:09, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

Where are you getting this?
Please put some references in. And also don't use words like "currently" as that may change and leave wikipedia obsolete. 70.19.31.152

NPOV
Removed the line "Hardaway obviously had to pass a physical and I'm confident that with his hard work and dedication, he can be a contribte to the Miami Heat in ways that Eddie Jones couldn't in his second stint with Miami." Attila226 17:23, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

Picture
Does anyone have a photo we can use of Penny for his page? It is starting to shape up nicely and a photo would really do wonders.

There isnt anything in here about his role in the movie "Blue Chips". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.176.2.194 (talk) 12:13, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

Stray bullit
After he was robbed at gun point he was,, let me get this straight. Shot in the foot by a 'stray' bullit, this sounds unreliable, --McNoddy (talk) 13:11, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

It is a true story. Anyone who followed Penny during his career knew this. http://m.commercialappeal.com/news/2008/aug/21/penny-hardaway-give-1-million-university-memphis/ --Elkman8102 (talk) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.243.119.57 (talk) 07:31, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

How did the name "Anfernee" come about?
I'm surprised there is no mention in the article about where the name "Anfernee" came from. Is it a family name? A malapropism? A misspelling by the doctor? An intentional misspelling by the family to be unique? I've read elsewhere that Penny's mom had trouble pronouncing the name Anthony and the doctor just wrote it as he heard it, but that doesn't sound right. I was hoping Wikipedia would have the real answer and am a little surprised that it's not even mentioned here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 153.39.210.222 (talk) 15:49, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

LIL Penny
Not a word about Lil Penny. Fail. How many athletes have a very popular series of commercials about them starring Chris Rock? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.55.151.111 (talk) 01:50, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Penny Hardaway. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100112064754/http://m.commercialappeal.com/news/2008/aug/21/penny-hardaway-give-1-million-university-memphis/ to http://m.commercialappeal.com/news/2008/aug/21/penny-hardaway-give-1-million-university-memphis
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110819030900/http://www.usabasketball.com/mens/mdev_1992.html to http://www.usabasketball.com/mens/mdev_1992.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070204014952/http://www.collegehoopsnet.com/columns/adamstanco/051125.htm to http://www.collegehoopsnet.com/columns/adamstanco/051125.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1996.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.naplesnews.com/news/2006/feb/23/magic_trade_francis_penny/?nba

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:21, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Penny Hardaway


text: User talk:67.167.114.70

title: User talk:67.167.114.70


text:
Wikipedia:Goings-on/December 19, 2004

Welcome to Wikipedia's goings-on. This page is a central point for community members to collect current information about the community project and to report on recent goings-on. In a sense, it's an announcement page, but it is supposed to collect even those kinds of information that are normally not announced on pages like Announcements (e.g. arbitration progress, outspoken newcomers, amusing things, etc.). However, please notice that this page is explicitly not for discussion. When listing topics here that are being discussed or have been discussed, please link to the appropriate discussion page and discuss it there. For a project-wide update of events, see the Meta goings-on.

This page is archived in a weekly digest-like fashion, every Sunday at 0:00 UTC.

{| cellspacing=3 width="100%"
 * bgcolor="#fffff6" colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"|

Goings-on in the week starting Sunday December 19 2004

 * Congratulations to Theresa knott, Raul654, Ambi, Sannse, Neutrality, David Gerard, and Grunt, who were chosen for the Arbitration Committee in the recently concluded election. They will begin serving 1 January 2005 (Raul654 is already serving and was re-elected).
 * Mediation Committee nominations open for comment at Mediation Committee. Additional candidates are welcome to volunteer, since several mediators are among the newly elected arbitrators and will need to be replaced.
 * All Wikipedias are upgraded to MediaWiki 1.4. For more information, see Announcements.
 * If you think 1.4's original redirect arrow is ugly, design one for the Redirect arrow contest.
 * Users Duk and Mackeriv become administrators. Congratulations!

 * - valign="top"
 * bgcolor="#fffff6" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"|

Articles featured on the Main Page
 * Newark, New Jersey (December 19)
 * Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (December 20)
 * Free will (December 21)
 * Prince-elector (December 22)
 * Duran Duran (December 23)
 * Homo floresiensis (December 24)
 * Shroud of Turin (December 25)

 * bgcolor="#fffff6" style="border: 1px solid black;padding-left:1em;"|

Articles that gained "featured" status
 * Hip hop music (December 21)
 * Government of Maryland (December 21)
 * Battle of Inchon (December 21)
 * John Bull (locomotive) (December 21)
 * Xenu (December 21)
 * Tony Blair (December 21)
 * Gold Standard (December 24)
 * Pet skunk (December 24)
 * Christmas (December 24)
 * Battle of Hampton Roads (December 25)
 * Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (December 25)
 * Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (December 25)

Pictures that gained "featured" status
 * Airship USS Akron over Manhattan (December 21)
 * Veined leaf (December 21)
 * 18th Century Persian astrolabe (December 21)
 * Polar Bears approach the USS Honolulu (December 21)
 * }

title: Wikipedia:Goings-on/December 19, 2004


text:
Flying Dutchman (dinghy)

The Flying Dutchman is a Dutch planing sailing dinghy that was designed by Uus Van Essen and Conrad Gülcher as a high performance, one design racer and first built in 1951.

The boat was an Olympic sailing class from 1960 until 1992.

Production
The boat was built in the past by Sunbeam Yachts, Alpa Yachts, Mader Bootswerft, MacKay Boats, Plastrend/Composite Technologies, Lanaverre, Lockley Newport Boats, Advance Sailboat Corp., Binks Yacht Constructions, Chantier Naval Costantini and Mobjack Manufacturing, starting in 1951. More than 10,000 have been built. In 2022 Mader Bootswerft were still producing the design.

Design
The Flying Dutchman is a racing sailboat, initially built of wood, with many modern boats made from fiberglass sandwich construction with a plastic deck. Cold-molded plywood is still used and some sailers prefer that material.

The boat has a fractional sloop rig, a spooned raked stem, a plumb transom, a transom-hung rudder controlled by a tiller and a retractable centerboard. Modern boats may have plastic rudders and centerboards. It displaces 287 lb.

The boat has many adjustable settings available while sailing, including the genoa halyard, shroud tension and the mast rake. The crew can use a trapeze to balance the boat.

For sailing downwind the design may be equipped with a symmetrical spinnaker of 226.0 sqft and in fact was the first design equipped with a spinnaker bow chute.

The design has a Portsmouth Yardstick D-PN of 82.6 and a RYA PN of 879.

Operational history
The boat is supported by an active class club that organizes racing events, the International Flying Dutchman Class Organization.

The Flying Dutchman was an Olympic sailing class in double-handed dinghies from 1960 until 1992.

Due to its complexity, the design's cost has been a barrier to its wider acceptance.

A Classic Sailboats review noted that "the 'fastest double-handed dinghy in the world' made its Olympic debut in Naples in 1960. It was based on the new go-fast concept of a trapezing crew and a large spinnaker. The ideal crewman should be tall, heavy, nimble and smart – not a simple recipe to follow. The FD has a long waterline and normally planes on the beat. But the large genoa jib makes tacking slow. Pure boatspeed is thus the key ingredient for success."

The United States Sailing Association describes the boat as "one of the most exhilarating dinghies you will ever be in."

Boats on display

 * National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England

title: Flying Dutchman (dinghy)


text:
New Jersey Saints

The New Jersey Saints were one of the founding teams in the Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League (renamed in 1989 to the Major Indoor Lacrosse League, and then again in 1998 to the National Lacrosse League). They played at the Brendan Byrne Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Saints won the 1988 Eagle Pro championship. After the 1988 season, they moved to Long Island, New York and became the New York Saints.

title: New Jersey Saints


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Equal Protection Clause

Equal Protection Clause
This is a self-nomination. I believe it is complete, accurate and well-written. More importantly, though, I think it an enormously important subject. Of course, I am more than willing to change whatever reasonably needs to be changed. Hydriotaphia 05:11, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm sure people will want a 'references' section. I only have nits so far, such as I don't think I should have to read photo captions to learn about Bingham--doesn't have to be lengthy, but his role should probably be introduced, and fleshed out a bit in the actual article (i.e. captions should explain what is depicted, and its relevance, if not self-evident, but shouldn't be expected to add to the article itself). And he doesn't seem to have an article--highly recommend creating one and linking to it. Does seem to have very nicely relevant photos (esp. time-wise), and walks the reader through the relevant cases (both major and minor), and how they built on cases before, and affected cases after, quite smoothly. Oh, "rump" goes to a disamb page--if rump state (or rump Parliament, which seems a bigger stretch) can't be worked to cover this usage, you might want to create a new article (tho, how to avoid it being a dic def, I'm not sure :/ ). These are all probably 'nice to haves', not grounds to oppose. Nice job by the way--just checked the history--pretty good expansion for less than one week's worth of work. Niteowlneils 06:04, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I think I've dealt with your objections. Please tell me if there's something else that you see as a problem. Thanks for your comments. Hydriotaphia 19:17, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks good. I changed the "See also" header to "References", as that seems to be more accurate (and See also is usually used to refer to other Wikipedia articles). Definitely support (I really should have said that the first time--as I said my comments weren't intended as objections). Niteowlneils 02:31, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Changing the section title is entirely innapropriate if the works listed were not actually used to confirm or add the material in the article. References are important for a reason and not just to be able to check the box and say you have them.  Now if they were properly used, I apologize, but nothing in the above conversation reflects that. - Taxman 05:27, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * I can't say I had all of those sources actually in front of me as I was writing the article, but I have read 10/12 of the sources mentioned, with the 2 others—the Kotz and the Morris books—having been praised highly by others of the sources. I can't speak for Niteowlneils, but I'm guessing he just figured "references" meant references for the readers. That, at least, was what I had supposed, just because if they were meant to be sources, they would be called "sources." It may be, though, that "references" are a sort of term of art on Wikipedia, and "references" means what in other contexts would be called "sources." Taxman, could you direct me to whatever resource can clear this up for all of us? Thanks—and thanks for your comments. If we get this references/sources thing all squared away, do you think you could support this article? Best regards, Hydriotaphia 05:38, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * There needs to be a clear differentiation between those resources that have been used to confirm or supply material in the article (Usually done in a 'References' section, ideally with inline citations; but also done as footnotes to cite specific facts to sources), and those that have not (they can be put in a 'Further reading' or similar). There is no hard and fast consensus as to the names of those, partly because different people perceive them differently and even different academic disciplines use them differently. But what I have given you is what the featured article criteria use. See the top of the page for that link. In any case the important thing is that the differentiation I have noted is clear. - Taxman 06:31, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, I hope I've taken care of your (totally valid) concerns with the footnotes I've added. Tell me what you think. Hydriotaphia 07:50, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry to be difficult, but it still seems unclear if the sources listed were actually consulted. Each note just says "See Example book".  We are still in the exact same situation where that seems to refer me to a source for more information without telling me explicitly the fact in this article is taken from that source.  For ex, the material and source in note #1 "For details on the rationale for, and ratification of, the Fourteenth Amendment, see..." does not seem to directly support either the sentence the note superscript is attached to - "These laws severely restricted...", or the whole paragraph for that matter. A more typical footnote simply lists the author's last name and other proper source information if the bit was actually taken from that source. - Taxman 23:11, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, all of them were consulted! In legal citations, some of whose form I've chosen to use here, the direction "see" means that the book, article, etc. cited clearly supports the footnoted proposition(s). When I footnoted a sentence, the footnote supports the facts in the paragraph, and often the whole section, footnoted; I did it this way to avoid visual clutter (and lots and lots of ibids.!). But I encourage you to change the wording of the footnotes so that, to your mind, they more clearly show that the sources have been consulted. Thanks again for your comments. Best, Hydriotaphia 18:40, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Nope, thats fine. I simply didn't know "see" has that significance. Great work then. However what about note 1 not really matching up with the sentence/paragraph it is by? Or am I just off base on that? - Taxman 00:14, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Support. Looks well researched, covers everything I can think about the topic. Though I am curious as to the relation between the clause and affirmative action and that debate. Something could stand to be said about that. - Taxman 00:14, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Darn it, Taxman, I hoped no one would notice that there was nothing about affirmative action. :) You're quite right, the article isn't quite complete without something on Af Act. I'm sort of busy right now, but in the next few days I'll try to add something on that important subject. Best. Hydriotaphia 01:02, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, I've added a section on affirmative action, with footnotes. I believe the article is now complete. Hydriotaphia 22:15, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)

I hope someone will critique the affirmative action section that I've added. I must admit that I strongly favor affirmative action, and hence I fear that the section may not be NPOV. Hydriotaphia 00:39, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * I believe I have assuaged my own concerns in this matter. But I am certainly open to suggestions (and edits, of course!). Hydriotaphia 09:09, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)

I've decided that superscript footnotes are really inappropriate in Wikipedia-land, because they mess with line spacing and hence obscure paragraph structure. So what I'm going to do is keep the footnotes, but make them into regular script. I hope this doesn't anger anyone. Hydriotaphia 19:21, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * Support, looks good. --SPUI 02:10, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Qualified support. Needs articles, at least stubs, about the cases cited, and the collegiate admissions process.  I don't have time, at least this week, to write any of the former and am unqualified to write the latter.  Aside from that, looks like a featured article to me.  Rlquall 02:14, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi, Rlquall, thank you for your qualified support. May I ask, though, what you mean by your reference to the collegiate admisions process? Do you want more links to articles about the process, or more on how the Clause affects that process? (See also the message I left on your talk page.) Best, Hydriotaphia 09:06, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)

 * Support. Article looks reasonably complete, although as with any featured article on an important subject, some future tweaking can be expected.  Edeans 03:34, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Strong support. Well done. CO GDEN  03:34, Dec 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. This should definitely be a featured article in my view. It's well written, well-researched, important and interesting. The only small point I'd add is that, personally, I like to see inline references (I like lots of ibids and op cits), but I know other editors don't like them, and they do break up the text. I can see there's been a discussion about references already, so I won't add to it. I strongly support this nomination. Slim 02:10, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC)


text: Category:Loiret

title: Category:Loiret


text:
Ken Mehlman

Kenneth Brian Mehlman (born August 21, 1966) is an American social entrepreneur and businessman. He serves as a member, global head of public affairs, and co-head of KKR global impact at investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts. He oversees the firm's responsible investment efforts, leading the firm's Environmental Social Governance programs. Prior to joining KKR, Mehlman spent a year as an attorney and partner at law firm Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld. In January 2017, Mehlman announced that he would act as chairman of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Policy Advisory Board.

Mehlman held several national posts in the Republican Party and the George W. Bush administration. In 2000, he was appointed director of the White House Office of Political Affairs. Mehlman managed Bush's 2004 re-election campaign, and was 62nd Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 2005 to 2007. In 2007, Bush appointed Mehlman to a five-year term on the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council.

In 2010, Mehlman came out as gay in an interview with journalist Marc Ambinder, which made him one of the few prominent openly gay figures in the Republican Party. He told Ambinder that he was aware that the Republican Party emphasized an anti-gay agenda but felt that he could not "go against the party consensus" when he held leadership positions. After coming out, Mehlman advocated for the recognition of same-sex marriage.

Early life and education
Mehlman was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He is one of two sons born to Judith and Arthur Mehlman. His father was director of MuniMae and a former partner at KPMG, for which he was the head of the firm's auditing department in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Mehlman's brother, Bruce, works as a lobbyist at Mehlman Consulting.

Mehlman received his undergraduate degree in 1988 from Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he became a member of Phi Kappa Tau's Xi chapter. He received his J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1991, where he was a classmate of future President Barack Obama.

Career
Mehlman practiced environmental law at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld in Washington, D.C. from 1991 to 1994, when he became legislative director to Representative Lamar S. Smith of Texas's 21st congressional district. Mehlman served as Smith's legislative director from 1994 to 1996, and then as chief of staff to Representative Kay Granger of Texas's 12th congressional district from 1996 to 1999.

Mehlman served as field director for the 2000 presidential campaign of George W. Bush. When Bush became president, Mehlman became director of the White House Office of Political Affairs. He managed the Bush re-election campaign in 2004. In January 2005, the American Association of Political Consultants gave Mehlman the "Campaign Manager of the Year" award for his management of the Bush/Cheney presidential ticket.

Mehlman joined Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co in 2008. As of 2021, he continues to be KKR's Global Head of Public Affairs and co-head of KKR Global Impact, helping assess and improve the companies in which KKR invests by engaging stakeholders & leveraging geopolitical & public policy trends. Mehlman also oversees the firm's global external affairs, including corporate marketing, regulatory affairs & public policy, and communications. Mehlman leads KKR's Environmental Social Governance (ESG) programs for the firm and its portfolio companies.

In addition to his role at KKR, Mehlman is a trustee of New York's Mount Sinai Hospital, Franklin & Marshall College, and Teach for America. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, serves as chairman of the American Investment Council (previously the Private Equity Growth Capital Council), and is co-Chairman of the American Enterprise Institute's National Council. He is also a trustee and board member of Sponsors for Educational Opportunity (SEO). Mehlman was appointed to the board of directors of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board in June, 2016.

On January 10, 2017, Mark Zuckerberg announced on Facebook that Mehlman and David Plouffe would be joining the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. Mehlman will chair the philanthropy's public policy advisory board, which he stated in his official Facebook post will consist of "a diverse group of advisors and experts."

On March 4, 2021, Mehlman was elected to the board of directors of the United Negro College Fund (UNCF).

Republican National Committee chairmanship
Mehlman was Bush's choice to replace Ed Gillespie as the chair of the Republican National Committee and was elected to the post on January 19, 2005. Mehlman announced after the November 2006 general election that he would not seek re-election to another term as Republican National Chairman. One of his top deputies, RNC political Director Michael DuHaime, announced in December 2006 that he would become campaign manager for Rudy Giuliani's 2008 presidential campaign.

Mehlman addressed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) a full year before Bush addressed the civil rights organization. In his address to the NAACP on July 14, 2005, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Mehlman apologized for his party's failure to reach out to the black community in the aftermath of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, stating, "Some Republicans gave up on winning the African-American vote, looking the other way or trying to benefit politically from racial polarization... I am here as Republican chairman to tell you we were wrong."

Although Mehlman's speech seemed to suggest a new approach towards the African-American community, most have considered the approach to be unsuccessful, with several polls indicating that Republicans have not improved in terms of African-American approval. A Washington Post poll shows that Bush's approval rating among African Americans fell to two percent at one point, and a report card issued by the NAACP gave "F's" to a majority of Republicans in the 109th Congress.

As the head of the RNC, Mehlman played a key role, along with Karl Rove, in executing the Republican Party's long-term, yet ultimately unsuccessful, plan for electoral dominance. This is discussed at length in Peter Wallsten and Tom Hamburger's book, One Party Country. Mehlman voluntarily stepped down as chairman of the RNC at the end of 2006. He was succeeded by Mike Duncan and Mel Martinez.

In 2016, Mehlman was a vocal opponent of Donald Trump's in the primary and general election, and he publicly vowed to vote for Hillary Clinton.

Phone jamming scandal
A Democratic analysis of phone records introduced at the 2005 criminal trial of James Tobin, the Northeast political director for the RNC in 2002, shows that Mehlman made 115 outgoing calls – mostly to the same number in the White House office of political affairs – between September 17 and November 22, 2002, when the office of political affairs was headed by Mehlman. Two dozen calls were made from 9:28 a.m. the day before the election through 2:17 a.m. on the night after the voting, a three-day period. Virtually all the calls to the White House went to the same phone number. In April 2006, Mehlman issued a statement on the matter, noting that his deputy for the Northeast states routinely discussed election business with RNC officials, and categorically stated that "none of my conversations nor the conversations of my staff, involved discussion of the phone-jamming incident." Tobin was convicted on December 15, 2005 "for his part in a plot to jam the Democratic Party's phones on Election Day 2002"; however, this conviction was later overturned by a federal appeals court and Tobin was acquitted on all charges.

Coming out
In August 2010, Mehlman revealed that he is gay. Prior to this revelation, rumors about Mehlman's sexual orientation had circulated since at least 2004. In May 2006, Mehlman denied he was gay, telling the New York Daily News: "I'm not gay, but those stories did a number on my dating life for six months." On November 8, 2006, comedian Bill Maher made an appearance on Larry King Live, during which he referred to Mehlman as a closeted gay man. The incident became controversial because CNN edited out Maher's comments in later taped editions and removed the reference to Mehlman's sexual orientation from the transcript of the show. The day after Maher's comments, Mehlman announced he would step down as chairman of the RNC (although reports said that his resignation had been expected for some time).

Almost four years later, in an article in The Atlantic, Mehlman stated that he is in fact gay, and that he planned to be an advocate for legalizing same-sex marriage. According to the New York Times, Mehlman's "announcement makes him apparently the most prominent Republican official to come out." This disclosure followed years of him avoiding and denying inquiries about his sexual orientation. During his RNC chairmanship, Mehlman supported certain positions of the Republican Party, including opposition to same-sex marriage. Mehlman stated he could not have gone against party consensus, but acknowledged that, had he come out of the closet earlier, he might have been able to impact Republican efforts to pass state initiatives and referendums banning same-sex marriage.

Reactions
Marc Ambinder, who interviewed Mehlman and wrote The Atlantic article, said that Mehlman's roles with the RNC and the Bush campaign "coincided with the Republican Party's attempts to exploit anti-gay prejudices and cement the allegiance of social conservatives". A few commentators, such as Cenk Uygur and Michael Rogers, criticized Mehlman on The Ed Show, for having remained closeted about his sexuality while active in politics. Rogers has long advocated for the forced outing of closeted gay politicians who vote or advocate against LGBT interests.

Some segments of the LGBT community expressed support for Mehlman. Dustin Lance Black, the Academy Award-winning writer of Milk, said, "Ken represents an incredible coup for the American Foundation for Equal Rights ... As a victorious former presidential campaign manager and head of the Republican Party, Ken has the proven experience and expertise to help us communicate with people across each of the 50 states." Stephen Petrow, former president of the National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association, wrote in a Huffington Post column, "... the 43-year old Mehlman found the courage to be honest about his identity with family, friends, former colleagues and current colleagues [who have] been wonderful and supportive." Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund President and CEO Chuck Wolfe said in a public statement, "We hope the fact that Ken Mehlman has reached this level of honesty will now encourage other political leaders to reject divisive anti-gay campaign tactics..."

Support for same-sex marriage
In June 2011, Mehlman lobbied Republican members of the New York state legislature to support the legalization of same-sex marriage in New York and reached out to conservative donors and operatives.

Mehlman often spoke with undecided GOP senators, including three of the four who eventually voted in favor of the bill. Mehlman, who gained the support of many gay-rights backers, discussed the political and ideological reasons why lawmakers should vote for the bill. He said, "Letting two adults who love each other get married strengthens and promotes families." Mehlman told GOP senators that legalizing same-sex marriage aligned with Republican interests and principles. He emphasized that polls showed a significant shift toward voter support of same-sex marriage. Four Republican senators voted for the Marriage Equality Act.

Several gay rights leaders and bloggers recognized Mehlman's role. Mehlman was honored in Out Magazine 2011's Out100 list partially because of his work on the campaign. Mehlman has been active in Maryland, New Hampshire and Washington State, helping to raise almost $3 million for these campaigns between August 2010 (when he came out) and March 2012. He continued to campaign for same-sex marriage, before United States v. Windsor, the 2013 United States Supreme Court decision which held that same-sex marriage is constitutional, by aiming to show GOP leaders why same-sex marriage "is consistent with Republican and conservative principles", and speaking on that topic throughout the country.

In January 2013, also before United States v. Windsor, Mehlman spoke with political activist David Kochel in Iowa about how supporting same-sex marriage is a conservative value. He stated that, "I'm a conservative because I believe in more freedom and I believe in less government. I think that we are endowed by our Creator, not by politicians, not by government, not by bureaucrats, with inalienable rights, including the pursuit of happiness. If you believe that, what could be more central to the pursuit of happiness than choosing the person that you love, that you have the right to marry?"

In February 2013, Mehlman helped organize an amicus curiae brief to the Supreme Court in the case of California Proposition 8 signed by dozens of prominent socially moderate Republicans, including Jon Huntsman, Jr., Meg Whitman, Ken Duberstein, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, and others, explaining that they supported a Constitutional right to same-sex marriage. According to the New York Times, Ken Mehlman spent "months in quiet conversations with fellow Republicans to gather signatures for the brief." "We are trying to say to the court that we are judicial and political conservatives, and it is consistent with our values and philosophy for you to overturn Proposition 8," said Ken Mehlman according to the New York Times report.

In November 2013, Mehlman launched a non-profit organization called Project Right Side focused on convincing more Republicans to support marriage equality. The organization also conducts research and analysis in an effort to improve political conditions for LGBTQ issues. He stated that "Conservatives don't need to change core convictions to embrace the growing support for equal rights for gay Americans. It is sufficient to recognize the inherent conservatism in citizens' desire to marry, to be judged on their work, and not to be singled out for higher taxes or bullying at school. These objectives can be achieved while also protecting religious liberty, as demonstrated by states enacting civil marriage with exemptions for religious institutions."

In February 2014, Mehlman was a keynote speaker at the first campus-wide Harvard LGBTQ conference on the 45th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots where he was interviewed by Baruch Shemtov. He spoke during the closing remarks of the conference, stating "there's nothing more powerful than coming out and being who you are."

Don't Ask, Don't Tell legislation
Mehlman supported the repeal of the "Don't ask, don't tell" military policy introduced during President Bill Clinton's tenure. In 2010, Mehlman lobbied ten U.S. Senators to repeal the policy.

Workplace discrimination
Mehlman has also worked on LGBTQ non-discrimination issues. He actively helped Congressional leaders pass the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) in the Senate in 2013. In July 2019, Mehlman filed an amicus brief, joined by close to three dozen other Republican leaders, arguing in support of the rights of LGBT people in the workplace. The brief argued that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 explicitly prohibits discrimination against gay men, lesbians and transgender people in the workplace due to language in the law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex. In addition, Mehlman wrote an op-ed for The New York Times outlining his reasons for believing that the fight for gay rights upholds the Republican values of economic freedom and personal liberty. In the piece, Mehlman writes that firing an employee because of their sexual orientation or gender identity is "... unethical and un-American, and the Supreme Court has the opportunity to read the clear language of Title VII [of the Civil Rights Act] and affirm that it is illegal."

Personal life
Mehlman is Jewish and lives in New York City.

title: Ken Mehlman


text: Category:Languages of Tunisia

title: Category:Languages of Tunisia


text: User talk:67.184.163.54

title: User talk:67.184.163.54


text: Category:Cantons of France

title: Category:Cantons of France


text: Category:Languages of Syria

title: Category:Languages of Syria


text: Category:Lunatica albums

title: Category:Lunatica albums