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Felice Bonetto

Felice Bonetto (9 June 1903 in Manerbio, near Brescia, Italy – 21 November 1953 in Silao, Mexico) was a courageous racing driver who earned the nickname Il Pirata (The Pirate).

He was a road racing legend, who started racing in the 1930s, and enjoyed a brief Formula One career, including a win in the non-Championship Grande Premio do Jubileu in 1953. During his Formula One career, he raced Italian cars, starting with a privateer Maserati for Scuderia Milano, then the works Alfa Romeo, and finally the works Maserati, achieving two shared podiums finishes in the World Championship. His greatest successes were in sport cars, winner of the 1952 Targa Florio, but his career and life were cut short when he fatally crashed into a lamp post in the 1953 Carrera Panamericana whilst leading.

Debut and early career
Felice Bonetto was born in Manerbio, which in the province of Brescia, the home of the Mille Miglia. Despite that, he began to race, very young, on motor bikes. The switch to four wheels came very late to modern standards; he, in fact, already 28 when he participated in the Bobbio-Penice, with a Bugatti. Despite having to make do with cars that not always competitive, but the results were not lacking. In 1933, Bonetto was third in the infamous Gran Premio di Monza with an Alfa Romeo 8C 2600. The race will always be remembered as the Black Day of Monza, when three of Europe's greatest racing drivers crashed fatally within a few hours of each other: Giuseppe Campari, Mario-Umberto Borzacchini and Count Stanisław Czaykowski. He also finished second in the Coppa Principessa di Piemonte. A year later he came twelfth in the Mille Miglia, but he obtained his greatest success after World War II. After the World War II abruptly ended his career, as well as that of his colleagues of the time. Bonetto resumed his racing in 1946 with the small Cisitalia, before moving into Formula One.

Formula One
Although Bonetto had raced Formula One cars before, he made his World Championship F1 debut in the 1950 Swiss Grand Prix. He was five days short of his 47th birthday. He entered his own Maserati 4CLT in several Grands Prix, under the Scuderia Milano banner, and drove a works Alfa Romeo SpA in 1951, as their number three driver. He shared a third, with Giuseppe Farina in the Gran Premio d'Italia. A move to sports cars followed, but he returned to Formula One at the end of 1952 and had a good season in the Officine Alfieri Maserati in 1953, with a visit to the podium, when he again shared a third-place finish in the Grote Prijs van Nederland. This time partnered by José Froilán González. Away from the World Championship, Bonetto did have some success; he was second in the 1949 in the Gran Premio di Napoli in a Ferrari.

Ace of sport
More than F1, however, Bonetto had greater success in sports cars. He won the 1947 Circuito de Firenze driving a Delage 3000. In 1949 he was second in the Mille Miglia, behind Clemente Biondetti, both drove a Ferrari 166 MM Touring for Scuderia Ferrari, and in 1950 he won the Pontedecimo-Giovi hillclimb in an Osca and the Gran Premio di Oporto in his own Alfa Romeo. The following season, he drove for Alfa Romeo's new 1900TI model to class victory in the Giro di Sicilia. Then for 1952, he moved to Scuderia Lancia, and at the wheel of a Lancia Aurelia B20, he finished second on the Giro di Sicilia. He followed this with a sixth place in the Preis von Bremgarten and an eighth in the les 24 Heures du Mans, and finally a great win in the Targa Florio. He continued with the Scuderia Lancia outfit for 1953; claiming third in the Mille Miglia, second in the Gran Premio di Monza, victory in the Grande Premio do Jubileu at the Circuito de Monsanto and he became part of the squadron deployed to the Carrera Panamericana: his teammates for the race were Juan Manuel Fangio, Piero Taruffi, Giovanni Bracco and Eugenio Castellotti.

Death
The Carrera Panamericana, a notoriously dangerous and difficult public road rally in Mexico that took place over 6 days from one end of the North American country to the other, covering a distance of 2,000 miles (3,200 km). It was the last round of the 1953 World Sportscar Championship, and the race started on 19 November 1953, from Tuxtla Gutiérrez; Bonetto won the first stage, in front of his teammates Taruffi, Fangio and Castellotti. Taruffi would win the next two stages, although Bonetto remained in control. The third day of competition, Bonetto and Taruffi were close and continued to duel with each other; the second stage of the day, however, Taruffi went off the road in the foggy area before the small town of Silao, about 25 miles from León, damaging the steering of his Lancia. In the same locality, Bonetto crashed his Lancia against the balcony of a house, ending up against a pole. Bonetto hit his head on the balcony at speed and was killed instantly. Prior to the event, Bonetto with Taruffi and other Italian drivers reportedly marked dangerous corners along the route with blue signs. His accident happened at one of those locations – despite this care in marking the corners, Felice would take a 60 mph corner at 125 mph. After Bonetto's death, team owner Gianni Lancia wanted to withdraw his cars from the race, but the surviving drivers decided to keep on racing in honour of their teammate. Fangio, Taruffi and Castellotti led to the finish giving Lancia first three places, but it was a success that was not rejoiced, as besides Bonetto the race also claimed the lives of fellow Italian drivers, Antonio Stagnoli and Giuseppe Scotuzzi, as well as six spectators. Bonetto is buried in the Cimitero Italiano section of the Panteón Civil de Dolores, México City.

Bonetto family in the automotive world
The contribution of the Bonetto family to the automotive world did not end with the death of Bonetto. The nephew, Rodolfo Bonetto, was a leading figure in the field of Italian architecture and industrial design. Rodolfo's son, Marco, continued in this field as chairman of Bonetto Design. As for Felice's own son, Roberto Bonetto has dedicated his career to journalism, to become deputy editor of Quattroruote.

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title: Felice Bonetto


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Magnolia campbellii

Magnolia campbellii, or Campbell's magnolia, is a species of Magnolia that grows in sheltered valleys in the Himalaya from eastern Nepal, Sikkim and Assam, India, east to southwestern China (southern Xizang, Yunnan, southern Sichuan) and south to northern Myanmar.

Description
Magnolia campbellii is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree growing to 30 m, rarely to 45 m, tall, with smooth grey bark. The leaves are 10–23 cm (rarely to 33 cm) long and 4.5–10 cm (rarely to 14 cm) broad, fuzzy underneath and with an acute apex. The flowers are very large, 15–25 cm (rarely 35 cm) diameter, with 12-16 tepals, which vary from white to dark pink. They appear very early, before the leaves, opening from late winter to early spring. After opening, the innermost tepals remain erect while the others spread widely. This arrangement may shelter the stamens and stigmas from rain, snow, and other harsh environmental conditions common during their very early flowering time period.

Hooker named the species after Archibald Campbell, Superintendent of Darjeeling.

Varieties
There are two varieties:
 * Magnolia campbellii var. campbellii. Western part of the species' range, in the Himalaya. Shoots and flower stalks thinly hairy.
 * Magnolia campbellii var. mollicomata. Eastern part of the species' range, in Yunnan and surrounding areas. Shoots more densely hairy, flower stalks thickly felted.

Cultivation
Magnolia campbellii is grown as an ornamental tree for its breathtaking flowers, though successful flowering is limited to mild areas with no late spring frosts. Magnolia campbellii var. mollicomata flowers slightly later and is less likely to have its flowers frost-damaged.

Young trees take a long time to reach flowering age and need deep, moist soil and a mild, sheltered site.

Cultivars
Several cultivars have been named, including 'Alba' (white flowers), 'Charles Raffil' (bright purple-pink flowers; starts flowering on younger trees), and 'Strybing White' (white flowers).

A number of hybrids with other Magnolias have also been developed.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Magnolia campbellii


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Franck Lagorce

Franck Lagorce (born 1 September 1968) is a racing driver from France. He participated in two Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 6 November 1994. He scored no championship points.

Career
Lagorce competed in French Formula Ford between 1987 and 1989, and was runner up in the French Formula Renault Championship in 1990. He stepped up to the French Formula Three Championship in 1991 and won the title the following year. He competed in Formula 3000 for the next two years, winning four races and finishing the 1994 season in second place. He was Ligier's test driver in 1994 and 1995 and drove in the last two races of the 1994 Formula One season when Johnny Herbert moved to Benetton to replace JJ Lehto who had been loaned to Sauber. He then became test driver for Forti Corse in 1996.

He won the Renault Spider trophy in 1996, and has since competed in production car and sportscar racing.

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title: Franck Lagorce


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Talk:Napoleon and the Jews

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 August 2018 and 4 December 2018. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Joshua14314.

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page.

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Temple of Solomon
There is a mildly relavant famous quotation from Napoleon, "If I governed a nation of Jews, I should reestablish the Temple of Solomon." I'm not sure of the exact context, but I believe he was explaining his opposition to the extreme anti-Catholocism of the French Republic and proposing rapprochement with the Catholic Church, but still the quotation is probably well enough known that we might want to mention it here, giving context. If I have understood the context, it also indicates Napoleon as someone who simply found religion useful. -- Jmabel | Talk 23:34, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

Good point. And a good quote. I modified the article to add that spin, setting up the already existing quote to better express his motivations. --Goodoldpolonius2 03:12, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Jewish state in Palestine letter
OK, I know you Americans are very keen on Israel and that it's not so true of the French, but still. Comparing the French and English versions of this article, I see that here more than half of it is a letter saying that Napoleon wanted to create a Jewish state in Palestine and the French article doesn't even mention it but is even larger. This leads me to several conclusions:
 * The historical importance is grossly overstated here and understated there. As I'm working on the English wikipedia, I'm going to make a summary followed by a link to the full text.
 * There is much more to say about Napoleon and the Jews than there is here, so I'm going to translate a lot of the French article into here.
 * I found myself some more work and my productivity at the office will further decrease because of that d*** f*****g wikipedia.

Jules LT 15:49, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Jules, I don't think that the difference is being keen on Israel, I think it has to do with the size of the block quote from the letter, which is, as you say, disproportionate to its importance, but simply the full text. Napoleon was much more important for his role in Jewish emancipation than he was for proposing a Jewish state.  Feel free to adjust and expand, I look forward to reading it.  You may want to look at the Jewish emancipation, Haskalah, and Jewish political movements articles to make sure they match your views, since they have related material. --Goodoldpolonius2 18:00, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

This article and History of the Jews in France seem to carry different stories on the same topic: one says that Napoleon liked the Jews, the other that he disliked them. Could somebody knowledgeable about it do something coherent? David.Monniaux 17:48, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I did some additional research, and attempted to bring the two articles in sync, somewhere in between the tone of the first and second. --Goodoldpolonius2 22:13, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

Berel Wein
This edit removed:

"Historian Berel Wein in Triumph of Survival states that Napoleon was primarily interested in seeing the Jews assimilate, rather than prosper as a separate community: 'Napoleon's outward tolerance and fairness toward Jews was actually based upon his grand plan to have them disappear entirely by means of total assimilation, intermarriage, and conversion.'"

I'm inclined to restore, but the citation is vague (no edition, no page). The relevance seems clear, assuming the quotation is accurate, and I would not object to someone else restoring, even without better citation. -- Jmabel | Talk 03:47, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I've restored it. Jayjg (talk) 23:12, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

Alsace
With reference to the Alsatian Jews, the following was cut anonymously and without comment: "He declared it dangerous to allow so large a preponderance of the Jews, who constituted a state within a state, in a part of the French empire bordering upon the territories of its enemies. A week later, however, he had reached a milder view, and in the same assembly declared against any persecution of them." I hesitate to readd it without a source. Does someone have one? - Jmabel | Talk 04:01, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Neutrality
I am not positive that this article is written from a neutral standpoint. The article hints that Napoleon was a fair and well-to-do man. In reality, many of his decrees limited the power of the nation as a whole, including Jews. I do not think this article is neutral. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.199.230.233 (talk) 00:51, 29 March 2007 (UTC).

Napoleon and the Masons
Another group that arguably had a special relationship with Napoleon is the Freemasons. One one had, he is thought to have opposed certain far-left groups within the lodges, but obtained support from some of the more conservative Masonic leadership. He also contributed to spreading the French revolution to Spain and Germany and was a strong supporter of secularism, against the wishes of the Pope. ADM (talk) 11:59, 18 June 2009 (UTC)

Bonaparte and a Jewish state in Palestine
this part is lacking proper referencing, it cites a Fan page, or a blog... needs to be removed... Arab League User (talk) 04:00, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Massacre in Marseille
"(The return of the Bourbons was equally accompanied in 1815 by the massacre of Muslim troops who had served Napoleon, in Marseille.)"

This section near then end of the article has no reference. I am unable to find any reputable source to back it up. Could anyone find a suitable reference, I'm curious as to what actually happened. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.144.81.169 (talk) 16:30, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

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Proposed Edits
Good evening,

I am currently enrolled in a Jewish History course; we have finished the unit on Jewish Emancipation in Europe.

After reading through the article, I was wanting to add some more information on the topics presented:

1) I plan to discuss in more detail the series of consistories that Napoleon implemented throughout Europe in the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries: for example, I would like to discuss how he organized the consistories (with one central consistory in Paris, overseeing the other local consistories scattered throughout Europe). I also plan on adding detail regarding how consistory leadership was appointed. I plan to highlight the consistories' role as the conduits between French government and the local Jewish communities, communicating French ideals and desires to the Jewish community, and enforcing French ideals and law.

2) I plan on adding some more detail regarding the Infamous Decree that Napoleon implemented in 1808 - cancelling many of the debts owed to Jewish moneylenders. (The decree also has other implications, such as instating a draft of young Jewish men into the French army.) Napoleon also implemented another decree in 1808 requiring Jews to adopt personal names (rather than being addressed as "X son of Y").

3) I also plan to discuss the effects that the emancipation had on the Jewish community, specifically regarding the vast migration of Jews across France and eastern Europe that resulted. Similarly, there is evidence presented that many Jews did integrate into French society, some serving as important government officials

4) I also plan on revising the lead paragraph to include the material I added.

 * All of my information comes from the book The Jews of Modern France by Paula E. Hyman, the Lucy Moses Professor of Modern Jewish History at Yale University.

I would appreciate any comments or suggestions you may have on my proposed edits Joshua14314 (talk) 07:41, 15 November 2018 (UTC)
 * This looks promising. It would have been nice to know where each of these changes are going to be in the article. I imagine the info on the consistories will add to what the article already says about consistories? And will the Infamous Decree information add to what the article already says about that? (by the way, the Wiki article uses French for the Infamous Decree; worth inserting a translation for non Francophone readers). Where will your number 3 go? But this looks like a great addition.Chapmansh (talk) 23:09, 20 November 2018 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:History of the Jews in Abkhazia which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 05:14, 5 June 2020 (UTC)

In the Grand Sandherin article these are presented as laws that the Sandherin chose and Napoleon merely enforced
Seems like some movements are allowed to have it both ways, while most of the time wikipedia isn't permitted to directly contradict itself 206.174.198.66 (talk) 14:32, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

 * The Sandherin was convened by Napoleon to endorse what he wanted to do anyway - historians are quite clear on that. MrOllie (talk) 16:01, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

This page directly contradicts other wiki pages
Notably the page on usury, the page on the Grand Sandherin and probably others, which put forward the "fact" that Jewish people were always forbidden from usury, and that in fact a council of rabbi's are the ones who told Napoleon,not vice versa as this page presents.

Which page is lying? 206.174.198.66 (talk) 14:36, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Neither. The Sandherin simply offered a new interpretation (it was not 'always forbidden' and neither article says so) that conformed to what Napoleon was looking for. MrOllie (talk) 16:02, 1 February 2023 (UTC)
 * There's an interpretive controversy about Deuteronomy 23:20-21 that long predates Napoleon, and the majority view is that it allows Jews to pay interest to gentiles but not to charge interest. The Napoleonic Sanhedrin adopted that view over the minority view that charging of interest to gentiles was allowed. Obviously this was the interpretation that Napoleon wanted it to adopt but it also had authentic support in Jewish jurisprudence (as did most of the Sanhedrin's other answers). 100.33.53.237 (talk) 15:27, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Napoleon and the Jews


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Franco Forini

Franco Forini (born 22 September 1958) is a former racing driver from Switzerland. He competed in the Italian Formula Three Championship between 1981 and 1985, winning the title in his final year in a Dallara-Volkswagen with future Formula One team Forti Corse, and finishing as runner up in the Monaco Grand Prix Formula 3 support race in the same year. He moved up to Formula 3000 in 1986 with little success. He participated in three Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 6 September 1987. He scored no championship points.

After his brief stint in Formula One, he returned to Formula 3 in 1988 and 1989 without any further success. He later ran a transportation and shipment company in Minusio.

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title: Franco Forini


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Franco Rol

Franco Rol (5 June 1908 in Turin – 18 June 1977 in Rapallo ) was a racing driver from Italy. He participated in five Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 21 May 1950. He scored no championship points. He also participated in many non-championship Formula One events.

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François Mazet

François Mazet (born 24 February 1943 in Paris ) is a former racing driver from France. He participated in only one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, finished 13th and scored no championship points.

Mazet won the French Formula Three Championship in 1969 with a Tecno, and moved to Formula Two (F2) with the Sports Motor team alongside Tim Schenken for 1970. It was not a successful move and with sponsorship from Shell Petroleum, Mazet raced Jo Siffert's F2 Chevron when Siffert was unavailable as well as touring cars for Ford Germany. The association with Siffert led to Mazet driving the team's March 701 at Paul Ricard in the 1971 French Grand Prix. This however, was his only attempt at Formula One.

After his racing career ended, Mazet was involved in the sponsorship of Lotus by Essex Petroleum in the 1980s.

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title: François Mazet


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Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia

The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia (PCEA) is a small Presbyterian denomination which was formed in Sydney on 10 October 1846 by three ministers and a ruling elder. As of December 2012 it consists of 13 pastoral charges with a total of 17 regular preaching points, 12 serving ministers, 1 minister without charge, 6 retired ministers and a community of about 800 (including about 450 communicant members).

Origins
In October 1840 the Presbyterian ministers then in mainland Australia formed the "Synod of Australia in connection with the Established Church of Scotland". However, the movement in the Established Church of Scotland, which resulted in the exodus of about 40% of the ministers in 1843 to form the Free Church of Scotland, had repercussions in Australia. Ultimately the Australian Synod decided to retain its legal and moral connection with the Established Church despite the acceptance of what was considered improper State interference by that body, contrary to the Confession of Faith. This led to Rev William McIntyre (Maitland), Rev John Tait (Parramatta), Rev Colin Stewart (Bowenfels) and Samuel Martin (Hunter elder) protesting and constituting a new Synod on the original basis. While independent of the Free Church of Scotland, the PCEA received its ministers from that source in the early years. In far-off Melbourne, James Forbes of Scots Church also protested and withdrew. He formed the Free Presbyterian Church of Australia Felix (afterwards Victoria). The remnant of this body joined the PCEA in 1953.

History
The revolution caused by the discovery of gold in 1851, brought more ministers and a vastly increased population. The three Presbyterian divisions then existing in Australia – representing the Established, Free and United Presbyterian Church of Scotland streams – achieved union over the years 1859/1865. Sections of the latter two streams remained apart, the Free because of the practical compromise considered to be involved in the united body receiving ministers from the different streams, despite the Free Church of Scotland policy from 1858 being in favour of colonial unions. It was considered that diversity of view at this point established an attitude which would lead to diversity on other points at the very heart of the faith. There was also concern that toleration of a view point found among United Presbyterians could lead to the secular ideal of the state, which indeed developed in the 20th century. The PCEA became a very active body, although short of ministers until 1853.

Seven of the 22 PCEA ministers in November 1864 stayed out of the union. Most early PCEA members were Highland Scots or conservative Irish Presbyterians. The PCEA grew to 12 ministers within a few years of 1864, despite the death of early leaders, but suffered a serious schism in 1884 over the training of students. This was not healed until the 20th century, and much ground was lost. A section of the Brushgrove-Grafton congregation was not reconciled and joined the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland in 1911. [The descendants of this group have a church in Grafton and another in Riverstone (Sydney).] Additionally there was no recognition by the Free Church of Scotland from 1864 until after 1900, when close relations were resumed with the section that stayed outside the union which formed the United Free Church of Scotland in 1900. There was a painful dispute in the 1970s which led to a minister who made exaggerated claims for the King James Version of the Bible being removed in 1979. The repercussions contributed to several ministers joining the Presbyterian Church of Australia. The New International Version (1984) or the New King James Version are the most generally used translations at present. Of recent times the church has been stable with increasing diversity of ethnic origins represented in its membership and ministerial ranks. Until recent years the membership was largely outside major cities. Currently (2017) about 60% of the following is in the capital cities of Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne.

Distinctive position
The PCEA is distinguished from the Presbyterian Church of Australia (PCA) by adherence to "the whole doctrine" of the Confession of Faith as adopted by the Church of Scotland in 1647 and vindicated in the Scottish Disruption of 1843. It does not have what it considers an ambiguous Declaratory Statement, such as that of the PCA, which includes allowance of "liberty of opinion on matters not essential to the doctrine" without defining what is essential. Despite this difference there have been many strong connections with the PCA, particularly since it has moved to a more conservative theological position since 1977. One minister served as Professor in the PCA's Theological College in Melbourne (1977–81), another as Principal of Presbyterian Ladies' College (Melbourne) (1986–97), and another has written extensively on Australian Presbyterian history.

The PCEA is often noted for its practice of exclusive psalmody. This is the maintenance of the older pre-1870 approach to public worship among Presbyterians in which the 150 psalms of the Word of God in metrical form were exclusively used, and without instrumental accompaniment. The Scottish Psalter of 1650 was traditionally used in the PCEA, but is now supplanted in most congregations by more modern versions either the version produced by Melbourne PCEA in 1991, or the version produced by the Free Church of Scotland in 2003. The principle behind the practice of exclusive psalmody is that Scripture should regulate our worship and that we cannot do better than to use the Word of God in the public worship. The actions of the Free Church of Scotland in November 2010 in relaxing its stance on a capella psalmody have no bearing on the practice of the PCEA.

Organisation
The PCEA’s supreme assembly is a Synod which meets annually hosted by one of the congregations. The PCEA has a long-standing arrangement enabling ready interchange of ministers with the Free Church of Scotland, and is a member of the International Conference of Reformed Churches (ICRC). More recently, interchange of ministers with the Reformed Churches of New Zealand (2006) and with the Orthodox Presbyterian Church in the US (2007), both also ICRC members, has been approved. The PCEA does not operate its own theological college, but has trained ministers in the Free Church of Scotland College, Edinburgh, at the Reformed Theological College, Geelong, and, more recently, in the training institutions of the mainline Presbyterian Church, supplemented in certain subjects. In Victoria it has friendly relations with the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Australia which has congregations at Geelong, Frankston and MacKinnon, and whose presence in Australia also dates from colonial times.

The current communicant membership (31/12/2017) is about 450 with a total community of about 800. At the same date there were 11 ministers in pastoral charges and another seconded to provide leadership for Australian Indigenous Ministries (formerly Aboriginal Inland Mission). A significant work has developed among Sudanese refugees in Melbourne, with one minister from the Nuer people of South Sudan.

The main centres are:
 * Northern Presbytery: Brisbane (Woolowin); Northern Rivers (Maclean, Grafton); Hastings (Wauchope, Port Macquarie)
 * Central Presbytery: Manning (Taree); Hunter (Queens Avenue, Cardiff, Raymond Terrace); Sydney: St Georges, 201a Castlereagh Street, Mount Druitt, Bexley North
 * Southern Presbytery: Geelong (Newcomb), Melbourne - Knox (Wantirna), All Nations (Mulgrave); Carrum Downs; Narre Warren; Ulverstone, Tasmania


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François Migault

François Migault (4 December 1944 – 29 January 2012) was a racing driver from Le Mans, France. He participated in 16 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 13 August 1972, but scored no championship points.

Career
A native of Le Mans, he also entered the 24 Hours of Le Mans race 25 times, between 1972 and 2002.

Migault's first attempt in Formula One in was with the small, underfunded Connew team that managed to start in only one race. In, he drove almost a complete season with British Racing Motors after both BRM drivers of 1973, Niki Lauda and Clay Regazzoni, had moved to Ferrari.

In, a few races with the ill-fated Embassy Hill team and Williams followed. In Formula Two that year, Migault achieved some success with an Osella FA2, scoring one point.

Migault continued to compete at Le Mans until he was in his mid-fifties and achieved a best finish of second in 1976, together with two other podium finishes.

Migault died on 29 January 2012 after a long battle with cancer.

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title: François Migault