text:
User talk:Mackensen/Archive2

WikiProject British Government?
Do you think it might be a good idea to start a wikiproject to try to standardize the various succession tables that've been being put at the bottom of articles on British politicians? For someone like Churchill, the whole thing is madness - some work towards standardizing might be in order. john 21:33, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Be careful with Hulthenhem - it'll sometimes list as extant peerages which have become extinct - cross reference with hereditarytitles.com, or whatever. (Also, are you aware of ? john 00:20, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

Re List of Baronies: I have a list you may find useful here (it lists most of the extant ones in the English and Scottish Peerages). I seem to recall that many of the ones listed on the page you linked to are dormant though not extinct (and it's also rather out of date for extinctions, especially with the less senior Peerages). I've long avoided beginning a list of Baronies, purely because there were so many created by Writ between the Conquest and the start of Letters Patent, and the switch from feudal baronies to personal hereditary peerages is at best murky and at worst a complete mystery. Perhaps a different approach from the other degrees might be useful: a List of Baronies by Letters Patent, together with a List of extant Baronies by Writ. (I think that Baron de Beauchamp in the late 14th century was the first Baron by LP, although there were other Barons by Writ after that one.) Proteus (Talk) 00:41, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

It looks like it's complete for extant peerages, but unfortunately there are literally hundreds (perhaps thousands) of extinct Baronies to list. :( This will be a monumental task. We really do need a database dump from hereditarytitles.com... Proteus (Talk) 23:24, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, the peerage, 19th century European history, lists of rulers and so forth don't seem to engender much controversy. I'll just focus on that kind of stuff, and ignore the rest for the moment. That's the stuff I actually enjoy doing on here, anyway. john 06:06, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

Lord Halifax
Do you happen to know the name of the 2nd Earl of Halifax's wife. Was it The Hon. Ruth Primrose? I would appreciate it if you knew.Ragussa 09:57, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

Kenneth Alan
Kenneth Alan's case is now in arbitration. See Requests for arbitration/Kenneth Alan. You may wish to add comment to Requests for arbitration/Kenneth Alan/Evidence Mintguy (T) 14:20, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I thought I had best bring it to you attention as I had mentioned and indeed quoted you. Thanks Mintguy (T) 01:02, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Holocaust
Thanks for your comments. I am still waiting from comments from some other Users here before I propose the article as an alternative to the present one. Keep an eye on the article for when this happens, and I will certainly value your support. Adam 04:44, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Henry Labouchere
Thanks for your compliment about the Edward Cardwell work!

Just FYI: I plan to work on the two Henry Laboucheres later this week. I have collected the material, and I just need to write the articles and fix the links. Steve Casburn

"The Lord/ The Lady"
As a rule, younger sons of Dukes & Marquesses use "The Lord Forename Surname." The eldest son, however, uses the courtesy title without the definite article. Daughters of Dukes, Marquesses & Earls similarly use "The Lady Forename Surname." The simple "Lady Forename Surname" is reserved for Ladies of the Garter and the Thistle. -- Emsworth 16:06, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Typo Redirects
I try not to get in an argument about them - it does no good. I can't fathom why people think that keeping true typos (i.e. ones that show 0 matches in Google) does any good at all, but they do. At the same time we're deleting real content because it's "not encylopedic" (not that I necessarily disagree with those choices), there's no content in a typo redir, so even less reason to keep it... Just keep listing them, the vast majority get nuked with no problems. Noel 10:32, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
Hey, I've nominated you for adminship, if you want to accept. john k 00:53, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

You're a sysop!
I'm pleased to let you know that, consensus being reached, you are now an administrator. Congratulations!. You should read the relevant policies and other pages linked to from the administrators' reading list before carrying out tasks like deletion, protection, banning users, and editing protected pages such as the Main Page. Most of what you do is easily reversible by other sysops, apart from page history merges and image deletion, so please be especially careful with those. You might find the new administrators' how-to guide helpful. Cheers! -- Cecropia | Talk 01:55, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

List of Lordships
Oops. I've put back Abernethy and Lorne, but Graham is just further down, as it was created in 1445 according to Cracroft's. Proteus (Talk) 19:34, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Hmm. Cracroft's has the person we have listed at Duke of Montrose as Patrick Graham, 2nd Lord Graham as "Patrick [Graham], 1st Lord Graham", and his father as "Alexander Graham, yr. of Kincardine, 1st son and heir ap. of Sir William Graham of Kincardine". It even has an exact date for the creation (28 June 1445). How odd, as I believe Leigh's information is taken directly from the CP. Anyway, Cracroft's is very complete (except for Abernethy and Lorne, at any rate), so we should have pretty complete lists of Baronies when I get around to doing the English and Irish ones. Proteus (Talk) 19:49, 1 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Happy Birthday
Happy birthday, Mackensen! Whosyourjudas (talk) 00:14, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm also -4:00 - but this way I don't have to stay up until midnight my time. Crazy - it's already tomorrow in Wikipedia-land!Whosyourjudas (talk) 00:30, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Seconded! Many happy returns, sir. Madame Sosostris 01:36, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Henry Bartle Frere
I thought wiki convention was to /not/ include titles in people's names ? Wizzy 11:34, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)

George Woshingtin
Hi, if you don't mind, I'm going to delete your latest GW entry from RfD before most people can see it (and comment yet again), because it's not really useful to have the same debate all over again. Candidates for speedy deletion clearly says that:

 * Redirects can be immediately deleted if [they] were created very recently as a result of a typo

I.e. they can be nuked on sight, no discussion needed, no waiting needed. And I do. So if this ever comes back again, just zap it, or, if you're reluctant to do it yourself because you're involved, drop me a line privately, and I'll do it. Sigh, I was just getting ready to delete all the previous debate on it when someone added another comment, so I thought I'd let it go for a day or so before I did it. Noel 12:29, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Witchaven
It's all too bizarre for me. I voted to keep. RickK 00:15, Oct 4, 2004 (UTC)

Kissinger
Sorry that you got involved in that but there is currently an edit war going on between myself and VV. He started going through my list of contributions and deleting everything he didn't like and since he didn't stop after repeated warnings I am now doing the same with his edits. I hope he comes to reason soon and this childish conflict can come to an end.

Turrican

You've seen Turrican confess to his inappropriate tactics (WP:POINT), but I take issue with you saying that what I'm doing is "unacceptable". By "deleting everything he didn't like" Turrican is apparently referring to a single article on which I reverted a POV edit and a second article where I inserted a "disputed" message. You would agree he is exaggerating? V V 00:29, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I think reverting someone whose declared intention is to revert my edits without prejudice is wholly within the bounds of proper behavior. V V 00:53, 5 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I have again and again offered to leave your pages alone if you stop with the vandalism. You didn't delete my articles because they are not NPOV but because they don't show your POV - whose moral foundations I choose not to comment on. My intentions is in no way to continue this edit war, but I will not someone like have control over what I write just because you are unscrupulous in your methods. I also would like to point out that in both cases you are the only one who disagrees with my edits - and they have been up since weeks. Turrican

Mackensen

I wrote my answer on your page because I found it rather confusing to have three different pages where we are talking about the same issue. VV has just reported on my page that is "not willing to negoatiate.Period". I fear this also rules out any form of medidation. I welcome any proposals how to end this mess. Turrican

Re: Mind-body problem
Ah, blessed relief. That guy was driving me nuts. I suspected that he was blocked, because it had been a couple minutes since he had any activity.

Regarding the Communism Template
Thanks for your input. If you know of any good ways to shrink the damn thing down for the smaller pages, I'd love to hear it! -- Oceanhahn 06:42, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I modified the layout significantly. What do you think? --Oceanhahn 10:23, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

My nomination for adminship
Thank you for supporting my nomination for adminship. I will do my best to serve Wikipedia. --Slowking Man 00:05, Oct 13, 2004 (UTC)

Admin nomination
G'day mate, thanks for your support for my nomination for admin! - Ta bu shi da yu 03:22, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Not sure about these early peerages...
I would say to go by Complete Peerage. I'll try to take a look, although I'm not sure when I'll get a chance. john k 00:18, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Cold War
Compare the different wordings insisted on in Kim Jong-il and Efrain Rios Montt. "Professional encyclopedic standards" means different things on different sides of the Cold War. Very Verily 08:00, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

You raised a good point on my talk page... While the list of "U.S. foreign interventions" is more accurate than the list of "Soviet power plays during the Cold War," which assumed any event happening under a Communist regime was orchestrated by the Kremlin, even as the Kremlin was losing control of itself in the late '80s and early '90s, I do agree that it ought to go... I don't know if a redirect to Cold War is possible, though, given that list covers more ground than the Cold War (e.g., the airwar against Yugoslavia and the 2003 invasion of Iraq)... What we need instead is a legitimate article on U.S. military and diplomatic history, as opposed to these un-encyclopedic lists... If you want to redirect the article to, say, Military and diplomatic history of the United States (1945-present) and use the material as a basis for starting a new article, you have my support. 172 12:23, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Proposed Turrican vs. VerrVerily Arbitration case
As you can see from Requests for arbitration, it has not been accepted as a case (yet, possibly); also, I feel that it would be inappropriate as an Arbitrator for me to suggest what you action you should take. Sorry.

James F. (talk) 19:42, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Peerages
Hello, I see you've been tidying up those pages on the de Ros barony - and boy, did they need it! We don't seem to have met before, but I always like to say hello to people whose interests overlap with my own. So hello. Deb 22:16, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Page Protection
While no one had broken the three-revert rule, it looked like the two parties were going through back and forward reversions... The Fujimori page is also a source of frequent edit wars. 172 20:59, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Duke of Wellington
see Talk:Duke of Wellington (disambiguation)

The Orthodox Free Reformed Church
This IS A REAL CHURCH, so what is your problem? Please STOP DISPUTING our right to be here! (Church Members)

thank you, for ...
... edit on today's feature article. you beat me to it by a hair. let's see how long it takes for someone to wrong it again.Sfahey 02:42, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Admin vote
I just wanted to drop you a quick note to thank you for supporting my nomination for admin status. It means a great deal to me that I get support despite my relatively low number of edits.

Thanks again, ClockworkTroll 06:40, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

re front page snafus
The front page goof that irked me most appeared some 6 weeks back, on the "Battle of Normandy":
 * The Battle of Normandy in 1944, codenamed Operation Overlord, was the invasion of Nazi-occupied Western Europe by the Allies.

Now I'm not a history major, just a semi-retired doc with a lot of spare time, but I thought there were two glaring errors in this first sentence, and one more subtle one. Eventually, after some minor "edit wars", it shook out O.K.. Try it for yourself.

On a related question, I wonder if perhaps articles generally regress after they make "feature". Can one find the date an article got accepted and see if this is so? I imagine the wiki-bosses have considered "freezing" articles until they make the front page, to keep them from regressing while on hold, but have some good reason for not doing so.Sfahey 21:46, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

FYI: New temporary ArbCom order
New temporary order:

3) Shorne and VeryVerily are banned from editing any article having to do with the Cold War or communism whilst Arbitration is on-going. Sysops may use their discretion in determining what falls into these areas, and are hereby authorized to enact 24 hour blocks for violations of this.

--mav 20:50, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Unblocking IPs
Here's something uncontroversial you should be able to help with. Apparently the IP address I had been using was "autoblocked" while my account was. The account is (as you can see) no longer blocked, but the software does not seem to have undone the autoblocks. Could you take care of that? Several dozen people use this IP, and it seems there are at least three or four autoblocks on it. Very Verily 21:56, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Never mind, Michael Snow just took care of it. Cheers, Very Verily  21:58, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

List of asexuals
Please restore this article if you know how. Someone deleted it again, of course without discussion. Shorne 18:30, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

VfD tag from Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe.
I placed the tag on the wrong page. I never bother to check it. I do apologize for the mistake. I do understand how VfD works, and this is one of those times that a person slips. Once again, I apologize.

A quick note to say thanks

I just wanted to drop you a quick note to thank you again for your support in my request for adminship. It was certainly a wild ride, and I really appreciate you taking some time out to contribute. ClockworkSoul 16:09, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

And another...
Thanks for your support for my adminship request! --jpgordon{gab} 04:30, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Navboxes
I think that the years are unnecessary for the peers, but otherwise I find it excellent. -- Emsworth 20:31, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I believe that one can just enter a space instead of entering the actual years; this allows one not to include the years. See Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby now. -- Emsworth 20:36, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, would you agree that it would be a good idea to include the First Lord of the Treasury position in the navigation tables? Currently, they are not included for Prime Ministers, unless either (a) the previous PM was not a First Lord or (b) the next PM was not a First Lord. This system seems rather arbitrary; I think it would be appropriate to include the First Lord box in all cases. -- Emsworth 20:51, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)

User:Tc191
saw that you talked with User:Tc191. For your information he vandlized elephant, I reverted it.

title: User talk:Mackensen/Archive2


text:
Marcel Beaubien

Marcel Beaubien (born c. 1942) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 2003 and unsuccessfully sought election to the House of Commons of Canada as the Conservative candidate in the federal riding of Sarnia-Lambton in 2004.

Background
Beaubien was an insurance broker in private life, and served as President of the Sarnia United Way.

Politics
He began his political career at the municipal level, serving as a councillor in Petrolia, of which he later became mayor. He also served as a regional councillor for Lambton County.

He was elected to the Ontario legislature for the provincial riding of Lambton in the provincial election of 1995, defeating Liberal candidate Larry O'Neill by over 4,000 votes. The Progressive Conservatives won the election, and Beaubien served as a government backbencher for the next four years. In 1995, Beaubien put pressure on the newly elected provincial government to intervene in the native protest at Ipperwash which culminated in the Ipperwash Crisis. From July 1995 to April 1997, Premier Mike Harris assigned him as the Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. In 1998, he was responsible for a spearheading a government decision to deny Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) coverage to patients seeking sex-change operations.

In the provincial election of 1999, Beaubien defeated O'Neill again by fewer than 1,000 votes in the redistributed riding of Lambton—Kent—Middlesex. As before, he was not appointed to cabinet and served as a government backbencher. On April 25, 2002, newly minted Premier Ernie Eves appointed him to the position of parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Finance, Janet Ecker.

The Progressive Conservatives were defeated in the provincial election of 2003, and Beaubien lost his seat to Liberal Maria Van Bommel by over 3,500 votes. The following year, he challenged long-serving Liberal MP Roger Gallaway in the federal riding of Sarnia—Lambton, and lost by over 5,000 votes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Marcel Beaubien


text:
User:Cdworetzky

Introduction
I am currently attending Western Washington University, studying Linguistics and Computer Science, culminating in a Bachelor of Arts in Linguistics, Accounting and Computer Science. I am interested in Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Speech Recognition, Programming language semantics and Cognitive Science, specifically where they all apply to logic-based sytems for Computational Linguistics. Outside of academics, I am an avid player of Dungeons and Dragons (and father of a very large but failed campaign), I watch tons of anime and tinker with computer hardware when I get the chance to. I am also very interested in creative writing. I am currently learning Japanese and Russian, with the intent of eventually becoming fluent. That is the intent, anyway.

Excuse me for the gigantic amount of userboxes, but I couldn't resist...

Articles I Have Started
Lost Universe

Articles I Have Contributed To
Logogram, Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water, Cyber Team in Akihabara, Faust, Light novel, Wii, Sakura-Con, Primary Auditory Cortex, Chrono Trigger, Back-formation, Dreamfall, Radeon R420, Saber Marionette

title: User:Cdworetzky


text:
Tokomaru

Tokomaru may refer to:

 * Tokomaru Bay, a bay and town on the East Coast of New Zealand
 * Tokomaru, New Zealand, a town in the Horowhenua district
 * Tokomaru railway station in Horowhenua
 * Tokomaru (canoe), a Māori migration canoe
 * SS Tokomaru, a British cargo ship, built in 1893 and torpedoed in the English Channel in 1915

title: Tokomaru


text:
File:Foreigner - Inside Information.jpg

Summary

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Foreigner - Inside Information.jpg


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User talk:Tornapartbydingos

Do not vandalise articles like Jesus. If you continue, you will be blocked from editing. ugen64 04:01, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tornapartbydingos


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European Film Awards

The European Film Awards (or European Film Academy Awards) have been presented annually since 1988 by the European Film Academy to recognize excellence in European cinematic achievements. The awards are given in 19 categories, of which the most important is the Best Film. They are restricted to European cinema and European producers, directors and actors. The awards were officially also called the "Felix Awards" until 1997, in reference to the former award's trophy statuette, which was replaced by a feminine statuette.

Since 1997, the European Film Awards have been held in early- to mid-December. Hosting duties have alternated between Berlin, Germany in odd-numbered years and other European cities in even-numbered years. The 33rd European Film Awards were held on 12 December 2020 as a virtual ceremony. In reaction to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian films were excluded from the 2022 European Film Awards.

Awarding procedures
Feature films participating in the European Film Awards must be European feature-length fiction films intended for normal theatrical release which must have had their first official screening (be it at a festival or at a regular cinema) after 1 July of the year before. Based on a selection of approximately 40 films recommended for a nomination, the members of the European Film Academy vote for the nominations in the main categories, which are announced in early November at the Seville European Film Festival. Based on the nominations, the members of the European Film Academy then vote for the winners which are announced at the European Film Awards Ceremony in early December.

Controversies
The European Film Academy (EFA) Awards' Best Film winner, Melancholia became the third Lars von Trier film to win EFA's top award, following Breaking the Waves (1996) and Dancer in the Dark (2000) – this despite the fact that the filmmaker became embroiled in a nasty controversy after making jokes about Jews and Adolf Hitler at that year's Cannes Film Festival.

Eligibility
The criteria whereby a film qualifies as European are based upon the European Convention on Cinematographic Co-production, Appendix II, issued by the Council of Europe. This definition might be extended for Israeli and Palestinian works and nationalities. A cinematographic work qualifies as European if it achieves at least 16 points (out of 21).

The European Film Academy uses a lower minimum of 13 points.

Host cities

 * undefinedEuropean Capital of Culture event

Up through the 2018 ceremony, 15 cities in 10 countries have hosted the contest. Berlin has been host 14 times, Potsdam 3 times, and Paris 2 times. Barcelona, Bochum, Copenhagen, Glasgow, London, Riga, Rome, Seville, Tallinn, Valletta, Warsaw, and Wroclaw, have each hosted once.

Current categories

 * Best Film
 * Best Comedy
 * European Discovery
 * Best Animated Feature Film
 * Best Short Film
 * Best Documentary Film
 * Best Director
 * Best Actor
 * Best Actress
 * Best Composer
 * Best Editor
 * Best Screenwriter
 * Best Production Designer
 * Best Cinematographer
 * Best European Co-Production
 * Best Sound Designer
 * Best Costume Designer
 * Best Makeup and Hairstyling
 * Best Visual Effects

Audience awards

 * Audience Award for Best Film
 * Young Audience Award
 * University Award (Student's Choice)

Special awards

 * Lifetime Achievement
 * Achievement in World Cinema

Defunct awards

 * Best Non-European Film
 * Best Young Film
 * Best Supporting Actor
 * Best Supporting Actress
 * Best Supporting Performance
 * Best Young Actor or Actress
 * People's Choice Award Best Actor
 * People's Choice Award Best Actress
 * People's Choice Award Best Director
 * Prix d'Excellence
 * Critics Award
 * Award of Merit
 * Honorary Award
 * Special Jury Award
 * European Cinema Society Special Award
 * Special Mention

Proposed awards

 * Best Animated Short Subject
 * Best Live Action Short Subject
 * Best Documentary Short Subject
 * Best Music Video
 * Best Cast
 * Best Action or Adventure Film
 * Best Sound Editing
 * Best Sound Mixing
 * Best Screenwriter - Adapted
 * Best Screenwriter - Original
 * Best Costume Designer in Contemporary Film
 * Best Costume Designer in Historic Film
 * Best Costume Designer in Unreal World (Sci-Fi/Fantasy) Film
 * Best Production Designer in Contemporary Film
 * Best Production Designer in Historic Film
 * Best Production Designer in Unreal World (Sci-Fi/Fantasy) Film
 * Best Makeup and Hairstylist in Contemporary Film
 * Best Makeup and Hairstylist in Historic Film
 * Best Makeup and Hairstylist in Unreal World (Sci-Fi/Fantasy) Film
 * Best Choreographer
 * Best Original Song
 * Best Poster
 * Best Stunt Ensemble
 * Best Actor – Series
 * Best Actress – Series
 * Best African Film
 * Best Latin American Film
 * Best North American Film
 * Best Asian Film
 * Best Middle East and North Africa Film
 * Best Australia and Pacific Film

Timeline

 * undefinedCategory included in the cumulative category named Award of Excellence or Artistic Contribution Achievement
 * undefinedCategory included in the Production Designer category
 * undefinedCritics choice transferred to European Discovery
 * undefinedPeople's Choice transferred to European Parliaments Lux Prize Audience Film Award

Films with multiple wins

 * 8 wins
 * The Favourite (2019)
 * 6 wins
 * Good Bye, Lenin! (2003)
 * The Ghost Writer (2010)
 * The Square (2017)
 * Cold War (2018+2019)
 * Anatomy of a Fall (2023)
 * 5 wins
 * Talk to Her (2002)
 * Caché (2005)
 * Volver (2006)
 * Gomorrah (2008)
 * Ida (2014)
 * Toni Erdmann (2016)
 * 4 wins
 * Open Doors (1990)
 * Toto the Hero (1991)
 * Dancer in the Dark (2000)
 * Amélie (2001)
 * Amour (2012)
 * The Great Beauty (2013)
 * Another Round (2020)
 * Quo Vadis, Aida? (2021+2022)
 * Triangle of Sadness (2022)
 * 3 wins
 * High Hopes (1989)
 * The Northerners (1992)
 * Les Amants du Pont-Neuf (1992)
 * Breaking the Waves (1996)
 * All About My Mother (1999)
 * Sunshine (1999)
 * Sophie Scholl – The Final Days (2005)
 * The Lives of Others (2006)
 * The White Ribbon (2009)
 * The King's Speech (2011)
 * Melancholia (2011)
 * Youth (2015)
 * Land of Mine (2016)
 * Dogman (2018)
 * Flee (2021)
 * The Promised Land (2023)

title: European Film Awards


text:
Talk:Inca mythology

"Citation needed" not working for me
Tried a few diff methods and just doesnt work. Even tried copying verbatim from another location on page. If someone could fix it (would like to know why doesnt work either) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 38.43.16.144 (talk) 20:13, 11 March 2023 (UTC)

Proposed merger
All the articles in the list seem to be one sentence articles. Recommend merging with this article. --Hemanshu 17:26, 5 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, I would agree as well. Have them all merged into one. If someone writes sufficient content for an entry, it can have its own page. No one seems to want to add more than one sentence for them. Almost all of them are currently stubs. Existing articles can be re-directed to this page after merging. RedWolf 06:50, Mar 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * I moved this page to Inca mythology and added some content from the Manco Capac page. Zenyu 15:17, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * There doesn't seem to be any particular reasoning for why most of the deities merged into the "minor deities" section were merged here instead of left to their own articles. It seems that the main criterion for determining "minor" is how much text the deity has currently written, rather than how major the deity was in Inca religion.  Also, merging all of those deities makes it impossible to use categorization schemes on the Inca deities (for example, Category:Deities by association).  I'm going to revert the articles that were merged into this one unless anyone objects.  -Sean Curtin 04:01, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm researching the dieties now, but all of those articles were possible candidates for deletion. Please write proper articles for them if you believe they need them or place them in the Wiki dictionary. Zenyu 14:02, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Just because an article is short isn't grounds for deletion. Containing incorrect information is, though it's easier to correct or remove the false data.  -Sean Curtin 01:00, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sean posted this comment before I had moved the "Incan mythology" talk page over Zenyu 13:45, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Please don't move the contents of pages by cut-and-pasting text; it makes it very difficult to look at its actual edit history. See meta:Help:Renaming (moving) a page.  -Sean Curtin 01:00, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Incan "books"
Incans didn't have a written language. They did have some sort of knotted cord records, called Khipus. There is currently a theory put forward by Gary Urton that the Khipus represented a binary record keeping system capable of recording phonological or logographic data. Many of these Khipus were distroyed by the Spanish. Very few still remain. 18:37, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The Inca did have picture books, these were destroyed as well; there was a priest who described one of these in detail, but his name escapes me a the moment. As for the khipus there are about 100 that have survived, the conquistadors were not able to capture anyone that could read them. Some of the surviving khipus may be Huari ones though. There are accounts of Inca historians using khipus to tell the Spanish priests about Inca history, and Guaman Poma says they were used for the census and in administering taxes and welfare payments. FYI the knowledge we have on the Inca religions is based mostly on missionary manuals written by the church to help convert Quechuas. --Zenyu 22:42, Dec 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't know much about it, I have a buddy who is a linguistics major and is reletively fluent in Quechua, I was pretty much quoting him in what I said. Interesting stuff tho, too bad so much info was lost. 22:51, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * There is a list of fragmentary pages some of which might find a home here: Shortpages/Mythology/SouthAmerican/Incan. --Wetman 08:32, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I have not found any evidence of Spanish burning Khipus except a single oft repeated story about and old man and and an angered conquistador where the man claims it records the atrocities of Spaniards, incensing the conquistador who then burns all his khipus. Even this though, I have been unable to find a single original source for (though, limited searching). Is there something that can be cited for this? Velicity (talk) 18:40, 31 March 2019 (UTC)

Redirect
Almost all of the information on this page currently redirects back to this page, making circular loops with no additional information.

Sources needed
This article has been tagged as unsourced. I suggest someone qualified take a swing at it, as sooner or later it will come under fire for that reason. Jusdafax  16:26, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Inca mythology


text:
Maroon

Maroon (US/UK, Australia   ) is a brownish crimson color that takes its name from the French word marron, or chestnut. "Marron" is also one of the French translations for "brown".

Different dictionaries define maroon differently. The Cambridge English Dictionary defines maroon as a dark reddish-purple color while its "American Dictionary" section defines maroon as dark brown-red. Lexico online dictionary defines maroon as a brownish-red. Similarly, Dictionary.com defines maroon as a dark brownish-red. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary describes maroon as "a brownish-crimson or claret colour," while the Merriam-Webster online dictionary simply defines it as a dark red.

In the sRGB color model for additive color representation, the web color called maroon is created by turning down the brightness of pure red to about one half. It is also noted that maroon is the complement of the web color called teal.

Etymology

Maroon is derived from French marron ("chestnut"), itself from the Italian marrone that means both chestnut and brown (but the color maroon in Italian is granata and in French is grenat), from the medieval Greek maraon.

The first recorded use of maroon as a color name in English was in 1789.

In culture

 * Religion
 * Vajrayana Buddhist monks, such as the Dalai Lama, wear maroon robes.
 * Maroon, along with golden yellow, is worn in the Philippines by Catholic devotees of the Black Nazarene, especially during its procession on 9 January.

 * National symbols
 * Maroon and white are the colors of the Flag of Qatar.
 * Flag of Phoenix, Arizona is maroon and white.
 * Maroon, gold, teal and orange are the colors of the Flag of Sri Lanka
 * The Flag of Latvia has sometimes been called maroon and white, although the officially declared colors were red and white, and in 2009 were amended to carmine and white.
 * Maroon was named as the official color of the state of Queensland, Australia, in November 2003. While the declared shade of maroon in sRGB is R=115, G=24, B=44, Queenslanders display the spirit of the state by wearing all shades of maroon at sporting and cultural events.

 * Politics
 * Maroon is the color of the Dutch far-right political party Forum for Democracy.

 * Military
 * The distinctive maroon beret has been worn by many airborne forces around the world since 1942. It is sometimes referred to as the "red beret."
 * Historically maroon was the distinguishing color of the Caçadores (rifle) regiments of the Portuguese Army.

 * Business
 * Maroon is the signature color of the Japanese private rail company, Hankyu Railway, decided by a vote of women customers in 1923. In the 1990s, Hankyu planned an alternative color as it was developing new vehicles. That plan was called off following opposition by local residents

 * Music
 * The Famous Maroon Band
 * Maroon 5
 * "Maroon" by Taylor Swift

 * School colors

Many universities, colleges, high schools and other educational institutions have maroon as one of their school colors. Popular combinations include maroon and white, maroon and grey, maroon and gold, and maroon and blue.

 * Maroon and White are the official school colors of Texas A&M University.
 * Maroon and Gold are the official school colors of Texas State University
 * Maroon and Gold are the official school colors of Boston College.
 * Maroon and Gold are the official school colors of the University of Minnesota.
 * Maroon and Gold are the official school colors of the Central Michigan University.
 * Maroon and Gold are the official school colors of Shimer College, representing Mount Carroll Seminary.
 * Maroon is the official school color of the University of Chicago. The school also employs light and dark gray in its official primary color palette.
 * Maroon and White are the official school colors of Lower Merion High School.
 * Maroon and White are the official school colors of Mississippi State University and the name of the university's alma mater.
 * Maroon and White are the official school colors of Colgate University.
 * Maroon and White are the official school colors of Missouri State University.
 * Maroon and White are the official school colors of Littlefield High School
 * Maroon and White are the official school colors of Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
 * Maroon and White are the official school colors of University of Massachusetts Amherst
 * Maroon and Gold are the official school colors of Arizona State University and the name of the university's fight song.
 * Maroon and Black are the official school colors of Cumberland University.
 * Maroon and Orange are the official school colors of Virginia Tech.
 * Maroon and Orange are the official school colors of Crooms Academy of Information Technology.
 * Maroon and Gold are the official colors of Elon University.
 * Maroon and Blue are the official colors of Port Rex Technical High School in South Africa.
 * Maroon and Forest Green are the primary and complementary institutional colors of the University of the Philippines System.
 * Maroon and Gold are the school colors of the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA in the Philippines

 * Sports

Sports teams often use maroon as one of their identifying colors, as a result, many have received the nickname "Maroons."
 * The University of Chicago Maroons have used the nickname (and the corresponding color) since a vote came at a meeting of students and faculty on May 5, 1894.
 * The University of the Philippines Fighting Maroons competes in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines and is based in their Diliman Campus. The moniker has been associated with their teams since the 1930s, except for a brief period in the 1960s when they were known as the Parrots.
 * The University of Perpetual Help Altas, playing in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines) use the color as their primary uniform, derived from their school colors.
 * Heart of Midlothian F.C. have played in predominantly maroon colours since 1877, although they had maroon badge and trimmings in their first kit from their formation in 1874.
 * Official colour of Italian association football team Torino F.C. Club's fans are known as I Granata (the Maroons in italian).
 * Official colour of Argentina's association football team Club Atlético Lanús (Los Granates).
 * Maroons was the official nickname of the athletic teams representing Mississippi State College, now Mississippi State University from 1932 until 1961 when it was officially changed to the Bulldogs. Bulldogs had been used as an unofficial nickname as far back as 1905.
 * Maroons is also the common nickname for the Queensland Rugby League team when it plays against the Blues (the New South Welshmen) in an annual competition of three games known as the State of Origin series in Australia.
 * West Indies cricket team wears all maroon clothing in limited-overs cricket whilst in Test cricket, they wear maroon cricket caps.
 * Galway and Westmeath wears primarily maroon clothing when playing home Gaelic Athletic Association matches.
 * In North American thoroughbred horse racing, the number 14 horse uses a maroon saddle cloth with the number in yellow.
 * In pool, the color of the 7 and 15 billiard balls are traditionally maroon.

Maroon (Crayola)
The color designated as maroon in Crayola crayons since 1958 (when it was renamed from dark red) is a bright medium shade of maroon halfway between brown and rose.

Rich maroon (maroon (X11))
Displayed in the adjacent table is the color rich maroon, i.e. maroon as defined in the X11 color names, which is much brighter and more toned toward rose than the HTML/CSS maroon shown above.

See the chart Color name clashes in the X11 color names article to see those colors that are different in HTML/CSS and X11.

Mystic maroon
Displayed at right is the color mystic maroon, one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Silver Swirls, the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 1990.

Although this is supposed to be a metallic color, there is no mechanism for displaying metallic colors on a computer.

Dark red
Displayed in the adjacent table is the web color dark red.

UP Maroon
UP Maroon is the shade used by the University of the Philippines as its primary color.

title: Maroon


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Swan, Texas

Swan is an unincorporated community in central Smith County, Texas, United States. It is located on U.S. Highway 69, three miles north of Tyler. According to the Handbook of Texas, in "...1892 Swan had a population of 200, ten fruit growers, a blacksmith, a carpenter, two doctors, a railroad agent, three schoolteachers, three cotton gins, a general store, and a sawmill." Swan is currently home to a long-standing popular motocross track.

The community is part of the Tyler Metropolitan Statistical Area.

title: Swan, Texas


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User:Just for me

does anyone know what thomas paines sister and wife's name where?if you know any really special info about him can you tell me??thank you!

title: User:Just for me


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Inside Information (album)

Inside Information is the sixth studio album by the British-American rock band Foreigner, released on December 7, 1987. The album debuted at 15, on the Billboard 200 Albums Chart and was certified Platinum in the U.S. for sales exceeding one million copies. Although a huge standard by any country's charting method, the band's sales were certainly plummeting since the release of 4 in 1981. It was the last album to feature the '80s core lineup of Gramm, Jones, Wills, and Elliott.

"Say You Will" was released as the album's first single. Allmusic later noted that the single was a "good example" of the band's "balancing act" as "the guitar-heavy style of their early work gave way to slick arrangements that pushed electronics to the fore...temper(ing) its rock guitar edge...and Lou Gramm's quasi-operatic vocals...by thick layers of chiming synthesizers and an array of electronic textures." The single reached #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became their fourth #1 hit on the Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, holding the top spot for four weeks. The song also became the band's third-highest charting hit in Germany, where it reached #22, faring even better in Switzerland, the Netherlands, and particularly Norway, where it reached #4. The CD single featured an extended remix version of the track.

The second single, "I Don't Want to Live Without You", reached #5 on the Hot 100. Markedly softer than any of their work to date, the record was their first and only #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart, after the more rousing ballads "Waiting for a Girl Like You" and "I Want to Know What Love Is" had reached #5 and #3 on that chart respectively. Allmusic would later observe that while "the end result lacked the distinctive rock touches of past Foreigner ballads, Lou Gramm contributes a lead vocal that avoids histrionics in favor of an emotional but very smooth delivery" over "washes of synthesizer...fleshed out by some meditative electric piano riffs". Nevertheless, the song charted at mainstream rock radio, where it peaked at #18. The #5 Hot 100 peak was their best showing in six singles, yet despite being followed up by more impassioned, up-tempo material it would be their last major pop hit to date.

The next single from the album was "Heart Turns to Stone", which had peaked at #7 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in an earlier non-commercial release only to rock radio but only managed #56 on the Hot 100 several months later in 1988. Cash Box said that even if "Heart Turns to Stone" could be called "corporate rock" the song works, and that "what Foreigner loses in pure originality they gain in accessibility and clarity."

The following year saw a successful solo album and singles from Lou Gramm and found Mick Jones releasing an album and producing for artists including Billy Joel.

"Out of the Blue" was notable for being the only song in the band's catalog to be credited to all four members from the classic 80's lineup.

Foreigner

 * Lou Gramm – lead vocals, percussion
 * Mick Jones – keyboards, guitars, backing vocals
 * Rick Wills – bass, backing vocals
 * Dennis Elliott – drums

Additional personnel

 * Peter-John Vettese – keyboards
 * Tom Bailey – additional keyboards (4)
 * Kevin Jones – Synclavier
 * Hugh McCracken – Spanish guitar (7)
 * Sammy Merendino – electronic percussion
 * Mark Rivera – saxophone (1), backing vocals
 * Ian Lloyd – backing vocals

Production

 * Producer – Mick Jones
 * Co-Producer, Recording, and Mixing – Frank Filipetti
 * Assistant Engineer – Billy Miranda
 * Mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound (New York City, NY).
 * Technical Support – Kevin Jones
 * Pre-Production Assistant – Warren Austerer
 * Art Direction – Bob Defrin
 * Group Photography – E.J. Camp
 * Front and Back Photography – Roger Corbeau
 * Management – Bud Prager

title: Inside Information (album)


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Talk:Inside Information (album)

Which came first?
The article needs to tell which one came first: this album or Lou Gramm's solo album Ready Or Not. Gringo300 (talk) 20:10, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

Requested move 12 December 2014

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: no consensus to move the page, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 03:59, 17 December 2014 (UTC)

Inside Information (album) → Inside Information – It has redirected there for 2 years; if Inside Information (disambiguation) is to be moved there, it should be using RM instead. – 189.225.27.154 (talk) 22:36, 10 December 2014 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 09:19, 12 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Makes more sense to move the dab to baseline. In ictu oculi (talk) 23:48, 10 December 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree with IIO. There are 4 other competing topics on the dab page without even considering Insider trading. —BarrelProof (talk) 04:48, 11 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose for the reasons above, per my comment recorded when contesting the technical request. —BarrelProof (talk) 18:23, 14 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose for reasons stated. It would be helpful if editors could conduct Google searches etc on titles before making wild claims re primary. GregKaye  ✍ ♪  18:13, 14 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose. If there's a primary topic here, it would probably be the concept of non-public information that the DAB places in the context of insider trading on significance grounds. Either way, the primary topic position shouldn't be pointing here. Egsan Bacon (talk) 16:34, 15 December 2014 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Inside Information (album)


text: File:Foreigner - Unusual Heat.jpg

title: File:Foreigner - Unusual Heat.jpg


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James David Vaughan

James David Vaughan (December 14, 1864 – February 9, 1941) was an American music teacher, composer, song book publisher, the founder of the Vaughan Conservatory of Music and the James D. Vaughan Publishing Company.

Biography
Vaughan was born in Giles County, Tennessee, the son of George Washington and Eliza (Shores) Vaughan. He died February 9, 1941.

Vaughan is generally considered to be one of the founders of the genre now known as "Southern gospel" music. He started the James D. Vaughan Music Publishing Company in 1900 in Minor Hill, Tennessee, and in 1910 moved to Lawrenceburg, Tennessee. He taught shape note singing schools. He was the first to establish a professional quartet and put them on the road for the purpose of selling songbooks. The Vaughan School of Music was formed in 1911 in Lawrenceburg. Numerous gospel performers would study there in the following years. In 1912, Vaughan began the Vaughan Family Visitor, an influential publication across the South during the early 20th century.

In 1922, Vaughan founded one of the first radio stations in Tennessee, WOAN, where he broadcast Southern Gospel music until 1930. He also founded the first record company based in the South, Vaughan Phonograph Records. Vaughan was also involved in local politics, serving as mayor of Lawrenceburg from 1923 to 1927, a position his brother Charles Wesley and son would hold after him.

As one of the most significant figures in southern gospel music, James D. Vaughan was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1972 and the Southern Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1997.

title: James David Vaughan


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A Midsummer Night's Dream (opera)

A Midsummer Night's Dream, Op. 64, is an opera with music by Benjamin Britten and set to a libretto adapted by the composer and Peter Pears from William Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream. It was premiered on 11 June 1960 at the Aldeburgh Festival, conducted by the composer and with set and costume designs by Carl Toms. Stylistically, the work is typical of Britten, with a highly individual sound-world – not strikingly dissonant or atonal, but replete with subtly atmospheric harmonies and tone painting. The role of Oberon was composed for the countertenor Alfred Deller. Atypically for Britten, the opera did not include a leading role for his partner Pears, who instead was given the comic drag role of Flute/Thisbe.

Performance history
A Midsummer Night's Dream was first performed on 11 June 1960 at the Jubilee Hall, Aldeburgh, UK as part of the Aldeburgh Festival. Conducted by the composer, it was directed by the choreographer John Cranko.

The work received wide critical approval following its early performances. Howard Taubman in his review of the Aldeburgh premiere wrote that the orchestral colors of the score conveyed a sense of "soaring illusion" that never wavered and concluded: "Not every problem posed by Shakespeare has been solved, but Mr. Britten has accomplished so much that one may safely predict a wide vogue for his latest and happiest opera."

A dissenting voice was Britten's estranged collaborator W. H. Auden. In a letter to Stephen Spender after seeing the 1961 London production, Auden dismissed it as "Dreadful! Pure Kensington".

Dream was performed at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in 1961, produced by John Gielgud and conducted by Georg Solti. This production was revived six times to 1984.

The English Music Theatre Company staged the opera at Snape Maltings in 1980, directed by Christopher Renshaw and designed by Robin Don; the production was revived at the Royal Opera House for one performance in 1986.

In 2005, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, produced a version directed by Olivia Fuchs at the Linbury Studio Theatre with the Tiffin Boys' Choir. William Towers was Oberon, and Gillian Keith Tytania.

English National Opera's production of 2011, directed by Christopher Alden, set the opera in a mid-20th-century school, with Oberon (Iestyn Davies) and Tytania (Anna Christy) as teachers and Puck and the fairies as schoolboys. Oberon's relationship with Puck (Jamie Manton) is given overtly sexual overtones, and Puck responds with alternate anger and despair to Oberon's new-found interest in Tytania's Changeling boy. The silent older man who stalks the action in the first two acts is revealed to be Theseus (Paul Whelan); reviewers have suggested that in this staging Theseus himself was once the object of Oberon's attentions, and is either watching history repeating itself, or is in fact daydreaming the magical events of the opera prior to his marriage to Hippolyta.

Baz Luhrmann directed a music video of an arrangement of "Now Until the Break of Day" from the finale of act 3 for his 1998 album Something for Everybody featuring Christine Anu and David Hobson.

Instrumentation

 * woodwinds: 2 flutes (2nd with piccolo), oboe (with English horn), 2 clarinets, bassoon
 * Brass: 2 horns, trumpet in D, trombone
 * percussion (2 players): timpani, triangle, cymbals, tambourine, gong, 2 wood blocks, vibraphone, glockenspiel, xylophone, tamburo, snare drum, tenor drum, bass drum, 2 bells
 * Other: 2 harps, harpsichord (celesta), strings (minimum: 4.2.2.2.2)
 * Stage band: sopranino recorders, cymbals, 2 wood blocks

Analysis
Britten delineated the three tiers of characters, the rustics being given folk-like "simple" music, the lovers a more romantic sound-world and the fairies being represented in a very ethereal way. Almost all of the action now takes place in the woods around Athens, and the fairies inhabit a much more prominent place in the drama. The comic performance by the rustics of Pyramus and Thisbe at the final wedding takes on an added dimension as a parody of nineteenth-century Italian opera. Thisbe's lament, accompanied by obbligato flute, is a parody of a Donizetti "mad scene" ("Il dolce suono").

The opera contains several innovations: it is extremely rare in opera that the lead male role is written for the countertenor voice to sing. The part of Oberon was created by Alfred Deller. Britten wrote specifically for his voice, which, despite its ethereal quality, had a low range compared to more modern countertenors. Oberon's music almost never requires the countertenor to sing both at the top of the alto range and forte.

The plot of the opera follows that of the play, with several alterations. Most of Shakespeare's act 1 is cut, compensated for by the opera's only added line: "Compelling thee to marry with Demetrius." Therefore, much greater precedence is given to the wood, and to the fairies. This is also indicated by the opening portamenti strings, and by the ethereal countertenor voice that is Oberon, the male lead, who throughout is accompanied by a characteristic texture of harp and celeste, in the same way that Puck's appearance is heralded by the combination of trumpet and snare-drum.

The opera opens with a chorus, "Over hill, over dale" from Tytania's attendant fairies, played by boy sopranos. Other highlights include Oberon's florid – the exotic celeste is especially notable – aria,"I know a bank" (inspired by Purcell's "Sweeter than roses", which Britten had previously arranged for Pears to sing), Tytania's equally florid "Come now, a roundel", the chorus's energetic "You spotted snakes", the hilarious comedy of Pyramus and Thisbe, and the final trio for Oberon, Tytania and the chorus.

The introduction of a chorus of boy-fairies means that the opera becomes greatly concerned with the theme of purity. It is these juvenile fairies who eventually quell the libidinous activities of the quartet of lovers, as they sing a beautiful melody on the three "motto chords" (also on the four "magic" chords) of the second act: "Jack shall have Jill/Naught shall go ill/The man shall have his mare again/And all shall be well." Sung by boys, it could be considered that this goes beyond irony, and represents an idealised vision of a paradise of innocence and purity that Britten seems to have been captivated by throughout his life.

Britten also pays attention to the play's central motif: the madness of love. Curiously he took the one relationship in the play that is grotesque (that of Tytania and Bottom) and placed it in the centre of his opera (in the middle of act 2). Women in Britten operas tend to run to extremes, being either predators or vulnerable prey, but Tytania is an amalgam; she dominates Bottom, but is herself completely dominated by Oberon and Puck, the couple that are usually considered to really hold power in The Dream. Their cruel pranks eventually quell her coloratura, which until she is freed from the power of the love-juice is fiendishly difficult to sing.

Britten also parodied operatic convention in less obvious ways than Pyramus and Thisbe. Like many other operas, A Midsummer Night's Dream opens with a chorus, but it is a chorus of unbroken boys' voices, singing in unison. After this comes the entrance of the prima donna and the male lead, who is as far away as possible from Wagner's heldentenors, and as close as it is possible to get to Handel's castrati of the 18th century.: "There is an air of baroque fantasy in the music." Britten's treatment of Puck also suggests parody. In opera, the hero's assistant is traditionally sung by baritones, yet here we have an adolescent youth who speaks, rather than sings.

Britten thought the character of Puck "absolutely amoral and yet innocent." Describing the speaking, tumbling Puck of the opera, Britten wrote "I got the idea of doing Puck like this in Stockholm, where I saw some Swedish child acrobats with extraordinary agility and powers of mimicry, and suddenly realised we could do Puck this way."

Recordings
There are many recordings available, including two conducted by the composer, one a live recording of the 11 June 1960 premiere with the complete original cast, the second a studio recording made in 1967 with some of the original cast, Deller as Oberon, Owen Brannigan as Bottom, and Peter Pears elevated from Flute to Lysander, which omits some music from the lovers' awakening early in act 3.

title: A Midsummer Night's Dream (opera)


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Paly

Paly may refer to:
 * In heraldry, variation of the field with a pattern of pallets (vertical bars)
 * A local nickname for Palo Alto High School in Palo Alto, California, USA

title: Paly


text: Category:Virgin Records albums

title: Category:Virgin Records albums


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Emiliano Mercado del Toro

Emiliano Mercado del Toro (August 21, 1891 – January 24, 2007) was a Puerto Rican supercentenarian and military veteran who was, at age 115, the world's oldest person following the death of 116-year-old Elizabeth Bolden on December 11, 2006, until his own death on January 24, 2007. He had already been the world's oldest man from November 19, 2004, upon the death of Fred H. Hale, Sr. At the time of his death in January 2007, aged 115 years and 156 days, Mercado was the second oldest fully validated male ever, behind Danish-American Christian Mortensen's record of 115 years 252 days. Japanese man, Shigechiyo Izumi, was still believed to be older at the time of Mercado's death, but his record was withdrawn by Guinness World Records in 2010.

Biography
Emiliano (known to his family as "Emilio") was born in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico (at a time when Puerto Rico was a Spanish colony), the son of Delfín Mercado Cáceres and Gumercinda del Toro Padilla. Emiliano worked in the cane fields until the age of 81. He never married and never had children, but said he had three "girlfriends" (love interests) in his life.

Accolades
Mercado first came to the attention of longevity researchers in 2001, after a story about a 110-year-old veteran in a parade in Puerto Rico. Researchers tried to track him down, but no documents were forthcoming until after the November 2004 death of Fred H. Hale, Sr. By January 2005, Guinness had accepted Emiliano as the oldest living man.

Mercado was 27 years old in October 1918 when he was drafted into the U.S. Army to serve in World War I. He was still at a training camp in Panama when the November 11, 1918 armistice was declared. He later became the longest-lived veteran of any military force, exceeding the previous oldest veteran, Antonio Todde.

In 1993, he was honored by U.S. President Bill Clinton with the medal commemorating the 75th anniversary of the signing of the truce that ended World War I. Mercado del Toro, the elder of two siblings, had to move from his familiar Cabo Rojo grounds due to a fall he had in his home when he was 102, which affected his hipbone. His 85-year-old niece took him to live with his relatives, and he was well taken care of by nieces and nephews - and their families, who called him "Tío Millo" ("Uncle Millo")- at their home in Isabela.

The mayor of Isabela, Puerto Rico said a home for the elderly would be renamed in his honor.

Later life
Mercado could reminisce about being a child when U.S. troops invaded Puerto Rico in 1898, and he clearly remembered the fighting that marked the end of Spain's colonial empire in the Americas. He credited his longevity to funche, a boiled corn, codfish and milk cream-like dish, which he ate every day as a habit.

His last two birthdays were media events in the town of Isabela. Civic leaders and veterans commended Mercado on his endurance and lucid mind, but the "gift" he would enjoy the most was the visit of Puerto Rican vedette and media icon Iris Chacón. In an interview, Mercado claimed to be a great fan of the artist, and particularly of her derrière ("That rump was something serious!", he was quoted as saying). Chacón visited Mercado, who, although he could barely see or hear by the time of his 114th birthday, was pleased with her visit. His photo touching Chacón's rear end, with a big smile on his face, made newspaper headlines in Puerto Rico. She returned the following year to greet him. After hearing news of Mercado's death, Chacón was quoted as saying: "I feel like I've lost my own grandfather. I was blessed for knowing him, knowing that I made him happy, and blessed for the anecdotes and wishes he told me the times I met him. His wisdom is something I learned a lot from. His life is an example of how you're supposed to live your life, happily and doing good, for it will give you longevity and goodwill from everyone."

He was buried at Cementerio Municipal San Martín de Porres of his native town of Cabo Rojo, with mayors, legislators, fellow veterans and Puerto Rican "vedette" Iris Chacón in attendance. After his death, Emma Tillman took over as the world's oldest person and Tomoji Tanabe took over as the world's oldest man.

title: Emiliano Mercado del Toro


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Aldine Silliman Kieffer

Aldine Silliman Kieffer (August 1, 1840 – November 30, 1904) was a leading 19th century proponent of shape note musical notation, music teacher and publisher.

Kieffer was born near Miami, Saline County, Missouri. He died in Dayton, Virginia, and is buried there.

Kieffer was the grandson of Mennonite musician Joseph Funk. After Funk's death, he and Ephraim Ruebush took over Funk's publishing company. With Ruebush and John W. Howe, Kieffer founded the Kieffer, Ruebush, & Company music company circa 1873, which was moved from Singers Glen to Dayton, Virginia, in 1878. Kieffer was editor of the Musical Million and Fireside Friend periodical. The Musical Million, published from 1870 until 1914, was one of the leading tools promoting shape note music for almost a half century. It helped link teachers and students across the country, and published many songs in its pages.

Kieffer taught singing schools and used his songbooks in the schools. One of Kieffer's most popular song books was The Temple Star, published at Singer's Glen in 1877. One of his most popular songs was his poem Twilight is Stealing, set to music by B. C. Unseld in 1877 and published in the Temple Star.

Selected bibliography

 * The Starry Crown; for the Sabbath school, edited by Aldine S. Kieffer; Singer's Glen, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer, & Co., 1874.
 * The Temple Star: For Singing-Schools, Conventions, Choirs, Day-Schools and Musical Societies, edited by Aldine S. Kieffer; Singer's Glen, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer & Co., 1877.
 * The Shining Light; a varied collection of sacred songs for Sabbath-schools, social meetings, and the home circle, by J. H. Tenney and A. S. Kieffer; Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush Kieffer & Co., 1879.
 * Sharon's Dewy Rose; a collection of new music and hymns for the use of Sabbath-schools, prayer meetings, and special occasions, by A. S. Kieffer and J. H. Tenney; Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer & Co., 1880.
 * Sweet Fields of Eden; for the Sabbath school, by J. H. Tenney, A. S. Kieffer, and Wm. B. Blake; Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer,& Co., 1882.
 * The Zion Songster No. 1; for Sabbath Schools, edited by Aldine S. Kieffer; Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer & Co., 1885.
 * The Royal Proclamation, edited by Aldine S. Kieffer and William Blake; Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer & Co., 1886.
 * The Zion Songster No. 2; for Sabbath Schools, edited by Aldine S. Kieffer; Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer & Co., 1887.
 * The Star of Bethlehem, by J. H. Hall, J. H. Ruebush, and A. S. Kieffer; Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer, & Co., 1889.
 * Crowning Day, No. 2; a Collection of Gospel Songs for Sunday schools, revivals, young people's meetings, etc., by J. H. Hall, J. H. Ruebush, A. S. Kieffer, et al.; Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush, Kieffer, & Co., 1896.

title: Aldine Silliman Kieffer


text:
Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment

Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment, Inc. (doing business as Warner Bros. Home Entertainment; formerly known as Warner Home Video and WCI Home Video and sometimes credited as Warner Home Entertainment) is the American home video distribution division of Warner Bros. Discovery.

It was founded in 1978 as WCI Home Video (as a division of Warner Communications, Inc.). The company launched in the United States with twenty films on Betamax and VHS videocassettes in late 1979. The company later expanded its line to include additional titles throughout 1979 and 1980.

It is responsible for distributing the film and television library of Warner Bros. Discovery and other companies on various home media formats, such as DVD, Blu-ray, Ultra HD Blu-ray, digital, and streaming platforms. Some of the companies that Warner Bros. Home Entertainment distributes include Max, Warner Bros. Pictures, New Line Cinema, Warner Bros. Television, Warner Bros. Animation, Warner Bros. Pictures Animation, DC Entertainment, DC Studios, Viz Media, HBO, CNN, Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, TBS, TNT, TruTV, Turner Classic Movies, Rooster Teeth (until its closure in May 2024), Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, TLC, HGTV, Food Network and among others.

History
The company was founded in 1978 and launched in the United States with twenty films on Betamax and VHS videocassettes in late 1979. The company later expanded its line to include additional titles throughout 1979 and 1980.

Warner Bros. began to branch out into the videodisc market, licensing titles to MCA DiscoVision and RCA's SelectaVision videodisc formats, allowing both companies to market and distribute the films under their labels. By 1985, Warner was releasing material under their own label in both formats. Titles from Warner Home Video were and continue to be distributed and manufactured by Roadshow Home Video worldwide except for Australia and New Zealand because of its film counterpart's films released by Village Roadshow.

Warner also experimented with the "rental-only" market for videos, a method also used by 20th Century Fox for their first release of Star Wars in 1982. Two known films released in this manner were Superman II and Excalibur. Other films released for rental use include Dirty Harry, The Enforcer, Prince of the City, and Sharky's Machine.

In 1990, Warner Home Video acquired the worldwide home video rights to the MGM/UA catalog. The $125 million purchase was used to finance MGM/UA's acquisition by the Pathé Communications Corporation. The intended 12½-year-long deal was cut short in February 2000, with MGM paying Warner Home Video $225 million to regain video rights to a number of its films. In exchange, Warner Home Video gained full control over the video rights to MGM's pre-May 1986 library, an asset the studio had acquired outright from Turner Entertainment Co., but due to a pre-existing licensing deal with MGM, was originally expected to expire in 2001.

On December 20, 1996, Warner Home Video was one of the first major American distributors for the then-new DVD format, by releasing the films Assassins, Blade Runner: Director's Cut, Eraser, and The Fugitive on DVD in Japan and on March 24, 1997, in the United States with Blade Runner also being a launch title for the region there. Warner Bros. executive Warren Lieberfarb is often seen as "the father of DVD". Lieberfarb's successor, Warner Bros. executive James F. Cardwell was recognized in paving the way for WHV's strategic positioning in next generation technologies such as High Definition DVD (HD DVD), electronic sell-through and portable video. In 2003, Warner Home Video became the first home video releasing company to release movies only on DVD with no VHS equivalent.

In 2009, Warner Home Video introduced the Warner Archive Collection, which allows the public to order custom-made DVDs of rarely seen films and TV series from the Warner and Turner libraries. The films are also available as digital downloads. Warner Archive DVDs and downloads can be ordered online on Warner's website, on Amazon.com or one-time Turner Classic Movies-affiliated DVD website MoviesUnlimited.com.

On January 14, 2020, Universal Pictures Home Entertainment and Warner Bros. Home Entertainment announced that they would partner on a 10-year multinational joint-venture, merging their physical operations in North America. On April 7, 2020, the European Commission approved the merger and a year later, WBHE started distributing Universal's home media releases in the UK, Italy (until 2024) and Benelux. The company was later named Studio Distribution Services, LLC. It is unknown whenever SDS uses an on-screen logo; as where Warner releases by SDS use the 2017-present Warner Bros. Home Entertainment logo.

Starting in 2022, due to the finalization of the Warner Bros. Discovery merger, WBHE will distribute the television libraries of Discovery-owned networks including the flagship Discovery Channel and Animal Planet.


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Unusual Heat

Unusual Heat is the seventh studio album by British-American rock band Foreigner, released on June 14, 1991, by Atlantic Records. Recorded at several different studios across the state of New York and England, and produced by Terry Thomas and Mick Jones, it was the only album with lead singer Johnny Edwards. He replaced original lead singer Lou Gramm. Edwards, a veteran singer who'd done a tour of duty with Montrose and was then the frontman for another Atlantic act, Wild Horses. As Edwards told UCR in a separate interview, Wild Horses had only just signed its record deal — and although joining for Foreigner was obviously tempting for financial reasons if nothing else, he was reluctant to walk away from his own band after struggling for years to make it on his own terms.

Jones, however, was undeterred—and eager to work with a singer most fans hadn't heard of rather than hiring a big-name replacement who'd come with his own baggage. "We were in rehearsal and talks with a couple of guys who were both strong candidates and had kind of a name," he admitted. "I felt eventually that it was probably going to be better to not try and put an all-star band together, but to keep on the same kind of path with four people being involved in making a record and not really, I think I would probably say, cheapening the band at that point—cheapening the meaning and the direction of the band."

Unusual Heat was a commercial failure, only peaking at number 117 on the Billboard 200 chart – a sharp decline in sales comparing with all previous albums, all of which reached the Top 20 and became at least Platinum. Neither of the two singles released from the album charted on the Billboard Hot 100, with "Lowdown and Dirty" only charting on the Mainstream Rock chart at #4.

The original version of the song "Ready for the Rain", demoed by the Sacramento, CA based band Northrup in the late 1980s with Johnny Edwards on lead vocals, was finally released in 2001 by Metal Mayhem Music as part of a collection of demos under the name JK Northrup.

Foreigner

 * Johnny Edwards – lead vocals, backing vocals, lead guitar (on "Mountain of Love")
 * Mick Jones – keyboards, lead guitar, guitars, backing vocals
 * Rick Wills – bass, backing vocals
 * Dennis Elliott – drums

Additional musicians

 * Richard Cottle – keyboards
 * Tommy Mandel – keyboards
 * Terry Thomas – keyboards, guitars, backing vocals
 * Tony Beard – electronic percussion
 * Felix Krish – bass
 * Ian Lloyd – backing vocals
 * Mark Rivera – backing vocals
 * Rachele Cappelli – backing vocals
 * Angela Cappelli – backing vocals
 * Lani Groves – backing vocals
 * Vaneese Thomas – backing vocals

Production

 * Producers – Mick Jones and Terry Thomas
 * Recording Engineers – Rafe McKenna (Tracks 1, 3, 5-8 & 10); Andrew Scarth (Tracks 2, 4 & 9).
 * Assistant Engineers – Bruce Calder, Ellen Fitton, Michael Gilbert, Lolly Grodner, John Herman, Jon Mallison and Bernhard Speyer.
 * Mixing – Mick Jones and Terry Thomas (All tracks); Rafe McKenna (Tracks 1, 3, 5-8 & 10); Andrew Scarth (Tracks 2, 4 & 9).
 * Mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound (New York, NY).
 * Art Direction – Reiner Design Consultants
 * Photography – Timothy White
 * Art Direction for band photography – Bob Defrin
 * Management – Bud Prager for E.S.P. Management, Inc.

title: Unusual Heat


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The Hebrew Hammer

The Hebrew Hammer is a 2003 American comedy film written and directed by Jonathan Kesselman. It stars Adam Goldberg, Judy Greer, Andy Dick, Mario Van Peebles, and Peter Coyote. The plot concerns a Jewish crime fighter known as the Hebrew Hammer who must save Hanukkah from the evil son of Santa Claus, who wants to destroy Hanukkah and Kwanzaa and make everyone celebrate Christmas.

The film parodies blaxploitation films, and features Melvin Van Peebles in a cameo appearance as "Sweetback".

Plot
The film begins with a flashback to a young Mordechai Jefferson Carver. At school, Mordechai is tormented by his fellow students and his teacher for being a Jewish child in a public school predominantly attended by Christians, and for celebrating Hanukkah while everyone else celebrates Christmas. He feels further alienated as he walks through his neighborhood and sees a seemingly endless number of Christmas decorations and window displays celebrating the holiday and announcing that Jews aren't welcome. As he lies down on the sidewalk in front of a store saying "Jews 'OK' (for about 5 minutes)" and spins his dreidel to cheer himself up, Santa Claus walks by and crushes the toy under his foot, then gives Mordechai the finger.

The scene then changes to the present with Mordechai as the Hebrew Hammer, a certified circumcised "dick" who has dedicated his life to defending Jews. His snappy dress (a cross between that of a pimp and a Hasidic Jew) and tough-guy demeanor have made him a local hero within the Jewish community. Jews and African Americans have enjoyed a tenuous peace with the white Christians over the previous few decades because the current Santa (the son of the cruel Santa who stomped Mordechai's dreidel years earlier) has pursued a policy of inclusion and tolerance. This Santa is murdered and replaced by his son, Damian, who seeks to destroy Hanukkah and Kwanzaa thus reserving December for Christmas alone. Mordechai is reluctantly recruited to stop Damian, gaining allies along the way, including love interest and daughter of the Chief of the Jewish Justice League Esther Bloomenbergensteinenthal and the Kwanzaa Liberation Front's leader Mohammed Ali Paula Abdul Rahim.

The fight takes them to exotic locales such as Israel, K-Mart, the Jewish Atomic Clock outside Jerusalem and the final battle at the North Pole.

Cast

 * Adam Goldberg as Mordechai Jefferson Carver / The Hebrew Hammer
 * Grant Rosenmeyer as young Mordechai
 * Judy Greer as Esther Bloomenbergensteinenthal
 * Andy Dick as Damian Claus
 * Mario Van Peebles as Mohammed Ali Paula Abdul Rahim
 * Peter Coyote as Jewish Justice League Chief Bloomenbergensteinenthal
 * Nora Dunn as Mrs. Carver
 * Sean Whalen as Tiny Tim
 * Tony Cox as Jamal
 * Richard Riehle as Santa
 * Melvin Van Peebles as Sweetback
 * Rachel Dratch as Tikva
 * Harrison Chad as Schlomo
 * Annie McEnroe as Mrs. Highsmith
 * Elaine Hendrix as Blonde bombshell
 * Ed Koch as himself
 * Jimmy Walsh as Freckle-Faced Gentile
 * Jason Fuchs as Adolescent Hasidic Boy

Controversy
The Hebrew Hammer parodies many common stereotypes about Jews. During filming, the movie came to the attention of the Anti-Defamation League, which were concerned that it might promote unfavorable images of Jews; the film happens to include a direct parody of the ADL as members of the fictional Jewish Justice League. After viewing the film, Warren Katz of the ADL brought legal action against the producers of the film but lost in a summary ruling handed down by the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The film also drew criticism from some Christian groups, who argued that the film portrayed most Christians as being anti-Semitic and intolerant.

Many scenes were shot in Borough Park, Brooklyn, which has a large community of Hasidic Jews. Filmmakers were initially concerned that members of the Hasidic community might protest the movie, as they did with the 1998 film A Price Above Rubies, and shut down filming. The reaction of the Hasidim in Borough Park was mixed, however. No organized protest was pursued, and some residents of the neighborhood agreed to appear as extras in the film.

Reception
The film received a rating of 52% on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes.

Sequel
In 2017, plans for a sequel titled The Hebrew Hammer Vs. Hitler were announced. The sequel will be funded in part by crowd funding. It will begin in the present day, with the Hammer coming out of retirement to fight the increase in racism brought on by Donald Trump's election. He does this by going back in time to fight the worst source of antisemitism in the 20th century.

title: The Hebrew Hammer


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Snowskate

A snowskate is a hybrid of a skateboard and a snowboard, intended primarily to allow for skateboard-style tricks on the snow. There are many types depending on the brand or style of snowskate.

History and design
The first snowskate traces its history to the Snurfer circa 1964. The Snurfer is considered to be the first snowboard to ever hit the market, but it could arguably be called the first snowskate, since it was without bindings. Joshua Luther first coined the phrase snowskate when he needed a way to get across town during a blizzard.

Around 1970, a product called the "Snow Skate" was sold in local toy and sporting good stores. They resembled the modern day Fuse snowskate. There were two ski-like apparatuses that were attached to the area around the truck of a skateboard, allowing the skateboard to move through the snow. The "Ski" portion of the snow skate is made of a hard plastic with rubber straps that went over the skateboard wheels to hold them together. Other mentionable early snowskate brands were The "Skeeter" and the "Snodad". Designs of this early era ranged from two skiblades on the lower deck (Like the Skeeter) to four blades on the lower deck. Sometimes, the early snowskates used metal runners, similar to ice skate blades, enabling the snowskater to use the momentum to ride well.

The "Snodad" came about much later in time. It was created by PNW skaters with the intent of riding fresh snow without bindings. Unfortunately the demise of the company came shortly after its official launch. It exists only as a historical "tip of the hat" to these pioneers of snowboarding without bindings.

Modern snowskates
Snowskates are now available in four varieties: the single deck variety, the bideck variety, the 4x4 variety, and the powderskate variety. All of the modern snowskates have either a waterproof top grip coating on the deck, or a textured deck to avoid slippage while riding.

Single deck
Single deck Snowskates are usually made out of laminated wood with a plastic bottom or are made of solid plastic, There are grooves cut into the bottom of the board, usually 7 or 5. Single decks are preferred for riding in snowskate parks and urban terrain but can also be ridden down hills, however, they are rarely permitted on ski resorts. Snowskates of this kind are most suitable for winter skateboarding tricks.

Single deck snowskates first appeared on the market in 1998, manufactured by Premier Snowskates and marketed by Andy Wolf, former member of the Nitro snowboarding team. Today the primary manufacturers are: Ambition Snowskates, Hovland Snowskates, LY Snow and Krown Skateboards.

Snowskate parks became numerous when the first single deck snowskates were being sold in stores. Word of mouth quickly spread about the single deck snowskate, leading to the popularity of snowskate parks around United States.

The snowskate park moved snowskating from an urban underground winter sport to a mainstream winter sport. With the introduction of the snowboard, many resorts have removed their snowskate parks, and snowskating has moved back to its underground winter sport roots.

Bideck
A bideck snowskate is a snowskate that has a top skateboard deck which the rider stands on and a lower ski deck, which is in contact with the snow. Bidecks come in single blade varieties and multiple blade varieties. Bideck snowskates were reportedly invented by a Stevens Pass (Washington) local named Steve Frink. He came up with the idea of a skateboard with skis in 1994 while burning his skateboard in a skateboarders' ritual. In the year 2001, after many prototypes, he completed a final and finished product which he marketed under the brand "Bi-Deck Snowskates".

Around the same time, snowboard manufacturer Burton Snowboards released the "Snowdeck". Burton has since stopped making snowskates. There are many bidecking skate communities in the world. Different bidecks are tailored to a different style of riding. Longer bidecks are favored for mountain snowskating, and shorter bidecks are favored for tricks and stunts. Current Bideck snowskate manufacturers are Hovland, Parole Boards, Squampton Snowskates (eco-friendly, made with hemp), Harfang, Ralston, Pioneer, Fuse, florilda powderskate, 0910, Minus-7, Landyachtz, Chiller, LibTech and Boyd Hill.

4x4
The least common snowskate, 4x4 snowskates, provide the most skateboard like feel. They have four small skis, each replacing a wheel, and are generally very similar to average skateboards.

Powderskate
Powderskates are the most surf-like snowskate. They are usually longer and have a larger surface area to keep you afloat as it is used in deep powder. There are two varieties; single and bi-deck. The single deck is only for use in powder, and provides the most surf-like feel, whereas the bi-deck provides more leverage, and can be used on and off the powder.

title: Snowskate


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Society of Experimental Test Pilots

The Society of Experimental Test Pilots is an international organization that seeks to promote air safety and contributes to aeronautical advancement by promoting sound aeronautical design and development; interchanging ideas, thoughts and suggestions of the members, assisting in the professional development of experimental pilots, and providing scholarships and aid to members and the families of deceased members.

History
Seventeen pilots attended the first organized meeting of the "Testy Test Pilots Society" on 29 September 1955. This name was to be short-lived, however, as it was changed to The Society of Experimental Test Pilots at the second meeting on 13 October 1955.

The first officers of the society were instated on October 25, 1955, and consisted of Ray Tenhoff, President; Scott Crossfield, Executive Adviser; Dick Johnson, Vice-President; Joe Ozier, Secretary; Lou Everett, Treasurer; and Al Blackburn, Legal Officer. Once the organization and bylaws were established, the society incorporated in the state of California on April 12, 1956. The insigne of the society was designed by C. A. "Al" McDaniel and officially adopted for use in 1956.

The first Awards Banquet was held on October 4, 1957, at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills, California. It was at the second such banquet, however, that the tradition of the Iven C. Kincheloe Award began. This annual award honors the member who has done the most proficient test work during the previous year. James Gannett of Boeing and Joseph John "Tym" Tymczyszyn of the Civil Aeronautics Administration won the first Kincheloe Award for their work toward certification of America's first turbojet airliner' the Boeing 707. They have been followed each year by the most notable contributors to aviation history.

In 1969, Bob Hoover was president of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP), and he had been a personal friend of Charles Lindbergh since the early 1950s, when the reclusive Lindbergh was using the pseudonym "Mr Schwartz". Hoover persuaded Lindbergh to attend the SETP annual symposium and banquet at the Beverley Hilton, as his guest. At the top table, they were joined by Neil Armstrong, who had just been released from quarantine after the Apollo 11 mission. Hoover introduced both Lindbergh and Armstrong, to the surprise of the press and other attendees, and many photos were published of Hoover's wife Colleen flanked by both 'heroes' of aviation. The story of the occasion was later narrated by Hoover in the 2014 documentary film Flying the Feathered Edge: The Bob Hoover Project

As of December 31, 2021, the Society had 2,483 members from various countries.

Publications
The society publishes a quarterly known as Cockpit that contains technical articles on flight testing. In addition to Cockpit, the society publishes the proceedings of the annual symposium in Los Angeles to provide a permanent record of flight test progress reports. A periodic newsletter is also provided to members.

Conferences
The Society holds a number of conferences annually:
 * Los Angeles Symposium and Banquet
 * San Diego Symposium
 * East Coast Symposium
 * Northwest Symposium
 * European Symposium
 * Southeast Symposium
 * Central Symposium
 * Great Lakes Symposium
 * Southwest Symposium
 * Flight Test Safety Workshop

Awards
The Society annually presents a number of awards to recognize notable members of the flight test community. These are:
 * Iven C. Kincheloe Award—Outstanding professional accomplishment in the conduct of flight testing
 * James H. Doolittle Award—Outstanding accomplishment in technical management or engineering
 * Tony LeVier Flight Test Safety Award—Significant achievement in flight test safety
 * Herman R. Salmon Technical Publications Award—Outstanding technical paper published in Cockpit magazine
 * Ray E. Tenhoff Award—Outstanding technical paper presented at the annual SETP symposium
 * Jack Northrop Award—Outstanding technical paper presented at the annual SETP San Diego symposium
 * Leroy Grumman Award—Outstanding technical paper presented at the annual SETP East Coast symposium
 * Friend of the Society—Exceptional and notable contribution to the operation and the objectives of the Society
 * Spirit of Flight—Significant contribution to the spirit, technology, manufacture, safety and flight test of home-built/sport/classic aircraft

Scholarship foundation
In 1967, the Society created a foundation to provide for scholarships and other forms of educational assistance to children of deceased or disabled Society members. As of 2020, the scholarship foundation has granted over 3.5 million dollars in educational assistance to more than 178 students. Approximately 12 students per year attend school with Society assistance.

Membership and member grades
Membership in the Society is divided into six grades:
 * 1) Honorary Fellow (HF)—Distinction in the aerospace field and an experimental test pilot at some time during their career
 * 2) Fellow (F)—Distinction in experimental flight testing and an Associate Fellow for at least one year
 * 3) Associate Fellow (AF)—Association with experimental flight testing for ten years, experimental test pilot for five years, Member for at least two years
 * 4) Member (M)—Experimental test pilot not less than one year or crewed space vehicle pilot
 * 5) Associate Member (AM)—Experimental test pilot or co-pilot from between six months to two years depending on the type of testing
 * 6) Corporate Member—Organization that has a common interest with the Society in the advancement of crewed aerospace

Notable members
The following is an incomplete list of notable individuals who are or were members of the society:

title: Society of Experimental Test Pilots


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Guy Weadick

George Guy Weadick (February 23, 1885 – December 13, 1953) was an American cowboy, performer and promoter. Today, he is best known as the founder of the Calgary Stampede in Alberta, Canada. He was married to famed cowgirl, Florence LaDue. Weadick was the first to be inducted in the Builder category in the Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame.

Calgary Stampede
In 1912, Weadick travelled to Calgary, where he met with H.C. McMullen, a livestock agent for the Canadian Pacific Railway. The two of them put together a program for a frontier show. They envisioned a cowboy championship along with a tribute to the Old West. Weadick gained financing from the Big Four: George Lane, owner of the Bar U Ranch; two other wealthy ranchers, Patrick Burns and A. E. Cross; and A. J. McLean, provincial secretary. He staged the first Calgary Stampede September 2–7, 1912, when ranchers and farmers had finished the harvesting and would be free to attend.

Weadick arranged for 200 head of Mexican steers, 200 bucking steers, and wild horses to be brought in from the ranches around Calgary. In order to entice top quality competitors, $20,000 in championship money and world championship titles were offered. The prize money was about four times the closest competition, causing riders from across North America to arrive in the 1912 Stampede. In 1919, Weadick and Calgary Industrial Exhibition manager, E. L. Richardson, agreed to combine the rodeo events with the Calgary Industrial Exhibition and, in 1923, Weadick and Richardson co-founded the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede as an annual event.

In 1912, Indigenous peoples were not allowed to celebrate their cultures on their own reserves because of Indian Act laws and regulations. The Stampede was one of the only places they were welcomed to participate and celebrate their traditions publicly because of a special agreement Guy Weadick and the Calgary Stampede made with the government. Indian Village is organized by volunteers on the Stampede's Indian Events committee, Stampede employees and the tipi families who camp at the Village during the Stampede. There is constant consultation about the name of the Village and if it should be changed. The tipi owners have indicated that Indian Village is a place and a name with great historical significance and honours the role of Guy Weadick and the relationship with the Stampede throughout the 20th century.

Later years
Following on the success of the Calgary Stampede, Guy Weadick continued promoting his own personal Old West shows (outside Calgary). He continued running the Stampede for 20 years after its initial creation. His next appearance at the Stampede was to appear in the parade in 1952. He died on December 13, 1953. The Calgary Stampede Guy Weadick Award, created in 1969, was named after him. He was inducted into the Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame in the Builder category on July 12, 1982. He was inducted into the Rodeo Hall of Fame of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in 1976.

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Talk:Louise Charron

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- KenWalker | Talk 19:19, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

Louise Charron is the first franco-ontarian Supreme Court judge, not the second. Louise Arbour is not a franco-ontarian. Bearcat 04:36, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Is this Censorship?
Greetings User 174.88.97.225,

On Apr 30 2009, you deleted the following entire paragraph:

Quote:

On November 15, 2007, Justice Charron was one of three Justices in the Coram regarding the dismissal of "the application for leave to appeal" of American conscientious objector, Iraq war resister, and refugee applicant Jeremy Hinzman. As is the case with every leave decision, neither reasons nor a vote was released, so it is impossible to know how Justice Charron voted. Nevertheless, “in the wake of the Supreme Court’s decision,” a motion was quickly developed and eventually passed in the Parliament of Canada which appeared as a response and a remedy to those lower courts decisions. (See details)

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title: Talk:Louise Charron