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Shannon Hale

Shannon Hale (née Shannon Bryner; born January 26, 1974) is an American author primarily of young adult fantasy, including the Newbery Honor book Princess Academy and The Goose Girl. Her first novel for adults, Austenland, was adapted into a film in 2013. She is a graduate of the University of Utah and the University of Montana. She has also co-written with her husband, Dean.

Early life
Hale was born on January 26, 1974, in Salt Lake City to Wallace and Bonnie Bryner. She is the middle child of five children; she has two older sisters, one younger sister, and one younger brother. She enjoyed writing, reading, and acting as a young girl; she often created plays that she would act out with friends. She also began to write fantasy books at age 10, often featuring herself as the protagonist. Her elementary school teachers encouraged her creative endeavors, and, in the fourth grade, Hale announced that she wanted to be a writer as an adult. In junior high, she participated on the school literary magazine. She then attended West High School, where she cultivated passions for English and drama. She took a creative writing class and worked as an editor of fiction for her high school's literary magazine. She participated in both school and community theater productions, including The Secret Garden. Hale also took part in drama competitions and traveled throughout Utah and the U.S. with an improvisational theater group whose productions highlighted a range of teen issues. She met her spouse, Dean Hale, freshman year at West High School; he was also involved in theater. Hale has said that her theater experience has improved her writing skills, particularly in character creation and world building.

She attended the University of Utah, initially majoring in both English and Theater before deciding solely to pursue the former. She served as a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Paraguay for 18 months before graduating with a bachelor's degree in English from the University of Utah in 1998. She later earned a master's degree in Creative Writing from the University of Montana. While studying at the University of Montana, Hale wrote 100 short stories and submitted many for publication, but none were accepted.

Writing
Hale began writing The Goose Girl while in her graduate writing program, and worked on her drafts of it during her lunch break while working at her instructional design job. She originally planned to work in literary fiction, publishing short stories and teaching English, before writing young adult and children's books. The Goose Girl became her first published novel after being met with nine rejections; Hale received an offer in 2003 from Bloomsbury Publishing. She based the book on her favorite fairy tale of the same name. It was named an ALA Teens' Top Ten and became the first of many novels in Hale's Books of Bayern series. The Goose Girl also won the 2004 Josette Frank Award for fiction and was reprinted by Bloomsbury in 2017. Hundreds of thousands of copies of the novel have been printed in a total of fifteen languages. The other Books of Bayern include Enna Burning, River Secrets, and Forest Born.

Her novel Princess Academy was featured on The New York Times Best Seller list, as well as that of Book Sense and Publishers Weekly. It also received a Newbery Honor. Hale said that receiving the award was an "unexpected gift" that has profoundly affected her career. After the positive response from readers and reviewers alike to Princess Academy, Hale wrote its sequel, Princess Academy: Palace of Stone. In 2015 she continued the story with a third installment, Princess Academy: The Forgotten Sisters. Hale has remarked that the series is "a love letter to education."

Her first adult novel, Austenland, was also featured by Book Sense. Hale and screenwriter Jerusha Hess then wrote the screenplay for a film adaptation of Austenland, released in 2013 at the Sundance Film Festival. It was then bought by Sony Pictures for $4 million. Twilight author Stephenie Meyer produced the film and Keri Russell starred as protagonist Jane Hayes. In 2012 Hale released a sequel novel, Midnight in Austenland. Another adult novel, The Actor and the Housewife, was published in 2009 and was named "the City Weekly readers' choice winner for best novel of the year." Hale has kept numerous rejection letters she has received from publishers, and has compiled them into one 60 foot long scroll.

In 2017, Hale released a graphic memoir titled Real Friends, chronicling her struggles in grade school. It was illustrated by LeUyen Pham. Its sequel, Best Friends, appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list for graphic books and manga in April 2020. In 2018, her Princess in Black series—which she wrote with her husband, Dean Hale—made The New York Times Best Seller list for children's series. The two also co-wrote the graphic novel Rapunzel's Revenge, as well as two young adult novels for the Marvel superheroes Squirrel Girl and Captain Marvel. Hale ventured further into science fiction with her own YA superhero novel, Dangerous, in 2014.

Other work
Before becoming a full-time author, Hale participated in stage and improvisational comedy, studied in Mexico and the United Kingdom, and worked as an instructional designer.

She is an advocate for gender equality; she has noticed how her books are marketed only to girls, despite positive reception from both genders. She has written a few articles about this subject.

Personal life
Hale is married to Dean C. Hale, with whom she has co-authored the Eisner-nominee graphic novels Rapunzel's Revenge and Calamity Jack, as well as The Princess in Black series and The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl series.

She is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). She stopped attending the LDS church in 2021, having disagreed with her community's apparent tolerance of misogyny and intolerance of LGBTQ people, but she still considers herself a Mormon. In a 2014 interview, Hale said that she doesn't "consciously make storytelling choices based on the [LDS] Church." In writing her graphic novel memoirs of her childhood, Hale decided to include visual references to her religious upbringing, like her family attending church. Despite being asked to remove the references, Hale decided to retain them, stating that "to erase [them] felt like a lie."

She is the mother of four children: Max, Magnolia, and twin girls Dinah and Wren. Hale has noted that her children give her new ideas for books "probably every day."

Awards and honors
The Princess in Black was a New York Times bestseller, and Kirkus Reviews named it one of the best books of 2014.

In February 2016, Hale was a Literary Guest of Honor and Keynote Speaker at the 34th annual Life, the Universe, & Everything professional science fiction and fantasy arts symposium.

In 2017, Real Friends landed on Booklist 's "Top 10 Graphic Novels for Youth" list.

Itty-Bitty Kitty-Corn was a New York Times and IndieBound bestseller.

The Books of Bayern series

 * The Goose Girl (2003), ISBN 1-58234-843-X
 * Enna Burning (2004), ISBN 1-58234-889-8
 * River Secrets (2006), ISBN 1-58234-901-0
 * Forest Born (2009), ISBN 1-59990-167-6

Princess Academy series

 * Princess Academy (2005), ISBN 1-58234-993-2 – adapted to a musical produced by Kensington Theatre in December 2016
 * Princess Academy: Palace of Stone (2012), ISBN 1-59990-873-5
 * Princess Academy: The Forgotten Sisters (2015), ISBN 978-1-61963-485-5

Austenland series

 * Austenland (2007), ISBN 1-59691-285-5 – premiered as a movie in January 2013
 * Midnight in Austenland (2012), ISBN 1-60819-625-9

Rapunzel's Revenge series
The Rapunzel's Revenge series is co-authored with Dean Hale and illustrated by Nathan Hale (no relation).
 * Rapunzel's Revenge (2008), ISBN 1-59990-288-5
 * Calamity Jack (2010), ISBN 978-1-59990-076-6

Ever After High series

 * Ever After High: The Storybook of Legends (2013), ISBN 0-31640-122-6
 * Ever After High: The Unfairest of Them All (2014), ISBN 0-31628-201-4
 * Ever After High: A Wonderlandiful World (2014), ISBN 0-31628-209-X
 * Once Upon a Time: A Story Collection (2014), ISBN 0-31625-821-0
 * Monster High/Ever After High: The Legend of Shadow High (2017), ISBN 0-31635-282-9

Princess in Black series
The Princess in Black series is co-authored with Dean Hale and illustrated by LeUyen Pham.
 * The Princess in Black (2014), ISBN 978-0-7636-6510-4
 * The Perfect Princess Party (2015), ISBN 978-0-7636-6511-1
 * The Hungry Bunny Horde (2016), ISBN 978-0-7636-6513-5
 * Takes a Vacation (2016), ISBN 978-0-7636-6512-8
 * The Mysterious Playdate (2017), ISBN 978-0-7636-8826-4
 * The Science Fair Scare (2018), ISBN 978-0-7636-8827-1
 * The Bathtime Battle (2020), ISBN 978-1-5362-1575-5
 * The Giant Problem (2020), ISBN 978-1-5362-0222-9
 * The Case of the Coronavirus (2020), digital booklet
 * The Mermaid Princess (2021), ISBN 978-1-5362-0977-8
 * The Prince in Pink (2023), ISBN 978-1-5362-0978-5

The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl series
The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl series is co-authored with Dean Hale.
 * The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl: Squirrel Meets World (2017), ISBN 978-1484781548
 * The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl: 2 Fuzzy, 2 Furious (2018), ISBN 978-1368011266

Real Friends series
The Real Friends series graphic memoirs are illustrated by LeUyen Pham.

 * Real Friends (2017), ISBN 9781626724167
 * Best Friends (2019), ISBN 9781250317452
 * Friends Forever (2021), ISBN 9781250317568

Standalone novels

 * Book of a Thousand Days (2007), ISBN 1-59990-051-3
 * The Actor and the Housewife (2009), ISBN 1-59691-288-X
 * Dangerous (2014), ISBN 1-59990-168-4
 * Kind of a Big Deal (2020), ISBN 9781250206237

Short stories

 * "Bouncing the Grinning Goat" from Guys Read: Other Worlds (2013)

Diana: Princess of the Amazons series
The Diana series is co-authored with Dean Hale and illustrated by Victoria Ying.

 * Diana: Princess of the Amazons (2020) ISBN 9781401291112

Itty-Bitty Kitty-Corn series
The Itty-Bitty Kitty-Corn picture books are illustrated by LeUyen Pham.

 * Itty-Bitty Kitty-Corn (2021), ISBN 978-1-4197-5091-5
 * Pretty Perfect Kitty-Corn (2022), ISBN 978-1-4197-5093-9
 * Party Hearty Kitty-Corn (2023), ISBN 978-1-4197-5095-3

Articles

 * What are we teaching boys when we discourage them from reading books about girls? for The Washington Post

Other

 * Spirit Animals Book 4: Fire and Ice (2014) ISBN 978-0545522465

title: Shannon Hale


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Truxtun-class destroyer

Three Truxtun-class destroyers were built for the United States Navy. Part of the original 16 destroyers authorized by Congress on 4 May 1898 for the fiscal year 1899 program, they were commissioned in 1902. They were very similar to their Bainbridge-class destroyer contemporaries, except for mounting six 6-pounder (57 mm) guns instead of five. They were considered the most successful of the first 16 US Navy destroyers, and were succeeded by the larger Smith-class destroyer.

The Truxtuns escorted convoys during World War I. All were decommissioned in 1919 and converted to merchant vessels in 1920.

Armament
The as-built torpedo armament was two 18 in torpedo tubes with four torpedoes. The gun armament was two 3 in/50 caliber guns and six 6-pounder (57 mm) guns.

During World War I the class was equipped with one or two depth charge racks for the convoy escort mission. Also during World War I, the single torpedo tubes were replaced with two twin torpedo tubes on Truxton and Worden, with the number of torpedoes remaining at four. Whipple was modified with one twin torpedo tube mount and four torpedoes at this time.

Engineering
Truxtun had four Thornycroft boilers supplying 240 psi steam to two vertical triple-expansion engines totaling 8,300 ihp (design). She made 29.58 kn on trials at 8,300 ihp. Normal coal capacity was 232 tons.

Service
Truxtun and Whipple served first on the East Coast and later on the West Coast prior to World War I. Worden engaged in reserve training duties on the East Coast and acted as a submarine tender 1914–17. All three served in the Atlantic during the US participation in World War I. Following the Armistice, all were sold in 1920 for scrapping but then converted for merchant use.

Merchant Service
On 3 Jan 1920, the three were sold for pennies per pound to Henry A. Hitner's Sons Company for scrapping. Instead, Hitner decided to sell them for motor fruit carriers; It made sense as the vessels were shallow enough to maneuver through the narrow fruit company waterways such as the Snyder Canal in Panama, and, with their engineering suite reduced and armament removed, were still fast and economical enough to get the job done. With their old magazines and one of their boiler rooms turned into banana holds, they could hold as many as 15,000 stems of fruit.

The ships were rebuilt, scrapping their old VTE suites and boilers for a pair of economical 12-cylinder Atlas Imperial Diesels– a company known for outfitting tugs and trawlers– generating 211 NHP and allowing a sustained speed of 15 knots. This removed all four of their coal funnels, replacing them with a number of tall cowl vents and a single diesel stack aft. So reconstructed, their weight was listed as 433 GRT with a 264-foot length and 14-foot depth of hold. The crew was reduced to an officer and 17 hands. Painted buff above the waterline to help reflect heat, they still had their greyhound lines. They served in the "Banana Boom" of the 1920s. The sisters were registered in 1921 by Robert Shepherd in Nicaragua and soon used on the banana runs to Galveston and New Orleans, flying the flag of the Snyder Banana Company of Bluefields.

In 1922, the boats had been impounded by R.A. Harvin, the United States Marshal in Texas, after a libel proceeding, and sold at public auction to one Harry Nevelson, who in turn quickly resold them to the Mexican-American Fruit Company, and sometime shortly after they were sailing for the Southern Banana Co.

By 1925, the trio was all part of the Vaccaro brothers’ upstart New Orleans-based Standard Fruit & S S Co (now part of Dole).

By 1933, Lloyds listed Worden as owned by the American Fruit & S S Corp — later adjusted to “Seaboard S S Corp (Standard Fruit, Mgrs)” in subsequent listings– out of Bluefields, Nicaragua with a tonnage of 546 GRT. By 1939 Worden was listed as owned by the Bahamas Shipping Company and with tonnage adjusted to 433 GRT.

World War II
The Bahamas Shipping Company tried to make Worden as neutral as possible. However, on 1 May 1942 she had a run-in with La Paz, just damaged by U-109. Worden took the damaged ship in tow, after sending a message out reporting the torpedoing. Hereupon many authors seize and claim that U-109 bagged both La Paz and the former destroyer. However, both ships survived, La Paz by being beached, and Worden, undamaged, remained in Lloyd's register. One source says that she was subsequently lost on 1 May 1947, but another record has her as scrapped in 1956.

Her sister Truxtun was lost on 5 September 1938 and Whipple were scrapped in 1956.

Ships in class
Note that, although the ships are listed below with the prefix "DD-" before their official numbers, this classification was not created until 1911, and until then these vessels were officially categorised as "Destroyer No. 14" to "Destroyer No. 16".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Truxtun-class destroyer


text:
Talk:Harpy

Harpies & Horses
Harpies changed from beautiful winged women to vicious monsters? What?

 * If I remember correctly, Harpies are depicted as horses in the Illiad, and it may have been their first form (winds ere associated with horses, and Harpies was nefast winds) -- Bloodstained Agar

Cleanup
Anyone else thinks this article needs cleaning up? I don't want to tread on anyones toes, but i think the links for "wing" and "women" can be removed, they don't really add anything, also a re-ordering/sectionning might be nice. If there are no replies, i'll have a go myself. i'd love to get a pic too ;) FrancisTyers 20:36, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * If anyone reads this, and thinks there is more cleanup to do, please add back the tag. CapnZapp (talk) 22:08, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

Yes, do we really need all those obscure references to computer games and anime? Don't get me wrong, I love video games. But they don't add a lot to the article. I think two or three examples of more widely-known usage in fiction would suffice, rather than all these - rather obscure - notes. Story Weaver 18:29, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Resolved (that stuff was moved out to a subpage and now removed) CapnZapp (talk) 22:08, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

Disinfobox
The disinfobox, telling the reader that a Harpy is also known as a "baby stealer", that its habitat is "Land and Air", its "country" given as "World", has been deleted. No doubt there will be howls of dismay from our pre-teens... --Wetman 18:50, 28 March 2007 (UTC)[edit]

Harpies in Fiction Section
I am deleting the following text from the Harpies in Fiction section: In Gregory Maguire's "Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister," Clara (Cinderella) calls her stepmother an "old widowed harpy." "Harpy" is a term meaning a predatory or shrewish woman. It would be okay to mention that the term comes from harpies if that is true, but if we start listing every use of the term, this will be a very long and pointless article. :) I also agree about the video games. We don't need a list of instances, just a mention that it is a popular creature in games. --66.192.236.126 20:12, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

what about the Holyhead Harpies?
as in the quidditch team from Wales? They should be added to the Harpies in fiction section. (maybe - "The Holyhead Harpies is the name of a Quidditch team from Wales in the Harry Potter Universe.") horizon (talk) 13:43, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism
I removed some random words that were added in by someone. "pie fried chicken" ..Something along those lines anyway. If those were actually in any way relevant please feel free to revert it. Otherwise I seriously doubt it has anything to do with harpies.

24.222.205.225 (talk) 02:30, 17 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Reverted to clean version. Wetman (talk) 02:40, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

Harpies in popular culture
Just a heads-up: the Harpies in popular culture was removed (=replaced with a redir here). If there's anything you feel is worth saving, you'll have to copy it from that page's history to the corresponding section here. CapnZapp (talk) 22:10, 9 January 2011 (UTC)

Harpy is a featured monster in World Of Warcraft, where they are said to live in large communities, attacking travellers and occasionally molesting the males of some species to procreate. http://www.wowwiki.com/Harpy

Will add to this Wiki if there are no objections. surfingus (talk) 20:28, 16 November 2012 (UTC)

"harpy" fountain
The creatures at the base of the fountain are clearly sphinx. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.250.245.59 (talk) 00:07, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

. . . the Ulster Druid Association?
I have to admit that I am not totally up on ancient Irish mythology, but this bit:

Chaney Bonnough (of ancient Irish Mythology) was a renowned harpy. She is best known for carrying around a satchel full of deadly poisons, often luring in defenseless woodland creatures and aspiring young novelists into a state of feigned friendship before tossing a vial of venom in their face. Some devout members of the Ulster Druid Association believe that Bonnough still lives to this day, imprisoned in the body of a teenage girl.

. . . would appear to be written by an aspiring young novelist of some sort to defame someone (s)he doesn't like. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 180.106.233.69 (talk) 10:38, 12 August 2011 (UTC)

Etymology
Is the harpy really harpeia (harpeiae?) in Latin? What I have been able to dig up online so far are instead harpyria, harpyriae, feminin, apparently according to "A Latin Dictionary" by Lewis & Short, 1879.--SwordAngel (talk) 15:37, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I was coming in to ask the same thing. The word appears in the plural form Harpyiae in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), and in the singular form Harpȳia in the Online Latin Dictionary. Harpyia is of course what you would expect from the Greek Ἅρπυια. Searching harpeia online seems to turn up mostly material related to the Final Fantasy game series, so it could be a variant spelling used by them, but unless someone can provide a source showing that harpeia is good Latin, I'll be bold and change it to harpȳia. --Iceager (talk) 10:29, 23 November 2014 (UTC)

Electra, mother of the Harpies.
The link on Electra in the article takes you to Electra, daughter of King Agamemnon, this is the wrong Electra. On the article of Thaumas (son of Gaia and Pontus), the link on Electra (his wife and the mother of the Harpies) takes you to the general article of Oceanids due to the absence of an article dedicated to Electra (Oceanid). So could someone change the link to the Oceanid article, and possibly add that this Electra is not to be confused with the Electra from greek tragedy? Mjones72 (talk) 23:11, 15 November 2014 (UTC)

done it myself and added 'daughter of King Agamemnon' instead of 'from greek tragedy' as i realise that the latter is based on the former. Is that okay? Mjones72 (talk) 23:21, 15 November 2014 (UTC)

"Baby stealer" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Baby stealer. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Steel1943 (talk) 21:18, 23 December 2019 (UTC)

Redirection
Can anyone tell me why "Acholoe" redirects here? Acholoe is a genus of marine annelids and I have created the page Acholoe (animal) but it is to anyone who searches for just "Acholoe" even though that string does not occur on this page. Robin Wilson (talk) 07:09, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
 * See, which quotes Hyginus, Fabulae 14, as saying: "The three birds Harpies, Alope, Acholoe, and Ocypet, are daughters of Thamas and Ozomene." However Mary Grant's translation of Hyginus, Fab. 14.3 has: "the three Harpies, Aellopous, Celaeno, and Ocypete, daughter of Thaumas and Oxomene". Notice that neither of these lists of Hyginus' Harpies agree with what our article list as the names given by Hyginus. I'm guessing there is some textual problem with Hyginus' Latin text here, which is corrupt in several places. Grant's 1960 translation, I believe, uses a now out-of-date Latin text. I can look in Smith and Trzaskoma's 2007 translation, when I'm home later today, to see what it says. Paul August ☎ 10:42, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Smith and Trzaskoma's 2007 gives the same three names as Grant: Aellopous, Celaeno, and Ocypete. So based on this I think it is reasonable to conclude that the name "Acholoe' results from some older garbled version or translation of Hyginus' text. So I think we should delete the redirect Acholoe and move Acholoe (animal) to "Acholoe". Paul August ☎ 18:49, 7 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Harpy


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Elias Kane

Elias Kent Kane (June 7, 1794 – December 12, 1835) was the first Illinois Secretary of State and a U.S. Senator from Illinois.

Early life
He was born in New York City, to merchant Capt. Elias Kent Kane and Deborah VanSchelluyne of Dutchess County, New York. Young Kane attended public schools, then Yale College, from which he has graduated in the year 1813.

Career
After he studied law and was admitted to the bar, Kane commenced practice in Nashville, Tennessee, and then moved to Kaskaskia, Illinois in 1814.

He became allied with Jesse B. Thomas, a slaveholder who had secured the job of judge of the Territory of Illinois. Like Judge Thomas and his rival Ninian Edwards, Kane was a delegate to the first state constitutional convention in 1818. At the convention, the Thomas/Kane faction unsuccessfully tried to add language permitting slavery in the new state (where it had been forbidden by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787). However, that proposal was defeated by a faction whose leaders included Baptist John Mason Peck, Methodist Peter Cartwright, Quaker James Lemen, publisher Hooper Warren and future governor Edward Coles. Kane claimed ownership of five people as slaves in 1820,

After an unsuccessful 1820 campaign for election to the 17th Congress which featured numerous letters in the Edwardsville Spectator concerning slavery, and which anti-slavery candidate Daniel Pope Cook won, Kane became Illinois' first Secretary of State, and served from 1820 to 1824. In that year, Kane led proslavery forces in the Illinois House of Representatives which attempted to call another constitutional convention, but was again defeated by a coalition led by Governor Coles, U.S. Representative Cook and religious leaders of many denominations. However, fellow legislators twice appointed Kane to the United States Senate. He served from March 4, 1825, until his death in Washington, D.C., in 1835.

Legacy
His body was returned to the family farm in Randolph County, Illinois, but due to continued desecration of the family gravesite, he was reinterred in 1984 (a campaign led by local funeral director, Michael McClure) in Evergreen Cemetery in nearby Chester, in a grave adjacent with that of his sometime political opponent and Illinois' first governor, Shadrach Bond. The Kane family gravesite includes that of his wife, the former Frances Pelletier (1799-1851), two children who died young, and four sons. One son, Elias Kent Kane, Jr. (1822-1853), served in the United States Army. One of Kane's daughters married Illinois governor William H. Bissell, a vocal opponent of slavery. Kane's father (of the same name) is buried in Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C., having survived this son by five years and secured his namesake grandson's admission to West Point.

On January 16, 1836, the Illinois legislature formed a new county, Kane, and named it to honor the recently deceased Senator, Elias Kent Kane.

title: Elias Kane


text:
WPKD-TV

WPKD-TV (channel 19), branded KDKA+, is an independent television station licensed to Jeannette, Pennsylvania, United States, serving the Pittsburgh area. It is owned by the CBS News and Stations group alongside KDKA-TV (channel 2), the market's CBS owned-and-operated station. The two stations share studios at the Gateway Center in downtown Pittsburgh; WPKD-TV's transmitter is located in the city's Perry North neighborhood along with KDKA-TV. As CBS has done with most of its other duopolies in other markets, WPKD-TV's web address has been folded within the CBS News website with only basic station and programming information, along with entertainment news and promotional video.

As WARD-TV (1953–1970)
WPKD-TV signed on the air on October 15, 1953, as WARD-TV on analog UHF channel 56, with studios on Franklin Street in downtown Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It operated at a power of 91,000 watts visual, and 45,500 watts aural power, which, as it was later learned in these experimental days of UHF, was rather low for a UHF station. It was co-owned by Central Broadcasting through its Rivoli Realty subsidiary along with WARD radio (1490 AM, now WNTJ, and 92.1 FM, now WJHT). The station was Johnstown's CBS affiliate with a secondary ABC affiliation. During the late-1950s, it was also briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network.

As WJNL-TV (1971–1982)
In 1972, Jonel Construction Company bought Cover Broadcasting, the parent of WARD-AM-TV, and changed their call signs to WJNL-AM-TV on August 13. Having been issued a construction permit to do so in 1969, the television station then moved to the stronger UHF channel 19 and dropped ABC programming. The channel move also brought a transmitter power increase to 215,000 watts visual and 21,500 watts aural—still very modest for a network affiliate on the UHF band.

Jonel also left the Franklin Street studio for a new facility located on Benshoff Hill, not too far from the transmitter atop Cover Hill in suburban Johnstown. The radio stations moved to the Benshoff Hill location in 1977, after the Franklin Street studios were destroyed in a massive flood.

Even with the move to the stronger channel 19 and its substantial power increase, WJNL-TV was still plagued by a weak signal. Most of Western Pennsylvania is a very rugged dissected plateau. At the time, UHF stations usually did not get good reception in rugged terrain. This left the station dependent on cable–then as now, all but essential for acceptable television in much of this market. In fact, Johnstown viewers got better signals from WFBG-TV (channel 10) in Altoona and KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh. After WFBG-TV was sold in 1973, that station changed its callsign to WTAJ-TV in part to acknowledge its Johnstown viewership (its call letters stand for "We're Television for Altoona and Johnstown"). As a result, WJNL-TV never thrived, and was more or less a non-factor in a market dominated by WJAC-TV (channel 6). It only stayed afloat because of the tremendous success of its FM sister, an adult contemporary powerhouse.

In 1978, WJNL-TV dropped its affiliation with CBS and became an independent station. Forced to buy an additional 19 hours of programming a day, its ratings plummeted even further.

As WFAT and WPTJ (1983–1991)
Channel 19 was sold on February 1, 1983, to WFAT Incorporated—a company headed by Leon Crosby, a former owner of the original KEMO-TV in San Francisco—and renamed WFAT-TV on March 14. That same day, it extended its broadcast day. Acting on approvals granted the year prior by local and federal authorities, the station's transmitter facility was moved from Cover Hill to Pea Vine Hill, a much higher summit atop Laurel Hill Mountain in Ligonier Township, just over the Somerset County line in neighboring Westmoreland County, about 10 mi east of the Cover Hill location. With the move came another significant power increase yet to 1.6 million watts visual, and 166,000 watts aural. This enabled the station to provide a grade B signal to Pittsburgh's eastern suburbs; indeed, the new transmitter was located within the Pittsburgh market. The new transmitter finally provided city-grade coverage to all of Johnstown, allowing many viewers who had struggled to watch the station over-the-air for 30 years to get a clear picture for the first time. It also allowed the station to introduce itself to viewers in the Pittsburgh area. However, it still had a problem attracting Altoona viewers due to the mountainous terrain separating the two cities, resulting in marginal reception at best on the eastern side of the market. Crosby addressed this by signing on a VHF translator (W12BR) in Altoona. The changes did little to improve the station's fortunes, largely because the major Pittsburgh independents had long been available on cable.

While WFAT now had a fairly decent signal in most of the market, it had comparatively little to offer. At the time of the change, WJNL-TV had a mixture of independent and religious programs; the relaunch saw it extend its broadcast day from 8 hours to 13. It was one of the few stations, even in small markets, that still used art cards rather than CGI technology. Its character generator had been in service for over three decades, dating to when the station was WARD-TV. Its microphones were second-class. Crosby's formula of turning weak stations around by producing local shows with young creative talent was no longer viable for WFAT-TV, as such shows were losing ground to syndicators now offering much cheaper alternatives that could be tailor-made for specific markets. The very few locally produced programs WFAT now had left were limited to discussion-based talk shows on simple, undecorated sets with little more than chairs and plywood platforms covered with low-quality carpeting. David Smith and Lee Mack (the former had been program director of WJNL radio) served as the station's booth announcers.

Decline and bankruptcy (1986–1990)
WFAT's fortunes suffered a crippling blow in 1986, when the owners of the construction permit for WWCP-TV (channel 8) were allowed to move the license from Pittsburgh to Johnstown. WWCP signed on in 1987 and took most of WFAT's stronger shows due to having the advantage of a stronger VHF signal. The station changed calls to WPTJ in 1988 and moved its studios to Allen Bill Drive in the Johnstown Industrial Park, but saw no change in its fortunes. Frequent transmitter problems often left the station off-the-air for extended periods of time.

Crosby filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1988, and in January 1990, the bankruptcy court ordered its conversion to a Chapter 7 liquidation. WPTJ remained on the air for almost five months after the conversion. However, on May 1, all of the station's staffers except assistant general manager Ron Patcher quit after not being paid for four weeks. Patcher spent the next five days keeping the station operating. However, he quit on May 6 after concluding the load of working 18-hour days was "too much," and WPTJ went silent. The studio site was repossessed, and the transmitter equipment was said to be located in "somebody's basement" by a broker attempting to find suitors for the failed station.

Return as WTWB-TV (1994–1997)
Meanwhile, over in Pittsburgh, Venture Technologies Group had signed on low-power station W29AH (channel 29) in 1989 with the Video Jukebox Network, later known as The Box. However, five years later, Venture saw opportunity. Pittsburgh was the largest market without a signed affiliate of The WB, and it snagged the affiliation for its low-power station. At the same time, Venture purchased the silent WPTJ at a bankruptcy auction for less than $1 million. Channel 29 became WTWB-LP and then WBPA-LP, while channel 19 was given the new call letters WTWB-TV and plans were announced for the two to form a simulcast.

On July 27, 1996, Venture reactivated the channel 19 facility under the WTWB-TV calls, operating from a new transmitter on Laurel Mountain west of Jennerstown. However, cable systems in Pittsburgh were not required to carry channel 19 because it was licensed to Johnstown, located in a separate media market. As a result, after claiming that Johnstown–Altoona could not support five TV stations, Venture won permission to move WTWB-TV's city of license to Jeannette, an eastern suburb of Pittsburgh. Since WTWB-TV was now a Pittsburgh-market station, Venture could now invoke must-carry protection.

As WNPA (1997–2006)
By the time WTWB-TV had been approved to move to Jeannette, however, more than the city of license was changing. Sinclair Broadcast Group secured a group deal with The WB to change several of its stations to that network, including WPTT (channel 22), which became WCWB. (That station is now WPNT.) Just as cable systems in the Pittsburgh metro area began adding channel 19, it began the fall TV season as an independent under new WNPA call letters. The UPN affiliation moved to channel 19 in January.

Viacom's Paramount Stations Group bought the station in November 1998 for $39 million, a significant return on Venture's original investment in 1994. It became a sister station to KDKA-TV after the company merged with CBS in 2000. Viacom consolidated WNPA's operations into the studios at One Gateway Center already occupied by KDKA-TV and KDKA radio by 2001. WNPA began to identify on air as "UPN Pittsburgh" in late 2003 due to the fact that various cable providers in the area carry the station on different channels.

As WPCW (2006–2023)
On January 24, 2006, Time Warner and CBS Corporation announced that The WB and UPN would shut down and be replaced by a new network called The CW, which would initially feature series from both predecessor networks along with newer programs. To coincide with this change, the station changed its call sign to WPCW on April 3 and rebranded itself as "Pittsburgh's CW" in August. The network launched on September 18, 2006.

WPCW's analog transmitter was 35 mi southeast of Jeannette. This provided city-grade coverage to Johnstown and "rimshot" coverage to Pittsburgh. As a result, it was barely viewable over-the-air in many low-lying areas in the northern and western parts of the city and could not be seen at all in the city's western suburbs. When it applied to move the channel 19 license to Jeannette, Venture sought and received a waiver from the FCC rule requiring a station's transmitter to be no farther than 15 mi from the city of license. It successfully contended that there was no way it could build an analog tower within the 15-mile limit without interfering with WOIO in Cleveland. However, WPCW built its digital transmitter in Pittsburgh's Perry North section, on some of the highest ground in the city. On June 12, 2009, coinciding with the national transition to digital television, WPCW turned off its analog transmitter near Jennerstown and began broadcasting its digital signal from its new transmitter in Pittsburgh.

The relocation of WPCW's transmitter now provides Pittsburgh with city-grade coverage, in addition to greater coverage west of the city, but has left many viewers east of Westmoreland County (who were able to pick up WPCW's analog signal) without a viewable signal. However, few, if any, viewers lost access to WPCW's programming. For years, CBS has fed a direct fiber signal to both Comcast and Verizon FiOS. Additionally, WPCW signed on a translator in Johnstown to retain coverage to that area and still included Johnstown as part of its station identification. WPCW is one of three former CBS affiliates that have since become CW stations owned by CBS, along with WTVX in West Palm Beach, Florida, and KSTW in Seattle. However, WTVX was later divested to Cerberus Capital Management's Four Points Media Group (the Four Points Media stations are now owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group, which owns Pittsburgh stations WPGH-TV and WPNT).

By way of extended cable coverage, WPCW remained available in the Johnstown–Altoona–State College television market as its default CW affiliate until September 16, 2019, when WJAC-TV converted of its fourth digital subchannel into a CW Plus affiliate.

On December 4, 2019, CBS Corporation and Viacom remerged into ViacomCBS (now Paramount Global).

Independence as WPKD-TV (2023–present)
On October 3, 2022, Nexstar Media Group acquired majority ownership of The CW. Under the agreement, CBS was given the right to pull its affiliations from WPCW and its seven other CW stations. On May 5, 2023, CBS announced that it would exercise that right and WPCW would cease airing the network's programming at the end of August and become an independent station. On July 18, CBS News and Stations submitted a request to change WPCW's call letters to WPKD-TV as of September 1. On August 24, it was announced that the station would rebrand on-air as KDKA+, serving as a brand extension of KDKA-TV.

Sports programming
Currently, WPKD-TV televises some Pittsburgh Penguins preseason games due to Pittsburgh Pirates conflicts on SportsNet Pittsburgh (the team's usual broadcasting partner). Since 2023, WPKD has aired matches featuring Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC of the USL Championship. Since 2024, WPKD has aired a select number of games from the Cleveland Cavaliers, as well as pregame and postgame coverage for those telecasts.

WPKD airs local high school football (including playoffs and championships) from the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League (branded as Steel City High School Football Showcase), college football from the Division III Presidents’ Athletic Conference, and syndicated coverage of college football and basketball from the MEAC and SWAC.

WPKD-TV and KDKA-TV serve as the area's official Pittsburgh Steelers stations and air several team-related shows. This includes Steelers Saturday Night on Saturday nights from 9 to 10 and Steelers TV on Saturday nights from 11 to 11:30 (hosted by Steelers Digest editor Bob Labriola) during the NFL season. Depending on CBS' weekly doubleheader schedule, the Extra Point airs on WPKD-TV right after a Steelers game. That program is hosted by Bob Pompeani and Chris Hoke. The Nightly Sports Call airs every night from 10:35 to 11 after the KDKA-TV-produced prime time newscast. Weeknights are anchored by Bob Pompeani while weekends feature Rich Walsh. Depending on the doubleheader schedule, there is a special edition that is shown during the season after the Extra Point.

Newscasts
As WJNL-TV in Johnstown, it did produce a local newscast from 1971 to 1974 on weekdays and a few public affairs programs to try to compete against WJAC. However, its facilities were below the standards expected for a network affiliate.

In August 2001 as WNPA, the station began to carry a 10 p.m. newscast every night produced by KDKA. The 35-minute newscast competes with a nightly newscast at 10 p.m. on Fox affiliate WPGH-TV that is produced by WPXI.

In 2005, the station debuted a two-hour extension of KDKA's weekday morning newscast airing from 7 to 9 am. This was later shortened to one hour amid poor ratings, but in 2019 the 8 a.m. hour was restored. On June 16, 2009, KDKA began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition, starting with its weekday noon broadcast, with the introduction of a new set and weather center. KDKA was the last major Pittsburgh television station to begin airing newscasts in HD and the WPKD-TV (as WPCW) shows were included in the upgrade.

On September 20, 2021, the station added a 12:30 p.m. rebroadcast of KDKA's noon newscast. On January 8, 2024, the station added an 8 p.m. newscast to replace an hour of CW programming

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
WPKD-TV (as WPCW) shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 19, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station moved its digital signal from its pre-transition UHF channel 49 (where its digital signal was originally slated to remain post-transition) to VHF channel 11 (the former allocation of WPXI's analog signal). Digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 19. Interference with Cleveland CBS affiliate WOIO that existed when both stations operated analog signals is no longer an issue as that station is broadcasting its digital signal on VHF channel 10. In July 2009, the station applied with the FCC for a repeater digital signal on channel 27 in Johnstown.

Translator

 *  Johnstown

WPKD was previously relayed on WBPA-LP in Pittsburgh (owned by Venture Technologies Group) from the days when it did not have a strong signal throughout the city.

title: WPKD-TV


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Max Ornstein

Max Ornstein

 * 64 hits on Google. Not notable.  (Comments: created by anon).   →Iñgólemo←   (talk)  03:50, 2004 Dec 3 (UTC)
 * Delete [[User:Mo0|Mo0 [ talk ] ]] 06:30, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable and that's a terrible article.  --Randy 12:06, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: More notable than a person on "Jeopardy!" twice, but that means not at all notable. Walk-on appearances are not star roles, and we don't need to know that he's 5'6".  Geogre 14:54, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:21, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, because that article is the least specific thing I have ever read in my life. Evan Wohrman 03:01 6 Dec 2004


text:
Talk:The Bothy Band

Untitled
I deleted the sentence about Kevin Burke being replaced on Old Hag...; my copy has him listed as a member on the recording. -R. fiend 03:51, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I deleted a reference to Donal Lunny collaborating with Silly Wizard's Andy M. Stewart, as he never did--it was his brother Manus Lunny that performed with Stewart for a couple years--and added a reference to a later project, Mozaik. LNER4472 (talk) 19:33, 31 May 2012 (UTC)

To add to article
Basic information to add to this article: in which city this band was based. 98.123.38.211 (talk) 01:55, 23 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Bothy Band


text:
KDKA-TV

KDKA-TV (channel 2), also known as CBS Pittsburgh, is a television station in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, serving as the market's CBS outlet. It is owned and operated by the network's CBS News and Stations division alongside Jeannette-licensed WPKD-TV (channel 19), an independent station. The two stations share studios at the Gateway Center in downtown Pittsburgh; KDKA-TV's transmitter is located in the city's Perry North neighborhood. KDKA-TV, along with sister station KYW-TV in Philadelphia, are the only CBS-affiliated television stations east of the Mississippi River with "K" call signs.

KDKA-TV is available on cable in parts of the Johnstown–Altoona, Wheeling–Steubenville and Youngstown areas, as well as several other out-of-market cable systems in northwestern Pennsylvania, western Maryland, northeastern and east-central Ohio, and north-central West Virginia. The farthest south KDKA-TV is carried on cable is in Beverly, West Virginia.

DuMont origins (1949–1954)
The station signed on as WDTV on January 11, 1949, as a primary affiliate of the former DuMont Television Network, while carrying secondary affiliations with CBS, NBC, and ABC. It originally broadcast on channel 3 and was owned and operated by DuMont parent company Allen B. DuMont Laboratories. It was the 51st television station in the U.S., the third and last DuMont-owned station to sign on the air (behind WABD (now WNYW) in New York City and WTTG in Washington, D.C.), and the first owned-and-operated station in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. To mark the occasion, a live television special aired that day from 8:30 to 11 p.m. on WDTV, which began with a one-hour local program broadcast from Syria Mosque in Pittsburgh. The remainder of the show featured live segments from DuMont, CBS, NBC, and ABC with Arthur Godfrey, Milton Berle, DuMont host Ted Steele, and many other celebrities.

The station also represented a milestone in the television industry, providing the link between the Midwestern and East Coast stations which included 13 other cities able to receive live telecasts from Boston to St. Louis for the first time. WDTV was one of the last stations to receive a construction permit before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-imposed four-year freeze on new television station licenses.

When the release of the FCC's Sixth Report and Order ended the license freeze in 1952, DuMont was forced to give up its channel 3 allocation to alleviate interference with nearby stations broadcasting on the frequency, notably NBC-owned WNBK (now WKYC) in Cleveland, which itself moved to the frequency to avoid interference with stations in Columbus and Detroit. WDTV moved its facilities to channel 2 on November 23, 1952; WPSU-TV would later sign on with the channel 3 frequency for the Johnstown–Altoona market. Shortly after moving, it was the first station in the country to broadcast 24 hours a day, seven days a week, advertising that its 1–7 a.m. Swing Shift Theatre served the "200,000 workers [in their viewing area] who finished shift work at midnight". DuMont's network of stations on coaxial cable stretched from Boston to St. Louis. These stations were linked together via AT&T's coaxial cable feed with the sign-on of WDTV allowing the network to broadcast live programming to all the stations at the same time. Stations not yet connected to the coaxial cable received kinescope recordings via physical delivery.

Dealing with competition
Until the end of the freeze, WDTV's only competition came in the form of distant signals from stations in Johnstown, Altoona, Wheeling and Youngstown. However, Pittsburgh saw two UHF stations launch during 1953—ABC affiliate WENS (channel 16, later to become WINP-TV), and WKJF-TV (channel 53, later to become WPGH-TV), an independent station. At the time, UHF stations could not be viewed without the aid of an expensive set-top converter, and the picture quality was marginal at best with one. UHF stations in the area faced an additional problem because Pittsburgh is located in a somewhat rugged dissected plateau, and the reception of UHF stations is usually poor in such terrain. These factors played a role in the short-lived existences of both WKJF and WENS.

Although Pittsburgh was the sixth largest market in the country (behind New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Washington/Baltimore), the other VHF stations in town were slow to develop. This was because the major cities in the Upper Ohio Valley are so close together that they must share the VHF band. After the FCC lifted the license freeze in 1952, it refused to grant any new commercial VHF construction permits to Pittsburgh in order to give the smaller cities in the area a chance to get on the air. WDTV had a de facto monopoly on Pittsburgh television. Like its sister stations WABD and WTTG, it was far stronger than the DuMont network as a whole. According to network general manager Ted Bergmann, WDTV brought in $4 million a year, which was more than enough to keep the network afloat. Owning the only readily viewable station in such a large market gave DuMont considerable leverage in getting its programs cleared in large markets where it did not have an affiliate. As CBS, NBC and ABC had secondary affiliations with WDTV, this was a strong incentive to stations in large markets to clear DuMont's programs or risk losing valuable advertising in the sixth-largest market. Also, NBC affiliates from Johnstown (WJAC-TV, channel 6) and Wheeling (WTRF-TV, channel 7) were able to be received in Pittsburgh and a CBS affiliate from Steubenville, Ohio (WSTV-TV, now WTOV-TV) was also able to be received there as well. CBS, in fact, actually attempted to purchase WSTV-TV's license before it went on the air and move its channel 9 allocation to Pittsburgh due to the close proximity between Pittsburgh and Steubenville (At the time less than an hour apart by car; the completion of the Penn-Lincoln Parkway in 1964 reduced that time to about a half-hour driving time today), but the FCC turned CBS down. The Wheeling/Steubenville TV market, despite its very close proximity to Pittsburgh and overlapping signals, remains a separate market by FCC standards today.

WDTV aired all DuMont network shows live and "cherry-picked" the best shows from the other networks, airing them on kinescope on an every-other-week basis. WDTV's sign-on was also significant because it was now possible to feed live programs from the East to the Midwest and vice versa. In fact, its second broadcast was the activation of the coaxial cable linking New York City and Chicago. It would be another two years before the West Coast received live programming, but this was the beginning of the modern era of network television.

As KDKA-TV (1954–present)
By 1954, DuMont was in serious financial trouble. Paramount Pictures, which owned a stake in DuMont, vetoed a merger with ABC, who had merged with Paramount's former theater division United Paramount Theaters a year before. A few years earlier, the FCC had ruled that Paramount controlled DuMont and there were still lingering questions about whether UPT had actually broken off from Paramount. Paramount did not want to risk the FCC's wrath.

Meanwhile, Pittsburgh-based Westinghouse Electric Corporation had been competing with local politicians to acquire the non-commercial channel 13 license from the FCC, as no other Pittsburgh-allocated VHF station would be signing on for the foreseeable future. After launching WBZ-TV in Boston in 1948 and purchasing two other television stations, Westinghouse was growing impatient with not having a station in its own home market. Before the freeze, Westinghouse was a shoo-in for the channel 6 license that would later be given to WJAC-TV in Johnstown after that station gave up the channel 13 allocation to Pittsburgh as part of the FCC's reallocation plan. Westinghouse later offered a compromise plan to the FCC, in which the Commission would grant Westinghouse the channel 13 license; Westinghouse would then "share" the facility with the educational licensee. Finding the terms unacceptable, Pittsburgh attorney Leland Hazard called Westinghouse CEO Gwilym Price to ask him if he should give up on his fight for public television. Price said that Hazard should keep fighting for it, giving Westinghouse backing for the station that would eventually become WQED.

Westinghouse then turned its attention to WDTV, offering DuMont a then-record $9.75 million for the station in late 1954. Desperate for cash, DuMont promptly accepted Westinghouse's offer. While the sale gave DuMont a short-term cash infusion, it eliminated DuMont's leverage in getting clearances in other major markets. Within two years, the DuMont network was no more. Once the sale closed in January 1955, Westinghouse changed WDTV's call letters to KDKA-TV, after Westinghouse's pioneering radio station KDKA (1020 AM). As such, it became one of the few stations east of the Mississippi River with a "K" call sign.

As KDKA radio had long been an affiliate of the NBC Blue Network (Westinghouse was a co-founder of RCA, NBC's then-parent company), it was expected that KDKA-TV would eventually become a primary affiliate of the NBC television network. But the network was seeking to purchase Westinghouse's Philadelphia stations, KYW radio and WPTZ (now KYW-TV). When Westinghouse balked, NBC threatened to pull its programming from WPTZ and Boston's WBZ-TV unless Westinghouse agreed to trade its Philadelphia properties for NBC's radio and television properties in Cleveland. (Related to the trade, Westinghouse received a cross-station waiver from the FCC to own the Cleveland properties due to overlapping signals with KDKA radio and channel 2.) The decision would lead to an acrimonious relationship between Westinghouse and NBC in later years. Two years after the ownership change, channel 2 became a primary affiliate of the higher-rated CBS network instead. KDKA-TV retained secondary affiliations with NBC until WIIC-TV (channel 11, now WPXI) signed on in 1957, and ABC until WTAE-TV (channel 4) signed on in 1958. Despite the ending of its commercial VHF monopoly, KDKA-TV did welcome competitor WIIC-TV on the air. KDKA-TV became the flagship station of Westinghouse's broadcasting arm, Group W. During the late 1950s, KDKA-TV was briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network, sharing the affiliation with WTAE-TV, WIIC-TV, and WQED. On November 22, 1963, newscaster Bill Burns provided almost three hours of live coverage after the shooting of President John F. Kennedy.

In 1994, Westinghouse was looking to make a group-wide affiliation deal for its stations as part of a larger plan to transform itself into a major media conglomerate after WJZ-TV lost its ABC affiliation to Scripps-owned WMAR-TV in an affiliation deal spurred by Fox's affiliation deal with New World Communications. Westinghouse negotiated with NBC and CBS for a deal. Had Westinghouse signed with NBC, KDKA-TV would affiliate itself with NBC 40 years after passing up the network, with the CBS affiliation going to WPXI, who had originally intended to affiliate itself with CBS until the NBC-Westinghouse feud started as well as channel 11's own sign-on problems in the 1950s. While NBC (the highest-rated network during much of the 1980s and 1990s) offered more money, CBS was interested in the programming opportunities Westinghouse offered, due to its own stagnation in programming at the time. CBS also offered a potential merger of their respective radio networks down the road (which ultimately happened), while NBC had abandoned radio in 1987. Ultimately, Westinghouse signed a long-term deal with CBS to convert the entire five-station Group W television unit to a group-wide CBS affiliation, making the Pittsburgh market one of the few major markets that were not affected by the affiliation switches.

In 1995, Westinghouse acquired CBS, making KDKA-TV a CBS owned-and-operated station, after four decades as being simply a CBS affiliate. In 1997, Westinghouse became CBS Corporation, which would then merge with Viacom (which had been Paramount's parent since 1994) in 2000, making KDKA-TV a sister station with Pittsburgh UPN affiliate WNPA-TV (channel 19, now independent station WPKD-TV). Five years later, Viacom became the new CBS Corporation and spun off a new Viacom. In May 2003, KDKA-TV retired the distinctive Group W font in its logo after 40 years, adopting a more standardized CBS branding identity.

In August 2007, KDKA-TV unveiled a new image campaign, entitled "Your Home", with music and lyrics performed by singer-songwriter Bill Deasy. The promo features scenes of Pittsburgh and its surrounding areas, as well as three of the station's personalites. In September 2007, the station unveiled another promo featuring the Joe Grushecky song "Coming Home". Later, a third spot, "Long Way Home", was introduced, featuring the voice of Kelsey Friday.

On February 2, 2017, CBS agreed to sell CBS Radio to Entercom (now Audacy), currently the fourth-largest radio broadcasting company in the United States. The sale was completed on November 17, 2017, and was conducted using a Reverse Morris Trust so that it was tax-free. While CBS shareholders retained a 72% ownership stake in the combined company, Entercom was the surviving entity, with KDKA radio and its sister stations now separated from KDKA-TV, though the three stations maintain a strong news and content sharing agreement.

On December 4, 2019, CBS Corporation and Viacom remerged into ViacomCBS (now Paramount Global).

On March 21, 2023, KDKA-TV adopted a new logo and on-air branding in accordance with the current CBS "deconstructed eye" corporate identity; the new brand maintains the "KDKA-TV News" title as a verbal brand alongside a standardized "CBS News Pittsburgh" logo. Though most of its sister stations went with the corporate blue/white color scheme as a default, the station instead went with a black and gold scheme, embolic of the primary and secondary colors used in the flag of Pittsburgh, along with the city's professional sports teams. Conversely, its sister station in Philiadephia, KYW-TV, went with a black and green motif matching that of the Philadelphia Eagles.

Programming
Part of the 1995 affiliation agreement between CBS and Westinghouse included a deal to carry the entire CBS lineup in pattern, with no preemptions except for extended breaking news coverage or local news events. In the fall of 1995, channel 2 began running the entire CBS lineup in pattern, as it, and sister station KPIX-TV in San Francisco, were already affiliated with the network. However, unlike its rivals, KDKA-TV runs the weekday edition of the CBS Evening News a half-hour later, from 7 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time, due to its evening newscast running for three full hours from 4 to 7 p.m. The weekend editions usually air on Saturdays at 6:30 p.m. and Sundays at 6 p.m.

Preempted programming
Prior to 1995, channel 2 preempted moderate amounts of CBS programming. From the early 1960s to July 1990, the station did not clear As the World Turns, except for a brief period from December 1976 to October 1978. At the same time, WTAJ-TV in Altoona had run the program and was viewable in much of Pittsburgh itself and the eastern part of the market, and was even carried on many Pittsburgh-area cable systems well into the 1980s. Also, CBS affiliates WTOV-TV in Steubenville (until 1980) and WTRF-TV in Wheeling (from 1980) were viewable in Pittsburgh and points west. Until 1978, As the World Turns ran on WPGH and for a few years after that, it ran on WPTT-TV (channel 22). KDKA-TV also preempted the daytime game shows and reruns from CBS at various points during the 1970s. KDKA-TV was one of four CBS affiliates to preempt the 1974 film Death Wish on its television debut despite the network's 30+ cuts to its violent content; these affiliates objected not only to the remaining amount of violence in the film, but also to the apparent endorsement by the film of vigilante violence. The station also occasionally preempted other CBS prime time programs for a syndicated movie, local news special, or sports (during the years in which the station had broadcast rights to Pittsburgh Pirates baseball and Pittsburgh Penguins hockey). Weekend preemptions included a small portion of Saturday and Sunday morning cartoons, and Sunday morning religious programs. In 1993, KDKA-TV stopped running CBS This Morning and instead ran Disney's syndicated cartoon block. Despite the preemptions, CBS was mostly satisfied with KDKA-TV, as it was the far-and-away market leader in Pittsburgh owing to its eight-year head-start on its main competitors.

Syndicated and local talk shows
As a Westinghouse-owned station, KDKA-TV carried the numerous syndicated talk shows produced by its subsidiary Group W Productions, including The Merv Griffin Show, The Mike Douglas Show, Evening Magazine, and Hour Magazine. It also produced a local program titled Pittsburgh Talks.

Later in the 1980s, KDKA-TV carried the early seasons of the syndicated Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune, though in separate time slots as opposed to the standard practice of airing them back-to-back; the station lost both shows to WPXI in 1988. Channel 2 also aired another King World Productions-distributed program, The Oprah Winfrey Show, during its first nine nationally syndicated seasons (1986–1995), airing the show weekdays at 5 p.m. In 1989, KDKA-TV acquired the rights to The Sally Jessy Raphael Show, airing it weekdays at 9 a.m. and Donahue weekdays at 4 p.m., respectively. However, due to the poor ratings of Donahue in the Pittsburgh market, KDKA-TV showed strong interest in new talk shows.

Sally and Donahue moved to WTAE-TV in 1993, and two years later, KDKA-TV debuted a 5 p.m. newscast, at which point Oprah also moved to WTAE-TV, airing at 4 p.m. In 1997, The Ricki Lake Show moved to WPGH-TV and Sally returned to KDKA-TV, and once again was given the 9 a.m. time slot, where it remained on and off until its cancellation in 2002. Sally was a success in the Pittsburgh area, even beating Montel Williams on WPXI in the 1990s. A revamped version of Pittsburgh 2day Live replaced Sally.

KDKA-TV aired The Rosie O'Donnell Show during its entire six-year run at the 4 p.m. time slot. After the show ended its run in 2002, rather than airing its replacement (the short-lived Caroline Rhea Show, which aired on WPXI), KDKA-TV became the first station in the Pittsburgh market to air a 4 p.m. newscast.

From August 2020 to March 2023, Dr. Phil was the only syndicated show airing on KDKA-TV in any capacity outside of the graveyard slot between the post-late fringe and breakfast television, as the station aired either CBS network programming or local news throughout the day except for the 3–4 p.m. slot for Dr. Phil, with sister station WPKD now airing a heavy syndicated schedule during daytime programming. With Dr. Phil ending its run, rather than expanding its evening newscasts to five hours, KDKA-TV launched a new afternoon talk-show spinoff of PTL called Talk Pittsburgh on March 20, 2023. Dr. Phil has since aired on sister station WPKD-TV.

Local shows

 * Sports Showdown – sports talk show
 * KDKA Fan N'ation – sports fan talk show
 * Intersections – community affairs program
 * Inside PA Politics - political/public affairs program co-produced by KYW-TV
 * The Nightly Sports Call – nightly sports talk show in conjunction with KDKA-FM
 * Pittsburgh Today Live (PTL) – lifestyle talk show
 * Talk Pittsburgh – lifestyle talk show afternoon spinoff of PTL

Seasonal

 * KD Quiz (airs during the school year) – "quiz bowl" format show with three teams composed of local high school students
 * The Children's Hospital Free-Care Fund (1954–present; airs during the holiday season) – yearly telethon
 * Hometown Holiday Lights – Series aired during KDKA's newscasts; contest between local families with Christmas displays at their residence.
 * Steelers Kickoff (during the NFL season) – Pittsburgh Steelers pre-game show hosted by Bob Pompeani, Rich Walsh, Gerry DuLac, and Charlie Batch.
 * Extra Point (airs during the NFL season) – Pittsburgh Steelers post-game show after CBS broadcasts, hosted by Bob Pompeani and Chris Hoke.
 * The Steelers Sports Call (airs during the NFL season) Steelers version of The Nightly Sports Call.

Former

 * Evening Magazine (August 1, 1977 – October 12, 1990)
 * Giant Eagle High School Sports Advantage
 * The Hines Ward Show (September 2, 2006 – January 31, 2009)
 * The Jerome Bettis Show (September 12, 1998 – February 4, 2006)
 * The Lynne Hayes-Freeland Show (1990–2021)
 * Mario Lemieux Celebrity Golf Invitational
 * Pittsburgh 2Day (1978 – January 19, 1990)
 * Pittsburgh Penguins hockey (1989–1997)
 * Pittsburgh Pirates baseball (1957–1994)
 * Wake Up With Larry Richert (1988–1990)
 * Your Pittsburgh (2016–2020)
 * KD/PG Sunday Edition – public affairs program; joint production with Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
 * Steelers Trivia Challenge (July 16, 2005–2019; aired during the NFL season) – A "quiz bowl" format, modeled after Hometown High Q, with three teams composed of three Pittsburgh Steelers fans who answer team-related trivia questions.
 * Steelers Huddle (September 19, 2009–2018)
 * The Sunday Business Page
 * Hometown/KDKA High Q (1998–2023) – predecessor to KD Quiz.

Pittsburgh Steelers
As CBS holds the broadcast contract with the NFL to show games involving AFC teams, KDKA-TV has been the official broadcaster of most Pittsburgh Steelers games since 1998, and serves as the team's flagship station. The team's preseason games that are not nationally televised are also shown on KDKA-TV. KDKA-TV began its relationship with the Steelers in 1962, when CBS first started the leaguewide television package. The Steelers are one of three AFC teams that predate the AFC's basis league, the American Football League, and so KDKA-TV, and not WTAE-TV or WIIC-TV (now WPXI), carried Steelers road games (home games were blacked out locally under all circumstances until 1973, when sold-out home games began to be allowed on local television)—the AFL had television contracts with ABC, and later, NBC.

Due to the NFL rules of the time, after the AFL-NFL merger (and with it, the Steelers move to the newly formed AFC), KDKA-TV did not broadcast any Steelers games from 1970 to 1972 (Steeler games were exclusive to what was then WIIC-TV in that period). Beginning in 1973, KDKA-TV was allowed to air any Steelers games in which they hosted a team from the National Football Conference, which contained most of the old-line NFL teams. KDKA-TV also broadcast two Steeler championship wins, Super Bowl X in 1976 and Super Bowl XIV in 1980. Since the Steelers have sold out every home game starting in 1972, no blackouts have been required. In the meantime, from 1970 to 1997, channel 11 aired most Steelers games (and exclusively from 1970 to 1972).

When the NFC package moved from CBS to Fox in 1994, WPGH-TV aired the Steelers games that had before aired on KDKA-TV, leaving the senior station without Steelers games for four years. Today, and in general since 1970, the only exceptions to all the above are when the Steelers play at night. Their Monday Night Football games have always aired locally on WTAE-TV, first when ABC had the rights, and since 2006, on ESPN. WTAE-TV also aired simulcasts of their games aired as part of ESPN Sunday Night Football from 1987 to 2005 (since 2006, WPXI airs Steelers games when they play on Sunday nights). The NFL requires games on cable channels to be simulcast over-the-air in the markets of the participating teams (again with the home team's broadcast subject to blackout). WTAE-TV has simulcast ESPN-aired games because ESPN is 20% owned by WTAE-TV's owners, Hearst Corporation—their ABC stations have right of first refusal for these simulcasts. Games on TNT and NFL Network have aired on various stations in the area. In 2014, with the NFL's new 'cross-flex' broadcast rules, any games that involve the Steelers playing another AFC opponent (or NFC opponent on the road) scheduled to air on KDKA-TV can now air on Fox station WPGH-TV.

News operation
KDKA-TV presently broadcasts 43 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with seven hours each weekday, $4 1/2$ hours on Saturdays and $3 1/2$ hours on Sundays); KDKA-TV also produces 2 hours, 35 minutes of local newscasts each weekday for its independent sister station WPKD-TV, in the form of a two hour-long extension of KDKA-TV's weekday morning newscast at 7 a.m. and a nightly 35-minute newscast at 10 p.m. The station also shares newsgathering operations and co-produces certain public affairs shows with the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette newspaper.

Under Westinghouse ownership, KDKA-TV used the Eyewitness News branding for its newscasts, pioneered by sister station KYW-TV. That, combined with being locally-owned, saw the station dominate its local news ratings for decades, though WTAE-TV became more competitive in the 1970s with its Action News format (which it still uses the branding for today), as well as signing over ex-KDKA-TV talent Paul Long & Don Cannon and a general larger investment in its news department by its owner Hearst Communications.

The 1990s saw many changes to the news department at KDKA-TV, notably Westinghouse's purchase of CBS and moving its headquarters to New York City (thus losing its locally-owned status), as well as KDKA-TV losing its flagship station status to WCBS-TV and KCBS-TV. Additionally, the Eyewitness News branding was dropped in 1997, in favor of simply "KDKA-TV News". By this point, WPXI had become more competitive with KDKA-TV & WTAE-TV due to its own investment into the news department back in the 1980s by its owner Cox Media Group, leading to a spirited three-way battle for first place in a market KDKA-TV once dominated.

In 2001, KDKA-TV began producing a 10 p.m. newscast on WNPA (now WPKD-TV); in 2005, it added a two-hour weekday morning newscast from 7 to 9 a.m. on that station (which was later reduced to one hour from 7 to 8 a.m., but in 2019 the 8 a.m. hour was restored).

On June 16, 2009, KDKA-TV began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition.

In January 2019, the station fired an employee who programmed a lower third graphic to refer to New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady as a "known cheater" during a report on Super Bowl LIII.

KDKA-TV launched a streaming news service, CBSN Pittsburgh (a localized version of the national CBSN service) on March 5, 2020, as part of a rollout of similar services across the CBS-owned stations. It was rebranded to CBS News Pittsburgh in early 2022.

On August 17, 2020, KDKA premiered a new weekday news program at 7:30 p.m., replacing Extra, which is still seen overnights. This competes against 7 p.m. newscasts on WTAE-TV and WPXI, however neither one of those stations air their 7 p.m. newscasts on their main channel (WTAE-TV airs theirs on the Cozi TV digital subchannel 4.2 while WPXI airs theirs through sister channel PCNC due to airing the Sony game show block Wheel of Fortune/Jeopardy! during that time.), leaving KDKA-TV the only station in the Pittsburgh market to air a newscast during the Prime Time Access Hour on its main signal.

Ratings
As of May 2015, KDKA-TV is the most watched news station in the Pittsburgh area in the hours of Noon, 4, 5, 6 and 11 p.m.; the 7 a.m. newscast it produces for WPKD rated quite strongly at that time slot. However, WTAE-TV is the most watched news program in the area at 6 a.m. WPXI is also most watched at the 5 a.m. hour. WPGH-TV is the 10 p.m. newscast leader; WPXI has supplied its newscasts since 2006.

Notable current on-air staff

 * Charlie Batch – Steelers analyst
 * Jon Delano – money and politics reporter (1994–present)
 * John Shumway – anchor/reporter (1988–present)

Notable former on-air staff

 * Susan Barnett – anchor (1999–2003; later at KYW-TV in Philadelphia)
 * Bill Burns – anchor (1953–89; now deceased)
 * Patti Burns – anchor/reporter (1974–97; now deceased)
 * Don Cannon – anchor/reporter (1999–2008)
 * Rehema Ellis – began broadcast career at KDKA-TV; now with NBC News
 * Marty Griffin – investigative and consumer assistance reporter ("Get Marty"); now at sister station KDKA radio
 * Donna Hanover – hosted Evening Magazine (1977–80; later an anchor/reporter in New York City)
 * Ron Klink – weekend anchor/reporter (1977–91); later elected as a United States Representative (D-PA).
 * Dennis Miller – contributor and guest host of Evening Magazine; now at RT America
 * Josh Miller (born 1970), American football player and football analyst
 * Paul Moyer – anchor/reporter (1971; later an anchor in Los Angeles; now retired)
 * Ron Olsen – reporter/talk show host (1976–79)
 * Larry Richert – anchor and weatherman (1988–2001), currently hosting morning show on sister radio station KDKA
 * John Sanders – sports anchor
 * Stacy Smith – anchor (1983–2021; now retired)
 * John Steigerwald – sports anchor (1985–2007)
 * Paul Steigerwald – sports reporter (1987–98; formerly a play-by-play announcer for the Pittsburgh Penguins at AT&T SportsNet Pittsburgh, now works for the team's front office)
 * Dick Stockton – sports reporter (1967–71; later at CBS Sports; then concurrently at Fox Sports and Turner Sports, now retired)
 * Brian Sussman – weatherman (1987; was most recently at KSFO in San Francisco, now retired)
 * Marie Torre – anchor/reporter (1962–77; now deceased)

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
KDKA-TV ended regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 2, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate, during that night's broadcast of the Late Show with David Letterman. The station showed the High Flight video clip, and a compilation of their analog history with "The Star-Spangled Banner" as background music, before shutting off. As part of the SAFER Act, KDKA-TV kept its analog signal on the air until July 12 to inform viewers of the digital television transition through a loop of public service announcements from the National Association of Broadcasters. On June 17, 2009, during the nightlight period, KDKA-TV temporarily resumed regular programming to air severe weather coverage. The station's digital signal continued to broadcast on its pre-transition UHF channel 25, using virtual channel 2.

In July 2009, the station applied to the FCC to operate two repeater signals: channel 31 in Morgantown, West Virginia, and channel 40 in Johnstown.

title: KDKA-TV


text:
Talk:Alternating knot

Untitled
Stuff that should be added to this article:

 * Who invented the concept? Who first proved something non-trivial about alternation?  Who first proved a knot to be non-alternating?
 * How does one prove a knot is non-alternating? I suspect the polynomial invariants identify non-alternating knots, but I don't know.
 * What's the simplest non-alternating link? Pictures?
 * Are there any theorems that have "alternating" as a hypothesis?

--Dbenbenn 03:53, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Some of the questions are answered by now. Some stuff to be added: explanation of how to show a knot is non-alternating (Alexander polynomial can be used). Alternating knots go back to Tait, and even before him to celtic knots and artwork. --C S (Talk) 13:42, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

According to 01:11 point of this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PODjlS_hAvk

Ralph Fox asked "What is an alternating knot?" in circa 1961. A quick search reveals that Ralph Fox wrote two articles in 1961 on knot theory:

Some problems in knot theory, Topology of 3-manifolds and related topics

A quick trip through knot theory, Topology of 3-manifolds and related topics

So I guess that's where that quote came from? Cosmia Nebula (talk) 08:10, 30 December 2015 (UTC)

Does the picture shown actually depict a nonalternating knot?
It seems to me the picture is of an alternating knot, just with a nonalternating drawing. By contrast the knot 8_19 on Knot Atlas (http://katlas.org/w/images/c/c9/8crossing-symmetrical-nonalternating.png) does seem to be nonalternating. Should we use this picture instead? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:644:402:440:CD6E:FA45:389B:2496 (talk) 08:11, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Alternating knot