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Talk:Notre Dame Fighting Irish football

Gatewood's First Name
While at ND, Gatewood played under the names Thomas and Tom. Sometime since, however, he has spelled his name with an added "h', and it is under this spelling that he has been inducted into the CFB HOF, per this [] and this.

And Now - Coaches and Seasons
The treatment of Notre Dame football on Wikipedia is woefully lacking compared to that of other major programs, many of which have Good or Featured Articles or Lists associated with coaches, seasons, teams, bowls, and players. The only Good Article appearing on the list of WikiProject College football is on Ara Parseghian.

This is certainly not a matter of design or intent; it is simply that the work has yet to be done by editors interested in creating a comprehensive and accurate presentation of ND football on Wikipedia. Wikipedia has about 250 million page hits per day, a staggering figure. It is the 8th most-visited site on the entire internet, and for better or worse Wikipedia is the default first source for hundreds of millions of readers worldwide. If the profile of Notre Dame's football program and its rich history is to be preserved and presented in detail and with accuracy and accessibilty to fans of the sport and people in general, it must be on this site.

I believe the first step to ameliorate this is to improve this article itself and then work from there. The most visible fault with the article is its approach to the history of coaches and seasons. The section on Knute Rockne has been tagged as too long, and it could be trimmed somewhat while retaining its emphasis on the coach's significance to the university and the sport overall. ND's 4 other HOF coaches (Dan Devine is there too) include two badly underdevelped sections and one much too long. Frank Leahy won 3 NCs for the Irish and is behind only Rockne in national HC all time winning% but gets 2.5 paragraphs; Ara Parseghian won at least 2 NCs and brought the program back into national prominence but gets the same as Leahy while mediocre performers like Davie, Weis, and Kelly have massive and overly-detailed sections. The Lou Holtz section is far, far too long and has rightfully been tagged as such. The proper places on Wikipedia for much of the bloat on Holtz are the articles on the individual seasons.

Here is what I would propose for a collaborative effort to fix this and begin to bring the article at least up to GA status.
 * Establish a hierarchy of importance for information to be included for each coach.
 * Maintain the relative brevity for the average coaches and limit the treatment to 3 to 4 paragraphs.
 * Standardize the sections on the 5 HOF coaches and develop a hierarchy of information, such as leading with number of FCs, then overall W-L at ND with winning %, noting best seasons and why, alluding to two or three significant games in those seasons, perhaps noting Heisman winners and other prominent players.
 * Somewhere in the article, it should be mentioned that ND's success helped to promote national interest in CFB beyond its somewhat narrow origins in the Northeast, and likely more importantly became a source of pride for U.S. Catholics, many of whom still felt marginalized by the larger American society in the exact time period that the Irish rose to prominence and who felt a vicarious connection with the university (as in the Wikipedia article on Subway Alumni). This last point would of course need to be carefully sourced but most definitely can be.

Once this base article is improved, I think that we can begin work on lists and other ancillary matters to help bring ND's position in college football to its rightful position here on Wikipedia.

The fact of the prominence of the program makes developing solid sources for virtually anything regarding ND football possible. In any event, as both an ND alum and an overall fan of CFB, I think that ND football deserves a better representation on this site than it currently has. I will begin soon to standardize the coaches' subsections as mentioned above, and I hope that others who have an interest in ND and CFB will consider working on this or other areas as well. Sensei48 (talk) 23:34, 27 April 2022 (UTC) Jim Moran, BA 1971

Kyle Hamilton
Kyle Hamilton is in the NFL as an Notre Dame alumni, but not listed. 2600:1011:B040:94C:DDB3:D474:4D46:D06B (talk) 16:51, 22 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Notre Dame Fighting Irish football


text:
Category:Service industries

The service industries (More formally termed: 'tertiary sector of industry' by economists) involve the provision of services to businesses as well as final consumers. Such services include accounting, tradesmanship (like mechanic or plumber services), computer services, restaurants, tourism, etc.

Hence, a service Industry is one where no goods are produced whereas primary industries are those that extract minerals, oil etc. from the ground and secondary industries are those that manufacture products, including builders, but not remodeling contractors.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Service industries


text:
Talk:WWE SmackDown

Commentators
Someone has changed the main page to show Booker T as a commentator for Smackdown since Dec 10 2010. Booker T does not debut until the Februarty 4th 2011 edition of Smackdown. This needs to be reversed and a new entry made for the new announce team BXCanada (talk) 07:33, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

I hope noby minds but i went ahead and fixed the entry BXCanada (talk) 07:44, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

Its nice Aswad khan lawon (talk) 11:04, 13 August 2016 (UTC)

Ratings
Hi firstly apologies as not edited wiki for a while so a little rusty. I've noticed that the seasonal ratings sources are not currently working and that a few are missing. Found a site with 07-08 which has "164 FRIDAY NIGHT SMACKDOWN 34 4640 1.6" at http://televisionista.blogspot.com/2008/06/tv-ratings-2007-2008-season-top-200.html not sure if this is a usable soure though Bobatron83 (talk) 20:56, 16 February 2011 (UTC)

Bumper music
Someone should add the fact that Rev Theory's Hangman has been used as bumper music for the show. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.165.240.212 (talk) 03:58, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

First episode
The show's first episode was on April 29, 1999. It was the show's pilot, but I don't see how that makes it any different. The show had the same name and set.Politician818 (talk) 06:25, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

Politician, it did not have the same set. It used the RAW set (including red ring ropes), only with more blue spot lighting. Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMzEok_jtNI  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.85.246.113 (talk) 21:20, 9 June 2011 (UTC) I see that it was a different set, but was it not still the same show?67.188.208.139 (talk) 05:51, 2 June 2012 (UTC)
 * It was a special as a tryout, not part of the regular series as yet. So it shouldn't count as the first episode. oknazevad (talk) 13:26, 20 December 2012 (UTC)

 * WWE dosnt count it either the first listed episode on WWE Network is episode 2 but its listed as episode 1 Tony Spike (talk) 10:01, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

Intro paragraph
The grammar in the opening paragraph is atrocious. I think it's referring to the brand split, but it's so poorly worded it's kind of hard to tell. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.13.124.97 (talk) 20:36, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

International broadcast
Before I changed the list into paragraphs, I wanted others opinions on the subject of the clean up I placed on there. Kiraroshi1976 (talk) 02:11, 7 December 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Page name changed
Why was this page name changed without a consensus? I think it is wrong to change a page without talking about the change. - Kiraroshi1976 (talk) 22:42, 31 July 2016 (UTC)

Change Page Name
This page should be changed to WWE Smackdown Live as that is the correct name of the brand and tv show. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alezomar (talk • contribs) 04:51, 26 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Brand name has always been SmackDown. The nickname "SmackDown Live" is used for SmackDown airing live on Tuesdays, the same way "Monday Night Raw" is used for Raw airing (live) on Mondays. Also, no matter how much WWE changes the name of this program, the common name will still remain as SmackDown.  Nickag 989 talk 05:51, 26 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Shifting to cable only (2010–2019)
"Now you're playing with super power". 72.69.169.180 (talk) 17:14, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

Netflix
Wasn’t Smackdown part of the Netflix deal outside of the US? Hughesjc91 (talk) 15:35, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:WWE SmackDown


text:
User talk:Lelover123

JFW | T@lk  17:38, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lelover123


text:
BR Standard Class 2 2-6-2T

The British Railways standard class 2 2-6-2T was a class of steam locomotive, one of the standard classes of the 1950s.

Design and construction
The class was designed at Derby Works and introduced in 1953. The design derived from the LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-2T which BR had built after nationalisation. Modifications were made to the Ivatt design including a reduced cab to reduce the loading gauge and some standard fittings. BR classified them 2MT, emphasising a mixed-traffic role.

As most services which required 2MT 2-6-2Ts were already served by the 130 Ivatt engines, B.R. only ordered 30 engines, which eliminated pre-grouping steam locomotives as much as possible on local services.

The first 20 engines were outshopped at Crewe Works, and intended for use on ex-London Midland and Scottish Railway routes, then known as the London Midland Region. The second batch, this time built at Darlington Works, and were also the final steam locomotives built at Darlington were numbered 84020–84029, and intended for Southern Region lines.

Liveries
Only two liveries were carried by the 2MTs- British Railway lined black with the earlier and later emblems. Although all locomotives received the latter, only 84000–84019 received the early emblem as the Darlington built locomotives were constructed in 1957, following the 1956 changeover to the late crest. The Darlington engines carried large 10 in high cab-side numerals, whilst the Crewe engines carried standard 8 in high numerals.

Service
The LMR locomotives were used on push-pull routes, and were often allocated alongside the Ivatt 2MT 2-6-2T engines with which they shared most of their origins. Numbers 84021–84029, the Southern Region locomotives were all allocated to the Eastern Section depot at Ashford for use on the lines over Romney Marsh and local trains on the Margate via Canterbury West route. Most were transferred away to the North Eastern Region in the early 1960s following electrification, but several locomotives (including some of the LMR allocation) were re-allocated to Eastleigh in 1965 for possible use on the Isle of Wight, replacing life-expired LSWR O2 class engines, which were all over 70 years old by then. However, this plan did not cover a coaching stock replacement, and thus the locomotives were ultimately scrapped.

Preservation
None of the class survived the cutter's torch, although their size and configuration would have made them an ideal choice for use on heritage railways. However, four BR Standard Class 2 2-6-0 locomotives – the tender-equipped equivalent – did survive, and one of these, 78059, is being rebuilt into 2-6-2T "84030". This takes the next number in the original series. 78059 was chosen primarily because it lost its tender, one of several sold for use elsewhere while at Woodham Brothers scrapyard, Barry. Further reasons cited by the Bluebell Railway, where 78059 is based, are the suitability of the locomotive class for the railway's service trains, and because the tender version of the class was never allocated to the Southern Region, and hence the tank version (which was allocated there) is far more appropriate for the Bluebell's Southern Region location. As of 2013, 78059 was considered to no longer exist, as the fitting of the hind engine frame extensions have turned it into 84030.

title: BR Standard Class 2 2-6-2T


text:
Wikipedia:1911 Encyclopedia topics

This was once a list of topics from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica which did not have articles on Wikipedia. The first draft of the articles completing the merger of the 1911 Britannica is now complete; verification of the draft list has now begun at 1911 verification.

The section Free, public-domain sources for 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica text in the article 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica contains several public domain sources. The section Other sources for 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica text contains links to sources that may not be in the public domain.

Some of the text was generated using Optical character recognition (ocr) which contains a lot of spelling errors etc., so do not copy and paste any text from this to Wikipedia without checking it thoroughly. Also remember that information in the EB 1911 is out of date, so may be wrong, especially on scientific topics and cities. Many city articles already exist on Wikipedia, but are under different or accented names. The current names with proper accents can be found by searching Wikipedia and Google.

There is a sister project on Wikisource called WikiProject 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica which is compiling a proofread version of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. So a good place to start is with the articles on 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. If that project does not yet contain the article you are interested in you can help that article by proofreading the raw ocr generated pages on Wikisource and then copying that text into the article on Wikipedia.

An easier resource for terms at the beginning of the alphabet involves going to PGDP, choosing a volume, going to the volume's "project comments", then choosing "Images, Pages Proofread, & Differences". Click on the various text links in the rightmost column (all labelled by file size), and find the term you're looking for. This text has been thoroughly proofread and can simply be copy-and-pasted. There is no need to delete the newlines or HTML code, Wikipedia will convert them properly automatically. This is most easily done using tabbed browsing, so that you don't have to go back and forth between the long list of entries.

Always add the 1911 tag to articles that contain text copied from the 1911 encyclopædia.

(100.0%) complete 0 topics remain of the 14,707 starting topics

If assuming 40,000 original articles, 100.0% complete.

Full list
The only remaining task on Variation and selection is integrating references, probably to their own authors' pages. That page is still up for historical interest and to finish small amounts, but for all intents and purposes, this article is merged. I'm taking it off the 1911 list, and thus '''declaring the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica to be, at first draft level, merged into Wikipedia. Ladies, gentlemen, and algorithms, it's been an honor.''' Alba 15:24, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Yay! Stan 02:32, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Archive
Archive available at 1911 Encyclopedia topics/Categorised.

title: Wikipedia:1911 Encyclopedia topics


text:
HMS Starling (U66)

HMS Starling, pennant number U66, was a Modified Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She was active in the Battle of the Atlantic during the Second World War and was the most successful anti-submarine warfare vessel of the Royal Navy, being credited with the destruction of fourteen U-boats.

Construction
Starling was ordered on 18 July 1941 under the 1940 Supplementary War Building Programme; she was laid down by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Govan, Scotland, on 21 October 1941. She was launched on 14 October 1942, and commissioned on 1 April 1943, with a build time of 17 months and 10 days.

Service history
Starling joined Western Approaches Command in April 1943 under the command of Captain Frederic John Walker, leader of the 2nd Support Group (2SG). This was a flotilla of six sloops not tied down to convoy protection, but free to hunt down U-boats wherever found. The other ships of the group were HMS Cygnet (U38), HMS Kite (U87), HMS Wild Goose (U45), HMS Woodpecker (U08), and HMS Wren (U28).

Starling's first patrol in May 1943 was uneventful; There were several major convoy battles during the month, but none involving 2 SG. Starlings first success came on 1 June 1943, when the group's first U-boat was detected: fortuitously on a fine day and identified by Lt. Earl Howe Pitt. This event was dubbed another "Glorious First of June" by Walker. Over a 15-hour period the group found, tracked and destroyed GS U-202, in the longest hunt of the Atlantic campaign up to that point.

On their return to Liverpool, Starling and 2SG were assigned to "Operation Musketry", an attempt, in concert with Coastal Command, to interdict the U-boat transit routes across the Bay of Biscay. On 24 June 1943 the group was successful in destroying two U-boats; Starling destroyed GS U-119 (1942), but was damaged when she rammed the U-boat to dispatch it. She was forced to return to Britain for repairs, under the temporary command of Cdr. DEG Wemyss of Wild Goose, Walker having stayed with the group.

In October, on returning to the group, Starling was involved in the battle around convoy ON 207. No successes were recorded, though the convoy battle saw three U-boats destroyed, with no ships lost.

In November 1943, in operations around HX 264, Starling and 2 SG accounted for two more U-boats, GS U-226 and GS U-842.

In December, while in support of SL 140/MKS 31, Starling attacked and damaged GS U-843, forcing it to abandon its attack. In January 1944, supporting convoy SL 147/MKS 38, Starling shared in the destruction of GS U-592.

In February she took part in the famous "Six in one trip" episode, where 2 SG destroyed six U-boats over a two-week period. Starling shared in the destruction of four of these; GS U-592 on 31 January, GS U-734 and GS U-238 on 9 February, and GS U-264 on 19 February.

In March 1944, Starling and 2 SG, accompanied by escort carrier Vindex, sought and destroyed GS U-653, a U-boat on weather-reporting duty in the North Atlantic. Later that month, while supporting Murmansk convoy JW 58, Starling met and destroyed GS U-961 in transit to the North Atlantic. She had no other success, though three U-boats were destroyed in attacks on JW 58.

In May the group responded to an attack on USS Donnell (DE-56) by GS U-473. Though starting from 300 miles away Walker, in an inspired piece of work, divined where to search and after a three-day search gained contact. An 18-hour hunt brought U-473 to the surface, where she was sunk by gunfire.

In June Starling was part of "Operation Neptune" in support of the Normandy landings, and was instrumental in preventing any attacks on the invasion fleet. In all fifteen U-boats were destroyed in attempts to attack the invasion fleet, though Starling herself had no success.

In July Starling suffered her heaviest blow when Capt. FJ Walker died of a cerebral haemorrhage, brought on by overwork and exhaustion.

Under her new captain, Cdr. NW Duck, Starling and 2 SG had another successful patrol in the Bay of Biscay in August when four U-boats were destroyed; Starling took part in three of these actions, against GS U-333, GS U-736, and GS U-385.

In September Starling moved to 22EG, under Cdr. GWE Castens, but the U-boat war had changed character, and Starling saw little further success. The campaign became a hunt for single raiders operating in the shallow coastal waters, where a U-boat could hide among the wrecks on the sea bottom. Hunts for these "lone wolves" was a slow and tedious business, though merchant ship losses were kept to a minimum.

In January 1945 Starling, with ships of 22EG, attacked a promising target in the North Channel: They were credited, following examination of German records in the post-war period, with the destruction of GS U-482. However this assessment was re-evaluated in 1991, and the credit was withdrawn; the attack was deemed to have been on a non-sub target.

With the end of the war in Europe Starling was earmarked for duty in the Pacific, but while re-fitting for this the war there ended. In September 1945 Starling paid off, and in October went into reserve.

Post-war service
In 1946 Starling was re-activated for service with HMS Dryad, the Royal Navy's Navigation Training School. She was modified as a Navigation training ship and remained in service for the next ten years.

In 1953 she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

During her last year in commission, she visited the Norwegian fjords and the U-boat base at Kiel. Her final voyage was a call at Bootle Liverpool to attend a farewell celebration provided by the local authority and Captain Walker's widow took passage on the final sailing from Bootle to Portsmouth where she paid off.

Battle honours

 * Biscay 1943
 * Atlantic 1943–45
 * Arctic 1944
 * Normandy 1944

Successes
Starling participated in the sinking of fourteen U-boats:

During the war the Starling was credited, along with the sloops HMS Amethyst (F116), HMS Peacock (U96), HMS Hart (U58), and frigate HMS Loch Craggie (K609), with sinking the GS U-482 in the North Channel on 16 January 1945. The British Admiralty withdrew this credit in a post-war reassessment.

In popular culture

 * Starling's service in the Arctic convoys (fictionalised as "HMS Sparrow") is described in the prologue to children's adventure novel The Salt-stained Book by Julia Jones (2011).

title: HMS Starling (U66)


text:
A Sportsman's Sketches

A Sportsman's Sketches (Записки охотника; also known as A Sportman's Notebook, The Hunting Sketches and Sketches from a Hunter's Album) is an 1852 cycle of short stories by Ivan Turgenev. It was the first major writing that gained him recognition.

This work is part of the Russian realist tradition in that the narrator is usually an uncommitted observer of the people he meets.

Writing and publication
Turgenev based many of these short stories on his own observations while hunting at his mother's estate at Spasskoye, where he learned of the abuse of the peasants and the injustices of the Russian system that constrained them. The frequent abuse of Turgenev by his mother certainly had an effect on this work.

The stories were first published singly in The Contemporary between 1847 and 1851 before appearing in 1852 in book form. Turgenev was about to give up writing when the first story, "Khor and Kalinich", was well received. The work as a whole actually led to Turgenev's house arrest (part of the reason, the other being his epitaph to Nikolai Gogol) at Spasskoye.

Khor and Kalinych
Story of two peasants one who is extremely thrifty, and the other an idealist, both of whom work for a petty landowner named Polutykin. This introduces the role of the narrator as the uncommitted observer. Turgenev at once appears as a writer and an artist but also a social reformer and activist. The separation of the two peasants plays a big role in later works by the author, as he explained in a speech given in 1860 where he talks about the dichotomy of his "Hamlet-like" and "Quixotic" characters. The main idea here though is displaying the intelligence of the peasants and the idiocy of their master. It is also perhaps one of his strongest arguments in favor of Westernization in Russia.

Yermolay and the Miller’s Wife
Story of the narrator's hunter friend and a night they spend at a miller's home. This is the first sketch he appears in. The man, Zverkov, gives the reader a clear idea of the injustices of serfdom, this being the main idea of this particular story.

Raspberry Water
Story of the narrator meeting and talking to two peasants at a little spring called Raspberry Water (which did exist and still exists in Russia). Here the narrator is very distant, akin to early Realist narrators, and learns of the self-deprivation peasants take upon themselves through the recollections of the old peasant named Foggy.

District Doctor
Struck with fever in a small village, the narrator is visited by a district doctor who tells him a story of how he fell in love with a dying girl. It is told from his perspective rather than the narrator's.

My Neighbor Radilov
Yermolay is with the narrator again. The story consists of them meeting a landowner named Radilov. They have dinner at his house and learn he is not a typical landowner and shows goodwill (he's not gloomy about his fate either). He mentions when his wife died and how he didn't really shed a tear until he saw a fly crawl over her eye. Radilov disappears at the end and the family he lived with does not know where he went.

Farmer Ovsyanikov
The narrator talks with a poor landowner. The landowner tells stories about his and the narrator's ancestors, other nobles of the area, and the social ills of serfdom. The story takes place entirely within the freeholder's home.

Lgov
Yermolay and the narrator go hunting and meet up with Old Knot, an old peasant who is the local fisherman and has held several ridiculous positions in the area. This story is particularly noteworthy for its vivid character descriptions. The group goes hunting in the lake with a pretentious hunter named Vladimir, sink the boat and then wade to shore filthy after great difficulty.

Bezhin Lea
The narrator gets lost in the woods and comes across a clearing, where he meets up with five peasant boys near a fire who are guarding the horses. The narrator pretends to be asleep and the boys forget he is there and start talking about fairies and talking animals, stories that they believe to be true. The beauty of the story is typically found in the innocence of the young boys. Serfdom here is hidden in the background, never truly mentioned or argued against as in the other stories.

Kasyan from the Beautiful Lands
While in a carriage the narrator comes across a funeral procession and goes to Yudin village to get a new axle when theirs breaks. There he meets Kasyan, a fifty-year-old dwarf who lives in the village and who belongs to some unnamed religious sect. He takes them to get a new axle and the narrator notices how at one he seems with his environment and incredibly generous. Kasyan establishes his hatred of established society through his glorification of the world of folklore.

Bailiff
Story about the bailiff (Sofron) of a landowner friend of the narrator who is more in control of the land than Arkady Penochkin. He uses the peasants and steals their money from loans. This story is one of the most vivid examples of the peasantry's exploitation.

The Office
The narrator comes upon a small hut and travels to a village after speaking with an old man there. He comes across a run-down shack that is the main office of the local landowner. He stays there and overhears the head clerk abusing his powers and learns how he uses Losnyakova to abuse the peasants, for example sending away the lover of a young man so they cannot get married. The main idea here is the presentation of the ridiculous bureaucracy created to control the peasants.

Loner
At night in a droshky, the narrator comes across a man, Foma, in the forest who watches over his landowner's property so peasants don't steal wood. He learns the man's wife left him and their children alone and finds his home incredibly depressing. Foma eventually hears a peasant chopping down a tree and they go out to confront him. The forester takes him to his home and threatens to turn him into the landowner. The narrator tries to buy the peasant's wood so he can be set free, and though they fight at first, Foma eventually agrees and pushes the man out the door. Unlike the previous stories, this work was not featured in “The Contemporary” and was only later added to the sketches in 1852.

Two Landowners
Story of two different landowners the narrator knows, with descriptions of mistreatment of the peasants including beatings and descriptions of their miserable huts. This again, gives the reader more callous examples of the treatment of the peasantry.

Lebedyan
Story about a village where the narrator comes across the horse fair. Of particular interest is the lieutenant Khlopakov, who uses catch phrases out of context regardless if they sound strange, which amuses his friend Zhukov. The narrator looks at horses and decides to purchase one, which ends up being lame but he gives up trying to get his money back for it when he realizes the seller's scheme. Turgenev's intentions here were to display the typical events at a local fair.

Tatyana Borisovna and her Nephew
Story about the modest landowner Tatyana whom everyone loves because she is so generous. In spite of being illiterate she is generous to everyone and does not care for typical dealings that landowners spend their time on and does not care for other women landowners in her area. In the story her nephew Andryusha (an orphan) comes to live with her and loves to draw. He eventually gains the interest of Pyotr Benevolensky, a local collegiate counsellor who is a minor acquaintance of Tatyana, who then takes him to St. Petersburg to be trained in art. When he returns, after asking his aunt for money through the mail several times, she finds he has become Benevolensky and is corrupted. He is fat and annoying and spends his time poorly singing words to songs written by Glinka. Her friends stop visiting her because he is so annoying.

Death
In this story the narrator opens with a hunting story concerning his neighbor. They find the trees in the area dying with many fallen onto the ground because of a terrible frost (this is an actual event from Russia in 1840). After this he and his friend come upon a peasant who they are told has been smashed by a tree and they watch him die. This reminds the narrator of several stories he remembers about dying and he uses them to explain how the Russian character presents itself when dying. Each character continues as if performing a ritual, not lamenting or even caring. One old woman, with her final breath, reaches for a ruble under her pillow to pay the priest who says her last rites. Here Turgenev appears to be commenting on the isolation of human personality in the face of nature.

Singers
The narrator comes across a “terrible village” and goes to a tavern set at the end of a ravine. In the tavern he finds that some locals are having a singing contest. The one, Yakov, has the gift of technical prowess. The other, Yasha, has natural talent. Yakov goes first and the group believes he's won due to the skill he displays but when Yasha sings, he sings beautifully with the “collective voice of the Russian identity,” leading everyone to cry with no discussion of his skill afterward. Yakov stammers that he won and they are about to drink, but the narrator is disturbed by this since he found the scene so beautiful amongst the horrible surroundings, and he goes outside to sleep while they drink. He leaves while hearing peasant boys calling to each other in the night.

Pyotr Petrovich Karataev
While at a post, the narrator meets a lower, uneducated landowner named Karataev who has lost his land because of an IOU. He learns from him that he once fell in love with a peasant girl named Matroyna, owned by another landowner. He attempts to buy her from the woman, but she forbids it because she simply does not want to and sends her away to another village. Karataev, in desperation, finds her and brings her home where he hides her for a time, eluding authorities by placing her away from his home. In the end she gives herself up and Karataev goes off to Moscow, where the narrator finds him later happy amongst friends but completely broke.

Meeting
While out hunting, the narrator happens to witness the meeting of a peasant girl who is in love with a pampered, pompous valet. When he comes he treats her disdainfully and leaves her to say he is going away after announcing he cannot marry her. The girl sheds tears and the narrator goes to her when she almost collapses, but she runs away when she notices him.

Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky District
In this story the narrator spends the evening at a party of a landowner named Alexander G. Here Turgenev gives excellent descriptions and parodies of the nobility. While attempting to go to sleep, the narrator finds his roommate unable to sleep as well and finds out that he is a man who has realized his uniqueness amongst the upper class, even though he is considered a wit. He is forever cursed to deep introspection and finds in himself nothing save a molded being with no true life. He leaves early in the morning without saying goodbye and the narrator never learns his name.

Chertopkhanov and Nedopyuskin
While hunting with Yermolay, the narrator comes across the landowner Chertopkhanov. He goes away on his horse and another man comes up, his friend Nedopyuskin. Chertopkhanov is the inheritor of a mortgaged little village called Unsleepy Hollow. His friend, Nedopyuskin, became close to him when the former saved him from a crowd of nobles who were tormenting him for being the inheritor of an estate despite the fact that he was so completely devoid of any bit of notoriety for anything. The two bachelors became the best of friends and live together at Unsleepy Hollow in peaceful tranquility in spite of the disrepair of the area. They embody the “loner” figure Turgenev was so interested in, able to live independently in the system.

The End of Chertopkhanov
Sequel to the previous story, though published much later in 1872. It was originally not part of the sketches. This story is more sequential than the previous, detailing the end of the landowner up to his death. He faces three misfortunes. The first is his love Masha leaving him in true “gypsy” spirit. The second is Nedopyuskin dying of a stroke. The third and final is the loss of his horse Malek Adel, the envy of local landowners who know of Chertopkhanov. One night it is stolen and he does everything in his power to find it, eventually coming across the horse at a fair. He buys it back and brings it home, but something bothers him about it. He begins to realize that the horse is not truly Malek Adel but one that looks like it and in despair he eventually shoots the animal in the head and stays in his bed afterwards. He no longer looks like himself, but when his servant comes up to him the last bit of his being comes forth and he declares that the nobleman Chertopkhanov is dying and no one can stand in his way.

Living Relic
This story was originally not part of the sketches either and appeared in another collection of stories first in 1874. Here, the narrator comes back to his home estate to find a beautiful servant named Lukeria in a horrible state. After falling from a porch she succumbs to an unknown digestive disorder (not explicitly stated, but implied) that reduces her to an unmoving, skeletal figure. She spends her time in the shed in the summer and near the house in the winter, moved about by the house servants who remain. The narrator is shaken by her disturbing ability to accept her fate, regardless of how terrible it may be. She is completely unable to move and finds her days accented only by the occasional sounds of new birds in the shed, smells, or a rabbit that may occasionally come in to visit her. She eventually dies in peace, completely aware that the day was coming because she saw it in her dreams. This story is slightly different from the others because of the inclusion of the “unreal” found in Lukeria's dream states. The narrator is heartbroken by her condition, but is surprised to find her happy with life in spite of her state. Suggestions have been made that she is so happy because in her inability to move she is also unable to sin.

The Clatter of Wheels
Also added later to the sketches, but published after the original group in 1874. In this story Yermolay and the narrator find they are almost out of shot, so they decide to go to Tula to get more and fetch a peasant named Filofey. He takes the narrator there, Yermolay stays behind, but on the way hears a carriage clattering far in the distance that he is sure is a group of bandits who will surely murder them when they catch up. The carriage slowly overcomes them in spite of what they try and eventually comes in front of them. Several men are on it singing and laughing, completely drunk. Filofey tries to steer around but every time he does the head carriage moves into their way. When they come to a bridge the carriage stops and the largest of the men approaches. The narrator is sure they are to be killed but is surprised when he finds the drunk man only asking for a bit of money for drinks, stating they have just come from a wedding and want a bit more to celebrate. The narrator and Filofey are relieved and joke with each other about the event, but learn later on that on that very night a merchant was killed on the road and had his carriage stolen. Though uncertain and still joking, they wonder if the carriage that passed them was not in fact from a wedding at all.

Forest and Steppe
The traditional ending to the sketches, found in every edition. Here, Turgenev gives the readers detailed and beautiful descriptions of the hunter's life, ending the collection.

The Russian German
An incomplete, short fragment first published in 1964 and never part of the original sketches. Here, the narrator comes across a German landowner in Russia. It is likely he kept this sketch out and never finished it because it did not present a picture of the typical, “Russian” landowner. Here though, he seems to be hinting that the “game” of the sketches is in fact the evils of serfdom and the failures of landowners.

The Reformer and the Russian German
Another incomplete, though slightly longer, fragment. This may have been a later version of the previous fragment or another fragment itself. It's completely different, with different characters, and again provides the readers with examples of the failures and cruelties of serfdom.

Legacy
This series of short stories revealed Turgenev's unique talent as a short story writer. Evidently it greatly influenced all Russian short story writers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, such as Anton Chekhov, Ivan Bunin, Alexander Kuprin and many others.

Other world writers also admired Turgenev's style. Sherwood Anderson was particularly influenced by Turgenev's literature. He considered A Sportsman's Sketches to be a paradigm for his own short stories.

More recently, Turgenev has been criticized for his somewhat idealized characterization of muzhiks. Turgenev's muzhiks have been compared to other noble savages in 19th-century fiction (such as American Indians in works by J. F. Cooper).

title: A Sportsman's Sketches


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File:Scribe an octagon2jpg.jpg

sketch by Jac. 120405

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User talk:Payo1

Google Consultant?
Why did you add an internal link to Google Consultant on the Google Community article when there is no such article even named Google Consultant? Thanks. --Randy 17:45, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

google consultant
Hi Randy, there is a google consultant page - I just checked. It was created on the 7th of November. Let me know if you still can't see it. --Payo1 00:07, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Google Consultant
Hi Randy, I noticed that your page on Google communuty was redirecting to a blank page Google Community (with a capital 'C') - I've ctrl-c'd and ctrl-v'd your original and some internal links to the new page - let me know if that's ok. --Payo1 00:19, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Payo1


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User talk:Mr Vandal

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Michael Warren | Talk 17:46, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Greetings. Please stop vandalizing Wikipedia articles or you may be blocked or banned. Thank you. R ADICAL B ENDER ★  17:58, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

20 vandalisms... could an admin please block this child? func (talk) 17:59, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mr Vandal


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Moses Cleaveland

Moses Cleaveland (January 29, 1754 – November 16, 1806) was an American lawyer, politician, soldier, and surveyor from Connecticut who founded the city of Cleveland, Ohio, while surveying the Connecticut Western Reserve in 1796. During the American Revolution, Cleaveland was the brigadier general of the Connecticut militia.

Early life
Cleaveland was born in Canterbury, Connecticut Colony, to Colonel Aaron Cleaveland (1725–1785) and Thankful Cleaveland (1733–1822). He studied law at Yale College, where he was a member of Brothers in Unity, graduating in 1777. He was commissioned as an ensign in the 2nd Connecticut Regiment of the Continental Army in 1777 during the American Revolution. In 1779, he was promoted to captain of a company of "sappers and miners" (combat engineers) in the newly formed Corps of Engineers. He resigned from the army on June 7, 1781, and started a legal practice in Canterbury.

Militia career
Cleaveland was a member of the Connecticut convention that ratified the United States Constitution. He was elected to the Connecticut General Assembly several times and was commissioned brigadier general of militia in 1796. He was a shareholder in the Connecticut Land Company which had purchased land from Connecticut located in northeastern Ohio for $1,200,000. The land was reserved to Connecticut by Congress and was initially known as New Connecticut, but it came to be known as the Western Reserve.

Cleaveland was approached by the directors of the company in May 1796 and asked to lead the survey of the tract and the location of purchases. He was also responsible for the negotiations with the Native Americans living on the land. In June 1796, he set out from Schenectady, New York. His party was composed of 50 people, including six surveyors, a physician, a chaplain, a boatman, 37 employees, a few emigrants, and two women who accompanied their husbands. Some journeyed by land with the horses and cattle, while the main body went in boats up the Mohawk River, down the Oswego River, along the shore of Lake Ontario, and up the Niagara River, carrying their boats over the seven-mile portage at Niagara Falls.

Personal life
Cleaveland married Esther Champion on March 2, 1797, with whom he had four children.

Founding of Cleveland
At Buffalo, a delegation from the nearby Mohawk and Seneca tribes opposed the party's entrance into the Western Reserve, claiming it as their territory, but they waived their rights on the receipt of goods valued at $1,200. The expedition then coasted along the shore of Lake Erie and landed at the mouth of Conneaut Creek on July 4, 1796, which they named Port Independence. Nearby Native Americans were upset at the encroachment on their land, but they were appeased with gifts of beads and whiskey and allowed the surveys to proceed.

General Cleaveland coasted along the shore with a surveying party and landed at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River on July 22, 1796. He ascended the bank and determined that the spot was a favorable site for a city, with the river on the west and Lake Erie on the north. He had it surveyed into town lots, and the employees named the place Cleaveland in his honor. There were four settlers the first year, and growth was slow initially, reaching only 150 inhabitants in 1820. Cleaveland went home to Connecticut after the 1796 expedition and never returned to Ohio or the city that bears his name. He died in Canterbury, Connecticut, where he is also buried, but a statue of him stands in the Cleveland Public Square.

The settlement of "Cleaveland" eventually became known as "Cleveland". One theory is that Cleaveland's surveying party misspelled the name on their original map. More than likely though, the story goes back to the Cleveland Advertiser, a local paper in the early 1800s. They could not fit the words “Cleaveland Advertiser” on their masthead, so they dropped the extra “a” to make room, and the spelling stuck.

Moses Cleaveland Trees
Moses Cleaveland is not only remembered through the city's name but through living monuments in the form of trees throughout the Greater Cleveland area. As part of the 150-year anniversary of Moses Cleaveland's party coming to the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, Arthur B. Williams of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History proposed that trees should be identified and labeled if they were alive when Moses Cleaveland came to the region where the city would be. In 1946, 242 trees from 23 different tree species were nominated to become an official Moses Cleaveland Tree.

Each tree's age was verified, and the list of Moses Cleaveland Trees was reduced to 150 trees that were accessible to the public. Each tree was fashioned with a commemorative metal plaque that identified it as one of the Moses Cleaveland Trees. Since this project began in 1946, more trees have been designated as Moses Cleaveland Trees in part due to some of the first designated trees having died. There are around 270 Moses Cleaveland Trees as of 2024.

Resources

 * "Moses Cleaveland". Ohio History Central.
 * "Cleaveland, Moses" at the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

title: Moses Cleaveland


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Yeading F.C.

Yeading F.C. were an English football club from Yeading in the London Borough of Hillingdon, west London. In 2007 they merged with Hayes to form Hayes & Yeading United.

Club history
Their roots trace to a youth club formed in Yeading in 1960. They have been known as Yeading Football Club after 1965. However, they remained in the junior and intermediate ranks until the 1980s when they were at last granted senior status, joining the old London Spartan League in 1984 and the Isthmian League in 1987. In 1990 they won their first national title, the FA Vase, as well as their regional division of the league. The following year they were promoted to the league's Premier Division for the first time but were relegated in 1998.

After the Isthmian League Division One was divided in 2002 they were placed in Division One North. They won the championship of that league in the 2003–04 season, returning to the Premier Division. A strong start to the season was crowned on 5 December 2004 with their being drawn at home to Premiership side Newcastle United in the third round of the FA Cup, after beating Slough Town 3–1. Yeading's average league game attendance of 137 contrasted with Newcastle's nearly 52,000. After some confusion as to whether the game could be played in front of 2,300 at Yeading's ground, The Warren, it was decided to play it on 9 January 2005 at Loftus Road, and the crowd numbered 10,824. A scoreless first half held out hope of an upset but two second-half Newcastle United goals decided the game. Yeading went on to win the Isthmian League championship that season, earning promotion to Conference South.

On 28 October 2006, Yeading were drawn against Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup first round. The game was one of the biggest in their history, going up against former back to back European Champions. Yeading were hoping to upset the East Midlands team, but the task proved too much for The Ding, as they were emphatically beaten 5–0.

On 18 May 2007, Yeading announced that they would be forming a merger with fellow Conference South side Hayes. The new club retained its place in the Conference South, and is now known as Hayes & Yeading United.

Stadium
The club played at The Warren. The ground is located just off Springfield Road in Hayes, Middlesex. When Yeading merged with Hayes, the Warren fell into disuse as Hayes' Church Road became the new club's ground. It was still used for youth and reserve team purposes until Church Road was sold to fund the building of a new stadium on the same site as The Warren. Following the stadium's demolition, The SkyEx Community Stadium was built and opened in 2016. One terrace from The Warren still stands, outside the new stadium behind one of the goals.

Records

 * FA Cup best performance: third round proper – 2004–05
 * FA Trophy best performance: third round proper – 2006–07
 * FA Vase best performance: winners – 1989–90

title: Yeading F.C.


text: User talk:210.49.184.198

title: User talk:210.49.184.198


text: User:Mr Vandal

title: User:Mr Vandal


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Talk:Franz Mesmer

A brief article on Mesmer
I came across this most helpful, though brief article on Mesmer as part of my research for a performance I do called "A Conversation with Ben" in which I portray Benjamin Franklin. By all accounts Ben was very interested in Mesmer's beliefs but in the end had to concur wit his fellow scientists. Being in his late 70's early 80's I'm sure Ben would have loved to find something to his claims. This article ws helpfu to me. Thanks.

1. Mesmer dissertation: Evidence assembled by Frank A. Pattie suggests that Mesmer plagiarized his dissertation from a work by Richard Mead (1673-1754), an eminent English physician and Newton's friend. Pattie's accusation of plagiarism is definitely overshooting. Firstly, Mesmer referres to Mead and quotes his name in his dissertation. Secondly, projecting modern copyright regulations or citation customs back into the 18th century makes no sense.

2. Mesmer's departing Vienna for Paris: The scandal which followed Mesmer's unsuccessful attempt to treat the blindness of an 18-year-old musician, Maria Theresia Paradis, led him to leave Vienna in 1777. ... Paris soon divided into those who thought he was a charlatan who had been forced to flee from Vienna ... Mesmer left Vienna on Jan. 20th, 1778 (not in 1777!), there has been no 'scandal', nor has Mesmer been 'forced to flee'. He left Vienna as he was searching for a more world-open, progressive society where he hoped to have better chances to bring his ideas to a breakthrough. It should be noted that he left Vienna equipped with a letter of recommendation written by the Austrian Lord Chancellor, Kaunitz, directed to the Austrian Ambassador in France.

85.125.230.190 02:48, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Glass harmonica by Benjamin Franklin used by Mesmer
Benjamin Franklin invented the glass harmonica. Mesmer used Franklin's invention to mesmerize his patients. I suggest this idea be expanded and added to the article. --LegitimateAndEvenCompelling 03:41, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Irrelevant text removed
I removed the following section of the article - it is not about Mesmer. It was added on 29 June 2007 by an anonymous user: == scientific study of hypnotism, ==
 * Abbé Faria, or Abbé (Abbot) José Custódio de Faria, (May 30, 1746 - September 20, 1819), was a colourful Indo-Portuguese monk who was one of the pioneers of the scientific study of hypnotism, following on from the work of Franz Anton Mesmer. Unlike Mesmer, who claimed that hypnosis was mediated by "animal magnetism", Faria understood that it worked purely by the power of suggestion. In the early 19th century, Abbé Faria introduced oriental hypnosis to Paris.
 * He was the first to affect a breach in the theory of the "magnetic fluid," to place in relief the importance of suggestion, and to demonstrate the existence of "autosuggestion";

--Daggerstab 10:03, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

Mesmer's Symbols
About Mesmer's involvement with Alchemy. This is the real reason beind the fact that he used the strange signs mentioned in the Trivia section. If he didn't want to be understood, he hadn't never divulged the key to the symbols in the same book. In Mesmer's time Alchemy was fundamental and even Newton wrote more about Alchemy as about physics.

The external links to the Bakken Museum are dead.

Mesmer and Newton
About other aspects of the relationship between the ideas of Mesmer and Newton mentioned in the text, Mesmer, with "Théorie du Monde" tried to offer a complete system explaining the relationships between the different forces of the Nature: gravity, magnetism, and the effect on human body. It is therefore not very exact to says he plagiarized ideas of Newtonian origin. He had his own ideas. This is clearly stated by his contemporaries: the cosmological system of Mesmer was compared and preferred by his partisans to the cosmological system of Newton: read for exemple "Nouvelle Dècouverte sur le magnétisme animal" - lettre d'un partisan zelant de la verité" (1780) - scanned copy in pdf disponible here The writer, with all evidence a very strict friend of Mesmer, says "we are not Newtonian, we are Mesmerian").

Alan Rickman - Mesmer
In the 1994 movie "Mesmer", Alan Rickman's Mesmer cure the blind girl and had a short romantic relationship with her. The girl lost her sight again, but did the real Mesmer actually heal the girl? And is their any evidence towards their relationship? Harrypotterfanfreak (talk) 21:04, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

Don't confuse fact and fantasy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.97.161.153 (talk) 19:14, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

Yes the girl's sight did improve over some period. The girl's family decided then to become suspicious of mesmer and removed her from his influence. It is believed that the blindness returned. See "Neptune" by Liz Greene which also quotes further sources.

Mesmer family
I looked up information about Mesmer's family because someone questioned the article's accuracy:. I couldn't find anything wrong with it, except that Mesmer's mother seems to have had an alternate name of Maria (besides Ursula). Maybe that was the problem. Anyway, now it's referenced. Further, I inserted, and then removed, a passage that says that Messmer left his wife behind in Vienna when he went to Paris in 1778; this is essentially right and all the Neue Deutsche Biographie says about it, but Mesmer's entry in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Mesmer,_Franz_Anton) claims that Mesmer separated from his wife shortly after marriage because of domestic troubles, so linking his departure (10 years after the marriage) with the separation from his wife may give a wrong impression. Gesellschaftsspiel (talk) 16:00, 14 February 2011 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://books.google.it/books?id=yYJNCUyq6FwC and http://books.google.it/books?id=Ke1jd_e7AyYC, among others. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 21:05, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

Question about other studies that Mesmer did
In some of my researches I've come across mentions of Mesmer studying sleepwalkers and curing "night hysteria" with a type of light treatment. Does anyone else have any information on this matter? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.59.185.175 (talk) 22:13, 9 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Look in German language S. 198 (page 198 - 212) Anhang über den Somnambulismus in Karl Christian Wolfart (Hrsg.): Mesmerismus. Oder System der Wechselwirkungen, Theorie und Anwendung des thierischen Magnetismus als die allgemeine Heilkunde zur Erhaltung des Menschen. Mit dem Bildniß des Verfassers und 6 Kupfertafeln. Nikolai, Berlin 1814 Digitalisat   --Roland.h.bueb (talk) 16:50, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

Note
The outlink in footnote 13 is not dead, but I find no mention of Mesmer on the linked page, which may have been changed. rags (talk) 11:11, 17 June 2017 (UTC)

Theory
The use of the term "theory" seems to me to be the popular and unscientific use of the word. Perhaps "Hypothesis" would be more accurate. Perhaps there are other words that could be used to describe the insane ramblings of such a person as Mesmer. I leave it to the usual editors of Wikipedia to clean this silly junk up and make it less laughable. Theory??? It is not theory.

22:41, 19 May 2018 (UTC)22:41, 19 May 2018 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.204.160.140 (talk)

Rosicrucianism
He is included in the Rosicrucians category, but that doesn't appear anywhere the article. Are there good sources on his involvement, and which of the many Rosicrucian Orders he may have belonged to? AnandaBliss (talk) 17:35, 14 July 2022 (UTC)

The Magnetist's Fifth Winter
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0155845

This Danish film seems to be about Mesmer's life as well? 2601:5C8:8100:7390:3479:5EE2:8AF9:123A (talk) 22:49, 18 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Franz Mesmer


text: File:HMS Vidette (D48).jpg

title: File:HMS Vidette (D48).jpg


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Fathers and Sons (novel)

Fathers and Sons («Отцы и дети»; Otcy i deti, ; pre-1918 spelling Отцы и дѣти), literally Fathers and Children, is an 1862 novel by Ivan Turgenev, published in Moscow by Grachev & Co. It is one of the most acclaimed Russian novels of the 19th century.

Plot
University graduate Arkady Kirsanov returns to his father's modest estate, called Marino. Arkady brings his friend, Eugene Bazarov. His father, Nikolay, gladly receives the two young men at his estate, but Nikolay's brother, Pavel, soon becomes upset by the strange new philosophy called "nihilism" that the young men advocate.

Nikolay, initially delighted to have his son return home, slowly begins to feel uneasy. A certain awkwardness develops in his regard toward his son, as Arkady's radical views, much influenced by Bazarov, make Nikolay's own beliefs feel dated. Nikolay has always tried to stay as current as possible, by doing things such as visiting his son at school so the two can stay as close as they can, but this in Nikolay's eyes has failed. To complicate this, the father has taken a servant, Fenechka, into his house to live with him and has already had a son by her, named Mitya. Arkady, however, is not troubled by the relationship; on the contrary, he is delighted by the addition of a younger brother.

The two young men stay at Marino for some weeks, then decide to visit a relative of Arkady's. There, they observe the local gentry and meet Madame Anna Sergevna Odintsova, an elegant woman of independent means, who cuts a seductively different figure from conventional types of the local provincial society. Both are greatly attracted to her, and she, intrigued by Bazarov's singular manner, invites them to spend a few days at her estate, Nikolskoye.

At Nikolskoye, they also meet Katya, Madame Odintsova's sister. Although they stay for just a short time, Arkady steadily becomes more independent of Bazarov's influence. Bazarov finds falling in love distressing because it runs counter to his nihilist beliefs. Eventually, prompted by Madame Odintsova's own cautious expressions of attraction to him, he announces that he loves her. She does not respond positively to his declaration; she finds his devaluation of feelings and of the aesthetic side of existence unattractive. She does not see the possibility of a good future with him. After his avowal of love, and her failure to make a similar declaration, Bazarov proceeds to his parents' home, and Arkady goes with him.

At Bazarov's home, they are received enthusiastically by his parents, who adore him. Bazarov's social cynicism is still on display as he settles back into his own family's home again. Arkady, who has delighted Bazarov's father by assuring him that his son has a brilliant future in store, reproves his friend for his brusqueness. Later, Bazarov and Arkady nearly come to blows after Bazarov speaks insultingly of Arkady's uncle and chides Arkady for expressing himself too romantically. Arkady becomes more openly skeptical of Bazarov's ideals. After a brief stay, much to the parents' disappointment, they decide to return to Marino, stopping on the way to see Madame Odintsova, who receives them coolly. Embarrassed, they leave almost immediately and return to Arkady's home.

Arkady remains for only a few days and makes an excuse to leave in order to go to Nikolskoye again. Once there, he realizes he is not in love with Odintsova, but instead with her sister Katya. Bazarov stays at Marino to do some scientific research, and tension between him and Pavel increases. Bazarov enjoys talking with Fenechka and playing with her child, and one day he kisses her, against her will. Pavel observes this kiss and challenges Bazarov to a duel. Pavel is wounded in the leg, and Bazarov must leave Marino, going to his parents' home. Meanwhile, Arkady and Katya have fallen in love and have become engaged.

While back at home, Bazarov begins to help his father as a country doctor. He cannot keep his mind on his work, though, and while performing an autopsy, he cuts himself and becomes infected. On his deathbed, he sends for Madame Odintsova, who arrives just in time to hear Bazarov tell her how beautiful she is. She kisses him on the forehead and leaves; Bazarov dies the following day.

Arkady marries Katya and assumes the management of his father's estate. His father marries Fenechka and is delighted to have Arkady home with him.

Major characters
In order of appearance

Chapter 1

 * Nikoláy Petróvich Kirsánov – A gentleman in his early forties, a widower, "quite grey now, stoutish and a trifle bent," a liberal democrat, father of Arkády, brother of Pavel; should have followed his father's career in the army but broke his leg on the day he was commissioned and had to go into the civil service; owns Maryino, "a respectable little property of his consisting of a couple of hundred serfs—or five thousand acres." He is thrilled to have his son back from college.

Chapter 2
 * Arkády Nikoláyevich Kirsánov – Son of Nikoláy Petróvich; having recently graduated from St. Petersburg University, he brings his friend of Bazarov home to Maryino. He has become a nihilist more from Bazarov's influence than from conviction. He becomes enamored of Anna Sergeyevna Odinisov, but cannot compete for her affections with his fascinating friend Bazarov. Later he falls in love with Anna Sergeyevna's quiet, modest young sister Katya and marries her.
 * Yevgény Vasílevich Bazárov – A medical student and nihilist, in which role he serves as a mentor to Arkady, and as a challenger to the liberal ideas of the Kirsanov brothers and the traditional Russian Orthodox feelings of his own parents. "A long thin face with a broad forehead...large greenish eyes and drooping, sandy whiskers — the whole animated by a tranquil smile betokening self-assurance and intelligence." He eventually dies of pyaemia carelessly contracted during a medical examination, accepting his fate with calm resignation.

Chapter 4

 * Prokofyich – a servant of the Kirsánovs's; "A man of about sixty ... white-haired, lean and dark-complexioned."
 * Pável Petróvich Kirsánov – Nikoláy Petróvich’s brother; "...of medium height ... looked about forty-five ... close-cropped grey hair ... his face the colour of old ivory but without a wrinkle ... unusually regular and clean-cut features ... perfumed mustaches." A bourgeois with aristocratic pretensions ("an exquisite pink hand having long tapering pink nails"), he prides himself on his refinement but, like his brother, is reform-minded. Although he recognizes Bazarov as the son of a local doctor, he detests him "with every fiber of his being," thinking him "an arrogant, impudent fellow, a cynic and a vulgarian."

 * "Fénechka" (Feodósya Nikoláyevna) – "...a young woman of about three and twenty with a soft white skin, dark hair and eyes, red childishly-pouting lips and small delicate hands." Daughter of the late housekeeper at Maryino with whom Nikoláy Petróvich has fallen in love and fathered a son, named Mitya; Arkady welcomes having a little half-brother. The implied obstacles to marriage are difference in class, and perhaps Nikoláy Petróvich's previous marriage — the burden of 'traditionalist' values.

Chapter 12
 * Matvei Ilyich Kolyazin – A cousin of the Kirsanov brothers who serves as the inspector of the provincial governor in a nearby town. He is pompous and self-important but "he was always being made a fool of, and any moderately experienced official could twist him round his finger."
 * Víktor Sítnikov – A pompous and foolhardy friend of Bazarov who joins populist ideals and groups. Like Arkady, he is heavily influenced by Bazarov in his ideals. "I appreciate the comforts of life...but that doesn't prevent me from being a liberal."

Chapter 13
 * Avdótya (Yevdoksíya) Nikitíshna Kúkshina – An emancipated woman who lives in the town where Matvei Ilyich is posted. Kukshina is independent but rather eccentric and incapable as a proto-feminist, despite her potential.

Chapter 14
 * Ánna Sergéyevna Odíntsova – A wealthy widow, 29 years old, who entertains the nihilist friends at her estate; "...rather a strange person. Having no prejudices of any kind, and no strong convictions even, she was not put off by obstacles and she had no goal in life...Arkady decided he had never yet met such a fascinating woman. The sound of her voice haunted his ears...her every movement was wonderfully flowing and natural." However, the young Arkady does not fascinate her the way the worldly Bazarov does. They experience a rift, but she hurries to his bedside upon hearing that he's dying.

Chapter 16

 * Yekaterína (Kátya) Sergéyevna Lókteva – The younger sister of Anna: "...a girl of eighteen with black hair, an olive complexion, a rather round but pleasing face and small dark eyes." She lives comfortably with her sister but lacks confidence, finding it hard to escape Anna Sergeevna's shadow. This shyness makes her and Arkady’s love slow to realize itself.
 * The Princess – Ánna Sergéyevna's aunt, "...a small shriveled woman with a clenched fist of a face and glaring spiteful eyes under a grey wig..." Rude and overbearing but essentially ignored by the household.

Chapter 20
 * Vasíly Ivánovich Bazárov – Bazarov’s father. A retired army surgeon, and a small countryside land/serf holder. Educated and enlightened, he nonetheless feels, like many of the characters, that rural isolation has left him out of touch with modern ideas. He thus retains loyalty to traditionalist ways, manifested particularly in devotion to God and to his son Yevgeny. "'A comical old chap with a heart of gold'," in his son's words.
 * Arína Vlásevna Bazárova – Bazarov’s mother. A very traditional woman of the 15th-century Moscovy style aristocracy and a pious follower of Orthodox Christianity, woven with folk tales and falsehoods. She loves her son deeply but is also terrified of him and his rejection of all beliefs.

Historical context and notes
""So ... you were convinced of all this and decided not to do anything serious yourselves." "And decided not to do anything serious," Bazarov repeated grimly. ... "But to confine yourselves to abuse?" "To confine ourselves to abuse." "And that is called nihilism?" "And that is called nihilism," Bazarov repeated again, this time with marked insolence."

- Chapter 10

The fathers and children of the novel refers to the growing divide between the two generations of Russians, and the character Yevgeny Bazarov, a nihilist who rejects the old order.

Turgenev wrote Fathers and Sons as a response to the growing cultural schism that he saw between liberals of the 1830s/1840s and the growing nihilist movement. Both the nihilists (the "sons") and the 1830s liberals (the "fathers") sought Western-based social change in Russia. Additionally, these two modes of thought were contrasted with the Slavophiles, who believed that Russia's path lay in its traditional spirituality.

Turgenev's novel was responsible for popularizing the use of the term nihilism, which became widely used after the novel was published.

Fathers and Sons might be regarded as the first wholly modern novel in Russian literature (Gogol's Dead Souls, another main contender, was referred to by the author as a poem or epic in prose as in the style of Dante's Divine Comedy, and was at any rate never completed). The novel introduces a dual character study, as seen with the gradual breakdown of Bazarov's and Arkady's nihilistic opposition to emotional display, especially in the case of Bazarov's love for Madame Odintsova.

The novel is also the first Russian work to gain prominence in the Western world, eventually gaining the approval of well established novelists Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant, and Henry James.

The Bolshevik revolutionary Vladimir Bazarov adopted his pseudonym from the character of Yevgeny Bazarov in this novel.

Adaptations
Canadian playwright George F. Walker's 1988 play Nothing Sacred is a stage adaptation of Fathers and Sons. Irish playwright Brian Friel has also adapted the novel, under the same title.

English translations

 * 1) Eugene Schuyler (1867)
 * 2) Constance Garnett (1895, as Fathers and Children)
 * 3) Revised by Ralph E. Matlaw (1966, retitled Fathers and Sons)
 * 4) Revised by Elizabeth Cheresh Allen (1994, retitled Fathers and Sons)
 * 5) Isabel F. Hapgood (1903, as Fathers and Children)
 * 6) C. J. Hogarth (1921)
 * 7) Richard Hare (1947, as Fathers and Children)
 * 8) Harry Stevens (1950)
 * 9) Bernard Guilbert Guerney (1961)
 * 10) George Reavey (1961)
 * 11) Bernard Isaacs (1962)
 * 12) Avril Pyman (1962, as Fathers and Children)
 * 13) Rosemary Edmonds (1965)
 * 14) Barbara Makanowitzky
 * 15) Richard Freeborn (1991)
 * 16) Michael R. Katz (1994, originally published as Fathers and Sons; retitled Fathers and Children in 2008)
 * 17) Peter Carson (2009)
 * 18) Michael Pursglove (2010, as Fathers and Children)
 * 19) Nicolas Pasternak Slater and Maya Slater (2022, as Fathers and Children)

title: Fathers and Sons (novel)


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Talk:Gitanos (version 2)

Gitanos don-t live only in Andalusia, but in another regions too.

Around 40% of Gitanos live in Andalusia but also in the rest of Spain, Southern France (Perpignan area bordering with Spain) and in Morrocco. Contrary to what is written below, Gitanos did not invent Flamenco (an Andalusian art) but contributed greatly to it. Roma are not creators of any of the musical styles listed below. They have influenced some of them... "Roma in Spain" and "Gitanos" perhaps should be merged but they are not the same thing. There are Roma immigrants in Spain who are not Spanish (coming from the Balkans) and are not Gitanos. Gitanos are ethnic Roma but are also ethnic Spanish (wherever they live).--Burgas00 13:13, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

True
It´s true Roma People live in many countries especially Eastern Europes: Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Russia. It is also important to mention they also are related to people of the americas like the Weastern Cowboys, Mexican Charros, Venezuelan Llaneros, Peruvian Morochucos or Piuran Piajeno Men, Gauchos of Argentin and Huasos of Chile.

They are not only creaters of the flamenco and cante jondo whom root in the Hungarian Zards pre Boleros and Tangos but also are the creaters of Country,Jazz and traditional Blues Cowboy Music, Ranchers and Mariachi of Mexico, Peruvian Tondero-Zamacueca-Marinera and Valse rythms and even caribean or Cuban mambos, rumbas, guarachas, guajiras and traditional salsa (rythms that where already gypsy hearted before the africans joined them).

Reason why Roma People are not Purely Indian but Hindosthani-Iranian:

Roma People are of indoaryan-indoirani or indopersian-afghan roots as invaders and settelers of old Punjab, Pothohari-Kashmir and Rajasthan desert regions.

They split into 2 groups: ones that where captured by arabs and went west (the ones who reached Europe and Africa), and ones that left to the Thar Desert of Rajasthan never to return to Mewar-Kashmir and Punjab regions until Rama Soldier dinasty would rename its power.

They dont even belong to North Indian casts since they have persian roots and looks, although some have mixed with Dravidian and mongolian peoples most of them look like old Hidosthans: Afghans- Pakistanies from the north and North Indian bollywood actors.

Many of them have tan reddish like skin and even green eyes. Men tend to grow their hair and moustashes long, some were priests but most of them were Soldiers and rebelles agains mongols and arabs.

Since they outcasted themselves from North Indian peoples they still live as nomads, magicians, musicians, acrobats, great horse riders and poets in the Rajasthan regions of India and along the mountians of Pakistan; as blacksmiths.

Famous people of romany descent are: Elvis, Chaplin, Yul Brynner, Cantinflas (Mexican actor Mariano Moreno) and many others who lost their traveling roots but still have the arts of gypsy people..

No..there is 2 groups who came from India...neither was captured by Arabs..Arabs=gitanos are the same they are Semites~Hebrews from Northern Africa, The other was Indo Europeans..them Italian looking Europeans. I have no idea why it's the norm to use that generic image for gitanos & Arabs. Today that type of people is being killed by Arab people that is why Western people was confused with Saddam killing certain groups who are born in his country but are not Arab. there is a caste system they seem to follow..even if one is Indo-European if the "white" blood is say from England he will be lower class than another Indo European with a German background. these 2 groups seem to hate each other hence the issues in Israel which is under control by non Hebrews many being descendents from when Rome invaded and European converts. --Mari

Merge
I am happy with merging Roma in Spain into this article. Asterion 19:40, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Because there are Roma in Spain other than Gitanos, Gitanos should be merged into Roma in Spain. -- TheMightyQuill 11:56, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Not all Gitanos consider themselves Roma. Many of them are not Roma but descendant of Ethnic Andalusians who refused to give up their religion (Islam) and be deported after 1492. There are many books and documentaries in the issue (i.e. Pilar Tavora's). The very name Flamenco, so linked to Gitanos, comes from Arabic Fellah Mengu, peasant without land, according to Blas Infante. Therefore merging Gitanos into Roma in Spain would be POV pushing. It is true that there are many Roma newcomers from Romania and Slovakia in Spain now but the reality is they are not seen as the same people by Gitanos. Regards, Asterion talk to me 16:44, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Asterion, I think you know that this story about fellah mengu is very romantic but not based on fact (I personally wish it were true). However, there is no proof to support this assertion by Blas Infante. And as far as I know (I have some knowledge of Arabic) Fellah/Fella7 does mean peasant in Arabic, but mengu (as far as I know) doesnt mean anything. This could be added to the article as a theory, but not as hard fact. Also we should not mistake Andalusian ethnicity with Islam. You should not fall for the ideology and historical revisionism which is linked to certain sectors of Andalusian nationalism. It is useful to combat the other extreme which is the perspective of the "Novísima Castilla" but we must remain within the limits of historical fact.

I think you are from Andalucia yourself. Where from? Perhaps you could help me improve the Andalusian people article, which I find rather limited and with some mistakes.

--Ismael76 10:40, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Gitanos (Roma) from Punjab in India?
Today, however, it is generally thought that their origin lies in the Punjab region of India.

No source is mentioned for this statement. I doubt the authenticity of this statement as I am myself from the Punjab region and in the local history we never heard of any immigration to Europe as nomads and Punjabi people have never been nomads as far as the recorded history goes. Their civilization depends on rivers and all their major cities are situated on the riverbanks from the times unknown. Seasonal and resource variations are not such which could have forced them to move from place to place.

Please cite the source if anybody knows.

title: Talk:Gitanos (version 2)