text:
Talk:Government Hill

Untitled
Please move it back to Government Hill. It is, until now, the only Government Hill on Wikipedia English. Don't make things complicated and easily confused. Thank you. -- 21:02, December 7, 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Government Hill


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Crocosmia

Crocosmia, also known as montbretia , is a small genus of flowering plants in the iris family, Iridaceae. It is native to the grasslands of southern and eastern Africa, ranging from South Africa to Sudan. One species is endemic to Madagascar.

Description
They can be evergreen or deciduous perennials that grow from basal underground corms. The alternate leaves are cauline and ensiform (sword shaped). The blades are parallel-veined. The margin is entire. The corms form in vertical chains with the youngest at the top and oldest and largest buried most deeply in the soil. The roots of the lowermost corm in a chain are contractile roots and drag the corm deeper into the ground where conditions allow. The chains of corms are fragile and easily separated, a quality that has enabled some species to become invasive and difficult to control in the garden.

They have colourful inflorescences of 4 to 20 vivid red and orange subopposite flowers on a divaricately (horizontally) branched stem. The terminal inflorescence can have the form of a cyme or a raceme. These flower from early summer well into fall. The flowers are sessile on a flexuose arched spike. The fertile flowers are hermaphroditic. All stamens have an equal length. The style branches are apically forked. They are pollinated by insects, birds (sunbirds) or by the wind. The dehiscent capsules are shorter than they are wide.

The genus name is derived from the Greek words krokos, meaning "saffron", and osme, meaning "odor" – from the dried leaves emitting a strong smell like that of saffron (a spice derived from Crocus – another genus belonging to the Iridaceae) – when immersed in hot water.

The alternative name montbretia is still widely used, especially for the garden hybrid C. × crocosmiiflora. "Montbretia" commonly used in the British Isles for orange-flowered C. × crocosmiiflora cultivars that have naturalised, while "crocosmia" is reserved for less aggressive red-flowered cultivars. Montebretia is a heterotypic synonym of the genus Tritonia in which some species of Crocosmia were once included. It was named by Alire Raffeneau Delile for Ernest Coquebert de Montbret, a fellow French botanist on Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.

Species
Species accepted by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families:
 * Crocosmia ambongensis (H.Perrier) Goldblatt & J. C. Manning – Madagascar
 * Crocosmia aurea (Pappe ex Hook.) Planch. (Falling Stars) – eastern + southern Africa from Cape Province to Sudan; naturalised in Azores
 * Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora (Lemoine) N.E.Br. - South Africa; naturalised in parts of Europe, Rwanda, Zaire, Assam, Norfolk Island in Australia, Fiji, the Caribbean, Argentina, Tristan da Cunha      (C. aurea × C. pottsii)
 * Crocosmia fucata (Lindl.) M.P.de Vos – Kamiesberg Mountains in Cape Province of South Africa
 * Crocosmia masoniorum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (Giant montbretia) – Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal
 * Crocosmia mathewsiana (L.Bolus) Goldblatt ex M.P.de Vos – Drakensberg Mountains in Mpumalanga
 * Crocosmia paniculata (Klatt) Goldblatt (Aunt Eliza) – Lesotho, Eswatini, South Africa
 * Crocosmia pearsei Oberm. – Lesotho, Free State, Drakensberg Mountains in Mpumalanga
 * Crocosmia pottsii (Baker) N.E.Br. (Pott's montbretia) – Cape Province, KwaZulu-Natal

Garden hybrids

 * Crocosmia × curtonus
 * Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora

Cultivation
Crocosmias are grown worldwide, and more than 400 cultivars have been produced. Some hybrids have become invasive, especially C. × crocosmiiflora hybrids, which are invasive in the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, North Carolina, and the  West Coast of the United States.

Crocosmia are winter-hardy in temperate regions. They can be propagated through division, removing offsets from the corm in spring.

The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
 * Crocosmia 'Hellfire'
 * Crocosmia x curtonus 'Lucifer'
 * Crocosmia masoniorum

 * Crocosmia 'Paul's Best Yellow'
 * Crocosmia 'Severn Sunrise'
 * Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Babylon'

 * Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Star of the East'

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Crocosmia


text: File:Louis IV Leaving Alexandria on the 24th of April 1507.png


text:
Talk:Halma

"The name Hoppity was also used in attempts to expand into less-educated demographics."

Not correct, see my history section at: http://home.no.net/vkp/index.html Regards from Vegard Krog Petersen

"The name Hoppity was also used in attempts to expand into less-educated demographics."

Wrong. Hoppity was an existing English game that was the inspiration for Halma. Paul J. Weighell

The boards I am used to (in Switzerland) also have a back side with a star form for two or three players. The resulting jump structure seems more interesting to me. Here is a description: http://qd.typepad.com/20/2005/12/halma.html Matthias Grob

title: Talk:Halma


text:
Pierre Marchand

Pierre Marchand (born 1958) is a Canadian songwriter, musician and record producer.

Marchand is known for his ongoing collaboration with Sarah McLachlan, having produced all of her albums since Solace in 1991. He also co-wrote several of McLachlan's singles, including "Building a Mystery", "Adia", "Into the Fire", and "Fumbling Towards Ecstasy".

Marchand has also worked with many other singer-songwriters, including Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Rufus Wainwright, Ron Sexsmith, Leigh Nash, Stevie Nicks, Daniel Lanois, The Devlins, Greg Keelor, Patty Larkin and Lhasa de Sela. He has been awarded the Juno Award for songwriting and producing, as well as a Felix Award for Producer of the Year.

In 2014, he translated several songs by Whitehorse into French for that band's EP Éphémère sans repère.

His recording studio Studio PM is located in Montreal.

title: Pierre Marchand


text:
Talk:Bridlington

Bridlington Photograph
I added a photograph of Bridlington that I took in 2000. Is this appropriate?

--Joshtek 21:03, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Added Various and twinning links
I've added the 'various' section which includes text on other parts of the town including the Flamborough Head and Bempton Cliffs.

Also included were links for the town's twins.--Dan Atkinson 10:18, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

Amy Johnson
Why no mention of the exhibition in this article at Sewerby Hall?--andreasegde (talk) 20:55, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Spa
I would have thought that more could be said on the Spa, its history and the refurbishment that is nearing completion. May be a separate article could be created if sufficient material is available. Keith D (talk) 21:05, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Timeline
Hello,

I removed the following material per WP:V and WP:UKCITIES:

1072 William the Conqueror confiscated the manor of Bridlington.

1086 The previous names of Bridlington are known to be Brellington, Britlington and Bretlington mentioned in the Doomsday Book. The name Burlington was used up until the 19th century.

1113 Walter de Gaunt founded the monastery and church of St Mary's.

1113 Gilbert de Gant granted the manor of Bridlington and with it the harbour to the Prior of Bridlington. De Gant was given Bridlington manor after the Battle of Hastings.

1388 The Bayle is built as the gatehouse to the Priory and still remains intact.

1450 Choir School founded by Henry VI.

1538 The king claimed possession of the monastery and dissolved it in 1538 along with the Priory and its buildings.

1637 The grammar school founded by W.F. Hustler.

1664 First Earl of Burlington created by Charles II.

1666 The town was raided by Dutch boats.

1667 A fort was built next to the sea where Leisure World now stands.

1697 The second Baptist church in Yorkshire was built.

1714 The Avenue was built for the Pickett family.

1752 The birth of Samuel Standidge, the famous whaler.

1760 The Avenue was bought by Thomas Pickett.

1767 The town receives its first fire engine.

1802 Bridlington’s first bank was built. It was called the Burlington Bank.

1805 The town's first hotel was built. It was called the George Hotel.

1806 The town’s first lifeboat was established.

1811 Town population reaches 3,741 with 869 houses accounted for.

1822 The birth of Humphrey Sandwith, chief of medical staff during the Crimean War.

1823 The town has its first policeman.

1833 Temperance Hall built.

1836 The town's first newspaper was published. It was called the Burlington Reporter.

1837 A steam mill was erected at Bridlington Quay where production of malt and beer was done.

1840 Christ Church built.

1846 A railway from Hull to Bridlington opened in October.

1847 The railway carried on to Scarborough.

1867 First sea stone wall built.

1871 A great storm in Bridlington claims the lives of 70 seamen.

1889 Bridlington Priory organ is built. It is one of the largest in the world.

1891 Population reaches 6,840.

1896 Donkey rides introduced on the beach. Opening of new Spa and Gardens.

1899 Bridlington Grammar School for Boys opens.

1899 First Mayor of Bridlington, Mr R. Medforth.

1901 Population stands at 12,482.

1906 Spa Hall destroyed by fire.

1928 Opening of Princess Mary Promenade.

1931 New north sea wall completed.

1932 The Avenue becomes a hospital.

1940 Woolworth's store hit by bomb (WWII)

1974 Bridlington becomes part of the county of Humberside.

1979 Population reaches 28,590.

1988 The Avenue becomes derelict.

1993 The Avenue is transformed into apartments.

1995 The new Spa Promenade opened.

1996 High Street refurbished and Harbour Footbridge demolished.

1999 Bridlington School, now a mixed comprehensive, celebrates its centenary year.

2008 New and improved Spa opens

I think this material should be reinstated as referenced prose only. Thanks, --Jza84 | Talk  17:43, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

Misunderstanding
At 2115, 2 Oct 2010 GMT] the article read: "The land was given to Gilbert de Gant, nephew of King Stephen, in 1072.[5]" Per the link, Gilbert de Gant (query Gant = Ghent? . . . perhaps) in Wikipedia, reads "Gilbert de Gant[1], 1st Earl of Lincoln (c. 1126 – 1156) was an English nobleman who fought for King Stephen during The Anarchy." I am simple. Can someone explain how Gilbert could be given someyhing forty or fifty years before his birth? Or is this a small typo - should it be 1127 - or 1172, when he was dead; or something. Pedant_3 queried this, seeking illumination, and knowing nothing: - 2010 10 02 2115 GMT. 86.167.117.177 (talk) 21:13, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
 * I think the problem comes from the reference in this article which gives the date of 1072 as the date of the rebellion and could be taken as the date the king gave it to Gilbert. Though the date for this transaction is not explicitly given in the reference. Need to find some reference that gives the date for the transaction. Keith D (talk) 00:45, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

Reworking notes
This was highlighted for improvement by WikiProject:Yorkshire back in 2010. A number of people have been adding to it since then, but it still didn't look any better. I have tried to rework the existing material according to the guide on How to write about settlements. I have also added some new stuff, re-ordered the sections and added a couple of pics. I have also nearly tripled the amount of references, though they need some work to make them look better. I have slightly gone against guidance with the education section, but i think it just about works. The History section seems to be lacking content still, as does the Sports, so additional contributions would be welcome. As always, constructive criticism of my changes is welcome. I need to learn and improve too.Rimmer1993 (talk) 14:55, 16 August 2013 (UTC)

Town crier
I have edited the section on the town crier. There was a Guinness world record for loudest town crier Alan Myatt which dpoesn't appear to be current. The source for the Bridlington town crier can support the decibels recorded but it is not a reliable source for world record status.  Flat Out   let's discuss it  01:57, 12 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Good point. --Ronz (talk) 03:06, 12 April 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 10:18, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Formatting of the article
Hello all; is this article overburdened with images? I think it is, but would prefer other opinions. I have added cites so that all the notable people are referenced, but should we list them alphabetically, or by date order? (WikiProject UK geography/How to write about settlements does not give strict guidance). Regards. The joy of all things (talk) 15:20, 21 August 2019 (UTC)
 * The joy of all things Images of schools and portraits of notable people could safely be removed as they should be available in the linked articles. The Ebor house image does not illustrate text so can go. My preference is for listing the notables in date order as there are a significant proportion that go back in time.SovalValtos (talk) 15:37, 21 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the advice and your thoughts; always good to get a second opinion. Regards and happy editing.The joy of all things (talk) 15:40, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

Lobster Capital of Europe
Mentioned in the lead, but absolutely no reference in the main body. Needs further expansion. 2A00:23C8:4F16:6201:100F:76BD:F421:A6C (talk) 19:16, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Or omitting.Bmcln1 (talk) 19:21, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

History of Nomenclature
From reading the articles on Burlington, Ontario and its associated Burlington Bay, it appears that Bridlington was known as Burlington. Indeed, this very article mentions that its schools have that name, and a recent train line did too. (A timeline here on the talk page lists the 19th century as the time of the change, but the Burlington Bertie train line mentioned in the article is from the 1970s.) So why did it change from Bridlington to Burlington? "Bridlington" certainly sounds more posh and British, at least to a North American like myself. (Americans could also joke that maybe it didn't want to be associated with the lower-class shop Burlington Coat Factory -- a place that's maybe one notch up from a pound shop / dollar store.) Or has it just always been called by both names since Time Immemorial, as some sort of Great Unsolvable Mystery of the East Riding of Yorkshire?

Mr Responsible (talk) 11:20, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bridlington


text:
In Defense of Women

In Defense of Women is H. L. Mencken's 1918 book on women and the relationship between the sexes. Some laud the book as progressive while others brand it as reactionary. While Mencken did not champion women's rights, he described women as wiser in many novel and observable ways, while demeaning average men.

According to Mencken's biographer, Fred Hobson:

 * "Depending on the position of the reader, he was either a great defender of women's rights or, as a critic labelled him in 1916, 'the greatest misogynist since Schopenhauer', 'the country's high-priest of woman-haters.'"

History
The original title for Defense was A Book for Men Only, but other working titles included The Eternal Feminine as well as The Infernal Feminine. The book was originally published by Philip Goodman in 1918, but Mencken released a new edition in 1922 in an attempt to bring the book to a wider audience. This second edition, published by Alfred Knopf, was both much longer and milder.

General
In general, biographers describe Defense as "ironic": it was not so much a defense of women as a critique of the relationship between the sexes. Topics covered by the book included "Woman's Equipment," "Compulsory Marriage," "The Emancipated Housewife," and "Women as Martyrs." Women were gaining rights, according to Mencken—the ability to partake in adultery without lasting public disgrace, the ability to divorce men, and even some escape from the notion of virginity as sacred, which remained as "one of the hollow conventions of Christianity." Women nonetheless remained restrained by social conventions in many capacities.

Suffrage
Mencken's love of women was driven in part by the sympathy he had for female literary characters (especially those brought to life by his friend Theodore Dreiser), as well as his almost fanatical love of his mother. Mencken supported women's rights, even if he had no affection for the suffragist.

Although he originally intended to be ironic when he proclaimed that women were the superior gender, many of the qualities he assigned to them were qualities he deeply admired – realism and skepticism among them, but also manipulative skill and a detached view of humankind.

"Demeaning"
Mencken praised women, though he believed they should remain in the background of industry and politics. In personal letters especially, Mencken would write that women should appreciate men and do their best to support them. Although Mencken did not intend to demean women, his description of his "ideal scene" with a woman in the 1922 edition was not conventionally progressive:

It is the close of a busy and vexatious day—say half past five or six o'clock of a winter afternoon. I have had a cocktail or two, and am stretched out on a divan in front of a fire, smoking. At the edge of the divan, close enough for me to reach her with my hands, sits a woman not too young, but still good-looking and well dressed—above all, a woman with a soft, low-pitched, agreeable voice. As I snooze she talks—of anything, everything, all the things that women talk of: books, music, the play, men, other women. No politics. No business. No religion. No metaphysics. Nothing challenging and vexatious—but remember, she is intelligent; what she says is clearly expressed... Gradually I fall asleep—but only for an instant... then to sleep again—slowly and charmingly down that slippery hill of dreams. And then awake again, and then asleep again, and so on.

I ask you seriously: could anything be more unutterably beautiful?

Mencken often espoused views of politics, religion, and metaphysics that stressed their grotesqueness and absurdity; in this context, escape from the supposed fraud of such somber subjects was welcome to him.

Critical reviews
The book was reviewed very well: according to Carl Bode, there were four times as many favorable reviews as unfavorable.

The first edition of the book sold fewer than 900 copies, a disappointing showing. The second edition sold much better, during the more progressive Roaring Twenties.

title: In Defense of Women


text:
User talk:Asexual same-sex marriage

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

Also, please be aware that the article on Same-Sex Marriages refer to gay marriage, or, more specifically, sexual relationships between same-sex partners that wish to become married under the law of a nation. Please see the section on terminology for more on this. Arcuras 21:06, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * Please refrain from using article space to push your point of view. I disagree with Arcuras, actually: there is nothing in any modern marriage contract, whether it be between same-sex or opposite sex people, that requires sexual activity to occur within the marriage to legitimise it.  In other words, sexual activity is not a requirement for marriage, so claiming that asexuals are not allowed to marry is both non-neutral and a falsehood.  Exploding Boy 21:21, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Exploding Boy 21:30, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. . In addition to continuing to add non-NPOV nonsense to the same-sex marriage article despite several warnings (above), you have now reverted the same article more than three times in a 24 hour period; this is a violation of Wikipedia policies. Please consider this to be your last warning. If you continue this behaviour you will be blocked. Exploding Boy 22:00, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

You are the one who is vandalising, Asexual same-sex marriage. Please stop. Spinboy 22:02, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Three revert rule
ASSM, please read WP:3RR. If you revert an article more than three times in 24 hours, you are subject to being blocked. If people revert you, use the talk page of an article to discuss your changes first. If you believe the article is factually inaccurate, add to the top; if you think it does not conform to the neutral point of view, add  and again, discuss. Do not revert wholesale. JRM 22:00, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)

Hello, I'd like to suggest that you and I create a new article on Asexual same-sex marriage rather than engaging in a futile little edit war. Once we've created such an article then might be a good time to argue for a little space in same-sex marriage. Regards :) Barnaby dawson 22:40, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Hm. Personally, I'd argue that "asexual marriage" belongs under marriage of convenience.  Exploding Boy 22:45, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

Perhaps we should have an article on platonic marriage with a subsection about same-sex marriage's of this type. I'll have a look and see if I can find such an article already in existence. Barnaby dawson 21:59, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Dillusional
Um, if you are in a same-sex marriage, how are you not gay? One can be asexual and still be gay. It depends on one's desires, not one's actions. Nelson Ricardo 03:35, Jan 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * You may wish to read the Talk: Same-sex marriage pages for some information. Exploding Boy 17:18, Jan 4, 2005 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. Because we have a policy against usernames that give the impression that the account represents a group, organization or website, I have blocked this account; please take a moment to create a new account with a username that represents only yourself as an individual.

Additionally, it appears your account is intended to be used for the purpose of telling the world about an organization or cause that you consider worthwhile. Unfortunately, many good causes are not sufficiently notable for their own Wikipedia article, and all users are discouraged from editing in any area where they have an inherent conflict of interest, though you may wish to consider one of these alternative outlets. If your username doesn't represent a group, organization or website, you may appeal this username block by adding the text below this notice. Thank you. The Blade of the Northern Lights ( 話して下さい ) 20:15, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Asexual same-sex marriage


text:
Talk:The Eyes of the Dragon

Untitled
I laughed at the parts when the king killed the dragon and as a celebration the urinated on the dragon’s head. It was just perfect for the situation and he thought Stephen King would write something like that. The book made me smile when the wizard outsmarted some of the towns people and the town’s people thought that they were a lot smater and trickier than the wizard. I felt that this book was a book full of lots of emotions and it’s a happy and sad book all together because of what happens in the story.

synopsis
Really needs one. If someone else doesn't make it I might. --66.146.59.114 01:04, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Similarities to Real Life
King uses timeless archetypes of good son/bad son here and I'm sure people of different political persuasions can give their own example. I read and lost track of this book decades ago. But when the stories started to break about Karl Rove's abuse of the media to deceive the public (including defaming men from his own party who challenged his agenda), I dug around until I discovered the story was from The Eyes of the Dragon by Stephen King. Now that I have re-read the book, it really does creeps me out because of the similarities I see between Karl Rove and Flagg -- always behind the scenes, manipulating those in public office, preying on their insecurities, encouraging personal immorality and self-deception, planting lies and encouraging policies that will bring chaos and misery to the ignorant public. Even G.W. Bush reminds me of Thomas in that prior to entering politics, he was incompetent in other endeavors and  and and unfavorably compared to his younger brother, Jeb Bush and his father.

 * Since none of those sources mention The Eyes of the Dragon, we can't mention it in the article, and I don't think King had the Bush family on his mind when he wrote it, so it should stay out, unless there's a reliable source, as opposed to the similarities that you note. --MwNNrules (talk) 04:33, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Literary References
Huh? Rohan and Hari Seldon? What does that have to do with this book? Please clarify. -- MiguelMunoz 12:07, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

What's that word in parenthesis after Flagg's name? Atsushi? I've never encountered that word in all of King's works. Why is it there?

 * I have no idea. Ours18 00:47, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

 * As it seems to be crazy talk, or at least uncitable as no one knows what it means, I shall remove it. ArchangelX777 06:47, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

King Roland
I'm guessing the description of King Roland as a 'Pimp' who 'hit Sasha up' isn't quite what Mr King had in mind. However, I've not read the book so I can't undo the vandalism.

 * That's one way of putting it... but, yeah, it was definitely vandalism. --MwNNrules (talk) 05:57, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Eyesofthedragon.jpg
Image:Eyesofthedragon.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:27, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Eyesofthedragon.jpg
Image:Eyesofthedragon.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 21:47, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

It's Possible
Friendly head's up: Using phrases such as 'it's possible' is generally deemed original research, not something wiki likes. But considering this is Stephen King mythos...I dunno. Lots42 (talk) 02:12, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

 * King mythos or not, it's all fair game when it isn't reliable or cited. --MwNNrules (talk) 04:33, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

Dubious 'Misery' inspiration claim
The claim of "Misery" being inspired by critical reaction to this novel is dubious. King's official website includes a description of the inspiration for "Misery" that makes no mention of "Eyes of the Dragon": http://www.stephenking.com/library/novel/misery_inspiration.html. Also, "Misery" was published just over four months after "Eyes of the Dragon." It is not impossible, but improbable, that a new mass-market novel could be inspired, written, edited, published and marketed in less than four months.Jtcarpet (talk) 04:46, 12 November 2013 (UTC)
 * the reference should probably be re-worded. My interpretation from the Steven King story is that the critical reaction colored the "story within a story" of the protagonist's arc of writing in a different genre. My two cents. MoviePhan (talk) 21:55, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Misery wasn't inspired for backlash for people not liking Eyes of the Dragon. Misery came to Stephen King in a dream and later turned into a metaphor for Stephen King's cocaine addiction. That is facted. Deac7117 (talk) 23:39, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

lead section template remove?
Lead section template was added January 2014 - since then appears to be edited so that it no longer qualifies. If no objection will remove this template. MoviePhan (talk) 22:06, 12 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Removed February 20, 2018 MoviePhan (talk) 21:51, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

Incorrect information about Misery..
Misery wasn't inspired for backlash for people not liking Eyes of the Dragon. Misery came to Stephen King in a dream and later turned into a metaphor for Stephen King's cocaine addiction. That is facted. It is stated in his book On Writing and also in interviews. Deac7117 (talk) 23:42, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Eyes of the Dragon


text:
Armand Assante

Armand Anthony Assante Jr. (born October 4, 1949) is an American actor. He played mobster John Gotti in the 1996 HBO television film Gotti, Odysseus in the 1997 miniseries adaptation of Homer's The Odyssey, Nietzsche in When Nietzsche Wept, and Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer in 1982's I, the Jury. He has been nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards (one win for his performance in Gotti), four Golden Globe Awards, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.

Early life
Assante was born in New York City and raised in Cornwall, New York, the son of Armand Anthony Assante Sr. (1922–2017), a painter and artist, and Katharine (née Healy; 1921–2011), a music teacher, English teacher and poet. He is of Italian and Irish descent.

Career
During the 1970s, Assante was a regular on two NBC soap operas, How to Survive a Marriage as Johnny McGhee and The Doctors as Mike Powers. His first film was The Lords of Flatbush (1974), although his work did not appear in the final cut of the film and the end credits misspelled his last name as Assanti. He starred in  Prophecy  (1979). His first on-screen role was playing Sylvester Stallone's brother in Paradise Alley, and a role that brought him greater attention came in 1980's Private Benjamin as a handsome Frenchman who becomes the love interest of a U.S. soldier played by Goldie Hawn. In 1984 he portrayed the playboy violin virtuoso Maximillian Stein in the Dudley Moore comedy vehicle Unfaithfully Yours.

Assante has played a number of tough hero characters, such as his starring role as private eye Mike Hammer in the film I, the Jury (1982) as well as Mafia gangsters such as Michael Moretti in Sidney Sheldon's Rage of Angels. In 1990 his role as Roberto Texador in Sidney Lumet's film Q&A garnered him a Golden Globe nomination, and the following year he portrayed Bugsy Siegel in Neil Simon's The Marrying Man (1991). The following year he was seen as mafia boss Carol D'Allesandro in Hoffa (1992) starring Jack Nicholson, and crime kingpin John Gotti in the 1996 made-for-television biopic Gotti, for which he won his Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie. In addition to mafia and "tough-guy" roles, Assante has appeared in historical dramas, such as Napoleon Bonaparte in 1987's Napoleon and Josephine: A Love Story opposite Jacqueline Bisset, the heroic Odysseus in The Odyssey, Friedrich Nietzsche in the film adaptation of Irving Yalom's novel When Nietzsche Wept, and as Sanchez, Queen Isabella's Minister of State, in 1492: Conquest of Paradise.

Other film appearances include one as a Cuban bandleader in The Mambo Kings opposite Antonio Banderas and in the adaptation of the science-fiction story Judge Dredd with Sylvester Stallone, his co-star in Paradise Alley. He appeared in the 2007 film American Gangster with Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe. He had a recurring guest star role in several episodes of NCIS, playing the international arms dealer René Benoit. He has also appeared in the 2009 horror film Smile as the mysterious Tollinger and portrayed Ernie in Sugar (marketed on Lifetime as Danger Below Deck). Outside of the U.S., he has participated in several film projects and humanitarian endeavors in Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.

Personal life
From 1982 to 1994, Assante was married to Karen McArn, with whom he had two daughters: Anya (born 1983) and Alesandra (born 1988). He has dated Dyan Cannon, his co-star from Lady of the House, as well as Mara Venier and Vanessa Constantino.

In 2013, Assante became a partner in his own premium cigar brand known as Ora Vivo Cigars.

Awards and nominations

 * In 2010, Assante received a star on the Italian Walk of Fame in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

title: Armand Assante


text:
Affection (Jody Watley album)

Affection is the fifth album by the American pop singer Jody Watley, released in 1995.

Personnel

 * Jody Watley – vocals, background vocals
 * Yvette Cason – backing vocals
 * Keith Crouch – drums, Moog synthesizer, Moog bass
 * Kenneth Crouch – strings
 * Angelo Earl – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
 * Derrick Edmonson – keyboards, saxophone
 * Lili Haydn – violin
 * David Jackson – accordion

 * Rodney Lee – keyboards, Fender Rhodes
 * Glenn McKinney – guitar, keyboards
 * Morris O'Connor – acoustic guitar, guitar
 * Tory Ruffin – guitar
 * Stan Sargeant – bass guitar, electric bass
 * Dwight Sills – acoustic guitar
 * Brannen Temple – drums

 * Production

 * Producers – Derrick Edmonson, Jody Watley
 * Executive producer – Jody Watley
 * Engineers – Angelo Earl, Booker T. Jones, Chris Welton
 * Assistant engineer – Gene Lo
 * Mixing – Angelo Earl, Booker T. Jones, Chris Welton
 * Mixing assistant – Gene Lo
 * Mastering –: Steve Hall
 * Guitar programming – Derrick Edmonson
 * Instrumentation – Derrick Edmonson
 * Arrangers – Derrick Edmonson, Jody Watley
 * String arrangements – Kenneth Crouch
 * Art direction – Simon Halfon, Jody Watley
 * Photography – Michael Walls

title: Affection (Jody Watley album)


text:
Marion Bloom

Marion L. Bloom (1891 – March 10, 1975) was an American writer and nurse, and briefly a literary agent, known for her nearly decade-long relationship with H. L. Mencken.

Life
Bloom was born in New Windsor, Maryland. She was one of eight children, with five brothers and two sisters.

When Bloom was seven, she lost her father to suicide, prompting her older siblings to seek employment to support the family. As a teenager, Bloom moved to Washington, D.C. to find work as a writer. In February 1914, she met H. L. Mencken in Washington, D.C. Shortly after this, the two became romantically involved. Mencken would travel to visit her in Washington, D.C., and Bloom visited him in New York City. Bloom worked as a nurse for six months in the United States Army in Europe during World War I. Upon returning to the United States, she converted to Christian Science. Mencken, an atheist, believed that Bloom's faith was a hindrance upon their marriage.

In 1923, Bloom briefly married Lou Maritza, a Romanian historian. which pushed Mencken to destroy her letters to him. Later, Bloom moved to France. By the time she returned to the United States, Mencken had married the terminally ill Sara Haardt in 1930, who died four years later.

According to Fred Hobson, Bloom was "an interesting character in her own right, a compelling figure not because she was special in any way, but because she was emblematic of the prototypical small-town girl, emerging from hardship, poverty and religious piety, who went to the city to pursue her own idea of the American Dream. Bloom was never fully able to determine what version of that dream she wanted most — whether to succeed as a new woman, self-reliant professionally and emotionally, or whether to play a more traditional role and become the wife of a powerful man such as H. L. Mencken. She could not easily, in her time, have both, and she ended up having neither."

Work
Edward A. Martin's book, "In Defense of Marion," discusses the significance of the relationship between Bloom and Mencken, describing it as "the most important love relationship in H. L. Mencken’s life." Martin suggests that Mencken attempted to conceal this relationship, hoping it would remain hidden within the extensive documentation of his literary accomplishments as an author and editor. Martin observes that their relationship thrived during a time when Mencken frequently addressed women's issues in his writings.

Her association with H. L. Mencken commenced in February 1914, during her visit to the premises of the Baltimore Sun. Although Mencken and Bloom's relationship ended in the early 1920s, their exchange of love letters later shows Bloom's lasting admiration for Mencken. Their love letters were published in 1996 in "In Defense of Marion: The Love of Marion Bloom and H. L. Mencken."

Bloom authored several books and wrote for American Mercury and The Washington Herald. She also returned to the nursing field, working for the American Red Cross as assistant chief of the Resources Information unit. It is believed that she may have served in the army again as a nurse during and after World War II, from 1944 until 1947. She worked for the Junior Red Cross in the late 1940s and was employed by the State Department in 1950, retiring ten years later. She died on March 10, 1975.

The correspondences between Mencken, Bloom, and her sister Estelle are housed at the Enoch Pratt Free Library of Baltimore and the New York Public Library.

title: Marion Bloom


text:
Gary Sprake

Gareth Sprake (3 April 1945 – 18 October 2016) was a Welsh professional footballer. A goalkeeper, he played for Leeds United and Birmingham City and also won 37 caps for Wales.

Sprake became known during his career as a brilliant goalkeeper who was prone to occasional mistakes. He was especially known for his ability to come out to catch crossed balls floating into the box and his shot stopping. At Leeds, Sprake played 504 times, keeping more than 200 clean sheets. He spent more than a decade as the number 1 keeper at Leeds during a period when they were a dominant side in the English domestic game.

Club career
Sprake represented Swansea Schoolboys and was noticed by Leeds United soon after he left school and was playing for a local works team.

Sprake joined Leeds as an apprentice, and made a last-minute debut in 1962 when the regular goalkeeper went down with a stomach complaint on the day of a game at Southampton. Over the next two seasons Sprake became a regular as Leeds won the Second Division in 1964, and then challenged for the Football League championship title and FA Cup double the following year. Sprake only missed one game in both competitions that season, but Leeds ended with nothing, missing out on the League title on goal average to Manchester United and losing the FA Cup final to Liverpool. At Leeds, he was also known to be sick before each match but managed to play regularly and keep the starting goalkeeper position.

The first of Sprake's two notorious errors came in 1967 when Leeds played Liverpool in a League game at Anfield. Sprake was holding the ball and was set to throw it to the Leeds left back Terry Cooper, only to curtail his throw when he spotted Liverpool winger Ian Callaghan running towards the area he planned to throw the ball. Unfortunately for Sprake, the ball slipped out of his hands behind him and ended up in the net. At half-time, the Liverpool tannoy-announcer played "Careless Hands", a record by Des O'Connor, apparently in reference to Sprake's mistake, and during the second half Liverpool supporters on the Kop sang the song repeatedly to Sprake. During his time at Leeds, fans of rival clubs gave Sprake the nickname "Careless Hands" as a result.

In the same season Sprake kept a clean sheet as Leeds beat Arsenal in the League Cup final, and he performed heroics behind an overworked defence as Leeds won the Fairs Cup, the club's first European honour. In 1969, Sprake was again a regular as Leeds won the League championship.

In 1970, Sprake and Leeds chased a treble of the League, the FA Cup and the European Cup, but ended up with nothing. The League title went to Everton who won by nine points, and Leeds went out of the European Cup in the semi-finals to Celtic. The FA Cup Final provided the stage for the second of Sprake's most memorable errors.

In the 1970 FA Cup Final, Leeds were playing Chelsea and took an early lead through Jack Charlton. Chelsea chased an equaliser, but when attacking midfield player Peter Houseman hit a left foot shot shortly before the break, it seemed tame and directionless enough for Sprake to save it safely. Sprake dived full length to save it but it squirmed through his grasp and rolled into the net. At the time, the Wembley surface was in poor condition, with the stadium having hosted the Horse of the Year Show days earlier and having much of the grass turned into hard turf lumps as a result, as well as the presence of a vast covering of sand.

In the second half, Mick Jones put Leeds ahead with just six minutes to go, but Chelsea again equalized. Sprake suffered a knee injury and was replaced by David Harvey in the replay, which Chelsea won 2–1.

Sprake was still the first-choice keeper for Leeds in the following two seasons, but was replaced by Harvey at the tail of both, including the 1972 FA Cup Final. Sprake watched from the sidelines as Leeds defeated Arsenal 1–0 in 1972 with a goal from Allan Clarke and a superb performance by Harvey at the other end. In the same year, due to his need of first-team football, Sprake publicly criticised Revie for his treatment of him and so his relationship with his manager, teammates, and the Leeds supporters soured. He only played once in the 1972–73 season, missed two more Cup finals, and eventually left for Birmingham City for £100,000 (breaking the world record transfer fee for a goalkeeper in the process) to play first-team football and regain his place in the Welsh team.

International career
Sprake was the youngest-ever goalkeeper to appear for Wales when he made his international debut as an 18-year-old against Scotland on 20 November 1963.

Sprake won 37 caps for Wales between 1963 and 1974.

After football
A back injury brought Sprake's career to an end at the age of 30, the injury resulting from a near fatal blood clot in his back which forced him to undergo spinal fusion surgery. His severe back problems have been largely blamed on regular injections of cortisone he was given during his early career at Leeds. After retiring, Sprake underwent seven operations on his back. He subsequently kept his profile low, returning to his native Wales. He was paid £7,500 by the Daily Mirror to make allegations against former Leeds manager Don Revie and club captain regarding match-fixing, but refused to repeat the allegations under oath in court. Wolverhampton Wanderers' Derek Dougan asserted that he heard no mention of the bribes.

Following his retirement, Sprake worked as a salesman for a short period before becoming a borough council training officer in Solihull, a job which he remained in for over 14 years. His biography, Careless Hands: The Forgotten Truth of Gary Sprake by Tim Johnson and Stuart Sprake (his nephew), was published in 2006. In November 2009 Sprake was given an award by the Football Association of Wales for his contribution to Welsh football during the 1960s and 1970s. Sprake died at the age of 71 on 18 October 2016.

Honours
Leeds United
 * Football League First Division: 1968–69
 * Football League Second Division: 1963–64
 * Football League Cup: 1967–68
 * FA Charity Shield: 1969
 * Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1967–68, 1970–71
 * FA Cup runner-up: 1964–65

title: Gary Sprake


text:
Duncraig

Duncraig may refer to:

 * Duncraig Castle in Scotland
 * Duncraig railway station, near this castle
 * Duncraig, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia
 * Duncraig Senior High School

title: Duncraig


text: User talk:68.236.27.110

title: User talk:68.236.27.110


text: User talk:66.77.102.10

title: User talk:66.77.102.10


text:
Kevin Kyle

Kevin Alastair Kyle (born 7 June 1981) is a Scottish retired footballer and media personality who played as a centre forward. He played for eleven senior clubs in his career. Kyle gained ten full Scotland international caps and scored one goal.

After starting as a youngster at Ayr United, Kyle began his professional career with Sunderland, where he had been in the youth team. He remained at the Stadium of Light for six years, making 91 appearances in the Football League, scoring 17 goals. He also made his debut for both the Scotland under−21s and its senior team during his time in the North East, as well as gaining promotion to the Premier League in 2004–05. In 2006, he moved to Coventry City, for whom he made 44 league appearances and scored five goals. In 2009, Kyle signed for Kilmarnock, marking his professional debut in his homeland. After a year in East Ayrshire, during which he scored 16 goals, he signed for Hearts in 2010. In two years at Tynecastle, Kyle scored seven goals in his 19 league appearances. In 2012, Kyle joined Rangers, where he made eight league appearances and scored three goals, and won the Third Division title as the club began its climb back to top tier. He finished his career back at Ayr United in 2013, aged 32, and retired the following year.

Early life
Kyle was born and grew up in Stranraer, Scotland where as well as playing for his school team and local amateur sides he was selected to play for Dumfries and Galloway region. Also in the same Dumfries and Galloway team was fellow Stranraer boy Allan Jenkins.

Sunderland
Kyle began his career as a youth at Ayr United before joining Sunderland in 1998, where he was a prolific scorer for their reserves. However, he was unable to force his way into a first team that boasted the striking talent of Kevin Phillips and Niall Quinn. Instead, he gained first team experience on loan with Huddersfield, Darlington and Rochdale. It was on loan at Darlington that Kyle scored his first career goals, notching against Sudbury in the FA Cup and Mansfield Town in the league.

After finally breaking into the Sunderland first team in the 2003–04 season he ended up as their joint top goalscorer with 16 goals to help them to the play-offs. However, he missed most of the following season owing to a hip injury and his recovery was aided by visits to Bayern Munich doctor Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt and American hip surgeon Marc Phillipon. He returned to first team action in February 2006, scoring his first and only Premier League goal in March 2006, away to Manchester City, in a season that saw Sunderland relegated on a then-record low points tally.

Coventry City
Kyle then joined Coventry City on 25 August 2006 for £600,000, but only went on to score three goals during the campaign. He scored just two more. Out of favour with the Sky Blues and despised by their fans, he traded a relegation battle with Coventry for a promotion push with a loan to fellow Championship side Wolverhampton Wanderers during the latter half of the 2007–08 season, reuniting him with his former Sunderland boss Mick McCarthy. He made 13 appearances, nine as substitute, scoring once against Crystal Palace. While Wolves finished seventh, outside the play-offs, his move was not made permanent as Kyle said he would rather return to Coventry, who finished a point clear of the relegation positions in 21st, in the summer. After failing to feature at all during the opening stages of the next season for his parent club, he joined Hartlepool United on a month's loan on 1 October 2008. The loan was later extended until the end of the year, and Kyle scored five goals in 15 starts.

Kilmarnock
On 27 January 2009, Coventry announced that they had reached an agreement with Kyle over the remaining six months of his contract, and he had left the club by mutual consent. Two days later, he signed for Kilmarnock on an 18-month contract. On 31 January 2009 he scored a headed goal on his debut for Kilmarnock against St Mirren and this goal was also the first at the new St Mirren Park. On 11 April he scored all three goals, his first ever professional hat-trick, in a 3–0 victory against Falkirk for which he received a standing ovation when he was substituted. Kyle was praised for his part in keeping Killie in the SPL that season. In the games following the 2008–2009 season Scottish Premier League split, Kyle scored all of Kilmarnock's goals in a draw with Falkirk and victories against St Mirren and Inverness Caledonian Thistle thus helping the team secure 8th place and SPL survival. He scored eight goals in total that season.

Kyle was made Kilmarnock club captain for the 2009–10 season. He started where he left off by scoring twice in the opening day 3–0 home victory over Hamilton and his good form won him a recall to the Scotland squad after an absence of five years. In the Scottish League Cup game against Morton (in which he also scored) he suffered a knee injury, sidelining him for three weeks and causing him to miss the final two World Cup qualifiers against Macedonia and the Netherlands on 5 and 10 September 2009. In January 2010, he relinquished the club captaincy following his involvement in the events that ultimately led to the departure of manager Jim Jefferies.

Kyle became unhappy at Kilmarnock and went on trial with Russian side PFC Spartak Nalchik with a view to join them at the end of the season when his current deal expired but rejected a move. Whilst playing in a trial match there he picked up an injury, angering manager Calderwood as he missed key games for the club.

Hearts
Kyle signed a two-year contract with Hearts on 3 June 2010, which reunited him with Jim Jefferies, making his debut on 14 August 2010 against St Johnstone as a 66th-minute substitute. His first goal for the club came the following week against Hamilton in Hearts 4–0 win. He took over taking penalty kicks at the club and scored six goals out of six from the spot, plus another four from open play, in the 2010–11 season. He scored a late winner in the Edinburgh derby against Hibernian on 1 January 2011. The remainder of his 2010–11 season was blighted by a hip injury, as Kyle made his last appearance of the season on 11 January. The injury continued to trouble Kyle in the 2011–12 season. After several setbacks Kyle admitted that he feared this could be the end of his footballing career. Kyle underwent a further operation on his hip in January 2012, but was released from his contract in March 2012.

Rangers
Kyle was initially invited back to train with Hearts during the 2012–13 pre-season however this fell through following the departure of manager Paulo Sérgio. He began training with Dunfermline and featured for them as a trialist during their pre-season friendlies. He then joined St Johnstone on trial. After revealing he would be open to a move to Rangers, Kyle accepted an invite to take part in one of their training sessions. On 7 August 2012, Kyle signed a one-year contract with Rangers. Kyle made his Rangers debut on the same day as signing as a substitute at home to East Fife in the League Cup first round. On 16 March 2013, Kyle left the club by mutual consent.

Ayr United
Kyle started training with Ayr in late August 2013, and soon began playing in reserve games. He made his debut, although as a trialist, after being subbed on in a 1–1 draw at Stenhousemuir. Kyle played one more game before finally signing a contract, which was held up due to financial constraints, that lasted until January 2014.

International career
Kyle has represented Scotland at under-21, and at full international level making ten appearances scoring once, against a Hong Kong League XI during the HKSAR Reunification Cup in May 2002. His last call up was for a friendly against the Faroe Islands in November 2010.

International goals

 * Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first.

Honours

 * Sunderland:
 * Football League Championship Champions: 2004–05
 * Rangers:
 * Scottish Football League Third Division Champions: 2012–13
 * Individual:
 * North East Football Award – young player of the year: 2004

Darts
Kevin entered the BDO Scottish Open darts tournament in 2016, reaching the last 256. He beat Lakeside semi-finalist Richard Veenstra, who was ninth seed in the tournament, on the way.

Personal life
Kyle is married to Lynn, with whom he has four sons; one is called Harry . His brother-in-law is fellow Stanraer native Jamie Adams.

In 2007, he was convicted of two breaches of the peace after a brawl in Stranraer.

After retiring, Kyle worked in the Shetland Islands for two years, doing 18-day stints of 12-hour shifts as a room-keeper on the MS Regina Baltica cruiseferry. "Life was pretty shit," he said. At a Clyde F.C. training camp, he met Simon Ferry, who asked him if he'd like to come on his Keeping the Ball on the Ground podcast.

Media career
In 2018, Kyle was interviewed by Simon Ferry on the YouTube channel Open Goal. "I did the interview and I thought, 'This could be quite good.' I don't know how to filter things and just say things how it is." After returning to the channel for a few appearances, Kyle became a permanent fixture on the channel, regularly featuring on the channel's podcast with Ferry and Paul Slane, as well as Andy Halliday later on. The show has gained a large cult following, and Open Goal was awarded 'Best Podcast' at the 2019 Football Blogging Awards.

title: Kevin Kyle


text:
Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho

Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho (Grande Área Metropolitana do Minho) is a former administrative division in Portugal. Founded in 2004, it consisted of 12 municipalities in the north of the country: Amares, Barcelos, Braga, Cabeceiras de Basto, Fafe, Guimarães, Póvoa de Lanhoso, Terras de Bouro, Vieira do Minho, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Vila Verde and Vizela, all of them part of the former Braga District. It was disbanded in 2009, when the intermunicipal communities Ave and Cávado were formed.

title: Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho


text:
2002 in British music

This is a summary of 2002 in music in the United Kingdom.

Summary
British and Irish bands that did well in the charts included Stereophonics, the Chemical Brothers, and Westlife; the latter topped the charts for a record 10th time, matching Madonna. They also were the quickest act to obtain 10 chart toppers, with only 35 months between this and their first.

The fastest-selling debut single in UK chart history was released by the Winner of the TV talent show, Pop Idol; Will Young had been voted as the winner by over 4 million people in the final, after winning six out of the nine weeks, with Gareth Gates, the eventual runner-up, winning three times. "Anything is Possible/Evergreen", topped the charts for 3 weeks and sold over 1.1 million copies in its first week of sale; altogether it sold over 1.7 million copies, becoming the 11th biggest-selling single in the UK and also the second fastest-selling single in the UK, with only Elton John's "Candle in the Wind" ahead of it. Young reached the top again with his second single "Light My Fire".

Runner-up Gareth Gates scored a No. 1 with his debut single, "Unchained Melody", spending one week more at the top than Will Young, thought the single itself sold less than Will Young's; nonetheless it became the 77th million-selling single in the UK and the last one until 2004. Overall, it is the 37th biggest selling single in the UK. Gates also had a second No.1 single, "Anyone Of Us (Stupid Mistake)", which topped the charts for 3 weeks, bettering Will Young by one week once again. Darius Danesh, third in Pop Idol, also made No 1 with "Colourblind". After both having two chart toppers, Young and Gates joined forces and revived an old Beatles classic, "The Long and Winding Road".

UK girl group Sugababes (who were now under their second line-up of original members Keisha Buchanan, Mutya Buena and former Atomic Kitten member Heidi Range, who replaced Siobhán Donaghy after her departure the previous year) scored their first UK number one with "Freak like Me". Ronan Keating also returned to the top of the singles chart with a cover of "If Tomorrow Never Comes". Liberty X, consisting of the five losers who just failed to make Hear'Say in the talent show Popstars, reached No. 1 with Just a Little, eventually becoming more successful than Hear'Say, who disbanded in October. S Club Juniors, an 8-piece pre-teen spin off from S Club 7 (who saw the departure of band member Paul Cattermole earlier that year) reached No 2 with their debut single One Step Closer.

The Sugababes hit the top for a second time with their sixth single, "Round Round". Like their first No. 1 single, it only spent a week at the summit. The song was taken from the soundtrack to the hit film, "The Guru". Specialising in pop and R&B with garage influences, all-male act Blazin' Squad entered atop the charts with their massively hyped debut single, "Crossroads". They would go on to have five more top 10 singles, though their two albums charted near the low end of the top 40 on the albums chart.

Coldplay released their second album, a follow-up to Parachutes; A Rush of Blood to the Head included several hit singles and they became one of the few early 2000s era British acts to achieve fame and popularity in the US. Having previously topped the singles charts twice, Atomic Kitten also scored a No. 1 album with their third release, Feels So Good, which spawned two top 3 hits as well as their 3rd chart topper.

Twelve months after topping the charts with his debut single, Daniel Bedingfield returned with a slow ballad, "If You're Not The One". It became his 2nd UK No. 1, and his debut album, Gotta Get Thru This, produced five Top 10 singles and six Top 40 hits. Boy band Blue reached the top of the UK charts for the third time, collaborating with Elton John to revive an old hit of his, "Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word".

A notable charity single that reached the top 20 was "Nothing Sacred – A Song for Kirsty" by Russell Watson. The campaign raised money for the Francis House Children's Hospital, and was inspired by Kirsty Howard, an eight-year old with a rare heart condition. The song peaked at number 17 and sales contributed to the £5million target for the Kirsty Appeal achieved in 2006.

Popstars: The Rivals became the new phenomenon in the world of talent shows, producing two new acts, boy band One True Voice and girl group Girls Aloud. They both released their singles in Christmas week and the girls beat the boys to the top spot, claiming the Christmas number one with "Sound of the Underground". Robbie Williams took the Christmas number one album spot yet again with his fifth No. 1 album, Escapology.

Events
Performers included Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, Clapton, Jeff Lynne, Ravi Shankar, and Billy Preston. The event benefitted the Material World Charitable Foundation.
 * 1 January – Eric Clapton marries his 25-year-old American girlfriend in a surprise wedding ceremony at a church in the English village of Ripley, Surrey.
 * 14 January – Adam Ant is committed to a psychiatric hospital two days after being arrested for carrying a firearm into a London pub that Ant claims was fake.
 * 1 March – Singer Doreen Waddell dies after being hit by three vehicles in Shoreham-By-Sea. She was 36.
 * 14 May – We Will Rock You, a jukebox musical based on the songs of Queen, opens at the Dominion Theatre in London's West End.
 * 23 May – The Classical Brits award ceremony takes place. The most successful British performers are Sir Colin Davis, Russell Watson and Guy Johnston.
 * 1 June
 * Graham Coxon leaves Blur during Think Tank's recording sessions, after tensions with the other members mainly due to its alleged alcohol problems and disagreement about the choice of Fatboy Slim as producer. Coxon only contributed in one song, Battery in Your Leg. He was later "replaced" on tour by Simon Tong, former guitarist of The Verve.
 * The Prom at the Palace is held in London to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Performers include the BBC Symphony Orchestra, the BBC Symphony Chorus, Kiri Te Kanawa, Angela Gheorghiu and Roberto Alagna.
 * 3 June – The Libertines release their debut single "What A Waster", which receives very little airplay due to the profanity used in the song. It charts at No.37 in the Official Singles Chart.
 * 11 June – Paul McCartney marries second wife Heather Mills in a lavish ceremony at Castle Leslie in Ireland.
 * 27 June – The Who bassist John Entwistle is found dead in a Las Vegas hotel room on the eve of the band's new tour. He was 57.
 * 30 June – The Glastonbury Festival features headline acts Coldplay, Garbage, Stereophonics, Orbital, Roger Waters, Rod Stewart, and Air.
 * August – Nicola Benedetti wins the "Brilliant Prodigy" Competition, broadcast by Carlton Television.
 * 1 October – Hear'Say split up, 20 months after their formation, and citing "abuse from the public" as their main reason, as well as admitting to being "a passing fad".
 * 29 November – Concert For George is held at the Royal Albert Hall in London, as a memorial to George Harrison on the first anniversary of his death, under the musical direction of friend Eric Clapton.

Television
Howard Goodall follows up his earlier successful TV series Howard Goodall's Big Bangs with Howard Goodall's Great Dates, in which he focused on significant dates in the history of music.

Classical works

 * Derek Bourgeois - Symphony No. 9
 * Peter Maxwell Davies - Naxos Quartet No. 1
 * Patrick Hawes – Blue in Blue
 * Tolga Kashif – Queen Symphony

Film scores and incidental music

 * Patrick Hawes - The Incredible Mrs Ritchie

Deaths

 * 4 January – Peter Hemmings, operatic bass and impresario, 67
 * 7 January – Jon Lee, Feeder drummer, 33 (suicide)
 * 22 January – Peter Bardens, keyboard player, 57
 * 14 February – Mick Tucker, drummer of Sweet, 54
 * 1 March – Doreen Waddell, singer, 36 (car accident)
 * 4 March – Eric Flynn, actor and singer, 62 (cancer)
 * 27 March – Dudley Moore, comedian, composer, pianist and actor, 66 (progressive supranuclear palsy)
 * 3 April – Fad Gadget, singer, 45
 * 15 April – William Reed, pianist and composer, 91
 * 18 April – Cy Laurie, clarinettist and bandleader, 76
 * 7 May – Monica Sinclair, operatic contralto, 77
 * 16 May – James Dewar (musician), Scottish bassist, 59 (stroke)
 * 27 June – John Entwistle, bassist of The Who, 57 (heart attack)
 * 21 July – Gus Dudgeon, music producer, 59 (car accident)
 * 17 August – Tony Zemaitis, guitar maker, 67
 * 27 August – George Mitchell, musician who devised The Black and White Minstrel Show, 85
 * 9 October – Joan Mary Last, music educator, author and composer, 94
 * 17 October – Derek Bell, harpist (The Chieftains), 66
 * 3 November – Lonnie Donegan, skiffle musician, 71
 * 20 November – George Guest, organist and choirmaster of St John's College, Cambridge, 78
 * 27 November – Stanley Black, pianist, bandleader, composer, conductor and arranger, 89
 * 3 December – Sidney Sager, trombonist, conductor and composer, 85
 * 22 December – Joe Strummer, singer and guitarist of The Clash, 50
 * 24 December – Jake Thackray, singer-songwriter, 64 (heart failure).
 * 31 December – Kevin MacMichael, Canadian guitarist of British band Cutting Crew, 51 (lung cancer)
 * date unknown - John McHugh, tenor, 93

BRIT Awards
The 2002 BRIT Awards winners were:

 * Best British Male Solo Artist: Robbie Williams
 * Best British Female Solo Artist: Dido
 * Best British Group: Travis
 * Best British Album: Dido: "No Angel"
 * Best British Dance Act: Basement Jaxx
 * Best British Newcomer: Blue
 * Best International Male: Shaggy
 * Best International Female: Kylie Minogue
 * Best International Group: Destiny's Child
 * Best International Newcomer: The Strokes
 * Best International Album: Kylie Minogue – "Fever"
 * Best British Video: So Solid Crew – "21 Seconds"
 * Best British Single: S Club 7 – "Don't Stop Movin'"
 * Best Pop Act: Westlife
 * Outstanding Contribution: Sting

Classical BRITS

 * Female Artist of the Year – Cecilia Bartoli
 * Male Artist of the Year – Sir Colin Davis
 * Album of the Year – Russell Watson – Encore
 * Ensemble/Orchestral Album of the Year – Richard Hickox and London Symphony Orchestra – Vaughan Williams, A London Symphony
 * Contemporary Music Award – Tan Dun – Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
 * Young British Classical Performer – Guy Johnston
 * Critics' Award – Sir Colin Davis and London Symphony Orchestra – Berlioz, Les Troyens
 * Biggest-selling Classical Album – Russell Watson – Encore
 * Outstanding Contribution to Music – Andrea Bocelli

Mercury Music Prize
The 2002 Mercury Music Prize was awarded to Ms. Dynamite – A Little Deeper

Record of the Year
The Record of the Year was awarded to "Unchained Melody" by Gareth Gates.

title: 2002 in British music


text:
Oak Hill (James Monroe house)

Oak Hill is a mansion and plantation located in Aldie, Virginia that was for 22 years a home of Founding Father James Monroe, the fifth U.S. President. It is located approximately 9 mi south of Leesburg on U.S. Route 15, in an unincorporated area of Loudoun County, Virginia. Its entrance is 10300 ft north of Gilberts Corner, the intersection of 15 with U.S. Route 50. It is a National Historic Landmark, but privately owned and not open to the public.

History
The main mansion of the property was constructed in 1822 for James Monroe, who subsequently split time between this estate and another home at Monroe Hill on the grounds of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia after his term as the nation's fifth president. Oak Hill was Monroe's only residence for three years, from 1827 to 1830, and it was one of his residences during 22 years. The mansion was built in 1820, during Monroe's presidency. Before that, Monroe's residence at the estate was the clapboard building known in recent years as the Monroe Cottage.

The architecture is distinctive for "its unusual pentastyle portico". It is suggested that Thomas Jefferson, his close friend, may well have drawn plans for Oak Hill; the construction was supervised by James Hoban, designer and builder of the White House. Aside from the main house, other structures remaining from Monroe's time include the cottage, a smokehouse, springhouse, blacksmith's shop, a square barn, the stone Stallion Barn, and possibly the Brick House. The estate is a designated U.S. National Historic Landmark.

Purchase
Monroe and his uncle Joseph Jones jointly purchased 4,400 acres (18 km2) of land in Loudoun County in 1794. When Jones died without direct heirs in 1805, Monroe gained sole possession of the property. However, Monroe continued to live primarily at Highland, his residence in Albemarle County—until 1826, when he was forced to sell that property to pay debts he had incurred while serving as president.

Attempted sale
Monroe had put Oak Hill on the market in 1809, and placed an advertisement in The Washingtonian on December 23 of that year:

He also attempted to sell the land in 1825, but failed to receive an acceptable bid both times.

Retirement
In 1822, Monroe began construction on the main house, a two-story brick mansion in the Federal style. He hired James Hoban, the designer of the White House, to serve as architect. Monroe's longtime friend and political mentor Thomas Jefferson offered many design suggestions.

Monroe and his wife, Elizabeth Kortright Monroe, retired to Oak Hill after he finished his second term as president in 1825. In August 1825, the Marquis de Lafayette and President John Quincy Adams were guests of the Monroes there. Elizabeth Monroe died at Oak Hill on September 23, 1830. After her death, Monroe moved to New York City to live with his younger daughter and remained there until his own death on July 4, 1831.

After Monroe's death, the property passed out of the Monroe family. John W. Fairfax, later a lieutenant colonel in the Confederate States Army, bought Oak Hill in 1852. His wife remained there while Fairfax was away fighting in the American Civil War; it was visited by General George G. Meade of the Union Army on the invitation of Mrs. Fairfax about a week prior to the Battle of Gettysburg. The property passed out of the hands of John Fairfax after the war, but was later repurchased by his eldest son, Henry, a civil engineer and state senator. The estate remained in the Fairfax family until after Henry Fairfax's death in 1916. The mansion was enlarged by the addition of two wings in 1922 while owned by Frank C. Littleton and his wife, but the central facade looks much as it did during Monroe's lifetime. The property remains in private hands today and is not open to the public. It became the residence of Tom and Gayle DeLashmutt and their family following the death of the previous owner, Eugene Reed Prendergast, Mr. DeLashmutt's mother, in 1993.

Two U.S. Navy ships have been named USS Oak Hill after the estate.

Potential Museum
In November 2023, the owners of Oak Hill sent a letter to Charles F. Sams III, Director of the National Park Service, requesting the agency to "explore the suitability of designating Oak Hill, the former home of President James Monroe located in Loudoun County, Virginia, as a unit of the National Park System." If successful, the goal would be to transform the house into a museum by the United States Semiquincentennial in 2026.

title: Oak Hill (James Monroe house)


text:
Draculin

Draculin (named after Count Dracula) is a glycoprotein found in the saliva of vampire bats. It is a single-chain polypeptide protein composed of 708 amino acids, weighing about 88.5 kDa when reduced and 83 kDa when non-reduced, and selectively inhibits FIXa and FXa. It functions as an anticoagulant, inhibiting coagulation factors IX (IXa) and X (Xa) by establishing rapid equilibrium with factor Xa, and is the first natural polypeptide which has been described to show immediate anti-IXa and anti-Xa properties. In addition, Draculin inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, preventing fibrinogen from converting to fibrin. These two processes inhibit blood coagulation thus keeping the blood of the bitten victim from clotting while the bat is drinking. The activation of factor X is a common point between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Activated factor X (FXa) is the sole enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of prothrombine into thrombin, which is vital in the coagulation cascade. Draculin is a member of the Lactoferrin family of proteins that functions as an antibacterial protein in other mammals, but has been co-opted in bat evolution to function as an anticoagulant.

Draculin is a noncompetitive, tight-binding inhibitor of FXa. The inhibition upon contact with the blood of the victim is immediate. Draculin forms equimolar complexes with factor FXa. The formation of draculin-factor Xa is a two-stage process. The first reversible stage is characterized by the following constants: k1 = 1.117*106 M-1*sec-1, k-1 = 15.388*10-1 sec-1. The second irreversible (concentration-independent) stage is characterized by the forward reaction rate constant k2 = 0.072 sec-1. The dissociation constant is determined as the ratio k-1/k1 = 13.76 nM. Because of the immediate inhibition, the reaction is not readily reversible initially, but is a reversible reaction. It does not act on thrombin, trypsin or chymotrypsin and does not express fibrinolytic activity. The protein increases the lag phase as well as the height of the peak of thrombin generation when in plasma, leading to prolonged bleeding. The biological activity of Draculin is highly dependent on glycosylation of the native protein and can be severely affected by the salivation pattern of the animals.

Daily salivation of vampire bats yields a saliva that progressively decreases in anticoagulant activity. However, there is no significant change in overall protein content during this time. After a 4-day period of rest, anticoagulant activity of the saliva is restored. In addition, purified native draculin, obtained from high- and low-activity saliva, shows significant differences in composition of the carbohydrate moiety, and glycosylation pattern. Furthermore, controlled chemical de-glycosylation of native draculin progressively leads to complete loss of the biological activity, despite the conditions leaving the polypeptide backbone intact. These results suggest that oligosaccharides linked to draculin are essential for it to express against Fxa. In addition, it suggests that draculin is actually secreted as a mixture of glycoforms. The final anticoagulant activity of draculin then, in turn, relies on correct glycosylation, implying that glycosylation is the limiting step for production of draculin with optimal anticoagulant properties. In this regard, the appropriate glycosylation of draculin may be in part responsible for the dual, independent, inhibitory action of native draculin on FIXa and FXa, suggesting a novel mechanism of inhibition which is different from other known natural inhibitors of FXa.

Structure
Draculin is a single-chain protein composed of 708 amino acids, weighing about 83 kDa with a pI of 4.1-4.2. When reduced, the gel electrophoresis data indicates a slightly higher molecular mass suggesting intra-chain disulphide bonds.

There are two different structural forms of draculin. However, the two forms do not significantly differ from the other. Both structures are able to and do bind to coagulation factors IXa and Xa. The main difference is evident in inhibition activity. One structural form will inhibit factor IXa and the other Xa. The inhibitory activity of one factor is not affected by the presence of the other. FXa-Draculin complex is a two-step mechanism that, through experimental conditions, is reversible.

title: Draculin


text:
Gunnar Wennerberg

Gunnar Wennerberg (2 October 1817 – 24 August 1901) was a Swedish poet, composer and politician.

Biography
Wennerberg was the son of the vicar of the town of Lidköping in Västergötland, went to gymnasium in the cathedral town of Skara, and matriculated as a student at Uppsala University in 1837, where he studied natural sciences, Classical philology, Philosophy and Aesthetics. He received his filosofie magister degree in 1845 and became a docent of Aesthetics in 1846.

Wennerberg was remarkable in several ways, handsome in face and tall in figure, with a finely trained singing voice, and brilliant in wit and conversation. From the outset of his career he was accepted in the inner circle of men of light and leading for which the university was at that time famous. In 1843 he became a member of the musical club who called themselves The Juvenals, and for their meetings were written the trios and duets, music and words, which Wennerberg began to publish in 1846. In the following year appeared the earliest numbers of Gluntarne (or "The Boys"), thirty duets for baritone and bass, which continued to be issued from 1847 to 1850. The success of these remarkable productions, masterpieces in two arts, was overwhelming: they presented an epitome of all that was most unusual and most attractive in the curious university life of Sweden.

In the second volume of his collected works Wennerberg gave, long afterwards, a very interesting account of the inception and history of these celebrated duets. His great personal popularity, as the representative Swedish student, did not prevent him, however, from pursuing his studies, and he became an authority on Spinoza. In 1850 he first travelled through Sweden, singing and reciting in public, and his tour was a long popular triumph. In 1860 he published his collected trios, as De tre ("The Three"). In 1865, at the particular wish of the king, Charles XV, Wennerberg entered official life in the department of elementary education.

Wennerberg succeeded Christian Eric Fahlcrantz in 1866 as one of the eighteen of the Swedish Academy, and in 1870 became minister of education and ecclesiastical affairs in the cabinet of Axel Gustaf Adlercreutz, upon the fall of which in 1875 he retired for a time into private life. He was, however, made governor (landshövding) of Kronoberg County, and shortly afterward was elected to represent it in the Riksdag. His active parliamentary life continued until he was nearly eighty years of age. In 1881 and 1885 he issued his collected works, mainly in verse. He was yet again appointed minister of education and ecclesiastical affairs, for a second and final time in 1888, and served in office to 1891. After his resignation as a cabinet minister, he was then elected to the upper house of the Riksdag in 1893.

Wennerberg preserved his superb appearance in advanced old age, and he died, after a very short illness, on 24 August 1901, at Läckö Castle, where he was visiting his brother-in-law, Count Axel Rudenschöld. His wife, the Countess Hedvig Cronstedt, whom he married in 1852, died in 1900. Wennerberg was a most remarkable type of the lyrical, ardent Swedish aristocrat, full of the joy of life and the beauty of it. In the long roll of his eighty-four years there was scarcely a crumpled rose-leaf. His poems, to which their musical accompaniment is almost essential, have not ceased, in half a century, to be universally pleasing to Swedish ears; outside Sweden it would be difficult to make their peculiarly local charm intelligible.

Relatives
Wennerberg's niece Sara Wennerberg-Reuter (1875–1959) was also a well-known musician; she was an organist and composer. His younger brother, Gunnar Brynolf Wennerberg was an artist.

title: Gunnar Wennerberg


text: User talk:128.100.46.119

title: User talk:128.100.46.119