text:
User:Topbanana/Reports/This page contains a link that might be mis-punctuated/Exceptions

This page contains a list of incorrect suggestions produced by prior instancess of this report. They are listed here to allow them to be easily filtered out of subsequent instances.

It is presented in the format:

"article title the suggestion was for", "original text of the red link", "suggested replacement for the red link"

"1828 in literature", "The Mummy!", "The Mummy" "1890 in literature", "Alas!", "Alas" "1919 in music", "Eastward, Ho!", "Eastward Ho" "1929 in film", "Hallelujah!", "Hallelujah" "1961 in music", "Carnival!", "Carnival" "1962 in music", "Blitz!", "Blitz" "1968 in film", "Star!", "Star" "1968 in music", "Star!", "Star" "1975 in music", "Live (album)", "Live album" "1975 in music", "Live!", "Live" "1986 in music", "Zebra/3.V", "Zebra/3.V." "1987 in music", "Rock N' Roll", "Rock N Roll" "1992 in music", "Peng!", "Peng" "1996 Golden Raspberry Awards", "Bio-dome", "Biodome" "1996", "Peter C Doherty", "Peter C. Doherty" "1997 Golden Raspberry Awards", "Fathers' Day", "Father's Day" "1st Canadian parliament", "Kings (electoral district)", "King's (electoral district)" "1st Canadian parliament", "Queens (electoral district)", "Queen's (electoral district)" "2005 in film", "Spy-Hunter", "SpyHunter" "20th Century Fox", "Star!", "Star" "21st century", "2102", "2-10-2" "21st century", "2104", "2-10-4" "22nd century", "2102", "2-10-2" "22nd century", "2104", "2-10-4" "7th millennium", "6001", "6.001" "A. R. Rahman", "Indian (movie)", "Indian movie" "Alfred Hitchcock", "Murder!", "Murder" "All Eyez on Me", "Michel'le", "Michelle" "Allman Brothers Band", "Allen Woody", "Allen, Woody" "Alpha Epsilon Pi", "Southern Illinois University*", "Southern Illinois University" "Amiel Daemion", "Tonight", "Tonight!" "Amiga games", "Batman The Movie", "Batman: The Movie" "Animated series", "C.O.P.S.", "COPS" "Anna Faris", "Waiting...", "Waiting" "Antonio Todde", "Tiana", "Ti'ana" "Aquarium Rescue Unit", "Allen Woody", "Allen, Woody" "Arno Hintjens", "Arno", "Arno" "Arthur Hailey", "Detective (novel)", "Detective novel" "Arthur Kennedy", "Boomerang!", "Boomerang" "B-side", "A-side", "Aside" "Babyshambles", "Wolfman", "Wolf-man" "Banana Yoshimoto", "Kitchen (Stories)", "Kitchen Stories" "Barry White", "Beware!", "Be-ware" "Bass Highway, Tasmania", "Re-alignment", "Realignment" "Batman: The Animated Series", "SubZero", "Sub-Zero" "Bear Lake", "Bear Lake (Michigan)", "Bear Lake, Michigan" "Beaver Creek", "Beaver Creek (Minnesota)", "Beaver Creek, Minnesota" "Beer (Mars crater)", "Schiaparelli crater", "Schiaparelli (crater)" "Bess Flowers", "Hollywood (movie)", "Hollywood movie" "Bettina Rheims", "I.N.R.I.", "INRI" "Big River", "Big River (California)", "Big River, California" "Birch Creek", "Birch Creek (Alaska)", "Birch Creek, Alaska" "Bitter (beer)", "Bank's", "Banks" "Black River", "Black River (Michigan)", "Black River, Michigan" "Black River, Michigan", "Black River (Michigan)", "Black River, Michigan" "Blue River", "Blue River (Wisconsin)", "Blue River, Wisconsin" "Bob Marley", "Live!", "Live" "Bobby Seale", "Reach!", "Reach" "Box Car Racer", "Side-band", "Sideband" "Boxer TV Access", "Star!", "Star" "Boy band", "W-inds", "Winds" "Boyd Rice", "Might!", "Might" "Boyd Rice", "Pranks!", "Pranks" "Brian Keith", "Villa!", "Villa" "Brickwork", "Red-brick", "Redbrick" "British Comedy Awards 1996", "Woof!", "Woof" "Broadcast translator", "Warning", "Warning:" "Buildings and sites of Salt Lake City, Utah", "St. Mark's Cathedral", "St Mark's Cathedral" "Calhoun County, Michigan", "Lakeview Michigan", "Lakeview, Michigan" "Canada at the 1904 Summer Olympics", "Lightfoot", "Lightfoot!" "Canibus", "2000 B.C.", "2000 BC" "Canning, Western Australia", "Queens Park", "Queen's Park" "Canter & Siegel", "St Mary's University", "St. Mary's University" "Carol Lynn Maillard", "Hallelujah!", "Hallelujah" "Casablanca (movie)", "Play It Again, Sam", "Play It Again Sam" "Celtic League (Rugby Union)", "Knock-out", "Knockout" "Charlie Chaplin", "Police!", "Police" "Chevy Chase Heights, Pennsylvania", "White Township Indiana County Pennsylvania", "White Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania" "China National Highway 106", "Gu'an", "Guan" "China National Highway", "Ji'an", "Jian" "China telephone numbering plan", "Ji'an", "Jian" "Chris Moore", "Waiting...", "Waiting" "Christian hip hop", "G.R.I.T.S.", "GRITS" "CHUM Limited", "Bravo!", "Bravo" "CHUM Limited", "Star!", "Star" "City of Tea Tree Gully", "St. Agnes", "St Agnes" "Civil defense siren", "Warning", "Warning:" "Clear Lake (region)", "Clear Lake (Texas)", "Clear Lake, Texas" "Clear Lake City, Houston, Texas", "Clear Lake (Texas)", "Clear Lake, Texas" "Clive Cussler", "Dragon (book)", "Dragon book" "Cookie Monster", "Cookie Monster!", "Cookie Monster" "Crazy Horse (band)", "Re-ac-tor", "Reactor" "Creditary economics", "Debt economics", "Debt (economics)" "Criterion Collection Releases", "Burn!", "Burn" "Crystal River", "Crystal River (Florida)", "Crystal River, Florida" "Curved Air", "Airconditioning", "Air-conditioning" "Dana Andrews", "Boomerang!", "Boomerang" "Dana Andrews", "Zero Hour!", "Zero Hour" "David Cronenberg", "Tourettes", "Tourette's" "David Mamet", "About Last Night...", "About Last Night" "David Merrick", "Play It Again, Sam", "Play It Again Sam" "Deaths in 2002", "Gunfight at OK Corral", "Gunfight at O.K. Corral" "Desmond Dekker", "Wilson James", "Wilson, James" "Diane Keaton", "Play It Again, Sam", "Play It Again Sam" "DICT", "V.E.R.A.", "VERA" "DJ Laz", "Untitled", "Untitled!" "Djibouti district", "'Arta", "Arta" "Do As Infinity", "Week!", "Week" "Documentary film", "Baseball (movie)", "Baseball movie" "Donzaleigh Abernathy", ""King"", "King" "Douglass Dumbrille", "Cardinal Richelieu,", "Cardinal Richelieu" "Dr. Guillermo Haro", "Tauri", "Tau'ri" "Dr. Seuss", "Happy Birthday to You!", "Happy Birthday to You" "Dr. Seuss", "Liberty magazine", "Liberty (magazine)" "Dusty Hughes (playwright)", "Jenkin's Ear", "Jenkins Ear" "E-FIT", "EFIT", "E-FIT" "Eagle River", "Eagle River (Wisconsin)", "Eagle River, Wisconsin" "East Side, West Side: Tales of New York Sporting Life 1910-1960", "Queens Park", "Queen's Park" "Either", "Either-or", "Either/or" "Elephant (disambiguation)", "Elephant (chess)", "Elephant chess" "Elk River", "Elk River (Minnesota)", "Elk River, Minnesota" "Elomar Figueira de Mello", "Root music", "Root (music)" "English River (Ontario)", "English River, Ontario", "English River (Ontario)" "English River", "English River, Ontario", "English River (Ontario)" "Epitaph Records", "Business (band)", "Business band" "Erik Kretz", "Talkshow", "Talk-show" "Esperanto music", "Team'", "Team" "Eurodance", "Sash!", "Sash" "Eurovision Song Contest 1992", "Wind (band)", "Wind band" "Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing", "PlayDoh", "Play-Doh" "Expressways of Beijing", "Gu'an", "Guan" "Fan clutch", "Bi-metallic", "Bimetallic" "Fountains Abbey", "Chapter-house", "Chapterhouse" "Foxy Brown", "Total (group)", "Total group" "Gansu", "Wuwei", "Wu-wei" "Garage", "Garage (band)", "Garage band" "Garden River", "Garden River, Ontario", "Garden River (Ontario)" "Gov't Mule", "Allen Woody", "Allen, Woody" "Grammy Award for Best Album Notes", "Nelson George", "Nelson, George" "Grammy Awards of 1992", "Nelson George", "Nelson, George" "Grand River", "Grand River (Ohio)", "Grand River, Ohio" "Ha'il province", "Ha'il", "Hail" "Hadash", "Ta'al", "Taal" "Hama", "Sam'al", "Samal" "Heparin", "APTT", "APT-T" "History of the political divisions of China", "Wuwei", "Wu-wei" "Hojok", "Sona", "Son'a" "Homophobia", "Student newspaper", "Student (newspaper)" "Hospital Corporation of America", "Tri-Star", "TriStar" "Ichitaro", "PC-100", "PC100" "Indian", "Indian (movie)", "Indian movie" "List of cocktails", "Jones' Beach", "Jones Beach" "List of colleges and universities in the United States", "St. John's College Santa Fe", "St. John's College, Santa Fe" "List of colleges and universities starting with A", "Art Center, College of Design", "Art Center College of Design" "List of colleges and universities starting with C", "Carroll College, Montana", "Carroll College (Montana)" "List of colleges and universities starting with R", "Regional Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur", "Regional Institute of Technology Jamshedpur" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Bonaventure University", "St. Bonaventure University" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Cloud State University", "St. Cloud State University" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Edward's University", "St. Edward's University" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Francis Xavier University", "St. Francis Xavier University" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Lawrence University", "St. Lawrence University" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Norbert College", "St. Norbert College" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Olaf College", "St. Olaf College" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Patrick's College Maynooth", "St. Patrick's College, Maynooth" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Paul's College", "St. Paul's College" "List of colleges and universities starting with S", "St Thomas University", "St. Thomas University" "List of colleges and universities starting with T", "Technion, Israel Institute of Technology", "Technion Israel Institute of Technology" "List of colleges and universities starting with U", "University of Hawai'i at Hilo", "University of Hawaii at Hilo" "List of colleges and universities starting with U", "University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth", "University of Massachusetts Dartmouth" "List of colleges and universities starting with U", "University of Minnesota, Morris", "University of Minnesota Morris" "La Secta AllStar", "AllStar", "All-Star" "Lacrosse at the 1904 Summer Olympics", "Lightfoot", "Lightfoot!" "Lalo Schifrin", "Rhino!", "Rhino" "Larry Norman", "People!", "People" "League Cup", "St Andrew's", "St. Andrew's" "Leslie Cheung", "Untitled", "Untitled!" "Lewis Stone", "You're Only Young Once", "You're Only Young Once..." "Lighthouse Design", "Diagram!", "Diagram" "Liminka", "12-31", "1231" "List of active Navy ships, sorted by homeport", "USS Vincennes (CG-49", "USS Vincennes (CG-49)" "List of administrative divisions of Hebei", "Gu'an", "Guan" "List of administrative divisions of Heilongjiang", "Yi'an", "Yian" "List of administrative divisions of Jilin", "Da'an", "Da-an" "List of Alaska rivers", "Birch Creek (Alaska", "Birch Creek, Alaska" "List of Amiga games", "Donk!", "Donk" "List of Amiga games", "Goal!", "Goal" "List of Amiga games", "Gridiron!", "Gridiron" "List of Amiga games", "Murder!", "Murder" "List of Amiga games", "T-Zero", "TZero" "List of Amiga games", "Vette!", "Vette" "List of Arab localities in Palestine 1948", "Ra'na", "Rana" "List of Arab localities in Palestine 1948", "Sa'sa'", "Sasa" "List of Arab localities in Palestine 1948", "Sar'a", "Sara" "List of Arabian Houses", "Ha'il", "Hail" "List of Arabian Houses", "Hasa", "Has-a" "List of armoured fighting vehicles of the WWII", "T-50", "T.50" "List of assets owned by Bertelsmann", "News (magazine)", "News magazine" "List of Atari 2600 games", "H.E.R.O.", "HERO" "List of Atari 2600 games", "Oink!", "Oink" "List of Australian independent bands, 1976-1992", "Bored!", "Bored" "List of Australian independent bands, 1976-1992", "Surprise Surprise", "Surprise, Surprise" "List of Australian musicians", "Bored!", "Bored" "List of Australian musicians", "Ninetynine", "Ninety-nine" "List of Australian musicians", "Surprise Surprise", "Surprise, Surprise" "List of BBC Radio 4 Programmes", "What If..?", "What If...?" "List of Biblical names", "Heman", "He-man" "List of birds of The Gambia", "Cut-throat", "Cutthroat" "List of Brazilian musicians", "IRA!", "I.R.A." "List of breakfast cereals", "Kaboom", "Kaboom!" "List of British television channels", "Shop!", "Shop" "List of Britpop musicians", "Wake Up!", "Wake Up" "List of Canadian television channels", "Star!", "Star" "List of chess engines", "Elephant (chess)", "Elephant chess" "List of cities in Bahrain", "'Isa", "Is-a" "List of cities in California", "Central Valley, California", "Central Valley (California)" "List of cities in California", "Mt Shasta, California", "Mt. Shasta, California" "List of cities in California", "Smith River, California", "Smith River (California)" "List of cities in Saudi Arabia", "Ha'il", "Hail" "List of cities in Ukraine", "Novomoskovs'k", "Novomoskovsk" "List of city nicknames", "Smith River, California", "Smith River (California)" "List of ColecoVision games", "H.E.R.O.", "HERO" "List of commercial brands of beer", "Bass (beer)", "Bass beer" "List of craters on Ganymede", "Ash&", "A.s.h" "List of craters on Mars", "Cassini (crater)", "Cassini crater" "List of craters on Mars", "Janssen (crater)", "Janssen crater" "List of craters on Mars", "Kuiper (crater)", "Kuiper crater" "List of craters on Mars", "Lachute, Quebec", "Lachute Quebec" "List of craters on Mars", "Lamont (crater)", "Lamont crater" "List of craters on Mars", "Lins", "Lin---s" "List of craters on Mars", "Nicholson (crater)", "Nicholson crater" "List of craters on Mars", "Very (crater)", "Very crater" "List of craters on the Moon", "Bobillier (crater)", "Bobillier crater" "List of craters on the Moon", "Hanno (crater)", "Hanno crater" "List of craters on the Moon", "Leonid Isaakovich Mandel'shtam", "Leonid Isaakovich Mandelshtam" "List of DC Comics publications", "Legionnaires", "Legionnaire's" "List of DiC Entertainment television shows and specials", "C.O.P.S.", "COPS" "List of Dreamcast games", "Marvel VS Capcom", "Marvel VS. Capcom" "List of Dungeons & Dragons modules", "Quagmire!", "Quagmire" "List of English-language movies based on foreign-language movies", "Fathers' Day", "Father's Day" "List of Famicom games", "S.E.I.", "SE-I" "List of Famicom games", "Wit's", "Wits" "List of fiction set in Chicago", "E/R (television)", "ER (television)" "List of fictional U.S. Presidents", "Mafia!", "Mafia" "List of films noir", "Play It Again, Sam", "Play It Again Sam" "List of films: U.S. box office bombs", "Inchon!", "Inch'on" "List of Frasier episodes", "Docu.Drama", "Docu-Drama" "List of Frasier episodes", "Liar! Liar!", "Liar Liar" "List of French language television channels", "TSR2", "TSR-2" "List of French television series", "Vivement Dimanche", "Vivement Dimanche!" "List of GameCube games", "Jimmy Neutron Boy Genius", "Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius" "List of geological features on 433 Eros", "Tai-yu", "Taiyu" "List of German language television channels", "Phoenix (TV)", "Phoenix TV" "List of ghost towns", "French River, Ontario", "French River (Ontario)" "List of Gulag camps", "Astrachan", "Astrachan'" "List of Gulag camps", "Guryev", "Gur'yev" "List of H games", "Moon.", "Moon" "List of hardcore punk bands", "Dr Know", "Dr. Know" "List of hardcore punk bands", "G.G. Allin", "GG Allin" "List of hereditary baronies", "1980)", "1980" "List of highest points of Canadian provinces and territories", "Queen's County, Prince Edward Island", "Queens County, Prince Edward Island" "List of highest-grossing films", "Rambo, First Blood Part II", "Rambo: First Blood Part II" "List of Illinois rivers", "Apple River (Illinois)", "Apple River, Illinois" "List of J-Pop artists:A", "Al.ni.co", "Alnico" "List of J-Pop artists:E", "E.mu", "E-mu" "List of J-Pop artists:E", "Ever*green", "Evergreen" "List of J-Pop artists:M", "Melody.", "Melody" "List of J-Pop artists:W", "Wish*", "Wish" "List of Kansas rivers", "Fall River (Kansas)", "Fall River, Kansas" "List of Linux games", "4inarow", "4-in-a-row" "List of London's gentlemans' clubs", "White's", "Whites" "List of Mafia movies", "Mafia!", "Mafia" "List of Michigan rivers", "Black River (Michigan)", "Black River, Michigan" "List of ministers of the environment", "03-04", "0304" "List of ministers of the environment", "10-13", "1013" "List of ministers of the environment", "10-15", "1015" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-02", "1102" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-03", "1103" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-04", "1104" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-05", "1105" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-06", "1106" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-08", "1108" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-14", "1114" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-26", "1126" "List of ministers of the environment", "11-28", "1128" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-04", "1204" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-05", "1205" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-07", "1207" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-08", "1208" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-10", "1210" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-12", "1212" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-13", "1213" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-14", "1214" "List of ministers of the environment", "12-15", "1215" "List of Mississippi rivers", "Pearl River (Mississippi)", "Pearl River, Mississippi" "List of Motorola products", "I205", "I-205" "List of Motorola products", "I710", "I-710" "List of municipalities in Barcelona", "Tiana", "Ti'ana" "List of municipalities in Zamora", "Villalobos", "Villa-lobos" "List of National Wild and Scenic Rivers", "Birch Creek (Alaska", "Birch Creek, Alaska" "List of National Wild and Scenic Rivers", "Black River (Michigan)", "Black River, Michigan" "List of Native Americans", "Hayowentha", "Ha-yo-went'-ha" "List of NC-17 rated films", "Fantasy (film)", "Fantasy film" "List of NES games", "S.E.I.", "SE-I" "List of NES games", "Street Gangs (video game", "Street Gangs (video game)" "List of North American named passenger trains (N-Z)", "Whippoorwill", "Whip-poor-will" "List of novelists", "(1959)", "1959" "List of novelists", "1942)", "1942" "List of numbers", "1 E-4", "1 E4" "List of numbers", "1 E-5", "1 E5" "List of numbers", "1 E-7", "1 E7" "List of numbers", "1 E-8", "1 E8" "List of P Funk members", "George Clinton & the P.Funk AllStars", "George Clinton & the P.Funk All-Stars" "List of Palestinian refugee camps", "Far'a", "Fara" "List of Perth suburbs", "Queens Park", "Queen's Park" "List of PlayStation 2 games", "Mojo!", "Mojo" "List of PlayStation games", "Monster's, Inc.", "Monsters, Inc" "List of porn stars who appeared in mainstream films", "Glitch!", "Glitch" "List of progressive rock musicians", "No-man", "Noman" "List of radio stations in New Jersey", "WPUR", "WP:UR" "List of radio stations in Ohio", "WPFB", "WP:FB" "List of radio stations in Ontario", "Pigeon River, Ontario", "Pigeon River (Ontario)" "List of radio stations in Ontario", "Seine River, Ontario", "Seine River (Ontario)" "List of regional Burning Man events", "Toast!", "Toast" "List of rivers in Ireland", "King's River", "Kings River" "List of rock and roll albums", "Live!", "Live" "List of rock and roll albums", "Stand!", "Stand" "List of Royal Canadian Air Force stations", "Loreto, Italy", "Loreto (Italy)" "List of saints by name:A", "St. Aubin", "St Aubin" "List of Sega CD games", "Panic!", "Panic" "List of sets of unrelated songs with identical titles", "Sash!", "Sash" "List of sets of unrelated songs with identical titles", "SR71", "SR-71" "List of SNES games", "Goal!", "Goal" "List of SNES games", "Hi-Tech", "HiTech" "List of songs by name: An", "Hello!", "Hello" "List of songs by name: Be-Bg", "Wednesday Morning 3 AM", "Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M." "List of songs by name: Bh-Bi", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs by name: Bh-Bi", "King's Road", "Kings Road" "List of songs by name: Bj-Bl", "Franks Wild Years", "Frank's Wild Years" "List of songs by name: C0-Ca", "Hello!", "Hello" "List of songs by name: Cj-Cl", "Hello!", "Hello" "List of songs by name: Db-De", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs by name: Do", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs by name: Fo", "Hello!", "Hello" "List of songs by name: Ge", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs by name: I", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs by name: If", "The Razors Edge", "The Razor's Edge" "List of songs by name: J", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs by name: J", "Fandango!", "Fandango" "List of songs by name: K", "The 101'ers", "The 101er's" "List of songs by name: K", "Third-Sister Lovers", "Third/Sister Lovers" "List of songs by name: Lb-Le", "Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman, Howe", "Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe" "List of songs by name: Lb-Le", "The Razors Edge", "The Razor's Edge" "List of songs by name: Lo", "Fandango!", "Fandango" "List of songs by name: Mb-Me", "Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman, Howe", "Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe" "List of songs by name: Mb-Me", "Fandango!", "Fandango" "List of songs by name: Mi-Mn", "Surfers' Choice", "Surfer's Choice" "List of songs by name: Mi-Mn", "The Razors Edge", "The Razor's Edge" "List of songs by name: Mo", "The Razors Edge", "The Razor's Edge" "List of songs by name: N0-Nd", "Fandango!", "Fandango" "List of songs by name: No", "Attack!!", "Attack" "List of songs by name: O", "Third-Sister Lovers", "Third/Sister Lovers" "List of songs by name: Oq-Or", "Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman, Howe", "Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe" "List of songs by name: Pb-Pe", "Mirror Mirror", "Mirror, Mirror" "List of songs by name: Q", "Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman, Howe", "Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe" "List of songs by name: R0-Rd", "The Razors Edge", "The Razor's Edge" "List of songs by name: Re", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs by name: Re", "Hello!", "Hello" "List of songs by name: Ro", "Hello!", "Hello" "List of songs by name: Ro", "The Razors Edge", "The Razor's Edge" "List of songs by name: Sg-Sh", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs by name: Sg-Sh", "The Razors Edge", "The Razor's Edge" "List of songs by name: Sm-Sn", "Yeah!", "Yeah" "List of songs by name: So", "Hello!", "Hello" "List of songs by name: Tb-Tg", "Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman, Howe", "Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe" "List of songs by name: Th", "Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman, Howe", "Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe" "List of songs by name: Th", "Fandango!", "Fandango" "List of songs by name: Th", "The Razors Edge", "The Razor's Edge" "List of songs by name: Ts-Tu", "Fandango!", "Fandango" "List of songs by name: V", "Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman, Howe", "Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe" "List of songs by name: Y", "1-9-8-2", "1982" "List of songs covered by the band Pearl Jam", "J Frank Wilson", "J. Frank Wilson" "List of songs whose title includes personal names", "Oliver", "Oliver!" "List of state leaders in 1816", "Isma'il Khan", "Ismail Khan" "List of subjects investigated by the FBI", "Gay Activists Alliance", "Gay Activists' Alliance" "List of subjects investigated by the FBI", "Sacco/Vanzetti Case", "Sacco-Vanzetti Case" "List of Sydney suburbs", "Queens Park", "Queen's Park" "List of Sydney suburbs", "St Clair", "St. Clair" "List of Sydney suburbs", "St Peters", "St. Peters" "List of television shows set in Chicago", "E/R (television)", "ER (television)" "List of television stations in Indiana", "WPTA", "WP:TA" "List of television stations in Kentucky", "WPSD", "WP:SD" "List of television stations in Montana", "KPAX", "K-PAX" "List of television stations in Ontario", "Seine River, Ontario", "Seine River (Ontario)" "List of television stations in Pennsylvania", "WPCB", "WP:CB" "List of television stations in Pennsylvania", "WPMT", "WP:MT" "List of television stations in Pennsylvania", "WPSG", "WP:SG" "List of toponyms", "Limburg(er)", "Limburger" "List of toponyms", "Parme(san)", "Parmesan" "List of Toronto media outlets", "Star! TV", "Star TV" "List of Turbo CD games", "Bastard!", "Bastard" "List of UK radio programs", "Hoax!", "Hoax" "List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons", "VC-10", "VC10" "List of Unix programs", "Readonly", "Read-only" "List of Urdu language poets", "Josh", "Josh." "List of villages destroyed during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war", "Ra'na", "Rana" "List of villages destroyed during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war", "Sa'sa'", "Sasa" "List of villages destroyed during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war", "Sar'a", "Sara" "List of Virginia rivers", "Saint Marys River", "Saint Mary's River" "List of ZIP Codes in California", "Alta, California", "Alta California" "Literature of the United States", "Go Down, Moses", "Go Down Moses" "Local Government Areas of Queensland", "Crow's Nest", "Crows Nest" "Lochlin Struan", "Tai-pan", "Taipan" "Love Finds Andy Hardy", "You're Only Young Once", "You're Only Young Once..." "Lysimachia", "Crimean Peninsula", "Crimean Peninsula," "Maresme", "Tiana", "Ti'ana" "Maschinenfest", "S.alt", "Salt" "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "2.007", "2007" "May 11", "Go Down, Moses", "Go Down Moses" "May 8", "St. Pierre", "St Pierre" "McCoy Tyner", "Impulse!", "Impulse" "Melanie Griffith", "Smith!", "Smith" "Method Man", "Blackout!", "Black-out" "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer", "Boys' Town", "Boys Town" "Michael Moore", "And Justice for All", "...And Justice for All" "Microcar", "Power-Drive", "PowerDrive" "Microsoft Visual Studio", "/Development stage", "Development stage" "Midas Interactive Entertainment", "Freak Out", "Freak Out!" "Milk River (Montana)", "Milk River, Alberta", "Milk River (Alberta)" "Minor planet", "Ceres asteroid", "Ceres (asteroid)" "Moby-Dick", "Moby Dick!", "Moby Dick" "Moses Znaimer", "Bravo!", "Bravo" "Moses Znaimer", "Star!", "Star" "Muhammad", "Mu'ta", "Muta" "Municipalities of Hidalgo", "Francisco I Madero", "Francisco I. Madero" "Music of Cambodia", "Ching", "Ch'ing" "Music of Texas", "Legionaire's Disease", "Legionaires Disease" "Music of the United States (1960s and 70s)", "Stand!", "Stand" "Nebula Award for Best Novella", "Bully!", "Bully" "Neil Young", "Re-ac-tor", "Reactor" "Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest", "Re-union", "Reunion" "NetPositive", "Net++", ".Net" "New England Preparatory School Athletic Council", "St. George's School", "St George's School" "Nitro Microphone Underground", "Gore-Tex", "GoreTex" "Nnapulitano", "Toto'", "Toto" "No Woman No Cry", "Live!", "Live" "Numbering plan", "E.210", "E210" "Palanga", "10-15", "1015" "Palanga", "12-31", "1231" "Palearctic", "Temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands", "Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands" "Patricia Cornwell", "Postmortem", "Post-mortem" "Patrick McGoohan", "I-man", "Iman" "Paul Di'Anno", "Live (album)", "Live album" "Paul Mattick", "United Workers Party", "United Workers' Party" "Paul Petard (cartoonist)", "Beano comic", "Beano (comic)" "Paul Reubens", "Man-child", "Manchild" "Paul Winchell", "Frank Marshall.", "Frank Marshall" "Peanuts", "Snoopy!!!", "Snoopy" "Penalty (rugby)", "Drop-out", "Dropout" "Pete Doherty", "Wolfman", "Wolf-man" "Peter Davis", "Bass (beer)", "Bass beer" "Peter of Bruys", "St. Giles", "St Giles" "Peugeot 205", "Super-mini", "Supermini" "PEZ", "Wolfman", "Wolf-man" "Planets in science fiction", "T'ien Shan", "Tien Shan" "Please Please Me", ""Bobby" Scott", "Bobby Scott" "Sherry Jackson", ""Swamp Fox"", "Swamp Fox" "Simon Armitage", "Zoom!", "Zoom" "Sly Stone", "Stand!", "Stand" "Smith River (California)", "Smith River, California", "Smith River (California)" "Smith River", "Smith River, California", "Smith River (California)" "Solon Earl Low", "Peace River, Alberta", "Peace River (Alberta)" "Son Goku (Dragon Ball)", "Zanzo-ken", "Zanzoken" "South River (Neuse River estuary)", "South River, North Carolina", "South River (North Carolina)" "Southern Polytechnic State University", "Student newspaper", "Student (newspaper)" "Soviet armored fighting vehicle production during World War II", "T-50", "T.50" "Star Trek", "'Pirates'", "Pirates" "Stereolab", "Peng!", "Peng" "Store brand", "National brand", "National (brand)" "Suicide Commando", "Re-construction", "Reconstruction" "Sunrise/Back to the Future", "Front-page", "Frontpage" "Suprême NTM", "Untitled", "Untitled!" "Tata Giacobetti", "Show-biz", "Showbiz" "Teen magazine", "Blast!", "Bl'ast" "Television (band)", "All Tomorrow's Parties", "All Tomorrows Parties" "Terence Trent D'Arby", "Wildcard!", "Wildcard" "The Ataris", "So Long Astoria", "So Long, Astoria" "The Complete Robot", "Think!", "Think" "The Fellowship of the Ring (movie)", "Poet's Corner", "Poets' Corner" "The Frames", "Bell X1", "Bell X-1" "The Gambia", "For The Gambia, Our Homeland", "For The Gambia Our Homeland" "The Getaway (video game)", "Hand-gun", "Handgun" "The Goonies: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack", "R.E.O. Speedwagon", "REO Speedwagon" "The Great Game", "Amanu'llah Shah", "Amanullah Shah" "The Greatest Canadian", "Song-writer", "Songwriter" "The Hague", "Lightrail", "Light-rail" "The Hives", "Veni, Vidi, Vicious", "Veni Vidi Vicious" "The Kennedy Curse", "Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.", "Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr." "The King's Regiment (Liverpool)", "St. Julien", "St Julien" "The King's Regiment", "Battle of St Quentin", "Battle of St. Quentin" "The Magic School Bus", "Tag-line", "Tagline" "The Member of the Wedding", "Howard E. Rollins Jr.", "Howard E. Rollins Jr" "The Mescaleros", "Apache tribe", "Apache (tribe)" "The Mexican", "Road movie", "Road (movie)" "The Move", "Booker T. Jones", "Booker T Jones" "The Muppets", "Muppets Tonight!", "Muppets Tonight" "The Nose", "Spy Magazine", "Spy Magazine" "The Others", "Space, Above and Beyond", "Space: Above and Beyond" "The Powerpuff Girls", "Police Squad", "Police Squad!" "The Professionals", "Sex Pistols.", "Sex Pistols" "The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada", "St. Julien", "St Julien" "The Question (album)", "Hell-Cat Records", "HellCat Records" "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll", "The Times They Are A-Changin'", "The Times They Are A-Changin" "The Roots", "VH1 Soul", "VH-1 Soul" "The Saints", "All Fools Day", "All Fools' Day" "The Secret of My Success", ""Mad About You"", "Mad About You" "The Serpent's Lair", "Sampler (musical instrument", "Sampler (musical instrument)" "The Skin Game", "Murder!", "Murder" "The Song of Roland", "Oliver", "Oliver!" "The Technique", "Student newspaper", "Student (newspaper)" "The Tribes of Galway", "Nine Year's War", "Nine Years' War" "The Ventures", "(1962)", "1962" "The Video", "Here Today, Tomorrow Next Week!", "Here Today, Tomorrow, Next Week!" "The Walnut Hill School", "Natick, Massachusetts.", "Natick, Massachusetts" "Thomas Muster", "Queen's", "Queens" "Thor's Hammer", "Heru'ur (Stargate)", "Heru-ur (Stargate)" "Thrash metal", "Vio-lence", "Violence" "Timeline of alternative rock", "Hype!", "Hype" "Toccoa, Georgia", "Paul Anderson.", "Paul Anderson" "Tones on Tail", "Everything!", "Everything" "Tones on Tail", "Something!", "Something" "Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical", "Timbuktu!", "Timbuktu" "Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical", "Timbuktu!", "Timbuktu" "Tony Award for Best Musical", "Swing!", "Swing" "Tony Award for Best Revival", "Timbuktu!", "Timbuktu" "Traffic light", "Warning", "Warning:" "Transportation in Grenada", "Saint George's", "Saint Georges" "TriStar Entertainment", "About Last Night...", "About Last Night" "Turkish literature", "Nef'i", "Nefi" "Twin Cities Public Television", "Liberty!", "Liberty" "White Sheep Turkmen", "Ya'qub", "Yaqub" "Whitehall, Michigan", "White Lake (Michigan)", "White Lake, Michigan" "Whitewater Region, Ontario", "Snake River, Ontario", "Snake River (Ontario)" "Whoopee! (comic)", "Bleep!", "Bleep" "Whyte notation", "2-8-8-0", "2880" "World in Action", "Tonight", "Tonight!" "Wow!", "Bleep!", "Bleep" "Wu (region)", "Kan'on", "Kanon"


text:
Roer

The Roer or Rur (Rur ; Dutch and Roer,, ; Rour ) is a major river that flows through portions of Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. It is a right (eastern) tributary to the Meuse (Maas). About 90 percent of the river's course is in Germany.

It is not to be confused with the rivers Ruhr and Röhr, which are tributaries of the Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia.

Geography
The Roer rises in the High Fens, near the 696 m high Signal de Botrange in Belgium at an elevation of 660 m above sea level. South of Monschau it flows into Germany, through North Rhine-Westphalia. It flows first through the northern part of the Eifel mountains.

After 39 km it reaches the Roer Reservoir, the second-largest artificial lake in Germany. After approximately 160 km it flows into the Netherlands, and at its 170 km mark it flows into the river Meuse in the city of Roermond.

Major tributaries of the Roer include the Inde and the Wurm. The towns along the Roer are Monschau, Heimbach, Nideggen, Düren, Jülich, Linnich, Hückelhoven, Heinsberg (all in Germany) and Roermond (Netherlands).

In the 1960s and 1970s, the northern part of the Roer was heavily polluted by the tailings of many German coal mines. Neither fish nor other organisms could be found, and it was dangerous to swim in the river. Foam flakes regularly flooded parts of the city of Roermond. After the closure of the mines, the waste water treatment in Germany and the Netherlands greatly improved. Only the lower part of the river is still contaminated. The water in the upper part of the river is so clean that trout and more than 30 species of fish are back. After an absence of 125 years, salmon returned to the Roer in 2004.

Tributaries

 * Ellebach
 * Inde
 * Kall
 * Malefinkbach
 * Merzbach
 * Wurm
 * Olef
 * Urft

History
During the Middle Ages the valley of the Roer lay mostly within the Duchy of Jülich. In 1795, until 1814, during which time the area was part of the French Republic and Empire, it gave its name to the French département of the Roer.

The Roer represented an important front in the Allied push towards Germany at the end of the Second World War. A fortified area known as the Roer Triangle, formed by the towns of Roermond and Sittard, in the Netherlands, and Heinsberg in Germany, was the scene of heavy fighting at the beginning of 1945.

Operation Blackcock was the code name for the clearing of the Roer Triangle. It was conducted by the 2nd British Army between 14 and 26 January 1945. The objective was to drive the German 15th Army back across the Rivers Roer and Wurm and move the frontline further into Germany. The operation was carried out under command of the XII Corps by three divisions. The operation is relatively unknown despite the sometimes fierce battles that were fought for each and every village and hamlet within the "Roer Triangle".

Between 16 December 1944 and 23 February 1945, the U.S. Ninth Army was unable to advance across the Roer during Operation Queen, because German forces controlled dams close to the river's source in the densely forested region of the Hohes Venn. This meant Axis forces could potentially blow the dams, releasing enough water to wash out an Allied assault. At the same time, the German Ardennes Offensive meant any further westward push would leave Allied forces stretched and supply lines exposed. Eventually the counteroffensive was overwhelmed and German engineers, under pressure of aerial and artillery bombardment, released the dams. As the flood waters began to subside, Allied forces crossed the Rur in rafts in the early hours of February 23, 1945, as part of Operation Grenade.

Recreation
The Roer is the only real white water river in North Rhine-Westphalia. The upper section above the Roer reservoir (German: Rurtalsperre Schwammenauel) offers 20 km of white water ranging from class III(+) to I. The town of Monschau is the venue for the yearly International White Water Race which was held on 17 March 2013 for the 58th time.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Roer


text:
Grumman G-44 Widgeon

The Grumman G-44 Widgeon is a small, five-person, twin-engined, amphibious aircraft. It was designated J4F by the United States Navy and Coast Guard and OA-14 by the United States Army Air Corps and United States Army Air Forces.

Design and development
The Widgeon was originally designed for the civil market. It is smaller, but otherwise similar to Grumman's earlier G-21 Goose, and was produced from 1941 to 1955. The aircraft was used during World War II as a small patrol and utility machine by the US Navy, US Coast Guard, and Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm.

The first prototype flew in 1940, and the first production aircraft went to the US Navy as an antisubmarine aircraft. In total, 276 were built by Grumman, including 176 for the military. During World War II, they served with the US Navy, Coast Guard, Civil Air Patrol, and Army Air Force, as well as with the British Royal Navy, which gave it the service name Gosling.

United States Coast Guard

On August 1, 1942, a J4F-1 flown by US Coast Guard Patrol Squadron 212 based out of Houma, Louisiana, and flown by Chief Aviation Pilot Henry White, spotted and attacked a German U-boat off the coast of Louisiana. White reported the submarine sunk, and he was subsequently credited with sinking GS U-166 (1941) and awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

However, in June 2001 the wreck of U-166 was found sitting near the wreck of SS Robert E. Lee  by an oil exploration team; and the sinking of U-166 on July 30 (i.e. two days before the Widgeon flight) is now credited to patrol craft PC-566 escorting the Robert E. Lee.

White's Widgeon is now thought to have made an unsuccessful attack against GS U-171, a Type IXC U-boat identical to U-166 that reported an air attack coincident with White's attack. U-171 was undamaged by White's attack, but was sunk four months later in the Bay of Biscay.

Civil Air Patrol
The sinking of a German U-boat by the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) was claimed by one of their larger aircraft on 11 July 1942. The Grumman G-44 Widgeon, armed with two depth charges and crewed by Captain Johnny Haggins and Major Wynant Farr, was scrambled when another CAP patrol radioed that they had encountered an enemy submarine, but were returning to base due to low fuel. After scanning the area, Farr spotted the U-boat cruising beneath the surface of the waves. Unable to accurately determine the depth of the vessel, Haggins and Ferr radioed the situation back to base and followed the enemy in hopes that it would rise to periscope depth. For three hours, the crew shadowed the submarine. Just as Haggins was about to return to base, the U-boat rose to periscope depth, and Haggins swung the aircraft around, aligned with the submarine and dove to 100 ft. Farr released one of the two depth charges, blowing the submarine's front out of the water. As it left an oil slick, Farr made a second pass and released the other charge. Debris appeared on the ocean's surface, confirming the U-boat's demise and the CAP's first kill.

Postwar operations

After the war, Grumman redesigned the aircraft to make it more suitable for civilian operations. A new hull improved its water handling, and six seats were installed. In total, 76 of the new G-44As were built by Grumman, the last being delivered on January 13, 1949. Another 41 were produced under license by the Société de construction aéronavale (SCAN) in La Rochelle, France, as the SCAN 30. Most of these ended up in the United States.

McKinnon Enterprises at Sandy, Oregon, converted over 70 Widgeons to "Super Widgeons". The conversion features replacing the engines with 270 hp Avco Lycoming GO-480-B1D flat-six piston engines, and various other modifications, including modern avionics, three-bladed propellers, larger windows, improved soundproofing, emergency exits, and increased maximum takeoff weight. Retractable wingtip floats were optional.

Variants

 * G-44
 * Main production variant, 200 built (serial nos. 1201–1400) including J4F series military variants listed below.

 * G-44A
 * Improved postwar production variant with redesigned hull, 76 built (serial nos. 1401–1476.)

 * J4F-1
 * G-44 for the United States Coast Guard with three seats, 25 built.

 * J4F-2
 * United States Navy version of the J4F-1 with 5-seat interior, 131 built.

 * OA-14
 * Fifteen G-44s impressed into wartime service with the United States Army Air Forces.

 * OA-14A
 * One new aircraft for the Corps of Engineers.

 * Gosling I
 * Fifteen J4F-2s transferred to the Royal Navy, later renamed Widgeon I

 * SCAN 30
 * G-44A Licence-built in France using Metric standards and not Anodized as were original Grumman-built aircraft, 41 built (serial nos. 1–41.)

Pacific Aerospace Engineering Corporation conversions of S.C.A.N. 30s, powered by 300 hp Lycoming R-680-13 radial engines. Later known as the Gannet Super Widgeon
 * PACE Gannet:

Military operators

 * Brazilian Air Force operated 14 from 1942 to 1958
 * Brazilian Air Force operated 14 from 1942 to 1958

 * Cuban Navy received four in 1952
 * Cuban Navy received four in 1952

 * Israeli Air Force operated two from 1948 to 1949
 * Portuguese Navy operated 12 from 1942 to 1968
 * Portuguese Navy operated 12 from 1942 to 1968
 * Portuguese Navy operated 12 from 1942 to 1968

 * Royal Thai Navy operated five in 1951
 * Royal Thai Air Force operated five from 1951 to 1956
 * Royal Thai Air Force operated five from 1951 to 1956

 * Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm
 * United States Army Air Corps
 * United States Army Air Forces
 * United States Coast Guard
 * United States Navy
 * Civil Air Patrol
 * Uruguayan Navy operated one example from 1943 to 1979
 * Civil Air Patrol
 * Uruguayan Navy operated one example from 1943 to 1979
 * Uruguayan Navy operated one example from 1943 to 1979

Civil operators

 * Mørefly
 * Mount Cook Airline
 * Mount Cook Airline
 * Mount Cook Airline

Brazil

 * 1290 – UC-4F2 on static display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro.

Canada

 * 28 – SCAN-30 airworthy with Mark Williston of Delta, British Columbia.

Portugal

 * 120 – G-44 on static display at the Navy Museum in Lisbon.
 * 129 – G-44 on static display at the Museu do Ar in Sintra, Lisbon.

Thailand

 * 1449 – G-44A on static display at the Royal Thai Air Force Museum in Bangkok.

United States

 * 31 – SCAN 30 airworthy with Orlando Financial Corporation in Bear, Delaware. It was used as De plane! De plane! in the television show Fantasy Island where it delivered guests to the island and was put up for sale at auction in April 2016.
 * 1312 – G-44 on display at the Alaska Aviation Museum in Anchorage, Alaska.
 * 32976 – J4F-2 on static display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.
 * V212 – J4F-1 on static display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida.

title: Grumman G-44 Widgeon


text:
Evening

Evening is the period of a day that begins at the end of daylight and overlaps with the beginning of night. It generally indicates the period of time when the sun is close to the horizon and comprises the periods of civil, nautical and astronomical twilight. The exact times when evening begins and ends are subjective and depend on location and time of year. It may be used colloquially to include the last waning daytime shortly before sunset.

Etymology
The word is derived from the Old English ǣfnung, meaning 'the coming of evening, sunset, time around sunset', which originated from æfnian, meaning "become evening, grow toward evening". The Old English æfnian originated from æfen (eve), which meant "the time between sunset and darkness", and was synonymous with even (Old English æfen), which meant the end of the day. The use of "evening" dates from the mid 15th century.

Start time
The Encyclopædia Britannica defines evening as varying according to daylight and lifestyle, but says that many people consider it to begin at 4 p.m.

In a social context, the Oxford English Dictionary defines evening as "the time from about 6 p.m., or sunset if earlier".

As such there is no fixed consensus on when the period of evening starts.

Astronomy
Despite the less favorable lighting conditions for optical astronomy, evening can be useful for observing objects orbiting close to the Sun. Evening (and morning) serves as the optimum time for viewing the inferior planets Venus and Mercury. It is a popular time to hunt for comets, as their tails grow more prominent as these objects draw closer to the Sun. The evening (and morning) twilight is used to search for near-Earth asteroids that orbit inside the orbit of the Earth. In mid-latitudes, spring evenings around the time of the equinox―that is, the March one in the Northern Hemisphere and the September equinox to the south of the equator―are favorable for viewing the zodiacal light.

title: Evening


text:
Talk:John Culberson

Texas House category
m [John Culberson]; 22:06:28. . Thepedestrian (Talk) (putting back the texas house cat, since culberson was indeed a member (read the article maybe?)) Sorry about that, Ped. I was updating his current status, and didn't realize that we wanted to keep past biography information as well. I have a databse full of Texas House and Senate members going back about 10 years. Would you like for me to propose some backfill information on them? weide 13:24, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Link to opposition websites
I removed an edit that included one of the opponent's campaign sites, as well as language that was almost surely trying to make readers look kindly upon him. I don't necessarily disagree with including the sites of his opposers, but there should be links to both or neither to stay in line with WP:NPOV. Seqsea (talk) 05:39, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

NPOV?
This article to me does not appear to follow NPOV guidelines. The language used is rather slanted in places (ex: "While opposed to forms of public transportation that would immediately remove cars from Houston's roads, Culberson continues to throw 100's of millions of dollars into projects to build bigger roads for bigger cars resulting in dirtier air and a hotter climate."), and the entirely negative focus of the entire second half of the article is curious. I am not a regular wikipedia editor (and I know nothing about Culbertson), but I think this article definitely needs the note. Seasleepy 03:31, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The entirely positive version prior to November 4th is particularly disconcerting. Read the new part about how he lied about terrorists crossing the Mexican border and see if you can refute it. The Houston Chronicle isn't even that liberal. -- Utopianfiat

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on John Culberson. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.culberson.house.gov/bio.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120515061020/http://www.houstonisd.org/HISDConnectDS/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=c3783acb02efc010VgnVCM10000052147fa6RCRD to http://www.houstonisd.org/HISDConnectDS/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=c3783acb02efc010VgnVCM10000052147fa6RCRD
 * Added tag to https://team1.sos.state.tx.us/enr/results/mar04_169_state.htm?x=0&y=3852&id=407

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:33, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

Should the 2018 election have its own page?
There are - as of now - 7 candidates with 2 more likey.

CD 7 had he biggest drop in Rep over Dem voters from 2012 to 2016 in the country. 50.192.95.89 (talk) 17:30, 5 May 2017 (UTC)

"Earmarks" controversy
The source cites 3 congressmen for and 3 against the earmarks rule change. Plus quotes from other groups.

Plus the line : " Members of the Texas GOP delegation, who typically vote in tandem, are split on the issue so far."

It is not a very well written article, the cites and references could be fisked out individually but since the data is all there is it really necessary?

50.192.95.89 (talk) 16:44, 31 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes it is necessary. You need to show it is a controversy to call it a controversy and it needs to be from a reliable independent source.  ~ GB fan 16:46, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

As a side note, it appears that the initial reference is copied in whole from: https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2016/11/22/texas-republican-wants-bring-earmarks-back-washington without proper attribution. Does such lack of attribution invalidate it as a source? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.192.95.89 (talk) 17:05, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on John Culberson. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160306124107/https://enrpages.sos.state.tx.us/public/mar01_273_state.htm to https://enrpages.sos.state.tx.us/public/mar01_273_state.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100418160636/http://washingtonindependent.com/47549/has-pete-hoekstra-been-beaten-by-nancy-pelosis-militia to http://washingtonindependent.com/47549/has-pete-hoekstra-been-beaten-by-nancy-pelosis-militia

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:29, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

Lanier Middle School
The two references supplied do not support the suggestion that this chap attended this school.

Obviously I would be overjoyed to be proven wrong… TIA HAND —Phil | Talk 14:40, 12 July 2018 (UTC)

 * You are correct, and I can't find any sources saying where he went to middle school. Everything on the interwebz is just a Wikipedia mirror. Marquardtika (talk) 19:15, 13 July 2018 (UTC)

Removal of sentence
I have now twice removed a sentence three times that says, "Culberson did not comment after the release of the Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape." The source for this is dated two days after the release of the tape and it does say at that point he hadn't commented. It does not say that at any point after that he did not comment. The first time I was reverted saying that to remove it I had to find a source that says he did comment. I am not saying that he did comment or that he didn't comment just that the source does not verify what the sentence says. The sentence could be rewritten something like "Culberson did not comment within the first two days after the release of the Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape." I don't think that belongs either though. ~ GB fan 10:38, 4 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Every singe piece of information on Wikipedia is contingent on time. It's absolutely ludicrous to remove "Culberson opposes the Affordable Care Act" because a new daily source to confirm the statement can't be found. The same applies to Culberson and the AH tape. Like with every other piece of information, we update text as new info comes in. If you're unable to substantiate that Culberson commented on the AH tape episode or that the RS in question is wrong, then there is no reason to remove reliably sourced content that accurately says he did not comment. Furthermore, you say that the text can't be verified, except "Culberson did not comment after the release of the Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape" is entirely 100% accurate and reflects the source. In one of your edit summaries to remove this info in its entirely, you inaccurate claimed that the text asserted that Culberson "never" commented, except that's not at all what the text says. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 10:44, 4 October 2018 (UTC)
 * We agree on some parts of what you say and disagree on other parts. Every piece is contingent on time.  It is absolutely ludicrous to remove information that he opposes the AHCA based on not having a new source.  This is not even remotely the same.  If someone says they support or oppose something we continue on to say they do until they say they don't, it is reasonable to believe they will announce when they change their mind.  In this case we have a reliable source that has researched and determined at the point of the publication he hadn't commented.  It isn't reasonable to expect that they will continue to monitor his actions and report if he says something.  Lack of evidence that he commented is not evidence that he didn't comment, it just means there is no evidence he did comment.  A reliable source that says someone didn't do something can only be used to state that they didn't do it only up to the point that the source is published.  That source can not be used to say he didn't comment sometime after the source was published.  That is what the sentence was doing.  It said he didn't comment.  If we put the disclaimer on it like I mentioned above then it agrees with the source.  Without something to state the time frame it does not agree with what the source says.  It makes it appear that we are saying he did not comment at any time in the last two years based on a single check just 2 days after the video was released.  ~ GB fan 19:59, 4 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I was looking at your contribution history, not at the edits themselves. I saw one of your edit summaries that is really pertinent to this sentence.  this doesnt have encyclopedic value. before adding content, please consider whether the content that you're adding is notable, says something about the subject of the Wikipedia article and has long-term encyclopedic value. This sentence says nothing about Culberson other than he didn't comment about a video. What is the encyclopedic value of this sentence? ~ GB fan 20:28, 5 October 2018 (UTC)

Reelection loss
Many other Representatives who lost re-nomination or re-election have a note to this effect in the lead section (in addition to infoboxes, electoral history sections, and so on). I'll go ahead and add one here, too. Airbornemihir (talk) 21:39, 11 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Culberson


text:
Shock G

Gregory Edward Jacobs (August 25, 1963 – April 22, 2021), known professionally as Shock G and by his alter ego Humpty Hump, was an American rapper and musician who was best known as the lead vocalist of the hip hop group Digital Underground. He was responsible for Digital Underground's "The Humpty Dance", 2Pac's breakthrough single "I Get Around", and co-producer of 2Pac's debut album 2Pacalypse Now.

Early life
Gregory Edward Jacobs was born on August 25, 1963, in Queens, New York. His maternal grandfather was a Hasidic Jew. He spent most of his childhood moving around the East Coast with his family, eventually settling in Tampa, Florida. As a drummer he won the 1978 "Most Talented" trophy at Greco Junior High School. As a result of his parents' divorce, he later relocated back to New York City. There he traded his drums in for a set of turntables upon discovering and marvelling over hip hop music while the art form was still in an underground developmental stage. He was mentored in the craft by his cousin Rene Negron (also known as DJ-Stretch), and their close friend Shawn Trone (also known as MC Shah-T of the parody-rap group No Face) who suggested Greg use the name "Shah-G". Jacobs liked the idea, but mistakenly thought his friend said Shock G, and began using that name instead.

After returning to Tampa less than two years later, he dropped out of Chamberlain High School to form the Master Blasters, a mobile DJ crew which featured three DJs and four emcees at its height. They performed at parties and for crowds at Riverfront Park's outdoor Sunday gatherings, eventually capturing the interest of Tony Stone, a program director at WTMP radio, which was the city's primary R&B station. Stone offered Jacobs, who was sixteen at the time, a job DJing on the air, and for a short while, as "Gregory Racker", he was the youngest radio personality in central Florida with a regular time slot. After being fired for playing the fifteen-minute-long album version of "(Not Just) Knee Deep" by Funkadelic in a five-minute time slot, and also after tensions with his father escalated, Jacobs found himself backpacking the United States for a few years, drifting through odd jobs and petty criminal adventures. It was during this excursion that his focus switched from DJing to keyboard playing, and while utilizing piano practice-rooms at music stores and colleges around the country, he effectively taught himself to play the piano.

Deciding to pursue music seriously, he returned home, obtained a diploma, and began attending Hillsborough Community College (HCC), where he studied music theory under Jim Burge and piano under Patricia J. Trice. It was there at HCC that he met and formed a bond with Kenneth Waters, and the two began performing together under various names including The Chill Factor, and also The Four Horsemen, which included MC Skoobie-D, and the MD Dazzlin Doc-P who had recently moved to Tampa from the Bronx. In 1985, after two years of producing local artists for hire, playing solo piano gigs around town, performing with Waters, and being a keyboardist in Warren Allen Brooks' band, Jacobs and his aspiring-actress girlfriend Davita Watts eloped to Los Angeles in search of greater opportunity. There he played keyboards in Kenny McCloud's pop-funk band Onyx before leaving Los Angeles and arriving in the San Francisco Bay Area where he found work in an Oakland music store, and where his group Digital Underground would form a few years later.

Digital Underground
After relocating to Oakland, California, Shock G formed Digital Underground along with Chopmaster J, and Kenneth Waters (also known as Kenny-K. After around 15 months of unsuccessful negotiations with various small record companies, in 1988 the trio released a 12-inch single on Macola Records. It featured "Your Life's a Cartoon" as the A-side and "Underwater Rimes" as the B-side. Both songs were penned, produced, and performed by Jacobs, who sketched the cartoonish cover illustrations. The record included the logo for Digital Underground's startup label, TNT, as well as Macola's logo. TNT was founded by Tupac Shakur's management CEO Atron Gregory. In 1989, the group signed with Tommy Boy Records and released "Doowutchyalike", receiving minimal radio airplay but became an underground hit. Its video was more successful, reaching number 40 on the MTV's top 100 videos of the year. "Doowutchyalike" paved the way for Digital Underground's debut album Sex Packets and the highest-charting song of their career "The Humpty Dance" both released in early 1990, and both achieving platinum sales certifications by the RIAA. The latter was rapped by Humpty Hump, the most flamboyant of Shock G's several alter egos. By that time, Digital Underground had expanded significantly, with DJ Fuze, Money-B, and Schmoovy-Schmoov joining the group, and with Ramone "Pee Wee" Gooden and Tupac Shakur joining by 1991.

Other identities
Jacobs performed under many aliases he developed over his career, resulting in characters that were maintained with such reality that they were believed to be separate people by both fans and industry insiders. While he rapped in his normal voice as Shock G, as "Humpty Hump" he adopted a more nasal sound as part of this character's exaggerated buffoon persona that included garish clothes and Groucho glasses. A fictional biography was included in Digital Underground's press kit stating that Humpty Hump's real name was Edward Ellington Humphrey III and he wore the Groucho glasses after burning his nose in a deep fryer accident. Jacobs made public appearances as one person or the other, but at live shows and video shoots he would use a stand-in or camera tricks to maintain the illusion. Jacobs sometimes performed as other characters including MC Blowfish, Icey-Mike, The Computer Woman, ButtaFly, and Peanut Hakeem.

Television and film work
Shock G's TV appearances include Showtime at the Apollo in 1992, several The Arsenio Hall Show performances between 1990 and 1994, and several live MTV performances, including MTV Spring Break 1990 in Daytona Beach, Yo MTV Raps (performing live with Ed Lover and Doctor Dré) in 1991, Club MTV Live (with Downtown Julie Brown) in 1992, and MTV Jams in 1994. Most of these consisted of music performances with either Digital Underground or 2Pac; however, on an episode of the 1991 sitcom Drexell's Class, Jacobs played a small acting role as a furnace repairman. Within the show's story, the title character, Otis Drexell, insists that the furnace repairman looks exactly like Humpty Hump, but neither he nor his coworker (Jason Priestley) have heard of any such hip-hop artist, especially not one with such a ridiculous name. The episode ends with a live performance of Digital Underground's "No Nose Job" on a cruise ship full of Sports Illustrated swimsuit models, which is presented as a scene from one of Drexell's dreams.

With his Digital Underground band members, Jacobs appeared in the Dan Aykroyd-directed comedy film Nothing but Trouble (1991) appearing as both Shock G and Humpty Hump. The group (including Tupac Shakur) makes a cameo music performance, as well as play a small character role in the film as themselves. Jacobs has appeared in a handful of music documentaries, including Thug Angel: Life of an Outlaw (2000) about Tupac Shakur, and Parliament Funkadelic: One Nation Under a Groove (1996) about George Clinton & P-Funk, both of which received heavy TV rotation, and both of which relied heavily on Jacobs' commentary.

On June 24, 2011, Shock G was featured on an episode of the podcast "You Had To Be There" with comedians Nikki Glaser and Sara Schaefer.

Albums

 * Fear of a Mixed Planet (2004 33rd Street Records)
 * Fear of a Mixed Planet; Bonus Edition (2008 Jake Records)
 * with Digital Underground:

Production, solo work, and miscellaneous
In addition to his work with Digital Underground, Shock G found moderate success as a solo artist and music producer. In 1993, Shock G produced Tupac Shakur's breakthrough platinum single "I Get Around" as well as guest starred on the single and music video, and went on to produce Tupac's "So Many Tears" from his multi-platinum 1995 album Me Against the World. Tupac's first published work was while still a member of Digital Underground when he appeared on the 1991 song and video "Same Song", which also appeared in the Chevy Chase, Dan Aykroyd and Demi Moore film Nothing but Trouble. Shock co-produced Tupac's debut album 2Pacalypse Now. Shock G appeared as a producer and guest artist on fellow Oakland-based rap group The Luniz platinum debut release Operation Stackola in 1995, also appearing as a guest emcee in the "I Got 5 on It (Bay Ballas Remix)" and video.

In 1996 the Wayans brothers' film Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood featured the Shock G song "We Got More". The song, which featured Oakland rappers Luniz was used for three different scenes in the film, and is featured in two different places on the soundtrack, making it the only song to appear twice on one soundtrack. In 1998, Prince included the Shock G produced "Love Sign" on his triple-CD Crystal Ball album. Shock G has toured and performed on stage with George Clinton and P-Funk including a guest performance with Clinton at Woodstock 1999.

In 2003, Shock G produced the single "Risky Business" for Los Angeles underground artist Murs, and also appeared in the video, as himself and as Humpty Hump. Murs performed this song live with Shock G at the Paid Dues festival, and also featured him as his stage DJ/music conductor on a 2-month extensive Definitive Jux label U.S. and Canada tour. On January 20, 2009, Shock G's single "Cherry Flava'd Email" was renamed and released as a special edition called "Cherry Flava'd Election" to commemorate the inauguration of President Barack Obama.

Death
On April 22, 2021, Jacobs was found dead in a motel room in Tampa, Florida, at age 57. On June 10, 2021, the Hillsborough County Medical Examiner announced that Shock G's death was caused by an accidental overdose of fentanyl, methamphetamine and ethanol (alcohol).

Jacobs was interred at Parklawn Memorial Cemetery in Dunedin, Florida.

Studio albums

 * Fear of a Mixed Planet (2004)

Albums

 * 1990 Sex Packets, Digital Underground
 * 1991 This Is an EP Release, Digital Underground (EP)
 * 1991 Sons of the P, Digital Underground
 * 1993 The Body Hat Syndrome, Digital Underground
 * 1996 Future Rhythm, Digital Underground
 * 1998 Who Got the Gravy, Digital Underground
 * 1999 The Lost Files, Digital Underground
 * 2008 ..Cuz a D.U. Party Don't Stop!, Digital Underground
 * 2010 The Greenlight EP, Digital Underground

Songs

 * 1987 "Your Life's a Cartoon", Digital Underground
 * 1988 "Underwater Rimes", Digital Underground
 * 1989 "Doowutchyalike", Digital Underground
 * 1990 "Don't Funk wid the Mo" (remix), Monie Love
 * 1990 "What I Won't Do for Love", 2Pac, Schmoovy-Schmoov
 * 1990 "What I Won't Do for Love (Shock G Remix)", 2Pac, Digital Underground
 * 1991 "Rockin to the PM", Raw Fusion
 * 1991 "Rebel of the Underground", 2Pac
 * 1991 "Words of Wisdom", 2Pac
 * 1991 "Revenge of the Lunatic", 2Pac, Money-B
 * 1991 "Tellin' Time (Mike's Rap)", Dr. Dre, Michael Concepcion
 * 1993 "I Get Around", 2Pac, Digital Underground
 * 1993 "Get Away (remix)", Bobby Brown
 * 1993 "Top of the World", Kenya Gruv (co-producer)
 * 1994 "Dirty Drawls", Raw Fusion
 * 1994 "Do Your Homework", Raw Fusion
 * 1995 "Fuck the World", 2Pac, Shock G
 * 1995 "So Many Tears", 2Pac
 * 1995 "Broke Hos", Luniz
 * 1995 "5150", Luniz
 * 1995 "No Brothas Allowed", No Face
 * 1995 "Smashin' Fruit", No Face
 * 1995 "Nothing Has Changed", No Face feat. Digital Underground
 * 1996 "We Got More", Shock G feat Luniz
 * 1995 "Don't Ring My Bell", Luniz
 * 1996 "People Over the Stairs", Shock G
 * 1996 "Gloomy Sunday", Mystic
 * 1997 "True Playas", Whoridas
 * 1997 "Come N' Bounce", Shay
 * 1997 "Cause I Had To", 2Pac & P-90
 * 1998 "Broad Minded", Saafir
 * 1998 "Sendin' U a Signal", Saafir
 * 1998 "Love Sign", Prince
 * 1999 "Crawl Before You Ball", Saafir
 * 1999 "Liquid Ho Magnet", Saafir
 * 1999 "Running Man", Saafir
 * 2000 "Do What Ya Want", Rhythm & Green
 * 2000 "Let the Beat Breathe", Esinchill
 * 2001 "Chassy", Mac Mall
 * 2001 "Intro", Mystic (album intro)
 * 2002 "Risky Business", Murs
 * 2004 "Smilin' Faces", KRS-One

Guest appearances

 * 1990 "We're All in the Same Gang", Westcoast Allstars, (song & video)
 * 1990 "Time for Peace", Davey-D feat D.U., Paris, Tech & Sway, (song)
 * 1991 "Trapped", 2Pac, (song & video)
 * 1991 "Throw Your Hands in the Air", Raw Fusion, (video)
 * 1991 "Funkintoyoear", Raw Fusion, (song)
 * 1992 "Money", Gold Money, (song & video)
 * 1993 "I Get Around", 2Pac feat. Digital Underground, (song & video)
 * 1993 "Rhythm & Rhyme", George Clinton, (song)
 * 1993 "Paint the White House Black", George Clinton, Ice Cube, Kam, Yo-Yo, Dr. Dre, Public Enemy, Pupa Curly, (song & video)
 * 1994 "Freaky Note", Raw Fusion, (song & video)
 * 1995 "I Got 5 on It (Remix)", Luniz, (song & video)
 * 1995 "Funk Session", Too Short, (song)
 * 1995 "So Many Tears", ""2Pac, (song)
 * 1995 "Fuck the World", 2Pac, (song)
 * 1996 "Knee Deep (Midnight Mix)", George Clinton, (song)
 * 1999 "Glayz Donutt Face", C-Funk, (song)
 * 1999 "Miss Bartender", Money-B, (song)
 * 1999 "Do What You Want to Do", Vitamin C, (song)
 * 2000 "No DNA", Clee & Drank-a-Lot, (song)
 * 2002 "Wuz Crackulatin'," 2wice, (song)
 * 2002 "Risky Business", Murs, (song & video)
 * 2003 "Way of Life", Stylophonic, (song)
 * 2004 "Hurry Up Run", Shock G, (song)
 * 2004 "Snake and the Apple", Stucky, (song)
 * 2004 "At the Next Show", Sir Mix-a-lot, (song)
 * 2005 "Career Finders", Perceptionists, (song)
 * 2005 "Say What You Say", Soma Rasa, (song)
 * 2005 "And 2morrow", various artists, (song)
 * 2005 "California Girls Dipped in Chocolate", Slapbak, (song)
 * 2005 "Freaky Pumps", Fat Lip, (song)
 * 2005 "City to City", Straw, (song)
 * 2005 "Love Letters", 2Pac, Rappin' 4-Tay, Assassin, (song)
 * 2006 "The Wizard", Mr. Rakafela, (song)
 * 2006 "If You're True", InershA, (song)
 * 2006 "Pain and Misery (remix)", InershA, (song)
 * 2006 "Shock G Interlude", 2Pac (song)
 * 2007 "Shock G's Outro/Hidden Track", Ássassin, Ray Luv, 2Pac
 * 2007 "California Dreamin", San Quinn, Assassin, (song)
 * 2007 "Plainfield", Bernie Worrell, (song)
 * 2007 "Smack Dat Ass", Ditch, (song)
 * 2008 ..Cuz a D.U. Party Don't Stop!, Digital Underground, (album)
 * 2008 "Crazy", Maddie Lauer, (song & video)
 * 2008 "Light of Love feat. Lady Alma", Yameen (song, as keyboardist)
 * 2009 "Cherry Flava'd Election", Shock G, (song)
 * 2010 The Greenlight EP, Digital Underground, (album)
 * 2012 Cuttynclean JC – "Above the Tip Tops" (album- Shade of Purp) CO cuttyncleanrecords type on SoundCloud
 * 2014 Cuttynclean JC – "Shock G interlude" (album – Shade of Purp) co cuttyncleanrecords
 * 2015 "The Mini", Angelo Knox (song)
 * 2017 Cuttynclean JC – "Diamonds" feat. Asap Lotto (unreleased)
 * 2018 "Heem", Undaflow feat. Shock G and Big Sharp
 * 2019 Cuttynclean JC – "Keep It PI" feat Mistah fab and Moe Green

Digital Underground videos

 * "Doowutchyalike" (1989)
 * "The Humpty Dance" (1989)
 * "Doowutchyalike" (video remix) (1990)
 * "Same Song" (1991)
 * "Kiss You Back" (1991)
 * "No Nose Job" (1992)
 * "Return of the Crazy One" (1993)
 * "Wussup Wit the Luv" (1994)
 * "Oregano Flow" (1996)
 * "Walk Real Kool" (1996)
 * "Wind Me Up" (1998)

Featured guest video appearances

 * "We're All in the Same Gang" (1990) Westcoast All-Stars
 * "Throw Your Hands in the Air" (1991) Raw Fusion
 * "Trapped" (1991) 2Pac
 * "Money" (1992) Gold Money
 * "Close the Crackhouse" (1992) X-Clan
 * "I Get Around" (1993) 2Pac featuring Digital Underground
 * "No Brothas Allowed" (1994) No Face
 * "I Got 5 on It (Bay Ballas Remix)" (1995) Luniz
 * "Temptations" (1995) 2Pac
 * "Risky Business" (2003) Murs
 * "Hit the Streets" (2003) Element
 * "City to City" (2005) Straw the Vegas Don
 * "Crazy" (2008) Maddie Lauer

DVDs

 * Nothing But Trouble (1991)
 * Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (2000)
 * Tupac: Resurrection (2003)
 * Digital Underground: Raw and Uncut (2004)
 * Parliament/Funkadelic; One Nation Under a Groove (2005)

title: Shock G


text:
Dry quicksand

Dry quicksand is loose sand whose bulk density is reduced by blowing air through it and which yields easily to weight or pressure. It acts similarly to normal quicksand, but it does not contain any water and does not operate on the same principle. Dry quicksand can also be a resulting phenomenon of contractive dilatancy.

Historically, the existence of dry quicksand was doubted, and the reports of humans and complete caravans being lost in dry quicksand were considered to be folklore. In 2004, it was created in the laboratory, but it is still not clear what its actual prevalence in nature is.

Scientific research
Writing in Nature, physicist Detlef Lohse and coworkers of University of Twente in Enschede, Netherlands allowed air to flow through very fine sand (typical grain diameter was about 40 micrometers) in a container with a perforated base. They then turned the air stream off before the start of the experiment and allowed the sand to settle: the packing fraction of this sand was only 41% (compared to 55–60% for untreated sand).

Lohse found that a weighted table tennis ball (radius 2 cm, mass 133 g), when released from just above the surface of the sand, would sink to about five diameters. Lohse also observed a "straight jet of sand [shooting] violently into the air after about 100 ms". Objects are known to make a splash when they hit sand, but this type of jet had never been described before.

Lohse concluded that:

 * In nature, dry quicksands may evolve from the sedimentation of very fine sand after it has been blown into the air and, if large enough, might be a threat to humans. Indeed, reports that travellers and whole vehicles have been swallowed instantly may even turn out to be credible in the light of our results.

During the planning of the Project Apollo Moon missions, dry quicksand on the Moon was considered as a potential danger to the missions. The successful landings of the unmanned Surveyor probes a few years earlier and their observations of a solid, rocky surface largely discounted this possibility, however. The large plates at the end of legs of the Apollo Lunar Module were designed to reduce this danger, but the astronauts did not encounter dry quicksand.

title: Dry quicksand


text:
Western Province

Western Province or West Province may refer to:

 * Western Province, Cameroon
 * Western Province, Rwanda
 * Western Province (Kenya)
 * Western Province (Papua New Guinea)
 * Western Province (Solomon Islands)
 * Western Province, Sri Lanka

 * Western Province, Zambia
 * Western Province (Victoria), a division of the Victorian Legislative Council
 * West Kazakhstan Province
 * Western Cape Province, South Africa
 * Western Province (rugby union), a provincial rugby team in the Cape Town region
 * Western Province Cricket Association, the governing body for cricket in the Cape Town region, or its representative team
 * Western Province cricket team
 * Western Province Ice Hockey Association, is a non-profit organization and member branch of South African Ice Hockey Federation
 * Western Province Hockey Union, is the a provincial body for field hockey
 * West Province (Western Australia), an electoral province of the Western Australian Legislative Council
 * Western Oblast, Russia
 * Western Oblast (1917-1918), Russia
 * Hejaz in Saudi Arabia

title: Western Province


text:
Talk:Dry quicksand

 * Dry quicksand is a loose sand which yields easily to weight or pressure. Different from regular quicksand, dry quicksand does not cointain any water. Up to recently, it was believed that dry quicksand was a legend, and the reports of humans and complete caravans being lost in dry quicksand were considered fictional.
 * However, Detlef Lohse of Universiteit Twente in Enschede, Netherlands, experimentally prooved the almost non-existing load bearing capacity of dry quicksand. Lohse disturbed small sand grains with a size of about 10 µm in an air stream and let them sink to the ground. Only about 41% of the volume was occupied by sand, and 59% by air, whereas completely settled sand occupies about 55 to 60% of the volume. This reduced the weight bearing capability to almost nothing. A table tennis ball was placed carefully on the settled sand, but even though this ball is extremely light, it disappeared completely in the sand within less than a second. A small column of sand also jumped up in the air where the ball vanished, similar to a stone fropped in water. The final depth at which the ball came to rest depended on theweight of the ball.

You beat me by 5 minutes in creating this new article. I just wrote the above text but got in an edit conflict with your new article. Do you also read the german Spiegel? However, your article is better, anyway. Damn -- Chris 73 Talk 13:42, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Hi Chris. Thanks for the feedback!

I'd appreciate your thoughts on the duplication between granular material (which was mine) and granular matter (which I didn't know existed). One day I'll get round to combining the pages and redirecting.

best wishes

Robinh 15:55, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I just thought that the mention of "Blazing Saddles" should be possibly mentioned within the list of films. The part where the two African American men were ordered to locate the possible quicksand spot where the train tracks were supposedly by. When the men were manually moving the cart down the track, and talking at the same time, they ended up finding it, unfortunately too late. They called for help, and when one of the white cowboys showed up, all he did was save the cart, not the "slaves". The good thing, though, the two guys got out ok, but ended up getting bitched at for "laying down on the job".

There is another, more sinister flavor of quicksand called dry quicksand which is potentially a lot more dangerous, though there are no confirmed natural occurrences of the phenomenon. Dry quicksand is created when grains of sand form a very loose structure which can barely hold it own weight, like a house of cards. In the lab, it is created by causing air to flow through the sand, but it can theoretically be caused by the gradual buildup of very fine sand after it has been blown into the air. If an object of sufficient weight is placed on the dry quicksand, it will immediately sink, and the delicate structure will rapidly collapse in on itself, burying the object in the process. When this happens, the energy released by the collapse causes a jet of sand particles to shoot high into the air. A deep, naturally occurring area of dry quicksand would be a formidable hazard, because it would cause anyone who stepped on it to sink and become buried very rapidly. No dry quicksand has ever been officially observed outside of the laboratory, but there are reports of travelers, vehicles, and even whole caravans suddenly vanishing into the sandy earth. These reports have always been viewed as mere folklore, but perhaps there is more to the stories than we realize. Science does not completely dismiss the possibility of naturally occurring dry quicksand; in fact, during the planning of the Apollo moon missions, scientists added large plates to the ends of the Lunar Module legs to help support the craft in case the astronauts found dry quicksand on the moon… but the precaution proved unnecessary, since no such soil was encountered. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 115.252.108.124 (talk) 18:23, 27 September 2010 (UTC)

Wow!
I never new about dry quicksand! I think its scarrier than regular quicksand because everything sinks way quicker. Wouldn't want to get caught in that!

Dry Quicksand is very bad for you!!!!!!

Ball weight
If that table tennis ball really weights 133g, the sudden disappearance of it under the surface is much less surprising then it is made to appear (that's what a rather big apple weights). The Wikipedia article on table tennis mentions the mass of 2.7 grams for a standard ball. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Misiu mp (talk • contribs) 21:08, 18 April 2010 (UTC)
 * yes - it was a metal weight inside a tennis ball. – SJ  +  19:44, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dry quicksand


text:
Stocksund

Stocksund is an upper class suburb in Metropolitan Stockholm, Sweden.

Located immediately across the Edsviken and Stocksundet from Bergshamra, Stocksund is one of four parts of Danderyd Municipality north of Stockholm, which is the most affluent municipality of Sweden. Average real estate prices for houses are the highest in Sweden, similar to the neighbouring Djursholm. It was the site of the Stocksund Studios film and television studios based in a former power station.

Glenstudio, where the group ABBA recorded the album ABBA, is located in Långängen, a part of Stocksund.

Communications
Stocksund is served by two railway stations on Roslagsbanan: Stocksund railway station and Mörby railway station.

title: Stocksund