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The Idiot Boy

"The Idiot Boy" is a poem written by William Wordsworth, a representative of the Romantic movement in English literature. The poem was composed in spring 1798 and first published in the same year in Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems written by Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, which is considered to be a turning point in the history of English literature and the Romantic movement. The poem investigates such themes as language, intellectual disability, maternity, emotionality (excessive or otherwise), organisation of experience and "transgression of the natural."

"The Idiot Boy" is Wordsworth's longest poem in Lyrical Ballads (with 463 lines), although it is surpassed in length by Coleridge's "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." It was the 16th poem of the collection in the original 1798 edition, and the 21st poem in the 1800 edition, which added Wordsworth's famous Preface to Lyrical Ballads.

Summary of the Plot
The poem tells the story of the titular "Idiot Boy," as well as his mother Betty Foy and their gravely ill neighbour Susan Gale. As Johnny's father, a woodsman, is away from home, Betty decides to send her son to the nearest town on horseback, so that he may bring with him a doctor who could help Susan. However, Johnny gets lost trying to reach the town at night, and his mother is forced to follow him. When she reaches the doctor's house, she realizes Johnny is not there and returns home in a state of agitation, forgetting to bring the doctor with her. Eventually, Johnny is reunited with his mother, and their neighbour rises from her bed, miraculously cured.

Form
The poem uses a five-line stanza of tetrameter lines, with a rhyming scheme of ABCCB, said to be a "variation on the long meter quatrain." It has been described as a realisation of the traditional form of the ballad, chiefly because of its "unobtrusive" narrator, as well as "an extreme example of the naive or rustic style in poetry."

Balladic Elements
The poem contains allusions to many romantic ballad commonplaces, connected mainly with Gottfried August Bürger's ballads "Lenore" and "The Wild Huntsman." This is exemplified mainly by the mock-heroic section of the poem (lines 322-356), as well as its opening stanza (lines 1-6), where moonlight and the presence of owls take centre stage as the attributes of the ballad:

'T'is eight o'clock – a clear March night, 'The moon is up – the sky is blue, 'The owlet in the moonlight air, He shouts from nobody knows where He lengthens out his lonely shout, Halloo! halloo! a long halloo!

Johnny has been dubbed "a Quixotic hero," as well as a knight errant, and an allusion to Don Quixote has been found in the narrator's vision of Johnny hunting sheep in line 337 of the poem. He has been connected to "a long tradition of fools," as the poem explores his extraordinary, unorthodox perception of the world. The poem, however, seems to emphasise a defamiliarization of such clichés, rather than emulate them. The poem's connection to the ballad genre has also been described as tenuous, as it is said to exhibit a shift in focus from the exploration of a plot to the exploration of abstract feeling.

The Narrator
The narrator of "The Idiot Boy" is considered to be "comic," as well as "dramatized," "highly limited" and even "incompetent." He is described as a poetic figure "variously affected" by the story he narrates, and thus both "detached" from and "engaged" in the events of the poem. Though he is not directly involved in the story of the poem himself, certain qualities of his "may be inferred from [his] stylistic habits," as well as the parts of the poem in which he addresses his audience.

The narrator's attitude towards Johnny seems benevolent, however he criticises Betty with "a trace of patronizing condescension" in lines 22-26:

The world will say 'tis very idle, Bethink you of the time of night; There's not a mother, no not one. But when she hears what you have done. Oh! Betty she'll be in a fright.

Condescension may also be found in the narrator's description of Johnny as a "fierce and dreadful hunter," (338) as well as in his negative response to Betty's imaginings about her son's fate (lines 212-216).

So, through the moonlight lane she goes, And far into the moonlight dale; And how she ran, and how she walked, And all that to herself she talked, would surely be a tedious tale.

However, he is said to be just as much a source of speculation as she is, as he strives to "fill in the gaps of his story" with "fanciful adventure."

Out of ninety stanzas of the poem, approximately one third of them begin with the conjunctions "and," "but" or "so," which suggests that its narrator is focused chiefly on a simple, sequential retelling of the story. He also seems prone to simplifying the character's experience into simple binary opposites, such as when referring to the life or death of Susan Gale (52-56), in Betty's instructions to Johnny (62-66; "[h]ow to turn left and how to right") or in the description of her search for him (217-221).

In high and low, above, below, ln great and small, in round and square, In tree and tower was Johnny seen, In bush and brake, in black and green, 'Twas Johnny, Johnny everywhere.

Despite this, some evidence of the narrator's skilfulness has been identified in his usage of humour and deliberate poetic structures, such as the recurring theme of the owls.

The Muses
The mock-heroic fragment of the poem (lines 322-356) may be read as a "self-conscious comment on the narrator's efforts," as he expresses affection towards his muses in a way similar to how Betty's affection towards Johnny is portrayed (compare "Ye muses! Whom I love so well" (356) with "Him whom she loves, her idiot boy" (lines 16 and 376). The narrator's appeal to the muses has also been described as a way to comment on the anxiousness which readers may experience expecting a full account of the titular character's "strange adventures" (351), as they would in more traditional sentimental stories.

In lines 347-348 the narrator claims that he has practised poetry (been "bound" to the muses) for fourteen years, which is a fact true about Wordsworth in the moment of writing the poem. These lines have been read to suggest the narrator's incompetence, as trades would typically be learnt in a period of seven years. However, the narrator has also been dubbed a "deliberately naïve version of [Wordsworth]," not to be confused with the author himself, but rather to be identified with a "narrow-minded" and "excessively genteel" style of poetry criticised by Wordsworth.

Humour
"The Idiot Boy's" tone is considered to be comedic. Its humour has been dubbed a "defence against the ominous threats facing Johnny," as well as a "burlesque" of the philosophical discourse of intellectual disability in the Enlightenment, as by "mocking the reader's sense of decorum" the poem seems to challenge literary and social preconceptions.

The sources of humour in the poem have been found in the contrast between the fragments devoted to Johnny and Betty and the elements of the narrator's mock-heroic voice, as well as the comedic force of Betty's failure to ask for the doctor's help joint with Susan's miraculous recovery. Thus, the poem's humour has been classified as "one of happy resolution."

Moonlight and the Supernatural
Supernatural elements of the poem are found chiefly in Betty's visions of Johnny's undoing (lines 232-241) and in the narrator's mock-heroic section (322-356):

'Oh saints! what is become of him? Perhaps he's climbed into an oak, Where he will stay until he is dead; Or, sadly he has been misled, And joined the wandering gipsy-folk.

'Or him that wicked pony's carried To the dark cave, the goblin's hall; Or in the castle he's pursuing, Among the ghosts his own undoing; Or playing with the waterfall.'

Betty imagines her son's downfall to be caused by goblins (238) or ghosts (240), but the narrator disregards her concerns, describing them as "unworthy" and "wild":

Betty's superstitious speculation has been described as her way of dealing with her anxiety for Johnny – namely the fear of him dying (suggested by his "playing with the waterfall" in line 241). Her anxious behaviour is also found to contrast with the aura of peaceful "transcendence" evoked by the moonlight. The moon, in turn, is identified with Johnny's "other-worldliness," as he experiences the uncanniness of the night.

Despite its abundance of supernatural elements, the poem has been found to be focused rather on "social commentary" in line with Wordsworth's aim "to give the charm of novelty to things of every day" (as described by Coleridge).

Johnny Foy and Intellectual Disability
Johnny Foy exhibits non-normative behaviour and atypical verbal expression, which has led critics to interpret his condition as intellectual disability. "The Idiot Boy" is said to explore how such disabilities are mythologized in order to establish them as a proper subject for linguistic and psychologic deliberations, and it has been connected with "an emergent 'humane' understanding of cognitive difference."

The poem's usage of the term "idiot" has been said to carry "connotations of deficiency," and the word itself has been counted amongst those used "to provoke revulsion or to ostracize groups of people."

Johnny's condition is said to transgress "the limits of being," as well as the "binary oppositions of order and disorder, reason and idiocy, [...] purity and disgust." He has also been connected with the poem's subversion of romantic conventions, as he himself is free of any literary and socio-cultural preconceptions.

Although Johnny's and his mother's roles in the poem are discussed at length, his father is notably absent from the poem and only mentioned by his profession in lines 37-39.

Johnny's Joy and Poeticism
Michael Mason claims that Johnny experiences "Wordsworthian joy," a state in which a passive observer perceives natural phenomena "in themselves," with no outside point of reference, as illustrated by Johnny's misclassification of owl cries and the moon in lines 447-463:

For, while they all were travelling home, Cried Betty 'Tell us, Johnny, do, Where all this long night you have been, What you have heard, what you have seen, And, Johnny, mind you tell us true.'

Now Johnny all night long had heard The owls in tuneful concert strive; No doubt too he the moon had seen; For in the moonlight he had been From eight o'clock till five.

And thus, to Betty's question, he Made answer, like a traveller bold (His very words I give to you), 'The cocks did crow to-whoo, to-whoo, And the sun did shine so cold,' – Thus answered Johnny in his glory, And that was all his travel's story.

This sense of joy has also been connected with an escape from the restrained world of rationality into one where language is "subordinate to feeling." Johnny's account of his journey has been said to present him as an "imaginative" and "poetic" figure, as he seems to creatively organise his new experience. However, although this is identified with "poetic insight," Johnny all the same fails to reach the doctor and let him help his neighbour.

This portrayal seems to criticise the popular perception of intellectually disabled people in the Enlightenment, as it would likely lead to Johnny being read as "revolting" or "inhuman" due to his disability, in line with Coleridge's remark that Wordsworth has not "taken sufficient care to preclude from the reader's fancy the disgusting images of ordinary, morbid idiocy."

Furthermore, Johnny's apparent lack of reason, contrasted with the suggestion that his horse is both capable of thought and that he "thinks of [Johnny] as 'what' rather than 'whom'" in lines 121-126, has been connected with John Locke's classification of "changelings" – a species between humans and animals.

But then he is a horse that thinks! And when he thinks his pace is slack, Now, though he knows poor Johnny well, Yet for his life he cannot tell What he has got upon his back.

Despite his failure, Johnny's experience is said to be "cathartic for [his] entire community," transforming it "into a more integral and caring" one, as he, his mother and their neighbour are once more brought together.

Abuse of Language
Abuse of language similar to Johnny's is prevalent throughout the poem, as exemplified by Susan's miraculous recovery, made possible when she recovers as she regains "control over her utterance," and by the doctor's ironic lines (262-271), which subvert the expectations one might hold towards a member of his profession and the principles of the Hippocratic Oath.

'Oh doctor! doctor! Where's my Johnny?' 'I'm here, what is't you want with me?' 'Oh sir! you know I'm Betty Foy, And I have lost my poor dear boy, You know him – him you often see;

'He's not so wise as some folks be.' 'The devil take his wisdom!' said The doctor, looking somewhat grim, 'What, woman! should I know of him?' And, grumbling, he went back to bed.

Even the narrator may be characterised by a similar linguistic inefficiency, as he is unable to continue his narrative in lines 352-356 due to what Gordon Thomas calls his "aphasia."

O gentle Muses! is this kind? Why will ye thus my suit repel? Why of your further aid bereave me? And can ye thus unfriendly, leave me; Ye Muses! whom I love so well.

Johnny's seemingly rational mother also fails to keep her composure throughout the poem, as signified by line 249 ("Unworthy things she talked and wild").

"Burring"
The word "burr" is often used in the poem (lines 19, 107, 115, 387) to refer to a sound made by Johnny, which has been classified as his "physiological response to the cold," as well as a mimicry of the owls, or his steed. Betty, however, interprets it as "the noise he loves" (line 110). This may be read as faulty, as the "burr" may not have any meaning to him after all, or, conversely, as accurate, as it may signify that Johnny's noises are "perfectly comprehensible" to him and his loved ones.

Burr, burr – now Johnny's lips they burr, As loud as any mill, or near it; Meek as a lamb the pony moves, And Johnny makes the noise he loves, And Betty listens, glad to hear it.

Johnny's "burring" has been likened to Wordsworth's own – that is, to his Northumberland accent, "characterized by a strong, guttural pronunciation of 'r,'" and to his narrator's stylistic mistakes, which suggest that his "competency as a storyteller is limited." These include overuse of repetition (lines 82-86, 92-96, 177-181), as well as distortion of "syntax for the sake of rhyme" (lines 365-366) and "an exaggerated inversion of normal word order" (in lines 34-36, in which the usage of the verb "ail" is simultaneously transitive and intransitive, and thus logically indecipherable).

But when the pony moved his legs, Oh! then for the poor Idiot Boy! For joy he cannot hold the bridle, For joy his head and heels are idle, He's idle all for very joy. (82-86)

[...]

Old Susan lies a-bed in pain, And sorely puzzled are the twain, For what she ails they cannot guess. (34-36)

This abuse of "poetic diction," however, has been characterised as an element of Wordsworth's critique of the use of popular language in poetry, and as "evidence not of Wordsworth's failure as a poet but of his skill" in "defining his dramatized narrator."

Betty Foy and "Maternal Passion"
In the Preface to Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth expressed his aim to portray human nature by "tracing the maternal passion through many of its more subtle windings." Betty's approach to her son has, however, been dubbed by John Wilson as "almost unnatural" and by Coleridge as "an impersonation of an instinct abandoned by judgement," signifying that Wordsworth's contemporaries found the poem "lacking" in this regard.

Wilson's criticism of Betty's affection towards her son has been said to follow a sense of reciprocal sympathy described by Adam Smith in his Theory of Moral Sentiments, as, in that view, "no self-respecting mother ought to adore a son so indifferent to and incapable of returning love." Betty's inability to understand Johnny's burring has also been said to signify her being "incapable of representing him" in a perception of intellectual disability contemporary to Wordsworth.

Wordsworth's portrayal of Betty has been connected with the exploration of "his ability to love like a mother (totally, vulnerably or irrationally [...])," as even her and Johnny's surname (Foy) has been connected with the French word foi meaning faith.

Betty has also been ascribed the role of the poet due to her accounts of Johnny's adventure. This role, in turn, allows for the narrator to be read as her double, guilty of the same susceptibility to emotions in his reports, which "exposes [his] poetic pretension and lack of self-awareness." The narrator and Betty are therefore jointly described as "[representing] debased popular poets," whereas Johnny stands as "the heroic poet of the [creative] Imagination," as opposed to their superfluous fancy.

Reception
"The Idiot Boy" was counted amongst Lyrical Ballads' most experimental and controversial poems in the perception of its early reviewers. In the period of 1798-1800 it was reprinted only once, in 80 lines, in the issue of Critical Review for October 1798, in which it was famously criticised by Robert Southey as "[resembling] a Flemish picture in the worthlessness of its design and the excellence of its execution."

The poem was generally negatively described by John Wilson and Coleridge. William Hazlitt wrote that he felt "a chaunt in the recitation" of the poems declaimed to him by Wordsworth and Coleridge, including "The Idiot Boy, which would "[act] as a spell upon the hearer, and [disarm] the judgment". Hazlitt's remarks may suggest that despite any criticism he might have had towards the poems delaimed, they were signified by an effective use of meter (though possibly misleadingly so).

Marilyn Butler writes that "most of the [reviewers of the Lyrical Ballads] praised poems which use an elevated language and subject, like 'Tintern Abbey,' and attacked those using a 'mean' language and subject, like 'The Idiot Boy.'" In line with this, Janina Nordius comments that "great talent wasted on a dubious topic seems to be the dominant critical view" of the poem, and Roger Murray claims that "no one has warmly defended" it. Murray also finds the poem to have "too little grace [...] ever to be ranked alongside Wordsworth's greatest poems," though he sees its portrayal of Betty as its saving grace.

Conversely, Michael Mason remarked that "The Idiot Boy," as one of "the more ballad-like of Wordsworth's contributions [in Lyrical Ballads,] was generally well received," and Albert E. Wilhelm claimed it was "one of Wordsworth's best known but least appreciated" poems.

Quality
The "Idiot Boy" been described as "incongruous" and as "a failure" by Geoffrey H. Hartman, as its repetitions "draw too much attention to Wordsworth's own 'burring,'" Joshua King argues, however, that such features are "what make[s] [the poem] interesting," as they suggest "a human community made possible by blind patterns of sensation, pleasure and habit, rather than primarily by rationality and linguistic ability."

Jonathan Wordsworth dubbed the poem a "comic masterpiece" and "an almost faultless work of art," as well as "a creation of exquisite tact, at once humorous and deeply moving." In line with this, John F. Danby comments that the tone of the poem is "beautifully mock-solemn and yet indulgently ready with its sympathy," and Daniel Robinson claims that "the warm comedic tones, which never mock the boy, complement perfectly the affection his mother feels, and the affection [the] reader ought to feel for him," though the poem "subverts the sentimentality readers would have expected from a poem on mental disability in a newspaper or magazine of the time." Although the poem "appears frivolous" with its "feminine rhymes, overblown diction and laughable characters," Karen Guendel argues that it warrants a second, more in-depth look due to its subversion of expectations and metaliterary critique of its own narrator.

Wordsworth's transgressions have, however, been noted by Anne McWhir to "[prevent] us from noticing" his perpetuation of the binary oppositions of what is vulgar and proper, as he strives to select the latter kind of language for his poetry. Zoe Beenstock has also criticised the poem's aims at recontextualising intellectual disability, claiming that Wordsworth "remains focused on the able-bodied interlocutors who learn to value their own freedom by watching the spectacle of disability and dependence."

Responses to Johnny
Responses to Johnny's condition seem to range from condescending dismissal to explorations of his state of being which classify it as serious, "in touch with the divine" or "extra human," as he is found to have access to "other dimensions" of perception, both "natural and divine." Johnny has even been said to represent an ideal Wordsworthian poet, a liminal figure "between childhood and manhood," as well as "the earthly and the divine," due to his disability.

Daniel Robinson argues that "although calling Johnny an 'idiot' seems callous," he is portrayed "without sentimentality or pathos and with great respect." On the negative side, Wordsworth's portrayal of Johnny has also been described as "ludicrous."

Responses to Betty
Joshua King claims that the author's contemporaries were unable to sympathise with Betty Foy, as her love for Johnny transgressed their "standards of propriety," defined by "rationality and the clear use of language." Conversely, modern criticism has largely found the poem "faithful to [Wordsworth's] objective."

Roger Murray claims that "The Idiot Boy" displays "the evolution" of a mother's mind. He also finds Betty to be the true main character of the poem, instead of Johnny, as it is mainly her search for Johnny that the narrative follows. Similarly, G. H. Durrant claims that "the essential meaning of the poem" is conveyed in how Betty's love "leads [Johnny] safely and serenely through [his] perils," while she "suffers fear and anguish on his behalf." Zachary Leader, however, argues for the opposite, claiming that it is Johnny's "oddity" that "takes centre stage" in the poem.

Karen Guendel has noted that the poem "invites us to question Betty's judgement," and that, in light of her reckless decision to send out her son into the night and her failure to acquire help for her neighbour, it is her fancy that motivates her decision-making, rather than her love for Johnny or her rationality, as she "daydreams idly, casting Johnny and herself as the hero and heroine of various shopworn plots." This, according to Guendel, may be read as Wordsworth's critique of sensationalist popular literature.

Author's Comments
Wordsworth commented on the "purpose" of the poem in the 1802 Preface to Lyrical Ballads, saying that it adheres to his goal to "follow the fluxes and refluxes of the mind when agitated by the great and simple affectations of our nature" by "tracing the maternal passion through many of its more subtle windings." In the Fenwick Notes he explained:

"The last stanza—'the Cocks did crow to-whoo, to-whoo, And the sun did shine so cold' was the foundation of the whole. The words were reported to me by my dear friend, Thomas Poole; but I have since heard the same repeated of other Idiots. Let me add that this long poem was composed in the groves of Alfoxden, almost extempore; not a word, I believe, being corrected, though one stanza was omitted. I mention this in gratitude to those happy moments, for, in truth, I never wrote anything with so much glee."

Wordsworth's fondness of the poem has been identified "a frustrated desire for his dead mother," Ann Wordsworth, though this claim has also been disputed as too simplistic an assumption. His and his narrator's pleasure in narration have also been connected with the exploration of transgressive maternal love, melancholy and "the originary deviance of poetry."

Wordsworth's sister, Dorothy Wordsworth, was similarly "enchanted" with the poem.

Responses to Criticism
Wordsworth defended the poem against John Wilson's critique in his letter from 7 June 1802, claiming that his negative response to "an Idiot" as the subject of the poem was caused by "petty social prejudice" of the higher social strata, enabled by their ability to isolate themselves from intellectually disabled people. He also commented that he wrote the poem with "exceeding delight and pleasure," and claimed that his usage of the word "idiot" was unavoidable, as he knew no better word "to which we had attached passion" to replace it with, mentioning "lack-wit," "half-wit," and "witless" as alternatives. This has been read as a signal of him "[aiming] at the semantic reorientation" of the word.

Wordsworth has been said to exoticize and glorify intellectually disabled people in his letter to Wilson, granting them "visionary privilege."

"I have often applied to Idiots in my own mind, that sublime expression of scripture that, 'their life is hidden with God' . [...] I have indeed often looked upon the conduct of fathers and mothers of the lower classes of society towards Idiots as the great triumph of the human heart. It is there that we see the strength, disinterestedness, and grandeur of love [...]."

He also partially conceded to Wilson's concept of repulsion towards intellectual disability as an element of human nature, as what he claimed was the factor distinguishing Johnny from other intellectually disabled people, "usually disgusting in their persons," was his ability to produce speech.

Connections with Other Works

 * "The Idiot Boy" as well as Wordsworth's "The Somersetshire Tragedy" have been connected with Thomas Poole's "John Walford" – an account of a murder of an intellectually disabled woman called Jenny by her husband.
 * Shortly before the publication of Lyrical Ballads, on 30 June 1798 issue of  The Morning Post there appeared a poem titled "The Idiot" written by Robert Southey. In line with the contemporary "standards of correctness," the poem avoids using a word similar to Johnny's "burr" when describing the sounds made by an intellectually disabled person, instead using the phrase "half artic'late call" (line 10).
 * Johnny's voyage has been compared with the journey to the underworld taken by Virgil's Aeneas in the Aeneid, as the "holly-bough" that Johnny holds in his hand (mentioned in lines 57-61 and 87-91) seems to allude to the golden bough which Aeneas sought for safety in his travel, and as Virgil's depiction of the underworld seems to reflect Betty's vision of Johnny's ill fate. The maternal love of Betty has also been connected with Cyrene's strength-endowing "effluence" from Virgil's Georgics.
 * Charles Dickens'  Barnaby Rudge  has been said to "[owe] something of his origin to Johnny Foy", as they share "an undefined, good-natured dementia" and are "most fully connected with humanity through the unfailing devotion of their respective mothers."
 * The poem's narrator has been compared to Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy, as they both have difficulty finishing their stories, and their respective invocations appear only towards the end of both works.
 * Johnny's account of his voyage has been connected with Henry Vaughan's "The Night," as "the paradoxical interplay between sun and moon, heat and cold, darkness and light" is likewise key to Vaughan's poem.

Other Works by Wordsworth

 * Wordsworth described "The Idiot Boy" along with his "The Mad Mother" as poems pertaining to "maternal passion" in the Preface to Lyrical Ballads.
 * Wordsworth mentions the plot of "The Idiot Boy" in book XIV of his autobiographical poem The Prelude (lines 397-406). "The Idiot Boy" has also been likened to the Winander boy episode of Book V of The Prelude, as both Johnny and the Winander boy echo the sound of the owls. The Snowdon episode of Book XIII of the 1805 edition of The Prelude, as well as Wordsworth's "A Night Piece," have been connected with "The Idiot Boy" as pieces "featuring a lunar epiphany."
 * The moonlight is also mentioned in Wordsworth's "Peter Bell," which seems to allude to Johnny's journey, and has even been dubbed the poem's sequel.
 * The narrator's appeal to the muses has been connected with Wordsworth's "Simon Lee," the speaker of which similarly seems to "[rebuke] his reader for wanting sentimental stories and arousing incidents."
 * Johnny has been grouped with the leach-gatherer from "Resolution and Independence", Luke from "Michael" and Lucy Gray as Wordsworth's "[intermediaries] between [nature] and man".
 * The poem has been grouped with other "Pre-Goslar poems with vagrants or itinerants as subjects," such as "The Thorn," "The Mad Mother," "Old Man Travelling" and "The Complaint of a forsaken Indian Woman" as allusions to their "substantial literary precedents (wandering bard or minstrel; pilgrim; knight-errant)."

Connections with Coleridge

 * The poem has been compared with Coleridge's "Christabel" as "particularly valuable in tandem" due to their "complementary" explorations "of language, [its] divinity [...] and how [its] use and misuse [...] may at once both reveal and hide thoughts".
 * The poem has been connected with Coleridge's "The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner" as well as Wordsworth's "The Female Vagrant" as "a more light-hearted instance of [their] pattern of departure and return." Moreover, "both Johnny and the [Mariner] have imaginative experiences illuminated by moonlight," and both poems "conclude with a provocative undercutting of narrative expectations."
 * Coleridge's Osorio has also been noted to anticipate the motives of the owls, moonlight, caverns and the waterfall found in "The Idiot Boy."

Parody

 * Wordsworth complains about an apparent parody of his poem written by Peter Bayley in his letter to Walter Scott from 16 October 1803. The poem was titled "The Fisherman's Wife."
 * The poem has been alluded to in an anonymously published poem called "Benjamin the Wagonner, A Ryghte merrie and conceited Tale in Verse" printed in the 1819 Literary Gazette. Just as "The Idiot Boy" describes the "happy, happy, happy John" (96), the parody speaks of "Happy, happy, happy people / Happy, ignorant of law," imagined by Wordsworth on a visit to "a fanciful country."
 * George Byron alluded to "The Idiot Boy" in lines (259-266) of his 1840 poem called "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers: A Satire."

title: The Idiot Boy


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File:MahavishnuOrchestraBirdsOfFirealbumcover.jpg

Summary
Cover of the Mahavishnu Orchestra album Birds Of Fire.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Jianshui County

Jianshui County (Hani: Jeifsyu) is a city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan province, China. and remains an important transportation crossroad. Previously, it has been known as Lin'an or Huili ; today, the name Lin'an Town is retained by Jianshui's county seat.

Geography
To the east lies Kaiyuan, to the west Shiping, to the southeast Gejiu and Yuanyang, to the north Tonghai and Huaning.

Administrative divisions
Jianshui County has 8 towns and 6 townships.
 * 8 towns
 * 6 townships

Tourist attractions

 * Chao Yang Lou (Old East City Gate), Formerly known as Yinghuimen, Located at the eastern end of Lin'an Road, southeast of the county town. Built in the 22nd year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1389).
 * Hutongs or 'old neighbourhoods' with cobbled streets and stone wells.
 * Temple of Confucius, Jianshui - one of the largest Confucian temples in China, after that of Qufu, Shandong, Confucius' home town.
 * Shuanglong Bridge (pinyin 'shuang long qiao'), commonly known as Seventeen Span Bridge, a Qing Dynasty bridge outside of the town. It is located five kilometers west of the town, where the Minjiang River and the Luochong River meet.
 * Zhu's Garden, The restored Qing Dynasty The homes and ancestral homes built by the brothers Zhu Xiqing in the late Qing Dynasty.
 * Ancient Buddhist towers, like Chongwen Tower.
 * Tuanshan Residence, an ancient Yi village which is located 13 kilometers west of Jianshui Ancient City.
 * The Swallow Cave, Located in the mountain gorge 22 kilometers east of Jianshui County, Named after a million large white-waisted swallows nest in the cave.

title: Jianshui County


text:
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title: User talk:Kanito~enwiki


text: Category:1962 singles

title: Category:1962 singles


text:
Soldier of Fortune

Soldier of fortune or Soldier of Fortune may refer to:

 * Mercenary, sometimes known as a soldier of fortune

Film

 * Soldier of Fortune (1955 film), starring Clark Gable and Susan Hayward
 * Soldier of Fortune (1976 film), an Italian film starring Bud Spencer
 * Laser Mission, a 1990 film also titled Soldier of Fortune, featuring Brandon Lee and Ernest Borgnine
 * Soldiers of Fortune (1919 film), a lost American silent drama
 * Soldiers of Fortune (2012 film), an action comedy starring Sean Bean, Ving Rhames and Christian Slater

Television

 * Soldier of Fortune, Inc., a 1997–1998 television show (later renamed Special Ops Force)
 * Soldiers of Fortune (TV series), a 1955 television series
 * Soldier of Fortune (1982 TV series), a TVB television series

Video games

 * Soldier of Fortune (video game), a 2000 first-person shooter game created by Raven Software
 * Soldier of Fortune II: Double Helix, 2002 sequel
 * Soldier of Fortune: Payback, 2007 sequel
 * The Chaos Engine, a 1993 action game, sold as Soldiers of Fortune in the United States
 * Soldier of Fortune, a Commodore 64 game
 * Soldier of Fortune, a ZX Spectrum game

Literature

 * Soldiers of Fortune, an 1897 novel by Richard Harding Davis
 * Soldier of Fortune, a 2003 biography about Emil Lewis Holmdahl by Douglas V. Meed
 * Soldier of Fortune (magazine)

Albums

 * Soldiers of Fortune (album), a 1986 album by Outlaws
 * Soldier of Fortune (Loudness album) a 1989 album by Loudness
 * Soldier of Fortune (Eric Burdon album), a 1997 album by Eric Burdon

Songs

 * "Soldier of Fortune" (Deep Purple song) (1974)
 * "Soldier of Fortune" (John Paul Young song) (1983)
 * "Soldier of Fortune", from Bad Reputation (1977) by Thin Lizzy
 * "Soldier of Fortune", from I've Got the Rock'n'Rolls Again (1981) by The Joe Perry Project
 * "Soldier of Fortune", from Bodies and Souls (1983) by The Manhattan Transfer
 * "Soldier of Fortune", from Soldier of Fortune (1989) by Loudness
 * "Soldier of Fortune", from Ghost Reveries (2005) by Opeth
 * "Soldier of Fortune", from End of Disclosure (2013) by Hypocrisy

Other uses

 * Soldier of Fortune (horse), 2007 Irish Derby winner

title: Soldier of Fortune


text:
Talk:Tartan Day

Scottish National Tourist Board
It says "the Scottish national tourist board, now exploits the festivities to promote tourism in Scotland". I think that comment is unfair and the words "now exploits the festivities to promote tourism in Scotland" should not be in an encyclopedia. This is the opinion of someone I feel. It this is an official quote it should be stated. Scot24 12:42, 5 April 2010
 * It is true, and there are sources for it, which I'll get to later, but it certainly shouldn't be phrased in negative, unencyclopedic language like that.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:00, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Done, with a lot more than the tourism board covered.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  01:32, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

Pageviews
I don't know if it made it onto the front page, but just look at the pageviews for 6 April 2009! And interestingly this year saw 4.5x as many viewers as the 4028 hits on 6 April 2008. Well I find that stuff interesting... I guess it'd be nice to have this at GA in time for next year - the quality of the referencing could do with some work, and just general copyediting and filling out some gaps. Le Deluge (talk) 18:54, 15 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Still needs works, because the NZ section is a sect-stub; lots of the sources for the original material of the article can't be verified (offline newspaper stories with no online versions that can be found); coverage of Scottish government and business involvement is heavily US-skewed; coverage of events in Australia, Canada, Argentina, even the US aside from NYC and DC, have not been much explored.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  01:35, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

External links modified
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Ambiguous sentence
"Little was done to follow up the New York event in 1982."

This sentence is coming out of the blue with no clear connection to anything before or after. Unless it's resolved, it should be removed.

ICE77 (talk) 08:32, 12 February 2023 (UTC)
 * It was weird nonsense anyway, since there is no evidence of any such event in 1982. I've removed the material in question.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  00:01, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

Additional sources
This will be pertinent:

More: — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  02:21, 2 August 2023 (UTC); rev'd. 15:02, 7 August 2023 (UTC)
 * – Has a chapter on Tartan Day.
 * – Has a chapter on Tartan Day.

Change to non-US ENGVAR and date format
I propose changing the English variety and date format used in this article away from American, since a) the event was not invented in the US and is not closely associated with the US (it was invented in Canada, and is associated with numerous countries); and b) it's jarring to be reading all the Scotland- and Highland-dress-related articles in what can generally be called Commonwealth English only to have this one article veer into American spellings and date order; and c) it's editorially a butt-pain, because source citations cannot just be copied from one article to another but have to be edited for date formatting, and if material is merged into this article or out of it, the spellings will have to change. I'm willing to do the conversion in this article; should only take a few minutes. PS: The article was not entirely consistently using a single DATEVAR, but was leaning strongly enough American I thought it worth asking (and normalizing that and the spelling to American in the interim to agree with the general pattern; it's better that it be in one not-necessarily ideal variant than veering back and forth between two). — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  13:28, 23 July 2023 (UTC); postscript added 04:30, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Yes. Changing to the non-US language and date format is justified (totally) since this event is a non-US (European rather) event, meaning that it was not originated in the US. Note that dates with the reference citation do not need to be changed if the proper date template tag is put at the top of the article. With that (date) template, most all of the dates within reference citations will automatically be rendered properly. --L.Smithfield (talk) 11:50, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Technically, it started in Canada, and Australia is probably the main "celebrant" location after .ca and .us, but in the end it would resolve to the same spelling and date formatting changes.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  22:22, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * The possible problem with changing this article to non-US language and dates is that the event is now really a global one, with extensive celebrations within the US. The main photograph featured in the article is a famous actor celebrating the event in Washington, DC in the United States! You might want to change the main image to one that features a celebration in Europe, or perhaps Scotland or Canada. I still support the change to non-US since the event is an international one (but one in which the US now also celebrates). --L.Smithfield (talk) 11:56, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * That won't be the only image when I'm done with the article, though which one comes first won't really be relevant to the question.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  22:22, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * It's a judgement call, but I'd say that this should probably be in Canadian English. The article started out US-centric, but Canada seems to have claim on its origins and is international. It's clearly doesn't have any significance within Scotland. -- Escape Orbit  (Talk) 13:30, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * The connection with Scotland is that tartans originated (were invented in) in Scotland. There would be no celebrations of tartans if they (tartans) had never been invented in the first place. The Scottish do consider tartans to be a serious and special cultural heritage of theirs (at least as serious as a tartan can be taken), but it is true that it was not Scotland that originated tartan day. I would agree with using Canadian English, since the event originated in Canada (as already mentioned). --L.Smithfield (talk) 16:16, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * And that's not the only Scotland-involving stuff, but I haven't written that material yet. But Canadian English was the template I was going to use. The actual effect on the text will be the same regardless whether it was Canadian or Scottish or Austrlian, since they all use the same spellings for the words in question and (generally) the same non-US date format [Technically, I know a handful of Canadians who prefer "July 26, 2023" date order, but that's just anecdote.]  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  22:22, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree with the change, because there is a connection with Scotland, and also because it has been properly discussed on this talk page. But L. Smithfield seems to be advancing the argument that because it a European event, it should use British spelling and the day-month-year date format. The preference for British spelling and dmy dates only applies if the article is strongly connected to an English-speaking country that follows those customs. If they were about somewhere else in Europe, such as France or Greece, American spelling and dates would be appropriate if they were the choice made when the article was first written. Jc3s5h (talk) 22:15, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Agreed in principle, but the only non-English speaking countries of relevance seem (from research so far) to be France (where the events are defunct) and Argentina; it's mainly about Canada, the US, Australia, NZ, and Scotland itself, which all use DMY format [for the most part] except the US. And a careful read of MOS:ENGVAR makes clear that what the original choice was is basically irrelevant, in that we don't change away from the original choice unless there is a consensus to do so based on good reasons, which is what this discussion is about. That there was an original choice can't be used to short-circuit that kind of consensus discussion or invalidate its reasons. It's just a default to fall back on if the discussion can't come to consensus. :-)  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  22:22, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I was not advocating for British spelling (I made no mention of British spelling), but rather agreeing that Canadian spelling would not be inappropriate (as per my comments above). Actually, my position is that because the event is international, that the spelling used need not be particularly bound to the US spelling (or the US date format). I think that this is the position that user SMcCandlish wanted to inquire about in the first place. --L.Smithfield (talk) 00:16, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Support - I'll just add that wikiproject Scotland is the only national proj to claim this! Johnbod (talk) 22:35, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I guess we could add others, but probably not France since the events are defunct there; I'm not sure this page would be of any interest at all to France-focused editors, though NZ, AU, etc. ones might care about it, e.g. if they are working on events or holidays.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  04:34, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Done, after poring over the templates' parameter lists.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  01:58, 31 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tartan Day


text:
Kenneth Maxwell

Kenneth Robert Maxwell (born 3 February 1941) is a British historian of Iberia and Latin America, educated at St John’s College, Cambridge University, where he studied under Professor Sir Harry Hinsley, Ronald Robinson, Edward Miller, and Jonathan Steinberg (1960-1963).

Career
In 1963, Kenneth Maxwell studied at the University of Madrid and was a Gulbenkian grantee in Lisbon in 1964. In September 1964 he entered the graduate program in Latin American History at Princeton University where his supervisor was Professor Stanley Stein.

He was a Newberry library-Gulbenkian fellow in Chicago (1968-1969). He was appointed an assistant and later an associate professor of Luso-Brazilian history at the University of Kansas in Lawrence. From 1971 until 1972 he was the Herodotus fellow in the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. Between 1972 and 1975 he remained at the Institute with the support of a Rockefeller Foundation grant in the school of historical studies and between 1974-75 as a joint appointment in the school of historical studies and the newly established school of social sciences. He was a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow from 1975-76 (gf.org) He was appointed an associate professor of history at Columbia University (1976-1984) and was the director of the Camões Center at Columbia University from 1988-1999. He was a senior fellow at the Research Institute on International Change at Columbia University from 1978-1992 and a Senior Research Associate at the Institute for Latin American Studies at Columbia University from 1992-2000. He was the program director of the Tinker Foundation (1979-1983). A long-time member of the Council on Foreign Relations for fifteen years he headed its Latin America Studies Program and was the director of studies and vice-president in 1996. He was the first Nelson and David Rockefeller Senior Fellow for Inter-American Affairs (1996-2004). He was the Western Hemisphere book reviewer for Foreign Affairs from 1995 until 2004. His 13 May 2004 resignation from the council and Foreign Affairs involved a major controversy over whether there had been a breach of the so-called "church-state separation" between the council itself and its magazine Foreign Affairs. As of 2004 Maxwell was a professor of History at Harvard University and a senior fellow at Harvard University David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, where he established and was the founding director the Brazil Studies Program (2004-2013). He was a weekly columnist for the Folha de São Paulo (2005-2015) and Globo (2015- ) and has written for the New York Review of Books and other publications. He was a Visiting associate professor of Latin American and Caribbean Studies at New York University (1978–79), a Visiting Professor of History and Latin American Studies at Princeton (1985–86) and a Visiting Professor of History at Yale (1991–92). He donated his collection of books on Brazil, Portugal and Latin America to the Library, St. John's College, Cambridge University. On June 5,2024, The Federal University of Sergipe in Brazil awarded Professor Kenneth Maxwell a doutor honoris causa (Portal UFS httpse://www.ufs.br > conteudo > 74400 - ufs - cocede - doc... ) UFS concede Doutor Honoris Causa a Kenneth Maxwell.

Selected bibliography

 * Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750-1808 (Cambridge University Press,1973)
 * Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750-1808 (Routledge, 2004)
 * A Devassa da Devassa, A Inconfidência Mineira: Brasil e Portugal 1750-1808 (Paz e Terra, 1977)
 * Spanish Constitution (ed) Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University (1998)
 * A Devassa da Devassa (7a edição ampliada e ilustrada, Paz e Terra, 2010)
 * The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy (ed) (Greenwood Press,1983)
 * Portugal: Ten Years after the Revolution (ed) (Research Institute on International Change) (1984)
 * Spain’s Prospects, (ed) The Spanish Institute, New York (1985)
 * Soviet dilemmas in Latin America: Pragmatism or Ideology (with Susan Clark) (1989)
 * Portugal: Ancient Country, New Democracy (ed) Wilson Center Press, Washington D.C (1989)
 * Portugal in the 1980s (ed) (Greenwood Press, 1988)
 * Spanish Foreign and Defense Policy (ed) (Westview, 1991)
 * Portuguese Defense and Foreign Policy (ed) Camões Center, Columbia University, (1991)
 * Portugal: The Constitution and the consolidation of Democracy (Camões Center, 1991)
 * The New Spain: From Isolation to Influence (Council on Foreign Relations,1994)
 * Political Democracy in Portugal on its 20th anniversary (Council on Foreign Relations,1994)
 * The Making of Portuguese Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 1995)
 * A construção da Democracia em Portugal (Presença, 1997)
 * Pombal, Paradox of the Enlightenment (Cambridge University Press,1995)
 * Marquês de Pombal: Paradoxo do Iluminismo (Paz e Terra, 1996)
 * Task Force Report, A letter to the President on Brazil policy (New York, 2001)
 * O Império Derrotada, Revolução e Democracia em Portugal (Companhia das Letras, 2006)
 * O Marquês de Pombal: Ascensão e Queda, (Manuscrito, 2015)
 * Chocolate, Piratas e Outros Malandros, Ensaios Tropicais, (Paz e Terra, 1999)
 * O Marquês de Pombal (Presença, 2001)
 * Mais Malandros, Ensaios Tropicais e Outros (Paz e Terra, 2002)
 * Naked Tropics: Essays on Empire and Other Rogues (Rutledge, 2003)
 * Brazil Studies Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.,(Report on Activities, 2006/2007)
 * O Livro de Tiradentes (cordinator)(Penguin/Companhia das Letras, 2013)
 * An Historian of the 18th Century Looks at the Contemporary World (ed) Robbin Laird (2023)
 * Brazil in a Changing World Order: Essays by Kenneth Maxwell (ed) Robbin Laird (2024)

Honours:

Grande Cruz, Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico, Brazil, 1996 Commander, Ordem do Rio Branco, Brazil, 1997 Grande Oficial, Ordem do Infante D. Henrique, Portugal, 2003 John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, 1985–86 Luso-American Foundation Fellow, 1986–87 Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, 1989-2004 Honorary Fellow, Institute of Romance Studies, University of London (1993-) Sócio Correspondente Estrangeiro, Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (1994-) Doutor Honoris Causa, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil (2024).

Board member:

LASPAU (1996-1997) American Portuguese Society, (1979-1997) Tinker Foundation (2002-2008) Americas Watch/Americas (Advisory Board) (1996- Luso-American Foundation, Advisory Council (1996-2000) Spanish Institute (1997-2004) David Rockefeller Center, Harvard University, Advisory Committee (2010)

Consultant

Ford Foundation, Brazil Office, (1985–87) Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington D.C. (1989-1990) Institute for Defense Analysis, Washington, D.C. (1986-1992) Hewlett Foundation. Mexico Program Review (1992) Tinker Foundation (review of Tinker Chairs (1985-1987)

title: Kenneth Maxwell


text:
Talk:So Long a Letter

Jmccullough8 (talk) 00:37, 13 February 2017 (UTC)

Untitled
I think we should also elaborate more on the culture and society of the main character. How people deal with deal with death is very culturally induced and I think that it could give a better understanding of the view point from the character. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jeaneolivera (talk • contribs) 13:57, 12 February 2017 (UTC) I definitely think we should elaborate more on the first section, the description of the plot, and add a lot more details. I like the character list but we can edit it once we read the book and get to know the characters! And then we could add a section somewhere about how the plot of the book relates to the condition of women in Western African society.

I recommend we talk about women suffrage in the World at that time and how it affected a lot of relationship in Africa. Religion has been a very strong tool toward inhumane behaviors amongst people even up to till date. I suggest we elaborate women religious rites in most Islamic states during the time.

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 August 2019 and 11 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): KeyGSU, Selinasefaw.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:34, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jeaneolivera, Omojayd, Jmccullough8, Handerson14. Peer reviewers: Iosaghae1.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:34, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
My rough and somewhat literal translation: Une si longue lettre (So long a letter) is a major work because of what it says about the condition of women. At its heart lies the letter which one of them, Ramatoulaye, addresses to her best friend, during the traditional reclusion which follows her widowhood. In it she evokes their happy memories of when they were students who were impatient to change the world, and of the hope inspired by the Independences (?). But she also recalls the forced marriages, and the absence of women's rights. And while her step-family come to nimbly take over the affairs of the deceased, Ramatoulaye sadly evokes the day when her husband took another, younger wife, ruining 25 years of life together and of love. The Senegalese Mariama Bâ is the first African novelist to describe with such clarity (literally with such light) the place given to women in her society.
 * Kappa 00:55, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I have used your translation for improving the article. Sietse 13:06, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

--

"^that was less than half of the plot you idiot"

to whomever wrote the above gem, which was nicely placed in the text of the article itself: you sir, are the idiot. if you've got a problem, fix it yourself, don't just bitch about it.

Fair use rationale for Image:MariamaBa SoLongALetter.jpg
Image:MariamaBa SoLongALetter.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 05:10, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Study Guide?
Not to mention that it is in French, I don't see the reason why any Wikipedia article should have a study guide. This is a reference tool and should have informative about the novel, not a way to help people study. I plan to remove that section. --chemica (talk) 19:03, 17 February 2008 (UTC) Jmccullough8 (talk) 00:37, 13 February 2017 (UTC) I agreed we Should focus the article on The Women in Africa, 00:37, 13 February 2017 (UTC)Jmccullough8 (talk)

Student Article Review
I think you all did a very good job in providing information on all the important elements of the story (characters, theme, synopsis). I don't there is anything I would change, except perhaps talking of the author's personal experiences that lead to the creation of the article with a link to the Wiki article on the novel's author. Other than that exceptionally done! Iosaghae1 (talk) 01:07, 13 April 2017 (UTC)

w
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh 16255 more... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.236.39.60 (talk) 09:55, 24 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:So Long a Letter


text:
Category:Dick Tracy characters

Fictional characters from the comic strip Dick Tracy.

title: Category:Dick Tracy characters


text: User talk:81.197.53.182

title: User talk:81.197.53.182


text:
User:Wikityke

Wiki-ing since June 2004

Just another Wiki-contributor.

title: User:Wikityke


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Giant armadillo

Giant armadillo
The text of the article was copied from with "giant armadillo" replacing "beautiful armadillo". DCEdwards1966 00:58, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * You want Copyright problems. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:15, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * No, I'm saying the article needs to be deleted. It was copied from another site and then modified to describe the wrong animal. DCEdwards1966 02:28, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Listing it on copyright problems will result in its deletion, without having to deal with people like Ld who seem to want copyright violations lying around in article history. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:29, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I didn't know that. I have listed it there. DCEdwards1966
 * Keep and rewrite -[[User:Ld|Ld | talk]] 02:25, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Del copyvio via WP:CP & move Giant armadillo/Temp to it. --Jerzy(t) 08:15, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)


text: Category:1976 singles

title: Category:1976 singles


text:
Sheppard West station

Sheppard West (formerly Downsview) is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station, which is located near the intersection of Sheppard Avenue West and Allen Road, opened in 1996 in what was then the City of North York, and the commuter parking lot opened in July 2005. It was the northwestern terminus of the line for over two decades, until the opening of the Toronto–York Spadina Subway Extension on December 17, 2017.

When this station opened, it was among the first accessible stations of the Toronto subway system, and the first to be purpose-built as such. The station also features Wi-Fi service.

History
Sheppard West station (then named Downsview) was opened in 1996 as a one-stop extension north of Wilson station. The reason for such a short extension was that the provincial government was offering funds for subway expansion as part of the Network 2011 plan, but was debating whether the extension should form a link between the Spadina line and a future phase of the proposed Sheppard Line (which was only approved with a western terminus at the-then Sheppard station on the Yonge line), or continue further north, either to York University or as part of a loop to join the Spadina and Yonge line branches along the hydro corridor north of Finch Avenue. As an eventual Spadina line extension was later contemplated in any case, the short extension was built with the station constructed on a north–south alignment which favoured a further northward extension.

Construction of an access track to Wilson Yard branching off the mainline south of station began in 2009 but was mothballed after a tunnel was completed in 2010. Track was not laid and the tunnel was sealed off with hoarding. However, the tunnel was put into service in 2018 after completion of an ongoing expansion project to expand the Wilson Yard.

Concurrent with the opening of an extension on December 17, 2017, this station became one of the first eight stations to discontinue sales of legacy TTC fare media (tokens and tickets), previously available at a fare collector booth. Presto vending machines were available to sell Presto cards and to load funds onto them. On May 3, 2019, this station became one of the first ten stations to sell Presto tickets via Presto vending machines.

Name
Originally, the TTC named the station Downsview due to its intended role as a transfer point for Line 4 Sheppard, which was planned to extend west of Yonge Street and intersect with the western segment of Line 1. Downsview was the winning entry in a public naming competition. Another name considered was Wilson Heights.

On May 7, 2017, the station was renamed Sheppard West in preparation for the opening of the new Downsview Park station later that year. The TTC believed that the name Downsview did not accurately reflect the station's location and would lead commuters to believe that Downsview Park was easily accessible from the station, when in fact the upcoming northern station would be a better option for accessing the park. The name change cost $800,000, with most of the funds going towards the reconfiguration of the Toronto Rocket subway trains' automated announcement system and destination signs, which was already required for the subway extension. Of this amount, $150,000 was used for updating signs and maps on TTC vehicles and properties.

Prior to the name change, Downsview was the only station in the system to have its name displayed in mixed-case lettering on the platform walls. The new name is rendered in uppercase lettering, using the traditional Toronto Subway typeface, on placards that obscure the old name. Smaller text at the bottom acknowledges the station's previous name.

Architecture and art
The station was designed by Adamson Associates Architects (above grade buildings and mezzanine) and The Stevens Group Architects (below grade). The subway platform lacks pillars and the ceiling is high and curved, evoking an aircraft hangar. High ceilings, skylights and an exceptionally large mezzanine make the station feel open and airy. Natural light reaches all areas of the station including the subway platform. The offset, glassed-in access walkway above the platform overlooks it and gives passengers views of passing trains below. Originally, the walkway was divided by a sinuous barrier as it ran through both the fare-paid and unpaid areas, with the unpaid half leading from an entrance at the north end of the station to the main fare concourse. The barrier was removed after this entrance had Presto card paddle fare gates installed in 2017. As a result, the north side entrance to the station is now a fully automated entrance and is only accessible to those using Presto.

The station features two pieces of artwork:
 * Sliding Pi is a large scale wall mosaic by Calgary artist Arlene Stamp. It can be viewed when travelling between the bus platform and the mezzanine level. The work shows colourful overlapping rectangles with the amount of overlap mathematically determined by the digits in the number pi. The overlapping pattern is non-repeating and gives the impression to viewers that the rectangles are sliding to one side.
 * Boney Bus, created by John McKinnon in 2000, is located in front of the station and consists of an abstract bus shape made from aluminum beams with basalt "wheels".

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include Downsview Park, which was the site of the World Youth Day Papal Visit in 2002 and the SARSstock concert in 2003. It is the site of an airstrip once used by a military base (CFB Toronto), and by an aircraft manufacturer (DeHavilland), separating the station area from the original village of Downsview. William Lyon Mackenzie Collegiate Institute lies to the northeast in the Bathurst Manor neighbourhood.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
The subway platform is located underground east of Allen Road. There is a complex crossover just south of the station, which incorporates a switch to a single track which branches off to the west in a tunnel to access Wilson Yard. The line continues underground for 750 m and crosses to the west side of the road; after exiting at the Clanton Park Portal, the line runs on the surface past Wilson Yard and passes the original north access track to it. South of this point, the line partially uses what were originally the non-revenue yard access tracks north of Wilson, the previous terminal station. North of the station, the line turns sharply northwest to cross under Allen Road again, then leaves Allen Road's alignment and heads via a compound curve toward Downsview Park station. Immediately north of the station, there is a trackless third tunnel between the service tunnels, built when the station was a terminus to accommodate a potential third tail track, but which may now be used to house a potential pocket track.

Surface connections

Several TTC routes serve the station, as does one York Region Transit (YRT) route. For YRT bus riders, disembarking is done on-street outside the station as additional fares are required when transferring between YRT and the TTC.

Proposed Line 4 extension
The original plans for Line 4 Sheppard called for it to terminate at this station (then Downsview) and connect there with Line 1, but during construction in the late 1990s, the extension of Line 4 was halted after the first phase due to funding issues. Plans to extend Line 4 are currently inactive, but some local politicians (such as former Toronto mayor Rob Ford) have tried to revive the Line 4 expansion.

title: Sheppard West station


text:
User talk:Gwk

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- John Fader 00:59, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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Billy Boys
I would ask you to reconsider your vote for deletion as this article has now been expanded. PatGallacher 17:51, 2005 July 16 (UTC)

Vancouver Skybridge
Hi, Just wondering why you moved the article for the Skybridge in Vancouver from Vancouver Skybridge to Skybridge (Vancouver). Nothing was mentioned on the talk page so I thought I'd ask you directly. Dismas 20:28, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
 * It seemed logical, given that the bridge is simply called "Skybridge", not "Vancouver Skybridge". At any rate, I thought it was OK to do at the time, since "Skybridge" redirects to "Skyway" or something like that. Gwk 23:36, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Articles For Deletion
Hi, a while ago you made some comments about the presence of bible-verse articles, and/or source texts of the bible, and you may therefore be interested in related new discussions:
 * A discussion about 200 articles, one each for the first 200 verses of Matthew - Centralized discussion/200 verses of Matthew
 * A discussion about 18 articles, one each for the first 18 verses of John 20 - Centralized discussion/Verses of John 20
 * A discussion about whether or not the entire text of a whole bible chapter should be contained in the 6 articles concerning those specific chapters - Centralized discussion/Whole bible chapter text.

--Victim of signature fascism | Don't forget to vote in the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee elections 18:25, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Portoportugalaerial.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gwk


text:
Wilson station (Toronto)

Wilson is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the median of Allen Road at Wilson Avenue. Wi-Fi service is available at this station. The station is accessible, has two parking lots, bike parking and connects to many bus routes.

History
Wilson Station was opened in what was then the Borough of North York as the last station in the 1978 subway line extension north from St. George Station. According to historian Mike Filey, Wilson Avenue is a misspelling of Arthur L. Willson, who was a clerk and treasurer of York Township for over twelve years around 1875. Among Arthur Willson's accomplishments were writing a "municipal manual", "which has been found of practical value as a guide to those requiring a knowledge of municipal law", according to a history of the County of York.

Wilson was the northwestern terminus of the Yonge–University line for eighteen years and a major hub for TTC bus service, but with the extension to (then named Downsview) in 1996, many of the bus routes serving areas to the north were moved to the new station.

Concurrent with the opening of the Toronto–York Spadina Subway Extension (TYSSE) on 17 December 2017, this station became one of the first eight stations to discontinue sales of legacy TTC fare media (tokens and tickets), previously available at a fare collector booth. Presto vending machines were available to sell Presto cards and to load funds onto them. On 3 May 2019, this station became one of the first ten stations to sell Presto tickets via Presto vending machines.

In November 2018, construction began on three new elevators, automatic sliding doors, and a new accessible washroom, to make the station wheelchair accessible. It was completed on 18 December 2020.

By the late 1990s, over 2,000 commuter parking spaces were available. Two lots were declared surplus in 2013 and have been redeveloped. , 953 parking spaces remain at Wilson, however the city government reached an agreement with developer Tridel in October 2021 to build 1,484 new homes, a childcare centre and a new park on the main parking lot. Following the opening of the subway extension into York Region in 2017, new commuter parking lots are available farther north at stations like Highway 407 and Pioneer Village.

Architecture and art
Wilson is one of two Yonge–University line stations on the west side of the line, along with, that were designed by the TTC's in-house architects.

The subway station building is a simple enclosed concrete structure built within the median of Allen Road where it crosses over Wilson Avenue. The mezzanine level connects by a maze of tunnels to the bus terminal, a kiss-and-ride facility and four commuter parking lots with a total of 2257 spaces. An additional island bus platform, no longer needed for the reduced number of connecting buses after the line was extended to Sheppard West Station, was mothballed and now serves as a storage area.

Wilson station is home to multiple art displays. A wall sculpture by Ted Bieler entitled Canyons is located at the mezzanine level. In late 2019, Outside the Lines was installed in multiple parts of the station. The display can be found in various locations, such as the subway platform level, walkway to bus bays, and on the second floor of the bus bays.

In October 2021, a mural named Daily Migration was unveiled. The mural is located on a wall of an entrance south of the station, west of Allen Road.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
Northwest of the station is the Wilson Yard, opened in 1977, which houses the system's largest subway marshalling yard having taken over Yonge-University line operations from Davisville Yard in 1993 and a large bus garage servicing most of the bus routes in north Toronto. The original yard access tracks form part of the mainline north to station, crossing under the southbound lanes of Allen Road and descending, as does the road itself, down to ground level. There is a diamond crossover south of the station, used to reverse trains when the station was a terminus, and still frequently used for short turning.

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include a Costco store and the southern end of Downsview Park. Across Highway 401 is Yorkdale Shopping Centre. Large events at the park, such as World Youth Day 2002 and Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto in 2003, have resulted in heavy use of Wilson station.

Tenants

 * Donut shop
 * Lottery booth
 * Gateway Newstands

Surface connections

During the early morning, the following routes from Sheppard West station also serve Wilson station.

title: Wilson station (Toronto)


text:
Bayonne (disambiguation)

Bayonne is a city and commune in France.

Bayonne may also refer to:

Europe

 * Arrondissement of Bayonne, an arrondissement of France
 * Bayonne, Spain, a municipality in Spain often referred to by its Galician name, Baiona

United States

 * Bayonne, Nebraska, an unincorporated community in Nebraska, U.S.
 * Bayonne, New Jersey, a city in New Jersey, U.S.
 * Bayonne Bridge, connecting New Jersey and Staten Island, New York, U.S.

Dominican Republic

 * Bayona, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

People with the surname

 * Gilbert Bayonne (born 1988), Haitian-American soccer player
 * Pierre Bayonne (born 1949), Haitian footballer

Other uses

 * Bayonne (musician), a musician from Austin, Texas

title: Bayonne (disambiguation)


text:
Stoneham Mountain Resort

Stoneham Mountain Resort is a ski resort, located north of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, in the municipality of Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury. It has a peak elevation of 593 m above sea level and a vertical drop of 345 m. There are 41 trails covering 333 ha over four mountains. Nineteen trails are available for night skiing, consisting in the largest network of night skiing in Canada. The resort is owned by Resorts of the Canadian Rockies. In 2017, the Poma double ski lift and Doppelmayr T-Bar were removed. A new ski lift was built to replace them, a Doppelmayr 4-CLF fixed-grip lift with loading conveyor. This is 4,700 feet long with a ride time of 8.5 minutes. It has a maximum capacity of 1900 persons per hour.

Notable events
Since 2007, Stoneham Mountain resort has been the host of the Snowboard FIS World Cup Finals, held yearly in March. In January 2013, Stoneham hosted the FIS Snowboarding World Championships. In 1993, the mountain hosted a slalom event of the alpine skiing World Cup, won by one of the most dominant alpine ski racers in history, Alberto Tomba of Italy.

title: Stoneham Mountain Resort


text: User talk:24.174.100.237

title: User talk:24.174.100.237


text:
Look People

Look People was a Canadian alternative rock band formed in 1985 in Toronto. They were known as "outlandishly quirky", and had a moderate hit in 1991 with a cover of War's "Lowrider". They received five CASBY Award nominations for their CD Small Fish, Big Pond.

History
The band formed in 1985 around the lineup of vocalist Jaymz Bee, guitarist Andy Flinn, bassist Walter K. Thut, drummer Mike Weilenmann and percussionist Gerry Scott, aka Great Bob Scott. Flinn left the band and was replaced by Fabio Marc Baltensperger; he left and was replaced by Longo Hai. Weilenmann quit before their first recording, leaving Great Bob Scott to fill the chair as drummer and percussionist.

In 1986, Look People released the EP Stop Making Cheese, which was recorded in Switzerland and released in North America on AMOK Records.

By 1988, the band was down to Bee and Scott, who composed music with producer Walter Zweifel and played several shows with John Bottomley and Chris Bottomley. The following year, a new lineup formed, consisting of Bee, Scott, Clay Tyson, Kevin Hearn, Bazl Salazar and "Aardvark Q. Dardknarbles" (Derek Orford). This lineup (with Richard Underhill on sax)), recorded the band's 1989 EP More Songs About Hats and Chickens. Salazar and Dardknarbles then left the band, and guitarist Longo Hai returned.

In 1990, Look People released their debut album, Small Fish, Big Pond (which includes an appearance by Bob Wiseman).

In 1991, Hypnotic Records released the band's second album Boogazm. Look People then toured Europe, played a couple of Lollapalooza dates, and toured Canada twice. Tyson then left the band and was replaced by Chris Gartner.

In 1993, Look People released their third album, Crazy Eggs, and became the house band for the CBC Television variety show Friday Night with Ralph Benmergui. Following the cancellation of that series, Look People made one final tour of North America and performed their last show at the Palomino Club (North Hollywood), with an opening act of rock music performed by porn stars Madison Ivy, Raven, and Ron Jeremy.

Bee pursued lounge music, forming Jaymz Bee and the Royal Jelly Orchestra. Kevin Hearn, Great Bob Scott, Derek Orford, and Chris Gartner continued working together as Thin Buckle. Jaymz Bee and Great Bob Scott continued to collaborate on music in the bands "Bonzai Suzuki" and "The Tiki Collective". There have been reunion concerts; the band played a show at the 2013 Electric Eclectics Festival In 2019, Derek Orford became ill and the band played a fundraising concert for him at The Dakota Tavern.

Albums

 * Small Fish, Big Pond (1990), Quantum Records
 * Boogazm (1991), Hypnotic Records
 * Crazy Eggs (1993), Hypnotic Records

EPs

 * Stop Making Cheese (1986), AMOK Records
 * More Songs About Hats and Chickens (1989), Quantum Records

title: Look People


text: Category:1964 singles

title: Category:1964 singles


text:
Yorkdale station

Yorkdale is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the median of the William R. Allen Road just south of Highway 401. Opened in 1978, the station is named after the nearby Yorkdale Shopping Centre, to which it is connected by an enclosed walkway.

Connections to GO Transit and Ontario Northland intercity buses are available at Yorkdale Bus Terminal, immediately west of the station.

Entrances

 * Yorkdale Mall west entrance, next to Yorkdale Bus Terminal
 * Ranee Avenue and Allen Road, south entrance (unstaffed entrance)
 * Onramp to Highway 401 and Allen Road, north entrance

Architecture and art
Yorkdale was designed by Arthur Erickson. The station is above ground, and also above street level. It has two tracks: northbound and southbound, and has a centre platform. A dramatic vaulted glass roof spans the length of the single centre platform. It terminates symmetrically at escalators and stairs at both ends of the platform, creating the appearance of a glass dome. The interior walls of the station at platform level are unfinished concrete, but artistically cast, and curve over the tracks to form the ceiling. The shape of the windows on these walls recalls the oval windows of subway trains. On the exterior, these concrete walls are clad with stainless steel.

Handrails on stairs leading to the platform are backlit. Platform shelters are unique to the station, designed in the oval shape which dominates many features in the station, with large windows. Like the centre pillars which hold X-shaped structural supports—distinctive in Toronto's rapid transit system to the station—they are clad in unpainted metal panels.

Yorkdale station won a Governor General's Award for Architecture in 1982.

The station's glass roof originally featured an artwork by Michael Hayden—also responsible for the Sky's the Limit installation at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport—called Arc en ciel (French for "rainbow"). This piece consisted of a large number of mercury-vapour lamps painted in various colours that would light in a pattern, running along the station in the appropriate direction whenever a train went through. In the mid-1990s, it stopped working because of damaged transformers caused by water leakage. Each transformer would have cost just $28 to repair at the time; however, because the TTC had not budgeted for its continued maintenance, it was removed at the artist's request.

At a TTC meeting in September 2010, a deal was made for Oxford Properties, owner of Yorkdale Mall which connects to the station, to pay for the restoration of the installation. The plan calls for the rebuilt piece to use LED lights, allowing for a broader range and customization of colours and patterns. Hayden requested that a maintenance contract be included, and for the piece installed by a Toronto-based company. The cost of such a reinstallation was not known (the original installation cost $100,000) until 13 July 2016, when it was revealed that the Oxford Properties would pay for much of the $500,000 cost to re-install the art installation, with some of the funds being from a pool dedicated to community improvements.

History
In late 2013, the entrance at Ranee Avenue was altered: the south and north driveways were removed, and curb was added to run parallel with the support pillars. Buses no longer drop passengers off directly at the doors. This project was completed in conjunction with resurfacing of Ranee to remove asbestos and the future construction of residential buildings along Allen Road on the south side of Ranee.

In January 2014, the parking structure connected to the subway, which could accommodate 1144 cars, was demolished for mall expansion. Construction of a new parking structure was delayed to coincide with the opening of Nordstrom and eventually opened in February 2017, with 1,010 spaces.

On 6 January 2019, this station discontinued sales of legacy TTC fare media (tokens and tickets), previously available at a fare collector booth. Presto vending machines were available to sell Presto cards and to load funds or a monthly Metropass onto them.

On 5 April 2019, and Yorkdale stations became the first two locations to sell single-use Presto tickets, which are sold from the stations' Presto fare vending machines.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
South of Yorkdale station, Allen Road descends into a shallow open cut below the surrounding ground level, and the subway descends with it until Eglinton West station. North of Yorkdale, the tracks remain elevated and cross Highway 401 to Wilson station.

Toronto Transit Commission
A transfer is required to connect between the subway and surface bus routes.

TTC routes serving the station include:

In popular culture
Yorkdale station was used as the Transit Hub station in the film The Last Chase (1981) because of its futuristic look. The station also appears in both Scanners (1981) and Overdrawn at the Memory Bank (1983).

title: Yorkdale station


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Vermont

Outline
Project Vermont is a project to create and improve Wikipedia articles about the U.S. state of Vermont. This WikiProject intends to organize, format, expand, and exemplify Vermont related articles on Wikipedia. Our to-do list is located below, and is in a constant state of flux. Please feel free to add yourself to the member list below and "get stuck in" to help the project in any way you can.

News

 * Battles in Vermont has been nominated for deletion, but also tagged for rescue. --DThomsen8 (talk) 15:21, 7 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Euclid D. Farnham has been nominated for deletion. I ask you to weigh in with your thoughts on the discussion.
 * List of cities in Vermont: I have revised the infobox, converting it into a sortable table - I discovered these on Wikipedia about a year or so ago, and taken quite a liking to them. I find them easier to obtain information from, as I can sort a variable from low-to-high (or vice versa) and quickly find a piece of information. My ideal goal is to use the page above as a standard format for all the cities and towns of the 50 states, possibly even merging all of the various pages on Wikipedia into 50 pages (one for each state), saving Wikipedia considerable space and bandwidth by enabling one-click access to several different pieces of information. Please leave thoughts/ideas/concerns on my (or this) discussion page.

Unless objections are risen, I will probably start on this project - first in Vermont, then other states (probably starting in the Northeast and working my way south/west) as time permits (in other words...it will be a long while). Raj Fra 07:00, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Circus Smirkus I have expanded both the Awards and Honors and Collaborations sections. I would appreciate your review and input. I would also like to have the article rated but I'm not sure how to do that. User:Xeaza 21 February 2008
 * Ralph Flanders has been promoted to Good Article status. You are invited to re-acquaint yourself with this iconic Vermont figure. Sincerely,--User:HopsonRoad 03:19, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
 * An ad has been placed on Wikipedia ads advertising WikiProject Vermont. See the ad at here. Soxπed Ninety Three  | t cd b 16:49, 7 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Peer Review of Ralph Flanders Invitation—The article on Ralph Flanders has recently been substantially updated. You are invited to leave your peer review at WikiProject Biography/Peer review/Ralph Flanders.—HopsonRoad 12:39, 11 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I am in the process of a major update of James Hartness. I solicit your critical review and photographic material.HopsonRoad 13:29, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I am in the process of a major update of Ralph Flanders. I solicit your critical review and photographic material.HopsonRoad 17:06, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I added an entry on Helen Hartness Flanders that was featured as a "Did you know?" item on September 5. HopsonRoad 01:02, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I added headings to Ralph Flanders, but it is still a stub. HopsonRoad 01:02, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I added headings and material on Peter Welch sufficient that I have listed it in the "Start" category. See if you agree. HopsonRoad 01:02, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I've see our Infoboxes have been retired for us in favor of a more global one. A general improvement but it would have been nice for this group to have been asked for input first! Note that any towns that had the previous VT Town infobox have been left uncategorized by the change (the old info box template used to categorize the town automatically), this is resulting in "uncategorized" tags appearing on those pages. Mickmaguire 13:33, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Adding infoboxes by county. In-progress: Orleans. Completed: Essex. Thetrick 02:39, 1 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Destubbed the Burlington Free Press article. I'm new here, so, hoping to contribute more to this project. -User:Simtropolitan
 * Working on Vermont in the Civil War articles -User:Vermontcivilwar
 * Added a new Userbox and category for members - see "Members" below -Mickmaguire
 * Added Town Infobox, we need one for counties etc. - Mickmaguire
 * Made a start on the City Infobox by copying and modifying the generic one. Could do with being more in line with the Town one but its a start - Mickmaguire 17:30, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Working on tagging all VT town talk pages and other articles with "Project Vermont" which are not already tagged as such. - Raime
 * Second Vermont Republic has been added to the Vermont Project by someone; I'm trying to keep it NPOV and non-argumentative; or at least try to keep pro and con arguments in a relevant section; check it out. - User:carolmooredc
 * Reorganization of Politics of Vermont I have drafted a reorganization of Politics of Vermont with additional, more pertinent material in my sandbox. I plan to move that material across to this article after 1 January 2014, pending input about the advisability of doing so. Please leave your comments at this link to the article's talk page. I have moved most of the content of the existing article into appropriate locations. Sincerely, User:HopsonRoad 03:14, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
 * In support of Politics of Vermont, I have created a page, List of articles and sections of the Vermont Constitution. User:HopsonRoad 13:51, 30 December 2013 (UTC)
 * I have brought across a reorganized Politics of Vermont with additional, more pertinent material (lead, better references, new sections) from my sandbox after receiving input at Talk:Politics of Vermont. User:HopsonRoad 12:50, 1 January 2014 (UTC)
 * User:Rcsprinter123 has been replacing town maps, which showed the location in the state and the location of the state in the country with maps that show the location of the town in the county and the county in the state. I feel that this approach should be subject to consensus, as it gives a county, versus a national-centric perspective. See: Special:Contributions/Rcsprinter123. User:HopsonRoad 21:35, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

Vermont Legislature templates
Templates for the Vermont State Senate's state districts. Templates for the Vermont House of Representatives's state districts.
 * Essex-Orleans Vermont Senate District, 2002-2012
 * VT Orleans-Caledonia-1 District

New articles possibly about Vermont

 * Found by InceptionBot (criteria, log):

Articles with project banner
See a list of articles tagged by the Version 1.0 Editorial Team here

Assessment Log

 * The logs on the linked page are generated automatically (on a daily basis); please don't add entries to them by hand.

Unexpected changes, such as downgrading an article, or raising it more than two assessment classes at once, are shown in bold.

Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Vermont articles by quality log

Tools

 * Main tool page: toolserver.org

 * Reflinks - Edits bare references - adds title/dates etc. to bare references
 * Checklinks - Edit and repair external links
 * Dab solver - Quickly resolve ambiguous links.
 * Peer reviewer - Provides hints and suggestion to improving articles.

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Vermont


text:
MusiCAD

MusiCAD is a scorewriter program originally designed for folk music featuring irregular meter (like  or ) and automatically generated accompaniment voices (bass /chords ) from chord symbols and specified time signature. Created lead sheets are audibly verifiable. One of its design goals was to be as predictable as possible: 'what-you-write-is-what-you'll-hear'. The resulting music engraving is the result of the notes used and an applied set of rules (note sizes etc.) that determine how notes should be drawn. After changing the layout parameters or after transpose the (new) rules are applied, perhaps changing page layout completely.

The name MusiCAD is a portmanteau of music and computer-aided design.

The DOS/XT and Dutch-only 1.65 version has been available since 1994. Version 2.0 added support for multi-voice score editing. Later versions do not focus that much on folk music anymore and will allow up to 32 voices as well as percussion notation. The 3.0 version is available for Microsoft Windows and in Dutch, English and German. Like a few other scorewriters, it uses plain ASCII files for storage. MusiCAD will read and write ABC-notation as well as MIDI, and is capable of writing PDF-files for easy distribution of scores. There is an unlimited-time evaluation mode which allows storing and printing. Version 4 adds (among others) UTF-8, MusicXML import/export

title: MusiCAD


text:
Keo

Keo or KEO may refer to:

 * Keo, another name for the Thổ people
 * The KEO satellite
 * KEO (beer), a brand of beer brewed in Cyprus
 * KEO (company), the largest beverage company in Cyprus
 * Keo, Estonia, a village in Estonia
 * Keo, Arkansas, a town in the United States
 * K. E. O. abbreviation for "King Edward's Own", as in several Indian regiments:
 * 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles)
 * 6th King Edward's Own Cavalry
 * 11th King Edward's Own Lancers (Probyn's Horse)
 * 18th King Edward's Own Cavalry

Surname
Keo is a Khmer surname (កែវ) and a surname in other cultures. People with this surname include:
 * Keo Meas (1926–1976), Cambodian communist politician
 * Keo Puth Rasmey (born 1952), Cambodian politician, Funcinpec party leader
 * Keo Remy (born 1963), Cambodian cabinet member
 * Keo Pich Pisey (born 1982), Cambodian actress
 * Shiloh Keo (born 1987), American football safety
 * Elvinn Keo (born 1988), Malaysian squash player
 * Keo Sokpheng (born 1992), Cambodian football forward
 * Keo Soksela (born 1997), Cambodian football goalkeeper
 * Keo Saphal (Siem Reap politician), Cambodian politician
 * Keo Saphal (Takeo politician), Cambodian politician

Given name

 * Keo Nakama (1920–2011), American swimmer
 * Keo Woolford (1967–2016), American actor, producer, and director
 * Keo Coleman (born 1970), American football linebacker
 * Keo Motsepe (born 1989), South African dancer
 * Keo Nozari (fl. 2000s), American singer-songwriter

title: Keo