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Music and dances of the Federated States of Micronesia

The traditional music of the Federated States of Micronesia varies widely across the four states, and has, in recent times, evolved into popular music influenced by Europop, country music and reggae.

Traditional dances
Traditional dances on the main islands includes "stick dancing" on Pohnpei, Chuuk and Yap, standing dances on Chuuk and sitting dances on Yap and Chuuk. The Yapese are particularly known for their skills in dancing. The Yapese stick dance is performed by men, women and children together, while standing dances are performed either by women or men and boys, but never both together. The men participate in various dancing competitions, which are segregated by caste; the lower castes have some distinct dances, such as a woman's standing dance, but can only dance when authorized by a person of a higher caste. Chuuk shares many of the similar dance styles with Yap because of similar cultural heritage with Chuuk and the outer islands of Yap. Chuuk's most mysterious and rarest dance is called the "Moonlight Dance", one of the few dances in which both men and women dance together. It can only happen during a full moon with permission of the village chief. Traditionally speaking, this was a way for young males and females to get together.


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PMMP

PMMP is a Finnish pop rock band fronted by singers Paula Vesala and Mira Luoti and backed by musicians Mikko Virta, Juho Vehmanen and Heikki Kytölä. The name of the band is often said to be an abbreviation of the sentence "Paulan ja Miran Molemmat Puolet", which can be translated in English as "Both Sides of Paula and Mira". However, in an interview on the Finnish talk show Krisse Show, they stated that the name of the band comes, like ABBA, from the names of 4 of its members: so PMMP is Paula, Mira, Mira, Paula. PMMP's albums were produced by former Thergothon drummer Jori Sjöroos, who also wrote the music for all the songs. The lyrics are written by Paula and Mira. The band is an acclaimed live act.

PMMP first became well known in Finland with the 2003 summer hit Rusketusraidat ("Tan Lines"). They then enjoyed great success with their second album Kovemmat kädet ("Rougher Hands"), which sold gold (double platinum year 2010). An extended version of the album was released in August 2005. Oo siellä jossain mun, a single from the aforementioned album, is PMMP's biggest hit so far in Finland.

In November 2006 PMMP released their third album Leskiäidin tyttäret ("Daughters of a widow mother"), which sold platinum on the day it was released.

They released an album labeled Puuhevonen ("Wooden Horse") with traditional children's songs in 2007, around the time their first children were born. In 2009 they released their fourth rock/pop album Veden varaan ("Overboard") and their fifth album Rakkaudesta ("Of Love"), released in 2012, is considered as their comeback album.

PMMP played their final concert on October 27, 2013, in the sold-out Helsinki Ice Hall.

On 11 September 2023, PMMP announced a reunion after 10 years, with the first show at Helsinki Olympic Stadium on 24 August 2024.

"Matka jatkuu vaan" – The Journey Continues
In an article titled "Matka jatkuu vaan" in the biggest Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat (17.2.2007), journalist Leena Virtanen attempts to explain how it is that PMMP appeal to both children and adults, concluding that while indeed an energetic pop band PMMP "live within the space between childhood and adulthood", referring to the lifeworlds of both children and adults, carried through with eternal optimism. Virtanen concludes with the words from one of PMMP's best known songs "Matkalaulu" (travel song), which is in fact a song about the band being on the road: "Tämä voi olla koko elämämme ihanin päivä. Ajetaan hiljempaa. Toivon, että matka jatkuu, jatkuu vaan" [This could be the most wonderful day of our whole life. Let's drive slower. I hope the journey goes on, goes on and on..."]

Activism
PMMP has supported Amnesty International's work against the violence towards women. The song Joku raja from the album Leskiäidin tyttäret is named after Amnesty's campaign by the same name.

On 25 May 2013 PMMP was supposed to perform together with two members of the Russian punk band Pussy Riot at the Maailma kylässä (World Village) festival in Helsinki. The members of Pussy Riot had disappeared and PMMP performed without them but supported their cause for human rights in Russia.

Following that event, after 10 years of performing, the group disbanded.

The members of PMMP

 * Paula Vesala, December 10, 1981 - vocals
 * Mira Luoti, February 28, 1978 - vocals
 * Mikko Virta, March 22, 1982 - guitar, backing vocals
 * Juho Vehmanen, March 31, 1981 - bass guitar, backing vocals, keyboards
 * Heikki Kytölä, October 14, 1981(?) - drums, percussion, backing vocals

Singles

 * 2003: "Rusketusraidat" (#1) Tan Lines
 * 2003: "Niina" (promo only)
 * 2003: "Joutsenet" (#8)
 * 2005: "Päiväkoti" (#13) Kindergarten
 * 2005: "Oo siellä jossain mun" (promo only)
 * 2005: "Matkalaulu" Journey Song (promo only)
 * 2005: "Pikkuveli" Little Brother (promo only)
 * 2006: "Henkilökohtaisesti" Face to Face
 * 2006: "Tässä elämä on" Life Is Here (radio only)
 * 2006: "Kiitos" (promo / radio only)
 * 2007: "Joku raja" (#1)
 * 2009: "Viimeinen valitusvirsi" The Last Jeremiad
 * 2009: "Lautturi" Ferryman (promo/radio only)
 * 2009: "Pariterapiaa" Couple Therapy
 * 2009: "Lapsuus loppui" Childhood Ended (promo/radio only)
 * 2012: "Heliumpallo" Helium Balloon
 * 2012: "Rakkaalleni" To My Love

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: PMMP


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Talk:Music and dances of the Federated States of Micronesia

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Talk:Apocalyptica

Band members
Nicknames of band members - Isn't that pretty trivial? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.77.214.41 (talk • contribs).

 * It is, and it looks like someone just found this page and played a bit around with it. But since I am no spoilsport I'll just moved it down into a trivia section, instead of deleting it all. I put quite some work into this article and try to keep it clean for new people to easy get the facts. But with the pushing for Bittersweet there will be teenie-boobers turning up and try to put cute stuff in.Anxa 03:09, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * In fan circles the members of the band often are referred with the following nicknames:

 * Eicca: Mr. Tease, The Farmer, Mr. Tractor, Barbie Face, Eicca-Barbie
 * Paavo: The Incredible Paavo, The Uncrunchable One, Mr. Green
 * Perttu: Mr. Pee, Pretty Pouty Perttu, Pera, Pertsa, Perttu-Elessar, The Beast, Mr. Exclamation Mark, The Fainty One, Rainbow Perttu, Perttula, Perttichou, Petty
 * Antero: Mr.Megaco^ol, O^O, The Baron of Pukkila, Mr. Freeze, The Cod, Mystery Manninen
 * Max: The Troll, Mr. Techno

 * Moved here, could be of use later? Dryzen

 * I was wondering when Apocalyptica became 3 people. I saw them less than 4 months ago now, and they were 4 then. --Driken 02:02, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * They turned three people a while ago, prior to Reflections if I'm not mistaken. Since most of there earlier pieces where written with 4 cellos in mind, they call back Antero Manninen for the concerts. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dryzen (talk • contribs).

Ok, so the music is for three, but the concerts are with four. Got it, thanks! --Driken 19:43, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Perhaps this should be mentioned in the article, because without knowing this, is seems rather contradictory. "band consisting of three (formerly four)", "is now officialy the fourth member" Lovok 13:36, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It does mention it, albeit not all in the same paragraph: Apocalyptica is a Finnish band consisting of three (formerly four) classically-trained cellists and (since 2003) a drummer. In 1999, Antero Manninen left the band, being replaced by Perttu Kivilaakso. In 2002, Max Lilja also left, leaving Apocalyptica with three. Mikko Sirén filled this position and is now officialy the fourth member of Apocalyptica. During concerts, Antero occasionally comes back to support the group.Dryzen 17:51, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * On most of the band pages I see,the band members have thier own articles,i think the Apocalyptica members need that too.The Pink Panther 05:38, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I think there should be pictures of the faces of each member of the band to make it easier for people who are unfamiliar with the group to know who is who (while watching videos and such). The picture of Perttu, for instance, while pretty cool, does not make it much easier to differentiate between him and, say, Eicca. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.177.204.52 (talk • contribs).

 * During concerts, Antero occasionally comes back to support the group. -- Is this accurate? I thought Antero pretty much always plays their concerts. Gueneverey 01:10, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

I agree but that is easier said than done because all images uploaded to Wikipedia must either be used under a free license or used under an acceptable fair use rationale. If you have an image that you created yourself with your camera please upload it, but don't add images that you got from other websites because those will probably get deleted. --Leon Sword 03:12, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't have any photos that would work (that's why I didn't just edit the page myself)--surely someone around here does have some fitting photos?67.177.204.52 23:21, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I noticed that Wikimedia Commons has pictures of Perttu, Eicca, and Paavo. They should all probably go on, but all I did was replace the picture of Perttu with the more recent (better IMO) picture.  If no one objects, someone should add the other pictures. FalseLobster 02:22, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

I know Apocalyptica only have 3 official cello players but the band isn't really a "trio" as described in the article. This really seems to sideline the drummer who is an official member. Darrkwings (talk) 11:41, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Biography
Replaced the Trivia with a much more useful Band Biography.Wildespace 03 April 2005

 * I removed the band biography. Writing is considered to be copyrighted even if it doesn't say so, and that includes web pages.  Permission must be obtained from the owner of the material before it can be used in Wikipedia. See Copyrights.  If permission is granted the biography will need some editing to remove POV.  --Beirne 13:14, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * I wrote the biography, LOL, so I'm the copyright owner! What's POV? -- Wildespace 03 April 2005

 * OK, that point wasn't obvious. Citing the source was good, you should just mention something about you being the actual author of the material. .  POV is Point Of View. One of the goals of Wikipedia is to have a Neutral Point of View. The biography is well written and is full of facts, but it is written to promote the group, as it should be for the Apocalyptica page. Phrases like "unleashing heavy cello thunder upon the unsuspecting world", "from the bombastic opener 'Path' to the mesmerising 'Coma'" and "The drumming for five of the tracks was done by no other than the legendary Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo." are good for promoting the band but display too much bias toward the band for an encyclopedia article. I don't necessarily disagree with the points but the biography will need to be made a bit more neutral. I do agree, though, that the biography is a lot better than the trivia section.  --Beirne 20:14, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * Wildespace, can you repost the biography reducing as much POV as you feel you have the time (or just post it) and then other users such as Beirne can edit it to remove the POV if they don't like it. (Generally editing I think is better than removing anyways.) -- Graniterock 03:51, May 5, 2005 (UTC)

Nah, I'll leave you stuck with a dodgy Trivia :o) -- Wildespace 17 May 2005

 * Those POV judgments of Apocalyptica were pretty pompous. Let's keep opinions out of this. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 141.211.234.229 (talk • contribs).

 * Hello. I just added the second Band Max is a member of. Hope you don´t mind :) Nice greetings, Mandy —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Malyho (talk • contribs).

 * This article needs to be copy-edited badly. 69.194.223.147 02:13, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Collaborations
Greetings fellow fans of Apocalyptica. I'dd like to present the formalisation of Collaborations. What I mean by this is that more than a few of there great meldings are not foudn on Apocalyptica Cds but rather ther collaborator's. Exemple Apocalyptica collaborated on a special version of Rammstein's Benzin. What I suggest is that as we discover these unique pieces and that we post them near the collaborators names. Therfore giving fellow fans enligntement regarding wich album or single they should be looking for. I hope to receive some collaboration in this endevour. Thank you for your time. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dryzen (talk • contribs).

 * Hello, 201.102.173.38, and welcome to Wikipedia! Please help other Apocalyptica fans find non-Apocalyptica released songs/collaborations. You can help by posting wich tracks/CDs Apocalyptica collaborated on. For exemple they collaborated with Rammstein on Benzin (the single). Thank you for your help, Dryzen 14:58, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh man, I have just put lots of colaborations, you missed alot of them, if you want to know something more of Apo ask me. Damage, Inc. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 201.102.179.67 (talk • contribs).

Template
Here's a template for your User box if you a big fan of Apocalyptica
 * Template:User apocalyptica

Dryzen 17:09, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Audio clip
I added a short clip of Apocalyptica playing Missconstruction. Feel free to add some more audio clips. The Impaler

 * Good workThe Impaler, its a shame that the format can not be read by my media player. Hopefully this will only be a hinderance to a minoraty of readers.Dryzen 18:45, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I apologize Dryzen, but that was the only format WikiPedia would accept. It's an open-ended format called Ogg Vorbis, you can find the codec here: http://www.vorbis.com/setup_windows/ after you install the codec you'll be able to listen to it on most media players. The Impaler

 * I'm all for putting in a sample clip, but I don't know whether this is legal. I'd like to see some better fair use rationale.  -Phi*n!x 01:46, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

DVDs
What do you think should be done with the DVD section concerning : Reflections (2003) (Bonus to the Reflections Revised Album)? An important definition to be made is, whas are the criterias to be admited into the DVD section? Until now, it is my belief that any and all DVDs should be mentionned within this section. DVDs as part of albums though should still be mentionned as such to reduce confusion and indicate that it is not a stand alone product. What are your thoughts? Dryzen 19:32, 15 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It is a DVD.
 * It is part of an album.

 * I would say we should leave it in, as it is on a second disc, and people can choose if they want it or not. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 85.2.124.254 (talk • contribs).

Covered bands and composers
Proposition to rename 'Covered bands and composers' to 'Covered Artists'. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by LAUBO (talk • contribs) 15:39, 12 September 2006 (UTC).

 * It'd be "Covered artists" (lowercase a), but I think "Covered bands and composers" fits the inclusion of Grieg better, or (if it's the "bands" at issue), "Covered artists and composers" would do. Or take Grieg out of the list... -- JHunterJ 19:53, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Support the move to keep the title short, A composer is an artist... and should definitly stay in the lsit. --Dryzen 20:00, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't think a composer is an artist in the sense typically used for "covered artists", that of a musical performer. If someone performs music that someone else composed, it's not necessarily a "cover"... -- JHunterJ 20:07, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Both good points, but in the intrest of simplicity and conformatiy ot other music band articles, I am willing to forgo semantics. Well soon find out should the change even occure.--Dryzen 20:30, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Why wait? This is just an edit, not a proposal for deletion. I did the WP:BOLD thing. Artists is short, added a quick parenthetical to Grieg for perfect clarity. :-). If someone wants to revert it, we can continue this discussion. -- JHunterJ 20:40, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Looks good to me.--Dryzen 13:41, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

 * They also covered Smells like Teen Spirit by Nirvana. --88.105.94.81 (talk) 19:21, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Covered songs
Tool was not covered by Apocalyptica but by Vitamin's String tribute albums: Third Eye Open and Metamorphic. Should you know of (or beleive there is) a Tool song played by Apocalyptica please post a reference. Dryzen 18:49, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, I believe Apocalyptica covered "Schism" by Tool, I have that song on my iPod by them, I could send it to someone as proof. Here's a link &, I know that that is not a good reference but they DID cover the song.The Impaler

 * Thanks for the sites, but I am affraid you have been fooled, the same as I was when I first landed on this piece some time ago. Like I posted above Vitamin's String tribute albums: Third Eye Open and Metamorphic(album) did cover Tool. These string tributes are often mistaken for Apocalyptica and mislabeled as such. You can find Richard Dodd, Piotr Jandula and Eric Gorfain's Schism | here, as well as | Vitamin's other tributes. Apocalyptica may have done a Tool tribute, but these songs are not it. Dryzen 21:24, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I reverted a set of changes that expanded the covered artists section into this list of covered songs:
 * Edvard Grieg (composer):
 * Hall Of The Mountain King
 * Faith No More:
 * From Out OF Nowhere
 * Metallica:
 * Creeping Death
 * Enter Sandman
 * Fade To Black
 * Fight Fire With Fire
 * For Whom The Bell Tolls
 * Harvester Of Sorrow
 * Master Of Puppets
 * My Friend Of Misery
 * Nothing Else Matters
 * One
 * Sad But True
 * Seek & Destroy
 * The Unforgiven
 * Until It Sleeps
 * Welcome Home (Sanitarium)
 * Wherever I May Roam
 * Pantera:
 * Domination
 * Rammstein:
 * Seemann (with Nina Haggen)
 * Mudvayne
 * Death Blooms
 * Sepultura:
 * Inquisition Symphony
 * Refuse/Resist
 * Slayer:
 * Angel Of Death
 * Mantadory Siuicide
 * South Of Heaven
 * Tool:
 * Schism
 * Sober

 * I think it's too long to be included, but it's also not well-formatted (in case discussion here leads to its return, the capitalization should be fixed, and the song titles quoted). -- JHunterJ 12:41, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Intersting to have, certainly for those that dont know the originals or the covered groups. Our talk page is filled with trivia and indepth information, plus the not so importnat or verified. Yet we have it. Again, though, Tool was not covered by Apocalyptica.--Dryzen 14:50, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

If its false information why keep it?--Dryzen 15:37, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a talk page; editors are allowed to be mistaken, and their mistakes can be pointed out, but (using this instance as an example) deleting the Tool section from the list while adding "Again, though, Tool was not covered" can lead to confusion for subsequent readers: "Why's this editor talking about Tool not being covered? They aren't even in the list..." See also WP:TALK. -- JHunterJ 15:53, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * If they read my comment then they would be looking in the history and my remouval, therefore rendered aware. Up above is the Tool information.-- —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Dryzen (talk • contribs).

 * You are mistaken. Your comment "Again, though, Tool was not covered by Apocalyptica." is on this page, not in the history. But in any event "Do not edit other user's comments" is clear enough, regardless of the degree of their rendered awareness. -- JHunterJ 20:17, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Oops, noticed that.. hmm thought I had taken it out and pasted in Summery. I will delete user's comments on discussions if they are vadalism. This was a special case and in my history of being a wikieditor, the first, considering this came from the main article I would of pasted without Tool. I wonder if people with get the strikes. You seem to take as much interest in this page as I, Apo fan?--Dryzen 20:37, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Where could we find this cover of Mudvayne? Its not on any of Apocalyptica's disks.--Dryzen 14:42, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I believe that Mudvayne cover is like Tool's... (unexistent).--The Impaler

 * I have added the list of covered songs to Covered Artists. --Gstuk

Genre
Hi. I'm not sure that Cello Rock is the right genre to post for this group. While Cello Rock is an established genre, and Cello Metal is not,Apocalyptica's music is generally a cover of Metal bands or follows  Metal format. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 206.126.163.20 (talk • contribs).

 * For the moment Cello Rock fits the descriptor most, as the band itself has often alluded to Rock in there past self description, even if their pieces would be at home in the metal genre.--Dryzen 16:17, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay. Then the second sentence of their  wikipedia entry probably should not be "Their speciality is heavy metal music played on cellos" —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 206.126.163.20 (talk • contribs).

 * that is definitly true, although they do play Metal on cellos more than rock, but the category of music is considered Cello Rock. I dont make this up. :oP Recently Apocalyptica has updated their bio page and have taken out the reference to rock on cellos. Overall there music isn't easily classifiable therefore they fall into the only cello based category that can be currently found, Cello rock. --Dryzen 19:18, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Why noboby can understand Apocalyptica are Cello metal, not Cello rock because they call their genre to metal not rock. Apocalyptica are metal band —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 88.112.15.197 (talk) 16:49, 10 April 2007 (UTC).

On there original (2004 when I first checked) biography from their homepage they called themselves Cello Rock. As well, currently no genre is known as Cello metal but cello rock is spreading even should the groups and artist be playing metal or otherwise.--Dryzen 18:34, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * If you listen to Apocalyptica, you can clearly hear their music is rock. Also, the band continuously refer to their genre as rock, like Dryzen said. LAUBO 12:10, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Hmmm and your so sure becuse....?--Dryzen 13:19, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

hey as i've been watching the repressed video from apocalyptica, i know matt tuck sings it.. but who's the guy in the video? it's not him for sure so i wanna know who it is == Music Videos and Guest List ==

Hello,

I feel the music video list is quite useless and inappropriate for this article and would like to see it deleted. The guest list is very messy and looks terrible, this needs cleaning up.

Then the sentence about the EuroSongFestival should also be removed i think, as Apocalyptica has done so many thing/concerts that it's strange to put this one in particular in the article. You simply cant and shouldnt try to make a whole list of every place Apocalyptica has been.

Thanks,

LAUBO 10:13, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I concure that a list of music videos is not worth compiling. The guest list is to stay but indeed it needs some attention, the hardest is validating. No need for the EuroSong show up, like LAUBO: why should it an not any other concerts be presented? Secondly, listing all the concerts and appearences probobly shouldn't be listed as well.--Dryzen 14:55, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd suggest that the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 article would be the correct place to mention Apocalyptica's performance. At the moment it only links to this article as the interval act in the info. box.  Does anyone know which songs they played?  Thanks.  — Lee J Haywood 10:52, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Metal cannot exist without guitars(and a few other things), no matter how stubborn you want to be about it. Rock can. Since no consensus was agreed on to discredit the use of Cello Rock and someone sloppily edited their genre as 'metal', I am changing it back to Cello Rock. It's the most obvious to source reliably, which is what we're here to do by the guidelines. To help clear things up, consider this; Grunge wasn't Metal either, even if it had loud guitars and riffs. Neither was Blues Rock. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.52.40.60 (talk) 09:17, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

EDIT: While we're at it the list of influences is rather pretentious and in some cases entirely false. Quite a heavy dose of unsourced POV in that sentence. They have a diverse niche but stop going overboard. I am leaving that part unchanged though.

Eurovision 2007
I recall them perfoming in Eurovision as a sepereate act while the votes where being counted and verified, could someone tell me what song they wer playing? undefined Neo   2.3   Hylan  13:21, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

They played a mix of worlds collide, faraway and life burns. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.183.199.120 (talk) 19:49, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Article name change
What's the need to have Apocalyptica be a disambiguation page for the band and an obscure single by that band? I've seen no other band article where there is a disambiguation page for the band and a self-titled album. -Phi*n!x 03:42, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Apocalyptica first of all is is the band, as Metallica first of all is the band, same with Iced Earth, Iron Maiden, and so on with eponymous band/album. This is the main meaning, and needs no specifications. Furthermore, there were no proposal on move. If there will be no strong arguments in favor of (band), I'm going to move it back.Garret Beaumain 14:36, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I also agree that there shouldn't be a disambiguation page for two articles which are related to the same band and would like to see the move reverted. I would have moved the page back myself, however due to conflicting histories, only an administrator can move the page now. And yes there was no prior discussion for the move and the user that did it has been warned. --Leon Sword 03:18, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Trivia?
What do people think about incorporating the bits of trivia into other sections? Like if some song was used in a movie, putting that piece of info in the album or song page instead. Since apparently trivia sections are bad... --Gueneverey (talk) 18:25, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Gothic metal?
Who started tagging Apocalyptica as gothic metal? Please if you edit something discuss in talk page and wroite sources. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.112.23.138 (talk) 17:37, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Category Metallica Cover Bands
I looked at the listing of covers of Nothing Else Matters and I was thinking there should be a category of Metallica cover bands. It could be bands famous for covering metallica, or any notable artist that has performed a cover. Apocalyptica would be the band I think of first for this category. 18:04, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Discography
Desert Rock (working title) slated for 2010? I've looked at the reference, and it gives no such indication of the release date, nor the title.Blade of Insanity (talk) 07:13, 29 January 2010 (UTC)

Bittersweet
This song is played by Lauri Ylonen but also Ville Valo — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.80.39.42 (talk) 11:50, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

Song vs Pieces
Since there is no singning in their albums, don't they contain pieces instead of songs?

Song vs Pieces
Since there is no singning in their albums, don't they contain pieces instead of songs?

Song vs Pieces
Since there is no singning in their albums, don't they contain pieces instead of songs?

Song vs Pieces
Since there is no singning in their albums, don't they contain pieces instead of songs? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.167.199.26 (talk) 18:13, 6 January 2012 (UTC)

–While I would generally agree that a song has lyrics, if you listen to Apocalyptica live, Eicca constantly refers to the music as 'songs.' --Ianatheling (talk) 16:03, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

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External links modified
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Genre
Is this band classified as Christian 97.35.197.230 (talk) 01:19, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Apocalyptica


text:
User talk:Keebler

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 02:12, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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 * Editing tutorial
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 * Manual of Style

KGB eavesdropping
Thanks for adding that bit about Selectric eavesdropping to acoustic cryptanalysis. I don't suppose you have a source for the info? — Matt Crypto 16:51, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I was rather stupidly relying on an old memory. Further research has uncovered a Time magazine article dated 20 April, 1987 (see http://www.bugsweeps.com/info/hitech_snooping.html).  It asserts that what the KGB monitored was the electrical noise made by the Selectric and includes the quote "American inspectors found bugs in a shipment of typewriters delivered to the Moscow embassy two years ago."

 * Should I correct my addition or withdraw it?
 * Thanks for the source; I'm very interested in this sort of thing. By "electrical noise", I presume it's not actually acoustic sound? If not, then it might be better to move it into side-channel attack, which is the more general article for this sort of skulduggery ;-) — Matt Crypto 21:51, 21 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the advice. I moved the mention as you suggested. Keebler 23:08, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Keebler


text:
User talk:PJ

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 02:13, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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 * Thanks --PJ 02:17, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

WP 1.0 interwiki
Hi PJ, I notice you added interwiki links for the WP1.0 to the old Pushing to 1.0 page. This page is rarely used now by people involved with the project. I'm changing the links to direct instead to Version 1.0 Editorial Team, where most activity takes place. If you doubt me, look at the talk pages of each (17 posts in just the last 24 hours at the "team" page, compared to nothing at a;ll for several days at the "pushing" page). Please let me know if there's a problem with this. Good luck if you're involved with these other WP1.0 plans! Walkerma 08:03, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, Version 1.0 Editorial Team is of course the right page; you are doing it the right way. –PJ 08:31, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks! I've updated the links on de and sv as well so all four are linked. The no page is locked for now. Cheers, Walkerma 08:37, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

SNES image request

 * Thanks! FYI, I posted the same request this morning with a few more details to the wider group at Talk:Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Anomie 22:49, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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title: User talk:PJ


text: User talk:142.150.49.113

title: User talk:142.150.49.113


text: User talk:66.24.233.169

title: User talk:66.24.233.169


text:
Islam in Yemen

Islam in Yemen dates back to about 630AD, when it was introduced by Ali who finalized the conquest of it when Muhammad was still alive. It was during this period that the mosques in Janad (near Ta'izz) and the Great Mosque of Sana'a were built. Yemenis are divided into two principal Islamic religious groups: 65% Sunni and 35% Shia. Others put the numbers of Shias at 30%. The denominations are as follows: 65% primarily of the Shafi'i and other orders of Sunni Islam. 33% of the Zaidi order of Shia Islam, 2% of the Ja'fari and Tayyibi Ismaili orders of Shia Islam. Yemen is home to the Sulaymani Bohra community, a subdivision of Tayyibi Mustali Ismailism. The Sunnis are predominantly in the south and southeast. The Zaidis are predominantly in the north and northwest whilst the Jafaris are in the main centres of the North such as Sana'a and Ma'rib. There are mixed communities in the larger cities.

According to WIN/Gallup International polls, Yemen has the most religious population among Arab countries and it has one of the most religious populations world-wide.

Population
The Zaidis of the northern highlands dominated politics and cultural life in northern Yemen for centuries; with Unification of Yemen, and the addition of the south’s almost totally Sunni Muslim population, the numerical balance has shifted dramatically away from the Zaidis. Nevertheless, Zaidis are still over represented in the government and, in particular, in the former North Yemeni units within the armed forces.

Houthi authorities in Sana’a formally enacted new regulations on the collection and use of zakat, the Islamic obligation for individuals to donate a portion of their wealth each year to charitable causes. The executive bylaw, signed by Mehdi al-Mashat, president of the Houthi-run Supreme Political Council (SPC), imposes a khums tax (literally meaning “one-fifth”, or 20 percent) on economic activities involving natural resources in areas under the group’s control in Yemen, which includes most of northern Yemen where some 70 percent of the population lives.

Society
Public schools provide instruction in Islam but not in other religions, although Muslim citizens are allowed to attend private schools that do not teach Islam. In an effort to curb ideological and religious extremism in schools, the government does not permit any courses outside the officially approved curriculum to be taught in private and national schools. Because the government is concerned that unlicensed religious schools deviate from formal educational rirements and promote militant ideology, it has closed more than 4,500 of these institutions and deported foreign students studying there.

title: Islam in Yemen


text: File:NamCam.jpg

title: File:NamCam.jpg


text:
List of Virginia state parks

This is a list of state parks and reserves in the Virginia state park system.

Virginia opened its entire state park system on 15 June 1936 as a six-park system. The six original state parks were Seashore State Park (now First Landing State Park), Westmoreland State Park, Staunton River State Park, Douthat State Park, Fairy Stone State Park, and Hungry Mother State Park. The park system now oversees 43 parks.

title: List of Virginia state parks


text:
Tacoma Power

Tacoma Power is a public utility providing electrical power to Tacoma, Washington and the surrounding areas. Tacoma Power serves the cities of Tacoma, University Place, Fircrest, and Fife, and also provides service to parts of Steilacoom, Lakewood, and unincorporated Pierce County. It is a division of the Tacoma Public Utilities and owns the Click! Network, developed by Steven Klein, Tacoma Power's former superintendent.

History
In 1884, Charles B. Wright was granted the exclusive right to create Tacoma's first power and water company, incorporating the Tacoma Light and Water Company. Wright's system drew water from Tule and Spanaway Lakes and Clover Creek. The water was transported to the city through a 10-mile wooden flume that emptied into an in-town reservoir. The flume was mostly uncovered and attracted thirsty cows and children in search of a good wading pool. This led to the spread of disease.

Tacoma City Light was created in 1893 when the citizens of Tacoma voted to buy the privately owned Tacoma Light & Water Company to ensure its safety and longevity. Its first independent power generation came with the construction of LaGrande Dam on the Nisqually River, 36 miles away from the city, producing hydroelectric power as of November, 1912.

In 2011, Tacoma Power received the first-ever Award for Excellence in Energy Efficiency from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). The award recognizes Tacoma Power's "exceptional creativity, leadership and achievement in the pursuit of energy efficiency." The utility competed against other utilities and organizations served by BPA in Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana.

title: Tacoma Power


text:
Boomwhacker

A Boomwhacker is a percussion instrument in the plosive aerophone and idiophone family. They are lightweight, hollow, color-coded, plastic tubes, tuned to a musical pitch by length. They were first produced by Craig Ramsell through his company Whacky Music in 1995. The term is now a registered trademark by Rhythm Band Instruments.

History
Boomwhackers evolved at a time when junk bands and performers using instruments made from recycled materials were popular. Bands often used gas pipes or various cast-offs from plumbers that were cut to length to produce different pitches when struck on an open end. Schools, meanwhile, created their own junk bands as a cheap way to simultaneously promote creativity and encourage recycling. However, creating a custom kit was labor-intensive, leaving a niche for Boomwhackers, which are premade and mass-produced.

American Craig Ramsell reportedly came up with the idea for his Boomwhackers in 1994 while at home recovering from radiation therapy. While cutting cardboard tubes into shorter lengths for recycling, he noticed the different pitches resulting from the different lengths and decided to investigate their creative potential. He experimented with various plastics before settling on plastic mailing tubes. He and his wife, Monnie Ramsell, formed DrumSpirit as a sole proprietorship to market the tubes. The original plastic Boomwhackers were first produced in 1995. The current, more durable version was released in 1997.

Craig Ramsell then started Whacky Music, Inc. in 1998, marketing a wider variety of Boomwhacker sets and materials. Boomwhackers are now available to span 3½ chromatic octaves. (The addition of the Octavator Tube Caps in 1999 allowed for the third lower octave.)

In July 2009, the Sedona, Arizona-based Whacky Music, Inc., sold its interests to Rhythm Band Instruments LLC of Fort Worth, Texas, through an asset purchase agreement. Rhythm Band now distributes and owns the trademark to Boomwhackers.

Sound production
Boomwhackers produce musical tones through vibrations in the instrument when struck. The pitch of the instrument is determined by the length of the tube. The longer a tube is, the lower its pitch; the shorter a tube is, the higher the pitch. When one end of a Boomwhackers tube is covered with what the manufacturer calls an "Octavator Cap", the pitch it produces is lowered by an octave. They are most commonly hit with a hand, against the floor, or on other parts of the human body. They can also be grouped together and struck with mallets in different configurations using specialized holders (either homemade or available from the manufacturer), similar to a horizontally-aligned xylophone.

Usage
Boomwhackers are most commonly used in elementary music classrooms as an inexpensive alternative or supplement to traditional pitched instruments such as xylophones and metallophones. Students are usually given a distinctly pitched tube, such as F♯ or A. Educators then instruct players of certain pitches to strike the Boomwhacker at a precise time, forming a melody. Boomwhackers are often used by performance artists and other musical performance groups to add an element of spectacle. They can also be used by people with intellectual and developmental impairment to develop sensorimotor skills, social skills, and creativity.

title: Boomwhacker


text:
Jocelyn Burdick

Jocelyn Louise Burdick (née Birch; February 6, 1922 – December 26, 2019) was an American politician from North Dakota who briefly served as a Democratic United States senator during 1992. She was the first woman from the state to hold this office. At the age of 97, she was the oldest living former U.S. Senator for the last eight months of her life.

Early life and education
Burdick was born in Fargo, North Dakota, the daughter of Magdalena Towers (Carpenter) and Albert Birch. Her great-grandmother was suffragist and abolitionist Matilda Joslyn Gage. Burdick was the great-niece, by marriage, of L. Frank Baum, the author of The Wizard of Oz, who was married to her great-aunt, activist Maud Gage Baum. She was educated at Principia College and at Northwestern University.

Early career
Prior to her second marriage to Senator Quentin N. Burdick, she was a Republican, but changed her affiliation after the marriage. However, she asserted that she had done it out of her own volition. She would occasionally act as a stand-in for him at speeches, but would make no attempt to interpret his policies or stands.

After graduating from Northwestern, Burdick returned to Fargo working as a radio announcer at KVOX radio. Burdick was engaged in civics throughout her marriage to Quentin Burdick. She was part of the official U.S. delegation to Russia in 1978 and she was a  trustee to the Lake Agassiz Arts Council. Burdick helped to found the Democratic Women Plus in the early 1980s. She also recorded public service announcements against drunk driving and drug use in 1989.

U.S. Senate
Upon the death of her husband, Senator Quentin Burdick in September 1992, Jocelyn Burdick was appointed by Governor George Sinner to fill the vacancy in his position until a special election was held. She had been reluctant to fill the vacancy, but agreed to do it for the opportunity to cast some votes her husband would have wanted. She did not run as a candidate for election to the rest of the term. During her brief tenure in office, Burdick supported legislation on pay equity and women's rights. After Kent Conrad took office in December 1992, Burdick retired to Fargo.

Burdick was the first woman from North Dakota to serve in either house of the U.S. Congress. She lived in Fargo, where she remained active in politics. She was the oldest living former U.S. Senator on April 6, 2019, following the death of Fritz Hollings.

Personal life and death
Burdick was a devout Christian Scientist. Burdick's first husband was Kenneth Peterson. She had two children, daughter Leslie and son Birch, with Peterson. Peterson died in 1958 of a heart attack. Two years later she married Quentin Burdick, who was a widower himself with four children. With Quentin she had another son, Gage. Gage died in 1978 from an accident with an electric belt sander. Burdick died in Fargo on December 26, 2019, at the age of 97.

Her son Birch Burdick served as Cass County State Attorney between 1998 and 2022.

title: Jocelyn Burdick


text:
Tama and Friends

Tama & Friends (タマ&フレンズ) is a character franchise created by Sony Creative Products in 1983.

An OVA series based on the products titled Tama & Friends: Third Street Story (タマ&フレンズ 3丁目物語) was produced by Sony Music Entertainment Japan and animated by Group TAC. The episodes were released between 1988 and 1990. All episodes, except the first, had two episodes put on a single cassette. The OVAs (except the first) aired on MBS and TBS under the name Tama of Third Street: Do You Know My Tama? (3丁目のタマ うちのタマ知りませんか?) from July 3, 1993 to August 28, 1993. An anime movie, titled Tama of Third Street: Please! Find Momo-chan!! (3丁目のタマ おねがい!モモちゃんを捜して!!), was released in the same year. An additional 29 episodes were created and broadcast in 1994 on the same networks under the same name. The original series was licensed by 4Kids Entertainment in 2000 and dubbed into English. This dub was syndicated in late 2001 but never made it to home video. The original series is currently licensed in the US by Crunchyroll. Another anime series, known as Tama & Friends: Search for It! The Magic Puni-Puni Stone (タマ&フレンズ 探せ!魔法のプニプニストーン), aired on Animax in 2006.

A new series of animated shorts began airing in October 2016. It is animated in Adobe Flash. In 2016, an official Korean version of the same name based on the series, created by Daewon Media, SEGA SAMMY GROUP and produced by Toonzone Studios & CJ ENM, was released worldwide for a Western audience.

A new anime television series titled 'Uchi Tama!? ~Uchi no Tama Shirimasen ka?~' by MAPPA and Lapin Track premiered from January 9 to March 19, 2020 on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block.

Original characters

 * Tama

Tama (タマ) is an energetic cat who always wants to go on new adventures. Tama is owned by Takeshi Okamoto.
 * Pochi

Pochi (ポチ) (Doozle in the 4Kids dub) is a timid, yet tenderhearted dog who is Tama's best friend. He is owned by Yamada Tofu (とうふの山田).
 * Momo

Momo (モモ) is a sweet and ladylike cat. Momo is owned by Emi Hanasaki. Tama has a secret crush on her.
 * Tora

Tora (トラ) (Tiggle in the 4Kids dub) is a troublemaker that wants to convince his peers to try daredevil stunts. He is owned by Yuzuko Oketani (桶谷ゆず子).
 * Beh

Beh (ベー) (Chopin in the 4Kids dub) is a black cat that knows all of the shortcuts and hidden places in the town. His English dub name, Chopin, originates from Frédéric Chopin. His owner is Banta Kawahara (河原ばん太).
 * Kuro

Kuro (クロ) (Wocket in the 4Kids dub) is a hyperactive, athletic dog. He is owned by Yasushi Mikawa (三河やすし).
 * Gon

Gon (ゴン) (Bengbu in the 4Kids dub) is a dog who is laid-back, often resting on the chair by his owner's shop. He is owned by Zenji Noda (野田ぜんじ).
 * Koma

Koma (コマ) (Pimmy in the 4Kids dub) is the youngest member of Tama's group. Her owner runs the local bathhouse.
 * Nora

Nora (ノラ) (Rockney in the 4Kids dub) is a street-smart stray cat. He previously had an owner who died of an unknown illness.
 * Bull

Bull (ブル) (Bupkus in the 4Kids dub) is a bulldog that bullies Tama's group and has a crush on Momo. He is owned by Kaneko Kuramochi (倉持カネ子).
 * Takeshi Okamoto

Takeshi Okamoto (岡本タケシ) (Casey in the 4Kids dub) is Tama's owner, who enjoys riding his bicycle and stargazing.
 * Emi Hanasaki

Emi Hanasaki (花咲エミ) (Amy in the 4Kids dub) is Takeshi's friend and the owner of Momo. Her mother owns a flower shop and cafe.

Tama & Friends: Do You Know My Tama?
Tama & Friends: Do You Know My Tama? (タマ&フレンズ 〜うちのタマ知りませんか?〜) began airing on Tokyo MX and CTV in October 2016.

Uchitama?! Have you seen my Tama?
Uchitama?! Have you seen my Tama? (うちタマ?! ～うちのタマ知りませんか？～) is a spin-off series created in 2017, which reimagines the cast of the franchise as humans. In June 2019, an anime adaptation by MAPPA and Lapin Track was announced. It aired on Fuji TV's Noitamina block from January 9 to March 19, 2020. The series is directed by Kiyoshi Matsuda, with Kimiko Ueno handling series composition, Mai Otsuka designing the characters, and Tom-H@ck composing the music. wacci performed the series' opening theme song "Friends" while Soma Saito performed the ending theme "Hidamari o Sagashite" (ひだまりを探して). Aniplex of America licensed the series in North American territories.

Video games
The first Tama and Friends video game, Tama and Friends: Great Third Street Adventure (タマ＆フレンズ 3丁目大冒険) was released in 1989 for the Famicom Disk System.

The second game, Tama of 3rd Street: Where is Momo-chan! (３丁目のタマ モモちゃんはどこ！) was released in July 1994 for the Sega Pico.

The third game, Tama of 3rd Street: Tama and Friends - Third Street Ghost Panic!! (3丁目のタマ タマ＆フレンズ 3丁目おばけパニック！！) was released in August 1994 for the Game Boy.

The fourth game, Tama & Friends: 3 Choume Kouen Tamalympic (タマ＆フレンズ 3丁目公園タマリンピック) was released in 1995 for the Game Gear.

title: Tama and Friends


text:
To Serve Man (The Twilight Zone)

"To Serve Man" is the 24th episode of the third season of the anthology series The Twilight Zone, and the 89th overall. It originally aired on March 2, 1962, on CBS. Based on Damon Knight's 1950 short story of the same title, the episode was written by Rod Serling and directed by Richard L. Bare. It is considered one of the best episodes from the series, particularly for its final twist.

Opening narration
"Respectfully submitted for your perusal — a Kanamit. Height: a little over nine feet. Weight: in the neighborhood of three hundred and fifty pounds. Origin: unknown. Motives? Therein hangs the tale, for in just a moment, we're going to ask you to shake hands, figuratively, with a Christopher Columbus from another galaxy and another time. This is the Twilight Zone."

Plot
A man named Michael Chambers lies on a cot in an otherwise empty, locked room. A voice offers him a meal, delivered through a small aperture in the wall, which he grimly refuses.

The setting changes to several months earlier, on Earth. The Kanamits, a race of 9 ft aliens, land on Earth as the planet is beset by international crises. As the Secretary-General of the United Nations announces the landing at a news conference, one of the aliens arrives and addresses the assembled delegates and journalists via telepathy. He states that his race's motive in coming to Earth is to provide humanitarian aid by sharing their advanced technology that can easily and inexpensively solve all energy and food shortages and prevent international warfare. After answering questions, the Kanamit departs without comment and leaves behind a book in his language; Chambers, a cryptographer working for the United States government, is pressed into service to decipher it.

International leaders express wariness of the Kanamits' uninvited arrival on Earth, but start to believe their claims of benevolence upon seeing their advanced technology at work. Patty, a member of Chambers' staff, translates the title of the book as To Serve Man, further bolstering public trust in the Kanamits. One member of the race submits to polygraph-monitored interrogation and is determined to be telling the truth.

The Kanamits deliver on their promise to turn the world into a Utopia, transforming barren deserts into blooming fields, and each nation is given an impenetrable force field that leads to the virtual disbandment of all militaries. Humans soon begin volunteering to travel to the Kanamits' home planet, which is described as a paradise, and the Kanamits set up embassies in every country on Earth and weigh all passengers boarding their ships. Even though Chambers' staff no longer have any real work to do, due to worldwide declarations of peace and the dissolution of the United States Armed Forces, Patty continues her efforts to decode the Kanamits' book.

Some time later, as Chambers is boarding a ship for his own voyage to the Kanamits' world, Patty pushes through the waiting line and shouts for him not to go. She has successfully translated To Serve Man and discovered that it is actually a cookbook for preparing dishes from the human body. Chambers tries to flee, but a guard forces him onto the ship and closes the hatch so it can lift off.

In the present, Chambers angrily throws another meal across the room when it is offered to him. A Kanamit picks up the food and encourages him to eat so that he will not lose weight. Chambers reluctantly does so, addressing the viewers directly to ask whether they have left Earth yet and remarking that the Kanamits will eventually cook and eat all of humanity.

Closing narration
"The recollections of one Michael Chambers, with appropriate flashbacks and soliloquy. Or, more simply stated, the evolution of man. The cycle of going from dust to dessert. The metamorphosis from being the ruler of a planet to an ingredient in someone's soup. It's tonight's bill of fare from the Twilight Zone."

Cast

 * Lloyd Bochner as Michael Chambers
 * Richard Kiel as the Kanamits (all of whom appear alike)
 * Susan Cummings as Patty
 * Joseph Ruskin as Kanamit voice (uncredited)
 * Hardie Albright as Secretary General
 * Theodore Marcuse as Citizen Gregori
 * Bartlett Robinson as Colonel #1
 * Carleton Young as Colonel #2 (credited as Carlton Young)
 * Nelson Olmsted as Scientist
 * Robert Tafur as Senor Valdes
 * Lomax Study as Leveque
 * Jerry Fujikawa as Japanese Delegate (credited as J.H. Fujikawa)

Production
The arriving Kanamit ship is shown as scenes extracted from The Day the Earth Stood Still, but with different sound; the departing Kanamit ship is shown as a scene extracted from Earth vs. the Flying Saucers, also with different sound.

Critical response
TV Guide ranked the episode at number 11 on its list of the "100 Greatest Episodes of All Time" and ranked the ending as the "Greatest Twist of All Time". Time listed the episode among the "Top 10 Twilight Zone Episodes". Rolling Stone named the episode first on its list of the "25 Best Twilight Zone Episodes".

Cultural influence
The episode is occasionally referenced in popular culture, usually with the line "It's a cookbook!" or some variation thereof. References or parodies can be found in such television series as Futurama, The Simpsons, and Buffy the Vampire Slayer; movies such as The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear, and Madagascar (The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear featured a tongue-in-cheek cameo by Lloyd Bochner, who played Michael Chambers in the TZ episode); the comic strip Mark Trail; and musical works by artists Nuclear Assault, Cattle Decapitation, Mono Puff, and El-P. A reference to the episode has even found its way into an unofficial emblem for a United States Air Force unit.

Sequel
The 2020 Twilight Zone final episode "You Might Also Like" by Oz Perkins serves as a thematic sequel to "To Serve Man", featuring the Kanamits, who are still learning about Earth's culture to plot further evil.

title: To Serve Man (The Twilight Zone)


text:
Nickel (Canadian coin)

The Canadian five-cent coin, commonly called a nickel, is a coin worth five cents or one-twentieth of a Canadian dollar. It was patterned on the corresponding coin in the neighbouring United States. It became the smallest-valued coin in the currency upon the discontinuation of the penny in 2013. Due to inflation, the purchasing power of the nickel continues to drop and currently the coin represents less than 0.5% of the country's lowest minimum hourly wage.

The denomination (i.e., the Canadian five-cent piece) had been introduced in 1858 as a small, thin sterling silver coin, that was colloquially known as a "fish scale", not a nickel. The larger base metal version made of nickel, and called a "nickel", was introduced as a Canadian coin in 1922, originally as 99.9% nickel metal. These coins were magnetic, due to the high nickel content. Versions during World War II were minted in tombac (a copper-zinc alloy), then chrome and nickel-plated steel, and finally returned again to nickel at the end of the war. A plated steel version was again made from 1951 to 1954 during the Korean War. Rising nickel prices eventually caused another switch to cupronickel in 1982 (an alloy similar to the US nickel), but more recently, Canadian nickels are minted in nickel-plated steel, containing a small amount of copper. Due to the aforementioned rise in nickel prices, since 1982, five-cent pieces composed of 99.9% nickel have been slowly removed from circulation to be melted by the Royal Canadian Mint. Only cupronickel and modern multi-ply plated steel five-cent pieces are considered "circulation coins". As a result, pre-1982 five cent pieces are often sought by collectors.

From 1942 to 1962, Canadian five-cent coins were produced in a distinctive 12-sided shape, evocative of the British threepence coin. Originally this was done to distinguish the copper-coloured tombac coins, from pennies. However, the characteristic shape was retained for another eighteen years after 1944 when this coin was later produced in 99.9% nickel and chrome-plated steel.

The coin is produced by the Royal Canadian Mint at its facility in Winnipeg.

History
The first ever Canadian five-cent coins were struck by the Royal Mint in London as part of the introductory 1858 coinage of the Province of Canada. The coins were the same size and general composition as the corresponding American coins of the time, so the five-cent coin was based on the half dime. Although the American denomination was introduced as a larger copper-nickel coin in 1866, and the five-cent silver was retired in 1873, the Canadian five-cent coins remained small and silver until 1922.

All Canadian coins (including five-cent coins) were struck in England at the Royal Mint (no mint mark) and the Birmingham Mint (H mint mark) until 1908, when the Ottawa branch of the Royal Mint opened. With the exception of some 1968 dimes struck at the Philadelphia Mint, all Canadian coins since 1908 have been minted in Canada.

Due to a rise in the price of silver, Canadian coinage was debased from sterling silver (925 fine) to 800 fine in 1920. In 1922, silver was removed entirely from the five-cent coin, replacing it with a coin of roughly the same dimensions and mass as the American nickel. However, unlike the American coin, which was 75% copper and 25% nickel, the Canadian coin was pure nickel, as Canada was the world's largest producer of the metal. This coin has since been known almost universally as the nickel.

The five-cent coin of Newfoundland, on the other hand, remained silver until the end of the Newfoundland coinage in 1947.

The nickel's composition has changed several times, most notably during World War II and the Korean War when nickel was redirected to the war effort, where it was essential for armour production. In the latter part of 1942 and throughout 1943, the coins were minted in tombac, an 88% copper-12% zinc alloy that got its name originally from the Indonesian/Javanese word for brass or copper. In 1944 and 1945, and again from mid-1951 to 1954, coins were made of steel which was plated twice, first with nickel and then chromium. The plating was applied before the blanks were struck, so the edges of these coins are dull or even rusted. The composition was returned to pure nickel after both wars. More recently, in 1982, the same copper-nickel alloy used in the American coin was adopted in the Canadian coin, with the ironic result that the nickel then contained less nickel than any other circulating Canadian coin except the cent. Since late in 2000, the nickel is now generally made with plated steel. Since the plating is now done after the blanks are punched, the edges of the modern coins receive the plating. Portions of the 2001 and 2006 issues were struck in cupronickel, and can be identified by the lack of the letter "P" under Queen Elizabeth II's portrait, and for their non-magnetic quality.

Starting with the 1942 tombac coins, the nickel was made dodecagonal, presumably to help distinguish it from the cent after it tarnished in circulation. Tombac was removed from the nickel in 1944 (to be replaced by steel, as noted during the Korean war) but the coins in Tombac, steel, or 99.9% nickel all remained twelve-sided until 1963.

All of these coins were lighter than the US version, which is minted to be as close as possible to five grams. Canadian 99.9% nickel five-cent coins are nearly 0.5 gram lighter than this, and its present steel coins are a full gram lighter than US "nickels."

1921 five-cent coin
Five-cent coins dated 1921 are among the rarest and most collectible Canadian circulation coins, known as "The Prince of Canadian Coins." Estimates of the number of specimens known range between 400 and 480. In May 1921 the government of Canada passed an act authorizing the change to the larger nickel coin, and subsequently the majority of the 1921 mint run was melted down. The coin believed to be the finest known specimen (PCGS MS-67) sold for US$115,000 at auction in January 2010. It was then sold by the Canadian Numismatic Company for $160,000 to a private collector in early 2012.

Commemorative nickels
Although not strictly a commemorative, the "Victory nickel", struck from 1943 to 1945, was the first non-standard circulating Canadian coin other than commemorative dollars; the reverse features a flaming torch and a large V that stands for both Victory and the coin's denomination. The rim denticles were replaced by the phrase "We win when we work willingly" in Morse Code. This design was re-used in 2005 to commemorate the 60th anniversary of V-E Day. Almost uniquely in the history of Canadian coinage, the reverse was engraved to scale by Thomas Shingles; most coin designs are engraved at a much larger scale and reduced with a pantograph.

In 1951, a special commemorative five-cent piece depicting a nickel refinery was struck to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the metal's initial discovery by Swedish chemist Axel F. Cronstedt. Due to the onset of the Korean War, production of this commemorative was halted to preserve nickel for the war effort, resulting in a second non-commemorative 1951 "nickel" made of plated steel.

In 1967, all the circulating coins received a special reverse for the Canadian Centennial; the nickel featured a rabbit.

In proof sets issued since 1996, the five cent coin is made of sterling silver. Some commemorative five cent coins are also made of sterling silver.

title: Nickel (Canadian coin)


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Step bell

Step bells are a type of inclined metallophone, usually arranged in a C major scale, commonly used in music education. Arranged that the bars ascend in elevation along with their pitch, step bells are frequently used to explain musical directionality and intervals.

title: Step bell


text: User talk:82.75.183.231

title: User talk:82.75.183.231


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Talk:World Tribunal on Iraq

vital questions
This article does not answer some vital questions. Who is setting up this body? Are any national governments involved? What legitimacy does it have? Lisiate 02:33, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yup. Thats why it still says "stub" at the bottom.  If others wish to add those further answers it would be a good thing.   I'll research them if I can too. FT2 05:12, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * The WTI's own discussion of its legitimacy is here: http://www.worldtribunal.org/main/?b=15

What the hell is this article about. Is there now a Wiki World Court here? 24.226.54.179

 * Its an article on the "World Tribunal on Iraq". FT2 23:12, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * For an article on the "World Tribunal on Iraq", it doesn't actually say much about what the World Tribunal on Iraq actually is. Having read it, I still have no idea about what WTI is or how it was formed. This article makes it clear that WTI opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq and rejects the validity of the new Iraqi government, but some information about the basis on which the tribunal was chosen would aid the reader. Also, the article makes statements of opinion in a manner that would lead the reader to think they were statements of fact. Perhaps a few more statements should be qualified with phrases such as 'The WTI found", "The WTI believes", etc.Ordinary Person

In the period since I made that criticism, an introductory paragraph has been added to explain what the WTI is. Ordinary Person

 * Vandalism report filed re 24.226.54.179 see report and diff. FT2 23:21, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)

Legal basis and structure
i removed (Taken from tribunal website) - it's still true for the original, but i've made enough changes (in the direction of NPOV and making the text a bit clearer) that the WTI would probably not consider the text theirs anymore, even if it is clearly still rather similar. IMHO the WTI is not a group likely to be paranoid about copyright. In any case, anyone who thinks that the text is still too close should just improve it to make more precise, accurate, and original. Boud 00:15, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

excuse me miss
I have removed the following section, entitled 'Basis for war.'

"The war on iraq was baised on the hunt for weapons of mass destruction. however there were no weapons of mass destructions found and the us goverment offically abandoned it's search on January 31 2005. Some political protesters suggest the American oil reserves were running low and They went to war to gain unlimited access to the oil wells (since 60% of the worlds oil is found in iraq) other people believe that Saddam Hussain was harbouring and aiding terrorism. but the baisis of the war remains under political debate"

If someone sees a reason why this should be included, feel free to re-write and re-edit. --Marco Passarani 06:36, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

MILHIST project evaluation
This article has some serious POV and OR issues. Perhaps in-line citations and a references list will help to vindicate elements as not being Original Research, but even so, this needs to be written from a point of view that is neither overly anti-war nor particularly opposed to the WTI. For example, having the very first descriptor of the group be "unelected" implies a criticism. Needs cleanup, and then maybe it can be elevated beyond Stub status. LordAmeth 13:47, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * This article still has serious POV and OR issues. However, Phil Copperman automatically reverts my edits. Phil Copperman, is there any particular reason you have to hammer the revert button to add unsourced rants which present the "tribunal"'s ideas in wikipedia's voice? bobrayner (talk) 17:20, 10 May 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:World Tribunal on Iraq


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Daniel Snyder

Daniel Marc Snyder (born November 23, 1964) is an American businessman and former owner of the Washington Commanders, an American football franchise belonging to the National Football League (NFL). He bought the team, then known as the Redskins, from the estate of Jack Kent Cooke in 1999. Snyder is widely considered to be one of the worst owners in the history of professional sports, with the team managing only six playoff appearances and two wins during his 24 years of ownership.

Snyder's ownership of the team was marred by the enablement of a toxic workplace culture rife with sexual misconduct and bullying, as well as financial improprieties such as withholding security deposits from season ticket holders and paying hush money to accusers. Growing pressure from other NFL owners, amid investigations by the U.S. Congress and other government agencies, led him to sell the team to an investment group headed by Josh Harris for $6.05 billion, the largest transaction ever for a sports franchise. Snyder has resided in London since the early 2020s.

Early life and education
Snyder was born on November 23, 1964, in Silver Spring, Maryland. The son of Arlette (née Amsellem) and Gerald Snyder, he was raised in a Jewish household with his brother Zack Snyder. His father was a freelance writer who wrote for United Press International and National Geographic. At age 12, he moved to Henley-on-Thames, a small town near London, where he attended private school. At age 14, he returned to the United States and lived with his grandmother in Queens, New York. A year later, his family moved to Rockville, Maryland, where Snyder graduated from Charles W. Woodward High School.

His first job was at a B. Dalton bookstore in White Flint Mall. By age 20, he had dropped out of the University of Maryland, College Park and was running his own business, leasing jets to fly college students to spring break in Fort Lauderdale and the Caribbean. Snyder claimed to have earned US$1 million running the business with a friend out of his parents' apartment.

Snyder courted real estate entrepreneur Mortimer Zuckerman, whose U.S. News & World Report was also interested in the college market and who agreed to finance his push to publish Campus USA, a magazine for college students. Zuckerman and Fred Drasner, co-publisher of Zuckerman's New York Daily News, invested $3 million in Campus USA. The venture did not generate enough paid advertising and was forced to close after two years.

Career
In 1989, Snyder and his sister Michele founded Snyder Communications, an advertising company with seed money from their father. They concentrated on wallboards in doctors' offices and colleges. They combined the advertisements with the distribution of product samples, such as soaps and packages of medicine, to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Snyder continued to expand its activities to different aspects of outsourced marketing. In 1992, the company expanded into telemarketing with a focus on the immigrant market. Revenues rose from $2.7 million in 1991 to $9 million in 1993.

Snyder became the youngest CEO of a New York Stock Exchange listed company at the age of 32 when it underwent an initial public offering in September 1996. His top investors, including media mogul Barry Diller and Robert Strauss, earned significant returns on their initial investment. Mortimer Zuckerman and Fred Drasner, whom Snyder owed $3 million from the failure of his first business venture, were given company stock, which ended up being worth over $500 million. His parents sold their stock in the company for over $60 million.

He continued to expand the company through a string of acquisitions, such as Arnold Worldwide in 1997. By 1998, the company had over 12,000 employees and $1 billion in annual revenues. In April 2000, Snyder Communications was sold to the French advertising and marketing services group Havas in an all-stock transaction valued at in excess of US$2 billion. Snyder's personal share of the proceeds was estimated to be US$300 million.

Washington Redskins / Football Team / Commanders ownership (1999–2023)
In May 1999, Snyder purchased the Washington Redskins and Jack Kent Cooke Stadium for $800 million following the death of previous owner Jack Kent Cooke. At the time, it was the most expensive transaction in sporting history. The deal was financed largely through borrowed money, including $340 million borrowed from Société Générale and $155 million debt assumed on the stadium. To pay down the team's debt, in 2003, he sold 15 percent of the team to real estate developer Dwight Schar for $200 million, 15 percent to Florida financier Robert Rothman for a like amount; and 5 percent to Frederick W. Smith, the founder of FedEx, leaving him with a 65 percent ownership interest. In 2020, Snyder blocked the minority owners from selling their combined 35 percent ownership stake to an outside party by exercising his right of first refusal, only offering to buy back the 20 percent held by Rothman and Smith but not the 15 percent owned by Schar.

In March 2021, after a period of litigation, the league approved Snyder for a debt waiver of $450 million to acquire the remaining ownership stake held by the three in a deal worth approximately $875 million. Due to financial issues and increasing pressure from the NFL and other parties, he hired BofA Securities to explore possible sale transactions in November 2022. Snyder began negotiating to a group led by private equity investor Josh Harris in April 2023, with an agreement being reached in May to sell the franchise for $6.05 billion, the highest price ever for a sports team. The deal was unanimously approved by other NFL owners on July 20, 2023, and closed a day later. He formerly served on the NFL's broadcast, business ventures, digital media, international, stadium, and Hall of Fame committees.

Criticism and controversies
Snyder is widely considered to be one of the worst owners in the history of professional sports. Under his ownership, the team had a regular season record of 164–220–2 with a post-season record of 2–6. The media alleged that his managerial style and workplace culture directly affected the team's performance during his tenure as the principal owner.

Snyder had arguably the worst fan–owner relationship of any owner in NFL history. Under Snyder, the team sued season ticket holders who were unable to pay during the Great Recession in the late 2000s, despite his claim that there were over 200,000 people on the season ticket waiting list. Partway through the 2009 season, Snyder temporarily banned all signs from FedExField, leading to further fan discontentment. Fans have also expressed discontentment about the game day experience, rising ticket and parking prices, and Snyder's policy of charging fans for tailgates in special areas of the stadium lot. A 2023 survey conducted by the NFL Players Association ranked Washington as the worst team to play for, with the lowest grades for their team facilities and lack of accommodations for the players and their families.

Redskins name
In May 2013, in response to a question regarding the teams' Federal Trademark, Snyder told the USA Today "We'll never change the name. It's that simple. NEVER—you can use caps." Snyder refused to meet with Native American advocates for a name change. A pitched public relations battle in 2013 and 2014 led Snyder to employ crisis management and PR firms in an effort to defend the name. Snyder's creation of the Washington Redskins Original Americans Foundation in 2014 was seen by some activists as a disingenuous effort to buy favor from Native American communities.

Following renewed attention to questions of racial justice in wake of the George Floyd protests in 2020, a letter signed by 87 shareholders and investors was sent to team and league sponsors Nike, FedEx, and PepsiCo urging them to cut their ties unless the name was changed. Around the same time, several retail companies had begun removing Redskins merchandise from their stores. In response, the team underwent a review in July 2020 and announced they would be retiring the name, with a new name and logo to be chosen at a later date. As a team rebranding process usually takes over a year, the team temporarily played as the Washington Football Team for the 2020 and 2021 seasons. The name was changed to the Commanders in 2022.

Defamation suit
Threatening a lawsuit in January 2011, Snyder demanded the dismissal of sports writer Dave McKenna, who had written an article for the Washington City Paper titled "The Cranky Redskins Fan's Guide to Dan Snyder", creating a list of controversies involving Snyder. McKenna had been needling Snyder for years in his columns, and the front-page of the article had a defaced picture of Snyder with devil's horns and a beard, an image Snyder claimed was antisemitic. Other sportswriters have come out in support of McKenna. In a statement released by the Simon Wiesenthal Center, while acknowledging that public figures are fair game for criticism, said the artwork used by the City Paper was reminiscent of "virulent anti-Semitism going back to the Middle Ages" and urged the City Paper issue an apology. Mike Madden of the City Paper issued a statement saying they take accusations of antisemitism very seriously and said the artwork was meant to "resemble the type of scribbling that teenagers everywhere have been using to deface photos" and the cover art was not an antisemitic caricature. In February, Snyder filed a lawsuit against the City Paper before dropping it in September.

Environmental
In 2004, Snyder brokered a deal with the National Park Service to remove old growth trees from the 200 ft of national parkland behind his home to grant him a better view of the Potomac River, on the condition that Snyder would replace the trees with 600 native saplings. Lenn Harley, a real estate broker who was not involved in Snyder's purchase of the estate but was familiar with the area, estimated that the relatively unobstructed view of the river and its surroundings that resulted from Snyder's clearing could add $500,000 to $1 million to his $10 million home's value. The clearcutting was started without approval from Montgomery County, Maryland, and without environmental assessments, as required by law. As a result, Snyder was fined $100 by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission in December 2004. Snyder's neighbors also filed complaints regarding his clearcutting of scenic and historic easements behind his home.

The NPS ranger who investigated the complaints of Snyder's neighbors and clearcutting along the Potomac was transferred multiple times due to his continued pursuit of the complaints and the Snyder property. Eventually, the NPS ranger filed a whistleblower complaint regarding the Snyder case. Later, the ranger's anonymity as a whistleblower was lost, potentially leading to extreme harassment and a trial of the park ranger, ultimately ending the ranger's career.

Workplace culture
In July 2020, The Washington Post published a series of articles alleging that over 40 women who were former employees of the organization, including office workers and cheerleaders, had been sexually harassed and discriminated against by Snyder and other male executives, colleagues, and players of the team since at least 2006. That December, it was also reported that Snyder had settled a sexual harassment claim with a former female employee for a sum of $1.6 million. The alleged incident had occurred on his private plane while returning from the Academy of Country Music Awards in 2009. Two private investigations at the time, by the team and an outside law firm, failed to substantiate the woman's claim, and it was reported that Snyder paid the sum to avoid any negative publicity. A year-long independent investigation into the team's workplace culture, led by lawyer Beth Wilkinson, was concluded in July 2021. It found that incidents of sexual harassment, bullying, and intimidation were commonplace throughout the organization under his ownership. The NFL fined the team $10 million in response, with Snyder also voluntarily stepping down from running the team's day-to-day operations for a few months, giving those responsibilities to his wife Tanya Snyder.

On July 28, 2022, Snyder voluntarily testified before the United States House Committee on Oversight and Reform regarding its own investigation on Washington's history of workplace misconduct. Following a 14-month probe, the Oversight and Reform committee published a report in December 2022 that found that Snyder gave "misleading" answers when he testified about his team's workplace issues. The report also accused Snyder of paying former employees hush money so they would not come forward with their allegations of abuse, which included "sexual misconduct, exploitation of women, bullying of men, and other inappropriate behavior," describing it as "commonplace, and that he was a hands-on owner who had a role in nearly every organizational decision." The report also stated the NFL "has not protected workers from sexual harassment and abuse." Former cheerleader Melanie Coburn testified before Congress that she was sexually harassed up to 200 times during her employment with the team, with a former video production manager for the team testifying that Snyder requested that lewd footage of a cheerleader photo shoot, without their consent, be compiled into a video. Snyder was also alleged to have hired private investigators to gather damaging information on team and NFL employees, including commissioner Roger Goodell and other team owners.

Financial improprieties
In 2021, the U.S. House Oversight Committee looked into reports that Snyder may have under reported ticket sales to the league, a move that would have allowed him to keep more ticket revenue. On April 12, 2022, the Committee sent a letter to the Federal Trade Commission alleging Snyder had been keeping two separate financial ledgers since at least 2012: one that he would submit to the NFL and one that showed the actual numbers, which were much different. Congress also alleged that Snyder would drive up prices by selling cheaper tickets in bulk to third party vendors, causing the remaining tickets to become far more expensive. This would in turn force fans who wanted to attend games at Fedex Field to either join an expensive waiting list or buy expensive tickets.

A criminal inquiry by the Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Virginia alleged that Snyder possibly committed bank fraud after learning he was granted a $55 million line of credit in November 2018 without the knowledge and permission of the team's board of directors. In February 2023, a federal grand jury issued subpoenas for a cache of documents related to the team's finances.

In October 2022, attorney general of Washington, D.C. Karl Racine filed a consumer protection lawsuit against Snyder and the NFL. The criminal inquiry began after the US House Committee on Oversight and Accountability sent a letter to the Federal Trade Commission detailing that it had found evidence of deceptive business practices over the span of more than a decade, including withholding ticket revenue from visiting teams and refundable deposits from fans.

A $55 million loan became the primary focus of federal prosecutors, which initially was discovered as a footnote in an April 2020 financial report. The team had taken out the credit line 16 months earlier without the knowledge and required approval of Snyder's minority partners, Robert Rothman, Dwight Schar, and Frederick W. Smith, who owned 40% of the team collectively. Bank of America officials repeatedly asked team executives for proof that the board had approved the loan, but team executives ignored all requests before the loan closed. According to arbitration documents, the partners demanded that the NFL investigate the origin of Snyder's loan, yet neither NFL commissioner Roger Goodell nor the NFL arbitrator investigated the allegations. Four days after the partners asked the NFL to seek proof that the loan was legally obtained, the NFL shut down arbitration proceedings.

Other ventures
Snyder owned expansion rights to an Arena Football League team for the Washington, D.C., market before the 2009 demise of the original league. He purchased the rights to the team for $4 million in 1999. The team was going to be called the Washington Warriors and play their games at the Comcast Center in 2003 but the team never started.

In 2005, he bought 12% of the stock of amusement park operator Six Flags through his private equity company RedZone Capital. He later gained control of the board, placing his friend and ESPN executive Mark Shapiro as CEO and himself as chairman. In April 2009, the New York Stock Exchange delisted Six Flags' stock as it had fallen below the minimal market capitalization. In June 2009, Six Flags announced that the company was delaying a $15 million debt payment and two weeks later, Six Flags filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As part of the reorganization, 92% of the company ended up in the hands of their lenders with Snyder and Shapiro being removed from their positions.

In July 2006, Snyder launched Red Zebra Broadcasting with the purchase of a trio of sports radio stations in Washington, D.C. He purchased three other radio stations in the mid-Atlantic region, and broadcast coverage of Washington Redskins games on all of his stations. In 2017 and 2018, Red Zebra sold off all of its radio stations and ceased doing business.

Also in July 2006, Snyder and other investors signed a deal to provide financing to the production company run by Tom Cruise and his partner, Paula Wagner. This came one week after Paramount Pictures severed its ties with Cruise and Wagner. Snyder is credited as an executive producer for the 2008 movie Valkyrie, which starred Cruise.

In February 2007, it was announced that Snyder's private equity firm Red Zone Capital Management would purchase Johnny Rockets, the 1950s-themed diner chain. RedZone Capital Management sold the company to Sun Capital Partners in 2013. From 2007 to 2012, Snyder also owned entertainment company Dick Clark Productions.

Personal life
In 1994, Snyder married Tanya Ivey, a former fashion model from Atlanta. She is a national spokesperson for breast cancer awareness and was named co-CEO of the team in 2021. They have three children and live in Alexandria, Virginia. In 2001, Snyder had surgery to remove a cancerous thyroid gland. In November 2022, Snyder incorporated a private limited company in London that listed his residency in England.

Snyder contributed $1 million to help the victims of the September 11 attacks and donated $600,000 to help victims of Hurricane Katrina. He paid shipping costs for charitable food shipments to aid those affected by the 2004 tsunami in Indonesia and Thailand. In 2016 following Hurricane Matthew, Snyder dispatched his private plane to provide emergency supplies in the Bahamas and medical supplies to Hospital Bernard Mevs in Port-au-Prince.

In 2000, Snyder founded the Washington Redskins Charitable Foundation. Snyder has been a long-time supporter of Youth For Tomorrow, an organization founded by former Redskins head coach and Pro Football Hall of Famer Joe Gibbs. In April 2010, the organization presented Snyder with its Distinguished Leader Award. In 2005, Snyder was inducted as a member of the Greater Washington Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Snyder owns a private plane, a Bombardier BD-700 Global Express XRS.

In 2014, Snyder formed the Washington Redskins Original Americans Foundation to provide opportunities and resources to aid Tribal communities. The foundation was formed to address the challenges in the daily lives of Native Americans. Snyder has also supported Children's National Hospital, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), and other organizations. In May 2014, Snyder and Tanya received the Charles B. Wang International Children's Award from the NCMEC. He contributed $100,000 to Donald Trump's 2020 presidential campaign and $300,000 to humanitarian aid organizations for people affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

In 2024, Snyder donated a 30,000 sq. ft. mansion, previously purchased from Hussein of Jordan, to the American Cancer Society.

title: Daniel Snyder


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Marie Rudisill

Marie Rudisill (March 13, 1911 – November 3, 2006), also known as the Fruitcake Lady, was a writer and television personality, best known as the nonagenarian woman who appeared in the "Ask the Fruitcake Lady" segments on The Tonight Show on American television. She was an aunt to novelist Truman Capote (his mother, Lillie Mae Faulk, was her elder sister). Rudisill helped to raise Capote, who lived with her at times during his childhood, both in Alabama and New York City.

Biography
Rudisill was born Edna Marie Faulk in Monroeville, Alabama. Her first marriage, to a Japanese man in the 1930s, ended in divorce due to her family's disapproval. She later wrote, "I really loved that man. He was so talented and such a sweet wonderful person. And I would have been happier with him than I was with the man I married after that." She married James Rudisill in 1939. She wrote, "A man who drinks excessively, it's not a happy marriage. We loved each other, but we had our times." The couple had one son, James, and Rudisill had three grandchildren.

Rudisill authored eight books, including Fruitcake: Memories of Truman Capote & Sook. She was a resident of Florida.

The Tonight Show
Rudisill's book Fruitcake (published by Hill Street Press) led to her being invited to be a guest on The Tonight Show on December 14, 2000. During her first visit she showed Jay Leno and Tom Cruise how to make fruitcakes. This led to her being named the Fruitcake Lady and to several more appearances on The Tonight Show, in which she instructed host Jay Leno and other guests in the preparation of various baked desserts.

In 2002, the "Ask the Fruitcake Lady" segments became a regular part of The Tonight Show. In these segments, viewers posed prerecorded questions to Rudisill (including questions of a graphic sexual nature), and her frank and often unpredictable responses were shown. She often lost patience with what she perceived as stupidity on the part of some questioners, and lapsed into profanity.

Death
Marie Rudisill died in Hudson, Florida, on November 3, 2006, at the age of 95, just before the publication date of her last book, Ask the Fruitcake Lady: Everything You Would Already Know If You Had Any Sense, on November 7. The November 8 broadcast of the Tonight Show included a tribute composed of highlights from her segments on the show, including one in which she cooked with (and was hugged and kissed on the cheek by) Tom Cruise.

An updated version of her 1989 cookbook, Sook's Cookbook: Memories and Traditional Recipes from the Deep South, was published by Louisiana State University Press in September 2008.

title: Marie Rudisill