text:
User talk:Belarius

Apparently this is where I get to talk. However, if etiquette demands I be sole editor of this, my personal space, then is this my very own soap box to preach from?

My goodness, whatever will I say?

Belarius 12:11, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

invasion
Ha ha, I have no etiquette and lots of free time. -Pulsemeat

what needs to be said?

Repulsion
Denied! I banish thee!

title: User talk:Belarius


text:
Daniel Band

Daniel Band is a Canadian Christian metal group formed in 1979 in Toronto. They played in the contemporary Christian music industry with a sound that ranged from hard rock to heavy metal.

History
The group originated in 1979 in suburban Toronto, Ontario, and were based out of a Brethren Assembly in Scarborough, Ontario called Bendale Bible Chapel. In its basement, the chapel held a weekly coffeehouse, The One Way Inn, that featured Christian rock groups.

The band placed as a top three finalist in the 1982 Homegrown concert sponsored by Toronto radio station Q107, and played at the El Mocambo with the champion, Oliver Heavyside, and runner-up, The Cameo Blues Band, both longtime professional bar bands on the Toronto scene.

Their first album, On Rock (1982), offered a progressive rock sound that was typical of the era, in the tradition of April Wine and Boston, but with a harder edge. The solid rock guitar and high register vocals reminded fans of the Canadian rock group Rush. Their sound grew heavier with Straight Ahead (1983), laying down classic rock tracks in the vein of the Canadian rock group Triumph with then current era elements of Scorpions, Iron Maiden, and The Police. With their third album Run from the Darkness (1984) more prominent keyboards were added to the guitars with a sound that was closer to Canadian rock group Loverboy. As such as a heavy metal act it came with all the trappings. This was their spandex and studded dog collar stage. Their fourth album Rise Up was their heaviest metal oriented album but did contain the ballad Right Heart reminiscent of their first album's melodic Spiritual Game.

The band has never officially broken up, although a "farewell concert" was held in Toronto in April 1988, and its members have been involved with various projects in Churches, including Bendale, and Schools where the members now live. Tony Rossi released a blues based album on R.E.X. Records in 1990. Dan McCabe was involved with a band called Dreamer which released one album in 1991 titled Full Metal Racket, released a solo CD and played with his older children in a band called Nine-O-Five.

In 2000, Daniel Band played at the Cornerstone Festival in Illinois where the listed Live at Cornerstone CD was recorded.

In November 2006, Daniel Band was featured as the opening group for Audio Adrenaline's farewell tour concert in Toronto, along with Geoff Moore. Earlier in the year, there were two appearances in Sarnia, including an August festival that also saw a reunion of a local (Arkona, Ontario) group named Elim Hall, who were contemporaries of Daniel Band in the mid-1980s, and Glenn Kaiser Band (featuring two members of Resurrection Band).

In 2007, the band played at a May celebration of the One Way Inn's (now a drop-in) 35th Anniversary and the 50th Anniversary of Bendale Bible Chapel, and Freedom Festival Canada in Oro-Medonte, Ontario during August. They also played a show in Ajax in February 2009 with Glenn Kaiser opening, and in May 2009, again at Bendale. In July 2010, the band travelled to Chibougamau, Quebec.

In October 2011, the band was awarded the GMA Canada Lifetime Achievement Award recognizing their pioneering influence on Christian rock. Earlier in the year, they played with X-Sinner over a Spring weekend in Southern Ontario (at Toronto's El Mocambo, St. Catharines, Ottawa, and Kitchener).

Band members

 * Tony Rossi (lead guitar, vocals)
 * Dan McCabe (lead vocals, bass) Executive Pastor Olive Branch Community Church, Markham, Ontario, Canada
 * Bill Findlay (guitar, keyboards, vocals) (to 1987)
 * Peter Cosman (to 1982),
 * Matt Del Duca (drums) (to 1987)
 * Wayne Morgan (bass, vocals) (to 1991) Pastor of a Baptist church in Prince George, British Columbia, now based in Kenya.
 * Bill Davidson (bass)
 * Stu Christie (drums)

Studio albums

 * On Rock - 1982 Released on Streetlight in Canada and Lamb & Lion/Benson in the US.
 * Straight Ahead - 1983 Released on Streetlight in Canada and Refuge Records/Benson in the US.
 * Run from the Darkness – 1984 Released on Streetlight in Canada and Refuge/Benson in the US.
 * Rise Up - 1986 Released on Refuge in the US.
 * Running Out of Time - 1987 Released on Refuge/Lexicon-Spectra in the US.

Live albums

 * Live at Cornerstone - 2001 (limited edition) Released on Magdalene/M8 in the US.

Compilations

 * Best of Daniel Band - 1993 Released on Refuge-Alternative in the US.

Re-releases

 * On Rock - 2001 (2 CD limited edition) Released on Magdalene/M8 in the US.
 * Rise Up / Running Out Of Time - 2003 Released on Retroactive in the US.
 * Straight Ahead / Run From The Darkness - 2003 Released on Retroactive in the US.
 * Straight Ahead - 2006 Released on Retroactive in the US.(includes two bonus tracks)
 * Run from Darkness - 2006 Released on Retroactive in the US. (enhanced CD which includes the video of 'Walk on the Water" and two unreleased bonus tracks)
 * On Rock (Collector's Edition) - 2010 Released on Retroactive in the US.
 * Rise Up (25th ANNIVERSARY EDITION) - 2012 Released on Retroactive in the US. (includes one bonus track) Remastered
 * Running out of Time - 2012 Released on Retroactive in the US. (includes one bonus track) Remastered

Songs on compilations

 * Heavy Righteous Metal, "Black or White" (Pure Metal, 1988)
 * History of Canadian Christian New Music, "Run from the Darkness" (2000)
 * GMA Canada presents 30th Anniversary Collection, "He's the Creator" (CMC, 2008)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Daniel Band


text:
Leeds Girls' High School

Leeds Girls' High School (LGHS) was an independent, selective, fee-paying school for girls aged 3–18 founded in 1876 in Headingley, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It merged with Leeds Grammar School in 2008 to form The Grammar School at Leeds.

History
LGHS was founded in 1876, at a time when female education was limited but expanding. Frances Lupton and other members of the Ladies’ Honorary Council of the Yorkshire Board of Education decided that campaigning for access to the universities was of little use without better all-round education for girls, equivalent to what boys received at traditional academic grammar school. Established interests prevented the use of existing charitable funds, so Lupton and her colleagues created a new way forward: a joint stock company.

The school motto was Age Quod Agis, which means "do what you do". While seemingly tautological at first glance, it is in fact a corruption of the Biblical exhortation, "whatsoever thy turn thy hand to, do it with all thy might". The pupils were divided into four houses, named after the four patron saints of the United Kingdom: Andrew, David, George and Patrick. Girls were placed into the houses that their families had been in before them. There were various house competitions throughout the year, mainly sports and arts orientated, the main one being the house music competition during the spring term.

From its earliest years, the school catered for female boarders.

Although initially only operating as a high school for girls age over 13, in time, the school would have three sections situated in the western suburbs of Headingley:
 * Infant School (Rose Court): 3- to 7-year-olds
 * Junior School (Ford House): 7- to 11-year-olds
 * Senior School: 11- to 18-year-olds

The Infant School (Rose Court) was situated on the large Senior School site on Headingley Lane, while the Junior School (Ford House) operated 1 mi down the road in a converted mansion house. The Senior School building was built in the early 1900s, and efforts are currently being made to have the building listed. The fine oak wood panelling in the Assembly Hall detailed where Old Girls went to university on completion of their education at LGHS. The furniture within the Senior School Library was designed by Robert Thompson (The Mouseman), but was sold when the school moved to Alwoodley Gates (the Leeds Grammar School site).

In 2004 LGHS was the highest performing school within the Leeds LEA area, achieving top results at both GCSE and A Level.

Merger with Leeds Grammar School
In 2005 LGHS merged with Leeds Grammar School to form the Grammar School at Leeds (GSAL). The merged school administration took over LGHS in August 2005, however the schools did not physically merge until September 2008. At that time the Junior School (ages 7–11) and Senior School (ages 11–18) moved to Alwoodley Gates. Classes for girls and boys between the ages of 11 and 16 remain segregated, but all extracurricular activities are mixed. The Infant School moved to the Ford House building next to a new nursery school, currently operating as GSAL'S Rose Court Nursery and Pre-Prep.

The school building was used as a filming location for the fictional St Matthews' Hospital in the new ITV medical drama Monroe, which was scheduled for broadcast in 2011.

Headmistresses
• 1997–2005: Sue Fishburn

• Philippa Randall

• Audrey Jackson

• 1934–1970: Marilyn G. Sykes

• 1933–1934: Leslie P. Kirk

• 1905–1932: Lucy A. Lowe

• 1902–1904: E.T. Joseph

• 1892–1902: Helena Langhorne Powell

• 1876–1891: Catherine Lucy Kennedy

Notable former pupils

 * Laura Ashe – historian of medieval literature
 * Judith Blake, Baroness Blake of Leeds – former Leader of Leeds City Council
 * Lucy Frazer – UK government minister
 * Catherine Hughes – former civil servant and Principal of Somerville College, Oxford
 * Esther Killick – physiologist
 * Mary Kitson Clark – archaeologist and independent scholar
 * Sally Mackereth – architect
 * Pauline Neville-Jones, Baroness Neville-Jones – former civil servant and UK government minister
 * Valerie Pitts, Lady Solti – former BBC announcer and widow of musician Sir Georg Solti
 * Marilyn Stowe – divorce lawyer and campaigner for family law reform

title: Leeds Girls' High School


text: User talk:65.60.247.68

title: User talk:65.60.247.68


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Portola

Portola may refer to:
 * Portola (album), a 1998 album by Rose Melberg
 * Portola, California
 * Portola, San Francisco, California
 * Portola Music Festival

People with the surname

 * Gaspar de Portolá (ca. 1717-aft.1784), Spanish soldier, first governor of the Californias (Baja and Alta), explorer and founder of San Diego and Monterey

title: Portola


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Dorothy Garrod

Dorothy Annie Elizabeth Garrod, CBE, FBA (5 May 1892 – 18 December 1968) was an English archaeologist who specialised in the Palaeolithic period. She held the position of Disney Professor of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge from 1939 to 1952, and was the first woman to hold a chair at either Oxford or Cambridge.

Early life and education
Garrod was the daughter of the physician Sir Archibald Garrod and Laura Elizabeth Smith, daughter of the surgeon Sir Thomas Smith, 1st Baronet. She was born in Chandos Street, London, and was educated at home. Her first teacher was Isabel Fry as governess. Garrod recalled Fry teaching her, at age nine, in Harley Street with the daughter of Walter Jessop. She later attended Birklands School in St Albans.

Pamela Jane Smith writes of Garrod as follows: "Garrod was a solid member of Britain's intellectual aristocracy. Her father, Sir Archibald Garrod, had been Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford and is regarded as the founder of biochemical genetics; her grandfather was Sir Alfred Garrod of King's College Hospital, Physician Extraordinary to Queen Victoria and a leading authority on rheumatic diseases."

Garrod entered Newnham College, Cambridge in 1913, where she read ancient and classical history before archaeology was available as a subject, completing the course in 1916. By the time of her graduation in 1916 she had lost two brothers, Lt Alfred Noel Garrod and Lt Thomas Martin Garrod. Both were killed in action in WW I. Her third brother, Lt Basil Rahere died in France from Spanish influenza prior to demobilisation. It is rumoured that she lost her fiancé. She volunteered with the Catholic Women's League until 1919. She subsequently travelled to Malta, where her father was working as the Head of War Hospitals, and began to take an interest in the local antiquities. Considerable disagreement exists over the date in which she become a Roman Catholic convert but Garrod apparently converted to Catholicism prior to coming up to Cambridge.

Career
On her family's return to England, where they settled in Oxford, Garrod read for a graduate diploma in Anthropology in 1921. It is clear from her lecture notes, which survive at Museum Antiquities Nationale, that the Diploma course was an intensive introduction to both archaeology and anthropology. She was taught by Robert Ranulph Marett, a Reader in Social Anthropology and an experienced excavator. She received a distinction on graduating in 1921, as one among a small number of female students. She had found an intellectual vocation: the archaeology of the Palaeolithic Age. Pamela Janes Smith discovered that Garrod states later as a tribute to him that "Marett the genial colleague, the brilliant talker, the beloved friend." Smith discovered that Mrs Chitty, née Mary Kitson Clark, one of Garrod's companions, during the Mount Carmel excavation of 1929, in an interview, that Garrod "experienced her conversion to prehistory with a religious depth of feeling [...] The determination to be a prehistorian and particularly in the Stone Age, came over her in one second, like a conversion." It was Marrett that introduced her to France and M. l'Abbé Breuil, her intellectual father. Garrord studied for two years, 1922 to 1924, with M. l'Abbé Breuil, the prehistorian, at the Institut de Paleontologie Humaine in Paris. Smith argues that Garrod's interest in the origin, distribution and classification of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic assemblages; her fascination with the questions of the origin of the modern humans and the demise of the Neanderthals; the concern with relative dating by geochronology and her declaration that "Europe was only after all a peninsula of Africa and Asia" (Clarke 1999:409) could be interpreted as Garrod being the intellectual child of the Abbé Breuil".

In 1926, Garrod published her first academic work, The Upper Paleolithic of Britain, for which she was awarded a B.Sc. degree by the University of Oxford.

Following an invitation from Breuil, she investigated Devil's Tower Cave, a site over a period of seven months in Gibraltar between 1925 and 1927. It was only 350 metres from Forbes' Quarry, where a Neanderthal skull had been found earlier. Garrod discovered in this cave in 1925, a second important Neanderthal skull now called Gibraltar 2. It was her first internationally recognized excavation. Garrod was to find many anomalous skeletons during her ensuring career, but the skull did not fit within the definition of Neanderthal. In 1928, she led the first expedition to enter South Kurdistan. She was looking for evidence of Palaeolithic people migrating between Upper Mesopotamia and Syria. This work led to the test explorations of Hazar Merd Cave and Zarzi cave.

In 1929, Garrod was appointed to direct excavations at Wadi el-Mughara at Mount Carmel in Mandatory Palestine, as a joint project of the American School of Prehistoric Research and the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. The series of 12 extensive fieldseasons was completed between 1929 and 1934. The results established a chronological framework that remains crucial to present understanding of that prehistoric period. Working closely with Dorothea Bate, she demonstrated a long sequence of Lower Palaeolithic, Middle Palaeolithic and Epipalaeolithic occupations in the caves of Tabun, El-Wad, Es-Skhul, Shuqba (Shuqbah) and Kebara Cave. She also coined the cultural label for the late Epipalaeolithic Natufian culture (from Wadi Natuf, the location of the Shuqba cave) following her excavations at Es-Skhul and El-Wad. Her excavations at the cave sites in the Levant were conducted with almost exclusively women workers recruited from local villages, such as Jeba and Ljsim. One of these women, Yusra, is credited with the discovery of the Tabun 1 Neanderthal skull. The villages of Jeba and Ljsim were destroyed in 1948 and most members of the Palestinian team could not be traced. In 1937, Garrod published The Stone Age of Mount Carmel, considered a ground-breaking work in the field. In 1938, she travelled to Bulgaria and excavated the Palaeolithic cave of Bacho Kiro. After holding a number of academic positions, including Newnham College's Director of Studies for Archaeology and Anthropology, she became the Disney Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge on 6 May 1939, a post she held until 1952. Her appointment was greeted with excitement by women students and a "college feast" was held in her honour at Newnham, in which every dish was named after an archaeological item. In addition, the Cambridge Review reported, "The election of a woman to the Disney Professorship of Archaeology is an immense step forward towards complete equality between men and women in the University." Gender equality at the University of Cambridge at the time was still remote: as a woman, Garrod could not be a full member of the university, so that she was excluded from speaking or voting on University matters. This continued to apply until 1948, when women became full members of the university.

From 1941 to 1945, Garrod took leave of absence from the university and served in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) during the Second World War. She was based at the RAF Medmenham photographic interpretation unit as a section officer (equivalent in rank to flying officer).

After the war, Garrod returned to her position and made a number of changes to the department, including the introduction of a module of study on world prehistory. Where previously prehistory had been considered particularly French or European, Garrod expanded the subject to a global scale. Garrod also made changes to the structure of archaeology studies, so turning Cambridge into the first British university to offer undergraduate courses in prehistoric archaeology. During the university summer vacations, Garrod travelled to France and excavated at two important sites: Fontéchevade cave, with Germaine Henri-Martin, and Angles-sur-l'Anglin, with Suzanne de St. Mathurin.

Later life
On her retirement in 1952, Garrod moved to France, but continued to research and excavate. In 1958, aged 66, she excavated on the Aadloun headland in Lebanon, with the assistance of Diana Kirkbride. The following year she was asked urgently to excavate at Ras El Kelb, as a significant cave had been disturbed by road and rail construction. Henri-Martin and de St. Mathurin assisted Garrod for seven weeks, with the remaining material being removed to the National Museum of Beirut for more detailed study. She returned to Aadloun again in 1963, with a team of younger archaeologists, but her health began to fail and she was often absent from the sites.

Garrod appeared as a panellist in a 1959 episode of the game show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? held at the Musée de l'Homme.

In the summer of 1968, Garrod had a stroke while visiting relatives in Cambridge. She died in a nursing home there on 18 December, aged 76.

Diversity and inclusion
Garrod was the first female professor at Cambridge and was instrumental in changing it into an integrated institution. As a result of her election to Professorship, women were granted full membership, and allowed to graduate with degrees from the University of Cambridge. She worked mainly with women as she lived in a segregated English society. In Palestine she was treated as member of the British ruling class and deeply loved by Palestinians. Garrod's relationships with her Arab neighbours and employees "were warm. Garrod was often invited to weddings or other celebratory occasions. "She was called Sitt Miriam, Lady Mary.". Her Mount Carmel expedition crew, which covered all of the excavations (Skhul, Kebara, el-Wad and et-Tabun), consisted mostly of local Arab women. Garrod was in complete charge of the many long-term excavations at Mount Carmel. In 1931, Francis Turville Petre, an openly gay man, participated very briefly in her excavations of Mount Carmel as part of Garrod's team at Skhul. Francis Turville-Petre had discovered an ancient cranium at Mugharet ex-Zuttiyeh, near the Sea of Galilee, considered to be the most remarkable prehistoric archaeological event of the 1920s in Western Asia.

Awards and recognition
In 1937, Garrod was awarded Honorary Doctorates from the University of Pennsylvania and Boston College and a DSc. from the University of Oxford. She was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1952, and in 1965 she was awarded the CBE. She felt it was important that archaeologists travel and therefore left money to found the Dorothy Garrod Travel Fund. In 1968, the Society of Antiquaries of London presented her with its gold medal.

From September 2011 to January 2012, 17 photographs of Garrod's of excavations, friends and mentors were displayed in 'A Pioneer of Prehistory, Dorothy Garrod and the Caves of Mount Carmel' at the Pitt Rivers Museum.

In 2017, Newnham College announced that a new college building will be named after Garrod. In 2019, the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at the University of Cambridge unveiled a new portrait of Garrod by artist Sara Levelle.

title: Dorothy Garrod


text:
Davy Spillane

Davy Spillane (born 1959 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish musician, songwriter and a player of uilleann pipes and low whistle.

Irish music
At the age of 12, Spillane started playing the uilleann pipes. His father encouraged him and inspired him with his love of all music genres. For the next three years he played at sessions and met many prominent Irish musicians. At the age of 16, he played in Ireland, the United Kingdom and Europe. In 1978, he began to write his own music. He starred as a gypsy in Joe Comerford's 1981 film Traveller.

Moving Hearts and solo albums
He is a founding member of Moving Hearts, along with Christy Moore and Donal Lunny in 1981. Although each member had a strong pedigree of Irish folk music, the band played mostly original compositions, sometimes with a political edge and a folk-rock sound. Their final album The Storm (1985) was purely instrumental and had several slower pieces written by Spillane. He then made the surprise move of joining up with American musician Béla Fleck, the Englishman Albert Lee, Jerry Douglas, and others to record a Davy Spillane debut album of his new compositions and bluegrass and original blues, Atlantic Bridge. There was a promotional touring band which also recorded Out of the Air in 1988, essentially a live version of Atlantic Bridge. Spillane then gathered together a new set of musicians, including Rory Gallagher and Kevin Glackin to record Shadow Hunter, an album of various rock and folk styles. This was followed by Pipedreams in 1991.

Collaborations
Spillane played as special guest soloist in orchestral work in 1992 called "The Seville Suite", describing events in 1601 in Irish-Spanish history. Bill Whelan then worked for Spillane and Andy Irvine on the album, EastWind. In 1993, Spillane collaborated with Canadian musicians such as Bryan Adams, and Daniel Weaver on his album Weeds plus Celine Dion's My Heart Will go On. In 1994, Spillane was a special guest soloist in Riverdance. Spillane also collaborated with Rory Gallagher on the tracks "The Road to Ballyalla", "Litton Lane" and "One For Phil" as well as with Enya on her 1988 Watermark tracks "Exile" and "Na Laetha Geal M'Óige".

Film music
In 1992, Spillane composed music for Peter Kosminsky's film Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and, in 1995, reached a larger audience with the film Rob Roy. Other compositions and guesting includes Kate Bush's Sensual World (1989), Mike Oldfield's Voyager (1996), Bryan Adams' MTV Unplugged, Van Morrison and Elvis Costello. Other films include Eat the Peach and The Disappearance of Finbar. Paul Winter's album Journey with the Sun (2002). Spillane earned a Grammy Award and also nominated for second one.

Spillane served his apprenticeship with pipe-makers Dan Dowd and Johnny Burke and now makes all his own instruments. In 2000, he recorded his only album of traditional tunes with Kevin Glackin, entitled Forgotten Days.

Moving Hearts

 * Moving Hearts (1981)
 * Dark End of the Street (1982)
 * The Storm (1985)
 * Live Hearts (1986) (recorded 1983)
 * Live in Dublin (2008)

Solo albums

 * Atlantic Bridge (1987)
 * Out of the Air (1988)
 * Shadow Hunter (1990)
 * Pipedreams (1991)
 * A Place Among The Stones (1994)
 * The Sea of Dreams (1998)
 * Deep Blue Sea (2004)
 * Between Longing & Belonging (2016)

Collaborations

 * EastWind (1992) – with Andy Irvine
 * Calman The Dove (1998) – with Savourna Stevenson
 * Forgotten Days (2001) – with Kevin Glackin

Contributions

 * The Piper's Rock - A Compilation of Young Pipers, Various Artists (?) - Uilleann pipes
 * The Heritage Tapes: Songs and Stories from Old Tiger Bay, Various Artists (?)
 * Irish Festival, Various Artists (1980) - Uilleann pipes on The Old Bush/Rakish Paddy
 * My Very Favourite Nursery Rhyme Record, Tim Hart (1981) - Uilleann pipes
 * The Drunken Sailor and other Kids Favorites, Tim Hart (1983) - Uilleann pipes
 * Inarticulate Speech of the Heart, Van Morrison (1983) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Getting to the Border, Alistair Russell (1984) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Now and Then, The Sands Family (1986) - Low Whistle on When the Music Starts to Play
 * Classic Irish Ballads, Diarmuid O'Leary & The Bards (1986) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Dancing with Strangers, Chris Rea (1987) - Uilleann pipes, Low Whistle & Guitar
 * Under the Influence, Mary Coughlan (1987) - Uilleann pipes
 * Goreuon, Best of (Featuring Donal Lunny/Davy Spillane), Jim O'Rourke, Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Watermark, Enya (1988) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * North and South, Gerry Rafferty (1988) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Dublin Millenium Song (Single), Various Artists (1988) - Uilleann pipes
 * We've Come A Long Way, Liam Clancy/Tommy Makem (1989) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * The Sensual World, Kate Bush (1989) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * All I Remember, Mick Hanly (1989) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Ogam, Ogam (1989) - Fearless composed by Davy Spillane
 * Winds of Change, Oisin - Geraldine MacGowan & Anne Conroy (1989) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Spike, Elvis Costello (1989) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Elio samaga hukapan kariyana turu, Elio E Le Storie Tese (1989) - Uilleann pipes
 * Brand New Dance, Emmylou Harris (1990) - Uilleann pipes
 * This Rhythm, T. T. Oksala (1990) - Uilleann pipes
 * Hopes and Bodies, The Senators (1990) - Uilleann pipes
 * The Sweet Keeper, Tanita Tikaram (1990) - Low Whistle on It All Came Back Today
 * Sojourner's Song, Buddy Greene (1990) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Vigil in a Wilderness of Mirrors, Fish (1990) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle on Vigil
 * Put 'Em Under Pressure (single), Republic of Ireland Football Squad (1990)
 * Two Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin (1991) - Uilleann pipes on Kate Bush, Rocket Man
 * Mighty Like a Rose, Elvis Costello (1991) - Uilleann pipes
 * Mission Street, Kieran Halpin (1991) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Rude Awakening, Andy Irvine (1991)
 * Smoke and Strong Whiskey, Christy Moore (1991) - Low Whistle
 * The Ways of the World, Mary Custy & Eoin O'Neill (1991) - Uilleann pipes
 * Lam Toro, Baaba Maal (1992) - Uilleann pipes
 * High on the Happy Side, Wet Wet Wet (1992) - Low Whistle on Put The Light On
 * Soul Inspiration, Simon Climie (1992) - Low Whistle
 * Rita Connolly, Rita Connolly (1992) - Low Whistle
 * Something Special In The Air (Single) for Impact 92, Derry City Council (1992) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Sentimental Killer, Mary Coughlan (1992) - Uilleann pipes
 * Endless Emotion, Johnny Logan (1992) - Uilleann pipes
 * Harmony, Londonbeat (1992) - Low Whistle on Harmony and The Sea of Tranquility
 * Bajo El Signo de Cain, Miguel Bose (1993) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Again, Alan Stivell (1993) - Uilleann pipes
 * Before & After, Tim Finn (1993) - Uilleann pipes on Many's The Time
 * Solid Ground, Dolores Keane (1993) - Uilleann pipes
 * Espresso Logic, Chris Rea (1993) - Uilleann pipes
 * Far from Home, Traffic (1994) - Uilleann pipes on Holy Ground
 * Traditional Music In Support Of Doolin Coast And Cliff Rescue Service, Various Artists (1994) - Uilleann pipes
 * 33 Revolutions Per Minute, Marxman (1994) - Whistles
 * Daniel Weaver, Daniel Weaver (1994) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Cumplicidodes, Luis Represas (1994) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * The Sound of Stone - Artists for Mullaghmore, Various Artists (1994) - Low Whistle
 * Celtic Themes, Various Artists (1994) - Uilleann pipes
 * A River Of Sound: The Changing Course Of Irish Music, BBC/RTE programme (1995) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Seville Suite, Bill Whelan (1995) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Folk Music Ensemble, Dan Foyle (1995) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Cry of a Dreamer, Sean Tyrell (1995) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Little Bruises, Gary Kemp (1995) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Misty Eyed Adventures, Moya Brennan (1995) - Low Whistle see above
 * Transatlantic Sessions - Series 1, Various Artists (1995) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Arabesque, Mike Batt (1995) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Riverdance: Music from the Show, Bill Whelan (1995) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Songs From A Secret Garden, Secret Garden (1996) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Volume 1: Sound Magic, Afro Celt Sound System (1996) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Voyager, Mike Oldfield (1996) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Hammer, Zoe (1996) -Uilleann pipes on The Lion Roars
 * Ao Vivo No CCB, Luis Represas (1996) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Common Ground, Various Artists (1996) - Low Whistle on Whistling Low/Errigal, Mary of the South Seas & On Raglan Road
 * White Stones, Secret Garden (1997) - Uilleann pipes
 * Kilim, Nikola Parov (1997) - Uilleann pipes
 * What Did He Say?, Victor Wooten (1997) - Uilleann pipes
 * Illumination, Richard Souther, Hildegard von Bingen (1997) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Gospel Oak, Sinead O'Connor (1997) - Low & High Whistle
 * Amara, Island Currents, Joe Boske (1997) - Low Whistle on The Delphi Air
 * Laberinto Volume 2, Miguel Bose (1997) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Ar Galon Digorr (single), Annie Ebrel (1997) on Fest Vraz Musique Bretonnes - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Unplugged, Bryan Adams (1997) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Sun and the Moon and the Stars, Spirit of Eden (1998) - Uilleann pipes
 * The Peace Within, BMC Band (1998) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Wandering Home, David Lynch (1998) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Piece of Cake, Lubos Malina (1999) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Celtic Solstice, Paul Winter (1999) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * New Freedom Bell, Druka Trava (1999) - Low Whistle
 * The Orchard, Sean Tyrell (1999) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle (Album recorded at Burrenstone Studios)
 * Streams, Various Artists (1999) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Live at Slane Castle (DVD), Bryan Adams (2000) - Low Whistle
 * Journey with the Sun, Paul Winter (2000) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Irvi, Denez Prigent (2000) - Uilleann pipes
 * Behind the Mist: Music from Conamaras' Bog and Sea Weeks (2000) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Dreamcatcher, Secret Garden (2001) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Adiemus Vol 4, Karl Jenkins (2001) - Uilleann pipes on The Eternal Knot
 * Girls Won't Leave the Boys Alone, Cherish the Ladies (2001) - Uilleann pipes
 * The Best Of Mary Black 1991-2001, Mary Black (2001) - Uilleann pipes
 * Unearthed, Posthumus (2001) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * 12 Vox - The Way To be Ourselves, Taro Iwashiro (2001) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Ceol Tacsi, Various Artists (2003) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle on Muladach Is Mi Air M'aineol with Karen Matheson
 * Spiorad, The Lismorahaun Singers (2003) - Uilleann pipes
 * The River Returning, Johnny Duhan (2003) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Sexual Healing (single B-side), Kate Bush (2005) - Uilleann pipes
 * Grief Never Grows Old - (single), One World Project (2005) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Silver Solstice, Paul Winter Consort & Friends (2005) - Uilleann pipes
 * Human Child/Mannabarn - Eivor (2007) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * To The Moon, Capercaillie (2008) Tracks from Rob Roy - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Art of Chill 5, Bent (2008) - Uilleann pipes on Pipegroove
 * Distant Shore, Orla Fallon (2009) - Low Whistle
 * This Is What I Live For, Richard Anthony Jay (2009) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle on Gone But Not Forgotten
 * A Different Hat, Paul Carrack (2010) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Dream of You, Sharon Corr (2010) - Low Whistle on Cooley's Reel
 * Director's Cut, Kate Bush (2011) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle on Flower of the Mountain
 * Lament, Various Artists (2012) - Low Whistle on Lament For the Dead of the North
 * The Peacemakers, Karl Jenkins (2012) - Uilleann pipes
 * Transparent Music 2, B. J. Cole (2012) - Low Whistle
 * Papitwo, Miguel Bose (2012) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Goodbye (single), Mary Jane Riemann (2013) - Uilleann pipes
 * Man on the Rocks, Mike Oldfield (2014) - Low Whistle on Moonshine
 * Whisky Lullabies/Suantraí Meisciúil - (single), Janet Devlin (2015) - Low Whistle on Suantraí Meisciúil
 * Drowning (single), Simone Kaye (date unknown) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Creation, Johnny Duhan (2016) - Low Whistle on The Three Temptations.
 * Source, Afro Celt Sound System (2016) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * The Ashgrove Sessions, Ashgrove (2016) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle

Soundtracks

 * Lamb (1985)
 * Eat the Peach (1986)
 * Reefer and the Model (1988)
 * The Ballad of the Sad Café (1991) – Low Whistle
 * Wuthering Heights (1992)
 * Rob Roy (1995) – Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Michael Collins (1996) – Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * The Disappearance of Finbar (1996)
 * Xenogears (with Yasunori Mitsuda) (1998) – Low Whistle
 * Creid (with Yasunori Mitsuda) (1998) – Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Dancing at Lughnasa (1998) – Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Excalibur, La légende des Celtes, Various Artists (1999)
 * Aoi ~ Tokugawa Sandai, Taro Iwashiro (2000) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Xenosaga (2002) – Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Gangs of New York (2002) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle
 * Graal, Catherine Lara (2005) - Uilleann pipes & Low Whistle

title: Davy Spillane


text: User talk:24.9.10.235

title: User talk:24.9.10.235


text:
Conservative Party (Norway)

The Conservative Party or The Right (Høyre, Høgre, lit. 'Right', H; Olgešbellodat) is a liberal-conservative political party in Norway. It is the major party of the Norwegian centre-right,  and was the leading party in government as part of the Solberg cabinet from 2013 to 2021. The current party leader is former Prime Minister Erna Solberg. The party is a member of the International Democracy Union and an associate member of the European People's Party.

The party is traditionally a pragmatic and politically moderate conservative party strongly associated with the traditional elites within the civil service and Norwegian business life. During the 20th century, the party has advocated economic liberalism, tax cuts, individual rights, support of monarchism, the Church of Norway and the Armed Forces, anti-communism, pro-Europeanism, and support of the Nordic model; over time, the party's values have become more socially liberal in areas such as gender equality, LGBT rights, and immigration and integration issues; the party defines itself as a party pursuing a "conservative progressive policy based on Christian cultural values, constitutional government and democracy". In line with its Western bloc alignment during the Cold War era, the party strongly supports NATO, which Norway co-founded, and has consistently been the most outspokenly pro-European Union party in Norway, supporting Norwegian membership during both the 1972 and 1994 referendums.

The Conservative Party traditionally caters to the educated elite; it has the most highly educated voters of all parties, and is the most popular party among elite groups. In the postwar era, the party formed a grand consensus with the Labour Party regarding foreign and security policy—frequently expressed by the maxim "the foreign policy is settled" (utenrikspolitikken ligger fast)—that led Norway to co-found NATO and enter into a close alliance with the United States, and the parties' economic policies have gradually become more similar. Both parties are pragmatic, relatively technocratic, anti-populist, and close to the political centre. The party supports the Nordic model but also a certain amount of semi-privatisation through state-funded private services.

Founded in 1884, the Conservative Party is the second-oldest political party in Norway after the Liberal Party. In the interwar era, one of the main goals for the party was to achieve a centre-right alliance against the growing labour movement, when the party went into decline. In the post-war era until 2005, the party participated in six governments: two 1960s national governments (Lyng's Cabinet and Borten's Cabinet); one 1980s Conservative Party minority government (Willoch's First Cabinet); two 1980s three-party governments (Willoch's Second Cabinet and Syse's Cabinet); in the 2000s Bondevik's Second Cabinet; and from 2013 to 2021 it was the dominant partner in a coalition government that also included the Christian Democrats and the Liberal Party.

History
The Conservative Party of Norway (Høire, now spelled Høyre, lit. "The Right") was founded in 1884 after the implementation of parliamentarism in Norway. The jurist Emil Stang was elected the first chairman of the party. Stang underlined important principles for the work in Høyre. The party was to be a social party of reforms that worked within the constitutional frames set by a parliamentary democracy.

Høyre's electoral support has varied. In the 1981 election it obtained 31.7%, its best result since 1924. The result in 1993 was 17%, which saw the election influenced by the EU membership issue which divided the Liberal Party. The 1997 parliamentary election resulted in the lowest support for Høyre since 1945, with only 14.3% of the votes. Since then it has seen support ranging from just over 14% to just under 27%.

Early 1900s
In the beginning of the 20th century, Høyre took the initiative to construct a modern Norwegian communications network. After the devastating First World War the party felt it important to work for the reconstruction of sound economic policies. An example of this is the resolution Høyre passed in 1923 introducing old-age insurance; owing to the condition of the state's finances it was not possible to continue this effort. It was the leading party in opposition during the post-war years in Norway, and fought against the Labour Party's regulating policy. Høyre wanted another future for Norway, consisting of private initiative and creative forces.

Høyre has been active in the construction of the welfare system in Norway, and has on several occasions taken the initiative to correct injustices in social care regulations. Additionally, Høyre has advocated that the state's activity must concentrate on its basic problems and their solutions.

Post-war years
During Norway's post-war years Høyre has consolidated its position as a party with appeal to all parts of the nation. Non-socialist co-operation as an alternative to socialism has always been one of Høyre's main aims. Høyre has led several coalition governments. The Christian Democratic Party was one of Høyre's coalition partners both in 1983–86 and 1989–90.

The party strongly supported the Western alignment of Norway during the Cold War; it strongly supports NATO, which Norway co-founded in 1949, and has consistently been the most outspokenly pro-European Union party in Norway, supporting Norwegian membership during both the referendum of 1972 and that of 1994.

At the parliamentary election in 1993, it was impossible to present a credible non-socialist government alternative, because Høyre's former coalition parties, The Christian Democrats and the Centre Party, both campaigned strongly against Norwegian membership of the EU.

Before the parliamentary election in 1997 the Labour Party proclaimed that it would not be willing to govern the country if it did not obtain more than 36.9% of the votes. In the event it obtained 35%, and other parties had to form a government. Originally, there were serious discussions between Høyre, the Christian Democrats and Venstre concerning this task, but in the end the two latter parties joined forces with the Centre Party to create a minority government without Høyre.

Today
In the parliamentary election in September 2001, Høyre obtained 21.2 percent of the votes. After a series of discussions Høyre was once again able to take part in a coalition government, this time with the Christian Democratic Party (KrF), and the Liberal Party (V). The total percentage obtained for these three parties at last general election was 37.5. Høyre, as the largest party in the coalition government, had 38 members in the present Storting, and 10 of the 19 ministers in the Government were Høyre representatives. Høyre's three focal areas this period were to establish a rise in quality in Norway's educational system, lower taxes and produce a higher service level in state sectors.

In the 2005 parliamentary election, Høyre obtained 14.1% of the votes. The election outcome put Høyre back in opposition, and the party got 23 members in the present Storting.

In the 2009 parliamentary election, Høyre obtained 17.2% of the votes, and 30 members in the present Storting.

During the local elections of 2011, however, the party gained 27.6 percent of the vote, and it has since then, without exceptions, polled first and second.

In the 2013 parliamentary election, Høyre obtained 26.8 percent of the votes, and 48 members in the present Storting. Høyre formed a minority government, with confidence and supply from KrF and V. The Government was reelected in 2017 and became a majority Government in 2019.

Ideology
Høyre has been described as a conservative or liberal conservative party,  and it defines itself as a party pursuing a "conservative progressive policy based on Christian cultural values, constitutional government and democracy."

Høyre is considered a centre-right reform party profess to the moderately conservative political tradition, similar to the CDU of Germany. The party broadly supports the Nordic model, like all large parties in Norway. In relative terms, the party advocates a degree of fiscal free-market policies, including tax cuts and relatively little government involvement in the economy, while still supporting the welfare state and the social market economy. Høyre is also the only party in the Storting which proposes a reduction in public spending.

Traditionally, the party supports established institutions such as the monarchy, the armed forces, and the state Church of Norway. Its social policies were always considered moderate and pragmatic for its time, but have gradually become more socially liberal. The party voted in 2008 for a law that recognised same-sex marriage and gay adoption rights.

Membership and voter demographic
The party has around 30,000 registered members (2018). The Central Board of the Conservative Party meets seven times a year to discuss important matters such as budget, organisational work, plans, party platforms, and drawing up political lines.

The party traditionally caters to the educated elite; it has the most highly educated voters of all parties, and is the most popular party among elite groups.

List of party chairmen and leaders

 * Emil Stang, 1884–1889
 * Christian Homann Schweigaard, 1889–1891
 * Emil Stang, 1891–1893
 * Christian Homann Schweigaard, 1893–1896
 * Emil Stang, 1896–1899
 * Francis Hagerup, 1899–1902
 * Ole Larsen Skattebøl, 1902–1905
 * Edm. Harbitz, 1905–1907
 * Fredrik Stang, 1907–1911
 * Jens Bratlie, 1911–1919
 * Otto Bahr Halvorsen, 1919–1923
 * Ivar Lykke, 1923–1926
 * Carl Joachim Hambro, 1926–1934
 * Johan H. Andresen, 1934–1937
 * Ole Ludvig Bærøe, 1937–1940
 * Arthur Nordlie, 1945–1950
 * Carl Joachim Hambro, 1950–1954
 * Alv Kjøs, 1954–1962
 * Sjur Lindebrække, 1962–1970
 * Kåre Willoch, 1970–1974
 * Erling Norvik, 1974–1980
 * Jo Benkow, 1980–1984
 * Erling Norvik, 1984–1986
 * Rolf Presthus, 1986–1988
 * Kaci Kullmann Five, 1988
 * Jan P. Syse, 1988–1991
 * Kaci Kullmann Five, 1991–1994
 * Jan Petersen, 1994–2004
 * Erna Solberg, 2004–present

Party Congresses

 * ?. landsmøte 1884 25 August
 * ?. landsmøte 1885 18 August
 * ?. landsmøte 1886 28 August
 * ?. landsmøte 1887 26 August
 * ?. landsmøte 1888 9 June
 * ?. landsmøte 1889 30 August
 * ?. landsmøte 1890 22 August ynglingeforeningen sal
 * ?. landsmøte 1891 11 June ynglingeforeningen sal
 * ?. landsmøte 1892 26 August
 * ?. landsmøte 1893 18 August Bergen
 * ?. landsmøte 1884 30 January Christiania
 * ?. landsmøte 1885 19 August Trondhjem
 * ?. landsmøte 1986 14 August Hamar
 * ?. landsmøte mars 1897 1 April Grand Hotel (Oslo)
 * ?. landsmøte 1898 19 July Bergen Børs
 * ?. landsmøte 1899 3 July Christiania
 * ?. landsmøte 1900 16 March Christiania
 * ?. landsmøte 1902 9 October Christiania
 * ?. landsmøte 1903 25 May Christiania
 * ?. landsmøte 1906 5 February Christiania
 * ?. landsmøte 1908 27 January Christiania

 * ?. landsmøte 1909 3 May Christiania, Norwegian Nobel Institute
 * ?. landsmøte 1910 7 March Christiania, Norwegian Nobel Institute
 * ?. landsmøte 1911 17 November Christiania, Norwegian Nobel Institute
 * ?. landsmøte 1912 27 June Christiania Håndverks- og Industriforenings Festsal
 * ?. landsmøte 1913 20 June Christiania Håndverks- og Industriforenings Festsal
 * ?. landsmøte 1914 17 June Christiania Håndverks- og Industriforenings Festsal
 * ?. landsmøte 1915 25 June Trondhjem
 * ?. landsmøte 1916 14 February Oslo Handelsstands Forening
 * ?. landsmøte 1918 21 June Christiania Håndverks- og Industriforenings Festsal
 * ?. landsmøte 1988 22-24 January Oslo

title: Conservative Party (Norway)


text:
HMS Hydra (A144)

HMS Hydra (pennant number A144) was a Royal Navy deep ocean hydrographic survey vessel, the third of the original three of the Hecla-class survey vessel. The ship was laid down as yard number 2258 on 14 May 1964 at Yarrow Shipbuilders, at Scotstoun on the River Clyde and launched on 14 July 1965 by Mary Lythall, wife of the then Chief Scientist (Royal Navy), Basil W Lythall CB (1919–2001). She was completed and first commissioned on 4 May 1966 and, as the replacement for the survey ship HMS Owen (K640), her commanding officer and many of her ship's company formed the first commission of HMS Hydra. She was decommissioned and sold to the Indonesian Navy in 1986 and renamed KRI Dewa Kembar (Pennant Number 932); she was still in service in 2019.

Ship's name and battle honours
There have been eight ships of the name HMS Hydra in the Royal Navy, named for the Hydra of Greek Mythology, a serpent with many heads (though nine is generally accepted as standard), the centre one of which was immortal. The monster was overcome and slain by Hercules. The ship's badge of HMS Hydra depicts the monster with seven heads. The ship's motto was Ut Herculis Perseverantia ("Like Hercules Persevere").

Late 1960s
In the month after first commissioning Hydra carried out machinery and equipment trials and embarked stores at Chatham, before sailing for surveys in the North Atlantic. Based in Reykjavík, an extensive area south of Iceland was surveyed between June and September 1966. She then visited Copenhagen and for the remainder of 1966, was employed in searching for wrecks in the shipping lanes of the North Sea and the approaches to the Dover Strait, before returning to Chatham in early December for her winter lie-up. March 1967 saw the ship carrying out a short survey of the critical depths at the entrance of the Black Deep Channel in the Thames estuary. She then carried out a major survey of the bathymetry, gravity anomalies and total magnetic field in a large area of the Atlantic Ocean, covering the North-West Approaches to Britain. At the same time, between May and August 1967, a detached party and the ship's two surveying motor boats undertook a survey of the fishing port of Burtonport, Donegal. After summer leave and maintenance and a visit to Brest, she spent a fortnight on oceanographic surveys in the Azores area, followed by a visit to Lisbon and passage to Freetown. An oceanographic survey of the fishing grounds between Freetown and Agadir was completed. At Gibraltar in mid-November, she conducted trials of towed and free balloons carrying meteorological instruments before reaching Chatham for refit on 24 November 1967.

She recommissioned on 30 January 1968 and in March undertook an oceanographic voyage designed to advance knowledge of air/sea interaction. She carried out surveys in the Bristol Channel in April and then, for six weeks, in the southern approaches to the River Clyde. For the following two months, she was based at Londonderry and an area in the north-western approaches to Ireland was surveyed to the 100 fathom line. At Chatham in late August, she took part in Navy Days and then visited the Pool of London in early September. The ship sailed Chatham in late October and carried out surveys off the west coast of Africa, spending Christmas 1968 in Gibraltar.

In early January 1969 she carried out surveys off the French Mediterranean coast. She then took part in the Atlantic Trade Wind Experiment, with survey ships from West Germany and the US; this consisted of a 15-day drift, with engines stopped, from a position some 600 mi west of Cape Verde Islands. Hydra returned to Sierra Leone in mid-February and carried out surveys until she sailed Freetown on 25 May 1969. She spent a fortnight investigating an up-welling off Cape Blanc, then calling at Gibraltar before arriving on 19 June 1969 for a refit at Chatham. A new ship's company joined at the end of August and she sailed from Chatham at the end of October for the Far East. Calls were made en route at Freetown, Simonstown and Mauritius and Singapore was reached in time for Christmas. A survey of the Malacca Strait was started on 31 December 1969.

1970s - and five years away from the UK
Surveying a route 10 mi wide down the 180 mi length of the Malacca Strait was a mammoth task. Breaks for maintenance, fuel and recreation were taken at Singapore, with a longer interruption from mid-June to mid-October 1970 for refit by Sembawang Shipyard. The ship visited Port Swettenham before resuming surveys in the Malacca Strait. However, she was detached after a fortnight to support the British task force sent from Singapore to relieve the area of East Pakistan stricken by a severe cyclone and storm surge. The ship was used in a survey role, finding and marking channels for small craft to take in food and supplies. She later resumed the Malacca Strait survey and spent Christmas 1970 at Singapore. During her year in the Malacca Strait, 63 shoal soundings were reported and promulgated by Notice to Mariners.

The surveys of the Malacca Strait were concluded in March 1971 and she then spent three weeks in Hong Kong charting waters to the south of Lantao. On 6 April 1971, HMS Hydra sailed from Hong Kong to return to the UK, via the Panama Canal. She called at Yokosuka, Long Beach, Acapulco and Bridgetown, Barbados, making gravity, magnetics and bathymetric observations on passage and investigating several shoals. The summer and autumn of 1971 were spent at Chatham, with a refit and trials.

Recommissioned at Chatham on 11 October 1971, she sailed on 30 November 1971 via the Cape of Good Hope, to return to the Far East from where she was not to return for five years, carrying out extensive surveys in the south Pacific. She left Simonstown on 3 January 1972 and called at Mauritius before carrying out a short investigation around the Aldabra Islands. After a visit to Mombasa to calibrate the ship's gravimeter, the first half of February was spent in the Seychelles where the ship's helicopter helped with the erection of Hi-Fix sites.

Hydra was detached from surveying, and ordered to return to the Mauritius area, arriving off Rodrigues Island, one of the Mascarene Islands, on 26 February to assist in disaster relief. She left the area and arrived Singapore on 13 March, thus completing a circumnavigation of the globe in one year. After a short period of maintenance, she set sail for her 1972 survey area in the Solomon Islands. This survey, from 17 April to 18 August, covered the Bougainville Strait, last surveyed in 1884. Visits were paid to Honiara (Guadalcanal Island), Ghizo Island and Kieta (Bougainville Island). A three-week visit to Brisbane was brought forward in order to have two defective main engines replaced by two flown out from the United Kingdom. The ship arrived in Hong Kong at the end of August, where she spent three months, some time being spent on surveys in local waters. She sailed from Hong Kong on 28 October and arrived in Singapore for her annual refit which began on 13 November; the most important work was the installation of the SRN9 satellite navigation system.

The refit was completed on 13 January and Hydra sailed 12 February 1973 to resume surveys in the Solomon Islands, brief visits being paid to Jakarta and Thursday Island during the 4000 mi passage to Honiara. Surveys of Bougainville Strait and New Georgia Sound were completed. A three-week visit was paid to Brisbane in May, for maintenance, and while on passage both ways a reconnaissance was made of Indispensable Reef. For the next thirteen weeks, almost without a break, surveys were undertaken along the north coasts of Choiseul and Santa Isabel Islands and of Manning Strait. A Solomon Islands 45c postage stamp was issued in January 1981, recording the ship's surveying from April 1972 to September 1973.

Preparations for future surveys were carried out around Fiji in late 1973 and a visit was made to Sydney on passage back to Singapore, where she arrived on 26 October for refit; the ship's company lived ashore in the ANZUK barracks. No time was lost owing to bad weather or breakdown during a year in which the ship had steamed over 48000 mi. The two survey boats had steamed an additional 10000 mi during the surveys of the Solomon Islands.

With the refit completed in January 1974, her next surveys were around the Maldives, during which time she visited Gan. She made the long passage east, via Singapore, and arrived at her new base of Suva, in the Fiji Islands, on 12 April. Surveys were carried out off northern Viti Levu, with a break in June/July for maintenance in Brisbane. Back off Viti Levu in July, these surveys were completed by August. The next month, work began on modern surveys off northern Vanua Levu and of Yandua Island. Before departing Fijian waters on 21 October, HMS Hydra took part in celebrations to mark the centenary of the cession of the islands to Queen Victoria, with Prince Charles embarked for part of the time. Survey was made of Epi Island, and other areas, of the New Hebrides on passage for Auckland, New Zealand, where the ship arrived on 28 November for maintenance and leave.

Surveys off Vanua Levu were resumed in January 1975, though work was punctuated with excursions to the Koro Sea for hurricane assistance and search and rescue work. The ship was absent from surveys in the Fiji area in March for a series of vigia investigations in the south-western Pacific. Surveys were broken off at the end of April and, on 2 May, the ship sailed Suva for Singapore, where she arrived on 22 May for a ten-week refit.

HMS Hydra then sailed for the Indian Ocean and was surveying the waters around the Seychelles from September to November. She then had a maintenance period in Mombasa, returning to survey off Mahé. Christmas 1975 was spent in Port Victoria and the ship sailed the Seychelles on 29 December for the Persian Gulf.

The main survey was on the traffic separation routes about 60 mi from the eastern end of the Persian Gulf, around the Tunb Islands off Iran. The surveys began with a visit to Bandar Abbas and Iranian naval personnel were attached to the ship for the duration. The ship remained in the area until the end of April, working mostly out of Bandar Abbas, but visits were paid to Karachi (for maintenance), Masirah and Dubai. Passage through the Suez Canal into the Mediterranean was followed by a two-week maintenance period in Malta in late May 1976. Surveys then began in the western Mediterranean, until the middle of September, with visits to Palermo, Malta and Gibraltar. She sailed the Rock on 14 September for Portsmouth, her first sighting of the UK in five years. She then underwent a refit at Vosper Thornycroft in Southampton, when her living accommodation was extensively modernised; boat surveys of Portsmouth harbour, and other south coast harbours, were carried out during the refit. No chart of Chichester harbour had previously existed, and parts of the Poole area had not been surveyed since 1878.

HMS Hydra completed refit in August 1977 and was operational again on 26 September. She sailed 24 October for Iran, calling briefly at Gibraltar and Malta. She arrived at Bandar Abbas, in company with HMS Hecate (A137), on 23 November and surveys then began along the Iranian coast in the Gulf of Oman. Christmas 1977 was spent in Bahrain. She was employed on surveys in the Persian Gulf, off Iran, for much of 1978 and 1979.

On 1 January 1979, as one of four Royal Navy survey ships forming the Persian Gulf Surveying Squadron (HMS Herald (H138), HMS Fawn (A325) and HMS Fox (A320)), HMS Hydra was at anchor in Char Bahar bay on the south-east coast of Iran. Later in the month, the ship was at Bombay for maintenance, resuming surveys off Iran on 4 February. The surveys were almost complete when the ship was ordered to Bandar Abbas assist with the evacuation of western nationals during the Iranian revolution. While awaiting a decision as to their future employment, the ships of the squadron were engaged in investigations of the many shoals in the centre of the Persian Gulf. The ship visited Muscat and then the decision was made to withdraw the squadron, so passage was set for the UK, with visits to Haifa, Catania and Gibraltar, before arriving in Portsmouth on 19 April. She sailed on 9 May for shoal investigations in Scottish waters and spent July and August in Southampton for docking and repairs at Vosper. The autumn of 1979 was spent off the west coast of Scotland, starting a detailed survey of the Western Approaches to the North Channel, an area where a large number of U-boats were sunk in 1946 after their surrender.

Service 1980–1981
HMS Hydra was employed on surveys off the west coast of Scotland in 1980 and 1981.

To West Africa and surveys in the Caribbean 1981–1982
Newly fitted with a leased Sercel Syledis positioning system for evaluation, she sailed on 7 September 1981 to conduct surveys in the Caribbean Sea (see ), surveying the Josephine Bank and the Ampere Bank on 11 and 13 September, as well as investigating "vigia 4", "vigia 7" and "vigia 23". With a maximum speed of 14 kn using all three engines, when the starboard engine was lost on 21 September, the ship was limited to 11 kn for the rest of the deployment.

She arrived Dakar, Senegal for a visit from 24 to 28 September 1981. On leaving Dakar, the ship was directed to Banjul, on 29 September in order to locate a ditched Senegalese Puma helicopter, which had crashed into the river while landing Senegalese troops during the attempted coup d'état, on 1 August 1981, in the Gambia. Using copies of a recent survey, by sister ship HMS Hecla (A133) flown to Dakar from the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, in Taunton, HMS Hydra's two surveying motor boats began sounding and sonar sweeping and located the ditched machine, the local port authority marking the helicopter's position with a float. She sailed the next day.

She arrived in Lagos, Nigeria, on 5 October 1981, in company with the destroyer USS Conyngham (DDG-17) (see ), which she had met, by chance, in fog outside the entrance to the port. She sailed from Lagos on 9 October passing north of St Peter and St Paul Rocks (see ) on 16 October, arriving at Bridgetown, Barbados, for a visit from 23 to 27 October. During the trip across the Atlantic the side-scan sonar was deployed the autopilot and engine speed set in an attempt to set a record for the longest survey line. The journey parallel to the equator was carried out with just one small course correction to avoid a fleet of fishing boats near to the coast of South America.

She was alongside at the US Naval Station at Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico (known to sailors as Roosey Roads - see and ) from 29 to 31 October before setting up camps and sites on Great Inagua and the Turks Islands, in order to carry out hydrographic surveys centred on the waters around the British Virgin Islands - see. These surveys were part of a project in co-operation with the United States Navy, in the Turks and Caicos Islands, covering the Mouchoir Passage and Turks Island Passage. These passages were last surveyed by Commander Richard Owen in HMS Blossom (1806) in 1829.

Visits were made to Roadtown, Tortola (see and map ) from 12 to 16 November and, after sailing, a rendezvous was made with RFA Stromness near Vieques to take on stores, before resuming surveys. On 2 December, she broke off from surveys to visit Nassau, Bahamas (see harbour map at ) from 4–8 December 1981 and she then continued surveying (Hydrographic Instruction - HI 54) until 15 December. Changes were found in the configuration of the reefs - the northern edge of the Mouchoir Bank being nearly two miles south of its charted position.

Leaving a handful of volunteers to guard the various sites on island shores, she sailed north in order to spend two weeks alongside in St. Petersburg, Florida (see ), arriving 18 December, for Christmas and New Year 1981/1982. Sailing on 2 January 1982, she arrived on the survey ground four days later and recovered the landed sailors, after their lonely three weeks in the sun.

Hydrographic Instruction "HI 54" was completed by 15 January 1982 and equipment ashore recovered. At anchor overnight on 15/16 January, she sailed for Roosevelt Roads arriving 18 January. She sailed three days later for Sand Cay in order to set up the surveys in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) area; time off task was necessitated by the ship being ordered to co-ordinate a search and rescue operation for a woman lost overboard from a yacht; the search was called off at sunset without finding her. 21–22 January was spent in Road Town, Tortola and then hydrographic surveys began, anchoring overnight 22/23 January off Beef Island, before setting up the boat camp and trisponder station on Guana Island and "bottoming" overnight. Hydrographic surveys continued in the BVI, including a detached boat camp in West Anegada (see ), until completion on 8 February, anchoring that night in Cane Garden Bay, Tortola (see ).

A visit was made to St. John's, on the island of Antigua, from 9–13 February, before passage east across the Atlantic Ocean. 21–22 February was spent surveying the Atlantic Seamount, 400 mi southwest of the Azores, completing with a visit to Ponta Delgada, the island's capital, on 25–26 February. At anchor off Swanage, and later in Spithead on 3 March, she returned to Portsmouth Naval Base on 4 March 1982.

Hospital ship: The Falklands War of 1982
March was spent in the naval base, the ship undergoing assisted maintenance and the ship's company taking leave. The ship's programme for more surveys off the west coast of Scotland in the summer of 1982 was changed by Argentina's invasion of the Falkland Islands in April 1982. HMS Hydra was converted in Portsmouth Naval Base for service as a hospital ship – a replenishment at sea position was fitted, the yellow funnel painted white and red crosses painted prominently, and the starboard engine replaced – and she sailed on 24 April 1982, in company with her sister-ship HMS Herald (H138) (see photo ), with additional medical staff, for the South Atlantic. A BBC News report on that day described the ship as "... converted to a casualty ferry ... [whose] job will be to ferry wounded troops from the Falklands' beachhead to the hospital ship Uganda; at this stage it was not at all certain quite how the ship would be used.

Her journey south took four weeks, crossing the line on 6 May (although the traditional ceremony was held the previous day, for operational reasons). She was a short time in the anchorage off Ascension Island for replenishment on 8 May. She was at position -35°N, -35°W on 15 May and -45°N, -47°W on 18 May. HMS Hydra joined sister ship HMS Hecla and SS Uganda, in the "Red Cross Box" (-48.5°N, -53.75°W), about 45 mi north of Falkland Sound on 19 May.

A rendezvous was made on 25 May 1982 with the requisitioned P&O liner, the troopship SS Canberra, and MV Norland in order to transfer casualties by the ship's Westland Wasp helicopter. The day after she arrived in "Red Cross Box 2" – at position -50.83333°N, -58.66667°W on 30 May, she embarked 49 casualties from Uganda. Underway the next day, 2 June 1982, on passage for Montevideo, she undertook the ship's first-ever replenishment at sea – a RAS(L) – with the oiler RFAUX Olmeda, in order to take on fuel. The ship arrived in the River Plate on 6 June, disembarking her patients in the full glare of the world's media, eager for news and photographs. She sailed south at 2200 the same day.

The pattern of casualty evacuation was thus established: HMS Hydra worked with her two sister ships, HMS Hecla (see ) and HMS Herald, to take casualties from the main hospital ship Uganda (see ), operating in the declared "Red Cross Box", to Montevideo, Uruguay (see ), where they were disembarked by a fleet of Uruguayan ambulances and flown by RAF VC10 aircraft to the UK for transfer to the Princess Alexandra Hospital at RAF Wroughton, near Swindon. The hospital ship HMS Hydra made four such passages from the waters off the Falkland Islands to Montevideo, carrying a total of 251 British military casualties, many of them burns victims after the air attacks on landing ships at Bluff Cove (see ). The last three 'lifts' of patients were made with departures from Grantham Sound, in the Falkland Islands, to Montevideo on 14 June with 80 casualties, 24 June with 66 casualties and, finally, on 7 July 1982 with 48 casualties. Thirty of the ship's company had been trained, during the passage south, to support the medical staff as temporary nurses and many were called on for that assistance. Inspections to ensure compliance with International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) conditions were carried out by ICRC staff, some transferring to the ship in an Argentine hospital ship aircraft on 12 June. An inspection was also made by Argentine naval officers in the estuary of the River Plate.

After the surrender, to Royal Marines Major-General Jeremy Moore, of the Argentine occupying forces on 14 June 1982, HMS Hydra stayed behind as the Falkland Islands Hospital Ship, based in Stanley (see ), until the airport runway was repaired and extended. After her last journey to Uruguay, she returned south and went to anchor in Port William (see ), Falkland Islands, on 17 July. The next day she weighed anchor and sailed into Stanley, to anchor near the damaged RFAUX Sir Tristram, spending a week in the harbour, undergoing self-maintenance.

She later visited most of the major settlements, providing transport for a civilian doctor to visit the scattered population, and was at Fox Bay (see ) from 15 to 17 August. She finally left Stanley on 27 August 1982, calling at Ascension Island on 9 September 1982, disembarking an advance leave party to fly home ahead of the ship.

HMS Hydra was the last unit of the original Operation Corporate Task Force to return to the UK, arriving to an extraordinary welcome in Portsmouth on 24 September 1982; the Hydrographer of the Navy, Rear-Admiral David Haslam, embarked for the passage from Spithead, his flag flying from the ship's HiFix mast so as not to displace the Red Cross flag from the mainmast; also notable was the salute paid to HMS Hydra by the NATO Commander, COMSTRIKFLTLANT, Vice-Admiral James A Lyons Jr of the United States Navy, and the ship's company of his flagship, USS Mount Whitney (LCC-20) (see ), lining the deck. The American ship was on a routine visit to Portsmouth; his flagship saluting the junior ship in a signal tribute to her war service, rather than HMS Hydra saluting his senior flag as would be the normal maritime custom (both salutes being made using a Boatswain's call).

HMS Hydra was then converted back to her survey fleet role and resumed surveys in UK waters later in the year. Meanwhile, the ship's company went on leave, many having been away from home waters for eleven of the past twelve months.

United Kingdom waters 1982–1983
HMS Hydra, freshly painted in her survey livery and with a large number of new faces among her 120 men, sailed Portsmouth on 25 November 1982 for surveys in the Western Approaches. At first it was too rough to start surveying, so the ship anchored off Scalasaig, Colonsay, on 28 November and weighed anchor to resume surveying the next day; after calibration of the Hyperfix chain being used for positional control, the sonar sweep and sounding began.

She broke off surveying and set passage to Greenock on 5 December, arriving alongside Greenock Pier the next day. She sailed out of the River Clyde on 8 December, and was east of Jura the following day, having resumed surveys. She broke off surveying on 13 December and sailed south for Portsmouth, securing outboard of the Tribal-class frigate HMS Zulu (F124) on 16 December 1982, before granting Christmas leave to the majority of the ship's company. Despite the interruptions due to bad weather, 250 sqmi of surveying were completed in the three weeks on task.

She sailed Portsmouth five days into the New Year and arrived on the survey ground, off the west coast of Scotland, on 7 January 1983, but surveying proved difficult owing to rough weather; the survey area was about 30 mi north of the aptly named Bloody Foreland in the northwest of Ireland. She was off Jura on 8 January and made passage through the Sound of Islay on 10 January. She broke off surveying on 13 January and set passage to the River Clyde, arriving alongside Greenock Pier a day later, sailing again for the survey ground on 17 January.

She passed round the Mull of Kintyre to the Sound of Jura on 18 January and resumed surveys the next day. Very rough weather forced the ship to shelter behind the island of Inishtrahull on 20 January, so little progress had been made before she broke off from surveys and sailed for Belgium on 26 January. She was on passage through the Irish Sea the next day and arrived alongside in Antwerp on 31 January for a four-day visit. She arrived back in Portsmouth, her home port, on 5 February 1983 for a scheduled docking and repairs to defects. She moved into dry dock, and was docked down from 15 to 23 February, the dock being flooded up on 24 February.

HMS Hydra returned to sea on Monday 25 April 1983, for a brief trials and shakedown cruise prior to a week's Safety Operational Sea Training (SOST) at the Portland Naval Base, from 17 to 25 May. On completion of SOST, specialist equipment and trials personnel were embarked from the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment (AUWE), Portland, for a two-month oceanographic trials cruise, in the Rockall Trench area and off Bear Island (Norway). The prototype Depth Analysis System developed at the Admiralty Compass Observatory was installed on the bridge, and trials staff embarked to conduct a short trial while on passage to Scotland. Visits were made to Trondheim and Lorient before the ship returned to her new base port of Devonport at the end of July 1983.

In early September 1983, HMS Hydra returned to Scottish waters and began surveys to the west of the Outer Hebrides for a proposed deep draught shipping route. The ship returned to Devonport on 21 October to prepare for a deployment to the Indian Ocean.

Final years - 1984–1986
HMS Hydra sailed on 14 November 1983 via Gibraltar, Naples and the Suez Canal for her first survey off the north coast of Oman. Christmas 1983 was spent at Dubai. 300 sqmi of surveys were completed before the ship broke off for passage to Mombasa for a period of assisted maintenance. Boat surveys of Mombasa harbour were carried out. Sailing north to the Red Sea, a brief call was made at Hodeida, in the Yemen Arab Republic, before passage north to the Suez Canal and through to the Mediterranean Sea. A visit was made to Haifa and then the ship called at Gibraltar before conducting a short examination of the Chaucer Bank before returning to Devonport in mid-April 1984. The remainder of 1984 was spent surveying between St Kilda and Barra, off the west coast of Scotland, with a short period on oceanographic work in northern waters. A detached party carried out a boat survey of Loch Melfort.

She spent the early part of 1985 continuing a survey of the Sea of the Hebrides. On 10 September 1985 she sailed from Devonport to continue surveys in Kenyan waters, which she had started in 1984, and this work continued until January 1986. In mid-January she was ordered to proceed to assist with the evacuation of expatriates from the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. She assisted HMY Britannia with the evacuation of 49 civilians before being released for the homeward passage to the United Kingdom. She arrived in Devonport on 27 February 1986 wearing her paying-off pennant. She was decommissioned and put on the disposal list on 31 March 1986.

Honours
HMS Hydra added a seventh Battle Honour – South Atlantic 1982 – to her name. From September 1981, her ship's company of 120 changed little for a year, notably the addition of wartime medical staff in April 1982. All the ship's company involved in Operation Corporate in 1982 were awarded the South Atlantic Medal, with rosette, engraved with their rank, name and ship's name.

title: HMS Hydra (A144)


text:
Seán Ó Riada

Seán Ó Riada (born John Reidy; 1 August 1931 – 3 October 1971) was an Irish composer and arranger of Irish traditional music. Through his incorporation of modern and traditional techniques he became the single most influential figure in the revival of Irish traditional music during the 1960s.

Ó Riada's career began as a music director at Radio Éireann from 1954, after which he worked at the Abbey Theatre from 1955 to 1962. He lectured in music at University College Cork from 1963 until his death in 1971. He became a household name in Ireland through his participation in Ceoltóirí Chualann, compositions, writings and broadcasts. His best-known pieces in the classical tradition include Nomos No. 1: Hercules Dux Ferrariae (1957), but he became particularly famous for his film scores Mise Éire (1959) and Saoirse? (1960). He left a lasting influence as founder and director of the ensemble Ceoltóirí Chualann (from 1961). His music still endures: his mass in Irish is still sung to this day in many churches in the Irish-speaking regions of Ireland.

Ó Riada died in 1971, aged 40.

Early life
Ó Riada was born John Reidy in Cork City. He spent his early years in Adare, County Limerick, where his father, a Garda sergeant, was stationed. After beginning school in Adare, he later attended St Finbarr's College, Farranferris and whilst he was there he received musical education from Aloys Fleischmann (Senior). He moved to St Munchin's College in Limerick where he completed his Leaving Certificate in 1948.

He played violin, piano and organ, and studied Greek and Latin classics at University College Cork, with Aloys Fleischmann (Junior) and graduated in 1952. While at college, Ó Riada was the auditor of the UCC Philosophical Society. That year he became assistant director for Radio Éireann. He married Ruth Coughlan in 1953.

During the evening he played piano with dance bands. He spent several months in France in 1955, and consolidated his interest in modernist music. On his return in July he became music director of the Abbey Theatre, Dublin (until 1962), where he wrote, arranged and directed music for the small pit orchestra, also continuing his work in radio. Most of his original, modern orchestral compositions were also written in this time, which included his Nomos No. 1: Hercules Dux Ferrariae for string orchestra (1957), Nomos No. 4 for piano and orchestra (1958) and the Triptyche pour orchestre (1960) as well as an early version of his ambitious Nomos No. 2 for baritone solo, mixed choir and orchestra (1965). As his work with Ceoltóirí Chualann developed, his engagement with the modern musical avantgarde decreased, but was never abandoned.

Mise Éire
Ó Riada composed and directed orchestral music for theatre and film, combining traditional Irish tunes and "sean-nós" (old style) songs in the classical tradition, similar to nationalist composers such as Dvořák (Czech), Bartók (Hungarian) and Ralph Vaughan Williams (English). In 1959 he scored a documentary film by George Morrison called Mise Éire ("I am Ireland"), about the founding of the Irish Republic. The recording is conducted by Ó Riada himself. Mise Éire brought him national acclaim and allowed him to start a series of programmes on Irish radio called Our Musical Heritage. Ó Riada told people that one should listen to sean-nós singing either as a child would listen or as if they were songs from India.

Ceoltóirí Chualann
Between 1961 and 1969 Ó Riada led the Ceoltóirí Chualann group. They played in concert halls dressed in black suits with white shirts and black bow ties, but relied on traditional songs and tunes. An ordinary céili band or show-band would have musicians who competed with each other to grab the audience's attention. Ceoltóirí Chualann played sparse lucid arrangements. Ó Riada sat in the middle at front playing a harpsichord and a bodhrán, a hand-held frame-drum. This was an instrument that had almost died out, being played only by small boys in street parades. Ceilí bands generally had jazz-band drum-kits. Ó Riada also wanted to use the cláirseach or wire-strung harp in the band, but as these were as yet unavailable, he played the harpsichord instead – in his opinion the nearest sound to a cláirseach. The harpsichord he used on a regular basis was made by Cathal Gannon. Unknown to Ó Riada, Irish folk music was being played ensemble-style in London pubs, but for most people of Ireland this was the first time they heard these tunes played by a band. For some, the membership of Ceoltóirí Chualann overlapped with that of The Chieftains. They recorded the soundtrack of the film Playboy of the Western World (original play by John Millington Synge) in 1962. Their last public performance was in 1969, the album was then called "Ó Riada Sa Gaiety".

Final years
In 1963, Ó Riada was appointed lecturer in music at University College, Cork. He moved to Baile Bhúirne, and not Cúil Aodha (a common misconception) in West Cork, an Irish-speaking area, where he established Cór Chúil Aodha, a male voice choir. He turned toward choral church music, composing two settings of the Mass. Ceol an Aifrinn ("Music of the Mass") was the first Mass written in the Irish language. This featured the hymn "Ag Críost an Síol", which has become popular in its own right, and with such good phrasing, that it is (wrongly) thought by many today to be an ancient medieval tune. Aifreann 2 ("Mass 2") premiered posthumously in 1979. Further works in the "classical" tradition include Five Epigrams from the Greek Anthology (1958) and In memoriam Aloys G. Fleischmann (1964) to words by Hölderlin. Ó Riada also set the poetry of Thomas Kinsella (Three Poems, 1954), who returned the favour by praising Ó Riada in verse.

He became involved in Irish politics and was a friend of several influential leaders. Ó Riada and his wife Ruth drank regularly at a local pub which still advertises itself as being his local.

Death
He suffered cirrhosis of the liver. He was flown to King's College Hospital, London, for treatment and died there. He is buried in St Gobnait's graveyard, Baile Bhuirne, County Cork. Willie Clancy played at his funeral.

Legacy
Seán Ó Riada and Ceoltóirí Chualann set to music the Peadar Ó Doirnín lyric Mná na hÉireann, which has been recorded or re-used by many artists. As performed by the Chieftains, it is used as a romantic overture throughout the Stanley Kubrick movie Barry Lyndon and is the basis of The Christians' 1989 single Words. His daughter Liadh Ní Riada was elected as Sinn Féin Member of the European Parliament in 2014. She was the Sinn Féin candidate in the 2018 presidential election.

The Irish poet Séamus Heaney included the poem "In Memoriam Seán Ó Riada" in his 1979 collection Field Work. In 2008, a life-sized statue was erected in the grounds of Sépéil Naomh Gobnait, Cúil Aodha.

On 23 April 2010 Ceoltóirí Chualann reformed under the leadership of Peadar Ó Riada to play a tribute concert to Seán Ó Riada in Dublin's Liberty Hall. In 2011, A festival, Féile na Laoch, was organised in his honour by his son, Peadar, between 30 September and 3 October in the honour of heroes (laochra) from the seven 'Muses': Storytelling, Sport, Singing, Poetry, Music, Dancing and Acting centring on Ó Riada. Two schools are named 'Scoil Uí Riada' after him: a Gaelscoil in Kilcock, County Kildare, and another, in Bishopstown, Cork City.

Works
Opera
 * Spailpín a Rúin. Opera in 3 acts (1960). First performance: Dublin, Damer Theatre (St Stephen's Green), 15 September 1960.

Orchestral
 * Papillons (Schumann) orchestrated (1952)
 * Overture Olynthiac (1955)
 * The Banks of Sulán. A Pastoral Elegy (1956)
 * Nomos No. 1: Hercules Dux Ferrariae for string orchestra (1957)
 * Nomos No. 4 for piano and orchestra (1958)
 * Aspects of Irish Traditional Music (1959)
 * Seoladh na nGamhan. Festival Overture (1959)
 * Triptyche pour orchestre symphonique (1960)
 * Nomos No. 6 (1966)

Voice with orchestra
 * The Lords and the Bards (Robert Farren) for narrator, soloists, chorus, orch. (1959)
 * Nomos No. 2 (Sophocles) for baritone, chorus, orch. (1963)

Choral music (without orchestra) Songs for voice and piano
 * 'Five Epigrams from the Greek Anthology (anon.) for flute, guitar and mixed chorus (1958)
 * Ceathramhhaintí Éagsamhla (words?) for SATB choir a capella (1962)
 * Díoghlann Ceoil agus Dána (old Irish liturgy) for SATB choir (1963)
 * Requiem for a Soldier (words?) for soloists, chorus and organ (1968)
 * Four Songs (1954). Contains: Autumn; Winter; Spring; Summer.
 * Lustra (anon. Chinese in transl.) (1954)
 * Three Poems by Thomas Kinsella (1954). Contains: Classical; Night Song 1; Night Song 2.
 * Serenade (words?) (1955)
 * Four Nursery Rhymes (trad.) (1956). Contains: Humpty Dumpty; Tom, Tom; Rockabye, Baby; Seothín Seó.
 * In memoriam Aloys G. Fleischmann: Four Hölderlin Songs (Johann Christian Hölderlin) : Die Heimath; Fragment; Hälfte des Lebens; An Zimmern (1956)
 * Hill Field (John Montague) (1965)
 * Sekundenzeiger (Hans Arp) (1966)
 * Lovers on Aran (Seámus Heaney) (1968)
 * Mná na hÉireann (Peadar Ó Doirnín) (1968)

Piano
 * Eight Short Preludes (1953)
 * Five Epigrams (1954)
 * Piano Piece (1957)
 * Aon lá sa Mhuileann for harpsichord (1968)
 * Ceol (n.d.)

Film scores for orchestra
 * Mise Éire (1959)
 * Saoirse? (1960)
 * Kennedy's Ireland (1960)
 * The Death of a Lord Mayor (1960)
 * Young Cassidy (1965)
 * An Tine Bheo (1966)
 * Ceol na Laoi (c.1966)

Others
 * Suite of Greek Folksongs for flute, oboe, viola, cello, piano (1958)
 * Ceol Máirseála i gcóir Socraide for military band (1968)

Religious music
 * Ceol an Aifrinn / Ó Riada Mass (1968)
 * Aifreann nua / Aifreann 2 (1970)
 * Requiem Mass (1970)

Incidental music to several plays at the Abbey Theatre including An Crúiscín Lán (1956), The Playboy of the Western World (1956), Súgán Sneachta (1959), Mac Uí Rudaí (1961), Ulysses agus Penelope (1965).

Recordings

 * Ceolta Éireann / Music of Ireland: Gael-Linn CEF 001 (LP, 1958), re-issued as Gael-Linn CEFCD 001 (CD, 2009). Contains eight traditional Irish songs arranged for baritone and piano.
 * Mise Éire: Gael-Linn CEF 002 (EP, 1960); re-issued on Gael-Linn CEF 080 (LP & MC, 1979).
 * Saoirse?: Gael-Linn GL 1 (EP, 1960); re-issued on Gael-Linn CEF 080 (LP & MC, 1979).
 * Irische Volkslieder: Harmonia Mundi HMS 30691 (LP, 1965). Contains five traditional Irish songs arranged for chamber choir.
 * An Tine Bheo: Gael-Linn GL 2 (EP, 1966); re-issued on Gael-Linn CEF 080 (LP & MC, 1979).
 * Ceol na Laoi: Gael-Linn GL 14 (EP, 1966).
 * Vertical Man: Claddagh Records CSM 1 (LP & MC, 1969). Contains: Nomos No. 1: Hercules Dux Ferrariae, Three Poems by Thomas Kinsella, In memoriam Aloys G. Fleischmann, Hill Field, Sekundenzeiger, Lovers on Aran.
 * Ceol na hÉireann – Music of Ireland: Gael-Linn CEF 019 (LP, 1969). Contains: Slán le máigh, Feirmeoir an ghallbhaile (trad. arr. for orch.).
 * Ceol an Aifrinn / Ó Riada Mass: Gael-Linn CB 3 (LP & MC, 1971).
 * Aifreann nua / Aifreann 2: Gael-Linn CEF 081 (LP & MC, 1979).
 * Mise Éire: Gael-Linn CEF CD 134 (CD & LP, 1987). Contains: Mise Éire, Saoirse?, An Tine Bheo.
 * Romantic Ireland: Marco Polo 8.223804 (CD, 1995). Contains: The Banks of Sulán.
 * Seán Ó Riada: Orchestral Works: RTÉ Lyric fm CD 136 (CD, 2011). Contains: Overture Olynthiac, The Banks of Sulán, Nomos No. 1: Hercules Dux Ferrariae, Seoladh na nGamhan, Nomos No. 4, Mise Éire.
 * Ó Riada's Farewell: Claddagh Records CC 12 (LP, 1972). Traditional Irish music played on harpsichord

Recordings by Ceoltóirí Chualann
 * Reacaireacht an Riadaigh: Gael-Linn CEF 010 (LP, 1961).
 * The Playboy of the Western World: Gael-Linn CEF 012 (LP, 1962).
 * Ceol na nUasal: Gael-Linn CEF 015 (LP, 1967).
 * ding dong: Gael-Linn CEF 016 (LP, 1967).
 * Ó Riada sa Gaiety: (LP, 1971); currently available as Gael-Linn ORIADACD01.
 * Port na bPúcaí (Ó Riada solo, but with trad. material, previously unreleased recordings): Gael-Linn ORIADACD07 (CD, 2014)

title: Seán Ó Riada


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Catherine-Ann MacPhee

Catherine-Ann MacPhee (Cathy-Ann MacPhee; Scottish Gaelic: Catriona-Anna Nic a' Phi; born 1959) is a Scottish Gaelic singer from Barra in the Hebrides, now resident in Canada. She has worked in the theatre and broadcasting as well as giving musical performances in Scotland, England, Canada and elsewhere. After a period living in Ottawa she moved to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2017.

Acting career
Catherine-Ann was born on 21 November 1959 in the Island of Barra, Scotland where she grew up with Scottish Gaelic as her first language. Electricity did not reach the island until she was six. At the age of five she started singing at candle-lit ceilidhs in the little village of Eoligarry. During the summer she sang for tourists. At the age of seventeen she joined "Fir Chlis" (Northern Lights). It was the first Scottish Gaelic repertory theatre company and did work for radio and television including the 1979 BBC Scotland Gaelic language course Can Seo. Following budget cuts the company ended after three years. She moved to the Isle of Mull, where she worked in a bar in Tobermory, but soon joined John McGrath's English-speaking 7:84 theatre company. She traveled with them to Leningrad, Tbilisi, Toronto, Cape Breton and Berlin.

The first Gaelic albums
Ian Green from Greentrax Records heard her at a festival in Dingwall and offered a recording contract. Like her subsequent albums, all of the songs on Cànan Nan Gaidheal (The Language of the Gael) (1987) are in Gaelic, and most are traditional. One of the songs is by the Gaelic-speaking folk-rock group Runrig. The backing musicians include Tony Cuffe and William Jackson, both from the group Ossian.

Her second album, which is called Chi mi 'n Geamhradh after the first song, written by Calum and Rory MacDonald of Runrig, contains mostly traditional songs, though it has been described as "containing a bewildering range [in whose opinion?] of pop and New Age influences including drum machine, harp and bass guitar". It was probably the first time that "waulking songs" (work songs for women finishing tweed cloth) were treated this way.

The Mrs Ackyroyd Band is a loose association of singers who record perform comic parodies of folk music. In 1987 they undertook their only non-comic project, a song-cycle called The Stones of Callanish. MacPhee sang two of the songs on it.

Màiri Mhór (1821–1898)
The Highland Land League was an organisation devoted to resisting the Highland Clearances in the mid to late nineteenth century. Many songs were written by Màiri Mhór (Mary MacPherson) from Skye in support of their cause. In 1993 a biographical BBC TV film about Màiri Mhór was made in which Alyxis Daly played Màiri Mhór and MacPhee sang the soundtrack. In the following year the soundtrack album was released. Some of these Gaelic songs are about the landscape of the highlands and represent a farewell to a way of life. In 1997 she recorded a live album at the 50th anniversary of the Edinburgh Festival.

Discography

 * Albums
 * Cànan nan Gàidheal (The Language of the Gael) (1987)
 * Chi mi 'n Geamhradh (I See Winter) (1991)
 * Sings Màiri Mhòr (1994)
 * Òrain nan Gàidheal (1997)
 * Sùil air Ais (Looking Back) (2004)

 * Contributing artist
 * The Rough Guide to Scottish Music (1996)

 * Film
 * Màiri Mhòr: Her Life and Songs (1993)

title: Catherine-Ann MacPhee


text:
Gus Dudgeon

Angus Boyd "Gus" Dudgeon (30 September 1942 – 21 July 2002) was an English record producer, who oversaw many of Elton John's most acclaimed recordings, including his commercial breakthrough, "Your Song". Their collaboration led to seven US No. 1 albums, and established John as one of the most successful singles artists of the 1970s.

Dudgeon also produced Chris Rea's first hit, the US chart topping "Fool (If You Think It's Over)", and David Bowie's "Space Oddity", and steered many other artists to chart success, including Joan Armatrading and Elkie Brooks. The Guinness Book of Records cites Dudgeon as being the first person to use sampling in music production. He was a founding member of the Music Producers Guild.

Early life and career
Angus Boyd Dudgeon was born on 30 September 1942 in Woking, Surrey, England. After being expelled from Harrow School, he attended A. S. Neill's experimental and democratic Summerhill School. Throughout his life, Dudgeon regularly attended reunions and actively supported the school. Shortly before his death, he recounted how after leaving school, he was fired from a number of jobs in quick succession, "'cause I used to get bored and would leave without telling them. I worked in a toy store. I sold purple hearts on the streets of London—a pound for one hundred. I worked for a clip joint, an advertising agency. Just ridiculous jobs. I had no idea what I wanted to do".

After seeing a job vacancy in the newspaper, his mother steered Dudgeon towards Olympic Studios where he worked as a tea boy. Within a few years he had worked his way up to a position as an in-house engineer at Decca's studio in West Hampstead. In this capacity, he worked with the Artwoods, Bruce Channel, Davy Graham and Shirley Collins. Early pop successes included the Zombies' single "She's Not There" (1964) and John Mayall's album Blues Breakers with Eric Clapton (1966). He helped in the auditions for Tom Jones and the Rolling Stones. He rose to co-produce Ten Years After's debut album in 1967. Around this time, he also produced the Bonzo Dog Band albums, The Doughnut in Granny's Greenhouse and Tadpoles.

Collaboration with Elton John
At the urging of producers Denny Cordell and Andrew Loog Oldham, Dudgeon moved into production, setting up Tuesday Productions in 1968. Two years later, he began working with Elton John, who had heard Dudgeon's work on the as-yet-unreleased "Space Oddity". Their first collaboration was "Your Song", with Dudgeon elaborating the simple piano tune and adding an orchestral arrangement by Paul Buckmaster. It reached the US Top 10, becoming John's first substantial hit, and kick-starting "one of the most successful artist-producer pairings of all time, with Dudgeon guiding John throughout the decade and launching such blockbuster albums as Madman Across the Water, Honky Château, Goodbye Yellow Brick Road, and Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy.

Elton John trusted Dudgeon’s production instincts to the point that the artist often left the studio after the piano and vocal tracks were laid down, "leaving Dudgeon to create that unique synthesis of orchestral pop and Americana that defined many of John's best recordings". The producer helped to "make John the most successful singles artist of the 1970s, and No. 2 on the album charts behind Elvis Presley". Dudgeon and Elton John formed The Rocket Record Company and put out successful releases for Neil Sedaka and Kiki Dee. However, Dudgeon was sometimes critical of his and Elton John's work, and is quoted in Elizabeth Rosenthal's His Song: The Musical Journey of Elton John as castigating 1974's Caribou (which he produced), saying that "the sound is the worst, the songs are nowhere, the sleeve came out wrong, the lyrics weren't that good, the singing wasn't all there, the playing wasn't great and the production is just plain lousy". Dudgeon and Elton John parted company in 1976, re-uniting in 1985 to produce three more albums together.

Bowie, Brooks and sampling
After leaving Decca, where he had been an engineer on David Bowie's debut, Dudgeon produced Bowie's "Space Oddity" (1969). Tony Visconti agreed to produce the album, but not the single which he regarded as a novelty tune, and suggested Dudgeon instead. He went on to produce Michael Chapman's first three albums, Rainmaker (1969), Fully Qualified Survivor (1970), and Wrecked Again (1971). Each of these albums features string arrangements by Buckmaster. His production of John Kongos' hit "He's Gonna Step on You Again" (1971) used a tape loop of African tribal drumming. The Guinness Book of Records recognised him as the first person to use sampling in music production. He was also credited by Bowie as the voice of the gnome on The Laughing Gnome.

In 1972, Dudgeon produced Joan Armatrading's debut, Whatever's for Us, written by Armatrading and her then collaborator Pam Nestor. He also produced two singles for the duo, "Lonely Lady" and "Together in Words And Music" (Cube Records, 7" single, BUG-31). Both tracks were later added to the re-mastered CD of the Whatever's For Us album (2001). He also produced two highly successful albums for Elkie Brooks: Pearls and Pearls II, the former peaking at No. 2 and remaining in the UK Albums Chart for 79 weeks. In 1980, Dudgeon started working with Mary Wilson of the Supremes on her second solo album. Four songs were recorded and produced, including a cover of Creedence Clearwater Revival's "Green River". Ultimately Motown Records dropped Wilson's contract, and the masters were returned to her, the first time the company had ever done so. They were released in 2021 on Mary Wilson (Expanded Edition).

Other work
Dudgeon worked with a variety of acts, including Shooting Star, Audience, Chris Rea, Ralph McTell, Gilbert O'Sullivan, Lindisfarne, Judith Durham, Fairport Convention, the Sinceros, the Beach Boys, Solution, Voyager, Steeleye Span and Angie Gold.

In the late 1970s, he built Sol Studios, and also started working with alternative bands, including XTC, Menswear, and the Frank and Walters. In 1989, Dudgeon produced the debut solo album by Thomas Anders (ex-Modern Talking). At the time of his death, he was managing a band called Slinki Malinki.

Personal style
In the 1960s, Dudgeon regularly shopped on Chelsea's King's Road, and had a reputation as a flamboyant, stylish and sophisticated dresser. Throughout his career, he worked mainly with solo artists and preferred to select artists, engineers and studios himself, allowing him to piece albums together. Considered to be a perfectionist, he was also calm and patient and liked to stop recording to socialize.

Death
On 21 July 2002, Dudgeon and his wife, Sheila, died when their Jaguar veered off the M4 between Reading and Maidenhead. The inquest recorded a verdict of accidental death, noting that he was intoxicated and had possibly fallen asleep at the wheel while driving well in excess of the speed limit. He and his wife both suffered severe head injuries, were trapped in the car which landed in a storm drain, and may have drowned.

Posthumous honours
In 2002, the Gus Dudgeon Foundation for Recording Arts was established "to preserve and promote music production techniques allowing students... to learn and pass on these skills for future generations". Jim Barrett, a lecturer at the University of Glamorgan, installed Dudgeon's MCI mixing console in the Atrium building, "a multi-million pound facility", where, at the 2009 Art of Record Production Conference, Joan Armatrading opened The Gus Dudgeon Suite.

Elton John, Chris Hook, and Phil Harding each paid tribute to Dudgeon at the opening ceremony. Every summer, the university hosts a graduate recording course in Dudgeon's honour, in collaboration with the audio education organisation JAMES.

Joan Armatrading dedicated her 2003 album, Lovers Speak, to Gus Dudgeon and his wife Sheila. Elton John similarly dedicated his 2004 album, Peachtree Road.

title: Gus Dudgeon