text:
Charlie Melançon

Charles Joseph Melançon (born October 3, 1947) is an American politician and the former secretary of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.

From 2005 to 2011, he was the U.S. representative for LA's 3rd congressional district. He earlier served as a state representative, from 1987 to 1993. In 2010, he was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate seat held by the Republican David Vitter.

Early life, education and career
Melançon was born in Napoleonville, Louisiana, the son of Nicee L. "Brownie" (née Talbot) and Joe Melançon. The grandson and great-grandson of sugar cane farmers, Melançon has spent most of his life in Napoleonville, 50 miles south of Baton Rouge. He owned and operated several small businesses, including two Baskin-Robbins outlets. He also served as head of the American Sugar Cane League.

U.S. House of Representatives
Melançon ran in 2004 for the House of Representatives seat in Louisiana's 3rd congressional district and won.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Energy and Commerce
 * Subcommittee on Communications, Technology and the Internet
 * Subcommittee on Energy and Environment

Very soon after being sworn in January 2005, Melançon joined the Blue Dog Coalition. Like most Southern Democrats, he is more conservative than most members of the national party, especially on social issues. But he did vote for the DREAM Act and repealing "Don't Ask, Don't Tell".

Hurricanes Katrina and Rita
Just a few months after Melancon took office, Hurricane Katrina slammed into south Louisiana, causing massive levee failures and devastating flooding in the eastern part of his district. A second major storm, Hurricane Rita, struck the Gulf Coast three weeks later. Melancon worked with the rest of the Louisiana delegation in Congress to bring billions of recovery dollars to south Louisiana. He fought for federal funding for hurricane protection projects such as Morganza-to-the-Gulf and the levee systems in lower Plaquemines Parish and south Lafourche Parish.

Melancon has continuously urged other members of the United States Congress to visit south Louisiana for as long as Louisiana still has recovery or hurricane protection needs. He has brought Congressional delegations to the Gulf Coast to see firsthand the destruction from the storms as well as the ongoing need for hurricane protection and coastal restoration. Since the storms, Melancon has sponsored a number of reform bills to try to fix the flaws in the government's disaster response and relief system. As the representative for much of south Louisiana, Melançon has been an advocate in the United States Congress for hurricane recovery.

Supporting small businesses and economic development
Melancon supported the Job Creation Through Entrepreneurship Act (H.R. 2352), a bill that provided funding for more small business development centers. These small business incubators provide office space, support, and technology to help new companies get off the ground. He also supported tax relief for small businesses, voting for the Small Business Tax Relief Act of 2007 (H.R. 976). The bill provided tax credits and incentives for expanding and purchasing new equipment. Melançon joined other members from energy-producing states, as well as the Louisiana Oil and Gas Association, to keep new taxes on the oil and gas industry out of the President's 2010 budget.

Climate change
Melancon voted against the American Clean Energy and Security Act (H.R. 2454) twice, once in the Energy and Commerce Committee and again in the full the United States House of Representatives. The bill is also known as the "Waxman-Markey Energy Bill" or the "cap-and-trade" bill. Melançon said in a release that he opposed the bill because he believed it would hurt his "district and the people I represent … The oil and gas industry is the engine driving south Louisiana's economy, providing good-paying jobs to hundreds of thousands of our workers for generations."

Melancon was successful in including an amendment in the bill that would protect Louisiana's share of wetlands restoration funding from cuts indirectly caused by hurricane disaster assistance.

America's Affordable Health Choices Act
On July 31, 2009, Melançon voted against the America's Affordable Health Choices Act (H.R. 3200) in the Energy and Commerce Committee. Melançon explained in a statement that he voted against the bill for reasons including its potential effects on small businesses, the possibility of taxpayer-funded abortions, and increases in taxes.

Melançon said he was concerned that "the public option, as designed, would unfairly undercut anything the private sector could offer." He noted that the bill does not do enough to address the need for more providers in rural communities.

Melancon also voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in March 2010, because it "doesn’t work for Louisiana." However, he had not signed the discharge petition circulated by Iowa Republican Steve King calling for a complete repeal of the law.

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Melançon voted for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. In explaining his vote for the legislation, Melançon said, "The people of south Louisiana sent me to Congress because I promised to listen to them and do what I thought was right, not what was most popular or what my party told me to do. This plan, while far from perfect, will create or save an estimated 50,000 jobs in Louisiana, invest over $538 million in infrastructure projects for our state, and lay a foundation for long-term growth for our country through innovation and education."

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
Melancon voted for the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

Employee Free Choice Act
Although Melancon is listed as a co-sponsor of the Employee Free Choice Act, his comments on the bill indicate a more ambivalent measure of support. He has stated, "I understand many of the concerns expressed by the business community. I am interested in bringing both sides together to work out their differences and develop a bipartisan solution that will address some of these concerns, while still protecting employees’ rights."

Federal Marriage Amendment
In July 2006, Rep. Melancon voted in support of the Federal Marriage Amendment.

Matthew Shepard Act of 2009
On 29 April 2009, Rep. Melancon voted against the federal hate crimes expansion bill known as the Matthew Shepard Act.

2004 U.S. House campaign
Melancon declared his candidacy for Congress after longtime incumbent Billy Tauzin announced his retirement. Although he was considered an underdog for much of the race, he entered a runoff due to an especially ugly intraparty battle between Republican candidates Billy Tauzin III and state Senator Craig Romero, the former candidate being the son of the incumbent. In the runoff campaign, Melançon repeatedly hammered away at Tauzin III's family ties. Melançon won a victory by 569 votes. Romero set his sights on challenging Melançon in 2006, and was defeated again.

2006 U.S. House campaign
On November 7, 2006, Melancon defeated Romero 55% to 40% to win a second term in the U.S. House.

2008 U.S. House campaign
He was re-elected without opposition in November 2008. Because of William J. Jefferson's defeat on December 6 after federal corruption indictments, Melancon became the sole Democrat representing Louisiana in the U.S. House.

2010 U.S. Senate campaign
Melançon challenged incumbent Republican U.S. Senator David Vitter in 2010. In announcing his candidacy on August 27, 2009, he billed himself as "a proud centrist" and "a straight up the middle fighter for the little guy."

Secretary of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries
Edwards announced that state Representative Jack Montoucet of Scott in Lafayette Parish would take office in January 2017 to succeed Melancon as the wildlife and fisheries secretary.

Personal life
Melançon is married to the former Peachy Clark; they have two children.

title: Charlie Melançon


text: User talk:81.209.118.15

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.209.118.15


text:
The Farmer's Bride

The Farmer's Bride is a poetry collection by Charlotte Mew, first published in 1916 under the imprint of Harold Monro's Poetry Bookshop. An expanded collection of the same name, with eleven additional poems, appeared in 1921. This was published in the US under the title Saturday Market.

The title poem in the collection, "The Farmer's Bride", had initially appeared in The Nation in 1912. The poem is a poignant lament by an inarticulate farmer about his love for his young wife and her inability to respond to him either physically or emotionally.

The Farmer's Bride
Three Summers since I chose a maid, Too young maybe – but more's to do At harvest-time than bide and woo. When us was wed she turned afraid Of love and me and all things human; Like the shut of a winter's day Her smile went out, and 'twasn't a woman – More like a little frightened fay. One night, in the Fall, she runned away.

'Out 'mong the sheep, her be,' they said, Should properly have been abed; But sure enough she wasn't there Lying awake with her wide brown stare. So over seven-acre field and up-along across the down We chased her, flying like a hare Before our lanterns. To Church-Town All in a shiver and a scare We caught her, fetched her home at last And turned the key upon her, fast.

She does the work about the house As well as most, but like the mouse: Happy enough to chat and play With birds and rabbits as such as they, So long as men-folk keep away. 'Not near, not near!' her eyes beseech When one of us comes within reach. The women say that beasts in stall Look round like children at her call I've hardly heard her speak at all

Shy as a leveret, swift as he, Straight and slight as a young larch tree, Sweet as the first wild violets, she, To her wild self. But what to me?

The short days shorten and the oaks are brown, The blue smoke rises to the low grey sky, One leaf in the still air falls slowly down, A magpie's spotted feathers lie On the black earth spread white with rime, The berries redden up to Christmas-time. What's Christmas-time without there be Some other in the house than we!

She sleeps up in the attic there Alone, poor maid. 'Tis but a stair Betwixt us. Oh! my God! the down, The soft young down of her; the brown, The brown of her – her eyes, her hair, her hair!

Analysis
"The Farmer’s Bride" was a groundbreaking piece of work that shed light on Charlotte Mew's literary expertise and unique style of writing. Mew's life, which she kept very private, was full of tumultuous sorrow, loss, and upheaval from a very young age. As the oldest daughter of seven children she watched as several of her siblings were institutionalized, suffered from mental illness, and eventually committed suicide.

title: The Farmer's Bride


text:
Oldcastle

Oldcastle may refer to:

Places

 * Oldcastle, Bridgend, Wales, a ward
 * Oldcastle, Cheshire, England, a parish
 * Oldcastle, County Meath, Ireland, a town
 * Oldcastle, Monmouthshire, Wales, a village
 * Oldcastle, Ontario, Canada, an unincorporated community

People with the surname

 * Sir John Oldcastle, a supporter of the Lollards in the 15th century
 * Sir John Oldcastle, a play about him

Other uses

 * Oldcastle Revolt, a revolt led by John Oldcastle

title: Oldcastle


text:
User:Quatermass

I'm Stuart Halliday, a married man from Edinburgh, Scotland. I now live in Livingston, Scotland, United Kingdom.

I work as a IT engineer and dabble in making web sites.

Here is some I run:

MyTriops

The Aquarium Wiki Encyclopaedia

title: User:Quatermass


text:
Mustafa Subhi

Mustafa Suphi or Mustafa Subhi (1883 – 28 January 1921) was a Turkish revolutionary and communist during the period of dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

Early life
Suphi was born in 1883 in Giresun Province, in the Ottoman Empire, now located in Turkey. He was educated in Jerusalem, Damascus and Erzurum before he attended Galatasaray High School. He studied political science in Paris, where he was also a correspondent of the Turkish newspaper Tanin. He returned to Turkey in 1910, where he edited the newspaper Ifham. He also gave lectures on law and economics. In 1913 he was accused of involvement in the assassination of Mahmud Şevket Pasha and sentenced to fifteen years of exile in Sinop. There, he contributed articles about western philosophy to the periodicals Ictiha and Hak. However, in 1914 he escaped from Sinop and fled to Russia, where, following the outbreak of the First World War, Russian authorities regarded him as a prisoner of war and sent him into exile in the Ural region.

Communist activism
In 1915, he was in the Urals, where he joined the Bolshevik Party. In July 1918, he helped organise the Congress of the Turkish Left Socialists, held in Moscow, and in November, he became involved in Muskom. He was also elected to the Central Committee of the All Russia Muslim Workers section of Narkomnats. He acted as Mirsäyet Soltanğäliev's secretary. In 1918 he founded Yeni Dünya (New World) in Moscow and used it to popularise the foundations of scientific socialism to Turkish prisoners-of-war. He was chairperson of the Turkish Section of Eastern Publicity Bureau, and in 1919 attended the First Congress of the Third International as the delegate for Turkey.

At the First Congress of Communist Party of Turkey, held in Baku on 10 September 1920, Suphi was elected its chairman and went to Anatolia. He was one of the 15 communists who went to Turkey to join the Turkish War of Independence. After encountering hostility in Erzurum, the communists tried to return to Baku. However, they were murdered by Sailor Yahya after they had set sail from Trabzon on the night of 28 January 1921. He was possibly murdered by a group of supporters of Enver Pasha from Trabzon, apparently because of the fear that Suphi might expose Enver Pasha's plans of political activities in Moscow and his ultimate intention of using the Bolsheviks to regain power in Turkey once the Turkish National Movement were defeated.

 * There is need to provide army service area in order to establish links between the partisan troops in various locations of Anatolia and there is need to establish Military-Revolution Committee so as to strengthen this movement. This organization is going to be independent; but our organization will guide it. All the mission of Military-Revolution Committee of Turkey will concentrate on the direction of progression and preservation of the movement of social revolution both in Soviet Russia and worldwide. It will prove useful for Anatolian movement against English – French occupiers, for the spread of this movement throughout the Caucasus and for the organization of Soviet power in those places. Military-Revolution Committee of Turkey taking control of all the duties in Anatolia by means of making use of the first opportunity, will build Socialist Turkey and run towards the aim of joining hands with neighbour Soviet Russia. (M. Suphi; Moscow, 28 October 1919)

Death
Suphi was killed by Sailor Yahya together with his communist comrades while traveling to Batumi in the Black Sea on 28 January 1921.

title: Mustafa Subhi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SVI Connect

SVI Connect was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

SVI Connect
Software Ventures International (SVI) (http://www.svi.com.ph), a world leader in systems solutions and Information Technology services, takes a step further to serve you better through its Call Center Services Company, SVI Connect. Ad. Thue | talk 10:48, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Pure advertising copy, no useful information. I've removed the external links which were inline in the format we normally reserve for wikilinks. Andrewa 11:55, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Advertising. Geogre 15:29, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ad, not notable - Wyss 18:20, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Advertising - rernst 16:06, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete.Advertisement. --MPerel 21:56, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Kele Okereke

Rowland Kelechukwu "Kele" Okereke (born 13 October 1981), also known mononymously as Kele, is an English singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the indie rock band Bloc Party. Additionally, he has released six studio albums as a solo artist.

Early life
Okereke was born in Liverpool on 13 October 1981, the son of Nigerian immigrant parents. He is of Igbo descent and was raised Catholic in Edinburgh and London. From 2001 to 2003, he studied English literature at King's College London.

Bloc Party

In 2005, Bloc Party released their first studio album, titled Silent Alarm. The album reached number three in the UK Albums Chart, and propelled the band to fame. Despite this, Okereke continued to study English literature at university. Until the release of Silent Alarm, he had kept his musical activities secret from his parents.

The band released their second album A Weekend in the City on 5 February 2007 in the UK and 6 February in the US. The album debuted at No. 12 on the Billboard 200 with 48,000 copies sold, and reached the No. 2 spot in the UK Albums Chart. For the album, Okereke chose more personal and political subjects for songs. A family friend, Christopher Alaneme, had been murdered in a racist attack, while London bartender David Morley was beaten to death in a possibly homophobic "happy slapping" incident. Okereke has claimed that these events, combined with the 7 July London bombings, "galvanised [his] mindset" and prompted him to make the lyrics "dark, bigger and quite abrasive".

It became available via the UK's iTunes Store a day ahead of schedule, on 4 February. The first single, "The Prayer", was released on 29 January, having been made available on Myspace on 22 November 2006. It reached No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart, still the group's highest placing. The next single, "I Still Remember," was the album's first in the US. The album was produced by Jacknife Lee.

In the build-up to the release of the album, Zane Lowe aired a live set from the BBC studios at Maida Vale featuring a mix of old songs and new ones on his evening radio show on BBC Radio 1 on 30 January 2007. The band also scheduled their first gig with the second album at Reading Hexagon to coincide with the UK release date. On 1 February 2007, A Weekend in the City was made available to listen to for free through the band's official Myspace website.

The third album released by the band Intimacy, was initially only made available for purchase on their website as a download on 21 August 2008. The record was released in compact disc form on 24 October 2008, with Wichita Recordings as the primary label. It peaked at number 8 on the UK Albums Chart and entered the Billboard 200 in the United States at number 18.

In October 2008, Okereke moved to Berlin to seize the city's music oriented spirit.

Okereke made a guest appearance on Tiësto's song "It's Not the Things You Say" on his album Kaleidoscope, released 6 October 2009 and also Martin Solveig's 'Ready 2 Go', after which Bloc Party went on hiatus.

In 2011, Kele reunited with Bloc Party to record the band's fourth album, Four, which was released in August 2012. Both the album and its lead single - Octopus, released a month before - peaked in their respective UK charts at number three.

In 2013, the band released an EP called The Nextwave Sessions and went on an indefinite hiatus.

Bloc Party reunited in 2015 with a new line-up. They released their fifth album Hymns on 29 January 2016.

Solo career

Okereke released his first solo album, titled The Boxer, produced by XXXChange, on 21 June 2010, through Wichita / Polydor in the UK and Europe and Glassnote Records for the rest of the world. The album was released under the name Kele, dropping his surname. Okereke explained the album title, saying "as a boxer, you have to rely on nobody else but yourself to achieve what it is you want to achieve. Even though you take hits, you have to keep focus on your priorities and keep going. I thought that was an inspiring image." The first single from the album, "Tenderoni", was released on 14 June 2010.

On 13 September 2011, NME and Wichita Recordings announced that Kele would be releasing a follow-up to The Boxer; an EP titled The Hunter.

Kele released the single "Everything You Wanted". It was remixed by South African producers DJ Qness and DJ Mujava, who brought in a fusion of pop along with their traditional South African Kwaito music.

Kele features on Sub Focus' single "Turn It Around" from his second studio album Torus. The song was released on 22 September 2013.

On 23 July 2014, Kele announced his second solo album, entitled Trick, to be released on his own label Lilac Records via Kobalt Label Services on 13 October 2014.

Okereke released his third album Fatherland on 6 October 2017 under his full name (whereas his first two albums were released under the mononym 'Kele'). Two tracks, "Yemaya" and "Streets Been Talkin'", have been released from the album as of July 2017.

On 19 March 2018, the Bloc Party Facebook page put a picture up indicating they were doing a tour of six shows in Europe performing songs from their first album, Silent Alarm.

In January 2019, "Leave to Remain", a new musical written by Okereke and Matt Jones debuted in London. Announced in September 2018, the musical about an interracial gay couple was preceded by the single "Not the Drugs Talking" which showed a move back towards beats following the more acoustic Fatherland. Telling a love story through the Prism of Brexit, the new show is accompanied by a tie-in album of new songs. Speaking about the subject matter and his feelings on the UK in 2019, Okereke claimed that "It's not a time that I've been proud to be British. It's an ugly time. The opportunity to tell a story about people from different cultures coming together and finding love in the shadow of that is an important thing to stand up for."

In November 2019, saw the release of Kele's fourth album, 2042. The title is a reference to the year that census data predicts ethnic minorities will become the majority in the United States. Much of the album tackles political themes such as the Windrush scandal, Grenfell Tower fire and Colin Kaepernick's national anthem protest. Musically, Kele fuses funk with experimental electro, glitchy guitars and West African beats, according to NME. The album was released under the name Kele, again dropping his surname.

In May 2021, Okereke released his fifth studio album entitled The Waves Pt. 1. In March 2023, Okereke released his sixth studio album following on from The Waves entitled The Flames Pt. 2.

Personal life
In March 2010, Okereke came out as gay in a BUTT magazine article. He then gave an interview and appeared on the June 2010 cover of Attitude magazine. He had previously been reluctant to discuss his sexuality, though he had compared himself to bisexual musicians Brian Molko and David Bowie. He has also compared himself to Morrissey, whose sexuality remains speculated. Additionally, he has discussed the homoerotic story behind the Bloc Party song "I Still Remember" and its semi-autobiographical nature. In June 2010, he was named as the "Sexiest Out Gay Male Artist" by music website LP33 in its annual survey.

In 2010, Okereke launched his personal website at iamkele.com.

In a 2014, interview with NBHAP, Okereke told that he is "excited about the future". He said, "There is a lot going on, a lot of upheaval but with change comes the opportunity for rebirth, which is my favourite kind of experience."

Oasis feud
Okereke responded critically to comments made by Liam and Noel Gallagher of Oasis in early 2007. Liam called Bloc Party "a band off of University Challenge" while Noel dismissed them as "indie shit". Okereke replied, "I think Oasis are the most overrated and pernicious band of all time. They had a totally negative and dangerous impact upon the state of British music. They have made stupidity hip. They claim to be inspired by the Beatles but, and this saddens me, they have failed to grasp that the Beatles were about constant change and evolution. Oasis are repetitive Luddites." When Oasis cancelled their headlining set at the Rock en Seine festival in August 2009, which would lead to the band's demise, Okereke and the band's tour manager Peter Hill announced to the crowd that Oasis had cancelled their slot during Bloc Party's own set and sarcastically declared the breakup to be a shame. He then announced to the crowd, "So I guess by default, we are headlining." After bandmate Russell Lissack played a brief part of the Oasis song "Supersonic", Okereke mockingly dedicated the Bloc Party track "Mercury" to the Oasis fans "who really, really wanted to see those inbred twins".

Featured singles

 * "Believe" with The Chemical Brothers (2005)
 * "It's Not The Things You Say" with Tiësto (2009)
 * "Ready 2 Go" with Martin Solveig (2011)
 * "Step Up" with Hercules & Love Affair (2011)
 * "What Did I Do?" with Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor (2011)
 * "Turn It Around" with Sub Focus (2013)
 * "Let Go" with RAC (2013)
 * "Faith" with V V Brown (2014)
 * "The One" with Sable (2014)
 * "So They Say" with Claptone (2018)
 * "Won't Give Up" with Ejeca (2020)

Cultural influence
Online code school Bloc offers an optional API programming project called "Kele", named after Kele Okereke.

title: Kele Okereke


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gerovital

Gerovital was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep
 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Gerovital
Looks like an advertisement to me. Deadend. Orphan. Lots of hits on Google, mostly commercial, so possibly notable, but still POV. See:. I'll retract my vote if someone expands this into a proper NPOV wikified article, but in its current form this article does not belong here. --Woggly 10:48, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC) I promised to retract my vote if the article is improved to meet certain conditions, and I believe it now does. keep. (Food for thought - what do you think would have happened to this article had I listed it for Cleanup instead of Deletion?) --Woggly 09:27, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think you'd find any lack of agreement that the cleanup process doesn't work well, Woggly, but abusing the process is not the way to fix that. Simply listing it on cleanup doubtless would not have had the desired effect, but perhaps alerting interested editors would. Have you tried to form a "cleanup crew" at the Village Pump? A group of editors might be willing to work on the cases that you find on RC patrol or wherever you turned this up. Okay, you did create interest but by abusing the deletion process, which is already under stress. If you feel that the cleanup policy should be changed, so that articles that were very much in need of it would be passed from cleanup to deletion in time, you could propose a new policy.Dr Zen 02:23, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * For the record, I often do list articles on cleanup, when I list an article on VfD I do so because I firmly believe that the article in its current state should not be on Wikipedia. Flaws can be corrected in time, harmful flaws should not be suffered to exist on Wikipedia. I would rather have a redlink than an article which consists of nothing more than advertisement, or which obviously spreads mistakes and/or misinformation that could possibly cause harm. Had I just thought it was badly written or poor on content, I would probably have marked it for cleanup instead. That said, I sense that we have a different perception of VfD. I don't think I would ever use the term "abuse of VfD", except in extreme cases, such as a troll listing articles that are very obviously keepers. There are two kinds of articles that I think should be listed on VfD: articles that will clearly reach a consensus for deletion, but for some reason don't meet the criteria for speedy delete; and articles that are inherently problematic, and should be debated - which I hold to be the case with Gerovital. My ultimate goal is not to have every article I list here deleted, but that every article I list here should be either deleted, or significantly improved, or that it should create a debate that will lead to the clarification of Wikipedia policy. I don't feel this to be abuse of VfD. --Woggly 08:03, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Woggly, I want to be absolutely clear that I do not doubt that you acted in good faith. I am in no way suggesting that you were trolling. However, abuses can be committed with the best of motives. (And I used the word solely because you appeared to be suggesting that it had been a more effective means of cleaning it up than simply listing it on cleanup. I took your original listing to be entirely in good faith because from what I've seen you are an editor who acts entirely in good faith.) This article clearly should be kept. There is a consensus to do so and even you agree that it should be. If you think it has flaws there are methods to deal with them -- foremost among them to edit them out! Do you see how that would lead some to feel that perhaps this was not a valid candidate for deletion? Can you see that some might feel that the urge to have deleted what you personally feel is "harmful" is not necessarily something to be welcomed (although you should not read into that that I necessarily disagree with you). I urge you to consider the policy for deletion, which is quite clear that there are different solutions for different problems, and that VfD is for pages you very much feel should be deleted. RfC exists for the problems you have identified, so that even if you personally do not feel you can edit out the harmfulness, others might be willing. I understand what you are saying. I agree that it's useful to clarify policy. But I think you should have tried other means. I hope that our viewing this differently doesn't lead you to feel that I hold any animus against you. Quite the opposite. I thank you for explaining your position so cogently. I simply feel that this page should be reserved for hanging the guilty, rather than trying the innocent but ugly.Dr Zen 10:57, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Neutral; tending toward keep. The preparation is notable, but the current article does fall short, in most respects. Should be fixable, given interest. -- Cimon 11:03, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Procaine? Procaine is nutritional?  I thought it was a narcotic analgesic.  I'm going to vote on the article rather than the topic, here.  Delete unless cleaned up by the end of VfD. Geogre 15:27, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * delete. Another snake oil ad.  --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 16:57, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)  Everyking has convinced me.  This may be one snake-oil ad that we should document.  It has been around for decades, resisted the efforts of the US FDA to keep it out of the USA, outlived its creator by well over a decade, and has fooled the likes of Sylverster Stallone and Salvador Dali (not too difficult, I admit--but prominent names).  This should be documented under hoaxes or something similar.  --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 00:50, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Eastern european snake oil ad - Wyss 18:26, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'm assuming this is a commercial neologism. Google isn't a great deal of help with such products. But I preach caution: Our own POVs on the effectiveness of the product shouldn't influence this decision. The question for now is whether this article contains any useful content, and if not whether we can reasonably expect it to arrive fairly quickly. I think that's a closer call then the above indicates. Andrewa 18:46, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I agree with you, Andrewa, but we also have to watch out for advertising, even if it is the next tamoxifan. All I could do was see what it said, and it was very odd.  Unless there is some other "procaine," or I am very, very much mistaken, the article was talking about a drug well known for euphoria being used as a panacea.  Given that the duty of the article is to establish itself as verifiable and notable (and legal), I voted on presumption and what internal evidence suggested.  I did find a link heavily pushing Gerovital as the cure for death (www.gh3.co.uk), but see also procaine on Wikipedia or this. Geogre 21:17, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, it's a kind of medicine; why shouldn't we have articles on different kinds of medicine? That's the kind of thing people would want to know, that could be very important to them. Everyking 20:26, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * We also have to avoid advertising and being hijacked by spammers and quacks who invent a new, impossible medicine, and hope to perpetuate their claims through our page rank boosting. This stuff is claiming to cure aging. Geogre 21:18, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * All the more reason we ought to have a fair NPOV article on the stuff, don't you think? So people will have a proper source to rely on? Everyking 21:34, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * And it isn't new. Apparently it's been around for a good 50 years or so. Everyking 21:52, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertisement. Gamaliel 21:21, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep based on Dpbsmith's research. Gamaliel 02:37, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I smell a hoax.  FWIW, procaine, unless there's some 'nother "procaine," is a dental anaesthetic, not a narcotic; it's the same stuff as novocaine.  It does not produce euphoria, and is usually not taken as a pill. -- Smerdis of Tlön 21:38, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, it does produce euphoria when taken in excess. It has been used as a street drug, and one link I found was, in fact, on procaine vs. cocaine in addictive abuse.  (Lidocaine can also give euphoria.  Alas, I know this by experience as prescribed migraine cure.)  Geogre 05:42, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Just read Woggly's ext. link at the top. The stuff is obviously quite notable. Yes, maybe a hoax, but what difference does that make? Everyking 21:44, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * What????? [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 23:56, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * A notable medicine that works is just as good as a notable hoax, as far as inclusion goes... Everyking 00:06, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment It might be semi-notable as quack medicine. There are no recent New York Times articles, but:
 * the obituary of Ana Aslan, Rumanian Specialist On the Aging Process, Dies in 90's By GLENN FOWLER New York Times (1857-Current file); May 29, 1988; pg. 28: "[In Rumania] in 1994 the government-sponsored Parhon Institute of Geriatrics was established in Bucharest, and Dr. Alsan soon became it dominant figure. The institute developed in to a magnet for wealthy and prominent people... Among the famous people who took her treatments were—or were widely reported to have done so—were Gen. Charles de Gaulle, Nikita S. Khrushchev, Indira Gandhi, Marshal Tito, and Chancellor Konrad Adenauer of West Germany, as well as the actresses Lillian Gish and Marlene Dietrich. The vast majority of scientists outside Rumania dismissed Gerovital as another false fountain of youth. The medical establishment in Britain and the United States, including the National Institutes of Health and the American Medical Assocation, found it had no merit, and the Food and Drug Association refused to sanction it." I think what we have here is a formerly notable quack medicine whose reputation mostly did not survive that of its promoter, but which still being manufactured and sold. More if I find more. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:03, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC) Nope, it's not a former quack medicine, more's the pity. I've seen a slew of 1980s references to the FDA's not allowing it in interstate commerce and cracking down on people trying to sell it, but can't figure out whether that's still true or whether the "nutritional supplements" loophole opened the floodgates. Any further notes I make will go in Talk:Gerovital. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:03, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 00:08, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * How could anyone vote to delete this? Read:
 * "For decades, thousands of people looking for "the fountain of youth" flocked to the spa-like clinic of Dr. Ana Aslan in Bucharest, Romania. They came to the spa not only to rest and relax but to get their supply of Gerovital H3 (GH3), a drug popularized by Aslan in the 1950s.

 * Although Aslan is no longer with us, her legacy remains. Gerovital is still the main attraction of several spas in Romania and the promises are plenty. ...

 * These claims have been swallowed by the rich and the famous. Among Aslan’s many clients were John F. Kennedy, Marlene Dietrich, Kirk Douglas, and Salvador Dali. Sylvester Stallone also reportedly takes GH3 shots to remain sexy."

 * Everyking 00:39, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Everyking is right. Incorrectly listed here instead of cleanup. Keep.Dr Zen 02:15, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable snake oil. Mikkalai 06:18, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep it. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 08:48, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable and gives a reasonable NPOV assessment of the claims. We also serve to debunk. [[User:GeorgeStepanek|GeorgeStepanek\talk ]] 01:05, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep but do rigorous cleanup. Some serious research has been done on this drug (which is not a supplement) but mainly in the 1980s and with little evidence that it actually works. The article will have to mention the double-blind trials that have been performed, such as, and subsequent failures to sustain proof of its efficacy. JFW | T@lk  09:53, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable. Wikipedia mustn't stoop to only including things that are ethical. With the number of google hits, it seems like that a NPOV reference would be valuable. [[User:Rhymeless|Rhymeless | (Methyl Remiss)]] 20:51, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, folks, I've been cleaning (more like "writing from scratch") and NPOV-ing but could sure use some help. I'd particularly like help pinning down these points: 1) I'm 90% sure that it is still basically an illegal drug in the U.S., i.e. the FDA considers it to be illegal in interstate commerce, but not 100%. I'm unclear on how the Web-based suppliers operate; do they actually have a loophole or does the FDA just not care because it's a relatively minor enforcement problem? FDA has confirmed, it's illegal and under an import ban. 2) How does the 1994 DSHEA and other laws distinguish between a nutritional supplement versus a drug? As JFW |  T@lk  indicates, I'm sure the websites that call it a "vitamin" and a "supplement" are blowing smoke, but can this be stated in an NPOV way? 3) Safety. It appears to this layperson that the stuff in the dosages used is probably not very dangerous; it looks as if the dosages are way lower than when used as a local anesthetic; but it does not sound as if it utterly innocuous, either. Again, JFW |  T@lk  told me that it can cause arrhythmias, and I've read elsewhere that procaine is a common adulterant in illegal drugs and is considered to be a factor in overdose deaths, possibly including that of Kurt Cobain. That latter remark is not for the article, of course, as it's speculative. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 11:09, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and give this article opportunity for organic growth. Its obviously going somewhere. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:30, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Gordon Moakes

Gordon Peter Moakes (born 22 June 1976) is an English musician, best known as the bassist of rock band Young Legionnaire and former member of indie rock band Bloc Party.

Bloc Party
Moakes became a member of Bloc Party after responding to an advertisement placed in the NME music magazine by Kele Okereke and Russell Lissack, who were seeking a bassist. Although not originally a bassist, Moakes was the only player the band auditioned who was able to play the bassline for a song that Okereke and Lissack had presented. In 2002, Moakes, Lissack, and Okereke formed the first incarnation of Bloc Party – then known as The Angel Range – and played shows across London. Moakes also ran and updated the band's website at the time.

Moakes shared co-writing credits with Okereke on some of the band's earlier lyrics. In the early days of the band, he contributed lyrics mostly to the band's more political songs, and he composed the song "Diet". Moakes added new instruments to his repertoire on Bloc Party's second and third albums, A Weekend in the City and Intimacy respectively. He played drums on "Sunday", electronic drums on "Ares", glockenspiel on "Waiting for the 7.18" and "SRXT" and a microKORG synthesizer on "Flux". His voice can be heard in many of the band's songs, often in contrast with Okereke's lead vocals.

Moakes remixed the band's song "Talons" from their album Intimacy. It was featured as a part of the single download as well as appearing as the B-side to its vinyl release.

In 2015, confirmed that he had left the band to focus on Young Legionnaire. He was replaced by Justin Harris later in the year. Moakes resided in Austin, Texas for several years but currently resides in London, England with his wife and children.

Other works
Moakes worked with yourcodenameis:milo on the track "Wait a Minute" from the album Print Is Dead Vol 1. "Wait a Minute" was released on a limited edition 7" single on 4 October 2006. Moakes designed the cover art.

In December 2009, Moakes, Paul Mullen (vocalist and guitarist of The Automatic) and William Bowerman (drummer of La Roux) worked in the studio together on a new side project, with Bloc Party on hiatus and both The Automatic and La Roux inactive over the Christmas break. In January 2010, the group were revealed to be named Young Legionnaire and were set to play their first show at the end of January in London.

title: Gordon Moakes


text:
Talk:Jacques Toubon

Untitled
There was a whole lot of inaccuracies concerning the Toubon law, probably copied from incompetent journalistic commentary, while the text of the law is available on the Web! David.Monniaux 10:50, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Mr Allgood
I recall that this phrase was actually coined by Toubon's publicist at the ministry, in a quip to an English-speaking journalist. --Duncan 08:50, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

The Toubon Law is not controversial in France
I think that should be clarified. Foreign citizens/companies may not agree with it but I've never heard French people being against it. The translation of ads is not that big a deal anyway, providing French language documentation when selling stuff is much more important, and when most stuff nowadays comes from Asia, it's a given anyway. I'm sure native English speakers wouldn't buy things with only Chinese/Japanese documentation. Aesma (talk) 10:14, 21 March 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jacques Toubon


text:
Fatih Terim

Fatih Terim (born 4 September 1953) is a Turkish professional football manager and former player. He was most recently the manager of Greek Super League club Panathinaikos.

During his football career, he played for Ceyhanspor, Adana Demirspor and Galatasaray. In his eleven years of playing time for Galatasaray, he won the Prime Minister's Cup in 1975 and in 1979, the Turkish Cup in 1975-1976, 1981-1982 and 1984-1985 seasons and the Turkish Super Cup in 1982 with the club. Terim has managed several clubs in Italy (Milan and Fiorentina) and Turkey, as well as the Turkey national team, most recently from 2013 to 2017.

In a survey conducted by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) in 80 countries, he was placed among the best eight managers in the world, receiving his award at a ceremony held in Rothenburg, Germany, on 8 January 2001. On 25 April 2007, Terim received the order of "Commendatore" awarded by the Italian state. In 2008, he received a nomination for UEFA manager of the year and Eurosport named him the best coach at UEFA Euro 2008. In December 2008, he was ranked the seventh-best football manager in the world by World Soccer magazine in 2008. His Turkish nickname is "İmparator", and his Italian nickname is "Imperatore". Both names mean "emperor".

Terim, whose father is of Turkish Cypriot origin, is married to Fulya Aksu Terim. He has two daughters, Merve Terim Çetin and Buse Terim Bahçekapılı.

Club career
In 1969, Terim began his professional football career with Adana Demirspor. Because of his financial difficulties, he was the only player in the team who was being paid secretly by the club at the time. He became the team captain three years later. He attracted attention with the game he displayed in Adana Demirspor, who became the champions of the 2nd League in the 1972-73 season. Terim played for Adana Demirspor until 1974, when he joined Galatasaray as a sweeper on 8 July 1974. He beat police inspector and Galatasaray Council Board member Gündüz Aktuğ who opposed his transfer. An arrest warrant was issued against Terim, who beat Aktuğ until he fainted. Aktuğ claimed that around ten thousand liras of his money and his ring were stolen by Terim. Although Aktuğ filed a lawsuit against Terim, with the insistence of the club executives, Aktuğ withdrew the lawsuit. In 1980, he was arrested for fighting with police officers at the end of a match, but his sentence was later commuted to a fine. In 1981, he was arrested for raiding a casino for Turkish film actress Müjde Ar, but he was saved with the efforts of Galatasaray's club management and the police. As the team captain, he had to fill in for injured defenders and eventually he ended up playing regularly as a sweeper/defender. Terim played eleven years for the Istanbul club. During that time, the club never won the Turkish league championship trophy.

He played for the Turkey national team 51 times between 1974 and 1985 and was the national team captain for 35 international matches, setting the national record in both categories at that time. In 1985, he had a fight with referee Hamza Alan for showing a red card to his teammate in a match and Terim was also shown a red card. It is alleged that Terim refused to leave the field, provoked the tribunes and was removed from the field by police forces. He decided to quit football after receiving a five-match penalty.

Terim's jubilee was held at Ali Sami Yen Stadium. He showed up to his jubilee match, which was between Trabzonspor and Galatasaray, by landing on the pitch by helicopter while the game was being played.

During his time as a footballer, he drew attention with his undisciplined behaviour and was frequently fined. Abdullah Gegiç, a famous football coach with Partizan in the former Yugoslavia and Eskişehirspor in Turkey, knew Terim from his days as a central defender and described him as an intelligent defender with "Beckenbauer-like" qualities. Gegiç attributed Terim's successes as a coach to the unique understanding of the game that he developed while playing as a central defender.

Early years
After retiring from professional football, his first training appointment came from Jupp Derwall while they were both at Galatasaray. Terim's coaching career began when he was appointed the coach of Ankaragücü. He coached the club for 18 months before moving on to coach Göztepe in İzmir for a year. He had no significant success with either team. He was appointed as assistant to Turkey's national coach, Sepp Piontek, in 1990. He also coached the Turkey under-21 team. After serving as assistant coach for three years, he was appointed coach in 1993. Under his management, Turkey qualified for the final tournament of European Football Championship in 1996, for the first time in its history. Although they did not perform well in the tournament, losing all their matches and not scoring any goals, qualification was still considered a great achievement for Turkish football.

Galatasaray (first term)
After Euro 1996, Terim signed a contract with Galatasaray. The club had invested in strong (international) players such as Gica Hagi, Gica Popescu, Taffarel and Ilie as well as high-potential (academy) players such as Emre. Under his management Galatasaray won the Turkish league championship for four consecutive years and the UEFA Cup in 2000, making Terim the most successful Galatasaray manager in its history. His departure allowed Mircea Lucescu to clinch the UEFA Super Cup in 2000 for Galatasaray.

Fiorentina
Terim moved from Galatasaray to the Italian Serie A, signing a one-year contract with Fiorentina. His aggressive style of football and his tense relationship with club president and owner Vittorio Cecchi Gori made Terim popular among Fiorentina fans. With new boys Brazilian Leandro Amaral and Portugal's Nuno Gomes doing well up front, with a steadier defence and with Portuguese playmaker Rui Costa blossoming under Terim's constant praise and encouragement Fiorentina became a strong team in Italy. The league wins against Milan (4–0), Internazionale, Udinese and holding Juventus to a 3–3 draw came in a fortnight when the Florence club cruised into the final of the Coppa Italia eliminating Milan 4–2 on aggregate. Despite his poor start in the UEFA Cup (eliminated 5-3 on agg. by Tirol Innsbruck in the first round), Terim had managed to communicate something of himself to both his players and to the club's demanding fans. Even as Cecchi Gori was beginning to count the cost of sacking him, the fans made it clear that they were on the side of Terim.

However, later he announced that he would not renew his contract by the end of the season, because Cecchi Gori did not intend to make the investments that he requested. The team's performance declined significantly from then on because of his continuing clashes with Cecchi Gori led Terim to resign on 26 February 2001, before the season ended. Fiorentina director general Giancarlo Antognoni, one of the greatest players in the club's history, also resigned along with Terim's entire coaching staff, despite the fact that Cecchi Gori had begged him to stay.

The Romanian football legend Gheorghe Hagi praised his work in Florence: "In five months he built up a phenomenal side at Fiorentina. Name me another foreigner capable of that. He's extraordinary – he could coach any side." Prior his leave from Florence there were rumours that Terim would join Milan next season.

Milan
On 18 June 2001, Terim signed a two-year contract with Milan replacing the caretaker manager Cesare Maldini. He transformed Milan's system, employing a style very similar to the total football of Rinus Michels, playing a 4–3–1–2 formation with Rui Costa as a key player, whom he brought from his previous team, Fiorentina. Terim built a highly attacking side, but during this period Milan was also notorious for being vulnerable at the back, often conceding goals unexpectedly and drawing against "underdog" teams. On 5 November 2001, after the 0–1 defeat against Torino his contract was terminated after only five months of work and he was replaced by Carlo Ancelotti, despite the fact that Terim had received a vote of confidence from Milan vice-president Galliani following a 1-1 draw with bottom-placed Venezia in mid-October. However Paolo Maldini had admitted that the players must share the blame for Terim's sacking as manager: "Terim's failure was also our failure. Now the team must look at themselves as there are no more excuses. Maybe it was the players' fault because we couldn't put Terim's teachings into action". Another reaction was made by midfielder Brocchi about the pressure from the board of directors to Terim: "From the beginning there was a lot of external pressure on Terim as well as many dubious episodes that made one think there wasn't 100% faith in him".

Return to Galatasaray (second term)
In the summer of 2002, Terim returned to Galatasaray after Lucescu resigned at the end of the 2001-2002 season despite winning the league. Terim brought back Ümit Davala and Hakan Ünsal from the UEFA Cup winning squad and transferred Felipe to the number 10 position. On 11 August 2002, Terim's second Galatasaray campaign started successfully with a 4-1 victory over Samsunspor in the first week of the Süper Lig. After going undefeated for the first 10 weeks, the team suffered a historic 6-0 defeat to arch-rival Fenerbahçe on 6 November 2002. In the same period, the team was also eliminated in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League after a disappointing performance. Although Galatasaray improved its performance under Terim later on, and had a winning streak in the league, it lost to Beşiktaş on 25 May 2003 with a last minute goal scored by Sergen Yalçın and lost the championship to Beşiktaş, coached by Lucescu.

In the 2003-04 season, while strengthening his squad with Hakan Şükür, he mainly transferred Romanian players to the team. Galatasaray managed to qualify for the Champions League groups again after passing the preliminary qualifiers. However, towards the end of the year, things started to go badly for the team. First, the team was eliminated in the Turkish Cup, losing 5-0 to Çaykur Rizespor. Then, Villarreal eliminated Galatasaray in the UEFA Cup third qualifying round by defeating them 3-0. Galatasaray dropped out of the championship race with consecutive point losses in the league and Fatih Terim resigned in March 2004, following a 2-1 loss at home to Çaykur Rizespor. Terim would later go on to state that he would never manage Galatasaray again. Clubs such as Inter Milan and Roma tried to lure him back to Serie A, but he did not depart.

Turkey (second term)
In the summer of 2005, Terim became the manager of the Turkey national team for a second time, taking charge of their last three qualifying matches (held in September and October 2005) – against Denmark, Ukraine and Albania – in UEFA qualifying Group 2 of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Turkey finished second in the group and thus advanced to the two-leg play-off against Switzerland, who won the first leg 2–0 in Bern. Turkey won the second leg 4–2 in Istanbul, but Switzerland advanced to the 2006 World Cup finals on the away goals rule.

Turkey started Euro 2008 by losing to Portugal. Against Switzerland, they were trailing at half-time but snatched a win two minutes into stoppage time. In the final group match, against the Czech Republic, Turkey reversed a two-goal deficit by scoring three goals in the final 15 minutes. Their evenly matched quarter-final clash with Croatia went to a penalty shootout, which Turkey won. Turkey lost to Germany in the semi-finals. During their estimated 490 minutes of playing time in this tournament, Turkey only led for 13 minutes.

After the successful Euro 2008 campaign, Terim was recommended by former Newcastle United manager Bobby Robson for the Newcastle position, but he was not appointed. Terim's contract was extended to 2012 at the conclusion of the tournament, despite heavy speculation that he might return to Italy or go to England to manage at club level.

In 2010 World Cup UEFA qualifying, Group 5, as of April 2009, Turkey had won two matches, drawn two and lost two, leaving them four points behind second-placed Bosnia and Herzegovina. This performance saw Turkey move up to tenth position in the FIFA World Rankings. On 11 October 2009, seeing that his country could no longer finish in the top two of Group 5, Terim announced his resignation. Turkey finished Group 5 in third position.

Third term at Galatasaray
Galatasaray failed to qualify for European football in the 2010–11 season. After internal conflict among board members, and the poor performance of the team during the 2010–11 Süper Lig season, Galatasaray appointed a new chairman, Ünal Aysal. Aysal's first act was to appoint Terim, his first and only choice, as manager – his third time to manage Galatasaray.

Galatasaray finished the 2011–12 Süper Lig season with 77 points, nine points ahead of rivals Fenerbahçe. The top four teams in the regular season – Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, Trabzonspor and Beşiktaş – entered the Championship Group of the European play-offs. A new round-robin play-off format was introduced this season for the first time in the Süper Lig. In the last round of the play-offs, Galatasaray won its 18th title with a scoreless draw against Fenerbahçe at the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium. It was one of Galatasaray's best seasons, marked by the good performances of young players such as Semih Kaya and Emre Çolak.

In the third week of the 2012–13 Süper Lig season, Terim earned his 200th win as a Galatasaray coach against Bursaspor. In addition, Terim was invited to the UEFA Elite Managers Forum for a second time in 2012. (The first time was in 2002.) Galatasaray made a poor start to the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League season, losing the first two group matches in Group H, but they won three of their last four group matches to advance to the Round of 16. Galatasaray player Burak Yılmaz finished the group stages of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League as top scorer, with 6 goals in 501 minutes, ahead of Cristiano Ronaldo, who scored the same number of goals in 540 minutes. During the winter transfer window Terim's Galatasaray transferred both Wesley Sneijder and Didier Drogba to strengthen the team towards the knockout phase of the Champions League. In the round of 16, Galatasaray eliminated Schalke 04 4–3 on aggregate. In the quarter-finals, they played Real Madrid – their first official match since the 2000–01 UEFA Champions League. Galatasaray lost 3–0 at Santiago Bernabéu, but won the second clash 3–2 in Ali Sami Yen with a beautiful heel goal by Didier Drogba but eliminated from the European competition by losing on aggregate. On 5 May 2013, Galatasaray secured its 19th title in the Süper Lig two weeks before the end of the season.

On 24 September 2013, Terim was relieved of his club duties after overseeing one win and three draws in four league matches in the 2013–14 Süper Lig season, plus a 6–1 home defeat in the 2013–14 Champions League group stage opening match against Real Madrid. The club's decision to sack Terim was taken after Terim and the board members had held a two-hour meeting at the Türk Telekom Arena in the afternoon of 24 September, followed by a unanimous vote by the board. The club stated Terim had rejected an offer of a two-year extension on his current contract, which had been due to expire in June 2014. Terim was directing a training session at the club's facilities when the board's decision was publicised later that day. As the news filtered out, dozens of supporters reportedly assembled in front of the training facilities to protest the decision, calling on the board to resign.

Turkey (third term)
On 22 August 2013, Terim was appointed interim manager of Turkey, replacing Abdullah Avcı, ahead of four critical 2014 World Cup UEFA Group D qualifying matches. Turkey won their next three qualifying matches (against Andorra, Romania and Estonia), but lost their last qualifying match against the Netherlands 2–0 in Istanbul. Turkey finished Group D in fourth position and therefore did not qualify for the 2014 World Cup finals.

After parting ways with Galatasaray, Terim decided to continue with the national team and took charge of Turkey in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifiers, in which the number of participating teams was increased. Turkey, who started the group matches very badly, had a chance to quality out of its group again by defeating the Netherlands 3-0 at home on 6 September 2015. On 10 October 2015, Turkey beat the Czech Republic 2-0 away from home and three days later, in the match against Iceland, Turkey won the match 1-0 with a free kick goal scored by Selçuk İnan in the 89th minute and finished third in the group.

Fourth term at Galatasaray
On 22 December 2017, Terim was announced as manager of Galatasaray, replacing Igor Tudor, on a contract that would have see him at the helm until the end of the 2018–19 season.

In the 2017-18 season, he became a seventh-time Turkish Süper Lig winner with Galatasaray. On 19 May 2019, Galatasaray became the champion of 2018–19 Süper Lig season in week 33, one week beforehand the end of the season. Terim won his eighth title in total and second consecutive Süper Lig trophy with Galatasaray. On 25 May 2019, during the cup ceremony at Ali Sami Yen, Galatasaray president Mustafa Cengiz announced that the club agreed on a 2+3 years new deal with Terim. He signed the new contract in front of 52,500 spectators. On 8 July 2019, Terim celebrated his 45th anniversary with Galatasaray. Galatasaray finished the 2020-21 season in second place, on goal difference and therefore did not become the champion for two consecutive seasons.

On 19 July 2021, the recently elected Galatasaray president Burak Elmas announced that they have signed a 3-year contract extension with Terim. This season was one of the toughest seasons for him at the club. Players such as Falcao and Donk had left the club and Terim had decided to invest in young potential players such as Cicâldău, Boey, Nelsson and Moruțan. However, early elimination from the Champions League (qualifying round) as well as many consecutive losses in Süper Lig (ended tenth by mid-season, 19 points behind the leader) caused lots of criticism of the coach by the fans and media. Galatasaray had ended the UEFA Europa League group stage on top position and Terim achieved the one and only positive result so far this season by qualifying to the round of 16 directly. However, after elimination against TFF First League side Denizlispor in the cup and a new defeat against Giresunspor at beginning of the second half of the season, many fans started calling the coach to resignation.

On 10 January 2022, he was relieved from his contract after the poor results and replaced by Spanish coach Domènec Torrent. On 13 January 2022, Terim shared a photo of his signature regarding the contract termination by the club via his personal social media account, mentioning that it was his last signature at Galatasaray.

Panathinaikos
On 26 December 2023, Terim signed a one and a half year contract with Greek club Panathinaikos, replacing Ivan Jovanović. On 17 May 2024, Terim was relieved from his contract.

Personal life
He was born in Adana, Turkey, to Nuriye and Talat Terim. Talat, his father, is a Turkish Cypriot who emigrated to Turkey. He is married to Fulya Terim. They have two daughters, Merve and Buse.

Player

 * Source:

International

 * Source:

International goals

 * Source:

Player
Galatasaray

 * Turkish Cup: 1975–76, 1981–82, 1984–85
 * Turkish Super Cup: 1982

Manager
Turkey

 * UEFA European Championship semi-finals: 2008

Galatasaray

 * UEFA Cup: 1999–2000
 * Süper Lig: 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2017–18, 2018–19
 * Turkish Cup: 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2018–19
 * Turkish Super Cup: 1996, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2019

Decorations

 * 2007 Italy Commendatore OSSI medal BAR.svg Ordine della Stella della Solidarietà Italiana (Commander of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity) by the Italian state at a reception hosted by the Italian embassy in Ankara.

title: Fatih Terim


text:
İsmail Bilen

İsmail Bilen (October 18, 1902 in Çinçiva village, Vija, Ottoman Empire – November 18, 1983 in East Berlin, GDR) was a Turkish politician. He was elected as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkey in 1974.

title: İsmail Bilen


text:
User talk:Quatermass

Quatermass, thanks for uploading the fish images. We need to clarify their legal status, though; some have no information and some seem not to be free. Please see Wikipedia:Possibly_unfree_images and help us sort out their status. Thanks. —Tkinias 10:54, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Alteration
Ok, I've now modified my copyright notice on this page. Hope this is ok.

 * Hey there! Thanks for helping on this. What is the status of Image:Glass fish.jpg?  It still lacks a copyright tag; do we need to delete it? —Tkinias 20:45, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Yes I think we should delete it for now as I can't be 100% on its copyright position. I believe I know who the author is and will ask them for permission. It's rare to find a picture of an un-dyed fish of this species so I'll persevere. Alternatively if my own dyed fish survive, I'll have some un-dyed ones in 6 months time! --Quatermass 09:49, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

African dwarf frog
I was concerned to read in African dwarf frog that they should be fed bloodworms only once a week in captivity, as that's what I've been feeding my frogs exclusively. Could you point me to some more information on this? Thanks very much! Rosemary Amey 05:32, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

See The Aquarium Wiki Encyclopaedia - DAF :-)

There is also the Yahoo Group - DwarfAfricanFrogs. --Quatermass (talk) 18:50, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Triops longicaudatus (talk)
Hello Quatermass,

I noticed the comment you left on the talk page for Triops longicaudatus. I see that you run the website MyTriops.com, so I believe your comment on the fossil record. Now that you mention it, there might be some other unverified facts/claims in the sources I used. Do you know any reliable sources I could use to improve the article? Thanks.

By the way, your Triops website is great, and was a lot of help to me when I raised my tadpole shrimps.--Crustaceanguy (talk) 00:48, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

Not really. Most of the accurate reports are expensive scientific journals that I can't justify buying just for a wee peek and a few professors who have contacted me privately and have answered a few questions.

I suppose I could contact a museum in my own country to see if anyone knows more on the prehistoric history of Triops longicaudatus. Triops cancriformis is well documented though if you look around.

--Quatermass (talk) 18:48, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Record for Triops life span
Hello again, Quatermass. Do you know what the record for Triops longicaudatus longevity is? I read on one website that it is 100 days, but I can't remember which site it was. And my tadpole shrimp, Demeter, is 105 days old today (she hatched out February 22). --Crustaceanguy (talk) 12:46, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Don't leave comments here please, I rarely visit this page. Email via mytriops web site.

--Quatermass (talk) 20:43, 6 June 2008 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being 'minor'. The only thing that's changed is that you will no longer have them marked as minor by default.

For established users such as yourself there is a workaround available involving custom JavaScript. If you are familiar with the contents of WP:MINOR, and believe that it is still beneficial to the encyclopedia to have all your edits marked as such by default, then this discussion will give you the details you need to continue with this functionality indefinitely. If you have any problems, feel free to drop me a note.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 19:57, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Kodi
Hi Quatermass. Kodi had been hijacked for some upcoming Tamil film, have a look at the restored DAB and the restored redirect from Kodi (disambiguation). I think a case could be made that Kodi (software) is the primary topic. If the community agrees, it should be moved to Kodi with a hatnote pointing to Kodi (disambiguation) that should hold what we now have in Kodi (per MOS:DABPRIMARY). -- Sam Sailor Talk! 09:56, 8 December 2015 (UTC)

Merger discussion for Guanín
An article that you have been involved in editing—Guanín —has been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Anomalocaris (talk) 19:26, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

Armstrong & Miller
Hey, I'm very sure you don't own all four seasons on DVD because they've never been released on DVD (apart from the last one). You've likely got confused with the second show they did for the BBC. Johnny "ThunderPeel2001" Walker (talk) 00:13, 14 May 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Quatermass


text:
User talk:Bavel~enwiki

Please do not place copyright material from web sites into Wikipedia.

Charles Matthews 10:57, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia
Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bavel. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bavel~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:26, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:55, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bavel~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ravana a theory

Ravana a theory was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Ravana a theory
What does this fall under? "No potential to become encyclopedic"? "Completely idiosyncratic non-topic"? "Patent nonsense"? I don't know. But I assume that an empty page, emptied by the submitter, created by copying text from a talk page, with no links to it should fall under at least one of those categories. - Andre Engels 10:58, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Any page (such as this) that is the product of only one editor and which is subsequently blanked by the same editor should probably be a speedy on those grounds alone. Andrewa 12:00, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete: Author blanked. Geogre 15:28, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --Regebro 16:26, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Obviously an aborted article - Wyss 18:23, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Removed from the VFD listing. From the deletion log: 18:22, 5 Dec 2004 Jpgordon deleted Ravana a theory (blanked by author) --Ben Brockert 23:35, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Vetkasi

Veterinary Sciences

Anaesthesia

Anatomy And Physiology

Statistics And Biometry

Biochemistry

Dermatology

Epidemiology

Public Health

Entomology and Parasitology

Microbiology

VIrology

Toxicology

Animal Biotechnology

Invertebrate Zoology

Animal Health

Animal Production

Animal Diseases And Conditions

Clinical Pharmacology

Surgery

Medicine

Conservation Biology

Diagnostic Imaging

title: User:Vetkasi


text:
Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany

Charlotte Stuart, styled Duchess of Albany (29 October 1753 – 17 November 1789) was the illegitimate daughter of the Jacobite pretender Prince Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie" or the "Young Pretender") and his only child to survive infancy.

Her mother was Clementina Walkinshaw, who was mistress to the Prince from 1752 until 1760. After years of abuse, Clementina left him, taking Charlotte with her. Charlotte spent most of her life in French convents, estranged from a father who refused to make any provision for her. Unable to marry, she herself became a mistress with illegitimate children, taking Ferdinand de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux, as her lover.

She was finally reconciled with her father in 1784, when he legitimised her and created her Duchess of Albany in the Jacobite peerage. She left her children with her mother, and became her father's carer and companion in the last years of his life, before dying less than two years after him. Her three children were raised in anonymity; however, as Prince Charles Stuart's only grandchildren, they have been the subject of Jacobite interest since their lineage was uncovered in the 20th century.

Royal parentage
Charlotte Stuart was born on 29 October 1753 at Liège to Charles and his mistress, Clementina Walkinshaw. Charles and Clementina had met during the Jacobite rising of 1745, when he came to Scotland from France in an attempt to regain by force the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland, which had been lost by his grandfather, James II and VII in 1689. Clementina was the youngest of the ten daughters of John Walkinshaw of Barrowhill. The Walkinshaws owned the lands of Barrowfield and Camlachie, and her father had become a wealthy Glasgow merchant (founding the textile village of Calton). However, he was also an Episcopalian Protestant and a Jacobite who had fought for the Prince's father in the rising of 1715, been captured at the Battle of Sheriffmuir, before escaping from Stirling Castle and fleeing to continental Europe. In 1717, he had been pardoned by the British government and returned to Glasgow, where his youngest daughter was born probably at Camlachie. However, Clementina was largely educated on the Continent and later converted to Roman Catholicism. In 1746, she was living at the home of her uncle Sir Hugh Paterson at Bannockburn, near Stirling. The Prince came to Sir Hugh's home in early January 1746, where he first met Clementina, and he returned later that month to be nursed by her from what appears to have been a cold. Since she was living under her uncle's protection, it is not thought the two were lovers at the time.

After the defeat of the Prince's rebellion at the Battle of Culloden in April 1746, Charles fled Scotland for France. In the following years, he had a scandalous affair with his 22-year-old first cousin Louise de Montbazon, who was married to his close friend and whom he deserted when she became pregnant, and then with the Princess of Talmont, who was in her forties. In 1752, he heard that Clementina was at Dunkirk and in some financial difficulties and so he sent 50 louis d'or to help her and then dispatched Sir Henry Goring to entreat her to come to Ghent and to live with him as his mistress. Goring, who described Clementina as a "bad woman", complained of being used as "no better than a pimp" and soon left Charles's employ. However, by November 1752, Clementina was living with Charles and would remain as his mistress for the following eight years. The couple moved to Liège where Charlotte, their only child, was born on 29 October 1753 and baptised into the Roman Catholic faith at the church of Notre Dame-des-Fonts in Liège.

Separation from father (1760–1783)
The relationship between the prince and Charlotte's mother was disastrous. Charles was already a disillusioned, angry alcoholic when they began living together, and he became violent towards and insanely possessive of Clementina, treating her as a "submissive whipping post". Often away from home on "jaunts", he seldom referred to his daughter, and when he did, it was as "ye cheild". During a temporary move to Paris, the Prince's lieutenants record ugly public arguments between the two and that his drunkenness and temper were damaging his reputation. By 1760, they were in Basel, and Clementina had had enough of Charles's intoxication and their nomadic lifestyle. She contacted his staunchly Roman Catholic father, James Stuart, and expressed a desire to secure a Catholic education for Charlotte, and to retire to a convent. James agreed to pay her an annuity of 10,000 livres and, in July 1760, there is evidence to suggest he aided her escape from the watchful Charles, with the seven-year-old Charlotte, to the convent of the Nuns of the Visitation in Paris. She left a letter for Charles expressing her devotion to him but complaining she had to flee in fear of her life. A furious Charles circulated descriptions of them both, but it was to no avail.

Appeals from France
For the next twelve years, Clementina and Charlotte continued to live in various French convents, supported by the 10,000-livre pension granted by James Stuart. Charles never forgave Clementina for depriving him of "ye cheild", and stubbornly refused to pay anything for their support. On 1 January 1766 James died, but Charles, now considering himself de jure Charles III of Scotland, England and Ireland, still refused to make any provision for the two, forcing Clementina, now styling herself Countess Alberstroff, to appeal to his brother Cardinal Henry Stuart for assistance. Henry gave them an allowance of 5,000 livres, but in return extracted a statement from Clementina that she had never been married to Charles—a statement she later tried to retract.

In 1772, the Prince, then aged fifty-one, married the nineteen-year-old Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, who was only a year older than Charlotte. Charlotte, now in penury, had consistently been writing to her father for some time, and she now desperately entreated him to legitimise her, provide support and bring her to Rome before an heir could be born. In April 1772, Charlotte wrote a touching, yet pleading, letter to "mon Auguste Papa" which was sent via Principal Gordon of the Scots College in Rome. Charles relented and offered to bring Charlotte to Rome—he was now resident in the Palazzo Muti, the residence of the Stuarts-in-exile—but only on condition she would leave her mother behind in France. This she loyally refused to do, and Charles, in fury, broke off all discussions.

Mistress of an Archbishop
Towards the end of 1772, Clementina and Charlotte unexpectedly arrived in Rome to press their desperate cause in person. However, the Prince reacted angrily, refusing even to see them, forcing their helpless return to France, from where Charlotte's pleading letters continued. Three years later, Charlotte, now in her twenty-second year was in poor health. She was apparently suffering from a liver ailment shared by the Stuarts and decided her only option was to marry as soon as possible. Charles, however, refused to give permission either for her to marry or to take the veil, and she was left awaiting his royal pleasure.

Lacking legitimacy or permission, Charlotte was unable to marry. Therefore she sought a protector and provider. Probably unbeknown to Charles, she became the mistress of Ferdinand Maximilien Mériadec de Rohan, Archbishop of Bordeaux and Cambrai. Ferdinand de Rohan—related by blood to the house of Stuart as well as Bourbon and Lorraine —was also unable to marry legitimately, having entered the Church as a younger son of a noble house. By him, she had three children: two daughters, Marie Victoire and Charlotte, and finally a son, Charles Edward. Her children were kept secret and remained largely unknown until the 20th century. When Charlotte eventually left France for Florence, she entrusted her children, and she was only just recovering from her son's birth, to the care of her mother, and it appears that few, and certainly not her father, knew of their existence.

Reconciliation with her father
Only after his childless marriage to Louise was over, and Charles had fallen seriously ill, did he take an interest in Charlotte. She was now thirty and she had not seen her father since she was seven. On 23 March 1783, he altered his will to make her his heir and, a week later, signed an act of legitimisation. This act, recognising her as his natural daughter and entitling her to succeed to his private estate, was sent to Louis XVI of France. Henry Stuart, however, contested the legitimisation as being irregular and confusing to the succession. Louis XVI eventually did confirm the act and register it with the Parlement of Paris, but not until 6 September 1787.

In July 1784, having granted his wife Louise a legal separation, Charles wrote to his daughter calling her "ma chère fille". In his letter, he summoned Charlotte to Florence, where he was now resident. She arrived in Florence on 5 October 1784. In November, he installed her in the Palazzo Guadagni as Duchess of Albany, styling her "Her Royal Highness". Nevertheless, being illegitimate at birth, Charlotte still had no right of succession to the Stuart claim to the British throne. However, by this stage, the claims were of little value. European rulers had long since ceased to take Charles seriously. Even Pope Pius VI was refusing to recognise his royal title, and the famous Casanova had wittily called him the "pretender-in-vain". He was reduced to styling himself the Count d'Albany.

That a Stuart restoration was now less than unlikely did not prevent the Prince presenting Charlotte as the next generation of the cause. On 30 November 1784, Charles held a 'State' banquet for Charlotte and invested her with the Order of the Thistle. He had medals struck for her, bearing the figure of Hope, the map of England, and the Stuart arms with legends such as "Spes Tamen Est Una" ("there is one hope"). He also had her idealised in art; the Scottish artist Gavin Hamilton was commissioned to draw her in chalk in the neo-classical style, whilst Hugh Douglas Hamilton painted a flattering portrait in a tiara.

Companion to her father
When Charlotte arrived to live with her father in 1784, he was an ailing alcoholic. She found his physical state disgusting, and he was suffering from mental degeneration and using a litter for travel. He did, however, introduce Charlotte into society, allowing her to wear his mother's famous Sobieska jewellery. She continually, and unsuccessfully, sought gifts of jewels or money from her close-fisted father; but this was probably largely out of a concern for the welfare of her mother and children. Within a month of arriving at Florence, she did manage to persuade her father to provide at last for Clementina. By this time, Charlotte was also in poor health, suffering from an ailment that would result in her death from "obstruction of the liver" just two years after her father. Indeed, shortly after she arrived in Florence, a protruding growth forced her to have clothes altered. The biographer Douglas reports that around this time, a visitor described her as:

a tall, robust woman of a very dark complexion and a coarse-grained skin, with more of a masculine boldness than feminine modesty or elegancy, but easy and unassuming in her manners, amply possessed of... volubility of tongue and... spirit of coquetry.

Charlotte sorely missed her mother (whom she vainly hoped Charles would allow to come to Rome) and her children, writing to her mother as many as 100 times in a single year; she also feared that Rohan would take another lover; all this is revealed in her dispirited letters home, as she awaited Charles's death. She was successful in helping to organise her father's social life, as well as in persuading him to reduce his drinking in his final years. When staying for a short visit in Pisa with her father, she made a separate visit to her uncle Henry Stuart who was at Perugia. There she was successful in arranging a reconciliation between Henry and Charles.

Final months
In December 1785, she enlisted the help of Henry Stuart to get Charles back to the Palazzo Muti in Rome. On arrival in Rome with her father, the Pope welcomed Charlotte as the "Duchess of Albany". In Rome, Charlotte remained her father's carer and companion, and did her best to make his life bearable until he died of a stroke two years later on 30 January 1788. Her sacrifice for him was considerable—she was torn between an evident affection for her father in Rome and her mother and three children left behind in Paris. On her father's death, the French court awarded her a pension of 20,000 livres. Charlotte inherited much of her father's property, including his Florentine residence, furniture and ornaments, although many of the Sobieski family jewels passed to Henry Stuart. She subsequently sold the Florentine palace and much of the possessions.

Charlotte would spend much of her final months in the company of Henry Stuart. She also became godmother to Countess Mary Norton, a member of her court. Charlotte also wrote to her mother about her worsening health, noting that she had a swelling and pain when breathing. She made several trips to improve her health at spa towns, including at Nocera in Umbria and at Bologna where she sought medical treatment. Charlotte was to survive her father by only twenty-two months and never saw her children again. On 9 October 1789, while staying in Bologna at the Palazzo Vizzani Sanguinetti, the home of her friend the Marchesa Giulia Lambertini-Bovio, a relative of Pope Benedict XIV, she died there at age 36 of liver cancer. In her will, written just three days before her death, Charlotte left her mother a sum of 50,000 livres and an annuity of a further 15,000. Her physical possessions, jewels and other personal property passed to Henry. However, it was two years before Henry Stuart, her executor, and now considered by Jacobites to be King Henry IX, would release the money. Indeed, he only agreed to do this when Clementina signed a "quittance" renouncing, on behalf of herself and her descendants, any further claim on the estate. Charlotte was buried in the Church of San Biagio, near where she died, as she had requested in her will. When the church was pulled down by the French in 1797, Charlotte's remains were believed to have been moved to the Oratorio della Santissima Trinità in 1801; however, this was not verified. When it closed in 1961, her monument, and possibly her remains, were also moved to the nearby Chiesa della Santissima Trinità but again it is not known for certain where her remains lie.

Legacy
For many years, Charlotte's three children remained unknown to history, and it was believed that the direct line of James II and Mary of Modena ended with the death of Henry in 1807. However, in the 1950s, research by the historians Alasdair and Hetty Tayler revealed the existence of two daughters and a son. The historian George Sherburn then discovered the letters from Charlotte to her mother from which he wrote his biography of Charles Edward.

Children
It appears that Clementina lived on in Fribourg, Switzerland, until her death in 1802 and that it was she who reared Charlotte's children in deliberate anonymity. Their identities were concealed by a variety of aliases and ruses and were not even being mentioned in Charlotte's detailed will, which makes reference only to Clementina and to Charlotte's desire that Clementina might be able to provide for "her necessitous relations". The reason that the children remained secret can be explained by the fact that the relationship between Archbishop Ferdinand de Rohan and Charlotte, who had been forbidden to marry, was highly illicit and would have been scandalous. Marie Victoire Adelaide (born 1779) and Charlotte Maximilienne Amélie (born 1780) were thought to have been placed in the care of Thomas Coutts, the London banker, and a distant relative of the Walkinshaws. They remained in anonymity and were believed to have been simply absorbed into English society.

Charlotte's son Charles Edward (born in Paris in 1784) followed a different path. Calling himself Count Roehenstart (Rohan+Stuart), he was educated by his father's family in Germany and became an officer in the Russian army and a general in the Austrian service. He travelled widely by visiting India, America, and the West Indies before he came to England and Scotland. He told such tall tales of his origins and adventures that few believed his claims to royal descent. Indeed, it was not until the 20th century that the historian George Sherburn established that he was indeed who he had claimed to be.He died in Scotland in 1854 as the result of a coach accident near Stirling Castle and was buried at Dunkeld Cathedral, where his grave can still be seen. He married twice but had no issue.

It was generally believed that Charlotte's daughters also died without issue, but Peter Pininski believed that Charlotte's daughter, Victoire Adelaide, had issue. Pininski's 2002 book suggested that Jules-Hercule, Prince de Guéméné and Duke of Montbazon, the elder brother of Ferdinand de Rohan (and aide-de-camp to Henry Stuart in 1745) recognised Charlotte's offspring as his own, which gave her status in that tight family, and he claimed that in 1793, at the outbreak of the French Revolution, Victoire Adelaide de Rohan went to relatives in Poland and there met and married Paul Anthony Louis Bertrand de Nikorowicz, a Polish nobleman and son of a banker. They had a son, Antime, who was the father of Charles and a daughter, Julia-Thérèse, who married Count Leonard Pininski and became Peter Pininski's great-great-grandmother. Pininski's evidence for his thesis has been described as "often indirect, if not elliptical". The Rohans were a large family, and it is easy to confuse its many members. A former chairman of the Royal Stuart Society, however, stated that Pininski's evidence seemed "genuine", and the peerage editor Hugh Massingberd described it as "painstakingly researched ... proof to surely the most sceptical pedant's satisfaction".

Pininski's hypothesis is challenged by the genealogist Marie-Louise Backhurst in three articles in 2013, 2021 and 2023. Backhurst provides evidence that Charlotte's second daughter, who was always called Victoire Adelaide, was married firstly at St Roch, Paris, in November 1804 to a military doctor, Pierre Joseph Marie de St Ursin, in the service of Napoleon. The marriage record has Victoire Adelaide Roehenstart, daughter of Maximilien and his wife, Clementine Ruthven, the same parental record as her brother Charles. By St Ursin, she was the mother of Theodore Marie de St Ursin, who was born in Paris on 29 June 1809 and was resident in Paris in 1832. He had entered the seminary of St Sulpice at Issy in 1828 and been ordained a deacon there that year, but died a deacon, aged 29, at Castres, Tarn, on 6 August 1838. In 1823, his mother had married again, to the naval officer Corbet James d'Auvergne, brother of the adopted son of the Duke of Bouillon, and she eventually died at Nice in March 1871. Backhurst has concluded that Madame Nikorowicz was actually Marie Victoire de Thorigny and more likely to have been the illegitimate daughter of Jules, Prince de Rohan, brother of Ferdinand and thus a first cousin to Victoire Adelaide and without the Stuart descent. Pininski had earlier argued that Backhurst's interpretation had been based on a destroyed document that was "reconstituted" seventy years later and that no document confirmed the birth of Marie Victoire's son.

In Jacobite folklore
Charlotte Stuart's story did not take long to enter into the Jacobite folklore. The Scots poet, Robert Burns (1759–1796), a near contemporary, wrote a number of works celebrating the tragic romanticism of the Jacobite cause. Amongst them was The Bonnie Lass of Albanie, a lament to Charlotte Stuart that was probably written at the time of her death. Indeed, evidence from an unpublished collection of letters from Burns to Robert Ainslie reveals the poet's fascination with Charlotte in that he considered naming one of his own illegitimate children, Charlotte, after her. Burns wrote: This lovely maid's of royal blood, That ruled Albion's kingdoms three; But Oh, Alas! for her bonnie face, They hae wrang'd the lass of Albany.

title: Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany