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Mountain State University

Mountain State University (MSU) was a private university in Beckley, West Virginia. It closed in 2013. It was formerly named Beckley College and then The College of West Virginia.

Its Beckley campus is now occupied by West Virginia University Institute of Technology. Its other campus in Martinsburg, West Virginia was sold to a private developer.

Early history
The university was founded in 1933 as Beckley College, a junior college, and continued as such until 1991, when it achieved four-year status and was renamed The College of West Virginia. In 2001, the school was renamed Mountain State University.

Later history
Mountain State University's former president since 1990, Dr. Charles H. Polk, was widely credited for much of the school's previous success. However, many blamed Polk along with his senior administration and MSU's Board of Trustees when the university began facing issues over its continued accreditation. Polk and MSU's Board of Trustees were named as defendants in over 300 lawsuits arising out of the loss of the university's accreditation. A settlement was reached under which MSU admitted no wrongdoing.

In 2009, Polk received over $1.8 million in compensation. According to The Chronicle of Higher Education, Polk was the sixth-highest-paid private-college president in the country that year. However, according to Dr. Jerry Ice, then-chairman of the Mountain State University Board of Trustees, Polk’s actual 2009 salary was $450,000, and included a one-time deferred retirement package that the board established in 2004 and was required to pay out in 2009. As a means of recouping the funds for MSU, the board also purchased a $2 million insurance policy on Polk that will be paid back to the institution upon his death.

On January 19, 2012, Dr. Jerry Ice, former Chairman of Mountain State University's Board of Trustees, announced the termination of Polk's employment as president of Mountain State University. Dr. Richard E. Sours was chosen to replace Polk as interim president until the university's closing.

Loss of accreditation
On June 28, 2012, the Higher Learning Commission, the regional accrediting authority for the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, withdrew the accreditation of Mountain State University, effective August 27, 2012. The date was subsequently extended until December 31, 2012 to allow the university to 'teach out' those students close to graduation.

On August 6, 2012, MSU's Board of Trustees formally appealed the withdrawal of MSU's accreditation with the Higher Learning Commission. On December 18, 2012, the Appeals Panel voted to sustain the Commission's action. MSU's regional accreditation terminated on December 31, 2012. All degrees conferred by MSU on or before this date are valid and are fully accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. MSU closed effective January 1, 2013. The Higher Learning Commission was heavily criticized for its closed door decision-making policies and lack of the availability of official minutes detailing its discussions and actions during this time.

In May 2014, the Mountain State University Board of Trustees filed a lawsuit against the Higher Learning Commission seeking to restore the university's accreditation. In 2017, the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia granted the Higher Learning Commission's Motion for Summary Judgment, effectively ending MSU's lawsuit in favor of the Higher Learning Commission.

On August 13, 2014, UC announced that a settlement had been reached between itself, MSU, and the plaintiffs in various lawsuits arising out of the loss of MSU's accreditation. MSU's insurance company established an $8.5 million fund to compensate affected students and MSU liquidated its remaining assets. The settlement was given preliminary court approval on October 6, 2014. Final court approval was given on March 9, 2015. MSU’s former Beckley campus was sold to West Virginia University. MSU ceased to exist as a legal entity on May 17, 2018.

UC is the permanent custodian of MSU's student records. Transcripts from Beckley College, The College of West Virginia and Mountain State University may be purchased through the National Student Clearinghouse.

Reuse of campuses
On August 1, 2012, the University of Charleston (UC) announced that they would assist MSU in the 'teach-out' process, and would admit any MSU student in good standing who chose to attend UC. UC also announced that it would establish new four-year campuses on the Beckley and Martinsburg sites, to be known as the University of Charleston-Beckley and University of Charleston-Martinsburg, respectively.

The University of Charleston established campuses on MSU's former Beckley and Martinsburg, West Virginia locations on January 1, 2013. UC later vacated the former Martinsburg campus (the property was sold to a third-party buyer), and established a new location in Martinsburg.

UC vacated the former Beckley campus after the 2014-15 academic year and established a new campus in Beckley. On December 31, 2014, West Virginia University announced that it would purchase MSU’s former Beckley campus for $8 million. On September 1, 2015, the WVU Board of Governors approved a plan to move the West Virginia University Institute of Technology from its then-current campus in Montgomery to the former MSU campus in Beckley.

Academics
The university offered more than 60 undergraduate, master's, and certificate programs, as well as a doctoral degree program. Most of the university's programs focused on the professions in business, technology, and health and human services. Many of MSU's degree programs were available online.

College preparatory school
From 2002 to 2010, Mountain State University operated a private, nonsectarian college preparatory school from grades K–12 known as the Academy at Mountain State University, or Mountain State Academy (MSA), in Beckley, West Virginia. The school was also occasionally referred to as MSU Academy.

Although founded in 2002, MSA classes first began during the 2003–2004 academic year with grades 8–10. During the 2004–2005 academic year, the academy eliminated its eighth grade class, but added an eleventh grade class to accommodate advancing sophomores. During the 2005–2006 academic year, the academy became a full-fledged high school, adding a twelfth grade to accommodate advancing juniors. The class of 2006 became the academy's first graduating class. Members of the class of 2007 were the first students to attend the academy for all four of their respective high school years. The school later added grades 6–8 and eventually grades K–6. The class of 2010 was the academy's last graduating class.

MSA students were permitted to take classes at MSU for both weighted academy and college credit free of charge (less the cost of MSU textbooks). Admission to the academy was based on a student's scholastic merit. The cost of attending the academy was originally approximately $8,000.00 per academic year, plus the cost of textbooks and meals at MSU. However, the academy later adopted a sliding scale for tuition based on a student's household income. All students with a 3.5 cumulative GPA or above were designated as honor graduates. The academy also hosted a chapter of The National Honor Society. MSA students were required to attend the academy for at least three years in order to be considered for the titles of valedictorian, salutatorian, or honorarian.

The academy was permanently closed in August 2010. Enrollment stood at approximately 100 students at the school's closing. The Academy's basketball team, which was nicknamed the Falcons, defeated nationally ranked Oak Hill Academy in 2010.

Athletics
The Mountain State athletic teams were called the Cougars. The university was a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (KIAC; now currently known as the River States Conference (RSC) since the 2016–17 school year) from 2007–08 to 2011–12 (all sports excluding men's basketball, which only competed as an NAIA Independent during that tenure until a few seasons after [2009–10]). The Cougars previously competed in the defunct West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (WVIAC) (then affiliated with the NAIA, later affiliated in the Division II ranks of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA)) from 1946–47 to 1976–77.

Mountain State competed in nine intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports included basketball, cross country, soccer and track & field; while women's sports included cheerleading, cross country, soccer, track & field and volleyball.

Men's basketball
Mountain State won the 2004 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament. Mountain State was the national runner-up in the 2003 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament. Additionally, the Cougars were the national runner-up in the 2008 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament and in the 2011 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament. MSU advanced to the final four in 2012.

Notable Alumni

 * Charles Sheedy - Member of the West Virginia House of Delegates

title: Mountain State University


text:
Category:UGC objects

List of Uppsala General Catalogue (UGC) objects.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:UGC objects


text: Category:Wisconsin culture

title: Category:Wisconsin culture


text: User talk:65.54.98.142

title: User talk:65.54.98.142


text:
Scotochromogenic

Scotochromogenic bacteria develop pigment in the dark. Runyon Group II nontuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium gordonae are examples but the term could apply to many other organisms.

title: Scotochromogenic


text: Category:Television stations in Wisconsin


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User talk:Mediterraneo

Thank you for visiting my page. Welcome!

Mediterraneo
I literally turned out the lights at Myerson & Kuhn and, if I remember correctly, we hung on until early 1990. Myerson then started/joined Myerson Cooper Stahl & Zelmanovitz, which shortly thereafter became Stahl & Zelmanovitz after Myerson was indicted, with many thanks to me! And I'd do it AGAIN! What a louse he was and probably still is -- he destroyed or at least disrupted hundreds of lives because of his respulsively huge ego (along with the rest of him).

I also had the honor of working with Mr. Kuhn who will always remain an outstanding gentleman to me.

Kathy

Incorporating new names into the Wiki
Hi Mediterraneo

I see you keep on writing about law firms. I do the same, and I want to share with you some trick learnt recently. We both create new articles, introducing new names (say John Smith) and notions. A good article should be incorporated into Wiki via a number of inbound and outbound links. We establish outbound links by ourselves and can see generated inbound links via "What links here" in the left table, if somebody else -ed John Smith before us. However, we can't check the whole Wiki for the name.

Here is the trick how to do so: Use google search -- "John Smith" site:en.wikipedia.org

You will see the list of both linked and unlinked uses of John Smith. If relevant and unlinked, you can convert these uses into inbound links. Try it, and you will see how many new inbound links you can create for your favorite articles. Sometimes, the subtle difference such as "&" or "and" can create a dead link.

Sorry, if this is info you already know. My aim is to write articles that are well-incorporated into the whole body of the text.

My recent article is The Partners by James B. Stewart. I also want to write about Double Billing by Cameron Stracher and Lions in the Street by Paul Hoffman.

Best regards, Lamro (talk) 09:25, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

New articles
Hi,

How is life in these tough days? I trust u r OK. I have added a couple of articles. I would appreciate if you take a look and expand them if possible.

 * Mudge Rose Guthrie Alexander & Ferdon - a now defunct white shoe law firm
 * Edward B. Burling - a name partner of Covington & Burling

BR, Lamro (talk) 10:27, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Perecman & Fanning
An article that you have been involved in editing, Perecman & Fanning, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Perecman & Fanning. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Eastlaw (talk) 03:30, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Hunton.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Hunton.gif. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --FairuseBot (talk) 17:34, 14 September 2008 (UTC)

Law firms of Hong Kong
Thanks for your comment. I'm ambiguous about whether it should be kept solely to firms based/HQ'ed in Hong Kong, since several law firms in the list are listed under different city categories, and Category:Law firms of Singapore also mostly includes overseas firms.

A solution could be to mimic Category:Law firms of the United States and Category:Foreign law firms with offices in the United States, and add a sub-category - Foreign law firms with offices in Hong Kong, or something similar. Would that work? Misterx2000 (talk) 16:27, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Whew, I did it (created the sub-category)..it wasn't easy!Misterx2000 (talk) 09:23, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Thelen.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Thelen.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 06:31, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

Steptoe & Johnson (West Virginia)
definitely needs to merge into regular Steptoe. The WV firm is nn on its own, but deserves a mention in the discussion of the history of Steptoe. -- Y not? 19:36, 19 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, I am pretty sure it is not a notable law firm. -- Y not? 00:56, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Nice work on law firms
Hi Mediterraneo, I just wanted to tell you thanks for the good job on Thelen LLP and the two Steptoe & Johnson articles. I disagree with Y (above) that the Steptoe & Johnson (West Virginia) should be merged and is non-notable itself. Both firms are on the NLJ 250 list, and I would assert that this fact alone would render them notable. Perhaps you should mention this point in the article.

BTW, I have to wonder if Thelen LLP will even still exist by this time next year...?

Cheers, Eastlaw (talk) 23:39, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

 * LOL, did I call this or what? Seriously though, I hope you are doing OK, wherever you are.  I, unfortunately, am still unemployed.  --Eastlaw (talk) 03:49, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

Garrigues (law firm)
Hello, ciao! You recently deleted all the specialties for the above firm but did not provide a reason for doing so, nor a source for your revision. Can you elucidate? Sincerely, GeorgeLouis (talk) 15:49, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

The Thelen crisis
Hi Mediterraneo, sorry to hear about your friends at Thelen. Rumors have been swirling about layoffs/dissolutions at a number of firms. Here in New Jersey, there wasn't quite as much financial work going on as in NYC or Chicago, but the real estate bubble caused a growth in the legal market that has turned into a glut. So many lawyers, from solo practitioners to large firms, are losing money in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The Fed is supposedly going to announce a rate cut today, but at this point, I doubt that it will be of any real help.

Carry on... --Eastlaw (talk) 16:18, 29 October 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Steptoe & Johnson (West Virginia)
A tag has been placed on Steptoe & Johnson (West Virginia) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a company or corporation, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for companies and corporations.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. Bongomatic (talk) 08:47, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Mound Cotton Wollan & Greengrass
A tag has been placed on Mound Cotton Wollan & Greengrass requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a company or corporation, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for companies and corporations.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the article or have a copy emailed to you. Alphageekpa (talk) 02:01, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

question...
Your edit summary here seems to indicate you started a new article by cutting and pasting material from an existing article. Have I got that right?

If so I am concerned that the name of the existing article isn't given -- so the revision history can't be checked. This is important for several reasons. For instance, if someone detects a copyright violation, and it turns out to be in material you cut and pasted, you could have innocently cut and pasted copyvio material someone else pinched. It is desirable to be able to determine who is violating copyrights, so they can be told to stop, and so their other contributions can be checked to see if they violated copyrights elsewhere.

Further, there is the issue of gfdl. We give up various rights under the gfdl. But one we keep is attribution. When material is cut and pasted, without saying where it comes from, the original contributors attribution is lost. Geo Swan (talk) 21:43, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I see you cut and pasted the material from the Shearman & Sterling article. Geo Swan (talk) 21:58, 8 March 2009 (UTC)

NowCommons: File:Hunton.gif
File:Hunton.gif is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:File:Hunton.gif. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:14, 31 May 2009 (UTC)

WP:Hornbook -- a new WP:Law task force for the J.D. curriculum
Andrew Gradman talk/WP:Hornbook 05:32, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Rogers & Wells question
As a legal journalist I'm grateful for all your hard work creating and improving law firm pages. I note the statement on the Rogers & Wells page that it had the second largest litigation team in New York after Simpson Thacher. Can you provide a source for that? Thanks, ravcasleygera

UPDATE: Hi, I've had a pootle about on The Lawyer's website and I can't find it, but if you could have a quick look after Thanksgiving it'd be great. Don't let it get in the way of the turkey sandwiches. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ravcasleygera (talk • contribs) 16:04, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Shearman & Sterling pro bono work on behalf of Guantanamo detainees for deletion
A discussion has begun about whether the article Shearman & Sterling pro bono work on behalf of Guantanamo detainees, which you created or to which you contributed, should be deleted. While contributions are welcome, an article may be deleted if it is inconsistent with Wikipedia policies and guidelines for inclusion, explained in the deletion policy.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Shearman & Sterling pro bono work on behalf of Guantanamo detainees until a consensus is reached, and you are welcome to contribute to the discussion.

You may edit the article during the discussion, including to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article.  brew crewer  (yada, yada) 17:28, 31 October 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Otterbourg, Steindler, Houston & Rosen

The article Otterbourg, Steindler, Houston & Rosen has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Company fails WP:CORP

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You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Mt king  (edits)  08:34, 10 September 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Gleiss Lutz

A tag has been placed on Gleiss Lutz, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Mt king  (edits)  03:19, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Cuatrecasas

The article Cuatrecasas has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page in the form of "This article meets criteria A and B because..." and ping me back. Thank you,

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 00:57, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Gleiss Lutz

The article Gleiss Lutz has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page in the form of "This article meets criteria A and B because..." and ping me back. Thank you,

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 01:00, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Mound Cotton Wollan & Greengrass

The article Mound Cotton Wollan & Greengrass has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page in the form of "This article meets criteria A and B because..." and ping me back. Thank you,

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 01:02, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Steptoe & Johnson PLLC

The article Steptoe & Johnson PLLC has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page in the form of "This article meets criteria A and B because..." and ping me back. Thank you,

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 01:02, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Bonelli Erede Pappalardo

The article Bonelli Erede Pappalardo has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
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Nomination of Bonelli Erede Pappalardo for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Page Sponsor
Good morning,

I hope you are doing well. I am looking for a sponsor to create a Wikipedia page for an Atlanta based law firm, Morgan & DiSalvo LLC. Based on your editing history, you seemed like a good candidate to inquire about this task. If you are willing to help me, I have a draft text I can send your way.

Please let me know.

Thanks,

Jennifer Jkoon.mmc (talk) 15:01, 24 July 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Chiomenti Studio Legale

The article Chiomenti Studio Legale has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "nothing here to indicate how this might meet WP:NCORP – references are all routine coverage of its routine business."

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title: User talk:Mediterraneo


text:
Jean Maillard

Jean Maillard (c. 1515 – after 1570) was a French composer of the Renaissance.

While little is known with certainty about his life, he may have been associated with the French royal court, since he wrote at least one motet for them. Most likely he lived and worked in Paris, based on evidence of his print editions, which were prepared there. Since later in his career he set verse by Huguenot poet Guillaume Guéroult, as well as Clément Marot, he may have either become a Protestant or had Protestant sympathies; this could explain his disappearance from Paris around 1570. If he did leave the city then, his destination is unknown. No record of him after that year has been found.

Maillard is mentioned by Rabelais in Gargantua and Pantagruel, and also by Ronsard in his Livre des Mélanges (1560 and 1572). He was evidently famous during his time, and many of his motets were used as source material for parody masses by composers as distinguished as Palestrina; in addition Lassus reworked some of his music. Claude Goudimel also used a secular chanson of Maillard's as source material for a mass.

Six of Maillard's masses have survived, and two others are known to have been lost. Considerable other music of his has survived in printed editions, including eighty-six motets, settings of the Magnificat, lamentations, chansons spirituelles, and secular chansons. Stylistically, his sacred music is more closely related to the contemporary Franco-Flemish idiom of pervasive, dense, complex polyphony than to the relatively clear and succinct style of his fellow French composers. In particular, he used short motifs in close imitation, and often used strict canonic devices. About half of his motets are for four voices; the rest are for five or six, with one motet for seven voices. Many of his motets have the cantus firmus in long note values in the highest voice, while the other voices carry on in a polyphonic, imitative texture.

His Missa pro mortuis was an early Requiem mass setting, and one of the only examples from France in the 16th century.

Unlike his sacred music, his secular music was in the prevailing popular idiom of the 1540s.

Modern editions
Maillard's sacred works are being edited for publication by Raymond H. Rosenstock. His editions of motets already published several years ago by A-R Editions in the USA provide useful further information and authoritative modern transcriptions; he has also edited Maillard's masses, published by The Institute of Mediaeval Music in Canada.

References and further reading

 * Article "Jean Maillard (i)", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.  ISBN 1-56159-174-2
 * Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954.  ISBN 0-393-09530-4
 * Marie-Alexis Colin, Frank Dobbins: "Jean Maillard", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed September 11, 2005), (subscription access)

title: Jean Maillard


text: Category:Mass media in Wisconsin

title: Category:Mass media in Wisconsin


text:
File:Kansas - Live at the Whisky.jpg

Cover for album Live at the Whisky by Kansas.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Kansas - Live at the Whisky.jpg


text:
Chrysler PT Cruiser

The Chrysler PT Cruiser is a Mini MPV that was built by the American company Chrysler from 2001 until 2010. Introduced as a five-door hatchback wagon, a two-door convertible variant was also made from 2005 until 2008.

Originally planned as a Plymouth model, the PT Cruiser was ultimately marketed as a Chrysler when Plymouth was discontinued. Intended to invoke 1930s aesthetics, the exterior of the PT Cruiser was designed by Bryan Nesbitt. The model received an intermediate facelift for the 2006 model year. Interior packaging was noted for its high roof, high h-point seating, and flexible cargo and passenger configurations enabled by a multi-level rear cargo shelf and rear seats a user could fold, tumble, or remove.

The PT Cruiser was produced in Mexico and Austria at the Toluca Car Assembly and Eurostar Automobilwerk factories. By the end of production in July 2010, worldwide production had reached 1.35 million.

In its nameplate, PT stands for "Personal Transport " or "Personal Transportation". PT was the PT Cruiser's product code for the Mexican-made units.

Overview

The PT Cruiser is a front-wheel drive 5-passenger vehicle, classified as a truck in the US by the NHTSA for CAFE fuel economy calculations but as a car by most other metrics. Chrysler specifically designed the PT Cruiser to fit the NHTSA criteria for a light truck to bring the average fuel efficiency of the company's truck fleet into compliance with CAFE standards. A turbocharged GT model was introduced for the 2003 model year. A convertible was introduced for the 2005 model year.

The cars were manufactured at Toluca Car Assembly in Toluca, Mexico. On March 8, 2006, DaimlerChrysler announced that 1,000,000 PT Cruisers had been built. The final PT Cruiser was built on July 9, 2010. A total of 1,050,281 PT Cruisers were marketed in the United States.

The PT Cruiser was also assembled at the Eurostar Automobilwerk in Graz, Austria, for markets outside North America, using the production code PG, for the model year 2002. European PT Cruisers built in 2001 or from 2003 on were manufactured in Mexico under the PT production code. The US version used a 2.4 L four-cylinder gasoline engine. In addition to this standard model, a 2.2 L four-cylinder diesel engine built by Mercedes-Benz was also available in Europe, Asia, and South Africa. A 2.0 L engine (D4RE) was also available outside the US. It produced 140 hp SAE at 6500 rpm with 130 lb·ft of torque at 4800 rpm.

In July 2000, the PT Cruiser replaced the Neon in Japan as their small car offering. Chrysler sold over 10,000 PT Cruisers in Japan. The five-door hatchback, two-door convertible, and GT turbo engine package were sold in Japan in right-hand drive configurations. Japanese versions were manufactured at the Austrian factory and were equipped similarly to European specifications. From 2002 until 2007, the PT Cruiser was used in the city of Urayasu, Chiba Prefecture by the Maihama Resort Cab company to serve as a taxi in the vicinity of Tokyo Disneyland because of its fun, retro appearance. The PT Cruiser taxis augmented the Maihama Resort Line service to Tokyo Disneyland. The ten Chrysler PT Cruisers were to help customers "hold on to that lingering Disney feeling all the way home." The cars were offered in Japan until April 2010, when it was replaced by the Dodge Caliber.

The PT Cruiser arrived in Australia in mid-2000 and came in only three specification levels: Grand Tourer, Limited, and Touring. Until 2006, the only choice of engine was the 2.0 L. The cabrio was introduced to Australia in 2006. From 2006, all models, including the new cabrio, received the 2.4 L I4 engine coupled to a four-speed automatic or five-speed manual. Sales were never spectacular, and the car's reputation for lackluster performance turned buyers to the competition. Sales sharply declined following the facelift despite the newer models having a more powerful engine. Between 2000 and 2009, total sales for Australia were 7,000.

In 2001 Motor Trend named the PT Cruiser as its Car of the Year and Car and Driver put it on its Ten Best list. the PT Cruiser also won the North American Car of the Year. The PT Cruiser also won the North American Car of the Year, based on a solid majority of top automotive journalists charged with "picking a vehicle that has set new standards or benchmarks in its class while considering aspects such as general design, safety, fuel economy, handling, general roadworthiness, performance, functionality, technical innovation, driver satisfaction and price." It also held the distinction of being listed by Consumer Guide automotive editors as "Best Buy" continuously from 2001 through 2006.

Design
The PT Cruiser was part of the nostalgia wave that included models such as the Volkswagen New Beetle and the Mini Cooper. Rather than recalling previous namesake models, the PT Cruiser recalled the 1930s and 1940s styling, influenced by the Chrysler Airflow.

The 2000 PT Cruiser grew out of a collaboration with Robert A. Lutz, who was an executive at Chrysler at the time, Dr. Clotaire Rapaille, and Bryan Nesbitt. Nesbitt later went on to design the Chevrolet HHR.

The PT Cruiser's design was loosely inspired by the Chrysler Pronto Cruizer concept car while recalling the Chrysler and Desoto Airflow. Aspects of the PT Cruiser's rear styling also resembled the Chrysler CCV, a retro-styled compact vehicle recalling the Citroen 2CV.

On launch, the PT Cruiser was described as a market segment-buster. Chrysler's Dieter Zetsche characterized it as a continuing example of the automaker's innovation for new segments, demonstrating "you can have head-turning style, practicality, and value all in one package."

Car and Driver described the design as "highly distinctive, appeals to a broad segment of the public, and is characteristically American." The public's reaction to the PT Cruiser was polarized, but inspired a solid following among owners. Overall, the car "was a valuable vehicle for many consumers."

Updates

PT Cruiser models included the Classic edition, Limited edition, Touring edition, Couture edition (2010 only), "Dream Cruiser," "Street Cruiser," "Pacific Coast Highway" edition," and PT Cruiser GT. The non-GT Turbo (180 hp) edition models (introduced in 2004) were identified by a "2.4L Turbo" badge on the lower right-hand corner of the rear lift-gate. The GT model (introduced in 2003) has a "2.4L Turbo High Output" badge on the right-hand corner of the lift-gate indicating the 215–230 hp engine version.

Updates for 2006 included scalloped headlights, a revised grille no longer extending below the "bumper," a new lower front fascia that eliminated the patented brake cooling ducts, redesigned taillights, and available round fog lamps. The changes reduced the "retro vibe" that did not satisfy some customers and " exposed the main pitfall of retro design: How do you update old?"

Interior updates included a revised interior with an updated dash with an analog clock in the center stack. The audio system featured a line-in jack for MP3 players integrated into the dash. Features such as satellite radio, a premium sound system by Boston Acoustics with external amplifier and subwoofer, and UConnect hands-free Bluetooth for compatible cell phones also became available in 2006. The standard audio system now included an AM/FM stereo with single-disc CD player and a 3.5-millimeter auxiliary audio input jack with six speakers, replacing a cassette player and four speakers. The turbocharged 2.4 L I4 was available in 180 hp or "High-Output" 230 hp versions. A "Mopar" cruise control unit became available as an aftermarket unit on 2007 models. Also, in 2007, Chrysler dealers were permitted to order vehicles with separate options (unbundled options from option packages) such as anti-lock brakes and Side Impact Airbags. Sirius Satellite Radio also became an option that could be installed as a dealer option with a factory appearance (i.e., roof mount satellite antenna).

Original plans called for the PT Cruiser to receive a complete redesign for 2007, but that was pushed back. Little was changed as Chrysler was sorting out powertrains, styling, and even positioning as a luxury compact SUV. The convertible and the High Output engine were discontinued for the 2008 model year and sales dropped as information spread that Chrysler was going to discontinue the PT Cruiser shortly.

For 2010, the last year of production, one trim level, the PT Cruiser Classic, was offered. It included a 2.4 L I4 engine producing 150 hp, standard four-speed automatic transmission with overdrive, AM/FM stereo with single-disc CD player, auxiliary audio input jack and six speakers, rear-mounted spoiler, air conditioning, cruise control, tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), front and rear side SRS airbags, keyless entry with two remotes and panic alarm, ABS anti-lock brakes, and sixteen-inch alloy wheels. Optional features included leather seating surfaces, a power front driver's bucket seat, an engine block heater, a power tilt-and-sliding sunroof, and heated dual front bucket seats. Exterior color options were Bright Silver Metallic, Brilliant Black Crystal Pearl Coat, Deep Water Blue Pearl Coat, Inferno Red Crystal Tinted Pearl Coat, Silver Steel Metallic, and Stone White Clear Coat. The only interior color option was Pastel Slate Gray.

Safety
In 2002, Euro NCAP gave the PT Cruiser a three (out of five) stars rating. The car received bad results in the frontal impact test (6 out of 16 possible points). The height of the seats and side airbags helped to attain a maximum score of 16 points in the side impact test. The low frontal scores are partly explained by the cushioning near the knees, designed to protect unbelted occupants, which is not a factor in the EU where passengers must wear seat belts.

For 2008, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety gave the PT Cruiser the highest rating of Good overall for occupant protection in frontal crashes and the lowest overall rating of Poor for side crashes. It was the only small car to not offer electronic stability control.

Trim levels
Four-door hatchback
 * Base- Included 5-speed manual transmission, AM/FM stereo with a cassette player (or single-disc CD player and auxiliary audio input jack for 2006–2009 models) and six premium speakers, manual roll-up windows (later standard power windows), and manual door locks (later standard power door locks), fifteen-inch steel wheels with wheel covers, cloth seating surfaces, and folding rear seat.
 * Touring- Added AM/FM stereo with single-disc CD player, power windows and door locks, and keyless entry to Base.
 * Touring Signature Series- Added Boston Acoustics premium speakers with an external amplifier, alloy wheels, and exterior color-keyed details to Touring. Special W.P. Chrysler Signature Series emblems on front fenders.
 * Limited- Added AM/FM stereo with cassette and CD players (later six-disc CD/MP3 changer) and Infinity (later Boston Acoustics) premium speakers with an external amplifier, chromed alloy wheels, and leather-and-suede-trimmed seating surfaces with heated front seats to Touring.
 * Street Cruiser- Added body kit, unique alloy wheels, and color-keyed exterior details.
 * GT- Added high-performance 2.4L Turbocharged Inline Four-Cylinder (I4) engine, special alloy wheels, and body kit to Limited. GT Cruiser emblem on tailgate.
 * Walter P. Chrysler Signature Series – 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008
 * Limited edition Platinum Series – 2004 only
 * Dream Cruiser Series – 2002–2005, 2009 only- Added two-tone paint scheme and special alloy wheels.
 * Sport – see below
 * Classic – 2010 only- Same features as Touring trim level with alloy wheels.
 * Couture – 2010 only- Added single exterior color option and two-toned leather-trimmed interior to Classic.

Two-door convertible (same features as 5-door hatchback models with power-retractable cloth convertible top)

PT Cruiser GT

The PT Cruiser GT (also known as the GT Cruiser) is a high output turbocharged hot hatch variant of the PT Cruiser introduced as a 2003 model. The engine was upgraded over the standard PT. This included stronger crankcase webbing, a thicker deck with 11 mm head bolts (vs. 10 mm), an oil drain back for the turbo, a cast aluminum structural oil pan, a higher capacity oil pump, a crankshaft of higher hardness steel, improved machining of bearing journals, oil squirters (to cool underside of pistons), eutectic aluminum alloy pistons made specially by Mahle, and forged connecting rods with cracked caps and 9 mm bolts. The cylinder head was also different for turbo engines, from naturally aspirated. The turbo version was used by both the PT Cruiser GT and Dodge Neon SRT-4 with larger diameter valves and seats, exhaust valves made of Inconel, improved cooling as well as larger oil drain back passages, and different camshafts. The PT Cruiser Turbo engine package differs from the SRT-4 because the intake manifold, turbocharger plumbing, and intercooler are different. Upgrades such as MOPAR Stage 1 and supporting turbo components were available from the manufacturer. Many of the performance parts from the SRT-4 are compatible with the PT Cruiser GT.

 * Performance
 * 215 hp @ 5000 rpm and 245 lb·ft @ 3600 rpm (2003–2005)
 * 230 hp @ 5100 rpm and 245 lb·ft @ 2400 rpm (2006–2007)
 * Top speed 125 mi/h (Governor limited)

 * Standard features
 * Autostick or 5-speed Getrag manual transmission
 * 4-wheel disc brakes with ABS and traction control
 * Larger disc-brake rotors and Turbo calipers
 * Chromed 17-inch wheels with P205/50R17 tires
 * Body-color monotone front fascia with larger, lower openings
 * Body-color monotone rear fascia with larger exhaust opening
 * Specially tuned suspension (which also dropped the height 1 inch)
 * Performance-tuned exhaust system with a large diameter chrome exhaust tip

Flame package & Woodie package

Factory Flame package – Flame-inspired vinyl decals of a 'tone-on-tone' type applied on the hood, front fenders, and front doors, starting with 2002 models. Four flame designs: fading orange-to-red on cars painted red, fading blue to cranberry flames on cranberry finished cars, a dark silver that fades into bright silver on bright silver paint, and fading deep magenta to black flames highlighted with a blue border on black cars.

Woodie package – Available on all Chrysler PT Cruiser models from 2002 until 2004, the simulated wood panels were on the sides of the vehicle and the rear hatch. The vinyl graphic featured a linear Medium Oak woodgrain framed with Light Ash surround moldings. Chrysler described the designers were inspired by the automaker's wood-body heritage from the early Town & Country models.

Street Cruiser Route 66 edition

Available in 2006 was a Route 66 edition in either Solar Yellow or Black. This version featured Solar Yellow brake calipers, body-color grille, solar-tinted sunscreen glass, lift-gate mounted spoiler, 17-inch all-season performance tires, four-wheel anti-lock brakes with low-speed traction control, speed control, and a sport suspension. Brightwork accents included chrome body-side moldings, a chrome exhaust tip, and 17 inch chrome-plated five-spoke Empire aluminum wheels. Exterior identification included a 'Street Cruiser' badge with Solar Yellow accents on the lift-gate and 'Route 66' badges on the front doors.

A total of 1,443 Route 66 models were produced in North America, with 142 of those equipped with 5-speed manual transmissions. Only one was built with a manual transmission, along with every option.

Street Cruiser Pacific Coast Highway edition
Announced during the 2006 Woodward Dream Cruise and named for one of the most picturesque driving routes (officially called California State Route 1) in the United States. Based on the 2007 Chrysler PT Cruiser Touring model, this version featured a Pacific Blue Pearl body, 4-wheel disc anti-lock brakes, bright front door sill scuff pads, front bright accent ring cupholders, silver shift knob, chrome lock knobs, chrome body-side molding, "Street Cruiser" badge, Pacific Coast Highway edition badge, rear body-color spoiler, bright exhaust tip, leather steering wheel with bright spokes, sport suspension, supplemental side airbags, 6-way power driver's seat, Sirius satellite radio, 17x6 inch aluminum platinum finished wheels with 205/50R17XL 93H BSW all-season performance tires, and cloth seats with blue insert.

Street Cruiser Sunset Boulevard edition

A version of the 2008 PT Cruiser LX was named for a road (Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles, California) that has been described as an influence for many movies, songs, and TV shows. Street Cruiser Sunset Boulevard edition version was based on the 2008 PT Cruiser LX and was limited to 500 units. It included "Sunset Crystal" paint accented with various chrome body-trim pieces, deep-tint glass, and 16-inch chrome wheels with all-season touring tires.

Dream Cruiser Series 5

The Dream Cruiser Series 5 production totaled 1,750 units for the US market during the 2009 model year. It included 4-speed automatic transmission, pearl-white body (however one was made in inferno red and one finished in bright silver) with a black roof and spoiler, gray interior with leather and chrome trim, upper- and lower-billet aluminum cross-hatch pattern grilles, chromed door handles and body-side moldings, chromed stainless-steel exhaust tip (on turbo), 17 in SRT Design wheels with all-season performance tires, unique 'PT' door badging, PT Dream Cruiser Series 5 tailgate badge, fog lamps, and a Brilliant Black Crystal Pearl hoop spoiler.

The vehicle was announced in conjunction with the 2008 Woodward Dream Cruise.

PT Cruiser Sport
Based on the Classic trim, the Sport version included a roof-mounted body-colored spoiler, 16-inch alloy wheels, a PT Cruiser Sport badge, and an exclusive graphite metallic paint.

The PT Cruiser Sport was available with a 2.0 L gasoline engine in the UK market.

Couture edition

The Couture edition was exhibited at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show as part of the expansion to the European market It featured a contrasting two-tone paint scheme: black above the beltline and silver metallic on the bottom section, with a red pinstripe dividing the two. The interior included Radar Red leather buckets (dark gray leather optional) with black piping, a red or black shifter knob, and chrome appliques. Outside features included 16-inch chrome-clad wheels with chromed body-side moldings and accents. Production was limited to 500.

Chrysler Panel Cruiser
The Chrysler Panel Cruiser was a design study that appeared at the 2000 Detroit Auto Show. Based on the PT Cruiser, it featured panels in place of the rear doors and a wooden floor rather than rear seats. The Panel Cruiser was designed to mix elements of classic American panel trucks with those of a sports sedan. It featured 17-inch chrome wheels with 215/45 tires. The rear cargo space had a wood floor with bright skid strips and wood bars, while the side quarter panels included cargo straps for a multi-use cargo area.

title: Chrysler PT Cruiser


text:
User talk:Jtrainor

Welcome!

The Rules

 * 1) Be cool to me and I'll be cool to you. If you show up here and act like a jerk expect to have your posts removed.
 * 2) No anon IPs. Log in if you want to talk to me.
 * 3) No puppets. Self-explanatory.
 * 4) No Homers
 * 5) Don't randomly template me instead of attempting to actually talk to me. This is 'shit and run' and will get you nowhere. Especially don't template me about being close to 3RR-- I am quite capable of counting to three and assuming that I can't will most definitely be taken as a personal attack.
 * 6) Catch-all prove 'em wrong clause:
 * 5a) Yes it is
 * 5b) No it isn't
 * 5c) Yes
 * 5d) No

Deaf Culture
Hi! Just wanted to explain quickly why I removed the Disability template from the Deaf culture page you added. It's been an on and off debate whether the page should have it, but an informal straw poll came to the conclusion that it should stay off the page. The basic reason came down to that though the physical inabilty to hear can be considered a disability (though some would say otherwise; a debate for another time, I'm sure) Deaf Culture is more about the culture that revolves around the Deaf Community. I'd be more than happy to elaborate a bit on this topic if you'd like. Deafgeek (talk) 18:51, 6 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I disagree, but I don't really have the time or energy to start a fight over this. Jtrainor (talk) 20:37, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

Your last two AfD nominations
Please read WP:BEFORE before considering nominating articles for deletion. In short, an unreferenced article won't be deleted on notability grounds if the sources can be found easily via a search. I find it generally saves everyone's time if I do a quick search for sources before considering nominating, with Google Books and their news archives being most useful. -- Pontificalibus  (talk)

Mangum or Magnum
Please double-check the spelling. — Malik Shabazz Talk/Stalk 00:23, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

Re: DIREKTOR at WP:AE
Would you mind explaining how exactly my request is "clearly frivolous"? --Joy [shallot] (talk) 12:38, 24 September 2012 (UTC)
 * You're complaining because someone made three reverts in -11 days-. Jtrainor (talk) 01:46, 26 September 2012 (UTC)

Arb
You are involved in a recently filed request for arbitration. Please review the request at Arbitration/Requests and, if you wish to do so, enter your statement and any other material you wish to submit to the Arbitration Committee. Additionally, the following resources may be of use—
 * Arbitration/Requests;
 * Arbitration guide.

Thanks, Alanscottwalker (talk) 17:35, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

Starnbar
ref

Evidence phase open - Manning naming dispute
Dear Jtrainor.

This is just a quick courtesy notice. You recently offered a statement in a request for arbitration. The Arbitration Committee has accepted that request for arbitration and an arbitration case has been opened at Arbitration/Requests/Case/Manning naming dispute. Evidence that you wish the arbitrators to consider should be added to the evidence subpage, at Arbitration/Requests/Case/Manning naming dispute/Evidence. Please add your evidence by September 19, 2013, which is when the evidence phase closes. You can also contribute to the case workshop subpage, Arbitration/Requests/Case/Manning naming dispute/Workshop. For a guide to the arbitration process, see Arbitration/Guide to arbitration. For the Arbitration Committee, Seddon talk 23:40, 8 September 2013 (UTC)

Categories
Hey - when you add a category tag to an article (as with Breen), it's good to make sure that the category actually exists. The category in question was deleted a few years ago as a result of some discussion. DS (talk) 14:19, 16 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Ah, okay, my bad. Jtrainor (talk) 03:48, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Banned from posting sources, replay
Hello. I would like to replay to you here since my posts are being deleted in the report. I was never reported and that admin keeps banning me. He appears in every discussion I have with the reported user. I'm not hiding I'm the same person because I haven't done anything wrong. You said that all are saying I'm a sock but that is not the case. Only FkpCascais and HighInBC are doing that. In the referenced discussions you can see that none of the following editors had a single complaint against me: Joy [shallot], Director, Ąnαșταη,  Robert McClenon,  Brustopher, Tuvixer,  No such user,  Shokatz,  Markewilliams,  Relichal1, LjL,AlbinoFerret. FkpCascais is calling HighInBC to ban people for him and all that is done without any report (I'm not the only case). I've been active for a few month in the referenced discussions and you can see that there is no reason to ban me. I feel I haven't done anything wrong by posting sources and when the page protection expired I'll post them again. From the reports against FkpCascais it is obvious how he deals with people who he don't agree with. I had a quite of struggle on Serbs of Croatia article with him. I opened a RfC, discussed for months, he tried to block me and another user when we were the only one who opposed him. I managed to bring that RfC to other editors who joined. Then FkpCascais became very rude to them also, and he was finally reported by one of those editors and banned from that discussion. Sorry if I bothered you, but you seemed interested to why I'm being banned without any report. I will keep posting sources to the talk page in any way since those sources can help someone. 141.138.59.111 (talk) 17:10, 15 February 2016 (UTC)

Working to remove Mark Roosevelt POV tag
Thank you for your work on Mark Roosevelt's page. I am working to address your concerns regarding neutrality. May we talk here or shall I comment on the "Talk:Mark Roosevelt" page? Thanks. Johnnie Stringfellow (talk) 14:22, 7 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Hit me up whereever. My primary concerns, as noted on that page, is that it's current state was created basically by a PR flack from the university the guy works/worked at. Jtrainor (talk) 14:50, 7 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Thank you. I will work on it and move any additional discussion to the "Talk:Mark Roosevelt" page. Johnnie Stringfellow (talk) 18:07, 7 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Good morning - Revisiting this issue. Looks like sources were added back in July. However, I didn't want to remove the maintenance template until we touched base. Looking forward to your response. --Charlottemj (talk) 16:00, 4 January 2017 (UTC)

Select Survey Invite
I'm working on a study of political motivations and how they affect editing. I'd like to ask you to take a survey. The survey should take no more than 1-2 minutes. Your survey responses will be kept private. Our project is documented at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Wikipedia_%2B_Politics.

Your survey Link: http://uchicago.co1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9S3JByWf57fXEkR?Q_DL=56np5HpEZWkMlr7_9S3JByWf57fXEkR_MLRP_8ppceiOEKZAn8gZ&Q_CHL=gl

I am asking you to participate in this study because you are a frequent editor of pages on Wikipedia that are of political interest. We would like to learn about your experiences in dealing with editors of different political orientations.

Sincere thanks for your help! Porteclefs (talk) 01:17, 12 April 2018 (UTC)

PROD
Articles that have previously been through AFD are not eligible to be PROD'd, as info. -- ferret (talk) 01:17, 15 November 2018 (UTC)

 * Oh, good to know. Jtrainor (talk) 02:02, 15 November 2018 (UTC)

Misclicked
rollback but the undo-ing was intentional. Gasoline on a fire and all that. If you're bothered enough, please read the archives. ∯ WBG converse 14:47, 26 June 2019 (UTC)
 * You have no policy-based reason whatsoever to remove my post from the talk page. Jtrainor (talk) 15:19, 26 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Unhelpful speculation is just that... unhelpful. You have no basis to bring up unfounded rumours, either.  Please desist.  There's enough salacious material there as is that is based on facts.  If anyone knew about some Spanish contributions causing problems, they would have already been brought up at that page.   78.26  (spin me / revolutions) 15:26, 26 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I've done some investigation on my own and found out that the rumors are far from unsubstantiated. Fram offended LauraHale, who has subsequently used her ties to the WMF to get him unjustly punished. Jtrainor (talk) 23:20, 26 June 2019 (UTC)

Speculation at WP:FRAM
I have removed the section (and good faith responses) you recently started at WP:FRAM since it contained wild speculation about both Fram and another user with clear and forseeable real-life consequences. Please be more mindful on how such posts may affect actual persons. Abecedare (talk) 00:16, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * It's not wild speculation because it, you know, ACTUALLY HAPPENED. Jtrainor (talk) 03:19, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * That's what you say, without any evidence to back it up. Knock it off, or I will block you for BLP violations.   78.26  (spin me / revolutions) 12:14, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * You do realize that anyone can click someone's contribs and find things out the exact same things I did? You are too late to hush this up in any case; people are already talking about it outside Wikipedia. Jtrainor (talk) 14:26, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I am not responsible for preventing disruption outside of Wikipedia. People can and do say all kinds of garbage at other sites.  Some editors have, with diffs, pointed out that evidence could suggest the WMF may have a COI in this instance, while other editors have given evidence that this is not the case.  What has not been said is that they have "proof" of the motives of others.  I've seen your edit history, and you have done a good job in the past of removing unsourced, speculative material from articles.   Why you would promulgate such drivel ("It's a fact!") is perplexing, as you wouldn't allow this in an article.  But if you must, go to one of those other sites with a much lower standard of care, lower standards for "facts" and lower standards for the well-being of other people.  They will welcome you with open arms.   78.26  (spin me / revolutions) 14:52, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * There are literally other people discussing the exact same stuff I've mentioned on WP:FRAM right now, and I can't help noticing that you arn't trying to pull the same act with them. Jtrainor (talk) 18:51, 27 June 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm hardly omniscient. I happened to notice your statement.  You have no idea how much I don't want to say this, because I utterly detest this type of admin work, but if you'll point out the diff where unsubstantiated aspersions and say-so occurred, I guess I'll have to deal with it.  Otherwise it is just another unsubstantiated aspersion.  I should point out that I know the difference between "A+B looks funny if it were to equal C" and "A+B=C".   78.26  (spin me / revolutions) 20:14, 27 June 2019 (UTC)   78.26  (spin me / revolutions) 20:14, 27 June 2019 (UTC)

User page deleted
Your user page, User:Jtrainor/Summary of Fram Drama, was tagged by another editor as G10: Attack page or negative unsourced BLP and I have deleted it. Please do not recreate it or continue to speculate on the habits, editing and behavior of other editors or it will also be deleted. If you want to write this type of content, please do it on some other website, message board or blog, not on Wikipedia. Thank you. Liz Read! Talk! 00:26, 3 July 2019 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Jtrainor


text:
SaveRite

SaveRite was a U.S. chain of discount grocery stores owned by Winn-Dixie. The store offered a smaller selection and less customer support than most grocery stores.

The chain's marketing was based on its mascot Captain SaveRite, who is shown as a cartoon super-hero resembling Captain America.

Winn-Dixie created the SaveRite brand as an experiment to increase its revenues and opened 11 stores throughout its distribution area. In November 2001, Winn-Dixie announced plans to convert nearly all of its 40-some Winn-Dixie and Winn-Dixie Marketplace brand stores in the metro Atlanta area into SaveRites as a last-ditch effort to keep a hold on its market share, which was rapidly declining due to stiff competition from Wal-Mart, Publix, Kroger, Ingles, Food Lion, and other similar stores.

However, in 2005, SaveRite pulled out of the Atlanta area due to Winn-Dixie's decision to close 386 stores. Prior to cuts in February 2006, the only known states that had at least one SaveRite were Mississippi, Florida, and Ohio, most notably in the Orlando metro area and in the Meridian, Mississippi area. On February 28, 2006, Winn Dixie announced that it would close about 11 additional SaveRite stores in Central Florida.

On August 18, 2011, Winn Dixie announced it was converting the six remaining SaveRite locations to the Winn-Dixie banner. The conversion from SaveRite to Winn-Dixie was to take about four months, during which time the stores would remain open. All the SaveRite employees were to continue working for Winn-Dixie.

title: SaveRite


text:
Camp Leroy Johnson

Camp Leroy Johnson in New Orleans, Louisiana, was located on the south shore of Lake Pontchartrain in the area bounded west by Franklin Avenue, and east by Inner Harbor Navigation Canal. The camp was opened in 1942 as the New Orleans Army Air Base. The site was across the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal from the New Orleans Municipal Airport. In 1947 a formal ceremony was held at the New Orleans Port of Embarkation Personnel Center to rename the base after World War II Medal of Honor recipient Leroy Johnson. After 22 years of service the camp was closed on July 1, 1964 "for economic reasons".

Johnson was a native of Caney Creek near Oakdale, Louisiana, and served as a Sergeant, U.S. Army. He died on December 15, 1944, near Limon, Leyte, Philippine Islands shortly after he threw himself on two unexploded Japanese grenades during an assault thus saving two comrades.

Portions of the original property retain military function with the James H. Diamond United States Army Reserve Center located on Leroy Johnson, Drive. The original site also houses the Federal Bureau of Investigation New Orleans Field Office, a portion of the Southern University of New Orleans campus, and the University of New Orleans East Campus including the Lakefront Arena. In 1987 portions of the former camp hosted 130,000 people as part of a pastoral visit by Pope John Paul II. Camp Leroy Johnson is sometimes confused with the original New Orleans Naval Air Station which was located further to the west at the site of the current main campus of the University of New Orleans.

title: Camp Leroy Johnson


text:
Jędrzej Giertych

Jędrzej Giertych (7 January 1903 – 9 October 1992) was a Polish right-wing politician, journalist and writer.

Biography
Jędrzej Giertych was born in Sosnowiec on 7 January 1903, the son of Franciszek Giertych (1868–1938), an engineer. He had seven daughters and two sons: the Polish politician Maciej Giertych and the Catholic theologian and Vatican official Wojciech Giertych. Among his 29 grandchildren is the Polish politician Roman Giertych.

During World War I he attended for a time a German-language Lutheran school in Tallinn, Estonia, then part of the Russian Empire, where his father was deputy manager of a shipyard. His family later moved to Petrograd where they experienced the Russian Revolution, returning to Poland in 1918 after the treaty of Brest-Litovsk. He was injured at the Battle of Warsaw in 1920 and then became war correspondent during the Spanish Civil War, supportive of the Nationalists, especially of the Carlists. His reports were later published in book form, Hiszpania bohaterska (Heroic Spain).

Active politically mainly in the interwar period, Giertych was an ally of Roman Dmowski and a prominent activist of the National Democracy right-wing political camp, mainly the National Party. He was a member of the Central Committee of the party and was elected to be a member of the Warsaw City Council. Giertych support anti-Jewish boycotts, point out that the boycott in Odrzywol in 1935 led to the liquidation of all the Jewish market stalls and their replacement by 200 Polish stalls.

During World War II he was mobilised into the Polish Navy. His unit was soon encircled in the course of the battle for the Hel Peninsula, but he surrendered only on 2 October 1939 and was captured by Germans. He was the first Polish 'incorrigible escaper' to be imprisoned in the Colditz POW camp Oflag IVC. Moved with the Colditz Polish contingent to Oflag VI-B at Dossel, he was one of the survivors when on 27 September 1944 a British bomb carried by a Mosquito aircraft of No. 139 Squadron RAF, aimed at nearby Kassel, hit the camp in error and killed 90 Polish prisoners. His sister was a member of the Home Army and was wounded during the Warsaw Uprising.

After the war he exiled himself to England, together with his family. During communist rule in Poland, Giertych lived in London, working as a school-teacher. He died in London on 9 October 1992.

Political views
Giertych spent his political life aiming to build a Poland made up of nationalist traditionalist Catholic citizens ready to sacrifice their life for what he called the "greater good of Poland". Giertych represented the radical "youth faction" of the National Party. They were sceptic as to the need of the parliamentary system, aiming to change the political system of Poland. In 1938 he observed: "We [young faction] rather grew up as a reaction against the spirit of the 19th century, whose most classic effects were socialism, liberalism, parliamentarism." As to the goals of the "young faction" and the relations with fascism and Nazism, Giertych remarked: "We observe very carefully fascism, hitlerism and other foreign national movements, because we think we can learn a lot from them. We try to learn from their experience, use their lucky ideas, take all positive what they created. Our goal is to take the power in Poland."

The Jewish-run Anti-Defamation League describes Jędrzej Giertych as having been "notorious for his obsessive anti-Semitism and open admiration of fascism".

After the 1956 events, Giertych belonged to the emigres who voiced support for Gomułka. While living in exile in London, Giertych was expelled from the emigre National Party because of his extremism and antisemitism. He also strongly criticised the Workers' Defence Committee (KOR). While the Catholic church considered converts equally, Giertych advocated for restrictions based on a racial approach saying that "baptism can turn a Jew only into a Christian, not into a Pole, and such converts ought to be restricted in their rights just like their Jewish brethren".

Giertych also held imperialist views. In a series of newspaper articles of 1939 he suggested that "in the upcoming war" Poland ought to annex parts of East Germany ("the city of Danzig, East Prussia, upper and central Silesia, including the city of Breslau, and central Pomerania, including Kolberg"); moreover, Poland ought to create "a bunch of buffer states" between the rest of Germany and Poland along the rivers Oder and Neisse.

Works

 * My Młode Pokolenie (We, the Young Generation) (1929)
 * Tragizm losów Polski (1936)
 * Hiszpania bohaterska (Heroic Spain) (1937)
 * O wyjście z kryzysu (1938)
 * Polityka polska w dziejach Europy (Polish Politics in the History of Europe) (1947)
 * Polityka polska w dziejach Europy. Polityka Olszowskiego (1953)
 * U źródeł katastrofy dziejowej Polski: Jan Amos Komensky (1964)
 * Kulisy powstania styczniowego (1965)
 * Rola dziejowa Dmowskiego (Historic Role of Dmowski) (1968)
 * W obliczu zamachu na Kościół (1969)
 * Polski Obóz Narodowy (Polish National Camp) (1977, 1978)
 * Józef Piłsudski 1914–19 (1979–1982)
 * Rozważania o Bitwie Warszawskiej 1920-go roku (1984)
 * O Piłsudskim (On Piłsudski) (1987)

title: Jędrzej Giertych


text:
Toyota Previa

The Toyota Previa, also known as the Toyota Estima (トヨタ・エスティマ) in Japan, and Toyota Tarago in Australia, is a minivan that was produced by Toyota from 1990 until October 2019 across three generations.

The name "Previa" is derived from the Spanish for "preview", as Toyota saw the first Previa as a vehicle that would preview technologies used in future minivans. The Previa was the second largest minivan in Toyota's lineup in Japan after the bigger and more luxurious Alphard/Vellfire.

First generation (XR10/XR20; 1990)
The first generation, designed by Toyota designer Tokuo Fukuichi and Calty designer David Doyle in 1987 (patent filed 24 December 1987), was introduced on 27 January 1990, and had only one sliding side door for the rear passengers. It featured a mid-engined platform, where the inline-four cylinder gasoline-powered engine was installed almost flat (at a 75-degree angle), beneath the front seats.

Installing the engine in this configuration allowed moderately easy access to the spark plugs, which were located underneath a panel on the mid right-side of the vehicle, after removing the front right seat, the carpet and an access panel.

All of the engine-driven accessories, such as the alternator, power steering pump, air conditioning compressor and radiator fan, are accessible from the front hood and are driven by an accessory driveshaft on the front of the engine. This method received the name Supplemental Accessory Drive System, or "SADS". Placing these items in front allowed the designers to achieve an even front/rear weight distribution, which benefits ride quality and handling. However, it also prevented the installation of a larger engine, and meant that the design and development costs could not be mitigated by sharing the platform with other vehicles.

The first generation Previa was 4750 mm long and 1800 mm wide. In Japan, two smaller versions, the Toyota Estima Lucida and Toyota Estima Emina, were produced from January 1992, which were approximately 110 mm narrower and 70 mm shorter than the standard model. The original design continued to be sold in Japan, but became known as the "wide-body" Estima.

The reason that the smaller Emina and Lucida models were developed is the vehicle tax system in Japan, which is based on the product of the length and width of the car; the smaller variants fall into a lower tax band. The Estima Emina and Estima Lucida were also available with a 2.2-liter diesel engine (3C-T and 3C-TE). In Japan, the Estima and Estima Emina were exclusive to the dealerships called Toyota Store. The Estima Lucida sold at Toyota Corolla Store dealerships. The two received small redesigns in 1994 and a facelift in 1996.

The first generation Previa was available in both rear- and all-wheel drive versions (called All-Trac) and powered by a 135 PS JIS four-cylinder 2.4-liter fuel injection engine. Available with a four-speed automatic or five-speed manual gearbox, this Previa also seated seven or eight people, with three seating configurations offered (North America only received the seven passenger configurations, however).

All configurations have a driver and front passenger seat forward, and a three-seat bench seat at the rear that splits and folds flat against the sides of the cabin. The eight-seat configuration contains a 2/1 split swiveling bench seat in the middle row, while the seven-seat configurations contain either two independently swiveling captain's chairs (referred to as "Quad Seating"), in the middle row or a two-seat bench offset towards the driver's side. The third row is better upholstered in the seven-seat version.

The Previa was available with either four-wheel disc brakes or traditional front disc/rear drum brake setup, with anti-lock brakes (ABS) as an option.

 * Estima Emina

United States
In the United States, the Previa was sold from March 1990 (for the 1991 model year) until 1997. It was imported from Japan to compete with Chrysler Corporation's successful Dodge Caravan minivan, and its twins, the Chrysler Town and Country and Plymouth Voyager. Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca accused Toyota of dumping the Previa in the United States in order to take market share in the minivan segment from Chrysler. However, his claims were never substantiated.

While the Previa proved more popular than the Toyota Van it replaced, it did not acquire significant market share from Chrysler—due to its higher price, controversial styling (for its time), lower fuel economy and engine performance—and also due to Chrysler launching redesigned minivans around the same time.

The mid-engine design proved to have a significant limitation—the inability to incorporate larger engine sizes, which proved a problem as American drivers were used to having more power; the Dodge/Plymouth/Chrysler models were sold with available V6 engines with slightly more power. Its layout did, however, give the Previa greater interior space than the Chrysler competitors.

Starting with the 1994 model year, Toyota attempted to improve engine performance by fitting a Roots-type supercharger with air-to-air intercooler, providing 6 psi of boost (these models were called the "S/C"), bringing the engine power up to a competitive 158 hp and increasing fuel efficiency from 17 to 23 mpgus. The S/C engine was available as an option on only the LE for the 1994 model year, and on all models for 1995.

The United States version of the Previa was discontinued after the 1997 model year, replaced by the more traditionally designed, front-wheel drive, US-designed and built, Camry-based Sienna.

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tested a 1996 Previa in the moderate overlap front crash test. It was given a "Poor" rating due to violent head movement as the steering wheel was driven up towards the roof and the dummy slid down into a reclining position, causing leg injuries.

United Kingdom
The first UK market Previas were sold in September 1990, with one trim level called GL, followed by GX and GS in later years. No diesel engine Previas were made for the UK market.

Netherlands
The first generation Previa was marketed in the Netherlands between 1991 and 1994. In 1994, the supercharged or SC model was made standard on all Previas. The only engine available was a 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine until 1995. Trim levels were base (later renamed to i denoting an injection engine), GL, GLi and GXi. The 2.2-liter diesel version was a popular grey import.

Australia
In Australia, the Tarago was offered in GL/GLi, GLS and GLX forms with 7–8 passenger seating from launch in September 1990. In addition to the Australian market, there were various special edition models available, which varied in trim levels. These include the RV (either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic with 4WD), commemorative Rugby World Cup editions and Getaway. Feature-wise, all of the special edition models are marketed between the base GLi and GLX models. When the later-style update models were released in Australia, the top-of-the-line GLS model was renamed "Ultima" and the Getaway became a mainstay trim level, being renamed Getaway II.

Additional notes

 * The five-speed manual Previas (North American models) were made from 1990 through to 1993 (model year 1991 to 1993); none of these have a supercharger.
 * Starting in 1991 for model year 1992, Previas (North American models) came with a driver's side airbag and third brake-light with dual airbags becoming standard in September 1993 for model year 1994, being the first minivan to offer a passenger airbag as standard.
 * From 1991 to 1997 (from 1992 to 1997 model years), North American Previas also came with a swivel feature on the optional middle-row captain's chairs; 1990 to 1991 production (1991 model year) had fixed optional captain's chairs.
 * Available on Previas outside the U.S., was an ice-maker/refrigerator that doubled as a beverage heater called the Hot/Cool Box.
 * The supercharged engine is different from the normally aspirated engine, owing to a slight decrease in compression ratio and stronger engine internals. The supercharger is engaged on-demand by an electromagnetic clutch, based on input from the engine management system computer (the Engine Control Unit, or ECU).
 * Previas have optional dual moonroofs: A power horizontal-sliding only glass moonroof above the middle row of passengers, and a pop-up glass moonroof above the front seats.
 * Previas were also the first van to pass all US safety standards as pertaining to front impact, driver airbag, passenger airbag, center-mounted brake light, ABS, daylights, etc.
 * Fuel efficiency is below average (11–13 L/100 km or 18.1–21.4 mpg city, 10–11 L/100 km or 21.4–23.5 mpg highway); the small four-cylinder engine needs to work a bit harder owing to the power to weight ratio of the vehicle, compared with today's 6-cylinder engines. The addition of the supercharger slightly improves power and gives better fuel consumption.
 * The Previa gives a practically panoramic view, excluding the pillars behind the front doors. This also turns the van into a greenhouse, accumulating extreme heat in a short period of time, although solar control glass later became an option, to help alleviate the problem.
 * Previas are affectionately called "eggvans", "eggs" or "beans", because of their shape. In Australia, they have been referred to as "Wombats", because they somewhat resemble the marsupial of the same name. In New Zealand, they are very popular with freedom campers and are referred to as "Bucky" buses.
 * In the United States, the first generation Previa model variations, in order of lowest to highest price/option features, are: DX, DX All-Trac, DX S/C, LE, LE All-Trac, LE S/C, LE S/C All-Trac (where S/C = Supercharged and AllTrac = 4WD)
 * The front passenger seat and a section of floor pan must be removed to perform a tune up because there is not enough room to remove spark plug leads or spark plugs.
 * When the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tested the 1996 model in the offset frontal crash test, it revealed many safety problems: the cabin structure was unstable, the steering wheel moved upward all the way to the windshield, the lap belt tore which allowed the dummy to end up in a partially reclining position, and there were high forces on both of the lower legs, in which the IIHS evaluated it "Poor".
 * In some countries (mainly Australia, Japan and the United Kingdom), unsold Estimas and Lucidas were re-badged as 1995/1996 Previas.

Second generation (XR30/XR40; 2000)
The first generation Previa was sold outside the United States until 8 January 2000, when a newer front-wheel drive second generation replaced it. The second generation was not available in North America, as they received the Toyota Sienna. The second generation Previa had a slightly longer wheelbase (2900 mm) and was both narrower (1790 mm) and lower (1770 mm) than the first one; it switched to FF layout and was based on the Camry platform.

It was produced with sliding rear passenger doors on both sides and offered space for up to six, seven or eight passengers and, as with the first generation, was sold as the Estima in Japan and as the Tarago in Australia. The range available in Australia was the GLi, GLX and Ultima.

Models sold on the European markets were available with both gasoline and diesel-powered four-cylinder engines. The diesel engine was a 2.0-liter 1CD-FTV with 85 kW and the gasoline-powered one a 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE with 115 kW. Both models featured a five-speed manual transmission as the part of standard equipment, while a four-speed automatic was available as an option on gasoline-powered model.

Australian models (known locally as ACR30R) were only available with the 2.4-liter petrol engine and a four-speed automatic.

In the UK, GS, GLS and CDX trim levels were available. When the facelift was introduced in June 2003, these became T2, T3 and T Spirit respectively.

In Japan, a 3.0-liter V6 engine and a 2.4-liter hybrid version of the Estima were available.

Estima Hybrid
The Estima Hybrid employed the Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive and used two electric motors. A 2.4-liter gasoline engine and a 17 hp electric motor power the front wheels, while the rear wheels are propelled by a 24 hp electric motor. The vehicle had been on sale in Japan since June 2001. Production of the hybrid started in May 2001 at the Motomachi plant and June 2002 at the Fujimatsu plant. It is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minivan.

Third generation (XR50; 2006)
The third-generation model was introduced in 2006 in Japanese and Australian markets as the Estima and Tarago respectively, and as the Previa in other markets. This generation was notably absent from the European market.

Features include an available second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive drivetrain (only in the Japanese market), automatic parallel and reverse parking (only on Toyota Estima), Lane-Keep Assist (LKA) system which detects the lane markers on the road and steers the car on the right direction (for Estima only), Adaptive Front-Lighting System low beam headlamps which assists to light up the upcoming road around a bend, track-mounted second row reclining seats with footrests, and power-folding split third row seats (for seven-seater models). It received a minor facelift in 2009. G-BOOK was added to the list of optional features. Active driver assist features such as Lane Keeping Assist and Dynamic Radar Cruise Control were offered as an option exclusively to V6 variants.

In some markets such as Hong Kong and Taiwan, Toyota announced the 3.5-liter V6 model in January 2007, but was dropped from the lineup after its major facelift in 2016.

In the Philippines, the XR50 replaced the XR40 Previa in 2009. It only comes in the 2.4L Q variant. It is powered by Toyota's 2.4L 2AZ-FE inline-four engine with VVT-i paired to a 4-speed automatic transmission. It came with power sliding doors, automatic climate control, faux wood trim, 2DIN 6 CD audio system, speakers, remote keyless entry, and leather seats among other features.

Estima Hybrid
The third generation Estima Hybrid is powered by Toyota's 2.4-liter E-Four hybrid system with all-wheel drive. The hybridized Estima bears the model code AHR20 and is specifically marketed and sold exclusively in China and Japan, with limited importation to Australia. It is said to be similar to that of the Lexus RX 400h, but a generation behind.

Tarago
The Tarago was released in March 2006 bearing the ACR50R model code featuring the 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE inline-four engine found in the ACV40R Camry. In February 2007, Toyota released the GSR50R model with the 3.5-liter 2GR-FE V6 engine producing 202 kW and 340 Nm found in the GSV40R Aurion.

The model received a facelift in 2009, with revisions to the headlamps and bumpers. The option of a seven-seater variant was introduced in 2008. Another update was released in 2012 with smart start as standard on all models, smart entry on GLX V6 and Ultima models, new audio systems on all models, automatic headlights and a new Rustic Brown colour option. It also received the major facelift in 2016, with updated interior and other new standard features offered, however it still bears its exterior looks mostly unchanged as with the pre-facelift design. It is available as a family van, a taxicab for regular passengers and a specially designed wheelchair accessible taxi featuring a ramp and longer wheelbase.

In May 2019, Toyota revealed the Granvia, which is heavily based on the latest HiAce van. Toyota Australia confirmed the Granvia will replace the Tarago by the end of 2019, however, they were sold alongside each other for a short period of time. As of March 2020, the Tarago has been discontinued in the Australian market and removed from the Toyota Australia website.

Facelift (2016)
The facelifted model was launched in mid-2016, its dimensions remain mostly unchanged while it receives various new additional equipment to keep up with its competitors. In the interior features a redesigned multifunction steering wheel and a piano black center console that neatly houses a large touchscreen infotainment display. A new safety system "Toyota Safety Sense C" was offered for the first time in the facelifted Estima, but only for Japanese models. The former includes pre-collision system with pedestrian detection function, lane keep assist, high beam assist and radar cruise control.

Along with the new safety features comes with slightly redesigned headlights with LED daytime running lights, tail lights, bumpers, as well as interior with updated steering wheel design, it also becomes the first Toyota to have 360 degree 99% UV cut glass preventing 99% of UV rays from entering into the vehicle creating a cooler environment overall, this 99% UV cut glass also gets a recommendation from Skin Cancer Foundation and has a SPF 50+/PA++++ rating. The Estima drops its 3.5L V6 engine option and now only offers the 2.4L inline-4 producing 170 PS, and 224 Nm and its hybrid variant.

title: Toyota Previa