text:
Geothermal heating

Geothermal heating is the direct use of geothermal energy for some heating applications. Humans have taken advantage of geothermal heat this way since the Paleolithic era. Approximately seventy countries made direct use of a total of 270 PJ of geothermal heating in 2004. As of 2007, 28 GW of geothermal heating capacity is installed around the world, satisfying 0.07% of global primary energy consumption. Thermal efficiency is high since no energy conversion is needed, but capacity factors tend to be low (around 20%) since the heat is mostly needed in the winter.

Geothermal energy originates from the heat retained within the Earth since the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals, and from solar energy absorbed at the surface. Most high temperature geothermal heat is harvested in regions close to tectonic plate boundaries where volcanic activity rises close to the surface of the Earth. In these areas, ground and groundwater can be found with temperatures higher than the target temperature of the application. However, even cold ground contains heat. Below 6 m, the undisturbed ground temperature is consistently at the mean annual air temperature, and this heat can be extracted with a ground source heat pump.

Applications
There are a wide variety of applications for cheap geothermal heat including heating of houses, greenhouses, bathing and swimming or industrial uses. Most applications use geothermal in the form of hot fluids between 50 °C (122 °F) and 150 °C (302 °F). The suitable temperature varies for the different applications. For direct use of geothermal heat, the temperature range for the agricultural sector lies between 25 °C (77 °F) and 90 °C (194 °F), for space heating lies between 50 °C (122 °F) to 100 °C (212 °F). Heat pipes extend the temperature range down to 5 °C (41 °F) as they extract and "amplify" the heat. Geothermal heat exceeding 150 °C (302 °F) is typically used for geothermal power generation.

In 2004 more than half of direct geothermal heat was used for space heating, and a third was used for spas. The remainder was used for a variety of industrial processes, desalination, domestic hot water, and agricultural applications. The cities of Reykjavík and Akureyri pipe hot water from geothermal plants under roads and pavements to melt snow. Geothermal desalination has been demonstrated.

Geothermal systems tend to benefit from economies of scale, so space heating power is often distributed to multiple buildings, sometimes whole communities. This technique, long practiced throughout the world in locations such as Reykjavík, Iceland; Boise, Idaho; and Klamath Falls, Oregon; is known as district heating.

In Europe alone 280 geothermal district heating plants were in operation in 2016 according to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC) with a total capacity of approximately 4.9 GWth.

Extraction
Some parts of the world, including substantial portions of the western USA, are underlain by relatively shallow geothermal resources. Similar conditions exist in Iceland, parts of Japan, and other geothermal hot spots around the world. In these areas, water or steam may be captured from natural hot springs and piped directly into radiators or heat exchangers. Alternatively, the heat may come from waste heat supplied by co-generation from a geothermal electrical plant or from deep wells into hot aquifers. Direct geothermal heating is far more efficient than geothermal electricity generation and has less demanding temperature requirements, so it is viable over a large geographical range. If the shallow ground is hot but dry, air or water may be circulated through earth tubes or downhole heat exchangers which act as heat exchangers with the ground.

Steam under pressure from deep geothermal resources is also used to generate electricity from geothermal power. The Iceland Deep Drilling Project struck a pocket of magma at 2,100m. A cemented steelcase was constructed in the hole with a perforation at the bottom close to the magma. The high temperatures and pressure of the magma steam were used to generate 36MW of electricity, making IDDP-1 the world's first magma-enhanced geothermal system.

In areas where the shallow ground is too cold to provide comfort directly, it is still warmer than the winter air. The thermal inertia of the shallow ground retains solar energy accumulated in the summertime, and seasonal variations in ground temperature disappear completely below 10m of depth. That heat can be extracted with a geothermal heat pump more efficiently than it can be generated by conventional furnaces. Geothermal heat pumps are economically viable essentially anywhere in the world.

In theory, geothermal energy (usually cooling) can also be extracted from existing infrastructure, such as municipal water pipes.

Ground-source heat pumps
In regions without any high temperature geothermal resources, a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) can provide space heating and space cooling. Like a refrigerator or air conditioner, these systems use a heat pump to force the transfer of heat from the ground to the building. Heat can be extracted from any source, no matter how cold, but a warmer source allows higher efficiency. A ground-source heat pump uses the shallow ground or ground water (typically starting at 10 - 12 C) as a source of heat, thus taking advantage of its seasonally moderate temperatures. In contrast, an air source heat pump draws heat from the air (colder outside air) and thus requires more energy.

GSHPs circulate a carrier fluid (usually a mixture of water and small amounts of antifreeze) through closed pipe loops buried in the ground. Single-home systems can be "vertical loop field" systems with bore holes 50 - 400 ft deep or, if adequate land is available for extensive trenches, a "horizontal loop field" is installed approximately six feet subsurface. As the fluid circulates underground it absorbs heat from the ground and, on its return, the warmed fluid passes through the heat pump which uses electricity to extract heat from the fluid. The re-chilled fluid is sent back into the ground thus continuing the cycle. The heat extracted and that generated by the heat pump appliance as a byproduct is used to heat the house. The addition of the ground heating loop in the energy equation means that significantly more heat can be transferred to a building than if electricity alone had been used directly for heating.

Switching the direction of heat flow, the same system can be used to circulate the cooled water through the house for cooling in the summer months. The heat is exhausted to the relatively cooler ground (or groundwater) rather than delivering it to the hot outside air as an air conditioner does. As a result, the heat is pumped across a larger temperature difference and this leads to higher efficiency and lower energy use.

This technology makes ground source heating economically viable in any geographical location. In 2004, an estimated million ground-source heat pumps with a total capacity of 15 GW extracted 88 PJ of heat energy for space heating. Global ground-source heat pump capacity is growing by 10% annually.

History

Hot springs have been used for bathing at least since Paleolithic times. The oldest known spa is a stone pool on China's Mount Li built in the Qin dynasty in the 3rd century BC, at the same site where the Huaqing Chi palace was later built. Geothermal energy supplied channeled district heating for baths and houses in Pompeii around 0 AD. In the first century AD, Romans conquered Aquae Sulis in England and used the hot springs there to feed public baths and underfloor heating. The admission fees for these baths probably represents the first commercial use of geothermal power. A 1,000-year-old hot tub has been located in Iceland, where it was built by one of the island's original settlers. The world's oldest working geothermal district heating system in Chaudes-Aigues, France, has been operating since the 14th century. The earliest industrial exploitation began in 1827 with the use of geyser steam to extract boric acid from volcanic mud in Larderello, Italy.

In 1892, America's first district heating system in Boise, Idaho, was powered directly by geothermal energy, and was soon copied in Klamath Falls, Oregon in 1900. A deep geothermal well was used to heat greenhouses in Boise in 1926, and geysers were used to heat greenhouses in Iceland and Tuscany at about the same time. Charlie Lieb developed the first downhole heat exchanger in 1930 to heat his house. Steam and hot water from the geysers began to be used to heat homes in Iceland in 1943.

By this time, Lord Kelvin had already invented the heat pump in 1852, and Heinrich Zoelly had patented the idea of using it to draw heat from the ground in 1912. But it was not until the late 1940s that the geothermal heat pump was successfully implemented. The earliest one was probably Robert C. Webber's home-made 2.2 kW direct-exchange system, but sources disagree as to the exact timeline of his invention. J. Donald Kroeker designed the first commercial geothermal heat pump to heat the Commonwealth Building (Portland, Oregon) and demonstrated it in 1946. Professor Carl Nielsen of Ohio State University built the first residential open loop version in his home in 1948. The technology became popular in Sweden as a result of the 1973 oil crisis, and has been growing slowly in worldwide acceptance since then. The 1979 development of polybutylene pipe greatly augmented the heat pump's economic viability. Since 2000, a compelling body of research has been dedicated to numerically evidence the advantages and efficiency of using CO2, alternative to water, as heat transmission fluid for geothermal energy recovery from enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) where the permeability of the underground source is enhanced by hydrofracturing. As of 2004, there are over one million geothermal heat pumps installed worldwide providing 12 GW of thermal capacity. Each year, about 80,000 units are installed in the US and 27,000 in Sweden.

Economics

Geothermal energy is a type of renewable energy that encourages conservation of natural resources. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, geo-exchange systems save homeowners 30–70 percent in heating costs, and 20–50 percent in cooling costs, compared to conventional systems. Geo-exchange systems also save money because they require much less maintenance. In addition to being highly reliable they are built to last for decades.

Some utilities, such as Kansas City Power and Light, offer special, lower winter rates for geothermal customers, offering even more savings.

Geothermal drilling risks

In geothermal heating projects the underground is penetrated by trenches or drillholes. As with all underground work, projects may cause problems if the geology of the area is poorly understood.

In the spring of 2007 an exploratory geothermal drilling operation was conducted to provide geothermal heat to the town hall of Staufen im Breisgau. After initially sinking a few millimeters, a process called subsidence, the city center has started to rise gradually causing considerable damage to buildings in the city center, affecting numerous historic houses including the town hall. It is hypothesized that the drilling perforated an anhydrite layer bringing high-pressure groundwater to come into contact with the anhydrite, which then began to expand. Currently no end to the rising process is in sight. Data from the TerraSAR-X radar satellite before and after the changes confirmed the localised nature of the situation:

A geochemical process called anhydrite swelling has been confirmed as the cause of these uplifts. This is a transformation of the mineral anhydrite (anhydrous calcium sulphate) into gypsum (hydrous calcium sulphate). A pre-condition for this transformation is that the anhydrite is in contact with water, which is then stored in its crystalline structure.

There are other sources of potential risks, i.e.: cave enlargement or worsening of stability conditions, quality or quantity degradation of groundwater resources, Specific hazard worsening in the case of landslide-prone areas, worsening of rocky mechanical characteristics, soil and water pollution (i.e. due to antifreeze additives or polluting constructive and boring material). The design defined on the base of site-specific geological, hydrogeological and environmental knowledge prevent all these potential risks.

title: Geothermal heating


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Talk:Magic Johnson

25 million deal - 1981 or 1984
Started to translate this article. Here is a first question: Regards, --X-Weinzar (talk) 23:49, 11 May 2009 (UTC)
 * During the off-season, Johnson signed a 25-year, $25 million contract with the Lakers, which was the highest-paying contract in sports history up to that point. ==> The ref says this was 1984, not 1981. Also I'd like to see some reference that covers the second part of the sentence.
 * minor prose issue: ...He missed 45 games, and said that ... Johnson returned before the start of the 1981 playoffs, but the Lakers' then-assistant and future head coach Pat Riley later said that...
 * While I'm at it: The Lakers faced the 40–42 Houston Rockets in the Well, certainly nice to have that record but to put it into perspective it would be nice to have the Lakers' record too.
 * Thanks for taking the time to translate, and point out the errors, which I think I've fixed. Good luck on your translation. Noble Story (talk • contributions) 13:50, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Coaching record

 * Thank you, I'm making good progress there. Here's another issue: I'm not sure which source is wrong but someone must be wrong about his coaching career. Nba.com states "The team was fighting for a playoff berth when Johnson assumed the reins, and Los Angeles immediately won five straight. But after the club lost five of its next six outings, Johnson announced that he would not return as coach the following season.". Well, take a look at basketball-reference: Rather looks like the other way around; that he won five out of his first six games but not five straight and then lost all other games. So when exactly did he decide to give up his coaching career? Please investigate this and correct the article accordingly. Regards, --X-Weinzar (talk) 12:40, 7 June 2009 (UTC)

Image with him in uniform
This article will be a featured article in a few days and there's no photo of him in uniform? Are there any free ones out there?DavidRF (talk) 22:47, 11 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Not that I know of... Chensiyuan (talk) 02:12, 12 August 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅ . . . Article now has him rebounding against Larry Bird. Charles Edwin Shipp (talk) 15:06, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

Artikel des Tages
Is this a coincidence? Do you coordinate these things?

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite

 * There is no coordination involved. This is indeed pure coincidence. --Voyager (talk) 08:43, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Ofcourse it is not coincidence.. Today is his birthday :) ... --Reinoutr (talk) 17:02, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

Images
Why isn't there any images of Magic playing in this article? Burningview (talk) 13:48, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * If you can find a free image of him doing so, please put it in. So far, efforts have been fruitless. Dabomb87 (talk) 13:50, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

What about: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rafamado/2717299999/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.123.130.95 (talk) 08:24, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

The image indicates that it is a photo of Magic from 1987, however he is clean shaven in the picture. I am a long-time Lakers fan, and watched Magic play throughout the 1980's. It wasn't until a couple of years later that Magic decided to get rid of the signature goatee that he wore during much of the prime of his career. The following article from SI appears to support that it was indeed the spring of 1989 that he made that change: http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1068404/index.htm

Of course, that doesn't help us specifically identify the date of the photo, but it seems safe to assume that it's from the time period from 1989-1991. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.185.148.90 (talk) 18:35, 24 February 2011 (UTC)

 * ✅ . . . Article now has him rebounding against Larry Bird. Charles Edwin Shipp (talk) 15:10, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

Hidden ad should be removed
Hi, let me first say that I am HIV+ myself and one of the companies mentioned in the article makes one of the drugs that have been saving my life for more than a decade now. None the less I find it irrelevant at best to specify who makes the drugs Magic Johnson takes. To me it is obvious hiding an ad in an article.

The formulation I am talking about is: To prevent his HIV infection from becoming AIDS, Johnson takes a daily combination of drugs from GlaxoSmithKline and Abbott Laboratories.

It could instead have said something like: To prevent his HIV infection from becoming AIDS, Johnson receives combination therapy [with a link to an article on the matter which is: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAART ].

The fact that Magic Johnson is promoting these companies is irrelevant to what medication he takes. These two subjects doesn't belong together. In fact HIV-medication can have very serious and deadly complications and long term adverse affects such as cardiac problems and cancer. Nobody in his right mind takes drugs based on a promotional deal but on sound medical advice. I guess that goes for Magic Johnson as well.

To be clear I don't see any problem mentioning what ever promotion he is involved in like the following setence: He has advertised GlaxoSmithKline's drugs,[92] and partnered with Abbott Laboratories to publicize the fight against AIDS in African American communities.

But I do see a problem in connecting specific companies to whatever his current treatment regime is within a wikipedia article. It is simply not relevant.

(Babediba (talk) 14:50, 14 September 2009 (UTC))

 * Yes check.svg Done Agree, and done. Debresser (talk) 15:25, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

Business Ventures
Why is there nothing here about his entrepreneurship? I have an article backing it up but don't know how best to incorporate it. http://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/entre/2008-12-07-magic-johnson-urban-business_N.htm BenW (talk) 07:10, 20 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Magic Johnson enterprises is briefly mentioned in the "Off the court" section. What kind of details would you like to add? Zagalejo^^^ 07:30, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

Johnson, along with former Ohio State running back Archie Griffin, is an owner of the Cincinnati Reds Class-A affiliate Dayton Dragons minor league baseball team. http://espn.go.com/minor-league-baseball/story/_/id/6796623/dayton-dragons-celebrate-record-sellout-streakJcnewt01 (talk) 04:24, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

In July of 2011, Johnson announced that he would be joining Detroit Venture Partners (DVP) as a general partner. DVP is a Detroit, Michigan based venture capital firm that invests in seed and early-stage technology companies primarily located in the heart of downtown Detroit. Johnson also committed to investing an undisclosed multi-million dollar amount into the investment fund. Alexlinebrink (talk) 13:58, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

25-year contract?!
Are you sure that's the duration of the contract fron 1981? Maybe it's 5-year contract? Please reply me. YHYH (talk) 17:44, 27 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Nope, it's 25 years. Check the source. Dabomb87 (talk) 02:20, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

South Park Episode
Johnson is heavily featured in the AIDS-related story of South Park Season 12, Episode 1 "Tonsil Trouble". Johnson did not himself participate. 70.123.130.95 (talk) 08:18, 12 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Then why is it worth mentioning? Dabomb87 (talk) 13:57, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Jersey Retirement
I added Magic's jersey retirement in the infobox as it is in Kareem's, but Kareem may be a special case since his jersey was retired *by two teams*. LUxlii (talk) 16:42, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

NBA Statistics - Career highs
In this section, Magic is listed as having had 5 blocks against the San Antonio Spurs on Dec 23, 1986. However, he played Sacramento that night as shown by the other career highs he had on Dec 23rd, 1986 in Sacramento and on http://www.sacbee.com/2011/02/23/3425613/gallery-the-sacramento-kings-greatest.html This page lists him as having 0 blocks that night. Could anyone find out if he had his 5 blocks against San Antonio on a different night? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.82.163.19 (talk) 20:19, 16 April 2011 (UTC)
 * You might want to ask Hoops gza. Zagal e jo^^^ 05:21, 17 April 2011 (UTC)

Dream Team
I followed one of the links to "Dream Team" and didn't find what I was looking for. These should be changed to point to 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team instead, since that is an article about, well, the Dream Team. 178.73.222.119 (talk) 14:05, 26 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Fixed, thanks. Zagal e jo^^^ 19:15, 26 June 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from, 11 October 2011
Rivalry with Magic Johnson Johnson and Larry Bird were first linked as rivals after Johnson's Michigan State squad defeated Bird's Indiana State team in the 1979 NCAA finals. The rivalry continued in the NBA, and reached its climax when Boston and Los Angeles met in three out of four NBA Finals from 1984 to 1987. Johnson asserted that for him, the 82-game regular season was composed of 80 normal games, and two Lakers–Celtics games. Similarly, Bird admitted that Johnson's daily box score was the first thing he checked in the morning.[80] Several journalists hypothesized that the Johnson–Bird rivalry was so appealing because it represented many other contrasts, such as the clash between the Lakers and Celtics, between Hollywood flashiness ("Showtime") and Boston/Indiana blue collar grit ("Celtic Pride"), and between blacks and whites.[109][110] The rivalry was also significant because it drew national attention to the faltering NBA. Prior to Johnson and Bird's arrival, the NBA had gone through a decade of declining interest and low TV ratings.[111] With the two future Hall of Famers, the league won a whole generation of new fans,[112] drawing both traditionalist adherents of Bird's dirt court Indiana game and those appreciative of Johnson's public park flair. Sports journalist Larry Schwartz of ESPN asserted that Johnson and Bird saved the NBA from bankruptcy.[12] Despite their on-court rivalry, Johnson and Bird became close friends during the filming of a 1984 Converse shoe advertisement that depicted them as enemies.[113][114] Johnson appeared at Bird's retirement ceremony in 1992, and described Bird as a "friend forever";[80] during Johnson's Hall of Fame ceremony, Bird formally inducted his old rival.[112]

24.104.32.5 (talk) 19:56, 11 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please be more specific about what needs to be changed. — Bility (talk) 21:29, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

QUESTION: This section of TALK is now olde; where do we stand? Just asking, Charles Edwin Shipp (talk) 12:35, 30 March 2012 (UTC)
 * QUICK-ANSWER: I just took a quick read of the writing here (rather good, very informative) and then looked for writing in the Article about the friendship of Magic-Bird, not finding it. The edit request to include what was suggested has merit, especially the last few sentences here. Charles Edwin Shipp (talk) 12:44, 30 March 2012 (UTC) PS: The links would need to be re=checked.

Errors in article - poorly written
To name but a few errors - Sexton High School was never ALL-black (African-American) nor ALL-white (caucasian), instead, perhaps it was "largely" or "significantly" one or the other (stay away from absolutes unless you know that it was indeed 100% this or that)... very sloppy and misleading draftsmanship. Another issue - Magic Johnson did not "return" to the Breslin Center as it did not exist when he was at MSU. It was built a decade after he left. It is fair to say that he "returned to MSU to play at the Breslin Center..." but not that he returned to his old arena which the Breslin Center is not. I have not taken a closer look but, if I did, I am confident that I would find other errors or sloppy details in this article... Please correct.

In the barnstorming section, it reads that he both played with the Canberra Cannons, and also defeated them. In fact, they defeated the Michigan State Spartans. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.7.109.198 (talk) 14:34, 13 May 2014 (UTC)

Any article issues here?
Other than one dead link, is the current version flawed right now? --George Ho (talk) 08:28, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Can you be more specific on what you are concerned with?—Bagumba (talk) 17:23, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
 * No major concerns as of now. I just hope that there aren't any other BLP and sourcing issues here, especially in general. --George Ho (talk) 20:50, 6 April 2013 (UTC

 * I was so disappointed that there is nothing written about Mr. Johnson's personal life as a man. Is he married? When did he get married and to whom? Has he ever divorced?  How many children does he have and when were they born?  Is his parents still alive?  How has life been for him as a family man?  It would be a wonderful article to have included this information for the reader to learn that regardless of Magic Johnson's health status he has been able to fulfill his life in other ways than just being a promiscuous pro basketball player and how he has invested his earnings.
 * There actually is an Off the court section, which has a good deal of information on his personal life and business interests in its various subsections. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 01:20, 9 September 2018 (UTC)

Missing details
There seems to be more content and game specifics regarding his touring with Magic Johnson All-Stars than, say, his 85–86 MVP season. A bit surprising for an FA the less-than-comprehensive details here. Even his college-like enthusiasm in his first NBA game is missing, and his close relationship with Jerry Buss.—Bagumba (talk) 21:50, 11 April 2013 (UTC)

Magic Johnson's siblings
Is there a good source for the actual number of Magic's siblings. I have seen from 6 to 9 brothers and sisters for him.[[D-free]] (talk) 23:05, 23 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Here, he is quoted as saying "I had seven brothers and sisters." Zagal e jo^^^ 00:42, 24 May 2013 (UTC)
 * You know, the more I look at this, the more confused I get. I typed in some of his siblings' names and found a relevant passage in Johnson's own biography: . From there, it would appear that he is one of seven children, not including the stepchildren. I wonder if he was misquoted in the article I linked to earlier. I think I would give more weight to the book. Zagal e jo^^^ 21:02, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

Claims of 1,000 to 20,000
Magic has claimed he has had sexual intercourse with somewhere between 1,000 and 20,000 women. This deserves a mention as people may mistakenly paint this saintly picture of him and because it will explain better why his chances of contracting HIV were much higher than that of an average person.

50/50 HIV test
Is it possible that Johnson was misdiagnosed due the 50/50 accuracy of the HIV test?Gnostics (talk) 16:32, 7 September 2014 (UTC)

bravery?
It says in the lead, his "bravery" was commended. This is a very subjective term. Whether he was brave or not is completely one's opinion. This should be rephrased.--2607:FB90:2305:60CA:0:4D:6F26:9701 (talk) 01:55, 14 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Magic Johnson. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090121165849/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com:80/basketball/nba/1999/jordan_retires/news/1999/01/13/jordan_greatest/ to http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/1999/jordan_retires/news/1999/01/13/jordan_greatest/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:21, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

Lawsuit
Why is there no mention of Doe V. Johnson where he was sued by Jane Doe after having sex without informing her he was HIV positive?

128.230.143.35 (talk) 17:42, 15 September 2015 (UTC)Rybread18
 * Feel free to cite reliable sources supporting the change you are proposing.—Bagumba (talk) 17:48, 15 September 2015 (UTC)

http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cases/STDs/doe%20v%20johnson.htm — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.230.143.35 (talk) 12:57, 25 September 2015 (UTC)

Category:African-American Christians
Could someone please add the category African-American Christians to the page? Thank you. - 108.71.133.201 (talk) 22:59, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

Board membership
I just found out that "Magic" is on the Board of Directors of Square Inc. Maybe you should consider adding this to the article

WikiEditCrunch (talk) 15:02, 7 November 2015 (UTC)Kind Regards WEC

Suggested revisions
As this FA page is locked, the following two suggested revisions cannot be made

The first, of the Michigan State University section, is both consistent with how Johnson's freshman season there was treated and legitimate on its own merits.

[ NB: All facts added are from the 1978–79 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team page. Please note that existing wikilinks in the affected paragraph do not appear below due to a simple cut & paste here from the Magic Johnson page (since an editable form of the active content cannot be reached). An internal link has been added for Larry Bird, his 1st mention in the body of the article; the wikilink to his name in a subsequent section on the Dream Team should be removed. ]

The passage affected by the suggested revision is highlighted in italics:

 * During the 1978–79 season, Michigan State went 26-6 and tied for the Big Ten title. Ranked #3 by the AP at season's end, they swept through the early rounds of the NCAA Tournament en route to the championship game against an undefeated #1 ranked Indiana State team led by senior Larry Bird. In what was the most-watched college basketball game ever,[32] the Spartans defeated the 33-0 Sycamores 75–64, and Johnson was voted Most Outstanding Player of the Final Four.[23] After two years in college, during which he averaged 17.1 points, 7.6 rebounds, and 7.9 assists per game, Johnson entered the 1979 NBA draft.[33]

Also, rather than simply correcting an error in the content of the final passage of the original paragraph previously pointed out here - something of a non sequitur in the flow of the article - it is recommended the item's highlight be relocated here, where the topic is already referenced under the Magic Johnson All-Stars heading.

The affected passage is highlighted in italics:

 * Determined to play competitive basketball despite being out of the NBA, Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars, a barnstorming team composed of former NBA and college players. In 1994 Johnson joined with former pros Reggie Theus, John Long, Earl Cureton, and Lester Conner, as his team played games in Australia, Israel, South America, Europe, New Zealand, and Japan. They also toured the United States, playing five games against teams from the CBA. In the final game of the CBA series, Magic Johnson had 30 points, 17 rebounds, and 13 assists, leading the All-Stars to a 126–121 victory over the Oklahoma City Cavalry.[118] By the time he returned to the Lakers in 1996, the Magic Johnson All-Stars had amassed a record of 55–0, and Johnson was earning as much as $365,000 per game.[26] Johnson played with the team frequently over the next several years, with possibly the most memorable game occurring in November, 2001. Magic, at the age of 42, played with the All-Stars against his alma mater, Michigan State. Although he had appeared in a celebrity game honoring retiring head coach Jud Heathcoate in 1995[34] - leading all scorers with 39 points - this was Johnson's first meaningful game played in his hometown of Lansing in 22 years. Playing in front of a sold out arena, Johnson had a triple-double and played the entire game, but his all-star team lost to the Spartans by two points. Johnson's half court shot at the buzzer would have won the game, but it fell short.[119][120] On November 1, 2002 Johnson returned to play a second exhibition game against Michigan State. Playing with the Canberra Cannons of Australia's National Basketball League instead of his usual group of players, Johnson's team defeated the Spartans 104–85, as he scored 12 points, with 10 assists and 10 rebounds.[121]

Any assistance on these two edits would be most helpful. 71.233.84.208 (talk) 19:25, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

Position
I am going to remove the position "power forward" as Johnson was overwhelmingly known as a point hard. He occasionally lined up at the 4, but in truth he played briefly at all 5 positions on the court. But he's rightly known as one of the best point guards ever, and as someone who redefined the position. Rikster2 (talk) 22:14, 5 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Offical biography he did play as power forward in last season, returning and adding reference. Snake bgd 01:06, 21 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree with the point of the original change that Magic is primarily a point guard, save for roughly 30 games (his last season) of a 900-game career.—Bagumba (talk) 08:55, 21 February 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 June 2016
In 2016 Johnson endorsed democratic candidate Hillary Clinton for president via Twitter tweeting out a picture of himself and his wife with the candidate saying "My wife @cjbycookie and I with the next President of the United States"

65.130.211.163 (talk) 15:23, 7 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Datbubblegumdoe[talk – contribs] 02:17, 8 June 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 October 2016
Magiccjohhnson (talk) 21:17, 12 October 2016 (UTC) CAN I EDIT its important thx
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. — Andy W.  ( talk  · ctb) 21:32, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

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Featured article review
As editors here are agreed that the article fails two of the Featured article criteria (1b comprehensiveness and 2b structure), should the article be taken to Featured article review? DrKay (talk) 10:56, 19 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I'll take a shot at making the necessary improvements. The tagged section would seem to be the one that really needs beefing up. While I'm not sure how much detail is appropriate for a two-year executive career, we should at least have a real paragraph on the subject. As for the structure, I think the main issue that was indirectly referred to in a past edit summary is that the "Outside basketball" section has a lot of small subsections that appear stubby. I can understand why one would believe that organization is lacking there. A major improvement can be made by combining some of the smaller subsections. The smallest ones all appear to be connected to his ownership interests in sports teams, so that is where I'll focus my initial efforts. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 00:24, 20 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I also wonder if the "Relationship with Jerry Buss" section would be better integrated into other revelevant sections as opposed to being a standalone.—Bagumba (talk) 03:15, 20 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I was thinking the same thing. That sounds like a fit for the Outside basketball section as well. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 15:18, 21 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I've expanded the formerly tagged section a bit and made the structure of the article more logical. That should take care of the major concerns raised here. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 19:18, 28 April 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 June 2020
I think that we should add the nickname on the sidebar. TheJackBasket777 (talk) 17:38, 4 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.  JTP (talk • contribs) 17:54, 4 June 2020 (UTC)

First paragraph
Can one of y’all substitute the 2nd sentence for this: “Johnson was rated the greatest NBA point guard of all time by ESPN in 2007.”[6] Or just incorporate that statement so the audience can see it first when they look up Magic Johnson. AfroWorld33 (talk) 07:44, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Welcome to Wikipedia. I believe you should have permission now to edit the article yourself. That being said, it's probably too limiting to be in the lead as stated per WP:INTEXT, as I believe he's widely considered the top PG, not just by ESPN. The  Career achievements section should be updated and sourced to reflect that too.—Bagumba (talk) 08:27, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I made the statement in the lead more general and added another point guard ranking to the body to give the lead sentence a stronger foundation. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 18:25, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

Awards and honors
Why are we removing the list of awards and honors received by Magic Johnson - especially when each and every one of them were sourced?

Looks to me like just has a personal issue with me, and thinks that he is better than me...this is just like the Cavs article...he flipped out over my edits there too. Vjmlhds (talk) 14:41, 20 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Long story short, the only reason removed them to start with is because he felt they weren't sourced sufficiently...OK, fair point, so I did what I was asked to do and find references, and after doing a little homework, I made sure all the bases were covered, and that seemed to settle things with Giants2008.  There was was no dispute with Giants2008 - he just told me to fix what he felt needed fixing, and that was reasonable enough.  Then Sabbatino comes out of nowhere and blows it up, essentially saying "leave it out because I said so".  That doesn't fly...if someone wants to remove perfectly sourced material, they have to come up with a legitimate reason.  Giants2008 had an issue with the sourcing, so I took his advice and fixed it...that's fine.  Sabbatino removing it just to play "big man on campus" - that's something else entirely. Vjmlhds (talk) 15:05, 20 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Bottom line is this, if you remove something and have a specific reason for doing so (references or whatever else), I'll listen to that all day long, because all you're doing is saying "you can be better", and that's fine. If you remove something just to try your weight around and say "Me boss!", then we're gonna have an issue. Vjmlhds (talk) 15:24, 20 December 2020 (UTC)
 * You are supposed to follow WP:BRD, which clearly says that you must start a discussion when you are reverted. And has reverted your edits, but you reinstated them without even starting the discussion anywhere. So no, I do not have any personal issues with you, because you are going against policies. In addition, I did not "come out of nowhere", because this page is on my Watchlist so I see every edit made when I check my Watchlist. Furthermore, get familiar with what WP:PERSONAL is, because that is a completely different thing than you are implying. What you are doing here is WP:HOUNDING, because you singled me out more than once in this post so I advise you to stop. – Sabbatino (talk) 15:40, 20 December 2020 (UTC)

If anybody is hounding anybody, you are hounding me. I find it very interesting that any time I make an edit to a basketball related article, you are right there almost in my back pocket coming out of the weeds and instantly reverting me. It almost feels like you appointed yourself the Big Daddy Grand Poobah of all basketball articles, and no one else can play in your sandbox. And you can quote WP:whatever all day long...street smarts and the smell test say it's you who has an issue with me because I dare to enter your "kingdom". Vjmlhds (talk) 17:20, 20 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Me and you have three pages in common that we both edited in the last month so no, I am not "coming out of the weeds and instantly reverting you". The fact that I have many pages on my Watchlist does not mean that I am following someone. In addition, I patrol basketball-related pages daily. You never discussed the issues with so do not make it seem like I am responsible for your failure to start a discussion when it was needed. You should really go get some fresh air and WP:COOLdown, because all you have been doing since the start of this "discussion" is making WP:PERSONAL attacks towards me. Should you continue making personal attacks (for which you were blocked more than once) then you will be reported and I hope your block will be permanent this time. – Sabbatino (talk) 19:41, 20 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Giants2008 told me what he thought needed to be done in his edit summary, and I did it. Just because we didn't have a formal "by the book" discussion on the talk page, doesn't mean that we didn't discuss the matter. Vjmlhds (talk) 20:06, 20 December 2020 (UTC)
 * BTW...when you tell somebody that you hope they get blocked permanently, how is that not a personal attack? That is wishing ill will on someone by basically telling them "I hope you get yours."  Vjmlhds (talk) 20:43, 20 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Discussion "by the book" is supposed to happen so no, you did not discuss anything. In addition, I am not going to comment here until you get familiar with WP:PERSONAL, because you clearly do not understand the policy. – Sabbatino (talk) 04:57, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
 * You are the one who needs to read up on WP:Personal, as it states "There is no rule that is objective and not open to interpretation on what constitutes a personal attack" - basically meaning it's in the eye of the beholder. Now when you say you hope I get blocked permanently, I don't think I'm out of line in thinking it's a personal dig at me.  Like I said before, it's like saying to someone "I hope you get yours". Vjmlhds (talk) 05:09, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 December 2020
Change 10 NBA championships to 11. Magic Johnson has 11 NBA Championships as of 12/26/2020 per his latest Instagram and Twitter posts, not 10 as the page currently says. https://twitter.com/MagicJohnson/status/1342897649532416001 Caleb.longenecker1 (talk) 21:30, 26 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Melmann 00:19, 27 December 2020 (UTC)
 * We would want an independent source. At any rate, he apparently got a ring for the 2020 championship, but he had left the team after 2018–19. I wouldn't equate winning a championship as being synonymous with receiving a ring.—Bagumba (talk) 03:03, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

Weight
How can a big strapping guy who is 6-9" tall weigh only 220 lbs? That does not make sense. Cullen328  Let's discuss it  08:02, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * The same way Manute Bol who was 7ft 6in and weighed only 200 lb. So what is your point? This is WP:NOTFORUM to raise such questions. – Sabbatino (talk) 09:06, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * In fairness, I couldn't see where the weight was sourced in the article, so I went ahead and added a cite to the infobox to back up the figure. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 17:34, 2 March 2021 (UTC)

"one of the greatest"
I see that you restored text to the lead that Johnson is "generally considered to be one of the greatest players in NBA history". To the casual reader, it's redundant to him being in the Hall of Fame or being named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. I'm going to guess that you're trying to imply that he's in the top-5 or 10 or on the "Mount Rushmore" of basketball, but that's not how that reads. More nuanced rankings, outside of saying someone is "the greatest", are probably better explained in the body, rather than repeating what being in the HOF or among the 50 Greatest already implies.03:54, 7 February 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 February 2021
Under NBA legacy, it is stated that Johnson is second all time in triple-doubles only to Oscar Robertson but on October 26th 2019 Johnson was surpassed by Russell Westbrook. 67.193.76.146 (talk) 00:17, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. ◢  Ganbaruby!   (Say hi!) 01:17, 25 February 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 2 May 2021
i need to edit this page 108.31.249.125 (talk) 16:58, 2 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate.—Bagumba (talk) 17:36, 2 May 2021 (UTC)

Political affiliation query.
Greetings:

I see under POLITICS that

"Johnson is a supporter of the Democratic Party. In 2006, he publicly endorsed Phil Angelides for Governor of California."

There is no mention of Johnson's political affiliation from before 2006. In a Washington Post article about conservatives who are now touting a specious comparison of NBA player Kyrie Irving's refusal to get C-19 vaccination with Magic Johnson's playing basketball in the 1990s with HIV, one of the reader commenters wrote that Johnson used to be a Republican. Is there information about this? He has never sounded like one to me whenever I've seen him speak about politics.

Thank you for your time, Wordreader (talk) 00:53, 16 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I did a Google search for "Magic Johnson Republican" and couldn't find any obvious support for the claim in question, or anything saying he changed his party affiliation. In fairness, political stuff is a bit above my pay grade, so I didn't study the issue too deeply. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 01:44, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

Championships as a minority owner
I'm gonna post on the talkpages of NBA and NFL projects since this can potentially impact both projects to refer to this. For athletes like Magic, Aaron Rodgers, and Russell Wilson who have all purchased minority stakes in professional sports teams who won a championship during their minority ownership, should these championships be included in career highlights section of the infobox and/or the awards section along with championships won in their sports, MVPs, all-star games/pro bowls, etc.? I posted a discussion on NFL talk a while back and got no response and had a borderline edit war with another editor after another editor who added these things to Aaron Rodgers page after the Bucks won the finals and we didn't go anywhere trying to discuss this. I've seen other editors remove these things indicating some editors don't think they should be included. My argument against these inclusions is minority ownership in a sports team is literally no different than investing in stocks. You invest a little bit of money and can get some back based on profits. Minority owners rarely, if ever, have any say in roster, front office, and coaching staff decisions. It's also not even clear, from what I can find, if minority owners get championship rings. Should it be mentioned in the article period? Of course, but it should be left in sections talking about the investment, not in places discussing their playing or coaching accomplishments. Now this obviously doesn't apply to someone like Michael Jordan who is the primary owner and makes roster and personnel decisions, just specifically minority owners. I feel this should be established now as minority stakes seem to be a popular investment for athletes now.-- Rockchalk 717 22:36, 11 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I support your removal. Per MOS:INFOBOXPURPOSE: The less information it contains, the more effectively it serves that purpose, allowing readers to identify key facts at a glance. A championship as a minority owner is rarely defining. As part of the lead, its inclusion would also run contrary to MOS:LEADBIO: The lead section should summarise the life and works of the person with due weight.—Bagumba (talk) 08:25, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Agree with Rockchalk717 and Bagumba. The other athletes that come to my mind are Shaquille O'Neal and Dwyane Wade. – Sabbatino (talk) 17:10, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
 * What about in the Awards and honors section? That was the bigger question to me.-- Rockchalk 717 23:29, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Nobody is arguing that titles won as a minority owner shouldn't go in infoboxes...I'm with all of you there. The issue seems to be that Rockchalk wants to just completely wipe them out of existence and not even mention them in an awards and honors section.  In the cases of Magic, Rogers, and Wilson, there are sources verifying the claims they all have to titles won in their "side gigs".  We're getting into a debate of editors' personal feelings over what makes a champion.  If the statement is made that Aaron Rodgers is an NBA Champion via his ownership stakes in the Bucks, and there are a half dozen sources backing it up, then some random Wikipedia editor can't say he isn't just because it doesn't match his qualifications.  In Magic's case, he himself counts his ownership rings amongst his lifetime accomplishments, again, with verification he does indeed do so.  Rockchalk (or any other editor...not trying to pick on him specifically, but he is the one who brought it up) can't erase things because they don't match his criteria - that is WP:OR.  If there are sources to back up the claim of minority owners getting credited as champions, then that's it, they're champions...not Wiki's job to decide who is and isn't a champion.  Someone is credited as a champion, and there are good reliable sources backing it up, that should be ballgame, otherwise it comes down to the whims of editors based on what they think makes a champion ("Screw the sources...I say otherwise") - kind of an anti-Wiki way of thinking, no? Vjmlhds (talk) 01:14, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Let me address awards and honors sections specifically just so we're all clear. Those sections merely denote achievements and accolades one has attained throughout their life.  Two things matter - is one credited with an accomplishment, and can it be verified?  If the answer to both questions are yes, then the argument ends.  Rockchalk's issue seems to be how Rogers, Magic, and Wilson got their titles with their "side projects".  When it comes to merely listing awards or accolades, the how really is irrelevant, all that is relevant is does one have the hardware, and can you prove it.   Look at Blaine Gabbert...he's the backup quarterback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.  Last year he played in only 3 games and threw 6 passes in garbage time - yet he is credited with a Super Bowl ring just the same as Tom Brady is.  Should Gabbert not be credited with a ring because he really didn't do anything to contribute to it?  It's the same as these people who have small stakes in these teams.  Because they have a piece of the team, they get a ring and get credited as being a champion when the team wins a title.  As long as the claim can be verified, then they are champions, and no amount of personal spin some random Wikipedia editor says can change that.  When the argument boils down to one's personal qualifications about what makes a champion, the argument ends, because it stops being about what references and sources say, and more about pushing their own beliefs.  Can't have that.  Like I said, keep them out of infoboxes all day long...fine and dandy, but in a broader awards and honor section, which merely denotes the hardware, it most certainly belongs - it's an accolade, it was achieved, and it can be verified. For Wiki, that should be it.  Everything else is personal opinion. Vjmlhds (talk) 02:02, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
 * And to tie up some other issues - MOS:INFOBOXPURPOSE doesn't apply here because no one is trying to include anything in the infobox...keep it out, fine by me. MOS:LEADBIO is not an issue because leads should just be a quick primer anyway, so if you don't want to include certain things in the lead, then all good here.  But to not include accolades in an awards and honors section in the meat of the article (usually towards the end) - the purpose of which IS to note accolades achieved in one's lifetime - just because one doesn't like how one achieves said accolade goes against WP:NPOV and has inklings of WP:OR ("Though the sources say X is credited as a champion I say he isn't because it doesn't meet my criteria of what makes a champion."). When you have arguments like "Well Michael Jordan should get credit because he's more involved, but Magic/Rodgers/Wilson shouldn't because they're less involved", then we get into the realm of personal opinions/criteria.  Just look at the Brady/Gabbert analogy...one certainly did more than the other to win the ring, but both get credited with the ring equally.  Just how life works - if you get credited with doing something, and have verifiable proof to back it up, then it's game over, you get the credit.  Everything else is purely subjective, which last I checked is something which should be avoided around these parts. Vjmlhds (talk) 03:33, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Yet again you are failing to understand my objections. You keep talking about "dozens of sources calling him an NBA champion" but seem to completely and totally miss that I'm saying they had literally nothing to do with championships. Minority ownership is nothing more or nothing less than an investment, again just like the example I used on my talkpage as my owning stock with my employer. Bagumba even stated " A championship as a minority owner is rarely defining". That is an admin agreeing with my points. You're staying that I'm trying to "erase" the championships when I explicitly said multiple times I don't object them being mentioned in the article. My objections are being included like they're an equal accomplishment to the athlete's accomplishments as an athlete. Can you even verify they received a championship ring as a minority owner? As far as I know, they do not receive one and therefor should not receive equal mention as their accomplishments as a player.-- Rockchalk 717 06:00, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

If you were looking for verification, you must not have looked very far, because here's Russell Wilson's ring from the Seattle Sounders after winning the MLS Cup...BTW the reference is in Wilson's article. And if you actually look through Aaron Rodgers' and Magic Johnson's articles instead of just blindly deleting things, you'd see those references to verify the rings. You are just proving my point...the accolades achieved in their side jobs don't meet your standards of what a championship is. Not Wiki's job to decide what title is more important than others. Do they have the award, and can you prove it - everything else is irrelevant, because it's all subjective. Vjmlhds (talk) 13:36, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
 * There might be other coverage, but the Sounders' website is not WP:INDEPENDENT.—Bagumba (talk) 02:53, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Ask, and ye shall receive - here's a story from USA Today talking about Wilson getting a ring from the Sounders Vjmlhds (talk) 04:15, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

For Magic Johnson, assuming the owner championships meet WP:DUE, it seems promotional to combine as "10-time NBA champion (five as a player, five as owner/executive", as oppose to solely individual listings by role.—Bagumba (talk) 02:50, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Here's a story from ABC News where they credit Magic as a 10-time NBA champion, so giving him credit for 10 is something that is in the stratosphere. Vjmlhds (talk) 04:15, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Are there others? A one-time reference is probably not WP:DUE, though at least it's not WP:OR.—Bagumba (talk) 04:59, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Here it is straight out of the horse's mouth, and one other outside source for good measure. Also if you hadn't seen it, I added a USA Today article about Russell Wilson (in the part where the discussion focused on him) Vjmlhds (talk) 05:07, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The horse isn't independent, and I'm not familiar enough with Essentially Sports to call it an WP:RS. Basically, if there's another RS, I wouldn't oppose "10-time" for Magic, but others might think differently. Cheers.—Bagumba (talk) 05:17, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

 * How's this? Vjmlhds (talk) 05:22, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

another log on the fire Vjmlhds (talk) 05:31, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Regarding the high school site and Bar Down, the policy WP:REDFLAG advises caution for Surprising or apparently important claims not covered by multiple mainstream sources—Bagumba (talk) 05:41, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I thought I was ready to respond but I'm too annoyed by 's constant misunderstanding of the points I'm trying to make and acting like I'm trying to remove any mention of the championships. I don't want to let my frustrations get in the way of having a productive discussion. I'll check back in on this tomorrow evening.-- Rockchalk 717 06:18, 16 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I understand your points perfectly - in your mind, championships won as a minority owner aren't equal to those won as a player because of the difference in hands on involvement, and shouldn't be listed in the same breath. My point is that none of that matters, because if they are credited with getting a ring, and the sources back it up, then it's game - set - match.  Wikipedia as a whole and Wikpedians individually don't get to set the standard for the value of a championship - not our job, and not our place.  Aaron Rodgers' contributions to the Bucks are chipping in a few bucks (pardon the pun) and buying a small piece of the team.  I'm not arguing that.  However, that is enough for him to be credited as being an NBA Champion with the Bucks, and the sources back it up.  Likewise Russel Wilson and the Sounders, ditto Magic Johnson with the Dodgers and Sparks (and his Laker rings as an owner/exec).  That's why these guys do this...to fluff up their resumes.  They chip in a few bucks to buy small pieces of these teams, so they can put "Co-owner of the Walla-Walla Walruses" next to their name, and if the teams win a title, they can get a ring due to being a part owner.  Great gig if you can get it, and God bless America.  I never said these guys got their fingernails dirty and worked long hours making major decisions.  But that is irrelevant - they do just enough to be able to get a ring if the team does something and the people who do matter (the team itself) makes the call, and it can be verified.  Tom Brady did loads more to get the Buccaneers to the Super Bowl than Blaine Gabbert did, but they both equally get credited with a ring.  Just how life works...some do more tangible work than others, but when the team wins a collective accolade, all get credited equally with a ring.  No amount of getting up on a soapbox and questing for purity is gonna change that.  Long story short - a ring is a ring...doesn't matter how you got it as long as you can flash the bling. Vjmlhds (talk) 15:33, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Here is Magic with his World Series ring from the Dodgers winning the 2020 World Series. You'll see that his wife Cookie also has a ring, and that is due her also having a sliver of ownership in her own right, but to the topic at hand, Magic did get a ring from the Dodgers as a part owner, so when he calls himself a World Series Champion, he has the hardware to prove it. Vjmlhds (talk) 05:16, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I disagree on why athletes but into sports franchises. As I keep saying, it's an investment. It's like, just throwing a random name out there, Kyle Turley investing in a CBD business. It's a way for them to spend their millions and make more millions on top of it with something they are passionate about. That's why some sources actually refer to it as an investment. In fact, the mentions of Patrick Mahomes minority ownership in the Royals and Sporting KC are in a section entitled "sports investments" (I did not add that section myself). I'll tell you what, provide me a reliable source (not some of the ones you passed off as a source when Bagumba asked you for one) that includes minority ownership championships with their (Magic, Rodgers, Russ) playing accomplishments, and I'll concede and add the championships back myself personally. Because the sources provided in the articles don't include them with their accomplishments or the websites have questionable reliability. Yes the bar down website includes a tweet from Magic himself, but I think that makes it not independent if they are using his tweet for why they are saying that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rockchalk717 (talk • contribs) 05:23, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

Challenge accepted - - Here's 4 regarding Aaron Rodgers (from Yahoo, CBS Sports, ESPN, and NESN - which by the way are all in his article). Here's one from USA Today regarding Russell Wilson and the Sounders, and here's one from ABC News where they credit Magic as a 10-time NBA Champion. Here is Wilson's ring he received from the Sounders... ... and Magic with his World Series ring he got from the Dodgers. All told, that makes 6 mainstream media outlets all recognizing Magic, Rodgers, and Wilson as champions in their side gigs, as well as physical proof that they did get actual rings with their names on them from the teams...outside of signing a contract in blood, what more could you want? Vjmlhds (talk) 05:56, 17 November 2021 (UTC)
 * My general objection still is cases like Magic, summing up titles where an owner is in the same sport he played. No problem listing them by role (player, coach, exec, owner) separately, and not in the lead or infobox. Magic having 10 titles seems to only be in the same ABC source you've mentioned before, failing WP:DUE. Sorry, I don't know how to be clearer, but sources like Amomama.com are not an obvious WP:RS.—Bagumba (talk) 07:02, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Well, here's something interesting...Magic now has 11 rings from the Lakers, as he received one for the 2019-2020 title the team won in the bubble. It details that though Magic wasn't a part of the organization at the time the title was won, as he was the one who convinced LeBron to sign with the team (while still an exec at that point), he got a ring out of respect.  So this article verifies the 10 we've been talking about, and the 11th he got as an "executive emeritus" (for lack of a better term) because he brought #23 to town.  What does that do? Vjmlhds (talk) 13:45, 17 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The concept of equating "rings" with "championships" gets complicated, because teams can give rings to whomever they want. This reminds me of the situation with Anderson Varejão, where people wanted to call him a 2016 champion even though he played against the winning team in that year's finals. The key thing to remember is that we can use some editorial judgement with what we choose to include here. Just because a source exists to support a certain statement doesn't mean we are bound to reflect that statement. The real world doesn't always lend itself to the neat classifications you see in Wikipedia articles. Zagal e jo (talk) 04:38, 18 November 2021 (UTC)
 * "Editorial judgement" = putting one's own interpretation on things, which would contradict WP:NPOV - no? When you say (paraphrasing) "Just because the source says X, doesn't mean we have to abide by it", isn't that just a license to make it a free for all for people's own takes?  The team is considered to have won the championship, and thus the team can then give the rings whoever they feel was part of them getting to the promised land - the old "to the victor goes the spoils" axiom as it were.  So if the team gives you a ring, that signifies they consider you as part of the championship team (regardless of how much tangible work you actually did), and the ring is the physical hardware to represent it.  The whole point of looking for and including sources is to verify claims and statements, so nobody can say you're just pulling stuff out of certain physical orifices.  When you talk about "editorial judgement", that comes off as code for "screw the sources, I say different, because I know better than the sources."  Forget worms, that opens up cans of anacondas that nobody needs (from admins on down), because then it becomes a big ol' pier six fustercluck. Vjmlhds (talk) 05:26, 18 November 2021 (UTC)
 * There is editorial judgement at all levels of Wikipedia. People routinely make decisions about the balance of information in an article, the reliability of sources, etc. There’s not a specific guideline for every situation. Lots of things ultimately get decided because of talk page discussions. Zagal e jo (talk) 05:51, 18 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Per the policy WP:ONUS: While information must be verifiable for inclusion in an article, not all verifiable information must be included. Consensus may determine that certain information does not improve an article. Consensus determines content.—Bagumba (talk) 06:04, 18 November 2021 (UTC)

The whole issue started because on editor didn't view championships credited via ownership (especially minority ownership) on the same level as those as credited via being a player. When you talk about ONUS, that is basically saying that no matter how many sources one provides to verify a claim, we (Wikipedians) decide what can and can't get included based on our own preferences. That in many ways leads to slippery slopes, because if consensus says the sky is yellow and the sun is blue, it doesn't mean it is. A lot of Wiki policies contradict each other, and users then cite whichever one best suits them, and uses it almost as a loophole to void an opposing policy. ONUS contradicts NPOV in that one can insert their own take under the guise of ONUS, NPOV means you are simply stating claims that are made with references to back them up. In many ways, Wikipedia has so many policies, they wind up canceling each other out, which then leaves it up to consensus where the users themselves make calls based on their own viewpoints - kinda like gaming the system. Just wondering...is that how Britannicia works? Truthfully, this didn't need THIS much discussion, because merely listing awards and honors is simply documenting accolades one has attained/been credited with throughout their lives (with the proof to verify it). Wikipedia and especially Wikipedians should not be the arbiters of which ones are more important than others, because it's not our job to do so. Wikpedians can't and shouldn't play judge, jury, executioner, doctor, or God. Our job is to simply find info, make sure it's verifiable, and include it to give the subject of the article the most accurate picture we can. Going into all these other directions is simply us going into lanes we shouldn't. Vjmlhds (talk) 15:08, 18 November 2021 (UTC)

Add "Often compared with Stephen Curry" or not?
Should we add "Often compared with Stephen Curry" in the same sentence in the lead as "He is often regarded as the greatest point guard of all-time." or not? Here are some sources for the comparison.

https://www.sportingnews.com/us/nba/news/magic-johnson-vs-stephen-curry-warriors-lakers-stats/cafi69k0wpymkpoq1a0tsvam

https://fadeawayworld.net/nba/stephen-curry-vs-magic-johnson-career-highs-comparison

https://www.strictlybythenumbers.com/compare/stephen_curry_vs_magic_johnson

https://www.basketballnetwork.net/latest-news/stephen-curry-is-on-track-to-pass-magic-johnson-as-the-greatest-point-guard-of-all-time

Thanks!  MasterMatt12  💬 ● Contributions 16:34, 16 January 2023 (UTC)

"After protests from his fellow players..."
Ambiguous statement in the introduction. Were the players protesting against Johnson (for example, saying he didn't deserve the MVP award) or in support of him (for example, saying he was risking his health by returning to play)? Billfalls (talk) 00:00, 26 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Added a brief clarification in the lead. There probably shouldn't be too much on it in the lead as it is supposed to be a summary of the body, but the extra addition should make it clearer. Giants2008  ( Talk ) 17:17, 21 August 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 August 2023
B&W photo of Pat Riley and Magic Johnson incorrectly identifies the third person in the photo as Jerry West. That individual is not Jerry West, and that citation should be removed. Goyato (talk) 00:24, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. The source the image was taken from says Pat Riley, Earvin "Magic" Johnson and Jerry West at the Century Plaza, Century City, 1989 ARandomName123 (talk)Ping me! 00:32, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Assuming it's this photo, that is Jerry West with Pat Riley and Magic. The source the image comes from says so as well. – Muboshgu (talk) 01:10, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
 * That's not Jerry West. – 2 . O . Boxing  01:12, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is. – Muboshgu (talk) 01:30, 24 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The source is wrong. This was West in 1988, a year before the photo in question. – 2 . O . Boxing  01:44, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

Billionaire
Should be added that he is a billionaire according to Forbes.com & CNN. 65.88.88.56 (talk) 22:09, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

 * It was already at —Bagumba (talk) 04:47, 21 December 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Magic Johnson


text:
User:LinkBot/notes

 * Notes : The article text has not been changed in any way; Some of these suggestions may be wrong, some may be right; Any edits to this page will be lost when LinkBot is next run.

title: User:LinkBot/notes


text:
User:Goulo

I am Russ Williams. Most of my wikipedia work is for the Esperanto version. I used to live in Austin, Texas, US; I recently moved to Wrocław, PL.

eo:Vikipediisto:Goulo pl:User:Goulo simple:User:Goulo

title: User:Goulo


text:
1st Army (Wehrmacht)

The 1st Army (1. Armee) was a World War II field army.

1939
The 1st Army was activated on 26 August 1939, in Wehrkreis XII with General Erwin von Witzleben in command. Its primary mission was to take defensive positions and guard the western defences (West Wall) of Germany against Allied forces along the Maginot Line during the attack on Poland, making it the principal German combatant during the short-lived French Saar Offensive.

1940
During the Western campaign it belonged to the Army Group C and initially remained passive towards the Maginot Line. the 1st Army continued its defensive assignment on the French border until June 1940, when the Battle of France had turned decisively to Germany's favor.

Starting on 14 June 1940, the 1st Army began the penetration of the Maginot Line, breaking through French defenses, it began concentrating its forces in the frontier sector south of Saarbrücken. Another penetration was conducted north of Wörth am Main on 19 June. Beginning on 21 June and until 24 June, the 1st Army participated in the annihilation of the remnants of the French forces in the Moselle and Vosges regions.

After the end of the western campaign, the army remained in France. It secured the demarcation line and then the Atlantic coast (Atlantic Wall) in southwest France until May 1942, when they were moved to Normandy.

1944
After the French capitulation, the 1st Army spent until mid-1944 protecting the Atlantic coast of France from a possible seaborne incursion. At the time of the first Allied Normandy landings on 6 June 1944, the 1st Army, then under Kurt von der Chevallerie was headquartered at Bordeaux and attached to Johannes Blaskowitz's Army Group G at Toulouse, along with 19th Army (Georg von Sodenstern) at Avignon. was pushed back to the western border of the German Reich. and reorganized in Lorraine after a hasty retreat with the rest of the German forces across France, in August 1944, During the battles along the German frontier, the First Army attempted to prevent the Third United States Army from crossing the Moselle River and capturing Metz while also attempting to hold the northern Vosges Mountains against the Seventh United States Army.

In November 1944, both defensive lines were broken and the First Army retreated to the German border and defended the Saarland of Germany, an important industrial region.

1945
With the Third U.S. Army engaged to the north against the German Ardennes Offensive, the 1st Army attacked the Seventh U.S. Army on New Year's Day 1945 in Operation Nordwind, causing the Americans to give ground and inflicting significant casualties where Seventh U.S. Army defensive lines were stretched taut by the length of frontage they had to cover. With the failure of Nordwind in late January, the 1st Army was first pushed back to the Siegfried Line and then forced to retreat across the Rhine River. From March 15 to March 24, 1945 during Operation Undertone, the 7th US Army on a broad front surrounded to the 1st Army near Kaiserslautern. However, when the Allies pierced the German fortifications, they were forced to retreat. Thereafter, the First Army made an ordered withdrawal to the Danube River, and later to Munich. On May 6, 1945, near the Alps, the 1st army surrendered to allied forces.

Chiefs of Staff

 * Generalmajor Friedrich Mieth (26 May 1939 – 5 Feb 1940)
 * Generalmajor Carl Hilpert (5 Feb 1940 – 25 Oct 1940)
 * Oberst Edgar Röhricht (25 Oct 1940 – 16 June 1942; promoted to Generalmajor 1 Feb 1942)
 * Generalmajor Anton-Reichard von Mauchenheim genannt Bechtolsheim (16 June 1942 – 1 Aug 1943)
 * Oberst Gerhard Feyerabend (1 Aug 1943 – 10 Sep 1944; promoted to Generalmajor 1 Feb 1944)
 * Oberst Willi Mantey (10 Sep 1944 – 7 Dec 1944)
 * Oberst Walter Reinhard (7 Dec 1944 – 20 Feb 1945)
 * Generalmajor Wolf Rüdiger Hauser (20 Feb 1945 – 8 May 1945)

title: 1st Army (Wehrmacht)


text:
User:LinkBot/feedback

 * Feedback : I like it, I hate it, Please don't link to

title: User:LinkBot/feedback


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User:Genuinejake

Greetings all, my name is Jake and I'm currently a senior at Bloomsburg University. I stumbled upon Wikipedia searching for a forum that would assist in encyclopedia referencing without having to truch my buns up the library. I became interested in publishing some minute additions in order to represent my school on the web as well as a very fond organization of mine: Democracy Matters, a non-partisan organization which is attempting to secure a Clean Elections bill.

At heart I'm a politics and history guru, but I tend to fall in the moderate center and take a lot of pride in this. I enjoy focusing on each tumultuous decision as it comes up in the current spectrum of political opinion and render my own decision, not that which is of a party platform. If only all Americans could be the same way!

I'm barely a Wikipedia neophyte, so if you find my articles to be garbage or tarnished, feel free to give them a thorough cleaning or send me correspondence.

title: User:Genuinejake


text:
Duke Street Records

Duke Street Records was a Canadian independent record label established in 1984 by Andrew Hermant, but the record label ceased operating in 1994. The Universal Music Group took over the label when it halted operations.

The label released albums in a wide variety of genres by artists such as Art Bergmann, The Front, Jane Siberry, FM, Rik Emmett, Willie P. Bennett, Rob McConnell, Scott Merritt, Chalk Circle, Valdy, Manteca, Don Ross, Eye Eye, Neo A4, and Barbara Lynch.

In 1995, Hermant donated his entire archive of Duke Street material to the Music Archives at the National Library of Canada. This 24-year collection includes over 2,100 audio tapes and a 30 cm stack of textual records, including promotional material and photographs.

title: Duke Street Records


text: User talk:69.193.203.189

title: User talk:69.193.203.189


text:
Rusty Pierce

Rusty Pierce (born July 24, 1979, in The Woodlands, Texas) is an American former professional soccer player who spent eight seasons in Major League Soccer.

College
Pierce played college soccer at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro from 1997 to 1999, appearing in 51 games during his time there. Following his junior season, Pierce signed a Project-40 contract with Major League Soccer, entering the 2000 MLS SuperDraft, where he was selected 14th overall by the New England Revolution.

Professional
As a rookie, Pierce quickly earned a place in the Revolution starting lineup with his tenacious defending, and finished the season second on the team in minutes played, having started in 29 of the team's 32 games. Pierce remained a constant in the New England backline for the next four years when healthy, although injuries limited his playing time in the 2002 and 2004 seasons.

Following the 2004 season, Pierce's impending free agency led the Revolution to leave him unprotected for the 2004 MLS Expansion Draft, where he was selected in the eighth round by Real Salt Lake. After the 2005 season, his rights were traded to the Columbus Crew, where he played 2 years

Following a year out of soccer, during which Pierce founded a financial investment company and worked as a real estate broker in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, Pierce returned to the game in 2009 to play for the Wilmington Hammerheads in the USL Second Division.

International
Pierce has played for United States national team at a number of youth levels, but is uncapped at the senior level.

title: Rusty Pierce


text:
Seiichi Morimura

Seiichi Morimura (森村 誠一) was a Japanese novelist and author, born in Kumagaya. He is best known for the controversial The Devil's Gluttony (悪魔の飽食) (1981), which revealed the atrocities committed by Unit 731 of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).

The Devil's Gluttony was serialized in the Akahata (Japanese Communist Party's newspaper) in 1980, and subsequently published by Kobunsha (光文社), in two volumes in 1981 and 1982. In the ensuing controversy, half of a photograph was discovered to be a fabrication, and Kobunsha subsequently withdrew the book. A second edition was then published by Kadokawa Shoten in 1983 with the controversial photograph removed.

Morimura won the Edogawa Rampo Prize in 1969 for Death in the High-Rise (高層の死角).

His short story "Devil of a Boy" appears translated into English in Ellery Queen's Japanese Golden Dozen: The Detective Story World in Japan anthology, which was edited by Ellery Queen.

Seiichi Morimura died of pneumonia on July 24, 2023, at the age of 90.

Television

 * Fushoku no Kōzō (1977)
 * Seishun no Shōmei (1978)
 * Shūchakueki Series (1990-2022)
 * Shikyaku Ukeoinin (2007, 2008)

Film

 * Chō Kosō Hotel Satsuinjiken (1976)
 * Proof of the Man (1977)
 * Never Give Up (1978)
 * Genghis Khan: To the Ends of the Earth and Sea (2007)

title: Seiichi Morimura


text:
Folivore

In zoology, a folivore is a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves. Mature leaves contain a high proportion of hard-to-digest cellulose, less energy than other types of foods, and often toxic compounds. For this reason, folivorous animals tend to have long digestive tracts and slow metabolisms. Many enlist the help of symbiotic bacteria to release the nutrients in their diet. Additionally, as has been observed in folivorous primates, they exhibit a strong preference for immature leaves which tend to be easier to masticate, are higher in energy and protein, and lower in fibre and poisons than more mature fibrous leaves.

Folivory and flight
It has been observed that folivory is extremely rare among flying vertebrates. Morton (1978) attributed this to the fact that leaves are heavy, slow to digest, and contain little energy relative to other foods. The hoatzin is an example of a flighted, folivorous bird. There are, however, many species of folivorous flying insects.

Some bats are partially folivorous; their method of deriving nourishment from leaves, according to Lowry (1989), is to chew up the leaves, swallowing the sap and spitting out the remainder.

Arboreal folivores
Arboreal mammalian folivores, such as sloths, koalas, and some species of monkeys and lemurs, tend to be large and climb cautiously. Similarities in body shape and head- and tooth-structure between early hominoids and various families of arboreal folivores have been advanced as evidence that early hominoids were also folivorous.

Primates
Standard ecological theory predicts relatively large group sizes for folivorous primates, as large groups offer better collective defense against predators and they face little competition for food among each other. It has been observed that these animals nevertheless frequently live in small groups. Explanations offered for this apparent paradox include social factors such as increased incidence of infanticide in large groups.

Folivorous primates are relatively rare in the New World, the primary exception being howler monkeys. One explanation that has been offered is that fruiting and leafing occur simultaneously among New World plants. However a 2001 study found no evidence for simultaneous fruiting and leafing at most sites, apparently disproving this hypothesis.

Examples
Examples of folivorous animals include:
 * Mammals: okapis, elephants, sloths, possums, giant pandas, koalas and various species of monkey, i.e. New World howlers and Old World colobines
 * Birds: The hoatzin of the Amazon region and the kākāpō of New Zealand
 * Reptiles: iguanas
 * Insects: various kinds of caterpillars, sawflies, beetles, leaf miners and Orthoptera
 * Others: many land gastropod species (snails and slugs)

title: Folivore


text:
Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 7, 2004

Hi,

This page seems to be protected, but the edit history doesn't list a reason, and Protected page doesn't list these pages. Is this page protected according to page protection policy? I think that the word "Palladianism" should be "Palladian" in the second sentence; I changed that in the article yesterday, but I wasn't able to change it for the front page. I'm worried about having persistent grammatical or spelling errors on subpages of the Main page. -- Creidieki 04:20, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I've gone ahead and made the change you wanted. The reason for the protection is that for about the last 6 months (since the main page got its facelift), the templates which display the main page content have been unprotected, and a security-through-obscurity scheme pretty much became the de-facto standard. However, as people have become accustomed to templates, this scheme has broken down, and the amount of vandalism has been increasing. Late last month, the featured article blurb was the subject of repeated, highly offensive vandalism (someone overwrote the image with the goatse pic). After that, I decided to start protecting the templates regularly when I wrote the blurbs. Others have started protecting the images too. →Raul654 04:38, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Equal protection clause

I'm sorry if I am making anyone angry by doing this, but I've moved this page to Equal Protection Clause (capitalized), in accordance with the standard manner in which the Clause is written. Hydriotaphia 04:23, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Equal protection clause


text:
Skid

Skid or Skids may refer to:

 * Skid, a type of pallet
 * Skid (aerodynamics), an outward side-slip in an aircraft turn
 * Skid (automobile), an automobile handling condition where one or more tires are slipping relative to the road
 * Skid, a sled runner
 * Skids, vehicles with continuous track
 * Skids, or skid loaders, a vehicle
 * Skids, a nautical term for slipway
 * Modular process skid, an engineered frame for equipment
 * Skid, alias for script kiddie

Comics, games and amusements

 * Skids (comics), characters in Marvel-published comics
 * Skids (Transformers), several fictional robot superhero characters in the Transformers robot superhero franchise.
 * Skid, a type of amusement ride

Music

 * Skid (album), 1970, by Skid Row
 * Skids (band), a Scottish band
 * Skids (EP) a 1977 EP by the Scottish band

title: Skid


text:
Our Private World

Our Private World is a 1965 American serial. It was the only primetime spin-off from a daytime soap (As the World Turns, the number-one daytime soap opera at the time). Created by Irna Phillips and William J. Bell, it premiered on May 5, 1965, and aired Wednesdays and Fridays over the summer; the multiple-episode-per-week format was inspired by ABC's hit show Peyton Place. The final episode aired on September 10 of the same year. Our Private World starred Eileen Fulton as Lisa Miller Hughes, the same heroine she had played on As the World Turns, and Nicolas Coster. A total of 38 half-hour episodes were produced. Also in the cast were film star Geraldine Fitzgerald and stage actress Julienne Marie.

The storyline started on As the World Turns, with Lisa boarding a train to Chicago and the announcer (Dan McCullough) encouraging the audience to watch the spin-off. Upon arriving, Lisa took a job in the admitting room of the local hospital and met her wealthy future husband John Eldredge (Coster, who decades later also played Lisa's seventh husband, Eduardo Grimaldi). A few months after the demise of the series, Fulton returned to As the World Turns.

Nearly three decades later, As the World Turns writers resurrected remnants of Lisa's Our Private World storyline, when a previously unmentioned son whom Lisa had while in Chicago (presumably during the period between the end of Our Private World and Fulton's return to As the World Turns in early 1966) resurfaced and made contact with her.

For its run from May until September 1965, the series was aired on CBS on Wednesdays at 9:30 pm and Fridays at 9:00 pm.

title: Our Private World


text:
List of concessionnaires of the French Congo

In an attempt to develop the French Congo the government of France divided the territory in concessions for companies to develop. These several dozen companies controlled huge swaths of land, but had only limited success in trying to develop them. Most were merged into several larger companies that were more strictly controlled by the state after the French Congo was dissolved in 1906.

List of companies
With the size of their concessions in km2.
 * Société agricole et commerciale de du Bas-Ogooué, 1200
 * Société brettone du Congo, 2000
 * Compagnie du Bavili-M'Banio, 2800
 * Société de l'Ogooué-N'Gouiné, 3350
 * Société coloniale du Baniembé, 3600
 * Compagnie franco-congolaise de la Sangha, 3800
 * Société de la K'Keni et N'Kémé, 3950
 * Société des factoreries de N'Ddjolé, 4200
 * Compagnie de la Sangha, 5300
 * Société de la Sangha équatoriale, 5490
 * Société commerciale coloniale de la Mamberé-Sangha, 5600
 * Société commerciale et agricole de la Kadéï-Sangha, 6500
 * Compagnie française de l'Oubanghi-Ombella, 7000
 * Compagnie de la Haute-N'Gounié, 7100
 * Société de l'Ekela-Sangha, 7800
 * Compagnie de la Mobaye, 8000
 * Société de l'Ongomo, 8200
 * Société de l'Afrique française, 9350
 * Compagnie commerciale de Colonisation du Congo français, 12,400
 * Société de la Kadéï-Sangha, 12,900
 * Société de la Haut-Sangha, 13,050
 * Compagnie agricole et coloniale et industrielle de la Léfini, 13,700
 * Compagnie de la N'Goko Ouesso, 14,000
 * Compagnie du Kouango français, 15,000
 * Société de l'Ibenga, 15,000
 * Compagnie du Kouango-Oubanghi, 15,300
 * Société des établissments Gratry M'Poko, 16,500
 * Compagnie générale du Fernand Vaz, 17,300
 * Compagnie des produits de la Sangha Lipa-Ouesso, 18,000
 * Société de la Setté Cama, 19,000
 * Société agricole et commerciale de l'Alima, 20,200
 * Compagnie française du Congo occidental, 21,700
 * Compagnie des Caoutchoucs et produits de la Lobay, 32,400
 * Société de l'Afrique équatorial, 33,850
 * Compagnie française du Haut-Congo, 36,000
 * Compagnie française du Congo, 43,000
 * Société commerciale, industrielle, et agricole, du Haut-Ogooué, 104,000
 * Société des Sultanats du Haut-Oubanghi, 140,000