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Talk:Bempton Cliffs

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title: Talk:Bempton Cliffs


text:
William Low

William Low & Co plc, popularly referred to as Willie Low's and latterly marketed as Wm Low, was a chain of supermarkets headquartered in Dundee, Scotland. Initially founded in 1868, Low's had branches throughout Scotland, North East England, Cumbria and Yorkshire. As a group, it was smaller than most of its competitors and often served small towns, although it still had several large hypermarkets. Low's use to trade on their Scottishness as a unique selling point in Scotland. At one stage, the company also ran a chain of frozen food stores known as Lowfreeze. Lowfreeze was sold in 1987 to Bejam.

The remaining business was purchased by Tesco for £257M in 1994. Tesco had to compete with rival competitor Sainsbury's for the chain, with both companies looking to expand their foothold in Scotland. Following on from the takeover, the 57 William Low stores were converted to Tesco. Prior to this, there were only around 17 Tesco branches in Scotland. The purchase of Wm Low by Tesco moved them to the largest supermarket chain in the United Kingdom, beating Sainsbury's for the first time.

Early years
James Low, who was born near Kirriemuir in 1849, completed a grocery apprenticeship in Kirriemuir before moving to Dundee in 1866. Two years later, with a £300 loan from Clydesdale Bank, he opened his own grocery store at 19 Hunter Street. By 1870, he was listed in the Dundee Directory as a grocery, tea and wine merchant at 11–13 Hunter Street. At this point, James's younger brother, William, joined the business at the age of 12. A year later, James Low and William Lindsay, a local preserve, confectionery and bakery manufacturing business owner, formed a partnership, Low & Lindsay, and by 1874 they had a further branch at 304 Perth Road and had moved into wholesaling. In 1879, William Low bought the business and it was renamed William Low & Co. By 1881, the Dundee Directory listed the business as wholesale grocers and wine merchants, and the business had seven branches across Dundee. In 1884, the company opened a warehouse and headquarters at Blackness Road.

In 1885, William Rettie joined Low in partnership. Rettie was described in the 1877 Dundee Directory as a grocery and tea dealer, with stores in Rosebank Street and Dudhope Street. Rettie had married Low's sister, Annie, in 1884. The Dundee Directory of 1885 had listed that the company had eight stores. In 1888, the company opened a wholesale department in Glasgow which facilitated the opening of six stores in the city by 1895, and the expansion of the business to 46 stores across different towns, including Crieff, Inverness and Stirling. The company further expanded two years later when they purchased Farrquar and Farrell, an Edinburgh-based tea and provision merchant, for £5,000. The company continued to expand, and by the turn of the century, the business had 64 stores spread between Hawick in the south to Dingwall in the Highlands. In 1917, the company became a private limited company, with William Low as chairman. The business not only had grocery stores, but their own bakery, bottling factory and butchery departments producing goods. William Rettie died in 1922, and was replaced as managing director by his son, Archibald, while William Low died in 1936, a year after his only son. At the start of World War II, Low's had 84 branches. It was one of the larger grocery multiples, but still far smaller than the giant of Home and Colonial Stores.

After World War II
By 1951, the company had recorded pre-tax profits of £57,013. In the same year, Archibald died and would be replaced by his nephew Philip Rettie, joined by William Low's grandson Ian Stewart, as joint managing directors in 1953. During the 1950s, the company started a modernisation programme with the business closing smaller non-profitable stores, replacing them with larger stores, and in 1958 opened its first self-service store, in Bellshill, as an experiment. A year later, James Millar joined as the company's financial controller. By 1960, the self-service experiment had grown to nine stores, and by a year later reported that they accounted for 34% of the company's sales. The company, however, did not follow other multiples, keeping a similar line as Sainsbury's by not adopting the issuing of trading stamps.

The company quickly expanded its self-service stores, and by 1962 the business operated 26 of them out of its portfolio of 75, with some branches having off-licences, and larger stores getting in-store butcher counters. With the increase in turnover seen at self-service stores, the company opened their first supermarkets in Aberdeen and Broughty Ferry in 1963, following these up with further supermarkets opening in Lochee, Wishaw, Arbroath, Corstorphine, Fort William, Helensburgh and Kirkcaldy. At the same time, older stores were being closed. Sandy Leslie, who became the company's retail director, stated that it was square-footage of stores, not the number of branches, by which the new criteria was measured; however, as the boss of fellow grocery chain Moores Stores also stated, the cost of developing supermarkets was expensive; there were too many supermarkets to be successful. By the end of 1969, the company had modernised the store portfolio and had nineteen supermarkets, eighteen self-service stores and five counter-service shops, a reduction of 33 stores from the total in 1962. Supermarkets in 1969 accounted for 78% of the company's profits, with the business making a pre-tax profit of £260,180, but the profit margin was being squeezed by the growth of supermarket rivals.

Modernisation and growth
The company continued to grow its supermarket portfolio, and by 1972 it had grown to 31, with ten self-service stores, an increase of floorspace of 25%. James Millar stated that none of their stores were older than fifteen years. This was further accentuated with the opening of a new head office and distribution centre, at Dryburgh Industrial Estate in Dundee in October 1972, which incorporated modern data processing and warehousing methods. The company became a public limited company in 1973, launching on to the London Stock Exchange. In 1975, the company launched the first Scottish freezer chain with the opening of the first Lowfreeze store in Glenrothes. The company opened its largest supermarket to date in 1976, with a brand new store in Irvine. This was followed by the 1978 opening of the company's first superstore, in Perth, at the cost of £1.5 million. The company moved into the low end of the market in 1976, when they launched their Discount Price Policy, which was a year earlier than Tesco's own Operation Checkout. By 1980, the average size of the stores had doubled since 1972, with the company having 46 supermarkets and thirteen Lowfreeze stores. Lowfreeze by this point were generating over £5 million of the company's £74 million turnover (compared to £9 million in 1970), but the company's profit margins had fallen from 4.1% in 1970 to 2.4% by 1980. Low's continued to grow in the 1980s, included replacing stores, such as in Kirkcaldy, where a new superstore was opened in 1981. That outlet not only sold food but also sold non-grocery products, such as bedding, and had a 125-seater restaurant. Further developments included the new 10,000 sqft store at the junction of Queensferry Road and Kings Road in Rosyth, a 20,000 sqft store in Baltic Chambers, Grangemouth and further new stores in Wishaw, Oban and Linlithgow which opened in 1982. Low's moved into the fast-food business in 1981, with the opening of McTatties, with restaurants opening in Glasgow and Edinburgh; however, this was unsuccessful and closed just a year later at a write down of £775,000. During 1982, it was reported that Hintons, another supermarket chain, were planning a takeover of Low's, and the current market valuation was £12 million. Wm Low also rose to be included as number 400 in The Times 1000, a list of top UK companies, in 1984, whereas in 1976 it was not even listed.

In 1984, Wm Low attempted but failed to take over Hintons, which later became part of Argyll Group. By 1984, the company had reduced the number of stores, with WM Low's having 45 and Lowfreeze having dropped from a high of 17 to 16; however, the average size of their stores had grown from 6,000 sqft in 1980 to 11,000 sqft, and turnover had grown to £150 million by 1984. The company had now an estimated 10% of the Scottish grocery market and had seen profit margins rise to 3.5%. In 1985, Wm Low took over Laws Stores at a cost of £6.8 million. Laws had a group predominantly based in the north-east of England with a portfolio of smaller stores than Wm Low. James Millar said of the deal: "We are no longer confined to Scotland's 5 million population as our market - we have broken out of that restriction to an almost limitless growth potential for the future." Laws was not the only acquisition that Low's tried to complete in 1985, with discussions held with Hillards that went no further. In 1985, Philip Rettie retired, leaving Ian Stewart, now deputy chairman, as the only family member on the board, with the finance director James Millar taking on the role of managing director. During 1986, Wm Low closed unprofitable Laws stores, but the company's profits fell by £400,000, dragged down by Laws performance. In 1987, Wm Low sold its frozen-food chain, Lowfreeze, to Bejam for £3.8 million, as it was only providing £10 million to the company's £233 million turnover. During the same year, Low's lost out to Argyll Group in bidding for the UK business of Safeway.

During 1988, Ian Stewart, the final family member on the board, retired. In April 1989, Wm Low attempted to a friendly take over of Budgens, a small supermarket chain based mainly in the South East of England. The bid was withdrawn in May, after it was discovered that Budgens' loan commitments were greater than had previously been reported. The pulling out of the takeover had cost Low's £2.5 million as a result of fees and having to pay for underwriting commitments which are no longer required. The company opened new stores in Dumfries and Northallerton. In the 1988–89 trading year, Low's turnover exceeded £300 million for the first time, and the company's profit margin had increased to 5.8%. Low's, by the start of the decade, had 46 stores and 276,000 sqft; however, by the end of the 1980s the company had 63 supermarkets and 713,000 sqft of selling space. The business, at this point, was the tenth-largest Scottish company.

In 1990, Low's were in discussion with Isosceles, owners of Gateway Supermarkets, to purchase 81 stores for £212 million, with some to be sold off to the Co-operative Wholesale Society to help fund the move, but this fell through as Low's did not want to take on Gateway's smaller outdated stores. The company floated a rights issue in December 1990 which raised £37.2 million. £12 million of this was used to develop a new multi-temperate distribution centre in Livingston and updating the company's computer systems. In 1991, the company made a pre-tax profit of £23.6 million, but in 1992 they had fallen to £19 million, even though the company had invested in five news stores, including Milngavie and Whitehaven, which had added a further 100,000 sqft of retailing space to the company. The company chairman told shareholders: "We are trading in very difficult conditions, in which the company, faced significant new competition in the new year from mainstream multiples and discounters."

Expansion into the north and midlands of England was a priority, with the £12 million, 30000 sqft Loughborough store opening in 1993. The company announced that this was the furthest south that the business would grow to, as it was at the limit of the company's distribution network. The business also opened new stores in Montrose, Tayside, Ilkeston, Campbeltown, Dundee and completed an extension to the Linlithgow store; however, during the year, the company started discussions with Safeway about a store swap, with Low's trading some of their bigger stores for Safeway's smaller units in more preferential geographical areas, but nothing came of it. The stockbroker Hoare Govett stated in their April 1994 circular they saw Low's as neither a genuine superstore operator nor a genuine discounter.

The Scottish Business Insider quoted that Low's yearly performance figures for the 1990s were:

 * 1991: £354 million turnover, £21 million profit
 * 1992: £394 million turnover, £23 million profit
 * 1993: £253 million turnover, £20 million profit
 * 1994: £446 million turnover, £21 million profit

Staff numbers at Low's, prior to the takeover, had been reasonably static: from 8,799 employees in 1991 to 8,981 in 1994.

The takeover
The takeover battle for William Low started on 14 July 1994, when Tesco announced its formal bid of £154 million for the company to dramatically improve its Scottish portfolio and an assurance it would not cherry pick the best stores. Two weeks later, J Sainsbury launched a counter-bid of £210 million, with chairman David Sainsbury stating: "Sainsbury was in the strongest position to unlock the potential of Low's stores. 'Our offer provides a fair price to Wm Low's investors and if accepted will provide a good return on investment to our shareholders." Sainsbury was keen to gain a stronger foothold in Scotland, having only three stores in Scotland at the time of the bid. Tesco, at the time, had 7.1% of the Scottish grocery market, while Sainsbury's had 4.9%, against Low's 6.6%. Analysis at the time predicted that the cost, although fourteen times what Low's earnings were, would be the same as building 25 new stores. Analysts reported that Sainsbury's were interested in Low's seventeen larger stores and its distribution centres, with Sainsbury's suggesting they had received bids for some of the smaller stores.

The Argyll Group, owners of Safeway and Scotland's biggest grocery retailer, announced in July 1994 that it would not be making a bid for Wm Low. Tesco reacted with an improved offer of £247 million and Sainsbury's withdrew from the battle, with David Sainsbury stating: "The original price Tesco offered for Wm Low made it fairly cheap. At the price Tesco will be paying now, we believe it can't possibly make a decent return." At the time, Tesco products were, on average, 9% cheaper than Low's, with analysts predicting that Tesco could lift the company's profits by £15 million; however, Tesco also had to take on Low's debt, which stood at £77 million. Tesco formally took over Wm Low on 2 September 1994 for a total sum of £257 million, ending 126 years of business. The purchase of Wm Low doubled Tesco's Scottish market share from 7.6% to 15.3% in 1995. After the takeover, The Financial Times questioned why Low's share price only rose from 138p in April to 169p in July, when Tesco paid 360p, and was their something wrong with the financial community's ability to value such quoted companies?

Tesco closed the Dundee headquarters of Wm Low, with the loss of 300 jobs, opening a smaller Tesco Scottish office to deal with local suppliers that employed twenty people. A re-fit programme followed, and Tesco scanning tills were installed at every store by August 1995, with the refit being completed by the end of 1996 at a cost of £35 million. At the time of the Tesco takeover, a number of new Wm Low Stores were earmarked for development. These were ultimately launched as Tescos but had been planned by Wm Low. This included Aviemore, Cupar, Falkirk and Dunblane, opened between 1995 and 1996.

The distribution centre at the Dryburgh Estate in Dundee became the Tesco customer-service centre and one of two Scottish distribution depots for Tesco. In 2006, Tesco announced the closure of the Dundee depot to create a new centre in Livingston, on the site of the former NEC factory, which would also replace the current distribution centre already based in Livingston (now open as of October 2007). The adjacent customer-service centre was unaffected by the closure. The warehouse at Dundee was demolished in 2019.

Prior to the takeover, sales had been falling at a rate of 6%, a figure that Tesco reversed to a growth of 25% at the end of 1994–95 in the former Low's stores.

1964 Aberdeen typhoid outbreak
On 6 and 7 May 1964, the Aberdeen branch delicatessen used a tin of Argentinian corned beef that had not been processed properly (and was infected with typhoid). The meat was sliced using a communal deli slicer, resulting in approximately 500 locals being with suspected typhoid. Wm Low was never successful in the city again, with their branch closing in the city three years later.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: William Low


text:
Troublemaker Studios

Troublemaker Studios is an American production company founded and owned by filmmaker Robert Rodriguez and producer Elizabeth Avellán.

The company is based in Austin, Texas and is at the former site of the Robert Mueller Municipal Airport. It shares space with Austin Studios, which is managed by the Austin Film Society, and houses production offices, sound stages and the largest green screen in Texas.

Background
The company was founded in 1991 as Los Hooligans Productions, taking its name from Rodriguez's own comic strip, Los Hooligans, which he wrote and illustrated for three years while attending the University of Texas at Austin. Rodriguez chose the name so fans of the strip would recognize it when they saw his films. Since the 1990s, the studio has partnered with distributor Dimension Films on numerous projects; including the From Dusk till Dawn films and Once Upon a Time in Mexico, the third film in the Mexico Trilogy.

The company was reincorporated as Troublemaker Studios in 2000. 2001's Spy Kids, a family-oriented film, was considered the studio's first breakthrough hit. It has since spawned a long-running media franchise, including sequels and an animated series.

On August 12, 2021, the company had signed a deal with HBO and its HBO Max streaming service.

Filmography
As Los Hooligans Productions(1991-2000):
 * Bedhead (1991; short film)
 * El Mariachi (February 26, 1993) (distributed by Columbia Pictures)
 * Roadracers (July 22, 1994) (distributed by Showtime Network)
 * Desperado (August 25, 1995) (distributed by Columbia Pictures)
 * Four Rooms (December 25, 1995) (co-production with A Band Apart; distributed by Miramax Films)
 * From Dusk till Dawn (January 19, 1996) (co-production with A Band Apart; distributed by Dimension Films)
 * The Faculty (December 25, 1998) (distributed by Dimension Films)
 * From Dusk Till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money (March 16, 1999) (direct-to-video) (co-production with A Band Apart; distributed by Dimension Films and Buena Vista Home Entertainment)
 * From Dusk Till Dawn 3: The Hangman's Daughter (January 18, 2000) (direct-to-video) (co-production with A Band Apart; distributed by Dimension Films and Buena Vista Home Entertainment)

As Troublemaker Studios (2000–Present):
 * Spy Kids (March 30, 2001) (distributed by Dimension Films)
 * Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams (August 7, 2002) (distributed by Dimension Films)
 * Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over (July 25, 2003) (distributed by Dimension Films)
 * Once Upon a Time in Mexico (September 12, 2003) (distributed by Columbia Pictures and Dimension Films)
 * Sin City (April 1, 2005) (distributed by Dimension Films)
 * The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D (June 10, 2005) (distributed by Dimension Films and Columbia Pictures)
 * Grindhouse (April 6, 2007) (distributed by Dimension Films)
 * Planet Terror (co-production with Rodriguez International Pictures)
 * Death Proof (co-production with Rodriguez International Pictures)
 * Shorts (August 21, 2009) (co-production with Imagenation Abu Dhabi and Media Rights Capital; distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures)
 * Predators (July 9, 2010) (co-production with Davis Entertainment; distributed by 20th Century Fox)
 * Machete (September 3, 2010) (co-production with Overnight Productions and Hyde Park Entertainment; distributed by 20th Century Fox and Sony Pictures Releasing International)
 * The Black Mamba (February 19, 2011) (short film) (co-production with RadicalMedia; distributed by Nike)
 * Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (August 19, 2011) (distributed by Dimension Films)
 * The Director's Chair (2014–present) (co-production with Skip Film and FactoryMade Ventures)
 * Sin City: A Dame to Kill For (August 22, 2014) (co-production with Aldamisa Entertainment, Miramax Films and Solipsist Films; distributed by Dimension Films)
 * Sock 'Em Dead (2015) (short film) (co-production with Rodriguez International Pictures in association with Happy Socks)
 * Alita: Battle Angel (February 14, 2019) (co-production with Lightstorm Entertainment; distributed by 20th Century Fox)
 * Red 11 (March 15, 2019) (co-production with Double R)
 * UglyDolls (May 3, 2019) (co-production with Reel FX Animation Studios, Alibaba Pictures, Huaxia Film Distribution and Original Force; distributed by STX Entertainment)

 * Spy Kids: Armageddon (September 22, 2023) (co-production with Skydance Media and Spyglass Media Group; distributed by Netflix)

Divisions and Subsidiaries
The company's visual effects division, Troublemaker Digital Studios, is used to use six-core AMD Opteron processors and FirePro graphics accelerators on many of its productions. Troublemaker Sound, located in the hill country outside Austin, provides post-production sound and editing facilities; including a mixing and dubbing sound stage powered by a large Pro Tools installation, and a full Avid Unity-based editing system.

Rodriguez International Pictures
In the beginning of 2005, Rodriguez launched Rodriguez International Pictures (R.I.P), a film and television production company that mainly focuses on the horror genre. Its name is an homage to the low-budget production company American International Pictures.

Filmography:
 * Curandero: Dawn of the Demon (2005) (direct-to-video) (distributed by Dimension Films, Miramax and Lionsgate Home Entertainment)
 * Grindhouse (April 6, 2007) (distributed by Dimension Films)
 * Planet Terror (co-production with Troublemaker Studios)
 * Death Proof (co-production with Troublemaker Studios)
 * El Mariachi (2014) (co-production with Teleset Colombia and Sony Pictures Television; distributed by Sony Pictures Television International)
 * From Dusk Till Dawn: The Series (2014–15) (co-production with Sugarcane Entertainment and FactoryMade Ventures; distributed by Miramax and Entertainment One)
 * Matador (2014) (co-production with K/O Paper Products and FactoryMade Ventures; distributed by Entertainment One)
 * Lucha Underground (2014–2018) (co-production with MGM Television, FactoryMade Ventures and AG Studios)
 * Sock 'Em Dead (2015) (short film) (co-production with Troublemaker Studios in association with Happy Socks)

Quick Draw Productions
In 2010, Rodriguez launched Quick Draw Productions, a production and financing company that would allow him greater freedom to develop and produce film and television projects. Aaron Kaufman and Iliana Nikolic are his partners in the venture. In 2012, an animation division, Quick Draw Animation, was launched. Both companies are based at Troublemaker Studios.

Filmography:
 * Two Scoops (2013) (short film) (in association with BlackBerry)
 * Machete Kills (October 11, 2013) (co-production with A.R. Films, Aldamisa Entertainment, Demarest Films, Overnight Productions and 1821 Pictures; distributed by Open Road Films)

Double R Productions
In 2020, Rodriguez launched Double R Productions, a film company that co creates the 3 different films for other companies. Filmography:
 * We Can Be Heroes (December 25, 2020) (distributed by Netflix)
 * Happier Than Ever: A Love Letter to Los Angeles (September 3, 2021) (co-production with Interscope Films, Darkroom Productions, Nexus Studios and Aron Levine Productions; distributed by Disney+)
 * Hypnotic (May 12, 2023) (co-production with Studio 8, Solstice Studios, Ingenious Media and Hoosegow Productions; distributed by Ketchup Entertainment in the United States and Warner Bros. Pictures in the United Kingdom)
 * 100 Years (2015; releasing in November 18, 2115) (in association with Kouz Production and Moonwalk Films)

title: Troublemaker Studios


text: User talk:68.101.98.242

title: User talk:68.101.98.242


text:
Ústí massacre

The Ústí massacre (Ústecký masakr, German: Massaker von Aussig) was a lynching of ethnic Germans in Ústí nad Labem (Aussig an der Elbe), a largely ethnic German city in northern Bohemia ("Sudetenland"), shortly after the end of World War II, on 31 July 1945. During the incident, 43 Germans were said to be killed but the estimated possible numbers ranged from 80 to hundreds of victims.

Intelligence officer and police commandant Bedřich Pokorný, who previously took part in the organisation of so called Brno death march in May 1945, has been sometimes accused of organizing this massacre towards the end of the Potsdam conference (17 July to 2 August 1945) after the government had halted such acts.

On 31 July 2005, the mayor of Ústí unveiled a memorial plaque on the bridge with the text "In the memory of victims of violence on 31 July 1945" (photographs).

Cause and conflict
On July 31, at 15:30, an ammunition dump in the part of the city called Krásné Březno exploded. The death toll was 26 or 27 people (7 of them Czechs), dozens were injured.

Immediately after the explosion, a massacre of ethnic Germans, who had to wear white armbands after the war and so were easy to identify, began in four places in the city. They were beaten and bayonetted, shot or drowned in a fire pond. On the Elbe bridge, a German, Georg Schörghuber, shouted something provocative and was thrown into the river by the crowd, and shot by soldiers when he was trying to swim out. Soon other people, including a woman with a baby and pram, were thrown into the water and later shot at. The perpetrators were the Revolutionary Guards (a post-war paramilitary group), Czech and Soviet soldiers, and a group of unknown Czechs who had recently arrived from elsewhere. Local Czechs, including the mayor, Josef Vondra, tried to help the victims. Finally, a state of emergency and a curfew were declared, and by 18:25, streets had been cleared by the army.

Count of victims
The estimated number of victims is 80–120, with 43 being accounted for specifically: 24 bodies gathered in the city were burned in the crematorium of the former concentration camp in Terezín on 1 August; a list was made of the 17 missing clerks from the Schicht factory, who were returning from work by way of the bridge at the time of the explosion; and two are mentioned in other sources. In Germany, several dozen bodies were recovered from the Elbe river in the following weeks; however, these could have come from elsewhere. The Sudeten Germans organisations give much higher numbers - from 400 up to 8,000.

Subsequent effects
The next day, 1 August, the government of Czechoslovakia established an investigation commission led by General Ludvík Svoboda. The commission was not able to discover the reason for the explosion but blamed it on the Werewolves (German saboteurs).

The explosion and subsequent massacre were used as a pretext by advocates of the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia. During the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia (1948–1989) details of the event were suppressed, to the point of it being almost unknown to most Czechs.

Suspected communist involvement
After the 1989 Velvet Revolution, city archivist Vladimír Kaiser started to investigate the event, most recently publishing the results together with Jan Havel, another Ústí citizen, and German historian Otfrid Pustejovsky as ''Stalo se v Ústí nad Labem 31. července 1945 (Ústí nad Labem 2005, ISBN 80-86646-11-4; German translation Ein Nachkriegs-Verbrechen: Aussig 31. Juli 1945''; ISBN 80-86067-70-X). While only indirect evidence survived, they conclude that the explosion and massacre were prepared by Communists within the Czechoslovak secret services, specifically Bedřich Pokorný, leader of Ministry of Interior's Defensive Intelligence (Obranné zpravodajství) department who earlier organised the Brno death march, in order to support the transfer of Germans from Czechoslovakia by presenting to the Potsdam Conference an argument that further cohabitation of Germans with Czechs was impossible. (Kaiser's 2000 hypothesis that the motive was the Western powers' interest in destroying the new Daimler-Benz DB 605 airplane engines also stored in the dump was found far-fetched and untenable. )

title: Ústí massacre


text: User talk:12.32.218.18

title: User talk:12.32.218.18


text:
User talk:Wendell

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Whosyourjudas (talk) 03:48, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history:
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Thanks!
I just wanted to thank you for putting together the campaignbox stats; it's an incredibly useful list! —Kirill Lok s hin 11:41, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Islamic article review
Hello Palm dogg, you seem to be knowledgable wih Islamic Conquests. Can you take a quick look at Moslem Conquest of North Africa and Battle of Carthage (698) to see if they are legimate? They are stub articles, with very few incoming links. Thanks Wendell 05:28, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Moslem Conquest of North Africa now redirects to Islamic conquest of North Africa. Battle of Carthage (698) seems roughly accurate, so I'll just tweak it so it has a few more categories. Palm_Dogg 06:41, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

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WP:MILHIST Coordinator Elections
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Welcome to Alabama
I just want to welcome you to WikiProject Alabama! We are still new and getting our act together but we have accomplished a lot already. We look forward to your help and assistance. It looks like you have much project experience in project work already but if you need any help just let us know.  Jody B talk 11:16, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

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Military history coordinator selection
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AfD nomination of United Citizen Federation
An article that you have been involved in editing, United Citizen Federation, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/United Citizen Federation. Thank you. --Explodicle (talk) 14:41, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

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Military history WikiProject coordinator election
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D&D articles for Wikipedia 0.7
Hi there! :)

As someone who's worked on D&D and/or RPG articles before, I'm inviting you to participate in our goal to both improve articles that have been selected to be placed in the next Wikipedia DVD release, as well as nominate more to be selected for this project. Please see the WikiProject D&D talk page for more details. :) BOZ (talk) 18:57, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

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Ravenloft (D&D module)
Hey there. :) I notice that you've put some work into the "Good Article", Ravenloft (D&D module). On the heels of a successful bid to get Gary Gygax and Wizards of the Coast up to GA status, the Wikiproject D&D members are focusing on the Ravenloft module article, with the goal being to get it a few steps closer to FA status. Feel free to discuss on the article's talk page. BOZ (talk) 04:06, 17 November 2008 (UTC)

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The Bugle: Issue LVI, October 2010
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Wikipedia Campus Ambassadors wanted in Troy, Alabama
Hi! I'm leaving you this message because you're listed as a Wikipedian in Alabama. The Wikipedia Ambassador Program is currently looking for Campus Ambassadors to help with Wikipedia assignments at Troy University, which will be participating in the Public Policy Initiative for the Spring 2011 semester. The role of Campus Ambassadors will be to provide face-to-face training and support for students on Wikipedia-related skills (how to edit articles, how to add references, etc.). This includes doing in-class presentations, running workshops and labs, possibly holding office hours, and in general providing in-person mentorship for students.

Prior Wikipedia skills are not required for the role, as training will be provided for all Campus Ambassadors (although, of course, being an experienced editor is a plus).

I know Alabama is a big state, but if you happen to live near Troy and you are interested in being a Wikipedia Campus Ambassador, or know someone else from Troy who might be, please email me or leave a message on my talk page.--Sage Ross - Online Facilitator, Wikimedia Foundation (talk) 16:19, 6 December 2010 (UTC)

The Bugle: Issue LVII, November 2010
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Nomination for deletion of Template:WWIIWesternDesertCampaign
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The Bugle: Volume LVIX, January 2011
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Military Historian of the Year
Nominations for the "Military Historian of the Year" for 2011 are now open. If you would like to nominate an editor for this award, please do so here. Voting will open on 22 January and run for seven days. Thanks! On behalf of the coordinators, Nick-D (talk) and Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 00:49, 16 January 2012 (UTC) You were sent this message because you are a listed as a member of the Military history WikiProject.

Military history coordinator election
The Military history WikiProject has started its 2012 project coordinator election process, where we will select a team of coordinators to organize the project over the coming year. If you would like to be considered as a candidate, please submit your nomination by 14 September. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact one of the current coordinators on their talk page. This message was delivered here because you are a member of the Military history WikiProject. – Military history coordinators (about the project • what coordinators do) 10:08, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history coordinator election
Greetings from WikiProject Military history! As a member of the project, you are invited to take part in our annual project coordinator election, which will determine our coordinators for the next twelve months. If you wish to cast a vote, please do so on the election page by 23:59 (UTC) on 28 September! Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 22:16, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history coordinator election
Greetings from WikiProject Military history! As a member of the project, you are invited to take part in our annual project coordinator election. If you wish to cast a vote, please do so on the election page by 23:59 (UTC) on 29 September. Yours, Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 05:22, 25 September 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of User:Wendell/Atlanta Fantasy Fair

A tag has been placed on User:Wendell/Atlanta Fantasy Fair requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section U5 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to consist of writings, information, discussions, and/or activities not closely related to Wikipedia's goals. Please note that Wikipedia is not a free Web hosting service. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such pages may be deleted at any time.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. Cahk (talk) 11:34, 12 December 2015 (UTC)

User group for Military Historians
Greetings,

"Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians.

MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:29, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive
Hey y'all, the April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive begins at 00:01 UTC on April 1, 2021 and runs through 23:59 UTC on April 31, 2021. Points can be earned through reviewing articles on the AutoCheck report, reviewing articles listed at WP:MILHIST/ASSESS, reviewing MILHIST-tagged articles at WP:GAN or WP:FAC, and reviewing articles submitted at WP:MILHIST/ACR. Service awards and barnstars are given for set points thresholds, and the top three finishers will receive further awards. To participate, sign up at WikiProject_Military_History/April 2021 Reviewing Drive and create a worklist at WikiProject Military history/April 2021 Reviewing Drive/Worklists (examples are given). Further details can be found at the drive page. Questions can be asked at the drive talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 17:25, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wendell


text: File:J. Geils Band - Monkey Island.jpg

title: File:J. Geils Band - Monkey Island.jpg


text:
Control-Vision

The Control-Vision (codenamed NEMO) is an unreleased video game console developed by Tom Zito. It is notable for using VHS tapes rather than ROM cartridges, prompting the creation of game content which survived on into much more advanced CD-ROM platforms.

History
Originally codenamed “NEMO”, initial development began in 1985 and was supported by Nolan Bushnell's company Axlon. The team, which included Apple Computer co-founder Steve Wozniak, created a prototype using a modified ColecoVision console to combine interactive images with a video stream transmitted through a cable. As a storage medium, NEMO employs VHS tapes that contain computer data alongside a grid of multiple tracks of video and audio that can be toggled.

To take the project beyond prototype status, they searched for a partner who would fund further development. The Hasbro toy company agreed to invest $7 million in exchange for the video game rights to the technology.

Three short trial games were finished by the middle of 1986: Scene of the Crime, a four-minute interactive mystery; Bottom of the Ninth Inning, a baseball game; and an interactive music video for the song "You Might Think" by The Cars. The next step was the interactive movie Night Trap, inspired by Scene of the Crime, and filmed in December 1986 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, the hometown of Hasbro. In 1987, Zito created the second full-size game named Sewer Shark, in one month's filming time and at a cost of $3 million.

After filming for Sewer Shark was completed, and two months prior to the 1989 release, Hasbro abandoned the project because the projected US$299 1989 price was deemed uncompetitive against the well established and much cheaper Nintendo Entertainment System. Zito purchased the rights to the games and stored everything in a Rhode Island warehouse. In the late 1980s, Zito hired Mark Turmell, who go on to create NBA Jam and Smash T.V., to develop two more interactive games, Citizen X, and a licensed tie-in game of Police Academy.

Legacy
It was not until the early 1990s that the CD-ROM became an affordable mass storage medium for video game consoles, enabling full-motion video (FMV) games at home. Sega was looking for content for the 1992 introduction of the Sega CD accessory for the Genesis console. They contacted Zito, who created versions of Sewer Shark and Night Trap for Sega CD through his Digital Pictures company. Ports to other systems would soon follow.

Footage of a presentation of a NEMO prototype to Hasbro executives can be found in the Sega CD version of Night Trap when entering a cheat code. Lawrence H. Bernstein, working for Milton Bradley Company at that time, plays Scene of the Crime, the prototype of Night Trap. A playable version of Scene of the Crime can be found in Night Trap: 25th Anniversary Edition.

Games

 * Scene of the Crime (1986)
 * Bottom of the Ninth Inning (1986)
 * You Might Think (1986)
 * Night Trap (1986)
 * Sewer Shark (1987)
 * Citizen X (1988)
 * Police Academy (1988)

title: Control-Vision


text:
Monkey Island (album)

Monkey Island is the seventh studio album by American rock band the J. Geils Band, though it is credited with the shortened band name of "Geils", the only album in their catalog for which this was done. The album was released on June 9, 1977, by Atlantic Records.

The album did not perform well in the marketplace, and would be the J. Geils Band's last original album for Atlantic Records after almost eight years with the label. It was, however, the band's first album on which they did not use an outside producer, as well as their first project with recording engineer David Thoener, with whom they later collaborated on their best-selling albums Love Stinks and Freeze Frame.

The album contains the studio version of "I Do," a live recording of which (from the album Showtime!) would be the J. Geils Band's last hit single in 1982.

Critical reception
The Los Angeles Times opined that "Geils is in dire need of a well-focused musical approach if the band wishes to revive its early power and promise."

Track listing
All songs written by Peter Wolf and Seth Justman except as noted

Personnel

 * Peter Wolf – lead vocals
 * J. Geils – guitar
 * Magic Dick – harmonica
 * Seth Justman – keyboards, vocals
 * Danny Klein – bass
 * Stephen Jo Bladd – drums, vocals

Additional personnel
 * Evette Benton – background vocals
 * Michael Brecker – tenor saxophone
 * Randy Brecker – trumpet
 * Michelle Cobbs – background vocals
 * Ronnie Cuber – saxophone
 * Lew Del Gatto – saxophone
 * Cissy Houston – background vocals
 * Barbara Ingram – background vocals
 * Arif Mardin – strings conductor
 * Theresa Reed – background vocals
 * Alan Rubin – trumpet
 * Lew Soloff – trumpet
 * G. Diane Sumler – background vocals
 * Harriet Tharpe – background vocals
 * Luther Vandross – background vocals
 * Frank Vicari – saxophone

Production

 * Producers: J. Geils Band
 * Engineer: David Thoener
 * Assistant engineers: Jay Krugman, Rod O'Brien, Corky Stasiak
 * Mixing: David Thoener
 * Remastering: George Marino
 * Design: Peter Corriston
 * Photography: Alen MacWeeney

Charts
Album

Singles

title: Monkey Island (album)


text: Talk:Monkey Island (album)

title: Talk:Monkey Island (album)


text:
Talk:Dasein

For further investigation into this topic see lecture series 'The Self Under Siege' by Rick Roderick

Hey there. I'm really not going to edit the article with this [though atm the article reads like nonsense] but if I am my Dasein, it always has its being as an issue and being can be interpreted through our Dasein, maybe it makes sense to say that Dasein is the process of knowing something about your world refracted through self understanding. E.g., I might see a bright light in the sky and believe it to be aliens but because I know that I've been reading a lot about aliens and am often kind of gullible I decide that it's just a plane. OK this isn't a particularly likely summary of the term but that's what this article needs - not a bizarre attempt my some nobody to refute a professor on a live technical point [as it does at the moment] - but linking the term to something that anyone can relate to. Like saying that 'Dasein' means my humanity, but not obviously incorrect. I think that the importance could be set to highest if that'd mean that such a definition would be forthcoming. People [wikipedia readers] really do care what they are according to existentialism even if it's not the most basic thing in philosophy. OK and if anyone wants to talk with me here about whether I'm on the wrong track [in defining Dasein as a more reliable way of interpreting the world] then please shout at me nicely. OK thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.134.48.46 (talk) 19:09, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

Do we really need every instance of Dasein to be bolded in this article? --Anakolouthon 03:53, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I've fixed that. But what does this article actually mean? -- Karada 00:27, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Where does this meaning of ontic come from? Also shouldn't it be ontical?

Frogus - This article is incomprehensible to me. Distinctions need to be made between Heidegger's terms and commonly accepted terms, and some sections made - maybe one on the root of the word, one on Heidegger's exposition of it and one on its use in his book? Muchos gracias to anyone who knows this subject. Since when has 'ontological' meant 'doing'? Also, the author means 'ontical' by 'ontic' as far as I can tell. Either one is an extremely inaccessible word to use...

I have a problem with a couple sentences here. The first is, "Dasein is just the way we are." Dasein does not simply designate a mode of being or describe the behavior of a being, but rather names a certain kind of being in its entirety. Also, Heidegger explicitly states that Dasein is not synonymous with "human being," since humans are merely one particular instance of a kind of being that may manifest in any number of possible particularities.

The second sentence is, "Dasein is a way to get at an ontological understanding of time." It is more accurate to say that Dasein, as a being that is constituted by its temporality, draws upon time in order to illuminate and interpret the meaning of being. -- *wert-

What's the problem with "ontic?"
The use of "ontic" is entirely correct. Commonly, "ontic" is simply an adjective synonymous with "ontological"- there is nothing grammatically fishy about it. Its use here is more important than mere grammar however, since Heidegger draws a distinction between the "ontic," which designates beings in their everyday thisness and thatness, and the "ontological," which designates any relation to being as such and in a universal sense. The distinction between "ontic" and "ontological" mirrors his distinction between "being" and "the being of beings." -- *wert-

 * I find it a little troubling that this article links ontological with "does" and ontic with "is". First of all, a strict identification of either ontological or ontic with does or is seems to miss the point (Dasein acts, I act; Dasein is, I am). More than that, the identification seems counterintuitive -- everything I do is ontological, except in so far as I "am" Dasein. It would have been easier just to delete the words, but I am curious about the rationale for that identification... Ig0774

The Jean Macquarrie & Edward Robinson translation of Being and Time uses "ontical," not ontic. They are semantically synonymous, but it would be more appropriate, given the preference for the former in the text, to use "ontical."

 * The Stambaugh translation tends to favor "ontic". I think this is a matter of indifference. Ig0774

mistakes
Dasein is not synonymous with existence. It is specifically "an entity for which, in its Being, that Being is an issue." It is, of course, not an entity in any sense of presence-to-hand. It is also "...an entity which in each case I myself am." This connotes two important aspects of Dasein. First, the simple fact that you and I are Dasein. Second, that what it "is" is wrapped up in its Being (I myself 'am'), Being here correctly interpreted as emphatically a verb, reasonably synonymous with 'existing.' In other words Dasein only 'is' in terms of its Being (existing), which is always some particular mode of Being. That is, Dasein doesn't just exist, it always exists in such and such a way. It is arguable whether Dasein can be understood as a 'thing' at all, given its distinction as immanently unique from all other entities (excepting other Dasein), and in its utter inseperability from Being. Heidegger does not use the term 'primal,' he uses the term primordial. They are significantly different. Dasein in its 'everydayness,' the effect of its being 'thrown' into the world, is, in fact, inauthentic. It is 'fallen' Dasein. eotvos

 * The last two points are very good points (especially the everydayness part...). On the other hand, Dasein is synonymous with existence insofar as the sentence which claims this it is directed towards the meaning of the German word Dasein and not the Heidegger's particular meaning. The qualification applies to both terms. I find it fairly hard to understand how Dasein can be a meaningful concept without understanding the play that is going on here (like that between "ek-sistence" and "existence" in "A Letter on Humanism"). To understand Dasein as a thing (does the article ever claim this?) is to commit the same kind of mistake you point out. Ig0774

If anything could be synonymous with existence it would be Being (but of course it isn't, Heidegger is very careful to differentiate his idea of Being from others). Dasein (Being There)... It's important to understand the 'Being' in 'Being There' as a verb. 'Existing There.' Later in Being and Time Heidegger expands the Being (existing) of Dasein to include Being-in, Being-alongside, Being-with. Notice the location adverbs. Dasein can't 'be-in' or be-alongside existence and be existence at the same time, can it? Another definition Heidegger gives of Dasein is Being-In-The-World. Another one is 'care,' stating that this relationship is pre-ontilogical and in many ways constitutes Dasein itself. Given the manifold ways in which Dasein is explicitly linked with a singular existing entity (particularly when he says that Dasein is "...an entity which in each case I myself am), I think it's fairly clear that within his framework, Dasein is not synonymous with existence (understanding 'existence' as an entity or sum of entities). In fact, Heidegger would have qualms with the term 'existence', as commonly understood, as he formulates an idea of 'world' to stand in place of an idea of existence, where the 'world' is the region wherein Dasein encounters entities present-to-hand and interacts with objects ready-to-hand (there very ready-to-handedness being a quality informed by Dasein's interest). eotvos

 * The general thrust of your argument, that Heidegger's conception of Dasein is not synonymous with existence is correct. All I meant to say is that the article, when it claims that Dasein is synonymous with existence is not talking about Heidegger's concetption, it is talked about Dasein as a German word (it is a German word, not a Heideggerian neologism, albeit a technical term). Heidegger is quite clear (particularly in the Letter Concerning Humanism) that Dasein is in no way equivalent to existence, because, primordially, Dasein ek-sists before it exists. Ig0774

Ah, my mistake. Letter on Humanism...well, for the class I'm in we began with a survey of Husserl's phenomenology, then worked from Heidegger's later works (What is philosophy, Discourse on Thinking, What is metaphysics, Letter on Humanism, Essence of Truth, among others) back to Being and Time. The teacher's intent was to familiarize the class with the main thrust of Heidegger's thought before dealing with Being and Time, the implication being that Being and Time would be the most difficult. But on the contrary I've found Being and Time to be considerably more lucid than his later essays.... Anyways, I guess I should create a wikipedia account or something... eotvos

Regarding your point about the intention of the article, I feel like the author slips between explicating Dasein as a German word and a Heideggarian concept without drawing a distinction (Dasein is synonymous with existence, as in I am pleased with my existence (ich bin mit meinem Dasein zufrieden), but it mustn't be mistaken for a subject) The first clause is fine with the German word, but the second refers to the word as Heidegger's term. At least that is how it seems to me. eotvos

 * You're absolutely right about that slip. These things happen on Wikipedia, especially since numerous people write various parts of the article. Being and Time is indeed lucid, but at the same time bears reading and rereading. Heidegger's essays, particularly the ones you mention, are much better for developing a single theme (personally, I read Being and Time before the rest of them and find myself continuing rediscovering how it links up with his other essays). I will endeavor to correct the sentence in question, however. Ig0774

What is studied in Being and Time is not Dasein, but Dasein's way of being. Dasein's activity, its way of being, manifests a stand it is taking on what it is to be Dasein. "Its ownmost being is such that it has an understanding of that being, and already maintains itself in each case in a certain interpretedness of its being"(36) The self-interpreting way of being is, for Heidegger, existence. "That kind of being towards which dasein can comport itself in one way or another, and always does comport itself somehow, we call existence" (32). Essentially, only self interpreting beings, human being (emphasis on being, not to be taken as a subject), exists. So beneath it all, in colloquial German, Dasein can mean "everyday human existence" and heidegger uses it to refer to human being, thus Dasein eventually involves, and becomes synonomous with existence! (here's a long quote)

"What have we gained by our prepatory analysis of dasein, and what are we seeking?...When we came to analyze this being, we took as our clue existence, which, in anticipation, we had designated as the essence of Dasein...By working out the phenomenon of care, we have given ourselves an insight into the concrete makeup of existence (274)

More quotes involving Dasein and existence: “The ‘essence’ of Dasein lies in its existence” (67), “Dasein understands itself in terms of its existence" (33)Also, "Existence is the determining character of Dasein" (33) "The question of existence never gets straightened out except through existing itself. The question of existence is one of Dasein's ontical 'affairs' " (33)

Being and Time is so packed with original thought...that well, it takes time to unpack...you think you have it, but then one line changes the entire outlook of the philosophy... -zeldy345

Karl Jaspers
I have added a section on Karl Jaspers’ use of the term “Dasein” because it plays a pivotal part in his philosophy, where he uses it extensively, yet means something completely different to what Heidegger meant by the term. Josh.passmore 13:20, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

Use in theology
I think the term has been used by contemporary theologians, this would need a reference of some kind. ADM (talk) 18:29, 16 March 2009 (UTC)

Book of Tea
Has anyone verified the Book of Tea story? There's only one reference and I can't find where in the book of tea Dasein is supposedly mentioned. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.203.48.163 (talk) 17:04, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Perhaps we should consider removing this alleged relation altogether. While I believe it is an interesting theory, it seems unfounded and less than helpful. It does not give an expository summary of the relationship, and is wholly out of context. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity and correctness, especially within the realm of 20th-century German phenomenology, a more precise genealogy of the term may be designated for this purpose. I might suggest tracing its origins back to Darwin's use of the term Dasein, with an emphasis on organic life, or even through the thought of Hegel, Husserl, and Nietzsche. These seem more relevant to our discussion of Dasein in the context of Heidegger's own work. Kconca (talk) 17:17, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

Plagiarism
The text in this article is lifted entirely from http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Dasein without credit and also is hardly a reputable source. This plagiarized text should be deleted. ProfGiles (talk) 04:54, 23 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I think it's the other way around. That page is a copy of this article. To be sure of plagiarism or copyright violation we need a date on the page that's earlier than the date the content was added here. Also if there is plagiraism we don't have to delete it, we just have to provide proper attribution. If it were a copyright violation, we'd have to delete it pronto. Thanks for checking this out. Joja  lozzo  05:09, 23 November 2011 (UTC)

Relation
The article relates to "Dasein" (Heidegger), a professional term in philosophy. --Arebenti (talk) 00:31, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

Let's Fix The Horrible Citations, Shall We?
It would appear that in the construction of this page there was no adherence to a uniform standard of citation, let alone a common sources, translated or otherwise. I have made a series amendments to the page; adding proper footnotes denoting the section and page numbers of contested information, quotations where needed, direct in-text citations, ect.... I have also taken the liberty of using the APA format for my citations and footnotes. Similarly, I gather by this talk page that most here have a working knowledge of John Macquarrie and Edward Roinson's 1962 translation. Therefore, I have endeavored to consolidate all citations from this source, and revise those which did not conform to this text. I have refrained from making any groundbreaking syntactical changes to the body of text for this page, although at present I believe it could benefit from a more clear and concise presentation. Hopefully we can revive an effort to clean this page up, since it reads as if a high school student took a cleaver to Heidegger's work.

Kconca (talk) 05:50, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

Aleksandr Dugin?
No source, the piece about him using Dasein seemed completely out of place. The information also didn't have any source and was irrelevant.

External links modified
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Collins and Selina (1998)
The title given for the 1998 work by Jeff Collins and Howard Selina is Heidegger for Beginners, but surely it should be Introducing Heidegger: A Graphic Guide: ? Heidegger for Beginners (2007) is by Lemay, Pitts and Gordon. Martinevans123 (talk) 13:26, 27 November 2016 (UTC)

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Dasein, blood and soil, and Nazism
I've added a couple of quotes, taken from Martin Heidegger and Nazism. One where Heidegger discusses the relationship between Dasein and "blood and soil", and another where he invokes the concept in support of the Nazi election campaign. It seems to me that these quotes are pretty clear evidence that Heidegger's philosophy and politics were closely intertwined. However, adding the claim would be WP:OR. Conversely, so would commentary seeking to disentangle them, unless based on WP:RS analysis of the quotes in question JQ (talk) 06:25, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dasein


text: User talk:63.164.21.33

title: User talk:63.164.21.33


text: User talk:64.12.116.65

title: User talk:64.12.116.65


text: User talk:61.94.126.78

title: User talk:61.94.126.78


text: User talk:65.95.57.127

title: User talk:65.95.57.127


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Trelawny

Trelawny or Trelawney may refer to:

Places

 * Trelawny (electoral division), an electoral division of Cornwall
 * Trelawny, Black Hill, Ballarat, a heritage house in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
 * Trelawny, Jamaica, a parish of Cornwall County, Jamaica
 * Trelawny, Pelynt (alias Trelawne), an historic manor and the historic seat of the Trelawny baronets in Cornwall
 * Trelawney, Zimbabwe, a village in the province of Mashonaland West

Other uses

 * Trelawny (surname)
 * Trelawny baronets
 * Trelawny Island, an islet near Looe Island, off Cornwall
 * Trelawny League, a football league based in Cornwall
 * Trelawny Tigers, a motorcycle speedway team
 * "The Song of the Western Men", also known as "Trelawny", a Cornish anthem about Sir Jonathan Trelawny
 * Trelawny of the 'Wells', an 1898 play by Arthur Wing Pinero
 * Trelawny, a 1972 Julian Slade musical based on the Pinero play
 * Trelawney – any one of several vessels of that name
 * Squire Trelawney, a supporting character from Treasure Island

title: Trelawny


text:
Trochophore

A trochophore is a type of free-swimming planktonic marine larva with several bands of cilia.

By moving their cilia rapidly, they make a water eddy to control their movement, and to bring their food closer in order to capture it more easily.

Occurrence
Trochophores exist as a larval form within the trochozoan clade, which include the entoprocts, molluscs, annelids (including echiurans and sipunculans) and nemerteans. Together, these phyla make up part of the Lophotrochozoa; it is possible that trochophore larvae were present in the life cycle of the group's common ancestor.

Etymology
The term trochophore derives from the ancient Greek, meaning "wheel", and   — or   —, meaning 'to bear, to carry', because the larva is bearing a wheel-shaped band of cilia.

Feeding habits
Trochophore larvae are often planktotrophic; that is, they feed on other plankton species.

Life cycle
The example of the development of the annelid Pomatoceros lamarckii (family Serpulidae) shows various trochophore stages (image: D-F): D - early trochophore ; E - complete trochophore ; F - late trochophore ; G - metatrochophore.

title: Trochophore


text:
Joseph Greene

Joseph or Joe Greene may refer to:

Sports

 * Joe Greene (born 1946), American football player, known as "Mean Joe Greene"
 * Joe Greene (baseball) (1911–1989), American catcher in Negro league baseball
 * Joe Greene (boxer) (born 1986), American middleweight
 * Joe Greene (long jumper) (born 1967), American long jump athlete

Other

 * Joe Greene (American songwriter) (1915–1986), American songwriter
 * Joe Greene (American singer), gospel/soul singer and songwriter, active in the 1970s
 * Joe Greene (Ontario politician) (1920–1978), Liberal legislator in Canadian House of Commons, 1963–1972
 * Joe L. Greene (born 1937), American labor union leader
 * Joseph Greene (Newfoundland politician) (1890–1969), accountant and political figure in Newfoundland
 * Joseph Greene (writer) (1914–1990), American science fiction author and editor
 * Joseph N. Greene (1920–2010), US diplomat
 * Joseph Reay Greene (1836–1903), Irish zoologist
 * Joseph A. Greene, state senator in South Carolina
 * J. E. Greene (Joseph E. Greene, 1944–2022), known as Joe, American materials scientist

title: Joseph Greene


text:
NORA (band)

NORA is an American metalcore band from Highland Park, New Jersey. The band took its name from Nora Diniro, a character from the film Pump Up the Volume.

Central New Jersey hardcore band Nora began as a group of friends in 1996. After releasing the Kill You For A Dollar EP and a split CDEP with the Dillinger Escape Plan through Ferret Records, the band moved over to Trustkill Records in 1999 and issued another EP, called Neverendingyouline. Following this EP, Mike Olender and John Kohler left to pursue Burnt By The Sun and Ex Number Five, and the band moved forward with Matt "Portland" Hay and Matt "Frenchie" Haick filling the guitar spots. Poison the Well guitarist Ryan Primack also filled in for the band's performance at Hellfest in 2000.

The band released their first album, Losers' Intuition in 2001. Following the departure of Matt Haick, who left to pursue his other project Merciana, and original bassist Spliedt during 2002, the lineup of Severson, Hay (guitar), Ross (drums) welcomed new bassist Tim Cuccolo (ex-Ex Number Five) and Chris Byrnes (guitar) and released Dreamers & Deadmen in 2003. Cuccolo later left and with Byrnes moving over to bass, second guitarist Steve "Steve Jeff" Chladnicek joined on in early 2004. The following year, Byrnes exited to go join Every Time I Die, and former Nora guitarist/Burnt by the Sun vocalist Mike Olender came back in his place. Nora entered the studio in early 2007 to record and release Save Yourself, and went dormant soon after until 2015.

Vocalist Carl Severson was owner of hardcore record label Ferret Music but has since moved on to start Good Fight Entertainment since the Warner Bros buy out of Ferret.

Carl Severson and Mike Olender attended high school with Trustkill owner and president Josh Grabelle.

Band members

 * Carl Severson (vocals) 1996–present
 * Matt "Portland" Hay (guitar) 2001–present
 * Steve "Jeff" Chladnicek (guitar) 2004–present
 * Chris Ross (drums) 1996–present
 * Dan Hornecker (bass) 2015–present

Past members

 * Mike Olender (bass) 1996–1999, 2006–2009
 * Matt Haick (guitar) 1996–2002
 * C.R. Spliedt (bass) 1996–2002
 * Ryan Primack (guitar) 2000
 * Chris Byrnes (bass/guitar) 2002–2005, (bass) 2018
 * John Kohler (guitar) 1996–1999
 * Tim Cuccolo (bass) 2002–2005

Discography

 * Theneverendingyouline EP (1999)
 * Kill You for a Dollar EP (1999)
 * Split EP with The Dillinger Escape Plan (1998)
 * Loser's Intuition (2001)
 * Dreamers & Deadmen (2003)
 * Save Yourself (2007)

title: NORA (band)


text:
Giygas

Giygas, also known as Giegue, and Gyiyg (ギーグ) in Japan, is a character in the Mother video game series by Nintendo, created by Shigesato Itoi. The character serves as the main antagonist and final boss of Mother and its sequel, Mother 2/EarthBound. In the series, he invades Earth in an attempt to wipe out humanity in Mother, and returns in EarthBound where he conquers the world and sends his forces into the past to prevent protagonist Ness from defeating him. The battle against Giygas, which depicts him in turmoil, drew inspiration from a Japanese film which traumatized Itoi as a child. He has received positive reception with critics referring to his battle as one of the creepiest in video games, and considered one of the greatest and most iconic video game antagonists of all time.

Concept and creation
Giygas was designed and written by the creator of the EarthBound series, Shigesato Itoi, and debuted in the original Mother, where he is called Giegue in the English localization. In an interview on his website, Itoi describes how his inspiration for the final battle with Giygas in EarthBound resulted from a traumatic childhood event where he accidentally viewed the wrong movie at a theater, a Shintoho film entitled Kenpei to Barabara Shibijin. The film featured a murder scene near a river that Itoi mistook for a rape scene which affected him so much that his parents began to worry about his well-being. Years later, Itoi integrated the experience into Giygas' dialogue for the final battle. Itoi described Giygas as something that people cannot make sense of, but also as a living being who deserves love. He described the film scene as a combination of atrocity and eroticism, and that is what his lines are in the end. While designing this battle, Itoi spoke all of the text out loud while another staff member, Matchan Miura, wrote it down. He spoke each hiragana character one-after-another because he found it scarier. There has been a misunderstanding regarding the influence of the film on Giygas, with some believing that imagery, dialogue, or audio from that film were used here, when the only thing Itoi took from it was the ability to "manipulate an audience's emotional state". Music composer Hirokazu Tanaka described Giygas as the "embodiment of evil". As a result, he composed the music in a certain way based on the player's proximity to him. For example, in battles where Ness and company encounter someone or something under Giygas' control, the music and sound effects reflect this.

Before the release of EarthBound, the localization team had at one point considered localizing Giygas as his original name Giegue or Geek. It was speculated that the change from Giegue to Giygas was due to a change in localization staff. An urban legend exists that suggests that the final battle with Giygas in EarthBound was an "alien abortion". Marcus Lindblom, a member of the English localization team, acknowledged the urban legend, noting that he appreciated the speculation, but debunked the idea as an official interpretation.

Appearances
Giygas appears in the Family Computer video game Mother. Giygas was raised by Maria, a woman abducted along with her husband George by Giygas' alien race from Earth in the early 1900s. George studied the aliens' PSI powers without permission and escaped back to Earth. Once he matured, Giygas was tasked by his people to make sure that PSI never spread onto Earth. However, Giygas did not want to betray those who raised him, particularly Maria. In the end, he forced himself to detach from Maria and began preparations for the aliens' invasion. Eighty years later, strange things start happening on Earth. These events are eventually revealed to be the work of Giygas. Maria, now a Queen in a magical world called Magicant, explains everything to the protagonists of Mother after her memories are restored. When the protagonists encounter Giygas, he explains his motives to them while attacking them with his PSI power. Maria urges her descendant, the also PSI-user protagonist Ninten to sing her Eight Melodies, which weakens Giygas. Ninten, Ana, and Lloyd sing together, forcing Giygas to surrender and flee.

Giygas also appears in the Super NES sequel EarthBound. Giygas is an unseen villain for most of the story, although he possesses humans, animals, and objects who unknowingly do his bidding. According to a character from the future named Buzz Buzz, Giygas destroys the universe ten years in the future. One of his key minions is Pokey Minch, a boy who lived in Ness's neighborhood. At first, Dr. Andonuts (the father of playable character Jeff) believes that Giygas is residing deep within the Earth, and transports himself and the party there using a machine called the Phase Distorter. When they arrive, they find that Giygas is attacking from that exact location, but from innumerable years in the past. The only way the protagonists can get to Giygas' time period is to alter the Phase Distorter to transport them back in time. When the group finally reaches Giygas, he initially resembles Ness while in the device called the "Devil's Machine". Pokey reveals that Giygas' PSI power has grown so strong that it destroyed his mind and drove him mad. Pokey then turns the Devil's Machine off and releases Giygas, who now takes the form of a swirling red agonized face. At this point, Giygas' words and attacks are nondescript and nonsensical, more akin to a stream of consciousness than anything else. Giygas is eventually destroyed by Paula, who prays to the protagonists' friends and family for help. Her praying eventually reaches the player, and the combined prayers do enough damage to Giygas to kill him.

Reception
Since appearing in EarthBound, Giygas has received largely positive reception. His role and design was regarded as contrasting with the otherwise lighthearted tone of the rest of EarthBound's story by Brittany Vincent for G4TV. Cassandra Ramos for RPGamer identified him as one of her favorite villains, while 1UP.com staff described the battle with Giygas as one of the 25 best boss battles, citing the audio and imagery of Giygas as well as the final portion of the battle. Jeremy Parish for 1UP.com used the battle as an example of how games subvert expectations, where the protagonists employ prayer instead of their most powerful attacks to win. IGN staff included the battle with Giygas in their list of the 10 most cinematic video game moments. NGamer UK staff listed Giygas as one of the most iconic boss encounters in Nintendo history, stating that the defining moment was his design and the method of defeating him. GamesRadar+ staff named him one of the best video game antagonists, finding him creepy and a more imposing villain than Kefka Palazzo from Final Fantasy VI. Staff for Complex, GameSpot, and UGO Networks listed the fight against Giygas as one of the hardest in video games, with the latter and Chloi Rad for IGN calling him one of the most frightening video game characters. He was featured in a GameSpot user-voted poll of the greatest villains in video games, where he lost in the first round to Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic antagonist Darth Malak.

Nadia Oxford for IGN described the battle with Giygas as one of the most memorable moments in EarthBound and stated that its significance resonated with people who had not played the game, a sentiment that Cassandra Ramos of RPGamer shared. In a work for 1UP.com, Oxford claimed that Itoi took inspiration from Stephen King novels, including It. She suggested that Giygas was based on It's antagonist due to a similarly "borderline indescribable" form and the fact that they both succumb to childlike qualities such as faith, friendship, and love. She discusses how the battle with Giygas in Mother deviates from traditional final boss battles, citing his deep motivations and music employed, which consists of a "shrill background noise" and a lullaby. She suggested that Giygas' degraded form in EarthBound was possibly the result of Giygas' longing for Maria's love. Patricia Hernandez for Nightmare Mode discussed how his Mother incarnation "echoes a motif" of children without parental guidance doing poorly for it. Colin Snyder for Vice felt similarly, stating that his story is about the loss of childhood. William Hughes for The A.V. Club argued that Giygas had an oedipal complex due to his infatuation with his surrogate mother and hatred for his surrogate father over him stealing information from the aliens.

title: Giygas


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List of video games set in New York City

This article lists computer and video games in which a major part of the action takes place in New York City or a fictional city closely based on it.

List of games which feature a fictional city closely based on New York City

 * Ace Combat 6: Fires of Liberation (Xbox 360) is set in Gracemeria, based on New York City.
 * Batman: Arkham Knight (Windows, PS4, Xbox One) is set in Gotham City, which is roughly based on New York City: for example, it includes the Lady of Gotham which resembles the Statue of Liberty
 * Crazy Taxi 2 (Dreamcast) contains two cities, "Around Apple" and "Small Apple", which are both somewhat based on New York City. The latter is also included in Crazy Taxi 3: High Roller.
 * EarthBound (SNES) has a city called Fourside, which is also referred as the Big Banana; a parody of New York's nickname, the Big Apple.
 * While the final version of Final Fantasy VII (PlayStation) does not feature anything that resembles New York City specifically, the initial concept was supposed to take place in New York City, and the idea of a realistic setting stuck in the final game.
 * Final Fight (arcade) is set in a fictional city called Metro City, which features areas based on New York City.
 * Futurama (PS2, Xbox), which is set in "New New York"
 * Various games in the Grand Theft Auto series set in Liberty City, a New York City look-alike
 * Grand Theft Auto (PC, PS, GBC)
 * Grand Theft Auto III (Windows, PS2, Xbox)
 * Grand Theft Auto Advance (GBA)
 * Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox), featured one mission in Liberty City
 * Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories (PlayStation 2, PSP)
 * Grand Theft Auto IV (Windows, PS3, Xbox 360)
 * GTA IV: The Lost and Damned (Windows, Xbox 360, PS3)
 * GTA IV: The Ballad of Gay Tony (Windows, Xbox 360, PS3)
 * Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars (Nintendo DS, PSP)
 * inFamous (PS3) is set in Empire City, based on New York City.
 * Kingpin: Life of Crime (Windows, Linux) is set in Radio City, a city that resembles New York City in the art-deco era
 * Mafia (Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox), set in Lost Heaven, a representation of New York City and Chicago in the 1930s
 * Mafia II (Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360), set in Empire Bay, a representation of New York City in the late 1940s
 * Mother 3 (GBA) features a city known as New Pork City. This city is also featured as a stage in Super Smash Bros. Brawl.
 * Pokémon Black and White and its sequels (DS) are set in the Unova region, modeled after New York City.
 * The Sonic the Hedgehog series features many cities based on New York City.
 * Streets of Rage is set in an unnamed city based on New York City; many prominent New York City landmarks, such as the World Trade Center are visible throughout the game and on the European Mega Drive cover of Streets of Rage 3
 * Super Mario Odyssey (Nintendo Switch) features New Donk City that is based on New York, with a building resembling the Flatiron Building and a building resembling the Empire State Building as the city hall (called New Donk City Hall Plaza), and in the background a building resembling the Chrysler Building and a bridge resembling the Brooklyn Bridge. Like Fourside, it is called the Big Banana.

Other city video game lists

 * List of fiction set in Chicago
 * List of video games set in London


text: Category:Serology

title: Category:Serology