text:
Talk:Damper (food)

Deletion discussion
from VfD:

It's a recipe, and an advert. The bread does exist, and appears in several dictionaries of slang, but what to write about it? Not this. A search for 'damper bread' on google returns lots of recipes, and a few pages which suggest that it might have been formulated by William Dampier, who is worthy of attention. Is this stuff culturally significant in Australia, enough to warrant a page apart from Bread?. (aha, it's been fixed - there's nothing wrong with it now. Note that the original seemed to be an advert for a television programme, copied badly from the website of that programme. I now vote Keep - Ashley Pomeroy 14:16, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)) -Ashley Pomeroy 18:33, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: The advertising, if not the entire article, looks exactly like a copy & paste, so it may well be copyvio. Aside from that, though, the entire lead paragraph is an ad.  The only way to save the article at all would be to 1) edit out the whole first paragraph 2) insert a new lead saying that it's a bread reportedly based on what drovers made in the Australian outback, and then, after all that work (plus clean up and wikifying) just so you could transwiki it to Wikibooks and then...delete. Geogre 19:49, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The article has been refactored, please reconsider your vote. Thank you.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 00:39, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Excellent rescue. Not a recipe, so no transwiki, either. Geogre 05:03, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I wish we could get a legit article about Damper, but this isn't it. We've got other articles on Australian foods, but they're actually nicely-written encyclopedia articles. All this ultimately is is an ad for someone's purported reproduction of Damper, which doesn't belong here. Delete. Inky 20:32, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, much better. This is more like it. Thank you, RaD Man, and change my vote to keep. Inky 21:38, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd like to see an article about damper, too, but this isn't it. Transwiki if not a copyvio, otherwise delete and wait for an article. Wile E. Heresiarch 20:38, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's now a completely different, and very nice, article. My thanks to the authors. Wile E. Heresiarch 02:54, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Stubified, and I'll expand it if nobody else does. We seem to have no article on billy can either. Andrewa 20:48, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * ...It's a kind of bread. Of course keep it. Everyking 23:09, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have expanded the article from Andrewa's stub. Damper is an iconic Australian dish. Capitalistroadster 23:57, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Extreme keep. Very interesting.  Excellent save.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 00:39, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Extreme keep. Now a good article! -- Chuq 05:40, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: DCEdwards1966 06:22, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is the most ridiculous VFD that I've ever seen. Next thing we'll be deleting pizza. Ambi 06:52, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Umm. Check the page history. Thanks. Wile E. Heresiarch 07:31, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, Keep, KEEP Part of Australian culture, and a good article now. T.PK 07:30, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, just for good measure. Lacrimosus 09:04, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * KEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEP. goodness, damper is to Australia, as ice is to antartica The bellman 09:22, 2004 Dec 4 (UTC)
 * KEEP - this is a very deep tradition in Australia. Like hotdogs is to US, but less dead rats are involved.--ZayZayEM 08:07, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The keeps have it. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 18:32, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Then I hope you all won't mind one more. Keep.  Fascinating stuff to we who are subjected to that little-known meat by-product, particulate of deceased vermin.  :^P - Lucky 6.9 22:35, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

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Rum
Whilst I've no doubt stockmen did enjoy Rum, what is the basis for specifying Bundaberg Rum, which is (now) a corporate brand. If no citation can be found, I'd suggest removing the term "Bundaberg" and leave it as just rum. 14:18, 29 April 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.105.127.160 (talk)

Etymology?
I don't want to urinate on anybody's national pride, but there's nothing uniquely Australian about baked flour paste. 'Damper' just seems to be Aussie vernacular for a form of bread that's been produced all over the world for thousands of years.SpaceyHopper (talk) 21:33, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Where does the name come from?--Cancun771 10:19, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Additional Citations for Verification
I have added various citations. Is it okay to remove the Maintenance template now?Paulie highfly (talk) 15:37, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, done, good job. - Shiftchange (talk) 23:10, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks Paulie highfly (talk) 01:37, 30 December 2016 (UTC)

Wheat flour ?
In the book Bush food: Aboriginal food & herbal medicine, there is talk that some dampers were made with portulaca seed (wakati), or panicum seed. Not sure whether the term damper used in the book is correct or whether perhaps it were dampers but the flour was mixed of wheat & wakati/panicum. The recipes were from Winifred Hilliard & Molly Nungarai. Look into it
 * ?Maybe 180.216.180.68 (talk) 01:43, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

Also notable is the Stockman's damper —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.245.81.115 (talk) 12:46, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

Note: I also found a mentioning of Eragrostris dielsii, Eragrostris leptocarpa, Chenopodium rhadinostachyum —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.245.94.247 (talk) 06:38, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

wheres the salt?
just wondering why salt has not been included as a key ingredient? i have adjusted the ingredients of damper in the third paragraph as that para discusses the history of it, removing milk (the reference near the ingredients did not mention milk, although it did mention using a milk dish when making it), and adding salt, so the only ingredients are flour, salt, and water as shown in The Colonial Magazine and Commercial Maritime Journal of 1840, referenced in the article. Coolabahapple (talk) 13:00, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

Soda bread
Given bicarb soda isn't listed as an ingredient I don't think this can be characterised as 'soda bread'. In reality, it's an unleavened bread made usually from nothing more than flour and water. 2001:8004:5180:3147:7135:23AC:39AA:5F78 (talk) 06:42, 29 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Damper (food)


text:
Talk:Lewis Moody

Untitled
from VfD:

This appears to be a retaliation by User:Jimmyvanthach for my listing of his Royal Lao Government in Exile. Dunc|☺ 18:34, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Nothing wrong with it that I can see. Geogre 19:50, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Surely the vfd should be removed for bogus entries like this? [[User:Xezbeth| Xezbeth ]] 20:34, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Someone just trying to waste our time. I agree, there ought to be a mechanism here for removing obvious keeps (speedy keep?), especially if the user gives no reason for their nomination. [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 21:00, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Extreme keep, and I agree with you as well Livajo. Something has got to change - VfD is inherently flawed.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 22:08, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Fully agree with all of you. (Keep, by the way) If you ever formally propose an actual policy, I'll be with you. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 06:56, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How about for a start "Listings made without any reason at all given or not signed by the lister can be removed by any editor without further discussion."? This at least would mean that listers have to go through the whole process.Dr Zen 00:59, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good policy. Write it up? JesseW 21:35, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Article says that he made his England debut in 2001 yet I have a magazine article in front of me that says that he made the 1998 'Tour of Doom'.GordyB 16:28, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * He did but he wasn't capped. Dunc|☺ 16:41, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 23:07, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Lewis Moody


text:
Brock Yates

Brock Yates (October 21, 1933 – October 5, 2016) was a prominent American journalist, TV commentator, TV reporter, screenwriter, and author. He was the longtime executive editor at Car and Driver magazine — and contributed to The Washington Post, Playboy, The American Spectator, Boating, Vintage Motorsports as well as other publications.

With a journalism career spanning six decades, his work was highlighted by often irreverent and incisive industry critiques — including a 1968 analysis in Car and Driver titled The Gross Pointe Myopians, on which he expanded for his 1983 book, The Decline and Fall of the American Automotive Industry. Yates was widely known for co-conceiving and then executing the first non-stop, cross-country Cannonball Baker Sea-to-Shining-Sea Memorial Trophy Dash, widely known as The Cannonball Run, in 1971 — which subsequently gave rise to his screenwriting career. He co-wrote the 1980 film, Smokey and the Bandit II. For his reporting and racing participation, he was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America, in 2017.

Writing for Motor Trend, noted automotive writer Steven Cole Smith, said Yates was a "prolific, iconic, profane, brilliant, pioneering writer" and "called him the first superstar automotive writer."

Background
Yates was the son of American author Raymond Francis Yates and the former Marguerite Wendel. He was born and raised in Lockport, New York and graduated from Lockport High School in 1951. Yates' first articles appeared in Science and Mechanics magazine when he was 16 years old. He graduated from Hobart College and spent time in the United States Navy.

His 1955 marriage to Sally Kingsley ended in divorce. In the late 1970s, he married Pamela Reynolds. Yates lived variously in Western New York state, in Castile, the village of Wyoming, and Fairport.

First suffering from Alzheimer's disease in 2007, Yates died at the Veterans Affairs hospital in Batavia, New York, on October 5, 2016, from complications of the disease, sixteen days shy of his 83rd birthday. He was survived by his wife, Pamela, sons Brock, Jr., and Daniel, a daughter, Claire Lilly, stepdaughter, Stacy Bradley and three grandchildren.

Career
Yates was hired in 1964 as managing editor at Car and Driver magazine by the magazine's iconic editor, David E. Davis — who was noted for fostering an "atmosphere of creative turbulence." Yates later recalled, “little did [Davis] know that in fact I knew nothing about managing or editing.” Four decades later (2006), he was fired by editor-in-chief Csaba Csere (as Yates himself noted) for being “too expensive.”

On David E. Davis, Yates wrote:

 * “I hold the distinct honor of being the person David fired most in his long and storied career,” Yates said. “We were tough, opinionated sons of bitches who often went head to head, but at our core we loved and respected each other.” Although they always settled their spats, Yates would add fuel to the fire whenever possible. In 1994, he wrote: “Dave remains the grand old water buffalo of automotive journalism. To know him is to acknowledge his short fuse and penchant for unpredictable, snorting charges at friendly targets.” Yates once called C/D’s then executive editor to report: “Dave’s on the hill behind my house, crawling on his stomach. He’s got a shotgun.”

As a best-selling author, most frequently about automotive topics and motor sport, some of Yates' articles and commentaries for Car and Driver magazine and other publications have had considerable impact within the auto industry and general public. Beginning with his 1968 critique of the American auto industry, its management, and its products: "The Grosse Pointe Myopians," Yates established a recurring theme in his nonfiction work that American automotive management had grown arrogant, lost touch with its markets, and failed to respond to changing public needs/tastes, technology, and energy/environmental concerns. He developed the thesis in his 1983 book, The Decline and Fall of the American Automotive Industry — and followed up with his 1996 book The Critical Path:Inventing an Automobile and Reinventing a Corporation, a focused look at Chrysler' efforts to recast itself with development of its third generation minivans.

As a pit reporter for CBS', Yates covered certain NASCAR Cup Series (at the time, the Winston Cup) series races in the 1980s, including the Daytona 500. He was also one of the main commentators on the TNN motor sports TV show American Sports Cavalcade with Steve Evans where, on occasion, Paul Page, Gary Gerould, and Ralph Sheheen appeared. He was a commentator on racing and vintage cars at various points between 1995 and 2013 for the Speed Channel, a U.S. cable affiliate of Fox Sports.

Yates wrote for The Truth About Cars briefly in January and February 2008.

Cannonball Run
Yates was inspired by Erwin G. "Cannonball" Baker, (1882–1960), who set several coast-to-coast records, to initiate the Cannonball Baker Sea-to-Shining-Sea Memorial Trophy Dash.

Conceived by Yates and fellow Car and Driver editor Steve Smith, the first run was intended both as a celebration of the United States Interstate Highway System and as a protest against strict traffic laws coming into effect at the time. Another motivation was the fun involved, which showed in the tongue-in-cheek reports in Car and Driver and other auto publications worldwide. The initial cross-country run was made by Yates; his son, Brock Yates, Jr.; Steve Smith; and friend Jim Williams beginning on May 3, 1971, in a 1971 Dodge Custom Sportsman van called the "Moon Trash II."

The first competitive race was won by Brock and Formula One and Le Mans winner Dan Gurney in a Sunoco blue Ferrari 365 GTB/4 Daytona. The duo traveled from New York to Los Angeles in a then-record time of 35 hours, 54 minutes. In all, five Cannonballs were run between 1971 and 1979, although Yates never again won. The event was the inspiration for the 1976 movies Cannonball! and The Gumball Rally.

The event has continued on in the form of the Tire Rack One Lap of America Presented by Grassroots Motorsport Magazine. The event is now run by his son Brock Yates, Jr. 2018 saw the 35th anniversary of the event.

Screenwriting
Yates along with director and stuntman Hal Needham, wrote Smokey and the Bandit II (1980). Yates also wrote the screenplay for The Cannonball Run (1981) film with the intention of giving the lead role to Steve McQueen. However, McQueen was diagnosed with cancer early in 1980 and was unable to do the film, leading to the casting of Burt Reynolds. Yates had a brief cameo in The Cannonball Run as the race organizer who lays out the ground rules before the beginning of the race.

While Yates was not involved in them, The Cannonball Run was followed by one sequel using his characters, Cannonball Run II (1984), and a second sequel, Speed Zone (1989), which, apart from being about the race and a small cameo by Jamie Farr's character, had no other connections.

title: Brock Yates


text:
User talk:Dallashan~enwiki

Thanks

Barnstar
I am giving you this barnstar to let you know that I too feel your Wikistress. Take care, D. J. Bracey (talk) 00:48, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

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WikiProject Osaka University
Hello, Dallashan! I have started a new wiki project to promote Osaka University at Wikipedia. Please join too! Let people know about our Alma mater. Thank you! GaiJin (talk) 05:56, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Dallashan~enwiki


text:
Paul Gonsalves

Paul Gonsalves (July 12, 1920 – May 15, 1974) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist best known for his association with Duke Ellington. At the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival, Gonsalves played a 27-chorus solo in the middle of Ellington's "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue," a performance credited with revitalizing Ellington's waning career in the 1950s.

Biography
Born in Brockton, Massachusetts, to Portuguese Cape Verdean parents, Gonsalves' first instrument was the guitar, and as a child he was regularly asked to play Cape Verdean folk songs for his family. He grew up in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and played as a member of the Sabby Lewis Orchestra. His first professional engagement in Boston was with the same group on tenor saxophone, in which he played before and after his military service during World War II. He also played with fellow Cape Verdean Americans in Phil Edmund's band in the 1940s. Before joining Duke Ellington's orchestra in 1950, he also played in big bands led by Count Basie (1947–1949) and Dizzy Gillespie (1949–1950).

At the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival, Gonsalves' solo in Ellington's "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue" went through 27 choruses; the publicity from this performance is credited with reviving Ellington's career. The performance is captured on the album Ellington at Newport. Gonsalves was a featured soloist in numerous Ellingtonian settings. He received the nickname "The Strolling Violins" from Ellington for playing solos while walking through the crowd.

Gonsalves died in London ten days before Duke Ellington's death, after a lifetime of addiction to alcohol and narcotics. Mercer Ellington refused to tell Duke of the passing of Gonsalves, fearing the shock might further accelerate his father's decline. Ellington and Gonsalves, along with trombonist Tyree Glenn, lay side by side in the same New York funeral home for a period of time.

Gonsalves is buried at the Long Island National Cemetery in Farmingdale, New York.

As leader/co-leader

 * Cookin'  (1957, Argo)
 * Diminuendo, Crescendo and Blues (1958, RCA Victor)
 * Ellingtonia Moods and Blues (1960, RCA Victor)
 * Gettin' Together! (1961, Jazzland)
 * Tenor Stuff (1961, Columbia) – with Harold Ashby
 * Tell It the Way It Is! (1963, Impulse)
 * Cleopatra Feelin' Jazzy (1963, Impulse)
 * Salt and Pepper (1963, Impulse) – with Sonny Stitt
 * Rare Paul Gonsalves Sextet in Europe (1963, Jazz Connoisseur)
 * Boom-Jackie-Boom-Chick (1964, Vocalion)
 * Just Friends (1964, Columbia EMI) – with Tubby Hayes
 * Change of Setting (1965, World Record Club) – with Tubby Hayes
 * Jazz Till Midnight (1967, Storyville)
 * Love Calls (1967, RCA) – with Eddie Lockjaw Davis
 * Encuentro (1968, Fresh Sound)
 * With the Swingers and the Four Bones (1969, Riviera)
 * Humming Bird (1970, Deram)
 * Just a-Sittin' and a-Rockin'  (1970, Black Lion)
 * Paul Gonsalves and His All Stars (1970, Riviera)
 * Paul Gonsalves Meets Earl Hines (1970, Black Lion)
 * Mexican Bandit Meets Pittsburgh Pirate (1973, Fantasy)
 * Paul Gonsalves Paul Quinichette (1974)
 * Sitting In (Paul Gonsalves and Clyde Fats Wright) (2014, Silk City)

As sideman
With Duke Ellington

With Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis With Johnny Hodges With John Lewis With Billy Taylor With Clark Terry With Jimmy Woode
 * Ellington at Newport (Columbia, 1956)
 * All Star Road Band (Doctor Jazz, 1957 [1983])
 * All Star Road Band Volume 2 (Doctor Jazz, 1964 [1985])
 * Hot Summer Dance (Red Baron, 1960 [1991])
 * Live At The Crystal Gardens 1952
 * Jazz Party in Stereo (Columbia, 1959)
 * Harlem 1964
 * Ella and Duke at the Côte d'Azur 1966
 * The Far East Suite 1966
 * Liederhalle Stuttgart 1967
 * Live At The Opernhaus Cologne 1969
 * 70th Birthday Concert 1969
 * Featuring Paul Gonsalves (Fantasy, 1985)
 * Love Calls (RCA Victor, 1968)
 * Ellingtonia '56 (Norgran, 1956)
 * The Big Sound (Verve, 1957)
 * Triple Play (RCA Victor, 1967)
 * The Wonderful World of Jazz (Atlantic, 1960)
 * Taylor Made Jazz (Argo, 1959)
 * Duke with a Difference (Riverside, 1957)
 * Diminuendo, Crescendo And Blues (RCA Victor, 1958)
 * The Colorful Strings of Jimmy Woode (Argo, 1957)
 * With Joya Sherrill
 * Joya Sherrill Sings Duke (20th Century Fox, 1965)

title: Paul Gonsalves


text: Category:Cemeteries in Virginia

title: Category:Cemeteries in Virginia


text:
Talk:Cyrillic numerals

Untitled
Should this be moved to Cyrillic numerals? Glagolitic numerals worked similarly, but used the native alphabet order. Cyrillic numerals inherited the order from Greek, and ignored the new Cyrillic letters which were invented for Slavic languages. —Michael Z. 18:40, 2004 Dec 3 (UTC)
 * And if wanted to get "҂аѱ" you click "а" and "ѱ" and got "ѱа" and forgot "҂", highlight the "а" and click "҂". Then you'll get ҂аѱ . —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.195.24.104 (talk) 19:00, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

written as text
It would be useful to see some examples numbers written as text. I'm not sure I understand which symbols are used from the images shown. It seems Ionian numerals don't have a zero, and it would be helpful to reiterate that here. So, the digits 1-9 (apparently) are "А В Г Д Є Ѕ ? Н Ѳ", 10-90 are "І К Л М И Ѯ О П У", etc. Should these be written with a titlo (i.e. "А҃ В҃ Г҃" etc) as the article mentions, or not? The images shown are inconsistent. 11 and 12 are "АІ" and "ВІ" respectively, while 21 and 32 are "КА" and "ЛВ". 500 is "Ф", 6000 is "҂Ѕ", 70k is Ѳ⃝, 800k is H҈., 9M is Ѳ҉ (these last ones may not display correctly if your font/browser doesn't overlay properly). Please correct my mistakes, and add something like this to the article. ⇔ ChristTrekker 15:26, 5 September 2013 (UTC)
 * I added in a few such examples and tried to make the text clearer about combining letters to create bigger numbers. Carter (talk) 21:52, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

Translated material notice
Noting use of material translated from other language wikis... Carter (talk) 21:57, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

Ten legions vs legion of legions (short vs long scale?)
It's weird that 105 is legion, but 106 is legion of legions. The reason might be that these numbers can have two different values, in a sort of short and long scale. In the large scale those values are 1012 a 1024. As claimed here (not well cited though). —Mykhal (talk) 10:37, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cyrillic numerals


text:
Talk:In vivo

—in vivo is for natural settings, in vitro is for artifical settings, what phrase can describe the in between? Such as is seen when primary cells are put into culture or cell lines are used? In cultu?

 * I think the current incarnation of the article makes the differentiation clearer between in vivo and in vitro. Cells in culture would be in vitro. G.hartig 02:33, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I study molecular docking and we use the phrase in vivo to mean a reaction that actually takes place in the cell, rather than a reaction which is merely predicted by the computer model. We might refer to cells in culture as in vivo. It is all relative! I put something to this effect, I hope it is uncontroversial. Zargulon 18:16, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Also, am changing the introduction, since in vivo/vitro isn't limited to a research context but applies to any field where the distinction is useful, obvious example is fertilization of embryos. Zargulon 18:48, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

mistake? the article currently states: "In molecular biology In vivo refers to experimentation done at the cellular level. Once cells are disrupted and individual parts are analyzed, this is known as in vivo." I think, once the cell is disrupted and experiments on a sub-cellular level are performed, it is clearly an in vitro experiment. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.60.28.29 (talk) 10:13, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

Not necessarily experiments
this article does not cover the meaning that In vivohas in the article about Infertility                   --Melaen 13:26, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I had a look at the page and can't find the problem. Where abouts is it? G.hartig 11:30, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I think Melaen means that in vivo doesn't necessarily refer to research or experiments (first line of this article: "refers to experimentation using a whole, living organism"). In vitro fertilization, for example, isn't an experiment! As another example, in Thalidomide, it says the different forms of the drug can go back and forth in vivo. For better definitions: answers.com, and we can build from there. Huey.freeman (talk) 18:38, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

In real life
The phrase "in vivo" also seems to be used in other fields as a sort of synonym for "in real life." I suppose some would consider it misused in that sense, but I've seen it in computer science as well as in social science (regarding studies of actions by individuals or groups). B.J. Smith 18:27, 3 February 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Bjsmithdotus (talk • contribs)

Biorelevant Dissolution media to forecast the In Vivo Performance of A Drug
Hello I have made a following change while keeping in mind the medium used for moderating drug sets are going smoothly. To make it simple, I have untechinally expressed how a In Vivo given media can basic-change and enhance a drug performance. With according to the study so that the readers can access the free (not subscribed) NCBI article. If some suggestions are given here to improve the statement and make it more understanding or more untechnical just ping and give a message here. Eleanor De Cruzem (talk) 13:12, 6 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:In vivo


text: User talk:80.178.188.7

title: User talk:80.178.188.7


text:
Niger national football team

The Niger national football team (French:  Equipe de football du Niger) represents Niger in international football through the Nigerien Football Federation, a member of Confederation of African Football (CAF). Niger plays in the colors of the flag of Niger, white, green and orange. Their nickname comes from the Dama gazelle, native to Niger, the Hausa name of which is Meyna or Ménas The Dama appears on their badge in the colors of the national flag.

History
Although one of the less successful sides in the strong West Africa region, Niger has produced a couple of noteworthy runs in qualifying tournaments.

One of their best performances was in the 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifiers in which Niger eliminated Somalia and Togo on the away goals rule, but were beaten by Algeria in the third round where only eight teams were left. Notable players in this run included Jacques Komlan, Hassane Adamou and Moussa Kanfideni.

In 1990, they set a record by thrashing Mauritania 7–1 in continental qualifiers, the highest positive score margin for the Mena.

In the 2004 African Nations Cup qualifiers, Niger won all their home games (including a win over Guinea) to finish on nine points, just three short of qualification.

The Niger squad is also plagued by financial concerns, which have caused them to withdraw from international tournaments on more than one occasion. The Nigerien Football Federation would have turned to fundraising to pay for their trip to the 2010 African Cup of Nations in Angola, had they qualified.

On 10 October 2010, Niger earned a shock 1–0 win over Egypt at home in the 2012 African Cup of Nations qualification.

Despite a failed run for AFCON 2010, Niger hosted and won the UEMOA Tournament in November 2010, and followed up with their first ever qualification for the African Nations Championship in February 2011.

After home wins over South Africa and Sierra Leone, on 8 October 2011 Niger qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations for the first time in its history, despite losing 3–0 in Egypt. Niger, South Africa and Sierra Leone all ended with nine points, but Niger qualified thanks to their superior head-to-head record against their rivals.

At the 2012 African Cup of Nations, Niger was placed in Group C alongside co-hosts Gabon, Tunisia and Morocco. In their opening match, Niger lost 2–0 to Gabon, while against Tunisia in Libreville, Niger trailed 1–0 on an early goal from Youssef Msakni in which he dribbled his way through for a fine goal after just four minutes. William N'Gounou, however, then made history by scoring Niger's first ever goal at the African Cup of Nations. A 1–1 draw looked likely, but Issam Jemâa's goal would eliminate Niger from the tournament. In the final match, Niger faced Morocco in a match featuring two sides already eliminated from the tournament. Younès Belhanda scored on an assist from Marouane Chamakh just 11 minutes from time to give Morocco a 1–0 victory.

Later in 2012, Niger repeated its success in African Nations Cup qualifiers by beating Guinea in a two-legged series to qualify for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations. Guinea won the first match 1–0, but Niger won 2–0 in the second leg. Goalscorers Mohamed Chikoto and Issoufou Boubacar had sent Niger to another African Cup of Nations tournament.

In their first match at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, Niger lost 1–0 to Mali at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth. Mali captain Seydou Keita handed his nation the hard-fought victory five minutes before the end of the encounter. Niger then earned their first point ever at the African Cup of nations after holding DR Congo to a 0–0 draw. In the third match, Ghana outclassed Niger 3–0 to reach the quarter-finals as Group B winners. Niger finished bottom of the group.

On 22 May 2014, Niger played a friendly match against Ukraine, marking the first ever match against a European nation. Oumarou Bale scored in the 56th minute, cancelling out a 20th-minute goal from Ivan Ordets before Ukraine won on a goal from Taras Stepanenko as the match finished 2–1.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Coaching history

 * 🇩🇪 Heinz-Peter Uberjahn (1981–1986)
 * 🇳🇪 Soumaila Tiemogo (1992)
 * 🇳🇪 David Nadjadoum (1992–1994)
 * 🇳🇪 Soumaila Tiemogo (1998)
 * 🇫🇷 Amadou Toure (1998)
 * 🇫🇷 Patrice Neveu (1999–2000)
 * 🇫🇷 Jean-Yves Chay (2000)
 * Yeo Martial (2002–2003)
 * 🇹🇬 Bana Tchanile (2006–2007)
 * 🇳🇪 Hamey Amadou (2007–2008)
 * 🇷🇴 Dan Anghelescu (2008)
 * 🇳🇪 Frederic Costa (2008–2009)
 * 🇳🇪 Harouna Doula Gabde (2009–2012)
 * 🇫🇷 Rolland Courbis (2012)
 * 🇩🇪 Gernot Rohr (2012–2014)
 * 🇳🇪 Cheick Omar Diabate (2014–2015)
 * François Zahoui (2015–2019)
 * 🇫🇷 Jean-Guy Wallemme (2019–2020)
 * 🇫🇷 Jean-Michel Cavalli (2020–2023)
 * 🇳🇪 Zakaria Yaou Ibrahim (Interim) (2023)
 * 🇲🇦 Ezzaki Badou (2023–present)

Current squad
The following players were called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Congo on 6 June 2024.

Caps and goals are correct as of 26 March 2024, after the match against 🇧🇫 burkina faso.

Recent call-ups
The following players have been called up for Niger in the last 12 months.

DEC Player refused to join the team after the call-up. INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury. PRE Preliminary squad. RET Player has retired from international football. SUS Suspended from the national team.

Records

 * Players in bold are still active with Niger.

title: Niger national football team


text:
Geophagia

Geophagia, also known as geophagy , is the intentional practice of eating earth or soil-like substances such as clay, chalk, or termite mounds. It is a behavioural adaptation that occurs in many non-human animals and has been documented in more than 100 primate species. Geophagy in non-human primates is primarily used for protection from parasites, to provide mineral supplements and to help metabolize toxic compounds from leaves. Geophagy also occurs in humans and is most commonly reported among children and pregnant women.

Human geophagia is a form of pica – the craving and purposive consumption of non-food items – and is classified as an eating disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) if not socially or culturally appropriate. Sometimes geophagy is a consequence of carrying a hookworm infection. Although its etiology remains unknown, geophagy has many potential adaptive health benefits as well as negative consequences.

Animals

Geophagia is widespread in the animal kingdom. Galen, the Greek philosopher and physician, was the first to record the use of clay by sick or injured animals in the second century AD. This type of geophagia has been documented in "many species of mammals, birds, reptiles, butterflies and isopods, especially among herbivores".

Birds
Many species of South American parrots have been observed at clay licks, and sulphur-crested cockatoos have been observed ingesting clays in Papua New Guinea. Analysis of soils consumed by wild birds show that they often prefer soils with high clay content, usually with the smectite clay families being well represented.

The preference for certain types of clay or soil can lead to unusual feeding behaviour. For example, Peruvian Amazon rainforest parrots congregate not just at one particular bend of the Manu River but at one specific layer of soil which runs hundreds of metres horizontally along that bend. The parrots avoid eating the substrate in layers one metre above or below the preferred layer. These parrots regularly eat seeds and unripe fruits containing alkaloids and other toxins that render the seeds and fruits bitter and even lethal. Because many of these chemicals become positively charged in the acidic stomach, they bind to clay minerals which have negatively charged cation-exchange sites, and are thereby rendered safe. Their preferred soils have a much higher cation-exchange capacity than the adjacent, rejected layers of soils because they are rich in the minerals smectite, kaolin, and mica. The preferred soils surpass the pure mineral kaolinate and surpass or approach pure bentonite in their capacity to bind quinine and tannic acid.

In vitro and in vivo tests of these soils and many others from southeastern Peru indicate that they also release nutritionally important quantities of minerals such as calcium and sodium. In the Manu River example cited above, the preferred soil bands had much higher levels of sodium than those that were not chosen. Repeated studies have shown that the soils consumed most commonly by parrots in South America have higher sodium contents than those that are not consumed.

It is unclear which factor is driving avian geophagy. However, evidence is mounting that sodium is the most important driver among parrots in southeastern Peru. Parrots are known to eat toxic foods globally, but geophagy is concentrated in very specific regions. Researchers Lee etal. show that parrot geophagy in South America is positively correlated to a significant degree with distance from the ocean. This suggests that overall lack of sodium in the ecosystem, not variation in food toxicity, is a better predictor of the spatial distribution of geophagy. This work, coupled with the recent findings of consistently high sodium levels in consumed soils,  make it highly likely that sodium is the primary driver of avian geophagy among parrots (and possibly other taxa) in the western Amazon Basin. This supplemental nutrients hypothesis is further supported by peak geophagy occurring during the parrots' breeding season.

Primates
There are several hypotheses about the importance of geophagia in bats and primates. Chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda, have been observed to consume soil rich in kaolinite clay shortly before or after consuming plants including Trichilia rubescens, which possesses antimalarial properties in the laboratory.

Geophagy is a behavioural adaptation seen in 136 species of nonhuman primates from the suborder Haplorrhini (81%) and Strepsirrhini (19%). The most commonly ingested soils are soils from mounds, soils from tree bases, soils from termite mounds, 'Pong' soils, forest floor. Studies have shown many benefits of geophagy such as protection from parasites (4.9%), minerals supplements (19.5%) and helps metabolize toxic compounds from leaves (12.2%) nonexclusive. From soil analysis it has been seen that one of the main compounds in the earth consumed by these primates is clay minerals that contains kaolinite which is commonly used in medications for diarrheal and intestinal problems. Geophagic behaviour plays an important role in nonhuman primates health. This kind of zoopharmacognosy use differs from one species to another. For example, Mountain Gorillas from Rwanda tend to ingest clay soil during dry season, when the vegetation changes forcing them to feed on plants that have more toxic compounds, in this case the ingested clay absorbs these toxins providing digestive benefits. This kind of seasonal behavioural adaptation is also seen in the Red-Handed Howler monkeys from the western Brazilian Amazonia, which also have to adapt to the shift of feeding on leaves that contains more toxic compounds. In other cases, geophagy is used by the Ring-Tailed Lemurs as a preventive and therapeutic behaviour for parasites control and intestinal infection. These benefits from clay ingestion can also be observed among Rhesus Macaques. In a study that was carried out in the Island of Cayo Santiago, it has been observed that the Rhesus Macaques had intestinal parasites and their health was not affected and they did not have many gastrointestinal effects from these parasites. Data observed, shows that this was caused by the consumption of clay soil by this species. On the other hand observations have shown that behavioural geophagy provides minerals supplements, as seen among Cambodian's Colobinae. The study was done at the salt licks in Veun Sai-Siem Pang Conservation Area, a site that is visited by various species of nonhuman primates. More in-depth research needs to be carried out in order to better understand this behavioural adaptation of geaophagy among nonhuman primates.

Bats
There is debate over whether geophagia in bats is primarily for nutritional supplementation or detoxification. It is known that some species of bats regularly visit mineral or salt licks to increase mineral consumption. However, Voigt etal. demonstrated that both mineral-deficient and healthy bats visit salt licks at the same rate. Therefore, mineral supplementation is unlikely to be the primary reason for geophagia in bats. Additionally, bat presence at salt licks increases during periods of high energy demand. Voigt etal. concluded that the primary purpose for bat presence at salt licks is for detoxification purposes, compensating for the increased consumption of toxic fruit and seeds.

Anthropological and historical evidence
Evidence for the likely origin of geophagy was found in the remains of early humans in Africa:

"The oldest evidence of geophagy practised by humans comes from the prehistoric site at Kalambo Falls on the border between Zambia and Tanzania (Root-Bernstein & Root-Bernstein, 2000). Here, a calcium-rich white clay was found alongside the bones of Homo habilis (the immediate predecessor of Homo sapiens)."

Geophagia is nearly universal around the world in tribal and traditional rural societies (although apparently it has not been documented in Japan or Korea). In the ancient world, several writers noted the phenomenon of geophagia. Pliny is said to have noted the ingestion of soil on Lemnos, an island of Greece, and the use of the soils from this island was noted until the 14th century. The textbook of Hippocrates (460–377 BCE) mentions geophagia, and the famous medical textbook titled De Medicina edited by A.Cornelius Celsus (14–37 CE) seems to link anaemia to geophagia. One of Rumi's fables tells about a geophage being cheated by a sugar seller who leaves him alone with a weight made of clay and then waits until the man eats enough of it, thus reducing the amount of sugar he will get.

The existence of geophagy among Native Americans was noted by early explorers in the Americas, including Gabriel Soares de Sousa, who in 1587 reported a tribe in Brazil using it in suicide, and Alexander von Humboldt, who said that a tribe called the Otomacs ate large amounts of soil. In Africa, David Livingstone wrote about slaves eating soil in Zanzibar, and it is also thought that large numbers of slaves brought with them soil-eating practices when they were trafficked to the New World as part of the transatlantic slave trade. Slaves who practised geophagia were nicknamed "clay-eaters" because they were known to consume clay, as well as spices, ash, chalk, grass, plaster, paint, and starch.

Contemporary practices

In Africa, kaolinite, sometimes known as kalaba (in Gabon and Cameroon), calaba, and calabachop (in Equatorial Guinea), is eaten for pleasure or to suppress hunger. Kaolin for human consumption is sold at most markets in Cameroon and is often flavoured with spices such as black pepper and cardamom. Consumption is greatest among women, especially to cure nausea during pregnancy, in spite of the possible dangerous levels of arsenic and lead to the unborn child. Another example of geophagia was reported in Mangaung, Free State Province in South Africa, where the practice was geochemically investigated. Calabash chalk is also eaten in west Africa.

In Haiti, poor people are known to eat bonbon tè made from soil, salt, and vegetable shortening. These biscuits hold minimal nutritional value, but manage to keep the poor alive. However, long-term consumption of the biscuits is reported to cause stomach pains and malnutrition, and is not recommended by doctors.

In Central Java and East Java, Indonesia a food made of soil called ampo is eaten as a snack or light meal. It consists of pure clay, without any mixture of ingredients.

Bentonite clay is available worldwide as a digestive aid; kaolin is also widely used as a digestive aid and as the base for some medicines. Attapulgite, another type of clay, is an active ingredient in many anti-diarrheal medicines.

Impact on health

Clay minerals have been reported to have beneficial microbiological effects, such as protecting the stomach against toxins, parasites, and pathogens. Humans are not able to synthesize vitamin B12 (cobalamin), so geophagia may be a behavioral adaption to obtain it from bacteria in the soil. Mineral content in soils may vary by region, but many contain high levels of calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, and zinc, minerals that are critical for developing fetuses which can cause metallic, soil, or chewing ice cravings in pregnant women. To the extent that these cravings, and subsequent mineral consumption (as well as in the case of cravings for ice, or other cold neck vasoconstricting food which aid in increasing brain oxygen levels by restricting neck veins) are therapeutically effective decreasing infant mortality, those genetic predispositions and the associated environmental triggers, are likely to be found in the infant as well. Likewise, multigenerationally impoverished villages or other homogenous socioeconomic closed genetic communities are more likely to have rewarded gene expression of soil or clay consumption cravings, by increasing the likelihood of survival through multiple pregnancies for both sexes.

There are obvious health risks in the consumption of soil that is contaminated by animal or human feces; in particular, helminth eggs, such as Ascaris, which can stay viable in the soil for years, can lead to helminth infections. Tetanus poses a further risk. Lead poisoning is also associated with soil ingestion, as well as health risks associated with zinc exposure can be problematic among people who eat soils on a regular basis. Gestational geophagia (geophagia in pregnancy) has been associated with various homeostatic disruptions and oxidative damage in rats.

title: Geophagia


text:
User:9tdr

9tdr user page.

title: User:9tdr


text: User talk:83.84.18.23

title: User talk:83.84.18.23


text:
Matewan

Matewan is a 1987 American independent  drama film written and directed by John Sayles, and starring Chris Cooper (in his film debut), James Earl Jones, Mary McDonnell and Will Oldham, with David Strathairn, Kevin Tighe and Gordon Clapp in supporting roles. The film dramatizes the events of the Battle of Matewan, a coal miners' strike in 1920 in Matewan, a small town in the hills of West Virginia.

Matewan was a critical success but a box office flop, grossing under $2 million on an estimated $4 million budget. The film received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, and received a Criterion Collection re-release in 2019.

Plot
Joe Kenehan is an ex-Wobbly organizer for the United Mine Workers. He arrives in Matewan, West Virginia in 1920 to organize miners against the Stone Mountain Coal Company. His introduction to the town is his witnessing of a mob of miners angry at wage cuts beating up black miners who intended to cross the picket line. He takes up residence at a boarding house run by a coal miner's widow, Elma Radnor, and her 15-year-old son, Danny, who is also a miner and a budding Baptist preacher. The miners are reluctant to bring the imported workers, both black and Italian into their union, a cause not helped by C. E. Lively, a spy for the company within the union, who tries to goad the miners into violence and secretly informs the Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency of the "red" Kenehan's presence.

The next day, two Baldwin–Felts men, Hickey and Griggs, show up in town and take up residence at the Radnor boarding house. Danny at first refuses to give rooms to Hickey and Griggs, but Kenehan voluntarily moves to the hotel, freeing up a room for the two men and averting trouble for Mrs. Radnor. Hickey and Griggs then start their campaign against the union by forcibly evicting miners from company-owned houses in town. Mayor Testerman and Police Chief Sid Hatfield refuse to let them be evicted without eviction writs from Charleston. Hatfield deputizes all the men in town and tells them to go home and come back with their guns.

The Baldwin–Felts men then turn their attention on the strikers' camp outside town, where the miners and their families are living in tents. At night, the armed strikebreakers fire shots into the camp, injuring some strikers. The next day, they enter the camp to demand that all food and clothing purchased at the company store with scrip be turned over to them, but are thwarted by the arrival of armed hill people, whose land was taken by the coal company. Expressing disdain for the noise caused by the gunmen's automobile the night before, their presence and sympathy for the miners compels the Baldwin–Felts men to leave empty-handed. The slow arrival of the union's thinly stretched strike funds tests the patience of Danny Radnor and other miners who become disillusioned and turn to violence in spite of Kenehan's warnings. The miners are involved in a night-time shootout with the agents and Sephus is wounded. He is rescued by some hill people but not before he recognizes Lively as the infiltrator.

Lively tries to drive a wedge between Kenehan and the miners by convincing a young widow, Bridey Mae Tolliver, to falsely accuse Kenehan of sexual assault, and he plants a letter which makes Kenehan appear to be the infiltrator, leading the miners to plot to kill Kenehan. Danny overhears Hickey and Griggs talking about the scheme and is discovered and threatened by Hickey. That night, while preaching at the Freewill church, Danny relates a parable about Joseph that convinces the miners that they have been deceived by a false story, taking advantage of the now-inebriated detectives. Lively silently slips out of the back of the church while a miner runs to the camp to stop Few Clothes from killing Kenehan. Meanwhile, Sephus has made his way back to town and informed the others of Lively's betrayal, furiously burning down his restaurant. Lively flees town by swimming across the Tug Fork River.

Later, while Danny and his friend Hillard Elkins are stealing coal from the mine, they are confronted by the detectives. Danny hides, while Elkins is tortured for information. He provides five names, and is killed by Griggs anyway. Lively reveals that the men he named died in mine accident years before and muses that the death of a young boy will complicate things.

The situation between the Baldwin–Felts men and Chief Hatfield reaches a boiling point with the arrival of reinforcements with orders to carry out the evictions. The mayor tries to negotiate as Kenehan comes running to try to stop the fight. The sudden movement sets off a climactic gunfight between the exposed mercenaries and the armed townspeople firing from barricades and rooftops. Hatfield shoots two men and survives the battle, but Kenehan is killed and the mayor is shot in the stomach. Griggs is brought down, while Hickey escapes to Elma Radnor's boarding house, where he is shot and killed by Elma Radnor. Seven Baldwin–Felts men and two townspeople are ultimately killed.

In the epilogue, the narrator (revealed to be an elderly Danny recalling those days in "Bloody Mingo") recounts that Mayor Testerman succumbed to his wounds and the mayor's wife married Chief Sid Hatfield. But Hatfield was later gunned down in broad daylight on the steps of the McDowell County Courthouse in Welch, with Lively stepping up to deliver the coup de grâce. He recalls the event as the start of the Great Coalfield War.

Cast

 * Chris Cooper as Joe Kenehan
 * James Earl Jones as "Few Clothes" Johnson
 * Mary McDonnell as Elma Radnor
 * Will Oldham as Danny Radnor
 * David Strathairn as Police Chief Sid Hatfield
 * Ken Jenkins as Sephus Purcell
 * Gordon Clapp as Griggs
 * Kevin Tighe as Hickey
 * John Sayles as Hardshell Preacher
 * Bob Gunton as C.E. Lively
 * Josh Mostel as Mayor Cabell Testerman
 * Nancy Mette as Bridey Mae Tolliver
 * Jace Alexander as Hillard Elkins
 * Joe Grifasi as Fausto
 * Maggie Renzi as Rosaria
 * Jo Henderson as Mrs. Elkins
 * Gary McCleery as Ludi

Critical response
Variety praised the acting in the film, writing, "Matewan is a heartfelt, straight-ahead tale of labor organizing in the coal mines of West Virginia in 1920 that runs its course like a train coming down the track. Among the memorable characters is Joe Kenehan (Chris Cooper), a young union organizer who comes to Matewan to buck the bosses. With his strong face and Harrison Ford good-looks, Cooper gives the film its heartbeat...Most notable of the black workers is 'Few Clothes' Johnson (James Earl Jones), a burly good-natured man with a powerful presence and a quick smile. Jones' performance practically glows in the dark. Also a standout is Sayles veteran David Strathairn as the sheriff with quiet integrity who puts his life on the line."

Film critic Vincent Canby lauded the acting and the cinematography in the film and wrote in his review, "There's not a weak performance in the film, but I especially admired the work of Mr. Cooper, Mr. Tighe, Miss McDonnell, Miss Mette, Mr. Gunton, Mr. Strathairn and Mr. Mostel. They may be playing Social-Realist icons, but each manages to make something personal and idiosyncratic out of the material, without destroying the ballad-like style. For the most part, Haskell Wexler's photography doesn't go overboard in finding poetry in the images."

Critic Desson Howe liked the look of the film and wrote, "Cinematographer Haskell Wexler etches the characters in dark charcoal against a misty background. You get the feeling of dirt, sweat and – despite the story's mythic intentions – the grim grey struggle of it all. And Sayles, struggling for authority from Return of the Secaucus 7 through The Brother from Another Planet, has finally tapped the vein."

Jonathan Rosenbaum called Matewan a "simpleminded yet stirring" film which "offers a bracing alternative to complacent right-wing as well as liberal claptrap. If Sayles’s bite were as lethal as his bark, he might have given this a harder edge and a stronger conclusion."

The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 94% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on 34 reviews.

Accolades
Cinematographer Haskell Wexler received an Academy Award nomination for Best Cinematography at the 60th Academy Awards.

In 2011, Empire ranked the film at number 21 on its list of the 50 Greatest American Independent Movies. Its description read, "The film not only marked a significant turning point in Sayles’ career (it was his first film to attract anything like a mainstream audience), it's arguably an even more relevant, cautionary tale today than it was during the Reagan/Thatcher controlled-climate of its release year."

In 2023, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant."

Locations
The film was made in West Virginia with the town of Thurmond standing in for Matewan. Other scenes were filmed along the New River Gorge National River.

Soundtrack
The film score features Appalachian music of the period composed and performed by Mason Daring, who frequently works on John Sayles' films. West Virginia bluegrass singer Hazel Dickens sings the film's title track, "Fire in the Hole", and appears in the film as a member of the Freewill Baptist Church whose voice is heard leading the congregation in an a cappella hymn ("What A Friend We Have in Jesus") and also sings over the grave of a fallen union miner, Hillard Elkins, ("Gathering Storm"). Dickens also sings "Hills of Galilee" over the closing credits.

The soundtrack was released on LP by Columbia. Other performers are John Hammond, Phil Wiggins (harmonica); Gerry Milnes, Stuart Schulman (fiddle), Jim Costa (mandolin); John Curtis (guitar), and Mason Daring (guitar, dobro).

title: Matewan


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Ferkelparade

Ferkelparade
final (18/0/0) ending 18:40 10 December 2004 (UTC)

I've seen Felkerparade do some great work, and he always seems to catch the vandalism on frequently vandalised articles. I think sysop powers would help him in this endeavour. He has been with the project since February 2004 and he has accumalated 1907 edits. J OHN C OLLISON [ Ludraman] 18:52, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Wow, thanks, I feel seriously honoured. I accept. -- Ferkelparade π 00:29, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Whoops, forgot to vote here! As the nominator, I of course support! J OHN C OLLISON [ Ludraman]
 * 2) Yes. Lst27 ( t a l k )  00:18, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) I thought he was one already, definately support. --fvw * † 13:03, 2004 Dec 4 (UTC)
 * 4) Also support. Sietse 14:09, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Support, impressive vandal hunting. Mgm|(talk) 23:11, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Hear, hear. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 23:41, 2004 Dec 4 (UTC)
 * 7) Tuf-Kat 06:18, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) Seriously, however much of a cliché, I can not believe Ferkelparade wasn't already, etc.--Bishonen (talk) 08:42, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) Absolutely: A good amount of time on the project, exposure to the tough spots, maintained poise throughout, good judgment. Geogre 14:42, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Andre ( talk )A| 16:47, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) Support, rollback functionality needs to be used by people like he. jni 16:57, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) 172 01:26, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) Wile E. Heresiarch 04:26, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 14) Yes and yes.  +sj. +  03:02, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 15) Noisy | Talk 18:55, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * 16) Michael Snow 00:07, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, rollback for FP. JFW | T@lk  09:08, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Support. ffirehorse 01:23, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Oppose

Neutral

Comments

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A. The way things are going right now, I have a fair amount of time during the day to monitor recent changes for obvious vandalism, and adminship would indeed be of great help there. I would probably also drop in occasionally on VfD and copyvio to clean up, but we'll see how that goes.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. This is probably a strange thing to say, but I was seriously flattered when I once had a vandal try to impersonate me . Other than that, I am somewhat proud that I once managed to stop a flood of vandalism by simply asking the trolls why they do it . Oh, and I quite like my articles on Karl Theodor and the chamois.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. Umm...yes, I guess. One of my first actions after starting to edit here was to stumble into Stettin and stir up a hornet's nest :P (I have pretty much steered clear of all Polish/German city articles since then). I also once got into an edit war on Almoravides, but I tried my best to resolve issues on the talk page. I don't think I completely managed to keep my cool, but judge for yourself. Other than that, I've had my share of fun with repeat vandals and people who completely fail to understand the concept of copyright violation, but I've never had any trouble with other editors.

-- Ferkelparade π 00:29, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:Politician~enwiki

Global Politician
No doubt David will eventually put something up here himself but meanwhile, on his behalf:

 * This is the user page of David Storobin, editor-in-chief of Global Politician, a journal that "is intended to be academic and non-biased"; its approach is similar (though not identical) to Wikipedia's NPOV; it has a somewhat higher tolerance of opinion in articles, but does not carry pure opinion pieces.

 * David has informed several of us of his intent to "donate" certain appropriate texts from Global Politician, appropriately cited, to Wikipedia as starts of articles, additional sections, etc. At first glance some of these may look like copyvios because they will be word-for-word from Global Politician beyond fair use, but he has the necessary intellectual property rights, so they are perfectly OK. As with any other material, unless someone is being directly quoted these can then be edited freely in Wikipedia and are liable to diverge over time from Global Politician's texts.

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File:Stereo Type A.jpg

Fair use in Stereo * Type A
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a CD/album cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD/album in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (scan/photo) of the album/CD cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the record company or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless.

title: File:Stereo Type A.jpg


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Parker (Stark novels character)

Parker is a fictional character created by American novelist Donald E. Westlake. A professional robber specializing in large-scale, high-profit crimes, Parker is the main protagonist of 24 of the 28 novels Westlake wrote under the pseudonym Richard Stark.

Writing style
Westlake wrote under many pseudonyms as well as his own name, but the Richard Stark pseudonym was notable both for the sheer amount of writing credited to it (far more than any other except Westlake's real name itself), as well as for Stark's particular style of writing, which was colder, darker, less sentimental, and less overtly humorous than Westlake's usual prose. For a period in the late 1960s, the Stark name was more well-known and more lucrative for Westlake than his real name. According to Westlake, he chose the name "Richard Stark" for actor Richard Widmark, whose performance in the film Kiss of Death impressed Westlake: "part of the character's fascination and danger is his unpredictability. He's fast and mean, and that's what I wanted the writing to be: crisp and lean, no fat, trimmed down ... stark." Westlake described the difference between Stark's style and his usual style in a 2001 article for The New York Times Book Review: "Stark and Westlake use language very differently. To some extent they're mirror images. Westlake is allusive, indirect, referential, a bit rococo. Stark strips his sentences down to the necessary information."

Overview
A ruthless career criminal, Parker has almost no traditional redeeming qualities, aside from efficiency and professionalism. Parker is callous, meticulous, and perfectly willing to commit murder. He does, however, live by one ethical principle: he will not double-cross another professional criminal with whom he is working, unless they try to double-cross him. Should that happen, Parker will unhesitatingly undertake to exact a thorough and brutal revenge.

Parker's first name is never mentioned in the novels, and there are many details about him which remain unknown. In fact, it is hinted throughout the series that the name "Parker" might itself be an alias.

In a 1981 introduction to a reprint of The Mourner (1963), Westlake's friend and fellow crime novelist Lawrence Block describes Parker as rare among anti-hero protagonists in that the character never develops a conscience. Block argues that novelists are generally "uncomfortable writing consistently from an antisocial perspective", and tend to soften such characters, a fate Parker avoids: "[Parker] never turns honest, or finds God, or starts working as a secret agent for the government." According to Block, a sign of Westlake's genius and the key factor in the character's durability, was the realization that "[a] mellow Parker is no Parker at all." Albert Frederick Nussbaum, a bank robber turned writer, notes that given Parker's "cold, methodical [and] humorless" habits, the character would be the villain in most books. But Nussbaum also identifies two critical elements that make Parker a sympathetic protagonist: he is surrounded by criminals even more ruthless than he and though Parker is capable of using violence he rarely if ever initiates violence except in self-defense.

Character
While in 1966's The Handle, Parker's age is explicitly stated to be 38, Parker is, essentially, an ageless character—in the various Parker novels that were written and take place over a span of 45 years, Parker always appears to be somewhere around 40.

Physically, Parker is described in the opening paragraphs of The Hunter as "big and shaggy, with flat square shoulders... His hands, swinging curve-fingered at his sides, looked like they were molded of brown clay by a sculptor who thought big and liked veins. His hair was brown and dry and dead, blowing around his head like a poor toupee about to fly loose. His face was a chipped chunk of concrete, with eyes of flawed onyx. His mouth was a quick stroke, bloodless." When asked about who he would cast as Parker, Westlake stated: "Usually I don’t put an actor’s face to the character, though with Parker, in the early days, I did think he probably looked something like Jack Palance. That may be partly because you knew Palance wasn’t faking it, and Parker wasn’t faking it either. Never once have I caught him winking at the reader." In The Man With the Getaway Face, Parker has plastic surgery in an attempt to evade The Outfit's retribution, so he's no longer recognizable to most who knew him before, though his general appearance (and the impression it makes on others) seems to be largely unchanged.

In terms of his interactions with others, Parker dislikes small talk, and has little use for social pleasantries. Instead, he prefers to converse as little as possible, and will end conversations abruptly once he feels that he has obtained the information he requires. Parker has few interests outside his work, and when he is planning or executing a heist, he is focused on it to the exclusion of almost everything else. However, once the heist is complete, Parker has an almost overwhelming desire to have sex. Though he has a wide range of professional contacts, Parker has no friends.

His first name is never revealed in the series, a decision Westlake has stated he made when thinking that The Hunter would be a standalone book and which he stuck to even though it complicated writing the subsequent books. Westlake himself never definitively settled on a first name for the character, once musing "I don't know what the hell it would be, maybe Frank."

No mention is ever made of Parker's family. While the events of previous novels are frequently referred to throughout the series, very little that happened in Parker's life before his appearance in The Hunter is ever discussed. In The Outfit, it is stated that he had been in the Army from 1942 to 1944 and had been given a bad conduct discharge for blackmarketeering.

The closest Westlake has ever come to alluding to Parker's childhood is in the novel Butcher's Moon, when Parker surveys the fictional city of Tyler and thinks to himself that it is a very different place from where he grew up. As well, in The Sour Lemon Score, it's mentioned that Parker was "born and raised in cities", but no further details are offered. In The Outfit Parker does state he had already been a thief for 18 years, and refers to a heist he committed in 1949. In Chapter 3 of The Man With the Getaway Face it is mentioned that Parker "owned a couple parking lots and gas stations around the country". He has virtually no involvement with the operation of these businesses, allowing the managers to skim profits in exchange for creating the appearance of Parker having a legitimate source of income to avoid suspicion from "internal revenue beagles".

In the essay The Gentrification of Crime, which appeared in the March 28, 1985 issue of The New York Review of Books, Lucy Sante (then known as Luc Sante) offered the following analysis of the character:

"In Parker's world there is no good or evil, but simply different styles of crime. There is no law, so Parker cannot be caught, but merely injured or delayed. The subversive implication is not that crime pays, but that all business is crime. Among the Homeric epithets that follow Parker from book to book is: 'He had to be a businessman of some kind. The way he looked, big and square and hard, it had to be a tough and competitive business; used cars maybe, or jukeboxes.' He is a loner, competing with conglomerates (the syndicate) and fending off marginal elements (psychotics, amateurs). He has no interest in society except as a given, like the weather, and none in power. He is a freebooter who acquires money in order to buy himself periods of vegetative quiet."

Contrary to what Sante says, Parker was arrested and imprisoned twice in the series—first in The Hunter for vagrancy, then much later, in Breakout after a heist goes wrong. In both cases, his real identity wasn't known to the authorities at the time of arrest, and he escaped both times from facilities with relatively low security. However, Parker's always very aware that the law is out there, and that his fingerprints are linked to the murder of a guard at a prison camp—which means that he has no chance of ever being released if caught and properly identified. In the original version of The Hunter submitted to publishers, Parker was stopped by the police at the end, and killed trying to escape. Bucklin Moon, an editor for Pocket Books, said he'd buy the novel, on condition that Parker got away, so that he could appear in a series of books, instead of just one.

In a similar tone, author Ian Sansom, in The Guardian (March 3, 2007), wrote of Parker as

"...always restless, always on the move; forever hunted, forever hunting, crisscrossing the country following the mighty dollar, trying to make his way in the only way he knows how: through scheming, cheating, and the exercise of brute force. But Parker is by no means merely evil, merciless or insane; the brilliance of the books lies in their blurring of the distinction between madness and sanity, justice and mercy. Parker is not so much sick as blank, with the deep blankness of... humanity stripped to its essentials... [he is] callous, unable to feel guilt for his actions, completely lacking in empathy and incapable of learning from his own bitter experience... we admire and yearn for Parker's demented sense of purpose: he feels no embarrassment or shame... he is never afflicted or careworn; he is, in the way of all existential heroes and madmen, somehow stenchless, blameless and utterly free."

Novel structure
Westlake used the same structure for many of the Parker novels, a method that Library Review described as "clever."

Each book is divided into four sections of roughly equal length, each in turn subdivided into shorter chapters. The first and second sections are written in a limited third-person perspective focused entirely on Parker as he plans and undertakes a robbery or heist with colleagues. The second section ends on a cliffhanger, as Parker is betrayed—often injured and left for dead. Section three shifts to the perspective of Parker's opponents, usually in flashback as they plan and execute their double-cross. Section four returns to Parker's perspective as he survives the plot against him and sets out for revenge.

Novels by Richard Stark
The first novel in Parker's series is The Hunter (adapted to film twice: as Point Blank in 1967, and as Payback in 1999), in which he chases a past associate who betrayed him in a heist and left him for dead. He survives, but is arrested by the police. Slowly and methodically, Parker tracks down Mal Resnick, his former accomplice, who intimidated Parker's weak-willed wife into shooting her husband after the job had been completed. When the gambling syndicate known as The Outfit refuses to return to Parker his share of the loot Resnick gave them to make good on a debt, Parker takes on The Outfit as well, a storyline that figures in several subsequent books in the series.

In subsequent novels, Parker is often at work, putting together a team of professionals to plan and execute daring heists. Parker's numerous memorable adventures include robbing an entire town in The Score, a football stadium in The Seventh, an island casino in The Handle, an Air Force base in The Green Eagle Score, and a rock concert in Deadly Edge. Always perfectly blueprinted heists, Parker's plans tend to go awry in the execution, sometimes due to bad luck but more often due to greed or incompetence on the part of Parker's less-experienced partners. The tension in the novels often comes from Parker having to work his way out of increasingly dangerous situations on the fly, as his carefully planned heist collapses around him—all while he tries to keep hold of both the money he stole, and his life. (And, often, he does so while endeavoring to exact revenge on those responsible for his troubles.)

Throughout the course of the series, Parker has operated under a number of pseudonyms, and it is implied that the name Parker itself is an alias. In the first novel in the series, Parker is arrested for vagrancy and is imprisoned in a work camp under the name Ronald Kasper, a name that is linked to his real fingerprints. In the next five novels in the series, The Man with the Getaway Face, The Outfit, The Mourner, The Score, and The Jugger, Parker lives comfortably in a Florida hotel under the name Charles Willis between jobs, but is forced to abandon this identity (and the money that goes with it) when police show up at his hotel at the end of The Jugger. In some later books, he uses Edward Latham as his "straight" name. It's mainly other heavy heisters and people who live outside the law who know him as Parker.

In the novel The Rare Coin Score, Parker meets Claire Carroll, the woman who will become his companion for the rest of the series. They live together somewhere in northern New Jersey in a lake house owned under the name Claire Willis (she took this surname from Parker's past). In the novel Backflash, their home is described as "a house on a lake called Colliver Pond, seventy miles from New York, a deep rural corner where New York and New Jersey and Pennsylvania meet... mostly a resort community, lower-level white-collar, people who came here three months every summer and left their 'cottages' unoccupied the rest of the year... For Parker, it was ideal. A place to stay, to lie low when nothing was going on, a 'home' as people called it, and no neighbors. In the summer, when the clerks came out to swim and fish and boat, Parker and Claire went somewhere else."

 * The Hunter (Pocket Books, 1962; re-released in 1999 under the title Payback as a movie tie-in by Grand Central Publishing)
 * The Man with the Getaway Face (Pocket Books, 1963) also published as The Steel Hit
 * The Outfit (Pocket Books, 1963)
 * The Mourner (Pocket Books, 1963)
 * The Score (Pocket Books, 1964) also published as Killtown
 * The Jugger (Pocket Books, 1965)
 * The Seventh (Pocket Books, 1966) also published as The Split
 * The Handle (Pocket Books, 1966) also published as Run Lethal
 * The Rare Coin Score (Gold Medal, 1967)
 * The Green Eagle Score (Gold Medal, 1967)
 * The Black Ice Score (Gold Medal, 1968)
 * The Sour Lemon Score (Gold Medal, 1969)
 * Deadly Edge (Random House, 1971)
 * Slayground (Random House, 1971 — first chapter shared with The Blackbird, a novel in Westlake's Alan Grofield series)
 * Plunder Squad (Random House, 1972)
 * Butcher's Moon (Random House, 1974)
 * Comeback (Mysterious Press, 1997)
 * Backflash (Mysterious Press, 1998)
 * Flashfire (Mysterious Press, 2000)
 * Firebreak (Mysterious Press, 2001)
 * Breakout (Mysterious Press, 2002)
 * Nobody Runs Forever (Mysterious Press, 2004)
 * Ask the Parrot (Mysterious Press, 2006)
 * Dirty Money (Grand Central, 2008)

Also appears in:

 * The Blackbird (1969) by Richard Stark — Parker appears only in the first chapter of this novel starring Alan Grofield.
 * Dead Skip (1972) by Joe Gores — Parker appears briefly in Chapter 18, in a sequence that was also described (from a different viewpoint) in Plunder Squad (1972). Gores hints further at the connection between the two books by referring to Parker's associates as "the plunder squad." Additionally, earlier in the novel, the book's protagonist is described as being a reader only of Richard Stark novels.
 * Jimmy the Kid (1974) by Donald E. Westlake — This novel in Westlake's John Dortmunder series features the gang planning a caper based on a Parker novel they have. Chapters alternate between Parker committing a kidnapping (in the otherwise unavailable novel Child Heist) and the Dortmunder gang screwing it up as they try to imitate Parker. Only a few chapters of Child Heist are featured, and this particular Parker story is not complete on its own.

Literary spinoffs and crossovers
The Westlake novel The Hot Rock (1970) was originally intended to feature Parker, but the plot, which involves a precious gem that is stolen, lost, stolen again, lost again, and so on seemed too comic a situation for the hard-boiled Parker, so Westlake rewrote the novel with a more bumbling and likable cast of characters, including John Dortmunder, who is Parker seen through a comic mirror. The third Dortmunder novel, Jimmy the Kid (1974), features a plot in which Dortmunder and his associates base a kidnapping on a plan from a (fictitious) Parker novel called Child Heist. Ironically, in the main Parker novels, Parker repeatedly expresses disgust for kidnappers. Good Behavior (1985) was originally intended as the seventeenth Parker novel following Butcher's Moon (1974), but, like The Hot Rock, was rewritten for Dortmunder. Good Behavior bore the dedication "To P., 1962-1974"—the dates the original Parker novels were published.

The Parker novel Plunder Squad (1972) contains a brief encounter with a San Francisco detective named Kearney, who is not looking for Parker but for one of his associates. The same encounter is described from Kearney's point of view in the Joe Gores DKA novel Dead Skip (1972). Westlake and Gores repeated the same trick in 1990 with matching sequences in the DKA novel 32 Cadillacs and the Dortmunder novel Drowned Hopes.

The second Dortmunder novel, Bank Shot has Dortmunder's new accomplice Herman X claim to have been involved in a robbery with Stan Devers, Mort Kobler (who appears in The Outfit) and George Cathcart (who briefly appears in the final Grofield novel, Lemons Never Lie). Dortmunder is familiar with Kobler and his friend Kelp knows Catchcart.

Portrayals
Parker has been portrayed numerous times in films. Westlake refused to allow productions to use the name unless a whole series of films were planned based on the novels. Substitute names were created—starting with Lee Marvin starring as Walker in Point Blank (based on The Hunter), Michel Constantin as Georges in Pillaged (based on The Score), Anna Karina as Paula Nelson in Made in U.S.A. (partly based on The Jugger), Jim Brown as McClain in The Split, Robert Duvall as Earl Macklin in The Outfit, Peter Coyote as Stone in Slayground, and Mel Gibson as Porter in Payback (the second screen adaptation based on The Hunter).

After Westlake's death, his widow, Abby, sold the screen rights to the novel Flashfire to producer Les Alexander and allowed for the name Parker to be used in the adaptation, with the option of further novels being adapted should the first one prove successful. Jason Statham was cast as the titular character in Parker. A decade later, it was reported that Shane Black had written a script for a film he's attached to direct titled Play Dirty, which is said to be based on the Parker series overall without specifying the novel it was based on. The project is intended to launch a franchise with a shared universe consisting of films and television series for Amazon Studios with the possibility of featuring other Westlake characters. Initially, Robert Downey, Jr. was set to portray Parker, but was replaced with Mark Wahlberg later on. Shooting is expected to commence sometime in early 2024.

Homages
Author Dan Simmons has paid homage to Westlake and his Parker character with three hard-boiled action novels featuring the character of Joe Kurtz, a past and current private investigator who spent time in Attica prison. The first novel, Hardcase, is dedicated to Richard Stark/Donald Westlake. In the third Kurtz novel, Hard as Nails, Kurtz mentions that he did not know his father, but that he was a career criminal thief who went by a single name and would have sex with women after a job, a clear reference to Parker.

Max Allan Collins authored a series of novels with a protagonist named "Nolan" who was an homage to Westlake's Parker. Collins said of the character: "[T]he concept was to take a Parker-like character who has reached the ancient age of 48 and wants badly to retire, and of course needs one last heist to do so."

The television series Leverage features a character named "Parker". As played by Beth Riesgraf, Parker is an expert thief, cat-burglar, pickpocket and safe-cracker. Like Stark's Parker, this character is also only known by the single name "Parker".

Jim Doherty's short story, "The Ghost of Dillinger," published in the anthology Tales from the Red Lion, pits his series cop, Dan Sullivan, against a legendary criminal named "Karper," whose backstory derives from Stark's Parker novels. Doherty contacted Westlake ahead of time to get approval for this deliberate homage to his character.

The graphic novel featuring Catwoman, Selina's Big Score, by Darwyn Cooke features a character resembling Parker, an experienced professional thief known only by his last name, Starka reference to the pseudonym used by Westlake for the Parker novels.

Films

 * Made in USA (1966) was based on the novel The Jugger and directed by Jean-Luc Godard. It starred Anna Karina as a journalist investigating the disappearance of her boyfriend. Characters were named after the writer David Goodis, director Don Siegel and actor Richard Widmark — people influential in the genre of film noir. The film's producer, Georges de Beauregard, did not complete payments for rights to the novel, so Westlake took him to court (after litigation Westlake was given North American distribution rights). The film had a theatrical release in the U.S. in 2009.
 * Point Blank (1967, MGM) was based on the novel The Hunter. It was directed by John Boorman and starred Lee Marvin as Walker, the Parker character. The film also starred Angie Dickinson, John Vernon, Carroll O'Connor and Keenan Wynn.
 * 'Pillaged' (1967) was a French film based on the novel The Score and directed by Alain Cavalier. Michel Constantin played Georges, the Parker character, and Franco Interlenghi appeared as Maurice, the Grofield character. An English-dubbed version, titled Midnight Raid, was distributed by United Artists to some territories in 1969. The film did not have a theatrical release in the U.S. until 2013, when it was screened at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA).
 * The Split (1968, MGM) was based on the novel The Seventh. It starred Jim Brown as McClain, the Parker character. It also starred Gene Hackman, Julie Harris, Diahann Carroll, Jack Klugman, Donald Sutherland, Warren Oates, James Whitmore and Ernest Borgnine.
 * The Outfit (1973, MGM) was based on the novel of the same name. It was directed by John Flynn and starred Robert Duvall as Earl Macklin, the Parker character. It also starred Joe Don Baker, Karen Black and Robert Ryan.
 * Slayground (1983) was based on the novel of the same name. It was directed by Terry Bedford and starred Peter Coyote as Stone.
 * Payback (1999) was based on the novel The Hunter. Writer/director Brian Helgeland was removed from the project after test screenings and new footage was written by Terry Hayes and directed by Paul Abascal. The film starred Mel Gibson as Porter, the Parker character. It also featured Gregg Henry, Maria Bello, David Paymer, Deborah Kara Unger, Kris Kristofferson, Lucy Liu and an uncredited James Coburn. Helgeland's version was released as Payback – Straight Up: The Director's Cut for a small theatrical run in 2006 and on DVD in 2007. This version's plot more closely follows the novel.
 * Parker, an adaptation of the novel Flashfire, was released in January 2013. Jason Statham stars as the title character, along with Jennifer Lopez, Nick Nolte, and Michael Chiklis.
 * Play Dirty is an upcoming film. Mark Wahlberg stars as Parker, along with LaKeith Stanfield, Rosa Salazar and Dermot Mulroney.

Comics

 * Darwyn Cooke wrote and illustrated a graphic novel based on The Hunter published by IDW in July 2009. The story is a faithful adaptation of the novel, retaining its 1962 setting. Cooke produced the work in consultation with Westlake (who died before he could see the final product). Westlake was reportedly impressed enough that he gave his blessing for Cooke to use the name Parker for the central character—something he had not allowed with any film adaptation of the Parker novels. Cooke went on to adapt The Outfit, released in October 2010. The third adaptation, The Score, was released in July 2012, and the fourth—Slayground—was released in January 2014. Slayground also contained an adaptation of The Seventh in abbreviated form as an added bonus. The contract to adapt the series had been extended past the intended four books, as Cooke wanted very much to adapt Butcher's Moon, and possibly others, but Cooke's death in 2016 left these plans unfinished.

title: Parker (Stark novels character)


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Chad national football team

The Chad national football team (منتخب تشاد لكرة القدم, Équipe du Tchad de football), nicknamed Les Sao (ساو), represents Chad in international football and is controlled by the Chadian Football Federation, the governing body for football in the country. The team has never qualified for the World Cup finals or Africa Cup of Nations. Home matches are played at the Idriss Mahamat Ouya Stadium. In April 2021, FIFA banned the Chad national football team from participating in global football over the Chadian government's interference with the Chadian Football Federation.

History
The Chadian Football Federation was founded in 1962 and became affiliated to FIFA and CAF in 1988.

Chad's national football team did not play a big role in world football until the 1990s. They did not enter any qualifiers for Continental or World Cups until the early 1990s when they played their first qualifying matches for the 1992 Africa Cup of Nations, hosted by Senegal. Until then, they played mostly friendly matches and minor cups, mostly with African teams.

The national team had a difficult start − the first match they ever played was in the L'Amitié Tournament, which took place in Senegal in 1963, and it was a 2–1 defeat to Liberia. Soon after, they suffered a 6–2 loss to Dahomey (now Benin).

The Chad national football team never qualified for either the Africa Cup of Nations or the World Cup. Their first participation in the World Cup qualifiers was in 2000 when they were eliminated in the first round by Liberia, losing 0–1 at home, and playing 0–0 away. They were coached by Marcel Mao. Their next attempt was in 2003, under Yann Djim, but they were eliminated by Angola. They won their first home game when Francis Oumar Belonga scored a hat trick, 3–1. They lost their away match 2–0, and went no further. The qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup brought more matches because they played in a group phase together with Mali, Sudan and Congo. They finished at the bottom of the group, with six points (two wins and four losses).

In the qualifying competition for the 2014 World Cup, Chad faced Tanzania in a first-round playoff. Tanzania advanced despite shockingly losing 1–0 at home at Dar es Salaam's National Stadium. The Taifa Stars were tipped for an emphatic victory over the visitors, having won the first-leg 2–1 in N'Djamena. Chad stunned the home side three minutes after the break when Mahamat Ahmat Labo struck to silence the home crowd. But Tanzania managed to progress to the next round thanks to the away goals rule as they were tied 2–2 on aggregate.

Chad played against Malawi in the qualifiers for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations. Chad won the first leg match 3–2, but lost 2–0 in Blantyre to be eliminated with an aggregate score of 4–3.

In the qualifiers for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, Malawi was the opponent once again. Chad lost 2–0 in the first leg at Kamuzu Stadium in Blantyre, but they won 3–1 in at Idriss Mahamat Ouya Stadium in N'Djamena, losing on the away goals rule. Forward Robin Ngalande turned into a savior for Malawi when he came off the bench to score a crucial late goal.

The biggest achievement for Chad so far is a CEMAC Cup (Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa) title in 2014, after beating Congo 3–2 in the final on December 14 in Bata, Equatorial Guinea. French-born Emmanuel Trégoat managed the team. Their previous best was a second place in the 2005 edition, when they lost to Cameroon in the final.

Les Sao had a disappointing start into their qualifying campaign for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations, losing 2–0 to Nigeria and slumping to a 5–1 defeat at home against Egypt. But it was then that things took a turn for the better, as coach Moudou Kouta, who was in charge of the side on an interim basis, took the team to an unexpected victory against Sierra Leone in the first round of the qualifiers for the 2018 World Cup. Les Sao won 1–0 at home and even though they were beaten 2–1 in the return leg, they advanced to the second round of the qualifiers on away goals. Chad sensationally defeated Egypt 1–0 at home in the second round before falling to a 4–0 defeat in Alexandria three days later.

In March 2016, the Chadian Football Federation announced they were withdrawing from the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification due to financial problems. The team was subsequently banned from entering the following edition, meaning they would play no official games for over three years until September 2019, when Chad lost 1–3 at home to Sudan in 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification. A month later Les Sao defeated Liberia on penalties to reach the Group Stage of 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification.

In March 2021, the Chadian government dissolved the Chadian Football Federation, leaving Chad facing a likely ban under FIFA regulations that prevent governments from interfering in the running of a country's football team. In April 2021, FIFA announced an indefinite ban from global football, citing the Chadian government's interference. Due to this decision, CAF disqualified Chad from its participation in the 2021 AFCON qualifiers.

Kits
During the independence of Chad, the team competed in international matches and played in a blue shirt, blue shorts, and red socks. These are the national colours of the French flag. In the 1970s, Chad's home colors changed to blue-yellow-red. Their first away kit in 1960 was white shirt, red shorts, and white socks. In 1980, the away kit color changed into red shirt, blue shorts, and yellow socks.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Coaching history

 * Vasily Sokolov (1967–1971)
 * Anzor Kavazashvili (1976–1977)
 * 🇹🇩 Moussarou Ngongolo (1998)
 * 🇹🇩 Yann Djim Ngarlendana (1998)
 * 🇹🇩 Douba Djibrine (1999)
 * 🇫🇷 Marcel Mao (2000)
 * 🇨🇲 Jean Paul Akono (2002–2003)
 * 🇹🇩 Yann Djim Ngarlendana (2003)
 * 🇹🇩 Yann Djim Ngarlendana (2005–2006)
 * 🇹🇩 Moudou Kouta (2006)
 * 🇹🇩 Natoltiga Okalah (2006–2007)
 * 🇹🇩 Mahamat Adoum (2007)
 * 🇹🇩 Natoltiga Okalah (2008)
 * 🇪🇬 Sherif El-Khashab (2009–2011)
 * 🇹🇩 Moudou Kouta (2011–2013)
 * 🇫🇷 Emmanuel Trégoat (2014–2015)
 * 🇨🇲 Rigobert Song (2015)
 * 🇹🇩 Moudou Kouta (2015–2016)
 * 🇹🇩 Djimtan Yatamadji (2019)
 * 🇫🇷 Emmanuel Trégoat (2019–2020)
 * 🇹🇩 Djimtan Yatamadji (2020–2023)
 * 🇹🇩 Kévin Nicaise (2023–present)

Current squad
The following players have been called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against the Central African Republic and Comoros on 5 and 11 June 2024, respectively.

Caps and goals current as of 5 June 2024 after the match against Central African Republic.

Recent call-ups
The following players have been called up for Chad in the last 12 months.

DEC Player refused to join the team after the call-up.

INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury.

PRE Preliminary squad.

RET Player has retired from international football.

SUS Suspended from the national team.

Player records

 * Players in bold are still active with Chad.

Honours

 * CEMAC Cup
 * Winners (1): 2014
 * Runners-up (1): 2015
 * UDEAC Championship
 * Runners-up (2): 1986, 1987

title: Chad national football team


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Symphony (disambiguation)

A symphony is an extended piece of music for orchestra, especially one in sonata form.

Symphony or Symphonic may also refer to:

Music

 * Symphony orchestra, an orchestra, which specializes in the performance of post-17th-century orchestral repertoire
 * Symphony song, genre in the age of Purcell
 * Symphonia, a name applied to several kinds of musical instruments in ancient times
 * Symphonic metal, a genre of metal that incorporates its style from symphonies
 * Symphony (El Khoury), a 1985 symphony by Bechara El Khoury
 * Symphonies (Sallinen), compositions by Aulis Sallinen

Bands

 * Symphony X, a progressive metal band

Albums

 * Symphony (album), a 2008 album by Sarah Brightman
 * Symphonic (Falco album), a live performance recorded in 1994 and released in 2008
 * Symphonic (Jorn album), released in 2013
 * Symphonies (EP), a 2011 remix EP by In Fear and Faith

Songs

 * "Symphony", a 1945 song made popular by numerous artists
 * "Symphony" (Clean Bandit song), a 2017 song by Clean Bandit and Zara Larsson
 * "Symphony", a 1992 song by Donell Rush
 * "Symphony", a 1999 song by EPMD from the album Out of Business
 * "Symphony" (Sarah Brightman song), on the same-named album from 2008
 * "Symphony", a 2011 Contemporary Christian song by Chris Tomlin from the album Passion: Here for You
 * "Symphony" (Imagine Dragons song), a 2022 song by Imagine Dragons from the album Mercury – Acts 1 & 2
 * "Symphonie", a 2004 song by Silbermond from the album Verschwende Deine Zeit
 * "Symphonies" (song), a 2009 song by British artist Dan Black from the album UN
 * "The Symphony" (song), a song by Marley Marl from the 1988 album In Control, Volume 1

Computer science

 * Symphony Communication a communication tool
 * Symphony (software), a distributed computing software
 * IBM Lotus Symphony, an office suite for Windows, Macintosh and Linux
 * Lotus Symphony (DOS), an office suite for DOS from the 1980s
 * Symphony, codename for Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005
 * COIN-OR SYMPHONY, a software library for solving a specific class of operations research problems
 * Symfony, a web application framework written in PHP
 * Symphony Laboratories, a defunct chipset designer

Radio, film and games

 * Symphony 92.4FM, a Singaporean radio channel
 * Symphony (video game), a 2012 music-based shoot-em-up video game
 * Symphony (film), a 2004 Malayalam-language Indian feature film directed by I. V. Sasi

Technology and brands

 * Symphony (MBTA station), an underground subway stop in Boston, Massachusetts
 * Symphony Aircraft Industries, a light aircraft manufacturer
 * Symphony Technology Group, a private company based in Palo Alto, California
 * Symphonic, a defunct electronics brand formerly manufactured by Funai
 * Symphony, a turbofan engine under development by Boom Supersonic

Other

 * Symphony (grape), a type of grape used to make white wine
 * Symphony, the ring name of professional wrestling valet Alicia Webb
 * Symphony (Agendia), a suite of gene assays
 * Symphony, the magazine of the League of American Orchestras
 * Symphony (candy), a chocolate candy bar manufactured by Hershey's
 * MS Symphony of the Seas, a huge 2018 cruise ship

title: Symphony (disambiguation)