text:
Freddie Aguilar

Ferdinand Pascual Aguilar (born February 5, 1953), better known as Freddie Aguilar, Ka Freddie Aguilar, or simply Ka Freddie, is a Filipino folk musician and singer-songwriter regarded as one of the pillars and icons of Original Pilipino Music (OPM). He is best known for his rendition of "Bayan Ko", which became the anthem of the opposition against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos during the 1986 People Power Revolution, and for his song "Anak", the best-selling Philippine music record of all time, selling 33 million copies worldwide. He is heavily associated with Pinoy rock.

He is well known internationally, claiming fame as one of the best musician-songwriters from the Philippines.

Early life
Aguilar began composing his own songs at age 14. Aguilar studied Electrical Engineering at De Guzman Institute of Technology but did not finish the degree program. Instead he pursued music, became a street musician, and then a folk club and bar musician. At the age of 18, Aguilar parted ways with his family and quit college; he started performing on stage at age 20. After realizing and regretting his mistakes five years after quitting college, he composed the song "Anak."

Influences
Freddie Aguilar's influences include British and American folk-rock stars like Cat Stevens and James Taylor. He is also heavily influenced by his Filipino heritage, nationalist feelings, and tries to constitute a musical exploration of the Filipino ethos.

Career
Aguilar first began performing in public in 1973, when he auditioned and was hired to play folk songs at ₱500 per gig at the Hobbit House in Ermita, Manila.

International acclaim
Aguilar's "Anak" not only broke the Philippine record charts in 1979, but it also hit the no. 1 spot in Japan and achieved considerable popularity in other countries as Angola, Japan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and parts of Western Europe. The song has become so famous that, by some counts, it has been recorded in as many as a hundred versions in 23 languages throughout the world. Billboard reported that the song was the number two world hit of the 1980s. According to Billboard, Aguilar was the second best-selling recording artist of 1981 in Europe. As of 2006, it was unsurpassed as the highest-selling record of Philippine music history.

Political activism
Even before Aguilar's rendition of "Bayan Ko," Aguilar created and performed songs targeted at social injustices. His album, Magdalena included songs about a girl forced into prostitution as a result of poverty and the Christian-Muslim clashes in his song Mindanao. After the album, Freddie Aguilar also sang about the injustices suffered by the powerless, poverty, and the arrogance of superpowers in a song about the U.S. and Russia.

Five years after the composition of "Anak", Freddie Aguilar joined protests against the Marcos regime and began writing and performing songs that criticized the excesses of the government. Some of the songs that caused him to be banned from mainstream media include: "Kata-rungan" or "Justice" (speaking for the unjustly accused), "Pangako" ("Promise") (a leader's unfulfilled pledges to an abandoned people), and "Luzvi-minda" (an acronym for Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, calling on Filipinos to wake up to the reality of oppression). One of the songs he was most remembered for during that time was his interpretation of "Bayan Ko" ("My Country"), in which he added a verse to the original piece.

"Bayan Ko" (My Country)
In 1978, Aguilar first recorded "Bayan Ko" in a patriotic effort to, in his words, "jolt back those who were starting to forget who we really are." He also provided a rendition of the song as it is inspiring and gave him excitement and a surge of power. The song was originally composed in 1928 by Constancio de Guzman, with lyrics by poet Jose Corazon de Jesus, during a time of struggle for Philippine independence from US occupation. It emerged once again during the Marcos regime as the unofficial anthem of the emergent "people" of the "People Power", the new democratic nation opposed to authoritarianism that is widely credited with the deposing of Ferdinand Marcos. In 1983, the assassination of Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino triggered massive demonstrations against the Marcos dictatorship, and Aguilar's rendition of "Bayan Ko" was blared on the radio and speakers mounted on jeepneys throughout the streets of Manila and the provinces of the Philippines. At the funeral of Senator Aquino, Freddie Aguilar sang "Bayan Ko" and felt that Aquino was a man of action who even gave his life for the freedom of the Philippines. During the performance, Freddie Aguilar did not feel scared anymore and felt strong and confident. He then decided to join the cause as well. Aguilar, along with APO Hiking Society and other Pinoy pop musicians who took a stand against dictatorship, joined other protest singers in music and street performances as part of the anti-Marcos rallies.

A few years later, Aguilar campaigned for the presidential candidacy of Corazon Aquino in the national election that would lead to the 1986 revolt.

Aguilar mentioned in an interview with ABS-CBN News that the lyrics of the song combines the love the Filipinos have for their country, commemorate the Aquino family, and commitment to the country. Even in this modern time, Filipinos will identify "Bayan Ko" as the nation's protest anthem.

Present day
On January 18, 2008, Aguilar received the Asia Star Award from the Asia Model Award Festival in Korea.

Aguilar still lives in the Philippines, and continues to perform. He has moved to his own place dubbed "Ka Freddie's".. He still has a strong following in the Philippines and among many Filipinos living overseas.

Aguilar has been advocating for the creation of a new department called "Department of Culture and Arts." During the campaign and the Inauguration of president Rodrigo Duterte, Aguilar performed “Para sa Tunay na Pagbabago”, which is one of Duterte's campaign jingles to the tune of Ipaglalaban Ko. Aguilar is President Duterte's favorite singer.

Aguilar ran for senator in 2019. Though running as an independent candidate, his candidacy was endorsed by President Duterte. However, he lost, placing 30th out of 12 seats up for election.

Personal life

In 1978, he married Josephine Queipo and with her had 4 children: Maegan, Jonan, Isabella, and Jeriko.

On October 17, 2013, Aguilar openly admitted, in spite of the controversy that followed, that he is in a relationship with a 16-year-old girl, Jovi Gatdula Albao (Muslim name Sittie Mariam), with plans to marry and even have children, as his partner insisted that she is willing to have a baby.

On November 22, 2013, Aguilar, under Islamic rites, married his partner in Buluan, Maguindanao. Aguilar had converted to Islam six months prior to these reports, so that he could marry his then 16-year-old girlfriend. His Muslim name is Abdul Farid.

On January 3, 2018, Aguilar's residence in North Fairview, Quezon City was destroyed by a fire, which was reported to have started at his music room. The fire destroyed most of Aguilar's valuables estimated at around ₱15 million, including his art collection, awards, musical instruments, records, and other personal memorabilia. Aguilar was at "Ka Freddie's", his bar & restaurant along Tomas Morato Avenue, during the fire. His wife, son Jonan, and mother-in-law were all inside his residence during the fire, but were able to escape unharmed with the help of their neighbors.

Discography

 * {|class="wikitable"

!Year !Title ! abbr="Label" | Record label
 * 1978
 * Anak
 * Vicor Music/Sunshine
 * 1979
 * Freddie Aguilar
 * PDU
 * 1980
 * Diyosa
 * Ugat Tunog ng Lahi/Vicor Music
 * 1980
 * Freddie Aguilar (US release)
 * RCA Records
 * 1983
 * Magdalena
 * G. Records International
 * 1987
 * Freddie Aguilar – Anak – Double "Best Of" Album
 * Panarecord International
 * 1987
 * EDSA
 * Ivory Music
 * 1988
 * Sariling Atin
 * Alpha Music
 * 1989
 * Hala Bira
 * Alpha Music
 * 1990
 * Heart of Asia
 * OctoArts International
 * 1991
 * Kumusta Ka
 * AMP
 * 1991
 * Freddie Aguilar
 * AMP
 * 1992
 * Pagbabalik Himig
 * Vicor Music
 * 1993
 * Minamahal Kita
 * Alpha Music
 * 1994
 * Anak (CD re-issue)
 * Vicor Music
 * 1994
 * Diwa Ng Pasko
 * Alpha Music
 * 1995
 * Fifteen Years of Freddie Aguilar (AMP release)
 * Aguilar Music
 * 1995
 * The Best of Freddie Aguilar
 * Alpha Music
 * 1997
 * Freddie Aguilar Live! Global Tour (Vols. 1, 2, 3)
 * Aguilar Music / Vicor Music
 * }
 * Anak (CD re-issue)
 * Vicor Music
 * 1994
 * Diwa Ng Pasko
 * Alpha Music
 * 1995
 * Fifteen Years of Freddie Aguilar (AMP release)
 * Aguilar Music
 * 1995
 * The Best of Freddie Aguilar
 * Alpha Music
 * 1997
 * Freddie Aguilar Live! Global Tour (Vols. 1, 2, 3)
 * Aguilar Music / Vicor Music
 * }
 * 1997
 * Freddie Aguilar Live! Global Tour (Vols. 1, 2, 3)
 * Aguilar Music / Vicor Music
 * }

Singles
In chronological order:

 * 1976 "Alaala"
 * 1978 "Anak"
 * 1978 "Bayan Ko"
 * 1980 "Pulubi"
 * 1980 "Bulag, Pipi at Bingi"
 * 1981 "Ang Buhay Nga Naman Ng Tao"
 * 1983 "Magdalena"
 * 1983 "Mindanao"
 * 1984 "Pinoy"
 * 1985 "Mga Bata Sa Negros"
 * 1985 "Ipaglalaban Ko"
 * 1986 "Katarungan"
 * 1987 "'Di Ka Nag-iisa"
 * 1988 "Estudyante Blues"
 * 1989 "Luzviminda"
 * 1989 "Pangako"
 * 1993 "Minamahal Kita"
 * 1994 "Kumusta Ka"
 * 1994 "Pasko Ang Damdamin"
 * 1994 "Mga Pilipino Kong Mahal"
 * 1994 "Ang Bansa Kong Maligaya"

Music videos

 * Anak (1980 original by Tops Of The Pops TV Variety Program In The Netherlands, new live version recorded by MYX Live in 2005)
 * Sa Ngalan Ng Ama (1980)
 * Magdalena (1984)

title: Freddie Aguilar


text:
Communication design

Communication design is a mixed discipline between design and information-development concerned with how media communicate with people. A communication design approach is concerned with developing the message and aesthetics in media. It also creates new media channels to ensure the message reaches the target audience. Due to overlapping skills, some designers use graphic design and communication design interchangeably.

Communication design can also refer to a systems-based approach, in which the totality of media and messages within a culture or organization are designed as a single integrated process rather than a series of discrete efforts. This is done through communication channels that aim to inform and attract the attention of the target audience. Design skills must be used to create content suitable for different cultures and to maintain a pleasurable visual design. These are crucial pieces of a successful media communications kit.

Within the Communication discipline, the emerging framework for Communication as Design focuses on redesigning interactivity and shaping communication affordances. Software and applications create opportunities for and place constraints on communication. Recently, Guth and Brabham examined the way that ideas compete within a crowdsourcing platform, providing a model for the relationships among design ideas, communication, and platform. The same authors have interviewed technology company founders about the democratic ideals they build into the design of e-government applications and technologies. Interest in the Communication as Design framework continues growing among researchers.

Communication design is a mixed discipline between design and information-development concerned with how media communicate with people. A communication design approach is concerned with developing the message and aesthetics in media. It also creates new media channels to ensure the message reaches the target audience. Due to overlapping skills, some designers use graphic design and communication design interchangeably.

Communication design can also refer to a systems-based approach, in which the totality of media and messages within a culture or organization are designed as a single integrated process rather than a series of discrete efforts. This is done through communication channels that aim to inform and attract the attention of the target audience. Design skills must be used to create content suitable for different cultures and to maintain a pleasurable visual design. These are crucial pieces of a successful media communications kit.

Within the Communication discipline, the emerging framework for Communication as Design focuses on redesigning interactivity and shaping communication affordances. Software and applications create opportunities for and place constraints on communication. Recently, Guth and Brabham examined the way that ideas compete within a crowdsourcing platform, providing a model for the relationships among design ideas, communication, and platform. The same authors have interviewed technology company founders about the democratic ideals they build into the design of e-government applications and technologies. Interest in the Communication as Design framework continues growing among researchers.

Overview
Communication design seeks to attract, inspire, and motivate people to respond to messages and to make favorable impact. This impact oriented toward the objectives of the commissioning body, which can be either to build a brand or move sales. It can also range from changing behaviors, to promoting a message, to disseminating information. The process of communication design involves strategic business thinking, including using market research, creativity, problem-solving, and technical skills and knowledge such as colour theory, page layout, typography, and creating visual hierarchies. Communication designers translate ideas and information through a variety of media. In order to establish credibility and influence audiences through the communication, communication designers use both traditional tangible skills and the ability to think strategically in design and marketing terms.

The term communication design is often used interchangeably with visual communication, but it maintains a broader meaning that includes auditory, vocal, touch, and olfactory senses. Examples of communication design practices include information architecture, editing, typography, illustration, web design, animation, advertising, ambient media, visual identity design, performing arts, copywriting and professional writing skills applied in the creative industries.

Education
Students of communication design learn how to create visual messages and broadcast them to the world in new and meaningful ways. In the complex digital environment around us, communication design has become a powerful means of reaching out to the target audiences. Therefore, it expands its focus beyond user-experiences to user-networks. Students learn how to combine communication with art and technology. The communication design discipline involves teaching how to design web pages, video games, animation, motion graphics, and more.

Communication Design has content as its main purpose. It must achieve a reaction, or get a customer to see a product in a genuine way to attract sales or effectively communicate a message. Communication design students are often Illustrators, Graphic Designers, Web designers, Advertising artists, Animators, Video Editors, Motion graphic artists, Printmakers, and Conceptual Artists. The term communications design is fairly general considering its interdisciplinary practitioners operate within various mediums to get a message across.

Subdisciplines

 * Advertising
 * Art direction
 * Brand management
 * Content strategy
 * Copywriting
 * Creative direction
 * Graphic design
 * Illustration
 * Industrial design
 * Information architecture
 * Information graphics
 * Instructional design
 * Marketing communications
 * Performing arts
 * Presentation
 * Technical writing
 * Visual arts

Visual communication design
Visual communication design is the design working in any media or support of visual communication. This is considered by some to be more accurate alternative terminology to cover all types of design applied in communication. It uses a visual channel for message transmission, reflecting the visual language inherent to some media. Unlike the terms graphic design (graphics) or interface design (electronic media), it is not limited to support a particular form of content.

Print media design
Print media design is a graphic design discipline that creates designs for printed media. Print design involves the creation of flyers, brochures, book covers, t-shirt prints, business cards, booklets, bookmarks, envelope designs, signs, letterheads, posters, CD cover, print media design templates, and more. The goal of print design is to use visual graphics to communicate a specific message to viewers.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Communication design


text:
User:Cecropia/Sandbox

About RfA
The community grants administrator status to trusted users who are familiar with Wikipedia policies. Admins are held to high standards, as they are often perceived as the "official face" of Wikipedia. Admins should be courteous and should exercise good judgment and patience in dealing with others. Nominees should have been on Wikipedia long enough for people to see whether they have these qualities. Almost all admin actions are reversible; being an admin is primarily an extra responsibility, as there are rules and policies that apply only to admins.

 * Nomination standards
 * ''See also: List of non-admins with high edit counts
 * There are no official prerequisites for adminship, other than a basic level of trust from other editors. However, some users set a variety of standards on a personal basis. You may nominate yourself. Some people apply higher standards to self-nominations, while others view them more favorably as showing initiative and desire to serve the community.

 * Nomination process

 * Any user in good standing may nominate any other user. Nominations remain for seven days from the time the nomination is posted on this page, during which time interested users register their opinions or make comments. At the end of that period, candidates who receive a general consensus to promote will be made admins. The bureaucrats who handle admin promotions review the discussion to see if a general consensus is present (the threshold for consensus here is roughly 75–80 percent support). Only bureaucrats may close or de-list a nomination as a definitive promotion or non-promotion. In the case of vandalism, improper formatting or a declined or withdrawn nomination, non-bureaucrats may choose to de-list a nomination but they are never empowered to decide on whether consensus has been achieved.

 * In exceptional circumstances, bureaucrats may extend the deadline or call for a revote if this will make the consensus more clear. If your nomination fails, please wait a reasonable period of time – at least a month – before nominating yourself again or accepting another nomination.

 * How to nominate an editor for adminship

 * To nominate either yourself or another user for adminship, follow the instructions on this page.

 * Voting and commenting

 * Who may vote: Any Wikipedian with an account is welcome to vote, including the nominator, however, votes for self are not counted.
 * Who may not vote: Editors who are not logged in ("anons"), or do not have an account. Votes of very new editors may be discounted if there is suspicion of fraud such as sockpuppetry.
 * To add your vote, click the "Vote here" link for the relevant candidate. You may then indicate whether you Support or Oppose the nomination by signing your name under the relevant heading.
 * Neutral votes are also permitted, but are not ordinarily counted in determining percentages, although they are considered by bureaucrats in borderline cases.
 * Please explain your vote, if possible, by including a short explanation of your reasoning, particularly when opposing a nomination.
 * Always be respectful towards others in your comments.
 * Discussions are held in the Comments section. Long discussions are held on the discussion page of the individual nomination. Anyone may comment or discuss, including anonymous editors.

title: User:Cecropia/Sandbox


text:
Bryce DeWitt

Bryce Seligman DeWitt (born Carl Bryce Seligman; January 8, 1923 – September 23, 2004) was an American theoretical physicist noted for his work in gravitation and quantum field theory.

Personal life
He was born Carl Bryce Seligman, but he and his three brothers, including the noted ichthyologist, Hugh Hamilton DeWitt, added "DeWitt" from their mother's side of the family, at the urging of their father, in 1950. In the early-1970s, this change of name so angered Felix Bloch that he blocked DeWitt's appointment to Stanford University and DeWitt and his wife Cecile DeWitt-Morette, a mathematical physicist, accepted faculty positions at the University of Texas at Austin. DeWitt trained in World War II as a naval aviator, but the war ended before he saw combat. He died September 23, 2004, from pancreatic cancer at the age of 81. He is buried in France, and was survived by his wife and four daughters.

Academic life
He received his bachelor's (summa cum laude), master's and doctoral degrees from Harvard University. His Ph.D. (1950) supervisor was Julian S. Schwinger. Afterwards, he held a postdoctoral position at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, worked at the Lawrence Livermore Lab (1952-'55), and then held faculty positions at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1956-'72) and, later, the University of Texas at Austin (1973-2004). He was awarded the Dirac Prize in 1987, the Pomeranchuk Prize in 2002, and the American Physical Society's Einstein Prize posthumously in 2005, and was a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Work
He pioneered work in the quantization of general relativity and, in particular, developed canonical quantum gravity, manifestly covariant methods, and heat kernel algorithms. DeWitt formulated the Wheeler–DeWitt equation for the wave function of the universe with John Archibald Wheeler and advanced the formulation of Hugh Everett's many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. With his student Larry Smarr, he originated the field of numerical relativity.

Books

 * Bryce DeWitt, Dynamical theory of groups and fields, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1965
 * Bryce DeWitt, R. Neill Graham, eds., The Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Princeton Series in Physics, Princeton University Press (1973), ISBN 0-691-08131-X.
 * S. M. Christensen, ed., Quantum theory of gravity. Essays in honor of the 60th birthday of Bryce S. DeWitt, Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1984.
 * Bryce DeWitt, Supermanifolds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985.
 * Bryce DeWitt, The Global Approach to Quantum Field Theory, The International Series of Monographs on Physics, Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-19-851093-2.
 * Bryce DeWitt, Sopra un raggio di luce, Di Renzo Editore, Roma, 2005.
 * Bryce DeWitt, Bryce DeWitt's Lectures on Gravitation, Steven M. Christensen, ed., Springer, 2011.

title: Bryce DeWitt


text:
Talk:The Milk-Eyed Mender

The Drag City page gives no information beyond what is on this page. It is their catalogue page. Please don't reinstate the link without giving cause here.Dr Zen 07:14, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It makes sense to link to Drag City's catalog: they release the album, from there one can get to Joanna Newsom's discography and tour info or explore related releases on the same label. Wikipedia often has more information about an album than the album article links do, that's no reason to ignore a link, and labels are linked constantly. The album is a product, the artist is a seller, and likewise there's no reason to ignore the label because it's "commercial". Plus the DC catalog entry tells us the album's cat number (DC263), that it was released as a CD and an LP, and that the LP is unavailable: all info that is not here in this article. —Tarnas 19:49, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 15:28, 28 July 2006 (UTC)
 * except "Inflammatory Writ" -W guice 13:25, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on The Milk-Eyed Mender. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100622031202/http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/7685-the-top-500-tracks-of-the-2000s-500-201/6/ to http://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/7685-the-top-500-tracks-of-the-2000s-500-201/6/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:08, 30 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on The Milk-Eyed Mender. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090113091216/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/40568-the-top-100-albums-of-2000-04-part-two to http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/40568-the-top-100-albums-of-2000-04-part-two
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041107090830/http://www.dragcity.com/catalog/records/dc263.html to http://www.dragcity.com/catalog/records/dc263.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:24, 24 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Milk-Eyed Mender


text:
Talk:Canadian Auto Workers

CAW suport for the Bloc
Anon: Do you have any evidence that the CAW backs the Bloc? - SimonP 07:15, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

Yes ther was a rally with Buzz Hargrove, Jack Layton and Gills Duceppe on supporting anti-scap labor and Buzz Hargrove will back the Bloc in Quebec because the bloc is more populer then the NDP and ther both Social Democratic Partys that will support union rights and did you know that Gills Duceppe was a Union organiser.
 * That is theory, do you have any actual evidence that the super-nationalistic CAW backs the separatist Bloc. - SimonP 08:22, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

Buzz Hargrove will not support separation but he will back the bloc in Quebec because of stronger support in Quebec then the NDP
 * Do you have some evidence for this? - SimonP 08:33, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

It came out of Buzz Hargoves Mouth
 * In the 2004 election, just a few months ago, the CAW backed the NDP across the country. Since then Hargrove has stated that the NDP and Bloc should work together in parliament, but to my knowledge the CAW has never aided the Bloc in an election or given the party its endorsement. - SimonP 08:41, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

Ok type this on the search engien (Buzz Hargrove Bloc Quebecois) and you will see that Buzz Hargrove will support the Bloc Quebecois.

The most I get from that search is that Hargrove stated that the NDP "should consider working with the popular Bloc in a left-wing alliance in the Commons". - SimonP 02:07, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Here is some evidence that thay also support the Bloc.

Lists
Just added the "Major Employers" bit. There are a lot of red links I know, but I'll see if I can knock a few of them down. I'm putting in a related link to a complete list (uhg another list) of union Locals as well. They're ALL red to start, so feel free to pitch in. :) --Bookandcoffee 05:03, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Good work adding the companies, the red links show some of the gaps that need to be filled. I do question whether each local need its own article. Maybe it would be better to have a Canadian Auto Workers locals article, or series of articles, that give a paragraph or two to each local, rather than an entire article for each one. - SimonP 13:45, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmm. I don't know about the list thing either, except each local does have its own history and regional politics... These are fairly large organizations, ranging from 20,000 members down to several hundred, with separate histories from the 30's. I'd be tempted to keep the list and use it as a timeline history of the growth of the CAW, but still leave each Local on their own. Give me a few days to wack together a start on my local and see what you think... --Bookandcoffee 15:57, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

History rewrite
I replaced the following section of history.

The union began as the Canadian division of the United Auto Workers, founded in the 1930s. In the 1980s, Canadian labour began to become far more militant than their American counterparts. The focus of union activity had also changed. High wages and good benefits from the auto-companies had been achieved and the union saw the greater threat as coming from the federal government. This made large national unions that covered many industries more useful than international unions limited to only one industry. In 1984, the Canadian section of the UAW, under the leadership of Bob White and his assistants Buzz Hargrove and Bob Nickerson, broke from the UAW because the American union was seen as giving away too much in the way of concessions during collective bargaining. Also the UAW had been lobbying the U.S. Congress to force the transfer of auto production from Canada to the U.S. and another major issue to the Canadians was the lack of a representative voice during the UAW's conventions. In 1985 the split from the American union was complete and Bob White was acclaimed as the first President of the CAW. He went on to serve 3 terms as president. I think the main changes of this edit are: I am unsure of the correct balance these forces played, (having an interest in the CAW as a member, not a historian), and would be glad of additional editing and balancing by others.--Bookandcoffee(Leave msg.) 23:57, 18 November 2005 (UTC)
 * more emphasis on the differences in job related issues, and less on the political agenda of Canadian Labour.
 * no mention of "greater threat as coming from the federal government"
 * reduced role of militancy in Canada

The CAW also supports the Liberal Party of Canada
 * Please do some reasearch. Buzz Hargrove is not the totality of the CAW, at that same meeting today the 900 CAW representatives voted to officially to endorse the NDP. The CAW has officially endorsed the New Democrats. - SimonP 04:32, 3 December 2005 (UTC)

Infobox
I added an infobox to this page. It is currently being proposed as a template within a new project at WikiProject Organized Labour. Your comments would be greatly appreciated.--Bookandcoffee 06:35, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * The Infobox has been updated with the actual template from Infobox Union.--Bookandcoffee 06:51, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Liberal Support Fallout
In convention held today in Vancouver, the CAW officially severed ties with the NDP. This is in direct response to the suspension of Buzz Hargrove from the NDP by Ontario Provincial Council in 2006. They also reaffirmed their support of stratigic voting next federal election. Such changes should be reflected within the article, but I do not know how to put them into the article without changing the format. --Canwaf 20:27, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Current strike
This article needs information on the current GM strike. -- Gordon Ecker (talk) 23:34, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

History of UAW/CAW
In this section, the second sentence states: "The UAW was founded in August 1935, and the Canadian Region of the UAW was established in 1937 at General Motors's Oshawa, Ontario plant after a contentious and violent strike." What evidence is there that this strike was violent? A description of the strike is available here and. There is mention of 400 police being sent, but against the wishes of the local mayor who states the strikers were peaceful. Also not sure about the use of the word contentious; is any strike not contentious? (ie contentious literally means argumentative, which is in effect what strikes are intrinsically about).--Goldsztajn (talk) 12:08, 3 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Removed "contentious and violent".--Goldsztajn (talk) 08:37, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Charles Brooks (1915-1977)
I'm about to wikify the above article, about a leader of the Canadian Auto Workers. We already have articles on a number of different Charles Brooks, so it is important to distinguish this one. But we don't usually use the dates of birth and death to do so, rather we use the occupation or grounds for notability. So I was thinking of Charles Brooks (labour union activist), but does it sound right in Canadian English. I'm in the UK and would normally say "trade unionist", and I think the Americans might say "labor union activist", but if you can tell me what you would say in Canada then that would be most appropriate. Some redirects could be set up if necessary. I take it that you agree that the subject is notable. Itsmejudith (talk) 21:08, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

I have a question about pension. I used to work in Scarborough plant in the late 70's for about a year and a half. I moved out west, where I live now. I was wondering if what I paid into for pension was still accessible to me now. Could you let me know. My name is Vito Bommarito and my address is my full name @hotmail.ca. Thank You — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.180.221.84 (talk) 19:42, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Canadian Auto Workers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090403150353/http://business.theglobeandmail.com:80/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090331.wgm0331/BNStory/Business/home to http://business.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090331.wgm0331/BNStory/Business/home

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:49, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Canadian Auto Workers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090313035141/http://business.theglobeandmail.com:80/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090309.wdecloet0310/BNStory/robColumnsBlogs/home to http://business.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090309.wdecloet0310/BNStory/robColumnsBlogs/home
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090418172951/http://business.theglobeandmail.com:80/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090414.wrfiat15/BNStory/Business/home? to http://business.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090414.wrfiat15/BNStory/Business/home

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:07, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Canadian Auto Workers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20061215231846/http://www.therecord.com/fed_election2006/fed_election2006_06012581528.html to http://www.therecord.com/fed_election2006/fed_election2006_06012581528.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090313013144/http://www.google.com:80/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5hj8fbrVBMQeu70Pw38EaSxlnTpsg to http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5hj8fbrVBMQeu70Pw38EaSxlnTpsg

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 08:57, 9 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Canadian Auto Workers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110714122949/http://www.mross.com/law/Publications/Archives?contentId=600 to http://www.mross.com/law/Publications/Archives?contentId=600
 * Added tag to http://www6.autonet.ca/News/Story.cfm?Story=%2FNews%2F2005%2F03%2F02%2F947442.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081123013323/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081121.wcdeals1121/BNStory/National/home to http://www.edmontonsun.com/Business/News/2008/11/20/7474801.html
 * Added tag to http://www.am770chqr.com/News/Business/Article.aspx?id=92681
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090410073430/http://www.financialpost.com/scripts/story.html?id=1357929 to http://www.financialpost.com/scripts/story.html?id=1357929
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090402161023/http://www.financialpost.com/scripts/story.html?id=1343240 to http://www.financialpost.com/scripts/story.html?id=1343240
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://business.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090414.wrfiat15/BNStory/Business/home

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:12, 30 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Canadian Auto Workers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090215053440/http://www2.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=63a938bc-58fa-4795-9ec4-10741d105193 to http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=63a938bc-58fa-4795-9ec4-10741d105193
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090215051012/http://www2.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=c07f9882-2f99-4479-b067-831ac302129a to http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=c07f9882-2f99-4479-b067-831ac302129a
 * Added tag to http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2008/11/19/kelly-mcparland-stop-the-revolution-the-caw-wants-to-get-off.aspx
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20081216160636/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/story.html?id=1073285 to http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/story.html?id=1073285

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:48, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Canadian Auto Workers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.rabble.ca/babble/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic&f=12&t=001276&p=
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081123013323/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081121.wcdeals1121/BNStory/National/home to https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081121.wcdeals1121/BNStory/National/home
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160128214155/http://www.canada.com/CAWkeen+extend+GMdeal+Ford+Chrysler/1394268/story.html to http://www.canada.com/CAWkeen+extend+GMdeal+Ford+Chrysler/1394268/story.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:32, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Auto Workers


text:
Kinetic typography

Kinetic typography—the technical name for "moving text"—is an animation technique mixing motion and text to express ideas using video animation. This text is presented over time in a manner intended to convey or evoke a particular idea or emotion.

History
With the advent of film and graphic animation, the possibility of matching text and motion emerged. Examples of animated letter-forms appeared as early as 1899 in the advertising work of Georges Méliès. Early feature films contained temporal typography, but this was largely static text, presented sequentially and subjected to cinematic transitions. It was not until the 1960s that opening titles began to feature typography that was truly kinetic. Scholars recognize the first feature film to extensively use kinetic typography as Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest (1959). This ball's opening title sequence—created by Saul Bass—contained animated text, featuring credits that "flew" in from off-screen, and finally faded out into the film itself. A similar technique was also employed by Bass in Psycho (1960).

Since then, the use of kinetic typography has become commonplace in film introductory titles and television advertisements. More recently, it has been a central feature of numerous television idents, notably Martin Lambie-Nairn's first ident for the British Channel 4 television network in use from 1982.

Categories
Y. Y. Wong has proposed that it is important to distinguish between the properties of form (e.g. colour and font) and of behaviour (e.g. qualities of movement) in temporal typography. It is necessary to make this distinction in order to classify kinetic typography in ways that acknowledge their difference to static type (which may share properties of form, but not kinetic behaviours). Kinetic typography is therefore categorised according to behaviours or action, rather than appearance.

In classification, kinetic typography is a form of temporal typography (typography that is presented over time). It is distinct from other forms of temporal typography including 'serial presentation', which involves the sequential presentation of still typographic compositions.

Layouts
Barbara Brownie's model of temporal typography divides kinetic typography into 'motion typography' (subdivided into 'scrolling typography', 'dynamic layout') and 'fluid typography'.

Motion typography
In dynamic layout, text elements move in relation to one another. Letters and words may move away from one another on a 2D plane, or in three-dimensional space. Likewise, scrolling typography can scroll across the flat screen, or can appear to recede or advance. An iconic example is the Star Wars opening crawl inspired by the Flash Gordon serials.

Fluid typography
In fluid typography, letterforms change and evolve without necessarily changing location. An example is the subtitles of the international release of Night Watch: In a scene in which a character is being called by a vampire, he is in a pool and the camera is underwater. The caption appears as blood red text that dissolves as blood would in water.

Production
Kinetic typography is often produced using standard animation programs, including Adobe Flash, Adobe After Effects, and Apple Motion. The effect is most often achieved by compositing layers of text such that either individual letters or words can be animated separately from the rest.

title: Kinetic typography


text:
JBW

JBW Cars was a British racing car manufacturer in the late 1950s, who were a Formula One constructor from to 1961.

Brian Naylor, an amateur driver from Stockport, financed his mechanic Fred Wilkinson to build a number of sports cars that were competitive against second-level national fields but were not competitive on the international stage. As well as constructing their own sports racers, JBW also prepared and entered Cooper single-seater racing cars for Naylor to drive in Formula Two and occasional Formula One events.

Formula One
Following two seasons competing in Formula Two races with the JBW Cooper T43 and T45, Brian Naylor decided to enter Formula One proper in 1959. To achieve this Fred Wilkinson constructed a car — the JBW Type 1 — that was strongly influenced by the contemporary Cooper designs, and carried its Maserati 2.5 L engine behind the driver. The first appearance of the JBW-Maserati was at the pre-season BRDC International Trophy non-Championship race at Silverstone, on 2 May 1959. Naylor arrived too late to post a qualifying time, and retired on lap 41 of the race with gearbox failure. On 18 July Naylor appeared in the JBW car at the 1959 British Grand Prix at Aintree. Although he managed to qualify ahead of such well known drivers as Tony Brooks, Jack Fairman and Ivor Bueb, again the JBW let Naylor down and the car's transmission failed on lap 18. One final outing that year resulted in a failure even to qualify, after Naylor suffered an accident during practice for the Gold Cup race at Oulton Park on 26 September.

The JBW Type 1 did not appear again until the following year's International Trophy race, on 14 May 1960. While Naylor and the JBW-Maserati qualified in 25th and last place, by the finish he had worked his way up to 11th position, the car lasting the distance for the first time in a competitive event. Unfortunately for Naylor, the first race of the World Championship season, the 1960 Monaco Grand Prix, was not to provide such positive results and he once again failed to qualify. However, his next race, the 1960 British Grand Prix provided Brian Naylor with his best ever Championship finish, after he came home in 13th place, having qualified in 18th place. His run of form continued at the Brands Hatch Silver City Trophy event on 1 August, where he finished 11th. Things appeared even to be looking up for the JBW team when Naylor qualified the JBW-Maserati in 7th position for the 1960 Italian Grand Prix at Monza, but his luck had begun to change and the car's gearbox failed on the 42nd lap. One further World Championship race (in the USA) and two non-Championship events in the remainder of the 1960 season all resulted in early retirements.

The JBW-Maserati had further outings in the 1961 Intercontinental Formula events, but on each occasion Naylor failed to finish. The car also ran with a 1.5-litre Maserati engine in some non-Championship events, but with no better result. For the World Championship and most other Formula One events Naylor and Wilkinson decided to switch to Coventry Climax power, and redesigned the JBW car around their FPF, 1.5 L straight-4 motor. This new car — the JBW Type 2 — made its first appearance at the British Empire Trophy race at Silverstone (ironically an Intercontinental Formula event), but failed to finish. It also failed to reach the finishing flag in its only World Championship event, the 1961 Italian Grand Prix, but only a week later provided Naylor with his best ever finish when he took 9th place in the 1961 International Gold Cup at Oulton Park. Naylor only made one further appearance in the JBW-Climax, and retired on the first lap of the Brands Hatch-hosted Lewis-Evans Trophy. At the end of the 1961 season, and in increasingly poor health, Naylor retired from competition and wound up JBW Cars.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (results in bold indicate pole position) (results in italics indicate fastest lap)

$1$ Constructors' Championship not awarded until.

$1$ Ineligible for Constructors points.

title: JBW


text:
Talk:Pine Mountain, Harris County, Georgia

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Pine Mountain, Harris County, Georgia. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 23:50, 1 July 2016 (UTC)


text:
Pinoy rock

Pinoy rock, or Filipino rock, is the brand of rock music produced in the Philippines or by Filipinos. It has become as diverse as the rock music genre itself, and bands adopting this style are now further classified under more specific genres or combinations of genres like alternative rock, post-grunge, ethnic, new wave, pop rock, punk rock, funk, reggae, heavy metal, ska, and recently, indie. Because these genres are generally considered to fall under the broad rock music category, Pinoy rock may be more specifically defined as rock music with Filipino cultural sensibilities.

1960s: Early years
In the early 1960s, electric guitars, drum sets, amplifiers, and echo machines became more available. Filipino instrumental bands popularly called "combos" formed all over the country. They emulated American and British bands like the Fireballs, the Ventures, the Gamblers, and the Shadows. Ramon Jacinto (RJ) and his band the Riots were considered the Ventures of the Philippines.

The arrival of the Beatles in 1966 signaled the end of instrumental music as a genre. Influenced by the British Invasion of which the Beatles were a part of, many Filipino bands began adopting similar musical styles. The Dynasonics (later known as the Dynasouls, and also known as the "Pinoy Beatles") were the premier Beatles band in the country. Other popular combos of the era were D'Swooners (featuring Edmond Fortuno, future drummer for Juan de la Cruz Band and Anak Bayan), D'Downbeats (featuring Pepe Smith, future drummer / lead vocalist for Speed, Glue & Shinki and Juan de la Cruz Band), who were the top billed opening act for The Beatles concert on July 4, 1966, at the Rizal Memorial Coliseum in Manila, the Hi-Jacks (featuring Eddie Mesa, "The Filipino Elvis"), the Bits N’ Pieces, the Boots 'n' Saddles, the Moonstrucks, Tilt Down Men and hundreds of others.

Only a few years earlier, teens formed informal groups using instruments like ukuleles, guitars, and gas cans with a single rope for a stand-up bass and often without amplification. It was similar to the British with their skiffle music, except that Pinoys sang Elvis's songs, not railroad songs. One of the first popular Filipino rockers was Bobby Gonzales, had a hit called "Hahabol-Habol". Eddie Mesa, another teen idol from the period, became known as the "Elvis Presley of the Philippines". As in the 1960s, many Filipinos referred then to rock bands as "combos". Many of these used nontraditional instruments like floor-bass bongos, maracas, and gas tanks.

Easy listening was the popular genre for much of the decade which saw the popularity of Patti Page, Jo Stafford, Perry Como, and Pat Boone, among others. Ricky Nelson, Paul Anka, and Neil Sedaka became teen favorites in the last years of the 1950s. Rock as Filipinos know it did not really attract teenage Filipinos attention until the Ventures and the Shadows came along.

1970s: Manila sound and classic Pinoy rock
Into the early 1970s, Filipino music was growing more nationalistic and socio-political in nature, as well as using Tagalog more often. Pop music still dominated the airwaves with disco and funk bands such as Hotdog (band) and APO Hiking Society. Songs like Hotdog's "Ikaw ang Miss Universe ng Buhay Ko" ("You're the Miss Universe of My Life") combined Filipino and English (also known as Taglish) within the same song. Rico J. Puno's cover of "The Way We Were" dominated the airwaves in the mid 1970s and slowly but surely, the popularity of Pinoy pop continued till the end of the decade. Coinciding with the slow demise of that genre was the birth and acceptance of OPM rock. This helped innovate the so-called "Manila sound". Coincidentally, punk and grunge music were re-directing musical trends world-wide and Pinoy rockers followed suit in no time with their own original material.

At this point in time, emerging social and political consciousness somehow crept into the industry with the traditional allied genres that are folk and rock music. Folk musicians and bands included Freddie Aguilar, Asin, Heber Bartolome and Florante. (In 1978, Freddie Aguilar's debut single, "Anak", became the most commercially successful Filipino recording in history. The song became known also in other Asian countries and in Europe.) Perhaps Asin, an ethnic-folk band, was the first commercial band to successfully bring a pro-environment song to the airwaves with "Masdan Mo ang Kapaligiran". Also famous for providing subtle rebellious (anti-Marcos dictatorship sentiment was growing at that time) and peace messages behind its skillful vocal harmonizing, Asin gave the masses hits such as "Bayan Kong Sinilangan (Cotabato)" and "Balita".

Juan de la Cruz Band, a garage and blues-rock influenced group consisting of drummer Joey "Pepe" Smith, bassist Mike Hanopol, and lead guitarist Wally Gonzales, are often credited for ushering in the first "rock & roll revolution" in the Philippines that lasted from the late 1960s to the late 1970s (also known as the "Golden Age of Pinoy Rock").

Being influenced by the counterculture, the bands of the 1970s were known to have never been sidelined commercially and sometimes took the center stage by storm. The radio station DZRJ, particularly the AM weekend "Pinoy Rock and Rhythm" show hosted by the ex-Fine Arts student from Philippine Women's University named Dante David, also known as Howlin' Dave, provided the much-needed support and publicity to Pinoy rock during this era.

1980s
In the early to mid-1980s, groups like RP, with Goff Macaraeg and Bob Aves, Nuklus, Sinaglahi, UP Sintunado, Patatag, Tambisan, and soloists like the nationalist folk rock singers Paul Galang and Jess Santiago, the progressive folk duo Inang Laya, the progressive Pinoy rock band the Jerks, and Noel Cabangon were a hit on street concerts and campus tours. These groups of artists reunited and formed Buklod (Bukluran ng mga Musikero para sa Bayan), which later Rom Dongeto of Sinaglahi, Noel Cabangon, and Rene Bongcocan of Lingkod Sining took as their new band name when it disbanded after the EDSA Revolution.

The Dawn is another Pinoy rock band that emerged in the 1980s; the songs that they created were influenced by new wave and post-punk. The Dawn released their independently released single "Enveloped Ideas" in 1986.

Many music journalists and enthusiasts, as well as musicians themselves, attributed the flourishing in the mid-1980s of new wave and post-punk influenced bands to DWXB-FM, which began playing independently released singles of unsigned local bands. Other bands emerged, including Dean's December, Ethnic Faces, Identity Crisis, and Violent Playground, all of which were able to record and release their respective albums in the years that followed.

Another band named the Wuds was formed in the 1980s; its members were composed of Alfred Guevara (bass), Bobby Balingit (guitar) and Aji Adriano (drums). The group was established in July 1983. Guevara and Bobby Wuds Balingit were sing-along home boys that were born and bred in the streets of a tough Manila neighborhood. Before forming the group, Guevera and Balingit had first created an acoustic folk singing group called Think God, playing covers of James Taylor and Crosby, Stills and Nash songs at various Shakey's Pizza parlors in the Philippines. They changed their name to the Woods, after the Jethro Tull album Songs from the Wood. Bobby Wuds continues to perform; he attended a street concert in Baguio City during the Baguio Day Celebrations in 2012 that was organized in Assumption Road by Christel Pay Seng.

1990s
During the start of the decade, The Hayp, Introvoys and After Image were among the prominent bands receiving mainstream recognition. An underground music scene was already burgeoning in some unknown bars in Manila. Red Rocks (which later became Club Dredd), together with Mayric's (Sazi's Music Bar) and Kampo (Yosh in the mid '90s), were the only venues where unsigned bands were allowed to play their own songs. Bands were influenced by such genres as power pop, shoegaze, post-punk, alternative rock (Eraserheads, Color It Red, The Youth, Half Life Half Death, Feet like Fins, Advent Call, Alamid, Parokya Ni Edgar), Dominion Gothic, hard rock, heavy metal (Razorback, Askals, Wolfgang, Dahong Palay), hardcore Loads of Motherhood, RDA, punk Philippine Violators, Bad Omen and death metal (Skychurch, Genital Grinder, Death After Birth, Disinterment, Mass Carnage, Savannah's tool, Aroma, Kabaong ni Kamatayan, Barang, WUDS, Yano, Bad Omen, Rumblebelly, Disinterment (Death Metal Philippines), Dethrone, Signos (Cebu City's underground death metal) and Iconoclast.

The late 1980s and early 1990s marked the beginning of what was known as the era of underground rock and progressive music, with NU107.5 playing unknown bands through Francis Brew's "In the Raw". It was through this station that many of the prominent and promising rock bands were discovered such as The Breed, GreyHoundz, Slapshock, Sugar Free, Fatal Posporos, Itchy Worms, Peryodiko, Monsterbot, Tanya Markova, Pedicab, and many others. NU107.5 was the only radio station that played music longer than the standard radio format would allow, as well as soundtracks (The Reel Score). Apart from allotting air time to new and known foreign rock bands such as Save Ferris, Veruca Salt, Metallica, Firehouse, Bon Jovi, Harem Scarem, Audioslave and Soundgarden etc., it gave full exposure to Filipino groups such as Sugar Hiccup, Eraserheads, Imago, Cynthia Alexander, Parokya ni Edgar, Wolfgang, Razorback, Ciudad, Teeth, Urbandub, Put3ska, Tropical Depression, Rivermaya, Yano, Siakol, and Cheese. Its prestigious NU107 Rock Awards honored the Philippine rock industry's best and brightest for 17 years.

To add to the plight of the underground bands, radio stations would not play their music due to the payola system in the radio industry despite the fact that most of these bands, if not all, had self-produced (indie) albums. But DWLA 105.9 challenged the current system by providing a venue for the bands to broadcast their original songs. Pinoy rock enthusiasts were finally elated to hear their favorite underground bands ruling the airwaves.

The commercial success of Eraserheads paved the way for more Pinoy rock acts such as Rivermaya, Siakol, Rizal Underground and The Youth getting record deals and spawning singles such as "Ulan" and "Bilanggo". Some brave all-female bands got signed (Kelt's Cross, Tribal Fish, Agaw Agimat) and a few solo artists as well (Maegan Aguilar, Bayang Barrios, DJ Alvaro). Rappers crossed over with great success (Francis M with Hardware Syndrome and Erectus), despite some earlier controversy with hip hop-bashing allegedly incited by some artists. These bands adopted a variety of influences both in image and music; many fell under a particular genre; however, the crossing over of styles was most often inevitable.

By the ‘90s, the hardcore punk scene had begun to die down in Manila. “All the punks disappeared,” recalls Jep Peligro, creator of Konspirazine, a prominent zine published in the late ‘90s and early ‘00s documenting the local DIY music scene. Still, there were hubs of activity in places such as in Laguna, a province southeast of Manila with a rich DIY punk culture, and the neighboring Cavite region, which is jointly called Strong South known as the punk capital of the Philippines.

2000s
In the early 2000s, hip hop, reggae, acoustic pop/jazz and R&B-influenced bands dominated the Philippine music scene, causing Pinoy rock to take a backseat. Only a number of Pinoy rock bands managed to stay in the mainstream during this period. In 2003, a not-so-well-known home-educated DJ named DJ RO started playing in a small bar and restaurant known as Gweilos; DJ RO helped promote the club every Monday night while there was an emergence of Filipino rock bands like Bamboo, Orange and Lemons and Kitchie Nadal that started performing in Gweilos and eventually became popular. In 2004, Pinoy rock once again gained prominence, with the rise of yet another wave of Filipino rock bands. During this time, the Pinoy rock music scene in Cebu also gained exposure.

2001 saw the indie band the Pin-Up Girls, made up of former Keltscross members and underground musicians, signing to Know-It-All Records in Tacoma, Washington, making them the first Manila-based band to sign with an American label. The Pin-Up Girls released an EP worldwide called Taste Test that sold out. Know-It-All then printed a new batch dubbed "Taste Test: The Expanded Menu". The rest of the 2000s further ushered in the mainstream buzz on Pinoy rock, and along with it bands that leaned more towards pop sensibilities. During this time, bands such as Hale, Cueshe, Sponge Cola and Callalily gained mainstream exposure.

2006 was when Filipino band, Kāla appeared in the commercial music scene with their full-length album titled Manila High, distributed by SonyBMG Music Entertainment. Their first hit was "Jeepney" which was released in the summer of 2006. According to the Philippine Daily Inquirer, the band started the resurgence of the Manila sound genre into the modern world through their own mix of funky, jazzy electronic rock music. The band was also part of the tribute album Hopia Mani Popcorn. They made a funky remake of VST & Co.'s "Rock Baby Rock" which hit number 1 in the airwaves.

In recent years as well, bands like Urbandub, Pupil, Chicosci, Slapshock and Typecast have also played in other countries such as Singapore and the US, amongst others. Some have even garnered nominations and recognition from internationally based publications and award-giving bodies. This is mainly attributed to the effect of the internet and globalization on almost anything including music, as listeners from other countries can now see and hear songs and videos of bands overseas without leaving their country.

2010s
In mid-2010, NU 107, known as the nation's premier FM station using a rock format, had been taken down as it was sold by its management after declining interest in the audience. In the early 2010s, rock music was still largely popular in the country despite a decline in sales, due to the domination of K-pop, pop and electronic music, and the rise of music streaming services.

During the early 2010s, new acts emerged such as Gracenote and Tanya Markova. Up Dharma Down, later became UDD in 2017, became an early staple of a resurgence with the popularity of their signature single "Tadhana" and the release of their 2012 album Capacities.

Following NU leaving the airwaves, another FM station, Jam 88.3 fully transitioned to alternative rock/indie pop, including songs played by local popular rock artists and bands. Since 2013, the station began playing songs from local and unsigned Filipino independent artists/bands through its supplemental program Fresh Filter.

2013 saw the re-emergence of Pinoy indie music. Some indie acts became popular (and eventually went mainstream) such as Autotelic, Bullet Dumas, Ang Bandang Shirley, Cheats, BP Valenzuela, She's Only Sixteen, The Ransom Collective, Oh, Flamingo!, Sud, MilesExperience, Tom's Story, Ben&Ben, IV of Spades, Clara Benin, Reese Lansangan, and others. Today, various indie bands continue to perform through daily/weekly gig schedules at popular gig places like B-Side and SaGuijo in Makati, Route 196 (closed in 2020) and Mow's Bar in Quezon City, 19 East in Parañaque, 70s Bistro in Anonas, and at various music festivals (such as Wanderland, UP (University of the Philippines) Fair, Rakrakan Festival, and Fete de la Musique Philippines).

In 2015, entrepreneur and musician Ramon "RJ" Jacinto launched the Pinoy Rock 'n Roll Hall of Fame, which was established to recognize notable Filipino musicians.

During the final years of the 2010s, the genre also gave prominence of Pinoy artists from outside the Philippine territory, including UK-based Filipino independent artists Beabadoobee and No Rome.

2020s
The COVID-19 pandemic halted the Philippine music industry, with many music venues being closed and concerts/festivals being either postponed or canceled. But the pandemic also gave artists and bands more time to bring new releases, recorded from their respective homes.

The late 2010s/early 2020s gave birth of new breed of rock and indie artists/bands: Magnus Haven, Bandang Lapis, the Vowels They Orbit and Nobita. Zild Benitez released their own solo recordings.

title: Pinoy rock


text:
Michael Valpy

Michael Granville Valpy (born 1942) is a Canadian journalist and author. He wrote for The Globe and Mail newspaper where he covered both political and human interest stories until leaving the newspaper in October, 2010. Through a long career at the Globe, he was a reporter, Toronto- and Ottawa-based national political columnist, member of the editorial board, deputy managing editor, and Africa-based correspondent during the last years of apartheid. He has also been a national political columnist for the Vancouver Sun. Since leaving the Globe he has been published by the newspaper on a freelance basis as well as by CBC News Online, the Toronto Star and the National Post.

Life
Valpy was born in 1942 in Toronto and lived there until his family moved to Vancouver, where his mother's family was from, after World War II. His great-grandfather, W. W. Walkem, was Vancouver's first European doctor and the brother of George Anthony Walkem, British Columbia's third premier. He has three children. He has been married and divorced twice, first with The Globe and Mail's former chief librarian, Amanda Ferguson, and second with lawyer Deborah Coyne.

Career
Valpy studied at the University of British Columbia towards a general arts degree for two years before dropping out of university after the premature death of his father and having no money to continue his studies. After considering entering the Anglican priesthood, Valpy went to work for the Vancouver Sun in 1961 as a reporter and was then night city editor at the short-lived Vancouver Times. In 1965, when the Times folded, he was hired by The Globe and Mail first as a reporter, then as a feature writer and member of the editorial board. In 1966 and 1967, Valpy was a staff member for the short-lived Company of Young Canadians. He returned to the Vancouver Sun, first as a member of its editorial board and then as a political columnist based in Ottawa, Ontario.

On 13 December 1971, Valpy revealed in an article the secret deal brokered by Justice William Henderson to end the trial of the "Kingston 13". During the 1971 Kingston Penitentiary riot, a group of inmates led by Brian Beaucage had tortured 16 men and killed 2 of them. In October 1971, the "Kingston 13" as the accused were known went on trial in Kingston. Valpy revealed that there had been a secret deal to end the trial as Justice Henderson had called several meetings with the defense lawyers and the Crown Attorneys to discuss how to arrange plea bargains to give the accused the lightest possible sentences with led to a sudden end to the trial on 22 November 1971.

In 1981, he rejoined The Globe and Mail as a national affairs columnist and subsequently served as its Africa correspondent from 1984 to 1988 after which he returned to Canada to serve as the newspaper's urban affairs columnist, its deputy managing editor and, after running for Parliament for the NDP, as the paper's religion writer and feature writer.

Valpy left The Globe and Mail in 2010. He is a senior fellow at Massey College at the University of Toronto, a fellow at the University of Toronto School of Public Policy and Governance and teaches in the university's book and media studies program. He was the 2011–2012 Canwest Global Fellow in Media at University of Western Ontario and was awarded the 2012–2013 Atkinson Fellowship in Public Policy. He continues to write as a freelance journalist with pieces published on the CBC News website and the Toronto Star as well as The Globe and Mail.

Political views
Despite being from what he describes as a "strongly Tory monarchist British imperialist-quite right wing" family, Valpy was one of the more left-leaning writers at the Globe. In the 2000 federal election, Valpy ran as a New Democratic Party candidate in the Toronto riding of Trinity—Spadina, against Liberal Party of Canada incumbent Tony Ianno. He was not elected.

Works
Valpy co-authored three books (two on Canada's Constitution and the third on the 21st-century generation of new Canadian adults), produced public affairs documentaries for CBC Radio, contributed chapters to several books on public policy issues and written for Maclean's, Time Canada, Policy Options, Shambhala Sun and Elm Street magazines.

Awards
He has won three National Newspaper Awards (two for foreign reporting and one for an analysis of dysfunctional students in the public education system) and been nominated for a fourth (for a profile of Michael Ignatieff), In 1997, he was awarded an honorary doctorate (D.Litt.) from Trent University. He also received the Queen's Jubilee Medal in 2002.

title: Michael Valpy