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Jesse Chatman

Jesse James Chatman Jr (born September 22, 1979) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the San Diego Chargers as an undrafted free agent in 2002. He played college football at Eastern Washington.

Chatman was also a member of the Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, New York Jets and Virginia Destroyers.

Early years
Chatman was a highly decorated prep running back at Franklin High School in Seattle, Washington,  His Head Football Coach was Joseph Slye (who also coached NFL stars Corey Dillon and James Hasty). Chatman's High School position coach was former NFL-running back Terry Metcalf. In honor of his many accomplishments at Franklin, his success at Eastern Washington University, and his rise to prominence in the NFL, Chatman's high school raised his Franklin jersey in a ceremony at the school and it will remain displayed in tribute.

College career
Chatman played for the Eastern Washington University Eagles of the Big Sky Conference from 1999-2001. During his tenure, Chatman was an AP I-AA All-America selection, Big Sky Conference Offensive Player of Year and a first-team all-conference selection. He recorded the fourth-highest single-season rushing total in I-AA history, amassing 2,096 rushing yards. Chatman finished his career with 4,173 yards and 53 touchdowns.

San Diego Chargers
Chatman was one of 19 undrafted free agents originally signed by the San Diego Chargers in April 2002. After leading the NFL in rushing during the preseason with 234 yards on a 5.1 average, he made the team out of training camp. Chatman went on to appear in 10 games with no starts. On the season, he rushed for 19 yards on six carries, caught three passes for 44 yards and notched four tackles on special teams.

Chatman went on to appear in all 16 regular season games for the Chargers in 2003. Though he rarely saw action on offense (he finished the year with eight carries for 17 yards and five catches for 54 yards), he was the team's leading special teams tackler with 16 stops and also recovered a fumble. Also, while he was primarily a blocker on kickoffs, Chatman did return two kicks for a total of 31 yards during the season.

After re-signing with the team as an exclusive rights free agent, Chatman appeared in 15 games for the Chargers in 2004 despite a nagging toe injury. He had a career day against the Jacksonville Jaguars on October 10 when he rushed for 103 yards and a score. On the season, Chatman had 65 carries for 392 yards (a 6.0 average), two catches for 17 yards and three touchdowns. On special teams, he totaled four tackles and also had four kickoff returns for 89 yards, including a long of 35 yards. The toe injury finally got the best of him in the playoffs, when he was forced to sit out the team's AFC Wild Card match-up against the New York Jets.

A restricted free agent following March, Chatman was re-signed to a one-year deal. The addition of rookie Darren Sproles, the development of Michael Turner, Chatman's absence from Qualcomm Stadium in the offseason as well as weight issues all contributed to his release from the team that July.

First stint with Dolphins
Despite the concerns held by the Chargers, particularly head coach Marty Schottenheimer, Chatman received plenty of interest on the open market from teams like the Baltimore Ravens, Carolina Panthers, Minnesota Vikings, Oakland Raiders and Seattle Seahawks.

However, it was the Miami Dolphins who inked Chatman on September 3, 2005, to provide depth while Ricky Williams served a four-game suspension. Chatman was inactive for the first five games of the regular season with the Dolphins before being traded to the New Orleans Saints for a conditional seventh-round draft choice on October 11.

New Orleans Saints
Chatman spent three games with the Saints, inactive for all, before being released on November 2. He had worked out by the New England Patriots a few days later as the team was looking to add depth, but the team decided to sign running back Mike Cloud instead.

Second stint with the Dolphins
Chatman was not an active player in the NFL for 2006 and reportedly weighed 280 pounds. He shaved 60 pounds off his body which gave him the new explosiveness he needed to revive his career. After being out of the league in 2006, the Dolphins re-signed Chatman and allocated him to NFL Europa on February 21, 2007. This most recent stint with the Dolphins re-united him with head coach Cam Cameron, who was the offensive coordinator for the San Diego Chargers during Chatman's time there. Chatman began the 2007 season as Ronnie Brown's backup and saw limited duty until Week 7 against New England, when Brown went down with a serious knee injury. Chatman responded by running for an impressive 73 yards on only 7 carries before leaving the game temporarily with an injury of his own. Chatman came back in the 4th quarter to score the last touchdown of the game (and his first since 2004).

With the season-ending injury of Dolphin's starting running back Ronnie Brown, Jesse Chatman had been named the new starter for the Miami Dolphins. His best game came against a 13-10 heartbreaker to the Buffalo Bills, where he rushed for 124 yards on 27 carries. Jesse finished the year with a career-high 515 yards rushing with one touchdown.

New York Jets
Chatman signed a one-year deal with the New York Jets in the 2008 offseason. One week before the start of the season, he was suspended for four games for violating the league's substance abuse policy.

Jesse has a son named Sahvere and a daughter named Jaylynn Chatman.

title: Jesse Chatman


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Talk:Isabel Preysler

Filipino "race"
Please be educated that Filipino is not a separate race from Spanish or Chinese because there is no such thing as a Filipino race, there is a Filipino people made up of Malay, Spanish, and Chinese ancestry. The entire world is miseducated and has been since American colonization, and the word Filipino has become a separate race upon itself and has become synonymous with only Malay ancestry, which is incorrect, since Filipinos are usually a mix of the three: Malay (native), Spanish, and Chinese. In the old colonial system, an español mestizo was a person of Malay and Spanish ancestry. An indio was a person of Malay ancestry only. A filipino was a person of wholly Spanish ancestry. A mestizo de sangley was a person of Malay and Chinese ancestry. A tornatras was a person of Malay, Spanish, and Chinese ancestry. And if you had less than 1/8 Malay ancestry, a mestizo could purchase a limpieza de sangre document just like in Latin America and be reinstated legally as a filipino (meaning wholly of Spanish ancestry, regardless of racial mixture). But those are archaic terms from the 1500s - 1800s, and don't apply anymore since after independence from Spain, the colonial caste system based on race was abolished like it was in the rest of Latin America, and the mixture has become so diverse, it's not ethical or practical. Please also stop using the word Spanish mestizo to describe Isabel Preysler because it is an archaic and racist term to use mestizo to describe persons in the 21st century, it's not proper. Spanish speakers will refer to people based on their nationality or place of birth, but to label people based their racial ancestry by using the word mestizo, mulato, or any other archaic colonial caste term is considered racist, so please stop using the word mestizo or any other archaic Spanish racial caste system term in biographies of living persons today. For example, Johnny Depp is of Native American and Caucasian ancestry, but in his biography, do people write "Johnny Depp, Half-Breed American Actor"? Of course not. Same thing applies here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.32.30.135 (talk) 15:42, 8 October 2008 (UTC)

College
As far as I know there are no Irish universities in Spain. Wouldn't it be a colegio (high school)? --Error 16:46, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

That reference came directly from her words, at her official website www.isabelpreysler.com, where she states specifically her Irish college in Spain, it's in the section Mi Vida, if I remember correctly. I know, because I'm the one who originally added that reference to the article. POR AQUI: http://www.isabelpreysler.com/personal/mi_vida/amplia_espa.php3?ord=30

This fragment is taken from the Wikipedia's Spanish article: "Se fue a vivir a España en 1969 para estudiar en el Mary Ward College (el Colegio Bienaventurada Virgen María Irlandesas de Bami, Sevilla)." Translation: "She moved to live in Spain in 1969 for studying in the Mary Ward College (Colegio Bienaventurada Virgen María Irlandesas de Bami in Seville)." Bami is a neighbourhood in Seville and Colegio is just a school. I hope this clarifies any doubt. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.79.136.171 (talk) 13:42, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

This school is managed by the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a Roman Catholic congregation, sometimes known as the Loreto Sisters. The branch that established in Spain was Irish, that's why they are known as Madres Irlandesas or Irlandesas for short. Mary Ward was the IBVM founder. You can visit the Bami School web page (in Spanish). I know well other IBVM schools since I have children in one of their centres and it covers from kindergarten to the end of secondary education, I guess the Bami school was not different. However, that reference is no longer in the Spanish-language Wikipedia and contradicts the statement there that she lived in Madrid and there is no mention to Seville. I very much doubt the Bami school ever had graduate studies so, if anything, she was on vocational training (that I don't know the Bami school had either, but at least is possible).--eiaccb (talk) 10:44, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

unsigned comment, by 87.143.150.30 at May 2010 : sorted at its place
She is definitely NOT a journalist (neither is she a television host; she tried once, but failed). She is known in Spain exclusively for once being married to singer Julio Iglesias. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.143.150.30 (talk) 21:44, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

comment moved
--PLA y Grande Covián (talk) 22:53, 2 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I've moved the May 2010 unsigned comment to its place (3 of 4). Was edited by 87.143.150.30

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text:
North American porcupine

The North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), also known as the Canadian porcupine, is a large quill-covered rodent in the New World porcupine family. It is the second largest rodent in North America after the North American beaver (Castor canadensis). The porcupine is a caviomorph rodent whose ancestors crossed the Atlantic from Africa to Brazil 30 million years ago, and then migrated to North America during the Great American Interchange after the Isthmus of Panama rose 3 million years ago.

Etymology
The word "porcupine" comes from the middle or old French word porcespin, which means 'thorn pig'. Its roots derive from the Latin words porcus or pig and spina meaning thorns. Other colloquial names for the animal include quill pig. It is also referred to as the Canadian porcupine or common porcupine. The porcupine's scientific name, Erethizon dorsatum, can be loosely translated as "the animal with the irritating back". Native American terms for it include the Lakota name meaning quill, the Ho-Chunk name, and the Chipewyan name.

Taxonomy and evolution
The North American porcupine migrated from South America, where all New World porcupines or hystricomorphs evolved. Erethizon appeared in North America shortly after the two continents joined together in the later Tertiary period. Other hystricomorphs also migrated, but Erethizon was the only one to survive north of Mexico. No known fossils are attributed to hystricomorphs prior to the late Tertiary period. Some fossils, such as species from the family Paramyidae, show resemblance to the porcupine, but they are so primitive and generalized that they could be ancestors to all later rodents.

South American hystricomorphs first appeared in the Lower Oligocene period. They are thought to have migrated from Africa, ancestors of the Old World porcupines or Hystricidae or they originated based on a migration of the North American Paramyidae.

The earliest purported appearance of E. dorsatum in the fossil record is from the Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) era, found along the Arroyo del Cedazo near Aguascalientes, Mexico. However, the validity of this fossil's taxonomy is a cause for debate, with some paleontologists arguing that it represents a member of the genus Coendou (the prehensile-tailed porcupines) instead. The earliest uncontroversial fossils of E. dorsatum, found in the Conard Fissure of Arkansas, date back to the Middle Pleistocene (~130,000 YBP).

Subspecies
Seven subspecies of E. dorsatum are recognized. They are subdivided by different ranges across North America. By far the most common is E. d. dorsatum, which ranges from Nova Scotia to Alberta and from Virginia to the Yukon. E. d. picinum occupies a small range in northeastern Quebec and Labrador. E. d. couesi is the most southern ranging from northern Mexico to Colorado. E. d. bruneri can be found in the midwest from Arkansas to Montana. The last three are found in the west. From south to north they are E.d. epixanthum, E. d. nigrescens, and E. d. myops.

Description

Porcupines are usually dark brown or black in color, with white highlights. They have a stocky body, a small face, short legs, and a short, thick tail. This species is the largest of the New World porcupines and is the second largest North American rodent, after the American beaver. The head-and-body length is 60 to 90 cm, not counting a tail of 14.5 to 30 cm. The hind foot length is 7.5 to 9.1 cm. Weight can range from 3.5 to 18 kg. Weight in adult females can average some 7 kg while 5 wild-caught males averaged 10.67 kg.

The porcupine possesses antibiotics in its skin which may help prevent infection when a porcupine falls out of a tree and is stuck with its own quills upon hitting the ground. Porcupines fall out of trees fairly often because they are highly tempted by the succulent buds and tender twigs at the ends of the branches. The porcupine, the wolverine, and the skunk are the only North American mammals that have strongly contrasting black-and-white coloration, because they are the only mammals that benefit from letting other animals know where and what they are in the dark of night.

Quills

The most distinguishing feature of the porcupine is its coat of quills. An adult porcupine has about 30,000 quills that cover all of its body except its underbelly, face, and feet. Quills are modified hairs formed into sharp, barbed, hollow spines. They are used primarily for defense, but also serve to insulate their bodies during winter. The quills are normally flattened against the body and in this position are less easily dislodged. Porcupines do not throw their quills, but when threatened contract superficial muscles which cause the quills to stand up and out from their bodies. In this position they become easier to detach from the body, especially when the tail is swung toward an attacker. The barbs at the end of the spines lodge in the flesh of a victim and are difficult and painful to remove.

Stench
The North American porcupine has a strong odor to warn away predators, which it can increase when agitated. The smell has been described as similar to strong human body odor, goats, or some cheeses. The odor is generated by a patch of skin called the rosette, on the lower back where modified quills serve as osmetrichia to broadcast the smell. The characteristic odor comes from the R-enantiomer of delta-decalactone. Not present is the S-enantiomer which smells like coconut and is used in flavorings and perfumes.

Distribution and habitat
In eastern North America, porcupines range from Canada to the Appalachian Mountains in West Virginia and Maryland. In the west they range from Alaska to northern mountains in Mexico. They are commonly found in coniferous and mixed forested areas, but have adapted to harsh environments such as shrublands and tundra. They make their dens in hollow trees or in rocky areas.

Diet

During the summer, they eat twigs, roots, stems, berries, leaves, and other vegetation. Porcupines also eat certain insects and nuts. In the winter, they mainly eat conifer needles and tree bark. Porcupines are selective in their consumption; for example out of every 1,000 trees in the Catskill Mountains, porcupines will only eat from 1-2 linden trees and one big-toothed aspen.

Behavior
Porcupines are nearsighted and slow-moving. They are mainly active at night (nocturnal); on summer days, they often rest in trees. They do not hibernate, but sleep in and stay close to their dens in winter. The strength of the porcupine's defense has given it the ability to live a solitary life, unlike many herbivores, which must move in flocks or herds. Consequently, the porcupine has "an extraordinary ability to learn complex mazes and to remember them as much as a hundred days afterward".

Defense

The North American porcupine has specific behaviors to warn or defend against predators. The defense strategy is based on aposematism in several modalities. It has a strong warning odor which it can increase when agitated. When threatened, an adult porcupine can bristle its quills, displaying a white stripe down its back, and use its teeth to make a warning, clacking sound. If the olfactory, visual, and auditory warnings fail, then it can rely on its quills. An adult porcupine when attacked turns its rear to the predator. When approached, the porcupine can swing its tail at an attacker's face. Despite popular myth, the porcupine does not throw its quills. Instead, when a quill comes in contact with the attacker, it can easily penetrate and become embedded in its skin. Each quill contains microscopic barbs which allow it to stick into the flesh of an attacker. This strategy is successful against most attacks. With a face full of quills, an attacking creature often retreats. The porcupine's last line of defense is to climb a tree.

Predators
Natural predators of this species include fishers (a cat-sized mustelid), wolverines, coyotes, wolves, American black bears, and cougars, as well as humans. The only known avian predators of this species are golden eagles and great horned owls. In many cases, injury or even death may occur in the predator from embedded porcupine quills even if they are successful in dispatching the porcupine.

The North American porcupine is most at risk from the fisher (Pekania pennanti), the male of which may sometimes exceed a mass of 5.5 kg. Fishers have two advantages that make them capable hunters of the porcupine. First, they are agile tree climbers, and may force a fleeing porcupine from a tree to the ground, where it is more vulnerable. There it will try to present its hindquarters and tail to the attacker, with the predator circling around and attempting to attack the prey. After repeated attacks, the porcupine eventually weakens, allowing the fisher to flip the porcupine over, rip open its underbelly, and consume its organs without exposing itself to the still dangerous quills. One study suggested that since male fishers are considerably larger than females (often weighing on average twice as much), only males are likely to hunt porcupines. It appears that female fishers usually favor prey such as snowshoe hares.

Another effective predator is the cougar. It does not avoid the quills so much as seek to avoid being impaled by too many of them. Some individuals have been found with dozens of quills embedded in their gums to no ill effect. It can climb trees, so its favorite method is to position itself below the porcupine and knock it to the ground, quickly dispatching it. Other predators, such as canids (wolves and coyotes), may attack but do not pose much of a threat. In some parts of the Great Basin, cougars have greatly decreased numbers of porcupines in mountainous forests through predation. However, in some cases porcupine quills have indeed killed cougars, although usually this is after the cougar has already consumed the porcupine.

Reproduction

Female porcupines are solitary for most of the year except during the fall when breeding season begins. At this time, they secrete a thick mucus which mixes with their urine. The resulting odor attracts males in the vicinity. Males that approach a female do not automatically begin mating. The first male that comes along typically sits in the same tree below a female. If another male approaches, he may fight for the right to mate. Once a dominant male is successful, he approaches the female and uses a spray of his urine on the female. Only a few drops touch the female, but the chemical reaction allows the female to enter estrus fully. Once this is accomplished high in the tree, the mating process takes place on the ground. When porcupines are mating, they tighten their skin and hold their quills flat, so as not to injure each other. Mating may occur repeatedly until the female loses interest and climbs back into the tree.

The North American porcupine has a long gestation period relative to other rodents, an average of 202 days. By contrast, the North American beaver, which is comparable in size, has a gestation period of 128 days. The eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) has a gestation period of just 44 days. North American porcupines give birth to a single young. At birth, they weigh about 450 g, which increases to nearly 1 kg after the first two weeks. They do not gain full adult weight until the end of the second summer about 4.5 kg. Their quills harden soon after birth.

Female porcupines provide all parental care. For the first two weeks the young rely on their mother for sustenance. After this they learn to climb trees and start to forage. They continue to nurse for up to four months, which coincides with the fall mating season. They stay close to their mothers. Mother porcupines do not defend their young, but have been known to care for them even after death. In one case, when a baby had fallen to its death from a tree, the mother came down and stayed by her offspring's side for hours waiting vainly for it to revive.

Life expectancy
North American porcupines have a relatively long life expectancy, with some individuals reaching 30 years of age. Common causes of mortality include predation, starvation, falling out of a tree, and being run over by motor vehicles.

Porcupines and humans
Porcupines are considered by some to be pests because of the damage that they often inflict on trees and wooden and leather objects. Plywood is especially vulnerable because of the salts added during manufacture. They also often injure domestic dogs who inspect or attack them.

Their quills are used by Native Americans to decorate articles such as baskets and clothing. Porcupines are edible and were an important source of food, especially in winter, to the native peoples of Canada's boreal forests. They move slowly (having few threats in their natural environment) and are often hit by vehicles while crossing roads.

Porcupines are infamous among backpackers and backpacking publications for their love of salt, especially eating road salt-covered boots left outside of tents overnight. They have a similar reputation among forestry workers of all types for trying to eat sweat-soaked gloves and wooden handles on tools.

Conservation status
Globally, the North American porcupine is listed as a species of least concern. It is common throughout its range except in some U.S. states in the southeast part of its range. For example, it is listed as a species in need of conservation in Maryland. As of 1999, 15 remnant populations remain scattered throughout north-central Mexico. These live in riparian forests, mesquite scrubland, grasslands, and thorn forests. They are threatened by hunting and habitat loss. As of 1994, the animal was listed as an endangered species in Mexico.

title: North American porcupine


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Suez (company, 1997–2008)

Suez S.A., known from 1997 to 2001 as Suez-Lyonnaise des eaux, was a leading French multinational corporation headquartered in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, with operations primarily in water, electricity and natural gas supply, and waste management. Suez was the result of a 1997 merger between the Compagnie de Suez and Lyonnaise des Eaux, a leading French water company. In the early 2000s Suez also owned some media and telecommunications assets, but later divested them. According to the Masons Water Yearbook 2004/5, Suez served 117.4 million people around the world. The company conducted a merger of equals with fellow utility company Gaz de France on 22 July 2008 to form GDF Suez (called Engie since 2015). The water and waste assets of Suez were spun off into a separate publicly traded company, Suez Environnement.

History
Suez was (and remains, through GDF Suez) one of the oldest continuously existing multinational corporations in the world, with one line of corporate history dating back to the 1822 founding of the Algemeene Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter begunstiging van de volksvlijt (literally: General Dutch Company for the favouring of industry) by King William I of the Netherlands (see Société Générale de Belgique). Its form prior to the GDF merger was the result of nearly two centuries of reorganisation and corporate mergers. Its most recent name comes from the involvement of one of its several founding entities – the Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez – in building the Suez Canal in the mid-19th century.

Merger with Gaz de France
On February 25, 2006, French Prime minister Dominique de Villepin announced the merger of Suez and Gaz de France, which would make the world's largest liquefied natural gas company. The revenue of GDF was around 22.4 billion euros in 2005, compared to 41.5 billion for Suez. The CGT trade-union called the merger a "disguised privatization."

On 3 September 2007, Gaz de France and Suez announced agreed terms of merger. The deal was conducted on the basis of an exchange of 21 Gaz de France shares for 22 Suez shares via the absorption of Suez by Gaz de France. The French state holds more than 35% of shares of the merged company, GDF Suez. As a consequence of the conditions posed by the European Commission with regards to allowing the merger, on 29 May 2008 Suez sold its Belgian gas supplier Distrigas to the Italian company Eni for €2.7 billion. On 22 July 2008 the group GDF Suez, a company of €74 billion of annual turnover, was officially created.

Now part of Engie

 * Suez Energy International – energy
 * Electrabel – electricity in Europe (first in Belgium)
 * Tractebel Engineering – international engineering consultancy
 * Cofely – building services/facilities management

Now part of SUEZ

 * Sita — waste management
 * Suez Environnement — water and waste
 * Degrémont — water and wastewater treatment engineering
 * United Water — water in the United States, also Adelaide, Australia
 * Grupo Agbar — water and waste
 * Purite Ltd - water purification company
 * GE Water and Process Technologies-Ionics-Ecolochem-ZENON-Osmonics
 * Driplex Water Engineering Pvt. Ltd.
 * Driplex Water Engineering International Pvt. Ltd

title: Suez (company, 1997–2008)


text:
Talk:Enrique Iglesias

Enrique Iglesias inflated sales
Analyzing Enrique Iglesias' sales since when they started being published on his website and in the media, it is possible to see how inflated the sales are now. In 1999, he had sold 13 million copies with his first three releases. link

In 2007, the media and the singer's official website spoke of over 40 million after the release of five more records, some sold more than 5 million and the number is very understandable.

 * The offical website 2008 link
 * Billboard article from 2007: link
 * The independent 2007: link

But after that time Enrique released only two CDs, each of them did not even sell 2 million copies worldwide, also the recording industry changed, singles started to sell more than albums, but Iglesias’s official website and others websites stated that the singer sold more than 100 million records, some even speak of more than 180 million [link], numbers that are totally improbable and different from what can be determined with his certifications and performances on charts. Enrique has about 45 million certified copies to date.link I think it is better to include his sales between 60 and 70 million. It seems more accurate.--88marcus (talk) 21:53, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

 * I saw many times in Wikipedia changes of 70/80M to 170/180M without any reference. So it's clear these figures are inaccurate even if we've now "reliable sources" indicating that. Based on his certifications his sales would be as high of 70M or 60M, not more. --Chrishonduras (talk) 22:52, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

Ohhh is that so!?? Well then i really interested now to see those of your "reliable" sources!! Ash Salvatore (talk) 21:19, 28 April 2020 (UTC)

Is 'Model' a valid occupation?
Another editor has repeatedly added 'occupation: model' in the Infobox. Personally I don't care if Iglesias is or isn't a model. But I have now twice removed this as uncited, leaving a clear edit summary for my reasons. I am now going to remove it for a third time, and require any editor to please cite a source for this, as I am only too happy to be proven wrong. All I see is links to another wiki article which says that Iglesias once sang alongside a contestant in a model competition, and also that he has done some advertising. This hardly seems to me to justify stating 'model' as an occupation. Can anyone supply some reliable sources please? Then I'll happily see it going back in. Please also see WP:3RR Nick Moyes (talk) 13:58, 26 April 2020 (UTC)

https://www.fragrantica.com/news/Enrique-Iglesias-New-Face-of-Azzaro-pour-Homme-Fragrance-1129.html Ash Salvatore (talk) 21:18, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

Anything else!? Ash Salvatore (talk) 21:19, 27 April 2020 (UTC)

Sold records estimates between 150-180 million
enrique iglesias sold records estimates much more than the given info of only 70 million making him one of the best selling music artist of all time rather than best selling latin music artist of all time REFRENCES:

Llamaxpython (talk) 06:38, 12 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not a reliable source; his own website is a WP:PRIMARYSOURCE; his record label is another primary source; and although Red Light seems to be the only independent source here, it says: "For more information about Enrique Iglesias: www.enriqueiglesias.com", so it's mirroring his own website and therefore is not a reliable independent source. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 16:41, 12 July 2021 (UTC)

What about the following refrence ?

Llamaxpython (talk) 17:37, 12 July 2021 (UTC)
 * It still being the same issue. The sources have unclear criteria that seem to have been copied from a primary that was exaggerating the sales (refer to above). The List, for example, says: "The 'Hero' hitmaker will receive the accolade at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida on October 21 in recognition of his glittering music career including selling more than 180 million records". However, he did not receive that award for that; he received it because Billboard was "recognizing his success on Billboard’s Latin music charts." Although this is most likely outdated, in no way Iglesias went from 70 to 180 in nine years. (CC)  Tb hotch ™ 18:53, 12 July 2021 (UTC)

The current source seemes to be of 2012 since so its clearly very outdated Heres a source from where ricky martin's sold records has been refrenced link to ricky martin refrenced source (el universo):

from the same site heres an artical on enrique :

if this is a reliable source then enrique sold recods is about 180 million and if its not then ricky martin's refrenced source is simply non reliable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Llamaxpython (talk • contribs) 09:51, 13 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Once again, there is no way that Iglesias could have sold 110 million copies during the Sex and Love era. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 19:26, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

 * He has around 45 million certified albums and singles, no way he sold twice that amount worldwide. In 2007, the media and the singer's official website claimed over 40 million copies:
 * The offical website 2008 link
 * Billboard article from 2007: link
 * The independent 2007: link
 * But after that time Enrique released only two CDs, each of them did not even sell 2 million copies worldwide, also the recording industry changed, singles started to sell more than albums, but Iglesias’s official website and others websites stated that the singer sold more than 100 million records, some even speak of more than 180 million link, numbers that are totally improbable and different from what can be determined by his certifications and performances on charts.
 * Enrique has about 45 million certified copies to date.link Including his sales between 60 and 70 million is more accurate.--88marcus (talk) 00:22, 14 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Enrique Iglesias


text: Category:Law enforcement agencies

title: Category:Law enforcement agencies


text:
National Association of Towns and Townships

The National Association of Towns and Townships (NATaT) is an American lobbying or advocacy group of local government from more than 10,000 communities across the United States.

The Washington, DC- based organization was established 1976. Its founding executive director was Barton Russell. Russell served in this capacity until 1985 at which time he was appointed President of the National Center for Small Communities - NATaT's policy development and training arm. Mr. Russell left NATaT in 1994 to launch the Barton Russell Group, a consultancy specializing in the small town America market, it's 34,000 communities and the 140 million people who live in them.

NATaT's purpose today, as it was in 1976, is to champion fair-share federal funding decisions and to promote legislative and regulatory policies designed to strengthen grassroots local government. For more than 40 years NATaT's staff and members have strived to educate lawmakers and other federal officials about the unique nature of small community government operations as well as the need for policies that meet the special needs of suburban and non-metro communities.

NATaT is known in the Nation's Capital as the strong voice of #smalltown America.

State Associations
State associations (with website links, when known) include: ''There are other state level education and advocacy groups for small local-government units. This list contains only those affiliated with the NATaT.''
 * Connecticut Council of Small Towns — website
 * Township Officials of Illinois — website
 * Indiana Township Association — website
 * Michigan Townships Association — website
 * Minnesota Association of Townships — website
 * Association of Towns of New York — website
 * North Dakota Township Officers Association — website
 * Ohio Township Association — web pages
 * Pennsylvania Association of Township Supervisors — website
 * South Dakota Association of Towns and Townships
 * Wisconsin Towns Association — website


text:
San Diego Super Chargers

"San Diego Super Chargers" was the fight song of the San Diego Chargers (now known as the Los Angeles Chargers) of the National Football League (NFL). The disco song was written in 1979 during the Air Coryell era of the San Diego Chargers, and it was recorded by a session band dubbed "Captain Q.B. and the Big Boys." New Chargers owners replaced the song in 1989 with a non-disco cover version, but the original version was revived around 2002. The team itself was also sometimes referred to as the San Diego Super Chargers.

History
In the 1970s, the Chargers were owned by Gene Klein and ticket sales were lagging after losing seasons. In 1979, the team was playing a winning and exciting style under head coach Don Coryell, popularized by its high-scoring offense, nicknamed Air Coryell. Klein started an aggressive marketing campaign that included the song. Klein's son, Michael, brought some friends from the recording industry to a few Chargers games, and he requested the creation of a song based on the Chargers' playing style. "We wanted something that would light up the crowd," said Michael Klein.

The disco song was written in almost a day by David Sieff and Jerry Marcellino, a producer and songwriter for A&M Records who had worked with artists such as Bobby Darin, Diana Ross and Michael Jackson. Studio musicians in Los Angeles collaborated with the vocalist, Los Angeles R&B singer James Gaylen, to record the song. Marcellino, who also produced the song, named the band Captain Q.B. and the Big Boys on a lark. A 7-inch, 45 rpm single of the song was sold in San Diego, and Marcellino received a quarter for each one sold.

Under new Chargers owner Alex Spanos, who acquired the team in 1984, the song was not played for a few seasons. It was brought back in 1989 with a more modern sound. The cover version was recorded by San Diego singer Leonard Tucker and produced by Bo Donovan. However, the recording was lost when Qualcomm Stadium, the then home of the Chargers, renovated its sound-system room in the late 1990s.

Around 2002, the Chargers resumed playing the original version by Captain Q.B. and the Big Boys. The song was played by the Chargers at home games after San Diego scores and victories. The team became the Los Angeles Chargers after relocating in 2017.

General reaction
Bernie Wilson, Associated Press (AP) sports writer, wrote in his book, San Diego Chargers, that the song is "perhaps one of the catchiest fight songs of all-time". The New York Times said the song "has a distinctly 1970's roller disco vibe". AP referred to the song as a "dated disco smash", while The Standard-Times called it an "infamous piece of NFL kitsch". Mike Downey of the Chicago Tribune commented that the song "has tortured more eardrums than anything Simon Cowell or Paula Abdul ever judged" on American Idol. The San Diego Union-Tribune calls the song "cool, catchy and camp" and "a local anthem" while noting that the 1989 remake was "ill-advised."

The Union-Tribune noted that a generation of fans grew up hearing the song and associate it with the good times and winning during the Chargers' Air Coryell era. Safety John Lynch, a San Diego native, sang the song to his Denver Broncos teammates before a 2004 game in his hometown against the Chargers. "When you've grown up with that, it's part of you," he said. After hearing "San Diego Super Chargers" during a 2005 game, Chargers linebacker Donnie Edwards, another San Diego native, had a flashback to his childhood and attending a Chargers game, watching Dan Fouts throwing to Charlie Joiner.

Although the song was blaring during the 1980 AFC Championship Game, Oakland Raiders receiver Bob Chandler said that "a lot of our guys liked it. I kept tapping my feet to it." The Raiders won the game 34–27. In 1996, Neil Smith of the Kansas City Chiefs said that while he despised the cannon that the Chargers fired after each of their scores, he especially hated their fight song. Prior to the 2007 AFC Championship Game against the Chargers, New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick said, "I hate that song." He first heard it when he was an assistant coach with the New York Giants in 1980, when the Chargers won 44–7 while Fouts threw for 444 yards. Belichick called the game a "track meet" and recalled Chargers players such as Chuck Muncie, Kellen Winslow, and John Jefferson. "They didn't get through playing that song before they had scored again and they started playing it again. It was 'San Diego Super Chargers,' that's still ringing in my head."

Other uses
Chargers fans played the song in preparation for upcoming games,  and some fans even played "San Diego Super Chargers" at their weddings.

The song was known outside of San Diego as well. ESPN football anchors Chris Berman and Tom Jackson sometimes sang "San Diego Super Chargers" when announcing Chargers highlights. Various news sources including ESPN, The Los Angeles Times and the New England Sports Network referred to the Chargers team itself as the "San Diego Super Chargers"    Chargers offensive guard Doug Wilkerson, who played under Coryell, said, "We were the 'San Diego Super Chargers.' That song was fast and electric, and so were we."

title: San Diego Super Chargers


text: Category:International law enforcement organizations


text:
Shinsaibashi Station

Shinsaibashi Station (心斎橋駅) is a metro station on the Osaka Metro located in Shinsaibashi, Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan.

Lines

 * (Station number: M19)
 * (Station number: N15)
 * (Yotsubashi, Station number: Y14)
 * (Yotsubashi, Station number: Y14)

For the purpose of fare calculation, Shinsaibashi Station is treated as the same station as Yotsubashi Station on the Yotsubashi Line.

History
It was announced in 2014 that the Midōsuji Line will get platform screen doors installed at the station.
 * May 20, 1933 - The Midōsuji Line from transient Umeda Station to Shinsaibashi Station opened.
 * December 11, 1996 - The Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line from Kyobashi to Shinsaibashi was opened, and the line was renamed the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line.
 * August 29, 1997 - The Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line from Shinsaibashi to Taisho and from Tsurumi-ryokuchi and Kadoma-minami were opened.

Layout
This station has an island platform with two tracks for each line. The one for the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line is fenced with platform gates.
 * Midōsuji Line (M19)

 * Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line (N15)

Surroundings

 * Daimaru
 * North Building
 * Head Building
 * South Building
 * Tokyu Hands
 * PARCO Shinsaibashi
 * Amerikamura
 * Orange Street
 * Shinsaibashisuji Shopping Arcade
 * Crysta Nagahori
 * OPA
 * Camera Naniwa
 * Hotel Nikko Osaka

title: Shinsaibashi Station


text: Category:Law enforcement in Bosnia and Herzegovina


text:
Kingman

Kingman may refer to one of the following:

Places
In the United States:
 * Kingman Reef in the northern Pacific Ocean, United States
 * Kingman, Arizona
 * Kingman, Indiana
 * Kingman, Kansas
 * Kingman, Maine
 * Kingman, Ohio
 * Kingman County, Kansas
 * Kingman Museum, natural history museum and planetarium in Battle Creek, Michigan
 * Kingman Place Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Polk County, Iowa
 * Kingman Township, Renville County, Minnesota
 * Kingman Hall, a house in the Berkeley Student Cooperative in Berkeley, California

Real people

 * Kingman Brewster Jr. (1919–1988), American former President of Yale University and diplomat
 * Brian Kingman, a former Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Dave Kingman, a former Major League Baseball player
 * Dong Kingman, an American artist
 * Eduardo Kingman, an Ecuadorian artist
 * John Kingman, a British mathematician
 * Samuel Austin Kingman (1818–1904), Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court

Fictional characters

 * King Man, a character who is when Normal Man had been on the throne as the King of Mars in the animated series Adventure Time

Sports

 * Kingman (horse), winner of the 1891 Kentucky Derby
 * Kingman (British horse), winner of the 2014 Irish 2000 Guineas

Transportation

 * Kingman station, a train station in Arizona

title: Kingman


text:
Lisle

Lisle may refer to:

Music

 * Lisle (band)

People

 * Baron Lisle
 * Viscount Lisle
 * Given name
 * Lisle Atkinson (1940–2019), American musician
 * Lisle Blackbourn (1899–1983), American football coach
 * Lisle C. Carter (1925–2009), American administrator
 * Lisle Ellis (born 1951), Canadian musician and composer
 * Lisle Wilson (1943–2010), American actor
 * Surname
 * Lady Alice Lisle (1617–1685), member of the English nobility
 * Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (1760–1836), French army officer
 * Edward Lisle (1692–1753), English landowner and politician
 * Harriet Lisle (1717–1794), English painter
 * Jim Lisle, Australian rugby footballer
 * Sir John Lisle (1610–1664), English lawyer and politician
 * John Lisle (died 1408), English Member of Parliament
 * John Lisle (died 1429), English Member of Parliament
 * Sir John VI Lisle (1406–1471), English landowner, soldier, administrator, and politician
 * John de Lisle (disambiguation)
 * Jordan Lisle (born 1990), Australian rules football player
 * Raymond Lisle (1910–1994), American attorney, officer in the US Foreign Service, and Dean of Brooklyn Law School
 * Samuel Lisle (1683–1749), English academic and bishop
 * Sel Lisle, Australian rugby league footballer
 * Vanessa de Lisle, British fashion journalist

Also: surname Leconte de Lisle:
 * Charles Marie René Leconte de Lisle (1818–1894), French poet

Australia

 * Lisle, Tasmania

France

 * Lisle, Dordogne
 * Lisle, Loir-et-Cher
 * Lisle-en-Barrois, in the Meuse département
 * Lisle-en-Rigault, in the Meuse département
 * Lisle-sur-Tarn, in the Tarn département
 * Obsolete spelling of Lille

United States

 * Lisle, Illinois
 * Lisle, Missouri
 * Lisle (town), New York
 * Lisle (village), New York
 * Lisle Township, DuPage County, Illinois

Other uses

 * Lisle (textiles), a strong, durable, finely-spun, long-staple cotton that is singed
 * Lisle Corporation, American manufacturer

title: Lisle


text:
Pikeville

Pikeville may refer to:

 * Pikeville, Alabama (disambiguation)
 * Pikeville, Indiana
 * Pikeville, Kentucky
 * Pikeville, North Carolina
 * Pikeville, Ohio
 * Pikeville, Tennessee
 * University of Pikeville, in Pikeville, Kentucky

title: Pikeville


text:
Pine Valley

Pine Valley may refer to:

Communities
In Canada:
 * Pine Valley, Ontario

In the United States:
 * Pine Valley, California
 * Pine Valley, Indiana
 * Pine Valley, New Jersey
 * Pine Valley, New York
 * Pine Valley, Houston, Texas, a neighborhood
 * Pine Valley, Washington County, Utah, community in Washington County, south of the Escalante Desert
 * Pine Valley, Wisconsin

Fictional communities

 * Pine Valley (All My Children), fictional suburb of Philadelphia
 * Pine Valley, Washington, fictional town in the game World in Conflict

Geographic locations

 * Pine Valley (Missouri), a valley in Reynolds County, Missouri
 * Pine Valley (Beaver, Millard, and Iron counties, Utah), a valley in Beaver, Millard, and Iron counties in Utah, north of the Escalante Desert
 * Pine Valley (Provo River), a valley in Summit and Wasatch counties, in Utah
 * Pine Valley Mountains, a mountain range in Washington and Iron counties in southwestern Utah
 * Pine Valley Mountain Wilderness, a designated wilderness area in northern Washington County, Utah

Other uses

 * Pine Valley Cosmonauts, music ensemble from Chicago
 * Pine Valley Golf Club, in Pine Valley, New Jersey

title: Pine Valley


text:
Torrens Park, South Australia

Torrens Park is a mainly residential large inner-southern suburb of Adelaide, incorporating some of the foothills and adjacent to the original "Mitcham Village". It was named after Sir Robert Richard Torrens, the instigator of the Torrens title system of land registration and transfer, who built a large home in the area which he named Torrens Park.

The suburb is in the City of Mitcham local government area, the South Australian House of Assembly electoral district of Waite and the Australian House of Representatives Division of Boothby.

History
The name was formally submitted for approval in 1945. Torrens Park is named after Sir Robert Richard Torrens, the third Premier of South Australia and instigator of the Torrens title land title system. Torrens built a large home which he called "Torrens Park" near Mitcham in 1853–4. In 1865 Torrens sold the house to his partner in the Moonta Mines (later founder of the University of Adelaide), Walter Watson Hughes, who enlarged it and later sold it to businessman and philanthropist Robert Barr Smith. It is now part of Scotch College. Although the original gates have recently been removed, the original gatehouse to the Estate is still visible at the corner of Belair Road and Ayr Avenue.

Torrens Park Post Office opened on 24 August 1953 and closed in 1972.

Part of today's suburb was laid out in 1917 from the estate of Tom Elder Barr-Smith; various parts of the suburb were originally known as "Glenburnie", Blytheswoodville, Panchito Park, Blythwood Estate and West Mitcham.

Geography
In comparison with most Adelaide suburbs, Torrens Park is quite large. The north end of the suburb is reasonably flat, but as one travels south (towards the foothills) the terrain rises and becomes hilly. Brown Hill Creek runs through the suburb from the south-east to the north-west. Due to the foothills, the rainfall in the City of Mitcham is 25–50 per cent higher than the rainfall on the Adelaide Plains.

Torrens Park is also the location of the Mitcham Square Shopping Centre.

Politics
Traditionally, the area has been part of a "blue ribbon Liberal" seat; however, elections in 2022 saw both state and federal seats fall to the opposing Labor Party.

Schools
The only school actually located in the suburb is Scotch College.

Nearby Primary Schools:
 * Clapham
 * Mitcham
 * Colonel Light Gardens

Nearby High Schools:
 * Unley High School
 * Urrbrae Agricultural High School
 * Pasadena High School
 * Mitcham Girls High School
 * Mercedes College

Public transport
Public transport to Torrens Park is available through the Belair railway line, to the Mitcham (North-West), Torrens Park (West) and Lynton (South-West) stations. Buses are also available to and from the City along Belair Road.

Route 192 terminates on Kays Road; Routes 194 and 196 pass through the suburb en route to Blackwood Station. Route 171 travels along Princes Road serving the northern side of the suburb and then via Fullarton Road to the city.

title: Torrens Park, South Australia


text:
Seven Dials, London

Seven Dials is a road junction and neighbourhood in the St Giles district of the London Borough of Camden, within the greater Covent Garden area in the West End of London. Seven streets of the Seven Dials area converge at the roughly circular central roundabout, at the centre of which is a column bearing six sundials – with the column itself acting as the seventh sundial.

The Seven Dials Trust owns and maintains the column and the sundials and looks after the public realm in collaboration with the local authorities, major land-owners, Historic England and other stakeholders.

The Seven Dials area retains its original 17th-century street-plan, and many of the original Stuart houses remain, mostly re-faced in the late-18th and early-19th centuries.

A time plaque nearby helps visitors to deduce the time of the day fairly accurately.

History
In the middle ages, the area was owned by the monastic hospital of St Giles which specialised in treating lepers, but it was expropriated by Henry VIII in 1537 and later passed into private hands. In the 17th century, a local estate known as Cock and Pye Fields belonged to the Worshipful Company of Mercers, which, to maximise its income in the burgeoning West End, allowed building licences on what until then was open farmland near the developing metropolitan area. The original layout of the Seven Dials area was designed by Thomas Neale during the early 1690s. His plan had six roads converging, although this number was later increased to seven. The sundial column was built with only six faces, with the column itself acting as the gnomon of the seventh dial. This layout was chosen to produce triangular plots, in order to minimise the frontage of houses to be built on the site, as rentals were charged per foot of frontage rather than by the square footage of properties.

After the successful development of the Covent Garden Piazza area nearby, Neale hoped that Seven Dials would be popular with wealthy residents. This was not to be, and the status of the area gradually went down. At one stage, each of the seven apex buildings facing the column housed a pub. By the 19th century, Seven Dials was among the most notorious slums in London, as part of the slum of St Giles. The area was described by Charles Dickens in 1835: "... streets and courts [that] dart in all directions, until they are lost in the unwholesome vapour which hangs over the house-tops and renders the dirty perspective uncertain and confined." In his collection Sketches by Boz, Dickens remarks, "The stranger who finds himself in the Dials for the first time...at the entrance of Seven obscure passages, uncertain which to take, will see enough around him to keep his curiosity awake for no inconsiderable time..."

The poet John Keats described the area as the last resort for the poor and the ill. "... where misery clings to misery for a little warmth, and want and disease lie down side-by-side, and groan together."

The relatively low status of the location is also stated by W. S. Gilbert in the operetta Iolanthe

"Hearts just as pure and fair May beat in Belgrave Square As in the lowly air of Seven Dials."

It remained a byword for urban poverty during the early 20th century, when Agatha Christie set The Seven Dials Mystery (1929) there.

The original sundial column was removed in 1773. It was long believed that it had been pulled down by an angry mob, but recent research suggests it was deliberately removed by the Paving Commissioners in an attempt to rid the area of "undesirables". The remains were acquired by architect James Paine, who kept them at his house in Addlestone, Surrey, from where they were bought in 1820 by public subscription and re-erected in nearby Weybridge as a memorial to Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, Duchess of York and Albany. The badly weathered dialstone was not reinstalled on the monument and can be seen adjacent to Weybridge Library.

During the 1840s Seven Dials was a major gathering area for the Chartists in their campaign for electoral reform. However, the illegal activities of some (plans for armed uprisings) were thwarted by the recently established police force.

By 1851 sewers were laid in the area, but poverty intensified in St Giles and in the Seven Dials, although the population began to decrease as workshops and breweries started occupying some of the houses. The model developed by Margaret Frere was established here to support poor children in education; it was adopted throughout London for school social work.

The seven streets at Seven Dials originally had quite different names from what they have now. They were Great Earl Street, Little Earl Street, Great White Lion Street, Little White Lion Street, Great St Andrew's Street, Little St Andrew's Street and Queen Street. In the 1930s, their names were changed: Great and Little Earl Streets became Earlham Street, Great and Little White Lion Streets became part of an extended Mercer Street, Great and Little St Andrew's Streets became Monmouth Street, and Queen Street became Shorts Gardens.

Today, only two houses remain from the original Thomas Neale development of the 1690s; 61 Monmouth Street and 64 Neal Street.

Seven Dials, 1974 to 2018

According to Camden Council, the currently defined area "can be found to the north west of Covent Garden Market, and just to the south of Shaftesbury Avenue. The Dials comprise Earlham Street, Monmouth Street, Mercer Street and Shorts Gardens. The area now known as Seven Dials also includes Neal Street and Neals Yard." Monmouth Street is the only street in Seven Dials to have an official number; the B404. The others are unclassified.

During 1974, Seven Dials was named a Conservation Area with Outstanding Status and during 1977 it was declared a Housing Action Area. By 1984, the Housing Action Area Committee ensured that all of the vacant homes were in some use and was encouraging business to locate in the area. An increasing number of buildings have been restored over the years. Since 1974, over 25 percent of the area's buildings have been listed. Presently Seven Dials is a prosperous, largely commercial neighbourhood in the WC2 postcode area between the West End theatre district of Shaftesbury Avenue and the fashionable shopping district around nearby Neal's Yard. It is dominated by generally slow-moving traffic in the narrow streets, which are usually crowded with people.

The replacement sundial pillar, commissioned by The Seven Dials Trust, (formerly The Seven Dials Monument Charity), was constructed during 1988–89 to the original design. It was unveiled by Beatrix of the Netherlands during June 1989, on a visit to commemorate the tercentenary of the reign of William III and Mary II, during which the area was developed. The monument is owned by, and continues to be maintained by, The Seven Dials Trust whose mandate also includes improving the area, working with landowners as well as national and local agencies.

In 1994, Sir Alan Bates established the Tristan Bates Theatre, an Off West End fringe theatre venue with a 100-seat capacity located at the Actors Centre on Tower Street. Bates and his other son, Tristan's surviving twin brother Benedick, dedicated this to his memory following his sudden 1990 asthma attack death. It has since been refurbished and renamed the Seven Dials Playhouse.

By late 2017, investment company Shaftesbury plc owned an increasing number of the buildings, a "huge chunk" of the area, according to one news report. At that time, significant changes were occurring in the business properties including the conversion of a mall owned by Shaftesbury plc, Thomas Neal's Warehouse, into a single store that might become the main store for a major retailer and the conversion of a warehouse into office space.

On one of the seven apexes remains a pub, The Crown. On another apex is the Cambridge Theatre, and on a third the Radisson Edwardian Mercer Street Hotel. On another is the Comyn Ching Triangle, a block of old buildings renovated during the 1980s. Despite some redevelopment, many original buildings remain. There are two historic plaques in the area, one at 13 Monmouth Street, where Brian Epstein managed his company and another in Neal's Yard, at the "Animation, Editing and Recording Studios of Monty Python", actually the studios and offices of Michael Palin and Terry Gilliam from 1976 to 1987.

A November 2017 report describes Seven Dials as follows:

"In its own right, this septet of streets is home to nearly 100 fashion, beauty and lifestyle stores, plus 90 or so independent cafés, bars and restaurants. You can find food, fashion and music festivals throughout the year, join in huge parades or private shopping events, and there is culture galore on tap, including many of the West End's best known theatres on the doorstep. ... Seven Dials combines boutique, independent retail with high-end, household name British brands, street food with Michelin-starred restaurants, and cutting edge coolness with a definite flavour of its past in its cobbled streets and courtyards."

The monument
Neale commissioned the architect and stonemason Edward Pierce to design and construct a sundial pillar during 1693–94. The original drawing in brown ink with a grey wash is in the British Museum collection.

On top of an eight-foot (2.4m) tall plinth, there is a 20-foot (6.1m) tall Doric column. The sculpture that contains the six sundials and the pinnacle is ten foot (3m) tall. This block is arranged with direct north and south facing vertical dials, and four vertically declining dials. The monument was erected during 1694, but removed during 1773. Reconstruction of the replica was launched by the Seven Dials Trust during 1985 and erected during 1989. It was the first project of its kind in London since the erection of Nelson's Column in the 1840s. The dials were designed, carved and gilded by Caroline Webb, while the astronomer Gordon Taylor verified the mathematics. Each of the faces is accurate to within ten seconds. The dials give local apparent solar time, so a correction must be made using the conversion graph displayed on the plinth to work out clock time. Seven dials is 0° 07' geographical degrees to the west of Greenwich – that is 3.048 seconds behind Greenwich Mean Time.

In popular culture

 * "The Monmouth Street Cap", an 1819 poem by Elizabeth Beverley, is a satirical account of public charity.
 * One of the pieces in Charles Dickens' collection Sketches by Boz (1837–1839) is named "Seven Dials".
 * In H. G. Wells' 1897 short story "The Crystal Egg", the eponymous object is owned by the proprietor of "a little and very grimy-looking shop near Seven Dials."
 * In Pio Baroja’s 1908 novel "La ciudad de la niebla", near the house which is rented by the protagonist María Aracil "se hallaba la plaza de Seven Dials o de los Siete Cuadrantes, adonde convergían siete callejuelas, en otro tiempo rincón de mala fama, especie de corte de los Milagros londinense y hoy ya un sitio sin carácter alguno y con el aspecto de una plazuela concurrida y animada"
 * Agatha Christie's 1929 work, The Seven Dials Mystery. In 1981, London Weekend Television televised an adaptation of the book, with well-known actors, including John Gielgud.
 * C. S. Forester's novel Mr. Midshipman Hornblower (1950) features a duchess, in the chapter "The Duchess and the Devil", who speaks in a "startlingly vulgar" accent from the Seven Dials.
 * The name of the police station in the British television series The Gentle Touch (1980–1984) was Seven Dials.
 * "I could be a rambler from the Seven Dials" is the opening lyric of Stephen Stills's 1991 song "Treetop Flyer".
 * Several episodes of the 2008 British television series City of Vice are set around Seven Dials.
 * Slammerkin, a 2000 novel by Emma Donoghue, is partly set in Seven Dials.
 * In Terry Pratchett's 2012 novel Dodger, Seven Dials is the setting for much of the action and where the eponymous hero lives.
 * The Bone Season, a 2013 novel by Samantha Shannon, is partly set in Seven Dials.
 * Roddy Frame's fourth solo studio album, released in 2014, is entitled Seven Dials. Frame explained in a radio interview that he has spent much time there.
 * Brenda Hiatt's five-book Regency romance Saint of Seven Dials series features rogue heroes who rob from the rich to help the poor in the notorious Seven Dials slum of Regency era London.
 * The 23rd book (2003) in Anne Perry's historical fiction series featuring Charlotte & Thomas Pitt, set in the late 1800s, is titled Seven Dials. A part of the book takes place in that slum area.
 * The final book in the Williamson Papers series, Back Home by Tom Williams, is also set in 19th-century London; a character has gotten into trouble in the Seven Dials.
 * In Robert Tressell's novel The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists, the Liberal Party (UK) candidate's campaign in Mugsborough is enforced by bullies from Seven Dials paid ten shillings a day
 * Punjabi singer and rapper Sidhu Moose Wala shot a music video in Seven Dials in May 2021.

Property development
Seven Dials is predominantly owned by Shaftesbury PLC, which also have a joint venture with the Worshipful Company of Mercers at the adjoining St Martin's Courtyard.

title: Seven Dials, London


text:
Rovers

Rovers may refer to:

Sports

 * Rovers Cup

Association football teams

 * A.F.C. Kempston Rovers, a football club based in Kempston, Bedfordshire, England
 * Albion Rovers F.C. (Newport), Wales
 * Albion Rovers F.C., Coatbridge, Scotland
 * Blackburn Rovers F.C., England
 * Blackpool Wren Rovers F.C., Lancashire, England
 * Boston Rovers, a United States soccer team that competed in the United Soccer Association league in 1967
 * Bristol Rovers F.C., England
 * Doncaster Rovers F.C., England
 * Fall River Rovers, a United States soccer club, based in Fall River, Massachusetts
 * Forest Green Rovers F.C., Gloucestershire, England
 * Nyenye Rovers FC, Lesotho
 * Paulton Rovers F.C., near Bristol, England
 * Raith Rovers F.C., Kirkcaldy, Scotland
 * River City Rovers, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
 * Rochedale Rovers Football Club, Queensland, Australia
 * Roma Rovers FC, Lesotho
 * Rovers FC (Guam)
 * Shamrock Rovers F.C., Dublin, Ireland
 * Sligo Rovers F.C., Sligo, Ireland
 * Tampines Rovers FC, Singapore
 * Taringa Rovers Soccer Football Club, Brisbane, Australia
 * Tranmere Rovers F.C., Birkenhead, England
 * Welton Rovers F.C., Somerset, England

Rugby league teams

 * Featherstone Rovers, a rugby league club in Featherstone, United Kingdom
 * Hull Kingston Rovers, a rugby league club in Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom
 * Richmond Rovers, a rugby league club based in Grey Lynn, New Zealand

Other football teams

 * Ilen Rovers, a Gaelic football club in County Cork, Ireland
 * Valley Rovers, a hurling club in County Cork, Ireland

Other

 * Rovers (Australia), the fifth and final youth section of Scouts Australia
 * Rovers (TV series)
 * The Rovers (TV series)
 * Radio Rovers, the official radio station of the English Championship football side Blackburn Rovers FC

title: Rovers


text:
National Touring Exhibitions

National Touring Exhibitions is a programme managed and funded by Arts Council England that aims to provide access to high-quality contemporary and historical travelling exhibitions throughout the UK. The programme organises 2-3 major art exhibitions a year and has a further dozen that require minimal technical support. It is also responsible for the British Art Show.

It is a direct descendant of the original Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts (CEMA) programme.

title: National Touring Exhibitions


text:
Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł

Prince Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł (Mykolas Kazimieras Radvila; 26 October 1625 – 14 November 1680) was a Polish–Lithuanian noble and magnate. He is sometimes referred to as the first Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł, to distinguish him from the other member of his family to use the name.

He held the following titles: Majorat of Nieśwież, Master of the Pantry of Lithuania (since 1652), Carver of Lithuania (since 1653), Cupbearer of Lithuania (since 1656), castellan of Vilnius (since 1661), Voivode of the Vilnius Voivodeship (since 1667), Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania (1668) and Field Hetman of Lithuania. He was also a starost of Upytė, Przemyśl, Człuchów, Kamieniec, Chojnice, Lida, Telšiai, Rabsztyn, Choteń, Homel, Oster, Gulbin, and several other towns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Between 2 May and 18 July 1661, he served as the Marshal of the ordinary Sejm held in Warsaw. He married Katarzyna Sobieska, the sister of the King of Poland John III Sobieski on 16 June 1658.

Unlike his cousins, Janusz Radziwiłł and Bogusław Radziwiłł, he was one of the members of the Radziwiłł family who valiantly fought in the defence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during The Deluge.

title: Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł


text:
River Yox

The River Yox is a river in the English county of Suffolk. It flows from the west of Peasenhall through Sibton and Yoxford where it becomes the Minsmere River. The Yox was originally fordable at Yoxford where a modern road bridge allows the A12 to cross the river.

The river valley is largely drained and used as grassland with some arable use at Sibton. Some peat deposits are present. The valley has a narrow floodplain with water meadows and has largely been drained using a system of dykes.

Wildlife
As of 2018, the river at Yoxford was seen to contain sticklebacks, brown trout, frogs, newts, grass snakes, and otters. Eels were seen in 2017. Kingfishers have not been observed since 2017, nor have any water voles. Hitherto there had been a large population of water voles along a large stretch of the river, but regular predation by domestic cats has been observed. As of 2020, water voles and kingfishers have been regularly seen on a stretch of the river behind Yoxford High Street.

title: River Yox


text:
Government of Spain

The government of Spain (Gobierno de España) is the central government which leads the executive branch and the General State Administration of the Kingdom of Spain.

The Government consists of the Prime Minister and the Ministers; the prime minister has the overall direction of the Ministers and can appoint or terminate their appointments freely and all of them belong to the supreme decision-making body, known as the Council of Ministers. The Government is responsible before the Parliament (Cortes Generales), and more precisely before the Congress of the Deputies, a body which elects the Prime Minister or dismisses them through a motion of censure. This is because Spain is a parliamentary system established by the Constitution of 1978.

Its fundamental regulation is placed in Title IV of the Constitution, as well as in Title V of that document, with respect to its relationship with the Cortes Generales, and in Law 50/1997, of 27 November, of the Government. According to Article 97 of the Constitution and Article 1.1 of the Government Act, "the Government directs domestic and foreign policy, the civil and military administration and the defense of the State. It exercises the executive function and the regulatory regulation according to the Constitution and the laws".

The current prime minister is Pedro Sánchez, who took office on 2 June 2018. He is the leader of the Socialist Workers' Party, and he leads his third cabinet since late 2023.

The Government is occasionally referred to by the metonymy Moncloa, due to the fact that the residence of the Prime Minister, the Palace of Moncloa, is also the headquarters of the Government.

Principles
The Government's performance is governed by the following operating principles:

 * Principle of presidential direction: The Prime Minister directs the Ministers and can appoint or dismiss them freely.
 * Principle of responsibility: The Prime Minister responds politically to the Congress of Deputies for the action of the Government. The eventual cessation of the Prime Minister implies the cessation of the Government.
 * Principle of collegiality: The Government, understood as Council of Ministers, is a collegiate body composed of a plurality of members of the Government.
 * Principle of solidarity: The Government responds in solidum for the action of each one of the members of the Government.
 * Departmental principle: The members of the Government, as well as members of this collegiate body, are also the heads of a department in charge of a more or less homogeneous area of competence.

Government in Parliament
The Kingdom of Spain is a constitutional monarchy in which executive decisions are made by the Government. More specifically, the Spanish Constitution describes Spain's form of government as "Monarquía parlamentaria", or parliamentary monarchy, in which the monarch acts as a moderator rather than a source of executory authority. Spain possesses an asymmetric bicameral parliament, called the "Cortes Generales", composed of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate. While both the Congress and Senate propose legislation, albeit by different procedural mechanisms, the Government has the right to be consulted for such proposals. The Government may also propose law directly. A Government-sponsored bill is known as a proyecto de ley, contrasting with a proposición de ley which is offered by a house of parliament.

Neither the prime minister nor the ministers need to be members of parliament, but the Government must account to both the Senate and Congress every week in a parliamentary meeting known as a sesión de control (control session) (Part V § 108). Questioning minor-rank ministers, such as Secretaries of State or Under Secretaries, must be done in Parliamentary Committees. While the prime minister is typically elected from the members of Congress, the current prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, was not a member of either chamber for the first year of his premiership.

Under the parliamentary system, the Government is required to maintain the confidence of the Congress of Deputies. In the absence of such confidence, the Government may fall or prove unable to pass legislation. There are two procedures to ascertain the Congress's confidence in the Government: the motion of no-confidence (Part V § 113), by which members of parliament can ask the Congress to rescind its confidence in the prime minister and to elect another, and the question of confidence (Part V § 112), by which the prime minister asks the Congress if it supports the Government's political programs generally or a specific piece of legislation. A loss by the Government in either case may result in the removal of the prime minister.

The Government and the Crown
The Spanish monarch, currently King Felipe VI, is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. As a monarch of a parliamentary monarchy, the executive power does not belong to The Crown and is independent from it. The Constitution gives the monarch a symbolic role, but also a moderating role, being able to intervene if there is a conflict between the country's institutions (Part II § 56).

As commander-in-chief of the armed forces, former King Juan Carlos I suppressed the 23-F Spanish coup d'état attempt in February 1981, showing that the monarch has more power than the constitution grants him. The heir presumptive is Leonor, Princess of Asturias.

The Constitution also gives the monarch some powers known as Royal Prerogatives. These prerogatives range from the signing of international treaties, to declaring war and making peace or to dissolving the parliament. However, with the arrival of democracy, these prerogatives have been regulated and most of them must be countersigned by an official.

Although the monarch is not part of the executive power, the prime minister has weekly meetings with him to inform him about the Government's activity and the King can express his opinion. In the same sense, the monarch is normally invited to the first Council of Ministers of every new government (and others if the prime ministers wants to) and to the meetings of bodies such as the National Security Council or the National Defence Council.

The Royal prerogatives are:

Domestic powers

 * The power to appoint and dismiss the prime minister. This power is exercised by the monarch himself. By convention he appoints the individual with most support of the Congress.
 * The power to dismiss and appoint other ministers. This power is exercised by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister.
 * The power to assent to and enact laws by giving Royal Assent to Bills passed by Parliament, which is required in order for a law to make it into a law. This prerogative is exercised by the monarch but needs the countersignature of the prime minister. It is not constitutionally allowed for him to refuse to sign a law passed by Parliament.
 * The power to assent to and enact norms with a lower rank than law. This prerogative is exercised by the monarch but needs the countersignature of the prime minister, a minister, the president of the Congress, or the Senate (depending on the kind of norm).
 * The power to call for a referendum. This is exercised with the countersignature of the prime minister after being requested by the Council of Ministers.
 * The power to command the Armed Forces of Spain. This prerogative is delegated to the prime minister and the minister of Defence.
 * The power to give royal pardons, in Spain known as right of grace (derecho de gracia). This is exercised by the monarch but the decision of whom to pardon is delegated to the Minister of Justice and the Council of Ministers.
 * The power to be informed of the affairs of State and chair the sessions of the Council of Ministers. It is exercised after being requested by the prime minister.
 * The power to grant civil and military jobs. This prerogative requires a Government countersignature.
 * The power to appoint civil or military members of his private household.
 * The power to use freely the budget of his household.
 * The power to grant (and also to cancel and annul) honours.
 * The power of high patronage of the Royal Academies.
 * The power to grant sports teams, federations, and other sports organizations the title of Real (Royal).

Foreign powers

 * The power to ratify and make treaties.
 * The power to declare war and conclude peace with other nations.
 * The power to credit and receive diplomats.

Members
To see the current members, see Council of Ministers. According to Article 98 of the Spanish Constitution and Article 1.2 of the Government Law, the Government of Spain is composed of:
 * The Prime Minister.
 * The Deputy Prime Minister or Deputy Prime Ministers (If there are more than one).
 * The Ministers.
 * Other members. There is the possibility of incorporating other figures into Government by law (such as Secretaries of State). However, this constitutional possibility has not yet been used.

Requirements
In accordance with article 11 of the Law of the Government, "to be a member of the Government it is required to be Spanish, adult, to enjoy the rights of active and passive suffrage, as well as not to be disabled to exercise employment or public office by sentence Judicial firm."

Criminal privileges
The members of the Government enjoy their own criminal procedure so that they will only be tried by the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court.

The initiation of a case for treason or against the security of the State can only respond to the initiative of a quarter of the Congress of Deputies, approved by an absolute majority thereof, and can not be granted a pardon in such cases.

Caretaker government
The Caretaker Government is regulated in Section 101 of the Spanish Constitution which says that "the Government shall resign after the holding of general elections, in the event of loss of parliamentary confidence as provided in the Constitution, or on the resignation or death of the President. The outgoing Government shall continue as acting body until the new Government takes office".

Between the approval of the Constitution in 1978 and the approval of the Government Act of 1997, there were no explicit limitations to the Government powers while acting as acting government except for what the doctrine and parliamentary practice said. With this constitutional precept it was intended that the succession of one Government by another does not affect the fundamental continuity of the governmental action or that paralysis or dysfunctions occur in the system as a whole. This need of not leaving a modern state without its central governing body is explained very well in a Supreme Court sentence saying that "It is easy to understand that Spain can not run out of government even for a few hours".

In 1997 the Government Act was passed; the Caretaker Government is regulated in Title 4. In addition to the aforementioned constitutional provisions, Section 21 of the Government Act establishes that "the caretaker government shall facilitate the normal development of the process of formation of the new Government and the transfer of powers to it and limit its duties to the ordinary office of public affairs, abstaining from adopting, except in cases of urgency duly accredited or for reasons of general interest whose accreditation expressly justifies it, any other measures".

This article also establishes explicit limitations on the Prime Minister, preventing him from "proposing to the King the dissolution of any of the Chambers or the Cortes Generales, raising the question of confidence, or proposing to the King the calling for a consultative referendum" and on the Government prohibiting it from "the approval of the State General Budget Bill or presenting bills to the Cortes Generales". The government neither may exercise the legislative delegations that the parliament has granted to it while acting as a caretaker government.

On the occasion of the 2015–2016 caretaker government of Mariano Rajoy, the Government refused repeatedly to submit to the control of the Congress of Deputies alleging that there was no trust relationship between both powers for the fact of being a caretaker government and, therefore, there was no control of the legislative power over the executive. Faced with this situation, the Congress denounced the Executive Power before the Constitutional Court for refusing to submit to its control and, on 22 November 2018, the high court ruled that the Government "undermined the constitutional attribution" that the Constitution confers on Congress and that although "control of the Government's action will normally be exercised within the framework of the confidence that must exist between the Government and the Congress of Deputies", this does not mean that "exceptionally, as are the periods in which there is no relationship of trust between Congress and the Government, the aforementioned control function can not be exercised" since "the control function that corresponds to the Cortes Generales is implicit in its representative character and in the form of parliamentary government that establishes Article 1.3 of the Constitution, not being able to deny the Chambers all exercise of the control function, since this would affect to the balance of powers foreseen in our Constitution".

The longest caretaker government of the Spanish politics since the restoration of democracy in 1977 has been the 2015–2016 Rajoy government with a record of 316 days.

Location
The Office of the Prime Minister as well as the official headquarters of the Government are located in the Palace of Moncloa, outside Madrid. The Council of Ministers meetings also take place here. In this palace is also the office of the deputy prime minister, the headquarters of the Ministry of the Presidency and the office of the Government's Spokesperson. Most of the government departments are located in the centre of the city of Madrid, each having its own buildings. One of the most famous places where ministries are located is the gubernatorial complex of New Ministries.

Advisory bodies
The Spanish Government has two main advisory bodies:

 * The Council of State, which advise the Government in legal matters and all the issues that does not correspond to the other advisory body.
 * The Economic and Social Council, responsible for advising the Government in socioeconomic and labour matters.

Budget
The General State Budget is considered one of the most important legislations that a Government can pass. According to the Constitution, the Government is the only body that can make the Budget bill, although it is the parliament who must accept it, reject it or propose modifications. If the Congress approves a full budget amend, the budget is automatically rejected.

Devolved governments
Since the approval of the Constitution of 1978, Spain was established as a decentralized unitary country which grants its regions a high degree of autonomy. The first two regions to be granted autonomy were the Basque Country and Catalonia in 1979. In 1981, four further regions achieved their autonomy: Andalusia, Asturias, Cantabria and Galicia. A year later, seven more regions were granted autonomy: Aragon, the Canary Islands, Castile-La Mancha, Navarre, Murcia and La Rioja. The last four regions to get their autonomy were the Balearic Islands, Castile and León, Extremadura and Madrid, all of them in 1983.

The Constitution also grants the cities of Ceuta and Melilla autonomy, which they got in 1995. The Constitution also gives them the possibility to become fully autonomous communities, but so far these cities have not requested the activation of this clause.

Commissioners
Although it is not a very common position within the Administration, it has existed the position of Commissioner or High Commissioner, a senior official normally holding the position of Secretary of State or Under Secretary, being entrusted with a specific task.

Currently, there are two high commissioners, three special commissioners and two commissioners, all of them with the rank of Under-Secretary:

 * The High Commissioner for the fight against child poverty, created in 2018 to end with the child poverty and inequality in childhood in Spain and to oversight the comply of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international agreements on this matter by the different administrations. It has the rank of Under Secretary and it depends from the Prime Minister.
 * The High Commissioner for Spain Entrepreneurial Nation, created in 2020 to coordinate all the actions relating the economic and technological entrepreneurship. It has the rank of Under Secretary and it depends from the Prime Minister.
 * The Special Commissioner for the Alliance for the New Economy of Language, created in 2022 to promote and coordinate all projects related to the private-public project which aims to use Spanish and other Spanish languages in the field of artificial intelligence. It has the rank of Under Secretary and it depends from the minister of Economy.
 * The Special Commissioner for Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda, created in 2022 to promote and coordinate all transport, mobility and urban agenda private-public projects. It has the rank of Under Secretary and it depends from the minister of Transport.
 * The Special Commissioner for the Reconstruction of the island of La Palma, created in 2022 to coordinate and promote the actions adopted by the General State Administration to repair the damage caused by volcanic eruptions and for the reconstruction of the island of La Palma. It has the rank of Under Secretary and it depends from the minister of the Presidency, although functionally from the minister of Transport.
 * The Commissioner for Aerospace 'PERTE', created in 2022 to promote and coordinate all projects related to the private-public project which aims to reform the Spanish aerospace industry and to assist the Ministry of Science in the necessary actions to create the Spanish Space Agency.
 * The Commissioner for the Promotion of Sustainable Energy in the Islands, created in 2022 to coordinate and promote public policies for sustainable energy in the Balearic and Canary archipelagos. It depends from the Secretary of State for Energy of the Ministry of Ecological Transition.

Former commissioners

 * Because of the Prestige oil spill in late 2002, the Government created in 2003 the Commissioner for actions arising from the catastrophe of the ship "Prestige" to collaborate in the actions to repair the damages originated by it. It was suppressed in 2004. It had the rank of Secretary of State and it depended from the Deputy Prime Minister.
 * For this purpose between 2003 and 2004 also existed two Commissioners one depending from the Development Minister and other from the Environment Minister.
 * In 2003 it was created the Commissioner of the Government for the participation of Spain in the reconstruction of Iraq and the position was assumed by the Secretary of State of Defence.
 * After the 2004 Madrid train bombings, the government created the High Commissioner for the Support of Victims of Terrorism. It had rank of Secretary of State and it depended from the Prime Minister.
 * In 2005 it was created the Commissioner of the Government for the celebration of the 32nd America's Cup to coordinate the organization of the 2007 America's Cup after which the Commissioner ceased in its functions. It had rank of Under Secretary and it depended from the Public Administration Minister.
 * Between 2011 and 2013 existed the position of Commissioner of the Government for actions derived from the Lorca earthquake, renamed in 2012 Commissioner of the Government for the Reconstruction and Economic Reactivation of the Lorca Zone, to coordinate, monitoring and, where appropriate, the proposal to the Government of the measures to repair and rebuild the affected area by the 2011 Lorca earthquake in collaboration with the Region of Murcia and the City Council of Lorca. It had rank of Secretary of State and it depended from the Ministers of the Presidency and Development.
 * Between 2012 and 2018 existed the position of High Commissioner of the Government for the Spain Brand to improve the foreign image and to promote Spain. It had the rank of Secretary of State and it depended from the Foreign Minister. In 2018, its competences where assumed by the Secretary of State for Global Spain.
 * The Commissioner of the Government for the Demographic Challenge, created in 2017 to develop a nation-wide common strategy to face the progressive population ageing, territorial depopulation and the effects of the floating population. It had the rank of Under Secretary and it was part of the Territorial Policy Ministry. It was abolished in 2020 and its competences were assumed by the newly General Secretariat for the Demographic Challenge.
 * The High Commissioner for the 2030 Agenda, created in 2018 to coordinate all the actions taken by the Public Administrations to accomplish with the Sustainable Development Goals. It had the rank of Under Secretary and it was part of the Prime Minister's Office. Abolished in 2020, its competences were assumed by the Secretariat of State for the 2030 Agenda.

Logo
Shown here is the official logo of the Government of Spain. On the left are the EU and the Spanish flags and in the centre is the coat of arms of Spain and the words Gobierno de España (in English: "Government of Spain"). The ministries’ logos consist of additional yellow rectangles added to the right of the Government's logo, which read the name of the ministry in the same typographic style (Gill Sans).

title: Government of Spain


text:
Veolia (disambiguation)

 * Veolia Environnement
 * Veolia Transport
 * Veolia Transport NSW, now Transdev NSW in Australia
 * Veolia Transport Perth, now Transdev WA in Australia
 * Veolia Transport Queensland, now Transdev Queensland in Australia
 * Veolia Transport Brisbane, now Transdev Brisbane Ferries in Australia
 * Veolia Transport Norge, now Boreal Norge in Norway
 * Veolia Transport Cymru, later Crossgates Coaches in Wales
 * Veolia Verkehr, now Transdev Germany in Germany, Verkehr ~ transport in German
 * Veolia Transport Auckland, now Transdev Auckland in New Zealand
 * Veolia Cargo, sold to Eurotunnel
 * Veolia Transport Nederland, in the Netherlands
 * Veolia Transdev, now Transdev
 * Veolia Water
 * Veolia Water UK
 * Veolia Water Central
 * Veolia Water Southeast
 * Veolia Water East

title: Veolia (disambiguation)


text:
Michele Aboro

Michele Aboro (born 17 July 1967) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1995 to 2001. She retired an undefeated world champion, having held the WIBF super-bantamweight title from 2000 to 2001.

Michele Aboro, along with her countrywoman Michelle Sutcliffe and German Regina Halmich, became an important figure in European women's boxing, helping raise awareness about female participation in a traditionally male sport.

Professional career
On 4 March 1995 she debuted as a professional boxer, with a first round knockout win over Marleen Lambert in Belgium. As a matter of a fact, her first three professional fights were held in different European countries (Belgium, Italy and Hungary) and they were all first-round knockout wins for Aboro. Her fourth fight, on 19 October 1996 against Severine Grandsire, was her first fight in Germany, and Aboro won by a sixth-round technical knockout.

Aboro had one more win, and then, on 29 November 1997, she met future world champion Daisy Lang, defeating Lang by a six-round decision.

On 22 August 1998 Aboro fought Brigitte Pastor for the vacant WIBF European Super Bantamweight title, knocking out Pastor in five rounds to win her first professional belt. She defended her title once, knocking out Galina Gumliiska in eight rounds on 28 November, then followed that win with four more wins in a row, before obtaining her first world title opportunity. Aboro became a world champion when she fought Eva Jones, on 5 February 2000, knocking Jones out in round ten to become the WIBF's world Super Bantamweight champion.

Then came Downtown Leona Brown's challenge. Aboro met the future world champion on 13 June that year, defeating Brown by a ten-round decision.

After two, non-title wins, she faced the highly touted contender Kelsey Jeffries, who had 10 wins and only 2 losses coming into their bout, for her second world championship defence. Aboro defended the title successfully against Jeffries on 10 February 2001, with a ten-round decision win.

After one more non-title win, Aboro made what has been, to date, her last fight. On 24 November that year she beat Nadia Debras, who she had previously beaten, by a ten-round decision, to retain her world title for the third time.

Aboro has not officially announced her retirement. However, should she decide to remain inactive and, ultimately, to retire from boxing, she would join Rocky Marciano and a handful of others in boxing's history to retire as an undefeated world champion.

As of 2019, Aboro is a resident of Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Kickboxing record
! style=background:white colspan=9 |Won ISKA World Championship. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |International title. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |IMTF World lightweight title. ! style=background:white colspan=9 |WTBP World title.
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1995-09-10 || Win ||align=left|Miyuki Nojima || Dutch K-1 Tournament, Final || Amsterdam, Netherlands || TKO || 1 || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1995-09-10 || Win ||align=left|Fienie Klee || Dutch K-1 Tournament, Semi Final || Amsterdam, Netherlands || Points || 3 || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1995-06-11 || Win ||align=left|Stephanie Curtiss || ISKA World Championships, Finals || Moscow, Russia || Points || 3 || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1995-06-11 || Win ||align=left|Stephanie Curtiss || ISKA World Championships, Finals || Moscow, Russia || Points || 3 || ||
 * 1995-06-11 || Win ||align=left|Stephanie Curtiss || ISKA World Championships, Finals || Moscow, Russia || Points || 3 || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1995-06-11 || Win ||align=left|Natasha Larionova || ISKA World Championships, Semi Finals || Moscow, Russia || Points || 3 || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1995-06-11 || Win ||align=left|Mary Shariyk || ISKA World Championships, Quarters Finals || Moscow, Russia || TKO || || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1995-04-02 || Win ||align=left|Severine Grandsire || || Amsterdam, Netherlands || TKO || 3 || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1994-00-00 || Win ||align=left|Fienie Klee || || || TKO || 5 || ||
 * - bgcolor="FFBBBB"
 * 1992-05-17 || Loss ||align=left|Lucia Rijker || || Hamburg, Germany || TKO || || ||
 * - bgcolor="FFBBBB"
 * 1992-00-00 || Loss ||align=left|Nancy Joseph || || ||  ||  || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1991-09-00 || Win ||align=left| || || Paris, France || KO || 1 || ||
 * - bgcolor="FFBBBB"
 * 1992-00-00 || Loss ||align=left|Nancy Joseph || || ||  ||  || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1991-09-00 || Win ||align=left| || || Paris, France || KO || 1 || ||
 * 1991-09-00 || Win ||align=left| || || Paris, France || KO || 1 || ||
 * - bgcolor="FFBBBB"
 * 1991-06-09 || Loss ||align=left|Lucia Rijker || || Oldham, England || TKO || 1 || ||
 * - bgcolor="c5d2ea"
 * 1991-04-21 || Draw ||align=left|Lisa Howarth || || London, England || Draw || || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1990-00-00 || Win ||align=left|Ann Holmes || || London, England || Points || 5 || ||
 * - bgcolor="CCFFCC"
 * 1990-00-00 || Win ||align=left|Ann Holmes || || London, England || Points || 5 || ||
 * colspan=9 | Legend:
 * colspan=9 | Legend:

title: Michele Aboro


text: Category:Forensic science

title: Category:Forensic science


text:
User:Demiurg

Wikipedia user Demiurg, aka Alexander Sirotkin.

My blogs: Other links:
 * LiveJournal
 * Blogger
 * My Dojo
 * My publications
 * My work

title: User:Demiurg