text:
Talk:Sophia

Sophia
Notably absent from this article is "Sophia" written in the original Greek characters.

I'll bet it is Σoφíα ...but don't take my word for this. Ejrrjs | What? 19:16, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I added the title, Sophia, above, today. --Ludvikus 01:08, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

Sophia is a name of a girl who is kind of nice but she should be president so vote for sophia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 136.235.245.102 (talk) 21:17, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

Sophos
Notably absent from this article is "Sophos" written in the original Greek characters.

Yours truly, --Ludvikus 01:08, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

σοφοσ or ΣΟΦΟΣ User:Ejrrjs says What? 07:21, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I changed the sigma into an ending sigma: ς. I hope I am not overcorrecting, since I understand that the funny sigma is a relatively new habit in greek texts, and here an older form is mentioned.

--Kees.huizing 10:26, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. User:Ejrrjs says What? 18:47, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Uncyclopedia
Should we mentioned their Sophia? BioTube 06:47, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Is it encyclopedic? User:Ejrrjs says What? 07:21, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

Buildings
Institutions is perhaps a better title to this section.

Another Sophia band
Has been around for a while, but there's simply little information on them D:

they're ambient, ish.

You can find them on last.fm -> http://www.last.fm/music/Sophia/+wiki

The one I mean is by the Peter Bjärgö. Mattz1010 20:57, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * This group is perhaps best described as martial and is, as far as I know, now defunct. bloodofox: 00:08, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * They may be defunct, but there are many defunct bands out there on Wiki :P Mattz1010 (talk) 03:54, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Sophia (wisdom) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:30, 12 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sophia


text:
File:Geogaddi.jpg

Personal scan from album artwork, cropped and resized in a graphics package.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Geogaddi.jpg


text:
Popular socialism

Popular socialism or people's socialism is a distinct form of socialism in various countries.

Nordic countries
Popular socialism or people's socialism (Folkesocialisme, Folkesosialisme) is a distinct socialist current in the Nordic countries.

In that context the term can be said to represent a distinct ideological tendency, originating from Aksel Larsen's split from the Communist Party of Denmark in 1956. Larsen founded the Socialist People's Party (SF), which placed itself between communism and social democracy. In Norway a similar party, the Socialist People's Party, was formed by an anti-NATO/anti–European Economic Community split from the Labour Party and later became the backbone of Socialist Left Party (SV). Today, both the Danish SF and the Norwegian SV identify their ideological base as 'popular socialism'. In Sweden the term has sometimes been used and there were at one point discussions within the rightist section of the Left Party on forming a political project with the Danish SF as a model, but the split was eventually avoided.

Inspired by green politics and democratic socialism, popular socialism places emphasis on grassroots democracy, social justice, and environmentalism. Popular socialist parties participate in democratic elections to gain popularity and influence policy, but do not consider the power of government as their primary goal, preferring to work within participatory systems on a local level.

United States
The American People's Party was a populist farmer-labor movement that advocated a progressive income tax, federal farm credit, the communization of railroads, telegraphs, and banks, the eight-hour workday, the right to form labor organizations, and other demands typical of popular socialist movements.

Eastern European countries
People's socialism in Eastern Europe originated in the 1890s as an effort to differentiate from traditional social democracy with basic ideological patterns modeled after those of the National-Social Association in Imperial Germany. The most prominent parties were the People's Socialist Party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Poporanists (popor, meaning "people" in Romanian) in the Kingdom of Romania, the Popular Socialists and Narodniks in the Russian Empire, and the "National Socialist", understood as "people's socialist", Czechoslovak National Social Party in Czechoslovakia. This Eastern European form is less leftist in ideological placement than in Nordic countries' form of socialism, strictly refusing Marxism, with certain revisionist elements. During the 1920s they were active as observer parties in the Labour and Socialist International but never became full members, although Czechoslovak National Social Party later joined Radical International and its delegates were even among founding members of the Liberal International in 1947. The poporanist-influenced National Peasants' Party joined the International Agrarian Bureau.

Germany
Popular socialism (Volkssozialismus) was a distinct course introduced in 1930s by Wenzel Jaksch, leader of the German Social Democratic Workers' Party in the Czechoslovak Republic. While inspired by Otto Strasser, this course connects Non-Marxist social democracy with German nationalism as a form to fight Nazism. It was also promoted by politicians like Wilhelm Sollmann inside the Social Democratic Party of Germany, where it was present also after end of the World War II, represented by Sudeten German leaders of the Federation of Expellees.

title: Popular socialism


text:
List of settlements in the Euboea regional unit

This is a list of settlements in the Euboea regional unit, Greece.

 * Achladeri
 * Achladi
 * Aetos
 * Afrati
 * Agdines
 * Agia Anna
 * Agia Sofia
 * Agios Athanasios
 * Agios Dimitrios
 * Agios Georgios
 * Agios Ioannis
 * Agios Loukas
 * Agios Nikolaos
 * Agios Vlasios
 * Agios
 * Agriovotano
 * Aktaio
 * Aliveri
 * Almyropotamos
 * Amarynthos
 * Amelantes
 * Amfithea
 * Amygdalia
 * Andronianoi
 * Ano Kourouni
 * Ano Potamia
 * Ano Vatheia
 * Argyro
 * Artemisio
 * Asmini
 * Attali
 * Avgaria
 * Avlonari
 * Chalcis
 * Dafnoussa
 * Drosia
 * Dystos
 * Ellinika
 * Enoria
 * Eretria
 * Farakla
 * Faros
 * Fylla
 * Galatsades
 * Galatsona
 * Gavalas
 * Gerakiou
 * Gialtra
 * Giannitsi
 * Glyfada
 * Grampia
 * Gymno
 * Istiaia
 * Kadi
 * Kalimerianoi
 * Kallianos
 * Kallithea
 * Kalochori-Panteichi
 * Kalyvia
 * Kamaria
 * Kamaritsa
 * Kampia
 * Karystos
 * Kastaniotissa
 * Kastella
 * Kathenoi
 * Kato Kourouni
 * Katsaroni
 * Kechries
 * Kerameia
 * Kerasia
 * Kipoi
 * Kirinthos
 * Kokkinomilea
 * Komito
 * Konistres
 * Kontodespoti
 * Koskina
 * Kotsikia
 * Kourkouloi
 * Kremastos
 * Krieza
 * Kryoneritis
 * Kymi
 * Kyparissi
 * Lepoura
 * Lichada
 * Limni
 * Loukisia
 * Loutra Aidipsou
 * Loutsa
 * Makrychori
 * Makrykapa
 * Maletianoi
 * Manikia
 * Mantoudi
 * Marmari
 * Melissonas
 * Mesochoria
 * Metochi Dirfyon
 * Metochi
 * Milies
 * Mistros
 * Monodryo
 * Monokarya
 * Myloi
 * Mytikas
 * Nea Artaki
 * Nea Lampsakos
 * Nea Styra
 * Neochori
 * Neos Pyrgos
 * Nerotrivia
 * Oktonia
 * Oreoi
 * Orio
 * Orologi
 * Oxylithos
 * Pagontas
 * Paliouras
 * Pappades
 * Paradeisi
 * Paralia Avlidas
 * Partheni
 * Petries
 * Pilio
 * Pissonas
 * Platana
 * Platanistos
 * Politika
 * Polypotamos
 * Pournos
 * Prasino
 * Prokopi
 * Psachna
 * Pyrgi
 * Pyrgos
 * Rovies
 * Seta
 * Skepasti
 * Skyros
 * Spathari
 * Stavros
 * Steni Dirfyos
 * Stouppaioi
 * Strofylia
 * Stropones
 * Styra
 * Taxiarches
 * Taxiarchis
 * Tharounia
 * Theologos
 * Trachili
 * Triada
 * Vasilika
 * Vasiliko
 * Vathy
 * Velos
 * Vitala
 * Vlachia
 * Vounoi
 * Voutas
 * Vrysi
 * Zarakes

By municipality
Skyros (no subdivisions)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Flumotion

Flumotion was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Flumotion
According to the website, the project was officially launched last week. A little too soon to be considered notable. --LeeHunter 16:06, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - no evidence or argument for notability Cdc 17:13, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Promotion. (Besides, with stomach flu, I think of a particular -motion they probably don't mean.)  Geogre 18:06, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Belongs on freshmeat. [[User:Xezbeth| Xezbeth ]] 19:34, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, promo-vanity. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 22:05, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad, leeg name Wyss 23:17, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, spamvertising. [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 20:29, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:212.55.43.166

title: User talk:212.55.43.166


text:
User:ClockworkSoul/awayuntil

 ''Notice: I will be less active over the next few days, as my academic responsibilities have picked up considerably. I will return to my normal level of activity .''

title: User:ClockworkSoul/awayuntil


text:
User talk:Neil Jonsson

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 16:07, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Neil Jonsson


text:
Enets language

Enets is a Samoyedic language of Northern Siberia spoken on the Lower Yenisei within the boundaries of the Taimyr Municipality District, a subdivision of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Federation. Enets belongs to the Northern branch of the Samoyedic languages, in turn a branch of the Uralic language family. In 2010 about 40 people claimed to be native Enets speakers, while in 2020, 69 people claimed to speak Enets natively, while 97 people claimed to know Enets in total.

Dialects
There are two distinct dialects, Forest Enets (Bai) and Tundra Enets (Madu or Somatu), which may be considered separate languages.

Tundra Enets is the smaller of the two Enets dialects. In the winter of 2006/2007, approximately 35 people spoke it (6 in Dudinka, 20 in Potapovo and 10 in Tukhard, the youngest of whom was born in 1962 and the oldest in 1945). Many of these speakers are trilingual, with competence in Forest Enets, Tundra Nenets and Russian, preferring to speak Tundra Nenets.

The two dialects differ both in phonology and in lexicon. Additional variation was found in early Enets records from the 17th to 19th centuries, though all these varieties can be assigned as either Tundra Enets or Forest Enets.

Phonological differences:
 * In some words, Forest Enets corresponds to Tundra Enets  (from Proto-Samoyedic *ms, *ns, *rs and *rkʲ).
 * Forest mese — Tundra meɟe 'wind' (from *merse < *märkʲä);
 * Forest osa — Tundra uɟa 'meat' (from *ʊnsa < *əmså);
 * Forest sira — Tundra silra 'snow';
 * Forest judado — Tundra judaro 'pike';
 * Forest kadaʔa — Tundra karaʔa 'grandmother';
 * In some words, Forest Enets word-initial corresponds to Tundra Enets  (from Proto-Samoyedic *a- > *ä-).
 * Certain vowel + glide sequences of Proto-Samoyedic have different reflexes in Forest Enets and Tundra Enets.
 * Forest Enets word-initial corresponds to Tundra Enets.

Lexical differences:
 * Forest eba — Tundra aburi 'head'
 * Forest baða — Tundra nau 'word'
 * Forest ʃaru — Tundra oma 'tobacco'
 * Forest abbua — Tundra miʔ 'what'

Phoneme Inventory
The following phonemes are combined from all of the different dialects of the Enets languages;

Consonants

 * 1) There is partial or complete vowel reduction in the middle and at the end of a word
 * 2) Consonants preceding i and e become palatalized

Vowels
Vowel length is indicated by a macron, e.g. ē.

Stress
The type of stress in Enets is quantitative. Stressed vowels are pronounced relatively longer than unstressed vowels. Based on the available data, the stress is not (as a rule) used as a feature for distinguishing the meaning. The stress in a word usually falls on the first vowel. The primary stress usually falls on the first syllable and is accompanied by a secondary stress, which falls on the third and the fifth syllable. Sometimes the stress distinguishes the meaning, e.g. in mo·di ('I') vs. modi· ('shoulder'). (The primary stress is marked by ·).

Morphology
The parts of speech in Enets are: nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, interjections and connective particles.

The grammatical number is expressed by means of the opposition of the singular, dual and plural forms. There are three declensions, the main (non-possessive), possessive and desiderative declensions, and seven cases in Enets: the nominative, genitive, accusative, lative, locative, ablative and prolative case. The meaning of those cases is expressed by means of suffixes added to nouns, adjectives, pronouns and substantivized verbs. In their fixed forms they also belong to adverbs and postpositions. The possession is expressed by means of the genitive case or possessive suffixes.

Local orientation is based on the three-member distribution: the suffixes of local cases of nouns, adverbs and postpositions are divided among the lative (to where?), locative (where?) and ablative (from where?). The prolative case (along what? or through what?) expresses an additional fourth local characteristic.

The verbal negation is expressed by the combination of the main verb with a preceding auxiliary negative verb. The auxiliary verb is conjugated according to general rules, but the main verb is in a special inconjugated negative form. There are also some verbs of absence - non-possessiveness. Six moods are contrasted in the Enets language: indicative, conjunctive, imperative, optative, quotative and interrogative. There are three tenses: aorist, preterite and future.

The category of person with nouns is expressed by means of possessive suffixes, differing in all three numbers of all three persons and used in nouns, pronouns, substantivized verbs, adverbs and postpositions. The category of person with verbs is expressed by means of particular personal suffixes of the verb, differing in all three numbers of all three persons.

There are three conjugations in Enets: subjective, objective and reflexive. These conjugations differ from each other by personal suffixes. Additionally, the objective conjugation uses numerical suffixes, referring to all three numbers of the object. In the case of the reflexive conjugation, the person of the subject and object is the same and a separate suffix indicates reflexivity.

Nouns
Depending on the final sounds of the word stem, nouns can be divided into two groups: Either group uses variants of suffixes with a different initial sound (e.g. Loc d'uda-han, tau-kon).
 * 1) nouns with a final sound other than a laryngal plosive stop, e.g. d'uda 'horse'
 * 2) nouns with a final laryngal plosive stop, e.g. tauʔ 'Nganasan'

There are seven cases in Enets: the nominative, genitive, accusative, lative, locative, ablative and prolative case. The case suffixes are combined with numeral markers, often in a fairly complex manner.

The dual case forms are produced on the basis of an uninflected dual form with the suffix -hi̮ʔ/-gi̮ʔ/-ki̮ʔ by adding the respective singular case endings of some postpositions (mainly nə-) in local cases.

Adjectives
There are a number of adjectives that have no specific suffixes, e.g. utik 'bad', sojδa 'good', lodo 'low' and piδe 'high'.

Alongside these, there are various suffixal adjectives, e.g. buse̮-saj ne̮ 'a married woman', bite-δa 'waterless', uδa-šiδa 'handless', mȯga-he 'belonging to the forest', same-raha 'wolf-like', narδe-de̮ 'red', polδe-de̮ 'black'.

The adjective does not agree with its head either in number or case, e.g. agga koja 'big sterlet', agga koja-hone (locative), agga koja-hi̮t (plural ablative). As an exception, we can refer to the use of the adjective instead of an elliptical noun and as a predicate in the nominal conjugation.

To strengthen a possessive connection, sometimes a respective possessive suffix may be added to the head of an attribute, e.g.  keδerʔ koba-δa ŋul'ʔ mujuʔ 'the wild reindeer skin is very strong' ("its-skin of-the-wild-reindeer ...").

The comparative degree is formed by means of an adjective in the positive degree (in the nominative form) with the word to be compared in the ablative form.

Cardinals
1. ŋōʔ

2. siδe

3. nehuʔ

4. teto

5. sobboreggo

6. mottuʔ

7. seʔo

8. sidiʔeto

9. nēsā

10. biwʔ

11. ŋoʔbodade

12. side bodade

13. nehuʔ bodade

14. teto bodade

20. sidiuʔ

21. sidiuʔ ŋōʔ

30. nehibiʔ

40. tetujʔ

50. sobboreggujʔ

60. motujʔ

70. seʔujʔ

80. siδetujʔ

90. nēsauʔ

100. juʔ

Ordinals
1. orδede̮

2. ne̮kujde̮

3. ne̮hode̮

4. tetode̮

5. sobode̮

6. motode̮

7. se̮ʔode̮

8. siδetode̮

9. ne̮satode̮

10. biwde̮

100. d'urde̮

Other numerals
Collective numerals are formed combining a separate word namely a form e̮š of the auxiliary verb 'to be' with cardinal numerals, e.g. siδe e̮š 'we two, the two of us'.

Distributive numerals are postpositional constructions of cardinals, combined with the postposition loδ, e.g. siδeʔ loδ 'by (in) twos'.

Iteratives are the plural forms of cardinals, e.g. ŋobuʔ 'one time, once'.

Fractional numerals are cardinals that are combined with the word boʔ 'a half', e.g. nehuʔ boʔ 'one-third'.

Temporal numerals are formed from cardinals by means of the suffix -ʔ, e.g. orδede̮ʔ 'the first time'.

Personal pronouns
Two-member constructions are used to decline personal pronouns. The second member of these constructions is either an independent word stem si- or a postpositional stem no-. The first member may be absent.

 * {| class="wikitable"

! style="text-align:center" | Case !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
 * style="text-align:center" | Nominative || modi, mod' 'I' || modiniʔ 'we two' || modinaʔ 'we'
 * style="text-align:center" | Genitive || mod' siń || modińʔ siδińʔ || modinaʔ siδnaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Accusative || mod' siʔ || modińʔ siδińʔ || modinaʔ siδnaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Lative || mod' noń || modińʔ nońʔ || modinaʔ nonaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Locative || mod' none̮ń || modińʔ none̮ńʔ || modinaʔ nonnaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Ablative || mod' noδoń || modińʔ noδońʔ || modinaʔ noδnaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || mod' noone̮ń || modińʔ noone̮ńʔ || modinaʔ noone̮naʔ
 * }
 * style="text-align:center" | Locative || mod' none̮ń || modińʔ none̮ńʔ || modinaʔ nonnaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Ablative || mod' noδoń || modińʔ noδońʔ || modinaʔ noδnaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || mod' noone̮ń || modińʔ noone̮ńʔ || modinaʔ noone̮naʔ
 * }
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || mod' noone̮ń || modińʔ noone̮ńʔ || modinaʔ noone̮naʔ
 * }
 * }

 * {| class="wikitable"

! style="text-align:center" | Case !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
 * style="text-align:center" | Nominative || ū 'you' || ūdiʔ 'you two' || ūdaʔ 'you'
 * style="text-align:center" | Genitive || ū sit || ūdiʔ siδtiʔ || ūdaʔ siδtaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Accusative || ū sit || ūdiʔ siδδiʔ || ūdaʔ siδδaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Lative || ū nod || ūdiʔ nodiʔ || ūdaʔ nodaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Locative || ū none̮d || ūdiʔ nondiʔ || ūdaʔ nondaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Ablative || ū noδod || ūdiʔ noδdiʔ || ūdaʔ noδdaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || ū noone̮d || ūdiʔ noone̮diʔ || ūdaʔ noone̮daʔ
 * }
 * style="text-align:center" | Locative || ū none̮d || ūdiʔ nondiʔ || ūdaʔ nondaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Ablative || ū noδod || ūdiʔ noδdiʔ || ūdaʔ noδdaʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || ū noone̮d || ūdiʔ noone̮diʔ || ūdaʔ noone̮daʔ
 * }
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || ū noone̮d || ūdiʔ noone̮diʔ || ūdaʔ noone̮daʔ
 * }
 * }

 * {| class="wikitable"

! style="text-align:center" | Case !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
 * style="text-align:center" | Nominative || bu 'he/she' || budiʔ 'they two' || buduʔ 'they'
 * style="text-align:center" | Genitive || bu sita || budiʔ sitiʔ || buduʔ siδtuʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Accusative || bu sita || budiʔ siδδiʔ || buduʔ siδδuʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Lative || bu noda || budiʔ nodiʔ || buduʔ noduʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Locative || bu nonda || budiʔ nondiʔ || buduʔ nonduʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Ablative || bu noδda || budiʔ noδdiʔ || buduʔ noδduʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || bu noone̮da || budiʔ noone̮diʔ || buduʔ noone̮duʔ
 * }
 * style="text-align:center" | Locative || bu nonda || budiʔ nondiʔ || buduʔ nonduʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Ablative || bu noδda || budiʔ noδdiʔ || buduʔ noδduʔ
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || bu noone̮da || budiʔ noone̮diʔ || buduʔ noone̮duʔ
 * }
 * style="text-align:center" | Prolative || bu noone̮da || budiʔ noone̮diʔ || buduʔ noone̮duʔ
 * }
 * }

Other pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are pairs of words whose first component consists of personal pronouns, the second is a separate word stem ker-, combined with their respective possessive suffixes, e.g. mod' keriń 'I myself', ū kerit 'you yourself', bu kerta 'she herself/he himself' or modiń keriń 'we two ourselves'.

Interrogative pronouns are kurse̮ 'which?', sēa 'who?' (used only for humans) and obu 'what?' (used for animals and lifeless objects).

Negative pronouns are formed from interrogative pronouns by adding the suffix -hȯru, e.g. obuhȯru.

Verbs
The verbs in Enets can be distributed into two groups in principally the same manner as the noun depending on the final sounds of the word stem. Either group uses the variants of suffixes with different initial sounds.

Seven moods are contrasted: indicative, conjunctive, imperative, optative, quotative and interrogative. There are three tenses: aorist, preterite and future. (These tenses exist practically only in the indicative mood.) The verb has three conjugations: subjective, objective and reflexive. These conjugations differ from each other by personal suffixes. In addition to this the objective conjugation uses numerical suffixes, referring to all three numbers of the object. In the case of reflexive conjugation a separate suffix indicates reflexivity.

Finite forms
The aorist is either unmarked or with the marker -ŋV-/-V-. The temporal meaning of the aorist depends on the aspect of the verb. A prolonged or recurrent action should be understood as taking place in the present, a short-time or single action as having taken place in the past, whereas the influence of the latter is still felt in the present. A distinctly past action is expressed by the preterite with the marker -ś/-š/-d'/-t'/-č, whereas the marker is placed after personal suffixes. The future action is expressed by the future marker -d-/-dV-/-t-/-tV- before personal suffixes.

The objective conjugation uses one type of personal suffixes when the object is in the singular and another type of them with the object in the dual or the plural. In the case of the dual object the dual marker -hu-/-gu-/-ku- precedes the dual personal suffixes of the second type, whereas in the case of the plural object, the rise of the stem vowel can be observed. The marker of the reflexive mood is -i-, which is standing before personal suffixes.

Syntax
The syntax of Enets is typical for the family and the area. The Enets language follows Subject-object-verb, head marking in the noun phrase, both head and dependent marking within the clause, non-finite verbal forms used for clause combining. Consequently, the finite verb form (the predicate) is always at the end of a sentence. The negative auxiliary verb immediately precedes the main verb. The object of a sentence always keeps to the word it belongs to.

Grammar
Enets nouns vary for number, case, and person-number of the possessor. There is also an intriguing nominal case in which ‘destinativity’ determines the entity is destined for someone. Possessor markers are also used for discourse related purposes, where they are completely devoid of the literal possessive meaning. Enets postpositions are marked for person-number; many postpositions are formed from a small set of relational nouns and case morphology.

Orthography
Enets is written using the Cyrillic alphabet, though it includes the letters ԑ, ӈ, and ҫ which are not used in the Russian alphabet.

The written form of the Enets language was created during the 1980s and has been used to produce a number of books. During the 1990s there was a local newspaper with insert in local languages (including Enets language), Советский Таймыр (Soviet Taimyr, modern simple Taymyr) published and brief Enets broadcasts on local radio, which shut down in 2003, served as supplements for speakers.

In 2019, the Enets alphabet was reformed, and in April 2020, the Enets primer was published in a new version of the alphabet. The alphabet contains the following letters:

title: Enets language


text:
Talk:Bob Fosse

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Andikaylynn.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:01, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Isn't it pronounced "fossy"? There should be a word to this effect. Flapdragon 01:00, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

In Norwegian (e.g. the author Jon Fosse), it's more like "foss-eh" (stressing the first part). Of course, it's unlikely that B.F. or anyone else in the US pronounced it that way. I cannot say for sure, but "fossy" sounds likely. JöG 07:08, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Yes, it's "fossy." 75.48.16.182 (talk) 19:05, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

It is a relevant how the name “Fosse” would be pronounced in other parts of the world. Bob Fosse pronounced his name as if it were “FOSSY”. Other dialects and pronunciations do not apply when it pertains to the way someone chooses to have his or her name pronounced. MarydaleEd (talk) 17:42, 23 April 2019 (UTC)

Filmography
Is it true that he was the choreographer for White Christmas, the movie? If this is true I think its worth mentioning.Allthewhile 03:05, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Allthewhile -- IMdB lists him as choreographer for that, though uncredited. Aliza250 19:34, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Bad edit?
This sentence makes no sense: "In 2001, Fosse was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer with Ann Reinking for Fosse at the Prince of Wales Theatre." Did a previous edit remove some words?

Content plagiarized?
2378437843778yurewyty8 fuck I spent some time fixing typos and links and removing malicious edits in this article, only to discover that the text matches verbatim the Fosse bio at Ask.com (http://www.answers.com/topic/bob-fosse). I don't know which page is the original and which was plagiarized. 66.26.79.152 15:11, 5 April 2007 (UTC)simonlefranc@hotmail.com

Since the answers.com site says it uses information from Wikipedia, I'm pretty sure answers.com took it from here and not the other way around. (For what it's worth, I've seen a lot of answers.com articles which are verbatim reproductions of Wikipedia articles. I think it's standard procedure for them to copy Wikipedia.) Clockster 11:46, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Another bad edit?
Paragraph 2 under "Marriages" starts with "She", but it's not clear who the pronoun refers to, as several women were named in the previous sentence. LynnD71 (talk) 15:01, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure the paragraph refers to Lainie Sakakura. The clues: the "Lainie" from the text; the work on "Fosse"; here is her IBDB entry: . In any event, she was not married to Bob Fosse, does not belong in that section. Further, she may have had some involvement in his work products, and, if notable/interesting (etc), that work belongs in those specific articles, not in this bio/article. Or, if anyone thinks that she is notable, she could have her own article (I am not necessarily suggesting such, just pointing out the options). JeanColumbia (talk) 21:03, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Dancin'playbill.jpg
The image Image:Dancin'playbill.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --19:48, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Neutral voice
While I can appreciate the sheer volume of material added by 208.59.133.221, these additions are largely unsourced and could use a bit more professionalism and a bit less breathless theater geek.--RosicrucianTalk 23:27, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

==

Go to YouTube and watch Snake in the Grass (Little Prince) - Michael Jackson stole all the moves. At least a few words about this should be in the article on Bob Fosse. --KpoT (talk) 16:37, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

Changing the Way Dance is Filmed?
When he became a director, Fosse changed the way dance sequences were shot. In the past, they had been shot either from an aerial, over-head view, or from straight-on. Fosse used jump cuts and perspective shots that gave a unique look at the sheer technique these dancers were displaying. This all started with the 1969 film-version of Sweet Charity that he directed and choreographed Hanmcea (talk) 19:25, 16 October 2017 (UTC)

MTV as a Citation?
The 10th citation, as of Nov 2014, is a link to some MTV website that just serves a copy of this wikipedia article. This kind of recursive reference should be disqualified as a valid source of information.

External links modified
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Proposed Revisions
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

In looking through the article I noticed a few issues that I wanted to address.

 * I think the career section should be separated from the early life section. If I can find more information about Fosse's early life, I will do this. If anyone else is able to help expand this part, please feel free to help.
 * In the current Early Life and Career section, the third paragraph is worded to be more focused on Verdon than Fosse. I want to reword these sentences so the focus remains on Fosse.
 * The second paragraph of the All That Jazz subheading under Later Career, seems to be focused more on his legacy and how others kept his style alive after his death. I think the content would fit better in the legacy section.
 * In the innovation section, the information is not in chronological order. This confused me when I first read it. I think just moving the information from the second paragraph to the start of the section would help, because it was the earliest thing that happened.

I also have some questions about some of the information.
 * There seems to be a lot of mention of awards throughout the article. Sometimes they are talked about to such an extent that it did not fit with the information around it. I know there is a table for the awards Fosse's work received, but should we also include another section explaining all of his awards?
 * Because the Work section is split into stage and film, would splitting the Fosse's career into subheadings for stage and film help keep the article consistent?
 * There two paragraphs dedicated to work that Fosse turned down. If Fosse did not work on these projects, is it necessary to include them? What purpose does this serve?

I'll get started on these edits in the next few days. If anyone has feedback I'd love to hear it. Thanks Andikaylynn (talk) 19:33, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

 * I will be working in my sandbox on the changes before making the individual changes here. Andikaylynn (talk) 20:26, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

Relevant Information?
The final sentence of the second to last paragraph in the Career section does not seem relate to Fosse. It reads, "The script was eventually adapted to the screen, and the film, directed by Martin Scorsese starred Robert De Niro and Jerry Lewis." Because the information that Fosse passed on the project had already been stated, I do not see how this information is relevant to this article. Could it be removed to keep the article on the right subject? Andikaylynn (talk) 06:00, 21 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree. I will remove it. LoopZilla (talk) 10:09, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

Please forgive my oversight (and other important notes)
I just realized I made wholesale edits while logged out of Wikipedia. I apologize for that oversight and happily claim the edits made today from my IP address.

Also, it concerns me that much of the Fosse article is clearly copied and pasted from another source. It does not take an experienced editor like me to spot language that is typical from certain sources. While I realize that probably happens a lot in Wikipedia, it cannot be condoned unless the information is placed within quotation marks and is properly sourced. Otherwise, it is plagiarism. Perhaps the casual writer does not understand that copying and pasting another person’s writing is plagiarism if it is done in the interest of providing information, like, for example, in an enyclopedia. However, plagiarism rules still apply and the person who took the time to author that information probably does not appreciate his or her work being taken without proper citation. I know I wouldn’t. MarydaleEd (talk) 17:53, 23 April 2019 (UTC)

Fosse/Verdon TV series
Wouldn't it be appropriate to add a link to the current TV series "Fosse/Verdon"? It even has a separate Wiki entry. Fosse/Verdon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by KaldeFakta68 (talk • contribs) 12:12, 12 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I’m not sure I understand your proposition of linking this article to a television show. However, if you think new language needs to be added then you should add it, taking care to keep it within Wikipedia standards. God bless and happy editing. MarydaleEd (talk) 15:51, 12 December 2019 (UTC)

Bob Fosse choreographed the movie My Sister Eileen
Hello. I don’t know how to do edits on Wikipedia so I would appreciate if someone could make this change. Bob Fosse did in fact do the choreography for the film My Sister Eileen 1955, as is noted on the Wikipedia page  about that film, and any number of articles about that movie.

So there should be a YES in that box for choreography for that film.

Thanks. 69.110.5.11 (talk) 08:57, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

Drastic Changes Needed + Conflict of Interest (suggested areas of discussion and edits).
Dear Wikipedia Community,

I would love to open a discussion on many aspects of this Bob Fosse profile that need serious attention. I want to preface this note by saying that I have a conflict of interest due to my proximity to the Fosse family, but I would like to set the record straight on aspects of this article that are rooted in fiction, unsourced, or taken from Sam Wasson - who is highly debated as a credible source and has information that is not accurate or skewed. I realize the conflict of interest, hence the new talk page section. I would love to gain everyone's perspectives on how we can genuinely make this article more transparent and comprehensive and ultimately move it up from C-class. I have many edits that I would love to suggest, but I would like to open a discussion first. My end goal is to improve this overall article and improve my skills on Wikipedia. I am currently in a Wikipedia Educational Course through my institution and hope to grow as an editor on this platform. So, I would be thrilled to collaborate and speak openly about the edits I have proposed below and I welcome all criticism so I can improve as an academic and editor (I am aware that I can not make these edits myself and am suggesting them to the community).

Suggested Edits and Point of Discussion:

1."...was an American actor, choreographer, dancer, director and screenwriter. He directed and choreographed musical works on stage and screen, including the stage musicals The Pajama Game (1954), Damn Yankees (1955), How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1961)..."

- ''Source needed. Source found:''

2. "He was drawn to dance and took lessons. "

- Weak first sentence, needs structural tweak

3. "Many of these performances included shows at burlesque clubs, such as the Silver Cloud and Cave of Winds."

- missing source

4. "However, many of the women and promoters did not care that Fosse was underage working in adult clubs, and would be exposed to sexual harassment from the burlesque women and much of the erotic movement he would later use to inform his future work."

- missing source

5. "Fosse began work on a film about gossip columnist Walter Winchell that would have starred Robert De Niro as Winchell. The Winchell script was written by Michael Herr. Fosse died before starting the Winchell project."

- Missing source

6. "Much of Fosse's time outside of the rehearsal studio or theater was seldom spent alone. As stated in the biography of his life, Fosse by Sam Wasson, "nights alone were murder on Fosse". To alleviate loneliness and insomnia brought on by his prescribed amphetamines, Fosse would often contact dancers he would work with and try to date them, making it hard for many to refuse his advances, but also giving him the affirmation of success he sought after."

- ''The whole excerpt is sourced from Sam Wasson's book and gives me pause. Yes, he was a user of amphetamines, but the way the sentence above is crafted suggests a blanket statement that amphetamines lead to loneliness and insomnia. The focus is not on the truth of the statement, rather the organization and its subsequent suggestion of loneliness and insomnia as side effects of amphetamines. Furthermore, as previously stated, Sam Wasson's words do not fully encompass the truth, and if I was editing this segment, I would follow these claims by building out the context behind them.''

7. "During their joint career, Fosse would continually take blame from critics while Gwen Verdon would get praise, no matter how much influence Verdon had on a production."

- ''Sentence needs adjusting. I suggest something like: "During Fosse and Verdon's working relationship, Fosse would consistently be the root of criticism from entertainment industry critics. Verdon would regularly receive praise for their joint productions, but was never comprehensively recognized for pivotal work in shaping the productions."''

8. The whole "Work" section needs to be updated with appropriate sources

9. "Reinking and Verdon kept Fosse's unique choreography alive after his death"

- ''Needs additions. Reinking and many others contributed to the continuation of Fosse's choreography. Most notably, Fosse's daughter Nicole Fosse, Founder and Creative Director of the VerdonFosse Legacy LLC. has made it her mission to preserve and protect the intellectual and creative property of her parents. ''

I look forward to an open discussion and hearing the communities insight! Sustainabilitypurpose (talk) 18:06, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Missing source: There is often a problem when we are talking of a time when there were fewer mentionings in publications, or the publications were lost over the decades, or an event was simply not accepted by a publication editor. Digital archives are not that old but the fact something has not been digitized, does not mean it has not happened or is untrue. 2001:8003:A070:7F00:2867:B354:37AE:93BC (talk) 04:16, 9 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bob Fosse


text:
User:Charles Matthews/Minogue

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François Babeuf - Francis Bacon - Mikhail Bakunin - Isaac D. Balbus - Ernest Barker - Brian Barry - Norman Barry - Jacques Barzun - Peter Thomas Bauer - Pierre Bayle - Daniel Bell - Jeremy Bentham - Isaiah Berlin - Michael D. Biddiss - James H. Billington - Otto von Bismarck - Louis Blan - Mark Blaug - J. Bloch - Bernard Bosanquet - Thomas Burton Bottomore - F. H. Bradley - Mike Brake - Ben Brewster - Leonid Brezhnev - Susan Brownmiller - Jacob Burkhardt - Edmund Burke - John P. Burke - James Burnham - Eamonn Butler - Peter Calvert - Keith Campbell - Robert Nigel Carew Hunt - Thomas Carlyle - Jimmy Carter - Carlos Castaneda - Fidel Castro - Joseph Chamberlain - John Charvet - Lord Chesterfield - Cicero - Alasdaire Clayre - Eldridge Cleaver - Cleon - Charles Norris Cochrane - G. C. Cohen - J. B. Colbert - R. G. Collingwood - Auguste Comte - Etienne Bonnot de Condillac - Antoine Condorcet - William Connelly - Paul Connerton - Jean Copans - Copernicus - F. M. Cornford - Maurice Cranston - Laurence Crocker - Oliver Cromwell - Charles Darwin - Antoine Destutt de Tracy - Diodotus - Bob Dixon - Patrick Dunleavy - Charles Hunter van Duzer - Andrea Dworkin - Max Eastman - Roy Edgely - Jon Elster - Friedrich Engels - Epictetus - E. M. Ettore - J. K. Fairbank - Camille Falconet - Adam Ferguson - Lewis Feuer - Ludwig Feuerbach - J. N. Findlay - Ben Fine - Max Harold Fisch - Milton Fisk - Rachel Flick - Michel Foucault - Frederick the Great - Sigmund Freud - Betty Friedan - J. K. Galbraith - Galileo - W. B. Gallie - Peter Gay - Eike Gebhardt - Ernest Gellner - Bernard Gert - Jean Genet - Arthur Comte Gobineau - Goethe - Oliver Goldsmith - Grace Goodell - T. H. Green - Germaine Greer - Ajames Gregor - J. A. G. Griffith - Jean Grimshaw - Shirley Gruner - Gurdjieff

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title: User:Charles Matthews/Minogue


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Public Ivy League

Public Ivy League was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Public Ivy League
Reason I recommended this article for VfD: This article is utter nonsense. There is no Public Ivy League, unofficially or officially, and as such was not created in response to the Ivy League (an intercollegiate athletic conference established in the 1950s). The nickname of a "public ivy" started to add a certain sense of prestige to old schools that ended up under state control, but there are too many schools today that could adequately consider themselves "public ivies" even though the term has never really gotten legs of its own outside of an institution's marketing goals.

4.239.225.211 has placed this nonsense on the College of William and Mary, and Rutgers University articles and trying to presumptiously add these two institution's seals to the Ivy League page, despite neither of them being a member. However, the seed of this problem started with 4.239.225.211's redundant edit on the Colonial Colleges page, the user's first edit. These disruptive edits have been reverted by myself and others, over the last few days.

This article is vain misinformation with no potential to become a fruitful encyclopedic article. Furthermore, the material is covered several times on other pages (including the abovementioned) in a more appropriate and less vain manner. If at best, it could only be a dictionary definition. However, improvement upon this article will continue misrepresentation that such an entity exists beyond its reality as a nickname used every once in a while for marketing purposes. —ExplorerCDT 16:13, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Votes to Delete:
 * Delete, for reasons stated above. —ExplorerCDT 16:13, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * What?! Delete it a lot.  Look, the (dumb) term "public ivy league" has been used informally (informally) by a lot of people, and it sure as h*ll isn't a term that originated with Rutgers and, of all places (!) William and Mary (which is private, not public).  It's usually used to refer to the state universities that rival the Ivy (football) League in academic quality, and it therefore has schools like Wisconsin-Madison, UVA, UNC-Chapel Hill, UT-Austin, and, of course, Berkeley, Georgia Tech, and CalTech.  Blug.  The article misinforms and is preposterous.  Geogre 18:10, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: to Geogre—William and Mary became a public institution in the 1920s, Virginia took it under its wing when the College almost went broke. Thanks for your vote. —ExplorerCDT 22:24, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It did? Wow.  I had no idea it had gone public.  Still charges those private school tuitions, though.  Geogre 22:51, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inaccurate. The term Public Ivies is real, if loosely defined. (2580 Google hits on exact phrase). (Geogre, how could you omit the University of Colorado? Go Buffs!) It's just a complimentary term for the best of the public state universities in the U. S. There is no "Public Ivy League." That phrase is sometimes used, much less frequently (Google says 102 hits, or 4% as often), to mean the same thing as "Public Ivies." It actually does appear that Rutgers is trying to define "Public Ivy" to refer specifically to two schools (Rutgers and the College of William and Mary). To do this, they apparently define "ivy" to mean "one of the nine colonial colleges" rather than "member of the Ivy League," which is incredibly stupid and annoying.. But you'll notice that they do not use the term Public Ivy League. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 21:38, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: But if you notice, dpbsmith, the use of the term "Public Ivy" is only on the Rutgers marketing...um...admissions page. It's the "New and Improved" tag for certain colleges. Thanks for your vote. —ExplorerCDT 22:24, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, codswallop Wyss 23:15, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. "Ivy" is not "Ivy League". The Smith, Wellesley, Holyoke and the Little Three are generally considered "Ivy", as Bowdoin, but that doesn't make them "Ivy League", either. -- Jmabel | Talk 00:14, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Votes to Keep:
 * Rutgers wants to do this? Now I have a reason to dislike Rutgers.  (Colonial, huh?  Hmm.  That would make for some very strange company in their league.)  Geogre 22:51, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Abstain:

Comments:

 * For what it's worth, the phrase "public Ivy" probably originated in, (or at least became widely known from) a 1985 book by Richard Moll entitled "The Public Ivys [sic]: A Guide to America's Best Public Undergraduate Colleges and Universities." ISBN 0670582050. I Googled some stuff about UVM in which folks view with alarm its supposed decline from "public Ivy" status and referencing that book, as well as many other references to it. Unfortunately, or fortunately?, Moll has apparently never produced an updated edition. Once an Ivy, always an Ivy? Presumably his book, and the universities described there in, is the definitive authority on what constitutes a "public Ivy."
 * Wait, there's more. http://www.fsu.edu/~future/allen.html references the book and says that Moll identified eight "public Ivys" and nine "Up and coming." According to her, the eight actual public Ivys are:
 * University of California System, featuring UC Berkeley
 * Miami University of Ohio
 * University of Michigan
 * UNC
 * University of Texas
 * University of Vermont
 * University of Virginia
 * College of William and Mary
 * So, guess what: apparently, Rutgers is not a "public Ivy". [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:24, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Where'd the "Nyaahh, nyaahh! Pflbflbflbflbpftttt!" go? I actually liked that touch.  BTW-FYI, in looking through the archives of at the Alexander Library in New Brunswick, I found that Rutgers started using the phrase "public ivy" back in the early 1960s, shortly after it officially became the state university of New Jersey in 1956.  However, several references in the 19th Century, including Mark Twain's Connecticut Yankee... referred to the "over-ivy'd schools" (in reference to Yale and Harvard) and in others as "the Ivies" and "Ivy Schools."  I am still seeing how early the phrase "Public Ivy" came into being, but I would assume it would be after the Ivy League athletic conference started materializing in the late 40s, early 50s. —ExplorerCDT 05:05, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I would just like to second Dpbsmith's comment, that Public Ivy League is an officially used term by several of the colleges below, I don't know much about what every college does, but I did visit Miami of Ohio when I was looking at colleges and can confirm that their representatives do call themselves a "Public Ivy" during recruitment and such, and list themselves along with the other involved universities, the term does have merit, but the article as written is completely wrong.Lyuokdea 05:16, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, in theory someone with time on their hands could construct an NPOV list of "colleges self-described (by their admissions departments or other official spokesmen) as 'public Ivies.'" [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 13:52, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Don't give them any ideas...remember what happened when someone said a certain page on VfD would be like having a list of movies with characters named Bob...and then it magically appeared (and was subsequently VfDed). —ExplorerCDT 16:51, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: Category:Law enforcement in Austria

title: Category:Law enforcement in Austria


text:
List of infections of the central nervous system

Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) consist of infections primarily of the brain and spinal cord. They include mostly viral infections, less commonly bacterial infections, fungal infections, prion diseases and protozoan infections. Neonatal meningitis is a particular classification by age.

By anatomical site

 * Brain abscess, Epidural abscess, including spinal epidural and cranial epidural
 * Encephalitis
 * Meningitis

By cause
There are five main causes of CNS infections, namely bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoal, protozoan infections and prionic infections.

Viral

 * Most forms of aseptic meningitis are viral in origin, though neoplastic and Lyme disease meningitis are also aseptic.
 * California encephalitis virus
 * Central nervous system viral disease
 * Cytomegalovirus encephalitis
 * SARS-CoV-2
 * Eastern equine encephalitis
 * Enterovirus encephalitis
 * Epstein Barr Virus encephalitis
 * Herpes simplex encephalitis
 * Influenza encephalitis
 * Japanese encephalitis
 * La Crosse encephalitis
 * Lymphocytic choriomeningitis by Arenavirus
 * Measles encephalitis
 * Mumps
 * Nipah virus encephalitis
 * Poliomyelitis
 * Progressive rubella panencephalitis, a late complication of congenital rubella syndrome
 * St. Louis encephalitis
 * Slow virus infections, which include:
 * Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
 * Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis by Measles virus
 * Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
 * Rabies
 * Tick-borne encephalitis
 * Varicella
 * Viral encephalitis lists 37 causes
 * Viral meningitis
 * Western equine encephalitis

Prionic
These are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies like:
 * Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle
 * Chronic wasting disease in deer
 * Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and its variant
 * Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
 * Kuru
 * Scrapie in sheep and goat
 * Transmissible mink encephalopathy
 * Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy

Fungal

 * Cryptococcal meningitis

Protozoan

 * Amoebic brain abscess
 * Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
 * Malaria
 * Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
 * Toxoplasmosis

Post-infectious diseases of the central nervous system
These are not infections but post-infectious CNS diseases:
 * Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
 * Guillain–Barré syndrome
 * PANDAS (controversial hypothesis)
 * Sydenham's chorea


text:
Talk:Electrolytic capacitor

Are tantalum electrolytic?
I might be wrong, but i believe tantalum caps are polarized, but not electrolytic. The original sulphuric acid filled tantalums would have been, however i understand from my 10 second search that the normal, current ones might not qualify. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.214.192.24 (talk) 08:48, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

Polarity in circuit
So in what direction should i put a electrolytic capacitor in my electric circuit? minus on plus? or minus on ground? thanks, --Abdull 16:15, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The negative terminal goes to the more negative terminal. :-)  So if your power supply is +V and Ground, the negative terminal of the cap goes to ground.  If your power supply were Ground and -V, then the negative terminal of the cap would go to -V. - Omegatron 02:52, Mar 21, 2005 (UTC)

 * http://www.piclist.com/images/www/hobby_elec/e_capa.htm - Please use this as citation for 'bursting' capacitors. --220.253.205.91 (talk) 07:56, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Safety/tantalums
I don't think much of the extended discussion of safety precautions for handling electrolyte leaks. I think that's of questionable relevance and value. I'm also dubious about some of the factual information in that passage - I already removed one howler (about tantalum capacitors being military-only) which looks like the information may be about 20 years out of date, and I suspect other nearby statements may be incorrect also. I think at some point in the future I'll probably delete that stuff, or move it to some other page. Not sure where yet, which is why I haven't done so already.129.97.79.144 21:05, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I think we should keep that kind of information, but if it is out of date it should be updated. - Omegatron 23:00, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Breakdown voltage and capacitance
I don't think that high break down voltage implies high capacitance as this entry suggests. -RG Atlanta

 * Where does it say that? - Omegatron 02:17, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * "the thinness of this layer, along with its ability to withstand an electric field strength of the order of 109 volts per metre, is what produces the high capacitance." - it's only the thinness that makes high capacitance, not the ability to withstand high field strength -RG Atlanta

Polarity
This Page seriously needs an explanation of correctly connecting axial polarized capacitors. I have to look that up every time I work with Caps. I don't feel qualified to write it up or I would add it myself!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.203.110.1 (talk) 17:00, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

I remember reading somewhere that electrolytic capacitors only acquire a polarity after they have been used. The testing after manufacturing supposedly gave the polarity for most capacitors. Is this true? There are "non-polar" capacitors with cases and capacitances that are similar to normal electrolytic capacitors for sale here: http://www.allelectronics.com/cgi-bin/category/140900/Non-Polar.html --Pyrochem 03:47, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * You may find this enlightening: http://yarchive.net/electr/electrolytic_caps.html Quote: Non-polar electrolytics are two conventional electrolytic capacitors in series with the cathodes connected together. In actual construction, they are composed of two pre-anodized aluminum foils wound together. --QEDquid 16:24, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure the polarity for the -)|- symbol is wrong. I think the flat side should be positive. 68.40.101.59 01:05, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Degradation due to age
I think this page should include a note that, compared with other types of capacitors, electrolytic capacitors break down with age. There's sort of a statement to this effect, that a positive voltage must be maintained or the electrolytic will break down. But old electrolytics are the overwhelming cause of hum in old AV equipment, so a statement along these lines might be helpful to someone.

Rock it out. max
 * Yes, this is very true. The Polarity section of the article makes reference to the increased life of the capacitor when forward biased. I added additional information to the variants section, under the Aluminum, about electrolyte drying out / failing in the absence of a sufficient rejuvenating voltage. With regards to older AV equipment my experiences have been more to do with poor quality in the capacitor construction and excessive temperatures in use and storage. Treat old capacitors with respect, replace them with modern counterparts where ever possible. ADevNull 05:36, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Inventer of electrolytic capacitor
"..electrolytic capacitor was invented in 1921 by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld ..." can this be true? There are numerous earlyer patents from Charles Pollak:
 * Charles Pollak: Improvements in or connected with Electrical Condensers. In Patent number: GB189601069 (1896)
 * Charles Pollak: Improvements in Electrolytical Condensers and Electric Current-directing Devices. In Patent number: GB189800933(1898)
 * Charles Pollak: Improvements in or connected with Electrolytical Condensers and Electric Current Directing Devices. In Patent number: GB189818956 (1898)

--141.30.240.194 09:46, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Charles Pollak, German Patent 92564, 14. Jan. 1986, Flüssigkeits-Kondensator mit Aluminium-Elektroden

--Elcap (talk) 17:31, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Tantalum capacitor edit
I just edited this out of the page (it was an extra copy at the end of the list of types), maybe someone can check and edit:

Tantalum: compact, low-voltage devices up to about 100 2000µF, these have a lower energy density and are more accurate than aluminum electrolytics. Compared to aluminum electrolytics, tantalum capacitors have very stable capacitance and little DC leakage, and very low impedance at low frequencies. However, unlike aluminum electrolytics, they are intolerant of voltage spikes and are destroyed (often exploding violently) if connected backwards or exposed to spikes above their voltage rating. Tantalum capacitors are also polarized because of their dissimilar electrodes. The cathode anode electrode is formed of sintered tantalum grains, with the dielectric electrochemically formed as a thin layer of oxide. The thin layer of oxide and high surface area of the porous sintered material gives this type a very high capacitance per unit volume. The anode cathode electrode is formed of a chemically deposited semi-conductive layer of manganese dioxide, which is then connected to an external wire lead. A development of this type replaces the manganese dioxide with a conductive plastic polymer (polypyrrole) that reduces internal resistance and eliminates a self-ignition failure[1

Yes, 2200uF tantalums and even larger ones exist (check digikey). But the general use of tantalums dont't go beyond several hundred uF.

81.215.13.145 07:52, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Possible erroneous statement at the end of this article?
"However, unlike batteries, capacitor voltage is directly proportional to the total energy remaining" - the voltage is proportional to the square root of the remaing energy, isn't it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.79.33.10 (talk) 23:55, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Energy = 0.5 x capacitance-in-Farads x voltage-squared -69.87.199.150 13:10, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

I think it's using a more general sense, indicating that raising one will raise the other. Might be directly proportional, but not linearly proportional, if I get the idea right. KronesR (talk) 23:41, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

Polarity marking
"The correct polarity is indicated on the packaging by a stripe with minus signs and possibly arrowheads, denoting the adjacent terminal that should be more negative than the other."

This article is generally pretty well done, but this statement about polarity marking is greatly over-simplified, with no acknowledgement of a century of history and different capacitor packages. It is too bad the article does not have a picture of a typical unpainted metal can electrolytic capacitor from decades ago. I think polarity was usually marked with a dot of red paint. Did this mark positive? And current small drop caps are also polarity marked with a dot of color. But does this mark positive or negative?-69.87.199.150 13:10, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

--- I agree. See above about dire need for instructions on correct reading of polarity and why its important when using polar caps. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.203.110.1 (talk) 17:10, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

Polarity marking (more)
The article still does not show common schematic representations of polarised capacitors and how that relates to the markings on the capacitor itself. When assembling a PCB which side of this symbol is positive : --| ||-- etc. There are several schematic representations to explain.

the cylindrical aluminium casing fell off
does this interfere with the functoning of the capacitor or the capacitor should be replaced? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.16.40.22 (talk) 14:06, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), also known as supercapacitors or ultracapacitors
Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), also known as supercapacitors or ultracapacitors are NOT electrolytic capacitors. They have to be cancelled here. Please compare with the german article. --Elcap (talk) 08:54, 20 December 2007 (UTC)

NP caps error
"Essentially, a 10 microfarad AC capacitor behaves like two 20 microfarad DC capacitors in inverse series."

If one cap shorts during each half cycle, then to obtain a result of 10uF one would need to connect 2x 10uF back to back, not 20uF. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.4.152.167 (talk) 14:10, 6 October 2008 (UTC)
 * No, I think the article is correct as they are connected such that both are partially charged during the whole AC cycle. Han-Kwang (t) 14:13, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

What exactly does that mean? Why dont you descrbe what you mean step by step. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.4.152.167 (talk) 14:16, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd rather ask: what do you mean when you say that one cap "shorts during each half-cycle". By the way, you can add ~ to sign your posts. Han-Kwang (t) 06:11, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

OK then... when wrong polarity is applied, the insulating layer begins to conduct. Hence for each half cycle we have one working capacitor in series with a low impedance. Hence 2x 10uF 'lytics in series gives 10uF, not 5.

I can indeed sign my posts with tildas, but I don't think it would be very useful given that I'm not logged in. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.4.152.167 (talk) 16:12, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Service life
IRL there are a vast number of capacitors in successful service at over 15 yrs old. 15 year life expectancy is not a real world figure. Caps can die with age, but in reality the great majority don't. Some are even still in service from the 1930s. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.4.152.167 (talk • contribs)
 * Apparently this number is an example. The given reference explains that capacitors are rated for a specific service life. If you can find a reference (data sheets, manufacturer catalog) with a service life, you can replace the number by a typical range of service lifes. Han-Kwang (t) 06:24, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

I think that would be missing the point. The point is that despite these oft quoted short ratings, a sizeable percentage of lytics from half a century ago and longer are still working fine. Otherwise readers are liable to imagine that after 15 or 20 years most lytics are dead - and this is far from the case.

Capacitance Change with misuse
I have heard and read that Electros will change their capacitance if used on a much lower voltage circuit them they were designed for. I.E; a 100 mF 400V unit will lose capacity on a 16 Volt circuit due to less electrolytic action. To restore such a cap, or, any old one that you have a doubt about; simply connect it to a current-limited (a few mA) voltage source of about 70% of its rated voltage overnight. It will work in a "pinch" or if it is a vintage or very expensive cap you don't wish to,or can't, simply replace (ARRL Handbook)Tintinteslacoil (talk) 13:43, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

self-contradiction
The section discussing tantalum capacitors seems to contradict itself:

Is it really true that tantalums simultaneously "have a lower energy density ... than aluminum electrolytics" and yet have "higher capacitance per unit volume" ? Is that "higher capacitance per unit volume" than aluminum electrolytic, or is that compared to the other kinds of capacitors in cell phones?

Rather than vaguely saying one is "higher" than another thing, would it be OK to print a typical value for each one? --68.0.124.33 (talk) 22:02, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

?
this sounds like a cross between a battery and capacitor its sounds weird that a capacitor would use a electrolyte where would you distinguish the difference between a battery and capacitor because this is made the same way as a battery?urName (talk) 08:05, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

OS-CON
Two things about it, more wording/formatting issues.

"These capacitors are stable in use between -55°C to practically 125°C in theory." "practically" and "in theory" don't go too well in the same sentence. Does it mean "close to 125 in theory" or that it could actually go as high?

The whole topic about OS-CON should go right after the Tantalum one. Seems there is a break, some text, then it goes to OS-CON. That "extra" part seems to belong to the Tantalum section. Should it be joined? — Preceding unsigned comment added by KronesR (talk • contribs) 22:07, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

Polarity: no reduction of oxyde layer
''Most electrolytic capacitors are polarized and require one of the electrodes to be positive relative to the other; they may catastrophically fail if voltage is reversed. This is because a reverse-bias voltage above 1 to 1.5 V[4][5][6] will destroy the center layer of dielectric material via electrochemical reduction (see redox reactions). Following the loss of the dielectric material, the capacitor will short circuit, and with sufficient short circuit current, the electrolyte will rapidly heat up and either leak or cause the capacitor to burst, often in a spectacularly dramatic fashion.''
 * This seems to be the general opinion, but I haven't seen a WP:RS confirming it. Both anode and cathode are made of aluminium. I know they say that the electrolyte is really the cathode, but that's when one only considers what happens at the anode oxide layer. In fact, apart from the larger surface and the thickness of the oxide layer, both anode and cathode are identical. The oxide non-oxide region forms a diode, with the thickness of the oxide layer determining the breakdown voltage. If correct voltage is applied, the diode at the anode junction will be reverse biased so no current will flow; at the cathode junction the diode is forward biased and conducts current. Applying an overvoltage, the anode junction will breakdown and current will flow through the capacitor.
 * If voltage is reversed anode and cathode switch places, so now the cathode junction is reverse biased. The main difference is the thin oxide layer that can only withstand a small voltage before breaking down.
 * In both cases, when the applied voltage is too high, current will flow. This has three effects: growth of the oxide film, gasses forming, and ohmic heating. Depending on the magnitude of the current, you get a capacitor with lower capacity, a swollen capacitor due to gas build-up, or a cap that blows because you're boiling the electrolyte.
 * See ref 6, or an application guide from a manufacturer. Main point is: there's no reduction of the oxide layer, at least not enough to have any effect. Ssscienccce (talk) 16:19, 2 September 2012 (UTC)

 * The “redox reactions” in the sentence: “…a reverse-bias voltage above 1 to 1.5 V will destroy the center (?) layer of dielectric material via electrochemical reduction (see redox reactions)” are wrong. Aluminum oxide goes in solution in acid or basic liquids. Reverse voltage can accelerate this whereby the oxide layer will be weakened. The layer gets thinner. If the voltage is high enough and the power behind is high enough (low ohmic) than after a while a breakdown occur (short circuit). It is a demolition of oxide layer thickness in an acid or basic solvent which lead to this behavior. --Elcap (talk) 09:47, 18 November 2013 (UTC)

The new rewrite versus the old
The new rewritten version has many grammatical flaws and basically removed everything from before. It would be nice to incorporate the old version from earlier this month into the new version, as both have their merits. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Theburn7 (talk • contribs) 11:57, 28 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Hi Theburn7, I have tried to use all correct informations from the old version, but sorry, there was wrote such a lot of balderdash, that I decided to write it new as an article summarize all excisting electrolytic capacitors. The old text only was focussed on Aluminum electrolytic capacitors, which now have an own article. However, you are right in citicize my English, sorry, I hope, some Wikis can help in bettering grammar and wording. --Elcap (talk) 14:57, 29 December 2014 (UTC)

There was nothing particularly wrong with the earlier article, although it was a bit disconnected in places, due to the number of contributors. You've basically turned it into your version of history. I seems that just about every non-english speaking country in Europe, claims to have invented just about everything, and there's always somebody determined to set Wikipedia straight. FORTUNATELY, anybody who wants to read a more balanced and comprehensible article, and not somebody's badly-written Term Paper, can access the History of this item. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.7.82.82 (talk) 01:58, 18 January 2016 (UTC)

Electrolytic capacitor – new article Dec. 2014
Hi Wikis, I have written a complete new article about electrolytic capacitors and replace the old one Dec. 14. Yesterday the user “Wtshymansky” delete the new article and restore the  superior version. Everybody who wants to follow the discussion can have a look at the new article under User:Elcap/Electrolytic capacitor.

The reason I wrote a new article was the destroying of the article Capacitor plague in Feb. 2014. Trying to repair this article I saw, that the English Wiki had no article about Aluminum electrolytic capacitors. But to understand what happened with failing capacitors using a wrong electrolyte it was necessary to write an Al-e-cap article first. By the way I wrote an article about Niobium capacitors and add some paragraphs in the article Tantalum capacitors, all members of the great family of electrolytic capacitors. Remained the question of what happens with the old article “Electrolytic capacitors”?

This old article really is a conglomeration of superficial knowledge and wrong information. Let me give some examples:

The first sentence: - An electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor that uses an electrolyte (an ionic conducting liquid)…. This is incomplete, most Ta-e-caps use solid electrolytes. - ….uses an electrolyte (an ionic conducting liquid) as one of its plates to achieve a larger capacitance per unit volume…. is wrong, the thin dielectric layer coming from the anodic formation is the main reason for high CV. - They are widely used in power supplies…. is only valid for Al-e-caps, not for Ta-e-caps and Nb-e-caps - The rest of the introduction are preconceptions coming from outdated experiances.

In the part “History” the notice about Lilienfeld is wrong, sorry he was a genius but not for electrolytic capacitors. The remarks about “Mershon” are a very special information only for Americans.

The part “Types of electrolytic capacitors” is a collection of types, electrical parameters, antiquated values and wrong information. Starting with “Supercapacitor” not explaining that SCs are not e-caps down to OS-CON capacitors which are not available anymore with that mentioned solid electrolyte.

Going down the singe paragraphs I found a lot of antiquated, misplaced or wrong information in the old article so that I decide to write a new one to give precise information and to compare with tables and pictures the three different electrolytic capacitor types. This new article yesterday was replaced by the old one.

By the way, I have tried to overtake all valid refs from the old article into the new article, so that no information is lost.

I hope that this information about the new written article will start the discussion about the both article versions. (sorry for my English, I know it’s more Denglish, but I hope it is understandable in point of technical facts. --Elcap (talk) 15:47, 30 December 2014 (UTC)
 * It would be best if we could correct and reference the facts without making the text unreadable. --Wtshymanski (talk) 00:36, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

 * Correcting, ref the facts, deleting failures, that was it what I did! Point by point. However, I have added more chapters, a lot of new informations, pictures, tables etc. for better understanding. To make my text readable please help me in grammar --Elcap (talk) 10:32, 31 December 2014 (UTC)

 * As your user name has not appeared in any of the articles normally edited by, you are probably unaware of what you have blundered into. Wtshymanski seems to erroneously believe that he owns all the engineering related articles on Wikipedia.  Further he makes it difficult to impossible for anyone else to improve his articles.  He will happliy edit war with anyone trying to change an article against what he believes the article should contain (often changing his argument to match whatever edit war he is pursuing - and in one case in adjacent discussions on the same talk page).

 * Reading through the two articles, I find the version a more comprehensive (and in many places accurate) discussion of the topic.  It is moderately well referenced, but more references are of course better (though this was also a valid critisism of the old article).  The English is not a significant problem because it can easily be copy-edited by other more able editors (as Elcap himself acknowledged when he tagged the new version as requiring CE).  Similarly any contentious points can be similarly dealt with (including any useful material in the old article that has not made it into the new - I did spot one or two useful bits).  DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 13:09, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Hi DieSwartzPunkt, thank you for this information. Although I wrote the capacitor articles about Ceramic, film, types of caps and capacitor plague, and now new Al-e-cap, Ta-e-cap, and Nb-e-cap I up to now never have had difficulties with the WTShymanski. I will inset my article in two days and hope, that I can discuss all points on a technical level. Happy New Year to all users. --Elcap (talk) 15:51, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
 * OK, I've made a start. I have got up to (but not including) 'History'.  I shall have a further stab later today or possibly tomorrow.
 * Do not let me stop anyone else having a crack at it! DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 14:44, 4 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Common history of the electrolytic capacitor concept should go here, with only metal-specific details in the subsidiary articles, where there is unique history to mention. Do we talk about the home=-made caps used in the early radio days, aluminum plates in jars of borax solution? --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:59, 5 January 2015 (UTC)

Electrolytic capacitor in crystal radio
The caption to an illustration claims that a 2 microfarad electrolytic capacitor was used in crystal radios. Quite apart from the fact there is nothing to decouple in a crystal radio, the only fixed capacitor likely to be found was that some designers put a capacitor of around 0.001 microfarads in parallel with the headphone (supposedly to shunt the residual R.F. from the crystal). In reality, removing it made no audible difference because the headphone was incapable of resolving radio frequencies. A 2 microfarad capacitor would have absolutely no use whatsoever. DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 16:45, 7 January 2015 (UTC)
 * In point of using this cpapacitor in a crystal radio you are absolutely right. I got this picture and the description from the file in Wiki Commons. Description: English: An early electrolytic capacitor from 1914. It consists of two sheets of foil about 3 cm square separated by a fabric sheet, immersed in an electrolyte solution, sealed inside a glass tube, with electrodes attached to the foils at either end. It had a capacitance on the order of 2 microfarads. It was used as a decoupling condenser in a crystal radio. Date before 1914, Source: Downloaded August 1, 2013 from William Henry Marchant 1914 Wireless Telegraphy: A handbook for the use of operators and students, Whittaker and Co., New York, p. 144, fig. 117 on Google Books
 * I have tried to calculate the capacitance of that capacitor out of the dimensions of the "plates", no etching, voltage proof appr. 10 V: the capacitance is somewhere in the order of 2 µF.
 * We shall delete "crystal radio" and write "one of the first published picture of an electrolytic capacitor (1914)" --Elcap (talk) 10:01, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

History, Tantalum quantity development
Hi DieSchwartzPunkt, your question is correct, thanks for your attention.

Source 1: The Tantalum Supply Chain: A Detailed Analysis

Page 29, Fig. 13 ''The shortage of material may only have been perceived, but there was a real increase in the price of tantalum materials. The spot price for tantalum ore is as reported by the London Metals Bulletin (Fig. 13)…..''

''In the last 30 years, there have been two short periods when the tantalum ore price was unstable. In the late 1970s, the price of ore jumped, then returned to nearly the same as that before the excursion. In 2000, the price rose quickly, then again returned to normal. Figure 14 graphs the performance of tantalum powders from 1965 to the present.''

Please have a look at Fig. 13 and 14

Source 2:

Tantalum Availability: 2000 and Beyond W. A. Serjak, H. Seyeda and Ch. G. Cymorek, H. C. Starck, Inc./GmbH

Page 14

''In 1999 and 2000, the supply chain became more complex than usual. Media reports highlighted the tight supplies and increasing prices, precipitating a scramble for capacitors and tantalum across the chain. Double ordering started. Worst of all, speculators entered the supply chain, disrupting the normal flow of material by bidding prices that were higher than existing supply chain prices.''

Conclusion: My text in the chapter history, sorry, has to be changed a little bit. Proposal:

The solid tantalum capacitors in this years offered smaller capacitors with lower ESR values than the aluminum capacitors, However, they were more expensive. Nevertheless they found more and more applications, also in entertainment devices. That ends abruptly in the late 1970s, as a price explosion for tantalum ore the application in radios and TV sets makes too much expensive. Small Al-single ended e-caps with low leakage currents will replace the tantalums. With the beginning of the SMD technology the tantalums came back as chips for flat devices. --Elcap (talk) 16:02, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

Articulate?
From the lede: Due to their very thin dielectric oxide layer and enlarged anode surface electrolytic capacitors have—based on the volume—a much higher capacitance-voltage product compared to ceramic capacitors or film capacitors, but an articulately smaller CV value than electrochemical supercapacitors. I can't decide what that is trying to say, but "articulately" is almost definitely the wrong word. 203.129.52.43 (talk) 08:48, 13 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Good catch. The revised article was written by a non English speaker and although the article was good from a technical viewpoint, the English required considerable cleanup.  That word slipped through.  DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 12:59, 13 July 2015 (UTC)

 * I believe the writer may have meant 'appreciably'. The way the sentence reads in the article currently makes sense, so not much incentive to change it. Akld guy (talk) 00:13, 3 October 2015 (UTC)
 * In German I wrote "deutlich kleiner". My translator say "articulately smaller" or "clearly smaller". --Elcap (talk) 16:07, 3 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you. 'Appreciably' would be a good translation. But 'articulately' is clearly not appropriate. Akld guy (talk) 00:24, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

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Probable mistake regarding dialectric breakdown
In the intro: "Applying a reverse polarity voltage, or a voltage exceeding the maximum rated working voltage of as little as 1 or 1.5 volts, can destroy the dielectric and thus the capacitor."

I think this conflates two separate conditions for failure. Probably should read: The dialectric can be destroyed by applying a reverse polarity voltage of as little as 1 or 1.5 volts, or a forward voltage exceeding the maximum rated working voltage, which thus also destroys the capacitor. Gwideman (talk) 08:56, 4 July 2020 (UTC)

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jofi. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jofi~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:44, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:31, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jofi~enwiki


text:
User talk:Sungyong

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 16:22, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sungyong


text:
Arctic Corsair

The Arctic Corsair (H320) is a deep-sea trawler, built in 1960, that was converted to a museum ship in 1999. She is temporarily berthed at Alexandra Dock in Kingston upon Hull, England, pending completion of a new permanent location in the city's Museums Quarter. Exhibits and guides aboard the boat tell the story of Hull's deep-sea fishing industry.

Description
The Arctic Corsair is Hull’s last surviving sidewinder trawler, a type of ship that formed the backbone of the city’s deep sea fishing fleet. She was built in 1960, at Cook, Welton & Gemmell in Beverley, and was the second diesel-engined trawler built for the Boyd Line, the first being the Arctic Cavalier which was launched the previous month. She was designed for the harsh conditions encountered in the Icelandic grounds, having a rivetted rather than welded hull.

History
In September 1967 Arctic Corsair was holed on her starboard side in a collision off the coast of Scotland with the Irish collier Olive in thick fog. Attempting to reach harbour in Wick she was beached in Sinclair Bay but eventually repaired and refloated.

In 1973, she broke the world record for landing of cod and haddock from the White Sea.

On 30 April 1976 during the cod wars, she rammed the offshore patrol vessel ICGV Óðinn in the stern, after Óðinn had made three attempts to cut the Corsair's trawl warps. The skipper, Charles Pitts, said that Icelandic seamen were becoming "more ambitious and dangerous in their tactics". With his ship holed below the waterline, and patched up temporarily by the Royal Navy, Pitts decided to head for home for permanent repairs. Arctic Corsair was out of action for several months. In 2017, the vessels, now both museum ships, exchanged their bells as a gesture of cooperation.

In 1978 she was converted for midwater trawling, and in 1981 laid up at Hull. In 1985 she was taken out of retirement and reconverted for normal fishing. She was renamed Arctic Cavalier in 1988.

Museum ship
In 1991, a campaign led by Adam Fowler of fishing heritage group STAND secured £45,000 from the DTI Hull Task Force which enabled Hull City Council to purchase the trawler in 1993. The vessel immediately reverted to Arctic Corsair, and was berthed between Drypool Bridge and Myton Bridge in the River Hull as a museum ship.

After being restored by trainees and volunteers from the STAND, the floating museum opened to the public in 1999. STAND entered into partnership with the City Council to provide volunteers to maintain and act as tour guides. Today, the floating museum is run entirely by volunteers but supported by Hull City Council. Arctic Corsair is temporarily closed during restoration work.

In June 2018, it was announced that she was to move to dry-dock in September 2018 while flood defence work is undertaken on the River Hull. This was delayed while other flood defence work was undertaken but on 4 August 2019 was she moved to a temporary berth in Alexandra Dock. Later she will move to a new permanent berth in the redeveloped North End Shipyard in Dock Office Row as part of the Hull Maritime City project, back in the Museums Quarter; initial groundwork on the shipyard's visitor centre commenced in November 2022. On 6 October 2021, she was moved by two tugs to Dunston's shipyard to undergo restoration work.

title: Arctic Corsair


text:
Koporye

Koporye (Копорье; Finnish: Kaprio; Koporje) is a historic village (selo) in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located about 100 km west of St. Petersburg and 12 km south of the Koporye Bay of the Baltic Sea. Its population in 2017 was 1,603.

History
The first wooden fortress on the coast of the Koporye Bay was built by the Teutonic Knights in the winter of 1240, only to be destroyed by Alexander Nevsky the next year. The second fortress was built in stone by Alexander's son Dmitry Alexandrovich in 1280. Enraged by the prince's independence, the Novgorodians razed the fortress two years later.

The Swedes took advantage of the lack of a fortress and occupied the banks of the Narva River. The Novgorodians had to restore the stone fort in 1297. Koporye was the strongest stronghold in the region and survived numerous attacks during the Swedish–Novgorodian Wars. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the town was given several times to mercenary princes invited by Novgorodians to protect the northern territories of the republic. While the town had an important fortress, the residences of a prince and several lesser landowners, and was the centre of an important iron-working district, it remained very small, with only 18 households by the end of 15th century.

After Novgorod's incorporation into Muscovy, the fortress was strengthened and rebuilt to withstand cannon fire. Most extant structures belong to that period. Russian forces surrendered Koporye during the Livonian War but regained it under the Treaty of Tyavzino.

During the Time of Troubles, Koporye was attacked by some 2,000 Swedes. The Russian garrison had to surrender. In 1656, Russia unsuccessfully tried to retake the village. Koporye remained Swedish until 1703, known as Koporje or Caporie/Capurien, constituting an important part of Swedish Ingria.

As the Gulf of Finland grew shallow and receded to the north, the site began to lose its maritime importance. In 1703, during the Great Northern War, a major Russian army under Boris Sheremetev regained Koporye, which was defended by 80 Swedish soldiers under the commandant, Captain Wasili Apolloff. Huge gaps in the walls from the disastrous fire of the Russian artillery may still be seen.

Despite some repairs undertaken in the 19th century, the fortress survives in a ruined state. Today, it is a museum.

title: Koporye