text:
Talk:Ahmed Khadr

Untitled
"Khadr immigrated to Canada from Egypt in 1997." doesn't sound right. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 22:07, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Apparently I wrote that originally.  I must have meant 1977, because I was working from CBC sources, probably this timeline, which claims 1977. --Saforrest 20:49, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)

Recent changes
Wanted to address some recent changes, because while the family may dispute them - I'd be interested in why they were removed entirely.
 * In 2001, Khadr and his family attended the wedding of bin Laden's son, Muhammad, a friendly gesture which bin Laden reciprocated when he later attended the wedding of Khadr's daughter Zaynab. - all sources indicate this is true, no? In fact it gets mentioned often, whenever the papers talk about the Khadrs - I can't think of any reason we shouldn't explain the incident.

 * Khadr was killed in South Waziristan on 2 October 2003 when the Pakistani army launched a counter-terrorism operation against the East Turkestan Islamic Movement's presence on the Afghan border. - right now has been reduced to the place and date, I think the context is important - even if the wording is fixed, so that readers know if he was shot, killed by a bomb being dropped on a house, run over by a truck, killed by a criminal, by an army, etc.

 * "an associate of Osama bin Laden", while I agree "terrorist leader" might be disputed or incorrect - isn't it fair to address the fact that the Khadr family *were* associates of bin Laden? We wouldn't have an article on this man if he were just a computer engineer in an NGO, he is notable and newsworthy because of his connection to UBL.

 * In addition, the section on the Mahdi Army I believe should be left in, though perhaps re-worded. It is important that the information exists, even if it is simply "fear-mongering" or "jumping to conclusions" by the National Post - we should still say that the National Post reported it, not that it's true.

Sherurcij (Speaker for the Dead) 01:12, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Well to answer you Q's I say:

- UBL may have attended my wedding but no one from my family ever attended his sons wedding.

- We did not belong or live amongs the ETIM, and so it would seem strang for the Pakistani army to launch an attack ment for them on the house that had my father. As for the way he was killed, we know there was a fire fight as well as air missiles.

- We were acquaintances, but never associates of UBL, and that is where the misconceptions accrue.

- The section about the Mahdi Army has no truth to it, and so I did not see a reason to keep it.

(Zaynab Khadr 04:07, 6 August 2007 (UTC))

 * Alright, well I think it's important to address the points the media accuses, even if it's to say "The National Post reported that..., a charge which is disputed by the family who point out that...". People come to the article because they've heard the charges in the media, so if there's absolutely no mention here, they'll assume the article is either incomplete or whitewashed - it is much better to address each point the media has levelled against the family. As for the firefight, was it the Pakistani Army? ISI? Unknown? Sherurcij (Speaker for the Dead) 23:12, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Well I guess you have a point, I don't like all the lies and I can't respond to all of them, but I'd like to see thier sources first. As for the firefight, it was the Pakistani army + personal from the US army, I remember my brother Abdulkareem clearly saying he could see and hear some Americans.

(Zaynab Khadr 15:30, 7 August 2007 (UTC))

Letter by A.S. Khadr?
http://clearinghouse.infovlad.net/attachment.php?attachmentid=457&stc=1&d=1200652963

From around 1999. Anybody recognize the signature?

209.121.88.198 (talk) 10:47, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

HCI/Sudan/Truck
This article (admittedly quite biased) alleges that the Sudanese Zawahiri-follower involved with the Embassy Bombing and living with the Khadr family at the time he purchased a truck used in the bombing...was actually either a "suitor" or married to Zaynab at the time. Sherurcij (Speaker for the Dead) 22:29, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Discrepency
Michael Scheuer's book "Through Our Enemy's Eyes" (pp. 217) lists an "August 29, 2000" arrest of ASK by ISI forces in relation to the embassy bombing. Sherurcij (Speaker for the Dead) 20:56, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

arts
1. 	 Preview (Abstract/Citation)   	 Full Text (No Photos)   	 Chretien questions Bhutto about jailed Canadian : Khadr, an aid worker, is suspected of bombings Bob Cox; The Record; Jan 15, 1996; pg. B.3; 2. 	Preview (Abstract/Citation) 	Full Text (No Photos) 	Canadian charged in bomb attack By Theresa Boyle Toronto Star; Toronto Star; Jan 5, 1996; pg. A.20; 3. 	Preview (Abstract/Citation) 	Full Text (No Photos) 	Bombing suspect pins `last hope' on Chretien `I am a hostage,' Canadian held in Pakistan attack tells The Star By Michelle Huang SPECIAL TO THE STAR; Toronto Star; Dec 30, 1995; pg. A.1; 4. 	Preview (Abstract/Citation) 	Full Text (No Photos) 	Ontario man said to be only bombing suspect Toronto Star; Dec 18, 1995; pg. A.13; 5. 	Preview (Abstract/Citation) 	Full Text (No Photos) 	Canadian held in Pakistan bombing Relief worker arrested after blast kills 16 at Egyptian embassy By Theresa Boyle Toronto Star; Toronto Star; Dec 15, 1995; pg. A.1; 6. 	Preview (Abstract/Citation) 	Full Text (No Photos) 	WORLD DIGEST The Hamilton Spectator; May 4, 1992; pg. A.3; 7. 	Preview (Abstract/Citation) 	Full Text (No Photos) 	Worker seeks aid for Afghan kids Bill Taylor Toronto Star; Toronto Star; Oct 10, 1989; pg. A.2; 8. 	Preview (Abstract/Citation) 	Full Text (No Photos) 	'Pretty toys' maiming Afghan kids Soviet troops disguise mines Canadian says Jack Cahill Toronto Star; Toronto Star; Sep 25, 1986; pg. A.15; Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 22:59, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Errors of fact
"On August 29 [2000] Pakistani security officials arrested Abdel Rahman al-Kanadi for his role in the EIJ's 1995 bombing of Egypt's embassy in Pakistan. When arrested, al-Kanadi carried a Canadian passport and was chief of the NGO Human Concern International's office in Peshawar. Mahjub and al-Kanadi are being held pending possible extradition to Egypt", excerpted from Michael Scheuer's "Through Our Enemies' Eyes" (page 217)...seems to be rubbish. Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 01:41, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Random leads
Hasan Mahsum may have also been killed in the attack Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 07:01, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

GA Fail

 * working on GA review here
 * Ling.Nut (talk—WP:3IAR) 01:59, 8 September 2008 (UTC)
 * After a couple of days of thought, I have reluctantly decided to fail the GA nom, further comments here. Ling.Nut (talk—WP:3IAR) 06:27, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Errors
On page 66, Ghost Plane mistakenly identifies ASK as a "Syrian-Canadian". Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 07:53, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

Financial Times names him as Ilyas al-Kanadi Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 22:42, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

CTV can't tell their arse from a hole in the ground, and similarly can't tell 3/1 from 1/3, and reported that he was born on January 3, not March 1.(Passchier, Lorraine. CTV, "Links to global terror surface in Canada", October 10, 2001) Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 20:24, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Stewart Bell, who should know better, calls him "Abderraouf Khadr" in the index to his 2005 "Martyr's Oath" book. Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 19:53, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Introduction
This is one of the poorest and most tedious of the Wikipedia introductions I have ever read on Wikipedia and contains so much unnecessary information, whereas an introduction should be basic resumé of an individual. This introduction deserves a complete rewrite concentrating on just who Ahmed Said Khadr is. As for pro and con subjective ideas, for example whether he liked or disliked Canada and what politicians thought about him is totally out of place. Proabbly these can be discussed further down I guess. werldwayd (talk) 03:43, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I tried to clean it up some - but I think the fact his "legacy" is hotly disputed in Canada - which is all he's really known for, that he is a hot-button issue, has to be dealt with on some level. Let me know what else needs cleaning up, btw use Intro-too long in the future for this kind of thing - it's more specific for uninvolved readers to come contribute and help. Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 04:07, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Ideally an introduction should be a resume of the individual with a minimum of quotations and subjective opinions, or references to substantiate these allegations or defense of the individual. The ontro spends too much time on alleged opinions, and totally loses th focus it needs to have, whereas his body of work as well as his death in a firefight get just a vague and almost insignificant one or two sentences. I simply don't have the time to do this immense work myself on this page. I sympathized so much with his son Abdulkareem Khadr who I saw in one of the rallies when he came in his wheelchair to take part in a rally for his detained brother's defense and expressed. So I exprssed a kind word or two to him personally, and that's the reason I wanted to clean-up his page to make it real worthy of this fine young gentleman that I saw. This seemed to have angered you based on your message on my page after just a few necessary edits and removal of what I thought was an insignificant rabit story that didn't stick and had no relevance whatsoever, or so I thought. I can just imagine what would happen if I tried to clean-up this particular article that is hundred times more complex and thorny than that one which was just straightforward really. So I express my misgivings of how stuffed this article is. How much stuffed? Take this single fact in "His Charitable Works" section: Quote: Around 1990, Ahmed found The Adventures of Tintin, a favourite book of his childhood, at an Islamabad marketplace and purchased it for his children.[16] Unquote... So? He bought a book in a marketplace. What does it have to do with his charity work, where this utterly out-of-the-blue sentence is inserted. Just how signifucant its purchase is for the Khadr story? I digress.. and leave it to more patient editors to tackle it so that it becomes worthy of a true encyclopedic and neutral article that it should be werldwayd (talk) 06:14, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Part of the problem with removing large chunks, for example the rabbit story on Abdulkareem's page, is that it leaves only the "negative" aspects - for example you proposed that we should change (paraphrase) "as a child, Abdulkareem once hung off the leg of Zawahiri, begging him to play with him and let him touch his gun" to "Abdulkareem has met the leaders of al-Qaeda" - see how it suddenly got much more sinister? If we are writing a biography of a person, why are we including the fact "He hated Jews" but leaving out the fact "He was drawn towards Buddhism in his later years" - is it relevant to understanding somebody to know which religion he died? Yet we err on the side of providing too much detail, rather than too little - so long as the extraneous information we are leaving in does not represent libel, fringe theories or contain specific harm. Is Ahmed Khadr's favourite childhood book relevant? As relevant as his meeting Zawahiri as the two volunteered as the same charity hospital? They weren't meeting to swap ideas for killing puppies, they were just volunteering at the same local hospital - is it relevant who else he met there? Most, if not all, of what exists about Khadr is innuendo - "he was a close friend of X" - how close is close? Should this article clarify how he knew these people, or just say "He was friends with Zawahiri"? It seems to me better to always give the exact information (for example, "He worked in the same hospital as Zawahiri") and let readers draw their own conclusions whether they were friends, colleagues, comrades or buddies - rather than saying "He was friends/colleagues/comrades/buddies with al-Qaeda leaders". If you can make a list of the words in the article you find objectionable, we can start examining each one, see which ones should truly be tossed and replaced. Thank you. Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 06:41, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

Clean-up, re-write, etc etc.
I think this has been mentioned before, but the introduction is far too lengthy. I think two paragraphs would suffice - can we not incorporate the other two into the text somehow? The fourth paragraph is particularly important and needs to be retained, but I question the necessity of the third - it's essentially made up of material from elsewhere in the article - how much do we really need to reveal about him initially? Are there guidelines or policies pertinent to this?

Also, it appears that a large proportion of data about his early life is sourved from only one (or at the most, two) different locations. In fact, the entirety of the "early life" section has only ONE source for its extremely comprehensive biography. I presume this kind of information is quite difficult to find - even online - but does anyone know of any other reliable sources we could use? I'm probably just being pedantic. I'm new here - at least, new to editing - so I'm just trying to get into the spirit of things! :)

ALSO, pt ii: I ALSO feel there's a lot of extraneous material here. Is the following:

"Around 1990, Ahmed found The Adventures of Tintin, a favourite book of his childhood, at an Islamabad marketplace and purchased it for his children."

...really something that belongs on Wikipedia? I mean, it's highly unlikely anyone who might come across this page would know the man personally, so superficial litlte "tidbits" like this are really pretty useless. Someone want to join me in cleaning this place up? Just contact me on my talk page, yeah? Don't worry about being "too late", I'll be at uni for the next 4-5 years so I'll be visiting this site regularly. Cheers :D Psychonavigation (talk) 03:42, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

By the way, here's an article on Ahmed that is concise, detailed and expunged of superfluous trivia. I'm not suggesting we trash the present page THAT much, but let it be an inspiration of sorts. http://en.allexperts.com/e/a/ab/abdurahman_khadr.htm ... Psychonavigation (talk) 03:44, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

 * That is a mirror of the Wikipedia article on Abdurahman Khadr, written by the same authors who wrote this article. It's not about Ahmed at all. Sherurcij (speaker for the dead) 03:55, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

I don't remember writing the above at all. Strange... I must have left it logged in. :S Psychonavigation (talk) 10:25, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

Neutrality
While this article presents both sides (relief worker vs. ranking member of al-Qaeda), it seems to give too much weight to the former. There is very little information given to the argument that his charity work was largely a front. In fact, that bit is only mentioned once, and as part of a quote box. It also doesn't mention how he sent his sons to al-Qaeda training camps, or how at least two of them ended up at Guantanamo Bay. Additionally, the Khadr family's ties to Osama bin Laden doesn't seem to be sufficiently expressed. While living with bin Laden's family, the Khadr children became friends with bin Laden's children. According to Guantanamo's Child, the Khadr's were frequent visitors at bin Laden's compound to the dismay of many others there, and they didn't just "move into Nazim Jihad", they began construction on a house there. While Ahmed was back in Canada fundraising during the construction of the house, he asked bin Laden to keep watch over his troublesome son, Abdurahman Khadr (62), but just two days later, the compound was evacuated and bin Laden did not give their family the option to join him (63). This sort of information seems relevant to the article. Lara 02:12, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

 * I am inserting a bias tag onto the page. It is obvious that the article is heavily biased towards his role as a humanitarian worker and neglects many aspects of his involvement with Al-Qaeda. I'd also like to point out that Zaynab Khadr, the eldest daughter of Ahmed Khadr, made significant edits between August 6 2007 and August 7 2007, and there are numerous edits by suspicious editors from Canada/Middle East region. Please see User:Zaynab Khadr. It is despicable that family members of deceased subjects can paint a rose-colored portrait with impunity and go unnoticed for years when both sides clearly need to be balanced. Cyanhat (talk) 03:34, 15 October 2015 (UTC)

 * ,, both of you voiced concerns that the article hasn't focussed enough on the details of Khadr's role in al Qaeda... Have I got that right?  Are you raising this concern because you are aware of RS that actually cover those details, that we haven't yet covered?

 * Please consider the possibility that Khadr may not have actually played a role in al Qaeda, after all.

 * While US officials, and third party commentators who represent themselves as counter-terrorism experts, often call him an "al Qaeda facilitator", a "al Qaeda financier", and an "al Qaeda lieutenant", I am not aware of any of those sources ever offering any of the details you claim we aren't covering.

 * I suggest there may be two main explanations: (1) US intelligence officials actually could unambiguously and reliably document these claims, but aren't doing so because they want to protect their secret methods, secret sources; or (2) the claims are largely or entirely innuendo, demonization, part of the post-911 hysterical over-reaction to the fear of muslim terrorism.

 * I suggest that, if intelligence officials could document an al Qaeda career, but won't publish meaningful details, in order to preserve other secrets, then any speculation on our part, about what they might say, is unverifiable, and has no place in this article.

 * Revenue Canada continued to allow his charity to issue charitable receipts for donations into at least 2001. If US intelligence officials actually had meaningful intelligence he had a solid association with al Qaeda, pre-911, they absolutely should have shared it with their Canadian opposite numbers.  If Canadian intelligence officials had reason to believe he was associated with terrorism, his charity should have been stripped of charitable status.  I see this as a strong reason to doubt he had a meaningful association with al Qaeda, or terrorism, prior to 9-11.

 * With regard to Zaynab Khadr's eleven edits to this article... The last ten seem like largely innocuous copy-editing to me. I'll list them, in chronological order:, , , , , , , , , , [.
 * The first edit from the Zaynab Khadr ID, from 2007, is a long complicated one, with some elements that would not comply with WP:COI. In particular, that edit removed a section of the article entitled Ahmed Khadr.

 * I am not going to look up what WP:COI said, in 2007. In 2007 policy about repeating innuendo from primary sources was less stringent.
 * {| class="wikitable"

! material Zaynab Khadr excised in 2007 || 2019 comments about policy compliance So, the National Post isn't claiming this assertion is correct, only that SITE translated the claims from Islamic sites. The National Post acknowledges that it can't confirm the SITE Institute claims. But it reports that the claims are consistent with information it has acquired from Canadian security officials. It quotes an affidavit RCMP Sgt. Konrad Shourie wrote last year:
 * + Ahmed Khadr, removed by, as part of this edit
 * An article in the July 13 2006 National Post reports that the SITE Institute identifies Khadr as the founder of an Afghan group called the Mahdi Army. The SITE Institute claims they acquired this information by translating Arabic language video, and associated postings, from password protected al-Hesbah and al-Ekhlaas forums Islamic web-sites. ||
 * How reliable is SITE?
 * I can't find the National Post article. It is not online, I can't find any mirrors, and it seems the wayback machine didn't archive it.
 * The National Post repeats a passage about the Mahdi Army that the SITE Institute asserts it translated from these sites: "Brother Abu Abdurahman Al Kanadi, may Allah have mercy on his soul, a.k.a. Ahmed Said Khadr, used to be in charge of it, but he was killed by the Pakistani army in October, 2003, in the area of southern Waziristan," ||
 * The National Post repeats a passage about the Mahdi Army that the SITE Institute asserts it translated from these sites: "Brother Abu Abdurahman Al Kanadi, may Allah have mercy on his soul, a.k.a. Ahmed Said Khadr, used to be in charge of it, but he was killed by the Pakistani army in October, 2003, in the area of southern Waziristan," ||
 * The National Post repeats a passage about the Mahdi Army that the SITE Institute asserts it translated from these sites: "Brother Abu Abdurahman Al Kanadi, may Allah have mercy on his soul, a.k.a. Ahmed Said Khadr, used to be in charge of it, but he was killed by the Pakistani army in October, 2003, in the area of southern Waziristan," ||
 * "I believe that the entire [Khadr] family is affiliated with al-Qaeda and has participated in some form or another with these criminal extremist elements."

Sergeant Shourie did write an affadavit that asserted all members of the Khadr family should be under suspicion. When he wrote it the youngest siblings were barely teenagers, and Zaynab's daughter was around Kindergarten age. Without citing a source the National Post reported:
 * "The RCMP says Khadr was 'tasked' by Osama bin Laden to form a militia in 2001, and in 2003 was ordered to organize 'attacks against U.S. and coalition forces' near the Afghan border."

I think that the National Post did not cite a source was significant.
 * }

 * In addition, the Zaynab Khadr ID removed characterizing Ahmed Khadr as "an al-Qaeda leader and an associate of Osama bin Laden" from the article's first paragraph. They replaced it with a passage describing him a teacher and a humanitarian worker.  Personally, I agree that the lead should not characterize him as an al Qaeda member, or a terrorist, without attribution.  He never had a trial, and intelligence officials have never offered any substantiating details.  Personally, it seems these are allegations, not facts.

 * In another paragraph the Zaynab Khadr ID amended the date Ahmed Khadr arrived in the region. That is innocuous.  They amended "Khadr travelled there, and met bin Laden" to "Khadr travelled there".  The additional clause ", and met bin Laden" is demonization.  In 1983 bin Laden was just on of the thousands of Afghan Arabs.  We aren't listing any other Afghan Arabs he may have met.  Further, US intelligence officials routinely conflate a meeting with Osama bin Laden with a successful recruiting.  Fouad al Rabia, for instance, met bin Laden when he was on a humanitarian mission to Afghanistan.  US intelligence officials kept on characterizing casual introductions as successful recruiting in spite of overwhelming evidence to the contrary.

 * In the edit the Zaynab Khadr ID added an unreferenced paragraph about the Khadr charity. This was not an attempt to deceive.  In 2007 this was a forgiveable mistake.  People with a first hand knowledge of an event don't understand that their first hand knowledge doesn't count, can't be used, because they are not reliable sources.  If this paragraph were to remain in the article it would require RS.  FWIW, I think there are RS that talk about the charity.  I am going to repeat, I do not see this edit as an attempt to deceive.

 * Similarly the ZK ID removed a brief paragraph about the Khadr family attending the wedding of one of bin Laden's sons.

 * , you wrote that it was "despicable" that ZK made edits that went "unnoticed for years". I think you overlooked the discussion at .  Her first edit, the only one that was not innocuous, was noticed, almost right away.

 * I just checked. FWIW, I wrote the section on the Mahdi Army.  I was inexperienced then, and our standards were much looser.  There was no BLP in 2006, for instance.  I wouldn't write that section today.  And I couldn't write a replacement, that complied with today's standards, because the reference is no longer available.  Geo Swan (talk) 02:08, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Unless WP policy went off the rails in the past however many years, your opinion about the intent behind someone else's edits isn't relevant. And, in fact, their intent itself isn't relevant. Does the content violate today's policy? If so, remove it. What do the sources say? Are the sources reliable? These are the relevant questions. I haven't read this article in over seven years, so I don't remember the details, and I don't care enough now to research it. What I know is WP has unreasonable bias and this thread is a decent representation of why.  Indubitably (Talk)  14:24, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

Ahmad Khedr Al-Bagshi أحمد خضر البقشي
Ahmad Khedr Al-Bakshi (1991-10-22) Is a junior student at KFUPM - CIM.
 * Copyright to King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Collage of Industrial Management***Bold text — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ahmad412 (talk • contribs) 18:34, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Inappropriate digression - this article is not the place to promote his management theories and career. Delete irrelevant content.Parkwells (talk) 14:58, 11 July 2017 (UTC)

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IP contributor 156.204.216.47...
's edit incorrectly asserts that Ahmed's son Omar Khadr "was released in 2015." That is highly misleading. He was give bail, with many restrictions, on his travel, where he could live, who he could meet; he had a curfew imposed on him; he was restricted from using computers or smartphones. So I reverted it.

Further, since Omar Khadr has his own article, details of his case belong there. Duplicating them here serves as an opportunity for errors to creep in, when the two pages say different things. Geo Swan (talk) 23:04, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

 * reverted me, with another bad edit. They, apparently do not understand the difference between parole, and bail.  As I wrote, above, this level of detail really doesn't belong here, anyhow.  It really belongs in Omar Khadr's article.

 * What is the difference between being released on parole, and being released on bail. Being released on bail is rare for individuals who have already been convicted, as Omar Khadr had been.  Usually bail is granted to suspects, prior to their trial, when they are not considered a flight risk.  Omar Khadr was granted bail as he appealed his charges in the US justice system.

 * Omar Khadr was eligible for parole. And, if he had applied for bail parole, and been released on bail parole, he would have had conditions on his release, similar to the conditions imposed upon him when he was granted bail.  The enormous difference between his bail and if he had been released on parole is that, on parole, the remaining years of his sentence would tick away, day by day.  If he had been granted parole, he would have finished his sentence last year.

 * However, on bail, his sentence stopped ticking. Prior to the recent judicial ruling, he had just as many days of his sentence left to serve as he had the day his bail was first granted.  This is a very important distinction.

 * One of the reasons the judge ruled his sentence had been served was that the US judicial system had completely failed to move on his appeal of his charges. Geo Swan (talk) 23:30, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Addressing your initial post, information about his son has been in this article for years and were not duplicated by me. My simple, minor edit served only to correct a mistake found within the article (he was repatriated to Canada in 2012, not 2013) which you conveniently made no mention of while reverting it multiple times.

 * Furthermore, Omar Khadr being released in 2015 is actually a correct assertion, regardless of how you'd like to spin things to make it seem "misleading." Since only general details of Ahmed Khadr's son was mentioned in the article, I decided to keep it that way, but since you insist, I specified he was "released on parole" which I trust would address your concern. Thank you for clarifying the difference between parole/bail, I didn't notice that mistake, but I reject your characterization of my edit as being "bad" and find that you could have resolved this dispute in a more efficient way. 156.204.216.47 (talk) 23:41, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Please be more careful. I didn't check his repatriation date, prior to the first time I reverted you.  I did check, prior to the second time I reverted you, and you were correct, he was finally repatriated in September 2012.  So, the second time I reverted you, I left 2012.  So, no, I did not revert this date "multiple times".

 * The whole lead section is problematic, and should be rewritten. In the course of that rewrite mention of his children should probably be reduced.  Geo Swan (talk) 00:14, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

 * P.S., in the interests of accountability, I strongly encourage you to create a wiki-ID of your own, and use it, exclusively, when you work on WMF projects. Geo Swan (talk) 00:21, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * You're right, it was only one time, I didn't notice because I saw the edit "undone" more than once and assumed it was the entire edit. Relatively speaking, I am not a very active editor on Wikipedia only editing every now and then, but appreciate your advice nonetheless. 156.204.216.47 (talk) 00:40, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

Questionable assertions
The lead section of this article contains questionable assertions.

Relying on the Canadian Free Press
The third paragraph of the lead section currently states: "The Canadian government had considered him to be that country's highest-ranking member of al-Qaeda." The reference to this assertion, however, is not to a Canadian goverment site, it is to the Canadian Free Press. As references go, the Canadian Free Press is relatively reckless. Is it too biased to be used as a reference? In my opinion, no, provided it is properly attributed.

Now the 4th paragraph of the Canadian Free Press article says: "Her father, the late ahmed Said Khadr, officially identified as Canada's highest-ranking member of al Qaeda, was sprung from a Pakistani prison when former Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien successfully intervened on his behalf through then Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto."

Well, how trustworthy is this paragraph? The second half, that claims "was sprung from a Pakistani prison when former Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chretien successfully intervened on his behalf" -- this is frequently repeated on anti-muslim hate sites. It isn't true. Chretien did bring up Khadr's detetion with the Pakistani PM. This is something he had an absolute obligation to do, under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canadian citizens are entitled to a fair trial, when charged with a crime, in Canada. And Canada has reciprocal agreements with most countries, including Pakistan, that we will give their citizens fair trials, and they will give Canadians fair trials. There is no reason to doubt Chretien's account. What Chretien said he said was (quoting from memory): "Please comply with the rule of law. Don't hold a Canadian citizen in extrajudicial detention.  If you have evidence he committed a crime, by all means lay charges against him, give him a fair trial, and, if he is convicted, give him a prison sentence.  But, if you don't have evidence he committed a crime, you should let him go."

If Bhutto's Government didn't charge him, didn't try him, and instead, let him go, I suggest this should be interpreted as a sign Pakistani Justice officials had not been able to assemble a case against Khadr, even though they had held him for a year, and had all that time to gather evidence. The shocking right-wing claim that Chretien would intervene for someone he knew or suspected was a terrorist -- why would he do that?

Given that the CFP got the Chretien part totally wrong I suggest we not trust their assertion that he had been "officially identified" as a member of al Qaeda.

I am going to wait a reasonable period of time, for comments, and then rewrite that passage. Geo Swan (talk) 00:21, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

distancing
The lead described Khadr as an Egyptian citizen. We saw the same thing with Ben Johnson, a Canadian who was born in Jamaica. When he was likely to win an Olympic medal, Canadian sources described him as a Canadian. A couple of days after he won his Olympic Gold Medal, those same newspapers who were happy to pump up National pride by calling him a Canadian, started, instead, to call him a Jamaican.

Khadr was born in Egypt, grew up in Egypt, but came to Canada to go to University, married a Canadian citizen, and became a Canadian citizen himself. He spent almost his entire adult life as a Canadian. In Afghanistan he was widely known as al Kanadi, ie. "the Canadian", not al Masri, "the Egyptian".

I also amended a passage that said, without attribution, that he had ties with terrorism. When I first started contributing to the wikipedia there was an excellent wikidocument on how to contribute material, without bias, offered the example of a passage like "Hitler was evil". It explained that even an opinion like that, almost universally shared, should be attributed. It should instead say something like, "Philosopher Hannah Arendt, the author of The banality of evil, said Hitler was evil."

So, I amended that as well. Geo Swan (talk) 00:34, 27 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ahmed Khadr


text:
Ledyard

Ledyard may refer to:

 * Ledyard (name)
 * Ledyard, Connecticut, United States
 * Ledyard, Iowa, United States
 * Ledyard, New York, United States
 * Ledyard Bridge, connecting New Hampshire and Vermont, United States

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ledyard


text:
Pooja Bhatt

Pooja Bhatt (born 24 February 1972) is an Indian actress, director, and filmmaker. She established herself as one of the leading actresses of Hindi cinema from the late 1980s through the early 2000s. She is the recipient of several accolades, including two National Film Awards and one Filmfare Awards.

Born into the Bhatt family, she is the daughter of Indian filmmaker, Mahesh Bhatt. Bhatt played her first leading role in Mahesh Bhatt's television film Daddy in 1989. For the film, she won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her breakthrough came with the romance comedy Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin (1991), which also emerged as her highest grossing release. In the following decade, Bhatt began portraying various of characters, garnering critical acclaim for her performances in Sadak (1991), Junoon (1992), Naaraaz (1994), Chaahat (1996), Tamanna (1997),  Border (1997), Kabhi Na Kabhi (1998), Angaaray (1998), Zakhm (1998).

She was a part of Bigg Boss OTT 2, where she emerged as the 4th runner up.

Early and personal life
Pooja Bhatt was born on 24 February 1972 to Mahesh Bhatt and Kiran Bhatt (born Loraine Bright). On her father's side, Bhatt is of Gujarati descent and on her mother's side, she is of English, Scottish, Armenian, and Burmese ancestry. She is the step-daughter of Soni Razdan. She has a brother, Rahul Bhatt and half-sisters Shaheen Bhatt and Alia Bhatt. Her cousins are Hitarth Bhat and Emraan Hashmi.

Personal life

Bhatt married restaurateur Manish Makhija in 2003, they divorced in 2014.

Career
Her biggest solo hit and her big screen debut came with the romantic comedy Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin (1991) opposite Aamir Khan, which was a remake of the Oscar-winning Hollywood classic It Happened One Night (1934). The film proved to be a breakthrough for Bhatt, post which she also appeared in many bold shoots like Stardust.

Her most well-known films in the 1990s included Sadak opposite Sanjay Dutt, The film is one of the highest-grossing movies of the year 1991. The film was inspired by the 1976 American film Taxi Driver. Then in 1992 she was seen in Prem Deewane, the film was directed by Sachin Pilgaonkar and produced by Ashok Ghai. The film was released in India on 12 June, which also stars an ensemble cast including Jackie Shroff, Madhuri Dixit, Vivek Mushran, Manohar Singh, Ashalata Wabgaonkar, Prem Chopra and Kamal Chopra.

Then she was cast in Junoon, Jaanam, and Phir Teri Kahani Yaad Aayee opposite Rahul Roy, her chemistry with Roy was widely appreciated by Critics. After starring in many hit movies, she did many films including, Sir (1993) and Guneghar (1995) opposite Atul Agnihotri, Tadipaar (1993) and Naaraaz (1994) opposite Mithun Chakraborty, Hum Dono opposite Rishi Kapoor, Angrakshak opposite Sunny Deol (1995). Then in 1996 Bhatt, stars in Chaahat opposite Shah Rukh Khan, the film earned a total of inr 68700000 nett, and was declared "Below Average" by Box Office India. It was the 15th-highest-grossing film of the year in India.

She next starred as an abandoned girl in the thriller film Tamanna, which marked her first production venture under her Pooja Bhatt Productions. It also won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues. Bhatt began 1997 with a role in Jyoti Prakash Dutta’s ensemble drama Border, the film was released worldwide on 13 June 1997 with positive reviews from critics and garnered critical acclaim for its story, execution, scale, showing off the battle, direction, screenplay, performances and soundtrack. It opened to strong box office results, had a final domestic net total of inr 394000000 and was declared an all-time blockbuster by Box Office India. It also became the highest-grossing Hindi film of 1997 in India, but if according to worldwide, it was the second highest-grossing film of the year behind Dil To Pagal Hai. Border grossed a worldwide total of ₹655.7 million and it was the fourth biggest blockbuster film of the 90s decade.

Bhatt gained further success in (1998) with the film Zakhm, opposite Ajay Devgan, which won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. Zakhm was based on the life of Mahesh Bhatt's mother Shirin Mohammad Ali, while she essayed her character in this film.

From 2003 to 2012, she focused on producing and directing. She made her directorial debut with Paap in 2004, starring John Abraham and Udita Goswami. Since then, she has made four more directorial ventures: Holiday (2006), Dhokha (2007), Kajraare (2010) and Jism 2 (2012).

In 2020, Bhatt returned to acting with Sadak 2, a sequel to the hit 1991 film. Her father returned to directing with this film after 20 years, while her half-sister Alia Bhatt also co-starred alongside her. It was released on 28 August 2020 on the streaming platform Disney+ Hotstar.

In 2021, Bhatt made her web series debut in the Netflix series Bombay Begums. It also featured Amruta Subhash, Shahana Goswami, Plabita Borthakur, Aadhya Anand and Rahul Bose.

title: Pooja Bhatt


text:
Category talk:Space telescopes

Comments
I created the Category:Space telescopes to separate the flying observatories from the grounded ones but that leaves open the question, do we ascribe the Category:Buildings and structures as a grandparent cat from Category:Astronomical observatories it? --Hooperbloob 22:08, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Space telescopes


text:
Mahesh Bhatt

Mahesh Bhatt (born 20 September 1948) is an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter known for his works in Hindi cinema. He has received several accolades, including four National Film Award and three Filmfare Awards. A notable film from his earlier period is Saaransh (1984), screened at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival. It became India's official entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for that year. The 1986 film Naam was his first piece of commercial cinema. In 1987, he turned producer with the film Kabzaa under the banner, "Vishesh Films", with his brother Mukesh Bhatt.

Mahesh went on to become one of the most recognized directors of the Indian film industry in the next decade, giving both art-house works such as Daddy (1989) and Swayam (1991), as well as commercial romantic hits, such as Aashiqui (1990) and Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin (1991), in which he cast Pooja Bhatt with actor Aamir Khan. He next directed Sadak (1991) which was a hit and it remains his highest grossing either directed or produced by Vishesh Films.

During the 1990s Mahesh won critical acclaim for Sir (1993), along with other hits such as Gumraah (1993) and Criminal (1994). In 1994 he won the National Film Award – Special Jury Award for directing Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1993). In 1996, he directed Tamanna, which won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues. In 1999, he directed the autobiographical Zakhm, which has garnered the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. Thereafter, Bhatt and his brother joined hands to establish Vishesh Films and then provided  stories and screenplays for over twenty films, many of which were box-office successes. Bhatt has produced multiple contemporary films such as Raaz (2002), Jism (2003), Murder (2004), Gangster (2006), Woh Lamhe (2006), Jannat (2008), Murder 2 (2011), and Aashiqui 2 (2013). Owing to differences between the brothers, Mukesh took over Vishesh Films and, in May 2021, it was publicly announced that Mahesh was no longer associated with the firm.

Early life
Bhatt was born to Nanabhai Bhatt and Shirin Mohammad Ali. Bhatt's father was a Gujarati Hindu Nagar Brahmin and his mother was a Gujarati Muslim.

Among his siblings is the Indian film producer Mukesh Bhatt. Bhatt did his schooling from Don Bosco High School, Matunga. While still in school, Bhatt started summer jobs to earn money, while also making product advertisements. He was introduced to film director Raj Khosla through acquaintances. Bhatt thus started as an assistant director to Khosla.

Mainstream
At the age of 26, Bhatt made his debut as a director with the film Manzilein Aur Bhi Hain starring Kabir Bedi and Prema Narayan in 1974. His 1979 Lahu Ke Do Rang, starring Shabana Azmi and Vinod Khanna in lead roles, won two Filmfare Awards in 1980: Helen received her first Filmfare as Best Supporting Actress and Madhukar Shinde won it for Best Art Direction. The film did "above average" at the box office. He was noticed and received great critical acclaim with art film Arth (1982), when he turned to his personal life for inspiration but doubt persists as to whether it is an original film. Later, he made many more films taking insights from his personal life wherein he highlighted personal narratives ranging from out-of-wedlock birth to extramarital affair, and created critically acclaimed works such as Janam (1985) and Saaransh (1984), an exploration of an old couple's anxieties in a universe governed by arbitrary violence.

Bhatt had one of his biggest releases with musical romance film Aashiqui (1990), in collaboration with T-Series. The film launched Rahul Roy, Anu Aggarwal, and Deepak Tijori in the lead roles and became a major commercial success due to the hugely popular soundtrack by Nadeem-Shravan, which catapulted the music director duo into stardom. He launched his daughter Pooja Bhatt as a lead actress opposite Aamir Khan in Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin (1991). The film was a commercial success and hugely acclaimed for its soundtrack. Bhatt's directorial Saathi (1991) was the only major success for Aditya Pancholi as a lead actor, thus giving a boost to his career.

Bhatt's biggest release during that time was Sir (1993). The film launched Atul Agnihotri opposite Pooja Bhatt and Naseeruddin Shah was featured in the title role of an aspiring and dedicated teacher. The film was a commercial success and gained critical acclaim for Bhatt's direction and the acting of Shah, Pooja, Agnihotri, and Paresh Rawal. The film had an acclaimed and popular soundtrack by Anu Malik, which gave a boost to the music director's stellar career and he joined the league of top music directors of Bollywood.

In 1995 he moved to television, then a newly opening medium in India. He made two TV series in 1995: the English language A Mouthful of Sky written by Ashok Banker and the popular Hindi language serial Swabhimaan scripted by the writer Shobha De. He directed another TV series, Kabhie Kabhie, in 1997 which was written by Anurag Kashyap, Vinta Nanda and Kamlesh Kunti Singh. Following this, he directed dramas like Dastak (1996), the debut film of Miss Universe 1994-turned-actress Sushmita Sen, and Tamanna (1997), and tried his hand at comedy with Duplicate in 1998. Zakhm (1998) based on the Mumbai riots of 1993.

His last film as director was Kartoos (1999) which did average business at the box office. Thereafter, Bhatt retired as a director and took to screenwriting, churning out stories and screenplays for over twenty films, many of which were box-office successes, like Dushman, Raaz, Murder (2004), Gangster (2006), Woh Lamhe (2006), based on the life of actress Parveen Babi, along with many more. His banner vishesh films still continues operating today as one of Indian Cinemas leading production banners. Bhatt entered into the world of theatre with his protege Imran Zahid as of now he has produced three plays. The Last Salute, based on Muntadhar al-Zaidi's book of the same title, a journalist investigating atrocities Trial of Errors, that opened on 29 March 2013 in Delhi. stage adaptation of Bhatt of his movie, Arth (film). Bhatt also produced The Last Salute, a play directed by Arvind Gaur, based on Muntadhar al-Zaidi's book, starring Imran Zahid.

Other professional work
Bhatt is co-owner of the film production house, Vishesh Films, with his brother, Mukesh Bhatt. However owing to differences between the brothers, Mukesh Bhatt took over Vishesh films and in May 2021, it was publicly announced that Mahesh Bhatt was no more associated with the firm. He is a member of the advisory board of U.S. nonprofit TeachAids.

He has hosted some episodes of two science magazine programmes - Turning Point and Imaging Science on Doordarshan in 1990s.

Bhatt was a member of the Board of Patrons of the Mother Teresa Awards.

Political views
Bhatt believes the Congress party is committed to secularism. In the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, he campaigned in a Karvan-e-Bedari (caravan of awareness) asking people to vote for Congress and defeat BJP's Prime Ministerial candidate Narendra Modi, as he believes that Modi is communal. Bhatt also criticizes the communal record of Congress Party, for its role in 1984 Sikh riots. He is planning to make a film, which will address the riots that took place in Delhi. Mahesh Bhatt supported the Islamic preacher Zakir Naik when the latter was denied entry into the United Kingdom for his controversial comments on terrorism.

Personal life
In 1970, Bhatt married Lorraine Bright (later name changed to Kiran Bhatt). His romance with her was the inspiration for his film Aashiqui. The couple's daughter Pooja is a filmmaker and actress, and son Rahul is an aspiring actor. Bhatt began an affair with 1970s actress, Parveen Babi. The affair did not last long, and Bhatt married Soni Razdan in 1986; to avoid Bhatt having to divorce his first wife, the couple converted to Islam prior to their wedding. They have two daughters, Shaheen and film actress Alia. Alia is an actress having played roles in more than 20 films. Hindi film actor Emraan Hashmi is his cousin Anwar's son, and filmmaker Milan Luthria is his mother Shirin's grand-nephew. He is the maternal uncle of film director Mohit Suri and former actress Smiley Suri.

In the 1970s, he became a follower of Osho, and later found spiritual companionship and guidance with philosopher, U.G. Krishnamurti. Bhatt calls Krishnamurti his lifeline and says "Take him away, and I am empty". Bhatt in 1992 wrote Krishnamurti's biography titled U.G. Krishnamurti, A Life. Apart from this he has edited several books based on conversations with U.G. Krishnamurti. Bhatt's latest book A Taste of Life: The Last Days of U.G. Krishnamurti was published in June 2009.

Legacy
As a director and producer, Mahesh Bhatt has a legacy of mentoring many actors and actresses and launching their careers, giving big names to Bollywood. He is notable for launching the careers of Anupam Kher in Saaransh (1984), Rahul Roy, Anu Aggarwal and Deepak Tijori in Aashiqui (1990), daughter Pooja Bhatt in Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin and Sadak (1991), Atul Agnihotri in Sir (1993), Sonali Bendre in Naaraaz (1994), Samir Soni in A Mouthful of Sky (1995), Sushmita Sen, Manoj Bajpayee, Sharad Kapoor and Mukul Dev in Dastak (1996), Ashutosh Rana in Tamanna (1997), Dushman (1998) and Sangharsh (1999), Aftab Shivdasani in Kasoor (2001), Dino Morea and Bipasha Basu in Raaz (2002), Aparna Tilak in Footpath (2003), Emraan Hashmi in Footpath and Murder (2004), Mallika Sherawat in Murder (2004), Kunal Khemu in Kalyug (2005), Shiney Ahuja and Kangana Ranaut in Gangster and Woh Lamhe (both 2006) and Sunny Leone in Jism 2 (2012).

Bhatt has also given breakthrough to many stars, bringing turning point in their careers. These names include Sanjay Dutt and Kumar Gaurav in Naam (1986), Aditya Pancholi in Saathi (1991), Paresh Rawal in Sir (1993), and Shraddha Kapoor and Aditya Roy Kapoor in Aashiqui 2 (2013).

Bhatt is also known for his choice of music. Nadeem-Shravan had their first hit album in Bollywood with Bhatt's directorial Aashiqui. They would collaborate with Bhatt in more films including Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin, Sadak and Saathi (1991), Junoon (1992), Tadipaar and Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1993). Nadeem-Shravan went on to compose music for several productions of Vishesh Films.

Academy Awards
The Academy Awards, commonly known as the "Oscars", are a set of 23 awards given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences annually for excellence of cinematic achievements.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards is the most prominent film award ceremony in India. Established in 1954, it is administered by the International Film Festival of India and the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals. The awards are presented by the President of India.

Filmfare Awards
The Filmfare Awards are presented annually by The Times Group for excellence of cinematic achievements in Hindi cinema. Kapoor has received seven awards from fourteen nominations.

Zee Cine Awards
The Zee Cine Awards are presented by Zee Entertainment Enterprises for the Hindi film industry. The awards were inaugurated in 1998 and are a mixture of categories decided on by public votes and by an industry jury.

Screen Awards
The Star Screen Awards is a yearly ceremony honouring professional excellence in the Hindi language film industry.

Stardust Awards
The Stardust Awards is a yearly ceremony honouring professional excellence in the Hindi language film industry.

International Indian Film Academy Awards
The International Indian Film Academy Awards (IIFA Awards) are organised by Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. to honour members of the Bollywood film industry.

Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards
Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards commonly referred as BFJA Awards, is given by The Bengal Film Journalists' Association.

title: Mahesh Bhatt


text:
Talk:Bill Boaks

Untitled
I think the lowest vote recorded in a British election was zero, for the Temperence candidate in Ripon, North Yorkshire. Unfortunately I can't find any records to back this up but it was a popular part of local history when I lived there.

 * This was before universal franchise and refers to F.R. Lees, "Temperance Chartist" in an 1860 byelection. Lees did have supporters but they were under the impression that he had withdrawn and the election was unopposed. There are numerous examples of candidates getting tiny numbers of vote pre-1885 but that was in the days when voting was in public and so candidates often withdrew after only a few voters had the oppportunity to vote because it was clear they would not win. Also, some returning officers insisted on formally opening the poll even when candidates had withdrawn, then closing it after a few votes had been cast. Boaks' achievement represents the equal lowest total of any active candidate who actually wanted to win. Dbiv 13:08, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

but when revisions to electoral law allowed candidates to have a six letter description of their candidature on the ballot paper, he settled on "Public Safety Democratic Monarchist White Resident" Shouldn't that be 'six word'? — KayEss | talk 17:23, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

General Problems
This article has some fundamental problems. Having read it, I only barely understand who Bill Boaks (many sources seem to list him as Boakes) is.

For example, he apparently has an infamous armoured tricycle, but the article only mentions it once.

The first thing we learn about his road safety campaign is that he wasn't for the banning of all motor vehicles.

I'd do some cleanup, but I have no sources and can't seem to find any that are this detailed.

gnfnrf (talk) 14:46, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

 * As a political campaigner in the 70s, I remember Boaks well. He was an archetypal English eccentric, held in great affection - even by people who didn't vote for him. This article is accurate as far as I can recall.  I remember a reading a profile/potted biography of him in a national newspaper, possibly The Observer. I imagine a number of newspapers will have material about him in their archives. Sasha (talk) 14:06, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:36, 24 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Billboaks.jpg

title: Talk:Bill Boaks


text:
Talk:Napoleon (Animal Farm)

Wouldn't it be better to have the Animal_Farm characters on its own page instead of having a unique page for each of them? I think that would make it easier to read and prevent stubs, if e.g. Napoleon_(Animal_Farm) was redirected to Animal_Farm. Just an idea.

 * No thanks

Yoda921 11:48, 9 May 2007 (UTC)Yoda

Is Napoleon a villain?
Napoleon is not a villain from literature. There's no proof of that. If there is proof put it in this article.

 * What? It's obvious that Napoleon is the main villain from Animal Farm

Yoda921 13:01, 15 May 2007 (UTC)Yoda

 * Being a satirical allegory the book does not directly state that Napoleon is a villain to mimic the unreliable narration of the media of the USSR at the time until towards the end when it was so plain and obvious that there was no hiding it. OED defines villain as "The character in a play, novel, etc., whose evil motives or actions form an important element in the plot. Also transferred, esp. in villain of the piece." (1. d) and the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines villain as "a deliberate scoundrel or criminal" (2).
 * 1. In chapter 2, the fifth of the Seven Commandments is given as "no animal shall drink alcohol".
 * 2. In chapter 8, a few days after the Battle of the Windmill, a case of whisky was found by the pigs.
 * 3. Later in chapter 8, Napoleon and Squealer were found to be seriously ill with Squealer clearly having symptoms reminiscent of alcohol overdose and Napoleon reportedly being on the verge of death.
 * 4. Given 2 and 3 the story heavily implies that Napoleon, Squealer and likely many other pigs overdosed on alcohol.
 * 5. Napoleon survived the alcohol overdose mentioned in 4.
 * 6. Later in chapter 8, at midnight, Squealer is found with a ladder, white paint, a paintbrush and a lantern after a loud crash.
 * 7. After the event mentioned in 6, Squealer is shielded by dogs.
 * 8. At the end of chapter 8, the words "to excess" are not remembered though apparently are at the end of the fifth commandment mentioned in 1.
 * 9. In chapter 2, it is mentioned that the seven commandments are written in great white letters.
 * 10. Napoleon is in charge of the pigs and the dogs.
 * 11. Given 1-10, the story heavily implies that Squealer, under the orders of Napoleon, changed the fifth commandment to only mention drinking alcohol in excess, presumably after the pigs took a liking to the alcohol.
 * 12. Given 11, this makes Napoleon disreputable and therefore a scoundrel and, because the action he took to be thought of as disreputable was clearly deliberate, he is a villain according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
 * 13. Napoleon is in a novella, a short novel.
 * 14. Napoleon is a major character in animal farm.
 * 15. Napoleon is the leader of Animal Farm in chapter 8 and controls many aspects of the farm.
 * 16. Given 14 and 15 Napoleon's actions clearly can form an important element in the plot
 * 17. Given 12, Napoleon is morally bad.
 * 18. Given 13, 16 and 17, Napoleon is a villain according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
 * This shows that in the respective authoritative dictionaries for British English and American English, which covers the nationalities of the author and of the founders of Wikipedia, Napoleon is a villain. This is heavily implied in the book and his actions throughout the book and just the actions mentioned in the article. This means that no change is needed to the article.
 * Sources: https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?scope=Entries&q=evil, https://www.oed.com/dictionary/villain_n?tab=meaning_and_use#15584997, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/villain, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scoundrel and of course the book which is found easily including at https://ia600905.us.archive.org/25/items/AnimalFarmByGeorgeOrwell/Animal%20Farm%20by%20George%20Orwell.pdf.
 * TL;DR: Animal Farm heavily implies that Napoleon is the main villain through his many actions.
 * Arcchie (talk) 17:19, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

I don't understand what you mean by "not a villain," if you read the book you would understand that Napolean is the villanious dictator that repersents the Russian opressor. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.214.100.165 (talk) 06:01, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Who cares? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.169.31.252 (talk) 15:33, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Erm, maybe fans of Animal Farm. B*tch. Furthermore of course Napoleon is a villain, it's like saying "Is there any proof that Hitler was evil? --Jupiter Optimus Maximus (talk) 17:09, 29 September 2008 (UTC)

lol. such violency currupts. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.131.234.107 (talk) 23:15, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

To answer the question, you must answer" How is Napoleon not evil? Why not? How is he not?"--2406:3003:2004:2550:3491:22D5:89DE:71E (talk) 08:11, 6 July 2021 (UTC)Italic text--2406:3003:2004:2550:3491:22D5:89DE:71E (talk) 08:11, 6 July 2021 (UTC)

Stalin and industrialization
I am pretty sure that Stalin was for industrilization just like Trotsky.

First appearance of Napoleon in Animal Farm.
Just informing everyone that I am going to change the chapter that Napoleon first appeared to be chapter 2 as that is actually when he first appeared, despite being the villain of Animal Farm as the first chapter only mentioned Old Major's speech and didn't mention Napoleon or Snowball. --BanzaiSi (talk) 16:54, 11 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Napoleon (Animal Farm)


text: User talk:81.156.132.98

title: User talk:81.156.132.98


text:
São Paulo–Congonhas Airport

São Paulo/Congonhas–Deputado Freitas Nobre Airport  is one of the four commercial airports serving São Paulo, Brazil. The airport is named after the neighborhood where it is located, called Vila Congonhas, property of the descendants of Lucas Antônio Monteiro de Barros (1767–1851), Viscount of Congonhas do Campo, first president of the province of São Paulo after the independence of Brazil in 1822, during the Empire. In turn, the Viscount's domain was named after the plural of a shrub known in Brazil as congonha-do-campo (Luxemburgia polyandra, of the Ochnaceae family). Since June 19, 2017, it is officially named after Deputy José Freitas Nobre. The name Congonhas, however, remains mostly used. It is owned by the City of São Paulo.

The airport is operated by AENA.

Congonhas has slot restrictions operating with a maximum of 30 operations/hour, being one of the five airports with such restrictions in Brazil. In 2022, it was the second busiest airport in Brazil by passenger traffic, after São Paulo–Guarulhos.

The central hall of the passenger terminal is considered one of the most outstanding examples of modern architecture in São Paulo. However, modernizing and enlargement work has been conducted at the terminal from 2003 onwards, while trying to preserve the look of the older, historic section. Today the main terminal has 51,535 m2 (554,718 sq.ft) of space.

History
The airport was initially planned in 1919, but it did not open until 12 April 1936. The site was outside the built-up urban area at the time, and it was chosen because it had favourable winds and lay on a high hill with little vegetation. The airport was opened with a 300-metre (984-ft.) long dirt runway. In the beginning it was the private airport of VASP, built as an alternative to Campo de Marte which, already at that time, had operational difficulties. VASP started services to Rio de Janeiro on 5 August 1936, advertising two daily round trips of 90 minutes' flight time in each direction, starting a route that would eventually become one of the world's busiest. By 1957, the airport was the third busiest in the world for air cargo. During the 1950s, Congonhas served all international flights to/from São Paulo, as its runways could accommodate the Lockheed Constellations, Douglas DC-6s, and Douglas DC-7s in use at that time. As early jets such as the Convair 880, Convair 990, Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 were bought by airlines, all long-haul travel shifted to Viracopos Airport, and the European airlines left Congonhas forever.

On 21 May 1959, a formal agreement between Varig, Cruzeiro do Sul and VASP created the shuttle service to Rio de Janeiro that made the airport famous, being the first of its kind in the world. The service was called Air Bridge (Ponte Aérea), inspired on the Berlin Airlift; its first flight was operated on 6 July 1959. It operated between Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont and Congonhas Airports and comprised regular departures, usually every half-hour, a common check-in counter and simplified tickets and formalities. The service was an instant success. Sadia, later known as Transbrasil, joined the partnership in 1968. In 1999 the service was discontinued, as more competitive economic times made airlines decide to operate their services independently on that route.

Until 1985, Congonhas was the main airport of São Paulo operating domestic flights, as well as international service to neighbouring countries such as Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Peru and Bolivia. Due to Congonhas' short runways, unable to accommodate most long-haul jets, intercontinental flights required changing planes at Rio de Janeiro–Galeão or were operated at Viracopos Airport. However, Viracopos' distant location, in Campinas, 97 km from downtown São Paulo, made that choice inconvenient both for passengers and for airlines, so a connection in Rio was usually preferred.

Since the opening of Guarulhos Airport in 1985, international flights no longer operate from Congonhas, and domestic operations have undergone restrictions. Congonhas remains important to the city for regional and short-distance domestic flights. Given the concentration of Brazil's economy in the Central-Southern region, where São Paulo is located, such flights make up the greatest share of the country's domestic air traffic. Therefore, even after Guarulhos International Airport was opened, Congonhas continued to face congestion problems, regarding both the number of passengers and the number of flight operations. Yet the convenience of its short distance from downtown and from the major business areas of Paulista, Faria Lima and Luís Carlos Berrini avenues still makes Congonhas a favorite of passengers, especially business travelers.

The airport administrator, Infraero, started in 2003 a comprehensive renovation plan of the airport complex. A remodeling of departure and arrival halls with installation of 12 jetways was completed on 15 August 2004. In December 2005, a new parking garage was opened. The runways were resurfaced between February and September 2007. Runway length has not been extended because of the rapid growth of São Paulo, which has completely surrounded the airport.

The airport has been troubled by slippery runways and has had several accidents where water accumulation has been a significant factor, the most notable being the one involving TAM Airlines Flight 3054 on 17 July 2007: although the main runway had been repaved in June 2007, its new rainwater drainage grooves were only finished in September 2007. As a consequence of this accident and the subsequent public outcry for better safety performance and noise reduction, the airport's operations were significantly altered, through restrictions in the number of landing slots, flight distances, and operating times (presently from 6:00 to 22:30 hours). Furthermore, the maximum allowable gross weight of aircraft was reduced.

The largest aircraft now operating at Congonhas are the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737-800. However, in the past the airport used to have operations with Douglas DC-8 Vasp Cargo, Airbus A300 wide-body aircraft, by the now-defunct airlines Cruzeiro do Sul, Varig, VASP and Boeing 767-200 of also former Trans-Brasil.

In 2008 Congonhas lost its designation as an international airport.

On 31 August 2009, Infraero unveiled a BRL164.7 million (US$86.8 million; EUR 60.8 million) investment plan to up-grade Congonhas Airport focusing on the preparations for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which were held in Brazil, São Paulo being one of the venue cities. The investment involved a new control tower, renovation of the apron, conclusion of the renovation on the south portion of the passenger terminal, and renovation of the north portion of the passenger terminal.

Previously operated by Infraero, on August 18, 2022, the consortium AENA won a 30-year concession to operate the airport.

Airlines and destinations
Note:
 * Flights operated with Voepass equipment on behalf of LATAM Brasil.
 * Flights temporarily being operated at Canoas Air Force Base.

Statistics
Following is the number of passenger, aircraft and cargo movements at the airport, according to Infraero (2007-2022) and AENA (2023) reports:

Accidents and incidents

 * 18 August 1941: a Panair do Brasil Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBD en route from Curitiba-Bacacheri to São Paulo–Congonhas crashed on the Cantareira mountain range near São Paulo. 8 out of 13 passengers and crew aboard died.
 * 28 September 1942: a Panair do Brasil Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBG en route from Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont to São Paulo–Congonhas crashed on the location of Pedra Branca, near Santo André. All 15 passengers and crew died.
 * 31 August 1944: a Panair do Brasil Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBI crashed while on night approach to São Paulo–Congonhas under heavy fog. All 16 occupants died.
 * 13 March 1948: a Cruzeiro do Sul Douglas DC-3 registration PP-CBX flying to São Paulo–Congonhas crashed on Cantareira Range, near São Paulo. All 6 passengers and crew aboard died.
 * 8 September 1951: a VASP Douglas C-47 registration PP-SPQ struck a house after take-off from São Paulo–Congonhas and crashed. Thirteen passengers and crew and three persons on the ground died.
 * 13 May 1952: a VASP Douglas C-47 registration PP-SPM operating a flight from São Paulo–Congonhas to Bauru lost control when carrying out an emergency landing following an engine failure. Two crew members and 3 passengers died.
 * 17 June 1953: a Panair do Brasil Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PDA operating flight 263 crashed on final approach to São Paulo–Congonhas. Apparently causes are related to night operations with little visibility. All 17 passengers and crew died.
 * 4 June 1954: a Varig Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando registration PP-VBZ operating a cargo flight between São Paulo–Congonhas and Porto Alegre crashed during take-off from São Paulo. All crew of 3 died.
 * 23 September 1959: a VASP Saab 90 Scandia registration PP-SQV en route from São Paulo–Congonhas to Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont during climb after take-off did not gain enough height and crashed $1 1/2$ minutes out of São Paulo, killing all 20 passengers and crew.
 * 15 January 1963: a Cruzeiro do Sul Convair CV-240 registration PP-CEV on approach to Paulo-Congonhas crashed into houses in the neighborhood of Jabaquara after an engine failed. Of the 45 passengers and crew aboard, 6 died. Six persons on the ground were also killed.
 * 3 May 1963: a Cruzeiro do Sul Convair 340 registration PP-CDW flying from São Paulo–Congonhas to Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont had to return to São Paulo after no. 2 engine caught fire. When on finals to touch down, the aircraft nosed up 45°, stalled and struck a house. Of the 50 passengers and crew aboard, 37 died.
 * 30 May 1972: a Varig Lockheed L-188 Electra registration PP-VJL operating a flight between São Paulo–Congonhas and Porto Alegre was hijacked. The hijacker demanded money. The aircraft was stormed and the hijacker was shot.
 * 27 February 1975: a VASP Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante registration PP-SBE operating flight 640 from São Paulo–Congonhas to Bauru crashed after take-off from Congonhas. The 2 crew members and 13 passengers died.
 * 31 October 1996: a TAM Airlines Fokker 100 registration PT-MRK and operating flight 402 from São Paulo–Congonhas to Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont crashed on urban area during take-off procedures and after engine no.2 suffering an uncommanded reverse thrust and thus losing power, stalled, yawed to the right and struck a building. All 95 passengers and crew on board and 4 people on the ground died.
 * 9 July 1997: a TAM Airlines Fokker 100 registration PT-WHK operating flight 283 en route from São José dos Campos to São Paulo–Congonhas was climbing after take-off from São José dos Campos when a bomb exploded in the rear part of the passenger cabin. The uncontrolled decompression blew one passenger out of the aircraft. The aircraft made a successful emergency landing in São Paulo, despite the hole in the fuselage.
 * 16 July 2007: Pantanal Linhas Aéreas Flight 4763 to Juiz de Fora, an ATR 42, veered off Runway 17R after landing in light rain. The aircraft struck a light pole, a concrete box, and pavement of an adjacent taxiway, collapsing the nose landing gear. None of the 25 passengers and crew were injured, but the aircraft was written off. The accident was attributed to hydroplaning and the pilot's inappropriate rudder pedal inputs in reaction to this condition.
 * 17 July 2007: a TAM Airlines Airbus A320 registration PR-MBK operating TAM Flight 3054 from Porto Alegre to São Paulo–Congonhas overran the 35L runway while landing at Congonhas, crossed a major thoroughfare and impacted against a TAM Express warehouse. All 187 passengers and crew and 12 on the ground perished. 199 bodies were recovered from the crash site, including passengers, crew and people that were working at the warehouse. It remains the deadliest aviation accident in Brazilian territory. In 2022 the airport installed EMAS Engineered materials arrestor system from RunwaySafe group to avoid future overrun accidents.

Access
The airport is located 8 km from downtown São Paulo, at Washington Luís Avenue, in the district of Campo Belo.

Azul Brazilian Airlines offers free bus transfers for its passengers between Congonhas and Campinas-Viracopos International Airport during regular times.

Gol Airlines and TAM Airlines offer free bus transfers for their passengers between Congonhas and Guarulhos/Gov. André Franco Montoro Airport airports during regular times.

Further bus transportation is also available through the Airport Bus Service, an executive bus line, administered by EMTU and operated by Consórcio Internorte – Área 3. This service provides transportation between Guarulhos and Congonhas airports, via Tietê Bus Terminal, Palmeiras-Barra Funda Intermodal Terminal, Itaim Bibi, Praça da República, Tatuapé Metro Station and the circuit of hotels along Avenida Paulista and Rua Augusta. The ride takes about one hour, depending on traffic.

title: São Paulo–Congonhas Airport


text:
Aishwarya

Aishwarya (ऐश्वर्य) is a Hindu Indian and Nepali male or feminine given name, which means "prosperity" and "wealth".

Notable people named Aishwarya

 * Aishwarya Rajya Lakshmi Devi Shah (1949–2001), Queen of Nepal from 1972 to 2001
 * Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran (born 1971), Indian actress
 * Aishwarya Rai Bachchan (born 1973), Indian actress, model and winner of the 1994 Miss World pageant
 * Aishwarya Dhanush (born 1982), Indian film director and classical dancer
 * Aishwarya Sakhuja (born 1987), Indian actress and former model
 * Aishwarya Nigam (born 1989), Indian singer
 * Aishwarya Arjun (born 1990), Indian actress
 * Aishwarya Lekshmi (born 1990), Indian actress, model
 * Aishwarya Rajesh (born 1990), Indian actress
 * Aishwarya Vidhya Raghunath (born 1991), Indian vocalist
 * Aishwarya Sharma (born 1992), Indian television actress
 * Aishwarya Devan (born 1993), Indian actress
 * Aishwarya Majmudar (born 1993), Indian singer
 * Aishwarya Rao (born 1994), Indian bowling player
 * Aishwarya Nedunchezhiyan (born 1996), Indian sailor

Notable people named Ashvarya

 * Ashvarya Shrivastava (born 1992), Indian professional tennis player

title: Aishwarya


text:
Edward Huber

Edward Huber  (September 1, 1837, Dover, Indiana – August 26, 1904, Marion, Ohio) was an American inventor and industrialist.

Huber established his role in the modernization of American agriculture when he invented a “revolving hay rake” (patented in 1863) that allowed one man to do in three hours what three men could do in a day. Relocating to Marion, Ohio, Huber patented his hay rake and began a full line of agricultural implements. Huber's production lines ran only in second to that of Cyrus McCormick, the inventor of the McCormick reaper. Huber also began to build and market affordable steam tractors, and was the first producer of modern gasoline-powered tractors.

Eventually, Huber entered the heavy construction equipment market by pioneering the use of weighted rollers on his steam engines meeting the needs of modern road leveling and grading.

This company was eventually combine with Bucyrus-based WARCO Industries to form the Huber-WARCO Corporation of America. Huber-Warco was ultimately taken over by Dresser Industries, which closed the production facilities in Marion. Huber, a division of Enterprise Fabrications, Inc., then operated in Iberia, Ohio until 2009 when they were closed after a hostile take over by Louisiana Crane Company. The Huber brand appears to be being dissolved by Louisiana Crane Company.

Edward Huber is also known for providing seed capital to Henry Barnhart, who was seeking to build a better steam shovel in the 19th century. Once capitalized and incorporated in 1884, Marion Steam Shovel (later Marion Power Shovel) became the leading producer of shovels and draglines in the United States until cheaper, foreign made products forced the closure of Marion Power Shovel in the 1980s. Nevertheless, Marion Steam Shovel's contributions can not be overlooked and include their use almost exclusively in digging the Panama Canal, and NASA's launch creepers that helped move the Apollo Rockets into launch position.

Edward Huber died, aged 66, and was interred in St. Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Marion, Ohio.

title: Edward Huber


text:
Puckett

Puckett is a surname of French Huguenot origin, an anglicized form of French surnames such as Pouquette or Pouquet meaning "the son of Pouque" or Puck. It is found mostly in North America and the British Isles with the mass emigration of Huguenot families following the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

People

 * Aaron Jennings Puckett (born 1994), American rapper known as Lil Aaron
 * Casey Puckett (born 1972), American alpine skier
 * Charlie Puckett (1911–2002), Australian baseballer and cricketer
 * Clinton A. Puckett (1926–2002), American Marine, 6th Sergeant Major of the United States Marine Corps
 * Elliott Puckett, American drag queen
 * Gary Puckett (born 1942), lead singer of Gary Puckett & The Union Gap, an American rock band from the 1960s
 * Joel Puckett (born 1977), American composer of concert music
 * Kirby Puckett (1960–2006), American baseball player
 * Matthew Puckett, American songwriter
 * Max Puckett (1935–1991), Australian baseballer and cricketer
 * Miller Puckette (born 1959), American academic
 * Phillip Puckett (born 1947), American politician, Virginia state senator
 * Ralph Puckett (1926–2024), United States Army Ranger in the Korean War
 * Riley Puckett (1894–1946), American country music pioneer
 * Tim Puckett (born 1962), American amateur astronomer

Fictional characters

 * Sam Puckett (iCarly), from the TV show iCarly
 * Sam Puckett (Sam & Cat), from the TV show Sam & Cat
 * Red Puckett, from the movie Hoodwinked!

title: Puckett


text:
Talk:Frank Miller (Canadian politician)

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- KenWalker | Talk 06:17, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

"Premier" or "premier"
Here's what Manual of Style has to say:

 * Titles
 * Titles such as president, king, or emperor start with a capital letter when used as a title (followed by a name): "President Nixon", not "president Nixon". When used generically, they should be in lower case: "De Gaulle was the French president." The correct formal name of an office is treated as a proper noun. Hence: "Hirohito was Emperor of Japan". Similarly "Louis XVI was the French king" but "Louis XVI was King of France", King of France being a title in that context. (Reference: Chicago Manual of Style 14th ed., par. 7.16; The Guardian Manual of Style (http://www.guardian.co.uk/styleguide/page/0,5817,184841,00.html), "Titles" keyword.) Exceptions may apply for specific offices.

 * In the case of "prime minister", either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. Again, when being used generically, no capital letter is used: "There are many prime ministers around the world." When reference is made to a specific office, upper case is generally used: "The British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, said today..." (However to complicate matters, some style manuals, while saying "The British Prime Minister", recommend "British prime minister". A good rule of thumb is whether a definite article (the) or an indefinite article (a) is used. If the is used, use "Prime Minister". If a is used, go with "prime minister".)

Member of the United Church of Canada
I remember his funeral was conducted in St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church in Bracebridge...was he a United Church Member??

 * According to the Canadian Parliamentary Guide (1986 edition), he was. CJCurrie 23:43, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

 * VERRRY INTERESTING....Bacl-presby 16:02, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * His Who's Who listing also indicated being of the United Church. 65.92.200.53 01:06, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frank Miller (Canadian politician)


text:
Rennes-les-Bains

Rennes-les-Bains (Los Banhs de Rènnas) is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.

Bathers have enjoyed the natural hot spring waters for thousands of years - they are still used today as a cure for rheumatism and certain skin problems. Today, it is a modern thermal spa with the latest equipment. Due to a microbe found in the piping of the old baths they have been closed and a new hospital built which gets its water from another source. Due to its enormous popularity the 'Bains Forts', an old 'lavoir' where young people have bathed for the last 40 years, have been cemented in and closed indefinitely. This event has led some to rename Rennes-les-Bains, Rennes-sans-Bains.

Geography
Rennes-les-Bains is located in the valley of the River Sals, 48 km from Carcassonne, 20 km from Limoux, and 3 km from Rennes-le-Château.

History
The origins of Rennes-les-Bains go back to Antiquity. Archaeological artifacts indicate that the spa was at one time popular with the Roman colony in Colonia Narbo Martius (Narbonne).

Traditionally the serving doctor of the village is also the historian. As of 2007 the current doctor is Dr André Authier who has written one book and co-authored another on "thermalisme".

Miscellaneous
Rennes-les-Bains is known for another reason, however: it is mentioned numerous times in many books about Rennes-le-Chateau, famous now also because of Dan Brown's novel The Da Vinci Code. Subsequently, the author Kate Mosse set the larger part of her 2007 novel Sepulchre in the immediate vicinity.

Abbé Henri Boudet was the parish priest of Rennes-les-Bains at the same time that Bérenger Saunière was the incumbent of Rennes-le-Château. Boudet's strange book, La vraie langue celtique et le cromleck de Rennes-les-Bains (1886) argued that all languages were derived from the English tongue whereby the Abbé tried to establish his theory through the use of puns.

In 1832 a book by Auguste de Labouïsse-Rochefort entitled Voyages à Rennes-les-Bains first referred to a treasure located at Mont Blanchefort, whereby a story was told about a wizard who nearly succeeded in taking the purse-strings of the Devil, but failed because the local villagers did not help him at the crucial moment - Auguste de Labouïsse-Rochefort had married a daughter of a millionaire that had lost his fortune.

In Les Amours, A Éléonore, recueil D’élégies divisé en Trois Livres (1817), Auguste de Labouïsse-Rochefort had the motto "Et in Arcadia ego" placed on its title page; this was a reference to the Academy of Arcadia that was formed in Italy in 1690 - Labouïsse-Rochefort later became a member of the Academy in 1832.

Since July 1985 the village has been twinned with the city of Rennes in Brittany.

title: Rennes-les-Bains


text:
Optochin

Optochin (or ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride) is a derivative of quinine introduced in 1911 by Morgenroth and Levy with the intention to treat pneumococci infection. In very high dilutions, it inhibits the growth of representatives of all four groups of pneumococci in vitro. That is the main reason it is now used in bacteriology for the differentiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is optochin-sensitive, from the other, resistant alpha-hemolytic streptococci, sometimes called the viridans streptococci because of the green colouration on blood agar around colonies.

The growth of bacteria that are optochin-sensitive will show a zone of inhibition around an optochin disc, while the growth of bacteria that are resistant to optochin will not be affected. In vitro, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1:10,000,000 will inhibit the growth of pneumococci, and 1:500,000 is bactericidal.

Resistance
For decades, Streptococcus pneumoniae has been considered susceptible to optochin; but some strains have been found to be resistant to optochin in laboratory testing. This is notable because the emergence of optochin-resistant strains would invalidate the distinguishing test described above.

title: Optochin


text:
Talk:You'll Never Walk Alone

Fringe claims regarding Manchester United and Old Trafford
@Spiderfreezone, I am politely requesting that you familiarize yourself with our guideline regarding significant opinions and WP:FRINGE claims. A reliable source alone is not always enough for a statement to be notable by Wikipedia standards. That is because some claims and contrary opinions are not accepted by mainstream sources. You are giving significant weight to an unsubstantiated statement by Jane Hardwick who asserts that as a teenager she performed You'll Never Walk Alone at an unspecified game following the Munich air disaster and "soon the whole ground was singing it", bringing people to tears. There are serious problems with this report. Firstly, Hardwick is the only person making this assertion - no independent person has ever stepped forward supporting her anecdotal account and there is not a scrap of documentary evidence it ever happened (eg. newspaper reports, match day magazine notes). On the contrary, authors such as Jim White have investigated similar claims that YNWA was performed at Old Trafford following the Munich air crash yet discovered zero evidence to support them. Secondly, Hardwick herself has since cast doubt on the reliability of the Manchester Evening News article, leading Graham Phythian to report that her printed remarks were exaggerated. Most crucially of all, the overwhelming vast majority of reliable sources pay no heed to Jane Hardwick and contemporary historians tracing the history of this song pay even less attention to her. So I must insist in accordance with Wikipedia guidelines that you produce a considerable number of references, including specialist sources, that afford significant weight to Hardwick's uncorroborated account. — Niche-gamer 19:46, 31 July 2019 (UTC)

However I note that the Liverpool FC section of the article provides no specialist sources as citations either. In fact it relies solely on newspaper references and also oral accounts that are unsubstantiated. So either these are acceptable references or they arent? Jicque (talk) 19:14, 19 March 2020 (UTC)

It is wise to note that there is video footage showing United fans in the old Stretford End singing You'll Never Walk Alone. This would help back the claims of Jane Hardwick, which means it could possibly have been sung in 1958 after the tragic Munich Air Disaster, before it was adopted by Liverpool in 1963. There are also many others online who claim they were there, and that it was sung throughout the 60s 70s and even as recently as the 80s, but it wasn't recognized because of the success of Liverpool during that era. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C7:1F0B:D900:89C6:9F49:CE64:48E3 (talk) 17:21, 11 May 2020 (UTC)

You’ll Never Walk Alone86.158.108.215 (talk) 15:58, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
Fans of Liverpool FC were the third uk football Team supporters to sing this song. Manchester United were first post the Munich air disaster, Celtic FC fans were next then Liverpool. Celtic fans were the first team to continually sing this song. There is a long history of Liverpool fans copying the trend setting Celtic fc fans, from the huddle to the fields of athenry.

title: Talk:You'll Never Walk Alone


text:
Roger Lapham

Roger Dearborn Lapham (December 6, 1883 – April 16, 1966) was a shipowner and businessman who served as the 32nd mayor of San Francisco from 1944 to 1948.

Life and career
Lapham was born in New York City, the son of Antoinette N. (née Dearborn) and businessman Lewis Henry Lapham. He was educated at Harvard, and a member of the Pacific Union Club.

In the summer of 1918, Lapham was a captain of infantry with the American Expeditionary Force in World War I.

In 1925, he was president of the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company.

In 1927, Lapham was a founder of the Cypress Point golf course on the Monterey Peninsula.

Lapham championed the employers' position in the 1936 waterfront strike and was elevated as a "business" Mayor by a member of the Police Commission, J. Ward Maillard, after collapse of the Angelo Rossi constituency. Upon taking the mayor's seat, Lapham declared his intention to serve only one term. According to Radebaugh, Lapham was "so convinced of the employers' cause that he took on Harry Bridges, leader of the striking (C.I.O.) Congress of Industrial Organizations longshoremen, in public debate."

During World War II, Lapham was the industry representative on the National War Labor Board, but resigned to run for mayor of San Francisco.

Lapham presided over the formation of one of San Francisco's perennial Charter Review Commissions and the consolidation of the private street railway systems into municipal ownership. Though the private franchises were set to expire in a few years, Lapham drove a horsecar up Market Street to launch a campaign for a Charter Amendment to purchase the private streetcar lines. Lapham was blamed for his plan of reducing the principal by spending the increased streetcar incomes during the war years and neglecting upkeep and maintenance of the rolling stock.

In 1945 Lapham stood firm in the face of a strike threat by a group of city employees protesting the hiring of a Nisei man named Miyama who had been interned at the Tule Lake Relocation Center.

Lapham was subject to the first recall attempt in city history due to his increasing of streetcar fares in July 1946. Lapham himself signed the recall petition and urged others to sign it to bring the issue to a vote. The recall was fought by all four daily newspapers and failed by 32,000 votes at a special election. In 1947 he attempted to scrap the city's cable car system, claiming it was too expensive. This idea was abandoned in the face of protests, led by Friedel Klussmann, and the city retains the cable cars to this day. Lapham also presided over the founding of the United Nations at the first meeting of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, in April 1945. The meetings were held at the War Memorial Opera House.

Lapham encouraged the formation of the Council for Civic Unity and he appointed the first Asian to the Recreation Commission and the first African American to the Housing Authority. After leaving the mayor's seat, he acted as chief of the post-war Economic Cooperation Administration for China, and later Greece.

Personal life
On 30 October 1907, Lapham married Helen B. Abbot in Brooklyn, New York.

Lapham was the father of shipping and banking executive Lewis A. Lapham (1909-1995) and Roger D. Lapham Jr. (1918-2000), the paternal grandfather of Harper's Magazine editor Lewis H. Lapham, and the maternal uncle of actor Christopher Lloyd. He also had two daughters, Carol Lapham Valentine (1910-2009) and Edna Lapham Van Oosten (1912-1987).

He is a descendant of John Lapham (1677-1734) and his wife Mary Russell Lapham (1683-1752). His cousins through the Lapham family include Elbridge G. Lapham, a Congressman and Senator from New York; Nathan Lapham, a New York State Senator; and Susan B. Anthony, Women's Rights Activist and Suffragist.

title: Roger Lapham


text:
Pukwana

Pukwana may refer to:

 * Pukwana, South Dakota, USA
 * Pukwana Beach, Wisconsin, USA
 * Dudu Pukwana (1938–1990), South African saxophonist, composer and pianist

title: Pukwana


text:
Pulteney

Pulteney may refer to:

Places

 * Pulteney, New York in the United States
 * Pulteney, Wick in Scotland
 * Pulteney Street in Adelaide, Australia

Other uses

 * Pulteney (surname)
 * Pulteney Grammar School in Adelaide, South Australia
 * Old Pulteney distillery in Wick, Caithness

title: Pulteney