text:
List of townships in Prince Edward Island

This is a list of townships, known as "lots", for the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, some of which also act as Prince Edward Island's census subdivisions.

History
After being ceded the island in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Great Britain immediately sought to bring its own settlers to occupy the vacated Acadian holdings. In 1764, Great Britain ordered a survey of what was then called St. John's Island which was completed in 1766. As with other surveys of Britain's North American territories, the survey of St. John's Island was done with the primary goal of encouraging settlement at minimal cost to the treasury. A feudal system was proposed, along the lines of the European experience with lease-tenure.

Three counties of roughly 500,000 acres (2,000 km2): Prince, Queens, and Kings; were surveyed (Kings County being the smallest), each of which had a "royalty" or shire town. Each county was subdivided into five 100,000 acre (400 km2) parishes (for the Church of England) - Kings County having four parishes on account of its smaller size - and each parish was further subdivided into roughly 20,000 acre (80 km2) townships or "lots". Each township/lot were to be granted to individuals with certain conditions of settlement (i.e. personally finance and transport settlers to the island; settlers would be obliged to clear land for their farms and pay annual quitrents which, over time would pay off the initial outlay of the owner and eventually turn a profit). Since more individuals were interested than there were lots available, the government of Great Britain devised a lottery for the sixty four (of sixty seven) lots being granted.

St. John's Island was renamed to Prince Edward Island on November 29, 1798. After a contentious century of conflict between property owners/landlords (many of whom were absentee) and the largely poor peasant leaseholders, the last of the property owners was bought out in the 19th century after financing was made available to the Government of Prince Edward Island expressly for buying out the landlords under Prince Edward Island's Terms of Union for entry into Confederation on July 1, 1873.

For further information, see A Brief Summary of the History of Prince Edward Island - taken from Hutchinson's Prince Edward Island Directory, 1864.

Today, the townships/lots continue to exist on paper and in maps as Prince Edward Island's census subdivisions.


text:
Clifford Olson

Clifford Robert Olson Jr. (January 1, 1940 – September 30, 2011) was a convicted Canadian serial killer who confessed to murdering 11 children and teenagers between the ages of 9 and 18 in the early 1980s.

In 1976, Olson was serving a sentence for his crimes as a con artist and was placed as a cellmate of Gary Francis Marcoux. He had obtained favourable terms for himself by acting as an informant against Marcoux, even coaxing his cellmate into a written confession. However, Olson said it was discussions with Marcoux that led to his sexual interest in children and murderous intents.

Murders
Christine Weller, 12, from Surrey, British Columbia, was abducted on November 17, 1980. Her body was found more than a month later on Christmas Day; she had been strangled with a belt and stabbed repeatedly. On April 16, 1981, Colleen Marian Daignault, 13, vanished. Five months later her body was found. On April 22, 1981, Daryn Todd Johnsrude, 16, was abducted and killed; his body was found less than two weeks later. On May 19, 1981, 16-year-old Sandra Wolfsteiner was kidnapped and murdered, and 13-year-old Ada Anita Court was murdered in June 1981.

Six victims followed in quick succession in July 1981. Simon Partington, nine, was abducted, raped and strangled on July 2, 1981. Judy Kozma, a 14-year-old from New Westminster, was raped and strangled a week later. Her body was discovered on July 25 near Weaver Lake. The next victims were Raymond King II, 15, abducted on July 23, raped and bludgeoned to death; Sigrun Arnd, an 18-year-old German tourist, raped and bludgeoned two days later; Terri Lyn Carson, 15, raped and strangled on July 27; and Louise Chartrand, age 17, the last victim identified, who died on July 30.

Arrest and plea bargain
Olson, who had an extensive criminal history, was arrested on August 12, 1981, on suspicion of attempting to abduct two girls. By August 25, Olson had been charged with the murder of Judy Kozma. He reached a controversial deal with authorities, agreeing to confess to the 11 murders and show the RCMP the location of the bodies of those not yet recovered. In return, authorities agreed that C$10,000 for each victim was paid into a trust for his wife, Joan, and then-infant son, Clifford III. His wife received C$100,000 after Olson cooperated with the RCMP, the 11th body being a "freebie". In January 1982, Olson pleaded guilty to 11 counts of murder and was given as many concurrent life sentences to be served in Canada's super-maximum security Special Handling Unit in Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec, which houses many of the country's most dangerous criminals.

Olson scored 38/40 on the Psychopathy Checklist according to forensic psychiatrist Stanley Semrau, who interviewed Olson at length in prison.

In 1983 Gordon Taylor introduced a private member's bill in the House of Commons of Canada mandating Olson's execution, notwithstanding his 1982 sentence and Canada's 1976 abolition of capital punishment for murder. Numerous petitions supporting the bill were laid before the house, before it was ruled out of order in 1984 as a bill of attainder.

Parole application
At his sentencing January 14, 1982, Justice McKay, the trial judge remarked, "My considered opinion is that you should never be granted parole for the remainder of your days. It would be foolhardy to let you at large."

In 1997, Olson was denied parole, for which he applied under Canada's "faint hope clause", which allowed a parole hearing for convicts who had served at least 15 years.

Canadian law allows inmates convicted of first-degree murder to apply for parole after serving a minimum of 25 years. Olson's second parole hearing, on July 18, 2006, was also denied. Olson made many bizarre and false claims, including that the United States had granted him clemency for providing information about the September 11 attacks and that the hearing had no jurisdiction over him because of that. Under Canadian law, Olson was then entitled to make a case for parole every two years.

Olson was once again refused parole in November 2010.

Old Age Security pension controversy
Controversy developed in March 2010 when the media disclosed that Olson was receiving two federal government benefits from Canada while imprisoned, a total of C$1,169.47 monthly. Olson was eligible to receive the Canadian Old Age Security (OAS) pension. All persons who meet residency requirements as to length of time in Canada are eligible to receive this pension at age 65, and Olson turned 70 on January 1, 2010. Olson was also eligible to receive the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), awarded to pensioners with low income. The money in question was being held in trust for Olson.

The Canadian Taxpayers Federation testified before the federal standing committee for Human Resources Development to have MPs pass Bill C-31, which would terminate pension benefits for prisoners. The organization also presented the government with 46,000 petition signatures requesting that Olson no longer receive the benefits. Prime Minister Stephen Harper asked government officials to look into the issue; on June 1, 2010, the government moved to terminate Olson's payments, calling the fact that he had been receiving them "outrageous" and "offensive". In September 2010, Olson sent one of his Old Age Security cheques to a Sun Media reporter, Peter Worthington, with a note asking him to forward the cheque to Harper's campaign for re-election.

Illness and death
In September 2011, media reports indicated that Olson had terminal cancer and had been transferred to a hospital in Laval, Quebec. He died on September 30, 2011, at the age of 71.

In the media

 * The Investigation, a TV movie, was made in 2002, focusing on allegations that Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) bureaucracy delayed the arrest of Olson. It starred Nicholas Lea, Reece Dinsdale, David Warner and Lochlyn Munro.
 * Olson's controversial plea bargain is referred to in a panel discussion at a serial killers' convention in the second volume of Neil Gaiman's Sandman series.
 * Where Shadows Linger: the Untold Story of the RCMP's Olson Murders Investigation, by former Vancouver police officer William Leslie Holmes and Bruce L. Northorp, the RCMP officer who arrested Olsen, was published in 2000 by Heritage House Publishing.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Clifford Olson


text:
Alex Krycek

Alex Krycek is a fictional character in the Fox science fiction-supernatural television series The X-Files. Alex Krycek is played by Nicholas Lea. He is initially introduced in the second season as a partner for FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder in the absence of his previous partner, Dana Scully. As the show progressed, Krycek grew to become one of the show's primary antagonists, appearing subsequently in every season until Season 9. Krycek's machinations frequently pitted him against Mulder, with whom he shared a complicated relationship. He was variously seen as either a henchman or enemy of the show's primary antagonist, The Smoking Man, changing his allegiance when the situation suited him best.

Character arc
Krycek is a Russian-American, the son of Cold War immigrants, who makes his first appearance in the season two episode "Sleepless", where as a young FBI Special Agent, he is assigned as a temporary investigation partner to Fox Mulder. Krycek proceeds to work with Mulder and attempts to gain his trust.

It later becomes evident, however, that Krycek is actually an undercover agent working for the Smoking Man. Krycek plays an important part in several events that are harmful to Mulder and Dana Scully: he assists in Scully's abduction, and murders Mulder's father, William "Bill" Mulder. Krycek also assaults Assistant Director Walter Skinner and acquires a secret tape from him which reveals a US government coverup regarding alien visits to Earth. After a botched attempt on Scully results in the death of her sister, the Cigarette Smoking Man attempts to kill Krycek with a car bomb, but Krycek escapes. Krycek is later found to have been selling the secrets from the encrypted MJ files. Under the influence of the black oil, Krycek returns the tape to the Smoking Man, in return for knowledge of the location of an alien ship. The black oil-controlled Krycek goes to the ship, which has been moved to an abandoned missile silo in North Dakota. The black oil extracts itself from Krycek, leaving him locked indefinitely in the silo with the ship.

Krycek is next found during an FBI raid, and taken into custody by Mulder and Scully. They learn that Krycek was recruited by an extremist militia group on a salvage hunt from the silo in North Dakota, and he informs the agents they must track the source of an extraterrestrial rock, brought to America by a foreign diplomat, to a gulag in Russia. The hunt leads Krycek and Mulder to Tunguska, where they are held captive until Krycek maneuvers his own release. Mulder attempts his own escape, taking an unconscious Krycek with him. When he awakes, Krycek separates into the woods only to encounter a strange group of Russians, all of whom have missing left arms. The men amputate Krycek's arm as well, to keep him from being used in black oil experiments. Eventually, Krycek graduates into a more powerful role within this group. He uses any knowledge he has to gain leverage with the syndicate. He even has had romantic ties to their secretary, Marita Covarrubias (who apparently was using Krycek for her own means in assisting Mulder). Due to this double-crossing, Krycek is temporarily held captive by the Well Manicured Man. Krycek later appears to Mulder as a friendly messenger to tell him that a war has begun, and that Mulder must "resist or serve".

Later in the series, Krycek can be seen switching sides as it suits him, occasionally helping Mulder, the Cigarette Smoking Man and other people. He attempted to blackmail Skinner with infectious nanotechnology, but ended up being thrown into a Tunisian prison by the Cigarette Smoking Man. In the season seven finale, "Requiem", Krycek apparently kills the now wheelchair-using Cigarette Smoking Man by pushing him down a flight of stairs. Later, when Mulder was abducted by aliens and returned in a deathlike state, Krycek attempts to again blackmail Skinner, offering the means to save Mulder's life in exchange for Scully's baby. Skinner refuses, and Krycek has a violent confrontation with John Doggett before escaping. In the season eight finale, "Existence", Krycek is shot dead by Skinner, during an unsuccessful attempt to kill Mulder. Krycek's ghost briefly showed up to help Mulder escape a military base in the series finale.

Conceptual history
Originally, the role of Krycek was offered to Callum Keith Rennie, who rejected it, but later made two guest appearances on the show. Krycek does not appear in the first season, but Nicholas Lea did have a small part in the Monster-of-the-Week episode, "Gender Bender". In the episode, he played a club goer named "Michel". When Lea appeared as Krycek, the producers felt that they could kill him off if the portraying actor didn't do a good enough job. Krycek, who was initially created by writer Howard Gordon to temporarily replace Scully as Mulder's partner for three episodes, eventually grew into a character that lasted eight seasons on the show. The character appears in 22 episodes between seasons two and nine.

title: Alex Krycek


text:
Terrane

In geology, a terrane ( in full, a tectonostratigraphic terrane) is a crust fragment formed on a tectonic plate (or broken off from it) and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate. The crustal block or fragment preserves its distinctive geologic history, which is different from the surrounding areas—hence the term "exotic" terrane. The suture zone between a terrane and the crust it attaches to is usually identifiable as a fault. A sedimentary deposit that buries the contact of the terrane with adjacent rock is called an overlap formation. An igneous intrusion that has intruded and obscured the contact of a terrane with adjacent rock is called a stitching pluton.

The older usage of terrane described a series of related rock formations or an area with a preponderance of a particular rock or rock group.

Overview
A tectonostratigraphic terrane is not necessarily an independent microplate in origin since it may not contain the full thickness of the lithosphere. It is a piece of crust that has been transported laterally, usually as part of a larger plate, and is relatively buoyant due to thickness or low density. When the plate of which it was a part subducted under another plate, the terrane failed to subduct, detached from its transporting plate, and accreted onto the overriding plate. Therefore, the terrane transferred from one plate to the other. Typically, accreting terranes are portions of continental crust which have rifted off another continental mass and been transported surrounded by oceanic crust, or they are old island arcs formed at some distant subduction zones.

A tectonostratigraphic terrane is a fault-bounded package of rocks of at least regional extent characterized by a geologic history that differs from that of neighboring terranes. The essential characteristic of these terranes is that the present spatial relations are incompatible with the inferred geologic histories. Where terranes that lie next to each other possess strata of the same age, it must be demonstrable that the geologic evolutions are different and incompatible. There must be an absence of intermediate lithofacies that could link the strata.

The concept of tectonostratigraphic terrane  developed from studies in the 1970s of the complicated Pacific Cordilleran orogenic margin of North America, a complex and diverse geological potpourri that was difficult to explain until the new science of plate tectonics illuminated the ability of crustal fragments to "drift" thousands of miles from their origin and fetch up, crumpled, against an exotic shore. Such terranes were dubbed "accreted terranes" by geologists.

"It was soon determined that these exotic crustal slices had in fact originated as "suspect terranes" in regions at some considerable remove, frequently thousands of kilometers, from the orogenic belt where they had eventually ended up. It followed that the present orogenic belt was itself an accretionary collage, composed of numerous terranes derived from around the circum-Pacific region and now sutured together along major faults. These concepts were soon applied to other, older orogenic belts, e.g. the Appalachian belt of North America.... Support for the new hypothesis came not only from structural and lithological studies, but also from studies of faunal biodiversity and palaeomagnetism."

When terranes are composed of repeated accretionary events, and hence are composed of subunits with distinct history and structure, they may be called superterranes.

Tectonostratigraphic terranes
Africa

 * Alkapeca
 * Birminian Terrane
 * Kahiltna Terrane
 * Likasi Terrane
 * Mozambique Belt

Asia

 * Aldan Terrane
 * Birekte Terrane
 * Bargusin Terrane
 * Daldyn Terrane
 * Magan Terrane
 * Markha Terrane
 * Midyan Terrane
 * Shan–Thai Terrane
 * Tungus Terrane
 * Tynda Terrane
 * Uchur Terrane

Taiwan

 * Coastal Range Terrane
 * Longitudinal Valley Terrane
 * Eastern Central Range Terrane
 * Western Central Range Terrane
 * Hsuehshan Range Terrane
 * Western Foothills Terrane
 * Coastal Plain Terrane

Tibet

 * Lhasa Terrane
 * Qiangtang Terrane
 * Xigaze Terrane
 * Bainang Terrane
 * Zedong Terrane
 * Dazhuqu Terrane

Australasia

 * Brook Street Terrane
 * Buller Terrane
 * Caples Terrane
 * East Tasmanian Terrane
 * Glenburgh Terrane
 * Dun Mountain-Maitai Terrane
 * Molong—Monaro Terrane
 * Murihiku Terrane
 * Narryer Gneiss Terrane
 * Takaka Terrane
 * Torlesse Composite Terrane
 * Waipapa Composite Terrane
 * West Tasmanian Terrane

Europe

 * Alkapeca
 * Armorican terrane
 * Avalonia
 * Avalon Composite Terrane
 * Balearic Terrane
 * Briançonnais Terrane
 * Central Highlands Terrane
 * Central Southern Uplands Terrane
 * Charnwood Terrane
 * Hebridean Terrane
 * Leinster—Lakesman Terrane
 * Midland Valley Terrane
 * North Armorican Composite Terrane
 * Northern Highlands Terrane
 * Rosslare—Monian Terranes
 * Southern North Sea Terrane
 * Tregor—La Hague Terrane
 * Wrekin Terrane

Fennoscandia

 * Bamble Terrane
 * Idefjorden Terrane
 * Kongsberg Terrane
 * Telemarkia Terrane
 * Western Gneiss Region

North America

 * Avalonia Terrane
 * Bancroft Terrane
 * Buffalo Head Terrane
 * Cache Creek Terrane
 * Carolina Terrane
 * Cassiar Terrane
 * Crescent Terrane
 * Elzevir Terrane
 * Frontenac Terrane
 * Franciscan Complex
 * Ganderia Terrane
 * Hottah Terrane
 * Insular Superterrane
 * Intermontane Plate and Intermontane Belt
 * Meguma Terrane
 * Occidentalia Terrane
 * Pacific Rim Terrane
 * Pearya Terrane
 * Quesnellia
 * Salinian Block
 * Slide Mountain Terrane
 * Smartville Block
 * Sonomia Terrane
 * Steel Mountain Terrane
 * Stikinia
 * Wrangellia Terrane
 * Yakutat Block
 * Yukon–Tanana Terrane

South America

 * Arequipa-Antofalla
 * Chaitenia
 * Chilenia
 * Chiloé Block
 * Cuchilla Dionisio Terrane
 * Cuyania
 * Fitz Roy Terrane
 * Madre de Dios Terrane
 * Mejillonía
 * Nico Pérez Terrane
 * Pampia
 * Paranapanema block
 * Piedra Alta Terrane
 * Tandilia Terrane

General bibliography

 * McPhee, John (1981). Basin and Range. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
 * McPhee, John (1983). In Suspect Terrain. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
 * McPhee, John (1993). Assembling California. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

title: Terrane


text:
Fore River Shipyard

Fore River Shipyard was a shipyard owned by General Dynamics Corporation located on Weymouth Fore River in Braintree and Quincy, Massachusetts. It began operations in 1883 in Braintree, and moved to its final location on Quincy Point in 1901. In 1913, it was purchased by Bethlehem Steel, and later transferred to Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation. It was sold to General Dynamics in 1963, and closed in 1986. During its operation, yardworkers constructed hundreds of ships, for both military and civilian clients.

Most of the ships at the yard were built for the United States Navy, with its first government contract for the destroyer USS Lawrence (DD-8). The yard also built early submarines for Electric Boat, including USS Octopus (SS-9) and USS Sunfish (SSN-649). Fore River also constructed the battleship USS Massachusetts (BB-59), and the cruisers USS Springfield (CL-66) and USS Salem (CA-139) as well as the Navy's first carrier USS Lexington (CV-2) and its successor USS Lexington (CV-16). The light cruiser USS San Juan CL-54 was built there as well. Fore River produced multiple foreign ships for various navies around the world including five Type 1 submarines for the Imperial Japanese Navy, ten submarines for the Royal Navy, and the battleship ARA Rivadavia, for the Argentine Navy.

The yard constructed several merchant marine ships, including Thomas W. Lawson, the largest pure sailing ship ever built, and SS Marine Dow-Chem, which was the first ship constructed to carry refrigerated chemicals. General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division, as it eventually came to be known, ended its career as a producer of various LNG tankers and merchant marine ships.

The yard would also construct a number of American flagged passenger liners, which included Matson Line's SS Mariposa, SS Monterey, SS Lurline, along with American Export Lines SS Independence and SS Constitution.

According to one theory, the yard was the origin of the "Kilroy was here" pop culture reference, and was home to the second-largest shipbuilding crane in the world. During the period in which it was operable, the yard had two sub-yards: the first was the Victory Destroyer Plant in Quincy during World War I, and the second was the Bethlehem Hingham Shipyard in Hingham during World War II. In addition, the yard owned Bethlehem Atlantic Works, a drydock facility which was located in East Boston.

Origins
The shipyard traces its beginnings back to 1882, when Thomas A. Watson purchased a farm alongside the Fore River in East Braintree, Massachusetts. In 1884, Watson attempted to farm the land, but soon realizing that it was a failure, decided to work on a steam engine after he was approached by a local businessman. Work on the engine began in 1884, and continued into 1885, when it was deemed a financial failure. At this point, Watson decided to work with his business partner Frank O. Wellington on ship building, creating the Fore River Engine Company.

Fore River Engine Company

Following an order from Maine for a 50-horsepower engine, Thomas A. Watson and Frank O. Wellington decided to build boats, which came after realizing the profitability of the enterprise as the result of building their first ship, the Barnacle, which was fitted with local furnishings. Watson later said of this decision:

It was a momentous decision for from it came one of the largest shipbuilding establishments in the country, if not in the world, that made Massachusetts again a shipbuilding center and afterwards played an important part in the World War.

The success of this operation was further strengthened the fact that the shipyard was producing a quality engine, and it quickly gained a reputation along the eastern seaboard. Soon, a new engine-building facility was constructed, employing between twenty and thirty workers. Additionally, the Prouty Printing Press and Sims-Dudley dynamite gun, staple guns for shoes, and electric light accessories were produced by Fore River. In addition, the diversity of Fore River's products was due to the fact that Watson desired to employ as many friends as possible.

The Panic of 1893 brought a new era to the company, as the depression limited the Fore River's possibilities. Fortunately for Fore River, the United States Navy awarded a contract to them to construct USS Lawrence (DD-8) and USS Macdonough (DD-9). These two ships were the last to be constructed at the East Braintree location, as the yard moved down the river to a site on nearby Quincy Point in 1901. The construction of United States lightship LV-72 alongside the destroyers further strengthened the company financially.

The awarding of USS Des Moines (CL-17) was also beneficial for Fore River. Faced with the problem of not having a large enough area to build the cruiser, the contract was produced at the new Quincy yard. The Des Moines was launched in 1902 and commissioned in 1904, bringing with it some financial stability to the yard, as new revenues were quadruple those at the East Braintree location. During the construction of the new yard, old buildings were floated over to make up for the lack of buildings at the new location, and it was constructed with some of the largest shipbuilding equipment of the day.

Fore River Ship and Engine Company

The building of the new yard created ample space for building new ships, which allowed for the building of USS New Jersey (BB-16) and USS Rhode Island (BB-17). The Navy did mandate that before they could receive the bids, they would have to incorporate, so the company was incorporated in New Jersey, with a capital of $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars). Immediately, Thomas A. Watson realized that the contract would be more costly than anticipated, but soon an order came in for the seven-masted Thomas W. Lawson. This was immediately followed by an order for the six-masted William L. Douglas, which was delivered in 1903.

In 1902, Watson decided to build the Fore River Railroad, a short-line railroad from East Braintree to the yard, 3 mi away. This was done in order to save costs of having to remove supplies from the trains, transport it over land to Weymouth Fore River, and then float it over to the yard. Watson ended up buying a parcel of land after the owner refused to sell him 3 ft of land for the railroad.

During this time, the yard struggled financially, as expenses from suppliers exceeded reimbursement from the Navy. As a result, Watson decided to sell some of his telephone stock and secured a loan. At this time, the yard was awarded with a contract for USS Vermont (BB-20), although this did not solve the company's troubles. Following a failed attempt by Watson to seek reimbursement from the Navy, he eventually resigned and was replaced by former Admiral Francis T. Bowles, as he was pleased by how Bowles ran the yard.

In 1905, the yard gained a contract to build the Brown-Curtis steam turbine engine, which was considered to be too fast to be economical at the time. That same year, the Navy awarded a contract to build the Chester-class cruisers at the yard, two of which were supposed to be equipped with the Brown-Curtis turbine, but which later received new turbines.

The Russo-Japanese War further benefited the yard, as the Imperial Japanese Navy contracted five Type 1 submarines at the yard. Little is known of the first submarines built at the yard, although they were promptly disassembled and shipped to the West Coast, from which they were shipped to Japan in 1904. The war brought expanded submarine development to the yard, as the Holland Torpedo Boat Company was purchased by the Electric Boat Company. Since Electric Boat had no yard of its own, it subcontracted to Fore River in order to complete orders. The first American submarine built at the yard was USS Octopus (SS-9), launched in 1906. This arrangement lasted for the next twenty years, until Electric Boat built its own yard in 1924. Fore River would remain the primary builder of Electric Boat-designed submarines through the S-class of 1922, completing a total of 69 submarines for the US Navy during this period.

During this time, the yard built civilian ships, including Sankaty, which was built for the New Bedford, Martha's Vineyard & Nantucket Steamboat Company. Furthermore, the company created the Fore River Apprentice School, in order to ensure that an adequately trained workforce would be able to work at the yard in the coming years. Over time, over 2,000 people were graduated from its program.

In 1906, USS New Jersey (BB-16) and USS Rhode Island (BB-17) were delivered by the yard, marking the yard's first battleships delivered. The completion of these two battleships and other ships at the yard coincided at a time when there were 2,500 people employed. In 1908, there were eighteen contracts employed at Fore River, which would not be met again until 1916. The yard also completed car floats for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad during this time.

Of note, Fore River fielded a soccer team from at least 1907 to around 1920–1921. This team, which played in local leagues, was part of one of the early soccer leagues in the United States.

Another big development in the history of the yard was the receiving of the contract to build the ARA Rivadavia for the Argentine Navy. The ship was one of two foreign battleships ever constructed in the United States, and occurred during the South American dreadnought race. After a long bidding process, the Argentine Naval Commission found that the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company bid was lowest on one battleship, and the Fore River Shipbuilding Company was lowest on the other. Despite some possible setbacks, the upcoming 1910 Pan-American Conference, and a guarantee of American participation in the Argentine centennial celebrations, Fore River secured the battleship contracts on 21 January 1910. The maximum price Fore River tendered, $10.7 million, underbid the British by more than $973,000, but their ship's displacement was 2000 LT smaller, the belt armor was 2 in thinner, and the top speed was slightly slower.

Rivadavia was built by Fore River, but they were contractually obligated to subcontract the second ship to a different shipyard in the hope that both would be completed faster, so ARA Moreno was constructed by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation of Camden, New Jersey. The steel for the ships was largely supplied by the Bethlehem Steel Company of Pennsylvania, which, due to their ability to produce steel at a lower price than other nations, was an integral cost-saving measure. The ship was laid down in 1910, but was finally delivered in 1914 after delays in construction due to a work backlog at the yard. It was because of this issue that Admiral Bowles suggested that the yard be sold to a larger corporation, as it would be able to better deal with the extra workload than the yard could on its own. The last ship laid down in the yard at the time was USS Nevada (BB-36), which occurred in 1912.

In 1911, the yard was part of the case Fore River Shipbuilding Co. v. Hagg, in which a foreign citizen sued for the yard for reparation in the death of her husband, who was killed in the yard's forge shop. The case was later dismissed by the United States Supreme Court.

Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Ltd.

In 1913, Bethlehem Steel Corporation purchased the yard for $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars), as Charles M. Schwab was looking to diversify the company. At the time, the yard was constructing 23 vessels and doing a business of $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) a year. The yard was 110 acre in size, and had a capacity for 60000 ST. At this time, Bethlehem decided to construct a drydock, although it would take into the 1920s to make this happen. Finally, immediate improvements were made to the yard to improve its financial well-being.

The first year of the company's ownership brought little in terms of business. Two destroyers were ordered, three submarines were sublet in the yard, and no outside orders by private companies were received in this time. Furthermore, the Royal Navy placed an order during this time for ten submarines. Due to the fact that the United States was officially neutral during World War I, the yard prefabricated the submarines, and then shipped the parts to Canada for assembly. In 1915, the Spanish Navy contracted out the building of the submarine Isaac Peral (A-0) in the yard, while the United States Navy ordered USS T-1 (SS-52). Finally, the Texas Oil Company and the Edward F. Luckenbach Company ordered four tankers and freighters, respectively.

World War I

War brought opportunities for expansion for the yard. This meant the building of a steel mill and a sheet metal shop that contained one of the best molds in the country. The steel mill was capable of prefabricating 250 ST of steel a day. A 1000 ft building slip was also constructed, costing $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars). The yard created a department that was dedicated to the welfare of its workers during this time, as well.

1916 brought nineteen contracts to the yard, eight of which were for the O-class submarine, and ten more submarines were laid down for the Royal Navy, with another ten being built in Montreal at the Canadian Vickers yard. The submarines, once built, were stored at the nearby Boston Navy Yard until the country entered the war. Over 15,000 persons were working at the yard at the time, including Joseph P. Kennedy.

Entry of the United States into the war brought twenty-eight destroyer orders to the yard. Due to this sudden increase in production, the yard needed to expand. Soon, a suitable location was found on nearby Squantum Point, and the Victory Destroyer Plant started construction in 1917. Located on 70 acre of land, the yard exclusively built destroyers, with USS Osborne (DD-295) being the last ship constructed at the plant. In 1920, the yard was turned over to the United States government and dismantled. This same year, Bethlehem Steel split off its shipbuilding division into the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, which was headquartered at the yard.

Combined with the Squantum yard, Fore River turned out 71 destroyers during the war, more than any other American yard. Besides the other Quincy yard, Bethlehem built the Fields Point Plant for boiler construction in nearby Providence, Rhode Island and the Black Rock Plant for turbines in Buffalo, New York. The yard constructed USS Mahan (DD-102) in 174 days. Not to be outdone, the Squantum yard built USS Reid (DD-292) in twenty-eight days, delivering it to the Navy seventeen days later. Such was the speed at which the yard produced ships that the Navy was forced to moor the ships at the Boston Navy Yard for lack of crews. The yard's speed allowed for the management to enter a bet with another Bethlehem plant, Union Iron Works, to see which plant would deliver more ships in a year. At the end of 1918, Fore River delivered eighteen ships to Union's six.

Post-War and Great Depression

The end of World War I did not immediately affect the yard, as it was still producing ships from wartime orders. The only cancellations that occurred in the yard after the war were the cancellation of the Lexington-class battlecruiser USS Lexington (CC-1). This was offset by the construction of two cruisers, which were delivered in due time. Additionally, the yard finished building the multiple orders that it received for the S-class submarine, as well as orders for two other submarines.

Between 1922 and 1925, the yard underwent a major expansion period, including the purchase of the Atlantic Works, which later became Bethlehem Atlantic Works. Bethlehem also purchased a floating drydock from Simpson’s Dry Dock Company, built a battleship slip, and constructed a new way for merchant ships. The terms of the Washington Naval Treaty in 1921 brought the conversion of the Lexington to an aircraft carrier (USS Lexington (CV-2)), which was launched in 1925 in front of a group of over 20,000 people. The treaty brought about the cancellation of USS Massachusetts (BB-54), part of the now-prohibited South Dakota-class battleship. The hull was eventually scrapped in 1923 with only 11% of the ship completed.

The post-war lull brought about new opportunities for the yard, as it converted or upgraded ships such as SS Minnekahda (1917), and overhauled locomotives for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The yard produced brass fittings for banjo clocks, in an attempt by Charles Schwab to keep the talented workers employed. Eventually, this lull ended in 1925 with the order of a ferry for the City of Boston. Around this time, the yard received orders for USS Northampton (CA-26) and USS Portland (CA-33), both the lead ships of their respective classes. At the end of 1925, the yard had built 400 ships, 111 of which were military contracts, while the other 289 were for civilian organizations. Furthermore, the yard built the liners SS Monterey, SS Mariposa (1931) and SS Lurline (1932) for the Oceanic Steamship Company.

The Great Depression brought little work to the yard, with the exception of the completion of USS Quincy (CA-39) and USS Vincennes (CA-44). USS Wasp (CV-7) was built from 1936 to 1940, in addition to a handful of destroyers. Employment in the yard dropped drastically during this time, from 4,900 in 1931 to 812 two years later.

World War II

The Naval Act of 1938 brought increased shipbuilding to the yard, as it mandated a 20% increase in the strength of the nation's Navy. This brought an expansion of business to the yard, with 17,000 employees working in December 1941 and 32,000 in 1943, including 1,200 women. Payroll reached $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) around this time, and contracts amounted to around $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars).

The speed of construction at the yard increased, as the keel of USS Vincennes (CL-64) was laid immediately after USS Massachusetts (BB-59) was launched. The speed of the construction ran in line with the building of more ships. USS San Juan (CL-54) was cut up and relocated three times in order to accommodate the construction of other ships. Much like World War I, the yard expanded, and built the Bethlehem Hingham Shipyard in order to accommodate the increased construction demands. Sixteen ways were constructed on over 96 acre, and 227 ships were produced with 23,500 workers.

The yard produced USS Hancock (CV-19) in fourteen and a half months, and USS Pasadena (CL-65) in a record of sixteen and a half months. The yard built ninety-two vessels of eleven classes during the war, and earned the Army-Navy "E" Award for excellence of construction of vessels, which was awarded on 15 May 1942, with four stars being added during the course of the war. Additionally, the yard produced USS Lexington (CV-16), which was renamed from USS Cabot after the sinking of USS Lexington (CV-2) when yard workers petitioned for a renaming of the ship.

During the war, the yard was possibly the origin of the popular expression "Kilroy was here." Although it was not known originally where the phrase came from, the American Transit Association ran a contest trying to find the origin of the phrase in 1946. Welding inspector James J. Kilroy ended up sending his account in, and was deemed the winner. In an attempt to make sure that riveters would be prevented from defrauding the shipyard of their accurate workload, he scrawled the phrase in chalk on the ships that he was inspecting. Ships that the phrase was printed on included USS Massachusetts (BB-59), USS Lexington, USS Baltimore (CA-68) and various troop carriers.

While the shipyard was at its peak of operations during the war, it was not uncommon for German U boats to stalk ships leaving the yard and engage them once offshore.

Post-war

After the war, the yard was faced with new opportunities. As the war greatly expanded the yard, the yard now had extra space. Thus, the Hingham yard was closed, and the yard diversified its interests. The yard constructed a 28 ft blast furnace, a wind tunnel, draglines, and steel for an aqueduct of the Boston's Metropolitan District Commission, a transformer for Boston Edison, among other things. The yard was faced with inflation, increasing material costs, and demands for higher wages.

The yard did continue to turn out war orders for the ships USS Des Moines (CA-134) and USS Salem (CA-139), the latter being the first ship in the Navy with air conditioning. The yard overhauled USS Ancon (AGC-4), SS Panama (1939), and SS Cristobal of the Panama Railway Company. The yard ceased work until 1950 at the end of these conversions, with employment dipping to 3,800 employees. The line later took up building merchant ships for the American Export Lines, including the Type P3 ship ocean liners SS Independence and SS Constitution, with the most powerful turbines placed in a merchant ships at that time. The yard converted USS Northampton (CLC-1) and later USS Albany (CA-123) into guided-missile cruisers, and delivered them to the Navy in 1953 and 1958, respectively.

During this time, work continued to decline for the yard, although the yard found work in contracts from the United States Maritime Commission for three C4 tanker in 1951, and two more in 1952. Now, tankers became the yard's main work, with the Gulf Oil Corporation placing orders for two 28000 ST tankers, Socony ordering one 29250 ST tanker, and Orion contracting three more of the same tonnage. The Navy also ordered USS Neosho (AO-143), which weighed 13300 ST and was an improvement over previous designs. Around this time, the yard began the construction of SS Marine Dow-Chem, the first ship which allowed for the shipment of chemicals over the ocean. Through refrigeration, this allowed for them to be transported safely and allowed for the carrying of eleven different chemicals at once. Furthermore, the yard built the C4-S-1 class freighter, a modification of the Type C4. Finally, the yard produced its largest destroyers yet, USS Willis A. Lee (DL-4) and USS Wilkinson (DL-5).

The yard's slow work after the war was a symptom of having a glut of extra ships that were available for the United States Merchant Marine. The passage of the Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946 meant that ships could be sold for as little as $ (equivalent to roughly $ in today's dollars) per deadweight ton. The flip side of this glut of ships was that there was a prediction that in 1961, more ships would be need to be constructed. This was evidenced by the fact that in 1954, there were orders for five tankers, one fleet oiler, and five destroyers. The next year, the yard attempted to become part of the building of the Forrestal-class aircraft carriers when Bethlehem objected to the awarding of the contracts to the Newport News Shipbuilding and the New York Naval Yard. Although the company pointed out that it had produced many carriers during World War II, Newport News pointed out that the company never requested an improvement of its shipbuilding facilities by the government during the war, which hampered its future bidding of aircraft carrier construction. That it had not built a single carrier since the end of the war also hurt its chances. The yard was later rewarded four frigates to build instead.

The yard began a new era when it was awarded construction of USS Long Beach (CGN-9), a nuclear guided-missile cruiser. Such was the amount of work involved in the building of the Long Beach that the yard had to decline building NS Savannah, the world's first nuclear-powered merchant ship. The yard entered into an expansion period during these years, replacing six pre-World War I sliding ways, which could now accommodate between three and six ships. Ships were built for the Greek shipping company Stavros Niarchos including a tanker with a capacity of 16.5 e6USgal of crude oil, named SS World Glory and SS World Beauty. The yard produced the nation's largest tanker, SS Princess Sophie, which was christened by Frederica of Hanover, Queen of Greece. Fore River also branched out into radar tower construction in this time, constructing Texas Tower 2 in 1955 and Texas Tower 3 in 1956.

The 1960s began with a five-month strike by workers over either wages and benefits (according to local newspapers), or unilateral work rules (according to the Industrial Union of Marine and Ship-building Workers). In the midst of the strike, the Navy towed USS Springfield (CL-66), which was under conversion at the time, to the nearby Boston Navy Yard for completion, an action which prompted both laborers and management to negotiate a three-year contract and helped to nullify unpopular work rules. Later that year, the Long Beach was launched, which was a major achievement for the yard.

1962 brought about the construction of SS Manhattan (1962), which was the largest commercial vessel built in the United States at the time, and became the first ship to transit the Northwest Passage to the Alaska North Slope oil fields. The Bainbridge was launched in that year, but not without accusations from the government that Bethlehem overcharged the Navy, as the costs increased from almost $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) in 1959 to a negotiated $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) three years later, down from an estimate of $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) before then, although there was a $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) discrepancy in the yard. After the end of the strike mentioned above, the yard was accused by the government of overcharging for the first nuclear frigate, USS Bainbridge (CGN-25) and the Long Beach. The shipyard later made up for the losses of $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) by crediting on other contracts that were being offered.

1963 brought an end of an era to the yard, as Bethlehem put the yard up for sale. Fifty years of Bethlehem ownership, which began when the yard was near financial ruin, came to an end as the yard was one of the most established yards in the world.

General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division

In 1964, the yard was purchased by General Dynamics Corporation. J. William Jones, President of the company, stated that the yard was purchased in order to provide its Electric Boat division with increased flexibility. The yard was purchased for $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars), and Electric Boat managed the yard until its reorganization. Immediately, the yard was closed by Bethlehem Steel on 1 January 1964, and it was announced that thirteen hundred of the yard's employees would be retired or pensioned off immediately or within the next two years, leaving five hundred workers left. General Dynamics immediately invested $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) into various facilities in the yard, improving it in many ways.

The yard was soon awarded the contract for the reconfiguration of the Apollo Instrumentation Ships from oilers. USNS Mission San Fernando (T-AO-122) was converted into USNS Vanguard (T-AG-194), USNS Mission De Pala (T-AO-114) was converted to USNS Redstone (T-AGM-20), and USNS Mission San Juan (T-AO-126) was renamed USNS Mercury (T-AGM-21). Also in the 1960s, the yard modified USS Greenling (SSN-614) and USS Gato (SSN-615), and built USS Whale (SSN-638) and USS Sunfish (SSN-649). Work began on USNS Kilauea (T-AE-26) and USS Butte (AE-27), both of which were ammunition ships, while construction began on the submarine tenders USS L. Y. Spear (AS-36) and USS Dixon (AS-37). Around this time, the yard began construction of the Seabee barges, for the Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, which were the first modular construction ships built by General Dynamics at the yard, although they were sued by Lykes for late delivery off the ships.

The addition of the Liquified natural gas tanker contracts in the early 1970s meant that the yard was due for another conversion. General Dynamics then invested $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) into more ways and wet basins in the yard, in order to be more competitive. The yard began construction of all of the Wichita-class replenishment oilers, with the exception of USS Roanoke (AOR-7). Cost overruns were an issue with these ships, although eventually the costs were negotiated. Furthermore, the yard built four of the Anchorage-class dock landing ships, which were delivered between 1970 and 1972. These ships were involved in cost overruns as well, and in 1975 the Naval Sea Systems Command awarded the yard $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) for these overruns.

The addition of modular construction to the yard meant that it could build ships by assembling pre-fabricated units, a technique that was used at the Victory Destroyer Plant during World War I. During the end of 1971, the yard was faced with declining contracts, which created rumors that the yard was close to closing. The yard was in discussion to gain a $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) contract for six supertankers, which would carry 65 e6USgal of crude oil each. These tankers were supposed to be constructed with a forty-three percent subsidy from the federal government, which was granted. Eventually though, funding fell through, and construction did not proceed on the ships. Despite this, the yard modified USNS Hayes (T-AGOR-16), which was a $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) contract, where the ship received new equipment. This contract provided one hundred jobs for the yard.

The first attempt at government intervention for the yard came with Congressman James A. Burke aiming to stave off the imminent layoffs of two thousand workers. He attempted to get the yard awarded the contract for repairs to USS Puget Sound (AD-38). In a telegram to then-Secretary of Defense Elliot Richardson, he said that the closure of the Boston Navy Yard created a labor surplus. Unfortunately for the yard, the contract never panned out.

Delivery of USS Kalamazoo (AOR-6) in 1973 meant that the only work at the yard consisted of the modification of the Hayes and construction of cylinders for submarines at Newport News Shipbuilding and Electric Boat, which helped to maintain work for about two hundred and eighty machine shop workers. Economic salvation came to the yard during the construction of LNG-41, which was calculated to bring 5,500 to 6,000 workers employment. Projected to begin in July 1973, the work was delayed until December due to delays in yard improvements. In the meantime, the Irving Sealion was repaired at the yard. The Esso Halifax, which struck an iceberg on the way to Resolute Bay in Nova Scotia was repaired in the yard during this time.

The laying down of the LNG-41 occurred during the repair of USS West Milton (ARD-7), which was used to repair submarines at Naval Submarine Base New London. Congressman Burke was instrumental in securing this work, which kept the yard busy in 1974. That same year, a seventeen-week strike broke out, which created a situation where all work stopped and tanker work came to a halt. Eventually, the strike was resolved, but not before jeopardizing the future of the yard. After the settlement of the strike, USS Raleigh (LPD-1) was repaired at the yard in 1975, as General Dynamics had the lowest bid. In 1975, the yard had eight LNG contracts, which totaled $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars). It was around this time that the Goliath crane was constructed, which was a 1200 ST crane built for the construction of tankers. Until it was removed in 2008, it was the largest gantry crane in North America.

The final construction project for the yard came in the form of construction of five 2nd Lieutenant John P. Bobo Class of Maritime Prepositioning ships. These ships could house equipment and supplies to house 4,000 Marines for thirty days, as well as everything they would need for combat. The ships were also designed to not need port facilities, as everything could be offloaded offshore. The ships were built by General Dynamics and initially were operated by General Dynamics' American Overseas Marine under a 25-year charter. The end of the construction of these ships in May 1986 meant that there was no longer any need for the yard, as attempts to secure container ships for United States Lines and survey ships for the Navy fell through. In 1986, the yard closed, with remaining employees either retiring or being laid off. In 1987, General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division ceased operation. The closure of the yard came after an unsuccessful attempt by employees to purchase the yard. On 1 June 1986, Fore River Shipyard closed for good.

Redevelopment

Closure of the division initially led to dormancy at the yard. Some equipment was sold off while other parts of the yard were used for staging areas of the Boston Harbor cleanup project. Various plans were then offered at the time for use of the shipyard.

During this period, a ship scrapping operation, operating under the name Fore River Shipyard and Iron Works existed at one end of the yard. An initial purchase of five former Forrest Sherman-class destroyers was made, which included the USS Forrest Sherman (DD-931), USS Davis (DD-937), USS Manley (DD-940), USS Du Pont (DD-941), USS Bigelow (DD-942) and USS Blandy (DD-943). Of these, Du Pont was the only one that was successfully scrapped, as the company concluded that the costs of scrapping the other ships would exceed their scrap value. The company later sought bankruptcy protection in 1994, and the remaining ships were sold to other scrap dealers by the Massachusetts Bankruptcy Court.

In 1992, a group of volunteers came up with the idea of purchasing a ship built at the shipyard and relocating it to a new museum that would celebrate the history of the yard. In 1993, the United States Naval Shipbuilding Museum was established by the Massachusetts General Court with the aim to, "acquire, refurbish and maintain United States naval ships and the adjacent physical complex in order that it will [serve] as a major attraction for local citizens and tourists." Initially, plans called for the purchase of USS Lexington (CV-16), but the museum ended up getting USS Salem (CA-139), the last all-gun heavy cruiser ever built, returned to the Quincy yard after negotiations with the Naval Sea Systems Command. On 30 October 1994 Salem returned to Quincy to be permanently docked where she was built nearly five decades before. In May 2014, however, it was announced that the Salem would be moved to East Boston after the pier the ship was berthed and closed the previous September due to safety reasons. The move never took place, and the ship remains open as a museum at Fore River.

In 1995, Sotirious Emmanouil purchased the former yard and promised to restore shipbuilding to the yard, through his company Massachusetts Heavy Industries. The company cleaned up much of the yard and built a handful of buildings after securing a $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) loan, but was unable to secure any contracts and became mired in disputes. The company eventually defaulted on its loans and the property was seized by the United States Maritime Administration in 2000, with its assets being auctioned off a few years later.

Daniel J Quirk, a local auto dealer, bought the property in 2004 for use as a motor vehicle storage and distribution facility. Before the Great Recession hit, he publicized plans to redevelop the yard into condominiums and a living history exhibit, and cited Marina Bay, which is located at the old Victory Destroyer Plant and the Charlestown Navy Yard as examples of what he wanted to turn the yard into. In 2006, as he was trying to sell the Goliath crane, he acknowledged that if he was unable to sell it, he would probably have it scrapped due to it becoming dangerous due to ongoing deterioration of the structure.

On 14 August 2008, ironworker Robert Harvey was killed when a portion of the Goliath crane collapsed during dismantlement. Work on the crane's removal was halted for two months while local and federal officials investigated the accident, but the work later resumed and was completed in early 2009. As a result of their investigation, on 13 January 2009 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration imposed fines totalling $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars). A barge carrying the crane was christened USS Harvey in honor of the fallen worker and left the shipyard on 7 March 2009 en route to Romania.

The August 2008 fatal incident was preceded by two other deaths involving demolition of the main gantry crane at the shipyard on 26 January 2005. The earlier incident resulted in an OSHA ruling against Testa Corporation of Lynnfield, Massachusetts, including a proposed $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) fine. Following the 2005 collapse, violations involving improper cleanup and removal of asbestos found in debris left by the accident resulted in a $ (equivalent to $ in today's dollars) penalty imposed against Testa by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection.

The former shipyard served as a port for commuter boats to Boston run by Harbor Express for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). This service was discontinued in 2013 when a dock in Quincy was severely damaged. Currently, there are no plans to revive this service. The yard is also used by Jay Cashman, Inc., for heavy construction and marine equipment services, by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority as a sewage sludge heat-drying and pelletizing facility, and by Fore River Transportation Corporation for short line freight rail service to CSXT South Braintree. The yard was also used as the main construction area for the new Fore River Bridge, which is located adjacent to the property.

Although shipbuilding operations ceased in 1986, the name of the yard continues to be used, and the location is still referred to as Fore River Shipyard.

Appearance in film
Fore River Shipyard has also appeared in multiple films since it was closed. The climactic shootout from the 2006 film The Departed was filmed in the yard. In 2009, the film The Company Men was filmed at the site of the former yard. For the 2015 film The Finest Hours, sets were constructed at the yard, along with a giant water tank. The film also used the former USS Salem (CA-139) during production.

Ships constructed at Fore River

During the almost one hundred years that the yard was operational, it produced hundreds of ships, submarines, and personal sailing vessels. Among these orders were the civilian ships the Barnacle and the multiple-masted schooners the Thomas W. Lawson and William L. Douglas. The yard produced military contracts, including USS Lawrence (DD-8) and USS Macdonough (DD-9). Submarines were constructed, including USS Octopus (SS-9) for the United States Navy, and others for both the Imperial Japanese Navy and the Royal Navy.

As the yard was expanded over the years, it built battleships such as USS New Jersey (BB-16), USS Nevada (BB-36), and the preserved USS Massachusetts (BB-59), itself moored in Battleship Cove. Other naval ships include the preserved heavy cruiser USS Salem (CA-139) (as part of the United States Naval Shipbuilding Museum adjacent to the shipyard), USS Northampton (CLC-1), and USS Long Beach (CGN-9). The yard constructed multiple aircraft carriers, including the conversion of the battlecruiser USS Lexington CC-1s hull into USS Lexington (CV-2), USS Lexington (CV-16), USS Bunker Hill (CV-17), and USS Philippine Sea'' (CV-47).

After the war, the yard found itself faced with changing realities, and increasingly relied on merchant marine ships, including SS Marine Dow-Chem, the first chemical transport ship in the United States and SS Manhattan (1962). The yard built passenger vessels, including SS Lurline, SS Independence, SS Constitution. The last ships built at the yard were the 2nd Lieutenant John P. Bobo Class of Maritime Prepositioning ships. With the building of MV Sgt. William R. Button (T-AK 3012), the yard closed for good.

title: Fore River Shipyard


text:
Southwestern Adventist University

Southwestern Adventist University is a private Adventist university in Keene, Texas. It is owned by the Southwestern Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. The university enrolls about 800 students on a rural, 150-acre campus.

The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Adventist Accrediting Association. The nursing program is approved by the Texas Board of Nurse Examiners.

History
Southwestern Adventist University was founded in 1893 as Keene Industrial Academy. The purchase of property for the school was financed by Seventh-day Adventists in the Dallas area. Its first building, completed in 1894, was also used as a church. The school, which opened with 56 students, adopted its current name in 1996.

On January 2, 1944, the West Hall boys' dormitory, which had undergone extensive repairs in the summer of 1943, was destroyed by fire. 16-year-old student Reginald Maddison was awakened by a rumbling sound around 5:00 a.m. and saw flames emerging from a dust closet. He alerted students to the fire and activated the fire alarm. 12 students, including Maddison, escaped unharmed. One student was injured when jumping from a second story window. 2 students died during the fire. Curtis "Lee Roy" Birdwell, 15, was found in the basement underneath his dorm room. Virgil Dye, 17, was found near the chimney towards the center of the blaze.

Southwestern Adventist University is located at the town of Keene, Texas, six miles northeast of Cleburne. Keene has been described as an Adventist "company" town. On Saturdays, the Sabbath for Adventists, most stores in town are closed.

The Keene Seventh-day Adventist Church has several thousand members. It is the Southwestern Adventist University church.

The Seventh-day Adventist Church in America is divided into administrative units called unions, and most of these unions have a college. Most of these colleges were founded in the 1890s, a period of intense activity in Adventist history.

The university evolved through several stages from Keene Industrial Academy to its present university status. At its beginning, it sold acreage to Adventist families and industries, and is now the largest Adventist community in the Southwestern Union, which includes Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and New Mexico.

Academics
During Fall 2014, Southwestern began to offer a Fire Science degree. The program is the only one of its kind among Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities. Graduates of this program will receive a degree, as well as several technical certifications that will allow them to become employed by fire departments around the nation.

In June 2023 the university was placed on Warning status by its educational accreditor, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, after the accreditor's board found significant non-compliance with its standards of student achievement, student outcomes and employment of full-time faculty.

Athletics
The Southwestern Adventist (SWAU) athletic teams are called the Knights. The university is a member of the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA) since the 2002–03 academic year. They are also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the Southwest Region of the Division II level. The Knights previously competed in the Red River Athletic Conference (RRAC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1998–99 to 2001–02.

SWAU competes in eight intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include basketball and soccer; while women's sports include basketball, soccer and volleyball; and co-ed sports include cross country, gymnastics and tennis.

title: Southwestern Adventist University


text:
User talk:MattKingston/archive1

Gedday Matt, could you do me a favour a please refrain from deleting British spellings? thanks Erich 06:20, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi Erich, it's good to be specific about your suggestions. At first, I wasn't sure what you were referring to, but it seems to me that your talking about the succinylcholine link on the anaesthetic drugs page. I moved succinylcholine to suxamethonium chloride (Its INN) and updated the link as per wikipedia policy. It wasn't my intention to supress any particular spelling. It would be good for you to note that "succinylcholine" is not "british spelling" since December 1, 2003 (See http://medicines.mhra.gov.uk/inforesources/productinfo/banrinn.htm for more information). Perhaps some countries such as Canada are still using succinylcholine. I'll leave the anaesthetic drug page as it is for now, but you should come to grips with the fact that, someday, someone is going to fix it. Matt 01:31, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * P.S. It's also a wikipedia norm that pages are named in the singular, as such anaesthetic drugs should be moved to anaesthetic drug, but I'll leave it alone. Matt 01:33, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * er well, i just looked at that list but couldn't see sux on it... am i missing something? Erich 12:09, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Well I just looked at the list, and you're right, it's not there. I had assumed that all names were changing to their INN except for adrenaline and noradrenaline, that's what the web page (and others) seem to suggest. So I don't know why it's not listed. Suxamethonium is the INN (ATC Code M03AB01, see http://www.whocc.no/atcddd/indexdatabase/index.php?query=M03AB01 ). But I don't immediately have access to a recent BP. In any event, time will sort things out. Matt 13:45, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)

It's nice to know there's more people working on drug articles. Your sample drug page looked quite good. You could add the infobox as well (see in erythromycin or acetaminophen). Have you had a look at WikiProject "Drugs"? I agree with you on that succinylcholine, it is better to use INN. Although, that suxamethonium chloride should be moved to plain suxamethonium, for there is also suxamethonium bromide and suxamethonium iodide. I think it would be pointless to write an article on every salt of a certain drug. For example erythromycin has got 17 different salts/esters that I know of... Daevatgl 16:57, Jul 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it was a bit strange. I got this list of INNs from somewhere, and most drugs were listed with only the one name. Only a couple of them were listed as the full salt (like suxamethonium chloride). So I figured that, for some strange reason or other, the chloride was part of the INN. Anyway; if suxamethonium is good on its own, then go for it. btw, the page that I've put the most effort into is carbachol, it still needs some more work though.Matt 01:30, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Flecainide
User:AAAAA --AAAAA 18:42, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC) To Matt: Regarding Flecainide, could you please summarize, restructure, modify, add and do whatever necesary to "wikify" this article. I still want it as complete as possible, but would like to clear any redundancy, remove any copyright violations and make it structurally clearer. Any help is welcome!

OK. I added a small stub, written in my own words. Now, I guess you can feel happy that you "saved the world" from a copyright violation and prevented an "evil corporation" (3M) to get free advertising of their product in wikipedia. Now, all patients that use this drug and crave information will be very happy to find this summarized small stub, instead of the big 62K "copyright violator" article.

Matt, you are legally correct, but in my opinion MORALLY WRONG. I don't think that 3M would mind at all to have every word of their product information copied anywhere. Although they might state that the material is copyrighted (their lawyers probably make them put that everywhere), 3M is only getting more publicity for their product. NOTHING would have happened if you left the article there. If you wanted to "help", you could have tried to edit what you could. Although I did copy and paste FROM SEVERAL SOURCES (I had in my mind the wrong definition of "Public Domain"), I also did spend quite some time editing, adding, changing and organizing the information. And many other "sources" that state their material is copyrighted are already copies of 3M's monograph. I was hoping that others would help editing the article also. My goal was to make the MOST COMPLETE page for information about the product. I guess it will not happen. Hope you feel happy that you "saved the world".--AAAAA 12:48, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC) -- Kudos on your work on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System pages. I would never have though a wiki-user would have the stamina to do it. TwoOneTwo 19:29, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks, not done yet though, been distracted as of late. I hope to finish it soon. Matt 07:17, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

List of drugs
Excellent work! However, it may be better if the articles have a colon - "List of drugs: Cp-Cz"? --[[User:OldakQuill|Oldak Quill]] 08:26, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Makes sense to me, thanks for the suggestion. Feel free to move the pages, otherwise I'll do it next chance I get. Matt 08:41, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

--

Thanks for your comment about muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Unfortunately I hit a work crisis soon after, but intend to return to the page in early november. Kaet 12:45, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Flecainide
Matt, I will rewrite Flecainide (I was quite far already), but stop reverting my work. I was holding at ===Mortality=== and expect to slash large amounts of superfluous material to bring it to the level of other WikiDrugs articles. JFW | T@lk  17:00, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Jfdwolff, you asked me to stop reverting "your" work. What you have up on flecainide right now is not your work; they are words that you have stolen from someone else.

 * Matt, you have evidently not read my post on talk:Flecainide.
 * I agree that User:AAAAA acted improperly by copying all the material from other webpages, but this problem has now disappeared: everything on the page is now in my own words. I have removed all copyvio material and rewritten/rephrased whatever I could. If you copyvio-tag this you will find yourself in mediation. JFW | T@lk  09:07, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * So you're saying that "Once adequate control of the arrhythmia has been achieved, it may be possible in some patients to reduce the dose as necessary to minimize side effects or effects on conduction. In such patients, efficacy at the lower dose should be evaluated." because your first contribution to the page seems to be 2004/08/20. These words appear (to pick a version at random) 2004/06/25. These words can also be found at http://multimedia.mmm.com/mws/mediawebserver.dyn?111111MKW5618Gd1qGd111nEfoZfp67x- (the top of the sixth page) but perhaps you work for 3M. But I'm done with this. I've come to the conclusion that there are too many people on wikipedia who want to plagarize others' work and not enough interested in policing to provide reliably free content. Put whatever you'd like on the page. Matt 23:30, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Mmm. That's a bizarre link. Anyhow, the good User:Ksheka has performed his usual magic on the page. You will not need to worry anymore.
 * Your policing is very much welcomed - otherwise nobody would have noticed how bad the plagiarising had been. I was only somewhat dismayed by your last reversal without consulting the talk page. No hard feelings, anyhow. JFW | T@lk  00:32, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

ATC
Matt, I only discovered today that you have done a tremendous amount of work on the ATC pages. My compliments. They are very useful in maintaining the drug boxes on pharmacological pages. Will you be performing frequent updates? JFW | T@lk  18:18, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I went ahead and moved Amfetamine back to Amphetamine since that's the common spelling here in the US and gets far more Google hits. No offense. Pakaran (ark a pan) 05:03, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I didn't realize there was a policy, and haven't been involved in the wikiproject either, for that matter. I guess I was a bit startled to see an article at a name I don't think I'd ever seen in my life.  I'll go ahead and leave it there.  Sorry.  Pakaran (ark a pan) 05:33, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Image:HH wave.jpg
Since I uploaded this image and posted it on the article Dalai Lama, what should I do? Should I take it down? --User:Hottentot

Another question
What does it mean if the image qualifies as fair use?

--User:Hottentot

Hi, I am trying to reduce the number of page. Danny 10:08, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Juggling and Toss juggling
Hi, I see we have the articles Juggling and Toss juggling, but it seems that the juggling article is about 10 larger than the toss juggling article and almost exclusively on toss juggling. You asked to not have the toss juggling article merged with the juggling article, do you still feel that way? Matt 01:55, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes. The Juggling article should eventually include examples of all types of juggling and juggling related arts, butToss juggling is a specific subset that, it seems to me, will tend to overwhelm the Juggling article and overshadow all of the many other types of juggling.

 * Juggling in my opinion should be used as a hub article to facilitate access to ALL of the Juggling Arts, since 'juggling' is obviously the most likely place for someone to start looking for info on juggling arts.

 * I feel that the fact that, as you pointed out "the juggling article is about 10 larger than the toss juggling article and almost exclusively on toss juggling" can best be remedied by adding information on juggling in general or on specific 'other forms besides Toss' juggling. Obviously you have an interest in the Juggling constellation, what is your opinion(s) regarding the article?  Are you a juggler?  Or is there a different reason you are interested?  What direction would you like to take the 'juggling constellation'?  I am interested any ideas or suggestions you have. You can answer here or on my page, I'll see it either way.  Feel free to copy our discussion to any relevant discuss pages if appropriate. Thanks for asking my opinion as well.Pedant 22:12, 2005 May 5 (UTC)

Biography portal
Hi Matt, I love the idea of the biography portal.. Would you be kind enough to include on it a direct link to my pet project, the DoCB initiative project, a wikiproject to create wikipedia articles for all individuals with entries in the Dictionary of Canadian Biography? Cheers, Fawcett5 02:12, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * WikiProject_Wikiportals and WikiProject_Biography if you haven't already. We're trying to sort all this out a bit better. Quinobi 28 June 2005 23:22 (UTC)

Nursing diagnoses
Aloha, Matt. I know you are a nursing student, but do you have a citation for Many nurses feel, however, that nursing diagnoses are an ivory tower mentality and are not relevant to clinical practice. Thanks for any help you can offer. --Viriditas | Talk 00:58, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, that link you provided was interesting. It would be great if you could track down that journal article as a reference, although now that you've given me something to go on, I'll make an attempt to find it myself. I was wondering if you had time to comment on the utility of providing nursing diagnoses on Drug abuse.  I recently added them to the page, but would appreciate any criticism you could offer. --Viriditas  | Talk 01:28, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your comments on drug abuse. I really appreciate it. --Viriditas | Talk 03:11, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

List of drugs
I realize Num-Ab is too small but don't think of the division from top to bottom. Think from bottom to top (Ac) which is reasonably large to have its own page. --Just my 2 cents -- Hemanshu 23:41, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Confabulation
I hope I'm doing this correctly but if I'm not please excuse this novice....

I read Matt's note re confabulation. I was wondering if anyone interested in that phenomenon has any information as to whether or not it's possible that an individual while confabulating, though aware of the fact that he/she is so doing, cannot control the need to avoid embarrasment so that he/she must make statements contrary to the known embarrasing reality?

List of drugs
It is my personal opinion that the new organization is better. Regarding any mistakes I made, I am sorry for them. --Just my 2 cents -- Hemanshu 23:23, 31 July 2005 (UTC)

Nursing page
You gave no explanation on why Wikipedia doesn't allow nursing career links. Unless you give me an explanation, I'm going to challenge your decision. Also, you only gave a vague reason why the nursing image was removed. What should I have written to satisfy you? Reynoldsrapture 16:21, August 7, 2005 (UTC)

Fair enough. I'll not argue with you on the picture. You obviously know what you are talking about. But as for the links, it would be my pleasure to give an indepth review of each of those nurse links, decide which ones should stay or go, and let you know my results before I change anything. I'm a nursing student, as you are also, and I believe the Johnson and Johnson site to be the one of the best informational nursing websites I have ever visited. I'm sure it would add to the value of the nurse page on Wikipedia, not detract from it. Since I'm new at this, I'll kindly let you have the last thought here. Reynoldsrapture 20:15, August 7, 2005 (UTC)

Shoe polish
Hi Mark, thanks for your comments on the shoe polish article. I will endeavour to work upon them. Good luck with the nursing. Proto t c 14:34, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Help
Shot in the dark, noticed your edit on Motorhead - two Motorhead singles I fully believe deserve their own places are up for VfD (after I undid redirects from live singles to album singles, the author of the redirects immediately put both up for VfD), it'll ruin the timeline and incomplete the discography, would you help by voting to keep if you feel so inlclined. Ace of Spades (song; live) and Motörhead (song; live) are ther ones in question. thanks, Alf 12:21, 13 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing out potential copyvio, have emailed "talk to the band" on the band's official site (fao Lemmy) to ask him if they are and can wiki use them. Meantime I've removed all of the singles' lyrics. Is there anything else that would concern you about the articles? Alf 22:00, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Copyright volation
Hi Matt, Thanks for your volunteering in checking pages for copyright violation. Anyway, the text on the pages is written by me or by my organisation (The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade). I would appreciate if you could put my pages back to the original state.

thanks --Rukawa 08:04, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Photo on tortilla chip
Matt - Just letting you know I moved the photo you placed on tortilla chip to tortilla since the machine pictured is actually just making tortillas, not tortilla chips. I am also working on moving the commons image and creating a labelled version describing the machine's functions. -SCEhardt 00:09, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Emergency room / Emergency department
Thank you for your excellent photograph for the Emergency department article. I wonder if you would like to support this article at Article improvement drive. Perhaps one day your photo will be part of a featured article.--File Éireann 12:29, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

Shoe polish
Thanks Matt. I don't know if I have the strength to get another article featured, but it is really good to see the hard work pay off. Proto t c 12:17, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

ATC code N03
The ATC code for Stiripentol can be found at Temporary lists of new ATC codes, DDDs and alterations from the October meeting 2005. Those codes are, I suppose, not yet official.

Airphoto
Thank you for your response at Wikipedia talk:Copyrights. I honestly thought it was copyright/free use because the image is just a screenshot of a GIS layer freely available on the government website. Land surveyors (in my region) use these and submit them to me as part of their land-use applications (usually oil/gas-related development out in the middle of nowhere). This was challenged at Featured article candidates/Chetwynd, British Columbia and made me investigate. So, there is no tag that would allow this image in this article? --maclean 25 07:23, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks...
Hi - thanks for your comments on Talk:Tan Malaka - much appreciated. I'll take a look at clarifying a few things shortly.. CDC (talk) 03:06, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Image:Malwapoppy.jpg

 * I had taken it. I've put it in PD-self. Thanks! deeptrivia (talk) 13:39, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Image:Lu Xun.jpg
Please delete the abovementioned image. i have no info on its copyright status though it's quite unlikely to exist. i uploaded it when i was still unclear about these irritating copyright issues. Thanks. --Plastictv 15:23, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Image:Luxair9642.jpg
I just got this message from you, beginning: Thanks for uploading Image:Luxair9642.jpg...

The image is from a news report about the aircraft crash and as the article is about the crash, I assume fair use applies? I'd appreciate some guidance on this. --Jumbo 19:42, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for the pointers. After reviewing the relevant polices and commentary, I agree with you that this does not constitute fair use. The potential market for whoever owns the copyright would seem to be limited to books and websites of a reference or historical nature, and that includes us. However, I wonder whether reducing the resolution of the image to thumbnail size might be an adequate solution? A link to the original web source could then give access to the higher resolution copy. IIRC this already exists under "External Links".

At the time of uploading I used other articles as a guide, noting how they sourced and described their images. --Jumbo 01:11, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Image:Lu Xun Residence.jpg
Oh my i guess i must have jumped headlong into an uploading frenzy when i first joined the project. Delete please! Thanks a lot once again for your help. --Plastictv 01:44, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Patient care
Hi, the move to the tb was an error. "Patient care" was moved to "Nursing care". The bad tb page was redirected to tb so it would go somewhere. You might also take a look at "Certified Nursing Assistant" which covers mostly skills which should be in a separate article. Also I put "Morning care" up for deletion. THB 04:24, 26 January 2006 (UTC) Sorry for all of that. I'm not sure it makes sense to me! THB 04:31, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:MattKingston/archive1


text:
Sobin Yamada

Sobin Yamada is the 26th abbot of Shinju-an, a subtemple of the important Rinzai Zen temple of Daitoku-ji in Kyoto. Shinju-an is the memorial temple for Ikkyu. Yamada studied at Hanazono, a Rinzai university in Kyoto, and at Ryukoku University.

title: Sobin Yamada


text:
Dizin

Dizin is an Iranian ski resort. It is located in the Alborz mountain range, about 70 km North from Tehran. It was established during the 1960s.

Dizin is the first ski and winter sport resort in Iran which has been officially recognized and granted the title by the International Ski Federation for its capability in administering official and international competitions.

The ski season in Dizin lasts from December to May. The highest ski lift reaches 3600 m.

Ski resort
Dizin ski amenities include hotels, cottages, restaurants, villas and private apartments.

Ski area
The ski area includes 4 gondolas, 3 chairlifts, and 9 surface lifts. Dizin is 70 km north of the capital city of Tehran.

title: Dizin


text:
File:Hostage poster.JPG

Promotional poster for Hostage (2005 film), used to illustrate article, copyrighted, no free alternative, low resolution.

Fair use in Hostage (2005 film)
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.

he:תמונה:Hostage poster.jpg

title: File:Hostage poster.JPG


text: User:Millery

title: User:Millery


text:
Hostage (2005 film)

Hostage is a 2005 American action thriller film directed by Florent-Emilio Siri. The film was based on the 2001 novel of the same name by Robert Crais, and was adapted for the screen by Doug Richardson. The film stars Bruce Willis, who co-produced the film, as the police chief who takes place as the negotiator when the family of a wealthy accountant is held hostage by three teenagers.

The film earned negative reviews from critics and becoming a box-office bomb, grossing $77 million against its $75 million budget.

Plot
Former L.A. SWAT officer Jeff Talley is a hostage negotiator in Los Angeles. One day, Talley negotiates with an abusive man who has taken his own wife and son hostage after learning his wife was cheating on him. Shortly after Talley denies a SWAT commander's request to give snipers the order to open fire, the despondent husband kills his wife, son, and himself. Traumatized, Talley moves with his family and becomes police chief in Bristo Camino, a suburban hamlet in nearby Ventura County.

A year later, Talley finds himself in another hostage situation when two teenagers, Dennis Kelly and his brother Kevin, and their accomplice Marshall "Mars" Krupcheck take the accountant Walter Smith and his two children, teenage Jennifer and young Tommy, hostage in Smith's house after a failed robbery attempt. The first officer to respond is shot twice by Mars just before Talley arrives. Talley attempts to rescue the officer, but she dies in front of him. Traumatized and unwilling to put himself through another tragedy, Talley hands authority over to the Ventura County Sheriff's Department and leaves.

Smith has been laundering money for a mysterious criminal syndicate through offshore shell corporations. He was preparing to turn over a batch of important encrypted files recorded on a DVD when he was taken hostage. To prevent the incriminating evidence from being discovered, the syndicate orders someone known only as the Watchman to kidnap Talley's wife and daughter. Talley is instructed to return to the hostage scene, regain authority, and stall for time until the organization can launch its own attack against Smith's house.

Dennis forces Kevin and Mars to tie up the children, while he knocks out Smith and finds a large amount of cash. In an attempt to end the standoff and secure the DVDs himself, Talley meets with Dennis and agrees to provide a helicopter in exchange for half of the money. When the helicopter arrives, Dennis and Kevin bring the money to Talley and prepare to leave, but Mars refuses to leave without Jennifer, with whom he has become infatuated. Talley says the helicopter will only carry three additional people and insists that Jennifer stay behind, but the deal breaks down and the boys return to the house. Talley learns that Mars is a psychopathic killer who could turn on the hostages and his own accomplices at any moment. Mars does, in fact, kill Dennis and Kevin, just as Kevin is about to release the children.

The syndicate sends fake FBI agents to recover the DVD and they storm the house; Talley is instructed to not go near the house. Jennifer stabs Mars and locks herself and Tommy in the panic room. Hearing their screams, Talley breaches the house and is attacked by Mars, who then kills most of the fake agents using his pistol and multiple Molotov cocktails. Mars is then shot in the side by the only surviving agent. The agent tracks down Talley and the children, and demands the encrypted DVD. After Talley gives him the DVD, Mars reappears, distracting the agent long enough to be killed by Talley. Mars then prepares to throw his last Molotov, but collapses to his knees, weakened by his injuries. He makes eye contact with Jennifer, then drops the Molotov and immolates himself.

Talley escapes with the children by shooting the indoor glass waterfall, which extinguishes the fire. He and a recovered Smith then go to a rundown inn where Talley's wife and daughter are being held captive by the Watchman and his crew. Smith, feigning hatred for Talley, is freed in exchange for the family. While demanding that the Watchman kill Talley, Smith shoots the Watchman. This allows Talley to kill the other gunmen and rescue his family.

Cast

 * Bruce Willis as Police Chief Jeff Talley
 * Kevin Pollak as Walter Smith
 * Ben Foster as Marshall "Mars" Krupcheck
 * Jonathan Tucker as Dennis Kelly
 * Michelle Horn as Jennifer Smith, Walter's daughter
 * Jimmy Bennett as Tommy Smith, Walter's son
 * Tina Lifford as Deputy Sheriff Laura Shoemaker
 * Kim Coates as The Watchman / Glen Howell
 * Serena Scott Thomas as Jane Talley, Jeff's wife
 * Rob Knepper as Wil Bechler
 * Marshall Allman as Kevin Kelly, Dennis's younger brother
 * Rumer Willis as Amanda Talley, Jeff & Jane's daughter
 * Ransford Doherty as Officer Mike Anders
 * Marjean Holden as Officer Carol Flores
 * Michael D. Roberts as Bob Ridley, Paramedic
 * Art LaFleur as Officer Bill Jorgenson
 * Keith Hines as Simmons
 * Randy McPherson as Kovak
 * Hector Luis Bustamante as Officer Ruiz
 * Kathryn Joosten as Officer Louise
 * Johnny Messner as Mr. Jones
 * Glenn Morshower as Lieutenant Leifitz
 * Jamie McShane as Joe Mack
 * Jimmy Pinchak as Sean Mack

Production
The film's plot is roughly the same as Crais's novel. The main difference is that the novel's complicated subplot involving powerful West Coast Mafia crime lord Sonny Benza was removed, with the film giving little explanation of Walter Smith's criminal associates. The film also makes the first group of hostage-takers somewhat younger in age than depicted in the novel. In addition, the criminal syndicate in the film were portrayed as mysterious criminals rather than a regular Mafia.

Filming took place in the Malibu area (in western Los Angeles County). The exterior views of Smith's lavishly appointed house were filmed at a real house in the unincorporated Topanga Canyon area, between Malibu and Los Angeles; the interior scenes were done on sound stages in Hollywood.

The character Mars, played by Ben Foster, was modeled after Bay Area rap artist Mars by Robert Crais after a friend Dennis Bsharah urged him to look into the horrorcore genre. In the movie adaptation, Foster strongly resembles the rapper. Jonathan Tucker's name was later changed to Dennis.

The movie's opening scenes were filmed in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of East Los Angeles, just east of downtown.

The fictional city of Bristo Camino was possibly intended to be a representation of Ojai or Moorpark. Bristo Bay is the name of Bristo Camino in the 2001 Robert Crais novel.

Home media
Hostage was released on DVD & VHS June 21, 2005.

Box office
The film earned $34.6 million at the United States box office and a total worldwide gross of $77.6 million.

It made $9.8 million from 2,123 theaters in its opening weekend, finishing fourth.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 35% based on 158 reviews, with an average rating of 5.08/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Grisly and cliched, audiences may feel they're being held Hostage." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100 based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four, writing: "In scenes where a hero must outgun four or five armed opponents, however, Hostage does use the reliable action movie technique of cutting from one target to the next, so that we never see what the others are doing while the first ones are being shot. Waiting for their closeups, I suppose."

title: Hostage (2005 film)