text:
User talk:198.200.181.205

Hi. Good job spotting and removing that vandalism.

Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikipedia, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
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We hope you enjoy your time here on Wikipedia and that you choose to become a Wikipedian by  [ creating an account] . Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, you should sign your name to your posts and comments with ~~~~.

Cheers, -- Infrogmation 21:22, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

August 2007
Please do not add content without citing reliable sources, as you did to Come & Go. Before making potentially controversial edits, it is recommended that you discuss them first on the article's talk page. Thank you. Spellcast 13:25, 18 August 2007 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

February 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Stephenb (Talk) 19:40, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Stephenb (Talk) 19:40, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. -- Shelf Skewed  Talk  19:08, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. -- Shelf Skewed  Talk  19:10, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Anonymous users from this IP address have been blocked from editing for in accordance with Wikipedia's blocking policy. If you have a registered Wikipedia username, you may  [ log in]  and continue to edit. Otherwise, once the block has expired, you are welcome to make constructive contributions. If you believe this block is unjustified, you may contest the block by adding the text below.  jj137  (talk)  19:15, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

October 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. William Avery (talk) 13:24, 16 October 2008 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make any unconstructive edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant warnings.

The recent edit you made to Sean Fitzpatrick constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. XF Lawtalk at me 13:51, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Your edits to February 21
Dear 198.200.181.205, Some of your [ edits] on the page February 21 have been undone by PseudoBot, a robot built to keep the date pages tidy. The problems are:
 * No Wikipedia page has been linked to.

If a Wikipedia page for the person already exists, add a link to it (by putting it in doubled square brackets Like this ) and try again. If it doesn't yet exist, read this page carefully before creating it. In particular, you shouldn't create a page about yourself or anyone you know personally. If this bot has got it wrong (as can unfortunately happen), please accept its author's apologies, and (if you would like) leave a message on this talk page with the details, so it can be improved. Please see this page for help. PseudoBot (talk) 18:38, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

March 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page The Real Housewives of Atlanta has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Kingpin13 (talk) 15:29, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page The Real Housewives of New York City. Such edits constitute defacement and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Kingpin13 (talk) 15:55, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to The Real Housewives of New York City. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Techman224 Talk  15:56, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you deface a page, as you did with this edit to The Real Housewives of New York City. Kingpin13 (talk) 15:59, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

May 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Endocrine gland has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. William Avery (talk) 19:25, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

September 2009
Thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you may want to do. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. -- k a i n a w ™ 23:04, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

Please do not delete content or templates from pages on Wikipedia without giving a valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. Your content removal does not appear constructive, and has been reverted. Please make use of the sandbox if you'd like to experiment with test edits. Thank you.--Alchemist Jack (talk) 16:48, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

October 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to the page Chesapeake Bay has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. CalumH93 (talk) 22:52, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Chesapeake Bay. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Coldplay  Expert  22:54, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Chesapeake Bay. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. CalumH93 (talk) 22:57, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

December 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. A8 UDI  18:51, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

March 2010
This is the only warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing.

April 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page Fear has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Orphan Wiki 12:56, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Fear. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. – iride  scent  12:59, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

July 2010
Hello, your edit to August Wilson was reverted because it was unconstructive, please use the sandbox for test edits--Lerdthenerd (talk) 13:29, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

Hello, your edit to August Wilson was reverted again because it was unconstructive, please don't add nonsense to articles--Lerdthenerd (talk) 13:32, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page August Wilson has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Orphan Wiki 13:33, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page August Wilson. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Orphan Wiki 13:34, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

September 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Stone, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Pinethicket (talk) 14:54, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

October 2010
Welcome to Wikipedia. While everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your contributions, such as your recent edit to Amicable number, did not appear to be constructive and was automatically reverted by DASHBot.
 * Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
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 * Click here to submit a false positive report.
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Thanks, DASHBot Anti-Vandalism (talk) 14:41, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page WebCT has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. DARTH SIDIOUS 2 (Contact) 13:33, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Western School of Technology and Environmental Science. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. DARTH SIDIOUS 2 (Contact) 13:39, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

June 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Palestine Liberation Organization has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. thoriyan 13:43, 20 June 2011 (UTC)

September 2011
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Bone marrow, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you! Thank you. -- jbergste (u) (t) (c) 16:24, 19 September 2011 (UTC)

November 2011
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Internet privacy, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Jncraton (talk) 18:13, 11 November 2011 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

February 2012
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Web crawler, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. West.andrew.g (talk) 19:05, 8 February 2012 (UTC)

November 2012
Hello, I'm Teammm. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Same-sex marriage in Maryland because it didn't appear constructive. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! Teammm $talk email$ 04:23, 21 November 2012 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

March 2013
Hello, I'm Widr. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to GameFAQs, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks, Widr (talk) 16:01, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

Help Request
I have a content dispute spreading across multiple pro wrestling articles with a user named User:Ribbon Salminen. He has reverted me each time, has failed to respond to my talk page threads or a post on his user talk page, asserted that he is so unconditionally right that he doesn't have to talk to me, and is now identifying my edits as vandalism. I'm a former editor who left wikipedia out of frustration with dealing with the likes of Ribbon Salminen - how can he be forced to discuss the dispute rather than just revert and accuse me of vandalism? See Talk:Cima (wrestler) 198.200.181.205 (talk) 16:14, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

 * I have fully protected Cima (wrestler) for 3 days to stop the edit warring, and asked everyone to engage on the article talk page. I noticed that nobody had discussed the issue on the article's talk page, so that should probably be the primary venue for discussion. However, if you think the dispute can't be resolved at the one article, or you'd like assistance working together, please open a thread at the dispute resolution noticeboard.

 * As an aside, since your IP apparently changes from time to time, I suggest that it may be easier to collaborate with other editors if you register for (and use) a username. Of course, this isn't required, and at all times you should be treated with the same dignity and respect given to registered users. —Darkwind (talk) 18:38, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

...
Funny that someone who just called me a "self-appointed hall monitor" and "nitwit", is seconds later crying about personal attacks. Get a fucking grip. Your edits are against guidelines and they're automatically identified as vandalism, because they are that. The English stable names are made up by one fan site and are not the correct official names. The Japanese names are used by, among other sites, Dragon Gate (albeit, spelled in hiragana, katakana and kanji). No one halfway decent editor complains about my edits. Just "nitwit" IP editors like you pop up every once in a while and start pissing and moaning about some stupid bullshit when they don't have a leg to stand on.リボン・サルミネン (Ribbon Salminen) (talk) 16:21, 11 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Oh, yeah, I'm sitting here crying my eyes out because someone on the internet (who I have zero respect for) called a hallway monitor. Jesus christ... Notice that I told you days ago to go and start a discussion on your thoughts about the guideline and what other people think about it.リボン・サルミネン (Ribbon Salminen) (talk) 16:36, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

October 2013
Hello, I'm Oddbodz. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Corporate governance, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Oddbodz (talk) 18:53, 28 October 2013 (UTC)

October 2014
Please do not add or change content, as you did to List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel, without verifying it by citing a reliable source. Please review the guidelines at Citing sources and take this opportunity to add references to the article. Caution for unsourced inflation of numbers (and don't try to add the "source" you added on Bangladesh Armed Forces, it's a user contributed source, and not WP:RS). Thomas.W talk 15:20, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Please stop adding unsourced content, as you did to List of countries by level of military equipment. This contravenes Wikipedia's policy on verifiability. If you continue to do so, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. ''Warning for unsourced inflation of numbers. '' Thomas.W talk 15:28, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you add unsourced material to Wikipedia, as you did at List of countries by GDP (PPP). ''Final warning for unsourced inflation of numbers. '' Thomas.W talk 15:34, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

April 2015
Hello, I'm Flyer22. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Pine because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Flyer22 (talk) 23:04, 1 April 2015 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Pine. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in loss of editing privileges. DemocraticLuntz (talk) 15:36, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Travis Barker, you may be blocked from editing. Binksternet (talk) 17:47, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

September 2015
Hello, I'm Donner60. Your recent edit to the page Pine appears to have added incorrect information, so I removed it for now. If you believe the information was correct, please cite a reliable source or discuss your change on the article's talk page. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Donner60 (talk) 22:03, 9 September 2015 (UTC)

March 2016
Hello, I'm Dcirovic. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Pine has been undone because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Dcirovic (talk) 15:33, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Pine. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Dcirovic (talk) 17:25, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

October 2016
Hello, I'm Serols. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Macbeth— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Serols (talk) 16:54, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

July 2017
Hello, I'm Gamaliel. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Hadiyah-Nicole Green have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Gamaliel ( talk ) 15:16, 10 July 2017 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

October 2017
Hello, I'm Plantsurfer. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Pine have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Plant surfer 17:39, 16 October 2017 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

November 2017
Hello, I'm Samf4u. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Racial inequality in the United States— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Samf4u (talk) 18:44, 16 November 2017 (UTC)

March 2020
Hello, I'm Bruce1ee. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Depression (mood) have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the help desk. Thanks. —Bruce1eetalk 17:43, 10 March 2020 (UTC)

January 2023
Hello, I'm Materialscientist. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions—specifically this edit to David Gibbs (businessman)—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. Materialscientist (talk) 21:47, 11 January 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:198.200.181.205


text:
William James Erasmus Wilson

Sir William James Erasmus Wilson FRCS FRS (25 November 1809 – 7 August 1884), generally known as Sir Erasmus Wilson, was an English surgeon and dermatologist.

Biography
Wilson was born in London, studied at Dartford Grammar School before St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, and at the University of Aberdeen, and early in life became known as a skilful surgeon and dissector.

It was his sympathy with the poor of London and a suggestion from Mr. Thomas Wakley of The Lancet, of which he acted for a time as sub-editor, which first led him to take up skin diseases as a special study. The cases of scrofula, anaemia, and blood-poisoning which he saw made him set to work to alleviate the suffering of persons so afflicted, and he quickly established a reputation for treating this class of patients. It was said that he treated the rich by ordering them to give up luxuries; the poor by prescribing for them proper nourishment, which was often provided out of his own pocket. In the opinion of one of his biographers, we owe to Wilson in great measure the habit of the daily bath, and he helped very much to bring the Victorian Turkish bath into use in Great Britain, and in the process writing a number of works on spas, baths and thermo-therapy, all of which overlap in their content.

Indeed, his works on spas, baths, and thermo-therapy were directly related to his work on the health of skin. His earliest such works on this topic outlined the relationship between various applications of water, vapour baths, the action of heat and cold through such media on the action of the skin, and the relationship between this and health in general. Moreover, his works had a direct impact on the hydrotherapy movement of the time (then known as hydropathy), and the overlapping sanitary reform movement. He applauded the establishment of Public Baths and Wash-houses, as "amongst the noblest of the institutions…as they are one of the greatest discoveries of the present age", and dedicated his 1854 book Healthy Skin to another sanitary reform proponent, Edwin Chadwick "In admiration of his strenuous and indefatigable labors in the cause of Sanitary Reform".

Nor was Wilson shy of saying what needed to be said in the promotion of sanitary reform. In Metcalfe's (1877) work on sanitary reform and all the above-mentioned overlaps, he describes the Chinese vapour baths. After describing the bathing establishments as a whole, he describes the bathing room itself, "which is about thirty feet by twenty, and is filled with hot steam or vapour":

The entire floor, except a narrow space round the sides, is occupied by a hot-water bath from one to eighteen inches deep. The furnace is outside, and the flues are carried under the centre of the bath. In the hazy light of this room may be seen the perspiring Chinamen disperting themselves in the shallow water, until, when cleansed to their satisfaction, they return to the cooling room, there to regale themselves with cups of tea and pipes of tobacco. All classes of Chinese frequent these bathing establishments. Mr Ellis, in his "Journal of the Embassy to China (1816)," says of this Chinese cleansing apparatus, that it is "disgusting," but says Mr Erasmus Wilson, "What would Mr Ellis say of a country in which there existed no cleansing apparatus whatever? For example, his own.

Wilson wrote much upon the diseases which specially occupied his attention, and his books, A Healthy Skin and Student's Book of Diseases of the Skin, though they were not received without criticism at the time of their appearance, long remained text-books of their subject. He visited the East to study leprosy, Switzerland to investigate the causes of goitre, and Italy with the purpose of adding to his knowledge of the skin diseases affecting an ill-nourished peasantry.

He was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1881, and died at Westgate-on-Sea, Kent in 1884. He had married Charlotte Mary Doherty in 1841; they had no children. After the death of his wife, the bulk of his property, some £200,000, went to the Royal College of Surgeons.

Philanthropic works

He made a large fortune by his successful practice and by skilful investments, and since he had no family he devoted a great deal of his money to charitable and educational purposes. In 1869 he founded the chair and museum of dermatology in the Royal College of Surgeons, of which he was chosen president in 1881, and which just before his death awarded him its honorary gold medal, which had been founded in 1800 and only awarded on six previous occasions. He also founded a professorship of pathology at the University of Aberdeen and paid for the vast medical library at the Hunterian Museum, London where his bust takes pride of place at the end of the library.

In 1878 he earned the thanks of the nation on different grounds, by defraying the expense of bringing the Egyptian obelisk called Cleopatra's Needle from Alexandria to London, where it was erected on the Thames Embankment. The British Government had not thought it worth the expense of transportation. This is now one of London's best known landmarks. Erasmus Wilson was also closely associated with the Royal Medical Benevolent College in Epsom, Surrey, now Epsom College. One of the boarding houses 'Wilson House' established in 1873 is named after him and carries his name on the foundation stone located to the north east corner of the building, right of the entrance.

Famous statements
1878: "When the Paris Exhibition closes, electric light will close with it and no more be heard of."

Text above was based on an entry from the 1902 edition of Britannica, It may need some updating or revision

Published works as known

 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * (Reprinted from the British Medical Journal). Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * (Reprinted from the British Medical Journal). Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 * Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)

Note: Internet Archives lists more copies of some of these titles. Not all were checked. Some may be duplicates, and some may be later editions. The sample above shows that some titles had multiple subsequent editions. Also for books prior to 1881, Wilson did not have the title Sir, as he had not yet been knighted.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: William James Erasmus Wilson


text:
Beagle Bros

Beagle Bros was an American software company that specialized in creating personal computing products. Their primary focus was on the Apple II family of computers. Although they ceased business in 1991, owner Mark Simonsen permitted the Beagle Bros name and logo to be included on the 30th anniversary reboot of I. O. Silver, released on December 12, 2014 by former Beagle programmer Randy Brandt.

History
Beagle Bros was founded in 1980 by Bert Kersey and expanded over the years to include a wide variety of staff members, programmers, and designers. Whereas most software companies focused on professional users and business systems, Kersey founded the company with the intention of capitalizing on the "hobbyist" market that had formed when affordable personal computers became more readily available. Apple Mechanic allowed users to create their own shape tables (an early form of sprites) to create their own games, DOS Boss let users patch the disk operating system, and Beagle Bag had a number of games written in BASIC that people could utilize. Beagle Bros' catalog and print advertisements featured many playful programming tips about the Apple II system, many in the form of short Applesoft BASIC programs that took advantage of undocumented or unexpected behavior. Beagle Bros used woodcut and other 19th century artwork in its printed designs.

When the Apple IIGS was released, Beagle Bros was among the first companies to release content for the platform. Both Platinum Paint and BeagleWrite GS (acquired and repackaged) are still regarded as being among the high points of commercial IIGS software.

Beagle Bros began producing add-ons for the AppleWorks, its first being the MacroWorks keyboard shortcut utility by Randy Brandt. Beagle Bros programmer Alan Bird later devised an API for creating AppleWorks add-ons, which they dubbed TimeOut. TimeOut programmers Alan Bird, Randy Brandt and Rob Renstrom were tapped by Claris to develop AppleWorks 3.0, and the TimeOut API itself became a part of AppleWorks with version 4.0. Eventually the TimeOut API was made public and a number of non-Beagle TimeOut applications were released.

In 1991, Mark Simonsen licensed the Beagle Bros Apple II line to Quality Computers. Quality Computers subsequently went through several acquisitions and no longer exists. Multiple Beagle Bros products were released as freeware in the mid-1990s, including most of the company's early utilities and games. Today, their programs are available on the Internet.

BeagleWorks, the company's main Macintosh product, was licensed to WordPerfect Corporation in 1992, where it became WordPerfect Works. This product was later discontinued after WordPerfect was acquired by Novell. The company also produced a few small Macintosh and PC utilities.

Many former employees have continued to be involved in the software industry, such as Joe Holt who co-authored iMovie, and Alan Bird who worked on Eudora and the OneClick shortcut utility for Macintosh. Randy Brandt created Online Army Knife, an award-winning Macintosh spell checker, and continued publishing AppleWorks products through his JEM Software spin-off. Mark Munz created Deja ][, which allows AppleWorks to run under Mac OS X. The company's founder, Bert Kersey, started a model train company after selling Beagle Bros, and is now retired.

title: Beagle Bros


text: User talk:192.223.243.5

title: User talk:192.223.243.5


text:
Mapledurham Lock

Mapledurham Lock is a lock and weir situated on the River Thames in England, about 4 miles upstream of Reading. The lock was first built in 1777 by the Thames Navigation Commissioners and the present lock dates from 1908.

Despite its name, the lock is located in the Berkshire village and civil parish of Purley-On-Thames on the south bank of the river, rather than in the Oxfordshire village of Mapledurham on the other side of the river. The lock is accessible from Purley village down Mapledurham Drive, a metalled lane that turns to gravel. The weir stretches across the river, in both counties.

The weir runs from the lock island in a long curve across the river between the two villages. However no access is possible across the weir, and without a boat, journeys between the two villages require a lengthy detour via Reading or Pangbourne. The weir still provides a head of water to drive Mapledurham Watermill which is on the opposite side of the river. The weir is also the furthest upstream on the Thames that has a salmon ladder.

History
Mapledurham mill dates back to Domesday Book, and the weir was probably connected to it then, although the earliest extant reference to the weir is from the time of Edward I. The mill was attached to the property of Mapledurham House, owned by the Blount family, who have always had an interest in the weir. There was a flash lock at the weir but passage through this was stopped at the opening of the pound lock in 1777. The lock was built of fir on the Purley side of the river and was to be called Purley Lock. However local custom retained the old name. A cottage was ordered for the lock-keeper in 1816. During the 19th century there were disputes between the lock-keeper William Sheppard and the Blount family. However despite Blount's representations to the Conservators, Sheppard remained in post for 54 years, retiring at the age of 79. A new and greatly enlarged lock was built beside the old one in 1908.

Mapledurham Mill is still functioning across the river from the lock, making this the only lock and weir combination on the Thames that supports the two functions that were originally the norm on river navigations. As both mill and navigation are now principally tourist enterprises, this no longer leads to the sort of conflicts between milling and navigation interests that were once common on the river.

Reach above the lock
The river is in open country nearly all the way to Pangbourne and has been described by Robert Gibbings writing in 1939 (Sweet Thames Run Softly) as so crowded with views "they might have dropped from the gold frames of the Royal Academy".

After Mapledurham, Hardwick House is visible on the northern side of the river. Pangbourne Meadows, owned by the National Trust, lie to the south of the river before Whitchurch Bridge. This toll bridge crosses the river between Pangbourne and Whitchurch. Between the bridge and Whitchurch Lock, the River Pang joins the Thames from the south.

The Thames Path follows the southern bank to Whitchurch Bridge, where it crosses the river. (Although this is a toll bridge, pedestrians are no longer charged).

The artist E. H. Shepherd who illustrated The Wind in the Willows made many drawings in this area, and Toad Hall is said to be based on either Mapledurham House or Hardwick House, home of Charles Day Rose, nearby.

title: Mapledurham Lock


text:
User talk:Ivanjs

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:25, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Images and media for deletion
Just to let you know that I've listed for deletion three images you uploaded (Image:Nurnies3.jpg, Image:Nurnies4.jpg, & Image:Nurnies6.jpg), as they don't seem to be encyclopedic. See Images and media for deletion for details. --Calton | Talk 13:26, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Copyrights
As you have stated you are the copyright holder, your text on your Nurnie page has been restored. If you put text you have copyrighted and used elsewhere earlier, it might help to note that fact on an article talk page so we can be sure it is released under GFDL. It would be a good idea to tag the status of any images of yours you upload, see Images and Image copyright tags for details, thanks. -- Infrogmation 17:45, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ivanjs


text:
User talk:Lolol~enwiki

Do I take it women scare you?--Jirate 21:25, 2004 Dec 1 (UTC)

Image on Clitoris
Please don't remove it again. I have already given fair warning that those who remove will be blocked for a short period of time. Please see the talk:clitoris page. - Ta bu shi da yu 22:24, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, you violated the 3RR. You already have been blocked. - Ta bu shi da yu 00:46, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Lolol. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Lolol~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:11, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:34, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lolol~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Code of Iowa

Code of Iowa
This stub has no reason to exist on its own when it could have a perfectly good home under Iowa. I've performed that demerging.

While we're here, maybe we should also look at Category:United States state legal codes, whose only other article is Official Code of Georgia which is of the same manner as this one, as well as Category:Iowa law which only contains this article.

Gotta love Deadend pages. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  ]] 21:26, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep all. A legal code is a distinct thing within the topic of a jurisdiction's law that can be studied in its own right apart from the substantive content.  The article on the legal code itself can describe the structure of the titles and subsections, the history of the code (when it was codified, major amendments/ renumbering), and how and where it is reported.  There is plenty to write on state law.  Don't try and stamp it out just because it's off to a small start.  Postdlf 22:31, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, the stub did not provide any such information that demanded its own article. The information is all valuable, but not as its own stub. There is no point to a stub that perfectly fits within another article. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  ]] 04:53, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. I really don't at all understand wanting to delete this one. It's a real thing. It affects the lives of the entire population of the state of Iowa. It has its own history. What's the reason to delete? If the information is already on another page, then redirect it. But delete? I don't get it. -Rholton 02:33, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The article contains no such history and nothing that warrants its own article. I merged its entire contents into Iowa in the "Law and government" section where it fits perfectly. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  ]] 04:53, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Kieth, the topic warrants its own article. If we don't have the content for it now, then we add the stub tag. Even if the topic itself is too small to warrant its own article, then it is merged into another article and redirected. That's Wikipedia practice and policy. -Rholton 05:07, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:Earth/Sandbox

Wong Chin Huat is a Malaysian political scientist, university lecturer, political activist and a columnist.

He was trained in political scientist at Universiti Malaya and later at Essex University.

{{

title: User:Earth/Sandbox


text:
Talk:E3

Creating Annual Pages
Suggestion to create a yearly page for future E3s like Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009, this would be similar to other large yearly conventions/awards like the Academy Awards which have yearly pages for each event like 81st Academy Awards. I believe the E3 expo is arguably the largest annual event in video gaming with almost every major console, portable, hardware or major accessory to be revealed at press conferences during the event. I believe there is also enough content due to the large coverage of the event by almost every major gaming new site like Kotaku, Gamespot, IGN and 1up.com, each year also contains many notable announcements such as new major video games or major developments regarding the gaming industry made there. There is also a lot of post event coverage including awards given to the games revealed, displayed or announced during the event. Each major gaming company would also usually make a promise or comment about the event in advance which shows how big a presence the event has in the industry.

Each page should have several sections like: Layout, Notable games showcased, Notable exhibitors, Press Conferences, Pre-show Hype, Media Coverage, Attendance, History, Awards.KiasuKiasiMan (talk) 11:11, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

There should also be pages for the E3's from 1996-2008 Inanimateinsanityfan27 (talk) 23:26, 19 April 2022 (UTC)

removed
RE: However, it did not replicate E3's success and was abandoned, whereas the E3 2009 returned to an open access format.

Added by an anon last year:

Open access?

The www.e3expo.com 2011 web page states:
 * Is the show open to the public?
 * No, E3 Expo is not open to the general public. E3 Expo is a trade event and only professionals from the industry will be allowed to attend. Individuals who are not able to document their direct and current professional affiliation to the interactive entertainment industry are not qualified to attend E3 Expo.

By open access what do you mean? Definitely not open to the public. I removed whereas the E3 2009 returned to an open access format. as it is incorrect or is misleading. Errectstapler (talk) 21:33, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

Title of page change?
I would like to know why these pages were changed from Electronic Entertainment Expo XXXX to just plain E3 XXXX without any type of consensus on the matter. To me, it just looks bland and pointless to point it out like that. We had it just fine with the original titles with a redirect to E3 2009-2019 present in every page. What's the issue here? Zacharyalejandro (talk) 16:51, 6 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Consensus was established here which I linked to in moving the pages. --M asem  (t) 17:02, 6 June 2019 (UTC)

Requested move 1 April 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Page moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) Jerm (talk) 00:50, 9 April 2020 (UTC)

Electronic Entertainment Expo → E3 – E3 already redirects here so it's the primary use. Prior discussion has already established that E3 is the COMMONNAME. I can't find the phrase "Electronic Entertainment Expo" anywhere on the E3 website anymore so that suggests that E3 no longer stands for anything (like KFC). Given E3's predicted demise, this seems like a good opportunity for some long-awaited housekeeping. Axem Titanium (talk) 18:43, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per nom.--Ortizesp (talk) 18:54, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Support FWIW, "Electronic Entertainment Expo" is still a live trademark but yes, its branded for all purpuses as E3. --M asem (t) 18:57, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Support move per above. However, it's WP:CRYSTAL to predict the demise of E3 as a whole; only its 2020 edition has been canceled.  O.N.R.  (talk) 20:39, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Just editorializing haha. It's not actually part of the move rationale. Axem Titanium (talk) 22:01, 1 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per nom.Timur9008 (talk) 6:03, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Support as per Axem Titanium. Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 07:00, 5 April 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Countdown of days in Infobox is stuck
It looks like the countdown of days until the next E3 is not counting down. I tried to figure out what the problem is, but have not had any luck. 100.36.75.182 (talk) 13:36, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

 * It seems to be working for me. Have you tried purging the page? — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 19:32, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Sorry for not getting back to this sooner. I had not tried that. I thought that the count down would be done automatically by a bot or on page load, but now I understand that that is not the way it works. I had been looking for a missing close curly brace or some such in the Infobox template use.100.36.75.182 (talk) 19:17, 3 May 2021 (UTC)

I think the 2021 name needs to be recognized as much as the name of the other editions
. Serouj2000 (talk) 23:16, 27 April 2021 (UTC)
 * As best we can tell it appears to be only a single use name and not a long-term or permanent change. We don't note in the lede, for example, the short term change to the "E3 Media and Business Summit" in 2007 and 2008 (the period when they cut attendance to just press), though it is documented in the body. We can document the E3 2021 name in the body and table without issue, just that it would be undue in the lede. --M asem (t) 23:26, 27 April 2021 (UTC)

Attendance
What exactly are we counting as attendance? How many people actually went to the event? If so then 2021's attendance would technically be 0 as it was online only. However if we're counting both how many people actually went to the event and how many people watched it online the E3 2021 would have more than 0. Blaze The Wolf | Proud Furry and Wikipedia Editor (talk) (Stupidity by me) 20:27, 27 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Attendance is mostly affirmed ticket sales reported by the ESA, and I would agree that 2021 would have a null attendance in comparison to the other events. We aren't tracking online viewership. --M asem (t) 00:25, 28 August 2021 (UTC)

E3 1999 and E3 2002 attendance
How are we going to know how many people went to E3 1999 and E3 2002? 99.209.40.250 (talk) 13:41, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

 * There are no readily-available sources for those numbers. If we can find them, that would be great. M asem (t) 13:47, 30 November 2022 (UTC)

"E³" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect E³ and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Randi Moth (talk) 13:39, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

I have some OC pics from E3 2003, would it be useful to add anywhere?
https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipO6HitcDUl2-hI1GFpPRnwY_-zUXzVGjmF9wf3sY2JvuEyqudYW06d13uIyVwPMsA?key=WFBlUnBfWGZYQ2pnRkZsam1qeHNRVmUycDUxVU5R ==

I have 13 HQ pics from the expo floor before opening, showing booths and some wide shots of many booths. 2600:6C50:B00:6A79:B908:3238:4F4A:EBEA (talk) 18:15, 29 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Don't know if you're still on Wikipedia but you should add them to the Wikimedia Commons page for E3. Atubofsilverware (talk) 17:24, 25 April 2024 (UTC)

E3 2023 Cancellation
Should we source which publisher showcases directly or implicitly contributed to the cancellation of this E3?

Also that paragraph in the intro does not make it clear that the practice of publisher-specific showcases, separate from E3 but in the same timeframe, began in previous years - THAT's why it was commonplace enough this year to merit cancellation. (See the edit from the last week in June). 99.229.43.127 (talk) 18:27, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

E3 Open to the public
The article states that E3 was always an industry only event, until 2017. This is incorrect. E3 was open to the public from '95 to '06. From 2007-2017 the event became "invitation only." Average attendance dropped from roughly 60,000 attendees to 3,000 - 7,000 afterwards. It wasn't until 2017 that E3 was reopened to the public. 68.160.172.90 (talk) 01:26, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:E3


text:
Bert Hellinger

Anton Hellinger (16 December 1925 – 19 September 2019 ), known as Bert Hellinger, was a German psychotherapist associated with a therapeutic method best known as Family Constellations and Systemic Constellations. In recent years, his work evolved beyond these formats into what he called Movements of the Spirit-Mind. Several thousand professional practitioners worldwide, influenced by Hellinger, but not necessarily following him, continue to apply and adapt his original insights to a broad range of personal, organizational and political applications.

Life
Anton Hellinger was born into a Catholic family in Leimen, Baden, Germany, in 1925. Hellinger stated that his parents' "particular form of Catholic faith provided the entire family with immunity against believing the distortions of National Socialism." At age 10, he left his family to attend a Catholic convent school run by the Order of the Jesuits in which he was later ordained and that sent him to South Africa as a missionary.

The local Hitler Youth Organization tried without success to recruit the teenage Bert Hellinger. This resulted in his being classified as 'Suspected of Being an Enemy of the People' In 1942, Hellinger was conscripted into the German army. He saw combat on the Western front. In 1945, he was captured and imprisoned in an Allied P.O.W. camp in Belgium. After escaping from the P.O.W. camp, Hellinger made his way back to Germany. Hellinger entered the Jesuits (Society of Jesus), a Catholic religious order, taking the religious name Suitbert, which is the source of his first name "Bert". He studied philosophy and theology at the University of Würzburg en route to his ordination as a priest. In the early 1950s, he was dispatched to South Africa where he was assigned to be a missionary to the Zulus. There he continued his studies at the University of Pietermaritzburg and the University of South Africa where he received a B.A. and a University Education Diploma, which entitled him to teach at public high schools.

Hellinger lived in South Africa for 16 years. During these years he served as a parish priest, teacher and, finally, as headmaster of a large school. He also had administrative responsibility for the entire diocesan district containing 150 schools. He became fluent in the Zulu language, participated in Zulu rituals, and gained an appreciation for the Zulu worldview.

His participation in a series of interracial, ecumenical training in group dynamics led by Anglican clergy in South Africa in the early 1960s laid the groundwork for his leaving the Catholic priesthood. From his point of view, the trainers worked from a phenomenological orientation -- they were concerned with recognizing what is essential out of all the diversity present, without intention, without fear, without preconceptions, relying purely on what appears. He was deeply impressed by the way their methods showed it was possible for opposites to become reconciled through mutual respect.

The beginning of his interest in phenomenology coincided with the unfolding dissolution of his vows to the priesthood. Hellinger told how one of the trainers asked the group, "What is more important to you, your ideals or people? Which would you sacrifice for the other?" This was not merely a philosophical riddle to him. He was acutely sensitive to how the Nazi regime sacrificed human beings in service of ideals. He said, "In a sense, the question changed my life. A fundamental orientation toward people has shaped all my work since."

After leaving the priesthood, he met his first wife, Herta, and was married, shortly after returning to Germany. He spent several years in the early 1970s in Vienna training in a classical course in psychoanalysis at the Wiener Arbeitskreis für Tiefenpsychologie (Viennese Association for Depth Psychology). He completed his training at the Münchner Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoanalyse (Munich Psychoanalytic Training Institute) and was accepted as a practicing member of their professional association.

In 1973, he left Germany for a second time and traveled to the United States to be trained for 9 months by Arthur Janov. There were many important influences that shaped his approach. One of the most significant was Eric Berne and Transactional Analysis.

Nearing age 70, he had neither documented his insights and approach nor trained students to carry on his methods. He agreed for German psychiatrist Gunthard Weber to record and edit a series of workshop transcripts. Weber published the book himself in 1993 under the title Zweierlei Glück [Capricious Good Fortune; aka Second Chance]. In 2017 this book had its 18th edition.

Hellinger had published more than 90 books, 70 of them listed in the catalog of the German National Library (Deutsche National-Bibliothek, Leipzig). About half his publishing's are documentaries on his family constellation work, again as workshop transcripts. The other half presents his philosophy.

Hellinger traveled widely, delivering lectures, workshops, and training courses throughout Europe, the United States, Central, and South America, Russia, China, and Japan. Hellinger alienated some potential colleagues and supporters by his idiosyncratic behavior, such as making sweeping statements that reduced complex issues to single root causes or his manner of sometimes addressing clients in a caustic, authoritarian tone. Many practitioners distance themselves from the method's founding figure. Many others continued their association, integrating the further developments into their own practices.

Until his death on 19 September 2019, Hellinger operated the Hellinger School with his second wife, Maria Sophie Hellinger.

Works
Hellinger published more than 30 books with combined sales of one million copies in at least ten languages. Some of his books translated into English include:

 * Hellinger, B. (2001). Love's own truths: Bonding and balancing in close relationships (M. Oberli-Turner & H. Beaumont, Trans.). Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen.
 * Hellinger, B. (2002). Insights: Lectures and stories. (J. ten Herkel, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag.
 * Hellinger, B. (2002). On life & other paradoxes: Aphorisms and little stories from Bert Hellinger (R. Metzner, Trans.). Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen.
 * Hellinger, B. (2003). Farewell family constellations with descendants of victims and perpetrators (C. Beaumont, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag.
 * Hellinger, B. (2003). Rachel Weeping for Her Children: Family Constellations in Israel Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-International.
 * Hellinger, B. (2003). Peace begins in the soul: Family constellations in the service of reconciliation (C. Beaumont, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag.
 * Hellinger, B. (2006). No waves without the ocean: Experiences and thoughts (J. ten Herkel & S. Tombleson, Trans.). Heidelberg, Germany: Carl-Auer-Systeme Verlag.
 * Hellinger, B. (2007). With God in mind. Berchtesgaden, Germany: Hellinger Publications.
 * Hellinger, B. (2009). Natural Transcendence. Hellinger publications.
 * Hellinger, B. & ten Hövel, G. (1999). Acknowledging what is: Conversations with Bert Hellinger. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen.
 * Hellinger, B., Weber, G., & Beaumont, H. (1998). Love's hidden symmetry: What makes love work in relationships. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Theisen.

In German:

 * Zweierlei Glück. Konzept und Praxis der systemischen Psychotherapie (1993)
 * Ordnungen der Liebe (1994)
 * Die Mitte fühlt sich leicht an (1996)
 * Wo Schicksal wirkt und Demut heilt - ein Kurs für Kranke
 * Wie Liebe gelingt (1999)
 * mit Gabriele ten Hövel - Anerkennen, was ist. Gespräche über Verstrickung und Heilung
 * Mit der Seele gehen
 * Ordnungen des Helfens - Über die Ordnungen und Unordnungen sinnvollen professionellen Helfens
 * Gedanken unterwegs
 * Gottesgedanken - Ihre Wurzeln und ihre Wirkungen (2004)
 * Wahrheit in Bewegung
 * Der große Konflikt
 * Ein langer Weg - Biographie (2005)
 * Rachel weint um ihre Kinder - Familien-Stellen mit Überlebenden des Holocaust. Vorwort v. Haim Dasberg (Herder Verlag 3/2004, ISBN 3-451-05443-4)

title: Bert Hellinger


text:
Attila (name)

Attila is a popular masculine name in Central and Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe and Western Asia. Primarily in Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria and Chuvashia. Attila is the most used version in Hungary, however another version of Attila is Atilla and Etele, the female equivalent of which is Etelka. Attila is used as Atilla in Turkish.

Etymology
It has been traditionally claimed that the name Attila is formed from Gothic atta meaning "father", through the diminutive suffix -ila, the "little father". Related names are not uncommon among Germanic peoples of the period, i. e. Ætla, Bishop of Dorchester. The Gothic etymology was proposed by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm in the early 19th century. Tom Shippey argued that the Gothic etymology is a product of 19th century Germanic romantic philological revisionism.

Otto Maenchen-Helfen, who considered Gothic etymology, noted that Hunnic names were "not the true names of the Hun princes and lords. What we have are Hunnic names in Germanic dress, modified to fit the Gothic tongue, or popular Gothic etymologies, or both".

Hyun Jin Kim noted Attila has more natural and probable Turkic etymology. Omeljan Pritsak considered ̕Άττίλα (Attila) a composite title-name which derived from Turkic *es (great, old), and *t il (sea, ocean), and the suffix /a/. The stressed back syllabic til assimilated the front member es, so it became *as. It is a nominative, in form of attíl- (< *etsíl < *es tíl) with the meaning "the oceanic, universal ruler". Peter Golden, citing Pritsak, like László Rásonyi connected Attila's name with a note by Menander in which the term Attilan was used as the name of the Volga River (Turkic Atil/Itil; "great river"). J.J. Mikkola connected it with Turkic āt (name, fame). Gerd Althoff considered it was related to Turkish atli (horseman, cavalier), or Turkish at (horse) and dil (tongue).

Given name

 * Attila (died 453), ruler of the Huns
 * Saint Attila (937–1007), Aragonese bishop
 * Atilla Altıkat (died 1982), Turkish diplomat
 * Attila Ábrahám (born 1967), Hungarian sprint canoeist
 * Attila Ambrus (born 1967), Hungarian bank robber
 * Attila Aşkar (born 1943), Turkish mathematician and president of Koç University
 * Attila Balázs (born 1989), Hungarian tennis player
 * Attila Barcza (born 1985). Hungarian politician
 * Attila Szalai (born 1998), Hungarian footballer
 * Attila Böjte (born 1976), Hungarian footballer
 * Áttila de Carvalho (born 1910, date of death unknown), known as Áttila, Brazilian international footballer
 * Attila Csihar (born 1971), Hungarian musician
 * Attila Csipler (1939–1996), Romanian fencer
 * Attila Cseke (born 1973), Hungarian politician in Romania
 * Attila Czene (born 1974), Hungarian swimmer
 * Attila Dargay (1927–2009), Hungarian animator
 * Attila Demény, (1955–2021), Romanian ethnic Hungarian composer and theatre director
 * Attila Elek (born 1982), Hungarian ice dancer
 * Atilla Engin (1946–2019), Turkish American musician
 * Attila Fekete (disambiguation)
 * Attila Filkor (born 1988), Hungarian footballer
 * Attila Hejazi (born 1976), Iranian retired football player and coach.
 * Attila Horváth (disambiguation)
 * Attilâ İlhan (1925–2005), Turkish writer and poet
 * Attila József (1905–1937), Hungarian poet
 * Attila Kerekes (born 1954), Hungarian international footballer
 * Attila Kovács (disambiguation)
 * Attila Ladinsky (1949–2020), nicknamed Le Gitan, Hungarian footballer
 * Attila Losonczy (born 1974), Hungarian neuroscientist and Columbia University professor
 * Attila Mesterházy (born 1974), Hungarian politician
 * Attila Nagy (actor) (1933–1992), Hungarian actor
 * Attila Özdemiroğlu (1943–2016), Turkish composer and arranger
 * Attila Péterffy (born 1969), Hungarian politician
 * Atila Pesyani (born 1957), Iranian actor.
 * Attila Petschauer (1904–1943), Hungarian 2x team Olympic champion saber fencer killed in the Holocaust
 * Attila Pintér (disambiguation)
 * Attila Sallustro, Italian-Paraguayan footballer
 * Attila Sávolt (born 1976), Hungarian tennis player
 * Attila Sekerlioglu (born 1965), Turkish footballer
 * Attila Simon (disambiguation)
 * Attila Szabó (disambiguation)
 * Attila Szalay-Berzeviczy (born 1972), Hungarian economist
 * Attila Tököli (born 1976), Hungarian footballer
 * Attila Zoller (1927–1998), Hungarian-born jazz musician
 * Attila the Hun (calypsonian) (1892–1962), Trinidadian singer
 * Attila the Stockbroker (born 1957), British punk poet

Other

 * Attila (horse) (1839–1846), British thoroughbred racehorse and sire
 * Louis Attila (1844–1924), name used by German-born American strongman Ludwig Durlacher

title: Attila (name)


text:
User talk:OuroborosSlayer~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:28, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:OuroborosSlayer~enwiki


text: Category:Dukes of Saxony

title: Category:Dukes of Saxony


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text: User talk:68.166.3.226

title: User talk:68.166.3.226


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Antonio Gates

Antonio Ethan Gates Jr. (born June 18, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers during his entire career in the National Football League (NFL). He was named to the Pro Bowl eight times and was a six-time All-Pro selection. He retired on January 14, 2020, after 16 years with the Chargers.

Gates was signed as an undrafted free agent in 2003 after playing college basketball for the Kent State Golden Flashes. He attended college at Kent State University in his junior and senior years after brief stints at Michigan State University and Eastern Michigan University. He is the Chargers' career leader in receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns. In 2015, he became the second tight end and ninth player overall to record 100 career touchdown receptions. He ranks seventh in career touchdown receptions, with 116, and leads all tight ends in NFL history. Gates is considered one of the best tight ends and undrafted free agents in NFL history.

Early life
Gates was born in Detroit, where he played high school football at Central High School.

College career
Gates played basketball rather than football in college. He originally enrolled at Michigan State University wanting to play football under then-coach Nick Saban as well as basketball under coach Tom Izzo. Upon enrolling, he learned that Saban wanted him to play only football. Gates then chose to pursue playing basketball by transferring to Eastern Michigan University. He played there part of a season before transferring to the College of the Sequoias, a junior college in California, to focus on academics. Recruited by Stan Heath, Gates transferred to Kent State University in northeastern Ohio.

As a member of the Golden Flashes, Gates played two seasons as power forward. In his junior season he averaged 16.0 points, 8.1 rebounds and 2.7 assists per game. His junior season his team won its first regular season Mid-American Conference (MAC) championship in school history after finishing the regular season with a 24–5 overall record with a 17–1 record in the MAC. Gates helped the Golden Flashes win their second consecutive MAC tournament and earn its resulting berth in the 2002 NCAA Tournament. In the tournament, he gave crucial performances that helped Kent State reach the Elite Eight as a 10 seed by upsetting 7 seed Oklahoma State (69–61), 2 seed Alabama (71–58) and 3 seed Pittsburgh (78–73).

During his senior season, he received honorable mention All-American honors from the Associated Press after averaging 20.6 points, 7.7 rebounds and 4.1 assists per game. He finished with a record of 54–16 in two years of playing.

His jersey number, 44, was retired on February 27, 2010, making him just the fourth Golden Flash to receive the honor.

Professional career
After being told by scouts that he was too much of a "tweener" to make the NBA, Gates (6 ft) arranged a workout in front of NFL scouts. Despite never having played college football, as many as 19 teams were believed to have contacted Gates about a tryout. Gates chose to work out first for the San Diego Chargers. Recognizing his potential, the Chargers immediately signed him to a contract as an undrafted free agent.

2003 season
Lost in the disappointment of San Diego's league-worst 4–12 record was Gates' rise from third string to starter. He made his first catch in Week 4 against the Oakland Raiders, scored his first touchdown in Week 10 against the Minnesota Vikings, and enjoyed his first 100-yard receiving game (117 yards) against the Green Bay Packers in Week 15. Gates caught 24 passes for 389 yards and two touchdowns as a rookie. His 16.2 yards per reception were the highest of his career.

2004 season
Gates started off the 2004 season strong with eight receptions for 123 receiving yards in a 27–20 victory over the Houston Texans. In Week 5, he had two receiving touchdowns in a 34–21 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars. In Week 8, against the Oakland Raiders, he had another game with two receiving touchdowns in the 42–14 victory. In the following game, he recorded three receiving touchdowns in a 43–17 victory over the New Orleans Saints. Gates had his third consecutive game finding the endzone in the next game against the Oakland Raiders with an eight-catch, 101-yard day in the 23–17 victory. In the following game, against the Kansas City Chiefs, he had two receiving touchdowns in the 34–31 victory. A preferred target of quarterback Drew Brees, Gates finished his second season in the NFL with 81 receptions for 964 yards and 13 touchdowns.

On December 19, Gates tied the NFL single season record for touchdown receptions by a tight end (12) in a 21–0 win over the Cleveland Browns. He went on to break this record in an overtime loss to the Indianapolis Colts on December 26.

Gates was selected to the 2005 Pro Bowl and earned first team All-Pro honors. Gates scored a touchdown in the Wild Card Round overtime loss to the New York Jets.

2005 season
On August 23, 2005, after holding out for a contract extension, Gates signed a six-year deal worth up to $24 million with the San Diego Chargers. Because of his holdout, Gates was suspended for one game–the home opener against the Dallas Cowboys, a loss. In Week 8, against the Kansas City Chiefs, he had ten receptions for 145 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns in the 28–20 victory. In the following game, he had eight receptions for 132 receiving yards in the 31–26 victory over the New York Jets. In Week 14, he had 13 receptions for 123 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 23–21 loss to the Miami Dolphins.

Gates went on to have another stellar season, catching 89 passes for 1,101 yards and 10 touchdowns, but the Chargers missed the playoffs by a single win. He was named to the Pro Bowl and earned first team All-Pro honors.

2006 season
With the departure of Drew Brees during the offseason, it was assumed that Gates would suffer a decline in production in 2006, with first-year starter Philip Rivers at the helm. Gates had a relatively quiet start to the season, but he finished the year strongly and ended up with 924 receiving yards and nine touchdowns. He caught two touchdown passes on December 10 in a 48–20 victory the Denver Broncos to help the Chargers clinch their division.

Gates was a Pro Bowler and All-Pro for the third straight year. Undefeated at Qualcomm during the regular season, the Chargers and their fans anticipated a trip to the Super Bowl but they were beaten by the New England Patriots at home by the score of 24–21 in the Divisional Round.

2007 season
Gates started off the 2007 season with nine receptions for 107 yards and a touchdown in the 14–3 victory over the Chicago Bears. In Week 3, he had 11 receptions for 113 receiving yards against the Green Bay Packers. In Week 5, against the Denver Broncos, he had seven receptions for 113 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown in the 41–3 victory. In Week 8 against the Houston Texans and in Week 12 against the Baltimore Ravens, he had two receiving touchdowns in each game.

For his 2007 season, Gates was selected to the Pro Bowl. During the season, he caught 75 passes for 984 yards and nine touchdowns. He was once again a key factor during the Chargers' 11–5 campaign, but not during the playoffs. Gates dislocated a toe on his right foot just before the postseason, which slowed him down during the Chargers' playoff run.

Gates was not the only Chargers star player injured: both LaDainian Tomlinson and Philip Rivers had leg injuries which hindered the Chargers' chances of reaching the Super Bowl. However, the Chargers did eventually play in the AFC Championship, which they lost 21–12 to the New England Patriots.

2008 season
Gates said he was leaning toward having surgery to repair a dislocated left big toe that slowed his performance during the 2007–08 NFL playoffs, but was undecided on whether to have surgery or not, "There is higher chance I'm going to have surgery". Gates also pulled out of his fifth Pro Bowl selection because of his injuries alongside his teammate LaDainian Tomlinson. Gates finished the season with 60 receptions for 704 yards and eight touchdowns.

On February 23, 2008, Gates said he would have foot surgery to fix the injury that had slowed him in the final part of the season. He would face a 4–6 month recovery time. Gates seemed questionable for Week 1 and even sounded worried about his status for the opening day of the 2008 season; however, he ended up playing every game despite complaints that his toe was bothering him during the first half of the season.

2009 season
In Week 4, against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Gates had nine receptions for 124 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 38–28 loss. In Week 12, against the Kansas City Chiefs, he had seven receptions for 118 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 43–14 victory. In the following game, he had a season-high 167 receiving yards on eight receptions in the 30–23 victory over the Cleveland Browns. He closed the season out with four consecutive games with a receiving touchdown. Finally healthy after consecutive injury-plagued seasons, Gates enjoyed the most productive year of his career. He caught 79 passes for a career-high 1,157 yards and eight touchdowns. He was named to his sixth consecutive Pro Bowl.

The team finished the year with 13 wins, one of the best records of the year. However, they were eliminated in their first postseason game by the New York Jets in the Divisional Round.

2010 season
Gates began the 2010 season by signing a five-year, $36 million contract with $20 million guaranteed. In Week 2, against the Jacksonville Jaguars, he recorded two receiving touchdowns in the 38–13 victory. In Week 4, against the Arizona Cardinals, he had seven receptions for 144 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 41–10 victory. In the first nine games of the 2010 season, he had 40 receptions and nine touchdowns.

Despite being limited by foot injuries throughout the second half of the 2010 season, Gates earned a Pro Bowl selection for his seventh consecutive year; however, as a result of his lingering injuries, Gates did not participate in the game. He was ranked 22nd by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011.

2011 season
Gates tried to play through his chronic foot problems but was forced to sit out Weeks 3–5. He came back after the bye week and started every game the rest of the way. In Week 14, against the Buffalo Bills, he had two receiving touchdowns in the 37–10 victory. He finished with more than 60 catches (64) for the seventh time in his career. He also scored seven touchdowns and was voted into his eighth Pro Bowl. Gates became the Chargers' all-time receptions leader on a six-yard catch on a fourth-and-5, early in the fourth quarter against Detroit. It was his 587th career catch, surpassing Charlie Joiner's 586.

2012 season
In Week 6, Gates had two receiving touchdowns in a 35–24 loss to the Denver Broncos, on a night where the Chargers held a 24–0 halftime lead. Gates had another record-breaking season, becoming the fifth tight end in NFL history with 600 career catches and runner-up for most touchdowns in Chargers franchise history with 83. The tight end and his quarterback Philip Rivers connected for a total of 56 touchdown catches, the most out of any quarterback-tight end combination in the NFL. He was ranked 73rd by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013.

2013 season
Gates had two games on the season going over the 100-yard mark, Week 2 against the Philadelphia Eagles and Week 4 against the Dallas Cowboys. played all 16 games for the first time since 2009, finishing with 70 receptions (77) for the fourth time in his career. However, Gates only scored four touchdowns, his fewest since his rookie season in 2003.

2014 season
In Week 2, against the Seattle Seahawks, Gates had three receiving touchdowns in the 30–21 victory. He was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week for his game against Seattle. Gates passed Lance Alworth to become the Chargers' career leader in receiving yards in Week 7 against the Denver Broncos. In the season's final game against the Kansas City Chiefs, he became the fourth tight end in NFL history to surpass 10,000 yards in career receiving yards. He finished the season with 12 touchdowns, becoming the fourth player in league history to catch 12 or more touchdowns in a season at age 34. His teammates voted him the Chargers' Offensive Player of the Year and he was invited as an alternate for the Pro Bowl, but declined. He was ranked 52nd by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.

2015 season
On July 2, 2015, it was announced that Gates would be suspended for the first four games of the 2015 season for violating the NFL's rules on performance enhancing drugs (PEDs). On October 12, 2015, against the Pittsburgh Steelers in his first game back after from a four-game suspension, Gates scored his 100th and 101st career touchdown receptions. He finished the season with 630 yards and five touchdowns on 56 receptions. On March 9, 2016, Gates signed a two-year contract extension to remain with the Chargers.

2016 season
Gates played in 14 games in 2016, starting nine. The emergence of rookie tight end Hunter Henry affected Gates's production. He caught 53 passes for 538 yards and scored seven touchdowns. His 10.3 yards per reception and 57% completion percentage were the lowest of his career.

2017 season
In Week 2, against the Miami Dolphins, he caught his 112th career touchdown pass, which set a new NFL record for most touchdowns as a tight end. Following the emergence of second-year tight end Hunter Henry as a starter, Gates only started four games and finished with 30 receptions for a career-low 316 yards and three touchdowns.

On April 27, 2018, the Chargers informed Gates they would not be bringing him back for the 2018 season.

2018 season
On September 2, 2018, Gates re-signed with the Los Angeles Chargers following an injury to Hunter Henry. In Week 4, against the San Francisco 49ers, he scored his first receiving touchdown of the season. He finished the 2018 season with 28 receptions for 333 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in 16 games and one start.

In what would be his final NFL game, Gates recorded a receiving touchdown in the 41–28 loss to the New England Patriots in the Divisional Round.

Retirement
Gates announced his retirement on January 14, 2020. He ended his career with a record 116 touchdown catches by a tight end, including 89 thrown by Rivers for the most ever by a quarterback–tight end duo at the time. He also finished as the Chargers' franchise leader in receptions (955) and receiving yards (11,841).

In 2020, Gates announced he was joining the Los Angeles Chargers front office as Legends Ambassador.

Records and awards

 * Seventh tight end with 500+ career receptions
 * Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball No. 44 retired
 * Ninth player, and second tight end, to catch 100+ career receiving touchdowns
 * Most career receiving touchdowns by a tight end: 116

Chargers franchise records

 * Most career receptions: 955
 * Most career receiving yards: 11,841
 * Most career receiving touchdowns: 116

Personal life
Gates married his longtime girlfriend, model Sasha Dindayal, on July 9, 2011. As of 2014, the couple resided in Encino, California.

Gates appeared in the fourth episode of season one and the final episode of season six of The League.

Gates has a son, Antonio Gates Jr., who is (as of 2022) a freshman wide receiver for the Michigan State Spartans.

Gates appeared on a season 27 episode of The Bachelor (American TV series).

title: Antonio Gates


text:
LBR

LBR may refer to:

Places

 * Liberia, by FIFA, IOC, International Telecommunication Union and ISO 3166-1 country codes
 * London Borough of Redbridge, England
 * Lady Beaverbrook Residence, a residence house at the University of New Brunswick

Rail

 * Leighton Buzzard Railway, England
 * Llanbedr railway station, UK railway station
 * London and Birmingham Railway, an early railway company in the United Kingdom from 1833 to 1846
 * Lowville and Beaver River Railroad, a short-line railroad owned by Genesee Valley Transportation (GVT) of Batavia, New York, US
 * Lynton and Barnstaple Railway, England, opened as an independent railway in 1898

Sports

 * Liga Bolasepak Rakyat, fourth-tier football league in Malaysia

Science and technology

 * Lamin B receptor, a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBR gene
 * LBR (file format), the file-name extension for a computer file format for archiving files on CP/M and early MS-DOS systems

Other uses

 * Legal Bill Review
 * Leichtbauroboter (German for Lightweight robot).
 * Lenny B. Robinson (Baltimore Batman)
 * Lisa Blunt Rochester, American politician and U.S. Representative from Delaware.

title: LBR


text:
Talk:Iraq national football team

Links
The links cited don't really gibe with the paragraph in the article. Wouldn't it be more accurate to say something like:

 * "During the 2004 Olympics, team members expressed their objections to commercials by the re-election campaign of George W. Bush which made reference to Iraq'a participation in the Games."

Reason being, is that the Bush ads didn't (verbally) mention the football team expressly.

Ellsworth 21:31, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

More information?
Shouldn't this article make some mention of Uday's (mis)management of the team, and the effect continued fighting has had on the Iraqi team? The team has played through some very unusual circumstances, and it's probably noteworthy, as it would explain Iraq's pretty poor performance in international competition. --NEMT 19:43, 3 July 2006 ( I think its pretty poor to mention them as the best international team

al Zawraa is also an Arabic language television channel. You should have more information on that channel and a link to the information.

title: Talk:Iraq national football team


text:
User talk:Sentientmeat

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:31, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Sentientmeat


text:
Digital Ash in a Digital Urn

Digital Ash in a Digital Urn is the seventh studio album by American band Bright Eyes, released on January 25, 2005 by Saddle Creek Records, the same day as their sixth album I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning. It peaked at number 15 in the US and 43 in the UK. In US it has sold 268,000 units. In 2007 it was awarded a gold certification from the Independent Music Companies Association, which indicated sales of at least 100,000 copies throughout Europe. In contrast to the acoustic nature of I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning, Digital Ash in a Digital Urn is more electronic.

Upon release in 2004, the singles "Take It Easy (Love Nothing)" from Digital Ash in a Digital Urn and "Lua" from the album I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning debuted in the top two slots on the Billboard Hot 100 Single Sales chart.

The album was reissued by Dead Oceans alongside a six-track companion EP on November 11, 2022.

Tour
After the chart success of the 2004 singles "Lua" and "Take It Easy (Love Nothing)", the band set off in 2005 on a two-part world tour to promote both I'm Wide Awake, It's Morning, and Digital Ash in a Digital Urn. The first half of the tour promoted the folk-influenced first album, and the latter half featured the more electronic second album. Both records made it into the Top 20 of the Billboard album charts. The tour was captured on Motion Sickness, released later in the year.

The album features contributions from the Yeah Yeah Yeahs' Nick Zinner and the Postal Service's Jimmy Tamborello.

Personnel

 * Clark Baechle – drums (tracks 2, 9)
 * Karen Becker – cello (tracks 4, 7)
 * Jason Boesel – drums (tracks 2, 4–7, 9–12), percussion (tracks 2, 4–7, 9–12)
 * Donna Carnes – violin (tracks 4, 7)
 * Digital Audio Engine (Mike Mogis ) – programming (tracks 1, 3, 8)
 * Sabrina Duim – harp (tracks 6, 8, 11)
 * Thomas Kluge – viola (tracks 4, 7)
 * Jiha Lee – flute (tracks 6, 11)
 * Clay Leverett – voice (track 12), drums (tracks 6, 7, 12)
 * Andy LeMaster – vocals (tracks 2, 9, 12), guitar (tracks 6–9, 12), bass (tracks 6–9, 12), keyboards (tracks 6, 7), additional programming (tracks 6)
 * Mike Mogis – guitar (tracks 2–4, 6, 7, 10–12), wurlitzer (tracks 1, 3, 10), keyboards, timpani (track 6), chimes (track 11), theremin (track 2), baritone (tracks 2, 9)
 * Stella Mogis – voice (tracks 1, 9)
 * Conor Oberst – vocals, guitar (tracks 5–7, 9–11), bass (track 4), piano (track 8), wurlitzer (tracks 2, 4, 5), keyboards (tracks 2, 4, 10, 12), samples (tracks 1, 11), baritone (tracks 3, 5)
 * Kim Salistean – violin (tracks 4, 7)
 * Jimmy Tamborello – programming (track 5)
 * Maria Taylor – vocals (tracks 4, 11, 12)
 * Nate Walcott – trumpet (track 9), string arrangement (tracks 4, 7)
 * Nick White – keyboards (tracks 7, 9)
 * Nick Zinner – guitar (tracks 4, 6–8, 12), keyboards (tracks 4, 5)

title: Digital Ash in a Digital Urn


text:
Biological immortality

Biological immortality (sometimes referred to as bio-indefinite mortality) is a state in which the rate of mortality from senescence is stable or decreasing, thus decoupling it from chronological age. Various unicellular and multicellular species, including some vertebrates, achieve this state either throughout their existence or after living long enough. A biologically immortal living being can still die from means other than senescence, such as through injury, poison, disease, predation, lack of available resources, or changes to environment.

This definition of immortality has been challenged in the Handbook of the Biology of Aging, because the increase in rate of mortality as a function of chronological age may be negligible at extremely old ages, an idea referred to as the late-life mortality plateau. The rate of mortality may cease to increase in old age, but in most cases that rate is typically very high.

The term is also used by biologists to describe cells that are not subject to the Hayflick limit on how many times they can divide.

Cell lines
Biologists chose the word "immortal" to designate cells that are not subject to the Hayflick limit, the point at which cells can no longer divide due to DNA damage or shortened telomeres. Prior to Leonard Hayflick's theory, Alexis Carrel hypothesized that all normal somatic cells were immortal.

The term "immortalization" was first applied to cancer cells that expressed the telomere-lengthening enzyme telomerase, and thereby avoided apoptosis—i.e. cell death caused by intracellular mechanisms. Among the most commonly used cell lines are HeLa and Jurkat, both of which are immortalized cancer cell lines. These cells have been and still are widely used in biological research such as creation of the polio vaccine, sex hormone steroid research, and cell metabolism. Embryonic stem cells and germ cells have also been described as immortal.

Immortal cell lines of cancer cells can be created by induction of oncogenes or loss of tumor suppressor genes. One way to induce immortality is through viral-mediated induction of the large T-antigen, commonly introduced through simian virus 40 (SV-40).

Organisms
According to the Animal Aging and Longevity Database, the list of animals with negligible aging (along with estimated longevity in the wild) includes:

 * Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) – 77 years
 * Olm (Proteus anguinus) – 102 years
 * Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina) – 138 years
 * Red sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) – 200 years
 * Rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) – 205 years
 * Ocean quahog clam (Arctica islandica) – 507 years
 * Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) - 250 to 500 years

Bacteria and some yeast
Many unicellular organisms age: as time passes, they divide more slowly and ultimately die. Asymmetrically dividing bacteria and yeast also age. However, symmetrically dividing bacteria and yeast can be biologically immortal under ideal growing conditions. In these conditions, when a cell splits symmetrically to produce two daughter cells, the process of cell division can restore the cell to a youthful state. However, if the parent asymmetrically buds off a daughter only the daughter is reset to the youthful state—the parent is not restored and will go on to age and die. In a similar manner stem cells and gametes can be regarded as "immortal".

Hydra
Hydras are a genus of the Cnidaria phylum. All cnidarians can regenerate, allowing them to recover from injury and to reproduce asexually. Hydras are simple, freshwater animals possessing radial symmetry and contain post-mitotic cells (cells that will never divide again) only in the extremities. All hydra cells continually divide. It has been suggested that hydras do not undergo senescence, and, as such, are biologically immortal. In a four-year study, 3 cohorts of hydra did not show an increase in mortality with age. It is possible that these animals live much longer, considering that they reach maturity in 5 to 10 days. However, this does not explain how hydras are subsequently able to maintain telomere lengths.

Jellyfish
Turritopsis dohrnii, or Turritopsis nutricula, is a small (5 mm) species of jellyfish that uses transdifferentiation to replenish cells after sexual reproduction. This cycle can repeat indefinitely, potentially rendering it biologically immortal. This organism originated in the Caribbean Sea, but has now spread around the world. Key molecular mechanisms of its rejuvenation appear to involve DNA replication and repair, and stem cell renewal, according to a comparative genomics study.

Similar cases include hydrozoan Laodicea undulata and scyphozoan Aurelia sp.1.

Lobsters
Research suggests that lobsters may not slow down, weaken, or lose fertility with age, and that older lobsters may be more fertile than younger lobsters. This does not however make them immortal in the traditional sense, as they are significantly more likely to die at a shell moult the older they get (as detailed below).

Their longevity may be due to telomerase, an enzyme that repairs long repetitive sections of DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, referred to as telomeres. Telomerase is expressed by most vertebrates during embryonic stages but is generally absent from adult stages of life. However, unlike vertebrates, lobsters express telomerase as adults through most tissue, which has been suggested to be related to their longevity. Contrary to popular belief, lobsters are not immortal. Lobsters grow by moulting, which requires considerable energy, and the larger the shell the more energy is required. Eventually, the lobster will die from exhaustion during a moult. Older lobsters are also known to stop moulting, which means that the shell will eventually become damaged, infected, or fall apart, causing them to die. The European lobster has an average life span of 31 years for males and 54 years for females.

Planarian flatworms
Planarian flatworms have both sexually and asexually reproducing types. Studies on genus Schmidtea mediterranea suggest these planarians appear to regenerate (i.e. heal) indefinitely, and asexual individuals have an "apparently limitless [telomere] regenerative capacity fueled by a population of highly proliferative adult stem cells".

For sexually reproducing planaria: "the lifespan of individual planarian can be as long as 3 years, likely due to the ability of neoblasts to constantly replace aging cells". Whereas for asexually reproducing planaria: "individual animals in clonal lines of some planarian species replicating by fission have been maintained for over 15 years".

title: Biological immortality


text: User talk:81.97.103.212

title: User talk:81.97.103.212