text:
Talk:Bucky O'Hare

DVD?
I see information here about a DVD release. After checking around, I can find no verification that "Exposure Entertainment" is a real company that released an official DVD. I see that the same "company" also released Pole Position and the first season of Biker Mice From Mars, again with no indication that they actually exist or had the rights to do so. It appears that this is just a bootleg manufacturer converting Region 2 DVDs--or, since at least 2 of the series have the DVD contents on VHS, digitizing video--and scamming US customers. If they are indeed an existing company with the rights to the series, that's definitely information that needs citing. The information would also need to find a home on the page for the cartoon, which lacks info about the DVD entirely. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.239.90.202 (talk) 00:15, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

Jazz Jackrabbit
There's also a resemblance to Jazz Jackrabbit, the pc game character. Was there any cross-inspiration? -- Trinite 20:52, 1 Dec 2005 (CST)

 * Guess, there was. But JJ developers' inspiration mainly came from NES game "Bucky o'Hare", not from TV show or original comic.

The Character Listing
I added the three Creators as well as Willy's schoolmates seen in a few episodes, and I changed the spellings of some of the names to the way they are in the shooting scripts (i.e., LaFloo vs. LaFleur, Sly Leezard vs. Slyly Zod, etc.), and I believe the name "Queen Katrina" is a made-up Web Series name for the High Artificers, as she's called in the script.

Possible rip off OR homage
This character seems extremely similar to a character, Jax "Bucktooth", in Roy Thomas' and Howard Chaykins 1977 version of Star Wars.

There is a small-time character in the Star Wars Expanded Universe called Jaxxon (see http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Jaxxon). Jaxxon is a rabbit-like alien, with green fur. Being in the Star Wars universe, he uses blasters as a weapon. Jaxxon's first appearance was in a Star Wars comic by Marvel Comics, published in '78, like Bucky. The similarities might just be coincedental, but who knows there is some intention involved. Still, I can't find any source to back whatever statement up. Anyone any ideas? --Soetermans 18:44, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * According to the article of the species that Jaxxon is one of, http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Lepi, Bucky O'Hare was first published after Jaxxon's first appearance. Can we assume that the creators of Bucky have been looking around for an idea for their main character? --Soetermans 18:53, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmmm... I remember reading something on this topic quite some time back (fitting, since this discussion is over 2 years old). Maybe I can find a reference to put in. --Human.v2.0 (talk) 00:09, 1 January 2010 (UTC)

WikiProject Comics B-Class Assesment required
This article needs the B-Class checklist filled in to remain a B-Class article for the Comics WikiProject. If the checklist is not filled in by 7th August this article will be re-assessed as C-Class. The checklist should be filled out referencing the guidance given at Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment/B-Class criteria. For further details please contact the Comics WikiProject. Comics-awb (talk) 15:57, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

C-Class rated for Comics Project
As this B-Class article has yet to receive a review, it has been rated as C-Class. If you disagree and would like to request an assesment, please visit WikiProject_Comics/Assessment and list the article. Hiding T 14:59, 12 February 2009 (UTC)

Bucky O'Hare needs work and help
Bucky O'Hare needs work I have added some reliable sources of information but the article Bucky O'Hare (TV series) should be be renamed Bucky O'Hare and the Toad Wars rather as that was the name of the cartoon series rather than redirecting to the main comic book article. Dwanyewest (talk) 11:36, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

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Deadeye's accent?
This page says Deadeye Duck has a Southern accent. The page on the animated series says he was given a Southern accent in that, but the comics version had a Scottish accent. I haven't seen the comics, so I don't know which is correct. 92.30.134.89 (talk) 18:45, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bucky O'Hare


text:
User:Qoph

"Qoph" or "qof" is a letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

As far as I know, "qoph" is the only word in the English language that starts with a Q and has no letters that come after Q in the alphabet.

If you have something to tell me, see my as-yet-non-existant talk page.

By the way, I am not a new user, but in the past I have been reading (and occaisionally editing) Wikipedia anonymously. I created this user name for the purpose of being able to join in discussions. I mostly read Wikipedia on public computers, and as such rarely log in.

I have also made some contributions to Wikibooks (under another name).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Qoph


text: Category:Idaho Legislature

title: Category:Idaho Legislature


text:
Caritas (Ponzi scheme)

Caritas was a Ponzi scheme in Romania that was active between April 1992 and August 1994. It attracted millions of depositors from all over the country, who invested more than a trillion old lei (between US$1 billion and $5 billion) before it finally went bankrupt on 14 August 1994, having a debt of US$450 million ($ in current terms).

History
The Caritas company, which organized the scheme, was founded by Ioan Stoica in April 1992 in Brașov as a limited liability company with just 100,000 lei (US$500, or $ in current terms) in capital. Caritas moved to Cluj-Napoca two months later. The deposits were initially small (2,000–10,000 lei), but later, the minimum initial deposit was 20,000 lei, while the maximum was 160,000 lei. At the beginning, only residents of Cluj were allowed to make a deposit, but starting summer 1993, all Romanian citizens were allowed to participate.

It labeled itself a "mutual-aid game" (hence the name "Caritas", meaning charity in Latin) which had the purpose of helping impoverished Romanians during the transition to capitalism and promised eight times the money invested in six months.

Caritas prospered with the help of the connection it had with the nationalist Romanian National Unity Party (PUNR) and the mayor of Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Funar, who welcomed this scheme and even helped it build credibility by renting them space in the Cluj town hall, appearing with Stoica in public and on television, and defending Caritas from attacks. Funar paid for space in the local newspaper to publish a list of the "winners" who would see their money multiply eightfold; the list was 44 pages per day less than a month before the scheme collapsed.

Size
The size of the scheme is under debate. Estimates vary between two and eight million depositors. The number most commonly quoted in the Romanian newspapers is four million, while the international newspapers tended to estimate their number to two or three million. In Autumn 1993, the list of names to be paid on a certain day as published in a Transylvanian newspaper included 22,000 names, which suggests that there were 660,000 depositors at one time.

Dan Pascariu, a banker and the chairman of Bancorex, estimated that between 35% and 50% of Romanian households were involved in the scheme. Mugur Isărescu, the president of the National Bank of Romania, estimated that it held a third of Romania's banknotes at one point.

An estimate of Romanian newspaper România Liberă gives the amount of money involved as 1.4 trillion lei or about 20% of the 1993 expenditures of the Romanian government of 6.6 trillion. The New York Times estimated the scheme attracted between $1 billion and $5 billion.

Bankruptcy
The Romanian government banned pyramid schemes only after Caritas went bankrupt. The government received warnings about the scheme from several sources, including the Romanian Intelligence Service, which wrote a report in early 1993 (leaked to the press) and from Daniel Dăianu, the chief economist at the National Bank, who called it a fraud.

As president Ion Iliescu commented on the issue, the main reason why the government allowed the game to go on was the fear of being ousted by riots and protests, or being afraid that such a measure would make it more unpopular.

The first signs of the downfall were in autumn 1993, when several western newspapers ran articles on Caritas predicting its failure. At the same time, more and more Romanian newspapers published stories on it. In a press conference in September 1993, president Iliescu predicted its demise, noting that anyone with an elementary education could predict that anything which gives eightfold returns in three months cannot last.

There were discussions in parliament on banning such schemes. The state-controlled Romanian Television ran a negative report on Caritas, which indicated that it might have problems with the state.

After this, the operations stopped for two days, initially explained as a computer error. Stoica tried to show that everything was fine by opening a large supermarket in Cluj-Napoca. Although Caritas opened new branches in more cities, it failed to gather enough money to continue its activity and it was not able to pay back money for those who deposited after July 5.

In February 1994, Stoica claimed Caritas was not dead, just reorganizing itself. Soon it again announced a temporary cessation of activities, blaming the government. Stoica announced the termination of activities on May 19, 1994, saying his staff was trying to find a way to return the money to some of the depositors.

Stoica was sentenced in 1995 by the Cluj Courthouse to seven years in prison for fraud, but he appealed and it was reduced to two years; then he went on to the Supreme Court of Justice and the sentence was reduced to one and a half years. He has been free since June 14, 1996. The trials between the depositors and the Caritas company were still under way.

title: Caritas (Ponzi scheme)


text: User talk:69.34.240.250

title: User talk:69.34.240.250


text:
User:AngryParsley

'''Don't edit this page. Use my talk page.'''

About Me
I am Geoff Greer, though online I sometimes use the alias AngryParsley.

I am an American, although I was born in the United Kingdom. I've also lived in Alabama, Guam, Washington, New York, San Jose, and currently San Francisco.

To-do List
Most of what I do is correcting minor spelling and grammar errors that I find in random articles. You can probably get a good idea of what I'm reading by looking at my edit history. I'm too lazy to actually contribute information. Oh well, I hear Wikipedia needs more editors.

Useful Links

 * Anonymous Recent Changes
 * List of common misspellings

title: User:AngryParsley


text:
Talk:Norwegian Medical Association

Removed this: "Norwegian Association of Medical Students." It may mean that it's a student association. I don't know whether it's true. --FvdP 20:34, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Norwegian Medical Association


text: Template:Psych-stub

title: Template:Psych-stub


text: Category:Psychology stubs

title: Category:Psychology stubs


text:
Talk:Tourism in Russia

Untitled

 * Crimea was a part of Russia for a very long time - until 1954, when Kruschev transferred it to the Ukrainian SSR. Abanamat 13:01, 27 April (UTC)
 * should the crimea really be mentioned here since it isnt in Russia? (- unknown/unsigned)

 * Cleaned up the article a little bit. Did not check for accuracy.  This still looks like a stub to me.  71.132.15.129 23:03, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

More details can be found on http://www.destinationrussia.com

This article certainly needs a lot of rewriting. It is very basic and not well structured. To make Russia sound appealing to tourists it certainly needs to emphasise the attractions and what is so important or of historical significance for the modern-day tourist. Decadencecavy 10:16, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I've put this article through an extensive rewrite, based on a 11-day trip to Russia in July 2006. Russia is a very rapidly changing country, particularly with its rules and regulations.  Much of the information on the web is already becoming obsolete, though many of the advisories and cautionary statements still hold.  I'm afraid much of the information I present is from first-hand experience and thus not readily verifiable, though I have checked with a few other websites for consistency.  Aside from this caveat, however, this information should be accurate to the best of my knowledge.  Treat it as you would with any other Wikipedia article - with a grain of salt.  (PS:  if I've written the article to make it sound less than appealing to tourists... thats rather intentional.  Traveling in Russia is a non-trivial experience not meant for the timid nor the faint-of-heart.)  Thetaomega 01:07, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

How ironic that Wikipedia should mention Russia's "antiquated and costly" visa policy... Is there a similar page on U.S. visas? How about paying the $100 application fee to start with, regardless of the outcome? Has the author compared the denial rates for Russian and U.S. visas worldwide? RussianEmigrant

 * I'm not the original author that calls the visa policy "antiquated and costly". However, I have made additions and edits (to someone else's edits done a day or so earlier than mine) in the article that describe what many in the world would find to be draconian regulations and enforcement of Russian visa policies.  Combine that with a notoriously corrupt Russian police force, and most would probably agree that Russia has perhaps one of the strictest visa policies in the world. Thetaomega 04:53, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Does this topic really need its own page? I suggested it be merged into the larger article on Russia. reverie98 8:34, 9 July 2006.

 * Yes, this topic definitely needs its own page, given the extensive additions to the content I've now added.     There are many practical considerations and preparations that prospective visitors to Russia should take to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience.  Many visitors to Russia greatly enjoy their time there, but many more things can and do go wrong than in a visit to most Western countries.  Thetaomega 01:07, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

Is it just me or does this page seem totally bias'd against russia? --60.224.14.194 07:59, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Excuse me, but you make it sound like visiting is dangerous at the very least. That is not exactly true. And this article contains a lot of errors and misinformation. For instance, water in all russian cities is properly refined and thus is potable. But yes, there are petty crimes (but actually tourists are more likely to suffer from pickpocketing in Paris than in Saint-Petersburg). And militia is surely corrupt, but they don't usually mess with foreigners. Also, many places favoured by foreign tourists are not mentioned. For example, Lake Baikal, Altai Krai, Kizhi, Valaam or Mount Elbrus. So, in conclusion, this article needs rewriting.

--Bigsva 15:35, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Visiting Russia can be a safe experience, if proper precautions are taken and if visitors are properly aware of their surroundings. I would say, however, that visitors to Russia need to be more vigilent of certain things than visitors to most of Western Europe (and yes, I've visited Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, France, Holland, Italy, Sweden, and Switzerland, a number of them several times).  Hence, the tone for much of the article is cautionary.

 * Water is certainly not universally potable in Russian cities. The US State Department advises US travelers to drink and brush teeth only with bottled water.  The popular Frommer's guide mentions that while water in Moscow may be potable, foreigners may have problems, and water in St. Petersburg contains giardia.  I've added the references to that section.

 * Militia - actually, they do frequently target foreigners, particularly near metro stations and popular tourist sites. I was present when they filmed the 7/12/2006 Today Show at St. Petersburg (at the Palace Square near the Hermitage State Museum); though this never made it to print, one of the reporters interviewed an American man  (married to a Russian woman) who was literally robbed by the militia near the Church of the Savior on Blood in the evening, just a couple days prior.  Most foreigners are lucky enough to not have this unpleasant experience, but many unfortunately do fall victim to corrupt militia.  While it is possible that the situation is improving, it is a non-trivial issue that visiting foreigners should beware.

Granted, this article as it is currently written tends to overlap a bit with similar content in Wikitravel. However, I stand by most of the information I've revised (check the history), and I do put out the disclaimer that all Wikipedia articles (and Wikitravel articles, for that matter) should be taken with a grain of salt. Thetaomega 16:18, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Czuni6.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:33, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Describe Each Feature of the Elephant
I'll be pleased to add my two cents to the article on tourism in Russia when I return from there in about August of 2007. I am planning a summer visit to my in-laws to work on the dacha, fish, swim and perhaps make baby Russians. (There is no such thing as 'half-Russian', just as there is no such thing as 'half-American). We are planning an automobile trip from Moscow to the Rostov Oblast'. The bus ride usually takes 18-20 hours, the train takes just as long, when accounting for ground transportation from the Rostov train station to the final destination, and the air flight is a bit more comfortable, but it is hard to convince ordinary Russians to spend good money on the luxury of airplane tickets just to get somewhere a bit faster. We'll see how the car trip goes. Part of the trouble in describing tourism in Russia is the huge 'standard deviation' in conditions and the huge variety in people and expectations. I have been exposed to the most virulent hatred of Russia from ex-patriate Russians, especially young ones who have never actually lived in Russia; from ethnic and religous minorities whose dogma dictate hatred; and from extremist right-wing Americans whose ideology prevents any sort of useful evaluation of the subject at hand. On the other hand, very few people are prepared to endorse a Russia with so many obvious flaws, or to pour out blind love and affection for a system that wants neither. This leaves the innocent bystander with an unbalance of evidence - blind hatred but no blind love. If you are the innocent bystander, you already suspect that the truth is in the middle. For example, in all my extensive visits to Russia, including Moscow and other cities, towns and small villages, I have never been hassled by the Militia (the police). However, I have been present when others (Russian citizens) have had to pay "fines" or submit to searches, questioning, etc. I also know that the milia are not paid a living salary and are tacitly or explicitly expected to make up the difference by bribery and extortion. It will eventually occur to the Russian people that the first step to killing corruption is to take steps to stop encouraging it. I don't care what shade of political or social view you represent, you would have a hard time disputing the fact that Russia has the most pathetic collection of public restrooms you are likely to encounter anywhere. The mop-water used to slop down the floors could probably qualify as a weapon of mass destruction. The quality of restaurants varies with the honesty and dilligence of the staff. The beer is good, especially if you pay attention to the percentage of alcohol in whatever you're buying. It is impossible to obey all rules, regulations and laws, even if you want to. Many of them are mutually exclusive. In Moscow, for example, it takes five days minimum to register your temporary residency if you are not in a hotel. The law requires you to register in three days. By standing in line and not paying a hotel to give you a bogus registration, you are two days late and will pay a fine (1,000 rubles the last time I paid). Not only that, but a record is made of your violation and that may come up in future discussions with the lawfully constituted authority. If you get caught with a false registration, you may be in even more difficulty. The Russian people are open, frank (even if not always strictly honest with outsiders), loving of family and full of pride (very little of it of the false sort). Whether it is the War Museum in Volgograd (Stalingrad) or the village pumping station, Russians want tourists to see what is there. I'll let you know, God willing and the creek don't rise. ls 18:00, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Ok, so we have an 'budget' air company - SkyExpress. Come check their site skyexpress.ru if you're plannig a domestic trip in Russia. Prices can not be compared to EasyJet, but they are definetely better not that high as Aeroflot rates are. 194.85.148.66 (talk) 14:53, 20 June 2008 (UTC)Dmitry

STALINGRAD/VOLGOGRAD You could include a picture of the big statue in Volgograd for the Battle of Stalingrad. I think it can become one of the most important tourist destinations in the Russian Federation.--88.23.172.167 (talk) 00:52, 29 June 2010 (UTC)

Reads like an advertisement
Quite a bit of this article's tone feels like a tourism advertisement, and it's woefully liking in citations. 148.64.8.60 (talk) 10:25, 3 January 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:37, 6 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Cheburashka (4435440491).jpg

title: Talk:Tourism in Russia


text:
Marina Vaizey

Marina Alandra Vaizey, Baroness Vaizey, ( Stansky; born 16 January 1938) is an Anglo-American art critic, broadcaster, exhibition curator, author and journalist based in the UK.

She was born in New York City, daughter of Lyman Stansky, a lawyer. She was educated at the Brearley School, Putney School, Radcliffe College, and Girton College, Cambridge. She moved to Britain in 1959. In 1961, she married the economist John Vaizey, Lord Vaizey, who died in 1984. One of their sons is Ed Vaizey, Member of UK Parliament and columnist.

She was formerly Art Critic for the Financial Times and Sunday Times and editor of the Art Quarterly and Review. She has written several books on art. She now lectures including at the National Gallery and British Museum. She was a founding Trustee of the Geffrye Museum and has also been a trustee of the Imperial War Museum and the South Bank. She is a current trustee of ACE Foundation. She has also been a judge for the Turner Prize.

She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours.

Works

 * John Golding, Paintings and Drawings, Kettle's Yard Gallery, Cambridge (1975).
 * The St. Michael’s Guide to Famous Paintings, Marks & Spencer Ltd (1979)
 * Andrew Wyeth, Royal Academy of Arts (1980).
 * The Artist as a Photographer, Sidgwick and Jackson, Sep. (1982). ISBN 9780283987397
 * Peter Blake London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Chicago: Academy Publishers (1986). ISBN 0297787357
 * Steve Buck, New Sculpture Observed, Angel Row Gallery, Nottingham (1990)
 * Christo (20th Century Artists Series), Rizzoli International Pub. (1990). ISBN 9780847812394
 * Jørgen Haugen Sørensen, Kunstbogklubben, Forlaget Søren Fogtdal, Copenhagen, 1994.
 * À La Rencontre De 100 Peintures Célèbres (French), Chantecler (1997), ISBN 9782803427826
 * Picasso’s Ladies, Jewelry by Wendy Ramshaw (co-authored with Paul Greenhaulgh and Eric Turner), Merrell Pub. Ltd (1998). ISBN 9781858940656
 * Art: The Critics’ Choice, Watson and Guptill (1999). ISBN 9780823002603
 * Sutton Taylor: A Lustrous Art, UK, Hart Gallery (1999). ISBN 9781902721026
 * Great Women Collectors (co-authored with Charlotte Gere), UK: P. Wilson. USA: H. Abrams (1999). ISBN 9780810963931
 * Max Couper: The Plot, Booth-Clibborn Editions (2002). ISBN 9781861541239
 * Smile, British Museum Press (2002). ISBN 9780714127811
 * Colin Rose: Edge to Edge, Black Dog Publishing Ltd (2003). ISBN 9781901033922
 * Art - The Critics Choice: 150 Masterworks of Western Art Selected and Defined by the Experts, New Line Books (2005). ISBN 9781597640459
 * Lucian Freud, Mapping the Human, CV Publications (2012). ISBN 9781908419538
 * Figure to Ground: Five Painters, Cv Publications (2012). ISBN 9781908419477
 * David Hockney and the Yorkshire Landscape (co-authored with James Cahill, Michael Lovell-Plank and edited by Nicholas James), CV Publications (2012). ISBN 9781908419262
 * Photography and Art: Documents and Dreams (co-authored with Anne Blood), CV Publishing (2013). ISBN 9781908419408

title: Marina Vaizey


text:
Talk:Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité

Rank names
1) The CRS uses the same names of ranks as the rest of the police. 2) They are not "heavily armed", except in riot control operations, where they wear standard riot control gear. David.Monniaux 20:43, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * They certainly used to use military ranks. Maybe they've changed, but I've read an official French history stating that they did. And the CRS officers I've seen patrolling in Paris have certainly been carrying heavier weapons than other Paris police officers, including the Gendarmerie. I come from a country where the police are usually unarmed - I notice these things! -- Necrothesp 13:43, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Historically, indeed, the CRS used military-sounding ranks. However, there was a general reorganization of the police ranks some years ago, with the whole national police being restructured in 3 corps, the middle of which has 3 ranks: lieutenant, captain, commander. I heard that this is a source of mild contention with the French Gendarmerie, because, apparently, the level of responsability of somebody bearing the title "captain" or "commander" in the Police is about that of the inferior rank in the Gendarmerie.
 * As for the weaponry: the CRS is used for a variety of missions. One of these missions is riot and crowd control, and for this mission the CRS generally wear helmets, shields etc. (see riotsquad) This is not what is commonly referred to as "heavily armed". In more normal missions, they tend to be armed like many police forces in the US and elsewhere: truncheon and a handgun.
 * Still, if you compare to the Gendarmerie, I think that the Mobiles are those that have the heavier stockpile – including FAMAS. Plus, they have some armored personal carriers and a few light tanks. Of course these are seldom seen.
 * (Little bit of trivia: I've attended street protests faced with Mobiles.) David.Monniaux 18:58, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. I didn't know about the rank reorganisation. As far as "heavily armed" is concerned, I think we're at cross purposes. I come from Britain, where to see any armed police officer is still a talking point and cause for amazement (and long may it continue!). When I said heavily armed, I actually meant that they appeared to be carrying heavier calibre handguns and larger batons then ordinary police officers, not that they had armour, automatic weapons and/or armoured vehicles. I saw a pair on patrol in the Tuileries a few years ago and their guns certainly seemed to be bigger than those carried by other police officers that I saw (but then again, I'm no expert). -- Necrothesp 11:49, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Another point: the CRS wear blue uniforms with big CRS logos, as can be easily seen on the photograph. Those who wear black uniforms are mobile Gendarmes. These mobiles are heavily armed. David.Monniaux 19:56, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * "the CRS wear a big red CRS patch; the gendarmes have stylized grenades" exchanged 'stylicized' for 'stylized' as there's no such word as 'stylicized' --ahpook 10:31, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Question: I notice that we say "les CRS" is "feminine plural." Les is the plural for both masculine and feminine. Why is this indicated to be the fem. plural?
 * Because "compagnie" is a feminine noun. This also explain the "e" at the end of "républicaine". Truth or consequences-2 (talk) 16:27, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Comment (based on O.R.): It would not be correct to say C.R.S. are "heavily armed." They are not like Swat teams or GIGN. As stated above, their armament is typical - they deploy with handguns, clubs, and less-than-lethal crowd control weapons. I have never seen CRS deploy with even shotguns, much less rifles. BUT, they are differently-equipped, than the rest of the national police, the typical gendarme, or municipal policeman. Riot control and guard duty at non-military installations, which is the mission of les CRS, does not require big guns. Crowd control require a lot of protective gear, and CRS has it. But that's not 'weaponry.' Can you say they're "heavily armored?" I think that might be misleading too. I think it's most accurate to say they are "specialized" or "well-equipped." Non Curat Lex (talk) 06:44, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Comment : The CRS personnel is issued the same handgun than the rest of the (regular) police forces. They are able to deploy rifles (5.56mm). They can dress the same than the local police station uniformed personnel, and do so in a number of occasions, in which people tend not to notice them as CRS.

The red patch on the blue overalls is the most obvious way of spotting a CRS officer, as the two yellow stripes on the helmet ; but journalists tend to give the name CRS to any officer dressed in overalls and riot gear. The CRS use the same rank names than the French military since their creation in 1944, which the rest of the police has now adopted. The middle management officers have greater responsibilities, e.g. about budget, that the similar ranks in the French Gendarmerie appear to have. Therefore the officers in these ranks may resent the assertion that the Gendarmes bear a greater level of responsibility. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 212.234.218.194 (talk) 14:19, 3 November 2008 (UTC)
 * a well documented website about the history of CRS: http://polices.mobiles.free.fr/

a CRS officer212.234.218.194 (talk) 14:25, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

Violence
Say "CRS" any french citizen, and you are likely to hear a bunch of insults immediately referenced by previous experiences of violence that were either lived or seen at the hands of that specific force. I do think this should be left aside as, apart of the mainstream media, the CRS is known as one of the vilest polices forces ever. Documents are there to prove the plight of the few that are there to speak, for many others have been shut. Of course, I am not asking for that very article to demonize the CRS or the French state, but I really do feel that a very important aspect, if not the most important for a great number of people has been left out.--85.99.132.176 (talk) 12:07, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

 * The Wikipedia only allows neutral  articles about  the function  and composition  of such  organisations. It  is not  the place to  discuss grievances about  them. Any clearly non neutral  text or language in  an article may  be removed by  any  editor. Editors please remember however, that  article talk  pages are for discussing  improvement to  articles, and not  for discussion  about  the subject  itself. --Kudpung (talk) 16:46, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

I'm a french citizen myself and I respect the "CSR", I don't think they are particularly violent compared to the rioters themselves. Most of my french friends would agree with me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by FabienVDP (talk • contribs) 15:39, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

"CRS company"?

 * I wrote "Each CRS company is specialized in one field:", and another editor deleted the word "company" as tautology. But saying "a CRS" to mean one of its component companies in English is unclear :: OK, "CRS company" is tautological :: also "PIN number" is tautological, but is useful for clarity; and in French "un CRS" is colloquial for "one CRS man". The same happened earlier with the English words "a commando", which originally meant one regiment, and now to most people means one man. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 21:44, 13 March 2014 (UTC)


text:
U-matic

U-matic or $3⁄4$-inch Type E Helical Scan or SMPTE E is an analogue recording videocassette format first shown by Sony in prototype in October 1969, and introduced to the market in September 1971. It was among the first video formats to contain the videotape inside a cassette, as opposed to the various reel-to-reel or open-reel formats of the time. The videotape is 3/4 in wide, so the format is often known as "three-quarter-inch" or simply "three-quarter", compared to open reel videotape formats in use, such as 1 in type C videotape and 2 in quadruplex videotape.

Unlike most other cassette-based tape formats, the supply and take-up reels in the cassette turn in opposite directions during playback, fast-forward, and rewind: one reel would run clockwise while the other would run counter-clockwise. A locking mechanism integral to each cassette case secures the tape hubs during transportation to keep the tape wound tightly on the hubs. Once the cassette is taken off the case, the hubs are free to spin. A spring-loaded tape cover door protects the tape from damage; when the cassette is inserted into the VCR, the door is released and is opened, enabling the VCR mechanism to spool the tape around the spinning video drum. Accidental recording is prevented by the absence of a red plastic button fitted to a hole on the bottom surface of the tape; removal of the button disabled recording.

Some of the standards that define the format, are:
 * SMPTE 21M-1997 Video Recording – 3/4-in Type E Helical Scan – Records
 * SMPTE 22M-1997 Video Recording – 3/4-in Type E Helical Scan – Cassette
 * SMPTE 31M-2003 Television Analog Recording - 3/4-in Type E – Small Video Cassette
 * RP 87-1999 (Archived 2004) Reference Carrier Frequencies, Preemphasis Characteristic and Audio and Control Signals for 3/4-in Type E Helical-Scan Video Tape Cassette Recording

Development

As part of its development, in March 1970, Sony, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. (Panasonic), Victor Co. of Japan (JVC), and five non-Japanese companies reached agreement on unified standards. The first U-matic VCRs were released by Sony in 1971.

The first generation of U-matic VCRs are large devices, approximately 30 in wide, 24 in deep, and 12 in high, requiring special shelving, and had mechanical controls limited to Record, Play, Rewind, Fast-Forward, Stop and Pause (with muted video on early models). Later models sported improvements such as chassis sized for EIA 19-inch rack mounting, with sliding rack rails for compressed storage in broadcast environments, solenoid control mechanics, jog-shuttle knob, remote controls, Vertical Interval Time Code (VITC), longitudinal time code, internal cuts-only editing controls, "Slo-Mo" slow-motion playback, and Dolby audio noise reduction.

U-matic was named after the shape of the tape path when it was threaded around the helical-scan video head drum, which resembles the letter U. Betamax uses a similar type of "B-load" as well. Recording time is limited to one hour. It initially had a resolution of 250 lines. Signals are recorded onto the tape using Frequency modulation (FM modulation).

U-matic saw two revisions to improve its image quality. The first was high-band or Hi-band, introduced for PAL countries, with the original revision becoming known as low-band or Lo-band. This was followed by SP (superior performance), for NTSC and PAL countries. Both revisions increased the FM carrier frequencies, increasing the available bandwidth on the tape, hence increasing image quality and the number of resolution lines. SP also introduced chrome dioxide tape. Hi-band U-matic recordings will play in black and white in Lo-band U-matic machines.

PAL U-matic hi-band increased the FM carrier frequency to 4.8-6.4 MHz, while U-matic SP increased it even further to 5.6-7.2 MHz, while increasing the color carrier frequency to 924 kHz.

U-matic tape moves at 3.75 inches per second, and has a tape writing speed of 8.54 meters per second for PAL or 10.26 for NTSC. This means that the heads on the drums of U-matic VCRs move across the tape at one of those speeds. The drum has two heads, both of which are used for recording video. The drum spins at 1500 rpm for PAL or 1800 rpm for NTSC. U-matic low-band when recording NTSC has a sync tip frequency of 3.8 MHz, a peak white frequency of 5.4 MHz, and a color carrier frequency of 688.373 kHz. NTSC U-matic SP has a peak white frequency of 7 MHz.

When recording PAL, U-matic Hi-band had a sync tip frequency of 4.8 MHz, a peak white frequency of 6.4 MHz, and a color carrier frequency of 983.803 kHz, while U-matic Hi-Band SP had a sync tip frequency of 5.6 MHz, and a peak white frequency of 7.2 MHz, retaining the color carrier frequency of regular Hi-band.

Introduction
At the 1971 introduction of the first model of U-Matic VCR, the VO-1600, Sony originally intended it to be a videocassette format oriented at the consumer market, even including a VHF/UHF TV tuner built into the model for home television recording. This proved to be something of a failure, because of the high manufacturing cost and resulting retail price of the format's first VCRs. But the cost was affordable enough for industrial and institutional customers, where the format was very successful for such applications as business communication and educational television. As a result, Sony shifted U-Matic's marketing to the industrial, professional, and educational sectors.

U-Matic saw even more success from the television broadcast industry in the mid-1970s, when a number of local TV stations and national TV networks used the format when its first portable model, the Sony VO-3800, was released in 1974. This model ushered in the era of ENG, or electronic news gathering, which eventually made obsolete the previous 16mm film cameras normally used for on-location television news gathering. Film required developing which took time, compared to the instantly available playback of videotape, making faster breaking news possible.

Models
U-matic was also available in a smaller cassette size, officially known as U-Matic S. U-Matic S was developed as a more portable version of U-Matic, to be used in smaller-sized S-format recorders such as the aforementioned Sony VO-3800, as well as the later VO-4800, VO-6800, VO-8800, BVU-50, BVU-100, BVU-110, and BVU-150 models from Sony, among others from Sony, Panasonic, JVC and other manufacturers. To minimize weight and bulk in the field, portable recorders had an external AC power supply, or could be operated from rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. S-format tapes could be played back in older top-loading standard U-Matic decks with the aid of an adapter (the KCA-1 from Sony) which fitted around an S-sized tape; newer front-loading machines can accept S-format tapes directly, as the tapes have a slot on the underside that rides along a tab.

The standard cassette employed only one flange for each reel - top flange on the pickup reel and bottom flange on the supply reel. This allowed the reels to overlap like in Compact Cassette, making the design more space-efficient. JVC explored similar approach for an early version of VHS cassette, but abandoned it in favor of full-flanged cassette, because such an arrangement created unnecessary friction between the edge of the tape and the inner surface of the cassette. In the U-Matic cassette friction was reduced by the reels, having overlapping flanges, rotating in the opposite direction. Nevertheless, the U-Matic S cassette acquired traditional double-flange reels, which reduced the amount of tape that could be loaded, and as such, the duration of recording. U-Matic S tapes had a maximum recording time of 20 minutes, and large ones 1-hour, although some tape manufacturers such as 3M came out with 30-minute S-tapes and 75-minute large cassettes (and DuPont even managed 90-minute tapes) by using a thinner tape. It was the U-Matic S-format decks that ushered in the beginning of ENG, or electronic news gathering.

The price point of the VO series was primarily oriented toward educational, corporate and industrial fields, featured unbalanced audio connectors, and did not typically include SMPTE time code (although one or two companies offered after-market modification services to install longitudinal time code). The VO-3800 was largely metal, which made the unit heavy, but still technically portable. The VO-4800 had the same functionality as the VO-3800, but at a greatly reduced weight and size, by replacing many components with plastic. The VO-6800 added the improvement of a long, thin battery standard ("candy bars") that permitted storage of the batteries in a trouser pocket. Common model numbers for these batteries were NP-1, NP-1A and NP-1B. The VO-8800 was the last of the portable VO series to be produced by Sony, and featured solenoid-controlled transport.

The Sony BVU series added longitudinal and vertical interval SMPTE time code, balanced audio XLR connectors, and heavier-duty transport features. The BVU-50 enabled recording in the field but not playback, and the BVU-100 permitted both recording and playback in the field. Portable recorders were connected to the camera with a multi-conductor cable terminated with multi-pin connectors on each end. The cable carried bi-directional audio, video, synchronisation, record on/off control, and power. Early studio and all portable U-Matic VCRs had a drawer-type mechanism which required the tape to be inserted, followed by manual closure of the drawer (a "top-loading" mechanism). Later studio VCRs accepted the cassette from a port opening and the cassette was pulled into and seated in the transport (a "front-loading" mechanism).

Some U-Matic VCRs could be controlled by external video editing controllers, such as the cuts-only Sony RM-440 for linear video editing systems. Sony and other manufacturers, such as Convergence, Calaway, and CMX Systems, produced A/B roll systems, which permitted two or more VCRs to be controlled and synchronised for video dissolves and other motion effects, integration of the character generator, audio controllers and digital video effects (DVE).

In 1976, Sony introduced the semi backwards-compatible high-band Broadcast Video U-matic (BVU) format, with the introduction of the top-loading BVU-200. The original U-matic format became known as low-band. The BVU format had an improved colour recording system and lower noise levels. BVU gained immense popularity in ENG and location programme-making, spelling the end of 16 mm film in everyday production. By the early 1990s, Sony's 1/2 in Betacam SP format had all but replaced BVU outside of corporate and budget programme making. With BVU-800 series, Sony made a final improvement to BVU, by further improving the recording system and giving it the same "SP" suffix as Betacam. SP had a horizontal resolution of 330 lines. The BVU-800 series Y-FM carrier frequency was upped to 1.2 MHz giving it wider bandwidth. BVU 800 series also added Dolby audio noise reduction. Sony's BVU-900 series was the last U-matic VTR made by Sony. First-generation BVU-SP and Beta-SP recordings were hard to tell apart, but despite this the writing was on the wall for the U-matic family, due to intrinsic problems with the format.

Problems
A recurring problem with the format was damage to the videotape caused by prolonged friction of the spinning video drum heads against a paused videocassette. The drum would rub oxide off the tape or the tape would wrinkle; when the damaged tape was played back, a horizontal line of distorted visual image would ascend in the frame, and audio would drop out. Manufacturers attempted to minimize this issue with schemes in which the tape would loosen around the spinning head or the head would stop spinning after resting in pause mode for a pre-determined period of time.

The format video image also suffered from head-switching noise, a distortion of the image in which a section of video at the bottom of the video frame would be horizontally askew from the larger portion.

The format also had difficulties with reproducing the red color on the NTSC color standard, and red images would be noisier than other colors in the spectrum. For this reason, on-camera talent was discouraged from wearing red clothing that would call attention to technical shortcomings.

Copying video from one U-matic VCR to another compromised playback reliability, and levels of head-switching noise, chroma smearing, and chroma noise compounded with every generation. These issues motivated videotape editors and engineers to use work-arounds to minimise this degradation. A time-base corrector (TBC) could be used to regenerate the sync tip portion of the video signal sent to the "recording" VCR, improving playback reliability. The "dub" cable, more formally called "demodulated" (or "demod" for short), was a multi-conductor cable that circumvented a portion of the video circuitry, minimising amplification noise.

Uses
For synchronisation to broadcast or post-production editing house genlock systems, U-Matic VCRs required a time base corrector (TBC). Some TBCs had a drop-out compensation (DOC) circuit which would hold lines of video in temporary digital memory to compensate for oxide drop-out or wrinkle flaws in the videotape, however the DOC circuits required several cables and expert calibration for use.

U-matic tapes were also used for easy transport of filmed scenes for dailies in the days before VHS, DVD, and portable hard drives. Several movies have surviving copies in this form. The first rough cut of Apocalypse Now, for example (the raw version of what became Apocalypse Now Redux), survived on three U-Matic cassettes.

Audio quality was compromised due to the use of longitudinal audio tape heads in combination with slow tape speed. Sony eventually implemented Dolby noise reduction circuitry (using Dolby C) to improve audio fidelity.

The 2012 film No, set in 1980s Chile, used U-matic tape for filming.

Digital audio
U-matic was also used for the storage of digital audio data. Most digital audio recordings from the 1980s were recorded on U-matic tape via a Sony PCM-1600, -1610, or -1630 PCM adaptor. These devices accepted stereo analogue audio, digitized it, and generated "pseudo video" from the bits, storing 96 bits—three stereo pairs of 16-bit samples—as bright and dark regions along each scan line. (On a monitor the "video" looked like vibrating checkerboard patterns.) This could be recorded on a U-matic recorder. This was the first system used for mastering audio compact discs in the early 1980s. The famous compact disc 44.1 kHz sampling rate was based on a best-fit calculation for PAL and monochrome NTSC video's horizontal line period and rate and U-matic's luminance bandwidth. On playback, the PCM adapter converted the light and dark regions back into bits. Glass masters for audio CDs were made via laser from the PCM-1600's digital output to a photoresist- or dye-polymer-coated disc. This method was common until the mid-1990s.

Decline of use
U-matic is no longer used as a mainstream television production format, but it found lasting appeal as a cheap, well specified, and hard-wearing format. The format permitted many broadcast and non-broadcast institutions to produce television programming on an accessible budget, spawning programming distribution, classroom playback, etc. At its peak popularity, U-matic recording and playback equipment was manufactured by Sony, Panasonic, JVC and Sharp, with many spin-off product manufacturers, such as video edit controllers, time base correctors, video production furniture, playback monitors and carts, etc.

Many television facilities the world over still have a U-matic recorder for archive playback of material recorded in the 1970s and 1980s. For example, the US Library of Congress facility in Culpeper, Virginia, holds thousands of titles on U-matic video as a means of providing access copies and proof for copyright deposit of old television broadcasts and films.

title: U-matic


text:
User talk:ChiquitaBanana

Hi - Thanks for the new articles you are contributing to wikipedia. Let me suggest a way that they could be a little better. The first sentence should provide some context, so that the reader isn't confused. Something like, "John Doe is a fictional character in the soap opera One Life to Live." Have fun! ike9898 20:45, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikipedia
Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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Anthony and Victor DeBiase
Hi there. Another editor has added the "prod" template to the article Anthony and Victor DeBiase, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the editor doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the article (see also What Wikipedia is not and Importance). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree, discuss the relevant issues at Talk:Anthony and Victor DeBiase. If you remove the prod template, the article will not be deleted, but note that it may still be sent to Articles for deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. NickelShoe (Talk) 15:20, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Ariella and Natalie Jamnik has also been proposed for deletion. NickelShoe (Talk) 15:25, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, a lot have. See guidelines at WP:BIO.

 * Christian and Joseph Cousins
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NickelShoe (Talk) 15:52, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Andrew and Steven Cavarno

A tag has been placed on Andrew and Steven Cavarno requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Speedy deletion nomination of Andrew and Steven Cavarno

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 * It is an article with no content whatsoever, or whose contents consist only of external links, a "See also" section, book references, category tags, template tags, interwiki links, a rephrasing of the title, or an attempt to contact the subject of the article. (See section A3 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) Wikipedia has standards for the minimum necessary information to be included in short articles; you can see these at Wikipedia:Stub. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.
 * It appears to be about a person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), individual animal, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. (See section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion.) Such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Redsky89 (talk) 07:22, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Nomination of Andrew and Steven Cavarno for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Jason and Kristopher Simmons

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Proposed deletion of Jason and Kristopher Simmons

The article Jason and Kristopher Simmons has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No significant acting roles, no major fan base, and no notable contributions to the entertainment industry; fails WP:NACTOR.

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Proposed deletion of Liam and Aidan O'Donnell

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Nick Number (talk) 21:59, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Connor and Garret Sullivan for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Christian and Joseph Cousins

The article Christian and Joseph Cousins has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Twin brothers who were child actors, do not appear to be notable. I cannot find more than brief mentions in reliable sources."

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Nomination of Christian and Joseph Cousins for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Christian and Joseph Cousins is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Christian and Joseph Cousins until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Schazjmd  (talk)  13:38, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:ChiquitaBanana


text: User talk:63.224.176.123

title: User talk:63.224.176.123


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Binc IMAP

Binc_IMAP
An "IMAP server". Acting on suggestion at Deadend pages. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 20:47, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No notability shown, comes close to being an ad. - Andre Engels 02:42, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --fvw *  03:35, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)
 * Delete, it's an ad, almost spam. Wyss 03:51, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Benhiller

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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title: User talk:Benhiller


text:
Talk:Whale vocalization

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 9 September 2021 and 3 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Tdl120300. Peer reviewers: Buginajar, Coffeebeangirl.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:53, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

ogg format is obscure
Any way we can get these sounds in mp3 format?

 * The "freeness" of MP3 is a murky issue at best, so Wikipedians decided to go with OGG which, whilst obscure, is definitely free in every sense. Pcb21| Pete 16:06, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

FAC comments to work on
I think that Animal echolocation needs to be better described in the article, as I understand it this type of communication has only been shown to be the case for dolphins and killer whales. The function of the humbacks song seems, from a scan of recent literature, to be a contentious matter since noone has tested to see if humpback whales listen for and respond to echoes generated by their songs, this may also be the case for other whales. There probably should be some expansion of the tooth and baleen sound production sections, or seperate discussions on other species with well studied songs to address the comprehensivness point, false killer whales for example seem to be the subject of numerous vocalisation studies. A section on the use of whale songs to locate and track whales would also be a good addition to the article, also a descripion of how the sound is measured would be helpful to the reader. --nixie 03:24, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

I must have added my comments to the FAc discussion too late, but I still think they are an important issue that should be fixed in the article, so I will copy them here:
 * Comment. Hmm it looks really good, and I'd like to support, but the structure is a bit confused, and parts of the article are not even about the topic. I'll start with the second part first. The 'Toothed whale sound production' section starts with a sentence saying the sounds they make are not considered whale songs, so why is that section six times longer than the section on 'Baleen whale sound production'? So that section there then a later whole section on the Humpback whale song later is confusing structure wise. What is this article about? Whale songs or whale sounds? In fact I can't see anywhere in the article that it tells me the Humpback is baleen at all, so the prior distinction between baleen sounds and toothed whale sounds is even more disjointed. The other sections don't seem to flow in a logical order either. Further, do only males produce whale songs? - Taxman 14:39, May 23, 2005 (UTC)

Capitalisation
That was a really odd revert, Pete. Since when are animal species names in English supposed to be capitalized...?

Peter Isotalo 20:09, May 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * The thinking is that a species is a proper noun (compare a Common Starling and a common starling). Admittedly the consensus on this fractious but still capitalisation is policy for mammals. See more discussion than you could ever stand to bare in the archives of Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject Tree of Life

 * Should I even bother refering to blue whale and humpback whale, or is that just the opinion of EB? And considering that your example of "common starling" isn't even a proper scientific name (the Latin names are not supposed to be directly translated), I really think you should consider giving in to the tyranny of more serious encyclopedic standards. If anything, it makes the text look really amateurish...
 * Peter Isotalo 22:50, May 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree. An upper case "Humpback Whale" in the middle of a sentence looks odd to me. CDThieme 23:02, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Convincing me isn't the issue, it is forcing a wider change of policy on which there are lots of positions from lots of people, laid out in the archives of the ToL talk page. Whether we agree on which style guides to follow or not, I think it is easy to agree that we should be consistent across pages, which is I don't want this one to come out-of-sync with all the others. Pcb21| Pete 07:44, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * There is no standard, and it says so on the policy pages, since the "proper noun"-clause is easily overturned by simply looking up any single species name in a dictionary. It's apparantly up to whomever writes the articles (and you're clearly the one taking a stand for your own opinion here, not a policy). Are you even going to comment the use in other encyclopedias?
 * In the meantime, let me show you an edit that illustrates exactly why your idea is neither consistent nor reasonable. If certain species should be capitalized, then all names of single species should. If you're going to revert it, I'd like to hear some very, very good arguments.
 * Peter Isotalo 10:58, May 21, 2005 (UTC)

New spectrogram
I made a new spectrogram for this page. I didn' bother trying to keep the wave form (which isn't very informative anyway). Zeimusu | (Talk page) 11:07, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Rubber Blubber Whale?
Is that trivia entry really appropriate? Out of all the hunderds of songs that sample whale song, why is this one important enough to mention? (In fact, I'm just gonna go ahead and take it out.)

Scientific Accuracy
The statement that smell was not effective due to the slow speed of water was changed to slow diffusion of molecules, which is a more accurate description of how the sense of smell actually works. (whereas some ocean currents can be quite fast, compared to wind speeds at the Earth's surface) Similarly, I added the statement about the relative difference in the speed of sound, because it's an important fact when considering underwater communications of any sorts. -- Hao 4:12, 28, Jun 2005 (JST)

Malicious damage
Someone seems to have wiped out the article.

Star Trek?
Whale song was a pivotal plot point in the 4th film 'The Voyage Home'. Would this bit of trivia be suitable to be added somehow? --Djbrianuk 28 June 2005 16:13 (UTC)

good article
i think this is truly worthy of being a featured article 134.121.50.127 28 June 2005 21:30 (UTC)

Confusing use of the term 'whale'
Some dominating contributors (Pcb21 in particular) have insistently refused that killer whale and other dolphins are whales. I disagree, but if that is the majority view it's OK with me. But the use of the term 'whale' needs to be consistent. This article demonstrates it is not. Let us take one example:
 * "Every toothed whale except the sperm whale has two sets of phonic lips and is thus capable of making two sounds independently."

According to the view of Pcb21 and others the only toothed whale actually is sperm whale. The phrase “Every toothed whale except the sperm whale…” is then completely nonsense since the group is empty. Odd editing rules have become common in this and many related articles. The last is the very odd rule of naming animals by upper case first letter. Blue whale therefore is named 'Blue Whale' while other animals still have to accept their lower case first letter (as for example 'human'). Will somebody take the responsibility of cleaning up? --- Arnejohs 29 June 2005 14:17 (UTC)

 * It is slightly annoying that you carry on being obtuse (mischaracterizing what I have said, etc) even though it must be months (years?) since we've discussed this and since I spelt out in mind-numbing detail how stupid the English language is, but that I didn't invent it.

 * As for the capitalization, do whatever the hell you like. It seems like bloody capitalization is the only contribution people make to cetacea (sorry, in your terminology, whale) articles anyway. Pcb21| Pete 29 June 2005 16:18 (UTC)

I refuse to continue any discussion if this is the language of the contributors. In spite of that I still believe in the wiki-project. Hopefully the language and the debate will be less wiki-wiki and more consistent in the future. Meanwhile you may think out an explanation on my question concerning the toothed whales. I did not find that you gave any now. Good luck! --- Arnejohs 29 June 2005 19:04 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry that doesn't make sense. What does "[..] the debate will be less wiki-wiki and more consistent in the future" mean? What does "I did not find that you gave any now" mean? Pcb21| Pete 29 June 2005 23:36 (UTC)

Too strong statement
It is not necessary to make strong statements like whales "...are much more dependent on sound for communication and sensation than land mammals are" in order to stress that sound is important. It is hard to make comparisons like this and almost impossible to prove it scientifically. It should be enough only to point at echolocating mammals as bats for example. They can hardly survive without their "song". --- Arnejohs 11:14, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * To Arnejohs: it can be proved scientifically. You only must compare the efectiveness of all senses in sea than in land, then you could appreciatte the difference, independent of the animal who gots that sense. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.53.145.210 (talk) 17:49, 5 December 2006 (UTC).

Songs
I recall that an issue of National Geographic back in the 1970s included a record containing whale songs. In one part, they speeded up the songs until the low-pitched calls sounded very much like bird songs. I don't what (if any) inferences were drawn, but I found it interesting. On the other hand, if you play it backward, it might say "Paul is dead." --NameThatWorks (talk) 00:17, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Human singing and whale "song"
While I support a citation and even a quote for the claim that whale song is described as similar to or compared with human singing the removal of the claim on the grounds that it cannot be proved misunderstands the claim.

Without the above claim, there is another issue. The article currently does not ask or answer the question: Why is "whale song" called "song"? Hyacinth (talk) 21:38, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Um, for the same reason birdsong is called song? It sounds like singing.  That and, well, imagine how creepy it'd be if we called it "whale howling."  They'd never sell a New Age record of that.  Nagakura shin8 (talk) 01:35, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

 * This talk page is for discussing improvements to the Whale song article. Hyacinth (talk) 07:55, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, I know. And so I offered my (admittedly somewhat smartass) objections to you "improving" the article by adding completely obvious information.  Nagakura shin8 (talk) 08:23, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Distance
In the "Human Interaction" section, is it said that "whale noises travel up to 3,000,000 km." I have tried to find the corresponding statistic from Cornell University to back this statment up. For a sound to travel three million kilometers, it means that it would have to travel around the world seventy-five times. If the statistic is indeed correct, then I suggest a sentence be added after it that mentions how many times around the world the sound would have to travel to reach 3,000,000 km. This would allow many people to more easily comprehend the huge magnitude of this distance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ScienceMan1 (talk • contribs) 18:38, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

Working on this
I am gradually getting more information to fill up the cracks in this article. Feel free to do this yourself, too.  ceran  thor 12:53, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

Exhale
I found a serious mistake. In the section "Production of sound" # "Mysticete whale sound production", it says, "The process, however, cannot be completely analogous to humans, because whales do not have to exhale in order to produce sound." This implies that humans cannot produce sounds without exhaling, which is false. I just produced some sounds in my mouth without exhaling or inhaling (of course, I couldn't do it for long because humans can't hold their breath very long).--Solomonfromfinland (talk) 01:48, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

Formally
In section "Production of sound" # "Mysticete whale sound production", it says, "Baleen whales (formally called mysticetes)...." I think the "formally" shouldn't be there. "Baleen whale" is a perfectly okay term in formal contexts; in fact, at least one source that I have read says native, Germanic words (such as "baleen whale") are preferable to Latin or Greek borrowings. Plus, "baleen whale" is more transparent semantically. I suggest rewriting "Baleen whales (formally called mysticetes)" as "Baleen whales, or mysticetes,".

Also, the title "Mysticete whale sound production" is redundant. Shorten it to "Mysticete sound production".--Solomonfromfinland (talk) 02:04, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Andrewa (talk) 18:11, 13 November 2012 (UTC)

Whale sound → Whale vocalization – Parallelism and clarity. Hyacinth (talk) 09:56, 5 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Commet not all whale sounds are vocalizations, seemingly the article states that some of them are not produced by use of the voice box, vocal cords, mouth, blowhole, or similar comparable apparatuses. -- 65.92.181.190 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 07:04, 7 November 2012 (UTC)
 * Support because the current article scope is about vocalizations, not about the sound of breaching, fluke slapping, chewing, scratching or any other imaginable whale sounds. Binksternet (talk) 05:16, 8 November 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Hertz
I don't think I understand hertz. It says that humpback whale produce vocalizations of up to 24 kHz and blue whales close to 30 khz and hear as low as 7 hz, but it says that they can't hear the 52 hertz whale. If their hearing range is between 7 and 24,000 hz, why can't they hear 52 hz?

Assessment comment
Substituted at 22:06, 26 June 2016 (UTC)

Coded whale songs
Hi! I just bumped into this declassified secret services document which details tentative use by the US Navy of whale sounds to produce coded communications: http://www.governmentattic.org/22docs/NOSCrptProjCOMBO_1980.pdf It takes place in the seventies, so I was wondering if there had been more attempts later on - in which case it might deserve a section in this article... --85.28.111.250 (talk) 10:01, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

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Irrelevant paragraph
Hello, isn't this paragraph: "The migration patterns of blue whales remains unclear. Some populations appear to be resident in habitats of year-round high productivity in some years, while others undertake long migrations to high-latitude feeding grounds, but the extent of migrations and the components of the populations that undertake them are poorly known." irrelevant? I might be wrong but it seems to have nothing to do with whale vocalization, and if it does, it isn't shown how. Any thought? Ulysse Verjus-Tonnelé (talk) 11:59, 5 February 2021 (UTC)

Crappy article
Started to redact the sentence that lumps dolphins and other cetaceans with sharks as "fish" but realized whole article not worth wading into. 98.4.112.204 (talk) 04:27, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

Featured picture scheduled for POTD
Hello! This is to let editors know that File:Humpbackwhale singing.webm, a featured picture used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for May 3, 2022. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2022-05-03. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you! Cwmhiraeth (talk) 11:20, 24 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Whale vocalization


text:
Harveys Supermarkets

J.M. Harvey Co., LLC, under the trade name Harveys Supermarkets, is an American supermarket chain with stores in Georgia and Florida. The majority of the Harveys stores are between 18,000 and 35000 sqft.

Based in Jacksonville, Florida, Southeastern Grocers controlled the chain until 2024, when it sold Harveys Supermarket and Winn-Dixie to Aldi, spun off Fresco y Más, and closed its activities.

History
The chain was founded by J. M. and Iris Harvey in Nashville, Georgia, in 1924. Their son, Joe, took over the chain in 1950. Harveys had grown from a total of 22 stores in 1981 to 43 stores in 2003. Harveys growth during the 1990s was primarily through acquisitions.

Acquisition By Delhaize
In 2003, Delhaize Group acquired the then 43-store strong Harveys chain for $26.1 million. After the acquisition, Harveys and sister chain Food Lion engaged in a number of synergies: over a dozen Food Lion stores were converted to Harveys; Procurement, supply chain, and back office functions were handled by Food Lion; and while Harveys management was still headquartered in Nashville, Georgia, they answered to Food Lion management in Salisbury, North Carolina.

In May 2006, Harveys announced they would close their warehouse and distribution center in Nashville, Georgia, to trim costs and enhance the resources of Food Lion, affecting about 200 employees in the process. Food Lion would support Harveys stores through their own distribution centers in South Carolina and Florida.

Acquisition By BI-LO Holdings, LLC/Southeastern Grocers
In May 2013, Harveys was sold along with sister supermarket chains Sweetbay and Reid's to BI-LO Holdings, LLC for $265 million. In September 2013, Southeastern Grocers was created by Lone Star Funds as the new parent company for BI-LO, Harveys, and Winn-Dixie. The new parent company then filed to raise as much as $500 million in a U.S. initial public offering. On August 19, 2014, Southeastern Grocers withdrew their IPO filing with the SEC, aborting the process of listing the stock for public sale.

2018 Bankruptcy
On March 15, 2018, Southeastern Grocers announced they would file a plan of reorganization under Chapter 11 by the end of March. According to the company, the restructuring would decrease overall debt levels by over $500 million. Under this plan, 94 stores across the BI-LO, Fresco y Más, Harveys, and Winn-Dixie brands would close.

On March 28, 2018, Southeastern agreed to sell three BI-LO locations in South Carolina along with three Harveys locations in Georgia to three independent Piggly Wiggly store owners. The deals are in conjunction with the restructuring support agreement revealed by Southeastern Grocers.

In May 2018, Southeastern Grocers restructuring plan was confirmed by a U.S. Bankruptcy judge in Delaware. At the end of that month, Southeastern Grocers announced that it had completed its financial restructuring and was emerging from bankruptcy. As part of the restructuring, $522 million in debt was exchanged for equity in Southeastern Grocers, though it was not announced who was receiving the equity shares. Southeastern Grocers exited bankruptcy with 575 stores in seven states, down from 704 locations. They also announced a planned remodels of 100 stores in 2018.

Harveys Today
The Harveys brand continued to adjust under the Southeastern Grocers watch. In June 2014, soon after the acquisition of the former Delhaize stores was complete, three Winn-Dixie stores in the Albany, Georgia, area were converted to the Harveys banner. At the same time, seven Harveys stores in Georgia were converted over to the Winn-Dixie banner. These stores converted included three in Brunswick, two in Valdosta and one in Saint Marys.

In May 2016, Southeastern unveiled its new Harveys Supermarket store concept at a former Winn-Dixie location in Jacksonville, Florida. Two months later, Southeastern Grocers rebranded an existing BI-LO location in Charlotte, North Carolina, to the Harveys banner. This became the first North Carolina location for the Harveys brand.

In November 2016, Southeastern Grocers continued the Harveys expansion by converting 16 Winn-Dixie and BI-LO stores to the Harveys Supermarket banner. These included two BI-LO locations in Augusta, Georgia, two additional Charlotte, North Carolina, BI-LO locations, three BI-LO locations in Columbia, South Carolina, and a BI-LO location in Greenwood, South Carolina. An additional seven Winn-Dixie Florida locations were converted with six of them in Jacksonville. Fifty-five other Harveys locations, mainly in Georgia, were upgraded at the same time.

In May 2017, Southeastern Grocers announced the closing of a Harveys store in Albany, Georgia, as part of a corporate-wide closure of 23 locations along with the elimination of some department lead roles at stores.

In July 2017, it was announced that Southeastern Grocers would debut the Harveys brand in the Central and West Florida markets with the conversion of 7 Winn-Dixie stores with the conversions taking place in early August. In October, Southeastern announced that three more West Florida Winn-Dixie stores would be converted to the Harveys brand in November, growing their store count to 80.

In February 2019, Southeastern announced plans to shut down 22 units, including two Harveys locations in Florida and South Carolina.

On June 9, 2020, Southeastern Grocers sold 16 Harveys Supermarkets, along with 46 BI-LO locations, to Ahold Delhaize subsidiary Food Lion; the deal also included transitioning BI-LO's Mauldin, South Carolina, distribution center over to Ahold Delhaize USA Distribution, LLC. Both of these closed in the first half of 2021, at which point over 60 stores began to transition to the Food Lion banner.

In 2023, expecting to conclude the deal the following year, Aldi announced that it would buy the chain and maintain its units under the Harveys or Aldi banners.

In March 2024, it was reported that Aldi had completed its purchase of Harveys Supermarkets.

Locations
As of February 2022, there are 25 Harveys Supermarkets located in Georgia and Florida.

title: Harveys Supermarkets


text:
Newton South High School

Newton South High School is one of two public high schools in the city of Newton, Massachusetts, United States, the other being Newton North.

History and student life
By the late 1950s, Newton's sole public high school, Newton High, grew to 3,000 students. Newton built a new school, Newton South, in the Oak Hill neighborhood in 1960. The school is organized into four student houses—Cutler, Goldrick, Goodwin, and Wheeler—each with a student commons.

Newton South was the first public high school to create a gay–straight alliance in the United States in the early 1990s.

Newton South features two award-winning student newspapers, Denebola and The Lion's Roar.

U.S. News & World Report ranked Newton South as the 664th-best high school in the country and 20th-best in the Massachusetts in its 2020 rankings.

The school is part of the Newton Public School District.

Public attention
The school gained notoriety in 2002 for its "Senior Scavenger Hunt", a student-organized contest that featured theft, vandalism, illegal drug use, and various sexual acts committed by the graduating seniors in exchange for points.

On February 8, 2007, the Newton South STAND: A Student Anti-Genocide Coalition chapter organized a Darfur Benefit Concert with the well known band, State Radio, raising over $23,000 for Save the Children and the Genocide Intervention Network.

Sports
Newton South competes in the DCL (Dual County League).

 * Fall sports
 * Football (B)
 * Soccer (B+G)
 * Cross Country (B+G)
 * Volleyball (G)
 * Golf (Co-Ed)
 * Field Hockey (Co-Ed)
 * Cheerleading (Co-Ed)
 * Winter sports
 * Basketball (B+G)
 * Gymnastics (B+G)
 * Nordic Skiing (B+G)
 * Alpine Skiing (B+G)
 * Indoor Track and Field (B+G)
 * Wrestling (Co-Ed)
 * Hockey (B+G)
 * Swimming and Diving (B+G)
 * Cheerleading (Co-Ed)
 * Spring sports
 * Lacrosse (B+G)
 * Baseball (B)
 * Softball (G)
 * Volleyball (B)
 * Track and Field (B+G)
 * Tennis (B+G)
 * Rugby (B+G)

Awards and recognition
Newton South was named Massachusetts's top athletic program by Sports Illustrated in 2009.

Notable alumni

 * Josh Altman, class of 1997, real estate agent on Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles Mr. Altman says that the Altman Brothers — the siblings’ real estate group at Douglas Elliman — sells more than $1 billion in real estate each year. “The show didn’t make us,” he said. “We made the show.”
 * Nili Brosh, Israeli-American guitarist and songwriter
 * Veronica Burton, class of 2018, professional basketball player for the Dallas Wings of the Women's National Basketball Association
 * Marisa Catalina Casey, class of 1997, co-author of Born in Our Hearts: Stories of Adoption, is the founder and executive director of the arts education nonprofit Starting Artists, Inc. located in Brooklyn
 * Geoffrey Gray, class of 2015, American-Israeli professional basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
 * Marin Hinkle, class of 1984, actor for Amazon's The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel and CBS's Two and a Half Men
 * Darvell Huffman, class of 1986, former NFL player for the Indianapolis Colts
 * Alex Karpovsky, class of 1993, actor for HBO's comedy-drama Girls and Amazon's Homecoming
 * Caroline Kaufer, class of 1980, software executive and philanthropist
 * John Krasinski, class of 1997, filmmaker and actor for NBC's comedy The Office, A Quiet Place, and A Quiet Place Part II
 * Ben Kurland, class of 2002, an actor in The Artist, which won five Academy Awards
 * Bill Lichtenstein, class of 1974, Peabody Award-winning journalist, filmmaker, radio producer
 * Robert C. Lieberman, class of 1982, American political scientist and former provost of the Johns Hopkins University
 * Jonathan Mann, class of 1965, World Health Organization chief against AIDS
 * Chris Morocco, class of 1998, American chef and YouTube personality
 * Roger Myerson, class of 1969, was one of the three recipients of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2007 "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"
 * Hari Nef, class of 2011, transgender actress, model, and writer. Debuted at New York Fashion Week Spring 2015
 * B. J. Novak, class of 1997, co-executive producer, writer, and actor for NBC's comedy The Office
 * Joe Rogan, class of 1985, TV host of Fear Factor, The Man Show, Joe Rogan Questions Everything, The Joe Rogan Experience podcast
 * Eli Roth, class of 1990, film director, producer, writer, and actor. Co-starred with Novak in Inglourious Basterds
 * Jason Solowsky, class of 1995, film composer, guitarist and pianist. Composed music for over 100 films
 * Bronze Age Pervert, class of 1998, author of Bronze Age Mindset.

title: Newton South High School