text:
User talk:John Quiggin

Proposed deletion of Natural Resources Stewardship Project

The article Natural Resources Stewardship Project has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Non-notable organisation, doesn't have WP:SIGCOV"

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Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. GraziePrego (talk) 04:31, 10 November 2023 (UTC)

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Your submission at Articles for creation: Keith Hancock (economist) (June 20)
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Safari Scribe Edits! Talk! 06:19, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

June 2024
Your edit to Draft:Keith Hancock (economist) has been removed in whole or in part, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without evidence of permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for information on how to contribute your work appropriately. For legal reasons, Wikipedia strictly cannot host copyrighted text or images from print media or digital platforms without an appropriate and verifiable license. Contributions infringing on copyright will be removed. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously, and persistent violators of our copyright policy will be blocked from editing. See Copying text from other sources for more information. — Diannaa (talk) 13:01, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

"Allegedly" thinks
We can "allege" someone thinks something, but they cannot "allegedly" think something when they actually think that way. -- Valjean (talk) ( PING me ) 20:18, 21 June 2024 (UTC)

 * An allegation can be either true or false. Or have I misunderstood you? JQ (talk) 02:19, 22 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes and no. I am making a different point. We can't always know a person's motives, but we can, rightly or wrongly, allege what they are thinking. But should we?
 * That's another consideration. We should not substitute an allegation (a guess) as a means to doubt or imply they actually are not or cannot be thinking something, when they may well be thinking it.
 * In this case, since it's simpler and accurate to just say they are thinking that way, why imply doubt about it? I don't see any reason to do that. Does that make any sense? I'm pretty tired, so may not be explaining very well. -- Valjean (talk) ( PING me ) 05:57, 22 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:John Quiggin


text:
Siegfried Handloser

Siegfried Adolf Handloser (25 March 1885 – 3 July 1954) was a Nazi physician and convicted war criminal, convicted for overseeing medical atrocities at concentration camps.

He was convicted at the 1947 Doctors' Trial during the subsequent Nuremberg trials and sentenced to life imprisonment. His sentence was ultimately reduced to a 20-year term, though Handloser was released in 1954 and died of cancer the same year.

Nazi Party membership
Born in Konstanz, he had been a member of the German Army Medical Service since the First World War.

Handloser joined the committee of the German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM) in 1937 as a de facto Nazi emissary. In 1938, Handloser was promoted to the position of Army Group physician of the Nazi Army Group Command 3. In October, 1939, he was named honorary professor.

From February 1941 during World War II, he held the position of Chief of the Medical Services of the Wehrmacht, the most important medical position in the Nazi Armed Forces and Waffen-SS. He was also Doctor Professor of Medicine and Generaloberstabsarzt (Four stars, NATO Rank OF-9) of the German Armed Forces Medical Services.

War crimes
Handloser attended a meeting on December 29, 1941, at which it was decided to conduct human experiments to test typhus vaccines at Buchenwald concentration camp. They resulted in the deaths of about 100 people.

Handloser actively operated the organization of forced prostitution in the territories occupied by the German Reich, in his position as chief of Wehrmacht Medical Service. Handloser strove to minimize the danger of venereal disease and to prevent "sexual intercourse with Jewish women."

Conviction and death
He was convicted by the American Military Tribunal No. 1 (the Doctors' Trial) in August 1947, and sentenced to life imprisonment. This was later reduced to 20 years, but in 1954 he was released shortly before dying of cancer in Munich at the age of 69.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Siegfried Handloser


text:
Talk:List of assets owned by Walmart

Sam's Club vs. SAM'S CLUB
The official spelling/capitalization of the name of Sam's Club is in all caps. In all corporate literature it is all uppercase.
 * See Manual of Style (trademarks) – flamuraiTM 05:34, Jan 10, 2005 (UTC)

cleanup-list
I am marking this article as cleanup-list because the bullet hierarchy is very confusing and some of the information contradicts with what is on Wal-Mart. I was expecting this to be a list of subsidiaries and its assets by subsidiary, but I see no indicator here saying that the highest level is subsidiary. Also, what is the name of the subsidiary that owns Walmart.com? Is it really called Walmart.com, or is it Wal-Mart Stores Division U.S. as it says in the main article? Tuxide 19:52, 15 August 2006 (UTC) walmart.com is part of the "Wal-Mart Stores USA" division, known internally as Division 1 (all divisions have a number). It is the same division as the US Discount, Supercenter, and Neighborhood Market stores. jblake 02:15, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

CARHCO
In March of 2006, WalMart increased their ownership share in the Central American Holding Co. (CARHCO) to 51%. I've revised that statistic. Corroboration is readily available, but see, e.g., http://www.nwaonline.com/articles/2006/03/16/business/01wmcarhco.txt.

Image copyright problem with Image:New Walmart Logo.svg
The image Image:New Walmart Logo.svg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check
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Total units
What are total units? I assume that these are the number of stores/sites that Walmart have. In which case the figure of 1,300,900,000 against "Wal-Mart Stores Division U.S." would roughly give us one store per 5 people on the planet. So what is this number then? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.193.93.109 (talk) 21:27, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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External links modified
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Flipkart
Shouldn't Flipkart be on this list? Gmnabeel (talk) 13:28, 11 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of assets owned by Walmart


text: User talk:69.76.186.34

title: User talk:69.76.186.34


text:
USS Sassacus

USS Sassacus may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

 * USS Sassacus (1862), a wooden, double-ended sidewheel gunboat of the Sassacus class that served in the American Civil War
 * USS Sassacus (YT-193) was a harbor tug launched in 1942

title: USS Sassacus


text:
Coulson Norman Mitchell

Coulson Norman Mitchell (11 December 1889 – 17 November 1978) was a Canadian soldier. Mitchell was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

World War I
Born in Winnipeg on December 11, 1889, Mitchell was a graduate of the University of Manitoba in civil engineering. With the outbreak of the First World War he enlisted as a private in the Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1914 and went overseas with a railway construction unit. He was commissioned in the field as a temporary lieutenant. While serving with the 1st Tunnelling Company of Canadian Engineers he was awarded the Military Cross in 1917.

Victoria Cross
Mitchell was 28 years old, and a captain in the 4th Engineer Battalion, Canadian Engineers, 2nd Canadian Division in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross.

For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty on the night of 8–9 October 1918, at Canal de L'Escaut, north-east of Cambrai.

He led a small party ahead of the first wave of infantry in order to examine the various bridges on the line of approach and, if possible, to prevent their demolition.

On reaching the canal he found the bridge already blown up. Under a heavy barrage he crossed to the next bridge, where he cut a number of "lead" wires. Then in total darkness, and unaware of the position or strength of the enemy at the bridgehead, he dashed across the main bridge over the canal. This bridge was found to be heavily charged for demolition, and whilst Capt. Mitchell, assisted by his N.C.O., was cutting the wires, the enemy attempted to rush the bridge in order to blow the charges, whereupon he at once dashed to the assistance of his sentry, who had been wounded, killed three of the enemy, captured 12, and maintained the bridgehead until reinforced.

Then under heavy fire he continued his task of cutting wires and removing charges, which he well knew might at any moment have been fired by the enemy.

It was entirely due to his valour and decisive action that this important bridge across the canal was saved from destruction.

World War II
After the war, Mitchell returned to Winnipeg to practice civil engineering. Early in World War II, he was assigned to the Royal Canadian Engineers (RCE), at Camp Borden, Ont. In 1940, he went overseas and was put in charge of replacement training. Transferred back to Canada in 1943, he was attached to National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa before joining the staff of the RCE Training Centre at Petawawa, Ont. In 1944, he took command of the Royal Canadian School of Military Engineering in Chilliwack, B.C. He later achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Later life and memorials
In 1946, Mitchell moved to Montreal where he joined an engineering firm in an executive capacity. In 1965, a Montreal branch of The Royal Canadian Legion was named after him. He died November 17, 1978, and was buried at the National Field of Honour in Pointe Claire, Quebec (Section M. Grave 3051).

The Canadian Military Engineers chose to honour Mitchell by naming the main building of the Canadian Forces School of Military Engineering at CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick, after him. His Victoria Cross is on display at the museum there.

A street in the town of Mount Royal is named after him. Mitchell Avenue, Mount Royal, Quebec. Coulson Mitchell Lake, named after him is located approximately 100 kilometres east of Thompson. The name of the lake is being modified to Norman Mitchell Lake at the request of the family to reflect that Lieutenant-colonel Mitchell was commonly referred to by the name "Norman".

title: Coulson Norman Mitchell


text:
File:VCThomasMottershead.jpg

Photo of Victoria Cross recipient Thomas Mottershead, migrated from the Victoria Cross Reference site with permission. Photo submitted by Annabel Mottershead.

title: File:VCThomasMottershead.jpg


text:
User talk:CelticWarrior

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 22:10, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:CelticWarrior


text:
Thomas Mottershead

Thomas Mottershead VC, DCM (17 January 1892 – 12 January 1917) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Background
Thomas Mottershead was born in Widnes, Lancashire on 17 January 1892. He was the son of Thomas and Lucy Mottershead. He studied engineering at Widnes Technical School and was apprenticed as a fitter and turner after leaving school. In February 1914, he married Lilian Medlicott Bree and the couple had a son, Sydney, the following year. Mottershead was living at 31 Lilac Avenue in Widnes and working as a garage mechanic when World War I began. He enlisted in the Royal Flying Corps on 10 August 1914 as a mechanic, He was posted to the Central Flying school at Upavon and was promoted to Sergeant on 1 April 1916.

In May 1916 he began pilot training and 9 June of that year he obtained his Flying Certificate. He was posted to No.25 Squadron at St Omer, flying the FE 2, on 6 July 1916 and saw action in the Battle of the Somme.

Distinguished Conduct Medal
One of his first operations was low-level bombing raid on a German anti-aircraft battery which he successfully destroyed. On 22 September, with 2/Lt C. Street as observer he bombed the railway station at Samain, destroying one ammunition train and strafing another. While climbing away from the target, their aircraft was attacked by a Fokker scout. Accounts of the engagement indicate that it was Mottershead's skillful manoeuvring which enabled Street to shoot the enemy aircraft down. For this action and other displays of gallantry, Sgt Mottershead was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal and promoted to the rank of Flight Sgt.

Undocumented accounts state that Mottershead and another No. 25 Squadron pilot landed on a German airfield, allowing their gunners to shoot up the hangars before taking off and escaping. The reputed date and location seem to remain unknown, but he was then transferred to No.20 Squadron at Clairmarais aerodrome.

Victoria Cross
On 7 January 1917 near Ploegsteert Wood, Belgium, Sergeant Mottershead was on patrol in FE-2d (serial number A39) with observer Lt. Willian Edward Gower when he was engaged in combat by two Albatros D.III of Jasta 8. Lt Gower managed to hit one and put it out of the action, the second Albatros however, flown by German 'ace' Leutnant Walter Göttsch (20 victories), hit Mottershead's aircraft, with the petrol tank pierced and the machine was set on fire. Enveloped in flames which his observer was unable to subdue with a handheld fire extinguisher, the Sergeant was badly burned but nevertheless managed to take his aircraft back to the Allied lines and made a successful forced landing. The undercarriage collapsed on touching the ground however, throwing the observer clear but pinning Mottershead in his cockpit. He was subsequently rescued but died of burns to his face, arms and thighs five days later in Number 8 Casualty Clearing Station, Bailleul.

Mottershead received the only V.C. ever awarded to a non-commissioned RFC officer during the First World War. The medal was presented to Mottershead's widow Lilian by King George V in a ceremony in Hyde Park, London on 2 June 1917.

Lt Gower, 26, a pre-war railway engineering draughtsman from 62 Arthur Street, Derby, suffered severe facial burns and spent some eight-months recuperating prior to being transferred as an instructor to Palestine. He survived the war, and in May 1917 received the Military Cross from the King for his efforts to help Sgt Motterhead by spraying him with the aircraft's fire extinguisher, despite being on fire himself. Lt Gower had joined the Army in 1914 and had served at the Battle of the Somme with the Sherwood Foresters as an infantry officer. He was Mentioned in Despatches.

Citation
"For most conspicuous bravery, endurance and skill, when attacked at an altitude of 9,000 feet; the petrol tank was pierced and the machine set on fire. Enveloped in flames, which his Observer, Lt. Gower was unable to subdue, this very gallant soldier succeeded in bringing his aeroplane back to our lines, and though he made a successful landing, the machine collapsed on touching the ground, pinning him beneath wreckage from which he was subsequently rescued. Though suffering extreme torture from burns, Sgt. Mottershead showed the most conspicuous presence of mind in the careful selection of a landing place, and his wonderful endurance and fortitude undoubtedly saved the life of his Observer. He has since succumbed to his injuries."

Memorial Fund Concert
On Wednesday, 11 April 1917 the Mayor of Widnes held a concert in the Premier Picture House for the "Memorial Fund to the late Sergeant T. Mottershead V.C, D.C.M"

The flyer for that concert included a 'TRIBUTE TO "A VERY GALLANT SOLDIER"', by Amanda Bebbington, also published in the "Weekly News" on 16 February 1917.

TRIBUTE TO "A VERY GALLANT SOLDIER"

If I strove to tell this story as such story should be told, I should write in jewel letters on a leaf of shining gold; With a diamond pen to shrine each word as crystal as a tear, And a blood-red fire of rubies to flash the record clear.

Oh! I cannot tell this story, for the flame is in my heart, And my soul's afire with a vision of the mighty hero-part; And I spill the diamonds, in tears, that blind my mortal eyes As I dream the horror of that flight through the unpitying skies.

Oh! A nation's heart beats quicker with a proud exultant glow; For such deeds as these can thrill her through her agony of woe. And the England that doth render him her amplest meed of fame Counts richest jewel in her crown her brave son's honoured name.

I leave the story all untold - too feeble are my words. The ocean's diapason and the storm wind's thundering chords, The very stars that strew the heavens, the suns that ceaseless roll Shall sing and blaze the brighter since they keep that hero-soul.

(Amanda Bebbington, in the "Weekly News", 16 February 1917)

Statue
On 1 April 2018 a statue commemorating Mottershead was unveiled in Victoria Park, Widnes.

title: Thomas Mottershead


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Richard Windsor

Richard Windsor was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep

Richard Windsor
The article says: "Richard Windsor's date of birth, life, and date of death remain a mystery." I'm assuming the article was added in good faith, and I'm not questioning RW's notability (he is mentioned in Lewis and Clark Expedition); however, if nothing is known about this person, there is no need for a separate article saying so. --MarkSweep 22:10, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I have added to this article information that I researched on the internet. I hope it is enough I agree completely with the statement that Richard Windsor deserves a place in history, which he has earned, and it is the duty of the people and this website to remember that.
 * There's a wee bit more on him around the Web, including at the PBS website1: that Windsor was recruited in Kaskaskia, was a Private in the army, was an experienced woodsman, and that he was later living in Illinois again. Other sites list his monthly rate and his salary. But it seems that most of this brave explorer's life will forever be a mystery. Still, other Corps of Engineers members have articles, and it seems that poor Richard deserves one too.  I vote keep and expand as much as possible.  Fishal 23:18, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Needs expanding not deleting. Dr Zen 23:49, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with Lewis and Clark Expedition. There isn't enough about this guy to merit splitting the information off from that article. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway Talk]] 00:03, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and give this article a chance for organic growth. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 00:56, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If nothing else is known about him, can't we just redirect to Lewis and Clark Expedition? -- Jmabel | Talk 02:21, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with Jmabel. Redirect and make it a requested article. This little information is no information, especially if the article was generated by a redlink at Lewis and Clark Expedition. Geogre 04:11, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with that. - Skysmith 10:04, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The debate here isn't whether he deserves a place in history (he already managed that). It's whether the information is best placed in the main Lois and Clark Lewis and Clark page or on its own.  --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 00:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:81.57.41.51

title: User talk:81.57.41.51


text:
User talk:John Smithee

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you were just trying to experiment, then use the sandbox instead. Thank you. Gamaliel 22:11, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:John Smithee


text:
Illinois Route 17

Illinois Route 17 (IL 17) is a rural, arterial east–west state highway that runs east from a former ferry crossing in New Boston along the banks of the Mississippi River to State Road 2 west of Lowell, Indiana. It is 209.40 mi long.

Route description
Illinois 17 is the main street for numerous small towns in west central and central Illinois. It crosses the Illinois River at Lacon, and passes through Dwight and Kankakee, before it joins with Illinois Route 1 and enters Indiana east of Grant Park.

Illinois 17 also overlaps with U.S. Route 34, Illinois Route 251 (old U.S. Route 51), and Illinois Route 40 south of Wyoming. It also crosses the Kankakee River at Kankakee, IL. The route is largely a 2 lane road except through towns, where it occasionally becomes a 2 lane road with a center turn lane. East of Kankakee, Illinois 17 becomes a 4-lane divided highway.

At its western terminus, Illinois 17 is one of the only routes in the state not to connect to a state highway or U.S. Route of another state. A ferry crossing to Iowa had been dropped in the 1950s, but the terminus has not been moved east to reflect this. In 2003, the discovery that the Mississippi River had deepened at a nearby location raised the possibility of returning ferry service to New Boston. Ferry service in New Boston would be expected to bring 15,000 cars across the river yearly, saving the vehicles from driving to either Burlington, Iowa or Muscatine, Iowa — distances of about 50 miles (80 km) — to cross over into Iowa.

History
SBI Route 17 originally ran from Lacon to Grant Park. The only changes to Route 17 have been extensions east and west, and a relocation to a new road south of Streator.

Illinois Route 83A connected Illinois Route 83 (now Illinois Route 17) to Keithsburg.

title: Illinois Route 17


text:
Richard Kelliher

Richard Kelliher, VC (1 September 1910 – 28 January 1963) was an Irish-born Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Kelliher received his VC while serving with the Second Australian Imperial Force in New Guinea during the Second World War.

Early life
Kelliher was born in Ballybeggan, Tralee, County Kerry in Ireland, then part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and emigrated to Queensland, Australia in 1929 with his sister Norah. Due to lack of work during the Great Depression his sister moved to Sydney while Kelliher became a swagman, working a variety of jobs.

Military service
Kelliher enlisted in the Second Australian Imperial Force on 21 February 1941, and was sent to the Middle East. He was assigned to the 2/25th Battalion, which was on garrison duty in Syria. The battalion returned to Australia in March 1942 and was sent to New Guinea, where it took part in the Battle of Buna–Gona later that year. During this battle Kelliher was arrested after allegedly running from the front. He was later court martialled for cowardice in the face of the enemy where he claimed his platoon commander had sent him back for information. The commander had been killed in the battle and Kelliher had no witnesses to his version. He was convicted, but the charge was soon after quashed and, after rejoining his unit, Kelliher stated he would prove he was no coward.

On 13 September 1943, during the Battle of Lae, the platoon to which Private Kelliher was attached came under very heavy fire from a concealed Japanese machine gun, at Heath's Plantation. The machine gun inflicted severe casualties and prevented the platoon's advance. Private Kelliher suddenly, on his own initiative, dashed towards the post and hurled two grenades at it, which killed some of the enemy. He returned to his section, seized a Bren gun, dashed back to the enemy post and silenced it. He then asked permission to go out again to rescue his wounded section leader, which he accomplished successfully under heavy fire from another enemy position.

Kelliher had bad health after suffering from both typhoid and meningitis before the war. In 1944 he was declared medically unfit for active service and discharged.

Later life
He later travelled to London to take part in the London Victory Parade of 1946. He married in 1949 and had three children. While working as a cleaner at Brisbane City Hall he applied for, but failed to get, a taxi driver's licence and the family moved to Melbourne where he got a job as a gardener.

By the late 1950s Kelliher was completely disabled due to ill health and on 16 January 1963 had a stroke. He died in Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital on 28 January. In 1966, Kelliher's battalion association bought his VC for AU$2,000 (equivalent to AU$27,400 in 2021) and donated it to the Australian War Memorial, where it is on display.

title: Richard Kelliher


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Haverly's Ragged Tambo Men

Haverly's Ragged Tambo Men was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Haverly's Ragged Tambo Men
Originally listed as a speedy. I cannot verify the authenticity of this page, but I have posted a request for verification on Scipiocoon user's talk page to give him the benefit of the doubt. -- User:ClockworkSoul 22:19, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC) I Abstain for now - I think if Hillarry was really involved it is worth noting but as others said google test fails, so the supposed Hillary involment might be false - will wait for proove DeirYassin 02:14, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * This looks like the kind of article that might not be referenced much on the net, but I'd like to note it fails the Google test miserably, only one link listed, that leads straight to Wikipedia. Abstain for the moment. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 22:45, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * As the one who listed it for speedy delete, I obviously vote delete now. My rationale was that from his contributions it looked like he was trying to disrupt Wikipedia with racist articles. One article of his has already been speedily deleted for the same reason. It was Jaking Nigs or something close to that with the "darkies" jaking, as referenced in the famous book (something like) "Ima-Nig" by Yoker and something. It was then followed by the image Image:Black_and_white_minstrel_show.jpg (not sure how to link to it, as putting the normal link tag here makes the huge pic show up inline). Also note that the image on the article currently in question had a previous version uploaded, where the writing at the bottom seems to mention some name other that Haverly's Ragged Tambo Men as being the group, though I could be wrong. Submitter's only other article is Gwine, which is also up for deletion votes. That's the background. On this particle article since it's now up for vote, even ifit turns out it wasn;t motivated by disruption, I think non-notability wins on this one hands-down, as I can't imagine listing every minstrel troupe that ever did darkface gags. Only Edmund Hillary's supposed involvement makes it notable, and then I don't think we need to list all the, say, cub scout packs any famous person was ever involved in. Sorry to be long-winded, but there it is as I saw it. DreamGuy 23:59, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete: Vandalism. Proper speedy delete.  The image is, I believe, something I have seen before and is, I think, American.  The contributor has a history of racist edits, has a racist user name, and it is up to the article to verify, not up to us to disprove.  The Wikipedia guidelines are pretty clear on this.  In fact, articles are supposed to cite sources.  We're a long way from those days, I grant, but it's still the guideline.  Geogre 04:15, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree that it's very likely vandalism, but I also abstain for the next 24-hours in hopes that the user can come up with come up with something to redeem this article ; if he cannot, I will change this to a strong delete. If this user can redeem the article, it would be to his (and our) benefit. I cannot agree that this is a proper speedy, though, because it's not obvious vandalism. Besides, we should "vote on the article, not the person". -- User:ClockworkSoul 05:02, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Forget it: I searched all over, and records for this simply don't exist. Vote changed to delete. By the way, DreamGuy, the link that you want is Image:Black_and_white_minstrel_show.jpg. -- User:ClockworkSoul 05:09, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Given that this seems to be racist vandalism, is there really a requirement that we keep the voting open for five days rather than delete it now? And in the circumstances, do we have any reason to believe the picture really is public domain? -- Jmabel | Talk 07:58, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * As with other cases, I will wait 24 hours and see if there is any dissent. Other people may act sooner.  After the 24 hours, if no one speaks for it, I'll speedy it.  If that was wrong, if User:Scipiocoon offers proof, then we can pursue it at Votes for Undeletion.  Geogre 15:11, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The author has been doing other editing and has had time to respond, and like Geogre said, if User:Scipiocoon offers proof, we can send this to Votes for Undeletion. I'm speedying this one as vandalism. -- User:ClockworkSoul 22:13, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:MikeRichardson

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 22:13, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:MikeRichardson


text:
William Forshaw

Major William Thomas Forshaw VC (20 April 1890 – 26 May 1943) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Early life
Forshaw was born 20 April 1890 in Barrow-in-Furness. In civilian life Forshaw was a teacher and was teaching at the North Manchester School, a prep school for The Manchester Grammar School, immediately before the outbreak of the First World War.

Military career
When he was 25 years old, and a Lieutenant (temporary Captain) in the 1/9th Battalion, Manchester Regiment, Territorial Force during the First World War, he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions between 7 and 9 August 1915 in Gallipoli, Turkey at the Battle of Krithia Vineyard. The London Gazette of 9 September 1915 reported

"..when holding the north-west corner of 'The Vineyard' against heavy attacks by the Turks, Lieutenant Forshaw not only directed his men but personally threw bombs continuously for over 40 hours. When his detachment was relieved, he volunteered to continue directing the defence. Later, when the Turks captured a portion of the trench, he shot three of them and recaptured it. It was due to his fine example and magnificent courage that this very important position was held."

He later achieved the rank of Major.

He died on 26 May 1943 and was buried at Touchen End, Berkshire in an unmarked grave. For many years the grave was unmarked but a new stone was erected in 1994 though not on the exact site.

His Victoria Cross and other campaign medals are displayed at the Museum of the Manchester Regiment, Ashton-under-Lyne, England in the Forshaw Room.

title: William Forshaw


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Rituximab

Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer. It is used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (in children and adults, but not recommended in elderly patients), rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis and Epstein–Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcers. It is given by slow intravenous infusion (injected slowly through an IV line).

Common side effects which often occur within two hours of the medication being given include rash, itchiness, low blood pressure, and shortness of breath. Infections are also common.

Severe side effects include reactivation of hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and death. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the developing fetus or newborn baby, but it is not proven harmful.

Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of immune system B cells. When it binds to this protein it triggers cell death.

Rituximab was approved for medical use in 1997. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Rituxan is co-marketed by Biogen and Genentech in the US, by Roche elsewhere except Japan, and co-marketed by Chugai Pharmaceuticals and Zenyaku Kogyo in Japan.

Medical uses
Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeted against CD20, a surface antigen present on B cells. It acts by depleting normal as well as pathogenic B cells while sparing plasma cells and hematopoietic stem cells, which do not express the CD20 surface antigen.

In the United States, rituximab is indicated to treat:

 * 1) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
 * 2) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
 * 3) rheumatoid arthritis having inadequate response to one or more TNF inhibitors
 * 4) vasculitides such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis
 * 5) moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris
 * 6) in combination with chemotherapy for children (≥ 6 months to < 18 years) with previously untreated, advanced stage, CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL), or mature acute B-cell leukemia (B-AL).

Blood cancers
Rituximab is used to treat cancers of the white blood system such as leukemias and lymphomas, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma. This also includes Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, a type of NHL. Rituximab in combination with hyaluronidase human, sold under the brand names MabThera SC and Rituxan Hycela, is used to treat follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is used in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide to treat previously untreated and previously treated CD20-positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Autoimmune diseases
Rituximab has been shown to be an effective rheumatoid arthritis treatment in three randomised controlled trials and is now licensed for use in refractory rheumatoid disease. In the United States, it has been FDA approved for use in combination with methotrexate for reducing signs and symptoms in adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response to one or more anti-TNF-alpha therapy. In the European Union, the license is slightly more restrictive: it is licensed for use in combination with methotrexate in patients with severe active RA who have had an inadequate response to one or more anti-TNF therapy.

There is some evidence for efficacy, but not necessarily safety, in a range of other autoimmune diseases, and rituximab is widely used off-label to treat difficult cases of multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and autoimmune anemias. The most dangerous, although among the most rare, side effect is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) infection, which is usually fatal; however, only a very small number of cases have been recorded occurring in autoimmune diseases.

Other autoimmune diseases that have been treated with rituximab include autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pure red cell aplasia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Evans syndrome, vasculitis (e.g., granulomatosis with polyangiitis), bullous skin disorders (for example, pemphigus, pemphigoid—with very encouraging results of approximately 85% rapid recovery in pemphigus, according to a 2006 study), type 1 diabetes mellitus, Sjögren syndrome, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and Devic's disease(Anti-AQP4 disease, MOG antibody disease), Graves' ophthalmopathy, autoimmune pancreatitis, Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS), and IgG4-related disease. There is some evidence that it is ineffective in treating IgA-mediated autoimmune diseases.

Adverse events
Serious adverse events, which can cause death and disability, include:

 * Severe infusion reaction
 * Cardiac arrest
 * Cytokine release syndrome
 * Tumor lysis syndrome, causing acute kidney injury
 * Infections
 * Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus reactivation
 * Hepatitis B reactivation
 * Other viral infections
 * Immune toxicity, with depletion of B cells in 70% to 80% of lymphoma patients
 * Pulmonary toxicity
 * Bowel obstruction and perforation

Two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus died of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) after being treated with rituximab. PML is caused by activation of JC virus, a common virus in the brain which is usually latent. Reactivation of the JC virus usually results in death or severe brain damage.

At least one patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed PML after treatment with rituximab.

Rituximab has been reported as a possible cofactor in a chronic hepatitis E infection in a person with lymphoma. Hepatitis E infection is normally an acute infection, suggesting the drug in combination with lymphoma may have weakened the body's immune response to the virus.

A major concern with continuous rituximab treatment is the difficulty to induce a proper vaccine response. This was brought into focus during the COVID-19 pandemic, where persons with multiple sclerosis and rituximab treatment had higher risk of severe COVID-19. In persons previously treated with rituximab for multiple sclerosis, 9 of 10 patients who delayed re-dosing until B cell counts passed 40/μL developed protective levels of antibodies after vaccination with tozinameran.

Mechanisms of action

The antibody binds to the cell surface protein CD20. CD20 is widely expressed on B cells, from early pre-B cells to later in differentiation, but it is absent on terminally differentiated plasma cells. Although the function of CD20 is unknown, it may play a role in Ca2+ influx across plasma membranes, maintaining intracellular Ca2+ concentration and allowing activation of B cells.

Rituximab is relatively ineffective in elimination of cells with low CD20 cell-surface levels. It tends to stick to one side of B cells, where CD20 is, forming a cap and drawing proteins over to that side. The presence of the cap changes the effectiveness of natural killer (NK) cells in destroying these B cells. When an NK cell latched onto the cap, it had an 80% success rate at killing the cell. In contrast, when the B cell lacked this asymmetric protein cluster, it was killed only 40% of the time.

The following effects have been found:

 * The Fc portion of rituximab mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
 * Rituximab has a general regulatory effect on the cell cycle.
 * Preferential elimination of malignant B cells with high CD20 levels and high BCR signaling propensity, especially in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
 * It increases MHC II and adhesion molecules LFA-1 and LFA-3 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen).
 * It elicits shedding of CD23.
 * It downregulates the B cell receptor.
 * It induces apoptosis of CD20+ cells.
 * Rituximab also induces a release of some chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from immune niches, which might make them more sensitive to chemotherapy used in combination with an anti-CD20 antibody.

The combined effect results in the elimination of B cells (including the cancerous ones) from the body, allowing a new population of healthy B cells to develop from lymphoid stem cells.

Rituximab binds to amino acids 170–173 and 182–185 on CD20, which are physically close to each other as a result of a disulfide bond between amino acids 167 and 183.

History
Rituximab was developed by IDEC Pharmaceuticals under the name IDEC-C2B8. The US patent for the drug was issued in 1998 and expired in 2015.

Based on its safety and effectiveness in clinical trials, rituximab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1997 to treat B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas resistant to other chemotherapy regimens. Rituximab, in combination with CHOP chemotherapy, is superior to CHOP alone in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and many other B-cell lymphomas. In 2010, it was approved by the European Commission for maintenance treatment after initial treatment of follicular lymphoma.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

In 2014, Genentech reclassified rituxan as a specialty drug, a class of drugs that are only available through specialty distributors in the US. Because wholesalers discounts and rebates no longer apply, hospitals would pay more.

Originally available for intravenous injection (e.g. over 2.5 hrs), in 2016, it gained EU approval in a formulation for subcutaneous injection for B-cell CLL/lymphoma (CLL).

In June 2017, the US FDA granted regular approval to the combination of rituximab and hyaluronidase human (brand name Rituxan Hycela) for adults with follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The combination is not indicated for the treatment of non-malignant conditions. The combination was approved based on clinical studies SABRINA/NCT01200758 and MabEase/NCT01649856.

In September 2019, the US FDA approved rituximab injection to treat granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis in children two years of age and older in combination with glucocorticoids (steroid hormones). It is the first approved treatment for children with these rare vasculitis diseases, in which a person's small blood vessels become inflamed, reducing the amount of blood that can flow through them. This can cause serious problems and damage to organs, most notably the lungs and the kidneys. It also can impact the sinuses and skin. Rituximab was approved by the FDA to treat adults with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis in 2011.

In December 2021, the US FDA approved rituximab in combination with chemotherapy for children aged 6 months to 18 years with previously untreated, advanced stage, CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Burkitt-like lymphoma, or mature B-cell acute leukemia. Efficacy was evaluated in Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010, a global multicenter, open-label, randomized 1:1 trial of participants six months in age or older with previously untreated, advanced stage, CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Burkitt-like lymphoma, or B-cell acute leukemia. Advanced stage was defined as stage III with elevated lactose dehydrogenase level (lactose dehydrogenase greater than twice the institutional upper limit of normal values) or stage IV B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or B-cell acute leukemia. Participants were randomized to Lymphome Malin B chemotherapy that consisted of corticosteroids, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, high-dose methotrexate, cytarabine, doxorubicin, etoposide, and triple drug (methotrexate/cytarabine/corticosteroid) intrathecal therapy alone or in combination with rituximab or non-US licensed rituximab, administered as six infusions of rituximab IV at a dose of 375 mg/m2 as per the Lymphome Malin B scheme.

Economics
Patents on rituximab expired in the European Union in February 2013, and in the United States in September 2016. , several biosimilars had been approved in the US, India, the European Union, Switzerland, Japan, and Australia. The US FDA approved Truxima (rituximab-abbs) in 2018, Ruxience (rituximab-pvvr) in 2019, and Riabni (rituximab-arrx) in 2020. The Riabni is about $3600 per 500 mg, wholesale, list. Truxima is about the same price as Riabni - 10% less than Rituxan, while Ruxience is 24% less than Rituxan.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Rituximab did not improve symptoms in patients with Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) in a trial published in 2019. Twenty-two percent of participants had serious events. This potential use was investigated after improvements in ME/CFS was seen in two cancer patients treated with rituximab.

Intrathecal
For CNS diseases, rituximab could be administered intrathecally and this possibility is under study.

Other anti-CD20 monoclonals
The efficacy and success of rituximab has led to some other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies being developed:

 * ocrelizumab, humanized (90%-95% human) B cell-depleting agent.
 * ofatumumab (HuMax-CD20) a fully human B cell-depleting agent.
 * Third-generation anti-CD20s such as obinutuzumab have a glycoengineered Fc fragment (Fc) with enhanced binding to Fc gamma receptors, which increase ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity). This strategy for enhancing a monoclonal antibody's ability to induce ADCC takes advantage of the fact that the displayed Fc glycan controls the antibody's affinity for Fc receptors.

title: Rituximab


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gabriel Kent

Gabriel Kent was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Gabriel Kent
- Dec 9, 2004 -- A note from Gabriel Kent a.k.a. "This guy": Firstly, this page was a short autobiography not a resume. It just so happens my notable points stem from my career, not so uncommon I would think. Secondly, I fail to see the logic in redirecting the page to The_Bill because a fictional character has the same name as me. Obviously I came first. Further I fail to see the logic in the redirect because on The_Bill page, there is a link to Todd_Carty (the actor who plays Gabriel Kent) which appears to be (what the voters have called) "vanity" and is in the same URI format as the page I created. I think this is hypocritical. Its too bad that even in an open information forum such as this, an actor in a television show enjoys liberties not extended to others like myself who have worked my whole life on the technologies that enable things such as Wikipedia to be created. I hope the voters that deleted my page feel justified in their decision, despite the hypocrisy. Nonetheless, I created the page for fun and I feel little for its loss, I just thought I would point out what I believe to be a flaw in the voters reasoning as I do not enjoy being labeled vain. Thank you for your time :) --

Egad. This guy has had his resume on Wikipedia for almost two months. RSpeer 22:14, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. --[[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 22:37, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, unencyclopedic vanity.ike9898
 * Delete or delete and then redirect to The Bill (Gabriel Kent is a fictional character on that television programme) -- Graham ☺ | Talk 22:51, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete odd, very odd. Vanity - Amgine 06:47, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete it. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 07:40, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and replace with redirect to The Bill. No merge. Kinitawowi 10:36, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and replace with redirect to The Bill, no merge. Jayjg 18:56, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Bikutsi

Bikutsi is a musical genre from Cameroon. It developed from the traditional styles of the Beti, or Ewondo, people, who live around the city of Yaoundé. It was popular in the middle of the 20th century in West Africa. It is primarily dance music.

Etymology
The word 'bikutsi' literally means 'beat the earth' or 'let's beat the earth' (bi- indicates a plural, -kut- means 'to beat' and -chi means 'earth'.) The name indicates a dance that is accompanied by stomping the feet on the ground.

Description
Bikutsi is characterised by an intense rhythm (3+3, with a strong "two" feel), though it is occasionally 9/8 and its tempo is usually quarternote. it is played at all sorts of Beti gatherings, including parties, funerals and weddings.

Beti gatherings fall into two major categories:

 * Ekang phase: the time when imaginary, mythological and spiritual issues are discussed
 * Bikutsi phase: when real-life issues are discussed

A double sided harp with calabash amplification called the mvet is used during these ceremonies, by Beti storytellers, who are viewed as using the mvet as an instrument of God to educate the people. The Ekang phase is intensely musical, and usually lasts all night. There are poetic recitations accompanied by clapping and dancing, with interludes for improvised and sometimes obscene performances on the balafon (a type of xylophone). These interludes signal the shift to the bikutsi phase, which is much less strictly structured than Ekang. During bikutsi, women dance and sing along with the balafon, and lyrics focus on relationships, sexuality and the lives of famous people. These female choruses are an integral part of bikutsi, and their intense dancing and screams are characteristic of the genre. Traditional bikutsi was often ironic in its content, as many modern bikutsi songs still are.

In its modern form, bikutsi is very popular, and rivals makossa as the country's most renowned style.

History
Popular bikutsi first appeared in the 1940s with the recording of Anne-Marie Nzié. Some twenty years later, the style was electrified with the addition of keyboards and guitars. The most popular performer of this period was Messi Me Nkonda Martin, frontman for Los Camaroes and known as "the father of modern bikutsi music". In an effort to translate the sound and spirit of traditional bikutsi music to more modern terms, Messi incorporated the sound of a balafon into the electric guitar by linking together the guitar strings with lengths of cotton cord. Played in this way, the electric guitar sounded similar to the balafon. The music itself, then, was only slightly altered, while the image and outside perception of bikutsi music was changed enormously. Other bands during this time, such as Les Vétérans, were also popular.

International acclaim began in 1987 with the formation of Les Têtes Brûlées by Jean Marie Ahanda. The late guitarist of Les Têtes Brulées, Zanzibar, invented the trick of damping the strings of his guitar with a strip of foam rubber to produce the music's characteristic balafon-like thunk. (The balafon is a marimba-like instrument that is widely used in African folk music.) More modern performers include Jimmy Mvondo Mvelé and Mbarga Soukous.

Present-day bikutsi as performed by artists like Lady Ponce, K-Tino, Racine Sagath and Natascha Bizo is sometimes regarded as controversial. It has been criticised for the perceived sexual content of its lyrics and dancing style. In this respect bikutsi resembles mapouka from Côte d'Ivoire, which is also considered indecent by many Africans. The main difference is that present day bikutsi is still often performed by female artists who use it as a means of self-expression in a traditionally male-dominated society.

Thus a singer like K-Tino, self-styled femme du peuple (woman of the people) sees herself as having an important part to play in the emancipation and liberation of the women of Cameroon.

Among the current crop of artists are Patou Bass and Ovasho Bens, the promoter of a dance and philosophy called "zig zag". His first album is composed not only of Cameroonian traditional rhythms but also West Indian zouk and Jamaican-style reggae.

Bikutsi has influenced Western musicians such as Paul Simon on his 1990 album The Rhythm of the Saints.

title: Bikutsi


text: File:VCWilliamHenryJohnston.jpg

title: File:VCWilliamHenryJohnston.jpg


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William Henry Johnston

William Henry Johnston (21 December 1879 – 8 June 1915) was a British soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Born 21 December 1879 in Leith, Edinburgh to Maj. William Johnston and Mary Johnston. Johnston was a captain in the 59th Field Company, Corps of Royal Engineers, British Army. He was 34 years old, on 14 September 1914 during the Race to the Sea at Missy, France, in the First World War, he performed an act of bravery for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross.

His citation read: "At Missy, on 14th Sept., under a heavy fire all day until 7 p.m., worked with his own hand two rafts bringing back wounded and returning with ammunition; thus enabling advanced Brigade to maintain its position across the river."

- The London Gazette, No. 28985, 25 November 1914

Johnston afterwards served with the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers at St Eloi in the Ypres Salient. Mining activity by the Royal Engineers began at St Eloi in early 1915. The Germans exploded mines under the area known as The Mound just south-east of St Eloi in March 1915 and in the ensuing fighting the British suffered some 500 casualties. A month later, on 14 April 1915, the Germans fired another mine producing a crater over 20 m in diameter. Much of the British tunnelling in this sector was done by the 177th and 172nd Tunnelling Company, the latter commanded in early 1915 by Captain William Henry Johnston VC. Johnston left 172nd Tunnelling Company in early May and was killed in action at Ypres on 8 June 1915. He eventually achieved the rank of major.

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Engineers Museum, Chatham, Kent.

title: William Henry Johnston


text:
Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven

Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven (13 August 1873 – 15 July 1932), who published under his initials C.J. Langenhoven, was a South African poet who played a major role in the development of Afrikaans literature and cultural history. His poetry was one of the then young language's foremost promoters. He is best known for writing the words for the national anthem of South Africa, "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika", which was used during the apartheid era. He was affectionately known as Sagmoedige Neelsie (Gentle Neelsie) or Kerneels. His childhood friend who helped him get into poetry was called Hans Conrodius van Zyl.

Biography
Langenhoven was born at Hoeko, near Ladismith, in the then Cape Colony, and later moved to Oudtshoorn where he became its most famous resident. In 1897 he married the widow Lenie van Velden. They had one child, a daughter named Engela, who was born in 1901. By 1914 he became a member of parliament (first as member of The House of Assembly, and later as Senator) where he took to the next level the struggle to have Afrikaans officially recognised. He was also a founding member of the Afrikaans newspaper Die Burger, and a South African Freemason.

His most famous work is the former South African national anthem "Die Stem", which he wrote in 1918. Parts of it have been incorporated into the current national anthem, used since the abolition of apartheid in the 1990s. To celebrate the centenary of his birth, in 1973 the South African Post Office issued a series of stamps (in 4-cent, 5-cent and 15-cent denominations).

Langenhoven's writing career spanned almost every genre, from poetry to ghost and alien stories. He also translated several works into Afrikaans, amongst which was the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. He was instrumental in the movement for the acceptance of Afrikaans as a language, and for it to be taught as the first language in schools instead of Dutch. This culminated in the language officially being used in parliament in 1925, and by 1927 it was recognised as an official language of South Africa, together with English and Dutch, although it effectively replaced Dutch in general usage.

Personality
Considered one of the most versatile writers in Afrikaans, he was a master of the short form of prose and is best remembered for his humorous and satirical works, illustrated by a nonsense-verse "love poem" he wrote for his dog. Langenhoven was well known for his sharp wit and gentle manner. He owned an imaginary elephant named Herrie ("Harry") that appeared in many of his stories. He even carved its name onto a boulder next to the N12 highway near Meiringspoort (outside Oudtshoorn) in 1929. This boulder, known as Herrie's Stone ("Herrie se Klip", in Afrikaans), has been declared a provincial heritage site.

Legacy

 * The Stellenbosch University Student Center is named after him and is affectionately known as "Die Neelsie" ("The Neelsie").
 * South African filmmaker Manie van Rensburg made a light-hearted comedic television series based on Langenhoven's work in 1983, titled Sagmoedige Neelsie.
 * To celebrate the centenary of his birth, the South African Post Office issued C.J. Langenhoven stamps in 1973.
 * A suburb in the west of Bloemfontein called Langenhoven Park was named after him.
 * Langenhoven is regarded as one of the most prolific and most versatile Afrikaans writers still today, his Collected Works comprising 16 volumes. He is also fondly remembered and referred to for his quirky personality.
 * The place he and his family lived in, called the Arbeidsgenot, (meaning "the pleasure of work" or "the joy of labour") has been turned into a house museum. They lived there from 1901 until 1950.
 * Nelson Mandela recounts that in 1964 while in prison he read a book by Langenhoven called Shadows of Nazareth about the trial of Jesus Christ that deeply affected him. Mandela describes how in Langenhoven's book Pilate agreed to judge Jesus, then offered the public a choice that freed not Jesus but the zealot Barabbas, and then how he, Pilate, finally ordered Jesus brought into the Roman court. "He gazed upwards and his eyes seemed to pierce through the roof and to see right beyond the stars," wrote Langenhoven. "It became clear that in that courtroom authority was not in me as a judge, but was down below in the dock where the prisoner was."

title: Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven


text:
Talk:Mannose

Assessment comment
Substituted at 23:00, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Article is incomplete
I can't tell from this article:

(1) Do people need mannose in their diet? Does it occur in foods? Are there many sources for mannose?

(2) Can mannose be absorbed into the bloodstream in the gut? Is it broken down from other carbohydrates in the gut?

(3) Can mannose be produced by cells (other than in the gut)? From what precursors, and where?

The "metabolism" section is too technical and it buries these interesting headline points, or omits them. I also couldn't find this information on the net, only a google wall of advertising explainers for mannose. I'm trying to figure out why mannose (and xylose) is not included in the frequently-cited list "glucose-fructose-galactose".

Compare it for example to the article on glycogen. The current article treats mannose mainly as a molecule; the article on glycogen gives the biological context and the human utility as well, and in plainer language. (Of course glycogen is more important, but still.)

178.39.122.125 (talk) 15:06, 14 June 2016 (UTC)

 * I modified the lede to answer (1)-(3) partially. My source is http://www.nutrientsreview.com/carbs/monosaccharides-mannose.html. The source appears to be excellent and clear, and it's not an alternative medicine advertising site. It has other information that could be imported into this article. It lists 15 sources; you have to click on "References" to see them.

 * 178.39.122.125 (talk) 17:20, 14 June 2016 (UTC)

Updated studies
While I appreciate the need to avoid false or unreliable sources, it seems that the Springer-published, peer-reviewed World Journal of Urology has been suggested as a primary source (certainly by Edgar181). I don't believe this is updated. The authors of the paper showing effectiveness of Mannose for recurrent UTI in a Randomized controlled trial are very carefull to say that one RCT success isn't sufficient to justify a broadbrush claim stating We believe that D-mannose may be a useful agent for the prevention of recurrent UTIs but further clinical trials will be necessary. (in their associated commentary at DOI: 10.1111/bju.12492)

I note that these papers were published after much of the discussion on this talk page about the veracity of the scientific claims.

Jpmaytum (talk) 15:03, 30 August 2017 (UTC)

 * In general, medical information should be supported by secondary sources, rather than primary sources (see WP:MEDRS for details). That's why I added the npsn template to the comment about urinary tract infections.  Do you know if there is any review article/literature review that covers the research regarding mannose and UTIs?  That would be the ideal kind of source to use to support the "Therapeutic potential" section.  -- Ed (Edgar181) 15:14, 30 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Please see WP:MEDRS. Jytdog (talk) 00:12, 31 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mannose


text: File:VCSamuelMeekosha.jpg

title: File:VCSamuelMeekosha.jpg


text:
Courtételle

Courtételle is a municipality in the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

History
Courtételle is first mentioned in 1178 as Curtetele.

Geography
Courtételle has an area of. Of this area, 7.55 km2 or 55.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.87 km2 or 35.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.11 km2 or 8.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.04 km2 or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.3%. Out of the forested land, 32.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 31.8% is used for growing crops and 14.4% is pastures and 8.5% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Delémont district, above Delémont on the right bank of the Sorne river. It consists of the village of Courtételle and a number of scattered hamlets and farm houses.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, Coupeaux of Six Vert bordered Or.

Demographics
Courtételle has a population of. , 13.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 7%. Migration accounted for 1.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 3.9%.

Most of the population speaks French (1,999 or 91.7%) as their first language, Italian is the second most common (57 or 2.6%) and German is the third (46 or 2.1%).

, the population was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. The population was made up of 995 Swiss men (42.3% of the population) and 164 (7.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,052 Swiss women (44.7%) and 142 (6.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 859 or about 39.4% were born in Courtételle and lived there in 2000. There were 748 or 34.3% who were born in the same canton, while 264 or 12.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 272 or 12.5% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13%.

, there were 924 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,049 married individuals, 111 widows or widowers and 96 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 859 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 238 households that consist of only one person and 73 households with five or more people. , a total of 845 apartments (92.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 37 apartments (4.1%) were seasonally occupied and 29 apartments (3.2%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0.4 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.08%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 43.76% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (22.56%), the SVP (13.05%) and the CSP (10.39%). In the federal election, a total of 634 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 40.8%.

Economy
, Courtételle had an unemployment rate of 5.8%. , there were 46 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 20 businesses involved in this sector. 339 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 26 businesses in this sector. 287 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 55 businesses in this sector. There were 1,059 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.3% of the workforce.

the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 582. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 33, of which 30 were in agriculture and 3 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 329 of which 262 or (79.6%) were in manufacturing and 67 (20.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 220. In the tertiary sector; 64 or 29.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 10 or 4.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 12 or 5.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 0.9% were in the information industry, 6 or 2.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 6 or 2.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 65 or 29.5% were in education and 18 or 8.2% were in health care.

, there were 440 workers who commuted into the municipality and 733 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 12.3% of the workforce coming into Courtételle are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 11.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 66.1% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 1,736 or 79.6% were Roman Catholic, while 188 or 8.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, and there were 63 individuals (or about 2.89% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 52 (or about 2.39% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 4 individuals who belonged to another church. 110 (or about 5.05% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 56 individuals (or about 2.57% of the population) did not answer the question.

Transport
Courtételle sits on the Delémont–Delle line and is served by trains at Courtételle railway station.

Education
In Courtételle about 818 or (37.5%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 166 or (7.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 166 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.1% were Swiss men, 21.7% were Swiss women, 10.2% were non-Swiss men and 3.0% were non-Swiss women.

The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2009-10 school year, there were no students attending school in Courtételle. , there were 28 students in Courtételle who came from another municipality, while 150 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Courtételle


text:
Cicones

The Cicones (Κίκονες) or Ciconians  were a Homeric Thracian tribe, whose stronghold in the time of Odysseus was the town of Ismara (or Ismarus), located at the foot of mount Ismara, on the south Webpage on Cicones : "The Ciconians or Cicones, who lived on the southwestern coast of Thrace, sided with Troy against the Achaean invaders during the Trojan War. On this occasion they were led by Euphemus 2 (son of Troezenus, son of Ceas), who may therefore be counted among the TROJAN LEADERS. Another Ciconian leader during the Trojan War was Mentes, in whose shape Apollo addressed Hector, encouraging him to fight for the arms of the dead Patroclus. The fate of these two leaders has not been reported. After the sack of Troy, Odysseus, on his homeward way, came with his twelve ships to the land of the Ciconians, where he pillaged the city of Ismarus, not sparing anyone except a priest of Apollo called Maron, son of Evanthes. This Evanthes, who reigned in Marioneia, is said to be the son of Oenopion (son of Ariadne, either by Theseus or by Dionysus), who is said to have blinded Orion.In the land of the Ciconians, the Achaeans gave themselves to plunder and murder, and when they had taken women and treasures, Odysseus said to his men that they ought to be off, but as his soldiers enjoyed the Ciconian wine and food, they kept drinking and butchering animals by the shore, refusing to leave. Meanwhile, the Ciconians received reinforcements from their up-country neighbours, who were well trained at fighting from chariots, or on foot. When they had grouped, they attacked the Achaeans by the ships and, after fighting for a whole day, they broke their ranks. This is why the Achaeans put to sea, and fled after suffering what may be considered as heavy losses; for more than seventy men belonging to Odysseus' army were killed." coast of Thrace (in modern Greece). They are mentioned in book two of the Iliad as having joined the war on the side of the Trojans, led by Euphemus. In book nine of Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus and his men take Ismara by surprise and slay most of the Ciconian men they come across, taking Ciconian women as slaves. Later Ciconian reinforcements arrive and attack the invading Achaeans, killing so many of them that Odysseus and his men are forced to flee in their ships. Six men of each of Odysseus' ships were killed:

When I had set sail thence the wind took me first to Ismarus, which is the city of the Cicons. There I sacked the town and put the people to the sword. We took their wives and also much booty which we divided equitably amongst us, so that none might have reason to complain. I then said that we had better make off at once, but my men very foolishly would not obey me, so they stayed there drinking much wine and killing great numbers of sheep and oxen on the sea shore. Meanwhile the Cicons cried out for help to other Cicons who lived inland. These were more in number, and stronger, and they were more skilled in the art of war, for they could fight, either from chariots or on foot as the occasion served; in the morning, therefore, they came as thick as leaves and bloom in summer, and the hand of heaven was against us, so that we were hard pressed. They set the battle in array near the ships, and the hosts aimed their bronze-shod spears at one another. So long as the day waxed and it was still morning, we held our own against them, though they were more in number than we; but as the sun went down, towards the time when men loose their oxen, the Cicons got the better of us, and we lost half a dozen men from every ship we had; so we got away with those that were left''. The Odyssey by Homer, Book ix, continuation: "Thence we sailed onward with sorrow in our hearts, but glad to have escaped death though we had lost our comrades, nor did we leave till we had thrice invoked each one of the poor fellows who had perished by the hands of the Cicons. Then Jove raised the North wind against us till it blew a hurricane, so that land and sky were hidden in thick clouds, and night sprang forth out of the heavens. We let the ships run before the gale, but the force of the wind tore our sails to tatters, so we took them down for fear of shipwreck, and rowed our hardest towards the land. There we lay two days and two nights suffering much alike from toil and distress of mind, but on the morning of the third day we again raised our masts, set sail, and took our places, letting the wind and steersmen direct our ship. I should have got home at that time unharmed had not the North wind and the currents been against me as I was doubling Cape Malea, and set me off my course hard by the island of Cythera. […] When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, we admired the island and wandered all over it, while the nymphs Jove's daughters roused the wild goats that we might get some meat for our dinner. On this we fetched our spears and bows and arrows from the ships, and dividing ourselves into three bands began to shoot the goats. Heaven sent us excellent sport; I had twelve ships with me, and each ship got nine goats, while my own ship had ten; thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun we ate and drank our fill,- and we had plenty of wine left, for each one of us had taken many jars full when we sacked the city of the Cicons, and this had not yet run out. While we were feasting we kept turning our eyes towards the land of the Cyclopes, which was hard by, and saw the smoke of their stubble fires. We could almost fancy we heard their voices and the bleating of their sheep and goats, but when the sun went down and it came on dark, we camped down upon the beach, and next morning I called a council."

The Cicones are also referred to in the book of poems Metamorphoses by Ovid. They are mentioned in book VI when he writes of Boreas and Orithyia, when Ovid states:

He bore her off; and as he flew he felt the flames of love gain force on force; he did not curbe his course across the air until he'd reach the northern lands and city of the Cicones.

Orpheus, the Thracian lyre-player who sought his lover Eurydice in the underworld, was said to have been torn to pieces by Ciconian women after he rejected their advances, subsequently being reincarnated as a swan, or, according to Ovid, his disembodied head floating on the sea until it came to rest on the island of Lesbos, where it continued to speak, uttering prophecies.

In classical times and in a historical context they go into obscurity. Non mythical instances of them occur in Herodotus (5th century BC) as he writes of their land that Xerxes' army passed by. The tribe itself is thought to have disappeared early on.

Eumenes of Cardia lived there for a while after being retrieved from a sunk slave ship heading to Olbia, Ukraine.

title: Cicones


text: User talk:62.52.37.172

title: User talk:62.52.37.172


text:
Talk:Guy Ballard

Untitled
I don't know anything about this person however I edited the spelling and grammar (is that a Wikisin?) Does anyone know anything about Guy Ballard? Sounds like an interesting enough guy, worthy of a Wikipedia article I suppose. Paul 23:02, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Some account of Ballard's wife's prosecution for misusing the US mail; and moreover the disappointment felt by his followers when he did not ascend but merely died, is needed. Jmc29 13.58, 19 July 2005 (GMT)
 * Are you sure? What happened to Jesus? One could say that one need not literally believe that Jesus's physical body ascended into heaven on Easter Sunday to believe that his spirit "ascended" in some broader sense, or that he was a great mystic, teacher and Son of God and one of the greats of religious history etc. etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.218.196.222 (talk) 12:36, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

This needs cleanup, neutrality
This needs to be addressed by a non-member of his group. I don't want to do it right now, but someone should go through this and rewrite for neutrality. I've added the rewrite tag. I'll watch the page, so if you have more questions about what needs to be improved, just ask. JesseW, the juggling janitor 21:55, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I tried, but it seems the stuff about the I AM activity is already covered less weaselly in a main article on it. I suggest after the first bits about Guy Ballard, the I AM stuff could be culled out. Does anyone know how he died? Also, this article says his wife was in legal strife but the activity article states they both were, so in the interests of biography I will transfer some personal stuff across. Julia Rossi 06:38, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

Merge proposal
An extensive newspaper, google scholar search turned up very little on Guy Ballard. He is only notable insofar as he was the founder of the "I AM" Activity, which is itself only somewhat notable. This article should be merged into "I AM" Activity. Fireplace (talk) 23:47, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I disagree with this merger. Guy Ballard happens to be notable as the first person to introduce the concept of "Ascended Masters" in 1934. Millions since then have used that concept, and his particular take on esoteric philosophy and Theosophy, as part of their religious and philosophical systems world wide. As a student of religious history, it does not seem appropriate to exclude him. Arion (talk) 01:38, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Do you have a reliable source for the claim that millions have used Guy Ballard's concept of ascended master? Fireplace (talk) 03:04, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia has multiple articles, all dealing with this topic, under different names: Secret Chiefs, Great White Brotherhood, Masters of the Ancient Wisdom, and Ascended master (an article that, as of 2018.12.25, reads like an advertisement for Guy Ballard's IAM movement). Elsewhere Wikipedia states that the concept, in its Western/European form, traces back to Karl von Eckartshausen (1752 – 1803), and was greatly popularized by HPB, the founder of Theosophy, which Ballard studied, and where he would have learned the idea. Anybody who channels is using this concept. That Guy Ballard claims exclusivity as the channel for Saint Germain is not a concept or a contribution, but marketing. Tonedeafyodler (talk) 20:19, 25 December 2018 (UTC)

 * Religious organizations based on a belief in Ascended Masters, such as The I AM Activity, The Bridge to Freedom, The Summit Lighthouse, The Temple of The Presence, over the last 73 years, totaling millions of members world-wide:

 * (1) Partridge, Christopher ed. New Religions: A Guide: New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities Oxford University Press, USA 2004. pages 330 - 334

 * (2) Saint Germain Foundation. The History of the "I AM" Activity and Saint Germain Foundation. Schaumburg, Illinois: Saint Germain Press 2003

 * (3) Braden, Charles S. These Also Believe MacMillan Publishing Company 2000 pages 257 - 307    Arion (talk) 05:13, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Alright, I'm satisfied that he's notable. Fireplace (talk) 01:22, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

Inaccuracy of information or bias of information
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky in 1851 was contacted by the Master Morya, resulting in Theosophy which deals with many Ascended Masters and 1851 is many years before 1930 so Guy Ballard could not have been the original nucleus except within the "I Am" Activity Dr Ron Howe (talk) 18:15, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

The difference is that there are only a few Theosophical Masters (and the Theosophists call them the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom), but beginning in 1930, Guy Ballard began getting revelations from many additional what he called Ascended Masters and they included many additional ones not recognized by Theosophy. Also, Theosophy is technically not a religion, it is a metaphysical system and anyone of any religion can join. Whereas, I AM and the other Ascended Master Teachings religions are actual organized religions whose leaders claim to be able to get "dictations" from the Ascended Masters. They also have certain practices in common, like invoking while meditating the "violet flame". Keraunos (talk) 05:53, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Merging this with I Am Religious Activity Article
I'm thinking about this again. There's a lot of duplicated info here. How does one propose an official merger? --Bluejay Young (talk) 19:08, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

Glad this was not merged
Coming to the article in 2021 to get the birth and death dates of Guy Ballard, i checked into the Talk page and read the old discussions about a merge proposal. I am glad that the merge did not take place. I would have liked more biographical material on Mr. Ballard, not less, as would have resulted had the article been effaced by merging into the I Am Activity page.

I am not a follower of the I Am Activity or its offshoots by any means; my chief interest is in Charles Sindelar, the artist of the original "Voice of I Am" magazines and the conceptualist responsible for most of the I Am Activity art during Guy Ballard's lifetime. However, because i do write professionally about metaphysical subjects, i find individual Wikipedia bios quite useful for basic facts (birth, marriage, offspring, publications, death). This is true of many other figures of history, and it is with regret that i am so often disappointed by the skeptic / anti-religious / anti-metaphysical editors who delete perfectly good articles on notable people in the world of metaphysics, simply out of ignorance, claiming them to be non-notable, when in fact they are notable.

Back when i was a regular contributor to and promoter of Wikipedia, i saw many of my own bios of important people in the various metaphysical, magical, occult, and related fields deleted. Edit wars and claims of non-notability were used as weapons against documentation of an area of human social life that skeptic / anti-religious / anti-metaphysical editors did not want to see commemorated. I no longer even try to get such bios into Wikipedia. I had to start my own Media Wiki sites to get the basic bio information online.

I will be writing about Charles Sindelar and his influence on the visual conceptions of the Ascended Masters, but i am here to say that the fact that a Guy Ballard article remains here at all is actually quite remarkable. Long may it wave.

catherine yronwode, not logged in, Wikipedian since 2006 75.101.104.17 (talk) 18:26, 15 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guy Ballard


text:
Talk:Ad nauseam

October 2006
Is argumentum ad nauseam necessarialy the FALSE proof? If I argue something "ad nauseam" and it's true, is it no longer AAN?
 * If you're making an argumentum ad nauseam you are not proving your point, even if you happen to be right. "The sun rises every day, because the Pope says so" is a logical fallacy known as proof by authority. That the conclusion is true doesn't mean the argument is valid.
 * I've made a few changes to the article, and moved a lot of text to Proof by assertion where it was more appropriate. Argumentum ad nauseam is just a very specific form of proof by assertion. Furthermore I've tried to clear up that the phrase 'ad nauseam' has meaning aside from the discussion technique. 130.89.167.52 12:39, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

The example provided is extremely unnecessary, and really unbalanced, IMO...

---

The example given seems to be a gratuitous attempt to mention Rush Limbaugh on the same page as Joseph Goebbels.

In any case, Limbaugh commits many varied fallacies, and without a more specific example of "ad nauseum", this example does nothing to illuminate the topic.

Limbaugh is rather well-known for his use of persuasion techniques. I'd rather see Limbaugh mentioned than Goebbels to get across the idea that this fallacy is commonly used to persuade.

 * I think Goebbels provides a more striking example. Lots of people, especially younger ones, don't follow politics and are unaware of Rush Limbaugh's techniques, but everybody is aware of Nazi propaganda and its effectiveness. The horrible result of it also demonstrates how dangerous an argument ad nauseam can be, something that an example with Rush Limbaugh doesn't illustrate nearly as well. - furrykef (Talk at me) 23:08, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm for more contemporary examples, like:"I'll probably say it three more times. See, in my line of work you got to keep repeating things over and over and over again for the truth to sink in, to kind of catapult the propaganda. - GW Bush"(Ronz 01:31, 11 May 2006 (UTC))

 * I am sure that most people will agree that the comments from many contemporary political figures have the ability to cause nausea. The problem is that there is no universal agreement on which comments or political figures possess this ability.  As a result, we are better off sticking to historical examples where a greater level of agreement may be obtained. --Allen3 talk 10:48, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

---

The 'Quotation needed' tag on the first line seems unnecessary and drive-by-ish. To verify what? 'Ad' -> to, 'nausea' -> nausea. Removing unless anyone can clarify. Shamalamadingdomg (talk) 11:45, 14 March 2017 (UTC)

It's "ad nauseatum"!
Sorry to break it to you, but there's no such thing in Latin as "ad nauseam", it's "ad nauseatum". I have a Bachelor's in Latin. Please, would someone correct or delete this erroneous entry? Or redirect it to a proper "ad nauseatum" page? The internet is filled with this wrong entry, probably an American fallacy, but why at Wikipedia? Come on, fix this once and for all, won't you?— Preceding unsigned comment added by 57.79.219.250 (talk) 09:16, 16 June 2018 (UTC)

Goebbels
Goebbels (repeating Hitler) said that a lie would be believed if it was big enough; Lenin said "a lie told often enough becomes the truth". It seems to me that the correct authority here is Lenin, not Goebbels, and I have amended accordingly. Interesting aside: the attribution of the repeated lie to Goebbels is itself a form of argumentum ad nauseam, in that it has by now been repeated sufficiently often as to be firmly fixed in the public mind :-) -- Just zis Guy, you know? 10:51, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

 * As it got removed I added it back as I think its a good popular example of the same (or at least similar) concept, but pre-empted the people removing it thinking it was definitely Goebbels that said it. Would like to find a primary source that confirms things one way or the other to refer to, but there are so many hits in google finding a good one would be a chore (particularly as the original quote might well have been slightly different, and contains lots of common words that are hard to find unique matches on). -- Sfnhltb 01:35, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Minor Adjustment
I made an addition to this article as it seemed (to me anyways) that it may lead some people to conclude that the user of this fallacy intentionally promotes a lie, this is not always true. Let me give an example: Logically a religious person may continually state that Lazzarus rose from the dead after 6 days because the Bible states it even though a logical argument could be constructed against the plausibility of this from a medical standpoint. This does not mean the user does not believe his/her statement to be true. Quadzilla99 04:42, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

What about the other way around?
What if someone makes a valid point, but it is ignored because that point is made over and over again. Would that still count? Asmeurer ( talk   ♬  contribs ) 22:49, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

Difference from Proof by assertion?
As nauseam (fallacy section) seems to be the same as proof by assertion (repeat argument until success). Opinions whether the section should merge with the other article and other organizational arrangements? K61824 (talk) 23:43, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

The book
http://idiolect.org.uk/notes/?p=935 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.86.21.66 (talk) 04:39, 14 December 2009 (UTC)

Specifically about a discussion/argument?
Can ad nauseam only apply to arguments, or could a joke be repeated ad nauseam? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.233.131.65 (talk) 19:48, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

Pop culture references: A plug???
I see in the popular culture references the following:

"Ad Nauseam is the title of the second full-length album by UK Death Metal band The Rotted, released 31st October 2010 on Candlelight Records."

This reads to me like a plug for some unknown band. My understanding of Wikipedia's "popular culture" references is that they should be relevant and culturally significant. A relatively recent release by an unknown death metal band on a label nobody's heard of does not sound culturally significant: it sounds like an attempt to sell more records.

Granted that I'm not hip with the death metal scene, but seriously... this does not pass the smell test, IMHO. I recommend deletion of the passage in question... but we could always discuss the issue ad nauseam, if you prefer. 71.197.152.48 (talk) 21:44, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

Italics?
Is the phrase always set in italics? Why or why not? If it is supposed to be in italics, why isn't that done consistently through the article? --Lbeaumont (talk) 02:16, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

Dictionary
This article seems like a dictionary page. Jwood (leave me a message) See what I'm up to 22:17, 18 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ad nauseam


text: Category:Astronomy books

title: Category:Astronomy books


text:
Talk:List of storms named Arlene

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Tropical Storm Abby which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 20:02, 13 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of storms named Arlene


text:
UIO (disambiguation)

UIO may refer to:

 * University of Oslo
 * Mariscal Sucre International Airport, in Quito, Ecuador
 * Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport, which was replaced by the above

title: UIO (disambiguation)