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Impeachment of Bill Clinton

Bill Clinton, the 42nd president of the United States, was impeached by the United States House of Representatives of the 105th United States Congress on December 19, 1998, for "high crimes and misdemeanors". The House adopted two articles of impeachment against Clinton, with the specific charges against Clinton being lying under oath and obstruction of justice. Two other articles had been considered but were rejected by the House vote.

Clinton's impeachment came after a formal House inquiry, which had been launched on October 8, 1998. The charges for which Clinton was impeached stemmed from a sexual harassment lawsuit filed against Clinton by Paula Jones. During pre-trial discovery in the lawsuit, Clinton gave testimony denying that he had engaged in a sexual relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. The catalyst for the president's impeachment was the Starr Report, a September 1998 report prepared by Ken Starr, Independent Counsel, for the House Judiciary Committee. The Starr Report included details outlining a sexual relationship between Clinton and Lewinsky Clinton was the second American president to be impeached, the first being Andrew Johnson, who was impeached in 1868.

The approved articles of impeachment would be submitted to the United States Senate on January 7, 1999. A trial in the Senate then began, with Chief Justice William Rehnquist presiding. On February 12, Clinton was acquitted on both counts as neither received the necessary two-thirds majority vote of the senators present for conviction and removal from office—in this instance 67 votes were needed. On Article One, 45 senators voted to convict while 55 voted for acquittal. On Article Two, 50 senators voted to convict while 50 voted for acquittal. Clinton remained in office for the remainder of his second term.

Background
In 1994, Paula Jones filed a lawsuit accusing Clinton of sexual harassment when he was governor of Arkansas. Clinton attempted to delay a trial until after he left office, but in May 1997 the Supreme Court unanimously rejected Clinton's claim that the Constitution immunized him from civil lawsuits, and shortly thereafter the pre-trial discovery process commenced.

Separate from this, in January 1994, Attorney General Janet Reno appointed Robert B. Fiske as an Independent counsel to investigate the Whitewater controversy. In August of that year, Ken Starr was appointed to replace Fiske in this role.

In 1997, the first effort in Congress to start an impeachment against Clinton was launched by Republican Congressman Bob Barr.

In a January 17, 1998, sworn deposition, Clinton denied having a "sexual relationship", "sexual affair", or "sexual relations" with Lewinsky. His lawyer, Robert S. Bennett, stated with Clinton present that Lewinsky's affidavit showed there was no sex in any manner, shape or form between Clinton and Lewinsky. The Starr Report states that the following day, Clinton "coached" his secretary Betty Currie into repeating his denials should she be called to testify.

After rumors of the scandal reached the news, Clinton publicly said, "I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky." But months later, Clinton admitted his relationship with Lewinsky was "wrong" and "not appropriate". Lewinsky engaged in oral sex with Clinton several times.

The judge in the Jones case later ruled the Lewinsky matter immaterial, and threw out the case in April 1998 on the grounds that Jones had failed to show any damages. After Jones appealed, Clinton agreed in November 1998 to settle the case for $850,000 while still admitting no wrongdoing.

The Starr Report was released to Congress on September 9, 1998, and to the public on September 11. In the report, Starr argued that there were eleven possible grounds for impeachment of Clinton, including perjury, obstruction of justice, witness tampering, and abuse of power. The report also detailed explicit and graphic details of the sexual relationship between Clinton and Lewinsky.

Independent counsel investigation
The charges arose from an investigation by Ken Starr, an Independent Counsel. With the approval of United States Attorney General Janet Reno, Starr conducted a wide-ranging investigation of alleged abuses, including the Whitewater controversy, the firing of White House travel agents, and the alleged misuse of FBI files. On January 12, 1998, Linda Tripp, who had been working with Jones's lawyers, informed Starr that Lewinsky was preparing to commit perjury in the Jones case and had asked Tripp to do the same. She also said Clinton's friend Vernon Jordan was assisting Lewinsky. Based on the connection to Jordan, who was under scrutiny in the Whitewater probe, Starr obtained approval from Reno to expand his investigation into whether Lewinsky and others were breaking the law.

A much-quoted statement from Clinton's grand jury testimony showed him questioning the precise use of the word "is". Contending his statement that "there's nothing going on between us" had been truthful because he had no ongoing relationship with Lewinsky at the time he was questioned, Clinton said, "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is' is. If the—if he—if 'is' means is and never has been, that is not—that is one thing. If it means there is none, that was a completely true statement." Starr obtained further evidence of inappropriate behavior by seizing the computer hard drive and email records of Monica Lewinsky. Based on the president's conflicting testimony, Starr concluded that Clinton had committed perjury. Starr submitted his findings to Congress in a lengthy document, the Starr Report, which was released to the public via the Internet a few days later and included descriptions of encounters between Clinton and Lewinsky. Starr was criticized by Democrats for spending $70 million on the investigation. Critics of Starr also contend that his investigation was highly politicized because it regularly leaked tidbits of information to the press in violation of legal ethics, and because his report included lengthy descriptions which were humiliating and irrelevant to the legal case.

Impeachment inquiry by the House Committee on the Judiciary
On October 8, 1998, the United States House of Representatives voted to authorize a broad impeachment inquiry, thereby initiating the impeachment process. The Republican controlled House of Representatives had decided this with a bipartisan vote of 258–176, with 31 Democrats joining Republicans. Since Ken Starr had already completed an extensive investigation, the House Judiciary Committee conducted no investigations of its own into Clinton's alleged wrongdoing and held no serious impeachment-related hearings before the 1998 midterm elections. Impeachment was one of the major issues in those elections.

In the November 1998 House elections, the Democrats picked up five seats in the House, but the Republicans still maintained majority control. The results went against what House Speaker Newt Gingrich predicted, who, before the election, had been reassured by private polling that Clinton's scandal would result in Republican gains of up to thirty House seats. Shortly after the elections, Gingrich, who had been one of the leading advocates for impeachment, announced he would resign from Congress as soon as he was able to find somebody to fill his vacant seat; Gingrich fulfilled this pledge, and officially resigned from Congress on January 3, 1999.

Impeachment proceedings were held during the post-election, "lame duck" session of the outgoing 105th United States Congress. Unlike the case of the 1974 impeachment process against Richard Nixon, the committee hearings were perfunctory but the floor debate in the whole House was spirited on both sides. The Speaker-designate, Representative Bob Livingston, chosen by the Republican Party Conference to replace Gingrich as House Speaker, announced the end of his candidacy for Speaker and his resignation from Congress from the floor of the House after his own marital infidelity came to light. In the same speech, Livingston also encouraged Clinton to resign. Clinton chose to remain in office and urged Livingston to reconsider his resignation. Many other prominent Republican members of Congress (including Dan Burton, Helen Chenoweth, and Henry Hyde, the chief House manager of Clinton's trial in the Senate) had infidelities exposed about this time, all of whom voted for impeachment. Publisher Larry Flynt offered a reward for such information, and many supporters of Clinton accused Republicans of hypocrisy.

Impeachment by House of Representatives

On December 11, 1998, the House Judiciary Committee agreed to send four articles of impeachment to the full House for consideration. The vote on two articles, grand jury perjury and obstruction of justice, was 21–17, both along party lines. On the other, perjury in the Paula Jones case, the committee voted 20–18, with Republican Lindsey Graham joining with Democrats, in order to give President Clinton "the legal benefit of the doubt". The next day, December 12, the committee agreed to send a fourth and final article, for abuse of power, to the full House by a 21–17 vote, again, along party lines.

Although proceedings were delayed due to the bombing of Iraq, on the passage of H. Res. 611, Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives on December 19, 1998, on grounds of perjury to a grand jury (first article, 228–206) and obstruction of justice (third article, 221–212). The two other articles were rejected, the count of perjury in the Jones case (second article, 205–229) and abuse of power (fourth article, 148–285). Clinton thus became the second U.S. president to be impeached; the first, Andrew Johnson, was impeached in 1868. The only other previous U.S. president to be the subject of formal House impeachment proceedings was Richard Nixon in 1973–74. The Judiciary Committee agreed to a resolution containing three articles of impeachment in July 1974, but Nixon resigned from office soon thereafter, before the House took up the resolution.

Five Democrats (Virgil Goode, Ralph Hall, Paul McHale, Charles Stenholm and Gene Taylor) voted for the first three articles of impeachment, but only Taylor voted for the abuse of power charge. Five Republicans (Amo Houghton, Peter King, Connie Morella, Chris Shays and Mark Souder) voted against the first perjury charge. Eight more Republicans (Sherwood Boehlert, Michael Castle, Phil English, Nancy Johnson, Jay Kim, Jim Leach, John McHugh and Ralph Regula), but not Souder, voted against the obstruction charge. Twenty-eight Republicans voted against the second perjury charge, sending it to defeat, and eighty-one voted against the abuse of power charge.

Articles referred to Senate
Article I, charging Clinton with perjury, alleged in part that:

"On August 17, 1998, William Jefferson Clinton swore to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth before a federal grand jury of the United States. Contrary to that oath, William Jefferson Clinton willfully provided perjurious, false and misleading testimony to the grand jury concerning one or more of the following:
 * 1) the nature and details of his relationship with a subordinate government employee;
 * 2) prior perjurious, false and misleading testimony he gave in a federal civil rights action brought against him;
 * 3) prior false and misleading statements he allowed his attorney to make to a federal judge in that civil rights action; and
 * 4) his corrupt efforts to influence the testimony of witnesses and to impede the discovery of evidence in that civil rights action."

Article II, charging Clinton with obstruction of justice alleged in part that:

"The means used to implement this course of conduct or scheme included one or more of the following acts:
 * 1) ...corruptly encouraged a witness in a Federal civil rights action brought against him to execute a sworn affidavit in that proceeding that he knew to be perjurious, false and misleading.
 * 2) ...corruptly encouraged a witness in a Federal civil rights action brought against him to give perjurious, false and misleading testimony if and when called to testify personally in that proceeding.
 * 3) ...corruptly engaged in, encouraged, or supported a scheme to conceal evidence that had been subpoenaed in a Federal civil rights action brought against him.
 * 4) ...intensified and succeeded in an effort to secure job assistance to a witness in a Federal civil rights action brought against him in order to corruptly prevent the truthful testimony of that witness in that proceeding at a time when the truthful testimony of that witness would have been harmful to him.
 * 5) ...at his deposition in a Federal civil rights action brought against him, William Jefferson Clinton corruptly allowed his attorney to make false and misleading statements to a Federal judge characterizing an affidavit, in order to prevent questioning deemed relevant by the judge. Such false and misleading statements were subsequently acknowledged by his attorney in a communication to that judge.
 * 6) ...related a false and misleading account of events relevant to a Federal civil rights action brought against him to a potential witness in that proceeding, in order to corruptly influence the testimony of that witness.
 * 7) ...made false and misleading statements to potential witnesses in a Federal grand jury proceeding in order to corruptly influence the testimony of those witnesses. The false and misleading statements made by William Jefferson Clinton were repeated by the witnesses to the grand jury, causing the grand jury to receive false and misleading information."

Preparation
Between December 20 and January 5, Republican and Democratic Senate leaders negotiated about the pending trial. There was some discussion about the possibility of censuring Clinton instead of holding a trial. Disagreement arose as to whether to call witnesses. This decision would ultimately not be made until after the opening arguments from the House impeachment managers and the White House defense team. On January 5, the Republican Majority Leader Trent Lott, announced that the trial would start on January 7.

Officers
Thirteen House Republicans from the Judiciary Committee served as "managers", the equivalent of prosecutors: Henry Hyde (chairman), Jim Sensenbrenner, Bill McCollum, George Gekas, Charles Canady, Steve Buyer, Ed Bryant, Steve Chabot, Bob Barr, Asa Hutchinson, Chris Cannon, James E. Rogan and Lindsey Graham.

Clinton was defended by Cheryl Mills. Clinton's counsel staff included Charles Ruff, David E. Kendall, Dale Bumpers, Bruce Lindsey, Nicole Seligman, Lanny A. Breuer and Gregory B. Craig.

Process and schedule
The Senate trial began on January 7, 1999, with Chief Justice of the United States William Rehnquist presiding. The first day consisted of formal presentation of the charges against Clinton, and of Rehnquist swearing in all senators.

A resolution on rules and procedure for the trial was adopted unanimously on the following day; however, senators tabled the question of whether to call witnesses in the trial. The trial remained in recess while briefs were filed by the House (January 11) and Clinton (January 13).

The managers presented their case over three days, from January 14 to 16, arguing for removal of the President from office by virtue of what they characterized as Clinton's "willful, premeditated, deliberate corruption of the nation's system of justice through perjury and obstruction of justice". The defense presentation took place January 19–21. Clinton's defense counsel argued that the case made against Clinton was, "an unsubstantiated, circumstantial case that does not meet the constitutional standard to remove the President from office". January 22 and 23 were devoted to questions from members of the Senate to the House managers and Clinton's defense counsel. Under the rules, all questions (over 150) were to be written down and given to Rehnquist to read to the party being questioned.

On January 25, Senator Robert Byrd moved for dismissals of both articles of impeachment. On the following day, Representative Bryant moved to call witnesses to the trial, a question the Senate had scrupulously avoided to that point. In both cases, the Senate voted to deliberate on the question in private session, rather than public, televised procedure. On January 27, the Senate voted on both motions in public session; the motion to dismiss failed on a nearly party line vote of 56–44, while the motion to depose witnesses passed by the same margin. A day later, the Senate voted down motions to move directly to a vote on the articles of impeachment and to suppress videotaped depositions of the witnesses from public release, Senator Russ Feingold again voting with the Republicans.

Over three days, February 1–3, House managers took videotaped closed-door depositions from Monica Lewinsky, Clinton's friend Vernon Jordan, and White House aide Sidney Blumenthal. On February 4, however, the Senate voted 70–30 that excerpting these videotapes would suffice as testimony, rather than calling live witnesses to appear at trial. The videos were played in the Senate on February 6, featuring 30 excerpts of Lewinsky discussing her affidavit in the Paula Jones case, the hiding of small gifts Clinton had given her, and his involvement in procurement of a job for Lewinsky.

On February 8, closing arguments were presented with each side allotted a three-hour time slot. On the President's behalf, White House Counsel Charles Ruff declared: "There is only one question before you, albeit a difficult one, one that is a question of fact and law and constitutional theory. Would it put at risk the liberties of the people to retain the President in office? Putting aside partisan animus, if you can honestly say that it would not, that those liberties are safe in his hands, then you must vote to acquit."

Chief Prosecutor Henry Hyde countered: "A failure to convict will make the statement that lying under oath, while unpleasant and to be avoided, is not all that serious... We have reduced lying under oath to a breach of etiquette, but only if you are the President... And now let us all take our place in history on the side of honor, and, oh, yes, let right be done."

Acquittal
On February 9, 1999, after voting against a public deliberation on the verdict, the Senate began closed-door deliberations instead. On February 12, 1999, the Senate emerged from its closed deliberations and voted on the articles of impeachment. A two-thirds vote, equal to 67 votes if all Senators voted, would have been necessary to convict on either charge and remove the President from office. The perjury charge was defeated with 45 votes for conviction and 55 against, and the obstruction of justice charge was defeated with 50 for conviction and 50 against. Senator Arlen Specter voted "not proved" for both charges, which was considered by Chief Justice Rehnquist to constitute a vote of "not guilty". All 45 Democrats in the Senate voted "not guilty" on both charges, as did five Republicans; they were joined by five additional Republicans in voting "not guilty" on the perjury charge.

Contempt of court citation
In April 1999, about two months after being acquitted by the Senate, Clinton was cited by federal District Judge Susan Webber Wright for civil contempt of court for his "willful failure" to obey her orders to testify truthfully in the Paula Jones sexual harassment lawsuit. For this, Clinton was assessed a $90,000 fine and the matter was referred to the Arkansas Supreme Court to see if disciplinary action would be appropriate.

Regarding Clinton's January 17, 1998, deposition where he was placed under oath, Webber Wright wrote: "Simply put, the president's deposition testimony regarding whether he had ever been alone with Ms. (Monica) Lewinsky was intentionally false, and his statements regarding whether he had ever engaged in sexual relations with Ms. Lewinsky likewise were intentionally false."

On the day before leaving office on January 20, 2001, Clinton, in what amounted to a plea bargain, agreed to a five-year suspension of his Arkansas law license and to pay a $25,000 fine as part of an agreement with independent counsel Robert Ray to end the investigation without the filing of any criminal charges for perjury or obstruction of justice. On October 1, 2001, Clinton was accordingly suspended from the practice of law in the United States Supreme Court who also issued an order to show cause in 40 days "why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court." Clinton resigned from the Supreme Court bar during the show-cause period, and the Supreme Court accordingly ordered his name "stricken from the roll of attorneys admitted to the practice of law before this Court."

Civil settlement with Paula Jones
Eventually, the court dismissed the Paula Jones harassment lawsuit, before trial, on the grounds that Jones failed to demonstrate any damages. However, while the dismissal was on appeal, Clinton entered into an out-of-court settlement by agreeing to pay Jones $850,000.

Political ramifications

Polls conducted during 1998 and early 1999 showed that only about one-third of Americans supported Clinton's impeachment or conviction. However, one year later, when it was clear that impeachment would not lead to the ousting of the President, half of Americans said in a CNN/USA Today/Gallup poll that they supported impeachment, 57% approved of the Senate's decision to keep him in office, and two-thirds of those polled said the impeachment was harmful to the country.

While Clinton's job approval rating rose during the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal and subsequent impeachment, his poll numbers with regard to questions of honesty, integrity and moral character declined. As a result, "moral character" and "honesty" weighed heavily in the next presidential election. According to The Daily Princetonian, after the 2000 presidential election, "post-election polls found that, in the wake of Clinton-era scandals, the single most significant reason people voted for Bush was for his moral character." According to an analysis of the election by Stanford University: "A more political explanation is the belief in Gore campaign circles that disapproval of President Clinton's personal behavior was a serious threat to the vice president's prospects. Going into the election the one negative element in the public's perception of the state of the nation was the belief that the country was morally on the wrong track, whatever the state of the economy or world affairs. According to some insiders, anything done to raise the association between Gore and Clinton would have produced a net loss of support—the impact of Clinton's personal negatives would outweigh the positive impact of his job performance on support for Gore. Thus, hypothesis four suggests that a previously unexamined variable played a major role in 2000—the retiring president's personal approval."

The Stanford analysis, however, presented different theories and mainly argued that Gore had lost because he decided to distance himself from Clinton during the campaign. The writers of it concluded: "We find that Gore's oft-criticized personality was not a cause of his under-performance. Rather, the major cause was his failure to receive a historically normal amount of credit for the performance of the Clinton administration... [and] failure to get normal credit reflected Gore's peculiar campaign which in turn reflected fear of association with Clinton's behavior."

According to the America's Future Foundation: "In the wake of the Clinton scandals, independents warmed to Bush's promise to 'restore honor and dignity to the White House'. According to Voter News Service, the personal quality that mattered most to voters was 'honesty'. Voters who chose 'honesty' preferred Bush over Gore by over a margin of five to one. Forty four percent of Americans said the Clinton scandals were important to their vote. Of these, Bush reeled in three out of every four."

Political commentators have argued that Gore's refusal to have Clinton campaign with him was a bigger liability to Gore than Clinton's scandals. The 2000 U.S. Congressional election also saw the Democrats gain more seats in Congress. As a result of this gain, control of the Senate was split 50–50 between both parties, and Democrats would gain control over the Senate after Republican Senator Jim Jeffords defected from his party in early 2001 and agreed to caucus with the Democrats.

Al Gore reportedly confronted Clinton after the election, and "tried to explain that keeping Clinton under wraps [during the campaign] was a rational response to polls showing swing voters were still mad as hell over the Year of Monica". According to the AP, "during the one-on-one meeting at the White House, which lasted more than an hour, Gore used uncommonly blunt language to tell Clinton that his sex scandal and low personal approval ratings were a hurdle he could not surmount in his campaign... [with] the core of the dispute was Clinton's lies to Gore and the nation about his affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky." Clinton, however, was unconvinced by Gore's argument and insisted to Gore that he would have won the election if he had embraced the administration and its good economic record.

Partial retraction from Starr
In January 2020, while testifying as a defense lawyer for U.S. President Donald Trump during his first Senate impeachment trial, Starr himself would retract some of the allegations he made to justify Clinton's impeachment. Slate journalist Jeremy Stahl pointed out that as he was urging the Senate not to remove Trump as president, Starr contradicted various arguments he used in 1998 to justify Clinton's impeachment. In defending Trump, Starr also claimed he was wrong to have called for impeachment against Clinton for abuse of executive privilege and efforts to obstruct Congress, and stated that the House Judiciary Committee was right in 1998 to have rejected one of the planks for impeachment he had advocated for. He also invoked a 1999 Hofstra Law Review article by Yale law professor Akhil Amar, who argued that the Clinton impeachment proved just how impeachment and removal causes "grave disruption" to a national election.

title: Impeachment of Bill Clinton


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Habibullah (Bagram detainee)

Mullah Habibullah was an Afghan who died on December 4, 2002 while in US custody at the Bagram Collection Point, a US military detention center in Afghanistan. His death was one of those classed as a homicide, though the initial military statement described his death as due to natural causes.

Habibullah's brother was a Taliban leader. Carlotta Gall, The New York Times reporter in Afghanistan, was the first to discover the story in 2003. Captain Carolyn Wood, commander of Alpha Company of the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion, and Captain Christopher Beiring, commander of the 377th Military Police Company, directed their troops at the Bagram Collection Point to confine their captives with their arms handcuffed above their heads in order to deprive them of sleep. Lt. Gen. Daniel K. McNeill was later quoted in the press denying that Bagram prisoners had been chained to the ceiling or held in chains attached to the ceiling. Their troops routinely kneed their captives in the side of their thighs. They called these "compliance blows". During a Criminal Investigation Division inquiry their troops claimed they had been told—incorrectly—that this kind of blow was a legal, authorized use of force.

Causes of death
Habibullah's autopsy was performed two days after his death, and classed his death as a homicide. Dr. Ingwerson said the cause of death was "Pulmonary embolism due to blunt force injury to the legs." But this did not prevent the GIs staffing the prison from continuing to use these "compliance blows", and a second Afghan, Dilawar, died four days later, on December 10, 2002, under practically identical circumstances. Dr. Elizabeth Rouse, the coroner for Dilawar, said she had seen similar damage to a man whose legs had been run over by a bus.

Prosecutions
By 2005, at least 15 American soldiers had been recommended for prosecution by Army investigators for abuse of detainees at Bagram. At least five of the soldiers were charged with crimes involving Habibullah's treatment. Captain Christopher Beiring was charged with dereliction of duty and making false statements; the charges were dropped, but he was reprimanded. Sgt. Christopher Greatorex was tried on charges of abuse, maltreatment, and making false statements; he was acquitted on September 7, 2005. Sgt. Darin Broady was tried on charges of abuse and acquitted on September 9, 2005. Specialist Brian Cammack pleaded guilty to charges of assault and making false statements; he was sentenced to three months in jail, a fine, reduced in rank to private, and given a bad conduct discharge. Pfc. Willie Brand was convicted of other charges, but acquitted of charges relating to abuse of Habibullah.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Habibullah (Bagram detainee)


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User:Alterego/Width justification example

 * If we do not have a reliable source, should we be reporting it in the first place? |Wikipedia is not the place for original research such as "new" theories. --Alterego 19:49, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text: User talk:68.45.90.7

title: User talk:68.45.90.7


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Talk:Malik

Miscellaneous
The reference to yugioh really adds clarity to the whole article, keep up the good work Wikipedia —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.208.202.214 (talk) 00:35, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

Malik is Last name of Nadeem

Nadeem Malik Born in Karachi, Pakistan April 1970 Imigraded to Ontario, Canada in 1990

is this the entry for Malik {king} or Maalik {owner}?

I've seen some literature that mentions that the gaurdian of hellfire is named "Maalik" but it's not mentioned in the Quran HussaynKhariq 19:48, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I've added the information and references on the angel Malik within The Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Ones by Gustav Davidson. Jordan Yang 16:53, 10 Aug 2005 (UTC)

Whooo thank you so much everyone that has helped on this article, My Arabic name is Malik because im 1/4 sudanise and I never knew anything about it asin how to write it in arabic and the meaning =D

Good catch
Thanks Hussayn,

I was trying to verify the two paras you deleted...somebody's ugly graffito

Arabic form: الملك or ملك
I may easily be mistaken, but shouldn't the Arabic form given in parentheses be simply "ملك", without the definite article (-ال)? When so prefixed, as the article itself indicates, it refers exclusively to God ("the King"), not the more general, "human" concept. Or at least that's my understanding. Keldan 09:13, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Oriental Languages ?
The description of Malik states:
 *  Malik is a word that means "king" in Arabic, also adopted in various other oriental languages, also in derived meanings.

It should be clarified. Any suggestions ?

Siddiqui 14:29, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Additional meaning
I just wanted to mention that "Malik" also has a meaning in greenlandic. It means "wave" (in liquid, normally in the sea) and it can also be used as a name (it's acctually my name:O)

Malik, 10 Maj 2006

Malik is also a popular surname in Slovakia. It is my maiden name. The pronunciation has been Americanized from "Mah-lek" to MAL-ik. In the 1960-1980s though it was leaning towards turning into MAY-lik. Thankfully that seems to have stopped. Now most Maliks are known as "Mah-LEEK" instead. Which is interesting if you're blonde and blue-eyed like myself.

adoption of a name
i hate how people change their last name to malik it makes my family history research harder to find

Merge Melik?
I suggest to merge this article with Melik, as it is about the same title. In Caucasus it belonged to minor feudals, both Muslim and Christian. Grandmaster 14:53, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Seems like a good idea to me. — Malik Shabazz | Talk 00:19, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Support, provided the small page Melik is merged into the larger Malik Arcarius 05:54, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, I suggest to merge that article into this one. Grandmaster 05:38, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

Melik may be merged into Malik, not the other way
Melik may be merged with Malik, finally leaving only Malik. The Russian usage of Melik may also be accomodated with Malik --  Altruism  To talk  10:02, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's what I propose. Grandmaster 10:21, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Why Melik should not be merged with Malik
These are two very different topics, other than the etymology of Melik, there are no other connections, none whatsoever with Malik. Melik is a very expandable topic, moreso than Malik. Look at the following results returned from Google Books:. Melik with an "e" refers to the Turkish and other Turkic usage of the name for a person, meaning "king" or "ruler"; it can also refer to the Armenian Meliks in history on google books and academic peer reviewed works which has a completely different meaning than Malik with an "a."--  Ευπάτωρ   Talk!! 18:47, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Could you please explain how Melik — "prince" — "has a completely different meaning" than Malik — "king." I've seen the discussion at Talk:Melik, but I can't read a significant portion of the explanation because I don't understand the language it's written in.

 * It seems to me, as a non-Arab and a non-Armenian whose only interest here is merging articles if doing so is appropriate, that Melik is a derivative of Malik (as Melik says), and the title developed in the Armenian context differently than the concept of Malik did elsewhere. If that's the case, I don't understand why the two articles couldn't be merged. Malik already describes the use of Malik for kings, tribal leaders (in Pakistan), chiefs (in Persia), aristocrats (in the Punjab), heads of prominent households (in Georgia), and military leaders (as well as its use as "Melik" in Armenia and colonial India) — all examples of how the concept of Malik developed differently in different contexts. It seems to me that the Armenian Malek is just another example, not a unique case, but maybe you can explain why I'm wrong. — Malik Shabazz | Talk 20:07, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * First off you don't have to tell me why you're participating here, that doesn't matter. I must thank Grandmaster again for spreading the conflict in other unrelated pages. Dear Malik, the reason why I created the article Melik was because I have found books about the Armenian Meliks and under such circumstances I qualified the subject very expendable. If you think that a better title should be used like Armenian Meliks instead of Melik I don't mind changing it, even though ALL google book hits for “Melik” return results related to the Armenian Meliks and not some other nonexistant and elusive muslim meliks, and after finding those results I have concluded that the article was even more expandable. There are no particular policies or guidelines in regards to merging of an article, so this should solely be based on the expendability potential of the article. I think I have demonstrated that it can be expanded greatly thus it should not be merged to an article based on the etymology of the title. I also believe it's a unique case for many reasons, which can come to light if the article is given the chance to be expanded.--  Ευπάτωρ   Talk!! 16:17, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Malik or Melik was a title of a minor feudal lord in the Caucasus, and not only for Armenians. Muslims also had that title. I provided more than enough sources on that. It is the same word of Arabic origin that was used in different parts of Muslim world. Grandmaster 05:05, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * No it was not and you have done nothing of the sort since that's impossible.--  Ευπάτωρ   Talk!! 16:17, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * If there are "many reasons" why Melik is a unique case, please identify some of them. I'm not pushing for a merger, I'm just trying to understand why you feel so strongly that they shouldn't be merged. The fact that Melik can be expanded may be a good reason, so I would appreciate if you could elaborate on it.

 * For the record, here's what WP:MERGE, which isn't a policy or a guideline, says:

 * There are several good reasons to merge a page:
 * - There are two or more pages on exactly the same subject.
 * - There are two or more pages on related subjects that have a large overlap. Wikipedia is not a dictionary; there does not need to be a separate entry for every concept in the universe. For example, "Flammable" and "Non-flammable" can both be explained in an article on Flammability.
 * - If a page is very short and cannot or should not be expanded terribly much, it often makes sense to merge it with a page on a broader topic.
 * - If a short article requires the background material or context from a broader article in order for readers to understand it.

 * Obviously the two articles are not about the same exact subject, but some editors think they're related subjects that overlap. If there's a lot that can be said about Meliks to expand that article, as you suggest there is, that would certainly argue against merging the two, which is why I'd like you to elaborate a little. Thanks. — Malik Shabazz | Talk 17:16, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, but how about I spend the time on expanding the article instead of elaborating here? That should do it given the abundance of sources from google books alone. I'll work on it this evening.--  Ευπάτωρ   Talk!! 17:36, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. — Malik Shabazz | Talk 22:13, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Eupator, if you check the sources I provided on talk of Melik, you’ll see that the title was used not only by Armenians, but by Muslims as well. There were meliks of Bargushad and Aresh, for example, in the territory of present day Azerbaijan republic. Grandmaster 05:34, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Mamluk
Is the name of the Mamluk related? --84.20.17.84 14:34, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * they share the same root. both are from the root m-l-k, which indicates owning.  A malik is called so because (in concept) he owns the land, while mamluk literally means "one that is onwned" i.e., a slave.  The mamluks are called so because they where originally slaves. --Maha Odeh 12:34, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Jews in Arabic articles
I would like to request all Jews to stop adding non related information on this Malik article as well. This Malik article is based on Arabic and Mughal point of view in Malik.

This article is based on Arabic meaning of Malik. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

 * This is an article about a word. It's appropriate to mention other words that are related to the subject word, including Persian and Hebrew. — Malik Shabazz (talk · contribs) 00:15, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The IP address is clearly expressing a bias that interferes with their ability to be objective, evidenced by the assumption that editors who restore the deleted material are "Jews." Pairadox (talk) 00:20, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Tawûsê Melek
The Yazidi name for God's primary form, Tawûsê Melek, is not related to the word malik "king", but is rather a borrowing from another, similar-appearing but totally unrelated Arabic word, malak "messenger, angel". The Aramaic and Hebrew cognates are both mal'akh; the hamza was lost in Meccan Arabic and therefore the terms appear similar. However, it is a coincidence. He is the Peacock Angel, not "King Peacock". ناهد/(Nåhed) speak! 20:23, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Shanti bhai deletes one out of the only two verifiable content with citations on this article
On 17th Feb: I added the reference section to this article where there was none.

On 22nd January: I added the only verifiable content with citations on this article.

On 6 August user Shanti bhai  deletes the verifiable content I provided. Note it is still only one of the two verifiable contents in the entire article. He comments while deleting cited content Have replaced sentence, tidy up (if one tribe is mentioned, then all should be mentioned which would use up too much space for a singular point.

If this were not strange enough On 18th August: user Apostolos Margaritis   reintroduces  a spurious content and citation into the article, from the Multan Gazetteer of 1923  which provides page 139(Page 139 of this book does not mention Pakistan or this quote) and says  In Pakistan this surname is also used by wealthy landowners owners  But Pakistan did not exist in 1923.

Till 24th August Shanti bhai has no problem with a bogus citation.

Shanti bhai is introducing selective citation  requests on scores of articles and  deleting citations from other wikipedia articles. Why ?? Shanti bhai also seems to be using various sock puppets. Cheers Intothefire (talk) 17:52, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

Malik
In Inuit "Eksimo" Greenlandic, the word Malik means following: 1) Wave, the Wave 2) It also is used as a name, Though the meaning is still the same as 1) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.83.0.228 (talk) 16:28, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation?
Maalik or marlik? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.164.147.213 (talk) 22:19, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

Mention is made of Maluku islands as possibly relevant in the article...
Would it be appropriate to also mention Meluhha, Malay, Mel and Latin mal?Rich (talk) 11:38, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

no, because these words are completely unrelated. --dab (𒁳) 12:49, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

Deletion of cited content for unassigned reasons
Hi Dbachmann Please inform why you deleted a valid referenced quotations from a verifiable source, specially since you are an admin , and this content was directly related to this article and that it has been repeatedly vandle deleted by others as well. I would have expected that as an admin you would protect referenced content and not delete for unassigned reasons. By Dbachmann on 8th September2010 It is also used by Kukhran Khatris of India and Pakistan where there are Khatri families in Multan which are addressed as Malik or Raiszada. [Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24 published by Sang-E-Meel Publications and Page 139] Among Muhammadans the term Malik is applied to the chief men among the Khokhars, Vainses and some other clans Intothefire (talk) 11:53, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

Perhaps you explain what a verbatim quote from the "Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24" is doing in the "Malik" article? The article is aware that Malik means "tribal chieftain" in South Asia. It is unclear why we should want to name random tribes which have chieftains. See WP:DUE. --dab (𒁳) 14:37, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

 * The referenced content was added by me on on 22 January 2008 when the immediate preceding sentence stated The term Malik is used in Afghanistan and the tribal areas of Pakistan, especially among Pashtuns, for a tribal leader or a chieftain. Therefore the content added was corelated and germane .The tribes mentioned are SouthAsian and the article is about cheftians .Where is the question of WP:DUE .Further considering the  the version of the page then  WP:DUE was not applicable then either because of the associated content .Its another matter that the content I added then was the only referenced content at the time.
 * Now going back to my query to you regarding your deletion, In view of the above ,I would appreciate to know why you see only this information as random WP:DUE ,in the surfeit of  diverse content on the  page version when you deleted this but left the rest . I fail to see the evenhanded  rational of WP:DUE demonstrated then  Intothefire (talk) 17:45, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

this is an article about an Arabic term for "king". There are other articles you may be interested in:

--dab (𒁳) 12:54, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

---

The Arabic term came to be adopted as a term for "tribal chieftain" in in Afghanistan and the tribal areas of Pakistan, especially among Pashtuns, for a tribal leader or a chieftain. Maliks serve as de facto arbiters in local conflicts, interlocutors in state policy-making, tax-collectors, heads of village and town councils and delegates to provincial and national jirgas as well as to Parliament.

Among Tanoli Term Malik is applied to the chief of villages or notable personalities Nawab Khalli Maliks are the sons of Rais e Azam Nawab Khan. Malik is used by Khokhars and Khokhran, and refers to chiefs, In the Punjab, "Malik" was one of the titles used by local aristocrats, more formally known as Zamindars, under both the Mughals and the British, and to some degree still in present-day Pakistan. The title is given for large amount of ownership of land(landlords).

Like many prestigious titles, Malik or Malek is a common element in first and family names, usually without any aristocratic meaning. For example, Awan Malik is a large community in Pakistan with Arab heritage. Malik is used both as title and surname in Pakistan. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Muhammed Waqas Malik Awan (talk • contribs) 21:49, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Unintelligible sentence in lead
As per common sense I have removed the following sentence, which would appear to make no sense at all:
 * Just like Shah and Pahlavi titles used in India as well as Iran; the Malik titles signify common Indo-Iranian languages in India and Iran.

What is meant here? I don't have a clue, and I welcome any improvement.

Accusativen hos Olsson (talk) 20:57, 29 April 2011 (UTC)

MALIK
my name Ghulam Yasin S/O Karim Bux BYE CATE MALIK KARIM BUX S/O ALLAH JEWAYO(PAHLWAN KHAN) S/O GHULAM HYHER S/O MUHAMMAD YOUSIF IN VILAGE DISTT:KASHMORE@KANDH KOT HAMMID KHAN MALIK(THORE BAND) AND GHARHE TEGHO DISTT:SHEIKARPUR. OMLY ME I AM DISTT PRESIDENT AWAMI NATIONAL PARTY(ANP) KASHMORE AND SELECET ME ANP SINDH IN ELECTION2013. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.160.119.226 (talk) 16:41, 6 December 2014 (UTC)

Malik
Malik is one of the largest clan of jat. Malik is found in all religions hindu Muslim sikh. They are landlord and landowner. 223.189.18.17 (talk) 19:34, 26 January 2023 (UTC)
 * And your WP:Reliable sources for those claims are? - Arjayay (talk) 19:59, 26 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Malik


text:
Orange Twin Field Works: Volume I

Orange Twin Field Works: Volume I or Bulgarian Field Recordings Vol. 1 is a collection of field recordings of Bulgarian folk music released by Jeff Mangum, of Neutral Milk Hotel. The album contains one track, a little over a half-hour of different segments from a single instance of the Koprivshtitsa festival.

Track listing

 * 1) "Field Works" – 33:46

title: Orange Twin Field Works: Volume I


text:
Talk:Archbishop of Birmingham

Thomas Walsh
The Thomas Walsh to which the list of office-holders links is probably not the same one as in this list - unless he managed to live until the 1950s! What's the procedure for correcting links that aren't going to the right place - edit the linked page to say "someone of this name was Archbishop of Birmingham" or to change the link to something like "Bishop Thomas Walsh"? Harris 19:50, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * After somethought, have fixed the links to be to Thomas Walsh (Bishop), and added a disambiguation note on Thomas Walsh. Harris 17:14, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Archbishop of Birmingham


text:
ModPlug

ModPlug is the name for the series of computer software for creating and playing module files, originally developed by Olivier Lapicque.
 * ModPlug Player, a module player developed in conjunction with the original ModPlug Tracker project and the original ModPlug browser plugin
 * ModPlug Tracker, now known as OpenMPT
 * LibModplug (decoding engine) public domain software for the open source multimedia framework GStreamer

title: ModPlug


text:
1966 in rail transport

January events

 * January – GM introduces the EMD SD40.
 * January – GE introduces the GE U28B.
 * January 3 – British Rail begins full electric passenger services over the West Coast Main Line from Euston to Manchester and Liverpool with 100 mph (160 km/h) operation from London to Rugby. Services officially inaugurated April 18.

March events

 * March 7 – The Western Region of British Railways closes the former Somerset & Dorset Joint Railway.
 * March 25 – Hachinohe Rinkai Railway Line was opened.

April events

 * April 20 – The second segment, between Predeal and Câmpina, of Căile Ferate Române's (in Romania) electrification is completed.

May events

 * May 28 - Historic Red Clay Valley Incorporated begins operating steam tourist trains on the 10.2-mile Landenberg Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The tracks were constructed in 1871-2 by the Wilmington & Western Railroad. The operation is the 7th oldest standard gauge tourist heritage railroad operating in the US.

July events

 * 15 July – The London Midland Region of British Railways allows West Indian-born Asquith Xavier to transfer as a guard from London Marylebone to Euston, overturning the opposition of National Union of Railwaymen members of the local staff committee.
 * July 17 – The first passenger operations begin at the Illinois Railway Museum using car number 415.

September events

 * September 3 – The London Midland Region of British Railways closes the former Great Central Railway London Extension to passenger traffic between Aylesbury and Rugby Central, bringing an end to its career as "the last main line".

October events

 * October 14 – Montreal Metro inaugurated.

December events

 * December – GE introduces the GE U30B.

Unknown date events

 * ALCO introduces the ALCO Century 415.
 * The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad removes from service and donates the General Pershing Zephyr power car to the National Museum of Transport in St Louis, Missouri.
 * Beyer, Peacock & Company of Manchester, England, turns out its last locomotives, British Rail Class 25/3 diesels.
 * Norris Roy Crump returns to the presidency of Canadian Pacific for a short period, succeeding Robert Emerson. Crump, in turn, is succeeded by Ian David Sinclair.

Unknown date deaths

 * Martin W. Clement, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad 1935–1948 (b. 1881).

title: 1966 in rail transport


text:
Executive Order 13224

Executive Order 13224 is an executive order issued by U.S. President George W. Bush on September 23, 2001, as a response to the attacks on September 11, 2001. It has been renewed every year since.

History
In general terms, the Order provides a means by which to disrupt the financial support network for terrorists and terrorist organizations by authorizing the U.S. Department of State, in consultation with the U.S. Departments of the Treasury and Justice, to designate and block the assets of foreign individuals and entities that commit, or pose a significant risk of committing, acts of terrorism. The Order also authorizes the U.S. Department of the Treasury, in consultation with the U.S. Departments of State and Justice, to designate and block the assets of individuals and entities that provide support, services, or assistance to, or otherwise associate with, terrorists and terrorist organizations designated under the Order, as well as their subsidiaries, front organizations, agents, and associates. In addition, it invokes a law that allows the President to bar transactions involving donations, food, clothing, and medicine and other articles "intended to be used to relieve human suffering", when the President finds donations would "seriously impair his ability to deal with any national emergency", are coerced or would endanger U.S. armed forces.

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals against targeted foreign countries, terrorists, international narcotics traffickers, and those engaged in activities related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It maintains a list of individuals and organizations identified by Executive Order 13224, from the U.S. Department of State website.

One of the first organisations that Executive Order 13224 was used on was the Palestinian-American charity the Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development. It was raided and closed on 4 December 2001. The HLF was the largest Muslim charity in the United States at the time.

Provisions

 * Except to the extent required by section 203(b) of International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), or provided in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date of this order, all property and interests in property of the following persons that are in the United States or that hereafter come within the United States, or that hereafter come within the possession or control of United States persons are blocked.
 * Except to the extent required by section 203(b) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), or provided in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the effective date.
 * Definitions
 * Determination: the making of donations of the type specified in section 203(b)(2) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(2)) by United States persons to persons determined to be subject to this order would seriously impair my ability to deal with the national emergency declared in this order, and would endanger Armed Forces of the United States that are in a situation where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and hereby prohibit such donations as provided by section 1 of this order. Furthermore, I hereby determine that the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 (title IX, Public Law 106– 387) shall not affect the imposition or the continuation of the imposition of any unilateral agricultural sanction or unilateral medical sanction on any person determined to be subject to this order because imminent involvement of the Armed Forces of the United States in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances.
 * Effective date and publication: This order is effective at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on September 24, 2001. This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register.

title: Executive Order 13224


text:
Big Boi and Dre Present... Outkast

Big Boi and Dre Present… Outkast is the only compilation album by the American Southern hip hop duo Outkast. It was released December 4, 2001 through LaFace/Arista Records. The compilation is composed of four new tracks, including three new songs—"Funkin' Around", "The Whole World" and "Movin' Cool (The After Party)", as well as five songs from Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik, one from ATLiens, and three each from Aquemini and Stankonia.

Recording sessions took place at Stankonia Recording and DARP Studios in Atlanta. Production was handled by Earthtone III and Organized Noize. It features guest appearances from Goodie Mob, Joi, Killer Mike and Sleepy Brown.

The album peaked at number 18 on the Billboard 200 and number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums in the United States. On March 6, 2002, it was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for 1,000,000 copies sold in the US. It also made it to No. 25 in New Zealand and No. 78 in Germany. In 2021, the album received Silver certification by the British Phonographic Industry for selling 60,000 units in the UK. Its lead single, "The Whole World", was charted in several countries and won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group in 2003.

Background
Although the compilation encompasses several hit songs from the duo, Big Boi and André 3000 don't consider it to be a "greatest hits" or "best-of" release. Big Boi described the album as "more like a refresher course… summer school on Outkast 101", and stated "[we're] just letting all the fans that went and got Stankonia know that there were three albums that came out before that. We picked some of the favourite songs from all the albums [for the compilation]." André added "after the Stankonia album, we gained a lot of new fans. They didn't know about Southernplayalistic, ATLiens, Aquemini. We had to give them the beginning [sic] to let them know where we're at right now".

The title track from ATLiens is mentioned as being included on the compilation in the essay contained in the booklet, but is not actually featured (it is assumed it was dropped at a late stage of the album's production); however, ATLiens is included on the New Zealand release of the album.

Track listing

 * Notes
 * The tracks "Ain't No Thang", "Rosa Parks", "Aquemini", "B.O.B.", "Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik", "Ms. Jackson", "SpottieOttieDopaliscious" and "Git Up, Git Out" differ from the album versions.

Personnel

 * André Benjamin — vocals, keyboards (track 2), horns arrangement (tracks: 2, 16) , producer (tracks: 1, 2, 5-8, 11, 13, 14, 16) , executive producer
 * Antwan "Big Boi" Patton — vocals, keyboards (track 2), horns arrangement (tracks: 2, 16) , producer (tracks: 1, 2, 5-8, 11, 13, 14, 16) , executive producer
 * Patrick "Sleepy" Brown — vocals (track 2), producer (tracks: 3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 15)
 * Michael "Killer Mike' Render — rap vocals (track 6)
 * Joi Gilliam-Gipp — additional vocals (track 6), vocals (track 16)
 * Myrna "Screechy Peach" Crenshaw — additional vocals (track 6)
 * Cameron Gipp — vocals (track 15)
 * Thomas "CeeLo Green" Callaway — vocals (track 15)
 * Aaron Mills — bass (tracks: 2, 6, 16)
 * David "Mr. DJ" Sheats — keyboards (track 2), horns arrangement (tracks: 2, 16) , producer (tracks: 1, 2, 5-8, 11, 13, 14, 16) , executive producer
 * Jason Freeman — horns (tracks: 2, 6, 16), horns arrangement (tracks: 2, 16)
 * Jerry Freeman — horns (tracks: 2, 6, 16), horns arrangement (tracks: 2, 16)
 * Darian Emory — horns (tracks: 2, 6, 16)
 * Leonard Julian — horns (tracks: 2, 6, 16)
 * Matt Still — keyboards (track 6)
 * Kevin Kendrick — keyboards (track 16)
 * Rico Wade — producer (tracks: 3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 15)
 * Ray Murray — producer (tracks: 3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 15)
 * John Frye — recording, mixing
 * Vincent Alexander — recording assistant, mixing assistant
 * Richard "Segal" Huredia — mixing
 * Warren Bletcher — mixing assistant
 * Bernie Grundman — mastering
 * Antonio "L.A." Reid — executive producer
 * Jeff Schulz — design
 * Joseph Cultice — photography
 * Joe Mama-Nitzberg — creative director
 * Regina Davenport — A&R
 * Michael Williams — management

title: Big Boi and Dre Present... Outkast


text:
Category talk:Episcopal Church (United States)

Should the names of the diocese be under "E" or their actual name ("M" for Massachusetts and so on)? I'm inclined to say they should, but do we have any other thoughts? rockhopper10r 19:54, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Let me rephrase that: I think the dioceses (right plural this time ;) should be listed under their geographical names ("M" for Massachusetts, "T" for Texas, etc.) rockhopper10r 06:41, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Carrickbanagher

Carrickbanagher ( or Carraig Beannchar meaning "rock of the points") is a townland in County Sligo, Ireland between the towns of Collooney and Ballymote.

Carrickbanagher has an area of approximately 5.3 km2, and had a population of 121 people as of the 2011 census.

title: Carrickbanagher


text:
User:Nemenyi

My name is Nemenyi.

title: User:Nemenyi


text:
Talk:Super Bowl XI

Earliest That A Super Bowl As Ever Taken Place? What?
"'This is the earliest that a Super Bowl as ever taken place.'"

I'm guessing that the sentence was supposed to say "This is the earliest in the year that a Super Bowl has ever taken place." since it was and still is. Did I make the right edit? --WikiFan04 13:56, 18 Dec 2004 (CST)

online kick to begin Super Bowl XI?
I remember an onside kick Bud Grant called to begin the game? Perhaps there was a penalty and nullified? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.176.131.1 (talk) 06:02, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Super Bowl XI


text:
User talk:Nemenyi

Nemenyi 19:57, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nemenyi


text:
User talk:202.156.2.50

Proposed deletion of Wheelock Place

The article Wheelock Place has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * 26-store non-notable mall. Zero refs/ELs.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Epeefleche (talk) 09:04, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Nomination of Elaine Wan Chan for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Elaine Wan Chan is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Elaine Wan Chan& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Kevin ( aka L235 · t · c) 03:04, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Clementi Khalsa FC
Hello 202.156.2.50,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged Clementi Khalsa FC for deletion, because the article doesn't clearly indicate why the subject is important enough to be included in an encyclopedia.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can contest this deletion, but don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions. Thanks!

Message delivered via the Page Curation tool, on behalf of the reviewer.

Significa liberdade (talk) 22:38, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:202.156.2.50


text:
User talk:CONFIQ

&

welcome
Welcome!

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Alternative & Disambugation
Hi! Thanks for redirecting Alternative. While you're at it please fixup the 200 or so links that now need disambiguating. You can find the list at Special:Whatlinkshere/Alternative. Enjoy! Ewlyahoocom 20:43, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Samuel
Hi CONFIQ. Thanks for your edit to Samuel. Nevertheless, I was forced to revert it; Bathsheba was not Samuel's mother; she was Solomon's. Ayin/Yud 09:07, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

you are right... my mistake!

Moshe Tavor
Hi Confiq. Your article seems to be a copy of []. You might want to re-write it before one of the automatic bots flags it for deletion as copyright violation. WhaleyTim (talk) 17:51, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Recruiting new editors
I have opened a section on WP:ANI which involves you see Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents. -- PBS (talk) 22:52, 9 September 2014 (UTC)

Notification
Johnuniq (talk) 11:28, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:CONFIQ


text:
Elliniko, Arcadia

Elliniko (Ελληνικό, before 1927: Μουλάτσι - Moulatsi ) is a mountain village in western Arcadia, Greece (the original village name of “Moulatsi” was referenced in Ottoman Empire documents as far back as 1515).

It is part of the municipal unit of Trikolonoi. It is situated on a mountain slope on the left bank of the river Lousios. It is 4 km south of Stemnitsa, 4 km east of Atsicholos, 5 km northeast of Karytaina and 14 km northwest of Megalopoli.

The ruins of the ancient city Gortys are on the right bank of the river Lousios, near the road from Elliniko to Atsicholos.

Greek politician Dimitris Avramopoulos hails from Elliniko as well as prominent “multi generational” companies owned by the Fourlis and Kourouniotis Families.

title: Elliniko, Arcadia


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Aniyah Red

Aniyah Red was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Aniyah Red
I'm not very familiar with this kind of thing, but I suspect she isn't sufficiently notable. --fvw *  20:00, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * There are 27 web and 0 usenet hits for her name as a string, which is probably a bit low for a "popular... porn performer", isn't it? Delete. Samaritan 20:12, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikimol 22:47, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, obvious ad. Wyss 23:28, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Vote against deletion. As long as someone can provide biographical information rather than this simple stub I'm all for the article.  Westifer
 * del Mikkalai 02:30, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Question it's a little hard to vote on an article that can't be seen. What was the rationale for this speedy? Wolfman 03:50, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I had no part in the speedy, but I imagine (and see Wyss above) the rationale was advertising/spam. It said she was a popular male-to female transsexual porn performer, gave a web site she was purportedly featured at, and added, IIRC, that she was featured at some Yahoo groups. Samaritan 04:08, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I suspect it ought to be deleted. But still, that doesn't sound like it meets the current criteria for speedy.  Wolfman 04:47, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Nope, it wasn't a CSD. Sadly, there's a lot of non-CSD speedy deleting going on at the moment.
 * 03:35, 19 Dec 2004 User:DavidWBrooks deleted Aniyah Red (content was: ' - trivial, incomprehensible)
 * --fvw *  04:52, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)
 * Actually, spam does qualify for CSD, and this was 100% in a can. Glad to see it gone. Wyss 19:32, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Having just reviewed policy a 2nd time, I do not notice the "spam" provision. Nor am I sure exactly how "spam" would be defined beyond containing only an external link. Could you point me to the relevant portion of policy? Wolfman 19:44, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Wyss, you need to read the deletion policy. Spam is a candidate for VfD, not a speedy, although quite a few pages seem to get deleted by unilateralist admins who think it should be a candidate for speedy. The relevant section:

* Original research * Inappropriate user pages in excessive or stubborn cases. * Vanity page * Advert or other spam * No potential to become encyclopedic * Completely idiosyncratic non-topic

Solution: List on Wikipedia:Votes for deletion. Dr Zen 06:27, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete appears to be better known as an "escort" than as an actor/actress. no evidence for notability in either profession. Wolfman 20:49, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. A popular porn actress that hasn't even made it to a single video yet? Maybe in the future, but not yet folks. - Andre Engels 22:11, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Looks like advertising to me, see no evidence to believe she is notable beyond a very niche audience. Rje 22:15, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, spam, advertising, no evidence of notability presented. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:02, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: promo, no evidence of notability. Wile E. Heresiarch 03:25, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, agree with most of whats said above. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 09:12, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I see no valid reason for deletion. anthony 警告 12:52, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Cache coherence

Copyright/licensing issue
Text on this page is word for word identical this: http://www.numascale.com/directory-based.html - which of course may be copied from Wikipedia (but no acknowledgement is given). Either way I suspect this page could be rewritten. 81.178.193.87 (talk) 19:12, 17 November 2012 (UTC)

Merge
This article should not be merged with cache. Cache coherency is a distinct topic. Dennis 20:01, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree. Suggest template removed? EdwardHades 11:36, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Also, the merger with caching failure seems silly. Objections to removal? --Hobit 08:53, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Merger proposal removed.--Hobit 02:28, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I also agree with removal of the "merge". Edans.sandes 18:29, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I am neutral on this question, but I think Dennis's statement is flawed, given that the topic of "cache coherency" does not exist outside the topic of caches. -- intgr 04:35, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Cache coherency should be linked to cache topic, but it must also be linked to multiprocessing as the major application is in this field.-- Pritish

 * The merger seems silly. People have written whole books on the subject.  Just wait for people to enhance and expand the article.

Consistency vs coherency
Whoever wrote this needs to go back and make a couple of changes:

1. Cache consistency != cache coherency

Coherency has to do with what values can be returned from a read, consistency has to do with the propagation of writes and when written values can/will be returned by a read. Read Hennessey and Patteron's book Ch6 to get an overview.

2. It might be nice to give some different examples of different CC protocols. The three major families of protocols are broadcast snoop, directory based, and hybrid (the only hybrid I know of is the IBM X3, see http://www.realworldtech.com/includes/templates/articles.cfm?ArticleID=RWT042405213553&mode=print for a description of the hybrid broadcast, directory protocol.

David Kanter

 * Does anyone agree that the sentence "Cache coherence is intended to manage such conflicts and maintain consistency between cache and memory" should be changed to "... maintain coherence between cache and memory"? I think this sentence is "incoherent" with the coherence definition. Edans.sandes 18:27, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

Generalization
I think the article should be generalized to apply to any kind of cache, and make a clear distinction when it's speaking about the CPU cache and when not. I have also added the

mergefrom tag for caching failure, as it is an artifact of cache incoherency. -- intgr 11:37, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Please do not merge cache failure into this article. Cache incoherency can lead to cache failure however as the that is but one of the many causes. Cache failure article also gives examples of failures in web browser caching that have nothing to do with coherency as defined today. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.236.225.96 (talk)

Expansion request
This article doesn't talk about strategies like: -- Beland 23:02, 15 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Not strictly guaranteeing coherency, for performance or simplicity. For example, a cache might have the policy "you'll get a consistent version from me, but it might not be the latest one".
 * Checking to see if a resource has changed, before serving the cached copy or refreshing. (Used for web caches, for example.)

 * Well, I guess there is a link to consistency model, but this is not very well explained, and it is a core concept. -- Beland 23:05, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

There is also a lot of discussion of the specific application of CPU/memory data caching, which assumes this is the only application. It would be good to make the language more inclusive and add examples from different applications. -- Beland 23:08, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I strongly agree. At a minimum - memory cache of disk storage (as in SAN file systems). Page should not refer specifically to processors and memory. Lets stay at a general level of:

--Kubanczyk 18:41, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) reader,
 * 2) writer,
 * 3) cache (...unshared),
 * 4) data store (...shared).

Also, the author has to define snarfing clearly —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jayendran.ramani (talk • contribs) 12:08, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Article title
Dumb question. Since the text of the article consistently uses the spelling "cache coherence", why is the article "Cache coherency"? --Jorend 00:43, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

And is "coherency" even a word? Blowfish (talk) 21:55, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The 2nd question is stupid, dictionaries exist, see . The problem is that the article uses both words (coherence and coherency are different words, not different spellings, since they also have different pronunciations); but coherence is the most common spelling, also in this technical meaning. Going to fix this. --Blaisorblade (talk) 10:07, 28 December 2008 (UTC)
 * To explain why I'm doing the rename directly: I'm working on these articles while studying the topic, and coherency (which is a word born after consistency and similar words, I guess) is never used, except in the title of "Effects of cache coherency in multiprocessors" by M. Dubois and F.A. Briggs (note the first author is French). The same authors, in "Memory access buffering in multiprocessors", switch to the other spelling. Also dictionaries consistently suggest coherence. So, I'm switching everything I find. --Blaisorblade (talk) 10:18, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Directory-based cache coherence protocols
How do directory-based cache coherence protocols work? --Abdull (talk) 15:39, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Merge from Coherence protocol
The Coherence protocol article is almost empty, all the existing information fits here in existing subsections, and cache coherence seems to me impossible to discuss without discussing coherence protocols. What do you think? --Blaisorblade (talk) 09:57, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

I agree with this suggestion. I would append that coherence protocol be left with a redirect to this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.106.166.49 (talk)

practically used protocols
AMD uses MOESI in opteron, Intel - MESI in pentium & Core. What protocols are used by other vendors? Such information can be added into article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by A5b (talk • contribs)

 * You are encouraged to add such information to the article. :)
 * Don't forget to add references for verifiability. If you're not sure how to do that, just use . -- intgr [talk] 17:13, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Protocol list: multiple items for same protocol
Minor note: shouldn't the "Illinois" and "MESI" items in the protocol list be replaced by one item "MESI (Illinois) protocol"? They refer to the same thing, and it is not clear why have two entries in the list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alexeicolin (talk • contribs) 13:50, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

Wording of "Overview" bullet 3
Insertion of "and" is incorrect in "Different processors may see an operand and assume different sequences of values.", although more than one editor (lately ) has introduced it. I am surprised this should be contentious as the sentence jarred with me on first reading it. It seemed so simple at the time.

Both forms are grammatically correct (nearly) but they differ in meaning: the subject of the verb "assume" is changed. The version without "and" is correct because:
 * It is (each copy of) the cached the operand that assumes a different sequence of values, and the several processors that see it. "Assume" is used here in the sense of "adopt" or "take on". The processor is not assuming anything: it is seeing this happen.
 * There is no "and" in the source cited (Neupane), which is in turn quite likely quoting from Grammatikakis, et. al..

Better than either is "Different processors may each see an operand assume a different sequence of values." The singular is to be preferred because each processor sees one particular sequence.

--Prof Tournesol (talk) 06:25, 19 December 2015 (UTC)

Existence of the Cache Coherence Problem
The article says: "The cache coherence problem exists only in systems with private local caches." I claim this isn't true. Assume a CPU with 4 cores and 2 levels of cache. One L1 cache (L1.0) is shared between CPU0 and CPU1, another one (L1.1) is shared between CPU2 and CPU3. L2 is shared between all 4 cores. Therefore, there aren't any private local caches and according to the statement I'm challenging, there can't be a cache coherence problem. But suppose a thread running on CPU0 reads a variable and a different one running on CPU2 accesses the same one pretty much at the same time. Both L1.0 and L1.1 contain a cache line holding that variable. If now both processes modify the variable, we have a cache coherence problem. — Preceding unsigned comment added by McGucket (talk • contribs) 22:25, 13 December 2016 (UTC)

software / hardware coherence
i find that this article should speak also about software coherency and mention that directory based and snoop protocols are hardware based cache coherency protocols — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:660:6302:21:6495:BC40:E65D:45DD (talk) 11:18, 15 September 2017 (UTC)

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Preposition Pickiness (from vs to)
I am confused by "In a read made by a processor P to a location X". As a native English speaker it seems that this should read "In a read made by a processor P from a location X".

Is there some technical reason for using "to" for both reads and writes?

Thanks,

-kb

(I'm trying to understand "false sharing" and getting really clear on cache coherency seems a necessary prerequisite. Using a clearer preposition here would help. I'm happy to make the change, but want to make sure I'm not breaking something else I don't appreciate.) Kentborg (talk) 17:13, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

 * @Kentborg 109.74.43.253 (talk) 00:25, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

Coherence-Free Processor
COI - It is my idea, but it has not been modeled, so no product exists. This is informational only. It has been peer reviewed.

I would like to propose an entry under coherence mechanisms, a coherence-free processor.

Coherence-Free Cache
It might be possible to create an exclusive cache. This would make possible a coherence-free processor. FrankYang43338 (talk) 16:21, 23 March 2024 (UTC) If there were two types of data, then it might be faster to process them in different ways. Just as a car performs better when you match the tires to the weather, a computer can execute faster when the algorithm is optimized for each data type.

See also: WIPO patent and my sandbox. Thank you for assisting. FrankYang43338 (talk) 13:02, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cache coherence


text:
Phil Housley

Phillip Francis Housley (born March 9, 1964) is an American professional ice hockey coach and former player who is currently an associate coach for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously served as assistant coach for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 2019 to 2022. Housley was the head coach of the NHL's Buffalo Sabres from 2017 until 2019.

Playing as a defenseman, Housley was drafted by the Sabres in the first round of the 1982 NHL Entry Draft and had a long and illustrious career playing for the Sabres, Winnipeg Jets, St. Louis Blues, Calgary Flames, New Jersey Devils, Washington Capitals, Chicago Blackhawks, and Toronto Maple Leafs. As a player, Housley was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2015.

Playing career
Housley is the second leading scorer amongst American-born players, with 1,232 points (338–894). He held the record for most points by an American-born NHL player until Mike Modano surpassed it on November 7, 2007.

Housley never won the Stanley Cup, coming closest with the Capitals in 1998, where they were swept in the Stanley Cup Finals by the Detroit Red Wings. At the time of retirement, Housley had played more NHL games without winning the Stanley Cup than any other player in NHL history until the retirement of Shane Doan in 2017, Jarome Iginla in 2018 and Patrick Marleau in 2022.

On January 21, 2000, Housley played in his 1,257th NHL game, the most ever at the time by an American, breaking the record held by Craig Ludwig. Housley went on to play in 1,495 NHL games. He held the record for games played by an American-born player for nearly seven years, until it was broken, on November 24, 2006, by Chris Chelios.

Housley was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2004, and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 9, 2015. On February 7, 2007, he was inducted into the Buffalo Sabres Hall of Fame, commemorated in a pre-game ceremony with former head coach Scotty Bowman on hand.

Coaching career
From 2004 to 2013, Housley coached high school hockey at Stillwater Area High School in Stillwater, Minnesota, helping to rebuild the program to respectability. From 2013 to 2017, Housley was an assistant coach for the Nashville Predators, working primarily with defensemen.

On January 5, 2013, Housley coached Team USA to the gold medal at the 2013 IIHF World U20 Championship in Ufa, Russia. He had served as an assistant coach on Team USA's 2007 and 2011 appearances in the World Juniors.

On June 15, 2017, it was announced that Housley was hired by the Buffalo Sabres as their new head coach. He led the Sabres to a 31st-place finish in his first season and saw the Sabres attain a 10-game winning streak early in his second season before the team collapsed down the stretch. Housley was fired by the Sabres after the 2018–19 season on April 7, 2019.

On June 26, 2019, it was announced that Housley signed a multi-year contract as assistant coach for the Arizona Coyotes. For the Coyotes, Housley served as defensive coordinator and power play coach.

With his contract set to expire, Housley and the Coyotes agreed to part ways on May 1, 2022. He joined the New York Rangers as an associate coach in June 2023.

Personal life
Housley grew up in South St. Paul, Minnesota. He is married to his high school sweetheart, Karin Housley, a Minnesota state senator. The Housleys have four grown children and reside in St. Marys Point, Minnesota.

Awards and achievements

 * Member of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame (2004)
 * NHL All-Rookie Team (1983)
 * NHL Second All-Star Team (1992)
 * Played in NHL All-Star Game (1984, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2000)
 * Second runner-up Norris Trophy (1992)
 * Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame (2015)
 * Youngest Defencemen in NHL History to Score (30) Goals in a Single Season @ (20 Years/9 Days) in Edmonton on 03/18/1984 in a 4-3 loss to the Oilers.

International play

 * 1984 Canada Cup (fourth place)
 * 1987 Canada Cup (fifth place)
 * 1996 World Cup of Hockey (first place)
 * Ice Hockey World Championships: 1982 (eight place), 1986 (sixth place), 1989 (sixth place), 2000 (fifth place), 2001 (fourth place), 2003 (13th place)
 * IIHF World U20 Championship: 2013 (Head Coach - Gold Medal)
 * 2013 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships (Assistant Coach- Bronze Medal)
 * Inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2012

Transactions

 * June 7, 1982 - Buffalo Sabres 1st round draft choice (6th overall) in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft.
 * June 16, 1990 - Traded by the Buffalo Sabres, along with Scott Arniel, Jeff Parker and Buffalo's 1990 1st round choice (Keith Tkachuk), to the Winnipeg Jets in exchange for Dale Hawerchuk and Winnipeg's 1990 1st round draft choice (Brad May).
 * September 23, 1993 - Traded by the Winnipeg Jets to the St. Louis Blues in exchange for Nelson Emerson and Stéphane Quintal.
 * July 4, 1994 - Traded by the St. Louis Blues, along with St. Louis' 1996 2nd round draft choice (Steve Bégin) and St. Louis' 1997 2nd round draft choice (John Tripp), to the Calgary Flames in exchange for Al MacInnis and Calgary's 1997 4th round draft choice.
 * February 26, 1996 - Traded by the Calgary Flames, along with Dan Keczmer, to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for Tommy Albelin, Cale Hulse and Jocelyn Lemieux.
 * July 22, 1996 - Signed as a free agent with the Washington Capitals.
 * September 28, 2001 - Claimed by the Chicago Blackhawks from the Calgary Flames in the 2001 NHL Waiver Draft.
 * March 11, 2003 - Traded by the Chicago Blackhawks to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for Toronto's 2003 9th round draft choice (Chris Porter) and Toronto's 2004 4th round draft choice (Karel Hromas).

title: Phil Housley


text:
Salem, Baden-Württemberg

Salem is a municipality in the Bodensee district of Baden-Württemberg in Southern Germany, located 9 km north of Lake Constance, with a population of 11,100.

Geography
The community is located about nine kilometers east of Überlingen and ten kilometers north east of Meersburg in Linzgau mainly in the valley of Linzer Aach. The district Oberstenweiler is situated on a side peak of the Gehrenberg up to 600 m height. The district area covers approximately 6270 hectares (as of December 31, 2014).

Neighboring communities
The community is adjacent to Überlingen, Meersburg, Bermatingen, Heiligenberg, Deggenhausertal, Frickingen and Uhldingen-Mühlhofen.

Municipality arrangement
The town of Salem consists of eleven member locations. The locations (as at 31 December 2014) are listed below:

 * Salem Stefansfeld (chief town)	743 ha
 * Beuren 888 ha
 * Buggensegel 361 ha
 * Grasbeuren 347 ha
 * Mimmenhausen 628 ha
 * Mittelstenweiler 314 ha
 * Neufrach 1030 ha
 * Oberstenweiler 324 ha
 * Rickenbach 171 ha
 * Tüfingen 911 ha
 * Weildorf 551 ha

History
For a detailed history of the monastery, see the article about Salem Abbey.

The area has been populated since at least the Bronze Age. Beginning in the 3rd century, the Alemanni and, later, the Franks established several villages, including the small settlement of Salemanneswilare (later Salmannsweiler). Salem Abbey, founded by the Order of Cistercians, was established here in 1134. It quickly achieved the rank of an imperial abbey.

From about 1285 to 1425, the High Gothic Salem Münster (Minster) was built, and it has been preserved until the current day. During the 17th century, the monastery had to cope with serious setbacks, including the Thirty Years' War, which brought death and destruction to many areas.

In 1697, a fire destroyed not only most of the buildings, but also numerous art treasures owned by the abbey. Subsequently, under the master builder Franz Beer of Vorarlberg, the Baroque buildings currently standing on the site were built.

Among other things, Abbot Anselm II Schwab founded an Orphans' Fund in 1749 that is considered the first savings bank in Germany. Anselm also had the pilgrimage church Birnau built on the shores of Lake Constance.

The heyday of the monastery ended with the German mediatization in 1803. It was secularized, and the territory fell to the Margraviate of Baden.

Culture and sights
The Cistercian monastery of Salem Abbey was founded in 1134, when the knight Guntram von Adelsreute donated land for its establishment. The abbey already had its own scriptorium in the 12th century and formed one of the most important monastery libraries in Europe.

Currently, the grounds are home to the middle school campus of Schule Schloss Salem, a boarding school founded in 1920 by Kurt Hahn and Prince Max of Baden. The abbey complex covers a total of 17 hectares.

Other sights are the Gothic-style Salem Minster (the former church of the abbey complex) and the Baroque chapel.

Sports
In summer the Schlosssee (castle lake) attracts swimmers from all over the region. There are also tennis courts, a football and athletics stadium, sports grounds, sports halls and rehearsal rooms for teams.

Teams
Fanfarenzug Salem during the day of open doors on 14 September 2014 in Salem Monastery and Palace.

Salem has numerous clubs, including the Fanfarenzug Salem.

Regular events
The Schloss Seefest Salem, one of the largest open-air events in the Lake Constance region, is held every first summer holiday weekend. International artists perform large outdoor concerts on the castle grounds in the lakeside park.

Notable people

 * Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer (1696–1770), Rococo plasterer and sculptor
 * Jodok Pein (died after 1729), archivist, konzipist and teaching provost
 * Johann Baptist von Keller (1774–1845), Bishop of Rottenburg
 * Maximilian, Margrave of Baden (1933–2022), head of the House of Baden 1963–2022.
 * Abdullah Wagishauser (born 1950), Muslim cleric
 * Bernhard, Margrave of Baden (born 1970), German prince and head of the House of Baden since 2022.
 * Alexander Hahn (born 1987), politician (FDP)

title: Salem, Baden-Württemberg


text:
Talk:Wa'el Hamza Julaidan

Untitled
Julaiden's contribution to the dawn days of al Qaeda is often overlooked. One book highlights his prominent role in the evolution of al Qaeda. Written by an early Bin Ladin associate, Adel Batterjee, (under the pseudonym "Basil Muhammad"), Al Ansar al Arab fi Afghanistan (The Arab volunteers in Afghanistan). It was published by the Benevolence International Foundation (BIF) in 1991, and also with World Association of Muslim Youth (WAMY).

title: Talk:Wa'el Hamza Julaidan


text:
Elliniko (disambiguation)

Elliniko is a suburban city in southcentral Athens.

Elliniko or Ellinikon (Ελληνικό, "Hellenic, Greek") may also refer to the following places in Greece:

 * Ellinikon International Airport, Elliniko
 * Hellinikon Olympic Complex
 * Elliniko, Achaea, a village in Farres municipal unit
 * Elliniko, Arcadia, a village in Gortynia municipality
 * Elliniko, Tyros, a seaside village in Tyros municipal unit
 * Elliniko, Argolis, a village in Argos municipal unit
 * Elliniko, Corinthia, a village in Evrostina municipal unit
 * Elliniko, Ioannina, a village in the Ioannina regional unit
 * Elliniko, Kilkis, a village in the Kilkis regional unit
 * Elliniko, Laconia, a village in Laconia

title: Elliniko (disambiguation)


text:
USS Perkins (DD-26)

USS Perkins (DD-26) was a modified Paulding-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I. She was the first ship named for Commodore George H. Perkins.

Perkins was laid down on 22 March 1909 by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, Massachusetts, christened by Commodore Perkins' daughter Isabel Weld Perkins and launched from the Fore River on 9 April 1910. Perkins was commissioned on 18 November 1910, Lieutenant Commander Joel R. P. Pringle in command.

Service history
After almost seven years of peacetime service with active and reserve destroyer squadrons, Perkins recommissioned on 3 April 1917. Assigned to the second division of United States destroyer forces in Europe, a division which included USS Paulding (DD-22), USS Wilkes (DD-67), and USS Ammen (DD-35), she operated out of Queenstown, Ireland, from June into November 1917.

During this duty, she rescued survivors of Tarquah on 7 August, and escorted SS Bohemia from Saint Nazaire to Ireland and SS New York from Queenstown to Liverpool. In November 1917 she departed Ireland for New York, New York.

During the winter of 1917–1918, she underwent overhaul at Charleston, South Carolina. From March to December 1918 she operated out of Gravesend Bay, New York, on anti-submarine patrol and escort duty. She sighted German submarine SM U-151 off New Jersey on 2 June 1918. On convoy duty, she escorted various ships, including USS President Grant (ID-3014) and SS President Washington, between Halifax, Nova Scotia and New York.

Entering the Reserve Fleet on 5 December 1919, she remained there until she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 8 March 1935, sold on 28 June, and scrapped.

title: USS Perkins (DD-26)