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Kyrgyz som

The som (Kyrgyz: сом; ISO code: KGS; sign: ⃀ (с)) is the currency of Kyrgyzstan.

Etymology
The official name of the Soviet currency in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik, and Uzbek was soum, and this name appeared written on the back of banknotes, among the texts for the value of the note in all 15 official languages of the USSR. The word som (alternatively transliterated "soum" or "sum") means "pure" in Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uyghur and Uzbek, as well as in many other Turkic languages. The word implies "pure" silver or gold and thus is similar in etymology to sterling.

Currency symbol
The National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic approved an underlined С (es) as the official currency symbol for the som in February 2017. It is represented in Unicode as.

History
After the collapse of the Soviet Union attempts were made by most republics to maintain a common currency. Certain politicians were hoping to at the very least maintain "special relations" among former Soviet republics, or the "near abroad". Another reason were the economic considerations for maintaining the rouble zone. The wish to preserve the strong trade relations between former Soviet republics was considered the most important goal.

The break-up of the Soviet Union was not accompanied by any formal changes in monetary arrangements. The Central Bank of Russia was authorized to take over the State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank) on 1 January 1992. It continued to ship Soviet notes and coins to the central banks of the fourteen newly independent countries, which had formerly been the main branches of Gosbank in the republics. The political situation, however, was not favourable for maintaining a common currency. Maintaining a common currency requires a strong political consensus in respect to monetary and fiscal targets, a common institution in charge of implementing these targets, and some minimum of common legislation (concerning the banking and foreign exchange regulations). These conditions were far from being met amidst the turbulent economic and political situation.

During the first half of 1992, a monetary union with 15 independent states all using the rouble existed. Since it was clear that the situation would not last, each of them was using its position as "free-riders" to issue huge amounts of money in the form of credit. As a result, some countries were issuing coupons in order to "protect" their markets from buyers from other states. The Russian central bank responded in July 1992 by setting up restrictions to the flow of credit between Russia and other states. The final collapse of the rouble zone began when Russia pulled out with the exchange of banknotes by the Central Bank of Russia on Russian territory at the end of July 1993.

The Kyrgyz som was introduced on 10 May 1993, replacing the Soviet currency at a rate of 1 som = Rbls 200. Initially only banknotes were issued, coins were not introduced until 2008.

Coins
Circulation coins were first introduced in January 2008, making Kyrgyzstan second to last of the former Soviet republics to issue them. Belarus became the last. This move came with growing demand from vendors for coins, especially from slot machine industries and those desiring a more efficient system for collecting fare money.

The coins were issued in denominations of 10 and 50 tiyin and 1, 3, and 5 som. A 10 som coin was issued a year later in 2009.

All coins are minted by the Kazakhstan mint in Ust-Kamenogorsk and bear some resemblance to coins of the Russian Federation.

Commemorative coins
There are several commemorative non circulation coins struck in silver and gold, and a special collector's 1 tyiyn piece struck in brass. Starting in 1995, the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic has issued a large number of commemorative coins intended for collectors. They are not used in everyday circulation.

Banknotes
On 10 May 1993, the government issued 1, 10, and 50 tyiyn notes and the Kyrgyzstan Bank issued notes for 1, 5, and 20 som. In 1994, the Kyrgyz Bank issued a second series of notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 som. A third series followed from 1997 onwards in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 som. A fourth series was issued in 2009 and 2010 in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 som. Several commemorative banknotes intended for collectors were also issued.

First series (1993)
Notes valued 1 and 10 tyiyin with serial numbers KT and ZT were issued in 1999. 50 tyiyins notes with serial numbers KT and ZT were issued in 2001. All others in 1993.

Notes of the first series were designed by Dmitry Lysogorov and A. P. Tsygank. They were printed by De La Rue in Great Britain.

Notes valued 1, 10, and 50 tyiyin stayed in use until coins were introduced in January 2008. Banknotes of 1, 5, and 20 som of the first series were gradually withdrawn from circulation and replaced with banknotes of the second series starting in 1994.

Second series (1994–1995)
The second series of banknotes followed in 1994-1995 when "the banknotes of the stabilization period" were issued. These banknotes had a better counterfeit protection than the banknotes of the first series.

Third series (1997–2005)
Starting in 1997, a new series of banknotes was introduced with similar themes, but enhanced design, compared to the previous series.

In January 2008 coins of 1 and 5 som and in December 2009 coins of 10 som were introduced. As a result, production of banknotes of these values ceased. The banknotes were however not removed from circulation, but are instead being phased out. In January 2008 the Kyrgyz National Bank estimated that within 2 years the 1 and 5 som banknotes would have almost completely disappeared from circulation.

Fourth series (2009–2016)
In 2009 the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic issued a 5,000 som note. Later new editions for 20, 50, and 100 som denominations followed. Among other things, these notes have enhanced security features compared to the previous series.

Commemorative banknotes
In October 2014 banknotes commemorating the 150th birthdate of Toktogul Satylganov and the 100th birthdate of Alykul Osmonov were issued for sale to collectors. Only 3,000 of each were printed.

A commemorative 2,000 som banknote in honor of the 25th anniversary of independence and the introduction of the som was issued in November 2017.

title: Kyrgyz som


text:
Illinois Route 120

Illinois Route 120 (IL 120) is a major east–west state highway in northeastern Illinois. It runs from U.S. Route 14 near Woodstock to Illinois Route 131 in Waukegan. It travels a distance of 34.62 mi and is one of the few roads that provides direct access from McHenry County to Interstate 94 (Tri-State Tollway) in Lake County. Throughout its length, it shifts between two and four lanes as it passes through a setting that consists of open rural areas, as well as larger developments and heavy congestion.

Although small capacity expansions have been made over time, a lengthy two lane section of road in the Grayslake vicinity has yet to see any major expansion. This key segment has been the subject of much debate regarding the greater traffic flow across north-central Lake County. In October 2009, a special council approved a unified vision for a plan for most of the Lake County portion of Illinois 120, which includes a long discussed bypass around downtown Grayslake.

McHenry County
Beginning at its western terminus at a rural unsignalized intersection with U.S. Route 14 (Northwest Highway), IL 120 starts out as a two lane road just west of the city of Woodstock. This section is known as Washington Street as it heads in a southeast direction and enters the outer residential neighborhoods of Woodstock. In this area, the road curves due east, crosses the Metra Union Pacific/Northwest Line tracks near the station, then briefly heads north before turning once more to the northwest. Immediately after doing so, it passes a signalized intersection with IL 47 (Seminary Avenue/Eastwood Drive) before traveling north of the McHenry County Fairgrounds and then heading out of the Woodstock area and back into a prairie setting. The road then curves back to the north and then takes a right turn at an unsignalized intersection where it continues generally east for the remainder of its length.

Before reaching the McHenry area a little more than four miles east, the road passes through two signalized intersections, some light forests, and some sparse residential developments. Now entering the busier city of McHenry, it takes on the name Elm Street and widens to four lanes west of Ringwood Road. Light commercial buildings with neighborhoods behind them line the roadway until the crossing of the McHenry Branch of the Union Pacific/Northwest Line near the McHenry Metra station. At the next intersection, IL 120 meets with IL 31 (Front Street/Richmond Road) where they briefly run concurrently for less than a half mile. It next travels over the Fox River, passes by another section of commercial business, and then returns to a quieter setting that features a mix of open areas, neighborhoods, small business, and Lily Lake.

Lake County
Continuing its somewhat rural journey to the east, Illinois 120 becomes known as Belvidere Road as it enters Lake County and the town of Lakemoor which is soon followed by the busy intersection of U.S. Route 12/Illinois Route 59 (Rand Road). The road then heads into the town of Volo which features land developed with businesses and homes on the south and undeveloped land on the north. This is also where it passes the intersection of the western terminus of IL 60 and then narrows down to two lanes. The road then runs past the Baxter Healthcare facility and proceeds into the Round Lake area where it goes by the Nippersink Forest Preserve on the north and then between two residential developments. For just a slight instance, it travels through Round Lake Park before entering the town of Hainesville where it passes the Metra Milwaukee District/North Line tracks, the eastern terminus of IL 134, and a few businesses before going into the more populated city of Grayslake. Neighborhoods and occasional small businesses lie north and south of the road until it crosses Canadian National Railway (CN) tracks (used by the Metra North Central Service ) immediately before an intersection with IL 83 (Barron Boulevard). After passing a shopping plaza on the south, the next stretch of roadway contains a mix of other businesses and residential developments, as well as a branch of the Lake Forest Hospital, while also widening to four lanes on its approach to a major junction with U.S. Route 45. Past the intersection, the road passes a commercial plaza and again narrows back to two lanes before going by more neighborhoods on the north, and some open areas that contain the Almond Marsh Forest Preserve on the south.

At this point it widens to become a four-lane divided highway west of Almond Road and it enters the southern part of Gurnee where travels near the Merit Club golf course which lies to the south of a "T" intersection with Hunt Club Road. The eastbound approach to this intersection features the only dual-left turn lanes on the entire length of Illinois 120. The remaining section of highway, although only briefly limited-access, does have limited signalized intersections which keeps traffic flowing at a more constant rate. It first passes under a grade separation at Illinois Route 21 (Milwaukee Avenue) and goes over the Des Plaines River before forming an interchange with Interstate 94 (Tri-State Tollway). Only southbound access is permitted to I-94; northbound access is available via IL 21. It next enters part of the Waukegan area and shortly encounters an at-grade intersection with O'Plaine Road and then continues with more grade separation at the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) tracks and Greenleaf Avenue. Interchanges with IL 43 (Waukegan Road) and U.S. Route 41 (Skokie Highway) closely follow one another with a brief transition into Park City located between these two junctions. It can be confusing in this area as there is no direct access to northbound US-41 or southbound IL-43, which terminates immediately north at US-41. Illinois 120 loses its divided highway status after traveling over the Union Pacific (UP) tracks and passing by its last stretch of businesses as it reenters Waukegan. It soon reaches the commercially developed, signalized intersection of Illinois Route 131 (Green Bay Road) where it terminates as a state route; Belvidere Road continues east as a local road.

History
State Bond Issue (SBI) Route 120 originally ran from Havana to Mason City in west-central Illinois. In 1939 this became IL 119, and in 1951, U.S. Route 136. In the meantime, in 1941 Illinois 120 replaced Illinois Route 20 to avoid confusion with nearby U.S. Route 20. In 1972, the designation was removed east of IL 131. During the early 1990s, plans came about to widen 5.7 miles of roadway in McHenry and Lake counties. The project extended from River Road in McHenry to east of Illinois 60. These plans also included the construction of a short southern bypass around the town of Volo. By 1994, the work had concluded which resulted in four concrete travel lanes. In 2000, a $4.6 million construction project was completed at the intersection of US-45. The changes that took place to Illinois 120 were: expanding to two lanes in each direction and adding a right turn lane to the eastbound approach. The most recent major construction that has taken place was between August 2007 and July 2008 at the interchange with I-94. The work consisted of demolishing the two bridge structures that travel over the tollway and replacing them with new ones.

Future
In recent years there has been much discussion on how to improve the east–west traffic flow throughout north-central Lake County. IL 120 enters Lake County from the west as a four-lane highway and then becomes a two-lane highway less than three miles east, just past IL 60 and later becomes a four lane divided highway west of Hunt Club Road. Since there is heavy traffic from nearby Interstate 94 to the east as well as traffic traveling to and from McHenry County in the west, some believe this gap should become four lanes. As part of this expansion plan, a 7-mile southern bypass in Grayslake would be constructed. This has since become known as the "120 bypass".

This project is closely related to another long delayed Lake county transportation project; the IL 53 extension. The currently stalled project has been planned to extend the limited-access expressway, which carries IL 53 and terminates at Lake-Cook Road, north to connect to the 120 bypass, and then branch off toward U.S. Route 12 to the west and Interstate 94 to the east. If the project were ever built, the east–west 120 bypass would likely be built as a limited-access expressway to connect with the proposed north–south Illinois 53 extension which is also limited-access. The entire scope of this project; starting on Illinois 120 at Interstate 94, continuing west on the 120 bypass, and connecting with the Illinois 53 extension would provide a direct route for commuters in northern Lake County to gain access to the western and southwestern Chicago suburbs. Since there have been many delays over the decades on how to proceed with this extension, the 120 bypass project moved forward on its own as an independent project.

In 2006, a feasibility study got underway by a special corridor planning council which was composed of groups from nearby communities and local government officials and took public input. Initially, the main focus for the public was to provide feedback for the road character or type of road. The alternatives considered were: a four lane roundabout boulevard, four lane signalized boulevard, six lane signalized arterial, and six lane expressway. In December 2008, it was revealed that the four lane boulevard option was selected in an 11–2 vote over an expressway, however it still remained open whether or not roundabouts would be used in place of traffic signals at intersections. The cost of the project was estimated at $521 million. In May 2009, the preferred roadway alignment was selected.

On October 14, 2009, the Route 120 Corridor Planning Council Governance Board came to a consensus and approved a vision for the project which recommends that the bypass be built as a four lane arterial highway with limited-access. The next step is for the Illinois Department of Transportation to begin a Phase I Preliminary Engineering Study.

In 2012, the Blue Ribbon Advisory Council revived the 120 expressway alternative as a tollway, rather than a roundabout or signalized boulevard, and proposed the Route 53/120 expressway plan to IDOT as a four-lane, completely below grade tollway with a speed limit of 45 mph. The proposed roadway would include such features as a multi-use path, bioswale grassy median, landscaped raised berms, in-pavement lighting, all electronic tolling, and innovative interchange designs.

In 2016, Lake County Board Chairman Aaron Lawlor withdrew his support for the project, issuing a statement indicating his belief that "financial and political realities have become insurmountable" and would prevent the extension from happening in the environmental way envisioned in the 2012 report. Despite the withdrawn support, the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority made no changes to the plan to conduct an environmental impact study, with Chairman Bob Schillerstrom stating "many of the questions that Chairman Lawlor raised would be answered" by such a study.

On May 25, 2017, the Illinois Tollway board unanimously approved a $25 million expenditure for an environmental impact study of the proposed northward extension of Illinois Route 53 into Lake County. Opponents continued to criticize the project as expensive and harmful to the environment, while supporters believe it will provide congestion relief and a boon to the economies of Lake and McHenry counties. The U.S. Public Interest Research Group, a consumer advocacy organization, included the Route 53 extension in a list of "nine wasteful highway boondoggles," pegging the cost at $2.3 billion and saying it "would jeopardize the environment and lacks a viable funding plan."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Illinois Route 120


text:
Talk:Double-decker bus

Re: First North American transit use of double deckers
The article remarks that Victoria BC was the first North American city to employ double decker buses. This is incorrect. New York City used American built models early in the 20th century. Later, in the 1980s, British Leyland built buses were used on Fifth Avenue routes for several years. -{Ursosarctos) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ursosarctos (talk • contribs) 03:55, August 28, 2007 (UTC)

Is there a reason why Washington, DC is included here when the article mentions that cities with only tourist double deckers are excluded? A clever PR person for the tour company, perhaps? --92.236.48.97 (talk) 09:15, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

Brampton Transit in Ontario put a 1985 British Leyland bus into service in '89. The bus was purchased from Gray Line Tours in Victoria, BC. See this article. And here's a pic. Unless a bus build in '85 isn't considered "modern." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.0.102.167 (talk) 15:26, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

Move to save the Routemaster bus
I know awhile back there was a move to save the Routemaster bus from being phased out by many UK citizens. I think it would be worth a mention in this article. Does anyone have any information on it and think it would be a good addition to the article? Manufracture 02:43, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Phasing out of London buses: mistake?
Double-decker buses most certainly are not being phased out in London. They are still by far the most common type of bus in north London (where this author lives). I believe this article is mistakenly referring to the phasing out of the traditional "Routemaster" bus.

From MSNBC article http://msnbc.msn.com/id/4316040/ :

 * The snub-nosed vehicle, with its characteristic curved lines and hop-on, hop-off rear platform, is being replaced by bigger, boxier double deckers and articulated single-decker "bendy buses."

Creation
Currently the article says "They were created as a means of carrying large numbers of passengers without exceeding legal limits on vehicle length."

Is this true? The first double deckers were horse drawn and like stage coaches had passangers on top. But was it to keep withing legal lenght limits, or the best way to keep the weight of the carrage down to maximise the number of passengers the horses could pull?
 * The average number in an omnibus at any one time is given as fourteen, and averaging these passengers at ten stone apiece, and throwing in the driver and conductor, we get a ton of live weight, to which we can add the ton and a half which the omnibus weighs, making up two-and-a-half tons for the pair to draw, and thus we arrive at the easily-remembered formula that the London omnibus horse draws a ton and a quarter twelve miles a day. He draws this at the rate of five miles an hour; he is bought when he is five years old; he works five years; he costs 35l. to buy and half-a-sovereign a week to feed; he is sold for a 5l. note; and lastly, and by no means less importantly, 'he is not a horse, but a mare.' --PBS 20:38, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Matterobus?
What part of the world names a double-decker bus as a "matterobus"? Frankly this looks like a "joke" or "spoof" term. --TGC55 22:13, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Google returns with 3 hits. Insignificant I know, but at least the name exists. *shurg* deadkid_dk 02:41, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * All of those hits are related to "Wiki" sites. I did a Yahoo search and came up with something like 5 hits. All of these are sourced from "Wiki" sites. I think that the word "matterobus" is just a spoof word.--TGC55 14:08, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree. I've repeated the Google search. The only hits for this word are from Wikipedia or sites that are clearly WP derived. We have been had. Removing reference. -- Chris j wood 09:37, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

I just found out that my son is responsibl for "matterobus". He tried to use the word in a Scrabble game with his grandpa and was challenged. To "prove" it was a word, he ran to his room, printed out the edited page, and showed it to his grandpa, who didn't know that the articles could be edited. At any rate, I apologize for the whole matterobus. ((Mozartgirl))

Misrepresentative, to say the least
Why is only London mentioned has having double deckers in common use? Most large cities in the UK also have large numbers of double deckers in their fleets.

Similarly, the list of operators would have to be greatly expanded to include First etc. who run bus services in Edinburgh etc.

Any particular reason for these omissions? Juux 00:31, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Actually, most towns in the UK that have regular bus services will see double deckers in regular use. Many services between towns are operated by double deckers. Single deckers are used on routes where there are height restrictions, due to low bridges, for example, but, at least in England, double deckers are the norm not the exception. Rayhol (talk) 21:15, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

There are Double-Deckers in Buenos Aires
I was recently in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and there are a lot of double-decker buses in use in the national transportation. I can't find any good info in english about it though.
 * user:Weirdo55 forgot to sign the above. Peter Horn User talk 17:37, 6 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Try looking at all the entries in Argentina Happy translating. Peter Horn User talk 17:26, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

How do you control gravitational effects?
This sentence does not make sense. How does one control gravitational effects? Maybe forces due to changes in direction of the bus, but not due to gravitational effects. It must be a misprint or something. Am i missing something?

From the first paragraph: "The first one is for primary operation and the second one is for controlling the vibrational and gravitational effects which may abrupt due the course of design of such buses."

Thanks, Sirtrebuchet (talk) 04:13, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
 * That sentence is rubbish. I would like to remove it.  Does anyone object? Rayhol (talk) 21:15, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * It's nonsense. Please do. 132.244.246.25 (talk) 09:47, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Have done, but I forgot to sign the changes! Rayhol (talk) 23:22, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The high center of gravity of the double-decker bus is the think which helps them to roll-over. Does the ESC help to control it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.136.154.253 (talk) 10:14, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

Conflict
The Ireland article claims over 1125 double deckers in use in Dublin "second only to London" but the following Hong Kong section claims 5000 in service. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.104.138.141 (talk) 04:51, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

There are double-decker buses in dubai
There are so many buses in Dubai. I hope someone takes that into account as i don't have much info about it.--Varunn 14:56, 28 August 2010 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Varunn pandya (talk • contribs)

Iraq
When I was in Baghdad in the late 1970's early 1980's Baghdad had a fleet of Leyland Atlanteans. They seemed ill suited to the heat and were normally seen stopped with the rear engine cover open. I imagine they are all long gone now.

Sri Lanka
I was in Colombo when the fleet of ex London Transport RMs were delivered as part of an aid package. The British Ambassador was amusing himself driving one around where they were all parked up opposite the Galle Face Hotel awaiting the official handover. It struck me at the time as a curious application of aid and a disaster waiting to happen, given the state of Columbo's roads, with many deep potholes and the propensity for Sri Lankans to hang off the outside of the buses. 'No standing upstairs', the traditional requirement to keep the centre of gravity down, was irrelevant to Sri Lankans, who stand anywhere they can find a space, as well as using the roof and hanging off the sides. Cheers Istracpsboss

Greece
There are double deckers as Athens City Tour buses and also on the E22 route to Saronida. --62.103.215.152 (talk) 14:05, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

Mexico
Re Double-decker bus. I have found in Dos pisos, Viajes. There is more, but I don't have time to translate from Spanish. Peter Horn User talk 15:41, 6 May 2014 (UTC)
 * If one can't find anything in English try another language,inthis case it was Spanish. Peter Horn User talk 17:17, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

Red?
"Double-decker buses are used for mass transit in the United Kingdom, especially the iconic red double-decker." - this reads that the iconic red bus is especially used for mass transit across the UK. It's used only within London, naturally. Double-decker buses elsewhere in the UK are all kinds of colours depending on the operator, the largest being First Bus, Stagecoach, and Arriva - none of whom use red livery. Thedaveformula (talk) 14:23, 12 May 2014 (UTC)

The current wording of the article refers to certain post-WW2 models, somewhat ambiguously, as "the first." Double-decker buses go quite a bit farther back than that. The 1927 Claude Friese-Greene film shows contemporary motor buses (which are red) and the Mitchell/Kenyon footage from the very early 20th century shows horse-drawn double-deckers in various cities. 2001:558:6045:D8:61BE:60A0:94BA:A195 (talk) 07:13, 1 April 2015 (UTC)

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Triple Deckers
I remember seeing one – an RT/RM-stylee bus – converted into a bar/restaurant in the infield at Silverstone during an early-1990s British Grand Prix weekend. Mr Larrington (talk) 01:23, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

jumping bus
At Dick_Smith_(entrepreneur) it says he organised a double decker bus to jump over 16 (13?) motorcycles and has a link to AEC Routemaster. I know that the bus wasn't a Routemaster but I'm not sure what it really was. Here's a pic: https://web.archive.org/web/20000116024016/http://dropbears.com/m/models/specials/busjump.htm and a video https://dicksmithadventure.com.au/dick-smiths-flying-bus/ (note: Smith is the clippie on the platform - watch him bounce for the landing). I remember watching this on tellie as a kid but I need help identifying the bus.  Stepho  talk 11:27, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Double-decker bus


text:
File talk:WWI hospital train interior.jpg

http://www.gwpda.org/photos/use.htm requests a notification when images are used from the site, but the only address listed on the usage page, atominfo@aol.com, bounces as unknown. The usage page states: "The bulk of these photos have been scanned, in good faith, from publications with elapsed copyrights, which, for the purpose of this archive, will mean that a period of at least 70 years has passed from the original copyright date. Other photos are taken from government sources and are therefore already public property." so the image should be valid for use here. slambo 19:26, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)


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Talk:Phantom energy

Stub
Instead of deleting this, we should just replace it with a stub. The actual concept of phantom energy exists (see the pages which link to it for explanation), this would probably better be classified as vandalism. EagleFalconn 19:26, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

looping Universe theory: Phantom energy Big Bang
Nothingness cannot rip off; thus during the Planckian Rip, a new universe will emerge. An old theory. We should mention all theories.
 * Is big bang the rip off of nothingness? Certainly not because: a. we have work and potential, b. quantum physics is in effect. That is certainly not nothingness. Nothing cannot exist (because if it did it would be something; which is different).

 * Serious physicists how focus on data, say that the Universa will thermally die a permanent final non-Big-Banging death. (holy mother of turd; and universe was fun...😢) On the other hand, we then have to physically define spatiotemporal or metalogically deeper QFT state permanence 😜 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:587:4119:B900:41CC:8AFB:EA8F:116B (talk) 05:39, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phantom energy


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Degrassi

Degrassi is a Canadian teen drama television franchise created by Kit Hood and Linda Schuyler, that follows the lives of youths attending the eponymous secondary school in Toronto. Each entry since 1987 has taken place in the same continuity. Outside of television, the franchise comprises a variety of other media, such as companion novels, graphic novels, documentaries, soundtracks, and non-fiction works.

In 1979, Schuyler and Hood adapted the Kay Chorao book Ida Makes A Movie into a live-action short film, and expanded upon its universe with a series of subsequent installments until 1982, when it evolved into the critically acclaimed children's series The Kids of Degrassi Street, which aired for 26 episodes until 1986. That year, the duo developed Degrassi Junior High, which focused on the teenage demographic they felt was underserved by contemporary media. Running for three seasons (1987–1989), it became one of Canada's most popular television series and was highly regarded for its realistic portrayal of adolescence and serious social issues; this was followed by Degrassi High (1989–1991), which chronicled the cast's high school years and met similar critical and commercial success. The initial run of the franchise ended with the controversial television film School's Out (1992), which received mixed reviews but drew double the average viewership of the series, followed by the docuseries Degrassi Talks (1992), in which actors spoke to teens nationwide about various issues.

In the 1990s, the series increasingly developed a cult following through re-runs, and a successful televised cast reunion in 1999 helped spark the franchise's revival with Degrassi: The Next Generation (2001–2015), which originally aired on CTV in Canada and The N in the United States. It focused on a new generation of students, augmented by select original characters in supporting roles. It was similarly critically and commercially successful, especially in the United States, and launched the careers of musician Drake and actress Nina Dobrev. After nine seasons, The Next Generation was rebranded to Degrassi and changed to a telenovela-style format. After five more seasons, it was cancelled in 2015. It was superseded by Degrassi: Next Class (2016–2017), a short-lived Netflix co-production geared toward Generation Z, whose cancellation was revealed in 2019. In January 2022, a new series was announced for HBO Max in which Schuyler would not be involved; it was cancelled in November following a lack of updates, though WildBrain later indicated that they still intend to produce the series.

Degrassi is regarded as one of Canada's greatest television achievements and is one of the most successful media franchises in Canadian history. It has been widely acclaimed over its four-decade history for its approach to adolescence and serious issues faced by adolescents. It has courted controversy on several occasions for episodes depicting teenage pregnancy, abortion, and LGBT issues, with various episodes facing some form of editing or censorship outside of Canada since the late 1980s. Among the awards and accolades it has received include numerous Gemini Awards, two International Emmys in 1985 and 1987, and a Peabody Award in 2010. The franchise was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in December 2023.

1979–1986: The Kids of Degrassi Street
In 1976, Linda Schuyler, a Grade 7 and Grade 8 media teacher at Earl Grey Senior Public School in Toronto, founded Playing With Time Inc. with her partner Kit Hood. Schuyler had met Hood, who had a career in editing television commercials, when she needed help from an experienced editor to save the "muddled footage" of one of her projects. As a media teacher, Schuyler encouraged her students to use video as a narrative tool. Bruce Mackey, Earl Grey's librarian and a friend of Schuyler, procured her several books about filmmaking upon her request, one being Ida Makes a Movie, by the American author Kay Chorao. Mackey did not realize that it was a children's book and discarded it, but Schuyler developed an interest in adapting the book into a film. Before leaving, Schuyler sought legal advice from Stephen Stohn, a young entertainment lawyer who had recently graduated from law school, and who would eventually become her producing partner and husband.

Stohn recalled in his 2018 memoir Whatever It Takes that he advised Schuyler that being out of print, buying the rights to the book on her own would be "relatively straightforward", and that involving lawyers would make the process "unnecessarily complicated." Stohn instead gave Schuyler a boilerplate form for permission to take with her to New York. Schuyler purchased the rights for $200. The feline characters were changed into human children, and the story was also largely repurposed. The film featured production techniques that Schuyler and Kit Hood felt were missing from children's programming: it was shot in a cinéma vérité style, with handheld camera work and entirely on-location shooting. Mackey offered his home, 98 De Grassi Street, as a filming location.

Ida Makes A Movie premiered on CBC Television on December 8, 1979. Over the next couple of years, the network ordered two more short films. By 1982, they ordered five more episodes, developing the series of short films into a television series named The Kids Of Degrassi Street. In 1985, the episode Griff Gets A Hand (which starred future "Wheels" actor Neil Hope as Griff) received an International Emmy for Best Program for Children and Young People.

1986–1990: Degrassi Junior High, Degrassi High, and international success
A new Degrassi series began development in 1986, this time with new characters and centered around the fictional eponymous school near the same street. The first actor to audition for the new Degrassi series was Pat Mastroianni, who would later win the role of Joey Jeremiah. Several of the actors from The Kids Of Degrassi Street would return with new roles, including Neil Hope, Stacie Mistysyn, Anais Granofsky, and Sarah Charlesworth. It was at this time that Playing With Time Inc. started a repertory company, with fifty children selected from auditions. The workshops would be repeated at the beginning of production for each season, as new cast members joined, and existing cast members underwent more advanced workshops. The repertory company also meant that even major characters could be relegated to the background if not the main focus of the episode, which according to Kathryn Ellis, was "nearly unheard-of on other television shows." Conversely, a background character could later be given more lines or a full role.

The cast would have significant input into the writing of their characters, with Schuyler seeking opinions during every read-through, and cast members often talking about their experiences to writer Yan Moore, who would eventually adapt said experiences to their characters. The resulting series, Degrassi Junior High, premiered on CBC on January 18, 1987. The series marked the beginning of the franchise's canon, as characters from this series would appear as adults in later installments. The show also aired on PBS in the United States starting from September 1987. The show would feature one of the franchise's most well-known and influential storylines, in which 14 year old Christine "Spike" Nelson, portrayed by Amanda Stepto, becomes pregnant. The episode in which she discovers her pregnancy, "It's Late", the eleventh episode of the show's first season, would win an International Emmy, for which Emma Nelson, Spike's daughter and central character of the later series, was named. The popularity of the show led to international publicity tours by members of the cast throughout North America and parts of Europe.

Upon its debut, it immediately garnered critical acclaim in Canada, where it was considered to be an alternative to the American sitcoms of the era that were perceived as unrealistic and heavy-handed in their portrayal of societal issues. Although not as well known in the United States, it drew similar praise from the American media. Initially aired on Sundays at 5:00pm, Canadian critics believed the show deserved a better timeslot; Ivan Fecan, then the programming chief for CBC, was also a champion of the series, and had the series moved to primetime on Mondays at 8:30pm, in between Kate & Allie and Newhart. When Fecan called Schuyler to inform her of the move, she reportedly disagreed, feeling that the series wasn't ready for prime time. She eventually agreed to the decision, under the condition that if the move was unsuccessful, the series wouldn't be cancelled and instead be moved back to its original timeslot. After its move to prime time, the viewership increased by 40%, and by August 1988, it had become the highest-rated Canadian-made drama in Canada. The series also premiered in the United Kingdom on BBC1 in 1988, where it drew in a reported six million viewers, making it the highest-rated children's television series in the country and the show's largest audience. However, in spite of a publicity tour by actress Amanda Stepto, controversial episodes from its first season, including those centred on Stepto's character's pregnancy, were aired in a later timeslot on BBC2, and the network did not air its second and third seasons. The series established the franchise's popularity and longevity. By the time its follow-up began, it amassed over a million viewers weekly in Canada. In November 1988, after the premiere of the third and final season of Degrassi Junior High, Linda Schuyler alluded to the potential of a high-school followup when discussing the direction of the franchise with the Montreal Gazette, although she was unsure if it would go forward. It was decided to continue into high school as the actors were becoming older, which would also make way for more controversial topics, including abortion, which was addressed in the series premiere. According to Schuyler: "As the kids get older, the only way we can remain true to this age group is by growing with them. Therefore, the issues get more complex."

In the series finale of Degrassi Junior High, the titular school is destroyed in a fire. To keep the entire cast together, a creative decision was made to move the younger students displaced by the fire to the new school to join those that had already graduated. Conversely, the grade 7 students introduced in the third season of Degrassi Junior High were accelerated to grade 9 for an unspecified reason. To give the series a "harder-edged feel", several older characters were introduced. Reflecting the growing independence of the aging characters, Degrassi High began to give more focus to the characters' lives outside of school, with scenes taking place at nighttime, on the street, or at the characters' jobs. In contrast to Degrassi Junior High, in which the extras were still made known to the viewers, the newer series would include a team of "extra extras", who would simply appear for no other purpose than to fill the background. Degrassi High notably tackled HIV/AIDS, with the character Dwayne Myers (Darrin Brown), and suicide with the character Claude Tanner (David Armin-Parcells).

Despite continued success and demand from CBC, WGBH was finding it increasingly difficult to fund the show from the children's department of PBS, and were forced to back out. Combined with creative exhaustion, it was decided to end Degrassi High after its second season, and filming wrapped in October 1990. In November 1990, Schuyler explained to the Canadian Press that they wanted to end the series "while we were still feeling good about what we were doing." In addition, she noted that most of the cast were occupied with post-secondary education, and that she felt the show had already tackled what they had aimed to. Schuyler informed Ivan Fecan, then the programming chief of CBC and long-time supporter of Degrassi, of their decision to end the series and suggested a feature-length finale as a compromise, which Fecan enthusiastically accepted and offered funding for.

1991–1998: Degrassi Talks, School's Out, and hiatus
During development of the television movie in early 1991, six Degrassi actors – Amanda Stepto, Pat Mastroianni, Stacie Mistysyn, Rebecca Haines, Siluck Saysanasy, and Neil Hope – travelled around Canada to interview teenagers about various health and social issues for the six-part documentary series Degrassi Talks, which aired on CBC in six installments from February 29 to March 30, 1992, each tackling a specific issue that the series had portrayed. Each actor was chosen specifically for their character's relation to each topic. The series was personally funded by then-Minister of Health Benoît Bouchard, who contributed $350,000. The six actors conducted interviews in 26 cities, including bigger and smaller towns. The series also featured archive footage from the series, vox pop interviews and on-screen statistics. While it was well received by critics, it proved less popular with teenage viewers, who felt it to be redundant and at times perpetuating certain stereotypes. Principal photography began on School's Out, the television movie, on July 21, 1991, and it premiered on CBC on January 5, 1992. The movie, which mostly focused on a love triangle between Joey, Caitlin (Mistysyn), and Tessa Campanelli (Kirsten Bourne), garnered a positive, yet mixed reception. It garnered controversy for its unusual characterization of certain popular characters as well as the catastrophic events experienced by other characters. It was also notable for its use of the word "fuck", first said by Stefan Brogren and then Stacie Mistysyn, that are claimed to be the first uses of the word in Canadian television history. Despite the mixed reception, the film drew an estimated 2.3 million viewers: double that of the average audience that Degrassi High received. The movie did not air in the United States until over two years later, when it premiered on PBS on June 20, 1994.

Linda Schuyler and Kit Hood dissolved their partnership in the early 1990s but continued to own Playing With Time. In July 1998, Hood revealed the company was "virtually dormant." He continued to rent the company's former offices as a battered women's shelter, before retiring to Nova Scotia for the remainder of his life. In 1992, Schuyler and Stephen Stohn founded Epitome Pictures, the company which would produce all future Degrassi series. In 1994, Epitome Pictures produced the television movie X-Rated, which centred on a group of young adults living in an apartment complex; the movie starred Stacie Mistysyn. X-Rated was the pilot for the series Liberty Street, which starred Pat Mastroianni and aired on the CBC for two seasons in 1995. In 1997, Epitome Pictures produced the soap opera Riverdale; its set, located on 220 Bartley Drive in Toronto, was re-used as the set for Degrassi: The Next Generation.

1999–2019: Degrassi: The Next Generation and Degrassi: Next Class
In 1999, a televised reunion of the Degrassi Junior High cast took place on the CBC youth show Jonovision, hosted by Jonathan Torrens. The reunion became particularly popular, with the live taping drawing in audience members from as far as San Francisco. The success of the reunion inspired Yan Moore and Linda Schuyler, now running Epitome Pictures, to develop an interest in creating a new Degrassi series by December 1999. They had originally planned to create an unrelated teen drama titled Ready, Willing And Wired. Moore noted that Emma, Spike's daughter, would be entering junior high school by the new millennium, and the show was retooled to centre around Emma and her friends attending Degrassi. Epitome would propose the idea of Degrassi: The Next Generation to CTV in October 2000, and Ivan Fecan, now CEO of CTV's parent company, ordered thirteen episodes of the new show. Filming began on July 3, 2001, and the show premiered on CTV on October 14, 2001.

Although the original Degrassi series were widely popular in Canada, The Next Generation was particularly successful in the United States. During the show's ninth season, the producers were informed in a meeting with CTV executives that the network did not plan to renew the show. At the same time, Stephen Stohn was in talks with TeenNick to produce 48 episodes of a telenovela-style teen show, which he later pitched as the tenth season of Degrassi: The Next Generation. To promote the series on the new network, TeenNick commissioned a promotional music video, set to "Shark in the Water" by V V Brown and themed around a carnival and circus, which contained clues foreshadowing later events of the season. The promo was extremely successful. According to Stephen Stohn, MuchMusic, the network that the series moved to from CTV in Canada, cited the promo as having improved the network's ratings significantly. Season 10 premiered on July 19, 2010, and marked a change in production style to a telenovela/soap opera format, and for the first time, episodes airing in Canada and the United States on the same day. "The Next Generation" was also dropped from the title, which became simply Degrassi.

Degrassi was cancelled after fourteen seasons, and a spin off series called Degrassi: Next Class aired on Netflix for four seasons from 2016 to 2017. Season one was released on Netflix January 15, 2016, and started airing January 4, 2016, on Family's new teen programming block, F2N. Fourteen cast members from season 14 of Degrassi also reprised their roles. On March 7, 2019, Stefan Brogren alluded to the show's cancellation in a tweet. Sara Waisglass, who played Frankie Hollingsworth, recalled to the Toronto Star in 2022 that she was disappointed at the cancellation and recalled: "They never told us anything. We had our contracts and the way it worked was they had to tell you by a certain date if we were picked up or not. We just never heard from them again."

On January 20, 2020, Degrassi co-creator Kit Hood died of a brain aneurysm at his home in Nova Scotia, aged 76.

2022–present: Planned second revival and documentary series
On January 13, 2022, it was announced that HBO Max gave a series order to Degrassi, a new series in the franchise consisting of 10 hour-long episodes set to premiere in 2023. It was announced that the new series would be helmed by Lara Azzopardi and Julia Cohen, who previously wrote the Degrassi: The Next Generation episode "Heat of The Moment." Linda Schuyler, franchise co-creator, and Stephen Stohn, creative partner on The Next Generation, issued a joint statement confirming that they would not be involved in the new series, stating that the "time is perfect to pass the baton" to Azzopardi and Cohen. On February 23, 2022, casting commenced for the series with a search for 13- to 20-year-old youth of all backgrounds. Filming was scheduled to begin July 1, 2022 and end November 30, 2022, However, in August 2022, reports surfaced of the restructuring of HBO Max, which led to fears of the reboot's potential cancellation.

In November 2022, The Wall Street Journal reported that the new Degrassi series would not be moving forward amid the Warner Bros. merger. However, multiple statements from Schuyler and WildBrain have indicated that there are still plans to produce the series; on the day of the cancellation's announcement, WildBrain stated they were "committed to the future of Degrassi" and that "discussions concerning the contract with WarnerMedia are ongoing." In April 2023, Schuyler told the Toronto Star that WildBrain considered the failed HBO deal a "false start." Schuyler maintained her optimism in an August 2023 podcast interview, but revealed that the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike had been impacting plans to go forward.

On 6 December 2023, WildBrain announced a three-part documentary series about the franchise, produced in co-operation with Peacock Alley. The series is set to examine the franchise's 40-year history in depth and features new cast interviews and behind-the-scenes footage. A release date has not yet been announced.

Books and other print media
During The Kids of Degrassi Street's run, a series of eight books based on episodes from the series were published by James Lorimer & Co. The books were written by Linda Schuyler and Kit Hood, with help from Eve Jennings. Two of the books, Casey Draws The Line and Griff Gets A Hand, were later reprinted with an updated cover with a similar style to the Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High books.

Between 1988 and 1992, James Lorimer & Co. published a series of eleven paperback books based on the characters of Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High to accompany the two series. Each book focused on a different character, such as Spike, Joey, Caitlin, Wheels, and Snake, often expanding on their storylines or following new ones entirely. Another novel, Exit Stage Left, was an original story focused on multiple characters. One book, focused on the characters of Arthur Kobalewscuy and Yick Yu, was written, but not released.

To coincide with the debut of Degrassi Talks in February 1992, Boardwalk Books published companion books based on the six episodes. The books, which contain more content than the television series, feature an image the host of the episode, usually while holding camera equipment on the front cover, and a preface written by Degrassi writer Catherine Dunphy, profiling the actor who hosted the episode. The books also feature expanded versions of several interviews seen in the series, as well as other interviews that were not shown in the series due to time constraints. From 2006 to 2007, four graphic novels based on Degrassi: The Next Generation were released as part of the Extra Credit series, with the books centering on the characters Ellie Nash, Emma Nelson, Spinner Mason, and Marco Del Rossi respectively.

There were also several other non-fiction books based on the franchise, including The Official 411: Degrassi Generations, a behind-the-scenes history book written by Degrassi writer and publicist Kathryn Ellis released to celebrate the franchise's 25th anniversary in September 2005, and Growing Up Degrassi: Television, Identity and Youth Cultures, an anthology of scholarly essays on the franchise, edited by Michelle Byers. A memoir by Schuyler, titled The Mother Of All Degrassi, was released on November 15, 2022.

Planned Degrassi: The Next Generation film
During 2005 and 2006, a feature film adaptation of Degrassi: The Next Generation was in development. American filmmaker Kevin Smith, a longtime fan of the franchise, was slated to direct the movie. By September 2005, the film was awaiting a green light from Paramount Pictures, with a script written by Aaron Martin and Tassie Cameron, and was set to begin filming in May 2006. Smith told Playback that he had considered getting Ben Affleck to cameo in the movie, but decided against it. The project eventually came to be unrealized.

In 2022, Smith revealed to Screen Rant that the movie would have heavily centred on Drake's character Jimmy Brooks "getting up and walking." Smith claims that they incorporated elements from the script into a future episode of the television series.

Critical reception
The Degrassi franchise has been critically lauded for virtually its entire existence. The Canadian press was celebratory of Degrassi Junior High 's local and international success, and believed it to be one of the most groundbreaking children's television series of all time; in the lead-up to its American debut, Fred M. Hechinger of the New York Times pondered; "Can teen-agers be won over to entertainment that is not mindless, violent or sexually irresponsible?". In 1989 the series was profiled by John Fisher Burns, also of the New York Times, who asserted it was "remolding the pat-a-cake image of what the industry, with at least some sense of paradox, likes to call  children's television.  Its sequel, Degrassi High, garnered similar praise. In 1990, Lynne Heffley of the Los Angeles Times called Degrassi one of the "gutsiest shows on television." Kelli Pryor of Entertainment Weekly called it the "thirtysomething of the book-bag set."

While met with some skepticism, including from The Ottawa Citizen 's Tony Atherton and The Seattle Times ' Melanie McFarland, Degrassi: The Next Generation also went on to receive critical acclaim. Entertainment Weekly called it "a cult hit", and The New York Times named it "Tha Best Teen TV N da WRLD." AOL TV ranked it as the sixth TV's Biggest Guilty Pleasure.

Authenticity
Linda Schuyler explained to Entertainment Weekly in 2012 that "the show set out to be an authentic — and I use the word authentic very carefully; I don't use the word realistic –- an authentic portrayal of teenage years." Authenticity is regarded as a major tenet of Degrassi's identity, and is a frequent talking point in critical and fan discourse about the franchise''.  In their book Canadian Television Today, Bart Beaty and Rebecca Sullivan wrote how Degrassi touted itself as an "a honest, unflinching look at growing up"; in the book Programming Reality: Perspectives On English-Canadian Television'', Michele Byers wrote that the series is "often heralded as speaking to rather than for young people." Throughout the years, it has commonly been contrasted with similar teen shows produced in the United States that are perceived to value style over substance.

Filmmaker and Degrassi fan Kevin Smith wrote in TV Guide of watching Degrassi Junior High: "These were ordinary-looking … kids like I had been in high school … dealing with real problems—not that 90210 kinda TV problem-crap … I could identify with these kids … These non-glamorous, unpolished, awkward, age-appropriate-for-the-roles actors made me believe that I was a kindred spirit to the characters they played." Degrassi: The Next Generation, while being the most successful of the series and generally considered by many to share the same qualities, is frequently criticized for its higher production value and gradual shift towards soap opera-style sensationalism like that of other teen drama series.

Degrassi is also noted for its casting of real teenagers, as opposed to the common practice of casting much older actors: something often cited when discussing the franchise's authenticity. During development of Degrassi Junior High, Schuyler observed that "so much of the American stuff set in high schools is played by late teens and early 20s – and then some." She further elaborated to IndieWire in 2016: "I like to talk about the fact that you can take a 25-year-old who looks 15 and have them play a role, but that actor is bringing 10 more years of life experience to that role. By having our cast be age-appropriate, they bring the freshness and the authenticity of that age."

Censorship
The franchise has been the subject of numerous controversies and censorships since the 1980s. In the United Kingdom, several episodes of Degrassi Junior High's first season, including the International Emmy award-winning episode "It's Late", were not aired in its regular place on the children's timeslot at 5pm on BBC1 due to complaints from parents that their content "too strong for [young children]", and were instead shown at 6pm on the BBC2 teen block DEF II. The network did not air its second and third seasons.

The two-part premiere of Degrassi High, "A New Start", which centered around a character becoming pregnant and ultimately choosing to get an abortion, aired uncensored in Canada in November 1989, but was edited by PBS for its January 1990 American premiere to remove the episode's final scene depicting said character fighting through anti-abortion picketers outside of a clinic. This decision was met with backlash from the show's producers, with co-creator and director Kit Hood lambasting the network for giving the episode "an American ending, happy, safe but incomplete..." and requested his name be removed from the credits.

In 2004, Noggin's The N block decided to postpone an episode of Degrassi: The Next Generation revolving around abortion, titled "Accidents Will Happen." The two-part episode focused on a character who becomes pregnant and decides to have an abortion. The N's decision prompted backlash from fans. A subsequent petition from fans condemned the decision as "unjust and asinine", and argued that the episode did not espouse any forceful opinions about the subject, and that the fans had the right to watch the series in an uncensored, unaltered form. Conversely, CTV in Canada showed the episode twice.

Reception from LGBT groups
Degrassi's portrayal of LGBT youth was viewed by critics as groundbreaking. Linda Schuyler said that the impetus for the show's inclusion of LGBT themes stemmed from her colleague Bruce Mackey, who was central to the early development in the franchise, and who hid his sexuality from his professional life. Schuyler said: "It made me so sad to see somebody who had to live duplicitously like that, that it kind of has been right from the very beginning of this show, it's been a very important mandate for me."

The tenth season of Degrassi: The Next Generation introduced the female-to-male transgender character Adam Torres, played by Jordan Todosey, who by 2011 was the "only transgender regular or recurring character on scripted television" according to GLAAD. A central episode involving Adam's struggles with dysphoria, "My Body Is a Cage", won a Peabody Award that year.

Legacy and honours
Degrassi has been cited as the potential starting point for the modern television teen drama, and it is said to have influenced shows including Beverly Hills, 90210 and Dawson's Creek. Allegedly, American television producer Aaron Spelling unsuccessfully sought to adapt Degrassi for the American market before producing Beverly Hills, 90210, a story Linda Schuyler and Kit Hood have both denied. The franchise has won numerous Gemini Awards, several Teen Choice Awards and Young Artist Awards, two International Emmys, and a Peabody Award, among other awards and nominations.

Degrassi: The Next Generation became notable for featuring several actors who went on to achieve wider recognition and stardom since their time on the series,  most notably actor-turned-rapper Drake, who played Jimmy Brooks, a basketball star who became physically disabled after he was shot by a classmate. When asked about his early acting career, Drake replied, "My mother was very sick. We were very poor, like broke. The only money I had coming in was [from] Canadian TV." Nina Dobrev, who portrayed Mia Jones in later seasons, went on to star as the lead character of the popular supernatural teen drama television series The Vampire Diaries. The music video to Drake's song "I'm Upset" (2018) features a reunion of the Degrassi: The Next Generation cast.

In 2012, the Degrassi franchise surpassed The Beachcombers as the longest-running Canadian drama by episode count.

Honours
After the death of co-creator Kit Hood in January 2020, a bench with a memorial plaque was installed in various locations important to the original Degrassi series, including Vincent Massey Junior School (the location of Degrassi Junior High) and the Centennial College Story Arts Centre (the location of Degrassi High). In 2021, Hood's daughter Georgia started an online petition to have the laneway behind the former Playing With Time production office named after him.

In December 2023, the franchise was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.

Physical releases
Each DegrassI series has seen home media release over the years. Initially available by mail-order for educational institutions, Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High were given a commercial home video release by WGBH in 2000. Junior High was released on DVD in North America and Australia in 2005, while Degrassi High was released on DVD in North America and Australia in 2007 and 2008 respectively. Each season of Degrassi: The Next Generation was released on DVD by Alliance Atlantis each year throughout the 2000s in big box sets that contained a variety of bonus content, including audition tapes, deleted scenes, and bloopers. These annual DVD releases stopped after season twelve of The Next Generation.

Streaming
Degrassi Junior High, Degrassi High, and Degrassi: The Next Generation have variously been available to stream online over the years, including on Canada Media Fund's Encore+ and the official Degrassi YouTube channel. It was announced in June 2023 that each series, including Kids of Degrassi Street and Degrassi Talks and bar Next Class would be made available on Amazon Prime Canada in July.

title: Degrassi