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Scania N113

The Scania N113 was a transverse-engined step-entrance and low-floor city bus chassis manufactured by Scania between 1988 and 2000.

History

The Scania N113 was designed as a successor to the N112. Most of the single-decker buses and the double-decker buses have a double-curvature windscreen with an arched top. It had an 11-litre engine mounted at the rear, coupled to either a Scania or Voith gearbox. It was available as:
 * a standard-floor single-decker bus (N113CLB/N113CRB)
 * a low-floor single-decker bus (N113CLB-LG/N113CLL/N113CRL)
 * a double-decker bus with two or three axles (N113DRB/3-axle N113)
 * an articulated bus (N113ALB).

United Kingdom
A total of 641 N113s were sold in the United Kingdom, this figure made up of 405 two-axle double-deckers, 194 standard-floor single-deckers and 42 low-floor single-deckers.

The double-deckers were offered with bodywork by Alexander, East Lancs and Northern Counties, while most of the standard-floor single-deckers were bodied by Alexander to their PS and Strider designs, though the Wright Endurance, Plaxton Verde and East Lancs EL2000 were also specified.

London Transport was to be the biggest UK customer for the double-deckers, taking 71 between 1989 and 1992 for its London Northern and East London subsidiaries. Of these, 29 were bodied by Alexander, the other 42 by Northern Counties. Brighton & Hove bought 51 between 1989 and 1998, all with East Lancs bodies. Yorkshire Rider took 42 in 1990 and 1991 (37 with Alexander bodies and five with Northern Counties bodies), while West Midlands Travel took 40 with Alexander bodies in 1990.

Nottingham City Transport would buy 23, while Midland Fox took 20, and Kingston upon Hull City Transport and Mayne Coaches both bought 16. There were also 13 for Northumbria Motor Services, 12 for Newport Transport, and ten each for Busways Travel Services (the former Tyne and Wear PTE undertaking), Cardiff Bus and Liverline of Liverpool. Other customers included Grey-Green, Borehamwood Travel Services, GM Buses, Midland Red North and Derby City Transport.

Busways was the first United Kingdom customer for the standard-floor single-decker in 1989, eventually taking 36, all with Alexander PS bodies. The biggest customer, however, was Yorkshire Rider, which bought 55 with Alexander Strider bodies in 1993 and 1994. Newport took 30 Strider-bodied versions between 1993 and 1997, while GRT Group took 26 with Wright Endurance bodies in 1994/95 for its Midland Bluebird and Lowland Scottish fleets. Cardiff Bus bought 14 with Plaxton Verde bodies in 1992 and a further seven with Strider bodies in 1994, while Nottingham took eight PS-bodied versions in 1990. Among other customers were Yorkshire Traction, Tayside Buses and Stevensons of Uttoxeter.

Of the 42 low-floor single-deckers, 30 Wright Pathfinder bodied examples were bought by London Buses in 1994 for trials at its East London and Leaside Buses subsidiaries. The other 12 carried an East Lancs body marketed jointly as the MaxCi, and of these, five went to Clydeside 2000, four to Midland Red North, and one to Tayside.

Hong Kong
In 1993, Kowloon Motor Bus purchased two Alexander RH-bodied Scania N113 tri-axle double-deckers. The Alexander RH buses all have a double-curvature windscreen with an arched top. They were equipped with Scania DS11-74 engines (274 bhp) and Voith DIWA863 gearboxes.

Another 20 were purchased in 1996, but equipped with Scania's DSC11-24 engine instead of DS11-74. All were withdrawn between 2010 and 2014.

Singapore
Singapore Bus Service took delivery of 200 Alexander PS bodied Scania N113CRB single deckers in 1989/90, 50 of which were air-conditioned and the remaining 150 non air-conditioned. Several of the non air-conditioned buses were retrofitted with air conditioning in 1998/99.

These buses served mainly the eastern parts of Singapore and were predominantly under the control of the Bedok North depot, with a minority at Ang Mo Kio, Braddell and Hougang depots. They were transferred to SBS Transit on 1 November 2001 and retired from 19 August 2008 to 1 May 2009. These buses were repainted between January 2004 and December 2007. Some of them were already replaced by Volvo B10M who in turn replaced by Scania K230UB. The N113CRBs operated on a majority of trunk, feeder and Townlink services in the East.

Australia
Metro Tasmania purchased 147 Ansair bodied N113CRBs between 1989 and 1995.

Replacement
In 1997, Scania introduced its 4-series range of buses, which utilised smaller and cleaner engines in order to comply with Euro2 emission limits. The N113 thus gave way to the low-floor, 9-litre-engined N94. However, N113 double-deckers continued to be sold in the UK until 2000, the last examples being a batch with East Lancs Cityzen bodies built for stock and sold to a variety of small operators. The N94 was eventually introduced to the UK in 2002, in both single-deck and double-deck forms.

For the Hong Kong market, Scania developed the low-floor Scania K94UB 6x2/4 double-decker bus, but only one prototype was built.

title: Scania N113


text:
INS Sindhurakshak (S63)

INS Sindhurakshak (Sanskrit, for Protector of the Seas) was a Russian-made Kilo-class 877EKM (Sindhughosh-class submarine) diesel-electric submarine of the Indian Navy. Commissioned on 24 December 1997, it was the ninth of the ten Kilo-class submarines in the Indian Navy. On 4 June 2010, the Indian Defence Ministry and Zvezdochka shipyard signed a contract worth US$80 million to upgrade and overhaul the submarine. After the overhaul, it returned to India from Russia between May and June 2013.

The submarine suffered a major fire and explosion on 14 August 2013 and sank at Mumbai's naval dockyard with the death of 18 crew members.

Construction
Sindhurakshak was constructed at the Admiralty Shipyard in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Construction of the submarine began in 1995. It was launched in June 1997 and delivered to India in December 1997.

Kargil war (1999)
Sindhurakshak was deployed very close to Karachi, Pakistan during the Kargil War in 1999.

President Kalam (2006)
On 13 February 2006, during the submarine's deployment in Vishakhapatnam under the Eastern Naval Command, the then President of India A. P. J. Abdul Kalam became the first Indian head of state to sail in a submarine. He was given a demonstrative excursion, during which the submarine dived and sailed in the Bay of Bengal for a few hours. He was accompanied by the Chief of Naval Staff Arun Prakash. The submarine was commanded by Commander P S Bisht.

Accident (2010)
A fire broke out aboard Sindhurakshak while the vessel was in Visakhapatnam in February 2010. One sailor was killed and two others were injured. Navy officials reported that the fire had been caused by an explosion in the submarine's battery compartment, which occurred due to a faulty battery valve that leaked hydrogen gas.

Upgrades
After the fire damage in 2010, Sindhurakshak was transported to Russia on board a heavy lift ship from Visakhapatnam in June 2010 for refit, overhaul and upgrade which lasted two and a half years. In August 2010, Sindhurakshak arrived at the Zvezdochka shipyard in Russia. The submarine was modernised, repaired and retrofitted under Project 08773, and after the upgrade, the sea trials started in October 2012. The upgrades included improved electronic warfare systems, an integrated weapon control system and a new cooling system, and were expected to extend the service life of the submarine by ten years. The Club-S (3M54E1 anti-ship and 3M14E land attack) missiles, USHUS sonar, СCS-MK-2 radio communication systems and Porpoise radio-locating radar, and other safety-enhancing features were incorporated. The submarine was handed back to the Indian Navy on 27 January 2013, after which it sailed back to India, under Commander Rajesh Ramkumar. This was the first time an Indian submarine had navigated under ice.

Incident in the Mediterranean
In March 2013, while returning from the refit, Sindhurakshak encountered severe storms in the Mediterranean Sea when it was travelling near Alexandria. This was part of the submarine's extensive three-month-long deployment, where it traveled 10,000 miles. The severity of the storms prevented the Alexandria port authorities from sending a tugboat, and the shallow waters prevented the submarine from diving. An emergency call was placed via the Indian Ministry of External Affairs to the Egyptian Navy, which sent its latest tugboats and towed the submarine to Port Said.

Explosion and sinking (2013)
On 14 August 2013, the Sindhurakshak sank after explosions caused by a fire on board when the submarine was berthed at Mumbai. The fire, followed by a series of ordnance blasts on the armed submarine, occurred shortly after midnight. Though the fire was put out within two hours, due to damage from the explosions, the submarine sank and was partially submerged in 15 metres deep water at its berth, with only a portion of the sail visible above the water surface. Three sailors on board reportedly jumped off to safety. Navy divers were also brought in as there was a possibility that 18 personnel were trapped inside and Defence Minister A. K. Antony confirmed that there were fatalities. Other sources stated that a small explosion occurred around midnight which then triggered the two larger explosions.

Due to the explosion, the front section of the submarine was twisted, bent and crumpled, and water had entered the forward compartment. Another submarine, INS Sindhughosh (S55) was berthed very close to Sindhurakshak in the congested Mumbai naval dockyard; and sustained minor fire damage, though the navy did not release details of the extent of damage. Sindhurakshak's double hull was credited with preventing further damage to surrounding vessels. Official sources at the time said it was "highly unlikely" the submarine could be returned to service. The navy planned to begin salvage operations after the rescue operation was completed. By 19 August, seven bodies had been recovered, with 11 still missing. On 31 August, six of the eleven recovered bodies had been identified and sent home for last rites with military honours.

The Navy's preliminary report indicated that "an accident or inadvertent mishandling of ammunition" was the cause of the explosions; the full incident report would only be completed after the submarine was raised. The salvage contract was awarded on 31 January 2014 to Resolve India, a subsidiary of the US-based Resolve Marine Group. The submarine was brought to the surface on 6 June 2014. In December 2014, a naval court of inquiry arrived at the preliminary conclusion that human error as a result of crew fatigue caused the disaster. A senior officer stated that "the crew was working beyond their prescribed hours. Fatigue and exhaustion may have triggered human error that led to the accident. Standard operating procedures were violated at several levels". A 2017 report by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India quoted the Navy's Board of Inquiry stating that "Submarine authorities concerned didn’t properly assess the crew fatigue, besides, the submarine was holding ammunition nearing life expiry".

Initially, the navy was hopeful of using Sindhurakshak after it was salvaged, but on Navy Day 2015, Vice Admiral Cheema confirmed the Sindhurakshak would be disposed of. After a period of use for the training of marine commandos, the submarine was sunk in 3000 metres of water in the Arabian Sea in June 2017.

Images

 * INS Sindhurakshak sunk at berth
 * Rescue operation being carried out
 * Defence minister A K Antony (second from left) with Chief of Naval Staff D K Doshi (in uniform)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: INS Sindhurakshak (S63)


text:
File:For Real - It's a Natural Thang.jpg

Cover for album It's a Natural Thang by For Real.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


text:
Hyperbolic link

In mathematics, a hyperbolic link is a link in the 3-sphere with complement that has a complete Riemannian metric of constant negative curvature, i.e. has a hyperbolic geometry. A hyperbolic knot is a hyperbolic link with one component.

As a consequence of the work of William Thurston, it is known that every knot is precisely one of the following: hyperbolic, a torus knot, or a satellite knot. As a consequence, hyperbolic knots can be considered plentiful. A similar heuristic applies to hyperbolic links.

As a consequence of Thurston's hyperbolic Dehn surgery theorem, performing Dehn surgeries on a hyperbolic link enables one to obtain many more hyperbolic 3-manifolds.

Examples

 * Borromean rings are hyperbolic.
 * Every non-split, prime, alternating link that is not a torus link is hyperbolic by a result of William Menasco.
 * 41 knot (the figure-eight knot)
 * 52 knot (the three-twist knot)
 * 61 knot (the stevedore knot)
 * 62 knot
 * 63 knot
 * 74 knot
 * 10 161 knot (the "Perko pair" knot)
 * 12n242 knot

title: Hyperbolic link


text: User talk:68.203.142.241

title: User talk:68.203.142.241


text:
Talk:Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV

Untitled
requested to move to King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV Shouldn't it be noted that he spearheaded an island-wide weight loss program when he decided to go on a diet? I feel it's relevant because in the article I read (I think it was in National Geographic) said that most Tongans are overweight. Mike H 07:01, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC) The proposal to move is unsigned. Apparently it came from the notorious Antares911.2 July 2005 09:53 (UTC)
 * Respect to His Majesty

Move
Titles generally aren't moved to their title. See Queen Elizabeth, all of them are not under the Queen title but under their name. Falphin 22:58, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Such move (=renaming) is unnecessary, against established policy here in wiki, makes the heading more complex, and besides appears sycophantic. 217.140.193.123 2 July 2005 09:53 (UTC)

"of Tonga"?
Shouldn't the article name end with "of Tonga" to match other Wiki monarch articles? --Jfruh 06:46, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

How about noting/explaining some of the controversy surrounding the Tongan Royals? Jon.

Death
Due to his death I have removed the BLP part of the biography template. Academic Challenger 21:59, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Title
Please move this article so that the title includes "of Tonga", as per Naming conventions (names and titles). It makes Wikipedia look incredibly amateurish when it doesn't even follow its own policies. 86.136.215.124 22:48, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Naming conventions (names and titles) states that:
 * Most of the conventions below are intended for medieval and modern European and Muslim rulers and nobility, since in these civilizations several countries share the same given names, so some disambiguation is often required, and disambiguation by territorial designation is convenient. Elsewhere, territorial designations are usually unnecessary in names and in article titles.
 * The "of Tonga" is not needed. Joshua Chiew 11:06, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

 * There are very many articles on European and Muslim rulers past and present where their particular names and regnal numbers are unique, but we still preemptively disambiguate these articles for consistency. The recently deceased king's mother, Salote Tupou III, has "of Tonga" in the title of her article. Clearly you aren't willing to apply the policy consistently, even as you interpret it, so shove it. 86.143.239.2 18:54, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I support a name change, but please no personal attacks. T REX speak 01:03, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Death of the king
prehaps there should be something in the artical to honor the kings passing as he died today. I noticed that this occurance had already been added to the page, yet no mention was made of the date. He was a very influental person in world politics and is death will have great inplications for the stability of the tongan monarchy, which has been in threat of democracy for the last decade. also, i cant seem to find any information of the illegal marrige, then suicide, of his son. if anyone can tell me where I might find this information, please use my user talk page.

RoNa_CaBiLlO

Ronacabillo 00:49, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia does not really put special tributes to people in their articles, no matter how influential. However, the deaths of well-known people do tend to lead people to add more information to their articles. I guess that would be the best way you could celebrate him. The illegal marriage of his son is mentioned, but the suicide is not. If you have a source for this, you can add that yourself, if it is in fact true. Academic Challenger 03:44, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Weight progression etc.
Here's a compilation of the King's weight for different times I've found in various sources (mostly Guinness and geography books). Now, the article hardly needs to go this far in detail, but perhaps this could serve some purpose as a reference of sorts.

As for the units, the ones mentioned first are the ones I know or believe to be the original figures.

According to Guinness his height was 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m). He was listed under the category "heaviest monarch" – indeed, I find it unlikely that there has ever been a heavier head of state. He was also listed as "oldest (living) monarch", starting from the 1995 edition – though I'm not entirely sure who was his predecessor on this. King Olav V of Norway? Note that if Malietoa Tanumafili II of Samoa (oldest head of state since Joaquín Balaguer's last term) is considered to be a monarch, Guinness was mistaken. Otherwise the current oldest should be Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.

As for his sports background, I remember a Finnish newspaper article on Paea Wolfgramm's silver medal at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta saying that the King was still the national recordholder in pole vault (!) – I suppose that it had lasted for a while by then.

Wasn't he the first head of state to give a speech at the Millennium? Not sure if that deserves a mention.

--Anshelm '77 22:06, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Surfing
There is a famous photo of the king surfing (a pastime of Polynesian royals across the Pacific), in his younger years. This could be added to the article. 24.223.167.112 17:41, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Do so, but verify copyrights first, as usual. --Tauʻolunga 20:10, 12 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Link to it from the talk page, I'd be willing to verify it for you. --  Zanimum 16:52, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

Tony Horwitz's book "Blue Latitudes"
In his popular book, Tony Horwitz has a chapter on Tonga. In it, he recounts a strange, hour-plus long one-on-one interview he had with Topou IV. It's very interesting and merits mention and reference here. I don't have time just now, but I'll add it if no one else wants to. Bigmac31 00:13, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:King-Tonga.jpg
Image:King-Tonga.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 18:29, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

military
Shouldn't something be mentioned about his invasion of the Island Republic of Minerva in the 1970's? If Minerva has a wikipedia page, then the King's invasion of it should be mentioned on the king's page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.241.126.254 (talk) 18:25, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
 * To call it an invasion would be inappropriate. The Republic of Minerva was a micronation, with no standing in international law, and the removal of the people on it was not a notable event. The incident is mentioned in Foreign relations of Tonga and in the main Tonga article, mostly because there is a conflicting claim by Fiji rather than because of the micronation. While a proclamation was issued in the King's name, I am not aware that he was personally involved, and this article should not include every event involving Tonga during his reign.- gadfium 21:04, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV


text:
Lewis Urry

Lewis Frederick Urry (January 29, 1927 – 1927:1:29, October 19, 2004) was a Canadian-American chemical engineer and inventor. He invented both the alkaline battery and lithium battery while working for the Eveready Battery company.

Life
Urry was born January 29, 1927, in Pontypool, Ontario, and graduated with a degree in chemical engineering from the University of Toronto in 1950, having previously spent time serving in the Canadian army. He went to work for Eveready Battery a few months after graduating. He was married to Beverley Ann (died 1993) and they had 3 sons and 2 daughters. He died October 19, 2004, and is buried in Butternut Ridge Cemetery, in Eaton Township, Ohio.

Career
In 1955, Urry was dispatched to the company's laboratory in Parma, Ohio, in order to discover a way of extending the lifespan of the zinc-carbon battery. The low longevity of these batteries had been seriously damaging sales. Urry realized that developing a new battery would be more cost-effective than developing the old ones further.

Throughout the 1950s, many engineers had experimented with alkaline batteries, but nobody had been able to develop a longer-running battery which was worth the higher cost of production. Urry, after testing a number of materials, discovered that manganese dioxide and solid zinc worked well coupled with an alkaline substance as an electrolyte. His main problem was that the battery could not provide enough power. Urry managed to overcome this problem by using powdered zinc.

On October 9, 1957, Lewis Urry, Karl Kordesch, and P.A. Marsal filed US patent (2,960,558) for this revolutionary alkaline dry cell battery with a powdered zinc gel anode. It was granted on November 15, 1960, and assigned to Union Carbide Corporation.

In order to sell the idea to his managers, Urry put the battery in a toy car and raced it round the canteen against a similar car with one of the older batteries. His new invention had many times the durability, and Eveready began production of Urry's design in 1959.

In 1980, the brand was renamed Energizer. Modern alkaline batteries, due to technological improvements, can last as much as 40 times longer than the original prototype.

In 1999, Urry gave his first prototype battery, along with the first commercially produced cylindrical battery, to the Smithsonian Institution. Both cells are now displayed in the same room as Edison's light bulb.

title: Lewis Urry


text:
Strap

A strap, sometimes also called strop, is an elongated flap or ribbon, usually of leather or other flexible materials.

Thin straps are used as part of clothing or baggage, or bedding such as a sleeping bag. See for example spaghetti strap, shoulder strap. A strap differs from a belt mainly in that a strap is usually integral to the item of clothing; either can be used in combination with buckles.

Straps are also used as fasteners to attach, secure, carry, or bind items, to objects, animals (for example a saddle on a horse) and people (for example a watch on a wrist), or even to tie down people and animals, as on an apparatus for corporal punishment. Occasionally a strap is specified after what it binds or holds, e.g. chin strap. Webbing is a particular type of strap that is a strong fabric woven as a flat strip or tube that is also often used in place of rope. Modern webbing is typically made from exceptionally high-strength material and is used in automobile seat belts, furniture manufacturing, transportation, towing, military uniform, cargo fasteners, and many other fields.

Components

 * Strap loop
 * Strap union
 * Strap fitting

Packaging
The strap is commonly used in the packaging industry to secure or fasten items. It may be made from a wide range of materials, such as plastic, steel, paper, or fabric. Usually, the strap is secured to itself through various means, but it may also be secured to other items, such as pallets.

title: Strap


text:
Rock music in Slovenia

Rock and roll is a musical genre from the United States, popularized worldwide beginning in the 1950s. Though rock had become popular earlier, it was not until the mid-1980s breakthrough of Laibach, who are now internationally renowned, that Slovenian rock became well-known. Other well-known Slovenian rock bands include Hic et Nunc, whose 1998 tour of the United States brought even more international attention to Slovenian rock.

In Yugoslavia, Slovenia was the center for punk rock. The best-known representatives of this genre were Pankrti, Niet, Lublanski Psi, Čao Pičke, Via Ofenziva, Tožibabe, and Otroci Socializma.

Popular rock artists, largely unknown outside the country, are: Lačni Franz (Zoran Predin), Šank Rock, Big Foot Mama, Zaklonišče Prepeva, Siddharta, Vlado Kreslin, Niet, Mi2, Buldožer, Carpe Diem, Dan D, Društvo mrtvih pesnikov, Elvis Jackson (ska punk), Orlek, Avtomobili, Pink Panker, Joker Out and others.

Slovenian neofolk/martial industrial band Laibach are also sometimes mentioned as the most known Slovenian "rock" band.

title: Rock music in Slovenia


text:
Resident magistrate

A resident magistrate is a title for magistrates used in certain parts of the world, that were, or are, governed by the British. Sometimes abbreviated as RM, it refers to suitably qualified personnel—notably well versed in the law—brought into an area from outside as the local magistrate, typically to be the guiding hand amongst other lay magistrates.

In colonial history, resident magistrates have had gubernatorial functions in a few minor, isolated colonial settlements, such as:
 * Ascension, as dependency of Saint Helena; post filled by managers of Eastern Telegraph/Cable and Wireless since 1922 (previously under a commanding officer), replaced since June 1964 by an Administrator
 * Walvisbaai, only two incumbents shortly after the 12 March 1878 annexation by Britain as Walvis Bay protectorate, first under a captain; annexation confirmed 14 December 1878:
 * 1 June 1878 – November 1880 D. Erskine
 * November 1880 – 7 August 1884 Benjamin Musgrave, staying on as Magistrate

Resident magistrates' courts remain in operation as one of the divisions of the judiciary of Jamaica, hearing civil and criminal cases in each parish of the island.

In Ireland
In pre-independence Ireland, a Resident Magistrate was a stipendary magistrate appointed to a county (outside of the Dublin Metropolitan Police District) to sit among the justices of the peace at Petty Sessions in that county. They were appointed by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (in reality, therefore, by the Dublin Castle administration in Ireland).

Role
The role of resident magistrate was created on a somewhat trial basis in 1814, and extended to the entire country by the Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1836. The resident magistrate was supposed to sit amongst the justices at Petty Sessions—the courts of summary jurisdiction in pre-independence Ireland—and guide the justices to apply the law impartially. In reality they came to preside at Petty Sessions, and even sit alone without justices. RMs did not need to be legally trained in pre-independence Ireland, and many were ex-British Army officers. The "Resident" referred to the requirement that the magistrate live in the county to which he was assigned.

The role was often criticised as being under the influence of the Dublin Castle administration, and Irish politicians often cited the "RM" as really standing for "Removable Magistrate", since they held office at the Lord Lieutenant's pleasure and could be removed.

In some parts of western counties in the later 1800s at the time of the Famine, and then the Land War, it became hard to find enough suitably-educated local magistrates, and so an RM could be sent to help them. He was salaried and they were volunteers.

After Irish independence
The office of RM was unique in the United Kingdom to Ireland, and in the 20th century, led to the modern position in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland whereby courts of summary jurisdiction (the District Court in the Republic and Magistrates' Courts in Northern Ireland), are composed of legally qualified district judges sitting alone. This is in sharp contrast to England and Wales where magistrates courts mainly consist of benches of three lay justices and there are only a minority of paid district judges (magistrates' courts). In Scotland Justice of the Peace Courts are also primarily staffed by lay magistrates.

Republic of Ireland
In the part of Ireland that was to become the Irish Free State, Petty Sessions could not be held for many years due to the Irish War of Independence, restricting the role of the RMs. On 23 August 1922, the Provisional Government of Ireland placed all of the RMs on leave, and at the end of September 1922 it terminated all commissions of the peace, effectively dismissing all the RMs and justices of the peace. This was not quite the end of the office of Resident Magistrate, as it then proceeded to appoint 27 solicitors and barristers to the post. Although appointed to the position of Resident Magistrate, the Provisional Government only publicly described these individuals as District Justices, and brought in legislation in 1923 (the District Justices (Temporary Provisions) Act 1923) to officially change the name of the position. The Courts of Justice Act 1924 finally abolished the office and transferred its jurisdiction to the District Court of Justice. The Justices of the District Court continued to be popularly called District Justices until the position was renamed Judge of the District Court (or District Judge) in 1991.

Northern Ireland
The position continued as before in Northern Ireland until 1935, when the Summary Jurisdiction and Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) was passed. From then on Resident Magistrates had to be legally qualified solicitors or barristers in Northern Ireland of at least six years' standing. Petty Sessions (which later became known as Magistrates' Courts) would henceforth consist solely of a resident magistrate sitting alone. Since the passing of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002, two lay magistrates sit with the district judge in Youth Court (criminal proceedings involving children) and Family Proceedings Court (family law) matters, but the judge still sits alone in other matters. Where lay magistrates sit with the judge, the judge presides and guides the lay magistrates in the law. The position was renamed District Judge (Magistrates Court) in 2008.

In popular culture
The book Some Experiences of an Irish RM by Edith Somerville and Violet Florence Martin, published in 1899 focused on a fictional Irish RM, Major Yeates. Two sequels were written and a TV programme, The Irish R.M., produced by RTÉ and UTV, which ran between 1983 and 1985.

Western Australia
Governor James Stirling introduced the position of the Resident Magistrate or the government resident in the early 1830s as a means of assisting the Perth centre in the administration of the various and the small and distant settlements located throughout the Swan River Colony. Those appointed were usually prominent local farmers or businessmen as well as men who had some military background. As the representative of the Colonial Government, the Resident Magistrate was considered to be very powerful in the district and it was a position of certain status.

Although not a fulltime position the Resident Magistrates 'were expected to maintain law and order; register births, marriages and deaths; control and protect the Aborigines; care for public buildings and works; and supervise all other government officers in the district, if there were any, or otherwise perform the work of all branches of government themselves as required'.

They acted as the Chairmen of the local Courts of Petty Sessions and Small Debts, and from 1863 were given the legal authority to determine court cases alone.

Deputy magistrate
When the Caprivi Strip (formerly German Barotse- or Zambezi-land, in present Namibia) which had been administered by British Military Administrators since 21 September 1914 formally came under the administration of the British high commissioners for Southern Africa, the last Military Administrator stayed on as the first of only two Deputy magistrates, the highest British colonial official actually resident in the Strip:

 * 1 January 1921 – c.1924 H. Neale
 * 1940 – 1951 Lyall French Trollope

title: Resident magistrate


text:
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title: Template:Evidence


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True Story

True Story may refer to:

Film and television

 * True Story (film), a 2015 film
 * True Story (miniseries), a 2021 limited American television series
 * True Story with Hamish & Andy, a 2017-2018 Australian television series
 * True Story with Ed and Randall, a 2022 American adaptation; see List of Peacock original programming
 * The True Story, documentary series

Music

 * True Story (album), a 2004 album by Terror Squad
 * True Story, a 2007 album by Timaya
 * True Story, a 2011 mixtape by Future
 * "True Story" (song), by Ariana Grande, 2024

Writing

 * True Story (magazine), an American magazine founded in 1919
 * A True Story, a satirical novel by Lucian of Samosata that is sometimes considered the oldest work of science fiction
 * True Story: A Novel, a 1994 book by Bill Maher

title: True Story


text: Category:Slovenian musical groups

title: Category:Slovenian musical groups


text:
It's a Natural Thang

It's a Natural Thang is the first album by R&B group For Real, released on March 22, 1994 (see 1994 in music).

Track listing

 * 1) "Easy to Love" (Necia Bray, John Hess) – 4:35
 * 2) "Where Did Your Love Go?" (Bray, Hess, Huey Jackson) – 4:42
 * 3) "You Don't Wanna Miss" (Sherree Ford-Payne, Wendell Wellman) – 3:48
 * 4) "Just a Matter of Time" (Ray Cham, For Real) – 6:26
 * 5) "Li'l Bit" (Cham, For Real) – 5:10
 * 6) "Don't Wanna Love You Now" (Bray) – 5:03
 * 7) "You Don't Know Nothin'" (Hallerin Hilton Hill, Mervyn Warren) – 3:57
 * 8) "With This Ring (Say Yes)" (For Real, John Howcott, Emanuel Officer, Donald Parks) – 5:18
 * 9) "D'yer Mak'er" (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 5:15
 * 10) "The Harder I Try" (Bray) – 4:21
 * 11) "I Like" (Fil Brown, N'Dea Davenport, Tony Robinson) – 4:43
 * 12) "Thinking of You" (For Real, Annie Roboff) – 4:56
 * 13) "The Prayer" – 0:30

Personnel

 * Alex Al – bass guitar
 * Gerald Albright – bass guitar, saxophone
 * Marc Antoine – guitar
 * George Archie – drums
 * Francis Bacon – bass guitar
 * Buddy Black – guitar
 * Fil Brown – guitar, drums, keyboard
 * Jonathan Buck – piano
 * Ray Cham – piano, keyboard, multiple instruments
 * Paulinho Da Costa – percussion
 * Derrick Edmondson – saxophone
 * David Ervin – keyboards, synthesizer programming
 * For Real – background vocals
 * Dave Foreman – guitar
 * Jason Hess – multiple instruments
 * John Howcott – keyboard
 * Tim May – guitar
 * Brian McKnight – strings, keyboard
 * Donald Parks – keyboard
 * Tony Robinson – keyboard
 * Annie Roboff – multiple instruments
 * Tory Ruffin – guitar
 * Sol Survivor – keyboard, multiple instruments
 * Art Zamora – guitar

Production
 * Producers: Necia Bray, Fil Brown, Ray Cham, For Real, Jason Hess, John Howcott, Brian McKnight, Marc Nelson, Emanuel Officer, Donald Parks, Tony Robinson, Annie Roboff, Sol Survivor, Stoker, Mervyn Warren, Wendell Wellman
 * Executive producers: Herb Jordan, Mark Mazzetti
 * Engineers: Paul Arnold, Fil Brown, Milton Chan, Kenny Jackson, Rob Russell, Tony Shepperd, Stoker, Louie Teran
 * Assistant engineers: Baraka, Tom Mahn, Brian Pollack, Dominique Schafer, Raymond Silva, Brian Young
 * Mixing: Ray Cham, Barney Perkins, Tony Shepperd, Stoker, Mervyn Warren, Dave Way
 * Mixing assistants: Milton Chan, Marc Frigo
 * Mastering: Dave Collins
 * Digital editing: Dave Collins
 * Programming: Jason Hess
 * Vocal arrangement: Necia Bray, Ray Cham, For Real, Sherree Ford-Payne, Jason Hess, Brian McKnight, Emanuel Officer, Annie Roboff
 * Art direction: Sandy Brummels, Richard Frankel
 * Photography: Victoria Pearson
 * Make-up: Kim Davis
 * Clothing/wardrobe: Debrae Little

title: It's a Natural Thang


text: Talk:It's a Natural Thang

title: Talk:It's a Natural Thang


text:
Talk:Enschede fireworks disaster

Untitled
I came across this video at ebaumsworld: http://www.ebaumsworld.com/fireworkfactory.html

Could this be the Enschede Disaster? What I'm looking at is the building with the zigzag roof, near the end of the video. It looks just like the building pictured here: http://www.itc.nl/personal/hofstee/images/firework/fire860609s6.jpg

It seems certain that this is a video of the Enschede explosion, but I want to be absolutely sure.PiccoloNamek 08:16, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * This is 100% Enschede. I've seen it on television and SBS6 is a Dutch tv station. TheRaven 13:02, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thought so, especially when I heard the man speaking at the end. However, I needed to be absolutely sure. I'll go ahead and add the link on the main page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by PiccoloNamek (talk • contribs)

Video
Were the guys who took this video injured or killed in the explosion? --67.161.117.214 01:35, 18 April 2007 (UTC)
 * He died at the second explosion —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.127.20.161 (talk • contribs) 11:50, 14 May 2007

He didn't! I saw him live on television yesterday. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.119.175.103 (talk) 07:55, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

Moved from Vuurwerkramp
http://www.rnw.nl/hotspots/html/enschede000523.html http://www.rnw.nl/hotspots/html/enschede010511.html

No, he was in the documentary of the disaster made by Discovery Channel. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.136.245.159 (talk) 13:12, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

discrepancy
There is a discrepancy of 1 death between this article and the Enschede page itself. Here says 22, there says 23. Which is correct? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.12.51.217 (talk) 18:35, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
 * The official death count is 23; one body was never found. (That is the simple story; some accounts suggest that one body was lost!) Harald88 (talk) 14:02, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

Puzzling statement on this page
This page says, and I quote, "About 1,500 homes were damaged or destroyed, leaving 1,250 people homeless". This is misleading. Were 250 of these homes unoccupied at the time, and indeed were all the other 1,250 occupied only by single people? I don't believe it. I dono't have the relevant data so that I can't correct this statement myself. I merely point out that this looks incorrect and if it is true then it needs a more comprehensive explanation. The answer is probably that many of the damaged houses were not actually rendered uninhabitable, but this needs to be explained and the statement as it appears on the page is too short and extremely confusing.

 * A large number of the 1500 were merely damaged and not destroyed. The 1250 people came from a smaller number of homes that were completely destroyed. 212.178.69.130 (talk) 09:31, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

TonyinOttawa99999 (talk) 19:38, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

 * also, the exact number is vague, as some of the houses were sublet to students who weren't registered at the addresses (I used to live in one such that was damaged, not destroyed until graduation a few years before the disaster. e.g. the building I lived in was officially a shop but over the shop were apartments for 4 students, this would have been listed as a house but the people in it not part of the official numbers most likely as they were often not registered as living at that address). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:980:2C0B:1:F4E6:5F8E:D156:477B (talk) 06:54, 27 May 2014 (UTC)

Scale of destruction
The article currently states that a 500-square-metre area was destroyed. That would be 20 * 25 meters! Or did you mean 500 * 500 meters ? That's quite an error. The latter is 250,000 m2 or 25 hectares. --93.106.210.171 (talk) 20:13, 5 September 2009 (UTC)

Controversy not mentioned
The amount of controversy around the disaster is not reflected in this article. Notable, irregularities during the several investigations left us with 3 state secrets. The local news broadcaster is keeping a file on the affair, as it has been dragging on for 13 years (dutch). http://www.rtvoost.nl/dossiers/default.aspx?cat=514 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.241.142.45 (talk) 21:49, 17 April 2014 (UTC)

Disaster time 13:00 incorrect
Note that the disaster time as mentioned in the article (13:00GMT) is incorrect. It should be 14:30. But I only have sources in Dutch, don't know if that's OK / sufficient to correct it in the article? Sietske (talk) 03:41, 18 May 2018 (UTC)

Hindsight bias, also known as the knew-it-all-along phenomenon
After I've repeatedly come across the hindsight bias, I felt it might be relevant in the context of the present Wikipedia article. According to the hindsight bias, people overestimate in retrospect the likelihood, foreseeability and/or inevitability of an event, and obviously a study has even found it in Wikipedia articles on catastrophes/ accidents: doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0865-7 That's why I was wondering whether hindsight bias might have entered into this article as well (i.e., whether the disaster is presented as more predictable and inevitable than it actually was from the foresight perspective, i.e., without outcome knowledge. According to researchers, the hindsight bias can be countered by deliberately taking information into account that would have argued against the outcome – obviously, the hindsight bias results from a retrospective one-sided focus on information that is consistent with the event while ignoring or not taking seriously information that is inconsistent with it (i.e., would have argued for another outcome). So maybe it would be good to check again and make sure that event-inconsistent information was not overlooked?--2A02:810D:1300:38E5:64FF:4320:ABEE:49DE (talk) 19:28, 4 December 2019 (UTC)

Introduction
"Footage of the disaster was featured in a 2009 episode of the Discovery Channel show Destroyed in Seconds." - why is this important enough to be featured in the introduction?

"Enschede was built around the S.E. Fireworks factory, which was the only one in the Netherlands to be located in a residential area." -> Later in this article it's stated that not the whole town on Enschede, but only this neighborhood in particular grew to enclose the factory. Enschede itself was founded long before 1300.--Vollprofi (talk) 21:31, 13 May 2020 (UTC)
 * , you're right about the first sentence, it's completely WP:UNDUE and honestly doesn't need to be mentioned anywhere, much less in the lead. The second point seems to be mostly semantics and I don't really see the issue, so I've left it as is.  Angry Harpy   talk 09:42, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Enschede fireworks disaster


text:
Ron Chippindale

Ronald Chippindale (26 March 1933 – 12 February 2008) was the Chief Inspector of Air Accidents in charge of the New Zealand Office of Air Accidents Investigations.

Early life and family
Born in Kettering, Northamptonshire, England, on 26 March 1933, Chippindale was the son of George Frederick Chippindale, an engineer in the Royal Air Force, and Irene Eulalia Chippindale (née Neall). The family moved to New Zealand in 1938, and Ron Chippindale was educated at Rangiora High School.

In 1954, Chippindale married June Rosemary Spackman, and the couple went on to have four children.

RNZAF career
Chippindale was a pilot for the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) from 1951 to 1974, flying transport and training aircraft. He was a qualified flight instructor and spent over eight years in Defence Flight Safety before retiring (as a squadron leader) after 23 years of service. He was a graduate of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.

Inspector of Air Accidents
On retirement from the RNZAF, Chippindale was appointed as an Inspector of Air Accidents in 1974 and in 1975 became Chief Inspector of Air Accidents in charge of the New Zealand Office of Air Accidents Investigations.

During this time period, he was the investigator-in-charge of 48 aircraft and rail accidents and incidents, and had overall responsibility for the investigation of approximately 400 accidents and incidents. He was involved in several major aircraft accident investigation such as being the chief investigator of the November 1979 Mount Erebus Disaster, the DC-10 accident in Antarctica in which 257 lives were lost. He was responsible for the official accident report for this disaster and concluded the accident was a result of pilot error. This biased conclusion was controversial and a Royal Commission was established presided over by Justice Peter Mahon QC. Mahon's report cleared the crew and blamed the company for altering the programmed flight plan without informing the crew. As part of the report Chippindale was described as having a poor grasp of the flying involved in jet airline operation, as he (and the New Zealand Civil Aviation Authority - CAA in general) was typically involved in investigating simple light aircraft crashes. Chippindale's investigation techniques were revealed as lacking in rigour, which allowed errors and avoidable gaps in knowledge to appear in reports. Consequently, Chippindale entirely missed the importance of the flight plan change and the rare meteorological conditions of Antarctica.

When the Office was abolished in 1990, he was appointed Acting Chief Executive Officer and Chief Inspector of Air Accidents in the Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC), which replaced the Office of Air Accidents Investigation. In 1992, when a Chief Executive was appointed, Chippindale became the Chief Inspector of Accidents with the TAIC, an appointment he retained until his retirement on 31 October 1998.

He was a member of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) teams, which investigated the Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 air disaster in South Africa in which the President of Mozambique lost his life, and the shooting down of three civil aircraft: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 over Russia and two United Nations (UN) Lockheed L-100 Hercules aircraft in Angola.

Chippindale represented New Zealand at Accident Investigation Group meetings of ICAO and drafted the ICAO circular on the provision of "Family Assistance" after an aircraft accident. He was also the New Zealand Councillor to the International Society of Air Accident Investigators and a transport accident investigation consultant.

Honours and awards
In 1990, Chippindale received the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In 2004, he was awarded the Jerome F Lederer award for outstanding lifetime contributions in the field of aircraft accident investigation and prevention and achievement of the International Society of Air Safety Investigators' Objectives and technical excellence. In March 2007, Chippindale was one of 22 people who received a New Zealand Special Service Medal (Erebus) at a ceremony in Wellington. The medal was awarded for the work in what became known as "Operation Overdue".

Death
On 12 February 2008, while out on an early morning walk near his home in Porirua, 20 km north of Wellington, Chippindale was hit by an out-of-control car and was killed instantly.

At the time of his death, Chippindale was an adjunct lecturer teaching "Aircraft Safety Investigations" in a three-paper series extramurally (by correspondence) at Massey University School of Aviation.

title: Ron Chippindale


text: Category:For Real albums

title: Category:For Real albums


text:
Kenji Utsumi

Kenji Utsumi (内海 賢二) was a Japanese actor and voice actor from Kitakyushu, affiliated with the self-founded Ken Production.

He was best known for his roles in Sally the Witch (1966) (as Sally's Papa), Fist of the North Star (as Raoh and Kaioh), Dr. Slump Arale-chan (as Senbei Norimaki), the Dragon Ball series (as Shenlong, Commander Red, Reacoom and the Tenkaichi Budōkai announcer), Fullmetal Alchemist (as Alex Louis Armstrong) and Hajime no Ippo (as Coach Kamogawa). He was also known for dubbing over the voices of actors Carl Weathers, Steve McQueen, Jack Nicholson, Sammy Davis, Jr., Victor Mature and Robert Shaw in the Japanese-language editions of their films.

He received a lifetime achievement award at the third Seiyu Awards.

Personal life
He was married to fellow voice actor Michiko Nomura until his death.

Death
He died from peritoneal cancer at 3:01 PM in JST on June 13, 2013.

Television animation

 * 1963
 * Wolf Boy Ken (One-Eyed Jack)
 * 1965
 * Uchuu Patrol Hopper (Aian)
 * Space Ace (Ibo)
 * 1966
 * Yusei Kamen (Sutekkyi)
 * Mahōtsukai Sally (Maou)
 * 1967
 * Ogon Bat (Mazo)
 * Speed Racer (Detective Rokugo)
 * Bōken Shōnen Shadar (Gosuta)
 * 1968
 * Kyojin no Hoshi (Fumio Fujimura)
 * Cyborg 009 (Albert Heinrich/004)
 * Sabu to Ichi Torimono Hikae (Kijuro)
 * 1969
 * Kurenai Sanshiro (Narrator)
 * 1973
 * Zero Tester (Gallos Musha)
 * Shinzo Ningen Casshan (BuraiKing Boss)
 * 1975
 * Ganba no Bōken (Yoisho)
 * Uchū no Kishi Tekkaman (Chief Tenchi)
 * 1976
 * Magnos The Robot (Mamoru Kagetsu, Emperor Isar)
 * 1977
 * Chō Denji Machine Voltes V (General Do Bergan)
 * Shin Kyojin no Hoshi (Big Bill Thunder)
 * 1978
 * Lupin III: Part II (African National Jail Chief, Chantie)
 * Tōshō Daimos (Barandoku)
 * 1979
 * The Ultraman (Daisuke Oogawara)
 * Animation Kikō Marco Polo no Bōken (Jafadi)
 * Heroes of Tomorrow (Director Matsumoto)
 * Entaku no Kishi Monogatari: Moero Arthur (Guster, Labick)
 * The Rose of Versailles (General de Jarjeyes)
 * 1980
 * Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Joe Ianjean)
 * Don de la Mancha (Don Quixote de la Mancha)
 * Dracula: Sovereign of the Damned (Dracula)
 * New Tetsujin-28 (Space Demon King)
 * 1981
 * Dr. Slump (Senbei Norimaki)
 * Dasshu Kappei (Joe Cocker)
 * 1982
 * Don Dracula (Don Dracula)
 * Space Adventure Cobra (Tavege)
 * 1983
 * Mirai Keisatsu Urashiman (Brynner, Keiji Koronda)
 * Paaman (Don Ishikawa)
 * Cat's Eye (Chief)
 * 1984
 * Higeyo Saraba (Kuro Hige)
 * Twin Hawks (Akemi Hanazono)
 * Fist of the North Star (Raoh)
 * 1985
 * Touch (Eiichirou Kashiwaba)
 * Pro Golfer Saru (Mister X)
 * Shōwa Ahōzoshi Akanuke Ichiban! (B. B. Mask, Kyouroku Ichinose)
 * Highschool! Kimengumi (Yukio Hirayama)
 * 1986
 * Dragon Ball (Shenlong, Tenkaichi Budōkai Announcer, Commander Red, Senbei Norimaki, Mutaito)
 * Seishun Anime Zenshu (Boushi no Borei)
 * Coral Reef Legend: Elfie of the Blue Sea (Charisma)
 * 1987
 * Fist of the North Star 2 (Kaioh)
 * The Story of Fifteen Boys (Warston)
 * 1988
 * Tatakae!! Ramenman (Tosatsuki Gyokuou)
 * Soreike! Anpanman (Kurayamiman)
 * Saint Seiya (Odin)
 * 1989
 * Dragon Ball Z (Shenlong, Reacoom)
 * Mahōtsukai Sally (Daimao)
 * Warau Salesman (Mamoru Kigami)
 * Magical Hat (Jack)
 * 1990
 * Dragon Quest (Ortega)
 * 1991
 * Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken (The Dark King Vearn)
 * 1994
 * Akazukin Cha Cha (Clyde)
 * Tottemo! Luckyman (Earthquake Man)
 * 1995
 * Street Fighter II V (M. Bison/Vega)
 * 1997
 * Lupin III: Island of Assassins (Gold)
 * Berserk (Zodd the Immortal)
 * 1998
 * Cowboy Bebop (Appledelhi) (ep. 24)
 * Saber Marionette J to X (Kamatarou Hanagata)
 * 1999
 * Flint: The Time Detective (Leonardo da Vinci)
 * Angel Links (Duuz)
 * Monster Rancher (Rau Leader)
 * Weekly Story Land (Narrator)
 * 2000
 * Shinzo (Insect King Dokkaku)
 * Hajime no Ippo (Genji Kamogawa)
 * 2001
 * Rune Soldier (King Rijarl)
 * Cyborg 009 The Cyborg Soldier (President)
 * 2002
 * RahXephon (Shirow Watari)
 * Ai Yori Aoshi (Aoi's Father)
 * Petite Princess Yucie (Demon King)
 * 2003
 * Hajime no Ippo: Champion Road (Genji Kamogawa)
 * Bōken Yūki Pluster World (Gingiragin)
 * Tank Knights Portriss (Jerid)
 * Tank Knights Portriss (Jerid)
 * FireStorm (Carlo Morrelli)
 * Astro Boy (Tokugawa)
 * Gad Guard (Radig)
 * Cinderella Boy (Kantarou Shirayuki)
 * Fullmetal Alchemist (Alex Louis Armstrong)
 * 2004
 * Kaiketsu Zorori (Dalmanian)
 * Paranoia Agent (Kawazu)
 * Tetsujin 28 (Velanade)
 * Black Jack (Keiji Tomobiki)
 * 2005
 * Gallery Fake (Carlos)
 * Basilisk (Nenki Mino)
 * Shinshaku Sengoku Eiyū Densetsu (Narrator)
 * The Snow Queen (Gaion)
 * Kotenkotenko (Tree)
 * 2006
 * Angel Heart (Bando Sanemichi)
 * Red Bull (CM Narrator)
 * Black Jack 21 (Inspector Tomobiki) (eps. 1, 3)
 * Kemonozume (Kyuutarou Ohba)
 * 2007
 * D.Gray-man (Giscone)
 * Jūsō Kikō Dancouga Nova (Herugaiya)
 * Mokke (Rokusan)
 * 2008
 * Noramimi (Director)
 * Allison & Lillia (Police Inspector Warren)
 * Golgo 13 (Ledell Nikolavitch) (ep. 5)
 * Casshern Sins (Braikingboss)
 * One Outs (Saikawa Owner)
 * 2009
 * Hajime no Ippo: New Challenger (Genji Kamogawa)
 * Slayers Evolution-R (Dune)
 * Shin Mazinger Shōgeki! Z-Hen (Hades/Emperor of Darkness)
 * Dragon Ball Kai (Shenlong)
 * Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood (Alex Louis Armstrong, Philip Gargantos Armstrong)
 * Needless (Gido)
 * Kämpfer (Hiaburi Lion)
 * Kiddy Girl-and (Q-feuille)
 * 2010
 * Shimajirou Hesoka (Captain Kurobuta)
 * Mayoi Neko Overrun! (Machine Duke)
 * Rio – Rainbow Gate! (Jimmy)
 * 2011
 * ''Beelzebub (Kusubonobu, Wasboga)
 * Blade (Tanba Yagyu) (ep. 9)
 * Hunter × Hunter (2011) (Captain)
 * 2013
 * Silver Spoon (Todoroki Sensei)

OVA

 * Bavi Stock (1985) (Secretary)
 * Outlanders (1986) (Geobaldi)
 * Detonator Orgun (1991) (Zoa)
 * Casshan: Robot Hunter (1993) (Braiking Boss)
 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (1993) (Daniel J. D'Arby)
 * Macross Plus (1994) (Col. Millard Johnson)
 * Shin Getter Robo vs. Neo Getter Robo (2000) (Emperor Goru)
 * Hajime no Ippo: Mashiba vs. Kimura (2003) (Genji Kamogawa)
 * Mudazumo Naki Kaikaku (2010) (Chairman Mao)
 * Legend of Galactic Heroes (1988–1997; 1999–2000) (Sidney Sithole)

Theatrical animation

 * 1966
 * Cyborg 009 – 008
 * 1967
 * Cyborg 009 and the Monster Wars – 008
 * 1969
 * Puss 'n Boots – Daniel
 * 1970
 * Chibikko Remi to Meiken Kapi – James
 * 1971
 * Alibaba to Yonjubiki no Tozuku – Dora
 * 1975
 * Uchuu Enban Dai-Senso – Blackey
 * 1981
 * Doraemon: Nobita no Uchū Kaitakushi – Borgand
 * Sea Prince and the Fire Child – Glaucos
 * Dr. Slump & Arale-chan Hello! Fushigi Jima – Senbei Norimaki
 * 1982
 * Techno Police 21C – Goro Narumi
 * Dr. Slump: Hoyoyo! Space Adventure – Senbei Norimaki
 * 1983
 * Harmagedon – Salamander
 * Dr. Slump & Arale-chan Hoyoyo! Sekai Issuu Dai Race – Senbei Norimaki
 * 1984
 * Shounen Keniya – Gure of the Pora tribe
 * Dr. Slump & Arale-chan Hoyoyo! Nanaba Shiro no Hihou – Senbei Norimaki
 * 1985
 * Pro Golfer Saru: Super Golf World e no Chōsen!! – Mr. X
 * 1986
 * Dragon Ball: Curse of the Blood Rubies – Shenlong
 * Fist of the North Star – Raoh
 * 1987
 * Pro Golfer Saru: Kōga Hikyō! Kage no Ninpō Golfer Sanjō! – Mr. X
 * 1988
 * Dragon Ball: Mystical Adventure – Senbei Norimaki, Shenlong, Tenkaichi Budōkai announcer
 * 1989
 * Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland – King Morpheus
 * Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone – Shenlong
 * Garaga – Daraburigu
 * 1990
 * Dragon Ball Z: The World's Strongest – Shenlong
 * Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might – Raisin, Shenlong
 * 1991
 * Dragon Ball Z: Lord Slug – Shenlong
 * Gamba to Kawauso no Bōken – Yoisho
 * Adachi-ga Hara – Damokuresu
 * 1992
 * Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken Buchiya bure!! Shinsei Rokudai Shoguo – Burn
 * 1993
 * Dr. Slump & Arale-chan Ncha! Penguin Mura wa Hare no chi Hare – Senbei Norimaki
 * Dr. Slump & Arale-chan Ncha! Penguin Mura yori Ai o Komete – Senbei Norimaki
 * 1994
 * Fatal Fury: The Motion Picture – Jamin Shona
 * 1995
 * Macross Plus Movie Edition – Col. Millard Johnson
 * 1996
 * Dragon Ball: The Path to Power – Commander Red
 * Doraemon: Nobita's Galactic Express – Heavenly King
 * Slayers Return – Galev
 * 1997
 * Doraemon: Nobita's Adventure in Clockwork City – Onigorou Kumatora
 * Hermes – Winds of Love – King Minos
 * 1998
 * Case Closed: The Fourteenth Target – Nagaaki Shishido
 * Welcome to Lodoss Island! – King Fern
 * 1999
 * Doraemon: Nobita Drifts in the Universe – Angle Moa
 * 2000
 * One Piece: The Movie – El Drago
 * 2004
 * Crayon Shin-chan: Arashi o Yobu! Yūhi no Kasukabe Boys – Vin
 * 2005
 * Fullmetal Alchemist: The Movie – Conqueror of Shamballa – Alex Louis Armstrong
 * Black Jack: The Two Doctors Of Darkness – Inspector Tomobiki
 * 2006
 * Doraemon: Nobita's Dinosaur 2006 – Dolman Stein
 * 2007
 * Tetsujin 28-go: Hakuchū no Zangetsu – Beranedo
 * Nezumi Monogatari – Alex
 * 2009
 * Yona Yona Penguin – Uncle 2
 * 2010
 * Crayon Shin-chan: Chō Jikū! Arashi o Yobu Ora no Hanayome – Mazusou Kinyuu
 * 2011
 * Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos – Alex Louis Armstrong
 * Pokémon the Movie: Black/White – Victini and Reshiram/Zekrom – King of the People of the Vale
 * 2012
 * Guskō Budori no Denki – Fisherman factory owner
 * 2013
 * Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods – Shenlong

Video games

 * 1994
 * Dragon Ball Z: Buyuu Retsuden (Mega Drive) – Reacoom, Shenlong
 * 1995
 * Kuusou Kagaku Sekai: Gulliver Boy – Kong
 * Dragon Ball Z: Ultimate Battle 22 – Shenlong
 * Linda Cube – Captain Ben
 * Dragon Ball Z: Shin Butōden (Sega Saturn) – Shenlong
 * Hokuto no Ken (Sega Saturn, PlayStation) – Zen-oh
 * 1996
 * Dragon Ball Z: Idainaru Dragon Ball Densetsu (PlayStation, Sega Saturn) – Reacoom, Shenlong
 * 1997
 * Macross Digital Mission VF-X – Captain
 * Next King: Koi no Sennen Oukoku – King Henry King
 * Linda Cube Again – Captain Ben
 * Tales of Destiny – Hugo Jirukurisuto, Shine Rembrandt
 * 1998
 * Kasei Monogatari – Kiwi 65 World
 * 1999
 * Yuukyuu no Eden – Orchid Grace
 * Sword of the Berserk: Guts' Rage – Balzac, Zodd
 * Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage! – Ripto
 * Space Channel 5 – Chief Blank
 * 2000
 * Hokuto no Ken: Seikimatsu Kyūseishu Densetsu (PlayStation) – Raoh
 * Bōken Jidai Katsugeki Goemon (Toranou)
 * 2001
 * Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (Voldemort)
 * 2002
 * Kidou Senshi Gundam Senki: Lost War Chronicles (Douglas Roden)
 * 2003
 * Dragon Ball Z – Reacoom
 * Rahxephon Soukyuu Fantasy – Shiro Watari
 * Hot Shots Golf Fore! – Z, Vader
 * Fullmetal Alchemist and the Broken Angel – Alex Louis Armstrong
 * 2004
 * Dragon Ball Z 2 – Reacoom
 * Fullmetal Alchemist: Dream Carnival – Alex Armstrong
 * Fullmetal Alchemist 2: Curse of the Crimson Elixir – Alex Louis Armstrong
 * Berserk: Millennium Falcon Hen Seima Senki no Shou – Balzac, Zodd
 * Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater – Yevgeny Borisovitch Volgin
 * 2005
 * Dragon Ball Z 3 – Reacoom, Shenlong, Commander Red
 * Fullmetal Alchemist 3: Kami o Tsugu Shoujo – Alex Louis Armstrong
 * Dragon Ball Z: Sparking! – Reacoom, Shenlong
 * Rogue Galaxy – Vuarugogu Doreiza
 * Hokuto no Ken (arcade game) – Raoh
 * 2006
 * Super Dragon Ball Z – Shenlong
 * Dragon Ball Z: Sparking! Neo – Shenlong, Reacoom
 * Sonic the Hedgehog (2006 video game) – Duke of Soleanna
 * 2007
 * !Shin Chan: Flipa en colores! – Daly
 * Dragon Ball Z: Sparking! Meteor – Reacoom, Shenlong, Senbei Norimaki
 * 2008
 * Ryu ga Gotoku Kenzan! – Bōtenkai Nankō
 * Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit – Reacoom
 * Pro Golfer Saru – Mr. X
 * Dragon Ball Z: Infinite World – Shenlong, Senbei Norimaki, Reacoom
 * Dissidia Final Fantasy – Garland
 * 2009
 * Killzone 2 – Scalar Vuisari
 * Dragon Ball Tenkaichi Daibōken – Commander Red, Shenlong, Tenkaichi Budōkai announcer
 * Hagane no Renkinjutsushi: Fullmetal Alchemist – Akatsuki no Ouji Alex Louis Armstrong
 * Fullmetal Alchemist: Daughter of the Dusk – Alex Louis Armstong
 * Dragon Ball: Raging Blast – Shenlong
 * 2010
 * Hagane no Renkinjutsushi: Senaka o Takuseshimono – Alex Louis Armstrong
 * ModNation Racers – Chief
 * Dragon Ball: Raging Blast 2 – Shenlong, Tenkaichi Budōkai announcer
 * 2011
 * Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy – Garland
 * Final Fantasy Type-0 – Military Command Manager
 * Dragon Ball Ultimate Blast – Shenlong, Tenkaichi Budōkai announcer
 * 2012
 * Ryū ga Gotoku 5 – Tadashi Madarame
 * 2013
 * Heroes VS. – Alien Empera
 * Killzone: Mercenary – Scalar Vuisari

Tokusatsu

 * 1966
 * Ultra Q (Huku Suzuki Captain (Actor by:Jun Kuroki))
 * 1979
 * The 6 Ultra Brothers vs. the Monster Army (Notice Narrator)
 * Ultraman: Great Monster Decisive Battle (Notice Narrator)
 * 1997
 * Ultraman Tiga & Ultraman Dyna: Warriors of the Star of Light (Notice Narrator)
 * 2007
 * Ultraman Mebius (Alien Empera)
 * 2011
 * Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger the Movie: The Flying Ghost Ship (Ghost Ship Captain Los Dark)

Live-action

 * Steve McQueen
 * The Magnificent Seven (1974 TV Asahi edition) – Vin
 * Hell Is for Heroes (1973 Fuji TV edition) – Pvt. John Reese
 * The Cincinnati Kid (1973 TV Asahi edition) – Eric "The Kid" Stoner
 * Bullitt (1977 TV Asahi edition) – Frank Bullitt
 * The Getaway (1982 TV Asahi edition) – Carter 'Doc' McCoy
 * Junior Bonner (1976 TV Asahi edition) – Junior 'J.R.' Bonner
 * Papillon (1977 TV Asahi edition) – Henri 'Papillon' Charrière
 * The Towering Inferno (1989 TBS edition) – Michael O'Hallorhan
 * The Hunter (1987 TV Asahi edition) – Ralph 'Papa' Thorson
 * Tom Horn – Tom Horn
 * Bob Hoskins
 * Who Framed Roger Rabbit – Detective Eddie Valiant
 * Hook – Smee
 * Mrs Henderson Presents – Vivian Van Damm
 * Son of the Mask – Odin
 * Unleashed (2007 TV Tokyo edition) – Bart
 * Carl Weathers
 * Rocky (1983 TBS edition) – Apollo Creed
 * Rocky II (1984 TBS edition) – Apollo Creed
 * Rocky III (1987 TBS edition) – Apollo Creed
 * Rocky IV (1989 TBS and 1995 TV Asahi editions) – Apollo Creed
 * Predator (1989 Fuji TV edition) – George Dillon
 * Action Jackson (1991 Fuji TV edition) – Jericho "Action" Johnson
 * John Rhys-Davies
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring – Gimli
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers – Gimli
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King – Gimli
 * Dragon Storm – King Fastrad
 * Jack Nicholson
 * The Witches of Eastwick (1990 TBS edition) – Daryl Van Horne
 * Batman (1995 TV Asahi edition) – Jack Napier/Joker
 * The Bucket List (2010 TV Asahi edition) – Edward Cole
 * John Saxon
 * Battle Beyond the Stars (1983 TV Asahi edition) – Sador
 * Black Christmas (TV Asahi edition) – Lt. Kenneth Fuller
 * The Electric Horseman (1985 TV Asahi edition) – Hunt Sears
 * Enter the Dragon (1979 TV Asahi edition) – Roper
 * Danny Glover
 * ER – Charlie Pratt
 * Grand Canyon – Simon
 * Flight of the Intruder (1995 Fuji TV edition) – Commander Frank "Dooke" Camparelli
 * Witness (1987 Fuji TV edition) – Lieutenant James McFee
 * Predator 2 (DVD edition) – Lieutenant Mike Harrigan
 * Burt Reynolds
 * Shamus (1978 TBS edition) – Shamus McCoy
 * Gator (1980 TBS edition) – Gator McClusky
 * City Heat (1988 Fuji TV edition) – Mike Murphy
 * Charles S. Dutton
 * Alien 3 (Theatrical and 1996 Fuji TV edition) – Leonard Dillon
 * Black Dog (2002 NTV edition) – FBI Agent Allen Ford
 * Mimic (2006 TV Tokyo edition) – Leonard
 * Paul Winfield
 * The Serpent and the Rainbow (1991 Fuji TV edition) – Lucien Celine
 * Cliffhanger (1995 Fuji TV edition) – Walter Wright
 * The Terminator (2003 TV Tokyo edition) – Ed Traxler
 * Michael Ironside
 * Scanners (1987 NTV edition) – Darryl Revok
 * Total Recall (1992 VHS edition) – Richter
 * Highlander II: The Quickening (1996 NTV edition) – General Katana
 * Ernie Hudson
 * The Substitute (1998 Fuji TV edition) – Principal Claude Rolle
 * The Watcher (2002 TV Tokyo edition) – FBI Special Agent in Charge Mike Ibby
 * Dragonball Evolution – Sifu Norris
 * Billy Dee Williams
 * The Take (1986 TV Asahi edition) – Lt. Terrence Sneed
 * The Empire Strikes Back (1986 NTV edition) – Lando Calrissian
 * Nighthawks (1987 TV Asahi edition) – Matthew Fox
 * Return of the Jedi (1988 NTV edition) – Lando Calrissian
 * Oceans of Fire (1989 TV Asahi edition) – Jim McKinley
 * Laurence Fishburne
 * The Matrix (2002 Fuji TV edition) – Morpheus
 * The Matrix Reloaded (2006 Fuji TV edition) – Morpheus
 * The Matrix Revolutions (2007 Fuji TV edition) – Morpheus
 * Omar Sharif
 * Lawrence of Arabia (1981 TV Asahi edition) – Sherif Ali
 * Marco the Magnificent (1975 TV Asahi edition) – Sheik Alla Hou, 'The Desert Wind'
 * More Than a Miracle – Prince Rodrigo Fernandez
 * 10,000 BC (2011 TV Asahi edition) – Narrator
 * Robert Shaw
 * From Russia with Love (1975 and 1976 TBS editions) – Donald "Red" Grant
 * Jaws (DVD and 1991 TBS editions) – Quint
 * The Sting – Johnny "Kelly" Hooker
 * Joe Don Baker
 * The Living Daylights (1993 TBS edition) – Brad Whitaker
 * Congo (1999 Fuji TV edition) – R.B. Travis
 * Tomorrow Never Dies (2001 Fuji TV edition) – Jack Wade
 * Ben-Hur (2000 TV Tokyo edition) – Sheik Ilderim (Hugh Griffith)
 * Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey – Chuck De Nomolos (Joss Ackland)
 * Cutthroat Island (1998 Fuji TV edition) – Douglas "Dawg" Brown (Frank Langella)
 * Das Boot (1983 Fuji TV edition) – Kapitänleutnant (Jürgen Prochnow)
 * Dawn of the Dead – Peter Washington (Ken Foree)
 * Diamonds Are Forever (1990 TBS edition) – James Bond (Sean Connery)
 * Die Hard – Sgt. Al Powell (Reginald VelJohnson))
 * Die Hard (1992 Fuji TV edition) – Hans Gruber (Alan Rickman)
 * Dune – Baron Vladimir Harkonnen (Kenneth McMillan)
 * Exit Wounds (2004 NTV edition) – Chief Hinges (Bill Duke)
 * First Blood (1999 NTV edition) – Sheriff Will Teasle (Brian Dennehy)
 * Get Smart (2011 TV Asahi edition) – The President (James Caan)
 * The Golden Compass – John Faa (Jim Carter)
 * Hard to Kill (1994 TV Asahi edition) – Lieutenant Kevin O'Malley (Frederick Coffin)
 * The Hard Way – The Party Crasher (Stephen Lang)
 * Hot Shots! Part Deux – Saddam Hussein (Jerry Haleva)
 * Jingle All the Way – Myron Larabee (Sinbad)
 * Kenan & Kel – Roger Rockmore (Ken Foree)
 * Little Shop of Horrors – Audrey II (Levi Stubbs))
 * Live and Let Die (1981 and 1988 TBS editions) – Doctor Kananga / Mister Big (Yaphet Kotto)
 * Love, Honour and Obey – Ray Kreed (Ray Winstone)
 * Money Train (2000 Fuji TV edition) – Captain Donald Patterson (Robert Blake)
 * Moonraker (1984 TBS edition) – Sir Hugo Drax (Michael Lonsdale)
 * Never Say Never Again (1985 Fuji TV edition) – Maximillian Largo (Klaus Maria Brandauer)
 * Nothing but Trouble – Judge Alvin 'J.P' Valkenheiser / Bobo (Dan Aykroyd)
 * Ocean's Twelve (2007 NTV edition) – Reuben Tishkoff (Elliott Gould)
 * Ra.One – Khalnayak (Sanjay Dutt))
 * Raiders of the Lost Ark (1985 Nippon TV edition) – Major Arnold Toht (Ronald Lacey)
 * Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1996 Fuji TV edition) – Sheriff of Nottingham (Alan Rickman)
 * Sledge Hammer! – Captain Trunk (Harrison Page)
 * Snakes on a Plane – Agent Neville Flynn (Samuel L. Jackson)
 * Star Trek: The Original Series – Montgomery "Scotty" Scott (James Doohan) (second voice)
 * Thirteen Days (2003 TV Asahi edition) – Curtis LeMay (Kevin Conway)
 * Tremors – Earl Basset (Fred Ward)
 * Ultraman: The Ultimate Hero – Russel Edlund (Harrison Page)

Animated

 * Dom DeLuise
 * An American Tail (Tiger)
 * An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (Tiger)
 * Fievel's American Tails (Tiger)
 * An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island (Tiger)
 * An American Tail: The Mystery of the Night Monster (Tiger)
 * Adventure Time (Narrator)
 * The Adventures of Tintin (Captain Haddock)
 * All Dogs Go to Heaven (Carface)
 * Batman: The Animated Series (The Sewer King)
 * Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins (Commander Nebula)
 * Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (Commander Nebula)
 * Dexter's Laboratory (Red Eye)
 * Despicable Me (Mr. Perkins)
 * DuckTales (Scrooge McDuck)
 * DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp (Merlock)
 * FernGully: The Last Rainforest (Hexxus)
 * Iron Man (Dark Aegis)
 * Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures (Kingpin Obtuse)
 * Shrek series (Wolf)
 * Tarzan (Kerchak)
 * Tarzan II (Kerchak)
 * Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (The Shredder)
 * Thomas and Friends (Gordon the Big Engine (Seasons 1-8 only))
 * Thomas and the Magic Railroad (Gordon the Big Engine)
 * X-Men (Apocalypse)

Commercials

 * Frosted Flakes (Corn Frosty (コーンフロスティ Kōn Furosuti)) – Tony the Tiger

Television live-action

 * Fight! Dragon

title: Kenji Utsumi


text: Talk:Augustana University

title: Talk:Augustana University


text:
Alessandro Fortis

Alessandro Fortis (16 September 1842 – 4 December 1909) was an Italian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Italy from 1905 to 1906.

Early career
Fortis was born in Forlì, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, and became a lawyer. A republican follower of Giuseppe Mazzini, he joined Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1866 and fought with him first in Trentino then at Mentana and in France. After being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1880, Fortis initially worked under Francesco Crispi as Under Secretary of the Interior (1887–1890). He served as Agriculture Minister from 1898 to 1899 in the first government of Luigi Pelloux (June 1898–May 1899).

He resigned in 1899 and subsequently joined the liberal opposition of Giovanni Giolitti, whose liberal reformism was closest to Fortis’s own political views that had moderated over time. Fortis argued that a view of the state "which abstains from everything, which increasingly reduces its actions and its responsibilities; the state which is feared, rather than appealed to ... is, it seems to me, doomed to die out."

The moderate liberals opposed the repressive measures of Pelloux restricting political activity and free speech, and aimed to uphold constitutional liberties. Fortis supported the governments of Giuseppe Zanardelli (February 1901 – November 1903) and Giolitti (November 1903 – March 1905).

Prime Minister
In March 1905 on the recommendation of Giolitti, he formed his first government, mainly related to the nationalization of the railways, after confronting a railroad strike on April 17–22 that year, which could have paralyzed transportation in the country. Railroad workers became public employees, which deprived them of the right to strike.

In September 1905, Fortis visited Calabria and Sicily to examine firsthand the extent of the damage of the 1905 Calabria earthquake. Subsequently he introduced a special law to aid these southern regions. This measure was the first real acknowledgment by the Italian state of the fundamental problems underlying southern underdevelopment.

His government was defeated in the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house of Parliament) in December 1905, when a trade treaty with Spain that would have significantly reduced Italian tariffs on Spanish wine, met with severe parliamentary and public opposition and was rejected. Fortis resigned, was reappointed and formed a new government, which did not gain the confidence of the Chamber of Deputies, after which Fortis definitively resigned in February 1906.

Death and family
Fortis was Jewish. He died on 4 December 1909 in Rome.

title: Alessandro Fortis


text:
Maui Ocean Center

The Maui Ocean Center is an aquarium and oceanography center located in Maalaea, Hawaii, on the island of Maui. Opened on March 13, 1998, by Coral World International, the 3 acres (1.2 ha) facility is the largest living tropical reef aquarium in the Western Hemisphere. Their exhibits include colorful displays of live coral reef habitats, diverse collections of endemic Hawaiian fish species, and up-close viewing of sea turtles, stingrays, sharks, and various sea creatures.

Maui Ocean Center is the only public aquarium on Maui and exclusively displays marine life found in Hawaiian waters. The SEASCAPE restaurant at the aquarium is unique in that the restaurant is the only restaurant in all of Hawaii to be platinum certified for sustainability due to the restaurant offering 100% sustainable dining.

Exhibits
Maui Ocean Center has six main exhibits that focus on reef fish, deep water animals, Hawaiian culture and history, and more.

Living Reef
The Living Reef exhibit showcases over 40 Hawaiian coral species that range from shallow to deep-reef environments. Guests can observe the changes in species and coloration of marine life as they journey from the shallow reef to mid reef, and eventually, the deep reef.

Turtle Lagoon
This exhibit is home to the Hawaiian green sea turtle, one of Earth's most ancient animals. Featuring both a surface and underwater view of Hawaiʻi's beloved honu (turtles), this exhibit has up to six sea turtles on display at all times.

Native to Hawaiʻi, the green sea turtle is the largest hard-shelled sea turtle in the world, reaching lengths of up to four feet and weighing in at over 300 pounds in adulthood.

Hawaiians and the Sea
This exhibit tells the stories of the kanaka maoli, Hawaiʻi's first people, and how they sailed across the Pacific in double-hulled canoes using the stars as guides.

Living Coral Reefs
Maui Ocean Center has successfully raised and maintained coral colonies since 1998. Their exhibits receive saltwater directly from Māʻalaea Bay, resulting in environments that allow fish, corals, and other marine invertebrates to thrive.

Coral Restoration
MOCMI operates one of only four land-based coral nurseries in the United States and strives to protect all rare and endemic species of coral in Hawai῾i. In the case of widespread coral die-off, MOCMI's coral repository will provide a safe haven for corals of Hawaiʻi and currently the gene bank at the center holds the largest number of ocean corals in the world with active research leading to the discovery of new corals.

Sea Turtle Rescue
MOC Marine Institute (MOCMI) works in partnership with NOAA Fisheries to coordinate the response to sick, injured, distressed, or expired sea turtles on the island of Maui, Hawaiʻi. All MOCMI sea turtle stranding response and rescue activities authorized under NOAA Permit: 21260. Sea turtles are rehabilitated and released back to the ocean after they have received proper care.

title: Maui Ocean Center


text:
Talk:Princess Zelda

A few more sources that you might use for Reception

 * http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2011/02/16/guinness-names-top-50-video-game-characters-of-all-time.aspx
 * http://www.ugo.com/games/top-10-video-game-characters-screwed-over
 * http://www.videogamer.com/features/article/top_10_video_game_crushes.html?page=8

Via Internet Archive:
 * http://www.gamedaily.com/articles/galleries/babe-of-the-week-princess-zelda/
 * http://www.tomsgames.com/us/2007/02/20/the_50_greatest_female_characters_in_the_history_of_video_games/page2.html

--Niemti (talk) 09:22, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

Voice actress in Skyward Sword
Alright, I've seen some sites in the Internet that have contradicting information about who voiced Zelda in Skyward Sword. Some say that it was Yu Shimamura while other say that it was Megumi Toyoguchi. Could someone be kind enough to get a clear confirmation to end this debate? Leader Vladimir (talk) 04:25, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

The fourth Smash Bros. games
@User:Gabriel Yuji, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Super Smash Bros. for Wii U are, accoring to the current Wikipedia article, respectively the fourth and fifth installments in the Smash Bros. series. "Sheik returned in the fourth Super Smash Bros. game as a separate character from Zelda" seems to only refer to Smash Bros. for 3DS, but this fact is also true for the Wii U version. I suggest "Sheik returned in the fourth and fifth Super Smash Bros. games as a separate character from Zelda." ~ Mable ( chat ) 07:50, 11 December 2014 (UTC)
 * , get it; it's seems a good option. It can also be "Sheik returned in Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Super Smash Bros. for Wii U". You decide. Gabriel Yuji (talk) 15:55, 11 December 2014 (UTC)

Zelda's picture change
Should Zelda's picture be changed from her Twilight Princess portrayal to her Breath of the Wild portrayal? It's her most recent appearance, and Twilight Princess came out more than a decade ago, so the current picture is a bit dated. Ashburning (talk) 12:03, 14 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Why was the infobox picture changed back to the one from Twilight Princess? Isn't the latest one available the one that should be used? 178.83.233.148 (talk) 14:22, 22 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I think the Twilight Princess picture should be kept, as that picture features the closest thing Zelda has to an iconic design, at least in my opinion. Leader Vladimir (talk) 15:40, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

Just so you know, the picture on Link's infobox was changed to something that represented all his incarnations equally in an attempt to avoid recentism. Even Ganon's picture is from an older game. Shouldn't we do the same for Zelda, as well? Leader Vladimir (talk) 15:33, 18 September 2021 (UTC)

RfC about picture in the infobox
This article previously used a picture depicting this character as seen on Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, but it has since been reverted to a much older one. Aren't video game character articles meant to use the latest depiction available? 21:07, 28 April 2019 (UTC)
 * I agree, the image should depict the most recent version of the character to remain consistent across the board according to WP:CONSISTENCY guidelines in case the character is mentioned in other articles across Wikipedia. Sixteensixtyfive (talk) 18:55, 29 April 2019 (UTC)
 * It should probably be the latest depiction from a main-line Zelda game, not a cross-franchise spin-off game. Smash has its own style that isn't quite the same as the Zelda franchise. ApLundell (talk) 19:49, 29 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Summoned by bot. Agree with User:ApLundell - use last image of Zelda from main-line game. Meatsgains (talk) 00:40, 8 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Zelda's depiction is updated so often in so many games that trying to keep up with her "current" look would waste effort and be confusing, especially if she undergoes a design change that clashes with her historical look as a princess. I think the current image, which captures her typical "princess-y" design, is fine forever if we can agree that it embodies the character well, unless Nintendo does something drastic like declaring Zelda will always be a pirate going forward, or something.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 19:02, 13 May 2019 (UTC)
 * How much is too often? This is honestly an important question. From what I was able to see for myself, there has been at most 7 distinctively different depictions (or 9 if you include Sheik and Tetra) across 33 years. All of these depictions had at most a span of 4 years before a completely new design was introduced. Is 4 years really too often? 19:32, 13 May 2019 (UTC)
 * I associate her with the eldest image. But, at least we should consider adding the year of the infobox picture. If one is reading quickly, they might assume that this is representative of the "first year". I don't see much applicable in WP:CONSISTENCY, WP:IUP, or MOS:IMAGELEAD on this issue.Fred (talk) 16:51, 15 May 2019 (UTC)

 * Agree - If all articles on video game characters use the most recent design, that should be used across the board and Zelda shouldn't be an exception just because the older design is more iconic or the one that most people associate her with. PraiseVivec (talk) 13:17, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

There are multiple characters by this name.
I can understand them not each getting their own page, but this acts like they're all the same person. Every girl in the Hyrulean royal family is named Zelda, and the games have featured many of them. This is like if there was a page on King Henry that just grouped them all into one person. The Zelda from Skyward Sword was a reincarnation of the Goddess Hylia, but from what I can find there's nothing saying all of them are reincarnations, and in any case if that's the implication here it seems like it would be more sensible to refer to her as Hylia. Also, the ones from Legend of Zelda and Zelda II: Adventure of Link are alive at the same time, which wouldn't work unless reincarnation involves time travel. — DanielLC 06:33, 14 July 2019 (UTC)

 * You made this same argument on the talk page for for Link, so I have replied there.
 * ApLundell (talk) 07:26, 14 July 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:21, 18 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Zelda Artwork Breath of the Wild.png

Needs to be rewritten - Several Zeldas
The page is a bit misleading in my opinion. Anyone who reads it could think all Zeldas are actually the same, which is the opposite. besides a few exceptions, they're all different characters with the same name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wizard2222 (talk • contribs) 20:02, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Sexism in the 'Reception and legacy' section
The article's 'Reception and Legacy' section has a strong gender bias, mostly discussing how 'hot' and 'beautiful' a 'babe' the Zelda character is. This is inappropriate and should be rewritten to focus on the cultural impact of the the Zelda princess character, or removed altogether.

Skadge (talk) 11:17, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * A news search for "Princess Zelda" shows the first results mentioning her beauty. The Hyrule Historia, official book of Nintendo, says the creator of the Zelda series wanted a "timeless beauty and classic appeal" and thought the name Zelda fit for "eternal beauty".  Forbes has an article about her beauty. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tanyaakim/2021/02/21/the-legend-of-zelda-turns-35-today-heres-a-look-at-how-princess-zelda-influenced-beauty-culture/?sh=11d9eab615e6 "when it comes to beauty, Princess Zelda is the original influencer."   D r e a m Focus  12:37, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

Article needs updating and expanding
This article is hugely out of date (no mention of Age of Calamity). It also provides no commentary regarding her role within the series other than basic reactions from critics. There are plenty of articles from reliable sources that discuss the character in detail. Perhaps when I have finished with Link, this should be the next priority. Fieryninja (talk) 11:16, 14 October 2021 (UTC)

Issues with voice refs
I've been trying to figure out what's up with the refs in the list of Japanese voice actors, and attempting to fix them, but to no avail. Could someone more Wikipedia-savvy help with this? Thanks. EthanRossie2000 08:40, 23 October 2021 (UTC)
 * OK I have fixed the cite errors. The efn template markup was incorrect so I have updated it with the correct mark up. Not sure why it was wrong. Maybe the old mark up is defunct and no one noticed the cite errors? I don't really know. Fieryninja (talk) 18:37, 23 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Princess Zelda


text:
User talk:Jeff2417

Hi Jeff, and welcome to Wikipedia.

I've fixed the formatting for your nomination of Image:Tradesecretwax.JPG on Featured Picture Candidates. You might like to check that I got the caption and reasons for nominating right (and make any edits as necessary). A picture can sometimes be given a rough ride during the voting, but at the moment there is a problem because the image doesn't seem to be illustrating any articles. Rather than add it to Acura RSX, it might be a better idea to write a short article for car wax and add it to that. -- Solipsist 07:16, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeff2417


text:
File:For Real - Free.jpg

Cover for album Free by For Real.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:For Real - Free.jpg


text:
Category:Monarchs of Tonga

A list of Tongan monarchs.

title: Category:Monarchs of Tonga


text:
Free (For Real album)

Free is the second album by R&B group For Real, released on September 17, 1996 (see 1996 in music).

Track listing

 * 1) "Intro" – 0:55
 * 2) "Like I Do" (Holland) – 4:06
 * 3) "Good Morning Sunshine" – 4:13
 * 4) "Hold Me" – 3:56
 * 5) "So in Love" – 4:20
 * 6) "Remember" – 4:23
 * 7) "Will You Love Me" – 4:20
 * 8) "The Saddest Song I Ever Heard" – 4:39
 * 9) "Nothing Without You" – 4:45
 * 10) "How Can I Get Close to You" – 4:08
 * 11) "Love Will Be Waiting at Home" (From "Waiting to Exhale") (Babyface) – 5:16
 * 12) "For All of My Life" (Reggie Hamilton) – 3:56
 * 13) "Free" – 5:09

Personnel

 * Alex Alessandroni – piano
 * Craig B. – bass guitar, guitar
 * Babyface – synthesizer, keyboard
 * Curt Bisquera – percussion
 * Necia Bray
 * Stephen Bray – percussion
 * Paulinho Da Costa – percussion
 * Henry Ferber – violin
 * Ronnie Garrett – bass guitar
 * Reggie Hamilton – bass guitar
 * Ruth Johnson – violin
 * Suzie Katayama – cello
 * Abe Laboriel Jr. – percussion
 * Tomi Martin – guitar
 * Bill Meyers – conductor
 * Karie Prescott – viola
 * James Raymond – keyboard
 * Daryl Simmons – keyboard
 * Vance Taylor – piano
 * Michael Thompson – bass guitar
 * Trevor Veitch – guitar
 * Wendi Williams

Production
 * Producer: Dallas Austin, Craig B., Babyface, Curt Bisquera, Stephen Bray, Tony Sheppard, Soulshock, Mario Winans
 * Executive producer: Dallas Austin
 * Engineers: Leslie Brathwaite, Brad Gilderman, Manny Marraquin, Tony Sheppard, Brian Smith
 * Assistant engineers: Ricco Lumpkins, Carlton Lynn, Paul Thompson
 * Mixing: Leslie Brathwaite, Jon Gass, Karlin, Manny Marraquin, Neil Pogue, Tony Sheppard, Brian Smith, Soulshock, Mario Winans
 * Mastering: Herb Powers
 * Programming: Rick Sheppard, Daryl Simmons
 * Project coordinator: Kim Lumpkin
 * Design: Anthony Harrison, Jr., Sandy Lawrence
 * Photography: R.J. Muna, Arnold Turner

Charts
Album – Billboard (North America)

title: Free (For Real album)


text: Talk:Free (For Real album)

title: Talk:Free (For Real album)


text:
Category:Villages in London

Places in Greater London listed as villages in the Ordnance Survey gazetteer of place names.

title: Category:Villages in London


text:
Rumiko Ukai

Rumiko Ukai (鵜飼 るみ子) is a Japanese voice actress best known for voicing Frau Bow in the original Mobile Suit Gundam. She is a member of 81 Produce.

Filmography

 * The Babysitter in Stitch! ~Best Friends Forever~ (2010)
 * Pepper in Urusei Yatsura (xxxx)
 * Miyuki Tokita in Brigadoon: Marin & Melan (xxxx)
 * Shihoko Kishida in Darker than Black (xxxx)
 * Akiko Yanagi in Sailor Moon (1992)
 * Izumi Sano in Detective Conan (xxxx)
 * Frau Bow in Mobile Suit Gundam (1979)
 * Kitty Kitten in Space Runaway Ideon (1980)
 * Princess Fala (Allura) in Golion (1981)
 * Rose in Six God Combination Godmars (1981)
 * Tetsuo in Miss Machiko (1981)
 * Ester in Tales of Little Women (1987)
 * Yoneta-sensei in Fair, then Partly Piggy (1988)
 * Darusa in Chimpui (1989)

Dubbing

 * Coming to America, Lisa McDowell (Shari Headley)
 * The Dark Knight, Barbara Gordon (Melinda McGraw)

title: Rumiko Ukai


text:
Groo (disambiguation)

Groo may refer to:

 * Groo the Wanderer, a comic book series.
 * The Groosalugg, a character in the television show Angel.
 * Han Groo, a South Korean actress.

title: Groo (disambiguation)


text: User talk:152.163.100.134

title: User talk:152.163.100.134