text:
Rafael Moneo

José Rafael Moneo Vallés (born 9 May 1937) is a Spanish architect. He won the Pritzker Prize for architecture in 1996, the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 2003, and La Biennale's Golden Lion in 2021.

Biography
Born in Tudela, Spain, Moneo studied at the ETSAM, Technical University of Madrid (UPM) from which he received his architectural degree in 1961.

Moneo designed the Davis Art Museum at Wellesley College in Massachusetts and the Audrey Jones Beck Building (an expansion of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston). He also designed the Chace Center, a new building for the Rhode Island School of Design. In December 2010, the Northwest Corner Building (formerly the Interdepartmental Science Building) at Columbia University in New York City first opened.

Moneo's most recent work is Peretsman-Scully Hall and the Princeton Neuroscience Institute, which houses the psychology and neuroscience departments at Princeton University and opened in December 2013.

In 2012, Moneo was awarded with the 2012 Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts. According to the jury, Moneo is "a Spanish architect of universal scope whose work enriches urban spaces with an architecture that is serene and meticulous. An acknowledged master in both the academic and professional field, Moneo leaves his own mark on each of his creations by making them a weird modern type of building  at the same time as combining aesthetics with functionality, especially in the airy interiors that act as impeccable settings for great works of culture and the spirit."

Moneo's work has been shown in several international exhibitions including "Rafael Moneo. A Theoretical Reflection from the Profession" whose curator was his disciple, Francisco González de Canales.

Works

 * National Museum of Roman Art, Mérida, Spain (1986)
 * Davis Art Museum, Wellesley, Massachusetts (1993)
 * Moderna Museet and Swedish Centre for Architecture and Design, Stockholm, Sweden (1997)
 * Kursaal Congress Centre and Auditorium, San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain (1999)
 * Audrey Jones Beck Building, Houston, Texas (2000)
 * Library of Sciences, Heverlee, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium (2000)
 * Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Los Angeles, California (2002)
 * Valladolid Science Museum, Valladolid, Spain (2003)
 * Museo del Prado expansion, Madrid, Spain (2007)
 * New Library of the University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain (2009)
 * Northwest Corner Building, New York City, New York (2010)
 * Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, New Jersey (2013)
 * Museum University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (2015)

Awards

 * National Architecture Award of Spain (1961, 2015)
 * Pritzker Prize (1996)
 * RIBA Royal Gold Medal (2003)
 * Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts (2012)
 * Praemium Imperiale (2017)
 * Golden Lion (2021)

title: Rafael Moneo


text:
User:Paul3vanz

My name is Paul Evans, I am from England.

I use Wikipedia all the time to find things out and have signed up mainly to fix typos and mistakes that I can see.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Paul3vanz


text:
Talk:John T. Scopes

Untitled
I have a problem. People dont like to talk to much about this subject and it is awesome. That thing brings up a good arguement.

Removed Paragraph
I recently undid some deletions on this page, but this one paragraph I haven't attempted to confirm yet, so I'll put it here. Someone else can add it if/when they determine it's validity. I think it's all correct, but... TheIncredibleEdibleOompaLoompa 02:34, 27 January 2007 (UTC)
 * After the trial, Scopes went to the University of Chicago, where he received a master's degree in geology. After that he was mainly employed by the oil industry, in both the United States and Venezuela. He died at the age of 70, probably from a stroke. He is buried in Oak Grove Cemetery in Paducah, Kentucky.

Paying the fine?
In this article it says Bryan offered to pay his 100 dollar fine, I obviously don't know if this is true but it doesn't seem to make sense why would the prosecutor offer to pay for the fine? Could someone please clarify this for me. SirGrant 07:27, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 07:08, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Fine Amount
I see that the $100 fine was recently changed to $500, but although the reference listed does state a $500 fine, every other place I look on the web (for example http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/statcase.htm) has it stated as a $100 fine, and they seem a tad more reputable. Perhaps it needs to be reverted?

Azitnay (talk) 18:07, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

edit undone
I undid the edit by 97.82.219.172 for the ruthless deletion of the link without discussion. I added the site but it is not mine neither do I agree with it. It appears, however, to have some interesting and possibly pertinent information. Its presence seems acceptable to me but I am willing to discuss it.Daytrivia (talk) 23:34, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:John T. Scopes


text:
Sanjay Kak

Sanjay Kak (born 1958) is an Indian author, activist and self-taught film-maker. He is known for his documentaries about environmental activism and resistance politics.

Background and education
Kak was born into a family of Kashmiri Pandits, based in New Delhi for several generations.

Kak studied economics and sociology at the University of Delhi. He is a self-taught film-maker who is actively involved in the documentary film movement and in the Campaign against Censorship and the Cinema of Resistance project.

Career
Kak makes documentary films. His early work includes Punjab: Doosra Adhay (1986) about the Punjab in the days of the Khalistan struggle, and Pradakshina (1987), about the river Ganges. He followed this with a 1990 film about Cambodia's Angkor Wat temple, Angkor Remembered. In 1993 he released films about the Indian diaspora in England (This Land, My Land, Eng-land) and South Africa (A House and a Home). 1995 saw the release of Harvest of Rain.

One Weapon (1997) followed, "the documentary that marked Sanjay Kak as an explicitly political filmmaker", according to The Caravan magazine, and In the Forest Hangs a Bridge (1999) about the making of a bridge in Northeast India; winner of the Golden Lotus Best Documentary Film, National Film Awards; Asian Gaze Award, Pusan Short Film Festival, Korea. His next films were Words on Water (2002), about the struggle against the Narmada dams in central India, which won Best Long Film prize at the International Festival of Environmental Film & Video (Fica) in Brazil, and Jashn-e-Azadi - How We Celebrate Freedom (2007) about the Kashmiri freedom struggle.

Jashn-e-Azadi is a film that has "widely influenced the way Kashmir was perceived in India". The film has had a chequered screening history.

In 2008, he participated in Manifesta7, the European Biennale of Art, in Bolzano, Italy, with the installation A Shrine to the Future: The Memory of a Hill, about the mining of bauxite in the Niyamgiri hills of Odisha. He writes occasional political commentary, and is the editor of Until My Freedom Has Come – The New Intifada in Kashmir (2011).

His latest feature-length documentary is on the revolutionary Maoist movement in India, called Red Ant Dream. The film was under production for more than three years and released in 2013.

Filmography

 * Punjab: Doosra Adhay (1986)
 * Pradakshina (1987)
 * Angkor Remembered (1990)
 * This Land, My Land, Eng-land (1993)
 * A House and a Home (1993)
 * Harvest of Rain (1995)
 * One Weapon (1997)
 * In the Forest Hangs a Bridge (1999)
 * Words on Water (2002)
 * Jashn-e-Azaadi (2007)
 * Red Ant Dream (2013)

title: Sanjay Kak


text:
Talk:Trillian (character)

Trillian's heritage
In the 1st book on chapter 4, page 39, it states that "She was a slim, darkish humanoid, with long waves of black hair, a full mouth, and an odd little knob of a nose and ridiculously brown eyes...she looked vaguely Arabic. Not that anyone there had ever heard of an Arab of course."

I merely skimmed over the article, but I don't believe this is mentioned about her book character if someone could make sure of it would be dandy.

 * No, it's not in the article as of right now - if you'd like to add it though, feel free. It'd probably fit in best in one of the paragraphs covering the books. --JohnDBuell 04:37, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Image
We could use an image of her from the movie in the article.

 * Until the movie is out on DVD (and I don't feel like scanning the photos from the making of book, partly because of Touchstone's copyrights, and partly because of the moiré patterns that would appear), an image from the TV show will have to do. --JohnDBuell 20:44, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

 * there are lots of trailers/promotional shots of the movie though - not sure about copyrights though (clem 21:58, 15 May 2005 (UTC))

 * They're all Copyright 2005 Touchstone Pictures - but the movie version of Marvin in his article comes from their promo materials. I don't know enough about 'fair use' to be able to say one way or another. And don't forget we also _could_ use copies of the images from the Illustrated Edition of the Hitchhiker's Guide book and/or the comic adaptation. Maybe. --JohnDBuell 22:17, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Just a note, and a bit belatedly, but speaking as someone who does use the Buena Vista publicity site extensively (for research, not for images), here's what I know. The agreement when one signs up with them (providing access to members of the press, including webmasters) is for free use as long as it is in connection with the promotion of the film, reviews, etc. So interpret that as you wish. I think *probably* an image for comparison would be allowed, and definitely, one of Zooey Deschanel's Trillian on the movie page would be allowed. Hope this helps. Aleal 02:19, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The DVD is due in September, so a screenshot could be put into use at that time. --JohnDBuell | Talk 02:02, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The selected picture is typical Hollywood, isn't it? A hard face and a gun! T.

 * Please reconcile the chosen picture with the opening of this article, which states:

 * Physically, she is described as "a slim, darkish humanoid, with long waves of black hair, a full mouth, and an odd little knob of a nose and ridiculously brown eyes."

 * i.e. Find a better picture or don't bother providing one!

 * 92.10.16.237 (talk) 19:23, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

 * It's a perfectly valid picture. OK, it doesn't match Adams' description, but she's hardly the first character in TV/film that doesn't match a written description. It's called artistic license. Ged UK (talk) 19:35, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

 * [Zaphod is] directly responsible for her nickname

Did this get established before the radio version of Mostly Harmless? I don't remember this. Morwen - Talk 16:20, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * In the movie version, she took the nickname "Trillian." In the first book, she's called Trillian until Arthur addresses her by her full name - same with the first radio series and the TV series. We _could_ put a note in about this.... --JohnDBuell | Talk 22:06, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Hgg zooey.jpg
Image:Hgg zooey.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there are other-other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:46, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Sandra Dickinson as Trillian.jpg
The image Image:Sandra Dickinson as Trillian.jpg is used in this article under a claim of fair use, but it does not have an adequate explanation for why it meets the requirements for such images when used here. In particular, for each page the image is used on, it must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for the use in this article.
 * That this article is linked to from the image description page.

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --02:54, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Trillian's name
Zaphod Beeblebrox, who (according to the Quintessential Phase) is directly responsible for his nickname.

Good thing this article or the "Quintessential Phase" link mentions what that is. We wouldn't want anyone with access to some sort of online encyclopedia to have that information. This is the kind of hints to non-existent info that makes wiki links crap. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.185.6.18 (talk) 19:20, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

Other media
In Steven Gould's novel Jumper, a character mentions Trish McMillan. Should the article have a section for references like this? - 151.132.106.25 (talk) 19:07, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

And Another Thing...
This article shows no updates at all related to the sixth book by Eoin Colfer. 74.96.97.176 (talk) 02:09, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 21:27, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

Trillian (character) → — We have Arthur Dent instead of Arthur, Zaphod Beeblebrox instead of Zaphod, and Ford Prefect instead of Ford, so it makes sense we should use her surname. Harry Blue5 (talk) 23:21, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose her name is Tricia McMillan 70.29.212.131 (talk) 03:18, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * She's known in the Galaxy and throughout the books as Trillian Astra, by your logic we should still move the page to Tricia McMillan. Harry Blue5 (talk) 06:49, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * She's known in the books as "Trillian", but several times, in the books and the movie and TV show, it's mentioned she's actually "Tricia McMillan", more prominently than "Trillian Astra". 70.29.212.131 (talk) 07:15, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * "Trillian Astra" primary usage is an instant messaging program, according to google search - virtually every hit is about that. A slightly restricted search shows that HHGTG related Trillian Astra results in very few hits  whereas the top hits for "Tricia McMillan" are HHGTG related using a restricted search, shows twice the usage of Trillian Astra ; but by far the greatest usage is plain "Trillian"  which is how the books generally refer to her. And IIRC, she says she's "just Trillian" to Arthur Dent in the first book. 70.29.212.131 (talk) 07:24, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * It is worth remembering that in the final books, there are two characters in parallel universes, one stays on Earth and goes by the name "Tricia McMillian", and there is the left-with-Zaphod-in-a-spaceship version, who calls hereself "Trillian Astra". Trillian Astra is the name used in "And Another Thing".  She says that she changed her name in the Movie, "to make it more spacey".   BRIANTIST   (talk) 07:41, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The main reason I wanted this moved to Trillian Astra instead of Tricia McMillan is because of the 5th book, where, probably in order to avoid confusion, Tricia McMillan is always given to the parralel universe and Trillian is given to the main H2G2 universe. In the movie, she is mostly called Tricia, though, I think, but she's very rarely called 'Tricia' in the books themselves. Google hits aren't a perfect way of choosing the best name, but I see your points. Nevertheless, googling 'Stewie' leads to thousands of Stewie Griffin related stuff, but we still name the article Stewie Griffin. Harry Blue5 (talk) 08:54, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The fifth book is not a DNA book. The name is not used in the miniseries, the movie, the radio plays. 70.29.212.131 (talk) 05:07, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * As with Zaphod search results all being about Zaphod Beeblebrox as well. Harry Blue5 (talk) 08:58, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * But still, in the cases of Arthur, Zaphod and Ford the first names stay the same, and the surnames are quite commonly used, and I think widely known, too. With Trillian, it's just Trillian. Tricia McMillian isn't that used that often. And, as I think, not that well known. Trillian Astra, as you said yourself, is specific to the fifth book, so neither in the Miniseries, nor the Radioplays. And I think it's also not used in the movie. --Completefailure (talk) 21:51, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The Earth is in a plural zone, there are many versions of the Earthly characters, if you wanted to be "in-universe" about it. There are parallel universes in the book as well. With the infinite improbability drive, another Trillian could pop out of thin air. -- BUT any argument that relies on in-universe arguments gets an article deleted usually on Wikipedia. 70.29.212.131 (talk) 05:06, 15 June 2010 (UTC)
 * If we were to include all versions of Arthur/Zaphod/etc. that would take to long, not considering we don't know anything about most of them. I'd only mention the main ones, i.e. Tricia McMillan from Mostly Harmless and Trillian. Also, Astra is her surname in the fith AND sixth books, if that helps, not just the fifth book. Harry Blue5 (talk) 08:45, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

Support I've had second thoughts, if we need a disambiguator it's better to use one which is intrinsic to the person's name or title rather than the sort of thing we put in brackets, see Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn for a similar case. PatGallacher (talk) 13:44, 16 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Comment redirects to Trillian (software) and the WP:PRIMARYUSAGE of "Trillian Astra" is the software, not this character. 70.29.212.131 (talk) 05:59, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * In that case I now oppose. PatGallacher (talk) 10:10, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Does anyone have a babelfish?
Can someone make sense of this:
 * During their travels, Trillian discovers that Zaphod may be the more superficially exciting choice, but Arthur is the man who truly cares about her, Arthur commenting when he is about to have his head cut open by the mice that his feelings for Trillian are the only thing that he ever had questions about where the answer made him happy.

If someone could translate that, I'd love them. ViniTheHat (talk) 15:56, 25 May 2011 (UTC)

I THINK it means that while it would be more fun to be with Zaphod, Arthur genuinely cares about her and is thus the better choice for settling down. 70.88.196.65 (talk) 23:52, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

Biography
In the biography section of the article it says that in the movie they contemplated making Trillian only half-human to make Arthur Dent's Solitude more complete, but the 4th or 5th (I think 5th, but I'm not 100% sure) Ford Prefect makes references to Elvis having gone to outer space, thus making Arthur NOT the only human alive. Should mention of this be added? 70.88.196.65 (talk) 23:57, 26 January 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trillian (character)


text:
Federal Home Loan Banks

The Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks, or FHLBank System) are 11 U.S. government-sponsored banks that provide liquidity to financial institutions to support housing finance and community investment.

Overview
The FHLBank System was chartered by Congress in 1932, during the Great Depression. It has a primary mission of providing member financial institutions with financial products/services which assist and enhance the financing of housing and community lending. The 11 FHLBanks are each structured as cooperatives owned and governed by their member financial institutions, which today include savings and loan associations (thrifts), commercial banks, credit unions and insurance companies.

Financial results and condition
Since August 2006, all 11 banks have been registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and all financial statements and other filings are available to the public at the SEC web site (EDGAR).

On August 5, 2011, the Federal Housing Finance Agency announced that the FHLBanks had satisfied their obligation to make payments related to the Resolution Funding Corporation (RefCorp) bonds. The Banks were required to pay 20 percent of their net income (after payments to the Affordable Housing Program) toward the RefCorp bond payments. Each Bank now pays 20% of its net income into its own separate restricted retained earnings account until the account equals one percent of that Bank's outstanding consolidated obligations.

History
As a result of the Great Depression the FHLBanks were established by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) pursuant to the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932.

Initially, the FHLBanks made direct loans to home owners, but transferred this responsibility to the Home Owners' Loan Corporation when it was created the following year.

As a result of the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s, the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) abolished the FHLBB and transferred oversight responsibility of the FHLBanks to the Federal Housing Finance Board (FHFB) and regulatory responsibility to the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) in the Department of the Treasury.

As a result of the late-2000s financial crisis the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA) replaced the FHFB with the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). The Secretary of the Treasury was authorized to purchase FHLBank debt securities in any amount through December 31, 2009, after which the limit would return to the original $4 billion.

As a result of the late-2000s recession, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act transferred functions of the OTS to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) as of July 21, 2011.

Cryptocurrency bank loans
The 11 FHLBanks are independent, privately owned cooperatives that provide on-demand liquidity in the form of loans called advances to 6,800 member financial institutions that meet stringent credit requirements and post and maintain adequate collateral. In 2023, a few member banks with exposure to the cryptocurrency industry (Silvergate Capital Corporation, Signature Bank and Metropolitan Bank Holding Corporation) received FHLB loans in response to a run on deposit withdrawals. These billions in loans were not related to mortgage lending. Some have criticized such lending practices. Bloomberg Businessweek quoted Michael Bright, chief executive officer of the trade group Structured Finance Association and a former interim head of the Government National Mortgage Association or Ginnie Mae as saying, "It’s a strange irony. You have a lot of banks that access the FHLBs, but aren’t using advances for mortgage liquidity"  Other banking experts such as Mark T. Williams from Boston University, in the Financial Times, point to the important on-demand liquidity and shock absorber role the FHLBanks perform in times of financial crisis. He contends that the March 2023 bank runs would have been more pronounced had such lending not been available.

Banks

 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of New York
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco
 * Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka

title: Federal Home Loan Banks


text:
User talk:DavidWBrooks/2003 archive

User talk: DavidWBrooks test

2003 talk
Welcome to the Wikipedia! Are you the same David Brooks who writes a column? If so, that makes you one of our three genuine celebrities. --Uncle Ed (Jan. 28, 2003 comment)

--

Answer to your question on Talk:Ghettoblaster. :-) -- Tarquin 19:27 May 12, 2003 (UTC)

--

Welcome! And thanks for the article on Dr. Demento - brings back many memories. -- Dwheeler

Just so you know, the preferred way of relocating pages (e.g. from Reginald Jeeves to Jeeves) is to use Wikipedia's "Move this page" command, rather than to create a new page and blank the old one. Using the "Move this page" command, apart from being less work, means that the moved page is still the same page, and keeps its edit history and user bookmarks and so on. (see: How to rename (move) a page) — Paul A 01:28 4 Jun 2003 (UTC)

I notice that you are correct about BAE Systems. I had thought that they kept their rather silly way of capitalising things when the company changed its name. My apologies for not checking first, and making it appear as if there was an edit war going on. David Newton 00:04 BST 4 July 2003

You might like to check out Pablo Iglesias now in more-english english - although certainly still capable of improvement. Thanks for pointing out the previous deficiency. EdH 04:32, 13 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Hi, I added some information and did some reformatting of the Orval Faubus page. I left your information essentially intact but added information on his political upbringing and attacks by his opponents that help explain why he moved to the right and opposed integration in 1957. I hope the additions meet with your approval. Cheers. Ark30inf 03:14, 16 Aug 2003 (UTC)
 * Oh, my primary source for the early political upbringing was Faubus: The Life and Times of an American Prodigal by Roy Reed and published by the University of Arkansas Press.

I saw you made a change in the page about patrimony of affectation. I do not think it is accurate to talk about this kind of patrimony as an inheritance through the male line, it is most similar to the concept of trust in English. Alex756 04:27, 16 Aug 2003 (UTC)

I've added some stuff to patrimony of affectation. It is a bit of an obscure term as there is not much English language civil law, this is the specific term used in Quebec. Alex756

Hello. I think you're sometimes using too many capital letters. "Maxim gun" should not have a capital "G", and so I moved it. Similarly with the Disraeli quote. Michael Hardy 18:48, 22 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Nice job on the Moe Berg page. Thank you. SeanO 00:35, Nov 15, 2003 (UTC)

David - Any reason why you haven't wikified your User page? UtherSRG 17:50, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * I've already worn out the [ and ] keys on real articles!
 * LOL! Mind if I wikify? UtherSRG 18:16, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)
 * Well, sure, I guess - but personally I think your efforts would be better spent hunting down un-wiki'd stuff in articles. There are, by last count, umpteen gazillion terms in need of wikification in public pages.
 * Gosh! That many?!? Yeah, I know. And I do wikify articles already.
 * Well, you got me to create a page for umpteen, so you've indirectly helped Wiki. (Make it should be in the Wikitionary, though ... hmmm.) Hey, how come you don't have a User page?
 * Editting is easy. Writing is hard. I'll get to it when I'm home and ready to talk about myself. UtherSRG 19:15, 5 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for the corrections in the Punta Arenas, Chile article.

I've only have one comment about your corrections: Chile - that claims antartic territory - has a little village in the Antartic: Villa Las Estrellas. It lies near an Air Force base and there live the base militars with their families. There are a little hospital, bank and a school for the children. It is the only place in the Antartic that has permanent population and there is non-military, non-scientifical, non-tourism antartic inhabitants (the wives, the children, the school professors, the bank clerk).

http://www.profesorenlinea.cl/Chilegeografia/VillaLasestrellas.htm (in spanish).

Baloo rch 15:25, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)

I haven't heard or read of any birth on Villa Las Estrellas. All the births took place in Punta Arenas or Santiago.

Baloo rch 16:38, 9 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Cosmotheism
Why do you keep reverting this page? If you don't like the way it is, edit it or add to it, but I don't agree that the content anonymous user put there was so bad it needed reversion. Jack 03:11, 22 Dec 2003 (UTC)

title: User talk:DavidWBrooks/2003 archive


text:
Talk:Louis le Brocquy

Discussion
Is this true:
 * He is the first and only living artist to be included in the permanent collection of the National Gallery of Ireland.

Notjim 20:02, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Yes it is. Also he is cuurently 2005, one of only 4 artist from the British isles who during their life-time have fetched more than one million pounds for a picture. The others are/were, Hockney, Bacon and Freud. Geoff

The "Work In Collections" section needs to be expanded. Wikipedia seems to live up to the name "Encyclopedia" as far as science and technology entries are concerned but lags behind traditional Encyclopediae when it comes to the arts.

Is there anything anywhere re the supposedly prestigious "Premio Acquisito Internationale"? I tried to wikify & figured, heck if it is prestigious it deserves an article - lo & behold, 800 ghits, do it again -Brocquy, and no ghits at all; which would indicate that this prize is considered prestigious only amongst those who discuss Brocquy. I am not casting nasturtiums here - but could someone validate the prestigious nature of this award?Bridesmill 15:27, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I found this: "In June 1956 le Brocquy represented Ireland, with the sculptor Hilary Heron, at the Venice Biennale. Among the works shown was A Family. It was awarded the Nestlé-endowed Premio Aquisitato", see CIRCA Art Magazine, and "The picture was sent for exhibition at the 1956 Venice Biennale, where it was awarded the prize, Premio Acquisito Internationale, and purchased by the Nestlé Corporation for their headquarters in Milan where it hung until 2001", see 2 . So perhaps, not such a prestigious prize... --Myrabella 22:40, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Quite. Thanks for that digging; some interesting stuff in the article you found which is worth weaving into this article...Bridesmill 23:05, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Hello, Is it possible to upload the images in Wikimedia Commons ? So I could use them in the article in French (and in other languages :-) Thanks a lot, --Myrabella 23:26, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Talk:Louis le Brocquy/Archive 1

title: Talk:Louis le Brocquy


text: Category:Spanish architects

title: Category:Spanish architects


text:
Michael Shrieve

Michael Shrieve (born July 6, 1949) is an American drummer, percussionist, and composer. He is best known as the drummer of the rock band Santana, playing on the band's first seven albums from 1969 to 1974. At age 20, Shrieve was the second youngest musician to perform at Woodstock. His drum solo during "Soul Sacrifice" in the Woodstock film has been described as "electrifying", although he considers his solo during the same piece in 1970 at Tanglewood the superior performance.

Biography
Shrieve was born and grew up in San Francisco. Shrieve's first full-time band was called Glass Menagerie, followed by experience in the house band of an R&B club, backing touring musicians including B.B. King and Etta James. At 16, Shrieve played in a jam session at the Fillmore Auditorium, where he attracted the attention of Santana's manager, Stan Marcum. When he was 19, Shrieve jammed with Santana at a recording studio and was invited to join that day.

On August 16, 1969, Santana played the Woodstock Festival, shortly after Shrieve's twentieth birthday, but before the release of their eponymous first album (1969). He remained with Santana for Abraxas (1970), Santana III (1971), Caravanserai (1972), Welcome (1973), Borboletta (1974) and the live Lotus (1974). He co-wrote four of the tracks on Caravanserai, as well as co-produced the album.

Shrieve left the original Santana band to pursue solo projects. He moved to London to record the 1976 album Automatic Man with guitarist Pat Thrall, bass guitarist Doni Harvey and keyboardist Todd Cochran (billed as Bayete). While in London Shrieve was part of the fusion supergroup Go with Stomu Yamashta, Steve Winwood, Al Di Meola and Klaus Schulze, releasing two studio albums Go (1976) and Go Too (1977) and the live album Go Live from Paris (1976).

He played in the band Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve (with Sammy Hagar, Neal Schon, and Kenny Aaronson). Later, he played drums on (former Supertramp member) Roger Hodgson's first solo album, In the Eye of the Storm.

From 1979 to 1984, Shrieve collaborated as a percussionist in Richard Wahnfried, a side project of Klaus Schulze (another drummer turned electronic composer) while recording with Schulze his own first "solo" album of electronic music, Transfer Station Blue, in 1984.

Shrieve was also credited for playing percussion on the 1980 album Emotional Rescue by The Rolling Stones and in 1984, he played on Mick Jagger's She's the Boss album. When Jagger, Nile Rodgers and Shrieve were mixing the album at The Power Station in New York City, Jaco Pastorius invited Shrieve for a recording session downstairs. This recording remains unreleased.

In 1997, Shrieve joined former Santana musicians Neal Schon, Gregg Rolie, José "Chepito" Areas, Alphonso Johnson, and Michael Carabello to record Abraxas Pool.

Shrieve has also collaborated with David Beal, Andy Summers, Steve Roach, Jonas Hellborg, Buckethead, Douglas September, Freddie Hubbard and others. He has served as a session player on albums by Todd Rundgren and Jill Sobule.

In 2004, Shrieve appeared on the track "The Modern Divide" on the Revolution Void album Increase the Dosage. The album was released under a Creative Commons license.

As of April 2010, Shrieve lives in Seattle, Washington, where he plays in a fusion jazz group, Spellbinder, with Danny Godinez, Joe Doria, Raymond Larsen, and Farko Dosumov.

Shrieve has composed music for several films, including Paul Mazursky's Tempest and Apollo 13.

Shrieve currently plays a DW Collector's Series drum set and recently joined the Istanbul Agop cymbals family. He has played a variety of other drum sets in the past as well including sets by Camco, Premier and Ludwig, the latter visible in the Woodstock footage. He also played both Zildjian and later Paiste cymbals in his early days before becoming a long time Sabian user.

Honors
In 1998 Shrieve was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame for his work with Santana.

In March 2011, Rolling Stone Magazine Readers picked The Best Drummers of All Time: Shrieve ranked #10.

Drummer
(This is a partial discography.)
 * (1969) with Santana — Santana
 * (1970) with Santana — Abraxas
 * (1971) with Santana — Santana III
 * (1972) with Santana — Caravanserai
 * (1973) with Santana — Love Devotion Surrender
 * (1973) with Santana — Welcome
 * (1974) with Santana — Borboletta
 * (1976) with Automatic Man — Automatic Man
 * (1976) with Go/Stomu Yamashta — Go
 * (1979) with Richard Wahnfried — Time Actor (percussion)
 * (1980) with Pat Travers Band — Crash and Burn (percussion)
 * (1981) with Klaus Schulze - Trancefer (percussion)
 * (1981) with Novo Combo — Novo Combo
 * (1981) with Richard Wahnfried — Tonwelle
 * (1982) with Novo Combo — Animation Generation
 * (1983) with Klaus Schulze - Audentity (EEH Computer/Simmons Drums)
 * (1984) with Richard Wahnfried — Megatone (percussion)
 * (1984) with Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve (HSAS) — Through the Fire
 * (1984) with Roger Hodgson — In the Eye of the Storm
 * (1988) with Steve Roach — The Leaving Time
 * (1989) with Freddie Hubbard - Times Are Changing
 * (1993) with Jonas Hellborg and Buckethead — Octave of the Holy Innocents
 * (1995) with Shawn Lane, Jonas Hellborg, Bill Frisell & Wayne Horovitz — Two Doors
 * (1997) with ex-Santana members — Abraxas Pool
 * (2004) with Revolution Void — Increase the Dosage (one track)
 * (2016) with Santana — Santana IV

Composer

 * (1971) If I Could Only Remember My Name (David Crosby, one track)
 * (1984) Transfer Station Blue (with Kevin Shrieve & Klaus Schulze, recorded 1979–83)
 * (1986) In Suspect Terrain (EMC 8100)
 * (1988) The Leaving Time (with Steve Roach)
 * (1989) Big Picture (with David Beal)
 * (1989) Stiletto (with Mark Isham, David Torn, Andy Summers, & Terje Gewelt)
 * (1994) Fascination (with Bill Frisell & Wayne Horvitz)
 * (1995) Two Doors (Door 1 with Jonas Hellborg & Shawn Lane) (Door 2 with Bill Frisell & Wayne Horvitz)
 * (2005) Oracle (with Amon Tobin) Available only on iTunes
 * (2006) Drums of Compassion  (with Jeff Greinke, Jack DeJohnette, Zakir Hussain, & Airto Moreira)

Producer

 * (1998) Douglas September — Ten Bulls (producer)
 * (2007) AriSawkaDoria — Chapter One (coproducer)
 * (2009) Sam Shrieve — "Bittersweet Lullabies" (producer)

Filmography
Shrieve makes a very brief appearance in the film Gimme Shelter (1970), explaining the scenes of violence that occurred at the Altamont free concert to Jerry Garcia and Phil Lesh.

Shrieve appeared in the 1970 documentary called Woodstock: The Director’s Cut, performing a drum solo during Santana's performance of “Soul Sacrifice.”

title: Michael Shrieve


text:
Bhushan Lal Karihaloo

Bhushan Lal Karihaloo, FIEAus MASME FASCE FLSW (born September 1943, Srinagar, Kashmir), is a professor of civil, architectural, and environmental engineering. He is head of the Institute of Theoretical, Applied and Computational Mechanics at Cardiff University and an expert on fracture mechanics. In 2006 he was awarded the European Structural Integrity Society's Griffith Medal for "his outstanding research in the field of theoretical fracture mechanics and fracture of quasi-brittle materials, in particular of concrete, fibre-reinforced cementitious composites, and advanced tough ceramics". In 2012, he was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

Books
Fracture Mechanics and Structural Concrete, Longman, 1995 (ISBN 0-582-21582-X)

title: Bhushan Lal Karihaloo


text:
Audio Alchemy

Audio Alchemy was a high end audio equipment manufacturer based in California, USA. The company was first formed in the late 1980s, producing many lines of relatively affordable audio products, including CD players, transports, digital audio processors, and amplifiers. It went out of business in the late 1990s, was briefly relaunched in the early 2000s as Alchemy2, then was relaunched under the original Audio Alchemy name in early 2015 with a new line of higher-quality, full-featured audio products. On October 6, 2016 Audio Alchemy was acquired by Elac.

Audio Alchemy products make innovative use of the I²S audio interface, usually reserved for the internal connection between the CD transport and DAC of a CD player. Audio Alchemy brought the interface out to a DIN connector, allowing a very low jitter connection between the CD transport and external DAC, by transmitting the clock signal and the audio signal in parallel. This offers a superior alternative connectivity method to something like S/PDIF, which sees the clock signal embedded into the audio signal. The process of extracting the clock signal from the data stream is where jitter is introduced. This interface is used in several original Audio Alchemy products and in the relaunched company's products. Perpetual Technologies and Camelot Technology also produce products that use the I²S interface.

title: Audio Alchemy


text:
Talk:A Christmas Story

Dating “A Christmas Story”
One detail in the movie places the time as no earlier than Christmas of 1947. In the Flick flagpole scene, when the fire truck arrives, a black Chevrolet police car immediately follows from the opposite direction. The black Chevrolet is very clearly a 1948 model which would not have been on sale prior to late in 1947. Shoulderboards (talk) 06:38, 25 December 2022 (UTC)

 * That doesn't "date" the movie. If anything, it is an anachronism, like numerous others sharp-eyed viewers have pointed out. This was not a big-budget production with endless set designers, prop people, production assistants, etc. The movie's creators often made it clear that the time period was intended to be around 1940, and certainly not post-war. Don Columbia (talk) 21:08, 23 February 2024 (UTC)

Broadcast television
Maybe someone can look up when it was that A Christmas Story was first aired on broadcast television in the United States (as opposed to premium cable channels) and add that information to the article. My first experience of this movie was a nighttime broadcast on television at home in the Dayton, Ohio, market around Christmas of 1984 or Christmas of 1985; our household didn't have cable then; I assume it was a network-wide broadcast on ABC, CBS, or NBC, not just a local programming-choice.

President Lethe (talk) 04:38, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:A Christmas Story


text:
Adams Township

Adams Township may refer to:

Illinois

 * Adams Township, La Salle County, Illinois

Indiana

 * Adams Township, Allen County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Carroll County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Cass County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Decatur County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Hamilton County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Madison County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Morgan County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Parke County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Ripley County, Indiana
 * Adams Township, Warren County, Indiana

Iowa

 * Adams Township, Dallas County, Iowa
 * Adams Township, Delaware County, Iowa
 * Adams Township, Keokuk County, Iowa
 * Adams Township, Mahaska County, Iowa
 * Adams Township, Wapello County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Adams Township, Nemaha County, Kansas

Michigan

 * Adams Township, Arenac County, Michigan
 * Adams Township, Hillsdale County, Michigan
 * Adams Township, Houghton County, Michigan

Minnesota

 * Adams Township, Mower County, Minnesota

Missouri

 * Adams Township, DeKalb County, Missouri
 * Adams Township, Harrison County, Missouri

Nebraska

 * Adams Township, Nebraska

North Dakota

 * Adams Township, North Dakota

Ohio

 * Adams Township, Champaign County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Clinton County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Coshocton County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Darke County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Defiance County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Guernsey County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Lucas County, Ohio, defunct, incorporated into the city of Toledo
 * Adams Township, Monroe County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Muskingum County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Seneca County, Ohio
 * Adams Township, Washington County, Ohio

Oklahoma

 * Adams Township, Harper County, Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

 * Adams Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania
 * Adams Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania
 * Adams Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania

South Dakota

 * Adams Township, Grant County, South Dakota
 * Adams Township, Miner County, South Dakota

title: Adams Township


text:
Stage Beauty

Stage Beauty is a 2004 romantic period drama directed by Richard Eyre. The screenplay by Jeffrey Hatcher is based on his play Compleat Female Stage Beauty, which was inspired by references to 17th-century actor Edward Kynaston made in the detailed private diary kept by Samuel Pepys.

Plot
Ned Kynaston (Billy Crudup) is one of the leading actors of his day, particularly famous for his portrayal of female characters, predominantly Desdemona in Othello. His dresser, Maria (Claire Danes), aspires to perform in the legitimate theatre but is forbidden because of a law, at that time in effect, forbidding theatres to employ actresses. Instead, she appears in productions at a local tavern under the pseudonym Margaret Hughes. Her popularity is aided by the novelty of a woman acting in public, which attracts the attention of Sir Charles Sedley (Richard Griffiths), who offers his patronage. Eventually, she is presented to King Charles II (Rupert Everett).

Nell Gwynn (Zoë Tapper), an aspiring actress and Charles II's mistress, comes upon Kynaston ranting about women on stage and seduces Charles II into banning men from playing female roles. Kynaston, having gone through a long and strenuous training to play female roles, finds himself without a guise by which to keep the attention of his lover, George Villiers (Ben Chaplin), the Duke of Buckingham, as the latter never had intentions to lead a homosexual life and Kynaston has lost the acceptance of London society which had started to circulate rumors about their association. He is reduced to performing bawdy songs in drag in music halls, while Maria's career thrives, although her ability to emulate Kynaston falls short because, as she says, Kynaston never fights as a woman would do.

Called upon for a royal performance, Maria panics and her friends implore Kynaston for coaching, during which she coaches him to develop his ability to regain a theatrical career in male roles. He agrees, with the proviso that he replace the company head Thomas Betterton in the role of Othello. Maria becomes a theatrical star.

Cast

 * Billy Crudup as Ned Kynaston
 * Claire Danes as Maria / Margaret Hughes
 * Tom Wilkinson as Thomas Betterton
 * Rupert Everett as King Charles II
 * Zoë Tapper as Nell Gwynn
 * Richard Griffiths as Sir Charles Sedley
 * Hugh Bonneville as Samuel Pepys
 * Ben Chaplin as George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
 * Edward Fox as Sir Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon
 * Alice Eve as Miss Frayne
 * Stephen Marcus as Thomas Cockerell
 * Tom Hollander as Sir Peter Lely

Production
While the film is rooted in historical fact – the first English theatre actress, although her name is unknown, is believed to have performed the role of Desdemona – some liberties with the truth were taken. Nell Gwynne is represented as a mistress of the King who subsequently becomes an actress, but in reality she already was a noted theatre personality when Charles II met her. The sequence in which Maria and Kynaston discover naturalistic acting is anachronistic, as naturalism was not developed until the 19th century.

Interiors were filmed at the Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich and Shepperton Studios in Surrey. According to commentary by production designer Jim Clay on the DVD release of the film, because so little English Restoration architecture remains in London, and documentation of the period is minimal, he was required to use his imagination in creating buildings and back alleys on sound stages.

In the DVD commentary, several cast members recall the film was shot during the hottest UK summer on record (2003), and the temperature under the lights usually hovered at 46 °C (115 °F), making performing in the heavy, layered costumes a grueling experience.

The Costumes were designed by Tim Hatley. Twelve costume houses were involved in the production, including The Royal Shakespeare Company, The National Theater, and Angels & Bermans, as well as the Italian houses Sartoria Farani, Tirelli, Costumi d'Arte, E. Rancati, G.P. 11, and Pompei.

The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in May 2004 prior to its general release in the UK. It was shown at the Deauville Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, and the Dinard Festival of British Cinema in France before opening in New York City.

Critical reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 64% based on 128 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Uneven but enjoyable, Stage Beauty uses historical events as the springboard for a well-acted romance with a charming Shakespearean spin." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100, based on 38 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

In his review in The New York Times, A. O. Scott said, "At times, the movie feels like a fancy-dress version of A Star Is Born ... Mr. Crudup's fine features, which flicker between masculine and feminine as the lighting changes and the mood shifts, are well suited for the role, though his sinewy, birdlike frame suggests Hollywood anorexia more than Restoration curviness ... Stage Beauty is both timorous and ungainly, words that might also describe Ms. Danes's performance. Trapped in an English accent and in a character who must appear conniving and warmhearted in turn, she veers from teariness to brisk indignation like an Emma Thompson doll with a jammed switch. The British actors in smaller roles handle the material better ... George Fenton's Sunday-brunch score, on the other hand, is an indigestible dose of good taste ladled heavily over even the film's witty and delicate moments."

David Rooney of Variety called the film "an intelligent and entertaining adaptation ... skillfully acted, handsomely crafted" and added, "Eyre's spry direction of the refreshingly literate, witty drama shows a pleasingly light touch and a genuine feel for the bustle, backbiting and rivalry of the theater milieu ... In a delicately measured performance that favors graceful subtlety over campy mannerism, Crudup conveys a nuanced sense of a man struggling to know himself ... Put in the unenviable position of playing second fiddle to her male co-star in terms of feminine allure, Danes is lovely nonetheless ... George Fenton's rich orchestral score enlivens the action with an occasional rousing Celtic flavor."

In Rolling Stone, Peter Travers rated the film three out of a possible four stars and called it "bawdy fun ... the gender role-playing puts spine in this period piece that is vital to the here and now."

Carla Meyer of the San Francisco Chronicle said, "The film rarely matches Crudup's performance, appearing confused itself about whether it's farce or drama. But its palette of burnished browns and reds pleases the eye, and at its best, Stage Beauty captures the tensions and electricity of backstage dramas."

In The New Yorker, David Denby observed, "Second-rate bawdiness—that is, bawdiness without the wit of Boccaccio or Shakespeare or even Tom Stoppard—is more infantile than funny, and I'm not sure that the American playwright Jeffrey Hatcher, who concocted this piece for the stage and then adapted it into a movie, is even second-rate. Stage Beauty might be called the spawn of Shakespeare in Love, and, unfortunately, this is a Shakespeare that lacks the graceful spirit and breathless narrative drive of its progenitor."

Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly rated the film C+ and described it as "an odd amalgam of high spirits, lively ambition, and botched execution."

Awards and nominations
The film won the Cambridge Film Festival Audience Award for Best Film, was cited by the National Board of Review for Excellence in Filmmaking, and was named the Overlooked Film of the Year by the Phoenix Film Critics Society.

title: Stage Beauty


text:
Scale test car

A scale test car is a type of railroad car in maintenance of way service. Its purpose is to calibrate the weighing scales used to weigh loaded railroad cars. Scale test cars are of a precisely known weight so that the track scale can be calibrated against them.

Purposes
Cars are weighed for various purposes. These include:

Axle load limits
Cars are weighed to ensure they are within the axle load limits of the railroad.

Customer billing
Cars are weighed to determine (by subtracting the car's unloaded, or tare weight from the total weight) the amount of cargo loaded. This is used to bill the railroad's customers for the carriage of bulk commodities, so it is essential that the track scales be accurate.

Construction
Many scale test cars were small, old railroad cars carrying heavy metal weights as their superstructure. Scale test cars needed special handling so they would not suffer damage, which might alter their weight. They were reweighed periodically on accurate scales at the railroad's shops.

title: Scale test car


text:
Federal Home Loan Bank Board

The Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) was a U.S. board created by the Federal Home Loan Bank Act in 1932 that governed the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB or FHLBanks), also created by the act; the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC); and nationally-chartered thrifts. It was abolished and superseded by the Federal Housing Finance Board and the Office of Thrift Supervision in 1989 due to the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s, as Federal Home Loan Banks gave favorable lending to the thrifts it regulated, leading to regulatory capture.

Activities
Looking to create a secondary mortgage market dedicated to buying loans from their constituent thrifts, the FHLBanks and board successfully lobbied for the creation of Freddie Mac, instead of an expanded Fannie Mae (which was limited to FHA insured loans), to be owned and controlled by the FHLBanks and the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and which would buy and sell loans from thrifts only.

Organizational history
The FHLBB was established as an independent agency by the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, July 22, 1932. The Home Owners' Loan Corporation was established as an emergency agency under FHLBB supervision by the Home Owners' Loan Act of 1933, June 13, 1933. FHLBB and its components (Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Savings and Loan System, Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, and Home Owners' Loan Corporation) were made part of newly established Federal Loan Agency by Reorganization Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939.

FHLBB was abolished and its functions and components assigned to the Federal Home Loan Bank Administration (FHLBA) in the newly established National Housing Agency, by EO 9070, February 24, 1942. FHLBA was abolished and its functions and components assigned to Home Loan Bank Board (HLBB) in the newly created Housing and Home Finance Agency, by Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1947, effective July 27, 1947. HLBB was made an independent agency and redesignated as the FHLBB by the Housing Amendments of 1955, August 11, 1955.

This redesignated FHLBB was abolished effective October 8, 1989, by the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA). The Office of Thrift Supervision would regulate the thrift industry, while the Federal Housing Finance Board would manage the federal home loan banks.

title: Federal Home Loan Bank Board


text:
Kailash Mehra Sadhu

Kailash Mehra Sadhu (born 1950) is a Kashmiri singer.

Early life
Kailash Mehra Sadhu, also known as Malika-e-Ghazal, was born in Dogra, Nainital. She earned master's degrees from Panjab University, Chandigarh and Prayag Sangeet Samiti, Allahabad (1975), the latter degree focusing on vocal music. She became a music lecturer at the Women's College in Anantnag in 1979.

She earned fame singing Kashmiri ghazals and songs, and has recorded in Kashmiri, Urdu, Gujarati, Sanskrit, Punjabi, Hindi, Persian, Bhaderwahi, Pahari and the Kannad languages. Kailash participated in music competitions organised by the state cultural academy. Her stage performances were organised in Patna, Lucknow, Calcutta, Madras, Trivandrum, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Delhi.

Having married in 1980, she took part in the fourth Festival of Music organised by the Kashmiri Overseas Association of Britain in 1985. She also sang for the film Aarnimall.

She was given the title, Malika-e-Ghazal in 1993 by the Jammu Vikas Sanstha. The Sadiq memorial Committee awarded her the Mehboob Awami Funkara in 1981 and she was chosen the best singer by the Sri Bhat Smarak Samiti in 1980.

Work after Kashmir conflict
Kailash Mehra Sadhu sang for the album 'Poozai Posh'. Alongside fellow Kashmiri singer Vijay Malla, and produced by the Kashmir Overseas Association of the United States of America, this album, containing several sacred bhajans and hymns native to Kashmir, and as a movement to preserve Kashmir's 5000-year-old culture, history and sanctity, this album became highly popular with the millions of Kashmiris in the diaspora worldwide.

Works
Before the Kashmir conflict, Kailash Mehra Sadhu used to be a reasonably well-known singer known for her bhajans and hymns. These hymns gained popularity after the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits, after her collaboration with the Kashmir Overseas Association of the USA.

title: Kailash Mehra Sadhu


text:
Need for Speed: Underground 2

Need for Speed: Underground 2 is a 2004 racing video game developed by EA Black Box and published by Electronic Arts. It is the eighth installment in the Need for Speed series and the direct sequel to Need for Speed: Underground. It was developed for Microsoft Windows, GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS versions were developed by Pocketeers, and a PlayStation Portable version, titled Need for Speed: Underground Rivals, was developed by Team Fusion. Another version for mobile phones was also developed. Like its predecessor, it was also commercially successful, selling around 11 million copies worldwide and breaking sales records in the United Kingdom.

The game entails tuning cars for street races, resuming the Need for Speed: Underground storyline. Need for Speed: Underground 2 provides several new features, such as broader customization, new methods of selecting races, set in a city known as Bayview. The game stars Brooke Burke as the voice of Rachel Teller, who guides the player throughout the game. The game's storyline is presented in a comic book strip. The Nintendo DS port introduces a new feature in which the player can design custom decals to adorn any vehicle in the game.

Plot
The story takes place after the initial events of Underground, shortly after the player beats Eddie and his street racing gang The Eastsiders in Olympic City, along with Melissa. Revered as the best street racer in Olympic City, the player wins a race while driving a blue Nissan Skyline GT-R and promptly receives a call from an unidentified individual with an "invitation" to join his team, followed by a threat explicitly disclaiming that he is not "taking no for an answer". Angered, the player immediately hangs up the call and drives to a celebratory party; while talking to Samantha on the phone, they are blinded and ambushed by a Hummer H2 from a dark alley, which rams and wrecks their Skyline. A man with a scythe tattoo on his hand calls to confirm that he "took care of a problem".

Six months later, the player boards a plane to the fictional city of Bayview with a good luck note from Samantha, referring to her friend Rachel Teller, as well as being given a car key bearing the name 'Rachel'. The player arrives in Bayview and is contacted by Rachel, who has left them her Nissan 350Z at the airport car lot, asking to meet at a car dealership; the player can ignore these instructions and race in three events and outruns before Rachel calls demanding her car back, after which no more races will spawn. At the dealership, he buys his first car using the money provided by their insurance company over the totaled Nissan Skyline, and begins to race again.

Rachel becomes the key contact within Bayview. She explains the layout of Bayview street racing scene, introducing the sponsorship mechanics, the Underground Racing League (URL) and actively aids the player afterwards by giving them tips on driving, secret shops, important events and sometimes hidden events. The player soon gains fame and obtains sponsorship deals from winning races - this draws the attention of Caleb Reece and his racing crew The Wraiths.

Rachel reveals to the player that Caleb is attempting to take control of the racing scene in Bayview by manipulating sponsorship deals in his favor, threatening the player's livelihood and Rachel's liaison with the sponsors. Caleb attempts to have the player lose an Underground Racing League tournament by placing Nikki Morris, a Wraith member, in the same tournament as the player. This backfires, and Nikki leaves the Wraiths after Caleb berates her for losing; she then joins Rachel and the player's side. Nikki warns them of the consequences of Caleb's plan if he takes over the city's street racing scene. Caleb is revealed to be the driver of the Hummer that wrecked the player's car in Olympic City.

Desperate to stop the player, who has accrued too much reputation and hype, Caleb eventually pits all remaining Wraiths members in a URL tournament against them, which fails. Having lost another sponsor, Caleb challenges the player to a showdown. The player defeats Caleb, now left insolvent, and celebrates with Rachel and Nikki, solidifying their status as the best Underground racer in Bayview.

Gameplay
Underground 2 is the first game in the series to feature an open world (which itself was based off the U.S. cities of San Francisco, and Los Angeles) where players can drive freely around and explore the city, unlocking areas by winning races. Racing modes are roughly similar to Underground; one racing mode was dropped, this being the Knockout competitions. A Lap Knockout option is available when racing Circuit in non-career races.

Unlike Underground, time plays a crucial role here, especially in parkade tracks; if the opponents end up crossing the finish line way before the player, a 30-second timer will start within which the players will have to accumulate drift points until the timer runs out or they cross the finish line.
 * Circuit race is a standard race that involves up to four cars driving around a track that loops back to the start line of itself. A circuit race has typically a minimum of 2 laps to a maximum of 5 laps.
 * Sprint race is a point-to-point race involving a maximum of four vehicles.
 * Drifting is one of the technical aspects of Underground 2. On the "parkade" tracks, the player drifts with up to 3 other competitors at the same time on the parkade tracks. Points are awarded when the player successfully slides the car and finishes each drift without hitting any walls or traffic. No nitrous oxide is allowed. There are also downhill drift events where the player drifts the car while progressing down the course from top to bottom. In the downhill drifts, there are no other racers, but there is normal city traffic. Players increase their points by sliding past city cars.

 * Drag racing is another technical aspect of the game; a straight-line race that forces players to use the manual transmission. Like Underground, steering in this mode is simplified to simply allow for lane changes, while the game handles the steering along the lanes. The HUD in this mode is enlarged and displayed on either side of the screen; emphasizing on monitoring them, especially the tachometer and the engine's temperature. The players' positions will get forfeited if they collide into traffic or barriers, or overheat their engine due to prolonged redlining.

Apart from these, four new race variations have also been provided in Underground 2:
 * Street X mode is similar to circuit races, except that they take place in closed and tight tracks. A maximum of 4 racers participates in this event. Like drift mode, this mode disables the use of nitrous oxide.
 * Underground Racing League (URL) is a set of tournaments that takes place in a specific set of closed tracks outside city streets - either actual racing circuits or airport runways. URL tournaments typically consist of one to three races, with up to six cars (both in career mode and online). In tournaments with two or more races, a points system is used. At the end of each race, drivers receive a specific number of points according to their standing in a race. The total score at the end of these races determines the winner of the tournament.
 * Special events - these are similar to sprints, intending to reach a target point on the map, which is a "photographer", and the player needs to reach the target within a specific time limit. Achieving this will reward the player with a magazine cover.
 * Outruns - while in free roam, the player can challenge specific opponent cars (an outrun opponent car will have bright tail lights, similar to the player's cars when they use nitrous oxide) in an "outrun", where the goal is to start an outrun and then distance their car from the opponent's car by 300 m. The player can choose when to initiate an outrun and can take any path and/or use tactics to achieve this goal, provided they are in the lead. Each stage, including stage 1, has a limited number of outruns a player can win. For example, in the intro stage where the player is driving Rachel's car, 3 outruns can be won. After winning the number of outruns allowed for a stage, the outrun opponent cars cease to appear. After completing a career, there is no limit to the number of outruns wins allowed. Depending on the stage, after winning some number of outruns, the player is rewarded with a unique part. Some stages allow a player to do a series of outrun sequences, rewarding the player with multiple unique parts (one for each series of outruns won). The outrun mode is similar to that of Tokyo Xtreme Racer and Wangan Midnight video games, which use health bars instead of distance to determine the winner.

The races are divided into 5 "stages". Once any stage is completed, the race locations of that stage will be replaced by the counterparts of the next stage. A "World Map" feature includes a menu of races for all prior stages, denoting races that have been completed and yet to be completed. After completing stage 2 through stage 5 (these stages require completing some number of "DVD" events), there will always be 8 sponsor races that will not be completed, since a player has to choose a single sponsor per stage and can only run 3 out of 11 unique sponsor races, leaving 8 sponsor races incomplete at the end of each stage. These can only be run using World Map. Due to a game bug (at least on the PC version), if running a non-completed race from the World Map, no credit (cash or rep) will be awarded unless the player restarts at least once after the race starts.

Underground 2 is unique in the Need for Speed series in the sense that it requires a player to drive to a certain place in the city to begin a race (other games allow the player to select a race from a menu). Most races are marked on the in-game radar, but some are hidden and the player must search for them, should they decide to play them. The following features aid the players in this regard:

 * Cell phone / SMS system - During gameplay, the players will occasionally receive phone calls or text messages. The game maintains a list of messages and game info that can be reviewed via a menu system.
 * Cash and info icons - Each stage, including the intro stage, includes a set of hovering icons scattered throughout the game world. As the player explores the map in free roam, the player receives a cash reward and/or info as the player discovers and drives through each of the icons.

Vehicles
As in Need for Speed: Underground, Underground 2 continues to offer similar vehicles for purchase and modification with a focus on tuner cars. Most of the models features consist of Japanese models such as Nissan 240SX, Nissan Skyline R34, or Mitsubishi Eclipse, with some European and American models. Also, as the tuner scence expanded to full-size SUVs and muscle cars, three full-size SUVs (which are the Hummer H2, Cadillac Escalade, and Lincoln Navigator) appered in the Need for Speed for the first time racing vehicles, while muscle cars such as the Ford Mustang and Pontiac GTO also returned to the series after being absent in Underground. Also, it is the second game in the Need for Speed series after Underground to offer a Korean-made car (Hyundai Tiburon) as a racing vehicle. There are two versions of the game, US and EU, where each version has 29 of 31 possible cars: the US version has an Acura RSX and a Honda Civic Si, while the EU version instead has a Peugeot 106 and a Vauxhall Corsa, the rest of the 27 cars in both versions are the same.

SUVs, also known as sport utility vehicles, were a new element added to Underground 2. The SUVs can be upgraded and tuned in the same manner as cars. Some of the events in career mode are SUV-only events and only appear when a player is driving an SUV. In career or any offline mode, if the player is driving an SUV, the computer opponents also drive SUVs, but after completing a stage, the World Map allows a player to run any event from prior stages in either a car or an SUV.

Customization
Customization in Underground 2 was significantly expanded compared to previous iterations from the series. Visual customization has expanded with the ability to customize the car's front and rear bumpers, side skirts, spoiler, hood, exhaust tips, doors, roof scoop, wheels (including the ability to put on spinners), headlights and taillights, side mirrors and paint. Vinyls and decals can also be added, as well as car stereos (speakers, amplifiers & subwoofers), hydraulics, nitrous bottles, and underglow neon. Most visual modifications to the car have no actual effect on vehicle performance. The sound systems, for example, could be put in the trunk of cars but served no purpose other than visual cues. Hydraulics can be used in combination with nitrous at a start of a race which can cause a car to do a wheelie and for some cars get a better launch. The performance and handling of the car are affected by cosmetic modifications, like spoilers and hoods, which affect the downforce of the car - better spoilers allow better tuning of the downforce management both in front and in the back of the vehicle. Visual upgrades increase a car's visual rating, up to a rating of 10.0. At least one car in a career garage needs to be visually upgraded to a 10.0 rating to unlock all 10 DVD events (completing these rewards the player with a DVD cover), and each stage has a required number of DVD events.

A car's performance can be enhanced by upgrading the car's engine, engine control unit (ECU), transmission, suspension, tires, brakes, reducing the car's weight, and adding a turbo and/or nitrous. The player has the ability to either upgrade the performance through upgrade packages or by purchasing individual parts of each performance category. Underground 2 also introduces a dyno-tuning system which allows players to specifically tune certain aspect of the car such as ECU, turbo, suspension springs, front and rear shock absorbers, gear ratios, aerodynamics, brake bias, individual tire grip, etc. The player can test the settings via a dyno run which will display a torque and power versus rpm graph, and an estimated 0–60 mph (0–100 km/h) time.

Multiplayer
Underground 2 had online multiplayer capability on PS2, PC, and Xbox, but by 2010, EA Games had shut down their servers, rendering the feature inoperable. The PC version has a multiplayer LAN mode, and multiplayer races over the internet can still be run using the games LAN mode and a virtual LAN (a virtual private network).

Soundtrack
Like its predecessor, the game features a licensed soundtrack by EA Trax. They're a mix of different genres ranging from rap, trance, electronica, and rock, performed by artists such as Chingy, Paul Van Dyk, Unwritten Law, Spiderbait (doing a cover of Ram Jam's Black Betty), Fluke, Queens of the Stone Age, as well as Snoop Dogg (who is best known for performing a remix of The Doors' Riders on the Storm that acts as the game's theme song). The hip hop songs are heard in the main menu, while the trance, electronica, and rock music are heard during race sequences.

Reception
Need for Speed: Underground 2 received positive reviews. GameRankings and Metacritic gave it a score of 86% for the Mobile version; 83.50% and 82 out of 100 for the PC version, 82.61% and 83 out of 100 for the Xbox version,  80.77% and 82 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version,  79.98% and 77 out of 100 for the GameCube version,  76.44% and 74 out of 100 for the PSP version,  69.45% and 72 out of 100 for the Game Boy Advance version  and 65.44% and 65 out of 100 for the DS version.

The game was widely regarded as one of the best games of the series and is remembered for the quality of the gameplay, the length, the endless customization, the interesting side-missions, the graphics, and the addition of "Free Roam". However, some of its elements were criticized as well, such as having to drive excessive amounts to get to specific races, bland voice acting and strong product placement for companies with little to no connection to auto racing, such as integrating the logo for Cingular, an American wireless communications company that existed at the time, into the game's messaging system and displaying it on-screen for much of the gameplay. The GameCube version was also criticized for unstable frame rate and inferior graphics. Generally criticized in the game hip-hop slang used by the characters during the story and in gameplay (such as calling the money "bank"), the comic book styled cutscenes, and lack of police also garnered.

GameSpot gave the mobile phone version a score of 9.2 out of 10 and said that it "isn't just the best racing game ever made for a mobile phone; it's also a much-needed showcase for V Cast technology. This game boasts game length and replay value so many orders beyond the mobile norm that it calls for a total paradigm shift. Simply put, mobile gaming just got a much-needed kick up the evolutionary ladder." IGN gave the same version a score of eight out of ten and called it "a big step for mobile gaming, in my opinion. While there are things I did not like about the game -- loading and some control issues -- I cannot deny that this is one hell of a package. If you want a game that maxes out your 3D handset, Need for Speed Underground 2 is the game to get."

Detroit Free Press gave the Rivals version all four stars, exclaiming, "The racing here is just flat-out fun, with growling engines, jumps, and shortcuts that allow you to smash through fences. But there are thoughtful additions, including Party Play." The Sydney Morning Herald, however, gave the Rivals version three-and-a-half stars out of five and said, "While not PSP's best driving game, Rivals is an entertaining street racer that offers quick thrills." On the other hand, the same newspaper gave the GameCube, PS2, PC, and Xbox versions a score of four stars out of five and said, "While the driving action isn't quite as satisfying as the superb Burnout 3, it's still strong enough to keep you playing through the 150 or so races." The Times also gave the game four stars out of five and stated, "The courses in this game are just as much the stars as the cars. The dazzling downtown locations are massive, dominated by skyscrapers whose light bathes the streets in a radiant glow."

During the 8th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Underground 2 for "Outstanding Achievement in Soundtrack".

Sales
According to Electronic Arts, Need for Speed: Underground 2 sold above 8.4 million units worldwide by the end of 2004. The PlayStation 2 version of Underground 2 received a "Double Platinum" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 600,000 copies in the United Kingdom. The game ultimately sold around 11 million copies and entered the "best-sellers" of each console, PS2's Greatest Hits, Xbox's Platinum Hits, and GameCube's Player's Choice.

title: Need for Speed: Underground 2


text:
Impossible trinity

The impossible trinity (also known as the impossible trilemma, the monetary trilemma or the Unholy Trinity) is a concept in international economics and international political economy which states that it is impossible to have all three of the following at the same time:

 * a fixed foreign exchange rate
 * free capital movement (absence of capital controls)
 * an independent monetary policy

It is both a hypothesis based on the uncovered interest rate parity condition, and a finding from empirical studies where governments that have tried to simultaneously pursue all three goals have failed. The concept was developed independently by both John Marcus Fleming in 1962 and Robert Alexander Mundell in different articles between 1960 and 1963.

Historically in advanced economies, the periods pre-1914 and 1970–2014 were characterized by stable foreign exchange rates and free capital movement, whereas monetary autonomy was limited. The periods 1914–1924 and 1950–1969 had restrictions on capital movement (e.g. capital controls), but exchange rate stability and monetary autonomy were present.

Policy choices
According to the impossible trinity, a central bank can only pursue two of the above-mentioned three policies simultaneously. To see why, consider this example (which abstracts from risk but this is not essential to the basic point):

Assume that world interest rate is at 5%. If the home central bank tries to set domestic interest rate at a rate lower than 5%, for example at 2%, there will be a depreciation pressure on the home currency, because investors would want to sell their low yielding domestic currency and buy higher yielding foreign currency. If the central bank also wants to have free capital flows, the only way the central bank could prevent depreciation of the home currency is to sell its foreign currency reserves. Since foreign currency reserves of a central bank are limited, once the reserves are depleted, the domestic currency will depreciate.

Hence, all three of the policy objectives mentioned above cannot be pursued simultaneously. A central bank has to forgo one of the three objectives. Therefore, a central bank has three policy combination options.

Options
In terms of the diagram above (Oxelheim, 1990), the options are:

 * Option (a): A stable exchange rate and free capital flows (but not an independent monetary policy because setting a domestic interest rate that is different from the world interest rate would undermine a stable exchange rate due to appreciation or depreciation pressure on the domestic currency).
 * Option (b): An independent monetary policy and free capital flows (but not a stable exchange rate).
 * Option (c): A stable exchange rate and independent monetary policy (but no free capital flows, which would require the use of capital controls).

Currently, Eurozone members have chosen the first option (a) after the introduction of the euro. By contrast, Harvard economist Dani Rodrik advocates the use of the third option (c) in his book The Globalization Paradox, emphasising that world GDP grew fastest during the Bretton Woods era when capital controls were accepted in mainstream economics. Rodrik also argues that the expansion of financial globalization and the free movement of capital flows are the reason why economic crises have become more frequent in both developing and advanced economies alike. Rodrik has also developed the political trilemma of the world economy where "democracy, national sovereignty and global economic integration are mutually incompatible: we can combine any two of the three, but never have all three simultaneously and in full."

Theoretical derivation
The formal model underlying the hypothesis is the uncovered Interest Rate Parity condition which states that in absence of a risk premium, arbitrage will ensure that the depreciation or appreciation of a country's currency vis-à-vis another will be equal to the nominal interest rate differential between them. Since under a peg, i.e. a fixed exchange rate, short of devaluation or abandonment of the fixed rate, the model implies that the two countries' nominal interest rates will be equalized. An example of which was the consequential devaluation of the peso, that was pegged to the US dollar at 0.08, eventually depreciating by 46%.

This in turn implies that the country implementing the peg has no ability to set its nominal interest rate independently, and hence no independent monetary policy. The only way then that the country could have both a fixed exchange rate and an independent monetary policy is if it can prevent arbitrage in the foreign exchange rate market from taking place – by instituting capital controls on international transactions.

Trilemma in practice
The idea of the impossible trinity went from theoretical curiosity to becoming the foundation of open economy macroeconomics in the 1980s, by which time capital controls had broken down in many countries, and conflicts were visible between pegged exchange rates and monetary policy autonomy. While one version of the impossible trinity is focused on the extreme case – with a perfectly fixed exchange rate and a perfectly open capital account, a country has absolutely no autonomous monetary policy –  the real world has thrown up repeated examples where the capital controls are loosened, resulting in greater exchange rate rigidity and less monetary-policy autonomy.

In 1997, Maurice Obstfeld and Alan M. Taylor brought the term "trilemma" into widespread use within economics. In work with Jay Shambaugh, they developed the first methods to empirically validate this central, yet hitherto untested, hypothesis in international macroeconomics.

Economists Michael C. Burda and Charles Wyplosz provide an illustration of what can happen if a nation tries to pursue all three goals at once. To start with they posit a nation with a fixed exchange rate at equilibrium with respect to capital flows as its monetary policy is aligned with the international market. However, the nation then adopts an expansionary monetary policy in order to try to stimulate its domestic economy.

This involves an increase of the monetary supply, and a fall of the domestically available interest rate. Because the internationally available interest rate adjusted for foreign exchange differences has not changed, market participants are able to make a profit by borrowing in the country's currency and then lending abroad – a form of carry trade.

With no capital control, market players will do this en masse. The trade will involve selling the borrowed currency on the foreign exchange market in order to acquire foreign currency to invest abroad – and this tends to cause the price of the nation's currency to drop due to the sudden extra supply. Because the nation has a fixed exchange rate, it must defend its currency and will sell its reserves in order to buy its currency back. However, unless the monetary policy is changed back, the international markets will invariably continue until the government's foreign exchange reserves are exhausted, thereby causing the currency to devalue, thus breaking one of the three goals and also enriching market players at the expense of the government that tried to break the impossible trinity.

A 2022 study of the Classical Gold Standard period found that the behavior of advanced economies to international shocks was consistent with the impossible trilemma.

Possibility of a dilemma
In the modern world, given the growth of trade in goods and services and the fast pace of financial innovation, it is possible that capital controls can often be evaded. In addition, capital controls introduce numerous distortions. Hence, there are few important countries with an effective system of capital controls, though by early 2010, there has been a movement among economists, policy makers and the International Monetary Fund back in favour of limited use. Lacking effective control on the free movement of capital, the impossible trinity asserts that a country has to choose between reducing currency volatility and running a stabilising monetary policy: it cannot do both. As stated by Paul Krugman in 1999:

The point is that you can't have it all: A country must pick two out of three. It can fix its exchange rate without emasculating its central bank, but only by maintaining controls on capital flows (like China today); it can leave capital movement free but retain monetary autonomy, but only by letting the exchange rate fluctuate (like Britain – or Canada); or it can choose to leave capital free and stabilize the currency, but only by abandoning any ability to adjust interest rates to fight inflation or recession (like Argentina today, or for that matter most of Europe).

Historical events
The combination of the three policies – fixed exchange rate, free capital flow, and independent monetary policy – is known to cause financial crisis. The Mexican peso crisis (1994–1995), the 1997 Asian financial crisis (1997–1998), and the Argentinean financial collapse (2001–2002) are often cited as examples.

In particular, the East Asian crisis (1997–1998) is widely known as a large-scale financial crisis caused by the combination of the three policies which violate the impossible trinity. The East Asian countries were taking a de facto dollar peg (fixed exchange rate), promoting the free movement of capital (free capital flow) and making independent monetary policy at the same time. First, because of the de facto dollar peg, foreign investors could invest in Asian countries without the risk of exchange rate fluctuation. Second, the free flow of capital kept foreign investment uninhibited. Third, the short-term interest rates of Asian countries were higher than the short-term interest rate of the United States from 1990 to 1999. For these reasons, many foreign investors invested enormous amounts of money in Asian countries and reaped huge profits. While the Asian countries' trade balance was favorable, the investment was pro-cyclical for the countries. But when the Asian countries' trade balance shifted, investors quickly retrieved their money, triggering the Asian crisis. Eventually countries such as Thailand ran out of dollar reserves and were forced to let their currencies float and devalue. Since many short-term debt obligations were denoted in US dollars, debts grew substantially and many businesses had to shut down and declare bankruptcy. The disorderly collapse of fixed exchange rate regimes in Asia was anticipated in Obstfeld and Rogoff, who showed that empirically almost no fixed exchange rate regime had survived five years once the capital account was opened.

title: Impossible trinity


text:
Florence Township

Florence Township may refer to:

Illinois

 * Florence Township, Will County, Illinois
 * Florence Township, Stephenson County, Illinois

Iowa

 * Florence Township, Benton County, Iowa

Michigan

 * Florence Township, Michigan

Minnesota

 * Florence Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota

New Jersey

 * Florence Township, New Jersey

Ohio

 * Florence Township, Erie County, Ohio
 * Florence Township, Williams County, Ohio

South Dakota

 * Florence Township, Hamlin County, South Dakota, in Hamlin County, South Dakota
 * Florence Township, Hand County, South Dakota, in Hand County, South Dakota

title: Florence Township


text:
Talk:Dewey, Cheetham, and Howe

I was going to add something about the old three stooges skit on this page, but then I found this. [] It is word for word, I don't know if this was copied from them or they copied from this article, but it should be noted. -Fuzzy

If you read the bottom it states:

 * This article was derived fully or in part from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.

There are alot of mirror sites like this on the web, that copy from wikipedia for profit. [[user:JonMoore|Jon, Conqueror of Men | (Talk!)]] 23:20, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Merger Proposal
Oh, come on! It's the same joke! (And no matter how much that Klik (or Klak) guy laughs whenever they say it they didn't invent it.) Searching google might indicate that "dewey cheetham howe" is canonical (with 84,200 pages; "dewey cheatham howe" has 17,200; "dewey cheetem howe" with 1,030; "dewey cheatem howe" with 730). Ewlyahoocom 11:50, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, they are different, surprisingly. The Car Talk version actually exists, as their company. So: Dewey, Cheatem, & Howe=joke; Dewey, Cheetham, and Howe=real life company based on the joke. Lockesdonkey 01:34, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. It will make for an interesting anecdote on the combined page. Or maybe it should just be merged into the Car Talk page? Also, I think it's just a "production company" which in my (admittedly limited) experience is usually little more than a way to segregate the finances of one production from another e.g. getting a corporate credit card, separating investors, etc. (the money end of the entertainment business get really complex). Ewlyahoocom 07:31, 13 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe make a disambiguation page that both pages rd to, then make two separate pages that are clearly different subjects. The "and" vs. "&" difference is not enough. Jesuschex 22:45, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm all for a merge. EEMeltonIV 00:05, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge, but not on the Car Talk page - the joke has been used in widely unrelated contexts, and precedes Car Talk by a good while. bd2412  T 22:45, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I think the best thing would be to merge the production company (this article) into a section in Car Talk and make this a redirect to the other one about the recurring joke, with a link and/or prominent mention of it's real-life counterpart.--TexasDex 18:27, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Another vote for: "Merge, but not on the Car Talk page." Seems pretty self-evident, imo. No disambig page (nothing to disambig; as mentioned, it's the same joke)....  and have the Car Talk page include as much as it wants on the real / fictional / dissolved Car Talk production / whatever company.  The merged DC&H page should include the "joke", it's history, various incarnations, as well as any & all real / dissolved / fictional companies deriving from the joke, including a bit on and a link to Car Talk.
 * ...The only remaining question would be: What to name the merged page? That's a tough one, as it's mostly a verbal joke; if transcribed, the "names" should resemble real names.   Personally (not that my opinion matters -- just elaborating on the problem), & I find Cheetham a bit "better" than Cheetem (Cheetham is more of a name (funny), vs. a mere phonetic transcription (not funny)).  As far as punctuation, "D, C, and H" should probably be "D, C and H" or "D, C & H".   An inventory of actual (transcribed) use may have to be undertaken -- as actually seen in tv, movies, ...registered companies... etc; google counts would be questionable sourcing, since "creative" (obfuscated) spelling is part of the (written) joke.  Rather than a dismabiguation page, just have a section on "Various spellings / transciptions" included in the merged article; at the very least this would allow "searches" w/ various spellings to produce the correct page.  But all this presupposes the merger. Michael (talk|contrib) 00:59, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge under the earliest written name for which a source can be provided. That should settle all bets. bd2412  T 01:46, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The Car Talk website has both "Dewey, Cheetham & Howe" and "Dewey, Cheetham and Howe", both with only one comma. Merge this content with the older, more general usage and delete this incorrectly titled page.--Rfsmit 22:50, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm willing to bet that more people have heard the joke than are aware of (or care about) the company. I'm also assuming that if someone is looking the term up, they're doing so in reference to the joke, not the company.  As such, I'm going to suggest either merging this article into the joke article, or merging this article into Car Talk, with a linked reference to the joke. Hossenfeffer 06:35, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Not a real company?
Hey! Here's the DEWEY, CHEATUM & HOWE INC. corporate registration... wait a sec... "Date of Involuntary Dissolution: 08/31/1998"... that can't be right. OK, here's CLICK AND CLACK INCORPORATED..."Date of Involuntary Dissolution: 12/31/1990". What's going on here? It's in Massachusetts, right? Ewlyahoocom 07:50, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dewey, Cheetham, and Howe


text:
Bommelerwaard

Bommelerwaard is a district in Gelderland, Netherlands.

The Bommelerwaard is situated among three rivers: the Meuse (Maas) in the south(east), the Waal in the north and the Afgedamde Maas in the west. It is formed by the area of two municipalities: Zaltbommel and Maasdriel.

title: Bommelerwaard


text:
Green Township

Green Township may refer to:

Indiana

 * Green Township, Grant County, Indiana
 * Green Township, Hancock County, Indiana
 * Green Township, Madison County, Indiana
 * Green Township, Marshall County, Indiana
 * Green Township, Morgan County, Indiana
 * Green Township, Noble County, Indiana
 * Green Township, Randolph County, Indiana
 * Green Township, Wayne County, Indiana

Iowa

 * Green Township, Fremont County, Iowa
 * Green Township, Wapello County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Green Township, Pottawatomie County, Kansas, in Pottawatomie County, Kansas

Michigan

 * Green Township, Alpena County, Michigan
 * Green Charter Township, Michigan, in Mecosta County

Missouri

 * Green Township, Hickory County, Missouri
 * Green Township, Lawrence County, Missouri
 * Green Township, Livingston County, Missouri
 * Green Township, Nodaway County, Missouri
 * Green Township, Platte County, Missouri

Nebraska

 * Green Township, Saunders County, Nebraska

New Jersey

 * Green Township, New Jersey

North Dakota

 * Green Township, Barnes County, North Dakota

Ohio

 * Green Township, Adams County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Ashland County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Brown County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Clark County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Clinton County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Fayette County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Gallia County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Hamilton County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Harrison County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Hocking County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Mahoning County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Monroe County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Ross County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Scioto County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Shelby County, Ohio
 * Green Township, Summit County, Ohio, now the city of Green
 * Green Township, Wayne County, Ohio

Pennsylvania

 * Green Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania
 * Green Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania

title: Green Township


text:
User:Mbecker/Test

WP:AN WT:AN

title: User:Mbecker/Test