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User talk:Hendrik Sollich~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 23:50, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Hendrik Sollich~enwiki


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Fit to Serve

Fit to Serve is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter A. J. Croce, released in 1998.

Track listing
all songs by A. J. Croce, except where noted

 * 1) "Fit to Serve" – 3:39
 * 2) "I Don't Mind" – 3:04
 * 3) "Lover's Serenade" – 3:55
 * 4) "Trouble in Mind" (Richard M. Jones) – 3:19
 * 5) "Texas Ruby" (Croce, Gary Nicholson) – 3:34
 * 6) "Uncommon Sense" – 3:31
 * 7) "I'll Get Through" – 3:04
 * 8) "Cry to Me" (Bert Russell) – 3:51
 * 9) "So in Love" – 3:20
 * 10) "Count the Ways" – 3:31
 * 11) "Too Late" – 3:07
 * 12) "Judgement Day" (Croce, Nicholson) – 2:27
 * 13) "Nobody Else" – 2:20

Personnel

 * A. J. Croce – piano, vocals
 * David Curtis – bass
 * Paul Kimbarow – drums

Production

 * Producers: A. J. Croce, Jim Gaines, Mark Lampe

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fit to Serve


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gianna Angelopoulosâ€“Daskalaki

--Arbiteroftruth 23:52, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki and delete


text:
Talk:Fit to Serve

Correction
"Judgement Day" is written by Skip James. 2601:183:C700:5110:9140:C0F2:BC74:912A (talk) 21:53, 26 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Hmm...can not edit that. On the sleeve of the CD it is credited to Skip James but A.J. Croce confirmed it is one of his on an Instagram post.  Plus, I can not find an album by Skip James that has a song called "Judgement Day" on it. 2601:183:C700:5110:9140:C0F2:BC74:912A (talk) 22:05, 26 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fit to Serve


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Piano Concerto No. 1 (Mendelssohn)

Mendelssohn's Piano Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 25, was written in 1830–31, around the same time as his fourth symphony, and premiered in Munich on 17 October 1831. This concerto was composed in Rome during a travel in Italy after the composer met the pianist Delphine von Schauroth in Munich. The concerto was dedicated to her. Mendelssohn attended one party after another in Munich in October 1831, the month of the premiere, but he also played chamber music and taught double counterpoint. He performed the piece himself at the premiere, which also included performances of his Symphony No. 1 and the Overture from Midsummer Night's Dream. He had already written a piano concerto in A minor with string accompaniment (1822) and two concertos with two pianos (1823–24).

Structure
The three connected movements use several relatively new formal techniques in their brief span — for example, the piano enters very soon after the opening of the first movement, with little of an orchestral tutti to contrast with. The concerto quickly obtained popularity, and contains many sections of improvisation, one of Mendelssohn's specialities; it is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani and strings.

1. Molto allegro con fuoco in G minor

2. Andante in E major

3. Presto—Molto allegro e vivace in G major

Molto allegro con fuoco
The piano enters after only a few bars of orchestral introduction. It was standard procedure in the classical-era concerto to precede the solo's entrance by a tutti, for various reasons – the length and purpose of these introductions differed, some offering a hint of what was to follow and some giving out almost all the movement's material, but none was so brief as this: in this sense, this was one of the first concertos of the Romantic age. (The obvious exceptions – Mozart's ninth and Beethoven's fourth and fifth piano concertos – allowed the piano to enter very briefly just at the start, but then proceeded as usual, the soloist silent.)

The rest of the movement is fairly typical of concertos in its use of a modified sonata form, with a second, contrasting lyrical theme first heard from the piano over repeated accompaniment, and later on wind. As the movement closes a transition takes the movement not to a full close, but instead, with a brass fanfare and a piano continuation of the same, to the border of the Andante.

Andante
This opens with a melody in the lower strings, in E major, soon taken up by the piano. This is drawn out with breadth, and a middle section in B provides contrast. The original melody, somewhat varied, returns to close the movement.

Presto—Molto allegro e vivace
This opens with a fanfare in A minor (Presto). The piano joins in, at which point the mood lightens, and the closing rondo - Molto allegro e vivace - begins. This is regular in form, and the returns of the refrain are varied. Several themes from the first movement return towards the finale.

Reception
Though Mendelssohn said of the concerto "I wrote it in but a few days and almost carelessly", the concerto was extremely popular—partially due to the efforts of Clara Schumann and Franz Liszt. Hector Berlioz described what happened to an Érard piano on which the concerto was too often played: "...the piano, which is out of its mind, has no intention of paying him any heed either. He sends for holy water and sprinkles the keyboard with it, but in vain—proof that it wasn't witchcraft but merely the natural result of thirty performances of one concerto. They take the keyboard out of the instrument—the keys are still moving up and down by themselves—and they throw it into the middle of the courtyard next to the warehouse. There M. Erard, now in a fury, has it chopped up with an axe. You think that did it? it made matters worse. Each piece danced, jumped, frisked about separately—on the pavement, between our legs, against the wall, in all directions, until the warehouse locksmith picked up this bedeviled mechanism in one armful and flung it in the fire of his forge, finally putting an end of it...Such a fine instrument!"

Recordings
Commercial recordings include:

 * 1959: Rudolf Serkin with the Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by Eugene Ormandy
 * 1986: András Schiff with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Charles Dutoit
 * 1990: Murray Perahia with the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields conducted by Neville Marriner
 * 1997: Stephen Hough with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra conducted by Lawrence Foster
 * 2003: Lang Lang with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra conducted by Daniel Barenboim
 * 2008: Bella Davidovich with the Moscow Chamber Orchestra conducted by Constantine Orbelian
 * 2009: Yuja Wang with the Verbier Festival Orchestra conducted by Kurt Masur
 * 2016: Ronald Brautigam with the Kölner Akademie conducted by Michael Alexander Willens
 * 2018: Jan Lisiecki with the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra

title: Piano Concerto No. 1 (Mendelssohn)


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Talk:Frampton Comes Alive!

Groundbreaking Album
Frampton states this was the first live album to record in a new way. Was he referring to Dolby "A" or 24-track ? Xb2u7Zjzc32 (talk) 10:11, 6 September 2015 (UTC)

Why So Good?
As the owner of an original vinyl copy, I agree it's good, but I am always surprised at the total reverence for this album. I've never felt it comes up to Live Rust or Live at Leeds. Sales alone aren't proof of quality. Instead of just having an allmusic score, the claim of 'one of the greatest live albums of all time' really ought to be backed up by a detailed 'critical reception' section. Stub Mandrel (talk) 16:01, 25 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia would be better off if the phrase "one of the greatest" was eliminated from all music articles as it is a somewhat vague, loosely-defined term when you think about it. I'll add some contemporary reviews soon but looking at a few, it seems the consensus was that it was a very good live album, Frampton's best album to date, but nothing that hinted at the popularity it would achieve. Piriczki (talk) 14:30, 26 March 2017 (UTC)

Doobie Wah
Shouldn't Doobie Wah credit The Doobie Brothers, or at least Tom Johnston, as a partial author since the track is an obvious reworking of (and an outright nod to) Listen to the Music? Or is the argument that since the album's liner notes don't credit the Doobie Brothers, Wikipedia can't either? This is an encyclopedia after all, and facts are facts.

71.226.227.121 (talk) 13:34, 26 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frampton Comes Alive!


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User talk:David Knell

David, this is an encyclopedia, not a place to try to promulgate your own theories. Your actions are regarded as little more than vanddalism, I'm afraid. Please take some time to learn about wikipedia and do not seek to use it to promote yourself or your theories. --Tagishsimon (talk)

title: User talk:David Knell


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Talk:Global optimum

Should this be merged with the Maxima and minima page? --Olegalexandrov 23:55, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Might be a good idea, as there isn't much to put on here that isn't already on the other page. Anand 19:27, 3 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I've merged it to Maxima and minima. I agree that I don't see any real scope for this topic beyond what's already covered in either Mathematical optimization or Maxima and minima. -Bryanrutherford0 (talk) 16:45, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Global optimum


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NGC 3109

NGC 3109 is a small barred Magellanic type spiral or irregular galaxy around 4.35 Mly away in the direction of the constellation of Hydra. NGC 3109 is believed to be tidally interacting with the dwarf elliptical galaxy Antlia Dwarf. It was discovered by John Herschel on March 24, 1835 while he was in what is now South Africa.

Size and morphology
NGC 3109 is classified as a Magellanic type irregular galaxy, but it may in fact be a small spiral galaxy. Based on the D25.5 isophote at the B-band with an angular diameter of $1,980$ arcseconds, it has an isophotal diameter approximately 12.80 kpc across, slightly larger than the Large Magellanic Cloud but smaller than the Triangulum Galaxy. If it is a spiral galaxy, it would be the smallest in the Local Group. NGC 3109 has a mass of about $2.3$ times the mass of the Sun, of which 20% is in the form of neutral hydrogen. It is oriented edge-on from our point of view, and may contain a disk and a halo. The disk appears to be composed of stars of all ages, whereas the halo contains only very old and metal-poor stars. NGC 3109 does not appear to possess a galactic nucleus.

From measurements of the neutral atomic hydrogen in the galaxy, it has been found that the disk of NGC 3109 is warped. The warp has the same radial velocity as gas in the Antlia Dwarf galaxy, indicating that the two galaxies had a close encounter approximately one billion years ago.

Composition
Based on spectroscopy of blue supergiants in NGC 3109, it is known that the galaxy has a low metallicity, similar to that to the Small Magellanic Cloud. It is one of the most metal-poor star-forming galaxies in the Local group. NGC 3109 seems to contain an unusually large number of planetary nebulae for its luminosity. It also contains a substantial amount of dark matter.

Location
NGC 3109 is located about 1.33 Mpc away, in the constellation Hydra. This puts it at the very outskirts of the Local Group. Its membership of the Local Group has been questioned, because it seems to be receding faster than estimates of the Local Group's escape velocity. It is distant enough from the largest members of the Local Group that it has not been tidally influenced by them.

title: NGC 3109


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Awakening (Star Trek: Enterprise)

"Awakening" is the eighth episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise, and originally aired on November 26, 2004 on UPN. The script was written by André Bormanis and the episode was directed by Star Trek: Voyager alumna Roxann Dawson. The episode was the first of the season for both Bormanis and Dawson. The episode is the second of a three-part episode arc which started in "The Forge" and concludes in "Kir'Shara".

Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise, registration NX-01. In this episode, the Vulcan government seek to make the Enterprise leave orbit so they can attack a renegade faction of Vulcans, and afterwards the long-standing enemy of the Vulcans, the Andorians. Meanwhile, Captain Jonathan Archer and Commander T'Pol have been captured by the Syrrannites, and it is discovered that Archer has the katra of Surak. He has visions which lead him to find an ancient Vulcan artifact called the "Kir'Shara" as the group come under attack from the Vulcans.

Elements of the plot of the episode were compared by executive producers to the Protestant Reformation with the Vulcan High Command representing the Catholic Church. The producers took care to cast actors in the roles of T'Pau and Surak who looked similar to the actors who portrayed those parts in The Original Series. Nielsen ratings for the first run of the episode saw a decrease from the first part of the trilogy, down to 1.8/3. The critical response was mixed, saying that whilst they were entertained by the episode, they had problems with some of the plot logic.

Plot
Ambassador Soval is summoned before Administrator V'Las and the High Council to face punishment over his use of a mind meld. Since the act is widely considered to be criminal by the Vulcan authorities, Soval is summarily dismissed from the Ambassadorial service. Captain Archer and Commander T'Pol are questioned by the Syrrannites. Soon T'Pol is taken to see her mother, T'Les, and the two disagree about the tenets of the group — the Vulcan authorities call them extremists, a term T'Les disagrees with. Archer begins to see visions of an old Vulcan, and the dissidents determine that he had the katra of Surak transferred into him via mind meld.

V'Las, now largely unopposed on the Council, wants to end the Syrrannite threat once and for all. He postpones his plans to bombard the encampment, after delays in convincing Enterprise to leave orbit. He contacts Starfleet, and the Admiralty orders Commander Tucker to leave orbit but he refuses. He attempts, with assistance from Soval, to send a rescue shuttlepod to "The Forge", but they are intercepted by Vulcan patrol vessels. V'Las then orders Vulcan warships directly to engage Enterprise, and Soval suggests that they should retreat.

A ritual is performed to transfer the katra into the mind of T'Pau but it fails. Archer continues to see Surak, who informs him that he must find the relic known as the "Kir'Shara". The Vulcan military begin to bombard the complex. Archer, T'Pol, and T'Pau remain behind to search for the relic and Archer is able to use his knowledge to unlock a door to reveal it. As they leave, T'Pol finds her mother, but she dies after being seriously injured in the attack. On Enterprise, Soval reveals that the Vulcans, despite the recent peace accord, are preparing a surprise attack against the Andorians, and Tucker orders an immediate course at maximum warp.

Production
"Awakening" was the second part of a three-part trilogy of episodes during the fourth season of Enterprise that were created to deal with the differences between the Enterprise-era Vulcans and those seen in series set later in the timeframe of the franchise. Show runner Manny Coto summed up these differences saying, "Our Vulcans lie, our Vulcans are monolithic, our Vulcans are not pacifistic." He sought to introduce a situation which he compared to the 16th-century Protestant Reformation and wanted to include a Vulcan character who would effectively be in the role of Martin Luther, while the Vulcan High Command represented the Catholic Church.

The episode saw the re-casting of two roles which had previously appeared in episodes of The Original Series. These were the parts of T'Pau and Surak. T'Pau made her first appearance in "Amok Time", where she was played by Celia Lovsky. For "Awakening", Kara Zediker was cast in the role. Zediker had previously appeared in the first season of 24 as Elizabeth Nash. Surak had been played by Barry Atwater in "The Savage Curtain", but this role was taken by Bruce Gray for "Awakening". Gray had previously portrayed Admiral Chekote in The Next Generation episode "Gambit" and the Deep Space Nine episode "The Circle". For both of these parts, the producers attempted to cast actors who looked similar to the originals.

Robert Foxworth reprises his role from the first part of the trilogy as Administrator V'Las, and Joanna Casidy had previously portrayed T'Les earlier in the season in the episode "Home". John Rubinstein, who appears in "Awakening" as Koval, has previously appeared as a Mazarite earlier in the series in the episode "Fallen Hero" and had appeared in "The 37's", an episode of Voyager. Foxworth had been friends with Joanna Cassidy for years, and they had played a married couple on Six Feet Under, but they did not share any scenes or meet on set. Gary Graham returned as Soval, who he has portrayed throughout the series from the pilot episode onwards. Director Roxann Dawson has previously portrayed B'Elanna Torres in Voyager, and "Awakening" marked the tenth episode of the series that she had directed. It was her only episode of season four, and her last on Enterprise. It was also writer André Bormanis' first episode of the season, who had previously written several episodes of the series as well as Voyager.

Filming started on September 23, 2004, and concentrated on Enterprise ship scenes on the standing sets for the first two days. After that production moved to the cave sets, which were dressed with Vulcan artifacts. On the fourth day of production, those artifacts were removed so that the same sets could use used to film the visions that Archer has of Surak. All exterior scenes in the Vulcan desert-like Forge were shot on a soundstage. The final day of filming took place on October 1, when all the scenes set in the Vulcan High Command were filmed. These involved only Foxworth, Graham and Rubinstein as well as a handful of extras.

Reception
"Awakening" was first aired in the United States on UPN on November 26, 2004. The broadcast saw the episode come in fifth place during the timeslot, with a Nielsen rating of 1.8/3. This means that it was seen by 1.8 percent of all households, and three percent of all of those watching television at the time of the broadcast. It gained higher ratings than The WB, which aired re-runs of What I Like About You and Grounded for Life, but was behind the other four major networks with NBC's Dateline winning the hour with ratings of 5.9/11. The ratings received by Enterprise continued a downward trend in recent episodes, with ratings of 1.9/3 received by the previous episode.

Michelle Erica Green, reviewing the episode for TrekNation was undecided about whether the main point of the episode where Captain Archer is expected to lead the Vulcans back to their main path of logic was a "wonderfully progressive concept or just regressive Trek in which humans have all the answers". She thought that the change in Soval's opinions in this episode was difficult to accept and that the other members of the main cast didn't get a great deal to do in the episode. She thought that "Awakening" was a visual improvement over "The Forge", she was reserving judgement until she had seen the third part of the trilogy. Jamahl Epsicokhan at his website Jammer's Reviews thought that certain elements of the plot didn't follow logical paths, such as how Archer found the Kir'shara in a few minutes when apparently the Syrrannites had been looking for it for two years even though "it sits in a chamber behind a door that practically announces, 'IMPORTANT RELIC INSIDE'?" However, he called the episode entertaining and gave it a score of three out of four.

In 2018, Screen Rant praised casting actress Kara Zediker as the Vulcan character T'Pau.

Home media
The first home media release of "The Forge" was in the season four DVD box set of Enterprise, originally released in the United States on November 1, 2005. The Blu-ray edition was released on April 1, 2014.

title: Awakening (Star Trek: Enterprise)


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Blisworth Tunnel

Blisworth Tunnel is a canal tunnel on the Grand Union Canal in Northamptonshire, England, between the villages of Stoke Bruerne at the southern end and Blisworth at the northern end.

Measurements
The northern end is about 18 mi from the northern end of the Grand Junction Canal at Braunston, Northamptonshire and the southern end about 20 mi. At 3,076 yards (2,813m) long it is the third-longest navigable canal tunnel on the UK canal network after Standedge Tunnel and Dudley Tunnel (and the ninth-longest canal tunnel in the world). At its deepest point it is ca.143 feet (ca.43m) below ground level.

The tunnel has no tow path inside, but is wide enough for two narrowboats to pass in opposite directions.

History
Work began in 1793, but errors by the contractor left a wiggle in the tunnel, and after three years’ work it collapsed due to quicksand, claiming the lives of 14 men. It was then decided to begin again with a new tunnel.

By the time the rest of the Grand Junction Canal had opened between London and Braunston, Northamptonshire in 1800, apart from the crossing of the River Great Ouse, the section of canal from Blisworth to the lower end of Stoke Bruerne locks was the only section unfinished. This was despite the tunnel having been under construction for seven years: the gap was filled by a temporary horse-drawn tramway over the top of the hill, with goods being transported from boat to wagon and back again. The tramway, built in 1801, was Northamptonshire's first railway. In March 1805, the tunnel was finally opened and the rails were used to connect the main line of the canal to the River Nene until the branch canal to Northampton was constructed.

Until the 1870s travel through the tunnel was only achieved by men lying on their backs pushing the boats with their feet (legging). From 1871 steam tugs were used to pull boats through, and extra ventilation shafts were installed. Boaters wishing to avoid the extra cost involved in using the tugs could still leg their boats through, but by the 1930s motor boats (towing a butty boat) were common so the practice would have been unusual especially by the time the film Painted Boats was filmed there in 1944.

Due to changes in the shape of the tunnel over time, the tunnel became unnavigable. There was major rebuilding of the tunnel in the 1980s, with sections lined with pre-cast concrete rings. It was also used to test out the materials that were later used on the Channel Tunnel. An unused ring is on display near the south portal.

title: Blisworth Tunnel


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Honda (disambiguation)

Honda is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles and power equipment.

Honda may also refer to:

Air Transportation

 * Honda Aircraft Company
 * Honda Airport

Engines

 * GE Honda Aero Engines (50%)

Motorsports

 * Honda Racing F1
 * Honda Racing

Transportation

 * Acura
 * American Honda Motor Company
 * Honda Performance Development
 * Atlas Honda motorcycles (Pakistan)
 * Dongfeng Honda (China) (50%)
 * Guangqi Honda (50%)
 * Everus (Li Nian)
 * Honda Automobile (China)

 * Honda Atlas Cars (Pakistan)
 * Honda Canada Inc.
 * Honda Cars India
 * Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India
 * Honda Taiwan
 * Honda UK Manufacturing
 * Montesa Honda (Spain)

Other

 * Mobilityland (100%)

Places

 * Honda Bay, in Puerto Princesa, Philippines
 * Honda Center, an arena in Anaheim, California, United States
 * Honda, Tolima, a municipality in Colombia
 * Bahia Honda Key, an island in the Florida Keys, United States
 * Bahía Honda, Cuba, a municipality in Cuba

Geology

 * Honda Group, fossiliferous geological group in Colombia, named after Honda, Tolima

People

 * Honda (surname)

Other uses

 * Honda knot, often used to tie a lasso
 * "Honda", a song by FKA Twigs featuring Pa Salieu from Caprisongs
 * "Honda", a song by Friday Night Plans

title: Honda (disambiguation)


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Talk:Doom modding

Popular WADs
We currently have two lists of "popular" WADs, given with external links. There are two problems here: "popular" is vague, and mere lists of external links are discouraged. Instead of the list of links format, we should make a list of important WADs along with one or two paragraphs of text for each describing them, preferrably motivating why they are special.

Now, how to determine importance? Popularity is nearly impossible to measure, so some kind of additional justification of substantiality is required. Megawads and TCs aren't that controversial, but in general I think both uniqueness historical significance is required. If necessary, it could be pointed out in the article text that it is difficult to decide which ones are important, and provide a hint that there are other lists out there, which are to be provided in the external links section. This should be OK; for comparison check jazz standard, that article has the same problem.

I would consider the following megawads and TCs to be worthy of inclusion:
 * All TeamTNT megawads (should also be listed on TeamTNT)
 * Requiem, Memento Mori 1&2, these being the "classic" megawads (are there others?)
 * 10 sectors, for the unique theme, and being created as a major contest
 * Aliens TC and Star Wars Doom, for historical significance
 * Doom64 TC, for replicating an entire game (and there apparently being no legal trouble, oddly)
 * FreeDoom, for uniqueness as a project
 * Hell Revealed, for being the (infamous) WAD for expert players
 * Maybe Classic Episode and Alien Vendetta, mainly because they are featured on Compet-N
 * Batman TC, for being a (what is widely considered a quality-)rendition of a well-known franchise, in the format of a full TC

Now, single-level WADs are a bit harder. There are way too many WADs to even try a listing based on which are considered "good" without either listing too many (possibly a thousand) or violating NPOV in being selective. "Popular" can't really be measured (I did refer to popularity in some of the motivations for megawads, but those are IMO much less controversial). There are plenty of opinions on which WADs are good, but no professional or outstandingly significant reviewers around whose authority can be referred to. Doomworld's 100 top 100 WADs may be considered somewhat authorative, but 100 is way too many to list here.

What we can do, however, is list WADs which are of historical significance. SargeBaldy suggested UAC_DEAD.WAD on IRC, which I'd agree about. What others are there? Well, the Harris levels. That's two. Can we make a list of some 10 particularly important non-megawad/TC WADs about which something interesting can be written? What about infamous WADs? The Sky May Be, Nuts.wad? (For The Sky May Be, the Something Awful review would be justification ;) Suggestions, please.

Links to external lists of WADs: there are of course too many "Bob's list of the 10 top WADs!!!" lists. We should definitely link to Doomworld's list, though. What others may be considered authorative (in some sense of the word)?

- Fredrik | talk 23:58, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I have read that "opost21" (for Doom 1) was the first user pwad that rivaled the original levels in quality. I have played the level and consider it a good one, for its time, but like you I don't know on what authority it could be deemed historically significant.  Ray Spalding 01:05, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

- Skari u how | talk 18:43, 25 Jul 2014 (AEST

 * I added UAC Military Nightmare to the WADs section, one because it is amazing, and two because it is very infamous. It also got a Cacoward and spawned the Terry-WAD saga.

Expansion of article
In addition to the above, things that should be mentioned in this article are: - Fredrik | talk 00:03, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Legal problems: id Software's policy on non-commerciality and TCs getting foxed. Unfortunately I know nearly nothing about this.
 * Editing details. In addition to listing editors, go into more details about what things can be modified, how levels are edited (they are edited in 2D), limitations, what limitations source ports remove. Links to editing tutorials. Maybe a Wikibook on Doom WAD making, along with one of those neat links at the bottom?

I was thinking about porting over the technical stuff on the Doom Wiki over to here under it's own section. Good idea? -- TheDarkArchon 19:50, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Could someone who knows about intellectual properties and laws develop reasons why the official doom wads are not free? It's more than just a matter of selling them. It's more likely to a symbolic action keep the copryright on the arts and characters or something like this. 132.203.32.206 17:55, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Can I add Myhouse and talk about it's connection to house of leaves? I think it's worthy for the connections and popularity, as well as the high quality modding and story telling. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brutalisk666 (talk • contribs) 17:08, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

List of WADS
At the moment, the list of WADs is exactly not what we need; a directory of external links (WP:NOT) with no verification (WP:V) and very few with assertions of notability (WP:N). Some such as the Aliens TC are bound to have some reliable, independent coverage somewhere, but otherwise the list should be stripped. Marasmusine (talk) 08:14, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

I've made a start on some references. The embedded external links should be removed, too. Marasmusine (talk) 09:00, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Batman Doom.jpg
Image:Batman Doom.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Some changes
I edited the following this: 1) id never allowed add-ons for money, regardless of profit (it was stating otherwise; it seems some people incorrectly concluded that because the CD WAD compilations existed, id really allowed them in some way), 2) the definition of total conversion was not properly contextualized, 3) HacX, which used to have an article but doesn't anymore (as it's comparatively non-notable as a commercial release and game) is a TC, so it's on the list now, so other articles linking to HacX can now go to the list here, 4) Freedoom is not a TC because its essential purpose is functional instead of "thematic" (to create a free Doom, not to create a "new experience") and it does not alter behavior in any way (to allow full compatibility), so I moved it to miscellaneous, where it makes more sense. Who is like God? (talk) 11:50, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

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Meaning of "wad" extension.
I put this on the main Doom discussion page but then I saw this entry for WADs themselves and thought this would fit here as well.

I was watching the DOOM post mortem on GDC (http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1014627/Classic-Game-Postmortem) by Tom Hall and John Romero and Tom Hall specifically states (about 5 minutes into the presentation) that the "where's all the data" definition was after the fact and that really the name came about when the team was defining file structures and John Carmack asked for an extension for "a bunch of lumps". Hall said he thought for a moment and said, "A wad?" and the name was used.

So what I'm wondering is if the current text in the beginning of the article which says "WAD" is "an acronym for Where is All the Data" should be changed. Not that that isn't true, but it seems to mean that the extension came from that phrase when in reality the phrase came from the extension.

-madpanic —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.17.18.23 (talk) 15:53, 10 April 2011 (UTC)

 * So .WAD is really an acrostic, not an acronym. Mind you, it's an acrostic anyway, since the word "wad" existed long before Doom. -- 93.97.40.177 (talk) 09:00, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Bad cite
The cite given for WAD meaning where's all the data is not a good cite. Look at the other definitions there and there are many that are simply humorous. I'm not saying that's not what WAD means, but if it does, you need a much better source, as this is like taking a comedian's word that PETA stands for People Eating Tasty Animals.68.51.193.141 (talk) 19:12, 11 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Those are the appendices of the Doom Bible, written by Tom Hall.--Drat (Talk) 03:51, 12 April 2015 (UTC)

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Requested move 7 December 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: consensus to move the page to Doom modding at this time, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 11:58, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

Doom WAD → Modding in Doom – Per consistency with Modding in Grand Theft Auto and a title that people can actually understand, as for the unintiated, "Doom WAD" sounds like nonsense. Doom WADs are, essentially, just mods. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 04:01, 7 December 2019 (UTC) —Relisting. Steel1943  (talk) 17:41, 30 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Support; the proposed title is certainly clearer and more recognizable. ╠╣uw [ talk ]  21:47, 7 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose (EDIT: Neutral / maybe move to Doom mods instead). These are universally known as WADs, and readers interested in the topic will know and expect it here.  It's not 100% identical to modding as well, a WAD can "just" be a custom map.  Saying "it sounds like nonsense" could be applied to any and all specialized knowledge whatsoever and is a weak argument; maybe shortstop or Caro-Kann Defense sounds like nonsense to the uninitiated too, but they shouldn't be moved either.  SnowFire (talk) 18:42, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
 * WAD is a narrow term that refers just to the package file format; modding is a broader term that covers modifying the game in general (which of course includes the WAD but isn't limited to it). In this case the article covers more than just the file -- e.g., it touches on things like various level editor software -- so the broader term seems preferable.  ╠╣uw [ talk ]  17:41, 10 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Its origin is the file format, sure, but that's ultimately a bit of trivia - Folder (computing) is based off physical manilla folders, but that's not really relevant. That said, doing a quick search on recent WADs seems to uncover a mix of both "mods" and "WADs", so possibly Doom mod / Doom mods might also be acceptable.  (e.g. this Google search shows both "WAD" and "mod" to describe it).  SnowFire (talk) 18:18, 11 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Support: I was initially quick to oppose, but after scanning the article, I see that it is actually more about the modding of Doom than about the file format itself. The title and language basically serve to emphasize the format, rather than what it is about as it should. Had it cited many other games or programs as using the WAD format, I could see the reason to keep the title, though it would need to be renamed to ".WAD", "WAD (file format)", or something like that.  GaɱingFørFuɲ 3 6 5 05:29, 20 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Trying to move this to its conclusion. ZXCVBNM, given your request to move Dropping out to Dropout (education), would you also support SnowFire's suggestion of Doom mod instead of Modding in Doom here? Dekimasu よ! 02:44, 24 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I think it's a totally different scenario here. I greatly prefer either Modding in Doom or Doom modding. The problem is that a Doom mod is not separate from a mod, we are not redefining the word here.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 03:11, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Support. Hyperbolick (talk) 22:14, 30 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Weak support of OP per WP:RECOGNIZABLE, but strongly prefer Doom modding or as second choice Modding of Doom – the former per WP:CONCISE and RECOGNIZABLE and the latter, as a second choice, just for proper English and logic (modding is modification the game by parties external to it, not modding  the game by its characters!).  Regardless, rewrite the article to match, so it's not constantly saying WAD this and WAD that.  WAD is just a filename extension for mods of Doom, Hexen, and other related games, just like ESP for Skyrim, Oblivion, Fallout, and various other games using the same basic engine as Skyrim. While Doom mods would also be WP:CONCISE, it's flawed in several respects, the most trivial one being WP:PLURAL and the most important being that the encyclopedic topic here is  of the game (a human activity and subculture); this is not just a list of . I only offer weak support for the original proposal on WP:CONSISTENT grounds, because this and similar articles should actually be moved to titles of the form "Game modding" (or, at worst, "Modding of Game"). While they should ultimately be CONSISTENT with each other regardless, let's do Doom modding and then move the other to Grand Theft Auto modding. There's no hurry, so that can be done in a second RM, or just with a bold post-RM manual move. PS: It's weird to me that Skyrim modding, Modding of Skyrim, Modding in Skyrim, Skyrim mod, etc. are all redlinks. Skyrim is the most-modded game in history, so it's odd that we have no article on it. Actually an article on The Elder Scrolls modding, more broadly, would be more appropriate and practical, unless and until there's too much material for one page. There's a lot of continuity between the Morrowind, Oblivion, Skyrim, and Skyrim Special Edition modding communities.  — SMcCandlish ☏ ¢ 😼  10:42, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Support Doom modding per SMcC. — Amakuru (talk) 12:36, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Brutal Doom
I think we should add Brutal Doom to the list of selected WADs, since it's one of the most popular Doom mods out there, it already has it's own page, and it's mentioned in the Doom series template. HaveYouHeardAboutTheBird (talk) 17:44, 28 April 2023 (UTC)

Not a Minor Edit
I made a change to MyHouse.wad's section, and marked it as a minor edit by accident. It's not a minor edit. MarinaTheRanger (talk) 13:14, 21 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Doom modding


text:
Netherlands–South African Railway Company

The Netherlands–South African Railway Company (Nederlandsche Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorwegmaatschappij; Nederlands-Suid-Afrikaanse Spoorwegmaatskappy) or NZASM (also sometimes called SASM in South Africa) was a railway company established in 1887. The company was based in Amsterdam and Pretoria, and operated in the South African Republic (ZAR) during the late 19th century. At the request of ZAR president Paul Kruger, the NZASM constructed a railway line between Pretoria and Lourenço Marques in Portuguese East Africa (now Maputo in Mozambique).

Background
The British conquered the then Dutch Cape Colony in 1806. The new administration was not universally accepted by the Dutch colonists and after the 1830s thousands of Dutch-speaking colonists (called Boers) migrated to the interior of Southern Africa. This migration, known as the Great Trek, resulted in the establishment of 14 independent republics. By the mid 19th century these republics had merged into the two larger republics: The South African Republic (ZAR) and the Republic of the Orange Free State. The British Empire eventually recognized the independence of these republics in 1852 and 1854.

The relationship between the British and the Boers remained strained throughout the 19th century, especially as a result of the First Boer War (1880–81). Both republics were located in the interior of what is now South Africa, with no route to the coast that did not pass through the British-held Cape Colony and Colony of Natal. Paul Kruger, president of the ZAR, decided that an alternative trade route to the ocean was a priority for the ZAR. The Witwatersrand Gold Rush after 1886 resulted in the rapid industrialization of the ZAR, making access to the ocean even more important, and allowed the suddenly cash-flush republic to invest in large-scale infrastructure projects. "It will set an indelible seal upon the freedom, the independence, the nationality of the Republics, and will put an effectual barrier on the extension of British dominion over the Vaal and Orange Rivers, it will make it perfectly immaterial to us whether the Liberals or Conservatives in England, or Molteno or Patterson at the Cape, are in power."

Establishment
In 1874 the Volksraad of the ZAR decided that a railway would be built connecting the ZAR with Lourenço Marques on Delagoa Bay in Portuguese East Africa (now Maputo in Mozambique). A commission was established in 1874 to create a plan for the construction of this railway. After initial success in raising capital and acquiring a railway concession from the Portuguese government, the project was stalled by the outbreak of the First Boer War. After the end of the war in 1881 the project was resumed, this time with renewed enthusiasm due to the threat of British domination over the Boer Republics. In 1884 a concession was granted to a group of Dutch investors, and this was followed by the official establishment of the Netherlands–South African Railway Company on 21 June 1887 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands, funded by Dutch, German, and Boer investors.

The Pretoria - Delagoa Bay line, with a length of 562 kilometres (ca. 350 miles), was opened on 6 November 1894 and is still in use today. The railway company employed about 3000 people. Of these, about 1500 were employed in the construction of the Pretoria - Delagoa Bay Line. It adopted the (Cape Gauge) of the neighbouring Cape Government Railways.

On 19 February 1896, a train loaded with dynamite was struck by a shunter while being unloaded. The resulting Braamfontein Explosion was one of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions in history, resulting in more than 70 deaths and 200 injuries.

In 1897, a new station was constructed in Johannesburg. The building was constructed in 1895 in Rotterdam and was used in the Amsterdam Exhibition before being dismantled and shipped to Johannesburg, where it was rebuilt in 1897. Although Johannesburg Park Station has twice been reconstructed, the 1897 building was preserved and moved a short distance to Newtown where it still stands, unused, today.

By 1899, the NZASM had constructed 1147 kilometres (ca. 712 miles) of railway.

The Randtram Line
As a result of the rapid development of the goldfields on the Witwatersrand in the 1880s and the demand for coal by the growing industry, on 20 July 1888 the ZAR government granted a concession to the NZASM to construct a 16 mi railway line from Johannesburg to Boksburg. The line was opened on 17 March 1890, with the first train being hauled by a 14 Tonner locomotive. It became known as the "Randtram", even though it was actually a railway in every aspect and not singularly dedicated to tram traffic. This was the first working railway line in the Transvaal.

The concession was extended the following year to continue the line eastward to Springs, where coal was known to exist, and westward via Roodepoort to Krugersdorp. The entire 49 mi line was opened to traffic on 10 February 1891.

In 1889 and 1890, the NZASM obtained three tramway steam locomotives with an 0-4-0T wheel arrangement for use on the Randtram line. Since the railway classified its locomotives according to their weight, these tank locomotives were known as the 10 Tonners. As the Randtram line was expanded to the west and east to become the Reef line between Roodepoort and Springs, the 14 Tonners remained in service on that line, even though their range of operation was somewhat limited by their small coal and water carrying capacities. The first locomotive, No. 1, named Transvaal, entered service on 18 July 1889. It hauled the first train on the Randtram line when it was opened on 17 March 1890, and was retired in December 1903, by which time it had covered a distance of 113309 mi.

By 1899 the Randtram Line had expanded to a length of 82 kilometres (ca. 51 miles).

Pretoria–Delagoa Bay Line (Oosterlijn)
In order to have an outlet to a harbour, a railway line from Delagoa Bay in Portuguese East Africa to Pretoria had been proposed to the Volksraad of the ZAR by President F.T. Burgers as far back as 1872. The Portuguese supported the idea, since it would open a trade route from Portuguese East Africa into the interior. In 1883, Major Joachim Machado was sent to the Transvaal to report on a proposed route through the Komati River and Crocodile River valleys towards the Highveld and Pretoria. The resulting agreement was for the Portuguese to construct the section from Delagoa Bay to the border at Komatipoort, while the ZAR would be responsible for the continuation of the line to Pretoria.

The Portuguese line from Delagoa Bay had already reached the border on 14 December 1887, but the first train from Delagoa Bay only entered Komatipoort on 1 July 1891, when the NZASM's contractors completed the bridge across the Komati River. The line from Komatipoort to Nelspruit was completed by 20 June 1892. Waterval Boven was reached on 20 June 1894 and Balmoral, near Witbank, on 20 October 1894, connecting with the line which had simultaneously been built eastwards from Pretoria.

The construction of the railway line from Delagoa Bay to Pretoria was beset with difficulties, both in terms of disease and engineering. Malaria claimed many lives among the construction crews, and some of the terrain was mountainous. In the Elandspruit Valley, where the river formed a 295 ft waterfall, the adjacent cliffs presented a natural barrier to the continuation of the railway from the Eastern Transvaal Lowveld up to the Transvaal Highveld.

In terms of construction, the climb up the escarpment was arguably the most difficult section to be encountered by the railway builders on the route. When the line reached Waterval Onder, they had a choice between a lengthy detour with sharp curves and costly deep cuttings, embankments and viaducts, to comply with the agreed upon gradient of 1 in 50 (2%), or a shorter 4+1/2 mi section, which would entail a gradient of 1 in 20 (5%) over a distance of 2.1 mi in one place, as well as a 233 yd tunnel.

The shorter and steeper route was selected. While a gradient of 1 in 20 (5%) is not insurmountable by light trains with orthodox adhesion locomotives, safety and economical considerations led to the decision to install a rack track on the section up the escarpment between Waterval Onder and Waterval Boven. The rack track was built to the Riggenbach system which was in use on European mountain railways, with the rack laid between the rails.

The line, also known as the Oosterlijn (East Line) from Pretoria to Lourenço Marques had a total length of 562 kilometres (ca. 350 miles), of which 472 kilometres (ca. 293 miles) formed part of the Oosterlijn. The full line followed the following route:*
 * Pretoria (start)
 * Bronkhorstspruit
 * East Rand
 * Middelburg
 * Waterval Boven
 * Nelspruit
 * Komatipoort (last stop in South Africa)

Border crossing between South Africa and Mozambique

 * Ressano Garcia (first stop in Mozambique)
 * Moamba
 * Lourenço Marques (Maputo since 1975)
 * Maputo Bay - (end)

(*) In the above list, only the major settlements on the line are named; the station names are not given.

The line was officially inaugurated on 1 January 1895. Today the line runs through the South African provinces of Gauteng and Mpumalanga. These two provinces, which previously made up the Transvaal Province, contain part of the territory of the former ZAR (along with Limpopo).

After the completion of the Pretoria - Maputo line, a second, much shorter line was laid down between Pretoria and Johannesburg. It adopted the of the neighbouring Cape Government Railways.

Other Lines
In addition to the Randtram and Pretoria - Delagoa Bay Lines the NZASM operated another 4 lines:
 * Kaapmuiden - Barberton, a 55 kilometre (ca. 34 miles) sideline of the Oosterlijn.
 * Zuiderlijn (South Line), intended to connect to the Cape Colony via the Orange Free State, ran from Pretoria - Kaalfontein - Zuurfontein - Elandsfontein (Johannesburg) - Vereeniging - Viljoensdrift (border with the Orange Free State). The total line from Pretoria to Cape Town was 1674 kilometres (ca. 1040 miles), of which 125 kilometres (ca. 78 miles) was controlled by the NZASM.
 * Zuid-Oosterlijn (Southeast Line), intended to connect to the Colony of Natal, ran from Elandsfontein (Johannesburg) - Heidelberg - Standerton - Charleston - Volksrust (border with the Colony of Natal). The total line from Pretoria to Durban was 812 kilometres (ca. 505 miles), of which 256 kilometres (ca. 160 miles) were part of the Zuid-Oosterlijn.
 * Zuid-Westerlijn (Southwest Line), intended to connect to the Orange Free State, ran from Krugersdorp - Potchefstroom - Klerksdorp (border with the Orange Free State) with a length of 156 kilometres (ca. 97 miles).

A 1 kilometre track at Elandsfontein near Johannesburg provided a connection between the Zuiderlijn, the Zuid-Oosterlijn, and the Zuid-Westerlijn.

Barberton branch line
In 1882, George Pigot Moodie, Surveyor General of the ZAR, suggested that the Oosterlijn needed to reach Ermelo through the Cape River Valley rather than through Nelspruit. This was all later rendered moot, as the discovery of gold in 1884 in the Cape Valley near Barberton required the building of a branch line to the mines. The cost of construction was so significant, given the mountainous terrain, that the ZAR government objected. The local business Lewis, Marks & Watkins formed a syndicate to build the line and the work was contracted to Pettegrew & Co. After heavy rain damaged the bridge, the contractor went bankrupt and the syndicate was dissolved. NZASM took over construction and completed the line in 1896.

Zuiderlijn
The Zuiderlijn was the NZASM's shortest line leaving the ZAR, but was the also the furthest distance inland. In 1888, the Cape Colony and Orange Free State governments agreed to build a railway between Port Elizabeth and Bloemfontein. The Cape government paid for the line and it was built by the Cape Government Railways (CGR). The section from Port Elizabeth to Colesberg was already complete, and the line from Colesberg to Bloemfontein opened on 17 December 1890.

The building of the Oosterlijn progressed slowly by comparison. In May 1890, the rapid population growth of Johannesburg and the need to ship in heavy mining equipment required a railway to reach the city. In June 1890, the ZAR assented to the building of a line between Pretoria and the Vaal River bridge. Construction began two months later, but the NZASM had financial problems and the project stalled.

Through an agreement made by James Silverwright, a member of the Afrikaner Bond and of Cecil Rhodes's cabinet, the Cape Colony's own CGR built its own line to Pretoria. The CGR would operate the ZAR portion of the line for two years before handing it over to the NZASM. On 7 May 1892, the line was completed from Bloemfontein to the Vaal River Bridge (the border of the ZAR); on 15 September 1892, the line from the Vaal River Bridge to Germiston (65 km) opened; and on 1 January 1893, Pretoria was connected to Cape Town as well as Port Elizabeth.

Upon completion of this railway line, it became possible to import heavy machinery, both for gold mining and for the construction of the western portion of the Oosterlijn.

Zuid-Oosterlijn
The Zuid-Oosterlijn was the last of the three NZASM lines connected to foreign rail lines and the coast.

After the discovery of gold, the Cape Colony and the Colony of Natal raced to connect the Rand with the coast. Until the line from Ladysmith reached Newcastle, the governments of Natal and the ZAR agreed to extend the line from Newcastle to the Rand. The line reached Newcastle on 15 May 1890, and was immediately extended to Charlestown, the last town in Natal leading up to the ZAR border. The railway, which climbed 452 m in the 57 km between Newcastle and Charlestown, was opened by President Kruger of the ZAR and the Governor of Natal on 7 April 1891. When it reached Laing's Nek Pass, a 674-m tunnel was built to move it through. The NGR (Natal Government Railways) line had already reached Charlestown on 7 April 1891, but President Kruger did not give them permission to extend their line into the ZAR before the Oosterlijn was finished to Delagoa Bay.

The Delagoa Bay line was commissioned on 1 January 1895. In accordance with the terms of an agreement forged on 3 February 1894, between the ZAR government and the NGR, the NGR built the 250-km link between the Natal-ZAR border and the existing NZASM rail network. The first portion of 210 km between the border and Heidelberg opened on 27 April 1895, and the remainder opened on 15 November of that same year. On 1 December 1895, the 4-km link between the border and Charlestown opened, and that 15 December, the 41-km link between Heidelberg and Union Junction (9 km from Germiston) opened.

In November 1894, the ZAR and Great Britain agreed to meet in Swaziland, with President Kruger and the British High Commissioner Sir Henry Loch as signatories. Neither Kruger nor Loch's countries recognized each other diplomatically, and therefore a passenger wagon was wheeled onto the bridge in between and the negotiators returned to their home countries. As the agreement was signed a year before the line's opening, it appears that this short rail line was completed before the Volksrust-Standerton line was built, and that it was used to transport railway construction goods to the area.

The government of Natal paid for the line. They were eager to pay the costs since they anticipated profits that would more than cover the expense.

Zuid-Westerlijn
In 1885, the Cape railway reached Kimberley, and the following year, when the ZAR had difficulty obtaining a £5,000 loan and McMurdo struggled to build the Delagoa Bay line through the swamps near Delagoa Bay, President Kruger and the Cape government proposed extending the Kimberley line to near the Rand. No agreement was reached, and therefore the Zuid-Westerlijn started as a domestic rather than an international line.

Gold was discovered in August 1886 on Rietvlei Farm near Klerksdorp, and therefore the Randtram line was built between Krugersdorp and Springs. On 18 August 1884, the Volksraad decided to build a line between Krugersdrop and Klerksdorp. This line, the Zuid-Westerlijn, was an extension of the Randtram with the same gauge. NZASM was not eager to build the line since they realized it would be unprofitable. Eventually, the ZAR government and NZASM agreed that the government would cover half of the costs and guarantee the NZASM's interest. The route was surveyed during the first half of 1894, and on 18 September of that year, the Volksraad granted the permit to start construction. Construction began on 18 July 1895, and after the work was delayed by the Jameson Raid, the line opened to near Potchefstroom on 11 July 1897, and finally began serving Klerksdorp on 3 August.

In 1897, the line carried 3,975 passengers boarding at Klersdorp station, more than 270 tons of freight, and around 1,848 horses, livestock, and vehicles. Income was £5,976, but expenses were £6,779. At the beginning of 1898, to help the gold mining industry, railway tariffs were lowered, despite losses growing to £13,047 by the end of that year.

In 1905, after the NZASM was merged into the Central South African Railways (CSAR), the Zuidwesterlijn was extended to Fourteen Streams (near Warrenton), and today the line is served by the Blue Train.

Locomotives
The NZASM did not classify locomotives into specific classes - the eight types used in their fleet were known by their weight.

At the end of the 19th century, the German locomotive industry was growing rapidly and had outpaced that of the United Kingdom. Since the NZASM was a Dutch company financed by 50% Dutch and 47% German capital, most of its locomotives were German-built. Out of 258 locomotives in the fleet, 249 were designed by the German firm Maschinenfabrik Esslingen, six by the British manufacturer Manning Wardle, and Louis Smulders & Co. out of Utrecht, Netherlands. Although most of the locomotives were built by their developers, 26 of the Esslingen locomotives were built by Smulders.

When the Second Boer War broke out, the Pretoria-Pietersburg rail line was expropriated from its British owners by the ZAR government and placed under the control of the NZASM. The PPS locomotives were all manufactured in the UK.

The South African War to the Present
In 1899 shortly after the outbreak of the South African War, also known as the Second Boer War (1899–1902), the government of the ZAR exercised its rights in accordance to the concession granted to the NZASM to place the company under government control. Towards the end of the war, the company, along with the rail company of the Orange Free State (OVSM), was placed under military control by the British, and in 1904 the NZASM and the OVSM were merged into the Central South African Railways.

After protracted negotiations, NZASM's shareholders and creditors were given some compensation for debts and losses incurred by the company being seized by the British. The NZASM was formally dissolved in 1908, and the final financial statements were presented to shareholders in 1909. The company also published a book, In Memoriam, about the history of the NZASM in 1910. The money from the company's liquidation was used to establish the Zuid-Afrikaansche Stichting Moederland (ZASM) in 1908. The ZASM is an organization dedicated to the advancement of cultural and economic ties between the Netherlands and South Africa. The ZASM also purchased a building in Amsterdam to house the organization's archives and collections, including a part of the NZASM's archives. This building is now used by a variety of organizations under the common banner Zuid-Afrikahuis (South Africa House).

A great deal of the NZASM's infrastructure including bridges, drains, houses, and stations still exists and in many cases is still owned and actively used by Transnet. Several of the NZASM locomotives have survived and now form part of the Outeniqua Transport Museum's collection.

In 1916, shortly after the establishment of the Union of South Africa, the Central South African Railways was merged with the railways of the former English Cape (Cape Government Railways) and Natal (Natal Government Railways) Colonies, resulting in the establishment of the South African Rail and Harbour Administration or Spoornet. In 1980, Spoornet was renamed to Transnet, and it was granted company status in 1990. The NZASM archives may be found in the South African National Archives in South Africa; the Dutch National Archives in the Netherlands; and in the archives of the Zuid-Afrikahuis and the Dutch Economic History Archive (NEHA), both in Amsterdam. The NZASM photos in the collection of the Zuid-Afrikahuis have also been digitized and may be viewed online. NZASM related archival material may also be found in various other archives, including The National Archives of the United Kingdom.


text:
Talk:Local optimum

Should this Local optimum article be merged with the maxima and minima article? Or redirect to it?

title: Talk:Local optimum