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Dior

Christian Dior SE, commonly known as Dior (stylized DIOR), is a French multinational luxury fashion house controlled and chaired by French businessman Bernard Arnault, who also heads LVMH. Dior holds 42.36% shares and 59.01% of voting rights within LVMH.

The company was founded in 1946 by French fashion designer Christian Dior. Haute couture is under the Christian Dior Couture division. Delphine Arnault has been the CEO of Christian Dior Couture since 2023.

Founding
The House of Dior was established on 16 December 1946 at 30 Avenue Montaigne in Paris. However, the current Dior corporation celebrates "1947" as the opening year. Dior was financially backed by wealthy businessman Marcel Boussac. Boussac had originally invited Dior to design for Philippe et Gaston, but Dior refused, wishing to make a fresh start under his own name rather than reviving an old brand. The new couture house became a part of "a vertically integrated textile business" already operated by Boussac. Its capital was at FFr 6 million and workforce at 80 employees. The company was really a vanity project for Boussac and was a "majorly owned affiliate of Boussac Saint-Freres S.A. Nevertheless, Dior was allowed a then-unusual great part in his namesake label (legal leadership, a non-controlling stake in the firm, and one-third of pretax profits) despite Boussac's reputation as a "control freak". Dior's creativity also negotiated him a good salary."

"New Look"
On 12 February 1947, Christian Dior launched his first fashion collection for Spring–Summer 1947. The show of "90 models of his first collection on six mannequins" was presented in the salons of the company's headquarters at 30 Avenue Montaigne. Originally, the two lines were named "Corolle" and "Huit". However, the new collection went down in fashion history as the "New Look" after the editor-in-chief of Harper's Bazaar Carmel Snow exclaimed, "It's such a new look!" The New Look was a revolutionary era for women at the end of the 1940s. When the collection was presented, the editor in chief also showed appreciation by saying; "It's quite a revolution, dear Christian!" The debut collection of Christian Dior is credited with having revived the fashion industry of France. Along with that, the New Look brought back the spirit of haute couture in France as it was considered glamorous and young-looking. "We were witness to a revolution in fashion and to a revolution in showing fashion as well." The silhouette was characterized by a small, nipped-in waist and a full skirt falling below mid-calf length, which emphasized the bust and hips, as epitomized by the "Bar" suit from the first collection. The Bar suit was a contribution from the head of Dior's tailoring atelier, a young Pierre Cardin, who was employed by the house from 1947 to 1949. The collection overall showcased more stereotypically feminine designs in contrast to the popular fashions of wartime, with full skirts, tight waists, and soft shoulders. Dior retained some of the masculine aspects, as they continued to hold popularity through the early 1940s, but he also wanted to include more feminine style.

The "New Look" became extremely popular, its full-skirted silhouette influencing other fashion designers well into the 1950s, and Dior gained a number of prominent clients from Hollywood, the United States, and the European aristocracy. As a result, Paris, which had fallen from its position as the capital of the fashion world after World War II, regained its preeminence. The New Look was welcomed in western Europe as a refreshing antidote to the austerity of wartime and de-feminizing uniforms, and was embraced by stylish women such as Princess Margaret in the UK. According to Harold Koda, Dior credited Charles James with inspiring The New Look. Dior's designs from the "New Look" did not only affect the designers in the 1950s, but also more recent designers in the 2000s, including Thom Browne, Miuccia Prada, and Vivienne Westwood. Dior's evening dresses from that time are still referred to by many designers, and they have been seen in different wedding themed catwalks with multiple layers of fabric building up below the small waist (Jojo, 2011). Examples include Vivienne Westwood's Ready-to-Wear Fall/Winter 2011 and Alexander McQueen's Ready to Wear Fall/Winter 2011 (Jojo, 2011).

Not everyone was pleased with the New Look, however. Some considered the amount of material to be wasteful, especially after years of cloth rationing. Feminists in particular were outraged, feeling that these corseted designs were restrictive and regressive, and that they took away a woman's independence. There were several protest groups against the designs including, the League of Broke Husbands, made up of 30,000 men who were against the costs associated with the amount of fabric needed for such designs. Fellow designer Coco Chanel remarked, "Only a man who never was intimate with a woman could design something that uncomfortable." Despite such protests, the New Look was highly influential, continuing to inform the work of other designers and fashion well into the 21st century. For the 60th anniversary of the New Look in 2007, John Galliano revisited it for his Spring-Summer collection for Dior. Galliano used the wasp waist and rounded shoulders, modernised and updated with references to origami and other Japanese influences. In 2012 Raf Simons revisited the New Look for his debut haute couture collection for Dior, wishing to update its ideas for the 21st century in a minimalist but also sensual and sexy manner. Simons's work for Dior retained the luxurious fabrics and silhouette, but encouraged self-respect for the woman's body and liberation of expression. The design process for this collection, which was produced in only eight weeks, is documented in Dior and I, presenting Simons's use of technology and modernist re-interpretations.

Dior
Available references contradict themselves whether Christian Dior Parfums was established in 1947 or 1948. The Dior corporation lists the founding of Christian Dior Parfums as 1947, with the launch of its first perfume, Miss Dior. Dior revolutionized the perfumery industry with the launch of the highly popular Miss Dior parfum, which was named after Catherine Dior (Christian Dior's sister). Christian Dior Ltd owned 25%, manager of Coty perfumes held 35%, and Boussac owned 40% of the perfume business, headed by Serge Heftler Louiche. Pierre Cardin was made head of the Dior workshop from 1947 until 1950. In 1948, a New York City Christian Dior Parfums branch was established—this could be the cause of establishment-date issue. The modern Dior corporation also notes that "a luxury ready-to-wear house is established in New York at the corner of 5th Avenue and 57th Street, the first of its kind," in 1948. In 1949, the "Diorama" perfume is released and by 1949, the New Look line alone made a profit FFr 12.7 million.

Expansion, and death of Christian Dior
Expansion from France began by the end of 1949 with the opening of a Christian Dior boutique in New York City. By the end of the year, Dior fashions made up 75% of Paris's fashion exports and 5% of France's total export revenue.

In 1949, Douglas Cox from Melbourne, Australia, travelled to Paris to meet with Christian Dior to discuss the possibility of having Dior pieces made for the Australian market. Christian Dior and Douglas Cox signed a contract for Dior to produce original designs and for Douglas Cox to create them in his Flinders Lane workshop. A young Jill Walker, still in her mid teens, was one of the many workers for Douglas Cox, a couture label now in the headlines in Australian newspapers almost daily. Jill would go onto forming a couture legacy in Melbourne with popular labels such as Jinoel and Marti with husband Noel Kemelfield. The agreement between Dior and Douglas Cox really put Australian dressmaking on the global stage, yet ultimately the 60 Dior models proved to be too avant-garde for the conservative Australian taste. Douglas Cox was unable to continue the contract beyond the single 1949 season making these Dior-Cox couture pieces some of the most rare collectors items in Australian couture.

In 1950, Jacques Rouët, the general manager of Dior Ltd, devised a licensing program to place the now-renowned name of "Christian Dior" visibly on a variety of luxury goods. It was placed first on neckties and soon was applied to hosiery, furs, hats, gloves, handbags, jewelry, lingerie, and scarves. Members of the French Chamber of Couture denounced it as a degrading action for the haute-couture image. Nevertheless, licensing became a profitable move and began a trend to continue "for decades to come", which all couture houses followed.

Also in 1950, Christian Dior was the exclusive designer of Marlene Dietrich's dresses in the Alfred Hitchcock film Stage Fright. In 1951, Dior released his first book, Je Suis Couturier (I am a Couturier) through publishers Editions du Conquistador. Despite the company's strong European following, more than half of its revenue was generated in the United States by this time. Christian Dior Models Limited was created in London in 1952. An agreement was made between the Sydney label House of Youth for Christian Dior New York models. Los Gobelinos in Santiago, Chile, made an agreement with Dior for Christian Dior Paris Haute Couture. The first Dior shoe line was launched in 1953 with the aid of Roger Vivier. The company operated firmly established locations in Mexico, Cuba, Canada, and Italy by the end of 1953. As popularity of Dior goods grew, so did counterfeiting. This illegal business was supported by women who could not afford the luxury goods.

By the mid-1950s, the House of Dior operated a well-respected fashion empire. The first Dior boutique was established in 1954 at 9 Conduit Street. In honour of Princess Margaret and the Duchess of Marlborough, a Dior fashion show was held at the Blenheim Palace in 1954 as well. Christian Dior launched more highly successful fashion lines between the years of 1954 and 1957. However, none came as close to the profound effect of the New Look. Dior opened the Grande Boutique on the corner between Avenue Montaigne and Rue François Ier in 1955. The first Dior lipstick was also released in 1955. 100,000 garments had been sold by the time of the company's 10th anniversary in 1956. Actress Ava Gardner had 14 dresses created for her in 1956 by Christian Dior for the Mark Robson film The Little Hut.

Christian Dior appeared on the cover of TIME dated 4 March 1957. The designer soon afterwards died from a third heart attack on 24 October 1957. The captivating impact of Dior's creative fashion genius earned him recognition as one of history's greatest fashion figures. Kevin Almond for Contemporary Fashion wrote that "by the time Dior died his name had become synonymous with taste and luxury."

Dior without Christian Dior: 1957 through the 1970s
The death of the head designer left the House of Dior in chaos, and general manager Jacques Rouët considered shutting down operation worldwide. This possibility was not received graciously by Dior licensees and the French fashion industry; the Maison Dior was too important to the financial stability of the industry to allow such an action. To bring the label back on its feet, Rouët promoted the 21-year-old Yves Saint Laurent to Artistic Director the same year. Saint Laurent had joined the House's family in 1955 after being personally picked out by the original designer for the position of the first ever and only Head Assistant. Saint Laurent initially proved to have been the most appropriate choice after the debut of his first collection for Dior (the mention of Dior from this moment on refers to the company) in 1958. The clothes were as meticulously made and perfectly proportioned as Dior's in the same exquisite fabrics, but their young designer made them softer, lighter and easier to wear. Saint Laurent was hailed as a national hero. Emboldened by his success, his designs became more daring, culminating in the 1960 Beat Look inspired by the existentialists in the Saint-Germain des Près cafés and jazz clubs. His 1960 bohemian look was harshly criticized, and even more in Women's Wear Daily. Marcel Boussac was furious, and in the spring, when Saint Laurent was forced to leave the house of Dior, having been called up to join the French army, the Dior management raised no objection. Saint Laurent left after the completion of six Dior collections. Saint Laurent was replaced at Dior by designer Marc Bohan in late 1960. Bohan instilled his conservative style on the collections. He was credited by Rebecca Arnold as the man who kept the Dior label "at the forefront of fashion while still producing wearable, elegant clothes," and Women's Wear Daily, not surprisingly, claimed that he "rescued the firm." Bohan's designs were very well esteemed by prominent social figures. Actress Elizabeth Taylor ordered twelve Dior dresses from Bohan's Spring-Summer 1961 collection featuring the "Slim Look". The Dior perfume "Diorling" was released in 1963 and the men's fragrance "Eau Sauvage" was released in 1966. Bohan's assistant Philippe Guibourgé launched the first French ready-to-wear collection "Miss Dior" in 1967. This is not to be confused with the already existing New York Ready-to-Wear store established in 1948. Designed by Bohan, "Baby Dior" opened its first boutique in 1967 at 28 Avenue Montaigne. The Christian Dior Coordinated Knit line was released in 1968 and management of the Fashion Furs Department of Christian Dior was taken over by Frédéric Castet. This year as well, Dior Parfums was sold to Moët-Hennessy (which would itself become LVMH) due to Boussac's ailing textile company (the still-owner of Dior). This, however, had no effect on the House of Dior operations, and so the Christian Dior Cosmetics business was born in 1969 with the creation of an exclusive line.

Following this, Bohan launched the first Christian Dior Homme clothing line in 1970. A new Dior boutique at Parly II was decorated by Gae Aulenti and the "Diorella" perfume was released in 1972. Christian Dior Ready-to-Wear Fur Collection was created in France in 1973, and then manufactured under license in the United States, Canada, and Japan. The first Dior watch "Black Moon" was released in 1975 in collaboration with licensee Benedom. Dior haute-couture graced the bodies of Princess Grace of Monaco, Nicaraguan First Lady Hope Portocarrero, Princess Alexandra of Yugoslavia, and Lady Pamela Hicks (Lord Mountbatten of Burma's younger daughter) for the wedding of The Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer. In 1978, the Boussac Group filed for bankruptcy and so its assets (including those of Christian Dior) were purchased by the Willot Group under the permission of the Paris Trade Court. The perfume "Dioressence" was released in 1979.

Arrival of businessman Arnault
In 1980, Dior released the men's fragrance "Jules". After the Willot Group went into bankruptcy in 1981, Bernard Arnault and his investment group purchased it for "one symbolic franc" in December 1984. The Dior perfume "Poison" was launched in 1985. That same year, Arnault became chairman, chief executive officer, and managing director of the company. On assuming leadership, Arnault did away with the company's mediocre textile operations, to focus on the Bon Marché department store and Christian Dior Couture. Operations for Christian Dior drastically changed for the better under Arnault. He repositioned it as the holding company Christian Dior S.A. of the Dior Couture fashion business. On the 40th anniversary of Dior's first collection, the Paris Fashion Museum dedicated an exhibition to Christian Dior. In 1988, Arnault's Christian Dior S.A.'s took a 32% equity stake into the share capital of Moët-Hennessy • Louis Vuitton through its subsidiary Jacques Rober, creating what would become one of the leading and most influential luxury goods companies in the world. Under this milestone merger, the operations of Christian Dior Couture and Christian Dior Parfums were once again united. Italian-born Gianfranco Ferré replaced Bohan as head designer in 1989. The first such non-Frenchman, Ferré left behind traditional Dior associations of flirtation and romance, and introduced concepts and a style described as "refined, sober and strict." Ferré headed design for Haute Couture, Haute Fourrure, Women's Ready-to-Wear, Ready-to-Wear Furs and Women's Accessories collections. His first collection was awarded the Dé d'Or in 1989. That year, a boutique was opened in Hawaii and the LVMH stake by Jacques Rober rose to 44%.

Further Dior boutiques were opened in 1990 in upscale New York City, Los Angeles, and Tokyo shopping districts. The stake in LVMH rose again, to 46%. Another collection of watches named "Bagheera" – inspired by the round design of the "Black Moon" watches – was also released in 1990. Having fired the company's managing executive Beatrice Bongbault in December 1990, Arnault took up that position until September 1991, when he placed former Bon Marché president Phillipe Vindry at the post. In 1991, Christian Dior was listed on the spot market and then on the Paris Stock Exchange's monthly settlement market, and the perfume "Dune" was launched. Vindry dropped ready-to-wear prices by 10%. Still, a wool suit from Dior would come with a price label of USD 1,500. 1990 revenue for Dior was USD 129.3 million, with a net income of $22 million. Dior was now reorganized into three categories: 1) women's ready-to-wear, lingerie, and children's wear 2) accessories and jewelry 3) menswear. Licensees and franchised boutiques were starting to be reduced, to increase the company's control over brand product. Licensing was in fact reduced by nearly half because Arnault and Vindry opted "for quality and exclusivity over quantity and accessibility." Wholly company-owned boutiques now opened in Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Cannes, and Waikiki, adding to its core stores located in New York City, Hawaii, Paris and Geneva. This held a potential to increase direct sales and profit margins while maintaining high-profile locations." In 1992, Dior Homme was placed under the artistic direction of Patrick Lavoix, and the "Miss Dior" perfume was relaunched. Francois Baufume succeeded Vindry in 1993 and continued to reduce licenses of the Dior name.

The production of Dior Haute Couture was spun off into a subsidiary named Christian Dior Couture in 1995. Also, the "La Parisienne" watch model was released – embodied in the watch "Parisian Chic". By that year, revenue for the label rose to USD 177 million, with a net income of USD 26.9 million. Under the influence of Anna Wintour, editor and chief of Vogue, CEO Arnault appointed British designer John Galliano to replace Gianfranco Ferré in 1997 (Galliano on CBS News: "without Anna Wintour I would certainly not be at the house of Dior"). This choice of a British designer, once again instead of a French one, is said to have "ruffled some French feathers". Arnault himself stated that he "would have preferred a Frenchman", but that "talent has no nationality". He even compared Galliano to Christian Dior himself, noting that "Galliano has a creative talent very close to that of Christian Dior. He has the same extraordinary mixture of romanticism, feminism, and modernity that symbolised Monsieur Dior. In all of his creations – his suits, his dresses – one finds similarities to the Dior style." Galliano sparked further interest in Dior with somewhat controversial fashion shows, such as "Homeless Show" (models dressed in newspapers and paper bags) or "S&M Show". Meanwhile, Dior licenses were being reduced further by new president and CEO Sidney Toledano. On 15 October 1997, the Dior headquarters store on Avenue Montaigne was reopened –it had been closed and remodeled by Peter Marino – in a celebrity-studded event including Nicole Kidman, Demi Moore and Jacques Chirac. That year, Christian Dior Couture also took over all thirteen boutique franchises from Japan's Kanebo.

In May 1998, another Dior boutique was opened in Paris. This time the store opened its doors on the Left Bank, Place Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Also this year, Victoire de Castellane became lead designer of Dior Fine Jewellery and the first Dior Fine Jewellery boutique opened in New York City. Paris itself would witness the opening of the first Parisian Dior Fine Jewellery boutique the following year, at 28 Avenue Montaigne. The perfume "J'adore" was released in 1999, and on 5 October 1999, Galliano released the Dior Spring-Summer 2000 ready-to-wear fashion show, debuting the new Saddle bag. In the same year, Dior's long watch partner Benedom joined the LVMH group. In 2000, Galliano's leadership was extended to Ready to wear, accessories, advertising and communications. The first campaign under his leadership was photographed by Nick Knight and featured two women simulating intercourse.

Like many other brands in the late 1990s, notably Gucci, featured suggestive images in their ads to draw public attention, Dior ads had such an impact that such publicity became a trend in most fashion ads. Galliano ignited the escalation of erotic advertisements, which culminated with Ungaro's zoophilic ads, shot by Mario Sorrenti, and another ad for Gucci that featured a model with pubic hair shaped like the signature Gucci logo. As a matter of fact, it is considered that Galliano had revolutionized Dior more through his advertising campaigns than through his designs.

On 17 July 2000, Dior Homme lead designer Patrick Lavoix was replaced by Hedi Slimane. Notable Dior releases that year were watches such as the distinctive "Malice", which features bracelets made of "CD" links, as well as the "Riva". Hedi left Dior Homme in 2007 and replaced by Kris Van Assche.

21st century
In 2001, the Dior Homme boutique on 30 Avenue Montaigne reopened with a new "contemporary masculine concept" instilled by its designer Hedi Slimane. Slimane used this concept in the creation of his first Dior Homme collection. Soon, Dior Homme gained prominent male clientele including Brad Pitt and Mick Jagger.

John Galliano then began to release his own Dior watches in 2001, beginning with the "Chris 47 Aluminum" line, marking a new era in Dior watch design. Next, the "Malice" and "Riva" watches were redesigned with precious stones to create the "Malice Sparkling" and "Riva Sparkling" spin-off collections. Inspired by the Spring-Summer 2002 Ready-to-Wear collection, Dior released the "Dior 66" watch, breaking many feminine traditional expectations in design.

The men's fragrance "Higher" was released in 2001, followed by the perfume "Addict" in 2002. The company then opened Milan's first Dior Homme boutique on 20 February 2002. By 2002, 130 locations were in full operation. On 3 June 2002, Slimane was presented with the "International Designer of the Year" award by the CFDA. Until 2002, Kanebo was the Christian Dior ready-to-wear license holder in Japan and, when the license expired, Christian Dior was able to profitable directly sell its ready-to-wear and accessories in its own boutiques. The "Chris 47 Steel" watch was released in 2003 as a cousin of the original "Chris 47 Aluminum". Bernard Arnault, Hélène Mercier-Arnault, and Sidney Toledano witnessed the opening of the Dior flagship boutique in the Omotesandō district of Tokyo on 7 December 2003. The second Dior flagship store was opened in the upscale Ginza shopping district of Tokyo in 2004. An exclusive Dior Homme boutique was opened also that year in Paris on Rue Royale, and it presented the entire Dior Homme collection. A second Dior Fine Jewelry boutique in Paris was opened at 8 Place Vendôme. A Christian Dior boutique was opened in Moscow after the company took control of licensed operations of its Moscow agent.

The designer of Dior Fine Jewelry Victoire de Castellane launched her own watch named "Le D de Dior" (French: "The D of Dior"). signifying the entrance of Dior watches into its collection of fine Jewelry. This watch was designed for women but made use of many design features which are typically thought of as masculine. Slimane next released a watch for the Dior Homme collection called "Chiffre Rouge." This special watch included the signature look of Dior Homme: "Watch design and technology match each other inseparably, to create the perfect expression of Dior Homme's artistic excellence and to increase the watchmaking legitimacy of Dior timepieces." De Castellane then launched her second line of watches called "La Baby de Dior". The design for this line was meant to be more feminine with more of a "jewelry look."

The "Miss Dior Chérie" perfume and the "Dior Homme" fragrance were released in 2005. Galliano released his "Dior Christal" watches in which he combined steel and blue sapphires to create a "creative and innovative collection." Christian Dior S.A. then celebrated the 13th anniversary of Dior Watches in 2005, and, in April of that year, its "Chiffre Rouge" collection was recognized by the World Watches and Jewelry Show in Basel, Switzerland. Also in the year, the fashion house also celebrated the 100th anniversary of the birthday of designer Christian Dior. An exhibition, "Christian Dior: Man of the Century," was held in the Dior Museum in Granville, Normandy.

In 2006, the Dior watch booth was dedicated to the Dior Canework. This pattern was made by designer Christian Dior and based on the Napoleon III chairs used in his fashion shows.

In 2007, Kris Van Assche was appointed as the new artistic director of Dior Homme. Van Assche presented his first collection later that year. The 60th Anniversary of the founding of the Maison Dior was officially celebrated in 2007 as well.

By February 2011, the House of Dior was in scandal after accusations of John Galliano making antisemitic remarks made international headlines: the company found itself in a "public relations nightmare." Galliano was fired in March and the scheduled presentation of his Fall-Winter 2011/2012 ready-to-wear collection went ahead without him, amid the controversy, on 4 March. Before the start of the show, chief executive Sydney Toledano gave a sentimental speech on the values of Christian Dior and alluded to the family's ties to The Holocaust. The show closed with the staff of the atelier coming out to accept applause in the absence of their artistic director. (The previous January 2011 presentation of Spring-Summer 2011 haute-couture was the last appearance of Galliano on the Dior runway.) The company went on ahead and appointed Bill Gaytten as head designer interim in absence of artistic director. Gaytten had worked under Galliano for Dior and for the John Galliano label. The first haute-couture collection (for the Fall-Winter 2011 season) under Gaytten's management was presented in July and was received with mainly negative reviews. Meanwhile, speculation remained for months as it was unknown who would be selected to replace Galliano. During its 13-month period of having no artistic director, Dior began undergoing subtle changes in its designs as the influence of the theatrical and flamboyant Galliano faded. The all-new resigned dior.com was launched in late 2011.

On 23 January 2012, Gaytten presented his second haute-couture collection (for the Spring-Summer 2012 season) for Dior and it was much better received than his first collection.

Belgian designer Raf Simons was announced, on 11 April 2012, as the new artistic director of Christian Dior. Simons was known for his minimalist designs, and this contrasted against the dramatic previous designs of Dior under Galliano. Furthermore, Simons was seen to have emerged as a "dark horse" amid the names of other designers who were considered high contenders. To emphasize the appropriate choice of Simons as the right designer, the company ostentatiously made comparisons between Simons and the original designer Christian Dior. Reportedly, Bernard Arnault and fellow executives at Dior and LVMH were keen to move Dior from the Galliano years. Simons spent much time in the Dior archives and familiarizing himself with haute-couture (as he had no previous background in that niche of fashion). Simons was then scheduled to debut his designs in July. Meanwhile, Gaytten's Spring-Summer 2012 haute-couture collection was presented as the first Dior haute-couture show ever to be held in China on 14 April in Shanghai; and it was a mark of the company's devotion to its presence in the Chinese market.

The show was the last presentation by Gaytten for Dior, and he remained as head designer for the John Galliano label.

On 3 May, the Dior: Secret Garden — Versailles promotional film was launched. It was highly buzzed about throughout various industry and social media sources as it was a display of Dior through its transition. Simons presented his first-ever collection for the company — the Fall-Winter 2012 haute-couture collection — on 2 July. A major highlight of the fall-winter 2012 haute-couture shows, the collection was called by the company as "the new couture" and made reference to the start of a new Dior through the work of Simons "wiping the [haute couture] slate clean and starting again from scratch." The designer's collection "made more references to Mr. Dior than to the house of Dior" with pieces harkening back to themes Dior's post-World War II designs introduced to fashion. Simons, who rarely makes himself available for interviews, gave an interview published by the company through its Dior Mag online feature. While previous runway presentations under Galliano were held at the Musée Rodin, Simons' show was held at a private residence, near the Arc de Triomphe, with the address only disclosed to select top-clients, celebrities, journalists, and other personnel exclusively invited in a discreet affair. High-profile figures in attendance included designers Azzedine Alaïa, Pierre Cardin, Alber Elbaz (Lanvin designer),   Diane von Fürstenberg,   Marc Jacobs,   Christopher Kane,  Olivier Theyskens, Riccardo Tisci,  Donatella Versace;    and Princess Charlene of Monaco, actresses Marion Cotillard, Mélanie Laurent, Jennifer Lawrence, Sharon Stone; film producer Harvey Weinstein; and Dior chairman Arnault with his daughter. Live satellite feed of the show was provided on DiorMag online and Twitter was also implemented for real time communication. By then, it was also known that the company had purchased the Parisian embroidery firm Maison Vermont sometime earlier in 2012.

In March 2015 it was announced that Barbadian singer, actress and businesswoman Rihanna was chosen as the official spokeswoman for Dior; this makes her the first black woman to take the spokeswoman position at Dior. In 2015, Israeli model Sofia Mechetner was chosen to be the new face of Dior.

In 2016, Maria Grazia Chiuri was named the women's artistic director for Dior.

In April 2016 a new Dior flagship boutique opened in San Francisco, with a party hosted by Jaime King.

In 2017, Dior renovated and expanded its Madrid store. The brand celebrated the opening of the new boutique in a masked ball attended by a number of Spanish celebrities like Alejandro Gómez Palomo.

In March 2018, Kim Jones was named the men's artistic director for the house. Under his management Dior has made several high profile streetwear collaborations. Jones first show for Dior featured American artist and designer Brian Donnelly, a.k.a. KAWS. Thereafter followed collaborations with Raymond Pettibon, 1017 ALYX 9SM, Yoon Ahn, Hajime Sorayama, Daniel Arsham, Sacai and most recently Shawn Stussy, creator of the legendary streetwear brand Stüssy.

In October 2019, Dior apologized to China for using a map of China that excluded Taiwan.

On 11 March 2022, 30 Avenue Montaigne has once again opened its doors to the public. The property was closed for two years for a major renovation led by architect Peter Marino. Historically, 30 Avenue Montaigne is the place where Christian Dior showcased his first collection.

In January 2023, it was announced Delphine Arnault would assume the role of chairperson and CEO, beginning in February.

Financial data
Dior pays subcontractors as little as 53 euro for a handbag sold for 2600 euro.

2000s
In 2000, Galliano's collection inspired by homeless people drew criticism, but also attention, to the house of Dior.

2010s
In early 2011, scandal arose when John Galliano was accused of making antisemitic comments after drinking in Paris. Footage was released of the designer under the influence of alcohol saying "I love Hitler" and "People like you would be dead today. Your mothers, your forefathers would be fucking gassed and dead" to a non-Jewish woman. In France, it is against the law to make antisemitic remarks, and is punishable by up to six months in prison. On 1 March 2011, Christian Dior officially announced that it had fired Galliano amidst the controversy.

2022
In the context of the Russian full-scale invasion and Russia’s terroristic actions in Ukraine, Dior took several measures. Dior's parent company, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, said it would "temporarily close [their] stores in Russia and pause all [their] commercial activities." LVMH brands include Christian Dior, Louis Vuitton, and Moët & Chandon. The decision affects 120 stores and 3,500 employees.

In November 2022, Dior launched a Cruise 2023 collection. The photographs showcase models in Russian clothes' attributes on a typical Russian landscape, which caused much controversy in the media.

The comments under Dior posts on social media feature people arguing about the motives of the campaign. On the one side, people supported the brand and thanked it for the support of Russian culture. On the other side, the arguments claimed that supporting a culture that, in the meantime, kills another culture (via conducting massive missile attacks on civil infrastructure, performing numerous acts of terrorism, killing civilians, and destroying Ukrainian culture) is an unethical decision at least.

2017
In 2017, Dior was accused of cultural appropriation by directly plagiarizing a Bihor coat, a traditional Romanian vest, by using the same colour and patterns in its pre-fall collection; Dior had presented it as their original designs without giving any credit to the people of Bihor nor crediting the Romanian people as source of inspiration. As a result, Romanian people were outraged and to fight against this cultural appropriation, a campaign was launched by Romanian fashion magazine Beau Monde who then recruited native craftsmen and fashion designers from Bihor to create a new line of fashion. The cover of the Beau Monde magazine read: "Don't let traditions go out of stock. Support the fashion from Bihor and buy authentic creations from Bihorcouture.com" Thus, the online platform named Bihor Couture was launched; Bihor Couture also publicly shamed Dior for "theft" and sold original artisan-made versions of the traditional Romanian vest.

2022
In April 2022, Dior released a new midi-skirt in Seoul, Dior's art director Maria Grazia Chiuri described the 2022 Fall collection design was inspired by school uniform (including pleated skirts), also in honour of Catherine Dior. This new skirt was plain black wrap-around skirt which was made of two panels of fabric which was sewn to the waistband of the skirt; it featured four flat panels with no pleats (one at each side of each panel of fabric) and pleats; it was constructed in an overlapping fashion such that there was two overlapping flat surface at the back and front and side pleats when worn. On its official website page, this skirt was described as "a hallmark Dior silhouette, the mid-length skirt is updated with a new elegant and modern variation [...]". Three month later, this skirt was noticed by some Hanfu enthusiasts, who criticized it as being created by copying the design. They also indicated that this skirt have the exact same cut and construction as the with only its length being the difference from the orthodox-style and historical  of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 AD). It was, however, noted by Chinese netizens that the 21st modified, modern version of the, also included midi-, had been designed in the past years by Chinese Hanfu designers.

Dior decided to stop this sale in Mainland China to avoid controversy. On 23 July, about 50 Chinese overseas students in Paris, France, made a protest in front of a Dior flagship store at the Champs-Élysées, they used the slogan "Dior, Stop Cultural Appropriation" and "This is a traditional Chinese dress" written with a mixture of French and English; they also called for other overseas students from the United Kingdom and the United States for relay, the Communist Youth League of China also expressed support for this protest. There are also more than 10 Chinese democratic activists lifted banners writing "Skirt Rights Is Bigger Than Human Rights" etc. for anti-protest. And both sides started a conflict with each other. Chinese news media initially have no mention for anti-protest but focused on cultural embezzling accuse. Chinese network also spread a theory that the democracy activists were composed by Taiwanese.

Some French news media commented this was largely due to Dior does not describe its origin for sale with transparency, most criticize views argued that Dior did not respect to Chinese traditions. According to the Journal du Luxe, a French news media, the adoption of the cut and construction design by Dior was not the main issue of the debate and critics but rather on the absence of transparency surrounding the origins of the inspirations behind the skirt design. Some Chinese netizens also criticized Dior on Weibo with comments, such as "Was Dior inspired by Taobao?" while another Instagram user commented on the official Dior account:

"'Les références culturelles à notre pays [Chine] sont plus que bienvenues mais cela ne signifie pas pour autant que vous pouvez détourner notre culture et nier le fait que cette jupe est chinoise!' [transl. 'Taking cultural references from our country [China] is more than welcomed; however, this does not meaning that you can appropriate our culture and deny the fact that this skirt is Chinese!']."

Dior was accused of cultural appropriation for a second time in July 2022 for due to its usage of pattern print which looks like the  into its 2022 autumn and winter ready-to-wear collection having introduced it as being Dior's signature motif Jardin d'Hiver, which was inspired by Christian Dior's wall murals; the  is a traditional Chinese painting theme which belong to the Chinese scholar-artist style in Chinese painting and originated in the Tang dynasty.

2024
In July 2024, the Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM), launched an investigation Dior and other fashion companies. The probe aims to determine whether these companies misled consumers regarding their labor practices and supply chain management.

Ownership and shareholdings
At the end of 2010, the only declared major shareholder in Christian Dior S.A. was Groupe Arnault SAS, the family holding company of Bernard Arnault. The group's control amounted to 69.96% of Dior's stock and 82.86% of its voting rights. The remaining shares are considered free float.

Christian Dior S.A. held 42.36% of the shares of LVMH and 59.01% of its voting rights at the end of 2010. Arnault held an additional 5.28% of shares and 4.65% of votes directly.

Creative directors

 * Christian Dior – 1946–1957
 * Yves Saint Laurent – 1957–1960
 * Marc Bohan – 1960–1989
 * Gianfranco Ferré – 1989–1997
 * John Galliano – 1997–2011
 * Bill Gaytten – 2011–2012
 * Raf Simons – 2012–2015
 * Serge Ruffieux & Lucie Meier 2015–2016
 * Maria Grazia Chiuri (women's) – 2016–present
 * Hedi Slimane (men's) – 2000–2007
 * Kris Van Assche (men's) – 2007–2018
 * Kim Jones (men's) – 2018–present

Retail locations
The company operates a total of 535 locations as of April 2023:

 * Asia: 143
 * Africa: 6
 * Europe: 192
 * Middle East: 45
 * North America: 117
 * Oceania: 10
 * South America: 2

title: Dior


text:
Talk:Six Flags Great Adventure

Prefabricated coaster? Vandalism?
The article references the roller coaster El Toro as a "prefabricated coaster" rather that a "prefabricated wooden coaster" or just a wooden coaster. the term prefabricated coaster wood imply that it is not a wooden coaster. I suspect that the article was vandalized by a coaster enthusiast that believes prefabricated wood coasters are not true wooden coasters which (as of now at least) is false. Also rolling thunder is referred to as THE park's wooden coaster as if it is the parks only further claiming that El toro is not a wood coaster. someone should fix this as I'm not really to sure about making edits. Whiteguy128 (talk) 07:54, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

I have no idea how to properly edit the page, but in the description of El Toro, the lines regarding the coaster looping are false. There is no loops or anything that could be considered a loop on El Toro. 208.68.21.28 (talk) 19:36, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I've fixed the description to remove the false statements (regarding loops) and revising the wording to better describe the prefabricated track. --McDoobAU93 (talk) 19:46, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

Thanks for that correction. I just noticed something else. Under the history section (Park Timeline) for 1984, it says that the 2 trains (Rolling Thunder) were run backwards. This is only half correct. The left hand track was run backwards, the right hand forward. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.68.21.27 (talk) 18:58, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

Incidents
Does anybody have detailed information about the deadly fire in the Haunted House (circa 1988 or so) that prompted (a) the ride's removal or (b) the change in amusement ride governance by the state of NJ that can be added to this article? SpikeJones 14:25, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

If you are still loking for infor on that fire it can be found at this website, http://www.hauntedattraction.com/33/industry.html

Scroll down and you will see a long artcile on it. Here is an excerpt from the artcile, "Fire at the Haunted Castle by Joe Costal It was 6:40 p.m., May 11, 1984. Kathy Ziprik had just gotten home from her job as assistant public relations director for Six Flags Great Adventure, a 1,700-acre theme park in Jackson, New Jersey. The phone rang. On the other end was the park’s on-duty, senior security officer. She was glad he called. Since Kathy had started her job at Great Adventure a few months prior, she worked hard to get employees to follow the correct chain of command. He was right to call her. There was a small fire at the Haunted Castle attraction. Nothing too serious, he just wanted her to know. It was her job to know. He did not think she needed to come back to the park, but Kathy wanted to anyway. It was her job, and besides, her boss was away. She wanted to make doubly sure everything would be all right. She hung up with the officer, and began to get dressed. Kathy never liked the Haunted Castle; frankly it gave her the creeps. Five minutes later, the phone rang again, this time it was a different park security officer. His question would ring in Kathy’s ears for the rest of her life. “There’s a fire at the Haunted Castle, where can the ABC News helicopter land?”" To continue reading, click on the following link, http://www.hauntedattraction.com/33/industry.html

Lightning Loops, Rolling Thunder.
Just from personal memory as a park rat who lived down the road from GA, the Lightning Loops incident involved a girl who jumped into her boyfriend's lap after the ride was cleared, hopping the queue turnstile (he was supposed to hold onto her through the loop). The Rolling Thunder incident was an employee running a ride check who sat on top of the restraint instead of on the seat. You can't cite my memory but this might give somebody a start on finding a source. BillMcGonigle (talk) 23:29, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Reply
See Haunted Castle at Six Flags Great Adventure and Incidents_at_Six_Flags_parks —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chris5858 (talk • contribs) 20:47, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Rail line
It would probably be a really good idea for NJ Transit to build a new rail line from Trenton Station to the park, which would provide easy rail access to the park from Philly and NYC. This would make the park accessible to all the city-dwellers who don't drive. Anyone with me on this? Dusso Janladde 06:14, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

(Anonymous patently racist remark removed by ThatsNotFunny 10:50, 25 July 2006 (UTC))

No. NJTransit already has a bus line from New York City (PABT) to Six Flags. Bus Route #308 NJ Transit also has a bus from Phiidaelphia Greyhound Bus Terminal to Six Flags. Bus Route #318 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.187.51.165 (talk) 22:37, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

Transportation?
Do we really need a section here for directions on how to get to the park? SpikeJones 21:05, 1 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry that it took 16 days for you to get a response - well it is a good idea to help people out, but that is not Wikipedia's purpose. And besides the text in this section isn't wikified.  So I am thinking of taking it out.  --NicAgent 01:16, 18 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Take it out. Same information can be found at the Six Flags website or at Mapquest.Zotdragon 14:38, 18 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. --CliffC 05:52, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Reads like a travel brochure - tagged it "advertisement"
I couldn't find a travel brochure tag, so I could only add the "advertisement" tag. There is a lot of hype and breathless writing in this unsourced article that could stand toning down. For example, Those are from just the first paragraph. The rest is in similar style, with much of it sounding like a Six Flags press release. --CliffC 14:18, 17 March 2007 (UTC)
 * "74 miles from New York City, 67 miles from Newark and 60 miles from Philadelphia"
 * "brilliant and colorful"
 * "the world's tallest and fastest"
 * "more rides than any other theme park in the world, with 72 rides as of 2006"
 * "The theme park will open on April 2, 2007"

Well, Kingda Ka IS the world's tallest and fasted roller coaster, I believe that it is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. I can't be sure, but I would assumme. 67.81.170.159 13:24, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Yeah, the trouble is that most of those things are true. Mileage is important because that's why the park is able to prosper. Kingda Ka is the world's tallest/fastest coaster. The park does have more rides than any other theme park. Those are just facts, and they're important ones; they're what make the park notable. "Brilliant and colorful" may be overkill, but the coasters actually are known for their bright coloring, it might just read better with a rewording. I don't think we need the date it opened this year, though. 128.122.253.229 17:47, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Photograph in violation of park policy
The photo located on this page concerning the parade should be edited. It depicts a park employee sitting in an area reserved for customers. This reflects poorly on the workers of six Flags. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.83.126.126 (talk • contribs)
 * Umm, the worker isn't the focus of that picture, the parade is. Just ignore the worker, plus if the worker is doing something wrong (which I don't think he is, sitting on an empty bench is not a crime) then it should there. Also, the section title you made is very misleading; there is nothing wrong with the picture and the picture violates no policy. --Michael Greiner 05:26, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
 * There is no Wikipedia policy that I know of that would make pictures that are against an individual company's policy to be posted here, provided they are free images. I do, however, find that the cell phone photo is of low quality and unencyclopedic. J.reed 06:59, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

SFGAdv vs. Cedar Point
In the first paragraph of this article, a fact says the following: "According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Six Flags Great Adventure has more rides than any other theme park in the world, with 72 attractions as of 2006". Isn't it Cedar Point the record holder of amusement park attractions, with 69 attractions as of 2006 (70 now), while SFGAdv now only has 53, as the article says, making these two statements be making no sense, as they conflict each other? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.172.225.72 (talk) 19:23, August 26, 2007 (UTC)

 * You know, I just gotta ask, what's with you and Cedar Point?! --Mooshykris 01:31, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * They're both great amusement parks, but I just don't think that that statement in the article is true. I think Cedar Point still holds the record for most attractions at an amusement park. -- 71.172.225.72 09:57, 27 August 2007 (EST)

 * In 2008, something BIG is coming. 71.172.219.240 (talk) 04:09, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

Cedar Point will have 76 rides as of May 10, 2008 so they become the park with the most rides. 98.28.69.39 (talk) 05:28, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

Cue or Queue?
"the Haunted Castle Across the Moat took its que from the rooms and monsters of the 'Transylvanian Haunted Castle"" -- There's no such word as "que." But I can't fix it because I don't know whether the writer meant "cue" or "queue"!

''It's cue as in the idea for the Haunted Castle Across the Moat came from LeRoy's idea for the Transylvanian Haunted Castle. Sorry, I was typing too fast!'' —Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)

Fair use rationale for Image:Supermanultimateflight coas.png
Image:Supermanultimateflight coas.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 09:05, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

This would be better served by a photo of the coaster anyway. Dang, I could have taken one last month. BillMcGonigle (talk) 23:33, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SixFlagsGreatAdventure logo.gif
Image:SixFlagsGreatAdventure logo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:37, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Does Flying Wave still exist?
In the section with events for each year, the 2008 one says that the Flying Wave was closed and Turbo Bungy was moved into its place. However, according to the official Six Flags website, it's still there. They don't have Houdini on the site anymore, so it's not a lack of updating the list. Has anyone here gone to the park this season and seen Turbo Bungy where Flying Wave was? Halofan333 (talk) 23:28, 23 May 2008 (UTC)
 * It's gone (see forums in the external links). Can't really say I miss it (the sound when the ride slowed down always scared me) Not sure about Turbo Bungy. --Michael Greiner 03:17, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

The bridge from Plaza Del Carnaval to Frontier Adventures
The bridge taking you from Plaza Del Carnaval under a section of El Toro's and into Frontier Adventures outside Medusa is reopened for the 2009 season. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.82.178.115 (talk) 02:08, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Great American Scream Machine removal
The park's timeline references closing and dismantling of the Great American Scream Machine. The roller coaster is still running as of July 1, 2010. All discussion of Scream Machine removal, including details and dates of possible closing and removal, are still speculation... unless anyone has more concrete information with a reference? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Airow (talk • contribs) 04:46, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Houdini's Great Escape?
Someone needs to add that Houdini's Great Escape was reopened from memorial to labor day and fright fest... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.250.178.123 (talk) 01:15, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

2012 Golden Ticket Award not yet awarded
Kingda Ka was listed as the 2012 Golden Ticket Award winner for best steel roller coaster. As of this writing on May 20, 2012, the 2012 Golden Ticket Awards have not yet been presented. These are usually awarded in September of the same calendar year. It ranked #33 in 2011. I have removed that listing. Bill S. (talk) 02:56, 21 May 2012 (UTC)

Page name should be moved to official name of "Six Flags Great Adventure & Safari"
The article name should reflect its new combined name of "Six Flags Great Adventure & Safari" (that's what's on the website). 15:24, 1 June 2013 (UTC)User:Americasroof

 * WP:COMMONNAME would hold here, and independent third-party reliable sources call it Six Flags Great Adventure. If sources outside of Six Flags Corporate start using that full name, it'd be worth considering.

 * On an kinda unrelated note, we also would need a reliable source backing up the sizes of both Great Adventure and Animal Kingdom to back up their respective media claims on size. The source added back appears to be a fan-site and thus isn't considered reliable.

 * -- McDoob AU93  15:36, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

 * The corporate name on the official site http://www.sixflags.com/greatadventure/index.aspx calls it "Great Adventure & Safari." This has  become a hot button (and the reason I wandered in) because Six Flags is making the world's largest claim in its advertising.  Safari is where the park gets the acreage to make that claim.  I added several links for the 580 acre number including books and the Chicago newspaper.  Disney can be loosy goosey on its numbers since it owns so much undeveloped land.  Since Six Flags is making the claim and there's a challenge to that number it needs to be made clear.16:43, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

 * We got into the corporate naming business at Walt Disney World as well, and COMMONNAME applied there too, both in moving the name from "Walt Disney World Resort" to "Walt Disney World" and in the initial attempt to move the article to just "Disney World". A couple of the sources you added were still unreliable as they were fan-pages. I did keep the Chicago Tribune citation, which was enough to support the information and is a reliable source. I do agree with your main point that marketing numbers are ripe for challenge and for having supporting information to back it up. -- McDoob  AU93  16:47, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your eagle eye on sources. I'm comfortable with that part now.  Most people will still call it Great Adventure but this was a marketing trick by them to make the claim of world's biggest.  Most of the developed amusement parks are amazingly small in terms of acreage.  Animal parks which require less development can  add up a lot of acreage.Americasroof (talk) 16:58, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Conversely, animal parks have a lot of backstage areas that can be added/removed as needed for marketing purposes. We honestly don't know what the official breakdown of acreage is for each park, although we'd be more likely to get that information for Great Adventure because the government authority for Disney is ... well, Disney. -- McDoob  AU93  17:04, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * And just to make things interesting, there's this on the official Disney site which calls it 403 acres. http://corporate.disney.go.com/media/news/Fact_WDW_Fun_Facts_08_06.pdf which I number I haven't seen anywhere. I really couldn't cite it because I found it via Google and not from a backlink on Disney so it could be a stale document. Americasroof (talk) 17:11, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I guess I do see a lot of references to the 403 number via Google. The official item I mentioned references the Tree of Life which I believe is a new Avatar item that is supposed to be built there so the reference has to be relatively recent.  There's enough "there there" to probably include that number too since it's on the official Disney site.Americasroof (talk) 17:22, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

Safari park car damage
Great Adventure stopped allowing personal cars to drive through the Safari in 2012 (Travelers Today article, ABC News article). Does anyone have a reference to damage done to vehicles? My older brother writes (in an email to my family this week) "I worked at Exxon / Joyce Kilmer (on the NJ Turnpike) when GA first opened. I vividly remember cars coming into the station with COMPLETELY SHREDDED vinyl tops. I remember one guy in particular who had a carload of kids, a look of utter exasperation on his face and a shredded vinyl roof. He said he had the worst day of his life that day." Ckrahe (talk) 12:21, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * IIRC, the park's babboons would often do a number to vehicles when drivers went through their zone. The park made sure guests knew the risks and offered a bypass around the area for guests who didn't want to risk their vehicles. I actually remember that from an "official" travel guide that an author published on all the Six Flags parks (similar to the Birnbaum Disneyland/WDW travel guides). It doesn't detail amounts of damage, just that it was possible. -- McDoob  AU93  15:30, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

Offensive / Fabricated Content?
There is a paragraph in the "Werner LeRoy Era (1974-1977)" section which appears out of place, dubious and includes what appears to be clear vandalism, but I couldn't track it down to a single edit:

"The Walt Disney and the Switlik Park areas debuted in 1999 with several new spinning rides, a smaller Ferris wheel and a Schwartzanigger Jumbo Jet roller coaster. The coaster never opened and was removed at the end of the season. A second flume called the Moon Flume was built by Arrow Dynamics to ease crowds on the Log Flume. It was built on the opposite end of the park and the station turntable is used for the stage of the Wiggles show today. The Fortune Festival was a new game section that was located where the Boardwalk section exists today." 72.76.132.142 (talk) 14:17, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Yes check.svg Done Went through the page history and found the original wording of the paragraph. It's been restored. Thanks for bringing it to our attention ... it's very easy to get "snowblind" when you see an article all the time and don't realize something's out of place. -- McDoob  AU93  15:25, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

Addition of Cyborg
Yes, the park has announced an ABC Rides Tourbillon themed to Cyborg, but the install has not yet been completed. The ride can be added to the list when it is actually installed. There are things that could happen that would prevent this; the park changes ownership, they change their mind on the ride, etc. While unlikely, it is not guaranteed that the ride will be installed. Since there is no deadline, we can wait until it's installed and operational. -- McDoob AU93  21:01, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

This is not consistent with the pages of most other Six Flags and Cedar Fair parks. They all have 2018 ride information. I don't see the point of removing accurate and sourced info from the page, overhanded removals of valid information will make people less likely to contribute to Wikipedia in the future.
 * If you really wanted to make Wikipedia a better place, you would remove announced non-operational rides from the other Six Flags and Cedar Fair parks as well. Rockypedia (talk) 21:47, 19 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Many such articles do indeed list upcoming attractions in the prose discussing the park history, not in the currently available attractions. -- McDoob  AU93  12:12, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Agreed, the prose section is the place for placing text about such announcements, not the lists of current rides. Rockypedia (talk) 03:10, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

Addition of Holiday in the Park
I realized that I originally wrote "Adventure Alley" twice here by accident. That's why I took one of them out, but it keeps getting added back again, even though that's unnecessary. --173.63.143.238 (talk) 01:16, 14 July 2019 (UTC) ---Fixed. Thanks. --Michael Greiner 01:52, 14 July 2019 (UTC)

Retail Stores
I noticed that in the article for this page, it includes only the retail stores on Main Street (like the Looney Tunes Gift Shop and Main Street Market), but not the other retail stores in the park. Personally, I find this to be a little inconsistent...but maybe that's not my call to make. For instance, there are the Attitudes, Flags, and Discovery Gifts retail stores - which are located at the north side of the Boardwalk. Not to mention there is also the Gotham City Gift Shop as well, located in the Movie Town section of the park. There are also a few other retail stores on the far west side of the park that I don't know as much about personally, but regardless my point still stands here. (There is also the "Oasis Cafe" located in Safari Kids - which is technically considered a retail store for a couple of obscure reasons, but acts more like a restaurant.) 173.63.143.238 (talk) 22:30, 17 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Actually, just a brief mention of the types of shops, stores, and restaurants is all that's necessary in an amusement park article (and sometimes not at all). We definitely don't need to delve into listing every single one. Wikipedia is first and foremost an encyclopedia, and encyclopedias focus on the most significant aspects surrounding an article topic. They are not park or travel guides, and this is even mentioned in a core policy at WP:NOTTRAVEL. --GoneIn60 (talk) 06:13, 18 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I have removed the list of stores from the Main Street subsection as stores are not usually considered attractions. I did leave the gazebo as entertainment venues can serve as attractions.97.100.102.202 (talk) 20:28, 17 November 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:52, 22 March 2020 (UTC)
 * Batman & Robin The Chiller 01.jpg

A big thanks to GoneIn60
GoneIn60, thank you for expanding on my edit! 😃 CamdenFreeway295 (talk) 19:02, 5 July 2020 (UTC)

Restaurant List
Is the restaurant list section really needed? I thought this was clarified in the Retail Store discussion that stores and dining locations do not need to be listed one by one. Eye4ThemeParks (talk) 18:22, 8 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Update: I have removed the restaurant list section. Restaurants lists are not encyclopedic and not included in most other theme park articles. Eye4ThemeParks (talk) 12:40, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

 * That's correct. They are almost always non-notable. Every amusement park has 'em. A restaurant would have to be along the lines of famous and written about in many sources to qualify as an exception. --GoneIn60 (talk) 13:59, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

History section lacking cites
To interested editors, the History section could use extra verification/citations - mainly in the sub-sections talking about earlier years. If any editors would like to pursue this and find more citations, that would be great! Thanks, Harobouri • 🎢  • 🏗 (he/him • WP:APARKS)  02:01, 13 December 2022 (UTC)

Holiday-in-the-Park Section Edit
I edited out the part of the "Holiday-in-the-Park" section where it said that HitP attracts some of the heaviest crowds of the year (followed by a "citation needed" bracket after that, which shows that it's an unsubstantiated claim). I know for a fact that HitP definitely attracts less heavy crowds than Fright Fest does. What's interesting though, is that HitP at its slowest can be crawling quiet; but HitP at its busiest can be equivalent to a typical summer weekend. 71.104.75.6 (talk) 12:55, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Six Flags Great Adventure


text:
White Sulphur Springs

White Sulphur Springs may refer to:
 * White Sulphur Springs (California)
 * White Sulphur Springs, Florida, a former name or the natural spring of White Springs, Florida
 * White Sulphur Springs, Hall County, Georgia, an unincorporated community
 * White Sulphur Springs, Meriwether County, Georgia, an unincorporated community
 * White Sulphur Springs (Jena, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP in La Salle Parish
 * White Sulphur Springs, Indiana
 * White Sulphur Springs, Montana
 * White Sulphur Springs, New York
 * White Sulphur Springs, North Carolina
 * White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
 * White Sulphur Springs (Amtrak station)

title: White Sulphur Springs


text:
White Township

White Township may refer to the following places:

In Canada

 * White Township, Nipissing District, Ontario (geographic / historical)

Arkansas

 * White Township, Ashley County, Arkansas
 * White Township, Newton County, Arkansas
 * White Township, Pike County, Arkansas
 * White Township, Polk County, Arkansas

Kansas

 * White Township, Kingman County, Kansas

Minnesota

 * White Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota

Missouri

 * White Township, Macon County, Missouri
 * White Township, Benton County, Missouri

New Jersey

 * White Township, Warren County, New Jersey

North Dakota

 * White Township, Pierce County, North Dakota

Oklahoma

 * White Township, McCurtain County, Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

 * White Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania
 * White Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania
 * White Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania

South Dakota

 * White Township, Marshall County, South Dakota

title: White Township


text:
Whitesburg

Whitesburg may refer to a place in the United States:

 * Whitesburg, Georgia
 * Whitesburg, Kentucky
 * Whitesburg, Tennessee

title: Whitesburg


text:
Whiteville

Whiteville may refer to a place in the United States:

 * Whiteville, Louisiana
 * Whiteville, North Carolina
 * Whiteville, Tennessee
 * Whiteville, Virginia

title: Whiteville


text:
Winterville

Winterville or Wintersville may refer to:

 * Winterville (band), a British-based blues-rock trio

 * Places in the United States
 * Winterville, Georgia
 * Wintersville, Missouri
 * Winterville, North Carolina
 * Wintersville, Ohio
 * Wintersville, Pennsylvania
 * Winterville Plantation, Maine
 * Winterville site

title: Winterville


text:
Woodway

Woodway may refer to:
 * Woodway, Virginia
 * Woodway, Washington
 * Woodway, Texas

title: Woodway


text:
Addison Township

Addison Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

 * Addison Township, DuPage County, Illinois
 * Addison Township, Shelby County, Indiana
 * Addison Township, Michigan
 * Addison Township, Knox County, Nebraska
 * Addison Township, North Dakota
 * Addison Township, Ohio
 * Addison Township, Pennsylvania

title: Addison Township


text:
Amenia

Amenia may refer to:
 * Amenia, Illinois
 * Amenia (town), New York
 * Amenia (NYCRR station), one of two former railway stations serving the New York town of the same name
 * Amenia (CDP), New York, a hamlet within the town
 * Amenia, North Dakota
 * Amenia (wife of Horemheb), ancient Egyptian
 * Amenia (fly), a genus of blow-flies

title: Amenia


text:
Baldwin Township

Baldwin Township may refer to:

In Canada

 * Baldwin Township, Ontario

In the United States

 * Baldwin Township, Iosco County, Michigan
 * Baldwin Township, Delta County, Michigan
 * Baldwin Township, Sherburne County, Minnesota
 * Baldwin Township, North Carolina, in Chatham County
 * Baldwin Township, Barnes County, North Dakota
 * Baldwin Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

title: Baldwin Township


text:
Au Sable

Au Sable, Ausable  or Aux Sable may refer to various places:

Illinois

 * Aux Sable Township, Grundy County, Illinois

Michigan

 * Au Sable Township, Iosco County, Michigan
 * Au Sable, Michigan, an unincorporated community in the above township
 * Au Sable Township, Roscommon County, Michigan

New York

 * Au Sable, New York
 * Ausable Chasm

title: Au Sable


text:
Baring

Baring may refer to one of the following:

People

 * Baring (surname)
 * Baring family

German-British Baring family

 * Family Name of the Earl of Cromer
 * Family Name of the Baron & Earl of Northbrook
 * Family Name of the Baron Ashburton
 * Family Name of the Baron Howick of Glendale
 * Family Name of the Baron Revelstoke

Places

 * Baring, Victoria, Australia
 * Baring, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Cape Baring, Northwest Territories, Canada
 * Baring, Missouri, US
 * Baring, Washington, US
 * Baring Plantation, Maine, US
 * Båring, Denmark

Banks

 * Barings LLC, the successor of Barings Bank
 * Barings Bank, a bank created in 1762 and closed in 1995
 * Baring Private Equity Asia, an Asian private equity firm

Ships

 * Baring (1801 Indiaman), a merchant vessel of the East India Company, later a convict transport
 * Baring (1809 ship), a merchant vessel

Other uses

 * Baring Road

title: Baring


text:
User talk:Samwyse

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 21:17, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your warm welcome. Actually, most of your tips I knew already from the German WP, but nontheless: Thank You! Samwyse 21:28, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/Five-Point Palm Exploding Heart Technique
Hello. You seem to have forgetten to sign logged in. -- Procrastinating@ talk2me 11:30, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I did not sign anything in relation with this article, neither logged in nor unlogged. Seems someone using the same provider must have got an IP that I once used. Samwyse 22:19, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Samwyse


text:
Bay View

Bay View may refer to:

Places
New Zealand:
 * Bay View, New Zealand (in Hawke's Bay)

South Africa:
 * Bay View, Western Cape

United Kingdom:
 * Bay View, Kent

United States:
 * Bay View, California, former name of Bayview, Humboldt County, California
 * Bay View, Michigan
 * Bay View, Ohio
 * Bay View, Washington
 * Bay View, Wisconsin (disambiguation), multiple places
 * Bay View, a neighborhood of Gloucester, Massachusetts
 * Bay View station, Los Angeles, California

Other uses

 * San Francisco Bay View, newspaper, after the San Francisco neighborhood

title: Bay View


text:
Beebe

Beebe may refer to:

People

 * Given name
 * Beebe Steven Lynk (1872–1948), American chemist

 * Surname
 * Beatrice Beebe (born 1946), American psychologist
 * Carey Beebe (born 1960), Australian harpsichord maker
 * Carolyn Beebe (1873–1950), American pianist
 * Chad Beebe (born 1994), American football player
 * Chase Beebe (born 1985), American mixed martial artist
 * Clara W. Beebe (1868–1927), American leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
 * Dion Beebe (born 1968), Australian-born South African cinematographer
 * Dan Beebe (born 1957), American football commissioner
 * Don Beebe (born 1964), American football player
 * Dora Beebe (died 1994), American murder victim
 * Fred Beebe (1879–1957), American baseball player
 * Ford Beebe (1888–1978), American screenwriter and director
 * Frank Beebe (1914–2008), Canadian falconer, writer and wildlife illustrator
 * Fritz Beebe (1914–1973), American newspaper publisher
 * George M. Beebe (1836–1927), American politician
 * Gilbert Wheeler Beebe (1912–2003), American epidemiologist and statistician
 * Hank Beebe (1926–2023), American composer
 * Herman K. Beebe, American fraudster
 * John Beebe (born 1939), American psychiatrist
 * Keith Beebe (1921–1998), American football player
 * Lewis C. Beebe (1891–1951), United States Army general
 * Lottie Beebe (born 1953), American school superintendent
 * Lucius Beebe (1902-1966), American author, journalist, and gourmand
 * Matthew Beebe (1833–1901), American businessman and politician
 * Marjorie Beebe (1908–1983), American actress
 * Mike Beebe (born 1946), governor of Arkansas
 * Milton Earl Beebe (1840–1923), American architect
 * Richard Beebe (1929–1998), American radio personality
 * Reta Beebe (born 1936), American astronomer
 * Robert Beebe (born 1992), American soccer player
 * Roswell Beebe (1795–1856), American politician
 * S. P. Beebe (1876–1930), American cancer researcher
 * Steven A. Beebe (born 1950), American academic
 * Troy Beebe (born 1962), American racing driver
 * William Beebe (1877–1962), American naturalist, explorer, and author
 * William Sully Beebe (1841–1898), American Union army officer

Places

 * Beebe, Arkansas
 * Beebe, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Beebe, South Dakota, an unincorporated community
 * Beebe, Washington, an unincorporated community
 * Beebe, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Beebe Mountain, in Washington state
 * Beebe River, in New Hampshire, United States
 * Beebe Windmill, in Sag Harbor, New York

Other uses

 * Beebe Healthcare, serving Sussex County, Delaware, United States

title: Beebe


text:
Belden

Belden may refer to:

United States

 * Belden, California
 * Belden, Colorado
 * Belden, Illinois
 * Belden, Minnesota
 * Belden, Mississippi
 * Belden, Nebraska
 * Belden, North Dakota
 * Belden, Ohio

Other uses

 * Belden (electronics company), an American electronics company based in St. Louis, Missouri
 * Belden (given name), a masculine given name
 * Belden (surname), an Americanized surname
 * Belden Brick Company, an American brick manufacturer

title: Belden


text:
Bellmont

Bellmont may refer to:

 * Bellmont, Illinois, United States
 * Bellmont, New York, United States
 * Bellmont High School, Decatur, Indiana

title: Bellmont


text:
Berrien

Berrien may refer to:

People

 * Berrien (surname)
 * Berrien Kinnard Upshaw (1901–1949), husband of Margaret Mitchell

Places

 * Berrien County, Georgia, USA
 * Berrien County School District; including Berrien High School, Berrien Middle School, Berrien Elementary School
 * Berrien County, Michigan, USA
 * Berrien Charter Township, Michigan, USA
 * Berrien City, New Jersey, USA
 * Berrien, Finistère, France; a commune of the Finistère département

title: Berrien


text:
Bingham Township

Bingham Township may refer to:
 * Bingham Township, Hancock County, Iowa
 * Bingham Township, Clinton County, Michigan
 * Bingham Township, Huron County, Michigan
 * Bingham Township, Leelanau County, Michigan
 * Bingham Township, Orange County, North Carolina, in Orange County, North Carolina
 * Bingham Township, Traill County, North Dakota, in Traill County, North Dakota
 * Bingham Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania

title: Bingham Township


text:
Category:Nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen is a critical chemical element in both proteins and nucleic acids, and thus every living organism must metabolize nitrogen to survive. Only bacteria and Archaea are able to convert nitrogen gas (N2) to and from soluble ionic compounds that other organisms can metabolize.

title: Category:Nitrogen cycle