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Politics of Europe

The politics of Europe deals with the continually evolving politics within the continent of Europe. It is a topic far more detailed than other continents due to a number of factors including the long history of nation states in the region as well as the modern day trend towards increased political unity amongst the European states.

The current politics of Europe can be traced back to historical events within the continent. Likewise geography, economy, and culture have contributed to the current political make-up of Europe.

Modern European politics is dominated by the European Union, since the fall of the Iron Curtain and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc of Communist states. After the end of the Cold War, the EU expanded eastward to include the former Communist countries. As of 31 January 2020, the EU has 27 member states.

However, there are a number of other international organizations made up predominantly of European nations, or explicitly claiming a European origin, including the 46-nation Council of Europe - the first post-war European organization, regarded as a fore-runner to the European Union - and the 57-nation Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), which also includes the United States and Canada, as well as some central Asian states.

Modern political climate
Despite vastly improved relations between Russia and the Western European states since the end of the cold war, recently tensions have risen over the spread of "Western" organizations, particularly the EU and NATO, eastwards into former USSR states.

Many European states have either joined or stated their ambition to join the European Union.

There are few conflicts within Europe, although there remain problems in the Western Balkans, the Caucasus, Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom and the Basque Country in Spain.

According to 2007 data published in 2008 by Freedom House, the countries of Europe that cannot be classified liberal electoral democracies are Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia, Kazakhstan and Russia.

International unions, organizations and alliances

''European states are members of a large number of international organizations, mainly economical, although several are political, or both. The main political unions are detailed below.''

European Union

 * Also see: Politics of the European Union, Enlargement of the European Union, Future enlargement of the European Union, Foreign relations of the European Union, Eastern Partnership

The European Union, or EU, is a political union of 27 states. It has many activities, the most important being a common single market, consisting of a customs union, a single currency (adopted by 20 of 27 member states), a Common Agricultural Policy and a Common Fisheries Policy. The European Union also has various initiatives to co-ordinate activities of the member states.

The EU, considered as a unit, has the second largest economy in the world with a nominal GDP of 14.9 trillion USD in 2020. There is also a trend of moving towards increased co-operation in terms of common defense and foreign policy.

The union has evolved over time from a primarily economic union to an increasingly political one. This trend is highlighted by the increasing number of policy areas that fall within EU competence; political power has tended to shift upwards from the member states to the EU. The further development of the political competencies of the EU is the subject of heavy debate within and between some member states.

Council of Europe
The Council of Europe brings together 46 European nations - the entire continent with the exception of Russia, which was expelled in 2022 following its invasion of Ukraine, and Belarus. Founded in 1949, it is the oldest of the European organizations, embodying post-war hopes for peaceful co-operation, and is focused on the three statutory aims of promoting human rights, democracy and the rule of law. It does not deal with economic matters or defense. Its main achievement is the European Convention on Human Rights, which binds its 46 contracting parties to uphold the basic human rights of their citizens, and the Strasbourg Court which enforces it. The Council of Europe is regarded as a classic intergovernmental organization, with a parliamentary arm, and has none of the supranational powers of the EU – thus it could be compared to a regional version of the United Nations.

European Political Community
The European Political Community (EPC) was formed in October 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The group first met in October 2022 in Prague, with participants from 44 European countries, as well as representatives of the European Union. Russia and Belarus were not invited to the inaugural meeting. It is envisioned that the group will meet twice in plenary session twice each year.

Community of Democratic Choice
The Community of Democratic Choice (CDC) was formed in December 2005 at the primary instigation of Ukraine and Georgia, and composed of six Post-Soviet states (Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and the three Baltic Assembly members of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) and three other countries of Eastern and Central Europe (Slovenia, Romania and North Macedonia). The Black Sea Forum (BSF) is a closely related organization. Observer countries include Armenia, Bulgaria, and Poland.

Just like GUAM before it, this forum is largely seen as intending to counteract Russian influence in the area. This is the only international forum centered in the post-Soviet space in which the Baltic states also participate. The other three post-Soviet states in it are all members of GUAM.

Eurasian Economic Union
The Eurasian Economic Union is an economic union of post-Soviet states. The treaty aiming for the establishment of the EEU was signed on 29 May 2014 by the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, and came into force on 1 January 2015. Treaties aiming for Armenia's and Kyrgyzstan's accession to the Eurasian Economic Union were signed on 9 October 2014 and 23 December respectively. Armenia's accession treaty came into force on 2 January 2015. Although Kyrgyzstan's accession treaty did not come into force until May 2015, provided it has been ratified, it will participate in the EEU from the day of its establishment as an acceding state. Moldova and Tajikistan are prospective members.

Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
The Euronest Parliamentary Assembly is the inter-parliamentary forum in which members of the European Parliament and the national parliaments of Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia participate and forge closer political and economic ties with the European Union.

Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a confederation consisting of 12 of the 15 states of the former Soviet Union, (the exceptions being the three Baltic states). Although the CIS has few supranational powers, it is more than a purely symbolic organization and possesses coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking and security. The most significant issue for the CIS is the establishment of a full-fledged free trade zone and economic union between the member states, launched in 2005. It has also promoted co-operation on democratization and cross-border crime prevention. Additionally, six members of the CIS signed on to a collective security treaty known as the Collective Security Treaty Organization.

Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations
The post-Soviet disputed states of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria are all members of the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations which aims to forge closer integration among the members.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance of mainly European states, together with the United States of America and Canada. The organization was founded as a collective security measure following Second World War.

This provision was intended so that if the Soviet Union launched an attack against the European allies of the United States, it would be treated as if it were an attack on the United States itself, which had the biggest military and could thus provide the most significant retaliation. However, the feared Soviet invasion of Europe never came. Instead, the provision was invoked for the first time in the treaty's history on 12 September 2001, in response to the attacks of 11 September on the United States the day before.

GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development
GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development is a regional organization of four CIS states: Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova. The group was created as a way of countering the influence of Russia in the area, and it has received backing and encouragement from the United States. Though at one point it was generally considered to have stagnated, recent developments have caused speculation on the possible revival of the organization.

Secessionist and devolutionary pressures
These movements, seeking either autonomy or independence, vary greatly in their popular support and political profile, from fringe movements to mainstream campaigns.

Belgium
Two of Belgium's political parties, the Vlaams Belang and New-Flemish Alliance, want Flanders, the northern part of the country, to become independent. Other Flemish parties plead for more regional autonomy. There is also a minor movement aiming at unification of Flanders with the Netherlands (see Greater Netherlands).

The autonomous Belgian region of Wallonia has an almost extinct movement seeking unification with France.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Some inhabitants of Republika Srpska, one of the two constituent entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina), the vast majority of them being ethnic Serbs, would opt for independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina and unification with Serbia. Republika Srpska comprises 49% of the territory of Bosnia and functions independently from the rest of the country in many spheres. Even though independence is not on the official government agenda, Serbian politicians from the region see a link between a possible future status of Kosovo and the status of Republika Srpska.

Croats, who remain a constituent nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina remain united with ethnic Bosniaks in a joint entity. Some Bosnian Croat politicians have proposed a separate constituent entity for Croats along the lines of the Republika Srpska.

Denmark
The Danish territories of Greenland and Faroe Islands have very strong independence movements. Greenland's autonomy marks it as a constituent country under the Danish kingdom.

Finland
The Åland Islands has an autonomy. In 2003, the Ålandian separatist party Ålands Framtid was formed. There has not been much support for full independence since the Independence of Finland, but in the last years the support has slightly grown.

France
The Mediterranean island of Corsica has a significant and growing group calling for independence from France. There are also movements in the Brittany region of northern France who wish to regain independence lost in 1532, and in Savoy in the south east, which was annexed to France following a disputed referendum in 1860.

Parts of Navarre, Basque Country and Catalonia cross into France.

Georgia
South Ossetia declared independence on 28 November 1991, and Abkhazia on 23 July 1992. Following the brief 2008 South Ossetia war, both entities were partially recognised as independent by several UN member states. Georgia considers both "occupied territories" within its own borders. Both states participate in the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations.

Italy
Lega Nord, a party which is especially strong in Veneto (Liga Veneta) and Lombardy (Lega Lombarda), has promoted either secession or larger autonomy for Northern Italy under the name Padania, blaming Southern Italy for siphoning away tax funds and blocking progress. Similar groups are active in Southern Italy, but can rely on a far smaller electoral support. Plenty of autonomist and separatist parties are active in Northern regions: Valdostan Union, South Tyrolean People's Party, Die Freiheitlichen, Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party, North-East Union, Veneto State, etc.

In the province of South Tyrol the South Tyrolean Freedom party, which campaigned for the reunion of the province with Austria, while in Sardinia the Independence Republic of Sardinia supports outright independence for the region. The Mediterranean region is home to many autonomist parties: Sardinian Action Party, Sardinian Reformers, Sardinian People's Party, Union of Sardinians, Red Moors, etc.

Autonomist presidents lead four out twenty regions of Italy: Veneto (Luca Zaia, Łiga Veneta), Aosta Valley (Augusto Rollandin, Valdostan Union), Lombardy (Roberto Maroni, Lega Lombarda) and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (Lorenzo Dellai, Union for Trentino).

Moldova
The eastern Moldovan region of Transnistria, which has a large ethnic Russian and Ukrainian population, has declared independence from Moldova on 2 September 1990 and is a member of the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations. Despite having no control over the region, the Moldovan government refuses to recognise this claim. There is a significant movement in Moldova and Romania aiming at the reunification of the two countries.

Netherlands
The Frisian National Party seeks more autonomy for Friesland without striving for complete independence. The preservation of Frisian culture is an important goal of the party.

Romania
Before the Treaty of Trianon after World War I, Transylvania belonged to Austria-Hungary, and it contains minorities of ethnic Hungarians who desire regional autonomy in the country.

Russia
Several of Russia's regions have independence movements, mostly in the state's north Caucasus border. The most notable of these are Chechnya, Dagestan and Ingushetia, which have well supported guerrilla groups involved in open conflict with the Russian authorities.

Some Tatar people seek independence for the region of Tatarstan

Serbia
The status of Kosovo is the subject of a long-running political and territorial dispute between the Serbian (and previously, the Yugoslav) government and Kosovo's largely ethnic-Albanian population. International negotiations began in 2006 to determine final status (See Kosovo status process). Kosovo declared independence on 17 February 2008.

Spain
Within Spain there are independence movements in some of the autonomous regions, notably the regions that have co-official languages such as Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Galicia. These are mostly peaceful but some, such as ETA and Terra Lliure, have used violent means.

Ukraine
The Ukrainian autonomous region of Crimea has been annexed by the Russian Federation. The eastern, majority Russophone part of the country is divided, and there are calls from some groups for the area to leave Ukraine and join Russia.

United Kingdom
In Northern Ireland, Sinn Féin and the Social Democratic and Labour Party achieve between them around 40% of the vote at elections, with both parties supporting Northern Ireland leaving the United Kingdom and joining Ireland to create a United Ireland.

In Scotland, the Scottish National Party (SNP), the Scottish Greens, the Scottish Socialist Party (SSP) and the Alba Party all support Scottish independence. The SNP won an outright majority at the 2011 Scottish Parliament election and held the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, in the majority of Scottish voters backed remaining part of the United Kingdom by a 55% - 45% margin. There have, however, been revived calls for independence since the 2016 EU referendum, which saw both Scotland and Northern Ireland vote to Remain.

In Wales, Plaid Cymru and the Propel support Welsh independence. Polls generally show support for Welsh independence at around 20-25%.

In England, there are movements, such as the English Democrats, calling for a devolved English Parliament. There are also movements, such as the Wessex Regionalists, calling for devolution of power to the English regions. Movements seeking autonomy or independence include Mebyon Kernow in the peninsula of Cornwall.

As of 24 June 2016, the United Kingdom officially voted to leave the European Union. It is currently an ongoing process before the process of withdrawing officially begun on 29 March 2019. However, individual constituent countries within the United Kingdom, more specifically Scotland and Northern Ireland voted to remain in the European Union, prompting calls for another independence referendum in Scotland as well as raising the possibility of Irish reunification.

title: Politics of Europe


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Talk:Turkish Football Federation

Comment
So what is the correct English name of TFF?

FIFA (http://fifa.com/en/organisation/confederations/associationdetails/0,,TUR,00.html?countrycode=TUR) just gives the Turkish name: Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu, which direct translation, if I am correct, is Turkey Football Federation. But UEFA (http://www.uefa.com/footballcentral/directory/country=TUR/Association=135/index.html) and TFF (http://www.tff.org/ENGLISH/tff_indexing.htm) both have Turkish Football Association, but it's obvious that "Federation" is a more apporpriate word here.

In English, Turkey Football Federation does not sound right; the country name should be made into an ajective, and that is probably why the TTF translates its name into English as such. Therfore, Turkish Football Federation makes most sense to me.

Turkish Super League
I nominated the article of Turkish Super League to be the next article to be upgraded by the Wikipedia community. Please go to this page and vote for our league. We need at least 3 votes to win!.Haydi Beyler, Deliogul 22:35, 31 December 2006 (UTC)

Turkish Football Federation's Logo is incorrect.
The logo used/shown on the page was the old logo. The official logo of TFF has changed a few times since that old one. The newest Logo is as; http://brandsoftheworld.com//brands/0015/1707/brand.gif or as shown in the official web site: www.tff.org.

Thus, the full name was used as Turkish Football Associaton but with the new logo; both Turkish and English names used officially as part of the logo as Turkiye Futbol Federasyonu / Turkish Football Federation.

Btw, the "external links" part directs to an old page that is no more exist as the official site... The "English" version of the site is no more active, the website is newly re-designed.

Thanks (ManusH) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 85.100.70.255 (talk) 19:56, 6 March 2007 (UTC).

Controversial denial of former national championships
About the page, the whole section is totaly biased head to toe. It should tell the process of what is happening but instead it tells teh story from one side. How can anyone said it is not biased, because of sources? All of the sources are discreditable sources, especially the newspapers.

I just want to make unbiased, not one point of view, you can understand it I hope. — Preceding unsigned comment added by UniqueHornClub (talk • contribs) 19:33, 20 January 2020 (UTC)

 * The former championships were both held by this federation and now not acknowledged. This is an unparalelled case of denial, since it was this very same federation which held them officially. At least a few clubs are robbed of their titles and protest this denial. That's what makes it controversial in the first place. What exactly is biased? The denial part? It's a simple fact. And it's also a simple fact that a part of the public asks the federation to stop with the denial. So please stop your edit war and the removal of sourced content. Akocsg (talk) 00:06, 21 January 2020 (UTC)

As you are a Fenerbahçe Member, which you mention on your Turkish Wikipedia page, you are biased and you wanted to make your clubs propaganda as something "fact", which is not. The fact that, you can easily say to 10 day tournament as "championship" and counting them as champion and at the same time you are counting a tournament which is happening in same year with that 10 day championship, which Fenerbahçe plays both of them and you can count both of them legit, makes your argument purely propaganda... I know that I'm not that good editor as you, I'm going to lose that battle because you know the editing rules better than me. — Preceding unsigned comment added by UniqueHornClub (talk • contribs) 16:31, 4 March 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Turkish Football Federation


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Anthony Muñoz

Michael Anthony Muñoz (born August 19, 1958) is an American former football offensive tackle who played for 13 seasons with the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the USC Trojans. In 2022, an ESPN panel named Muñoz as the greatest offensive tackle in NFL history. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1998.

Early life and college career
Muñoz went to Chaffey High School in Ontario, California. He played college football at the University of Southern California from 1976 to 1979. He also played baseball there, pitching for USC's national championship team in 1978. The Trojans won a bowl game in all four of Muñoz's seasons, including three victories in the Rose Bowl. However, injuries had cut Muñoz's freshman and junior seasons short, forcing him to miss the team's Rose Bowl wins in both years.

In the opening game of his senior year, Muñoz suffered torn knee ligaments and had to miss all of the remaining regular season games, though he did return for USC's 17–16 Rose Bowl win over the previously undefeated Ohio State University on New Year's Day in 1980. Muñoz could have requested a medical redshirt, enabling him to play as a 5th year senior in 1980, or simply focused on getting ready for the upcoming NFL draft, but he insisted on coming back for the Rose Bowl. "I can’t imagine missing that experience with my guys," Muñoz explained. USC running back Charles White rushed for a Rose Bowl record 247 yards in the game, including six carries on an 83-yard drive to score the game winning touchdown with 1:32 left, mostly running to left weak side behind Muñoz. "He played the whole ball game, he didn’t get hurt and we won," USC coach John Robinson said of Muñoz after the game. "To me, that’s a perfect game. That’s one of the greatest things I’ve ever seen happen."

Cincinnati Bengals
Muñoz was the third overall pick in the 1980 NFL draft by the Cincinnati Bengals. His selection was viewed as a major risk by many pundits since knee problems limited the 6 ft. 6 in., 280-pound Muñoz to just a combined 16 games in his final two college seasons.

Muñoz became a starter in his rookie season and remained a fixture at left tackle for the Bengals for 13 seasons and is considered one of the greatest offensive linemen - if not the greatest - in NFL history. Despite his history of injuries, Muñoz missed just three games during his first 12 seasons. His rigorous workout routine included working out in the weight room he had installed in his home and running three to four miles every day. In addition to his talents as a blocker, Anthony Muñoz was also a capable receiver, notching seven receptions for 18 yards and scoring four touchdowns on tackle-eligible plays, including one in 1984 from rookie quarterback Boomer Esiason against the Cleveland Browns in Cleveland.

Muñoz played in two Super Bowls during his time with the Bengals, XVI and XXIII, both narrow losses to the San Francisco 49ers.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers/Retirement
After missing much of the 1992 season battling knee and shoulder injuries, Muñoz attempted to play a 14th season with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, but he was released before the season started and decided to retire shortly after.

Legacy
Muñoz was the Offensive Lineman of the Year in 1981, and 1988, and was awarded the NFL Players Association Lineman of the Year honors in 1981, 1985, 1988, and 1989. The NFL Alumni Association voted Munoz the Offensive Lineman of the Year four times (1987, 1989–1991). He won the Seagram's Seven Crowns of Sports award for Offensive Lineman of the Year in 1981 and 1986.

At the time of his retirement, his Pro Bowl selections were tied with Tom Mack for the most ever by an offensive lineman in league history, and also set the Bengals franchise record. In 1994, Muñoz was named to the National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team. In 1999, he was ranked #17 on Sporting News' list of the 100 greatest football players and was the highest-ranked offensive lineman. In 2010, he was ranked #12 on the NFL Network's The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players list and again was the highest-ranked offensive lineman.

In 1998, Muñoz was enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was the first exclusive Cincinnati Bengals player to be enshrined. Shortly after receiving the honor, Muñoz's hometown of Ontario, California, renamed its Colony Park "Anthony Muñoz Hall of Fame Park". The renaming ceremony was held on June 26, 1998, and was attended by Muñoz, his family, city officials, and Ontario residents.

Muñoz was a member of the Bengals inaugural Ring of Honor class in 2021.

While the Bengals have not officially retired it, they have not reissued the number 78 since Muñoz left the team.

Movies and television
Muñoz appeared in two motion pictures: 1980's Borderline as "Guatemalan" and 1983's The Right Stuff (an Academy Award nominee for Best Picture) as "Gonzalez".

From 1994 to 1995, Muñoz served as a color commentator on Fox Sports' NFL telecasts and has for many years been color commentator for TV broadcasts of Bengals' preseason games.

Post-NFL career
Since 1992, Muñoz has starred in a series of commercials for the Cincinnati-area furniture store Furniture Fair.

In 2002, the Anthony Muñoz Foundation was created to consolidate Muñoz's charitable activities and encourages area individuals and businesses to "...impact area youth mentally, physically and spiritually". In 2004, Muñoz served on a panel to select the year's recipient of the Walter Payton Award. On November 14, 2012, Allstate dedicated a Hometown Hall of Famers plaque to Muñoz at Chaffey High School. On October 8, 2015, Muñoz received the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Medallion of Excellence for his contributions to the Hispanic community.

Muñoz attended a celebrity flag-football game at Candlestick Park, the last event before the demolition of the stadium in 2014. He describes the event: "The final touchdown pass, there were probably 30,000 people in that stadium viewing a bunch of old guys playing a flag football game, but to see (Montana) throw to (DeBartolo) for the final touchdown there and to hear the fans go crazy and to see the admiration from these former players like Ronnie Lott and Joe Montana; that to me was impressive... to me, that's what it's all about."

Personal life
Muñoz is of Mexican–American descent and met his wife at USC; they married during his sophomore year in 1978. They have two children. His son Michael played offensive lineman at Tennessee where he was an All-America and went undrafted in 2005. His daughter, Michelle, played basketball at Tennessee and later transferred to Ohio State.

Muñoz is a Christian. He has said, “My faith is everything for me in my life, college, my 13 years playing in the NFL. Now that I've been retired from the NFL it continues to be the most important thing in my life.”

title: Anthony Muñoz


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Madrid bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics

Madrid 2012 was one of the five short-listed bids for the 2012 Summer Games. Madrid and New York City were the only two cities that opted to hold the 2012 Olympics that had never held a Summer Olympics before. The candidacy celebration, held on June 5, 2005 in central Madrid, included the carrying of the longest flag ever constructed through the streets of Madrid using over a thousand volunteering citizens of Madrid as well as a performance by pop singer Shakira. The celebration concluded with a fireworks show. The official slogan of the candidacy campaign was, "Ready for you."

Madrid was eliminated in the third round of the ballot to select a host city at the 117th IOC sitting on July 6, 2005 in Singapore attended by Queen Sofia of Spain.

International Olympic Committee evaluation report
The candidature scored the second highest mark of 8.3 in the IOC report, ranking first in six categories. Their evaluation was mostly favourable.
 * Madrid has proposed humanist, sustainable, and environmentally friendly Games. Madrid is a modern city intent on using the Olympic project to further develop high-quality sports facilities and world-class infrastructure. The legacy plans are positive and the environmental benefits are significant. Venues have strong environmental features. While low in technology and transport, the budget appears to be reasonable and achievable. The concept and location of the Olympic Village within the East cluster are good. Some revision to the design and layout of the village would be required to ensure conformity with IOC requirements. Spain has a history of international leadership in sport for the disabled, and a Madrid Paralympic Games would give high priority to accessibility for athletes and the general public. Overall, Olympic plans are well integrated into the long-term development of the city. Madrid may need to use hotels in cities approximately one hour away by high-speed rail in order to meet Olympic requirements and spectator needs.

title: Madrid bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/open tasks

Updating Tasks and Dating Requests
Is anybody currently using or updating the task list? It looks like many tasks were added a long time ago. I noticed some people signed & dated their additions. Is there any agreement as to whether dating all requests would be helpful? Cloveapple (talk) 05:57, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I am the primary updater of tasks during the past few years. Please look at my contributions to the history of the page.  Here is more evidence that I am generally the sole contributor for the past few years: http://toolserver.org/~daniel/WikiSense/Contributors.php?wikilang=en&wikifam=.wikipedia.org&grouped=on&page=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias/open_tasks.  It would be much better if there are other people updating the list, rather than myself doing a task that is meant for many editors to do, since having a single person updating the list will actually defeat the purpose of this project.  In fact, this very talk page was not modified for three years straight!  Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 15:42, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, I can see how one person could never do this kind of task. Kudos for sticking with it. I'm working through the list to see what the current condition of all the articles is so I can help update the list. Cloveapple (talk) 15:47, 12 May 2011 (UTC)
 * We might even need more people to do this task, as two is definitely not enough (despite the fact that a single person (me) had been updating the list for the past few years). No wonder why such systematic bias exist.  Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 21:28, 12 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Yup, it would definitely take more than one or two people. And even in good situations I expect there is always some bias and blindness in any group. I'm just hoping to get things to the point where the out-of-date template can be removed from the top of the page. That template message and the notice on the main page that you were the only person updating the list made me hesitate. I almost didn't read further when I saw those and I'm hoping that doing enough work to remove both of them might encourage other people to stop by more.

 * I wonder if checking items on the task list to see if they still need work could be added to the main page's list of suggested ways to help out? I haven't read the archived main page discussions so I don't know if that's ever been discussed. Cloveapple (talk) 03:54, 14 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I took the "needs updating" tag off the task page because updating the whole page at once is a huge task. Instead I changed it so each section lists when the articles in it were last checked to see if the assessments still stand. I had checked some sections back in May and some other sections had already been marked as last checked in July 2009. Undated sections that could use checking over are tagged with the update template. If you check a section over and re-assess the articles in it, please note the date you checked it.

 * I'm committing to stopping back periodically to check some of the sections, but I hope other people do too. I'm not comfortable checking linguistics or economics so I'm leaving those sections alone. Cloveapple (talk) 05:46, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Definitely more people are needed to check the sections. I cannot be the only one (or very few others) who maintains the list, as more are much needed.  Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 03:12, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

Removed from task list (misplaced?)
I removed Pro se legal representation in the United States from the task list. It was oddly listed as non English literature that needed expansion, plus it seemed to be part of a sock puppet edit war by the person that posted it. Cloveapple (talk) 22:13, 28 May 2011 (UTC)
 * It seemed that nobody noticed it for so many years. Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 01:56, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Systemic bias here
With 35 sections on this talk page, more than half the space is taken by only one of them, and that's a discussion on whether to use the term "progressive" or "reform". Could the systemic bias on wikipedia be illustrated more clearly than that? DS Belgium (talk) 13:20, 24 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes, the systematic bias needs to be more clearly illustrated. Unfortunately, I had been the only contributor of this WikiProject for so many years, despite not being a founding member.  Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 15:42, 24 September 2011 (UTC)
 * You have my sympathy. I couldn't do it, nice to see someone still cares. DS Belgium (talk) 17:00, 24 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you DS Belgium. I know that one person cannot maintain the list, but one person maintaining the list is better than having the page collect dust.  This is why more people should notice the Open Tasks page, which unfortunately is neglected and has a self-fulfilled prophecy of systemic bias being completely unchecked.  Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 22:50, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

It seems that once again, I am the only person maintaining the list. There should be more people contributing to the list. Johnny Au (talk/contributions) 03:09, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

Need more people to go through the page
It is very unfortunate that I am the most active person on this WikiProject. It would be better if more people can take part in it. Johnny Au (talk/contributions) 02:19, 1 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I am slightly disappointed that white anglophone scientists are considered to be among the topics where we lack proper coverage. Surely our systemic biases fail nonwhites, non-English-speakers, and those outside the hard-sciences interests of our typical young male geek anglophone editoriat? Whatever next - is somebody going to add a videogame or a rifle to the list of open tasks? bobrayner (talk) 20:16, 26 October 2014 (UTC)
 * How unfortunate. Johnny Au  (talk/contributions) 00:39, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

Invitation to Women in Architecture & Women in Archaeology editathons
(To subscribe, Women in Red/Invite list. Unsubscribe, Women in Red/Opt-out list) --Ipigott (talk) 15:22, 25 September 2016 (UTC)

Please keep tab on an article just in case there are untoward incidents
For context:
 * 1
 * 2
 * 3

As of now the contents at Cyber Anakin had been restored, however since the instigator of the removals and the whole larger incident is back after months of inactivity, it’s requested that you keep tab on the article for the time being. If any untoward incidents occur please either revert the changes or report it to the admins straight away where you can let them know about the news articles as well.

The Wikipedia Oversight team may need to be pinged too as the instigator and their cohorts were spotted putting up gaming/abusing legitimate on-wiki processes to put up doxxing/outing/smearing page(s) making personal attacks against the defenders back in 2022 immediately after they were exposed by news media, just in case.38.99.82.242 (talk) 09:46, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

Furthermore, extra due diligence is necessary since if I remembered correctly, the edit war instigator and their cohort may had the ability to compromise the VPN networks of some users who were defending the preservation of the content and impersonate them in order to revert their changes and further smearing their character through joe-jobbing. A red flag to look for is if an IP (including mine!) had a “sudden change of mind” and go over to the instigator’s side by reverting changes made prior by people who were inhibiting the instigator.38.99.82.242 (talk) 10:20, 15 June 2024 (UTC)


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Philo (disambiguation)

Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE – 40 CE) was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.

Philo may also refer to:

Given name

 * Philo of Byblos (64–141 CE), writer of grammatical, lexical and historical works in Greek
 * Philo of Larissa (159/8BC–84/3 BC), Greek philosopher
 * Philo (poet), 1st century Hellenistic Jewish epic poet
 * Philo of Byzantium (c. 280 BC–c. 220 BC), Greek engineer
 * Philo the Dialectician (fl. 300 BC), ancient Greek philosopher
 * Philo Dibble (1951–2011), American diplomat
 * Philo Dunning (1819–1900), American politician
 * Philo Farnsworth (1906–1971), American inventor
 * Philo C. Fuller (1787–1855), American lawyer and politician
 * Philo Hall (1865–1938), American politician
 * Philo Miner Lonsbury (1835–1922), Michigan politician and soldier
 * Philo McCullough (1893–1981), American actor
 * Philo McGiffin (1860–1897), American naval officer
 * Philo A. Orton (1837–1919), American politician and jurist
 * Philo Wallace (born 1970), Barbadian cricketer

Surname

 * Chris Philo (born 1960), professor of geography at the University of Glasgow
 * Mark Philo (1984–2006), English footballer
 * Phoebe Philo (born 1973), British fashion designer
 * William Philo (1882–1916), British middleweight boxer and Olympic bronze medalist

Other

 * Nickname of Phil Lynott (1949–1986), Irish musician and songwriter
 * Philomaine Nanema (born 1982), aka Philo, Burkinabé comedian and actress

Places in the United States

 * Philo, California, a census-designated place
 * Philo Township, Champaign County, Illinois
 * Philo, Illinois, a village
 * Philo, Ohio, a village
 * Philo Power Plant, a former power plant in Philo, Ohio
 * Philo High School, Duncan Falls, Ohio

Academics

 * Philo (journal), a secular naturalist philosophy journal
 * "Philo", a Columbia University term for a member of the Philolexian Society or to the organization
 * "Philo", a University of Pennsylvania term for a member of the Philomathean Society or to the organization

Fictional characters

 * Philo Beddoe, the Clint Eastwood character in the film Every Which Way but Loose
 * Philomel Hartung of Mana-Khemia: Alchemists of Al-Revis, referred to as Philo
 * Philo Vance, an American detective in 12 novels and numerous films
 * Philo, from the Fraggle Rock television series
 * Philo, a Roman soldier in Shakespeare's play Antony and Cleopatra
 * Philo, from the "Weird Al" Yankovic film UHF
 * Philo, in David Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

Record labels

 * Philo Records (rhythm & blues), founded in 1946
 * Philo Records (folk), founded in 1973, a contemporary folk branch of Rounder Records

Other uses

 * Philo (company), an American internet television company
 * , a French automaker, in business from 1912 to 1923
 * Philo, a luxury wristwatch line marketed under the Benrus brand

title: Philo (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sasha Slutsker

Sasha Slutsker
Delete for vanity... AtonX 21:00, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Please. Sasha Slutsker 21:08, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Interesting. Delete under circumstances of vanity.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 22:57, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Can someone delete this more quickly? It is written about me, and I do not appreciate it being online. Sasha Slutsker 23:03, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * As I understand the precedent, the subject not wanting an article about them alone isn't reason enough for speedy deletion, at least if the subject might possibly be notable. However, Slutsker does appear non-notable enough for a delete in the normal course anyway. I've removed the one inbound link, from List of neoconservatives. Samaritan 01:33, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 02:15, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)


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Travis Tritt

 James Travis Tritt (born February 9, 1963) is an American country singer. He signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1989, releasing seven studio albums and a greatest hits package for the label between then and 1999. In the 2000s, he released three studio albums on Columbia Records and one for the now-defunct Category 5 Records. Seven of his albums (counting the Greatest Hits) are certified platinum or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA); the highest-certified is 1991's It's All About to Change, which is certified triple-platinum. Tritt has also charted more than 40 times on the Hot Country Songs charts, including five number ones—"Help Me Hold On", "Anymore", "Can I Trust You with My Heart", "Foolish Pride", and "Best of Intentions"—and 15 additional top ten singles. Tritt's musical style is defined by mainstream country and Southern rock influences.

He has received two Grammy Awards, both for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals: in 1992 for "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'", a duet with Marty Stuart, and again in 1998 for "Same Old Train", a collaboration with Stuart and nine other artists. He has received four awards from the Country Music Association and has been a member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1992.

Early life
James Travis Tritt was born on February 9, 1963, in Marietta, Georgia, to James and Gwen Tritt. He first took interest in singing after his church's Sunday school choir performed "Everything Is Beautiful". He received his first guitar at age 8 and taught himself how to play it; in the fourth grade, he performed "Annie's Song" and "King of the Road" for his class, and later got invited to play for other classrooms in his school. At age 14, his parents bought him another guitar, and he learned more songs from his uncle, Sam Lockhart. Later on, Tritt joined his church band, which occasionally performed at other churches nearby.

Tritt began writing music while he was attending Sprayberry High School; his first song composition, entitled "Spend a Little Time", was written about a girlfriend whom he had broken up with. He performed the song for his friends, one of whom complimented him on his songwriting skills. He also founded a bluegrass group with some of his friends and won second place in a local tournament for playing "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys".

During his teenage years, Tritt worked at a furniture store, and later as a supermarket clerk. He lived with his mother after she and his father divorced; they remarried when he was 18. He worked at an air conditioning company while playing in clubs, but gave up the air conditioning job at the suggestion of one of his bandmates. Tritt's father thought that he would not find success as a musician, while his mother thought that he should perform Christian music instead of country.

Through the assistance of Warner Bros. Records executive Danny Davenport, Tritt began recording demos. The two worked together for the next several years, eventually putting together a demo album called Proud of the Country. Davenport sent the demo to Warner Bros. representatives in Los Angeles, who in turn sent the demo to their Nashville division, which signed Tritt in 1987. Davenport also helped Tritt find a talent manager, Ken Kragen. At first, Kragen was not interested in taking an "entry-level act", but decided to sign on as Tritt's manager after Kragen's wife convinced him.

1989–1991: Country Club
Tritt's contract with Warner Bros. meant that he was signed to record six songs, and three of them would be released as singles. According to the contract, he would not be signed on for a full album unless one of the three singles became a hit. His first single was "Country Club". Recorded in late 1988 and released on August 7, 1989, the song spent 26 weeks on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts, peaking at number nine. It was the title track to his 1990 debut album Country Club, produced by Gregg Brown. The month of its release, Tritt burst a blood vessel on his vocal cords, and had to take vocal rest for a month. Second single "Help Me Hold On" became his first number one single in 1990. The album's third and fifth singles, "I'm Gonna Be Somebody" and "Drift Off to Dream", respectively peaked at numbers two and three on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts, and number one on the Canadian RPM country charts; "I'm Gonna Be Somebody" also went to number one on the U.S. country singles charts published by Radio & Records. "Put Some Drive in Your Country", which was released fourth, peaked at 28 on Hot Country Songs. Country Club was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in July 1991 for shipments of one million copies, and no medals since in 1996. In 1990, he won the Top New Male Artist award from Billboard. The Country Music Association (CMA) also nominated him for the Horizon Award (now known as the New Artist Award), which is given to new artists who show have shown the most significant artistic and commercial development from a first or second album.

Brian Mansfield of AllMusic gave the album a positive review, saying that "Put Some Drive in Your Country" paid homage to Tritt's influences, but that the other singles were more radio-friendly. Giving the album a B-minus, Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly compared Tritt's music to that of Hank Williams, Jr. and Joe Stampley.

1991–1992: It's All About to Change
In 1991, Tritt received a second Horizon Award nomination, which he won that year. He also released his second album, It's All About to Change. The album went on to become his bestselling, with a triple-platinum certification from the RIAA for shipments of three million copies. All four of its singles reached the top five on the country music charts. "Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)" and the Marty Stuart duet "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'", respectively the first and third singles, both reached number two, with the number-one "Anymore" in between. "Nothing Short of Dying" was the fourth single, with a peak at number four on Billboard; both it and "The Whiskey Ain't Working" went to Number One on Radio & Records. "Bible Belt", another cut from the album (recorded in collaboration with Little Feat), appeared in the 1992 film My Cousin Vinny (the lyrics for the song, however, were changed for the version played in the movie to match the story line). Although not released as a single, it peaked at number 72 country based on unsolicited airplay and was the b-side to "Nothing Short of Dying". "Bible Belt" was inspired by a youth pastor whom Tritt knew in his childhood.

Stuart offered "The Whiskey Ain't Workin' Anymore" to Tritt backstage at the CMA awards show, and they recorded it as a duet through the suggestion of Tritt's record producer, Gregg Brown. The duet won both artists the next year's Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals. Tritt and Stuart charted a second duet, "This One's Gonna Hurt You (For a Long, Long Time)", which went to number seven in mid-1992 and appeared on Stuart's album This One's Gonna Hurt You. This song won the 1992 CMA award for Vocal Event of the Year.

In June 1992, Tritt received media attention when he criticized Billy Ray Cyrus' "Achy Breaky Heart" at a Fan Fair interview, saying that he did not think that Cyrus' song made a "statement". The following January, Cyrus responded at the American Music Awards by referring to Tritt's "Here's a Quarter". Tritt later apologized to Cyrus, but said that he defended his opinion on the song.

1992–1993: T-R-O-U-B-L-E and A Travis Tritt Christmas
Tritt and Stuart began a "No Hats Tour" in 1992. In August of that same year, Tritt released the album T-R-O-U-B-L-E. Its first single was "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man", a song written by Kostas. This song, which featured backing vocals from Brooks & Dunn, T. Graham Brown, George Jones, Little Texas, Dana McVicker (who also sang backup on Tritt's first two albums), Tanya Tucker and Porter Wagoner on the final chorus, peaked at number five. Its follow-up, "Can I Trust You with My Heart", became Tritt's third Billboard number one in early 1993. The album's next three singles did not perform as well on the charts: the title track (a cover of an Elvis Presley song ), peaked at 13, followed by "Looking Out for Number One" at number 11 and "Worth Every Mile" at number 30. T-R-O-U-B-L-E became the second album of his career to achieve double-platinum certification. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic thought that T-R-O-U-B-L-E followed too closely the formula of It's All About to Change, but said that the songs showed Tritt's personality. Nash gave the album a similar criticism, but praised the rock influences of "Looking Out for Number One" and the vocals on "Can I Trust You with My Heart".

One month after the release of T-R-O-U-B-L-E, Tritt issued a Christmas album titled A Travis Tritt Christmas: Loving Time of the Year, for which he wrote the title track. He also joined the Grand Ole Opry, a weekly stage show and radio broadcast specializing in country music performances, and filled in for Garth Brooks at a performance on the American Music Awards. By year's end, Tritt and several other artists appeared on George Jones's "I Don't Need Your Rockin' Chair", which won all artists involved the next year's CMA Vocal Event of the Year award.

1994–1995: Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof and Greatest Hits
In early 1994, after "Worth Every Mile" fell from the charts, Tritt charted at number 21 with a cover of the Eagles' "Take It Easy". He recorded this song for the tribute album Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles (released through Warner Bros.' Giant Records division), which featured country music artists' renditions of Eagles songs. When filming the music video for this song, Tritt requested that the band, which had been on hiatus for over 13 years, appear in it. This reunion inspired the Eagles' Hell Freezes Over Tour, which began that year.

His fourth album, Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof, was released that May. Its lead-off single, "Foolish Pride", went to number one, and the fourth single, "Tell Me I Was Dreaming", reached number two. In between these songs were the title track at number 22 and "Between an Old Memory and Me" (originally recorded by Keith Whitley ) at number 11. The album included two co-writes with Gary Rossington of Lynyrd Skynyrd, and guest vocals from Waylon Jennings and Hank Williams, Jr. on the cut "Outlaws Like Us". The album achieved platinum certification in December of that year, and later became his third double-platinum album. AllMusic reviewer Brian Mansfield said that Tritt was "most comfortable with his Southern rock/outlaw mantle" on it, comparing "Foolish Pride" favorably to "Anymore" and the work of Bob Seger. Alanna Nash praised the title track and "Tell Me I Was Dreaming" in her review for Entertainment Weekly, but thought that the other songs were still too similar in sound to his previous works.

1995's Greatest Hits: From the Beginning included most of his singles to that point, as well as two new cuts: the Steve Earle composition "Sometimes She Forgets" and a cover of the pop standard "Only You (And You Alone)". The former was a top ten hit at number seven, while the latter spent only eight weeks on the country charts and peaked at number 51. Greatest Hits was certified platinum.

1996–1997: The Restless Kind
In April 1996, Tritt and Stuart charted a third duet, "Honky Tonkin's What I Do Best", which appeared on Stuart's album of the same name and peaked at 23 on the country charts. The song won both artists that year's Country Music Association award for Vocal Event, Tritt's third win in this category. The two began a second tour, the Double Trouble Tour, that year.

Tritt charted at number three in mid-1996 with "More Than You'll Ever Know", the first single from his fifth album, The Restless Kind. The album accounted for one more top ten hit, a cover of Waylon Jennings's "Where Corn Don't Grow", which Tritt took to number six in late 1996. This song's chart run overlapped with that of "Here's Your Sign (Get the Picture)", a novelty release combining snippets of comedian Bill Engvall's "Here are Your Sign" routines with a chorus sung by Tritt. "Here's Your Sign (Get the Picture)" peaked at 29 on the country charts and 43 on the  Billboard Hot 100, accounting for Tritt's first entry on the latter chart. The other singles from The Restless Kind all failed to make Top Ten upon their 1997 release. "She's Going Home with Me" and "Still in Love with You" (previously the respective B-sides to "Where Corn Don't Grow" and "More Than You'll Ever Know") were the third and fifth releases, peaking at 24 and 23 on Hot Country Singles & Tracks. In between was the number 18 "Helping Me Get Over You", a duet with Lari White which the two co-wrote.

Unlike his previous albums, all of which were produced by Gregg Brown, Tritt produced The Restless Kind with Don Was. Tritt told Billboard that the album showed a greater level of personal involvement than his previous efforts, as it was his first co-production credit. He also noted that he sang most of the vocal harmony by himself, played guitar on "She's Going Home with Me", and helped with the album's art direction. It received positive reviews from Thom Owens of AllMusic, who said that it was the most country-sounding album of his career. Don Yates of Country Standard Time also praised it for having a more "organic" sound than Tritt's other albums.

1998–1999: No More Looking over My Shoulder
In 1998, he and several other artists contributed to Stuart's "Same Old Train", a cut from the collaborative album Tribute to Tradition; this song charted at number 59 on Hot Country Songs and won Tritt his second Grammy for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals. He also performed on Frank Wildhorn's concept album of the musical The Civil War, singing the song "The Day the Sun Stood Still". By year's end, Tritt also released his final Warner Bros. album, No More Looking over My Shoulder. It was his first of four consecutive albums which he produced with Billy Joe Walker, Jr., who is a session guitarist, producer, and New Age musician. The album was led off by the ballad "If I Lost You", which peaked at number 29 on the country charts and number 86 on the Hot 100. Michael Peterson (who recorded for Warner Bros.' Reprise label at the time) co-wrote and sang backing vocals on the title track, which went to number 38 country in early 1999. The album's third and final single was a cover of Jude Cole's "Start the Car" (previously the B-side to "If I Lost You"), which peaked at number 52.

Late in 1999, Tritt recorded a cover of Hank Williams's "Move It On Over" with George Thorogood for the soundtrack to the cartoon King of the Hill. This cut peaked at number 66 on the country charts from unsolicited airplay.

2000–2002: Down the Road I Go
Soon after leaving Warner Bros. Records, Tritt signed to Columbia Records and released the album Down the Road I Go in 2000. The album's first release was "Best of Intentions", his fifth and final number one hit on Billboard. It was also his most successful entry on the Hot 100, where it reached number 27. The next two singles, "It's a Great Day to Be Alive" and "Love of a Woman", both peaked at number two on the country charts in 2001, followed by "Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde" at number eight. All three songs also crossed over to the Hot 100, respectively reaching peaks of 33, 39 and 55. Tritt wrote or co-wrote seven of the album's songs, including "Best of Intentions", and collaborated with Charlie Daniels on two of them. "It's a Great Day to Be Alive" was originally recorded by Jon Randall, whose version was to have been included on an unreleased album for BNA Records in the late 1990s.

Maria Konicki Dinoia gave the album a positive review on AllMusic, saying that Tritt "hasn't lost his touch". Country Standard Time also gave a positive review, saying that it showed Tritt's balance of country and rock influences. An uncredited review in Billboard magazine called "Best of Intentions" a "gorgeous ballad", comparing it favorably to his early Warner Bros. releases.

2002–2005: Strong Enough and My Honky Tonk History
In September 2002, Tritt released his second album on Columbia Records, Strong Enough. Its first single was "Strong Enough to Be Your Man" (an answer song to Sheryl Crow's 1994 single "Strong Enough" ) which reached number 13. The only other release was "Country Ain't Country", which peaked at 26 on the country charts. William Ruhlmann gave the album a generally positive review on AllMusic, saying that he considered its sound closer to mainstream country than Tritt's previous albums.

Also in 2002, Tritt performed on an episode of Crossroads, a program on Country Music Television which pairs country acts with musicians from other genres for collaborative performances. He performed with Ray Charles. Tritt contributed guest vocals to Charlie Daniels' 2003 single "Southern Boy", and recorded a cover of Waylon Jennings' "Lonesome, On'ry and Mean" to the RCA Records tribute album I've Always Been Crazy. Respectively, these songs reached 51 and 50 on the country charts.

Tritt's tenth studio album, My Honky Tonk History, was released in 2004. This album included three charting singles: "The Girl's Gone Wild" at 28, followed by the John Mellencamp duet "What Say You" at number 21 and "I See Me" at number 32. Other songs on the album included a cover of Philip Claypool's "Circus Leaving Town" and songs written by Gretchen Wilson, Benmont Tench and Delbert McClinton. Thom Jurek rated this album favorably, saying that it was a "solid, sure-voiced outing"; he also thought that "What Say You" was the best song on it.

2007–present: The Storm, The Calm After... and Set in Stone
Tritt exited Columbia in July 2005, citing creative differences over My Honky Tonk History. He signed to the independent Category 5 Records in February 2006, and served as the label's flagship artist. In March 2007, a concert promoter in the Pittsburgh area sued Tritt, claiming he had committed to play a show, but then backed out and signed to play a competing venue. Tritt's manager denied he had ever signed a contract with the promoter. Tritt released his first single for Category 5 in May 2007: a cover of the Richard Marx song "You Never Take Me Dancing". It was included on his only album for Category 5, The Storm, which American Idol judge Randy Jackson produced. The album featured a more rhythm and blues influence than Tritt's previous works. "You Never Take Me Dancing" peaked at number 27 on the country charts; a second single, "Something Stronger Than Me", was released in October, but it did not chart. Category 5 closed in November 2007 after allegations that the label's chief executive officer, Raymond Termini, had illegally used Medicaid funds to finance it. A month later, Tritt filed a $10 million lawsuit against Category 5, because the label had failed to pay royalties on the album, and failed to give him creative control on The Storm.

In October 2008, Tritt began an 11-date tour with Marty Stuart. On this tour, they performed acoustic renditions of their duets; Tritt also performed five solo shows. Tritt signed a management deal with Parallel Entertainment in December 2010. He continued to tour through to 2012 and into 2013, with most of his shows being solo acoustic performances. Tritt acquired the rights to the songs on The Storm and re-issued it via his own Post Oak label in July 2013 under the title The Calm After... The re-release included two covers: the Patty Smyth and Don Henley duet "Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough", which he recorded as a duet with his daughter Tyler Reese, and Faces' 1971 hit "Stay with Me".

In 2019, Tritt was featured on the country rock hit "Outlaws & Outsiders" by Cory Marks. In 2021 "Set in Stone" released in 2021. around that time recorded in 2019 and 2020 they album pushed back in early 2021.

Acting career
Tritt's first acting role was alongside fellow country singer Kenny Rogers in the 1993 made-for-television movie Rio Diablo. In 1994, Tritt made a special appearance as a bull rider in the movie The Cowboy Way, which starred Woody Harrelson, Kiefer Sutherland and Dylan McDermott. In 1995, he appeared in season 6 of the horror anthology series Tales from the Crypt in the episode called Doctor of Horror. He also starred in various guest roles on Yes, Dear as a rehabilitating criminal, on Diagnosis Murder as a terminally ill criminal taunting Steve Sloan (Barry Van Dyke), and on Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman as a gun slinger The following year, Tritt appeared as himself in Sgt. Bilko, which starred Steve Martin, Dan Aykroyd and Phil Hartman; Tritt's cover of "Only You (And You Alone)" appeared in the film's soundtrack. He also appeared as himself in the 1997 film Fire Down Below, starring Steven Seagal and Kris Kristofferson. In 1999 Tritt appeared in Outlaw Justice with Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, and Kris Kristofferson. Tritt appeared in the film Blues Brothers 2000 as one of the Louisiana Gator Boys, performing alongside B. B. King, Eric Clapton, and Bo Diddley. In 2001 he guest starred in Elmo's World The Wild Wild West. In September 2010, filming began on a movie called Fishers of Men, a Christian film.

Musical styles
Although he had been singing since childhood, Tritt said that he began to put "a little more soul" in his voice after his church band performed at an African-American church. He said that he took interest in how African-American singers put "all these bends and sweeps and curls" in their voices, and began emulating that sound. While performing at these churches, he also took interest in gospel singers such as Andraé Crouch. Later on, he began listening to Southern rock acts such as Lynyrd Skynyrd through the recommendation of a friend, as well as the bluegrass music that his uncle exposed him to. Tritt said that he found his songwriting began to develop during the creation of his demo tape, when he had written a song called "Gambler's Blues" that "felt a lot more connected to Southern rock" than his previous writings. He cites country, rock and folk as his influences. Stephen Thomas Erlewine contrasts him with contemporaries Clint Black and Alan Jackson, saying that Tritt was "the only one not to wear a [cowboy] hat and the only one to dip into bluesy Southern rock. Consequently, he developed a gutsy, outlaw image that distinguished him from the pack." Zell Miller, in the book They Heard Georgia Singing, said that Tritt has an "unerring ability to walk the narrow path between his country heritage and his rock leanings to the acclaim of the devotees of both."

Regarding his songwriting style and single choices, Tritt said that he writes "strictly from personal experiences" and does not follow a particular formula. He described "Here's a Quarter" as "one of the simplest three-chord waltzes I've ever written", and said that label executives were reluctant to release it because they thought that it was a novelty song. Also, he was told that "I'm Gonna Be Somebody" would not be a hit because it did not contain any rhymes, and fought the release of the song "Country Club" because he did not think that it fit his style. He also said that, despite their low peaks, the more rock-influenced "Put Some Drive in Your Country" and "T-R-O-U-B-L-E" helped generate sales for their respective albums more so than the top ten hits from those albums.

Personal life
Tritt married his high school sweetheart, Karen Ryon, in September 1982. They were married two years before divorcing. After going to court, Tritt was ordered to pay alimony to Karen for six months. When he was 21, he married Jodi Barnett, who was 33 at the time. He divorced her shortly after signing with Warner Bros. in 1989; the divorce finalized one month before "Country Club" was released. Tritt wrote the song "Here's a Quarter" the night he received his divorce papers.

He married Theresa Nelson on April 12, 1997. They have one daughter, and two sons.

On May 18, 2019, he was in his tour bus when it was involved in a motor vehicle accident which took the lives of two people driving the wrong way on Veteran's Highway leaving Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

Political views and advocacy
Tritt is a member of the Republican Party and supported George W. Bush for president in 2000. The two met in 1996 at the Republican National Convention in San Diego, California, where Tritt sang the national anthem. Tritt told Insight on the News that he is a strong supporter of Second Amendment rights and believes the answer to crime is not gun control but criminal control. "I'm a pro-gun guy. I'm an NRA (National Rifle Association of America) member, a life member as a matter of fact. I'm more for the belief of making the punishment tougher for the criminals to start with. I think that sends much more of an incentive for people to not commit crimes of any type than taking away guns. Because you take away guns, and the next thing you know, stabbing murders are going to increase." He adds that he is "definitely pro-death penalty".

In September 2020, Tritt gained notoriety for joining fellow Republican James Woods in blocking random Twitter users for using pro-Black Lives Matter and other anti-Trump tags in their posts, under the belief that it would counteract anti-Republican sentiment on Twitter.

In April 2023, as a protest against Bud Light for supporting transgender influencer Dylan Mulvaney, Tritt Tweeted "I will be deleting all Anheuser-Busch products from my tour hospitality rider."

Alleged paranormal encounters
In October 2015, Tritt appeared on Lifetime network's The Haunting of... program to discuss his experiences with the paranormal. Tritt stated that beginning in 1993, he was awakened "regularly" by disembodied voices in a vacation cabin that he owned – the voices spoke in an unknown dialect. His wife, Theresa, eventually heard them as well. According to Tritt, "Over the years, these voices started happening on such a frequent basis that we were afraid to come up here." He also asserted that footprints once appeared in the carpet of the cabin, and imprints in the bedspread, that belonged to neither him nor his wife.

The show's host, Kim Russo, concluded that an African-American medicine man had been stabbed and beaten to death on the property, and the voices that Tritt was hearing belonged to the murderers' angry spirits. A title card in the program notes that "On August 14, 1875, a group of men killed a 'hoodoo doctor' close to the land where Travis' cabin was built." Russo believed that the hoodoo doctor's spirit also lingered on the property because it found a "kindred spirit" in Tritt.

Discography
Studio albums
 * Proud of the Country (1987)
 * Country Club (1990)
 * It's All About to Change (1991)
 * T-R-O-U-B-L-E (1992)
 * Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof (1994)
 * The Restless Kind (1996)
 * No More Looking over My Shoulder (1998)
 * Down the Road I Go (2000)
 * Strong Enough (2002)
 * My Honky Tonk History (2004)
 * The Storm (2007)
 *  The Calm After... (2013)
 * Set in Stone (2021)

Billboard number-one singles
 * "Help Me Hold On" (1990)
 * "Anymore" (1991)
 * "Can I Trust You with My Heart" (1992 – 1993)
 * "Foolish Pride" (1994)
 * "Best of Intentions" (2000)

Grammy Awards

 * rowspan=2| 1992
 * rowspan=2| "Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance
 * Nominated
 * Best Country Song
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1993
 * "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"
 * Best Male Country Vocal Performance
 * Nominated
 * "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"
 * rowspan=5| Best Country Collaboration with Vocals
 * Won
 * 1995
 * "The Devil Comes Back to Georgia"
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1997
 * "Honky Tonkin's What I Do Best"
 * Nominated
 * Hope: Country Music's Quest for a Cure
 * Nominated
 * 1999
 * "Same Old Train"
 * Won
 * }
 * Hope: Country Music's Quest for a Cure
 * Nominated
 * 1999
 * "Same Old Train"
 * Won
 * }
 * Won
 * }

American Music Awards

 * 1991
 * Travis Tritt
 * Favorite Country New Artist
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1992
 * It's All About to Change
 * Favorite Country Album
 * Nominated
 * "Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"
 * Favorite Country Single
 * Nominated
 * 2002
 * Travis Tritt
 * Favorite Country Male Artist
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Travis Tritt
 * Favorite Country Male Artist
 * Nominated
 * }

TNN/Music City News Country Awards

 * 1991
 * rowspan=2| Travis Tritt
 * rowspan=2| Star of Tomorrow
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=4| 1992
 * Won
 * Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart
 * Vocal Collaboration of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"
 * Single of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "Anymore"
 * Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1993
 * Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart
 * rowspan=2| Vocal Collaboration of the Year
 * Won
 * George Jones and Friends
 * Nominated
 * 1994
 * Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles
 * Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1996
 * "Tell Me I Was Dreaming"
 * Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1997
 * Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart
 * rowspan=2| Vocal Collaboration of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1998
 * Travis Tritt and Lari White
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Nominated
 * 1997
 * Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart
 * rowspan=2| Vocal Collaboration of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1998
 * Travis Tritt and Lari White
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Nominated
 * }

Academy of Country Music Awards

 * 1991
 * Travis Tritt
 * Top New Male Vocalist
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=5| 1992
 * rowspan=2| "Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"
 * Single Record of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Song of the Year
 * Nominated
 * It's All About to Change
 * Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "Anymore"
 * Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart
 * rowspan=2| Top Vocal Duo of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=3| 1993
 * Nominated
 * "Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"
 * Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| Travis Tritt
 * rowspan=2| Entertainer of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=3| 1994
 * Nominated
 * "Can I Trust You with My Heart"
 * Song of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles
 * Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1996
 * "Tell Me I Was Dreaming"
 * rowspan=2| Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1997
 * "More Than You'll Ever Know"
 * Nominated
 * Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart
 * Top Vocal Duo of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1999
 * "Same Old Train"
 * Top Vocal Event of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=4| 2002
 * Travis Tritt
 * Top Male Vocalist of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "It's a Great Day to Be Alive"
 * Single Record of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Down the Road I Go
 * Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "Out of Control Raging Fire"
 * Vocal Event of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Top Vocal Event of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=4| 2002
 * Travis Tritt
 * Top Male Vocalist of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "It's a Great Day to Be Alive"
 * Single Record of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Down the Road I Go
 * Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "Out of Control Raging Fire"
 * Vocal Event of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }
 * "Out of Control Raging Fire"
 * Vocal Event of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }

Country Music Association Awards

 * 1990
 * rowspan=2| Travis Tritt
 * rowspan=2| Horizon Award
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2| 1991
 * Won
 * rowspan=2| "Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"
 * Single of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=5| 1992
 * Song of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "Anymore"
 * Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "This One's Gonna Hurt You (For a Long, Long Time)"
 * Vocal Event of the Year
 * Won
 * rowspan=2| Travis Tritt
 * Male Vocalist of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Entertainer of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1993
 * "I Don't Need Your Rockin' Chair"
 * rowspan=2| Vocal Event of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=3| 1994
 * "The Devil Comes Back to Georgia"
 * Nominated
 * Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles
 * rowspan=2| Album of the Year
 * Won
 * Rhythm, Country and Blues
 * Nominated
 * 1996
 * "Honky Tonkin's What I Do Best"
 * rowspan=2| Vocal Event of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1999
 * "Same Old Train"
 * Nominated
 * 2002
 * "Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde"
 * Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }
 * 1996
 * "Honky Tonkin's What I Do Best"
 * rowspan=2| Vocal Event of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 1999
 * "Same Old Train"
 * Nominated
 * 2002
 * "Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde"
 * Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }
 * Video of the Year
 * Nominated
 * }

Nominated alongside Marty Stuart Nominated alongside Marty Stuart, Mark O'Connor, Charlie Daniels and Johnny Cash Nominated alongside Clint Black, Joe Diffie, Merle Haggard, Emmylou Harris, Alison Krauss, Patty Loveless, Earl Scruggs, Ricky Skaggs, Marty Stuart, Pam Tillis, Randy Travis and Dwight Yoakam George Jones' "Friends" also includes: Vince Gill, Mark Chesnutt, Garth Brooks, Joe Diffie, Alan Jackson, Pam Tillis, T. Graham Brown, Patty Loveless and Clint Black Nominated alongside Patty Loveless Nominated alongside George Jones and Friends

title: Travis Tritt


text:
Isaiah Benjamin Scott

Isaiah Benjamin Scott or I. B. Scott (September 30, 1854 - July 4, 1931) was an American theologian, educator, and journalist.

Biography
Isaiah Benjamin Scott was born in Woodford County, Kentucky on September 30, 1854. He attended private schools in Frankfort, public schools in Austin, Texas, and Clark Atlanta University, before graduating from Central Tennessee College in 1880.

He married Mattie J. Evans in Franklin, Tennessee on May 24, 1881, and they had six children.

Scott was an ordained Methodist Episcopal reverend and elder; and was active in the leadership of the denomination. He attended five general conferences, three Ecumenical Methodist conferences and served on the church's National Book and Missionary committees. Scott was appointed by the Methodist Episcopal Church to be the first African-American President of Wiley College in Marshall, Texas and to serve as a Missionary Bishop in Liberia. Scott served as one of the African-American commissioners from Texas to the Chicago World's Fair in 1893 and the Atlanta Exposition in 1895. In 1909 Scott was honored with knighthood in the Humane Order of African Redemption.

Isaiah Benjamin Scott died at his home in Nashville, Tennessee on July 4, 1931, He was buried at Greenwood Cemetery.

title: Isaiah Benjamin Scott


text:
Talk:Murray Perahia

Untitled
I'm unsure about the style of this article. Are there any guidelines on writing about performing artists in an encyclopedic vernacular? Jongo 21:02, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

How do you pronounce his family name? Lsmithgo 17:17, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Why can`t there be an info-box?Chard513 (talk) 21:50, 5 October 2009 (UTC)

Jewish-American pianist
Does him being Jewish have anything to do with his achievements? Gordon Freeman 16:34, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Yeah, jews are the best pianist 67.180.178.60 (talk) 03:25, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

No, nor does the fact that he is American, that he was born in 1947, that his first name is Murray and that his last name is Perahia.

 * Vladimir Horowitz said "There are three kinds of pianists: Jewish pianists, homosexual pianists, and bad pianists". Perahia's not bad, and he's not, afaik, homosexual, so that leaves his Jewishness as the only reason he's a good pianist.  :) :)  --  JackofOz (talk) 07:47, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

 * it doesn't seem to be relevant to me. Like stating that this or that pianist is a Muslim or Christian pianist, or any other specific attributes. But i reckon Perahia is involved in Israeli musical activities, it should be mentioned some where that he's Jewish, but certainly not in this way. Maysara (talk) 18:32, 27 September 2010 (UTC)

Actually -- speaking as a lowly reader who can't edit -- I came to this article looking for information about Perahia's ethnic background. So the information that his family were Sephardic Jews who originally came from Greece was exactly the answer I wanted! (Yes, I know "Jewish" is not, strictly speaking, an ethnic group, but people think of it as such.)71.105.210.9 (talk) 12:48, 21 April 2018 (UTC)

Discography
I propose the creation of a separate discography page for Perahia, similar to what has been created for Vladimir Horowitz. Once that is complete, a link would be added to this page, and the listing of recordings on this page would be removed. Please share your thoughts on this.THD3 (talk) 13:43, 15 February 2011 (UTC)

How comprehensive should the discography be? The reason I ask is that Perahia's recording of the two Mendelssohn piano concertos with Neville Marriner -- the first major Perahia recording I remember -- isn't included. If a comprehensive discography is wanted, this needs to be added.71.105.210.9 (talk) 12:50, 21 April 2018 (UTC)

Early Piano History
This article notes that Perahia began his study of the piano at age four; the liner notes of his first vinyl recording (Schumann, Davidsbundlertanze and Fantasiestuck) says he began at age 6. The liner notes also indicate that from age 17 to 25 he broke off studies with his teacher, Jeanette Haein, to study on his own. Furthermore, he did not take part in concerts or competitions during these years. tigerdg (talk) 04:39, 12 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Murray Perahia


text:
Talk:Milda Draule

VfD

 * Delete as non-notable (the only notability is rumors, dubious and with little or no ground) after merging small what is notable to Leonid Nikolaev. Mikkalai 21:03, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable through involvement in the events surrounding the assassination of Sergei Kirov. If she was similarly involved in some political assassination today, there'd be no question that we'd keep it, so we shouldn't be biased against past events. Everyking 22:59, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * She wasn't involved herself. It was all rumors after the event. We cannot have articles for all people associated with actions of famous people, especially those who didn't take any active part. Mentioning in the main article should be sufficient. Mikkalai 01:50, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, it's a rumour. Ok, Keep/Merge Wyss 03:55, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as sufficiently notable. It's apparently an ultimately sourced rumour, as it references a book. It's nice to see a political rumour that isn't from a contemporary English-speaking Western country, and Kirov's assassination was a watershed event in Soviet history. Samaritan 05:21, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Notable, agree with Everyking. [[User:Rhymeless|Rhymeless | (Methyl Remiss)]] 07:26, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for the reasons listed above. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 08:41, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Somebody famous' wife, who may or may not have had an affair with somebody else famous, who "Draule was swept up in the mass arrests", but apparently is not notable on her own. Being linked to someone notable does not automatically confer notability. Niteowlneils 17:18, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Except for one link from Leonid Nikolaev, this is an orphaned article. The subject's fame is derivative of Leonid Nikolaev.  Merge and redirect there (which would be consistent with our treatment of current events as well).  It can be broken out to a separate article if necessary but right now there's plenty of room in the main article.  Rossami (talk) 21:31, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. In its present form it acts as a fat redirect, which is appropriate. Wile E. Heresiarch 16:41, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Milda Draule


text:
Talk:Transposition cipher

Untitled
Bold text

This isn't Railfence
The system described under the section "Railfence" is not the Railfence system as I've usually seen it described.

The system described here is a columnar transposition, written down and read left-right. The Railfence system as I've always seen it used was based on a rising-and-falling pattern:

ABCDEF

AEBDFC --jdege 19:00, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's what I've understood it to be too. I've removed the section for now until we can clear it up. — Matt Crypto 19:09, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

I've done some websearching, and I've found that there are a number of sites that use "Railfence" as was used on this page:

 * http://www.cs.trincoll.edu/~crypto/historical/railfence.html
 * http://www.braingle.com/brainteasers/codes/railfence.php

OTOH, there are sites that refer to "Railfence" as I've always thought it was used:

 * http://members.aon.at/cipherclerk/Doc/Railfence.html
 * http://www.woodmann.com/fravia/railfe.htm

The NSA's CryptoKids site describes Railfence only for height=2, in which case the two systems yield identical results:

 * http://www.nsa.gov/kids/ciphers/ciphe00012.cfm

As for who is right? Seems to me that write-by-coumn/read-by-row method that was described here is equivalent to the write-by-row/read-by-column that we see described in the section on Columnar Transposition. The older references seem to use Railfence as I had thought it meant. I'm working through Caxton Foster's "Cryptanalysis for Microcomputers", from 1982, and I'm absolutely certain that it uses Railfence to refer to an up-and-down transposition. And I'm pretty sure that Helen Gaine's "Cryptography", from 1939, uses the same.

The canonical answer on the Web, though, is probably the American Cryptogram Association, and they're solidly on the up-and-down side:

 * http://www.cryptogram.org/cdb/aca.info/aca.and.you/chapter_09.pdf#RAILFE

--jdege 19:26, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

I've just noticed that the current page contains a reference to the Rail Fence section, which has been removed. --jdege 23:52, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

I've edited Rail_Fence_Cipher to correct this misconception. If folks could look at it, check it for spelling, grammar, form, and fix what needs to be fixed, I'd appreciate it.

Perhaps, when it's right, we could consider using it to restore the Railfence section, here.

--jdege 02:30, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

=Opening Sentence=

"... a transposition cipher changes one character from the plaintext to another (to decrypt the reverse is done)."

If you read on, the writer's intention becomes clearer but the opening line is a bit of a muddle. Could I suggest: a transposition cipher changes the order of characters in a message. Example: THIS IS A TRANSPOSITION can become HTSI SI TA ARSNOPISITOIXN.

--Steve 00:18, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

 * "... a transposition cipher swaps the positions of characters in the plaintext in predetermined way, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext."
 * --jdege 15:39, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I like this much more than the current sentence, however characters are not always the units that change position in a transposition cipher. (It's probably a better idea to follow the lead of the Substitution cipher article and call them "units of plaintext." Also, is "swap" the right word to describe the transposition of a transposition cipher? Someone who read that might infer that specific pairs of units are switched, when they can really be disarranged by any regular system.
 * I think that this will work well:
 * "... a transposition cipher is a method of encryption by which the positions of plaintext units are shifted according to a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext.
 * hac (talk) 02:04, 25 December 2008 (UTC)

Question

Who copied from who? The info on columnar transposition looks identical to that from this site. http://www.braingle.com/brainteasers/codes/columnartrans.php

-- anon 15:26, 12 January 2008
 * If you look carefully, that website credits Wikipedia. — Matt Crypto 09:28, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

=Looping the scrambling process= "Looping the scrambling process on the binary string multiple times before changing it into ASCII characters would likely make it harder to break."

A transposition of a transposition is just a transposition. If the transposition produces a binary string that can be interpreted as ASCII then necessarily the input alphabet hasn't been expanded by repeating the process. The only attack I can see as being made more difficult is the case where the attacker knows the specific scrambling technique and knows a weakness in that technique (perhaps using known plaintext) but doesn't know the number of times the scrambling has been applied. 173.243.41.226 (talk) 23:17, 23 February 2014 (UTC)

Grille Ciphers
The claim that grille ciphers were used only at the start of the Great War is questionable. David Kahn in The Code-Breakers, 1996 edition, page 308:

"At the end of 1916, transposition messages again appeared in German military communications."

French cryptographers recognised turning grille ciphers, in January 1917, and devised attacks.

"The grilles lasted four months." (page 309)

--Steve (talk) 02:34, 20 January 2016 (UTC)

Cages
cages in this context? thanks scope_creep (talk) 22:40, 16 October 2017 (UTC)

Kryptos K3 algorithm
Kryptos K3 was enciphered by arranging letters in a grid, rotating the grid 90 degrees, arranging them in a second grid, then rotating that. That doesn't seem to fit into any of the listed ciphers, I was wondering if anyone knew of a name for that algorithm?

Driver
Now felling happy 👌💪❤ 203.144.88.36 (talk) 22:42, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

Driver
thank you my life 203.144.88.36 (talk) 22:44, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transposition cipher