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Marc Johnson (musician)

Marc Alan Johnson (born October 21, 1953, in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American jazz bass player, composer and band leader. Johnson was born in Nebraska and grew up in Texas. He is married to the Brazilian jazz pianist and singer Eliane Elias.

Career
At the age of 19, Johnson was working professionally with the Fort Worth Symphony, and while at the University of North Texas, he played in the One O'Clock Lab Band and was also the principal bassist in the NTSU Symphony.

In 1978, Johnson joined pianist Bill Evans in what would be Evans's last trio. Johnson toured and recorded with Evans until the death of the pianist in 1980. In 2007 he released the tribute album Something For You—a tribute to Evans—together with his wife, pianist Eliane Elias.

His credits since then include albums with Joe Lovano, Michael Brecker, Stan Getz, Bob Brookmeyer, Gary Burton, John Abercrombie, Bill Frisell, Pat Metheny, Lyle Mays, Eliane Elias, Enrico Pieranunzi, Joey Baron, Philly Joe Jones, Jack DeJohnette, Peter Erskine, Paul Motian, Steps Ahead and many others. He has also appeared as a leader of his own bands, starting with Bass Desires, a quartet that featured Bill Frisell and John Scofield on electric guitar, with Peter Erskine on drums, which gained international recognition following two ECM recordings in the mid-1980s. He also recorded two albums of his group Right Brain Patrol for JMT Records, followed by his Sound of Summer Running release on Verve. His ECM release Shades of Jade was featured in Time's October 17, 2005, issue "5 CDs That Really Swing", as one of the five top jazz releases of the season. It was selected by the Chicago Tribune as one of the 10 best jazz recordings of 2005 and also received the Danish Music Award for Best Foreign Release in 2005. It features his wife Eliane Elias on piano, Joe Lovano on tenor saxophone, John Scofield on guitar and Joey Baron on drums.

As a follow-up to Shades of Jade, in 2012, the ECM recording Swept Away was released. This album is a collaboration with pianist/composer Eliane Elias. It includes Joe Lovano on tenor saxophone and Joey Baron on drums. The music consists of all original compositions. As a producer, Johnson won two Grammy Awards for co-producing Eliane Elias' albums Made in Brazil (2016) and Dance of Time (2017) on Concord Records.

As leader

 * Bass Desires (ECM, 1986)
 * Second Sight (ECM, 1987)
 * Two by Four (EmArcy, 1989)
 * Right Brain Patrol (JMT, 1992)
 * Magic Labyrinth (JMT, 1995)
 * The Sound of Summer Running (Verve, 1997)
 * If Trees Could Fly (Intuition, 1998)
 * Shades of Jade (ECM, 2005)
 * Swept Away with Eliane Elias (ECM, 2012)
 * Overpass (ECM, 2021)

With John Abercrombie & Peter Erskine
 * Current Events (ECM, 1986)
 * John Abercrombie / Marc Johnson / Peter Erskine (ECM, 1989)
 * November (ECM, 1993)

With Enrico Pieranunzi
 * Deep Down (Soul Note, 1987)
 * The Dream Before Us (IDA, 1992)
 * Untold Story (IDA, 1994)
 * Racconti Mediterranei (Egea, 2000)
 * Play Morricone (CAM Jazz, 2001)
 * Trasnoche (Egea, 2003)
 * Current Conditions (CAM Jazz, 2003)
 * Play Morricone 2 (CAM Jazz, 2004)
 * Ballads (CAM Jazz, 2006)
 * Live in Japan (CAM Jazz, 2007)
 * As Never Before (CAM Jazz, 2008)
 * Yellow & Blue Suites (Challenge, 2008)
 * Dream Dance (CAM Jazz, 2009)

As sideman
With John Abercrombie
 * Getting There (ECM, 1988)
 * Cat 'n' Mouse (ECM, 2002)
 * Class Trip (ECM, 2004)
 * The Third Quartet (ECM, 2007)

With Patricia Barber
 * A Distortion of Love (Antilles, 1992)
 * Nightclub (Premonition, 2000)

With Michel Camilo
 * Michel Camilo (Portrait 1988)
 * On Fire (Epic, 1989)

With Eddie Daniels
 * Breakthrough (GRP, 1986)
 * Benny Rides Again (GRP, 1992)

With Eliane Elias
 * A Long Story (Manhattan, 1991)
 * Fantasia ( (Blue Note, 1992)
 * Paulistana (Blue Note, 1993)
 * The Three Americas (Blue Note, 1997)
 * Eliane Elias Sings Jobim (Blue Note, 1998)
 * Everything I Love (Blue Note, 1999)
 * Kissed by Nature (Bluebird, 2002)
 * Dreamer (Bluebird, 2004)
 * Portrait of Bill Evans (JVC, 2004)
 * Around the City (RCA Victor, 2006)
 * Something for You: Eliane Elias Sings & Plays Bill Evans (Somethin' Else, 2007)
 * Bossa Nova Stories (Blue Note, 2009)
 * Eliane Elias Plays Live (Blue Note, 2010)
 * Light My Fire (Concord Picante, 2011)
 * I Thought About You (Concord Jazz, 2013)
 * Made in Brazil (Concord Jazz, 2015)
 * Music from Man of La Mancha (Concord Jazz, 2018)
 * Love Stories (Concord, 2019)
 * Quietude (Candid, 2022)

With Peter Erskine
 * Motion Poet (Denon, 1988)
 * Sweet Soul (Novus/RCA, 1991)
 * Behind Closed Doors Vol. 1 (Fuzzy Music, 1998)

With Bill Evans
 * Affinity (Warner Bros., 1979)
 * We Will Meet Again (Warner Bros., 1980)
 * The Paris Concert: Edition One (Elektra Musician, 1983)
 * The Paris Concert: Edition Two (Elektra Musician, 1984)
 * His Last Concert in Germany (West Wind, 1989)
 * Consecration I (Timeless, 1990)
 * Consecration II (Timeless, 1990)
 * Summertime (Jazz City 1989)
 * Live in Buenos Aires 1979 (Yellow Note, 1990)
 * Someday My Prince Will Come (Alfa, 1991)
 * In Buenos Aires Vol. 3 (Jazz Lab, 1991)
 * Turn Out the Stars: The Final Village Vanguard Recordings (Dreyfus, 1992)
 * Letter to Evan (Dreyfus, 1992)
 * Homecoming (Milestone, 1999)
 * The Last Waltz: The Final Recordings (Milestone, 2000)
 * Complete Live at Ronnie Scott's 1980 (Gambit, 2006)
 * Live in Montreal 1980 (2019)

With Stan Getz
 * Pure Getz (Concord, 1982)
 * Blue Skies(Concord Jazz, 1995)
 * Stan Getz Quartet Live in Paris (Dreyfus, 1996)

With Jimmy Gourley
 * No More (Musica, 1981)
 * The Jazz Trio (Bingow, 1983)
 * The Left Bank of New York (Uptown, 1986)

With Woody Herman
 * Jazz Jamboree 77 Vol. 2 (Polskie Nagrania Muza, 1977)
 * Chick, Donald, Walter & Woodrow (Century, 1978)
 * Road Father (Century, 1978)

With Andy LaVerne
 * Plays the Music of Chick Corea (Jazzline, 1988)
 * Frozen Music (SteepleChase, 1989)
 * True Colors (Jazz City, 1988)

With John Lewis
 * The John Lewis Album for Nancy Harrow (Finesse, 1981)
 * Kansas City Breaks (Finesse, 1982)
 * Slavic Smile (Baystate, 1983)
 * J.S. Bach Preludes and Fugues from the Well Tempered Clavier Book 1 (Philips, 1985)
 * The Bridge Game Vol. 2 Based On the Well Tempered Clavier Book 1 (Philips, 1986)
 * The Garden of Delight Delaunay's Dilemma (EmArcy, 1988)
 * Vol. 3 Preludes and Fugues Based On the Well Tempered Clavier Book 1 (Philips, 1989)

With Pat Martino
 * Interchange (Muse, 1994)
 * Nightwings (Muse, 1996)
 * The Maker (Paddle Wheel, 1995)
 * Givin' Away the Store (Jazz Heritage Society, 2001)

With Lyle Mays
 * Lab' 75! (NTSU Jazz Lab, 1974)
 * Lyle Mays (Geffen, 1986)
 * Street Dreams (Geffen, 1988)
 * The Tale of Peter Rabbit, The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher & The Tale of Two Bad Mice (Windham Hill, 1988)
 * Fictionary (Geffen, 1993)
 * The Ludwigsburg Concert (Jazzhaus, 2015)

With Wolfgang Muthspiel
 * Air, Love & Vitamins (Quinton, 2004)
 * Real Book Stories (Quinton, 2001)
 * Perspective (Amadeo, 1996)

With Enrico Pieranunzi
 * No Man's Land (Soul Note, 1990)
 * In That Dawn of Music (Soul Note, 1993)
 * The Night Gone by (Alfa, 1996)
 * The Chant of Time (Alfa, 1997)
 * Jazz Roads (CAM Jazz, 2002)
 * Les Amants (Egea, 2004)
 * Deep Down (Soul Note, 2012)
 * Live at the Village Vanguard (CAM Jazz, 2013)

With John Scofield
 * Meant to Be (Blue Note, 1991)
 * The John Scofield Quartet Plays Live (Jazz Door, 1993)
 * Steady Groovin'  (Blue Note, 2000)

With Toots Thielemans
 * Ne Me Quitte Pas (Milan, 1987)
 * Only Trust Your Heart (Concord Jazz, 1988)
 * Do Not Leave Me (Stash, 1989)
 * The Brasil Project (Private Music, 1992)
 * The Brasil Project Vol. 2 (Private Music, 1993)

With others
 * Rez Abbasi, Third Ear (Cathexis, 1995)
 * Sezen Aksu, Deliveren (Post Muzik, 2000)
 * Warren Bernhardt, Hands On (DMP, 1987)
 * Randy Bernsen, Calling Me Back Home (101 South, 1993)
 * Paul Bley, Paul Plays Carla (SteepleChase, 1992)
 * Salvatore Bonafede, Salvatore Bonafede Trio Plays (Bellaphon/Ken Music 1991)
 * Bob Brookmeyer, Through a Looking Glass (Finesse, 1981)
 * Gary Burton, Times Like These (GRP, 1988)
 * Vinicius Cantuaria, Vinicius (Transparent Music, 2001)
 * Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, Serenade, K. 361 Gran Partita & A Musical Joke, K. 522 (Arabesque, 1991)
 * Chris Cheek, A Girl Named Joe (Fresh Sound, 1998)
 * John D'earth, One Bright Glance (Enja, 1990)
 * Harold Danko, Alone but Not Forgotten (Sunnyside, 1989)
 * Trudy Desmond, Make Me Rainbows (Koch, 1995)
 * Al Di Meola, Orange and Blue (Bluemoon, 1994)
 * Kurt Elling, Flirting with Twilight (Blue Note, 2001)
 * Dominick Farinacci, Lovers Tales & Dances (Koch, 2009)
 * Mitchel Forman, Train of Thought (Magenta, 1985)
 * Michael Franks, Abandoned Garden (Warner Bros., 1995)
 * Don Friedman, Don Friedman (Swedisc, 1980)
 * Carlos Franzetti, New York Toccata (Verve, 1985)
 * Jamey Haddad, Names (Ananda, 1983)
 * Fred Hersch, Horizons (Concord Jazz, 1985)
 * Fred Hersch, Evanessence (Evidence, 1991)
 * George Jinda, Between Dreams (Shanachie, 1996)
 * Philly Joe Jones, Advance! (Galaxy, 1979)
 * Rodney Jones, Dreams and Stories (Savant, 2005)
 * Dick Katz, In High Profile (Bee Hive, 1984)
 * Lee Konitz, The New York Album (Soul Note, 1988)
 * Lee Konitz, Sound of Surprise (BMG, 1999)
 * T Lavitz, Mood Swing (Nova, 1991)
 * Nguyen Le, Miracles (Musidisc, 1996)
 * Nguyen Le, Three Trios (ACT, 1997)
 * Mel Lewis, Make Me Smile & Other New Works by Bob Brookmeyer (Finesse, 1982)
 * Mel Lewis, Mellifluous (Gatemouth, 1981)
 * Charles Lloyd, Lift Every Voice (ECM, 2002)
 * Chuck Loeb, Balance (DMP, 1991)
 * Joe Lovano, Village Rhythm (Soul Note, 1989)
 * Joe Lovano, Landmarks (Blue Note, 1991)
 * Mike Mainieri, An American Diary (NYC, 1997)
 * Adam Makowicz, The Name Is Makowic (Sheffield Lab, 1983)
 * Rick Margitza, Color (Blue Note, 1989)
 * Rick Margitza, Hope (Blue Note, 1991)
 * Jill McManus, Symbols of Hopi (Concord Jazz, 1984)
 * Jim McNeely, From the Heart (Owl, 1985)
 * Jim McNeely, East Coast Blow Out (Lipstick, 1991)
 * Vince Mendoza, Instructions Inside (Manhattan, 1991)
 * Jon Metzger, Out of the Dark (V.S.O.P. 1986)
 * Bob Mintzer, Hymn (Owl, 1991)
 * Silvano Monasterios, Roads Not Taken (Forever Music 1997)
 * Paul Motian, Bill Evans (JMT, 1990)
 * Night Ark, In Wonderland (EmArcy, 1997)
 * Makoto Ozone, Walk Alone (Victor 2000)
 * Makoto Ozone, Now You Know (2007)
 * Eugene Pao, This Window (SME, 1999)
 * Jackie Paris, Jackie Paris (Audiophile, 1993)
 * Kim Pensyl, Eyes of Wonder (GRP, 1993)
 * Jim Pugh, The Pugh-Taylor Project (DMP, 1984)
 * The Rembrandts, Untitled (ATCO, 1992)
 * Ryuichi Sakamoto, Beauty (Virgin, 1989)
 * Dino Saluzzi, Cite De La Musique (ECM, 1997)
 * Don Sebesky, I Remember Bill (RCA Victor, 1998)
 * Cathy Segal-Garcia, Song of the Heart (Sunshine, 2002)
 * Martial Solal, Balade Du 10 Mars (Soul Note, 1999)
 * Martial Solal, Triangle (JMS, 1995)
 * Kenneth Sivertsen, Remembering North (NORCD, 1993)
 * Steps Ahead, Holding Together (NYC, 2002)
 * Ralph Towner, Lost and Found (ECM, 1996)
 * Chinary Ung, Grand Spiral (Composers, 1996)
 * Roseanna Vitro, The Time of My Life: Roseanna Vitro Sings the Songs of Steve Allen (Sea Breeze, 1999)
 * Eric Vloeimans, Bitches and Fairy Tales (Challenge, 1998)
 * Eric Vloeimans, North Sea Jazz Legendary Concerts (Bob City, 2013)
 * Sadao Watanabe, A Night with Strings (Elektra 1993)
 * Kenny Werner, Unprotected Music (Double-Time, 1998)
 * Tom Wopat, Tom Wopat Sings Harold Arlen (Hyena, 2005)
 * Akiko Yano, Granola (Midi, 1987)

title: Marc Johnson (musician)


text:
Talk:New Kowloon

Comments
No one would naturally think of the situation that a perpetually ceded territory and a leased territory (with an expire date) would be handovered at the same time. -- 19:47, December 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * No strong view for that but the history seems not particularly relevant to the geographical article of New Kowloon. -Hlaw 04:21, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The name of New Kowloon comes from Kowloon, and it was created for Kowloon. What's wrong for defining in this way? Would defining New York City as part of New York State be anything wrong? -- 19:49, December 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * I refered to the problem in the original article that New Kowloon is defined based on Kowloon, which is in turn defined based on New Kowloon, etc. Readers not familiar with the subject already would get confused. So more description was added. -Hlaw 04:21, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Map
We need a map. 218.250.158.14 (talk) 10:05, 12 December 2012 (UTC)

(7 years later) This article needs a map. Not to include one is ridiculous and unencylopedic. 173.88.246.138 (talk) 07:51, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Actually New Kowloon is a "vague" concept. Kowloon peninsula is defined by the area south of the ridge line (but who defined the watershed ? It may also change from time to time). However, in the treaty of Beijing Kowloon was defined as south of Boundary Street. Thus, Kowloon, was once divided into Kowloon (China territory ) and Kowloon (UK territory ). And then Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, area south of Shenzhen River and north of Boundary Street are defined as the New Territories. But it is odd that New Territories are divided by watershed so the term New Kowloon is created, which now only appears in land lease contract (all HK land are crown land). Further to the problem, modern district council boundaries are draw not by ridge line, so it came with this odd map File:New Kowloon Map.png. Matthew hk (talk) 09:52, 3 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Even worse is, in Sino-British Joint Declaration, PRC called whole New Territories, New Kowloon and Kowloon (south of Boundary Street) as just "Kowloon". Matthew hk (talk) 10:29, 3 December 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:New Kowloon


text:
Air Force Reserve Command

The Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) is a major command (MAJCOM) of the United States Air Force, with its headquarters at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. It is the federal Air Reserve Component (ARC) of the U.S. Air Force, consisting of commissioned officers and enlisted airmen. Together, the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard constitute the Air Force element of the reserve components of the United States Armed Forces. AFRC also plays an integral role in the day-to-day Air Force mission and is not strictly a force held in reserve for possible war or contingency operations. AFRC also supports the United States Space Force through the 310th Space Wing, pending the creation of a space reserve component.

Overview
The federal reserve component of the United States Air Force, AFRC has approximately 450 aircraft assigned for which it has sole control, as well as access to several hundred additional active duty USAF aircraft via AFRC "Associate" wings that are collocated with active duty Air Force wings, sharing access to those same active duty Air Force aircraft. The inventory, both AFRC-controlled and active duty Regular Air Force-controlled, includes the latest, most capable models of aircraft that are assigned to the U.S. Air Force. On any given day, 99 percent of AFRC's aircraft are mission-ready and able to deploy within 72 hours. In addition to flying units, AFRC has numerous ground organizations ranging from medical units to civil engineers, intelligence, and security forces, just to name a few.

The purpose of the Air Force Reserve, as derived from Title 10 of the United States Code (Title 10 U.S.C.), is to: "'Provide combat-ready units and individuals for active duty whenever there are not enough trained units and people in the Regular component of the Air Force to perform any national security mission.'"

Unlike the Air National Guard, which alternates between a "state" status and a "federal" status via both Title 32 of the United States Code (Title 32 U.S.C.) and Title 10 U.S.C., the Air Force Reserve is strictly a "federal" reserve component under Title 10 U.S.C. and operates as an independent Major Command (MAJCOM), i.e., Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). In combination with the Air National Guard, the Air Force Reserve comprises half of what is known as the Air Reserve Component (ARC) of the United States Air Force. AFRC forces are under the administrative control (ADCON) of the Commander, Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC/CC). When activated or mobilized (e.g., under 10 U.S.C. §§ 12301(a), 12302, 12304, 12304a, or 12304b), combatant command authority (COCOM) transfers to the combatant commander to which the forces are assigned/attached and operational control (OPCON) transfers to the operational chain of command established by that commander. In addition, AFRC forces are also assigned to deployable Air Expeditionary Forces (AEFs) and are subject to deployment tasking orders along with their active duty Regular Air Force and part-time Air National Guard counterparts in their assigned deployment cycle window.

The Air Force Reserve also contains other specialized capabilities not found in regular active duty Air Force units. For example, the Air Force Reserve conducts two unique mission sets for which it possesses the sole USAF capability:

 * Aerial Spray Missions
 * At the request of local, state or federal agencies, the Air Force Reserve can conduct aerial spray missions employing insecticides or herbicides with specially-equipped C-130 aircraft.
 * Hurricane and Weather Reconnaissance
 * The Air Force Reserve maintains the Air Force's sole aerial weather reconnaissance capability, to include hurricane and typhoon penetration by its own WC-130J aircraft, augmenting the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D aircraft fleet.

A third unique mission set in the Air Force Reserve, Aerial Firefighting, is conducted in tandem with the Air National Guard and also has no counterpart in the Regular Air Force. Certain units of the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard can conduct forest fire and wildfire suppression missions using specially equipped C-130 Hercules aircraft using the palletized Modular Airborne FireFighting System (MAFFS).

Along with its Regular Air Force and Air National Guard partners, the Air Force Reserve also participates in national and international humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR) missions as directed by higher authority.

Like their Air National Guard counterparts, the Air Force Reserve also supports counter-narcotics (CN) operations by performing detection and interdiction efforts outside the United States in coordination with the U.S. Coast Guard and other agencies.

Reserve categories
There are several categories of service for personnel in the Air Force Reserve. Most Air Force Reservists are part-time Traditional Reservists (TR) who serve in the Unit Program, in which they are required to report for duty with their parent Air Force Reserve Command unit, typically a wing, group or squadron, at least one weekend a month and an additional two weeks a year (e.g., 38 days). However, many Air Force Reservists, especially those in an active flying status, serve well in excess of this minimum duty requirement, often in excess of 120-man-days a year.

A smaller but equally important category of TR is the Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA). IMAs are part-time Air Force Reservists who are assigned to active duty Air Force units and organizations, combat support agencies, Unified Combatant Commands and the Joint Staff to do jobs that are essential in wartime or during contingency operations, but do not require full-time manning during times of peace. They report for duty a minimum of two days a month and twelve additional days a year, but like their Unit Program counterparts, many IMAs serve well in excess of the minimum military duty requirement, providing multiple weeks or months of active duty "man-days" in support of active duty USAF and joint commands.

A smaller number of Reservists serve limited tours of extended active duty in an Active Duty Special Work (ADSW) status, usually at an Air Force headquarters staff level, in the joint combatant commands, or in other special assignments. Their job is to bring Air Force Reserve expertise to the planning and decision-making processes at senior levels within the Air Force, other services, and the Unified Combatant Commands.

Like the Air National Guard, the Air Force Reserve Command also requires two categories of full-time personnel to perform functions that require full-time manning. These full-time positions are filled via the same two programs as employed by the Air National Guard: the Active Guard and Reserve (AGR) program and the Air Reserve Technician (ART) program.

Air Force Reservists who become members of the Active Guard and Reserve (AGR) receive full active duty pay and benefits just like active duty members of any branch of the armed forces. The majority of AGRs are former TRs and they serve four-year controlled tours of special duty that can be renewed. Many AGRs serve with operational AFRC flying and non-flying wings and groups; at active and reserve numbered air forces; on the staffs of other USAF Major Commands (MAJCOMs), Field Operating Agencies (FOAs) and Direct Reporting Units (DRUs); on the Air Staff at Headquarters, U.S. Air Force (HAF); on the staffs of Unified Combatant Commands; on the Joint Staff and in the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). AFRC Recruiting is another field that employs AGR personnel. AGRs also have the option with good performance to serve 20 or more years on active duty and receive a retirement after 20 or more years, just like active members of the Regular Air Force.

Another category of Air Force Reservists serving full-time are those in the Air Reserve Technician Program (ART). ARTs are accessed from either the active duty Regular Air Force, the AGR program, Traditional Guardsmen (TG) in the Air National Guard, or TRs in the Air Force Reserve. ARTs carry a dual status, working for the Air Force as both full-time civil service employees and as uniformed military members in the same AFRC units where they work as Department of the Air Force Civilians (DAFC), performing the same job duties. Although "technically" civil servants part of the time, all ART officers must maintain a reserve commission on the Reserve Active Status List (RASL) as a TR and all ART enlisted personnel must maintain a current reserve enlistment as a TR as a precondition for both hiring and continued career employment as an ART. In addition, all ART officers and ART enlisted personnel wear their uniforms and utilize their rank titles at all times when on duty, regardless if they are in a DAFC status or in a drilling or active duty military status. Most ART personnel are assigned to operational AFRC flying wings, groups and squadrons in various operational flying, aircraft maintenance and other support positions and functions, up to and including wing commander. Because ARTs are not eligible for DAFC retirement until reaching age 60, and because a condition of their employment as an ART is contingent upon their maintaining an active reserve military status until reaching age 60, ARTs are not subject to the same maximum years of service limitations by pay grade that impact non-ART personnel. As such, ART personnel are permitted to remain in uniform until age 60, typically past a point that would otherwise require their retirement from military service based on rank, pay grade and years of service.

Traditional Reservists (TR) are categorized by several criteria in either the Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, Individual Ready Reserve or Retired Reserve:
 * Ready Reserve
 * Approximately 74,000 trained personnel who may be recalled to Active Duty to augment active forces in time of war, contingency operations, or other national emergency. This category also includes all full-time ART personnel.  They are predominantly assigned to the Unit Program or as IMAs.

 * Standby Reserve
 * Includes Reservists whose civilian jobs are considered key to national defense or who have temporary disability or personal hardship. Most do not train, are not assigned to units and are typically not eligible for promotion/advancement.

 * Individual Ready Reserve (IRR)
 * Comprises members who no longer train with combat ready Reserve units, but are qualified in their fields and eligible to be recalled in the event of a national emergency.
 * There is a small group labeled as Participating IRR (PIRR) who receive points toward military retirement, but not drill pay or Annual Training with pay and are under what the Air Force Reserve (and Air National Guard) designates as Category E (CAT E) status. Some PIRR members continue to participate with existing Air Force organizations in a non-pay status or in Unified Combatant Commands where they may be eligible to perform Active Duty for Training (ADT), Active Duty for Operational Support (ADOS), Active Duty Special Work (ADSW) ... also known as "mandays" ... or voluntary Mobilization to Active Duty (MOB) with full pay and allowances. CAT E Air Force Reservists also include some 1,000 USAF Academy Liaison Officers (ALOs), Civil Air Patrol Reserve Liaison Officers (RLOs), chaplains, and a few other positions that require military duty, but not a fixed schedule. These CAT E personnel can also earn active duty mandays with pay just like CAT A and B reservists, but on a more limited basis.

 * Retired Reserve
 * The Retired Reserve is made up of retired personnel who receive pay after retiring from Active Duty or a Reserve Component, or are Reservists awaiting retirement pay at age 60. Some exceptions are made for certain Reservists mobilized to Active Duty since 11 September 2001 who may receive retirement pay earlier on a sliding scale between ages 50 and 60. Eligibility for TRICARE Prime or TRICARE Standard medical coverage for retirees and their families is delayed until the retiree reaches age 60.

Associate Program
A USAF Associate Unit is a unit where active duty, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard members combine forces and missions using "Total Force" concept integration. The Air Force Reserve Command Associate Program provides trained crews and maintenance personnel for active-duty owned aircraft. This unique program pairs a Reserve unit with an active-duty unit to share a single set of aircraft and rests on the idea that there are more operational requirements than there are manpower to fulfill them. The Associate Reserve program is based on providing manpower to complement the Total Force.

Previously, an associate unit was one where the active duty (typically a wing level organization) owned the aircraft and the Air Force Reserve or Air National Guard wing or group co-located with the active duty unit, providing only manpower. To take advantage of the synergies and aircraft, active duty units are now being stood up at what were previously Air Force Reserve Command or Air National Guard locations, where the Air Reserve Component organization technically "owns" the aircraft, but share them with an active duty squadron, group or wing that provides additional manning. This enables the Air Force to be more productive in meeting the global demands for primarily the Mobility Air Forces (MAF), the Air Force's cargo and aerial refueling aircraft, although the concept is now being extended to the Combat Air Forces (CAF), the Air Force's fighter, bomber, reconnaissance, rescue and special operations aircraft, as well. The result is a more cost-effective way to meet increasing mission requirements.

 * In an active associate unit, the Air Force Reserve or Air National Guard owns the aircraft, while the active duty Regular Air Force embeds a squadron, group or wing that provides air crews, aircraft maintenance and support personnel who share the responsibility of flying and maintaining the AFRC or ANG aircraft.
 * In a traditional associate unit, Air Force Reservists fly and maintain aircraft owned by the active duty Regular Air Force. In many of these units, particularly in the MAF, the aircraft have been re-marked to include both Regular Air Force and Air Force Reserve Command or Air National Guard organizational and unit markings.
 * A corollary unit is an Air Force Reserve or Air National Guard squadron or group attached to an active duty squadron or group.

Associate unit reservists are most heavily concentrated in the Air Mobility Command (AMC) and fly AMC's largest airlifters, the C-5 Galaxy, and the newest AMC global airlifter, the C-17 Globemaster III, with Air Force Reserve associate crews accounting for nearly 50 percent of the Air Force's total C-5 and C-17 air crew capability. AFRC also provides sole Formal Training Unit (FTU) functions in the C-5 for the Regular Air Force, the Air Force Reserve, and prior to the C-5's retirement from that component, the Air National Guard.

AFRC also provides aerial refueling capability with aircrews operating AMC KC-10 Extenders in associate units and KC-135 Stratotankers in both associate and Air Reserve Component air mobility wings, air refueling wings and air refueling groups. Associate KC-10 units provide 50 percent of the KC-10 crews and contribute 50 percent to the maintenance force. Air Force Reservists also contribute about 13 percent of total KC-135 aerial refueling requirements.

In another alignment with AMC, more than 9,100 Air Force Reservists train in the C-130 Hercules theater airlift mission in a variety of aircrew, aircraft maintenance and support skills as both stand alone AFRC units and in "Associate" arrangements with Regular Air Force and Air National Guard C-130 units. In wartime, AFRC provides 23 percent of Air Force's total C-130 theater airlift force, with nearly half of the Air Force Reserve's airlift units flying their own unit-assigned C-130 Hercules aircraft, several of which have now integrated Active Associate units from the Regular Air Force. The C-130's speed, range, load-carrying characteristics and capability to operate under difficult terrain conditions make it an invaluable and versatile aircraft, strong enough to deliver its cargo on unimproved landing strips.

Other AMC-aligned AFRC missions involve aeromedical evacuation and special air support operations.

Air Combat Command (ACC) F-22A Raptor air dominance fighters, F-16 Fighting Falcon and F-15E Strike Eagle multipurpose fighters, A-10 Thunderbolt II ground attack aircraft, MQ-1 Predator remotely-piloted aircraft are jointly operated by ACC active duty personnel and AFRC aircrews via Associate units.

Several AFRC Air Operations Centers (AOCs) also operate as stand alone units or in associate augmentation to ACC, AMC, Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) and U.S. Air Forces Central (AFCENT) AOCs operating the AN/USQ-163 Falconer AOC weapons system.

In associate programs with the Air Education and Training Command (AETC), AFRC support undergraduate pilot training by providing instructor pilots in the T-6 Texan II, T-38 Talon and T-1 Jayhawk.

AFRC Space Operations associate units aligned with the United States Space Force also operate Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), Defense Support Program (DSP) and Global Positioning System (GPS) Satellites as well as various cyber warfare systems.

Unit Program with AFRC-owned Aircraft
AFRC also operates numerous F-16 and A-10 aircraft in stand-alone AFRC fighter wings that are operationally aligned with the Air Combat Command (ACC). AFRC's HC-130 and HH-60 combat search and rescue (CSAR) aircraft are also assigned to stand-alone flying units that are operationally aligned with ACC. A single AFRC bomb wing is equipped with the B-52 and is operationally aligned with Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC).

AFRC also operates stand-alone C-5, C-17, C-130, C-40, KC-46 and KC-135 units that are operated by the Air Mobility Command (AMC). The Air Force Reserve also operates the WC-130 Hurricane Hunter in the weather reconnaissance mission and provides the sole USAF capability for this mission set.

In tandem with Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), AFRC previously operated the MC-130E Combat Talon I aircraft until its retirement in 2013. AFRC's sole special operations wing currently operates the C-146A Wolfhound, C-145A Skytruck, and U-28A, providing Formal Training Unit (FTU) functions for both the active duty Air Force and the Air Force Reserve on those aircraft. The 919 SOW also operates the MQ-9 Reaper remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) in the attack and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) roles.

Units
Nearly 70,000 reservists are assigned to specific Air Force Reserve units. These are the people who are obligated to report for duty for a minimum one weekend each month and two weeks of annual training a year, with most performing many additional days of military duty. Reserve aircrews, for example, average more than 120 military duty days a year, often flying in support of national objectives at home and around the world. Air Reserve Technicians (ARTs), the special group of reservists who work as Air Force civil service employees during the week in the same jobs they hold as reservists on drill weekends and active duty periods, provide a degree of continuity that serves to make the Air Force Reserve a relevant combat force. ARTs are the full-time backbone of the unit training program, providing day-to-day leadership, administrative and logistical support, and operational continuity for their units. More than 9,500 reservists, over 15 percent of the force, serve full-time as ARTs.

Air Force Reserve Command consists of three Numbered Air Forces:

Fourth Air Force (4 AF)

March Air Reserve Base, California

 * 315th Airlift Wing (C-17A)
 * Associate unit with 437th Airlift Wing
 * Joint Base Charleston, South Carolina

 * 349th Air Mobility Wing (C-5M, C-17A, KC-10A)
 * Associate unit with 60th Air Mobility Wing
 * Travis Air Force Base, California

 * 433d Airlift Wing (C-5M)
 * Lackland AFB / Kelly Field Annex, Joint Base San Antonio, Texas
 * Includes C-5 Formal Training Unit (FTU) mission under AETC

 * 434th Air Refueling Wing (KC-135R)
 * Grissom Air Reserve Base, Indiana

 * 445th Airlift Wing (C-17A)
 * Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

 * 446th Airlift Wing (C-17A)
 * Associate unit with 62d Airlift Wing
 * McChord AFB, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington

 * 452d Air Mobility Wing (C-17A, KC-135R)
 * March Air Reserve Base, California
 * 1 of 2 air refueling sqdns is an Active Associate unit with the 92d Air Refueling Wing
 * Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington.

 * 439th Airlift Wing (C-5M)
 * Westover Air Reserve Base, Massachusetts

 * 459th Air Refueling Wing (KC-135R)
 * Andrews AFB, Joint Base Andrews, Maryland

 * 507th Air Refueling Wing (KC-135R)
 * Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma

 * 512th Airlift Wing (C-5M, C-17A)
 * Associate unit with 436th Airlift Wing
 * Dover Air Force Base, Delaware

 * 514th Air Mobility Wing (C-17A, KC-10A)
 * Associate unit with 305th Air Mobility Wing
 * McGuire Air Force Base, Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, New Jersey

 * 624th Regional Support Group (PACAF)
 * Hickam AFB, Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawaii

 * 911th Airlift Wing (C-17A)
 * Pittsburgh IAP Air Reserve Station, Pennsylvania

 * 914th Air Refueling Wing (KC-135R)
 * Niagara Falls Air Reserve Station, New York

 * 916th Air Refueling Wing (KC-135R)
 * Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina
 * 1 of 2 air refueling sqdns is an Active Associate unit with the 6th Air Mobility Wing
 * MacDill Air Force Base, Florida.

 * 927th Air Refueling Wing (KC-135R)
 * Associate unit with 6th Air Mobility Wing
 * MacDill Air Force Base, Florida

 * 931st Air Refueling Wing (KC-135R/RT)
 * Associate unit with 22d Air Refueling Wing
 * McConnell Air Force Base, Kansas

 * 940th Air Refueling Wing (KC-135R)
 * Beale Air Force Base, California

Tenth Air Force (10 AF)

Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base/Carswell Field, Texas

 * 44th Fighter Group (F-22A)
 * Associate Unit with the 325th Fighter Wing
 * Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida
 * Geographically Separated Unit (GSU) of 301st Fighter Wing, NAS JRB Fort Worth, Texas

 * 301st Fighter Wing (F-16C/D)
 * Carswell Field, Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Texas

 * 307th Bomb Wing (B-52H) (AFGSC)
 * (Operationally gained by Air Force Global Strike Command)
 * Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana

 * 310th Space Wing (USSF)
 * Associate unit with 50th Space Wing
 * (Operationally gained by the United States Space Force)
 * Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado

 * 340th Flying Training Group (T-1A, T-6A, T-38B/C, AT-38B) (AETC)
 * Associate unit with 12th Flying Training Wing
 * (Operationally gained by Air Education and Training Command)
 * Randolph Field, Joint Base San Antonio, Texas

 * 414th Fighter Group (F-15E)
 * Associate unit with 4th Fighter Wing
 * Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina

 * 419th Fighter Wing (F-35A)
 * Associate unit with 388th Fighter Wing
 * Hill Air Force Base, Utah

 * 442d Fighter Wing (A-10C)
 * Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri

 * 476th Fighter Group (A-10C)
 * Associate unit with 23d Wing
 * Moody Air Force Base, Georgia

 * 477th Fighter Group (F-22A) (PACAF)
 * Associate unit with 3d Wing
 * (Operationally gained by Pacific Air Forces)
 * Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska

 * 482d Fighter Wing (F-16C/D)
 * Homestead Air Reserve Base, Florida

 * 513th Air Control Group (E-3B/C)
 * Associate unit with 552d Air Control Wing
 * Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma

 * 655th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing (ISR)
 * Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

 * 960th Cyberspace Wing (Cyber)
 * Lackland AFB, Texas

 * 919th Special Operations Wing (MQ-1, U-28, C-145) (AFSOC)
 * (Operationally gained by Air Force Special Operations Command)
 * Duke Field, Florida

 * 920th Rescue Wing (HH-60G, HC-130P)
 * Patrick Space Force Base, Florida

 * 926th Wing (F-22A, F-15B/C, F-16C/D, A-10C, MQ-1, MQ-9)
 * Associate unit with 57th Wing (706th Aggressor Squadron)
 * Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada
 * Associate unit with 432d Wing (78th Attack Squadron and 91st Attack Squadron)
 * Creech Air Force Base, Nevada
 * Associate unit with 53d Wing (84th Test and Evaluation Squadron)
 * Eglin Air Force Base, Florida
 * Associate unit with 527th Space Aggressor Squadron (26th Space Aggressor Squadron) (USSF)
 * (Operationally gained by the United States Space Force)
 * Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado

 * 943d Rescue Group (HH-60G)
 * GSU of the 920th Rescue Wing, Patrick Space Force Base, FL
 * Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona

 * 944th Fighter Wing (F-16C/D) (AETC)
 * Associate unit with 56th Fighter Wing
 * (Operationally gained by Air Education and Training Command)
 * Luke Air Force Base, Arizona

 * 924th Fighter Group (A-10C)
 * GSU of the 944th Fighter Wing
 * Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona

 * 610th Regional Support Group
 * Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth, Texas

Twenty-Second Air Force (22 AF)

Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia

 * 94th Airlift Wing (C-130H)
 * Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia

 * 302d Airlift Wing (C-130H)
 * Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado

 * 403d Wing (C-130J, WC-130J)
 * Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi

 * 908th Airlift Wing (C-130H)
 * Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama

 * 910th Airlift Wing (C-130H)
 * Youngstown-Warren Air Reserve Station, Ohio

 * 913th Airlift Group – Associate (C-130J)
 * Little Rock AFB, Arkansas

 * 932d Airlift Wing (C-40C)
 * Associate unit with 375th Air Mobility Wing
 * Scott Air Force Base, Illinois

 * 934th Airlift Wing (C-130H)
 * Minneapolis-St Paul Joint Air Reserve Station, Minnesota

Total Force concept
The Air Force Reserve (AFRES) was created as a separate operating agency (SOA) and replaced a major command – Continental Air Command – which inactivated in August 1968. Upon activation, AFRES assumed command of all personnel, equipment and aircraft previously assigned to ConAC.

As the 1970s unfolded, the challenge then was to find the right mix of forces for mission effectiveness. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird adopted the Total Force concept in August 1970 with Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger declaring it policy in 1973.

With the implementation of the Total Force Policy, the Air Force Reserve became a multi-mission force, flying the same modern aircraft as the active Air Force. Mobilization planning and operational evaluation were integrated with the corresponding active duty functions. With the same equipment and budget authority, the Air Force Reserve was held to the same readiness standards and inspections as regular Air Force units. Special operations, air refueling, weather reconnaissance, and, once again, fighter missions were added to the airlift, rescue, and mission support roles performed by the Air Force Reserve. The associate concept soon expanded to include the C-5 Galaxy.

Cold War era
Air Force Reserve participation in Air Force exercises and deployments perfected its mobility capabilities as demonstrated throughout the seventies. This was most notable during Operation Nickel Grass, the Israeli assistance airlift of 1973, with some 630 crew members volunteering for Middle East missions including flying into Ben Gurion Airport, Tel Aviv. Another 1,590 Reservists performed missions worldwide, freeing up additional active crews to support the airlift.

The 1980s saw the modernization and expansion of the Air Force Reserve program. KC-10 Extenders joined the associate force in 1981, expanding its air refueling capability. Fighter units obtained the more modern A-10 Thunderbolt II ground support aircraft and F-4 Phantom IIs, and in 1984, the Air Force Reserve received its first F-16A Fighting Falcon. Operationally, the Air Force Reserve participated in Operation Urgent Fury, the return of American students from Grenada in 1983, performed air refuelings of F-111 bombers during the El Dorado Canyon raid on Libyan-sponsored terrorists in 1986, and acted as a full partner in Operation Just Cause which ousted Panama's General Manuel Noriega in 1989–1990. Air Force Reservists also supported humanitarian and disaster relief efforts, including resupply and evacuation missions in the aftermath of 1989's Hurricane Hugo. The Reserve's continual volunteering allayed the concerns of those who believed the Air Force Reserve would not be available when really needed.

Middle East and Yugoslav operations
Air Force Reserve airlift and tanker crews were flying within days of Saddam Hussein's Invasion of Kuwait in August 1990. When ground operations commenced as part of Operation Desert Storm, Air Force Reserve A-10s from the NAS New Orleans-based 926th Tactical Fighter Group (926 TFG) operated close to the front lines along with Air Force Reserve special operations and rescue forces. A Reservist scored the first-ever A-10 air-to-air kill. When Operations Desert Shield/Storm ended, the Air Force Reserve counted 23,500 Reservists mobilized with another 15,000 serving in a volunteer capacity.

The Air Force Reserve had become indistinguishable from the active force in capability; there was no difference between an Air Force Reserve pilot and an active duty pilot, or a boom operator, or loadmaster.

In the aftermath of Desert Storm, Air Force Reservists continued to serve and were heavily involved in both Operation Northern Watch and Operation Southern Watch during the 1990s, enforcing the United Nations-mandated no-fly zones over northern and southern Iraq as well as in humanitarian relief missions during Operation Provide Comfort to assist uprooted Iraqi Kurds. For over six years, Air Force Reserve C-130s performed these Provide Comfort missions on a rotational basis while F-16s and combat rescue HH-60 Pave Hawks deployed to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey, for the no-fly operations. In 1993, when tensions mounted in Bosnia, Air Force Reserve tanker and fighter units participated in enforcing the Operation Deny Flight no-fly zone while airlift units ensured logistical resupply.

Following Operation DESERT STORM in 1991, the Air Force increasingly relied on its Air Reserve Component, both AFRC and ANG, for a "steady state" of daily assistance, whether it was flying airlift channel; providing fighter, tanker and theater airlift support of "no fly" zone enforcement operations in Southwest Asia; aerial fire fighting; aerial spray; hurricane hunter missions; military air/sea rescue support of NASA Space Shuttle operations; or providing highly skilled medical and aeromedical personnel. As a result, Congress sought to clarify the organizational placement of the Air Force Reserve (AFRES) in the larger active duty Air Force organizational structure. Accordingly, in February 1997, the Air Force Reserve (AFRES) officially became the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC), the Air Force's ninth major command.

Between March and September 1999, Air Force Reservists volunteered and were also mobilized for Operation Allied Force operations over Serbia and Kosovo. The involuntary recall marked the ninth time the Air Force had requested a mobilization of Air Force Reserve units and personnel since 1950. In summary, Reservists provided 150,000 mandays of support that spanned the spectrum of Air Force missions. The Air Force Reserve once again proved itself as an adaptable and capable force, ready to perform the full range of Air Force operations on an integrated and daily basis in sync with the new Air Expeditionary Task Force (AEF) concepts.

Global War on Terrorism
When terrorists attacked the United States on 11 September 2001, Air Force Reservists responded in full measure. Air Force Reserve F-16 Fighting Falcon fighters flew Combat air patrols (CAPs) protecting America's cities while AFRC KC-135 Stratotankers and E-3 Sentry AWACs aircraft supported with air refuelings and security. In October 2001, the United States initiated the Global War on Terrorism as military forces entered Afghanistan to combat the Taliban in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). Air Force Reserve special operations MC-130 Combat Talon aircraft became the first fixed-wing aircraft to penetrate Afghan airspace while Air Force Reserve F-16 crews, already deployed in theater for Operation Southern Watch, performed the first combat missions.

Air Force Reservists made significant contributions by flying close air support, combat delivery, rescue, strategic airlift, and air refueling missions supporting operations in Afghanistan. They also provided B-52 Stratofortress, special operations, aeromedical, security forces, and civil engineering support. Air Force Reserve A-10s, HH-60s and C-130 Hercules continue to perform rotational tours in Afghanistan, and Air Force Reservists have been instrumental in building the Afghan National Army Air Corps.

When Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the war against Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq began in March 2003, Air Force Reserve combat-ready A-10, B-52, and F-16 aircrews flew numerous strike operations during the first hours of engagement and performed special operations and rescue missions. Air Reserve rescue personnel were among the first into Tallil Air Base as Reserve A-10s provided close air support. Part of the lead tanker force, Reserve tankers offloaded more than 21 million pounds of fuel to more than 1,000 aircraft. In late March 2003, fifteen C-17 Globemaster III Reserve associate crews supported the C-17 airdrop, which opened up the Northern Front in Iraq.

Additionally, Reservists supported Air Force Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) missions and space-based operations in Southwest Asia, providing essential data to battlefield commanders. During the combat phase (19 March-1 May) of OIF, Air Force Reserve aircraft and crews flew nearly 162,000 hours and deployed 70 unit-equipped aircraft in theater while aeromedical personnel provided 45 percent of the Air Force's aeromedical crews that performed 3,108 patient movements.

The Air Force Reserve continues to expand its associate construct across the mission spectrum. Specific examples are the Air Force Reserve 477th Fighter Group associating at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, flying the F-22 Raptor jointly with the PACAF 3d Wing and the active duty associating with the C-40 Clipper-equipped 932d Airlift Wing with the 375th Air Mobility Wing at Scott AFB, Illinois, and the 433d Airlift Wing C-5 Galaxy at Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. On the horizon, associate units will include future weapon systems such as the F-35 Lightning II and the Next-Generation Bomber in the 2020s.

Lineage

 * The War Department established an Army Air Forces Air Reserve Program as part of the United States Army Air Forces, July 1946. With the establishment of an independent U.S. Air Force in September 1947, Air Force Reserve personnel and units were assigned to Continental Air Command (CONAC).
 * Established as Air Force Reserve (AFRES) and activated as an Air Force Separate Operating Agency (SOA) on 21 June 1968
 * Organized on 1 August 1968, assuming reserve assets of Continental Air Command (Inactivated)
 * Status changed from SOA to an Air Force Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) on 1 July 1978
 * Status changed from DRU and returned to SOA status on 1 May 1983
 * Status changed from SOA to an Air Force Field Operating Agency (FOA) on 5 February 1991
 * Re-designated as Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) and status changed from a FOA to a Major Command (MAJCOM) of the United States Air Force on 17 February 1997

Assignments

 * United States Air Force, 1 August 1968 – present

Components
Air Force Reserve's entire intermediate management structure was realigned effective 8 October 1976. The Reserve Regions were inactivated and succeeded by the reactivated Fourth, Tenth and Fourteenth Air Forces
 * Air Forces:
 * Fourth (Reserve) (later, Fourth) Air Force: 8 October 1976 – present
 * Tenth (Reserve) (later, Tenth) Air Force: 8 October 1976 – present
 * Fourteenth (Reserve) (later, Fourteenth) Air Force: 8 October 1976 – 1 July 1993
 * Twenty-Second Air Force: 1 July 1993 – present

 * Regions:
 * First Air Force Reserve Region: 1 August 1968 – 31 December 1969
 * Third Air Force Reserve Region: 1 August 1968 – 31 December 1969
 * Fourth Air Force Reserve Region: 1 August 1968 – 31 December 1969
 * Fifth Air Force Reserve Region: 1 August 1968 – 31 December 1969
 * Sixth Air Force Reserve Region: 1 August 1968 – 31 December 1969
 * Central Air Force Reserve Region: 31 December 1969 – 8 October 1976
 * (Ellington AFB, TX) Became Responsible for the Fourth and Fifth Region areas

 * Eastern Air Force Reserve Region: 31 December 1969 – 8 October 1976
 * (Dobbins AFB, GA) Became responsible for the First and Third Region areas

 * Western Air Force Reserve Region: 31 December 1969 – 8 October 1976
 * (Hamilton AFB, CA) Re-designation of the Sixth Air Force Reserve Region

 * Support components:
 * Individual Mobilization Augmentee Readiness Management Group: 1 April 2005 – present
 * 8600th Air Force Reserve Command Support (later, 952nd Reserve Support Squadron; Air Force Reserve Command Force Generation Center): 1 February 1991 – present
 * Air Reserve Personnel Center (ARPC): 1 July 1978 – 1 May 1983; 15 September 1997 – present
 * Air Force Reserve Command Recruiting Service (AFRC/RS): 1 October 1994 – present
 * 581st Air Force Band (later, Command Band of the Air Force Reserve; Band of the Air Force Reserve; Band of the USAF Reserve): 1 August 1968 – 1 October 2016
 * 2400th Reserve Advisor Squadron (later, 2400th Reserve Readiness and Mobility Squadron; 951st Reserve Support Squadron): 1 December 1972 – present
 * 953d Reserve Support Squadron: 1 July 1997 – 1 October 2011
 * 954th Reserve Support Flight (later, 954th Reserve Support Squadron): 15 December 1997 – 1 October 2011
 * 954th Reserve Support Squadron: 1 October 2011 – present

Stations

 * Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, 1 August 1968 – present

Notable Reservists

 * Maj Gen William Anders, NASA Astronaut on Apollo 8 and former United States Ambassador
 * Lt Col John Boccieri, former Member of Congress
 * Maj Gen Howard Cannon, former United States Senator
 * Maj Gen Thomas L. Carter, former Representative of the United States on the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization
 * Lt Col Doug Collins, former Member of Congress
 * SSgt Jeff Denham, former Member of Congress
 * Lt Gen Jimmy Doolittle, Medal of Honor recipient, first president of the Air Force Association, Chairman of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and first Air Force Reserve officer to achieve Lieutenant General (O-9) rank, albeit in the Army Air Forces, and the first Air Force Reserve officer to be promoted to General (O-10) on the Retired List
 * Brig Gen Charles Duke, NASA Astronaut on Apollo 16
 * Col Michael E. Fossum, NASA Astronaut on STS-121 and STS-124
 * Maj Gen Barry Goldwater, former United States Senator
 * Col Lindsey Graham, United States Senator
 * Maj John Paul Hammerschmidt, former Member of Congress
 * Lt Col Christopher B. Howard, President of Robert Morris University
 * Col Ted Lieu, Member of Congress
 * Maj Gen William Lyon, Southern California businessman and founder of the Lyon Air Museum
 * Brig Gen Theodore Marrs, M.D., Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force and Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense in the Nixon Administration
 * Maj Gen Joseph McNeil, member of the Greensboro Four
 * Maj Gen Edward J. Mechenbier, former Prisoner of War
 * Gen Maryanne Miller, former Commander, Air Force Reserve Command, former Commander, Air Mobility Command, and first Air Force Reserve officer in an active status to achieve the rank of General (O-10)
 * Col Robert K. Morgan, pilot of the Memphis Belle (aircraft)
 * Col Noel "Christy" Nolta, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Reserve Affairs and Airman Readiness
 * Col August Pfluger, Member of Congress
 * Col Pamela Powers, former Chief of Staff performing duties as the Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs
 * Maj Gen Mark Rosenker, former Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board
 * Capt Mark Sanford, former Member of Congress and former Governor of South Carolina
 * Capt Roy Scheider, Film actor known for roles in Jaws (film) and The French Connection (film)
 * Brig Gen James Sehorn, former Prisoner of War in Vietnam for over five years
 * Brig Gen James Stewart, Academy Award-winning film actor, B-24 Liberator pilot during World War II and recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross
 * Col Bruce Sundlun, former Governor of Rhode Island
 * A3C Joseph P. Teasdale, former Governor of Missouri
 * Lt Col Roger Wicker, United States Senator

title: Air Force Reserve Command


text:
Berlin-Britz transmitter

Transmitter Berlin-Britz was a broadcasting facility for medium wave, shortwave and FM on the site of a former tree nursery in Berlin-Britz. It was established in 1946 and until 1993 it was the most important transmitter of RIAS. It was used by Deutschlandradio until 4 September 2013, and was finally demolished on 18 July 2015.

The Berlin-Britz transmitter initially used a wire supported between two 30 m tall wooden poles. This aerial was replaced in 1947 by a 60 m guyed insulated steel framework mast. This mast was replaced in turn in 1948 by two guyed insulated steel framework masts, each with a height of 100 m and which still exist today. These masts were extended in subsequent years so that today they are 160 m and 144 m tall and carry FM radio broadcasting antennas.

Since 1949 the Berlin-Britz transmitter has also been a shortwave transmission facility. A dipole aerial aligned in east–west direction was installed. A second shortwave broadcasting aerial in the form of a dipole with whole length was built in 1983.

A cross dipole aerial for the medium wave frequency 990 kHz was built in 1978 to provide better coverage to the former East Germany for RIAS’ first channel. This aerial for circular polarization radiated vertically in the ionosphere and permitted good reception of RIAS 1 in the entire former East Germany. This aerial was mounted on five guyed masts each with a height of 30.5 m and was shut down at the end of 1995.

title: Berlin-Britz transmitter


text:
Talk:Port

Is "smart port" really a distinct type of seaport?
Both cargo and passenger seaports make use of cloud computing, IoT, and data aggregation/analysis tools in order to run. Is it really warranted to call out "smart ports" as their own distinct type of port? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2620:10D:C090:400:0:0:5:916A (talk) 21:18, 16 February 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 2 February 2021 and 14 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jeep.Enthusiast, Sideninfc, TheSnoeman, Owenrusso.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:59, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Port


text:
Matapédia (album)

Matapédia is an album by the Canadian duo Kate & Anna McGarrigle, released in 1996.

Kate's daughter Martha Wainwright appears on the album as a backing vocalist; she is also directly mentioned in the lyrics of the title track.

The title "Matapédia" refers to the river in eastern Quebec that runs down to the town of Matapédia, Quebec, and then out into baie des Chaleurs. The rhythm of the river is supposed to be the inspiration for the loping beat of the album's title track.

The album won the Juno Award for Roots & Traditional Album of the Year - Group at the Juno Awards of 1997.

Critical reception
The Chicago Tribune wrote that the songs "reflect on time's passage with a mixture of haunting ambiguity and bittersweet longing—qualities that have defined the duo's songbook from the beginning." The Los Angeles Times noted that "the old-time folksiness of the McGarrigles' sound is in the foreground once more, carried by fiddles and accordions."

AllMusic wrote that the sisters "return to their strengths by trimming back the synthesizers and sticking with direct, folky testaments."

Track listing

 * 1) "Matapedia" (Kate McGarrigle) – 4:52
 * 2) "Goin' Back to Harlan" (Anna McGarrigle) – 4:59
 * 3) "I Don't Know" (Kate McGarrigle) – 4:28
 * 4) "Hang Out Your Heart" (Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Philippe Tatartcheff, Chaim Tannenbaum) – 4:27
 * 5) "Arbre" (Anna McGarrigle, Philippe Tatartcheff) – 3:14
 * 6) "Jacques et Gilles" (Kate McGarrigle) – 4:27
 * 7) "Why Must We Die" (Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Joel Zifkin) – 5:32
 * 8) "Song for Gaby" (Anna McGarrigle) – 2:55
 * 9) "Talk About It" (Kate & Anna McGarrigle) – 5:50
 * 10) "The Bike Song" (Anna McGarrigle) – 3:54

Personnel

 * Kate McGarrigle - vocals, harmony vocals, chorus, banjo, piano, celeste, synthesizer
 * Anna McGarrigle - vocals, harmony vocals, chorus, guitar, keyboards, piano, harpsichord, synthesizer
 * Pierre Marchand - keyboards, accordion, drums, production
 * Pat Donaldson - guitar, bass
 * Michel Pépin - guitar, dobro, bass, percussions, backing vocals
 * Andrew Cowan - guitar
 * Joel Zifkin - violin, fiddle, backing vocals
 * Gilles Losier - violin
 * Sylvain Clavet - drums, percussions
 * Mike DiNardo - drums
 * Gordie Adamson - drums
 * Lily Lanken - harmony vocals
 * Martha Wainwright - harmony vocals

title: Matapédia (album)


text:
Pitiscus (crater)

Pitiscus is a lunar impact crater that lies in the southern part of the Moon's near side, just to the northwest of the larger crater Hommel. It was named after German mathematician Bartholomaeus Pitiscus in 1935. The crater is worn, but still forms a prominent feature upon the surface. The rim is roughly circular, but appears oval from the Earth due to foreshortening. There is an outward bulge to the south-southeast where the interior has slumped. The remainder of the inner wall still displays terraces, although they are worn and rounded due to erosion.

The interior floor is level and appears to have been resurfaced by lava. There is a low central peak formation at the midpoint of the interior, and the northern end of this ridge is overlaid by the circular crater Pitiscus A. A slumped and somewhat irregular crater, Pitiscus E, lies along the inner wall to the west-southwest. The interior floor is also marked by several other tiny craters alongside the eastern interior wall.

Pitiscus is a crater of Nectarian age.

Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Pitiscus.

title: Pitiscus (crater)


text:
User talk:MarkRose

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! -- Infrogmation 19:52, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
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 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Pembina
Sorry guy, there's no place called Pembina, Alberta. You're thinking of the river. We have that at Pembina River (Alberta). You should also check out the List of communities in Alberta. Every town and village in Alberta is on there. But thanks for trying to help. Kevlar67 10:06, 29 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I wonder who added that to the "Edmotnon" article. I fixed.  Any you are righ that Pembina is an important name in Alberta.  The UofA has Pembina Hall,  And there's the think thank the Pembina Institute, and the shcool division Pembina Hills.  Thanks again.  Kevlar67 01:14, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:MarkRose


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Susie Ibarra

Susie Ibarra (born Anaheim, November 15, 1970) is a contemporary composer and percussionist who has worked and recorded with jazz, classical, world, and indigenous musicians. One of SPIN's "100 Greatest Drummers of Alternative Music," she is known for her work as a performer in avant-garde, jazz, world, and new music. As a composer, Ibarra incorporates diverse styles and the influences of Philippine Kulintang, jazz, classical, poetry, musical theater, opera, and electronic music. Ibarra remains active as a composer, performer, educator, and documentary filmmaker in the U.S., Philippines, and internationally. She is interested and involved in works that blend folkloric and indigenous tradition with avant-garde. In 2004, Ibarra began field recording indigenous Philippine music, and in 2009 she co-founded Song of the Bird King, an organization focusing on the preservation of Indigenous music and ecology.

Early years
The youngest of five children, Ibarra was born in Anaheim, California, and raised in Houston, Texas. Her parents Bartolome and Herminia Ibarra were both physicians who immigrated from the Philippines. She began playing piano at the age of four. In grade school she sang in church and school choirs and played in a punk rock band in high school. While at Sarah Lawrence College in the late 1980s, Ibarra attended a Sun Ra performance which she has credited with kindling her interest in jazz. She also attended the Mannes College The New School for Music and Goddard College, where she received her B.A. in Music.

Ibarra has lived in New York since 1989.

She has studied with notable jazz and avant-jazz drummers Vernel Fournier, Earl Buster Smith, and Milford Graves. She has studied Philippine Kulintang music with National Endowment for the Arts Heritage Artist and Danongan "Danny" Kalanduyan and the Kalanduyan family, both in the United States and in Cotabato, Mindanao Philippines.

As a performer
Ibarra was named "Best Percussionist" in the 2010 Downbeat International Readers Poll and "Best Percussionist, Rising Star" in the 2009 and 2011 Downbeat Critics Poll. Ibarra has been featured on the cover of percussion magazines such as Tom Tom and Modern Drummer. Ibarra is a Yamaha Drums, Vic Firth, and Paiste Cymbals Artist.

Susie Ibarra continues to tour and perform internationally in music festivals and other venues. She has received music commissions and performed her work for Zankel Hall in Carnegie Hall, NYC; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; The Kennedy Center, Washington, D.C.; Banlieues Bleues Festival in Paris; Tampere Jazz Happening in Finland; Philippine Women's University in Manila; Lincoln Center in NYC; San Francisco Jazz Festival; TED (conference) in Long Beach, California; Fundació Joan Miró in Barcelona, Spain; the Museum of Modern Art, New York; De Singel in Antwerp; the Barbican Centre in the United Kingdom.

She has performed and recorded with noted artists including Pauline Oliveros, John Zorn, Dave Douglas (trumpeter), Yusef Komunyakaa, Trisha Brown, Tania Leon, Roberto Juan Rodriguez, Makoto Fujimura, Juan Sanchez, Jim Clark, Jude Tallichet, Laiwan Chung, Min Xiaofen, Derek Bailey, Ikue Mori, Sylvie Courvoisier, William Parker (musician), David S. Ware, Assif Tsahar, Matthew Shipp, Billy Bang, Jeanne Lee, Miya Masaoka, George E. Lewis, Dr. L. Subramaniam, Kavita Krishnamurthi, Wang Ping (author), Luis Francia, Wadada Leo Smith, Mark Dresser, Kathleen Supové, Jennifer Choi, Craig Taborn, Bridget Kibbey, Jade Simmons, Arto Lindsay, Thurston Moore, Prefuse 73, Yo La Tengo, Humanfolk, Mephista.

Indigenous music and ecology
Ibarra began field recording kulintang gong music in the Philippines in 2004. In 2007, she received an Asian Cultural Council Fellowship to research indigenous and folkloric music in the Philippines. Ibarra and Roberto Juan Rodriguez researched, recorded, and filmed seven endangered indigenous tribes in the Philippines from 2008 to 2009 and documented the conservation efforts on behalf of the near extinct Philippine eagle. In 2009, they founded Song of the Bird King to concentrate on the preservation of indigenous music and ecology.

In 2018, the Asian Cultural Council gave Ibarra a fellowship to support her Himalayan Glacier Soundscapes project, during which she traveled along the Ganges River with a glaciologist and research team "recording the sounds of glacial recession." Ibarra received a 2010 TED Fellowship, a 2010 New York Foundation for the Arts fellowship for music composition, and a 2008 Asian Cultural Council Rockefeller fellowship. The Asia Society nominated her as a delegate of Asia 21 Young World Leaders Summit Unity Through Diversity in Jakarta in 2010.

Mundo Niños
With Cuban-Composer Roberto Juan Rodriguez, Ibarra co-founded Mundo Niños, a children's group that performs and teaches music in multi-languages to disabled, indigenous, and orphaned children.

Musical works as composer and performer
In 2004, Ibarra recorded Folkloriko, a cycle of 11 pieces dedicated to a day in the life of a Filipino migrant worker. The work was premiered at the Freer Gallery of Art of the Smithsonian Institution in conjunction with the first Filipino photography exhibit by Ricardo Alvarado. Recorded on Tzadik Records and performed by Jennifer Choi (violin), Craig Taborn (piano), Wadada Leo Smith (trumpet) and Ibarra (drums and percussion).

In 2006 Ibarra released, Dialects by Electric Kulintang on Plastic Records, a duo collaboration with Roberto Juan Rodriguez with compositions featuring electronics, kulintang gongs, percussion, drums and field recordings.

In 2007, American Composers Orchestra commissioned Pintados Dream/The Painted’s Dream, a drum concerto with Ibarra soloing, a chamber orchestra and visual art by Makoto Fujimura which world premiered at Carnegie Zankel Hall in October of that year.

In February 2007 she composed for a commission by Ars Nova Workshop in Philadelphia, Kit: Music for Four Pianists, eight-hand piano, in an evening work of Ibarra's percussion music.

Also in 2007, her solo CD, Drum Sketches, was commissioned by The Brecht Forum and American Composers Forum on Innova Recordings. These solo pieces are performed and recorded by Ibarra on drum kit, sarunay and kulintang (Philippine xylophone and eight rowed gongs), also including field recordings. They are sonic sketches of Ibarra's sound that include both traditional and avant-garde musical idioms.

In August 2008, MoMa Summergarden and Jazz at Lincoln Center commissioned Ibarra for a premiere of Summer Fantasy and Folklore at the MoMa Summergarden. Ibarra premiered the suite inspired by summers in Houston, New York and Manila with the debut of her quartet featuring Jennifer Choi (violin), Kathleen Supove (piano), Bridget Kibbey (harp) and Susie Ibarra (drumset and percussion).

Also in 2008, Ibarra composed and recorded the music for video installation art, Madre Selva: Homage to Ana Mendieta, created by Visual Artist and Guggenheim Fellow, Juan Sanchez for his exhibition at Lehigh University's Zoellner Arts Center, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The art work is a tribute to the late Cuban American sculptor, installation and performance artist, Ana Mendieta.

In 2010 Music Theatre Group produced two residencies of Saturnalia, a new music theatre work, composed by Ibarra, written by Yusef Komunyakaa, directed by Daniel Fish and music directed by John diPinto. The new music work features 10 actor/singers, the Young Peoples Chorus of NYC, and a chamber ensemble. Saturnalia is a bicultural musical theatre work sung in English and Thai. The story is set in Thailand and portrays the illusion of Paradise that masks a psychological warfare in the minds of US soldiers, and business men and women enslaved in sex trafficking.

As leader

 * Breathing Together with One World Ensemble (Freedom Jazz 1997)
 * Drum Talk with Denis Charles (Wobbly Rail, 1998)
 * Radiance (Hopscotch, 1999)
 * Daedal with Derek Bailey (Incus, 1999)
 * Home Cookin'  with Assif Tsahar (Hopscotch, 1999)
 * Flower After Flower (Tzadik, 2000)
 * Songbird Suite (Tzadik, 2002)
 * Bids with Derek Bailey (Incus, 2002)
 * Passaggio with Sylvie Courvoisier, Joelle Leandre (Intakt, 2002)
 * Tone Time with Mark Dresser (Wobbly Rail, 2003)
 * 50 with Wadada Leo Smith, John Zorn (Tzadik, 2004)
 * Folkloriko (Tzadik, 2004)
 * Dialects as EK with Roberto Juan Rodriguez (Plastic, 2006)
 * Drum Sketches (Innova, 2007)
 * New Sanctuary Trio with Dave Douglas, Marc Ribot (Greenleaf, 2016)
 * Perception (Decibel Collective, 2018)
 * Talking Gong with Claire Chase, Alex Peh (New Focus Recordings, 2021)
 * Walking on Water with Makoto Fujimura (Culture Care, 2021)

With Mephista (Ibarra, Sylvie Courvoisier and Ikue Mori)
 * Black Narcissus (Tzadik, 2002)
 * Entomological Reflections (Tzadik, 2004)

As guest

 * Eugene Chadbourne, Pain Pen (Avant, 2000)
 * Dave Douglas, El Trilogy (BMG, 2001)
 * Lisle Ellis, Sucker Punch Requiem (Henceforth, 2008)
 * Dennis Gonzalez, Herido Live at St. James Cathedral Chicago (8th Harmonic Breakdown, 2001)
 * Ori Kaplan, Gongol (Knitting Factory, 2001)
 * Roberto Juan Rodriguez, El Danzon De Moises (Tzadik,2002)
 * Matthew Shipp, The Multiplication Table (hatOLOGY, 1998)

With John Lindberg
 * Ruminations Upon Ives and Gottschalk (Between the Lines, 2003)
 * Winter Birds (Between the Lines, 2004)

With William Parker
 * Flowers Grow in My Room (Centering, 1994)
 * Compassion Seizes Bed-Stuy (Homestead, 1996)
 * Sunrise in the Tone World (AUM Fidelity, 1997)
 * Mass for the Healing of the World (Black Saint, 2003)
 * The Peach Orchard (AUM Fidelity, 1998)
 * Posium Pendasem (FMP, 1999)

With Wadada Leo Smith
 * Lake Biwa (Tzadik, 2004)
 * Ten Freedom Summers (Cuneiform, 2012)

With Assif Tsahar
 * Shekhina (Eremite, 1996)
 * Ein Sof (Silkheart, 1997)
 * The Hollow World (Hopscotch, 1999)

With David S. Ware
 * Godspelized (DIW, 1996)
 * Wisdom of Uncertainty (AUM Fidelity, 1997)
 * Go See the World (Columbia, 1998)
 * Live in the World (Thirsty Ear, 2005)

With Yo La Tengo
 * And Then Nothing Turned Itself Inside-Out (Matador, 2000)
 * Saturday (Matador, 2000)
 * Nuclear War (Matador, 2002)

With John Zorn
 * Cobra: John Zorn's Game Pieces Volume 2 (Tzadik, 2002)
 * Voices in the Wilderness (Tzadik, 2003)
 * 50th Birthday Celebration Volume 8 (Tzadik, 2004)

title: Susie Ibarra


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1718 in music

The year 1718 in music involved some significant events.

Events

 * Antonio Vivaldi tours Italy.
 * Handel succeeds Johann Christoph Pepusch as Kapellmeister to the Duke of Chandos.
 * Johann Joachim Quantz settles in Dresden.
 * 14-year-old Carlos Seixas succeeds his father as organist at Coimbra Cathedral.

Classical music

 * Attilio Ariosti – Recueil de pièces
 * William Babell – The Harpsichord Master Improved
 * Johann Sebastian Bach
 * Lobet den Herrn, alle seine Heerscharen, BWV Anh.5
 * Herr Christ, der einge Gottessohn, BWV Anh.77
 * Der Himmel dacht auf Anhalts Ruhm und Glück, BWV 66a
 * Die Zeit, die Tag und Jahre macht, BWV 134a
 * Weichet nur, betrübte Schatten, BWV 202
 * Amore traditore, BWV 203
 * Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her, BWV 738
 * Violin Concerto in E major, BWV 1042
 * Concerto for 2 Violins in D minor, BWV 1043
 * Sinfonia in F major, BWV 1046a
 * Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F major, BWV 1047 (likely composed)
 * Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 in G major, BWV 1048
 * Orchestral Suite No. 1 in C major, BWV 1066
 * Antonio Caldara – Il martirio di San Terenziano
 * Pietro Castrucci – 12 Violin Sonatas, Op. 1
 * Francesco Bartolomeo Conti – Amore in Tessaglia
 * Jean-François Dandrieu – Les caractères de la guerre
 * Johann Ernst Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar – 6 Violin Concertos, Op. 1
 * Christoph Graupner – 8 Partitas
 * George Frideric Handel
 * Esther (oratorio) HWV 50a
 * Dolc' è pur d'amor l'affanno, HWV 109b
 * L'aure grate, il fresco rio, HWV 121a
 * As Pants the Hart, HWV 251b
 * Francesco Manfredini – 12 Concertos, Op. 3 (inc. No. 12 in C major "Christmas Pastorale")
 * Pierre Danican Philidor
 * 4 Suites, Op. 2
 * 3 Suites, Op. 3
 * Georg Philipp Telemann
 * 6 Suonatine per violino e cembalo (TWV 41)
 * 6 Trio Sonatas (TWV 42)
 * Concerto for 2 Recorders, TWV 52:a2
 * Antonio Vivaldi – Qual in pioggia dorata, RV 686
 * Giovanni Zamboni – Sonate d'intavolatura di leuto, Op. 1
 * Jan Dismas Zelenka
 * Capriccio in G major, ZWV 183
 * Capriccio in F major, ZWV 184
 * Collectaneorum Musicorum, Book II (compilation of Poglietti and Frescobaldi scores compiled during Zelenka's time in Vienna)

Opera

 * Toussaint Bertin de la Doué – Le Jugement de Paris
 * Antonio Maria Bononcini – Griselda
 * Giuseppe Antonio Brescianello – Tisbe, Premiered Jan. 26 in Stuttgart
 * Antonio Caldara – Ifigenia in Aulide
 * George Frideric Handel – Acis and Galatea HWV 49
 * Nicola Porpora – Berenice regina d'Egitto
 * Domenico Natale Sarro – Arsace
 * Alessandro Scarlatti
 * Cambise, R.356.64
 * Il trionfo dell'onore
 * Telemaco
 * Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel – Diomedes (inc. aria "Bist du bei mir", later arranged by J.S. Bach as BWV 508)
 * Antonio Vivaldi
 * Armida al campo d'Egitto, RV 699
 * Scanderbeg, RV 732
 * Tito Manlio, RV 738

Theoretical Writings

 * Jean-François Dandrieu – Principes de l'Acompagnement du Clavecin

Births

 * January 18 – Christoph Ludwig Fehre, organist and composer (died 1772)
 * April 14 – Emanuele Barbella, Italian composer and violinist (died 1777)
 * August 9 – Placidus von Camerloher, German composer (died 1782)
 * September 25 – Nicola Conforto, composer (died 1793)
 * November 8 – Joseph Aloys Schmittbaur, composer (died 1809)
 * November 21 – Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg, music critic and composer (died 1795)
 * date unknown
 * Wenzel Raimund Birck, composer (died 1763)
 * Mademoiselle Duval (nom de plume) (died c.1775)
 * Richard Mudge, composer (died 1763)
 * Giuseppe Scarlatti (or 1723), composer (died 1777)
 * December 3 – Richard Duke, violin maker (died 1783)

Deaths

 * February 27 – Václav Karel Holan Rovenský, composer (born 1644)
 * March – Richard Brind, organist and composer
 * March 13 – Friedrich Nicolaus Brauns, composer (born 1637)
 * April 1 – Johann Burchard Freystein, hymn writer (born 1671)
 * November 26 – Bernardo Sabadini, opera composer

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Bahuchara Mata

Bahuchara Mata (बहुचरा माता; બહુચર માતા) is a Hindu goddess of chastity and fertility in her maiden aspect, of the incarnation of the Hinglaj. The goddess grants favours, especially to male children, and cures diseases. Like other divinities in Gujarat and Rajasthan, Bahuchara is of Charan an origin. She is also considered the patroness of the hijra community. Her primary temple is located in Becharaji town in Mehsana district of Gujarat, India.

History and legends
Bahuchara was born in the Detha clan of Maru-Charanas in Ujala (Ujlan) village in present-day Jaisalmer district. Her father was Bapaldan Detha of Kharoda (Umerkot) while her mother Deval was from Ujlan. As per Gadhavi Samarthdan Mahiya, she lived around 1309 CE. Bahuchara was one of the eight sisters, thus named: Bahucarā, Būṭa, Balāla, Vīru, Hīru, Rāmeśvarī, Khetū, Pātū. Her mother Deval is herself considered a sagat and worshipped as a patron goddess by Detha Charanas and Sodha Rajputs.

Her father Bapaldan was a renowned poet who obtained a jagir in sasan in Saurashtra and founded Bapalka. After Deval's passing in Kharoda, he sent his servants to bring Bahuchara, But, and Balal. While on the way, their caravan was attacked by Bapiya, a koli bandit, at Shankhalpur or Shakatpur in the Chunval region. Enraged at the attack, Bahuchara and her sisters proceeded to commit trāgā, a Chāraṇa practice of suicide by ritual mutilation, and thus cursing Bapiya to lose his manhood and become a eunuch. Bapiya begged to be forgiven, but the curse called through trāgā could not be recalled. He went down on his knees and said beseechingly, "It was not my fault. I lived out of robbery, but I never targeted Brahman and Chāraṇa. I unfortunately happened to target Chāraṇa’s carriage without knowing it."

Showing mercy, Bahuchara ordered him to build a shrine to her and worship her at the place, and proclaimed if a "naturally emasculated man" wearing women's clothing worships her, then they would achieve her blessings and find a place in her abode after death. Bapiya built her shrine under a varakhada tree in Shankhalpur. Thus, Bahuchara came to be worshipped in the Chunwal town, now known as Becharaji; But Bhavani at Arnej, near Kot; and Balal Devi at Bakulkoo, near Sihor.

Temple ritualists
The ritual responsibilities at the shrine were divided among three groups, i.e. the Solanki Rajput landholders from the nearby village of Kalri, a Muslim group called the Kamalias, and the hijras (eunuchs) or Paviyas. A portion of the temple funds were distributed to these three types of traditional temple servants. Historically, a Rajput officiated over the rituals of the temple, whereafter in 1859, Sayajirao Gaekwad of Baroda appointed a southern Brahmin for the first time displacing the Rajput officiants. The primary followers of the goddess are traditionally Rajputs, Kolis, Charanas, Bhils, and Hijras. Bahuchara was the patron deity of Solanki rulers. Historically, animal sacrifices was performed at the shrine by Bhils, Kamaliyas, etc. The sacrifice held annually on Ashvin Vad 14 was described thus: "'The Kamalias used to bring the buffalo in front of the temple to a stone altar ... Kumkum was applied to the forehead of the sacrificial beast and it was worshipped with flowers. A white cloth was spread over the back of the beast and a garland of flowers from the angi of the goddess was put around its neck. A lamp filled from one of those burning day and night near the goddess was brought and placed on a stone in the chowk. The buffalo was then let loose and if it smelt the lamp, it was considered to be acceptable to the goddess, and was at once slain, if possible at one stroke of the sword by one of the Kolis of the temple villages. A blood-tipped flower was presented to the deity and the bystanders applied blood to their foreheads.'"

Solanki
The seventeenth century bhavai episodic text 'Becharaji vesha ' describes a legend. The story involves Solanki king of Kalri and the Cavada king of Patan who were close friends and who plan to have their children marry, but both end up having daughters. The Kalri king's daughter is not announced, and during the wedding, she runs away on her mare. She stopped by a pond and then took a dip, and by goddess Bahuchara’s blessing, was transformed into a man and was able to fulfill her marital and Rajput duties. This saved the Solankis of Kalri from humiliation and they become loyal devotees of the shrine.

Kamaliya
The Kamalias, dressed partly as women and partaking partly of Muslim life-rituals, were crucial to the service of the goddess. They would serve as musicians and servants to the goddess. They were also been seen as her staunchest servants. The group claims their right as caretakers of the Mother-Goddess at a temple. They were formerly renouncers and had an authorized position in the temple for revenue management. The exclusive right system called ijara continued until 1954 when it was abolished. Kamāliyas used to visit several villages once a year to receive part of the harvest.

Paviya (Hijras)
Paviya is Gujarati word for Hijras. The Bahucharā Mātā narrative explains the genesis of Bahucharā Mātā and hijras’ devotion. Becoming a hijra is a consequence of the curse of the Mother-Goddess. Candidates hoping to become hijras often appear at the temple and are recruited after discussions with senior members. The hijras continue to wear special outfits and are always present within the temple grounds. Although they are not officially recognized as priests at the temple, Hijras play an important role in passing on the grace or āśīrvād of Mother-Goddess at the temple.

Changes in Gaikwad rule
In 1721, Pilajirao Gaekwad conquered eastern Gujarat, including Baroda. The Gaekwads kept their territories after concluding a treaty with the East India Company. However, both before and after the Gaekwad conquest, local land control was in the hands of powerful landholders or garasiyas including Kolis, Solankis and Thakardas. The Gaekwads granted villages for shrine maintenance in the mid-eighteenth century. Manajirao built a temple in the 1770s after being cured by the goddess. Subsequently, the Gaekwads became closely involved in site administration. In 1859, Sayajirao Gaekwad of Baroda appointed a southern Brahmin, Narayanarao Madhav, to conduct temple rituals instead of a Rajput. This marked the first time Brahmins led the temple ritual. Six Brahmins served the goddess, and twenty one other temple servants of different castes were also retained.

While the main worshippers of goddess were non-Brahmin groups, literature used by the temple in modern times is mostly written by Brahmins. Their accounts show discomfort with historical shrine practices despite acknowledging its power. One such author wrote a history of Bahuchara in 1919, attempting to associate the goddess with the story of Krishna, citing a verse purportedly from the Bhagavata Purana to suggest that the goddess was the infant born to Yashoda who was exchanged for Krishna. He also asserted that mention of the goddess can be found in other texts such as the Devi Bhagavata and the Veda. However, he also relates that the first shrine on the site was built by local pastoralists:"Where Bahuchara’s temple now stands used to be a jungle, in which a mahant (religious mendicant or priest) lived. Cowherds (bharvad ane Rabario) grazed their cattle there. They would come to the mahant to smoke with him and sing songs praising the goddess (devi bhajano). They built a small brick temple there."The narrative of Bahucharā Mātā elucidates the genesis of Bahucharā Mātā and hijras’ devotion to her. Moreover, it explains that becoming a hijra is a consequence of the curse of the Mother-Goddess. This narrative is well-known among locals, but not among the temple administrators and official priests who are outsiders. They usually avoid mingling with locals, who lost hereditary authority over temple management.

Depiction and symbols
Bahuchara Mata is shown as a woman who carries a sword on her bottom left, a text of scriptures on her top left, the abhayamudra ("showering of blessings") on her bottom right, and a trident on her top right. She is seated on a rooster, which symbolizes innocence. This iconography symbolizes a balance between violence (sword), creation trinities (trishul), knowledge (Shri scripture), and blessing (abhay hasta mudra) in Bahuchara Mata's mythology. The sword signifies her self-sacrifice, the trishul represents the balance of creation principles, and the scripture reinforces her legitimacy in the Charana caste. Moreover, the pseudo-divine status of the Charana community meant that Bahuchara’s curse was legitimized by virtue of her being a Charani and not only, in fact, because she was a Goddess.

Temple
Bahucharaji Temple is located in Bahucharaji town in Mehsana district of Gujarat, India. It is 82 km from Ahmedabad and 35 km west of Mahesana. According to the Bombay Gazetteer, the original shrine was built by a king called Sankhal Raj in 1152 CE and the first surviving mention of the shrine was found in an inscription dating 1280 CE. No major changes were made in the temple architecture until the eighteenth century.

There are three shrines of the Goddess within the temple complex. The oldest part of the shrine complex termed 'Adyasthan' (the original site) is a small temple enclosing a sprawling, small-leafed varakhadi tree, believed to be the site where the goddess first appeared. Adjoining this is another small temple, the madhya sthan (second or intermediate place), which houses an incised plaque representing the goddess and has a locked silver door at its entrance. This part of the temple is believed to have been built by a Maratha named Fadnavis (or an official with that title) in the eighteenth century. In 1779 CE, Manajirao Gaekwad, the younger brother of the Maratha ruler of Baroda, built a third structure close to the original shrine after the goddess cured him of a tumor. The third is the main temple today and contains the Bala Yantra of quartz crystal representing the Goddess. Saint Kapildev and Kalari king Tejpal have also contributed to the construction and renovation of the temple. The temple complex is beautifully decorated with stone carvings and wall paintings. Though less well known outside of Gujarat and Rajasthan, the temple is considered a minor Shakti Peetha and every year about 1.5 million pilgrims visit this temple.

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Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter

The Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri; FSSP) is a traditionalist Catholic society of apostolic life for priests and seminarians. It is in communion with the Holy See. It was founded in 1988 by 12 former members of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) who left following the Écône consecrations, which resulted in the SSPX bishops being excommunicated by the Holy See.

Headquartered in Switzerland, the society maintains two international seminaries: the International Seminary of St. Peter in Wigratzbad-Opfenbach, Bavaria, Germany, and Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary in Denton, Nebraska, United States. The society is officially recognized by the Holy See and has 368 priests who celebrate the Tridentine Mass in locations in 147 worldwide dioceses.

Canonical status
According to canon law, the FSSP is a clerical society of apostolic life of pontifical rite. It is not, therefore, an institute of consecrated life and members take no religious vows, but are instead bound by the same general laws of celibacy and obedience as diocesan clergy and, in addition, swear an oath as members of the society. The fraternity's pontifical-rite status means that it has been established by the Pope and is answerable only to him in terms of its operation (through the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life; prior to January 17, 2019, through the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei), rather than to local bishops. A local bishop still governs the fraternity's work within his respective diocese. In this sense its organization and administrative reporting status are similar to those of religious orders of pontifical right (for example, the Jesuits or Dominicans).

Mission and charism
The FSSP consists of priests and seminarians who intend to pursue the goal of Christian perfection according to a specific charism, which is to offer the Mass and other sacraments according to the Roman Rite as it existed before the liturgical reforms that followed the Second Vatican Council. Thus, the fraternity uses the Roman Missal, the Roman Breviary, the Pontifical (Pontificale Romanum), and the Roman Ritual in use in 1962, the last editions before the revisions that followed the Council.

The 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum had authorized use of the 1962 Roman Missal by all Latin Church priests as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite without limit when celebrating Mass "without a congregation". Its use for Mass with a congregation was allowed with the permission of the priest in charge of a church for stable groups attached to this earlier form of the Roman Rite, provided that the priest using it was "qualified to do so and not juridically impeded" (as for instance by suspension). That was abrogated by the 2021 motu proprio Traditionis custodes that emphasized deference towards the Mass of Paul VI and added restrictions to which clergy could perform the Roman Rite according to the pre-Vatican II form.

On 4 February 2022, two priests of the fraternity were received by Pope Francis in private audience, who subsequently issued a decree confirming that the FSSP could continue to celebrate the traditional liturgy publicly in their own churches or oratories, or anywhere else with the consent of the local ordinary. The decree was dated 11 February 2022, the Feast of Our Lady of Lourdes and coincidentally the same day that the FSSP consecrated themselves to the Immaculate Heart of Mary after a nine-day novena. On 29 February 2024, the Superior General of the FSSP, Fr. Andrzej Komorowski, was received in private audience by Pope Francis, who assured them that the FSSP would continue to enjoy the right to celebrate the traditional liturgy.

Following from its charism, the fraternity's mission is twofold: to sanctify each priest through the exercise of his priestly function, and to deploy these priests to parishes. As such, they are to celebrate the sacraments, catechize, preach retreats, organize pilgrimages, and generally provide a full sacramental and cultural life for lay Catholics who are likewise drawn to the rituals of the 1962 missal. In order to help complete its mission, the fraternity has built its own seminaries with the goal of forming men to serve the fraternity.

Founding
"For the honour and glory of the holy Catholic Church, for the consolation of the much troubled faithful, and for the peace of their conscience, the undersigned, members until now of the Fraternity of Saint Pius X, declare with profound regret over the illicit consecration of bishops on 30 June [1988] that they have remained within the Catholic Church as pars sanior of this same Fraternity, and that they have but one desire: to be able to live as a religious society in this Church and place themselves at her service under the authority, of course, of the Roman Pontiff, her supreme head."

- From the Declaration of Intention by the Founders (2 July 1988)

The FSSP was established on July 18, 1988, at the Abbey of Hauterive, Switzerland, by twelve priests and twenty seminarians, led by Josef Bisig, all of whom had formerly belonged to Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre's Society of Saint Pius X; they were unwilling to follow that movement into what the Congregation for Bishops and Pope John Paul II declared to be a schismatic act and grounds for excommunication latae sententiae due to the consecration of four bishops without a papal mandate. Fr. Josef Bisig became the fraternity's first superior general.

Organization
, the fraternity included 569 members: 368 priests, 22 deacons, and 179 non-deacon seminarians in 146 dioceses spread among Australia, Austria, Benin, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Nigeria, New Zealand, Poland, Switzerland, the United States, and Vietnam. The fraternity's membership represents 35 nationalities, and the average age of its members is 39. , the lay Confraternity of Saint Peter had 9,546 members enrolled, who spiritually support the fraternity's charism.

Superiors general
The FSSP's current superior general is Fr. John Berg, who was elected to a third (non-consecutive) term as superior general on July 9, 2024. Former superiors general include:
 * Fr. Josef Bisig (1988–2000)
 * Fr. Arnaud Devillers (2000–2006)
 * Fr. John Berg (2006–2018, 2024–)
 * Fr. Andrzej Komorowski (2018–2024)

Provinces, districts and regions
The fraternity is divided into four districts:
 * German-speaking District, Superior: Fr. Stefan Dreher
 * French District, Superior: Fr. Benoît Paul-Joseph
 * North American Province, Provincial: Fr. William Lawrence
 * Oceania District, Superior: Fr. Michael McCaffrey

Educational institutions
The fraternity has two seminaries:
 * The International Seminary of St. Peter in Wigratzbad-Opfenbach, in the German state of Bavaria (Diocese of Augsburg), was established in 1988. It serves French and German-speaking seminarians. Its current rector is Fr. Vincent Ribeton.
 * Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary, in Denton, Nebraska, United States (Diocese of Lincoln), was established in 1994 and serves English-speaking seminarians. Its current rector is Fr. Josef Bisig.

Ezechiel House, a house of formation for first-year seminarians, exists in the city of Sydney, Australia. The Director of Ezechiel House is Fr. Duncan Wong.

In 2015, the fraternity established in Guadalajara, Mexico, Casa Cristo Rey, an apostolate which it plans to develop into a house of formation for first-year seminarians for native Spanish-speaking postulants. Presently, Casa Cristo Rey serves as a priestly discernment program for young men from Spain and Latin America. In 2016 Casa Cristo Rey opened the Junipero Serra Spanish Institute, a program offering six or eight weeks of Spanish immersion for priests and seminarians.

Until 2012, the fraternity also operated an American boarding school: St. Gregory's Academy in Elmhurst, Pennsylvania.

title: Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter


text:
Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger

Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger (28 November 1780, Schwedt – 20 October 1819, Berlin) was a German philosopher and academic. He is known as a theorist of Romanticism, and of irony.

Biography
Solger's extensive studies included attending Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling's Darstellung meines Systems der Philosophie [Presentation of My System of Philosophy] lectures at the University of Jena in 1800–01 and Johann Gottlieb Fichte's "Wissenschaftslehre" lectures in Berlin 1804. In 1811, Solger became professor of philosophy at the University of Berlin

Works

 * Des Sophokles Tragödien [Sophocles' Tragedies] (2 vols., 1808; 2d ed., 1824)
 * Erwin, Vier Gespräche über das Schöne und die Kunst [Erwin, or Four Dialogues on Beauty and Art] (2 vols., 1815) [A work on aesthetics, in which he took issue with August Wilhelm Schlegel, and which influenced both Hegel and Heinrich Heine.]
 * Philosophische Gespräche [Philosophical Dialogues] (1817)
 * Solger's nachgelassene Schriften und Briefwechsel [Posthumous writings and letters], edited by Tieck and Raumer (2 vols., 1826)
 * K. W. F. Solger’s Vorlesungen über Aesthetik [Lectures in Aesthetics], edited by Heyse (1829)

title: Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger