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Sam Uskiw

Samuel Uskiw (October 18, 1933 in East Selkirk, Manitoba – March 19, 2011 ) was a politician and political fundraiser in Manitoba, Canada. He was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1966 to 1986, and served as a cabinet minister in the governments of Edward Schreyer and Howard Pawley. Subsequently, he left the New Democrats and became a fundraiser for their leading rival, the Progressive Conservative Party.

After completing his education, Uskiw worked in Winnipeg briefly before moving to Ontario where he worked on a farm in Ingersoll and then worked for the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway. He returned to Manitoba in 1953, working as a potato farmer and meat cutter as well as selling insurance before entering political life, and served as a Junior President of the Manitoba Farmers Union in 1961-1962. He was also a school trustee from 1959 to 1965. In 1964, Uskiw married Olga Bilyk.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the provincial election of 1966, replacing Edward Schreyer (who had left for the House of Commons of Canada) in the rural riding of Brokenhead. He was easily re-elected in the redistributed riding of Lac Du Bonnet in the 1969 election, by which time Schreyer had returned to provincial politics to lead the NDP to its first-ever election victory. Uskiw supported Scheyer over Sidney Green in the leadership convention which preceded the election.

Uskiw served as Minister of Agriculture from July 15, 1969, to October 24, 1977, the entirety of Schreyer's tenure in office. He also served as Minister of Cooperative Development from May 6, 1971, to December 23, 1974. Some have argued that Schreyer tried to forestall Uskiw's leadership ambitions by keeping him in the same ministry for several years.

As Agriculture Minister, Uskiw was responsible for overseeing several initiatives and subsidy programs. He argued that rural taxation was disproportionately high, and favoured shifting education taxes from land to homeownership. He also brought forward legislation to provide for a publicly owned land system to relieve farmers of the burden of investment (this was an optional, not a mandatory program). Although the NDP made some minor rural gains in the 1973 election, however, the party's core support remained urban. Uskiw himself was easily re-elected in the 1973 election, and in the election of 1977, in which the Schreyer government lost power to the Tories under Sterling Lyon.

In early 1979, Uskiw supported Sidney Green's attempt to become the party's interim leader following Schreyer's resignation. He declined to run for the leadership himself later in the year, despite efforts by supporters such as Herb Schulz and Harry Shafransky to mobilize a candidacy. He also refused to endorse the successful campaign of Howard Pawley, despite the fact that he and Pawley had been allies in the Schreyer ministry. Uskiw was uncomfortable with the direction of the party under Pawley's leadership, particularly as regards its increased ties to the labour movement.

In 1981, there was considerable speculation that Uskiw would leave the NDP to join Green's new Progressive Party, thereby giving them official party status in the legislature. He ultimately refused, and claimed that he would try to change the NDP's policies from within. While he did not leave the NDP, he expressed his disapproval of the party's leftward turn under Pawley at several public forums.

Uskiw was re-elected in the election of 1981, in which the NDP under Pawley formed a majority government. He was named Minister of Government Services and Minister of Highways and Transportation on November 30, 1981. He was relieved of the former position on August 20, 1982, and of the latter on November 4, 1983, when he was appointed Minister of Business Development and Tourism with responsibility for the Manitoba Telephone System Act. Following another cabinet shuffle on January 30, 1985, he was named Minister of Natural Resources.

Uskiw did not run for re-election in 1986, and in fact supported the Progressive Conservative candidate in Lac Du Bonnet (who was defeated). He personally joined the Tories after the election, and soon became one of the party's leading consultants and financial contributors (There was a period when he may have been the party's largest personal donor). Uskiw also spoke at meetings of Green's Progressive Party, in which he argued that demands from the trade union movement had undermined his ministerial independence during the Pawley years.

After retiring from politics, he operated a consulting business. He did not seek a return to active politics after 1986. In the 1990s, he chaired a commission overseeing changes to the province's Personal Injury Protection Plan.

While in office, Uskiw supported the expansion of nuclear power in Manitoba.

Although he was no longer a member of the New Democratic Party at the time, Uskiw supported Edward Schreyer's bid to return to the Canadian House of Commons in the 2006 federal election

Uskiw died in hospital in Selkirk at the age of 77 after a lengthy battle with colon cancer.

title: Sam Uskiw


text:
Talk:Philip Don Estridge

Untitled
I go to Don Estridge High Tech Middle School=) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.172.134.214 (talk) 20:05, 21 December 2004

Father of IBM PC is Philip Donald Estridge.
As we know Philip Donald led development of the original IBM PC.he made history then so cherish his memory. 2603:9001:1B00:1018:A137:FD2E:17B5:958F (talk) 15:52, 26 March 2022 (UTC)

Computer 7
how did Philip Don Estridge got famous? 120.29.79.160 (talk) 12:50, 13 September 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Philip Don Estridge


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Beer stein

A beer stein, or simply stein, is either a traditional beer mug made out of stoneware or specifically an ornamental beer mug sold as a souvenir or collectible. An 1894 article on beer mugs in the American Vogue magazine that describes various types of steins stated: "And it is to this [i.e. German] nation that we owe Wagner's music and the apotheosis of the beer mug."

Such steins may be made out of stoneware, pewter, porcelain or even silver, wood or crystal glass; they may have open tops or hinged pewter lids with a thumb-lever. Steins usually come in sizes of a half litre or a full litre (or comparable historic sizes). Like decorative tankards, they are often decorated in a nostalgic manner with allusions to Germany.

Etymology
The English word is attested from 1855. It is borrowed from German Stein, which has – aside from its prevailing meaning "stone" – elder regional meanings "beer mug" and "beer measure of 1 litre or 2 Schoppen".

The word can be compared to Old English stæne "pitcher, jug".

The word Stein alone is not used any more to refer to a beverage container in standard German; rather, Krug, Humpen or, especially in Bavaria and Austria, Seidel are used. Oktoberfest usage is Maßkrug.

History
It is believed by some that the hinged lid was implemented during the age of the Black Plague to prevent diseased flies from getting into the beer. This is unlikely to be true, as contemporaries did not know fleas spread the disease. Instead, the prevailing belief was that it was spread through dangerous “miasmas”.

The advantage in using stoneware to make steins was that molds could be used to mass-produce elaborately carved steins. In using glass, not only could one produce multiple glass mugs, but an artistic touch could add to the glass by including acid etchings, glass staining, or even multicolored overlays. Porcelain's advantage was that a stein fabricator could use molds to make "character steins", steins that had a particular shape modeled after an item or collecting antique and replicated beer steins became a very popular hobby not only among individual people, but in museums as well. Production of beer steins has become substantial in America, but the largest producer of beer steins is Ceramarte of Brazil.

The most traditional area of beer stein production is the Kannenbäckerland in the Westerwald region in Germany. This unique German potters region has been creating beer steins for centuries and is famous among the collectors as the original German beer stein producer.

Material
Beer steins were made primarily with pewter in many areas across Europe (primarily in England), but many steins were known to be made of glass, porcelain, and silver as well. Steins have also been known to have been made out of wood, earthenware, and crystal.

Ordinary German beer mugs have been made out of glass for hygienic reasons since the introduction of glass mugs to the 1892 Oktoberfest. Modern beer mugs, except again decorative or luxury versions, do not have a lid.

Beer mugs (0.5 and 1 litre) are typical for beer gardens and especially the Oktoberfest, where they are popular for their robustness. In other settings, 0.33 and 0.5 litre beer glasses are also popular.

Attempts to replace beer mugs made from glass or earthenware by ones made from plastic (for security reasons) have been variously met with protests, even burnings of mugs and were never successful in the long or even medium term in Germany.

The lid
The lids on beer mugs serve as a sanitary measure, especially to keep insects out of the beer. They are usually made out of pewter, and are usually equipped with a lever that is in reach of the thumb, so that it is possible to grab the mug and open and close the lid with a single hand.

These days beer mats are usually used to cover the glass or mug when required.

Other forms and synonyms

In German-speaking regions beer mugs may be known as:

 * Bierkrug ("beer mug")
 * Maßkrug or Maß (for a one-litre beer mug)
 * Humpen
 * Adlerhumpen, a tall drinking glass sometimes with covers enamelled with the double eagle of the Holy Roman Empire
 * Seidel or Seidla (Franconia, $1/2$ litre). The term Seide is also used by the Pennsylvania Dutch in the Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
 * Schoppen (Palatinate, $1/2$ litre)
 * Keferloher, the traditional (but non-embellished) stoneware beer mug, named after the village of Keferloh near Munich where they were originally produced

Considered collectible are traditional designs such as brewery emblems, Bavarian motifs such as Neuschwanstein or the Marienplatz Rathaus-Glockenspiel of Munich, and the colorful official annual Oktoberfest souvenir mug featuring the year's winning poster design.

The use of beer mugs is uncommon in most parts of Northern and Central Germany, and in these regions considered a Bavarian specialty.

title: Beer stein


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Eugen Bejinariu

Eugen Bejinariu (born 28 January 1959, Suceava, Suceava County, Romania) is a Romanian politician and member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD). He served as acting/ad interim Prime Minister of Romania between 21 and 28 December 2004, when former PSD Prime Minister Adrian Năstase, who had just been defeated in the 2004 presidential elections by Traian Băsescu (then PD candidate supported by the Justice and Truth Alliance, or DA for short, which also comprised the PNL), resigned and became President of the Chamber of Deputies.

Bejinariu was appointed as acting/ad interim Prime Minister at the request of resigning PSD Prime Minister, Adrian Năstase, and confirmed by the new president Traian Băsescu to hold the office until a new Prime Minister was named (which subsequently was in the person of Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu of the PNL). Bejinariu was the minister of government coordination in Năstase's cabinet, joining the government after a long stint as chairman of Romania's State Protocol Department (RAPPS). He was replaced as Prime Minister on 28 December 2004 by national liberal Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu.

title: Eugen Bejinariu


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dog House Boxing

Dog House Boxing
I can't get Alexa ratings since switching to Firefox, but only 637 google hits for "Doghouse boxing". Doesn't seem notable. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 01:06, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. non-notable.   (Meelar, check out the "SearchStatus" extension to Firefox.)  -Key45 01:25, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, spam. Dbenbenn 03:17, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete.  --fvw *  03:29, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * Delete as prank, spam and patent nonsense. Alphax (talk) 03:38, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Concur. Edeans 23:58, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, the PoV makes it spam in a can. Wyss 22:30, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)


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Virtual Pascal

Virtual Pascal is a freeware 32-bit Pascal programming language compiler, integrated development environment (IDE), and debugger for OS/2 and Microsoft Windows, with some limited Linux support. Virtual Pascal was developed by Vitaly Miryanov and later maintained by Allan Mertner.

Features
The compiler is compatible with Turbo Pascal, Borland Delphi, and Free Pascal, although language- and RTL-compatibility is limited for features introduced after Delphi v2 and FPC 1.0.x.

VP was mainly used for these purposes:
 * Easily port existing 16-bit Turbo Pascal programs to 32 bits
 * Port existing 16-bit Object Windows Library (OWL) programs to 32-bit Windows (in theory)
 * Write console (text-mode) programs for several platforms
 * Pascal development using the 32-bit Windows API (the classic development, no COM)
 * Learn object-oriented programming

Significant features of Virtual Pascal include:
 * Text-mode IDE
 * Debugger is integrated directly into the IDE and is reminiscent of Turbo Debugger
 * Fast compiling
 * Tool-chain written mostly in x86 assembly language

Microsoft Windows, OS/2
The compiler was quite popular in the Bulletin board system (BBS) scene, probably because of its OS/2 port and being one of the few affordable multi-target compilers. Also Turbo Pascal had been popular in the BBS scene too, but its successor, Delphi was suddenly for Windows only. Virtual Pascal provided a migration path for existing codebases.

There has been pressure from some users to license Virtual Pascal as open-source software. This has not been done, for these reasons:
 * The compiler source code is mostly written in x86 assembly language which is hard to change and maintain.
 * Part of the run-time library is proprietary to Borland (The Free Pascal run-time library was ported to VirtualPascal by Noah Silva, however newer versions of the Free Pascal RTL use features of the Free Pascal compiler which are unsupported by VirtualPascal, and so cannot be ported).
 * The patch/diff tool to work around the above (provide changes to proprietary without distributing parts of the original) was proprietary and (Windows) 16-bit only.
 * Documentation and help are maintained with expensive (and sometimes no longer available) proprietary tools
 * There is nobody who fully understands the code. Allan said that some of the deeper areas were no-touch for him (original code by Vitaly)

Although it had a wide user base in the late 1990s, VP has not evolved significantly since 2001, and after a few maintenance-only releases, the owner declared that development had ceased in 2005.

On 4 Apr 2005, Virtual Pascal was announced 'dead' on the official site. The last released version (2.1 Build 279) was announced on 13 May 2004.

Linux
An initial version was released on 4 July 1999, with the last known version released on 26 September 1999. This version was maintained by Jörg Pleumann. Run-Time Library to 32-bit DPMI.

title: Virtual Pascal


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Piranhas, Alagoas

Piranhas is a historic municipality near the western limit of the State of Alagoas, in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

Located on the banks of the São Francisco River, on the border with the State of Sergipe, Piranhas was founded in 1891 and originally named Floriano Peixoto (in honor of the Army General who was one of the founders of the Republic and was later elected President).

It was also known as Porto de Piranhas, because fishermen caught piranhas (a carnivorous predator fish) there.

History
The town was founded in 1891.

Its architecture is typical of late Empire, Northeast style of constructions.

In the 1930s, Piranhas was attacked several times by the cangaceiros, bands of marauders and bandits, commanded by the infamous Lampião, who frequently hid from the police in the rocky outcrops near the city.

Railway
Historically Piranhas was the upstream limit of navigation on the lower São Francisco River. Immediately upstream of Piranhas there were impassable rapids, and 60 km further upstream was the major falls at Paulo Afonso. Above those falls the São Francisco became navigable again for over 1500 km.

In 1881 Piranhas became the start of a railway line which was designed to bypass these obstacles to navigation. The line rose out of the deeply cut valley of the river and then, paralleling it at a distance of several kilometres, set off in a north-westerly direction, before rejoining it further upstream. The line passed through a series of small towns including Olho d'Água das Flores and Delmiro Gouveia, before reaching its destination at Petrolândia, on the banks of the upper São Francisco, and approximately 80 km upstream from Piranhas.

From 1881 to 1903 this railway was known as the Estrada de Ferro Paulo Afonso. After this date the line was incorporated successively in two other rail companies before closing finally in 1964. The line was never incorporated physically into any railway network, remaining a single, single track, line from beginning to end. Today the stretch of the abandoned trackbed, which climbs up the side of the valley from the centre of Piranhas, provides a walking route with views of São Francisco in the valley below and of the Xingó Dam hydroelectric installation, just upstream of the town.

Other transport
Today Piranhas can be reached by boat from several ports along the São Francisco, or by car, via a paved road from Maceió (AL-225).

Leisure
The municipality holds part of the 26736 ha Rio São Francisco Natural Monument, which protects the canyons of the São Francisco River between the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex and the Xingó Dam.

Water sports such as catamarans, sailboats and canoes are available at river beaches and lakes, as well tours along the São Francisco using typical paddle steamers (gaiolas). Several waterfalls, the river itself, the semi-arid and rough caatinga, strange rock formations, and its river gorges are visible.

Statistics

 * Population: 25,183 (2020)
 * Area: 407.65 km²
 * Elevation: 88 m
 * Distance from the capital (Maceió): 291 km
 * Climate: dry and hot, average annual temperature: 28 degrees Celsius
 * Economic activity: fishing, agriculture, cattle raising, ecotourism.

Notable people

 * Gilberto Oliveira Souza Júnior Football player

title: Piranhas, Alagoas


text:
Quinpool District

The Quinpool District refers to a commercial district of Halifax, Nova Scotia, encompassing the eastern portion of Quinpool Road as well as the streets directly north and south of it. Prominent landmarks on Quinpool Road include the Atlantica Hotel, the Oxford Theatre, and an eclectic variety of local businesses, including many popular Chinese and Greek restaurants.

Quinpool Road runs from the Armdale Rotary through Connaught Avenue, terminating at what is known as the Willow Tree, on Robie Street - an unusual five-way intersection named for the prominent tree that once grew in the median. The street is commercialised from Connaught Ave to the Willow Tree and comprises a popular shopping and dining centre for the local community. It is also part of the Nova Scotia provincial road system, meaning that the Province of Nova Scotia pays the Halifax Regional Municipality in part for snow clearing and maintenance.

While the street is an important commercial district in Halifax, it also forms a major boundary between the city's working class North End and wealthier South End, both physically and socially. Quinpool is also the heart of the city's middle class West End neighbourhood. The area was also home to two longtime rival high schools, Queen Elizabeth High School and St. Patrick's High School until their merger as Citadel High School in September 2007. St. Patrick's High School was since renamed the Quinpool Education Centre, and hosted a number of educational programs and social services. The city declared the school building surplus and it was demolished.

The name Quinpool dates from at least 1808 and is believed to come from an Irish widow named Quinn who lived by a stretch of water in the Northwest Arm known as 'Quinn's Pool'.

Notable places

 * Deadman's Island Park
 * Oxford Theatre (closed; converted into commercial use)
 * East Coast Bakery ("Bagel Bagel Bagel")
 * ProSkates
 * Dilly Dally Cafe
 * Ben's Bakery (closed, some buildings demolished)
 * Quinpool Centre
 * The Trail Shop (50+ year old outdoor store)
 * Saint Patrick's High School (demolished)
 * Atlantica Hotel
 * Queen Elizabeth High School (demolished)
 * Ardmore Tea Room
 * Shaar Shalom Synagogue

title: Quinpool District


text:
Talk:Bootylicious

Untitled
from VfD: By Alex

user {billc1028] as to the moderators decision to remove what i added as "completely off topic" i strongly disagree. it is a well known fact that tommy motolla changed the release date of this single with the specific purpose or preventing mariah from going to number one. it was evil and down right mean so if it's off topic to state that fact then the entire mariah part should be deleted. thank you  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Billc1028 (talk • contribs) 02:15, 14 August 2008 (UTC) Vfd'd but not listed by new user User:CPS. No opinion from me. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 01:13, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC) Oh, and one last thing before I leave. I won't be around to see the conclusion of the debate since I'm flying out to spend the holidays with my family on my vacation. I apologize for bringing this whole issue into the public, I should have just kept within IRC, but it was just too good to resist. In hindsight, I should have just waited for the result of the debate because I seem to have diverted the debate from the merits of the article. I should have learned by now not to butt in other people's debates unless I actually contribute to it. So, I'm sorry to Megan1967 if you're really a genuine user, only in your heart you would know. I'm sorry to Kappa for getting in the middle of your debate and any stress this has caused. I'm sorry to everyone who was irritated about my butting in and happy holidays. Also, to all those voting keep, you all really need to have some standard when deciding to keep non-notable songs such as this one, the fanboys/fangirls are having a great time filling Wikipedia with songs from their favorite bands & artists. So, go back to talking about the article if you want I'd like to see the end result of the vfd when I come back from my holiday vacation in the new year. Once again, happy holidays. Moce 09:13, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC) 151.203.196.127 21:14, 30 January 2006 (UTC)What is wrong with you people? Wikipedia is supposed to be a collection of all human knowledge. If people know stuff about the song "Bootylicious," there should be an article about it in which that information is contained. Where's the harm in having articles about all sorts of things? Geesh end moved discussion
 * Keep a notable hit single. I think User:CPS might have been influenced by an, um, "non-encyclopedic" definition that crept in. (disclaimer: I wrote most of the current content) Kappa 01:25, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Why don't we merge into Survivor (album)? Its not notable enough for its own article, but it is worthwhile information. Putting it into the album page makes sense to me, and if no one objects, I'll even do it. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 01:39, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. We shouldn't be in any rush to delete #1 hit songs. Kappa is right about past... issues with the article. Samaritan 02:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep or merge. ~ mlk ✉ ♬  02:39, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) ~
 * Delete. A non-notable song. It had little impact in changing the face of music. Iam 03:27, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * I think it's notability would come from being the first(?) #1 song where women openly exploit their bodies as sexual objects. Kappa 03:52, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. How are they the first? Were you not around when Madonna was singing in the early 80s? Megan1967 05:12, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok the first in a generation. Also I don't remember any songs where Madonna boasts about her sexy body, I might be wrong. Kappa 07:41, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Does it make it notable because they boast about their sexy body? What kind of opinionated gratuitous argument is that? Wikipedia is an encyclopaedia not a music magazine. Wikipedians have discussed this before and the general consensus was against adding individual songs to Wikipedia. That consensus unfortunately seems to have been stretched. Megan1967 23:31, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Commonly men sing about women's bodies and use that to objectify them and treat them as inferior. Conversely in this song, women are using their physical attributes to assert dominance and superiority. My opinion is that that makes it notable. Kappa 01:25, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * But because Destiny's Child sing about it that makes it okay to objectify women as sex objects when women know you dont need to show tits and arse on a music video to be accepted. Dominance and superiority ... let me guess you're a man right? Btw Bootylicious is co-written by a man, Rob Fusari. Nope I'm not convinced this song is anyway notable. I just think this entry is an excuse to justify sexploitation song under the subterfuge of notability and it aint notable at that. Megan1967 03:24, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think the "okayness" is relevant, so I'll drop that if you don't mind. Thank you for clarifying your thinking on notability. My impression is the opposite, that a song that is far more notable than many other songs with articles is being VfD'ed because it is regarded as offensive sexploitation. Kappa 04:46, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)~
 * Well there's the rub.. There are *many* songs that *dont* deserve their own articles, however trying to tell those few one-eyed fans that and its considered by them to be blasphemous. Because it just happens to be "Bootylicious" doesnt mean that it's been singled out. If the song is not notable it shouldnt be on wikipedia altogether period. Megan1967 02:58, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with redirect, I think. Alphax (talk) 03:40, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It just doesn't seem notable enough for its own article. -- CPS 04:00, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * But you are saying it's not notable enough to be explained anywhere in wikipedia, like the album page or the Destiny's Child page. Kappa 07:41, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Survivor (album). [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 05:04, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * An obvious keep. Everyking 05:20, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * "Why shouldn't every episode name in the list link to a separate page for each of those episodes, with links to reviews and trivia? Why shouldn't each of the 100+ poker games I describe have its own page with rules, strategy, and opinions? Hard disks are cheap." "I agree with this one completely." (w:Jimbo Wales (Wiki is not paper.)) --Samaritan 05:32, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC), voted already
 * Merge to Survivor with redirect. A great song that is synonymous with Destiny's Child. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 06:11, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect as appropriate. [[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 07:48, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge+Redirect  --fvw *  07:51, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * Keep. No other track on the Survivor page has that level of info. Deserves own page, as per Wiki is not paper. Dan100 09:34, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Conversely, the Survivor album page is just a stub and could use some fleshing out. It would be nice to merge them so that all the information is in one place.  --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 10:04, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * So add a little bit about the song to the album page, then. There's absolutely no reason why we shouldn't have a separate article on a popular song. We should aim to have both the album article and the song article packed with info. Everyking 11:15, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Bootylicious is just a stub but I was hoping more would be added. That's much less likely to happen if it's merged/redirected, I certainly wouldn't do it myself. Kappa 18:15, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge/redir. Breakouts should be of necessity only. Niteowlneils 17:31, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as notable cultural reference, even if it is gross. Wyss 22:28, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, this is important and deserving of inclusion in Wikipedia. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 23:56, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment to the admin who tallies the votes: Disregard User:Megan1967's votes.  It is a sockpuppet.  Currently, all it's contributions are to vfd pages, it's talk page, and to song lists.  Moce 06:48, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, not a sockpuppet. While Moce on the other hand has not contributed anything. Even their talk page and user pages are empty. Obviously the thing behind Moce is too gutless to criticise me in public and should therefore be moc(k)e(d)Megan1967 01:02, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Suspect sockpuppet Moce maybe user Kappa. I notice that on previous days prior to 23 Dec that Kappa was on roughly at the same time editing here. Megan1967 03:28, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I've confirmed it with a developer on IRC. The IP address matches with one of the removal of non-notable songs, and a message left on a previous vfd page that was considered no longer live. Moce 04:38, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Here's what I asked the developer to look at: and the developer came up with these:    Of course, you can run it through a developer again if you think there was bias in the testing.  And I certainly welcome you to ask a developer to see if I'm a sockpuppet of Kappa.  Moce 05:10, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes I would welcome that as well. Kappa 05:23, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The IP address is a publicly accessable one from a publicly accessable library lab. Anybody can log onto that IP address and edit. Since it is not a private address anybody can contribute from that address besides myself, so your excersise proves nothing. Besides which since you are a sockpuppet Noce your complaints should be dimissed. Megan1967 00:22, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, we just had a great time over in IRC over this. I asked the IRC denizens and the response was that we only have your word on whether or not that computer terminal is public or not.  Given the numerous similarities in rhetoric, topic interest, viewpoint, and time with the other user matched by the IP address by the developer, the admin can use their judgment whether or not to count your vote.  Anyways, if I had voted for this, my vote would have been delete on the grounds of non-notability.  So to the admin who tallies the votes, discount my vote. Moce 08:30, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If it's proven Moce is Kappa I would request to the admins that all votes by Moce and Kappa be declared null and void as its comments have done nothing but attack a genuine user such as myself. It is a common tactic on Votes for Deletion to accuse a person of being a sockpuppet. The fact that some is cowardly enough to hide behind a sockpuppet to attack me is pretty low thing to do. Megan1967 00:22, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * And furthermore there is a considerable number of edits made from that address and 99.99% are not my edits. I have no knowledge of the specific topics involved with those edits and I had nothing to do with them at all. Megan1967 01:39, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge&redir. Mikkalai 01:03, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. People please use your heads when you decide crap like this should be kept or merged.  All the delete votes are correct.  I've had to deal with it before, so I warn you not to repeat the mistakes of the past. I mean, come on, I actually had to go to a therapist to understand the insane results of Votes for deletion/867-5309/Jenny and Votes for deletion/La La.  Make wikipedia something to be proud of and not a public toilet.  The Crow 06:50, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Awful, but notable song. If it wasn't for this article I never would have known that Stevie Nicks was involved with this. Gamaliel 08:40, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm still exhausted from my last strenuous vfd experience, so I'll just say the song is notable. Angel Tiger 21:49, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've never heard of this song.  It has never been mentioned by any music authority as being notable.  I did a google search and only came up with results that used the "bootylicious" as a word describing Destiny's Child and not talking about the actual song itself.  If I were an admin, I'd delete this garbage to hell and beyond. Bonsai K 21:57, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. chocolateboy 22:06, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Expanded. Happy Holidays everyone :) Kappa 00:01, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Elf-friend 14:20, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comments/question: I give up on notability, it's way over my level for inclusion, and it seems to be way below other people's so no-one's mind is going to change. For people voting delete, I'd like to ask what if anything you would say about this song in the Destiny's Child article. As regards fanboys pushing their favorite bands, that could be avoided drawing a line using some objective criteria like sales or chart positions... BL sold an awful lot of copies. Kappa 17:33, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep that, it may be not the best song, but notable. Grue 20:16, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable enough. --Fibonacci 22:10, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep or merge & redirect. -Sean Curtin 00:04, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep -Ld | talk 21:40, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete The topic of the article itself doesn't seem worth an entry and nothing written in the incomplete and poorly-written article has served to change my mind. Certainly the energy spent on this vote could have been spent into turning the article into something more significant that might cause those of us who see it as non-notable to reconsider.
 * I'm sorry it's badly written. Regarding incompleteness, as I mentioned I'm hoping that someone more expert than me comes along. I think it's better than the original entry, which I was happy to try to cleanup because it seemed like a notable single in an under-represented genre. Kappa 01:20, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not so much that it's badly written, but that it hasn't really been written yet. This seems like a clear case where the song's significance should be clear and articulatable in a few years if it has had a lasting effect, at which point the article can be recreated by someone prepared to actually write the article.  Banking on that effect now isn't very encyclopedic, and I discourage use of the wikipedia to promote things whose significance has not yet come to pass.  If, however, someone were to write an article on the significance that the song has already had (which is by no means clear to me at this point), I would be happy to reconsider my position.

Fair use rationale for Image:Bootylicious CD Cover.jpg
Image:Bootylicious CD Cover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Issues, and cultural significance
Music video section is poorly written. Also this song had a significant impact in the crossover of black urban culture to the mainstream, (in terms of women's body imagery), and that needs addressing. Please don't bother to respond indicating how poor a song it is, that is irrelevant to its cultural significance. Centrepull (talk) 07:33, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Cultural significance section added. Centrepull (talk) 16:37, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

No Glee
Deleted sentence 'It was used in Glee.' It's not specific enough, and 'Glee' needs disambiguation. Could someone who knows the details please remedy? Centrepull (talk) 16:14, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

Beyonce says...
Deleted sentence 'In an interview, Beyonce claims that "bootylicious" is in the dictionary.' It is redundant as the previous sentence has a citation for the term entering the Oxford English Dictionary. This sentence has no reference as to in which interview Beyonce allegedly said this, and which dictionary she was referring to. Centrepull (talk) 08:04, 30 December 2009 (UTC)

Losing shape
Article is slowly being degraded by poor edits. Removed untrue statement that Snoop invented the term. Removed (true) information that Snoop used 'bootylicious' in 1992, as nobody is claiming that Beyonce Knowles/Destiny's Child first used the term. Removed (again) implication that Beyoncé Knowles caused the phrase to 'enter the dictionary' in 2004. OED acknowledged and defined the term online, but this resulted from the popularity of the song leading to its mainstream adoption, rather than because of personal actions.

Paragraph on Knowles writing the song contradicts later paragraph re Rob Fusari. Does anyone know who really was the main writer of this song?

Amazing how much poor grammar this article attracts. Centrepull (talk) 20:50, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

Term used early by Snoop, not coined
Removing the untrue and uncited 'Snoop invented the term 'bootylicious' claims again. Centrepull (talk) 09:35, 1 July 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Bootylicious


text:
Lesley Langley

Lesley Doreen Langley (born 26 March 1944 in Weymouth, Dorset, with the name Lesley Hill, which she changed to Leslie Langley to make it more artistic) is a British actress, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss World 1965 she previously was crowned Miss United Kingdom 1965. She became the third woman from her country to win the title, and the second Miss United Kingdom in a row, thus making the United Kingdom the second country to have back-to-back winners. Sweden was the first, winning the inaugural pageant in 1951 and the second pageant in 1952.

Career
Langley attended the Royal Merchant Navy School—now known as Reddam House, Berkshire—in the 1950s.

In the mid-1960s she played a small part as a member of an all-female team of pilots in the James Bond film Goldfinger as well as a Thal in the Doctor Who serial The Daleks.

She also became the front cover in 1967 on Weymouth's Official Holiday Guide, with photos inside.

Personal life
During her tenure Langley met and married jazz organist Alan Haven—known for his collaborations with John Barry in the James Bond films From Russia with Love and Goldfinger—and they had one daughter named Chloë. They divorced and Lesley later worked as a dental practice assistant.

title: Lesley Langley


text:
Iron(II,III) oxide

Iron(II,III) oxide, or black iron oxide, is the chemical compound with formula Fe3O4. It occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite. It is one of a number of iron oxides, the others being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare, and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) which also occurs naturally as the mineral hematite. It contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions and is sometimes formulated as FeO ∙ Fe2O3. This iron oxide is encountered in the laboratory as a black powder. It exhibits permanent magnetism and is ferrimagnetic, but is sometimes incorrectly described as ferromagnetic. Its most extensive use is as a black pigment (see: Mars Black). For this purpose, it is synthesized rather than being extracted from the naturally occurring mineral as the particle size and shape can be varied by the method of production.

Preparation
Heated iron metal interacts with steam to form iron oxide and hydrogen gas.

Under anaerobic conditions, ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)2) can be oxidized by water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen. This process is described by the Schikorr reaction:

This works because crystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) is thermodynamically more stable than amorphous ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)2 ).

The Massart method of preparation of magnetite as a ferrofluid, is convenient in the laboratory: mix iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide.

A more efficient method of preparing magnetite without troublesome residues of sodium, is to use ammonia to promote chemical co-precipitation from the iron chlorides: first mix solutions of 0.1 M FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O with vigorous stirring at about 2000 rpm. The molar ratio of the FeCl3:FeCl2 should be about 2:1. Heat the mix to 70 °C, then raise the speed of stirring to about 7500 rpm and quickly add a solution of NH4OH (10 volume %). A dark precipitate of nanoparticles of magnetite forms immediately.

In both methods, the precipitation reaction relies on rapid transformation of acidic iron ions into the spinel iron oxide structure at pH 10 or higher.

Controlling the formation of magnetite nanoparticles presents challenges: the reactions and phase transformations necessary for the creation of the magnetite spinel structure are complex. The subject is of practical importance because magnetite particles are of interest in bioscience applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which iron oxide magnetite nanoparticles potentially present a non-toxic alternative to the gadolinium-based contrast agents currently in use. However, difficulties in controlling the formation of the particles, still frustrate the preparation of superparamagnetic magnetite particles, that is to say: magnetite nanoparticles with a coercivity of 0 A/m, meaning that they completely lose their permanent magnetisation in the absence of an external magnetic field. The smallest values currently reported for nanosized magnetite particles is Hc = 8.5 A m−1, whereas the largest reported magnetization value is 87 Am2 kg−1 for synthetic magnetite.

Pigment quality Fe3O4, so called synthetic magnetite, can be prepared using processes that use industrial wastes, scrap iron or solutions containing iron salts (e.g. those produced as by-products in industrial processes such as the acid vat treatment (pickling) of steel):

 * Oxidation of Fe metal in the Laux process where nitrobenzene is treated with iron metal using FeCl2 as a catalyst to produce aniline:
 * C6H5NO2 + 3 Fe + 2 H2O  →   C6H5NH2 + Fe3O4

 * Oxidation of FeII compounds, e.g. the precipitation of iron(II) salts as hydroxides followed by oxidation by aeration where careful control of the pH determines the oxide produced.

Reduction of Fe2O3 with hydrogen:
 * 3Fe2O3 + H2 → 2Fe3O4 +H2O

Reduction of Fe2O3 with CO:
 * 3Fe2O3 + CO → 2Fe3O4 + CO2

Production of nano-particles can be performed chemically by taking for example mixtures of FeII and FeIII salts and mixing them with alkali to precipitate colloidal Fe3O4. The reaction conditions are critical to the process and determine the particle size.

Iron(II) carbonate can also be thermally decomposed into Iron(II,III):

 * 3FeCO3 → Fe3O4 + 2CO2 + CO

Reactions
Reduction of magnetite ore by CO in a blast furnace is used to produce iron as part of steel production process:

Controlled oxidation of Fe3O4 is used to produce brown pigment quality γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite):

More vigorous calcining (roasting in air) gives red pigment quality α-Fe2O3 (hematite):

Structure
Fe3O4 has a cubic inverse spinel group structure which consists of a cubic close packed array of oxide ions where all of the Fe2+ ions occupy half of the octahedral sites and the Fe3+ are split evenly across the remaining octahedral sites and the tetrahedral sites.

Both FeO and γ-Fe2O3 have a similar cubic close packed array of oxide ions and this accounts for the ready interchangeability between the three compounds on oxidation and reduction as these reactions entail a relatively small change to the overall structure. Fe3O4 samples can be non-stoichiometric.

The ferrimagnetism of Fe3O4 arises because the electron spins of the FeII and FeIII ions in the octahedral sites are coupled and the spins of the FeIII ions in the tetrahedral sites are coupled but anti-parallel to the former. The net effect is that the magnetic contributions of both sets are not balanced and there is a permanent magnetism.

In the molten state, experimentally constrained models show that the iron ions are coordinated to 5 oxygen ions on average. There is a distribution of coordination sites in the liquid state, with the majority of both FeII and FeIII being 5-coordinated to oxygen and minority populations of both 4- and 6-fold coordinated iron.

Properties

Fe3O4 is ferrimagnetic with a Curie temperature of 858 K. There is a phase transition at 120 K, called Verwey transition where there is a discontinuity in the structure, conductivity and magnetic properties. This effect has been extensively investigated and whilst various explanations have been proposed, it does not appear to be fully understood.

While it has much higher electrical resistivity than iron metal (96.1 nΩ m), Fe3O4's electrical resistivity (0.3 mΩ m ) is significantly lower than that of Fe2O3 (approx kΩ m). This is ascribed to electron exchange between the FeII and FeIII centres in Fe3O4.

Uses
Fe3O4 is used as a black pigment and is known as C.I pigment black 11 (C.I. No.77499) or Mars Black.

Fe3O4 is used as a catalyst in the Haber process and in the water-gas shift reaction. The latter uses an HTS (high temperature shift catalyst) of iron oxide stabilised by chromium oxide. This iron–chrome catalyst is reduced at reactor start up to generate Fe3O4 from α-Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 to CrO3.

Bluing is a passivation process that produces a layer of Fe3O4 on the surface of steel to protect it from rust. Along with sulfur and aluminium, it is an ingredient in steel-cutting thermite.

Medical uses
Nano particles of Fe3O4 are used as contrast agents in MRI scanning.

Ferumoxytol, sold under the brand names Feraheme and Rienso, is an intravenous Fe3O4 preparation for treatment of anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease. Ferumoxytol is manufactured and globally distributed by AMAG Pharmaceuticals.

Biological occurrence
Magnetite has been found as nano-crystals in magnetotactic bacteria (42–45 nm) and in the beak tissue of homing pigeons.

title: Iron(II,III) oxide


text:
Inboard brake

An inboard brake is an automobile technology wherein the disc brakes are mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, rather than directly on the wheel hubs. Its main advantages are twofold: a reduction in the unsprung weight of the wheel hubs, as this no longer includes the brake discs and calipers; and braking torque is applied directly to the chassis, rather than being transferred to it through the suspension arms.

Description
Inboard brakes are fitted to a driven axle of the car, as they require a drive shaft to link the wheel to the brake. Most have thus been used for rear-wheel drive cars, although four-wheel drive and some front-wheel drives have also used them. A rare few rear wheel drive racing cars (e.g., the Lotus 72) have also used inboard front discs, accepting the need to provide a front brake shaft to gain the overall unsprung weight and braking torque advantages.

Inboard brakes for early racing cars have rarely used drum brakes, although nearly all inboard brakes date from the disc brake era.

Excepting the case of vehicles with beam axles and vehicles having no suspension, in practice it is normal for inboard brakes to be mounted rigidly with respect to the body of the vehicle, often to the differential casing. This is done to move the weight of the braking mechanism from being carried by the wheels directly as unsprung mass, to being carried indirectly by the wheels via the suspension as sprung mass. This then necessitates a means of transferring braking torque from the brake mechanism to the wheel, which is capable of operating despite the relative movement between body and wheel. Driven wheels already have shafting (or chains in older vehicles) which serve this purpose so there is no penalty for them, but undriven wheels require a similar mechanism which is then called a brake shaft.

The benefit of such a system is primarily the reduction of unsprung weight which improves handling and ride. The suspension does not have to resist twisting when the brakes are applied. The wheels don't enclose the brake mechanism allowing greater flexibility in wheel offset, and placement of suspension members. It is also much easier to protect the brake mechanism from the outside environment, and protect it from water, dust, and oil. Of secondary importance is flexible brake pipes are avoided; rigid pipes allow increases in brake fluid pressure, allowing for a smaller disc to manage a given braking torque.

The mechanical disadvantages are largely those of added complexity. Undriven wheels require a brake shaft. Mounted inboard, it is more difficult to arrange for cooling air to flow over the rotor and air ducting can be required to prevent brake fade.

Inboard brakes also affect anti-pitch suspension geometry.

There can be practical difficulties in servicing the brake mechanism. Instead of simply removing a wheel to renew pads and discs, the vehicle may need to be jacked up, so a mechanic can work underneath the vehicle. Additionally renewing brake discs can require dismantling the half axle. This greatly discourages their use in motorsport, and the additional time makes for greater labour cost when servicing these parts.

This system was more common in the 1960s, found on such cars as the Jaguar E-Type and Citroën 2CV. The Hummer H1 is one of the few modern vehicles fitted with inboard brakes, to accommodate each wheel's portal gear system.

Hybrid electric vehicles may be considered to have partial inboard braking, because the motor–generator(s) used for the regenerative part of the braking are usually mounted inboard.

Examples
Cars with inboard brakes at the driven end include:
 * Alfa Romeo Alfasud, front wheels have inboard discs.
 * Alfa Romeo Alfetta, Alfetta GT/GTV, GTV6, Giulietta (116), 75 / Milano, 90, SZ/RZ
 * Audi 100
 * British Racing Motors: Some BRM racing cars had a single inboard disc brake, acting on both back wheels.
 * Citroën 2CV, DS, GS, SM, Ami, Dyane, Axel and other Citroën models
 * Cord L-29
 * Corvette Stingray (concept car) not really a concept but a racing model.
 * DKW Junior plus other models
 * Devin SS
 * Ferrari 312 Formula One car
 * Hummer H1
 * Jaguar E-Type, Jaguar XJ (until XJ40), Jaguar XJ-S, Jaguar Mark X
 * Lancia Aprilia, Aurelia
 * Lotus Twelve racing car, and most other racing Lotuses after.
 * Lotus Elite, Elan and Esprit
 * Maserati, Quattroporte II (AM123, 1974–1978)
 * Mercedes-Benz W196 and 300SLR
 * Monteverdi Hai 450 SS
 * NSU Ro80
 * Oltcit Club
 * Rover P6
 * Subaru G (FF1 had inboard drums front only)
 * TVR Tasmin
 * Volkswagen K70

title: Inboard brake


text:
User talk:DanielVonEhren

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title: User talk:DanielVonEhren


text: User talk:68.38.66.29

title: User talk:68.38.66.29


text:
Josef Skupa

Josef Skupa (16 January 1892 in Strakonice – 8 January 1957 in Prague) was a Czech puppeteer.

He studied at the Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague, and worked as stage designer in the Plzeň City Theatre, also as designer in Skoda Engineering Works.

In year 1919 and 1926, respectively, he created his most famous puppets: comical father Spejbl and his rascal son Hurvínek. In 1930 he set up the first modern professional puppet theatre. In 1933 he became the president of the International Puppetry Association UNIMA.

He was active freemason of masonic lodge Josef Dobrovský in Plzeň.

During the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia, Skupa performed satiric and allegorical puppet plays on hundreds of stages all over Czechoslovakia. After 1945, he moved his theatre to Prague. He was praised as an official "national artist" during the Communist regime but he was criticised for his lack of political engagement. Therefore, Skupa focused on plays for children, and mime with puppets for adults. He also performed abroad (Great Britain, Poland, France, Hungary, USSR).

His wife was a puppeteer Jiřina Skupová (born Schwarzová).

title: Josef Skupa


text:
Category:Nagasaki Prefecture

Nagasaki Prefecture (長崎県; Nagasaki-ken) is a prefecture located in the Kyūshū region on Kyūshū island, Japan. The capital is the city of Nagasaki.

title: Category:Nagasaki Prefecture


text:
Talk:Centaurea diffusa

This article needs major wikification, cutting and photos. I'll get to these when I can.

--Jprice 01:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The whole page reeks of copy'n'paste copyright violation to me, though I can't find the source. 99% of the text appeared in a single edit by a single contributor. As the whole is also way outside of wiki style I'd suggest getting rid of the lot and starting over. - MPF 23:50, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree it will be a lot of work. I'm presently wikifying allelopathy that I suspect was added by the same contributor.  However, as the information appears to be very detailed,  current, and well documented, I think we would be making a mistake to just delete it - Marshman 03:38, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Old Cleanup Archive

 * ''Taken from the old Cleanup entry…Archived by HopeSeekr of xMule (Talk) 15:35, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Diffuse knapweed - seems to have been adapted from a school essay; needs wikification, copy editing, pictures. Quercus 20:04, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Removed warnings
Hi guys,

I removed the warnings on this page, reorganized some paragraphs and did some mild wikification and cleanup (style alteration and added internal links).

Please contact me on my User talk:Splintax if you disagree with these alterations.. thanks!

splintax 14:19, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

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User talk:Jprice

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File permission problem with File:Coastalsagescrub,LAcounty,CA.jpg
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title: User talk:Jprice


text:
Doreen Dodick

Doreen Lois Dodick (born February 17, 1932) is a former politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was a New Democratic Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1981 to 1986.

She was born in 1932 in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, the daughter of Edward John Oehlerking and Ima Cathine Annable, was educated in Saskatchewan, and subsequently moved to Manitoba. In 1952, she married John Dodick. She worked as an organizer for the NDP before entering political life herself.

She was a candidate in the south Winnipeg riding of Riel in the provincial election of 1977, but lost to Tory incumbent Donald Craik by almost 4,000 votes. Four years later, in the provincial election of 1981, she defeated Craik by 242 votes in a rematch, as the NDP won a majority government under Howard Pawley. She was not appointed to cabinet.

In the 1986 election, Dodick lost to Tory challenger Gerry Ducharme by over 700 votes. She has not sought a return to provincial politics since this time. In the provincial election of 1999, she supported Linda Asper's campaign in the Riel riding.

In 2002, Dodick supported Bill Blaikie's bid to lead the federal New Democratic Party.

title: Doreen Dodick


text:
Imagine Entertainment

Imagine Entertainment, formerly Imagine Films Entertainment, also known simply as Imagine, is an American film and television production company founded in November 1985 by producer Brian Grazer and director Ron Howard.

Background
Brian Grazer and Ron Howard met in 1982 on Night Shift, with Howard directing and Grazer co-producing. They followed it up by working on 1984's Splash.

Imagine Films Entertainment
The company was originally founded in November 1985, following the success of the motion picture Splash. It was originated from a merger of two production companies, Ron Howard's Major H Productions and Brian Grazer's self-titled production company Brian Grazer Productions. The company went public the following year. At first, the company set a deal with Tri-Star Pictures to produce feature films and television shows. Imagine granted Tri-Star the right of first refusal to syndicate their off-network shows produced by Imagine. Its offering was sold to Allen & Co. for 1,667,000 units for common stock and warrant it to purchase additional one-third of its stock. The net proceeds were used for development and production of theatrical films, television series, mini-series and made for television movies, although "the company does not presently intend to develop game shows or daytime soap operas." Imagine however has its prospectus having negotiations with Paramount Television for a commitment with ABC for a half-hour pilot and five episodes based on the comedy film Gung Ho.

Later the same year, Imagine had a five-year deal with Showtime/The Movie Channel, Inc. and it was able to develop projects for the channels Showtime and The Movie Channel. The agreement would kick-off with 1989 pay television availabilities and include pay-per view exhibition rights to all Imagine-produced films and about 30 motion pictures and "an unspecified number of original products" are also covered by the agreement. "There was the option of developing "long-form dramas" or series as part of the original material to be developed and aired exclusively on Showtime, adding that it could also acquire the syndication rights to these films and original products.

In April 1987, producers Philip and Mary Ann Hobel had inked a pact with Imagine Films Entertainment to develop and produce theatrical fare for the company through Hobel Productions, and expected to serve as the eyes and ears of Imagine of New York, and will be backed by a development fund for the purchase of books, plays, scripts and ideas to be developed as film projects, and plans to do both comedy and drama projects with a concentration on contempo themes and issues through a first-look agreement.

On July 29, 1987, Tri-Star Pictures and Imagine Films Entertainment announced the termination of obligations by Imagine to offer Tri-Star distribution rights for all of its television programming and feature films. Imagine, which received more than $1.7 million from Tri-Star, made a $1.3 million payment to Tri-Star, the companies said and advances from Tri-Star were eliminated. The companies said they "intend[ed] to work together on a project-by-project basis" and that projects already in development were not affected. Imagine said the modified agreement "provide[d] it with the flexibility to pursue certain financing and distribution opportunities which were not anticipated when the companies entered the original agreement."

In November 1987, Imagine Films Entertainment announced its plans to move its financial and administrative activities from New York to Los Angeles, and Neil Braun, who was president and chief-executive officer of the company would not be part of the move, and instead would leave the company and is expected to reveal of his plans shortly and his personal commitments would keep him from making the shift, but he called the consolidation "the right decision for the company" while expressing his disappointment at not being able to stay on.

On December 1, 1987, the company sealed a production and distribution deal with Universal Pictures via a "long-term multiple picture agreement" that they distributed Imagine's films for three to five films a year and the agreement "contemplates the possibility" that Universal acquired a 20% share in Imagine and it ran through November 1992 for financing 50% of 30 films. Imagine had an IPO in 1986 at $8 for a package of one share and one warrant. Shares rose to $19.25 before falling in the stock market crash in 1987 to $2.25. In the summer of next year, Imagine struck a deal with MCA TV to handle distribution of its television material. MCA and Imagine had a joint television venture which MCA had the exclusive network and home video distribution rights. Imagine retained domestic distribution rights for now and was banking on those rights becoming more valuable in the future as its theatrical and television programs gained exposure. Imagine's television division focused on half-hour comedies, whereas MCA focused on one-hour programs for the networks.

In September 1988, Robert Harris who was employee of MCA, and president of Universal Television Group joined the company as president of motion pictures and television. Harris said the studio was also taking original feature cable projects with Showtime, HBO, TNT, USA and MTV Network (which includes Nickelodeon and VH-1, in addition to projects with on-air networks).

On May 29, 1989, Imagine and Central Independent Television signed a deal to make television films for the worldwide business. Under the deal, the new joint venture would produce between four and six television films and mini-series a year. MCA who owned about 20% of Imagine and had worldwide distribution rights to its television series as well as to its long-form programs on a project-by-project basis would also have first consideration on international distribution rights to the joint venture's programs. Imagine and Central retained rights in the United States and United Kingdom, respectively. The Imagine-Central joint venture was separate from MCA's own ongoing exploration of a joint venture with a European company for Europe-based long-form co-production. The company was in discussions with two or three potential partners, but a deal was not expected soon. Its projects required U.S. and UK presales to go forward, although the venture intended to seek U.S. buyers going beyond the three big commercial networks to include Fox, as well as cable networks TNT, USA Network, Showtime and HBO. The deal also allowed for theatrical distribution, although such co-productions were not in the planning.

Imagine and Second City signed a joint venture deal in May 1989. In September 1989, Imagine is entering syndication production business and signed a long-term co-production deal with Second City Entertainment, for a late night talk/comedy strip that was distributed by MCA TV. It used the ready talent pool of Second City comedians. The result was My Talk Show, which aired in the 1990–91 season. As HA!: The Comedy Network is ready to air in 1990, they stuck deals with Imagine Films Entertainment, for series featuring the Second City Repertory Company, as well as MTM Enterprises.

In 1990, Imagine Films Entertainment launched a brand new family film label Imagine Family Films, designed to compete with Disney for a family film audience, in order to produce G-rated and PG-rated feature films, and has plans to produce three family films per year, with an eye on the holiday release schedule. The first film planned to be developed for the branding was a remake of the 1963 family feature film Flipper, and an adaptation of the book series Curious George. Both MCA/Universal and Imagine agreed to an extension that Universal would handle theatrical distribution, network, foreign and home video rights, while Universal Studios Florida handled the theme park rights to the properties that were proposed by Imagine Family Films. The new Imagine Family Films banner was intended to model on the success of Disney, and decided to extend on the natural extension of the wholesome wide appeal fare the company has been using since its founding.

In 1991, Imagine Films Entertainment shut down its original Imagine Television division, and terminating its exclusive production partnership with MCA, Inc., and it laid off 30 of its 80 employees of its company. It came when the series My Talk Show, and Parenthood flopped. Andrew Suskind, Joyce Brotman, Todd Bergesen, Richard Pierson, Judy Ranam and Lisa Bloom left the company.

By May 1992, 48% of the stock was public traded and worth $9.375. The duo agreed to a new six-picture deal with Universal while concurrently offering $9 a share to buy the company's public outstanding share to start a new company with its assets. If not, they planned to leave the company at their contract expiration in November to start the new company anyway. Universal was providing the cash for a buyout of an equity stake in the new company. By January 21, 1993, it approved a $9 share offer made by its founders and co-chief executives, and IFE Acquisition Co. could render the offer for the deal.

Imagine Entertainment
In early 1997, Imagine Entertainment reopened its television division and signed a deal with Disney for the development of television series, which would expire at the end of 2000. Its film contract remained with Universal. It boosted up their access to Disney's television production slate. Imagine was exclusive for development and production of television projects, including half-hour comedy series, one-hour dramas, motion pictures for television and miniseries. They hired Tony Krantz to be co-chairman of its television division, and it shared a stake in the television division with its founders Brian Grazer and Ron Howard, while overseeing the television division's day-to-day operations.

In 2000, the partnership teamed up with 20th Century Fox Television for development of television series, an agreement which was set to expire at the end of 2016. In 2011, the company had three weak box office performers with The Dilemma, Cowboys & Aliens and Tower Heist. Because of their weak financial pact renewal with Universal in January 2012, Imagine laid off 5 employees, including production executive Jeremy Steckler. This also moved Imagine from exclusive to a first-look deal. By 2013, Imagine was considering other funding methods for the company's films including crowdfunding for a Friday Night Lights film.

In November 2013, Michael Rosenberg was promoted to co-chairman followed in December 2013, with Erica Huggins being promoted to his previous position as president. Industry insiders indicated in late January 2016 that a deal with Raine Group was in the works that would have Raine become a partner of the production company while contributing $100 million. The deal was then confirmed on February 8, 2016.

On April 5, 2017, Imagine signed a six-picture deal with Warner Bros. and Australian visual effects/animation studio Animal Logic to develop, finance, and produce six animated/live-action films. At the end of July 2017, the company struck a four-year first look co-financing and television production deal with CBS Corporation, which saw the former producing content for the company's CBS and Showtime television networks and CBS All Access SVOD streaming service. The agreement was reached by Grazer and CBS Corporation then-Chairman and then-CEO Les Moonves.

In February 2018, Imagine acquired a controlling stake in Jax Media. In November that same year, the company also acquired a stake in content studio Marginal Mediaworks founded by CEO Sanjay Sharma.

In June 2020, Imagine Entertainment made a substantial investment in Academy Award-winning filmmaker Alex Gibney's Jigsaw Productions. Gibney formed the New York-based Jigsaw in 2012, and directed and produced Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room, Taxi to the Dark Side, Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief, The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley, We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks, and Citizen K. More recently, the studio signed a first-look deal with Apple Originals.

In January 2023, Imagine Entertainment promoted Justin Wilkes to President of the company. Most recently, the company struck a first-look deal for feature films and documentaries with Amazon Studios.

Feature-film division
The feature-film division has participated in over sixty productions and is associated with Universal Pictures, which has distributed many of Imagine's productions, some with other studios. Erica Huggins was hired as senior vice president of motion picture production and was elevated to executive vice president in 2006, and later to co-president of production in 2010.

Television division
Its television division, Imagine Television Studios (formerly Imagine Television), was founded in November 1985 by Brian Grazer and Ron Howard, around the same time when the company was founded. It has participated in at least twenty productions and is associated with 20th Century Fox Television.

title: Imagine Entertainment