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Desaix

Desaix may refer to:

 * Louis Desaix (1768–1800), French general
 * FRENCH SHIP Tyrannicide, a French Navy 74-gun ship of the line launched in 1793, renamed Desaix in 1800, and wrecked in 1802
 * FRENCH CRUISER Desaix, a French Navy armored cruiser in commission from 1904 to 1921
 * GERMAN DESTROYER Z5 Paul Jacobi, a destroyer transferred to the French Navy as Desaix after World War II

title: Desaix


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Andrea Riccio

Andrea Riccio (c. 1470 – 1532) was an Italian sculptor and occasional architect, whose real name was Andrea Briosco, but is usually known by his sobriquet meaning "curly"; he is also known as Il Riccio and Andrea Crispus ("curly" in Latin). He is mainly known for small bronzes, often practical objects such as inkwells, door knockers or fire-dogs, exquisitely sculpted and decorated in a classicising Renaissance style.

He was born at Padua, and first trained as a goldsmith by his father, Ambrogio di Cristoforo Briosco. He later began to study bronze casting under Bartolomeo Bellano, a pupil of Donatello. As an architect, he is known for the church of Santa Giustina in his native city. His masterpieces are the bronze Paschal candelabrum in the choir in Basilica of Sant'Antonio at Padua (1515), and the two bronze reliefs (1507) of David dancing before the Ark and Judith and Holofernes in the same church. His bronze and marble tomb of the physician Girolamo della Torre in the church of San Fermo at Verona was beautifully decorated with reliefs, which were taken away by the French and are now in the Louvre. His smaller, easily transportable, works appealed to collectors across Europe. A bronze lamp made by Riccio was a longtime possession of the Rothschild family, and is now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Andrea Riccio


text: User talk:81.103.146.89

title: User talk:81.103.146.89


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Chen Sheng

Chen Sheng (died c. January 208 BC ), also known as Chen She ("She" being his courtesy name ), posthumously known as King Yin, was the leader of the Dazexiang Uprising, the first rebellion against the Qin Dynasty. It occurred during the reign of the Second Qin Emperor.

Life
Chen Sheng was born in Yangcheng (陽城; in present-day Fangcheng County, Henan). In August or September 209 BC, he was a military captain along with Wu Guang when the two of them were ordered to lead 900 soldiers to Yuyang (漁陽; southwest of present-day Miyun County, Beijing) to help defend the northern border against Xiongnu. Due to storms, it became clear that they could not get to Yuyang by the deadline, and according to law, if soldiers could not get to their posts on time, they would be executed. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, believing that they were doomed, led their soldiers to start a rebellion. They announced that Fusu, the crown prince of Qin, who had wrongly been forced to commit suicide, and Xiang Yan, a general of Chu, had not died and were joining their cause. They also declared the reestablishment of Chu.

Using 900 men to resist an empire seemed to be a suicidal move, but the people, who had felt deeply oppressed by the Qin regime, joined Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's cause quickly. More than 20,000 men joined. Soon, there were people asking Chen Sheng to declare himself "King of Chu". Acting against the advice of Zhang Er and Chen Yu, Chen Sheng declared himself "King of Rising Chu" (張楚王).

Chen Sheng, setting his capital at Chen County (陳縣; in present-day Huaiyang, Henan), then commissioned various generals to advance in all directions to conquer Qin territory. Among these were: Wu Guang, whom he created acting "King of Chu"; Zhou Wen (周文), whom he ordered to head west toward Qin proper; his friend Wu Chen (武臣), whom he ordered to head north toward the old territory of Zhao; Zhou Fu (周敷), whom he ordered to head northeast toward the old territory of Wei. However, none of these generals returned. After initial defeats Qin forces regrouped under general Zhang Han. Wu Guang was assassinated by generals under him; Zhou Wen was defeated by Qin forces; Wu Chen was initially successful but then declared himself the King of Zhao and became independent of Chu; and Zhou Fu supported a descendant of the royal house of Wei to be the King of Wei, also independent of Chu. A major reason why Wu Chen and the generals who assassinated Wu Guang broke away was that Chen Sheng was paranoid as a king: generals were executed at any sign of infidelity, even by rumours. Chen Sheng's ruthlessness and constant defeats in battle made it harder and harder for him to gather followers. Chen Sheng was greatly weakened, and as he suffered losses at the hands of the Qin army, he personally led a force to try to gather reinforcements, but he was assassinated by his guard Zhuang Jia in c. January 208 BC. He died just five months after his rebellion began. However, his act of defiance provided the spark of inspiration which eventually led to the fall of the Qin dynasty.

Legacy
Chen Sheng was often idealized by versions of history promulgated by Chinese historians as a great leader of the peasants against intolerable oppression of the Qin nobility and bourgeois. However, that perception is not reality. Chen Sheng's decisions, while motivated by his desire to overthrow Qin, were often driven by self-interest and an illusory sense of superiority; as a result he often failed to act on good advice. As the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang wrote in the Zizhi Tongjian:

"When Chen Sheng first became the King of Chu, his relatives and friends all arrived to join him, as did his father-in-law. But when his father-in-law arrived, Chen treated him as an ordinary guest and only made a slight bow and did not kneel to him. His father-in-law became angry and stated, 'You are leading a rebellion and falsely claiming the title of a king, but you are arrogant toward your elders: You surely cannot last.' He turned to leave without further discussion, and even though Chen knelt to ask for his forgiveness, he ignored Chen. Later, when there were more and more relatives and friends arriving, they were discussing the stories when Chen was young. Someone suggested, 'The old friends and guests of Your Royal Highness are foolish and often liked to talk in vain; they will damage your image and hurt your reputation.' Chen executed a good number of his old friends, and therefore his friends began to leave him and not follow him. Chen made Zhou Fang to be his examination minister and Hu Wu to be the head of his guard, to be in charge of intelligence and security. When the generals conquered cities and returned, the two of them often criticized and nit-picked on the commands issued by those generals or their acts; often, if they felt the commands or the acts were not lawful, they would arrest the generals. Chen considered those who are strict to be the most faithful ones. The ones that Chen did not like were either given over to courts martial or personally punished by him. The generals had no affection for Chen, and this led to his downfall."

While Chinese historians may quibble with Sima Guang's characterization of Chen, it appears to be quite correct. He claimed the title of king only months after the start of his rebellion, without a sufficient foundation. Once he did, he effectively became stuck in Chen County and could not firmly hold territories that were conquered, because the people in the territories did not view him with great affection.

According to Shiji, Chen Sheng was the person who coined the Chinese proverb, "How can a little songbird understand the ambitions of a grand swan!" (燕雀安知鴻鵠志), a saying that figures prominently in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

He sometimes appears as a door god in Chinese and Taoist temples, usually paired with Wu Guang.

The pattern of an impostor and his general, founded by Chen Sheng, was closely followed by Han Shantong and Liu Futong in the end of Yuan Dynasty.

title: Chen Sheng


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Eylau

Eylau can refer to:
 * Battle of Eylau during the Napoleonic Wars in 1807
 * Bagrationovsk (Preußisch Eylau) in Russia, until 1945 in East Prussia, Germany
 * Eylau, Texas
 * Iława (Deutsch Eylau) in Poland, until 1945 in West Prussia, Germany
 * French ship Eylau (1856)

title: Eylau


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Wu Guang

Wu Guang (, died December 209 BC or January 208 BC ) was a leader of the first rebellion against the Qin Dynasty during the reign of the Second Qin Emperor.

Life
Wu Guang was born in Yangxia (陽夏; present-day Taikang County, Zhoukou, Henan), and his courtesy name was Shu. In August or September 209 BC, he was a military captain along with Chen Sheng when the two of them were ordered to lead 900 soldiers to Yuyang (漁陽; southwest of present-day Miyun County, Beijing) to help defend the northern border against Xiongnu. Due to storms, it became clear that they could not get to Yuyang by the deadline, and according to law, if soldiers could not get to their posts on time, they would be executed. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, believing that they were doomed, led their soldiers to start a rebellion. They announced that Fusu, the crown prince of Qin, who had wrongly been forced to commit suicide, and Xiang Yan (項燕), a general of Chu, had not died and were joining their cause. They also declared the reestablishment of Chu.

Using 900 men to resist an empire seemed to be a suicidal move, but the people, who had felt deeply oppressed by the Qin regime, joined Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's cause quickly. Soon, there were people asking Chen Sheng to declare himself "King of Chu". Against the advice of Zhang Er and Chen Yu, Chen Sheng declared himself "King of Rising Chu" (張楚王).

After Chen Sheng set up his capital at Chen County (陳縣; in present-day Huaiyang, Henan), he appointed Wu Guang as acting-'King of Chu' and ordered Wu to head west toward Qin proper. Wu Guang's forces, however, became bogged down while laying siege to Xingyang (滎陽; northeast of present-day Xingyang, Henan). Wu Guang's generals became concerned that Qin reinforcements under Zhang Han would soon arrive and attack them on two sides. They wanted to change Wu Guang's plans, end the siege of Xingyang, and face Zhang Han's forces directly. Unconvinced that Wu Guang would change his plans, they assassinated Wu and took over the army.

Legacy
Wu Guang sometimes appears as a door god in Chinese and Taoist temples, usually partnered with Chen Sheng.

title: Wu Guang


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Secrets of the Neopian World

Secrets of the Neopian World
Fancruft. I don't think a list of "secrets" (They aren't, by the way, both of the so-called secrets on the page are well-known to your average user. I made a point of going to the site and asking.) from any game is worth making an article about. There's no point in just redirecting it, either, because who's realistically going to type that into our search engine? Maybe some secrets are worth noting on Neopets, but like I said, nothing on this page is actually a secret. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 23:41, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 23:54, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Doesn't belong in an encyclopedia, most likely belongs at some fansite, but not an encyclopedia. Wikipedia is not a web hosting service. Somebody in the WWW 01:26, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Apparently the author wants it speedy deleted, so I suppose we can just go ahead with that? Everyking 02:03, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Extremely minor trivia. We are not GameFAQs.  (And this would be like Diet of Hodge the cat for literary minutia equivalency.)  Geogre 02:06, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --fvw *  03:35, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)
 * Delete, but would someone please write Diet of Hodge the cat? Wyss 03:39, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and I'll write Diet of Hodge the cat. We need more felinecruft!  P Ingerson 07:20, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedily deleted. Don't disrupt Wikipedia to prove a point. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 07:23, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * This was speedy deleted by MacGyverMagic at 10:37, 17 Dec 2004 saying not an encyclopedia article, but a game guide. A review of the edit history showed that this was not a non-controversial deletion.  Restored to allow the VfD process to continue.  Delete (regular).  Rossami (talk) 22:18, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC) My temporary undeletion was out of order.  I was working off old data.  Apologies.  Rossami (talk)


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The Jazz Butcher

The Jazz Butcher was the alias of British singer/songwriter Pat Fish (20 December 1957 – 5 October 2021). It also served as the name of the band, though adjuncts were frequently used to distinguish between Fish’s persona and band itself (The Jazz Butcher Conspiracy or JBC, The Jazz Butcher Group, The Jazz Butcher and his Sikkorskis from Hell, The Jazz Butcher Quartet and The Jazz Butcher Quintet.)

The line-up of the band changed frequently throughout its history, with Pat Fish being the only constant. Notable members included band co-founder Max Eider (Peter Millson), David J.(Haskins), Owen P. Jones, Rolo McGinty, Alice Thompson, Paul Mulreany, Alex Green, Richard Formby, Kizzy O’Callaghan, Curtis E. Johnson and Peter Crouch.

Formation
The band was formed in Oxford in 1982 by Pat Fish and Max Eider. Having met at university, Fish and Eider had previously been in bands the Institution, along with Rolo McGinty (later of The Woodentops), and The Sonic Tonix (later The Tonix) with John Silver.

Upon the breakup of The Tonix, Fish moved to Northampton, a place he described as "seething with creativity, backed by a supportive local press". He began writing songs, and the first advertised Jazz Butcher performance took place at Merton College in Oxford, 20 February 1982. Both the name, and the gig itself was "perceived as a one-off laugh". Shortly thereafter, Fish reconnected with Eider, only to find that Eider’s playing style had changed to a "rich, clean, country soul sound with just a touch of Wes Montgomery", which complemented the kinds of songs Fish had been writing at that time.

Around this time, Fish began recording songs using an Amstrad 7090 audio cassette recorder. The purpose of the device was to dub the contents of one cassette to another, however, Fish discovered that the microphone channel remained open, so that he could add multiple parts with each pass.

These primitive “multi-track” recordings were enough to interest David Barker who invited Fish to record an album for his newly founded Glass Records label.

The Glass years (1982–1987)
In August / September 1982, Fish and several friends and collaborators began recording the first Jazz Butcher album at Starforce Studio in Clapham. Co-produced by Fish and Barker (under the pseudonym Lionel Brando,) contributors included Eider, McGinty, Silver, Alice Thompson, Ian Sturgess, Louis Leroi and engineer Martin K. Daley.

On November 1, 1982, Fish was approached to open for fellow Northampton band, Bauhaus. The whimsical nature of the Jazz Butcher band did not impress the headliner’s goth followers. "The massed audience listened politely, if disconcertingly quietly,” reported the Northampton Mercury and Herald. Fish was "pleased to survive the experience". Fish had assumed that Bauhaus drummer Kevin Haskins had arranged their spot on the bill, as Kevin and Fish were friends; only to find that it was Haskins’ brother David J. who had taken an interest in The Jazz Butcher.

In Bath of Bacon was released in March 1983. The album, according to Fish, was "the sound of a few mates failing to take seriously the fact they they've got an LP to make." A review in The Scotsman called Bath “quite good fun, if you don’t mind being used in someone else’s experiment.”

In early 1984, Fish and Thompson recorded a number of cover songs, mostly by Lou Reed, John Cale and Kevin Ayers in what would be known as the “Cak Bag” sessions. Many of these would go on to appear on Glass Record compilations and fan magazines throughout the year.

The summer of 1983 found Fish and Eider back in the studio with McGinty and Thompson (who had now formed The Woodentops), joined by Kevin Haskins on drums. The result was the single, “Southern Mark Smith.” The single gained some national recognition, having been played on “hit-maker” John Peel’s Radio show.

Glass also released two singles in 1984; "Marnie" and "Roadrunner" (Jonathan Richman). The b-side for "Roadrunner" featured the Max Eider song "D.R.I.N.K.", which would go on to be a fan favorite.

David J.'s friendship with Fish and continued interest in the Jazz Butcher group prompted discussions of J. producing the Butcher's next LP. However, the dissolution of Bauhaus corresponded with an opening in the bassist’s role. The line-up of Fish, Eider, Jones and David J. would be regarded as the first “official” line up, and remain so for much of 1984 into 1985.

Produced by John A. Rivers, A Scandal in Bohemia was released in November 1984. With the help of Rivers and J., the band improved upon their studio technique. Eider’s guitar style had also strengthened since Bath of Bacon, becoming less "ornamental" and more of an “essential element” to the Jazz Butcher’s sound of that time. The album shares its title with the first Sherlock Holmes short story, and features a memorable cover by comic artist Hunt Emerson. According to Fish, "We were young(ish) and cocky and I think it shows….Still, it was cheap and cheerful, and it helped us to meet an awful lot of people". The record ended up selling over 20,000 copies.

The cohesion of a "proper" band, David J's Bauhaus notoriety, and the success of Scandal led to a more ambitious touring schedule. 1985 was also a prolific time for the band in the studio, releasing the singles "Real Men", "The Human Jungle", as well as the live album Hamburg (credited to The Jazz Butcher and his Sikkorskis from Hell). Glass released The Gift of Music, which compiled many of the band’s singles and b-sides, including a re-recording of "Partytime," which was a staple of their live performances.

The Jazz Butcher also released Sex and Travel, again recorded with John A. Rivers as producer. "One day's rehearsal in Kevin Haskin's living room, five days' recording and two days' mixing was all it took for us to make my favourite of the Glass records,” said Fish in 1993.

In February 1985, David J left the band to form Love and Rockets, and Graham "Felix" Fudger was brought in as his replacement as the band continued with a tour schedule that was three times the year prior: 110 shows in 1985, as compared to 36 shows in 1984.

In 1986, the band released singles for "Hard", "Conspiracy", "Angels", and the fan club only release "Christmas with the Pygmies", as well as appearing on compilation albums, such as 50,000 Glass Fans Can’t Be Wrong (which also features solo songs by David J. and Max Eider). Bloody Nonsense, a compilation of b-sides was released in America and Canada, finding its way onto the college charts.

In May 1986, The Jazz Butcher returned to the studio with John A. Rivers to record their next LP, Distressed Gentlefolk. The extensive touring had honed the band’s skills, but according to Fish, they were also exhausted and went into the studio with “a scanty armful of tunes,” many ideas having already been released as singles. Rivers had embraced the digital revolution, which was reflected in the production. Fish and Eider had both been focused on their song writing, but their styles had begun to drift apart, with Fish leaning toward a heavier sound, and Eider maintaining a quieter, more jazz-influenced style.

Touring continued, including America and Canada for the first time in 1986. The popularity of the band was growing, but the effort was taking its toll. Fudger was replaced on bass by Richard Lohan, and Alex Green joined the band on saxophone. On November 22, 1986, after a show in Zurich, Switzerland, personal tensions, alcohol and exhaustion boiled over into a physical fight between Fish and Eider, resulting in the lead guitarist quitting the band. The tour continued without the lead guitarist and concluded on Fish's birthday, December 20. Shortly thereafter, Jones tenured his resignation.

Soon afterwards, Fish's contract with Glass Records expired but not before the release of Big Questions - The Gift of Music Volume 2, another compilation of singles and b-sides.

The success of Bloody Nonsense and Distressed Gentlefolk, especially in America, led Eider to sign as a solo artist to the Jazz Butcher’s US distributor, Big Time records. This proved unpropitious, as the record company folded shortly after having released Eider’s "Best Kisser in the World". The lack of funds for promotion doomed sales of Eider’s first solo effort.

Meanwhile, Fish and Alex Green were fulfilling touring obligations throughout Europe as a duo, at venues which were largely expecting a band. According to Fish, "For the most part, it was a matter of making the best of things and getting out alive".

Alan McGee, head of Creation Records was in attendance at the show in Paris on 10, February 1987. He’d specifically come with an offer to sign Fish, whose Glass contract was about to expire.

The Creation years (1988–1998)
“The Jazz Butcher is one of the most brilliant incisive pop writers that Britain has produced since the glory days of Ray Davies and Pete Townshend,” - Alan McGee, co-founder of Creation Records.

The deal with Creation offered Fish the opportunity to reform the Jazz Butcher outfit. Kizzy O’Callahan had served as a guitar tech during the previous incarnation of the band, and Fish was already familiar with his skill as a guitarist. On Alan McGee's recommendation, the rhythm section of Dave Goulding (bass) and Dave Morgan (drums) were borrowed from fellow Creation band the Weather Prophets as the band went in to record the next album. Alex Green on saxophone rounded out the core of the studio group, with other friends and musicians making contributions, including Sonic Boom of Spacemen 3, bassist Laurence O’Keefe and members of the Perfect Disaster. Pat considered shedding the "Jazz Butcher" moniker, wishing to put some distance between the new outfit and some of the sillier material of his Glass Records days. However, McGee insisted "...that's the one they all know, you've got to keep it."

Having felt that Distressed Gentlefolk suffered from over-production, Fish set out to make a record that had a more rough and straightforward sound. Longtime Jazz Butcher photographer, Mitch Jenkins, took the cover photo, which shows Fish and O’Callahan in front of London fish & chip shop Fishcotheque, which would provide the name of the new LP. Reviewers (particularly in the US) perceived it as a continuation of the smooth, jazz-influenced approach of his earlier efforts. Still, reviews for Fishcotheque were generally positive. 1988 also saw the release of the single and video for "Spooky", a cover of the Classics IV song.

In 1987, Fish married Barbara J Taylor in a small ceremony in Northamptonshire.

Paul Mulreany was added to the live lineup, and with Fish fronting a new band on a new label, the JBC spent most of 1988 touring Europe, the US and Canada.

For the next album, Big Planet Scarey Planet, Fish returned to producer John A. Rivers. After a year of touring, Fish reasoned "We'd hardened up a lot and figured we could now withstand the Rivers' treatment". The band wanted to make a rock record that reflected some of their influences of the time, such as hip-hop and proto-acid. "Consequently, there are some weird hybrids on the 'Big Planet' record," Fish recalled. The song "Line of Death", for example, incorporated middle eastern influence, disco, heavy metal and a nod to Ennio Morricone's ""The Good, the Bad and the Ugly". The artwork for Big Planet Scarey Planet and its single, "New Invention" was created by Pascal Legras. who would be responsible for much of the Jazz Butcher's cover art throughout the 90's.

Just prior to a nine-week tour of the US, Kizzy O'Callahan was admitted to the hospital, where he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. He was replaced by Richard Formby.

While in Los Angeles, the band was interviewed on Deirdre O'Donoghue's popular alternative rock show SNAP! on KCRW. While the band agreed they would perform only one or two songs, "...we get down there to KCRW and meet Deirdre O'Donoghue and she's a real fan and she kept winding us up," recounted Fish, "we ended up doing 12 or 13". Those live recordings would end up as the 4th disc of the box set Dr. Cholmondley Repents (2022).

The incarnation of the band that recorded Cult of the Basement had been together for some time and just finished a lengthy tour. Some songs which would appear on the album, such as "Girl Go" and "Mr. Odd" had been road-tested, others such as "She's on Drugs" and "Sister Death" existed in demo form, and much of the rest of the album was developed out of band improvisation. The result was an album that was more "sprawling" stylistically. Fish commented "I feel it's the first time we captured the true sound of the band". "She's on Drugs" enjoyed airplay on college radio, and a video for "Girl-Go" aired on MTV's alternative music showcase '120 minutes' in America''. "''Girl-Go", which makes musical and lyrical reference to The Perfect Disaster's "All the Stars", was released as a single. The b-side, "Excellent", would mark the last time O'Callahan would play with the band. He died of a brain tumor in 1993''. ''

1991 saw the release of the eponymous album by Black Eg. Credited to the fictional Von Dämmerung brothers, it was an album of ambient dance music built around synthesizers and samples. The Black Eg themselves made their live debut on 1 June 1994 at Soundshaft in London.

The band toured to promote Cult of the Basement, first in Europe, followed by a US tour with the Blue Aeroplanes, where they alternated as opener/headliner city by city. Upon returning home, Fish's marriage began to fall apart, eventually ending in divorce. Much of the next album, Condition Blue, would deal with darker subject matter; a reflection of Fish's own mental state at the time. According to Fish, "I'm still well pleased with it as a recording, and as a piece of writing about a tough subject. I mean, *I* hate "divorce rock" too."

The "Basement" incarnation of the band had gone their separate ways after the Blue Aeroplanes tour, so once again, Fish found himself re-building his band. The basic tracks were recorded by Fish, Mulreany on drums, Alex Lee on guitar and Joe Allen on Bass. A slew of contributors old and new came in to play on the record, including Formby, O'Keefe and Green; Glass era drummer Owen Jones; Peter Astor, Sumishta Brahm, and Peter Crouch among others. Two singles emerged from the album, "She's a Yo-Yo" and "Shirley Maclaine". On the US version of the CD, "She's a Yo-Yo" serves as the opening track, flip flopping the A and B side of the European release. This was a judgement on the part of the record company to lead with a "hit song." "It makes no sense at all," said Fish, "and I totally agree with the reviewers who say it (the album) peters out." The album was less whimsical than previous albums, containing more of the band's "art misery" songs. Overall, it was "warmly received by The Outside World," according to Fish, "less popular among those who counted themselves JBC aficionados."

Once again, Fish found himself needing to re-build the band. Peter Crouch, who had played on Condition Blue came on board as guitarist, with Dooj Wilkenson and Nick Burson on bass and drums. This third incarnation of the JBC toured the United States (which resulted in the live release, Western Family), and in January 1993 went chose Richard Formby's Woodhouse Studios to record what would become Waiting For the Love Bus." Whereas Fish went into the Condition Blue sessions with several demos and a long list of players, Love Bus saw Fish with very little material, and a small, but tight group of musicians. The result was an album with, according to Fish, "a clean, simple sound...that Condition Blue detractors might appreciate." Unlike its predecessor, most of whose tracks clocked in at over six minutes, Waiting For The Love Bus is composed mostly of short, straightforward pop tunes.

The rest of 1993 was spent briefly touring Europe and sporadic gigs closer to home. During this time, Peter Crouch left the band to be replaced by Curtis E. Johnson, and Nick Burson moved to Canada and was replaced on drums by Gabriel Turner. Guitarist Dave Henderson joined the lineup in 1994, as The Jazz Butcher Conspiracy went into the studio to record their 10th album, Illuminate. The intention of the band was to create a more "down to earth" album than its sprawling predecessors. Illuminate 's songs include punk rants against the Tory government, pop songs about dolphins, salutes to Brian Eno and Hammer Films, and imagines a utopian past, where dinosaurs rule a "world without people." The album was produced by David J., and released April 3, 1995, and produced one single, "Sixteen Years."

Meanwhile, the Creation label had gained the reputation for releasing many critically acclaimed albums, with very few being commercial hits. McGee sold half the company to Sony Music. Shortly thereafter, Creation signed the band Oasis, who became a huge critical and commercial success. Their second album, (What's the Story) Morning Glory? became the biggest selling British album of the decade. According to Fish, support from Sony/Creation began to wane; "Honestly, there wasn't enough time in the day to do anything other than handle Oasis business."

In the mid-90's, Pat and Max Eider had begun to mend fences, and July 1995 saw Max Eider opening for the JBC at a gig in London. He was brought onstage for an encore of "Zombie Love," marking the first time they'd played together since Eider left the group in 1986. Pat and Max soon found themselves playing together occasionally again as a duo.

Despite the reunion with his former partner, Fish felt the Jazz Butcher moniker was limiting his musical exploration. Seeking to create another vehicle for himself, he formed the band Sumosonic. This was a stylistic shift from the JBC, making use of samplers, synthesizers and sequencers. A single, "Come, Friendly Spacemen" was released in 1996, with the album "This is Sumo" appearing in 1998. Sumosonic was much more dance/techno driven, yet Fish's lyrics contained many of the hallmarks of the Jazz Butcher material. Sales of This is Sumo were dismal. Alan McGee had begun to see the result of operations being handled by Sony accountants and marketing managers, and how it was affecting less commercial artists on the Creation Label. Fish received a letter from Alan McGee suggesting a parting of ways, "We'd better jack it in before you get bitter," Fish recounts. By March, 1998, Fish was no longer signed to Creation. The next year, Creation ceased operations. Without the support of a label, Sumosonic ran its course, and played their final show in September 1998.

Rotten Soul (1999–2000)
In 1999, Pat received an invitation from Vinyl Japan to record an album for their label. The budget, according to Fish, was about 10% of what it cost to make Cult of the Basement. Former guitarist Peter Crouch had, at this time, been recording demos on a digital multi-track recorder. Fish thought this might be an effective means of recording an album within the budget parameters. This approach presented several limitations; most notably the use of MIDI drums, "the sound of which is not clever" according to Fish. Mixing the album was also challenging, as the home recorder lacked effects and nuance. The resulting album, Rotten Soul, was generally criticized for its poor production, though it was warmly embraced by the fans.

On September 9, 1999, Fish, Eider, Owen Jones, and David J. and Kevin Haskins performed at the Troubadour in Los Angeles. This was the first time the "original lineup" performed together since David J left the band in 1985. In 2000, Fish, Eider and Jones did a small tour of the US in support of the Rotten Soul album, with Steven D. Valentine on Bass.

Wilson (2001–2011)
Fish continued to seek a creative outlet outside of the Jazz Butcher, and in 2001 the group Wilson formed. Composed of members of Sumosonic, and other Northampton bands, Wilson expanded on the Sumosonic sound.

2002 marked the 20th anniversary of the JBC, which the band marked by playing a handful of gigs in Germany and Belgium.

In 2009, Wilson performed its last show before disbanding, which was recorded and released as No Known Predators on DVD. A one-off reunion show promoted the release of the DVD in 2012, and marked the last time Wilson would perform.

Last of the Gentleman Adventurers (2012–2013)
2012 marked the band's 30th anniversary. Fish and Eider decided to recognize the occasion with a new studio album, their first in over a decade. Not having the support of a record company, they decided to raise the funds themselves via PledgeMusic. Uncertain if they still had the fan support to raise the money, Fish was trepidatious as the fundraiser was launched. "By the time I went to bed that night," Fish recalled, "we were at something like 120 percent."

Last of the Gentleman Adventurers was recorded in August & September, 2012 at Richard Formby's studio in Leeds. Tim Harries and Jonny Mattock were brought in as the rhythm section, with Formby on guitar, and contributions from Owen Jones and Sonic Boom. Liner notes were provided by Fish's friend, author and fellow Northampton resident, Alan Moore.

The album sold its original pressing of 500, and another 500 were pressed. Around this time, Fire Records became interested, not only in the new album, but the Butcher's entire back catalogue. Fish had been given the rights to his albums by both David Barker and Alan McGee, and so a deal was made to sell the Glass and Creation albums, as well as Gentleman Adventurers to Fire Records.

Around this time, Fish began playing with Steve New and Steve Garofalo, and were soon joined by Simon Taylor on trumpet to form the Jazz Butcher Quartet. Eider joined the band for the occasional gig in support of Gentleman Adventurers, but ultimately decided to retire from live performance. His last appearance was August 21st, 2014 in Brixton.

In January 2016, Garofalo passed away. Outings for the quartet became fewer and far between, joined on drums by Dave Morgan and others.

Fire Records reissues, Live From Fishy Mansions (2017–2021)
2017 saw the first of the Fire Records reissues, with a four-disk box set titled The Wasted Years. This set, with extensive liner notes by Fish, contained the albums Bath of Bacon, A Scandal in Bohemia, Sex & Travel, and Distressed Gentlefolk. Each album was also released individually on vinyl.

in 2018, The Violent Years was released (not to be confused with the Creation-era compilation CD of the same name). This set contained the first four Creation releases: Fishcotheque, Big Planet Scarey Planet, Cult of the Basement, and Condition Blue.

In November 2018, Fish received a cancer diagnosis. He was given a treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and in June 2020 received a letter of remission.

His illness, followed by the pandemic, had largely prevented Fish from performing regularly. In July 2020 he began what would become a series of concerts from his living room, streamed live for fans around the world. "Live From Fishy Mansions" featured Fish solo performing old songs and new, covers and requests, and these performances would draw a couple hundred viewers from around the world, including fans, friends and former bandmates.

Death, The Highest in the Land (2021–2022)
On June 26, 2021, Fish and company went into the studio to record what would become The Highest in the Land. Contributors included Max Eider, Dave Morgan, Tim Harries, Stevie Gordon, Joe Woolley, Simon Taylor, and Peter Crouch. Lee Russell was brought on to produce.

On Sunday, October 3, Fish cancelled a scheduled "Fishy Mansions" show, citing exhaustion from a lack of sleep, possibly caused by sleep apnea. The session was rescheduled for the following Sunday. On Tuesday, October 5, 2021, Pat Fish suffered a heart attack and died in his home in Northampton. He was interred on November 4, 2021, at Olney Green Burial Ground.

Tapete released the song "Time" on October 9, 2021.

A third box set, Dr. Cholmonley Repents; A-Sides, B-Sides and Seasides was released on November 12, 2021. This set was a compilation of singles and b-sides, as well as a live in-studio broadcast recorded at KCRW on December 6, 1989.

The Highest in the Land was released on February 4, 2022.

Tributes
On November 27, 2021, at the Dublin Castle in London, a show that Fish had been scheduled to perform became a tribute show. Performers included Joe Turner, Tim Keegan, Peter Astor, Rolo McGinty, Bid of the Monochrome Set, Peter Crouch, Sumishta Brahm, and Dave Morgan.

In May 2022, Miracles and Wonders: A Meandering, Cacophonous Concordance of The Jazz Butcher Songbook by Pat Fish and Philip Snow was published. The book contains Fish's recollections of albums, songs and events spanning the Jazz Butcher's nearly 40 year history. Fish passed away shortly before the book's completion.

An alternate version of "Never Give Up" was released on Glass Modern on October 7, 2022.

Lyrical themes
Fish's study of (and affection for) the classics informs much of the Jazz Butcher Oeuvre. Literary references include Arthur Conan Doyle, Christopher Isherwood, John Keats, Flann O'Brien, Thomas Pynchon, Hans Stefan Santesson, St. Francis of Assisi, and The Book of Common Prayer among others. Fish was known for his fondness for animals, particularly cats, who appear often in his songs. There are many pop culture references found in the Jazz Butcher's music; TV shows such as The Human Jungle, movies such as Blood From the Mummy's Tomb, celebrities like Shirley MacLaine, Peter Lorre, and Edie Sedgewick, musicians Alice Cooper, Lionel Ritchie, Lemmy, David Bowie, Prince, Brian Wilson, and political figures Margaret Thatcher, Olaf Palme, Dan Quayle and Oliver North. Fish's love for the monster/horror genre (perhaps sparked by a family friend association with Hammer film director Terrence Fisher, who Fish referred to as "Uncle Terry") is evidenced in songs like "Zombie Love," "The Jazz Butcher Meets Count Dracula," "Panic in Room 109", and many others.

Albums

 * In Bath of Bacon (1983), Glass
 * A Scandal in Bohemia (1984), Glass
 * Sex and Travel (1985), Glass – UK Indie No. 25
 * Distressed Gentlefolk (1986), Glass – UK Indie No. 15
 * Fishcotheque (1988), Creation
 * Big Planet Scarey Planet (1989), Creation
 * Cult Of The Basement (1990), Creation
 * Black Eg (1991), Creation (under the name Black Eg)
 * Condition Blue (1991), Creation
 * Waiting for the Love Bus (1993), Creation
 * Illuminate (1995), Creation
 * Rotten Soul (2000), Vinyl Japan
 * Last of the Gentleman Adventurers (2012), (self-released)
 * The Highest in the Land (2022), Tapete

Singles

 * "Southern Mark Smith" (1983), Glass
 * "Marnie" (1984), Glass
 * "Roadrunner" (1984), Glass – UK Indie No. 50
 * "Zombie Love" (1984)
 * "Affection" (1984)
 * "Real Men" (1985), Glass – UK Indie No. 34
 * "The Human Jungle" (1985), Glass – UK Indie No. 27
 * "Christmas with the Pygmies" (1985)
 * "Leaving It Up to You" (1985)
 * "Hard" (1986), Glass – UK Indie No. 24
 * "Angels" (1986), Glass
 * "Peter Lorre" (1986)
 * "Spooky" (1988), Creation – UK Indie No. 19
 * "New Invention" (1989), Creation
 * "Girl Go" (1990), Creation
 * "We Love You" (1990), Creation
 * "She's a Yo-Yo" (1991), Skyclad
 * "Shirley MacLaine" (1991)
 * "Sweetwater" (1993)
 * "Vodka Girls" (1994)
 * "Sixteen Years" (1995), Creation
 * "All The Saints" (2016), Fire
 * "Never Give Up" (2022), Glass Modern

EPs

 * Conspiracy (1986), Glass – UK Indie No. 42
 * May I (1987)

Live

 * Hamburg (1985), Rebel
 * Western Family (1993), Creation
 * Glorious and Idiotic (2000), ROIR

Compilations

 * The Gift of Music (1985), Glass
 * Bloody Nonsense (1986), Big Time
 * Big Questions (Gift of Music, Vol. 2) (1987), Glass
 * Spooky (1988), Creation/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
 * Edward's Closet (1991), Creation
 * Unconditional (1992)
 * Draining the Glass (1996), Nectar
 * !Excellent! The Violent Years (1997)
 * Cake City (2001), Vinyl Japan
 * The Jazz Butcher's Free Lunch (2003)
 * The Wasted Years (2017), Fire Records
 * The Violent Years (2018), Fire Records
 * Dr Cholmondley Repents: A-sides, B-Sides and Seasides (2021), Fire Records

title: The Jazz Butcher


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jimmy Wilson Jr.

Jimmy_Wilson_Jr. was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Only describes a police officer who had been killed. Acting on suggestion at Deadend pages. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 23:42, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Gang shooting victims are not particularly notable. If you're going to make an article about somebody only known for their cause of death, it better be good, like being shot by aliens with laser guns on top of the Kremlin. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 02:03, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Victim of a crime. Alas, in the US such persons are altogether too common.  Geogre 02:10, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, sad, but not notable. --Spangineer ∞ 02:32, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain. Is there a place where I can check the news from that period to check notability? - Andre Engels 02:53, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, nn, there's something going on between the lines on this one. Wyss 03:35, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --fvw *  03:35, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)
 * Abstain. There might be something notable in the foundation founded after his death.
 * Would it make sense to have an article about the foundation, and describe Jimmy Wilson, Jr. there? If so, then create a Jimmy Wilson Jr. Foundation article and Merge.  If the Foundation hasn't done anything particularly noteworthy, then Delete.  Wikipedia is not a memorial, and unfortunately a police officer getting shot is not notable. --TenOfAllTrades 21:59, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a memorial.  Rossami (talk) 22:24, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Alexander Parkes

Alexander Parkes (29 December 1813 – 29 June 1890) was a metallurgist and inventor from Birmingham, England. He created Parkesine, the first man-made plastic.

Biography
The son of a manufacturer of brass locks, Parkes was apprenticed to Messenger and Sons, brass founders of Birmingham, before going to work for George and Henry Elkington, who patented the electroplating process. Parkes was put in charge of the casting department, and his attention soon began to focus on electroplating. Parkes took out his first patent (No. 8905) in 1841 on a process for electroplating delicate works of art. His improved method for electroplating fine and fragile objects, such as flowers, was granted a patent in 1843. The process involved electroplating an object previously dipped in a solution of phosphorus contained in bisulphide of carbon, and then in nitrate of silver. A spider's web, silver-plated according to this method, was presented to Prince Albert when he visited the Elkington works in 1844.

In total Parkes held at least 66 patents on processes and products, mostly related to electroplating and to development of plastics.

 * In 1846, he patented the cold cure process for vulcanizing rubber, called by Thomas Hancock "one of the most valuable and extraordinary discoveries of the age".
 * He pioneered the addition of small quantities of phosphorus to metals and alloys, and developed phosphor-bronze (patent 12325 of 1848, taken out jointly with his brother Henry Parkes).
 * In 1850, he developed and patented the Parkes process for economically desilvering lead, also patenting refinements to the process in 1851 and 1852.
 * In 1856, he patented Parkesine – the first thermoplastic –  a celluloid based on nitrocellulose treated with a variety of solvents. This material, exhibited at the 1862 London International Exhibition, anticipated many of the modern aesthetic and utility uses of plastics.
 * In 1866, he set up The Parkesine Company at Hackney Wick, London, for bulk low-cost production. It was not commercially successful, however, for Parkesine was expensive to produce, prone to cracking and highly flammable. The business closed in 1868.
 * Parkes' material was developed later in improved form as Xylonite by his associate Daniel Spill, who brought a patent infringement lawsuit – ultimately unsuccessful –  against John Wesley Hyatt, developer of celluloid in the US. In 1870, however, the judge ruled that Parkes was the true inventor, owing to his original experiments.

Personal and family details
Alexander Parkes was born at Suffolk Street, Birmingham, the fourth son of James Mears Parkes and his wife Kerenhappuch Childs. Samuel Harrison, described by Sir Josiah Mason as the inventor of the split-ring (or key-ring) and widely credited with the invention of the steel pen, was his great-uncle. Parkes was twice married. By his first marriage, to Jane Henshall Moore (1817–50), he had four sons and two daughters (the cricketer Howard Parkes was a grandson), and by his second marriage, to Mary Ann Roderick (1835–1919), four sons and seven daughters. The elder surviving son of his second marriage, Alexander Parkes junior, sometime President of the Association of Certified and Corporate Accountants, presented many original specimens of Parkesine to the Science Museum in 1937, the core of the museum's Parkesine collection.

Parkes' younger brother Henry (1824–1909), a trained chemist, who was married to Fanny Roderick (1837–97), a sister of Alexander's second wife, assisted him in many of his experiments during a collaboration lasting more than fifty years.

It is believed that the Parkes family descends from the Rev. Michael Parkes, Vicar of Penkridge, Staffordshire (died 1617), and had close connections with the metal-working towns of Wednesbury and Wolverhampton in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.

Legacy
Parkes is remembered in several locations:

 * The Plastics Historical Society placed a blue plaque on his home in Dulwich, London, in 2002;
 * The Birmingham Civic Society erected a blue plaque commemorating him in 2004 on the original Elkington Silver Electroplating Works (the old Science Museum), Newhall Street, Birmingham;
 * There is also a plaque on the wall of the site of the Parkesine Works.

In September 2005, Parkes was posthumously inducted into the American Plastics Academy's Hall of Fame. He is buried in West Norwood Cemetery, London, although his memorial was removed in the 1970s.

title: Alexander Parkes


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Karmel Games, Inc.

Karmel_Games%2C_Inc. was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Advertising. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 23:44, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Advertising. (Imagine that: their games focus on fun and entertainment.)  Geogre 02:12, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - ad. --Spangineer ∞ 02:31, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Company with only a single product for now. - Andre Engels 02:53, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy, spam. Wyss 03:33, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --fvw *  03:35, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)
 * Delete. Enough reasons above. jni 06:32, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ad. Delete. P Ingerson 07:29, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ad. utcursch 12:33, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User:Aranae

Pages I have started (anything linked)

 * Biology
 * incertae sedis
 * Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia
 * Mammal classification
 * Mammals of New England
 * Triconodonta
 * Repenomamus
 * Spalacotherioidea
 * Akidolestes
 * Eutheria
 * Cetartiodactyla
 * Perissodactyla
 * Tapirus kabomani
 * Rodentia
 * Template:Rodents
 * Hystricomorpha
 * Diatomyidae
 * Laotian Rock Rat
 * Diatomys
 * Hystricidae
 * Hystrix
 * Brush-tailed porcupine
 * Phiomorpha
 * Blesmol
 * Dassie Rat
 * Caviomorpha
 * Cavioidea
 * Caviinae
 * Hydrochoerinae
 * Kerodon
 * Erethizontoidea
 * Prehensile-tailed porcupine
 * Bristle-spined Porcupine
 * Chinchilloidea
 * Chinchillidae
 * Dinomyidae
 * Octodontoidea
 * Spiny rat
 * Isothrix
 * Giant hutia
 * Sciuromorpha
 * Mountain beaver
 * Sciuridae
 * Tree squirrel
 * Black-tailed Prairie Dog
 * Old World flying squirrel
 * New World flying squirrel
 * Gliridae
 * Forest dormouse
 * Castorimorpha
 * Castoridae
 * Geomyoidea
 * Geomyidae
 * Smooth-toothed pocket gopher
 * Mazama Pocket Gopher
 * Heteromyidae
 * Chaetodipus
 * Anomaluromorpha
 * Flying mouse
 * Myodonta
 * Dipodoidea
 * Allactaga
 * Muroidea
 * Platacanthomyidae
 * Spalacidae
 * Blind mole rat
 * Eumuroida
 * Nesomyidae
 * Dendromurinae
 * Dendromus
 * Dollman's Tree Mouse
 * Pouched rat
 * Giant pouched rat
 * Nesomyinae
 * Petromyscinae
 * White-tailed rat
 * Mouse-like hamster
 * Urar Mouse-like Hamster
 * Zagros Mountains Mouse-like Hamster
 * Cricetidae
 * Arvicolinae
 * Arvicola
 * True lemming
 * Cricetinae
 * Dwarf hamster
 * New World rats and mice
 * Tylomyinae
 * Neotominae
 * Chihuahuan Grasshopper Mouse
 * Peromyscus schmidlyi
 * Sigmodontinae
 * Oryzomys
 * Akodon philipmyersi
 * Muridae
 * Deomyinae
 * Brush-furred mouse
 * Rudd's Mouse
 * Togo Mouse
 * Gerbillinae
 * Great Gerbil
 * Meriones (genus)
 * Murinae
 * Chiruromys
 * Chrotomys
 * Rabbit rat
 * Shrewlike rat
 * Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera, Family Nymphalidae
 * Acraea
 * Astronomy
 * 3596 Meriones
 * Literature
 * Meriones (mythology)

Pages I have modified to some degree

 * Muroid rodents: Akodontini, Bamboo rat, Gerbil, Greater Long-tailed Hamster, Hamster, Hotson's Brush-tailed Mouse, Meriones unguiculatus, Mouse, Muroidea, Pack rat, Peromyscus, Pseudomys, Rat, Ratlike hamster, Rhizomyinae, Sigmodontinae, Southwestern Water Vole, Western Harvest Mouse, Zokor
 * Other rodents: Anomaluridae, Castorimorpha, Chinchilla rat, Myomorpha, Perognathus, Plains Pocket Mouse, Rodent, Sciuridae, Sciurognathi, Woolly Flying Squirrel
 * Other mammals: Fruitafossor, Ground sloth, Mammal
 * Other animals: Castorocauda
 * Other biology: D-loop replication,
 * Other: Browncoat, Fat Chicks in Party Hats, Seanbaby

Featured pages and honors

 * Shrewlike rat: featured as a Did you know: New article, 12 May 2007.
 * Mammals of New England: featured as a Did you know: New article, 26 February 2007.
 * Meriones (mythology): featured as a Did you know: New article, 3 December 2006.
 * Meriones (genus): featured as a Did you know: New article, 2 December 2006.
 * Mammal classification promoted to good article status, 23 March 2006.
 * Diatomyidae and Laotian Rock Rat on Main Page as current events, 10 March 2006.
 * Blesmol: featured as a Did you know: New article, 18 September, 2005.
 * Signpost article on Laotian Rock Rat, 30 March 2005.
 * Laotian Rock Rat: featured as a Did you know: New article, 25 April 2005.
 * Cetartiodactyla: featured as a Did you know: New article, 8 April 2005.
 * Repenomamus: featured as a Did you know: New article, 17 January 2005.
 * Murinae: featured as a Did you know: New article, 23 December 2004.

To do list

 * Cavioidea, Octodontoidea, Chinchilloidea, Thryonomyoidea, Aplodontoidea, Chapattimyidae, Ischyromyidae
 * Tachyoryctinae, Theridomyidae, Issiodoromyinae
 * Capromys, Caryomys, Clyomys, Cratogeomys, Delomys, Galea, Gerbilliscus, Handleyomys, Juliomys, Loxodontomys, Makalata, Megalomys, Mesocapromys, Micaelamys, Mysateles, Myotomys, Nectomys, Neodon, Nesoryzomys, Paramelomys, Petaurista, Plagiodontia, Rhagomys, Scapteromys, Scolomys, Sundamys, Thalpomys, Thrichomys, Zygodontomys,
 * Dipodomys heermanni, Peromyscus polionotus
 * Split Baiomyini, Delanymyinae, Nyctomyini, Pliomyini

title: User:Aranae


text:
Talk:Khwaja Mir Dard

Untitled
I know it is useful, but to have the original text in Devnagri is a little startling--or dare I say jarring. I doubt Dard ever wrote in that script. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 23:45, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

plagiarism
This article is pretty much entirely plagiarised from the biography of Khwaja Mir Dard in the book "Masterpieces of Urdu Ghazals: From the 17th to the 20th Century" by K.C. Kanda. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.246.164.160 (talk) 22:12, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Citations / my recent edits
Assalamu alaykum. I edit in good faith. I have no axe to grind against this man. I merely want to see the page become more neutral in tone and better referenced. Wikipedia requires citations to reliable, authoritative, and neutral third-party sources. Two good sets of Wikipedia guidelines that I have found really useful can be found HERE and HERE. Regards, George Custer's Sabre (talk) 03:10, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Khwaja Mir Dard


text:
Cape Terawhiti

Cape Terawhiti is the southwesternmost point of the North Island of New Zealand.

The cape is located 16 km to the west of Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand. Ohau Point, located on the northern tip of Cape Terawhiti and, along with Perano Head on Arapaoa Island in the Marlborough Sounds, marks the narrowest part of Cook Strait.

It is also the closest point in the North Island to the South Island, with West Head, at the mouth of the Tory Channel being only 28 km away (this point in the South Island lies to the northwest of Cape Terawhiti).

Cape Terawhiti, from which historic Terawhiti Station gets its name, came into being through a misconception of Captain Cook’s Tahitian interpreter, Tupaea. When, in 1769, Cook asked what the land in the east was, the local Maori replied simply, 'the east'. In fact Te Ra-whiti (The Rising Sun) is the general Maori term for the East Coast of the North Island. Omere is said to be the original name of Cape Terawhiti.

At the southern end of Cape Terawhiti is Oteranga Bay, the termination point for the inter-island Cook Strait power cable. The proper name for the bay is Oterongo.

The Maria, on its way from Lyttelton Harbour to Wellington, foundered at Cape Terawhiti on 23 July 1851, with the loss of 26 lives and 2 survivors. One of those drowned was the early Canterbury settler William Deans. Gold was found near Cape Terawhiti in 1862 and was mined for several years.

title: Cape Terawhiti


text:
User:Flamurai/Signature

flamuraiTM

title: User:Flamurai/Signature


text:
Tom Goes to the Mayor

Tom Goes to the Mayor is an American adult animated sitcom created by Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim for Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered on November 14, 2004 and ended on September 25, 2006 with a total of 30 episodes.

History
Tom Goes to the Mayor began as a web cartoon on timanderic.com. It was popular enough to get a web sequel, in which David Cross guest stars. Bob Odenkirk noticed the show's potential, and began producing it for Adult Swim.

Adult Swim has described Tom Goes to the Mayor as "one of the most polarizing shows" they have ever had, indicating that viewers "either love it or hate it."

Overview
Tom Peters (Tim Heidecker) has just moved to Jefferton, an unpleasant, rundown town filled with strip malls and buffets. Episodes usually focus on Tom going to the mayor (Eric Wareheim), hence the title of the show, with various ideas for business and civic endeavors, and the Mayor tweaks those ideas and causes them to backfire in horrible and destructive ways, leaving Tom to answer for them.

The show features a crude but distinctive limited animation style made by taking photos of the cast with different facial expressions and body language. The photos are then filtered using the "photocopy" image filter in Adobe Photoshop, resulting in the show's unique monochromatic blue and white images resembling Ditto machine copies. There are some live-action scenes, usually on a television set within the show.

Many characters, segments, and content from Tom Goes to the Mayor have resurfaced in Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, including the Channel 5 Married News Team, the Cinco Company, Gibbons, and even a live-action version of Tom Goes to the Mayor used as an opening for the episode "Pepperoni".

Characters

 * Tom Peters (Tim Heidecker) – Tom Peters (né Pickle) is a good-natured 32-year-old entrepreneur whose ideas are often turned into disasters due to continuous inept interference from the mayor. Tom comes across as weak-willed, timid and lacking in self-esteem, never calling out the mayor on his irrational behavior and allowing himself to be used and manipulated by everyone he comes into contact with. He is often taunted by his stepchildren (from wife Joy's previous marriage), not to mention the rants he receives from Joy. Tom has no apparent job (besides "local entrepreneur") and drives a Maluch that has severe emission problems. A common running gag on the show is that despite Tom's name being very simple, it is nearly always misspelled when written out, such as "Tom Petres", "Thom P. Tiers" and "Taumpy Tearrs." Another running gag to the show is Tom mispronouncing words; for example, when presenting his résumé to the Mayor, he pronounces it as "resume". He also never uses profanity and instead uses phrases like "shirt", "crickets", etc. – even going so far as to refer to a dam as a "darn". His first wife was a woman named Pat, who is now married to her husband Cal.
 * The Mayor (Eric Wareheim) – The Mayor is a superficially friendly yet childish and sadistic man who often spends his working days watching the TV in his office. He often uses a condescending tone when speaking to Tom. He usually gains control of Tom's suggestions for the community and twists them into embarrassing and bizarre situations. According to the Adult Swim website, he has served Jefferton for the past twelve years, due to family connections, low voter turnout, and a strange local law which gives the mayor thirteen-year terms of office. However, it is worth noting that the Mayor has been in office since the Pioneer Island Theme Park burned down "20 years ago." The Mayor is married and has three sons. Throughout the series, the Mayor has displayed traits such as stupidity, insanity, selfishness and even wickedness.
 * Joy Peters (Stephanie Courtney (voice), Michael Q. Schmidt (live action)) – Tom's obese, slovenly, greedy and mean wife. She is very domineering and arrogant towards Tom and is a selfish and uncaring mother to her sons. Although her master bed is large, she makes Tom sleep on a cot off to the side. She is often seen hogging their computer—which she uses to chat with strange men—to the point where it impedes Tom's business schemes. Joy is gluttonous and often seen messily gobbling food.
 * Tom's stepsons – Brandon, Brendon and Brindon are Joy's idiotic, destructive and deformed-looking children from her first marriage, who became Tom's stepsons. Renamed after a re-birthing process.
 * Jan Skylar (Tim Heidecker) & Wayne Skylar (Eric Wareheim) – "the only married news team in the tri-county area" are newscasters on Channel 5. After the series finished Jan and Wayne Skylar became recurring characters on Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! and Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule.
 * The City Council (Craig Anton & Ron Lynch) – Jefferton's city council, who often meet at Gulliver's Buffet. They try to be the voice of reason when the mayor presents them with insane and nonsensical plans, but they don't put up much of a fight due to their overall unenthusiasm.
 * Gibbons (Brian Posehn) – Tom's old "friend" from junior college, who suffers from a height disorder and speaks in monotone. Despite claiming to be friends, Tom will often uncharacteristically lose his patience with Gibbons and start to bully him.
 * Renee the Receptionist (Stephanie Courtney) – The Mayor's bored receptionist.
 * Bob Odenkirk often appears as various characters in many episodes, sometimes appearing in live-action instead of sketched.

International broadcast
In Canada, Tom Goes to the Mayor previously aired on Teletoon's Teletoon at Night block and later G4's Adult Digital Distraction block. The series currently airs on the Canadian version of Adult Swim.

Home media
On April 3, 2007 the entire series was released on DVD. In addition to being available on DVD, Tom Goes to the Mayor is also available on iTunes.

title: Tom Goes to the Mayor


text:
City Island (Daytona Beach)

City Island, Daytona Beach, Florida, United States, is an island in the Halifax River (a section of the Intracoastal Waterway) between mainland Florida and the barrier islands/outer banks. Buildings on the island include the Daytona Tortugas' Jackie Robinson Ballpark, the city's courthouse, and the main branch of the Volusia County Library.

Geology
The bedrock of City Island is part of the Anastasia Formation of interbedded sands and coquinoid limestones (known as Coquina), created during the late Pleistocene Epoch. On top of the bedrock are layers of river sediments, built up and deposited by the Halifax River. Channel dredgings in the last 100 years were also deposited on City Island.

Indigenous wildlife
City Island is an urbanized area, resembling any small Florida city. The animal life on the island are typical of such an environment: squirrels, rabbits, abundant Green and Brown Anole lizards, occasional raccoons and skunk, as well as a large population of doves and pigeons.

The real diversity of wildlife on and around City Island are birds, especially aquatic species. There are many varieties of duck; mallards, clue-winged teal, and cormorants. American white ibis are common, as are brown pelicans, snowy egrets, great blue herons, great white egrets, and several types of gull. An occasional bald eagle or red-shouldered hawk can be seen overhead.

title: City Island (Daytona Beach)


text: User:Flamurai/Sandbox

title: User:Flamurai/Sandbox


text:
Negative FX

Negative FX was a hardcore punk band from Boston, formed in 1981. Though the band lasted only a short time, playing a total of five shows (six flyers exist), the band was well known for their involvement in the local straight edge scene of the early 1980s. Along with members of the bands DYS and SS Decontrol (SSD), Negative FX was part of the "Boston Crew", a group of social friends who traveled around the country with SSD and other Boston hardcore bands.

Negative FX played fast and unmelodic hardcore punk that often featured shouted gang vocals on the songs' choruses, which was influential in the development of thrashcore. The band members consisted of Patrick Raftery on guitar, Rich Collins on bass, Dave Bass on drums, and high-profile vocalist Jack Kelly, who frequently went by the name of "Choke". Kelly went on to form the bands Last Rights and Slapshot.

Negative FX released only one self-titled album, which was recorded in April and November 1982 at Radiobeat Studios in Kenmore Square, but was not released until 1984 on Taang! Records. It was rereleased on blue, red, clear and amber vinyl (all limited to approximately 500) by Taang! in 1989. In 2002, Belgian label Reflex/Wolfpack Records reissued the album under the name Discography & Live with the addition of a live version of "Might Makes Right", on black (limited to 1400), pink (limited to 100) and yellow (limited to 100) vinyl. Distortions Records issued the Government War Plans EP in 2003, consisting of early demos.

Successful punk rock band NOFX's name is a reference to this band. Eric Melvin had listened to Negative FX's one studio album, and when trying to come up with a name for his new band with Fat Mike, he suggested the name "NO-FX". Fat Mike agreed on the name (later dropping the hyphen), noting that "it was the best one so far".

Studio albums

 * Negative FX (1984, Taang! Records)

EPs

 * Government War Plans EP (2003, Distortions Records)

Compilation albums

 * Discography & Live (2002, Reflex/Wolfpack Records)

title: Negative FX


text:
User:Japanese Searobin

Hello! see in other language.

ja:利用者:竹麦魚 no:Bruker:竹麦魚 sk:Redaktor:竹麦魚

title: User:Japanese Searobin


text:
Mancur Olson

Mancur Lloyd Olson Jr. (January 22, 1932 – February 19, 1998) was an American economist and political scientist who taught at the University of Maryland, College Park. His most influential contributions were to new institutional economics, and focused on the role played by private property, taxation, public goods, collective action, and contract rights in economic development.

Early life and education
Olson was born on January 22, 1932, in Grand Forks, North Dakota, to a family of Norwegian immigrants. He grew up on a farm near Buxton, North Dakota, next to the state border with Climax, Minnesota. Olson claimed that his given name, Mancur, was common throughout Scandinavian-immigrant communities in North America and was a variation of the Arabic name Mansoor.

Olson graduated from North Dakota State University in 1954, and was a Rhodes Scholar at University College, Oxford from 1954 to 1956, before earning a PhD in economics from Harvard in 1963. He also served in the U.S. Air Force for two years from 1961 to 1963.

Career
While serving in the U.S. Air Force, Olson became a lecturer in the Economics Department of the United States Air Force Academy from 1961 to 1963. He then became an assistant professor at Princeton University in 1963. Afterwards, he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare for two years in Washington, D.C. In 1969, he joined the economics department of the University of Maryland, College Park, where he remained until his death.

Family life and death
Olson married his wife, Alison, in 1959, and the couple had three children. At the time of his death, he was a resident of College Park, Maryland.

On February 19, 1998, Olson, then 66 years of age, suddenly collapsed outside his office after returning from lunch. He never regained consciousness and died on the same day. He and his infant son are buried in the cemetery of his childhood church, Grue Norwegian Lutheran, near his family’s farm and hometown of Buxton, Traill County, North Dakota. The cause of death was later determined to be a heart attack.

Academic work
In his first book, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (1965), he theorized that what stimulates people to act in groups is incentive; members of large groups do not act in accordance with a common interest unless motivated by personal gain (economic, social, etc.). While small groups can act on shared objectives, large groups will not work towards shared objectives unless their individual members are sufficiently motivated.

In 1982, he expanded the scope of his earlier work in an attempt to explain The Rise and Decline of Nations (1982). He argues that groups such as cotton farmers, steel producers, and labor unions have an incentive to form lobby groups and influence policies in their favor. These policies will tend to be protectionist, which will hurt economic growth; but because the benefits of such policies are concentrated, and their costs are diffused throughout the whole population, there will be little public resistance to them. As distributional coalitions accumulate, nations burdened by them will fall into economic decline. His work influenced the formulation of the Calmfors–Driffill hypothesis of collective bargaining.

In his final book, Power and Prosperity (2000), Olson distinguished between the economic effects of different types of government, in particular, tyranny, anarchy, and democracy. Olson argued that under anarchy, a "roving bandit" only has the incentive to steal and destroy, whilst a "stationary bandit"—a tyrant—has an incentive to encourage some degree of economic success as he expects to remain in power long enough to benefit from that success. A stationary bandit thereby begins to take on the governmental function of protecting citizens and their property against roving bandits. In the move from roving to stationary bandits, Olson sees the seeds of civilization, paving the way, eventually for democracy, which by giving power to those who align with the wishes of the population, improves incentives for good government. Olson's work on the roving vs. stationary bandits is influential in analysis of the political and economic order structured in warlord states and societies.

Policy work
To help bring his ideas to the attention of policymakers, Olson founded the Center for Institutional Reform in the Informal Sector ("IRIS Center"), funded by USAID (United States Agency for International Development). Based at the University of Maryland, the Center sought to supply an intellectual foundation for legal and economic reform projects carried out by USAID in formerly communist states that were attempting to make the transition to market-driven democratic governments governed by the rule of law. It was particularly active in East and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union.

The Center also became actively involved in projects in South America, Africa, and Asia, where it became a proponent of judicial independence. It sponsored the first conference on corruption in francophone Africa in the 1990s, when it was a very sensitive subject. The IRIS Center continued to operate after Olson's death, but was eventually folded into other programs at the University of Maryland.

To honor Olson's many contributions, the American Political Science Association established the Olson Award for the best PhD dissertation in Political Economy. In 2013 the University of Maryland announced the creation of a new endowed professorship—the Mancur Olson Professor of Economics. Maryland Professor of Economics Peter Murrell was the first Mancur Olson Professor.

Articles

 * (with Martin C. McGuire)
 * (with Martin C. McGuire)
 * (with Martin C. McGuire)

title: Mancur Olson


text:
Aven

Aven or AVEN may refer to:
 * Aven Financial Inc., venture backed technology company based in Silicon Valley
 * Aven, Papua New Guinea, a village in Morobe Province
 * Aven (river) in Brittany, France
 * Aven, a fictional bird race in Magic: The Gathering
 * Pitch (vertical space), in rock or ice climbing
 * Pyotr Aven, Russian businessman and politician
 * Asexual Visibility and Education Network, an Internet-based community to promote awareness of asexual orientation

title: Aven


text:
Marco Camenisch

Marco Camenisch (born 21 January 1952) is a Swiss anarchist and environmental activist.

Early life
Camenisch was born on January 21, 1952, in Campocologno, Switzerland and raised in a middle-class home in canton Graubünden.

Activism
In the late 1970s, Camenisch was involved in local opposition to the nuclear power industry. In Switzerland, as in other countries, the movement against nuclear power plants utilized tactics of direct action: cutting down electrical pylons, sabotage against power stations, and actions against leaders of the nuclear industry.

On Christmas eve of 1979, Camenisch with René Moser sabotaged a power station belonging to NOK (Nordostschweizer Kraftwerke) at Bad Ragaz, St. Gallen with explosives, destroying two transformers and a power pole. The pair were arrested for the sabotage in January 1980 and after spending a year free on bail, the court of Canton in Chur and Graubünden sentenced Camenisch to 10 years in prison.

Escape
In December 1981, he escaped from Regensdorf prison near Zürich, along with 5 other prisoners. During the melée a prison guard was shot and killed, and another was seriously injured. Camenisch claimed he hadn't been part of the group which committed the shootings. After the escape he spent 10 years in hiding.

In 1989, Swiss federal police and media claimed he was responsible for the killing of Swiss border police officer Kurt Moser at Brusio.

Arrest in Italy
On November 5, 1991, Camenisch was stopped by Carabinieri on Cinquale di Montignoso road, along with fellow anarchist Giancarlo Sergianpietri. Camenisch produced a handgun and opened fire, wounding one of the soldiers. In the ensuing shootout, he was wounded in one leg and arrested. Two guns and six rudimentary bombs were found at his place. He was taken to Pisa hospital, where he remained for six months, and later at San Vittore prison infirmary in Milan. The Italian Court of Massa Carrara sentenced him to 12 years for assault and sabotage of electrical pylons. He served 9 of those years while in solitary confinement in a maximum-security prison.

Extradition to Switzerland
In April 2002, Camenisch was extradited to Switzerland and transferred to a prison in Pfäffikon near Zürich. In January 2003, after a hunger strike against the conditions of imprisonment he was suffering, he was transferred to a prison in Chur with better conditions. In 2002 the Swiss government transferred him back to Pfäffikon. In July 2004 he was sentenced to seventeen years in prison for the murder of Kurt Moser.

In November 2006 the Federal Supreme Court nullified this sentence on the basis that the sum of the two prison terms would exceed the maximum of twenty years set by Swiss law. On 13 March the sentence was therefore reduced to eight years.

Camenisch has maintained his political beliefs during his time in prison, and he has remained a political activist.

He was freed from prison on 10 March 2017, after 26 years.

title: Marco Camenisch