text:
Navy Petty-Officers School

The Higher School of Mechanics of the Navy (Spanish: Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada, commonly referred to by its acronym ESMA) has gone through three major transformations throughout its history. Originally ESMA served as an educational facility of the Argentine Navy. The original ESMA was a complex located at 8151 Libertador Avenue, in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, in the barrio of Núñez. Additionally, It was the seat of U.T.3.3.2—Unidad de Tareas (Task Unit) 2 of G.T.3.3 [es].

However, ESMA operated as an illegal, secret detention center for opponents of the 1976–1983 military dictatorship, described as "subversives" during what was described as the Dirty War. The military took the babies born to mothers imprisoned there, suppressed their true identities, and allowed military families and associates of the regime to illegally adopt them. The Unidad de Tareas (Task Unit) was responsible for thousands of instances of forced disappearance, torture, and murder during this time. ESMA was the largest detention center of its kind during the Dirty War.

The ESMA building has been converted into a memorial museum to show and honor those who were "disappeared" during Argentina's Dirty War. The National Congress passed a law on 5 August 2004 that converted the ESMA complex into a museum, the Space for Memory and for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights (Espacio para la Memoria y para la Promoción y Defensa de los Derechos Humanos). On 10 June 2014 the Museo Malvinas was inaugurated in the ESMA campus, a museum about the islands disputed and fought over by the United Kingdom (calling them Falkland Islands) and Argentina (Islas Malvinas).

The School, once again legitimate, was renamed Escuela de Suboficiales de la Armada (ESSA; English: Navy Petty-Officers' School) in 2001, and moved in 2005 to the Puerto Belgrano Naval Base, 28 km from the city of Bahía Blanca, and about 600 km southwest of Buenos Aires.

The site was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2023 under the name 'ESMA Museum and Site of Memory – Former Clandestine Center of Detention, Torture and Extermination'.

Legitimate
According to the ESSA Web site, in 1897 the Escuela de Aprendices Mecánicos de la Armada (Navy Apprentice Mechanics School) was founded in premises that are now the Historical Naval Museum of Tigre, in Buenos Aires Province. In 1900 the School moved to naval workshops in Dársena Norte; in 1902 it became Escuela de Aprendices Mecánicos y Foguistas (Apprentice Mechanics and Stokers School). Two years later it became Escuela de Mecánicos de la Armada, and in 1911 Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada. In 1928 it moved to its later notorious premises, designed by the architect Raúl J. Álvarez, on Blandengues street (now Avenida del Libertador), between Arroyo Medrano and the extension of Deheza street. Once again a legitimate educational establishment, it was renamed Escuela de suboficiales de la Armada in 2001, and moved to Puerto Belgrano in 2005, merging the NCO schools of the Argentina Marines and the Argentine Naval Aviation in the process into one institution.

Other sources say that the School was founded in 1924, on land granted that year by the Municipality of Buenos Aires to the Ministry of the Navy by a decree that year, during the presidency of Marcelo T. de Alvear. Under the terms of the decree, it was to revert to the city if it ceased to be a military educational establishment. The School of Mechanics, Naval War School, and Officers' Mess were built on the land.

Each year about 10,000 youths signed up to enter as regular students, of whom around half were admitted and given scholarships for courses of study such as electronics, aeronautics, management, marine engineering (mecánico naval), radio operation, meteorology, and oceanography. The students lived in the complex from Monday through Friday, taking 8 to 10 hours of classes per day. The degrees could be completed in up to three years of studies, with the students receiving the degree of técnico ("technician"), with the option of continuing either as naval servicemen, professional army, or air force NCOs or working elsewhere either in the public or private sector.

The main entrance opens onto the central pavilion, where the authorities' offices were located. A covered patio there was used to show movies to the student body. To the left of this building was petty officers' housing, and further off and separated, the officers' housing, where the clandestine detention center operated during the 1976-1983 military dictatorship. To the right of the central pavilion were the checkpoint, the military guard building, and the Naval War School (Escuela de Guerra Naval).

Behind, at the rear, were the dormitories and, across Avenida Lugones, the institution's sports field. On the perimeter of the school were checkpoints which were manned by the students in rotating shifts, at least one week per year for each student.

In 1982, 230 final-year students of the ESMA were drafted to fight in the Falklands War; some of them died in the sinking of the ARA Belgrano and the attack on ARA Sobral.

In 1998, president Carlos Menem ordered the move of the School to the Puerto Belgrano base, and the use of the old campus as a museum. It was granted the name ESSA in 1999 as the by now sole NCO school of the Navy and continues to function in the Puerto Belgrano base.

Etymology and usage during the Dirty War
Almost 5,000 people were abducted and held in the original ESMA campus in its active participation in the Dirty War between 1976-1983; all except 150 were killed during or after interrogation and torture. When announcements were made that prisoners were to be "transferred", people came to understand they were going to be executed. The prisoners were taken to the basement, sedated, and then killed, some by shooting, others in death flights: they were flown over the Atlantic Ocean or the Río de la Plata and pushed out of the aircraft. These are only some examples of the many treatments that prisoners of the ESMA were forced to experience during the kidnappings that forced them into clandestine detention centers.

Extrajudicial detention center
The ESMA was used as a detention center from the very start of the 1976 dictatorship: on 24 March, the day of the coup d'état, several people kidnapped by the Armed Forces were taken there.

Task Unit 3.2.2 was led by Rear-Admiral Rubén Jacinto Chamorro and Captain Carlos Acosta Ambone. Jorge Vildoza has been identified by survivors as the second-in-command of ESMA. Among the Task Unit's ranks were Jorge Eduardo Acosta, Alfredo Astiz, Ricardo Miguel Cavallo and Adolfo Scilingo, who became notorious as torturers. Astiz was known as the "Blond Angel of Death". Its chaplain during 1977 was Father Alberto Ángel Zanchetta. It was in charge of the city of Buenos Aires proper and the northern part of the metropolitan area (Gran Buenos Aires). Officers in charge were under strict orders not to reveal their identities or military affiliation when capturing prisoners.

Between 1976 and 1978, the group was ultimately under the orders of Navy Commander-in-Chief Emilio Eduardo Massera. Massera had reportedly been present when the unit was set up, gave an opening speech to the officers, and personally participated in the first illegal detentions.

Layout of the ESMA
Once kidnapped, it was very rare that these prisoners would return home, leaving loved ones wondering if they would ever see their family members or friends again. During the beginning stages of the Dirty War, Argentinians living in Buenos Aires were unaware that the building that once housed a school had been transformed into a center for punishing "subversion". Once the prisoners had arrived to this new "renovation", their basic human rights would be ignored. Instead, they were taken to certain floors depending on their status of punishment in an effort to dehumanize the victims. The basement contained interrogation rooms and a station meant for taking and maintaining photographs of each of the prisoners. These photos would allow victims to be recorded, providing an accurate count today as to the five thousand people who died due to the treatment within this camp. The first floor was staged as an operation room for the leaders of the torture to plan, execute, and continue their efforts to punish the prisoners. The second and third floors were adequately furnished and kept, as these were the floors where the officers lived and slept. These officers were committed to torturing the dissidents, contributing twenty four hours, seven days a week of fear for the victims who never knew when the next hit would happen. Also on the third floor, extending to the fourth floor, was an area known as the "capucha", or hood. This was where prisoners were kept, and this was where conditions were purposefully kept dark and hopeless.

Who became los desaparecidos/the disappeared?
There were certain types of individuals within Argentinian society who were to be kidnapped and removed from it. Stories show, for example, that there was a disproportionate number of Jews taken in custody, shedding light on anti-Semitic victimization. Another group targeted included the people who potentially supported a different government, opposing the current junta and military dictatorship of Argentina. If there was any suspicion that Argentinians were meeting secretly and consistently to resist General Jorge Rafael Videla and his regime, the government would kidnap these people and place them in detention centers such as the ESMA. This would serve as a lesson to incite fear within other members of the community who were also against the current governmental structure of Argentina. Upon being kidnapped, for example, many kidnappers would interrogate the prisoners about why they were opposing the Argentinian dictatorship and spreading a new political ideology, disregarding the fact of whether or not this was actually the case.

Survivor stories of the ESMA
A few victims that survived and escaped the ESMA have made it a priority to share their experiences of the torture and human rights infractions they faced while living in this center.

Ana María Martí
One detainee who survived, Ana María Martí, has related some of the horrific treatment she faced while in the confines of the ESMA. By the time she was captured, information was out that this torture center was something to fear. When she was kidnapped, the officers who snatched her laughed at the fear she had at the mention of the ESMA. Once she arrived, her stories telling her torture resembled the other stories that have been told by those lucky enough to survive. The main goal of the ESMA officers was to inflict as much pain as was possible, testing every victim's capability of surviving amidst deathly circumstances. Just within the basement floor of the interrogation methods, victims were subjugated to electric shocks, humiliating treatments, and removal of genitalia and other organs of the human body.

The "capucha" of the ESMA was another terrifying area within this clandestine detention center. After the initial torturing and interrogations, prisoners were chained on the third floor and left alone while hooded (hence the name of the "capucha"). They were left in complete darkness with no communication, forced to be isolated in another way to instigate panic and fear for the prisoners. Eventually, night and day turned into one continual nightmare once prisoners became more veteran members of this torture site. Ana María Martí survived these horrid conditions, but she witnessed many other of her fellow victims suffer and die at the hands of the officers. She remarked that prisoners would begin to know when someone was about to be taken to the killing chambers; in order to prepare, the ESMA would properly feed and take care of the victims to bulk them up. This was in a concerted effort to make the eventual corpses seem more healthy and less connected to the operations of the ESMA.

Susana Reyes
Susana Reyes recalled that when it came time to shower, the bathrooms had no doors, which the guards took advantage of to objectify the women. The guard would yell obscenities and make sexually explicit comments to the women while they were showering. Leading Susana Reyes to decide to always shower fully dressed. One day Susana Reyes defied an authority after a nasty remark about her body which led to her being tied up and brutally beaten with a baton. Susana Reyes was an expecting mother in the ESMA and was gifted a hood for her unborn child. The hood was meant to be used for psychological torture since the tiny hood was meant to symbolize the "capucha" and seal the baby's fate to a life of torture and suffering alongside her mother. On the contrary, there was a guard who could take good care of Susana Reyes especially when she became ill. However, that same guard would taunt Susana Reyes by saying "take care of him" insinuating that he was going to take away her child in order to raise it as his own. Fortunately, Susana Reyes escaped ESMA before giving birth to her child.

Killing methods in the ESMA

The ESMA, because it killed approximately 4,850 prisoners, used a plethora of methods to kill their victims. Many popular techniques did not require that the prisoners left the confines of the ESMA. Inside the basement, interrogation methods such as drowning and electrocuting were common and an easy way to kill. The ESMA officers, in other manners, found more unique ways to commit human rights violations that led to the deaths of many. For example, as seen in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust, these officers would attempt scientific experiments to show how well the human body could handle the loss of limbs, the removal of organs, and the fluctuation of hot and cold temperatures. Victims were also taken outside of the ESMA in the custody of those in charge to promote a sense of entertainment on the way to their murders. They would leave the prisoners in the middle of the jungle, supervising them as they unsuccessfully attempted to escape. Eventually, the guards would shoot them until they were dead.

The most cited killing method in the ESMA includes pushing the prisoners off moving planes. Officers would require the ESMA residents to take rides in these planes, only to push them off and watch them fall to their deaths. The victims were often still conscious, despite having been drugged. As a result, numerous bodies of victims washed up on beaches hundreds of kilometers south of Buenos Aires. Also known as death flights, this inhumane treatment contributed in a major way to the numerous deaths that came from this detention center. A portion of the Argentines that were kidnapped by the military did not even make it to the ESMA. Argentines would resist or try to evade their capture forcing the military to wound them in order to take them in. Those that did not survive the trip to the ESMA or could not be saved by the navy doctors, the bodies would be cremated and buried in the athletic field. Overall, the ESMA committed approximately one-sixth of the total murders during the eight-year period of the Dirty War.

Treatment of women in the ESMA
Women were subject to psychological torture and sexual abuse while being captive in ESMA. Part of the military's psychological torment and disciplining of women was to force them to adhere to beauty standards by giving them make-up, perfume, and wax. For later to be taken on fictional dates where they were later sexually assaulted by their "date" who in reality was a member of the military. ESMA was a place of constant sexual violence where not even pregnancy would spare women from being raped. Additionally, women who were pregnant were forced to give birth or abort their child in an unsafe and horrible medical environment. Children of the women who were forced to give birth were taken away and/or adopted by members of the military. It was common for women to return to ESMA after giving birth without even having the knowledge of what was the sex of their child or its whereabouts. Unlike men, during torture women were being sexually degraded and called slurs like "turra" which is Argentinian slang for whore.

Trials
A major trial, nicknamed "the ESMA mega-trial", of 63 people accused of crimes against humanity (lesa humanidad) during the 1976-1983 dictatorship, including those involved in death flights, was reaching its close in July 2015. 830 witnesses and 789 victims were heard. There had been two previous trials after the Supreme Court struck down an amnesty the military dictatorship had granted its members; in the first the one accused committed suicide before a verdict was reached; in a 2009 trial, twelve defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment. The trial was still in progress, and was being covered in a dedicated blog, Causa ESMA, with links to video reports of significant court sentences and similar events; many items are selected from the Argentine Infojus Noticias (National Agency of judicial news) Web site, Nacionales section.

Gonzalo "Chispa" Sánchez was extradited to Argentina and faced charges, as of 2020.

A federal court sentenced eight sailors and police officers and a civilian in the trial of crimes against humanity perpetrated during the military dictatorship at the ESMA on February 19, 2021. Among those convicted are former Navy officer Carlos Castellvi, police officer Raúl Cabral, and civilian Miguel Conde.

Military testimonies
Members of the military claim that they were simply obeying orders. It was also claimed that military members were made to believe they were fighting a war against enemies in civilian clothes. Military members never protested their orders despite being aware of the tortures and gruesome acts occurring in the ESMA because they were persuaded to believe that it was a supreme act that needed to be done for the sake of Argentina.

Memorial Museum "Espacio Memoria y Derechos Humanos" (Former ESMA)
Since 2004 the original ESMA building has been used as a memorial museum to honor the memory of the disappeared. However, the mission of the memorial museum goes beyond that. ESMA will serve as a warning to assure that the gruesome acts of torture and other crimes done by the dictatorship will never occur ever again. Argentines feel obligated to use the museum to share the stories of those that lost their lives during the Dirty War and to show the horrors that occurred within the walls of ESMA.

title: Navy Petty-Officers School


text:
User talk:Jackeapen

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

File source problem with File:Osthathios.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Osthathios.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 05:11, 16 November 2009 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Salavat (talk) 05:11, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

File copyright problem with File:Osthathios.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Osthathios.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the file. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their license and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link.

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. Salavat (talk) 05:11, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

A Chandrasekhar moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, A Chandrasekhar, does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). Furthermore, the article is currently written in a promotional tone. I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please follow the prompts on the Articles for Creation template atop the page. ... disco spinster   talk  19:05, 24 June 2019 (UTC)

Draft:A Chandrasekhar concern
Hi there, I'm HasteurBot. I just wanted to let you know that Draft:A Chandrasekhar, a page you created, has not been edited in 5 months. The Articles for Creation space is not an indefinite storage location for content that is not appropriate for articlespace.

If your submission is not edited soon, it could be nominated for deletion. If you would like to attempt to save it, you will need to improve it.

You may request Userfication of the content if it meets requirements.

If the deletion has already occured, instructions on how you may be able to retrieve it are available at WP:REFUND/G13.

Thank you for your attention. HasteurBot (talk) 01:30, 4 December 2019 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:A Chandrasekhar

Hello, Jackeapen. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "A Chandrasekhar".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been nominated for deletion. If you plan on working on it further, or editing it to address the issues raised if it was declined, simply and remove the, , or  code.

If your submission has already been deleted by the time you get there, and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion by following the instructions at this link. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia! Lapablo (talk) 19:22, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jackeapen


text:
User talk:Kamyam

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Kamyam


text:
User talk:Fangthe7th

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Fangthe7th


text:
Talk:Wallonia

Walloon Region (federal region) and Wallonia (again)
Both articles deal with the same subject. There is no difference between the Walloon Region and Wallonia like there is not difference between Belgium and the Kingdom of Belgium. Both articles should be merged together.--Wester (talk) 14:36, 5 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree. While the article "Wallonia" may describe the region both as an institutional Region and as a cultural area, the current article "Walloon Region (federal region)" does not add any value, it just provides information that is mostly already present on "Wallonia". It is a much shorter article and it is linked from only few other pages; most pages link to Wallonia directly even when the federal region is meant. In short, I see no value in keeping this (duplicate) article. Thanks for bringing this up, I have wanted to make this a redirect before but then I would've needed to start a discussion first :) SPQRobin (talk) 17:34, 5 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I partly agree with both of you, but I do like having a separate page for the legal entity. It and its history are a real subject, and it helps with clarity for details best not included in a full page on Wallonia. There is also a Flemish Region page for what it's worth, and for a non-Belgian page on a purely political construct, see United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Another of my fears is that through this move the page goes back to the awful separation it had before: where Walloon Region is considered a totally separate topic, and where Wallonia is a nebulous concept with no political status or territory. I suppose my position is a weak oppose .  Oreo Priest  talk 14:53, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * Imho you can't really compare the Walloon Region (or any federal/political entity) with the US court article. It is rather about an administrative entity or body, in a very different way from federal/political entities. A better comparison would be e.g. the German federal states; you have an article "Bavaria" which is based on the entity "Free State of Bavaria" and there is no separate article for that entity even if Bavaria previously encompassed a different area. Flanders is a separate case since there are actually two different entities, the region and community, so it makes sense to have articles on both, in addition to Flanders. If Walloon Region is merged into the article Wallonia, in addition to improving the article Wallonia, it may help to refer more clearly to e.g. Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium and State reform in Belgium for its institutional history; those pages could explain it more clearly in its historical and political context. Belgian federal entities are extremely similiar institutionally anyway. SPQRobin (talk) 19:01, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I really don't see how the Flemish Region is different; Wallonia also has the French Community. I do think you make a good point about Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium and State reform in Belgium being better pages for the detail I was defending. I suppose that changes my position to support.  Oreo Priest  talk 20:22, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The difference with the French Community is made clear by the name they give themselves: Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. Unlike Flanders, which is in fact one entity based on two institutional entities, the French Community is an entity consisting of Wallonia one the one hand and French-speaking Brussels on the other hand. SPQRobin (talk) 21:02, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
 * This is just semantics, because we agree on the main point of course, but Flanders is also the region, plus partial jurisdiction in Brussels, same as their French speaking counterparts.  Oreo Priest  talk 14:02, 17 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The French Community and Walloon Region are not merged. The Flemish Community and Region are.--Wester (talk) 23:08, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

Since we agree on merging the two pages, and nobody else voiced his opposition meanwhile, I redirected Walloon Region (federal region) to Wallonia and will make some improvements to the latter article. SPQRobin (talk) 21:44, 27 May 2013 (UTC)

Meaningless sentence in lead
The only vague hint at an answer that I can find in the article is the short sentence at the end of the History section beginning "This led to State reform in Belgium..." Clicking any of the links in the lead or the article proper doesn't help, because the linked articles are even more confusing than this one. Possibly what that sentence is trying to say is that the Walloon Region is not coterminous with the French Community, in the way that the Flemish region is coterminous with the Flemish Community; I don't know. It needs to be either fixed or deleted. Scolaire (talk) 12:33, 19 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Contrary to the situation in Flanders, the Walloon Region was not merged with the French Community of Belgium, a political level responsible for matters related mainly to culture and education.
 * 1) Was not merged by whom, when, as part of what?
 * 2) A political level of what?
 * 3) "Contrary to the situation in Flanders": does this mean that Flanders was merged with the French Community of Belgium?

Use of English translations without native language term inline
Whenever a proper name has been translated or exists with more than one language version, the native language version should be given inline on the first mention, in italics. (Do not publish my IP under any circumstances, this means you.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.101.157.18 (talk) 10:35, 22 January 2022 (UTC)

Researching my favorite flower
I don't understand why Wallonia is the symbolism for the Indian blanket flower. Also known as Gaillardia. Can anyone help me out? 174.247.224.238 (talk) 04:47, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

Region & Community
"Although in Flanders, the Flemish Region assigned all of its powers to the Flemish Community, the Walloon Region remains in principle distinct from and independent from the French Community, and vice versa."

Is there an explanation as to why this is? I've never seen it explained, and it would be an interesting and helpful piece of information to add. In that same vein, I've woundered that since the French Community Parliament is essentially juse the Walloon Parliament + Brussels Parlimanet members why the current (and out-going) governments of the region and community are chaired by different political parties? If the community parliament and government is decided after regional elections, you'd expect at least the same party to chair both institutions, right? Criticalthinker (talk) 09:55, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wallonia


text:
Talk:Eau Claire, Wisconsin

Question about TV station listing
Do most city pages have links to the TV stations in them?Micah 09:18, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Seymour is not a suburb
I can't figure out how to delete Seymour from the list of "suburbs". Seymour is a township, not a city or village, and thus should not be included. Furthermore, the link that is presented there goes to a community named Seymour on the other side of the state.

Altoona and Chippewa Falls are enough of a stretch to call "suburbs". Seymour most definitely is not.

 * The Town of Seymour fits into Wikipedia's rather loose definition of a suburb. The link should not have pointed to the Seymour in Outagamie County, tho.  It should instead have pointed to either Seymour, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin or to Seymour (CDP), Eau Claire County, Wisconsin.  I have changed the template to reflect this.  I've also added to the template, based on the model at Template:Appleton, Wisconsin. Tomer TALK  16:50, May 15, 2005 (UTC)

Images
This article needs more pictures! :-P This time of year is clearly not the best for showing the pretty side of EC, but I suppose in keeping with WP:NPOV we may as well have winter pix too...since it's winter here 9 months out of the year... :-p  So, today I took a few random pix. I'm pretty clearly not a photographer, but here they are...more later perhaps. For now, if anyone can think of a good way to include them, go for it. Click on the images themselves to read my rather detailed (in some cases) image summaries. I already put some in the Eau Claire River, Schlegelmilch-McDaniel House, Christ Church Cathedral (Eau Claire), Episcopal Diocese of Eau Claire and Immanuel Lutheran College (Eau Claire) articles.

Tom e rtalk 04:42, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Hank Aaron
I removed the bit about Hank Aaron coming back to EC in the fall of '06 to inspect and see how things had changed since "then". I think if such a thing had happened, there'd have been a little more news coverage of it, at least enough that a citation could be found to support the assertion. Please do not reinsert that text until a citation for it is found. Tom e rtalk 06:41, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Alright, I did it myself. Tom e rtalk  03:03, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

"Only game show contestant from Eau Claire"
There have been at least two others; I don't know their names, but one was on Jepardy in the mid-90's, and another was a college student, also on Jepardy during college week within the last few years.Trapt11 22:08, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
 * It doesn't say he is the only game show contestant from Eau Claire, it says he is the only Who Wants to be a Millionaire contestant from Eau Claire.--ChesterMarcol 01:19, 2 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Mike (Mayer) Brissman was on Wheel of Fortune someodd number of years ago (and won a cadillac). Tom e rtalk  04:26, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Crime
I'm not certain that the crime section is entirely accurate. Siasmj 01:13, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

Proposed Rewrite
I'm proposing a general rewrite of the article (step-wise, not a clean slate). Thoughts or objections? Xavexgoem (talk) 02:28, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

 * My theory is that everything can be improved. On the other hand, a change is not necessarily an improvement. So, depending upon what you have in mind, a general rewrite is either a good or a bad idea. Butwhatdoiknow (talk) 16:02, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I should be more specific :) There are a lot of things (transportation and media in particular) that could be summarized more briefly to give better flow. Also was thinking of consolidating some of the historical data into one heading, but I haven't gone through the article enough to figure out if/how I should do that. I just want a smaller article without removing content. Xavexgoem (talk) 16:32, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I don't think you need anyone's permission to do that. Have at it. You'll know soon enough if the community doesn't like it (or thinks it can be improved upon). Butwhatdoiknow (talk) 18:57, 7 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Always good to ask :) Xavexgoem (talk) 19:52, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ecwilogo.jpg
Image:Ecwilogo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:51, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Removed people
Why were so many people removed? Tomertalk 18:37, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm thinking at least L.E. Phillips should stay, myself; readding (even if it's redlinked(?)) Xavexgoem (talk) 19:20, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah... just because an article doesn't exist yet doesn't mean any mention of its future subject should be expunged from Wikipedia... Tomertalk 21:28, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Price of milk in relation to the distance from Eau Claire
I've always heard that the price of milk subsidies or some other form of milk regulation by the USDA is set by the distance from Eau Claire. Anybody know if this is true and if so, should it be included in the article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.48.239.154 (talk) 12:22, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

I guess I was wrong, congress changed that in 2002 http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-120287774.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.48.239.154 (talk) 12:24, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I don't really know anything about the articles or the subject here, but I got caught up in it somehow (I was the one who reported the copyright violation). Xavexgoem prod'd the article stating that it could be merged with Eau Claire, Wisconsin, so in the apparent absence of any other discussion (aside from pointing out misuse of prods/redirects), I am now "formally" requesting this merge. Brian Jason Drake 05:42, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I prod'd Eau Claire City Council - the problem is it's kind of a filler article, and it's kind of off the wiki-grid, if you know what I mean, so it doesn't get much updates. Xavexgoem (talk) 09:10, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't know a prod'd from a redirect but my thought (not a strong one) is that the articles should remain separate. First, shorter articles are generally better and adding things to the Eau Claire article will make it longer. Second, while the City Council page may be orphaned now, the Council is a governing body that should have its own page. Perhaps someone will adopt it some day. Butwhatdoiknow (talk) 17:56, 19 August 2008 (UTC)
 * According to Wisconsin State Statutes=5.02(6), the "governing body" of a city is known as the common council. Yet, the Common Council of the City of Eau Claire is refered to as the city council inthe Eau Claire city website. Some sort of clarification of this is needed.Thank you-RFD (talk) 16:43, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

People relocation?
What do you'all think about splitting the list of Notables into a separate "List of people from Eau Claire, Wisconsin" article? Compare List of people from Fort Wayne, Indiana (although I'd do away with the meaningless level 2 heading on that page). Butwhatdoiknow (talk) 01:08, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Barland a reliable source?
Sawdust City and The Rivers Flow On are probably the two best books on EC history. Problem is they were written ~1960, do not have ISBN numbers, and are totally out-of-print (LE Phillips has a few copies, of course). I'd like to use them in the article, but it conflicts majorly with what we've already got (although those remain unsourced). For instance: aside from the local legend (Voici l'eau claire!), we have two conflicting stories on-wiki on how the river got its name: "Eaux Claires" here, translation of Wayaa-gonaatigweyaa-ziibi (Ojibwe for Clear potable-water River) at Eau_Claire_River_(Chippewa_River), and "La Riviera del Eau Claire" in Sawdust City (pg. 1).

I'm having some difficulty corroborating some of the facts in Sawdust City with any other sources (namely because there really aren't any). In lieu of better sources, I'm asking the community here for permission to use the best we've got, which are the Lois Barland books. Xavexgoem (talk) 23:29, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm no expert but I'd say that you should use it if that is the best you can find. If someone finds something better later then that person can modify the article to reflect that information. Butwhatdoiknow (talk) 18:27, 29 March 2009 (UTC)

Include Olympian Mike Peplinski
Michael Peplinski participated in the 1998 Nagano Olympics on the U.S.A. Men's Curling Team, and their team took 4th place. He currently resides in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, and there are Leader-Telegram newspaper articles that highlight him and the sport of curling. If you are interested in adding him to your list of famous athletes, feel free to contact me.

Pep1020 (talk) 19:33, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

 * You are the "you" at Wikipedia. If you believe that Mr. Peplinski is worthy of being added to the list then feel free to do it yourself. See wp:BOLD. If others disagree they will let you know. Butwhatdoiknow (talk) 12:39, 11 October 2010 (UTC)

Broken link
Eau Claire Historic Preservation Foundation is broken (points to nonexistent page) but I will leave it in case someone knows a better page to point it to. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Antonwig (talk • contribs) 22:56, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Eau Claire City Council is not notable independent of the city of Eau Claire. Its article should be merged into this one. -- Mesconsing (talk) 17:17, 14 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120701110047/http://factfinder2.census.gov:80/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B01003&prodType=table to http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B01003&prodType=table
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070327193319/http://www.americaspromise.org:80/100Best.aspx?id=968 to http://www.americaspromise.org/100Best.aspx?id=968
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140407081641/http://www.lismore.nsw.gov.au/cp_themes/default/page.asp?p=DOC-TAJ-77-17-40 to http://www.lismore.nsw.gov.au/cp_themes/default/page.asp?p=DOC-TAJ-77-17-40

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:23, 3 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 one external links on Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Fcities%2Ftotals%2F2012%2FSUB-EST2012.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6962cjXgL?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naco.org%2FCounties%2FPages%2FFindACounty.aspx to http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fgazetteer%2Ffiles%2FGaz_places_national.txt to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added tag to http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:35, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://factfinder2.census.gov/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20160602200744/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100929124759/http://ecpubliclibrary.info/services/information-guides/79-eau-claire-city-government.html to http://www.ecpubliclibrary.info/services/information-guides/79-eau-claire-city-government.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.curlingclub.com/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:00, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 8 external links on Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160102101346/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/5522300.html to http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/5522300.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110718013022/http://eauclairewicoc.weblinkconnect.com/CWT/External/Programs/Eau_Claire_City_Council.aspx to http://eauclairewicoc.weblinkconnect.com/CWT/External/Programs/Eau_Claire_City_Council.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160103012310/http://www.goodshepherd-ec.org/index.php to http://www.goodshepherd-ec.org/index.php
 * Added tag to http://www.wiaawi.org/index.php?id=612
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120204170329/http://wcwrpc.org/MPO/body_mpo.html to http://wcwrpc.org/MPO/body_mpo.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160124231848/http://www.eauclairehpf.org/ to http://www.eauclairehpf.org/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203149/http://www.ci.eau-claire.wi.us/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.287 to http://www.ci.eau-claire.wi.us/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.287

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:14, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140628151836/http://legis.wisconsin.gov/ltsb/redistricting/PDFs/2010%20WI%20Pop%20Counts.pdf to http://legis.wisconsin.gov/ltsb/redistricting/PDFs/2010%20WI%20Pop%20Counts.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 17:06, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eau Claire, Wisconsin


text:
User talk:Davy fields

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

article about... your dad?
Some of the people, places or things you have written about in the article Davis Fields may not be sufficiently well-known to merit articles of their own. The Wikipedia community welcomes newcomers, and encourages them to become Wikipedians. On Wikipedia, each user is entitled to a user page in which they can describe themselves, and this article's content may be incorporated into that page. However, to merit inclusion in the encyclopedia proper, a subject must be notable. We encourage you to write or improve articles on notable subjects.

Just to let you know; don't take it personally. -Grick(talk to me!) 04:30, Apr 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * templates substituted by a bot as per Template substitution Pegasusbot 22:15, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davy fields


text:
User talk:Recurve800

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Recurve800! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 21:52, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Blaine Pardoe -

title: User talk:Recurve800


text:
User talk:Speaketh

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Speaketh


text:
Nicholas Humphrey

Nicholas Keynes Humphrey (born 27 March 1943) is an English neuropsychologist based in Cambridge, known for his work on evolution of primate intelligence and consciousness. He studied mountain gorillas with Dian Fossey in Rwanda; he was the first to demonstrate the existence of "blindsight" after brain damage in monkeys; he proposed the theory of the "social function of intellect". He is the only scientist to have edited the literary journal Granta.

Humphrey played a significant role in the anti-nuclear movement in the late 1970s and delivered the BBC Bronowski memorial lecture titled "Four Minutes to Midnight" in 1981. His 10 books include Consciousness Regained, The Inner Eye, A History of the Mind, Leaps of Faith, The Mind Made Flesh, Seeing Red, and Soul Dust. He has received several honours, including the Martin Luther King Memorial Prize, the Pufendorf Medal and the British Psychological Society's book award. He has been lecturer in psychology at Oxford, assistant director of the Subdepartment of Animal Behaviour at Cambridge, senior research fellow at Cambridge, professor of psychology at the New School for Social Research, New York, and school professor at the London School of Economics.

Family
Humphrey is the son of the immunologist John H. Humphrey and his wife Janet Humphrey (née Hill), daughter of the Nobel Prize–winning physiologist Archibald Hill and the social reformer Margaret Hill. His great uncle was the economist John Maynard Keynes. Humphrey married Caroline Waddington, daughter of C. H. Waddington, in 1967 (divorced 1977). In 1994 he married Ayla Kohn, with whom he has two children.

Early career
Nicholas Humphrey was educated at Westminster School (1956–61) and Trinity College, Cambridge (1961–67).

His doctoral research at Cambridge, supervised by Lawrence Weiskrantz, was on the neuropsychology of vision in primates. He made the first single cell recordings from the superior colliculus of monkeys, and discovered the existence of a previously unsuspected capacity for vision after total lesions of the striate cortex. This capacity was later confirmed in human beings and is now called "blindsight".

On moving to Oxford, he turned his attention to evolutionary aesthetics. He did research on monkey visual preferences (especially colour preferences) and wrote the essay "The Illusion of beauty", which, as a radio broadcast, won the Glaxo Science Writers Prize in 1980.

Work in evolutionary psychology and philosophy of mind
He returned to Cambridge, to the Sub Department of Animal Behaviour in 1970, and there met Dian Fossey, who invited him to spend three months at her gorilla study camp in Rwanda. His experience with the gorillas, and a subsequent visit to Richard Leakey's field-site on Lake Turkana, set Humphrey thinking about how cognitive skills – intelligence and consciousness – could have arisen as an adaption to social life. In 1976 he wrote an essay titled "The Social Function of Intellect", which is widely regarded as one of the foundational works of evolutionary psychology and the basis for Machiavellian intelligence theory. This paper formed the basis of his first book, Consciousness Regained: Chapters in the Development of Mind (1983).

In 1984 Humphrey left his academic post at Cambridge to work on his Channel 4 television series The Inner Eye, on the development of the human mind. This series was finished in 1986 with the release of a book of the same name.

In 1987, Daniel Dennett invited Humphrey to work with him at his Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University. They worked on developing an empirically based theory of consciousness, and undertook a study on Multiple Personality Disorder.

Humphrey's next book, A History of the Mind (1992), put forward a theory on how consciousness as feeling rather than thinking may have evolved. This book won the inaugural British Psychological Society's annual Book of the Year Award in 1993.

His writings on consciousness continued in The Mind Made Flesh: Essays from the Frontiers of Evolution and Psychology (2002), Seeing Red: A Study in Consciousness (2006), and most recently Soul Dust: the Magic of Consciousness (2011).

Other work
Humphrey became active in the anti-nuclear movement in the late 1970s. This led to an invitation to deliver the Bronowski lecture on the BBC in 1981. He titled his lecture, on the dangers of the arms race, "Four Minutes to Midnight". With Robert Lifton he edited an anthology of writings on war and peace, In a Dark Time, which was released in 1984 and was awarded the Martin Luther King Memorial Prize.

In 1992, Humphrey was appointed to a Senior Research Fellowship at Darwin College, Cambridge funded by the Perrott-Warwick Fellowship in parapsychology. He undertook a sceptical study of parapsychological phenomena such as extra-sensory perception and psychokinesis, resulting in his book Soul Searching: Human Nature and Supernatural Belief (1995) (in America this book was published under the title Leaps of Faith).

Humphrey has worked on a number of TV and radio documentaries as well as The Inner Eye. The topics range from the psychology of paranormal belief to the psycho-history of mediaeval animal trials.

In 2005, he visited the Ulas family of human quadrupeds in southern Turkey and published a report on them with John Skoyles and Roger Keynes. A documentary entitled The Family That Walks on All Fours based on this visit was broadcast on BBC2 in March 2006, and on NOVA in November 2006.

Over the last ten years Humphrey has been investigating the placebo effect, and has put forward a novel theory with John Skoyles of what he calls the "health management system" through which the brain has top-down control over the body's healing resources.

He has recently become an Advisor to the BMW Guggenheim Lab, and in 2016 he gave the annual Medawar Lecture at UCL.

Humphrey is an atheist and suggested the analogy of religion to viruses to Richard Dawkins.

National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C1672/12) with Nicholas Humphrey in 2016 for its Science and Religion collection held by the British Library.

Video links

 * "The Pufendorf Lectures 2011".
 * "The Pufendorf Lectures 2011".
 * "The Pufendorf Lectures 2011".
 * "The Pufendorf Lectures 2011".
 * "The Pufendorf Lectures 2011".
 * "The Pufendorf Lectures 2011".
 * "The Pufendorf Lectures 2011".

Journal articles

 * "Vision in monkeys after removal of the striate cortex", Nature, 215, 515–597, 1967.
 * "Contrast illusions in perspective", Nature, 232, 91- 93, 1971.
 * "Interest and pleasure: two determinants of a monkey’s visual preferences", Perception, 1, 395–416, 1972.
 * "The illusion of beauty", Perception, 2, 429–39, 1973.
 * "The apparent heaviness of colours", Nature, 250, 164–165, 1974. (With E. Pinkerton.)
 * "The reaction of monkeys to fearsome pictures", Nature, 251, 500–2, 1974.
 * "Vision in a monkey without striate cortex: a case study", Perception, 3, 241–55, 1974.
 * "Species and individuals in the perceptual world of monkeys", Perception, 3, 105–14, 1974.
 * "Interactive effects of unpleasant light and unpleasant sound", Nature, 253, 346–347, 1975. (With G. R. Keeble.)
 * "How monkeys acquire a new way of seeing", Perception, 5, 51–56, 1976.
 * "Unfoldings of mental life", Science, 196, 755–756, 1977.
 * "Do monkeys subjective clocks run faster in red light than in blue", Perception, 6, 7–14.
 * "Effects of red light and loud noise on the rate at which monkeys sample the sensory environment", Perception 7:343–348 1978.
 * "Speaking for our selves: an assessment of multiple personality disorder", Raritan, 9, 68–98.
 * "Varieties of altruism – and the common ground between them", Social Research 64:199–209, 1997.
 * "Cave art, autism and the evolution of the human mind", Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 8, 165–191, 1998.
 * "Why Grandmothers May Need Large Brains", Psycoloquy 10(024), 1999.
 * "How to solve the mind-body problem", Journal of Consciousness Studies 7(4):5–20 2000.
 * "In Reply (Reply to Commentaries on How to Solve the Mind-Body Problem)", Journal of Consciousness Studies 7(4):98–112, 2000.
 * "One Self: a Meditation on the Unity of Consciousness", Social Research 67(4):32–39 2000.
 * "Dreaming as play", Behavioral and Brain Science, 23, 953, 2000.
 * "Shamanism and cognitive evolution (Commentary on Michael Winkelman)", Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 12, 91–3, 2002.
 * "Human handwalkers: five siblings who never stood up", CPNSS Discussion Paper, DP 77/05, 2005.
 * "The society of selves", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 362, 745–754, 2007.
 * "Getting the measure of consciousness", Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 2008.

Other works

 * "The social function of intellect". In Growing Points in Ethology, ed. P. P. G. Bateson and R. A. Hinde, pp. 303– 317, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976.
 * "Nature's Psychologists". In Josephson, B. D. and Ramachandran, V. S. (eds), Consciousness and the Physical World, chapter 4, 57–80. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1980.
 * "Status and the left cheek", New Scientist, 59, 437–49, 1973.
 * "The colour currency of nature". In Colour for Architecture, T. Porter and B. Mikellides (eds), pp. 95–98, Studio-Vista, London, 1976.
 * "The biological basis of collecting", Human Nature 44–47 1979.
 * "Natural aesthetics2. In Architecture for People, ed. B. Mikellides, pp. 59–73, Studio-Vista, London, 1980.
 * "Four Minutes to Midnight". The BBC Bronowski Lecture, 1981.
 * "Consciousness: a Just-So story", New Scientist, 95 473–477, 1982.
 * "What shall we tell the children?" In Williams, Wes (ed.), The Values of Science (The 1997 Oxford Amnesty Lectures), 58–79. Westview Press, 1998.
 * "The Uses of Consciousness". Fifteenth James Arthur Memorial Lecture, 1–25, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 1987.
 * "The Placebo Effect". In Gregory, Richard L. (ed.), Oxford Companion to the Mind. Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 2004.
 * "Thinking about Feeling". In Gregory, Richard L. (ed.), Oxford Companion to the Mind. Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 2004.
 * "The Privatization of Sensation". In Heyes, Celia and Huber, Ludwig (eds), The Evolution of Cognition, 241–252. MIT, Cambridge, Ma, 2000.
 * "Killer Instinct: a Review of Niall Ferguson's "World of War: History's Century of Hatred", Prospect, September 2006
 * "Consciousness: the Achilles heel of Darwinism? Thank God, not quite". In Intelligent Thought: Science versus the Intelligent Design Movement, ed. John Brockman, pp. 50–64, New York: Vintage, 2006.
 * "Great Expectations: The Evolutionary Psychology of Faith-Healing and the Placebo Effect", The Mind Made Flesh: Essays from the Frontiers of Psychology and Evolution, chapter 19, 255–85, Oxford University Press, 2002.
 * "Questioning consciousness", Seed Magazine, January/February,30-32, 2008.
 * "Follow My Leader". In Humphrey, Nicholas, The Mind Made Flesh: Essays from the Frontiers of Evolution and Psychology, chapter 24, 330–339. Oxford University Press, 2002.
 * "The Deformed Transformed". In Humphrey, Nicholas, The Mind Made Flesh: Essays from the Frontiers of Psychology and Evolution, chapter 14, 165–199. Oxford University Press 2002.
 * "Bugs and Beasts before the Law", The Mind Made Flesh: Essays from the Frontiers of Psychology and Evolution, chapter 18, 235–254, Oxford University Press 2002.
 * "Behold the Man". In Humphrey, Nicholas, The Mind Made Flesh: Essays from the Frontiers of Psychology and Evolution, chapter 16, 206–231, Oxford University Press, 2002.
 * "A Family Affair". In Curious Minds: How a Child Becomes a Scientist , ed. John Brockman, pp. 3–12, New York: Pantheon Books, 2004.
 * "Do babies know what they look like? Doppelgängers and the phenomenology of infancy". In Susan Hurley and Nick Chater (eds), Perspectives on Imitation: From Cognitive Neuroscience to Social Science. Cambridge: MIT Press (2005)
 * "Beauty’s child: sexual selection, nature worship and the love of God".
 * "Beauty’s child: sexual selection, nature worship and the love of God".

title: Nicholas Humphrey


text:
Proto

Proto or PROTO may refer to:

Language

 * Proto-, an English prefix meaning "first"

Media

 * Proto (magazine), an American science magazine
 * Radio Proto in Cyprus

Music

 * Proto (Holly Herndon album), 2019
 * Proto (Leo O'Kelly album), 2002
 * Proto (band), a progressive rock band from Memphis, Tennessee

Organizations

 * Proto (tools), a tool company (formerly Plomb Tools), now a division of Stanley Black & Decker
 * Proto Motors, a South Korean sports car manufacturer and refitter
 * Proto Records, a British record company active in the 1980s; see Barry Evangeli
 * Proto (paintball), a paintball equipment manufacturing company

People

 * Non-fictional
 * Frank Proto, American composer and bassist
 * Ludovic Proto (born 1965), French boxer
 * Neil Thomas Proto (born 1945), American lawyer, teacher, lecturer, and author
 * Silvio Proto, Belgian goalkeeper
 * Proto (see Protus and Hyacinth), Christian martyr during the persecution of Valerian I
 * Fictional
 * Proto, one of the Nereids in Greek mythology
 * Proto (Ghost in the Shell), a fictional character in Masamune Shirow's Ghost in the Shell anime and manga
 * Proto, a more advanced prototype of the Prophetbot from the video game OneShot

Science and technology

 * Proto-, the prefix, as used in taxonomy.
 * Siebe Gorman Proto, a type of rebreather breathing set
 * SEAT Proto, concept cars
 * PROTO (fusion reactor)

title: Proto


text:
Spanx

Spanx, Inc. is an American underwear maker focusing on shaping briefs and leggings, founded in Atlanta, Georgia. The company manufactures mainly pantyhose and other underwear for women and, since 2010, produces male underwear as well. Spanx specializes in foundation garments intended to make people appear thinner or more shapely.

Founding

Following her graduation from Florida State University (FSU) in 1993, Walt Disney World Resort employee Sara Blakely joined local stationery company Danka to sell fax machines door-to-door. In the heat and humidity of Florida, she tried unsuccessfully to find pantyhose that did not have seamed toes and that did not roll up the leg after she cut them.

Investing her life-savings of $5,000, she moved to Atlanta at age 27, where she researched and developed a hosiery concept predominantly on her own. The creation of the initial product prototype was completed over the course of a year and involved Blakely, her mother, and her friends personally testing the garments. Blakely's research revealed that the industry had previously been using the same size waistband for all hosiery products to cut costs, and a rubber cord was inserted into the waistband. For her product development, Blakely created different waistbands to suit different-sized consumers.

When determining the brand name, Blakely knew that Coca-Cola and Kodak were two of the most recognized brand names in the world, and that both contained a strong "k" sound. Blakely read that the founder of Kodak liked the sound so much that he used it as the beginning and end of his brand name and then proceeded to create a functioning word based upon this foundation. The name "Spanks" eventually came to Blakely, and she decided to replace the "ks" with an "x", as her research had shown that constructed names were more successful and were easier to register as a trademark.

Launch
In 2000, Blakely launched the Spanx brand from her apartment, undertaking all initial calls and marketing herself. Her boyfriend at the time, a healthcare consultant, later resigned from his job and joined Blakely in the running of the nascent business.

Blakely previously conducted a meeting with a representative of the Neiman Marcus Group, at which she changed into the product in the ladies restroom in the presence of the Neiman Marcus buyer to prove the benefits of her innovation. Blakely's product was sold in seven Neiman Marcus stores as a result of the meeting; Bloomingdales, Saks, and Bergdorf Goodman soon followed.

2000 onwards
Following the establishment of the company, Blakely's then-boyfriend eventually became Spanx's chief operating officer (COO) and met Laurie Ann Goldman at the Saks Fifth Avenue in Atlanta in 2001, while she was on maternity leave from her employer at the time, Coca-Cola. Goldman was specifically looking for a Spanx product, and the pair exchanged contact details—Goldman became the CEO of Spanx in 2002.

Writing for Fortune magazine in February 2014, Colleen Leahey identified Goldman as a key aspect of the company's successful growth:

Goldman crafted a business model for the company based on lessons she learned during her 10-year stint at Coke: thinking big, starting small, and scaling fast. She advised her team at SPANX to focus on product quality over profit margins. “Every time somebody puts on a SPANX product, one of two things can happen: Our brand can get stronger, or our brand can get weaker. We gain leverage or we lose leverage.”

In the first half of 2014, Blakely worked on building the company's first standalone retail stores in shopping malls along the East Coast of the U.S., and also introduced denim to an expanding Spanx product line for the "Fall" range in March.

Goldman resigned from the company in February 2014, after over 10 years at the head of the Spanx. Gregg Ribatt, who had previously worked as an executive for Bennett Footwear, Stuart Weitzman Holdings and Collective Brands' Performance & Lifestyle Group, was appointed as interim chief executive officer. Ribatt's appointment generated discussions about a potential footwear expansion by Spanx according to a statement Blakely made in October 2013 explaining her ambition to design the world's most comfortable high-heel shoe prior to retirement.

In Blakely's June 2014 Forbes profile, the publication claims that the company generates "over $250 million in annual revenues and net profit margins estimated at 20%", while Blakely is very strongly committed to maintaining the private status of Spanx. However, speculation arose about a possible IPO following Goldman's resignation.

In July 2014, Jan Singer, formerly of Nike, joined Spanx as CEO.

It was announced on October 20, 2021, that Blakely had sold a majority stake in the business to Blackstone. The company was valued at $1.2 billion. The deal was prepared by an all-female investment team from Blackstone, and it was announced that the Board of Directors would be all-female, including Blakely as the Executive Chairwoman.

Products

The brand produces lines with names such as "Bod-a-Bing!" and "Hide & Sleek." In 2009, Spanx launched a deluxe collection called "Haute Contour" that included items such as a lace thong with waist reinforcements and color options like pink. Following the release, Blakely explained, "I said, 'Let's make it beautiful ... like shapewear in disguise.'"

Spanx started manufacturing body-shaping undergarments for men ("Spanx for Men – MANX") in 2010, and then introduced denim to an expanding Spanx product line for the brand's "Fall" range in March 2014.

Marketing
During the inception of Spanx, Blakely was contacting friends and acquaintances, including those from her past, and asking them to seek out her products at select department stores in exchange for a check that she would send to them by mail as a token of appreciation. However, Spanx received a marketing boost shortly afterwards, when Oprah Winfrey endorsed the product as one of her "Favorite Things" on her television show in 2000. Prior to officially establishing the company, Blakely had sent a basket of Spanx products to Winfrey's television program, with a gift card that explained what she was attempting to develop, and this garnered Winfrey's attention.

Winfrey's production team explained to Blakely that, while Winfrey usually only promoted the product itself, they sought to travel to Blakely's apartment in Atlanta and interviewed her in her home, as Winfrey was especially interested by the entrepreneur's story. At the time, Blakely was still a fax machine salesperson and needed to enlist the help of friends to act as employees for the purposes of the filming of the episode.

Other celebrities who wear the brand are Gwyneth Paltrow and Jessica Alba.

Blakely was later caught on CCTV by a department store repositioning her products so they were displayed more prominently.

Ownership
Spanx is a private company and has not released financial information. Forbes estimates its value at $540 million in 2021. Blakely owns the entirety of the brand and employed approximately 100 personnel as of 2011.

Manufacturing
Highland Mills in Charlotte manufactured the prototypes presented to Neiman Marcus.

In 2000, Blakely recruited friends to fill orders out of her Atlanta apartment. Because Highland had no interest in distribution, Blakely took Spanx production to a small mill in Siler City, which then went out of business. Acme-McCrary Corporation, a hosiery mill founded in Asheboro, North Carolina, in 1908, then took over production and distribution. Sales have grown from about $15 million in 2002, when Acme-McCrary began working with Blakely, to more than $400 million in 2014. The North Carolina firm is no longer the sole manufacturer of Spanx, but remains highly involved with Blakely in new product development, yarn specifications and manufacturing expertise.

title: Spanx


text:
User talk:Jimjamtam

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

Orphaned fair use image (Image:LSE Students' Union.JPG)
Thanks for uploading Image:LSE Students' Union.JPG. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. This is an automated message from BJBot 19:50, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Eternal Greatest Hits.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Eternal Greatest Hits.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 21:33, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jimjamtam


text:
User talk:Rottweiler~enwiki

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Rottweiler. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Rottweiler~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:27, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:15, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rottweiler~enwiki


text:
User talk:Annael~enwiki

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, Articles for deletion page etc.) use 	 ~ (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the test area.
 * You can get help at the Help Desk
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * If you made IP edits before creating a user account, you can attribute your IP edits to your account at Changing attribution for an edit.

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop a note at New user log.

-- Utcursch | Talk to me

Invitation
It would be a pleasure if you chose to join the Quebec Wikipedians' notice board. Circeus 01:49, Mar 11, 2005 (UTC)

User Categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Quebec page as living in or being associated with Quebec. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Quebec for instructions.--Rmky87 23:59, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Annael. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Annael~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 21:59, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:31, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Annael~enwiki


text:
User talk:Lockleong93~enwiki

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Lockleong93! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 01:28, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) José Luís -

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Lockleong93. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Lockleong93~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:10, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 15:33, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lockleong93~enwiki


text:
User talk:WikiGnome

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

Kiss the World vs. Kiss The World
Hi WikiGnome!. I noticed you edits to Kiss the World. A few things to take note of. When an article is to be retitled, it should be moved to the new article title. Copying the text, manually creating the new article and pasting, called a "cut and paste move," destroys the page history of the article. We even have a page just for fixing problems this causes. In this case, the article you pasted to is not a better name. Most articles (the, an, a, etc.) in titles both here and in general are not capitalized. Although there are exceptions, searching through Google reveals that the "the" in Kiss the World is not supposed to be capitalized. Cheers.--Fuhghettaboutit 04:36, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the pointer. I only changed it because someone else had put a note on the talk page suggesting it.WikiGnome 04:43, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Glad to be of service.--Fuhghettaboutit 04:48, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Comment
Hi, I noticed you characerized my edit as vandalism. Let me state that I never intended it as such, and my edit record shows a slew of positive edits which belay that characterization. If it came across as vandalism, it was due to my inexperience with Wikipedia conventions, not with intent. 72.79.198.204 07:30, 14 July 2007 (UTC)
 * your edit (adding that it should be deleted) wasn't vandalism--the previous edit (advertising for a movie of that name) was. I just reverted it to the previous state--a redirect to a disambiguation page.WikiGnome 16:45, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Catlow (band)
Catlow (band), an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Catlow (band) satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Catlow (band) and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Catlow (band) during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Leuko 01:29, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Little Marvin
The page does not contain a text. Xx236 (talk) 11:16, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

Little Marvin moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Little Marvin, is not suitable as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 11:34, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

Concern regarding Draft:Little Marvin
Hello, WikiGnome. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:Little Marvin, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.

If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.

Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 21:02, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Little Marvin

Hello, WikiGnome. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Little Marvin".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. When you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 23:29, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:WikiGnome


text:
User talk:Spampi

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Spampi