text:
User talk:ClockworkSoul/Archive3

Strong support
No worries, I feel you will be an excellent administrator. - Ta bu shi da yu 00:22, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Name Change
Seems like a simple thing, yet I just don't see it. Where my page currently says "User talk:Cjorgensen" and "User:Cjorgensen" I want it to list my full name. I changed it in the nickname field and the tildes sign correctly, but don't see a way to do it on the User page. I can "move" the talk page, but this seems wrong. Maybe I am overlooking the obvious. As a person about to change their though, hopefully you can help. Christopher L. Jorgensen 01:16, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Hello, Christopher. The only thing you can really change is how your nickname is written when you sign it, which you've done. What you're asking about is your username. That's actually more difficult (but possible) to change, because that's the name that the Wikipedia software uses to identify you.

 * You mentioned in your original email to me that you want to edit your user page - is this request related to that? If so, you can still edit your user page without changing your username at all. All you have to do is go to User:Cjorgensen and create a new page there.

 * If you still want to change your username, then take a look at the directions on Changing_username; that page will walk you through the procedure of requesting a full username change. I hope this helps you - if not you know where to find me! ClockworkTroll 03:06, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Doh!
Posted on User talk:Chmod007

Thank you for saving me from my own stupidity. I didn't even see that link... ClockworkTroll 05:06, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * No prob, I thought that might have been the case. I now made it a bit more visible. — David Remahl 05:08, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Botulin toxin
Posted on User_talk:Pakaran

Would you mind citing that souce where you found that the "lethal dose of about 300 pg/kg, meaning that somewhat over a hundred grams (the mass of a few shots of booze) could kill everyone on earth."? Thank in advance! ClockworkTroll 23:22, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Here you go: - the arithmetic to convert to pg, and to determine "everyone on earth" assuming 6.2E9 people of about 70 kg each, is my own, but can be checked with a pocket calculator.  Pakaran (ark a pan) 23:28, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Barnstar
Thanks for the Barnstar :) WhisperToMe 05:19, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * You've earned it. :) -- ClockworkTroll 05:22, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Two questions
Thanks for your welcome. I must admit I was a bit surprised by it, as I had created my account several days previously and wasn't aware of having done anything controversial. So my first thought was (especially with your nickname, which looks at first glance like an automatic non-human thing, at least to people like me who don't know better): the software has finally got around to acknowledging me after several days of existance. My second thought was: oh, it's a real person, so I must have done something wrong to get their attention. I'm glad that's not the case.

I would like to take advantage of your friendly helpfulness to ask two questions.

1. I use the computers at work to pursue my own interests (eg Wikipedia), with my employer's knowledge. When I get to the first page of Wikipedia, and click on "log in or create an account", it already shows my username, with the field for the password blank. I would prefer that it did not show my username. Can this be re-set more securely?

2. I found an article that appears to have been lifted from another webpage. ( I think the plagiarism is this way around, because the other organisation is highly reputable.) I can't list it now, as I seem to have lost my sources, but if I ever find it again, is there someplace I can report this to within Wikipedia? Simply editing out chunks of text (or the whole text) might only result in an edit war.

Many thanks. BrainyBabe 14:13, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)BrainyBabe
 * Taking the opportunity to step in...

 * What browser are you using?
 * Copyright_problems

 * — David Remahl 14:17, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Hello BrainyBabe. Looks like David Remahl beat me to the responses, but I'll elaborate a bit:
 * The contents of that input box, unless somehow stored as a cookie (which we have no way of changing), are specified by your browser's default behavior.
 * If the entire article has been lifted, then remove the text of the article, and replace it with the following:

~

 * As David said, there is alot more detail in Copyright_problems
 * Cheers! — ClockworkTroll 00:14, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Cheers! — ClockworkTroll 00:14, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Contest
To TheArtistFormerlyKnownAsClockworkTroll: Thanks for giving us all a good chuckle with your contest! You're a prince. JamesMLane 06:30, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC) You shouldn't have changed your name! It was a good one. You should've worn it like a badge of pride. You know, I don't mind a troll, but every time I hear about souls I get all jittery. Everyking 06:51, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * It was a blast to have! Plus, I like my shiny new name! ClockworkSoul 06:33, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not going to have to go to the runner up, am I? :D  ClockworkSoul 06:53, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * "ClockworkFrog"? Forget it.  Anything that invokes any suggestion of sympathy for France is forbidden following November 2.  On the other hand, ClockworkFreedomFries would be acceptable.  (Dang, I wish I'd thought of that in time to submit it as an entry.  It would be a fine commentary on this business of renaming things to convey a desired message.)  JamesMLane 07:19, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I think it was a good decision and I'm really pleased you chose one of my suggestions. I guess this makes me an honorary godmother or something ;) -- sannse (talk) 17:18, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Salve, Clockwork! I didn't vote for it, but I laughed when I read the comments on your new name. Congrats on it and for the contest in general, which spurred the most interesting (and cordial) debate I've seen so far here.  Ave!  PedanticallySpeaking 18:10, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)

Congratulations, Troll Soul!
Congratulations! It's my pleasure to let you know that, consensus being reached, you are now an administrator. You should read the relevant policies and other pages linked to from the administrators' reading list before carrying out tasks like deletion, protection, banning users, and editing protected pages such as the Main Page. Most of what you do is easily reversible by other sysops, apart from page history merges and image deletion, so please be especially careful with those. You might find the new administrators' how-to guide helpful. Cheers! -- Cecropia | explains it all ® 05:07, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Cecropia! Also, regarding what you wrote on the admin page, ClockworkTroll did have a great imagery to it, and that was part of the reason I loved it so much. However, times change, and even though the dissenting view was in the minority it was clear that I would be better off in the long-term with the new name. And besides, this one's pretty interesting too: ClockworkSoul has kind of a Descartes Ghost in the Machine feel to it, don't you think? Thanks again! ClockworkSoul 14:31, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Congratulations on adminship. I also want to thank you for being thoughtful enough to consider the issue and make a change because of the concerns of several Wikipedians (including me) about your username.  —Lowellian (talk)   21:46, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)

The Law of Everything is 3.
Hi. I've posted in the TOE Discusson and have only been getting it deleted. I'm convinced that I'm on the right track, but I'm looking for any and ALL feedback to this matter. So far I haven't gotten any. I realize this is a high level claim, and expected of top scholars and distingushed scientists who entail a practical and highly objective point of view. I would like to add my own point of view in my own way. :)

I have written a document and have it available at the following URL.

http://aten.hostingave.net/~gary/toe.txt

I realize this must appear substandard and unacceptible for wide community publishing. But I want to get it out there and start on a whole new train.

Warm Regards,

AtoI 18:40, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)AtoI

ClockworkSoul Replies
Hello, Atoi. I'm very glad that you felt that you could come to me with this dilemma of yours. I'm not a physicist, but I'll be glad to try to help.

I read the web page you referred me to, as well as your many posts to Talk:Theory_of_everything. Its good to see that people still get passionate about ideas, but there are some flaws in your posting.

First, the writing style is very awkward and is difficult to read. Take for example, the following cryptic statement:

Explain: 111(333/111)333(111/333)111(333/111)333 8 c )  3 1 4 1 3 << look familiar?

If you want to make a logical point, I would recommend that you carefully explain your premises and conculsions, and walk your reader though your logic.

Also, I notice that when you do describe your premises, you tend to leave it to the reader to figure out how they are connected to your conclusions. For example:

what do we need to drink every day? A molecule of 3. what keeps us safe from the sun? A molecule of 3. how many laws of motion? 3 how many meals a day? 3. how many times does a day job worker get a break? 3. hehe. that's just facetious but true. how many corners/lines in a triangle? 3. Infinity = 3.

In this statement, you seem to be implying that because you can find many examples of groupings of three, then three must be the nature of the universe. However, by similar logic, one could also say that the nature of the universe is blue, human, concrete, or a an insect. Similarly, it can be said that most things are not pink, and therefore neither is anything else.

Lastly, from the WikiPolicy perspective, even if your ideas have a root in theories promosed many years ago, Wikipedia does not carry original research of this nature. Perhaps you may may have better luck submitting this idea to Physical Review?

In conclusion, though we genuinely value your input, and your ideas show alot of creativity, Wikipedia is not a good place to present them.

Regards, ClockworkSoul 20:08, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

--- Thanks. I greatly appreciate it. :) AtoI 03:51, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Deus ex machina ;-)
ClockworkSoul has kind of a Descartes Ghost in the Machine feel to it, don't you think?

 * Yes, I do. :) -- Cecropia | explains it all ® 07:48, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmmm ... sounds more like a character in a Discworld novel to me ;-) Elf-friend 08:29, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Name
It's a bit late to bring this up, but I must say that I'm coming around to a different point of view on this name issue. Having an admin named Troll seems almost defiant to the real trolls, as though they bother us so little we're happy to use the name. Well, just a very belated thought. Very Verily 12:30, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Heya, VV. Sorry for the slow response: "real life" has been holding me prisoner lately, but I managed to get it drunk and escape. A few other people mentioned made this point, and I think that it was one of the best arguments in favor of keeping the old name. Oh, well, though: what's done is done, and at least I got to have a fun contest, right? :) ClockworkSoul 15:57, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

adminship
you're quite welcome! And I must say that Very has an interesting point above. :-) (Maybe someday we'll have a user named TroubledByTrolls... or UntroubledByTrolls...) Antandrus 16:13, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Stop it - now you want to make me change my name again! ClockworkSoul 16:15, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

You are most welcome ClockworkSoul. By the way, I hope you noticed my bragging about naming you on my user page ;) -- sannse (talk) 16:18, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I was looking for a good image to give you - looks like you've beaten me to it! Being creative as usual, I guess! ClockworkSoul 16:22, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

You're welcome, and congrats on the name change, it's a good one, and on your promotion to adminship. Impi 16:33, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

You were a rarely obvious candidate. Nice username. cheers, dab 16:35, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * That's a very kind thing of you to say, Dab. Thanks again! ClockworkSoul 16:38, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Congrats, CS. Great username choice. --Whosyourjudas (talk) 16:46, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Congrats, User:LikeClockwork... as I intend to call you. ;-) func (talk) 19:19, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

/me prides himself with nominating this fine new admin :-). — David Remahl 19:31, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Aw, shucks. You're going to make me blush, too! ClockworkSoul 19:35, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Congrats, It was an honor to vote for you. You have the education, dedication and ability to be a great administrator. Do a good job like you've been doing so far. I hope that you count me among your Wikipedian friends, for me it would be an honor. Tony the Marine
 * Thanks again, this time for your very kind words; I do indeed count you among my Wikipedian friends. I promise that I will strive to live up to your generous praise. ClockworkSoul 20:13, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Congratulations, although I liked your old name better! I'm sure you'll be a brilliant admin. Andre ( talk )A| 22:29, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

The Working Man's Barnstar
Posted on User_talk:Blankfaze

Hi, Blankfaze. I'm doing some work cleaning up and clarifying the various barnstars on Barnstars on Wikipedia, but I'm kind of stuck on the The Working Man's Barnstar. As the creator, would you take a look at the summary I placed there, and let me know if that was your original intent? Many thanks, ClockworkSoul 18:25, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi! Thanks for trying to clean the page up.  Your summary of The Working Man's Barnstar was good, but I changed it, hope you don't mind, to something I thought was closer to my original intent.  Thanks again. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 22:24, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Why would I mind. After all, that's why I contacted you. :) ClockworkSoul 22:42, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I see you sport a funky new name
Good choice :-) I'm also glad to see you make admin! - Ta bu shi da yu 06:17, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for the kind words about the article. I'm glad it has proven useful. For over a year it just consisted of the tables which bugged me so I finally got around to fleshing it out. Unfortunately my "skilled eye" is rather short-sighted and the article represents pretty much all my knowledge on the subject of chemical warfare -- my field of expertise is limited to the First World War. That said, I shall follow the chemical warfare articles and do what I can to help, especially when it comes to WWI stuff. Geoff/Gsl 07:55, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The Photographer's Barnstar
Posted on User_talk:Grunt

It's a thing of beauty. Nice work! User:ClockworkSoul 03:14, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * May it be used well. :) -- Grunt 🇪🇺 03:23, 2004 Nov 27 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your welcome.

I discovered Wikipedia during my searches for historical information, which I was collecting as part of a project I had in mind for a site of my own. I'm now thinking of how I can combine the two and have posted a proposal on my talk page. Could you take a look and see what you think, - before I make a wider plea for comments.

Maxx 13:33, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the extensive comments, plenty of food for thought there. Maxx 22:31, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for welcoming me
Thanks for welcoming me. I have fallen in love with Wiki, and hope I don't do anything stupid. But I trust that you and many other people are waiting to attack any mistakes I make. Pookleblinky 08:05, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Not at all! With the exception of a few rough personalities, the large majority of Wikipedians are more than patient, especially with newcomers. :) Once again, welcome, and don't be afraid to be bold! -- User:ClockworkSoul 08:11, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks and hello
Thank-you for taking the time to welcome me. I'd been editing Wikipedia anonymously for a while before I registered back in Feb, but I haven't been very active until recently. I think I'm probably a WikiGnome, in that I mostly make minor edits and corrections; it's nice to be finally spotted! :-)

Stuz 11:48, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Chemical weapon status for France
Posted on User_talk:David.Monniaux

Heya David. I finally got around to working on chemical weapon proliferation and I remembered your question. Here's what I found for France:

France's chemical weapon programs ran during the years of 1921-1926, then were dormant from 1927-1934, and restarted from 1940-1945 (under German occupation). The only weapons it ever produced were chlorine and phosgene: it never manufactured or possessed nerve agents of any kind, especially VX.

Also, as per http://cns.miis.edu/research/cbw/possess.htm:

 * In a 1988 speech to the United Nations, French President, Mitterrand, claimed that France had no chemical weapons, and would produce none. Victor A. Utgoff, The Challenge of Chemical Weapons: An American Perspective, (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1991), pp. 123-124.

Hope this helps! -- User:ClockworkSoul 23:51, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

More chemical weapons
Hi, I was looking over your excellent work-in-progress at User:ClockworkSoul/Chemical Weapon Proliferation, and it occurred to me that there's a status (or column, perhaps) that isn't quite captured with your current format. I'm thinking particularly of the UK's reported (or self-confessed, I think) status - the UK MoD says that the UK has tiny stockpiles of lots of chemical weapons types, but retains them only to test the effectiveness of their chemical weapons countermeasures (antidotes, dispersal agents, NBC suits, detectors, etc.), and that they aren't in a weaponised form or loaded into any kind of delivery system. So I suppose that would fall into a category between "doesn't have any" and "has a weapons capability". I'd guess that any number of countries will adopt (or claim to) a similar approach. -- John Fader
 * Hi, John. I'm glad you like my work-in-progress. I'm workingon inserting it into chemical warfare, but I may have to fork it off into its own article if it gets too long. Regarding the UK, you're right: The UK is one of several nations that declared small amounts of CW's for the purposes of defensive research, but still do not currently retain the capability to produce those agents on a scale suitable for warfare or possess the means to deploy those agents in the battlefield (fortunately, there are few of them, but details are scant at the moment). I've decided to list only nations that maintain an offensive military stockpile for now, simply because research-only nations don't seem to be listed anywhere. -- User:ClockworkSoul 00:42, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Problem
Firstly, thank you for your kind welcome, and I have a problem. English is not my first language, and so my grammar and lexicon may be a bit wrong. I recently made an article about "De Vulgari Eloquentia" in the English wikipedia, but I don't know if it is correct in the language aspect. I would appreciate an opinion, if it is no bother. Tanks again. Shert 13:23, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hello, Shert. :) I've read over your work, which is very impressive of a recent newcomer such as yourself, especially one whose first language is not English! I made some minor corrections in grammar and style, such as capitalizations and replacing the Italian names of the saints with the English names. If you have time, please take a look at what I did and make sure that I didn't inadvertantly change the intent of any of your writings. Great work! -- User:ClockworkSoul 13:46, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

blkshrt
Thanks for the welcome. Hopefully most of my minor edits and comments to date have been useful/informative. I'm currently looking to assist in a project but it still seems a bit daunting. I'm still studying how to properly format entries (my talk page is a good example of how lame I am on this still.) Many regards--Blkshrt 13:44, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hello Blkshrt! Don't be too intimidated, I have no doubt that you'll do very well here. Don't be afraid to jump right in and help out! Good luck! -- User:ClockworkSoul 13:50, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

thank you
I really appreciated your help! I'll pay more attention to my style and grammar in the future, as to avoid mistakes, and I'll check for the names in the English Wikipedia. I read the article one more time, as you asked, and I found your corrections appropriate. Thanks. Shert 14:17, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * My pleasure! Please feel free to ask me if you have any other questions - I'm more than happy to help. -- User:ClockworkSoul 21:36, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Great job on chemicals
Just wanted to say you've done a fantastic job with your chemical template! Keep up the fantastic work! Zenosparadox 22:39, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hey, somebody noticed! Thanks! -- User:ClockworkSoul 22:40, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thank you!
Holy cow! I'm so honored to receive a barnstar! Thank you for making my day! :) --Wolf530 14:22, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * You deserve it! Now, post it with pride! -- User:ClockworkSoul 15:38, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for taking the time to check out my user page and welcome me. I have been formally welcomed to wikipedia before, but I erased that message after a couple days. Sorry to slip you up and I really appreciate your acknowledgement. --Howrealisreal 18:02, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Many Thanks-Lieutenant Blue
Thank you for your help. I'm greatful for it. -- Lieutenant Blue 17:25, 4 Dec 2004 (GMT)
 * My pleasure! One question, though: how did you end up on my archive page? :) -- ClockworkSoul 17:36, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * My apologies... I'm not sure how I ended up there... -- Lieutenant Blue 17:43, 4 Dec 2004 (GMT)
 * No apologies necessary, I was just curious. :) -- ClockworkSoul 18:04, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thank you very much
Thank you very much! You're extremely nice and I admire your advocacy of involving everyone, extending your (and Wikipedia's) hand to newcomers, and your recognition of others' hard work. We need more people like you and the civility and class you bring along. From one Jon Stewart fan to another, thanks! CinnamonCinder 00:57, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It looks like somebody's been reading up on my history! :) It's my pleasure to welcome somebody who's not afraid to do a little research. -- ClockworkSoul 03:52, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Abusive behaviour
Could you take a look at this diff

Rienzo has forged a comment he alleges I made about him. I did not make it and it is demonstrably not present in my contributions list. Could you consider some sort of punishment for this please?CheeseDreams 15:26, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:ClockworkSoul/Archive3


text:
1989 in rail transport

January events

 * January 1 - Three railways in Norway are closed: Kragerøbanen, Numedalsbanen and Valdresbanen.

February events

 * February 27 – MARC service in Bowie, Maryland, is moved to Bowie State station at Bowie State University, which had room for a large park-and-ride lot and more direct access to Route 197.

March events

 * March 1 - The Abbeville–Grimes Railway (a predecessor of the Bay Line Railroad) begins operations between its namesake cities in Alabama.
 * March 19 – The Toei Shinjuku Line is extended from Shinozaki to its current terminus at Moto-Yawata in Tokyo, Japan.

April events

 * April 1
 * Seibu Railway's Chichibu Line extension to connect with the Chichibu Railway's Chichibu Main Line opens in Japan.
 * The central section of the Akita Nairiku Line between Hitachinai Station and Matsuba Station opens for service in Akita Prefecture, Japan.

July events

 * July 5 – Opening of the Kanazawa Seaside Line connecting Shin-Sugita Station and Kanazawa-hakkei Station in Yokohama, Japan.
 * July 22 – McKinney Avenue Transit Authority begins heritage streetcar service in Dallas, Texas.

September events

 * September 1
 * Opening of Mellunmäki metro station on the Helsinki Metro in Finland, the world's northernmost metro station.
 * Guadalajara light rail system Line 1, Periferio Norte to Seriferico Sur route officially operation service to start, a first light rail system in Guadalajara, Mexico.
 * September 3 – A first section of Istanbul Metro Line M1, Aksaray to Kocatepe route officially regular operation service to start in Turkey.
 * September 17 – The Grand Canyon Railway officially reopens and carries passengers to the Grand Canyon National Park for the first time since 1968.
 * September 24 – LGV Atlantique in France opens from Montrouge to Connerré.

October events

 * October 29 - The Lexington Avenue – 63rd Street, Roosevelt Island and 21st Street – Queensbridge stations on the New York City Subway's 63rd Street Lines open.

November events

 * November 11 - Berlin Jannowitzbrücke station reopens to Berlin U-Bahn trains following opening of the Berlin Wall.

December events

 * December 1 - The Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad is merged into the Missouri Pacific Railroad.
 * December - Passenger service over the South Shore Line is taken over by the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District.

Unknown date events

 * The St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad is formed from the sale of Canadian National Railway's Berlin Subdivision.
 * Ferrovie dello Stato (Italy) introduces ETR 450 trains between Rome and Milan, the first production Fiat Ferroviaria Pendolinos in regular passenger service.
 * Michael R. Haverty is promoted to president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, succeeding W. John Swartz.

Accidents

 * March 4 - The Purley station rail crash in Croydon, near London, leaves five dead and 94 injured.
 * March 6 - In the Glasgow Bellgrove rail crash, one passenger and the driver of one train are killed when two British Rail Class 303 commuter trains collide just east of Bellgrove station in the East End of Glasgow.
 * May 12 - The San Bernardino train disaster occurs in San Bernardino, California, leaving six dead.
 * June 4 - Ufa train disaster: A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia, kills 645 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline.

November deaths

 * November 15 - William N. Deramus III, president of Chicago Great Western Railway 1949–1957, Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad 1957–1961, Kansas City Southern Railway 1961–1973, dies (b. 1915).

December deaths

 * December 6 - C. L. Dellums, cofounder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (b. 1900).
 * December 26 - Buck Crump, president of Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, 1955–1964 and 1966 (b. 1904).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1989 in rail transport


text: User talk:82.156.244.42

title: User talk:82.156.244.42


text:
Yankee (magazine)

Yankee is a bimonthly (once every two months ) magazine about lifestyle, travel and culture in the New England region of the United States, based in Dublin, New Hampshire. The first issue appeared in September 1935. It has a paid circulation of below 300,000 in 2015, from a peak of one million in the 1980s.

Yankee Publishing Inc.
It is published by Yankee Publishing Incorporated (YPI), one of the few remaining family-owned and independent magazine publishers in the United States. YPI also owns the oldest continuously produced periodical in the US, the Old Farmer's Almanac, which it purchased in 1939. In 2013, YPI acquired McLean Communications, publisher of New Hampshire and the New Hampshire Business Review. It is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association.

title: Yankee (magazine)


text: Category:Law enforcement in Israel

title: Category:Law enforcement in Israel


text:
Buzz Hargrove

Basil Eldon "Buzz" Hargrove (born March 8, 1944) is a Canadian labour leader and the former National President of the Canadian Auto Workers. He is currently serving as a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Toronto Metropolitan University's Ted Rogers School of Management.

Born in Bath, New Brunswick, Hargrove first became involved in the automotive sector as a line worker for the Chrysler assembly plant in Windsor, Ontario. He succeeded Bob White as president of the CAW in 1992. On July 8, 2008, he announced his intention to retire, before he turned 65, in September 2008. The CAW National Executive Board and staff endorsed then CAW Local 444 president Ken Lewenza to replace Hargrove as National President, and on September 6, 2008, Lewenza was formally elected to the position at a special union convention.

In 1998, Hargrove co-authored the book Labour of Love: The Fight to Create a More Humane Canada with Wayne Skene. Also in 1998, Brock University honoured him with a Doctorate of Laws degree. He has received honorary doctorates from the University of Windsor in 2003, from Wilfrid Laurier University in 2004, from the University of New Brunswick in 2008, and from Queen's University in 2009. In 2008, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.

Hargrove is seen as a proponent of social unionism, and his supporters claim that he has steered the CAW to become a more activist union. In the field of electoral politics, however, under his leadership the CAW has broken from its longtime support for the left-wing New Democratic Party and lent increasing support instead for the Liberal Party of Canada.

Hargrove is married to Denise Small, a mediation officer for the Ontario Labour Relations Board.

1999 Ontario election
Hargrove was the leading advocate of tactical voting (sometimes also called "strategic voting") in the 1999 Ontario provincial election. Hargrove proposed this approach in an attempt to defeat the Progressive Conservative Party government of Mike Harris. Hargrove's support for this approach, and his union's subsequent commitment of resources in its pursuit, marked the CAW's first major departure from its previous policy of unconditional support of the Ontario New Democratic Party, although the CAW had been somewhat estranged from the Ontario NDP ever since the union had opposed the "Social Contract" austerity measures imposed by the previous 1990-1995 Bob Rae NDP government. The 1999 election, however, was the first time that the union did not at least formally endorse the NDP, instead urging its members (and all voters) to vote for the candidate, NDP or Liberal, that had the best chance of defeating the Progressive Conservative candidate.

Tactical voting not only failed to prevent the re-election of the Tories to another majority government but also was blamed by New Democrats for the party's poor electoral performance, returning only 9 Members of Provincial Parliament, down from 17 in the 1995 election.

An attempt, following the 1999 Ontario election, to expel Hargrove from the Ontario NDP was defeated, but Hargrove's relationship with provincial leader Howard Hampton remained acrimonious.

Federal politics pre–2006
Hargrove was also a long-time critic of federal NDP leader Alexa McDonough, calling for her resignation on several occasions. He criticized McDonough for her effort at modernizing federal NDP policy, which involved moving towards the political centre and adopting "Third Way" policies. Hargrove stated repeatedly that NDP should move to the left instead.

In 2002, he planned to run for the NDP leadership, but found a "notable lack of enthusiasm" for his potential candidacy. He instead endorsed CAW lawyer Joe Comartin who placed fourth.

Hargrove was initially much more publicly supportive of McDonough's successor, Jack Layton, and the CAW unequivocally supported the federal NDP in the 2004 federal election. The NDP made significant gains in popular vote but gained only 5 seats for a total of 19, well short of its aspirations of 40 or more.

Hargrove reportedly played a role in bringing Prime Minister Paul Martin and Jack Layton together to negotiate a budget agreement to keep the federal Liberal government in power in exchange for including NDP proposals in the 2005 federal budget.

However, Hargrove sharply criticized Layton when he joined with Conservative leader Stephen Harper and Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe to bring down the Liberal government with a vote of non-confidence in November 2005. He also echoed his earlier criticism of McDonough by suggesting that Layton, too, was not sufficiently moving the party to the left. The eventual bringing down of the Liberal minority government led to a Conservative minority in the subsequent election.

Tactical voting
For the 2006 Canadian federal election, Hargrove resumed his previous endorsement of tactical voting and urged CAW members (and all voters) to vote for the candidate, NDP or Liberal had the best chance of defeating the Conservative candidate. During the final days of the 2006 campaign, Hargrove urged all progressive voters in Canada to vote Liberal, which he claimed was the only party that could prevent the Conservative Party of Canada from winning the election. He publicly stated that "ideology does not matter" when the reporter asked about his position.

Despite the qualification of his stated support for NDP incumbents and candidates in 40 "winnable" ridings, Hargrove's speech was widely reported by the media as an endorsement of the Liberals. When questioned by a reporter on this, Hargrove also stated that he "did not like the campaign that Jack Layton was running," criticizing Layton for "spending too much time attacking the Liberals." No doubt his photo-op appearance with Paul Martin in matching CAW jackets contributed to this impression. He has been reported as saying that voters should support incumbent NDP MPs and NDP candidates in ridings "where they can defeat the Conservatives."

Break with NDP
Hargrove's strategy caused some controversy among long-time NDP activists and union members who saw him as reneging on core labour and left-wing values. Many of Hargrove's detractors argued that they were significantly affected by the Liberals measures to cut the deficit in the mid-1990s, which strained the health care system. Hargrove's controversial endorsements included 2006 federal Liberal candidates Greig Mordue, a Toyota manager, and Belinda Stronach of Magna International; Toyota maintained a non-unionized North American workforce and Mordue had successfully resisted CAW efforts to organize the Cambridge plant, while Magna was traditionally anti-union under former CEOs Frank Stronach and Donald Walker. In response, they carried anti-Hargrove placards at rallies and distributed buttons with the slogan: "Buzz Off. I'm voting NDP."

Traditional NDP supporters were also opposed to aligning their movement with the Liberals, who were embroiled in the Sponsorship and income trust scandals.

Despite being one of Hargrove's 40 endorsed NDP candidates, Sid Ryan, president of the Ontario chapter of the Canadian Union of Public Employees and the candidate for Oshawa, blamed his loss on tactical voting. Ryan claimed Hargrove's statement confused potential NDP supporters in his riding and caused some of them to vote Liberal even though the Liberal candidate was not a viable contender. A poll in Oshawa found that the proportion of voters sampled who initially planned to vote for Ryan before switching their support to the third-place Liberal candidate late in the campaign (thinking it might help prevent a national Conservative victory) significantly exceeded the narrow margin of Ryan's loss - if the poll is accurate then the tactic did indeed result in Tory Colin Carrie's election.

Some pointed out that Hargrove's call for strategic voting has also caused financial harm to the NDP under Canada's system of public financing for federal elections, which pays a subsidy to each federal party based on their popular vote.

Controversy
On January 18, 2006, Hargrove made a widely criticized speech at a Liberal rally in Ontario where he urged voters in Quebec to vote for the Bloc Québécois in preference to the Conservatives, calling Conservative leader Stephen Harper's view of Canada "a separatist view" and recommending "anything to stop the Tories". The statements forced Liberal leader Paul Martin to defend Harper later in the day by saying "I have profound differences with Mr. Harper, but I have never questioned his patriotism". Afterwards, many commentators viewed Hargrove as having been an active hindrance to the gaffe-filled Liberal campaign.

Hargrove also attacked the principles of Albertans, and Stephen Harper in particular (though Harper was actually born and raised in Toronto, Ontario, moving to Alberta only in his early twenties), saying "His sense, is about Alberta, where the wealth in Alberta, everyone recognizes, is much greater than it is anywhere in Canada. The principles that (Harper's) brought up with, and believes in coming out of there, don't sit well with the rest of Canada."

Results
Near the end of the 2006 campaign, sensing the momentum that would result in a Conservative victory, NDP leader Jack Layton defied Paul Martin and Hargrove's pleas to unite all progressive voters under the Liberal banner. Layton intensified his attacks on the Liberal scandals, while also pledging to use the NDP's clout in a minority government to "keep the Conservatives in check".

The NDP increased their caucus to 29 seats, a significant gain over the 2004 election. Hargrove afterwards argued that strategic voting had prevented the Conservatives from forming a majority government and suggested that the three main opposition parties could form a coalition to get several key pieces of legislation passed.

Suspension from the NDP
Following the election, on February 11, 2006, the provincial executive body of the Ontario NDP voted to suspend Hargrove's NDP membership and effectively expel him from the party for supporting the Liberals. This move also automatically suspended his membership in the federal party; the NDP, unlike other major Canadian parties, is integrated at the federal and provincial/territorial levels. Hargrove stated he was "shocked and surprised" by this decision, but he would not apologize for his actions during the 2006 election nor would he commit not to endorse candidates for other parties in the future. On February 23, 2006, Hargrove also confirmed that he would not appeal the Ontario NDP executive body's decision.

The CAW retaliated against the NDP for Hargrove's suspension by severing all union ties with the Party, a move formalized at the CAW's 2006 convention.

2006 CAW leadership race
On December 9, 2005, Hargrove confirmed that he would seek a sixth and final three-year term as CAW President at the union's convention in Vancouver, British Columbia, in August, 2006. This would be the final term that Hargrove would be eligible to serve under the CAW constitution, which provides for mandatory retirement at age 65. Hargrove was to be 62 years old at the time of the upcoming CAW convention.

On February 8, 2006, Maclean's reported rumours that, for the first time, Hargrove may face an opposing candidate for the CAW presidency. CAW Local 1256 chair and Oakville and District Labour Council President Willie Lambert was subsequently confirmed as an opposition candidate. In 1999, Lambert won the support of over 40% of voting delegates at that year's Ontario Federation of Labour (OFL) convention, in an unsuccessful challenge to Wayne Samuelson for the OFL presidency.

On February 13, 2006, the CAW's former chief economist Sam Gindin raised a series of questions about the political, electoral and bargaining orientation of the CAW in an open letter addressed to Hargrove. That letter, Hargrove's response and Gindin's response to Hargrove were posted on the Canadian political website rabble. Gindin later wrote another piece criticizing recent bargaining concessions by the CAW at the General Motors plant in Oshawa, Ontario, which was published in the Socialist Project bulletin on March 22.

On May 22, 2006, auto parts workers at A.G. Simpson in Oshawa, Ontario, went on strike against their employer. Hargrove characterized the dispute as a "wildcat" (unauthorized) strike and criticized the workers involved, describing the situation as a "powder keg" that threatened other auto workers jobs. Hargrove's rival Lambert, however, fully supported the workers, joining the picket line and condemning Hargrove's conduct in an open letter. The labour dispute was successfully resolved on May 25, 2006, although the workers involved remained critical of Hargrove and the National CAW's interventions.

On June 22, 2006, the executive committee of CAW Local 1256, Lambert's home local, adopted a motion to reconsider its support for Lambert's campaign and lend support instead to Hargrove. Lambert alleges that the local executive took this action at the prompting of Hargrove's executive assistant, Hemi Mitic, who allegedly threatened to dissolve Local 1256 and merge it into the larger CAW Local 707. Both Mitic and the local union president, James MacKenzie, deny this allegation. The motion to reconsider support for Lambert was overwhelmingly defeated by the general membership of Local 1256 on July 9, 2006, confirming that Local 1256 continued to support Lambert.

The CAW's Constitutional Convention, at which the leadership election was scheduled to occur, took place Tuesday, August 15 through Friday, August 18 at the Vancouver Convention & Exhibition Centre. Delegates were scheduled to vote for CAW executive officers on Thursday, August 17. However, on Wednesday, August 16, the union announced that Lambert had withdrawn his candidacy for CAW president, leaving Hargrove unopposed. This was, however, a half-truth. According to standard union practice, candidates for CAW offices must be nominated before they can run. As Lambert was not himself a delegate, the decision on whether or not he was able to contest the presidency fell to the nearly 1000 elected delegates present. Since no one came forward, even delegates from his own local which had recently declared its unanimous support for his candidacy-—Lambert was effectively barred from contesting the leadership and Hargrove was therefore acclaimed for another term.

Basking in the glow of his "victory", Hargrove concluded his acceptance speech by proposing to his long-time girlfriend Denise Small. Small accepted. The two were subsequently married at a small, private ceremony in Toronto on December 22, 2007.

Hargorve criticized the Ontario legislature when all three parties (Liberals, Progressive Conservatives, and NDP) passed emergency back-to-work legislation, after a wildcat strike by the Toronto Transit Commission union.

2007 Ontario election
In the 2007 Ontario provincial election the CAW as a union again endorsed strategic voting. Hargrove, however, again went further to slam both the NDP and its leader, Howard Hampton. He told the editorial board of the Toronto Star that the NDP had "lost complete touch" with the people of Ontario and that he saw "absolutely no reason to vote NDP." Hargrove then went on to lavish praise on the Ontario Liberals, claiming the party had been "more left than the NDP over the last four years" and predicting left-leaning voters would vote Liberal in the upcoming election. The Ontario Liberal Party ultimately won a second consecutive majority government.

Books and films

 * Buzz Hargrove is featured in the 1985 National Film Board documentary Final Offer by Sturla Gunnarsson and Robert Collision. It follows the 1984 contract negotiations with General Motors that saw the CAW's birth, and split with the UAW.
 * Buzz Hargrove is the author of the books "Labour of Love" (1998) and "Laying It On The Line" (2009).

Currently
On February 27, 2009, Buzz Hargrove replaced Eric Lindros as the NHLPA ombudsman on an interim basis. He would later resign from the position on November 8, 2009.

title: Buzz Hargrove


text:
User:Mzajac/Copyright

I agree to multi-license all my text contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

My image contributions remain licensed under the GFDL only:

title: User:Mzajac/Copyright


text:
Talk:Military history of China before 1912

Suggestions for Building on a Strong Start
Friends --

I wanted to consult this article for various reasons, and found much useful material. But it strikes me that while it has been built up through hard work with much weighty material, much of the article was done by piece by piece additions and very much needs to be pruned and reworked. Here are some thoughts from an outsider with experience both in Wikipedia and in the scholarship of Chinese history:

 * The lede implies misleadingly that there has always been a "China," even though the article refers to the Warring States period, when there was no such political entity, only Warring States. So the statements in the first section about armies being tasked with defending and expanding "China" are not consistent. I propose to cut this section, which does not add information in any case.
 * Inconsistencies strike my eye in many places. For instance, a young reader could not know that An Lushan and An Shi refer to the same rebellion.
 * Many of the sources are way out of date when there are recent works which are much more reliable. Putnam Weale is a notoriously unreliable book. See my comments at Talk:Boxer Rebellion
 * Wikipolicy surely calls for giving precedence to English language sources. References to Li and Zheng Yin. (Chinese) (2001). 5000 years of Chinese history. Inner Mongolian People's publishing corp. ISBN 7-204-04420-7. should be replaced.
 * Harper's Magazine of 1894, Atlantic Monthly, Overland Monthly: not serious references.
 * Arthur Smith was a great observer, but should be used for color and detail, not basic factual coverage.
 * Le Coq of 1928 is not up to date.
 * Charles Bell is listed as 1992, but it is a 1992 reprint of an earlier and, here, not appropriate work.
 * Hugh Baker is an estimable scholar, but his work is on Hong Kong.
 * Carter was a brave piece of work in 1955, but has been superseded by the Needham volume.
 * The Royal Asiatic Society article is old, likewise Formosa Under the Dutch.

Here are strong recent works which should be used. I will add them to the list of further readings:

 * Nicola Di Cosmo, Military Culture in Imperial China (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009).
 * Edward L. Dreyer,Frank Algerton Kierman,John King Fairbank, et al., Chinese Ways in Warfare (Cambridge, Mass.,: Harvard University Press, 1974).
 * William Hardy McNeill, The Pursuit of Power : Technology, Armed Force, and Society since A.D. 1000 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982).
 * Andrew Scobell, China's Use of Military Force: Beyond the Great Wall and the Long March (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
 * Yuan-Kang Wang, Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011).

And how can an article on this topic be taken seriously without even listing the volumes in Needham's Science and Civilisation in China?

 * Joseph Needham, Ping-Yü Ho, Wang Ling and Gwei-Djen Lu. Military Technology : The Gunpowder Epic. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1986.  ISBN 0521303583 9780521303583.

 * Joseph Needham and Krzysztof Gawlikowski. Military Technology : Missiles and Sieges. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002.  ISBN 052132727X 9780521327275.

I sympathize with the comments in earlier discussions on this page that some references are only available in university libraries, but after an article is established, it is not a good idea to maintain it with unreliable and (sometimes) unacceptable sources whose attraction is that they are available online. Sometimes we might better serve our readers to delete an article rather than maintain a misleading one. There is too much solid and useful material in this article to have its credibility weakened by the problems I am pointing to.

Again, despite my critical comments, I very much appreciate the work which a group has put into this page! ch (talk) 03:45, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

There is very little mention of the Opium wars. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.152.184.236 (talk) 03:39, 8 December 2015 (UTC)

 * whats wrong with the old magazines like Harper's Magazine of 1894, Atlantic Monthly, Overland Monthly and royal asiatic society? if TIME magazine, now in 2011 reports on the state of the military of Russia right now, and 100 years later in 2111 someone uses that article as a reference for the history of the Russian military, the information would still be largely valid, its not compromised by its age.DÜNGÁNÈ (talk) 02:04, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Hi DÜNGÁNÈ:

 * Good to hear from you after seeing all your good work on a number of pages. We have a lot of interests in common, so I am happy to explain myself. I apologize for seeming picky but there is actually an important principle at stake.

 * The problem is that these sources, especially the magazines. are untested. As a veteran editor, you know that Wikipolicy calls for Verifiability, not Truth, and discourages Original Research. This is the very good reason why No_Original_Research discourages such sources as you mention. It is difficult to tell when a report from the time of the event is actually based on whether the authors "viewed things" which no modern author could see, whether they made it up, whether they misunderstood what they saw, or whether there is an article in the next week's issue which says the opposite. Using a single such report would be like using the testimony of only one witness in a trial without cross examination and without further documentary or circumstantial evidence. We don't know who the authors are except for their names or whether they have good qualifications. Scholars who come later have several advantages which compensate for the fact that they were not there. They can read the testimony of conflicting witnesses, use sources (such as documents and archives) which the eyewitnesses did not have access to, and must submit their findings to the judgments of other scholars who have experience in the field. It is true that later scholars have their own points of view, but they have to convince readers who do not share it.

 * Your example of TIME magazine is a good one, but it shows why we cannot rely on such reports. In fact, TIME magazine reports on the state of the Russian military from the 1950s on down to the 1980s have been shown to be unreliable. I agree that a report is not, as you well put it, "compromised by its age," but it is compromised by the fact that it did not have access to archives which show the better information which was classified at the time.

 * An excellent example is Putnam Weal's Discreet Letters from Peking, which claims to be an eyewitness account but is probably not.

 * I completely agree with Wikipolicy that primary sources can be used to supply color or quotes which give a flavor of the times, but not for basic reporting which may or may not have withstood the test of time.

 * I hope this clarifies things. ch (talk) 02:35, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

POV
It is stated that the Boxer Rebellion "shattered the western claim that a foreign army could occupy China without opposition from the Chinese". This is biased and inaccurate. There was no claim that foreign armies could occupy China, with or without opposition. The Boxer Rebellion was an attack on foreigners and foreign embassies, and from the foreigners perspective was purely a defensive operation.101.98.175.68 (talk) 21:16, 18 April 2014 (UTC)
 * I've replaced the offending sentence with some background and a quote showing what Smith actually wrote. Philg88 ♦talk 09:23, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

Not only the Boxer incident is biased. No mention is made of the 1st Opium War (because the chinese navy lost it?). Chinese military prowess is absurdly exaggerated, to the point of rendering historical facts (Unequal Treaties, European expeditions,...) incomprehensible.

Electric torpeoes
There was a discussion of these infernal devices at Torpedo Talk Page] which suggested that the usage of "torpedo" has changed and that in this period it most likely means what we would call a "mine," that is, a static device. I'm not opposed to cutting this reference, but it is in fact a good reading of two sources, not a misreading. I did correct the misreading of the author from "Bret Harte" (!). ch (talk) 06:45, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

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Information of Questionable Reliability
Hello Wikipedians, I was researching information on the logistics aspect of ancient china. The Equipment and technology section of this article originally contained a lot of [citation needed], which was removed in 2017. Going further back, a large part of this article in its current form was written by a single author in 2009. Furthermore, the section on Chemical Weapons and Logistics cites the book [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_China_before_1911&direction=next&oldid=297279260#:~:text=Temple%2C%20Robert.%20(1986).%20The%20Genius%20of%20China%3A%203%2C000%20years%20of%20science%2C%20discovery%20and%20invention.%20Introduction%20by%20Joseph%20Needham.%20Simon%20%26%20Schuster%20Inc.%20ISBN%200671620282. 'The Genius of China: 3,000 years of science, discovery and invention'] by pseudoscientific writer Robert K.G. Temple. This section was expanded on by the same user and the same source a year later. Most of the stuff citing Temple was removed in 2010 and replaced with citation needed. However, some of the 'information' attributed to Temple still remain, including most of the logistics and chemical weapons section.

tl;dr: Needs better sources in Chemical weapons and Logistics sections 76.175.1.167 (talk) 19:07, 6 May 2023 (UTC)


text: Talk:Electroshock weapon

title: Talk:Electroshock weapon


text:
Category:Denver Public Library images

__NOGALLERY__

Images from the Denver Public Library's Western History Department collection. A fair use justification for the use of these images is claimed, but permission for use on Wikipedia has also been obtained by User:Morven.

title: Category:Denver Public Library images


text: User talk:81.153.33.120

title: User talk:81.153.33.120


text:
Kara Lynn Joyce

'Kara Lynn Joyce (born October 25, 1985), is an American former competition swimmer and four-time Olympic silver medalist. She competed as a member of the United States Olympic Team at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympics.

Early years
Joyce was born in Brooklyn, New York. She split her high school years between Irondequoit, New York at Eastridge High School, Webster, New York and Ann Arbor, Michigan, where the family relocated to in 2001. It was in Ann Arbor that Joyce began training with Club Wolverine under Jon Urbanchek. Joyce also chose to compete for her high school team, the Ann Arbor Pioneers. In her senior year of high school, she set five Michigan high school state records, four of which were national high school records at the time. (Her state records are in the 50-yard, 100-yard and 200-yard freestyle as well as the 200-yard and 400-yard freestyle relays. While only able to swim a total of four events, Joyce set the 50-yard freestyle record by leading-off the 200-yard freestyle relay.)

In total, Joyce broke five national high school records.

College career
Joyce attended the University of Georgia (UGA), where she swam for coach Jack Bauerle's Georgia Bulldogs swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Southeastern Conference (SEC) competition from 2004 to 2007. During her first year, Joyce won two individual NCAA championships (50-meter and 100-meter freestyle, short course), and helped Georgia to its third consecutive national runner-up finish. As a sophomore, she along with junior Mary DeScenza led Georgia to its first NCAA Women's Swimming and Diving Championship in four years and defended her individual titles in the 50-yard and 100-yard freestyle, as well as adding a fourth place in the 200-yard freestyle. Joyce was also a key swimmer on four of Georgia's five NCAA Championship relays. En route to their victory, the Bulldogs became the first team in NCAA swimming history to win all five relays.

During the 2006 NCAA Championships, contested at UGA's Gabrielsen Natatorium, Joyce led the Bulldogs to a second-place finish with five NCAA titles and Swimmer of the Year honors. On the first day of the meet, she broke the American record in the 50-yard freestyle, previously held by former Bulldog Maritza Correia. Joyce defended her 100-yard freestyle title and added to that with a win in the 200-yard freestyle. By winning all three, she became the first swimmer in the 25-year history of the Women's NCAA Championships to win the 50-yard, 100-yard, and 200-yard freestyle events.

Joyce earned All-American honors three consecutive years. She was the recipient of the 2006–07 Honda Sports Award for Swimming and Diving, recognizing her as the outstanding college female swimmer of the year.

2004 Athens Summer Olympics

At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Joyce earned a pair of silver medals as a member of the 4×100-meter freestyle and the 4×100-meter medley relays. In her individual events, Joyce finished fifth in both the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyle races.

2005 World Aquatics Championships
At the 2005 World Aquatics Championships, Joyce received a bronze medal competing in 4×100-meter freestyle relay.

2008 Beijing Summer Olympics
At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Joyce once again earned a pair of silver medals as a member of the 4×100-meter freestyle and the 4×100-meter medley relays. In her individual event, Joyce finished sixth in the 50-meter freestyle.

2012 Summer Olympics
At the 2012 United States Olympic Trials in Omaha, Nebraska, the qualifying meet for the U.S. Olympic team, Joyce qualified for her third Olympics by finishing second in the 50-meter freestyle with a time of 24.73 seconds. Additionally, she placed 18th in the heats of the 100-meter freestyle.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Joyce posted a time 25.28 seconds in Heat 8 of the 50-meter freestyle, forcing her into a swim-off with two other competitors for the sixteenth and final spot in the 50-meter semi-finals. Spurred on by the home crowd, British competitor Amy Smith won the swimoff with a time of 24.82, ending Joyce's participation in the event.

title: Kara Lynn Joyce


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Talk:Geography of Tasmania

odd items from the past

 * "so similar in some ways to pre-industrial England". so did the climate of english change after industrilisation?
 * This page needs urgent expansion - so similar to the content on the Tasmania page. Enochlau 22:51, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Tasmania map
Click here to see proposed new map. Kelisi 18:59, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

This article is long overdue for improvement
The recently improved geology of Tasmania article should help SatuSuro 02:36, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geography of Tasmania


text:
Manzanera

Manzanera is a small town and municipality in the province of Teruel, part of the autonomous community of Aragón, Spain. It is in the Gúdar-Javalambre comarca and it has 540 people. It is close to the ski area called Javalambre.

Geography
Manzanera is a settlement located in the South of Aragon, at an altitude of 960 m above sea level in the Sierra de Javalambra, where the tallest point of the province is located as well as one of the tallest of the Iberian System, near the Province of Castellón. It enjoys a continental Mediterranean climate with cold winters and mild summers.

The municipality is composed of various settlements besides the main nucleus of Manzanera, these are Los Cerezos, Alcotas, El Paúl, Los Olmos, Las Alhambras, and Paraíso Bajo; as well as some uninhabited neighbourhoods such as Torre de Alcotas, Torre de los Peones, and Paraíso Alto. There are several country houses, called masías, scattered throughout the municipal limits. Manzanera is located about 50 km from Teruel and 110km from Valencia, the nearest highways are the A-23 and N-234, found 10 km from town.

Through Manzanera flows the River Albentosa, tributary of the River Mijares, formed barely one kilometre before reaching town after the union of the small rivers called Torrijas (which in turn just received the waters from the River Paraíso) and Los Olmos.

title: Manzanera


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North Bronx

The North Bronx is the northern section of the Bronx, one of the five boroughs of New York City. It is bordered by Westchester County to the north, the South Bronx to the south, the Hudson River to the west and the Long Island Sound to the east. The western part is more urbanized and hilly than its eastern counterpart, just like the rest of the borough. Despite being recognized as different from the South Bronx, the actual borders of the North Bronx is undefined. One commonly set border is Fordham Road/Pelham Parkway, the upper limit for widespread poverty and arson during the 1970s and 1980s.

Overall, the North Bronx is better off than the South Bronx despite gentrification occurring in both. The North Bronx has the affluent cluster of neighborhoods centered around Riverdale, including the former, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Hudson Hills, and to a lesser extent, Kingsbridge. The North Bronx is home to the largest shopping district along Fordham Road, with shops as far west as University Avenue and as east as Third Avenue. Tracey Towers, the second tallest buildings in the Bronx are located here. Only the Harlem River Park Towers are taller, at 404 feet compared to 400 feet for Tracey Towers. However, the North Bronx is home to the largest housing development in Co-op City.

Neighborhoods include Riverdale, Bedford Park, Fordham, Norwood, Woodlawn Heights, Wakefield, Baychester, and Co-op City.

History
European contact with the Bronx first occurred almost 400 years ago. In 1609, Henry Hudson, probably the first European to see the shoreline, sought cover from a storm for his vessel the Halve Maen in Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Thirty years later in 1639, the mainland was settled by Jonas Bronck, a Swedish sea captain from the Netherlands who eventually built a farmstead at what became 132nd Street and Lincoln Avenue; a small group of Dutch, German, and Danish servants settled with him.

Most of the eastern half of the area now known as the Bronx was bought in 1654 by Thomas Pell (named for Pelham Bay, Bronx) of Connecticut, who invited sixteen families to form the village of Westchester near what is now Westchester Square. Westchester was between 1683 and 1714 the seat of Westchester County (which included the Bronx until the second half of the nineteenth century) and as a chartered borough was the only town in the colony with an elected mayor. In addition, it was the first town without a property qualification for suffrage: settlers chose a representative to the provincial assembly and had their own municipal court. Horses, cattle, sheep and wheat were the main agricultural products and a cottage industry in cloth making thrived.

During English rule most inhabitants were English, of English descent, or Dutch. Anglicanism was the religion sanctioned by colonial law, but Presbyterians, Quakers, and members of the Dutch Reformed church were in the majority. The first blacks, slaves from the West Indies, soon made up 10 to 15 percent of the population. Native Americans left the area soon after 1700.

The North Bronx saw constant conflict During the American Revolution. Battle of Pell Point 18 about 750 men led Colonel John Glover Marblehead Massachusetts stayed march four thousand and Hessians enabling evacuate his White Plains In Westchester. For much rest war Bronx remained hands was subjected raids rebels that caused widespread destruction. November 1783, however Governor Clinton began a from Van Cortlandt Mansion take possession New York City departing English.

During the early nineteenth century the chief occupations of lower Westchester County were growing wheat and raising livestock; between 1800 and 1830 the population rose from 1755 to 3023. Severe famine in Ireland and the growth of industry and commerce in the city drew thousands of Irish to the Bronx as laborers.

Many Irish immigrants were employed in the construction of the High Bridge over the Harlem River, the New York and Harlem Railroad, and the Croton Aqueduct. Much of the area consisted of fertile lands that yielded fruits, vegetables, and dairy products for sale in the city. The first railroad tracks were laid over these lands, and rural stations eventually became the centers of new villages such as Melrose, Tremont, and Riverdale, Bronx.

After the Second World War, new housing was built and the makeup of the population changed. Construction ranged from luxury apartment buildings in Riverdale to public housing in the southern Bronx. Longtime residents and former servicemen moved from older housing into privately built housing in the North Bronx. As commuting by automobile became more convenient, high-rise apartment building were erected in neighborhoods along the new roads, including Spuyten Duyvil and Riverdale. Co-op City, a complex of 15,372 units built in the North Bronx between 1968 and 1970, housed sixty thousand people and was among the largest housing developments in the world.

title: North Bronx


text:
Category:Otto Perry images

__NOGALLERY__ Photographs by the late Otto Perry (b.1894, d.1970). From the collection held at the Denver Public Library's Western History Department. Fair use for these images is claimed, and permission for Wikipedia use has also been obtained by User:Morven.

title: Category:Otto Perry images


text:
User talk:ERDINC

my message
Welcome to my talk, i can't write in perfect english, although i speak it very well, so you have to excuse my faults ; ) ERDINC 22:27, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

April 2017
Your recent editing history shows that you are currently engaged in an edit war. To resolve the content dispute, please do not revert or change the edits of others when you are reverted. Instead of reverting, please use the talk page to work toward making a version that represents consensus among editors. The best practice at this stage is to discuss, not edit-war. See BRD for how this is done. If discussions reach an impasse, you can then post a request for help at a relevant noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases, you may wish to request temporary page protection.

Being involved in an edit war can result in your being blocked from editing—especially if you violate the three-revert rule, which states that an editor must not perform more than three reverts on a single page within a 24-hour period. Undoing another editor's work—whether in whole or in part, whether involving the same or different material each time—counts as a revert. Also keep in mind that while violating the three-revert rule often leads to a block, you can still be blocked for edit warring—even if you don't violate the three-revert rule—should your behavior indicate that you intend to continue reverting repeatedly. Black Kite (talk) 23:04, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

 * thats an attempt at intimidation and blackmailing, i will contact an lawyer for this issue, you are using your admin role for intimidation and blackmailing ERDINC (talk) 23:12, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

You have been blocked indefinitely from editing for making legal threats or taking legal action. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may request an unblock by first reading the guide to appealing blocks, then adding the following text to the bottom of your talk page:. You are not allowed to edit Wikipedia while the threats stand or the legal action is unresolved. Black Kite (talk) 23:13, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

I contacted wikimedia on this issue. You will hear from my lawyers - this is not your sub-reality here, you used your rights for disruptively editing the article of the prophet Muhammad and afterwards you wrote me that I was the evil guy, but you are the evil guy that is misusing his privileges here. ERDINC (talk) 23:17, 4 April 2017 (UTC)
 * Talk page access revoked. See WP:UTRS if you want to appeal your block. Boing! said Zebedee (talk) 23:22, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:ERDINC


text: User talk:68.9.142.168

title: User talk:68.9.142.168


text:
1849 in rail transport

January events

 * January 27 – The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the North Carolina Railroad to complete a rail line from Goldsboro through Raleigh and Salisbury to Charlotte.

February events

 * February 20 – The Scioto and Hocking Valley Railroad (which eventually was absorbed by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad) is chartered in Ohio to build a railroad from Portsmouth through Piketon and Chillicothe to Lancaster.

March events

 * March 3 – The Pacific Railroad, a predecessor of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, is chartered in Missouri.
 * March 5 – The Blue Ridge Railroad is chartered by the Virginia General Assembly to construct a rail line over the Blue Ridge Mountains for the Louisa Railroad.
 * March 24 – The Pittsburg and Steubenville Railroad, which eventually became the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway after a foreclosure sale, is chartered in Pennsylvania.
 * March – The governments of India and England form the first agreements of the Old Guarantee System providing land grants to English companies for railroad construction in India.

June events

 * June 20 – First tube of Robert Stephenson's Britannia Bridge is floated into position on the Menai Strait for the Chester and Holyhead Railway's North Wales Coast Line with many leading British railway civil engineers present.

July events

 * July 5 – First part of Paris-Est–Strasbourg-Ville railway opens in France.
 * July 20 – The Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway opens to the public in England, the first suburban railway.

August events

 * August 15 – Robert Stephenson's High Level Bridge for the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway at Newcastle upon Tyne, England is opened permanently for rail traffic.
 * August 17 – The Old Guarantee System providing land grants to English companies for railroad construction in India is finalised.

September events

 * September 1 – The first segment of the Pennsylvania Railroad, from Lewiston to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, opens for service.
 * September – Train ferry PS Leviathan, designed by Thomas Grainger for the Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee Railway, is delivered for carrying freight cars across the Forth estuary in Scotland between Granton and Burntisland.

November events

 * November 1 – The Caledonian Railway is opened throughout between Glasgow, Carstairs and Carlisle, completing a through rail route by the West Coast Main Line and providing the first service of through carriages between Scotland and England.

October births

 * October 17 – Sir William Mackenzie, part-owner of the Toronto Street Railway, builder of Canadian Northern Railway predecessors (d. 1923).

December births

 * December 12 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, heir to Cornelius Vanderbilt and president of the New York Central system (d. 1920).

title: 1849 in rail transport


text:
Lalitpur, Nepal

Lalitpur Metropolitan City (पाटन Pāṭana, Nepal bhasa : Yala) is a metropolitan city and fourth most populous city of Nepal with 299,843 inhabitants living in 49,044 households per the 2021 census. It is located in the south-central part of Kathmandu Valley, a large valley in the high plateaus in central Nepal, at an altitude of 1,400 metres (4,600 feet).

Lalitpur is also known as Manigal. It is best known for its rich cultural heritage, particularly its tradition of arts and crafts. It has a multi-ethnic population with a Hindu and Buddhist majority. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Tourism is an important part of the city's economy and it is renowned for its festivals and feasts, ancient art, and the making of metallic, wood and stone statues. Lalitpur is also home to Patan Durbar Square, which has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

Etymology and culture
One of the most used and typical Newar names of Lalitpur is Yala. It is said that King Yalamber or Yellung Hang named this city after himself, and ever since this ancient city was known as Yala. There are many legends about its name. The most popular one is the legend of the god Rato Machhindranath (also known as Bunga Dyah), who was brought to the valley from Kamaru Kamachhya, located in Assam, India, by a group of three people representing the three kingdoms centered in the Kathmandu Valley. One of them was called Lalit, a farmer who carried god Rato Machhindranath to the valley all the way from Assam, India. The purpose of bringing the god Rato Machhindranath to the valley was to overcome the worst drought there. There was a strong belief that the god Rato Machhindranath would bring rain in the valley. It was due to Lalit's effort that the god Rato Machhindranath was settled in Lalitpur. Many believe that the name of the town is kept after his name Lalit and pur meaning township.

In May, a chariot festival honoring the deity known as Bunga Dyah Jatra is held in Patan. It is the longest and one of the most important religious celebrations in Patan. During the month-long festival, an idol of Rato Machhendanath is placed on a tall chariot and pulled through the city streets in stages.

Ancient history
Lalitpur is believed to have been founded in 249 BC by the Emperor Ashoka. It was further expanded by the Mallas during the medieval period.

Lalitpur is said to have been founded by King Veer Deva in 299 AD, but there is unanimity among scholars that Patan was a well established and developed town since ancient times. Several historical records including many other legends indicate that Patan is the oldest of all the cities of Kathmandu Valley. According to a very old Kirat chronicle, Patan was founded by Kirat rulers long before the Licchavi rulers came into the political scene in Kathmandu Valley. According to that chronicle, the earliest known capital of Kirat rulers was Thankot. Kathmandu, the present capital was most possibly removed from Thankot to Patan after the Kirati King Yalamber came into power sometimes around second century AD.

Malla era
The Licchavi era was followed by the Malla era. Rulers from Tirhut, upon being attacked by the Delhi Sultanate, fled north to the Kathmandu valley. They intermarried with Nepali royalty, and this led to the Malla era. The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims. There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including the king Abhaya Malla. These disasters led to the destruction of most of the architecture of the Licchavi era (such as Mangriha and Kailashkut Bhawan), and the loss of literature collected in various monasteries within the city. Despite the initial hardships, Kathmandu rose to prominence again and, during most of the Malla era, dominated the trade between India and Tibet. Nepali currency became the standard currency in trans-Himalayan trade.

During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur. These served as the capitals of the Malla confederation of Nepal. These states competed with each other in the arts, architecture, esthetics, and trade, resulting in tremendous development. The kings of this period directly influenced or involved themselves in the construction of public buildings, squares, and temples, as well as the development of waterspouts, the institutionalisation of trusts (called guthis), the codification of laws, the writing of dramas, and the performance of plays in city squares. Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla. Books have been found from this era that describe their tantric tradition (e.g. Tantrakhyan), medicine (e.g. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history. Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found. Architecturally notable buildings from this era include Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the former durbar of Kirtipur, Nyatapola, Kumbheshwar, the Krishna temple, and others.

Modern era
In 1768, Lalitpur was annexed to the Gorkha Kingdom by Prithvi Narayan Shah without any battle.

Geography
Lalitpur is on the elevated tract of land in Kathmandu Valley on the south side of the Bagmati River, which separates it from the city of Kathmandu on the northern and western side. The Karmanasa Khola acts as the boundary on the eastern side. It was developed on relatively thin layers of deposited clay and gravel in the central part of a dried ancient lake known as the Nagdaha. The city has an area of 15.43 square kilometres and is divided into 29 municipal wards.

Climate
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).

Historical monuments

The city was initially designed in the shape of the Buddhist Dharma-Chakra (Wheel of Righteousness). The four thurs or mounds on the perimeter of Patan are ascribed around, one at each corner of its cardinal points, which are popularly known as Asoka Stupas. Legend has it that Emperor Asoka (the legendary King of India) visited with his daughter Charumati to Kathmandu in 250 BC and erected five Asoka Stupas, four in the surrounding and one at the middle of the Patan. The size and shape of these stupas seem to breathe their antiquity in a real sense. There are more than 1,200 Buddhist monuments of various shapes and sizes scattered in and around the city.

The most important monument of the city is Patan Durbar Square, which has been listed by UNESCO as one of seven Monument Zones that make up the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site. The seven monument zones were included in the World Heritage List in 1979 as one integrated site. The monument zones are declared as protected and preserved according to the Monuments Preservation Act of 1956. The Square was heavily damaged on 25 April 2015 by an earthquake.

Lalitpur was planned in Vihars and Bahils. Out of 295 Vihars and Bahils of the valley 56% of them are in Patan. The water conduits, stone spouts, jaladroni (water tanks), artistic gate ways, Hindu temples and Buddhist Vihars adorn the city.

Language
As of the 2011 census, Nepali is the most common mother tongue in Lalitpur with 44.9% of the population speaking it as their mother tongue. Newar is spoken by 35.2% while the other languages spoken in the city include Tamang (6.2%), Maithili (3.4%), Magar (1.7%), Bhojpuri (1.4%) and Rai (1.3%) as their first language. English is also spoken by many, especially as a non-primary language.

Ethnic groups
The largest group is the native Newars, whose various sub-groups combine to make up 39.6% of the population. The second largest ethnic group is Chhetri, who account for 15.9% of the population while Bahuns also known as Hill-Brahmin or Khas Brahmin, represent 11.9% of the population. Other groups in Kathmandu include the Janajatis, comprising the Tamang (8.3%), Magar (3.5%), Rai (3.5%) and Gurung (1.5%). Nepalese Muslims represent 0.7% of the population. More recently, other Madeshi groups from Terai have come to represent a substantial proportion of the city's population.

Religions
In terms of religion, 72.3% were Hindu, 19.2% Buddhist, 5.7% Christian, 1.7% Kirati, 0.8% Muslim, 0.1% Prakriti and 0.2% others.

In terms of literacy, 86.0% could read and write, 1.6% could only read and 12.4% could neither read nor write.

Economy
A substantial portion of the population is engaged in trades, notably in traditional handicrafts and small-scale cottage industries, and some residents work in agriculture. Lalitpur has produced the highest number of renowned artists and finest craftsmen ever recorded in the history of Nepali art. Lalitpur has maintained a culture of craftwork even in the face of rapid urbanization and many social and political upheavals.

The city is less urbanized than Kathmandu, north of the Bagmati river, but is home to many workshops, stores, restaurants, hotels, schools, embassies and other important sectors of the Kathmandu Valley economy. Buddha Air has its headquarters in Jawalakhel near Patan.

Postsecondary education
Lalitpur is home to Pulchowk Engineering Campus, one of the oldest and most reputed colleges affiliated with the Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University. Patan Academy of Health Sciences is the only medical university in the city with Patan Hospital as its primary teaching hospital, and there is another private medical school - KIST Medical College in Lalitpur. Other institutions of higher learning in Patan include Patan Multiple Campus, Virinchi College and Kathmandu University School of Management (KU SOM).

Primary and secondary education
Lalitpur is home to few best schools and colleges of Nepal are located in Lalitpur. Every year thousands of students from all over Nepal arrive at Kathmandu to get admission in the various schools and colleges. Among all, the largest and reputed schools are Ideal Model School, Ullens School, Rato Bangla School, Premier International IB World School, British School, St. Xavier's School, Nepal Don Bosco School, Little Angels' School and Gyanodaya Bal Batika School.

Other schools include the Hindu Vidya Peeth Nepal, St. Mary's, Graded English Medium School, DAV Sushil Kedia, Adarsha Kanya Niketan, Tri-padma Vidyashram, Adarsha Saral Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Sudesha High School, and Nava Suryodaya English Secondary School.

Libraries
Nepal National Library which was established in 1957 AD was moved to Lalitpur from Singha Durbar in 2061 BS. It is at Harihar Bhawan. Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya, located near Patan Dhoka, is another library, which awards the Madan Puraskar and Jagadamba Shree Puraskar literary prizes is in the city. There are also numbers of libraries around Lalitpur Metropolitan city such as Deepawali Pustakalaya in Satdobato, Buddhibikash Library in Lagankhel, and Sanu Ko Pustakalaya in Manbhawan.

Landmarks
Lalitpur is renowned as a very artistic city. Most of the Nepalese art is devoted to gods, and there is an abundance of temples and viharas. Notable landmarks include:

 * Patan Durbar Square: The palace square and residence of the Malla rulers of Patan state which now houses a museum.
 * Patan Dhoka: One of the historical entrances to the old city. It was recently painted with the symbols of Asta-matrikas led by the veteran artist Lok Chitrakar.
 * Hiranya Varna Mahavihar: A Buddhist temple known locally as Golden Temple.
 * Mahabouddha Temple: Also known as 1000 Buddha Temple modeled liked the Mahabodhi temple in Bodh Gaya.
 * Kumbheshwar Temple: A Shiva temple with two ponds whose water is believed to come from Gosaikunda.
 * Banglamukhi Temple: A temple which is one of the ten mahavidyas (great wisdom goddesses) in Hinduism.
 * Ratnakar Mahavihar: Also known as Ha Baha, the viahara complex is the official residence of the Kumari of Patan.
 * Krishna Mandir: One of the stone temples of Nepal built by King Siddhinarsingh Malla in the 16th century.
 * Central Zoo: Central Zoo was established in 1932 by Rana Prime Minister Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana as a private zoo, it is the only zoo in entire Nepal.
 * Pimbahal Pokhari: This large pond is a hidden gem centred around a charming lakeshore pavilion. On the north side is three-tiered Chandeswari Temple built in 1663. Walk around the pond clockwise and you'll pass a 600-year-old whitewashed stupa that was damaged by Muslim invaders in 1357.

Airports
All international and domestic flights for Kathmandu Valley are handled by Tribhuvan International Airport which lies about 7 km from Patan City Centre.

Roads
Walking is the easiest method of transportation within the city as the core is densely populated. In terms of motor transport, Kathmandu Ring Road which encircles the central part of the valley is a strategic road in the city. Connection to Kathmandu over the Bagmati River is provided by a host of road and pedestrian bridges. The most trafficked and important bridge connecting to the centre of Kathmandu is Thapathali Bridge. Since pedestrians and vehicles often have to share the same road, traffic congestion is a major problem in Patan. Efforts are being made to widen roads to make them more suitable to vehicular traffic.

Public transportation
Private companies operate a number of routes connecting Patan with other places in the valley. Buses, micro-buses and electric tempos are the most common forms of public transport seen in the city. Lalitpur Yatayat buses connects the touristic Thamel area of Kathmandu with buses stopping at Patan Dhoka, a five-minute walk to Patan Durbar Square. Lagankhel Bus Park is the central transport hub. Sajha Yatayat is another major public vehicle service that connects Lalitpur with its neighboring districts. It also operates electric buses.

Hospitals
Patan Hospital is a renowned government hospital in Lalitpur which is also the teaching hospital for the Patan Academy of Health Sciences. Patan Mental Hospital is located opposite Patan Hospital in Lagankhel, which is focused on mental illness patients. Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Bhaisepati and B&B Hospital, Gwarko are some renowned private hospitals in Lalitpur. Sumeru Hospital as kidney hospital located at Dhapakhel.

Media
Patan has several local FM radio stations present.

Sport, Fitness & Wellness
Nepal Squash Rackets Association (NSRA)(Satdobato, International Swimming Complex (Satdobato), All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) (Satdobato), Nepal Taekwondo Association (Satdobato, Satdobato Youth Club (Satdobato, Khumaltar Youth Club, Tennis Complex (Satdobato), Army Physical Training Centre (Lagankhel), National Sports Centre (Chyasal), Satdobato Yog Sadhana Kendra (Satdobato), Bhelpa Bhairav Yog Sadhana Kendra (Satdobato), Nakipot Yog Sadana Kendra (Nakhipot), Dholahiti Yog Sadhana Kendra (Dholahiti) Bhalu Bhairav Gym (Satdobato)

Language
The native language of Patan is Nepal Bhasa of Newars. Though due to the migration of other people from other places to Patan, other languages like Nepali, Tamang, etc. are also spoken.

title: Lalitpur, Nepal


text:
User talk:Evolt

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text:
Agent Orange (disambiguation)

Agent Orange is an herbicide and defoliant used by military forces.

Agent Orange may also refer to:

Music

 * Agent Orange (album), an album by Sodom
 * Agent Orange (band), a punk rock band from Orange County, California
 * "Agent Orange", a song by Ski Patrol
 * "Agent Orange", a song by Tori Amos from Boys for Pele
 * "Agent Orange", a song by Depeche Mode from the single "Strangelove"
 * "Agent Orange", a song by Cage Kennylz
 * "Agent Orange", a song by Heaven Shall Burn from Wanderer
 * "Agent Orange", a song by Limewax
 * "Agent Orange", a song by Pharoahe Monch
 * "Agent Orange", a song by Slapshock

Fictional characters

 * Agent Orange (Wildstorm), of the Wildcats in the Wildstorm Universe
 * Larfleeze or Agent Orange, a DC Comics supervillain
 * Agent Orange, a a Batman family enemy

Other uses

 * Agent Orange (film), a 2004 silent film
 * Agent Orange (video game), a 1987 shoot 'em up game for the Commodore 64

title: Agent Orange (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Steve Guttenberg

This page vs sarcasm
1. Tony Martin was clearly joking about Guttenberg playing him in a movie. Tony Martin has made numerous jokes about Guttenberg along the lines of his lack of acting talent and in particular awful NZ accent in Don't Tell Her Its Me. 2. Short Circuit and allegory for the Russian Revolution? Sure that's Guttenberg taking the you know what. Tigerman2005 (talk) 08:30, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

Copyvio
Most of this article looks like it was lifted directly off the IMDb entry on him. This needs to be corrected. — Frecklefoot | Talk 12:09, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Six movies grossing more than $100,000,000?
According to the IMDb (and any other source I can find), the quote "Guttenberg has been the star or co-star in six films that earned over USD$100,000,000 in the United States, a feat accomplished by relatively few actors." is false. Whoever added this also for some reason neglected to specify which six films these are. Please either provide a source or delete. circuitbreaker 12:44, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Adjusted for inflation I found 5: Police Academy $167mil, Police Academy 2 $110mil, 3 Men and a Baby $317mil, 3 Men and a Little Lady $117mil, Cocoon $151mil. So someone just needs to figure out one more...Short Circuit (my favorite from age 12 "only" comes out to something like $80mil) I used http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl to figure inflation and just truncated the a few digits to work with the $10mil limit lotsotech

Eyebrows?
I watched Mr. Guttenberg on the television show Law and Order: SVU and it looked like he was covering up having no eyebrows. I searched around on Google but couldn't find any information on this. Can anyone find out anything about this? Did something happen to his eyebrows? Hopefully someone can find a source that can be included into the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.166.18.105 (talk) 19:05, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

They ran away because Rick Moranis gave them bad relationship advice. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.166.18.105 (talk) 19:05, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Polydactylism
You know, I have a hunch that this entry's claim of Steve Guttenberg's polydactylism is not actually true. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mattymatt (talk • contribs) 06:40, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

In popular culture
featured in an episode of the Simpsons where a Mason like group, "makes Steve Guttenberg a star." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.162.77.10 (talk) 17:47, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

indeed, and a "comedian" has added references to "the stonecutters" into this article, which I've deleted Louisdonowa (talk) 14:41, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Stonecutters' song
In the simpsons, the stoncutters claim in a song they made Steve Guttenberg a star. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.255.46.197 (talk) 09:49, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

TF2 Just mentioned him being 112 years old, prepare for vandals?
just incase.24.8.248.64 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 01:58, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

Old Fashioned Rock and Roll?
Can't find any reference to him having a pop hit anywhere. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.66.126.144 (talk) 05:08, 24 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Unclosed tag
FYI I just tried to close the tag in the "Early Life" section with a warning on it. Wikipedia won't let me because it says I'm trying to add a link to a blacklisted source. ???Bjones (talk) 21:53, 5 May 2021 (UTC)
 * It seems the problem is in the filmreference.com ref. That site is on the spam blacklist and re-closing that ref tag apparently counts as adding the blacklisted link to the article, probably because right now the link isn't rendered in the article (since the malformed ref is replaced by the error text).  Daß    Wölf  16:27, 8 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see, thanks. Should we just remove that reference then?Bjones (talk) 03:28, 9 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I agree. I've had a better look at FilmReference, it appears to be a City-Data-type site for Hollywood and is owned by Advameg, the same company that owns City-Data. FilmReference is listed as unreliable at WP:FILM/R, and the perennial sources list additionally mentions that Advameg content has copyvio problems. While we could ask for a WT:WHITELISTing of this particular link, I don't think it's likely it would be granted.
 * The good news is that Guttenberg's FilmReference page cites three 1990s articles in Hollywood periodicals; presumably that's where Advameg got their information from. If we can't find the information cited to this ref elsewhere, it could be worth putting in a request for those articles on WP:RX. Daß Wölf 05:08, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I see you've taken care of getting rid of the bad link. Now to (hopefully) find a good source. I didn't know about WP:RX but yeah, that could be worthwhile.Bjones (talk) 01:00, 12 May 2021 (UTC)

Splitting proposal
I propose that sections Filmography be split into a separate page called Steve Guttenberg on screen and stage. This section is large enough to make its own page. Thank you.Filmman3000 (talk) 21:23, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steve Guttenberg