text:
User talk:Supercool Dude

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 13:49, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Greetings
Hello!

Wha Happen?

Supercool Dude

 * Hi. :-)  What's up? - Omegatron 21:02, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

City Island, CBS, Infinity Broadcasting and Time Warner.
Hi, I just read your message on my talk page and I wanted to make some clarifications. CBS and Infinity were never spun off from any company certainly not from Time Warner. CBS was originally a publicly run company which was majority owned by Laurence Tisch and his family, CBS purchased Infinity Broadcasting which was also a publicly run company majority owned by Mel Karmazin. Viacom purchased CBS and along with Infinity they became wholly owned subsidaries of Viacom. As far as High Island is concerned as originally stated it was a small resort then the entire island was sold and CBS put the main transmitter for WCBS 880am Radio and rival network NBC put their transmitter for WNBC 660am on High Island, In 1988 the National Broadcasting Company agreed to exit the radio broadcasting business as part of an agreement that it's parent company RCA Corporation made with the U.S. Government prior to RCA merging with General Electric Corporation. WNBC-AM was sold to Emmis Broadcasting and the call letters were changed to WFAN and moved from 1050am to 660am, A few years later Emmis would sell WFAN-AM to Infinity giving Infinity and Viacom entire ownership of High Island. Misterrick 00:45, 22 December 2004 (UTC)

In response to your questions on my talk page: > I thought WFAN was still part of GE.

WFAN was never part of GE, your thinking of WNBC which was but it was sold in 1988 because when GE wanted to buyout RCA they had to satisfy government regulators including the Federal Communications Commission because at that time ownership of broadcasting entities were extremely limited and so RCA and GE entered into an agreement with the FCC that they would sell their radio broadcasting business and the FCC would let NBC keep it's television owned and operated stations.

> So did GE sell the RCA name to Thomson?

No, GE still owns the RCA name and logo, As part of the sale of some of RCA's businesses to Thomson, GE requires Thomson to pay a fee for the right to use the RCA name. It's like when Columbia Pictures (Now part of Sony) sold it's Screen Gems division to a North Carolina company which runs a movie and television production facilities in Wilmington, North Carolina and New York, New York although they bought the Screen Gems business they still have to pay a licensing fee to Sony and can't use the Screen Gems name singluarly because Sony has started using the Screen Gems name for their own movies and television productions so the North Carolina Company has to call themselves EUE Screen Gems. Misterrick 23:34, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC).

Where do all the deleted pages go to?

Are they all saved somewhere or erased completely?

SD

You mean on Wikipedia? I assume that when they are removed it is done permanently. Misterrick 01:22, 24 December 2004 (UTC).

 * they can be recover for a limited peroid of time the amount probably variues but is probably over a mounthGeni 20:40, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Canada Goose
In scientific names, the species part is always lower case, even if derived from a proper noun, so Branta canadensis, not Branta Canadensis. jimfbleak 05:52, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

deletion
Could I have a bit more context with your question please?Geni 20:40, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * sounds like an edit conflict but the warning box didn't come up. WierdGeni 09:41, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject New York City
Hello, I've started WikiProject New York City, and from your edits it seems you might be interested. See its talk page for the beginning of a discussion on the standardization of neighborhood names and subway lines and stations, and bringing New York City up to featured status.--Pharos 12:09, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Linking to other Wikipedia articles
Hi SD, you seem to be having trouble with linking to other Wikipedia articles. When you want to link to, say, the Wikipedia article on City Island, you just type in City Island, New York, not, which is the form appropriate for external links.

(I specifically disabled the formating above, so you could see what I typed in.)

Please see this page.

Also, links to Wikipedia articles go under the See also section, and only links to sites outside go under External links.--Pharos 18:37, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Signing comments
When you are leaving a comment on a Talk page, if you type four tildes (like so ~ ) after your comments, your username and the timestamp will be entered automatically for you.

BTW If you want to leave a comment for someone, normally you should leave it either on an article Talk page or the User's Talk page. Not on the actual User page. AlistairMcMillan 23:38, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Conflicting definitions
Hi SD, what do you mean exactly on "conflicting definitions"? The idea here is generally to try to talk things out and come to some sort of consensus or compromise. Sometimes its best to try to get the input of more than two people also. Oh, and please sign your messages, otherwise things can get confusing.--Pharos 00:04, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Radio Lamp?
Hey Dude,

Your user page says you invented the RadioLamp. Sounds interesting, what it is?

--RoySmith 21:47, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Lighthouse Island
I assume by now you've noticed I requested that your Lighthouse Island article be deleted. It's obvious that you have a great knowledge about City Island environs and history, and are enthusiastic about letting the world share your knowledge, but I think the Lighthouse Island article is sort of silly. RoySmith 02:32, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Please sign your comments
Just type ~ after your comments on article or user Talk pages and your username and a timestamp will automatically be entered for you. AlistairMcMillan 23:24, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

ok!

Supercool Dude 23:30, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Disambiguation
Disambiguation

Hope this helps. AlistairMcMillan 08:21, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

False Friends, Meaning
Hi!

I've reinserted the VfD header you removed in the False Friends, Meaning article. Please note that it is considered rude to remove such a tag while the article's deletion is being voted on. If you want to make your case for keeping the article, please state so in the article's VfD section. Thanks! --Plek 01:54, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not a dictionary
See What Wikipedia is not

Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a dictionary. You should not create mere dictionary definitions. You can contribute these to http://www.wiktionary.com/ instead. -- Curps 07:06, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Your recent edit to Ulnar nerve
Please stop removing content from Wikipedia; it is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. --RoySmith 14:50, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

BJAODN
Hey Supercool Dude! Please don't take offense to my comment, I've been back to the vfd now and see that you apparently may have had sources. But you have to understand that when I first saw the article it seemed rediculous and it didn't have any cited sources so I thought it would make a good candidate for BJAODN, which is wikislang for Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense which is where humourous pages that are not appropriate for wikipedia go. [[User:Consequencefree| Ardent † ∈ ]] 02:03, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Personal attacks
Please refrain from making personal attacks or you will be blocked. --fvw *  04:32, 2005 Jan 17 (UTC)

Supercool Dude
Hi!,

A number of people keep vandalising my articles in spite of the fact they are true. This is vicious and malicious and bad for Wikipedia.

Who is an authority that I can talk to about the vandalism?

A number of these individuals have made personal attacks on me also.

Supercool Dude 11:15, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) They aren't your articles, they are articles you've edited. That doesn't give you any more say in what happens with them.
 * 2) Try discussing (and giving references for) your claims on talk pages.
 * 3) Stop your personal attacks and maybe others will be nicer to you as well.
 * 4) Read Wikiquette, and Policies and guidelines and Style and How-to Directory.
 * --fvw *  11:25, 2005 Jan 17 (UTC)

Siwanoy
Google says it's Siwanoy, not Sinawoy. -- Curps 21:05, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

"Childish Nonsense"
From what I gather, you seem to be doing a fair amount of this too. You are also denouncing Wikipedia in article discussion pages. That's not super cool...dude. If you would stop being so negative, maybe people won't treat you this way.

-E. Brown$

Ponza and the Pontine Islands
Thanks for the kind words about the maps, SD. At my workplace I have a copy of ArcGIS, so sometimes during a break I'll whip up a map that Wikipedia is lacking. Geographic articles without maps are one of my pet peeves. --NormanEinstein 12:58, 17 May 2005 (UTC)

Reverting your user page
Hi Dude,

I am saddened that you think my editing articles you have also edited constitutes deleting your work or vandalism, and that I have something against you personally. Nothing could be further from the truth. In all cases, I have simply tried to improve on what was there (obviously based on my personal judgement of what defines improvement). You, or anybody else, is free to re-edit the changes I have made.

My philosophy of editing is that it is better to be concise than to be verbose. I try to look at issues from a global perspective; a fact which is interesting or even important to a local resident may appear trivial to somebody from another part of the world. I also believe that information (for the most part) belongs in a single place. If several articles overlap in coverage, I'd rather see one of them treat a topic in depth, and the others simply refer to that article. Lastly, I think anything stated in an work such as an encyclopedia needs to be verifiable by an objective, reliable source.

As far as reverting the vandalism to your user page, that's easy. I saw a page that was vandalized, and I fixed it. That's all.

--RoySmith 28 June 2005 21:00 (UTC)

Kylie Minogue
Kylie's sister Danni, has admitted to the press that it grew back after sugery and that she is getting Chemo & radiotherapy.

I am the man who asked Jay Leno to have Kylie on and she appeared on February 4th 2002.

I asked Carson Daly to host Dannii later that year.

Supercool Dude 13:38, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * And I am the man who wrote half of the current Kylie Minogue article with another contributor, and spent weeks researching the subject to ensure accuracy, so I'm interested in seeing it maintain its integrity.  First of all, please follow the existing pattern of citing references which is not only a "nice to have", but also a requirement, especially with an article that is currenty listed as a Featured Article.  That just keeps the article clean and consistent.  I did not dismiss your edit without checking it as thoroughly as I could.  I did a google search for any recent news articles, plus I looked at the two most "official" Kylie Minogue (kylie.com and limbo.com) sites and saw nothing to support your edit about Minogue's "returning malignancy".  Finally, I live in Australia where the media coverage has been at almost saturation point regarding Minogue's medical condition over the last few weeks, and not one word has been reported on the cancer returning.  The woman can barely sneeze without it making the front pages of the papers here, so a returning malignancy would have been mentioned, I'm certain, especially if word came from as reliable a source as her sister,  Dannii Minogue.  So I disagree that it should be added into an article that should deal with fact, and not conjecture, your contributions to Minogue's career in the USA notwithstanding.Rossrs 13:53, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Semi-automated template substitution

 * This page was modified to semi-automatically substitute templates using Pathoschild's template list. // Tawker 17:36, 12 February 2006 (UTC)
 * You had a non subst'd template (meaning you had template name) instead of the test. See WP:SUBST - its not a warning or anything, just a janatorial task. Nothing to worry about :) -- Tawker 01:21, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I had another look and I think it was a bot (read: my :) mistake, your page had a link to a template I was subst'ing (or adding a tag to) but it was fixed before my bot got to it. Sorry about the confusion Tawker 03:05, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

You tube links in User space...
Please consider checking the copyright status of the You tube Clips you have linked from you user page, or remove the links. Sfan00 IMG 11:23, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Combined Drug Intoxication
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Combined Drug Intoxication, and it appears to be very similar to another wikipedia page: Multiple Drug Intake. It is possible that you have accidentally duplicated contents, or made an error while creating the page— you might want to look at the pages and see if that is the case.

This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) 22:05, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

March 2008
Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you recently copied the contents of a page and pasted it into another with a different name. This is what we call a "cut and paste move", and it is very undesirable because it splits the article's history, which is needed for attribution and is helpful in many other ways. The mechanism we use for renaming articles is to move it to a new name which both preserves the page's history and automatically creates a redirect from the old title to the new. In most cases, you should be able to move an article yourself using the "Move" tab at the top of the page. If there is an article that you cannot move yourself by this process, follow the instructions at Requested moves to request the move by another. Also, if there are any other articles that you copied and pasted, even if it was a long time ago, please list them at Cut and paste move repair holding pen. The Evil Spartan (talk) 17:08, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Combined Drug Intoxication (2)
Please address your comments about editing this article on the talk page of the article, not on my talk page. If you are the original creator of the article, you will see that many problems were already pointed out by others before I encountered the article. You need to provide proper source citations for the material that you added to the article. I have provided sources for what I added. I tried to edit grammar and presentation to make it less not more confusing to readers. If you can find sources to document what you wish to add or to change, please do so and discuss the changes in the talk page of the article. Thank you. --NYScholar (talk) 03:43, 10 August 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Jeffrey F. Bell
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Jeffrey F. Bell, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * WP:BIO of writer for website of questionable notability. No third-party references, no Google News hits.

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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AfD nomination of Jeffrey F. Bell
I have nominated Jeffrey F. Bell, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Jeffrey F. Bell. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. THF (talk) 01:38, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Naughty & Nice

The article Naughty & Nice has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Orphaned article, no references or sources

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Disambiguation link notification for February 6
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March 2014
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April 2014
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Talk:Legends Resort & Country Club. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Thank you. Sum mer PhD (talk) 03:06, 5 April 2014 (UTC)

Nomination of The Pelhams, New York for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article The Pelhams, New York is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Nomination of Osama Eldawoody for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Supercool Dude


text:
User talk:Pcpcpc/Archive 1

WikiProject Cricket
Since I've seen you categorising lots of cricket pages, I thought I'd let you know about and invite you to WikiProject Cricket. Kind regards, jguk 10:42, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Yes, I've seen it and I'll sign up. Philip 10:44, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * There was a cricket question on the Wikipedia reference desk. I directed the person to the BBC link page...if you have any better suggestions, would you mind taking a peek? Also: If you have a cricket link...would you mind dropping it off at my talk page? I am building a reference desk. Many thanks --allie 14:21, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Locale
Hi PcPcPc, where do you live? Are you local? N12345n 22:04, 2005 Jan 4 (UTC)

Local to where? I live in Camden Town. Philip 22:05, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Close to me then, I live in Lower Holloway, near Camden Road. We should have a North London Wikimeet. Edward 22:57, 2005 Jan 4 (UTC)

Well, I live in London E14!! N12345n 23:42, 2005 Jan 4 (UTC)

Euroscepticism terminology
Hi. You added a very interesting note to Pro-European about the rhetorical differences between pro- and anti-EU terminology. I remembered seeing a similar discussion already in the introduction to Euroscepticism, and your comments seemed to fit comfortably there, so I've moved them there and expanded them into a new section called Terminology. Let me know what you think (or just make the changes). Cheers! Wombat 00:17, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC

Copyvios
When marking pages as Copyvios, you have to remove all the material rather than just adding the template. Keep it up in finding em! - Mailer Diablo 14:08, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

UK health categories
gedday Philip!

I've been creating the the healthcare in XYZ country categories to rationalise the huge and confusing category:healthcare... I understand your concern and I've been working on it this morning... potenially both cats are useful though... strictly I'd view the the healthcare cat as belonging in the health cat... (analogous to having a cat for 'police' within the cat 'justice'). I guess you'd also put articles on mad cow disease and smoking in the UK and the like in category:health in the UK. does that make any sense? best wishes Erich 06:38, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Yes, it makes sense to me; "Health" is a slightly broader term than "healthcare", and that is the main reason why I choose it. I also thought that "Healthcare" was marginally an Americanism, not that the word isn't used in the UK. The problem is, I don't think there is much chance that everyone or pretty much everyone will instinctively appreciate the distinction. On the other hand, "Healthcare in X" appears to be a standard Wikipedia category, and "Health in X" does not, and if there is no "Healthcare in the United Kingdom" category, some articles might miss out on being categorised in the UK menu. I'm not very keen on having a subcategory that is likely to contain the bulk of the content of its parent category, but it seems to be the best option. I'll move Healthcare into Health and write a blurb at the top of both pages. However I know lots of people probably don't read them.

 * It was a big surprise to me that when I discovered Wikipedia that great swathes of UK material - thousands of articles - were not linked to the UK menu, other than through the main United Kingdom article or other indirect routes. Lots of people are doing valuable work, but thinking in terms of their academic subject or personal interest and not cross categorising much. I'm trying to encourage serendipity. I hope lots of people will look at a selection of UK health issues, or UK religious issues, or whatever who would be unlikely to dive into these areas as an "academic subject". That certainly applies to me. And then in two minutes you can find yourself clicking through to articles about subjects you barely knew existed.  You mentioned justice categories, and there is a worse problem on the UK menu for that area than this problem with health, but that's not your problem. Philip 07:13, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Dance categorisation
Hi. I've noticed you've gone through the reash of new articles I've created today on contemporary dance (more to come!) and changed their category from 'dance' to 'modern dance'. The thing is "contemporary dance" is not the same as "modern dance"; in brief, the latter is a term used about ballroom (pairs) dancing whereas the former is dance companies and more akin to ballet. I'll go through and adjust them, although given the paucity of dance-related articles currently I do rather feel that sub-categorisation might be a little early in this case. --Vamp:Willow 23:41, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I know. I've created lots of new categories recently, and I only picked up on the correct terminolgy part way through in this case. I created a "modern dance" category for London, but by the time I moved onto the "Performing Arts" category in the main UK menu, I realised that the correct term is contemporary dance as you say. I'm planning to mark a number of categories in the London and UK menus for name changes when I've finished on the UK menu, and this will have to be one of them.
 * As for subcategorisation, I am looking at it from the UK/London point of view, not from the "dance" point of view. You and the other dance enthusiasts are welcome to structure the dance menu however you see fit. On the other hand, I am trying to create comprehensive menus for London and the UK which link to every relevant article. The categorisation system allows articles to be made accessible from several different directions, and my aim in fleshing out the UK and London menus is to encourage serendipity.
 * In the meantime, please don't place any UK entries in categories which are only accessible through the dance menu.
 * Philip 00:21, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Looking at the London menu, I see you've already changed it. Thank you. Philip 00:28, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Wales Cats
You were IMO a little too apologetic for your edit: I regularly do equivalent adjustments, summarizing simply "- redundant cat", on the logic that where "x As" is a subcat of "As", the "x As" suffices to include it indirectly in "As". This is IMO important to relieve clutter that interferes with the usefulness of higher level Cats, and my impression is that future enhancements will provide those who want to see them with alpha lists not just of direct members of a Cat but also of indirect ones (presumably letting the user specify how many levels of indirect inclusion to span).

While i think there was some misunderstanding of this point initially, i've seen little or no reversion of such edits, so (while i have not tried to keep up to date on the documentation) it seems to me to now be well established, and i for would welcome your even bolder application of the general principle that an article may not be tagged with a direct or indirect superCat of any of its Cats. (I think the only significant exception is alphabetizing under * (with the "pipe trick") a single "title" article, a general purpose article -- i suspect the one that also offers the best clarification of the scope of the Cat.)

(I couldn't figure out at first why anyone would accumulate such a quantity of very quick edits so rapidly, but from what i now gather, it looks like you've tackled a huge project that is worth doing, and stuck with it most admirably. Thanks!) --Jerzy(t) 01:29, 2005 Jan 9 (UTC)

Hi
Meant to drop by and leave a note yesterday but the system was so slow.... Nice to come across another editor interested in Literature topics; you've been showing up on my watchlist a lot making improvements to a number of stubs and articles I started.

Might be useful to know that any new categories you create will show up as red links until you click the link and edit the page (just like any new page, really). It's enough to simply add a higher-level category to the new one to make it show up as a live link from then on. When you thought that Category:Literature in English was non-existent yesterday, it was because it was taking me so long to get around to editing it. Good call removing Category:English literature, by the way. Hope to bump into you again. Best Filiocht 08:27, Jan 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I know about adding new categories. I must have created more than a hundred by now. But in the last few days the system just hasn't been working properly in this regard as is noted on the Openfacts page. I'm trying to create a full set of subcategories for "British writers" and the software just won't have it. "British writers by nationality" has vanished three times. Philip 17:51, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

excess links
This is a judgement call, of course, but in my ever-so-humble opinion, I think you might turning a few too many words into wiki-links - I'm thinking specifically of "read" in The Two Cultures. I can't imagine that anybody encountering it would be baffled and/or seeking more information about what it means to read. The problem is that sentences with lots of linked words can be hard to read, so I think we need to be cautious about adding them even if there is a Wikipedia article that could be linked to. - DavidWBrooks 22:53, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm not aware that I turned any words in that article into wikilinks. My edit was a recategorisation. Philip 22:55, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I've checked and that link has been there since 18 December 2003. Please check your facts before criticising other contributors. This sort of thing doesn't make for happy and industrious editors, which I presume you want.Philip 22:58, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * It was the editor before you on that article who did the "read" link. Noel (talk) 23:42, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, it is my error - the link was added about 14 hours before your edit: I clicked on the wrong name in the Edit History list. I apologize! - DavidWBrooks 03:16, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Edit summaries
Hi, Edit summary says "Always fill the summary field." (emphasis in the original). Please fill in the Edit Summary when you edit an article, so the rest of us don't have to resort to a "diff" to see what you did. Thanks! Noel (talk) 23:42, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid that is not realistic in my case. I am engaged in a huge project to make the United Kingdom menu a complete set of all relevant articles, or as near as I can get it. I have made thousands of edits in a month - largely doing other people's work for them. I consider this to be a very valuable project, but I am not prepared to make it even more time consuming. I note what my edits are when they are sensitive. Philip 23:50, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * But everyone has a good excuse. Does that mean we all get to leave it blank? If not, why do you expect a special dispensation? How about keeping a suitable message pre-typed somwhere, and cut-and-paste it in every time? Noel (talk) 02:49, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I usually tick the "minor edit" box for minor edits. I may have forgotten a few times because I am fallible like anyone else. I do provide good edit summaries where appropriate; in fact I have made 23 in the last 24 hours. On numerous occasions I have had to prune them to make them fit within the 30 word or so limit. I think I am actually well above average among Wikipedians in this regards. "Minor edit" really is enough of a description for a minor edit, and the page you linked to merely says that providing further details for minor edits would be, "nice even then". Well I agree, but I don't have infinite time, and I am hardly alone in not doing it - and I am making more edits than almost anyone at the moment, so I have more time to lose.
 * I will try extra hard to make sure that I never omit to follow these practices, but I am not going to change them. Philip 03:18, 12 Jan 2005 (UTC)

British Library, Add. MS 5111. 7th century Gospel Book fragment
Hi, you recently commented on the VfD for British Library, Add. MS 5111. 7th century Gospel Book fragment, which, as you may recall, was listed for having an "ugly" name. That listing has prompted me to write a proposal for a naming convention for articles about manuscripts without names. The proposal can be found here. Any comments you would like to make would be appreciated. Thank you. Dsmdgold 10:47, Jan 12, 2005 (UTC)

Diarists categories
Could you please explain why you tried to get the category British diarists deleted? I created it as part of my project to create an overall menu for Literature of the United Kingdom. I've out a huge amount of effort into this, and I would have made more progress if the performance of the system wasn't so awful this week. The category was linked upwards all along (unless the software was malfunctioning) and it is obviously a legitimate category. It also has a subcategory. What harm did you think it could do to Wikipedia? Philip 10:21, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Primarily because Category:British diarists and Category:English diarists are parented to each other and very severely underpopulated, and the List of diarists page doesn't offer much hope of it growing. I also believe that sub-categorizing for it's own sake is harmful.  I imagine that if I was reading an article on a British diarist, I might want to use the category to see more, but the diarist connection is a very loose one – even moreso, a grouping of them by nationality. I don't see the point in sending a reader to a subcategory two levels below Category:Diarists when that sub-category contains only 3-4 articles.
 * Why not add country information to List of diarists, and link to that page from Category:Diarists? -- Netoholic @ 16:00, 2005 Jan 14 (UTC)
 * I don't like the list system. I think it represents an early stage in the evolution of Wikipedia. The category system is a much more powerful tool for dealing with the expansion of Wikipedia. It is policy that multiple organisation methods can run in parallel. You can work on lists if you want to, I am putting massive effort into categorisation. Please get on with what you want to do and don't denigrate my efforts to improve Wikipedia in my way. There will be dozens of people in the diarists categories eventually. Philip 19:02, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I mean no denegration, only to express my opinion that your categorization scheme is flawed from many perspectives. Can you please show me where this project is being initiate from?  I checked Categorization, and could not find a reference to this on any related pages. -- Netoholic @ 19:13, 2005 Jan 14 (UTC)
 * If you don't like the category system, continue to ignore it, but please don't try to vandalise the efforts of those of us who prefer it Philip 19:18, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I absolutely like the categorization system, and work often to make it more useful. I don't find "sub-occupation by nationality" particularly helpful.  If we were talking about Samuel Pepys, I would say that using Category:English writers and Category:Diarists are just about as detailed as you need to be. Both would be useful for readers, in different contexts. By using Category:English diarists, you bury the connection to other similar articles too deeply.
 * Please do not use the phrase "vandalism" to describe any part of this - it is inaccurate, and hurtful.
 * Now, I'll be happy to discuss this wherever the categorization scheme you're using was devised, if you'll point me to that page. -- Netoholic @ 20:06, 2005 Jan 14 (UTC)

 * I support User:Pcpcpc - this is clearly a work in progress and we should let him and others develop it. Nationality+Occupation categories are becoming standard, and we should balance considerations of how many articles will end up there with how well they describe content.  As for the reader having to navigate another level, the category browsing interface can only get better - we shouldn't compromise good categorisation just because the current version is poor. Jihg 16:34, Jan 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Can you please provide me a link to where this categorization scheme has been described? -- Netoholic @ 19:13, 2005 Jan 14 (UTC)
 * What on earth do you mean? I have created at least a hundred categories and this is the first time I've been attacked for it. You tell me what policies I am breaking Philip 19:16, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * From Categorization: "Questions to ask to know if a category is the appropriate tool: Is it possible to write a few paragraphs or more on the subject of a category, explaining it? If you go to the article from the category, will it be obvious why it's there? Is the category subject prominently discussed in the article? If the answer to either of these questions is no, then a category is probably inappropriate." Please do not take this as an attack, but I do challenge your reasons, and hope we can do it calmly.  -- Netoholic @ 20:12, 2005 Jan 14 (UTC)
 * That is not a prohibition. In any case, an article could be written - perhaps you could do it. There are plenty of categories with no summary article. It is a silly guideline, but it is only a guideline, so it is innocuous. Could you now please quit trying to undermine my efforts? It must be obvious by now that you are not going to change my mind, and I think it is absurd that you want to. If you don't like the category system, just ignore it. However, I expect it is found useful by tens if not hundreds of thousands of readers every day. I will now remove your speedy deletion requests as the categories are populated so the criteria do not apply. All you have done is use up time which I could have spent improving Wikipedia.Philip 20:21, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Some relevant guidelines can be found here. It says "assume the newly created category is not problematic", and lists some pitfalls, none of which apply here.  Jihg 22:04, Jan 14, 2005 (UTC)

Re: Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad
Looks like your hunch about the inaccuracy of the "largest new construction" was correct after all. I found a more reliable reference today (Trains Magazine, February 2002) that shortens the time frame for this claim to the completion of the Milwaukee Road's Pacific extension in 1909. I've updated the article accordingly and added the reference to the page. slambo 00:50, Jan 20, 2005 (UTC)

Irish Travellers
Traveller advocacy groups insist that Travellers are a distinct ethnic group with a history of many centuries and that negative treatment of Travellers thus amounts to racism. This assertion is not universally accepted. The Irish Traveller Movement was established in 1990 as "a national network of organisations and individuals working within the Traveller community" and it campaigns for full equality for Travellers in Irish society.

Your edit, adding "This assertion is not universally accepted" seems redundant, "Traveller advocay groups insist" implies their assertion is not universally accepted.Notjim 12:42, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * An implication that a slur is not universally accepted is not good enough imo. The opposite point of view needs to be stated explicitly, or the slur should be excluded too. Philip 18:33, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Horrid feeling here I'm begining to agree with Philip Giano 18:54, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Local History Link
I found a link (you probably already have it). There are so many genealogy questions at the Wikipedia Reference Desk, and this has a nice link for that. However, I thought you might find it useful. if you happen to have any interesting history links, would you mind sharing? I'm building a multilingual/international "web farm" that is a bit more comprehensive than Google... it's Allie/Wikipedia Reference Desk Links. Can't seem to link it... Best regards --allie 14:28, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.local-history.co.uk/

Do you read?
De Republica Anglorum; the Manner of Government or Policie of the Realme of England, by Sir Thomas Smyth. Why don't you read the article on John Aylmer and find out the rich history of mixed government of Britain and please check out the book referenced in that article. WHEELER 00:22, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Second here is a quote from a Greek scholar:
 * "The histories of ancient Greece published at that period, though encapsulating a great deal of truthful historical data, were intended to provide an antidote to political liberalism, whilst pledging the encomium of the ‘harmonious’ British mixed constitution." 53

Please be sure to read the footnote so you can educate yourself. For much of her years, England had mixed government which is a Republic. Many saw it that way. She naturally evolved that way. I see that you only write on golf and crickett. My specialty is government.WHEELER 00:26, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * My concern is to protect the pov policy of Wikipedia, not to engage with you in connection with your personal obsession. The fact that you have responded to my action in marking your article as pov by referring me to a source which supports your opinion, shows once again that you have difficulty in accepting Wikipedia's neutrality policy. Wikipedia is not a forum for engaging in the propagation of personal opinions. Attempting to win an argument on such a matter is not a legitimate Wikipedia activity. This would still be true if you were the leading professor of government at Oxford or Harvard. By the way, I do read and I have considerably more formal education than you, though it seems you might hold this against me. I don't just write about sport, and I have amended the introductory statement on my user page. Philip 00:32, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Chesterfield
Thank you for correcting my short article on Philip Dormer Stanhope, etc. Earl of Chesterfield. I feel that the longer one which is entitled Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield is far too intensely british-oriented and detailed to hold the interest of residents of Chesterfield County, Virginia here in the U.S., who would benefit from learning a bit more about him. Yours from Richmond on the James, Vaoverland 18:38, Feb 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * There shouldn't really be two articles on the same person, but the longer articles is probably too detailed for most British readers now. It appears to be mainly from the 1911 Britannica, and at that time Chesterfield may still have been regarded as a major figure, but now he is little more than a historical curiosity in British literature. I'm not sure what the solution is to the article length issue in Wikidepia; it is obviously not the case that the longer an article becomes, the more use it is to everyone. Philip 19:59, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

paniq on VfD
There is an interesting discussion over on VfD for the bio-article for German demoscene musician and artist paniq. I was hoping you could enter a comment or vote after reading through and reviewing the article. -R

tagging articles
Please put semi-permanent templates like that only are useful to editors, on talk pages (the only major exception I can think of would be the different stub templates). This is to Avoid self references as much as possible and make our content more useful to third party users. Thank you. :) --mav 09:03, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I think you are misguided. You forget that the vast majority of potential contributors are not practising Wikipedians, and they are just as capable of expanding an article as those with thousands of edits. It is also appropriate - indeed important - that casual readers should be warned where an article is inadequate; especially for example in the case of children who may not be able to judge this for themselves. Wikipedia is not a members' club.
 * My view is reflected in policy, which you have misinterpreted. Here is a quotation from the page you referred me to:

 * However, there are exceptions to this. In particular, an article which is still in its initial development or under dispute often will include tags such as "stub", "npov", and "expansion" to help editors further develop the article, and the text in these templates include self-references. Try, however, to limit such self-references, even in templates.

 * Editors should be taken to include all readers, not just those with high "insider" status. Please restore any tags which I inserted that you have removed.

Philip 10:41, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I couldn't help noticing this topic while looking for the best place to leave what i added below.
 * I can say with authority that Mav is not always right (he has disagreed with me!) [wink], but you'd be well to listen to him a lot harder than you have so far, before dismissing the value of his experience with these issues. One thing you'll learn is that Wikipedia:-namespace pages often aren't worth much without a stronger understanding of the context than you are likely to have soon. (You'll note there's a however inside the however concept you refer to; don't assume you're in a position to judge the balance required.)
 * It's clear that one thing Mav that said went right over your head: an important aspect of WP, perhaps a key to its success, is that many readers are not viewing via this site. Therefore they have no editing capability.  You probably also missed his implication that first-time editors can and probably should look at the discussion page: you don't have to have edited before, and you don't have to have registered, to follow the "Discuss this page" lk. (And BTW, any user who comes to WP without learning about talk pages, but assumes articles will be accurate, is a fool who hasn't learned the difference between the Web and their Sunday-school library.  There's no point trying to protect them from "inadequacies"!)
 * I'm saddened that you construed Mav as denying that
 * potential contributors [who] are not practising Wikipedians ... are just as capable of expanding an article as those with thousands of edits
 * I construe
 * ... semi-permanent templates like that only are useful to editors...
 * as meaning that they are useless to those not interested in editing (contrary to, for instance, your subsequent suggestion that they alert readers to flaky articles). He is right about that: the desirability of expansion is unlikely to correlate well with inaccuracy; in fact, articles with their talk pages so tagged are probably getting urgent attention to inaccuracies at the same time they get the tag; readers who relied on expansion tags for that purpose would be lulled into assuming their absence justified relaxed vigilance. I further suggest to you that Mav knows full well the value of new editors. You are hostile or careless in apparently assuming his concept of "editor" excludes readers who will become editors in another 15 seconds; it certainly does not mean to him "a members' club" of "practising Wikipedians" of "high 'insider' status".  Yes, all readers are potential editors, but readers who don't want to edit, or can't bcz they're reading on a non-WP site, aren't editors: they don't edit.
 * With a small bit of effort, i've determined at that 63% of a sample of such tags are on Talk pages.  Clearly Mav's view predominates, and especially if the 37% are more loosely linked articles, the explanation for their existence is likely to that your mistake is a natural one, whose correction doesn't get a high priority on such articles.
 * But perhaps the most important thing to say to you is that you obviously don't appreciate the inappropriateness of saying (however well cushioned with words of courtesy) "restore any tags which I inserted that you have removed". You may already have reached a point where your views influence some of your colleagues, but you will never own an article or even an edit, and all a policy might conceivably give you is the right to put something back yourself. I am sure (tho i've never noticed it before) that you aren't the first to do this, but IMO you have no future here unless you recognize you've made a beginner's error, and learn from the experience.
 * --Jerzy(t) 17:12, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * I am aware of the issues you mention and I am not impressed. You have not demonstrated that my interpretation of policy was incorrect; the statistics you mention are irrelevant to my point. The policy on the "expansion" template is not ambiguous; it is explicit and directly the opposite of what mav stated. People may put "expansion" tags on article pages or on talk pages as they choose. I found one of the tags which mav removed, hopefully the only one, was on XXXXXXX XXXXXX an important survey article, to which I have made the only substantial additions in recent weeks. What is the point of having a tag on the talk page of an article which doesn't have a band of regular contributors. Who is going to see it? Putting it on the main page protects Wikipedia's reputation by acknowledging that inadequate articles are known to be such and will be improved when possible. My comments were courteous and were based on the level of understanding of policy which mav exhibited in this case: I do not think it is necessary to do research into another user's background each time they make a comment. The comment should be judged on its merits. This one exhibited either a lack of attention to the detail of the very policy referenced, or much worse, an insider's opinion that his status gives him a right to override it where he disagrees with it.

 * How was I supposed to reverse mav's changes without referring to him when he did not tell me what they were? I care only about the quality Wikipedia's content. You admit that I was courteous, and if I wasn't quite able to finess my request to your satisfaction, I regret that. I am not Shakespeare, and I don't always find the ideal words. You don't either as your post has done nothing but antagonise me and make me think through the reasons why I think you are wrong. Wikipedia is not a private members' club. Some people see every organisation as a route to boost their personal esteem by acquiring rank, power and influence, and it seems to me that you are one of them, but I am not.

 * Around a month ago I was lambasted by another insider for asking to be shown some toleration as a newbie, when I had been around too long to have any such excuse. Now you are treating me like a probationary, who may be expelled shortly if he doesn't perform to the satisfaction of the powers that be, but there is no such status on Wikipedia. My experience of administrators is not good.

 * How are you proposing to damage my "future" here? I don't want recognition or cyberfriends. I would not wish to be an administrator as I can see no appeal in any of the "powers" bestowed. Being an administrator doesn't give your opinions an authority independent of the cogency of your arguments or the accuracy of your interpretation of policy, and in this case you seem to have failed to accept a most straightforward policy statement.

 * I am not here to contribute to content, not to suck up to the bosses. IMO you exhibit some of the worst and most damaging attributes of the cliquist, and you have more need to reform your conduct than I have on the basis of this exchange. Please despise me if you wish, but leave me to get on with article writing and categorization. Philip 17:26, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Finding Reverted Edits
Two methods: In either case, i'd look at the "Page history" pages rather than the articles themselves, especially if the articles are long and your pipe is slow, in screening further. You'll figure out how the histories and diffs work quicker than i could make specific suggestions on how to use a history page. In restoring, bear in mind (Given our interaction so far, i anticipate i'll choose to neither pile on nor do more than what this discussion does in itself toward soliciting piling on, tho so far i think it would be justified if you can't work it out with Mav.) --Jerzy(t) 18:36, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)
 * 1) Click on "My contributions". Each entry includes the word "Top", unless you or someone else has edited it since.  (You can probably cut&paste to another appn, and sort on article title to get all your contribs to one article together with your last ed at the top, if there are enough to make it worthwhile.)  Only articles where you have no contrib by you that includes "Top" are ones that Mav may have edited.
 * 2) Link via the sig in Mav's msg to his User: page. Click on "User contributions". My guess is he summarized on the first one, and may have done boiler-plate reverts on the rest, so you may be able to spot them by the summaries without having to try and pick them out based on your memory of what you added the tags to.
 * the 3RR and
 * the fact that its meaning is not "reverting up to 3 times in a day is just fine", and
 * that part of its purpose is for people with a unique opinion to get a chance to see how many others are prepared to pile on, doing one or two reverts per page per day and forcing the unique view either
 * into virtual eclipse and consequent reconsideration, or
 * to assert itself via something like WP:RfC.

 * Thanks for the technical assistance. I don't have any problems with mav, who so far as I knew before you piled in had just made an innocent mistake. Philip 18:44, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Charities
Thanks for editing the charities that i've just added. I'm planning to start expanding them, and additing more... Well that's it, just wanted to say thanks. Beta m (talk)

Categories
Good work, removing the Cat tags from Isaac Newton that are redundant bcz of being super-cats of other tags he also has. I offer you two principles, however:
 * 1) A cat tag that produces a red link is worthless:  It doesn't appear anywhere else except on the page you add it to, so it is just like (except for being uglier and more confusing) putting on Talk:Isaac Newton
 * Maybe we should tag him in the new Cats "English inventors" & "English mathematicians"
 * 1) Replacing an imprecise but implemented Cat by a more precise but unimplemented one does a net destruction of information, since it breaks connections, which are important mechanisms for making articles available to readers and drawing editors to them.

I have created your two new Cats by following the red links & making four cut-and-pastes from the diffs copy of the tags you deleted, two trims, and another cut& paste of Category:English people from one to the other. (I.e., much less work than explaining to you here what i did.) They may be too small to be worthwhile (as suggested by the fact they weren't already there), but IMO it's fine to leave that decision to others who specialize in organizing that portion of the DAG of Cats. (Your Cats may well be red bcz someone else already created them and others reassigned the articles in both Cats and deleted (what would later become) "your" Cats.) If they're deemed too small, the tags will be replaced and the Cats CfDed and deleted; if they've previously been created & deleted, the process just goes faster.

But your instincts are basically sound, so please keep up the good work. --Jerzy(t) 15:35, 2005 Feb 11 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your appreciation and for helping out with a couple of categories. I have however created hundreds of new categories, so I know all about it, and I have hundreds of more to do in the various sections of Wikipedia where I am planning to enhance the sub-category system. I may have omitted to create the sub-category where necessary once or twice as I kept at it when I was rather tired, though most problems of this type are actually software malfunctions, which are frustratingly frequent in general, and kept occurring in my last Wikipedia session. I am trying to create a menu system which allows all GB and NI people to be reached directly from both the British people and English/Scottish/Welsh/Northern Irish people cats. The difficulty is that many articles describe the person as British and offer no further clues. Philip 16:30, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pcpcpc/Archive 1


text:
Distichs of Cato

The Distichs of Cato (Latin: Catonis Disticha, most famously known simply as Cato), is a Latin collection of proverbial wisdom and morality by an unknown author from the 3rd or 4th century AD. The Cato was the most popular medieval schoolbook for teaching Latin, prized not only as a Latin textbook, but as a moral compass. Cato was in common use as a Latin teaching aid as late as the 18th century, used by Benjamin Franklin. It was one of the best-known books in the Middle Ages and was translated into many languages.

Background
Cato was the most popular Latin textbook during the Middle Ages, prized not only as a Latin textbook, but as a moral compass for impressionable students. It was translated into many languages, including Norse.

Geoffrey Chaucer referred to Cato in Canterbury Tales, through which modern students, less versed in Latin, often first come upon it.

The Distichs of Cato was most commonly referred to as simply "Cato". In the Middle Ages it was assumed the work had been written by Cato the Elder, or even Cato the Younger. Cato the Elder was assumed to have included tracts of the prose in his Carmen de Moribus, but this was found to be a later addition. It was eventually attributed to the anonymous author Dionysius Cato (also known as Catunculus) from the 3rd or 4th century AD, based upon evidence in a manuscript discussed by Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558). This manuscript no longer exists, though Scaliger found it authoritative.

In 1513 Erasmus corrected and commented on the text in a new edition of his own.

Corderius made the French translation, enriching it with commentaries on classical authors. His work was aimed at children with a summary, verses and an analysis of the structure. It was actually a grammatical treatise.

There were several Spanish translations of the work of Corderius. From the first one in 1490 down to 1964, there are records of 6 Spanish translations. An authority on Michael Servetus, González Echeverría presented at the ISHM the thesis that Servetus was actually the author of the anonymous Spanish translation of 1543 of this work of Corderius.

There were several English translations, one being that of John Kingston in 1584.

Benjamin Franklin probably studied Cato when he was at Boston Latin School. He cites Cato in Poor Richard's Almanack and believed in the moral advice with such fervor he was troubled to print James Logan's translation called Cato's Moral Distichs Englished in Couplets in 1735, the first in the Colonies. Of its limited need in the morally puritan New England colonies, Franklin says:

 * "It would be thought a Piece of Hypocrisy and pharisaical Ostentation in me, if I should say, that I print these Distichs more with a view to the Good of others than my own private Advantage: And indeed I cannot say it; for I confess, I have so great Confidence in the common Virtue and Good Sense of the People of this and the neighboring Provinces, that I expect to sell a very good impression."

Cato
Libros lege (Read books) —Cato, Monostichs.

"Distich" means closed couplets, a style of writing with two-liners. It is a collection of moral advice, each consisting of hexameters, in four books. Cato is not particularly Christian in character, but it is monotheistic.

Sample distichs
2.1. If you can, even remember to help people you don't know. More precious than a kingdom it is to gain friends by kindness. 2.9. Do not disdain the powers of a small body; He may be strong in counsel (though) nature denies him strength. 3.2. If you live rightly, do not worry about the words of bad people, It is not our call as to what each person says.

title: Distichs of Cato


text:
User talk:Ossiemanners

Paradoxes template
Thanks for your suggestion Ossie (is that your real name?). I thought about doing a paradoxes template but have not hit upon a satisfactory (comprehensive and navigable) schema on which any such template would be hung. Perhaps you know one? Also, WP:DICK. Andeggs 19:59, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:UK2-logo.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:UK2-logo.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 09:01, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being 'minor'. The only thing that's changed is that you will no longer be able to have them marked as minor by default. For more information on what a minor edit is, see WP:MINOR or feel to get in touch.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 19:59, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ossiemanners


text:
Irving Fryar

Irving Dale Fryar, Sr. (born September 28, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 17 seasons. Fryar played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers, and was recognized as an All-American. He was selected with the first overall pick of the 1984 NFL draft, becoming the second wide receiver to be taken number one overall, the first being Dave Parks in 1964. Fryar played professionally for the New England Patriots, Miami Dolphins, Philadelphia Eagles, and Washington Redskins of the NFL. Known for his longevity, his best seasons statistically came well into his 30s, at a time when many receivers are on the tail end of their careers, and he played for 17 seasons, retiring at the age of 39 holding several NFL longevity records for receivers.

Early life
Fryar grew up in Mount Holly Township, New Jersey, and played high school football at Rancocas Valley Regional High School.

College career
An All-American at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in 1983, Fryar played alongside Heisman Trophy winner Mike Rozier (running back) and Heisman finalist Turner Gill (quarterback).

Professional career
Fryar was the second wide receiver to be selected first overall in an NFL draft when the New England Patriots made him the top selection of the 1984 NFL draft.

With the Patriots, Fryar saw success on a receiving corps that featured Stephen Starring and perennial Pro Bowler Stanley Morgan. He also served as the team's primary punt returner. Following the 1985 season, in which Fryar was named to his first Pro Bowl, he played in Super Bowl XX, where he scored New England's only touchdown in their 46–10 loss to the Chicago Bears. He was one of the few marquee players on the 1–15 1990 team, and in 1991 he had his first 1000-yard receiving season. Traded to the Dolphins in 1993 for a pair of high-round draft picks, he made an immediate impact, having two further 1000-yard seasons in 1993 and 1994, and making the Pro Bowl both years. Following the 1995 season, he signed as a free agent with the Eagles, with whom he played in a fourth and fifth Pro Bowl following the 1996 and 1997 seasons. After retiring from football briefly following the 1998 season, he was signed by the Redskins, with whom he played the final two seasons of his career. Fryar retired from the NFL in 2001 after completing 17 NFL seasons. During that time, he caught 851 passes for 12,785 yards and 84 touchdowns, along with one rushing and three punt return touchdowns. He also gained 242 rushing yards, 2,055 yards returning punts, 505 yards on kickoff returns, and 7 fumble return yards, giving him 15,594 all-purpose yards.

Fryar's 255 played games are the most ever for a New Jersey-born player.

Personal life
Fryar has had several off-field incidents during and after his career. In 1985, he missed the AFC championship game after injuring his hand in a domestic dispute with his pregnant wife. He was arrested in 1988 on weapons charges after a New Jersey state trooper found a loaded shotgun and handgun and a hunting knife in Fryar's car.

On November 23, 1986, Fryar separated his shoulder during a game against the Buffalo Bills. Instead of watching the rest of the game from the sidelines, Fryar left the stadium and was listening to the game while driving his car through Foxboro. He crashed into a tree and suffered a slight concussion.

His wife filed for divorce in 2014 after 29 years of marriage. They have four children.

On August 7, 2015, Fryar and his mother, Allene McGhee, were found guilty of conspiring to defraud six banks and a mortgage company by a New Jersey Superior Court jury. The prosecution maintained that Fryar and McGhee conspired with real estate consultant William Barksdale in a scheme to fraudulently obtain six home-equity loans totaling about $850,000 in November and December 2009, and a $414,000 mortgage in October 2009, using McGhee's home as collateral in each instance. Fryar and McGhee maintain they were victims of Barksdale, who is serving a 20-month sentence in federal prison for conspiracy to commit wire fraud for his role in the scheme, and plans to appeal.

Fryar's son, Londen, was signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 2009 out of Western Michigan University.

On October 2, 2015, Pro Football Talk reported that Fryar and his mother were convicted of mortgage fraud. Fryar will receive a five-year prison sentence while his mother will receive probation. According to the New Jersey AG who oversaw the case, John Hoffman, "The fact that Fryar had the means to succeed and do good things and instead chose this criminal path makes his actions all the more reprehensible".

On December 7, 2015, a NJ Judge handed up an order that Irving Fryar and his mother to pay $615,600 in restitution to five lending institutions that were cheated in a mortgage scam. Fryar and his mother, Allene McGhee, were convicted of applying for multiple mortgage loans in quick succession while using the same property as collateral. Fryar was sentenced in October to five years in prison while his mother received three years of probation. In June 2016, Fryar was released from prison after serving eight months of his sentence. He was placed under the state's Supervision Program for non-violent offenders.

NFL records

 * Touchdown receptions from 19 different passers
 * First player to record a touchdown in 17 consecutive seasons (1984–2000) - (broken by Jerry Rice who ended up with 20 consecutive seasons with a touchdown reception)
 * Oldest player to score 4 touchdowns (all receptions) in a single game (October 20, 1996) - 34 years, 22 days
 * Third most receiving yards in a half - 211 (2nd half, September 4, 1994)

title: Irving Fryar


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Meles (genus)

Meles is a genus of badgers containing four living species known as Eurasian badgers, the Japanese badger (Meles anakuma), Asian badger (Meles leucurus), Caucasian badger (Meles canescens) and European badger (Meles meles). In an older categorization, they were seen as a single species with three subspecies (Meles meles anakuma, Meles meles leucurus and Meles meles meles). There are also several extinct members of the genus. They are members of the subfamily Melinae of the weasel family, Mustelidae.

Taxonomy
The genus Meles was erected by French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1762 after Carl Linnaeus had described the Eurasian badger Meles meles in 1758. This animal had a very extensive range over most of temperate Europe and Asia and there has been much discussion as to whether it is a single or three distinct species. There are geographical differences between individuals from different parts of the range in skull structure, morphology of the first premolar teeth, and facial markings. Some authorities advocated placing European and Asian badgers in separate species, Meles meles and Meles leptorhynchus (Milne-Edwards, 1867), the boundary between the two being the Volga River. Others considered three subspecies, M. m. meles found west of the Volga, M. m. arenarius-leptorhynchus found between the Volga and Transbaikalia, and M. m. amurensis-anakuma from the Amur and Primorsky regions.

Genetic studies of mitochondrial DNA show the separation of two variants on either side of the Volga but their exact taxonomic rank remains undefined. A further study of cheek teeth from individuals across the entire range supports this division and provides confirmation that M. meles and M. anakuma are indeed separate species.

Fossils
A further species is Meles thorali from the late Pleistocene, known only from fossil remains, specimens of which have been found at Saint-Vallier, Drôme, in southeastern France and Binagady, in Azerbaijan. These have large cheek teeth and characteristics intermediate between M. meles and M. anakuma. It is theorized that they were an ancestral species from which these two modern species diverged. Another extinct species from Europe is Meles hollitzeri from the Early Pleistocene, remains of which were found in Deutsch-Altenburg, in northeastern Austria, and Untermassfeld, in southeastern Germany.

title: Meles (genus)


text:
Ernst von Weizsäcker

Ernst Heinrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker (25 May 1882 – 4 August 1951) was a German naval officer, diplomat and politician. He served as State Secretary at the Foreign Office of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1943, and as its Ambassador to the Holy See from 1943 to 1945. He was a member of the prominent Weizsäcker family, and the father of German President Richard von Weizsäcker and physicist and philosopher Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker.

Early life
Weizsäcker was born in 1882 in Stuttgart to Karl Hugo von Weizsäcker, who would become minister president (the equivalent of prime minister) of the Kingdom of Württemberg and raised to personal nobility in 1897, and to Paula von Meibom. In 1911, he married Marianne von Graevenitz, who belonged to the old nobility. In 1916 he became a Freiherr (Baron), as his father and his family were raised to the inheritable nobility, less than two years before the fall of the Württembergish monarchy.

Naval career
In 1900, Weizsäcker joined the Imperial German Navy to become an officer, serving mainly in Berlin. In 1916, he served as Flag Lieutenant to Admiral Reinhard Scheer aboard the German flagship SMS Friedrich der Grosse (1911) during the Battle of Jutland. In 1917, during the latter portion of the First World War, he earned the Iron Cross (both classes) and was the next year was promoted to Korvettenkapitän (corvette captain) (equivalent to the British and American rank of lieutenant commander).

He was a member of the Naval Staff led by Admiral Reinhard Scheer from August 1918. From June 1919 to April 1920, he served as naval attaché to The Hague.

Diplomatic career
Weizsäcker joined the German Foreign Service in 1920. He was appointed as Consul to Basel in 1921, as Councillor in Copenhagen in 1924 and was stationed in Geneva from 1927. He became head of the department for disarmament in 1928 and was appointed as envoy to Oslo in 1931 and to Bern in 1933. In 1936, as ambassador to Bern, Weizsäcker played a key role in stripping Thomas Mann of his German citizenship. He became Director of the Policy Department at the Foreign Office in 1937 and the following year he was appointed as Staatssekretär ("State Secretary") -- the second ranking official after the Foreign Minister in the German Foreign Office.

He was encouraged by his superior to join the ruling National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), which he did in 1938, and he was also awarded an honorary rank in the Schutzstaffel (SS). In 1938, Weizsäcker was opposed to the general trend in German foreign policy of attacking Czechoslovakia for fear that it might cause a general war that Germany would lose. He had no moral objections to the idea of destroying Czechoslovakia, only the timing of the attack. Weizsäcker had some contacts with members of the German opposition, but during his interrogations after the war, he never claimed to be a member of the resistance. It was only after he was brought to trial that Weizsäcker first claimed to be an anti-Nazi working with all his heart and might to overthrow the Nazi regime.

On 19 August 1938, Weizsäcker wrote in a memo to Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop: "'I again opposed the whole theory of (an attack on Czechoslovakia) and observed that we should have to wait political developments until the English lose interest in the Czech matter and would tolerate our action, before we could tackle the affair without risk'." Weizsäcker never sent his memo to Ribbentrop. Together with the Abwehr chief, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, and the Army Chief of Staff, General Ludwig Beck, Weizsäcker was a leader of the antiwar group in the German government, which was determined to avoid a war in 1938 that it felt Germany would lose. The group was not necessarily committed to the overthrow of the regime but was loosely allied to another more radical group, the "anti-Nazi" faction centred on Colonel Hans Oster and Hans Bernd Gisevius, which wanted to use the crisis as an excuse for executing a putsch to overthrow the regime.

The divergent aims between these two factions produced considerable tension. The historian Eckart Conze stated in a 2010 interview: "'An overthrow of Hitler was out of the question. The group wanted to avoid a major war and the potential catastrophic consequences for Germany. Their goal wasn't to get rid of the dictator but, as they saw it, to bring him to his senses'."

Weizsäcker was promoted to SS-Brigadeführer on 30 January 1942.

Ambassador to the Vatican
After the German defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943 and the changing German war fortunes, and following his own request, Weizsäcker resigned as State Secretary and was appointed German Ambassador to the Holy See from 1943 to 1945.

When received by the Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione on 6 January 1944, Weizsäcker stated, "If Germany as a bulwark against communism should fall, all of Europe will become communist". To this, Maglione replied, "What a misfortune, that Germany with its antireligious policies has stirred up such concerns". Similar representations were repeated by Weizsäcker to Monsignore Giovanni Battista Montini, later Pope Paul VI.

Weizsäcker's record at the Vatican was mixed. In Berlin, he had refused to accept a papal note protesting against the treatment of occupied Poland. During the German occupation of Rome, Weizsäcker did almost nothing to stop the deportation of Jews, albeit he helped individuals to avoid persecution, and helped to free Rome from all German military bases in an effort to discourage Allied bombing of the city. He also advised the Foreign Office that drafting Jews for labour camps inside Italy would be less likely to draw a papal protest than deporting them. According to Richard J. Evans, Weizsäcker shared the opinion of Ulrich von Hassell that the Final Solution was a "devilish campaign".

"His messages and documents to Berlin were nothing but lies," his coworker Albrecht von Kessel later said. In those messages to Berlin, Weizsäcker purposely painted Pope Pius XII as mild, diplomatic, indecisive and pro-German to help the Pope and to avoid anti-German sentiment in Italy. Like the commanding Waffen SS General Karl Wolff, Weizsäcker was clearly opposed to Hitler's plan to occupy the Vatican during which Weizsäcker feared the Pope being shot "fleeing while avoiding arrest".

Weizsäcker continued to present the Vatican with anticommunist slogans, and he both threatened a separate Soviet-German peace and requested from Monsignore Domenico Tardini the immediate mounting of a papal peace initiative to end the war in the West so that Germany could finish communism in the East. Tardini saw that as a transparent effort to obtain a military solution.

Like several other German officials, Weizsäcker attempted to negotiate the survival of some segment of the government and to avoid the unconditional surrender of Germany, but his efforts failed in bringing up the subject of "a German transition government, and the likelihood of his being a member of it".

Postwar

After the end of the war, Weizsäcker initially remained in the Vatican City with his wife, as a guest of the Pope and a member of the diplomatic corps. He did not return to Germany until 1946. Weizsäcker was arrested on 25 July 1947 in Nuremberg and was put on trial in the Ministries Trial, also known as the Wilhelmstrasse Trial, after the location of the German Foreign Office in Berlin. The Ministries Trial was one of 12 trials conducted by Nuremberg Military Tribunals in the American occupation zone. The American military tribunals started before and finished during the Berlin Blockade confrontation with the Soviets and proceeded without participation of the Soviet Union.

Weizsäcker's supporters claimed that he had been closely associated with the anti-Nazi resistance and a moderate force at the Foreign Office during the war.

Weizsäcker was charged with active cooperation with the deportation of French Jews to Auschwitz, as a crime against humanity. Weizsäcker, with the assistance of his son, the future German President Richard von Weizsäcker, who appeared as his assistant defence counsel (Richard was a law student during the trial), claimed that he had no knowledge of the purpose for which Auschwitz had been designed and believed that Jewish prisoners would face less danger if they were deported to the East.

In 1949, Weizsäcker was found guilty of crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, and sentenced to 7 years in prison. Winston Churchill called his sentence a "deadly error". The same year, the sentence was reduced to 5 years, after his conviction for crimes against peace was overturned. In October 1950, after 3 years and 3 months of detention, he obtained an early release from prison in Landsberg after a new examination of his case by the Legislative Affairs Office of the US High Commissioner for Germany, John J. McCloy. Weizsäcker subsequently published his memoirs, written in prison, in which he portrayed himself as a supporter of the German Resistance.

Death and legacy
Weizsäcker died of a stroke on August 4, 1951, at the age of 69.

In 2010, the historian Eckart Conze assessed the belief that the German Federal Foreign Office had no involvement with war crimes in an interview:"'The legend stems from individuals associated with the Weizsäcker defense. Former diplomats, such as the brothers Erich and Theo Kordt, played a key role in the effort, as did other members of the traditional upper class, which Weizsäcker represented. One of them was his defense lawyer, Hellmut Becker, the son of the Prussian culture minister, Carl Heinrich Becker, and another was Marion Gräfin Dönhoff, a young journalist who sharply criticized the trial in Die Zeit. They all knew that if they succeeded in exonerating Weizsäcker, they would have rehabilitated the national conservative, aristocratic and bourgeois upper class.'"

title: Ernst von Weizsäcker


text:
Jerome Brown

Willie Jerome Brown III (February 4, 1965 – June 25, 1992) was an American football defensive tackle who played for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He played his entire five-year NFL career with the Eagles from 1987 to 1991, before his death just before the 1992 season. He was selected to two Pro Bowls in 1990 and 1991. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes.

Early life and education
Brown graduated from Hernando High School in Brooksville, Florida, where he was often seen in the off season running laps around the track. In June 1988, he received praise for his calm demeanor as he helped disperse a group of Ku Klux Klan protesters in Brooksville, Florida.

College career
Brown played college football at the University of Miami, where he was a standout player for one of college football's most successful and perhaps its most dominant program.

Among his more notable moments as a Miami player, five days before the 1987 Fiesta Bowl, at a promotional Fiesta Bowl dinner with the Penn State team, Brown led a walkout by the Miami players. Leading the walkout, he asked: "Did the Japanese go and sit down and have dinner with Pearl Harbor before they bombed them?" Brown and his teammates felt that the Penn State players had disrespected them by openly mocking Miami's coach, Jimmy Johnson, at a pre-game banquet. Penn State beat the heavily favored Hurricanes 14-10, and were declared National Champions.

Days earlier, Brown and fellow University of Miami player Dan Sileo drew even greater national controversy when each were seen deplaning a chartered University of Miami plane at Phoenix's Sky Harbor International Airport, wearing Battle Dress Uniforms. He graduated from the University of Miami in 1987.

Professional career
Brown was drafted in the first round (ninth overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft by the Philadelphia Eagles. During his five-year professional career with the Eagles, he was twice selected to the Pro Bowl (in 1990 and 1991).

Death and legacy
Brown died on June 25, 1992, at the age of 27, following an automobile accident in Brooksville, Florida, in which both he and his 12-year-old nephew were killed when Brown lost control of his ZR1 Chevrolet Corvette at high speed and crashed into a palm tree. Brown was buried in his hometown of Brooksville.

In 2000, the Jerome Brown Community Center was opened in Brooksville in memory of Brown.

Brown's son Dee Brown (born 1982) was drafted in the 10th round of the 2005 MLB Draft by the Washington Nationals. He played four seasons of minor league baseball as an outfielder in the Nationals farm system and another two seasons with the Winnipeg Goldeyes of the independent Northern League.

Brown and former teammate Reggie White were documented together in an episode of the NFL Network series A Football Life that aired in 2011. White, who died in 2004, was invited to speak at a Billy Graham Crusade being held in Philadelphia the day Brown was killed and was informed just before he went on stage of his friend's death. When he came up to the pulpit to speak, White deviated from his prepared remarks and his speech opened with the following:

Tonight, I had planned on sharing my testimony, but it's kinda been altered. Today I lost a great friend; Philadelphia lost a great player, Jerome Brown died today.

An emotional White, pausing to wipe tears from his eyes, continued as the crowd gasped in shock at hearing that Brown was dead. He said that Brown was one of the best men he ever knew, praised his family, and called him one of his best friends.

Legacy
Along with teammate Reggie White, Brown helped anchor an Eagles defense that intimidated and dominated offenses of the late 1980s and early 1990s. By the end of the 1991 season, Brown had established himself as one of the league's premier defensive tackles, being elected as an All-Pro for a second consecutive year. Brown was not only a fan favorite, but a favorite of his first NFL head coach Buddy Ryan, who once remarked, "if you had 45 Jerome Browns, you would win every game."

Brown's jersey number (#99) was retired by the Eagles on September 6, 1992 in an emotional pre-game ceremony at Veterans Stadium, prior to the Eagles' first game of the 1992 season. After his death, Eagles players and fans started the unofficial motto "Bring it home for Jerome," an indirect reference among Eagles fans to bringing a Super Bowl title to the city in Brown's honor. The Eagles would win Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018, which would have been Brown's 53rd birthday.

Brown is mentioned in The Wonder Years track "We Could Die Like This" off their 4th album The Greatest Generation with the lyrics: "We watched the '92 Birds take the field without Jerome Brown".

title: Jerome Brown


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Endeavour Foundation

Endeavour Foundation is a not-for-profit charity headquartered in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is one of the largest disability service providers in Australia, employing over 1800 staff and supported by 1200 volunteers.

The organisation was established in Queensland in 1951 to support children with an intellectual disability. Endeavour Foundation now supports over 4,000 people with a disability across Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria to live active and fulfilling lives at home, to find employment compatible with their abilities and to engage more broadly within the community.

Endeavour Foundation continues to advocate, innovate and push the boundaries for its customers, encouraging them to live their lives to the full and working closely with them to help make their possibilities a reality.

In 2014, the Endeavour Foundation was a recipient of the Queensland Greats Awards.

History
Endeavour Foundation was founded in 1951 by a group of parents of children with an intellectual disability. Initially called the Queensland Sub-Normal Children's Welfare Association, the group's ambition was to establish training centres to teach the children to do simple unskilled work. The group received the patronage of Sir Fred Schonell, the first Professor of Education and later Vice-Chancellor of the University of Queensland. Schonell was Endeavour Foundation's first President and extended his research interest in education for people with a disability by creating the Remedial Education Centre (now known as the Fred and Eleanor Schonell Special Education Research Centre), one of the first of its kind in the world.

In its first two years of operation, the organisation registered 300 children with an intellectual disability. The Association's first school and support group were established in a member's home. In June 1953, the association established its first centre in Coorparoo in Brisbane with a teacher to provide basic education to the children, putting into practice ideas developed at the University of Queensland. By 1954, the Association had grown beyond Brisbane, with the formation of the first regional sub-committees in Toowoomba and Ipswich. In 1955, the centre moved to a large property in Bowen Hills in Brisbane.

Endeavour Foundation's Head Office, one regional office and a non-vocational day service were previously based at the location, now known as Schonell House in Jordan Terrace, which was sold to property developer BMI Group in the late 2000s and has since been on sold.

The organisation continued to expand rapidly, opening its first service for adults – a workshop in Bowen Hills, and its first accommodation service in Toowoomba in 1964.

In 1982, the Association voted to enact a change of name from the Queensland Sub-Normal Children's Welfare Association to Endeavour Foundation, reflecting a change in societal attitudes towards people with a disability and the organisation's growth.

By 1984, Endeavour Foundation had grown to provide services to more than 3,500 people in 19 non-vocational day services for adults, 25 schools, 12 workshops, 6 farms, 34 adult residential homes, 24 group homes, and 13 clinics across the state. In 1986, the provision of education to children was taken over by the Queensland Department of Education, and Endeavour Foundation's focus moved to support for adults.

Through the 1980s and 1990s, Endeavour Foundation continued to grow, despite recognition that the organisation was losing thousands of dollars per week through the provision of services to people without individualised funding packages by the Queensland Government. This resulted in the shedding of major property assets by the organisation, and the movement and closure of some services.

Currently, Endeavour Foundation's services are divided among four geographical areas. These areas are: Queensland North (incorporating Far North Queensland down to Bundaberg), Queensland South (Hervey Bay down to Caloundra and out to Stanthorpe), Queensland Metro (from Moreton down to the Gold Coast and west to Gatton, including Brisbane), and New South Wales/Victoria. The organisation is managed by chief executive officer David Swain and senior management, guided by an elected Board of Directors.

Endeavour Foundation has ten Area Committees made up of Endeavour Foundation members. The committees provide feedback on policy and services, build community links and vote on elected members of the Board.

In September 2009, Endeavour Foundation acquired Cumberland Industries in Western Sydney, providing employment for a further 610 people with a disability, making Endeavour Foundation the largest non-government provider of direct disability employment in Australia.

In 2013, Endeavour Foundation opened a $3.8 million fully accredited food packaging facility in the Brisbane suburb of Wacol. This facility currently provides employment, training and support for 221 people with a disability. The same year, Endeavour Foundation acquired Bay Support Services Group in Hervey Bay. When Bay Support Services went into voluntary liquidation, the Queensland Government asked Endeavour Foundation to take over the operations of the group, securing the support of 68 people with a disability and 230 staff positions.

2014 saw the amalgamation of Endeavour Foundation with supported employment service VATMI Group and also the Community Solutions Group of non-government organisations including TORGAS, Acclaim and Skills Plus/Brace. VATMI was the largest employer of people with a disability in Victoria, with four locations and various facilities in Kew, Keon Park, Bendigo, Wangaratta and Stawell. The merge with Community Solutions Group helped form Endeavour Foundation's Community Solutions Division; providing valued and complementary health and wellbeing, workforce (including apprenticeships), education and training services.

In 2017, Endeavour Foundation completed construction of the Kingaroy Kitchen Cafe. The addition of a cafe to the already successful commercial kitchen provides even more opportunities for people with a disability to develop skills working in hospitality and customer service.

The Endeavour Foundation of today is a diverse and embracing collection of like-minded businesses and communities from across the country. While much has changed over the last 66 years, the core objective and commitment of the organisation remains unchanged – to provide real possibilities and opportunities for people with a disability.

Services provided
In order to bring real possibilities to life, Endeavour Foundation's disability services are tailored around an individual's goals and aspirations. Endeavour Foundation currently supports more than 4,000 people to live fulfilling lives across 230 locations in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Most service users are adults with Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, Fragile X syndrome and non-specific intellectual disabilities. Endeavour Foundation is the largest non-government provider of direct community services (to any group) in Australia.

Home & Daily Life
Endeavour Foundation provides people with disabilities better access to their communities and the chance to experience more in their daily lives through a range of housing and daily support services. With the aim of helping people transition to a more independent lifestyle, support is tailored to individual needs to allow customers to thrive. Living independently assists many people in achieving their goals, learning life skills and engaging in their community. Endeavour Foundation assists people in securing accommodation in either private or shared rented, public or private housing.

Work
As Australia's largest employer of people with a disability, Endeavour Foundation is experienced in providing supported employment and training focusing on what people can do, their strengths and capabilities. Endeavour Foundation supported workplaces are involved in the manufacture of industrial cleaning cloths, timber furniture and other wood products, mailing, collation and packing services (including food and pharmaceutical packaging), document destruction, e-recycling, industrial sewing, agriculture (nurseries, farms and orchards), as well as QArt – a professionally operated art studio for artists with a disability, with an accompanying retail gallery in Kew, Victoria – and Kingaroy Kitchen Fine Foods and Cafe, which sell a large range of delicious home-style jams, chutneys and biscuits. Endeavour Foundation also operates training organisations and employment agencies that offer specialised transition to work programs, work placements and apprenticeships.

Learning
Endeavour Foundation offers a range of learning and development opportunities that enable people with a disability to use their current knowledge and strengths to develop new skills. A tailored learning program can be developed with Endeavour Foundation to assist with a range of needs including: practical living skills to build confidence and self-esteem, learning or career plans depending on the person's aspirations, building knowledge or qualifications for meaningful employment and mentors to assist in transitioning through school, work and towards independent living.

Social & Community Participation
Endeavour Foundation offers opportunities for people interested in trying new activities, making new friends and increasing their participation in the community. Customers are able to participate in activities that they know they enjoy, or alternatively go outside of their comfort zone and try something new. The organisation has helped countless people with disabilities to join social groups or communal activities, learn how to use public transport or to drive a car, play musical instruments, sing in choirs, and even just attend regular community activities like sporting events or going to the movies. Endeavour Foundation supports people in whatever they would like to do.

Relationships & Independence
Endeavour Foundation provides a range of supports to enable people with disabilities to form positive relationships with friends, family and other important people in their lives. Communication skills including assistive technology, behavioural support to manage difficult emotions and behaviours and support groups are all available. All services are designed to allow customers to achieve greater independence, and choice and control over how they live their lives.

Shops and Products
Endeavour Foundation runs 26 recycled clothing stores in Queensland and New South Wales, known as Endo's, as well as an online eBay store. These stores sell new and recycled clothing, furniture, books, bedding and bric-a-brac.

Kingaroy Kitchen Fine Foods, which provides employment and training opportunities for 27 supported employees in the South Burnett region, produces hampers, preservative-free chutneys, marmalades, jams, biscuits and cakes available for purchase. The addition of a cafe in 2017 provides additional employment opportunities as well as the option for customers to dine-in and experience the Kingaroy Kitchen hospitality first-hand.

Endeavour Foundation has partnered with local Queensland councils to manage Tip Shops and Recycle Markets. There are currently ten Endeavour Foundation Tip Shops and Recycle Markets in Queensland that salvage and sell household items and furnishings, collectables, books and toys, and sporting equipment.

All funds raised through Endeavour Foundation's shops are reinvested into providing real possibilities for people with a disability. The stores also provide a valuable range of employment opportunities for people with a disability.

Fundraising
The Great Endeavour Rally is Endeavour Foundation's flagship annual fundraising event, which has been running for more than 30 years.

Endeavour Foundation is also well known for their prize home lotteries, which have been raising funds for the organisation for more than 40 years. Seven prize home lotteries and five Ultimate Life Changer lotteries are run each year.

All funds raised through lotteries and fundraising events go directly towards Endeavour Foundation's programs to support people with intellectual disability.

Criticism and controversy
Endeavour Foundation has been subject to some criticism for its large size, conservatism, and influence on government policy. Since 2000, the organisation has been shedding property assets and closing some services.

In 2000 and 2001, Endeavour Foundation attracted major controversy when it decided to cut case management services, with some staff discovering their positions had been made redundant through the press. In 2004, Endeavour Foundation was again subject to criticism for its decision to cut the Specialist Services team, an innovative service supporting staff to support service users with challenging (aggressive and assaultive) behaviour, only to announce in October 2005 that it would be reinstating the staff support service in a reduced form (though the employment of Disability Advisors) and combining abuse response and advocacy functions.

title: Endeavour Foundation