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Box art for the Adventures of Lolo 3.

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Hanif Kureishi

Hanif Kureishi (born 5 December 1954) is a British Pakistani playwright, screenwriter, filmmaker, and novelist. He is known for his novels My Beautiful Laundrette and The Buddha of Suburbia.

Early life and education
Kureishi was born on 5 December 1954 in Bromley, South London to a Pakistani father, Rafiushan (Shanoo) Kureishi, and an English mother, Audrey Buss. His father was from a wealthy family based in Madras (now Chennai), whose members moved to Pakistan after the Partition of India in 1947.

Rafiushan traveled to the UK in 1950 to study law, but he ran out of money and needed to take a desk job at the Pakistani embassy instead. There he met his wife-to-be, Audrey Buss, "a young lower-middle-class suburban woman". He wanted to be a writer but his ambitions were frustrated, "eking out a life of permanent disappointment, writing novels on the kitchen table, but getting turned down." After the couple married, they settled in Bromley, where their son Hanif Kureishi was born.

In an interview, Kureishi notes:"My [paternal] grandfather, an army doctor, was a colonel in the British Indian Army. Big family. Servants. Tennis court. Cricket. Everything. My father went to the Cathedral School that Salman Rushdie went to. Later, in Pakistan, my family were close to the Bhuttos. My uncle Omar was a newspaper columnist and the manager of the Pakistan cricket team...My grandfather, the colonel, was terrifying. A hard-living, hard-drinking gambler. Womanising. Around him it was like The Godfather. They drank and they gossiped. The women would come and go."

Hanif Kureishi attended Bromley Technical High School and studied for A-levels at Bromley College of Technology. While at this college, he was elected as student union president (1972). Some of the characters from his semi-autobiographical novel, The Buddha of Suburbia, are drawn from this period. He spent a year studying philosophy at Lancaster University, then withdrew. Later he attended King's College London and earned a degree in philosophy.

Career
Kureishi started his career in the 1970s as a pornography writer, under the pseudonyms Antonia French and Karim. He went on to write plays for the Hampstead Theatre, Soho Poly, and by the age of 18, was with the Royal Court.

He wrote My Beautiful Laundrette in 1985, about a gay Pakistani-British boy growing up in 1980s London for a film directed by Stephen Frears. The screenplay, especially the racial discrimination experienced, contained elements from Hanif's experiences as the only Pakistani student in his class at school. It won the New York City Film Critics Best Screenplay Award and an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay. He also wrote the screenplay for Sammy and Rosie Get Laid (1987). His book The Buddha of Suburbia (1990) won the Whitbread Award for the best first novel and was made into a BBC television series with a soundtrack by David Bowie. 1991 saw the release of the feature film titled London Kills Me, written and directed by Kureishi.

His novel Intimacy (1998) revolved around the story of a man leaving his wife and two young sons after feeling physically and emotionally rejected by his wife. This created some controversy as Kureishi recently had left his own partner (the editor and producer Tracey Scoffield) and two young sons; it was assumed to be at least semi-autobiographical. In 2000/2001, the novel was adapted into the film Intimacy by Patrice Chéreau, which won two Bears at the Berlin Film Festival: a Golden Bear for Best Film and a Silver Bear for Best Actress (Kerry Fox). It was controversial for its explicit sex scenes. The book was translated into Persian by Niki Karimi in 2005.

Kureishi's drama The Mother was adapted as a film by Roger Michell, which won a joint First Prize in the Director’s Fortnight section at Cannes Film Festival. It showed a cross-generational relationship with a reversal of expected roles: a 70-year-old English grandmother (played by Anne Reid) seduces her daughter's boyfriend (played by Daniel Craig), a 30-year-old craftsman. Explicit sex scenes were shown in realistic drawings only, thus avoiding censorship. He wrote the 2006 screenplay Venus which starred Peter O'Toole.

A novel titled Something to Tell You was published in 2008.

His 1995 novel The Black Album, adapted for the theatre, was performed at the National Theatre in July and August 2009. In May 2011, he was awarded the second Asia House Literature Award on the closing night of the Asia House Literary Festival where he discussed his Collected Essays (Faber).

Kureishi has written non-fiction, including autobiography. As noted by Cathy Galvin in The Telegraph: "But at the core of his life, as described in his memoir My Ear at His Heart is Kureishi’s relationship with his father, Rafiushan, who died in 1991."

Major influences on Kureishi's writing include P.G. Wodehouse and Philip Roth.

Personal life
Kureishi, who is bisexual, lives in West London. His entry in Who's Who lists his recreations as "music, cricket, sitting in pubs".

He has twin boys (from his relationship with film producer Tracey Scoffield ) and a younger son. Although he acknowledges his father's Pakistani roots (originating in Madras, in British India, present-day Chennai, India), he rarely visits Pakistan. Upon a 2012 visit sponsored by the British Council, he acknowledged that it was his first trip to Pakistan in 20 years.

Kureishi's uncle was the writer, columnist and Pakistani cricket commentator and team manager Omar Kureishi. The poet Maki Kureishi was his aunt.

Kureishi's family have accused him of exploiting them with thinly disguised references in his work; Kureishi has denied the claims. His sister Yasmin has accused him of selling her family "down the line". She wrote, in a letter to The Guardian, that if her family's history had to become public, she would not stand by and let it be "fabricated for the entertainment of the public or for Hanif's profit". She says that his description of her family's working-class roots are fictitious. Their grandfather was not "cloth cap working class", their mother never worked in a shoe factory, and their father, she says, was not a bitter old man. Yasmin takes issue with her brother for his thinly-disguised autobiographical references in his first novel The Buddha of Suburbia, as well as for the image of his own past that he portrays in newspaper interviews. She wrote: "My father was angry when The Buddha of Suburbia came out as he felt that Hanif had robbed him of his dignity, and he didn't speak to Hanif for about a year." Kureishi and his father did not speak for many months during the controversy. There was further furore with the publication of Intimacy, as the story was assumed to be autobiographical.

In early 2013, Kureishi lost his life savings, intended to cover "the ups and downs of being a writer", in a suspected fraud. In October of that year, Kureishi was appointed as a professor in the creative writing department at Kingston University in London, where he was a writer in residence. However, at Bath Literature Festival in March 2014, he stated that creative writing courses were a "waste of time" and commented that 99.9% of his students were talentless.

In 2014, the British Library announced that it would be acquiring the archive of Kureishi's documents spanning 40 years of his writing life. The body of work was to include diaries, notebooks and drafts.

On 26 December 2022, Kureishi was hospitalised following a fall in Rome, which left him with spinal injuries and unable to move his limbs. According to Kureishi, the fall triggered a near-death experience. He was convinced he was going to die while in hospital. Kureishi stated that his partner, Isabella d'Amico, helped keep him calm and saved his life. He has since written about the fall and his recovery process on social media and in a blog.

Recognition, awards and honours
Kureishi was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours for services to Literature and Drama. In the same year, The Times included Kureishi in its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.

He has also won a number of literary awards, including:
 * 1980 Thames Television Playwright Award, The Mother Country
 * 1981 George Devine Award, Outskirts
 * 1986 New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay for My Beautiful Laundrette
 * 1986 Academy Award nomination for Best Screenplay for My Beautiful Laundrette
 * 1990 Whitbread First Novel Award, The Buddha of Suburbia
 * 2007 National Short Story Competition, shortlist for "Weddings and Beheadings"
 * 2010 PEN/Pinter Prize
 * 2013 Outstanding Achievement in the Arts at The Asian Awards

Novels

 * 1990 The Buddha of Suburbia, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1995 The Black Album, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1998 Intimacy, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2001 Gabriel's Gift, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2003 The Body, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2008 Something to Tell You, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2014 The Last Word, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2017 The Nothing, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2019 What Happened?, London: Faber and Faber

Story collections

 * 1997 Love in a Blue Time, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1999 Midnight All Day, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2019 "She Said, He Said", The New Yorker

Collection of stories and essays

 * 2011 Collected Essays, Faber and Faber
 * 2015 Love + Hate: Stories and Essays, Faber & Faber

Plays and screenplays

 * 1980 The King and Me, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1981 Outskirts, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1981 Borderline, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1983 Birds of Passage, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1988 Sammy and Rosie Get Laid, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1991 London Kills Me, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1996 My Beautiful Laundrette and other writings, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1997 My Son the Fanatic, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1999 Hanif Kureishi Plays One, London: Faber and Faber
 * 1999 Sleep with Me, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2002 Collected Screenplays Volume I, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2003 The Mother, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2004 When The Night Begins, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2007 Venus, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2009 The Black Album (adapted from the novel), London: Faber and Faber

Nonfiction

 * 2002 Dreaming and Scheming: Reflections on Writing and Politics
 * 2004 My Ear at His Heart, London: Faber and Faber
 * 2005 The Word and the Bomb , London: Faber and Faber
 * 2014 A Theft: My Con Man , London: Faber and Faber

As editor

 * 1995 The Faber Book of Pop. London: Faber and Faber

Filmography
Kureishi's films include:

Screenplays

 * 1985 My Beautiful Laundrette
 * 1987 Sammy and Rosie Get Laid
 * 1991 London Kills Me (and director)
 * 1993 The Buddha of Suburbia (television miniseries, based on the novel)
 * 1997 My Son the Fanatic (based on his own short story of the same title)
 * 1999 The Escort (with Michel Blanc)
 * 2003 The God of Small Tales (short) (with Akram Khan)
 * 2003 The Mother (adapted from the play)
 * 2006 Venus
 * 2007 Weddings and Beheadings (2007)
 * 2013 Le Week-End

Story basis only

 * 2001 Intimacy

Producer

 * 2006 Souvenir

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hanif Kureishi


text:
Mike Fisher (racing driver)

Michael Jeffry Fisher (born March 13, 1943, in Hollywood, California) is a former racecar driver from the United States. He participated in 2 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on August 27, 1967. He scored no championship points.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
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title: Mike Fisher (racing driver)


text: Category:Law enforcement in Ireland

title: Category:Law enforcement in Ireland


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Institute for International Research

Institute for International Research, Inc. (IIR) was a subsidiary of Informa Plc. It grew from its founding in 1973 to become one of the world's largest conference providers. It became part of the Informa Group in 2005.

In 2015, Informa rebranded its conference and training businesses, including IIR, KNect365.

Overview
The company was started by Irvine Laidlaw, Baron Laidlaw in 1973 and sold to Informa for a reported GBP 768 million in 2005. Irvine Laidlaw began IIR by producing newsletters out of a base in Hong Kong.

Operations
In 1989, IIR Inc. in the United States acquired institutions in order to enter the seminar and training business. Acquisitions included training organisers such as ESI International, Achieve Global Huthwaite followed by Omega Performance and Communispond. Debra Chipman is the current president and chief executive officer of the Institute for International Research, Inc, which operates as a subsidiary of IIR Ltd.

Many IIR conferences, workshops and training courses are conducted in Europe each year. These cover many topics including general management, finance, banking and energy. IIR has been active in Austria since 1992. Annual congresses held in Austria include Epcon"(energy), tel.con (telecommunications industry), Pulse (health), Course (banking sector) and the ÖVT (insurance industry). IIR has been operating in Germany since 1989 with 200 employees, 14 divisions and about 2000 events. Starting from 1999, Austria developed the CEE region for IIR, with offices in Poland (Warsaw), Czech Republic (Prague) and Hungary (Budapest).

IIR online regional sites include IIR Austria, IIR Australia IIR North America, IIR Middle East, IIR Telecoms and Informa plc.

title: Institute for International Research


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George Augustus Sala

George Augustus Henry Fairfield Sala (24 November 1828 – 8 December 1895) was an author and journalist who wrote extensively for the Illustrated London News as G. A. S. and was most famous for his articles and leaders for The Daily Telegraph. He founded his own periodical, Sala's Journal, and the Sydney Savage Club. The former was unsuccessful but the latter still continues.

Life
Sala was born on 24 November 1828 in London. His legal father Augustus John James Sala (1789–1829) being the son of an Italian who came to London to arrange ballets at the theatres. His natural father and godfather was Captain Charles "Henry" Fairfield, an acquaintance of his mother, Henrietta Catharina Simon (1789–1860), an actress and teacher of singing. She was the daughter of Catherina Cells, a former slave, and Demerara planter D. P. Simon. His great-grandmother was the Caribbean entrepreneur, Dorothy Thomas. He was at school at Paris from 1839 but his family returned to England due to the political unrest in the city. He learnt drawing in London, and in his earlier years he did odd-jobs in scene-painting (for John Medex Maddox at the Princess's Theatre, London) and book illustration. The connection of his mother and elder brother (Charles Kerrison Sala) with the theatre gave him useful introductions to authors and artists.

At an early date he tried his hand at writing, and in 1851 attracted the attention of Charles Dickens, who published articles and stories by him in Household Words and subsequently in All the Year Round, and in 1856 sent him to Russia as a special correspondent. About the same time he got to know Edmund Yates, with whom, in his earlier years, he was constantly connected in his journalistic ventures and also become a lifelong friend of the penny dreadful publisher Edwin Brett. In 1860, over his own initials "G.A.S.", he began writing "Echoes of the Week" for the Illustrated London News, and continued to do so until 1886, when they were continued in a syndicate of weekly newspapers almost to his death. William Makepeace Thackeray, when editor of the Cornhill, published articles by him on Hogarth in 1860, which were issued in column form in 1866; and in the former year he was given the editorship of Temple Bar, which he held until 1863.

Meanwhile, he had become in 1857 a contributor to The Daily Telegraph, and it was in this capacity that he did his most characteristic work, whether as a foreign correspondent in all parts of the world, or as a writer of "leaders" or special articles. His literary style, highly coloured and bombastic, gradually became associated by the public with their conception of the Daily Telegraph; and though the butt of the more scholarly literary world, his articles were invariably full of interesting matter and helped to make the reputation of the paper. He collected a large library and had an elaborate system of keeping common-place books, so that he could be turned on to write upon any conceivable subject with the certainty that he would bring into his article enough show or reality of special information to make it excellent reading for a not very critical public; and his extraordinary faculty for never saying the same thing twice in the same way had a sort of "sporting" interest even to those who were more particular. Also in 1857, Sala became one of the founders of the Sydney Savage Club, which still flourishes today.

He earned a large income from the Telegraph and other sources, but he never could keep his money. In 1879, Sala wrote a bawdy pantomime called Harlequin Prince Cherrytop, which subsequently was adapted as a monologue sometimes called The Sod's Opera and is often falsely attributed to Gilbert and Sullivan. Three years later, he published a pornographic novel of flagellation erotica entitled The Mysteries of Verbena House (under the pseudonym Etonensis) and a travelogue of North America. In 1892, when his popular reputation was at its height, he started a weekly paper called Sala's Journal, but it was a disastrous failure; and in 1895 he had to sell his library of 13,000 volumes. Lord Rosebery gave him a civil list pension of £100 a year, but he was a broken-down man, and he died at Brighton, England, on 8 December 1895.

Sala published many volumes of fiction, travels and essays, and he edited various other works, but his métier was that of ephemeral journalism; and his name goes down to posterity as perhaps the most popular and most voluble of the newspaper men of the period.

During a visit to Australia in 1885, Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne" to describe the booming city of Melbourne, a phrase which stuck with the locals and is still used to this day.

Mrs. George Augustus Sala died in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 31 December 1885, after a very brief illness. In 1890, Sala married a second wife, Bessie Stannard, who was the sister-in-law of writer John Strange Winter [Henrietta Vaughan Stannard].

Quotations
"In the course of life, it is by little acts of watchful kindness recurring daily and hourly, by words, tones, gestures, looks, that affection is won and preserved"

"A future is always a fairyland to the young."

"And for how long will a People suffer the mad tyranny of a Ruler, who outrages their Laws, who strangles their Liberties, who fleeces and squeezes and tramples upon them" (The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous).

"There is a mighty quantity of Sand and good store of Mud at Ostend, and a very comforting smell of fish." (The Strange Adventures of Captain Dangerous)

"Not only to say the right thing, at the right place, but far more difficult to leave unsaid, the wrong thing, at the tempting moment!"

"Melbourne the Marvellous" commonly misquoted or shortened today as "Marvellous Melbourne."

title: George Augustus Sala


text: Category:Law enforcement in Italy

title: Category:Law enforcement in Italy


text:
Mike Sparken

Mike Sparken is a pseudonym for Michel Poberejsky (born 16 June 1930 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine; died 21 September 2012). He was a racing driver from France. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, at the 1955 British Grand Prix on 16 July. He finished seventh albeit nine laps down and scored no championship points.

Sparken was better known as a sportscar driver and much of his success came in events in North Africa.

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title: Mike Sparken


text:
Chittaranjan Das

Chittaranjan Das (5 November 1870 – 16 June 1925), popularly called Deshbandhu (Friend of the Country or Nation), was an Indian freedom fighter, political activist and lawyer during the Indian Independence Movement and the Political Guru of Indian freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. He is the founder-leader of the Swaraj Party in undivided Bengal during the period of British Colonial rule in India. His name is abbreviated as C. R. Das. He was closely associated with a number of literary societies and wrote poems, apart from numerous articles and essays.

Early life
Chittaranjan Das was born on 5 November 1870 to a well-known Bengali Hindu Baidya Brahmin family in the village named Telirbagh, situated in present-day Tongibari Upazila of the Munshiganj (Bikrampur) district of Bangladesh.

Family
Das family were members of Brahmo Samaj. Chittaranjan was the son of Bhuban Mohan Das, and nephew of the Brahmo social reformer Durga Mohan Das. His father was a solicitor and a journalist who edited the English church weekly, The Brahmo Public Opinion. Some of his cousins were Atul Prasad Sen, Satya Ranjan Das, Satish Ranjan Das, Sudhi Ranjan Das, Sarala Roy and Lady Abala Bose. His eldest grandson was Siddhartha Shankar Ray and his grand daughter is Justice Manjula Bose.

He married Basanti Devi (1880–1974) and had three children, Aparna Devi (1898–1972), Chiraranjan Das (1899–1928) and Kalyani Devi (1902–1983).

Education

The Das family of Durga Mohan was a family of lawyers. Durga Mohan's eldest son Satya Ranjan matriculated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and was at Middle Temple during 1883–1886, followed by Chitta Ranjan Das, Durga Mohan's brother's son, during 1890–1894. Satish Ranjan Das (1891–1894), Jyotish Ranjan Das and Atul Prasad Sen (1892–1895) followed suit.

In London, Das befriended Sri Aurobindo Ghosh, Atul Prasad Sen, and Sarojini Naidu, among others, and together they promoted Dadabhai Naoroji in the British Parliament.

Law career
In 1894 Das gave up his law practice, and went into politics during the non-cooperation movement against the British colonial government. He again took up the brief, and successfully defended Aurobindo Ghosh on charges of involvement in the Alipore bomb case, in 1909. In his Uttarpara speech, Sri Aurobindo acknowledged that Das broke his health to save him.

In the Alipore bomb case in 1908, Chittaranjan Das as defence counsel for Sri Aurobindo Ghosh, made this closing statement:

"My appeal to you therefore is that a man like this who is being charged with the offences imputed to him stands not only before the bar in this Court but stands before the bar of the High Court of History and my appeal to you is this: That long after this controversy is hushed in silence, long after this turmoil, this agitation ceases, long after he is dead and gone, he will be looked upon as the poet of patriotism, as the prophet of nationalism and the lover of humanity. Long after he is dead and gone, his words will be echoed and re-echoed not only in India, but across distant seas and lands. Therefore I say that the man in his position is not only standing before the bar of this Court but before the bar of the High Court of History. The time has come for you, sir, to consider your judgment and for you, gentlemen, to consider your verdict."

Political career
Chittaranjan Das was actively involved in the activities of Anushilan Samiti. When Pramatha Mitter organised the Samiti as its president to produce hundreds of young firebrands who were ready to sacrifice their lives for the cause of the Nation, Chittaranjan became his associate. Anushilan Samiti was maintained by P. Mitter with the assistance of Chittaranjan Das (1894), Haridas Bose (1895), Suren Haldar (1900) and Manabendra Nath Roy (1901).

He was a leading figure in Bengal during the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1919–1922, and initiated the ban on British-made clothes, setting an example by burning his own European clothes and wearing Khadi clothes. He brought out a newspaper called Forward and later changed its name to Liberty as part of his support for various anti-British movements in India. When the Calcutta Municipal Corporation was formed, he became its first mayor.

He was a believer in non-violence and constitutional methods for the realisation of national independence, and advocated Hindu-Muslim unity, cooperation and communal harmony and championed the cause of national education. He resigned his presidency of the Indian National Congress at the Gaya session after losing a motion on "No Council Entry" to Gandhi's faction. He then founded the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party, with Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar and veteran Motilal Nehru. Other prominent leaders included Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Subhas Chandra Bose of Bengal, Vithalbhai Patel and other Congress leaders who were becoming dissatisfied with the Congress. In May 1923, at AICC meet in Bombay, Das was able to get majority support for his policy of council entry, with 96 members voting in favour, and 71 against.

Poet
Chittaranjan Das emerged as a distinguished Bengali poet, when, during the troubled days of National movement, he published the first two volumes of his collection of poems titled "Malancha" and "Mala". In 1913 he published "Sagar Sangeet" (The Songs of the Sea). Sri Aurobindo was in Pondichery and when he was in dire need of financial support. Chittaranjan offered him one thousand rupees as a token of his support for an English translation of the poem, a few verses of which are given below:

 Songs of the Sea I      O thou unhoped-for elusive wonder of the skies, Stand still one moment! I will lead thee and bind With music to the chambers of my mind. Behold how calm today this sea before me lies And quivering with what tremulous heart of dreams In the pale glimmer of the faint moonbeams. If thou at last art come indeed, O mystery, stay Woven by song into my heart-beats from this day.

Stand, goddess, yet! Into this anthem of the seas With the pure strain of my full voiceless heart Some rhythm of the rhythmless, some part Of thee I would weave today, with living harmonies Peopling the solitude I am within. Wilt thou not here abide on that vast scene, Thou whose vague raiment edged with dream haunts us and flees, Fulfilled in an eternal quiet like this sea’s? II         I lean to thee a listening ear And thy immense refrain I hear, O Ocean circled with the lights of morn. What word is it thou sing’st? what tune My heart is filled with, and it soon Must overflow? What mystical unborn Spirit is singing in thy white foam-caves? What voice turns heaven to music from thy waves? III Long gazing on this dawn and restless sea, My heart is moved with a strange minstrelsy. Tranquil and full and slow that music’s sound Or a chant pitiful, tender and profound. At times its passing fills my heart with tears. Maddened it runs and maddening him who hears. What spirit lives and laughs and weeps in thee? What thought is here that cries eternally? I know not, but a trembling sweet and strong Has taken my every limb touched by thy song, O infinite Voice, O Soul that callst to me, As I look on this luminous dawn and on the sea! ...

Chittaranjan started a monthly journal named Narayana, and many eminent writers such as Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Bipin Chandra Pal and Hariprasad Shastri contributed their writings in the journal.

Death
In 1925 Chittaranjan's health began to fail due to overwork. Chittaranjan went to Darjeeling to recuperate his health staying at Sir N. N. Sircar's house "Step Aside" in May 1925. Mahatma Gandhi visited him and stayed with him for some days. Gandhiji wrote, "When I left Darjeeling I left much more that I had ever thought before. There was no end of my affection for Deshbandhu and my warm feeling for such a great soul."

The funeral procession in Calcutta was led by Gandhi, who said:"Deshbandhu was one of the greatest of men... He dreamed... and talked of freedom of India and of nothing else... His heart knew no difference between Hindus and Muslims and I should like to tell Englishmen, too, that he bore no ill-will to them."

Legacy

 * Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute of Kolkata had its humble beginning in the year 1950 when the Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital was founded in the premises of Chittaranjan Seva Sadan. A few years before his death Chittaranjan gifted this property including his house and the adjoining lands to the nation to be used for the betterment of the lives of women.
 * Chittaranjan Avenue, the main thoroughfare of Kolkata connecting North Kolkata with Central Kolkata, it was formerly known as Central Avenue.
 * Chittaranjan, a town located in the Paschim Bardhaman district near Asansol. It is located at the border of Bengal and Jharkhand. It is famous for housing the legendary Chittaranjan Locomotive Works.
 * Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, the largest locomotive manufacturing unit in the whole world.
 * Chittaranjan College, a bachelor arts and science government college located in the historic College Street district of North Kolkata.
 * Chittaranjan Park, home to large Bengali community, originally EPDP Colony in South Delhi was named after Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das during 1980's
 * Deshbandhu College for Girls, a women's college on Rashbehari Avenue in South Kolkata, established in 1955 and affiliated to University of Calcutta, is named honouring his legacy.

title: Chittaranjan Das


text:
Mike Thackwell

Michael Christopher Thackwell (born 30 March 1961) is a former racing driver from New Zealand, who participated in a number of prominent racing categories, including Formula 1. The sixth youngest driver ever to qualify for a Grand Prix, he participated in five of them, making his first start on 28 September 1980 at the Canadian Grand Prix. He scored no championship points. He had previously attempted unsuccessfully to qualify for the Dutch Grand Prix which was held on 31 August 1980.

Thackwell has been described as a "teenage sensation", a "maverick" and as "something of a cult hero". Outside Formula One, he competed successfully in Formula Three, Formula Two, Formula 3000 and sports cars, amongst other categories.

In 1984, Thackwell won the European Formula Two Championship. He was runner up in that championship in 1983, and in its successor, the International Formula 3000 Championship, in 1985. In each case, he was driving a works Ralt. Also in 1986, he won the Pau Grand Prix, again in a works Ralt. Later in the year, he combined with Henri Pescarolo to win the 1000km Nürburgring sports car race, in a Sauber C8.

Early life
Thackwell was born into a motor racing family. For many years, his father, Ray, was a successful international speedway rider and racing driver. When Mike was six years old, his family emigrated from New Zealand to Perth, Western Australia, where he spent his formative years, and also began racing. Michael Thackwell has 4 siblings Joan Caccioppoli – Kerry John Thackwell – Lisa Brabham – Heidi Thackwell. Lisa is married to David Brabham.

Between 1972 and 1976, Thackwell attended Christ Church Grammar School, in Claremont, a suburb of Perth. By the time of his Formula One debut in 1980, he spoke with an Australian accent, and regarded himself as Australian, but he competed, and liked to be known, as a New Zealander.

For three years from the age of nine, Thackwell competed in motocross events on motorcycles supplied by his father, an importer of high performance racing and sports cars. He then switched to karts, winning the Western Australian championship at the age of 14. After also winning the Hong Kong Kart Grand Prix in 1975 and 1976, he moved to England. A friend of Ray's, who built Formula Ford race cars put Mike in touch with Mike Eastick Scorpion Racing Drivers School at Thruxton in Hampshire.

Starter formulae
In early 1978, Thackwell began his European career, in the Dunlop Star of Tomorrow Formula Ford championship, held in the United Kingdom. He campaigned with a Van Diemen-Scholar RF78, entered by the Rushen Green team. In a closely fought, 11-round series, he won five rounds, and made the podium on two other occasions, but finished only third in the championship, with 72 points, behind Canadian entrant Robert Zurrer (77 points) and British driver Terry Gray (76 points).

The following year, 1979, Thackwell moved up to the Vandervell British Formula 3 Championship, at the wheel of a March-Toyota 793, entered by the March works team. In a 19-race series, he managed five more wins and four other podium finishes, along with a pole position and a fastest lap. Once again, he finished the championship in third place, this time with 71 points, behind Chico Serra (103 points) and Andrea de Cesaris (90 points), but ahead of Stefan Johansson (fourth), Nigel Mansell (eighth), Alain Prost (equal 12th) and Thierry Boutsen (19th), all four of whom were later to have lengthy, and in most cases race-winning, Formula One careers.

Also in 1979, March entered Thackwell and the March 793 in two races of the FIA European Formula Three Championship. He achieved a win and a fastest lap, at Monza in the Gran Premio della Lotteria. In a championship won by Alain Prost, he also finished equal eighth overall, ahead of Boutsen (nine races), Arie Luyendyk (11 races), Serra (one race) and Philippe Streiff (five races) (equal thirteenth), and Jo Gartner (3 races; 21st). Thackwell and the March 793 also managed pole position and fastest lap in the non-championship RAC FOCA Trophy race at Donington Park, but finished only ninth.

For 1980, Thackwell decided to follow Serra and de Cesaris into Formula Two. However, before that he returned to New Zealand to race a Marlboro-backed works March 792 in Aurora AFX New Zealand International Formula Pacific series, alongside de Cesaris. The cars, modified F2 cars, were overweight and under performed.

His return to Europe saw him again driving a March. As early as round two at Hockenheim he was on the pace, setting fastest lap, a feat he would repeat in the following round on the 14.272 mile Nürburgring Nordschleife. However it was at Zandvoort that he marked himself as a genuine talent.

Formula One debut
In 1980, having tested for both Ensign and Tyrrell, Thackwell had been signed by Ken Tyrrell to be a test driver for the Tyrrell F1 team, alongside his F2 campaign. He was invited to the Dutch Grand Prix by Tyrrell as a spectator, both to learn about the track and the Tyrrell 010 when Arrows team boss Jackie Oliver approached him after the first unofficial practice session to ask if he'd like to drive the Arrows A3. Oliver's regular driver, Jochen Mass had been injured at the previous grand prix, but his car was at Zandvoort. Although the car was still set up for Mass, including his seat and pedal arrangement, Thackwell got permission to drive the car from Tyrrell and though he failed to qualify, eventually set a faster time than Keke Rosberg in the Fittipaldi.

He made his official debut a few weeks later, when Tyrrell made the third car available for him at the Canadian Grand Prix. Because he took part in this event, Thackwell was often listed as the youngest driver to start a Formula One race, but this claim is arguable. On the first lap of the race, Alan Jones and Nelson Piquet collided at the first turn and were subsequently hit by a number of other cars, including Jean-Pierre Jarier and Derek Daly, both driving Tyrrells. Thackwell negotiated his way through the carnage and returned to the start/finish line undamaged by which time, the race had been red flagged. As both Jarier's and Daly's cars were too badly damaged to repair quickly, Thackwell was instructed by Ken Tyrrell to give up his car for Jarier. Under Formula One regulations, when the race is stopped after less than two full laps, the original start is declared null and void and the race starts anew. If a driver cannot bring their car back to the second start, they have technically not taken part in the Grand Prix. Using these criteria, Ricardo Rodríguez remained the youngest race starter until Jaime Alguersuari broke the record at the 2009 Hungarian Grand Prix; a record that was subsequently broken by Max Verstappen in 2015.

Thackwell had another opportunity at the next race with Tyrrell, the United States Grand Prix. After he suffered a fractured brake disc during qualifying, he was unable to qualify to race at Watkins Glen.

Between Formula One
Thackwell's debut in a Tyrrell was unsuccessful; he returned to Formula Two in 1981. He was still considered to be one of stars of the future and was signed by Ralt to partner Geoff Lees. After winning the International Trophy at Silverstone, and a third place at Hockenheim, he suffered a massive testing accident driving the works Ralt-Honda at Thruxton that left him with a shattered heel and head injuries. According to Autosport he hit a bank head on and stopped from 140 mph to 0 mph in under 2 feet. Within weeks, although still on crutches, he completed the rest of the season and finished 6th in the Championship.

Unable to secure any works drive in 1982 owing to belief of team owners that he had still not recovered from his accident the previous year. With finance from family, friends and small sponsors, he managed to obtain a drive for the 1982 season in the small under-financed and privately run Horag Racing and Bertram Schäfer Racing Teams; he still managed two top three results at Pau and Spa-Francorchamps.

He rejoined the works Ralt team for 1983, coming second in that year's F2 championship to Jonathan Palmer, after a win at Jarama with another eight visits to the podium. The following season he remained at Ralt, and despite having Roberto Moreno as teammate Thackwell went one better, dominating the championship, taking the title on the back of seven victories out of eleven races, including another success in the International Trophy race at Silverstone. By the end of the season he had taken another six pole positions and nine fastest laps. He led a total of 408 of the 580 laps.

Return to Formula One
Suddenly in the middle of his season of dominance, Thackwell was back in demand again. However, this only amounted to two more fill-in one-off drives, the last of his career in F1.

For the Canadian Grand Prix, he replaced Palmer at the RAM team. He duly qualified in 25th place, one place higher than teammate Philippe Alliot, faster by 1.556 seconds. His race lasted until lap 30, when a broken turbo wastegate forced him into retirement. Palmer would reclaim his seat for the next race. Tyrrell wanted him to race in Germany, as Stefan Bellof was unavailable. Once again Thackwell failed to qualify for the German Grand Prix by just 0.055secs. He also tested for Williams during the season.

After Formula One
The opportunity to sample other racing categories arose. He drove in two World Endurance Championship races, coming 21st at the Nürburgring 1000km for Obermaier Racing in their Porsche 956 and finishing 5th in the 956 of Kremer Racing at the Fuji 1000km. Thackwell finished the 1984 season in CART for Penske Racing, in their Pennzoil March 84C, after foot injuries at Sanair during practice for the Molson 300 sidelined Penske ace Rick Mears. While not scoring any points in his two races, unlike Johnny Rutherford, who raced the first two races of Mears' eventual year and a half recovery as a substitute, the #6 team finished third overall in the 1984 season.

Unable to get a decent drive in F1 and CART, he turned his back on them and raced in the F2 replacement series, the Formula 3000. He won the first round at Silverstone and in the process, won his third International Trophy race. He added two victories before finishing runner-up to Christian Danner. Meanwhile, he also raced four times for the TWR Jaguar team, rounding his season off with a second place at the Shah Alam circuit, partnered by John Nielsen.

In 1986 he continued to win in F3000, both in Europe and Japan, and scored Mercedes-Benz's first modern racing success when he shared a Sauber with Henri Pescarolo to win the Nürburgring 1000km.

During the European winter of 1987, Thackwell returned to New Zealand to race in Formula Pacific. He won the first three rounds of the MANZ Formula Pacific International Championship, going on to take the title. He concentrated on sports car racing with the Kouros Racing Team in their Sauber C9 in 1987, only to receive yet more disappointment. His only podium finish in the World Endurance series came after he quit and took a drive with Britten Lloyd Racing in their Porsche 962GTi, this time partnering Mauro Baldi.

In 1988 he had a one-off F3000 drive for the works Ralt outfit at Pau. However, having become disillusioned with motorsport, he turned his back on it at the end of 1988.

In the years following his withdrawal from motorsport, he worked, among other occupations, as a helicopter pilot in the North Sea for British International Helicopters, a gold miner in the North-West of Western Australia and as a teacher in England. He is widely felt to have been one of the great 'lost talents' – a driver in the wrong place at the wrong time. According to the English magazine Motorsport Thackwell now lives on the South Coast of England, where he spends his free time surfing summer and winter when waves allow.

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title: Mike Thackwell


text:
Mike Wilds

William Michael Wilds (born 7 January 1946) is a British racing driver from England. He participated in eight Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 20 July 1974. He scored no championship points.

Career
After winning a few races in Formula 3 in the early 1970s, Wilds moved on to Formula 5000. At the same time, he took part in a few Formula One Grands Prix, firstly with a non-works March, then with Ensign and BRM. After he failed to qualify at his home Grand Prix in 1976, with a privately run Shadow, he concentrated on other forms of motor sport, including sports car racing and historic racing.

In an interview with Wilds, published on YouTube, he described one of the highlights of his short-lived Formula One career, at the 1974 United States Grand Prix after qualifying, Tyrrell founder Ken Tyrrell walked up to him, telling Wilds that Jody Scheckter wanted to speak to him. Wilds had gone out in qualifying just ahead of Jody, assuming he was going too slow for the Tyrrell. Upon approaching Scheckter, Wilds thought he would be told he was slow. When the South African driver approached him, Wilds raised his voice to him, thinking he would be complained at. After this, Scheckter complemented Wilds' control and handling of the old Ensign N174.

Wilds won the Formula Two class in the 1978 Aurora AFX championship, driving a Ralt and finished ninth in the overall standings. He also won the Thoroughbred Sports Cars championship in 1984 driving an Aston Martin DB4.

Wilds won the RJB Mining Historic Sports Car Championship in 1992, '93, '96 and 98.

Wilds' sports car racing career included driving at Le Mans 8 times, including C2 cars for Ecurie Ecosse (World Champion C2, 1986), and Group C for Nissan in 1988 with team-mate Win Percy.

Wilds won the 2008 Britcar Drivers Championship together with Ian Lawson and Mike's son Anthony Wilds in the ING Sport BMW; the team also went on to win again in 2013 and also won the 2008 Group C Enduro Trophy in the Porsche 962 with Henry Pearman.

He still occasionally drives in events for historic cars. He raced a Porsche 962 and an Elva Mk5 in the 2008 Silverstone Classic. He returned to the Britcar Endurance grid in May 2016 posting his first win as a shared drive with son Anthony in a Ferrari 458.

At the age of 72 Wilds is set to make his debut in the Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain series with the Redline Racing team at Brands Hatch.

In addition to his car racing career, Wilds is an active commercial helicopter pilot and instructor. He is affectionately known as 'The Honorific' Mike Wilds.

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‡ Endurance driver.

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 * Footnotes:

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title: Mike Wilds


text:
Moisés Solana

Moisés Solana Arciniega (26 December 1935 – 27 July 1969) was a Mexican racing driver. He participated in eight Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 27 October 1963, and scoring no championship points. He also participated in one non-championship Formula One race. He also took part in Formula Two in with Team Lotus at the Jarama Circuit near Madrid, Spain. His first racing events were in a 1954 special (the "Solana Sports"), built by Javier Solana. Solana was also a proficient Jai alai player and his racing career was partly funded by this.

In 1968, Solana tested a Formula Two car for Ferrari. He also drove for Lola and McLaren in the USRRC/Can-Am series between 1966 and 1968, and in March 1968 he won the first point-scoring race of the USRRC Group 7 series in the first international race in Mexico City. He still holds all the records in the Mexican road race categories and those at the Mexican Magdalena Mixhuca circuit.

He was the only driver in the history of the Formula One World Championship to start a race in a number 13 car (Divina Galica, in the 1976 British Grand Prix, also attempted a race with the number, but failed to qualify), something he did for BRM on his Formula One debut in the 1963 Mexican Grand Prix until Pastor Maldonado adopted 13 as his permanent number in 2014. Solana was a classified finisher in 11th despite his engine having failed eight laps short of the chequered flag.

On 27 July 1969, Solana was killed in the Hillclimb Valle de Bravo-Bosencheve in Mexico, in a fatal accident after his McLaren went wide in a bend and hit a concrete trimming on the edge of the road, overturning the car which landed on top of him and caught fire. The Solana family is still very active in motor racing and has manufactured handmade sports cars on a mostly one-off basis.

The first chicane at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in Mexico City (turns 1–3) is known as the Ese Moisés Solana ("the Moisés Solana Esses").

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title: Moisés Solana


text:
Nasif Estéfano

Nasif Moisés Estéfano (18 November 1932 – 21 October 1973) was a racing driver from Argentina with Lebanese ancestry. He participated in two World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 7 February 1960, but scored no championship points. He entered the 1962 Italian Grand Prix but failed to qualify. He was born in Concepción, Tucumán.

He died while driving in a local race in Aimogasta, La Rioja, on 21 October 1973. His car suffered a mechanical failure on a fast curve, which caused the car to somersault a number of times. Estéfano was ejected from the car due to a fault with the safety belts, and was killed almost instantly due to head injuries.

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title: Nasif Estéfano


text:
Nello Pagani

Cirillo Pagani (11 October 1911 – 19 October 2003), nicknamed "Nello", was an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and Formula One driver. He was born in Milan, Lombardy, and died in Bresso.

He was known for his long career, spanning from 1928 to 1955, and for becoming the first 125cc World Champion in the inaugural 1949 campaign. He almost became a double Champion in that first year of the World Championship series. In the 500cc class he was officially runner-up. The series was run over six rounds with a rider's best three scores counting towards the championship. Englishman Les Graham on an AJS was Pagani's main rival. Although Pagani scored more overall points than Graham, he lost the championship with two wins and a third place as his scores that counted, whilst Graham had two wins and a second.

Pagani's car racing exploits resulted in wins at the Pau Grand Prix in 1947 and 1948, before his single Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 4 June 1950, in the 1950 Swiss Grand Prix at Bremgarten. He finished seventh and scored no championship points. He also finished fourth in the Modena Grand Prix that year, driving a Simca-Gordini.

In 1952 Pagani finished second in class in the Mille Miglia, driving an OSCA but was more involved with motorcycle racing and became the manager of the MV Agusta team.

He was the father of Alberto Pagani, who was also a racing motorcyclist.

Motorcycle Grand Prix results
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title: Nello Pagani


text:
Nicolas Kiesa

Nicolas Kiesa (born 3 March 1978) is a Danish former racing driver of Italian descent. He participated in five Formula One Grands Prix in the 2003 season, scoring no championship points.

Previously, he had won the 2003 Formula 3000 race at Monaco, when Björn Wirdheim slowed on the last lap on the front straight to greet his team.

He returned to Formula One in 2005, replacing Robert Doornbos as Jordan's third driver for the German Grand Prix and for the rest of the season.

Formula One
Kiesa drove for the Minardi team for five races in 2003, taking the seat vacated after Justin Wilson moved to Jaguar. He made his debut in the German Grand Prix at Hockenheim, which he finished in 12th position. Kiesa finished all five races, his best result being 11th in the USA Grand Prix at Indianapolis, but did not outqualify his teammate Jos Verstappen at any race.

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title: Nicolas Kiesa


text:
Talk:Dreamachine

Gysin/Sommerville
I don't think Brion Gysin was either Canadian or Muslim and I haven't seen any evidence that Ian Sommerville was a mathematician, so I've removed those adjectives from the first sentence... they might well be vandalism. Nick 12:00, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Nick, thanks for your efforts in trying to verify the information on the page. However, I don't think the original author was vandalizing the article.  According to biographical information on the net, Gysin was "English by birth and Canadian by upbringing".  His Swiss father migrated to Edmonton, Alberta.  Gysin appears to have gone back and forth between the States and Canada, although he finished public school in Alberta and lived there until he was 15.  Gysin spent some time in Tangier, Morocco, and was heavily influenced by the Islamic culture  there. The Dreamachine is based upon an Islamic design, and his recordings of Sufi trance music and his cut-up poems are as well.  I'm going to try and collect some more information when I have time.  Most of the information on the net states that  Ian Sommerville was a mathematician, and I wonder if this is the same person that is currently a professor in computer science, possibly in the U.K.  --Viriditas  | Talk 07:00, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Wow! Sorry, it looks like I was catastrophically wrong... check out  for Gysin - confirms the Canadian reference ("school in Canada").  For Sommerville you're right, the majority of websites refer to him as a Mathematician, I can't find anything solid though.  I'm sure you're right that the group were influenced by Islamic culture in Tangier but I wonder if we can say that the Dreamachine was actually based on an Islamic design?  In any case, sorry for deleting based on my recollections of Burroughs rather than checking first... Nick 09:53, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Aloha. Upon further examination, it appears to be true that Gysin was not a muslim.  In an interview, he states:  never was much immersed truly into Islam, or I would've become a Moslem, and probably still be there...uh, it was most particularly the music that interested me. .  I'm still looking for information on Sommerville.  Gysin (and many others) refer to Sommerville's computer program, so I am fairly certain this is him.  Gysin's dreamachine design incorporated sufic geometry, so claiming it is based on an Islamic design is accurate.  There was an extensive web page that outlined the history of the dreamachine along with photos of the geometry in question, but the site has completely disappeared.  I suspect there was some kind of copyright violation.  --Viriditas  | Talk 09:52, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Hello. Ian Sommerville died about 20(?) years ago. I got this info via a friend that got it via another person... so i haven't any details. The informations you can find on the web are about another person with the same name. When i'll get something more precise, i'll post here. -- a. 217.11.33.254
 * Aloha. Thanks for your comment, but unfortunately, FOAF data doesn't hold much weight here.  :-(  If you can find any type of source for this claim (either online or off) please let us know.  Thanks in advance for trying to research this topic.  Your help is certainly appreciated.  --Viriditas  | Talk 07:21, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * re-hello. found this interview to a.mckenzie, where he says that sommerville died in a car accident... http://www.brainwashed.com/h3o/option.html // the discussion is not really centered on sommerville, and the fact comes out as a detail... maybe from here we can find more? hope so. -- a. 19:01, 30 Mar 2005 GMT+2
 * Thanks for the link. I am trying to confirm the veracity of this information. --Viriditas  | Talk 11:38, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Since I couldn't confirm anything, is it safe to assume he's dead? --Viriditas 13:12, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * john geiger states (in chapel of extreme experience, page 90) "in 1976, ian sommerville was fatally injured in a moto vehicle accident near bath, england, at age thirty-six"
 * Thanks, that gives me something to go on. Sorry to hear about Ian, though. --Viriditas 11:09, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Photos
Hi, Just added a photo at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dreamachine1.jpg with sime comments and links. More dreamachine photos on line at : http://www.inter-zone.org/catal1.html http://www.inter-zone.org/dm.html http://www.interpc.fr/mapage/westernlands/ http://www.inter-zone.org/dmclass.html

Isabelle Baudron-Aubert baudron@interpc.fr

Oh, um, hey, I'm not too good at this sort of thing, but I put a picture on Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Scan0023.jpg, and I don't know how to put it with the other dream machine pictures. I was hoping someone with perhaps more, er, prowess could help me out. 'Ppreciate it.

But does it work?
The article mentions that it 'claims' to induce lucid dreaming but doesn't really mention whether people actually find success with it or not. Some more information here would be nice -Averisk 11:05, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I've added it to the task list. --Viriditas 13:11, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * are you asking if the dreamachine 'works' (= does 'something') or do you want to know specifically if the dreamachine can 'induce lucid dreaming' ? effects of flicker have been scientifically studied and documented: there are many writings about (grey walters for example - also quoted by john geiger, whose book 'chapel of extreme experience' is easily available). --7Hz, 5 January 2006
 * I was just curious what the actual documented effects of it were, whether that be lucid dreaming, relaxation, or whatever. I don't really care what the makers claim that it does. It sounds like you know a thing or two about that, maybe you could add something... Anyway, just a suggestion. Averisk 19:22, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
 * well, what i know about the effects is because i'm a dreamachine user - if you are not affected with epilepsy i suggest you to try. it's the best way to understand what it can do. otherwise if you are looking for 'scientifical' accounts (eg. about psychophysical effects), the reports i was referring to are actually research documents/reports g. walters made while studiyng the effects of flicker (he did use a stroboscopic device with flashing lightbulbs). this was prior to gysin's 'invention'...his book (grey walters) 'the living brain' is no longer printed but should be available used, even via amazon. HTH. --7Hz, 11 January 2006
 * Are there any lingering affects afterwards? The article says the effects stop after you open your eyes; is there any lag? --24.252.147.48 03:11, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

 * hello. please note: the dreamachine effect has nothing to do with feeling like you have taken drugs. and if you don't feel anything, well no one states it will work for everyone. personally i find the experience very pleasant and not boring at all. it is not the same thing as dreaming, but i have impressive visions and physical sensations. as for the comment about money given back, where did you buy your dreamachine, and what happened? why didn't you build it yourself? --7Hz 7 july 2006 (sorry i couldn't log-in...)
 * yes a strobe light flashing at the proper frequency will do it. has a strobe light worked for you? have you tried the dreamachine with a lightbulb stronger than 60watts? do you have a 78rpm or 45rpm dreamachine, and with how many holes in each row? --7Hz 14 july 2006

It does not matter about the spacing of the holes, it won’t work. There are free plans you can download right from the web. I once had some notes from a class on why a strobe light works, but I can’t find that information online, and I no longer have the notes. I believe either the light itself from a light bulb is wrong, or the timing is wrong or both.--Robert551 04:28, 14 July 2006 (UTC) I have done further research and I have found that flickering which is more random such as sunlight coming into the window of an indoor pool. When the sun reflects upon the water that is being splashed about by swimmers there is more of an hypnotic effect, then with the dream machine because the flickering is too regular and not random enough to produce interesting dancing shapes of light behind one's closed eyes. Brion gysin original found that looking out the window of a bus as the sunlight flickered off and on from behind things like trees? That flicking is what inspired him to create a machine that could attempt to replicate the same experiences. But, I could be that sunlight coming through windows are the best possible experiences and not a machine with a light bulb. Robert551 (talk) 05:45, 10 October 2016 (UTC)

 * i was not referring to the spacing of the holes, but about how many holes in a row. anyway. i don't see how a lightbulb differs from a strobe - a strobe can be made with a flickering lightbulb. a "strobe" will produce the "dreamachine effect" if it pulses at a frequency below 30 Hertz (cicles per second). Grey Walter wrote about this in 1946. there are many papers on brainwaves, the EEG, FFR, a good number available on the internet. you keep saying it doesn't work, maybe you should add for me.

I would be willing to change my statement to the dreamachine does not work for me or for many other people. I found it boring, and the flicking was too regular to be interesting. I am sure they are some people who find it relaxing, but it does not create an altered state by itself. One would have to consecrate and mediate which can be done with or without a dreammachine to reach an altered state of consciousness. It does not automatically induce such a state as the name "Machine" implies. Robert551 (talk) 05:45, 10 October 2016 (UTC)

I tried the online version in this article and I felt a bit of how I feel when I'm entering a lucid dream. What some people describe as nausea is actually the loss of the sense of your body. When you are asleep you do not feel your body, and thus you feel as if you are floating. This floating sensation gives way to a spinning feeling, what I like to think of as a paranoia, "if you cannot feel yourself how do you know you are not spinning?!" is a nice way to explain it. So you ask, "does it work"? my answer is "it can." Just have to be open-minded and know what is going on in your head somewhat. --Rewen 09:28, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

When i was 17 years old .Resting before a baseball game in our livingroom floor with the sun at about a 45 degree angle from my eyes,shineing through the window I streched my arms out in front of my face and over my head.I noticed the flicker of light when my hands blocked the sun from my eyes was ,cool.I decided to move them back and forth quickly and see what happend. Patterns and colors of some specific geometry danced on the back of my eyelids .I couldnt do that all day ,my arms got tired and i had a baseball gaME to play.It was very relaxing ,and the longer i did it the more vivid the patterns became.Also ive notice when rideing as a passenger on a vehicle alongside some trees with the sun behind them ,where repetidly it peaks through ,face the sun and close your eyes enjoy the ride. I dont have a dreamachine ,but i want one .Those experiences tell me there is much more to behold. aj242008@yahoo.com ,Username -waydeep thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by Waydeep (talk • contribs) 15:20, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

Portable flicker machines
could someone please explain what are these? are you referring to so-called 'brainmachines' (these glasses with flickering LEDs). and also what means 'air-propelled viewmaster type' ? thank you. --7Hz, 11 January 2006
 * Hi. I was not describing a "brainmachine", however they may fit into this category.  The portable flicker machine that I was referring to is similar to the View-Master system: you hold the device up to your eyes in broad daylight, using the sun as a light source.  There's a hole where you blow air into the device, which spins a flicker disk over your closed eyelids. —Viriditas | Talk 14:33, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Edits by Riefenstahl / 84.191.xxx.xxx
Reverting to a version from 19 September 2005 is not helpful. Please do not do that. Discuss any changes here, please. —Viriditas | Talk 01:50, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

frequency
I've read a lot about the dream machine, but have seen different info about at what frequency the flashing will create the desired effect. Most sources seem to say about 20 flashes per second (different from this article). Sources usually claim that this stmulates or matches "your brain waves." But WHICH brain waves? The conclusions are wildly different. I would love to see some more precise info.Flange P. Vibrator 21:33, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
 * You may want to check The Third Mind by Gysin and Burroughs. (I do not have my copy at hand, though). In an interview with Gysin, he talks about Burroughs giving him Grey Walter's book The Living Brain after the famous "bus episode". In that book, Walter (a neurologist) talks about the Alpha Waves frequency band, situated more or less between 7 to 13 pulses per second (or Hertz). Walter was a pioneer in electroencephalograpy, and in his experiments he tested stroboscopic light, flashing at different frequecies in front of various subjects (testers) with their eyes closed. He noticed that the external stimulus (the flicker) affected the electrical activity of the brain, making it shift towards the frequency of the flashes. If i understand, this is what is called "frequency-followwing response" and/or "evoked potential". Walters also noticed that the brain produces vivid and bright images, patters, forms etc when its electrical frequency is situated around 7-13 Hertz. Gysin read that on The Living Brain and managed with Ian Sommerville to build a setup that may create the same effect. Alpha waves have been discovered by Hans Berger. The article at, says alpha waves are "electromagnetic oscillations", but it is not correct, because the signals recorded with an EEG machine are just electrical potentials and measured in Volts.
 * Here are some sources and links:

 * the "bus episode":
 * "Had a transcendental storm of colour visions today in the bus going to Marseilles. We ran though a long avenue of trees and I close my eyes against the setting sun. An overwhelming flood of intensely bright colours exploded behind my eyelids: a multi-dimensional kaleidoscope whirling out through space. I was swept out of time. I was out in a world of infinite number. The vision stopped abruptly as we left the trees. Was that a vision? What happened to me?" -extract from the diary of Brion Gysin 21/12/1958 - from "dreamachine plans - created by brion gysin", temple press

 * "Brain waves, minute electrical oscillations associated with brain activity, can be measured accurately and graphically by the electroencephalograph (EEG) machine. EEG records show that brain rhythms divide into two groups according to frequency. One of these groups, the alpha or scanning rhythms, is strongest when the brain is unoccupied, searching for a pattern, and weakest during purposeful thinking, eyes open studying a pattern. The strength type of rhythms vary between individuals. The EEG records of some primitive peoples are similar to those of a ten year old in our society. Variations occur with age. The alpha rhythms do not appear in children until they are about four years old." - Ian Sommerville, 'Flicker' - from "dreamachine plans - created by brion gysin", temple press

 * - Grey Walter's biography

 * - about electroencephalography and frequencies

 * RE/Search #4/5, (RE/Search Publications)

 * Dreamachine plans - created by Brion Gysin, (temple press)

 * Gysin & Burroughs, The Third Mind
 * Elamita 00:35, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Vendors
Sites that sell these also offer a lot of other devices with extraordinary claims, such as a "Wishing Machine." Maybe the purpose is to put more hope in a different device if just buying the Dreamachine doesn't work.

Patent
According to Flickers of the Dreamachine, Gysin received the patent number PV86828 on July 18, 1961. According to this webpage, the patent number is P.V.868,281. I searched both numbers on http://www.uspto.gov/, but none of these two numbers seems to be correct. Elamita

"authorized" seller(s)
someone wrote on the to-do list that mr. woodard is the "sole Burroughs authorized Dreamachine" maker... to my modest knowledge, this is untrue. i do not want to minimize mr. woodard activity, just say i think there is no such thing as an "authorized" dreamachine maker: 1, the dreamachine has been patented by Gysin around 1961. the patent number is cited in two published books, but i've been unable to find them on the US patents website (see section above). it is unclear at least for me, if this patent is still valid. 2, around 1974 gysin sold(or gave?) his plans to art dealer carl laszlo to commercialize the dreamachine, but laszlo built only 20 of them for some art galleries. this is stated for example in a gysin biography by ramuncho matta, a close gysin late-collaborator. 3, around 1984 gysin collaborated with genesis p-orridge and andrew mckenzie to the first commercially available dreamachine. as both artists (p-orridge & mckenzie) are still active, someone should contact them to investigate further. 3, french-based artists étant-donnés have stated in some interviews that gysin gave them personally a copy of his plans and considered them as sort-of "heirs". again, they should be contacted and asked for details. my two cents. Elamita 14:18, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

hello. later this year, a definitive edition/re-release of "the hafler trio and thee temple ov psychick youth present brion gysin's dreamachine", complete with plastic dreamachine to the precise specifications approved by Gysin before his death and DVD of archive footage and documentary, will be published by Soleilmoon. many of the questions raised here will hopefully be answered there. it would be nice if you could provide in your references some mention that we originally released a dreammachine kit, book, LP and CD on KK Records, Belgium, in 1989, as well as a video. there was also a performance that was the world's first exposition of the dreamachine with sound material designed to give similar effects as with the visual. here are some links: http://www.brainwashed.com/h3o/dreamachine/ and http://www.brainwashed.com/h3o/dream.html. many of the questions posed here on this page are answered in those links and the links they in turn lead to. regards, --andrew m.mckenzie 213.35.235.249 20:09, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Gareth Spor
It appears Gareth Spor has added information about himseld and his "updated" Dreamachine to this page. I suggest his contribution to be deleted, as it is more advertisement for Gareth than information contributing to the subject. Opinions? --Qmwpeto (talk) 09:37, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I removed it pending WP:RS. Viriditas (talk) 10:49, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I just deleted the picture of his machine as well from the "Images" section - not relevant without the text. --Qmwpeto (talk) 13:06, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I don't have a problem with the image if it is appropriately licensed. Viriditas (talk) 19:29, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Pattern Induced Flicker Colors
Should there be a mention of Fechner Color (Pattern Induced Flicker Colors):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fechner_color

Is there any relationship between a Dream-Machine and Benham's Top?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benham%27s_top

32.97.110.142 (talk) 17:58, 24 September 2008 (UTC)Dave

 * IMHO yes, this should be mentioned in some way. At least in the "see also" section. Aynway, the relation I see is that you have a monochrome device with a white light that produces all the colors of the visible spectrum. Elamita (talk) 15:47, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

"Scientist" Sommerville
I reworded the description of Sommerville as a "scientist" from the lead, since the supporting reference "Everything is Permuted -- Inside Out: The Mysticism of dreamachines" merely says
 * The dreamachine was a collaborative creation between Brion Gysin and Ian Sommerville, the classical collision and collusion of the artist and the scientist.

which to any reasonable reader means no more than "they collaborated on it, Gysin from the artistic side and Sommerville from the scientific". Everything in our coverage suggests Sommerville had a technical background, e.g. enuf to see what math to do in choosing the record-player speed, enuf to write a program to manipulate text using a cookbook random-number-generator, enuf to understand the specs on high-end recording equipment and perform (or oversee) maintenance on it. If he had a B.S. degree in math, that would probably make him a mathematician (B.A. maybe not, M.S. pretty surely), but not a scientist. There is no reason to believe he was a scientist. --Jerzy•t 05:49, 9 February 2009 (UTC)
 * In fact, he was born in 1939 or '40, so he was between 20 and 22 when he did the Dm in '61. Tho he probably was not in the original 1957 contingent of the Beat Hotel folks, there's no reason to assume he was even 18 before joining them (and presumably having ended his education). If he had a degree, it was probably bcz he was a f'g genius who finished college when his peers were finishing high school. Maybe so, and maybe it was getting saturated with drugs that kept him from ever becoming notable except as a hanger-on. If so, find real sources, desperately needed in this case where "inventing" an only vaguely defined, let alone demonstrably effective, application for a technology that comes from the 19th century is being inferred from poetic PR.  --Jerzy•t 07:23, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Hello. Sommerville was in Paris in 1959, and he was living at the Beat Hotel. http://www.topfoto.co.uk/gallery/beathotel/ has photos of Sommerville in said Hotel. Cf. also John Geiger books. Regards, Elamita (talk) 15:51, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

photo caption
What does "homemade version semi-off" mean? Шизомби (talk) 16:27, 7 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I'll fix it. The original author mean to write, "not spinning, lit internally".  I'm changing it now, as I just saw this. Viriditas (talk) 04:18, 15 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dreamachine


text:
Nino Vaccarella

Nino Vaccarella (4 March 1933 – 23 September 2021) was an Italian sports car racing and Formula One driver.

His principal achievements include having won the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans, and the Targa Florio in 1965, 1971 and 1975, the latter year when it no longer was a World Sportscar Championship event.

Sports car career
Sicily-born Vaccarella was well known for being a Targa Florio specialist. According to Vic Elford "he knew the roads on Sicily like the back of his hand". His first Targa was in 1959 in a privately entered Maserati, the car finished 10th. The following year he was teamed with Umberto Maglioli for the 1960 Targa Florio in a birdcage Maserati, which was owned by the Camoradi team. Maglioli had previously won the race twice; Vaccarella was a schoolteacher in Palermo with a great passion for motorsport. They took the lead in the early afternoon on 8 May and maintained it for three laps until the car broke down. The event was won by Joakim Bonnier and Hans Herrmann in a small silver Porsche.

His participation in this race kickstarted Vaccarella's racing career. He finished 2nd at the 12 Hours of Sebring in the United States, but during the 1963 Nurburgring 1000km, during practice he crashed a brand-new works-entered Ferrari 250P, and broke his arm and was soaked in fuel. He came back to the race a year later to win it with Ludovico Scarfiotti, driving for the factory. He then found even greater success by winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans with Jean Guichet, reaching the pinnacle of sports car racing.

Vaccarella was paired with Lorenzo Bandini in the 1965 Targa Florio when they won with an average speed of 63.7 miles per hour, finishing in 7 hours and 1 minute. 12.4 seconds. In 1966 Vaccarella and Bandini led most of the race until their Ferrari 330 ran off the track after seven laps and was too damaged to continue. While waving his hand to acknowledge the crowd, Vaccarella made eye contact with a retaining wall that carried the inscription Viva Nino. Maglioli and Vaccarella drove a Ford GT-40 to fifth place in the 1967 12 Hours of Sebring.

The 8 May 1968 edition of Giornale Di Sicilia proclaimed in its headline, Only Vaccarella Can Bring Off The Miracle. The meaning had to do with the Sicilian driver's great task of gaining victory in the Targa Florio in his 2.5-litre Alfa Romeo, called the Tipo 33. He was up against four German competitors who were driving Porsche 910 models. The Porsches had recently swept the endurance races at Daytona and Sebring. Few experts gave the four Alfa Romeos much of a chance against the flawless Porsches, but Sicilians were trusting the skill of Vaccarella's driving. Vaccarella also found more success by winning the Mugello Grand Prix on a 38-mile street circuit similar to the Targa in July of that year. Vaccarella qualified eighth for the 1970 24 Hours of Daytona in a Ferrari 512S, and he won Sebring that year after Mario Andretti was put into Vaccarella and Ignazio Giunti's car and put in a stupendous drive to win. He also drove the big V12-powered Ferrari 512S in a heroic yet ultimately losing effort in 1970, damaging the car in the final stages. This was one of a series of 11 endurance events held in Europe and North America for the 1970 world manufacturers championship.

Vaccarella and Toine Hezemans won the 1971 Targa Florio in an Alfa Romeo. They crossed the finish line over a minute ahead of Andrea de Adamich and Gijs van Lennep, who also drove an Alfa Romeo. This race ended the dominance of Porsche, which had finished first in the previous five Targa Florio races. Vaccarella competed in the 1972 12 Hours of Sebring in one of four Alfa Romeo 33/3TT's to be entered in the event. His driving partner was Nanni Galli. They qualified fifth after another Alfa Romeo of Rolf Stommelen and Peter Revson, who started third.

Vaccarella would win the Targa Florio one more time, in 1975 driving an Alfa Romeo 33TT12- the Targa was no longer part of the World Championship but was an Italian national event. After this, Vaccarella retired from racing. His son Giovanni had been born in 1972 and he wanted to be alive to raise his son in this very dangerous era of motor racing. In a later interview, although he was known as a Targa Florio specialist Vaccarella admitted that he preferred fast circuits like Le Mans, Monza and Spa over slow circuits the Targa, Monaco and the Nürburgring. He also admitted in this interview that Le Mans was his favorite circuit.

Formula One
Vacarella was selected for the 1962 Ferrari Formula One race team by Enzo Ferrari. He was joined by John Surtees, Mike Parkes, Willy Mairesse, Lorenzo Bandini, and Ludovico Scarfiotti. He participated in five World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 10 September 1961. He scored no championship points. He also participated in several non-Championship Formula One races.

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title: Nino Vaccarella


text:
Norberto Fontana

Norberto Edgardo Fontana (born 20 January 1975) is an Argentine racing driver. He participated in four Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 29 June 1997 but scoring no championship points.

His opportunity to race came as a result of two separate injuries sustained by regular Sauber driver Gianni Morbidelli during the 1997 season. During the 1997 European Grand Prix, Fontana had gained attention for apparently blocking Jacques Villeneuve to let rival Michael Schumacher pull away from the Canadian. He attempted to enter with the Tyrrell team for 1998 but was dropped in favour for Brazilian Ricardo Rosset and with Minardi for 2000. In between his time in F1, Fontana raced in Formula Nippon. In 2010 he won the Konex Award as one of the five best Racing Drivers of the last decade in Argentina.

Early career
Fontana was born in Arrecifies, Buenos Aires as the son of Hector and Clara Fontana. He started racing at the age of 8 at the Summer Night Championship in Lujan. In 1989, he began a full season of karting and finished 2nd in the Youth Kart Championship of Buenos Aires Province. The following year, Fontana progressed to a higher level of championship and finished 4th. In 1992, he moved into car racing and competed in the Formula Renault Argentina series before moving into the European series events in 1993.

Fontana raced in the German Formula Three Championship series in 1994 and 1995, winning the 1995 title as well as that year's Marlboro Masters event at Zandvoort circuit. He claimed the title ahead of drivers including Ralf Schumacher, Alexander Wurz, Jarno Trulli and Jan Magnussen.

In 1996, Fontana entered Formula Nippon for the Nova Engineering team driving a Lola T96/51 Mugen. His highlights were finishing 2nd twice in Fuji in a season that included multiple accidents, mechanical failures and poor results. For 1997, he drove for the Le Mans team in their Reynard 97D Mugen. The season started badly but made a comeback to finish 5th in Fuji, a win at Mine and 3rd in Motegi.

Formula One
Fontana joined the Sauber test team in 1995 when Peter Sauber approached him for a test session that took place at Barcelona in late 1994. He retained this role throughout 1995 and 1996.

1997
Fontana made his Formula One debut at the 1997 French Grand Prix replacing Gianni Morbidelli who had broken his arm prior to the race. He qualified 20th and retired when he understeered and ended up in a gravel trap. Prior to the British GP, team principal Peter Sauber looked for replacements to take Fontana's seat but eventually decided to keep Fontana on board. During qualifying, he missed a red light indicating that the car must come in for a mandatory weight check. Fontana drove past the light and was forced to start at the back of the grid. In the race, Fontana finished 9th despite his right leg becoming numb. At Hockenheim, he started 18th and finished 9th despite spinning early on.

At the 1997 European Grand Prix in Jerez, Fontana received a $5,000 fine for speeding in the pitlane and eventually qualified 18th. During the race, Fontana appeared to block Jacques Villeneuve, who was the direct rival of Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher at the time. ITV commentator Martin Brundle pointed out that the Sauber team used Ferrari engines at the time. Fontana eventually finished 14th with his highlight being overtaking Jos Verstappen with two wheels on the grass.

Attempted comebacks
Fontana was considered as a driver for the dying Tyrrell team for 1998 with team principal Ken Tyrrell negotiating with the Argentine. Fontana signed a draft contract, but did not sign the final contract as the owners British American Tobacco had vetoed the suggestion and Tyrrell was forced to sign Brazilian Ricardo Rosset who had more sponsorship brought to the team. In 1999, Fontana tested with Minardi for a seat that would partner Marc Gené. However, sponsorship once again caused the Argentine to lose the seat for a possible comeback.

Post-Formula One
Fontana decided to return to Formula Nippon and finished 4th in the series which included a win in Fuji. He also competed in the Japanese GT Championship and was paired with Masanori Sekiya. The pair finished 6th in Suzuka, 3rd at Sendai and Motegi. The pair finished 7th in the championship.

Touring car racing
He subsequently moved into Argentine touring car racing, driving in the Turismo Carretera, TC2000 and Top Race V6. In the TC2000 he was seventh in 2001, champion in 2002, third in 2003, seventh in 2006, eighth in 2008, fourth in 2009 and champion again in 2010. Until 2009 he drove for Toyota, given the relationship he had with the brand when he raced in Japan. Since 2010 he drives a works Ford. Fontana also competed at the 2011 Dakar Rally in a buggy.

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title: Norberto Fontana


text:
Talk:The Rebel Billionaire: Branson's Quest for the Best

Here, in short, is why TRB failed where the apprentice succeeded:

Trump does one thing which most people understand and he does it well. Branson is into EVERYTHING and thinks so differently to other people they cannot relate to him or his show.

Trump has focus, Branson has an open mind. Trump went to Wharton, Branson struggled against dyslexia and did the opposite of academia to survive. The Apprentice is pure ambition, TRB is a series of ever wackier things which someone with an amazing but undisciplined imagination cobbled together so people would (hopefully) understand him.

Branson claims that he does not like speaking in public, but not uncommon with introverts, he is quite a showman. His charisma is unsuited to mass appeal. Trump's, and his signature "you're fired" line, is the guy we can all relate to.

Branson, who offeres Virgin airlines tickets in an envelope to two people, one of which may be a ticket home, comes across as a coward, who hates to fire nice people. Plus it suggests that Virgin airlines tickets bring uncertain stressful news. Who dreamt that little touch up?

Lots of other things wrong with the show, but the lack of a coherent plot is the main one of them.

 * I agree the incoherency of the plot was a possible major detractor from the show. Escpecially against The Apprentice, where you knew exacly what you were going to get every episode. I agree also that the "nice guy" attitude that Branson (and indeed the entire show) portrayed didn't nearly match up (in terms of what modern day TV viewers want) to Trump's extremely aggresive "YOUR FIRED" attitude and the bitchiness of the apprentice hopefuls.

 * I don't know that the Virgin tickets implying bad news therefor people wouldn't fly the airline argument quite stacks up, but the blatent commercialism of the series didn't help it's ratings I'm sure, there's only so much product placement that even US viewers will take. Finally, although I don't have figures to hand, I seem to remeber A LOT more marketing went into the Apprentice than Rebel Billionaire (The Apprentice bombarded the world with TV and poster ads). Combined with the fact that The Apprentice was first of the block is in my view the most probable reason for the gap in viewing figures between the shows. Having said all that, as far as I understand the Rebel Billionaire was far from a complete flop (something which the article maybe over-implies it was), does anyone have viewing figures / ratings for the show? Canderra 07:22, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Other versions
I propose removing "Other versions" section unless/until sources are provided. Even a single link to a show web site would be ok for starters. There's limited sourcing, and none in English. There's no mention in Roberto Justus. Also, I find part of this section to be incoherent. --Rob (talk) 16:37, 5 February 2012 (UTC)


text:
Noritake Takahara

Noritake Takahara (高原 敬武; born 6 June 1951) is a former racing driver from Japan. He participated in 2 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 24 October 1976. He scored no championship points. Along with his compatriots Masahiro Hasemi and Kazuyoshi Hoshino, he was the first Japanese driver to start a Formula One Grand Prix.

Takahara is a two-time Japanese Formula 2000 champion, winning the title in 1974 and 1976, and resulting vice-champion in 1975 and third in 1973.

He won the Fuji Grand Champion Series three times in 1973, 1975 and 1976, and resulted vice-champion in 1974. He collected 17 wins and 30 podiums in that championship.

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title: Noritake Takahara


text:
Talk:T-square (fractal)

Fractal dimension
I asume the fractal dimension of the curve is 2.0 but I'm not sure, (I'm not very good at the rules of dimension claculation). Scale by 2 myltiply by 4 vill give $$ log 4 / log 2 = 2.0 $$. If you can comfirm this then please write it to the page. =P // Solkoll 20:53, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * hum... seams correct : 4 points, division by two. A fractal dimension of 2, for a plane object, means that it is not fractal... And actually, for sure, this object finish up as the square all black. Gem fr 17:47, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * My mistake : the black surface is not fractal, but the line (contour) is Gem fr 18:01, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * moreover, a plane object can be fractal even with a fractal dimension of 2, the black surface is fractal. Second and third mistake. Gee, I'll better stop editing and return to bed. Gem fr 18:15, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Why the capital S?
Is there a reason why this fractal is called "T-Square" instead of "T-square"? I'll probably translate this article to Indonesian and I'm not sure whether to use "Kotak T" or "kotak T".

Thanks a lot.

I amlooking information about T-square fractal, if you know who "discower" it and when? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mamukasam (talk • contribs) 12:15, 2 February 2012 (UTC)

I think the section of the article that says almost every point is darkened needs to be clarified. It should say something like "The entire area of the square is filled, however, there are an infinite amount of points that never get darkened" Tntarrh (talk) 01:28, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

Iterated Function System Fractal?
It is not obvious to me that it is one, even though it is placed in that category. Lavateraguy (talk) 14:16, 29 July 2016 (UTC) Yes, it is. You can even produce this fractal with Chaos game. It appears on the Wiki page for The Chaos Game, too. 173.188.37.202 (talk) 04:47, 2 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:T-square (fractal)


text:
Olivier Beretta

Olivier Henri Aldo Léopold Beretta (born 23 November 1969) is a professional racing driver from Monaco who raced in Formula One in 1994 for the Larrousse team, partnering Érik Comas. He participated in 10 Grands Prix, debuting on 27 March 1994. He scored no championship points, and was replaced when his sponsorship money ran out. During 2003 and 2004, he tested for the Williams team.

Career
Born in Monte Carlo, Beretta has seen more success in sportscar racing, taking class wins at the 24 Heures du Mans with Viper GTS-Rs in 1999 (10th overall) and 2000 (7th overall), Corvettes in 2004 (C5-R, 6th overall), 2005 (C5-R, 5th overall) and 2006 (C6-R, 4th overall) and driving LMP900 class cars to 6th (2001), 4th (2002) and 3rd (2003) place class finishes.

He made a single NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series start at Heartland Park Topeka in 1999 for Bobby Hamilton Racing, qualifying 10th and finishing 17th.

For 2012, Beretta made the move from Corvette to Ferrari and started the season at the 2012 24 Hours of Daytona with Risi Competizione's Ferrari F458 Italia Grand Am. He competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship in a GTE-Pro class Ferrari F458 Italia for AF Corse.

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NASCAR
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title: Olivier Beretta


text:
Óscar González (racing driver)

Óscar Mario "Bocha" González Alonso (10 November 1923 – 5 November 2006 ) was a racing driver from Uruguay.

González participated in one Formula One Grand Prix, the 1956 Argentine Grand Prix on 22 January 1956, finishing sixth in a shared drive with countryman Alberto Uria. He scored no championship points.

Complete Formula One results
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 * '' * Indicates shared drive with Alberto Uria

title: Óscar González (racing driver)


text:
Oscar Larrauri

Oscar Rubén Larrauri (born 19 August 1954) is a racing driver from Argentina. He participated in 21 Formula One Grands Prix, all with the EuroBrun team, debuting at the 1988 Brazilian Grand Prix. He scored no championship points, only qualifying 8 times.

He was for many years part of Brun Motorsport in sports car racing, and involved in the World Sportscar Championship, IMSA GT Championship, Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft, and All Japan Sports Prototype Championship during his career.

1988
After spending a number of years in sports cars, Brun Motorsport owner Walter Brun decided to move into Formula One in. Brun Motorsport formed an alliance with Giampaolo Pavanello's Euroracing team who had previously run the factory backed Alfa Romeo team from 1982-1985. The team became known as EuroBrun and Larrauri was signed to drive for the team alongside 1987 Formula 3000 champion Stefano Modena.

The EuroBrun ER188, powered by the 590 bhp Cosworth DFZ V8 engine, proved to be one of the slowest cars in its debut season with Larrauri in particular gaining an unwanted reputation as a mobile road block in the René Arnoux mould (i.e. one who rarely used his mirrors and often held up faster cars from lapping him, and even getting in the way during qualifying runs). Larrauri's best finish for the year was a 13th place in Mexico (Rd.4) with his only other finish being a 16th place in Germany (Rd.8). With a lack of results coming, Brun actually looked to replace the Argentine in mid-season, but no driver was available who could fit into the car and Larrauri was retained for the rest of the season.

1989
Without a drive at the start of, Larrauri only entered in the last five Grands Prix of the season, again with EuroBrun, though he failed to pre-qualify on each occasion bringing an end to his brief Formula One career. Larrauri then moved back into sports car racing.

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title: Oscar Larrauri


text: Category:Law enforcement in Norway

title: Category:Law enforcement in Norway


text:
User:Branteaton

Clearly, I've been away from the 'Pedia for a while. I hadn't even noticed the defacement of my User page!

I contributed some text in the early days of the project, usually "drying up" the text of articles I like that had strayed from NPOV.

I'm a technical guy in Arizona Utah.

I like Windows and Linux and Mac OS X. I like browser-based applications.

I also like fiction novels.

You can visit my personal (non-professional) blog: Brant Eaton's Blog

Branteaton (talk) 21:36, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User:Branteaton


text: File:SutcliffBloodFeud.jpg

title: File:SutcliffBloodFeud.jpg