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Controlled combustion engine

Controlled combustion engine (CCE) is a term used by TechViki, an engine design company, to identify a type of experimental internal combustion engine (ICE) designed by Brad Howell-Smith. It uses two counter-rotating cams instead of a crankshaft. Pairs of cylinders oppose each other in a boxer flat engine or X engine arrangement.

History
The idea came to Howell-Smith, an automotive engineer residing in Australia, during REM sleep in 1995. He designed five different engine layouts with variations on each and established Revolution Engine Technologies Pty Ltd in 1996 with a budget of A$2,000. The first working prototype was built by father-in-law Peter Koch in Howell-Smith's garage. Howell-Smith founded a company named Revetec Limited and set up a research and development site in Sydney. The prototype was displayed at the 1996 Sydney International Motor Show which brought public awareness to the design. Work began on a second prototype intended for use in generators and pumps, however interest expressed by the Middle East automotive market shifted focus towards automotive applications.

Engine description
The Revetec engine design consists of two counter-rotating "trilobate" (three lobed) cams geared together, so both cams contribute to forward motion. Two bearings run along the profile of both cams (four bearings in all) and stay in contact with the cams at all times. The bearings are mounted on the underside of the two inter-connected pistons, which maintain the desired clearance throughout the stroke.

The two cams rotate and raise the piston with a scissor-like action to the bearings. Once at the top of the stroke the air-fuel mixture is fired. This is the power stroke during which the maximum mechanical advantage is reached after the piston has moved approximately 5% of its travel from top dead centre (approx. 10° ATDC), which makes better use of the high cylinder pressures at this point in the cycle. In comparison, a conventional engine reaches its maximum mechanical advantage after the piston has moved approximately 40% of its travel from TDC (approx. 60° ATDC). A side effect of this is a CCE can idle at much lower RPM.

Because the piston assembly only moves in one dimension (unlike the case in an engine with connecting rods), contact with the cylinder wall is minimised, which reduces wear and lubrication requirements. The cams create less piston shock, which allows ceramic components to be used. The engine can run in either direction if symmetrical lobes are used.

The effective cranking distance is determined by the length from the point of bearing contact to the centre of the output shaft (not the stroke).

The dual bearings contact the two cams in the opposite side which cancels the side forces out. The piston assembly does not experience any side force which reduces wear and lubrication requirements at the cylinder contact. One module, which consists of a minimum of five moving components, produces six power strokes per revolution. Increasing the number of lobes on each cam to five produces ten power strokes without increasing the number of components.

Claimed advantages
The following advantages are claimed for the CCE engine at.

 * Predicted production power to dressed weight ratio is 0.40 bhp/lb, based on 2007 testing of the X4v2 engine. For comparison a Continental 100 hp engine is 0.465 hp/lb, dressed
 * Efficiency - recent tests gave good results, for a gasoline engine, when running lean.
 * Fewer moving and total components. As a result of fewer components, more easily manufactured than conventional engines.
 * Identical cylinder head assembly (“top end") to conventional engines. Most existing head technology can be either adapted or utilised.
 * Flexible design - can be four-stroke, two-stroke, petrol, diesel or gas, natural or forced aspiration.
 * Eliminated irregularly reciprocating components such as connecting rods. No second order balancing required.
 * Output shaft can be run in either direction if multilobed cams with symmetrical lobes are employed.
 * The CCE can be designed to operate at greatly reduced operating speeds while delivering high torque output.
 * Substantial reduction in stroke reduces heat loss through cylinder wall.
 * Extended piston dwell is possible because engine design allows a lower than normal compression ratio to be used reducing power loss from compression cycle.
 * Able to fire on a leaner mixture than conventional engines.
 * Maximum mechanical advantage can be applied to output shaft at only 20 degrees ATDC utilising high cylinder pressure early in the stroke, compared to around 60 degrees ATDC for conventional engines.
 * Lower emissions can be achieved due to increased control over combustion.
 * Low idle speed due to increase in mechanical efficiency at the top of the stroke.
 * Little or no bore contact/piston side thrust, which reduces wear on cylinder bore.
 * Can have different port timing on compression stroke than power stroke allowing better control.
 * Lower centre of gravity on the boxer design.
 * Due to controlled piston acceleration rates the CCE reduces engine vibration.
 * A hollow output shaft can be utilised for specialty applications, such as peristaltic pumps.

Disadvantages
The following have yet to be verified independently.

 * Vibration
 * Reliability, especially when running lean as is required for good economy.
 * Emissions

Patents
U.S. Patent 5,992,356 "Opposed piston combustion engine "; November 30, 1999; Howell-Smith; Bradley David (Worongary, AU).

Revetec has a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent application pending for the "X" design lodged late 2006.

Performance
A dyno graph of the Revetec 1.38litr engine is shown on their development page, shows a flat torque curve.

Test results (11 November 2007) on the X4v2 engine showing torque and power curves and the fuel injection map.

In April 2008, Revetec completed their first Independently Certified Test Report carried out by Orbital Australia, achieving a repeatable BSFC figure of 212g/kW-h (38.6% efficiency).

title: Controlled combustion engine


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Blue Skies (1946 film)

Blue Skies is a 1946 American musical comedy film directed by Stuart Heisler and starring Bing Crosby, Fred Astaire, and Joan Caulfield. Based on a story by Irving Berlin, the film is about a dancer who loves a showgirl who loves a compulsive nightclub-opener who can't stay committed to anything in life for very long. Produced by Sol C. Siegel, Blue Skies was filmed in Technicolor and released by Paramount Pictures. The music, lyrics, and story were written by Irving Berlin, with most of the songs recycled from earlier works.

As in Holiday Inn (1942), the film is designed to showcase Berlin's songs. The plot, which is presented in a series of flashbacks with Astaire as narrator, follows a similar formula of Crosby beating Astaire for the affections of a leading lady. Comedy is principally provided by Billy De Wolfe, and several musical numbers are performed by Olga San Juan.

Joan Caulfield was the protégé of Mark Sandrich, who directed many of the Astaire-Ginger Rogers musicals. Sandrich was originally slated to direct this film, but died of a heart attack during pre-production and Stuart Heisler was drafted in to replace him. Heisler wanted Caulfield replaced, but Crosby—who was having an affair with Caulfield—protected her.

Tap dancer Paul Draper was the initial choice to partner Crosby, but, during the first week of production, Draper's speech impediment and his trenchant criticism of Caulfield's dance ability led Crosby to insist on his replacement by Astaire, who, then 47, decided that this would be his final film and that he would subsequently retire, having spent over 40 years performing before the public. The film was billed as "Astaire's last picture" and its very strong performance at the box office pleased him greatly, as he had dearly wanted to go out on a high note.

The reasons for Astaire's (temporary) retirement remain a source of debate: his own view that he was "tired and running out of gas," the sudden collapse in 1945 of the market for Swing music which left many of his colleagues in jazz high and dry, a desire to devote time to establishing a chain of dancing schools, and a dissatisfaction with roles, as in this film, where he was relegated to playing second fiddle to the lead. This film is most remembered by some today for his celebrated solo performance of "Puttin' On The Ritz", which featured Astaire leading an entire dance line of Astaires.

Plot
The story is told in a series of vignettes and musical numbers that serve to show events in flashback. Our narrative link is New York radio star Jed Potter, who once was a renowned Broadway hoofer. The conceit is that he is on the air, telling his life story, which does not yet have an ending.

The tale starts just after World War I and centers on two men who became friends in the Army: rising dancer Potter and business-minded Johnny Adams. While hardworking Potter dreams of stardom, the more laid-back and less disciplined Adams has hopes of becoming a successful nightclub owner.

In time, dancer Potter falls in love with a band singer, Mary O'Hara. He takes Mary to Adams' nightclub, where she takes a shine to Adams. Potter warns Mary that his old buddy is not the marrying kind, but she marries Adams. The union is not a happy one, despite the birth of a child. Adams' nightclub business is anything but a resounding success, and it turns out Potter was right: Adams is self-centered and unable to commit to his nightclubs, his marriage, or his daughter.

The couple divorces, and Mary tries again with Potter. The two even become engaged, but Mary can't go through with the wedding and takes off. A devastated Potter turns to booze and subsequently suffers an accident that puts an end to his dancing career. He winds up behind a radio microphone, sharing his story with his audience, hoping that wherever Mary is, she can hear him.

Production
Joan Caulfield was pulled out of the film. But Paramount changed their mind and put her back in.

Reception
In its initial release period in the US, the movie took in $5 million in rental income, making it one of the box office successes of the year. Variety gave a favorable review. "'Blue Skies' is another in the show biz cavalcade cycle and it'll spell beaucoup blue skies and black ink for any exhibitor. With Crosby, Astaire and Joan Caulfield on the marquee, a wealth of Irving Berlin songs and lush Technicolor production values, this filmusical can't miss for terrific grosses. . .Certainly, for Astaire, it's perhaps a new triumph. If he ever seriously thought of retiring, 'Skies' should postpone any such ideas...Crosby is Crosby although a slightly heftier Bing. He's the same troubadour, chirping the ditties as only Crosby does even though his waistline is somewhat more generous than behooves a juve."

Bosley Crowther of The New York Times liked it too. "So many screen exercises in the music-album line have been so cluttered up with 'biography' that it is a pleasure at last to see one in which a tune-vender's life and his music are not mutually and mawkishly abused. Such a one is the Paramount's current and cheerfully diverting "Blue Skies," which catalogues some songs of Irving Berlin without catalyzing that gentleman's career. And with Fred Astaire and Bing Crosby as its bright particular stars, everyone's probity is honored by it—especially Mr. Berlin's."

At the 19th Academy Awards, honoring the films from 1946, Blue Skies was nominated for two Oscars: Best MUSIC (Scoring of a Musical Picture) - Robert Emmett Dolan and Best MUSIC (Song) - "You Keep Coming Back Like A Song", Music and Lyrics by Irving Berlin. The awards, however, went to The Jolson Story – Morris Stoloff and "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe" from The Harvey Girls – Music by Harry Warren; Lyrics by Johnny Mercer.

Soundtrack and dance routines
Crosby applies his famous relaxed crooning style to the many songs he delivers here. In contrast, Astaire, assisted by choreographers Hermes Pan and Dave Robel (for the "Puttin' on the Ritz" routine), delivers a series of dances which explore the theme of confrontation, both with partners and with the audience. As a result, it is one of only a few Astaire films not to feature a romantic-partnered dance.

 * "A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody": Berlin's 1919 song is presented as part of a big Ziegfeld Follies production number, an aesthetic which Astaire parodies in this partnered dance with Caulfield and others. In the first of a series of references to films he made earlier in the 1940s, he reprises a tap sequence performed atop a bar counter in the "One for My Baby" number from The Sky's the Limit (1943), this time danced down a stairway.
 * "I've Got My Captain Working for Me Now": This song, composed in 1919, is performed by Crosby, backed up by Billy De Wolfe.
 * "You'd Be Surprised": Another 1919 song, this time performed by Olga San Juan.
 * "All by Myself": Crosby performs this 1921 song to Caulfield, who harmonizes with him in the closing phrases.
 * "Serenade to an Old-Fashioned Girl": Caulfield sings this number, specially written for the film.
 * "Puttin' on the Ritz": Although Berlin's 1930 song was originally written for vaudevillian Harry Richman, it has become indelibly associated with Astaire, who also recorded it for Columbia in 1930. In this tap solo with cane, which was widely billed as "Astaire's last dance", the lyrics are updated, replacing references to ritzy Harlemites with wealthy whites strutting their stuff up and down Park Avenue. The routine was produced after the rest of the film had been completed, and according to Astaire, it took "five weeks of back-breaking physical work" to prepare. It is constructed in three sections, beginning in a book-lined office with Astaire dressed in a morning suit. Here Astaire delivers the song while executing a gentle tap and cane solo in mock slow-motion, in an amusing parody of his impending retirement. The song finished, he returns to dancing at normal speed and dances around the office while executing an ingenious jumping cane routine, which relied on a concealed floor trigger mechanism. Rejuvenated, Astaire sweeps aside a pair of drab curtains to reveal a chorus of nine Fred Astaires – achieved by filming two separate versions of Astaire, repeating them four times and interleaving them. The final section of the number is a repeat of the tune with a greatly reduced tempo, which accompanies a complex routine for Astaire and chorus. In "Top Hat, White Tie and Tails" from Top Hat (1935), Astaire pretended to machine-gun his chorus dancers with his cane and loud taps. This time, Astaire joins his chorus in adopting a confrontational, at times almost menacing posture towards his audience. In 1957, on the brink of yet another temporary retirement, Astaire wittily refers back to this routine in the self-parodying "The Ritz, Roll And Rock" number from Silk Stockings.
 * "(I'll See You In) C-U-B-A": A 1920 song performed as a duet by Crosby and San Juan.
 * "A Couple of Song and Dance Men": A comic song and dance duet for Astaire and Crosby to a number specially composed for the film. The concept is a reworking of the "I'll Capture Your Heart" number from Holiday Inn (1942) and the comedy centres on Crosby's legendary reluctance to rehearse.
 * "You Keep Coming Back Like a Song": Crosby performs this specially composed number.
 * "Blue Skies": Crosby sings this 1926 ballad, the film's title song, to Caulfield.
 * "Nightclub Montage": Crosby performs fragments of "The Little Things In Life" (1930), "Not for All the Rice In China" (1933) and "Russian Lullaby" (1927).
 * "Everybody Step": Crosby sings this 1921 number, followed by a brief dance for chorus choreographed by Hermes Pan. Crosby directs the chorus in the opening stages, a concept revived and further developed by Pan for the opening number of An Evening with Fred Astaire (1958).
 * "How Deep Is the Ocean?": Crosby performs this 1932 song in a musing style, backed by a female quartet.
 * "(Running Around In Circles) Getting Nowhere": Crosby sings this specially composed song to his daughter, played by Karolyn Grimes.
 * "Heat Wave": The film's major production number features Astaire, Olga San Juan and chorus in a brightly coloured Latin-themed setting. It begins with San Juan's rendition – with the lyric "making her seat wave" toned down to "making her feet wave" – of this 1933 song, while Astaire approaches warily, using dance steps reminiscent of those used in the "Dream Ballet" number from Yolanda and the Thief (1945), followed by a partnered dance for Astaire and San Juan, and then a tap solo section for Astaire who quotes from the "Boogie Barcarolle (Rehearsal Sequence)" number from You'll Never Get Rich (1941). This solo section was shot in one take and features music specially composed by Astaire, the only time his music was used in a film. In a counterpoint to the film's opening number, this number ends with him ascending a staircase, only to fall dramatically from a precipice, ending his character's dance career.
 * "Wartime Medley": Crosby performs excerpts from "Any Bonds Today" (1941), "This Is The Army, Mr. Jones" (1942) and "White Christmas" (1942) – which he had introduced in his previous film with Astaire: Holiday Inn (1942).
 * "You Keep Coming Back Like a Song/Blue Skies (reprise)": Performed by Crosby and Caulfield at the film's close.

The other Berlin songs which featured only as background music in the film are, in order of use: "Tell Me Little Gypsy" (1920), "Nobody Knows" (1920), "Mandy" (1918), "I Wonder" (1919), "Some Sunny Day" (1922), "When You Walked Out Someone Else Walked In" (1923), "Because I Love You" (1926), "Homesick" (1922), "How Many Times" (1926), "The Song Is Ended" (1927), "Lazy" (1924), "Always" (1925) and "I Can't Remember" (1933).

Other Irving Berlin sings which were recorded by Bing Crosby for the film soundtrack but omitted from the released print were "Say It Isn't So", "What'll I Do", "All Alone", "Remember", "I'm Putting All My Eggs in One Basket", "Cheek to Cheek" and "God Bless America".

Bing Crosby recorded many of the songs for Decca Records. and these were also issued as a 5-disc, 78 rpm album titled Blue Skies (Decca album). "You Keep Coming Back Like a Song" was in the Billboard charts for six weeks with a peak position of #12. Crosby's songs were also included in the Bing's Hollywood series.

Reception
According to Variety the film earned $5 million in rentals in 1946.

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 * 2006: AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – Nominated

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Blue Skies (1946 film)


text: User talk:83.130.69.80

title: User talk:83.130.69.80


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UK Sport

UK Sport is the government agency responsible for investing in Olympic and Paralympic sport in the United Kingdom. It is an executive non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

It was created following a "rock bottom" showing at the 1996 Summer Olympics where Team GB won just one solitary gold medal. Team GB and Paralympics GB went on to place third in the medal table at London 2012 and second in the table at Rio 2016.

Funding
UK Sport currently invests around £345m in summer Olympic and Paralympic sports and £24m in winter Olympic and Paralympic sports. These investments are spread over a four-year cycle ahead of the Tokyo and Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games respectively.

The investments are made through Athlete Performance Awards which are paid directly to the athlete and contribute to their living and sporting costs and through central funding to sport National Governing Bodies to invest in coaches, facilities and sports science and medicine.

title: UK Sport


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Talk:Azra Akın

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title: Talk:Azra Akın


text: User talk:83.243.117.236

title: User talk:83.243.117.236


text:
Münnerstadt

Münnerstadt is a town in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria, Germany. It has a population of around 7,600.

Geography
It borders on the towns of Burglauer, Bad Bocklet, Nüdlingen, Maßbach, Großbardorf, and Strahlungen. The municipal territory covers an area of 95 km2.

The town is located in the southern portion of the Mittelgebirge Rhön. The Lauer river (a tributary of the Franconian Saale) flows directly through the town.

History
The area around Münnerstadt has been inhabited at least since approximately 2100 BC. Early Celtic settlers farmed in the area of Grosswenkheim, Maria Bildhausen and Althausen (all villages within the municipal boundaries). Around the 1st century AD, Thuringian and soon after, Franconian settlers moved into the area and used the surrounding hills (Michelsberg) and forests for protection in times of danger. By the 5th century AD a village existed in the area where the base of Michelsberg meets the Lauer river.

Middle Ages
On 28 December 770, Egi and Sigihilt donated their complete estate including vineyards to the "Munirihestat" monastery of Fulda. This was the first certified mention of Münnerstadt. Between 770 and 876 there were 18 certificates that proved Münnerstadt was of great importance during the Carolingian period.

In 1156 Hermann von Stahleck sponsored the construction of the abbey in Maria Bildhausen. In the 12th century Count Henneberg began to establish his presence in Münnerstadt. Henneberg was also the name of the state of the Holy Roman Empire in which Münnerstadt was located. At this time Henneberg built a small castle on the Lauer river and the inhabitants of the old Münnerstadt left their unprotected dwellings and moved within the shadows of the new castle.

Early in the 13th century Münnerstadt began the fortification of the town with the construction of a wall (1251) and four gates around the entire town to protect them from invading forces. With the addition of the Market (1271), the town court, town council (1279) and town seal (1287), Münnerstadt began a period of prosperity. The grain measurement was the standard in 38 towns in Lower Franconia. In 1231 the Teutonic Knights took over the Ministry of Münnerstadt. In 1279 the Augustinian abbey in Münnerstadt was established.

As a result of the growth and prosperity brought upon Münnerstadt by Count von Henneberg, Emperor Louis IV gave the community its town rights. Münnerstadt became an important base against the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, but inheritance and financial problems in the mid-14th century led to Würzburg taking over some assets in Münnerstadt. In the late 14th century the town inhabitants rose up to drive out both of the ruling princes but were crushed. In 1385 new laws were established that governed the way of life within the walls of the town.

In 1490, the town council sponsored the construction of an altar in the Pfarrkirche (parish church) by noted artist Tilman Riemenschneider. This was his first contract for a large altar.

In the early 16th century Martin Luther's predication created an uproar by the farmers and citizens who burned down the abbey of Maria Bildhausen, but the riot was quelled by the hard reprisal by the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg. The Augustinian monks had to leave town when the first Protestant priest took over the Ministry of Münnerstadt in 1552. In 1585 Prince-Bischop Julius Echter purchased a large part of the town that was not already owned by the Bishops of Würzburg. As a result, approximately 400 Protestants, mostly craftsmen, left the town. In 1631 the region suffered from the effects of the Thirty Years' war. Swedish invaders took the town. In 1641 a miracle is supposed to have taken place that protected Münnerstadt from more devastation. The Augustinians returned in 1652, rebuilding their abbey and in 1685 they took back control of the Ministry of Münnerstadt.

Annexation
During the Napoleonic Wars, Franconia, and with it Münnerstadt, was annexed by Bavaria in 1803. During mediatisation the abbey of Maria Bildhausen was disbanded, the buildings sold or destroyed. In 1804 Münnerstadt became the seat of a federal court. The Teutonic Order was required to leave the town and its possessions were claimed by the town council. The Congress of Vienna later officially awarded Franconia and Münnerstadt to the Kingdom of Bavaria. The town was the local government seat but continued to lose importance. By the early 1900s it was just a locality in the district of Bad Kissingen.

Modern times
During World War II, the Marienkapelle, houses and one of the town gates were destroyed by bombing and upon entry of the U.S. forces into the town. With the establishment of East Germany, businesses from Thuringia relocated to Münnerstadt. Some of them have attained international importance.

In 1990, traffic on the was rerouted from the town center to the west side of town and the railway to Erfurt was opened after a 50 years' pause. In the winter of 2005 Autobahn 71 was opened for traffic. Its 600 m bridge between Münnerstadt and Althausen had a major impact on the local landscape.

Mayor
Since May 2008 the mayor of Münnerstadt has been 2008 Helmut Blank (CSU). He was reelected in 2014 with 60.3% of the votes. In March 2020 Michael Kastl was elected mayor.

Notable people

 * Georg Anton Schäffer (1779-1836), doctor and adventurer, visited Austria, Turkey, Russia, Hawaii and Brazil.
 * Johann von Lutz (1826-1890), chairman of the Bavarian Council of Ministers from 1884 to 1890.
 * Josef Schreiner (1922-2002), theologian in Würzburg and Münster
 * Anton Schlembach (born 1932), theologian, Bishop of Speyer 1983- 2007

title: Münnerstadt


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tloka

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:22, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Tloka
This was improperly and not completely posted to VfD. I'm finishing the process. No vote. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-13 15:00 Z
 * Delete - unsubstantiated, unsupported by any source and subscribed to the non-existent "Polish mythology". [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 15:41, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - more nonsense Brookie 17:52, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — the claim that Polish mythology is non-existent is bizarre, and I found references on the web (e.g., 1 and 2). Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:06, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dictionary definition. Megan1967 00:42, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, like the next one. Wyss 01:42, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * So the references on the Web are irrelevant? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:08, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as Mel Etitis said. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:57, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * This one, however, I'm not sure about. I have maybe a dozen words of Polish, if that, but is in English (and pretty clearly indicates the existence of Polish mythology, thank you), and it seems to show that "tloka" is the spirit of community, in a metaphorical sense - in the same way that Wikipedia has spawned a spirit of community.

Delete, but NOT on the grounds that there's no such thing as Polish mythology. DS 22:33, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I see your point — it's just that 'Spirit' is capitalised in one reference, and not in the other. I'll see if I can find further evidence to push me one way or the other. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 23:04, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Assuming this is factual information, Should this be in the Dictionary section and/or would it be better placed under Polish Mythology? If not, should there be a seperate "Glossary of Polish Mythology" page, child of polish mythology? (I know there must be practically nil for content in the area right now, but namespace decisions should be looked at through a very long term lens IMO EggplantWizard 23:09, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, utter nonsense, no such thing as "Polish" mythology. JamesBurns 07:46, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Can someone explain this peculiar insistence on the part of some Users that Poland is unique in having no muthology? Is there some religious or other belief behind it? I've come across irrationality in other discussions, but this repeated blank repetition of a nonsensical claim is new to me (outside articles attracting fundemntalist religion and racist politics). What;s going on? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:16, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tloka


text:
Kiko Calero

Enrique Nomar "Kiko" Calero (born January 9, 1975) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher.

Professional career
Calero is a graduated from University Gardens High School in Puerto Rico and attended Miami-Dade College Kendall Campus. He was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the 41st round (1142nd overall) of the 1994 Major League Baseball draft, but Calero did not sign with the Tigers. Instead he attended St. Thomas University (Florida) and was drafted again in the 1996 Major League Baseball draft, when he was picked in the 27th round (799th overall) by the Kansas City Royals.

Kansas City Royals
Mainly a starting pitcher in the Royals minor league organization, he spent 6 years at the Single-A and Double-A levels before finally reaching Triple-A Omaha in 2002. During his minor league career, Calero excelled for the Royals organization. In 1996, he finished fourth in the Single-A Northwest League in ERA. He was also named to the Texas League All Star team in 1997. Through 2000, Calero had 31 wins in a Wrangler uniform and worked as a reliever in 2001 after 105 starts. The Royals traded Calero to the Philadelphia Phillies for shortstop Brian Harris in 2002 but was returned to the Royals and granted free agency.

St. Louis Cardinals
Calero was subsequently signed as a free agent by the St. Louis Cardinals. He made his Major League debut on April 2, 2003, for the Cards against the Milwaukee Brewers, he worked two thirds of an inning, allowing two hits and one walk but no runs. He spent all of and most of  in the majors. He played all but one game as a reliever. He was a member of the 2004 St. Louis Cardinals' team that went on to win the National League title and played in the 2004 World Series.

Oakland Athletics
After the 2004 season, Calero was traded from the Cardinals along with starting pitcher Dan Haren and top-hitting prospect Daric Barton to the Oakland Athletics for Mark Mulder.

Texas Rangers
On July 4, 2008, After being designated for assignment and released by the Athletics, Calero signed with the Texas Rangers. The Rangers signed Calero to a minor league contract and assigned him to Triple-A Oklahoma, where he spent the rest of the season.

Florida Marlins
Calero signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Florida Marlins in January 2009. He made the team out of spring training, and was added to the major league roster on April 4. He became a free agent following the season.

New York Mets/Los Angeles Dodgers
On March 4, 2010, the New York Mets signed Calero to a minor-league deal with an invitation to spring training. On May 16, he was released by the Mets and he signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers on June 10 and was assigned to the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes. He appeared in 15 games for the Isotopes before they also released him.

Overseas career
Calero has also played on several other teams. He played from 1996 to 2000 with the Indios de Mayagüez (Mayagüez Indians) in the Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League. During those years, he went on to win two national titles and three participations on the Serie del Caribe. In 1996, Calero was named Rookie of the Year, and he also was selected to participate on three all-star games, during his playing year with the Indios de Mayagüez. Kiko also played on the MLB team at the Major League Baseball Japan All-Star Series played in Japan in 2004. He was also a member of the 2006 Puerto Rico national baseball team at the World Baseball Classic.

Personal life
Calero is well-known and very popular in Puerto Rico. He has a street named after him, on a little part of Río Piedras called Fair View, where Calero grew up and played Little League ball. Calero is married to Carola Rodriguez and they have two children. He lives in Caguas, Puerto Rico during the offseason and during the MLB season in Miami.

title: Kiko Calero


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User:DaAlex

I'm currently a student in Fine arts college in Alexandria,Egypt Hoping to be a good architect More to come!!

title: User:DaAlex


text: User talk:69.86.7.82

title: User talk:69.86.7.82


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Meitetsu

Nagoya Railroad Co., Ltd. (名古屋鉄道株式会社), often abbreviated to as Meitetsu (名鉄), is a private railway company operating around Aichi Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture of Japan. tyo: 9048

Some of the more famous trains operated by Meitetsu include the Panorama Car and the Panorama Car Super, both of which offer views through their wide front windows. While the Panorama Super train is used extensively for the railroad's limited express service, the older and more energy-consuming Panorama Car train has been retired, the last run being on 27 December 2008.

In the Tōkai region around Nagoya, it is a central firm of the Meitetsu Group, which is involved in transport, retail trade, service industry, and real estate, among other industries.

Meiji Mura is the corporate museum of Meitetsu.

As of March 2023, Meitetsu operated 444.2 km of track, 275 stations, and 1,076 train cars, being one of the largest private railway company in Japan.

History
Meitetsu was founded on 25 June 1894 as the Aichi Horsecar Company.

Over time, Meitetsu has acquired many small railway and interurban companies in the Nagoya area, many of whom were constructed and operated before and during World War II. For example, Meitetsu acquired its Kōwa Line on the Chita Peninsula from its merger with Chita Railroad on February 1, 1943, and it acquired its Mikawa Line from its merger with Mikawa Railroad.

Meitetsu is famous for its red trains, including its famous 7000 series "Panorama Car" which was retired in 2009 after a career lasting nearly half a century. The most recent cars, however, are not solid red but rather brushed steel as in the case of the 4000 series and 5000 series, or white as in the case of the 1700 series and 2000 series.

While the company used to engage in the freight business and still possesses some freight locomotives, it no longer carries freight on a regular basis.

Major stations in Nagoya

 * NH36 : Meitetsu Nagoya Station
 * NH34 : Kanayama Station
 * NH33 : Jingū-mae Station
 * ST01 : Sakaemachi

Nagoya Line (east side) and Toyokawa Line

 * NH01 : Toyohashi Station (Toyohashi)
 * NH13 : Higashi Okazaki Station (Okazaki)
 * NH17 : Shin Anjō Station (Anjō)
 * NH19 : Chiryū Station (Chiryū)
 * NH23 : Zengo Station (Toyoake)
 * TK04 : Toyokawa-inari Station (Toyokawa)

Tokoname Line, Chikkō Line, and Airport Line

 * TA09 : Ōtagawa Station (Tokai)
 * TA12 : Asakura Station (Chita)
 * TA22 : Tokoname Station (Tokoname)
 * TA24 : Central Japan International Airport Station

Kōwa Line and Chita New Line

 * KC08 : Agui Station (Agui)
 * KC12 : Chita Handa Station (Handa)
 * KC16 : Chita Taketoyo Station (Taketoyo)
 * KC19 : Kōwa Station (Mihama)
 * KC24 : Utsumi Station (Minami Chita)

Mikawa Line, Toyota Line, Nishio Line, and Gamagōri Line

 * MY07 : Toyotashi Station (Toyota)
 * TT06 : Nisshin Station (Nisshin)
 * MU02 : Kariya Station (Kariya)
 * MU06 : Mikawa Takahama Station (Takahama)
 * MU10 : Hekinan-chūō Station (Hekinan)
 * GN10 : Nishio Station (Nishio)
 * GN13 : Kira Yoshida Station
 * GN22 : Gamagōri Station (Gamagōri)

Nagoya Line (west side), Takehana Line, and Hashima Line

 * NH42 : Sukaguchi Station (Kiyosu)
 * NH47 : Kōnomiya Station (Inazawa)
 * NH50 : Meitetsu Ichinomiya Station (Ichinomiya)
 * NH56 : Kasamatsu Station (Kasamatsu)
 * NH60 : Meitetsu Gifu Station (Gifu)
 * TH07 : Hashima-shiyakusho-mae Station (Hashima)

Tsushima Line and Bisai Line

 * TB01 : Jimokuji Station (Ama)
 * TB07 : Tsushima Station (Tsushima)
 * TB09 : Saya Station (Aisai)
 * TB11 : Yatomi Station (Yatomi)
 * BS06 : Morikami Station
 * BS23 : Okuchō Station

Inuyama Line, Kakamigahara Line, and Hiromi Line

 * IY03 : Kami Otai Station
 * IY04 : Nishiharu Station (Kitanagoya)
 * IY07 : Iwakura Station (Iwakura)
 * IY10 : Kōnan Station (Kōnan)
 * IY15 : Inuyama Station (Inuyama)
 * IY17 : Shin Unuma Station
 * KG06 : Mikakino Station
 * KG08 : Kakamigahara-Shiyakusho-mae Station (Kakamigahara)
 * HM06 : Shin Kani Station (Kani)
 * HM10 : Mitake Station (Mitake)

Komaki Line

 * KM06 : Komaki Station (Komaki)
 * KM13 : Kami Iida Station

Seto Line

 * ST06 : Ōzone Station
 * ST15 : Owari Asahi Station (Owariasahi)
 * ST20 : Owari Seto Station (Seto)

Rolling stock
Nippon Sharyo has produced nearly every car that Meitetsu operates or has operated, a notable exception being its Class EL120, an electric locomotive, which was produced by Toshiba, but very few units were produced for Meitetsu. The Class EL120 is one of the few locomotives that Meitetsu possesses.

The following are the train types that Meitetsu operates today, as well as selected types that Meitetsu has retired.

Limited express

 * 1200 and 1230 series "Panorama Super"
 * 1800/1850 series
 * 2000 series "μ-Sky"
 * 2200/2300 series

Commuter

 * 100/200 series
 * 300 series
 * 3100/3500/3700 series
 * 3150 series
 * 3300 series
 * 4000 series
 * 5000 series (2008)
 * 6000/6500/6800 series
 * 9100/9500 series

Withdrawn train types

 * 1380 series
 * 1600 series "Panorama Super"
 * 1700 series
 * 7000 series "Panorama Car"
 * 5000 series (1955)
 * 5300/5700 series

Electric locomotives

 * Meitetsu DeKi 300
 * Meitetsu DeKi 400
 * Meitetsu DeKi 600
 * Meitetsu Class EL120

Rationalization
As Meitetsu formed out of multiple mergers, it owned many deficit lines previously owned by other companies. The railway lines were also seeing competition from cars, due to the fact that Aichi prefecture has a notable automobile industry in cities such as Toyota. Meitetsu has abolished over 15 lines over the past 70 years, while also closing sections with low ridership. Additionally, with the collapse of Bubble economy in the 1990s, and the privatization of JNR, formation of Central Japan Railway Company, the company also cut the number of companies in its corporate group from 250 to 139.

title: Meitetsu


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Volvo 440/460

The Volvo 440 and 460 are versions of a small family car produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo between June 1988 and September 1996. The 440 was a five-door hatchback and the 460 a four-door saloon which followed in 1989. They were built at the NedCar factory in Born, the Netherlands and were only offered with front-wheel drive.

They shared many components with the earlier Volvo 480 coupé, including floorpan, front and rear suspension, engines from Renault, transmissions, and braking systems.

Design and styling
The Volvo 440/460 Series models were designed to fit in below Volvo's bigger saloon and estate cars as a replacement to the 340/360 Series, to compete with the likes of the Ford Sierra.

Development of the 440/460/480 started in 1978, as part of the "Galaxy Project" which was to create two lines of front-wheel drive cars to replace the 300- and 200-series. The smaller line was called G1, while the larger G2 was to become the new Volvo 850. The first G1 mule, designed by Jan Wilsgaard and called the G4, was completed in September 1980 and looked largely identical to the finished Volvo 440. The G1 project was split into three branches, the G13 becoming the 480, the G14 the 460, and the G15 the 440. In 1982, the entire project was sold by Volvo to Volvo Car B.V. in the Netherlands (the successor company to DAF), who started work on the 480 coupé version. As was Volvo's tradition, a new line of cars was always introduced with the most expensive and lowest selling model first, allowing Volvo time to iron out any problems before starting volume production.

The 480 had a lot of problems in its first year of production, and the Dutch office did not have the manpower to complete the G15 (440). A lot of the work was thus subcontracted to two English companies. With the project being shifted to the Netherlands, then partially shifted to England, and further held up by the troubled gestation and initial production of the 480, the 440 looked rather dated by the time it was introduced. While the actual design is credited to Peter van Kuilenburg, Gothenburg had laid down a lot of design provisions since this was to be a volume product for the company, and the final result looked near identical to Wilsgaard's 1980 design. A station wagon was never offered, to avoid competing directly with the larger 240 and 740 wagons. This did not stop independent suppliers ASC and Heuliez from designing station wagon models and presenting them to Volvo, while the Dutch company Toncar sold a bolt-on conversion which replaced the 440's tailgate with an add-on station wagon structure.

First generation 400 series cars resemble the bigger 940, whilst the facelifted example bore a resemblance to the Volvo 850 to increase sales. The interiors of the 400-series variants were designed by British Volvo designer Peter Horbury.

Safety
Safety has always been an issue of primary importance to Volvo, who have developed many features since adopted widely throughout the car industry. Crumple zones were carried on from the previous 300 series into the design of 400 series cars. This aided by the addition of optional seatbelt pre-tensioners and airbags both for passenger and front driver in early 1991.

Other safety items included a high level brake light; a 'bulb blown' warning system; 'door open' warning light; a seatbelt reminder/warning light: all of which all came as standard on all models throughout the range.

Safety was further improved on models from 1993 onward with the introduction of Side Impact Protection System (or SIPS). This was virtually unheard of at the time, and was provided (again as standard) by the forerunner of the SIPS system used on all modern Volvo cars. United Kingdom models also included daytime running lights as standard, although these could be disabled by the dealer at the owner's request.

The original advertising campaign for the 400 range centred on occupant safety. A family of crash test dummies appeared to 'survive' intact after driving the car through a plate glass office window some storeys up. Various other scenarios simulating crashes were employed in addition, all of which ended with the family walking away relatively unharmed — only to be used again in further crash tests.

Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) option
At launch, Volvo decided to offer a four-speed ZF conventional style automatic transmission, even as they spent a few more years redesigning the DAF-derived constantly variable transmission (CVT) to work with engines with more torque than the ones used in the Volvo 340. The majority of automatic 440/460s thus had a conventional four-speed automatic.

The CVT transmission, as fitted to the last generation 440/460 Series, used steel belts (as opposed to the rubber belts used in the 300 Series) and was known as Transmatic, although cars equipped with this auto box were marketed HTA (short for High Tech Auto).

The Transmatic differs greatly in its construction, and apart from the basic CVT principle of belts running in expanding pulleys, it has nothing in common with the Variomatic CVT used in the earlier 300 Series.

Whilst the Variomatic system was completely exposed to the elements at the rear of the car and used dry rubber belts, Transmatic was mounted transversely in the front of the car, and featured steel belts running in oil within a sealed gearbox casing. Subsequent CVT transmissions (such as Audi's Multitronic), have continued to use this configuration.

The HTA gearbox was subsequently used in Rover's Metro redesigned model (last generation) and carries the VT-1 model component number.

Standard specifications
The specifications of most models of 440 and 460 were relatively high when compared with similarly priced alternatives. The list of options included as 'standard' grew and changed regularly throughout the lifespan of the car, varying from country to country and later also differing according to trim level. Furthermore, various 'special editions' were also introduced with equipment differing from that found as standard on all other models; making any more general comparison difficult.

Heated front seats were found across the entire range, as was a five speed gearbox; adjustable seatbelt with pre tensioners; folding two thirds split rear seats; lockable glovebox with light; and boot and ashtray lights.

Options listed as standard on later models include anti-lock brakes (ABS); traction control; front fog lights; separate reading lights for passengers in the back (located in the rear grab handles and cleverly shielded from the driver's view); Radio/cassette player with six high fidelity Blaupunkt stereo speakers; tinted UV blocking windows; Map reading lights; Graduated sun visor; Self-supporting (propless) bonnet; rear window wash/wipe; lumbar support; electric windows/mirrors; heated wing mirrors; central locking; tachometer. The driver's console on all models housed an array of warning lights, a rheostat and a lambda sensor monitor.

There were two generations of 440/460: the facelift model replaced the original model in the autumn of 1993, for the 1994 model year. Changes included a new bonnet and nose, new rear light clusters, body coloured bumpers, a different grille and numerous new options of engine, spec. level and equipment. The changes made the cars resemble the very successful Volvo 850 model more closely.

Engines
Both 440 and 460 had a 1.7 litre Renault engine at launch, carried over from the Volvo 300 Series; this was available between 1988 and 1992 in two different versions with a carburettor, 79 PS and 128 Nm or 87 PS and 130 Nm, multipoint fuel injection in two different versions with either 95 PS and 140 Nm or 106 PS and 140 Nm in the early GLT models and with multipoint fuel injection and no catalytic converter. The simplest, carburetted version was not immediately available.

The standard, fuel injected and catalyzed 1,721 cc powerplant produced 102 PS and a claimed top speed of 185 km/h, which was marginally superior to some of its contemporary counterparts, such as the Volkswagen Passat and the Opel Vectra, as their 1.8 litre engines only had 90 bhp. The turbocharged version offered 120 PS, and a claimed top speed of 200 km/h. This kind of performance put it on par with higher end 1.8 litre engines, or contemporary 2.0 litre engines, but at a significant cost increase. In August 1991, the lower cost 440/460 DL now became equipped with a somewhat larger, 1,794 cc with single-point fuel injection and 90 PS. Thanks to the slight displacement increase, however, torque remained nearly identical.

From 1992, the engines offered were substantially different, with the range now including a 1.6i with 83 PS as well as the 1.8 from the DL and a 2.0i with 110 PS. The naturally aspirated 1.7-litre was discontinued but the turbo option from the pre-facelift version remained unchanged. The 1.6 was equipped with multi point fuel injection; the 1.8 engine had single point injection, and the 2.0 came with a choice of single point and multi point injection units, the older 1.7 turbocharged version however had more power.

From 1994, the engines became slightly more powerful. Diesel versions also became available: a 1.9-litre Renault turbodiesel option with 90 PS was offered, badged as either TD or Turbo Diesel depending on which European market the car was sold in. Volvo also released a limited market 1.8 HTA, the "High Tech Auto", using a much improved electric belt assisted CVT auto transmission, but it was short lived and slow selling.

Trim levels
In the United Kingdom, equipment levels were different from mainland Europe. Early cars were available in L, GL, GLE, GLEi, GLT and Turbo trims. The L and GL trim levels were basic; GLE was plush and along with the GL model offered split rear seats compared to the fixed one piece rear bench on the L model; the GLT was a well equipped, mildly sporting trim level. GLT and Turbo were externally similar, both featuring lowered sports suspension and a large rear spoiler. Other trim levels were gradually phased in, such as limited edition Si and Xi, and Turbo later became simply an engine variant, rather than a full trim variant. In early 1991, the black plastic rear view mirrors were replaced by body colored ones.

From 1992, the range was the same for a year and a half. As a result of the facelift of 1994, the range altered drastically. Trim levels were now: base, S (which was intended as a "family" variant), Si (intended as a "sports" variant), SE ("business" variant), GLT ("performance" variant) and CD ("luxury" variant) trims. An Li model also appeared in 1994, offering base spec with the addition of power steering (and, on later models, a sunroof).

From at least 1995 onwards, all engine choices were available with all trim levels. The later Si models and all GLT models were easily distinguishable from the rest of the range, due to the additions of sports suspension (making the car ride visibly lower) and a large rear spoiler. The GLT's specification was, however, significantly higher in featuring part leather upholstery, alloy wheels, ABS, traction control and an uprated stereo system as standard equipment.

The SE was also slightly more distinguishable, having a small rear spoiler which it shared only with the limited edition ES pack model. The ES pack could be added to cars of any engine variant from late 1995. It featured sports suspension, 15" alloy wheels, metallic paint, door sill decals, electric front windows, electric heated mirrors, front and rear armrests, ABS and immobiliser in addition to the small spoiler and an uprated stereo unit.

The S model was also notable, having two foldout child booster seats integrated into the car's rear seat, a dustbin incorporated in the dashboard and rear headrests. However unlike all the 300 Series, the 440 had, at last split rear seats fitted, though only the basic models lacked a split.

Specification of all later cars was high, with many featuring air conditioning – particularly as a result of a special offer operated by Volvo in the United Kingdom in 1995, where £100 deleted the standard electric glass sunroof from the car's specification in favour of air conditioning and 15" alloy wheels, identical to those fitted to Volvo 850 CD models, albeit with lower-profile tyres.

The luxury CD trim came particularly well-specified especially on the later, facelifted cars, with features such as heated black leather seats, interior burr walnut fascia trim, Air-conditioning, electrically operated & heated door mirrors, remote central locking, electric windows (front and rear), electric aerial, premium Volvo RDS radio cassette, thick pile carpeting, alloy wheels as well as ABS. The CD trim level could be optioned with any engine with the exception of the 1.9 Turbo Diesel, where the GLT was the highest available trim line.

The line up was reduced (for example, the Si and GLT models were replaced by the GS, which had all of the Si's equipment and some of the GLT's, such as ABS) prior to production ceasing in late summer 1996, when the Volvo S40/V40, which shared its platform with the Mitsubishi Carisma, replaced the 440/460 Series.

Mainland Europe
In most European markets, the original trim levels consisted of GL, GLE, GLT, and Turbo. The lower cost DL model, while announced for some markets from the beginning, arrived a little bite later as the carburetted engine was not initially ready for sale. In some markets, such as Sweden, this model only arrived in August 1991 (for the 1992 model year).

title: Volvo 440/460


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Talk:Cyber (Marvel Comics)

Recent edits to Cyber's page...
Having recently re-read all of Cyber's storylines, I made both minor and significant edits, based only on information that can be easily referenced to any of Cyber's appearances in various Marvel titles. I also updated his biography to include more in-depth detail of his current story, and deleted a couple of points about his history with Logan, as I feel that possibly they have yet to be revealed by "Wolverine: Origins" writer, Daniel Way.

My appreciation goes out to the author(s) of this page. It is fine work and I enjoyed cooperating with everyone on this topic. Thanks.74.244.63.126 02:15, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

The page looks good. Given the recent storyline, I expect editing to this article to pick up, particularly when it comes to vandalism. I've gone and made a few minor edits, nothing too major really. I de-capitalized all references to adamantium. Apparently, the consensus is that since its a fictional material, there's no need to capitalize it outside of possibly beginning a sentence with it. That's been probably close to two years now since that was decided.

While Wolverine did have some deep psychological fear of him, stating that he is Wolverine's most feared enemy is a bit too close to POV. I also removed the part about Cyber intending for the Tinkerer to bond adamantium to Milo's skin. That probably is what the writers have planned. However, we can't say for total certainty until whatever they ultimately plan to do happens, so that makes it speculation at this point.

I also felt it necessary to tinker with the powers and abilities section and list the powers that Cyber possessed in his original body and what we know he's capable of while in Milo's body. I also changed the tense from past to present in that section. Cyber's original body is dead but it's Wikipedia policy to refer to fictional characters that are deceased in the present tense. Odin's Beard 23:39, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

"...Battling Cyber, who is and was... ...my worst nightmare come to life."

POV, yeah, but true. The page is pretty tight now. Thanks, Odin. I noticed the statement about Cyber's intention to obtain his own adamantium skeleton was removed, in favor of him selling Wolverine's skeleton. "WOLVERINE #79" from March, 1994 reads with Cyber stating: "Yeah! I've got adamantium skin, but ol' you-know-who has got an adamantium skeleton. I could have both! Yeah! I could! Since I know how it can be done!" Later on, during their fight, he claims: "No, little man, I'm going to feed you alive to the death watch beetles-- --Then, I'm going to sell your famous skeleton to some old buddies of mine!" I think the latter statement was more of a reference to the West Port murders, used as a threat. Issues 80 and 81 also hint about an Adamantium Bonding Process. I believe, from Issue 79, that Cyber's intent was to aquire his own adamantium skeleton to augment his adamantium skin. Another point, is when Cyber shattered Polaris' jaw in X-Facor #81. He states later on that he took out Polaris first, as a precautionary measure to the upcoming battle between the Hell's Belles and X-Factor, DUE to her power over metal... rather than in spite of it, thus his need to sucker-punch her the way he did. That however, is just me. What do you think?74.244.63.126 00:57, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Yeah, I recall him saying that. For all we know, the writers could have intended for him to keep it as a trophy. Since he actually came out and stated that he had plans to sell Wolverine's adamantium skeleton, that's going to hold more weight than a vague statement he made about having both an adamantium skeleton and adamantium skin. Exactly how he'd have both, if that's what the intention was, isn't mentioned. I don't doubt that he once was afraid of Cyber. Since there's a source to back it up, Wolverine's fear of him could be worked into the article. However, stating that he's Wolverine's most feared enemy is too close to POV. Just the way it sounds, as if it's completely definite. As far as tinkering with the incident with Polaris, the way it was originally written made it sound as if Cyber beating her was due to her magnetic powers, as if he was able to somehow turn them around and use them against her. Odin's Beard 01:19, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Nah, don't sweat it, Odin. I see where you're coming from. I don't know... perhaps we should just leave his intentions out of the chapter altogether. It is kinda vague. Maybe he wanted his own adamantium skeleton. Maybe he wanted Wolverine's as a trophy. Maybe he wanted to sell it. Larry Hama probably doesn't even remember what he meant.

I added a spoiler for his most recent appearance, and included a note in the "Powers and Abilities" section to include a possible healing factor to explain the addition of his new adamantium laced skin (as it has been stated in various Marvel titles over the years that an accelerated healing factor is necessary in surviving the harsh adamantium bonding procedure).74.244.63.126 02:15, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

The problem is that you don't know how Milo's body withstood the process. Maybe he possesses a healing factor or maybe his body is exceptionally durable. Whatever the reason hasn't been revealed yet, so adding it is speculation. It's against Wikipedia policy to add speculation into the articles. If something isn't known, then that's how it's to be stated. Odin's Beard 02:31, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

No one can survive the adamantium bonding process without an accelerated healing factor. That's canon in the Marvel Universe. What issue ever revealed the original Cyber possessed a healing factor? It's not "speculation". It's implied.74.244.63.126 04:22, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Wolverine vol.2 #79, near the end of the issue and right before Cyber snaps the set of claws in his right arm, Wolverine slashes him across the face with his claws. They show a close up of Cyber's face and the scars left are healing rapidly. They aren't even bleeding. By the beginning of the next issue, the scars are completely gone. I've been keeping up with the Wolverine Origins series since it started and nowhere is it implied that Milo's body can heal superhumanly fast. At the end of #13, Cyber shows up wearing a costume identical Aside from Milo's body being superhumanly strong, nothing else is known. It's possible that his body does possess a healing factor and it's also possible that his body is extremely resistant to injury. Aside from him being superhumanly strong, nothing else has been revealed concerning Milo's other powers, or even if his body has any other powers for that matter. Odin's Beard 23:31, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

No, you're right Odin, we have seen examples of Cyber's healing factor at work, but the fact that he had a healing factor in the first place was never written about, either by his creator Peter David or Cyber's subsequent writers. When I first read Blood Hungry in '91, I and my friends avidly discussed the fact that me must have accelerated healing like Wolverine, to survive having adamantium grafted to his skin (as it covers even more surface area than the skeleton, and would seemingly require more adamantium), and until the events of Wolverine #79-81, with the slashes and burning of his face, Larry Hama must have just assumed he had a healing factor to start with when he wrote that story. With Milo's body surviving the adamantium bonding process, one can assume his body must also possess accelerated healing, as strength or resiliency alone doesn't cut it in surviving the bonding. Way may never actually mention a healing factor with Cyber's new body, but future writers will probably just assume one exists. Thanks for all your help, Odin. I appreciate it.74.244.63.126 20:44, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Milo
In the latest issue, a couple of cops are discussing Milo and that how whatever it is that made him grow so big and fast has damaged his heart. I'm beginning to wonder if Milo was mentally impaired or if he was, literally, a child with a fully grown man's body. He had a speech impediment, kind of reminded me of Elmer Fudd, that made him sound child-like. I figured that it was just part of his mental retardation. I don't know if enough has really been revealed about Milo yet to say for certain if he's merely an actual 5 or 6 year old child or if he has mental problems.Odin's Beard 18:27, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

I couldn't figure it out either. And the "bum ticker" angle... not exactly panning out to my healing-factor assumption. We'll have to wait and see what Way's got in mind.74.244.63.126 00:03, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Affiliations
As I updated the "Affiliations" piece, I included William Burke, though it has been suggested to me that particular recollection by Cyber may be suspect, as he was quite delusional in that story. Nevertheless, in the story itself, he recalls his affiliation with Burke. I left out an affiliation with the Dark Riders, as although he beleived there was a partnership, they were only interested in his adamantium, intending to kill him all along. I also left out The Tinkerer, as I felt it wasn't so much as an affiliation, so much as it was only Phineas being contracted to perform a service for a new paying client. The "pacemaker" deal was arranged by his client Logan, not Cyber. Thanks.74.244.63.126 16:10, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

The Devil's Brigade
The recent issue of Wolverine: Origins #17 reveals that Cyber was, in fact, Logan's commanding officer with the Devil's Brigade during the Allied invasion of Europe in World War II.

In regards to citing the issue number for the references at the bottom of the article, I wasn't sure how best to write it into the current events (i.e. in his resurrection article), as the story itself is a flashback, whereas the issue numbers are cited in chronological order. Also, the use of "spoiler warnings" seem to incite civil war within Wikipedia. Need the help from a veteran on this small point, thanks.74.244.63.126 17:43, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, as of right now, anything gathered from Origins #17 can't go into the article anyway. Including information taken from it violates the WP:Crystal policy. According to Marvel.com, the issue isn't set to be released until this Wednesday. Wikipedia isn't meant to be a crystal ball, hence the name of the policy. What the policy means, in a nutshell, is that information taken out of a comic book that hasn't been released violates the policy.Odin's Beard 23:00, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

 * My bad.74.244.63.126 22:01, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * No problem. I've been contributing here for over two years and I still don't have all the jillions of article policies completely squared away.Odin's Beard 22:50, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

TRP:... he never does anything computronic - that cyber is the sword of beowulf - that this is the invention of the phoenix | peace --- it is IF that someone or something from an IF verse called CYBERPEACE would reinvent him ~... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.139.113.170 (talk) 10:42, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Pic
We need a new pic, one that doesn't feature three characters. Lots42 (talk) 06:08, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

Cyber in Hell
If Cyber is depicted by artist Jae Lee in the cover art of WOLVERINE (2010) #5 as residing in Hell alongside other "officially dead" Marvel characters, isn't that noteworthy enough to at least mention as his current status? Also on the cover are a HYDRA soldier, the Gorgon, Sabretooth, Wolverine, Mariko Yashida, Omega Red, and a Hellfire Club soldier.

Can we agree that the guy is dead, at least? FA Shotgun (talk) 23:26, 29 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cyber (Marvel Comics)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Spore (mythology)

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE. dbenbenn | talk 03:15, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Spore (mythology)
It appears that this request for deletion wasn't properly completed. The original text of the request was:
 * Delete - no such thing as Polish mythology and the entry lacks any source backup. [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 15:55, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

Just completing the VFD nomination that Halibutt started. The article was started in 2003 and hasn't been significantly expanded since then. If it isn't expanded soon, it should be deleted. slambo 20:17, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. Perfectly good, factual, notable, encyclopedic stub. Polish mythology redirects to Slavic mythology, and lo and behold, spore (mythology) can be found there.--Centauri 21:46, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable - 160 Google hits (Polish mythology + spore) with those being a majority of mirrored articles. Megan1967 01:49, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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John Houstoun

John Houstoun (August 31, 1744 – July 20, 1796) was an American lawyer and statesman from Savannah, Georgia. He was one of the original Sons of Liberty and also a delegate for Georgia in the Second Continental Congress in 1775. He was the Governor of Georgia, in 1778, and again in 1784–1785.

Personal life
John was born to aristocratic Scots immigrants in St. George's Parish, near modern Waynesboro and the eastern border of Georgia. His parents were Sir Patrick (Baronet) and Priscilla (Dunbar) Houstoun. His father served as the registrar of land grants for the Georgia Colony and the collector of quit-rents (a permanent annual tax on each grant). John was educated in Savannah and read law there. He was admitted to the bar and started a law practice in Savannah.

Houstoun married Hannah Bryan, whose father Jonathan was a wealthy Savannah merchant. They built their home, White Bluff, about nine miles (14 km) northwest of Savannah. The couple had no children.

Revolutionary years
Houstoun was a successful lawyer, and was appointed to the Governor's Council by James Wright. But in 1774, Houstoun was one of the founders of the nascent revolutionary government in Georgia. He joined with Archibald Bulloch and others to form a Committee of Correspondence in support of the residents of Boston suffering the effects of the Boston Port Act. The committee went on to create formal protests against other measures brought about by the Intolerable Acts.

That same year, John was a representative in the rebel Provincial Congress of Georgia, and they named him as a delegate to the First Continental Congress. He declined, since fewer than half the counties were represented in the Provincial Congress. By 1775 this defect was remedied and he accepted that appointment. In Congress, he was a strong supporter of the movement toward independence, but resisted the non-importation agreements because of their negative effects on the southern colonies.

He was reappointed to the national congress in 1776, but did not attend. He stayed at home to work with the Committee of Safety to thwart the loyalist efforts of the popular preacher and loyalist, John Zubly. Early in 1778, he was elected as the second revolutionary Governor of Georgia also being the first governor of Georgia to be born in Georgia. That same year, he took charge of the Georgia militia in an abortive attempt to seize the British post of St. Augustine, Florida. His disagreements with the Continental Army commander, Robert Howe, contributed greatly to the failure of the expedition. When the British, in response, captured Savannah on December 29, Houstoun was forced into hiding.

Creek Indians raided plantations and carried slaves off from within a few miles of Savannah. The "daily depredations" of these raiding groups, Governor Houstoun wrote, "almost at our very Town-Gates, threaten us with certain ruin unless some remedy is applied."

Houstoun lived in the Houstoun–Johnson–Screven House, at 32 Abercorn Street, which was built around 1784. The home was demolished in 1920 to make way for the Lucas Theatre.

Later career
After the surrender at Yorktown, the British abandoned Savannah in 1782. Houstoun returned home, taking a seat in the Georgia House of Representatives, where he briefly served as Speaker in 1783. He then was elected to another one-year term as governor in 1784.

Houstoun pushed for more access to the Indian Country. "Formerly when the people of Pensacola and Mobile were one and the same with Us, we did not carry on trade with you from this Country, and then there was no Occasion to ask a Path thro’ the Creek Nation." Since the Spanish controlled Florida, he wanted more east-west trade routes. The Creeks declined to grant the Choctaws access to the Georgia traders.

On September 28, 1784 Governor John Houstoun granted four 5000 acre tracts of vacant land in Franklin county, Georgia to French Vice Admiral d'Estaing and his heirs. The four bountyland grants totaling 20,000 acres were subsequently registered on June 13, 1785.

In 1790 he became the first elected Mayor of Savannah, and in 1791 was appointed a justice of the Superior Court of Georgia. After 1792 he served as president of the Chatham Academy.

Legacy
Houstoun died at his home, White Bluff, just outside Savannah on July 20, 1796. Houston County in central Georgia was named for him. The variation in spelling is typical of early nineteenth century orthography.

title: John Houstoun


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1955 in rail transport

January events

 * January
 * Louisville and Nashville Railroad begins the merger process with the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway.
 * The Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway's mainline (485 miles of track) is now completely under CTC.
 * January 21 - The Milwaukee Road discontinues the western segment of the Columbian, a Chicago - Tacoma, Washington passenger train.
 * January 21 - O. Winston Link starts 5-year personal project to document steam operations on the Norfolk and Western Railway in the United States using flash photography.
 * January 23 - Sutton Coldfield train disaster, England: a passenger train rounds a sharp curve too fast and derails; 17 people die as a result.
 * January 24 - British Transport Commission produces a report on Modernisation and Re-Equipment of British Railways which proposes the large-scale replacement of the steam locomotive by diesel and electrification together with major resignalling projects.

February events

 * February 9 - Rome Metro opens in Italy.

March events

 * March 3 - The Pennsylvania Railroad runs its first “TrucTrain” piggyback train from Chicago to Kearny, NJ, the first time the Pennsylvania has carried trailers of common carrier trucking companies on its flatcars.
 * March 15 - The first section of Cleveland's “Rapid” opens from Cleveland Union Terminal to Windermere.
 * March 17 - Locomotive builders Vulcan Foundry and its subsidiary Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns are absorbed into the English Electric group.
 * March 28 & 29 - SNCF in France sets a new world rail speed record of 331 km/h using 1800/2000V dc electric traction. The track is severely damaged by the passage of the train.

April events

 * April – Ferrovias Central of Peru opens a spur line from La Cima to Volcán Mine, reaching an (at this time) world record altitude of 4830 m (15,848 ft).
 * April 3 – A passenger train plunges into a canyon in Guadalajara, Mexico; 300 are killed.
 * April 23 – Regular passenger service ends on the Canadian Pacific Electric Lines, Canadian Pacific's interurban system in Ontario's Grand River Valley.
 * April 24
 * Canadian Pacific Railway inaugurates The Canadian passenger train between Montreal, Quebec / Toronto, Ontario and Vancouver, British Columbia.
 * Canadian National Railway inaugurates the Super Continental passenger train between Montreal, Quebec / Toronto, Ontario and Vancouver, British Columbia.

May events

 * May - ALCO S-6 diesel-electric B-B switcher locomotive introduced.
 * May 12 - Manhattan's last elevated railroad becomes history as the NYCTA cuts back the Third Avenue El from Chatham Square in Lower Manhattan to 149th Street, Bronx.
 * May 22 - Los Angeles Transit Lines streetcar service ends on five lines: F, 5, 7, 8, and 9.
 * May 28 - Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen in UK calls a strike which continues until June 14, leading to a state of emergency being declared on May 31.
 * May 29 - The Norfolk and Western Railway in the United States begins its conversion to diesel locomotive power from a purely steam locomotive roster with the purchase of eight ALCO RS-3s.

June events

 * June 19 - The Pacific Electric Glendale–Burbank Line interurban ends service in Los Angeles. The Hollywood Subway also closes.

July events

 * July 14 - The Federal from Washington, D.C. to Boston, MA derails in Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA, killing the engineer.
 * July 17 - "Santa Fe & Disneyland Railroad" (3 ft (914 mm) gauge) opens as part of the Disneyland theme part at Anaheim, California.
 * July 23 - Ffestiniog Railway in North Wales (587 mm) gauge) reopens as a preserved railway.
 * July 25 - The New York City Subway system begins using tokens.
 * July 27 - Canadian National Railway opens the branch between Hillsport and Manitouwadge, Ontario.
 * July 30 - English poet Philip Larkin makes a train journey from Hull to Grantham which inspires his poem The Whitsun Weddings.

August events

 * August 9 - Canadian National Railway opens its part of Walkley Yard in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
 * August 22 - Spring City, Tennessee, United States: a school bus driver disregards a crossing signal and the bus is struck by a freight train. 11 dead (all school children), 39 hurt.
 * August 31 - The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad begins experiments with air conditioning on its subway cars, a technology that the New York City Subway system declared impractical before then. This experiment results in the first successful production application of air conditioning in a rapid transit car, 50 cars (20 owned by H&M, 30 by H&M parent PRR) built by St. Louis Car Company in 1958.

September events

 * September - Delivery by Metropolitan-Vickers of CIÉ 'A' Class, the first production mainline diesels in Ireland.
 * September 25 - Canadian Pacific Railway introduces The Atlantic Limited as a limited stop express passenger service from Windsor Station in Montreal, Quebec to Union Station in Saint John, New Brunswick. The named train replaces previous numbered trains and uses a pool of equipment that includes new stainless steel Budd Company cars purchased for The Canadian. Despite running between two Canadian cities, this service is international, since this CPR route runs across the state of Maine (see: International Railway of Maine).

October events

 * October 16 - Ceremonial last day of steam locomotives on the Long Island Rail Road.
 * October 30 - The Union Pacific Railroad's Overland Route passenger trains shift from the Chicago and North Western Railway to the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (the "Milwaukee Road") east of Council Bluffs, Iowa.

November events

 * November - Prototype Deltic diesel locomotive enters service on British Railways.
 * 3 November - New Zealand Government Railways replaces Rimutaka Incline by opening of the Rimutaka Tunnel on the Wairarapa Line, at 8.79 km (5.46 mi) the longest in the Southern Hemisphere at this time.  The line becomes the first in New Zealand to be wholly dieselised.
 * 5 November - Racial segregation is outlawed on trains and buses in Interstate commerce in the United States.
 * 15 November - Leningrad Metro opens in Russia.
 * 20 November - Milton rail crash: a passenger train takes a crossover too fast and derails at Milton, near Didcot, England. 11 killed, 157 injured

December events

 * 2 December - Barnes rail crash, Barnes, South London, England: collision due to signal error and consequent fire. 13 killed, 35 injured
 * 4 December - İstanbul Commuter Railway opened.

Unknown date events

 * Trans-Mongolian Railway is completed to Erenhot on the Chinese border.
 * Dome cars are added to the City of Los Angeles as regular equipment.
 * Last steam locomotives built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in the United States, Indian Railways standard gauge 2-8-2 goods locomotives to Class WG.
 * American Locomotive Company is renamed to Alco Products, Inc.
 * Ramses Station, Cairo (Egyptian National Railways) is refurbished.
 * Norris Roy Crump succeeds George Walker as president of Canadian Pacific Railway.

March births

 * March 1 - Peter Zars, the first on-train birth aboard the California Zephyr passenger train (while the train passes through Ruby Canyon).

July births

 * July 22 - Richard J. Corman, founder and owner of R.J. Corman Railroad Group, is born (died 2013).

March deaths

 * March 15 - William R. Coe, chief executive officer of Virginian Railway during World War II (born 1869).

June deaths

 * June 5 - C. P. Couch, president of KCS 1939-1941 (born 1890).

title: 1955 in rail transport


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Dan Haren

Daniel John Haren (born September 17, 1980) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Haren played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Oakland Athletics, Arizona Diamondbacks, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Washington Nationals, Los Angeles Dodgers, Miami Marlins, and Chicago Cubs. He now serves as a pitching strategist with the Diamondbacks.

Haren starred for the baseball teams at Bishop Amat High School and Pepperdine University before the Cardinals selected him in the second round of the 2001 MLB draft. After he made his MLB debut in 2003, the Cardinals traded him to the Athletics to get Mark Mulder. After his first All-Star season in 2007, the Athletics traded him to the Diamondbacks for prospects. After appearing in two more All-Star Games in 2008 and 2009, the Diamondbacks traded him to the Angels during the 2010 season for Joe Saunders and pitching prospects. A free agent after the 2012 season, he pitched for the Nationals in 2013, and then signed with the Dodgers for the 2014 season. The Dodgers traded Haren to Miami after the 2014 season. On July 31, 2015, Haren was traded to the Chicago Cubs for two minor league prospects.

Haren is one of a small number of MLB pitchers to have beaten all 30 Major League teams. Although he was never a particularly well-known player, Haren finished his career with three All Star game appearances and the seventh best strikeout-to-walk ratio in major league history.

Early life
Daniel John Haren was born on September 17, 1980, in Monterey Park, California. Haren attended Bishop Amat High School in La Puente, California, where he played for the school's baseball team as a first baseman. He was named All-San Gabriel Valley.

College career
After he graduated from Bishop Amat, Haren enrolled at Pepperdine University in Malibu, California, on a college baseball scholarship. Playing for the Pepperdine Waves baseball team, he was selected as West Coast Conference (WCC) Freshman of the Year in 1999. As a sophomore in 2000, Haren had an 8-5 win–loss record and a 3.08 earned run average (ERA). In the 2001 season, his junior year, Haren posted a 2.22 ERA in 17 starts, while teammate Noah Lowry posted a 1.71 ERA in 18 starts. Haren was named WCC Player of the Year and Lowry was Pitcher of the Year. Haren also was a Second team College All-America. The teammates skipped their senior seasons, and Lowry was taken in the first round (30th overall) by the San Francisco Giants and Haren was taken in the second round (72nd overall) by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2001 Major League Baseball draft.

Draft and minor leagues
Haren made his professional debut with the New Jersey Cardinals in 2001 and was 3–3 with a 3.10 ERA in 12 appearances, with eight starts. He also struck out 57 while only walking eight. He then made 28 starts in A-ball in 2002 for the Peoria Chiefs and Potomac Cannons, finishing with a combined ERA of 2.74. He started 2003 in Double-A with the Tennessee Smokies, but was promoted after eight starts to the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds. He was a combined 8–1 with a 2.68 ERA in 16 starts in 2003, with 84 strikeouts and was selected as the Cardinals minor league pitcher of the year.

St. Louis Cardinals (2003–2004)
Haren made his major league debut at the age of 22, on June 30, 2003. He was the starting pitcher against the San Francisco Giants and allowed four runs (two earned) in six innings to pick up the loss. He recorded his first Major League win with a six-inning start where he allowed only one run against the Los Angeles Dodgers on July 19. After finishing 2003 with a 5.08 ERA for the Cardinals in 14 starts, he was sent back down to AAA Memphis for the 2004 season. He received a late-season call-up, and made five appearances in the postseason for the Cardinals, including two in the World Series. The Cardinals were swept by the Boston Red Sox, but Haren pitched well, tossing 4$2⁄3$ scoreless innings.

Oakland Athletics (2005–2007)
After the 2004 season, the Cardinals traded Haren in a package that included right-handed reliever Kiko Calero and top hitting prospect Daric Barton to the Oakland Athletics for Mark Mulder. Haren went 14–12 with a 3.73 ERA in his first full season as a major leaguer.

In 2005, Haren finished in the top 10 in the American League in the following categories: innings pitched (217, ninth place), strikeouts (163, sixth place), and complete games (three, fourth place).

Furthermore, in 2007, Haren had one of the best seasons among any pitcher in the majors. Haren finished in the top ten in the American League in wins, with 15, strikeouts, with 192, innings pitched, with $222 2/3$, strikeout to walk ratio, with 3.49, and finished in the top three in the AL in ERA with 3.07. In 2007, he was also selected to start the MLB All Star Game.

Arizona Diamondbacks (2008–2010)
On December 14, 2007, Haren was traded to the Arizona Diamondbacks, along with Connor Robertson, for prospects including Carlos González, Brett Anderson, Aaron Cunningham, Greg Smith, Dana Eveland, and Chris Carter. In his first season with the Diamondbacks he was selected to the 2008 All-Star game at Yankee Stadium along with his teammate, Brandon Webb. He finished 2008 with a 3.33 ERA to go along with a 16–8 win–loss record, and a career-high 206 strikeouts in 216 innings. His strikeout to walk ratio of 5.15 was the best in the National League, trailing only Roy Halladay

On August 6, 2008, Haren agreed to a four-year, $44.75 million contract with a team option for the 2013 season. Haren was also selected as a 2009 NL All-Star, representing the Diamondbacks along with Justin Upton. Haren finished the year with a record of 14–10, 3.14 ERA, and 223 strikeouts in $229 1/3$ innings, throwing three complete games in 33 starts. He once again led the National League with a strikeout to walk ratio of 5.87, and ranked third in total number of strikeouts and ninth in strikeouts per nine innings (8.75 K/9). His 1.003 WHIP was the best mark in the big leagues.

In 2009, he was named #33 on the Sporting News' list of the 50 greatest current players in baseball. A panel of 100 baseball people, many of them members of the Baseball Hall of Fame and winners of major baseball awards, was polled to arrive at the list. He began the 2010 season with a 7–8 record and a 4.60 ERA through July 25.

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2010–2012)
On July 25, 2010, the Diamondbacks traded Haren to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim for starting pitcher Joe Saunders, and minor league pitchers Rafael Rodríguez, Patrick Corbin, and Tyler Skaggs. In 13 games with the Angels to close out the 2010 season, Haren went 5–4 with 75 strikeouts and a 2.87 ERA. His final numbers for the entire season were a 12–12 record, 3.91 ERA, 216 strikeouts and 235 innings in 35 starts.

2011 saw a rebound from Haren, as he pitched to a 16–11 record with a 3.17 ERA in 35 games (34 starts). He struck out 192 in $238 1/3$ innings and led the American League with a 5.82 strikeout to walk ratio, while throwing a career high four complete games (three shutouts).

On May 24, 2012, Haren recorded a career-high 14 strikeouts in a complete-game shutout against the Seattle Mariners in Seattle, allowing four hits in a 3–0 victory. On November 2, 2012, after an attempt to trade him to the Chicago Cubs for Carlos Mármol fell through, the Angels declined Haren's $15.5 million option, instead buying it out for $3.5 million, and he became a free agent.

Washington Nationals (2013)
On December 7, 2012, Haren signed a one-year, $13 million contract with the Washington Nationals. After his June 22, 2013, start against the Colorado Rockies, Haren owned a major league-worst 6.15 ERA amongst qualified starters. He had also given up a league-leading number of home runs with 19 home runs surrendered through 15 starts.

Haren was placed on the 15-day disabled list on June 25 with right shoulder inflammation. He later explained that the disabled list stint was more for "mental reasons than physical reasons," as he was lonely with his family remaining in California. Haren finished the 2013 season 10–14 with a 4.67 ERA. After starting the season with a 4–11 record and a 5.79 ERA in his first 18 games, he finished the season with a 6–3 record and a 3.14 ERA in his final 13 games.

Los Angeles Dodgers (2014)
On November 25, 2013, Haren signed to a one-year, $10 million deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers. The deal included a vesting option for 2015, which became a player option when he pitched 180 innings in 2014. Haren started the season strong, winning five of his first six decisions. However, around the all-star break he had a brief stretch where he pitched poorly, losing five straight starts from July 5 to August 1. He turned it around again and pitched well down the stretch. He finished with a record of 13–11 and an ERA of 4.02 in 32 starts for the Dodgers in 2014. For the year, he finished second in the league in home runs allowed with 27.

After the season, Haren exercised his player option for the 2015 season. Regarding rumors that the Dodgers might trade him, Haren said he only wanted to pitch in Los Angeles, either for the Dodgers or the Angels, and that he had "no interest" in playing for anyone else.

Miami Marlins (2015)
On December 10, 2014, the Dodgers traded Haren, Dee Gordon, and Miguel Rojas, to the Miami Marlins in exchange for Andrew Heaney, Chris Hatcher, Austin Barnes, and Enrique Hernández. He voiced his preference to pitch for a team on the West Coast. Although it was reported that Haren had requested a trade, he reported to spring training with the Marlins and denied having requested a trade.

Chicago Cubs (2015)
On July 31, 2015, the Marlins traded Haren to the Chicago Cubs for minor leaguers Elliot Soto and Ivan Pineyro. Haren announced he would retire after the 2015 season. Haren stated, "If I don't pitch in the postseason, that's it. It's been fun. Hopefully there's a lot more games to go. If my name is called, I'll be ready." Between the Marlins and Cubs, Haren went 11–9 with a 3.60 ERA in 32 starts.

Pitching style
Haren threw an 89 – four-seam fastball, an 89 – two-seam fastball, a sharp 84 – split-finger fastball, and a 76 – spike curve. Haren had also added and relied heavily upon an 85 – cut fastball, which he added in 2008 and had credited with rejuvenating his career. The cut fastball made up more than half of his pitch selection to right-handed hitters, with his fastballs and occasional split-finger fastball filling up most of the rest. Against lefties, Haren mixed all of his pitches but used his two-seam fastball the most. His curveball was a change-of-pace pitch, and not a main weapon; he didn't throw it much to right-handers or in two-strike counts. By contrast, he threw about half of his splitters with two strikes.

Haren usually had a slow pitching delivery, highlighted by a slight pause in the middle of his windup, that he sped up with runners on base. His pitching style was often dubbed a "chess match" by reporters and announcers (particularly Daron Sutton and Mark Grace of the Diamondbacks' announcing team) due to his ability to change speeds and throw nearly any pitch in any count (and often throw pitches in succession, i.e., four straight breaking balls), often going against scouting reports, making it particularly difficult to hit him.

Personal life
Haren grew up in West Covina, California. He is of Irish and Mexican descent. He and his wife have two children, and live in Orange County, California.

In December 2016, the Diamondbacks hired Haren as a special pitching assistant, applying sabermetrics and other baseball analytics. His current title with the organization is pitching strategist.

title: Dan Haren


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Banana boat

Banana boat may refer to:

Aircraft

 * "Banana Boat", nickname for Consolidated B-24 Liberator, an American World War II bomber

Vessels

 * Banana boat (aircraft carrier), an informal RAF slang term
 * Banana boat (boat), an unpowered recreational boat
 * Banana boat (ship), a ship whose primary role is the transportation of bananas as cargo

Art, entertainment, and media

 * Banana Boat, a Polish a cappella group created in 1994
 * "Day-O (The Banana Boat Song)", a 1956 traditional Jamaican folk song
 * Banana Boat, an alternate slang term related to the phrase Fresh off the boat for newly arrived immigrants
 * Banana Boat Team, the nickname for the group of NBA players Carmelo Anthony, LeBron James, Chris Paul and Dwyane Wade

Brands and enterprises

 * Banana Boat, a brand of sunscreen manufactured by Sun Pharmaceuticals Corp, a subsidiary of Edgewell Personal Care

Food, drink, and related items

 * Banana boat (food), a campfire dish consisting of a banana stuffed with marshmallow and chocolate
 * Banana boat, a liqueur-based cocktail
 * Banana boat, a dish used to serve the banana split dessert

title: Banana boat


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Talk:Pope Leo VIII

Untitled
What famous encyclopedia?

--

In the List of popes, Leo VIII:s predecessor is Benedict V and successor John XIII. The respective articles seem to state Leo's term as antipope as his true papacy, and thus name the predeccors and successors in other order. Is this a tradition ? --Kummi 20:27, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 02:06, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Saeculum obscurum
Did this Pope really serve during the Saeculum obscurum? According to the entry on that period, he did not. Sabre ball t c 19:10, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

Add public domain(?) recording of pope
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IVQ-1t92hA&t=2s

Considering how old the source of this video is, is it in the public domain? It would be a great addition to this article Corevette (talk) 19:14, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pope Leo VIII


text: Category:American computer scientists

title: Category:American computer scientists


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Talk:Facilitation (organisational)

I found it interesting that this page focuses on meeting facilitation. Generally the practice of facilitation is applied to a much wider range of group interactions.

Good morning, User 216.254.22.58. Why don't you edit the Facilitation article to bring in the wider range of application? Cheers! User: Thseamon Dec. 20, 2004

I agree with this comment. Also, facilitated decision making may involve aspects other than concensus.

I agree with the comment about broadening the decision-making aspect to include more than consensus I would also like to see the comment about "impartial" facilitation removed because while this is true for many instances of facilitation it is certainly not true for all. COCoFacilitation (talk) 17:51, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

= Group process patterns =

There is an interesting wiki-based project that attempts to name and describe the processes that are used in group facilitation. See Group Pattern Language for a summary of such patterns with associated pictures. Please consider adding this (or a similar) link to the external links section. (I'm not adding it because I'm not a expert on this topic.) VoteFair (talk) 21:24, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

Removing business-centric title for this general article on meeting facilitation
I'm wondering what the process is for changing the (business) term associated this general description of meeting facilitation to something like (meetings) which I think is more general and appropriate for the content of this article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by COCoFacilitation (talk • contribs) 17:38, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I would support such a change as much facilitation occurs in non profit, state, and voluntary sectors and the term business is misleading and a bit vague. The names Facilitation (meetings) ,and Facilitation (group process) suggest themselves. Lumos3 (talk) 22:46, 24 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Couldn't agree more with this proposal, in fact, the notion of business facilitation can mean something else not related to group process facilitation and both would be different professional activities.

I also would propose to remove the Warning on lack of references as this was addressed already. Who would be so kind to proceed with this? Nunesdea (talk) 17:52, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Have moved to Facilitation (organisational) because it's not just used in business/commercial settings. "Organisational" because there are elements of the role that are not just entirely about the meeting. --MilkMiruku (talk) 17:02, 20 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Facilitation (organisational)