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Torture Squad

Torture Squad is a Brazilian death/thrash metal band, founded in 1990.

History
Three years after being founded in 1990, the band entered a more professional phase, in a line-up with founder Cristiano Fusco on guitar, Wagner "Castor" on bass, Amilcar Christofaro on drums, and Vitor Rodrigues as frontman and singer. They started touring in and around São Paulo and soon recorded a demo, released in 1993, A Soul in Hell. Their first CD was Shivering (1995); their break-through came with Asylum of Shadows (1999).

Their 2001 album, The Unholy Spell, came right after the band's first tour in Germany. In 2002, Cristiano Fusco left the band, and the band hired Mauricio Nogueira (a seasoned studio musician who played for Krisiun as well as other local bands like In Hell and Zoltar), and went on their first Brazilian tour.

Pandemonium produced by Marcello Pompeu and Heros Trench (Korzus) was released in 2003. The CD was supported by a TV video clip for "Pandemonium" and "Horror and Torture." Again, the band played all over Brazil. Then, in 2006 Torture Squad embarked on a European tour, headlining in 16 towns in Germany and 4 in Austria. Afterward they played in more cities in Brazil until they participated in the Brazilian pre-selection for the famed Wacken Open Air festival. They eventually won the final in São Paulo, and they represented Brazil at Wacken Battle of the Bands 2007, which they won. This victory won them a contract with Armageddon Records (Germany); Mauricio Nogueira also won the "best guitar player" award, which earned him a brand new Dean guitar and a Marshall pre-amp.

Hellbound, was released in May 2008 by Armageddon, not long after Mauricio Nogueira left the band for personal reasons and Augusto Lopes (Eternal Malediction) was announced as the new guitarist. In 2008, Torture Squad embarked on a 60-date European tour, which will include a show at Wacken Open Air.

The year of 2009 started pretty well for Torture Squad. After the release of Hellbound and its excellent repercussion in Brazil, Europe and the United States, it was followed by a European tour with two of the world's major thrash metal bands, Overkill and Exodus. The tour began in mid February in London, where the Brazilian group performed for the first time, and included 12 more shows in countries like Spain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the Czech Republic.

Their album “AEquilibrium” was released in Europe in August 2010 by Wacken Records / H'art / Zebralution / SAOL. They recorded a new version for the title track of their third album “The Unholy Spell” which is included as bonus track with the title of “The Unholy Spell 2010”. The album was recorded in São Paulo/Brazil, at Norcal Studios with producers Brendan Duffey and Adriano Daga.

In January 2011, guitarist Augusto Lopes left the band and was replaced by André Evaristo. Even with the line up changing, the band did not stop, remaining on the road until July of the same year. One month later, the band crossed the ocean again, for the European part of the Æquilibrium Tour 2011, with more than 40 concerts in 12 countries until the end of October, including the third concert on the German festival Wacken Open Air, turning Torture Squad into the only Brazilian band to play three times at the festival.

In March 2012, the frontman Vitor Rodrigues left the band. Soon after that, the band turned out to be a power trio with André Evaristo taking the lead vocals along with the guitar. With this line up they played with important concerts and festivals in South America, which is held in Quito city, the capital city of Ecuador, for an approximate audience of 25,000 people.

In 2013, the band celebrated the 20th anniversary of the release of the demo-tape A Soul in Hell, their first studio recording, which was celebrated in the Twenty Years Torturing People Tour 1993–2013, that started in May in Europe, alongside Artillery, Gama Bomb and Tantara, with 18 concerts in 20 days. From April to August, 2013, the band chose, again, Norcal Studios to record their seventh studio album, Esquadrão de Tortura (Torture Squad in Portuguese), and reprising the association with Brendan Duffey and Adriano Daga as producers. Esquadrão de Torture was the first work recorded by the band as a trio and the first lyrical concept album, narrating, in chronological order, the period in which Brazil was governed by a military regime (from 1964 to 1985), being also the first album to have a title in Portuguese. The official release date was November 15, Brazil's Republic Proclamation Day.

In July and August 2014, the band did their second South American tour with thirteen shows in four countries; Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Paraguay. Finishing the year in their hometown São Paulo / SP on December, 20, recording its show which was released in mid 2015 on DVD and CD and titled “Coup d´État Live”. In September 2015, vocalist / guitarist André Evaristo left Torture Squad to pursue other personal projects, bringing the band back to its traditional line-up as a quartet featuring Mayara “Undead” Puertas on vocals and Rene Simionato on guitars, continuing the tour of “Coup D´État Live”. Already with their new line up, the band went to studio to record the EP “Return of Evil”, with four songs: the new “Return of Evil”, “Swallow Your Reality” and “Iron Squad”, and the new version of “Dreadful Lies”, originally released in the 1998 first album Shivering. The EP will also had a multimedia track with the video clip of “Return of the Evil” and a mini documentary of the EP recording sessions, and the videos of “Dreadful Lies” and “Iron Squad” exclusively made for the EP, which was released in February 2016.

In September 2016, the band made a historic tour in Brazil playing 28 gigs in 32 days throughout the country from north to south. Soon after the Brazilian tour, the band did a European tour comprising 19 gigs in seven countries. The Return of Evil tour finished in February 2017, doing 13 shows during 16 days in the country side of São Paulo and Paraná.

In April 2017, the band started the recording of their eighth album entitled Far Beyond Existence released on July 13 (World Rock Day). In August 2017, they started the Far Beyond Existence Tour as headliner, alongside Brazilian bands Hatefulmurder, Warcursed and Reckoning Hour, performing 26 shows in 30 days all over Brazil. In November, after seven years, the band returned to Buenos Aires / Argentina for a mini tour of four dates.

Starting the year 2018, the band returned to the road. The "Zumbis Squad Tour" undertook eight shows in the country side of São Paulo in February. In March, the band made another South American tour, playing in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile.

Discography
Demo
 * A Soul in Hell (1993)

Studio albums
 * Shivering (1995)
 * Asylum of Shadows (1999)
 * The Unholy Spell (2001)
 * Pandemonium (2003)
 * Hellbound (2008)
 * Æquilibrium (2010)
 * Esquadrão de Tortura (2013)
 * Far Beyond Existence (2017)
 * Devilish (2023)

Live albums
 * Death, Chaos and Torture Alive (2004)
 * Coup D´État Live (2015)

EPs
 * Chaos Corporation (2007)
 * Possessed by Horror (2015)
 * Return of Evil (2016)
 * Unknown Abyss (2021)

Compilation
 * Torture Squad (2017)
 * Torture Years (2019)

Videography

 * Death, Chaos and Torture Alive (2004)
 * Coup D´État Live (2015)

Current members

 * Mayara Puertas (2015–present) - Vocals
 * Rene Simionato (2015–present) - Guitars
 * Castor (1993–present) - Bass, Backing vocals
 * Amílcar Christófaro (1993–present) - Drums

Former members

 * André Evaristo (2011-2015) - Guitars; (2012-2015) - Guitar, Vocals
 * Vitor Rodrigues (1993–2012) - Vocal
 * Augusto Lopes (2008–2011) - Guitars
 * Mauricio Nogueira (2002–2008) - Guitars
 * Cristiano Fusco (1990–2002) - Guitars
 * Marcelo Fusco (1990–1993) - Drums
 * Marcelo Dirceu (1990–1993) - Bass, Vocals
 * Fúlvio Pelli (1993) - Guitars

title: Torture Squad


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Masahiro Sakurai

Masahiro Sakurai (桜井 政博) is a Japanese video game director and game designer best known as the creator of the Kirby and Super Smash Bros. series. Apart from his work on those series, he also led the design of Meteos in 2005 and directed Kid Icarus: Uprising in 2012.

Formerly an employee of HAL Laboratory, Sakurai left the company in 2003 and in 2005 with his wife Michiko Sakurai (also ex-HAL Laboratory) founded their company Sora Ltd. (有限会社ソラ), under which they work on a freelance basis. He was also an author of a weekly column for Famitsu magazine from 2003 to 2021, and has done voice acting work in some of his games, most notably providing the voice of King Dedede in Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards and the Super Smash Bros. series. Since 2022, Sakurai has been creating videos for his YouTube channel, Masahiro Sakurai on Creating Games, where he discusses game design and his career.

Career
Masahiro Sakurai was born on August 3, 1970, in Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan. One of Sakurai's earliest experiences in the video game industry began when he worked for HAL Laboratory, where he created the character Kirby at age 19 and directed his first title, Kirby's Dream Land.

Sakurai left HAL on August 5, 2003, after growing tired of the sequelization passively forced by HAL, ending his work on the Kirby series. "It was tough for me to see that every time I made a new game, people automatically assumed that a sequel was coming," Sakurai commented, in an interview with Nintendo Dream, two weeks after he resigned from HAL. He explained that, "even if it's a sequel, lots of people have to give their all to make a game, but some people think the sequel process happens naturally".

Soon after, Sakurai began working on a project with Q Entertainment, along with Tetsuya Mizuguchi. This collaboration resulted in Meteos in 2005, a puzzle game for the Nintendo DS. On September 30, 2005, Sakurai announced that he had formed his own company, Sora Ltd. Two games were announced to be in development but no information on the titles had been divulged. As for the future of the Super Smash Bros. series, Nintendo and HAL Laboratory president Satoru Iwata, during Nintendo's E3 2005 press conference, promised an online iteration of the game would come to the Nintendo Wii.

In issue #885 of Famitsu magazine, Sakurai revealed that he would be serving as a director and game designer on Super Smash Bros. Brawl for the Wii. Super Smash Bros. Brawl was released in 2008, after personnel borrowed from 19 different developer studios assisted in development. Sakurai had been updating daily the Super Smash Bros Brawl website called the Smash Bros. Dojo. Starting a year previous the release, he revealed Brawl secrets and gameplay content through the site. The Smash Bros. Dojo had regular updates from May 22, 2007, to April 14, 2008.

On the final day of updates, it was revealed that Sakurai provided the voice for King Dedede in Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards as well as Dedede in Super Smash Bros. Brawl. He and his company, Sora Ltd. alongside Nintendo, started a first-party studio, Project Sora, which was 72% owned by Nintendo and 28% owned by Sora Ltd. It was revealed at E3 2010 that Sakurai and Project Sora were working on Kid Icarus: Uprising for the Nintendo 3DS. Project Sora was closed and ended development on June 30, 2012. At E3 2011, Nintendo announced that Sakurai was working on Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. Sakurai began development of the title upon the release of Kid Icarus: Uprising in March 2012.

In February 2013, Sakurai was diagnosed with calcific tendinitis near his right shoulder, which caused him substantial pain whenever he moved his arm. He mentioned that this could effectively slow down his work, as he does some of his game testing himself. Sakurai's wife, Michiko, has worked on the graphical user interface for many of his games, including Kirby Air Ride, Meteos, and the Super Smash Bros. series.

In a January 2015 column in Weekly Famitsu, Sakurai alluded to the possibility of retirement, expressing doubt that he would be able to continue making games if his career continued to be as stressful as it was. In December 2015, Sakurai once again stated that he was not sure if there would be another game in the Smash Bros. series, prior to Super Smash Bros. Ultimate being released in 2018 with Sakurai once again as director.

On March 14, 2022, Sakurai was awarded Best Creator by Weekly Famitsu. Sakurai also announced that he is working on a new project not related to game production.

Masahiro Sakurai on Creating Games
Sakurai launched Masahiro Sakurai on Creating Games, a YouTube channel in both English and Japanese in August 2022. The channel's videos are focused on game development and design as well as his career. He stated that the channel was founded because he wanted to reach more people with his lessons after being asked to lecture at schools. Sakurai additionally noted that other venues for lessons from game developers, such as the Game Developers Conference, focused on more advanced, technical details, rather than more basic principles. Less than a day after its launch, the English edition of his channel gained over 200,000 subscribers. The opening and ending jingles for the channel were composed by Yuzo Koshiro.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Masahiro Sakurai


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Talk:Dynamic range compression/to do

 * Clarify difference between non-linear transfer methods and "locally linear" variable gain methods, since both seem to be valid for various definitions of compression, expansion, limiting, and companding. Clipping is definitely non-linear transfer function, but others can be either.
 * Add images and information referred to on talk page discussions.

title: Talk:Dynamic range compression/to do


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User guide

A user guide, also commonly known as a user manual, is intended to assist users in using a particular product, service or application. It's usually written by a technician, product developer, or a company's customer service staff.

Most user guides contain both a written guide and associated images. In the case of computer applications, it is usual to include screenshots of the human-machine interface(s), and hardware manuals often include clear, simplified diagrams. The language used is matched to the intended audience, with jargon kept to a minimum or explained thoroughly.

Contents of a user manual
The sections of a user manual often include:
 * A cover page
 * A title page and copyright page
 * A preface, containing details of related documents and information on how to navigate the user guide
 * A contents page
 * A Purpose section. This should be an overview rather than detail the objective of the document
 * An Audience section to explicitly state who is the intended audience who is required to read, including optionals
 * A Scope section is crucial as it also serves as a disclaimer, stating what is out-of-scope as well as what is covered
 * A guide on how to use at least the main function of the system
 * A troubleshooting section detailing possible errors or problems that may occur, along with how to fix them
 * A FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
 * Where to find further help, and contact details
 * A glossary and, for larger documents, an index

History
User guides have been found with ancient devices. One example is the Antikythera Mechanism, a 2,000 year old Greek analogue computer that was found off the coast of the Greek island Antikythera in the year 1900. On the cover of this device are passages of text which describe the features and operation of the mechanism.

As the software industry was developing, the question of how to best document software programs was undecided. This was a unique problem for software developers, since users often became frustrated with current help documents. Some considerations for writing a user guide that developed at this time include:

 * the use of plain language
 * length and reading difficulty
 * the role of printed user guides for digital programs
 * user-centered design

Computer software manuals and guides
Before Unix, for example, GCOS, mainframe documentation were printed pages, available on-premise to users (staff, students...), organized into steel binders, locked together in one monolithic steel reading rack, bolted to a table or counter, with pages organized for modular information updates, replacement, errata, and addenda.

User manuals and user guides for most non-trivial PC and browser software applications are book-like documents with contents similar to the above list. They may be distributed either in print or electronically. Some documents have a more fluid structure with many internal links. The Google Earth User Guide is an example of this format. The term guide is often applied to a document that addresses a specific aspect of a software product. Some usages are Installation Guide, Getting Started Guide, and various How to guides. An example is the Picasa Getting Started Guide.

In some business software applications, where groups of users have access to only a sub-set of the application's full functionality, a user guide may be prepared for each group. An example of this approach is the Autodesk Topobase 2010 Help document, which contains separate Administrator Guides, User Guides, and a Developer's Guide.

title: User guide


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S4C Authority

The S4C Authority (Awdurdod S4C) is an independent public body appointed by the United Kingdom Government's Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport to oversee the management of the Welsh-language television channel S4C. Although an independent body, the authority works in conjunction with the UK-wide broadcasting and telecommunications regulator Ofcom, who have responsibility for regulating S4C's output.

In the spending review which he presented to the House of Commons on 20 October 2010, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, announced that part of the responsibility for funding S4C was to be transferred to the BBC. On 10 August 2012, the BBC Trust, Ofcom and the S4C Authority launched a public consultation on a draft Operating Agreement concluded between the two broadcasters and setting out their relationship from 1 April 2013, the date following which it is intended that most of S4C's funding will come from the BBC licence fee.

title: S4C Authority


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Alincuvadu

Alinchuvadu is a place in Moonniyoor Panchayat in the Malappuram district of Kerala in India. It is on the Chemmad - Kozhikode (Calicut) Road, about 2 km away from Chemmad. There is a Government High School (Moonniyoor Panchayat) and a Moonniyoor Nursing Home, which are both located at Alinchuvadu.

title: Alincuvadu


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User:RagnarokZ

RagnarokZ is a nickname for a Danish male that frequents on the Internet. He claims that he is the Emperor of the Internet and has established a site for the sole purpose of puking that fact into people’s brain.

See: http://ragnarokz.net

title: User:RagnarokZ


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Blunsdon

Blunsdon is a civil parish in the Borough of Swindon, in Wiltshire, England, about 4 mi north of the centre of Swindon, with the A419 forming its southern boundary. Its main settlement is the village of Broad Blunsdon, with Lower Blunsdon nearby; the hamlet of Broadbush is now contiguous with Broad Blunsdon.

Blunsdon is the eastern half of the former Blunsdon St Andrew civil parish. In April 2017, that parish was divided and the western half became a new St Andrews parish.

History
Blunsdon dates from Roman times: it was discovered that a Roman travellers' resting place existed on the site of the present-day Cold Harbour public house. The main A419 road follow the course of a Roman road known as Ermin Street that linked the historic Roman towns of Gloucester (Glevum) and Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum), via Cirencester (Corinium).

The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded three estates at Bluntesdone, with altogether ten households. The L-shaped manor house, just west of the church, was built and enlarged in the 17th century; it has two fireplaces from c.1600, and a staircase also from that century.

Blunsdon Abbey was a Gothic mansion built near Blunsdon St Andrew church in 1858–1860 for wealthy sportsman Joseph Clayton de Windt, on the site of an earlier house. It was destroyed by fire in 1904 and remains as a ruin, with parts of the stable block – including a square tower – standing.

Two areas of Broad Blunsdon village, one encompassing the church, were designated as a conservation area in 1990.

Widhill
Widhill, land lying north of Blunsdon St Andrew as far as the Roman road and bounded to the west by the River Ray, appears in Domesday Book as two estates at Wildehill with altogether 14 households. The area became a tithing of the parish of St Sampson, Cricklade, and for a time a small chapel served the two small settlements at Lower Widhill and Upper Widhill (sometimes North Widhill and West Widhill respectively). Robert Jenner, who prospered as a silver merchant in London, bought Widhill manor in 1624; the Jenner family remained at Widhill until the manor was sold in 1826.

In the late 19th century Widhill became part of Cricklade civil parish, then was transferred to Blunsdon in 1934; its population at the 1931 census had been 21.

Today, Lower Widhill Farm, Chapel Farm and Upper Widhill Farm survive in the strip of farmland between the north edge of Blunsdon St Andrew and the A419.

Parish church
St Leonard's, the Church of England parish church, is in the north-east of the village. The stone rubble building has 13th-century origins, seen in the four-bay south arcade and a small two-light window in the south aisle. The west tower is from the 15th century; the elaborate wooden screen under the tower is 17th-century. A monument to John Potenger (died 1733), in white and grey marble with cherub heads, is signed by Peter Scheemakers.

William Butterfield carried out extensive restoration in 1870, when the chancel was rebuilt and the south-east chapel and north-east vestry were added. The building was designated as Grade II* listed in 1955.

There is a ring of eight bells, cast in 1913 and 2002. The stone-built former rectory, east of the church, was built in 1867–1868 to designs of Ewan Christian. Today the parish is within the benefice of Highworth with Sevenhampton and Inglesham and Hannington, centred on St Michael's church at Highworth.

Sport
Blunsdon's Abbey Stadium (also known as Swindon Stadium) is the home of Swindon Greyhounds, broadcast world-wide three times per week and a stalwart of off course betting shops in the UK all the year round. The stadium has also been the home of a speedway team, the Swindon Robins, since it opened in 1949. The Robins competed in national leagues, including the Elite League in the 21st century, but did not race in 2021 or 2022 due to long-running uncertainty over redevelopment of the site.

The village has a football team, Blunsdon FC, which has youth development squads as well as senior ladies and men's sides playing in the Wiltshire League.

Government
Blunsdon parish covers Broad Blunsdon and the area west of the A419. In the southeast, the boundary with St Andrews leaves the A419 and follows the A4311 Cricklade Road, so that the Groundwell industrial estate is in Blunsdon parish.

Until April 2017, the whole area was the civil parish of Blunsdon St Andrew. The parish lies within the Borough of Swindon.

Shop
After the last privately owned shop in the village closed in 2002, a village public meeting convened and agreed to open a new community shop, which was opened in 2003. Located in the car park of the village hall, the shop was originally based inside a secondhand site office cabin, but in 2009 this was replaced by a brand new structure. Run mainly by volunteers, in 2010 the shop won third place for 'Best Village Shop' at the Wiltshire Life Magazine Awards. In 2023, the shop moved to a new premises at Unit 1, Blunt Rise, Blunsdon, SN26 7DA and expanded to include a cafe.

Transport
The Swindon and Cricklade Railway has rebuilt Blunsdon railway station, just outside the parish boundary.

A bypass was built between the autumn of 2006 and spring 2009. This reunited Broad Blunsdon village with the portion that was southwest of the former A419.

Notable people
Margaret de Windt (1849–1836), daughter of the builder of Blunsdon Abbey, married the White Rajah Charles Brooke and thus became Ranee of Sarawak. Her brother Harry (1856–1933) was an explorer and travel writer.

title: Blunsdon


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Lee Child

James Dover Grant (born 29 October 1954), primarily known by his pen name Lee Child, is a British author who writes thriller novels, and is best known for his Jack Reacher novel series. The books follow the adventures of a former American military policeman, Jack Reacher, who wanders the United States. His first novel, Killing Floor (1997), won both the Anthony Award and the 1998 Barry Award for Best First Novel.

Early life and education
Grant was born in Coventry. His Northern Irish father, who was born in Belfast, was a civil servant who lived in the house where the singer Van Morrison was later born. He is the second of four sons; his younger brother, Andrew Grant, is also a thriller novelist. Grant's family relocated to Handsworth Wood in Birmingham when he was four years old so that the boys could receive a better education. Grant attended Cherry Orchard Primary School in Handsworth Wood until the age of 11. He attended King Edward's School, Birmingham.

In 1974, at the age of 20, Grant studied law at University of Sheffield, though he had no intention of entering the legal profession and, during his student days, worked backstage in a theatre. After graduating, he worked in commercial television. He received a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from the University of Sheffield in 1977 and returned to the university to receive an honorary Doctor of Letters (DLitt) in 2009.

Television production career
Grant joined Granada Television, part of the UK's ITV Network, in Manchester as a presentation director. There he was involved with shows including Brideshead Revisited, The Jewel in the Crown, Prime Suspect, and Cracker. Grant was involved in the transmission of more than 40,000 hours of programming for Granada, writing thousands of commercials and news stories. He worked at Granada from 1977 to 1995 and ended his career there with two years as a trade union shop steward.

Writing career
After losing his job because of corporate restructuring, Grant decided to start writing novels, stating they are "the purest form of entertainment." In 1997, his first novel, Killing Floor, was published. Child moved to the United States, where he married a New Yorker. He starts each new book of the series on an anniversary of his starting the first book after losing his job.

His pen name "Lee" comes from a mispronunciation of the name of Renault's Le Car, as "Lee Car". Calling anything "Lee" became a family gag. His daughter, Ruth, was "lee child". The name has the advantage of placing his books alphabetically on bookshop and library shelves between crime fiction greats Raymond Chandler and Agatha Christie.

Grant has said that he came up with the name Reacher for the central character in his novels when he was grocery shopping with his wife Jane at Asda supermarket in Kendal, Cumbria, when he was living at Kirkby Lonsdale. Grant's height often leads to people asking him to get something for them from a high shelf. Jane once joked: "'Hey, if this writing thing doesn't pan out, you could always be a reacher in a supermarket.' ... 'I thought, Reacher – good name.'"

Some books in the Jack Reacher series are written in the first person, while others are written in the third person. Grant has characterised the books as revenge stories – "Somebody does a very bad thing, and Reacher takes revenge" – driven by his anger at the downsizing at Granada. Although English, he deliberately chose to write American-style thrillers. In 2007, Grant collaborated with 14 other writers to create the 17-part serial thriller The Chopin Manuscript, narrated by Alfred Molina. This was broadcast weekly on Audible.com between 25 September 2007 and 13 November 2007.

Grant worked as a Visiting Professor at the University of Sheffield from November 2008. In 2009, Grant funded 52 Jack Reacher scholarships for students at the university.

Grant was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America in 2009. Grant was the Programming Chair for the Theakstons Old Peculier Crime Writing Festival in 2018, part of the Harrogate International Festivals portfolio.

In 2019, it was announced that Child would be curating a new TV show called Lee Child: True Crime. The show will dramatise real-life crime stories from around the world and focus on average people who go to extraordinary lengths to fight crime or seek justice.

In January 2020, Child announced that he would be retiring from writing the Jack Reacher series and handing it to his brother Andrew Grant, who would write further books of the series under the surname Child. He intended to write the next few books together with Grant before passing the series entirely over to him.

Writing style
Grant's prose has been described as "hardboiled" and "commercial" in style. A 2012 interview suggested that many aspects of the Jack Reacher novels were deliberately aimed at maintaining the books' profitability, rather than for literary reasons. For instance, making Jack Reacher have one parent who was French was suggested as being partly because the presence of only American members of Reacher's family would limit the series' appeal in France. The same interview stated that Grant "didn't apologise about the commercial nature" of his fiction.

Child has listed John D. MacDonald, Alistair MacLean, and Robert B. Parker as influences on the Reacher series.

Other activities
In 2019, Child collaborated with musicians Jennifer and Scott Smith of the group Naked Blue on an album of music exploring Jack Reacher, in song. He contributed vocals to the track "Reacher Said Nothing."

In 2020 Child joined the Booker Prize judging panel, alongside Margaret Busby (chair), Sameer Rahim, Lemn Sissay and Emily Wilson.

Philanthropy
In January 2012, Grant donated £10,000 for a new vehicle for the Brecon Mountain Rescue Team in Wales.

Grant is an annual sponsor and original member of ThrillerFest.

Personal life
Grant married his wife Jane and moved to the United States. Since then, they have resided in New York state. They have a daughter, Ruth.

Grant is a fan of Aston Villa Football Club and has been known to include the names of Aston Villa players in his books.

In 2013, Grant rejected claims that he wrote while under the influence of marijuana that were initially reported in the Daily Mail.

Novels
Jack Reacher series: Note: For consistency, ISBN is that of the Bantam Press (UK) hardcover, first printing only.

^ by Lee Child and Andrew Child

Non-fiction

 * The Hero, Publication: London: TLS Books, 2019 ISBN 978-0-00835578-4.

Short stories
Collections:
 * No Middle Name (2017), collection of two novellas and ten short stories from the Jack Reacher series:
 * "Too Much Time" (novella), "Deep Down", "Everyone Talks", "Guy Walks into a Bar", "High Heat" (novella), "James Penney's New Identity" (1999 version), "Maybe They Have a Tradition", "No Room at the Motel", "Not a Drill", "Second Son", "Small Wars", "The Picture of the Lonely Diner"

Jack Reacher series:

Other short stories:
 * "The Snake Eater by the Numbers", chapter six from the serialized novel Like a Charm (2004, edited by Karin Slaughter)
 * "Ten Keys", collected in The Cocaine Chronicles (2005, edited by Jervey Tervalon and Gary Phillips)
 * "The Greatest Trick of All", collected in Greatest Hits (2005, edited by Robert J. Randisi), and in The Best British Mysteries IV (2007)
 * "Safe Enough", collected in MWA Presents Death Do Us Part (2006)
 * "The .50 Solution", collected in Bloodlines: A Horse Racing Anthology (2006)
 * Chapter 15 from audio serialized novel The Chopin Manuscript (2007)
 * "Public Transportation", collected in Phoenix Noir (2009)
 * One chapter from audio serialized novel The Copper Bracelet (2009)
 * Story collected in The World's Greatest Crime Writers tell the inside Story of Their Great Detectives, or The Line Up (2010), about Jack Reacher and his origins
 * "Me and Mr. Rafferty", collected in The Dark End of the Street (2010, edited by Jonathan Santlofer and S. J. Rozan)
 * "Section 7 (a) (Operational)", collected in Agents of Treachery (2010)
 * "The Bodyguard", collected in First Thrills (2010, edited by Lee Child)
 * "Addicted to Sweetness", collected in MWA Presents The Rich and the Dead (2011, edited by Nelson DeMille)
 * "The Bone-Headed League", collected in A Study in Sherlock (2011)
 * "I Heard a Romantic Story", collected in Love is Murder (2012)
 * "The Hollywood I Remember", collected in Vengeance (2012, edited by Lee Child)
 * "My First Drug Trial", collected in The Marijuana Chronicles (July 2013)
 * "Wet with Rain", collected in Belfast Noir (November 2014)
 * "The Truth About What Happened", collected in In Sunlight or in Shadow: Stories Inspired by the Paintings of Edward Hopper (December 2016)
 * "Chapter 6: The Fortune Cookie" from the novel Anatomy of Innocence (March 2017)
 * "Pierre, Lucien & Me", collected in Alive in Shape and Color (December 2017)
 * "New Blank Document", collected in It Occurs to Me that I am America (January 2018)
 * "Shorty and the Briefcase", collected in Ten Year Stretch (April 2018)

Adaptations

 * Jack Reacher (2012), film directed and written by Christopher McQuarrie, based on novel One Shot. An American thriller film starring Tom Cruise. Grant made a cameo appearance as a police desk sergeant in the film.
 * Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016), film directed by Edward Zwick, and written by Richard Wenk, Zwick, and Marshall Herskovitz, based on the novel Never Go Back. With Tom Cruise reprising the role. In the film, the final scene is set in New Orleans, which was not a location in the book. Grant made a cameo appearance as an airport ticket agent in the film.
 * Reacher (2022), an Amazon Prime series starring Alan Ritchson. In the last episode of season 1, Grant can be seen in the last chapter as a man walking out of the diner who says "Excuse me" when passing Reacher. Reacher then speaks to Finlay and eats a piece of peach pie.

Honorary degrees
Child has received honorary degrees from several universities. These include:

Honours
Grant was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours List for services to literature.

title: Lee Child


text:
Chemmad

Chemmad is a town and a commercial hub of  Tirurangadi ,which is situated in Malappuram district of Kerala state, India. Administrative headquarters of Tirurangadi Taluk, is a fast-growing town in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. Darul Huda Islamic University the first Private and Islamic university in the Malabar region, is located north-west part DHU area.

Geography
The town is located 7 km east of the Parappanangadi Railway station. The Tirurangadi Police Station,

Government. Buildings
Taluk Hospital, Telephone Exchange, Sub Road Transport Office, Mini Civil Station and Tirurangadi Taluk (district administration) offices are all located within Chemmad. Apart from Tirur, it is considered one of the larger trade centers of the western part of the Malappuram District, and has undergone an influx of people from other areas over the last 10 years.CK Nagar is close nearest village in chemmad. venchali is the largest paddy cultivation area in kerala

Educational institutions
Darul Huda Islamic University which was established as an Islamic Academy in 1986 and formally upgraded to a university in May 2009 is located in Chemmad.

college and Schools

 * Govt High School Trikkulam
 * National English Medium Higher Secondary School, Chemmad
 * Kuthubuzzaman English Medium Higher Secondary School
 * Govt LP school Ck nagar
 * Proffessers college of advanced studies
 * Chemmad Arts college

Healthcare

 * Govt Taluk Headquarters Hospital Tirurangadi
 * Chemmad Nursing Home
 * Pathoor Nursing Home
 * Karuna Cancer Hospital and Research Center
 * Government Veterinary Dispensary Tirurangadi
 * Lailas Hospital
 * Dr Ahmmed koya health care

Villages and Suburbs

 * Parakkadavu
 * Alinchuvadu
 * Manipaadam
 * Kariparambu
 * Venchali 9 th turning
 * CK Nagar
 * Mamburam
 * Kodinchi
 * Ambalappadi
 * Kumbankadavu
 * Pantharangadi

title: Chemmad


text:
Tirurangadi

Tirurangadi is a municipal town in Malappuram district of the Indian state Kerala. It is a historic town famed for its active participation in the freedom struggle, especially those dating back to the 1920s. It serves as a local taluk and is located, 30 km south of Calicut and 140 km north of Ernakulam.

It is located 9 km east of the coastal town of Parappanangadi, 10 km northwest of Kottakkal, 11 km northeast of Tanur town, 16 km southwest of Kondotty town, 17 km north of Tirur, and 18 km west of Malappuram.

History
Tirurangadi, which was then an important centre of trade, was known by the name Tiruwarankad to the Arabs, during the middle ages. It was ruled by the Misba Arien during the Middle ages. Later in 18th century, the region came under the Kingdom of Mysore. The Battle of Tirurangadi was a series of engagements that took place between the British army and Tipu Sultan, the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, between 7 and 12 December 1790 at Tirurangadi, during the Third Anglo-Mysore War.

Mysore rule was followed by British Raj at the end of 18th century CE. Cheranad was a name of an erstwhile province in the kingdom of Zamorin of Calicut, which had included parts of present-day Tirurangadi and Tirur Taluks of Malappuram district in it. Later it became a Taluk of Malabar District, when Malabar came under the British Raj. The headquarters of Cheranad Taluk was the town of Tirurangadi. Later the Taluk was merged with Eranad Taluk. Tirurangadi was one of the main centres of Malabar Rebellion of 1921. The Tirurangadi Taluk Office, which was an important administrative centre during British Raj, is also a monument of the rebellion.

When Tirur Taluk was formed in 1957, Tirurangadi block became a part of it. Later in the 1990s, Vengara and Tirurangadi Revenue blocks were separated to form the modern Tirurangadi Taluk.

Geography
Tirurangadi is located at 11.05°N, 75.93°W. It has an average elevation of 10 m.

2020 municipal election
Janab K.P.Mohammed Kutty [Indian Union Muslim league. ] Vice Chair Person. C.P. Suharabi [ Indian National Congress ]

Religion
Total population: 56,700 Hindu: 14.39% Muslim: 85.24% Christian: 0.23% Sikh: 0.00% Buddhist: 0.00% Jain: 0.00% Others: 0.00% Not Stated: 0.14%

Important Masjids
Jumayath mosque Chandappadi Jumayath mosque High school padi Tirurangadi Jumayath mosque Thazhengadi Melechina mosque Tirurangadi Jumayath mosque Tirurangadi Thazhechina Mosque Tiruranhadi Jumayath Mosque Kakkad Juma Masjid Karumbil Juma Masjid Venniyur paramba Juma Masjid Kapratupadi Juma Masjid CK Nagar Juma Masjid Chemmad Juma Masjid chammad JN. Juma Masjid Kodinhipadam Juma Masjid Kottathangadi Valiya Juma Masjid Pantharangadi Valiya Mosque Kariparamba

Important Temples
Kaliyattakavu Bhagavathi Temple, Trikulam Sivakshethram, Subrahmanya kshethram at Kachadi, Koduvayur Subrahmanya kshethram, Pappanur Sivakshethram Padikkal, Tripuranthaka Kshethram Kakad, karachina Mahadeva Kshethram, Kaprat Sivakshethram

Transport
This town is well connected with all parts of Kerala and National Highway 66 (India) (Old number NH17) passes through this town. There are two main bus stations situated in the town, one in Chemmad, and another one in Kakkad. The former is for buses plying the nearby areas while the latter is used for long distance buses only.

The nearest railway station is at Parappanangadi, 7 km away from the town and Calicut International Airport is just 21 km away.

The famous house of Ayurveda Kottakkal Aryavaidyasala is just 10 km away from Tirurangadi.

Education
Tirurangadi, a well-versed place in the history of Freedom Fight is now known as a small educational hub in Malappuram district. The PSMO College is in the centre of the town surrounded by several other institutions. Headquarters of University of Calicut is just 13 km away.

Colleges and schools

 * Tirurangadi Government Higher Secondary School and Oriental Higher Secondary School are the two important schools serving the primary educational needs of the area and nearby areas.
 * "Thirurangadi yatheem khana" is a well noted institution among its kind having numerous institutions under its hood, including PSMO College, KMMMO Arabic College, SSMO Teachers Training Institute, Oriental Higher Secondary School, MKH Memorial Hospital, MKH Nursing College.

 * 1) Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College (PSMO College), Tirurangadi
 * 2) KMMO Arabic College, Tirurangadi
 * 3) Govt. Poly Technic, Chelari, Tirurangadi
 * 4) SSMO Teachers Training Institute, Tirurangadi
 * 5) Govt. Higher Secondary School, Tirurangadi
 * 6) Oriental Higher Secondary School, Tirurangadi
 * 7) Govt. High School, Trikkulam, Tirurangadi
 * 8) Khuthubuzzaman English Medium Higher Secondary School, Chemmad, Tirurangadi
 * 9) MKH School of Nursing, Tirurangadi
 * 10) Gems Public School (affiliated with CBSE, Delhi), Kooriyad, PO Tirurangadi
 * 11) Kerala Residential Higher Secondary School, Karumbil, Tirurangadi
 * 12) National English Medium Higher Secondary School, Chemmad, Tirurangadi
 * 13) Malabar Central School, Valiya Paramabu, Tirurangadi
 * 14) Noorul Huda English School, Rasheed Nagar, Tirurangadi

Healthcare

 * 1) Govt.Taluk Headquarters Hospital Thirurangadi
 * 2) MK Haji Orphanage Hospital
 * 3) Chemmad Nursing Home
 * 4) Pathoor Nursing Home
 * 5) Karuna Cancer Hospital and Research Center
 * 6) Government Veterinary Dispensary Tirurangadi

Places of interest

 * Tirurangadi Grand Mosque: The Tirurangadi Grand Mosque is a famous mosque located in Tirurangadi in the Malappuram District of Kerala, south India. Historically related to the Mappila Lahala of 1921 against the British Government.
 * Mambaram Masjidh: Mamburam Mosque is famous for the tomb of Sayyid Alavi Mouladaveel Sayyid Alavi Thangal, a Hadrami Islamic scholar and Indian freedom fighter who settled at Mamburam in Kerala is now considered one of greatest pilgrimage centres in southern India.

title: Tirurangadi


text:
Talk:Masahiro Sakurai

his youtube channel
The page states that he last uploaded videos on his youtube channel in 2023, but if you go to his channel he uploads videos regularly (at time of writing, yesterday). I suggest the section for last updated be removed. It would be a pain to update this page every time he makes a video anyways. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheBloxMan (talk • contribs) 18:31, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

 * The "last updated" doesn't refer to Sakurai's activity on the channel. It's referring to the infobox itself. It means "as of May 19, 2023, the English has 548,000 subscribers, etc." That information can afford to be updated sporadically. ThomasO1989 (talk) 18:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC)

Special Thanks
What is the point for including games where Sakurai was credited under "Special Thanks?" Is it because his gameography doesn't look varied enough without it? If you included special thanks for every developer on wikipedia you'd be here forever. I think these credits should be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.112.44.202 (talk) 08:59, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

Stub
I created a stub that doesn't use publicly available info. I'm new to wikipedia, so I might have messed up the style, though I tried to follow the guidelines. Forgive me if it looks too bad. Eric Herboso 21:06, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Images
There is concern in regard to the cropped version of the image. Let's not revert until we have reached an agreement. The cropping omits the portrait's balanced trim; Darkoneko of course means well, but we're settling for less by altering this. Furthermore, it creates senseless empty space above Sakurai to accomodate for height of a person who isn't there. Until there is another up-to-date image of this man, my Wikipedian judgement says we leave it. Red Wirehat 12:12, 15 Jan 2007 (UTC).

As I am the individual who originally posted the new picture, I kind of feel obligated to state my input on this. I don't particularly care whether it's cropped or not, I just thought more info and a caption, ala Miyamoto's picture, might be nice. I have more pictures of Sakurai from that time, and a higher resolution version of that same picture, with which I could likely make a decent portrait of Masahiro Sakurai himself if it is required?KirbyPopStar 3:05, 20 Jan 2007 (UTC-8) [PST].

Online Criticism
It is a valid point to note heavy criticisms that are going on in online communities. So YES, message boards are a valid source for "online communities". Stop trying to block information that you don't like. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.195.185.178 (talk) 00:38, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

I don't think it's necessarily criticism of Sakurai specifically but about Brawl. I don't think it belongs in his article, it belongs in the Brawl article (if at all). I move to move the info over to the Brawl talk section and then see what to do about it there DRaGZ (talk) 08:55, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

I can't see that as viable, as the importance is in his lack of response to the criticisms. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.195.185.178 (talk) 09:09, 3 January 2008 (UTC)

How can you cite a lack of response? All you cited was complaints from fans on boards. That's it. Then there was an extra line about Sakurai not responding, but there's nothing to substantiate it as a line whatsoever. Theoretically, on that point, you could say that about anyone who never responded to anything, as long as you could cite the complaints. DRaGZ (talk) 08:47, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Also he is a sell9ut traitors now. Praising woke games Like Spider-Man 2. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:1C1:4201:42E0:6CEF:7BE7:1A10:A75A (talk) 19:37, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

contact
sorry for a non-article question, but do any of you know how to contact Sakurai? Email? Letter? Psychic hotline? (70.60.123.120 01:35, 22 April 2007 (UTC))

Try a ouija board, Powerslave (talk-contribs) 17:45, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

I've tried that, it didn't work. I've also tried screaming really hard so he could hear me...didn't work. Ah well...woe is me. I wanted to talk with this genius called Sakruai. (Zojo 23:27, 16 May 2007 (UTC))

 * Ouija boards are bogus. Don't use them. Besides, why would you want to talk to him? (dogman15 (talk) 05:04, 26 November 2007 (UTC))

 * Why WOULDN'T you want to talk with Sakurai? Evan1109 (talk) 20:55, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 23:36, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

we need protection
seriously. TheWarlock (talk) 07:30, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Yeah. This has gotten out of hand. Azuran (talk) 07:33, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Personally, I don't agree with this. Who cares about the protection? It's probably true... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.67.194.21 (talk) 07:35, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that's just the attitude Wikipedia needs. Go back to Gaia or GameFaqs or whereever it is you're coming from, fuckwad. TheWarlock (talk) 07:38, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Yeah I just made an account to stop the editing. These guys are really annoying. I used to be on the GameFaqs forum until I got tired of how annoying it got. On behalf of Gamefaqs I'd just like to say sorry.--Guy in a floppy green cap (talk) 07:41, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Listen, there are always going to be jerks, there's no need to get upset since you'll just encourage stuff like this. I personally took it with a light heart and thought it was funny. -Marioandli

But you see it's the reason the why they did it. They just got mad at the fact that Brawl's release in America was moved back to the end of time. Trust me, I would give anything to have Brawl in my hand right now, but what those vandals did was just unacceptable.

Not all Gamefaqs people are bad. Besides, the game is overhyped to the point a delay made even me angry. -Marioandli

 * It's true, eBaums World is a bunch of idiots. Plus, Japan gets it a month before us? Argh. Anyways, eBaums World is bad. Also,Who the hell made my post better? NiVoMi (talk) 00:29, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.251.227.64 (talk) 08:05, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Ok, I knew it was ridiculous when the vandals was edit waring about how to vandalize the article, but screwing with the talk page posts? Even after seeing the article vandalism, I thought people where more mature than that.--Henke37 (talk) 10:21, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Wow... You guys act as if it's the first time you ever see vandalism. Just handle it and live with it.Themat21III (talk) 00:43, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

I can deal with vandalism, but they over-reacted. And yeah GameFaqs has some intelligent life out there. But it's really hard to find.--Guy in a floppy green cap (talk) 07:49, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Wow, I make two posts DEFENDING Gfaqs users,and it gets shifted to something about EbaumsWorld? Sigh...that's what I get for trying to be gay. -Marioandli

His speech mannerisms
I don't know if that's how he speaks, or just how it's translated, but I think it needs to be mentioned. Because it's brilliant. --Wifidelity (talk) 10:24, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

He doesn't actually talk like that. Only in the games, it seems. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fourange (talk • contribs) 10:56, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Vandalism, eh?
I go to GameFaqs a lot, but trust me, I know exactly what you guys are talking about. A bunch of users who are into the Captain falcon fads and OVER 9000!!, right? I get flamed when I call them stupid. You can't really stop them...

Psh. What did they do?Fourange (talk) 10:55, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

Well, now they're going gaga over the recent revelation that he voiced King Dedede. — NES Boy (talk) 10:31, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Number 14 hottest game designer of 2008 by Edge magazine
http://www.next-gen.biz/features/the-hot-100-game-developers-2008?page=0%2C9 Sincerely

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Semi-protected edit request on 13 March 2018
A Picture should be added to the source. There is no picture shown RHall07 (talk) 17:01, 13 March 2018 (UTC)
 * If you can find a photo that is freely licensed, you can use WP:FFU to have it uploaded. RudolfRed (talk) 17:44, 13 March 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 February 2019
I wish to be able to add a picture to the following document, that's all. Tsouke (talk) 19:42, 21 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: this is not the right page to request additional user rights. You may reopen this request with the specific changes to be made and someone will add them for you, or if you have an account, you can wait until you are autoconfirmed and edit the page yourself. DannyS712 (talk) 20:29, 21 February 2019 (UTC)

Picture of Masahiro Sakurai
Shouldn't we add one? (I don't know what the wp policy is on pictures of people or rights) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Epmtunes (talk • contribs) 22:55, 8 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, but it either has to be free use or used with permission from a copyright holder, per WP:IMAGEPOL. Just adding any random photo off Google isn't allowed. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 02:52, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I already added a free to use image! But someone keeps removing it without permision.0C70 PR0 (talk) 21:26, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
 * It's not free use, you added the CC license yourself. See my talk page. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 22:00, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 February 2020
Sakurai is NOT DEAD. 69.114.106.156 (talk) 02:59, 20 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done appears to have been fixed already: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masahiro_Sakurai&diff=941700352&oldid=941685580&diffmode=source DannyS712 (talk) 06:13, 20 February 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 June 2020
It is missing a picture of Masahiro Sakurai Pussysmasher69420 (talk) 18:22, 15 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Your request consists only of a vague request to add, update, modify, or improve an image, or is a request to include an image that is hosted on an external site. If you want an image changed, you must identify a specific image that has already been uploaded to Wikipedia or Wikimedia Commons. Please note that any image used on any Wikipedia article must comply with the Wikipedia image use policy, particularly where copyright is concerned. — KuyaBriBri Talk 18:30, 15 June 2020 (UTC)

Age says 49 when it should be 59?
Why is his age 49? Shouldn't it be 59 since he was born in 1970 and it's 2020 now. Airgum (talk) 22:07, 6 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I think your math is wrong... ~ Dissident93 (talk) 22:10, 6 July 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 1 May 2021
There's a tiny typo of "worke" instead of "work" in the introduction paragraph. CiabattaBread (talk) 02:00, 2 May 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 17 May 2021
The Kirby game Kirby Super Star for the SNES later had a remade version called Kirby Super Star Ultra, and I think the remake deserves to be put in parentheses next to the original in the Kirby Games dropdown menu. Also, in the same menu under the Characters section, other notable characters such as Marx, Magolor, Dark Matter, and Galacta Knight should be added. 207.72.1.122 (talk) 13:17, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: If that remake exists, it needs to have an article meeting WP:GNG before being added to the navbox templates at the bottom. And this is not the correct place to ask for edits to the navboxes anyway. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 13:38, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 September 2021
Sakurai was born in Hino Tokyo Japan. 2600:1702:4000:5710:454E:312E:7D8E:EA95 (talk) 15:53, 4 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 17:28, 4 September 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:53, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * MasahiroSakurai.png

Mention of this person taking a break

 * What I think should be changed:"Sakurai sent out a farewell statement at Nintendo Direct and decided to take a break on October 5, 2021, after revealing Super Smash Bros. Ultimate's final downloadable content character, Sora." should be changed to "Sakurai sent out a farewell statement at Nintendo Direct on October 5, 2021, after revealing Super Smash Bros. Ultimate's final downloadable content character, Sora."
 * Why it should be changed: There's no mention or citation of Masahiro Sakurai himself announcing a break in the source that was provided. I also can't find anything supporting the claim. The header of the Kotaku article is even called "commentary" which as far as I know is their equivalent of an opinion piece.
 * References supporting the possible change (format using the "cite" button):

107.171.239.166 (talk) 05:50, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

 * I just removed the entire line. Like many people who finish huge projects, him taking a break should be seen as common sense. Unless he retired or directly said he would be inactive in video games for a long period of time, we don't have to note this. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 08:22, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 14 March 2022
The works sections says he worked as a game designer for MushiKing, but there is no source on this. The old website for the game (https://web.archive.org/web/20040904062629/http://mushiking.com/e/minhiro/index.html) credits someone named Ito Sakurai instead. FalKoopa (talk) 15:06, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Removed. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 17:25, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose merging Sora Ltd. into Masahiro Sakurai. Sora Ltd only contains 4 sources and does not appear to be notable enough to warrant its own article. The content of Sora Ltd could easily be applied to this page's own section. PerryPerryD Talk To Me 23:47, 15 March 2022 (UTC)

 * I agree with this proposal, but is an administrator required to allow this merger, or we can just merge the articles together right now? Bobowl0921 (talk) 02:01, 28 April 2022 (UTC)
 * An admin is only needed if technical reasons prevent a move. But I also agree with the merger. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 22:04, 28 April 2022 (UTC)

Wife
What is known (not necessaribly referenceable): What is not known: So yeah, there's some guess-work to remove from this article. PtM 22:59, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) She has been working on his games.
 * 2) They married after Smash Bros. for Wii finished development.
 * 3) At some point prior, Mr. Sakurai's company Sora consisted only of him and "his assistant".
 * 1) Wether the assistant was his wife-to-be.
 * 2) Wether they left HAL simultaneously.
 * 3) Actually, wether she is that same person.
 * 4) Wether she has any part (position, foundership, etc.) in his company.

Nintendo Smash (Website)
Nintendo Smash is a popular online platform dedicated to providing video game enthusiasts with up-to-date news, guides, reviews, and walkthroughs. Founded in 2019 by Shamsuddin, the website has established itself as a reliable source of information for all things related to Nintendo and other games.

History
Nintendo Smash was created with the vision of becoming a comprehensive resource for Nintendo fans worldwide. Shamsuddin, a passionate gamer himself, recognized the need for a platform that could cater to the ever-growing Nintendo community, offering not only news updates but also in-depth guides, honest reviews, and helpful walkthroughs.

Since its inception, Nintendo Smash has remained committed to delivering high-quality content that engages and informs its audience. The website's team of experienced writers and contributors share a common love for Nintendo games and work diligently to provide accurate and engaging articles to the gaming community.

Content
Nintendo Smash covers a wide range of topics within the realm of video games, with a particular focus on Nintendo and its iconic franchises. The website features regular news updates, keeping readers informed about the latest releases, updates, and announcements from Nintendo. From the highly anticipated flagship titles to lesser-known gems, Nintendo Smash ensures that readers are always in the know.

In addition to news articles, Nintendo Smash offers comprehensive guides that assist players in mastering various aspects of their favorite games. Whether it's tips and tricks for unlocking hidden characters, strategies for completing challenging levels, or advice on maximizing gameplay experience, the website's guides aim to provide valuable insights and assistance to gamers of all skill levels.

Furthermore, Nintendo Smash features unbiased reviews that help readers make informed decisions when considering new game purchases. The website's dedicated reviewers thoroughly assess games across different genres, evaluating factors such as gameplay mechanics, graphics, sound design, and overall enjoyment. By providing honest and balanced reviews, Nintendo Smash aims to guide gamers in choosing titles that best suit their preferences.

Lastly, Nintendo Smash offers detailed walkthroughs for those seeking assistance in completing games or overcoming difficult sections. These step-by-step guides provide clear instructions, tips, and strategies to help players progress through their gaming adventures seamlessly.

Community and Impact
Nintendo Smash has cultivated a vibrant and engaged community of Nintendo enthusiasts. Through its interactive comment sections, social media presence, and forums, the website encourages readers to share their thoughts, insights, and experiences with fellow gamers. This community-driven approach fosters a sense of camaraderie and encourages discussions surrounding Nintendo games.

With its dedication to providing accurate and valuable content, Nintendo Smash has become a trusted source among the gaming community. The website's contributions have helped countless players overcome challenges, discover hidden secrets, and make informed decisions about their gaming experiences. ShamsuddinRoshan21 (talk) 08:22, 19 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Masahiro Sakurai


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Melina Leon

 * This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record.

The result of the debate was keep. —Korath (Talk) 02:00, Apr 11, 2005 (UTC)

Melina Leon
Comments moved from Pages needing translation into English: Spanish, about an artist from Puerto Rico. This article has had a notenglish-tag since November 14th, but was not added here. Sietse 10:01, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Written like a promotional essay, suspect copyvio (although Google doesn't quickly find it on the web). -- Jmabel | Talk 20:24, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

I ran it through Babelfsh. It looks like advertizing or fancruft. There are countless pop music singers. Delete. Anthony Appleyard 08:21, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

It's had its 2 weeks and no one seems to think it is worth translating. -- Jmabel | Talk 21:08, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Jmabel | Talk 21:08, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep the now entirely different article. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:29, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Procedural deletion. Geogre 22:04, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Sietse 22:13, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Strong Keep She's well known in Puerto Rico and has a CD on Sony. I translated, verified and massively rewrote the article without PoV. Wyss 00:45, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Looks like a capable VfD rescue, Wyss. Well done. [[User:GeorgeStepanek|GeorgeStepanek\talk ]] 02:09, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, notable artist. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 04:41, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Have added further info to the article. She has released five albums and has had a number of hit albums on the Billboard tropical and Latin charts. Capitalistroadster 10:53, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Capitalistroadster does it again.  He merits an award of some sort.  [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:25, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Del.Mikkalai 08:35, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep. Yuckfoo 09:04, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * keep. Notable singer.  —Lowellian (talk)   06:49, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Mampuram Mosque

The Mampuram Mosque is a mosque located in Tirurangadi in the Malappuram District of Kerala, India.

Pilgrim center
Mampuram mosque is one of the pilgrim centers of Sunni Muslims of Kerala. Around 5,000 visitors arrive daily.

 * Working time: after subh prayer
 * Closing time: 20 minutes before magrib prayer

Weekly prayers
A Swalath Majlis is conducted every Thursday at the Dargah.

Festivals
An Uroos is conducted from the first to the seventh of Muharram month every year. The programs include talks on Islam and distribution of free food. The final day also has a big congregation where people from all over the world participate.

title: Mampuram Mosque


text:
Talk:Alizarine ink

Comments
that link is |)3|)

This was placed on the main page, within the "disputed page" box, as opposed to on the talk page. This article seems completely wrong. Alizarine is a chemical dye, nothing to do with iron and galls. In fact, alizarine ink was one of the modern inks that replaced iron-gall formula. cut and paste, don't know whose comment it was

Please see the relevant discussion on the talk page.

Um... what discussion? 86.136.82.105 15:36, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

The facts in this article appear to be correct. Modern alazarin is a synthetic version of Madder, a vegetable dye that is also known as "Alizarin". Madder/Alizarin has been used as a dye for millenia. "Alizarine Ink" was created in 1855 by Professor Leonhardi, of Dresden, by adding Madder ("Alazarin") to oak gall ink.JDowning 22:23, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Alizarine ink


text:
British Nationality Act 1981

The British Nationality Act 1981 (c. 61) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning British nationality since 1 January 1983.

History
In the mid-1970s the British Government decided to update the nationality code, which had been significantly amended since the British Nationality Act 1948 came into force on 1 January 1949. In 1977, a Green Paper was produced by the Labour government outlining options for reform of the nationality code. This was followed in 1980 by a White Paper by the Conservative government that closely followed the Labour proposals. William Whitelaw, the Home Secretary under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, was the chief author. The British Nationality Act 1981 received Royal Assent on 30 October 1981 and came into force on 1 January 1983. Both major parties were in agreement on the new law.

Subsequently, the British Nationality Act has been significantly amended, including:

 * British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983
 * Hong Kong Act 1985 and Hong Kong (British Nationality) Order 1986
 * British Nationality (Hong Kong) Act 1990, which introduced the British Nationality Selection Scheme
 * Hong Kong (War Wives and Widows) Act 1996
 * British Nationality (Hong Kong) Act 1997
 * Adoption (Intercountry Aspects) Act 1999
 * British Overseas Territories Act 2002
 * Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002
 * Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006
 * Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009

Reclassification of United Kingdom and Colonies citizenship
The Act reclassified Citizenship of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC) into three categories:

 * British citizenship
 * British Dependent Territories citizenship (BDTC); and
 * British Overseas citizenship.

In 1968, with the passage of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968 to modify the wording of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, some CUKCs were stripped of the Right of Abode in the United Kingdom. The Act sought to restore once again the link between citizenship and right of abode by providing that British citizenship—held by those with a close connection with either the United Kingdom or with the Crown Dependencies (that is to say, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands), or both—would automatically carry a right of abode in the UK. The other categories of British nationality would not hold such status based on nationality, although in some cases would do so under the immigration laws.

Whilst in opposition in 1977, the Conservative Party asked Edward Gardner to chair a study group to provide advice on changes to the nationality laws. The resultant Green paper, "Who Do We Think We Are?", was published in 1980 and its threefold definition of nationality formed the basis for the Government's legislation. Originally the paper proposed just two categories of British nationality, British citizenship and British Overseas citizenship. However, the British Dependent Territory governments successfully lobbied for an additional category of nationality, which would cater for those with close connections to any of the British territories.

Modification of jus soli
The Act also modified the application of jus soli in British nationality. Prior to the Act coming into force, any person born in the United Kingdom or a colony (with limited exceptions such as children of diplomats and enemy aliens) was entitled to CUKC status. After the Act came into force, it was necessary for at least one parent of a United Kingdom-born child to be a British citizen, a British Dependent Territories citizen or "settled" in the United Kingdom or a colony (a permanent resident).

Even following the coming into force of the Act, the vast majority of children born in the United Kingdom or colonies still acquire British nationality at birth. Special provisions are made for non-British UK-born children to acquire British citizenship in certain circumstances.

Relation to Immigration Act 1971
Under section 11(1) of the Act, a CUKC must have had the right of abode under the Immigration Act 1971, as it existed on 31 December 1982, to become a British citizen on 1 January 1983 automatically under the standard CUKC transition at commencement route of the Act.

Section 39 of the Act then went on to modify the right of abode section of the 1971 measure, eliminating confusing wording as to whether right of abode could be obtained through a grandparent who was a CUKC from outside the UK.

Some people born in the UK after 1983 may have been incorrectly told they were not eligible for a British passport, if their mother had been born in a Commonwealth country (e.g. Canada, or Australia) to a British-born grandparent, but later returned to the UK. In this case, the parent would have retained right of abode from the grandparent, meaning they were already settled at the time of the child's birth (irrespective of whether they themselves were British nationals).

Other changes
The Act made a variety of other changes to the law:

 * Mothers as well as fathers were allowed to pass on British nationality to their (UK born) children. However, until 2006, British parents of children born outside the UK (or in the UK to a non-British mother ) had to be married.
 * The term Commonwealth citizen was used to replace British subject. Under the Act, the term British subject was restricted to certain persons holding British nationality through connections with British India or the Republic of Ireland before 1949.
 * Right of Abode could no longer be acquired by non-British citizens. A limited number of Commonwealth citizens holding Right of Abode were allowed to retain it (for example, those born before 1983 to a British parent in a Commonwealth country which had not left, or had membership suspended since then).
 * The rights of Commonwealth and Irish citizens to become British citizens by registration were removed and instead they were to be expected to apply for naturalisation if they wanted to acquire British citizenship. Irish citizens, however, who were, or claim British subject nationality retain their right to acquire British citizenship nationality through registration.
 * Special provision was made for persons from Gibraltar to acquire British citizenship. Since 2002, this mainly relates to EU nationals who have acquired Overseas Territory Citizen status to live in Gibraltar.
 * Foreign spouses were treated equally under the law. Wives of British men could no longer acquire British nationality purely by marriage and husbands of British women were afforded the right to acquire British nationality on equal terms.
 * British Crown Colonies were renamed British Dependent Territories (subsequently amended to British Overseas Territories)
 * The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, references to which had been construed as references to colonies under the British Nationality Act 1948, were now to be construed as being part of the United Kingdom for nationality purposes.

In some cases, transitional arrangements were made that preserved certain aspects of the old legislation. Most of these expired on 31 December 1987, five years after the Act came into force.

Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 & 1968
The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968 made a number of changes to the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, beginning with amending the definition of to whom the Act applied. By comparison:

Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962:

"PART I

CONTROL OF IMMIGRATION

1.-(1) The provisions of this Part of this Act shall have effect for controlling the immigration into the United Kingdom of Commonwealth citizens to whom this section applies.

 * (2) This section applies to any Commonwealth citizen not being-
 * (a) a person born in the United Kingdom :
 * (b) a person who holds a United Kingdom passport and is a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies, or who holds such a passport issued in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland; or (c) a person included in the passport of another person who is excepted under paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this subsection.

(3) In this section "passport" means a current passport; and "United Kingdom passport" means a passport issued to the holder by the Government of the United Kingdom, not being a passport so issued on behalf of the Government of any part of the Commonwealth outside the United Kingdom.

(4) This Part of this Act applies to British protected persons and citizens of the Republic of Ireland as it applies to Commonwealth citizens, and references therein to Commonwealth citizens, and to Commonwealth citizens to whom this section applies, shall be construed accordingly."

Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968:

"1. In section 1 of the principal Act (application of Part I), in subsection (2)(b) after the words "citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies" there shall be inserted the words "and fulfils the condition specified in subsection (2A) of this section", and after subsection (2) there shall be inserted the following subsection:-

 * "(2A) The condition referred to in subsection (2)(b) of this section, in relation to a person, is that he, or at least one of his parents or grandparents,-
 * (a) was born in the United Kingdom, or
 * (b) is or was a person naturalised in the United Kingdom, or
 * (c) became a citizen of the United Kingdom and colonies by virtue of being adopted in the United Kingdom, or
 * (d) became such a citizen by being registered under Part II of the British Nationality Act 1948 or under the British Nationality Act 1964, either in the United kingdom or in a country which, on the date on which he was so registered, was one of the countries mentioned in section 1(3) of the said Act of 1948 as it had effect on that date"."

The stripping of birth rights from Bermudians by the British Government in 1968 and 1971, and the change of their citizenship in 1983, actually violated the rights granted them by Royal charters at the founding of the colony. Bermuda (fully The Somers Isles or Islands of Bermuda) had been settled by the London Company (which had been in occupation of the archipelago since the 1609 wreck of the Sea Venture) in 1612, when it received its Third Royal Charter from King James I, amending the boundaries of the First Colony of Virginia far enough across the Atlantic to include Bermuda. The citizenship rights guaranteed to settlers by King James I in the original Royal Charter of 10 April 1606, thereby applied to Bermudians:

"Alsoe wee doe, for us, our heires and successors, declare by theise presentes that all and everie the parsons being our subjects which shall dwell and inhabit within everie or anie of the saide severall Colonies and plantacions and everie of theire children which shall happen to be borne within the limitts and precincts of the said severall Colonies and plantacions shall have and enjoy all liberties, franchises and immunites within anie of our other dominions to all intents and purposes as if they had been abiding and borne within this our realme of Englande or anie other of our saide dominions."

These rights were confirmed in the Royal Charter granted to the London Company's spin-off, the Company of the City of London for the Plantacion of The Somers Isles, in 1615 on Bermuda being separated from Virginia:

"And wee doe for vs our heires and successors declare by these Pnts, that all and euery persons being our subjects which shall goe and inhabite wthin the said Somer Ilandes and every of their children and posterity which shall happen to bee borne within the limits thereof shall haue and enjoy all libertyes franchesies and immunities of free denizens and natural subjectes within any of our dominions to all intents and purposes, as if they had beene abiding and borne wthin this our Kingdome of England or in any other of our Dominions"

Bermuda is not the only territory whose citizenship rights were laid down in a Royal Charter. In regards to St. Helena, Lord Beaumont of Whitley in the House of Lords debate on the British Overseas Territories Bill on 10 July 2001, stated:

"Citizenship was granted irrevocably by Charles I. It was taken away by Parliament because of growing opposition to immigration at the time."

After the Act
After the Falklands War, full British citizenship was granted to the Falkland Islanders by the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983. Gibraltarians were also permitted to retain full British citizenship.

Criticism
Critics argued that one of the main political motivations behind the new law was to deny most Hong Kong-born ethnic Chinese the right of residency in the United Kingdom in the years preceding the Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984, and later the handover of Hong Kong (then the largest British colony by population) to the People's Republic of China in 1997.

However, CUKCs from Hong Kong had lost their right of abode in the United Kingdom in 1968, unless they were already resident in the United Kingdom before the Commonwealth Immigrants Act. This decision would eventually be reversed in 2021.

Special provisions made in the Act (for those who do not have another nationality and for those who lived a long time in the United Kingdom) means there is little pressure for any change to the current law. Similar legislation was later enacted in Australia (1986), the Republic of Ireland (2004) and New Zealand (2005).

title: British Nationality Act 1981


text:
Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary

The Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) is a United States National Marine Sanctuary located 100 nmi offshore of Galveston, Texas, in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. It contains the northernmost coral reefs in the United States.

Underlying salt domes forced the seafloor upward in various areas of the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in the formation of seamounts and ocean banks. Conditions of the Gulf of Mexico were conducive to reef-building, which started roughly ten to fifteen thousand years ago.

Two reefs, East Flower Garden Bank (EFGB) and West Flower Garden Bank (WFGB), made up Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) when it was initially created in 1992. In 1996, Stetson Bank was added to the sanctuary. The three banks are not contiguous.

The sanctuary contains many aquatic species. Almost three hundred species of fish and over twenty species of coral are found in the sanctuary along with a wide variety of crustaceans, sponges, and plants. FGBNMS provides habitat for many protected and/or threatened species including marine mammals, sharks, rays, and sea turtles. Many fish species important to recreational and commercial fisheries inhabit the banks.

The sanctuary's administrative offices and laboratories are located in a part of the former Fort Crockett in Galveston, Texas. Research Vessel MANTA is also located in Galveston, and provides a working platform for researchers. A system of mooring buoys, which reduces resource impacts from anchoring, is maintained by FGBNMS staff.

Since 2011, the Foundation funded annual scientific cruise ships to monitor the health of the coral in the sanctuary. Researchers record conditions and detect early warning signs consisting of different impacts of climate change and possible environmental crime. Scientists use the long-term data to establish baselines, understand changes and assess why reefs become unhealthy. This ongoing record was priceless in 2016 when the Sanctuary discovered a vast coral die-off in its East Bank. While the event has stabilized, the Foundation continues to dedicate additional funding to support further observation. The Foundation also funds economic impact studies on commercial and recreational activity in the area to understand use and inform protection planning and potential expansion.

History
The ocean banks comprising FGBNMS were first mapped in 1936, when EFGB, WFGB, and Stetson Bank were included in a hydrographic survey of the Gulf of Mexico conducted by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. These initial surveys, along with others conducted in the 1950s, led researchers to conclude that the banks originated when salt domes forced overlaying sediments upward to form seamounts.

Before the early 1960s it was debated whether coral reefs could develop off the Texas coast; some researchers predicted the area would be too cold, or too turbid to support any extensive reef development. A series of scientific scuba diving expeditions, however, revealed that EFGB and WFGB did indeed support extensive coral reef systems. The late 1960s saw the establishment of the Flower Gardens Ocean Research Center (FGORC), a scientific facility whose research inspired federal agencies to begin discussing protecting the banks from human activities, including oil and gas extraction, fishing, and anchoring on the reefs.

With passage of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, the Flower Garden Banks became a candidate for designation as a United States National Marine Sanctuary. The Houston Underwater Club led a movement to have the banks officially designated as sanctuaries by submitting a formal letter of nomination in 1979. President George H. W. Bush authorized Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary as the 10th National Marine Sanctuary on January 17, 1992. The sanctuary was enlarged to include Stetson Bank in 1996.

In June 2008, the marine sanctuary was assigned RV Manta, a research vessel in service with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to be its primary monitoring vessel and standby ship for emergency response.

Expansion
On January 19, 2021, NOAA issued the Final Instruction for expansion of Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. This action protects 14 additional reefs and banks, slightly adjusts the boundaries of the sanctuary's original three banks and expands the sanctuary from 145 km2 to a total of 415 km2. The operative date of this action is March 22, 2021.

The final rule applies existing sanctuary regulations to all the new areas, supplying protection from the destructive impact of activities relevant to fishing with bottom-tending gear, ship anchoring, oil and gas exploration and production, and salvage activities on sensitive biological resources.

These areas include critical habitat for recreationally and commercially important fish, as well as threatened or endangered species of manta rays, sea turtles, and corals in the Gulf of Mexico.

Biology
Diving and sightseeing are popular activities in and near this sanctuary.

The three banks—East Flower Garden Bank, West Flower Garden Bank, and Stetson Bank—are underwater mountains. The banks support coral reefs, some of the healthiest in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic region. These reef communities began developing on the salt domes approximately 10,000–15,000 years ago. Today, they support a complex, balanced ecosystem of shallow and deep-water species.

Flower Garden Banks and areas near the sanctuary are one of only two places in the world where the golden phase of the smooth trunkfish can be found, the other being near the Bay Islands north of Honduras. The golden smooth trunkfish is not a distinct species but a different color variation of the smooth trunkfish that inhabits throughout the rest of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, including Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Scientists have not yet discovered the reason for the color differences in the Flower Garden Banks and Honduran populations. Every August, about a week after the full moon, a mass coral spawning event takes place in and near the sanctuary. For some days, multiple species of star coral and brain corals release gametes into the water. This event allows for genetic mixing between different species of corals and increases diversification.

Manta rays, the largest species of ray in the ocean with a wingspans upwards of 29 ft and weighing as much as 3600 lb, are a common sight in and near the sanctuary. Recent research confirmed that Flower Garden Banks serves as a critical nursery habitat for oceanic manta rays, offering young mantas protection from human activity. The sanctuary works toward the conservation of manta rays through expansion of the habitat.

The spotted eagle ray school in and around the sanctuary during the early part of the year. They have a pronounced head with a snout and distinct white spots and rings on their dark backs. They also have very long whip-like tails, longer than most other rays, with venomous spines used in defense when they are threatened. They can grow to have wingspans of nearly 16 ft.


text:
User talk:Ken Deslarzes

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:13, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Ken Deslarzes


text:
USS Toledo

Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Toledo for Toledo, Ohio:

 * The first USS Toledo (PF-33) was a patrol frigate that was renamed USS Dearborn (PF-33) in 1943.
 * The second USS Toledo (CA-133) was a Baltimore-class cruiser heavy cruiser active during the Korean War.
 * The third USS Toledo (SSN-769) is a Los Angeles-class submarine still in service as of 2020.

title: USS Toledo


text:
User talk:Kahraman

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:14, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
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 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

DNA haritaları ve etnik kimlikler
Merhaba,

Birkaç kullanıcı etnik kimlik sayflarına zorla Dna haritaları koyarak, etnik kimlikleri tekrardan yazmaya çalışıyor. Hiç kimsenin saf kan olmadıgı günümüzde bu tip tavırlar cok saçma olmalı.

Etnik kimlik, kişinin kendisini nasıl tanımladıgına baglı oldugunu düşünüyorum. Örnegin, hiç kimse annemin ve babamın üyesi oldugu etnik grubun dna larının %... bilmem kaçı şurdan, bilmem kaçı burdan geliyor diyerek kendisini tanımlamıyor. Ben Türküm veya İngilizim diyor.

Sizin fikrinizi almak istedim, sizce haklımıyım haksızmıyım ?

Muhabbetle, --TuzsuzDeliBekir 11:03, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

VP
Kullanici adiniz yerine IP ile giriyorsaniz bu anlasildiginda kukla sayilip engelleneceksiniz. Bence bu konuya önem verin ve ayni maddede israrla degisiklik yapmaktan vazgecin. Take this as a warning before it is too late. All the best. --E4024 (talk) 17:37, 1 October 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kahraman


text:
WHOK

WHOK may refer to:

 * WJYD, a radio station (107.1 FM) licensed to serve Circleville, Ohio, United States, which held the call sign WHOK-FM from 2013 to 2015
 * WXMG (FM), a radio station (95.5 FM) licensed to serve Lancaster, Ohio, which held the call sign WHOK or WHOK-FM from 1948 to 2013

title: WHOK


text:
Giovanna of Savoy

Giovanna of Savoy (Йоанна Савойска, Ioanna Savoiska, Giovanna Elisabetta Antonia Romana Maria) (13 November 1907 – 26 February 2000) was an Italian princess of the House of Savoy who later became the Tsaritsa of Bulgaria by marriage to Boris III of Bulgaria.

Early life

Giovanna was born in Rome, the third daughter and the fourth of five children of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and Queen Elena, former Princess of Montenegro. Upon her Roman Catholic christening, she was given the names Giovanna Elisabetta Antonia Romana Maria. Her older brother was the future (and last) Italian king Umberto II of Italy.

Tsaritsa of Bulgaria
Giovanna married Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria in the Basilica of St Francis of Assisi, Assisi on 25 October 1930, in a Roman Catholic ceremony, attended by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Bulgarians deemed her a good match, partly because her mother, Elena of Montenegro, was of Slavic ethnicity. At a second ceremony in Sofia, Giovanna (who herself was daughter of a Roman Catholic father and a formerly Orthodox mother) was married in an Eastern Orthodox Church ceremony, bringing her into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church. Giovanna adopted the Bulgarian version of her name, Ioanna. Giovanna knew the Pope's Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria, Archbishop Angelo Roncalli, the future Pope John XXIII who was able to help her. She and Boris had two children: Marie Louise of Bulgaria, born in January 1933, and then the future Simeon II of Bulgaria in 1937.

In the years prior to World War II, Tsaritsa Ioanna became heavily involved in charities, including the financing of a children's hospital. During the war she counterbalanced her husband consigning Bulgaria to the Axis by obtaining transit visas to enable a number of Jews to escape to Argentina. Tsar Boris also proved less malleable than Hitler had hoped, and following a meeting in Berlin in August 1943, the Tsar became seriously ill and died, aged 49. Stress and a heart condition were the official reasons for his death.

Ioanna's son, Simeon, became the new tsar and a regency was established, led by his uncle Prince Kyril, who was considered more pliable by the Germans.

In the dying days of the Second World War, Bulgaria was occupied by the Soviet Union. Prince Kyril was tried by a People's Court and subsequently executed. Giovanna and her son Simeon remained under house arrest at Vrana Palace, near Sofia, until 15 September 1946, when the new Communist government gave them 48 hours to leave the country because the state was declared republic after a referendum, although the queen wanted to leave Bulgaria after the execution of Prince Kiril on 1 February 1945.

Late years

After initially fleeing to Alexandria in the Kingdom of Egypt, to join her father, King Victor Emmanuel III, they moved on to Madrid. In 1962 Simeon II married and Queen Giovanna moved to Estoril, on the Portuguese Riviera, where she lived for the rest of her life, apart from a brief return to Bulgaria in 1993, when she visited the site of Boris's grave and was present at the reburial of his heart.

She is buried in the Communal Cemetery of Assisi, Italy, where she had married King Boris III in 1930.

National

 * House of Savoy: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
 * Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Knight Grand Cross Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, 3rd First Class
 * Royal Family of Two Sicilies: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Francis I
 * 🇧🇬 House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Alexander, in Diamonds, 1933

Foreign

 * Austrian Imperial and Royal Family: Dame of the Imperial and Royal Order of the Starry Cross
 * Bavarian Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Theresa
 * Russian Imperial Family: Dame Grand Cordon of the Imperial Order of Saint Catherine
 * Yugoslavian Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Sava

Patronage

 * 🇧🇬 Bulgaria: Patron of the 10th Cavalry regiment of Queen Ioanna

title: Giovanna of Savoy


text:
Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical

The Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical is awarded to librettists of the spoken, non-sung dialogue, and storyline of a musical play. Eligibility is restricted to works with original narrative framework; plotless revues and revivals are ineligible. This award was originally called the Tony Award for Best Author, until musicals were split off from dramas.

Winners and nominees
{{legend|#B0C4DE|indicates the winner}}

Award records

 * 3 Wins
 * Hugh Wheeler (2 consecutive)
 * Thomas Meehan
 * James Lapine

 * 2 Wins
 * Terrence McNally
 * Larry Gelbart
 * Peter Stone

Nomination records

 * 5 Nominations
 * Michael Stewart
 * 4 Nominations
 * Douglas Carter Beane
 * James Lapine
 * Terrence McNally
 * Peter Stone
 * Hugh Wheeler

 * 3 Nominations
 * Chad Beguelin
 * Harvey Fierstein
 * Michael John LaChiusa
 * David Thompson
 * George C. Wolfe

 * 2 Nominations
 * Walter Bobbie
 * Alain Boublil
 * Mark Bramble
 * Leslie Bricusse
 * Betty Comden
 * Joe DiPietro
 * Rick Elice
 * Bob Fosse
 * Larry Gelbart
 * Adolph Green
 * John Guare
 * Rupert Holmes
 * Robert Horn
 * Jim Lewis
 * David Lindsay-Abaire
 * Craig Lucas
 * Bob Martin
 * Thomas Meehan
 * Marsha Norman
 * Tim Rice
 * Dick Scanlan
 * Claude-Michel Schönberg
 * Neil Simon
 * Joseph Stein
 * Melvin Van Peebles
 * Andrew Lloyd Webber

title: Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical


text:
Canadian Rugby Union

Canadian Rugby Union may refer to:

 * Football Canada, the governing body of amateur Canadian football in Canada, previously known as the Canadian Rugby Union from 1892 to 1967.
 * Canadian football, the Canadian version of gridiron football, formerly referred to as rugby
 * Rugby Canada, which has governed rugby union in Canada since its incorporation in 1974.
 * Rugby union in Canada
 * Canada national rugby union team, men's
 * Canada women's national rugby union team

title: Canadian Rugby Union


text:
User talk:Kurt Shaped Box

2008 Music Article
Well put the references yourself in then —Preceding unsigned comment added by The King of Clay (talk • contribs) 20:56, 22 December 2007

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--Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:31, 15 April 2019 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Middle finger salute.jpg

A tag has been placed on File:Middle finger salute.jpg requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F2 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a missing or corrupt image or an empty image description page for a Commons-hosted image.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Home Lander (talk) 20:36, 5 August 2020 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Outofcontrol2.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Outofcontrol2.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 02:45, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kurt Shaped Box