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Wedgwood, Seattle

Wedgwood is a middle class residential neighborhood of northeast Seattle, Washington with a modest commercial strip. Wedgwood is located about 2 mi north, and slightly east, of the University of Washington; it is about 6 mi northeast of Downtown. The neighborhood is further typical of Seattle neighborhoods in having more than one name and having different, overlapping, but well-documented definitions of the neighborhood.

The misspelling Wedgewood is not uncommon—it is used by at least five businesses and even appears in the unofficial City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas —but the origin and spelling of the name are clear: the neighborhood was named after the English bone china-maker Wedgwood, the favorite of the wife of Albert ("Al") Balch (1903–1976), the developer who named the neighborhood. Balch was also the founder of adjoining View Ridge.

History
The area has been inhabited since the end of the last glacial period (c. 8,000 BCE—10,000 years ago). The D kh w'Duw'Absh, "the People of the Inside", and the xachua'bsh or hah-choo-AHBSH, "People of a Large Lake" or "Lake People", today the Duwamish tribe, Native Americans of the Lushootseed (Skagit-Nisqually) Coast Salish hunted and traveled through what is now Wedgwood. The Wedgwood Rock, a glacial erratic boulder 19 ft tall by 75 ft circumference became the intersection of a number of trails through dense, old growth forest that covered what is now Seattle. The neighborhood has adopted Big Rock after it was protected from housing development in 1941.

The land that formed the original core of Wedgwood, west of 35th Avenue NE between 80th and 85th Streets, was at one time a heavily wooded ginseng farm. Charles E. Thorpe had cleared a portion of his 40 acre tract north of the Seattle city limits of the time, building a log cabin from the wood of his own trees. By the 1920s, 35th Avenue NE was becoming a thoroughfare with homes and businesses (the first store opened in 1922), the electric (1923), water (1926), and sewer grids had been extended to the area, and it was becoming too urban for Thorpe's tastes. The Jesuit institution Seattle University paid Thorpe $65,000 for the property, planning to build a new campus there and move north from First Hill. Thorpe left Seattle, never to return.

One month later came the Stock Market Crash of 1929. The Great Depression put the Jesuits' plans for the new campus on hold. Thorpe's cabin became St. Ignatius Parish in 1929; the congregation grew through the Depression years, although it was served at that time only by visiting priests. By 1940, the Jesuits had decided not to relocate Seattle University, and sold Thorpe's 40 acre to Albert Balch at a loss, for only $22,500, barely a third of what they had paid for the land in 1929.

A Catholic presence remains in the neighborhood: the parish of St. Ignatius became the parish of Our Lady of the Lake at its present location on 35th Avenue at 89th Street NE (c. 1961).

When Balch obtained the land from the Jesuits, it was still "completely undeveloped, heavily treed, and with only one structure," Thorpe's cabin.

Major development of the neighborhood began during World War II with defense worker housing; initial development was largely by Balch and his partner Maury Setzer. Balch and Setzer built 500 homes on 40 acres (160,000 m², 16 hectares), constituting the center of today's Wedgwood neighborhood. At the time, the area was north of Seattle city limits (Seattle ended at NE 65th Street). In its first act of community organizing, Wedgwood formed its own Volunteer Fire Department (Fire District #19), founded November 11, 1943, absorbed (with Wedgwood) into the city March 20, 1945. During its short life, the volunteer department operated a Ford Model A truck with a pump, based in the garage of a neighborhood home. In this wartime period, many of the volunteer firefighters were women.

Al Balch was a direct descendant of 17th century New England settler John Balch. Possibly in tribute to this heritage, he had the firm of Thomas, Grainger & Thomas design the houses in the Cape Cod style. Each house was unique in some way, and each originally sold for $5,000 ($65,900 in 2005 dollars ); currently (as of 2005, 2006) all go for upwards of $300,000 ($22,800 in 1941 dollars ); many (albeit with updating and often with further improvements and extensions) go for as much as $450,000.

Other portions of Wedgwood have distinct histories of their own. In 1936, Dr. and Mrs. Philip M. Rogers purchased 15 acre between 40th and 45th Avenues NE, from NE 88th Street to NE 92nd Street. Maple Creek flows through this property, forming a ravine. Until shortly after 1950, they left the land almost entirely undeveloped, allowing it to be used as a Boy Scout camp. According to Valarie Bunn, at the time "no traffic noise could be heard and no electric lights" could be seen in the area of the camp. The land was developed in the 1950s. The Earl J. McLaughlin Plat (between NE 85th and NE 90th Streets, and 30th and 35th Avenue NE) was filed in 1907, but at the time there was no city water or electricity in the area. Few lots were sold at that time, and those were sold cheaply. In 1917, Earl J. McLaughlin relocated to Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained active in real estate for 12 years, before emigrating to Canada.

The large P-Patch Community Garden near the west edge of the neighborhood, and the adjoining University Prep School and Temple Beth Am (Reform synagogue) are on land that remained a working farm as late as 1965. Wedgwood has Seattle's oldest and largest P-Patch (mid-1960s); as of 2005, there are now 52 others. The "P" originally stood for "Picardo", the family who farmed the land (1922–1965).

Just south of the old Picardo Farm is Dahl Playfield. Like the P-Patch, it is former peat bog land, once known as the Ravenna Swamp. In the 1940s houses stood on part of what is now the playfield; at that time, Picardo Farm was the site contemplated for a park. However, after sewer lines were built along 25th Avenue NE in the late 1940s, houses began sinking in the peat; the city bought them out and turned the land into the "80th Street Playfield". In 1952, the bog caught fire: portions subsided as much as 5 ft, and the park was temporarily closed. Over the next few years, an estimated 75,000 cubic yards (57,000 cubic meters) of peat was replaced by fill dirt, and the park reopened. In 1955, the park was renamed after a former Park Board director, Waldo J. Dahl. In September 1992, the Wedgwood Community Council officially "adopted" the park.

The Wedgewood [sic] Estates apartment complex on NE 75th Street between 37th and 39th avenues NE was purchased by the Seattle Housing Authority in 2001 in an effort to preserve a supply of moderately priced housing in this part of Seattle.

The Jolly Roger and the Coon Chicken Inn
In 1916, Washington joined Prohibition, and north Seattle saw an upswing in commercial activity. Unincorporated areas of King County accessible by auto became popular locations for speakeasies selling illegal liquor and purveying prostitution and gambling, often in clever guises. One remarkable structure among numerous establishments was the China Castle, later the Jolly Roger, having a unique tower from which a watchman signaled the approach of police, visible from miles away. In the event of a raid, patrons and employees could leave via tunnels such as one under the highway, easily dispersing via the wooded ravine on the other side.

The Jolly Roger continued as a popular dance hall and restaurant. It was designated a Seattle Historic Landmark in 1979. On October 19, 1989, the restaurant, located at 8721 Lake City Way (formerly Bothell Way) burned in an arson fire. The fire was somewhat suspicious, but only relative to its storied past. Police had neither motive nor suspects. Investigators were not able to determine how the arsonist got inside past a burglar alarm, with no signs of forced entry. At the time, the building had just been purchased the week before from the previous owner, with whom the buyer was entangled in legal and financial red tape. The previous owner was in the building removing his possessions the day before the fire. When firefighters arrived hours after the fire had begun in the basement, a man directed them. He seemed so sure of where the fire began that they assumed he was an employee. After the fire was extinguished, the man could not be found. The owners stated that he was not an employee.

One year after the fire, preservation activists sought to have the structure rebuilt. Before their efforts got off the ground, the building was hastily demolished on January 11, 1991, obviating its appeal. A modern oil company-owned convenience store and gas station now stands on the location.

Within view, slightly south of the former Jolly Roger site, on the south side of Lake City Way, The Growler Guys sits on the site of a former Coon Chicken Inn. For nearly three decades, beginning in 1929, the Coon Chicken Inn sold southern-style food in a restaurant whose themes drew heavily on light-hearted, overtly racist stereotypes akin to blackface or the iconic Sambo's on Aurora Avenue N.

Business
Mr. and Mrs. Nick Jacklin opened the first store in what is now Wedgwood in 1922, before either electricity or city water reached the neighborhood. The building still survives as the garage of a house in the 7500 block of 35th Avenue NE. That same block was later (1949–1974) home of McGillivray's Variety and Gift Store, whose range of wares ranged from penny candy, children's clothing and hundreds of different children's birthday cards to "fine collector dolls… in a better selection than… even… the downtown Frederick & Nelson's" and "sequins in every color manufactured".

Half a mile (0.7 km) north, McVicar's Hardware Store (1946–1986)—in the space in the 8500 block of 35th Avenue NE opened shortly after World War II. The shortage of consumer goods right after the war meant that some of their early stock was manufactured on-site from war surplus. Adapting their business to whatever people in the neighborhood wanted to buy, as Wedgwood residents began putting in lawns and gardens, McVicar's sold them the requisite supplies; they sold specialty foods and rented out skis; they were also, for a decade, the only hardware store in the state licensed to sell beer and wine. They ran do-it-yourself clinics on everything from tools to gourmet cooking; in 1954, they were mentioned in a Time magazine article on the do-it-yourself trend.

Today, there is a shopping district along 35th Avenue NE, with concentrations of stores at NE 75th Street and NE 85th Street. A small QFC store at the Wedgwood Center near 85th Street closed in 2021 and is planned to be redeveloped into a mixed-use retail and residential building. The center also has the Wedgwood Broiler, a 1950s American style neighborhood restaurant and bar.

The neighborhood's post office is located midway between the main commercial centers on 35th Avenue. On NE 68th Street, just south of what the city unofficially defines to be Wedgwood proper, is the Seattle Public Library Northeast Branch, the largest neighborhood branch and the second-busiest public library, second only to the Seattle Central Library. The offices and retail store of Birds Connect Seattle (formerly the Seattle Audubon Society) is located in Wedgwood.

Community organizations
In 1946, Wedgwood residents formed Wedgwood Community Club, which lasted for several decades, but eventually petered out. In the 1980s this vacuum was filled by the current Wedgwood Community Council.

The Musicians Emeritus Symphony Orchestra (MESO), Wedgwood's non-profit community orchestra, was founded in 1971 by Seattle mayor Wes Uhlman. MESO was originally intended specifically for older musicians, and as of 2008, the oldest is 91 years old, but now the orchestra includes players of all ages. In 2009 MESO changed its name to Seattle Festival Orchestra (SFO). Currently SFO rehearses and performs in the Wedgwood neighborhood. Four times a concert season, SFO performs at the University Prep Academy.

Education
Wedgwood neighborhood schools (as defined by the unofficial city map) include:
 * Wedgwood Elementary School (Kindergarten–5th grade) – Seattle Public Schools
 * Our Lady of the Lake Parish School (preschool–8th grade) – Roman Catholic
 * Concordia Lutheran School (preschool–8th grade) – Lutheran, is several blocks further south and is east of NE 35th Street, and might be considered to fall well within View Ridge
 * Nathan Eckstein Middle School (6th–8th grade) – Seattle Public Schools, is immediately south of NE 75th Street (considered by some to place it just outside Wedgwood)
 * University Prep (6th–12th grade)
 * Nathan Hale High School (9th-12th grade) in Meadowbrook and Roosevelt High School (9th-12th grade)in Ravenna are rival high schools that split students from Wedgwood.

Religion
Wedgwood and the adjoining View Ridge and Bryant neighborhoods constitute one of the three centers of Seattle's Jewish community, along with Seward Park and the suburb of Mercer Island. Nonetheless, Jews constitute less than 10% of the neighborhood's population. Located in Wedgwood are:
 * Community Center: Stroum Jewish Community Center, now located near Dahl Field
 * Reform synagogue: Temple Beth Am
 * Conservative synagogue: Congregation Beth Shalom
 * Two Orthodox synagogues are within walking distance of Wedgwood, though outside of the city's unofficial boundary for the neighborhood: Emmanuel Congregation and Congregation Shaarei Tefilah, the latter which is associated with Chabad Lubavitch)

Christian churches based in Wedgwood include:
 * Messiah Lutheran Church (Missouri Synod), with a preschool through 8th grade school (Concordia), on 35th Avenue at 70th Street
 * Wedgwood Presbyterian Church on 35th Avenue at NE 80th Street (which also hosts an Indonesian Presbyterian congregation )
 * Our Lady of the Lake Catholic Church, with a parish preschool through 8th grade school, on 35th Avenue at NE 89th
 * Wedgwood Community Church on 30th Avenue at 82nd Street
 * University Unitarian Church, a Modernist structure designed by Paul Hayden Kirk, on 35th Avenue at NE 68th Street

Wedgwood also hosted a congregation of Mars Hill Church, a multi-campus church with several locations across western Washington. The church meets in a renovated Baptist church originally built in 1952 on NE 95th Street near 35th. Official services began in 2007. After the dissolution of Mars Hill in 2014, this became OneLife Community Church.

Geography
Like all Seattle neighborhoods, Wedgwood has no official or universally agreed-upon borders. The unofficial City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas shows its boundaries as
 * bounded on the north by NE 95th Street
 * bounded on the east by 45th Avenue NE
 * bounded on the south by NE 75th Street
 * bounded on the west by a route coming north from NE 75th Street along 25th Avenue NE, then jogging due west along NE 85th Street and snaking up Lake City Way NE to NE 95th Street

This is quite similar to how the Wedgwood Community Council (WCC) defined the neighborhood limits in 1956, the only difference being the western limit. The WCC considered 25th Avenue NE to be the limit all the way north; this excludes the area west of 25th Avenue NE, extending west to Lake City Way NE between NE 85th Street and NE 95th Street.

However, NE 75th Street presents no discernible break in the business strip along 35th Avenue NE, which continues south to NE 65th Street; many of the businesses and churches in these ten blocks identify themselves as being in Wedgwood; some even have "Wedgwood" in their names. If the City Clerk's unofficial borders are accepted, then the landmark Wedgwood Rock, a large 19 ft-tall boulder at the corner of 28th Avenue NE and NE 72nd Street, lies in the adjoining Ravenna neighborhood.

Several other well-documented interpretations exist. Among them, "Seattle Neighborhoods" of HistoryLink.org's Encyclopedia of Washington State History does not define boundaries for Wedgwood, other than as adjacent to surrounding neighborhoods. Their map suggests Wedgwood is between 25th and 45th Avenues, and NE 75th Street may divide from View Ridge neighborhood.

The "Neighbors" project (1996–2000) of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, currently updated as the "Webtowns" section of the on-line P-I, defines Wedgwood a little differently. While they say the boundaries are NE 95th Street to the north, NE 75th Street to the south, 25th Ave NE to the west and approximately 45th Avenue NE to the east, "Neighbors" defines Wedgwood primarily in terms of a series of businesses and other public spaces on 35th Avenue NE, extending as far south as NE 68th Street: from south to north, the Northeast Library (NE 68th), Rod and Judy Neldam's Grateful Bread bakery (NE 70th), the post office at NE 77th, the Wedgwood Broiler (NE 83rd), Matthew's Red Apple Market (NE 85th, since overtaken by supermarket chain QFC), and finally the Fiddler's Inn Pub (NE 94th), built in 1934, a former dive that was fixed up in the early 1990s. They describe Wedgwood as having more in common with Ballard than with Capitol Hill (which is to say, not particularly hip or trendy), and say that downtown Wedgwood along 35th Avenue NE has a look and feel of a small town main street, for better and worse, as it struggles like Main Streets across the country in the age of malls and Internet shopping.

"Neighbors" further asserts that Wedgwood has always been a middle-class neighborhood, trending toward upper middle, with home sales suggesting that it is currently becoming more of a young family area, as the initial 1940s owners reach the end of their lives and Baby Boomers become retirees. Emblematic of this change, the former McVicar's space, after serving as a full-service bicycle shop 1986–2001, is now All That Dance, once Seattle's largest dance studio with an enrollment of more than 1,500—mostly children, (prior to relocating out of the immediate area) a testament to the changes in the area. Wedgwood has long had an active neighborhood council, one of the most active in Seattle, effectively lobbying in and for the neighborhood, as well as working with the unusually numerous schools in the area.

The P-I's current "Webtowns" section has merged Wedgwood and View Ridge with Sand Point and two popular waterfront parks, Magnuson Park and Matthews Beach Park. "Webtowns" Wedgwood is located between Sand Point Way and a small business district on 35th Avenue NE around NE 75th Street. The neighborhood is described as less expensive, though with respect to Seattle housing prices, the comparison is relative to places with expansive views in tonier adjacent neighborhoods like View Ridge and Sand Point, or high demand like the University District.

National standards long adopted by the Seattle Department of Transportation define minor arterials, in part, as generally along neighborhood boundaries: NE 65th, 75th, and 95th streets, and 35th Avenue. High-Resolution Version, PDF format, 16.1 MB Medium-Resolution Version , PDF format, 1.45 MB January 12, 2004. Low-Resolution Version, PDF format, 825 KB January 12, 2004. "Planned Arterials Map Legend Definitions", PDF format. January 12, 2004. The high resolution version is good for printing, 11 x 17. The low and medium resolution versions are good for quicker online viewing. (Source: "Street Classification Maps, Note on Accessing These PDF Files")

title: Wedgwood, Seattle


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User talk:Rquinn de

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Lst27 ( t a l k )  21:20, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Rquinn de


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Stranorlar

Stranorlar is a town, townland and civil parish in the Finn Valley of County Donegal, in Ireland. Stranorlar and Ballybofey (located on the other side of the River Finn) form the Twin Towns.

Transport
The town is located at the junction of the N15 and N13 national primary roads. For nearly 100 years, Stranorlar was the headquarters of the County Donegal Railway system (originally the Finn Valley Railway), with services to Derry and Letterkenny via Strabane (near Lifford), to Ballyshannon and Killybegs via Donegal, and to Glenties. At its peak, the railway had 130 employees. The last train ran from Stranorlar in 1960.

Stranorlar railway station was built by the Finn Valley Railway and opened on 7 September 1863 and finally closed on 6 February 1960. The old railway station was demolished to make way for a new bus garage owned and run by Bus Éireann. To celebrate the millennium, the old clock from the railway station was restored and installed in a new clock tower which sits at the old pedestrian entrance to the railway station yard. The town remains the main depot for Bus Éireann within County Donegal.

The nearest railway station is operated by NI Railways and runs from Derry~Londonderry railway station via Coleraine to Belfast Lanyon Place Station and Belfast Grand Central Station. The strategically important Belfast-Derry railway line is to be upgraded to facilitate more frequent trains and improvements to the permanent way such as track and signalling to enable faster services.

The next nearest railway station is Sligo railway station where Iarnród Éireann, trains run to Dublin Connolly.

The town is served by the Bus Éireann No. 64 (Derry/Galway) service which connects the town to Donegal Town, Ballyshannon, Bundoran, Sligo and Letterkenny. There is also a regular service to Lifford and Strabane. TFI Local Link routes 264 (Ballyshannon/Letterkenny), 288 (Ballybofey/Derry), 290 (Ballybofey/Letterkenny), 988 (Cloghan/Letterkenny) and 1426 (Stranorlar/Convoy/Derry) also service the area.

Education
Stranorlar is home to St. Columba's College and Finn Valley College. The town is also home to three primary schools. St Mary's primary school, Robertson National School and the Sessiaghoneil school.

Religion
Isaac Butt MP, founder of the Home Rule Movement is buried in the churchyard of the Church of Ireland (C of I Church) which is a registered monument. The Catholic Church of St Mary is an imposing 19th Century structure. There is a Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland and a Presbyterian Church of Ireland church in Stranorlar also.

Drumboe Killings
In November 1922, during the Irish Civil War, a column of Anti-Treaty IRA irregulars from the 2nd Northern Division were captured at Dunlewey in west Donegal by the National Army and held in Drumboe Castle outside Stranorlar. On 14 March 1923, they were taken from the castle to the nearby Drumboe woods and summarily executed.

There is a memorial to the four men near the Church of Ireland and Bus Éireann depot buildings, and since 1924 there has been a commemoration march to the monument each year by republicans.

The 4 executed men were:

 * Charlie Daly (26), from Knockane, Firies, County Kerry;
 * Daniel Enright (23), from Patrick Street, Listowel, County Kerry;
 * Timothy O'Sullivan (23), Patrick Street, Listowel, County Kerry;
 * Seán Larkin (26), Ballagherty, Magherafelt, County Londonderry.

Sport

 * Finn Valley Athletics Club has its track in the town.
 * There is an 18-hole golf course and game fishing in the River Finn, and nearby is the Lough Alann bird sanctuary.
 * Stranorlar is home to Finn Valley Rugby Club

Tourism
Drumboe Woods are the major attraction of Stranorlar. The woods are managed by Coillte and provide walking routes along the banks of the River Finn and the upper woods. Outside the town, a small folly called The Steeple is a popular destination for many walkers. From the top of the tower, on a clear day, the hillfort of The Grianan of Aileach can be seen. There is a raised ring fort at Dunwiley, outside the town. There are numerous guest houses throughout the town and on the main street is Stranorlar's only hotel. Kee's Hotel is a family-run hotel, first established in the 19th century as a coach house. The vernacular architecture of the town is largely 19th-century solid two and three-storey townhouses, one or two of some interest. Unfortunately, they are rapidly being lost to development.

Notable people

 * Peter Benson, builder and architect, who laid out the new town of Stranrolar
 * Frances Browne, poet and novelist
 * James Boyle, MP
 * Redmond Gallagher, racing driver
 * Helen O'Clery, writer
 * Jason Quigley, boxer

title: Stranorlar


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BNY Mellon Center (Pittsburgh)

BNY Mellon Center is a 55-story skyscraper located at 500 Grant Street in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Standing 725 ft tall, it is the second-tallest building in the city. Announced on March 27, 1980, the tower was completed in June 1984. It was initially planned to be the world headquarters of the Dravo Corporation (now Carmeuse Corporation) by its majority owner at the time and current neighbor U.S. Steel until Dravo was purchased in 1983. Upon opening, the building was named One Mellon Center after Mellon Financial Corporation, which used the tower as the company's global headquarters. In 2007, the company merged with Bank of New York to form The Bank of New York Mellon; the resulting corporation continues to use the building as one of its major offices. In 2008, the building was renamed to its current moniker as part of a branding initiative by The Bank of New York Mellon.

Prominent features of the building include its eight-sided design and mansard roof. The tower is connected to the U.S. Steel Tower through a tunnel which passes through Steel Plaza subway station. BNY Mellon Center is the ninth-tallest building in Pennsylvania (as well as the second-tallest within the state outside of Philadelphia) and 195th-tallest skyscraper in the world, and also the building with the highest taxable property value in Allegheny County, surpassing even the U.S. Steel Tower. On clear days, it is possible to spot the building from as far as 50 miles away, usually from the top of Chestnut Ridge.

History
The 500 block of Grant Street was for decades the site of the Carlton Hotel, Plaza Building and the "Interlude Lounge" across the street from the Allegheny County Courthouse on the current complex's southern extreme. In the early 1980s, U.S. Steel, which has its global headquarters one block north at the U.S. Steel Tower bought the land Mellon Center was to be built on and planned a 54-floor skyscraper replacing the Carlton Hotel and Plaza Buildings. The naming rights originally went to the Pittsburgh manufacturing firm Dravo Corporation and was to serve as their leased headquarters space (while still owned by U.S. Steel). After the recession of the late 1970s and early 1980s combined with the rapid deindustrialization of the 1980s, Dravo was bought out by a foreign conglomerate and its regional facilities were shuttered. U.S. Steel, having diversified into oil and other industries, sold the almost completed skyscraper on February 16, 1983, to a Connecticut Limited Partnership, the 500 Grant Street Partners, for what was then the second-largest real estate purchase in Western Pennsylvania history.

In March 2010, installation began on a new rooftop sign that would replace the old Mellon signage with the company's new triangular logo and the new brand name "BNY Mellon". The effort lasted until the end of 2010.

On Monday, March 29, 2010, at approximately 4:30 p.m., a maintenance worker committed suicide by intentionally falling from the roof. The worker who died, from the North Side region of the city, was a 10-year employee of the building's maintenance contractor.

The NY Mellon lease ends in 2028 and the building's future after that is uncertain.

Popular culture
The skyscraper features prominently in the 1983 film Flashdance (while still under construction) and the 1998 Michael Keaton film Desperate Measures (serving as part of the "hospital"). It also makes cameos in Sudden Death, Striking Distance and the 2010 rap video "Black and Yellow".

title: BNY Mellon Center (Pittsburgh)


text: User talk:66.55.217.228

title: User talk:66.55.217.228


text:
Talk:Major Taylor

Untitled
The "List of doping cases in cycling" contained a thin accusation -- that because Major Taylor spoke of experiencing hallucinations, he was probably taking nitroglycerine. That accusation has been removed, so the link to the section is no longer appropriate.

(==1896==
 * Marshall Taylor of the USA was the American champion. He refused to continue a New York race, saying: "I cannot go on with safety, for there is a man chasing me around the ring with a knife in his hand." Nitroglycerine was used to stimulate the heart after cardiac attacks and was credited with improving riders' breathing, but they suffered hallucinations from the exhaustion and the drugs. )

Taylor was exhausted from riding for several hours during the six-day race at Madison Square Garden. He did complete this competition. On page 18 of his autobiography, Taylor describes being "sleepy, hungry, thirsty and fatigued, and begged them to allow me to dismount." KThistory (talk) 11:34, 1 May 2024 (UTC)

More appropriate might be a discussion of possible doping that pre-dated doping testing. Amanda bee (talk) 12:12, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

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Requested move 30 November 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved (closed by non-admin page mover)  SITH   (talk)   18:14, 26 December 2018 (UTC)

Marshall Taylor → Major Taylor – As the velodrome, boulevard, society and association commemorating him all use the name "Major Taylor", this appears to be his WP:COMMONNAME by which the article should be titled. But I'm not a cycling expert, nor an American, so I await the comments of other editors. Pam D  14:42, 30 November 2018 (UTC) --Relisted. –Ammarpad (talk) 06:01, 8 December 2018 (UTC)  --Relisting.   SITH   (talk)   21:05, 15 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Support. "Major Taylor" is used often as the title of books about him, it's used in the majority of international authority controls at VIAF and WorldCat, the Major Taylor Association, etc. --Animalparty! (talk) 02:26, 22 December 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

World record regressed?
The list of world records shows 1:19 for 1 mile in 1899, followed by 1:33 2/5 for the same distance in 1908. Both are notated as motor-paced. How could the later mark have been a world record? 2601:642:C201:210:34D2:3969:AD0F:8101 (talk) 22:11, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Major Taylor


text:
Talk:Andronovo culture

BC to BCE: get with the Zeitgeist!
As this article is neither thematically Christocentric nor theological in tone or Worldview, the inclusive BCE convention has been standardized throughout as has been common in the revisionist bastion of the Ivory Tower for over 30 years.

Walking my talk in Beauty

B9 hummingbird hovering (talk • contribs) 23:53, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The "E" does not change anything by logic, only by some redefining of standard abbreviations. In BOTH abbreviations, everybody may as well read "Christian", "current", or "common", each of which can be misunderstood by extremists. So what???HJJHolm (talk) 05:33, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

Weak Evidence of Iranian Connection.
The evidence available that relates Andronovo culture to Iranians (or even Indians), is extreemly weak, yet it is often cited (especially among western scholars). The article needs input from the opposing view. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.16.113.3 (talk) 20:57, 24 March 2013 (UTC)
 * The opposing view being the Turkic identification? The evidence for this one is even flimsier. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 16:40, 3 April 2014 (UTC)
 * "Views" are of no help ever. It needs facts or at least fully (!) referenced academic hypotheses.HJHolm (talk) 13:52, 3 April 2022 (UTC)
 * This is in particular true regarding the colported view "Most [sic!] researchers associate the Andronovo horizon with early Indo-Iranian languages, though it may have overlapped the early Uralic-speaking area at its northern fringe.[13=Beckwith 2009)], and later below referring to Mallory only. In the de.wiktionary, all archaeologists appear to be rather opposed to that view!!! And Andronovo is overwhelmingly R1a-Z93, we find nearly NOTHING of that in India (in contrast to Iran).HJJHolm (talk)

Rejecting homogeneous Indo-Iranian identification of Andronovo
In the comment field I recently read about the circumstance that due to the fact that sources which are partially questioning the Indo-Iranian identification of Andronovo are not regarded reliable by some users at all. In regard to the above mentioned occasion, I quote some supplementary data from academic circles.

- 'More on Archaeology and Language: Mario Alinei, Richard N. Frye: Current Anthropology'', Vol. 44, No. 1 (February 2003), pp. 109-110. Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. DOI: 10.1086/345686:'''
 * "A migration-free theory that assumes the continuity of all European and Asiatic populations from Paleo-/Mesolithic times is gaining consensus not only among prehistorians (cf., e.g., Marcel Otte's and Alexander Hausler's work) but also, and especially, among linguists (Alinei 1996-2000 n.d.; Ballester n.d; Cavazza 2001; Costa 1998; Poghirc 1992). In this framework not only Andronovo but also the whole cultural sequence that precedes it, from Srednyi Stog to the Pit Grave, Catacomb Grave, and Timber Grave cultures (cf. Makkay's comment), can only be seen as expressions of an already developed Turkic branch of the Altaic population, originating in Central Asia in Paleolithic times. Among other advantages, this conclusion produces (1) a straightforward explanation of the numerous Turkic loanwords for horse terminology in Samoyed and other Uralic languages, as well as in Slavic, and (2) a convergence between a hippocentric geo-cultural scenario, on the one hand, and the continuity of the archaeological record, on the other ("The steppe tribes of horse-breeders and mobile pastoralists had already begun, in the Copper Age, to play the role which they were to continue to play for the next 5,000 to 5,500 years of human history" [Chernykh 1992:42-3]), pace Anthony and other scholars who continue to cultivate the myth of the hippocentrism of the Indo-Europeans and the Indo-Iranians. The origin of the Iranians, in turn, must be sought in Iran itself, and their role in the steppes should be seen as an aspect of a later expansion from the south (see Khlopin 1990:177). The Bactrian Margiana complex, in my opinion correctly interpreted by Lamberg-Karlovsky as opposed to Andronovo, may well be an important aspect of the Iranians' earliest northern expansion."

- Archaeology and Language: The Indo-Iranians, by C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, Harvard University, Current Anthropology Volume 43, Number 1, February 2002, © by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, pp.63-84:
 * "Russian and Central Asian scholars working on the contemporary but very different Andronovo and Bactrian Margiana archaeological complexes of the 2nd millennium b.c. have identified both as Indo-Iranian, and particular sites so identified, are being used for nationalist purposes. There is, however, no compelling archaeological evidence that they had a common [Indo-European] ancestor or that either is Indo-Iranian. Ethnicity and language are not easily linked with an archaeological signature, and the identity of the Indo-Iranians remains elusive. [...]. There are serious problems in determining the chronology of the Common Altaic protolanguage. The question is not whether an Altaic protolanguage existed but how shared linguistic material due to early contacts can be distinguished from that inherited from the supposed Common Altaic. Whatever the answer to this question, it is very unlikely that in the chronological range of Andronovo and the Bactrian Margiana complex a Common Altaic (still) existed. This means that the possible languages of the bearers of these archaeological cultures can only be Turkic or Mongolian (for several reasons I would exclude Manchu-Tunguzian and other supposed Altaic languages such as Korean or Japanese).[...]. Both Proto-Turkic and Proto-Mongolian could, however, reflect a culture like the Andronovo. [.]. It is not surprising that the majority continue to hold the view that the bearers of the Andronovo culture spoke Indo-Iranian. Consensus is not, however, the hallmark of all responses. [...]. Renfrew favors an Indo-Iranian identity for the Andronovo, and he fully realizes that there is not a shred of evidence that identifies the Andronovo with the traditional homeland of the Indo-Iranian-speakers either on the Iranian Plateau or in South Asia. There is, however, clear evidence for a Bactrian Margiana presence on the Iranian Plateau (Amiet 1984, Hiebert and Lamberg-Karlovsky 1992) and in South Asia (Jarrige 1993, n.d.). [...]. Such diversity among the Andronovo appeals to me. Framing the question as what language the Andronovo spoke is, I believe, misdirected. The Andronovo was made up of many cultures subject to constant change; some may have spoken Indo-Iranian, others Proto-Turkic, and yet others Proto-Mongolian, and, pace Mallory, there may have been an occasional Finno-Ugric-speaker among the lot."

- '''C.C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, In: The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History. Edwin Bryant, Associate Professor of Early Indian Religions and Laurie Patton, Laurie Patton, Routledge 2013, pp.142-172:'''
 * "Thus, there is an equally valid quest in searching for the homeland and subsequent migration of the Altaic languages (Turkish, Mongolian), Ugric (Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian) - see Gamkrelidze and Ivanov for a full listings of these language families and Elamo-Dravidian. Each of these three language families have their roots on the Eurasiatic steppes and/or in Central Asia. The fact that these language families, compared to Indo-European, are of far less interest to the archaeologist with regard to the study of homeland(s) and/or subsequent spread, may have a great deal to do with the fact that it is primarily speakers of Indo-European who address this topic in search of their own roots. [...] Although there is a consensus among archaeologists working on the steppes that the Andronovo culture is in the right place at the right time, and thus is to be considered Indo-Iranian, there is neither textual, ethnohistoric, nor archaeological evidence, individually or in combination, that offers a clinching argument for this consensus."

That's all for the beginning, I hope that these implementations were helpful. -- Radosfrester  talk to me  17:30, 4 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Alinei, Otte, Häusler and Ballester – the whole citation cartel. Oh dear. Compared to the Paleolithic Continuity Theory and their Anglo-Saxon caveman logic (we don't know which languages culture X spoke so let's reject the consensus proposal that they spoke Proto-Y and speculate they spoke Proto-Z instead – uhm, when your whole point is that there is no direct evidence, only circumstantial evidence at best, how about not speculating at all?!), Erich von Däniken's fantasies appear almost credible. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 23:10, 5 January 2014 (UTC)
 * There is no need to question the credibility of the given sources, and especially no need to defame the authors as well. If there are reliable sources, we should integrate them into the text, this would surely enrich the article and confirm the ongoing research. -- Radosfrester  talk to me  22:10, 14 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Thank You, Florian. The human (pre)history has ever been also a history of migrations, increasing with the improvements of transportation. In spite of Otte and Häusler. The book of Elena E. Kuz'mina (2007), The origin of the Indo-Iranians, edited by J. Mallory. Brill, Leiden, needs to be incorporated. ISBN: 978 90 04 16054 5.HJJHolm (talk) 06:24, 24 March 2014 (UTC)
 * Best answer by Florian. No need to discuss anymore. --Zyma (talk) 05:39, 3 April 2014 (UTC)
 * True, HJJHolm. Are you ready to give it a whirl? I would also like to point out that Alinei's circle is academically isolated and ignored. Nobody outside their circle takes them seriously. PCT is, as confirmed by Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses, fringe science at best, and given how wildly out of tune it is with scientific principles (see Ringe), pseudoscience wouldn't be an inappropiate characterisation. See also Issyk kurgan, where Radofrester incorporated the view of a scholar notorious for outrageous Turkocentric ideas who treats the lack of reactions from other (mainstream) scholars (hence, peer review) as confirmation and insinuates that those who oppose his conclusion do so because of ideology (Galileo gambit and BTW, nice psychological projection coming from a Turkocentrist), classic red flags of crackpot-style argument. If other scholars ignore you, that doesn't mean you win (per qui tacet consentire videtur); scholars just don't bother to reply to unsubstantiated hypotheses (per extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence) because they're busy and their time is limited. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 16:36, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

Physical anthropology
"Archaeological investigations likewise suggest that in the steppe region of Central Asia and the Altai Mountains, the first food production began towards the end of the third millennium BC and that the peoples who first entered this region were Caucasoid of the Afanasevo culture who came from the Aral Sea area (Kelteminar culture)."

I don't see anything in the sole citation given for this that supports these statements. Where does it say "Caucasoid", or that Afanasevo was the first culture to enter the Altai, or anything about Kelteminar?

Another thing worth mentioning is that the Ismagulov link looks like a self published source.

This section emphasizes the 'Caucasoidness' of of Andronovo, but some authors note "Mongoloid" features in some skulls.. However this is not to say that I am suggesting this citation should be added, because I'm sure this section will come under futher scrutiny soon. There has been increased discussion about the validity of relying on racial-taxonomical concepts in the appearance/anthropology sections of these types of articles, i.e. at Talk:Scythians. - Hunan201p (talk) 22:19, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

Chronology
The sources cited are fine; however, it is not such simple to draw an exact start and end, depending on at least the still actual radiocarbon curves in Further, it MUST be made clear wether the sources include, e.g. at the beginning of Andronovo, the Sintashta, Petrovka, Fjoderovo, Krotovo, or Karagash II complexes. HJJHolm (talk) 05:46, 29 July 2023 (UTC) HJJHolm (talk) 05:46, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

Genetics & archaeology mistake
"Keyser et al. (2009) published a study of the ancient Siberian cultures, the Andronovo culture, the Karasuk culture, the Tagar culture and the Tashtyk culture. Ten individuals of the Andronovo horizon in southern Siberia from 1400 BC to 1000 BC were surveyed." See the chronological difference? - I looked it up, and beware, ALL miscitations! K (Table 1) gives all Andronovo results correctly by "1800-1400 BC" which I now corrected here in the article.HJJHolm (talk) 05:50, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

I added the significance of the abundant R-Z93 SNPs based upon counting in Quiles "all-ancient-dna--207-73; cf. also SNP'-tracker R-Z93.

A request to the other editors: 1. Please start the sub-paragraphs with Author and year, the journal belongs into the references. 2. Please note the SNP as in may example, because the DNA nomenclature changes too often. Thank You. HJJHolm (talk) 06:25, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Andronovo culture


text:
Wedgwood Rock

Wedgwood Rock is a glacial erratic (known to geologists as the Wedgwood Erratic) near the neighborhood of Wedgwood in Seattle, Washington. Its mineral composition matches that of Mount Erie, on Fidalgo Island in Skagit County, Washington, 55 mi north. Prior to the establishment of the Wedgwood neighborhood, the erratic was known first as Lone Rock and later simply as Big Rock. Transported to its site by the Puget Lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the Vashon Glaciation more than 14,000 years ago, it was a landmark for Native Americans in what was once a dense forest.

Today, the rock sits in a residential neighborhood on 28th Avenue NE, near NE 72nd Street, still surrounded by trees and brush, and kept clear by local residents.

19th century
In 1881, the rock, known at the time as Lone Rock, was part of the 160 acre farm of William Weedin. An anonymous 1881 letter to the Seattle Daily Intelligencer about a Fourth of July picnic at the rock described it as "in a dense forest" on Weedin's land, and as "a single rock 80 ft in circumference and 19 ft in height, rather oval-shaped, covered with a solid network of moss and interspersed with liquorice, with its graceful fern-shaped foliage hanging in festoons around it." This rock has an estimated mass of 700 MT.

In 1888 the Weedin property passed to Mary Miller, widow of William Miller. William Miller, an ally of Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens, fought in the Puget Sound War and Yakima War of 1856–1857.

20th century and later
By the early 20th century, the rock was known as Big Rock. With the Miller family's permission, members of Seattle's Mountaineers Club practiced their rock climbing techniques there. Edmond S. Meany, president of Mountaineers and a professor at the nearby University of Washington brought his students to the rock to learn about glacial movement and land forms. Later, Boy Scouts also learned to climb there, taught by German-born climber and scout leader Wolf Bauer. REI founder Lloyd Anderson taught Mountaineers and Boy Scouts at the rock. Among the prominent climbers whose training started at Big Rock were German-born Fred Beckey and Jim Whittaker, who became the first American to reach the top of Mount Everest.

Mary Miller's son Winlock Miller, a member of the U.W. Board of Regents and a promoter of Mount Rainier National Park, kept the land around the rock undeveloped into the 1940s. He sold in the 1940s to developer Albert Balch, who promised Miller that the area immediately around the rock would be preserved as a park, but failed to keep the promise. In 1946, a citizens group tried and failed to convince the Seattle City Council to preserve the area as a park against landowner Balch's wishes.

Although surrounded by houses, the rock remained a destination for picnickers, university students, climbers, and, in the 1960s, hippies. In reaction to the last and their perceived drug use, the Seattle City Council passed an ordinance in 1970 making it a crime to climb the rock, punishable by a fine up to $100.

title: Wedgwood Rock


text:
The Daily News (Halifax)

The Daily News was a tabloid newspaper in Halifax, Nova Scotia, that was published from 1974 until ceasing operations in February 2008.

History
The Daily News owed its existence to David Bentley, who, along with his wife Diana and Patrick and Joyce Sims, founded The Great Eastern News Company Ltd. in 1974 and started publishing a weekly broadsheet named The Bedford-Sackville News. This paper focused on the suburban communities of Bedford and Lower Sackville within the Halifax-Dartmouth metropolitan area.

The Great Eastern News Company Ltd. was initially published out of Bentley's home but a press was acquired in 1978 and the company moved into a new building. A year later the format changed to a tabloid and began publishing six days a week as The Bedford-Sackville Daily News. The paper gained a reputation for printing stories not covered by its competition, The Chronicle Herald, some of which were considered sensational. In 1981, Bentley's company moved to downtown Halifax from its suburban base and redubbed its tabloid as The Daily News, while gaining a reputation for hard-hitting stories and expanded sports coverage.

In 1985 the Newfoundland Capital Corporation gained a controlling interest in the paper and complete ownership in 1987 which resulted in a move to Dartmouth. The paper was subsequently redesigned and a press upgrade made it one of the first papers in Atlantic Canada to incorporate colour; on October 2, 1988 it became the first paper in the region to publish a Sunday edition. Under NCC ownership, the tendency for sensational coverage was tempered as the paper became more mainstream.

On July 1, 1997 NCC sold the paper to Southam Newspapers, which was controlled by Conrad Black's Hollinger Corporation. On November 15, 2000, Hollinger sold The Daily News, along with the majority of its major Southam papers to CanWest Global Communications in what was termed the biggest media deal in Canadian history.

Over several years, CanWest Global attempted to use The Daily News to bolster its news team at its Global Maritimes TV station, however this ended on August 9, 2002 when the paper was sold to GTC Transcontinental Inc., along with other former Southam properties in eastern and western Canada.

GTC Transcontinental redesigned the paper in 2003, maintaining the tabloid format and relocated it from Dartmouth to downtown Halifax.

Closure
On February 11, 2008, GTC Transcontinental executives made a surprise announcement to staff and readers that The Daily News would cease publication effective immediately, citing declining advertising revenue and circulation subscriptions.

The Daily News was replaced with a local version of the free Metro newspaper aimed primarily at commuters.

A total of 92 staff members from the newsroom, circulation department, and printing plant were given severance packages based upon 2 weeks salary per year of employment with the newspaper. The Halifax edition of Metro has rehired 20 staff members while other staff may be placed with GTC Transcontinental newspapers elsewhere in Atlantic Canada.

Additional information

 * The Daily News is credited with being the first Canadian newspaper (and one of the first in the world) to have an online edition.
 * The Daily News published the work of the political cartoonist Michael de Adder.
 * The paper had a pullout Weekend HFX section.
 * The connection to Bedford-Sackville was maintained with a weekly insert dedicated to the suburban area in which it was founded.
 * The paper offered an internet edition using Zinio which allowed readers to view the actual hardcopy layout online.

title: The Daily News (Halifax)


text:
Hyder Consulting

Hyder Consulting was a multi-national advisory and design consultancy with particular specialisation in the transport, property, utilities and environmental sectors. The firm employed approximately 4,200 people across the UK, Europe, Germany, Middle East, Asia and Australia and had been listed on the London Stock Exchange since October 2002. The name Hyder is the Welsh word for "confidence".

In October 2014 it was acquired by Arcadis NV.

History
Hyder was formed in 1993 when engineering firms Acer Group and Wallace Evans Ltd were acquired by Welsh Water and subsequently merged.

Acer Group was itself an internationally recognised consultancy practice formed in 1987 by the merger of John Taylor and Sons (established 1739) and Freeman Fox and Partners (established 1857), and joined in 1991 by Sir Bruce White, Wolfe Barry, and Partners.

Hyder Consulting was subsequently acquired by Western Power Distribution, which prompted Hyder's senior management to instigate a management buy-out that was completed in January 2001. The firm was then listed on the London Stock Exchange in October 2002.

Freeman Fox and Partners had been involved in Melbourne's West Gate Bridge disaster in 1970. Thirty-five construction workers were killed and 18 injured in the collapse, and it remains Australia's worst industrial accident to this day. Other structures involving Freeman Fox and Partners included the Sydney Harbour Bridge (1932), the Adomi Bridge (1957) and the Erskine Bridge (1971).

title: Hyder Consulting


text:
Maria Bartiromo

Maria Sara Bartiromo (born September 11, 1967) is an American conservative journalist and author who has also worked as a financial reporter and news anchor. She is the host of Mornings with Maria and Maria Bartiromo's Wall Street on the Fox Business channel, and Sunday Morning Futures With Maria Bartiromo on the Fox News channel.

Bartiromo worked at CNN as a producer for five years before joining CNBC in 1993, where she worked on-air for 20 years. With CNBC, she was the host of Closing Bell and On the Money with Maria Bartiromo. She was the first television journalist to deliver live television reports from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. She has won several awards for her work on these programs, including two Emmy Awards. Nicknamed the "Money Honey", she garnered considerable attention within the financial industry in addition to the media. Her work for CNBC was largely non-political in its subject matter and approach. She sits on the boards of a number of non-profit and civic organizations.

In 2013, she left CNBC to host shows for Fox. During the presidency of Donald Trump, she became an advocate for the Trump administration, giving him frequent unchallenging interviews and amplifying his conspiracy theories. She is one of three Fox Corporation program hosts named in a $2.7 billion defamation lawsuit by Smartmatic relating to unproven conspiracy theories used in attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. As of April 2023, the lawsuit was in the discovery phase. Bartiromo was among the hosts named in the Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News Network defamation lawsuit for broadcasting false statements about the plaintiff company's voting machines that Fox News settled for $787.5 million and required Fox News to acknowledge that the broadcast statements were false.

Early life and education
Bartiromo was born to Italian-American parents Vincent and Josephine Bartiromo, and was raised in the Dyker Heights area of Brooklyn in New York City. Her father owned the Rex Manor restaurant in Brooklyn, and her mother served as the hostess. Her mother also worked as a clerk at an off-track betting parlor. Her mother's family was from Agrigento, Sicily. Her grandfather Carmine Bartiromo immigrated to the United States from Nocera, Campania in 1933, settling in New York and serving in the US Armed Forces.

Bartiromo attended Fontbonne Hall Academy, an all-girls private Catholic school in Bay Ridge. During this time, she worked at the coat check at her father's restaurant and as a stock clerk at a wedding dress shop. She was fired from the latter for trying on newly arrived dresses before putting them away; she recalled "I cried the whole way home, but I learned a valuable lesson and that is – do your job."

Bartiromo started college at C. W. Post before transferring to New York University. During her college years, she worked at the same betting parlor where her mother worked. She graduated from NYU's Washington Square Campus in 1989 with a Bachelor of Arts in journalism and economics.

While at NYU she became involved with radio, interning on Barry Farber's show on WMCA 570. Farber was impressed by her willingness and capability in doing behind-the-scenes tasks associated with the role. Following that, she interned at CNN.

CNN
After her internship, which began in 1988 or 1989, Bartiromo spent five years as an executive producer and assignment editor with CNN Business. Her supervisor at CNN was Lou Dobbs, who later became a colleague at Fox Business. She also worked as a production assistant for Stuart Varney there.

Live from the stock exchange floor
In 1993, Bartiromo was hired by executive Roger Ailes to replace analyst Roy Blumberg at CNBC, and began reporting live from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, as well as hosting and contributing to the Market Watch and Squawk Box segments. Bartiromo became the first journalist to deliver live television reports from the raucous floor of New York Stock Exchange. The Guardian newspaper described the scene as, "viewers could watch Bartiromo amid the tumult on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, straining her voice to be heard as she delivered reports to camera ..., her 5ft 5in frame [1.65m] often jostled by burly traders. " She has said of that innovation: "I got bumped around a little, but it was very exciting — a new, instantaneous way of reporting market news. We immediately had a big following. "

Bartiromo was the anchor and managing editor of the CNBC business interview show On the Money with Maria Bartiromo (called The Wall Street Journal Report during much of this time). Beginning in 2007, she hosted The Business of Innovation. She hosted several other programs, including Closing Bell (2002–2013), Market Wrap (1998–2000), and Business Center (1997–1999). She became known for the ability to get CEOs of companies in the news to come on her show for an interview. She became influential.

"Money Honey"
Bartiromo appeared on television shows such as NBC Universal's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and Late Night with Conan O'Brien, CBS Television Distribution's The Oprah Winfrey Show, HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher, Warner Bros. Television's short-lived The Caroline Rhea Show, CNBC's even shorter-existing McEnroe, and Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, as well as guest-hosting on the syndicated Live with Regis and Kelly.

Over the years, writers for multiple media outlets have commented on her good looks and likened her appearance to that of the Italian actress Sophia Loren. It is a comparison that Bartiromo has acknowledged and welcomed as a compliment.

Bartiromo was nicknamed the "Money Honey" in the mid-to-late 1990s, a moniker that she had conflicted feelings about lest it diminish her credibility as a financial journalist. In January 2007, Bartiromo filed trademark applications to use the term "Money Honey" as a brand name for a line of children's products, including toys, puzzles and coloring books, to teach kids about money. By some accounts she later let the trademarks expire.

Continued prominence
Bartiromo anchored the television coverage of New York City's Columbus Day Parade beginning in 1995 and was the Grand Marshal in 2010.

In 2006–07 there was controversy over Bartiromo possibly being too close socially to some of the executives she was covering, which included overseas trips with some such sources. In part, that was part and parcel of her role to add "pizazz and drama". As The New York Times wrote, "in her years as CNBC's most recognizable face, [she] has lent to the reporting of once gray business news a veneer of gloss and celebrity." But the Times noted that: "Typically, Ms. Bartiromo's interviewing style can be probing, aggressive and, her special access notwithstanding, she can make even some of her best sources sweat a bit on camera. " CNBC defended her on the matter, saying that the trips in question were properly approved and that "her journalistic integrity was never compromised", and Bartiromo retained the confidence of NBC upper management.

Following the financial crisis of 2008, which featured the collapse of some Wall Street firms and the federal bailouts of others, Bartiromo commented in an interview: "I'm a free-market capitalist who would like to think that the market can correct itself. Unfortunately, the structures we have in place dropped the ball. The boards of directors were asleep at the wheel. So were the regulators. I believe that so-called independent boards of directors should be held accountable for their firms, too. Wall Street today faces the wrath of their shareholders and the scorn of the public. There's got to be substantial change from within to regain public trust. "

Bartiromo signed a new five-year contract with CNBC in late 2008. Her salary there was around $4 million a year. Former colleague Dylan Ratigan has said that Bartiromo "is a generational icon for financial television. Full stop. "

Early years and ratings
On November 18, 2013, it was announced that Bartiromo was leaving CNBC to join Fox Business (FBN). According to the Drudge Report, her deal with Fox Business called for her to anchor a daily market hours program and to have a role on Fox News as well. Her first show with Fox Business was Opening Bell with Maria Bartiromo. She expanded the subject domains she covered to include not just the stock market but also larger questions of public policy and the overall economy.

Since her time with the Fox Business channel, the ratings for her show began to surge when she became an important news source for Trump supporters.

Presidential debate host
The developments of the 2016 Republican presidential nomination race benefited her ratings, as she developed an on-air relationship with Trump.

In regard to the 2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums, she was one of three moderators for Fox Business of the debate of November 10, 2015 at the Milwaukee Theatre and she and her colleagues were credited with keeping a focus on economics and for overseeing a largely civil discussion among the candidates. She even drew some boos from the audience for suggesting that likely Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton had much more relevant experience than the candidates on stage. She then co-hosted on Fox Business another Republican debate, this time on January 14, 2016 in the North Charleston Coliseum, one that was not previously planned but awarded on the basis of the first performance. One assessment of the North Charleston debate was that the moderators were initially mild but got tougher as the debate went on and delved more into matters economic.

During the 2016 general election, she commented on the differing ways that Wall Street would react to either candidate winning. She received a good deal of attention during this period for her sartorial choices for the traditional Al Smith Dinner. But as the election ran on towards its conclusion, Bartiromo took an increasingly sharp pro-Trump stance, such as repeating trolling Internet posts attacking Clinton.

Donald Trump presidency
After Trump became president in 2017, she became an advocate for the Trump administration, frequently repeating administration talking points. She also gave friendly, non-challenging softball interviews to Trump and amplified Trump administration conspiracy theories and falsehoods. In her Trump interviews, she expressed agreement with and did not question Trump's claims, many of which had been debunked as false or unsubstantiated. Making reference to allegations that Trump's predecessor, Barack Obama, used the U.S. intelligence community to spy on the Trump campaign and transition, Bartiromo said that 2016 requests by Obama administration officials to unmask the identity of an American who was the subject of a counterintelligence operation (who turned out to be Trump associate Michael Flynn) was "the biggest political scandal we've ever seen. " Attorney general Bill Barr named federal prosecutor John Bash to lead an investigation, which concluded months later with no findings of substantive wrongdoing and no public report.

In late November 2020, after Trump lost his bid for reelection, Bartiromo conducted the first post-election interview with Trump. Before the interview, Bartiromo texted Mark Meadows, then Trump's chief of staff, with advice that included questions she planned to ask Trump. In the interview, she backed Trump's false claims of election fraud and his attempt to overturn the election results, claiming that Trump was being overthrown in a "coup". Bartiromo was criticized for her conduct in the 45-minute interview, in which she never asked Trump to substantiate his claims of fraud. Brian Stelter of CNN contrasted his recall of Bartiromo's earlier career to his perception of her time spent interviewing Trump as "Maria Bartiromo, once a feared and acclaimed journalist, best known for working the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, forcing CEOs to tell the truth, now sits behind a desk and invites the president to lie and lie and lie." Trump praised Bartiromo as being "brave" for her approach to discussing the disputes. Bartiromo then defended herself by claiming that much of the media, such as CNN and The New York Times, were taking a side and engaging in "election interference". In his November 2021 book, Betrayal, former ABC News chief White House correspondent Jonathan Karl reported a November 2020 incident when Bartiromo called attorney general Bill Barr "to complain that the DOJ hadn't done anything to stop the Democrats from stealing the election." Barr told Karl, "She called me up and she was screaming. I yelled back at her. She's lost it. "

Promoter of "election fraud" falsehoods
According to media reporter Brian Stelter, Bartiromo's unsourced and poorly sourced on-air conversation with Sidney Powell on November 8, 2020, largely started the network's false and potentially defamatory claims about the election, which Trump lost -- Bartiromo did no fact checking, no push back, nor even ask for evidence, merely repeating "unhinged" and false claims. Bartiromo was an outspoken proponent on her program of baseless allegations that rigged voting machines stole the election from Donald Trump. Hosts Lou Dobbs and Jeanine Pirro also promoted the falsehoods on their programs. Attorneys for Smartmatic, a voting machine company that had been baselessly accused of conspiring with competitor Dominion Voting Systems to rig the election, sent Fox News a letter in December 2020 threatening legal action and demanding retractions that "must be published on multiple occasions" so as to "match the attention and audience targeted with the original defamatory publications." The three programs each ran the same three-minute video segment refuting the baseless allegations days later, consisting of an election security expert being interviewed by an unseen and unidentified man, though none of the three hosts personally issued retractions. In February 2021, Smartmatic filed a $2.7 billion defamation suit against Fox News, three of its hosts, including Bartiromo, and two network guests. A New York State Supreme Court judge ruled in March 2022 that the suit against Fox News could proceed, dismissing allegations against two individuals, though claims against Bartiromo were allowed to stand.

In January 2021, after the storming of the U.S. Capitol that was carried out by a mob of supporters of Trump, Bartiromo hosted Trump economic advisor Peter Navarro on her show, where he falsely claimed in the interview that Trump had won the election. Bartiromo concurred, falsely claiming, "We know that there were irregularities in this election. " In a broadcast on January 19, she falsely claimed that Democrats wore MAGA clothing and were behind the storming of the Capitol. In July 2021, Bartiromo referenced Ashli Babbitt, who was shot while part of a pro-Trump mob trying to push through a barricaded door inside the U.S. Capitol building, a "wonderful woman" who "went to peaceful protest."

Ratings success
Five years after joining the fledgling network, both her shows and the channel itself was surpassing CNBC in audience size some of the time. In September 2019, she signed a new multi-year deal with FBN. That year, TheStreet.com reported that Bartiromo had an annual salary of $10 million, seventh highest among American television news anchors of any kind.

During the latter part of January 2021, at the outset of the Biden administration, Fox News gave Bartiromo a trial run to head one of Fox News' primetime slots, the new weekday 7 p.m. Fox News Primetime political opinions show. Her guest hosting stint began the week of January 25, 2021. She did not get the time slot.

In February 2021, Smartmatic sued Fox Corporation, Fox News, Bartiromo, Dobbs, and Pirro, for defamation, seeking $2.7 billion in damages. In response her lawyers moved to have the case against her dismissed, saying that she was just reporting on presidential claims during an historically controversial election and that Smartmatic was really trying to make up for poor business performance. Dobbs (by then off the air at FBN) and Pirro filed separate but similar motions for dismissal. In February 2023, the court refused to dismiss the suit.

Books and other publications
Bartiromo is the author of several books. Her first was Use the News: How to Separate the Noise from the Investment Nuggets and Make Money in Any Economy (HarperCollins, 2001). Her next two books were The 10 Laws of Enduring Success (Crown Business, 2010) and The Weekend That Changed Wall Street (Portfolio Hardcover, 2011). A fourth book, of which she held the status of co-author along with James Freeman, was titled The Cost: Trump, China, and American Renewal (Simon & Schuster, 2020).

Awards, honors and memberships
Bartiromo is the recipient of an Excellence in Broadcast Journalism Award (1997); a Lincoln Statue Award presented by the Union League of Philadelphia (2004); a Gracie Award, for Outstanding Documentary (2008); and two Emmy Awards, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Coverage of a Breaking News Story (2008) and an Emmy Award for Outstanding Business and Economic Reporting (2009).

In 2009, the Financial Times listed Bartiromo as one of "50 Faces That Shaped the Decade". In 2011, she was the third journalist to be inducted into the Cable Hall of Fame. In 2016, she was inducted into the Library of American Broadcasting.

The Maria Bartiromo Broadcast Journalism Studio at Fontbonne Hall Academy, the high school she attended, is named after her. She was the keynote speaker for Fontbonne's 80th anniversary gala in 2018.

Bartiromo is on board of trustees of New York University, her alma mater. She gave the commencement speech at the NYU Stern School of Business in 2012. She has also taught there, acting as an adjunct professor at the Stern School from 2010 to 2013. The seminar that she co-taught in fall 2010, titled "Global Markets and Normative Frameworks", filled its registration in 10 minutes.

She has been on the board of trustees for the New York City Ballet. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Economic Club of New York. She has been on the board of the Girl Scout Council of Greater New York, Public Education Needs Civic Involvement and Leadership (PENCIL) in New York, and the Young Global Leaders of the World Economic Forum. She is a member of the board of governors of the Columbus Citizens Foundation, and in 2010 was the grand marshal of the Columbus Day Parade.

Personal life
In 1999, Bartiromo married Jonathan Steinberg, chief executive officer of WisdomTree Investments and son of billionaire financier Saul Steinberg. They first met in 1990, soon after her college graduation. The ceremony was held at the home of the bridegroom and was officiated by a rabbi.

The couple own a beach house in the hamlet of Westhampton, New York. They have also lived in a five-story townhouse on Manhattan's Upper East Side.

In popular culture
Bartiromo appeared as herself in several films: Risk/Reward, a documentary about the lives of women on Wall Street (2003); the 2009 remake of The Taking of Pelham 123, an action film about armed men who hijack a New York City subway train; the sequel drama film Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010); the documentary Inside Job (2010); and the finance thriller, Arbitrage (2012).

Joey Ramone, of the punk rock pioneers The Ramones, developed a friendship with Bartiromo after his band broke up in the late 1990s. He subsequently wrote a song titled "Maria Bartiromo" that appeared on his solo album Don't Worry About Me, released posthumously in 2002.

title: Maria Bartiromo


text:
Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party

Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party (Dalit Worker Peasant Party) was an Indian political party founded in 1984 by the remains of the Lok Dal. The DMKP was mainly based in Uttar Pradesh. It was led by former Prime Minister Charan Singh. It was founded on 21 October 1984. It was merger of Charan Singh's Lok Dal, Democratic Socialist Party of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, Rashtriya Congress of Ratubhai Adani and some members of Janata Party like Devi Lal. Later it changed its name to the Lok Dal.

In 1984 Lok Sabha election, DMKP contested on 168 seats and won 3 seats.

Prominent members

 * Charan Singh, founder of Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party.

 * Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, was president of campaign committee for 1984 general election.
 * Karpoori Thakur.
 * Devi Lal.
 * Mulayam Singh Yadav, was Uttar Pradesh president of party unit.
 * Phagu Chauhan.
 * Kumbha Ram Arya.
 * Savita Ambedkar, was DMKP's candidate for Raebareli Lok Sabha constituency.

title: Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party


text:
Daily News (Durban)

Daily News is a daily newspaper owned by Independent News & Media SA and published every weekday afternoon in Durban, South Africa. It was called Natal Daily News between 1936 and 1962 and The Natal (Mercantile) Advertiser prior to 1936, going back to the 19th century.

In June 2010 the newspaper had daily average sales of 57,000 and an estimated daily readership of 320,000 people. It is an English-language newspaper and was first published in 1878.

Supplements

 * Tonight (Monday–Friday)
 * Bollyworld (Monday)
 * Motoring (Thursday)
 * What's the Bet (Friday)
 * Workplace (Wednesday)

title: Daily News (Durban)


text:
Talk:International development

Wikipedia Ambassador Program assignment
This article is the subject of an educational assignment at University of Utah supported by the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2013 Spring term. Further details are available on the course page.

Above message substituted from on 15:24, 7 January 2023 (UTC)

Other Goals?
I propose that the SDGs or the transition from the MDG to the SDG agenda should be documented in this section, or in its own section underneath the MDGs. Considering the influence these goals have on international development policies and projects, it would be helpful to define this shift.Dhyeya.P (talk) 19:33, 9 November 2018 (UTC)

History of Development
I propose removing or replacing the 3 paragraphs that start "International development has existed as long as nations have existed." This redefines ID in a way that is too broad to be helpful, is not consistent with common usage, and is inconsistent with the rest of the article. It is true that international relations and international trade have a longer history, but international development as a field of study and practice really started after WWII. I don't see any reason why the wikipedia article should take a different position than most text books. Unless there are any objections in the next couple of days, I will make the appropriate changes to the history section (and remove the link to Shah Waliullah for same reason), Cheers. APB-CMX 02:58, 3 March 2007 (UTC)
 * The above suggestion is well-taken. If we look back at human history, it is simply not true that "international development" has existed for very long. For most of the history of nations, war and conquest was the rule. The theoretical, practical and fiscal concern of actually 'aiding' other nations in and of themselves, and/or understanding how they can develop to promote human welfare is a relatively new concern. Perhaps in part because social mobility - including accessible and widespread wealth - is also a relatively new feature of the general human experience. In sum, I agree with APB above in the suggestion to remove or replace this misleading suggestion that the existence of nations and the idea of international development somehow relate or connect. Globalfix (talk) 18:43, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

the field of international development may not have existed after WWII but that doesn't mean that the process of development doesn't exist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.2.129.39 (talk) 19:04, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

china?
The following qoute should be tempered. It is well known that if you take out China (which has not followed liberalism, but rather a state-guided capatalism- quite the opposite), poverty in the world has not decreased. This is an entirly misleading statement. someone please share their thoughts before I change anything. This is the qoute: "By the 1990s, development theory had reached an impasse [5] and some academics were imagining a postdevelopment era[6]. The Cold War had ended, capitalism had become the dominant mode of social organization, and UN statistics showed that living standards around the world had improved over the past 40 years[7]. Nevertheless, a large portion of the world's population were still living in poverty, their governments were crippled by debt and concerns about the environmental impact of globalization were rising." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 129.171.49.168 (talk) 16:03, 19 February 2007 (UTC). I have heard similar criticism of development statistics in the past, but I am unsure if the numbers from China merely pad the increase in global development or are the sole cause of a positive vs. negative growth percentage in world poverty statistics. Could you include a link to the statistics you are citing? 204.227.243.16 19:08, 9 April 2007 (UTC)pkmilitia An article from Wikipedia's poverty article should help to clear up any confusion about rising poverty rates and the influence of China's development on overall poverty statistics. [] This article written by Xavier Sala-i-Martin, a Professor of Economics at Columbia University, states that, "The exact growth of income per capita in China is a key determinant of the reduction of worldwide poverty, given its large size and the remarkable rate at which it has reduced poverty. Using only survey data, the World Bank estimates that $1-a-day consumption poverty in China fell from 53 percent in 1980 to 8 percent in 2000.[13] Although China is an important part of this success story with a decline in the poverty rate from 32 percent in 1970 to 3.1 percent in 2000, which accounts for 251 million people escaping poverty, it is by no means the whole story. Indonesia’s poverty rate declined from 35 percent in 1970 to 0.1 percent in 2000. Thailand, with a poverty rate over 23 percent in 1970, had practically eliminated poverty by 2000. In fact, with one exception, all of the countries in this region experienced reduction in poverty rates; the only country in which the poverty head count increased was Papua New Guinea." It goes on to detail an increase in the number and percentage of people rising above the poverty line in South Asia (minus Nepal), and an increase in development in Latin America when measured from 1970 to the present, with most occuring in the first decade, and a more modest backtracking since. It also deals with Africa, which has gotten poorer over the same period, and shows an increase in development in post-Soviet states, when they abandoned state-run economies, and began shifting towards a more market-driven economic approach. So overall, China does play a role but its rise is not the sole cause of numbers detailing increasing global development. 204.227.243.16 19:38, 9 April 2007 (UTC)pkmilitia

Please add info
I gave it my best go, and I think what content is there reads pretty well. Still, someone who knows something about the topic should definitely go in and add some more information. I was also somewhat concerned about the use of "some think that" in the last section, but I didn't know and the previous version didn't specify either. So that'd be something for someone who knows these things to add.
 * Well...before I do anything, I want to run by some ideas to anyone who might be following this topic. The first is that "Development Theorists and Practioners" could be merged with "Development Studies" and "Development Economics" under those sections. Also, there should be a separate "Law and Development" article, detailing that area. Also, I included a section of Regional Development Agencies and the thing that immediately came to mind were the regional banks, but I wanted to leave it open for others. And maybe it is not even necessary, I am not sure how best this page would be organized yet. Working on some ideas. Gibbsale 09:27, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Some ideas to elaborate on:
 * WID (women in development)
 * GAD (gender and development)
 * GED (gender, environment, development)
 * gender/women in environmental conservation
 * gender/women and stuctural adjustment
 * gender/women analysis of micro-credit
 * difference of practical and strategic needs
 * further explanations on the making of underdevelopment —Preceding unsigned comment added by Saraheli (talk • contribs) 01:54, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Incorporate lists into text
This article is list-heavy and text-light. I'd like to see a lot of the terms, theories, etc incorporated into a textual discussion of their relevance to international development rather than simply sit, unexplained, in list form. I don't really have the time to do this at the moment, however... --The Way 05:09, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
 * You caught me in the middle of making some revisions! I added the lists first, but have since added a big chunk of text (a section called 'the era of development'). I intend to add more text at a later date. I believe that both text and lists are needed if this is to become the definitive article on international development. Note: I have not touched the old section on 'Methods and concerns', which is now partially redundant. Does the original author want to make some edits, or shall I take a go at this? APB-CMX 11:26, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Development in Practice
I've added a development in practice heading with "methods and concepts" as a sub-heading. I think this could include explanations of how development projects might actually work - what is taken into account (such as participation, women, children etc). There could also be a section on development sectors (health and sanitation, education, shelter, human rights, governance etc) explaining what they are and what their effects are.Tkn20 04:36, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Development theory
Currently the article on 'Development theory' is virtually without content and this article has a big section on it--would it be appropriate to move the section into that article? Countermereology 16:31, 12 February 2007 (UTC) Modernization Theory & Dependency Theory are two main development theories/schools of thought. If others agree this is where those ideas belong I will find the time to write up some of their main theories, once I am done writting an essay on them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Saraheli (talk • contribs) 01:46, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

Economic development article
What is the relationship between the Economic development article and this one? What should that relationship be? Jeremy Tobacman 22:00, 31 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the best way to classify the distinction is 'economic theory' versus 'history & policy'. Also, the models discussed in economic development appear to relate primarily to domestic (ie, internal to the country) requirements for growth, while the concepts discussed on international development relate to global aims, goals, policies, etc. My recommendation would be to maintain two separate articles, otherwise they risk becoming too long and confusing. Specifically, the relation should be the discussion and explanation of economic theory (ie, Harold-Domar model) versus global policy aims. Admittedly, it is a difficult matter to parse precisely - but clearly important and worthwhile! Globalfix (talk) 18:54, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

some changes
I changed sustainable to long-term as much of what is done under the heading of international development cannot be considered sustainable. Sustainability is a fairly new concept in development and is only gradually being incorporated outside of the rhetoric, and I think it would be wrong to portray international development as being distinguishable from humanitarian assistance on the basis of sustainability. I am also looking to come back and include alot more on the history of international development, but I don't think the 'theories' section should be a sub-section of 'history'... Should it just be its own heading perhaps?

Livelihoods
I added some substance to the Livelihoods section. As the SLA is widely respected in policy circles and in use today by development agencies and organizations, there should really be a new article focusing simply on the approach's history, framework, connection to development theory, and how it is utilized in development practice. Perhaps someone could start this up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bjjulian (talk • contribs) 02:11, 27 September 2010 (UTC)

q4r
United Nations.Hote Belvedere Starcraft.Adi 1/1 343225854767.579786255828000000000000000000$ 79279818846829468991763972846284682648929764/7272864927618649164391916361829000000000000000000000000000000000000$ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.24.76.183 (talk) 20:26, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

Opening Image
Hey, sorry, I hope it doesn't come off as rude, but the image of global indicators does not look entirely professional and I feel when we're discussing such a serious matter we should want to have better images. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.123.191.52 (talk) 04:53, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

Rights-based approach
My name is Aryn and I am apart of the Wikiproject Foreign Policy initiative. I am currently developing an article devoted to rights-based approach to development and I would like to add a subsection on this page or add some additional information either in the capacity building section or the human rights section. Please let me know what you think of this. Thanks. Aerapp (talk) 18:36, 13 April 2011 (UTC)

Finance Edit within "Practice"
I propose to elaborate more on the “Finance” section of the “Practice” subtopic. While this section is linked to two other pages, the actual information given is very broad. The statement “several organizations and initiatives exist which are concerned with providing financial systems and frameworks…” has no citation and is simply just a claim. In order for the information given on this page to actually be useful, an actual organization needs to be cited for proof. My proposed change is as follows:

The International Monetary Fund is one organization concerned with reducing the frequency of crises among the emerging market countries, specifically the middle-income developing countries that are open to massive capital flows. A second goal of the IMF for developing countries is to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and poverty reduction. The IMF also examines the economic policies of countries requiring assistance in the form of loans to determine if the shortage of capital was due to fluctuations or policy. Financial assistance is given to countries as loans and these loans have certain conditions such as economic policy reform.

Proposed revision of Self Help Group (finance)
The rationale for expanding this article is that in it’s current iteration, it that it is too brief. Self-help groups (SHGs) are part of a large-scale anti-poverty intervention in India that reaches over 30 million people or households (Shyamsukha, 2011). The self-help group model is the largest part of the microfinance movement in India. This model links small groups of mostly poor women to the national banking system through the National Bank and Rural Development or NABARD. According to Chakrabarti (n.d.) “Over the past decade, NABARD’s “SHG-Bank Linkage Program” aimed at connecting self-help groups of poor people with banks, has, in fact, created the largest microfinance network in the world.” The volume of loans, people impacted by the loans, government and NGO funding and public interest of this effort warrants greater knowledge on the topic.

Chakrabarti, R. (n.d.). The indian microfinance experience – Accomplishments and challenges. (Master's thesis, Georgia Tech)Retrieved from website: http://www.isb.edu/caf/File/The-Indian-MicroFinance-Experience.pdf

Shyamsukha, R. Microfinance Information Exchange, Inc., (2011). India: post microfinance crisis results. Retrieved from website: http://www.themix.org/publications/mix-microfinance-world/2011/11/india-microfinance-post-crisis-results

Here is an outline of my proposed changes:

1 Structure expand section to define NABARD 1.1 How SHGs differ & are similar to other MF groups 2 Goals 2.1 Theory behind MF expanded social capital, increased female participation in village level decision making, increased female participation in family level decision making, increased training for women 3 NABARD's 'SHG Bank Linkage' program provide more detailed information about the government agencies that work to promote SHG membership 4 Advantages of financing through SHGs 4.1 Empirical evidence Limitations of SHGs discussion of concerns regarding MF as a whole, and specific to India 5.1 Post-economic crisis concerns 5.2 Empirical evidence of limitations 5 References NOTES: Addition of a notes List of Acronyms used table 6 External links add links to NABARD

Feedback and comments greatly appreciated.

--PaulaStockman (talk) 19:40, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

PaulaStockman (talk) 19:40, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Global decline of extreme poverty
You may be interested in contributing to this discussion regarding the global decline of extreme poverty.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:List_of_common_misconceptions#poverty

Benjamin (talk) 02:53, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

International-development.gif
The graph of "...key indicators of human well-being ... since 1970" is low resolution, not to mention being from 2009. If anyone can find a better graph, or the original data for making a new graph, you should do that. EDIT: I forgot to sign, and I've also started work on a new graph using google sheets https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ICfNMqiYfFTHhmoZxG0cmRVb6tQOvBnrwz7lcl-689s/edit?usp=sharing Talib1101 (talk) 21:18, 19 January 2019 (UTC)

Merge with economic development
I have done a lit review and I can't find any scholarly work that differentiates between those terms; there are used as synonyms. The articles are effectively forks of the same concept. Note that Economic development only mentions the other article in 'see also', while International development clearly states in the lead "Historically, development has often been largely synonymous with economic development. More recently, writers and practitioners have begun to discuss development in the more holistic and multi-disciplinary sense of human development. Other related concepts are, for instance, competitiveness, quality of life or subjective well-being" (but this is sourced to a video). This mess needs a cleanup, and the first step is to combine those two articles to avoid pointless forking. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 07:05, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Mild support. I think a merger could be a good idea, although it might not be easy to integrated the existing content seamlessly. What would be the title of the merged article? I would prefer "international development" but that's because I used to work in that sector so I am more familiar with the term. It might also be more overarching. Also keep in mind the article sustainable development which is distinct but will also have overlapping content. EMsmile (talk) 07:47, 11 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Disagreement. Academic journals and degree programmes still use 'international development' and 'development' interchangeably to encompass a broader range of concerns than economic development. As the first user alluded to, the related page 'Human Development Index' shows the wider concerns captured in modern notions of development.Jojuj (talk) 10:37, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Disagree. I have a masters degree in International Development, I can tell you it is very different to Economic Development, mainly as it takes into account factors beyond the economy such as sustainability, humanitarianism, transnational aid, health services. You need to do another literature review frankly as your statement on not finding any scholarly work that differentiates between those terms is laughable for those that have studied these two separate fields within social science. One solution could be to merge economic development into one of the many articles on economics such as economic system, or development economics, I can see that this area is messy but definitely disagree that this merge is chosen. Mountaincirque talk 10:48, 16 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Disagree. The desire to subsume development under economics is part and parcel of the Growth Fetish (2003) and the antithesis of green growth and sustainable development. It's a neoliberal talking point that naked monetary growth floats all boats hence trickle down FTW. I actually have a modicum of cautiously bounded sympathy for the neoliberal position, but at the same time I concede that it's a horribly tilted starting point from which to approach the larger societal issues, and as such I would never even begin to consider merging these two articles. — MaxEnt 21:52, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

False image

The blue line is trying to be relative to both the year 2000 and the year 1990 and failing miserably at the former. — MaxEnt 21:40, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:International development


text:
Joliette station (Montreal Metro)

Joliette station is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Green Line. It is located in the district of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. The station opened on June 6, 1976, as part of the extension of the Green Line to Honoré-Beaugrand station.

Overview
Designed by architect Marcel Raby, it is a normal side platform station built in tunnel. The walls of the platform have a unique yellow brick façade. It has no transept, with closed staircases leading to the mezzanine above; this gives access to two exits, one on either side of rue Hochelaga. The mezzanine contains a large illuminated mural sculpture by the architect, entitled Thème des mouvements du soleil ("theme of the sun's motion").

Origin of the name
This station is named for rue Joliette. Barthélémy Joliette (1789–1850) served in the House of Assembly and Legislative Council of Lower Canada; he also founded the village of L'Industrie (later Joliette, Quebec).

Nearby points of interest

 * Collège de Maisonneuve
 * CLSC Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
 * See also CLSC
 * Parc Lalancette

title: Joliette station (Montreal Metro)