text:
Talk:Underworld (2003 film)

Minor edit
My last edit was minor, forgot to check it off. Whoops. --Fitly 22:57, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Music
I cannot understand what is the relation between mynard james keenan & underworld.

 * A Perfect Circle on the soundtrack? --Ajshm 23:46, 8 May 2005 (UTC)
 * yes, a remix of Judith from (mer of nomes).. i've never liked that song.. the lyrics are just too much..--Amr Hassan 22:22, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Incorrect spelling in ALL Underworld Articles
In the first movie, the lycan scientist's vials that hold vampire and lycan blood are labeled "vampyre" and "lycan" respectively. This needs to be changed throughout all the articles. 4.252.208.124 02:41, 14 May 2007 (UTC) In the written intro to Underworld: Evolution it's spelled 'Vampires' so apparently that's just the way Singe spells it.

lawsuit by white wolf
There should probably be some note of the lawsuits regarding this film (and associated video game) brought by the White Wolf roleplaying company. --Dante Alighieri | Talk 17:11, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * added some info on it and a link, not sure about the outcome, will have to look into that. Boneyard 13:40, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Did some extensive Google searching on the case, was only able to find an expedited hearing report in September, 2003, but nothing at all after that. I'll check Lexis-Nexis from the local college library sometime within the next couple of days to see if any interesting filings can be found there, but White Wolf's sudden clamming up about the matter after that press release, followed by Sony's continuing ahead with the movie release, DVDs, and a sequel, suggests that the case was quietly settled out of court with terms that included no further public discussion of the case. I've added an update to this effect. --Robotech_Master 20:26, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I think this is more than a little speculative. If someone has some usuable context for this ("Famous Game Insider shamelessly speculates that", then fair enough, but otherwise, we should just present the verifiable facts.  Alai 01:26, 22 June 2006 (UTC)
 * In my opinion, that lawsuit was garbage. I mean, Underworld is nothing at all like White Wolf.  Except that it has vampires and werewolves, but guess what?  Those are mythical creature not created by White Wolf.  Voicingmaster 03:00, 13 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The problem, though, lies in two things... one, the argument as to whether or not 'Vampires vs. Werewolves' can be considered to be a 'classic myth of the monsters' or something invented for World of Darkness story reasons. After all, how often is such a conflict seen in fiction outside of the White Wolf games?  The other issue is the fact that Nancy Collins wrote a World of Darkness novel that tells pretty much the exact same story, except gender-reversed.  There are other little things worth noting, like the movie's referral to a vampire-werewolf hybrid specifically as an 'Abomination.'  There is also the very real possibility that if Underworld tanked and White Wolf later came out with a World of Darkness movie, then the American populace (some of whom didn't even know the Lord of the Rings movies were based on novels) would assume that a WoD movie would be a ripoff of Underworld and leave it with a harmful stigma.  And the last thing to consider is this... under US copyright law, if a company thinks their trademarks have been infringed upon, they're forced to at least attempt to sue or they lose any right to do so in the future.  It's been commented by one of the company's employees (although the source can no longer be found online as it was on their old forum which has since been shut down) that one thing that hurt White Wolf's lawsuit was the fact that they didn't go after the Blade movie, which bears more in common with Vampire: the Masquerade than Underworld does.--MythicFox 13:04, 13 December 2006 (UTC)
 * No, actually US copyright law makes as many requirements on what White Wolf has to do with their trademarks as US food processing laws do.--Prosfilaes (talk) 20:40, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

The section ends with a speculative statement, which is discouraged by WP:OR and WP:NOT. Removing it. David Spalding ( ☎   ✉   ✍  ) 19:53, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

It's 2008 and the last pertinent point is that a judge granted an expedited hearing in September 2003. The courts may be slow, but I doubt they're that slow! Also, that last tidbit is per a statement by White Wolf. The fact that that was White Wolf's last public statement on the matter may be relevant, but it would probably better to cite orders directly. A check in PACE using the case number from the complaint should turn something up. I can try to do that in the next couple of weeks, but anyone who wants to beat me to the punch, feel free. InMyHumbleOpinion (talk) 06:49, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

Y'know
When I read a film article, I want to know the important plot details, not read a fucking cop-out like: "Several dark secrets about the history of vampires and werewolves, as well as Lucian and Viktor's past are revealed in the film's climax."

Seriously, what the Hell? --Apostrophe 21:21, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Strangely, my issue is in completely the other direction. What on earth is the point of a section beginning "The following list is designed to help by describing who kills who"? Is there any reason to keep this list? I have never seen such a list in other film articles (although I have seen very terse plot summaries that do not give spoilers away in plenty of other articles). --Telsa ((t)(c)) 21:28, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I deleted the section on character deaths. Deleted due to the fact that it was stupid, pointless, and insulting to inteligence.
 * Really, if you're so stupid that when some vampire gets pinned down by a lycan and then he walks to him, opens its mouth roaring and the camera cuts away, and you can't figure that that lycan killed that vampire, you seriously need to stop watching action movies. And you're sure as hell damn stupid if you didn't know Selene semi-decapitates Victor.  Voicingmaster 03:09, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

prequel or second sequel
does anyone know anything about the prequel? I'd like to have some info.--BUF4Life 03:22, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Where would be the appropriate place to put info about a prequel? also, does anyone else think from the ending of Underworld: Evolution that it will be a sequel to that movie, not a prequel?--BUF4Life 03:23, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

It's unknown whether it will be a sequel or a prequel or a sequel with prequel flashbacks. It's left to Wiseman to decide what will happen next in the franchise. If next one is successfull enough (as I suspect it will be), then he can do another movie or two perhaps. So it's all about Wiseman now. Painbearer 10:30, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Corvinus
although someone went through a lot of work and wrote articles on almost every possible aspect of this movie franchise, the historical figure of Mathias Corvinus that almost certainly inspired the surname of Michael Corvin, or rather, that of his progenitor Alexander Corvinus, is not even briefly mentioned anywhere. interestingly enough, Alexander Corvinus is described as an immortal, a role similar to that of Mathias Corvinus in Slovene lore, where he is believed to be asleep in a cave, waiting for the right time to awake and resume his just reign. just thought this might be worth mentioning...

Plot Outline is Much Too Long
Why is this so long? And what point does it serve? If you haven't seen the film, it gives the whole plot away to the minutest detail and if you have seen the film it is completely redundant cos you know it all already (assuming you didn't fall asleep whilst watching it). Maybe somebody here could tell me what exactly is the point??? Colin4C 18:09, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Point is, this is what happpens when die hard fans work on the articles of the films they love. They go overboard. And boy do I agree that someone needs to take a machette to this plot outline. It is worst I have seen so far. RoyBatty42 03:05, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

I second the notion; so much that I, whilst being a fan as well, have started mincing it to the essentials. If anyone can find an effective way to condense it even further without removing too much, go for it.The Bulldozer 20:39, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Plot summary
Get rid of the extensive plot summary.

Plot Outline
I have added the general storyline of the movie, though I couldn't find it to watch it so it's possible it's out of order some what. Also, I did gloss over a few things I couldn't remember but I think have everything important (or most everything). But if someone who has the movie on hand to watch and update what I have it would be appreciated. I also thought it might be good if we added something about what the vampires and lycans actually are, like what they look like and how they change and things like that. I added a short blurb about the Corvinus blood line and the virus, but I'm not sure that's sufficient.Jupiterzguy 02:19, 29 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Do you think you could actually reduce the size of the summary a bit? I don't know if it's necessary to describe everything that happens in the movie! - Eyeresist 04:45, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Plot summary...should be a summary
Hi all, The plot summary is supposed to be a summary, not a minute by minute recounting of the film action ("And then so-and-so fires three rounds at so-and-so, and they fire back, and then so-and-so is wounded, and then..."). Right now (October 2nd, 2008), the plot summary is at about 1,160 words. The Film article style guide for Wikipedia suggests 700 words. Since this film has an ambitious mythological backstory, I think you could argue that it needs more words than a Steven Seagal shoot-em-up film plot summary, but not 1,160 words. I will trim the summary down a bit.OnBeyondZebrax (talk) 03:54, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Hi, I came back and trimmed more. My friends, look at a plot summary of a movie in a magazine, such as Rolling Stone or Preview. You will never see minute-by-minute accounts, like "and then so-and so shoots three rounds and so-and so, but the gun jams, and then a henchman fires a burst from a submachine gun, and then XXX falls down, but he is only wounded, and when YYY approaches, he stabs him in the leg with a cryptonite blade, but then one of the first people who is shot gets up and fires again, but the bullet glances off the concrete wall, and XXX withdraws the blade, and then....." (a made up example of excessive detail). We should "pull back" and describe the "big picture". In the silly made-up example above, we could say "XXX and YYY have a gun battle in which several of their henchman are killed, and both XXX and YYY are wounded."  We don't need to describe the details of the onscreen action.  The plot summary should be more about the BIG issues, like who the main characters are, what is motivating them, what the main structural points are (e.g., X betrays Y, or Q becomes a traitor, etc), and how the drama resolves.OnBeyondZebrax (talk) 15:44, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Ambitious?
"While the film and its sequel opened to mixed reviews they have developed somewhat of a cult following, as films of their kind are seldom so ambitious." Do we have a citation for this perceived "ambition"? Otherwise, I think it should be rewritten or removed, since it smacks of fanness and does not explain itself in the least.

Delorted. I also did some other edits in the article, including deleting the "details" section, seeing as most of the data was already in the righthand sidebar at the top of the page.Juno Loire 16:09, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Underworld movie poster.jpg
Image:Underworld movie poster.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Criticsm
why isnt there a criticsm section? this was easliy the second worst movie i have ever seen (after son of the mask) a shitty matrix-meets-blade-with-romeo-and-juliet-plot movie definetly has plenty of critics why did they keep saying "leave us"? why did i constantly feel like i was watching the matrix? why did i constantly here sound effects that didnt appear to come from anything and add to the story at all? who the hell titled this a horror movie? what kind of idiots would be part of a cult following to such an awful movie? this movie was full of terribly written dialogue, there was no character development and they tried to push an entire new world on us in such a short time. and why the hell did michael and seline hook up? i dont care if its a movie, it didnt help the story at all, it was just a crappy and obligatory love story that added nothing to the film. what a god awful production, i refuse to watch the second one. 131.104.245.85 06:19, 11 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Or maybe simply a "Reception" section, collecting a sample of reviews, and notes of ratings (Rottentomatoes, IMDB, box office, etc., etc.?) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 142.108.27.104 (talk) 13:26, 12 December 2006 (UTC).

Imported Trivia
Above is the trivia section imported here, since no one has integrated the content into the rest of the article. —Erik (talk • contrib) - 18:57, 18 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The movie was filmed entirely in Budapest, Hungary. The story itself takes place in Budapest.
 * Amy Lee of Evanescence sang in some of the songs by Renholder, but her voice was cut off the official soundtrack, due to legal problems with her record company.
 * Director Len Wiseman opted to shoot several action scenes live, without the use of computer generated imagery. One such scene involves the Lycan Lucian seemingly running at high speed behind a speeding car.  The scene was shot with actor Michael Sheen running upon a heavy cloth which was in turn being towed by the car he was chasing.
 * No special audio effects were used to alter Kevin Grevioux's voice. Grevioux's voice is naturally that deep.
 * Actor Scott Speedman won the Face of the Future Saturn Award for his role as Michael Corvin.
 * The name of the main character, Selene, is indicated in Greek mythology as being associated with the moon.
 * The name "Michael Corvin" was the name used in the teaser trailers on the tombstone of Ashe, the lead character of The Crow: City of Angels. This trailer is available on some VHS versions of The Crow.
 * Kevin Grevioux has stated the character of Selene is partially based on the Marvel Comics X-Men villainess of the same name.
 * Many of the guns used in this film are guns made by Heckler and Koch (H&K). However, Selene uses a pair of Beretta 92/96's with compensators.
 * The Film is often mistakenly criticized for heavy use of CGI effects, mostly for the Lycans. In fact the majority of the creature effects were not CGI but costumes.
 * A Nod to Shakespeare? The Vampire shooting range used busts of Shakespeare. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.56.28.157 (talk) 08:03, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Mythological Inconsistency
Did anyone notice how the vampyres have reflections in the movie? Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe one big attribute that describes a vampyre is the fact that they lack reflections... I found it an interesting little inconsistency of the movie. -Sanctuary- (talk) 23:33, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

 * The entire point of the movie is that the vamps and wolves are natural creatures infected with a virus. The number of people who don't get this is simply astounding. AlessaGillespie (talk) 06:01, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

DREADNAUT:... Dear Beowulf;	; is it because of this she stands atop the arc d'triumph in triumph promised her by Viktor over the lineage of Dracula despite Marcus being the chose one of Normandy;	; Or is why there in one of the statutes has always been Diana in rest for one million years suddenly says this and wakes;	; and the goblin returns to the lake of night - unto herself foreigner of chapterhouses yeti;	; But then why should I care, only last time I said in all arguement of better passage to this understanding of your apocrypha in sealism NECROSENTIAL;	; but they argue with me into the hellcageispiderless -- and finally understand necronomicon in taste-flower -- but they then wonder it is time to discuss the truce of the necroscope;	; dark versus light in zura;	; only one of them will not sign again, and this time despite the rhyme of the changeling of the soldier pirates 'Do not pity thos that are not ironmongers in this way | always become angry | when they realise they are not the children of tomorrow';	; and so - brings the beingnostromo into concurrency, and I lay down the factors of the powermonger-atlantis as it is time machine in this series;	; she will not sign dismantle of avaris in continuity;	; saying "there is trap there now enraged in uselessness";	; I remember the castlestream in the so-carpathia, and the warrant of scape in the narwhale paradox, [only this way], who was my captor -- (Belgiumn Nebucadnezzer);	; now I have finished such works -- that they spiral significance or this is continuist, {INRI} | I have only three tasks left, benign chasm of Judas Iscariot;	; + in this I agree to the dismantle into the truce - that if it fails there is dreadlock-war in this way ,,heh,,;	; the trap works like this |as said| as the queen of the damnned is nexus where she is nexus |yesse| :penguin: ;	; the clans of the Ironone outweigh the freindships of the psinauts, in this they activate a beholder which has a mobius paradox inside - this then relays such behaviour from that point as evidence to them as miranda-polaxe;	; my point - in apocrypha - anyway, is that this fails to find them nautical enough of advertising collapses -- I agree however that it is dangerous in phallanx not to become nullified from this point is mellenial-certaincy;	; nevertheless I will not go there insipid fortitude is kraken mileage;	; I have in verfication this warning - the feint of the capitalist-revolutionary is U-Tube... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.140.40.41 (talk) 00:58, 18 November 2008 (UTC)

Does the above actually mean anything or is it random mumbling meant to hide something else? Perhaps a mod would like to look into this and consider it for deletion? Rabhingm (talk) 16:05, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

All powerful elder vampires?
If Viktor, and I assume Markus are such powerful elder vampires able to actually defeat lycans in hand to hand combat, why couldn't Amelia? 183.107.70.206 (talk) 12:49, 8 February 2010 (UTC)

Perhaps she could, but in the train ambush she was outnumbered... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.63.155.77 (talk) 17:18, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

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Anyone more familiar with the series than I care to add it to this list?
Types of mythological or fantastic beings in contemporary fiction is a page of, well, fantasy series (movie, TV, written, whatever) and the assorted mythological and/or fantastic critters they contain. This series would qualify. Anyone care to add it? Tamtrible (talk) 00:34, 6 August 2017 (UTC)

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Talk:Jean-Hilaire Aubame

comments
Hi, First I want to apolgy for my English. I'm one of Jean-HilaireAubame's son. Aubame got at school by his own initiative and was helped by Monseigneur Walker one of the main responsable of Donguila school. Then he met there Jean obame, Léon Mba's brother - exactly in 1926, two years before he left donguila. He got a very good touch with l'abbé Jean Obame and kept all along their life good relationship. When Aubame went to Brazzaville, 1933, Léon Mba was in exile to Bangui. And it was a test of the colonial administration where he took the second rank. The purposes about inside Mba's family are only speeches of 1951 lesgilative campaign. Mba who never created a political party, as BDG which was created by Gondjout, was listed and classified as administrative secretary of the UDSG held on 09 September 1946 (we have the document). But, in 1947 and 1948 many things happened... then Mba left UDSG... I'm writing on it.

For more information, you can contact me at : aubame@yahoo.com I'm a former intervenant of constitutional law and institutions at École National d'Administration in Gabon also at Sorbonne University of France (1988-1989)

Thank you and I apology again for my very bad English

 * Very interesting to hear from you! There is a lot of Gabonese politics that seems not to be well-documented online - Wikipedia would be a great place to summarize all the people and their respective roles. Feel free to add what you know here, or in the French Wikipedia if you prefer. Stan 07:19, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

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The following suggestions were generated by a semi-automatic javascript program, and might not be applicable for the article in question. You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. Thanks, APR t 01:51, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
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Matthews quote
I must say the Ronald Matthews quote looks rather odd in the lead, plus it's repeated at the end. Often when one mention's a man's character or personal traits in a biography, it's done near the end - see Richard II of England for example. I would suggest replacing with another sentence that encapsulates his importance as a politician, not his appearance. Biruitorul Talk 18:38, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Indeed. I replaced it with the Pean quote, which seems much more relevant. the editorofthewiki (talk/contribs/editor review) 23:50, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

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Laura Innes

Laura Innes is an American actress and television director. She is best known for her starring role as Kerry Weaver in the medical drama ER (1995–2009), which earned her two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. In 2001, she received her third Primetime Emmy Award nomination for directing the episode "Shibboleth" of the political drama The West Wing. She also appeared in the thriller drama The Event (2010–2011) and How to Get Away with Murder (2018–2020).

Career
Innes was introduced to professional theater by her father, who frequently took the family to the Stratford Festival of Canada in Stratford, Ontario. Following his advice to "do what you love," she attended Northwestern University graduating in 1980, where she was a member of the Alpha Chi Omega sorority and earned a degree in theater.

Her first stage credits were in Chicago at the renowned Goodman Theatre and Wisdom Bridge Theatre, where she played Stella in A Streetcar Named Desire. John Malkovich played Mitch in this production. Other major stage credits include Two Shakespearean Actors with Eric Stoltz at Lincoln Center, Our Town at the Seattle Repertory Theatre, and Three Sisters at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego.

In 1986, Innes co-starred as Krissy Bender Marino, the daughter of Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara in the short-lived sitcom The Stiller and Meara Show. In 1989, Innes played Miss Andrews in the Nickelodeon sitcom Hey Dude in the second season episode "Teacher's Pest". She also played Mrs. Fleeman in the episode "Baby". In the 1990s, Innes guest-starred in television series including Party of Five, My So-Called Life and Brooklyn Bridge and appeared in the Emmy-winning TV movie And the Band Played On before being cast in her first major television role in the NBC sitcom Wings from 1991 to 1993. She played Bunny, the promiscuous ex-wife of Lowell Mather (Thomas Haden Church).

In the fall of 1995, Innes began a recurring role in the second season of the hit NBC medical drama ER, where she was cast as Dr. Kerry Weaver, the skilled chief of the ER with an abrasive exterior and a physical disability. She was added to the main cast in the third season. In 2001, her character came out as gay during the seventh season. She received two Emmy Award nominations for her role, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards with the ER ensemble cast, and has received five nominations for Best Supporting Actress from Viewers For Quality Television. Innes also directed a number of episodes of the series, and episodes of Brothers & Sisters, Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, House and The West Wing, one of which earned her an Emmy nomination for directing.

In January 2007, Innes left ER in the middle of the thirteenth season, becoming the longest-serving cast member in the show's history, but Noah Wyle appeared in four more episodes than her. From 2008 to 2009, Innes returned to ER during its 15th and final season for two episodes including the series finale "And in the End...". Innes' films include the blockbuster science fiction disaster film Deep Impact (1998) and the comedy Can't Stop Dancing (1999) with her former ER co-star Noah Wyle.

On May 7, 2010, NBC announced that Innes would be co-starring in the short-lived science fiction/mystery/action/thriller drama The Event as Sophia, "the leader of a mysterious group of detainees" with Lisa Vidal, who played Kerry Weaver's wife, Sandy Lopez, in the eighth, ninth and tenth seasons of ER. In 2012, she co-starred as Police Captain Tricia Harper in the short-lived NBC fantasy police procedural drama Awake.

Personal life
Innes was born and raised in Pontiac, Michigan, the youngest daughter of six children to Laurette and Robert Innes, a tool and die company executive. Her first fiancé, actor David Bell, was murdered in December 1980. A few years after the murder, she married actor David Brisbin and, in 1990, gave birth to their son, Cal. They later adopted a daughter, Mia, from China.

In 2006, Innes told the Daily Mirror that ten years of portraying Dr. Weaver's limp had caused her to experience the early stages of actual spinal damage ("the bottom of my spine is starting to curve on one side from 10 years of raising my hip"), and as a consequence, ER's producers introduced a plot arc in which Weaver's disorder was surgically corrected.

Charity work
Innes is an advocate for the disabled community, utilizing her role as a director to help employ disabled people. She is a supporter of the Performers with Disabilities Committee, which is associated with the Screen Actors Guild.

title: Laura Innes


text:
Frieda Inescort

Frieda Inescort (born Frieda Wrightman, 29 June 1901 – 26 February 1976) was a Scottish actress best known for creating the role of Sorel Bliss in Noël Coward's play Hay Fever on Broadway. She also played the shingled lady in John Galsworthy's 1927 Broadway production Escape and Caroline Bingley in the 1940 film of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.

Early years
Born in Edinburgh, Inescort was the daughter of Scots-born journalist John "Jock" Wrightman and actress Elaine Inescourt ( Charlotte Elizabeth Ihle), who was of German and Polish descent. They married in 1896 but parted ways when their daughter was still a young child.

While she lived in Britain, Inescort wrote for a newspaper in London and worked as secretary to Lord Astor. (Another source says that she was secretary to Lady Astor.)

After going to the United States, she not only acted but also worked as associate editor of The Exporter's Encyclopedia.

Stage
Inescort's acting debut came in The Truth About Blayds (1922), which was presented at the Booth Theatre on Broadway. Her other Broadway credits include You and I (1923), The Woman on the Jury (1923), Windows (1923), The Fake (1924), Ariadne (1925), Hay Fever (1925), Love in a Mist (1926), Mozart (1926), Trelawny of the "Wells" (1927), Escape (1927-1928), Napi (1931), Company's Coming (1931), Springtime for Henry (1931-1932), When Ladies Meet (1933), False Dreams, Farewell (1934), Lady Jane (1934), Soldier's Wife (1944-1945), The Mermaids Singing (1945-1946) and You Never Can Tell (1948).

Film
Frieda Wrightman adopted her mother's surname as her professional name and moved to Hollywood and made her film debut in The Dark Angel (1935). Her other films include Mary of Scotland (1936), Give Me Your Heart (1936), "Beauty for the Asking (1939), The Letter (1940), The Trial of Mary Dugan (1941), You'll Never Get Rich (1941) and A Place in the Sun (1951).

She appeared with Laurence Olivier and Greer Garson as the conniving Caroline Bingley in the 1940 film version of Pride and Prejudice. She had a leading role in Call It a Day, a 1937 film in which she appeared with Olivia de Havilland, Bonita Granville, Roland Young, and Ian Hunter. In 1955 Inescort appeared as Mrs. Lawrence in the movie Foxfire starring Jeff Chandler and Jane Russell. She appeared in one episode of Perry Mason as Hope Quentin in "The Case of the Jealous Journalist" (season 5, 1961).

Personal life
On 2 August 1961, she and her husband since 1926, Ben Ray Redman, dined out. Redman had been despondent for some time. Returning home before her, he went upstairs to bed. He then called Frieda, informing her that he was depressed over the state of the world and had taken 12 sedative pills. By the time the paramedics arrived, he had died, a suicide at the age of 65. He had been working as a writer for the Saturday Review and was involved in the translation of European classics into English.

Inescort had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1932. Her disease accelerated after her husband's death, and she was using a wheelchair by the mid-1960s. On 7 July 1964, her estranged mother, British actress Elaine Inescourt, died in Brighton, England, aged 87. Frieda worked as much as possible for the funding of multiple sclerosis research. She was often seen in the Hollywood area seated in her wheelchair, collecting donations outside supermarkets and in malls.

Death
Inescort died at the age of 74 at the Motion Picture Country Home at Woodland Hills, California from multiple sclerosis.

Partial filmography

 * The Dark Angel (1935) as Ann West
 * If You Could Only Cook (1935) as Evelyn Fletcher
 * The Garden Murder Case (1936) as Mrs. Fenwicke-Ralston
 * The King Steps Out (1936) as Princess Helena
 * Mary of Scotland (1936) as Mary Beaton
 * Hollywood Boulevard (1936) as Alice Winslow
 * Give Me Your Heart (1936) as Rosamond Melford
 * The Great O'Malley (1937) as Mrs. Phillips
 * Call It a Day (1937) as Dorothy Hilton
 * Another Dawn (1937) as Grace Roark
 * Portia on Trial (1937) as Portia Merriman
 * Woman Doctor (1939) as Dr. Judith Randall Graeme
 * Beauty for the Asking (1939) as Flora Barton-Williams
 * The Zero Hour (1939) as Linda Marsh
 * Tarzan Finds a Son! (1939) as Mrs. August Lancing
 * A Woman Is the Judge (1939) as Mary Cabot
 * Convicted Woman (1940) as Attorney Mary Ellis
 * Pride and Prejudice (1940) as Miss Bingley
 * The Letter (1940) as Dorothy Joyce
 * Father's Son (1941) as Ruth Emory
 * The Trial of Mary Dugan (1941) as Mrs. Wayne
 * Shadows on the Stairs (1941) as Mrs. Stella Armitage
 * Sunny (1941) as Elizabeth Warren
 * You'll Never Get Rich (1941) as Mrs. Julia Cortland
 * Remember the Day (1941) as Mrs. Dewey Roberts
 * The Courtship of Andy Hardy (1942) as Olivia Nesbit
 * Sweater Girl (1942) as Mrs. Menard
 * Street of Chance (1942) as Alma Diedrich
 * It Comes Up Love (1943) as Portia Winthrop
 * The Amazing Mrs. Holliday (1943) as Karen Holliday
 * Mission to Moscow (1943) as Madame Molotov (uncredited)
 * The Return of the Vampire (1943) as Lady Jane Ainsley
 * Heavenly Days (1944) as Ettie Clark
 * The Judge Steps Out (1948) as Evelyn Bailey
 * The Underworld Story (1950) as Mrs. Eldridge
 * A Place in the Sun (1951) as Mrs. Ann Vickers
 * Never Wave at a WAC (1953) as Lily Mae Gorham
 * Casanova's Big Night (1954) as Signora Di Gambetta
 * Foxfire (1955) as Mrs. Lawrence
 * Flame of the Islands (1956) as Evelyn Hammond
 * The Eddy Duchin Story (1956) as Edith Wadsworth
 * The She-Creature (1956) as Mrs. Chappel
 * Darby's Rangers (1958) as Lady Hollister
 * Senior Prom (1958) as Mrs. Sherridan
 * Juke Box Rhythm (1959) as Aunt Margaret
 * The Alligator People (1959) as Mrs. Lavinia Hawthorne, Henry's Wife
 * The Crowded Sky (1960) as Mrs. Mitchell

title: Frieda Inescort


text:
Talk:The Ten Commandments (1956 film)

Liberties
"Critics have argued that considerable liberties were taken with the Biblical story, affecting the film's claim to authenticity," But this was a Cecil B. DeMille film! With a cast of thousands! Use of unattributed "critics" is often a prelude to a stumble. See also bathos.--Wetman 13:26, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Then perhaps there should be a mistakes section, as there are numerous blatant manipulations of the original biblical story in contrast with the movie's presentation. The same has been done in The Passion of the Christ article, and it certainly should be done here. SF2K1
 * The commentary track on the DVD reveals that a lot of those "liberties" were actually details of Moses' life that appear in the Q'ran which was used as a source. --Bluejay Young 16:26, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Just don't let the moderately sophisticated reader think we're killing a mouse with a sledgehammer here. --Wetman 05:38, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Oop! here they go ! beginning a perfectly serious list of "Differences between the film and the biblical story"— in a film in which Anne Baxter plays an Egyptian princess! ...and no one dare laugh. This is Absolut Wikipedia! --Wetman 07:06, 11 September 2005 (UTC)
 * But killing mice with sledgehammers is fun! Besides, can we really expect them to have done acting and casting better considering this is a movie from 1956? Seriously though, I enjoy the movie immensly each time I watch it, same goes for The Prince of Egypt (but that wasn't as popular). I just think this movie is important enough to warrent a "differences" treatment, and the comparison to the passion is apropriate (in original story modification as well as popularity). Any movie based on a book is bound to be different, biblical basis seems to cause more trouble though. SF2K1

It is a great irony that most people, not being Bible scholars, have the notion that the movie adheres closely and literally to the Biblical narrative. This is certainly not the case! Another amusing irony is that in the Bible story, Moses proceeds very cautiously, afraid of being caught, while Pharaoh very boldly leads his army. In the movie, it is the opposite. Also, the Torah contains 613 commandments given by God through Moses. The movie only has ten, leaving out 603. Erudil 17:54, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * My understanding is the 613 commandments include those given in Genesis, starting with "Be fruitful and multiply." I'm not a biblical scholar, of course, so I Could Be Wrong.  JDZeff (talk) 00:18, 3 May 2016 (UTC)

I had stopped by to ask folks' opinions about whether or not it would be worthwhile to have a section detailing the sources of the non-biblical elements of the film - Qaran, Midrash, Josephus, etc. But I see here that this was addressed long ago... and some of the results are hilarious.PurpleChez (talk) 15:50, 23 April 2020 (UTC)

G-d?
Is it really necessary to use dashes instead of o's here? Should we rename God to G-d? I've temporarily changed them; if there is disagreement, I'm happy to discuss. Jonathan Christensen 15:26, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

I concur. john k 15:50, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Me, too. I hadn't noticed that dash-ification of the diety ... wonder when it snuck in? - DavidWBrooks 16:07, 4 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Probbly was me. G-d is a Jewish way of writting God so you don't have to write God to not abuse the referance God when speaking about God or something like that. I go back and forth. Doesn't matter which it is for this article really. SF2K1 20:25, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * In my day, "G-d" was a "polite" way of referring to a curse, along the lines of "S.O.B." or "the F-word" or whatever. "God" is an English word that is used to mean either a deity in general or, when captialized, as the "name" of "the" Deity, but it is not God's "real" name, nohow. It's not much different from using "Adonai". I'm not saying you're wrong about the Jewish usage, just that it's not mainstream. Wahkeenah 12:10, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Many Orthodox Jews consider writing the word "God" as a violation of the third Commandment, "You may not take God's name in vain." That is the origin of the habit of writing "God" as "G-d." I grew up in an Orthodox Jewish home.66.108.4.183 05:00, 11 May 2006 (UTC) Allen Roth

Place in Highest Grossing Films
I noticed that there's a disparity on the topic of the placement of The Ten Commandments in terms of highest grossing movies of all time. The article says it's 5th when adjusted for inflation, making $838,000 when adjusted for inflation, but by wikipedia's own list of highest grossing films, this puts it in 26th place in the "adjusted for inflation" list. I don't know which fact is the correct one.

Go back and look again. I think you've lost a zero or three. 70.189.74.104 00:04, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

New Ten Commandments
"The ABC Television Network, along with Hallmark Entertainment, will present a new interpretation of the story of The Ten Commandments in the Spring of 2006."

This was posted in the moses article, is it true, and should we talk about it here?

Airing
Does ABC still continue to air the movie once a year around Passover / Easter? I remember they used to show the film at least once a year around this time, but I thought in recent years they stopped doing that. JesseG
 * Yes, there was a time......when the only way you could see a film that had already "run" was waiting for it to come on television (and hoping that it would). If you lived in a large city with a "revival house" that showed old films, you could hope to see it there. "The Ten Commandments" was usually shown around Passover/Easter, and "King of Kings" around Christmas, and "The Wizard of Oz" around Thanksgiving, and "It's a Wonderful Life" also around Christmas. Now, everyone has his "Collector's Edition" DVD's, and can watch it in sensurround whenever he wants to...LOL How the world has changed... 66.108.105.21 20:26, 7 December 2006 (UTC) Allen Roth

Ooo. That poster that just went up is nice. --Bluejay Young 16:26, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

miscategorized?
in the categories at the bottom of the page, this is listed as a Christian film. I have to disagree. The story, while common to several religions, is classically a Jewish story. The film is even classified on the Talk Page as a Jewish film. should we change the category then? 151.202.37.184 02:29, 7 April 2007 (UTC){{image source|Image:10com3.jpg)) Betacommand {{sup|(talk • contribs • Bot)}} 01:01, 25 May 2007 (UTC) {{missing rationale|Image:10com3.jpg

 * I agree. It has nothing to do with Christianity per se, except to the extent that Christianity still acknowledges the Old Testament as a sacred text, and the ten commandments form the basis of the Christian commandments.  But that is also true for Judaism and Islam.  Just because it gets dragged out for broadcast on TV at Easter, does not make it a Christian story any more than "Dolly Parton's Smoky Mountain Christmas" makes Dolly Parton an important part of the Christmas message. --  JackofOz 11:13, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

There really isn't anything Jewish about having Moses recieve the ten commandments, instead of the entire nation hearing them, as this national revelation (as opposed to one prophet saying G-d spoke to him) is the one of the greatest claims to truth of Judaism 141.151.178.221 00:50, 11 October 2007 (UTC)

Another error?
In the movie, Moses, is surprised as an adult to discover that he's a Hebrew and not an Egyptian prince at all. While it's not explicit in the book of Exodus, there's no epiphany moment and it seems fairly obvious that Moses knows his heritage -- the first episode of his adult life relayed is his murder of the overseer who was abusing his countrymen. In fact, since his own mother was retained as his wet nurse, he was probably aware of his heritage from childhood! Is my reading off base here? --Jfruh (talk) 03:14, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

Page moved to disambiguation page
Why was the title of this page changed? I can find no discussion about this, and I strongly object this change. A title like "The Ten Commandments (film)" appears to suggest that this is the one and only film of that title, but as becomes apparent from the article, this was only a remake of the 1923 film. Do see The Ten Commandments (1923 film). I am interested in learning: It is a bit strange that "The Ten Commandments (film)" was a redirect and not the disambiguation page that it should have been since 20 November 2005, which is the date the second article was made. Can the titlechanger, or anyone else who cares enough, please change it back and make a beginning with the writing of that disambiguation page at "The Ten Commandments (film)"? I think it should look something like
 * an explanation of this change
 * more opinions

The Ten Commandments (film) may refer to:
 * The Ten Commandments (1923 film), a silent movie about Moses by Cecil B. DeMille in 1923.
 * The Ten Commandments (1956 film), a big budget movie about Moses by Cecil B. DeMille in 1956.

Thank you in advance, 83.116.155.133 23:04, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Differences from the Bible - and Other Differences
The 5th paragraph in the "Differences from the Bible" section should be a separate section on its own, since it does not really have anything to do with the Bible. Erudil 17:52, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

CBDM's introductory comments?
Hey there, I just heard that (some version of?) The Ten Commandments has a well-known introduction delivered by the director himself... Is this true? And if so, what were the words (or better yet, any video clip found online?) BTW I heard this because the Sodenbergh film "Schizopolis" apparently parodies it by having him appear before the film saying "If you don't understand this movie, the problem is with YOU, not with the movie..." 199.214.27.209 19:20, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't remember his words, but it's certainly been there every time I've ever seen the film - and that would be about 20 times. He comes out from behind a curtain on a theatre stage, and says whatever it was he says.  --  JackofOz 07:40, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Do you not think that the film would be better without it? It's portentous and hypocritical. All its guff about freedom 'under God' ignores the fact that the Ancient Hebrews themselves had slaves. Where was the Eleventh Commandment: "Thou Shalt Not Practice Slavery"? O Murr (talk) 08:02, 14 November 2018 (UTC)

Problematic Pharaoh identifications?
This section is totally inappropriate and uncalled for. I'm sorry but just because the movie credits the character of Seti I with the victory over the Hittites and later shows him dying after a long reign does not mean that Sir Cedric Hardwicke's character is "really" Rameses II or that Yul Brynner is "really" playing Merenptah. It just means that the writers took facts from the life of one person and ascribed them to another.

Also, the actual result of the battle of Kadesh wouldn't have mattered to the Egyptians. They had no ethical tradition requiring them to record history accurately. That way of thinking came a thousand years later with Herodotus. To view the walls of Egyptian temples, one would think they won every battle they ever faught. What is even more interesting is that for some battles we have accounts from both sides and both sides claimed to have won an overwhelming victory! At Kadesh, Egyptian accounts credit Rameses II (yeah, ok, it was Rameses, not Seti) with holding off the entire Hittite army, singlehanded with bow and arrow, from his chariot. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Beetfarm Louie (talk • contribs) 03:48, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Far more to the point is the fact that Seti (I) in fact DID take Kadesh from the Hittites. Ramases II did have a well known battle with the Hittites over Kadesh during his reign, but that doesn't mean Seti didn't also, and in fact Seti had won a decisive victory over the Hittites taking Kadesh back from the Hittites, lost since the reign of Akhenaten. Since all of the rest of the argument presented in this section is based completely upon the contributor's incorrect argument that reference to the victory stele in the movie means Seti in the movie HAS to in fact be Rameses, the entire section should be removed. 96.255.159.197 (talk) 21:25, 1 April 2011 (UTC)mjd

With no action on this and no rebuttal of my argument, I'm removing the "Problematic Pharoah Identifications" section.

65.202.226.2 (talk) 15:30, 11 April 2011 (UTC)mjd

Fair use rationale for Image:Ten-commandments22.jpg
Image:Ten-commandments22.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 08:47, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:R2 2 010223.jpg
Image:R2 2 010223.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:02, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Uncredited cast
If the cast is uncredited, where do these actor names come from? Also, I find it strange / odd / bizarre / highly implausible that all of the uncredited cast members have last names that begin with the letter "A" or "B". That can't possibly be? Is this some incomplete list that someone started with the "A" and "B" actor surnames, and never completed? Thanks. (Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 22:48, 8 March 2008 (UTC))

Baby Moses
At the time that Moses was discovered in a basket, it was during Ramses I's reign (father of Sethi I & grandfather of Ramses II). GoodDay (talk) 21:25, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Sources of DeMille's screenplay
From the article: "There are many differences between the movie story line and the Exodus story as traditionally understood from the Bible. According to the commentary in the DVD, some details are taken from sources such as Josephus, the Sepher ha-Yashar, and the Chronicle of Moses, as well as the Qur'an. Some are fictional inventions."

How about a source? Which bits of the Qur'an were used, as an example? --MicahBrwn (talk) 17:24, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Movie Sets
As a movie history buff I am interested in the massive sets used in this film - especially the city gates in the as the people left Pharoah. 1) Were these stone? 2) Where were the built? 3) Is there anything left today to visit?

Regards —Preceding unsigned comment added by MSgtUSAFret (talk • contribs) 17:04, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

I know that with Ben Hur the sets were dismantled/destroyed after filming to prevent a low budget company from coming in and using the sets. (Source: Ben Hur DVD Commentary) So they probably did the same thing with the Ten Commandments sets. The other two questions, I don't have the answer to. 24.93.132.122 (talk) 00:09, 19 July 2010 (UTC)

The great Pi-Ramses city set was built somewhere outside Cairo. It must have been demolished, or the Egyptian Tourist Board would have been promoting it as an attraction. They probably feel that they have enough of the real stuff to be going on with. The Giza Pyramids were used (they were already ancient in the time of Ramses II), but only in process shots. O Murr (talk) 08:14, 14 November 2018 (UTC)

Trivia deletions?
Some of the items in the Trivia section are largely redundant with items in the Differences from the Bible section. Can the trivia items be deleted? Dcwaterboy (talk) 20:05, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

Is James Coburn in this film?
What role did James Coburn play in this film? I see him in all the cash listing, but never with a role next to his name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.80.185.206 (talk) 04:03, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

My answer:

As near as I can tell this is an internet hoax. None of the in depth (listing many uncredited actors) credits I have seen show him. None of the advertising posters show his name. And since all the pages that do list him have him in the same section as Yul Brenner and Charlton Heston but with NO character listed: Bogus

Mind you, I don't know for sure. But having seen the film, I am pretty darn sure he was not up there trading lines with the main stars.

If anyone knows different, let us know. Wiki-790 (talk) 07:35, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I've seen it at least 10 times, and he most certainly did not play any kind of speaking role. He may have played a very minor non-speaking role, but if so, it doesn't appear in his IMdB profile. --   Jack of Oz    ... speak! ...   13:24, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

 * His wiki article says his first part was in 1959, but he would he have been over thirty, so possible he was an extra, if he had a speaking part or even a noticeable non-speaking one, he would have been recognizable at 26-28. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 05:50, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

GOCE
 Mlpearc  MESSAGE  06:04, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

Breaking the fourth wall trivia
In the article it states that Sephora breaks the fourth wall when looking at the camera for a couple of seconds with an "oh please" look - I'm not sure this is without doubt breaking the fourth wall, it doesn't come across to me as her acknowledging an existence outside of the film, and what's an "oh please" look anyway? To me "oh please" sounds like it's a sarcastic eye roll. BulbaThor (talk) 12:54, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

I don't have time to search my discs for this moment just now - I'm going to bed. But does it matter if it's intentional or accidental? I doubt that anything in this film was ever intended to break the fourth wall - excepting DeMille's on-camera introduction - as in Olivier's "Richard III", from the same period. If it was accidental then it qualifies as a goof or blooper. O Murr (talk) 07:49, 14 November 2018 (UTC)

Running time
In Cecil B. De Mille's introductory comments, he says the film is 3 hours and thirty-nine minutes long, "with one intermission". That is 219 minutes. However, the article states the running time as being 231 minutes. This seems to be wrong, so unless somebody comes up with a suitable explanation for this discrepancy, I'll change it in the article. MUSIKVEREIN (talk) 21:23, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

My Apologies
I edited the text to further describe Sethi's heartbreaking decision to exile Moses from Egypt. In the film, he does admit that he still loves Moses as he's dying. I don't know. Maybe there is no reason to elaborate any further. I appreciate the person who reverted the content back didn't give me a verbal thrashing. I understand that the wording is sufficient for this article and is best left alone.Maddux0817 (talk) 05:12, 17 January 2014 (UTC)
 * The plot is already twice the length recommended at WP:FILMPLOT. By all means edit away, but it would be gratefully appreciated if you could take the word count in the other direction. Betty Logan (talk) 06:31, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

Anti-Communism
From The Pervert's Guide to Cinema, I understood that there is a prologue in which Cecil B DeMille talks to the audience warning against communism. Is it so? I don't remember it but maybe I lost the beginning. --Error (talk) 23:29, 18 April 2015 (UTC)

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Added information about television broadcast of film in the Philippines
It seems that the section of the article about Television broadcast was modified (the changes appear in this version of the article, and its following one: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)&direction=next&oldid=748119488) to add some information about broadcast in the Philippines. This addition to the article has no sources and it is badly redacted. This section should be revised, in my opinion. Melpomenia (talk) 03:37, 25 November 2016 (UTC)

Yoshebel
I've always wondered why Yochebed was renamed Yoshebel for this film. Is that from Josephus or the Midrash or other sources? PurpleChez (talk) 18:57, 21 March 2017 (UTC)

Yul Brynner and Tutankhamun
Has anyone noticed the astonishing resemblance of Yul Brynner to the face of Tutankhamun on the famous gold funerary mask? O Murr (talk) 16:06, 25 December 2018 (UTC)

No The Ten Commandments Courthouse Controversy Section
Why is there no courthouse controversy section?

The Wall Street Journal states the following about the movie in connection with courthouses:

"Thanks to an alliance between the Hollywood producer and a juvenile-court judge from St. Cloud, Minn., as many as 4,000 Ten Commandments monoliths were erected in public spaces across the country, for the dual purpose of promoting the 1956 epic and instructing the citizenry in behavior acceptable to God."

Considering this was a major undertaking for the promotion of the film, it seems relevant to the movie. Am I wrong?

TheGreatAndHighExaltedStoic (talk) 20:58, 30 August 2021 (UTC)

Plot bloat
Once again has added excessive plot detail despite me specifically requesting that he refrains from doing so. WP:FILMPLOT stipulates that plot summaries should be between 400 and 700 words. Their purpose is to briefly summarise the plot, not to give a blow-by-blow account. If you think there are extenuating circumstances for extending the plot by this magnitude then please discuss them here rather than constantly reverting. Betty Logan (talk) 12:14, 17 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Ten Commandments (1956 film)


text:
William Goldman (mathematician)

William Mark Goldman (born 1955 in Kansas City, Missouri) is a professor of mathematics at the University of Maryland, College Park (since 1986). He received a B.A. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1977, and a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1980.

Research contributions
Goldman has investigated geometric structures, in various incarnations, on manifolds since his undergraduate thesis, "Affine manifolds and projective geometry on manifolds", supervised by William Thurston and Dennis Sullivan. This work led to work with Morris Hirsch and David Fried on affine structures on manifolds, and work in real projective structures on compact surfaces. In particular he proved that the space of convex real projective structures on a closed orientable surface of genus $$g > 1$$ is homeomorphic to an open cell of dimension $$16g-16$$. With Suhyoung Choi, he proved that this space is a connected component (the "Hitchin component") of the space of equivalence classes of representations of the fundamental group in $${\rm SL}(3,\R)$$. Combining this result with Suhyoung Choi's convex decomposition theorem, this led to a complete classification of convex real projective structures on compact surfaces.

His doctoral dissertation, "Discontinuous groups and the Euler class" (supervised by Morris W. Hirsch), characterizes discrete embeddings of surface groups in $${\rm PSL}(3,\R)$$ in terms of maximal Euler class, proving a converse to the Milnor–Wood inequality for flat bundles. Shortly thereafter he showed that the space of representations of the fundamental group of a closed orientable surface of genus $$g>1$$ in $${\rm PSL}(3,\R)$$ has $$4g-3$$ connected components, distinguished by the Euler class.

With David Fried, he classified compact quotients of Euclidean 3-space by discrete groups of affine transformations, showing that all such manifolds are finite quotients of torus bundles over the circle. The noncompact case is much more interesting, as Grigory Margulis found complete affine manifolds with nonabelian free fundamental group. In his 1990 doctoral thesis, Todd Drumm found examples which are solid handlebodies using polyhedra which have since been called "crooked planes."

Goldman found examples (non-Euclidean nilmanifolds and solvmanifolds) of closed 3-manifolds which fail to admit flat conformal structures.

Generalizing Scott Wolpert's work on the Weil–Petersson symplectic structure on the space of hyperbolic structures on surfaces, he found an algebraic-topological description of a symplectic structure on spaces of representations of a surface group in a reductive Lie group. Traces of representations of the corresponding curves on the surfaces generate a Poisson algebra, whose Lie bracket has a topological description in terms of the intersections of curves. Furthermore, the Hamiltonian vector fields of these trace functions define flows generalizing the Fenchel–Nielsen flows on Teichmüller space. This symplectic structure is invariant under the natural action of the mapping class group, and using the relationship between Dehn twists and the generalized Fenchel–Nielsen flows, he proved the ergodicity of the action of the mapping class group on the SU(2)-character variety with respect to symplectic Lebesgue measure.

Following suggestions of Pierre Deligne, he and John Millson proved that the variety of representations of the fundamental group of a compact Kähler manifold has singularities defined by systems of homogeneous quadratic equations. This leads to various local rigidity results for actions on Hermitian symmetric spaces.

With John Parker, he examined the complex hyperbolic ideal triangle group representations. These are representations of hyperbolic ideal triangle groups to the group of holomorphic isometries of the complex hyperbolic plane such that each standard generator of the triangle group maps to a complex reflection and the products of pairs of generators to parabolics. The space of representations for a given triangle group (modulo conjugacy) is parametrized by a half-open interval. They showed that the representations in a particular range were discrete and conjectured that a representation would be discrete if and only if it was in a specified larger range. This has become known as the Goldman–Parker conjecture and was eventually proven by Richard Schwartz.

Professional service
Goldman also heads a research group at the University of Maryland called the Experimental Geometry Lab, a team developing software (primarily in Mathematica) to explore geometric structures and dynamics in low dimensions. He served on the Board of Governors for The Geometry Center at the University of Minnesota from 1994 to 1996.

He served as Editor-In-Chief of Geometriae Dedicata from 2003 until 2013.

Awards and honors
In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

title: William Goldman (mathematician)


text:
Mohammad-Javad Larijani

Mohammad-Javad Ardeshir Larijani (born ) is an Iranian conservative politician and former diplomat. He is currently a top adviser to the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in foreign affairs and secretary of High Council for Human rights, Judiciary of Islamic Republic of Iran.

He has been a key planner of Iran's foreign policy, and led the ceasefire negotiations after Iran–Iraq War.

Early life and education
Mamad Larijani was born to Iranian parents and is a brother of Ali Larijani, former chairman of the Parliament and Sadegh Larijani, former chief justice. Larijani is a cousin of Ahmad Tavakkoli, who is the current director of Majlis Research Center.

Larijani, raised in a religious family, graduated from a hawza before starting his higher education in electrical engineering in Aryamehr University, wearing the uniform for the full four years. He later continued his studies outside Iran, and began to study in the PhD program in mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. However, he did not complete his studies at Berkeley.

Career
Larijani is one of the top advisors to the supreme leader and the head of the human rights council in the judiciary. The council rejects and condemns appointment of Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Iran by United Nations and strongly opposes the western countries' positions about current human rights situation in Iran. Iran has repeatedly been accused of human rights violations, most recently after the November 2019 protests. The UN Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has expressed "The Special Rapporteur is shocked at the number of deaths, serious injuries and reports of ill-treatment of persons detained during the November 2019 protests. According to reports, detainees are being tortured or are suffering other forms of ill-treatment, sometimes to extract forced confessions. There are also reports of denials of medical treatment, including for injuries caused by the excessive use of force by the security forces, with some other detainees being held incommunicado or being subjected to enforced disappearance. He is concerned about reports that families of individuals killed by the security forces have been threatened not to speak out. He remains highly concerned about the continuing restrictions on freedom of expression." Additionally Larijani has been the director of Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics in Tehran. Previously, he was a Majlis representative and the director of Majlis Research Center. He served as deputy minister of foreign affairs in the 1980s.

Views
In a 2010 NBC News interview, Larijani defended the arrest of Nasrin Sotoudeh, an Iranian feminist activist, and a prominent human rights lawyer. Sotoudeh was detained in September and faces trial for "collusion against national security" and "spreading propaganda against the Islamic Republic.". Larijani told NBC News that Iranian authorities believed that she was engaged "in a very nasty campaign" against Iran's national security. Nasrin Sotoudeh works for Shirin Ebadi's law firm. Shirin Ebadi is the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize recipient.

In November 2011, Larijani claimed that nuclear weapons violate Islam.

In response to the Mahsa Amini protests, Larijani said on Iranian broadcast Channel 3 (Iran) which has been translated by MEMRI, "[Mahsa Amini] was detained by the police, and she was in a classroom when she suddenly collapsed. The police were enforcing the limitation on public nudity. You may call it 'hijab,' modesty, or whatever, but in all countries – without exception – there are limits on public nudity."

Views on capital punishment for narcotic offenses
Larijani has praised Iranian Judiciary for capital punishment of narcotic offenses. He has stated that the world should learn from Iran on this matter.

Views on Obama
Larijani has stated on Barack Obama that "Since Obama came to office he spoke of dialogue with Iran, What has happened that this black "nigger" is talking about regime change in Iran". This racist statement was widely condemned by many Iranian politicians.

title: Mohammad-Javad Larijani


text:
Patrice L'Heureux

Patrice L'Heureux (1 February 1972 – 7 October 2018) was a Canadian professional boxer.

Amateur
L'Heureux participated in the 1999 Pan American Games but was knocked out by Alexis Rubalcaba.

Professional career
On 13 November 2004, L'Heureux challenged Steve McKay (record 5–1) for the vacant Canadian heavyweight championship in Montreal. After knocking down McKay in the eighth round with a body shot, L'Heureux then knocked him out for good 27 seconds into the ninth round. However, in his first fight after winning the prestigious title in 2005, L'Heureux was viciously pummelled by American clubfighter Steve Pannell (33-8) to lose his undefeated ring record by a technical knock out at 2:31 of the first round. He beat undefeated Olympian Art Binkowski on points later that year.

The 6-foot 5-inch tall right-hander suffered his second loss when he was knocked out in the seventh round by David Cadieux on 12 May 2006. He lost the rematch on points. On 26 May 2007, he suffered his fourth loss to the undefeated Alexander Povetkin by a knockout in the second round. L'Heureux subsequently won four straight fights including two fights against Stephane Tessier. His first fight with Tessier earned L'Heureux the Quebec Boxing Council (CQB) Heavyweight Title. He died of a heart attack on 7 October 2018, aged 46.

Professional boxing record

 * style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|24 Wins (13 knockouts, 11 decisions), 5 Losses (4 knockouts, 1 decision), 1 Draw
 * - style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Record
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Type
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Location
 * style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
 * - align=center
 * Loss
 * 3-0
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Wayne John
 * TKO
 * 5
 * 11 June 2010
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:22 of the fifth round.
 * Win
 * 3-20-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Stephane Tessier
 * SD
 * 8
 * 14 May 2009
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|CQB Canada Heavyweight Title.
 * Win
 * 11-16-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Joe Stofle
 * TKO
 * 5
 * 4 April 2009
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 1:12 of the fifth round.
 * Win
 * 19-22-2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Ken Murphy
 * UD
 * 6
 * 5 April 2008
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 3-12
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Stephane Tessier
 * UD
 * 8
 * 21 September 2007
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|CQB Canada Heavyweight Title.
 * Loss
 * 11-0
 * align=left|🇷🇺 Alexander Povetkin
 * KO
 * 2
 * 26 May 2007
 * align=left|🇩🇪 Bamberg, Germany
 * align=left|Patrice knocked out at 1:02 of the second round.
 * Loss
 * 13-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 David Cadieux
 * UD
 * 12
 * 18 November 2006
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|CQB Canada/Canada Heavyweight Title.
 * Win
 * 14-15
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Travis Fulton
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 30 September 2006
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:03 of the third round.
 * Loss
 * 11-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 David Cadieux
 * KO
 * 7
 * 12 May 2006
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|CQB Canada/Canada Heavyweight Title. Patrice knocked out at 0:23 of the seventh round.
 * Win
 * 17-4
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Josh Gutcher
 * KO
 * 1
 * 12 November 2005
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Gutcher knocked out at 2:45 of the first round.
 * Win
 * 44-19-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Troy Weida
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 12 October 2005
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Grand-Mère, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:10 of the third round.
 * Win
 * 14-0-2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Art Binkowski
 * UD
 * 10
 * 18 June 2005
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Canada Heavyweight Title.
 * Win
 * 26-17
 * align=left|🇧🇷 Marcos Celestino
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 14 May 2005
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 1:57 of the second round.
 * Win
 * 10-2
 * align=left|🇧🇷 Adenilson Rodrigues
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 9 April 2005
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:40 of the second round.
 * Loss
 * 33-8
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Steve Pannell
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 26 February 2005
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Hull, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:31 of the first round.
 * Win
 * 5-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Steve MacKay
 * TKO
 * 9
 * 13 November 2004
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Canada Heavyweight Title. Referee stopped the bout at 0:27 of the ninth round.
 * Win
 * 22-37-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Garing Lane
 * UD
 * 8
 * 11 September 2004
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 26-6
 * align=left|🇧🇷 Jose Arimatea Da Silva
 * UD
 * 8
 * 24 April 2004
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Quebec City, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 3-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Marcus Harden
 * KO
 * 3
 * 20 December 2003
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Harden knocked out at 1:15 of the third round.
 * Win
 * 4-6-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Charles Brown
 * UD
 * 8
 * 22 November 2003
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 8-4
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Tali Kulihaapai
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 24 May 2003
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Reno, Nevada, U.S.
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 1:25 of the third round.
 * Win
 * 7-12-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Ritchie Goosehead
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 28 February 2003
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Granby, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:00 of the first round.
 * Draw
 * 13-17-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Willie Chapman
 * PTS
 * 4
 * 15 February 2003
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Laughlin, Nevada, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 9-3-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Billy Zumbrun
 * TKO
 * 4
 * 13 October 2002
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Choctaw, Mississippi, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 4-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Charles Spear
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 6 September 2002
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 0:29 of the second round.
 * Win
 * 25-11-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Shane Sutcliffe
 * UD
 * 6
 * 30 November 2001
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 4-8-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Dean Storey
 * UD
 * 4
 * 5 June 2001
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 3-10
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Marcelo Aravena
 * UD
 * 4
 * 2 March 2001
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 1-2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Conrad Browne
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 8 September 2000
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:08 of the third round.
 * Win
 * 4-6
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Ritchie Goosehead
 * DQ
 * 4
 * 6 May 2000
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maniwaki, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * }
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 3-10
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Marcelo Aravena
 * UD
 * 4
 * 2 March 2001
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 1-2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Conrad Browne
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 8 September 2000
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:08 of the third round.
 * Win
 * 4-6
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Ritchie Goosehead
 * DQ
 * 4
 * 6 May 2000
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maniwaki, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * }
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Maniwaki, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * }

Football career
L'Heureux is a former Canadian football player with the Diablos of Trois-Rivières in Quebec.

title: Patrice L'Heureux


text: Talk:Griselio Torresola

title: Talk:Griselio Torresola


text:
User talk:Mnavon

JFW | T@lk  13:40, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Chilazon
You added to Tzitzit:
 * The chillazon dye is identical to that produced from kela ilan plant (Indigoferra tinctoria) (Baba Metzia 61b)

Closer reading of the Gemara there implies that kela ilan was used as faux Techelet, and certainly not as a replacement. JFW | T@lk  14:03, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Though there is no doubt that "kela ilan" was used as faux tekhelet, this does not, in any way, mitigate the point that it is a valid criteria for true tekhelet. Indeed, the fact that it was used as forgery implies that it was the same hue - at least close enough that people were duped to thinking it was the real color. As such, comparison to this well known plant source is a welcome "lead" to establishing the true color source. Mnavon 13:28, Jan 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * In that case you should have written: "The Talmud (Baba Metzia 61b) states that the kela ilan plant was similar in color to techelet." Your old insert implied that it was valid techelet. None of the meforashim say that it was a valid but inferior dye. JFW | T@lk  18:23, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

OK, I think what I need to add is that the "kela ilan" plant was a counterfeit source of the dye. Mnavon 09:43, Jan 5, 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Mnavon


text:
Mike Rucker

Michael Dean Rucker (born February 28, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for nine seasons with the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers, and was selected by the Panthers in the second round of the 1999 NFL draft.

Early life
Rucker played both sides of the ball in high school including catching 15 passes for 300 yards as a tight end. He was the team's leading tackler with 168 stops, including 58 solos, leading Benton to a 28-8 three-year record. Rucker placed fourth in the state in the shot put as a junior and was the state champion in 1994, with a throw of 54–2. He went unbeaten in 10 meets during his senior season. Rucker lettered 10 times in high school, including three each in football and basketball and four in track. He was a two-time all-state lineman, and made the All-America team his senior year. In addition, he also lettered in track & field four years, and was a state champion shot putter. He also earned three letters on the Benton High School basketball team.

College career
Rucker attended the University of Nebraska, where he played for the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team. He redshirted as a true freshman, and then collected his first sack the following season. He was a member of the national champion Cornhuskers team in 1995 and 1997. As a senior in 1998, he made second-team All-Big 12, despite missing much of the season because of injury. He finished his college days as Nebraska's fourth all-time tackler behind the line of scrimmage, with 40 stops.

Collegiate statistics
Notes - Statistics include bowl game performances.

Professional career
Rucker was drafted by Carolina in the second round (38th overall) of the 1999 NFL draft. He collected three sacks his rookie year, playing in all 16 games. His first sack came against Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Jeff Blake. He registered 2.5 sacks in his second season, and became a starter for the 2001 NFL season. He ended the season leading the team with 9 sacks. He was the NFL Defensive Player of the Month for September 2003, when he had 5 sacks, 21 tackles, 13 hurries and one batted pass during the first four games of the 2003 NFL season. He and fellow defensive end Julius Peppers were the only duo to register 10 sacks each. The following year, Rucker again won Defensive Player of the Month for September, becoming only the 11th player in history to win POTM honors for the same month in two consecutive years; former Panther Sam Mills won POTM in November 1995 and 1996. Rucker finished the season with 12 sacks, and earned his first berth in the Pro Bowl.

On December 17, 2006, in a game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, Rucker suffered an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear in his left knee, causing him to miss the remainder of the 2006 season. He returned for his final season in 2007, before announcing his retirement from the game on April 22, 2008.

Other activities
Rucker, along with former teammates Mike Minter, Stephen Davis, and Muhsin Muhammad, are co-founders of Ruckus House, a child development and learning facility. One of Rucker's long-term goals for Ruckus House is to get one in every city which has an NFL team.

In 2005 Mike founded Vision Group Realty, a full service real estate brokerage firm, providing brokerage services to both buyers and sellers of residential and commercial real estate. The firm headquarters is located in Charlotte, NC, and services relocating clients locally, nationally and globally.

In the 2008 offseason, he traveled to Afghanistan to visit with troops along with Luis Castillo, Tommie Harris, and Sports Illustrated writer Peter King. Rucker made a video documentary of his experiences for NFL Network, stating that if he was not a pro football athlete, he could easily envision himself in the military.

Mike Rucker is a commentator on preseason games for the Carolina Panthers on the Panthers Television Network.

Family
Rucker's younger brother, Martin was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in 2008 NFL draft, 111th overall.

title: Mike Rucker


text:
Ana Blandiana

Ana Blandiana (pen name of Otilia Valeria Coman; born 25 March 1942, in Timișoara) is a Romanian poet, essayist, and political figure. She is considered one of the best 20th century Romanian authors. She took her name after Blandiana, near Vințu de Jos, Alba County, her mother's home village.

In October 2017, she was announced as The Griffin Trust For Excellence In Poetry's twelfth recipient of their Lifetime Recognition Award.

Literary career
Ana Blandiana was born Otilia Valeria Coman on 25 March 1942. Her parents were Gheorghe (1915-1964), an orthodox priest and former member of the fascist Iron Guard who spent years in Communist prisons and died in an accident weeks after his release in a general amnesty, and Otilia (Diacu), an accountant. Her sister Geta was born in 1947. In 1960 she married the writer Romulus Rusan.

After her debut in 1959, in Tribuna, Cluj, where she signed for the first time as Ana Blandiana, she was published in the anthology 30 de poeți tineri ("30 Young Poets"). In 1963, after a four-year interdiction due to her father's status, she again published in Contemporanul (edited by George Ivașcu). Her editorial debut took place in 1964 with the booklet of poems Persoana întâia plural ("First Person Plural"), with a Foreword written by Nicolae Manolescu. She became known for her Calcâiul vulnerabil ("Achilles' Heel", 1966) and A treia taină ("The Third Secret", 1969). In 1966, Blandiana appeared for the first time at the International Poem Contest (in Lahti, Finland). In 1967, she settled in Bucharest; until the following year, she was one of the editors for Viața studențească, and then (until 1975) worked as editor for Amfiteatru. She gave two televised readings in 1969, in the company of Andrei Șerban and the actors Irina Petrescu, Mariana Mihuț, and Florian Pittiș. Between 1975 and 1977, she was a librarian at the Institute of Fine Arts in Bucharest. In 1976, her works were first printed in a French translation, in Croisière du Club des Poètes by fr:Jean-Pierre Rosnay (Paris); in 1978, she took part in the First International Festival of Poetry in Paris organized by the famed Club des Poètes.

In the late 1980s, Blandiana started writing protest poems against the communist regime.

In 1984 Blandiana's poem 'Totul' ('Everything') was briefly published in the literary magazine Amfiteatru. 'Totul' was a list of elements of everyday life in Bucharest at the time, composed as a comment on the contrast between the official view of life in Romania and the alternative perception of its monotonous shabbiness. The critical nature of the poem led to the edition of Amfiteatru being withdrawn within hours of publication with the editors being dismissed. Nevertheless, the poem appeared in translation in Western media and also had limited underground circulation in Romania.

In 1987 she published at the Sport-Turism Publishing House the book "Orașe de silabe" ("City of syllables") where she writes about all the countries and cities of the world where she travelled: over 100. The same year, 1987, she is published in USSR, at Raduga Publishing House from Moscow, with the Russian title Stihotvorenia, rasskazî, asse. Even though the secret services of Ceaușescu ('Securitate') attribute her a dissident status, in 1989 the Minerva Publishing House is publishing in the most popular mass collection "Biblioteca Pentru Toți" ("Library for all people") an anthology of her poems. Her friends sustain that the book never seen the bookshelves of the libraries. However, "Poezii" ("Poems") has a 'Foreword' written by Eugen Simion.

After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, she entered political life, campaigning for the removal of the communist legacy from administrative office, as well as for an open society. She left literary work in the background, although she did publish Arhitectura valurilor ("Waves' Architecture", 1990), 100 de poeme ("100 Poems", 1991), and Sertarul cu aplauze ("The Drawer of Applause", prose, 1992). In 1992 she advocates for the released from prison of old time Party member Gheorghe 'Gogu' Radulescu, a former member of the Executive Political Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and protector of herself during the communist period.

Ana Blandiana has also published: 50 de poeme, ("50 Poems"), 1970: Octombrie, Noiembrie, Decembrie ("October, November, December"), 1972; Întâmplări din grădina mea (Occurrences in My Garden), 1980; Ora de nisip ("The Hour of Sand"), 1984; Întâmplări de pe strada mea (Occurrences on My Street), 1988; În dimineața de după moarte ("On the Morning After Dying"), 1996; La cules îngeri ("Angel Gathering"), 1997; Cartea albă a lui Arpagic ("Arpagic's White Book"), 1998. She has also authored 6 books of essays and 4 books of other prose writings. Her work was translated into 16 languages.

Ora de nisip ("The Hour of Sand") has been translated into English by Peter Jay and Anca Cristofovici.

Presence in English language anthologies

 * 2019 -Testament - 400 Years of Romanian Poetry/400 de ani de poezie românească - Minerva Publishing 2019 - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator), with Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul, and Eva Foster. ISBN 978-973-21-1070-6
 * 2020 - Romanian Poetry from its Origins to the Present - bilingual edition - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Daniel Reynaud, Adriana Paul, and Eva Foster - Australian-Romanian Academy Publishing - 2020 - ISBN 978-0-9953502-8-1 ;
 * Testament - Anthology of Romanian Verse - American Edition - monolingual English language edition - Daniel Ioniță (editor and principal translator) with Eva Foster, Daniel Reynaud, and Rochelle Bews - Australian-Romanian Academy for Culture - 2017 - ISBN 978-0-9953502-0-5
 * Born in Utopia - An anthology of Modern and Contemporary Romanian Poetry - Carmen Firan and Paul Doru Mugur (editors) with Edward Foster - Talisman House Publishers - 2006 - ISBN 1-58498-050-8
 * The Phantom Church and Other Stories from Romania - Georgiana Farnoaga and Sharon King (editors and translators) - University of Pittsburgh Press - 1997 - ISBN 978-0-8229-5608-2

Affiliations

 * Member of the Writers' Union of Romania
 * Member of the European Academy of Poetry
 * 1990- 2004 President of the Romanian PEN Club (after its re-establishment in 1990)
 * 1994 - Founder and leader of the Civic Alliance Foundation, a Romanian non-party movement, whose aim was to alleviate the consequences of more than fifty years of communism in Romania.

title: Ana Blandiana


text:
Lee Patrick (actress)

Lee Patrick (November 22, 1901 – November 21, 1982) was an American actress whose career began in 1922 on the New York stage with her role in The Bunch and Judy which headlined Adele Astaire and featured Adele's brother Fred Astaire.

Patrick continued to perform in dozens of roles on the stage for the next decade, frequently in musicals and comedies, but also in dramatic parts like her 1931 performance as Meg in Little Women. She began to branch out into films in 1929. For half a century she created a credible body of cinematic work, her most memorable being as Sam Spade's assistant Effie in, and her reprise of the role in the George Segal comedy sequel The Black Bird (1975). Her talents were showcased in comedies such as the Jack Benny film George Washington Slept Here (1942) and as one of the foils of Rosalind Russell in. Dramatic parts such as an asylum inmate in The Snake Pit (1948) and as Pamela Tiffin's mother in were another facet of her repertoire. She played numerous guest roles in American television, but became a staple for that medium during the two-year run of Topper. As Henrietta Topper, her comedic timing played well against Leo G. Carroll as her husband, and against that of the two ghosts played by Robert Sterling and Anne Jeffreys. Patrick lent her voice to various animated characters of The Alvin Show in the early 1960s.

Personal life
Patrick was born on November 22, 1901, in New York City. By 1937, Patrick married newsman-writer Tom Wood, author of The Bright Side of Billy Wilder, Primarily, and remained married 45 years, until her death. They had no children. During her career in Hollywood, she was not in good standing with gossip columnist Louella Parsons, and this conflict kept her career stuck in the "B" ranks. Wood wrote a frank piece on Parsons which did not go over well with the columnist.

Patrick was a Republican and was supportive of Dwight Eisenhower's campaign during the 1952 presidential election. She was an Episcopalian.

Stage
Patrick debuted on Broadway in November 1922 in the ensemble of The Bunch and Judy, which ran for eight weeks. In September 1924 she returned to Broadway in an 8-week run of The Green Beetle at the Klaw Theatre, portraying the lead characters' daughter who escaped a murder attempt.

The Undercurrent was only the first of 5 plays in which Patrick honed her talent in 1925. The Backslapper (1925) was a political drama that ran for 33 performances with Patrick in a supporting role as Mrs. Kennedy. Patrick performed more comedy later in 1925: Bachelors' Brides was a farce in which she played a guardian angel; It All Depends was another comedy, The farce A Kiss in a Taxi completed Patrick's stage work of 1925. The Shelf (1926) ran for 32 performances. Patrick acted in three plays in 1927: the 12-performance comedy Baby Mine; the equally brief The Matrimonial Bed; and Nightstick, an 84-performance run through January 1928. The 24-performance The Common Sin was the only other play she did in 1928.

June Moon gave Patrick her longest run of her stage career, 273 performances in 1929 and 1930, and 48 performances in 1933. She rounded out 1930 with the 13-performance run of Room of Dreams. Privilege Car was her first play of 1931, but she soon was on stage in the musical Friendship and finished out that year with 17 performances as Meg in Little Women One of the briefest plays of her career was The Girl Outside in 1932, which ran for 8 performances; however, that one came on the heels of Blessed Event that had run for 115 performances.

After Shooting Star in 1933, and Slightly Delirious, her only play of 1934, Patrick began to look towards a film career. Knock on Wood and Abide With Me did not fare much better for her. She had a long run of 169 performances in Stage Door in 1936–1937, but only did one more Broadway play after that, the comedy Michael Drops In.

Feature films

Patrick had the starring role in her first film, Strange Cargo, an early American sound production for Pathé released on March 31, 1929. In this remake of producer Benjamin Glazer's Missing Man, British actor George Barraud played her leading man. It was another six years before she made another film: The Casino Murder Case for MGM. She had a bit part as a nurse in the film, which brought her together for the first time with Leo G. Carroll, with whom two decades later she worked on the television series Topper.

She remained in Hollywood and appeared in Border Cafe (1937). Over the next several years, she played numerous supporting roles, without attracting much critical attention. Patrick appeared in The Maltese Falcon (1941) as Effie Perine, the loyal and quick-thinking secretary of Humphrey Bogart's Sam Spade. Perine was one of Patrick's more enduring film characterizations. The same year, she appeared in a leading role as an intelligent, crime-solving nurse in The Nurse's Secret. Her other films include The Sisters (1938), Footsteps in the Dark (1941), Now, Voyager (1942), Mrs. Parkington (1944), Gambler's Choice (1944), Mildred Pierce (1945), Wake Up and Dream (1946), Caged (1950), There's No Business Like Show Business (1954), Vertigo (1958), Auntie Mame (1958), Pillow Talk (1959), Summer and Smoke (1961), and 7 Faces of Dr. Lao (1964).

In the mid-1960s, Lee retired to travel and paint in Orange County, California, but was coaxed back one more time to Hollywood. Her final film role was a reprise of the character Effie Perine in The Black Bird, a spoof of the Maltese Falcon, starring George Segal as Sam Spade, Jr., who in the storyline was forced to continue his father's work and to keep his increasingly sarcastic secretary; the film attempted to turn its revered predecessor into a comedy. The only actor joining her from the original cast was Elisha Cook Jr. The film premiered May 9, 1976.

Television
Patrick appeared on television in the sitcom Topper (1953–1955) with Leo G. Carroll, Anne Jeffreys, and Robert Sterling.

She made several appearances as the mother of Ida Lupino in the sitcom Mr. Adams and Eve (1957–1958). In 1962 she played Mrs. Carreway, who mistook Marshal Micah Torrance to be her long lost husband, in The Rifleman episode “Guilty Conscience.” In 1963, she appeared as Aunt Wilma Howard in the episode "Skeleton in the Closet" of the sitcom The Real McCoys.

In 1965, she appeared as Mrs. Ashton Durham in the episode "It's a Dog's World" of Hazel and as Cora Prichard in an episode titled "Noblesse Oblige" during the show's final season. She turned in a voice performance as Mrs. Frumpington in an episode of the animated series The Alvin Show, which may be heard on the soundtrack LP by David Seville and The Chipmunks. Patrick made three appearances on I Married Joan.

Death
Patrick died suddenly on November 21, 1982, from a heart seizure at Laguna Beach, California, a day before her 81st birthday.

Film

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title: Lee Patrick (actress)


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