text:
Select Committee on Reserves (Reserve 43131) Bill 2003

The Select Committee on Reserves (Reserve 43131) Bill 2003 is an Australian select committee that investigated the eviction of the Swan Valley Nyungah Community (SVNC) from their traditional land through the use of the Reserves (Reserve 43131) Bill 2003. It investigated the motives of the Western Australian Gallop government in proposing and passing the bill.

Background
The Nyungah Aboriginal peoples have made attempts to reclaim their traditional land since 1919 when the Guildford Aboriginals were transhipped to the Moore River native settlement. Robert Bropho, an Aboriginal elder, and his extended family campaigned vigorously for the right to occupy the area which presently takes in Reserve 43131. The SVNC was established in 1977 and under the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 they were given control of the reserve.

On 12 February 1999 a 15-year-old Aboriginal woman named Susan Taylor committed suicide in the reserve and on 22–30 October 2001 a coronial inquiry was held. The inquest investigated the circumstances in which Taylor and other Aboriginal young people lived. It accepted evidence that rape and sexual abuse of Aboriginal minors was widespread in Western Australia, that sexually transmitted diseases were higher than with non-Aboriginal children, that Aboriginal mortality rates are many times higher than that of the non-Aboriginal community, and that drug taking with Aboriginal people was a major problem. The Coroner also heard evidence "regarding alleged sexual abuse taking place in locations near the Reserve by Caucasian males providing paint or glue to young people for sexual favours. Allegations were also made against Bropho of sexual misconduct, involving Taylor and her mother Lena Spratt. An allegation of indecent assault made by Taylor against Bropho's son, Richard Bropho, was not pursued due to her death and a lack of corroborating evidence. Robert and Richard Bropho have strenuously denied these allegations." (2.28, page 57, Select Committee) The coroner found that government departments should not be restricted from Aboriginal reserves due to the alleged situation of abuse in Aboriginal communities. Allegations were also made that Robert Bropho had stopped the Aboriginal Medical Service from visiting the reserve due to the death of an infant, and in 1996 had also stopped the Department of Family and Children's Services after a child had disclosed inappropriate touching by older boys.

Gordon Inquiry
In the aftermath of the coronial inquiry, the Western Australian government established an inquiry entitled Inquiry into Response by Government Agencies to Complaints of Family Violence and Child Abuse in Aboriginal Communities, or better known as the Gordon Inquiry after the chairwoman, Family Court Magistrate Sue Gordon. It was announced on 29 November 2001 by the Premier of Western Australia, Geoff Gallop. Its terms of reference were to examine the way that "Government agencies dealt with issues of violence and child sexual abuse at the Swan Valley Nyoongar community", to examine "how State Government agencies respond to evidence of family violence and child sexual abuse that may be occurring in Aboriginal communities generally", and to give "recommendations on practical solutions for addressing incidents of sexual abuse in Aboriginal communities, including any necessary legislative and administrative measures".

Published on 31 July 2002 the "Gordon Report" made a number of recommendations in respect of the Swan Valley Nyungah Community and government agencies.

Findings
The Report of the Upper House Select Committee on Reserves (Reserve 43131) Bill 2003 found that Gallop's decision "to act rapidly, by-passing all normal processes, was justified on false information". It also found that the Government "was not in a position to accommodate former residents of the SVNC quickly" and had "significantly underestimated the number of families and individuals requiring assistance". The Select Committee made findings against the conduct of Premier Gallop's media adviser Kieran Murphy, who promised an exclusive story to newspaper journalist Colleen Egan. The report concluded that this "made Mr Murphy’s active participation in decision making all the more improper", "In particular, Mr Murphy’s obligation to deliver to Ms Egan a dramatic and media-worthy response mitigated against a considered and measured resolution". The Select Committee also found against Sean Walsh, Premier Gallop's Chief of Staff. The Report concluded that he had "completely bypassed the convention that public servants should advise vigorously and honestly and governments should decide in the light of their advice". It suggested that Walsh's conduct constituted a disciplinary offence under section 74 of the 1994 Public Sector Management Act.

The Select Committee also made findings against Richard Curry, Director General of the Department of Indigenous Affairs and Jane Brazier, Director General of the Department of Community Development, who "gave responses to the Premier based on incorrect, misleading and unsubstantiated anecdotal evidence" and did not test "the veracity of information given to them or their departments in areas that they should have known to be a government priority". Curry and Brazier had "no proper basis for providing advice to the Premier" as their departments were "inactive in regard to the Lord Street Camp". The Directors General "hadn't checked what their departments were doing before making their decision".

Magistrate Sue Gordon, who was interviewed by the Select Committee and said: "I would not single out the Swan Valley Nyungah Community. That was just in the media the most because of Mr Bropho and the allegations against him. There are allegations against a lot of other so-called leaders but they do not get as much publicity". Gordon, who said the Swan Valley Nyungah Community was "an adequate and reasonably well maintained facility" also said "I do not think there are any similarities whatsoever between a management order and a memorandum of understanding".


text:
Apicophilicity

Apicophilicity is the phenomenon in which electronegative substituents of trigonal bipyramidal pentacoordinate compounds prefer to occupy apical (axial) positions (Lap).

The term "apicophilicity" was first proposed by Earl L. Muetterties in 1963 for the structural analysis of pentacoordinate phosphorus fluorides by 19F NMR. Since the apical bonding of a pentacoordinate typical (group 1, 2, 13-18) element compound consists of a 3-center-4-electron bond, in which the electron density is localized on two apical substituents, an arrangement in which electronegative substituents occupy apical positions is more stable.

The apicophilicity of a substituent is defined as the difference in energy between two isomeric structures in which the substituent occupies an apical position and an equatorial position (Leq). Experimentally, instead of direct measurement of the energy difference, which is usually difficult to measure, the relative energy barriers for pseudorotation of isomers are used for determination of the apicophilicity scale. Some experimental and theoretical studies have been made to measure relative apicophilicities for various substituents.

The apicophilicity of a substituent mainly depends on its electronegativity, but some other factors can also have an effect. A bulky substituent prefers equatorial positions, which are more distant from other substituents. A substituent with π-bonding ability also prefers equatorial positions. The use of multidentate ligands can also control the arrangement of substituents. For example, a bidentate ligand with a five-membered ring structure greatly stabilizes the arrangement in which their two coordination sites occupy equatorial and an apical position.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Apicophilicity


text:
Dane Lanken

Dane Lanken (December 9, 1945 – March 3, 2023) was a Canadian journalist and author.

Career
Lanken was a film critic for the Montreal Gazette from 1967 to 1977, and was then a freelance journalist who wrote regularly for Canadian Geographic, among other publications such as Glengarry Life, the annual volume of the Glengarry Historical Society.

Lanken wrote Montreal Movie Palaces: Great Theatres of the Golden Era 1884 - 1938, which includes photographs by Brian Merrett and Julie Greto. In 2007 he wrote the career biography of folksingers Kate & Anna McGarrigle.

Personal life and death
Lanken was married to singer-songwriter Anna McGarrigle, and had appeared as a vocalist on several of her albums with her sister Kate McGarrigle. McGarrigle and Lanken had two children, Lily Lanken and Sylvan Lanken, and lived near the Eastern Ontario town of Alexandria, in North Glengarry.

Lanken died on March 3, 2023.

title: Dane Lanken


text:
Talk:Bad Company (drum and bass group)

Untitled
DEIBC )E|B( or )EIB( ? --Deelkar (talk) 09:28, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

changed pics to proper promo pics. all four members are now represented Themindset 23:55, 19 May 2005 (UTC)

removed as POV

 * Their first release as a collective as Absolute zero and Subphonics when they released the code on Renegade hardware. They then had a much-publicised split with hardware and went on to form their own label Bad Company recordings and their debut release under the Bad company Moniker was 'The Nine'. 'The Nine', a monster of a tune that promoted them instantly into the heavyweight league. Undeterred, they met the pressure with a leading left jab ('The Pulse' released on Rider's Prototype), a potent right uppercut ('Iraq' via Formation) and a killer left cross ('The Fear') that left the d&b fraternity reeling. Then they went in for the kill, unleashing a series of bass-heavy body blows and steely karate chops with their long-player 'Inside The Machine'. Within a year, Bad Company had climbed to the top of the heap and become the official Champions Of Drum & Bass.

If someone can take this info and process it into something that looks remotely NPOV, please do. Themindset 22:20, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

This is a total copy and paste job from http://www.liquidfunk.co.uk/badcompany.htm

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title: Talk:Bad Company (drum and bass group)


text:
Gary Chalk

Gary Chalk (born 1952) is an English illustrator and model-maker.

Biography
A native of rural Hertfordshire, Chalk began playing wargames at the age of fifteen. He took a BA in design and worked as a teacher of art and design before going freelance.

Chalk is perhaps best known for his contributions to the Lone Wolf series of gamebooks written by Joe Dever. In addition to Lone Wolf, Gary has been involved in the artwork for a number of other notable games and books. These include the board game Talisman, and the first six volumes of the Redwall series of children's books. He has also drawn maps for the entire selection of Warriors books by Erin Hunter.

Chalk and Ian Bailey created the game Fantasy Warlord (1990) to attempt to compete with Games Workshop's Warhammer Fantasy Battle.

In 2009–2010, Chalk illustrated Allan Frewin Jones' Sundered Lands books. He is also illustrating with original artworks the French edition of Mongoose Publishing's Lone Wolf RPG. Chalk was one of the illustrators of The Secret History of Giants (2008), by Ari Berk.

Other games

 * Battlecars and the expansion Battlebikes
 * Cry Havoc
 * Curse of the Mummy's Tomb
 * Fantasy Warlord
 * Cadwallon
 * Devil Kings
 * HeroQuest (Cards and Rulebook)
 * Terror of the Lichemaster

title: Gary Chalk


text:
Ontario Highway 406

King's Highway 406 (pronounced "four-oh-six"), commonly referred to as Highway 406, is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The primary north–south route through the central portion of the Niagara Peninsula, Highway 406 connects Welland, Thorold and downtown St. Catharines to the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW).

Construction of Highway 406 began in 1963. The first section opened between St. Davids Road and Geneva Street on December 7, 1965, followed by a southward extension to Beaverdams Road in late 1969. The route was later extended south as a super two to Merritt Road where it became Highway 58. In 1977, construction began to connect the freeway with the QEW; this was completed in late 1984. Construction on the route resumed in 1987, connecting the route with East Main Street in Welland, completed in 1995. In 2009 construction resumed on the highway to expand the remaining two-lane sections to a four-lane divided freeway, with the existing route becoming the southbound lanes of the new freeway. The southern terminus in Welland was converted to a roundabout while the remaining at-grade intersections were rebuilt as interchanges.

Route description
From 1987 until 2015, Highway 406 was unique as the only 400-series highway with two lane sections and with an at-grade rail crossing. The highway is heavily travelled within St. Catharines, but volumes drop considerably south of the city. The speed limit on Highway 406 varies from 80 km/h to 100 km/h. It is patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police.

The 406 designation begins at East Main Street in Welland at a roundabout immediately west of East Main Street Tunnel beneath the Welland Canal. From here the now-four-lane divided road veers northeast and travels parallel to the canal. Two golf courses separate the canal. As the highway passes to the west of them, it jogs to the west and crosses a Trillium Railway spur (formerly at-grade, now over the railway), and meets Daimler Parkway and Woodlawn Road at a newly constructed interchange. Soon after, it crosses the Welland River and then the former channel of the canal, which was replaced by the current Welland By-Pass in the 1970s.

The highway curves to the northwest as it passes through thick forest, and meets another newly built interchange with Merritt Road (formerly Highway 58), which as of 2009 was being rebuilt as a grade-separated interchange. After this, it returns to its northward orientation and passes the final former at-grade intersection, Niagara Regional Road 63 (Port Robinson Road).

North of Port Robinson Road, the forests break and the freeway continues straight north for 7 km through a mostly agricultural area. Along the straightaway are interchanges with former Highway 20 and Niagara Regional Road 67 (Beaverdams Road). The freeway crosses over Lake Gibson, and curves to the northeast. It passes beneath Niagara Regional Road 71 (St. Davids Road) and Highway 58 at a complicated interchange as it descends the Niagara Escarpment, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, and enters St. Catharines.

Within St. Catharines, Highway 406 twists frequently, entering the Twelve Mile Creek valley south of a complicated interchange with Westchester Avenue and Geneva Street and curving west. Within the valley, the freeway features a lower design speed and reduced speed limit of 80 km/h. It passes beneath the high-level St. Paul Street bridge, crosses the creek and intersects Fourth Avenue. Exiting the creek valley, the freeway parallels Fourth Avenue for a 1 km, gradually curves to the north and ends 3 km to the north, ending at a trumpet interchange with the QEW.

History
Planning for Highway 406 began in early 1959, when Minister of Highways Fred M. Cass presented the Ontario Roads and Streets report to the Ontario Legislative Assembly on March 16, outlining highways needs for the province over 20 years. One of the planned routes was a freeway to link Highway 3 in Port Colborne with the QEW, travelling alongside the Welland Canal. By 1961, route studies and planning were well underway. The future route was designated as Highway 406 despite construction not beginning until 1963; the first section, between Geneva Street and St. Davids Road, opened December 7, 1965. This was followed several years later by an extension south to Beaverdams Road, which opened November 21, 1969. During the early 1970s, the highway was extended south as a Super 2 to north of the Welland River, where it curved west along Merritt Road and became Highway 58. This extension, which included the Beaverdams Road interchange and a signalized intersection, was opened on June 30, 1971.

In 1977, construction began on the section of Highway 406 between Geneva Street and the QEW. This work included the construction of several large bridges over the widened ravine, a curving structure over Twelve Mile Creek, and the first single-point urban interchange (SPUI) in Ontario (the only other SPUI is located on Airport Parkway in Ottawa). The original design plans for Highway 406 called for this section to follow the creek valley the full distance to the QEW, interchanging with it east of Martindale Road. Instead, the alignment was moved west of the city. Realignments to several streets in St. Catharines were completed in advance of construction on overpasses, ramps and the bridges over Twelve Mile Creek; this work was finished in late 1983. Grading contracts were awarded in mid-1983 for the entire extension. Paving took place during the summer of 1984, and the route was opened to traffic in October 1984.

Further work to extend the future southbound lanes Highway 406 to East Main Street in Welland began during the fall of 1987, including an eastward extension of Woodlawn Road. Construction of the bridges that carry the extension over the Welland River and old canal began in mid-1988, and was completed during the fall of 1989. Work then began to grade and pave the Woodlawn Road Extension to Highway 406 and Highway 406 between there and East Main Street. The extension was completed by the mid-1990s.

Expansion
Highway 406 was the last 400-series highway that featured at-grade intersections and two lane sections. The original intention was to twin this two-lane section shortly after it was constructed in the 1970s. Plans were deferred multiple times, until the project resumed in the early 2000s. The first phase of this twinning opened to traffic in 2007, extending the four-lane highway 5.6 km from its previous convergence south of Beaverdams Road to a point north of Port Robinson Road.

On May 15 2009, Minister of Transportation Jim Bradley announced that the section from Port Robinson road to East Main Street in Welland would be converted to a full freeway; this work included a roundabout at East Main Street to replace the existing signalized intersection. Work on the Merritt Road overpass began in September 2009, and was scheduled for completion in mid-2011. On August 19, 2011, full construction began with a groundbreaking ceremony. The roundabout with East Main Street opened to traffic on September 5, 2013, featuring no central island. By September 2015, all the at-grade intersections had been removed and the 406 was a minimum four-lane, controlled-access freeway for its entire length. Despite requests from local politicians, there are no plans to extend Highway 406 to Port Colborne at this time.

title: Ontario Highway 406


text:
Education Act 1695

The Education Act 1695 (7 Will. 3. c. 4 (I)), was an act of the Parliament of Ireland, one of a series of Penal Laws, prohibiting Catholics from sending their children to be educated abroad. Its long title is "An Act to restrain Foreign Education".

It ruled:

title: Education Act 1695


text:
Russell Maughan

Russell Lowell Maughan (March 28, 1893 – April 21, 1958) was an officer in the United States Army and a pioneer aviator. His career began during World War I, and spanned the period in which military aviation developed from a minor arm of the Army Signal Corps to the huge Army Air Forces on the verge of becoming a separate service.

Maughan became a pursuit pilot and served in combat in France in 1918 with the United States Army Air Service. Following the war, he remained in the Air Service and became a test pilot. In 1924 Maughan completed the first flight across the continental United States within the hours of daylight of a single calendar day.

Biography
Maughan was born March 28, 1893, in Logan, Utah, to Peter W. and Mary (née Naef) Maughan. He graduated from Utah State Agricultural College in June 1917.

The United States had entered World War I and Maughan enlisted as an Army aviation cadet. Commissioned a first lieutenant in the Signal Officer Reserve Corps after flight training and rated a Reserve Military Aviator, he served in France with the 139th Aero Squadron, where he flew a Spad XIII. Maughan was credited with four aerial victories and awarded the Distinguished Service Cross on October 27, 1918, the citation for which is given below.

He remained in the Air Service following the end of the war and was assigned to its Engineering Division at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, as a test pilot. Besides testing new designs, his responsibilities including public demonstrations of military aircraft and participation in air races. The Engineering Division had drawn the interest of Brig. Gen. Billy Mitchell, Assistant Chief of the Air Service, who saw in it the opportunity for promoting the concept of an Air Force independent of the Army. On July 1, 1920, when the Air Service became a combat arm of the Army, Maughan received a Regular commission as a 1st lieutenant, Air Service. He transferred to Crissy Field at the Presidio of San Francisco in 1921 and joined the 91st Observation Squadron, then engaged in aerial forest fire patrol.

In 1922 the National Air Races were held at Selfridge Field, Michigan, where the Air Service entered the Pulitzer Trophy Race with ten aircraft it had solicited from various manufacturers for use as possible pursuit planes, with specification that they be capable of reaching a speed of 190 mi/h or greater. Flying a Curtiss R-6 racer, a precursor of the PW-8 design, Maughan won the Pulitzer race with an average speed of 205.86 mi/h, on October 14, 1922. On October 16, flying the 1-kilometer course, he averaged 229 mi/h for eight circuits, 232.22 mi/h for four, and reached 248.5 mi/h on one. This established a new international record, but it was not observed by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) officials and was not officially recognized.

The following year Maughan officially set a new international speed record of 236.5 mi/h. He also made two attempts in July to fly coast-to-coast in a single day, using the new Curtiss PW-8, but mechanical problems thwarted both flights. On June 23, 1924, his third attempt succeeded, the first Dawn-to-dusk transcontinental flight across the United States. The flight was made in six legs, with an actual flying time of 18 hours and 20 minutes, at an average ground speed of more than 156 mph. In 1928 he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for the flight.

Maughan served in the Philippines from 1930 to 1935, with duty as Secretary of Aviation and Consultant to the Philippine Cabinet from 1930 to 1932. In 1939 he surveyed and selected airfields in Greenland and Iceland for aircraft ferry routes to Britain.

Maughan, promoted to lieutenant colonel, commanded the 60th Transport Group, Pope Field, North Carolina, from July 28, 1941, to April 15, 1942. Promoted again to colonel, he was advanced to command of the 51st Troop Carrier Wing from June 1, 1942, to October 20, 1942, which included its deployment to England.

Colonel Maughan retired in 1946, and died April 21, 1958, at San Antonio, Texas, during surgery. He is buried in the Logan City Cemetery near the Utah State University campus in Logan, Utah. He is a member of the Utah Aviation Hall of Fame and is honored with a plaque in the Hill Aerospace Museum, Hill Air Force Base, Utah. A plaque commemorating the first "Dawn-to-dusk transcontinental flight across the United States was erected on the Utah State University campus in Logan, Utah, on Veteran's Day, 2006.

Awards

 * Distinguished Service Cross
 * Distinguished Flying Cross
 * World War I Victory Medal
 * American Defense Service Medal
 * American Campaign Medal
 * European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
 * World War II Victory Medal

Citation for Distinguished Service Cross
MAUGHAN, RUSSELL L.
 * First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army
 * Pilot, 139th Aero Squadron, Air Service, A.E.F.
 * Date of Action: October 27, 1918
 * Citation:
 * The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Russell L. Maughan, First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action near Sommerance, France, October 27, 1918. Accompanied by two other planes, Lieutenant Maughan was patrolling our lines, when he saw slightly below him an enemy plane (Fokker type). When he started an attack upon it he was attacked from behind by four more of the enemy. By several well-directed shots he sent one of his opponents to the earth, and, although the forces of the enemy were again increased by seven planes, he so skillfully maneuvered that he was able to escape toward his lines. While returning he attacked and brought down an enemy plane which was diving on our trenches.
 * General Orders No. 46, W.D., 1919
 * Birth: Logan, UT
 * Home Town: Logan, UT

Citation for Distinguished Flying Cross

 * Rank: First Lieutenant

 * General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 4 (1928)

 * Citation:
 * The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Flying Cross to First Lieutenant (Air Service) Russell L. Maughan, U.S. Army Air Corps, for extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight. Lieutenant Maughan departed from Mitchel Field, Long Island, New York, at 2:58 a.m. Eastern standard time, on 23 June 1924, in a modified service type pursuit airplane on the dawn-to-dusk flight, and landed at Crissy Field, San Francisco, California, at 9:47 p.m. Pacific time, the same date. He flew over 2,540 miles in 21 hours and 48 and a half minutes, thereby making the fastest time ever made by man between New York and San Francisco.

title: Russell Maughan


text:
Marriage Act

Marriage Act may refer to a number of pieces of legislation:

Australia

 * Marriage Act 1961, Australia's law that governs legal marriage.
 * Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017

Canada

 * Civil Marriage Act passed in Canada explicitly permitting same-sex marriages.

Hong Kong

 * Marriage Ordinance 1875
 * Marriage Reform Ordinance 1970

India

 * Special Marriage Act, 1954
 * Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

New Zealand

 * Marriage Act 1854, an early law in the colony governing marriage
 * Marriage Act 1955, the current Act
 * Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013

South Africa

 * Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949, outlawing marriages between Whites and non-Whites
 * Marriage Act, 1961, and its amending acts:
 * Marriage Amendment Act, 1964
 * Marriage Amendment Act, 1968
 * Marriage Amendment Act, 1970
 * Marriage Amendment Act, 1972
 * Marriage Amendment Act, 1973
 * Marriage Amendment Act, 1981
 * Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amendment Act, 1985, repealing the 1949 prohibition
 * Recognition of Customary Marriages Act, 1998, which recognised marriages under African customary law
 * Civil Union Act, 2006, which extended marriage to same-sex couples

United Kingdom

 * Royal Marriages Act 1772 (E & W & S)
 * Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act 1907 (7 Edw. 7. c. 47) (UK)

Extent unknown by author:
 * Marriage Act 1811 or the Marriage of Lunatics Act 1811 (51 Geo. 3. c. 37) (the second short title was conferred by the Short Titles Act 1896, s.1 & first Sch.)
 * Marriage Act 1823 (4 Geo. 4. c. 76) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Marriage Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 32) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Marriage Act 1835 (5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 54) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Marriage Act 1836 (6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 85) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Births and Deaths Registration Act 1837 (7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. 22) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Marriage Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c. 72) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Marriage (Society of Friends) Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 18) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Marriage Confirmation Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 24) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Infant Marriage Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict. c. 83) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Marriage (Society of Friends) Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 10) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Greek Marriages Act 1884 (47 & 48 Vict. c. 20)
 * Marriages Validity Act 1886 (49 & 50 Vict. c. 3)
 * Marriages Act 1886 (49 & 50 Vict. c. 14)

The Marriage Acts 1811 to 1886 means the Marriage Act 1811, the Marriage Act 1823, the Marriage Act 1824, the Marriage Confirmation Act 1830, the Marriage Act 1835, the Marriage Act 1836, the Births and Deaths Registration Act 1837, the Marriage Act 1840, the Marriage and Registration Act 1856, the Marriage (Society of Friends) Act 1860, the Marriage Confirmation Act 1860, the Marriage (Society of Friends) Act 1872, the Greek Marriages Act 1884, the Marriages Validity Act 1886 and the Marriages Act 1886.

The Marriage Acts 1811 to 1929 was the collective title of the Marriage Acts 1811 to 1898 and the Age of Marriage Act 1929 so far as it related to England.

England and Wales

 * French Queen's Jointure (on Marriage to Duke of Suffolk) Act 1515 (7 Hen. 8. c. 8)
 * Six Clerks in Chancery Act 1523 (14 & 15 Hen. 8. c. 8)
 * Succession to the Crown (Marriage) Act 1536 (28 Hen. 8. c. 7)
 * Marriage of Richard Devereux Act 1536 (28 Hen. 8. c. 37)
 * Marriage of Lord Bulbeck Act 1536 (28 Hen. 8. c. 48)
 * Marriage Act 1540 (32 Hen. 8. c. 38)
 * Clergy Marriage Act 1548 (2 & 3 Edw. 6. c. 21)
 * Marriages (Pre-contract) Act 1548 (2 & 3 Edw. 6. c. 23)
 * 2 & 3 Edw. 6. c. 23 (repealed by the Marriage Act 1949, s.79 & fifth Sch., Pt.I)
 * Clergy Marriage Act 1551 (5 & 6 Edw. 6. c. 12)
 * Queen Mary's Marriage Act 1554 (1 Mar. Sess. 3. c. 2)
 * Bigamy Act 1603 (1 Jas. 1. c. 11)
 * Oath of Allegiance, etc. Act 1609 (7 Jas. 1. c. 6)
 * Confirmation of Marriages Act 1660 (12 Cha. 2. c. 33)
 * Marriage Duty Act 1694 (6 & 7 Will. & Mar. c. 6)
 * Marriage Act 1697, a Penal Law passed in 1697 discouraging interfaith marriages. All interfaith marriages would be considered legally Catholic. The married couple would have to live under the tough Catholic laws.
 * Clandestine Marriages Act 1753 (26 Geo. 2. c. 33)
 * Marriage Confirmation Act 1830 (11 Geo. 4 & 1 Will. 4. c. 18) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Marriage and Registration Act 1856 (19 & 20 Vict. c. 119) (short title: 1896 Act, s.1)
 * Foreign Marriage Act 1892
 * Marriage with Foreigners Act 1906
 * Marriage of British Subjects (Facilities) Act 1915
 * Marriage of British Subjects (Facilities) Amendment Act 1916
 * Age of Marriage Act 1929 (19 & 20 Geo. 5. c. 36)
 * Marriage Act 1939
 * Foreign Marriage Act 1947
 * Marriage Act 1949
 * Marriage Act 1949 (Amendment) Act 1954
 * Marriage Acts Amendment Act 1958
 * Marriage (Secretaries of Synagogues) Act 1959
 * Marriage (Enabling) Act 1960 (8 & 9 Eliz. 2. c. 29)
 * Marriage (Wales and Monmouthshire) Act 1962
 * Marriage (Registrar General's Licence) Act 1970
 * Marriage Act 1983
 * Marriage (Prohibited Degrees of Relationship) Act 1986
 * Marriage (Wales) Act 1986
 * Foreign Marriage (Amendment) Act 1988
 * Marriage (Registration of Buildings) Act 1990
 * Marriage Act 1994
 * Marriage Ceremony (Prescribed Words) Act 1996
 * City of London (Approved Premises for Marriage) Act 1996
 * Forced Marriage (Civil Protection) Act 2007
 * Marriage (Wales) Act 2010
 * Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013
 * Marriage and Civil Partnership (Minimum Age) Act 2022

Scotland

 * Marriage (Scotland) Act 1939
 * Marriage (Scotland) Act 1956
 * Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977
 * Marriage (Scotland) Act 2002
 * Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014

Northern Ireland

 * Deceased Brother's Widow's Marriage Act (Northern Ireland) 1924
 * Marriage (Declaration of Law) Act (Northern Ireland) 1944
 * Age of Marriage Act (Northern Ireland) 1951

United States

 * The repealed Affirmation of Marriage Act in Virginia (1997)
 * The overturned Defense of Marriage Act (1996)
 * The failed Marriage Protection Act (2004)
 * The Respect for Marriage Act (2022)

title: Marriage Act


text:
User:Froob~enwiki

Froob has multiple definitons in the gaming world.

Froob:

-A frub from KoF -A edible substance -Fr00balicious -Adolf Froob -An online gamer, name derived from the common use of Froob, meaning a non-paying member of any MMO.

-A Frugal Noob

-A Fruit Noob (Noob Fruit)

-A Freakin' noob

And alot more...

FROOB The greatest of them all =]

froob is the coolest and better than nosh

title: User:Froob~enwiki


text:
Banishment Act 1697

The Banishment Act 1697 or Bishops' Banishment Act 1697 (9 Will. 3. c. 1 (I)) was a 1697 act of the Parliament of Ireland which banished all ordinaries and regular clergy of the Roman Catholic Church from Ireland. By 1 May 1698 all "popish archbishops, bishops, vicars general, deans, Jesuits, monks, friars, and other regular popish clergy" had to be in one of several named ports awaiting a ship out of the country. Remaining or entering the country after this date would be punished as a first offence with 12 months' imprisonment followed by expulsion. A second offence constituted high treason.

The act was one of the Penal Laws passed after the Williamite War to safeguard the Church of Ireland as the established church and from fears of Catholic clerical support for Jacobitism. It was foreshadowed by proclamations issued by the Dublin Castle administration in 1673 and 1678 with similar terms. The banishment was originally and most effectively applied to regular clergy, many of whom registered (under the Registration Act 1704) as parish priests to be treated as secular clergy and avoid deportation. The ban on bishops may have been intended to prevent ordination of new priests, which, coupled with a ban on clerical immigration, would lead to their eventual extinction. Of the eight Catholic bishops in Ireland when the act was passed, two left, one (John Sleyne) was arrested, and five went into hiding. The port authorities paid for the passage of 424 clerics who emigrated; Mary of Modena estimated that about 700 in total left, of whom 400 settled in France. Priest hunters were active in subsequent decades. Maurice Donnellan, Bishop of Clonfert, was arrested in 1703 but rescued by an armed crowd.

Amendment and repeal
The act was gradually less stringently enforced as the eighteenth century progressed. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1782 provided that its provisions could not apply to a priest who had registered and taken the oath of supremacy. The act was explicitly repealed by the Statute Law Revision (Ireland) Act 1878.

title: Banishment Act 1697


text:
Atlanta and St. Andrews Bay Railroad

The Atlanta and St. Andrews Bay Railroad, also known as the Bay Line, was a Class I railroad which operated in Alabama and Florida. The company was founded in 1906 and opened its mainline between Dothan, Alabama, and Panama City, Florida, in 1908. Later reclassified as a short-line railroad, its assets were acquired by the Bay Line Railroad in 1994.

History
As with many railroads in the region, the A&SAB began in the minds of timber investors and land developers seeking to access the agricultural resources of the Florida Panhandle and South Alabama. Chief among them was A. B. Steele, who created the railroad to build south out of Dothan towards the Gulf Coast. The company incorporated on February 14, 1906, and opened its 82 mi line between Dothan and Panama City on July 15, 1908. Panama City was incorporated the following year at the terminus of the line. Plans were soon made to extend the railroad north to Atlanta, however financial difficulties and pressure from the Central of Georgia railroad put an end to any plans for extension.

World War II brought about a considerable increase in traffic on the A&SAB. Several military bases in the vicinity of Panama City ensured the Bay Line would remain a hotbed of activity for the duration of the war. Shortly after the war in 1947, the A&SAB was granted Class I status. The company offered sleeper and coach passenger train service nightly between Panama City and Atlanta Union Station via Albany and Macon. The trains went over Central of Georgia Railway tracks from Dothan, Alabama, to Atlanta. At some point between 1955 and 1956 A&StA terminated all passenger service --coach and sleeping car service.

TOFC service began in 1962 with the construction of ramps at Panama City and Cottondale. Additional expansion came with the construction of a branch line to Graceville in 1971. In 1979 International Paper sold the railroad to Southwest Forest Industries, and the railroad changed hands again with the sale of Southwest Forest Industries to the Stone Container Corporation in 1987.

In 1989, Stone Container Corporation purchased from CSX Transportation a branch line from Grimes to Abbeville, Alabama. The new railroad, the Abbeville-Grimes Railway Company, was operated by the A&SAB. On January 1, 1994, the Rail Management Corporation acquired the assets of the railroad and created a new company, the Bay Line Railroad, to operate it.

Graceville branch
Construction of the branch spanning 7 mi from Campbellton, Florida, to Graceville was completed on July 14, 1971. Graceville was located at the terminus of the Georgiana branch of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. This allowed for interchange between the two railroads and access to a Southwest Forest Industries woodchip mill located in Graceville that supplied the Panama City paper mill. In addition to the woodchip mill, Gold Kist operated a peanut mill in Graceville.

The Seaboard System Railroad, successor to the Louisville and Nashville, abandoned the line into Graceville on January 16, 1984. The A&SAB purchased the small yard and wye track in Graceville from the vacating Seaboard and continued serving the city. Declining traffic prompted the abandonment of the branch by the mid 1990s.

Abbeville branch
Stone Container Corporation purchased the line between Grimes and Abbeville on March 1, 1989. The primary source of traffic is a woodchip mill near Abbeville, which provides woodchips for the Panama City paper mill. The Bay Line accessed the Abbeville & Grimes branch via trackage rights with CSX between Grimes and Dothan. The Abbeville branch was included in the sale to the Bay Line Railroad. The A&G was formally merged into the Bay Line on June 26, 1996.

title: Atlanta and St. Andrews Bay Railroad


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Registration Act

The Registration Act (2 Anne c. 7 (I); long title An Act for registering the Popish Clergy) was an act of the Parliament of Ireland passed in 1704, which required all "Popish" (Roman Catholic) priests to register at their local magistrates' court, to pay two 50-pound bonds to ensure good behavior, and to stay in the county where they registered.

The act was one of a series of Penal Laws passed after the Williamite War to protect the victorious Protestant Ascendancy from a church seen as loyal to the defeated Jacobites and to foreign powers. Its second section stated that if an Irish Catholic priest was to convert to the established Church of Ireland, he would receive a 20-pound stipend, levied on the residents of the area where he had last practised. Unregistered clergy were to depart Ireland before the 20 July 1704 and any remaining after 24 June 1705 would be deported. Any that returned would be punished as under the Banishment Act 1697 (as high treason). These were sought by freelance "priest hunters".

Amendment and repeal
A 1704 act (4 Anne c. 2 (I)) amended the Registration Act, Banishment Act and Popery Act, to close a loophole whereby they had not applied to priests ordained after the original act first came into force. The 1704 act, originally set to expire after the 1708–09 session of Parliament, was made permanent in that session. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1782 provided that these acts' provisions could not apply to a priest who had registered and taken an oath of allegiance. Daniel O'Connell drafted a comprehensive Catholic Emancipation bill in the 1820s which would have repealed all these acts; in the event the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 was more limited and the acts were not formally repealed until the Statute Law Revision (Ireland) Act 1878.

title: Registration Act


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jacob Sager Weinstein

Jacob Sager Weinstein
This page may count as a vanity page. I created it about myself when I first became a Wikipedia user, and was unfamiliar with Wikipedia community standards. Having become more familiar with them, I've come to the understanding that it was inappropriate of me to create the page, for which I apologize to the Wikipedia community.

Technically speaking, I do meet the Criteria for Inclusion of Biographies, having written for a commercially distributed television show with an audience of 5000 or more, as well as for various print publications with similar readership. Nonetheless, my own opinion is that the criteria for a self-created page should be substantially higher than that of a non-self-created page, and that therefore my Wikipedia entry should probably be deleted...

--Jacobw 09:41, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. You seem notable. --JuntungWu 11:17, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I applaud your honesty and the fact that you made the listing yourself. It isn't a question, really, of notability, but the rules against autobiography.  There are a surprising number of Wikipedians who, under their own names, have achieved some significant notability, but it is best to keep the rule against autobiography for the great and the not-so-great alike.  Geogre 14:51, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Again folks, it's one of our policies that we don't allow autobiography. Geogre 20:01, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Marginal keep. GRider\talk 17:45, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - violates autobiography policy. Keep votes should be ignored until such time as autobiography policy is repealed (otherwise, what's the point of having the policy?). Give Jacobw a cookie for cleaning up after himself. -- Cyrius|✎ 20:15, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Neutral. I've always thought policies are more like strong recomendations than laws. - Lifefeed 19:42, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - I changed my vote because he seems to want the article nuked, although I think he's notable enough for inclusion. Wyss 20:19, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete is my vote--what Geogre and Cyrius said. That said, I would encourage Mr. Weinstein to consider using the Move tab at the top of the article's page to move it to the currently blank User:Jacobw, where such personal information is commonly shared by the notable and non-notable Wikipedians alike. BTW, it looks like you took an extended Wikivacation (pretty much from last Spring until a few days ago), so it's nice to have you back. Niteowlneils 21:19, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete under autobiography rule. (Page would be fine as user page.) Gdr 21:45, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)
 * Move to user page and delete redirect. I must admit I was torn on this. I don't like removing perfectly legitimate material based solely on who wrote it, but policy is policy. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 22:03, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * So if I refactor whats already written, then its OK to stay? If keep votes are being ignored, what is the point in voting?  Once again, VfD defies logic.  Delete it already if its in some sort of direct violation of Wikipedia policy.  Otherwise I stand by my vote.  GRider\talk 00:14, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete or move to user page. If he wants it gone, make it gone. Everyking 22:59, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Apology accepted...no harm done...delete until someone else finds you significant enough to write about. Sorry. [[User:GeorgeStepanek|GeorgeStepanek\talk ]] 01:23, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Okay. I'll recreate the page based on verifiable Internet results as soon as it is deleted. --JuntungWu 11:32, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That's a fine idea. Wyss 19:57, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I won't object to that, he does seem to be at least moderately notable. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:27, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)


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Bern Switzerland Temple

The Bern Switzerland Temple (formerly the Swiss Temple) is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), was the church's first temple built in Europe, and the second built outside of North America, after the Laie Hawaii Temple.

History
The 7 acre lot was selected in July 1952 by LDS Church president David O. McKay and Samuel E. Bringhurst, then president of the Swiss-Austrian Mission. The architects were Edward O. Anderson and Wilhelm Zimmer. Groundbreaking and dedication of the lot were performed by McKay on 5 August 1953. He dedicated the temple on 11 September 1955. The temple was known as the "Swiss Temple" until the current naming convention for temples was adopted in the late 1990s.

The Bern Switzerland temple has four ordinance rooms, seven sealing rooms, and a total floor area of 35546 sqft. Its temple district includes stakes in France, Switzerland, and the district in Jerusalem, Israel.

The presentation of the endowment was particularly challenging in this temple, because it was the first international one, requiring many different languages for its attendants. It was solved by using a film, dubbed in all required languages. Gordon B. Hinckley supervised the initial making of this film and was the person responsible for transporting the film to Switzerland. Since then all new temples have been equipped with recordings in lieu of live presentations by temple workers. Today, only the Manti Utah Temple and the Salt Lake Temple use live presentation instead of film (although the church announced in 2021 that these temples will convert to use of film after extensive remodeling).

After the complete renewal of the interior, the temple was rededicated by Hinckley, who was then a member of church's First Presidency, on 23 October 1992. In connection with the fiftieth anniversary of its dedication, a 4 m statue of the angel Moroni was erected on top of the tower on 7 September 2005.

In 2020, like all the church's other temples, the Bern Switzerland Temple was closed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.

The Bern Switzerland temple is featured briefly in the Woodkid music videos for "Iron" and "Run Boy Run". Though the building is located in Münchenbuchsee, its postal address is assigned to the neighboring municipality of Zollikofen.

title: Bern Switzerland Temple


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Talk:The Monty Python Matching Tie and Handkerchief

Linking Problems
I've tried almost a dozen times now, and it seems to be impossible to link to this article. Either Wikipedia or Myspace seem to be changing the uppercase letters to lowercase in the URL, which leads the link to a "not found page". This is a problem, as this page needs to be linked worldwide immediately. What is the problem?

Not my section, but someone else's
It's nice to have an image, but could someone possibly dig up or scan in an image of the proper Gilliam-designed cover rather than the cheap'n'nasty replacement currently pictured? Bonalaw 09:42, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I thought that was the original. There's a small version of the original art on 8-track here if you want to use that.  I haven't found a larger version yet, but I'll keep looking.  --[[User:Brian0918|brian0918 talk]] 12:23, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, if you read here, that cover is the original (well, except that it had a square cut-out instead of an oval shape). The original art was underneath that.  --[[User:Brian0918|brian0918 talk]] 12:26, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Compact disc
Has this album been reissued on CD?

 * Yes. Available at all good record stores. --Bonalaw 17:25, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

I did do some research, only to find that the CD rerelease doesn't conatin the same trick recording the the LP had. "It is particularly noted for the fact that the original release on Charisma Records had two parallel grooves on side two, so that different material would be played depending on where the stylus was put down on the record's surface." Its unfortuante that the Red Book CD standard does not allow for this. Why can't they have CDs with two or more interlaced spiral tracks? Would it cause tracking problems, and/or is it due to Red Book's limited and inflexible metadata? Its surely not "Rocket science" to use digital technology to emulate this.203.214.75.127

 * Actually, yeah, because of how CDs work, you can't do that. Sorry. It's not 'rocket science', you just don't understand how CDplayers work i guess. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.187.60.241 (talk) 20:31, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, a lack of a physical stylus on a CD player prevents anything like that. Crazydiamond1to9 04:59, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually you would be surprised that the physics of CD would NOT realy prevent this. It would be of cause against the law (...this means the specification) and would likely impose difficulties not accounted for in the player. However the laser tracking would also functioning reasonably well when the neigbour groove would be an second spiral groove. Both spirals would contain their own tracks and subcodes. What would not work is the concept of the disc leadin containing a track table. All player need to jump to the first track after reading the leadin. But a jump on this theoretical dual grove disc would be unpredicable wether it's jumping into groove 1 or 2. So even while there can be two leadin versions in both groves it's unlikely that the jump ends up in the same groove, hence the leadin data would be useless. All jumping functions of the player would of cause also likely having all kinds of problems. However a disc risking this would very likely being considered defective by most customers (with my full understanding) and would impose a commercial risk for anybody attempting it in practice. As a simple proove of concept this disc would be a little to expensive to create. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.169.48.4 (talk) 19:54, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Sketches
Should there be descriptions of the sketches on this album (summaries of their plots)? Especially sketches that do not appear on the TV show. George C 16:17, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Existence Of Actual Tie & Handkerchief
In the first paragraph, there is a claim that there was an actual matching tie & handkerchief , given out at menswear shops,as a promotional gimmick. Can anybody verify this? It's never been mentioned in any Python related books. ( Even when other promotional gimmicks have been mentioned. ). Is it possible someone isn't getting the joke? ( The inference being you've bought the fake,cardboard imagery of a tie & handkerchief,but gotten a "free" record with it! ). Not to say it couldn't have existed, but in 38 years of Python collecting , I've neither heard of it nor seen it. An image or reference point would be great. Harvey J Satan (talk) 23:29, 24 January 2013 (UTC)

 * A footnote to my own footnote - recently sighted on E-Bay - was a promotional t-shirt featuring the matching tie & handkerchief ( in their proper proximity when worn.). This shirt, though , also featured the words "Monty Python's Matching Tie & Handkerchief" , and a copyright for Arista Records. Making it , most likely , a U.S. promotional item. Harvey J Satan (talk) 20:25, 13 September 2014 (UTC)


text:
Popery Act

An Act to prevent the further Growth of Popery (2 Anne c. 6 (I); commonly known as the Popery Act or the Gavelkind Act) was an Act of the Parliament of Ireland that was passed in 1704 designed to suppress Roman Catholicism in Ireland ("Popery"). William Edward Hartpole Lecky called it the most notorious of the Irish Penal Laws.

Inheritance in traditional Irish law used gavelkind, whereby an estate was divided equally among a dead man's sons. In contrast, English common law used male primogeniture, with the eldest son receiving the entire estate. The 1704 act enforced gavelkind for Catholics and primogeniture for Protestants.

Enactment
Two separate bills "to prevent the further Growth of Popery" were introduced in the parliamentary session 1703–1704. One originated with the Irish Privy Council and was referred on 4 July 1703 to the Attorney-General for Ireland; the other was introduced as heads of a bill in the Irish House of Commons on 28 September 1703 and sent to the Lord Lieutenant on 19 November. Under Poynings' Law, both bills were transmitted to the English Privy Council for approval. Formally, one bill was vetoed and the other was returned to Dublin with amendments; a lack of surviving documentation makes it impossible to determine which of the two had which fate. The approved bill was engrossed on 20 January, presented in the Commons on 14 February, sent to the Irish House of Lords on 25 February, and given royal assent on 4 March.

Sir Toby Butler, the former Solicitor General for Ireland, a Roman Catholic, made a celebrated speech at the bar of the Commons denouncing the act as being "against the laws of God and man... against the rules of reason and justice". Other eminent Catholic lawyers like Stephen Rice also denounced the measure but to no avail.

Provisions

 * Section 1 defined as praemunire the encouragement or act of apostasy from Protestantism to Catholicism. It also prohibited Catholics under 21 from going abroad without licence, to help enforce the Education Act 1695's prohibition on Catholic education overseas.
 * Section 2 empowered judges to summon children to court to prove they had not gone abroad without licence under section 1.
 * Section 3 empowered the Irish Chancery to take property from a Catholic parent to pay for their Protestant child's education. If the child was an eldest son, up to one-third of the parent's property could be transferred to him, the parent retained only a life interest.
 * Section 4 prohibited Catholics from being legal guardians of Protestant children
 * Section 5 extended the existing prohibition on Protestants marrying Catholics to include marriages abroad.
 * Section 6 prohibited Catholics from buying land or leasing it for more than 31 years.
 * Section 7 gave a Catholic acquiring title to real property six months in which to enter into possession of it, failing which it descended to the nearest Protestant relative.
 * Section 8 was a proviso to section 7, whereby a nearer Catholic relative could pre-empt the Protestant relative by conforming to Protestantism within the six-month window
 * Section 9 was a proviso to section 7, whereby the Protestant wife of a dispossessed Catholic remained entitled to her one-third dower.
 * Section 10 mandated that inheritance from a Catholic would be by gavelkind, that is divided equally between all sons. If the deceased had no sons, the estate was likewise divided between his daughters, or the next closest kin.
 * Section 11 was a proviso to section 10 to allow provision for daughters from the estate before the residue was subdivided among the sons.
 * Section 12 was a proviso to section 10 to allow the eldest son to inherit the whole estate (by primogeniture) if he was a Protestant, or converted within three months of his father's death. Thus, the law had the effect of reducing the size and thus the influence of Roman Catholic landed estates, which was the act's ulterior motive.
 * Section 13 mandated that inheritance from a Protestant would according to common law, that is primogeniture.
 * Section 14 provided that debts of Catholics be registered with the Court of Exchequer, to ensure they were paid out of the estate before the application of gavelkind
 * Section 15 required a putative Protestant to prove their religion by taking specified oaths of supremacy, abjuration and allegiance
 * Section 16 required that, by August 1704, any person with an existing civil or military office must subscribe at quarter sessions to the declarations specified by the English Security of the Succession, etc. Act 1702 which rejected transubstantiation, abjured the Papacy and the Jacobite succession, and gave allegiance to Queen Anne. They must also "receive the sacrament of the Lord's Supper according to the usage of the Church of Ireland". As well as excluding Roman Catholics from office, the "sacramental test" excluded Protestant Dissenters, notably Presbyterians, and many had to step down from municipal corporations and other positions. For example, ten Aldermen and ten Burgesses had to resign from Londonderry Corporation.
 * Section 17 required that, within three months of appointment, any person appointed to a civil or military office must take the same oath and sacrament as in section 16.
 * Section 18 provided that failure to comply with sections 16 or 17 would vacate the office and void acts done by the official, who would be fined £500 and subject to civil penalties.
 * Section 19 provided for rolls of those subscribing to the oaths under section 15 to 17 be kept at the Four Courts. The surviving "convert roll" details are a valuable primary source for historians of 18th-century Ireland.
 * Section 20 empowered the Four Courts to administer the prescribed oaths
 * Section 21 allowed someone disabled under section 18 to be rehabilitated by subsequent conformity.
 * Section 22 allowed Irish people in England to take the equivalent oath and sacrament under the equivalent English laws (the Test Acts) and allowed those abroad elsewhere to do so when next in Ireland or England
 * Section 23 prohibited Catholics from moving to Galway or Limerick, and required those already living there to deposit bonds with the corporations as proof of their loyalty.
 * Section 24 required Catholics voting in elections for the Irish House of Commons to take oaths of allegiance and abjuration
 * Section 25 provided that any advowsons of the Church of Ireland owned by Catholics would vest in the Crown
 * Section 26 declared that "superstitious" gatherings at Saint Patrick's Purgatory or holy wells were punishable as unlawful assembly
 * Section 27 declared that, for an assembly under section 26, the punishment for attending was a fine of 10 shillings, or public whipping in default; the punishment for hawking was a fine of 20 shillings by distraint, or debtor's prison in default
 * Section 28 made an exception to section 23 for "seamen, fishermen, and day labourers" in houses worth under "forty shillings the year". A forty-shilling freehold qualified for the parliamentary franchise in a county borough constituency.

Effect
Charles Ivar McGrath says that while the Popery Act had "evident ... negative effects", specific research is lacking, and that it was intended more to prevent an increase in Catholic landholding than encourage further decrease: the Catholic share of land had already fallen from 60% before the 1641 Rebellion to 22% before the Williamite War to 14% in 1704. The figure of 5% in 1776 given in Arthur Young's Tour in Ireland is probably an underestimate, although in 1778 only 1.5% of rent was paid to Catholics.

Catholic gavelkind cemented a tradition of farm subdivision, which persisted beyond the act's repeal and contributed to the Great Famine of the 1840s.

Lord Redesdale, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, remarked in an 1805 case, based on a disputed inheritance of an estate originally purchased before and after 1704 by a Catholic:

"The purpose of [2 Anne c. 6 (I)] was to disable papists from purchasing lands in future; and to make all lands of which any papist was or should be seised in fee or in tail, of the nature of gavelkind, and, if not sold in his life-time for money, really and bonâ fide paid, to descend accordingly, notwithstanding any other disposition, but subject to debts and provision for daughters: and in case of conformity of the eldest son, the act reduced the father to the condition of tenant for life, and gave the inheritance to the conforming son, subject to provisions for younger children. The second act [8 Anne c. 3 (I)] is of a different kind. It was conceived that the first act was evaded in consequence of those who had a right to avail themselves of it not doing so. The second act, therefore, gives a right to any protestant to avail himself of the former act for his own benefit, and to file a bill for a discovery of all trusts or purchases made by, or on behalf of papists,  contrary to the provisions of the former act, and to take the benefit of the same, as if made to or for such protestant  discoverer. The result was, that although the first act made a purchase by a papist void, the second act made the purchase valid for the benefit of a protestant discoverer; and thus, that which was void as between the parties, was good for the benefit of a third person.

These acts had so embarrassed all the titles in the country, that if no other motive had occurred, it would have been a measure of policy to relax their severity: for no law is sufficient to restrain the desire of possessing landed property, and to evade these restrictive laws, contrivances were used, which perplexed almost every title, and made every protestant insecure in the possession of lands derived through a papist."

In 1866, Chancery Commissioners reported that the Law of Judgments was much more complicated in Ireland than in England, and traced the difference back to the steps introduced in Ireland to enforce the 1704 act and ensure property was not being secretly transferred from Protestants to Catholics.

Amendment and repeal
The act was "explained and amended" by a 1709 act, 8 Anne c. 3 (I), which specified certain time limits left ambiguous by the original act, and closed some loopholes used by Catholics to remain beneficial owners of nominally Protestant property.

A 1719 act, 6 Geo. 1. c. 9 (I) indemnified officials who had not thitherto subscribed to the oath required by the Popery Act. The time period for Dissenters subscribing to the oath was routinely extended, initially by an Indemnity Act at the start of each biennial parliamentary session. Similar acts were passed by the British parliament, and after the union the UK parliament continued the practice.

From the late 18th century Roman Catholic relief bills eased the Penal Laws, by explicit or implicit repeal and replacement. In 1772 Catholics were allowed to lease up to 50 Irish acres of bog-land for up to 61 years by the act 11 & 12 Geo. 3. c. 21 (I). The 1704 oath of allegiance for Catholics was replaced in 1774 by 13 & 14 Geo. 3. c. 35 (I). Gardiner's Act, the Leases for Lives Act 1777 (17 & 18 Geo. 3. c. 49 (I)) (the Irish re-enactment of the British Papists Act 1778 (18 Geo. 3. c. 60)) implicitly repealed many other provisions of the 1704 act. Some were replaced with less onerous restrictions; for example, the maximum lease for Catholic tenants was increased from 31 years to 999 years. The restrictions on inheritance and preference for a convert eldest son were abolished. The sacramental test was repealed for Dissenters in 1780. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1782 (21 & 22 Geo. 3. c. 24 (I)) repealed section 23 of the 1704 act. Another act of 1782, 21 & 22 Geo. 3. c. 62 (I), allowed lay Catholics to be guardians of Protestants. Most restrictions on intermarriage were removed by the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1792 (32 Geo. 3. c. 21 (I)). Many Penal Laws were repealed in general terms by the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1793; the sacramental test for Catholics was effectively replaced by the 1774 oath.

The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4. c. 7) abolished the declaration against transubstantiation specified a new public oath for Catholics, explicitly permitted Catholics to hold Irish civil or military offices other than Lord Lieutenant and Lord Chancellor, with the same oaths as required of non-Catholics (in addition to the new Catholic oath).

The Criminal Law Commission's 1845 report on oaths said sections 1, 3, and 6 of the 1704 act had fallen into disuse and should be repealed. The Religious Disabilities Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. 59), passed in consequence of the committee's report, explicitly repealed provisions of sections 1, 3, and 4 of the 1704 act.

The Popery Act was explicitly repealed as obsolete by the Promissory Oaths Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 48), with the exception of section 25, which was made redundant by the coming into force in 1871 of the Irish Church Act 1869, and was repealed by the Statute Law Revision (Ireland) Act 1878.

title: Popery Act


text:
Tindersticks (1993 album)

Tindersticks is the debut album by the chamber pop band Tindersticks, released in the UK on 11 October 1993 on This Way Up. Following positive reviews for their early singles and live performances, it was released to widespread critical acclaim by the music press, eventually being named album of the year by the UK music magazine Melody Maker.

Release and promotion
The album was released on CD and as a double vinyl album which featured a bonus track, "Fruitless", that was not included on the CD (on the CD's track listing "Fruitless" is crossed out). The album included re-recorded versions of both sides of the band's debut single, "Patchwork" and "Milky Teeth", and their second single "Marbles", which had been released as a 10" single only – both singles were originally released on Tindersticks' own Tippy Toes label.

The band's new label This Way Up released "City Sickness" on 13 September 1993 as the third single ahead of the album, and the group made their first video to accompany the single with director Martin Wallace, marking the beginning of a long association between the band and Wallace. At the time Wallace was working with Pulp, and Jarvis Cocker co-directed the "City Sickness" video along with Wallace. The video features scenes of everyday life shot in and around London's Hyde Park, focussing on keyboard player Dave Boulter pushing a buggy with singer Stuart Staples' baby daughter Sydonie in it.

By the time of the album's release Tindersticks had already picked up critical acclaim in the music press and from BBC Radio 1 DJs John Peel and Mark Radcliffe, who named Tindersticks as his favourite album of the year. The band recorded several sessions for the programmes of both DJs, including the first night of Radcliffe and Marc Riley's new late night Radio 1 show on 25 October 1993 (they also played on the show's final broadcast on 6 February 1997).

In June 2004 Island Records reissued the first four Tindersticks albums as remastered 2-CD sets featuring the original album and a bonus CD. For Tindersticks the bonus CD featured twelve demo versions of tracks recorded during sessions for the album.

As of March 1994 it had sold over 20,000 copies in United Kingdom.

Cover
The first 1,000 copies of the album included a pack of four postcards, featuring the front cover of the album, the portrait of the band on the inner sleeve, and paintings of a boy and a girl (the painting of the girl had already appeared as the cover of "Marbles"). The cover is a reproduction of a painting, "The Red Dress", by popular mid 20th century Spanish artist Francisco Rodriguez Sanchez Clement.

Critical reception
Melody Maker said, "Some might consider releasing a double album as your debut a mite ambitious, but Tindersticks have that much more to offer. This album moves like a camera through a night in the heart of town. Behind the lens, a stranger, a lover and a fighter ... There's sweet romance at this album's core, even though it's tarnished by violence ... Their songs all invoke the uncomfortable claustrophobia of a big city ... So here it is, the main feature. Tindersticks is all I've said and more. And for Tindersticks, this epic movie is only the beginning." NME felt that "Tindersticks may not be perfect, but there's much on these four sides that warrants its alleged indulgence. For while the singles supplied a detailed sketch of the band's musical worth, the album offers the full picture, freshly painted and beautifully framed. Tacky in places for sure, but, on the whole, massively moving and daring ... gut instinct dictates that Tindersticks will be recommended as required listening in the winter months to come. The full impact of this amazing, exasperating, but ultimately fascinating album will yet be felt." Rolling Stone wrote that the album "draws inspiration from the playful narrative style of producer Lee Hazlewood (Duane Eddy, Nancy Sinatra), the Cinemascope orchestrations of John Barry and the twilight-zone claustrophobia of Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds."

AllMusic said of the album, "A thrilling, revelatory debut, Tindersticks is a chamber pop masterpiece of romantic elegance and gutter debauchery. Within the framework of a remarkably consistent and mesmerizingly dank atmosphere, the group covers a stunning amount of ground ... Fascinatingly constructed and strikingly ambitious, Tindersticks is insidiously labyrinthine: the music speaks softly but carries tremendous weight, and its hold grows more and more unbreakable with each listen."

Accolades
Tindersticks was named album of the year by Melody Maker and placed at number 13 on the NME's equivalent list. In the list of NME's singles of the year for 1993, "Marbles" was placed at number 7 and "City Sickness" made number 42, while Melody Maker named "City Sickness" the fourth best single of 1993.

Track listing
All songs written and composed by Tindersticks.

 * 1) "Nectar" – 2:40
 * 2) "Tyed" – 4:11
 * 3) "Pt 1" – 0:41
 * 4) "Whiskey & Water" – 5:51
 * 5) "Blood" – 4:52
 * 6) "City Sickness" – 4:00
 * 7) "Patchwork" – 4:40
 * 8) "Marbles" – 4:30
 * 9) "The Walt Blues" – 1:08
 * 10) "Milky Teeth" – 2:52
 * 11) "Sweet Sweet Man Pt 2" – 1:05
 * 12) "Jism" – 6:03
 * 13) "Piano Song" – 2:40
 * 14) "Tie-Dye" – 4:00
 * 15) "Raindrops" – 6:15
 * 16) "Pt 3" – 1:44
 * 17) "Her" – 3:29
 * 18) "Tea Stain" – 2:07
 * 19) "Drunk Tank" – 4:44
 * 20) "Paco de Renaldo's Dream" – 4:22
 * 21) "The Not Knowing" – 4:58

 * Note: "Fruitless" was included as a bonus track on the vinyl version of the album only, as the album's second track between "Nectar" and "Tyed". The title is shown as struck out on the CD track listing.

2004 remaster
The 2004 remaster contains two discs. The first is a remastered version of the original CD version of the album. The bonus disc contains "Tindersticks Demos" as listed below:
 * 1) "The Sorrow the Joy Brings" – 4:04
 * 2) "Fruitless" – 2:02
 * 3) "Whiskey & Water" – 5:39
 * 4) "For Those ..." – 3:58
 * 5) "Blood" – 4:49
 * 6) "City Sickness" – 4:14
 * 7) "Patchwork" – 4:23
 * 8) "Raindrops" – 5:38
 * 9) "Piano Song" – 4:46
 * 10) "A Sweet Sweet Man" – 4:51
 * 11) "Visiting" – 5:25
 * 12) "Drunk Tank" – 5:41

Personnel

 * Tindersticks
 * Stuart Staples – vocals, guitar
 * David Boulter – keyboards
 * Neil Fraser – guitar
 * Dickon Hinchliffe – violin
 * Mark Colwill – bass guitar
 * Alistair Macaulay – drums, vibraphone

 * Additional personnel
 * Terry Edwards – trumpet, soprano saxophone on "The Not Knowing"
 * Martin Harman – oboe on "The Not Knowing"
 * Rosie Lindsell – bassoon on "The Not Knowing"
 * Ian Bishop – clarinet on "The Not Knowing"

 * Production
 * Producers: Ian Caple, Tindersticks
 * Engineer: Ian Caple
 * Arranger: Tindersticks
 * Sleeve design: Tindersticks

title: Tindersticks (1993 album)


text: Template:WikiProject Comics

title: Template:WikiProject Comics


text:
Dancer with Bruised Knees

Dancer with Bruised Knees is the second album by Kate & Anna McGarrigle, released in 1977. It was produced by Joe Boyd. The album employed several notable folk musicians to contribute a bluegrass feel to many of the tracks. The album also includes three French songs, one by the McGarrigles with Philippe Tatartcheff, and two traditional numbers. The guest musicians included John Cale, Dane Lanken, Bill Monroe, Dave Mattacks and Pat Donaldson. Dancer with Bruised Knees peaked a No. 35 on the UK Albums Chart.

Reception
Robert Christgau said the album is "not as tuneful as some might wish" but is nonetheless "even better than the debut". He particularly complimented the studio techniques. The Globe and Mail determined that "their songwriting is serious business but the informality of their records remains their most charming asset". The New York Times noted that "there is an element of coyness here that is slightly disconcerting... And the songs—Anna's in particular—don't match the great songs on the first album."

Track listing

 * 1) "Dancer with Bruised Knees" (Anna McGarrigle) – 3:46
 * 2) "Southern Boys" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:20
 * 3) "No Biscuit Blues" (William Dumaresq, Galt MacDermot) – 1:43
 * 4) "First Born" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:55
 * 5) "Blanche comme la neige" (Traditional; arranged by Kate & Anna McGarrigle) – 3:44
 * 6) "Perrine était servante" (Traditional; arranged by Kate & Anna McGarrigle) – 3:14
 * 7) "Be My Baby" (Anna McGarrigle) – 3:11
 * 8) "Walking Song" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:33
 * 9) "Naufragée du tendre (Shipwrecked)" (Anna McGarrigle, Philippe Tatartcheff) – 3:46
 * 10) "Hommage à Grungie" (Kate McGarrigle) – 3:54
 * 11) "Kitty Come Home" (Anna McGarrigle) – 4:36
 * 12) "Come a Long Way" (Kate McGarrigle) – 2:17

Personnel

 * Anna McGarrigle - banjo, button accordion on "First Born" and "Come a Long Way", keyboards, vocals (tracks A1, A5-B1, B3, B5, B6)
 * Kate McGarrigle - guitar, piano, button accordion on "Blanche Comme la Neige" and "Perrine Etait Servante", organ on "Kitty Come Home", banjo on "Come a Long way", vocals (tracks A2-A6, B2-B4, B6)
 * John Cale - organ on "Dancer with Bruised Knees"; marimba on "Be My Baby"
 * Richard Davis - bass on "Southern Boys"
 * Grady Tate - drums on "Dancer with Bruised Knees"
 * Sue Evans - percussion on "Be My Baby"
 * George Bohanon - horns on "Naufragee du Tendre (Shipwrecked)"
 * Jane McGarrigle - organ on "Blanche Comme la Neige" and "Perrine Etait Servante"
 * Andrew Cowan - guitar
 * Ron Doleman - violin on "Blanche Comme la Neige" and "Perrine Etait Servante"
 * Pat Donaldson - bass
 * Gordie Fleming - accordion on "Walking Song"
 * Steve Gadd - drums
 * Scot Lang - guitar
 * Dane Lanken - trumpet on "Perrine Etait Servante"
 * Gilles Losier - bass on "Walking Song", violin
 * Dave Mattacks - drums
 * Tommy Morgan - harmonica on "Southern Boys"
 * Ken Pearson - organ on "First Born" and "Be My Baby", electric piano on "Naufragee du Tendre (Shipwrecked)"
 * Warren Smith - congas on "First Born"
 * Chaim Tannenbaum - guitar, harmonica on "The Biscuit Song" and "Hommage a Grungie", mandolin and recorder on "Blanche Comme la Neige", recorder on "Perrine Etait Servante", backing vocals
 * Jay Ungar - violin on "Come a Long Way"
 * Michael Visceglia - bass
 * Peter Weldon - banjo, harmonica on "Blanche Comme la Neige" and "Perrine Etait Servante", vocals

title: Dancer with Bruised Knees


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/EdwinHJ

Renomination
Renominated by Pedant I think it is time to reconsider this user as an admin candidate. I offered to renominate him when the time was right, and I've reviewed his more recent edits. I think his very first edits were high quality, that his writing style is perfectly acceptable, and that he works well with others. I see no evidence of that this user would abuse adminship. I think that number of edits is not a good indicator of quality editing or value to the community. This is volunteer work after all. Since this is a renomination, I'm leaving the original discussion intact below this section. Please be sure to vote in the top section.

Support I support this candidate, and would like to point out that the original nominator has also continued to provide good content. I had opposed Adminship before because this user (the nominator) seemed too new. The candidate has made several tactful edits to religious articles without provoking others, nice to have someone on-board who writes on religion and doesn't stew up storms of controversy. Please join me in supporting EdwinHJ in his second bid for adminship Pedant 22:16, 2005 Mar 11 (UTC)

Oppose

Neutral

Comments

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A.

Original nomination
do not edit the original nomination please

withdrawn (2/12/0) ending 09:45 14 December 2004 (UTC)

Edwin has made many edits and contributed significantly to many Lutheran-related articles. Micahmn 09:46, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Candidate please indicate acceptance of the nomination here
 * I accept the nomination. Thank you! Edwin 09:53, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Per the comments below I wish to withdraw my acceptance of this seemingly premature nomination. Edwin 07:17, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Support
 * 1) Micahmn (''added by User:Ludraman when formatting)
 * 2) I am not an edit counter. CheeseDreams 19:33, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Nominator's username has been registered for awhile. 134.29.241.227 19:54, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but anons are not allowed vote on RfA. J OHN C OLLISON [ Ludraman] 20:04, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Oppose Neutral
 * 1) I am not an edit counter, but you only have 165 edits. Sorry! J OHN C OLLISON  [ Ludraman] 14:05, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) May be next time... --M7it 14:09, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Just 165 edits suggest you have little experience with Wikipedia, maybe next time. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 16:13, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Ditto above. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 16:56, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) CO GDEN  18:14, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) I don't count edits, but this user does not have enough experience, and the nominator is a bit suspicious. ugen64 20:42, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) I'm not sure I trust this either. Maybe later after a few more edits and if nominated by someone a little more trustworthy. Shane King 22:48, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) Right now you have 213 edits. I will support you when you get to 1213 edits. --Lst27  ( t a l k )  23:26, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) In terms of interfaith relations, it's nice to have a Lutheran and a Mennonite getting together, and I have no problem with the few edits I glanced at, but under the circumstances, this nomination is too premature to be seriously considered. --Michael Snow 00:14, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Too few edits. Nominator not trustworthy. utcursch 12:07, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) Nothing personal, just a bit too soon. GeneralPatton 06:22, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Way, way, way too new; come back here in a couple of months and I'll be happy to support. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 15:47, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)
 * Far, far, far too new, and far too desirous. Geogre 18:41, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Very strongly Oppose the editor who nominated this candidate has 9 edits to a 24 word article, including the addition of a copyrighted photograph. I won't waste my time looking further. Come back later when an actual good editor nominates you. (if you meet my standards I'll nominate you myself).  It seems really fishy to me that the only support you have is from an anonymous editor and CheeseDreams.  Adminship should be no big deal, but it's not something given lightly either.  Pedant 20:41, 2004 Dec 10 (UTC)

Comments
 * User has 165 edits. Nominator has 21. J OHN C OLLISON [ Ludraman] 14:05, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I would offer a weak support, since edits go back a while even though there aren't many of them, but the fact that the nominator has only 21 edits, all of them made today, unnerves me greatly. Something is not right with this nomination. - RedWordSmith 19:28, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A.


text:
Pinsly Railroad Company (1938–2023)

Pinsly Railroad Company, based in Westfield, Massachusetts, was a short line railroad holding company. It was one of the oldest such companies in the United States, and has owned railroads continuously since its founding in 1938. Pinsly's sole railroad subsidiary is the Pioneer Valley Railroad in Massachusetts. In August 2023, Macquarie Infrastructure Partners reached an agreement with Pinsly to acquire the railroad through its subsidiary Gulf & Atlantic Railways.

History
Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1899, Samuel M. Pinsly received degrees in engineering and law from Northwestern University before briefly serving in the U.S. Army during World War I. Pinsly founded his shortline operating company in 1938 with the purchase of the Hoosac Tunnel and Wilmington Railroad from his father-in-law, fellow shortline operator H.E. Salzberg. While the line was rebuilt and turned a profit, extensive line relocations due to a new dam forced the railroad to be abandoned in 1971. Pinsly went on to acquire a number of lines throughout New England and the Southeast until his death in 1977. He was succeeded by Marjorie "Maggie" Silver, one of the first women to own a railroad company in the United States.

Pinsly sold their 3 Florida shortlines (Florida Central Railroad, Florida Midland Railroad and Florida Northern Railroad) to 3i RR Holdings GP, LLC and subsidiaries (d.b.a. "Regional Rail, LLC") in November 2019. Pinsly's business development manager stated in 2022 that the company sold off its other subsidiaries to focus exclusively on the Pioneer Valley Railroad. Pinsly additionally owns Railroad Distribution Services, a company which handles distribution and transloading.

Historic list of Pinsly railroads
These are the railroads that were once under the common ownership of Pinsly, listed in order of acquisition.

 * Hoosac Tunnel and Wilmington Railroad - (1938-1971)
 * Saratoga and Schuylerville Railroad - (1945-1956)
 * Sanford and Eastern Railroad - (1949-1961)
 * Suncook Valley Railroad - (October 1952 - December 1952)
 * Claremont and Concord Railroad - (1954-1988)
 * Montpelier and Barre Railroad - (1957-1980)
 * Greenville and Northern Railway - (1957-1997)
 * Frankfort and Cincinnati Railroad - (1961-1985)
 * St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad - (1968-1973)
 * Pioneer Valley Railroad - (1982–present) Formed in 1982 to operate former New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad branch lines acquired from Conrail serving Westfield and Holyoke, Massachusetts.
 * Arkansas Midland Railroad - (1992-2014)
 * Warren and Saline River Railroad - (1992-2014)
 * Prescott and Northwestern Railroad - (2010-2014) Founded in 1992, the Arkansas Midland Railroad was formed to operate a number of disconnected branches, including the Prescott and Northwestern Railroad and the Warren & Saline River Railroad. The Arkansas lines were sold to Genesee & Wyoming Industries in 2014.
 * Florida Central Railroad - (1986-2019)
 * Florida Midland Railroad - (1987-2019)
 * Florida Northern Railroad - (1988-2019)

title: Pinsly Railroad Company (1938–2023)