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Talk:Even in the Quietest Moments...

Untitled
Not in the mood to write an article (even a stub) right now, but should anyone ever write an article about fool's overture, it would be useful to tell that the 'we shall never surrender' speech played during the song is actually a speech from winston churchill. i'd say it signifies the song's title. Cetheriel 02:10, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Is it actually Churchhill or the actor who did radio broadcasts pretending to be him? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.161.184.1 (talk) 20:14, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Allmusic guide
There seems to be a mini-war over the rating from the Allmusic guide. I noticed it because one of the people involved (an anon IP) also changed Pink Floyd's Ummagumma page, which I'm watching. Getting back to EITQM... according to the Allmusic website, the rating is 3.5.

Looking at this article's edit history, I see that there used to be a comment, "DO NOT change to 4.5 again!" The anon IP in question removed the comment, and later changed it to 4.5. Well, that's not right! If you want to dispute it, this talk page is the place to do it, once a message like that has been inserted. I don't see any previous discussion of it on this page.

I also see previous changes have an edit summary that says "change star rating back to its original rating, which it still should be", and "3.5 stars to 4.5..what allmusic.com gave it and it will soon have again..do not change back as authorized by the allmedia guide". (I don't think Allmusic has any authority to make demands on Wikipedia!) That edit summary was made in August 2007, and the predicted change to Allmusic's site has not been made.

I must conclude the changes are being made in good faith, and for that reason I'm not going to change it back yet. I have changed the Ummagumma page, though, as there are no edit summaries on that page's history explaining what's going on. I should also note this anon IP has been making some ratings changes that DO match the website, so this is certainly not a vandalism issue.

What we need, is to have somebody explain why the Allmusic site is wrong, where older information is coming from (a book?), where someone is getting the info stating which of 2 conflicting ratings is the "correct" one, and who is saying it is going to change on the website, when clearly that isn't happening.

If the answer should turn out to be that Allmusic's online database has a lot of errors they know about, and never get around to correcting, then maybe they don't deserve to be used as a source. After all, when we quote them, we are essentially advertising them. If they don't properly support the online community, the online community should not support them.

I could suggest more immediate remedies, but first I need to have someone confirm what's going on. I'll notify the anon editor that I've left this message. --A Knight Who Says Ni (talk) 20:48, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

 * No reply yet, so I've changed it back to the website value AND re-inserted a warning, "DO NOT change rating; see talk page discussion". --A Knight Who Says Ni (talk) 20:47, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I changed the rating on Even in the Quietest Moments back to 4.5 stars because thats what the rating was on allmusic.com. I've been a fan of the website for years and remember that, as well as Crime of the Century were both 4.5 stars, which both now are not. I think that the site is making mistakes, their moving moments in history down in the ratings, allmovie.com is doing the exact same thing which is very irritating, why are they doing this? I want people to know the albums true rating, not its mistaken replace that allmusic.com fails to see. Look on allmovie.com for proof, go to the site and look under the horror section, Scream was 5 stars, now is 4.5, Nightmare on Elm Street and The Thing were 4.5 stars now are both 3, the list goes on, allmusic is doing the same thing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.211.0.227 (talk) 22:32, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you for explaining. The big problem is, there is no way we can verify what these websites rated in the past, and no way to tell why these changes are being made.  One could just as easily say the old rating was the mistake.  Most likely neither is a mistake, and the editors are revising their opinions over time.  You say you want us to know the album's "true" rating, but how can any rating be "true" if it's just an opinion, and their opinions change?  I agree it's a strange situation, and I have to go back to wondering if we should be using their ratings at all, if they fluctuate.

 * In any event, it's wrong to try to hide the current rating by removing the link, as you did. Also, when a warning is inserted saying not to make the change, and to discuss it on the talk page, that doesn't mean to do both at once before concensus has been reached.  And making changes that say the website says what it doesn't, just doesn't make sense.  I suppose we could consider adding a comment below the rating, saying it was 4.5 in the past, but how do we reference this?  I would object to adding that statement since it is unverifiable. --A Knight Who Says Ni (talk) 02:48, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Genre
May I ask since when Supertramp is cathegorized as a progressiv rock band? They have some progrssive elements specially in their first album but I would rather call them a Pop/Rock band. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.209.88.152 (talk) 22:58, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

 * If you think their first album (not to mention Crime of the Century and Brother Where You Bound) only "has some progressive elements", then your definition of progressive rock is clearly very different from everyone else's. Without knowing what your definition is, I can't comment further than that.--Martin IIIa (talk) 03:04, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140512112204/http://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=1977&cat=a to http://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=1977&cat=a
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title: Talk:Even in the Quietest Moments...


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Laos national football team

The Laos national football team (ທິມຊາດ ບານເຕະ ແຫ່ງຊາດ ລາວ; Équipe du Laos de football) is the men's national football team that represents the Lao People's Democratic Republic. It is affiliated with the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF).

History
Laos established their national football association in 1951. The Southrast Asian nation is still waiting to make its entrance into a major international competition. Laos have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, AFC Asian Cup or Asian Games and as an international side, their appearances have been restricted to regional tournaments such as the Southeast Asian Games and the AFF Championship. After years of internal strife, Laos focused on economic and political recovery. With the country achieving political stability, football has made an impact on Laotians.

Since making their appearance at the 1995 Southeast Asian Games, Laos has competed in the inaugural 1996 AFF Championship, drawing against Vietnam 1–1 and winning against Cambodia 1–0. Although they are new to the regional tournaments, Laos has displayed a fiery passion and talent. In 1995, they beat Brunei and Philippines and two years later in the 1997 Southeast Asian Games held in Jakarta, they also beat Malaysia 1–0 and Philippines 4–1. Domestic competitions are also active with over 60 clubs competing at various levels. Domestic football is amateur although most of the top teams are drawn from government ministries and public services. In the qualifying preliminary rounds for the 2004 Asian Cup, Laos beat Bangladesh 2–1. In the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification, Laos qualified for the second round as a lucky loser after Guam and Nepal both withdrew from the competition, but proceeded to lose all its games (against Qatar, Iran and Jordan). They also advanced to the second round of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after defeating Cambodia 8–6 on aggregate. In the second round, they lost to China 13–3 on aggregate. Laos has defeated their much more established counterparts such as Brunei, Cambodia, Philippines, Singapore and Malaysia. Laos' first appearance in a continental tournament was in 2014, when they played at the 2014 AFC Challenge Cup. In 2016, Laos were invited to the inaugural 2016 AFC Solidarity Cup held in Kuching being grouped with Macau, Sri Lanka and Mongolia. In the first match, Laos won Sri Lanka 2–0 before losing to Macau 1–4 but bounced back with another win against Mongolia 3–0 sending the team to the knockout stage. They would go on to face Nepal in the semi-finals and were 2–2 at the end of extra time but lost in the penalty shootout, thus bowing out from the cup.

In 2023, Laos participated in the first round of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification facing against Nepal. On 12 October 2023, Laos contested in a 1–1 draw at the Dasharath Rangasala in Kathmandu but lost 1–0 at home suffering a 2–1 aggregate.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Current squad
The following 23 players were selected for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC first round against Nepal on 12 and 17 October 2023.

Caps and goals as of 27 September 2023, after the match against the Nepal.

Recent call-ups
The following players have also been called up to the Laos squad within the last twelve months.

Records

 * Players in bold are still active with Laos.

AFF Championship
This competition was formerly known as the Tiger Cup

Head-to-head record
Last match updated was against on 17 October 2023

^ Includes the result of and

Honours

 * AFC Solidarity Cup
 * [[File:Med 3.png]] Third place (1): 2016

 * 2023 Prime Minister's Three Nations Cup
 * [[File:Med 2.png]] Runners-up (1): 2023

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Laos national football team


text: User talk:165.134.190.48

title: User talk:165.134.190.48


text:
Alfred Gibson

Alfred Gibson (c. 1851 – 1874) was an Australian explorer who is believed to have died in an 1874 expedition organised by Ernest Giles, which sought to cross the deserts of Western Australia from east to west. Gibson departed from his companions on 22 April 1874 and was never seen again. The Gibson Desert into which he disappeared, was named after him by his fellow explorer.

Giles wrote:

"'Here a short young man accosted me, and asked me if I did not remember him, saying at the same time that he was 'Alf'. I fancied I knew his face, but thought it was at the Peake that I had seen him, but he said 'Oh no, don't you remember Alf with Bagot's sheep at the north-west bend of the Murray? My name's Alf Gibson, and I want to go out with you.' I said, 'Well, can you shoe? Can you ride? Can you starve? Can you go without water? And how would you like to be speared by the blacks outside?' He said he could do everything I had mentioned, and he wasn't afraid of the blacks. He was not a man I would have picked out of a mob, but men were scarce, and as he seemed so anxious to come, and as I wanted somebody, I agreed to take him.'"

Gibson disappeared when he left Ernest Giles with a compass and his horse, going back to fetch some water for himself, the mare and Giles, leaving Giles walking. Gibson is thought to have lost his way, and was considered dead as he did not return.

title: Alfred Gibson


text: Category:1284 deaths

title: Category:1284 deaths


text:
Wuppertal Schwebebahn

The Wuppertaler Schwebebahn (Wuppertal Suspension Railway) is a suspension railway in Wuppertal, Germany. The line was originally called the Einschienige Hängebahn System Eugen Langen (Eugen Langen Monorail Overhead Conveyor System) named for its inventor, Eugen Langen. It is the oldest electric elevated railway with hanging cars in the world and is a unique system in Germany.

Langen first offered the technology to the cities of Berlin, Munich, and Breslau who all turned it down. However, the towns of Barmen, Elberfeld, and Vohwinkel along the banks of the river Wupper were intrigued by the technology’s ability to connect their communities. The elevated tracks and stations were built between 1897 and 1903; the first track opened in 1901. The railway line is credited with growth of the original cities and their eventual merger into Wuppertal. The Schwebebahn is still in use as a local public transport line, moving 25 million passengers annually, per the 2008 annual report. New rail cars were ordered in 2015, called Generation 15, and the first new car went into service in December 2016.

The Schwebebahn runs along a route of 13.3 km, at a height of about 12 m above the river Wupper between Oberbarmen and Sonnborner Straße (10 km) and about 8 m above the valley road between Sonnborner Straße and Vohwinkel (3.3 km). At one point the railway crosses the A46 motorway. The entire trip takes about 30 minutes. The Schwebebahn operates within the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR) and accepts tickets issued by the VRR companies including the Deutschlandticket.

History
The Wuppertaler Schwebebahn had a forerunner: in 1824, Henry Robinson Palmer of Britain presented a railway system which differed from all previous constructions. It was a low single-rail suspension railway on which the carriages were drawn by horses. Friedrich Harkort, a Prussian industrial entrepreneur and politician, loved the idea. He saw big advantages for the transportation of coal to the early industrialised region in and around the Wupper valley. Harkort had his own steel mill in Elberfeld; he built a demonstration segment of the Palmer system and set it up in 1826 on the grounds of what is today the Wuppertal tax office. He tried to attract public attention to his railway plans.

On 9 September 1826, the town councillors of Elberfeld met to discuss the use of a "Palmer's Railway" from the Ruhr region, Hinsbeck, or Langenberg, to the Wupper valley, Elberfeld, connecting Harkort's factories. Friedrich Harkort inspected the projected route with a surveyor and a member of the town council. The plans never went ahead because of protests from the transport branch and owners of mills that were not on the routes.

In 1887 the cities of Elberfeld and Barmen formed a commission for the construction of an elevated railway or Hochbahn. In 1894 they chose the system of the engineer Eugen Langen of Cologne, and in 1896 the order was licensed by the City of Düsseldorf. In 2003, the Rhine Heritage Office (Rheinisches Amt für Denkmalpflege des Landschaftsverbandes Rheinland or LVR) announced the discovery of an original section of the test route of the Schwebebahn.

Construction on the actual Schwebebahn began in 1898, overseen by the government's master builder, Wilhelm Feldmann. On 24 October 1900, Emperor Wilhelm II participated in a monorail trial run.

In 1901 the railway came into operation. It opened in sections: the line from Kluse to Zoo/Stadion opened on 1 March, the line to the western terminus at Vohwinkel opened on 24 May, while the line to the eastern terminus at Oberbarmen did not open until 27 June 1903. Around 19200 t of steel were used to produce the supporting frame and the stations. The construction cost 16 million gold marks. The railway was closed owing to severe damage during World War II, but reopened as early as 1946.

Modernization
The Schwebebahn now carries approximately 80,000 passengers through the city per weekday. Since 1997, the supporting frame has been largely modernized, and many stations have been reconstructed and brought up to date technically. Kluse station, at the theatre in Elberfeld, was destroyed during the Second World War and was reconstructed during the modernization phase. Work was planned to be completed in 2001, but a serious accident took place in 1999 which left five people dead and 47 injured. That, along with delivery problems, delayed completion. By 2004, the cost of the reconstruction work had increased from €380 million to €480 million.

On 15 December 2009, the Schwebebahn suspended its operations due to safety concerns. Several of the older support structures needed to be renewed, a process that was completed on 19 April 2010.

In 2012, the Schwebebahn was closed for significant periods to allow upgrades to the system: from 7 to 21 July and 6 August to 22 October, and on weekends in September (15/16) and November (10/11). The modernization was completed and the line fully reopened on 19 August 2013.

Post-2015 train replacement
On 10 November 2011, Wuppertaler Stadtwerke signed a contract with Vossloh Kiepe to supply a new fleet of Generation 15 or GTW 15 trains to gradually replace the ageing GTW 72 fleet. The 31 new articulated cars were assembled by Vossloh España in Valencia, Spain, featuring a light blue livery and having cushioned seating, air conditioning, information displays, LED lights, improved disabled access, and induction motors with energy recovery during braking. The first new train was commissioned by WSW in 2015 and entered regular passenger service on 18 December 2016, at which point the line's power supply voltage was raised from 600 to 750 V.

The GTW 72 stock was gradually withdrawn from service as the new trains were introduced, the last of which operated immediately prior to the line's shutdown in November 2018. WSW announced it would not scrap any of the GTW 72 stock, but instead offer 21 of the vehicles for sale and three for free, as long as they remained in the city of Wuppertal.

In November 2018 a bus bar detached and fell to the ground but nobody was injured. Following this accident, the Schwebebahn was closed down for nearly nine months. It re-opened on 1 August 2019.

Sister suspension railway
Wuppertal Schwebebahn has a sister suspension railway relationships with Shonan Monorail since 2018. Shonan Monorail is a suspension railway located in Kanagawa, Japan and connects the cities between Kamakura and Fujisawa. Both suspension railways made a campaign of its twinning.

Stations

 * Oberbarmen – eastern terminus
 * Wupperfeld
 * Werther Brücke
 * Alter Markt
 * Adlerbrücke (Opernhaus)
 * Loher Brücke (Junior-Uni)
 * Völklinger Straße
 * Landgericht
 * Kluse
 * Hauptbahnhof (Döppersberg)
 * Ohligsmühle
 * Robert-Daum-Platz
 * Pestalozzistraße
 * Westende
 * Varresbecker Straße
 * Zoo/Stadion
 * Sonnborner Straße
 * Hammerstein
 * Bruch
 * Vohwinkel – western terminus

Technology
The cars are suspended from a single rail built underneath a supporting steel frame. The cars hang on wheels which are driven by multiple electric motors operating at 600 or, fed from a live rail below the running rail.

Until August 2019, the Schwebebahn used block signalling like other light- and heavy-rail systems. Signals with red, green, and yellow lights, present at every station, signalled the driver if the next block, usually continuing until the next station, was free or not. The yellow aspect was mostly used to warn about construction work ahead, while a blinking red light warned about more severe problems.

Today, the Schwebebahn uses the European Train Control System, allowing for shorter distances between trains.

The supporting frame and tracks are made out of 486 pillars and bridgework sections. When the line was originally built, Anton Rieppel, head of MAN-Werk Gustavsburg, designed the structural system, which he patented. At each end of the line is a servicing depot, including a loop of track to allow the trains to be turned around.

The current fleet consists of 31 articulated cars. The cars are 24 metres long and have 4 doors. One carriage can seat 48 with approximately 130 standing passengers. The top speed is 60 km/h and the average speed is 27 km/h.

The Kaiserwagen (Emperor's car), the original train used by Emperor Wilhelm II during a test ride on 24 October 1900, is still operated on scheduled excursion services, special occasions and for charter events.

Incidents

 * 15 January 1917
 * A train rear-ended another train that had stopped unexpectedly in front of it between Oberbarmen and Wupperfeld, causing the trailing car of the stopped train to fall off the track. There were two minor injuries. Subsequently, a safety device was developed to make derailments nearly impossible.

 * 21 July 1950
 * The Althoff Circus organised a publicity stunt by putting a baby elephant on a train at Alter Markt station. As the elephant started to bump around during the ride, she fell out of the car and into the river Wupper. The elephant, two journalists, and one passenger sustained minor injuries. After that jump, the elephant got the name Tuffi, meaning 'waterdive' in Italian. The official of the railway and the circus director were fined after the incident.

 * 11 September 1968
 * A truck crashed into a pillar and caused a section of track to fall. There were no trains in the area at the time. This incident led to the use of concrete barriers around the pillar anchors.

 * 25 March 1997
 * A technical malfunction caused a rear-end collision in Oberbarmen station between a structure train and the Kaiserwagen. There were 14 injuries, but no derailment.

 * 12 April 1999

 * The line's first and only fatal accident occurred close to Robert-Daum-Platz station during maintenance work in the early morning hours of 12 April 1999. Workers had forgotten to remove a metal claw from the track on completion of scheduled night work. The first eastbound train of the day hit the claw at a speed of around 50 km/h, derailed, and fell about 10 m into the river Wupper, killing five passengers and injuring 47, some seriously. The salvage operation took three days and nights to complete. Eight weeks after the incident, the Schwebebahn returned to operation. The cost of the damage was approximately 8 million marks.
 * The judicial inquiry into the incident highlighted that the disaster was not caused by technical defects or mechanical system failure, but by the negligence of workers who had fallen behind in their schedule during the preceding night, and abandoned the work site hastily ten minutes before the train departed from the depot. Contributing to the accident was a lack of control of their activities by site supervisors.
 * The works manager in charge of safety, and the workers dealing with the steel claw, were acquitted of all charges by the District Court of Wuppertal. The site supervision personnel, having neglected their duties of control, were sentenced for involuntary manslaughter in five cases and bodily injury caused by negligence in 47 cases, but given probation under verdict 4 StR 289/01, dated 31 January 2002.
 * Since then, it has become a custom to follow every repair work to the line by a test run at slow speed, even though this is not prescribed by law.

 * 5 August 2008
 * A train collided with a crane truck making deliveries under the track, causing a 10 m tear in the floor of one of the cars. The truck driver was seriously injured, and the train driver and some passengers were treated for shock.

 * 17 October 2013
 * A section of power rail 260 m long fell from the track onto Federal Route 7, damaging several cars parked underneath and forcing closure of the road. The city's fire service had to rescue 76 passengers from a stranded train. No one was injured.

 * November 2018
 * A 350 m long section of the power rail fell to the ground, extensively damaging a parked car. After the replacement of 18,000 support clamps, the line reopened in August 2019.

Literature
The Schwebebahn is alluded to in Theodor Herzl's 1902 utopian novel Altneuland (The Old New Land). For Herzl, the Schwebebahn was the ideal form of urban transport, and he imagined a large monorail built in its style in Haifa.

Film
A sequence in Peter Delpeut's 1992 collage film Lyrical Nitrate, using film from between 1905 and 1915, features the Schwebebahn. Rüdiger Vogler and Yella Rottländer's characters ride the Schwebebahn in Wim Wenders's 1974 movie Alice in the Cities (Alice in den Städten). It also appears in the 1992 Dutch movie The Sunday Child (De Zondagsjongen) by Pieter Verhoeff, in Tom Tykwer's 2000 film The Princess and the Warrior (Der Krieger und die Kaiserin), and as a background to a number of outdoor dance choreographies in another Wim Wenders film – 2011's Pina, where some dances are also set inside the cars.

The Schwebebahn is both subject and title of video work by the Turner Prize-nominated artist Darren Almond. Produced in 1995, Schwebebahn is the first of three videos that constitute his Train Trilogy.

The Museum of Modern Art has a two-minute film from 1902 featuring the Schwebebahn. A colourized and upscaled version of the 1902 film is now available and has been matched with a recent video.

Other fiction
Some of the events in Le Feu de Wotan, a Belgian bande dessinée in the Yoko Tsuno series, take place in the Schwebebahn.

The denouement of the episode of the 1972 ITC TV series The Adventurer called "I'll Get There Sometime" takes place on the railway.

Video games
In 2013 the Schwebebahn Simulator 2013 was launched for Windows, Mac OS X and Wii U. In this simulator, the player controls the GTW 72.

In the "Add-on Wuppertal" DLC of the OMSI 2 bus simulator, there is the option for the player to control the Schwebebahn of the newest model (GTW 15), with all stations faithfully recreated.

title: Wuppertal Schwebebahn


text:
Talk:Lancaster University Mountaineering Club

from VfD:

A climbing club at Lancaster University. What's there is useless, and it's not notable anyway. Katefan0 06:47, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Campus club. Far beneath encyclopedic notability. Geogre 14:45, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Add it to the list of societies on Lancaster University then delete. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 23:51, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge into Lancaster University 132.205.15.43 00:33, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion


text: Category:1289 deaths

title: Category:1289 deaths


text: Category:1141 deaths

title: Category:1141 deaths


text: User talk:64.230.64.171

title: User talk:64.230.64.171


text:
User talk:Squash/Archive 3

User talk:Squash
 * Note: I usually reply on your talk page, but for minor talk I reply on this page. If you don't see a reply here - then check yoy userpage.
 * Archive: Archive 1 02/06/04-08/12/04 Archive 2 08/12/04-12/12/04
 * Archived Messages: Approx. 23 (Excluding replies)

Welcome back

 * Hi Squash. It's good to hear you have returned :) - Mark 08:18, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Just saw an edit by you on my watchlist. Great! utcursch 10:44, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

Cricinfo

 * Hello Squash. I saw you reverted my edits to Cricinfo, without comment. Can I ask what you didn't like about it? Can we maybe come up with a compromise version? Stephen Turner 11:36, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much for reverting it. Stephen Turner 09:33, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

About Babar..
Hi Squash! Welcome back. The reason why I romanize the Khmer word for congee as babar is because that is how it's spelled in Khmer. It's composed of the Khmer letters ba, ba and ro. Though of course it isn't pronounce like that by all. Just like the word for Phnom Penh -- Penh is pronounced as ping by most Khmer speakers, but it's spelled like Peñ in Khmer letters which is romanized as Penh in English. And the same for the word for soup, there are many ways to pronounce that, but the correct way is samlar. --Dara 21:27, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thank you
Thanks for your support on my RFA request. It seems that had I waited one day with self-nominating, it would have succeeded. Jordi·✆ 09:07, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * See your talk page Squash 22:52, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Annoying, isn't it?
Yeah, I saw that. He keeps messing about with the talk page also. I've given him a warning. Good to see you back Squash :-) - Ta bu shi da yu 02:07, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi Squash, I saw your name on RC and i have to ask you a favour. For some imbecile reason, i can edit every page except Liberal Wars, its not protected, its something with cache or the likes. I added a pt. interwiki, but i must have pressed save twice and now the page is blank and I cant fix it! So, can you please revert my last edit on this page? Thanks a lot and happy new year! muriel@pt 22:38, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * No problems, History > Select version > Save :) Squash 22:52, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the message
Hi Stephen! I am not really leaving Wikipedia, but I won't be editing too much for next few months. I hope to be active again someday. It really feels nice to see that people are actually bothered. :) utcursch 07:44, Jan 10, 2005 (UTC)
 * I see. Squash 00:56, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Hi Squash
How are you doing? Just came by to say hi. :) --Dara 09:17, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Image:Phnom Penh French Colonial.jpg
Hey Squash, This is about this image: Image:Phnom_Penh_French_Colonial.jpg In the Cambodia page you posted a pic saying that it was of French-style colonial buildings, well I really don't think they are. Maybe the awnings give it a French look but that's it. They look like they were built more recent, like around the 50s or 60s. The buildings there look so plain compared to other French style buildings. There are no decorative motifs on it that I can spot. Would it be better to post a pic that shows a better example? I think I can find one. --Dara 09:32, Jan 27, 2005 (UTC)

Template talk:Sisterproject
On WP:TFD, you voted for keeping Template:Sisterproject. However, another vote is needed to ensure it is used. Please state your opinion at the above link. — Itai (f&t) 15:05, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)

not a bot
(cur) (last) 02:27, 22 Dec 2004 Squash m (Addded: User:Maveric149 The Wikipedian (not bot) with the highest edit count in 5 figures to the See also list)

That made me smile. :) --mav 01:04, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * No prob. Squash 05:24, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Help...
Hi Squash. I edited the page on Calico by adding information on Calico goldfish. I was just wondering what you think I did was ok. Or should I have made a new page for it?

Cambodia

 * I deleted the box because boxes are ugly and are only justified if they carry genuinely useful information which is not in the article. That one didn't.
 * I deleted the details about torturing and killing because there is nothing particularly remarkable about them. That is how most regimes which torture and kill people do it. What is unusual about the KR is how many people they tortured and killed, relative to the size of the country.
 * Are you Cambodian? I just came back from Cambodia, as you can see from my photos at the KR article. I have lots more and will be writing more on Cambodia as soon as I get time. Adam 05:36, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Stephen, thanks for that. I live in Melbourne as you may have gathered. Where in Cambodia are you from? I went Poipet - Siem Reap - Angkor - Phnom Penh (by boat down Tonle Sap) - Bavet. A great trip. Cambodia is a bit of a shock in terms of poverty, but everyone is extremely friendly and I greatly admired the efforts the country is making to improve its circumstances. Adam 05:45, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

You've never been to Cambodia? That's sad, you really should, it's a beautiful country despite its terrible recent history. They do need to fix the roads though :). I will post some photos for you when I unpack. Adam 05:52, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Genocide doesn't just mean the killing of large numbers of people. It means the extermination of a race or nationality, on grounds of race or nationality. The KR did not set out to exterminate the Khmer nation, since they belonged to it themselves. They were carrying out what they saw as a social revolution, and they killed people because they saw them as class enemies, not because they were Khmers. The term "democide" has been coined for this kind of mass killing, which also took place in Stalin's purges and in China, but I don't like it much. Let's just state the facts, which are bad enough. Adam 10:46, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

That change is fine. I have done a general copyedit and fixed some of your English. Adam 06:33, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The term "Angkar" needs to be introduced, translated and defined before it is used. Adam 08:59, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

You say: "turn Cambodians into "new people" (Khmer: នក់)." I think very few people will have a Khmer font on their computers. This should be spelled out in Roman letters. Adam 21:44, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)

All edits by Ruy Lopez should be reverted on sight. He is a notorious stalinist provocateur. He only makes these stupid edits to start fights. If he persists I will ask for the article to be protected. Adam 03:38, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Internet Explorer
Thanks for supporting it :-) Ta bu shi da yu 04:28, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. Squash 05:11, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
A quick thanks for voting me to adminship. utcursch 08:27, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. Squash 05:11, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Return of the Untagged Image project
You were kind enough to contribute to the Untagged images project; I beg to draw your attention to part 2 of the project - there are about 12,000 more images in need of tagging. Any assistance you could provide would be most welcome. thanks --Tagishsimon (talk)

Timeline of cricket
On 23 December you added "*??/??/?? - Oliver Cromwell banned Cricket. The game was played illegally until 1748, when the Court of Kings Bench decided that it was a legal sport" to the timeline of cricket article. I'm not sure this is true. Do you have a source for it? Kind regards, jguk 08:24, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your reply. It's a shame that your source does not itself quote its sources:( I have just finished ready A Social History of English Cricket by Derek Birley. He covers the history of cricket in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in some detail. If cricket had been made illegal, I would have expected him to mention it, but he didn't. Birley does refer to a case in 1748, where the Court heard a case connected with cricket, but which really concerned gambling. Indeed, Birley goes into some detail discussing how the restrictions on gambling (first a £100 limit, then later a £10 limit) affected cricket. My guess is that your source is mistaken - confusing the law against gambling for more than a specified amount for a ban - though I'd happily be corrected if a better source is available. Kind regards, jguk 21:40, 8 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thank You! from Carbonite
Thank you for supporting my RfA. I very much appreciate your confidence in me. Please let me know if you see something I should (or shouldn't) be doing as an admin. Regards, Patrick. Carbonite | Talk 13:54, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. Squash 05:49, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your support on WP:RFA. – ABCD 03:20, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. Squash 20:26, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Image:Jeff_Weise_5th_grade.jpg
This is my first time tagging a Wikipedia image, so I cant really decide which category my picture best fits. I was thinking either GFDL or the Creative Commons one. The picture is from a yearbook that I own, but the individual photographs may be property of the school or the photography company?--17:23, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Thank you for you support and kind words in my request for adminship. Your trust in me will not be disappointed. Now, I'm off to put these new powers to good use! -- Scott eiπ  02:25, Mar 30, 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. Squash 08:15, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for your support
Thanks for your support for my adminship. -- 04:17, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. Squash 07:50, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Miss ya on IRC
Miss ya on IRC --Just my 2 cents -- Hemanshu 19:51, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Namaskar Hemanshu, I miss you on IRC too... but they don't want me there and made me lose my confidence in being a Wikipedian. So I don't edit as much and never use IRC anymore. Squash 06:03, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Rusel Arnold
Hi there. I was just wondering whether you think the Rusel Arnold (33 Google hits) article, should be moved to Russel Arnold (11K Google hits, including BBC and Cricinfo). I'm not saying it's wrong, I was just concerned when I first went to look for more information that I wasn't getting all that many results. I realize moving pages may seem like a chore, but since the only work which went on was yours and categorization, I was hoping you wouldn't mind.

Where do you stand? Bobo192 | Edits 05:27, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

My adminship: thanks!
Hi Squash. Thanks very much for your vote for my RfA. I promise to be prudent, wise, sagacious and totally unilateral in all my admin affairs. I should say that I am very pleased at the number of people who supported me – it's very nice to know I'm making a positive impact. Cheers again, Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 21:06, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. Squash 00:12, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

AC/DC new album!
See it: http://ultimate-guitar.com/news/interviews/acdcs_new_album_is_gotta_be_perfect.html ! David Penzes (http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Peda)

WikiReader Cricket
I have made a proposal to create a WikiReader for cricket. Perhaps you could comment at User:Smoddy/WikiReader Cricket on my suggested content. Cheers, Smoddy (Rabbit and pork) 16:21, 14 May 2005 (UTC)

Khmer
Hi Squash. I am currently trying to add as many interwiki links to the India page. Would you be kind enough to make a new page for India (a sentence there would be enough), and link it up to India? Thanks, =Nichalp (Talk)= 10:38, May 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the link. =Nichalp (Talk)= 05:25, May 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome. Squash 09:24, 31 May 2005 (UTC)

Squash, the India page is put up for deletion as it has no content. Is it possible that you could add just a line or two there? Thanks again. =Nichalp (Talk)= 11:21, May 31, 2005 (UTC)
 * Sorry, Nichalp. I am _native speaker_ in that, I can talk and understand fluent Khmer (and is my first language or mother tongue); but unfortunately I do not read or write Khmer. Pretty useless for Wikipedia, actually. I have reverted the page as it qualifies as a "sub-stub". Perhaps, when this English to Khmer website works again.. We can see more translations. Squash 23:18, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok no probs, I hope someone can write a sentence there. BTW the website you gave me (I had tried it earlier) did have some font issues, despite loading the font. Thanks  =Nichalp (Talk)= 10:13, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)

Kuytheav
Hey Squash. I think you created the page on Kuytheav eh? Well, I transliterated this word incorrectly, I keep forgeting that the T there is unaspirated, so it's actually supposed to be Kuyteav (without the H). Can you please change the tite of the article to that? Thanks. I'm not really sure how to do it. :)
 * Hmm, I didn't create that page. But anyway, I fixed it :) Squash 09:32, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. Since you've previously nominated yourself I added an '*' immediately before your name in this list. If for any reason you're NOT interested, my apologies and please remove the '*' (you could entirely remove yourself from the list also, if you'd like). I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) 18:45, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

 * Your self-nom was ages ago and I can't think of a reason why you should not be an admin. Would you like me to nominate you (before it goes out of fashion)? -- ALoan (Talk) 18:20, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Missing?
Why has Squash suddenly turned so dormant? Missing the active 'ole Squash. =Nichalp  «Talk»=  18:27, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for thinking about me, Nichalp. I've havn't got the time and effort to edit Wikipedia, as of yet. :( Squash 09:41, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Whatever Became of...
the ideas on User:Squash/Templates? — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ) '' 00:06, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * See yor talk page. Squash 05:25, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Squash
Hey, you from Cambodia? And you speak Khmer? I think I vaguely knew this... That is very cool :-) Thanks for your support on my RFA! - Ta bu shi da yu 1 July 2005 05:10 (UTC)
 * Your very welcome :) Squash 4 July 2005 01:42 (UTC)

Khmer Krom/Vietnam edit war
Hey, I see you speak Khmer and you are interested in articles related to Khmer people, so I thought you might be interested in joining the discussion at the Vietnam article. There is a controversy as to the exact number of Khmer Krom people living in southern Vietnam. I edited the Vietnam article to include figures from Khmer Krom exile organizations (Vietnamese government figures are known to underestimate Khmer Krom people). Unfortunately, as was predictable, there are lots of angry Vietnamese Wikipedians who don't want to accept anything BUT official Vietnamese figures. There are some Vietnamese Wikipedians who just don't even want to accept that there are Khmer Krom people living in Vietnam. I think in cases of controversies like this one, we should present data coming from all sides, and not just government data. So anyway, I am the only one defending Khmer figures against many angry Vietnamese Wikipedians, and I feel a little bit helpless in this edit war. I thought you could come have a look at the discussion page at the Vietnam article, and express your opinion. Pass on this message to other Wikipedians that have an interest in Khmer subjects. Thanks. Hardouin 1 July 2005 23:25 (UTC)
 * I'll have a look... Squash 4 July 2005 01:42 (UTC)

Cambodia Portal
Hey Squash, do you think creating a Cambodia portal is a good idea? --Dara July 6, 2005 22:14 (UTC)

I just placed a request in the Requested Wikiportals section for /Cambodia/. Hope they approve it soon. :) --Dara 02:51, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

Cambodia stubs?
Hi Squash, Do you know if there is a category for stubs for articles related to Cambodia? I can't seem to find any such category. --Dara 06:32, July 29, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Squash! But when I add it the Cambodia stub template to articles it lists them under 'Cricket stubs'. Can you fix that please? Thanks again. --Dara 01:19, July 30, 2005 (UTC)

Func's RfA :)
Thank you for supporting my RfA, Squash! Very much appreciated. :)

Please never hesitate to let me know if you have concerns with any administrative action I may make.

Func( t, c, e, ) 22:42, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Bureaucratship
I'm letting you know that I've just nominated myself for bureaucratship for the second time. If you didn't care to know about this, I apologize for the inconvenience. Andre ( talk ) 02:38, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I appreciate that. Unfortunately, it didn't succeed, but I intend to try again soon. Andre ( talk ) 21:32, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Hi Squash/Stephen:

Thanks for support and your confidence in me in my recent RFB nomination. I'm now WP's newest bureaucrat. :) Notice you've become pretty inactive these days. Hope to see Squash in form once again. Regards, =Nichalp   «Talk»=  20:14, September 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * Your welcome, I'm always busy these days! :-\ Squash 02:40, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Question
Did you know you had Japanese-0 on your user page? --Dpr 07:06, 12 September 2005 (UTC)
 * No? Not according to my memory at least... Squash 21:27, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

Can you help me...
Hi Squash, I want to make a template for Khmer infoboxes (like the Korean one: Template:Koreanname). I already made a test here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dara/khmerinfobox, but I'm not sure how to make it an actual template to use in articles. Can you help me make a template please? Thanks. And btw, didn't Pochentong International Airport change it's name to Phnom Penh International Airport? --Dara 22:18, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Nevermind about the template, I figured it out. ^__^ --Dara 19:14, 1 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay :) Squash 06:22, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Careful tagging
You added Image:Legionordination.jpg as unverified (no source). The image had a source... and claimed fair use although the other didn't use the template. Just be careful about this. No need to delete images we have information on. gren グレン 00:41, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

AFL
G'day mate, just wondering if you'd be interested in joining the WikiProject AFL. I've made the project and been creating stacks of articles solo, and I need to find others that can help me out with expanding everything. I've done a hell of a lot, I just need more participants and then this project will be cooking with oil. Cheers, Rogerthat 11:17, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

JIMBO WALES---CONRAD- 14 YEAR OLD SOCIALIST!!! 23:56, 11 February 2006 (UTC)
Why does everyone love Jimbo Wales. I find this hero worship hard to understand. He has you all under his power, it is all part of a conspiracy. --CONRAD- 14 YEAR OLD SOCIALIST!!! 23:56, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Squash/Archive 3


text:
File:Supertramp - Breakfast in America.jpg

Summary

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


text:
Hankel contour

In mathematics, a Hankel contour is a path in the complex plane which extends from (+∞,δ), around the origin counter clockwise and back to (+∞,−δ), where δ is an arbitrarily small positive number. The contour thus remains arbitrarily close to the real axis but without crossing the real axis except for negative values of x. The Hankel contour can also be represented by a path that has mirror images just above and below the real axis, connected to a circle of radius ε, centered at the origin, where ε is an arbitrarily small number. The two linear portions of the contour are said to be a distance of δ from the real axis. Thus, the total distance between the linear portions of the contour is 2δ. The contour is traversed in the positively-oriented sense, meaning that the circle around the origin is traversed counter-clockwise.

Use of Hankel contours is one of the methods of contour integration. This type of path for contour integrals was first used by Hermann Hankel in his investigations of the Gamma function.

The Hankel contour is used to evaluate integrals such as the Gamma function, the Riemann zeta function, and other Hankel functions (which are Bessel functions of the third kind).

The Hankel contour and the Gamma function
The Hankel contour is helpful in expressing and solving the Gamma function in the complex t-plane. The Gamma function can be defined for any complex value in the plane if we evaluate the integral along the Hankel contour. The Hankel contour is especially useful for expressing the Gamma function for any complex value because the end points of the contour vanish, and thus allows the fundamental property of the Gamma function to be satisfied, which states $$\Gamma(z+1)=z\Gamma(z)$$.

Derivation of the contour integral expression of the Gamma function
Source:

Note that the formal representation of the Gamma function is $$\Gamma(z)=\int_C f(t)t^{z-1} dt$$.

To satisfy the fundamental property of the Gamma function, it follows that

$$z\int_C f(t)t^z dt =[t^{(z-1)}f(t)]-\int_C t^{(z-1)} f'(t)dt$$

after multiplying both sides by z.

Thus, given that the endpoints of the Hankel contour vanish, the left- and right-hand sides reduce to

$$f(t)+f'(t)=0$$.

Using differential equations,

$$f(t)=Ae^{-t}$$

becomes the general solution. While A is constant with respect to t, it holds that A may fluctuate depending on the complex number z. Since A(z) is arbitrary, a complex exponential in z may be absorbed into the definition of A(z). Substituting f(t) into the original integral then gives $$\Gamma(z)=A(z)\int_C e^{-t}(-t)^{z-1}dt$$.

By integrating along the Hankel contour, the contour integral expression of the Gamma function becomes $$\Gamma(z)=\frac{i}{2\sin{\pi z}}\int_C e^{-t}(-t)^{z-1}dt$$.

title: Hankel contour


text:
When Hell Was in Session

When Hell Was in Session is a 1975 memoir by U.S. Navy Rear Admiral Jeremiah Denton, recounting his experiences as an American prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War.

Synopsis
A Navy pilot, Denton's jet was shot down over North Vietnam in July 1965. Denton and his navigator, Bill Tschudy, parachuted down and were soon taken prisoner. Both men spent seven years and seven months in North Vietnam as often-tortured POWs. In May 1966, the North Vietnamese allowed a Japanese TV reporter to interview him, where he blinked out the word "torture" in Morse code, confirming the United States suspicions that prisoners were being mistreated during the Vietnam War.

Film adaption, documentary and updated version
In 1979, the book was made into a television movie starring Hal Holbrook. It was adapted by screenwriter Jake Justiz, also known as Lee Pogostin.

Denton, James Stockdale, Larry Guarino, and James Robinson Risner, distinguished themselves as members of the American POW resistance movement from 1965 to 1973, helping POWs accomplish their sworn goal to "return with honor". Return with Honor was later used as the title of a documentary film released in 2000 about American POWs during the Vietnam War, narrated and produced by actor Tom Hanks. In November 2009, an updated version of the book was released with the following epilogue from Denton: "There was the shock at the difference between 1965 and 1973 in terms of cultural standards, I saw the appearance of X-rated movies, adult magazines, massage parlors, the proliferation of drugs, promiscuity, premarital sex and unwed mothers."

Reception
The Library Journal said that "while the nature of the material is well calculated to hold the reader's interest, the narrative skips and jumps in a disruptive manner". They also noted that "the author at time becomes overbearingly righteous in his presentation, and the overall impression is one of haste".

title: When Hell Was in Session


text:
Purified water

Purified water is water that has been mechanically filtered or processed to remove impurities and make it suitable for use. Distilled water was, formerly, the most common form of purified water, but, in recent years, water is more frequently purified by other processes including capacitive deionization, reverse osmosis, carbon filtering, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, ultraviolet oxidation, or electrodeionization. Combinations of a number of these processes have come into use to produce ultrapure water of such high purity that its trace contaminants are measured in parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt).

Purified water has many uses, largely in the production of medications, in science and engineering laboratories and industries, and is produced in a range of purities. It is also used in the commercial beverage industry as the primary ingredient of any given trademarked bottling formula, in order to maintain product consistency. It can be produced on-site for immediate use or purchased in containers. Purified water in colloquial English can also refer to water that has been treated ("rendered potable") to neutralize, but not necessarily remove contaminants considered harmful to humans or animals.

Parameters of water purity
Purified water is usually produced by the purification of drinking water or ground water. The impurities that may need to be removed are:
 * inorganic ions (typically monitored as electrical conductivity or resistivity or specific tests)
 * organic compounds (typically monitored as TOC or by specific tests)
 * bacteria (monitored by total viable counts or epifluorescence)
 * endotoxins and nucleases (monitored by LAL or specific enzyme tests)
 * particulates (typically controlled by filtration)
 * gases (typically managed by degassing when required)

Distillation
Distilled water is produced by a process of distillation. Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the vapor into a clean container, leaving solid contaminants behind. Distillation produces very pure water. A white or yellowish mineral scale is left in the distillation apparatus, which requires regular cleaning. Distilled water, like all purified water, must be stored in a sterilized container to guarantee the absence of bacteria. For many procedures, more economical alternatives are available, such as deionized water, and are used in place of distilled water.

Double distillation
Double-distilled water (abbreviated "ddH2O", "Bidest. water" or "DDW") is prepared by slow boiling the uncontaminated condensed water vapor from a prior slow boiling. Historically, it was the de facto standard for highly purified laboratory water for biochemistry and used in laboratory trace analysis until combination purification methods of water purification became widespread.

Deionization
Deionized water (DI water, DIW or de-ionized water), often synonymous with demineralized water / DM water, is water that has had almost all of its mineral ions removed, such as cations like sodium, calcium, iron, and copper, and anions such as chloride and sulfate. Deionization is a chemical process that uses specially manufactured ion-exchange resins, which exchange hydrogen and hydroxide ions for dissolved minerals, and then recombine to form water. Because most non-particulate water impurities are dissolved salts, deionization produces highly pure water that is generally similar to distilled water, with the advantage that the process is quicker and does not build up scale.

However, deionization does not significantly remove uncharged organic molecules, viruses, or bacteria, except by incidental trapping in the resin. Specially made strong base anion resins can remove Gram-negative bacteria. Deionization can be done continuously and inexpensively using electrodeionization.

Three types of deionization exist: co-current, counter-current, and mixed bed.

Co-current deionization
Co-current deionization refers to the original downflow process where both input water and regeneration chemicals enter at the top of an ion-exchange column and exit at the bottom. Co-current operating costs are comparatively higher than counter-current deionization because of the additional usage of regenerants. Because regenerant chemicals are dilute when they encounter the bottom or finishing resins in an ion-exchange column, the product quality is lower than a similarly sized counter-flow column.

The process is still used, and can be maximized with the fine-tuning of the flow of regenerants within the ion exchange column.

Counter-current deionization
Counter-current deionization comes in two forms, each requiring engineered internals:
 * 1) Upflow columns where input water enters from the bottom and regenerants enter from the top of the ion exchange column.
 * 2) Upflow regeneration where water enters from the top and regenerants enter from the bottom.

In both cases, separate distribution headers (input water, input regenerant, exit water, and exit regenerant) must be tuned to: the input water quality and flow, the time of operation between regenerations, and the desired product water analysis.

Counter-current deionization is the more attractive method of ion exchange. Chemicals (regenerants) flow in the opposite direction to the service flow. Less time for regeneration is required when compared to cocurrent columns. The quality of the finished product can be as low as .5 parts per million. The main advantage of counter-current deionization is the low operating cost, due to the low usage of regenerants during the regeneration process.

Mixed bed deionization
Mixed bed deionization is a 40/60 mixture of cation and anion resin combined in a single ion-exchange column. With proper pretreatment, product water purified from a single pass through a mixed bed ion exchange column is the purest that can be made. Most commonly, mixed bed demineralizers are used for final water polishing to clean the last few ions within water prior to use. Small mixed bed deionization units have no regeneration capability. Commercial mixed bed deionization units have elaborate internal water and regenerant distribution systems for regeneration. A control system operates pumps and valves for the regenerants of spent anions and cations resins within the ion exchange column. Each is regenerated separately, then remixed during the regeneration process. Because of the high quality of product water achieved, and because of the expense and difficulty of regeneration, mixed bed demineralizers are used only when the highest purity water is required.

Softening
Softening consists in preventing the possible precipitation of poorly soluble minerals from natural water due to changes occurring in the physico-chemical conditions (such as pCO2, pH, and Eh). It is applied when poorly soluble ions present in water might precipitate as insoluble salts (e.g., calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate...), or interact with a chemical process. The water is "softened" by exchanging poorly soluble divalent cations (mainly, and ) with the soluble  cation. Softened water has therefore a higher electrical conductivity than deionized water. Softened water cannot be considered as truly demineralized water, but does no longer contain cations responsible for the hardness of water and causing the formation of limescale, a hard chalky deposit essentially consisting of CaCO3, building up inside kettles, hot water boilers, and pipework.

Demineralization
In the strict sense, the term demineralization should imply removing all dissolved mineral species from water. Thus not only removing dissolved salt as obtained by simple deionization, but also neutral dissolved species such as dissolved iron hydroxides or dissolved silica, two solutes often present in water. In this way, demineralized water has the same electrical conductivity as deionized water, but is purer because it does not contain non-ionized substances, i.e. neutral solutes. However, demineralized water is often used interchangeably with deionized water and can be also confused with softened water, depending on the exact definition used: removing only the cations susceptible to precipitate as insoluble minerals (from there, "demineralization"), or removing all the "mineral species" present in water, and thus not only dissolved ions but also neutral solute species. So, the term demineralized water is vague and deionized water or softened water should often be preferred in its place for more clarity.

Other processes
Other processes are also used to purify water, including reverse osmosis, carbon filtration, microporous filtration, ultrafiltration, ultraviolet oxidation, or electrodialysis. These are used in place of, or in addition to, the processes listed above. Processes rendering water potable but not necessarily closer to being pure H2O / hydroxide + hydronium ions include the use of dilute sodium hypochlorite, ozone, mixed-oxidants (electro-catalyzed H2O + NaCl), and iodine; See discussion regarding potable water treatments under "Health effects" below.

Uses
Purified water is suitable for many applications, including autoclaves, hand-pieces, laboratory testing, laser cutting, and automotive use. Purification removes contaminants that may interfere with processes, or leave residues on evaporation. Although water is generally considered to be a good electrical conductor—for example, domestic electrical systems are considered particularly hazardous to people if they may be in contact with wet surfaces—pure water is a poor conductor. The conductivity of water is measured in Siemens per meter (S/m). Sea-water is typically 5 S/m, drinking water is typically in the range of 5-50 mS/m, while highly purified water can be as low as 5.5 μS/m (0.055 μS/cm), a ratio of about 1,000,000:1,000:1.

Purified water is used in the pharmaceutical industry. Water of this grade is widely used as a raw material, ingredient, and solvent in the processing, formulation, and manufacture of pharmaceutical products, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates, compendial articles, and analytical reagents. The microbiological content of the water is of importance and the water must be regularly monitored and tested to show that it remains within microbiological control.

Purified water is also used in the commercial beverage industry as the primary ingredient of any given trademarked bottling formula, in order to maintain critical consistency of taste, clarity, and color. This guarantees the consumer reliably safe and satisfying drinking. In the process prior to filling and sealing, individual bottles are always rinsed with deionised water to remove any particles that could cause a change in taste.

Deionised and distilled water are used in lead–acid batteries to prevent erosion of the cells, although deionised water is the better choice as more impurities are removed from the water in the creation process.

Laboratory use
Technical standards on water quality have been established by a number of professional organizations, including the American Chemical Society (ACS), ASTM International, the U.S. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) which is now CLSI, and the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). The ASTM, NCCLS, and ISO 3696 or the International Organization for Standardization classify purified water into Grade 1–3 or Types I–IV depending on the level of purity. These organizations have similar, although not identical, parameters for highly purified water.

Note that the European Pharmacopeia uses Highly Purified Water (HPW) as a definition for water meeting the quality of Water For Injection, without however having undergone distillation. In the laboratory context, highly purified water is used to denominate various qualities of water having been "highly" purified.

Regardless of which organization's water quality norm is used, even Type I water may require further purification depending on the specific laboratory application. For example, water that is being used for molecular-biology experiments needs to be DNase or RNase-free, which requires special additional treatment or functional testing. Water for microbiology experiments needs to be completely sterile, which is usually accomplished by autoclaving. Water used to analyze trace metals may require the elimination of trace metals to a standard beyond that of the Type I water norm. * Requires use of 0.2 μm membrane filter

** Prepared by distillation

*** Requires the use of 0.45 μm membrane filter

Criticism
A member of the ASTM D19 (Water) Committee, Erich L. Gibbs, criticized ASTM Standard D1193, by saying "Type I water could be almost anything – water that meets some or all of the limits, part or all of the time, at the same or different points in the production process."

Electrical conductivity
Completely de-gassed ultrapure water has a conductivity of 1.2 × 10−4 S/m, whereas on equilibration to the atmosphere it is 7.5 × 10−5 S/m due to dissolved CO2 in it. The highest grades of ultrapure water should not be stored in glass or plastic containers because these container materials leach (release) contaminants at very low concentrations. Storage vessels made of silica are used for less-demanding applications and vessels of ultrapure tin are used for the highest-purity applications. It is worth noting that, although electrical conductivity only indicates the presence of ions, the majority of common contaminants found naturally in water ionize to some degree. This ionization is a good measure of the efficacy of a filtration system, and more expensive systems incorporate conductivity-based alarms to indicate when filters should be refreshed or replaced. For comparison, seawater has a conductivity of perhaps 5 S/m (53 mS/cm is quoted), while normal un-purified tap water may have conductivity of 5 × 10−3 S/m (50 μS/cm) (to within an order of magnitude), which is still about 2 or 3 orders of magnitude higher than the output from a well-functioning demineralizing or distillation mechanism, so low levels of contamination or declining performance are easily detected.

Industrial uses
Some industrial processes, notably in the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries, need large amounts of very pure water. In these situations, feedwater is first processed into purified water and then further processed to produce ultrapure water.

Another class of ultrapure water used for pharmaceutical industries is called Water-For-Inject (WFI), typically generated by multiple distillation or compressed-vaporation process of DI water or RO-DI water. It has a tighter bacteria requirement as 10 CFU per 100 mL, instead of the 100 CFU per mL per USP.

Other uses
Distilled or deionized water is commonly used to top up the lead–acid batteries used in cars and trucks and for other applications. The presence of foreign ions commonly found in tap water will drastically shorten the lifespan of a lead–acid battery.

Distilled or deionized water is preferable to tap water for use in automotive cooling systems.

Using deionised or distilled water in appliances that evaporate water, such as steam irons and humidifiers, can reduce the build-up of mineral scale, which shortens appliance life. Some appliance manufacturers say that deionised water is no longer necessary.

Purified water is used in freshwater and marine aquariums. Since it does not contain impurities such as copper and chlorine, it helps to keep fish free from diseases and avoids the build-up of algae on aquarium plants due to its lack of phosphate and silicate. Deionized water should be re-mineralized before use in aquaria since it lacks many macro- and micro-nutrients needed by plants and fish.

Water (sometimes mixed with methanol) has been used to extend the performance of aircraft engines. In piston engines, it acts to delay the onset of engine knocking. In turbine engines, it allows more fuel flow for a given turbine temperature limit and increases mass flow. As an example, it was used on early Boeing 707 models. Advanced materials and engineering have since rendered such systems obsolete for new designs; however, spray-cooling of incoming air-charge is still used to a limited extent with off-road turbo-charged engines (road-race track cars).

Deionized water is very often used as an ingredient in many cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. "Aqua" is the standard name for water in the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients standard, which is mandatory on product labels in some countries.

Because of its high relative dielectric constant (~80), deionized water is also used (for short durations, when the resistive losses are acceptable) as a high voltage dielectric in many pulsed power applications, such as the Sandia National Laboratories Z Machine.

Distilled water can be used in PC water-cooling systems and Laser Marking Systems. The lack of impurity in the water means that the system stays clean and prevents a buildup of bacteria and algae. Also, the low conductance reduces the risk of electrical damage in the event of a leak. However, deionized water has been known to cause cracks in brass and copper fittings.

When used as a rinse after washing cars, windows, and similar applications, purified water dries without leaving spots caused by dissolved solutes.

Deionized water is used in water-fog fire-extinguishing systems used in sensitive environments, such as where high-voltage electrical and sensitive electronic equipment is used. The 'sprinkler' nozzles use much finer spray jets than other systems and operate at up 35 MPa (350 bar; 5,000 psi) of pressure. The extremely fine mist produced takes the heat out of fire rapidly, and the fine droplets of water are nonconducting (when deionized) and are less likely to damage sensitive equipment. Deionized water, however, is inherently acidic, and contaminants (such as copper, dust, stainless and carbon steel, and many other common materials) rapidly supply ions, thus re-ionizing the water. It is not generally considered acceptable to spray water on electrical circuits that are powered, and it is generally considered undesirable to use water in electrical contexts.

Distilled or purified water is used in humidors to prevent cigars from collecting bacteria, mold, and contaminants, as well as to prevent residue from forming on the humidifier material.

Window cleaners using water-fed pole systems also use purified water because it enables the windows to dry by themselves leaving no stains or smears. The use of purified water from water-fed poles also prevents the need for using ladders and therefore ensure compliance with Work at Height Legislation in the UK.

Mineral consumption
Distillation removes all minerals from water, and the membrane methods of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration remove most, or virtually all, minerals. This results in demineralized water, which has not been proven to be healthier than drinking water. The World Health Organization investigated the health effects of demineralized water in 1980, and found that demineralized water increased diuresis and the elimination of electrolytes, with decreased serum potassium concentration. Magnesium, calcium and other nutrients in water may help to protect against nutritional deficiency. Recommendations for magnesium have been put at a minimum of 10 mg/L with 20–30 mg/L optimum; for calcium a 20 mg/L minimum and a 40–80 mg/L optimum, and a total water hardness (adding magnesium and calcium) of 2–4 mmol/L. For fluoride, the concentration recommended for dental health is 0.5–1.0 mg/L, with a maximum guideline value of 1.5 mg/L to avoid dental fluorosis.

Municipal water supplies often add or have trace impurities at levels that are regulated to be safe for consumption. Much of these additional impurities, such as volatile organic compounds, fluoride, and an estimated 75,000+ other chemical compounds  are not removed through conventional filtration; however, distillation and reverse osmosis eliminate nearly all of these impurities.

 * Artificial seawater
 * Atmospheric water generator
 * Electrodeionization
 * Heavy water
 * Hydrogen production
 * Milli-Q water
 * Ultrapure water
 * Water for injection
 * Water ionizer
 * Water softening
 * Water purification

title: Purified water


text:
Norman Blake (American musician)

Norman L. Blake (born March 10, 1938) is a traditional American stringed instrument artist and songwriter. He is half of the eponymous Norman & Nancy Blake band with his wife, Nancy Blake.

Early performing
Blake was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and grew up in Sulphur Springs, Alabama. He listened to old-time and country music on the radio by the Carter Family, the Skillet Lickers, Roy Acuff, and the Monroe Brothers (Charlie and Bill Monroe). He learned guitar at age 11 or 12, then mandolin, dobro, and fiddle in his teens. When he was 16, he dropped out of school to play music professionally.

In the 1950s, Blake joined the Dixieland Drifters and performed on radio broadcasts, then joined the Lonesome Travelers. When he was drafted in 1961, he served as an Army radio operator in the Panama Canal Zone. He started a popular band known as the Kobbe Mountaineers. A year later, while he was on leave, he recorded the album Twelve Shades of Bluegrass with the Lonesome Travelers.

Nashville and Johnny Cash
After being discharged from the Army, Blake moved to Nashville and became a studio musician. For ten years, he toured and recorded with country singer Johnny Cash and continued to play with Cash intermittently over the next thirty. He met Nancy Short, a cellist with a classical music background who was playing in a folk group. He was asked by Bob Dylan to play on the country-folk album Nashville Skyline, then became a member of the house band on Johnny Cash's TV show. Kris Kristofferson, one of the guests, hired Blake to tour with him. Blake recorded with folk singer Joan Baez and appeared on her hit song "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down". In 1971, he became a member of the bluegrass group Aero-plain, led by multi-instrumentalist John Hartford with fiddler Vassar Clements, a short-lived project.

Blake also played dobro on the 1972 album Will the Circle Be Unbroken by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band.

In 1972, Blake recorded his first solo album, Home in Sulphur Springs (Rounder, 1972). Soon after his debut, he and Nancy recorded their first album, The Fields of November (Flying Fish, 1974), with Nancy on hillbilly cello. They married in 1975 and performed together for twenty years.

Style
Most of the music that Norman Blake plays could be described as neo-traditionalist Americana folk and roots music (folk, bluegrass, country, blues), and many of the songs he plays are traditional, but he plays this acoustic type of music with a style, speed, and quality that has evolved and progressed in the modern age. Though probably best known for his fluid renditions of classic fiddle tunes transcribed for the guitar ("Fiddler's Dram/Whiskey Before Breakfast"), Blake has also written songs that have become bluegrass and folk standards, such as "Ginseng Sullivan", "Slow Train through Georgia", "Billy Gray", and "Church Street Blues".

Blake has also written and published songs of a political nature, such as "Don’t Be Afraid of the Neo-Cons."

Blake is known for his tastefully simple-sounding style, saying, "I’m more interested in the music and the tone than I am the licks."

Although known as one of the most prominent steel-string guitar flatpickers, Blake is a multi-instrumentalist and vocalist. Other instruments he plays include the mandolin, 6-string banjo, fiddle, dobro, banjo and viola. He is known for his loose, right-hand guitar technique, which arose out of his mandolin technique. Also well known is his devotion to 12-fret guitars, including Martin 00s, 000s, D18s, D28s, and Gibsons, like his 1929 12-fret Nick Lucas special.

Collaborations
Blake has collaborated with Tony Rice on the albums, "Blake and Rice," and "Blake and Rice 2," which include many tunes, including some of Blake's originals. Blake also released an album with Mike Compton called, "Gallop to Georgia," which showcases many Old-Time tunes.

Awards and honors
Blake played on the album Raising Sand by Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, which won five Grammy Awards, and on the soundtrack O Brother, Where Art Thou?, which won a Grammy for Album of the Year.

Norman & Nancy Blake received Grammy nominations in the Best Traditional Folk Recording category for Blind Dog, Just Gimme Somethin' I'm Used To, While Passing Along This Way, and The Hobo's Last Ride. In 1986 Norman Blake was chosen Best Multi-Instrumentalist by the readers of Frets magazine.

Discography

 * Home in Sulphur Springs (Rounder, 1972)
 * The Fields of November (Flying Fish, 1974)
 * Old and New (Flying Fish, 1975)
 * Norman Blake and Red Rector (County, 1976)
 * Whiskey Before Breakfast (Rounder, 1976)
 * Live at McCabe's (Takoma, 1976)
 * Norman Blake/Tut Taylor/Sam Bush/Butch Robins/Vassar Clements/David Holland/Jethro Burns (Flying Fish, 1976)
 * Blackberry Blossom (Flying Fish, 1977)
 * Directions (Takoma, 1978)
 * Rising Fawn String Ensemble (Rounder, 1979)
 * Full Moon on the Farm (Rounder, 1981)
 * Original Underground Music from the Mysterious South (Rounder, 1983)
 * Nashville Blues (Rounder, 1984)
 * Lighthouse on the Shore (Rounder, 1985)
 * Natasha's Waltz (Rounder, 1987)
 * Slow Train Through Georgia (Rounder, 1987)
 * Blake & Rice (Rounder, 1987)
 * Blind Dog (Rounder, 1988)
 * Norman Blake and Tony Rice 2 (Rounder, 1990)
 * Just Gimme Somethin' I'm Used To (Shanachie, 1992)
 * While Passing Along This Way (Shanachie, 1994)
 * The Hobo's Last Ride (Shanachie, 1996)
 * Flat Pickin In the Kitchen (Tut Lee Records, 1997)
 * Chattanooga Sugar Babe (Shanachie, 1998)
 * Be Ready Boys: Appalachia to Abilene (Plectrafone/Western Jubilee, 1999)
 * Far Away, Down on a Georgia Farm (Shanachie, 1999)
 * Flower from the Fields of Alabama (Shanachie, 2001)
 * Meeting on Southern Soil (Red House, 2002)
 * Old Ties (Rounder, 2002)
 * The Morning Glory Ramblers (Plectrafone/Western Jubilee, 2004)
 * Back Home in Sulphur Springs (Dualtone, 2006)
 * Shacktown Road (Plectrafone/Western Jubilee, 2007)
 * Look A-Yonder Comin' (State Archives of Florida, 2008)
 * Rising Fawn Gathering (Plectrafone/Western Jubilee, 2009)
 * Sleepy Eyed Joe (Rounder, 2009)
 * Green Light on the Southern (Plectrafone/Western Jubilee, 2010)
 * Wood, Wire & Words (Plectrafone/Western Jubilee, 2015)
 * Brushwood Songs & Stories (Plectrafone/Western Jubilee, 2017)
 * Day By Day (Plectrafone/Western Jubilee, 2021)

Soundtracks

 * O Brother, Where Art Thou? (Mercury, 2000)
 * Cold Mountain (DMZ/Columbia, 2003)
 * Walk the Line (Wind-up, 2005)
 * Inside Llewyn Davis (Nonesuch, 2013)

Videos

 * Norman Blake's Guitar Techniques No. 1 (Homespun, 1990 VHS, 2003 DVD)
 * Mandolin of Norman Blake (Homespun, 1992 VHS, 2005 DVD)
 * My Dear Old Southern Home (Shanachie, 1994 VHS, 2003 DVD)
 * Legends of Flatpicking Guitar (Vestapol, 1995 VHS, 2001 DVD)
 * The Video Collection 1980–1995 (Vestapol, 1996 VHS, 2004 DVD)
 * Great Guitar Lessons – Bluegrass Flatpicking (Homespun, 2000 VHS, 2006 DVD)
 * Norman Blake's Guitar Techniques No. 2 (Homespun, 2001, 2003 DVD)
 * Norman Blake: The Full Story! - I'm a Blind Dog in Meat Market (Songbirds Foundation interview, 2022)

title: Norman Blake (American musician)


text:
Escape from Reason

Escape From Reason is a philosophical work written by American theologian and Christian apologist Francis A. Schaeffer, London: InterVarsity Press, first published in 1968. It is Book Two in Volume One of The Complete Works of Francis A. Schaeffer A Christian Worldview. Westchester, IL:Crossway Books, 1982. This is the second book of Francis Schaeffer's "Trilogy." It was written and published after The God Who Is There was written but released before that first book.

Overview
Unlike the first (The God Who Is There), and third (He Is There and He Is Not Silent) works in Schaeffer's "Trilogy", Escape from Reason is only loosely divided into seven chapters. Instead, each chapter contains a number of small sections, which offer a much clearer division of the prose. There are 39 such sections in all.

title: Escape from Reason


text:
User:Brockert/Correct date project

The wiki software automatically formats dates if you wikify them and they are of the format "d month" or "month d". If they are "dth month" or "month dnd", they don't get formatted. I'm changing all such anomalies. Offending pages are often written about boats or by Brits.

Correct date project

title: User:Brockert/Correct date project


text:
Federal Assembly (Russia)

The Federal Assembly is the bicameral national legislature of Russia. The upper house is the Federation Council, and the lower house is the State Duma. The assembly was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993, replacing the former Supreme Soviet of Russia. It is located in Moscow.

The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Speaker of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes Acting President of Russia.

The jurisdiction of the Federation Council includes: approval of changes in borders between federal subjects of Russia, approval of the presidential decree on the introduction of a martial law or on the introduction of a state of emergency, deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of Russia outside the territory of Russia, appointment of elections of the President, impeachment of the President, appointment of judges of higher courts of Russia, appointment and dismissal of the Prosecutor General of Russia, appointment and dismissal of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the all Accounts Chamber and others.

The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the Prime Minister (Chairman of the Government), deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Governor of the Central Bank, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounts Chamber, appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, proclamation of amnesty, advancing of charges against the President for his impeachment and others.

Since the 2003 elections, the Federal Assembly has been referred to by analysts and observers as being a rubber stamp institution.

Powers
As the Russian legislature, all laws must be voted in the Federal Assembly before they are signed into law. All bills, even those proposed by the Federation Council, must first be considered by the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. The Federation Council cannot make changes in bills passed by the Duma and can either approve or reject them. If the Federation Council rejects a bill passed by the State Duma, the two chambers must form a conciliation commission to work out a compromise version of the legislation. If two chambers cannot reach a compromise, or the Duma insists on passing the bill as is, the veto of the Federation Council can be overridden, if two thirds of the Duma's constitutional composition vote in favor of the bill.

The State Duma and the Federation Council usually meet separately. Joint sessions are organized when:

 * President of Russia delivers his annual address to the Federal Assembly;
 * For hearing of addresses of the Constitutional Court of Russia;
 * To hear the speeches of leaders of foreign States.

Parliamentary centre
In the mid 2000s it was suggested that the Parliamentary centre of the State Duma and Federation Council be combined into one building. In 2012, the idea was supported by President Dmitry Medvedev. Reasons cited for the construction of a new building included the cramped nature of the parliament members' current offices, the remote locations of these offices split across ten locations in Moscow, and the desire of the government to move the bodies away from the city centre to reduce traffic congestion.

Various areas of Moscow were examined to serve as the new parliamentary center: Kutuzovsky Avenue, Frunzenskaya Embankment, "Moscow City", Tushino airfield, Krasnaya Presnya Street, Moskvoretskaya Embankment, Muzeon Park of Arts and the Sofia Embankment. In September 2014, the Mnyovniki floodplain was selected, a decision which was protested by ecologists.

The design of the new building was to be decided on the basis of an architectural competition. The parliamentarians, however, disagreed on aesthetic decisions between candidates in the competition, which were not resolved when the contest was conducted a second time.

Financing issues caused complications. Originally, the Parliamentary center was to be funded by private investors, who would in turn receive ownership of a building currently belonging to the State Duma and the Federation Council, as well as permits to tear it down and replace the building with their own development projects (such as hotels). An objection to this plan was lodged by architectural critic Grigory Revzin, arguing that the State Duma is located in the building of the Council of Labor and Defense which was designed by Arkady Langman and built in 1935, rendering the existing State Duma building an architectural monument, which would be protected by the state and cannot be demolished.

Work on the parliamentary center was to begin in 2020. However, in 2016 it was postponed to an unknown date due to the economic situation and disagreements on what the center should look like.

title: Federal Assembly (Russia)


text:
Angus Macfadyen

Angus Macfadyen (born 21 September 1963) is a Scottish actor. His roles include Robert the Bruce, both in Braveheart and Robert the Bruce, Komodo in Warriors of Virtue, Vice-Counsel Dupont in Equilibrium, Jeff Denlon in the Saw franchise, Robert Rogers in the AMC historical drama Turn: Washington's Spies, McCreedy in Cameron Crowe's We Bought a Zoo, and biologist James Murray in The Lost City of Z. He has made appearances on several television series such as Californication, Criminal Minds, Chuck and Superman & Lois.

Early life
Macfadyen was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and was brought up in the Philippines, Africa, Singapore and France. His father was a doctor in the World Health Organization. Macfadyen attended the University of Edinburgh and the Central School of Speech and Drama in London.

1990s
Macfadyen's first role was Philip in the film made for television The Lost Language of Cranes (1991). He portrayed a young man who must tell his parents that he is gay. Playing the role of his father was fellow Scottish actor Brian Cox. Macfadyen then acted in five episodes of Soldier Soldier before appearing in the television film 15: The Life and Death of Philip Knight (1993) and also on the television series Takin' Over the Asylum (1994) about a salesman who runs a radio station in a mental institution. That role led to his role as Robert the Bruce in Mel Gibson's film Braveheart (1995). In 1995 he also portrayed Richard Burton in the TV miniseries Liz: The Elizabeth Taylor Story.

After Braveheart won Best Picture at the Academy Awards, Macfadyen acted in the independent film Nevada (1997), before giving the most over-the-top performance of his career in the action/fantasy Warriors of Virtue (1997). He also co-starred alongside Don Cheadle and Ray Liotta when he played Peter Lawford in the HBO film The Rat Pack (1998).

Macfadyen played Orson Welles in Tim Robbins's third directorial film Cradle Will Rock (1999). Although the film received a nomination for the Palme d'Or at Cannes, it was a financial flop. Macfadyen next made the Shakespearan film Titus (1999), alongside Anthony Hopkins, where he played Lucius, eldest son of Titus Andronicus. Directed by Julie Taymor, the film was a critical triumph but with mediocre box office results.

2000s
After the noir film Second Skin (2000), Macfadyen acted in a number of poorly received films. One such film was the action film Styx (2001) which starred Peter Weller. A year later, he acted in the comedy film Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002) alongside a number of famous names: Sandra Bullock, Ellen Burstyn, Maggie Smith and Ashley Judd. That same year, Macfadyen took the role of Vice-Counsel Dupont in Equilibrium (also 2002). The film, also starring Christian Bale, Sean Bean, Taye Diggs and Emily Watson, is set in the future, where a fascist regime forbids all emotions.

Macfadyen acted as Marcus Crassus in a TV mini-series of Spartacus (2004), and the character of Bill in The Pleasure Drivers (2005).

In 2006, he was the lead in the dramatic film The Virgin of Juarez (2006). He then starred in Kevin Connor's mini-series Blackbeard, it co-stars Richard Chamberlain, Jessica Chastain, Mark Umbers, Stacy Keach, David Winters, and Rachel Ward. It's about pirate Blackbeard (Macfadyen), who wreaks havoc on the high-seas looking for Captain Kidd's treasure. His dark presence causes controversy in the local port town of New Providence, especially among Gov. Charles Eden (Chamberlain) and his adopted daughter Charlotte (Chastain), who is being wooed by Lt. Robert Maynard (Umbers).

His next big role was that of Jeff Denlon in Saw III (also 2006). Jeff is a man obsessed with revenge, and he is led into a series of traps that test his ability to forgive. The film was a smash hit for its $10 million budget, earning almost $200 million worldwide. Macfadyen then co-starred in the box office bomb Redline and Saw IV (both 2007), which was also a box office success.

Macfadyen continued making films, starring as the outlaw Will Tunney in his western film Shadowheart (2009). He has appeared on television on the series Killer Wave (2007) and Californication (2008) He has also acted in the mystery film San Saba (2008) and the thriller film Clean Break (aka, Unnatural Causes, 2008).

2010s
Macfadyen has appeared in two thrillers: Pound of Flesh (2010) alongside Malcolm McDowell, which revolves around a corrupt college professor, and the crime thriller Shadows of the White Nights (aka, Assassins Run, 2013) alongside Christian Slater. He starred as Lucas Blackstone in the Christian film Taken by Grace (also 2013). Additionally, Macfadyen was part of the cast of the USA Network's television series Psych, the Cameron Crowe feature film We Bought a Zoo (2011) starring Matt Damon, and the final season of Chuck as villain Nicholas Quinn.

Macfadyen also starred as Robert Rogers in AMC's historical drama series Turn: Washington's Spies (2014–17), and Allan Pinkerton on the first-run syndicated series The Pinkertons (2014–15). Macbeth: Unhinged (2016) is a modernised feature-length film adapted from the Shakespearean play in which he stars and directs. He appeared opposite Charlie Hunnam and Robert Pattinson as biologist James Murray in the 2016 biographical drama The Lost City of Z.

In 2021, Macfadyen was cast as Jor-El in Superman & Lois.

title: Angus Macfadyen


text:
Bill Beeny

Bill Beeny (July 1, 1926 – January 19, 2022) was a Baptist minister and self-declared segregationist who led organizations in St. Louis, Missouri, during the 1960s. More recently he had worked to popularize his theory that the American singer Elvis Presley was still living.

Early years
Beeny, whose father died when he was nine years old, was one of five children. During his late teens and early twenties, he worked as a tavern porter and manager in Eldorado, Illinois, the hometown of the woman he married at age eighteen. Beeny battled recurrent tuberculosis as a young man; during one painful recuperation, as he later explained, he "got disgusted with my life and was converted to the Christian faith." He was ordained by the Southern Baptist Convention in 1947, and during the 1950s he attended Shurtleff College in Alton, Illinois and the American Divinity School in Chicago, Illinois.

Political and ministerial career
Over the course of the 1950s and 1960s, Beeny based himself in St. Louis, where he was active in domestic anti-communist campaigns and led local and national efforts directed against civil-rights and student-movement leaders. In 1961, Beeny picketed Washington University in St. Louis, urging the U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities to investigate his allegations of communist "infiltration" among university faculty – especially those who had signed a nuclear-test-ban petition organized by California chemist and Nobel laureate Linus Pauling. He also participated in national petition drives urging the Committee to investigate the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Black Panthers.

Beeny's political and religious radio broadcasts, which began with one station in Alton, Illinois, were eventually heard on dozens of stations across the country. At the same time, the minister operated an "anti-communist" youth ranch in Wright City, Missouri; the ranch, according to Beeny's claim, drew upwards of 1,500 campers per summer during the early 1960s. Beeny faced constant legal problems over questionable financial practices at his Missouri Youth Ranch and his Denver-area radio station "The Voice of Reason." In 1960, accusations of marital infidelity forced Beeny from his position as pastor of the New Testament Baptist Church, which he had founded in a St. Louis storefront five years earlier. Lawsuits over an allegedly fraudulent bond issue to finance his ranch and broadcasting operations soon followed. After his resignation, Beeny took up the pastorship of the St. Louis Baptist Temple, a position he would hold until 1969.

Beeny organized Missouri rallies in support of the Vietnam War through the 1960s. In 1966, the minister formed the Counter-Revolutionary Organization on Salvation and Service (CROSS), with chapters in Miami, Florida and St. Louis. Working out of Beeny's Baptist church at 4249 Gibson Avenue, CROSS's St. Louis chapter organized several controversial "home-defense" seminars. The meetings were intended to instruct members in fire-arms and survivalist tactics in order to fend off what Beeny called "those so-called civil-rights groups now reported to be stocking weapons" in preparation for a revolutionary uprising.

Running for Missouri Lieutenant-Governor as a Democrat in 1968 – one of his many unsuccessful bids for state and local office – Beeny endorsed the presidential campaign of the then-segregationist Alabama Governor George C. Wallace. Beeny's own campaign platform, as outlined in his newsletter The Herald of Missouri, urged "states' rights," opposed open-housing legislation and busing for school integration, and advocated a "tough-on-crime" policy that would include ordering police to "shoot to kill" in response to civil disorders.

Beeny also recorded gospel music and played it with a father/daughter duo, Ora and Gwen Gaulden of St. Louis, Missouri.

Elvis Presley-related work
The minister relocated to Wright City, Missouri, in 1969 after a fire at his St. Louis church. There, he operated a general store and more recently sought to popularize his theory that the American singer Elvis Presley, who died in 1977, was still living. Beeny was owner of The 50s Cafe, which was packed with 1950s memorabilia focusing mainly on Presley and Marilyn Monroe. Beeny also founded the Elvis is Alive Museum in his Wright City store space in 1992, and, in 2005, he published his book Elvis' DNA Proves He's Alive. Beeny maintained a website dedicated to Presley and to his own museum. Beeny also resumed broadcasts of pre-recorded religious, political and Elvis Presley-related content, this time via the internet.

In October 2007, Bill Beeny placed the entire contents of his museum and his two websites on sale on eBay, as one lot. The sale attracted attention from national news outlets such as The New York Times and National Public Radio. The sale ended November 8, with a winning bid of $8,300 placed by Andy Key of Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Key reopened the museum in Hattiesburg, but in September 2008 Key was called up for National Guard duty and, unable to continue running the museum, he attempted to sell the collection on eBay. Failing to find a buyer, Key put it into storage. Meanwhile, according to the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Beeny turned the museum's former home into a mission center and food bank helping poor and hungry people. In April 2009, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that Beeny's mission center had been burgled, with the perpetrator stealing the computer used to run Beeny's streaming online Christian radio station.

title: Bill Beeny