text:
Talk:Worldwide Underground

EP VP LP
This is 10-track album (12-track in UK & Japan versions), so why call it EP? As far as I know, EP are albums with less than 10 tracks. Netrat_msk (talk) 09:07, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

According to the Wikipedia description of an EP, this album (with a running time of 59:50) is more than twice the maximum length of an EP. It's certainly not too short to qualify as an LP. In any case, I've edited the article so that it now says album rather than EP. I specifically used the term album rather than LP, as album covers both LPs and EPs. So this edit is accurate - even if for some strange reason the record label decided to refer to this release as an EP (something I couldn't find any evidence for). Antoin (talk) 17:40, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

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Île Saint-Paul

Île Saint-Paul (Saint Paul Island) is an island forming part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Terres australes et antarctiques françaises, TAAF) in the Indian Ocean, with an area of 6 km2. The island is located about 90 km south of the larger Île Amsterdam (55 sqkm), 1300 km northeast of the Kerguelen Islands, and 3000 km southeast of Réunion.

It is an important breeding site for seabirds. A scientific research cabin on the island is used for scientific or ecological short campaigns, but there is no permanent population. It is under the authority of a senior administrator on Réunion.

Geography
Île Saint-Paul is a volcanic island with a triangular shape that measures no more than 5 km at its widest point. It is the top of an active volcano; the volcano last erupted in 1793 (from its SW Flank), and is rocky with steep cliffs on the east side. The thin stretch of rock that used to close off the crater collapsed in 1780, admitting the sea through a 100 m channel; the entrance is only a few meters deep, thus allowing only very small ships or boats to enter the crater. The interior basin, 1 km wide and 50 m deep, is surrounded by steep walls up to 270 m high. There are active thermal springs.

The island is antipodal of Cheyenne County, Colorado, one of the few places in the continental United States with a non-oceanic antipode.

Geology
The island is located on the mainly under sea Amsterdam-Saint Paul Plateau which is of volcanic hotspot origin, with the currently active Amsterdam-Saint Paul hotspot believed to be located close to the island. The aphyric (no phenocrysts) basalts found on Saint Paul are distinct from other basalts found to date on the Amsterdam-Saint Paul Plateau, being mildly alkalic, incompatible element-enriched and highly fractionated. The island is no more than 400,000 years old and was formed by magma that was a simple binary mixture between upper mantle and the Amsterdam-Saint Paul hotspot plume.

Early sightings
Île Saint-Paul was first discovered in 1559 by the Portuguese. The island was mapped, described in detail and recorded in paintings by members of the crew of the Nau São Paulo, among them the Father Manuel Álvares and the chemist Henrique Dias. Álvares and Dias correctly calculated the latitude as 38° South. The ship was commanded by Rui Melo da Câmara and was part of the Portuguese India Armada commanded by Jorge de Sousa. The São Paulo, which also carried women and had sailed from Europe and stopped in Brazil, would be the subject of a dramatic and moving story of survival after it sank south of Sumatra.

The next confirmed sighting was made by Dutchman Harwick Claesz de Hillegom on 19 April 1618. There were further sightings of the island through the 17th century. One of the first detailed descriptions of it, and possibly the first landing, was made in December 1696 by Willem de Vlamingh.

19th century
In sailing-ship days captains would occasionally use the island as a check on their navigation before heading north. Saint-Paul was occasionally visited by explorers, fishermen, and sealers in the 18th and 19th centuries, among which was the American sealer General Gates, which called at the island in April 1819. George William Robinson, an American sealer, was left on the island to hunt seals, and stayed there for 23 months until the General Gates returned for him in March 1821. Robinson subsequently returned to Saint-Paul in 1826 to gather sealskin, sailing from Hobart aboard his own vessel, the schooner Hunter.

The sealing period lasted from 1789 to 1876. Sealing visits are recorded by 60 vessels, four of which ended in shipwreck. Sealing era relics include the ruins of huts and inscriptions.

France's claim to the island dates from 1843, when a Capitain Mieroslawski re-discovered the island with a group of fishermen from Réunion; interested in setting up a fishery on Saint-Paul, Mieroslawski pressed the Governor of Réunion to take possession of both Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Island. This was performed by means of an official decree dated 8 June 1843, and on 1 July, Martin Dupeyrat, commanding the ship L'Olympe, landed on Amsterdam Island and then on Saint-Paul on 3 July, and hoisted the tricolor. Surviving evidence of this claim is an inscribed rock situated on the edge of Saint-Paul's crater lake, inscribed "Pellefournier Emile Mazarin de Noyarez, Grenoble, Canton de Sassenage, Département de l'Isère, 1844". The decree giving the islands St Paul and Amsterdam in possession of Mieroslawski is located in Archives Maritimes in Paris. All fishery operations were, however, abandoned in 1853, when the French government renounced its possession of the two islands.

The first good map of the island was not drawn up until 1857, when the Austrian frigate Novara landed a team which studied the flora, fauna, and geology from November to December.

On the 2nd of January 1865, the Confederate warship, the CSS Shenandoah, stopped briefly at Saint-Paul on its way to Australia. The ship had difficulty passing through the thick kelp field growing in the island's sheltered interior harbor. Several sailors explored the island and returned with a penguin, some eggs, and a chicken. They also surprised two French fishermen who informed the Confederates that they were used to seeing no one for six to eight months of the year.

In 1871, a British troop transport, HMS Megaera, was wrecked on the island. Most of the 400 persons on board had to remain upwards of three months before being taken off. A short, impressionistic account of the two French residents encountered by the shipwrecked crew appears in Judith Schalansky's Atlas of Remote Islands (2010).

In September 1874, a French astronomical mission conveyed by the sailing ship La Dive spent just over three months on Saint-Paul to observe the transit of Venus; geologist Charles Vélain took the opportunity to make a significant geological survey of the island.

In 1889, Charles Lightoller, who was later to become famous as the Second Officer of the RMS Titanic, whose sinking he survived, was shipwrecked here for eighty eight days when the sailing barque Holt Hill ran aground. He describes the shipwreck and the island in his autobiography, Titanic and Other Ships. Lightoller speculated that pirates used the island and their treasure could be buried in its caves.

In 1892, the crew of the French sloop Bourdonnais, followed by the ship L'Eure in 1893, again took possession of Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Island in the name of the French government.

20th century
In 1928, the Compagnie Générale des Îles Kerguelen recruited René Bossière and several Bretons and Madagascans to establish a spiny lobster cannery on Saint-Paul, "La Langouste Française". In March 1930, at the end of the second season, most of the employees left, but seven of them stayed on the island to guard the installations, supposedly for just a few months. The promised relief arrived much too late. When the ship finally came, in December 1930, five people had died, mostly from lack of food and scurvy: Paule Brunou (a child born on the island who died two months after her birth), Emmanuel Puloc'h, François Ramamonzi, Victor Brunou, and Pierre Quillivic. Only three survivors were rescued. This event has since come to be known as Les Oubliés de Saint-Paul ("the forgotten ones of Saint Paul").

A few years later in 1938, the crew of a French fishing boat was stranded on the island. Distress calls sent by the crew over short-wave radio were fortuitously received 11,000 miles away in the United States. The message was relayed to the Navy and the French consul in San Francisco, while 12-year-old Neil Taylor, an amateur radio operator in California, made contact with the stranded crew and assured them that help was on the way.

Environment
The island has a cool oceanic climate and the slopes of the volcano are covered in grass. It is a breeding site for subantarctic fur seals, southern elephant seals and rockhopper penguins. It was also the breeding site for an endemic flightless duck & several kinds of petrel before the introduction of exotic predators and herbivores, including black rats, house mice, European rabbits, pigs and goats during the 19th century or earlier. The pigs and goats have since disappeared or been eradicated. Black rats were eradicated in January 1997 following an aerial drop of 13.5 tonnes of brodifacoum anticoagulant poison baits over the island.

Important Bird Area
The island, with the adjacent islet of Quille Rock, has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports several breeding seabirds. The island's subtropical location gives it an avifauna distinct from that of subantarctic islands and contains several breeding species which are rare in the region. Saint Paul's seabirds nested mainly on Quille Rock until rat eradication allowed some species, notably MacGillivray's prions and great-winged petrels, to recolonise the main island. Other species include a colony of some 9000 pairs of northern rockhopper penguins, about 20 pairs of sooty albatrosses, a few pairs of Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses, and small numbers of Australasian gannets, fairy prions, little and flesh-footed shearwaters, Wilson's storm petrels and sooty terns. The island might once have had a species of duck as a painting from 1793 shows one. However, it is not clear if this is conspecific with the Amsterdam wigeon (Mareca marecula) or a separate taxon. No specimens have been found though, so the existence of this cannot be proven.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Île Saint-Paul


text:
Talk:Young Chang

Joe, you are wrong. Bergmann pianos are and always have been made in the Chinese factory owned by Young Chang. They were never made in the same factory as the Pramberger models. Better check your facts.

Someone who really knows...

_______________________________________________________________________________ Only 2000 pianos in 40 years? Are you sure? (Might be right, just sounds low to me)

Also, watch the POV.

--WayneMokane 01:40, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Young Chang isn't a world class piano manufacturer. Far from, actually.

 * rebuttal***** from some one who really knows........

'''from joebrd, As a piano rebuilder,importer and distributor of 2 other brands and past member of board of advisors for the Orion piano blue book, It is my opinion as a piano professional and performer, that Young Chang is truly a world class piano to the extent that in certain catagories it exceeds the qualities of Yamaha or Kawai, especially Samick,pearl river,kohler, or most production pianos. Steinway just didn't draw a name out of the hat when it commissioned Young Chang to build it's Essex piano line they bet their reputation and good name on the quality of Young Chang and it's ability to build an inexpensive, world class production piano for them.With the technology placed in their hands by Joe Pramberger, former vice president of Steinway and his amazing Pramberger designs, which are still only owned by Young Chang, there isn't another production piano maker with the ability to bring to market a piano this similar to Steinway at bargain prices.(Samick only owns Pramberger's brand name) The Bergmann brand by Young Chang is built in the same factory and has basically the same specs. as Essex which is Steinway's piano for the masses. Buy the Bergmann, it's priced better!''' joe marras sr. (all brand names are the property of their respective owners. these are my own opinions based on 30 plus years in the music field)IF ANYONE WOULD LIKE TO EDIT THIS PLEASE USE A REBUTTAL SO OTHERS CAN SEE WHAT I SAID AND WHAT YOU SAID.THEN THEY CAN CHOOSE A SIDE

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title: Talk:Young Chang


text:
Blind man's bluff (poker)

Blind man's bluff (also called Indian poker, squaw poker, Oklahoma forehead, Good For You and Indian head) is a version of poker that is unconventional in that each person sees the cards of all players except their own.

In the standard version, the person with the highest card wins. Each player is dealt one card that they display to all other players (traditionally stuck to the forehead facing outwards, supposedly like an Indian feather). This is followed by a round of betting. Players attempt to guess if they have the highest card based on the distribution of visible cards and how other players are betting.

Other versions (forehead stud) are variations on stud poker, in which one or more of the hole cards is hidden from its owner, but shown to all other players, as above. During its coverage of the 2004 World Series of Poker, ESPN showed a blind man's bluff version of Texas hold 'em. Blind man's bluff is commonly referred to as 'Oklahoma forehead' throughout the central United States.

The first Blind Man's Bluff World Championship took place at the Paddy Power Poker Irish Winter Festival in October 2010.

title: Blind man's bluff (poker)


text:
Talk:The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap

Release Date
This is pretty good, and I especially like how it is explained in the context of other Zelda games. One thing, though--is the North American release date in 2004 or 2005? Under the picture says 2004, but the bottom says 2005, so I'm assuming only one is correct.

Arisna 23:32, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The North American release date was earlier this month. --Evice 18:32, Jan 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * Late to the party here, but the European edition was released in 2004 and the American one 2005- for once, the European release was earlier, and consequently the European version includes the so-called glitch that the game suggests you can help all of the three fairies, whereas by the American release, it's made clearer that you can't. --82.32.72.91 (talk) 16:32, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Why is The Minish Cap considered a Side-Story when the Oracle games, also developed by Capcom, are not? - zeppelincheetah
 * Because the Oracle games involve Ganon, Link and Princess Zelda. And let me remind you that both the Oracles and The Minish Cap are developed by Flagship, not Capcom. - A Link to the Past (talk) 18:46, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Game
This is a 32-bit Zelda game. --ZachKudrna18@yahoo.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zachkudrna18@yahoo.com (talk • contribs)

Why is Majora's mask a main game and this a sub-game?
Is it because this game has Vaati?
 * Odd since Vaati's been in much more games than Majora. I don't think it makes sense.Mavrickindigo (talk) 22:06, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Vaati wasn't in Majora's Mask. He didn't appear until Four Swords (which was little more than a remake of A Link To The Past).  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.46.117.40 (talk) 02:36, 1 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Because it's a handheld game. Although I don't know if I would say that Majora's Mask is a 'core'/main game.  Even though it's a direct sequel to Ocarina of Time, just like Phantom Hourglass is to The Wind Waker, 'The Legend' regarding the Triforce isn't there in either of them and for me, that's what makes it non 'core'/main. groovygower (talk) 20:35, 30 December 2012 (UTC)

Guide-like content
If there aren't objections, I'd like to delete the Items, Skills, Crests, and Bosses sections. This kind of game FAQ content is not appropriate for Wikipedia. Sraan 00:37, 2 October 2006 (UTC)
 * No objections from me. Wikipedia is not an instruction manual. You could move it to a gaming wiki, though. -- ReyBrujo 01:03, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

Ezlo
I think that maybe ezlo should have his own page. He isnt an xtremely important character in the series, but he does seem to be a popular one.Widkid85 23:18, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * There's nothing else to say though - is there? UltimateNagash 15:51, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Why not make a Four Sword-saga character page? Ezlo can have a bigger article on such a page. Because, no matter what we think about Ezlo's popularity/importance, there's just not a lot of info on the little dude, so not enough for his own page. Unlike little miss tp, Ezlo got a proper role as a sidekick and therefore, there's just not a lot of info about him. DreamingLady 10:30, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Just like Midna, Ezlo definitely deserves his own page. Go ahead and create it. There is/should be more then enough to tell about him. JackSparrow Ninja 10:37, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Midna didn't really deserve it, but I guess that's a matter of opinion. I'd actually prefer to see the Midna page turned into a Link's sidekick page. Anyway, I'm not against an Ezlo page, especially considering there's pretty much nothing about him right now.DreamingLady 07:24, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

GA pass
Mostly a good article, and no point going on hold. A few things that can make it even better. Cheers, Dihydrogen Monoxide (H2O) 08:07, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure you need 4 images - remove one, or better explain them. Especially the first one needs a more detailed caption.
 * The plot section is slightly crufty and long - I think you should merge it with the gameplay section, or at least shorten it to really relevant info. Some more real world refs (not Ezlo quotes) would be good in it too.
 * The gameplay section should come before the plot, IMO.
 * Rating(s) in the infobox need sources.
 * Reviews and awards table is a bit too wide - can this be fixed?

Automated peer review
The following suggestions were generated by a semi-automatic javascript program, and might not be applicable for the article in question. You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. Thanks, Dihydrogen Monoxide (H2O) 08:07, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Please expand the lead to conform with guidelines at Lead. The article should have an appropriate number of paragraphs as is shown on WP:LEAD, and should adequately summarize the article.[?]
 * The script has spotted the following contractions: didn't, isn't, aren't, if these are outside of quotations, they should be expanded.
 * As done in WP:FOOTNOTE, footnotes usually are located right after a punctuation mark (as recommended by the CMS, but not mandatory), such that there is no space in between. For example, the sun is larger than the moon [2]. is usually written as the sun is larger than the moon.[2][?]
 * Please ensure that the article has gone through a thorough copyediting so that it exemplifies some of Wikipedia's best work. See also User:Tony1/How to satisfy Criterion 1a.[?]

Suggestion
It would be useful to use VG Reviews to give the game's scores and ohter stuff. What do you think? OboeCrack (talk) 22:15, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Yeah, of course. The current table is just a remnant of an older system. Ashnard  Talk  Contribs  09:41, 29 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and did that today. Takinzinnia (talk • contribs) 03:52, 10 May 2012 (UTC)

Ref #33
Link its broken, please check, thanks! OboeCrack (talk) 21:34, 30 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Does this link adequately cover the content? Hermione1980 23:08, 30 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Yeah, of course. thanks! now fixed! OboeCrack (talk) 12:04, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Facts needed
Here it's the paragraph in question:

"Aside from these Zelda Limited Edition Paks available in store, Nintendo created the Limited Edition Collector's Box, which contained The Minish Cap, the golden Triforce SP, a long-sleeved shirt and a hat. Only 300 boxes were made worldwide and each one is certificated. These Collector's Boxes were not for sale in stores anywhere, but could only be won or bought in the Nintendo Stars Catalogue for 15,000 stars. Also, one of these is in the Nintendo World Store signed by Shigeru Miyamoto himself. As a launch promotion, Nintendo Europe also produced seven 24-carat gold plated Game Boy Advance SP consoles, with six given away to people who found a golden ticket inside their Triforce SP package, and a seventh as a magazine promotion. "

OboeCrack (talk) 22:27, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Also, when it says "and a seventh as a magazine promotion", which magazine is? OboeCrack (talk) 22:39, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid I just don't have enough time at the moment to rectify this, given my heavy exam schedule. If I can find enough time, I will look for some reliable sources to verify this info. If decent sources cannot be found to confirm these claims, then it would probably be best to remove the information. Cheers. Ashnard  Talk  Contribs  11:56, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Mind you, try to be more selective with your use of citation tags. Obvious claims like the year of release don't require factual verification. Ashnard  Talk  Contribs  11:59, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

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Legacy Section
Would it add value to the article to talk about the legacy of the game, mentioning the decompilation project and such? Traditionallimb (talk) 18:34, 11 January 2024 (UTC)


text:
Augustin Bizimana

Augustin Bizimana (1954 – August 2000, Byumba Province, Pointe-Noire) was a Rwandan politician who was wanted for his alleged role in the Rwandan genocide.

Born in Gituza commune, Byumba Province, Rwanda, of Hutu ethnicity, Bizimana held the position of Minister of Defence in the government of Juvénal Habyarimana formed on 18 July 1993.

After Habyarimana's assassination, Bizimana became the Minister of Defence in the interim government until mid-July 1994. Among his powers were control over the possession of weapons by the civilian population, and control over the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR), the government's army.

Bizimana was charged with 13 counts of genocide, complicity in genocide, extermination, murder, rape, torture, other inhumane acts, persecution, cruel treatment and outrages upon personal dignity in connection with the Rwandan genocide. Among other crimes, he was alleged to be responsible for the murders of Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana, 10 Belgian United Nations peacekeepers, and Tutsi civilians. Bizimana was believed to be a fugitive until May 2020, when DNA tests showed that human remains from a grave site in Pointe-Noire in the Republic of the Congo belonged to Bizimana. He was believed to have died in Pointe-Noire in August 2000.

The Bizimana death constitutes a "great disappointment" for the survivors of the genocide, reacted Alain Gauthier, head of an association of victims of genocides in France.

title: Augustin Bizimana


text:
Talk:Henry Willink

Untitled
The British government asked a Sir Henry Willink QC to chair a Commission to recommend the best strategies for the development of the Nigerian Delta region. When the Commission turned in its report in 1958, it specifically recommended that the Niger Delta region deserved special developmental attention, leading to the establishment of a Niger Delta Development Board in 1960.

A Henry Willink also chaired Royal Commission on Policing in 1960, which recommended a considerable pay rise for beat bobbies.

I am not clear whether this was the same Willink - was he a barrister? Mtiedemann 01:39, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:23, 30 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Henry Wilink MP.jpg

revert vandalism
Unregistered user has reverted to an uncited, stubbed, multiple issue page. Stainless Steel Stalinism (talk) 13:37, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Political Party
There's no reference to the individual being a member of the Conservative Party on the page. He is only referred to as an Independent MP. Therefore I am changing his Political Party from Conservative to Independent. 92.25.199.14 (talk) 16:41, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * The lead says he was a Conservative until 1943. DuncanHill (talk) 17:39, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * On closer inspection, the independent thing was a recent unsourced addition by an anon editor. I can find nothing to support it, and so have removed it. DuncanHill (talk) 17:47, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * There are a lot of references to him being an independent on the page itself. Either they should all be removed, or the party should be updated to Conservative/Independent. Additionally the source for him being a Conservative lists him as being the Conservative Health Minister in 1943, however in 1943 there was a coalition government, not a Conservative government. Currently there is no source for him being elected as a Conservative MP, or being a member of the Conservative Party. Therefore I have set his party as Independent, however if a source can be found showing he was elected as a Conservative MP or was a member of the party this should be updated. 92.25.199.14 (talk) 20:51, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
 * There are no references to him being an independent. In the wartime coalition MPs and ministers retained their party memberships and affiliations. Please stop. DuncanHill (talk) 20:58, 30 September 2019 (UTC)

Motto
It is hard to believe his motto was "Fides et Amo". Surely "Amor"? Seadowns (talk) 12:06, 20 December 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henry Willink


text: Talk:Atomic (Lit album)

title: Talk:Atomic (Lit album)


text: Template:Progressivism sidebar

title: Template:Progressivism sidebar


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New Zealand Parliament Buildings

New Zealand Parliament Buildings (Ngā whare Paremata ) house the New Zealand Parliament and are on a 45,000 square metre site at the northern end of Lambton Quay, Wellington. From north to south, they are the Parliamentary Library building (1899); the Edwardian neoclassical-style Parliament House (1922); the executive wing, called "The Beehive" (1977); and Bowen House (in use since 1991). Whilst most of the individual buildings are outstanding for different reasons, the overall setting that has been achieved "has little aesthetic or architectural coherence".

Parliament House
The main building of the complex is Parliament House, containing the debating chamber, speaker's office, visitors' centre, and committee rooms.

Predecessor building burned down

The first Parliament was housed in the wooden two storey Provincial Council Building (1870s addition by William Clayton). It was replaced by the 1880s three-storey Gothic Revival building by Thomas Turnbull) and containing many indigenous timbers but was destroyed by fire in 1907 along with all other parliament buildings except the library. The library had an iron fire-door that saved its collections. Following the destruction of the building the Parliament occupied the adjacent Government House (where the Beehive now sits) for ten years.

Replacement building
A competition to find a replacement design was announced by Prime Minister Joseph Ward in February 1911 and 33 designs were entered. The winning design, by Government Architect John Campbell, was selected by Colonel Vernon, former Government Architect for New South Wales. As another of Campbell's entries won fourth place, the actual design is a combination of both entries. The design was divided into two stages. The first half, a Neoclassical building, contained both chambers and the second half Bellamy's (the parliamentary dining facility) and a new Gothic Revival library to replace the existing one.

Despite cost concerns, Prime Minister William Massey let construction of the first stage begin in 1914, but without much of the roof ornamentation or the roof domes. The outbreak of World War I created labour and material shortages that made construction difficult. However, members of Parliament (MPs) were so desperate to get out of the run-down old Government House that they moved into the unfinished building in 1918. In 1922, the first stage was completed (the second stage was never built). Beginning in 1992, extensive work was undertaken to strengthen the building. Parliament House was finally officially opened in 1995 by Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand, after its refurbishment. The intention of the Liberal Government was for the design to be implemented in stages, eventually resulting in a coherent architectural setting. Instead, as Heritage New Zealand remarks, the setting that has been achieved "has little aesthetic or architectural coherence", especially through the construction of the Beehive instead of completion of Parliament House.

In February 2022, many anti-COVID-19 vaccine mandate protestors converged outside Parliament House. They set up tents on the lawn, occupying the parliamentary precinct, and blockaded nearby Molesworth Street. The protestors were cleared by Police on 2 March, after nearly four weeks. The protestors set fires and caused damage to the lawns, and vandalised Parliament Buildings.

The Beehive

The land intended for the second stage of Parliament House is occupied by the Executive Wing. This building conceived by British architect Sir Basil Spence in 1964, largely designed by the Ministry of Works, was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1977. The first parliamentary offices moved into the building in 1979. Due to its distinctive shape, it is referred to colloquially as "The Beehive".

The building is ten storeys and 72 metres high. The top floor is occupied by the Cabinet room, with the prime minister's office on the floor immediately below. The offices of individual ministers, various function rooms, and Bellamy's restaurant occupy the first three floors.

In the late 1990s there was consideration of moving the Beehive behind Parliament House, and finishing Parliament House according to the 1911 original plans. The plan was quickly scuttled due to a lack of public support and concerns about cost.

Parliamentary Library
Completed in 1899, the Parliamentary Library is the oldest of the buildings. It stands to the north of Parliament House (to its right, looking from the front).

The library was designed in Gothic Revival style and was fire resistant, being constructed of masonry. The third storey of the design was not built, to save money. It had an iron fire-door separating the library from the main entrance section. This saved the library from the fire of 1907, which destroyed the rest of the timber parliament buildings.

Along with Parliament House, the library was strengthened and refurbished in the 1990s. This included recreating Gothic elements of the roof including ironwork, turrets and finials. It still houses Parliament's library. The building is registered with Heritage New Zealand (previously called the New Zealand Historic Places Trust) as a Category I heritage structure with registration number 217.

Bowen House
A 22-storey office building across Bowen Street from the Beehive, Bowen House houses MPs' offices and support staff and has been leased by Parliamentary Services since 1991. It is connected to the rest of the parliamentary complex by a tunnel under Bowen Street which contains a travelator.

Old Government Buildings
Not part of the current parliamentary complex and on the other side of Lambton Quay, this four-storey building was designed by William Clayton and built in 1876. The former Government Buildings currently house Victoria University of Wellington's Law School as part of Victoria's Pipitea campus. Several rooms featuring displays of the building's history have been set up for public viewing.

title: New Zealand Parliament Buildings


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Star Park

Starr Park is the name applied to several former sports stadiums in Syracuse, New York. The name referred to the Syracuse professional baseball teams, which were called the Stars beginning around 1870 and continuing in most seasons until the last Stars team was fielded in 1929.

 * The first of these venues was an alternate name of Newell Park, at the southeast corner of South Salina Street and what is now East Raynor Avenue. It was the home field of Stars teams from 1878 through 1884, including the Syracuse Stars of the National League in 1879.

 * The second, and longest-lived, Star Park opened in 1885, a couple of long blocks north of Newell Park. It was bounded by Salina, Taylor, Oneida and Temple Streets, with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad tracks running through a corner of the block. In addition to various Syracuse Stars minor league clubs through its two decades of existence, the field was the home of the Syracuse Stars of the major league American Association during the 1890 season. After 20 years of use, the city decided not to renew the ball club's lease, and ran what is now South Clinton Street through the property

 * The next Star Park was initially called Athletic Park. It was first the home of the Syracuse Stars minor league team in the Eastern League during 1900 and part of 1901. The Stars returned to the Salina and Taylor location during 1902 through 1904, after which the city closed it. The Stars then resumed play at Athletic Park, redubbing it New Star Park, which they used as members of the New York State League during the 1905 and 1906 seasons. Athletic Park / New Star Park was bordered by Marsh Street (later Hiawatha Boulevard) to the south, and by Pulaski and Liberty Streets.

 * After the 1906 season, the Stars moved again, about a mile northward, to a field called Hallock Park or First Ward Park or, again, Star Park. The Stars fielded teams in the New York State League from 1907 through 1917, then had another try with the International League, for 1918 only. This ballpark has been described as near the end of North Salina Street "not far from" Onondaga Lake, and Hiawatha Boulevard toward the southeast. What is now Park Street was to the northeast, across which there is now a Regional Market. The ballpark site itself was eventually swallowed by ramps for Interstate Highway 81.

 * The final version of Star Park, also known as Syracuse Athletic Park and International League Park, opened in 1920, and closed after the 1929 season. It was located at 1420 West Genesee Street, on the north side of that street between State Fair Boulevard and the New York Central tracks. It was the home of Stars teams in the International League during 1920 through 1927, and then a short-lived Stars entry in the New York–Pennsylvania League during 1928, and part way through the 1929 season.

 * This last Star Park was also the home of the short-lived Syracuse Pros football team, who were "possible" members of the American Professional Football Association (later renamed the National Football League), in 1921.

Syracuse was without minor league ball until Municipal Stadium opened in 1934, for a newly transferred International League club that was named the Syracuse Chiefs.

title: Star Park


text: User talk:156.34.86.148

title: User talk:156.34.86.148


text:
Troy Ball Clubs Grounds

Troy Ball Club Grounds was a baseball ground in Watervliet, New York. It was home to the Troy Trojans baseball club of the National League for the 1882 season. According to the Troy city directory for 1882, the ballpark was at "Genesee Street opposite the West Troy Depot" of the Delaware & Hudson Railroad. Genesee was later renamed 19th Street and is a major thoroughfare in Watervliet.

The 1885 Sanborn map shows "Base Ball Park" south of Genesee and east of the railroad tracks.

title: Troy Ball Clubs Grounds


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Steinbach (electoral district)

Steinbach is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba that encompasses the city of Steinbach, the riding's namesake, and northeastern part of the Rural Municipality of Hanover.

The current MLA is Kelvin Goertzen, who was first elected with almost 75% of the vote in 2003. Goertzen also briefly served as Premier of Manitoba in 2021.

History
It was created by redistribution in 1989, and has formally existed since the provincial election of 1990. Originally a much larger riding in terms of geographical area, Steinbach has been redistributed three times (1999, 2011, and 2019) in response to the city of Steinbach's rapid population growth and is now among the smallest provincial ridings in terms of land area outside of Winnipeg.

The riding is currently bordered by the riding of Dawson Trail to the north and east, and La Verendrye to the south and west. Prior to the redistribution ahead of the 2019 election, the riding was bordered by the former Emerson riding to the west, La Verendrye to the south and east, Dawson Trail to the north, and former Morris riding to the west.

Demographics
As of 2016, thirty-four per cent of the riding's residents list German as their ethnic origin, and a further 7% list themselves as Dutch. There is a very strong Mennonite presence in the riding. Steinbach's population in 2006 was 19,415. In the year 1999, the average family income was $46,133, and the unemployment rate was 5.00%. Manufacturing accounts for 17% of the riding's industry, followed by agriculture at 14%.

Voting history
The riding has been held by the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba since its creation, and is considered extremely safe for that party. Steinbach's rural nature, as well as the city's religious background, gives the riding a strong social conservative tint. Manitoba political pundits often refer to Steinbach as a "yellow dog riding," as it is one of many rural ridings where it is often said in jest that the Tories could nominate a yellow dog and still win. It is located within the federal riding of Provencher.

title: Steinbach (electoral district)


text: User talk:82.155.31.163

title: User talk:82.155.31.163


text:
Tara MacLean

Tara Margaret Charity MacLean (born October 25, 1973) is a Canadian musician, singer, and composer. Her songs as a solo artist include "Evidence", "If I Fall", and a cover of the Christmas song "Light of the Stable". She was a member of Atlantic Canadian regional group, Shaye with Kim Stockwood and Damhnait Doyle from 2002 to 2007.

Early life and education
MacLean is the daughter of Sharlene MacLean, an actress, and Danny Costain, a singer and dancer from British Columbia. She was influenced by her stepfather Marty Reno, a songwriter and guitarist with Canadian recording star Gene MacLellan. She was born and raised in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island on the east coast of Canada, and is the eldest of four children. All four were pulled from their burning home in May 1987 by Constable David Cheverie, who was awarded for bravery and received the Cross of Valour for saving their lives. She moved to British Columbia when she was 13 years old.

MacLean lived in Victoria, British Columbia, and graduated from Mount Douglas Secondary School in 1991.

Career
Nettwerk Records discovered MacLean singing on a ferry between Victoria, British Columbia and Salt Spring Island. She signed to Nettwerk Records in April 1995 after moving to Vancouver to record her song "Let Her Feel the Rain" for Lit from Within, a Nettwerk Records benefit compilation for rape crisis centers. That song was also placed on a Nettwerk compilation titled Slowbrew, and it received some radio airplay. Her representing agents are S.L. Feldman's in Canada and Little Big Man in the U.S. She is signed to Sony Music Publishing Canada.

Her first live appearance in Vancouver was at Nettwerk Record's 10 Year Anniversary Show at the Vogue Theater. MacLean made an impact opening for the Dave Matthews Band and she appeared at the East Coast Music Awards where she sang with Marty Reno and Lennie Gallant as a tribute to Gene McLellan.

Silence
In October 1995, MacLean went to San Francisco to record her debut album Silence at Brilliant Studios with producer Norm Kerner with additional recording in Vancouver.

MacLean toured to promote Silence for over two years, including opening slots for Ashley MacIsaac, Barenaked Ladies, Dave Matthews Band, Paula Cole, Ron Sexsmith and Tom Cochrane, and The Cure as well as eight dates on the Lilith Fair tour. The album sold over 20,000 copies in the United States.

In 1997 MacLean released a five-song EP of live, remixed and re-recorded songs called "If You See Me". MacLean embarked on a national club tour to promote the EP, performing as a duo with guitarist Bill Bell. She was named Best New Solo Artist in the Contemporary Hit Radio category at the Canadian Radio Music Awards in 1997. She joined Capitol Records for her major label release.

Her version of the folk song Rattlesnake Mountain, also known as "On Springfield Mountain", was featured during the closing credits of the 1997 movie Inventing the Abbotts.

Passenger
MacLean's second full-length album was called Passenger. It was recorded in New Orleans and produced by Malcolm Burn (Daniel Lanois) and then husband Bill Bell (Tom Cochrane, Danko Jones). It was released in October 1999 by Nettwerk Records in Canada and Capitol Records in America. MacLean promoted Passenger in Canada, America and Asia for 18 months. "If I Fall" and "Divided" were both released as singles. Live from Austin and Live from Roots Lodge were released as two special live EPs. "Settling" was also released in Taiwan as the album's third single. She toured extensively, opening for Dido on her first U.S. tour.

To support Passenger, MacLean joined Kendall Payne, Shannon McNally and Amy Correia for a 21-stop Capitol Records sponsored The Girls Room Tour across America. Admission to The Girls Room shows were free, and the tour donated $1,000 to a women's charity in each city the tour visits. Passenger sold over 50,000 copies. She also appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and had a Cameo in the Jerry Bruckheimer film Coyote Ugly, and USA Network's Good vs Evil.

MacLean left Capitol Records in 2001.

MacLean gave birth to her first child Sophia Madrien Soleil Bell in 2001 in Oakville, Ontario.

Shaye
MaLean collaborated with fellow artists Kim Stockwood and Damhnait Doyle. The resulting group was named Shaye. The name was a tribute to Maclean's sister who died in a car accident in 2002.

Their debut album The Bridge was released in October 2003 on EMI Canada. "Happy Baby" the lead single, was nominated for Single of the Year at the 2004 Juno Awards and won the Canadian Radio music award. This was followed up by "Beauty" in January 2005. They represented Canada at the World Expo in Nagoya, Japan that Spring.

In 2006, she gave birth to her second child Stella Heather Sky Grand in Toronto, where she was residing with her partner Ted Grand (director and co-founder of Modo Yoga.)

Their 2006 follow up Lake of Fire was released on EMI Canada. It was exclusively available on iTunes in November 2006, then released physically in February 2007.

Wake
MacLean's third full-length release Wake was released on April 22, 2008, and is available to purchase as CD or MP3 from Nettwerk.

On October 8, 2007, MacLean announced that she was leaving Shaye due to parental commitments and the desire to pursue a solo career.

She had her third child, Flora Samadhi Shaye Grand in April 2008.

Atlantic Blue
MacLean's fourth studio album Atlantic Blue was released on 22 May 2017 to project supporters on PledgeMusic on digital, CD and vinyl. As part of the promotion of the project, an EP called Evidence was released on NoiseTrade as a free download, which featured a mix of released and previously unreleased tracks.

Atlantic Blue is a show and an album celebrating of Canadian east coast songwriters and contains covers of songs by Gene MacLellan, Gordie Sampson, Lennie Gallant, The Rankin Family, Rita MacNeil, Ron Hynes, Sarah McLachlan, Shaye, Stompin' Tom Connors, and others.

Shaye

 * The Bridge (LP) (2003)
 * Happy Baby (Single) (2003)
 * Beauty (Single) (2004)
 * Lake of Fire (Single) (2006)
 * Lake of Fire (LP) (2007)
 * You're Not Alone (Single) (2007)

Soundtracks

 * Inventing the Abbotts soundtrack ("On Springfield Mountain" 1997)
 * kissed soundtrack ("That's Me" 1997)
 * Due south vol.2 soundtrack ("Holy Tears" 1998)
 * Teaching Mrs. Tingle soundtrack ("At Seventeen," "If I Fall" 1999)
 *  Over Canada An Aerial Adventure  soundtrack ("If You Could" 1999)
 * Bounce soundtrack ("Divided" 2000)
 * Meteor Garden soundtrack ("Settling" 2001)
 * Just a Kiss soundtrack ("Divided" 2002)

Compilations

 * Bears – Nomad Music Collection ("Clayoquot Song" 1995)
 * Decadence – Nettwerk ("Silence (Demo)" 1995)
 * Slow Brew – Nettwerk ("Let Her Feel The Rain" 1995)
 * Lit From Within – Various Artists ("Let Her Feel the Rain", 1995)
 * Lilith Fair 98 A Starbucks Blend – Various Artists ("Evidence (Chris Lord-Alge Mix)", 1998)
 * Lilith Fair: A Celebration Of Women In Music – Lilith Fair ("Hold Me, Jordan" 1998)
 * Faith & Healing – Various Artists ("More", 1998)
 * 30 Hour Famine – Various Artists ("Holy Tears", 1998)
 * 99.99997% of the world plays without a contract. – Various Artists ("Evidence (Chris Lord-Alge Remix)", 1998)
 * My Sister Sings – Various Artists ("If You Could", 1998)
 * A Christmas To Remember – Various Artists ("Light of the Stable" 1998)
 * Cafe Music Network Selects 2000 Vol. 6 – Various Artists ("Divided", 2000)
 * Live From Studio B Vol. 1 – Various Artists ("If I Fall", 2000)
 * After the Fair 21st Century Women – Various Artists ("Let Her Feel the Rain", 2000)
 * Women & Songs 4 – Various Artists ("If I Fall", 2000)
 * Much More Music – Various Artists ("Divided", 2000)
 * Songs of the Season – WXRT 93.1 FM/Borders Compilation ("Silent Night" 2000)
 * Christmas Songs Nettwerk ("Winter Wonderland" 2000)
 * Women & Songs Christmas – Various Artists ("Winter Wonderland", 2003)
 * Images of Christmas – John McDermott and friends ("Winter Wonderland" with Shaye 2005)
 * Borrowed Tunes II: A Tribute to Neil Young – Various Artists ("Natural Beauty" 2007)
 * Christmas in Canada – Various Artists ("Winter Wonderland" with Shaye 2007)
 * Abrazos 2008 – Various Artists ("Moment for Mercy" 2008 in aid of www.cancerbenefit.org)
 * Sirènes – The Beauty of the Female Voice – Various Artists ("Here and Now", 2008)

Guest appearances

 * Simple Things – Jim Brickman ("You" on Canadian release only 2001)
 * Earthbound – Paul Schwartz Project ("Earthbound" 2002)
 * Christmas Harmony – Dan Gibson/Solitudes (with Amy Sky 2004)
 * Christmas Grace (Hallmark release) – Dan Gibson/Solitudes (with Amy Sky 2004)
 * Songs For Sunset – Dan Gibson/Solitudes (with Amy Sky 2006)
 * Valentine (Borders Exclusive) – Jim Brickman ("You" 2006)

Backing vocals

 * Roaring From The Soul of a Lion – Peter Prince (1993)
 * Whispering Rain – Peter Prince ("Sweet Surrender" 1995)
 * Be Here Now – Suzanne Little ("Still With Me" 1995)
 * Don't Argue With Her – Annette Ducharme ("Polarize" 1996)
 * Songs of a Circling Spirit – Tom Cochrane ("All The King's Men" 1997)
 * All of Who You Are – Simon Collins ("Ocean Deep Inside" 1999)
 * X-Ray Sierra – Tom Cochrane ("Stonecutter's Arms" 1999)
 * Trapeze: The Collection – Tom Cochrane ("Pictures From The Edge" 2001)
 * Born a Lion – Danko Jones – ("Love is Unkind" 2002)
 * Light Dance – Peter Prince (2002)
 * Davnet – Damhnait Doyle ("Another California Song" 2003)
 * Waves – The Devlins ("Coming Alive" 2005)
 * Images of Christmas – John McDermott and friends ("Christmas All The Time" with Tom Cochrane 2005)
 *  I Love Santa (Kim Stockwood album)|I Love Santa  – Kim Stockwood ("Silent Night" 2006)
 * The Melody and the Energetic Nature of Volume – Evans Blue ("Beg," "Possession" 2006)

From her albums

 * Evidence (1996)
 * Divided (1996)
 * If I Fall (2000)

Shaye

 * Happy Baby (2003)
 * Beauty (2004)

Other appearances

 * Another California Song (Damhnait Doyle, 2003, Plays Abducted character)

Solo
1997 – Won Best New Solo Artist  for Canadian Radio Music Awards

title: Tara MacLean


text:
Union Base-Ball Grounds

Union Base-Ball Grounds was a baseball park located in Chicago. The park was "very visibly downtown", its small block bounded on the west by Michigan Avenue, on the north by Randolph Street, and on the east by railroad tracks and the lake shore, which was then much closer than it is today. The site is now part of Millennium Park.

Baseball
Union Base-Ball Grounds was also called White-Stocking Park, as it was the home field of the Chicago White Stockings of the National Association in 1871, after spending the 1870 season as an independent professional club playing home games variously at Dexter Park race course and Ogden Park. The Great Chicago Fire of October 8 destroyed Union Base-Ball Grounds and all of the club's possessions. After fulfilling its 1871 obligations by playing on the road, the club did not field a team for the next two seasons, and the ballpark was not rebuilt.

In 1878, the White Stockings returned to the 1871 site and to a new park that is usually called Lake-Shore Park, Lake Front Park, or simply Lake Park, which was actually the name for the entire waterfront area (not just the ballpark) until being renamed Grant Park in 1901. At the new park, the outfield area was especially close in right field. The right field fence was less than 200 feet away, so anyone hitting the ball over that fence was awarded only a ground rule double. Batters would aim for the fence, and during their years at the park, the Chicago club regularly led the league in doubles. In what would be their final season on the lakefront, the White Stockings decided to make the entire outfield fence home run territory. Thus, the team slumped in the number of doubles while boosting their home runs from typically a dozen or two to 142, easily outdistancing second place Buffalo, which had 39 for the season. The entire league's home run totals were up, thanks to the change to the Chicago ground rules.

The team played at Lake-Shore Park through the 1884 season. After the season, the city reclaimed the land, and the White Stockings became a road team for the first couple of months of 1885 while awaiting construction of the first West Side Park. The lumber from the stands was disassembled and reconfigured as the new stands at West Side Park.[Chicago Tribune, March 15, 1885, p.11]

Football
The first college football game in the Midwest was played at the park on May 30, 1879, when the University of Michigan met Racine College. Michigan won, 1-0, on a place-kick by David DeTarr.

title: Union Base-Ball Grounds


text:
Music of Crete

The music of Crete (Κρητική μουσική), also called kritika (κρητικά), refers to traditional forms of Greek folk music prevalent on the island of Crete in Greece. Cretan traditional music includes instrumental music (generally also involving singing), a capella songs known as the rizitika, "Erotokritos," Cretan urban songs (tabachaniotika), as well as other miscellaneous songs and folk genres (lullabies, ritual laments, etc.).

Historically, there have been significant variations in the music across the island (more violin than lyra in far Eastern and Western Crete, a preference for the syrtos in Western Crete and kondylies in Eastern Crete). Some of this variation continues today and in the late-twentieth and early-twenty-first centuries has received greater attention by scholars and the mass media. Nonetheless, over the course of the twentieth-century, the sense of a single, island-wide Cretan musical tradition emerged.

Although much Cretan music remains consciously close to its folk roots and an integral part of the fabric of many Cretans' everyday lives, it is also a vibrant and evolving modern, popular tradition that involves many professional and semi-professional musicians, numerous regional record companies and professional distributors, professional luthiers (especially of Cretan lyras and Cretan lutes), and Cretan kentra (clubs for dancing to live Cretan music).

Instrumental (dances, kondylies, kantadha)
Much Cretan music includes the use of instruments (and usually singing, too). Lyra, violin, and laouto (Cretan lute) predominate, but other common instruments include the mandolin, mandola, oud, thiampoli (souravli), askomandoura, classical guitar (especially in Eastern Crete), boulgari, and daouli (davul). There is also an instrument known as the viololyra, a hybrid of the violin and lyra, which has enjoyed varying degrees of popularity at various times.

Cretan music has been largely heterophonic in texture or accompanied by drones and fifth chords on Cretan lute, classical guitar, mandolin, boulgari, and so forth. Drones are also played simultaneously on melody instruments such as the lyra and violin by bowing a second string (usually open) simultaneously as one plays the melody notes on another string. Especially in earlier and more amateur settings where a second accompanying instrument was often absent, a lyra player accompanied himself by playing not only a drone string but also with a distinctively rhythmic bowing style in order to ring the gerakokoudhouna (small "falcon bells") that were attached to his bow. It is much more common today for the lyra to be accompanied by one or more other instruments, and for lyra players to employ a violin bow.

Like much Greek folk music, Cretan music is closely related to dance, and the most common musical forms correspond directly with the Cretan dances that may accompany them, such as the Syrtos, pentozali, siganos, pidikhtos, and Sousta. Certain traditional dances from other regions of Greece, most notably kalamatianos and ballos, are also widely performed by professional Cretan musicians, usually with Cretan-composed lyrics, in musical gatherings since at least the twentieth century. Like fiddle tunes in various other traditions, Cretan dance music often involves repeated melodies or repeated pairings of melodies, whose selection and concatenation is improvised in performance.

Another musical construction common to Cretan music is the taximi (ταξίμι), a rhythmically free, improvised instrumental solo (e.g., on the violin, lyra, or lute) in a particular scale or mode preceding the dance-song proper. (Both the word taximi and the musical form itself are cognates with the Arabic taqsim.)

Mantinadas
Much Cretan music is improvisational, especially in terms of its "lyrics." Typically, the lyrics of Cretan instrumental music take the form of mantinadas (μαντινάδα): fifteen-syllable rhyming (or assonant) couplets which have their origins in medieval Cretan poetry (as rhyming couplets) as well as in earlier (non-rhyming) forms of Greek verse (in the same fifteen-syllable form).

Each line of a mantinada is divided into two hemistichs (ημιστιχί), the first of eight syllables and the second of seven, and separated by a caesura. For this reason, sometimes when mantinadas are transcribed, they are broken into four shorter lines in a rhyme scheme of ABCB as opposed to the traditional form of a couplet. The metrical rhythm of mantinadas usually falls into eight successive iambs followed by an unstressed syllable, the form known in Greek as political verse and akin to the English-language fourteener and ballad stanza. There may be slight variations in meter.

For example:"Τα κρητικά τα χώματα, όπου και αν τα σκάψεις, αίμα παλικαριών θα βρείς, κόκαλα θα ξεθάψεις.""Ta Kritika ta chomata opou kai an ta skapseis Aima palikarion tha vreis, kokala tha ksethapseis.""΅Wherever you happen to dig in Cretan soil, You will find the blood of stout-hearted men, you will unbury bones."Mantinadas are written about a variety of subjects. Many focus on love, employ pastoral imagery, and use Cretan idiomatic Greek. Numerous folklorists since the early twentieth century have published large collections of mantinadas. Since the mid-twentieth century, some prolific mantinada composers have regionally published their mantinadas, much like other books of poetry. Some mantinadas are excerpted as stand-alone rhyming couplets from longer poems, particularly the Erotokritos, an epic poem that is a staple of Cretan Renaissance literature.

Singers, professional and amateur alike, frequently improvise in the moment which mantinadas they sing or improvise entirely new ones on the spot. Sometimes a certain pairing of a particular mantinada with a particular melody (e.g., based on a well-known professional recording) will also congeal among much of the population and therefore tend to be repeated in performance.

A common musical accompaniment for the improvisation of large numbers of mantinadas is called a kontilia (κοντυλιά), a four-measure melody. The same kontilia (or a traditional pairing of kontylies) can be repeated for virtually any length of time, but musicians can also improvise changes in which kontylia is being played, stringing together different kontylies over the course of a performance.

There is also a tradition of the kantadha (serenade) in Crete in which mantinadas are sung and improvised. The music of a kantadha may be kondylies or structured like the music of a syrtos (the dance form) but not actually intended for dancing or even necessarily sung at a tempo appropriate for dancing.

A Cappella singing (Rizitika)
There is also a strong a cappella tradition of mountain songs known as rizitika. The rizitika are conventionally divided into rizitika "of the road" (tis stratas) and rizitika "of the table" (tis tavlas). Since the twentieth century, an island-wide canon of rizitika songs has taken shape, especially in the wake of a commercially influential recording of them arranged by Yannis Markopoulos and sung by Nikos Xylouris in the early 1970s. Folklorists and other scholars have also published large collections of rizitika song texts. (For example, Rizitika: Dimotika Tragoudia tis Kritis by Stamatis Apostolakis.)

Erotokritos
There is also a vigorous tradition of singing excerpts of the Erotokritos to a specific set of tunes as a "song" genre in its own right (with or without instrumental accompaniment).The entire set of tunes will repeat as many times as required for the length of the excerpt that is being sung.

Sometimes, rhyming couplets are excerpted from the Erotokritos and sung as mantinadas.

The First Lines of the Erotokritos:

"Του Κύκλου τα γυρίσματα, που ανεβοκατεβαίνουν, και του Τροχού, που ώρες ψηλά κι ώρες στα βάθη πηαίνουν" "Tou Kiklou ta girismata, pou anevokatevainoun, kai tou Trochou, pou ores psila ki ores sta bathi piainoun" "Of the great revolving cycle on which they travel, and of the wheel, on which hours run high and low"

Tabachaniotika
The "tabachaniotika" (sing.: tabachaniotiko – ταμπαχανιώτικο) songs are a Cretan urban musical repertory of instrumental and vocal music which belongs to a broader family of urban genres. Major features of the tabachaniotika songs are Dromoi (sing:in Greek dromos – δρόμος) (i.e., modes) and musical instruments such as the laouto and boulgarí (μπουλγκαρί, the Cretan orelse). Once again, the Cretan Mantinada often figures prominently in the words to such songs.

One explanation of the origin of the word tambahaniotika is that they come from the eponymous district area of Greek city of Patras Ταμπαχανιώτικα. Also, various conjectures are advanced to explain the meaning and origin of the term tabachaniotika. Kostas Papadakis believes that it comes from tabakaniotikes (ταμπακανιώτικες), which may mean places where hashish (ταμπάκο 'tobacco') was smoked while music was performed, as was the case with the tekédes (τεκέδες; pl. of tekés) of other major urban centres. This kind of genre was found in Crete and Smyrna and was played with lyra and laouto.

Unlike rebetiko, the tabachaniotika was not considered underground music and was only sung, not danced, according to Nikolaos Sarimanolis, the last living performer of this repertory in Chania. Only a few musicians played the tabachaniotika, the most famous being the boulgarí (a mandolin-like instrument) player Stelios Foustalieris (1911–1992) from Réthymnon. Foustalieris bought his first boulgarí in 1924. In 1979, he said that in Réthymnon, the boulgarí had been widespread during the 1920s. An early twentieth-century variation of rebetiko around the Lakkos brothel district in Irakleio is indicative of a "hybrid music scene associated with cross-cultural interaction between different social and ethnic groups and musical traditions."

Notwithstanding the dearth of performers, tabachaniotika songs were widespread and could also be performed at domestic gatherings. Notable artists of this genre who were originally refugees from Asia Minor include the bouzouki player Nikolaos "Nikolis" Sarimanolis (Νικολής Σαριμανώλης; born in Nea Ephesos in 1919) as a member of a folk-group founded by Kostas Papadakis in Chaniá in 1945, Antonis Katinaris (also based in Chaniá), and the Rethymnon-based Mihalis Arabatzoglou and Nikos Gialidis.

Origins
Cretan music, like most of the traditional Greek music, began as product of ancient, Byzantine music, with western and eastern inspirations. The first recorded reference to lyra was in the 9th century by the Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih (d. 911); in his lexicographical discussion of instruments, he cited the lyre (lūrā) as the typical instrument of the Byzantines along with the (organ). The lyra spread widely via the Byzantine trade routes that linked the three continents; in the 11th and 12th centuries European writers use the terms fiddle and lyra interchangeably when referring to bowed instruments. Descendants of the Byzantine lyra have continued to be played in post-Byzantine regions until the present day with few changes, for example the Calabrian Lira in Italy, the Cretan Lyra, the Gadulka in Bulgaria, and the Pontian lyra in Turkey.

Following the Fourth Crusade, the Venetians dominated the island and introduced later new instruments and styles of music. In particular the three-stringed lira da braccio was introduced. By the end of the 14th century, a poetic form called mantinada became popular, a rhyming couplet of fifteen syllables.

Post-Byzantine era
After the fall of Constantinople, many Byzantine and Venetian musicians took refuge on Crete and established schools of music. A French physician in 1547 (Pierre Belon) reported warrior-like dances on Crete, and an English traveler in 1599 reported the wild dances performed late at night.

The oldest transcription of folk songs in all of Greece can be traced to the 17th century, when songs in the rizitika type (see below) were mentioned by monks at Iviron and Xeropotamou Monasteries on Mount Athos.

The connection between music and religion continues in modern Crete; priests are said to be excellent folk singers, including the rizitiko singer Aggelos Psilakis. It was during this period, when the modern Cretan folk music was formed, that Francisco Leontaritis was active. The explicit musical connection between Cretan music and Byzantine chant was documented in the seminal study "La chanson grecque" by Swiss musicologist and archivist Samuel Baud-Bovy.

Twentieth-century consolidation

Cretan music underwent significant new developments in the twentieth-century, many related to professionalization, technology, and modernization, even as it remained closely interwoven with the fabric of many Cretans' everyday lives. Cretan music also continued to be widely performed by amateurs in everyday life as well.

Early masters (πρωτομάστορες)
The advent of recordings, the growing ease of travel between regions on the island, and the modernization of instruments such as the lyra all contributed to the construction of "Cretan music" as a single, island-wide Cretan, and thus somewhat less locally or regionally bound, tradition.

In the early 20th century, the violin was prominent in Cretan music in far Eastern and Western Crete. The modern form of the lyra appeared when a lyraki and violin were combined replacing the lyra drone strings with three strings in succession (d-a-e'). As a result, the range of the lyra was increased, and the lyra could start playing dances from the violin repertoire as well.

Cretan music was recorded as early as 1917, and has continued to be recorded extensively ever since.

Up until the Second World War, many early masters of the lyra, violin or laouto were recorded on 78, such as Antonogiorgakis, Harchalis, Kalogeridis, Kanteris, Karavitis, Lagoudakis (Lagos), Papadakis (Kareklas), Rodinos, Saridakis (Mavros). Many of these musicians and their recordings were largely forgotten in the wake of new waves of Cretan musicians and recordings artists after the Second World War, until their wider "rediscovery" upon the re-release of their music on compact discs and cassettes (and later online) starting in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Mid-century
Certain widely recorded Cretan musicians, such as Kostas Mountakis and Thanasis Skordalos, further helped in the establishment and dissemination more widely across the island a shared repertory or canon of Cretan melodies.

As late as the 1960s, most Cretan traditional music was largely considered rural and still widely looked down upon in Cretan cities. Nikos Xylouris was among a new generation of musicians and recording artists whose work further helped to popularize Cretan music in the cities of Crete and beyond.

In the early 1960s, Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis based his theme music for the 1964 Cacoyannis film Zorba the Greek (itself based on the novel by Cretan author Nikos Kazantzakis) on Cretan syrta that had been recorded earlier by Giorgis Koutsourelis, such as on the hasapiko dance. The new dance was named "sirtaki" by choreographer Giorgos Provias. The film also shows clips of Cretan musicians performing Cretan music.

Greek composer Manos Hatzidakis also included a Cretan-syrtos-inspired opening song in his Kapetan Michales cycle (1966), written for theater and based on Cretan author Nikos Kazantzakis's Captain Michalis (frequently translated as Freedom and Death).

In 1968, German director Werner Herzog's short film Last Words includes extensive (uncredited) clips of Antonis Papadakis (Kareklas) and Lefteris Daskalakis performing Cretan music.

Late century

Cretan music continued to be performed and to develop professionally throughout the 1970s. The 1970s was also a period for several important documentaries about Cretan music, such as those for Greek public television hosted by Domna Samiou.

By the 1980s, some professional musicians were recording modern arrangements of Cretan music involving instruments such as the steel-string acoustic guitar, and more chordal accompaniments involving major, minor, and diminished harmonies.

By the 1990s, there were numerous local radio and television shows dedicated to Cretan music.

Influence and contemporary fusions
Some contemporary musicians in Crete, including Ross Daly, have experimented with new kinds of music that have been heavily influenced by Cretan traditional music.

Ethnomusicologist Kevin Dawe has noted that, "Recent fusions of Cretan/Greek, Turkish and various other oriental musics and musical instruments in both popular and traditional musics present a challenge to established notions of musical performance practice and musical identity."

Dances

 * Ntames
 * Pentozali (siganos & grigoros)
 * Pidikhtos (Anogeianos & Ethianos)
 * Sousta (Rethemniotiki)
 * Syrtos, like in the music of mainland Greece is a dance in 4/4 time. On Crete this dance is typically accompanied by an up tempo Cretan lyra melody
 * Trizalis
 * Angaliastos
 * Maleviziotis

Sociology
Numerous scholars have noted that modern Cretan music has been a predominantly male domain and, in particular, serves as a site for performing one's "manhood."

Several scholars have examined the history and politics surrounding the violin versus the lyra as the primary musical instrument identified with the island and employed in its music.

Cretan musicians
Some of the earliest popular music stars from Crete were Andreas Rodinos, Yiannis Bernidakis, Stelios Koutsourelis, Stelios Foustalieris, Efstratios Kalogeridis, Kostas Papadakis, Michalis Kounelis, Kostas Mountakis, Leonidas Klados and Thanassis Skordalos. Later, in the 1960s, musicians like Nikos Xylouris (Psaronikos) and Yannis Markopoulos combined Cretan folk music with classical techniques. For the above choices, Nikos Xylouris received the negative criticism of conservative fans of the Cretan music but he remained popular, as did similarly styled performers like Charalambos Garganourakis and Vasilis Skoulas. Nowadays, prominent performers include Antonis Xylouris (Psarantonis), Giorgos Xylouris (Psarogiorgis), Ross Daly, Loudovikos ton Anogeion, Stelios Petrakis, Vasilis Stavrakakis, the group Chainides, Zacharias Spyridakis, Michalis Stavrakakis, Mitsos Stavrakakis, Michalis Kontaxakis, Dimitrios Vakakis, Giorgos Skordalos, Georgios Tsantakis, Michalis Tzouganakis, Elias Horeftakis, Giannis Haroulis, and Giorgis Pantermakis. And of course the legendary man with the double mustache, Nikolas Gonianakis. Nikos Stavrakakis

Streaming audio

 * 128kbit/s Windows Media Stream (Internet-only station playing Cretan music)
 * 32kbit/s Windows Media Stream (Studio Alpha – Chania, Crete)

title: Music of Crete


text:
Russian Hill, San Francisco

Russian Hill is a neighborhood of San Francisco, California. It is named after one of San Francisco's 44 hills, and one of its original "Seven Hills".

Location
Russian Hill is directly to the north (and slightly downhill) from Nob Hill, to the south (uphill) from Fisherman's Wharf, and to the west of the North Beach neighborhood. The Hill is bordered on its west side by parts of the neighborhoods of Cow Hollow and the Marina District.

At the northern foot of the hill is Ghirardelli Square, which sits on the waterfront of the San Francisco Bay, Aquatic Park, and Fisherman's Wharf, a popular tourist area. A trip down the winding turns of Lombard Street and across Columbus Avenue to the east leads to the neighborhood of North Beach. Down the hill to the west, past Van Ness Avenue, are Cow Hollow and the Marina districts.

History
The neighborhood's name goes back to the Gold Rush-era, when settlers discovered a small Russian cemetery at the top of the hill. Russian naval and merchant ships frequently visited San Francisco throughout the 19th century beginning in 1806, and there are several mentions of burials of crew members in the Russian Hill cemetery in the first half of the century. The cemetery was eventually removed, but the name remained.

In 1853 and 1854, a partnership was formed by William H. Ranlett (the architect), Charles Homer (the general contractor), and Joseph H. Atkinson (the mason/brick contractor), in order to build three houses in Russian Hill (at what is now known as the Vallejo Street Crest). The Atkinson House (1853) is one of the oldest houses still standing in San Francisco, and possibly one of the first examples of Italianate-style architecture in the city.

The switchbacks design of Lombard Street was first suggested by property owner Carl Henry and was built in 1922, intended to reduce the hill's natural 27 percent grade, which was too steep for most vehicles to climb.

Districts and views
Because of the steepness of the hill, many streets, portions of Vallejo and Green streets, for example, are staircases. Views from the top of the hill extend in several directions around the Bay Area, including the Bay Bridge, Marin County, the Golden Gate Bridge and Alcatraz. The Macondray Lane District is notable for its historic architecture in a hilly and woodsy area, which features the pedestrian-only Macondray Lane. The Paris Block Architectural District is a residential area known for its architecture, including the Feusier Octagon House.

The Vallejo Street Crest Historic District is located in the southeast portion of the hill and is known for the cultural history and architecture, the district is surrounded by a retaining wall and natural bluff. A small park at the top of the hill on Vallejo Street (or the Vallejo Street Crest) features a small plaque and memorial placed by the Russian Government, that is dedicated to the original Russian cemetery that once stood there. Another park on the hill on Vallejo Street is named after Ina Coolbrith.

Russian Hill is home to the former San Francisco Art Institute, located on Chestnut Street between Jones and Leavenworth Streets. The Academy of Art University also maintains a presence in this neighborhood with their Chestnut Street building hosting their fine art MFA studios, photo classrooms, and photo studios.

Lombard Street
The neighborhood is most famous for Lombard Street, the one-way section on Russian Hill between Hyde and Leavenworth Streets, in which the roadway has eight sharp turns (or switchbacks) that have earned the street the distinction of being "the crookedest street in the world". As it is one of the most visited tourist attractions in the city, this section of the neighborhood is frequently crowded with tourists. Tourists also frequent the cable car line along Hyde Street, which is lined with many restaurants and shops.

Parks
Alice Marble Tennis Courts are four hardcourt tennis courts located at Lombard and Hyde Streets. The courts offer a view of the bay and North Beach and can be unsuitable for tennis on windy days. A basketball court is located adjacent to the tennis courts. The San Francisco Cable Cars serving the Powell-Hyde line stops nearby.

Government and infrastructure
San Francisco Police Department Central Station, Metro Division serves Russian Hill.

Education
It is in the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) and is within the Jean Parker Elementary School attendance area. The school building was first built in 1911 and rebuilt in 1996.

Notable residents

 * Stewart Alsop II, IT investor and journalist
 * Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI
 * Brian Boitano, American figure skater
 * Gelett Burgess, writer
 * Giuseppe Cadenasso, painter
 * Neal Cassady, writer
 * Alison Collins, former San Francisco School Board Commissioner
 * Ina Coolbrith, writer, librarian
 * Harmeet Dhillon, lawyer and Republican party official
 * Maynard Dixon, painter
 * Charles Caldwell Dobie, author
 * Sara Bard Field, poet
 * Milton Friedman, economist and Nobel Prize Winner
 * Elizabeth Holmes, Theranos founder and CEO
 * Jack Kerouac, writer
 * Dorothea Lange, photographer
 * Gavin Newsom, former Mayor of San Francisco, and Governor of California
 * Cynthia Oti, radio show host
 * Willis Polk, architect
 * William H. Ranlett, architect
 * Mary Curtis Richardson, painter
 * Herbert Sandler, banker
 * Andrew Summers Rowan, army officer
 * Fanny Stevenson, wife of Robert Louis Stevenson
 * Anita Whitney, political activist
 * Rose Wilder Lane, writer and daughter of Laura Ingalls Wilder
 * Rev. Joseph Worcester, who designed and built the first shingled house in the Bay Area

In fiction
Life in the neighborhood during the 1970s was used as the basis for the fictionalized series Tales of the City by Armistead Maupin.

Much of the famous car chase sequence in the 1968 thriller Bullitt, starring Steve McQueen (whose character lived in Nob Hill on Taylor and Clay streets), were filmed on Russian Hill, notably the scenes on Taylor Street. The neighborhood was also featured in the early scenes of the 1982 action-comedy feature film, 48 Hrs.

The cast of The Real World: San Francisco, which aired in 1994, lived in the house at 949 Lombard Street on Russian Hill from February 12 to June 19, 1994.

In Anne Rice's book The Wolf Gift, the main character, Reuben Golding, grew up in Russian Hill.

John "Scottie" Ferguson, a character played by James Stewart lives at 900 Lombard Street in Alfred Hitchcock's film Vertigo (1958).

Based on the view from the window, Admiral James T. Kirk's apartment seen in the films Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and Star Trek III: The Search for Spock was located in the Russian Hill area of San Francisco.

In the racing video game Blur, one of the courses is named after and closely resembles Russian Hill.

A parody of Russian Hill appears as a district in the 1997 video game Grand Theft Auto, named 'Soviet Hill'.

title: Russian Hill, San Francisco


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Caplan capital management

Caplan capital management
The article reads in full ''Caplan Capital Management, Inc. is a Highland Park, New Jersey investment advisory. The president of the firm is Jonathan Caplan.'' To put it charitably, notability is not established. -- Hoary 01:52, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete, this is spam... Wyss
 * del Mikkalai 02:37, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - non-notable, advertising, no information, want more reasons? Andre Engels 22:19, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: advert. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:12, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Seems to me spam to me --Fyrefiend 06:42, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Sunfish (sailboat)

The Sunfish is a personal-size, beach-launched sailing dinghy. It features a very flat, boardlike hull carrying an Oceanic lateen sail mounted to an un-stayed mast.

Sunfish was developed by Alcort, Inc. and first appeared around 1952 as the "next generation" improvement on their original boat, the Sailfish. In contrast, the Sunfish has a wider beam for more stability, increased freeboard and the addition of a foot-well for a more comfortable sailing position. Sunfish began as a wood hull design and progressed to fiberglass construction just a few years after its introduction.

Having a Lateen sail with its simple two line rigging makes a Sunfish simple to learn sailing on and to set up. Upgrades can be added to enhance sail control for competitive sailing, making the boat attractive to both novice and experienced sailors alike.

Due to the broad appeal of the Sunfish, in 1995 it was commended by The American Sailboat Hall of Fame for being "the most popular fiberglass boat ever designed, with a quarter million sold worldwide" (at that point in time).

Early in 2016, manufacturer Laser Performance moved production from Portsmouth, Rhode Island, US to China and boats were supplied to the 2016 World Championships.

In 2017, Laser Performance (LP) announced the creation of a new governing body to manage the Sunfish Class, the International Sunfish Class Organization (ISCO), after the International Sunfish Class Association (ISCA), governing body since 1969, refused to sign a trademark agreement. In response the ISCA, still the World Sailing recognised Class Association, have announced rule changes which permit alternative suppliers to Laser Performance for some components.

Today, the Sunfish brand-name has become so widely known it is often misapplied generically to refer to any brand of board-style boat sporting the characteristic crab claw sail. The design is currently manufactured by Laser Performance.

Design
The distinctive low-aspect ratio Lateen sail gives the Sunfish an anachronistic appearance compared with today's more familiar high-aspect ratio Bermuda rig sailboats. However, this sail plan is not as old-world as it might first appear. Using a lateen rig for this style boat shifts the advantage toward better performance in lighter air (less than 4 on the Beaufort scale) and contributes to it having good down-wind characteristics.

The hull’s very mild "V" bottom and hard chine make Sunfish a most stable boat for its size, along with enabling it to sail on a plane (hydroplane). Planing allows the boat to achieve a speed greater than theoretical hull speed based on length at waterline (LWL). Having a down-wind performance advantage helps the Sunfish to achieve a planing attitude at lower wind speeds than its high-aspect ratio sail plan counterparts.

Designed as a water-tight, hollow-body pontoon, a hull like the Sunfish is sometimes referred to as "self-rescuing" because the boat can be capsized and its cockpit swamped without threat of the boat sinking.

Beginnings of Alcort, Inc.
In 1945, Alex Bryan and Cortlandt Heyniger created the Alcort company to produce their first boat design, the Sailfish. Originally framing carpenters by trade, these two entrepreneurs began their sailcraft endeavors building iceboats as a sideline. A proposal to build a lifesaving paddleboard for the Red Cross came their way. They determined the concept unfeasible as it stood. An improved design sporting a sailing canoe sail rig did however strike a spark as a possible profit making venture. From that humble beginning the Sailfish was born. After Bryan's wife, Aileen Bryan suggested a boat with a small cockpit where she could put her feet, the design was updated to the Sunfish.

The kit boat niche
The first Sailfish were offered in the form of detailed drawings for the backyard builder or as a finished, ready-to-sail boat, built by the Alcort shop. In the course of growing their business, Cortlandt and Alex had the revelation to kit the boat by supplying pre-cut pieces, all the necessary fittings, and inclusion of the sail thereby making backyard construction more appealing to an even wider range of would-be boat builders. Sunfish first appeared as either a DIY kit or a finished boat. Of the two designs, only the Sailfish was originally a blueprint plan boat.

Waypoints

 * For the 1960 model year, Sunfish became available in a fiberglass version for the first time. Alcort shop-built wood boats were phased out around the same period, however, the Sunfish kit boat remained available through the late 1960s.
 * 1971 found a storage compartment added to the rear of the cockpit.
 * 1972 model saw a revision of the rudder blade's shape, the rudder's gudgeon and pintle, a new shape daggerboard, and a switch to a Sunfish designed cockpit bailer. This was a turning point for those pieces of equipment, thereafter referred as "New Style" by owners of Sunfish from that era.
 * Every few years, hardware and sometimes cosmetics and/or sail colors evolve, adding a piece or two of something more contemporary to replace outdated technology or style.
 * In 1969, when AMF took over Sunfish production from Alcort, Inc., one of the expansion strategies was to form the Sunfish (racing) Class Association to help promote the boat through organized sailing competition.
 * In 1989 the fused deck to hull joint was changed from a ½" flat lip protected by an aluminum trim strip to the increased surface area of a rounded gunwale, now more securely bonded using a methacrylate adhesive specially suited for fiberglass.
 * Sail geometry has changed on a couple of occasions, most significantly in 1989 when the "Racing Sail", still 75 ft2 "sail area", but with deeper draft, was made available as an option.
 * In 2010 the last of the Sunfish's wood attributes were superseded when first the rudder and now this year the tiller were changed from wood components to fiberglass and aluminum respectively.
 * The Sunfish was inducted into the American Sailboat Hall of Fame in 1995.
 * Since its introduction in 1952, Sunfish has come under the stewardship of seven successive builders (see Sunfish Builder Chronology below).

Sunfish in racing

For most One-Design Class eligible boats, the number of boats built and the number of boats registered in the racing class are closely related. This makes the boat and the racing Class practically one and the same. The Sunfish is an anomaly to this more familiar symbiotic relationship.

The Sunfish Class Association reported in 2001, Sunfish production had exceeded 300,000 boats. The registrar for One Design sailing in the United States, US Sailing, reported in a 2004 survey, Sunfish Class membership numbered 1,573. This does not mean Sunfish isn’t a preferred race boat. On the contrary, at 1,573 Class members, Sunfish ranks in the upper percentile of boats involved with organized racing in the U.S. It does, however, demonstrate the boat’s above average versatility to suit a broader range of sailing applications.

Fun racing
Recreational, "friendly competition" played a key role in establishing the renowned popularity of the Alcort boat designs. Events of past and present, such as the Connecticut River race, Seattle's Duck Dodge, and the Hampton Roads Sunfish Challenge & Dinghy Distance Race, now in its 10th year, serve as examples of the sort of fun Sunfish sailors have without getting too serious.

Open Class Racing
Sunfish sailors who are more serious about sailing competitions, but who do not have the advantage of a nearby Sunfish fleet, can race their boat against nearly any other make and model of sailboat in "Open Class" events using a handicap system. Sunfish have a base-line Portsmouth handicap of 99.6.

One-Design Racing (ISCA)
One Design racing uses nearly identical boats so the competition is based purely on sailing skill. One Design Classes are watched over by a governing body who assure conformity.

 * The International Sunfish Class Association – development

 * In 1969 AMF was instrumental in forming the Sunfish (racing) Class Association.
 * In 1984 the Sunfish Class became recognized by the International Yacht Racing Union,
 * today known as the International Sailing Federation (ISAF).
 * A year later the Sunfish Class went independent as the International Sunfish Class Association (ISCA)
 * Sunfish gained Pan American Games status in 1999 and has maintained recognition in following years
 * International Masters was held outside the United States, in the Netherlands, for the first time in 2005.
 * There are three continental and nine national championships regularly.
 * Sunfish fleets are active in 28 countries around the globe.

Sunfish 60th Anniversary
To celebrate 60 years of Sunfish, current builder Laser Performance designed a 60th Anniversary edition of the Sunfish to celebrate the diverse history of the boat and the sailors that love it. LaserPerformance also hosted a Sunfish 60th Anniversary Celebration at Noyes Pond in Massachusetts, the home of Sunfish designer Al Bryan, that gathered over 100 people sailing old and new Sunfish.

Super Sunfish
In the 1960s, a member of the New Canaan, Conn. Sunfish Fleet, John Black Lee, independently experimented with a conventional sail rig for the Sunfish. He developed a high-aspect ratio sail that worked on the Sunfish hull and christened his design the Formula S. The high aspect ratio sail plan has better upwind performance characteristics over the lateen sail, changing the boat's handling to point more like other Bermuda rig sailboats in its size. With this configuration, complexity of sail control is elevated by the addition of dynamic outhaul, downhaul, and mainsheet traveller lines.

Lee's concept didn't interest Alcort, Inc. as a production model so he refit conversion boats independently and sparked organization of Formula S fleets. A few years after their 1969 purchase of Alcort, Inc., AMF revisited the idea of a high aspect ratio rig for the Sunfish. AMF did not choose to adopt Lee's Formula S design, they did however, develop their own variation calling it the Super Sunfish. The existing Formula S fleet eventually became assimilated into the ranks of AMF Super Sunfish fleets.

The Super Sunfish was available from 1974 to 1984. AMF marketed this more conventional sail plan as a performance version of the Sunfish in an attempt to compete with, among others, the newly emerging Laser. Portsmouth handicap numbers, however, place the Laser slightly faster. With its hard chine hull, the Super Sunfish is the more stable boat so it's a tradeoff between the two designs.

The Super Sunfish was offered as a complete package and as a kit to retrofit existing lateen rigged Sunfish. The literature points out the sail systems can be easily swapped on a single Sunfish hull to accommodate different sailors' preferences.

title: Sunfish (sailboat)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wildstyle

Tally: I count 7 delete, 1 keep, and 2 merge/redirect. Accordingly I have deleted Wildstyle. Voting is closed; further edits to this may be ignored. Wile E. Heresiarch 00:51, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Wildstyle
The article reads: Wildstyle is a radio station in the video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. And then there's a list of all the tracks. Bottom-of-the-barrel fancruft. -- Hoary 01:56, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)
 * Delete Mlk 02:24, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Jtrainor 02:26, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete this, but then redirect to Wild Style, which is about a notable movie and is totally unrelated to GTA. I won't make the change now so others can vote. Tuf-Kat 02:30, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * del Mikkalai 02:37, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep UmpireAJS 12:19, 19 Dec 2004 [IST]: It's an article about a component in a video game. What's wrong with that? Make a disambiguation page in case of confusion. Other Radio Station articles seems fine.
 * The idea seems to be that things which aren't famous outside their own game/novel/whatever shouldn't have their own article. That's still no excuse for delete votes though. Merge with the game article or keep. Kappa 07:14, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 07:30, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: expanded slightly. Kappa 07:50, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Two things need to happen. First, Wildstyle should redirect to Wild Style as suggested by Tuf-Kat.  Then, ideally, this content should be merged into an article about the  GTA:VC soundtrack box set; it can't stay here.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 09:05, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree; redirect and, independently, merge per RaD Man. Samaritan 20:47, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Samaritan and RaD Man on what to merge and what to redirect. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 20:35, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge it. Wyss 19:22, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I've made Grand Theft Auto: Vice City soundtrack so Wildstyle could be merged into that. Kappa 00:49, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That sounds good to me. Merge the other fictional radio stations into it, too. And then merge the whole thing into the article on the game. I'm sure it's a very amusing game and all that, but chess it ain't. -- Hoary 06:53, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)
 * Delete: gamecruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:12, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text: File:The 5th Dimension - Up, Up and Away.jpg