text:
Index of Kansas-related articles

The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the U.S. state of Kansas.

0–9

 * 25th meridian west from Washington

A

 * Abortion in Kansas
 * Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819
 * Adjacent states:
 * Colorado
 * Missouri
 * Nebraska
 * Oklahoma
 * Agriculture
 * corn
 * Kansas Department of Agriculture
 * Wheat
 * Wine in Kansas
 * airports
 * Alcohol laws of Kansas
 * American Civil War
 * Kansas military units
 * American West
 * "Old West" or "Wild West"
 * Amusement parks in Kansas
 * Arboreta in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Arboreta in Kansas
 * Archaeology of Kansas
 * Category:Archaeological sites in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Archaeological sites in Kansas
 * Architecture of Kansas
 * area codes, telephone: 316, 620, 785, 913
 * Arkansas River
 * Art museums and galleries in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Art museums and galleries in Kansas
 * Astronomy
 * Astronomical observatories in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Astronomical observatories in Kansas
 * Haviland Crater
 * attorneys general (category)
 * attractions (category)
 * aviation

B

 * Baby Jay
 * Battle of Baxter Springs
 * Battle of Marais des Cygnes
 * Battle of Mine Creek
 * Big Red One
 * birds
 * Bleeding Kansas
 * (Kansas) Board of Regents
 * boarding schools (category)
 * Boeing
 * Botanical gardens in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Botanical gardens in Kansas
 * Boy Scouts of America
 * Scouting in Kansas
 * bridges (category)
 * Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
 * Buildings and structures in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Buildings and structures in Kansas
 * business
 * see economy

C

 * Cannabis in Kansas
 * Capital of the State of Kansas
 * Capital punishment
 * executions by the state
 * Capitol of the State of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Kansas State Capitol
 * First Territorial Capitol of Kansas
 * Cemeteries
 * Census
 * Census-designated places (category)
 * Census statistical areas
 * Cherokee Strip
 * Chisholm Trail
 * Churches (category)
 * Cinemas (category)
 * Cities
 * County seats
 * fictional (category)
 * former (category)
 * ghost towns (category)
 * state capital
 * unincorporated communities (category)
 * Climate of Kansas
 * Climate change in Kansas
 * colleges
 * community colleges
 * Kansas Board of Regents
 * Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs)
 * Communications in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Communications in Kansas
 * companies based in Kansas (category)
 * congressional districts
 * U.S. House of Representatives (District 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
 * congressmen
 * state (category)
 * United States
 * corn
 * counties
 * commons:Category:Counties in Kansas
 * county seats
 * name etymologies
 * craters
 * Haviland crater
 * crime (category)
 * crops
 * see agriculture and other individual topics
 * culture (category)
 * festivals (category)
 * museums (category)
 * restaurants (category)

D

 * Dodge City Community College
 * Dodge City
 * dams
 * Demographics of Kansas
 * desegregation
 * disasters (category)
 * see also natural disasters
 * Dust Bowl

E

 * Economy of Kansas
 * Category:Economy of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Economy of Kansas
 * companies based in Kansas (category)
 * locations by per capita income
 * Education in Kansas
 * Category:Education in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Education in Kansas
 * boarding schools (category)
 * colleges and universities
 * elementary schools (category)
 * high schools
 * Kansas Board of Regents
 * law schools (category)
 * middle schools (category)
 * preparatory schools (category)
 * unified school districts (USD)
 * Eisenhower, President Dwight D.
 * biography
 * Eisenhower Presidential Center
 * Elections in the state of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Kansas elections
 * elementary schools (category)
 * energy
 * facilities (category)
 * Hugoton Natural Gas Area
 * wind power
 * Environment of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Environment of Kansas
 * etymologies
 * county names
 * evolution hearings
 * executions
 * Exodusters

F

 * Farming
 * Festivals in Kansas
 * Kansas State Fair
 * commons:Category:Festivals in Kansas
 * Fiction
 * Fictional characters from Kansas (category)
 * Films set in Kansas
 * Television shows set in Kansas (category)
 * Flag of the state of Kansas
 * Flora of Kansas (category)
 * Forts in Kansas
 * Category:Forts in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Forts in Kansas

G

 * gardens, botanical (category)
 * Geography of Kansas
 * Category:Geography of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Geography of Kansas
 * Geology of Kansas
 * Category:Geology of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Geology of Kansas
 * Ghost towns in Kansas
 * Category:Ghost towns in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Ghost towns in Kansas
 * Golf clubs and courses in Kansas
 * Government of the state of Kansas website
 * Category:Government of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Government of Kansas
 * government agencies
 * Kansas Board of Regents
 * Kansas Department of Agriculture
 * Kansas Highway Patrol
 * state agencies (category)
 * State Library of Kansas
 * Governor of the State of Kansas
 * List of governors of Kansas
 * Great Plains
 * Great Seal of the State of Kansas

H

 * Hamilton Quarry
 * Haviland crater
 * Heritage railroads in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Heritage railroads in Kansas
 * High Plains
 * high schools
 * Highway routes in Kansas
 * Interstate (category)
 * Kansas Highway Patrol
 * state
 * U.S. (category)
 * Highway Patrol of Kansas
 * Hiking trails in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Hiking trails in Kansas
 * historic places
 * forts (category)
 * registered places
 * historical figures
 * History of Kansas
 * Historical outline of Kansas
 * Category:History of Kansas
 * commons:Category:History of Kansas
 * hospitals
 * hotels (category)

I

 * Images of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Kansas
 * Interstate highways (category)
 * Islands in Kansas

J

 * judges
 * state supreme court justices (category)

K

 * Kansas website
 * Category:Kansas
 * commons:Category:Kansas
 * commons:Category:Maps of Kansas
 * Kansas Board of Regents
 * Kansas City Track Association
 * Kansas Department of Agriculture
 * Kansas Forts and Posts
 * Kansas Highway Patrol
 * Kansas–Nebraska Act
 * Kansas one room school
 * Kansas River
 * Kansas Speedway
 * Kansas State Capitol
 * Kansas State Fair
 * Kansas Supreme Court
 * Kansas Territory
 * Kansas Turnpike
 * Kansas University Rangers
 * Kansas Women Attorneys Association
 * Kaw
 * KS – United States Postal Service postal code for the State of Kansas

L

 * Lakes, reservoirs, and dams in Kansas
 * Category:Lakes of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Lakes of Kansas
 * landforms (category)
 * Landmarks in Kansas
 * Category:Landmarks in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Landmarks in Kansas
 * law
 * alcohol laws
 * Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
 * crime (category)
 * desegregation
 * executions by the state
 * Kansas–Nebraska Act
 * law schools (category)
 * lawyers (category)
 * state laws (category)
 * law enforcement
 * Kansas Attorneys General (category)
 * Kansas Highway Patrol
 * state prisons
 * Lecompton, Kansas Territory, disputed territorial capital 1856-1861
 * Lecompton Constitution
 * LGBT rights in Kansas
 * Lists related to the State of Kansas:
 * List of airports in Kansas
 * List of census statistical areas in Kansas
 * List of cities in Kansas
 * List of colleges and universities in Kansas
 * List of companies in Kansas
 * List of counties in Kansas
 * List of dams and reservoirs in Kansas
 * List of forts in Kansas
 * List of ghost towns in Kansas
 * List of governors of Kansas
 * List of high schools in Kansas
 * List of highway routes in Kansas
 * List of hospitals in Kansas
 * List of individuals executed in Kansas
 * List of islands in Kansas
 * List of lakes in Kansas
 * List of law enforcement agencies in Kansas
 * List of museums in Kansas
 * List of National Historic Landmarks in Kansas
 * List of newspapers in Kansas
 * List of people from Kansas
 * List of places in Kansas
 * List of power stations in Kansas
 * List of radio stations in Kansas
 * List of railroads in Kansas
 * List of Registered Historic Places in Kansas
 * List of rivers of Kansas
 * List of school districts in Kansas
 * List of state parks in Kansas
 * List of state prisons in Kansas
 * List of symbols of the State of Kansas
 * List of television stations in Kansas
 * List of United States congressional delegations from Kansas
 * List of United States congressional districts in Kansas
 * List of United States representatives from Kansas
 * List of United States senators from Kansas
 * literature
 * writers (category)
 * Louisiana Purchase of 1803

M

 * malls (category)
 * Maps of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Maps of Kansas
 * mass media (category)
 * mayors (category)
 * meadowlark
 * metropolitan areas
 * Kansas City Metropolitan Area
 * Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)
 * middle schools (category)
 * Midwestern United States
 * military
 * Big Red One
 * Civil War units
 * facilities (category)
 * forts (category)
 * Missouri River
 * Monuments and memorials in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Monuments and memorials in Kansas
 * Mount Sunflower
 * movie theatres (category)
 * municipal universities
 * Museums in Kansas
 * Category:Museums in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Museums in Kansas
 * Music of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Music of Kansas
 * Category:Musical groups from Kansas
 * Category:Musicians from Kansas
 * Category:Music venues in Kansas

N

 * National Wildlife Refuges (category)
 * Native American tribes (category)
 * Natural arches of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Natural arches of Kansas
 * natural disasters (category)
 * tornadoes (category)
 * Natural gas pipelines in Kansas
 * Natural history of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Natural history of Kansas
 * naval ships
 * USS Kansas
 * USS Topeka
 * newspapers

O

 * observatories, astronomical (category)
 * Office of the Kansas Securities Commissioner
 * Old West
 * Oregon Trail
 * Outdoor sculptures in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Outdoor sculptures in Kansas
 * Ozarks

P

 * parks
 * amusement (category)
 * state parks
 * zoological (category)
 * Pawnee, Kansas Territory, first territorial capital 1855
 * People from Kansas
 * List of lists of people from Kansas
 * Category:People from Kansas
 * commons:Category:People from Kansas
 * Category:People by populated place in Kansas
 * Category:People from Kansas by county
 * Category:People from Kansas by occupation
 * Places in Kansas
 * politicians (category)
 * Politics of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Politics of Kansas
 * preparatory schools (category)
 * President Dwight D. Eisenhower
 * biography
 * Eisenhower Presidential Center
 * prisons, state
 * Protected areas of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Protected areas of Kansas

R

 * radio stations
 * Railroad museums in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Railroad museums in Kansas
 * railroads
 * recreational areas (category)
 * regions (category)
 * Registered Historic Places
 * Religion in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Religion in Kansas
 * cemeteries (category)
 * churches (category)
 * Republican Party of Kansas
 * reservoirs
 * restaurants (category)
 * Right Between the Ears
 * rivers
 * Rock formations in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Rock formations in Kansas

S

 * Same-sex marriage in Kansas
 * Santa Fe Trail
 * Santa Fe Trail Remains
 * schools
 * see education
 * Scouting in Kansas
 * seal
 * senators
 * State (category)
 * United States
 * Settlements in Kansas
 * Cities in Kansas
 * Townships in Kansas
 * Census Designated Places in Kansas
 * Other unincorporated communities in Kansas
 * List of ghost towns in Kansas
 * Shawnee Mission, Kansas Territory, territorial capital 1855-1856
 * Ships of the U.S. Navy, USS Kansas
 * Shopping malls (category)
 * Snakes (category)
 * Solar power in Kansas
 * Sports in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Sports in Kansas
 * Sports venues in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Sports venues in Kansas
 * state highways
 * State of Kansas website
 * Government of the State of Kansas
 * Category:Government of Kansas
 * commons:Category:Government of Kansas
 * state parks
 * state prisons
 * state supreme court justices (category)
 * state universities
 * Structures in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Buildings and structures in Kansas
 * Sunflower
 * Symbols of the State of Kansas website
 * Kansas state amphibian: barred tiger salamander (Ambystoma mavortium)
 * Kansas state bird: western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
 * Kansas state fish: channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
 * Kansas state flag: Flag of the State of Kansas
 * Kansas state flower: wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
 * Kansas state insect: western honey bee (Apis mellifera mellifera)
 * Kansas state mammal: American bison (Bison bison)
 * Kansas state motto: Ad astra per aspera  (Latin for To the stars through difficulties)
 * Kansas state nickname: Sunflower State
 * Kansas state reptile: ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata ornata)
 * Kansas state seal: Great Seal of the State of Kansas
 * Kansas state soil: Harney silt loam website (unofficial)
 * Kansas state song: "Home on the Range"
 * Kansas state tree: plains cottonwood (Populus sargentii)
 * United States quarter dollar - Kansas 20052005 KS Proof.png

T

 * Telecommunications in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Communications in Kansas
 * Telephone area codes in Kansas
 * 316, 620, 785, 913
 * television
 * personalities (category)
 * stations
 * television shows set in Kansas (category)
 * Territory of Kansas, 1854–1861
 * Territory of Louisiana, 1805–1812
 * Territory of Missouri, 1812–1821
 * Theatres in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Theatres in Kansas
 * Category:Cinemas and movie theaters in Kansas
 * Topeka, Kansas, territorial and state capital since 1856
 * tornadoes (category)
 * Tourism in Kansas website
 * commons:Category:Tourism in Kansas
 * townships (category)
 * trails, hiking (category)
 * Transportation in Kansas
 * Category:Transportation in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Transport in Kansas
 * Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848
 * 25th meridian west from Washington

U

 * Unified school districts (USD)
 * Unincorporated communities (category)
 * Census-designated places (category)
 * Ghost towns (category)
 * United States of America
 * States of the United States of America
 * United States census statistical areas of Kansas
 * United States congressional delegations from Kansas
 * United States congressional districts in Kansas
 * United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
 * United States District Court for the District of Kansas
 * United States representatives from Kansas
 * United States senators from Kansas
 * Universities
 * U.S. Highways (category)
 * U.S. military facilities (category)
 * U.S. Route 66
 * US-KS – ISO 3166-2:US region code for the State of Kansas
 * USS Kansas
 * USS Topeka

W

 * water companies
 * Water parks in Kansas
 * wheat
 * Wikimedia
 * Wikimedia Commons:Category:Kansas
 * commons:Category:Maps of Kansas
 * Wikinews:Category:Kansas
 * Wikinews:Portal:Kansas
 * Wikipedia Category:Kansas
 * Wikipedia Portal:Kansas
 * WikiProject Kansas
 * Category:WikiProject Kansas articles
 * Category:WikiProject Kansas participants
 * wildlife
 * birds
 * cougar
 * coyote
 * hunting
 * meadowlark
 * National Wildlife Refuges (category)
 * pronghorn
 * snakes
 * white-tailed deer
 * zoos (category)
 * Wild West
 * Wind power in Kansas
 * Wine in Kansas
 * Wolf Creek Nuclear Generating Station
 * writers (category)

Y

 * youth
 * Scouting

Z

 * Zoos in Kansas
 * commons:Category:Zoos in Kansas

title: Index of Kansas-related articles


text:
Talk:Adam Woodyatt

Untitled
Wasn;t Dot Cotton there at the start too? --[[User:Bodnotbod| bodnotbod »  .....TALK Q uietly  )  ]] 11:29, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Not according to the BBC website that I got most of this information from, no. I may have read it wrong though, might be worth checking. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 18:37, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Nope, Dot joined later in 1985, making her first appearance on 4 July 1985, while the show began on 19 February 1985, the first episode featuring both Ian and Pauline. Trampikey 00:17, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Dot also had a lengthy break from the show. (StudentSteve 01:50, 15 March 2006 (UTC))

Keep it clean children.

Administrators: this Wiki has been abused. Please can you double check and edit. Thx

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External links modified
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title: Talk:Adam Woodyatt


text:
Dornier 228

The Dornier 228 is a twin-turboprop STOL utility aircraft, designed and first manufactured by Dornier GmbH (later DASA Dornier, Fairchild-Dornier) from 1981 until 1998. Two hundred and forty-five were built in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. In 1983, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) bought a production licence and manufactured another 125 aircraft in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. In July 2017, 63 aircraft were still in airline service.

In 2009, RUAG started building a Dornier 228 New Generation in Germany. The fuselage, wings and tail unit are manufactured by HAL in Kanpur, India, and transported to Oberpfaffenhofen, where RUAG Aviation carries out aircraft final assembly. The Dornier 228NG uses the same airframe with improved technologies and performances, such as a new five-blade propeller, glass cockpit and longer range. The first delivery was made in September 2010 to a Japanese operator. In 2020, RUAG sold the Dornier 228 program to General Atomics.

Origins

In the late 1970s, Dornier GmbH developed a new kind of wing, the TNT (Tragflügel neuer Technologie – Aerofoil new technology), subsidized by the German Government. Dornier tested it on a modified Do 28D-2 Skyservant and with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-110 turboprop engines. Finally, Dornier changed the engine and tested the new aircraft, which was named Dornier 128 with two Garrett AiResearch TPE-331-5 engines. The company developed a new fuselage for the TNT and TPE 331–5 in two variants (15- and 19-passenger) and named both project-aircraft E-1 (later Dornier 228-100) and E-2 (later Dornier 228-200). At the ILA Berlin Air Show in 1980, Dornier presented the new aircraft to the public. Both of the prototypes were flown on 28 March 1981 and 9 May 1981 for the first time.

After German certification was granted on 18 December 1981, the first Dornier 228-100 entered service in the fleet of Norving in July 1982. The first operator of the larger Dornier 228-200 entered service with Jet Charters in late 1982. Certification from both British and American aviation authorities followed on 17 April and 11 May 1984 respectively. By 1983, the production rate of the Dornier 228 had risen to three aircraft per month; at this point, Dornier had targeted that 300 Dornier 228s would be produced by the end of the 1980s. In November 1983, a major license-production and phased technology-transfer agreement between Dornier and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) was signed; a separate production line was established and produced its first aircraft in 1985. By 2014, a total of 125 Dornier 228s had been produced in India.

Over the years, Dornier offered the 228 in upgraded variants and fitted with optional equipment for performing various special missions. In 1996, it was announced that all manufacturing operations would be transferred to India. In 1998, activity on the German production line was halted, in part to concentrate on the production of the larger Fairchild-Dornier 328 and in response to Dornier's wider financial difficulties.

Dornier 228NG

In 2002, RUAG took over the Services and Components divisions from Fairchild Dornier, including the Dornier 228 production rights. RUAG acquired the Dornier 228 type certificate in 2003. In December 2007, RUAG announced their intention to launch a modernized version of the aircraft, designated as the Dornier 228 Next Generation, or Dornier 228 NG. At the 2008 Berlin Air Show, HAL agreed on supplying the first three components sets — fuselage, wings and tail — for €5 million, as a part of an €80 million ($123 million) ten-year contract. In June 2010, the passenger aircraft was priced at €5.2 million ($7 million), €5.8–5.9 million with JAR-Ops equipment; restarting its production cost €20 million.

On 18 August 2010, the Dornier 228NG received its airworthiness certification from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The final assembly for the type is located in Germany; however, most airframe subassemblies, such as the wings, tail and fuselage, are produced by HAL in India. The main changes from the previous Dornier 228-212 model were a new five-blade propeller made of composite material, more powerful engines and an advanced glass cockpit featuring electronic instrument displays and other avionics improvements.

The first delivery, to the Japanese operator New Central Aviation, took place in September 2010. RUAG decided to suspend production of the Dornier 228 NG after the completion of an initial batch of eight aircraft in 2013. In 2014, RUAG and Tata Group signed an agreement for the latter to become a key supplier of the program. Production was restarted in 2015, with deliveries of four per year planned from 2016. In February 2016, RUAG announced that they were set to begin serial production of the Dornier 228 NG at its German production line in mid-2016; the assembly line is reportedly capable of producing a maximum of 12 aircraft per year.

On 30 September 2020, US firm General Atomics bought the Dornier 228 production line in Oberpfaffenhofen, including the transfer of all 450 employees, pending regulatory approval. The sale was announced on 15 October 2020, and was completed in February 2021.

Hindustan 228
In late 2017, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation issued a type certificate to the Hindustan 228. The aircraft was so far being manufactured under licence from RUAG for Indian defence forces and European markets would now be allowed to operate in India for commercial purposes. The 228 made its public debut in 2020 at the Dubai Airshow. Alliance Air signed an agreement with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to lease two 17-seater Dornier 228 aircraft in September 2021. The first aircraft was delivered to Alliance Air on 7 April 2022. The HAL Dornier 228 had previously only been used by the Indian Armed Forces but was modified by HAL for commercial operations. Alliance Air deployed the aircraft on a new route connecting Dibrugarh, Assam and Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh on 12 April 2022, becoming the first airline to use an Indian-made aircraft in civil aviation operations and the first commercial airline in the country to operate the Dornier 228 aircraft.

Hybrid-electric demonstrators
Supported by Bavarian funding, the German DLR is modifying one of its two Dornier 228 into a demonstrator hybrid electric aircraft. The first fully electric flight is planned for 2020 and the first hybrid-electric flight for 2021, apparently from Cochstedt Airport. Partners include MTU Aero Engines and Siemens, of which Rolls-Royce plc is acquiring the electric propulsion unit.

On 19 January 2023, ZeroAvia flew its Dornier 228 testbed during 10 minutes with one TPE331 turboprop replaced by a prototype hydrogen-electric powertrain in the cabin: two fuel cells and a lithium-ion battery for peak power, towards a certifiable configuration by 2025.

Design

The Dornier 228 is a twin-engine general purpose aircraft, capable of transporting up to 19 passengers or various cargoes. It is powered by a pair of Garrett TPE331 turboprop engines. The Dornier 228 is commonly classified as a Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL)-capable aircraft, being capable of operating from rough runways and in hot climates. This capability has been largely attributed to the type's supercritical wing which generates large amounts of lift at slow speeds. The Dornier 228 is typically promoted for its versatility, low operational costs, and a high level of reliability – possessing a dispatch reliability of 99%. RUAG Aviation have claimed that no other aircraft in the same class may carry as much cargo or as many passengers over a comparable distance as fast as the Dornier 228 NG.

The rectangular shape of the Dornier 228's fuselage section and large side-loading doors make it particularly suitable for utility operators, which is a market that Dornier had targeted with the type from the onset. According to Flight International, one of the more distinguishing features of the Dornier 228 is the supercritical wing used. The structure of the wing is atypical, consisting of a box formed from four integrally-milled alloy panels. Kevlar is used for the ribs, stringers, trailing edge and fowler flaps, and the wing's leading edge is conventional alloy sheet metal. Benefits of this wing over conventional methodology include a 15% reduction in weight, the elimination of 12,000 rivets, and lowering the per-aircraft manufacturing workload by roughly 340 man hours. Both the fuselage and tail are of a conventional design, but make use of chemical milling in order to save weight.

The Dornier 228 has been promoted in various capacities, including as a commuter aircraft, a military transporter, cargo hauler, or as a special missions aircraft. Special missions include maritime surveillance, border patrol, medevac, search and rescue, paradrop and environmental research missions, in which capacity the type has proven useful due to a ten-hour flight endurance, a wide operating range, low operational cost, and varied equipment range. Special equipment available to be installed include a 360-degree surveillance radar, side-looking airborne radar, forward-looking infrared (FLIR) sensor, search light, operator station, real-time datalink, enlarged fuel tanks, satellite uplink, stretches, air-openable roller door, and infrared/ultraviolet sensors. In addition to a 19-seat commuter configuration for airlines, a VIP cabin configuration is also offered; the cabin can also be customized as per each client's specifications. The Dornier 228 is the only aircraft of its class to be fitted with air conditioning as standard.

Dornier 228NG
More than 350 design changes are present between the Dornier 228 and the re-launched Dornier 228 NG. Amongst the principal changes is the adoption of Universal's UNS-1 glass cockpit, which means that standard aircraft are equipped to be flown under single-pilot instrument flight rules (IFR) in addition to visual flight rules (VFR); according to RUAG Aviation, the Dornier 228 NG is the first aircraft in its class to be certified with equivalent electronics. A total of four large displays are used in the cockpit, two primary flight displays and two multifunction displays, to present all key flight data. The navigation system includes VHF omnidirectional range (VOR), distance measuring equipment (DME), automatic direction finder (ADF), radar altimeter, Global Positioning System (GPS), air data computer, and a flight management system. A three-axis autopilot can be optionally incorporated, as can a weather radar and high frequency (HF) radio. While designed for two-pilot operation, the Dornier 228 can be flown by only one crewmember.

Additional changes include the Garrett TPE331-10 engines, which have been optimized to work with the redesigned five-bladed fibre-composite propellers now used by the type, which are more efficient, quick to start, and produces substantially less vibration and noise than the original metal four-bladed predecessor. Through its engines, the Dornier 228 NG has the longest time between overhaul (TBO) of any 19-seat aircraft, reportedly up to 7,000 hours. An engine-indicating and crew-alerting system (EICAS) is also present for safety purposes; additional optional safety equipment akin to much larger passenger aircraft, including airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS) and terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS), can be incorporated as well. At 8,000 ft in clean config, the 228NG burns 360 lb of fuel per hour at a 120 kn cruise.

Operators
In July 2018, 57 aircraft were in airline service. Other operators include police, law enforcement, paramilitary operators and military operators.

By July 2018, the fleet accumulated over four million flight hours.

Accidents and incidents
The Dornier 228 has been involved in 54 aviation accidents and incidents including 41 hull losses. Those resulted in 205 fatalities

title: Dornier 228


text:
QCAD

QCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) software application for 2D design and drafting. It is available for Linux, Apple macOS, Unix and Microsoft Windows. The QCAD GUI is based on the Qt framework.

QCAD is partly released under the GNU General Public License. Precompiled packages are available for 32-bit and 64-bit Linux platforms, Microsoft Windows OS and macOS.

QCAD is developed by RibbonSoft. Development on QCAD began in October 1999, starting with code from CAM Expert. QCAD 2, designed to "make QCAD more productive, more user friendly, more flexible and increase its compatibility with other products" began development in May 2002. QCAD 3 was first released in August 2011 with an ECMAScript (JavaScript) interface as major addition.

Some of the interface and concepts behind QCAD are similar to those of AutoCAD.

QCAD uses the DXF file format internally and to save and import files. Support for the popular DWG file format is available as a commercial plugin based on the Open Design Alliance DWG libraries.

Starting from version 3.7 QCAD is distributed as Professional Trial that works for a limited time, or as Community Edition as source code only, so users need to self compile or remove the QCAD Professional add-on running in trial mode.

Although much of the software source is under the GPL-3.0-or-later license there is also significant functionality not available under a free software license.

QCAD has a large library of different templates.

Multiplatform support
QCAD operates on Linux, macOS [10.7 (Lion) or later], UNIX (FreeBSD, NetBSD), Solaris for x86 and SPARC, and Windows [8, 7, Vista, XP, 2000]. This is of importance for collaboration across a diverse computing environment.

title: QCAD


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Book town

A book town is a town or village with many used book or antiquarian bookstores. These stores, as well as literary festivals, attract bibliophile tourists. Some book towns are members of the International Organisation of Book Towns.

Book towns with known dates of operation

 * Hay-on-Wye, Wales (1962)
 * Redu, Belgium (1984)
 * Dalmellington, Scotland (1997, though the last bookseller closed in 2005, and the project has folded.)
 * Montmorillon, France (2000)
 * Mellösa, Sweden (2001)
 * Sedbergh, England (2003)
 * Blaenavon, Wales (28 June 2003, though the project had folded by March 2006.)
 * Brownville, Nebraska, U.S. (2004)
 * Hobart, NY, U.S. – Book Village of the Catskills (2005)
 * Torup, Denmark (2006)
 * Kampung Buku Melaka, Malaysia (17 April 2007)
 * Urueña, Spain (2007)
 * Bellprat, Spain (2008)
 * Esquelbecq, France (2010)
 * Borrby, Sweden (17 July 2011)
 * Featherston, New Zealand (2015)
 * Bhilar, India (2017)
 * La Pobla de Segur, Spain (2018)

Book towns with unknown dates of operation

 * Timbuktu, Mali

title: Book town


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Talk:Thomas Beecham

Top pic
I pressed the wrong button and reversed the latest contributor's swap of the 1910 photo and the Emu caricature, and then hastily reverted to the status quo ante. But on reflection I think the Emu pic is better at the top. Views gratefully received. - Tim riley (talk) 23:26, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, let's have the Emu one at the top. Rothorpe (talk) 00:12, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

I don't feel strongly, but I thought an actual photo should be first, with drawings, etc. later. Maybe there's a guideline on it. I'm not sure. -- Ssilvers (talk) 21:37, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Ah, yes, larger picture better. Rothorpe (talk) 22:32, 14 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I concur. - Tim riley (talk) 19:56, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

Quinlan and tour
Removed para as peripheral, but, naturally happy to withdraw if a majority of others demur. - Tim riley (talk) 22:52, 15 March 2010 (UTC)

Error in template
The template at the top of this page has 'cleanup' as a verb. This is incorrect and needs to be changed. But I don't know how. Rothorpe (talk) 22:28, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

American recordings
This section threatened to expand disproportionately. Beecham's recorded legacy was principally with the LPO and RPO. I have pruned accordingly, but further trimming of the still rather lengthy American recording para would be advantageous, I think. Views invited on this. - Tim riley (talk) 17:14, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

 * I don't know if this question is stale, considering your recent improvements to the article, Tim, but I trimmed this paragraph a little bit more, just now. Feel free to revert if you think I have over-trimmed it.  All the best.  -- Ssilvers (talk) 19:13, 15 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Looks good to me. Tim riley (talk) 19:15, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Last sentence of 1910-1920
I simplified the sentence and added the "sol" cite. Please check this and make sure you agree - if not, please amend. The sentence previously implied that Beecham stopped conducting because his personal financial affairs had deteriorated, but the next section seems clear that it was because he had to deal with his father's estate. A case could be made that you do not need this sentence at all, as the facts will be entirely repeated in the next section. We don't usually have this type of "transition" sentence that pre-views the next section, even though other types of expository writing prefer them... In any case, kindly review. -- Ssilvers (talk) 02:40, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I think we need a segue here, because I think the Bedford Estate section needs to remain intact, and therefore from 1920 we have got to go back to 1914 to begin the Bedford section. I've tightened up the segue sentence. Tim riley (talk) 19:51, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Looks good.  -- Ssilvers (talk) 00:15, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

Sons
There seems to be some uncertainty about how many sons he had by Utica and who was the heir - the Baronetcy is currently in abeyance. 89.168.80.36 (talk) 16:35, 31 October 2011 (UTC) See the Wikipedia entry 'Beecham Baronets' Talk page item 'Clopton House' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Beecham_baronets 86.187.160.105 (talk) 20:49, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

Rite of Spring
Beecham shared Monteux's private dislike of the piece, much preferring Petrushka.[39]

Although this was true at the end of Monteux's life (or rather he tired of the piece), I don't think his 'dislike' started right after the premiere... Cg2p0B0u8m (talk) 22:46, 7 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I'll look up the reference, but I don't think I misremember Monteux's remark in his old age apropos of the Rite, "I did not like it then, and I do not like it now." Tim riley (talk) 22:54, 7 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Don’t worry: I am not planning to change anything. I was querying whether there is a citation of Monteux saying this at the time that Beecham was involved in the ballet seasons, or if it was later. It seems as if this is ’hindsight’ as recounted to Doris 50 years on. I don't blame him. Cg2p0B0u8m (talk) 21:57, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
 * It's a good point. I wrote most of the article several years ago, and I'll need to check my sources. I have Monteux on my to-do list. He is, IMO, the most neglected great conductor of his, or perhaps any, generation. Does anyone assert that Beecham, Toscanini, Klemperer, Furtwängler was finer? I have him, as I say, on my to-do list, and hope to get him up to GA or FA. Tim riley (talk) 23:04, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
 * thank you for mentioning your intention to expand the article on Monteux. I was already thinking the same and have collected quite a few references. He is a very important musician. Cg2p0B0u8m (talk) 23:24, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
 * I have tracked down the Monteux quote about The Rite. It is from Reid's 1961 biography of Beecham, p. 145: "I did not like Le Sacre then. I have conducted it fifty times since. I do not like it now." Tim riley (talk) 13:33, 18 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for bothering to find the exact quote - as I say, I don't dispute it but it sounds like hindsight. If you read Doris you will find other 'comments' which may raise your eyebrows. Cg2p0B0u8m (talk) 22:16, 19 March 2012 (UTC)

Odeon Recordings
In 1912, between Beecham's Gramophone Company sessions and his start with the UK Columbia he recorded six sides in a single session with Odeon Records. Not sure if this is worth mentioning in the article or not. Source: Beecham: A Centenary Discography by Michael Gray, pg 3.  Them From  Space  17:08, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * There is a separate article on Beecham's recordings, which is in need of a good deal of work to bring it up to the standard of similar articles for other conductors, e.g. Georg Solti discography. I think adding the Odeon details, and anything else of which you have details, to the discography article would be a valuable addition. Mention of the Odeon recordings in the main Beecham article might perhaps be a bit too specialised for the reader. Tim riley (talk) 07:00, 19 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Thought it might be too trivial for a FA, which is why I brought it to the talkpage. I might work on the discography article if I ever get to steady editing again (this place can be too stressful for my well being, hence longterm wikibreaks).  Them From  Space  23:06, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Did he never study an instrument?
The article says nothing about this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.95.43.249 (talk) 19:41, 13 November 2013 (UTC)

 * I came here to make the exact same point.
 * I've just read Charles Reid's Thomas Beecham: An Independent Biography, 1961, in which quite a lot of space is given to his early piano studies, his ambition to become a concert pianist, his natural facility with the instrument, and his phenomenal memory which enabled him to play anything asked of him, and beautifully. His career was foiled when he sprained and permanently injured his wrist by lifting heavy bags onto a train during his honeymoon in 1903. (Apparently, in A Mingled Chime, Beecham attributes the injury to "overstrain in piano practice or a blow from a cricket ball".) Afterwards he could never play for more than 20 minutes before "an incapacitating cramp or partial paralysis of the lower arm" set in.  From this, he "drifted into conducting".  It seems as important a matter to mention as Robert Schumann's aborted career as a concert pianist, likewise put to an end by an injury to his hand.  --   Jack of Oz   [pleasantries]  22:31, 22 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I've added a sentence.  Tim riley  talk    06:57, 23 May 2016 (UTC)

Image of Beecham c. 1930s?
A wonderful article indeed, but would it be possible to upload an image of Beecham from the 1930s (one that would survive copyright concerns over at FLC/FAC)? I ask because I'm at work on Draft: Discography of Sibelius symphony cycles and am writing about Beecham's important connection to Jean Sibelius (e.g., saving Legge's butt after the Georg Schnéevoigt debacle on Symphonies Nos. 4 and 6). I don't dabble in image uploads (copyright is a beautiful mystery to me) and so would very much appreciate the assist! EDIT 1: I'm noticing that Yousuf Karsh has a Beecham portrait at National Portrait Gallery, as well as the fact that on his Wikipedia page, there are a number of other portraits from the same period that are considered in the public domain in Canada. EDIT 2: This image by Gordon Anthony from 1935 would be ideal, but it doesn't seem like his images have been uploaded on Commons before, I imagine do to copyright concerns. Silence of Järvenpää (talk) 01:47, 21 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thomas Beecham


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Dromichaetes

Dromichaetes (Δρομιχαίτης) was king of the Getae on both sides of the lower Danube (present day Romania and Bulgaria) around 300 BC.

Background

The Getae had been federated in the Odrysian kingdom in the 5th century BC. It is not known how the relations between Getae and Odrysians developed. The Balkan campaigns of Philip II of Macedon between 352 and 340 BC shattered Odrysian authority and the Getae profited from the situation. By the second half of the 4th century, the Getae occupied sites on both banks of the lower Danube and this region flourished as never before. The new Macedonian conquests, secured with considerable military power, caused consternation in the adjoining territories and thus stimulated the political fusion of the Getic tribes.

Name
There is no consensus on the etymology of the name Δρομιχαίτης (Dromichaites). It can be a Greek name (δρόμος "run" + χαιτήεις "long-haired"), a Thracian name, or a Thracian name formed with Greek elements (Δρομο- and Χαιτο-, -χαιτης).

Other people with this name include:

 * a Thracian mercenary soldier in Attica around 300 BC;
 * a Thracian chief helping Antiochus II Theos (261 – 246 BC) at the siege of Kypsela;
 * a general of Mithridates VI Eupator sent with reinforcements in 87 BC to support Archelaus in Athens.

Reign
Not much is known about the reign of Dromichaetes, his court and his kingdom. The most detailed account is provided by two fragments from the history of Diodorus Siculus. But this source must be treated with caution, as the interference of literary motifs lessens its value as historical evidence.

Helis

According to Diodorus, the main residence of Dromichaetes was named Helis. Traditionally, Helis and the kingdom of Dromichaetes have been placed beyond the Danube, in the Romanian Plain. Thus Helis was variously located at Piscul Crăsani on Ialomița River, at Popeşti on Argeş River, at Zimnicea on the left bank of Danube, or identified with one of the several earth-walled fortifications from the Alexandria-Roşiorii de Vede complex. It was also suggested Helis was located in the Moldavian Plateau in a cluster of fortified settlements dated to between the 6th and the 3rd century BC, where two royal treasures were also found at Cucuteni Băiceni and Stânceşti.

The Getic tomb at Sveshtari (discovered in 1982) in the western Ludogorie in Bulgaria is also supposed to have been near the location of Helis. In the vicinity of the mausoleum, the remains of a large ancient city were found along with dozens of Getic mound tombs. The settlement is situated in a natural stronghold, a plateau surrounded like a peninsula by the ravines of Krapinets River. The outer stone wall, up to 4m thick, follows the edges of the peninsula and defends a territory of about 10 hectares. The inner wall, of similar construction, encloses a roughly quadrilateral area of about 5 hectares. The fortified territory was relatively densely occupied by dwellings connected by a network of thoroughfares. Dating finds such as amphorae stamps and coins indicate that this settlement existed between c. 335 and c.  250 BC.

The settlement enjoyed economic prosperity and sustained active trade relations with the Greek colonies in the Aegean and the Black Sea region. Imported goods were found in abundance: Attic black-glazed ceramics, amphorae from Thassos, Sinope and Heraclea Pontica and pottery of probably West-Pontic colonial origin. It was also an important production centre with metalworking, bone and pottery workshops.

The war with Lysimachus

In 313 BC, during the Third War of the Diadochi, the Greek colonies of the western Black Sea shores revolted against Lysimachus, a former general of Alexander the Great, and expelled the military garrisons imposed by him. Lysimachus besieged successively Odessus and Histria and forced them to capitulate. A peace treaty was drawn up in 311, but the siege of Callatis continued until 310 or 309 BC. No other action of Lysimachus is known north of Haemus until the clash with Dromichaetes in the 290s BC.

The evidence for the conflict is incomplete and contradictory, although attested by a number of ancient authors. It was probably provoked by the territorial expansion of Lysimachus and the control of the Greek colonies was perhaps the issue at stake.

The two fragments of Diodorus' history suggest two separate campaigns. During the first the Getae captured Agathocles, the son of Lysimachus, but later set him free hoping to recover the territories lost to Lysimachus. During the second Lysimachus himself was taken prisoner and then released under similar conditions. However Pausanias, mentioning the same two episodes, implies they are parallel versions of one and the same event.

The campaign in which Lysimachus fell captive to the Getae is dated by scholars variously between 294 and 291 BC. Lysimachus invaded with significant forces and his offensive enjoyed some early success before ending in disaster. According to Polyaenus, Seuthes, a general of Dromichaetes, presented himself as a deserter, deceived Lysimachus and led him into difficult terrain. Attacked by Dromichaetes, the army of Lysimachus was defeated and the king had to surrender.

Diodorus gives our only account of the captivity and subsequent release of Lysimachus. Dromichaetes succeeded in persuading the assembly of his compatriots that the release of the enemy king would bring them greater political advantage than his punishment. Dromichaetes also set out a feast to demonstrate the barbarian ways and the poverty of his people, using different furniture, tableware and food. He then asked Lysimachus:

"Why then, forsaking such ways, a splendid manner of life, and a more glorious kingdom as well, did you desire to come among men who are barbarous and lead a bestial existence, and to a wintry land deficient in cultivated grains and fruit? Why did you force a way against nature to bring an army into such a place as this, where no foreign force can survive in the open?"

- Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, book XXI, chapter 12

Dromichaetes crowned Lysimachus with a wreath and then set him free, after receiving promises of loyalty and friendship and the return of the Getic territories occupied by Lysimachus. As precaution, the Getae held some high-born hostages like Clearchus, the son of the tyrant Dionysius of Heraclea. Lysimachus also had to give his daughter in marriage to Dromichaetes.

Death and burial

The great tomb in Ginina mound near Sveshtari is among the most prominent Thracian tombs with its unique architecture and luxurious decoration. It is dated approximately to the early 3rd century BC. A painted scene, interpreted as either one of heroization or investiture, points to its probable royal character. The man and the woman buried here were tentatively identified with Dromichaetes and his consort. The unfinished details of its sculptured and painted decoration indicate a hasty and premature burial. The woman was probably murdered to accompany her royal husband in the grave.

The Roman historian Justin mentions a large army of Celts defeating both Triballi and Getae before attacking Antigonus Gonatas in 279 BC. Based on this account, Peter Delev argued that Dromichaetes could have fallen in battle against these Celts.

Classical world
The captivity of Lysimachus was echoed in the Classical Greek literature as a moralizing story about the punishment of pride and the virtues of barbarians. Diodorus' story of Dromichaetes' banquet for his royal prisoner is probably a literary device, contrasting Macedonian opulence with Thracian frugality.

Modern world
Dromichaetes is the king of Dacians and the main character in Muntele ("The Mountain"), a play written in 1977 by Dumitru Radu Popescu and a political fable. The identity between the ruler and its people alludes to Ceauşescu's cult of personality.

Helis Nunatak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after the Getic Helis.

title: Dromichaetes


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Graveyard orbit

A graveyard orbit, also called a junk orbit or disposal orbit, is an orbit that lies away from common operational orbits. One significant graveyard orbit is a supersynchronous orbit well beyond geosynchronous orbit. Some satellites are moved into such orbits at the end of their operational life to reduce the probability of colliding with operational spacecraft and generating space debris.

Overview
A graveyard orbit is used when the change in velocity required to perform a de-orbit maneuver is too large. De-orbiting a geostationary satellite requires a delta-v of about 1500 m/s, whereas re-orbiting it to a graveyard orbit only requires about 11 m/s.

For satellites in geostationary orbit and geosynchronous orbits, the graveyard orbit is a few hundred kilometers beyond the operational orbit. The transfer to a graveyard orbit beyond geostationary orbit requires the same amount of fuel as a satellite needs for about three months of stationkeeping. It also requires a reliable attitude control during the transfer maneuver. While most satellite operators plan to perform such a maneuver at the end of their satellites' operational lives, through 2005 only about one-third succeeded. Given the economic value of the positions at geosynchronous altitude, unless premature spacecraft failure precludes it, satellites are moved to a graveyard orbit prior to decommissioning.

According to the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) the minimum perigee altitude $$\Delta{H} \,$$ beyond the geostationary orbit is:
 * $$\Delta{H} = 235\mbox{ km} + \left ( 1000 C_R \frac{A}{m} \right )\mbox{ km}$$

where $$C_R \,$$ is the solar radiation pressure coefficient and $$\frac{A}{m} \,$$ is the aspect area [m2] to mass [kg] ratio of the satellite. This formula includes about 200 km for the GEO-protected zone to also permit orbit maneuvers in GEO without interference with the graveyard orbit. Another 35 km of tolerance must be allowed for the effects of gravitational perturbations (primarily solar and lunar). The remaining part of the equation considers the effects of the solar radiation pressure, which depends on the physical parameters of the satellite.

In order to obtain a license to provide telecommunications services in the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires all geostationary satellites launched after March 18, 2002, to commit to moving to a graveyard orbit at the end of their operational lives. U.S. government regulations require a boost, $$\Delta{H}$$, of about 300 km. In 2023 DISH received the first-ever fine by the FCC for failing to de-orbit its EchoStar VII satellite according to the terms of its license.

A spacecraft moved to a graveyard orbit will typically be passivated.

Uncontrolled objects in a near geostationary [Earth] orbit (GEO) exhibit a 53-year cycle of orbital inclination due to the interaction of the Earth's tilt with the lunar orbit. The orbital inclination varies ± 7.4°, at up to 0.8°pa.

Disposal orbit
While the standard geosynchronous satellite graveyard orbit results in an expected orbital lifetime of millions of years, the increasing number of satellites, the launch of microsatellites, and the FCC approval of large megaconstellations of thousands of satellites for launch by 2022 necessitates new approaches for deorbiting to assure earlier removal of the objects once they have reached end-of-life. Contrary to GEO graveyard orbits requiring three months' worth of fuel (delta-V of 11 m/s) to reach, large satellite networks in LEO require orbits that passively decay into the Earth's atmosphere. For example, both OneWeb and SpaceX have committed to the FCC regulatory authorities that decommissioned satellites will decay to a lower orbit – a disposal orbit – where the satellite orbital altitude would decay due to atmospheric drag and then naturally reenter the atmosphere and burn up within one year of end-of-life.

title: Graveyard orbit


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Talk:Clan Kennedy

If anyone has any more information about the kennedy clan, please feel free to add it to the page

Buildings once owned by kennedys or build by them.
Maybole castle Cassillis castle (now the family home) Dunure castle Blairquahan castle Castle Kennedy Dalquahrran castle Culzean Castle Baltersan Castle Greenan Castle Crossraguel Abbey There are many more, they ruled the south west of Scotalnd For centuries and they still have known presence in the area ( i live a mile from the Marquis of Aisla) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.145.240.225 (talk) 23:50, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ken1.jpg
Image:Ken1.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 10:50, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

Should the Irish Kennedys be called a clan?
The clan system doesn't exist in Ireland in the same sense as it does in scotland, although the government recognised a Irish clan charity in 1989, it's more of a retrospective idea. I'm removing the word clan in references to the Irish family unless anyone has an objection. Other articles on other common Irish surnames e.g. McCarthy, O Brien don't use the word clan in their articles at all. Everytime (talk) 15:08, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I dunno what they should be called - but i think the Irish and Scottish content should be moved to separate pages, atleast. It seems like the article was originally about the Scottish clan, dunno how the Irish stuff crept in.--Celtus (talk) 06:07, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Ya its more a scottish page with Irish comments as afterthoughts, i mean an image of a man in a kilt has sweet fa to do with the Irish Kennedys, whom by my reckoning are the more numerous of the Kennedys. Everytime (talk) 13:47, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Regardless of whether the Irish Kennedys are relevent, "Kennedy" is an Irish surname, and "Clan Kennedy" is NOT an Irish surname ... the first sentence of the article is nonsense. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.68.134.1 (talk) 20:58, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Here's why the Irish Kennedys are relevant: The Kennedys of Ulster are the same clan as the Scottish Clan Kennedy; they are a branch of the Scottish clan that migrated to Ulster from Scotland. Many of the Ulster Kennedys subsequently migrated to Dublin, and mixed with the Kennedy family of Dublin, and there's no longer any practical way to sort who of the Dublin Kennedys are descended from the Scottish clan, and who are not. For these reasons (and other related reasons), the Chief of Clan Kennedy has agreed that all the Irish branches of the Kennedy family, including those in Ulster, Dublin, and Cork, are to be considered part of Clan Kennedy of Scotland. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.68.134.1 (talk) 21:09, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Folks, clann is just Gaeilge for family. Fergananim (talk) 15:51, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

Walter Kennedy article
Someone recently copied most of the separate article on poet Walter Kennedy and dumped it under the clan profile - clan chief section. I have removed it. If that person wants to link to the other article fine, please do so. Iain Kennedy (kennedy@one-name.org). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.177.229.140 (talk) 21:37, 6 October 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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"Cunedda is rendered as Cinneidgh in the Celtic language" -No!
No, it most certainly does not! And which Celtic language? There are several. Fergananim (talk) 15:50, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

 * The point I was going to make. The article is a bit all over the place.  For example, it references Cunedda (aka Cunedda ap Edern).  Staying within Wikipedia, the article on Cunedda states the name means "Good Hound/Warrior".  I dunno.  If the origins of the name are Gaelic, there's probably a relationship between primitive Irish "Cunanetas" or "Champion of Wolves" (see Ogham inscriptions at Waterford; probably a cognate of "cunedda") and Clan Kennedy. What I do know is that cinnéididh or cinnéidigh in Irish has two words that can be read as "helmeted head" (ceann, a head, and éide, armour), not ugly or grim-headed.  I raise the points because of the presence of Old Irish in Galloway (the Rhins of Galloway)). Waergenga (talk) 05:11, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clan Kennedy


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Peter Thompson (Medal of Honor)

Peter Thompson (September 1, 1853 – December 3, 1928) was a Scots-American soldier who was awarded a Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

Biography
Thompson was born in Markinch in Fife, Scotland. After emigrating with his family to the United States in 1865, Thompson lived near Pittsburgh, and later in Indiana County, PA, where he worked as a miner. He enlisted in the United States Army in September 1875, serving in the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment's C company from 1875 until 1880. His commanding officer was Capt. Thomas Custer. After an honorable discharge, he resided first in Lead, SD, where he worked at the Homestead Mine. Later he moved to Alzada, MT, where he became a rancher. He married Ruth Boicourt in 1904. They had two children, Susan and Peter Jr., born in 1906 and 1909. Thompson died on December 3, 1928, at Hot Springs, SD, of heart failure.

Little Big Horn
In 1876, while serving under George Armstrong Custer in the eastern Montana Territory, he took part in the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Had his horse not given out on the bluffs above the river as the regiment reached the battlefield, Thompson would have died with Custer. As it was, Thompson and a companion named James Watson fell behind, but continued on toward the river. Unable to rejoin their own company, the two later climbed back up the bluffs and joined surviving elements of the regiment, under Major Marcus Reno. Thompson took part in other parts of the battle and was wounded in the hand and arm. In spite of his wounds, he made trips outside the lines to obtain water for the wounded, an act that gained him one of 24 Medals of Honor awarded for the battle.

After the fight, he was evacuated to Fort Abraham Lincoln by steamboat. When his hand had recovered sufficiently, he wrote a lengthy account of the fighting. Notably, he said he had been in a hiding place from which he had seen Custer near the river, and had also witnessed the beginning of the fight in which Custer was killed. By implication, he may have been the last white man to have seen Custer alive.

Controversy over Thompson's story
Thompson was interviewed by the respected Indian Wars researcher Walter Mason Camp at the Little Bighorn Battlefield in 1909. Camp, who met with Thompson on other occasions and corresponded him for many years, was unable to reconcile Thompson's account with what he had learned from other participants and records. Thompson published his controversial 26,000 word account in his regional newspaper, the Belle Fourche, South Dakota Bee in the spring of 1914. This was an era when a number of old men (or deceased men, through their obituaries) claimed to have been "the last survivor" of Custer's Last Stand. Thompson would later have confrontations with other battle participants, and be accused of being a liar. He was so labeled by one veteran named William Slaper in a 1925 book, A Trooper with Custer, edited by Earl A. Brininstool. Thompson's attempts to prove his claims were frustrated by the unknown whereabouts of James Watson.

Peter Thompson died in Hot Springs, South Dakota, and was interred in the West Lead Cemetery in Lead, South Dakota.

Thompson's story has received significant attention in recent years. Daniel O. Magnussen wrote in 1974 that, while Thompson seemed to have been an honest man, his account was riddled with errors. He speculated that Thompson's memory may have been clouded by hallucinations brought on by stress and his wound. More recently, the publication of Camp's notes has again stimulated interest in Thompson's story, and provided corroboration for many controversial parts of the account. Like Curley's stories of the Little Bighorn, Thompson's account remains a fascinating enigma.

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Private, Company C, 7th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Little Big Horn, Mont., June 25, 1876. Entered service at: Pittsburgh, Pa. Birth: Scotland. Date of issue: October 5, 1878.

Citation:

After having voluntarily brought water to the wounded, in which effort he was shot through the hand, he made two successful trips for the same purpose, notwithstanding remonstrances of his sergeant.

title: Peter Thompson (Medal of Honor)