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Kristen Bell

Kristen Anne Bell (born July 18, 1980) is an American actress. She began her acting career starring in stage productions, while attending the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. She made her Broadway stage debut as Becky Thatcher in the comedy musical The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and appeared in a Broadway revival of The Crucible the following year. She later appeared in the action thriller film Spartan (2004) and received praise for her performance in the television drama film Gracie's Choice (2004).

Bell received a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television for her performance as the title character in the television series Veronica Mars (2004–2007). She reprised the eponymous role in the 2014 film and the 2019 revival. During her time on Veronica Mars, she starred as Mary Lane in the musical film Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical (2005), a role she would later reprise in the New York musical of the same name.

She later starred as Elle Bishop in the superhero drama series Heroes from 2007 to 2008. She voiced the titular narrator in the teen drama series Gossip Girl, reprising the role in the 2021 sequel, and starred as Jeannie van der Hooven, the female lead on the Showtime comedy series House of Lies. She starred in the lead role of Eleanor Shellstrop on the critically acclaimed NBC comedy series The Good Place, receiving a Golden Globe Award nomination for her role. In addition, Bell portrayed the lead role in streaming series The Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window.

Her major breakout film role was the lead role for the horror movie Pulse (2006). Then as the title character in Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008). She has since appeared in a number of comedy films, including Couples Retreat (2009), When in Rome (2010), You Again (2010), The Boss (2016), Bad Moms (2016), and A Bad Moms Christmas (2017). Bell received further recognition for voicing Princess Anna in the Disney animated films Frozen (2013), Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018), and Frozen II (2019).

Early life and family
Bell was born and raised in Huntington Woods, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. Her mother, Lorelei (née Frygier), was a registered nurse, and her father, Tom Bell, was a television news director in Las Vegas. Her mother is of Polish descent, and her father has German, Scottish and Irish ancestry.

At the age of four, Bell stated that she did not like her first name, so her mother encouraged her to use her middle name, Anne, which she used until she attended high school.

Just before her first year of high school, Bell's parents decided to remove her from the public school system. She attended Shrine Catholic High School in nearby Royal Oak, where she took part in the drama and music clubs. Before attending Shrine, she attended Burton Elementary School and Norup Middle School (now known as Norup International School), part of the Berkley School District. At Shrine, she won the starring role in the school's 1997 production of The Wizard of Oz as Dorothy Gale, and appeared in productions of Fiddler on the Roof (1995), Lady, Be Good (1996), and Li'l Abner (1998). In 1998, the year she graduated, she was named the yearbook's "Best Looking Lil' Lady" by senior class vote.

Shortly after her high school graduation, Bell moved to New York City to attend New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, studying musical theater. In 2002, during her senior year, she left a few credits shy of graduating to take a role in the Broadway musical version of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

1992–2003: Early work
In 1992, Bell went to her first audition and won a dual role as a banana and a tree in a suburban Detroit theater's production of Raggedy Ann and Andy. Her mother had established her with an agent before Bell was 13, which allowed her to appear in newspaper advertisements for several Detroit retailers and television commercials. She began private acting lessons. In 1998, she had an uncredited role in the film Polish Wedding.

In 2001, Bell left New York University to play Becky Thatcher in the short-lived Broadway musical of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. That year, she made her credited film debut in Pootie Tang. Her single line of dialogue was cut, and she appears only during the credits.

In 2002, she appeared in the Broadway revival of The Crucible with Liam Neeson, Angela Bettis and Laura Linney. Bell moved to Los Angeles in 2002 because of her friendship with writers Kevin Murphy and Dan Studney, and appeared in a handful of television shows as a special guest, finding trouble gaining a recurring role in a television series. Bell said she "tested like eight times and booked nothing and every show [she] tested for got picked up", including auditions for Skin and a Norm Macdonald series.

In 2003, Bell appeared in FX's The Shield, season 2, episode 1, which aired on January 7, 2003. She appeared in Everwood, season 2 episode 2 as a cheerleader. She co-starred in the film The King and Queen of Moonlight Bay as Alison, a 17-year-old girl who travels to Arizona to reconnect with the father who abandoned her family.

2004–2006: Veronica Mars and other roles
In 2004, Bell earned acclaim for her starring role in the Lifetime television film Gracie's Choice, which received one of the network's highest ratings. She made her debut in a theatrically released film with David Mamet's action thriller Spartan, as Laura Newton, the kidnapped daughter of the U.S. president, acting alongside Val Kilmer. Bell guest-starred on the HBO period drama series Deadwood, in a two-episode story arc ("Bullock Returns to the Camp" and "Suffer the Little Children").

At 24, she won the role of the title character in the UPN noir drama series Veronica Mars, which was launched in the fall of 2004. Created by Rob Thomas, the series starred Bell as the seventeen-year-old anti-establishment high school student and private detective. Bell drew on the parallels between the character of Veronica and her own life, since Bell's parents had divorced and her best friend had also died. The series earned acclaim from critics. Bell's performance earned her the Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television and a nomination for the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama, among numerous others. Some critics asserted that her performance was overlooked, and deserved consideration for a Primetime Emmy Award.

Aside from working on Veronica Mars, Bell starred in Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical, reprising the role she played in the short-lived 2001 Off-Broadway musical. The musical was a spoof of Reefer Madness, the 1936 exploitation film of the same name. Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical debuted on the Showtime network on April 16, 2005. Also in April, Bell starred as Gracie in Fifty Pills, an entry for the Tribeca Film Festival. She appeared in a short independent film called The Receipt and the horror film Roman, which was directed by her Crucible co-star Angela Bettis. Released on August 11, 2006, Pulse starred Bell as the lead Mattie. A remake of the Japanese horror film Kairo, the film grossed US$27.9 million worldwide but garnered negative response from critics. Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter commented, "despite the starring presence of Kristen Bell, [the] young actress has far less interesting material to work with here than she does as [the character] 'Veronica Mars.'"

2007–2011: Film breakthrough and Gossip Girl
Veronica Mars continued on UPN for a second season; for the third season, the show was renewed and appeared on the newly created The CW. On January 19, 2007, CW Entertainment President Dawn Ostroff announced that while she was pleased with the gradual improvement of Veronica Mars ratings, the series would be put on hiatus after February sweeps to air a new reality series, Pussycat Dolls Present. On May 17, 2007, Ostroff announced the cancelation of the series. A two-hour series finale aired in the United States on May 22, 2007, and on June 11, 2007, Thomas officially announced in an email to TV Guide Michael Ausiello that Veronica Mars had been canceled by the CW. A Veronica Mars feature film and comic book series continuation had been discussed, and for a short time there was talk of another collaboration between Bell and creator Thomas that would be unrelated to the Veronica Mars series.

Following the cancellation of Veronica Mars, Bell voiced interest in appearing on Heroes because she was a fan. On July 29, 2007, during a train ride back to Los Angeles from the San Diego Comic-Con with Heroes actors Zachary Quinto and Masi Oka, and writers from the series, the writers had mentioned that if she "ever want[ed] to come on Heroes, give us [writers] a call," to which Bell said she would "love to". Meanwhile, there were discussions about a role on Lost, but Bell turned down the role of Charlotte Staples Lewis. Bell portrayed Elle Bishop on Heroes, a "mysterious young lady" with an "awesome power". She did not have to audition for the role of Elle, who made her first appearance in an October 2007 episode, and appeared in twelve episodes during the run of the series. The casting of Bell, Heroes creator Tim Kring explained, "was not easy to pull off", but because of the large ensemble cast of the series and multiple story arcs, "we found a way to jump into a small window in [Bell's] schedule." Bell lent her voice to the CW series Gossip Girl; she voiced the title character in every episode of the series, appearing in person only for a surprise cameo in the final episode, portraying herself.

Shortly after the cancelation of Veronica Mars in early 2007, Bell filmed on location in Hawaii for a starring role as the title character in the Judd Apatow comedy Forgetting Sarah Marshall. She regarded the improvisational comedy in the film as "a lovely experience". The film, written by and also starring Jason Segel, was released theatrically on April 18, 2008, and greatly increased Bell's profile. Bell lent her voice and likeness to the video game Assassin's Creed, which was released in November 2007 for consoles and April 2008 for the PC. Bell reprised her role of Lucy in Assassin's Creed II, released in November 2009, and again in Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood, released in November 2010. In the spring of 2006, she finished filming the Star Wars-themed comedy Fanboys. Director Kyle Newman received additional funding to shoot new scenes, but the busy schedules of the actors only allowed for filming in September 2007. As a result, the release was delayed until January 14, 2008. Bell starred in the 2009 comedies Serious Moonlight, alongside Meg Ryan, and Couples Retreat, which chronicles four couples who partake in therapy sessions at a tropical island resort. Jason Bateman played her husband. She provided the voice for Cora in Astro Boy. On March 31, 2008, Bell began shooting the Mark Steven Johnson-written Disney film When in Rome on location in Rome and New York; the film was released in 2010. Bell reprised her role as Sarah Marshall for a cameo appearance in the film Get Him to the Greek, a spin-off sequel from Forgetting Sarah Marshall, released June 4, 2010.

Bell co-starred alongside singers Christina Aguilera and Cher in the backstage musical film Burlesque, which was released in November 2010. She had a cameo appearance alongside Anna Paquin in the slasher horror film Scream 4, which was released on April 15, 2011.

2012–2019: Frozen and The Good Place
In 2012, Bell starred in the family drama film Big Miracle. She appeared in the music video for "Madder Red" by Brooklyn experimental rock band Yeasayer. Bell portrayed Mary Magdalene in The Truth & Life Dramatized Audio New Testament Bible, a 22-hour, celebrity-voiced, dramatized audio adaptation of the New Testament that uses the RSV-CE translation.

Bell starred as Jeannie van der Hooven, the female lead on the Showtime comedy series House of Lies, which premiered on January 8, 2012. The series ended on June 12, 2016. Bell appeared in a supporting role in the science-fiction comedy Safety Not Guaranteed (2012). She starred in the drama film The Lifeguard, written and directed by Liz W. Garcia, which began filming in July 2012 and was released in August 2013. She voiced Anna in Frozen, which was released on November 22, 2013. In 2013, for multiple episodes, Bell played Ingrid de Forest, an Eagleton City Councilwoman, on Parks and Recreation.

On March 13, 2013, it was confirmed that a Veronica Mars film would be coming to fruition. Bell and series creator Rob Thomas launched a fundraising campaign to produce the film through Kickstarter and attained the $2 million goal in less than ten hours. The main cast members of the series all reprised their roles in the feature film. Production of the film took place during summer 2013, and it was released theatrically and on video-on-demand on March 14, 2014.

In September 2014, Bell starred with her husband, Dax Shepard, in a commercial for the Samsung Galaxy Tab S. It was so popular (with over 20 million YouTube views) that they did another for the holiday season. The ad agency McKinney was behind both. In 2016, Bell voiced the sloth Priscilla in the animated comedy film Zootopia, and starred as Claire in the comedy film The Boss. Bell starred as Kiki in the 2016 comedy film Bad Moms, a role she reprised in the 2017 sequel, A Bad Moms Christmas. In 2016, Bell began starring as Eleanor Shellstrop in the NBC comedy series The Good Place. For her performance, she received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy, the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy, and the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series, among numerous others.

Also in 2017, she appeared in the biographical comedy-drama The Disaster Artist, the action comedy CHiPs and the comedy How to Be a Latin Lover. In November 2017, she played a housewife (with Dax Shepard as her husband) preparing for a Christmas party in Sia's music video for "Santa's Coming for Us".

In 2018, she began hosting the web series Momsplaining with Kristen Bell, with episodes airing on the Ellen DeGeneres video platform Ellentube. In the series, Bell gives new and expecting mothers tips about motherhood. The title of the series is a pun on the commonly used term "mansplaining". Bell later had the leading role in the Netflix comedy-drama film Like Father. She voiced the character of Jade Wilson in the animated comedy film Teen Titans Go! To the Movies and reprised her voice role as Princess Anna in the animated comedy sequel film Ralph Breaks the Internet.

On September 20, 2018, Hulu confirmed that Bell would reprise her role of Veronica Mars in an 8-episode fourth season of the drama series Veronica Mars, which would premiere in July 2019. In 2019, she again reprised her role of Princess Anna in the video game Kingdom Hearts III and the sequel Frozen II which was released on November 22, 2019. Bell served as host and executive producer on the Disney+ docuseries Encore!, which premiered in November 2019. She made her directorial debut with the eighth episode of the fourth season of The Good Place. The series concluded after its fourth season, airing its final episode in January 2020. At the 25th Critics' Choice Awards, Bell received the #SeeHer Award, which recognizes women who "push boundaries on changing stereotypes and acknowledge the importance of authentic portrayals of women across the entertainment landscape".

2020–present: Established actress
In 2020, Bell published the children's book The World Needs More Purple People, which she co-wrote with Benjamin Hart. Also in 2020, Bell voiced Molly Tillerman in the Apple TV+ animated musical comedy series Central Park, which reunited her with Frozen co-star Josh Gad and Bad Moms co-star Kathryn Hahn. Central Park received a two-season order from Apple and the series premiered on May 29, 2020. In June 2020, it was announced that Bell, who is white, would no longer voice the biracial character of Molly. The role would be re-cast with a black or mixed race actress, with Bell voicing a new role.

In 2021, Bell produces and voices a lead character in the Amazon Prime Video animated musical pre-school series Do, Re, & Mi. She returned to narrate as the titular character of the HBO Max teen drama series Gossip Girl, a soft reboot and sequel to the 2007–2012 series of the same name. Bell starred alongside Kirby Howell-Baptiste as a pair of housewives who created a multi-million dollar coupon scam in the comedy film Queenpins. The film was released to Paramount+ on September 10, 2021.

Her miniseries The Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window was released on Netflix on January 28, 2022. In November 2022, Bell starred in the Amazon Prime movie The People We Hate at the Wedding.

Bell appeared in three episodes of The Tiny Chef Show and serves as the show's executive producer.

Public image
In 2006 and again in 2013, Bell was selected "World's Sexiest Vegetarian" on PETA's yearly poll. She was placed 68 on Maxims 2005 "Hot 100" list, 11 in Maxims 2006 "Hot 100" list, and 46 in Maxim's 2007 "Hot 100" list in which she was stated to have "single-handedly saved The CW from becoming the worst network ever". In 2006, Maxim also placed Bell at the top of the "Fall TV's Criminally Sexy Investigators" List. In 2008, she was ranked 59 on AskMen's Top 99 Women of 2008 List. Reflecting on her admitted popularity with "geeks", Bell was voted the fourth-sexiest woman on TV by the staff at Wizard magazine.

Bell stated she never thought of herself as womanly because "I always play and look and act 10 years younger than I am." However, she said, "Something magical happened when I turned 25—I looked in the mirror and was like, 'You might not get carded for an R-rated movie anymore.' Like I didn't have a little stick figure anymore." Bell has said that many of her characters are tomboys because she was "not homely enough to play the nerdy girl and not nearly pretty enough to play the pretty girl".

Bell has been associated with the idea that "nerdy is the new cool", and she explained, "what was previously perceived as nerdy is now viewed as original. What I like about nerdiness, geekiness, is it doesn't really matter what you're into—it just means you're not a follower." She has also said, "I love nerds. Comic-Con junkies are the tastemakers of tomorrow. Isn't that funny? The tables have turned." Vanessa Juarez of Entertainment Weekly commented that Bell's roles on Veronica Mars, Heroes and as a Star Wars fanatic in Fanboys have "solidif[ied] her placement at the center of the geek universe," while Rodney Rothman stated, "I guess she's cornered the market on losers." Bell's work is often compared to Sarah Michelle Gellar's portrayal of the title character on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter stated that Bell was "arguably the television successor [to Gellar's portrayal of Buffy] when it comes to fighting bad guys." Bell is sometimes confused with Lauren Conrad from The Hills. "Yeah, sometimes fans yell, 'Hey, Lauren' to me, but usually from a distance," said Bell.

Despite "new celebrity" status, Bell claimed that she was not concerned because "no one ever recognizes me anyway". She has said that her friend Hayden Panettiere is more famous than she is and attracts more attention; as Bell explained, "I hang out with Hayden quite a bit—they never take pictures of me. I just step to the side, and I push myself in front of her when she wants to get out of it, or put her in the car."

Bell was a recurring guest on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, appearing in interviews as well as sketches. On The Late Late Show, she shows a humorous hostility towards Craig Ferguson's robot skeleton sidekick Geoff Peterson, claiming that she had wanted to be Ferguson's sidekick on his show and taking it upon herself to cut Peterson down every chance she gets. Both Bell and Peterson appeared with Ferguson during the five Late Late Show episodes filmed in France.

In January 2011, it was announced that Bell would be the new face of Neutrogena.

In 2014, Bell posed nude for the May issue of Allure magazine – alongside Jenna Dewan, Minnie Driver, and Nia Long.

In April 2019, Bell was featured on the cover of Entrepreneur magazine's April–May issue. In the article, she discussed her snack bar company, This Bar Saves Lives, which donates its sales to help feed malnourished children around the globe. In November 2019, Bell and Idina Menzel, who play sisters in Disney's Frozen franchise, received neighboring stars—Bell's was the 2681st and Menzel's was the 2682nd—on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Relationships and family
In 2007, Bell ended a five-year relationship with former fiancé Kevin Mann. She later told Complex magazine that dating "makes me want to vomit. And not out of grossness—OK, a little bit out of grossness, but just nerves... I've always been a serial monogamist."

In late 2007, Bell began dating actor Dax Shepard, who is also from Metro Detroit. They announced their engagement in January 2010. They decided to delay marriage until the state of California passed legislation legalizing same-sex marriage. They co-starred in the 2010 film When in Rome, the 2012 film Hit and Run, and the 2017 film CHiPs. After section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on June 26, 2013, Bell asked Shepard to marry her through Twitter, which he accepted. They were married at the Beverly Hills County Clerk's Office on October 16, 2013. They have two daughters, born in March 2013, and December 2014.

Beliefs, interests, and charity work
At age 11, Bell became a vegetarian. In an interview with PETA, Bell stated, "I have always been an animal lover. I had a hard time disassociating the animals I cuddled with—dogs and cats, for example—from the animals on my plate, and I never really cared for the taste of meat. I always loved my Brussels sprouts!". By 2012 Bell had become vegan with Shepard after watching the documentary Forks Over Knives. During her first pregnancy, she returned to eating dairy products and eggs, however.

During her time in Michigan, Bell fostered animals from the Michigan Humane Society, and she now supports the San Diego-based Helen Woodward Animal Center. Bell often attends fundraisers for the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and other non-profit organizations dedicated to protecting animals. She has had several dogs, including a Welsh Corgi-Chow Chow mix named Lola, a Welsh Corgi-Chihuahua mix named Shakey and a black Labrador Retriever named Sadie, who was 11 years old when she was rescued from Hurricane Katrina and adopted by Bell in 2005.

Bell has stated she is non-religious and identifies as a humanist. She and her husband Dax Shepard are pro-vaccination.

Bell showed support for the Writers Guild of America in the writers' strike, appearing in the picket lines in December 2007, stating, "the writers are just looking for some fairness".

Bell and other Veronica Mars cast members, including Ryan Hansen, are involved with the charity Invisible Children, Inc. The goal of the organization is to create awareness of the plight of Northern Ugandans who are caught in the midst of a civil war between the government and Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army.

Bell supported and campaigned for Barack Obama during the 2008 United States presidential election. Along with Rashida Jones, she visited college campuses in Missouri to discuss the candidates and encourage voter registration.

In 2013, Kristen Bell, along with actors Ryan Devlin, Todd Grinnell, and Ravi Patel, founded the granola bar company This Bar Saves Lives to help fight malnutrition. The business donates food aid in the form of nutrition packets to children in Haiti, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Since its launch, the company has donated more than 10 million packets as of February 2019.

In 2014, Bell launched a Prizeo campaign offering fans a chance to win a date with her in return for donating to Invisible Children, Inc. In 2018, Bell participated in a television advertisement for bone marrow donations, specifically the Gift of Life Marrow Registry. Her actions resulted in several matches that are documented on the Gift of Life website. Bell won a 2020 Webby Special Achievement Award.

In 2023, Bell revealed that she had taken up Brazilian jiu-jitsu and was training under Cesalina Gracie in mother-daughter classes alongside her daughter.

Mental health
In May 2016, Bell stated that she has received treatment for depression and anxiety. She said, "It's important for me to be candid about this so people in a similar situation can realize that they are not worthless and that they do have something to offer."

In an interview with Jimmy Kimmel in August 2018, Bell discussed why she wears scuba gloves while swimming. She stated that she fears the sensation of touching things with water-immersed, wrinkled fingers, otherwise known as "pruney fingers". The gloves have allowed her to swim with her children without fearing touching them.

Entrepreneurship
In 2019, Bell and her husband founded the company Hello Bello that markets plant-based baby care products said to be environmentally friendly and affordable. As of 2021, Hello Bello's estimated annual revenue was $26.1 million a year with 104 employees. In 2020, she partnered to start Happy Dance, a line of vegan CBD products such as eye cream and hand moisturizers. In 2023, Hello Bello filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, blaming years of declining sales and the financial startup crisis. The company is set to be acquired by private equity firm Hildred Capital Management.

title: Kristen Bell


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Johann Uz

Johann Peter Uz (October 3, 1720 – May 12, 1796) was a German poet.

Life
He was born at Ansbach. He studied law in 1739–43 at the university of Halle, where he associated with the Rococo poets Johann Gleim and Johann Nikolaus Götz, and in conjunction with the latter translated the odes of Anacreon (1746).

In 1748 Uz was appointed unpaid secretary to the Justizcollegium, an office he held for twelve years; in 1763 he became assessor to the imperial court of justice at Nuremberg, in 1790 was made a judge.

A monument to Uz stands in the Ansbach Court Garden. It was near this monument, in 1833, that Kaspar Hauser was murdered.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Johann Uz


text:
Talk:List of holidays by country

Initial post
ummmm i was just wondering if anyone knows if thrr is any other holidays in france if so please post - The U.S. holidays are pretty messed up. The other page Holidays in the U.S. is much better. For example, election day is not a holiday for federal employees and Columbus Day usually follows the Monday Holiday Act, which is described much better in the other page. I deleted the election day stuff, but needs more work by someone surer of the topic than I. Also, I'm not sure what makes Loyalty Day an official holiday if it is no longer celebrated. Scarykitty 06:44, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I think all mentions of common holidays should be removed from here, e.g. New Year's Day, Christmas, Easter, Labor day, etc. --Joy [shallot]   21:31, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I disagree with this. New Year's Day is a week later in countries with dominant orthodox churches. Labour day is on different days varying by state/territory in Australia. Also, you would have to look in two places to get a full list for a country. Let's leave it the way it is.

UK Holidays
Easter Sunday, is, er, a Sunday, so surely should not be included in a list of public holidays? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.137.5.129 (talk) 09:59, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

US Holidays
What the heck is Fishy Bill Day?! I spent 10 years in Virginia schools (second through twelfth), and I have never heard of a Fishy Bill Day, much less ever celebrate or otherwise observe it. My child is attending a Virginia Public School, and he has never mentioned a Fishy Bill, nor any of his teachers. Unless someone can provide some sort of proof to such, this is a hoax.

Along the same lines, "Say 'Hi' to Joe Day"? Give me a break.

I have turned on several of my foreign students to Wikipedia to help them do research on things in America that they might seem strange or different. Wikipedia can be and is an important resource. I wished people wouldn't muck it up. --Asacan 17:17, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

I agree - it seems that every single holiday has been mentioned for the States, and some ridiculous ones, whereas other places simple get their public holidays. This page is a mess. France could theoretically follow suit and therefore have 365 saints days. The US has made this page non-consistent.Googly75 (talk) 08:37, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Mardi Gras
Not sure the exact date, but it should probably be on the list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 161.115.86.67 (talk) 16:47, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Portugal holidays
The link from the following portuguese holiday: October 5 - Proclamation of the Republic leads to the article "Easter Proclamation" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic). I'm pretty sure, that is not the reason people in Portugal celebrate this day ;-)

Bulgaria holidays
The "Army Day" link leads to the article "Indian Army Day" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_Day).

A mess
There is a problem with holiday lists: every country has a public holiday list but few have national or religious or such; and 'holidays in...' redirects to 'public holidays in' page. I'd suggest removing all 'public' words from the titles and categories, to give the articles a wider scope.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 15:56, 5 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I support the removal of the word 'public' from the title of pages about "Holidays in Country X". Not every holiday is a public holiday. "Public holidays in Country X" can be a subcategory with the main category "Holidays in Country X". --PFHLai 18:23, 6 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, exactly.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 04:43, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Support, with case by case tact this seems to be of worthy effect to the category names too (propose deletion of "Category:Public holidays" and renaming of "categories:Public holidays in Country X" and "categories:Public holidays by country"). i am a little concerned that an act like despecifying from "public" may open the flood gates to all holidays possibly observed in each country, making the established or "legal holidays" seem less significant in comparison. thus some care need be taken within each of the articles to differentiate. USA has already done this and is in need of the titular change.Some thing 17:11, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * also propose that this thread be moved to the Wikiproject:Holiday discussion page.Some thing 17:29, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

WP:HOLIDAY

Cleanup: use {{main}} templates
Someone needs to change all the "For more information, see Public holidays in country_name" statements at the top of each section to " . —Psychonaut 18:41, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Religious holidays
Religious holidays which may be celebrated by some residents in a country, but not by all, should not be included in "holidays by country". Possibly sections by religion of "holidays which are celebrated by living in most countries" could be added. For example, Hannukah and Eid are not holidays in the United States, Christmas is not a holiday in many countries, and so on. This article would then help to answer the practical problem "is a working day in this country?". The addition of a religious holidays section would help as some organisations and people will not be working on those days even if not a national holiday. Pol098 (talk) 16:00, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

April fool's day?
Surely the US section is using a different definition of the word "holiday" from the rest of the country sections. Is there anyone in any US state who takes April Fool's Day as a holiday? Or even the Vernal Equinox? These are festivals, maybe, (or some of them are) but not holidays in the sense of public holidays. Rachel Pearce (talk) 21:00, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

 * This is an incomplete page, so US just happens to have extremely minor holidays. If you know in depth about the others feel free to add them as wellfor other countries. This page is by no means complete. --EveryDayJoe45 (talk) 03:15, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
 * It should not be completed. These are redundant entries that are already listed in Public holidays in the United States (as provided as well in the link of the united states section in this article). If an edit happened in the other page, duplicate entries in this page won't help. Plus, there are hallmark holiday and awareness holidays which is not considered real public holidays.--Rochelimit (talk) 01:30, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
 * That's a question for this page as a whole, which seems split between two approaches:
 * Provide links to public holiday articles for each specific country
 * Provide lists of public holidays for each specific country, along with the above link.
 * There are advantages and demerits to both; the first method is easier to implement and there's only ONE list that needs updating, so there's no redundancy. The second method is more user-friendly in that the user is able to compare different countries by scrolling up and down the list rather than opening each link individually.  A possibility to make the second method work better could be to use  syntax to make it possible to transclude the holiday list into this article.  Or, perhaps a Template:Public holidays in Countrystan-style approach might work too, and that could be transcluded in both the list of holidays by country AND the individual country's holiday article.
 * -- Joren (talk) 03:11, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Having only one list to update seems like the way to go. Or better yet, maybe have no lists, but have the pages devoted to the individual holidays also include (invisible?) Wikipedia categories (or similar) that place those holidays in lists for the worlds, countries, and subdivisions (e.g., US states) where they are celebrated.  I'm not an expert enough to achieve it, but it would be nice if, through some category-like magic on the Martin Luther King, Jr. Day page, something like "Martin Luther King, Jr. Day (January 17)" automatically appeared (in date order) on a page devoted to the "category" of "New York State holidays in 2011".  Likewise, it would appear for other states (and countries?) and for other years.  — Q uantling (talk | contribs) 18:31, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I prefer Joren's option 1 than option 2, that is providing only the links and removing all list of holidays . Even I actually don't prefer this option, as I prefer removing this entire article. Comparison is not an excuse. Easy comparing can be created by making a table, not a list. You can even compare articles by placing side by side your browsing windows, so easy comparing is not really the main reason why we should keep this article/page improved.
 * If people do maintain this article, you wouldn't see un-updated list like 2009 Bangladesh, typo error like Australia or inconsistent styling like Turkmenistan. Moreover, some people prefer to mention the "moving holidays" as it is when it was written at the given year, while others prefer to mention the requirement of the holiday: e.g. first thursday, first monday, etc. This can be misleading: For example, if you see Liberia in this article, you would think that Decoration Day is celebrated on March 10, but this is wrong, Decoration Day is celebrated on the second Wednesday of March. This is listed correctly on the more official link, Public holidays in Liberia, but not in this article, because the author of Liberia prefer to mention the holiday as it is during the year he wrote the holiday. This also happened in United States, and to make it worst, United States holidays written in here are mere obsolete "Hallmark holidays". This article being full of error, I don't think we should continue updating this article, as this article only becoming a mere redundancy and an incorrect one.
 * Although I have to admit that the fact that some countries doesn't have their own "Public Holidays" article, e.g. Bhutan and the Bahamas and probably many countries in Africa, means that this article provides a safe haven for these holidays.
 * So the more arbitrative solution for this articel is too wait until all countries are provided with their own "Public Holidays in ..." wiki article. When this is achieved, I will remove this article. So let's wait, for the sake of improving Wikipedia's quality.
 * Regarding the Liberia error, I will wait until a week, if somebody didn't do anything, I will remove Liberia list of holidays (provided that Liberia already has Public holidays in Liberia article).--Rochelimit (talk) 04:12, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

Outdated list for People's Republic of China
The list of PRC public holidays is outdated. They changed the holidays act a year ago.—Gniw (Wing) (talk) 15:00, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

SPAIN!
Since the country list looks like it's sorted by country name, how comes that Spain FOLLOWS Sri-Lanka (and not vice-versa)??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.221.69.213 (talk) 13:32, 27 March 2009 (UTC)

we need a list of songs about holidays
Lots of Christmas stuff. Little of others.Civic Cat (talk) 01:12, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

US holidays
Are all those holidays actually "celebrated" as a holiday? Summer Solstice etc. ?

At that rate we will end up with hundreds for each country... Chaosdruid (talk) 09:46, 4 July 2011 (UTC)

Lists or links
I just deleted some of the lists which duplicate the links to Public holidays in X (country). It seems to me that the list should either have all countries' full lists or none. None seems to have been the consensus earlier. If there's a consensus (or no objection) to continue the pattern of no lists, only links I'll delete the other lists. Thank you, SchreiberBike talk 20:47, 15 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I had hoped to see the comparison between countries, but I was disappointed. This article contains mostly links, doesn't make any sense. If you only want to list the links, it shouldn't be an "article" but a "category".--2.246.0.51 (talk) 21:00, 1 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I object. This is largely a "for this country, go here" thing. This creates a situation where one is wading through what appears to be a block of incomplete countries, except for like the last one (Gibraltar). It's very sloppy-looking. 69.161.99.11 (talk) 16:53, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

Number of holidays
It'll be interesting to know how many holidays there are per country. – H T  D  11:28, 3 January 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of holidays by country


text:
User talk:Inge-Lyubov

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
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 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

Black cardamom
Please stop making the same bad change. It is a spice not a vegetable. The term vegetable is ambiguous and not helpful. - Taxman Talk 17:54, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Coffee is not a vegetable
Howdy. Coffee is not a vegetable I'm afraid. Garglebutt / (talk) 22:40, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

Battle of Petrovaradin
Thanks for you good translation from de:... Cinik 16:25, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

Catholic Encyclopedia.
Thank you, thank you for this edit, and all the supporting articles that you created to ensure that wiki has relevant material from the CE. But, please remember when you are creating article to follow the wiki naming conventions, i.e. NO titles like blessed and venerable. I'm partly to blame because I haven't gone back and cleaned the list up so those links aren't in the title. Thanks again, --Reflex Reaction (talk)• 14:58, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Bruchsal
Hi Inge-Lyubov, I saw that you seem to know your way around religious/church expression, at least you're a lot more confident about it that I am. :) I was therefore wondering whether you could take a look at the Religion section in the Bruchsal article.  The city was at times the official seat of the diocese of Speyer and the German article had a lot of special expressions in that section that I am not too familiar with.  Would be nice if you could check me there.  Thanks.  --Mmounties 13:17, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi. I saw you posted changes to the Bruchsal article.  It reads a lot better now. Thank you so much for your help!  --Mmounties 16:18, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Weihe zum Deutschordensmünster
another one for you.... :) How would you translate this?  Thanks.  --Mmounties 05:51, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Ahh, yes that helps. Thank you.  --Mmounties 00:38, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

German-speaking Wikipedians' notice board
Almost forgot, has anyone mentioned this to you yet? It's brand new. If not, check it out. Also the Portal:Germany. We're actually doing something with it now. See you there! --Mmounties 00:43, 11 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I just came here to say the exact same thing, and to thank you for your translation of St. Jacobi, Hamburg! The rest of the Hamburg churches is currently only in Category:Rough translations because the translation request page is so backlogged, but if you feel like doing more of those, it would be great! You can list your finished articles Portal:Germany/New article announcements here if you like, we'll probably link to most of those from the Portal:Germany. Thanks again, and happy editing! Kusma (討論) 01:57, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Translations
Hi, thanks for all of the translations you've been doing! I'm impressed at how quickly you can get them done. It usually takes me several days to translate a medium-sized article. Could I ask one favor, though? When you've finished a translation, could you remove it from the main list at German-English translation requests and leave a note in the section German-English translation requests giving just the link to the original German, the link to the new English, and your signature (four tildes)? We like to keep a record of the translations that have been done. Thanks! Angr/ talk 22:36, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

I gotta say, you're a machine! Thanks much. I'm not on a good machine right now to do it but barnstars are definitely in order. My question is, is there a reason for translating Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumaenien as Dem. Forum of Germans in Romania and not Dem. Forum of the Germans in Romania? I noticed there wsa a lot of links to "of Romania", so inconsistency abounds, but do you have any feelings on this? It's kinda hard to say, since both German and Romanian have cases structure that kinda eliminates the need for a direct article in the form we're used to, and Wikipedia kinda discourages the use of articles in article (:P) names too, and the one you chose sounds better. I'm trying to find an official website where they have there own English translation, with little luck (different world). Anyway, thanks again! I'm impressed. Adam Mathias 04:04, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Please vote to keep CDP-USA userbox
Please consider going to here and voting to keep the CDP-USA userbox. Thanks. Guðsþegn – UTCE – 20:49, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Template talk:Infobox Swiss town
Hi, if you could help me by placing a post on this page under the small font size item in support of my request for larger font size I'd really appreciate it. Thanks already for your help. --Mmounties 18:23, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks like he's going to change it to the same font size as the German infobox. Thanks for your help.  --Mmounties 22:32, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Would you like to help prep Sanssouci for FAC?
Hi Inge-Lyubov, I've promised User:Trebor27trebor to help him turn the red links in this very good article into blue links. That's pretty much the only thing that's keeping the article from having a chance at becoming a FAC. I've asked him to list the needed articles on the Sanssouci Talk page so that we can share the work. He's completed the list and I just looked it over. As you may guess, there are several churches that need an article translation from the corresponding de:wiki pages. Would be terrific if you'd decide to take part in the effort and help us with those (or any of the others that are missing). What do you say? --Mmounties ( Talk )   03:48, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * That's great!!! --Mmounties ( Talk )  [[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|25px]] [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|25px]] 04:46, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Stift
It's me again. This time I need help on how to best translate Stift like in Stiftskirche. Would it be an abbey? Or a Bishopry? You're my expert. :) Thanks already for your help.  --Mmounties ( Talk )    00:39, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Church of the Redeemer
Hallo Inge-Lyubov, vielen Dank für Deine tollen Übersetzungen - ich habe eben die Übersetzung Church of the Redeemer, Sacrow entdeckt, ganz große Klasse. Grüße von Berlin nach Texas --Lienhard Schulz 05:41, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * PS Gerade sehe ich, dass eine Erklärung für Redeemer als Heiland auch bei Redeemer (disambiguation) fehlt - leider ist mein Englisch so schlecht, dass ich das nicht selbst schnell ergänzen kann :-). Nochmals Gruß --Lienhard Schulz 12:17, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

District
I am not too sure with austrian terminology, but we have been translating smaller subsections of municipalities in Germany as burroghs to distinguish them from districts. Agathoclea 19:07, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Gurktaler Alpen
Hi Inge, ich hoffe ich darf dich auf deutsch ansprechen? Mein Englisch ist grausam, lesen und verstehen aber kein Problem.

Kleiner Hinweis zu Gurk (river): du hast aus dem deutschen Artikel die Bezeichnung "Gurktaler Alpen" übernommen. Meines Wissens (und auch laut Artikel Central Eastern Alps) ist die im Englischen übliche Bezeichnung Nock Mountains. Auch im Deutschen wird oft "Nockberge" verwendet, auch wenn das genau genommen nur den westlichen Teil betrifft.

Nur mal so zur Info und für die weiteren Artikel der Region ;-) Falls du antworten möchtest, bitte auf meiner de:-Benutzerseite, ich logge mich nur selten auf en: ein. Gruß, --Popie 18:12, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

F.Y.I
just found commons:Category:Maps of Austrian cities Agathoclea 17:48, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Greetings from Europe
Hi,

It's of course flattering for me to see a translation of an article I haven't even be dreaming of. I'm referring to Siebengemeinden which I was very pleased to see in the English version. If you have any questions or remarks, please feel free to meet me on my German discussion page. All the best --König Alfons der Viertelvorzwölfte 15:53, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Werder (Havel)
Hi. Since you requested translation of Werder (Havel), I thought I'd let you know that I have started it. Any help would, of course, be welcomed. --Fuhghettaboutit 01:49, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to the opera group.
It's good to see a new name appear on the group's list.

Maybe, also, you can help with some of the German opera houses which a group of us have just included in the new List of notable opera companies, which may change to List of important opera companies.

However, some of the information I found for the Nationaltheater Mannheim article completed yesterday came from Google's "wonderful" translation from the existing German article, so I know that I didn't get it all. Maybe you can take a look at it for us and adjust appropriately.

Also, I shall be working on some of the other theatres still in red; anything you find from any German versions would be useful.

Thanks, Vivaverdi 21:03, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Germans in Hungary, Banat Swabians
Hi, I have noticed your nice contributions to the German ethnic groups in Romania, and appreciate all your efforts in translating pages from the German Wiki. I made some minor edits and rephrases to some of them, as well. Here is also something that I posted on the talk page for "Banat Swabians"

The numbers of Danube Swabians livng in hungary now are cited from the German wiki article, but seems to be wrong (see discussion page there). According to the latest Hungarian census(2001), the number of all ethnic Germans (which is not limited to Danube Swabians alone) should be about 120,000 (1.2% of a total population of about 10 million). As such, I think it needs to be corrected, and/or if alternative sources exist, there should another sentence dealing with that and indicating the source, after the official census results are given. As for German mayors in Hungary, I am not sure about that, and this sentence (oddly enough) seems to apply to Romania. The mayor of a major city (Sibiu) is German (see there, and Klaus Johannis), as well as mayors of smaller towns -- see DFDR. There could be more discussion on the topic, but I will leave it here.

I think the article should be re-phrased a bit. Eugen Ivan 20:04, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Talk:Sanssouci
Did you see this? --Mmounties ( Talk )  15:12, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

Tajik alphabet
Thanks for the work :) - FrancisTyers 01:17, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Conrad Gröber
Fyi, I've completed the translation of this biography. Regards-- Chonak 08:21, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Dallas
Attatched automatically using WP:AWB. drumguy8800  C   T  04:34, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Patrona Bavariae
For your projected article, you might consider using part of the following image: RandomCritic 07:27, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Invite to Dallas-Fort Worth Meetup
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AFD on Europe – Democracy – Esperanto
As you created this article, I'd like to inform you that the article Europe – Democracy – Esperanto has been nominated for deletion here. Thanks, Pfainuk talk 14:08, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process  because of the following concern: Notability is not inherited. All information Wikipedia needs about this innately non-notable subject already exists in the Claus von Stauffenberg article. I understand that her husband is considered a hero, which is why he has an article. Why does she?

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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Inge-Lyubov! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:29, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Ján Chryzostom Korec -

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Europe 10,000 Challenge invite
Hi. The WikiProject Europe/The 10,000 Challenge has recently started, based on the UK/Ireland The 10,000 Challenge. The idea is not to record every minor edit, but to create a momentum to motivate editors to produce good content improvements and creations and inspire people to work on more countries than they might otherwise work on. There's also the possibility of establishing smaller country or regional challenges for places like Germany, Italy, the Benelux countries, Iberian Peninsula, Romania, Slovenia etc, much like The 1000 Challenge (Nordic). For this to really work we need diversity and exciting content and editors from a broad range of countries regularly contributing. If you would like to see masses of articles being improved for Europe and your specialist country like WikiProject Africa/The Africa Destubathon, sign up today and once the challenge starts a contest can be organized. This is a way we can target every country of Europe, and steadily vastly improve the encyclopedia. We need numbers to make this work so consider signing up as a participant and also sign under any country sub challenge on the page that you might contribute to! Thank you. -- Ser Amantio di Nicolao Che dicono a Signa?Lo dicono a Signa. 09:06, 6 November 2016 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Kaffee Alt Wien

A tag has been placed on Kaffee Alt Wien requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organization or company, but it does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

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Women in Red World Contest
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Nomination of Joseph of Issachar for deletion
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Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Hog Farm Talk 21:18, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Inge-Lyubov


text: User talk:67.161.248.52

title: User talk:67.161.248.52


text:
User:V3rt1g0

Name: Chad R. Kittel

Born: September 6th, 1979

Approx. Location: Beaver Dam, WI

Personal Website: https://about.me/ckittel

Twitter: @ckittel

Work: Software Engineer @ Microsoft (Former: Director of Software Development @ Trek Bicycle Corporation)

Also: I'm a developer for Lunar Linux (a source-based Linux distribution)

Other Wikipedians I Know

 * Brian Semrad
 * Karsten Huttelmaier
 * Matt Rink
 * Lunar-Linux Related People
 * Sofar
 * Striker

title: User:V3rt1g0


text:
Talk:Social equality

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:37, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 January 2021 and 7 May 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): MeztliG.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:37, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Who are the founders of the philosophic basis of social Equality?
S no word about it here —Preceding unsigned comment added by Doganaktas (talk • contribs) 14:54, 23 April 2008 (UTC)
 * they don't even mention gay rights and they should —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.29.5.15 (talk) 16:49, 12 August 2010 (UTC)
 * They prefer it when you don't identify them. EyePhoenix (talk) 04:35, 8 March 2016 (UTC)

Affirmative Action
That article is currently all about social equality and some phrases auch as positive action are redirected there so I have suggested moving it here and merging. This article should be mainly the lead to the contents of that article. See Talk:Affirmative_action also ~ R.T.G 08:53, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose merge - Social equality and affirmative action are different topics. To put it simply, Social equality is the end and affirmative action is the means. Robofish (talk) 13:40, 8 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Robofish and what is said on the other talk page. These objections have not been addressed; anyone wanting to re-raise the issue should answer them.  I am removing the merge tag.  Blue Rasberry  15:16, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

This article clearly regards 'social equality' as a good thing, and thus is not NPOV. -Simon —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.164.50.100 (talk) 23:37, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

Ok if i add ethnicity?
i see origin and race, but ethnicity isn't listed. thoughts?Paolorausch (talk) 08:12, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

Include species as a category of discrimination
The third sentence of the introduction reads: "For example, advocates of social equality believe in equal justice under law for all people regardless of sex, gender, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, origin, caste or class, income or property, language, religion, convictions, opinions, health, or disability." I propose that this should be changed to: "For example, advocates of social equality believe in equal justice under law for all sentient beings regardless of sex, gender, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, origin, caste or class, income or property, language, religion, convictions, opinions, health, disability or species. Not including non-human animals in our definition of moral patients that should be seen as equal is an inherently speciesist idea. Moral consideration, and therefore the right to be seen as equal, should not be given to just people, but to all beings that have sentience. Sentience is the property that allows a being to experience pain and pleasure, and it is this capacity that ought to give one moral consideration, because causing unnecessary pain to any being able to feel pain is morally wrong by the same standards that inform us that causing unnecessary pain to any human is morally wrong. One could argue that non-human animals are not able to participate in society, and therefore are exempt of social equality, but this argument doesn't hold up because we do include severely mentally disabled people in the stated definition, who also cannot participate in society. The wikipedia definition of society further strengthens my point: "A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction". Firstly, Non-human animals are individuals, because they have individual subjective experiences. Secondly, non-human animals can engage in persistent social interaction, dogs can communicate with us non-verbally by showing different behaviors, and so can pigs and cows. Thus, even if it is required for a category that falls under social equality to have its members be part of society, it can be argued that non-human animals are in fact part of society, mandating that species is included in categories that ought to receive social equality. If you don't want to change the initial definition, I would propose to include some mention of veganism or speciesism in the article. Newfangs (talk) 22:20, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Agree with your arguments and think that they are also correctly justified.
 * Your suggestion was called vandalism and was therefore changed. However, I have reverted this change again. Your suggestion/change should not be wrongly labeled as vandalism, so I support your suggestion. FreakyN (talk) 14:42, 5 July 2021 (UTC)
 * FYI: User talk:2601:647:6100:5D00:B8E4:1283:42CF:8E43 FreakyN (talk) 08:11, 6 July 2021 (UTC)
 * FYI: User talk:2601:647:6100:5D00:B8E4:1283:42CF:8E43 FreakyN (talk) 08:11, 6 July 2021 (UTC)

 * I support your edits based on the language of Wikipedia's Speciesism page and the accepted Wikipedian definition of what constitutes a society.
 * I would suggest though that Wikipedia's page for society could use the addition of a fleshed-out section on non-human animal societies.
 * TomekBotwicz (talk) 19:57, 6 July 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: The Economics of Social Justice and Injustice
— Assignment last updated by CoVo2023 (talk) 03:05, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Social equality


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Big Cool Cat

Big Cool Cat was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Big Cool Cat
Either it's a hoax or utterly obscure. —tregoweth 21:35, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Cartoon Network part is almost certainly a hoax, rest is apparently vanity. User's prior contributions consist of rather unfunny humor inserted into articles (AIDS in Africa: "it's the most terrible epidemic awaiting us Homos on the planet.(By Homos I mean Homo Sapiens)" and List of people who have declined a British honour: "Honor Blackman, Bond girl and actress in The Avengers who ditched the British Austin Powers for the American Dr. Evil", etc.). I can;t believe this article survived as long as it did without a VfD. DreamGuy 22:32, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * Speedy Delete, stealth spam. Wyss 23:19, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Even stealth spam isn't a CSD. Dr Zen 06:29, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Spam is mentioned as a form of vandalism, which is a definite speedy. Wyss 03:32, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It is also very closely defined in the appropriate policy and this doesn't fit it. Dr Zen 04:18, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Dr Zen, do you interpret this article as a good-faith effort to improve Wikipedia? Wyss 14:04, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete --fvw *  23:28, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Fredrik Thordendal

Fredrik Carl Thordendal (born 11 February 1970) is a Swedish musician, best known as the lead guitarist and backing vocalist for the extreme metal band Meshuggah, of which he is a founding member. Along with Meshuggah's rhythm guitarist Mårten Hagström, Thordendal was rated No. 35 by Guitar World in the top 100 greatest heavy metal guitarists of all time.

Meshuggah
Thordendal began his career when he formed "Metallien", a heavily Metallica-influenced band, in his hometown Umeå in 1985. The band later changed their name to Meshuggah and released their first LP Psykisk Testbild in 1989. Beginning as a thrash metal band, Meshuggah's music gradually evolved into a more progressive sound. This sound has become influential on other bands, such as Periphery, whose core member Misha Mansoor was instrumental in coining the term "Djent" in reference to the commonly-utilised technique of playing heavily muted, extended powerchords found within Meshuggah's music. Thordendal has been widely recognized in the metal community for his work with Meshuggah.

Some time in the 90s, before the release of Destroy Erase Improve, Thordendal was involved in a carpentering accident at work where he cut off the tip of his left middle finger; the fingertip was sewn back on, and after a fair degree of re-learning and practicing, he regained full proficiency on guitar within a year or so.

Fredrik Thordendal's Special Defects: Sol Niger Within
Under the name Fredrik Thordendal's Special Defects, Thordendal released a solo album in 1997 titled Sol Niger Within with Ultimate Audio Entertainment. The album was remixed and re-released by Ultimate Audio Entertainment and Relapse Records in 1999 under the title Sol Niger Within version 3.33. The re-release contains two bonus tracks but omits several parts of the original version. SNW's newly mastered version was also released for the first time on vinyl in 2016 by Husaria Records, an American label specializing in audiophile releases; the album's original material was pressed as both lacquer cut variant (500 units) and Direct Metal Mastering variant (500 units). Thordendal also featured on several tracks for drummer Morgan Ågren's Mats/Morgan Band.

With regards to a second Special Defects album Thordendal states "It's actually been messing with my head for years now. I haven't really found the time to get the project going. This is a project that I will work on for a longer time, with no rush whatsoever, to make it the best I possibly can. I'm looking forward to making it because I think it will sound so different from anything I've ever heard before".

Other projects and contributions
Thordendal has featured in numerous side-projects, such as XXX Atomic Toejam with Petter Marklund. The project had released a 7" two-track single "Celebration" under the name Sepülchre Inc., then took the moniker XXX Atomic Toejam and issued an MCD entitled "A Gathering of the Tribes for the First / Last Human Be-In" on Cold Meat Industry and also featured a track on the "Karmanik Collection" compilation. A full-length album was long announced, but never surfaced. Thordendal also played bass for Petter Marklund's solo project Memorandum and together with Marklund remixed tracks on the 1995 compilation album "Ars Moriendi".

In 2010, Thordendal recorded some drum tracks with Morgan Ågren [of Swedish prog-rock band Kaipa] and [Soilwork's] Dirk Verbeuren.

Several of Thordendal's demos have been released on the internet as MP3s or as videos on YouTube. One composition entitled "Demo 33" can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYkSb7wtj0E. "Demo 33" was used to demonstrate Fredrik's MIDI breath controller, which is used on several Meshuggah songs, one being Future Breed Machine. More information regarding the controller can be found at http://www8.tfe.umu.se/personliga/jh/index.html (along with the original "Demo 33" MP3 and other demos of the device). The site was created by Johan Haake, brother of Meshuggah drummer Tomas Haake, and the creator of the original MIDI breath controller. Another demo idea, called "Secrets of the Unknown" can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMUXa6Q7B6I.

Thordendal is also a producer of some note, having produced all of Meshuggah's recent material and also releases for various other bands, Switzerland's Fragment among them.

Thordendal features in the Darkane track "Psychic Pain" from the album Insanity, performing lead guitar. Thordendal also contributed to the song "Asphyxiate" which can be found on Scarve's album Irradiant. He played a guitar solo on the title track of the Devin Townsend Project album Deconstruction.

He also made a contribution towards the soundtrack to the video games Wolfenstein: The New Order, released 2014 and Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus, released 2017.

Playing style and influences
As a guitarist, Thordendal draws attention with his clean, complex lead-playing, inspired by jazz fusion guitarist Allan Holdsworth, and complex rhythm-playing featuring prominent polymetric passages. These characteristics are augmented by his use of seven and eight-string guitars. He has a large contribution to songwriting, as well as providing backing vocals for some songs during live performances.

Thordendal has been quoted as stating that Metallica and Tool as influences on Meshuggah. Meshuggah supported Tool during their U.S. tour in the fall of 2002, where drummer Tomas Haake even guest appearing, playing "Triad" with the band.

Thordendal praises jazz fusion guitarist Wayne Krantz's work with Keith Carlock and Tim Lefebvre, stating that "these guys are the most inspiring band I've heard in a very long time". He has also stated that he listens to Massive Attack and Cult of Luna.

In an interview with Guitar World in 2011 Thordendal stated "My dad always listened to jazz, and I guess that influenced me to learn about improvisation. An improvised solo sounds so much better than a written one. For me, there's not much thinking going on at all, only a reaction to what I'm being told from the inside. And no, I have not had any formal training. When I record my leads, they are usually based on feel and totally ignorant to all laws of music theory. This, of course, is because I just play whatever comes out. There are no rules. But on certain songs, I do have to figure out what scales I need to use to follow chord changes. Since I'm not very good with all the scales, I sometimes have to write parts down and plan things ahead. I usually improvise the first part, then insert the written part and continue to improvise until the end of the solo. It's a very confusing way to do it, but I do whatever it takes to make it sound like I know what I'm doing".

Guitars

Thordendal's current main guitars are Ibanez Custom 8-String M8M which feature RG-shaped or Iceman-shaped alder bodies with 5-piece maple/Bubinga neck-thru necks (29.4" {746.76 mm}), rosewood fingerboards (no inlays), fixed bridge (actually an Ibanez FX-Edge fixed tremolo), one volume, one tone, and one Lundgren Model 8 pickup. The fixed bridge on one of his 8 strings has since been replaced with a Kahler tremolo system. Thordendal also owns a 7-string acoustic guitar, also made by Ibanez. For some time he also used Nevborn guitars. This company made Meshuggah their first 8 string guitars: however these guitars suffered from intonation problems, causing Thordendal to abandon the company and switch to exclusively using Ibanez guitars. On the current North American tour promoting Koloss, he has been using a custom Firebird, Iceman and Explorer type body 8 string, the Stoneman. The Stoneman features a 27" scale length, which Thordendal prefers, as mentioned by his tech in an interview with Premier Guitar. This guitar is in production by the name Ibanez FTM33.

Thordendal utilizes a unique device for his leads, referred to as the MIDI breath controller. He states "I was mainly interested in using it as a dynamics controller. I wanted to start a note at a lower volume and then bring it up, like a saxophonist does. But I've since found that is more or less impossible with a guitar. Since the controller didn't produce the sound I was after, I had to find other ways of using it. It turned out that the only thing that sounded cool was when I blew every single note with it, which generated this weird staccato sound. The first breath controller we made—the one I used on "Future Breed Machine" and "Sublevels" from Destroy Erase Improve—could only control the volume. So Johan Haake and I tried all kinds of things to get closer to what I originally wanted, like adding control over frequencies and distortion. I am really pleased with how the "Missing Time" solo turned out from Sol Niger Within Version 3.33 [the remix CD of the debut album from his side project Fredrik Thordendal's Special Defects]. But I never thought we got close enough, so I sort of gave up on it. A couple of years ago it was for sale to the public, but not any more".

Tuning:

For early Meshuggah releases, Thordendal tuned his 7 strings in B♭ tuning (a half step below standard tuning on a 7-string guitar). He followed suit when he started using 8 string guitars, tuning them down to F tuning (F, B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭,G♭, B♭, E♭). It was explained in an interview that they tuned their guitars this way because in the early days of Meshuggah, before Jens Kidman adopted his signature vocal style, it was easier for him to sing in the key of E♭ or B♭. Occasionally Thordendal deviates from his "standard" tuning: on the songs "Glints Collide", "Organic Shadows", "Perpetual Black Second", "The Hurt That Finds You First" and "Stengah" he tunes his 8 string guitar a half step lower to E, he also tunes it to E♭ on "Nebulous" and "Shed" and even to D on "Obsidian". On "Spasm" he tunes it even lower from that, tuning the lowest string down to B♭ (B♭, B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, B♭, E♭), making the 8th string an octave below the 7th, while "Mind's Mirrors" utilizes the 8th string tuned down to E0.

Guitar strings:

DR Strings, Tite-Fit, LH-9 "Lite & Heavy" set: [.009 – .011 – .016 – .026 – .036 – .046], .052, .070 (stock gauges on the Ibanez M8M signature guitar)

Guitar picks:

Jim Dunlop 1.3mm Primetone Standard w/ grip Jim dunlop 1.00mm Nylon Standard Picks

Amplifiers and effects

 * Fractal Audio Systems Axe-FX II (for all cleans with effects and distorted guitar tones with effects)
 * Fortin custom Meshuggah Amp – (Single Channel 50-Watt, no effects loop, custom designed power transformers) (Ground-up custom built – turret board construction with point to point wiring – First used on 30 October 2016 live show in Toronto)
 * Two Notes Torpedo Live
 * Fortin custom boost pedal – (black stompbox pedal with a "33" logo on it).

Amplifiers and effects used in the past

 * Randall Satan (2016)
 * Fractal Audio AxeFX ULTRA (2010–2016)
 * Line 6 Vetta II Head Units (2005–2008)
 * Line 6 POD Pro (2001–2005)
 * Marshall Valvestate 8200 (1992–2001; for live use only)
 * Mesa/Boogie .50 Caliber+ (1994)
 * Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier (1995–2001; for studio use only)
 * Marshall JCM800
 * Marshall 1960A cab
 * Rocktron Juice Extractor
 * TC Electronic Chorus & Flanger
 * Homemade "Les Amp" Head Unit
 * Homemade 1x12" Cabinet
 * Yamaha Breath Controller
 * Volume Unit (Yamaha BC controlled the amount of volume that the unit would allow through)
 * ADA Rackmount Delay

Discography
Meshuggah
 * Psykisk Testbild (EP, 1989)
 * Contradictions Collapse (1991)
 * None (EP, 1994)
 * Selfcaged (EP, 1995)
 * Destroy Erase Improve (1995)
 * Chaosphere (1998)
 * Nothing (2002)
 * I (EP, 2004)
 * Catch Thirty-Three (2005)
 * Nothing – Re-issue (2006)
 * obZen (2008)
 * Alive (Live Album, 2010)
 * Koloss (2012)
 * Pitch Black (EP, 2013)
 * The Violent Sleep of Reason (2016)
 * Immutable (2022)

Fredrik Thordendal's Special Defects
 * Sol Niger Within (1997)

The Devin Townsend Project
 * Deconstruction (2011) (guest guitarist on "Deconstruction")

Gojira
 * Untitled Sea Shepherd EP (TBA) (guest guitarist on "Of Blood and Salt")

Mattias Eklundh
 * The Smorgasbord (2013) (guest guitarist on "Friedrichs Wahnbriefe")

Scarve
 * Irradiant (2004) (guest solo guitarist on "Asphyxiate")

Mick Gordon
 * Wolfenstein: The New Order (2014) (guest guitarist on "Herr Faust")

Grant the Sun
 * Sylvain (2019) (bass guitarist)

Jakub Zytecki
 * Nothing Lasts, Nothing's Lost (2019) (guest guitarist on "Creature Comfort")

Evan Marien
 * Emar, Vol. 3 (2019) (guest guitarist on "Requiem")

title: Fredrik Thordendal


text:
Talk:Karl August von Hardenberg

Untitled
This one is good to read for non-native-readers ;-)

title: Talk:Karl August von Hardenberg


text:
H. G. Cochran

Henry Grady Cochran, Jr. (August 3, 1923 – June 20, 1986) was Florida Director of the Division of Corrections from 1959 to 1962. He replaced R.O. Culver and was later succeeded by Louie L. Wainwright. He is notable for being the original respondent in the U.S. Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright.

Born in Lake City, Florida, H. G. Cochran served in the United States Army during World War II. He enlisted on October 24, 1942 and served as a private in a field artillery unit. His unit aided in the liberation of the Dachau concentration camp in 1945.

During his tenure as director the first Transition Officers were hired to assist inmates with placement upon release, a male unit was opened in the Florida Correctional Institution, the Apalachee Correctional Institution's West Unit was opened, and the Marion Correctional Institution and Caryville Work Camp were established. Additionally, a new six-digit numbering system to identify inmates was implemented and a new maximum security unit was added to the Florida State Prison in Starke, Florida. The official newsletter of the Florida Division of Corrections, the Correctional Compass, made its debut, and on 1 October 1961, the Division of Corrections assumed responsibility for the administration of all phases of Road Prison operation from the Florida State Road Department. He died in 1986 in Leon County, Florida.

title: H. G. Cochran


text:
Olympics Grounds

Olympics Grounds was a baseball grounds located in Washington, D.C. It was home to the Washington Olympics of the National Association in 1871–1872 and home to the short-lived Washington clubs of 1873 and 1875, including the Washington Blue Legs. It is considered a major league ballpark by those who count the NA as a major league.

The ballfield was located at 16th Street NW (east); 17th Street NW (west); and S Street NW (south); about a mile west-southwest of the eventual site of Griffith Stadium. The neighborhood is now a combination of residences and commercial businesses.

title: Olympics Grounds


text:
Kirtland

Kirtland may refer to:
 * Places
 * Kirtland, Ohio, a city located in Lake County, Ohio, United States
 * Kirtland Temple, the first temple to be built by adherents of the Latter Day Saint movement
 * Kirtland, New Mexico, a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States
 * Kirtland Air Force Base at Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
 * Kirtland Community College, a public college in Northern Michigan.

 * Nature
 * Kirtland Formation, a geological deposit in the U.S. state of New Mexico
 * Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii)
 * Kirtland's snake (Clonophis kirtlandii)

 * People
 * Ben Kirtland, American ice hockey coach for the collegiate team of the University of Connecticut
 * Dorrance Kirtland (1770–1840), U.S. Congressional Representative from New York state
 * Helen Johns Kirtland (1890–1979), American photojournalist and WW I war correspondent
 * Jared Potter Kirtland (1793–1877), U.S. naturalist
 * Roy Carrington Kirtland (1874-1941), U.S. Army officer and aviation pioneer

 * Organizations
 * Kirtland Records, a record label based in Dallas, Texas, United States
 * Kirtland Safety Society, a short-lived, 1837 joint stock company founded and organized by leaders and followers of the then-named Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints

 * Documents
 * Kirtland Egyptian papers (KEP) are a Latter Day Saint collection of documents created in Kirtland, Ohio during 1835 and in Nauvoo, Illinoia during 1842

title: Kirtland


text: User talk:203.113.132.50

title: User talk:203.113.132.50


text:
Category:The Onion

The Onion is a parody newspaper and website, originally published in Madison, Wisconsin (and now in Milwaukee, New York, Chicago, and Boulder, Colorado).

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:The Onion


text:
Houston Public Library

Houston Public Library is the public library system serving Houston, Texas, United States.

Houston Lyceum and the Carnegie Library
The Houston Public Library system traces its founding to the creation of the second Houston Lyceum in 1854. The lyceum was preceded by a debating society, a special-interest mechanics' lyceum, and a circulating library. The lyceum's library eventually split into a separate institution at the end of the 19th century.

In 1892, William Marsh Rice, a Houston businessman and philanthropist who later chartered Rice University, donated $200,000 for the construction of a free public library. The facility opened in 1895 and obtained its own building in 1904 with financial assistance from Andrew Carnegie. Betty Trapp Chapman wrote in The Houston Review that the city's women "were instrumental" in the library's establishment and that the educated women "had long recognized the need for a library to serve the community." Julia Ideson was named its first librarian and she hired one employee. Located at the corner of Travis and McKinney in what is now known as Downtown Houston, it originally housed 10,000 volumes. By 1907, 10,000 Houstonians held accounts at the library. By 1913, the library counted seven persons on its payroll. The city changed the name from Carnegie Library to Houston Public Library in 1921. By this time, they had outgrown their space and relocated several staff members to the Harris County Courthouse. A few years later, the library sold its property to raise money for a larger facility.

Julia Ideson Library
The library board selected a lot once occupied by Thomas M. Bagby, a co-founder of the 1848 Houston Lyceum. They commissioned Cram and Ferguson as design architects, in consultation with William Ward Watkin and Louis A. Glover. The building was completed in two years and at a cost of $500,000. The Spanish Renaissance design draws from regional history, and includes carvings of explorers and missionaries of Texas. The second floor hall lay under a rotunda, fronted by an interior oaken gate with carved columns and entablatures. The new building opened with a collection of more than thirty thousand volumes. The building constructed as Houston's Central Library in 1926 was later named the Julia Ideson Building in her honor.

Carnegie Colored Library
The board for the Houston Carnegie Library had planned for universal access to the facilities. However, those working at the library turned away African-Americans educators who visited in 1907, while ostensibly referring the matter to the trustees. A group of African-American educators led by Ernest O. Smith lobbied local white leaders and the Carnegie Foundation for a library to serve the black community. The Colored Carnegie Library of Houston opened in 1913 with an African American board of trustees and management. It was transferred to the management as a branch library of Houston Public Library in 1921.

On July 31, 1961, the Carnegie Colored Library closed. The library facility required extensive repairs and it was in the path of the Clay Avenue extension project. The branch, auctioned in February 1962 and shortly afterward demolished except for the cornerstone, was replaced by the W. L. D. Johnson Library in Sunnyside, dedicated on June 16, 1964.

Expansion and branch libraries
The library system racially desegregated in 1953. Beforehand, blacks were permitted use of the Colored Carnegie Branch and deposit stations located at a park, a high school, and an elementary school; whites were permitted use of the main library, six branches, two bookmobiles, and several deposit stations. Desegregation occurred after a letter printed in the Houston Informer from several prominent black Houstonians, including Smith v. Allwright plaintiff Lonnie E. Smith, stated they would prefer a voluntary desegregation program despite their likelihood of winning a lawsuit; shortly before the letter was printed, Sweatt v. Painter was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court, which challenged the "separate but equal" legal doctrine. In June 1953, Mayor of Houston Roy Hofheinz told the HPL board that library facilities should no longer be segregated. On August 21, 1953, library facilities for high school students and adults were desegregated – without public announcement to the black community.

The library system now consists of 35 neighborhood libraries, including four regional libraries, the Clayton Library Center for Genealogical Research in the Museum District, and the Central Library in Downtown. Central Library consists of the Julia Ideson Building and the Jesse H. Jones Building, constructed in 1976. Out-of-state users are entitled to access to the Library's resources, after paying a $40 annual fee.

The HPL administrative offices were moved out of the Jones Building, freeing 12600 sqft of space. Lisa Gray, of the Houston Chronicle, said the renovation made the Jones Building "less of a public space devoted to reading, and more of a public space, period." The offices moved to the Marston Building. In 2012, the Marston Building was sold by the City of Houston, and the HPL administrative office moved to the recently restored Julia Ideson Building while other staff offices moved back to the Jones Building.

Additions in the 2000s include McGovern-Stella Link Neighborhood Library (2005), HPL Express Southwest (2008), and HPL Express Discovery Green (2008). A new building for Looscan Neighborhood Library opened in 2007, replacing a 1956 structure.

The Jones Building closed for renovations in 2006 and reopened in 2008. That same year, the Houston Press heralded the project as Houston's best renovation in its annual awards.

In 2010, due to a budget shortfall, the library system reduced its hours. During the same year the system put its decades-old city directories online.

Headquarters
During the Jesse H. Jones Building remodeling the HPL administrative offices moved to the 22000 sqft Marston Building in Neartown Houston. The City of Houston spent $1.3 million to renovate the Marston Building to accommodate HPL staff. Prior to the remodeling, the HPL administrative offices were located in the Jones Building. In 2012 HPL administrative offices moved to the Julia Ideson Building after its historically correct renovation and the addition of a wing which was in the original design, but was not built at the time due to lack of funds. This addition houses the Houston Metropolitan Research Center (HMRC) which is the archival center of the Houston Public Library System. The Marston Building was sold in 2012 by the City of Houston.

Neighborhood libraries
In addition to the Central Library and Clayton Library, there are 32 neighborhood libraries, including five regional libraries, all located within the city of Houston.

 * J. S. Bracewell Neighborhood Library (Southbelt/Ellington)
 * Carnegie Neighborhood Library (Near Northside)
 * Everett Collier Regional Library
 * Patricio Flores Neighborhood Library (Second Ward)
 * Eleanor K. Freed-Montrose Neighborhood Library (Neartown)
 * Eleanor K. Freed-Montrose Neighborhood Library was at 4100 Montrose Boulevard. The library was housed in a former church, the Central Church of Christ. The  bell tower or campanile is located by the front door of the library although the bell is gone, and there is a small colonnade connecting the main church-library building to former church meeting rooms and offices. Facing Montrose Boulevard, the original stained glass window of the church can be seen featuring a dove with an olive branch in its beak.  A modern office building complex in the surrounding area is known as The Campanile, named after the bell tower in the library. In 2013 there were plans for a renovation. However, they were shelved upon consideration of the cost of upgrading the building's infrastructure. Instead, as of 2019, the city is moving forward with plans for a new library facility along Westheimer Road. The facility will be in the multi-purpose Montrose Collective development which will also have retail. In March 2024, the library system closed the church-based Freed-Montrose, stating that concerns about safety were the reason for the closure. The new Freed-Montrose is scheduled to open in fall 2024.
 * Heights Neighborhood Library (Houston Heights)
 * David M. Henington-Alief Regional Library (Alief)
 * Arnold L. Hillendahl Neighborhood Library (Spring Branch)
 * W. L. D. Johnson Neighborhood Library (Sunnyside)
 * J. Frank Jungman Neighborhood Library (Uptown)
 * Belle Sherman Kendall Neighborhood Library (Memorial)
 * Adele Briscoe Looscan Neighborhood Library (River Oaks) - The current building opened in September 2007. The former library, established in 1956, closed on August 27, 2005, and was demolished in February 2006. The previous Looscan branch had around 61,000 visitors in the fiscal year 2005. The original plans for Looscan called for the library to get a $5.4 million renovation. An Upper Kirby group proposed a new site near the Upper Kirby YMCA. Around that period the group Friends of Neighborhood Libraries began raising funds. The replacement library, costing $6.2 million, has twice the staff and two and one half times the size of the previous facility. Friends of Neighborhood Libraries raised one million dollars in four months, and around $2.5 million in total to help fund the new library. The 21000 sqft library, designed by Jackson & Ryan Architects, houses over 60,000 books and is the first city LEED-certified facility. It includes a 120-seat multipurpose meeting room and a 14-seat private conference room. The library has several reading areas, including the Marsha Moody Children's Reading Room, a teenager reading area, and a periodical reading area. The exterior was designed to match visual cues of buildings in the surrounding area, such as the River Oaks Baptist Church and School. The Emily Scott and Joseph Wood Evans Clock Tower, a part of the library's exterior, includes a garden book archive and works of art.
 * Frank O. Mancuso Neighborhood Library
 * Eva Alice McCrane-Kashmere Gardens Neighborhood Library (Kashmere Gardens)
 * John P. McGovern-Stella Link Regional Library (Braeswood Place) - The library, named after physician John P. McGovern, opened on January 8, 2005. The Houston Business Journal awarded the library a Landmark Award for Community Impact in 2006.  In 2007 and 2010 the Houston Press ranked the branch the "Best Public Library Branch."  The McGovern Library closed after Hurricane Harvey hit Houston in 2017. Its tentative reopening is in 2019.
 * Lucile Y. Melcher Neighborhood Library (Pecan Park)
 * Nettie Moody Neighborhood Library (Northside)
 * Oak Forest Neighborhood Library (Oak Forest)
 * Park Place Regional Library (Park Place)
 * Pleasantville Neighborhood Library (Pleasantville)
 * Elizabeth L. Ring Neighborhood Library (Spring Branch)
 * Judson W. Robinson-Westchase Neighborhood Library (Westchase)
 * Scenic Woods Regional Library (Scenic Woods)
 * Beulah Shepard-Acres Homes Neighborhood Library (Acres Homes)
 * Lonnie E. Smith Neighborhood Library (Third Ward)
 * Nena Stanaker Neighborhood Library (Magnolia Park)
 * Sherman E. Stimley-Blue Ridge Neighborhood Library (Blue Ridge)
 * Cliff Tuttle Neighborhood Library (Denver Harbor)
 * William A. Vinson Neighborhood Library
 * Dr. Shannon Walker Neighborhood Library (Westbury). Its namesake is Shannon Walker and it replaced the Frank and Meyer libraries.
 * M. E. Walter Neighborhood Library (Sharpstown)
 * Alice McKean Young Neighborhood Library (Palm Center, near South Park)

Special libraries

 * African American Library at the Gregory School
 * Clayton Library Center for Genealogical Research
 * Houston Metropolitan Research Center

Former locations

 * Colored Carnegie Library (Opened 1912, became HPL branch in 1921, officially closed on July 31, 1961, demolished 1962 and replaced with an extension of Clay Avenue)
 * Morris Frank Library (Fondren Southwest). Replaced by an HPL Express location, which in turn was, in 2023, replaced by the Walker Library.
 * George B. Meyer Neighborhood Library (Meyerland/Westbury) - The library opened in 1962. In 1994 the library received renovations to accommodate disabled people. By 2013 HPL planned to purchase land for a new Meyerland branch with $442,000. HPL spokesperson Sandra Fernandez stated that HPL wants to build a new facility in order to increase the size and parking capacity. There is a proposal to move the library to Westbury Square in Westbury, supported by the Westbury community but opposed by Meyerland residents. In 2015 various proposals on where the replacement library should go were being debated. Prior to Hurricane Harvey in 2017, the Houston community considered the Meyer Branch to be the Houston library in the poorest state of maintenance. Hurricane Harvey gave the library moderate damage, and the city government closed it afterwards, with demolition scheduled. The new library, which will also replace HPL Express Frank, will be at 5505 Belrose on a 2.5 acre plot of land in Westbury.
 * Lakewood Neighborhood Library (Closed 2017 after Hurricane Harvey)
 * Amanda E. Dixon Neighborhood Library (Houston Gardens) (Closed in 2017 after Hurricane Harvey. The old library building was torn down for the new Dixon TechLink.)
 * Fifth Ward Neighborhood Library (Fifth Ward)

Partnership libraries
In addition, HPL has a partnership with the Harris County Public Library's Clear Lake City-County Freeman Branch Library in the Clear Lake City community of Houston.

Also, the Parent Resource Library in the Children's Museum of Houston is considered part of the Houston Public Library system; however, its staff are employed by the museum, rather than the City of Houston.

In partnership with the Harris County Public Library, which will operate the branch, the Kingwood Branch in Kingwood is a "City-County" branch in exchange for $4.2 million to fund the building of a new 30000 sqft facility. At the time of its completion, the existing branch will be converted into a community center.

HPL Express locations
HPL Express locations are library facilities located within existing buildings. Each express location contains three areas: one book center, one computer center, and one classroom facility.

Express locations:
 * HPL Express Discovery Green
 * HPL Express Southwest (opened in fall 2007)
 * HPL Express Vinson (opening fall 2009) - Located in a 42000 sqft facility in the South Post Oak Multi-Service Center, adjacent to the new Vinson Neighborhood Library; the total library facility will be double the size of the original Vinson facility.

Former express locations:
 * Morris Frank Library, an HPL Express Location (Fondren Southwest) - Located in a 12000 sqft section of the first floor of the Brays Oaks Towers. It replaced the formerly standalone Frank Library. In 2023 it was replaced by the Walker Library.

HPL Mobile Express
The HPL Mobile Express is a mobile computer training laboratory.

title: Houston Public Library


text:
Ocean Township

Ocean Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

 * Ocean Township, Ocean County, New Jersey
 * Ocean Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey

title: Ocean Township


text:
User talk:Carpathia

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Carpathia