text:
Rotsee

The Rotsee (previously known as Rootsee) is a natural rowing lake on the northern edge of Lucerne, Switzerland. It is regarded as one of the best rowing venues in the world.

Description and location
The lake and its surrounding area is used for local recreation. All of the lake frontage is a protected area. The lake formed through glacial processes and it is thought that the river Reuss flowed through this valley in between ice ages. There is no notable inflow and virtually no current. Nearby hills protect the lake from wind. It is 2400 m long. These factors make it an ideal rowing venue and German-speaking rower refer to it as Göttersee, which translates as "lake of the gods". The expression was coined at the 1962 World Rowing Championships by a Japanese rowing official.

The Zug–Lucerne railway is located north of the lake. The south side of the lake has residential land use. The Ron is a 10 km creek that is the lake's outflow; it flows into the Reuss at Root.

History
Since 1885, the Rotsee was used for ice cutting, which was stored in insulated cellars lasting until autumn. Up to 80 people were employed, with the ice used by the hotel industry and brewers. This business ceased during the 1910s when refrigerators became more economical. With its proximity to Lucerne, the Rotsee and its surrounding area has been used for local recreation since the mid 18th century. An army ammunition depot next to the Rotsee exploded in 1916, resulting in five deaths and thousands of grenades being thrown in the lake. Recreational divers spotted some grenades during the 1970s and Police divers have since recovered about 1000 grenades from the lake. Police and army last found grenades in 2020 and it is assumed that there are still more explosives in the lake.

Increasing housing in the area, with sewage discharge into the lake, resulted in ecological decline. The sewage treatment plants built at the lake in 1922 and 1929 belonged to the first installations in Switzerland, but the tension about ecological decline peaked in the 1920s. This gave rise to the founding of a society Gesellschaft Pro Rotsee in 1929 with the aim of saving the lake. In 1922, a canal was built that diverted water from the river Reuss into the Rotsee, but since the Reuss was also polluted, this did not significantly improve water quality. Significant improvements were achieved in 1974, when all domestic discharge was diverted to the new sewage treatment plant in Schiltwald (part of Emmen).

The society was eventually given a lease of the lake by the city of Lucerne. The name of the society has since changed to Quartierverein Maihof, which leases the lake to this day.

Rowing
The Swiss national rowing championships, the first regatta on the Rotsee, was hosted in 1933. European Rowing Championships were held here in 1934 and 1947, and again in 2019. The inaugural World Rowing Championships were held in 1962, with subsequent world championships in 1974, 1982 and 2001. The Final Olympic Qualification Regatta (FOQR) was held at the Rotsee in May 2021 as a qualification event for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

The lake is the venue for the final leg of the World Rowing Cup series. When a World Championships is also being held in Lucerne (as happened in 2001) then no World Cup race is held on the lake.

title: Rotsee


text:
Talk:Indigenous Australian art

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 30 January 2019 and 1 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Cozzia234, Lopez0124.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:26, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Questions
Does anyone know what the Colours in aboriginal art mean? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.178.186.12 (talk) 00:50, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * The colours in traditional art were based on plant dyes, ochre etc. The colours usually represent 'country'. But you have to take a spatial perspective to understanid it. The colours aren't as important as the haptic nature of the design. Hence, artists that use acrylics tend to go for very brightly coloured paintings. You can contrast this with say the Papunya movement (using acrylics heavily) vs the Warmun movement (which uses ochre so it's more dark).  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.200.232.245 (talk) 04:39, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

It seems that Aborginal art shares common themes and styles with the Psychedelic art movement, e.i. the use of concentric circles, swirling patters, fractal-like patterns, etc. Like psychedelic art, does aboriginal art originate from a visual representation of a drug-enduced experience? In other words, did aboriginal artists get their inspiration from the use of drugs like the Native Americans' use of Peyote? --Atomicskier 06:21, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The short answer is no. I am not aware of any literature, interviews etc in which any artist has made this suggestion. In general the patterns in most Indigenous art are linked to one of three origins: body painting patterns (often related to rituals); other pre-existing artistic or cultural symbols (for example patterns used to denote particular information, such as people travelling or camping), or interpretations of geography at different scales (for example representations of mountain ranges at one extreme, to patterns in the ground made by the roots of desert yams at the other). hamiltonstone 06:58, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * That's very helpful. Thanks. --Atomicskier 20:59, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

Contemporary Aboriginal Art
This page is almost exclusively devoted to traditional Aboriginal art. Should it be expanded to include contemporary Aboriginal art, or should that be a topic for a separate page?

Fmarkham 01:45, 13 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Well its been expanded to include contemporary artists now.. Cfitzart 06:54, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

With respect, in the interests of accuracy, I disagree with the definition of “Australian Aboriginal art” in the opening paragraph of this article. I will give my reasons, offer an alternative definition and invite comment.

The current definition is:

Australian Aboriginal art refers to art done by Australian Aborigines, covering art that pre-dates European colonisation as well as contemporary art by Aborigines based on traditional culture.

Certainly art done by indigenous peoples before European colonisation must be defined as Australian Aboriginal art. However, I don’t understand how “as well as contemporary art by Aborigines based on traditional culture” is accurate. Are we to understand from the second part of the above definition that it is impossible for non-aboriginal artists to create Australian Aboriginal art? If this is so I welcome an explanation of how a style of art is exclusive.

The following example illustrates my point.

A group of artists is working in the same workshop. An aboriginal artist has two didgeridoos that are going to be decorated with ochre dots based on a traditional culture to create works of art. The aboriginal artist paints the first didgeridoo. It fits the above definition of a piece of Australian Aboriginal art because it is contemporary art by an Aborigine based on traditional culture. The aboriginal artist then asks a nearby non-aboriginal artist to paint the second didgeridoo in a similar way. The non-aboriginal artist paints it. All the artists in the workshop agree that the second didgeridoo is a work of art based on a traditional aboriginal culture. According to the definition in the first paragraph of this article the second didgeridoo is not a piece of Australian Aboriginal art because it is not done by an Aborigine. If it is not Australian Aboriginal art what is it?

With respect I suggest an edit of the definition to read the following:

Australian Aboriginal art refers to art done 1) by Australian Aborigines, covering art that pre-dates European colonisation and 2) contemporary art based on traditional Australian Aboriginal culture.

Your comments are welcome.

Oops! above from --Eric 12:08, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

If there is no objection I intend to alter the definition of what is 'Australian Aboriginal art' to my suggestion above in a couple of days. --Eric 11:52, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

How is an external link to a podcast specifically and solely on the topic of Aboriginal art a "content-free link"? Goliardhk 02:09, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

I think this definition is wrong. I also think it's wrong to even seek a definition of 'Aboriginal art' beyond saying it is ANY art created by an Aboriginal person. You can't define the art any further than that. You could perhaps say what identifies someone as being Australian Aboriginal (ie. they identify themselves as Aboriginal, their community/family identifies them as Aboriginal, they have Aboriginal ancestors), and then mention the main movements and styles of art. Also, I think the term 'modern' Aboriginal art is misleading as it implies Modernist (which of course is true of some artists, but not all contemporary artists). But I'm new here and won't change anything yet. - Dot

Clifford
Is there a reason that this is "Clifford possum" and not "Clifford Possum"? Rmhermen 00:50, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

I guess Clifford is a name taken from a European ancestor while Possum would reflect his skin or dreaming affiliation hence "Clifford Possum". His daughter is also called "Gabriella Possum" but in central Australia, the tribal names change for example, Clifford Possum's last name is Tjapaltjarri but his female descendants take the last name Nungurayyi. There's an intricate connection with the last names as a preventative measure against marrying a person who is too closely related to you. I'd produce the figure when I have the time but the reference is in the Geoffrey Bardon books.

As I understand it, the term "Indigenous Australian art" refers to art both by the Aboriginals and the Torres Straits Islanders. If the term "Aboriginal" is used that implies the exclusion of the artists from the Torres Straits Islands. Jtsey (talk) 03:05, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

Aboriginal co-ops and Exploitation
Hello all, I've added a section on Aboriginal co-ops. I'm glad that the Wikipedia page doesn't have any links to private dealers (yet). So I have added the Aboriginal cooperatives that do have an online presence so readers who are interested in the art don't go to one of the million links of private art dealers when they could go directly to the cooperatives. Some people may ask why the artists sell to the private dealers - well it's because the artists can get money quickkly in an instant whereas with the coops they have to wait until their paintings sell. Ergo, the price the artists sell to the private dealers is cheaper and the dealers can have a good mark-up price.

As for the exploitation bit, the story of the dealer case in Melbourne literally kidnapping the group of artists I think is very important to be noticed. I have seen instances of individuals who happen to know Aboriginal painters selling artworks on Ebay Australia. When you ask for a Certificate of Authenticity, they say "well I've taken 10 photos of this artist doing the painting, isn't that enough?" Well no, when they do it in your kitchen in exchange for receiving booze or quick money then I think that's exploitation. So I do encourage people to cite articles or verifiable cases where exploitation of artists have occurred. On the Yuendumu/Warlu.com website, the history actually mentions why it was established - the artists felt they were exploited. Actually, I'm going to put that in now :-)

There is major debate about exploitation of Indigenous artists, and it is good there is a section on this. However i do not think the fraud element of it should be overstated, hence my recent edit. Happy to discuss if anyone differs. hamiltonstone 07:17, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Allowing Private Dealers Links?
What is the policy regarding allowing links to private dealers and galleries? Are they allowed? I've noticed there are already a couple of links in the External Links section belonging to some private art dealers. Is it fair to have the External Links section populated by the websites of private dealers or would that mean this entry could potentially be too commercialised? I'm going to check the other art movements and see how they handle this. 203.217.63.244 12:51, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Ok, I've checked out the other entries - Australian art, American Art/visual arts of America, Minimalism, Contemporary art. And their external links do not have private dealers' websites. Most have links to national galleries. So I'm going to delete the private dealer links. 203.217.63.244 12:56, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

I've also looked into the archives of the entry - specifically around August 2006, there was a spate of commercial links being added. The links were reverted as Wiki does have a ban against commercial links :-) So that solves this query! 203.217.63.244 13:00, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I am making a second clean-up of commercial gallery links. To others wanting to put links in this page, can I suggest a compromise? Leave the Aboriginal Art Directory link in the 'external links' area (it shouldn't be under Aboriginal Art Movements and Coops, because it isn't either of these things). At least it is a directory of commercial outlets, not one outlet. I have removed the link to Aboriginalartstore.com.au because, even though it has pages containing info about aspects of Aboriginal art, at heart it is one particular retailer, whose main business is selling art. Most for-profit Indigenous art dealers have some information about Indigenous art somewhere on their sites, but I didn't think this really qualifies them to put links in here. I also notice that mostly when these links are put in, they are being placed anonymously. If anyone doesn't like my approach, can you post some discussion here? hamiltonstone 10:46, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

Rainbow Serpent
On the ABC there was a television series called "Around the World in 80 Treasures". One episode went to Australia and NT. There, they showed a rock art of the "Rainbow Serpent" The commentator was surprised because in general we think that it is a colourful serpent. On the rock art it showed a a rainbow arc and that was the serpent. Not rainbow as in colourful but rainbow as in the shape. It might be helpful to this page that a photo of that rock art be included in this page. Like this one http://www.ozoutback.com.au/postcards/postcards_forms/rockpaintings_nt/Source/12.htm 124.168.170.114 08:07, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Thylacine Rock Art
Don't know if this is the right place for this request, but could someone from here contribute a rock art image of a Thylacine to the Thylacine page? It is notable as the art has been found on the mainland of Aus. --Mutley 09:37, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Aerial landscape
I reverted an edit by an unregistered user who removed all mention of aerial landscape. The reasons given were:

(1) claimed concern that the section was placed by a commercial gallery -
 * No; wrong: I placed the section there, and I'm not a commercial gallery; furthermore, I'm registered, while the presuming editor is not.

(2) claim that the aerial landscape aspect of the art is already treated adequately elsewhere -
 * Wrong; nothing that clearly specifies and describes the aerial nature of these landscapes is anywhere in the article except in the deleted section.

It's conceivable that the section needed rewriting, or that its contents would preferably be integrated with other sections of the article, rather than making a separate section. But the simple deletion of its entire content cannot be defended; it impoverishes the article. MdArtLover 17:16, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Commercial links - again
There is ongoing editing and debate (well, editing, anyway) about what links should be included in this piece. I have noticed how lots of sites that are basically online commercial sales outlets of various sorts, often tag themselves - and sometimes describe themselves - as online sources of "information" about Indigenous art. There is usually some info on the site. Sometimes there are even links to this article. However, they are first and foremost commercial outlets, often with little or no information about the actual business behind the sales. Regardless of claims to being sources of info about Indigenous art, I think these sites should not be included, and should be regularly removed as they pop in.

To helpful people wanting to provide links: This article already has a large number of links, including to probably all the most reputable and not-for-profit, longstanding organisations in the Indigenous art community. As a general guide: if they're selling Indigenous paintings online, keep them out of this article: they aren't needed in order for a reader to either learn about Indigenous art from WP, or to find links to more detailed info or images if they are curious. Feel free to discuss here, or cotnact me at my talk page. hamiltonstone (talk) 07:09, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

New External Link added
I moderate the Culture Victoria website and have added an external link to images and videos related to traditional art and artifacts.Eleworth (talk) 05:03, 11 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I'm not sure whether this really belongs here. We try to keep the number of external links to a minimum and where possible favour the writing of text and privision of material as citiations to support article text. Have a look at WP:ELNO and other material in the article to which that links. I'd be interested whether any other editors have a view on this Culture Victoria link. hamiltonstone (talk) 06:50, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

Category Heading
I think there should be a correction to the heading "squashed niga art" as it is highly disrespectful — Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.155.201.39 (talk) 04:59, 17 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Yep. Pretty clearly vandalism. It's gone. Thanks. HiLo48 (talk) 09:13, 17 August 2011 (UTC)

Iconagraphy and symbols - "should be"
Regarding this passage: "Whatever the meaning, interpretations of the icons should be taken in context of the entire painting, the region from which the artist originates, the story behind the painting, the style of the painting...", I don't think that the phrase "should be" is appropriate in an encyclopedia article. Who is the authority for the "should"? A Wikipedia article should have a neutral voice. An article should contain information, not advice or opinion. Omc (talk) 07:20, 28 September 2011 (UTC)

2 or 3 or very few
Aboriginal art in international museums 1) "The Museum for Australian Aboriginal art ...dedicates itself entirely to this kind of art" 2&3) "There are two museums in the world devoted exclusively to Australian Aboriginal art:  the Museum of Contemporary Aboriginal Art located in Utrecht, The Netherlands;[11] and the    Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection of the University of Virginia."

When is a collection a museum? Kluge-Ruhe is a collection, part of the University of Virginia, which has the University of Virginia Art Museum, which has all sorts of art.

QuentinUK (talk) 18:14, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

Torres Strait Islander art
There is currently little representation in this article regarding Torres Strait Islander art. Since Indigenous Australian is a term meant to collectively refer to Aboriginal people and/or Torres Strait Islander people, this article could be improved in two ways that I can see:

1) information about Torres Strait Islander art 2) the opening sentence states that Indigenous Australian art and Aboriginal Australian art are two terms meaning the same thing, when actually it is a broad term that encompasses both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art.

Is there any objection to me making this change to the opening sentence? And does anyone have anything they can contribute to make this article a better representation of information on both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander art?

Thanks! LizLou (talk) 01:23, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Indigenous Australian art. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.balgoart.org.au/art_centre/mainframe.htm,
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20090324035639/http://www.nt.gov.au:80/nreta/museums/exhibitions/natsiaa/index.html to http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/museums/exhibitions/natsiaa/index.html
 * Added tag to http://www.quaibranly.fr/uploads/media/Commande_publique_d__art_aborigene.pdf
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20121129051528/http://www.aamu.nl:80/museum-information to http://www.aamu.nl/museum-information

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 external links on Indigenous Australian art. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131014212057/http://www.ausnatureguides.com/Pages/Carnarvon_Gorge_Pre-hist.html to http://www.ausnatureguides.com/Pages/Carnarvon_Gorge_Pre-hist.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130918081457/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/aboriginal-rock-art-may-depict-first-ship-arrivals.htm to http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/aboriginal-rock-art-may-depict-first-ship-arrivals.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130421120006/http://dec.wa.gov.au/news/7189-creation-of-western-australia-s-100th-national-park.html to http://www.dec.wa.gov.au/news/7189-creation-of-western-australia-s-100th-national-park.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160330114112/http://arts.adelaide.edu.au/linguistics/guide.pdf to https://arts.adelaide.edu.au/linguistics/guide.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140306204406/http://www.quaibranly.fr/en/collections/permanent-collections/oceania.html to http://www.quaibranly.fr/en/collections/permanent-collections/oceania.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130909044758/http://www.aamu.nl/home-us to http://www.aamu.nl/home-us
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130828182936/http://www.virginia.edu/giving/arts/museums-libraries/kluge-ruhe/ to http://www.virginia.edu/giving/arts/museums-libraries/kluge-ruhe/

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Orphaned references in Indigenous Australian art
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Indigenous Australian art's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "nswart": From Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri: Documentation card: "Untitled" (2001) by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri. View online at the Art Gallery of New South Wales From Torres Strait Islanders:

Reference named "japingka": From Torres Strait Islanders:  From Jimmy Baker (Australian artist):

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 07:49, 20 January 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Indigenous Australian art


text:
Muhammad Ali (writer)

Muhammad Ali (محمد علي; 1874 – 13 October 1951) was a British Indian, and a Pakistani writer, scholar, and leading figure of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement.

Biography
Ali was born in Murar, Kapurthala State (now in Ludhiana district, Punjab, India) in 1874. He obtained a Master of Arts in English and a Bachelor of Laws in 1899. He joined the Ahmadiyya Movement in 1897 and dedicated his life to the service of the movement as part of what he saw as a restored and pristine Islam. He died in Karachi on October 13, 1951, and is buried in Lahore.

Marmaduke Pickthall, British Muslim and translator of the Quran into English, wrote a review of Muhammad Ali's book The Religion of Islam when this book was published in 1936. The review was published in the journal Islamic Culture of Hyderabad Deccan (India), whose editor was Pickthall. In this review Pickthall wrote: "Probably no man living has done longer or more valuable service for the cause of Islamic revival than Maulana Muhammad Ali of Lahore. His literary works, with those of the late Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din, have given fame and distinction to the Ahmadiyya Movement. In our opinion the present volume is his finest work. … It is a description of Al-Islam by one well-versed in the Sunna who has on his mind the shame of the Muslim decadence of the past five centuries and in his heart the hope of the revival, of which signs can now be seen on every side.

Such a book is greatly needed at the present day when in many Muslim countries we see persons eager for the reformation and revival of Islam making mistakes through lack of just this knowledge. …

We do not always agree with Muhammad Ali’s conclusions upon minor points — sometimes they appear to us eccentric — but his premises are always sound, we are always conscious of his deep sincerity; and his reverence for the holy Quran is sufficient in itself to guarantee his work in all essentials. There are some, no doubt, who will disagree with his general findings, but they will not be those from whom Al-Islam has anything to hope in the future."

title: Muhammad Ali (writer)


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User talk:Cugel~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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3D Monster Maze
Thank you for your comments. I've posted a reply at the FAC entry, and expanded the article in the directions you've outlined. I'll appreciate further comments there or at the article talk page (or, of course, direct improvements of the article). BACbKA 22:43, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

The article has grown a lot since my last message. Please have a look, and also please look at the talk page there. BTW, Wackymacs, who was one of the original objectors, now says it's good enough for him for re-nomination! --BACbKA 00:07, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

"Obvious Vandalism"?
If you compare the edit history you will find I actually added three lines to the article and removed an image for reasons given in the article history - I did not delete "major portions" (or even anything, if the image is discounted) so please look more closely at the article's history before jumping to any conclusions.

(See also Wikipedia's Assume Good Faith Policy)

Grimhelm 10:22, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, I'll assume good faith (since you're obviously a regular contributor to wikipedia). It did look like you removed major (important) portions from the article, but since it needs to be shortened anyway it could well have been an improvement :-) -- Cugel 17:15, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm glad this is resolved :-) --Grimhelm 17:22, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

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Inés or Inez
Hi, I see you're editing the full name of the new Dutch princess on several places from Inez to Inés. But that's not good either. The right way is Ines (source: http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/content.jsp?objectid=18000 ) Jkk2 11:36, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

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Your account will be renamed
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text:
March 2005 in sports

{| class="infobox" style="width:18em"

Deaths

 * 27 – Bob Casey
 * 26 – Marius Russo
 * 16 – Dick Radatz
 * 13 – Frank House
 * 13 – Danny Gardella
 * 9 – Glenn Davis
 * 6 – Chuck Thompson
 * 5 – Rt Rev David Sheppard
 * 3 – Rinus Michels
 * 2 – Rick Mahler
 * 1 – Brian Luckhurst

Ongoing events

 * 12 February–20 November: NASCAR: Nextel Cup season
 * 28 February–18 April: Cricket: Pakistan tour India
 * 17 Mar-4 April: Basketball: NCAA Tournament
 * 31 Mar-15 May: Cricket: S. Africa tour W. Indies
 * }

31 March 2005 (Thursday)

 * Football (soccer):
 * A UEFA disciplinary panel fines Chelsea manager José Mourinho CHF 20,000 (€13,000, £8,900) for his actions during a recent Champions League tie with Barcelona, and bans him from the touchline for both legs of Chelsea's Champions League quarterfinal tie with Bayern Munich. (UEFA.com)

30 March 2005 (Wednesday)

 * Football (soccer):
 * Israel comes from behind to draw 1–1 with France in a bad-tempered match in Tel Aviv. The Israeli crowd boos the French national anthem, and Fabien Barthez in particular is subject to intimidation, booing and heckling.  French goal-scorer David Trezeguet is sent off after head-butting Israeli defender Tal Ben Haim.  Walid Badir scores Israel's equalizer in the 83rd minute. (Sporting Life)
 * Switzerland scores a late goal to win 1–0 over Cyprus. (Haaretz)
 * The USA defeats Guatemala 2–0 in Birmingham, Alabama. Eddie Johnson leads the way for the Americans by scoring a goal in the 11th minute and assisting Steve Ralston's goal in the 68th minute.  (AP/ESPN)

29 March 2005 (Tuesday)

 * Cricket
 * Australia (383 and 166/1) beat New Zealand (292 and 254) by 9 wickets in the third Test at Auckland. They win the three-Test series 2–0. (Wisden Cricinfo)
 * CIS men's ice hockey
 * The Alberta Golden Bears defeat the Saskatchewan Huskies 4–3 in overtime to win the University Cup.

28 March 2005 (Monday)

 * Cricket
 * Pakistan (570 and 261/2 declared) beat India (449 and 214) by 168 runs in the third Test at Bangalore, drawing the series 1–1. (Wisden Cricinfo)
 * Golf
 * Fred Funk wins the repeatedly weather-delayed Players Championship by one stroke over Luke Donald, Tom Lehman, and Scott Verplank. At 48, Funk is the event's oldest winner in its 32-year history, one year after Adam Scott became its youngest champion ever. (AP/ESPN)

27 March 2005 (Sunday)

 * Rowing – The University of Oxford beat the University of Cambridge by two lengths in a time of 16:42 in the 151st Boat Race (BoatRace.org) (BBC)
 * Basketball – NCAA Tournament, regional finals (regional seeds included; advancing teams in bold):
 * Syracuse Regional:
 * North Carolina (1) 88, Wisconsin (6) 82 (AP/ESPN)
 * Austin Regional:
 * Michigan State (5) 94, Kentucky (2) 88 (2 OT) (AP/ESPN)
 * Three of the four weekend's regional finals were decided in overtime, a first for that playoff series, and further evidence of March Madness.

 * Ice hockey – By defeating Harvard in the title game of the NCAA Women's Ice Hockey Championship, Minnesota repeated as NCAA Division I national champions. Harvard's loss was its third consecutive championship game disappointment, each time at the hands of a school in the University of Minnesota system.
 * Curling – Anette Norberg and her Swedish rink defeat Cassandra Johnson and team United States 10–4 in the 2005 World Women's Curling Championship. Norway, skipped by Dordi Nordby wins bronze. (CBC)

26 March 2005 (Saturday)

 * Basketball – NCAA Tournament, regional finals (regional seeds included; advancing teams in bold):
 * Albuquerque Regional:
 * Louisville (4) 93, West Virginia (7) 85 (OT) (AP/ESPN)
 * Chicago Regional:
 * Illinois (1) 90, Arizona (3) 89 (OT) (AP/ESPN)

25 March 2005 (Friday)

 * NBA: A bomb threat delays the start of the Indiana Pacers–Detroit Pistons game in Auburn Hills, Michigan by 90 minutes. In the game, the Pacers defeat the Pistons, 94–81. (AP/ESPN)
 * Basketball – NCAA Tournament, regional semifinals (regional seeds included; advancing teams in bold):
 * Austin Regional:
 * Michigan State (5) 78, Duke (1) 68 (AP/ESPN)
 * Kentucky (2) 62, Utah (6) 52 (AP/ESPN)
 * Syracuse Regional:
 * Wisconsin (6) 65, NC State (10) 56 (AP/ESPN)
 * North Carolina (1) 67, Villanova (5) 66 (AP/ESPN)

24 March 2005 (Thursday)

 * Football (soccer): Robert Hoyzer, the German referee at the center of a major match fixing scandal, has told investigators that the gambling ring that paid him to fix matches knew the names of referees who would work UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup and international matches several days before UEFA announced them publicly. (AP/Yahoo!)
 * Basketball – NCAA Tournament, regional semifinals (regional seeds included; advancing teams in bold):
 * Albuquerque Regional:
 * Louisville (4) 93, Washington (1) 79 (AP/ESPN)
 * West Virginia (7) 65, Texas Tech (6) 60 (AP/ESPN)
 * Chicago Regional:
 * Illinois (1) 77, Milwaukee (12) 63 (AP/ESPN)
 * Arizona (3) 79, Oklahoma State (2) 78 (AP/ESPN)

23 March 2005 (Wednesday)

 * Football (soccer): The executive committee of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), the governing body for football in Asia, has unanimously endorsed a proposal by Australia to leave its current federation, the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), and join the AFC. The proposed move would still require Australia to resign from the OFC, formally apply to the AFC, and gain FIFA approval. (Asian Football Confederation) (Reuters/Yahoo!)

22 March 2005 (Tuesday)

 * NCAA basketball: Tennessee women's basketball head coach Pat Summitt wins her 880th game as the Lady Vols defeat Purdue 75–54 in the second round of the 2005 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament. Her win surpasses legendary North Carolina coach Dean Smith for first all-time in wins amongst men's and women's head coaches. (AP/Yahoo!)
 * Cricket: New Zealand (244 and 48/3) draw with Australia (570 for 8 dec) in the 2nd Test at Wellington after the match is abandoned due to rain. (Wisden Cricinfo)

20 March 2005 (Sunday)

 * Ski flying: During the ski flying weekend in Planica, Slovenia, the world record was improved several times. The new best result is 239 metres by Bjørn Einar Romøren of Norway. Janne Ahonen of Finland flew 240 metres, but fell.
 * Cricket: India (407 and 407/9 dec) beat Pakistan (393 and 226) by 195 runs in the 2nd Test at Kolkata, taking a 1–0 lead in the series. (Wisden Cricinfo)
 * Basketball –
 * In the Canadian Interuniversity Sport men's basketball championship, the Carleton Ravens defeat the Concordia Stingers 68–48.
 * NCAA Tournament, second round (regional seeds included; advancing teams in bold):
 * Albuquerque Regional:
 * Louisville (4) 76, Georgia Tech (5) 54 (AP/ESPN)
 * Austin Regional:
 * Michigan State (5) 72, Vermont (13) 61 (AP/ESPN)
 * Duke (1) 63, Mississippi State (9) 55 (AP/ESPN)
 * Chicago Regional:
 * Oklahoma State (2) 85, SIU (7) 77 (AP/ESPN)
 * Syracuse Regional:
 * UConn (2) 62, NC State (10) 65 (AP/ESPN)
 * Florida (4) 65, Villanova (5) 76 (AP/ESPN)
 * North Carolina (1) 92, Iowa State (9) 65 (AP/ESPN)
 * Wisconsin (6) 71, Bucknell (14) 62 (AP/ESPN)
 * Formula One: Fernando Alonso wins the Malaysian Grand Prix for his second career victory in F1.  Jarno Trulli and Nick Heidfeld join him on the podium.  (Formula1.com)
 * NASCAR: Carl Edwards wins the Golden Corral 500 on a last-lap pass of Jimmie Johnson.  It is Edwards' first career Nextel Cup victory and comes a day after he won his first career Busch Series race.  (NASCAR.com)

19 March 2005 (Saturday)

 * Rugby union: Six Nations
 * Wales complete a Grand Slam by defeating Ireland 32–20 at Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. It's the first Grand Slam by Wales since 1978, and is also Wales' first overall win in the competition since 1994 (when it was still the Five Nations). (BBC)
 * Italy 13–56 France (Stadio Flaminio, Rome) (BBC)
 * England 43–22 Scotland (Twickenham, London) (BBC).
 * Basketball – NCAA Tournament, second round (regional seeds included; advancing teams in bold):
 * Albuquerque Regional:
 * Gonzaga (3) 67, Texas Tech (6) 71 (AP/ESPN)
 * Washington (1) 97, Pacific (8) 79 (AP/ESPN)
 * Wake Forest (2) 105, West Virginia (7) 111 (2 OT) (AP/ESPN)
 * Austin Regional:
 * Oklahoma (3) 58, Utah (6) 67 (AP/ESPN)
 * Illinois (1) 71, Nevada (9) 59 (AP/ESPN)
 * Kentucky (2) 69, Cincinnati (7) 60 (AP/ESPN)
 * Chicago Regional:
 * Arizona (3) 85, UAB (11) 63 (AP/ESPN)
 * Boston College (4) 75, Milwaukee (12) 83 (AP/ESPN)

18 March 2005 (Friday)

 * Basketball – NCAA Tournament, first round (regional seeds included; advancing teams in bold):
 * Albuquerque Regional:
 * Louisville (4) 68, Louisiana-Lafayette (13) 62 (AP/ESPN)
 * Georgia Tech (5) 80, George Washington (12) 68 (AP/ESPN)
 * Austin Regional:
 * Syracuse (4) 57, Vermont (13) 60 (OT) (AP/ESPN)
 * Duke (1) 57, Delaware State (16) 46 (AP/ESPN)
 * Michigan State (5) 89, Old Dominion (12) 81 (AP/ESPN)
 * Stanford (8) 70, Mississippi State (9) 93 (AP/ESPN)
 * Chicago Regional:
 * Oklahoma State (2) 63, SE Louisiana (15) 50 (AP/ESPN)
 * SIU (7) 65, St. Mary's (10) 56 (AP/ESPN)
 * Syracuse Regional:
 * Charlotte (7) 63, NC State (10) 75 (AP/ESPN)
 * Florida (4) 67, Ohio (13) 62 (AP/ESPN)
 * Minnesota (8) 53, Iowa State (9) 64 (AP/ESPN)
 * UConn (2) 77, UCF (15) 71 (AP/ESPN)
 * Villanova (5) 55, New Mexico (12) 47 (AP/ESPN)
 * North Carolina (1) 96, Oakland (16) 68 (AP/ESPN)
 * Wisconsin (6) 57, Northern Iowa (11) 52 (AP/ESPN)
 * Kansas (3) 63, Bucknell (14) 64 (AP/ESPN)

17 March 2005 (Thursday)

 * Football (soccer): UEFA Cup Round of 16, second leg (advancing teams in bold):
 * CSKA Moscow 2 – 0 Partizan Belgrade (UEFA.com)
 * Sporting Lisbon 1 – 0 Middlesbrough (UEFA.com)
 * Parma 1 – 0 Sevilla (UEFA.com)
 * Auxerre 0 – 0 Lille (UEFA.com)
 * Real Zaragoza 2 – 2 Austria Vienna (decided on away goals) (UEFA.com)
 * Basketball – NCAA Tournament, first round (regional seeds included; advancing teams in bold):
 * Albuquerque Regional:
 * Pacific (8) 79, Pittsburgh (9) 71 (AP/ESPN)
 * Washington (1) 88, Montana (16) 77 (AP/ESPN)
 * Wake Forest (2) 70, Chattanooga (15) 54 (AP/ESPN)
 * Gonzaga (3) 74, Winthrop (14) 64 (AP/ESPN)
 * West Virginia (7) 63, Creighton (10) 61 (AP/ESPN)
 * Texas Tech (6) 78, UCLA (11) 66 (AP/ESPN)
 * Austin Regional:
 * Kentucky (2) 72, Eastern Kentucky (15) 64 (AP/ESPN)
 * Oklahoma (3) 84, Niagara (14) 67 (AP/ESPN)
 * Cincinnati (7) 76, Iowa (10) 64 (AP/ESPN)
 * Utah (6) 60, UTEP (11) 54 (AP/ESPN)
 * Chicago Regional:
 * Alabama (5) 73, Milwaukee (12) 83 (AP/ESPN)
 * Boston College (4) 85, Penn (13) 65 (AP/ESPN)
 * Texas (8) 57, Nevada (9) 61 (AP/ESPN)
 * Arizona (3) 66, Utah State (14) 53 (AP/ESPN)
 * Illinois (1) 67, Fairleigh Dickinson (16) 55 (AP/ESPN)
 * LSU (6) 68, UAB (11) 82 (AP/ESPN)

16 March 2005 (Wednesday)

 * Dogsled racing 2005 Iditarod:
 * Robert Sørlie from Norway wins the 1,161-mile (1,868 km) race across the U.S. state of Alaska for the second time.
 * Bjørnar Andersen of Norway in 4th place is the Rookie of the Year, which is the best showing by a rookie in decades.
 * Football (soccer) – UEFA Cup, round of 16:
 * Second leg (advancing teams in bold):
 * Newcastle United 4 – 0 Olympiacos (UEFA.com)
 * AZ Alkmaar 2 – 1 Shakhtar Donetsk (UEFA.com)
 * First leg (rescheduled from 10 March):
 * Steaua Bucharest 0 – 0 Villarreal (UEFA.com)

15 March 2005 (Tuesday)

 * Football (soccer):
 * UEFA Champions League, knock-out round of 16, second leg (advancing team in bold):
 * Inter Milan 3 – 1 Porto (UEFA.com)
 * Gabriel Batistuta, the all-time goals leader for the Argentina national team, announces his retirement. He was last seen playing with a Qatari league team. (Clarin, in Spanish)
 * Basketball – NCAA Tournament:
 * Opening round from Dayton, Ohio: Oakland 79, Alabama A&M 69 (AP/ESPN)

14 March 2005 (Monday)

 * Dogsled racing 2005 Iditarod:
 * Robert Sørlie from Norway is the first to reach Unalakleet on March 13 at 8:45 PM AKST (March 14 5:45 UTC), and start the final stretch down the shore of the Bering Sea to Nome. Bjørnar Andersen, Sørlie's teammate, is the only rookie in the top 10.
 * NCAA college basketball: Temple University announces that men's head basketball coach John Chaney will coach in the National Invitation Tournament. He had previously been suspended for actions committed on February 28 during a game against Saint Joseph's University.

13 March 2005 (Sunday)

 * Snooker: Ronnie O'Sullivan beats Matthew Stevens 10 frames to 8 to win his third Irish Masters title. (BBC)
 * NASCAR: Jimmie Johnson wins the UAW–DaimlerChrysler 400 at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway from Kyle Busch and Kurt Busch. There were a race-record 10 cautions and race-equalling 25 lead changes. (NASCAR)
 * Curling:
 * In Pinerolo, Italy, at the World Junior Curling Championships, the Canadian team skipped by Kyle George won gold beating Sweden's Nils Carlsén 6–5 in 11 ends. Scotland won bronze. (CBC) (TSN)
 * 2005 Tim Hortons Brier: Randy Ferbey and his Alberta team win their 4th Brier in 5 years as they defeat Shawn Adams of Nova Scotia 5–4. Ferbey and his team of David Nedohin, Marcel Rocque and Scott Pfeifer make history as the first complete team to win 4 Briers. (CBC sports)
 * Baseball:
 * The Kansas City Star reports in today's edition that former major-league player Jeremy Giambi, currently signed to a minor-league contract by the Chicago White Sox, has admitted to having used anabolic steroids. Jeremy's older brother, current major-leaguer Jason Giambi, has previously been linked to steroid use. (AP/ESPN)
 * The New York Daily News reports today that former superstar slugger Mark McGwire was mentioned several times in a federal steroids investigation in the 1990s, although he was not the target of the probe, nor was any evidence collected against him. (AP/ESPN)
 * Cricket:
 * Australia (432 and 135/1) beat New Zealand (433 and 131) by 9 wickets in the 1st Test at Christchurch. (Wisden Cricinfo)
 * South Africa (480/7 dec) beat Zimbabwe (265 and 149) by an innings and 62 runs in the 2nd Test at Centurion. (Wisden Cricinfo)
 * Rugby union: Six Nations
 * Scotland 22–46 Wales (Murrayfield, Edinburgh) (BBC)
 * Golf:
 * PGA Tour: Pádraig Harrington defeats Vijay Singh on the second sudden-death playoff hole to win the Honda Classic at the Country Club at Mirasol. It's Harrington's first win in the United States.
 * PGA European Tour: Ernie Els wins the Qatar Masters.
 * Basketball:
 * Canadian Interuniversity Sport – The Simon Fraser Clan defeat the Winnipeg Wesmen 70–60 in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport women's basketball championship (TSN)
 * Ice hockey:
 * Canadian Interuniversity Sport – The Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks defeat the Alberta Pandas 4–1 in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport women's ice hockey championship (CIS). The loss ended a three-year championship streak for the Pandas, as well as a 112-game undefeated streak against CIS opponents.

12 March 2005 (Saturday)

 * Cricket: Pakistan (312 and 496/9 dec.) draw with India (516 and 85/1) in the 1st Test at Mohali. (Wisden Cricinfo)
 * Football (soccer): Swedish referee Anders Frisk announces his retirement with immediate effect, after receiving so-far unspecified threats. (BBC)
 * Rugby Union: Six Nations
 * England 39–7 Italy (Twickenham, London) (BBC)
 * Ireland 19–26 France (Lansdowne Road, Dublin) (BBC)
 * Sport of athletics – Kerron Clement sets a new Indoor World Record for the 400m at the NCAA championships in Arkansas. (BBC)
 * Curling
 * Switzerland, skipped by Tania Grivel wins the Women's World Junior Curling Championships 10–2 over Sweden's Stina Viktorsson. Canada wins bronze. (WCF)
 * 2005 Tim Hortons Brier: In the semi-final, Nova Scotia's Shawn Adams rink defeat Randy Dutiaume and his Manitoba rink 8–7. Nova Scotia will play Randy Ferbey of Alberta in the final. (CBC sports)

11 March 2005 (Friday)

 * Curling – 2005 Tim Hortons Brier: Nova Scotia's Shawn Adams rink defeats Jean-Michel Menard's Quebec rink in the 3–4 game advancing Nova Scotia to the semi-final. In the 1–2 game, Randy Ferbey's Alberta defeats Randy Dutiuame's Manitoba rink 7–4. Manitoba goes to the semis while Alberta gets a bye to the final. (CBC sports) (CBC sports)

10 March 2005 (Thursday)

 * Dogsled racing 2005 Iditarod:
 * Robert Sørlie of Norway wins the Halfway Award at the historic gold rush ghost town of Iditarod, arriving at 1:41 AM AKST (10:41 UTC).
 * Rick Swenson, the only five-time winner of the Iditarod, scratches for the first time in 29 races.
 * Football (soccer) – UEFA Cup, round of 16, first leg: (UEFA.com)
 * Partizan Belgrade 1 – 1 CSKA Moscow
 * Olympiacos 1 – 3 Newcastle United
 * Shakhtar Donetsk 1 – 3 AZ Alkmaar
 * Austria Vienna 1 – 1 Real Zaragoza
 * Middlesbrough 2 – 3 Sporting Lisbon
 * Lille 0 – 1 Auxerre
 * Sevilla 0 – 0 Parma
 * Steaua Bucharest –  Villarreal (postponed, snow; first leg rescheduled for 16 March, second leg on 20 March)
 * Curling: 2005 Tim Hortons Brier – After the round-robin play is completed, Team Alberta, skipped by Randy Ferbey sits at first place with a 9–2 record. In second place is Team Manitoba, skipped by Randy Dutiaume with an 8–3 record. Also with an 8–3 record is Team Nova Scotia, skipped by Shawn Adams who finishes third because they lost their game to Manitoba. Rounding off the playoff-bound teams is Quebec skipped by Jean-Michel Menard at 7–4. (CBC sports)

9 March 2005 (Wednesday)

 * Football (soccer) UEFA Champions League, knock-out round of 16, second leg (advancing teams in bold):
 * Juventus 2 – 0 Real Madrid (after extra time) (UEFA.com)
 * Bayer Leverkusen 1 – 3 Liverpool (UEFA.com)
 * AS Monaco 0 – 2 PSV (UEFA.com)
 * Arsenal 1 – 0 Bayern Munich (UEFA.com)
 * Curling: 2005 Tim Hortons Brier – Randy Ferbey's Alberta rink continues to lead the way with an 8–1 record and wins against Ontario and Yukon/Northwest Territories. Randy Dutiaume's Manitoba rink has sole possession of second place at 7–2 as they won both their games against Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. With one day left of the round-robin, only Alberta has clinched a berth. (CBC sports)

8 March 2005 (Tuesday)

 * Dogsled racing: Norwegian Robert Sørlie, who became the first non-American to win in 2003, takes the lead in the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race and arrives first at checkpoints 8 and 9, in Rohn, and Nikolai.
 * Football (soccer) UEFA Champions League, knock-out round of 16, second leg (advancing teams in bold):
 * Chelsea 4 – 2 Barcelona (UEFA.com)
 * Olympique Lyonnais 7 – 2 Werder Bremen (UEFA.com)
 * A.C. Milan 1 – 0 Manchester United (UEFA.com)
 * Curling – 2005 Tim Hortons Brier – Randy Ferbey's Alberta rink pulls away from the pack with wins against Manitoba and Prince Edward Island and have a record of 6–1. Manitoba (skipped by Randy Dutiaume) falls to 5–2 coupled with a win over P.E.I, while Nova Scotia skipped by Shawn Adams win both their games and also sit at 5–2. (CBC sports)

7 March 2005 (Monday)

 * Cycling: Tom Boonen wins the first stage of Paris–Nice, while Erik Dekker takes over the lead in the general ranking.
 * Cricket: The International Cricket Council announces it will move its offices from England and Monaco to Dubai in August 2005. (ICC)
 * Curling: 2005 Tim Hortons Brier – Randy Ferbey's Alberta rink and Randy Dutiaume's Manitoba rink both lost their first games against Nova Scotia and Northern Ontario respectively while Brad Gushue's Newfoundland and Labrador rink win both their games against Yukon/Northwest Territories and Prince Edward Island to force a 3-way tie for top spot at 4–1. (CBC sports)

6 March 2005 (Sunday)

 * Cricket: Seven players, including Brian Lara, are dropped from the West Indies team over a sponsorship row. (BBC)
 * Cycling:
 * The prologue of Paris–Nice is won by Jens Voigt from Germany. Fabian Cancellara is 2nd, Erik Dekker is 3rd.
 * Golf:
 * PGA Tour: Tiger Woods defeats Phil Mickelson by one stroke to win the Ford Championship at Doral. The win returns Woods to the top spot in the world rankings. (AP/Yahoo!)
 * European Tour: Ernie Els defeats Miguel Ángel Jiménez by one stroke to win the Dubai Desert Classic. (AP/Yahoo!)
 * Motorsport:
 * Formula One: Giancarlo Fisichella wins the opening race of the 2005 Formula One season at the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit in Australia. Rubens Barrichello finishes second with Fisichella's Renault teammate Fernando Alonso coming third. (Reuters) (Eurosport)
 * NASCAR: Martin Truex Jr. wins the first NASCAR race held in Mexico, the Telcel-Motorola 200 Busch race from the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez. {NASCAR.com}
 * IRL IndyCar Series: Dan Wheldon wins the Toyota Indy 300, the inaugural event of the 2005 IRL season. (IndyCar.com)
 * Curling – 2005 Tim Hortons Brier: 5-time Brier champion Randy Ferbey and his Alberta rink as well as Randy Dutiaume's Manitoba rink remain the only undefeated teams left, both with 3–0 records. Ferbey beat Newfoundland and Labrador and Northern Ontario while Manitoba beat Yukon/Northwest Territories (CBC sports)

5 March 2005 (Saturday)

 * Rugby union: In the IRB Rugby Aid Match, a team of players from the Southern Hemisphere defeat the team from the Northern Hemisphere 54–19 at Twickenham, London. (Sydney Morning Herald)
 * Dogsled racing: Rachael Scdoris became the first legally blind musher to compete in the 1,049-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across Alaska, U.S.
 * Cricket:
 * Zimbabwe (54 and 265) lose to South Africa (340 for 3 declared) by an innings and 21 runs on the second day of the first Test of their two-Test series at Newlands, Cape Town. A number of records were set in the match: 54 is Zimbabwe's lowest-ever Test total; Jacques Kallis scored Test cricket's fastest-ever half-century in terms of balls bowled; South Africa's run rate of 6.8 was the highest for a first innings. (Wisden Cricinfo)
 * Australia (347 for 5) beat New Zealand (225 for 8) by 122 runs in the fifth and final One Day International at Napier, winning the series in a 5–0 whitewash. (Wisden Cricinfo)
 * Curling – 2005 Tim Hortons Brier: Randy Dutiaume's Manitoba rink leads the pack with 2 wins (over British Columbia and Saskatchewan). Other undefeated rinks include Alberta (Randy Ferbey), Newfoundland and Labrador (Brad Gushue), Quebec (Jean-Michel Menard), and Ontario (Wayne Middaugh). (CBC sports)

4 March 2005 (Friday)

 * Ice hockey: Reports indicate that the financiers who offered $3.5 billion for the National Hockey League earlier in the week are willing to increase their offer.
 * Boxing: Joseph Serrano undergoes a successful brain surgery to remove a bullet from his head, but he is still listed in critical condition, at a Puerto Rico hospital. (El Vocero, in Spanish)

3 March 2005 (Thursday)

 * Boxing: Former Olympian Joseph Serrano is injured with a gunshot to the head as he was leaving the Bairoa Gym, in Caguas, Puerto Rico. Having debuted at the Cotto vs. Corley undercard days ago, he has a record of 1 win and no losses.

2 March 2005 (Wednesday)

 * Ice hockey: During the NHL's Board of Governors meeting in New York City, two firms from Boston make a proposal to buy the league and all 30 teams for $3.5 billion. League officials are interested, but owners don't seem as much. (The Detroit News)
 * Cricket: South Africa (207 for 5) beat Zimbabwe (206 for 8) by 5 wickets in the third and final One Day International at Port Elizabeth, winning the series 3–0.

1 March 2005 (Tuesday)

 * Football (soccer): Arsenal F.C. midfielder Jermaine Pennant, currently on loan to Birmingham City F.C., is found guilty of drink-driving, driving while disqualified, and driving without insurance. He is sentenced to three months in prison. (BBC)
 * Cricket: Australia (236 for 3) beat New Zealand (233) by 7 wickets in the fourth One Day International. They lead the five-match series 4–0. (Wisden Cricinfo)

title: March 2005 in sports


text:
Mount Wuteve

Mount Wuteve is a mountain located in Liberia, whose summit is the highest point in Liberia. It is located in the Guinea Highlands range, whose parent range is the West Africa Mountains. Data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission revealed that the summit is higher in elevation than the previously quoted 1,380 meters. As of 2024, the elevation is understood to be 1,447 meters. It is also known as Mount Wologizi among locals of the Loma tribe.

title: Mount Wuteve


text:
User talk:Bhankey

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
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 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Arb Com election]] 12:41, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bhankey


text:
Lake Malta

Lake Malta, known also as the Maltański Reservoir, is an artificial lake in Poznań, Poland. It was formed in 1952 as a result of the damming of the Cybina River. It is about 2.2 km long (with the circuit of 5,6 km), which makes the lake the biggest man-made lake of the city. The water is 3.1 m deep on average with a maximum about 5 m. There are a number of recreational attractions along the edge of the lake including:
 * an artificial ski slope,
 * an artificial ice rink,
 * a zoological garden,
 * Kolejka Parkowa Maltanka - a narrow gauge railway,
 * the Mound of Freedom,
 * seasonal bikes rental - MaltaBike

The lake also has one of the oldest man-made rowing venues in Europe - The Malta Regatta Course. This dates back to 1952 and has held a number of Rowing World Cup events. It also hosted the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in 1990 and 2001, and did so again in 2010.

The lake also gives its name to the Malta theatre festival, held in Poznań annually in June, with some of the shows taking place next to the lake.

The name of the lake comes from the Knights Hospitaller also known as Knights of Malta. The lake was built on land owned by Church of St. John of Jerusalem Outside the Walls, given to the order in 1187 by duke Mieszko III the Old.

Because of the importance of the lake for the city of Poznań, various methods to improve its water quality have been investigated.

title: Lake Malta


text:
Senator Claghorn

Senator Beauregard Claghorn was a popular fictional radio character on the "Allen's Alley" segment of The Fred Allen Show, beginning in 1945. Succeeding the vaguely similar but much less popular Senator Bloat from the earliest "Allen's Alley" routines, Senator Claghorn, portrayed by Allen's announcer Kenny Delmar, was a blustery Southern politician whose home was usually the first at which Allen would knock. Claghorn would typically answer the door with, "Somebody, ah say, somebody knocked! Claghorn's the name, Senator Claghorn, that is. I'm from the South. Suh."

Description
Claghorn had an unshakable obsession with the South, and would happily complain about the North in dry ways. For instance, the Senator refused to ever wear a "Union suit" or drive through the Lincoln Tunnel when he visited New York City, and he claimed to drink only out of Dixie cups. At one point when asked which state he represented, he noted it was in the Gulf of Mexico, south of Alabama. The senator even rebuked Fred Allen for saying the word "no" in his presence, saying "N-O.. That's North abbreviated!!"

Some of the senator's other quotes include:
 * "When I'm in New York I'll never go to Yankee Stadium!"
 * "I won't even go to see the Giants unless a southpaw's pitchin'!"
 * "I refuse to watch the Dodgers unless Dixie Walker's playin'!"
 * "I won't go into a room unless it's got southern exposure!"
 * "When I got the chickenpox, they were southern fried!"
 * "The only plant life I have around my house is a Virginia creeper!"
 * "Son, bend down and kiss my Jefferson Davis button!"

When Allen was finally able to speak to the senator, he would ask him a topical question, to which Claghorn would respond with a rapid stream of talk, shouting, repetition and puns. After a quip, the senator would laugh uproariously and utter one of his two catchphrases: "That's a joke, son!" or "Pay attention now, boy!" Claghorn would also make frequent jabs at Allen using colorful analogies that often resulted in loud laughter from the studio audience.

Delmar debuted Claghorn on Allen's broadcast of October 7, 1945, and the character remained until 1949, when the series transitioned from "Allen's Alley" to a "Main Street" segment to accommodate Allen's final sponsor, Ford. In one episode, Allen asked the senator how he was treating his insomnia, and the senator replied that he had sung himself to sleep with a southern lullaby:

 * "Rock-a-bye small fry, on the cotton tree top,
 * when the Southern wind blows, your cradle will rock,
 * when the wind's from the North, I say, baby you'll bawl,
 * for down will come cradle, tree and you all!"

In another exchange, Allen asked Claghorn whether Washington was helping to reduce an epidemic of colds afflicting the country. Claghorn responded: "The senate, I say the senate reconvened just in time. I was glad to see Senator [George] Aiken back. Achin' back! That's a joke, son." Further discussion regarding cold remedies resulted in this exchange:

 * Claghorn: I had a cold last week like to ruin my filibuster.
 * Allen: Ruin your filibuster? Well what did- (chuckling) what did you do?
 * Claghorn: I took an old Southern remedy, son. I drank down two buckets of hot mint julep.
 * Allen: (astonished) You drank two buckets of hot mint julep and you still held the floor?
 * Claghorn: Held the floor?! Son, I couldn't get up off'n it!

Allen's interview with Claghorn generally ended with him bellowing "So long! So long, that is!!" (usually over laughter and applause from the audience)

At the height of its popularity, the character was often mentioned or parodied on other programs, especially that of Allen's rival Jack Benny, with Phil Harris usually playing the part. Delmar made a guest appearance on The Jack Benny Program in the role on February 12, 1950, months after Allen's show had ended. The most famous parody is the Warner Bros. Looney Tunes animated character Foghorn Leghorn.

Outside of radio
The Claghorn character also appeared in other media. Delmar played the character in commercials, on two records (I Love You, That Is and That's a Joke, Son), and a 1947 theatrical film titled It's a Joke, Son! with costar Una Merkel as Mrs. Claghorn. The film's plot involves the senator running for office against his wife. It's a Joke, Son! was produced on an unusually low $650,000 budget and suffered from poor box-office receipts, causing it to be pulled from some theaters after less than a week.

Delmar played a thinly veiled version of Claghorn, retitled Senator Hominy Smith, in the Broadway musical Texas Li'l Darlin. After Warner Bros. copyrighted Foghorn Leghorn, Delmar required the studio's permission to play the character elsewhere. In the 1960s, Delmar took his characterization and catchphrases back as the voice of the Hunter, a character on the animated series King Leonardo and His Short Subjects.

Dave Sim adopted the same speech patterns for Elrod the Albino, a character in his independent comic book Cerebus the Aardvark, but it is unknown whether the voice derived directly from Claghorn or from Foghorn Leghorn. Sim describes the character as "Elrod/Senator Claghorn" in the preface to the reprint of issue 51 in Cerebus Number Zero.

title: Senator Claghorn


text: Category:Law enforcement in Germany

title: Category:Law enforcement in Germany


text:
Franklinia

Franklinia is a monotypic genus in the tea family, Theaceae. The sole species in this genus is a flowering tree, Franklinia alatamaha, commonly called the Franklin tree, and native to the Altamaha River valley in Georgia in the southeastern United States. It has been extinct in the wild since the early 19th century, but survives as a cultivated ornamental tree.

In the past, some botanists have included Franklinia within the related genus Gordonia. The southeastern North American species Gordonia lasianthus differs in having evergreen foliage, flowers with longer stems, winged seeds, and conical seed capsules. Franklinia was often known as Gordonia pubescens until the middle of the 20th century.

Franklinia is now thought to be closer in relation to the Asian genus Schima. Recent DNA studies and examinations of floral ontogeny in the Theaceae place Franklinia together with Gordonia and Schima in a subtribe. Hybrid crosses have been produced between Franklinia alatamaha and Gordonia lasianthus, and between Franklinia alatamaha and Schima argentea.

Description
Franklinia alatamaha is a small deciduous tree growing to 10 m tall, but commonly 4.5 - 7.5 m. It is prized for its fragrant white flowers, similar to single white Camellia blossoms; the smell may remind some of orange blossoms or honeysuckle. The tree has a symmetrical, somewhat pyramidal shape, often with different individuals of the species forming almost identical crowns. It frequently suckers and can form several vertical trunks close to ground level. The bark is gray with vertical white striations and has a ridged texture. The alternate, obovate leaves are up to 6 in in length and turn a bright orange-red in the fall. Although difficult to transplant, once established, F. alatamaha can live a century or more.

The seed capsules require 12–14 months to mature. Unlike almost all angiosperms, Franklinia alatamaha exhibits zygotic dormancy. It pollinates in late summer or early autumn, is then dormant over winter, and only sets fruit during the subsequent summer. Female gametophytes are mature prior to pollination, with double fertilization occurring soon after pollination. The zygote becomes dormant immediately after fertilization with delay of development until the following summer. Initial development of endosperm occurs for up to 3 months after fertilization but comes to a standstill at winter's onset. With onset of the following summer, embryogenesis begins and endosperm development restarts. This overwinter zygotic dormancy is extremely rare among temperate angiosperms. When ripe the pentavalved spherical capsules split above and below in a unique manner.

History
"No tree which ornaments our gardens has a more romantic history," begins a lengthy 1933 article published in The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. The history of Franklinia's discovery in coastal Georgia, followed by disappearance in the wild, and saved only by its ability to grow, flower, and seed in the Philadelphia garden of its initial collector entail the main thread of the unusual botanical history.

Philadelphia botanists John and William Bartram first observed the tree growing along the Altamaha River near Fort Barrington in the British colony of Georgia in October 1765. John Bartram recorded "severall very curious shrubs" in his journal entry for October 1, 1765. William Bartram returned several times to the same location on the Altamaha during a collecting trip to the American South, funded by Dr. John Fothergill of London. William Bartram collected F. alatamaha seeds during this extended trip to the South from 1773 through 1776, a journey described in his book Bartram's Travels published in Philadelphia in 1791. William Bartram brought seed back to Philadelphia in 1777 at which time William reported to his father that he had relocated the plant, but this time had been able to retrieve its seeds although it was not until after John's death (1777) that he was able to achieve flowering plants (1781). After several years of study, William Bartram assigned the "rare and elegant flowering shrub" to a new genus Franklinia, named in honor of his father's great friend Benjamin Franklin. The new plant name, Franklinia alatamaha, was first published by a Bartram cousin, Humphry Marshall, in 1785 in his catalogue of North American trees and shrubs entitled Arbustrum Americanum. (Marshall 1785: 48–50; Fry 2001).

William Bartram was the first to report the extremely limited distribution of Franklinia. "We never saw it grow in any other place, nor have I ever since seen it growing wild, in all my travels, from Pennsylvania to Point Coupe, on the banks of the Mississippi, which must be allowed a very singular and unaccountable circumstance; at this place there are two or 3 acre of ground where it grows plentifully." (W. Bartram 1791: 468). After returning to Georgia after the American Revolution, Bartram was unable to find the trees.

The tree was last verified in the wild in 1803 by the English plant collector John Lyon (although there are hints it may have been present into at least the 1840s). The cause of its extinction in the wild is not known, but has been attributed to a number of causes including fire, flood, overcollection by plant collectors, and fungal disease introduced with the cultivation of cotton plants.

All the Franklin trees known to exist today are descended from seed collected by William Bartram and propagated at Bartram's Garden in Philadelphia. It has now been cultivated in over 1000 sites worldwide including botanical gardens, private homes, parks, and cemeteries. It is suggested that more than one tree was sampled by Bartram during his original collection in Georgia and the diversity was maintained over the years. To mark the 300th anniversary of John Bartram's birth in 1998, Bartram's Garden launched a project to locate as many Franklinia trees as possible.

Status as a glacial relict

There have been efforts to reintroduce the species to its native habitat. Twenty-four individuals were planted between 2002 and 2003 in the Altamaha Wildlife Management Area; however, they were unsuccessful. The idea of reintroduction was long controversial for some plant enthusiasts who believed wild populations may still exist. The lack of success in returning an extinct-in-the-wild plant to its formerly native range is not unexpected for those aware of Franklinia's status as a glacial relict.

In eastern North America, lowland glacial refuges along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts host endemic plants — some of which are rare, even endangered, and others entail the most southerly disjunct populations of plants that commonly appear only hundreds of miles to the north. Major rivers draining southward from the Appalachian Mountains are associated with a gradation of paleoendemic tree species. These range from the extinct Critchfield spruce near the outlet of the Mississippi River, to extinct-in-the-wild Franklinia along the Altamaha River, to the critically endangered Florida torreya and Florida yew at the downstream end of the Chattahoochee River system. (See illustration at right.)

As with Florida torreya, the relictual status of the now-extinct wild population of Franklinia near the mouth of a major river draining the Appalachian Mountains southward makes investigation of proximal causes of disease secondary to the likelihood of the plant having lost viability as the Holocene warmed. While seeds may passively float long distances downstream, this mode of dispersal became unavailable for making the reverse trip back to the mountains to track a warming climate. As with Florida torreya, evidence that climate warming accounts as ultimate cause is reinforced by today's disease-free health of horticultural plantings far to the north (Cleveland, Ohio, for Florida torreya). Northward growing successes contrast with professional failures that have attempted to restore either species to reproductive health in their refugial riverside patches where each apparently survived peak episodes of glacial cold during the Pleistocene epoch.

Cultivation
The Franklin tree has a reputation among gardeners for being difficult to cultivate, especially in urban environments. It prefers sandy, high-acid soil, and does not tolerate compacted clay soil, excessive moisture, or any disturbance to its roots. The Franklin tree has no known pests, but it is subject to root-rot and crown-rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi and does not endure drought well. It is commercially available for garden cultivation.

It is one of two species of trees in the tea family that only exists in cultivation, the other being Camellia amplexicaulis.

title: Franklinia


text:
Alandi

Alandi (Marathi pronunciation: [aːɭən̪d̪iː]) is a town and a municipal council in the Pune district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The town is popular as a place of pilgrimage and for being the resting place of the 13th century Marathi saint Sant Dnyaneshwar.

History
Alandi has a long history but gained prominence in the 13th century when Dnyaneshwar (1275–1296) decided to entomb, otherwise known as sanjeevan samadhi, himself in a samadhi, a form of shrine, under the then existing Siddheshwar temple complex in 1296. A temple was built over the Samadhi by Ambekar Deshpande in around 1580–1600. Further additions to the temple were made during the Maratha Empire era by Maratha nobles and the Peshwa. In 1778, Alandi was granted to Mahadji Shinde, the powerful Maratha statesman of the Maratha confederacy at that time, by the Peshwa. For two decades after that, the Shinde family were the main sponsors of various renovations of the temple.

In the 1820s, Haibatrao Buva Arphalkar Pawar, a courtier of the Scindia of Gwalior, started the modern Palkhi tradition of carrying the paduka (replica silver sandals) of Dnyaneshwar to Pandharpur during the annual Wari. Haibatraobuva was laid to rest under the first step of the temple complex per his will.

Despite being a small town, it was granted municipal status during the early British Raj. The council would raise revenue through levying tax on pilgrims which used to number around 50,000 at the end of 19th century.

Geography
Alandi (18.67706°N, 73.8966°W ) is located on the bank of the Indrayani River, 18.8 km from Khed Taluka of Pune District, near the northern edge of the city of Pune. Alandi has an average elevation of 577 meters.

Demographics
In 2011, Alandi had a population of 28,576. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. The lingua franca is Marathi. Alandi has an average literacy rate of 73% (82% of the males, 68% of females), which is lower than the national average of 74.04%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. All castes are represented in the town census. The closely related Maratha clans, Kurhade-Patil and Ghundare-Patil, dominate the civic life of the town.

Traditionally, many Hindu widows have come to reside in places of pilgrimage such as Pandharpur and Alandi.

Government
Alandi has a Municipal council with a directly elected as Mayor (Nagaradhyaksha). In the 2016 election to the council, The BJP candidate Vaijayanti Umergekar-Kamble was elected mayor by defeating the Shiv sena candidate, Bhagyashree Randhwe. The BJP holds majority in the 18 member town council.

Alandi comes under the Pune district sub-division of Khed taluka. It is a part of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly constituency of Khed Alandi which in turn belongs to Shirur parliamentary constituency. At present, the assembly seat is held by Nationalist Congress Party's Dr. Amol Kolhe.

Dnyaneshwar samadhi
Alandi is a well known place of pilgrimage for Hindu Marathi people because of the town's association with Dnyaneshwar. His devotees believe that he is still alive. A temple complex was built at Dnyaneshwar's samadhi and is visited by pilgrims, especially those of the Varkari sect. The Ekadashi of the dark half of each month attracts 60–70 thousand pilgrims to the town.

Pandharpur vari
Every year, the Paduka (symbolic sandals) of Dnyaneshwar go on a 21-day Palkhi from Alandi to reach Pandharpur on Ashadhi Ekadashi (June or July in the Gregorian calendar). The Palkhi procession is joined by hundreds of thousand of Varkari devotees for the 150 km journey.

Kartik Festival
The biggest festival in Alandi is held every year on Kartika Vadya Ekadashi (the eleventh day of the dark fortnight of the Hindu month of Kartik in the Shalivana Shaka calendar). The festival falls close to the day Dnyaneshwar entered Samadhi. This festival or yatra is attended by pilgrims and has a significant economic impact for the local population.

Indrayani river
Bathing in the Indrayani River has special significance for pilgrims to Alandi. However, the river is heavily polluted because of sewage discharge by towns along its course and contains high amount of Fecal coliform.

Being a pilgrim center, the stretch of Indrayani River at Alandi, by tradition, has been designated a sanctuary and no fishing takes place. This acts as a sanctuary for river fish such as the Deccan Mahseer.

Pilgrims perform Parikrama around the town during their visit.

Other places of religious significance
The places of interest to pilgrims in and around Alandi include:
 * The Dnyaneshwar Samadhi Complex that includes the Samadhi, the Shri Sidheshwar temple and the famed Ajanvriksha tree.
 * The ghats on the banks of the Indrayani river. Many people bring ashes of their relatives to be ceremoniously immersed in the river at the ghat.
 * Ram Mandir, near the banks of the Indrayani River, south of the Samadhi mandir, is one of the many large temples in Alandi.
 * Laxmi Narayan Mandir – is located South to Samadhi mandir, adjacent to Ram mandir, near the River ghat.
 * The Vitthal-Rukmini Temple.
 * Dnyaneshwari Mandir – a modern multi story temple of the Govind Maharaj organization.
 * Narsimha Saraswati Math – west of Dnyaneshwar Samadhi Complex en route to the Dnyaneshwari Mandir.
 * Shree Gajanan Maharaj Temple complex, south of the Dnyaneshwar Samadhi Complex
 * Dnyaneshwar's Wall – according to legend when the Sant Changdev came to visit Dnyaneshwar on a tiger with a snake as a whip, Dnyaneshwar and his siblings went to meet him riding on a wall that moved.
 * Sant Jalaram Temple: This temple was built in the 1960s with the same architectural design as the one in Virpur, Gujarat. There is also a temple of Santoshi Mata in the same temple complex.
 * The town has a number of Ved Shalas that offer study of the Vedas.

Nearby places of historical and religious significance

 * Sambhaji Raje Bhosle Memorial: in Tulapur village, approximately 6 km from Alandi. A memorial to the son of Chhatrapati Shivaji and the second Chhatrapati of Maratha Empire.
 * Dehu: the birth, work and worship place of Sant Tukaram and from where the Sant Tukaram flew to Vaikuntha on eagle.

Accommodation
The town has dozens of dharmshalas that provide lodgings to pilgrims from their respective communities such as the Padmashali or Maheshwari. A number of these places also have their own shrines to different deities and Varkari Sants.

Pilgrim services
The economy of Alandi was historically based around its status as a place of pilgrimage. Although the major festivals in the town are held only twice a year, pilgrims from all over Maharashtra visit the place throughout the year. The needs of the pilgrims are catered for by groups of Brahmins who officiate at the samadhi, weddings, or religious services to the bereaved. Vendors outside the main temple complex offer goods, such as garlands and turmeric, for worshipping at the samadhi along with religious souvenirs and books. Marathi Hindu castes such as the Padmashali have built Dharmashalas (Pilgrim rest houses) that offer accommodation to pilgrims from their castes. The temple's two main festivals occur in Shaka month of Jyeshtha (late June - early July), when the Dnyaneshwar's palkhi departs for the Pandharpur Wari, and in the second half of the Shaka month of Kartik (November). During these festivals, a significant percentage of local population earns income by offering accommodation, catering and other services to the pilgrims. However, a significant number residents also have negative feelings about these festivals. The local Municipal council also collects pilgrim or goods tax for public health provision. A report for Pune metropolitan area in 1991 stated that because of religious nature of the place, industry will not be allowed in Alandi.

Wedding venue
Alandi is a popular wedding. venue. During the Hindu wedding season, around 300-400 marriages take place daily. The weddings attract about 50-75,000 visitors per year. The numerous dharmashala in the town serve as the venues for the wedding ceremony.

Public health and the Environment
As a major pilgrimage center, Alandi receives millions of visitors per annum. However, the town does not have proper underground drainage system. The open storm water drains carry both the storm water and untreated sewerage to the Indrayani river. Studies show that the river is highly polluted at Alandi due to local factors as well as due to activities upstream.

The town also suffers from noise pollution due to the cultural and religious activities. Although the use of loudspeakers is prohibited after 10:00pm in urban areas, temples are exempted. The temple activities start by dawn for various prayers such as Bhajan, and Kirtan and continue until midnight with public address system. The numerous wedding ceremonies also add to noise pollution. A study performed at different locations in the town revealed noise levels exceeding those set by the Central Pollution Control Board (the Indian federal authority addressing pollution related issues).

title: Alandi


text:
Segura, Gipuzkoa

Segura is a small town and municipality in the Goierri region of the province of Gipuzkoa in the autonomous community of the Basque Country in northern Spain.

title: Segura, Gipuzkoa


text:
Talk:Gochujang

"History" section
To summarize: this section is POV pushing, reads like a diatribe not an encyclopedia article, and cites self-published sources to make its core argument ("gochutruth.wordpress.com"). I see the content was removed once and this was reverted. I am proposing that it be removed again. We must follow the consensus of reliable sources, not cobble together an argument from tangentially related research and nationalist blogs. 20:29, 23 May 2024 (UTC)

 * The Horticulture Journal should is not likely an unreliable ad nationalistic source with all Japanese authors publishing a peer reviewed work theorizing that in the 16th century Japan obtained chili pepper from Korea. The Japanese are claiming the opposite based on their own historical documents that Korean gochu pepper existed before the 16th century since Goryeo (Korai) times.  Why would Japanese make such a claim which is based on their own historical texts and how is this nationalisitic?  Oddly, Japanese research then becomes tangential research simply because it goes against the insistence of Columbian Exchange Theory imposed on Korean cuisine.  Then strange claims arise that gochujang must be made with black pepper despite no such thing exists in Korean cuisine, a claim that was left unchallenged.  For example, the Jibyeongyuseol is mentioned but the exact quote is never provided is left unchallenged, but when the actual quote is provided (from an English language blog and the Korean article to blog duly referenced)  nammancho "southern barbarian pepper" that Koreans considered poisonous raises questions.  The blogs referenced have English translations are included for further explanations for non-Korean speakers, but perhaps not essential with AI translators available.  The Columbian Exchange Theory seems to be unilaterally applied to Asia after successfully applied to Europe.  Yet any attempt to bring up evidence demonstrating the misapplications is taken a nationalistic.  Writing in an encylopedic manner will be a skill one has to develop and patience is needed for beginners to practice while attempting to make earnest constributions in the communal spirit of Wikipedia as a knowledge base that evolves as new evidence corrects misconceptions.   The Columbian Exchange Theory is not set in stone.  Please search for an NPR 2013 article "How The Sweet Potato Crossed The Pacific Way Before The Europeans Did" NPR January 23, 2013 to see how the potato crossed the Pacific Ocean. JakHoDo (talk) 22:29, 23 May 2024 (UTC)
 * This history section is the equivalent of the "Earth" page having it's size and shape section devoted to flat-earth theory. The entire history section here should be deleted. The issue I'm guessing is that the original author is going to revert, and is clearly not amenable to reason. I'm not into Wikipedia editing, but I just want to encourage you to go ahead and delete if you have a solution. 202.58.131.46 (talk) 23:12, 23 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gochujang


text: User talk:81.153.51.254

title: User talk:81.153.51.254


text:
Hildegarde

Hildegarde Loretta Sell, known as Hildegarde (February 1, 1906 – July 29, 2005) was an American cabaret singer, who was well known for the song "Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup".

Early life
She was born Hildegarde Loretta Sell in Adell, Wisconsin, and raised in New Holstein, Wisconsin, as a Roman Catholic in a family of German extraction. She trained at Marquette University's College of Music in the 1920s.

Vaudeville and cabaret
Hildegarde worked in vaudeville and traveling shows throughout her career, appearing across the United States and Europe. She was known for 70 years as The Incomparable Hildegarde, a title bestowed on her by columnist Walter Winchell. She was also nicknamed the "First Lady of the Supper Clubs" by Eleanor Roosevelt.

She was once referred to as a "luscious, hazel-eyed Milwaukee blonde who sings the way Garbo looks". During the peak of Hildegarde's popularity in the 1930s and 1940s, she was booked in cabarets and supper clubs at least 45 weeks a year. Her recordings sold in the hundreds of thousands, and her admirers ranged from soldiers during World War II to King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and the Duke of Windsor. On some of her recordings, she was accompanied by band leader Carroll Gibbons. During most of the 1940s she appeared on Raleigh Room, an NBC Radio program.

She wore elegant gowns and long gloves: "Miss Piggy stole the gloves idea from me," she once said. A noted flirt, Hildegarde told risqué anecdotes while giving long-stemmed roses to men in her audience. During one performance, she waltzed with a U.S. Senator. She is credited with starting a single-name vogue among entertainers. Investments and work in ads for a bottled-water company, barley vitamins and a bathtub device gave her a comfortable income through the rock era.

She appeared on the cover of Life in 1939, and Revlon introduced a Hildegarde shade of lipstick and nail polish. She was an inspiration for Liberace, who once acknowledged her influence on his performances: "Hildegarde was perhaps the most famous supper-club entertainer who ever lived. I used to absorb all the things she was doing, all the showmanship she created. It was marvelous to watch her, wearing elegant gowns, surrounded with roses and playing with white gloves on. They used to literally roll out the red carpet for her".

Television and stage
From the 1950s through the 1970s, in addition to her cabaret performances and record albums, Hildegarde appeared in a number of television specials and toured with the national company of the Stephen Sondheim musical Follies.

She appeared as the celebrity mystery guest on What's My Line? on May 8, 1955. After a question from Bennett Cerf about her handing out roses, to which she replied "I don't hand them out, I throw them out!", Dorothy Kilgallen correctly guessed it was her.

Hildegarde sang a presidential nomination campaign song for Margaret Chase Smith's unsuccessful 1964 campaign for president; the song was called "Leave It to the Girls", and was written by Gladys Shelley.

Personal life and death
Hildegarde never married, although she was quoted as saying, "I traveled all my life, met a lot of men, had a lot of romances, but it never worked out. It was always 'hello and goodbye'". She was the business partner and good friend of Anna Sosenko, an aspiring songwriter whom she met at a boarding house in Camden, New Jersey at the beginning of her career. That relationship ended in litigation over the control of receipts from their joint efforts. Her autobiography, Over 50... So What!, was published by Doubleday in 1961.

She died at the age of 99 in a Manhattan hospital on July 29, 2005, of natural causes.

Archives

 * Hildegarde Sell Papers in the Marquette University Archives
 * Hildegarde papers, 1936-1978, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

title: Hildegarde