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Kevan Barlow

Kevan Courtney Barlow (born January 7, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers and was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the third round of the 2001 NFL draft. He played in the NFL for the 49ers, New York Jets, and Pittsburgh Steelers.

Early life
Barlow played his high school football at Peabody High School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. As his team’s star player, he led them to the City League Championship three consecutive times.

During his high school career, Barlow was a two-time All-City selection, a Pittsburgh Post Gazette City League Player of the Year, and also a member of the Post Gazette Fabulous 22. Barlow was selected to play in the prestigious Big 33 Football Classic all-star game. He was compared to NFL hall of famer Curtis Martin during his high school career. After his senior season, he committed to playing for the University of Pittsburgh.

Barlow was inducted into the Pittsburgh City League High School Hall of Fame in 2017.

College career
Barlow attended the University of Pittsburgh where he played before entering the NFL draft. During his college career, he rushed 486 times for 2,324 yards (4.78 yards per rush) and 20 touchdowns.

In Barlow's junior year, he was named to the All Big East team. He scored the final touchdown at Pitt Stadium at 7:06 PM, just minutes before a record crowd of 60,190 people rushed the field and tore down the goal posts.

Barlow played in the final college game at Three Rivers Stadium, gaining 274 rushing yards and scoring four touchdowns against the West Virginia on November 24, 2000. During this game, Barlow gained the most rushing yards against the Mountaineers breaking Syracuse's Larry Csonka’s record of 216 yards in a game against West Virginia in 1965. When he left school, he was ranked 11th on the school's career scoring list with 144 points and a total of three 200 yard games.

In 2010, Barlow was ranked top 10 in the Big East in multiple categories including rushing attempts (4th with 197), rushing yards (3rd with 1,053), rushing yards per attempt (7th with 5.3), rushing touchdowns (7th with 8), plays from scrimmage (3rd with 210), yards from scrimmage (4th with 1,187), touchdowns from scrimmage (8th with 9), and overall touchdowns (9th with 9).

Barlow was named in the list of the greatest running backs in the University of Pittsburgh's history. He was also listed by ESPN sports analyst Mel Kiper Jr. as one of the top running backs available for the National Football League Draft. He finished 7th on Pittsburgh's list for career rushing yards with 2,234.

Professional career
Barlow was drafted in the 3rd round (80th overall) of the 2001 NFL draft by the San Francisco 49ers and signed a $3.8 million contract over three years. Denver Head Coach Mike Shanahan congratulated the 49ers for picking "the best back in the draft." He played a total of seven seasons in the NFL including five with San Francisco.

San Francisco 49ers
Barlow started his first professional game in the NFL on December 7, 2003, against the Arizona Cardinals, after the 49er's starting running back Garrison Hearst was injured during the third quarter of a game against the Baltimore Ravens the week prior. The 49ers won the game 50–14 with Barlow rushing for 154 yards and a touchdown. Although he only started nine games, he finished the 2003 season leading the 49ers in rushing with 1,024 yards. He also rushed for 6 touchdowns and averaged 5.1 yards per carry. Barlow and Hearst combined to run for 1,792 yards during this year.

In 2002, after the 49ers training camp, Barlow played in an exhibition game against the Washington Redskins in Osaka, Japan as part of the American Bowl series.

After a breakout 2003 season in which Barlow had a 5.1 yard per carry average and 1024 yards, he became a restricted free agent. The 49ers gave him the starting job by releasing Garrison Hearst and signing him to a long-term deal for five years $28 million. The terms included $20 million, of an $8 million signing bonus fully guaranteed. Barlow suffered a knee injury that spanned for multiple games, crippling his play.

The 2005 season seemed to mark a rebound in his running game. His play was severely affected when he received another knee injury, cutting his season short. He had 420 yards on 102 carries for a 4.0 average through 7 games before being sidelined due to injury.

Barlow appeared in 72 games for the 49ers. He rushed for 3,614 yards and 24 touchdowns on 891 carries. He also added 1,143 yards on 137 catches.

New York Jets
Looking to replace Curtis Martin, after he suffered a serious knee injury, the New York Jets acquired Barlow from the 49ers on August 20, 2006, in exchange for their fourth round draft pick in the 2007 NFL draft. He was given an honorable mention by Bleacher Report as one of the best trades in the New York Jets' history. As part of the deal, the Jets assumed the remainder of his contract which had three seasons remaining at base salaries of $2.5 million (2006), $3.25 million (2007) and $4 million (2008).

Barlow appeared in twelve games for the Jets but only started three. He rushed for 370 yards and scored 6 touchdowns. Due to another knee injury, he was placed on injury reserve and was subsequently released on February 21, 2007.

Pittsburgh Steelers
After the Pittsburgh Steelers were unable to draft a running back during the 2007 NFL draft, Barlow met with the team on May 4, 2007, eventually signing a one-year contract with them on May 10, 2007. Barlow signed a one-year contract with the Steelers on May 10, 2007. He was expected to share running-back duties with starter Willie Parker. Barlow was released on August 27, 2007 due to a career-ending knee injury.

Philanthropy
While a member of the 49ers, Barlow would make routine visits to San Quentin State Prison to visit inmates and give them encouragement for post-prison life. Barlow also spent time reading to kids at different schools in the San Francisco area and also visited kids at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital.

Barlow has been a long-time advocate for children's cancer charities. He has rallied with former San Francisco mayor, Lieutenant Governor, and Governor Gavin Newsom at charity events to combat breast cancer. In 2012, Barlow released a statement in support of new cancer treatments including a finding that folic acid playing a significant role in reducing the rates of two childhood cancers.

Barlow is also an outspoken supporter of the YMCA. He is involved in the YMCA's day summer camp program and other programs for kids offered by the YMCA.

title: Kevan Barlow


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Battle of Inchon

Battle of Inchon
Self Nomination (Neutrality orginally started the page for Dannys Contest but I added much of the content). I believe the article contains a lot of information about a significant battle in the Korean War. It was refered to peer review and only two coments were made, both of which I adressed. [[User:BrokenSegue|BrokenSegue]] 20:10, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support: A well written, concise account. Giano 13:21, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 18:23, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. (1) Needs a thorough copyedit. Check spelling (e.g. "Koreann") ; some things don't match Wikipedia style conventions, e.g. "0630 hours" for "06:30"; initialisms given but never used; abbreviations not expanded, e.g. "Lt." for "Lieutenant"; mispunctuation (mostly hyphens for dashes) etc etc. (2) Under "combatants" the article lists United Nations and also United States. Wasn't the latter a member of the former? Does the list of nations in the box represent an exhaustive list of troops present? The text could explain. (3) Two weeks is not several weeks. (4) No explanation of the military background to the assault, i.e. South Korean and UN forces trapped at Pusan. (5) Why the October 1 date for the end of the battle? Does the battle of Seoul deserve its own article or do you plan to include it here? (6) There ought to be eyewitness accounts that can be quoted. (7) The lead paragraph ought to note who was involved. (8) Was Kim Il Sung really the North Korean commander in the battle? We have (or should have) a principle of naming the most junior officer who was in tactical command of all the forces in a battle. (I understand that it might be hard to work out who this was in the NKPA, but in that case you might just write "unknown" and leave it to a later researcher to find out). Gdr 15:06, 2004 Dec 13 (UTC)
 * I'll try to respond to some more of your criticisms later...I have more work than expected. First off, I agree having a someone below Kim Il Sung would be nice but from what I've read Sung was actively part of strategic decision making, so instead of leaving it entriely blank I added him to the list. Second, not many nations were part of the invasion (I added Canada today and mentioned its role) since the ugliest part of the war hadn't begun. Finally, the Battle of Seoul idea was considered in peer review. I posted some discussion on a split but got no feedback. I included that information in the Aftermath heading as to seperate it from the actual invasion. More discussion in the coming days (hoepefully :). [[User:BrokenSegue|BrokenSegue]]
 * Battle of Chosin Reservoir was next, not Seoul. Wolfman 03:27, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * To Wolfman: Not so. There were four battles of Seoul in the Korean War. Here we're obviously talking about the one in September 1950 that immediately followed the battle of Inchon. To BrokenSegue: (1) I think it makes sense to split the battle of Seoul to a new page. If you feel that the two battles belong together, then the page ought to have a title that indicates the wider scope, perhaps Operation Chromite. (2) You removed the list of nations from the infobox but didn't put them anywhere else. A definitive list needs to go somewhere. (3) Someone removed the useful map showing where the landings took place and replaced it with two maps of Korea. Please restore the map of the landings (if copyright permits) and remove one of the maps of Korea. Gdr 14:41, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC)
 * it seems a large number of changes have occured in the last 24 hours that removed some content. I didn't remove the list of nations, Neutrality did. I'm going to put the list back in now and I'm pritty sure the image of the battle arrows is not a copyvio so I'll put that back too. As too splitting, I'm against it, I'd rather change the article to Operation Chromite. [[User:BrokenSegue|BrokenSegue]]
 * Support once thoroughly vetted. -Joseph (Talk) 21:30, 2004 Dec 13 (UTC)
 * Support, but do something about that map of Korea, because it doesn't clearly show me where Incheon is. - Ta bu shi da yu 05:43, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Object. It is difficult to find information on battle before and battle after. It should be added to the battlebox and to lead. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 17:24, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm going to make a campaign box which will include the war timeline and put the article into perspective. [[User:BrokenSegue|BrokenSegue]]
 * Support. -- ALoan (Talk) 11:48, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User:Naturenet/Copyrights

title: User:Naturenet/Copyrights


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Babel Proclamation

The Babel Proclamation was issued by Iowa's Governor William L. Harding on May 23, 1918. It forbade the speaking of any language besides English in public. The proclamation was controversial, supported by many established English-speaking Iowans and notably opposed by citizens who spoke languages other than English. Harding repealed it on December 4, 1918. The Babel Proclamation marked the peak of a wave of anti-German sentiment in Iowa during World War I.

Rise in anti-German sentiment
As America became involved in World War I on the side of the Allies and against Germany, the nation saw a rise in anti-German sentiment. Nativism, which had existed before the war, became increasingly mainstream as a result of American intervention. The state of Iowa saw a particularly large rise in anti-German sentiment. On November 23, 1917, the Iowa State Council for Defense determined that German should not be taught in public schools and took actions to that effect, such as burning German books. Iowa also saw places that had German-related names renamed, such as Germania being renamed to Lakota. Some German-Americans were attacked for speaking their language in public. In 1900 there were 46 German-language newspapers in Iowa; 20 years later there were just 16.

Description
The Governor of Iowa, William L. Harding, issued the Babel Proclamation on May 23, 1918. It stated that Iowa schools must teach their courses in English, public conversations had to be in English, addresses in public were to be given in English, and religious services were to be in English. Harding asserted that allowing languages other than English to be spoken "disturbs the peace and quiet of the community" and would lead to "discord among neighbors and citizens." He maintained that all non-English languages could be used to spread German propaganda. He further argued that the proclamation would "save the lives of American boys overseas by curbing sedition at home." Harding stated that the proclamation should be treated as law, although it was accused of violating the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech. He argued that the amendment did not apply to languages other than English.

In response to the mandate, there were several protests, including one led by a priest at St. Wenceslaus Catholic Church on May 30. Scandinavian speakers were not excluded from the discrimination; one Lutheran pastor wrote to his representative in May 1918 complaining that half his congregation would be unable to understand the service if it were not conducted in Norwegian, the language in which he had been preaching for the past 40 years. However, it was generally popular among English-speaking, well established Iowans. Former US President Theodore Roosevelt publicly supported Harding's decision in a speech given on May 27, saying "America is a nation—not a polyglot boarding house... There can be but one loyalty—to the Stars and Stripes; one nationality—the American—and therefore only one language—the English language." Virtually all ethnic minorities who spoke languages other than English opposed the proclamation to some extent. The proclamation was seriously enforced, and many "patriotic organizations" issued fines to violators. The majority of violators were caught when telephone operators listened to conversations for violations. For instance, in Le Claire Township, Scott County, four or five women received fines after they spoke German over the telephone. They ended up paying $225, which was donated to the Red Cross. Nebraska issued a similar proclamation. Across the Midwestern United States, 18,000 people eventually faced charges of violating English mandates.

The proclamation became "the major political issue" in Iowa for 1918. The Des Moines Register led opposition, publishing several op-eds against the proclamation. A Jewish leader in Des Moines contacted Louis Marshall, then the president of the American Jewish Committee, for advice. Marshall responded that he couldn't "conceive the possibility that the people of any state could be guilty of such an absurdity." However, he advised the Jewish community to avoid publicly going against the proclamation. On June 13 Marshall wrote a letter of protest to Harding.

People debated the proclamation across the state and more generally what it meant to be "American". Some newspapers called English "American", as calling it English would suggest that it was "borrowed, and therefore any European tongue would be as legitimate as English." After World War I ended, Harding repealed the proclamation on December 4, 1918.

Legacy
A 2018 op-ed published in The Des Moines Register called the Babel Proclamation "perhaps the most infamous executive order" in Iowa's history. Several articles have cited the proclamation as an early example of anti-immigrant sentiment. A hearing in the United States House of Representatives in 2006 called the proclamation "the most famous" of several "English-only" restrictions passed around the same time.

title: Babel Proclamation


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Tim Rattay

Timothy F. Rattay (born March 15, 1977) is an American football coach and former player who is the quarterbacks coach for the Oklahoma State Cowboys. Prior to becoming a coach, Rattay played as a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) and United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Louisiana Tech Bulldogs, and was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the seventh round of the 2000 NFL draft.

Rattay was also a member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Tennessee Titans, Arizona Cardinals, and Las Vegas Locomotives.

Early life
Rattay's high school career began at Mesa High School in Mesa, Arizona. He did not take snaps as a sophomore or junior at Mesa High before transferring to Phoenix Christian when his father, Jim, became an assistant.

Because he was a backup, Rattay did not play until his senior year at Phoenix Christian, where he set a school record with 40 touchdown passes in 1994.

Scottsdale CC
Rattay was not scouted by a major college, so he played a year at Scottsdale Community College, where he beat out five quarterbacks ahead of him on the depth chart to earn the starting spot the week of the season opener. He led the nation's junior-college quarterbacks in touchdown passes (28) and yardage (3,526).

Louisiana Tech
Tim Rattay then transferred to Louisiana Tech, in Ruston. There he set several NCAA records, finishing his career with the NCAA Division I-A records for average passing yards per game, 386.2, and total offensive yards, 12,643. He was in the top 10 voting for the Heisman in 1998, which is awarded to the most outstanding college football player. In 1998, he broke school records as a senior with 4,943 yards and 46 touchdowns to finish with what was, at the time, third in NCAA history in single-season yardage. His 1998 season is, as of 2020, 19th all-time. He finished his college career #2 all-time in passing TDs.

San Francisco 49ers
Tim Rattay entered the league as the seventh-round pick (212th overall) of the San Francisco 49ers in the 2000 NFL draft. Rattay outperformed fellow rookie Giovanni Carmazzi, who'd been taken in the third round (65th overall, 147 spots ahead of Rattay), to earn a roster spot as a backup to starting quarterback Jeff Garcia. Starting in place of an injured Garcia, Rattay won 2 of 3 games in 2003, throwing 7 touchdowns and just 2 interceptions, before getting injured. When Garcia was released from the team in March 2004, largely due to salary cap constraints, Rattay was given the starting job. From 2004–2005 he went 2–11 playing for the 49ers.

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
On October 18, 2005, Rattay was acquired by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for a 6th-round 2006 NFL draft pick from the San Francisco 49ers.

Late in the 2006 season, Rattay stepped in as the starting quarterback for the Buccaneers due to the poor play of Bruce Gradkowski. In the week 15 game against the Chicago Bears, he entered the game with Tampa Bay losing 14–3. Due to his strong performance, Tampa Bay tied the game at 31, but they eventually lost in overtime 34–31. This performance led head coach Jon Gruden to name Rattay as the team's third different starting quarterback in the 2006 season.

Tennessee Titans
On May 9, 2007, Rattay signed as a free agent with the Tennessee Titans. The following month Gruden would name Jeff Garcia Rattay's successor as the Buccaneers' starting quarterback. Rattay signed with Tennessee to be a backup before 2007's training camp. He made the team's 53 man roster, but was cut the next day.

Arizona Cardinals
On October 9, 2007, Rattay signed a one-year contract with the Arizona Cardinals as a backup to Kurt Warner, following a season-ending collarbone injury to starting quarterback Matt Leinart. Rattay would replace Warner in goal-line situations, where he went 3 for 3 with all 3 being touchdowns. Rattay declined to sign for another year, and decided to test the free agent market.

In September 2008, there were rumors that the New England Patriots considered signing Rattay after Tom Brady was lost for the entire 2008 season. In the 2000 NFL draft, the Patriots considered drafting Rattay but opted for Brady instead. The Patriots brought Rattay to Foxboro along with Chris Simms, but once they arrived, they were told that, since Matt Cassel had emerged, the situation had changed and Simms and Rattay were no longer needed in New England.

A month later, Rattay worked out with the Detroit Lions, but they never made an offer to him.

Las Vegas Locomotives
In July 2009, Rattay signed with the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Football League. Head coach Jim Fassel said that Rattay would serve as the backup to J. P. Losman. On November 21, Rattay started for an injured Losman and led the Locomotives with two touchdown passes in a blowout win against the New York Sentinels.

On July 12, 2010 Rattay announced his retirement from professional football.

Career achievements

 * Rattay is one of only three 7th-round or undrafted quarterback since 1995 (out of a pool of 30 such players) to pass for more than 400 yards in a game. Matt Cassel accomplished this twice in 2008, and Tony Romo in 2010.
 * Rattay broke the San Francisco 49ers team record for the most completions in a 31–28 win against the Arizona Cardinals on October 10, 2004, when he completed 38 passes, breaking Joe Montana's record of 37.
 * Rattay is the only quarterback in NFL history to throw three consecutive passes all going for touchdowns, as he did for the Arizona Cardinals in 2007.
 * Rattay was responsible for the biggest comeback in Buccaneers history on December 17, 2006, when he led the team back from a 21-point 3rd quarter deficit against the eventual NFC Champion Chicago Bears, throwing for three touchdowns in the fourth quarter and sending the game into overtime before the Buccaneers lost, 34–31.

Las Vegas Locomotives
Following his retirement, Rattay joined the Locomotives coaching staff as wide receivers coach on July 18, 2011.

Louisiana Tech
Skip Holtz hired Rattay to be the Louisiana Tech wide receivers coach prior to the 2013 football season.

Washington Redskins
On February 8, 2019, Rattay joined the Washington Redskins staff as a quarterbacks coach.

Oklahoma State Cowboys
Rattay joined the Oklahoma State Cowboys football team as their quarterbacks coach on January 10, 2020.

title: Tim Rattay


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Smith-class destroyer

The Smith-class destroyers were the first ocean-going torpedo-boat destroyers in the United States Navy, and the first to be driven by steam turbines instead of the reciprocating engines fitted in the sixteen earlier and much smaller torpedo-boat destroyers ordered under the Act of 4 May 1898. USS Flusser (DD-20) and USS Reid (DD-21) are sometimes considered to be Flusser-class ships. Also, since Flusser was completed first, some period documentation refers to the entire class as Flussers.

The first three of the class were ordered under the Act of 29 June 1906 "to have the highest practical speed, and to cost, exclusive of armament, not to exceed seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars each". The remaining pair were ordered under the Act of 7 March 1907 "to have the highest practical speed, and to cost, exclusive of armament, not to exceed eight hundred thousand dollars each".

All of the ships served as convoy escorts in World War I, and several attacked U-boats. The latter four vessels were all sold in November 1919 following the end of World War I; Smith survived another two years as a bombing target until scrapped.

Design
These were the first turbine-powered destroyers in US service, and the last to be coal-fired. Surprisingly, turbines were dictated by cost; when bids were opened, all of the turbine-powered proposals were lower than all of the reciprocating proposals. The Smiths were greatly enlarged Truxtun-class destroyers; at 900 tons full load they were 50% larger. The extra displacement went into increased armament and more powerful machinery to maintain the Truxtuns' 28 kn speed. The raised forecastle improved seaworthiness. Also, the coal capacity was increased to 304 tons, nearly half the total full load displacement of the previous class. The increased size and range meant that these were the US Navy's first truly ocean-going destroyers, capable of operating with battleships on long voyages. The seizure of the Philippines in the Spanish–American War and the acquisition of Hawaii, both in 1898, had shown the need for long-range ships. Shortly before the Smith class entered service, the Great White Fleet of 1907–09 demonstrated that the US Navy was prepared to operate far from home. Ironically, these destroyers would quickly be nicknamed "flivvers" (after the small and shaky Model T Ford) for their small size when the subsequent "thousand tonners" (Cassin-class destroyer through Sampson-class destroyeres) entered service in 1913.

It was recognized that destroyers would now be fighting other destroyers rather than torpedo boats, and that destroyers also needed more offensive (aka torpedo) capability to take over the torpedo boats' role, while retaining the range and seakeeping qualities to operate with the battle fleet. This was the beginning of the multiple missions that US destroyers would eventually be expected to perform, including anti-submarine warfare beginning in World War I and anti-air warfare beginning in the 1930s.

Armament
Compared with the Truxtuns, the gun armament was increased to five 3 in/50 caliber guns; smaller guns were deleted to maximize the number of larger guns. This followed a trend set by the rearmament of the British River-class destroyers in 1906, which reflected the "all big gun" design of the battleship HMS Dreadnought (1906). A third 18 in torpedo tube was added, and one torpedo reload per tube was provided. In 1911 it was noted that torpedoes fired from the stern mount at a ship's speed much above 20 knots ran erratically due to the stern wave deflecting them.

In 1916, all had their single torpedo tubes replaced by twin mounts (with no reloads) while one 3-inch gun was removed. This was an easy upgrade, as the new design twin mounts actually weighed less than the older single mounts. They were equipped with one or two depth charge racks for convoy escort during World War I.

Engineering
Unlike the earlier 16 destroyers, these turbine-driven vessels were triple-screw. The ships' steam turbines were direct drive and arranged in a similar manner to Sir Charles Parsons' Turbinia, with a high-pressure turbine on the center shaft exhausting to two low-pressure turbines on the outboard shafts. Cruising turbines were also fitted on the outboard shafts to improve fuel economy at low speeds, a problem that would plague turbine-powered ships until fully geared turbines and higher steam pressures and temperatures were introduced during World War I. To attempt to find a middle ground between the turbines' high efficient speed and the propellers' low efficient speed, the maximum shaft speed was 724 rpm, over twice that of a modern ship.

All had two widely spaced pairs of funnels except for Smith, which had the first and fourth funnels separated from the middle pair.

Smith had four Mosher coal-fired boilers supplying steam to three steam turbines totaling 10000 shp (design). She made 28.35 kn on trials at 9946 shp. Normal coal capacity was 304 tons.

title: Smith-class destroyer


text:
Fred Beasley

Frederick Jerome Beasley (born September 18, 1974) is an American former football fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Auburn Tigers and was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 1998 NFL draft.

High school years
Beasley attended Robert E. Lee High School in Montgomery, Alabama and earned letters in football and track. In football, he was a two-time All-State honoree, won back-to-back state championships and as a senior, he was a USA Today All-USA selection and named an All-American by Parade. In track, he was a three-time State Champion on the decathlon. His head coach was Legendary Hall of Famer Spence McCracken. His Home Economics teacher went out on maternity leave, so his full-time substitute was future State Champion basketball Coach Scott C. Davis.

College career
Beasley attended Auburn University, and was a star in football. He split time between fullback and tailback and finished his career with 1,241 rushing yards, 567 receiving yards, and 16 rushing touchdowns. In a 1997 game against the Georgia Bulldogs, a match widely considered the "Deep South's Oldest Rivalry," Beasley plowed over current Georgia Bulldogs head coach, Kirby Smart, who was attempting to tackle him.

Professional career
Beasley was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 1998 NFL draft with the 180th overall pick, and spent the next eight seasons with the franchise. At one time, Beasley was widely regarded as the best blocking fullback in the NFL. In 2002 and 2003, he was selected all-pro as a fullback. In 2003, he was named the NFC Pro Bowl team's starting fullback. Following his release from San Francisco following the 2005 season, he signed with the Miami Dolphins but was released early in the season.

He signed with the Washington Redskins to a one-year contract. He was released on September 1, 2007.

NFL statistics
Rushing Stats

Receiving Stats

title: Fred Beasley


text:
Pogoń Ruska coat of arms

Pogoń Ruska is a Polish coat of arms with Ruthenian roots. It was used by several princely families of the stock from the Rurik dynasty in the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

History
The Ruthenian Pogonia is the coat of arms of the Kyivan princes. Yaroslav the Wise had a Christian name, Yurii (George), in honor of St. George the Serpent-Slayer. The Ruthenian Pogonia depicts St. George killing a serpent. This coat of arms was worn by Ruthenian (Ukrainian) princes, as well as cities such as Kyiv, Kamianets-Podilskyi, Volodymyr, Zbarazh, and Nizhyn.

Blazon
It displays Saint George defeating the dragon.

Notable bearers
Notable bearers of this coat of arms include:
 * Czetwertyński family
 * Seweryn Franciszek Światopełk-Czetwertyński
 * Antoni Stanisław Czetwertyński-Światopełk
 * Former coat of arms of the Ostrogski family

title: Pogoń Ruska coat of arms


text:
Andrew Burnaby

Andrew Burnaby (16 August 1732 – 9 March 1812) was an English clergyman and travel writer, mainly about the American colonies and Italy.

Life
He was born in Asfordby, Leicestershire, on 16 August 1732, the eldest son and namesake of the Reverend Andrew Burnaby, a well-to-do clergyman of the Church of England. The young Burnaby attended Westminster School, and then Queens' College, Cambridge, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1754 and his master's degree in 1757. After taking his BA he was ordained.

Shortly afterward he toured America, a trip which he later wrote up as a celebrated travelogue, Travels Through the Middle Settlements in North America, In the Years 1759 and 1760, which was published in 1775, and again in an enlarged form in 1798. He wrote about all of the things he saw in the colonies. His book avoids taking sides in the growing political struggles between the colonies and Britain, but he describes the discord among the states, the tensions between the colonists and the Indian tribes, and adverse "climate" in the south that "renders them indolent, inactive, and unenterprising... in every line of their character" as evidence that would prevent America from ever becoming a major power.

After his return to Europe, he became Chaplain to the British mission at Leghorn in 1762. He was posted there for about five years, rising to become Proconsul (but actually doing the job of Consul), until his eventual resignation and return to England, where he was appointed vicar at Greenwich, Kent, from 1769. He wrote an account of his travels in Corsica and Italy in 1804, but this ran to only a few copies.

Burnaby was made Doctor of Divinity and Professor of Sacred Theology at the University of Cambridge in 1776.

He married Anne Edwyn, daughter and heiress of John Edwyn of Baggrave Hall, Leicestershire, on 26 February 1770 at St George's, Hanover Square, London. This renewed his Leicestershire connection and he was made Archdeacon of Leicester in 1786. Their grandson, Edwyn Burnaby, was the maternal great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and, therefore, the great-great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II.

Burnaby died on 9 March 1812 at Blackheath, Kent, and was buried at Hungarton, Leicestershire. Anne Edwyn was baptised on 15 October 1735 at Hungarton, Leicestershire, and died there a few days after her husband, on 16 or 19 March 1812.

title: Andrew Burnaby


text:
The Negro Family: The Case For National Action

The Negro Family: The Case For National Action, commonly known as the Moynihan Report, was a 1965 report on black poverty in the United States written by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, an American scholar serving as Assistant Secretary of Labor under President Lyndon B. Johnson and later to become a US Senator. Moynihan argued that the rise in black single-mother families was caused not by a lack of jobs, but by a destructive vein in ghetto culture, which could be traced to slavery times and continued discrimination in the American South under Jim Crow.

Black sociologist E. Franklin Frazier had introduced that idea in the 1930s, but Moynihan was considered one of the first academicians to defy conventional social-science wisdom about the structure of poverty. As he wrote later, "The work began in the most orthodox setting, the US Department of Labor, to establish at some level of statistical conciseness what 'everyone knew': that economic conditions determine social conditions. Whereupon, it turned out that what everyone knew was evidently not so." The report concluded that the high rate of families headed by single mothers would greatly hinder progress of blacks toward economic and political equality. The Moynihan Report was criticized by liberals at the time of publication, and its conclusions remain controversial.

Background
While writing The Negro Family: The Case For National Action, Moynihan was employed in a political appointee position at the US Department of Labor, hired to help develop policy for the Johnson administration in its War on Poverty. In the course of analyzing statistics related to black poverty, Moynihan noticed something unusual: Rates of black male unemployment and welfare enrollment, instead of running parallel as they always had, started to diverge in 1962 in a way that would come to be called "Moynihan's scissors."

When Moynihan published his report in 1965, the out-of-wedlock birthrate among blacks was 25 percent, much higher than that of whites.

Contents
In the introduction to his report, Moynihan said that "the gap between the Negro and most other groups in American society is widening." He also said that the collapse of the nuclear family in the black lower class would preserve the gap between possibilities for Negroes and other groups and favor other ethnic groups. He acknowledged the continued existence of racism and discrimination within society, despite the victories that blacks had won by civil rights legislation.

Moynihan concluded, "The steady expansion of welfare programs can be taken as a measure of the steady disintegration of the Negro family structure over the past generation in the United States."

More than 30 years later, S. Craig Watkins described Moynihan's conclusions: Representing: Hip Hop Culture and the Production of Black Cinema (1998): "The report concluded that the structure of family life in the black community constituted a 'tangle of pathology... capable of perpetuating itself without assistance from the white world,' and that 'at the heart of the deterioration of the fabric of Negro society is the deterioration of the Negro family. It is the fundamental source of the weakness of the Negro community at the present time.' Also, the report argued that the matriarchal structure of black culture weakened the ability of black men to function as authority figures. That particular notion of black familial life has become a widespread, if not dominant, paradigm for comprehending the social and economic disintegration of late 20th-century black urban life."

Influence
The Moynihan Report generated considerable controversy and has had long-lasting and important influence. Writing to Lyndon Johnson, Moynihan argued that without access to jobs and the means to contribute meaningful support to a family, black men would become systematically alienated from their roles as husbands and fathers, which would cause rates of divorce, child abandonment and out-of-wedlock births to skyrocket in the black community (a trend that had already begun by the mid-1960s), leading to vast increases in the numbers of households headed by females.

Moynihan made a contemporaneous argument for programs for jobs, vocational training, and educational programs for the black community. Modern scholars of the 21st century, including Douglas Massey, believe that the report was one of the more influential in the construction of the War on Poverty.

In 2009 historian Sam Tanenhaus wrote that Moynihan's fights with the New Left over the report were a signal that Great Society liberalism had political challengers both from the right and from the left.

Reception and following debate
From the time of its publication, the report has been sharply attacked by black and civil rights leaders as examples of white patronizing, cultural bias, or racism. At various times, the report has been condemned or dismissed by the NAACP and other civil rights groups and leaders such as Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton. Critics accused Moynihan of relying on stereotypes of the black family and black men, implying that blacks had inferior academic performance, portrayed crime and pathology as endemic to the black community and failing to recognize that cultural bias and racism in standardized tests had contributed to apparent lower achievement by blacks in school. The report was criticized for threatening to undermine the place of civil rights on the national agenda, leaving "a vacuum that could be filled with a politics that blamed Blacks for their own troubles."

In 1987, Hortense Spillers, a black woman academic, criticized the Moynihan Report on semantic grounds for its use of "matriarchy" and "patriarchy" when he described the African-American family. She argues that the terminology used to define white families cannot be used to define African-American families because of the way slavery has affected the African-American family.

Scholar Roderick Ferguson traced the effects of the Moynihan Report in his book Aberrations in Black, noting that black nationalists disagreed with the report's suggestion that the state provide black men with masculinity, but agreed that men needed to take back the role of the patriarch. Ferguson argued that the Moynihan Report generated hegemonic discourses about minority communities and nationalist sentiments in the Black community. Ferguson uses the discourse of the Moynihan Report to inform his Queer of Color Critique, which attempts to resist national discourse while acknowledging a simultaneity of oppression through coalition building.

African-American libertarian economist and writer Walter E. Williams has praised the report for its findings. He has also said, "The solutions to the major problems that confront many black people won't be found in the political arena, especially not in Washington or state capitols." Thomas Sowell, an African-American libertarian economist as well, has also praised the Moynihan Report on several occasions. His 1982 book Race and Economics mentions Moynihan's report, and in 1998 he asserted that the report "may have been the last honest government report on race." In 2015 Sowell argued that time had proved correct Moynihan's core idea that African-American poverty was less a result of racism and more a result of single-parent families: "One key fact that keeps getting ignored is that the poverty rate among black married couples has been in single digits every year since 1994."

Political commentator Heather Mac Donald wrote for National Review in 2008, "Conservatives of all stripes routinely praise Daniel Patrick Moynihan's prescience for warning in 1965 that the breakdown of the black family threatened the achievement of racial equality. They rightly blast those liberals who denounced Moynihan's report."

Sociologist Stephen Steinberg argued in 2011 that the Moynihan report was condemned "because it threatened to derail the Black liberation movement."

Attempting to divert responsibility
Psychologist William Ryan coined the phrase "blaming the victim" in his 1971 book Blaming the Victim, specifically as a critique of the Moynihan report. He said that it was an attempt to divert responsibility for poverty from social structural factors to the behaviors and cultural patterns of the poor.

Feminist critique
Some scholars argue the Moynihan Report presents a "male-centric" view of social problems, arguing that Moynihan and similar scholarship failed to take into account basic rational incentives for marriage and that he did not acknowledge that women had historically engaged in marriage in part out of need for material resources, as adequate wages were otherwise denied by cultural traditions excluding women from most jobs outside the home. With the expansion of welfare in the US in the mid to late 20th century, women gained better access to government resources intended to reduce family and child poverty. Women also increasingly gained access to the workplace. As a result, more women were able to subsist independently when men had difficulty finding work.

Counter-response

Declaring Moynihan "prophetic," Ken Auletta, in his 1982 The Underclass, proclaimed that "one cannot talk about poverty in America, or about the underclass, without talking about the weakening family structure of the poor." Both the Baltimore Sun and the New York Times ran a series on the black family in 1983, followed by a 1985 Newsweek article called "Moynihan: I Told You So." In 1986, CBS aired the documentary The Vanishing Family, hosted by Bill Moyers, a onetime aide to President Johnson, which affirmed Moynihan's findings.

In a 2001 interview with PBS, Moynihan said: "My view is we had stumbled onto a major social change in the circumstances of post-modern society. It was not long ago in this past century that an anthropologist working in London – a very famous man at the time, Malinowski – postulated what he called the first rule of anthropology: That in all known societies, all male children have an acknowledged male parent. That's what we found out everywhere… And well, maybe it's not true anymore. Human societies change."

By the time of that interview, rates of the number of children born to single mothers had gone up in the white and Hispanic working classes as well. In November 2016, the Current Population Survey of the United States Census Bureau reported that 69 percent of children under the age of 18 lived with two parents, which was a decline from 88 percent in 1960, while the percentage of U.S. children under 18 living with one parent increased from 9 percent (8 percent with mothers, 1 percent with fathers) to 27 percent (23 percent with mothers, 4 percent with fathers).


text:
Talk:Marcus Licinius Crassus

Caesar.
There is no evidence to Caesar being a military tribune under Crassus. It is very possible for he was Tribune at the time of Spartacus's revolt, but not historical evidence can be found to back this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.46.158.75 (talk) 02:23, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

No that was an unfortunate result of the Master of Rome series that now everybody is an expert on this time in history. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.132.216.253 (talk) 05:15, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Death of Crassus
This page (now edited) repeated a story about Crassus that he was executed by having molten gold poured down his throat. Plutarch disagrees with this account, giving an entirely different version of Crassus' death. This story about Crassus' death probably comes from confusion with Appian's account of the death of Manius Aquillius at the hands of Mithridates. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.254.151.27 (talk) 20:29, 25 June 2006

biography section
I recognize some of the wording of the first paragraph of the biography section from Caesar: Life of A Colossus, by Adrian Goldsworthy. I am not very familiar with wikipedia standards regarding this, but the lack of citation, and quite probably, exact copying, is most likely a violation and needs to be looked at more closely. Other unreferenced parts of this section also fit with Goldsworthy's writing style and should be investigated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.249.79.24 (talk) 10:53, 23 December 2006

Grandfather
The roman convention indicates in a name "John Doe X F Y N" where X is the father's praenomen and Y the grandfather praenomen. How come Crassus could be name "P F P N" where both P stand for Publius, and the article says his grandfather is named Marcus? 24.200.206.181 (talk) 20:37, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

This does need resolving. Is there a source for the "P F P N" inscription? Ehrenkater (talk) 17:28, 22 June 2017 (UTC)

According to Pliny, M. Licinius Crassus Agelastus is indeed M. Licinius Crassus' grandfather (Hist. Nat., vii.18.3), and this is what Smith reports ("Crassus," Dict. of Greek & Rom. Biog. & Myth. [1870] 1:872-73, 874). Unless we get a source for the P F P N inscription, my vote is to reference this instead. --HavelockWilltravel (talk) 13:59, 15 January 2018 (UTC)

Crass error
I have deleted the silly piece of folk etymology about the expression "crass error" in Spanish (or any other language) coming from the name Crassus. It comes from the Latin "crassus" meaning "gross" (with which it is ultimately cognate), which is no doubt the origin of the Latin name. The reference to the Spanish Academy given does not support any linkage to Crassus, so whoever added this story was being dishonest as well as silly. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 07:15, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Wealth
The conception of Crassus as 'wealthiest man in history' wasn't even true in Roman times, nevermind in all of history. His reputation in this matter is not mentioned by contemporaries such as Cicero, Caesar, or Sallust - only later authors such as Plutarch made this claim. Badian noted that Pompey could have 'bought and sold Crassus'.

Crassus was certainly a man of immense wealth, but the claim to 'wealthiest man in Rome' - nevermind 'wealthiest man in histroy' is one which is completely unsourced. The difference between the richer Pompey and Crassus was that Crassus was boastful about his wealth, and Pompey was not.

I will aim to find sources from the literature, but for now there are precisely zero sources for the claim on this page (and only one on the 'list of wealthiest people' page, from a pop-history book), so the statement has no justification.

Fouriels (talk) 11:24, 7 December 2017 (UTC)

Crassus' age
I see that his date of birth was recently changed from c.115BC to 112BC. This would make him approx 59 at the time of his death. Most accounts (modern and contemporary) have him at least 60 years old at the time of his death. Plutarch says "Crassus was sixty years old and over". Most accounts age him as 61/62. Is there any consensus on exactly how old he was? --164.11.53.53 (talk) 12:43, 12 November 2018 (UTC)

 * C. 115BC seems correct. Compare Encyclopaedia Britannica or this book. I couldn't find a reliable source for 112BC. I'll change it back. Huon (talk) 19:11, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I just noticed that the infobox gives sources for 112BC. Those seem of equal quality. In such cases we should present both options unless we can find reliable sources explicitly resolving the issue (ie "born in 112, not in 115 as was previously believed due to..." or something like that). I'll leave a note at WT:WikiProject Classical Greece and Rome; maybe people there have an idea what the scholarly consensus is. Huon (talk) 19:55, 12 November 2018 (UTC)
 * It depends what you mean by "equal quality" :)
 * Encyclopedias are tertiary sources: not as good for Wikipedia as secondary sources, but they can be reliable if well edited. Whatever we might say about Britannica, it has been well edited and it has been pretty reliable for basic details, so, if it were a fight between Britannica and the Pimlico Dictionary Of Classical Civilizations (currently published by Penguin, though the title suggests it was taken over from another publisher), Britannica has the edge. The Pimlico dictionary is by a single non-specialist author, and what's quoted [in our footnote] is not even an article about Crassus. So, where did Arthur Cotterell pick up this date? How carefully did he check it? Who can say? Wikipedia has no reason to rely on him.
 * The book Primary Sources for Ancient History is different: it is compiled by a classicist who is actually a specialist in Roman republican historical sources. That should be very good. What's being cited in our footnote is not one of the primary sources implied in the book title, but Gary Forsythe's introduction to a primary source or sources. There's still nothing to say how he arrived at this date, and he's not writing about Crassus in particular. That's a tertiary source too, though by a good author.
 * [Comment added afterwards: The second link given by Huon above, supporting "115 BC", is a self-published book (the publisher is [www.lulu.com/ Lulu Press]) so definitely not a reliable source in Wikipedia terms.]
 * Higher than both of these would be a good secondary source, an article or book about Crassus's career that doesn't just give a date (or range) but discusses it or footnotes it or says how it's known. Andrew Dalby 10:21, 13 November 2018 (UTC)
 * So, I've looked via JSTOR for an article that focuses on Crassus, and found some, but none of them discusses his date of birth. The question might arise in Magistrates of the Roman Republic by T. R. S. Broughton, but I don't have access to this at home. My next thought is the biography in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Enzyklopädie (an encyclopedia, but in this case a good secondary source for us because sources are cited and discussed). This answers the question in its inimitable way. "Er wurde 115 oder 114 (Plut. Crass. 17,3) ... geboren." "He was born in 115 or 114, see Plutarch, Life of Crassus 17.3." That means that in 1926, when this article by de:Matthias Gelzer was published, there was no other known evidence than the statement by Plutarch, and no one had shown that there was any reason to question it. Well, Plutarch says (in an anecdote about early 54 BC) that Crassus was "just past his sixtieth year". So that's why people say "about 115 BC": they might say "115 or 114 BC", as Gelzer does. It's less justifiable to say "115 BC" without any vagueness, because Plutarch isn't quite precise enough for that, and there's no other primary source.
 * One still might suggest that, after Gelzer wrote in 1926, some other evidence turned up which means that the date "112 BC" is now justified, and someone has said so in a secondary source we could rely on. It's a bit hard to imagine what evidence that would be. The books by Marshall and Ward, in our bibliography, might help if anyone can get access to them. Andrew Dalby 13:26, 13 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I noticed that the book I linked to above was self-published when I tried to fill in the bibliographical details while citing it; instead I cited "Biographischer Index der Antike", a scholarly work published by a reputable publisher. Huon (talk) 00:05, 18 November 2018 (UTC)
 * That's good! I didn't notice. Andrew Dalby 12:13, 21 November 2018 (UTC)

Infobox
This article, along with several other articles about ancient Romans, was changed to use a different infobox, infobox officeholder. In consequence, there's discussion about which infobox to use and how at Talk:Julius Caesar and then at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Classical Greece and Rome as a more central location. NebY (talk) 19:47, 22 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marcus Licinius Crassus


text:
Talk:Aid to Dependent Children

Seems a strange title. Are we talking about a section of an act, named "Aid to Dependent Children" (capitalised thus) or are we talking about aid to dependent children as a general concept? Deb 20:18, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

It undoubtedly refers to the welfare program in the United States, Aid to Families with Dependent Children. I'm going to redirect there. 68.225.20.115 20:51, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aid to Dependent Children


text:
List of peers 1140–1149

Peerage of England

 * Earl of Northampton (1080)||Simon Saint-Lis, 2nd Earl of Northampton||1109||1153||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Surrey (1088)||William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey||1138||1148||Died
 * Isabel de Warenne, 4th Countess of Surrey||1148||1199||
 * Earl of Warwick (1088)||Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick||1119||1153||
 * Earl of Buckingham (1097)||Walter Giffard, 2nd Earl of Buckingham||1102||1164||
 * Earl of Leicester (1107)||Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester||1118||1168||
 * Earl of Chester (1121)||Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester||1129||1153||
 * Earl of York (1138)||William le Gros, 1st Earl of York||1138||1179||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Gloucester (1121)||Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester||1121||1147||Died
 * William Fitzrobert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester||1147||1183||
 * Earl of Hertford (1135)||Gilbert de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford||1136||1151||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Richmond (1136)||Alan de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond||1136||1146||Died
 * Conan IV, Duke of Brittany||1146||1171||
 * Earl of Arundel (1138)||William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel||1138||1176||
 * Earl of Bedford (1138)||Hugh de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Bedford||1138||1142||Forfeit
 * Earl of Derby (1138)||Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby||1139||1162||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Pembroke (1138)||Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke||1138||1147||Died
 * Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1147||1176||
 * Earl of Worcester (1138)||Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester||1138||1145||Forfeit
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Essex (1139)||Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex||1139||1144||Died
 * Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex||1144||1160||
 * Earl of Cornwall (1140)||Alain de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Cornwall||1140||1141||New creation; Deprived
 * Earl of Norfolk (1140)||Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk||1140||1177||New creation
 * Earl of Cornwall (1141)||Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall||1141||1175||New creation
 * Earl of Devon (1141)||Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon||1141||1155||New creation
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Hereford (1141)||Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford||1141||1143||New creation; Died
 * Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford||1143||1155||
 * Earl of Kent (1141)||William de Ypres, 1st Earl of Kent||1141||1155||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1141)||William de Roumare, 1st Earl of Lincoln||1141||1155||New creation
 * Earl of Oxford (1142)||Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford||1142||1194||New creation
 * Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1147)||Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln||1147||1156||New creation
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Pembroke (1138)||Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke||1138||1147||Died
 * Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1147||1176||
 * Earl of Worcester (1138)||Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester||1138||1145||Forfeit
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Essex (1139)||Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex||1139||1144||Died
 * Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex||1144||1160||
 * Earl of Cornwall (1140)||Alain de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Cornwall||1140||1141||New creation; Deprived
 * Earl of Norfolk (1140)||Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk||1140||1177||New creation
 * Earl of Cornwall (1141)||Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall||1141||1175||New creation
 * Earl of Devon (1141)||Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon||1141||1155||New creation
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Hereford (1141)||Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford||1141||1143||New creation; Died
 * Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford||1143||1155||
 * Earl of Kent (1141)||William de Ypres, 1st Earl of Kent||1141||1155||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1141)||William de Roumare, 1st Earl of Lincoln||1141||1155||New creation
 * Earl of Oxford (1142)||Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford||1142||1194||New creation
 * Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1147)||Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln||1147||1156||New creation
 * Earl of Devon (1141)||Baldwin de Redvers, 1st Earl of Devon||1141||1155||New creation
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Hereford (1141)||Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford||1141||1143||New creation; Died
 * Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford||1143||1155||
 * Earl of Kent (1141)||William de Ypres, 1st Earl of Kent||1141||1155||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1141)||William de Roumare, 1st Earl of Lincoln||1141||1155||New creation
 * Earl of Oxford (1142)||Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford||1142||1194||New creation
 * Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1147)||Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln||1147||1156||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1141)||William de Roumare, 1st Earl of Lincoln||1141||1155||New creation
 * Earl of Oxford (1142)||Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford||1142||1194||New creation
 * Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1147)||Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln||1147||1156||New creation
 * Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1147)||Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln||1147||1156||New creation
 * Earl of Lincoln (1147)||Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln||1147||1156||New creation

Peerage of Scotland

 * rowspan=2|Earl of Mar (1114)||Ruadrí, Earl of Mar||1115||Abt. 1140||Died
 * Morggán, Earl of Mar||Abt. 1140||Abt. 1178||
 * Earl of Dunbar (1115)||Gospatric III, Earl of Dunbar||1138||1166||
 * Earl of Angus (1115)||Gille Brigte, Earl of Angus||1135||1187||
 * Earl of Atholl (1115)||Máel Muire, Earl of Atholl||1115||Abt 1150||
 * Earl of Buchan (1115)||Colbán, Earl of Buchan||Abt. 1135||Abt. 1180||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Strathearn (1115)||Máel Ísu I, Earl of Strathearn||1115||Abt. 1140||Died
 * Ferchar, Earl of Strathearn||Abt. 1140||1171||
 * Earl of Fife (1129)||Donnchad I, Earl of Fife||1139||1154||
 * }
 * Earl of Buchan (1115)||Colbán, Earl of Buchan||Abt. 1135||Abt. 1180||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Strathearn (1115)||Máel Ísu I, Earl of Strathearn||1115||Abt. 1140||Died
 * Ferchar, Earl of Strathearn||Abt. 1140||1171||
 * Earl of Fife (1129)||Donnchad I, Earl of Fife||1139||1154||
 * }
 * Earl of Fife (1129)||Donnchad I, Earl of Fife||1139||1154||
 * }
 * }
 * }

title: List of peers 1140–1149


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Robart's library

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was - kept

Robart's library
This was listed on VfD by Houshuang, but a tag was not placed on the article page. I am not endorsing this vote, and I believe this listing to be VfD vandalism. -- Scott $e^{i \pi} \,\!$ 20:23, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Scott — in the future, please contact the user (in this case, User:Houshuang) if they've unappropriately half-tagged an article for deletion. It makes no sense to carry out someone elses dirty work, especially if you believe the listing to be VfD vandalism.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 09:15, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep I agree, probably vandalism. Spinboy 22:06, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. [[User:Xezbeth| Xezbeth ]] 22:12, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Mere petulance. Geogre 22:23, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. We really need to make it so that if you add the VfD tag to a page and don't create the entry, it is automatically invalidated. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 08:41, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Obviously keep; and Ливай makes a good proposal above. Samaritan 19:09, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as well. Agree with Samaritan, so where do we sign up?!  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 05:07, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and agree that VfD is in dire need of reform. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:31, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * More to the point, if someone lists an article here, but doesn't actually make an entry (i.e. we see in red Wikipedia: votes for deletion: Flaash Maah, but nothing beyond that) is there any policy saying someone else has to? Can't it be ignored unless someone else thinks it deserves nomination and wants to complete the transaction? Same if someone tags an article with "subst:vfd" template but doesn't list it here. That would stop these "Someone seems to want this deleted but I don't" listings, which are often a waste of time. If they are valid, someone who actually wants the page deleted can finish the listing and actually explain why it should maybe be deleted. I'm not sure we need a change of policy so much as we need people to stop doing other people's work for them-R. fiend 21:42, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment It seems to me that if no actual content was placed in the VfD subpage, then the submission wasn't made, and therefore there is no VfD submission to discuss or deal with. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ] ]] 19:07, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.


text:
User:Jpkoester1

Wilkommen
Welcome to the user page of Jan-Paul Köster.

Business Consultant from Munic, Germany.

=KÖSTER=

User:Jpkoester1/Vorlagen

title: User:Jpkoester1


text:
Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny

Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny (The Polish Mercury Ordinary; original 17th-century Polish spelling: Merkuryusz Polski Ordynaryiny; full title: Merkuriusz Polski dzieje wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykający, dla informacji pospolitej: The Polish Mercury, Encompassing All the World's Affairs, for the Common Knowledge) was the first Polish newspaper (actually, a weekly), published from 1661, first in Kraków, then in Warsaw.

Though short-lived, it gave its name to several later newspapers, notably the Merkuriusz Polski published in London, 1955–58.

History
Merkuryusz Polski Ordynaryiny first came out in Kraków on 3 January 1661. Sponsored by the court of King John II Casimir of Poland and his consort Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga, the newspaper was a weekly devoted chiefly to contemporary politics, European dynastic affairs, and monarchs' military campaigns. With regard to internal affairs, it promoted political reforms and the strengthening of monarchical power. Its demise was associated with the failure of the king's political plans.

Merkuryusz was edited in a 17th-century Polish heavily influenced by Latin; some parts of issues were written purely in Latin. Initially published by the Kraków printing house of J.A. Gorczyn (issues of 3 January – 4 May 1661), in May 1661 its editorial offices moved to Warsaw, where the issues from 14 May through 22 July 1661 appeared. Altogether 41 issues came out (12 of them "extraordinary," or special ), with a run of 100–250 copies. The last issue was dated 22 July 1661.

Merkuryusz was edited by Hieronim Pinocci, an Italian merchant who had migrated to Poland and served in notable posts in the royal administration, including those of master of the Kraków mint and secretary to King John II Casimir. Other collaborators included Łukasz Opaliński.

Between 1933 and 1939 the complete run was reprinted by the Polish National Library.

title: Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny


text:
User talk:Alekk

Andre
Hi Alekk, welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are a few helpful links to start you off: Avoiding common mistakes, How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style, Policies and guidelines, Help, Merging pages.

If you need help or are curious about something, feel free to ask on my talk page or the village pump. You can sign your name and a date stamp on comments using four tildes ( ~ ). If you have any further questions, feel free to ask, and I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian!

Andre ( talk )A| 20:24, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

Здраво
Hi Andre!

Thanks a lot! I've actually been wondering about some of these things... and my first thought was that Wikipedia should be better organized to help newbie editors find information they need. Especially if they're working on two languages, it gets confusing. But all in all, it's a great project!

Thanks again, I'll get to reading these articles ASAP.

Alekk 20:44, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Serbian portal
As the amount of material somehow connected with Serbs and Serbia on Wikipedia grows, I think it wouldn't be a bad idea to form a SCG/Serb portal, so that all the articles about famous Serbs, Serb history, the Serb republic etc are more closely interlinked. This would also provide the casual reader with a easy to use encyclopaedia of everything they could wish to know about RS, SCG, the Serb diaspora etc. Јес' да је Србија мала и да је мало Срба али ипак има Палестински портал, Doctor Who портал, зато нема разлога да и ми ово не покренемо. At this stage I'm just gauging the amount of interest out there for this. If you support тхис идеа, and want to help out, then just drop by my talk page -- estavisti 20:01, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Serbia and Montegro articles
Hi, I see you're in the category for those Wikipedians from Serbia & Montenegro. I'm trying to create a project whereby seperate articles for just Serbia OR Montenegro are written to an acceptable level, especially considering the possibility that 2006 may see the two nations seperate and become independent states. If that were to occur Wikipedia should have articles written to the standard of other national articles. It would be useful to have the input of Wikipedians living in the area. Please post any views here, not at my talk page. Thank You Grunners 18:24, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Article Improvement Belgrade
You may wish to vote for Belgrade at the Article Improvement Drive page, here. --estavisti 21:15, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Invitation
Hello! I invite you to join the WikiProject Serbia. All the best, -- serbiana -  talk  02:39, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Belgrade
Please see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Belgrade and express your opinions. I have started a movement for the recognition of the official status of this WikiProject or its termination. --PaxEquilibrium 13:10, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

wikiproject
As a member of WikiProject Serbia, you should be aware that the project as well as Portal:Serbia is being considered for deletion. If you have the time, please comment on what you feel should be done with the project and the portal. Thank you. // Laughing Man 01:50, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

No assertion of notability for BitsYU
A tag has been placed on BitsYU, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you feel that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. nadav 18:32, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Also for Beocity, please assert notability. Thanks, nadav 18:35, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

hey plese
translate to sevian this please

 * This user does not understand servian (or understands it with considerable difficulty).
 * zerolex (to cirilic please, this is my name)

Kosovo: country debate
Hello. There's a discussion going on Talk:List of countries as to whether or not Kosovo should be included in that list. You have an interest in Serbia-related articles and I thought you might be interested. The articles List of countries and Annex to the list of countries (where the inclusion criteria reside) are both relevant. Cheers. DSuser 13:36, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Hi again. It's probably a minor point, but there a discussion and vote going on at Talk:Kosovo as to whether or not it's better to use Kosovo rather than Kosovan or Kosovar in the Wikipedia articles. Perhaps you have no interest, in which case sorry to bother you! DSuser 15:50, 31 July 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Schlabbaduerst Rekkords

The article Schlabbaduerst Rekkords has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Non notable record company - fails WP:CORP ONLY claim to any form of notability is one of WP:INHERITANCE through bands.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Codf1977 (talk) 12:34, 27 June 2010 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Schlabbaduerst Rekkords
I have nominated Schlabbaduerst Rekkords, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Schlabbaduerst Rekkords. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Codf1977 (talk) 12:30, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Ka-Sol

The article Ka-Sol has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Appears to fail WP:N by article content, search for reference ("Ka-Sol" "psychedelic trance") found no published (gBooks) support

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. JeepdaySock (AKA, Jeepday) 17:55, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of BeotelNet

A tag has been placed on BeotelNet requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organization or company, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion, or "db", tag; if no such tag exists, then the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate and adding a hang-on tag is unnecessary), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. Mhiji 21:01, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Battle of the Future Buddhas (band)

A tag has been placed on Battle of the Future Buddhas (band) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the deleting administrator, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. Q VVERTYVS (hm?) 18:53, 19 August 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alekk


text: Category:1175 births

title: Category:1175 births


text:
Susan Eaton

Susan Catharine Eaton (July 9, 1957 – December 30, 2003) was an American political scientist and workers' rights activist. Eaton was an assistant professor of public policy at Harvard Kennedy School, who became a nursing home researcher at Harvard and workers' activist. She wrote about health care management, women's role in union leadership and work-family issues and gender equity in the workplace.

Early life and education
Eaton was born in Washington, D.C. and raised in Alexandria, Virginia. Eaton attended T. C. Williams High School where she graduated in 1975 as the valedictorian. She earned a bachelor's degree in social studies from Radcliffe College of Harvard University in 1979 magna cum laude and a member of Phi Beta Kappa. During her undergraduate years, she started Seventh Sister, a feminist alternative to The Harvard Crimson. She was involved with protesting investments by Harvard University in South Africa. She earned a master's degree in public administration at the John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1993. She was a Harmon Fellow. She completed a doctor of philosophy in industrial relations and organization studies at MIT Sloan School of Management. Her mentors were Thomas Anton Kochan and Lotte Bailyn. Her dissertation in 2000 was titled Work-family integration in biotechnology: implications for firms and employees.

Career
Eaton worked for twelve years for the Service Employees International Union where she was an international representative, organizer, negotiator, researcher, and senior manager. She later worked as an assistant professor of public policy at John F. Kennedy School of Government. She was a workers' rights activist.

Personal life
Eaton was married to Marshall Ganz. She died of acute myelogenous leukemia in Boston at age 46. She resided in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Journal articles
Eaton, Susan C.. “Union Leadership Development in the 1990s and Beyond: A Report with Recommendations.” Discussion Paper, 92-05, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, May 31, 1992.https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/disc_paper_92_05.pdf

title: Susan Eaton


text:
Salmeterol

Salmeterol is a long-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA) used in the maintenance and prevention of asthma symptoms and maintenance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms. Symptoms of bronchospasm include shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and chest tightness. It is also used to prevent breathing difficulties during exercise (exercise-induced bronchoconstriction).

It was patented in 1983 and came into medical use in 1990. It is marketed as Serevent in the US. It is available as a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) that releases a powdered form of the drug. It was previously available as a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) but was discontinued in the US in 2002. It is available as an MDI in other countries as of 2020.

Mechanism of action
Inhaled salmeterol belongs to a group of drugs called beta-2 agonists. These drugs stimulate beta-2 receptors present in the bronchial musculature. This causes them to relax and prevent the onset and worsening of symptoms of asthma. They act on the enzyme adenyl cyclase which increases the concentration of cAMP (Cyclic adenosine monophosphate). This cyclic AMP decreases the smooth muscle tone. This drug is 10,000-times more lipid soluble than the short acting beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist, albuterol. Unlike albuterol, salmeterol becomes dissolved in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, and its gradual dissociation from the cell membrane provides beta-2 adrenoceptors with a supply of agonist for an extended period of time.

The primary noticeable difference of salmeterol from salbutamol, and other short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonists (SABAs), is its duration of action. Salmeterol lasts approximately 12 hours in comparison with salbutamol, which lasts about 4–6 hours. When used regularly every day as prescribed, inhaled salmeterol decreases the number and severity of asthma attacks. Formoterol has been demonstrated to have a faster onset of action than salmeterol as a result of a lower lipophilicity, and has also been demonstrated to be more potent—a 12 μg dose of formoterol has been demonstrated to be equivalent to a 50 μg dose of salmeterol.

Medical uses

 * Salmeterol is used in moderate-to-severe persistent asthma following previous treatment with a short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonist (SABA) such as salbutamol (albuterol).
 * LABAs should not be used as a monotherapy, instead, they should be used concurrently with an inhaled corticosteroid, such as beclometasone dipropionate or fluticasone propionate in the treatment of asthma to minimize serious reactions such as asthma-related deaths. Combination of inhaled corticosteroids and salmeterol (LABA) has synergistic action and reduces the frequency of asthma attacks and also makes it less severe.
 * In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), LABAs may be used as monotherapy or in combination with corticosteroids. The Torch study demonstrated benefits in terms of quality of life and lung function of salmeterol alone or in combination with inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD
 * In exercise-induced bronchospasm monotherapy may be indicated in patients without persistent asthma. LABAs should not be used to treat acute symptoms.

Pregnancy and lactation
Salmeterol use during pregnancy must be decided based on the risks versus benefits to the mother. There are no well-controlled studies with salmeterol in pregnant women. Some animal studies showed developmental malformation when the mother was given several clinical doses orally. In rats, salmeterol xinafoate is excreted in the milk. However, since there is no data to show excretion of salmeterol in a mother's breast milk, a decision on whether to continue or discontinue therapy should be decided based on the important benefits it provides to the mother. Pregnant and lactating women should consult their doctors before using salmeterol.

Side effects
Due to its vasodilation properties, the common side effects of salmeterol are

 * dizziness,
 * sinus infection, and
 * migraine headaches.

Other side effects

 * muscle tremors,
 * hypokalemia due to direct effect on beta-2 receptors on skeletal muscle.

In most cases, salmeterol side effects are minor and either do not require treatment or can easily be treated. Certain side effects, however, should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.

Some of these more serious side effects include

 * very fast heart rate,
 * high blood pressure, and
 * worsening breathing problems.

Structure-activity relationship
Salmeterol has an aryl alkyl group with a chain length of 11 atoms from the amine. This bulkiness makes the compound more lipophilic and it also makes it selective to β2 adrenergic receptors.

History
Salmeterol, first marketed and manufactured by Glaxo (now GlaxoSmithKline, GSK) in the 1980s, was released as Serevent in 1990. The product is marketed by GSK under the Allen & Hanburys brand in the UK.

In November 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a health advisory, alerting the public to findings that show the use of long-acting β2 agonists could lead to a worsening of symptoms, and in some cases death.

While the use of inhaled LABAs are still recommended in asthma guidelines for the resulting improved symptom control, further concerns have been raised. A large meta-analysis of pooled results from 19 trials with 33,826 participants, suggests that salmeterol may increase the small risks of asthma-related deaths, and this additional risk is not reduced with the additional use of inhaled steroids (e.g., as with the combination product fluticasone/salmeterol). This seems to occur because although LABAs relieve asthma symptoms, they also promote bronchial inflammation and sensitivity without warning.

Names
Combinations of inhaled steroids and these long-acting bronchodilators are becoming more widespread; the most common combination currently in use is fluticasone/salmeterol (brand names Seretide (UK) and Advair (US)). Another combination is budesonide/formoterol (brand name Symbicort).

title: Salmeterol


text:
Miles City

Miles City could refer to some places in the United States:

 * Miles City, Florida
 * Miles City, Montana
 * Miles City Municipal Airport in Miles City, Montana

title: Miles City


text: Category:1543 books

title: Category:1543 books


text:
Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad

The Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad (C&SL) was a historic railway in Lower Canada, the first Canadian public railway and one of the first railways built in British North America.

Origin
The C&SL was financed by Montreal entrepreneur and brewery owner, John Molson. It was intended as a portage road to connect the St. Lawrence River valley with Lake Champlain, cutting time from the trip between Montreal and New York. Construction began in January, 1835 when surveyors determined the line would run from St. John on the Richelieu River to the nearest point on the St. Lawrence at La Prairie, across the river from Montreal.

Throughout 1835 the grading, fencing, masonry and bridge work were completed, as well as stations and wharves at Laprairie and St. John. Orders were also placed for a locomotive, which was to be built in Newcastle upon Tyne, as well as four passenger cars, which were to be built in the United States. Several freight cars were also built in Montreal.

The 16 mi line was built as a railway, with rails consisting of 6 in pine logs (squared off) which were joined by iron splice plates and bolts laid across wood cross-ties. The pine rails were protected by iron straps spiked to the upper surface. These rails remained the same until being replaced by completely iron rails in the 1850s.

British North America's first locomotive arrived at Molson's wharf in Montreal in June 1836. It was named Dorchester and had been constructed by Robert Stephenson, son of George Stephenson who was the manufacturer of The Rocket. A wood-burning 0-4-0 design, it was the 127th locomotive built by Stephenson and was nicknamed "Kitten" by those who observed its uneven "skittish" ride – a result of the short wheelbase. Trial runs took place at night to avoid frightening the public; maximum speed was approximately 30 mph.

The C&SL opened to great fanfare on July 21, 1836, with several distinguished guests in attendance besides Molson, including Lord Gosford, the Lieutenant-Governor of Lower Canada, as well as Louis-Joseph Papineau, the rebel politician. Over 300 guests crowded the passenger cars in Laprairie station for the first run. The Dorchester was unable to handle such a load, therefore the two first-class coaches carrying 32 of the distinguished guests were uncoupled and hauled by the locomotive while the remaining cars were hauled by teams of horses. Two hours later, everyone was at the station in St. John where the ceremonies continued.

in 1999, the [//narhf.org/?p=5476 Dorchester] was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame. Due to its unique status as the first locomotive used in Canada, it was recognized for its contribution to the railway industry as "Rolling Stock" in the "National" category.

Growth and eventual merging
Regular operations commenced on July 25 and while freight traffic was stagnant on the line for many years, passenger traffic and excursions proved extremely popular early on, with many extra passenger trains being hauled by horses until additional locomotives arrived in 1837. Charles Dickens even rode the line. The line was extended south along the Richelieu River valley in 1851 to Rouses Point, New York and the following year saw a more direct routing built from the St. John-Laprairie line to St. Lambert, directly opposite Montreal to avoid the indirect journey up and down the St. Lawrence River from Laprairie. This latter line effectively reduced the line into Laprairie to branch line status and it would be later abandoned.

The C&SL merged with the Montreal and New York Railroad in 1857, formerly known as the Montreal and Lachine Railroad, with the new company being named the Montreal and Champlain Railroad. The Grand Trunk Railway leased the M&C in 1864 and purchased it outright in 1872.

In 1923 the GTR was nationalized and the ex-M&C, née-C&SL trackage was incorporated into the Canadian National Railways (CNR). CN (post-1960) continues to operate the majority of this historic route, running from an interchange connection with the Delaware and Hudson Railway (now owned by Canadian Pacific Railway) at Rouses Point, New York, through Saint-Jean and on to Saint-Lambert. The line from Rouses Point to Brossard is now CN's Rouses Point Subdivision.

New York company
The approximately 1.2 mi between Rouses Point and the New York/Quebec border were owned by a separate company, also called the Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, incorporated in New York on February 26, 1851. It was merged into the Canadian National Railway at the end of 1960.

Culture
C&SL Railroad was immortalized by Canadian country music artist Orval Prophet on his "Judgement Day Express" album (1973) with the song "Champlain and St. Lawrence Line"

In 1986, for the World's Fair Exhibition in Vancouver called Expo 86, the Molsons donated a functional replica of the steam engine used to ferry travellers and goods on the C&SL Railway.

title: Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad


text: Category:155 births

title: Category:155 births


text:
Demogoblin

Demogoblin is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Publication history
Demogoblin first appeared as Demogoblin in Web of Spider-Man #86 (March 1992), and had previously appeared as an unnamed demon in Spectacular Spider-Man #147.

Fictional character biography
Demogoblin was originally an unnamed demon who inhabited Limbo and was banished there eons ago for unknown reasons. His essence was fused with the Hobgoblin (Jason Macendale) when Jason asked N'astirh for more power in exchange for his soul. As a part of Hobgoblin, he infected Moon Knight with a demonic virus that would slowly mutate him, and fought the Ghost Rider and John Blaze, eventually being defeated by Blaze's hellfire gun and Ghost Rider's mystical chain. Hobgoblin quickly realized being possessed by a demon was less than beneficial, and, thanks to the effects of the hellfire and mystical chain, managed to expel his demon half, creating the Demogoblin, a darker, mystical version of the Hobgoblin persona.

Demogoblin believed himself to be on a holy mission and killed everyone whom he deemed a sinner, however, his definition of a sinner is extreme and excludes only children. He often tried to kill heroes and even holy men. He claimed that he was a member of a demonic group known as the "Righteous"—demons who sought redemption for their sins as self-proclaimed servants of the Lord by exterminating other demons and destroying evil wherever they found it.

Once freed from the Hobgoblin, Demogoblin fought and was defeated by Spider-Man and Macendale as the Hobgoblin. He then joined with the Spider-Man doppelganger and tried to kill the Hobgoblin, but they retreated under the sewer depths when opposed by Spider-Man, Venom, Ghost Rider, and Blaze.

Demogoblin then confronted Moon Knight, trying to possess his body, which was ravaged by Demogoblin's bloodlink virus from the previous confrontation with the Hobgoblin. Moon Knight was saved from the virus due to the intervention of Dr. Strange and Mr. Fantastic.

During the events of "Maximum Carnage", Demogoblin joined Carnage, Shriek, Carrion, and the Spider-Man doppelganger on their killing spree throughout Manhattan. He battled Spider-Man, Venom, Iron Fist, Captain America, Deathlok, Cloak and Dagger, and Firestar. He ultimately becomes repulsed by his comrades' internal feuding and decides to leave them, but he is apprehended by the collective of superheroes before he can make good on this decision.

The Demogoblin is destroyed by the vampire-hunter Blade while Blade is empowered by the Darkhold, but those who had been killed by Blade are restored to life when the Darkhold's spell is reversed.

He is summoned to San Francisco by a horde of goblins who hold the city in their grip and intend to make Demogoblin their ruler. However, he regards the goblins as sinners of the worst sort, and so plays along with them only long enough to kill Charles Palentine, the man who had summoned the goblins to Earth, and seize from him the necklace used for the summoning. He then uses the necklace's near godlike power to kill all the goblins and destroys the necklace itself, thus saving the city.

Demogoblin's physical form is killed in a showdown with Hobgoblin, who has gained greater strength than before. He dies trying to save a child from collapsing debris inside a church, where he is crushed to death.

Post-mortem, the Demogoblin makes an appearance as a taunting hallucination of the heroic Green Goblin, Phil Urich, alongside hallucinations of the original Green Goblin and Hobgoblin.

Demogoblin returns in the Absolute Carnage event as "Demagoblin", bound to the recently sacrificed Shriek.

Powers and abilities
Demogoblin is a demonic being, with numerous supernatural powers granted by magic. He is endowed with superhuman strength, stamina, agility, reflexes, and resistance to injury. He has a magical ability to mentally control and levitate his one-man miniature "goblin glider" composed of hellfire and propel it at high speeds. He can project hellfire from his hands. He can also summon demons from hell that will attack anyone he instructs to be destroyed.

Demogoblin is able to mystically create "pumpkin bombs", similar to those of the Green Goblin or Hobgoblin. Orange pumpkin bombs are bombs that explode conventionally (albeit magical) as concussion and incendiary Jack O' Lanterns. Black pumpkin bombs cause their target to be overwhelmed by massive feelings of despair and helplessness. He also can create wraith-shaped smoke and gas-emitting bombs, and bat-shaped razor-edged throwing blades.

Apart from his physical and magical advantages, he is knowledgeable about military training and hand-to-hand combat absorbed from his time merged with the Hobgoblin. Although deranged, the Demogoblin is highly intelligent.

Reception

 * In 2020, CBR.com ranked Demogoblin 4th in their "10 Most Powerful Comic Book Villains With Demonic Origins" list.

Ultimate Marvel
In Ultimate Marvel universe, Mary Jane Watson becomes the Demogoblin, after being kidnapped from her bedroom by a facially disfigured clone of Peter Parker who is determined to give her powers so that she is no longer in danger from his enemies. He pumps in her bloodstream an unquantified amount of OZ, the drug responsible for the creation of the Green Goblin, Hobgoblin and also Spider-Man. Upon learning this, she becomes very angry and transforms into a huge, hairy, horned red goblin-type creature.

However, when the real Peter Parker and Spider-Woman show up, she calms down and resumes her original form, just in time for Peter (her ex) to render his evil clone unconscious. MJ is taken to the Fantastic Four's Baxter Building and when she wakes up, she is afraid and angry, causing another transformation, but when she spots the Peter clone who was in the building, she calms down once again and reverts to her normal self. She is then given what is believed to be a cure to the effects of the OZ formula, yet the ordeal has left her badly traumatized, and she is shown to be affected by panic issues and haunted by the scarred visage of Peter's disfigured clone.

When MJ later gets angry as she watches Peter talking to Kitty, his ex-girlfriend, her hand starts to tremble and her fingernails briefly become claws but she calms down when Kitty takes off in anger, indicating that her cure might not be permanent or even complete. Mary Jane also daydreams a scene where she's fighting against Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four in her mutant form, defeating them one by one.

Spider-Geddon
In the Spider-Geddon event, in Vault of Spiders #2, on Earth-11580, a version of Demogoblin is seen alongside Green Goblin, Hobgoblin and Jack O'Lantern during the Goblin Night. Under the orders of the Goblin Queen, they try to kill Gwen Stacy, but Spiders-Man arrives and defeats the Goblins.

Video games

 * Demogoblin appears as a boss character in Spider-Man and Venom: Maximum Carnage.
 * Demogoblin appears in the handheld version of Lego Marvel Super Heroes.
 * Demogoblin appears as a boss in Spider-Man Unlimited.

Toys

 * Hasbro released a Demogoblin figure for their Spider-Man: Origins toy line in 2007. This figure was a repaint of a previously released Hobgoblin figure.
 * At the 2011 New York Comic Con, Hasbro released an exclusive edition set of Mini Muggs (the miniature version of its larger scale, discontinued toy line, Mighty Muggs). This set, themed after the Spider-Man story arc, "Maximum Carnage", contains a Mini Muggs version of Demogoblin.
 * Hasbro released Demogoblin as the Build-A-Figure for a 2020 Marvel Legends wave consisting of Spider-Man in the Mk III Armor (right leg), Spider-Man in the Velocity Suit (left leg), Superior Octopus (arms), Shang-Chi (torso), Vulture (head), and White Rabbit (glider).

Board games
Wizkids released a Demogoblin figure as part of their Amazing Spider-Man HeroClix set.

title: Demogoblin


text: Category:1599 books

title: Category:1599 books


text:
Millersville

Millersville may refer to:

 * Millersville, Illinois
 * A former settlement on Jarvis Island in the Pacific Ocean called Millersville, Jarvis Island
 * Millersville, Maryland
 * Millersville, Michigan
 * Millersville, Missouri
 * Millersville, Ohio
 * Millersville, Pennsylvania
 * Millersville, Tennessee
 * Millersville University of Pennsylvania, a public university

title: Millersville