text:
Echelon formation

An echelon formation is a (usually military) formation in which its units are arranged diagonally. Each unit is stationed behind and to the right (a "right echelon"), or behind and to the left ("left echelon"), of the unit ahead. The name of the formation comes from the French word échelon, meaning a rung of a ladder, which describes the shape that this formation has when viewed from above or below.

Military formation
Use of the formation dates back to ancient infantry and cavalry warfare, as an alternative to column, line-abreast, or phalanx (box) formations. One of its earliest uses was at the Battle of Leuctra, when the Thebans attacked the Spartan right with a column 48 men deep while their weaker center and right were repelled. The echelon formation may have been used by Hannibal at the Battle of Cannae, Alexander the Great at the Battle of Gaugamela, Frederick II of Prussia, and the Confederate army at the Battle of Gettysburg.

The tactic still persists and is regularly employed by all branches of the modern armed forces. Tactically, echelon formations are used because of the excellent range of vision offered to each participant in the formation. In particular, it is commonly employed by armored cavalry because of the large, overlapping fields of fire that it gives to each tank in the formation, and by combat aircraft, allowing them to communicate visually and maneuver as a single unit.

"Echeloning" is the name of a tactic in use by the United Kingdom's armed forces, mainly the infantry. It consists of using a company to attack a set of positions. Once the first platoon in the company has reached its limit of advance (ammunition has been expended, fatigue has become high, or casualties are mounting) another platoon "echelons through" it to continue onto the next position. The tactic is similar to leapfrogging.

Echelon formations are also commonly used by civic or riot police to move crowds either to the left or right. En echelon is also used for a type of arrangement of gun turrets on ships: see.

Derived meanings
The name has been adopted by the birdwatching community to describe the familiar V-shaped formations of flights of geese, ducks and other migratory birds, though this more symmetric formation is more strictly defined as a V formation.

In geology, en echelon describes an arrangement where a set of short linear features overlap or are staggered in a line that runs obliquely to the strike of the individual features. Echelon faults and en echelon veins are examples.

In sheet material response to shear stress it is typical for a series of echelon cracks to form. This is commonly seen in asphalt roads subject to shear stress imposed by aseismic fault creep.

In mathematics, the term row echelon form refers to a kind of matrix where the non-zero elements are shaped in an echelon-like manner.

In road bicycle racing, an echelon formation is a diagonal line of racers, which allows cooperative drafting in crosswinds.

title: Echelon formation


text:
Jack Clark

Jack Clark may refer to:

 * Jack Clark (baseball) (born 1955), Major League Baseball player
 * Jack Clark (rugby union), American rugby coach and former rugby union player
 * Jack Clark (television personality) (1925–1988), American television game show host and announcer
 * Jack J. Clark (1879–1947), American actor and director
 * Jack Clark (footballer) (1924–2012), Australian footballer
 * Jack Clark (cricketer) (born 1994), English cricketer

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jack Clark


text:
Talk:Jimmy Boyd

Wrong Boyd
You were right to remove the photo that was posted for Jimmy Boyd "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus". "Inherit The Wind" The Photo was Jim Boyd from The Electric Company. Jimmy Boyd is has strawberry blonde hair. Sony BMG released a CD in 2006 called "The Best of Jimmy Boyd. It has a lot of his very early songs and all his biggest hits, Including "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus" Tell Me A Story w/ Frankie Laine Dennis The Menace w/Rosemary Clooney etc. His son and I dated in college, and we have remained good friends. I have seen Mr. Boyd's gold records, awards, and the plaque replica of his star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame. I have also heard him play guitar and sing with his son who also plays piano and guitar. He says his son was born with much more talent than he. They both are awesomely good. His son is movie star handsome, but has no interest in celebrity, and is vice president of a film company.

In 1962 my family were visiting relatives at Christmas, and my uncle played a Christmas album by Jimmy Boyd. It had all the songs which are still popular today. I can remember the picture on the cover album, and that he was 10 when it was recorded. Although I was only 6, I drew inspiration from him and was thereafter never shy when asked to sing in public. I have been unable to obtain a copy of this album.

Image - is this the right Jimmy Boyd?

We got an email on the foundation mail questioning this image. The writer says that this "Jim Boyd" is not the same as Jimmy Boyd. IMDB seems to disagree, but I've removed it to here for checking. Anyone got a good source to check this? -- sannse (talk) 20:13, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes I am a good source. I created this image and it is a direct screen capture from The Electric Company opening theme. This IS the same Jimmy Boyd that is listed in the Internet Movie Database, I suspect that the person who sent you the email either was trying to pull a fast one on you or just doesn't plain have a clue. Please reinsert the picture. Misterrick 00:14, 29 August 2005 (UTC).

 * I meant a good external source... but I've restored it. I've asked the emailer to come here to discuss further - what we've got at the moment is two knowledgeable-sounding people with opposite opinions - hopefully you will be able to sort it out between you -- sannse (talk) 19:01, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

The singer Jimmy Boyd has blonde hair and is from the south. Jim Boyd has dark hair and talks with a New York accent.He also has a diffrent nose.I also bought some Jimmy Boyd records and he didn't sound like anything he sang on The Electric Company.There must be 2 Jimmy Boyds. I also found out on Electric Company fan sites Jim Boyds birthday is November 11.

CanisRufus in the future when you post a message please make sure you sign it with four Tildes. This will automatically place your username and the time of your post automatically. Thanks. Misterrick 16:49, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

Jimmy Boyd
The Jimmy Boyd shown in the picture is not the Jimmy Boyd of "I saw mommy kissing Santa" also Jimmy is not blond but has red hair, I know because I am his brother

"The Electric Company" actor is not the "Kissing Santa Claus" singer
The official site for the show says that their Boyd is a Philadelphia native (click on "History & Cast", then on Boyd's picture). Combining this with the differences in appearance and voice noted above, it appears that the IMDB is wrong. Boyd of Aniforms and "The Electric Company" is not the teen actor/singer of the 1950s. --Cam 03:45, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Here is a picture of the 1950s singer/actor (at left) playing Huck Finn in 1957 (from this page). Here is a publicity photo. I found another picture of the singer taken in 1967. All three photos appear to show the same person, who is definitely not the actor from "The Electric Company". --Cam 04:03, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Language not formal enough
"Leslie didn't have the skills to get a good job", "Jimmy enjoyed performing and would have done it for nothing", "He went to Ed Sullivan and personally asked him to please promise to re-book Gisele.", "His roots were in country music. That's what he was singing when Mitch Miller signed him to Columbia Records." - all much too casual and flowery.--MartinUK (talk) 14:12, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

jimmy boyd
if anyone knows anything about jimmy boyd i would really like to know. he's my great uncle and i never got to meet him but i would like to know about him. you could send anything to layin_on_20z@yahoo.com. thanks —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.92.112.14 (talk) 04:32, 2 September 2009 (UTC)

military service
"Boyd was sent to Texas to do his then-mandatory stint in the military." Unlike Israel or some European countries, the US has never had universal obligatory military service in peacetime. I think the writer meant to say he was drafted. WilliamSommerwerck (talk) 18:45, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

Edits
1. Jimmy Boyd turned 13 on 9 Jan 1952, thus the song, recorded in July 1952, was recorded when he was 13, not 11-12.

2. The date of the meeting with the Catholics is not stated. It probably occured after the song became a hit in Dec 1952, thus most likely Jimmy was 14, not 13. Age should not be included until sourced.

3. Attempted a rearrangement of the Early Years section: corrected grammar, improved sentence structure, removed "peacock terms", but left the facts alone. Still needs serious editing.

4. As above, for the I Saw Mommy section. Guyburns (talk) 14:41, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jimmy Boyd


text: User talk:68.81.190.75

title: User talk:68.81.190.75


text:
User talk:Hwebers

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:EJ20030502020.jpg

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status?

You can use   if you wish to release your own work under the GNU Free Documentation License,    if you wish to release your own work to the public domain,    if you claim fair use of someone else's work, and so on. Click here for a list of the various tags.

If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the image from, and I'll tag it for you. Thanks so much. Denni ☯ 03:47, 2004 Dec 16 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Image:20030809geneva.jpg
This image, uploaded by you in 2003, is still lacking a proper license tag. If the picture was indeed taken on August 9th and uploaded by you two days later, this implies that you took the picture. It still needs a license tag though or it risk being deleted in the future. Regards, Thuresson 11:51, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Image:20030809geneva.jpg
Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 09:19, May 21, 2005 (UTC)

Image:2001genevajetdeau.jpg
Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 09:20, May 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hwebers


text:
Lester C. Hunt

Lester Callaway Hunt, Sr. (July 8, 1892 – June 19, 1954), was an American Democratic politician from the state of Wyoming. Hunt was the first to be elected to two consecutive terms as Wyoming's governor, serving as its 19th governor from January 4, 1943, to January 3, 1949. In 1948, he was elected by an overwhelming margin to the U.S. Senate, and began his term on January 3, 1949.

Hunt supported a number of federal social programs and advocated for federal support of low-cost health and dental insurance policies. He also supported a variety of programs proposed by the Eisenhower administration following the Republican landslide in the 1952 elections, including the abolition of racial segregation in the District of Columbia, and the expansion of Social Security.

An outspoken opponent of Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist campaign, Hunt challenged McCarthy and his senatorial allies by championing a proposed law restricting Congressional immunity and allowing individuals to sue members of Congress for slanderous statements. In June 1953, Hunt's son was arrested in Washington, D.C., on charges of soliciting sex from an undercover male police officer (homosexual acts were prohibited by law at the time). Several Republican senators, including McCarthy, threatened Hunt with prosecution of his son and wide publication of the event unless he abandoned plans to run for re-election and resigned immediately, which Hunt refused to do. His son was convicted and fined on October 6, 1953. On April 15, 1954, Hunt announced his intention to run for re-election. He changed his mind, however, after McCarthy renewed the threat to use his son's arrest against him. On June 19, Hunt died by suicide in his Senate office; his death dealt a serious blow to McCarthy's image and was one of the factors that led to his censure by the Senate later in 1954.

Early years
Born in Isabel in Edgar County in eastern Illinois, Hunt visited Wyoming for the first time as a semi-professional baseball player. He graduated from Illinois Wesleyan University, where he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, and then worked as a railroad switchman to put himself through dental school at Saint Louis University. After graduating in 1917, he moved to Lander, Wyoming, and established a practice. He joined the United States Army Dental Corps when the United States entered World War I, and served as a lieutenant from 1917 to 1919. After postgraduate study at Northwestern University in 1920, Hunt resumed his practice in Lander. He was president of the Wyoming State Dental Society and began his career in government when appointed as president of the Wyoming State Board of Dental Examiners, serving from 1924 to 1928.

Wyoming
Hunt was elected in 1933 to the Wyoming House of Representatives from Fremont County. He sponsored eugenics legislation that would have permitted the sterilization of inmates at Wyoming institutions if "afflicted with insanity, idiocy, imbecility, feeblemindedness, or epilepsy". The legislation, though similar to that enacted in several neighboring states in the 1920s, failed, and he later stated that he regretted sponsoring it. He was elected as Wyoming Secretary of State in 1934 and 1938, serving from 1935 to 1943. In 1935, he commissioned muralist Allen Tupper True to design the Bucking Horse and Rider that has appeared on Wyoming license plates since 1936. While serving as Secretary of State, Hunt personally claimed the copyright of the Wyoming Guidebook, a Work Projects Administration publication, after the Governor and legislature failed to act to preserve the bucking horse and rider design as the state's intellectual property. The book proved popular, and there were questions as to whether Hunt benefited personally from its sales. He was able to demonstrate that he had endorsed all quarterly royalty checks and turned them over to the state treasurer, and he transferred the copyright to the State of Wyoming in 1942.

Hunt became the first person elected to two consecutive four-year terms as governor, serving from 1943 to 1949. He faced hostile majorities in both houses of the legislature throughout his years as governor. The principal legislative accomplishment of his first term was the enactment of a retirement system for teachers. He repeatedly proposed a retirement system for state workers in his second term without success. During his first term, Republican U.S. Senator Edward V. Robertson charged that the Japanese citizens interned at Heart Mountain, Wyoming, were leading pampered lives and hoarding supplies. The Denver Post wrote an exposé backing his complaints. Hunt dismissed that as a "political story" and said that "food stuffs cannot be brought into a city to feed 13,500 people in a wheel barrow and it would not be good business to bring it in every day." He toured the camp and said the internees' "living standard was, to my way of thinking, rather disgraceful." At the end of the war, he wrote to the War Relocation Authority that "We do not want a single one of these evacuees to remain in Wyoming."

When President Roosevelt issued an executive order on March 16, 1943, creating Jackson Hole National Monument, Hunt joined in mobilizing opposition and said he would use state police to remove any federal official who tried to exert authority in the Monument's lands. Congress refused to fund the Monument until 1950, when Wyoming's two U.S. Senators, Joseph C. O'Mahoney and Hunt, reached a compromise with the Truman administration. It merged most of the Monument's lands into Grand Teton National Park, provided compensation for lost revenue, and protected local property owners.

Hunt was a Wyoming delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1940, 1944, and 1948. He chaired the National Governors Association in 1948. His official gubernatorial portrait was painted by artist Michele Rushworth and hangs in the state capitol building in Cheyenne, Wyoming.

U.S. Senate election
Hunt was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1948 to a term beginning January 3, 1949, defeating incumbent Republican E.V. Robertson by an overwhelming margin. His political positions combined fiscal conservatism and opposition to big government with support for public housing and increased federal aid to education. During his tenure in the Senate, Hunt became a bitter enemy of Wisconsin senator Joseph R. McCarthy, and his criticism of McCarthy's tactics marked him as a prime target in the 1954 election. For example, he campaigned for a law to restrict Congressional immunity by allowing individuals to sue members of Congress for slanderous statements. He called for reform of Senate rules: "If situations confront the Congress in which it can no longer control its members by the rules of society, justice and fair play, then Congress has, I feel, a moral obligation to take drastic steps to remedy those situations."

U.S. Senate tenure
In 1949, he recommended that the American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Dental Association (ADA) consider endorsing a plan for the federal government to offer health insurance policies with low deductibles to cover "medical, surgical, hospital, laboratory, nursing and dental services." He told an ADA convention: "We cannot preserve the freedom of the practice of dentistry and medicine, we cannot keep dentistry and medicine uncontrolled and unregimented by the Federal Government, we cannot maintain our American free and independent practice in the health services by simply denouncing socialization or by a stand-pat opposition."

He served on the Senate Crime Investigating Committee (known as the Kefauver Committee) and the Senate Armed Services Committee. He backed foreign aid programs and supported a call for disarmament designed to demonstrate that Russia's peace proposals were not serious.

Following Dwight Eisenhower's landslide victory in the 1952 election, Hunt announced that he felt obliged to support the administration's legislative proposals wherever possible. He cited complete agreement with plans for agricultural subsidies, the expansion of Social Security, the creation of a Fair Employment Practices Commission, and the abolition of segregation in the District of Columbia.

Son's arrest and Hunt's suicide
On June 9, 1953, Hunt's 25-year-old son Lester Jr., known as "Buddy", who was a student and president of the student body at the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, was arrested in Washington, D.C., for soliciting sex from a male undercover police officer in Lafayette Square, just north of and adjacent to the White House property. It was his first offense, which police normally handled quietly as a matter for the offender's family to address, but the arrest became known to Senate Republicans. According to Drew Pearson's "Washington Merry-Go-Round" column published after Hunt's death, Senators Styles Bridges and Herman Welker threatened that if Hunt did not immediately retire from the Senate and agree not to seek his seat in the 1954 election, they would see that his son was prosecuted and would widely publicize his son's arrest.

In a closely divided Senate, Hunt's resignation would have allowed Wyoming's Republican governor to appoint a Republican to fill the remainder of Hunt's term and to run as an incumbent in the 1954 election, possibly affecting the balance of power in the Senate in favor of Republicans. Hunt refused, and in response, Republican Senators threatened Inspector Roy Blick of the Morals Division of the Washington Police Department with the loss of his job for failing to prosecute Buddy Hunt. Buddy Hunt was prosecuted, and Senator Hunt attended the trial. On October 7, 1953, Buddy Hunt paid a fine for soliciting a plainclothes policeman "for lewd and immoral purposes", and on the same day, The Washington Post published the story. Buddy Hunt's attorney was quoted in an October 8 New York Times account as saying his client preferred "to avoid any further publicity." Aside from these brief media accounts, the arrest and prosecution of Buddy Hunt was not widely publicized at the time.

In December 1953, Hunt told journalist Pearson that he would not stand for re-election if the opposition used his son's arrest against him, fearing that the publicity would have a negative effect on his wife's health. Despite the threats of publicity from his political opponents, including a specific threat to distribute in Wyoming 25,000 leaflets about his son's arrest, Hunt did announce on April 15, 1954, that he would be a candidate for re-election. A poll taken on April 5, 1954, gave Hunt 54.5% support, with his nearest opponent at 19.3%.

In May 1954, as a member of the Senate's "liberal bloc", he proposed rules for Senate committees designed to eliminate some of Senator McCarthy's tactics. Later that same month, Senator Bridges renewed his threat to publicize Hunt Jr.'s offense to Wyoming voters. The Eisenhower administration, taking a different tack, offered Hunt a high-paying position on the U.S. Tariff Commission if he agreed never to run for the Senate again. On June 8, following a medical examination at Bethesda Naval Hospital, Hunt changed his mind about running again, and wrote to the chair of the Wyoming Democratic party, citing health concerns as the reason: "I shall never again be a candidate for an elective office." He did not, however, resign from the Senate.

On June 19, 1954, Senator Hunt shot himself at his desk in his Senate office, using a .22 caliber rifle he apparently brought from home. He was taken to Casualty Hospital, where he died a few hours later at age 61. The New York Times reported that he acted "in apparent despondency over his health" and left four sealed notes.

Just one day before Hunt's suicide, Senator McCarthy had accused an unnamed member of the Senate of "just plain wrong doing". After Hunt's suicide, McCarthy's ally Senator Karl Mundt of South Dakota denied that McCarthy was referring to Hunt.

Aftermath
The day after Hunt's suicide, Pearson published his charges about how Republican Senators had threatened Hunt, but described Hunt's motives as complex: "Two weeks ago he went to the hospital for a physical check and announced that he would not run again. It was no secret that he had been having kidney trouble for some time, but I am sure that on top of this, Lester Hunt, a much more sensitive soul than his colleagues realized, just could not bear the thought of having his son's misfortunes become the subject of whispers in his re-election campaign."

In private, he confirmed that Hunt had no serious health problem and wrote in his diary that "Unfortunately I am afraid that the morals charge against his son and the experience Hunt suffered was the main factor."

Hunt was buried on June 22 in Cheyenne at Beth El Cemetery following a brief church service. At the time of his death, Hunt was a major in the Army Reserve Corps.

On June 24, acting Wyoming Governor C.J. Rogers appointed Republican Edward D. Crippa to fill the remainder of Hunt's Senate term, which expired in January. On July 4, the conservative Washington Times-Herald reported Buddy Hunt's arrest and conviction from the previous year, with Senator Hunt's death giving the story wider circulation than it had previously received.

On July 9, Blick signed an affidavit exonerating Bridges and Welker of pressuring him, but his decision to prosecute Buddy Hunt under circumstances which did not normally warrant prosecution remained unexplained. On November 9, the Senate eulogized its members who had died recently and Senator Bridges called Hunt "a man who demonstrated the best qualities of an American. He was loyal and he served well". Hunt's cousin, William M. Spencer, president of the North American Car Corporation in Chicago, wrote Welker after learning he had eulogized Hunt: "I was shocked when I read this. It recalled to my mind so vividly the conversation with Senator Hunt a few weeks before he died, wherein he recited in great detail the diabolical part you played following the unfortunate and widely publicized episode in which his son was involved. Senator Hunt, a close personal friend of mine, told me without reservation the details of the tactics you used in endeavoring to induce him to withdraw from the Senate, or at least not to be a candidate again. It seems apparent that you took every advantage of the misery which the poor fellow was suffering at the time in your endeavor to turn it to political advantage. Such procedure is as low a blow as could be conceived. I understood, too, from Senator Hunt, that Senator Bridges had been consulted by you and approved of your action in the matter."

Democrat Joseph C. O'Mahoney won Hunt's Senate seat in the election on November 2, defeating Republican nominee William Henry Harrison III.

Buddy Hunt later worked on the staff of Catholic Charities in Chicago and then for the Industrial Areas Foundation of Chicago. With his co-worker there, Nicholas von Hoffman, he co-authored a paper, "The Meanings of 'Democracy': Puerto Rican Organizations in Chicago", that appeared in ETC.: A Review of General Semantics, an academic journal of linguistics in 1956. In October 2015, Buddy completed his first on-camera interview about his arrest and his father's suicide, for the Yahoo News documentary “Uniquely Nasty: The U.S. Government’s War on Gays.” Buddy Hunt died in Chicago on January 6, 2020, at the age of 92.

Later references
Allen Drury, a journalist who covered the U.S. Senate for United Press International, used Hunt's blackmail and suicide as the basis for his 1959 best-selling and Pulitzer Prize–winning novel Advise and Consent. In the novel, Senator Fred Van Ackerman from Wyoming uses a homosexual affair to blackmail Utah Senator Brigham Anderson. In 1962, the novel was made into a movie starring Henry Fonda and directed by Otto Preminger.

University of Wyoming historian T.A. Larson, author of a history of the state, wrote an account of Hunt's suicide and submitted it to Hunt's widow Nathelle, seeking her permission to publish it. Instead she threatened him with a lawsuit and he never published the results of his research.

Hunt's anti-McCarthyism and his son's arrest appear in fictionalized form in Thomas Mallon's Fellow Travelers (2007), a novel that describes a young man's introduction to hardball Washington politics in the 1950s as he discovers his gay identity. It is included as well in the 2023 television miniseries based on the novel.

In 2013, at a mock trial of Hunt's Senate colleagues McCarthy, Welker, and Bridges, all three were "found guilty of a variety of charges, including blackmail and causing bodily injury". Former Wyoming Governor Dave Freudenthal, who played the prosecuting attorney in the Cheyenne event, said: "This particular part of Wyoming history had been swept under the rug. So I'm really delighted to participate in drawing attention to it." The event was organized to coincide with the publication of a new study of Hunt's death, Dying for Joe McCarthy's Sins by Rodger McDaniel, a Presbyterian pastor, former Wyoming legislator (1971–1981), and Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1982. He used some of Larson's research.

title: Lester C. Hunt


text:
Kamarupi Prakrit

Kamarupi Prakrit is the postulated Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) Prakrit language used in ancient Kamarupa (11th–13th century). This language has been derived from Gauda-Kamarupi Prakrit and the historical ancestor of the Kamatapuri lects and the modern Assamese language; and can be dated prior to 1250 CE, when the proto-Kamta language, the parent of the Kamatapuri lects, began to develop. Though not substantially proven, the existence of the language that predated the Kamatapuri lects and modern Assamese is widely believed to be descended from it.

The evidence of this MIA exist in systematic errors in the Sanskrit language used in the Kamarupa inscriptions. A distinguishing characteristic of Kamarupa inscriptions is the replacement of ś and ṣ by s, which is contrary to Vararuci's rule, the main characteristic of Magadhi Prakrit, which warrants that ṣ and s are replaced by ś. Linguists claim this apabhramsa gave rise to various eastern Indo-European languages like modern Assamese and felt its presence in the form of Kamrupi and Kamatapuri lects.

Etymology of various names
The speech is known by different names, which generally consists of two words — prefix such as 'Kamrupi', 'Kamarupi', 'Kamarupa' referring to Kamarupa and suffixes 'dialect', 'Apabhramsa', sometimes 'Prakrit'. Suniti Kumar Chatterji named it as Kamarupa dialect (the dialect of Magadhi) as spoken in Kamarupa. Sukumar Sen and others calls it as old Kamrupi dialect; the speech used in old Kamrup Some scholars termed it as Kamrupi Apabhramsa, Kamarupi language or proto-Kamrupa.

Characteristics
Though the epigraphs were written in classical Sanskrit in kavya style of a high degree, they abound in forms varying from the standard.

 * Loss of repha and reduplication of the remaining concerned consonants.
 * Shortening of vowels.
 * Lengthening of vowels.
 * Substitution of one vowel for another.
 * Avoidance and irregularity of sandhis.
 * Loss of initial vowel.
 * Substitution of Y by i.
 * Total loss of medial Y.
 * Reduplication of consonants immediately followed by r.
 * Absence of duplication where it is otherwise necessary.
 * Varieties of assimilation.
 * Wrong analogy.
 * Varied substitution for m and final m.
 * Substitution of h by gh and substitution of bh by h.
 * Indiscriminate substitution of one sibilant for another.
 * Irregularity of declension in case of stems ending in consonants.
 * Absence of visarga even where it is invariably necessary.

Apabhramsa

Some linguists claim that there existed a Kamrupi apabhramsa as opposed to the Magadhi apabhramsa from which the three cognate languages---Assamese, Bengali and Odia---sprouted. The initial motive comes from extra-linguistic considerations. Kamarupa was the most powerful and formidable kingdom in the region which provided the political and cultural influence for the development of the Kamrupi apabhramsa.

Xuanzang (or Hiuen Tsang), when he visited Kamarupa in 643 CE mentioned that the language spoken in Kamarupa was a 'little different' from the one spoken in mid-India is provided as evidence that this apabhramsa existed as early as the 5th century.

Geographical vicinity
[[File:Charyapada.jpg|250px|thumb|Charyapada Golockchandra Goswami in his An introduction to Assamese phonology writes, "in early Assamese there seems to be one dominant dialect prevailing over the whole country, the Western Assamese dialect." Similarly Upendranath Goswami says, "Assamese entered into Kamarupa or western Assam where this speech was first characterised as Assamese. This is evident from the remarks of Hiuen Tsang who visited the Kingdom of Kamarupa in the first half of the seventh century A.D., during the reign of Bhaskaravarman"
 * alt=Sample of Apabhramsa]]Assamese, or more appropriately the old Kamarupi dialect entered into Kamrup or western Assam, where this speech was first characterized as Assamese.

Works
The sample of the old Kamrupi dialect are found in different inscriptions scattered around eastern and northern India, such as Bhaskar Varman's inscriptions. Daka, a native of Lehidangara village of Barpeta composed an authoritative work named Dakabhanita in the 8th century A.D.

title: Kamarupi Prakrit


text: User talk:68.160.191.126

title: User talk:68.160.191.126


text:
Acrolein

Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde. It is a colorless liquid with a foul and acrid aroma. The smell of burnt fat (as when cooking oil is heated to its smoke point) is caused by glycerol in the burning fat breaking down into acrolein. It is produced industrially from propene and mainly used as a biocide and a building block to other chemical compounds, such as the amino acid methionine.

History
Acrolein was first named and characterized as an aldehyde by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1839. He had been working with it as a thermal degradation product of glycerol, a material used in the manufacture of soap. The name is a contraction of 'acrid' (referring to its pungent smell) and 'oleum' (referring to its oil-like consistency). In the 20th century, acrolein became an important intermediate for the industrial production of acrylic acid and acrylic plastics.

Production
Acrolein is prepared industrially by oxidation of propene. The process uses air as the source of oxygen and requires metal oxides as heterogeneous catalysts:
 * CH3CH\dCH2 + O2 → CH2\dCHCHO + H2O

About 500,000 tons of acrolein are produced in this way annually in North America, Europe, and Japan. Additionally, all acrylic acid is produced via the transient formation of acrolein.

Propane represents a promising but challenging feedstock for the synthesis of acrolein (and acrylic acid).The main challenge is in fact the overoxidation to this acid.

When glycerol (also called glycerin) is heated to 280 °C, it decomposes into acrolein:
 * (CH2OH)2CHOH → CH2=CHCHO + 2 H2O

This route is attractive when glycerol is co-generated in the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils or animal fats. The dehydration of glycerol has been demonstrated but has not proven competitive with the route from petrochemicals.

Niche or laboratory methods
The original industrial route to acrolein, developed by Degussa, involves condensation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde:
 * HCHO + CH3CHO → CH2=CHCHO + H2O

Acrolein may also be produced on lab scale by the action of potassium bisulfate on glycerol (glycerine).

Reactions
Acrolein is a relatively electrophilic compound and a reactive one, hence its high toxicity. It is a good Michael acceptor, hence its useful reaction with thiols. It forms acetals readily, a prominent one being the spirocycle derived from pentaerythritol, diallylidene pentaerythritol. Acrolein participates in many Diels-Alder reactions, even with itself. Via Diels-Alder reactions, it is a precursor to some commercial fragrances, including lyral, norbornene-2-carboxaldehyde, and myrac aldehyde. The monomer 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate is also produced from acrolein via the intermediacy of tetrahydrobenzaldehyde.

Military uses
Acrolein was used in warfare due to its irritant and blistering properties. The French used the chemical in their hand grenades and artillery shells during World War I under the name "Papite".

Biocide
Acrolein is mainly used as a contact herbicide to control submersed and floating weeds, as well as algae, in irrigation canals. It is used at a level of 10 ppm in irrigation and recirculating waters. In the oil and gas industry, it is used as a biocide in drilling waters, as well as a scavenger for hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans.

Chemical precursor
A number of useful compounds are made from acrolein, exploiting its bifunctionality. The amino acid methionine is produced by addition of methanethiol followed by the Strecker synthesis. Acrolein condenses with acetaldehyde and amines to give methylpyridines. It is also an intermediate in the Skraup synthesis of quinolines.

Acrolein will polymerize in the presence of oxygen and in water at concentrations above 22%. The color and texture of the polymer depends on the conditions. The polymer is a clear, yellow solid. In water, it will form a hard, porous plastic.

Acrolein has been used as a fixative in preparation of biological specimens for electron microscopy.

Health risks
Acrolein is toxic and is a strong irritant for the skin, eyes, and nasal passages. The main metabolic pathway for acrolein is the alkylation of glutathione. The WHO suggests a "tolerable oral acrolein intake" of 7.5 μg per day per kg of body weight. Although acrolein occurs in French fries (and other fried foods), the levels are only a few μg per kg. In response to occupational exposures to acrolein, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3) at an eight-hour time-weighted average. Acrolein acts in an immunosuppressive manner and may promote regulatory cells, thereby preventing the generation of allergies on the one hand, but also increasing the risk of cancer.

Acrolein was identified as one of the chemicals involved in the 2019 Kim Kim River toxic pollution incident.

Cigarette smoke
Connections exist between acrolein gas in the smoke from tobacco cigarettes and the risk of lung cancer. Acrolein is one of seven toxicants in cigarette smoke that are most associated with respiratory tract carcinogenesis. The mechanism of action of acrolein appears to involve induction of increased reactive oxygen species and DNA damage related to oxidative stress.

In terms of the "noncarcinogenic health quotient" for components in cigarette smoke, acrolein dominates, contributing 40 times more than the next component, hydrogen cyanide. The acrolein content in cigarette smoke depends on the type of cigarette and added glycerin, making up to 220 μg acrolein per cigarette. Importantly, while the concentration of the constituents in mainstream smoke can be reduced by filters, this has no significant effect on the composition of the side-stream smoke where acrolein usually resides, and which is inhaled by passive smoking. E-cigarettes, used normally, only generate "negligible" levels of acrolein (less than 10 μg "per puff").

Chemotherapy metabolite
Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide treatment results in the production of acrolein. Acrolein produced during cyclophosphamide treatment collects in the urinary bladder and if untreated can cause hemorrhagic cystitis.

Endogenous production
Acrolein is a component of reuterin. Reuterin can be produced by gut microbes when glycerol is present. Microbe-produced reuterin is a potential resource of acrolein.

Analytical methods
The "acrolein test" is for the presence of glycerin or fats. A sample is heated with potassium bisulfate, and acrolein is released if the test is positive. When a fat is heated strongly in the presence of a dehydrating agent such as potassium bisulfate, the glycerol portion of the molecule is dehydrated to form the unsaturated aldehyde, acrolein (CH2=CH–CHO), which has the odor peculiar to burnt cooking grease. More modern methods exist.

In the US, EPA methods 603 and 624.1 are designed to measure acrolein in industrial and municipal wastewater streams.

title: Acrolein


text:
User:Janewang654

--Janewang654 02:02, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)janewang654

title: User:Janewang654


text: User talk:69.137.138.78

title: User talk:69.137.138.78


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shao thing

Shao thing was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Vanity, complete with psychic powers and forebodings of becoming supreme emperor. --fvw *  02:04, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)

 * Delete nonsense vanity. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:47, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Strong delete. Vanity - Andre Engels 03:01, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, borderline prank, vanity. Wyss 03:20, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. But surely he saw this coming, being psychic and all. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 03:21, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Shao thing, I think I love you. Delete.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 04:38, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain. We'll be a lot safer if we don't upset the future supreme Emperor of all humankind. Only delete if you're willing to personally assassinate him before he claims his throne.  P Ingerson 07:50, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-notable. Rumored supreme beings are a dime a dozen (it seems). -- Hoary 08:11, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)
 * Unless the Emperor rumour can be verified, delete. There's nothing notable about him, and it looks either like vanity or like a prank to discredit the real person. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 08:42, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Blatant vanity. --Gene s 12:24, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain Although it is nonsense, he would do something bad to me if i voted delete. --Stkhoo 11:28 PM +0800 GMT
 * Delete. Vanity. utcursch 13:30, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. Iam 04:06, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
XiamenAir

Xiamen Air, also known as Xiamen Airlines, is an airline based in Xiamen, Fujian, China. Xiamen Air has its northern headquarters in Beijing and eight branches in Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Tianjin, Hunan, Beijing, Quanzhou, Chongqing and Shanghai, and two subsidiaries in Hebei Airlines (99.47% shareholding) and Jiangxi Airlines (60% shareholding, based on the former Xiamen Airlines Nanchang Branch). Founded on July 25, 1984, Xiamen Airlines is the first airline in China to operate independently as an enterprise. It was established as a joint venture between the Shanghai Administration of Civil Aviation Administration of China, Xiamen Special Economic Zone Construction Development Company (now Xiamen C&D Group) and Fujian Investment Enterprise Company. The shareholders are China Southern Airlines Corporation (55%), Xiamen C&D Group (34%) and Fujian Investment and Development Group (11%). The current chairman of Xiamen Airlines is Zhao Dong and the general manager is Wang Zhixue.

Xiamen Airlines operates more than 320 domestic and international routes from Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport, Beijing Daxing International Airport, Fuzhou Changle International Airport and Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, with 3,500 to 4,000 flights per week and carries nearly 25 million passengers per year. Xiamen Airlines' logo is "A Heron Flying High", a well-known trademark in China, and its frequent flyer program is the Xiamen Airlines White Egret Frequent Flyer Program. The airline features in-flight announcements in Mandarin and English, but also in Minnan, which are broadcast by Xia Hui, a former broadcaster for the Central People's Radio station and Xiamen Broadcasting Company.

Xiamen Airlines is the 19th member of the international airline alliance SkyTeam and the first airline in mainland China to join the world's three major airline alliances other than other three major state-owned airlines (including China Southern, which withdrew from SkyTeam on January 1, 2019) and Shanghai Airlines, which joined the alliance as an affiliate member, and the fourth full member of SkyTeam in Greater China (the first three being China Southern, China Eastern, and China Airlines, of which China Southern withdrew from the alliance on January 1, 2019).

Xiamen Civil Aviation

The history of Xiamen's aviation industry can be traced back to the Xiamen Wutong Civil Aviation Academy in 1928, which was one of the only three aviation academies in the Republic of China at that time.

In 1929, the Zhangxia Navy established the Zengcuo Aun Naval Airport in Xiamen, and in 1932, the China Airlines Xiamen Office, a joint venture between China and the United States, operated air transportation to various places. Later, the airport was abandoned due to the Japanese invasion of China.

In 1941, during the Second World War, the Japanese who occupied Xiamen built Gaoqi Airport in the east of Gaoqi Village for both military and civilian use. From December 5 of the same year, first commercial flight between Xiamen and Taipei took off and landed at Gaoqi Airport.

After Japan's defeat and surrender, Gaoqi Airport was taken over by the Nationalist government and converted to a civilian airport on November 1, 1947. On August 24, 1949, the last scheduled Xiamen to Taipei flight took off from Gaoqi Airport to Taipei and then was discontinued (the route was not converted to a regular service until 2006 when holiday charters resumed and after December 2008). For the next 33 years, Xiamen's aviation industry was disrupted and Gaoqi Airport was abandoned after a brief period of military use.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xiamen was in a state of war for a long time and had no civil aviation airport of its own because of its location on the front of the Taiwan Strait. At that time, the citizens of Xiamen could only travel by boat or train. This contradiction was even more prominent after the establishment of Xiamen Special Economic Zone. On January 10, 1982, the Central Military Commission and the State Council approved the construction of Xiamen Gaoqi Airport. In October of the following year.

However, the airport had no airline that operated as a hub, and still could not solve the issue of lack of capacity. At the opening ceremony of Xiamen Airport, Zhang Ru, Vice Governor of Fujian Province Government, proposed to Shen Tu, Director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), who attended the opening ceremony, that the CAAC and Fujian Province cooperate to establish an airline company, and received support on the spot. Immediately afterwards, the CPC Fujian Provincial Committee assigned Vice Governor Zhang Ru and Vice Mayor of Xiamen City Xiang Zhen to work with Director Wang Dao of the Planning Department of CAAC to study the establishment of an airline company.

Founding
On October 16, 1983, the chairman of Aloha Airlines, Chen Qing who is a Chinese American, visited Xiamen to study the plan of establishing a Sino-foreign joint venture airline in Xiamen. Wu Zhongliang, who was involved in the establishment of Xiamen Airlines at that time, recalled that Aloha Airlines even had the intention of moving its base to Xiamen at that time.

On January 10, 1984, the Xiamen Municipal Government drafted the "Conceptual Plan and Opinions on Sino-foreign Joint Venture to Operate China Xiamen Special Zone United Airlines Co. Ltd." On January 25, representatives from Fujian Province and Xiamen City went to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) for project report, mentioning that priority would be given to joint undertakings by CAAC and Fujian Province as long as aircraft and funds were guaranteed. Subsequently, the CAAC, Fujian Province and Xiamen City held a special meeting on the proposed joint venture airline proposal, and finally rejected the joint venture airline proposal drawn up by the Xiamen City Government on the basis of air rights and other issues.

On March 2, 1984, the Civil Aviation Administration of China and Fujian Provincial Government jointly issued the "Approval of Agreement on Joint Venture Operation of Xiamen Airlines Co. Ltd. Xiamen Air Co. Ltd was officially established on July 25, 1984, as the first comprehensive local airline company and the first joint venture between the central and local governments. Gaoqi Airport have being chosen for the base of this new funded airline.

At the early years of the airline, Xiamen Airlines set itself as a regional airline, but the investment of 20 million RMB from the three shareholders was not available at the beginning of its establishment, and it only registered with a bank account with 5,000 RMB, without any aircraft and livery.

On January 5, 1985, 9:55 a.m., a wet-lease Boeing 737 airliner of Xiamen Airlines landed safely at Beijing Capital Airport at 12:27 p.m. after 2 hours and 32 minutes of flight time, which was the first route opened by Xiamen Airlines. In the afternoon, the company's second route, Xiamen-Guangzhou, was also officially opened, with the participation of Jiang Ping, vice mayor of Xiamen, and leaders of Xiamen Airlines, etc. On January 10, the company opened its third route, Xiamen-Shanghai. In these routes, the aircraft of Civil Aviation Administration of Shanghai operates Shanghai-Xiamen and Xiamen-Guangzhou routes once per week; the aircraft of Civil Aviation Administration of Guangzhou (the predecessor of China Southern Airlines) operates Guangzhou-Xiamen, Xiamen-Beijing routes and Xiamen-Hong Kong charter flights once per week. On February 12, 1985, Xiamen Airlines leased its first 737-200 aircraft, and on December 18, 1985, the third meeting of the first board of directors and the first meeting of the second board of directors of Xiamen Airlines decided to transfer the shares of the Civil Aviation Administration of Shanghai for Xiamen Airlines to the Civil Aviation Administration of Guangzhou, with the same ratio of capital contribution from each party. The agreement of joint venture operation of Xiamen Airlines by the three shareholders and the articles of association of Xiamen Airlines were amended and submitted for approval and became effective on January 1, 1986. On November 16, the first B737-200 aircraft was transferred from Guangzhou to Xiamen as the base of Xiamen Airlines. In November 1987, Xiamen Airlines introduced the second B737-200 aircraft, and in this year, Xiamen Airlines reversed the operating loss of the first three years and made a profit of 3.17 million RMB for the first time.

Expansion

Xiamen Airlines has made innovative breakthroughs in corporate organization, operation and management, and transportation services. At the time of its establishment, Xiamen Airlines was positioned as an independently accounted, self-financing limited liability company. In 1989, reforms were made to the organization, personnel management, labor distribution, housing system, medical insurance, employee benefits, etc. In 1997, the contract system for employees was implemented.

On November 16, 1986, the first aircraft of Xiamen Airlines was transferred from Guangzhou to Xiamen to start its operation. In the same year, Xiamen Airlines bid farewell to its losses and opened the curtain on 27 years of continuous profitability. August 8, 1988, Xiamen Airlines took over the ownership of its first new passenger aircraft from Boeing (Xiamen Airlines had previously operated old aircraft sold to Xiamen Airlines by China Southern Airlines and Southwest Airlines). The aircraft was a Boeing 737-25C Advanced (registration number B-2524), the last Boeing 737 classic airliner produced by Boeing Civil Aircraft. The aircraft was retired from service in 2003 and resold to Blue Dart Express.

In 1991, the General Administration of Civil Aviation (GACA) approved Xiamen Airlines to adopt "Blue Sky and White Heron" as its corporate logo. In the same year, the Civil Aviation Administration separated the government and enterprises and established China Southern Airlines, and the shares held by the Civil Aviation Guangzhou Administration were transferred to China Southern Airlines.

On August 12, 1992, Xiamen Airlines took delivery of its first Boeing 757-200 aircraft, registered as B-2819, which was also the 100th aircraft delivered to the Chinese civil aviation system by Boeing. This aircraft was retired in 2008 and sold to Blue Dart Aviation who converted the aircraft to a cargo plane.

In 2000, Xiamen Airlines launched the service between Xiamen and Bangkok, which was the first international service of Xiamen Airlines fly as MF897/8.

On July 25, 2012, Xiamen Airlines changed its VI logo for the first time from "Blue Sky with White Heron" to "One Heron Flying High", and the aircraft painting theme was changed from "Reform Music" to "Sea and Sky". The theme of the aircraft painting was changed from "Reform Music" to "Sea and Sky". To upgrade the logo of Xiamen Airlines, the Chinese design master Chen Youjian and TEAGUE, the design team appointed by Boeing, were invited to design, revise and prove the new corporate logo after repeatedly.

On December 1, 2018, Xiamen Airlines' last Boeing 757 (No. B-2868) was retired after its last flight from Shanghai Hongqiao-Xiamen, and since then there have been no Boeing 757 passenger aircraft in Greater China.

As China's aviation sector developed, the airline expanded to regional Asian destinations while the delivery of wide-body Boeing 787 Dreamliners permitted the airline to offer long-distance services. The airline's first intercontinental expansion was to Europe, which commenced with an Amsterdam service from July 26, 2015, and a Paris service from December 11, 2018. Services to Sydney followed from November 30, 2015, and Melbourne a year later. The airline's first North American service, to Vancouver was launched on July 26, 2016. XiamenAir's first US service was to Seattle followed by Los Angeles and then New York.

By early 2020, the airline had set up bases at Fuzhou Changle International Airport, Nanchang Changbei International Airport, Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport, Tianjin Binhai International Airport, Changsha Huanghua International Airport, Beijing Daxing International Airport (moved from Beijing Capital International Airport in 2020), Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport.

On November 17 of the same year, SkyTeam officially announced the details of Xiamen Airlines' membership in the alliance and signed a letter of intent to join the alliance in Rome, Italy. On November 21, 2012, Xiamen Airlines officially became the 19th member of SkyTeam and added three new hubs to the alliance—Xiamen, Fuzhou and Hangzhou—making it the first airline in China to join one of the three global airline alliances, in addition to the three major state-owned airlines (of which China Southern, the parent company of Xiamen Airlines, withdrew from SkyTeam on January 1, 2019) and Shanghai Airlines, which joined the alliance as a subsidiary member.

Alliance
On November 17, 2011, XiamenAir signed a memorandum of understanding with the airline alliance SkyTeam. On November 21, 2012, the airline was officially welcomed as the 19th member of SkyTeam.

Codeshare agreements
XiamenAir has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:

 * Air France (joint venture partner)
 * China Eastern Airlines
 * China Southern Airlines (joint venture partner)
 * Garuda Indonesia
 * Japan Airlines
 * KLM (joint venture partner)
 * Korean Air
 * Malaysia Airlines
 * Mandarin Airlines
 * Philippine Airlines
 * Qatar Airways
 * Saudia
 * Vietnam Airlines

Joint venture agreements
XiamenAir has joint venture agreements with the following airlines:
 * Air France
 * China Southern Airlines
 * KLM

Fleet
As of December 2023, the fleet size (including subsidiaries Jiangxi Airlines and Hebei Airlines) reached 156 aircraft, with an average aircraft age of 9 years.

However, with Xiamen Airlines to formally introduce 15 Airbus A321neo under operating leases in October 2022, and form a series of Airbus protection systems. Xiamen Airlines will end the record of 37 years of full Boeing fleet since its foundation and start a new era of "Airbus-Boeing" fleet.

, XiamenAir operates the following aircraft:

Currently, Xiamen Airlines provides first-class services with business-class seats on domestic routes in China as usual. On international and regional routes, business class and economy class services are offered as usual. The Boeing 787-8 has 180-degree lie-flat seats in both First and Business Class and is equipped with Panasonic EX3 personal TV entertainment system with charging outlets and USB ports in all three classes. B-2760, B-2761, B-2762, and later 787-9 with in-flight Wi-Fi access.

Fleet history
XiamenAir has previously operated the following aircraft:
 * Boeing 737-200
 * Boeing 737-300
 * Boeing 737-500
 * Boeing 757-200

Accidents and incidents

 * On October 2, 1990, Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 from Xiamen to Guangzhou, a Boeing 737-200 jetliner, was hijacked shortly after takeoff and collided with two additional aircraft upon landing at Baiyun International Airport, killing 128 people.
 * On April 30, 2008, Xiamen Airlines Flight 8052, a Boeing 737-700 registered B-2992, nearly collided with China Southern Airlines Flight 6621 on the runway of Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport. The Xiamen Airlines flight mistakenly entered runway 10 without informing the tower, and while the China Southern Airlines flight had started its take off roll. The China Southern flight immediately started emergency braking and turned to one side to avoid a collision, and came to a complete stop with the front wheels of the two aircraft only 35 meters apart. After the incident, the Xiamen Airlines flight crew did not follow the tower's instructions to cancel the flight for investigation, and even erased the black box record in an attempt to evade responsibility. The captain of Xiamen Airlines was eventually suspended from flying. The flight operator's rights to operate the flight were also revoked.
 * On August 16, 2018, XiamenAir Flight 8667 crash-landed at Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport in the Philippines amidst heavy monsoon rains. The Boeing 737-800 skidded off the end of the runway. All 157 passengers and crew were unharmed. According to Flightradar24 data, the flight aborted its first landing attempt.  As a result, the accident aircraft was parked on Runway 06/24, which is used for large aircraft, and the runway was closed for a long time until noon on the 18th.

title: XiamenAir


text:
Talk:War in the Vendée

Peasants position worsened...
Is there a citation on the recently added claim that the "...peasants perceived that their position had worsened, not improved since the fall of the Ancien Régime"? The way this is written, it must mean worsened economically, not in terms of the issues over religion. I'm leaving it, because it seems likely enough, but a citation would be good. -- Jmabel | Talk 02:07, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

POV
This section, added a few hours ago under the heading "Aftermath", by User:Warzybok, strikes me as almost pure POV. I've moved it here for discussion; someone is welcome to rewrite it in a more neutral manner (if that leaves anything) and re-add it to the article. -- Jmabel | Talk 22:59, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * Less than 6 months after the Genocide in the Vendee, Robespierre and hundreds of Jacobin Club members were executed in what is called The White Terror. It is a generally accepted fact that the events of the Vendee had tremendous impact on this coup, that would see the Thermidorian Government rise to power. Robespierre had simply caused to much damage to the face of the revolution, and the last victim of his reign of terror would be none other than himself. Vendee is but one factor that led to the fall of the French Revolution, but it was a very critical one. The French people had initially joined the revolution when they saw the king as a threat to their rights, events in the Vendee and elsewhere illustrated that the Jacobins were no longer any better.

It appears to be more historical interpretation, rather than point of view. I personally havent read about a direct link between the Vendee Uprisings and the Thermidorians. I would be inclinded to disagree with it. The Jacobin terror was just as present in Paris and everywhere else as it was in the Vendee. Although the Thermidor Coup is seen a part of the Revolution rather than the fall of the revolution. BadSeed Dec 20 2004

Inconsistency?
I’m confused. On this page it says that the First Battle of Châtillon was a great Republican victory in that “Jean Baptiste Kléber arrived from Mainz with a veteran army to suppress the rising. At the First Battle of Châtillon, southeast of Cholet, he inflicted one of the first defeats on the insurgents.”

But on the Wikipedia page for the “First Battle of Châtillon” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2tillon it says “The First Battle of Châtillon (5 July 1793) during the War in the Vendée saw the Vendean Royalists defeat a French Republican raiding force led by François-Joseph Westermann. The rebel Catholic and Royal Army virtually destroyed the Republican column, only Westermann and a few hundred cavalrymen escaping the disaster.”

So who won the battle? The Republicans lead by Jean Baptiste Kléber or the Royalists defeating Westerman? What am I not understanding?

VFF0347 (talk) 16:11, 21 May 2018 (UTC) VFF0347 May 21, 2018

 * The entire war is confusing. I have come across so many conflicting articles on it it's not even funny. It seems both sides have a different POV. (Although I do believe that many of the Republican views are exaggerated; part of their old propaganda, if you know what I mean.) Oh well. I've been writing about one of the Generals, François de Charette, and every way I turn I find something contradictory in all the accounts I find about him. I've gotten to the point that I just write one of the versions and leave it as is. Accuracy is next to impossible. Mlle. Renée Marie (talk) 13:01, 20 September 2020 (UTC)

Films
Note that the film makers and the awards they have received and the film festivals where they got prizes are all a sea of red. It seems pretty clear that these are obscure anti-Revolution accounts of the Roman Catholic side of the story. -- Orange Mike |  Talk  13:47, 16 May 2021 (UTC)

Antienlightenment?
Should we describe the term "antienlightenment" to describe the rebel forces? This carries a lot of assumptions. Royalist could be the least problematic term. PatGallacher (talk) 17:33, 7 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:War in the Vendée


text: User talk:80.56.156.164

title: User talk:80.56.156.164


text:
The Blauzes

The Blauzes are two small New York City islands in City Island Harbor which are part of a reef extending 600 yards northwest of the northern tip of Hart Island. They are composed of Manhattan schist bedrock with a slightly bluish tint and are semi-hemispherical in shape.

The Blauzes is derived from "Little Blue Ones" in Dutch. The name comes from the Belgian Huguenots, who were the first Europeans to settle the area. They are jokingly referred to by local residents as the Blue Breasts because their odd shape resembles that of a voluptuous woman's bosom.

The pair are part of the Pelham Islands.

title: The Blauzes


text:
User:DanKeen

Just here to help out.

Wrote mass airflow sensor so far...

title: User:DanKeen


text:
Talk:Trading Places

Best sentence in Wiki history
"In the years followings its release, some critics have praised the film while highlighting elements that they believe have aged poorly and become seen by some as problematic, including racial language, the use of blackface, and the implied rape of Beeks by a gorilla." The deadpan delivery of the final fact.--Bellerophon5685 (talk) 02:18, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Yeah...I've made an attempt to clean that up. DonIago (talk) 14:28, 14 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I like to read it in the voice and tone of the Police chief in Beverly Hills Cop when he says "who disabled an unmarked unit...with a banana?" Darkwarriorblake (talk) 15:02, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

In the club
Can anybody identify the song the guys in the club sing to the ladies before Winthorpe shows up in his cheap clothes from Ophelia? Hodsha (talk) 21:37, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Constance Fry, Constance Fry,

Anytime you call, Constance will fulfill your needs, Winter, spring, or fall

Absolute classic! Surely it's Love Me Tender. Or whatever that itself ripped off? :)   SN54129  22:08, 26 September 2023 (UTC) By the way, I believe I'm still a member of this club.
 * https://boards.straightdope.com/t/in-trading-places-what-was-that-song-they-sang-at-the-tennis-club/261614/3 Darkwarriorblake (talk) 07:08, 27 September 2023 (UTC)

Christmas Movie
No I am not the IP User:Darkwarriorblake. I'm pretty sure I've never edited here before, and I sincerely do not recall doing so (I am not scrolling the history now). It came from here.

I suppose it is simpler to perceive it as the action of a single person, since spontaneity implies a genuine underlying need to enlarge it. Enlarging it from one setence to two sentences in any case, so not really a big deal.

Nevertheless, if you intend to remove information supported by sources, its presence is unrelated to the creation of a separate section about the role as Christmas movie, which would actually make the article more readable in general. It was time to rearrange it.

Your edit is therefore excessive and good luck next year! Please just don't imagine it's the same person :D Alexmar983 (talk) 13:40, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Apologies then, the IP was very adamant about including the specific channel it aired on and changing the release date. The second sentence seemed to be pretty much a repeat of the first bar mentioning the specific TV channel unless I was misreading it, but this is ultimately temporary information since it may change channels and I do not find it relevant to include, and while commentary about it being a Christmas movie is relevant, I don't think it needs its own section to explain as it's not a controversial subject. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 14:15, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Darkwarriorblake the specific "emphasis" on mentioning the channel in the explanation is because that particular channel originated the tradition, shaping it into a part of "modern folklore." Take, for instance, the name of this Facebook  group. This aspect remains constant —TV stations and their associated 10-15y+ TV traditions tend to remain stable in Italy. It's akin to Domenica in being on Rai1 or Chi l'ha Visto? on Rai3  or Striscia la Notizia on 5. They might theoretically exist elsewhere within the same broadcaster, but they simply won't. It's intriguing how this aspect significantly influences perception.
 * The separate section, in my opinion, is essential. Placing that block within the current paragraph disrupts its flow. Bye!--Alexmar983 (talk) 14:31, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Here another source in English that cites Italia 1. This removal is actually against the source material because you need this info to provide the complete explanation. To get an idea, it's like removing on another language Wiki a reference to NBC describing the New Year's Eve specials because "it can change the broadcasting station" or "it's promotional". It basically sounds like that - if not wrong at least "naif". So let's don't go too much against the windmill, at a certain point it would be kept. it's just not worth to remove it probably every year when the next person arrives.--Alexmar983 (talk) 23:35, 4 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Cracked isn't a reliable source but even with a reliable source the relevance of the TV station would be in doubt. Also the comparison is not applicable, NBC makes their specific New Year's Show, it's not just playing a film, it's a live broadcast. They're literally called NBC New Year's Eve specials. Explain how the explanation is incomplete sans the title of the TV station which I'll add has even less relevance on the English Wikipedia about an American film. Also, if the significance is so great, why isn't the film mentioned on the Italia 1 article? I'm never going to agree with you, I'd recommend searching the Wikipedia process for 3rd opinions. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 23:49, 4 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Don't need to. The inertia of sources is on my side, I know the topic and can feel that this idea that removing any mention of the braodcaster gives some integrty is self-refential, because it's just part of the lore, that's it. I can bring other sources and make other comments but there's no point. I've noted your assertiveness in identifying me as someone else, which has given me insight into your approach as a user, you think you're protecting the page, probably sometimes you are mostly protecting a "social role" that you feel here. It's a side-effect of low user density, no blame..
 * The information will continue to surface over time... because I know the sources in Italian so there will be a fraction filtering down to English media, ad another one and another one... another source, another explanation why it's not the right source, another undo...eventually, there may come a point where you will stop and focus on other aspects.
 * I am just doing this for the poor fellow who might be here this next December etc., so they don't have to spend time. they will understad someone is overfocused on one aspect and they will give up to do other things, or come here prepared.
 * Don't forget to link this discussion if it's the archive at that point! You need to provide all information, especially whan you think you are right :D You can put it in amessage the user talk page or if you undo, link it into the edit summary.--Alexmar983 (talk) 23:04, 3 March 2024 (UTC)
 * It's really weird you're still bringing this up. There being sources or not wouldn't matter, the existing text states it plays on Italian TV at Christmas and further back than these Italia 1 runs you're so precious about so there'd never be a time when we'd remove the earliest debut for later ones or that it playing specifically on a certain TV channel would ever be notable.Darkwarriorblake (talk) 23:17, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

Ameche's Heart Attack line wasn't to Randolph
"Ameche was opposed to using foul language and often apologized in advance to his crewmates for what he was scripted to say; he only performed one take of his final scene where he shouts "fuck him" towards Randolph."

The line wasn't directed to Randolph. Ameche was being advised by an employee of the firm, and when advised of his brother's heart attack, Ameche yelled the line to the employee. 2600:1700:BF10:69D0:9C17:8997:9736:1D18 (talk) 20:03, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
 * He's saying "fuck [him]", [him] being Randolph. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 21:55, 13 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Indeed, IIRC, replying to Alfred Drake, Exchange chief, whom we have already met discussing escargots and being advised against going long on April wheat :)   ——Serial  15:00, 14 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Quite odd response, to say the least. One might even observe that some of the responses to Wiki article issues in general have become moribund and some would say somewhat Philistine in nature. The eff-him statement was NOT made "TOWARDS" Randolph. It was OF Randolph, and made TO the Drake character. These niddly quirk responses contribute, bit by bit, to a diminishment of the stature and correctness of Wiki's reputation and construct. (And contribute to a reluctance of readers to make any suggested corrections at all.) 2600:1700:BF10:69D0:4022:E813:6B13:1A66 (talk) 15:08, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
 * You're splitting hairs. And taking the whole thing a little too seriously. Don "Hey Martez" Ameche (Mortimer) effectively says "Fuck Randolph" (Ralph "Randy Jackson from the Jackson 5" Bellamy) to Drake, in Randolph's presence, and that's all you need to know. Cheers!  ——Serial  15:30, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The hairs you split are not by me, they are yours. Ameche screams the line to the exchange character, NOT to his collapsing brother, and he says "Eff HIM", NOT "Eff Randolph". For your own personal verification, kindly see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLySXTIBS3c&ab_channel=BloombergOriginals. I stand by my original comments. "Hair splitting" my ratz rump. 2600:1700:BF10:69D0:4022:E813:6B13:1A66 (talk) 16:46, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
 * a) Ameche screams the line to the exchange character, NOT to his collapsing brother. Yes; I have said this multiple times myself now; and b) He says "Eff HIM", NOT "Eff Randolph". Note I said "effectively says...", meaning, "can be parsed as", while not avoiding the original confusion above where certain parties to this discussion were confused to whom the "him" was directed; c) May I suggest using your night stick?  ——Serial  17:08, 5 February 2024 (UTC)

Recent IP edits
Noting how I agree with much of them. Also noted for the record: misuse of rollback (see: WP:ROLLBACKUSE) to revert a non-vandalising edit. ——Serial Number 54129 13:25, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Good for you I guess? Removing large swathes of the lede summary and interpeting "Instead, the characters do not dismantle or expose the corruption of the financial system" as not correct because insider trading, which was a part of the system til 2010, isn't part of the financial system or assuming that the intent of the sentence is about them literally bringing down the financial system. Their edits are basically "I don't understand the content, I'm going to change it until I personally do." Same with removing the comment about screwball comedy because (according to Wikipedia) it's a subgenre of Romantic Comedy, ignoring the multiple references to it as a screwball comedy throughout the article or that while Winthorpe indeed does not bang Valentine, he does woo Ophelia. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 13:35, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Also changing Social stratification to Social class, I'm not expert but the former groups people by things including race, which is important to the film, while the latter groups them by working class to upper class, when Valentine is not working class, he's a poor black hustler who is assessed by the Dukes' primarily on his race, assuming he comes from a broken home, etc. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 13:42, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Please see WP:IND, and join me, also, in condemning the misuse of rollback.  ——Serial Number 54129  13:48, 14 May 2024 (UTC)
 * , I accept you criticism and I apologise if I really misused the rollback tool, but I (may be erroneously?) interpreted the edit I reverted as a reiteration of a disruptive action by part of the IP. In that sense I considered it as a vandalic edit. --DoebLoggs (talk) 13:51, 14 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trading Places


text:
Quadra Island

Quadra Island is a large island off the eastern coast of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Discovery Islands, in the Strathcona Regional District.

Etymology
In 1903, the island was named after the Peruvian Spanish navigator Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra, who explored and settled the Vancouver Island area in the late 18th century.

History
The island was claimed by the Peruvian Spanish navigator Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra for the Spanish Empire in the 1700s. A settlement was not successfully negotiated and ownership of the island remained in dispute between Britain and Spain in the early 1790s. The two countries nearly began a war over the issue; the confrontation became known as the Nootka Crisis. That was averted when both agreed to recognize the other's rights to the area in the first Nootka Convention in 1790, a first step to peace. Finally, the two countries signed the second Nootka Convention in 1793 and the third Convention in 1794. As per the final treaty, the Spanish dismantled their fort on Vancouver Island and left the area after both countries agreed that no permanent settlements should be established in the area neither by Spain nor by Britain, while rights of trade and shipping were to be shared by the two powers.

In 1846, the Oregon Treaty was signed by the British and the U.S. to settle the question of the U.S. Oregon Territory borders. The Treaty made the 49th parallel latitude north the official border between the two countries. In order to ensure that Britain retained all of Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands, it was agreed that the border would swing south around that area.

The Coast Salish inhabited Quadra Island when Captain George Vancouver visited and wrote about their village at Cape Mudge in 1792; he described long houses, boats and a population of roughly 300 people. The Salish were driven out by other First Nations in the late 1800s.

B.C. historian Jeanette Taylor states that "the We-Wai-Kai, with roots to the north among the Kwakwaka’wakw, took over the island through a complex process of both warfare and intermarriage". They fished for salmon year-round. The We-Wai-Kai band of the Kwagiulth live in Cape Mudge today. According to the historian, they "were prohibited from buying alcohol and barred by the government from the mechanized fishing fleet until 1926. Even their ceremonial gatherings – potlatches – were made illegal". In 1922, after mass arrests, the We-Wai-Kai people surrendered their masks and regalia to the government. The property was not returned to them for some 50 years, to the Nuuyumbalees Cultural Centre.

The first school was built by the Kwagiulth people at Cape Mudge in 1893; the fishing fleet in operation at that time is still successful today. A copper and gold mine, the Lucky Jim, opened in 1903 but was destroyed by fire in 1941. In 1904, the island had "two post offices, a school, hotel, lumber camps, mills, and a mission", according to one report. A passenger ferry commenced service in 1949 and a ferry for vehicles started in 1960.

By 1904, Quadra had two post offices, a school, hotel, lumber camps, mills, and a mission. Severe fires devastated Quadra over the years leading to a poor economy well into the 1930s.

Geography
Quadra Island is separated from Vancouver Island by Discovery Passage, and from Cortes Island by Read Island and the Sutil Channel, and is linked to that island by a ferry from Heriot Bay on its eastern shore. The island has many beaches, trails, lakes, and parks. Main Lake Provincial Park is located on the northern part of the island, and Rebecca Spit Marine Provincial Park is on the eastern shore, near Heriot Bay.

Quadra Island is about 35 km from its northernmost point to its southernmost point. The island at its narrowest point, on its southern peninsula, is less than 2 km wide, and at its widest point, about 15 km wide. With an area of 310 km2, Quadra Island is the largest island of the Discovery Islands and the second largest island in the Salish Sea after Whidbey Island in Washington.

Geology
Few of the island's soils are well suited to agriculture. Most are coarse and, outside of poorly drained areas, have classic podzol profile development; well-drained podzols are mapped as Kye loamy sand and Quinsam gravelly sandy loam. A small area of dark well-drained unpodzolized soil (Lazo loamy sand) is mapped around the southeast corner. Dashwood gravelly loamy sand, a brown podzolic trending to podzol, is commonly associated with Kye and Quinsam. Imperfectly drained areas have brown podzolic Bowser loamy sand or classic podzol Sayward loamy sand. The more moist Custer loamy sand, a groundwater podzol, is present locally. Poorly drained areas have Arrowsmith peat, Parksville sandy loam, or Tolmie loam (the latter two are gleysols).

In spite of this, many residents have very successful home gardens, and the island boasts a well attended Garden Club and a bi-annual Quilt and Garden Tour.

Demographics
The population of island and surrounding mainland inlets, as of the 2006 federal census (excluding First Nations Reserves, tallied separately), was 2,472, down from the 2001 federal census count of 2,548. A more recent report (2017) suggest an estimated population of 4,000, with most at the southern end of the island, and states that many are "involved in the arts, fishing, logging, and tourism".

The Cape Mudge Reserve on the southern tip of the island is home to the We-wai-kai, one of the main bands comprising the Southern Kwakiutl (the other being the We-wai-kum nation|We-wai-kum based in Campbell River on Vancouver Island). Together they are known as the Laich-kwil-tach (historically known as the Euclataws or Yucultas, names more familiar to speakers of British Columbia English).

Education
There is an elementary school on the island. School children in grades 6-12 travel by ferry to Campbell River to attend École Phoenix Middle School or Carihi Secondary School. These schools are part of School District 72 Campbell River.

Culture
The Nuyumabalees Cultural Centre is located within the Cape Mudge Village. The Centre opened in 1987 to hold the Sacred Potlatch Collection which was returned by the Federal Government. The Centre continues its efforts in "researching, locating and repatriating potlatch artifacts" from other sources around the world, according to a local report.

The Southern Kwakiutl (part of the larger Kwakwaka'wakw ethnic grouping) migrated into the northern Georgia Strait from Queen Charlotte Strait over two centuries ago, displacing and absorbing the Comox and Pentlatch peoples who lived there.

A recent report about Cape Mudge Village (Yaculta) states that "the territory of the Kwa'Kwa'Ka' Wa'Kw Nation includes territory between a line running from Cape Mudge, Quadra Island to the mouth of Bute Inlet northward to Smith Inlet and around Vancouver Island to Quatsino Sound". The report adds that today, the We Wai Kai band of the Laichwiltach People "are a prosperous people involved with several major concerns in nearby Campbell River and on Quadra Island ... [they operate] a full service resort Tsa-Kwa-Luten Lodge & RV Park". The other two main villages are Quathiaski Cove, the island's commercial hub, and Heriot Bay a picturesque community.

Transportation
The BC Ferry terminal is located at Quathiaski Cove on the island, connecting to Campbell River on Vancouver Island. Each day, the ferry makes 18 round trips. Taxi service is available on the island. Flights from Vancouver stop at Campbell River and District Airport (YBL).

Many services are available at nearby Campbell River but Quadra has some too, according to the Discovery Island publication: a bank, ATMs, auto and marine repair services, a gas station (without automotive diesel), marine gas and diesel, cafes, restaurants, library, medical clinic, pharmacy, book store, groceries, an elementary school, childcare, RCMP detachment, real estate agents, hardware store, adventure tour operators and more.

Notable people
Hilary Stewart was a writer who lived here for 35 years writing about local history.

Ryan Guldemond - musician, lead singer of the indie rock band Mother Mother.

Jan Zwicky - philosopher, poet

Robert Bringhurst - poet, typographer, linguist

title: Quadra Island


text:
User:PetronelleT

living in Belgium

title: User:PetronelleT


text:
Talk:Mecca-Cola

Do they still exist?
The website linked to in the article does not work, and looking at the WayBack Machine shows there hasn't been a page there since february 2008. Do they still exist or have they suddenly closed down? /213.89.245.183 (talk) 12:53, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * They do exist still. I remember seeing a couple of local news articles in Dubai that said how companies like "Mecca Cola" had been invited to such and such an event. They do exist, but the media hype about it seems to have died down. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.151.177.143 (talk) 06:19, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Not sure they still exist. I saw the product around a bit in the Middle East when introduced but it seems to have disappeared, at least in Egypt and North Africa.70.36.140.35 (talk) 04:19, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

List of Countries
I have added a list of countries where it is distributed. Well, only 8 so far, but I will add more in the next few days. I plan on adding some history, charity contributions, and other info on the company in the next few days. Tell me how what you think. ko268 12:33am, 27 Februrary, 2008. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ko268 (talk • contribs) 05:34, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

Question on Website Quote
The quote from its website "associations who work towards peace in the world and especially for peace in the conflict between Palestinians and fascist Zionist apartheid" is also listed under on the Evoca Cola page. Is this coincidental or are they tied together somehow?

_Robgea 23:18, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

I've clarified the text: on the one hand insisting on the fact that Mecca-Cola claims to only provide only peaceful help, and on the other hand finding the exact quote on "fascist Zionist apartheid", with references on Mecca-Cola's corporate website on archive.org. Maybe we could remove the "Citations missing" mark ? --Farialima (talk) 18:47, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Arafat
'The beverage became a favorite drink of Yasser Arafat a few days before he died.' - can this be confirmed? Burgundavia 21:31, Mar 24, 2005 (UTC)

Categories
Is there a category for every specific manifestation of Anti-Americanism. Heres a good candidate. --- 18 May 2006, AJ (no username)

It's anti-American to donate to Palestine and to not sell in the USA? I never knew that! Armyrifle 00:00, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Yes this brand was anti-American and antisemitic. According to the BBC Article: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2640259.stm "It is all about combating "America's imperialism and Zionism by providing a substitute for American goods and increasing the blockade of countries boycotting American goods," Mr Mathlouthi told BBC News Online." Interesting why this quotation was not added to the article? Now their site is www.mecca-cola.com dead. As Coca Cola said "Ultimately it is the consumer who will make the decision" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.136.28.254 (talk) 18:33, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Wait, so to you anti-zionist = antisemitic? That's a pretty big reach there buddy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.36.140.35 (talk) 04:20, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

ROFLFROOROFLFLROFL
This is so hilarious! They're working peace?!: "associations who work towards peace in the world and especially for peace in the conflict between Palestinians and fascist Zionist apartheid. "--Urthogie 04:02, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

While I hate Mecca Cola for its extremely wrong position on the Israeli Palestinian conflict and calling Israel a fascist state, I don't think this discussion is meant for you and me to share political opinions but rather to discuss the article from a technical point of view. Thanks. Northern 17:55, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Indeed Northern, which is why you should have kept that opinion to yourself. ;-) Angrynight 01:52, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

And do not edit my replies please. Northern 14:20, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

where did you guys get that ikhwan stuff into this article? muslim brotherhood has nothing to do with this business

"Pro-Muslim consumers"
WTF is "pro-Muslim consumers" supposed to mean? If it's targeted at Muslims, it should just say that. -- int19h 14:39, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

Because it is not neccessarily targeted at Muslims, rather those that support Muslim companies. I agree that the wording Is a little vague but I think if it just said "Pro-Muslim coorperation consumers" it would be more confusing than it already is.

And another question about the accuracy of the slogan? I've never seen that slogan used, although I've seen others. Lost in translation, maybe but I'm pretty sure the company would go through the effort to translate their own slogans rather than have someone misquote them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.151.187.163 (talk) 08:19, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

 * WTF is "pro-Jewish consumers", WTF is "pro-Vegetarian consumers", the hint is in the term itself...... pro = for + "group" + "type".... so pro-Muslim consumers = consumers who are for Islam/Muslims. I think maybe you need to brush up your English, its much easier to write "pro-Muslim consumers" than "it's targeted at Muslims" using your own exact words. Its not hard to see which one uses less characters and words. Though pro-Islamic consumers would be far more descriptive in this articles context. --94.193.135.142 (talk) 21:03, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Mecca-Cola


text: User talk:128.2.156.14

title: User talk:128.2.156.14


text:
Talk:Elvetham Heath

Untitled
The final line of this article - does this have any basis? The article as a whole does not provide balance

-

Have you actually seen it yourself? Have you even ever been there at all? What's to "balance"?

Quite apart from that, Elvetham Heath is a nondescript housing development like thousands of others all over the UK and elsewhere. What is so special about it to make it deserving of its own entry? A mention on the page for Fleet would be a better place for it.

I agree the article is negative and unbalanced, so I have made some edits.

For starters it was missing some items including in the development, such as the pond, nature reserve, and church.

Also, although some might find the housing style nondescript, others don't, and the development has won awards on this basis. I've balanced this section.

The section on house prices was also far too negative, and basically incorrect. House prices in the better class areas of Hampshire and Surrey are on a par (as examples 3 - 5 beds in Mytchett, Farnham and Guildford sell for around £300 - 600k).

External links modified
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Gallery
There is now a gallery of photos. 82.1.160.158 (talk) 08:01, 8 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elvetham Heath