text:
Simplified Cangjie

Simplified Cangjie, known as Quick or Sucheng  is a stroke based keyboard input method based on the Cangjie IME  but simplified with select lists. Unlike full Cangjie, the user enters only the first and last keystrokes used in the Cangjie system, and then chooses the desired character from a list of candidate Chinese characters that pops up. This method is popular in Hong Kong and Macau, the latter in particular.

Simplified Cangjie is one of the few input methods which has an IME pre-installed on Traditional Chinese-capable personal computers.

Performance and learning
Although described as having an easier learning curve with less errors, Simplified Cangjie users have slower typing speed compared to full Cangjie. The user must choose from a list of candidate characters, which can be compared to "hunt and peck" vs. ordinary touch typing. Because Simplified Cangjie does not promote the full sequence of keystrokes of standard Cangjie, it could leave simplified Cangjie users without knowledge of how to code a character without the disambiguation lists.

Windows
In Windows, Simplified Cangjie is called 'Quick'. Microsoft Quick IME is bundled with all Traditional Chinese editions of Windows 3.1x or higher. Since Office 2007 and Windows 7, Microsoft offers two types of Quick: 'Quick' and 'New Quick'. Both are found under the section for Chinese (Traditional, Taiwan). The main difference between the two is that after the second keystroke, traditional Quick shows its drop down list while 'New Quick' will guess and output a character depending on the context (the New-Quick list needs to be manually invoked with an arrow key). 'New Quick' may also change previous characters of the sentence depending on whether the context changes. Microsoft also claims New-Quick to have an improved learning algorithm.

macOS

 * Sucheng input is part of the standard installation of macOS.

Hong Kong
In Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong, average computer users tend to prefer Simplified Cangjie over the full Cangjie largely due to its ease of use, and also the lack of other input methods available. The Cangjie IME itself has evidence of a strong presence in Hong Kong with it being available on most operating systems and keyboard layouts. As Hong Kong people are generally unfamiliar with phonetic-based input methods designed for Mandarin speakers such as pinyin and zhuyin, these methods are not widely used. Children in Hong Kong learn Chinese in a very different way from their peers in Mainland China and Taiwan, not only that they generally learn Chinese in Cantonese instead of Mandarin, but they do not learn any transliteration system until perhaps much later in their lives when they start learning Mandarin. Indeed, children in Hong Kong learn Chinese characters from the very beginning in kindergartens; in contrast, in mainland China and Taiwan, transliteration systems like pinyin or zhuyin are taught first before introducing any Chinese characters to children.

title: Simplified Cangjie


text:
Talk:Streetcore

Thread
Is this "generally considered their best album"? I personally prefer Global a Go-Go, and while that's just my opinion I do wonder if this statement can be substantiated. -R. fiend 02:37, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Good point. I based that on reviews I saw from AMG and places like Amazon, but only AMG has it rated higher. I don't think I really can substantiate it. FilthMasterFlex

Is there any evidence for the fact that "Coma Girl" was written for Joe's daughter? I've never heard this mentioned before, and can't find any confirmation online. I've therefore removed the sentence, but will happily reinstate it if anyone provides a reference. Tpth 05:32, 14 June 2006 (UTC)tpth

It's mentioned in the biography by Chris Salewicz. Given enough time I'd dig it out. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jon0999 (talk • contribs) 17:15, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Streetcore


text:
Meeting of Minds

Meeting of Minds is a television series, created by Steve Allen, which aired on PBS from 1977 to 1981.

The show featured actors playing historical figures, but in a talk-show format. Guests would interact with each other and host Steve Allen, discussing philosophy, religion, history, science, and many other topics.

Origin
Steve Allen originally created the concept for Meeting of Minds in the late 1950s. He intended to broadcast it as a segment of his weekly The Steve Allen Show television program but the show's sponsor, The Chrysler Corporation, raised objections and the segment plans were cancelled. Five years later, however, Allen and an acting troupe finally performed the segment on Allen's nightly Westinghouse show. Then, in 1971, Allen attempted to revive the concept as part of a syndicated talk series. The first episode was a critical success, and the program won three local Emmy awards. Allen then personally financed the development of six additional one-hour programs, which were ultimately produced by PBS beginning in 1977.

PBS series 1977–1981
The series was filmed at television station KCET in Hollywood, California. As nearly as was possible, the actual words of the historical figures were used. The show was fully scripted, yet the scripts were carefully crafted to give the appearance of spontaneous discussion among historic figures. Guests included: Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, Cleopatra, Marie Antoinette, Florence Nightingale, Thomas Paine, Francis Bacon, Thomas Jefferson, Voltaire, Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, Daniel O'Connell, Catherine II, and Oliver Cromwell.

Typically, each episode would be split into two parts, broadcast separately, with most or all of the guests introduced over the course of the first part, and the discussions continuing into the second part. A total of 24 episodes (or 12 two-part episodes) were produced.

Actors made multiple appearances as different guests over the course of the series; this was particularly true of Allen's wife, Jayne Meadows, who appeared in 18 of the 24 episodes (playing nine distinct characters). There was also one major departure from the usual format, in which William Shakespeare was joined by several characters from his plays, with Meadows playing the role of the "dark lady" of his sonnets.

The show won many awards, including an Emmy Award Meeting of Minds nominations: The scripts are available for public performance. Because of their educational nature, Allen did not attach a royalty to such performances.
 * Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series – 1978: Steve Allen, Writer;
 * Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a comedy or drama series – 1978: Beulah Quo;
 * Outstanding Lead Actress for a Single Performance in a drama or comedy series – 1978: Jayne Meadows;
 * Outstanding Achievement in Video Tape Editing for a Series – 1977: Terry Pickford, Editor and a Peabody Award.

Similar series
The Canadian television series Witness to Yesterday, created by Arthur Voronka, aired three years before Allen's Emmy-award-winning local program. Unlike the Meeting of Minds round-table format, Witness to Yesterday employed a one-on-one interview format that focused on a single historical figure each episode. Steve Allen appeared on a 1976 episode of Witness to Yesterday as George Gershwin.

Another Canadian TV series, Titans, followed a similar format. It was originally broadcast in 1981–82.

In French-speaking Canada, a version titled Les grands esprits ("The Great Minds") aired on Radio-Canada from 1982 to 1989. It was based on the original concept, with the scripts adapted and translated for the viewers by Jean Boisvert.

title: Meeting of Minds


text:
Talk:Global a Go-Go

Review
This is really more a review than an article. Needs work. -R. fiend 02:41, 18 Jan 2005 (UTC)

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Talk:Earthquake Weather (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Joe Strummer - Earthquake Weather.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 21:03, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

dead link
http://www.crcradio.net/issue10/Joestrummer.html seems to be dead & if they claimed the cover artist was called Shoes it's probably either somebody typing phonetically or a rogue spellchecker.109.224.137.121 (talk) 04:59, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

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Chris Hodgson

Chris Hodgson (born c. 1961) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was Reeve of Dysart country in 1993, and warden of Haliburton. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1994 to 2003 representing the ridings of Victoria—Haliburton and Haliburton—Victoria—Brock. He was a cabinet minister in the governments of Mike Harris and Ernie Eves, serving variously as Minister of Northern Development and Mines, Chair of the Management Board of Cabinet and Deputy Government House Leader, and Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing.

Background
Hodgson was born in Millbrook, Haliburton, Ontario, to the first Director of Education for Haliburton County, John Douglas Hodgson (1926-1997) and his wife Barbara Brintell. He graduated from Trent University in 1985 with a Bachelor of Arts honours degree in history and political science. He worked as a real-estate agent for RE/MAX and worked in health care planning for Haliburton County.

Hodgson's son, Cody, is a retired ice hockey player picked 10th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft who last played for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League in 2016. His uncle, Ronald Glen Hodgson, was a Tory MPP for many years, in the same riding later held by Chris Hodgson. His grandfather, Clayton Hodgson, also represented the riding federally from 1945 to 1963. Another uncle, Louis Hodgson, was also a PC MPP, representing the Toronto riding of Scarborough East for one term from 1963 to 1967.

Political career
Hodgson was the Reeve of Dysart county, winning 70% of the vote in his election, and warden of Haliburton County, prior to entering provincial politics.

Hodgson was elected to the Ontario legislature in a 1994 by-election with 50.9% of the vote, defeating Liberal candidate Sharon McCrae by fewer than 2,000 votes in the rural riding of Victoria—Haliburton. After the by-election, there were may accusations by the Liberal opposition and media that Hodgson's team appealed to homophobic prejudice in the region to put their candidate over the top. However, Hodgson's campaign prioritized the ongoing recession, and electoral analysis shows that he was elected on the basis of the positive response to his 5-point plan, focusing on cutting red tape and taxes, downsizing government, creating a good job climate, bringing deficits under control, and reforming education. Meanwhile, at the time of the by-election, the Liberal Party claimed to have unequivocally supported the NDP government's plans to provide increased social benefits for same-sex couples in Bill 167. In reality, the overwhelming majority of the Liberal caucus voted against the measure, and then opposition leader Lynn McLeod was accused of "flip-flopping" when she refused to support the NDP bill on the grounds of her opposition to same-sex adoption. Then Premier Bob Rae has also since been accused of using the same-sex benefits controversy as a wedge issue, “cynically cho[osing] not to whip his majority behind the bill because he saw an opportunity to blame its failure on McLeod's Liberals” and “was more interested in stopping the then-ascendant Liberals than in advancing the cause of equality.”

After the Tories won a majority government in the provincial election of 1995, Hodgson was re-elected over McCrae by almost 20,000 votes, with 67% of the vote. On June 26, 1995, he was named Minister of Natural Resources, Development and Mines in Mike Harris's government.

On October 10, 1997, Hodgson was named Minister of Northern Development and Mines, Chair of the Management Board of Cabinet and Deputy Government House Leader (holding the latter positions until 2001). He also served as Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing from 2001 to 2003.

Hodgson defeated McCrae for a third time in the 1999 provincial election, this time in the redistributed riding of Haliburton—Victoria—Brock. He retained his position as Chair of the Management Board in the new parliament, and was also named Commissioner of the Board of Internal Economy on July 27, 1999. After a cabinet shuffle on February 8, 2001, he was named Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing.

When Harris resigned as Premier in 2002, many expected Hodgson to enter the race to replace him. Instead, he endorsed Ernie Eves, the victorious candidate. He retained the Municipal Affairs and Housing portfolio in the Eves cabinet, but unexpectedly stepped down on January 13, 2003, announcing his decision to retire from politics. He did not run in the 2003 election. In 2004, he supported John Tory's successful bid to replace Eves as party leader.

Political achievements
As Minister of Natural Resources, Hodgson launched the Lands for Life initiative, which saw the largest increase in parks and protected space in the history of the province, and laid the groundwork for the government's Living Legacy program, the single biggest expansion of parks in Ontario. That year, he also reinstated the Managed Forest Tax Incentive Program, which promoted environmental stewardship and economic sustainability of private forestland. Hodgson also cooperated with hunters and animal rights activists to introduce the first amended Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act in 50 years, replacing the Game and Fish Act, in an effort to toughen enforcement provisions in the industry, increase protection of a wider range of species and better manage resources. Moreover, Hodgson brought together and collaborated with Ontario trappers to form the Ontario Fur Managers Federation for the management of wild fur resources. He also created the Special Purpose Account and the Fish and Wildlife Enhancement Fund and Advisory Boards to earmark funding to fish and wildlife parks, and set up an account dedicated to fishing and hunting license revenues for the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters. He also introduced Bill 52 to make Aggregate Industry more accountable for meeting strict provincial standards and removing barriers to job creation in the sector.

As Minister, Hodgson also awarded private-sector contracts to assist firefighting and frontline health and medical services at large fire sites. He led the strategy to tackle the Land Caution in the Temagami area, resolving the long-standing dispute on land use and resource management, and was also singled out for bringing together all sides of the Kawartha Highlands Signature Site and brokering an agreement by writing new legislation to turn the 36,000-hectare Kawartha Highlands into a provincial park. He was recognized as the key figure in this process by the president of the World Wildlife Fund Canada.

As Minister of Northern Development, Hodgson promoted economic diversity and the creation of long-term jobs in the North as chair of the $210-million Northern Heritage Fund and the $77-million Special Circumstances Fund, and maintained the Ontario Prospectors Assistance Program. He also helped draft the first partnership between the province and a First Nations band to manage a provincial park (Serpent Mounds). He was also praised for targeting illegal gambling and rejuvenated the horse-racing industry by banning video lottery terminals from bars and restaurants, and proposing slot machines at racetracks, rejecting a proposal for private gambling houses in a bid to consolidate the administration of legal gaming under the jurisdiction of the Ontario Lottery Corporation. His efforts were recognized by the Ontario Horse Racing Industry Association and the Responsible Gaming Council.

As Minister of Municipal Affairs, he rewrote the Municipal Act for the first time since the passage of the Baldwin Act in the late 19th century, placed protective status on the Oak Ridges Moraine and began the Smart Growth Initiative for the entire province, a program that was later renamed Places to Grow. As Minister, in conjunction with his role as Chair of the Provincial and Territorial Ministers of Housing, Hodgson persuaded the federal government to flow housing funding across the country to meet the varying needs of different regions, resulting in the construction of over 10,500 new units of affordable housing in Ontario. Hodgson also oversaw the mandate of Bill 124, ‘An act to improve public safety and to increase efficiency in building code enforcement’ under BRRAG (Building Regulatory Reform Advisory Group), which received royal assent in June 2002, and introduced legislation to help revitalize contaminated industrial sites.

In 2002, Hodgson was also responsible for Ontario's role in hosting World Youth Day, then the largest international conference held in Canada, which generated an estimated $233 million in economic spinoffs.

Ipperwash Inquiry
Shortly after assuming office, Hodgson was involved in a cabinet discussion with Harris and members of the Ontario Provincial Police concerning a standoff with native protesters at Ipperwash Provincial Park. The police cleared the park by force on September 6, 1995, and in the process killed an unarmed protester named Dudley George.

The Ipperwash Inquiry into the Ipperwash shooting was established by the Liberal government of Dalton McGuinty in 2004. In late 2005, former deputy Solicitor-General Elaine Todres testified that she heard Hodgson say, "Get the fucking Indians out of my park" at a lunch-hour meeting on the day of Dudley George's shooting. Former Attorney General Charles Harnick had previously testified that he heard Premier Harris say "I want the fucking Indians out of the park" at the same meeting. Harris and Hodgson both denied the allegations when they took the stand, and Deputy Minister Ron Vrancart testified against Todres’ claims that Hodgson was angry or agitated at the meeting. He stated that the only thing Hodgson spoke about at the meeting was that the matter had nothing to do with his ministry, and as such, he should not be the spokesperson for it. Ultimately, the Report of the Ipperwash Inquiry attributed the remark to Harris. Hodgson later stated that although he was glad that the Inquiry was providing an opportunity for healing among the First Nations community, the inquiry had become a ‘show trial’ of the former Conservative government. He is quoted having said that he not only did not say those words (“If I had said it, I would have said I said it”), but stayed quiet during the meeting because he felt the issue had nothing to do with his ministry, as it was an enforcement issue.

Awards
Hodgson's work on the Oak Ridges Moraine was recognized by the Environmental Commissioner with the 2001-2002 ECO Award. Hodgson and his ministry were also awarded the 2001 Canadian Urban Institute Brownie Award for leadership in policy development for Ontario's Brownfields Statute Law Amendment Act, 2001.

In 2003, the Chamber of Commerce named Hodgson Highlander of the Year for his service to Haliburton county.

He became the first MPP to have been awarded the AMO (Association of Municipalities of Ontario) award (2003). Hodgson became the first politician to win the OFAH's Ontario Hunting Heritage Award (2003).

After politics
Following his retirement from politics, Hodgson has sat on a number of public and private boards, including the EACOM Timber Corp., Mineral Streams Inc., and the Brick Income Trust Ltd. Hodgson is currently president of the Ontario Mining Association, the provincial mining industry's trade organization.

title: Chris Hodgson


text:
User talk:DavidBrooks

Total Mistake
Thanks for correcting Andreas Pereira's error. It was fully a mistake and never intended. elias_fdafs (talk) 02:44, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

Wrong
Wrong user. 79.106.203.107 (talk) 23:32, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

Nandani
Hii 2402:8100:21D0:648D:0:0:D0EE:2185 (talk) 09:31, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:DavidBrooks


text:
Talk:Rune Glifberg

Untitled
This article was listed on votes for deletion; see Votes for deletion/Rune Glifberg. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 02:56, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

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Christopher Hodgson

Christopher Hodgson may refer to:

 * Chris Hodgson (born 1962), Canadian politician
 * Christopher Hodgson (priest) (1561– after 1596), Catholic priest who played a minor role in the Babington Plot
 * Christopher Pemberton Hodgson (1821–1865), English colonial pastoralist, traveller and writer

title: Christopher Hodgson


text:
Foreigner (Foreigner album)

Foreigner is the debut studio album by British-American rock band Foreigner, released on 8 March 1977. It spun off three hit singles, "Feels Like the First Time", "Cold as Ice" and "Long, Long Way from Home". It also features album tracks such as "Headknocker" and "Starrider", the latter of which features a rare lead vocal from lead guitarist and co-founder Mick Jones.

Writing and recording
Jones had written several songs that wound up on Foreigner prior to the formation of the band. Lead singer Lou Gramm sang three of them – "Feels Like the First Time", "Woman, Oh Woman" and "At War with the World" in his audition to form the band. After the formation of the band, Gramm and Jones worked on several other songs, including "Long, Long Way from Home" (along with Ian McDonald), "Cold as Ice" and "I Need You".

McDonald claimed that although he received a writing credit only on "Long, Long Way from Home" he had a significant role in writing several of the other songs on the album. According to McDonald: "I had a lot to do with the development of the songs. And I’m still bitter about the way I was treated by some people connected to the band. I should have had co-writing credits on a lot more than just one song. And even with 'Long, Long Way From Home' I remember telling Mick that I wanted to have a share of the writing, because of all I’d put in to making it happen, especially on the vocal arrangements. He gave me a look that said he wasn’t happy with the idea, and he reluctantly agreed. But I deserved a lot more of the credit than I was given. That’s the music business, though."

Jones had wanted Roy Thomas Baker to produce the album, but he was not available. Instead, Sarm Studios owners Gary Lyons, who had worked as an engineer on several Queen albums that Baker produced, and John Sinclair served as producers along with Jones and McDonald. There is some disagreement about the roles that Jones and McDonald played in producing the album. According to Lyons:"Actually, Mick and Ian did very little on the production side. Typical of musicians, they wanted their names included, but they had nothing to do with what happened on the production side, although later on they remixed the album without John and me [we shall come to this shortly]. I can show you my contract for the album. John and I are down as the sole producers."

On the other hand, Jones says that: "I had already gotten a lot of experience of working in studios, through collaborating with some top producers like Glyn Johns. Both Ian and I worked closely on the way the album sounded. But it was a joint effort. I always like to involve people and get a team spirit going, which is what we did here."

The first attempt at mixing the album was done at Sarm Studios, London, but as they were dissatisfied with the result, the album was re-mixed at Atlantic Recording Studios by Jones, McDonald and Jimmy Douglass.

Reception
Los Angeles Times critic Robert Hilburn summed up his contemporary review of Foreigner saying "The production work is crisp, the melodies are serviceable and the vocals are eager. But there is far too little point of view to make any of it commanding." Hartford Courant critic Henry McNulty said "There's something good beginning here, and the sooner you get in on it the better." Annison Star reviewer Mike Stamler felt that most of the songs were "sanforized, sanitized and safely sterilized into three basic chords" with "immature lyrics," leaving little variety on the album, and suggested that more instrumental solos would have been beneficial.

Allmusic critic Andy Hinds said that for suburban teenagers in the 1970s the "immaculate rock sound" on Foreigner "was the perfect soundtrack for cruising through well-manicured neighborhoods in their Chevy Novas," and praised the band's "pure rock craftsmanship."

PopMatters critic Evan Sawdey felt that the non-single album tracks on Foreigner were more successful than their counterparts on subsequent Foreigner albums. He explicitly called out the artiness and folkiness of “Starrider”, the "casual creep" of “The Damage is Done” and the "fiery" “I Need You”, although he did say that “Woman Oh Woman” "started skirting into cheesy ballad territory" and that its "lead synth line has not aged well at all."

Billboard reviewer Gary Graff rated four of the songs from Foreigner (the three singles plus "Headknocker") among the ten greatest Foreigner songs. Graff described "Headknocker" as a "gritty, stomping rocker." Classic Rock History critic Brian Kachejian rated three songs from Foreigner as being among the band's top 10 songs; "Feels Like the First Time", "Cold as Ice" and "Fool for You Anyway." Kachejian called "Fool for You Anyway" a "great grooving ballad" with "a bit of an Eagles feel."

Classic Rock critic Malcolm Dome rated two songs from Foreigner as being among Foreigner's 10 most underrated – "Starrider" at #7 and "Long, Long Way from Home" at #4. Dome calls Starrider a "beautifully developed, introspective tale of aspiration," even though it doesn't sound much like Foreigner and its lyrics "come across as 50s pulp sci fi." Ultimate Classic Rock critic Eduardo Rivadavia also rated two songs from Foreigner among the band's 10 most underrated – "Fool for You Anyway" at #6 and "Long, Long Way from Home" at #2.

Jones has rated four songs from the album ("Long, Long Way from Home," "Cold as Ice," "The Damage Is Done" and "Fool for You Anyway") as being among his 11 favorite Foreigner songs.

Personnel
Foreigner
 * Lou Gramm – lead vocals, percussion
 * Mick Jones – keyboards, lead guitars, backing vocals, lead vocals (3, 7)
 * Ian McDonald – keyboards, guitars, saxophone, flute, backing vocals
 * Al Greenwood – keyboards, synthesizers
 * Ed Gagliardi – bass, backing vocals
 * Dennis Elliott – drums, backing vocals

Additional personnel
 * Ian Lloyd – backing vocals

In July 2010, the audiophile label Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab released this album on the Super Audio Compact Disc (SACD) format. It is presented in a "Mini Vinyl" replica cardboard case but omits the bonus tracks.

Production

 * Producers – Gary Lyons and John Sinclair, in collaboration with Mick Jones and Ian McDonald.
 * Engineer – Gary Lyons
 * Assistant Engineers – Jimmy Douglass, Michael Getlin, Kevin Herron and Randy Mason.
 * Mixing – Jimmy Douglass, Mick Jones and Ian McDonald.
 * Basic Tracks recorded at The Hit Factory and Atlantic Recording Studios.
 * Overdubs recorded at Atlantic Recording Studios.
 * Mixed at Atlantic Recording Studios.
 * Mastered by George Piros at Atlantic Recording Studios.
 * Art Direction – Bob Defrin
 * Cover Illustrations – Alex Gnidziejko

title: Foreigner (Foreigner album)


text:
Talk:Foreigner (Foreigner album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Foreigner debut.jpg
Image:Foreigner debut.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:55, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Foreigner (Foreigner album)


text:
Talk:Triphthong

old talk
Would English [wai] (why), [wei] (way), [wau] (wow), [jei] (yay), and [wou] (woe) be considered triphthongs, or do the semivowels not count? Xyzzyva 02:59, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Phonemically, in English, no. You can show this by putting a word like 'a(n)', which varies depending on which word comes next, before it: 'a way', not 'an way'. In Italian, I believe, they have diphthongs which in English would be the a sequence of semivowel and vowel, but they're considered diphthongs because when you put a word like ‘la’ before it, they become ‘l'’ e.g. ''l’uo’. Phonetically, I don't know. — Felix the Cassowary 07:46, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

RP examples
First, it shouldn't really say British English: I don't think those words have triphthongs in Scottish English, for example. They're Received Pronunciation.

Also, if it's generally accepted that they're disyllabic (which I don't think it is), are they really triphthongs at all? I'm going to remove "disyllabic" for now.--JHJ 19:42, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I was pretty sure they were disyllabic (as an Australian, which is generally considered essentially phonemically equivalent, I definitely make two syllables of ‘hour’), and that seeing as a phonetic definition of ‘syllable’ is somewhat difficult, a phonetic triphthong is essentially indistinct from a disyllabic sequence. —Felix the Cassowary ( ɑe hɪː jɐ ) 23:23, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

 * According to the sonority hierarchy, sequences like [aʊə] are expected to be disyllabic, too. -- j. 'mach' wust | ‽ 02:36, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * If they're disyllabic, then I don't think they're triphthongs (and neither does the first paragraph of this article); they're just a sequence of diphthong and monophthong. Wells  says that "some people" analyse them as triphthongs, so there may be some debate about this.  Also, see the brief discussion at Talk:Received_Pronunciation.  Personally (though I wouldn't necessarily expect an RP speaker to do the same as me) I distinguish higher and hire, and would consider the former to be two syllables and the latter to be one, but, on the other hand, hour feels like two syllables.--JHJ 17:10, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Triphthongs in Chinese language
One should mention that triphthongs are very imporatant in Standard Chinese (Mandarin):

 * "uai" (as in "kuai") - written as "wai" when stand-alone
 * "uei" (as in "gui") - written as "wei" when stand-alone, written as "ui" when preceded by a consonant
 * "iao" (as in "liao") - written as "yao" when stand-alone
 * "iou" (as in "liu") - written as "you" when stand-alone, written as "iu" when preceded by a consonant

 * I think it's been added now. However, is it really desirable to analyze the third component of the triphthong in Mandarin as approximants? For now I'll change it to what Standard Mandarin shows. Keith Galveston (talk) 05:12, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

This article is wrong, is there any source that proves English to have triphthongs?!
In Catalan, there is feia ('s/he was doing'), creuar ('to cross'), iaia ('granma'), and these are NOT triphthongs or quadriphthongs :S, but disyllabic diphthongs (same as RP English fire, hour, plougher'').

Most Romance languages have PROPER and REAL triphthongs, e.g. Portuguese, and Catalan, Spanish, Romanian, Occitan, etc.

I'll delete English triphthongs, seen there is not a source that proves this to be truth. 178.109.39.8 (talk) 00:05, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

I came here to find out about REAL examples of triphthongs and in english, that is crippled writing language, as it doesn't correspond to correct pronouncation, these examples clearly are not triphtongs, as fire seems to me that it has dipthong followed by hidden consonant or hidden vowel which has transitional properties, that would also make it consonant. Hour is much better example, but r ruins all, because there in fact is also hidden e sound in next syllable, which makes 4th vowel e, that is influenced by vanishing r sound, so if you would write correctly hour with correct prononcation and all sounds, it would be houer, where r should be replaced with r influenced e and it also contains 2 syllables, though barely noticeable.

Grr, as a foreign english speaker it is already frustrating enough, that sounds in english does not correspond to what is actually written and also use of r actually makes another frustration, not to mention, that in some languages there are different pronouncations of actual(!!!) r sounds. I can divide fire in 2 syllable(in spoken version), just as easy as liar. To my ear both of the words have similar structure of sounds(in sense - there are 2 syllables), but clearly one is proposed to have tripthong in one? syllable and other don't. Why? Judging by the definition: a triphthong is a monosyllabic vowel, but saying something really fast(english in my northerner opinion stands out as some northern italian - they actually speak very fast) does not make it one syllable. Putting together 3 or more vowels does not make it triphtong. I can make in my language even 4 or more vowels together which does not make quarthong - not to mention triphtong - simply there would be 2 dipthongs and they follow the same rules as more common use of 3 vowels - dipthongs + vowel(same applies to different order).

In my opinion there should be many examples of tripthongs that would follow some common rules as dipthongs do. And english is declared as true triphtong language among all. So, this is really ironic, that english does not have proper rules, how to distinguish which words have triphtongs. Also there should be some explanation what ancient greeks called triphthongs and are they really in one syllable and would they be classified as such in modern times. At least 2 Germanic examples, that I can read are not tripthongs - they are just combination of diphthongs and vowels. Triphtong could be Germanic meer(more), mae-er, where dipthong ae continues with different e, that is influenced by vanishing r, though this is really not considered as a diphtong case, where diphtongs are made from combinations among basic 5 vowels(a, e, i, o, u) and their variants, but diphtongs are not counted as combinations of combinations of the same vowel so why it is valid in making triphtong?

I mean this is quite a big ground problem in liguistics, as basically language consists of phonemes - vowels and mostly accompanied consonants - also included there are diphtongs. Diphthongs clearly requires different alphabetical representation, because if they are used in language, they are used often, but lack for distinct letters comes from the fact that users already know from experience how to pronounce 2, 3 or even more vowels from written form - also rules and knowledge gives hint which is correct combination and which are diphtongs, so that is actually shady way of skipping introducing some more letters for these sounds, because almoust all written systems does have some flaws, which requires some additional information, that requires translating text to speach - and it creates great joy for kids when someone pronounces words differently than others.

So, if diphtongs are made of combinations of 2 vowels(even similar, but not equal), then there is more or less total count of combinations, that can be used for further clasification. In the case of triphtongs - my question is quite simple - does they really exist? If triphtongs exist, I would really like to have list of monosyllabic triphtongs or at least definition how to construct them. Either that or there should be different definition. Maybe to save triphtongs there should be some addition of diphtongs with vanishing r, but right now at least current examples does not really give proper examples - as most of them are there for completelly different reasons. And really - should ending of vowel that is influenced by vanishing r, really be counted as different vowel? If we count a: e: i: etc. as one wovel, why a:r e:r etc.(where r just notes vanishing r) be distinguished as two different vowels? 92.22.56.85 (talk) 19:03, 22 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Dear 92.22.56.85: You don't know much about phonology, linguistics in general, or English spelling and grammar. Given that you're a non-native English speaker, the spelling and grammar are forgiveable, but they don't excuse your haughty and unsupportable prescriptivism or your preaching from ignorance. This is not the place to get your questions answered. Go study the science of language. And if you come back to say anything more on the subject, register and use a user id. --Thnidu (talk) 04:55, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

References and Citations
This page is almost totally lacking in references and in-line citations. Leaving aside Wikipedia's standards for this sort of thing, the fact that this is a somewhat tricky phonetic concept makes fixing this extra important. I might have a go at improving this in the coming weeks, but I'm not a phonetics specialist. I'd really value any guidance you all can give, and the input of an expert would be invaluable!

Looking forward to getting this thing kicked up a notch with you all. TI. Gracchus (talk) 00:30, 26 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I'd say check out the relevant phonology pages. I know Spanish and Romanian have some well-sourced information on diphthongs and possibly triphthongs. — Æµ§œš¹  [lɛts b̥iː pʰəˈlaɪˀt] 00:52, 26 November 2014 (UTC)

A source on the topic of triphthongs in English
Here is John C. Well's opinion on the issue (he's the author of the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary), if that can help. -- 11:26, 19 December 2014 89.93.227.90

Monosyllabic triphthongs with R are optionally distinguished from sequences with disyllabic realizations
Acoustically or just notationally? Secondly, why is the letter r capitalized ? --Backinstadiums (talk) 10:21, 7 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Triphthong


text:
Abdolkarim Soroush

Abdolkarim Soroush (عبدالكريم سروش ), born Hossein Haj Faraj Dabbagh (born 16 December 1945; ), is an Iranian Islamic thinker, reformer, Rumi scholar, public intellectual, and a former professor of philosophy at the University of Tehran and Imam Khomeini International University. He is among the most influential figures in the religious intellectual movement of Iran. Soroush is currently a visiting scholar at the University of Maryland in College Park, Maryland. He was also affiliated with other institutions, including Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Columbia, the Leiden-based International Institute as a visiting professor for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) and the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin. He was named by Time magazine as one of the world's 100 most influential people in 2005, and by Prospect magazine as one of the most influential intellectuals in the world in 2008. Soroush's ideas, founded on relativism, prompted both supporters and critics to compare his role in reforming Islam to that of Martin Luther in reforming Christianity.

Biography
Abdolkarim Soroush was born in Tehran in 1945. Upon finishing high school, Soroush began studying pharmacy after passing the national entrance exams of Iran. After completing his degree, he soon left Iran for London in order to continue his studies and become familiar with the Western world.

It was after receiving a master's degree in analytical chemistry from University of London that he went to Chelsea College, (a constituent college of the University of London which was merged with two other constituent colleges: Queen Elizabeth College and Kings College in 1985) for studying history and philosophy of science. After the revolution, Soroush returned to Iran, where he published the book Knowledge and Value (Danesh va Arzesh), the writing of which he had completed in England. He then went to Tehran's Teacher Training College where he was appointed the director of the newly established Islamic Culture Group. While in Tehran, Soroush established studies in both history and the philosophy of science.

A year later, all universities were shut down, and a new body was formed by the name of the Cultural Revolution Committee comprising seven members, including Abdulkarim Soroush, all of whom were appointed directly by Ayatollah Khomeini. Soroush's joining the Cultural Revolution Committee has been criticized on two sides. He has been accused by orthodox critics of preventing the Islamization of human sciences and by the opposition of the Islamic Republic regime of Iran to involvement in the dismissal of teachers.

Soroush rejected the opposition's accusation. There is no independent historical research on Soroush's role in events that led to the Cultural Revolution and also his membership and his role in the Cultural Revolution Committee. He has welcomed such study in his interview with Professor Forough Jahanbakhsh - inquiring into modern Iranian intellectual history.

In 1983, owing to certain differences which emerged between him and the management of the Teacher Training College, he secured a transfer to the Institute for Cultural Research and Studies where he has been serving as a research member of staff until today. He submitted his resignation from membership in the Cultural Revolution Council to Imam Khomeini and has since held no official position within the ruling system of Iran, except occasionally as an advisor to certain government bodies. His principal position has been that of a researcher at the Institute for Cultural Research and Studies.

During the 1990s, Soroush gradually became more critical of the political role played by the Iranian clergy. The monthly magazine that he cofounded, Kiyan, soon became the most visible forum in post-revolution Iran for religious intellectualism. In this magazine, he published his most controversial articles on religious pluralism, hermeneutics, tolerance, clericalism, etc. The magazine was clamped down in 1998 among many other magazines and newspapers by the direct order of the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic. About a thousand audio tapes of speeches by Soroush on various social, political, religious and literary subjects delivered all over the world are widely in circulation in Iran and elsewhere. Soon, he not only became subject to harassment and state censorship but also lost his job and security. His public lectures at universities in Iran are often disrupted by hardline Ansar-e Hezbollah vigilante groups who see his intellectual endeavors as being mainly motivated by anti-regime politics rather than theology per se.

Since 2000, Abdulkarim Soroush has been a visiting scholar at Harvard University, teaching Rumi poetry and philosophy, Islam and Democracy, Quranic studies and philosophy of Islamic law. Also a scholar in residence at Yale University, he taught Islamic political philosophy at Princeton University in the 2002–2003 academic year. From 2003 to 2004 he served as a visiting scholar at the Wissenschaftkolleg in Berlin. He spent the fall semester of 2007 at Columbia University and the spring semester of 2008 at Georgetown University's Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs as a visiting scholar. In the winter of 2012, he was a visiting professor at the University of Chicago teaching the intellectual and religious history of modern Iran.

Philosophy
Soroush is primarily interested in the philosophy of science, the philosophy of religion, the philosophical system of Molana Jalaleddin Balkhi (Rumi) and comparative philosophy. He is a world expert on Rumi and Persian Sufi poetry.

The philosophy of Abdolkarim Soroush can be summarized as follows:
 * Distinction between "religion" and our "understanding of religion".
 * Distinction between "essential" and "accidental" aspects of religion.
 * Distinction between "minimalist" and "maximalist" interpretation of Islam.
 * Distinction between values and morals that are considered internal with respect to Islam and those that are external.
 * Distinction between religious "belief" and religious "faith".
 * Distinction between religion as an ideology/identity and religion of truth.

Epistemology
Soroush's main contribution to Islamic philosophy is his interpretation of the Kantian distinction between a priori and a posteriori knowledge. His theory is called "the theoretical contraction and expansion of religious knowledge" and is primarily based on Kantian philosophy. Soroush maintains that one should distinguish between religion as divinely revealed and the interpretation of religion or religious knowledge which is based on socio-historical factors. The essence of religion is conceived by Soroush as independent from experience while religious knowledge is understood as a finite, limited, and fallible form of human knowledge, thus depending on empirical evidence.

Religious "belief" and religious "faith"
Faith cannot be compulsory. As he told one interviewer, "True believers must embrace the faith of their own free will - not because it was imposed, or inherited, or part of the dominant local culture. To become a believer under pressure or coercion isn't true belief.'" This also means that the believer "must ... remain free to leave his faith."

At Oxford, Soroush was heavily influenced by Iranian philosopher Komeil Sadeghi, to whom he has dedicated one of his books Expansion of Prophetic Experience.

Soroush's political theory
Soroush's political theory is in line with the modern tradition from Locke to the framers of the American Constitution. It portrays human beings as weak and susceptible to temptation, even predation. As such, they need a vigilant and transparent form of government. He believes that the assumption of the innate goodness of mankind, shared by radical utopians from anarchists to Islamic fundamentalists underestimates the staying power of social evil and discounts the necessity of a government of checks and balances to compensate for the weaknesses of human nature.

Soroush's political philosophy, as well, remains close to the heart of the liberal tradition, ever championing the basic values of reason, liberty, freedom, and democracy. They are perceived as "primary values," as independent virtues, not handmaidens of political maxims and religious dogma. Soroush entwines these basic values and beliefs in a rich tapestry of Islamic primary sources, literature, and poetry.

Religious democracy
Soroush introduced his own definition of the term religious democracy which is now a topic in contemporary Iranian philosophy and means that the values of religion play a role in the public arena in a society populated by religious people. Religious democracy falls within the framework of modern rationality and has identifiable elements. It is in this way that there are a plurality of democracies in the international community. "Religious democracy" is a subject of intense research in Iranian intellectual circles.

Given historical circumstances and contingencies, governments may turn out to be primarily democratic or religious. What alters the hue and color of democracy is a society's specific characteristics and elements. The possibility of a democratic religious government also exists and is attainable, but only within the framework of justice and human rights. Religious democracy is an example of how democratic values can exist in a different cultural elaboration than what is usually known before. But, in a secular society, some other characteristic is deemed important and focused on, and that becomes the basis for democracy.

In fact relativistic liberalism and democracy are not identical since democracy is not violated when faith is embraced, it is violated when a particular belief is imposed or disbelief is punished.

We do not have one democracy but many democracies in history. We have a plurality of democracies in the international community. What emerged was that democracy prevailed in different eras depending on the conditions of the time.

Democracy cannot be derived from or based on intrareligious precepts and adjudications by religious jurists. The combination of religion and democracy ultimately depends on the foundations of human rights, justice, and limitations on power.

Reception
In 2008, in an online open poll, Soroush was voted the 7th-most intellectual person in the world on the list of Top 100 Public Intellectuals by Prospect magazine (UK) and Foreign Policy (United States).

Due to Sorush's prominence in the religious intellectual movement, he has been called "the Luther of Islam" by the media, a title he disputes as he argues his agenda is fundamentally divergent from that of Martin Luther's.

Criticism and attacks
Soroush's "postmodern" ideas on epistemology and hermeneutics have been criticized from a "traditional" Shi'i standpoint by the philosopher Ayatollah Abdollah Javadi-Amoli.

Soroush's ideas have met with strong opposition from conservative elements in the Islamic Republic. Both he and his audiences were assaulted by Ansar-e Hezbollah vigilantes in the mid-1990s. A law imposing penalties on anyone associating with enemies of the Islamic republic is thought by his allies to have been at least in part provoked by some of Soroush's lectures and foreign affiliations.

According to the journalist Robin Wright: "Over the next year, he lost his three senior academic appointments, including a deanship. Other public appearances, including his Thursday lectures, were banned. He was forbidden to publish new articles. He was summoned for several long 'interviews' by Iranian intelligence officials. His travel was restricted, then his passport was confiscated."

At the celebration of the sixteenth anniversary of the American embassy seizure in 1995, Wright found that Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei "devoted more time berating Soroush ... than condemning the United States or Israel."

Besides opposition from conservatives, Sourush has also been criticized by secular intellectuals who disapprove of the religious aspects of his ideas and argue that religious intellectualism is a paradoxical ideology.

Holocaust Minimization
At a talk at Stanford University, Sourush appeared to question whether six million Jews died in the Holocaust, instead saying "Supposedly, millions of Jews died." When challenged as to what he meant by "supposedly", one student contended that Sourush responded by saying "Let’s say 100,000, maybe one million."

Research interests

 * Persian literature
 * Philosophy of science
 * Iranian philosophy
 * Eastern philosophy
 * Theology
 * Islamic philosophy

Awards and honors

 * 2004 Erasmus Prize
 * 2005 Time 100 most influential people
 * 2008 Prospect magazine's 7 of 100 most influential intellectuals in the world.
 * 2009 Foreign Policy magazine's 45 of 100 world's elite intellectuals
 * 2010 Foreign Policy magazine's 40 of 100 top global thinkers

Selected works

 * Dialectical Antagonism (in Persian), Tehran 1978
 * Philosophy of History (in Persian), Tehran 1978
 * What is Science, what is Philosophy (in Persian), 11th ed. Tehran 1992
 * The Restless Nature of the Universe (in Persian and Turkish), reprint Tehran 1980
 * Satanic Ideology (in Persian), 5th ed. Tehran 1994
 * Knowledge and Value (in Persian)
 * Observing the Created: Lectures in Ethics and Human Sciences (in Persian), 3rd ed. Tehran 1994
 * The Theoretical Contraction and Expansion of Religion: The Theory of Evolution of Religious Knowledge (in Persian), 3rd ed. Tehran 1994
 * Lectures in the Philosophy of Social Sciences: Hermeneutics in Social Sciences (in Persian), Tehran 1995
 * Sagaciousness, Intellectualism and Pietism (in Persian), Tehran 1991
 * The Characteristic of the Pious: A Commentary on Imam Ali's Lecture About the Pious (in Persian), 4th ed. Tehran 1996
 * The Tale of the Lords of Sagacity (in Persian), 3rd ed. Tehran 1996
 * Wisdom and Livelihood: A Commentary on Imam Ali's Letter to Imam Hasan (in Persian), 2nd ed. Tehran 1994
 * Sturdier than Ideology (in Persian), Tehran 1994
 * The Evolution and Devolution of Religious Knowledge in: Kurzman, Ch. (ed.): Liberal Islam, Oxford 1998
 * Political Letters (2 volumes), 1999 (Persian).
 * Reason, Freedom and Democracy in Islam, Essential writings of Adbolkarim Soroush, translated, edited with a critical introduction by M. Sadri and A. Sadri, Oxford 2000.
 * Intellectualism and Religious Conviction (in Persian)
 * The World we live (in Persian and Turkish)
 * The Tale of Love and Servitude (in Persian)
 * The definitive edition of Rumi's Mathnavi (in Persian), 1996
 * Tolerance and Governance (in Persian), 1997
 * Straight Paths, An Essay on religious Pluralism (in Persian), 1998
 * Expansion of Prophetic Experience (in Persian), 1999

title: Abdolkarim Soroush


text: Category:2000 songs

title: Category:2000 songs


text: Wikipedia:VANITY

title: Wikipedia:VANITY


text:
Zhang Aiping

Zhang Aiping (January 9, 1910 – July 5, 2003) was a Chinese military leader.

Biography
Zhang joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1928 after taking part in a communist-led rural uprising. He participated in the Long March and served as a field commander in the Chinese Red Army, first fighting against Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang forces, and later the Imperial Japanese Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War. During World War II Zhang commanded a guerrilla band sent to rescue U.S. flight crews who crash landed in China following the April 1942 Tokyo bombing raid led by Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle.

After 1949, Zhang was an important builder of the Chinese military forces. He commanded the first People's Liberation Army naval force and served as an army corps commander in the Korean War. Upon his return home he served in a series of significant military and political posts. He was made a General in 1955.

Zhang supervised the Two Bombs, One Satellite project and successfully directed the development of China's nuclear deterrent. However, he was accused of counterrevolutionary crimes and dismissed from all positions during the Cultural Revolution, when many veteran communists were attacked by Red Guards inspired by Mao Zedong's vision of continuous revolution, and one of his legs was broken as a result. Later, Zhang would comment: "The only thing the Cultural Revolution succeeded in was giving me a cane."

He reappeared in 1973 and chaired the Defense Technology Commission of the People's Liberation Army. During this time he attempted to rein in poor quality from armament factories by reestablishing government oversight over facilities which had been taken over by unsupervised workers. A biography of him by his son, PLA senior colonel Zhang Sheng, recorded the first of such incidents, when Zhang went to investigate the rocket gyroscope manufacturer Factory 230 which had become infamous for poor quality, which caused abnormally high accident rates in launch tests and notably two reconnaissance satellites being lost:

"The facilities were a mess. The labs didn’t even have drinking water. Upon being asked, they said we don’t need water. The toilets have been plugged for years and sewage overflowed to the door. This was only changed after we arrived and found some spare parts. Air conditioning was missing in a lot of places and many pipes were cracked from being frozen.

Chen Baoding said: “No need to speak further about the research facilities. One workshop had 70% deficient micrometers, how can they produce? Everyone is divided into two factions and rebelling and counter-rebelling. The factions are also internally organized, and criticize everyone who don't agree with them. Specialist Yao Tongbin who returned from Germany died after a brawl broke out. Others are cleaning toilets and such.”

Qiu Jinchun who went with father said: “In one room thick cobwebs hung from the walls to the door. The dust was so thick on the ground that footprints were visible. Machine tools were sealed and rusting. According to the workers, these machines hadn’t been used since the Cultural Revolution began.”

The basement was an airtight constant temperature and humidity cleanroom workshop. We went in and were immediately greeted by a huge icicle more than a meter tall. The commander said: “What a sight! This is a precision instrument factory and there are stalactites in it!” The roof was leaking, and someone brought a straw hat for the commander. He said “What a great solution, how about let everyone wear straw hats to work in the future!”... Trash was in piles, cars entering and exiting drove all over them. The road was blocked by digging, and once they were repaired they were severed again. They said they were taking the air conditioner to a pigsty, because their pigs needed to be warm. The bathroom’s water flowed from the fifth floor to the first, and no one in charge or responsible could be found."

Zhang submitted a report on the conditions of the factory to the state council, which called a meeting on the subject. During the meeting, Zhang further described the status of the workers:

"Zhang Aiping: Factory 230, which is a key component of the strategic nuclear force development chain, is de facto paralyzed. Out of 4 workshops totaling 1000 employees, only 4% are at their stations. 96% aren’t coming to work at all. The workers called themselves the 8923 corps, later they began calling themselves the 8200 corps…

Deng Xiaoping interjected: What does that mean?

Zhang Aiping: This is what the workers say. 8923, means working from 8-9 am to 2-3 pm. Later they didn’t work at all and only came at 8 am and 2 pm, and left after signing in. A female worker said to me: “These years we are eating socialism!” They are taking paychecks from the country and taking public property at will, how can this be acceptable? Isn’t this eating socialism?

Deng Xiaoping: Eating socialism?

Shen Bingchen (member of the committee) interjected: The workers said, only two institutions are left: the cafeteria and paychecks. Everything else is gone."

Zhang was able to regain control of the factory by threatening to remove anyone participating in political factionalism. He was given the support of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.

He later served as defense minister from 1982 until 1988. He served as deputy chief of the PLA general staff, vice premier, and chaired a key commission that sought to modernize the PLA.

During the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, Zhang Aiping signed a letter opposing the enforcement of martial law by the Army in Beijing.

"Due to the exigent circumstances, we as old soldiers, make the following request: Since the People's Army belongs to the people, it cannot stand against the people, much less kill the people, and must not be permitted to fire on the people and cause bloodshed; to prevent the situation from escalating, the Army must not enter the city."

Zhang Aiping died in Beijing at the age of 93.

title: Zhang Aiping


text:
User talk:Vonaurum

Welcome!

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Tagore quote about Muhammad Iqbal
Hi there. There's a quote attributed to "Tagore" on the occasion of Muhammad Iqbal's death in the section "Quotations about Iqbal." However, the Tagore link leads to a disambiguation page (I suspect you meant Rabindranath, but I can't be sure). Could you disambiguate that link, and provide a source for the quote as well? Thanks. --Skoosh 00:42, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Yes you are right, it is Rabindranath Tagore. If I remember correctly, Ikram Chaghtai mentions the quote in his book Iqbal and Tagore. --Vonaurum 01:29, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

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Adab from an Indian wikipedian. --Bhadani 09:32, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

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User talk:Sirtopmhat

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Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 03:03, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Sirtopmhat


text: Category:1995 songs

title: Category:1995 songs


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Curtiss-Wright AT-9 Jeep

The Curtiss-Wright AT-9 Jeep was an American twin-engined advanced trainer aircraft used by the United States during World War II to bridge the gap between single-engined trainers and twin-engined combat aircraft. The AT-9 had a low-wing cantilever monoplane configuration, retractable landing gear and was powered by two Lycoming R-680-9 radial engines.

Development
Curtiss-Wright anticipated the requirement for this type of "high-performance" aircraft and designed the Curtiss-Wright CW-25, a twin-engined trainer, which possessed the takeoff and landing characteristics of a light bomber. Using the same basic design as the larger Cessna AT-17 Bobcat, the new CW-25 was designed to simulate the demands of multi-engined operations. The design featured a small layout, grouping two Lycoming R-680-9 radial engines forward and using a retractable tailwheel landing gear to achieve the performance necessary to meet the requirements of an advanced trainer. The single CW-25 prototype acquired for evaluation had a welded steel-tube fuselage structure with the wings, fuselage and tail unit fabric-covered.

Operational history
The first prototype Model 25 flew in 1941 and the production version entered service as the AT-9 in 1942. Named the "Fledgling" by Curtiss-Wright, it commonly became known as the "Jeep" in the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). The prototype CW-25 had a fabric-covered steel tube fuselage and fabric-covered wings and tail units, but production AT-9s were of stressed metal skin construction.

The AT-9 was purposely designed to be less stable and proved to be difficult to fly or land, which made it particularly suitable for teaching new pilots to cope with the demanding flight characteristics of a new generation of high-performance, multi-engined aircraft such as the Martin B-26 Marauder and Lockheed P-38 Lightning.

A total of 491 AT-9s were built before production ended and a new production run of 300 of the generally similar AT-9A commenced.

Because of its difficult flying characteristics the AT-9 was not offered for sale to civilians after the war, although many non-flying examples were given to ground schools for training purposes.

Variants

 * CW-25
 * Prototype with fabric covered fuselage and tail surfaces

 * AT-9
 * Production aircraft with stressed-skin covering and two Lycoming R-680-9 radial engines, 491 built.

 * AT-9A
 * AT-9 with Lycoming R-680-11 radial engines and revised hydraulic system, 300 built before production ended in February 1943.

Operators

 * United States Army Air Forces
 * United States Air Force
 * United States Air Force

Surviving aircraft

 * 41-12150 – AT-9 on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. It required extensive restoration, and was the product of the museum staff incorporating two incomplete airframes together, along with parts fabricated on site.
 * 42-56882 – AT-9 in storage at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona. It was recovered from a crash site in 1993 and turned over to the museum for restoration.  However, the aircraft is incomplete and will require a long and extensive restoration for display.

title: Curtiss-Wright AT-9 Jeep


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User talk:Sduffy~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 03:05, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sduffy. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sduffy~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:54, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Sduffy~enwiki


text:
Double Vision (Foreigner album)

Double Vision is the second studio album by the British-American rock band Foreigner, released on 20 June 1978 by Atlantic Records. Recorded between March - May 1978, it was Foreigner's only album co-produced by Keith Olsen and the last recording with bass guitarist Ed Gagliardi who would be later replaced by Rick Wills.

Double Vision was the first in the line of many other recordings in which A&R executive John Kalodner would simply have his name listed twice in liner notes, as a play on the title of this album. The phrase "John Kalodner: John Kalodner" originated when the producer Olsen was wondering just how to credit Kalodner's involvement in the band and the album. In keeping with the double vision theme, guitarist Mick Jones came up with an idea of doubling the name.

"Tramontane" is the only instrumental track Foreigner have released to date on a studio album.

Mick Jones takes the lead vocals on "Back Where You Belong" and "I Have Waited So Long".

Release
The album peaked at number 3 on the Billboard 200 chart and earning platinum certification a week after its release. It has now been certified 7× platinum for sales in excess of 7 million units and along with the compilation Records (1982) is counted as Foreigner's best selling album. In Europe, however, Double Vision reached the Top 40 only in the United Kingdom.

The lead single, released in June 1978, was "Hot Blooded," which reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In September, it was followed by "Double Vision," which charted at number 2. This was the highest position Foreigner had attained to that time. The third and final single, "Blue Morning, Blue Day," was released in December and climbed to number 15 on the chart.

Reception
Los Angeles Times critic Robert Hilburn described Double Vision as "slickly produced, commercially powerful, but artistically vapid." The Record critic Rick Atkinson said of the album that it used the same formula as Foreigner's debut album such that "Foreigner's Clone" would have been an appropriate title.

According to Atkinson, "Tramontane" was the only "new and different track" on the album. Atkinson describes "Tramontane" as having a "heavy keyboard line" but that all members of the group "get a quick shot at the spotlight." On the other hand, The Morning News critic Gary Mullinax described "Tramontane" as "a densely textured instrumental that is pleasant enough but doesn't really go anywhere." Unlike most Foreigner songs, Tramontane was written primarily by Al Greenwood. Ian McDonald played a lyricon on the track.

Murfreesboro Press critic Van West also recognized Double Vision as having similarities to Foreigner, but said that there are important differences; in particular, Double Vision has "more individualistic interpretations" and a "heavy metal tonal structure" instead of some of the "careful harmonies" of the debut album.

New York Daily News critic Ace Adams called Double Vision "a fine collection of songs" that is "hard rock at its best."

Record World said that, besides the hit singles, "'Back Where You Belong' and 'Spellbinder' shows [Foreigner's] expertise and maturity as a band." PopMatters critic Evan Sawdey commented on the non-single album tracks, saying that "the gloomy 'Tramontane' and the rewrite of 'The Damage is Done' that was 'Spellbinder' did little to expand the band’s sound so much as it was a pushing of its existing abilities into more commercial shapes" but praised "the shimmering acoustic wonder that was 'Back Where You Belong.'"

Jones has rated two songs from the album ("Blue Morning, Blue Day" and "Spellbinder") as among his 11 favorite Foreigner songs.

Foreigner

 * Lou Gramm – lead vocals, percussion
 * Mick Jones – lead guitar, backing vocals, acoustic piano, lead vocals (4, 8)
 * Ian McDonald – guitars, keyboards, reeds, vocals
 * Al Greenwood – keyboards
 * Ed Gagliardi – bass, vocals
 * Dennis Elliott – drums

Additional musicians

 * Ian Lloyd – backing vocals
 * David Paich – string arrangements

Production

 * Producers – Mick Jones, Ian McDonald and Keith Olsen.
 * Engineers – David De Vore and Keith Olsen
 * Mixing – Jimmy Douglass, Mick Jones and Ian McDonald.
 * Mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound (New York, NY).
 * Technicians – Troby Laidlaw, Randy Mason, Mac McCollum and Michael McConnell.
 * Design and Photography – Norman Seeff

 * Remastering credits
 * John Kalodner – John Kalodner
 * 1995 digital remastering by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound.
 * Dan Hersch – 2002 digital remastering
 * Shawn R. Britton – 2011 MFSL mastering (at Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab, Sebastopol, California)

title: Double Vision (Foreigner album)


text:
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title: Talk:Double Vision (Foreigner album)


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Testing 123

title: User:Jag123/Test1


text:
User talk:Beheriter

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 03:08, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Speedy deletion nomination of Daniel Arnaldo Roman

A tag has been placed on Daniel Arnaldo Roman requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion," which appears inside of the speedy deletion tag (if no such tag exists, the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate). Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you.  Cind. amuse  06:10, 10 May 2011 (UTC)

File:3519770299 2fe54cdc1c z.jpg listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:3519770299 2fe54cdc1c z.jpg, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. -- Тимофей ЛееСуда . 21:55, 16 January 2012 (UTC)

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Proposed deletion of File:Miriamjosi.jpeg

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text:
User talk:Iyrix

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 03:09, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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VfD
Please note that your recent vote on VfD will likely not be counted as it is your first (and only) contribution. This is just a heads-up. Reene✎ 03:16, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iyrix