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Copacabana (nightclub)

The Copacabana is a New York City nightclub that has existed in several locations. In earlier locations, many entertainers, such as Danny Thomas, Pat Cooper, and the comedy team of Martin and Lewis, made their New York debuts at the Copacabana. The Barry Manilow song "Copacabana" (1978) is named after, and set in, the club. The nightclub was used as a setting in the films Goodfellas, Raging Bull, Tootsie, The Purple Rose of Cairo, Carlito's Way, The French Connection, Martin and Lewis, Green Book, Beyond the Sea, The Irishman, and One Night in Miami. It was also used in several plays, including Barry Manilow's Copacabana. Also, the musical film Copacabana (1947), starring Groucho Marx and Carmen Miranda, takes place in the Copacabana, as does the made-for-television film based on the Manilow hit song, in which Manilow himself starred.

The 1940s to the 1960s

The Copacabana (named after Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro) opened on November 10, 1940, at 10 East 60th Street in New York City. Although the name of Monte Proser was on the lease, he had a powerful partner: mob boss Frank Costello. Proser (1904–1973), a native Englishman, was a well-connected nightclub owner and press agent whose various clients included Walt Disney, Maria Montez, Mary Pickford, and the Ziegfeld Follies. Costello put Jules Podell on the scene to look after his interests; Podell had a police record and would not have been an acceptable front man for the business, and indeed, the club faced tax problems and a racketeering investigation in 1944. However, by 1948, such pressure had lessened; Proser was out, and Podell was the official owner.

The Copacabana had Brazilian decor and Latin-themed orchestras, while the menu featured Chinese food. The club was also known for its chorus line, "The Copacabana Girls". As early as 1945 it also featured performances of "sweet" big-band music by Shep Fields and his Rippling Rhythm Orchestra which were broadcast live on the WOR Radio Network.

Podell originally had a strict "no blacks" policy. In 1944, Harry Belafonte, then a member of the U.S. Navy, was denied entry with a date. Eventually, Podell was persuaded to change his policy and Belafonte returned in the 1950s as a headliner at the club. Sammy Davis Jr. shattered attendance records with his run in May 1964 and Sam Cooke performed there on July 8, 1964, resulting in the LP Sam Cooke at the Copa. In July 1965, the Supremes made their debut there, resulting in Motown Records booking the Temptations, Martha and the Vandellas, and Marvin Gaye to perform at the Copa over the next few years. The Supremes also recorded The Supremes at the Copa, a live album, there in 1965 that just missed the Top 10, peaking at #11. Marvin Gaye also recorded a live album, as did The Temptations. The Supremes, who proved to be the most successful of all the Motown acts, released The Supremes: Live at the Copa Expanded Edition in 2012, featuring the much-sought-after original repertoire.

Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis were frequent performers at the club and performed their last show there on July 25, 1956, which can be seen in the TV movie Martin and Lewis (2002).

This nightclub achieved a degree of notoriety due to a May 16, 1957, incident involving members of the New York Yankees. On that evening, teammates Mickey Mantle, Whitey Ford, Hank Bauer, Yogi Berra, Johnny Kucks, and Billy Martin, along with the wives of all but Martin, arrived at the nightclub to celebrate Martin's birthday. Sammy Davis Jr. happened to be the headliner. During the performance, a group of apparently intoxicated bowlers started to interfere with Davis' act, even hurling racial slurs at him. This behavior incensed the Yankees, especially Martin, since his roommate was Elston Howard, the first black player to join the Yankees. Tensions erupted between the two groups, and the resulting fracas made newspaper headlines. Several of the Yankees were fined. One of the bowlers, a Bronx deli owner, ended up with a concussion and a broken jaw, and sued Bauer for aggravated assault; the case was thrown out for insufficient evidence. Martin was later traded from the Yankees to the Kansas City Athletics, with this incident cited as a main cause.

The 1960s and the 1970s
Until 1972, mafioso Joe Gallo operated the venue. It was closed for three years in 1973 after Jules Podell died; after it reopened in 1976, at the height of the disco era, it operated as a discothèque. Barry Manilow's hit 1978 song "Copacabana (At The Copa)" referred to the club; the song later became the basis for the made-for-television film in which Manilow himself starred; as of February 2021, it was not known how much of the film's shooting used it as an actual location.

After the 1970s
In 1992, then-owner Peter Dorn moved the club from its original location to 617 West 57th Street. Dorn charged landlord Nicola Biase with "not liking Hispanics", the stated reason for the move.

In 2001, the club was forced to move for a third time to 560 West 34th Street and Eleventh Avenue on the west side of Manhattan, when its landlord terminated its lease early to build office towers on the site. Since then it has presented mostly hip-hop and salsa acts.

On January 20, 2007, the club announced that it would have to move by July 1 because its current location was condemned due to the construction of the extension of the 7 line of the New York City Subway, as well as the construction of the now-cancelled World Product Center. June 30 of the same year was the last night the club was open, with El Gran Combo performing there. From late 2007 until the club reopened in 2011, the club was sharing space with the Columbus 72 nightclub, which shares the same owners.

In April 2010, the club owners were approved for a liquor license to operate the club in a new location at 760-766 8th Avenue, on the second and third floors. In November 2010, the club owners were granted permission to allow dancing by restaurant patrons as well as the general public, not limited to private parties and catered events. On July 12, 2011, the club re-opened to the public in Times Square at 268 West 47th Street. The first performer at the new location was world-renowned salsa musician Willie Colón.

On May 26, 2020, the club announced that it had closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and that it planned to reopen in 2021 at another location. It eventually reopened in February 2022 at 625 West 51st Street under the direction of Ruben Carbera.

Outside New York City
A second Copacabana—the first outside New York—was readied for a grand opening in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on September 13, 2012, in the historic Las Olas District at 219 S. Andrews Avenue. On January 24, 2013, the location closed.

title: Copacabana (nightclub)


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Copacabana, Bolivia

Copacabana is the main Bolivian town on the shore of Lake Titicaca. The town has a large 16th-century shrine, the Basilica of Our Lady of Copacabana, dedicated to Our Lady of Copacabana, the patron saint of Bolivia. The town is a tourism destination in Bolivia. It is also known for its trout and quaint atmosphere. Built between Mount Calvario and Mount Niño Calvario, the town has approximately 6,000 inhabitants. Copacabana's religious celebrations, cultural heritage and traditional festivals are well known throughout Bolivia. Boats leave for Isla del Sol, the sacred Inca island, from Copacabana. Copacabana is served by Copacabana Airport.

History
During the wars of independence, the Basilica of Our Lady of Copacabana was despoiled of most of its rich ornaments and gifts, and ruthless plundering by faithless custodians in the course of political disturbances has further contributed to impoverish it. The edifices, originally very handsome, are in a state of sad neglect. It is a shrine for pilgrims from Bolivia and southern Peru, and on 6 August, the feast of its patron saint, it is attended by thousands.

Before 1534, Copacabana was an outpost of Inca occupation among dozens of other sites in Bolivia. The Incas held it as the key to the very ancient shrine and oracle on the Island of Titicaca, which they had adopted as a place of worship, adopting the veneration with which it was held by the Aymaras from time immemorial. At Copacabana, there were minor shrines in which the ceremonies of the Incas were observed along with those of the original inhabitants. When the Spaniards first visited the Islands of Titicaca and Loati, in 1534 and 1538, the Andean Cosmovision were abandoned and the Dominicans made Copacabana the centre of their missions. Non-monastic priests then replaced them at the instigation of the Viceroy Francisco de Toledo, and finally the mission and its annexes were entrusted to the Augustinians in 1589.

In 1582, the grandson of Inca ruler Manco Kapac, struck by the sight of the statues of the Blessed Virgin which he saw in some of the churches at La Paz, tried to make one himself, and after many failures, succeeded in producing one of excellent quality, and it was placed at Copacabana as the statue of the tutelar protectress of the community. Many miracles have been attributed to it, and its fame has spread far beyond the limits of its surroundings to all five continents. It is kept in a special chapel, where local Aymaras, Bolivians and those from all over the world are untiring in their devotions.

During the Great Indigenous Uprising of 1781, while the church itself was desecrated, the "Camarin", as the chapel is called, remained untouched and exempt from spoiling. Copacabana is the scene of often boisterous indigenous celebrations. On 2 February and 6 August, Church festivals are celebrated with indigenous dances that the clergy have not been able to suppress entirely. Copacabana is surrounded by pre-Columbian ruins of considerable interest.

Climate
Copacabana has a cold subtropical highland climate (Cwc), a rare variant of this type of climate, but commonplace near most of Lake Titicaca. Similar to many areas with this climate, Copacabana features a markedly drier "low-sun" season. Because of the high altitude of Copacabana, the town is chilly throughout the course of the year. However, due to the fact that Copacabana is located in the tropics, there are only slight variations in temperatures. While daytime temperatures hover around 15 C throughout the year, nighttime temperatures during the "low-sun" season are somewhat cooler than at other times of the year. It is not uncommon for temperatures to drop below freezing during the "low-sun" season.

Places of interest

 * Chinkana
 * Iñaq Uyu
 * Pachat'aqa

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Copacabana, Bolivia


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OGame

OGame is a browser-based, money-management and space-war themed massively multiplayer online browser game. OGame was created in 2002 and is produced and maintained by Gameforge. OGame is available in multiple languages, and different nationalities have their own communities. The game does not differ between the nationality communities except in rare cases. Players are generally informed of news, rule changes, or new versions through the official forums.

As of January 19, 2011, OGame.org has a total of 52 universes, including ten universes using the new redesign. More are being added periodically. The Ogame prOgame universe (Universe 35) has been discontinued as an exclusive for paying members, so anyone may now sign up for it.

Gameplay
All OGame universes consist of three classifications: galaxies, systems, and planet slots (which break down to planets, moons, and debris fields). All universes have up to 9 galaxies, each with 499 (1-499) systems, which have 15 planet slots.

Each player starts with one planet at randomly assigned coordinates in slots 4,6,8,10,12, in a random system and galaxy. The first planet always consists of 163 fields, which determine how many building upgrades can be built on the planet, regardless of the slot in the player's system. Originally, the player's empire could consist of up to 9 planets in any unoccupied planet slot. However, with the redesign, that cap was lifted, albeit with the requirement that each planet required two additional levels of research, with a progressive cost. All construction, research, and missions are performed and launched from a planet or moon. Development is done through using five resources: metal, crystal, deuterium, energy, and dark matter. There are different ways to obtain these resources, including mining, trading, and raiding (see Combat below). Players are ranked according to their points, with one point awarded for every thousand resource units invested in construction, research, ships, or defense. No points are given for unspent resources.

Combat
Unlike many other real-time strategy games, OGame does not give the player constant control of their spacecraft. Instead, the player sends the ship(s) to a location (using the game's coordinate system) and what happens when the fleet arrives is beyond the player's control; in OGame, combat is resolved when fleets and/or defenses meet. The combat takes place instantly and consists of 1 to 6 rounds. Fleet attacks are usually aimed to obtain other players' planetary resources, which is called raiding, although players may also initiate fleet attacks to destroy an opponent's fleet and collect resources from the debris field created from the battle. Defenses are built to defend a planet against an attacking enemy fleet. If destroyed, 70 percent of defensive structures will be recovered after the battle. Destroyed ships are not recovered.

Alliances
An alliance is a group of players who have banded together and is mostly used for solidarity purposes. Alliances are created for players to protect each other from attacks, join together to raid other planets, or to promote free trade among members. Members of an alliance can use the Alliance Combat System, available in some universes, to synchronize fleet movements and missions with members of the same alliance and temporarily deploy a fleet on an ally's planet. Alliances can utilize certain forums on the boards to instigate wars or truces between each other, as well as create their own alliance page in the game itself.

Merchants
Players can hire a merchant using dark matter to trade one resource type for another. The amount of resources traded is limited to the amount of free space in one's storage buildings and the amount of dark matter the player has.

Officers
OGame offers four different Officers and a Commander, each costs a set amount of Dark Matter, obtained with in-game exploration or by paying money, to 'hire' for either 1 week or 3 months. The names of the four different officers are the Engineer, the Geologist, the Technocrat and the Fleet Admiral. Each one improves certain elements of chance or resource production.

The Commander officer gives the user extra benefits such as an ad-free interface, a building queue, an improved galaxy view with added information, a message filter, extra shortcuts to enhance play and an 'Empire' view. Empire view gives the player an interface which shows information about all planets, including mine and power plant levels and ships currently docked. Upgrades to buildings can be performed via the Empire view.

Resources
There are three main resources: Metal, Crystal and Deuterium.

The three main resources (Metal, Crystal, Deuterium) can be created via mines or money. There are separate mines for each resource which can be upgraded to produce the resources faster. These resources are used for making buildings, ships, defenses and for researching technology. To run the mines, energy is needed. Energy is produced by creating the following: solar plant, solar satellites (available via shipyard), and fusion reactor (converts a specified amount of deuterium into energy). These buildings can also be upgraded to produce more energy.

Dark Matter, however, cannot be created. Fleets can be sent out on expeditions to search for it. It can also be bought with real money. Dark Matter is used to "call a trader" who trades the main three resources, to buy an officer, or move an existing planet.

Deuterium is the most particularly valuable resource because it seconds as fuel for ships. The bigger the fleet of ships, the more fuel is required to travel certain distances. Players with large fleets will find themselves selling their Metal and Crystal to buy Deuterium, as Deuterium mines are very expensive to upgrade along with maintaining a large fleet.

Expeditions
Expeditions are fleets that go outside the system but not to another. Astrophysics is needed for expeditions. Expeditions can find resources and the valuable Dark Matter.

Moons
Moons are created when a debris field is large enough to form together. The largest debris fields will yield a maximum 20 percent chance of creating a Moon, and they will also create the Moons with the most available space. Players in an alliance will often give each other "moonshots" by attacking a certain number of ships purposefully left behind.

Once a planet has a Moon orbiting it, many more options are opened up for movement and tracking other ships. A Jump Gate can be built which allows players to send ships instantly from Jump Gate to Jump Gate. After a Jump Gate is used, there is an hour-long cooling period before it can be used again. A Sensor Phalanx also can be built, which tracks enemy ship movements in its range.

Building and upgrading on Moons uses fields just like planets, but Moons have far fewer fields to work with.

title: OGame


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Wikipedia talk:UK Wikipedians' notice board/Archive 2

UK WikiMeet 2005
OK I want to get the ball rolling thinking about having a UK wikimeet sometime in 2005, before the international one, wherever it's going to be. What are people's feelings on this, and what ideas do people have as to venue, timing, agenda etc? -- Graham ☺ | Talk 04:08, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Well, if in London, or indeed elsewhere, it would be more satisfactory to think about a meal in the early evening, rather than 9.30 pm, for those who need to get a train home. Charles Matthews 15:49, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I think it ought to be significantly earlier than Wikimania so people don't feel they are choosing between the two. Perhaps February? My preferred venues would be Essex or north or east London. Further afield would be fine if it's earlier in the day. Angela. 07:06, Oct 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * That's what I was thinking. I'll start a sub page about it. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 22:14, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I've started the discussion off at this page if you want to go and have a look. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 19:04, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * On this topic, I'd just like to remind all UK Wikipedians that the Wikimania organising committee will sit on Sunday 31st October to decide a venue, so do express support for Dublin in the interim. You know you want to... --Kwekubo 02:08, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Please note: I have re-organised the London meetup page, and such discussion would be easiest moved there, I think.

James F. (talk) 20:28, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

An easy one for all UK Wikipedians
I noticed Children in Need was much-linked-to but not written, so I had a bit of mad rush stab at writing something about it. But everyone has seen Children in Need... so it should be dead easy to write, right? Pcb21| Pete 15:24, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps suggest for COTW? --Joe D 15:35, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll support it if it goes there. I'll even nominate it if you haven't done already. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 15:46, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

To create
Why the River Dwyryd in particular? There is scope for an entire Rivers of the United Kingdom project, or even four projects, to fill in all those on the to-do list. --Keith Edkins 08:50, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I just selected one of the many at rendom. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 16:05, 17 Oct 2004 (UTC)

There are a great many articles related to the Waterways in the United Kingdom. User:Renata wrote most of them, but she stopped contributing some time ago. Mintguy (T) 21:40, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Talking of rivers, I expanded a stub on my local River Leam. But, being a newbie, I am not sure how to categorise it nor where it should fit in the great scheme of things. Also, perhaps a more experienced Wikipedian could advise me whether I've filled in enough detail to remove the stub tag? I intend to add to the River Cherwell stub and start articles on a couple of other local rivers which are redlinks ATM so any advice would be useful to me. Ta. Andy F 02:23, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

"Why the River Dwyryd in particular? There is scope for an entire Rivers of the United Kingdom project" There is such a page, and it lists most of the UK's rivers. The Waterways in the United Kingdom article is more of a link page which points to articles on rivers, canals, lakes etc. of the UK. Grunners 19:22, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Erosion of International English Usage
It would, I think, be advantageous to list pages on which attempts are being made to erode the usage of correct English, so that others can get involved and put an end to such behaviour. Here is my first example: aluminum. It is proposed on Talk:Aluminium to use "aluminum" on the grounds of the "Google Test." -- Emsworth 13:35, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Ho hum. Once we graduate to joined-up handwriting, there'll be so many squiggles in aluminium that you wouldn't even notice the odd "i" missing. ;-) But seriously, considering the number of people who contribute here without even having English as first language  at all, the compromises we have to make between British and American English do seem pretty minor.  I'm all for correcting text which departs from what is pretty much universally agreed to be correct English, but I think you're talking about "correct English" in a more debatable context here.   ,,, Trainspotter ,,,  23:15, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Aluminium and Aluminum are both well within the range of English usage. IUPAC has standardized on Aluminium, and people in some countries still use Aluminum.  As it's a very common material and has entered the public domain in both guises, it really isn't worth bothering about--just make sure you stick to a consistent spelling (one or the other) in articles except where discussing the two spellings. --Minority Report 12:26, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * , Yoghurt is under attack again for not using the American spelling. -- Derek Ross | Talk 04:08, 2004 Nov 21 (UTC)

New set of icons
For use on lists of places of intrest in England, e.g. county pages:

Any comments or suggestions for improvements? --Joe D (t) 12:43, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I like these. It would be better if the images were titled, i.e. [[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] => [[Image:NTE icon.png|National Trust]] gives you something meaningful if you're not using images, and tells you what the image is when you hover over it. fabiform | talk 18:58, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, I'll do that in any future edits. I'm considering adding icons for national trails, castles, churches etc, but then we might have to start a customised key for each use (to avoid having a long list of icons which aren't actually used in the text).  By the way, you can already see examples of this in action on Dorset, Bristol and Cornwall.  Joe D (t) 19:11, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * A useful one for my county (Isle of Wight) would be 'pleasure park' - i.e. not as good as an amusment park (such as Chessington or Alton Towers), but in a similar vein. --NeilTarrant 23:02, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, wouldn't it? Why don't we use the standard brown tourist signs and definitions? That could be really helpful. Black on white is fine, but the icon style and definitions could be the same. I like the red museum one though - thats a useful distinction. Naturenet 14:45, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Nice idea but why restrict it to England ? All of these icons would be useful for Scotland apart from English Heritage. -- Derek Ross | Talk 08:28, 2004 Oct 28 (UTC)
 * I'm not restricting it to England, only the template as it includes English Heritage and the National Trust for England logo, which I think is different to NT for Scotland(?). I think the template may become a bit useless if we start adding more icons, so we have to just make our own key each time we use them anyway. --Joe D (t) 12:20, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I'd be very careful about the Access Land one - these are not always easy to identify and can be highly controversial. There are legal ramifications to this, and unless we specify boundaries calling something 'open access' might be problematic. Might be better to keep this particular one on the sidelines until we see how it settles down. Naturenet 08:53, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * How about adding a footnote to the key, linking to another page perhaps, with a simple disclaimer along the lines of "Land marked [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Open access land]] is assumed to be accesible either legally or permited by the landowner, but this is not evidence that there is a legal right to access this land. Please consult local bylaws or the landowner for further information." ?  Joe D (t) 12:20, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Not a bad compromise, but it's still dangerous language. I don't think we need go there at all. Perhaps we could say 'Public open space' or some other less loaded term. Naturenet 14:45, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I've gone with "accessible open space" because I think that's a more accurate description. Joe D (t) 15:41, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thats much better! I've no qualms with that. Naturenet 16:26, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * When applying it to Kennet and Avon Canal on Somerset I thought maybe "Accessible land" may be better, but all possible wordings I've come up with so far have been a bit over simplified. Any objections to using "Accessible land" until we can come up with something better?  Joe D (t) 20:18, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Seems OK to me, maybe even a little better. Shorter, anyway! Naturenet 10:44, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Query - A matter of Style
If a tourist site offers a Country Park and Historic House run by the National Trust, should one list it under the most 'notable' category, or all three? --NeilTarrant 18:05, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Surely either all three: [[Image:HH icon.png]] [[Image:NTE icon.png]] [[Image:CP icon.png]], or, if HH icon excludes NT-run houses, two: [[Image:NTE icon.png]] [[Image:CP icon.png]], no? -- ALoan (Talk) 18:52, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * A similar dilemma would often present itself with AL/NT icons. Common (although not universal) practice on roadsigns is to have only one sign per attraction, and so it is a matter of judgement which is the most useful. In this case I'd suggest that the NT/EH signs are the most useful if you know that they are involved, especially if there's a fee to pay, as members of those bodies might want to go there. Otherwise the element of the attraction which is most well-known would be the best one to use; or all of them if you feel keen. But use of multiple icons could start to look overfussy and add little information, in my view. Naturenet 19:28, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

A Vision of Britain
You have to laugh don't you. This morning on BBC Breakfast a chap from this new website that was launched at noon today was asked if they were worried about the site having the same problems that the 1901 census site had. "No they'd learnt from that experience" he said. So take a look at http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk. Mintguy (T)

 * Ah... Well it looks good anyway.  So what's the website about then? -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 22:11, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * You are supposed to be able to look at maps and get lots of other information for almost everywhere in Britain for the last 200 years apparently. Mintguy (T)

 * Sounds useful, depending on the copyright status, which of course I can't check because they've turned off everything... -- DrBob 22:27, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps I shoudn't say this on a public forum (but I will anyway!) but I just discovered that you can get past the front page by going to http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/index.jsp Mintguy (T) 22:30, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for this link Mintguy... great site. I posted it to a historical authors' email group I belong to and I got a lot of responses. You've made lots of authors very happy. :) fabiform | talk 01:43, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

English Counties
I've been looking through the pages for the different English counties. While the wikiprojects have done well with the infobox, many of the articles, IMO are seriously lacking. I have done up Dorset with the sections and subpages that I think these articles need and have co-opted the old page Counties of England for further discussion of this. --Joe D (t) 17:32, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * If you can take a look at Buckinghamshire and let me know what you think of it - whether it's lacking or good, I'll have a guideline of what you mean. I wrote most of that page and (personally) consider it to be quite good. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 21:43, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Poll on Manual of Style
Current Wikipedia policy is that every time the abbreviation for the United States is used, it should always be written U.S. rather than US. This is regardless of whether the article puts stops in other abbreviations or not. There is a proposal to remove this policy. If you wish to vote on it, please go to Manual of Style. The poll ends at 8pm GMT on 8 November. jguk 23:27, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Music articles
Recently List of Number 1 singles from the 2000s (UK) (and related) articles were split from the main number ones list. That's an improvement, but I've now created the 2004 in music (UK) and 2003 in music (UK) (not quite finished) articles. Comments (or help for the other years!) would be great. Basically, is it worth the time and effort? violet/riga (t) 22:15, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Another London meetup?
There will be a Meetup on the evening of Friday 3 December. Please see Meetup/London for details.

List of United Kingdom-related topics
Sigh. User:Wikiuser has determined that England, Scotland and Wales should not eb listed as subjects under the heading "Nations and states of the British Isles" in the article List of United Kingdom-related topics. I've RVd his edits twice, whichs seems to be my limit for the night. Over to anyone else who happens to care. You will be called a racist by WikiUser, hence the sigh. --Tagishsimon (talk)

A new take on the let's use US English debate
As far as I can tell on Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style, some are now suggesting that since three-quarters of English speakers are American, we should use American terms more often. Oh well......we fight on. jguk 21:58, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Where on earth did the figure that three quarters of the world's English speakers are American come from? -- Graham ☺ | Talk 11:22, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * It's absolute nonsense. See my comments on that talk page. Even if the majority of people with English as a first language use US English (which is not a foregone conclusion) - taking those using it as a second language, the majority of English users do not use US English. zoney ♣ talk 11:57, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmm. It was added to American English, and I rewrote it slightly to beg-the-question somewhat less. If we assume that 90(?) per cent of Americans (USians) speak English as their first language, then there are ~ 260 million native speakers of English who use the American brogue. There are 10 million Canadians, but some of these (1 million?) speak French as their native tongue; 8 million Australians; 4 million each Irish and New Zealandic; and, of course, 60 million British. Given these figures, there would be ~ 85 million native speakers of English who don't speak it in AE, which is almost exactly on third the size of those who do.
 * James F. (talk) 12:54, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Err, you're a bit out of date with your population figures -- from our own articles, population of Canada is over 32 million, Australia over 20 million, and don't forget all the first and second language speakers in the Caribbean, Africa, India, Malaysia... -- Arwel 13:34, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I would like to suggest that we change all articles to Australian English. Here are some global changes to institute: If you can think of others along these lines, please feel free to add them. ;-) func (talk) 14:39, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Change all instances of the word "woman" to "sheila"
 * 2) Change all instances of the word "man" to either "larrikin" or "pommy"
 * 3) Change all personal names to "Bruce"

Milton Keynes
Hey there,

Just randomly came across this article today. It was a bit of a mess, so I reorganised it with new sections and headings (Old, New).

It seems like quite an odd/interesting subject, judging by the references to it in popular culture (currently almost a quarter of the actual content in our Wikipedia article!). Perhaps some UK wikipedians can expand it with some more interesting details? At the moment it just sounds like a bunch of roads with some big mad shopping centre and sports facilities.

zoney ♣ talk 23:33, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Milton Keynes sounds that way because, to be honest, that's about all it is! ;-)
 * Andy F 00:38, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Seconded - I live near Milton Keynes (and am going there this evening in fact for a dinner date with some friends). It has to be one of the most soulless, barren places I have been to in my opinion, so I'm probably not the best person to be writing an article about it. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 18:36, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

More village redlinks
I have just put up an article about the River Cherwell which mentions several villages that don't yet have pages. As a newbie, I don't know whether these will automatically appear in the UK 'to do' list or whether I should add them manually? Or should I write stubs for them? Advice (either here or on my Talk page) would be appreciated. Thanks. Andy F 13:31, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * No, you need to add those manually. A better way to do it though (so that the page doesn't get any more cluttered than it already is) is to list them in the List of places in... county article (if it isn't already created then create it) and then direct users to that page from the complete to do list. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 18:40, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Ta Graham, I will try to find time to do it that way. Andy F 16:04, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Arbitration Committee Elections
Please let everyone know about the "election" currently running to elect The Arbitration Committee. These people decide what happens to a large extent on The Wikipedia so please go to [this page] and learn a bit more about the candidates. Also more information [here]. Is everybody going to vote?WikiUser 21:48, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Why the emphasis on "election"? -- Graham ☺ | Talk 21:51, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Everyone who uses this U.K. part of The Wikipedia please spread the word and read the info linked to above. Voting closes on the 18th December, so please check out the candidates' history before voting, to avoid letting bad arbcoms into the 7 posts that are up for election. WikiUser 19:36, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

List of Europe-related topics
I've created a List of Europe-related topics (shortcut|Europe topics), as there ws no such article for Europe-wide articles. If anyone comes across such an article whilst editing, please add it to the List, and add the shortcut to the top of the article. Cheers. Grunners 20:16, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Christmas
I've just noticed that there's no article on Christmas dinner - ho ho ho IVoteTurkey 11:09, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Check the following for quality also: Turkey, Ham (no mention of Christmas), Stuffing, Plum pudding, mince pies, mulled wine (v. short). zoney ♣ talk 11:45, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The article on turkey (food) says that cranberry jelly is a traditional accompaniment in Britain - I thought that that was a relatively recent American import - but given the turkey itself is an American import I'm not sure whether the two arrived together. IVoteTurkey
 * Indeed. I grew up with turkey as a Xmas dinner, but only even became aware of cranberry sauce when American culture impinged in the early 80s. I'm far from convinced cranberry is a traditional UK thing (and turkey is only post-war - before that, Dickens notwithstanding, the 'traditional' tended to be goose). Icundell 13:20, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Cranberries grow wild on the boggy moors of Britain. The British cranberry is tiny compared to the North American species but it is the original cranberry and, yes, it has been made into jellies, jams, pie fillings and sauces since "Time Immemorial". Hardly anybody picks wild cranberries nowadays because it is so easy to get cultivated ones from the supermarket but cranberry sauce is indeed a traditional accompaniment to fowl. -- Derek Ross | Talk 20:27, 2005 Jan 26 (UTC)

 * The traditional accompaniament is bread sauce. On the history of English food, see the incomparable Dorothy Hartley's Food in England Apwoolrich 14:04, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That's it! I knew it was something white and 'orrible that I hated (and also, of course Christmas is coming; the goose is getting fat etc). Methinks Turkey (food) might need some revision. Maybe it was written by Bernard Matthews Icundell 14:21, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * So what's with Dickens then. Was A Christmas Carol written for an American audience? IVoteTurkey

 * Actually according to http://www.williamrubel.com/magicoffire/turkey.dickens.html- Mrs Beeton wrote the following in 1868 - "A Christmas dinner, with the middle-class of this empire, would scarcely be a Christmas dinner without its turkey" IVoteTurkey 14:42, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * No. It was just a luxury in Britain until Bernard et al started intensively farming them after the War Icundell 14:46, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yep. In 1868 the middle class was tiny. Toffs had swan (or whatever was in vogue) the middle class has turkey, the (huge) working class had whatever it could afford. Icundell 14:55, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well - in Dicken's Christmas Carol even the Cratchets (sp) have a goose (i.e. before Scrooge's gift even) - and although I omitted it above, and it's perhaps not so common now - I think it would have been very very traditional, and obviously even the lower classes had some scrawny bit of a bird. zoney ♣ talk 15:57, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes. Goose was cheap. Icundell 16:45, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * "Toffs had swan (or whatever was in vogue)" - lol - I'm sorry. Nobody eats swans. Swans have been protected for centuries. The only person who was allowed to eat swans was the Monarch. But I now think nobody can eat them. Yes the middle class was considerabbly smaller in 1868, but when we are discussing fashions and vogues and we are generally talking about the well-to-do and not the hoi poloi. The so-called "traditional" English breakfast being a classic example. It appears that Turkeys have been eaten in Britain for centuries, vying with the goose as the traditional fare for Christmas. IVoteTurkey

 * Both the Vintners and the Dyers Companies have ownership rights to swans and the monarch claimed wild swans in open water - for the very reason that they were a delicacy required for banqueting. But we are talking about the last century when the landed aristocracy was still in its pomp. Icundell 16:45, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well - I believe that you are absolutely correct. I've found what appears to be a well-researched article about Christmas in the 1840s (A Christmas Carol was written in 1843 I believe ) here  - it says " The centre-piece of the main course was beef in the north of England and goose in the south. Turkey had been bred in England since the sixteenth century but had not yet become a widely popular dish, though it was a prize turkey that Scrooge sent to the Cratchits on Christmas Day, suggesting they were fairly easily available but expensive.".  - and indeed after WWII turkeys entirely overtook geese as a traditional Christmas dish. I've also read elsewhere that Turkey supplanted Roast Swan on the Royal Christmas menu in 1851. IVoteTurkey
 * Thanks. I used you cite to rework Turkey (food) (plus Zoney's' note re Scrooge) Icundell 22:30, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * ~Jolly good. No article on Bernard Matthews either. I seem to vaguely remember some whiff of a scandal regarding him, but I can recollect no more. IVoteTurkey
 * If you are still in a xmasy mood, you might want to inspect Christmas pudding. It is rather wonderful (and all the better for Zoney's removal of disgraceful British imperialism :-) )Icundell 11:59, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Early afternoon slowdown
Does anyone else get an early afternoon slowdown in WP performance? Usually around 2pm-ish and possibily corresponding to when the yanks roll out of the pit? Icundell 14:57, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * yep Grunners 15:26, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Also noted. That's why I mostly edit at night after work. At the time I write this it is incredibly slow! [[User:Norm|Norman Rogers\talk]] 15:49, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes. It's worse than any other time I edit (which can possibly range from 9AM GMT through to 2AM depending on my daily routine or occasional lack thereof). zoney ♣ talk 16:00, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes. The same thing happens on Ebay. I think these tickets for The Producers will be sold by the time this screen refreshes. IVoteTurkey

 * As indeed thery were. IVoteTurkey

OK, I'm a sucker
I'm most definitely a sucker, but I've taken on another WikiProject: WikiProject computers. If anyone has any flair with computers or knows how to research computer topics, I welcome them there!!!! We're still formulating policy.

Anyone interested? Even if you're not, let your geeky friends know. They're more than welcome. - Ta bu shi da yu 11:43, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

British and Irish current events
FYI, I have started a new British and Irish current events page. Please feel free to add UK current events (including sports events). jguk 23:02, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Excellent idea and fine start. One small word of caution - be wary of words like 'insist' (the Dec 1 Blunkett story). There should be a compelling reason to use something other than 'said'. Also, if there is a way to lose the two uses of 'ongoing' in the box, I would be quite greateful (but that might just be me!). Icundell 01:04, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Please be bold and make changes - I copied the format (and most of the stories) direct from Current events, so it's bound to need some tweaking. Probably didn't get rid of all the American news terminology like "ongoing". I'll be referring to "breaking" news soon:) . I hope we get a good mix of British and Irish news (including sports news) on there. On another point - perhaps we should rename this the British Wikipedians' notice board - it would be a shame to exclude the Manx, Channel Islanders, Gibraltarian, Cayman Islanders, Turks and Caicos Islanders, etc. etc. jguk 01:13, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * So you say to cconfidently conceptualise amendments and enact them in an aggresive but non-confrontational way? Had it not been gone 1am I would have - and will once I can think of a better word (which involves getting xmas shopping out of my head first). Icundell 09:58, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

List of words having different meanings in British and American English
Help needed here. Is the cockney rhyming slang association "syrup" commonly understood enough to belong on this list, or should it be listed only on the rhyming slang list? Which other dialect words should appear on this list? --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 18:17, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I never found this article! Fanstastic. And to answer your question, I think only in rhyming slang (maple syrup is maple syrup on both sides of the pond). Icundell 20:46, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * There seems to be an endless argument going on about this (silly as it may seem to some) - so I propose that a vote on it be held here (where the Brits congregate) to sorti it out IVoteTurkey 11:01, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * As a Brit who left for the States in 1997 - I never heard the term, and I spent a good deal of time in London. My feeling is that 'syrup' in its CRS meaning must have been used on TV at some point for comic effect, probably since 97, making more people aware of it, but that there are still a good proportion of the British population who have no idea what it means, and the number of people who would actually use the word with that meaning in conversation is vanishingly small.  Other than as a deliberate 'funny cockney word', at least.

 * My gut feeling is that it's not actually in at all common usage and probably shouldn't be in that article, any more than many other CRS words which might be recognised by a proportion of the general population but would never be used by them. —Morven 16:50, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, it was certainly in use on television in the 1980s, in, say, Minder and EastEnders, and elsewhere earlier, but only in a Cockney context. It's certainly not (and never been) a common UK-wide usage, although people would probably know what you meant. -- ALoan (Talk) 18:15, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Which makes it a good candidate for the list, does it not? -- Necrothesp 01:48, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I do and I'm not a Londoner. Besides I think some regional variations in language should appear on the page, particularly where they are starting to make a widespread appearance in popular culture. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 10:50, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The inclusion of "syrup" is wrong for a very simple reason. Syrup only means wig in specific circumstances. If you saw an obviously bald man in a ginger wig you might whisper to your friends "pssst.. check out the syrup". i.e. it is used for 'comedic effect' and almost exclusively in reference to mens' wigs. You would never hear a woman saying "shall I wear a my blond or red syrup tonight" - to suggest that you would (by putting it on this list) is just silly. Jooler

Dates rant
In school I was always taught that the correct way of writing a date was like this:

Wednesday, 22nd December 2004

and not like this:

Wednesday, December 22nd 2004

The former certainly seems to be a common British thing, the latter American. Imagine my horror then when someone "fixed" all the dates (their words, not mine) at British and Irish current events from the former format to the latter. Is this another example of Americanism protruding international culture, or am I just being a pillock? -- Graham ☺ | Talk 12:20, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes it is Americanism protruding international culture- tell them if they want to view the dates the other way round - set the Wikipedia preference setting, for it. Jooler 13:31, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I sugest reverting it. As long as you format the date as a link (i.e. two square brackets either side) then if you've specified British or American dates in your preferences MediaWiki will automatically reformat them for you.  If you haven't specified a preference I think it displays them as per how they are in the source.  For British articles British English should always be used, which I interpret as including date format, so the change to the current events would be wrong.  Joe D (t) 13:34, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The format also only does yyyy-mm-dd not dd-mm-yyyy.--Jirate 14:25, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)

I've checked the dates on that page and they all seem to be displaying according to prefs. You just need to set your prefs according to your nationality. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 14:38, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, but the source for an page on British matters should use British English spelling, format, etc. - some readers are not registered and so don't have preferences. -- ALoan (Talk) 15:48, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It doesn't matter what the source looks like. I can type December 22 or 22 December, it doesn't make a ha'porth of difference if you've set your prefs properly.  In any case, quite a few British newspapers use the Month-day format without getting sniffy letters from Disgusted of Penge:
 * The Guardian
 * The Times
 * The Sun
 * Financial Times
 * For readers who aren't logged in it's probably best to make sure that all dates are presented the same way within a given page, but which way that is really doesn't matter. They're as likely to be reading it on one side of the Atlantic as the other.
 * --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 16:27, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, policy is that US-style should be used in specifically US articles, British style in specifically non-US articles, and whichever is used first in any other articles. I think it does matter. -- ALoan (Talk) 17:22, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I didn't know there was any policy on the format of Wiki source code. As I indicate above, there is an air of fiction about the claim that some styles of date are specifically British.  US newspapers tend to be consistent about date formats; all that I can find adopt Month-day. British newspapers, on the other hand, are not consistent in their date format, and they obviously don't get many complaints.  In common with many other aspects of grammar and punctuation (use of the full stop after Mr, for instance) we British tend to adopt a more relaxed approach to date format. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 11:48, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The 22nd Dec style is correct. The fact that young British people on the bbc and in newspapers are using the American way of talking is just part of their ignorance and wish to force Americanisation on Britain. It grates with British users and there's no reason not to have a mix of British and American styles on the wikipedia. It's not just a matter of Americans damaging our culture, although they are, it can also be confusing to have the date the wrong way round as they do. When I'm trying to sort out something from a list on the internet and I'm confronted with the American date format I have trouble keeping track of what I'm trying to do. WikiUser 19:30, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The British way tends to be that there is no convention; the American way is that there is a right way and as wrong way. It's a result of the uniformity in their education system and can also be seen in the acceptance of reformed spelling in the US--again propagated by uniform education.  In the UK we're more inclined to be influenced by mainland Europe, so ideosyncratic spellings such as "licence", "realise" and so on have leaked into our English from French.  This has happened less in the USA because they're taught to be far more fastidious about spelling and punctuation and they have been further from the influence of French speakers for the past five centuries or so. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 19:57, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Thankyou but the British way in writing has always been day first then month. That is the convention. December 27 on the news page looks odd to me. You're right that in talking British people sometimes say December the 13th. But when it comes to writing as I said you're thinking of the young "British" people's way that they've copied from the media and the British modern "educational" sytem. The Americanisation in other words that can even be seen happpening by the week. It's only a month or so ago that the morons on the bbc started saying two thousand four, i.e. American, instead of speaking English. WikiUser 17:01, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Where does the custodianship of this "British way in writing" reside? Certainly not in the literati:

Robert Louis Stevenson letter to Henry James: BONALLIE TOWERS, BRANKSOME PARK, BOURNEMOUTH, DECEMBER 8, 1884 Elizabeth Gaskell letter to Charles Dickens: Saturday, Jany 12th, 1850

I could find more but those two will do to illustrate just how difficult it would be to make any kind of case for a longstanding British "convention" of writing the date. You call the BBC "morons" for using a common pronunciation of 2004. What did you call the year ten years ago, nineteen-and-ninety-four? two-thousand-four and two-thousand-and-four are both equally informative and acceptable pronunciations of the year. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 18:40, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Leave it for now. But plan some guerilla action:) As soon as we're in January, make sure you go into Template:Current events box and make all the links in the DD-MM-YYYY format. Keep doing it until those changing it give up. Note that you'll also have to change all the links on the American current events page too, so that they have a fair chance of linking in too:) They may not like it, but it's a price worth paying for consistency, isn't it? ;) jguk 12:06, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

UK geo stubs
Now that there's loads of them, is there a way to make the listing of articles in the category browsable alphabetically, rather than just with the 'next 200' and previous '200 links'? Seems to me that templates like this ought to auto-generate an alphabetical TOC. Icundell 22:27, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * No, the feature whereby categories display only 200 pages at a time was only introduced a few days ago. You could try suggesting this idea to the coders who might add it to the next version of the software... Joe D (t) 00:53, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, where do I do that? I find this version less useful than a page that takes ages to load, since there is no idea of how many there are in a category,so no idea of how mant pages full of 200 records will follow.

 * Oh, and while I think about it, I noticed that rivers were forming a huge part of 'R' when we were moving them. I'd suggest that rivers need their own category. Icundell 11:38, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Retailer category
I'd just like to point out that Category:Retailers (non food) of the United Kingdom is a silly category. We don't have "People (not actors)" for example. Edward 00:01, 2004 Dec 30 (UTC)
 * Has it been nominated at Categories for deletion yet? I think it should be. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 01:00, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Could not agree more, but following a disagreement already with this rather abrasive editor I will probably be accused of spite (moi?) if I nominate it. Giano 14:57, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see the user in question has User talk:Pcpcpc has now added: - "If you have come here to snipe (for example to reward me for spending ten hours sorting out an uncategorised section the site by telling me that one of the sub-category names I choose is stupid) please keep your thoughts to yourself." So perhaps one had better keep one's thoughts to oneself! Giano 15:08, 30 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:EH icon.png
Image:EH icon.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:16, 2 January 2008 (UTC)


text:
Reminder software

Reminder software is a type of time management computer software that is designed to alert the user of important events that they have input to the program. Most programs provide a calendar or list view of events, as well as a reminding technique. Most common reminding techniques are pop-up dialog boxes and auditory alarms.

Events may include birthdays, holidays, anniversaries, various one-time events. Often the software comes with a set of pre-installed events (such as holidays) and allows the user to create custom events.

As software has made the transition to web services, a number of online reminder services have appeared. Users subscribed to those services usually receive their reminders by email or SMS. Context-aware reminder systems can set reminders based on the user's current location.

title: Reminder software


text:
User:Kukutz

I'm Roman Ivanov, lead developer of WackoWiki software.

 * http://wackowiki.com/RomanIvanov
 * http://npj.ru/kukutz
 * http://livejournal.com/users/kukutz

title: User:Kukutz


text:
Lynne

Lynne may refer to:

 * Lynne (surname)
 * Lynne (given name)
 * Lynne, Florida, an unincorporated community
 * Lynne, Wisconsin, a town in Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States

title: Lynne


text:
Sedgwick

Sedgwick may refer to:

People

 * Sedgwick (surname)

Places
Australia
 * Sedgwick, Victoria

England
 * Sedgwick, Cumbria, England
 * Sedgwick, West Sussex, England
 * Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge, England

United States
 * Sedgwick, Arkansas
 * Sedgwick, Colorado
 * Sedgwick, Kansas
 * Sedgwick, Maine
 * Sedgwick, Missouri
 * Sedgwick, Wisconsin
 * Sedgwick County, Colorado
 * Sedgwick County, Kansas
 * Sedgwick Avenue, Bronx, New York

Schools

 * Sedgwick Middle School in West Hartford, Connecticut
 * Sedgwick Elementary School in Cupertino, California

Transport

 * Sedgwick station (CTA), a Chicago 'L' station
 * Sedgwick station (SEPTA), a commuter rail station in Philadelphia

Companies

 * Sedgwick Group, a British insurance broker

title: Sedgwick


text:
Edmond

Edmond is a given name related to Edmund. Persons named Edmond include:

 * Edmond Canaple (1797–1876), French politician
 * Edmond Chehade (born 1993), Lebanese footballer
 * Edmond Conn (1914–1998), American farmer, businessman, and politician
 * Edmond de Goncourt (1822–1892), French writer
 * Edmond Etling (before 1909–1940), French designer, manufacturer
 * Edmond Halley (1656–1742), English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist
 * Edmond Haxhinasto (born 1966), Albanian politician
 * Edmond Maire (1931–2017), French labor union leader
 * Edmond Rostand (1868–1918), French poet and dramatist
 * Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934), French member of the Rothschild banking family
 * Edmond O'Brien (1915–1985), American actor of stage, screen, television and film director
 * Edmond Panariti (born 1960), Albanian foreign affairs minister
 * Edmond Robinson (born 1992), American gridiron footballer
 * Edmond L. Smith (1829–1891), American politician from Pennsylvania and Colorado
 * Edmond Tarverdyan, controversial fight trainer in MMA

In fiction

 * Edmond Burke, the protagonist and title character of the 1982 play Edmond
 * Edmond Burke, the protagonist and title character of the 2005 film Edmond, an adaptation of the play
 * Edmond Dantès, the protagonist and title character of the 1844 novel The Count of Monte Cristo
 * Edmond Elephant, a character from the Peppa Pig franchise
 * Edmond Honda, a character from the Street Fighter franchise

title: Edmond


text:
Garrett

Garrett may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Garrett, Illinois, a village
 * Garrett, Indiana, a city
 * Garrett, Floyd County, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
 * Garrett, Meade County, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
 * Garrett, Missouri, a ghost town
 * Garrett, Pennsylvania, a borough
 * Garrett, Texas, a town
 * Garrett, Washington, a census-designated place
 * Garrett, Wyoming, an unincorporated community
 * Garrett County, Maryland

Businesses

 * Garrett AiResearch, a former manufacturer of turbochargers and turbine engines, now part of Honeywell, Inc.
 * Garrett Motion, manufacturer of turbochargers for ground vehicles
 * Richard Garrett & Sons, a manufacturer of steam engines and agricultural machinery

Other uses

 * Garrett (name), lists of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname
 * Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, a graduate school of theology affiliated with the United Methodist Church

title: Garrett


text:
Fashion law

Fashion law deals with legal issues that impact the fashion industry. Fundamental issues in fashion law include intellectual property, business, and finance, with subcategories ranging from employment and labor law to real estate, international trade, and government regulation. Fashion law also includes related areas such as textile production, modelling, media, the cosmetics and perfume industries, questions of safety and sustainability, dress codes and religious apparel, consumer culture, privacy and wearable tech, and civil rights. Clothing laws varies by country.

History
Fashion has long been subject to legal regulation throughout history, from sumptuary laws that limit who can wear certain garments to trade restrictions and varying degrees of intellectual property protection. However, fashion law was not conceived as a distinct legal field until the mid- to late-2000s.

In May 2004, a group of French lawyers led by Annabelle Gauberti published a supplement entitled "Droit du luxe" (which translates into either "law of luxury goods" or "luxury law") in the prestigious French legal magazine Revue Lamy Droit des Affaires. This supplement explored specific legal and tax issues at stake in the fashion and luxury goods sectors and was one of the earliest analyses of the interactions between the legal field and the fashion and luxury goods industries.

Professor Susan Scafidi offered the first course in Fashion Law at Fordham Law School in 2006, thus creating a new field of legal study. At the same time, Fashion Law courses for designers were developed by Guillermo Jimenez at the Fashion Institute of Technology and Deborah McNamara at Parsons School of Design. In 2008, Scafidi wrote that fashion law was only then starting to be recognized as a distinct area of law.

In 2010, the world's first academic centre dedicated to fashion law, the Fashion Law Institute, launched with the support of Diane von Furstenberg and the Council of Fashion Designers of America. Since then a number of other institutions around the world have offered courses or programs in the area of fashion law. These include the University of Milan, the University of Insubria, the Instituto Brasileiro de Negócios e Direito da Moda, University at Buffalo Law School, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York Law School, New York University, the Fashion Law Project at Loyola Law School, the Moda Hukuku Enstitusu in Turkey, the annual Fashion Law Week at Howard University, and McGill University Faculty of Law. Fashion law has also developed into an established field of practice and study. In 2010, designer-turned-lawyer Brittany Rawlings led the first Fashion Law practice group dedicated entirely to issues that arise throughout the life of a fashion business. The New York City Bar Association has had a dedicated Fashion Law Committee since January 2011, and the New York County Lawyer's Association has had a Fashion Law Subcommittee since September 2011.

While double-digit turnover growth is being generated by many companies involved in the fashion and luxury goods sectors, an increasing number of lawsuits are filed in this industry, and more legal practitioners are focusing their practice on this particular industry and sector. The international association of lawyers for the creative industries (ialci) was founded in 2013 during Paris Fashion Week. The goal of the association is to provide relevant, useful business and legal knowledge and solutions regarding the creative industries, including fashion and luxury goods.

Intellectual Property
Intellectual property protection has been a substantial legal concern in fashion since the emergence of fashion brands in the 19th century. It has been the subject of congressional debate, multiple academic articles, and the first fashion law blog, as well as a major exhibit at the Fashion Institute of Technology Museum in New York. Key issues include:

 * the scope of copyright protection,
 * trademark infringement and counterfeit goods,
 * utility patents, particularly in connection with advances in technology,
 * the use of design patents as an alternative or supplement to copyright protection, and
 * comparative international standards.

A prominent related issue has been cultural appropriation, such as the use of Native American or religious designs by commercial fashion brands.

Financing and Corporate Structures
Fashion law encompasses the broad spectrum of issues pertinent to starting and funding a fashion business, such as:

 * the widespread use of factoring,
 * the influx of private equity investment, and
 * initial public offerings by major fashion brands.

Manufacturing
Legal issues in the production of clothing and accessories include:

 * worker safety and other labor practices,
 * garment district zoning, and
 * source indication.

Marketing
Legal issues addressed in connection with marketing include:

 * labelling requirements,
 * licensing, and
 * deceptive advertising.

Retail
Legal issues connected with the retail environment include:

 * consumer data privacy and the security of credit card information,
 * discrimination based on racial profiling, and
 * real-estate leasing and ownership.

Ethics, Sustainability, and Economic Development
Concerns pertaining to fashion ethics, sustainability and economic development have had a substantial impact on the industry, affecting both the legal framework and self-regulation initiatives. Important issues have included:
 * organic certification,
 * greenwashing,
 * supply-chain monitoring and certification standards (including the Higg Index and SA8000 certification),
 * the regulation of digitally altered images,
 * fair trade fashion, and
 * the impact of philanthropic initiatives and clothing donation programs.

International Trade
In addition to the international implications of issues noted above, fashion law also addresses other matters connected to international business transactions, including:

 * grey market goods,
 * import and export quotas,
 * transfer pricing taxation, and
 * customs duties.

Modelling Law
The legal status of models has become a prominent issue in fashion law, as exemplified by:

 * The regulation of models' weight in places, such as Madrid, Milan, and Israel;
 * New York's enactment of a statute giving underage models protection under the state's child labor law;
 * antitrust enforcement in relation to model pay-rates; and
 * efforts to curb fashion-related human trafficking.

title: Fashion law


text:
Lorain

Lorain may refer to:

Places

 * Lorain, Ohio
 * Lorain, Pennsylvania
 * Lorain, Wisconsin
 * Lorain County, Ohio
 * Lorain County Community College
 * Lorain Township, Minnesota

People

 * René Lorain (born 1900), French athlete
 * Sophie Lorain, Canadian actress

Organizations

 * Lorain City School District
 * Lorain Correctional Institution
 * Lorain County Transit
 * Lorain, Ashland & Southern Railroad

Other uses

 * Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.
 * USS Lorain (PF-93)

title: Lorain


text:
Rushville

Rushville may refer to a place in the United States:

 * Rushville, Illinois
 * Rushville, Indiana
 * Rushville, Iowa
 * Rushville, Missouri
 * Rushville, Nebraska
 * Rushville, New York
 * Rushville, Ohio

title: Rushville


text:
Guthrie

Guthrie may refer to:

People

 * Guthrie (surname), a family name originating in Scotland
 * Guthrie baronets in the United Kingdom
 * Clan Guthrie, a Scottish clan
 * Guthrie Govan (born 1971), British guitar virtuoso and guitar teacher

Places

 * Hundred of Guthrie, County of Way, South Australia
 * Guthrie, Ontario, Canada
 * Guthrie, Angus, Scotland

United States

 * Guthrie, Arizona
 * Guthrie, Illinois
 * Guthrie, Indiana
 * Guthrie, Kentucky
 * Guthrie, Michigan
 * Guthrie, Missouri

 * Guthrie, Oklahoma
 * Guthrie, Texas
 * Guthrie, West Virginia
 * Guthrie, Wisconsin
 * Guthrie County, Iowa
 * Guthrie Township, Hubbard County, Minnesota

Other

 * Guthrie (company), a Malaysian plantation company
 * Guthrie test, a medical test performed on newborn infants to detect phenylketonuria
 * Guthrie Theater, theater company in Minneapolis, Minnesota
 * Guthrie's, an American restaurant chain

title: Guthrie


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Phillip Chapman

Phillip Chapman
Phillip Chapman was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

Clearly this is a vanity page "muppetcentral.com" is an inconsequential website with low traffic, alexa ranking in the 74,000's. Phillip Chapman is not a notable individual. --tdell 216.218.244.6 14:59, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Anon votes don't count. But count mine as a delete.  Could move to user namespace if the Phil wants to log in and become a wikipedian. Dunc|☺ 15:51, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * There is no policy that says that anons can't vote or that their votes don't count. Admins can, however, discount anon votes if there is "strong evidence of bad faith". For the relevant policy see: Deletion guidelines for administrators. Also, it is helpful to keep in mind that decisions are made in Wikipedia by "rough consensus".  Voting takes place only to help determine whether such a consensus exists. Paul August  ☎ 04:39, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete or userfy. -- Antaeus Feldspar 16:43, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. I like the concept of userfy for autobiographies, but it needs the contributor to have created an account, and in this case they don't seem to have done that. Andrewa 20:38, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, below the horizon. Please note that Alexa is not a scientifically valid measure of web traffic. Wyss 21:41, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Jayjg 22:32, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Copacabana

Copacabana most commonly refers to:

 * Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
 * Copacabana (nightclub), New York City

Copacabana may also refer to:

Places

 * Copacabana, Catamarca, Argentina
 * Copacabana, Bolivia
 * Copacabana Municipality, Bolivia
 * Fort Copacabana, Brazil
 * Copacabana, Antioquia, Colombia
 * Copacabana, New South Wales, Gosford, NSW, Australia
 * Copacabana Beach in Dubrovnik, Croatia, a lesser-known beach by that name
 * Copacabana bus terminus, Harare, Zimbabwe

Arts and entertainment

 * "Copacabana" (song), a 1978 song by Barry Manilow
 * Copacabana (1985 film), a 1985 musical TV film based on the song
 * Copacabana: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack Album, soundtrack album for the TV film
 * Copacabana (musical), a 1994 musical based on the song and the TV film
 * Copacabana: Original London Cast Recording
 * Copacabana (Sarah Vaughan album), a 1979 album by Sarah Vaughan
 * Copacabana (1947 film), starring Groucho Marx and Carmen Miranda
 * Copacabana (2010 film), 2010 French film starring Isabelle Huppert

Other uses

 * Virgen de Copacabana, the patron saint of Bolivia
 * Copacabana Palace, a hotel in Rio de Janeiro
 * Copacabana Restaurant, Pike Place Market, Seattle, Washington, U.S.
 * Copacabana Hotel, located in Miramar, Havana, Cuba

title: Copacabana