text:
Talk:International Hockey League (1945–2001)

IHL vs NHL
The IHL was seen to be preparing a serious challenge to the NHL for the supremacy of North American professional hockey as NHL labor woes flared. I see there's now a cite here, but since it's a print source, I don't know what the source's relevant content is. As I said, the claim above is difficult to believe; the payroll gap between the leagues was significant, most IHL teams played in inferior facilities, and the IHL's financial structure depending in part on payroll subsidies from the NHL. I'd like to know what Total Hockey or any of these "dozens" of other sources said. Indeed, the article as a whole has just that one source, and could certainly use more. | Mr. Darcy talk 13:55, 21 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, the only scope the article can have is whether such a belief was prevalent at the time, which has nothing to do with personal opinions.     Among them, for instance, your belief that the IHL teams played in inferior facilities.  Pulling up the Sporting News hockey guide from 1995, Atlanta, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Milwaukee and Minnesota all played in stadiums equal to or exceeding what Boston, Buffalo, Quebec, Hartford, Winnipeg and Ottawa played in at the time.  San Diego and Phoenix played in arenas seating over 13 thousand.  Only Kalamazoo, Fort Wayne and Peoria played in smaller arenas, and all three would be out of the IHL within a couple years thereafter, too small to compete.

 * Further, let's have the relevant quotes from Total Hockey: "The IHL's early-1990s growth spurt seemed to have the league on a collision course with the NHL.  In addition to the teams in Chicago and Detroit, teams were placed in Long Beach and San Francisco, both near NHL cities.  Relations between the IHL and its senior counterpart soured and many National league clubs canceled their IHL affiliations.  Only four of 18 teams had an NHL affiliation in 1997-98."  Hm, here's another, from the Hockey News 1996-1997 Yearbook:  "Only time will tell if the IHL will make a serious challenge (to the NHL), but league governors are paying attention." Ravenswing 23:44, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

 * First of all, it would be really helpful if you'd drop the ridiculous pretense that asking for quotes has anything to do with my personal opinions. When I first tagged the article, it was entirely unsourced. It's still undersourced, in fact, and pointing that out with questions about the unsourced content is entirely appropriate.
 * I have changed the relevant portion of the article to reflect the quote from Total Hockey, which is a lot more vague on the "challenge" than the article's original content was. Your second quote is useless; it is saying that at that moment, the IHL was not making a serious challenge, and it was not clear if the league was going to make a serious challenge. And FWIW, the fact that the league collapsed without the payroll subsidies provided by NHL clubs is pretty strong evidence that there wasn't a challenge in the offing - their financial model couldn't support it. In the future, let's keep the content of this article NPOV and cited. | Mr. Darcy talk 00:47, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * When you repeatedly state that you don't believe there was any such perception, any premise that personal opinion is entering into this is spot on accurate; the mere fact that you're continuing to debate the viability of any such challenge is blatant. Secondly, the article never stated that there was any such challenge, only that there was a wide perception in the hockey establishment and media that there was one, which is another matter altogether.  Thirdly, your new wording directly quotes the Total Hockey article and is a copy violation. And a couple more quotes while I'm at it, which I'll source in the main article:

"Mention signing established NHL stars and International League commissioner Robert Ufer smiles. Mention salary caps and he'll start talking about the ceiling - as in creating a soft one ... The deal the IHL and the union agreed to last November and signed into official status just before the current season started will have a team spending over the cap paying a fine - or tax as the league calls it - proportional to the overage. In 1995-96 that cap figure is expected to be $1.5 million.  But what if so many teams surpass that figure - through, as many observers expect, signings of veteran NHL players - that the average payroll computes, for example, to $2 million?  Then the cap is raised, and only the teams over $2 million get fined."

"'I never conceived that out of this would come something that would stretch coast to coast,' said Huber, 'let alone a league that went head to head against the NHL in its own markets.' ... From there, commissioner Tom Berry launched the league into its big-market boom period, which is still very active with Ufer's guidance and has raised hopes of challenging for the Stanley Cup in the foreseeable future."

 * Ravenswing 03:03, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * You're obviously not familiar with copyright rules if you think a two-sentence quote is a "copy violation." I never stated that I didn't believe there was any such perception - that's your strawman position here. I stated that I believed that there was no IHL challenge in the offing. I still don't see anything to indicate that there was such a challenge - merely the perception that there might be one down the road. You might want to review WP:OWN before you resume your attack against me and my request that we properly cite things in this article. | Mr. Darcy talk 03:28, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I work with copyright law for a living, and never mind Wikipedia's clear policies on the subject, any verbatim, unattributed quote from a published work without even so much as an assertion of fair use (which the article couldn't support) is in violation. WP:C and WP:FAIR are reasonably comprehensive and accurately phrased; I recommend reviewing it.  As far as "attacking" you goes, I am not the one who trotted out words like "ridiculous," "strawman," "weasel word," and so on.  Perhaps there is some reason for your ongoing combativeness on this issue - especially in light of your beliefs falling short of accuracy - but I'd rather not spend time in speculation.  In any event, if you desire more cites in the article generally, feel free to add some.    Ravenswing 13:10, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * And I have worked with copyright law as well. A single sentence, properly attributed (which it was), is more than acceptable. If you feel better putting quotation marks around it, go right ahead. As for "weasel word," it's an accepted Wikipedia term for certain phrasings that are vague, often deliberately so, on questionable issues - the use of the passive voice being one such type of writing. "The IHL was seen to be preparing a serious challenge..." is weaselly - who saw them to be preparing a serious challenge? Was this a common view? Was it a realistic view? If it was the view of a few hockey writers, how did business writers (who could better assess the viability of such a challenge) view it? And so on. The current sentence is a pretty clear violation of the guideline against using weasel words, and it's probably POV (a pro-IHL view, as it were) and I'm not sure why you're so resistant to a change that is clear, NPOV, and better reflects the citations provided - or why you feel the need to attack me for suggesting that the article needs such improvements. | Mr. Darcy talk 18:12, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * MrDarcy: you challenged and are now complaining that someone responded to said challenge. I don't understand this. The statement in question is adequately sourced, yet you contend otherwise without any referenced counterexamples. I'm under the impression that you're line of thinking is the IHL failed, therefore they were never a threat. I suppose the WHA was never a threat either (including the proposed reincarnation). ccwaters 14:21, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * See above. I'll thank you to avoid making unmerited assumptions about my thinking. I saw something unsourced and vague, and am saying that it needs to be improved. Focus on improving the article, rather than casting aspersions on me. | Mr. Darcy talk 18:12, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for making clear arguments. According to WP:Weasel: Weasel words are words or phrases that seemingly support statements without attributing opinions to verifiable sources.. Sources are given.
 * So we're not trying to revise/diminish past intentions/perceptions with the luxury of hindsight? Yet, you add a disclaimer comparing league salaries as if to counter. ccwaters 20:31, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * There are sources, but they don't support the statement as it was originally written. The rewritten version accurately reflects the quotations provided above; I don't see what the problem is, other than that it's not the way that Ravenswing seems to want the page to read. As for the payroll figures, they're properly cited, and serve to illuminate the gap between the leagues - without any editorial comment on how significant that gap was in whether the IHL could mount a challenge or not. The original version implied that the IHL was on the verge of a challenge, but in reality, it wasn't. As I said, I see no problem with making the content clearer and the phrasing more explicit, or with adding properly cited mentions of the relative sizes of the leagues' team payrolls. | Mr. Darcy talk 22:47, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, I was wondering about that myself; MrDarcy's slipping into outright advocacy of a position here, and his grasp of WP:WEASEL seems on a par with his grasp of copyright law, Wiki copyright policy, NPOV, minor league history or then-prevalent IHL stadium sizes: the definition seems to be "I don't agree with it." First he claimed to want cites, then he wanted the cites explained to him, then he wanted more cites, now he wants cites from businessmen. Unfortunately, Wikipedia is still not a soapbox, and I'm disinterested in chasing down yet more cites which will then be dismissed on some pretext or another. An assertion has been made, a request for citation was made, that request was more than thoroughly filled, done deal. Any more research he can do himself. Ravenswing 22:51, 22 November 2006 (UTC)
 * And the personal attacks continue. But I do want to respond to one point you made earlier: Among them, for instance, your belief that the IHL teams played in inferior facilities. Pulling up the Sporting News hockey guide from 1995, Atlanta, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Milwaukee and Minnesota all played in stadiums equal to or exceeding what Boston, Buffalo, Quebec, Hartford, Winnipeg and Ottawa played in at the time. San Diego and Phoenix played in arenas seating over 13 thousand. There are two major problems with this argument. One is that capacity is only one variable, and not even a major one, in determining the revenue-producing capability of a stadium. Luxury boxes, club seating, signage, concessions, parking, and stadium age are all major variables as well. The other is that of your six NHL cities with poor facilities, three were about to lose their teams (Quebec in 1995, Winnipeg in 1996, and Hartford in 1997); Boston's new facility opened in September of '95, boasting what I believe was the highest average ticket price in the NHL during its first season; Ottawa's new facility opened in January 1996; and Buffalo's new facility opened in September of 1996. My point about the stadia was that the viability of an IHL challenge would depend in part on what kind of revenues its facilities could produce. | Mr. Darcy talk 16:55, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

So we are arguing the actual statement and not the wording? Instead of referencing one statistic and declaring it the end all litmus test, why don't you look at the hockey climate as a whole? Things to consider: The escalating salaries and the effect on the financial stability of teams in the NHL, the 1994-95 lockout which was primarily an unsuccessful attempt at instituting a salary cap, the shift from a primarily midwest league to a national major market league, the solidifaction of the AHL becoming a developmental league vs the IHL being veteran friendly to the point of even poaching a few established NHLers. Remember, we're not contending that it didn't fail, we're just stating (with references) that an attempt was made. ccwaters 02:55, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm not declaring any one stat as any kind of end-all litmus test. What I think the article really needs is a more thorough description or exploration of what the IHL's strategy in the mid-90s was. Yes, some hockey writers speculated that a challenge was in the works, and since that's properly cited, I have no objection to that being in the article. We don't have any evidence that there was such a challenge in the works, though - no quotes from IHL league or team execs, for example, or articles describing an actual strategy to challenge the NHL. (I remember reading a great article, possibly in USA Today, in '96 or '97, where a senior IHL exec described their marketing strategy, saying that they wanted to hit a price point that the NHL no longer served, even slotting in under NHL teams in strong NHL markets like Chicago and Detroit. I haven't put any mention of this in the article, though, since I don't have a citation.) Without the payroll info or any other statistics, we also don't have any information to allow the reader to determine if such a challenge was realistic; the working capital required to go from a subsidized minor league in inferior stadia to a bona fide rival league would have been in the $300 million to $600 million range, given how prior rival leagues (WHA, USFL, WFL, even the Federal League) typically had to overpay players to get them to jump leagues. Let's get the complete picture into the article, complete with quotes from relevant executives, since the IHL's rapid expansion and the apparent souring of its relationship with the NHL led pretty directly to its demise, and is thus an enormous part of the league's story. Ccwaters' suggestions of other points that should go into the article (if properly cited) are all excellent, although I disagree with the very last statement that "an attempt was made," as the sources provided so far only show that some observers believed an attempt was coming. Perhaps that's a subtle distinction, but I think the difference between "the IHL collapsed because it tried to challenge the NHL" and "the IHL collapsed because the NHL believed a challenge was coming" is significant. Either may be true, and as long as the citations back it up, I'm not going to object. | Mr. Darcy talk 16:55, 24 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Probably both were true; the IHL collapsed because the league tried to go too far, and the NHL materially contributed to the collapse by yanking their affiliations en masse. I don't foresee usable citations for either.  IHL execs and owners constantly denied they were trying to compete with the NHL, and I don't think the NHL owners would have ever gone on record claiming they were worried about the IHL.  All I've found in contemporaneous reference to affiliation shifts were variations on "We thought that {X AHL club} would be a better fit."  Certainly the issue of collusion was a hot topic in those days, as people might remember, and the owners would have been gunshy about any appearance of the same. Ravenswing 19:05, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Recent edits
While I agreed that the IHL owners carelessly overreached, this has proved a contentious enough subject (see the above discussion for proof) that saying so without ironclad cites constitutes NPOV violation that won't be let slide. Combine that with several grammar and spelling errors, and I felt it safer to revert pending cleanup and adequate sourcing.  Ravenswing  23:17, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Disambiguation
Time to restore the original title of this article without the dates, doesn't anyone think?  Ravenswing  05:48, 1 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I could go either way. With 5 leagues of the same (or almost the same) name. Leaving it as a disambiguation page might be appropriate. However, this league probably is the most known league of the bunch. -DJSasso (talk) 12:49, 1 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Given that it was around for three times as long as all the others combined, that'd be a safe bet!  Ravenswing  15:48, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 03:27, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

International Hockey League (1945–2001) → International Hockey League — Relisted. fuzzy510 (talk) 07:26, 3 March 2011 (UTC) As is noted in the discussion below, the other IHL's were either short-lived or, in the case of the KHL, better known by a different name. Khan_singh (talk) 02:16, 13 February 2011 (UTC)

 * As I argued several months ago, I'm in complete agreement.  Ravenswing  17:34, 13 February 2011 (UTC)

 * The title shouldn't be moved, as the league no longer exists. GoodDay (talk) 22:57, 13 February 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't perceive your logic; how does the league's existence or lack thereof impact what name the article should have?  Ravenswing  13:47, 14 February 2011 (UTC)
 * For reference, see American Football League. That title points to the AFL circa 1960-69. All other AFL's are qualified by their years of operation. The AFL of the 60's is the best known league by that name. This IHL was in business for over fifty years, and only the Kontinental Hockey League could be argued to be a better known league, but it's now called the KHL, and most sources know it by that name. Khan_singh (talk) 21:10, 15 February 2011 (UTC)
 * (res to RG & Khan) The (1945-2001) in the title, shows up front that the league doesn't exist anymore. Ya stumped me with the AFL example. GoodDay (talk) 05:26, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Support - For the reasons I stated above. Khan_singh (talk) 03:09, 26 February 2011 (UTC)

*Oppose move: This article should remain as a disambiguation page. Over the past century several ice hockey leagues have been called the "International Hockey League". This disambiguation page is a useful resource for our readers to be directed to the proper article that covers the appropriate IHL league of their interest. The fact that there are no current hockey leagues called the IHL does not in itself mean that this article should not moved, but it does demonstrate that this the "International Hockey League" moniker has been used and re-used to the point where it does not identify any specific historical league; so again, a disambiguation page is useful for readers and editors alike to correctly identify which defunct league they want to refer and/or link to. Dolovis (talk) 15:31, 26 February 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

IHL/AHL
This article is a little confusing as the IHL did not merge into/with the AHL, but the info is leaning towards that the IHL did merge with the AHL. There should be a sentence in the article that says the IHL did not merge into (with) the AHL since the remaining IHL teams merged into the AHL as expansion teams and not the IHL. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.188.74.12 (talk) 12:40, 30 May 2012 (UTC)
 * It does not say in the article that the league merged. It says 6 teams merged into the league, which is what happened. -DJSasso (talk) 13:32, 30 May 2012 (UTC)


text: User talk:68.150.255.87

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:68.150.255.87


text:
Federation Council (Russia)

The Federation Council, unofficially Senate, is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993.

Each of the 89 federal subjects of Russia (including two annexed in 2014 and four more in 2022, which are not recognized by the international community) – consisting of 24 republics, 48 oblasts, nine krais, three federal cities, four autonomous okrugs, and one autonomous oblast – sends two senators to the Council, for a total membership of 178 Senators. In addition, the Constitution also provides for senators from the Russian Federation, which can be no more than 30 (up to seven of them for life), as well as (optionally) former presidents as life senators ( there are no such life senators).

The council holds its sessions within the Main Building on Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street in Moscow, the former home of the Soviet State Building Agency (Gosstroy), with further offices and committee rooms located on New Arbat Avenue. The two houses of the Federal Assembly are physically separated, with the State Duma residing in another part of Moscow on Okhotny Ryad Street. Sessions of the Federation Council take place in Moscow from 25 January to 15 July and from 16 September to 31 December. Sessions are open to the public, although the location of sessions can change if the Federation Council so desires, and secure closed sessions may be convoked.

For purposes of succession, the speaker (chairman) of the Federation Council is the third-highest position in the Russian Federation, after the president and the prime minister. In the case of incapacity of the president and prime minister, the chairman of the Federation Council becomes the Acting President of the Russian Federation.

History

The modern history of the Federation Council begins during the 1993 Constitutional Crisis that pitted President Boris Yeltsin's unpopular neoliberal and governmental structure reforms against the increasingly radical Congress of People's Deputies, the nation's legislature. Throughout the year, the congress had grown increasingly dissatisfied with Yeltsin and his cabinet's management of the floundering Russian economy, as well as with its plans for a new constitution for the Russian Federation to replace the Soviet-era 1978 Russian SFSR Constitution still in effect. Amidst the increasingly tense crisis, on 21 September, Yeltsin issued Presidential Decree No.1400. The decree effectively scrapped constitutional reform then in discussion, as well as legally dissolving the Congress of People's Deputies, ordering its replacement with an entirely new federal legislative structure, and granting the president increased executive powers. Following a war of words and acts of defiance from both sides, President Yeltsin abruptly ended the governmental power struggle by ordering the Russian army to bombard and storm the White House of Russia, the legislative building, between 2–4 October 1993.

Following the crushing of the Congress of People's Deputies and other members of the federal and territorial governments who had initially supported what he viewed as a rebellious legislature, Yeltsin presented a new constitution. With the events of 1993 very much in mind, Yeltsin drafted a constitution that called for increased executive branch powers in prime ministerial appointments, veto overrides, and a stronger executive security council. The constitution also called for the creation of a bicameral Federal Assembly, consisting of a State Duma and a Federation Council. Although Yeltsin had created a Federation Council in July 1993 to gather regional representatives (except Chechnya) to support an earlier draft of a replacement constitution to the 1978 document, this Federation Council was to become a permanent part of the legislature.

The procedure of the formation of the Federation Council through elections held according to a majority system was defined by Presidential Decrees No. 1626, to take effect from 11 October 1993, "On Elections to the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" and No. 1846, from 6 November 1993, "On Specification to the Resolution on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma and Resolution on Elections of Deputies to the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 1993".

Similar to the United States Senate, the Federation Council would consist of two representatives from each of Russia's federal subjects. Unlike the State Duma, which consisted of representatives from hundreds of districts nationwide, the Federation Council was to act as more or less the voice of Russia's federated subdivisions. Early debate on its creation centered on whether or not the Federation Council should be elected at all. To solve some problems on the Council's first scheduled election in December, Yeltsin issued Presidential Decree No. 1628, on 11 October, stipulating that candidates for the first elections needed at least two percent, or 25,000 signatures—whichever was highest—of their oblast, republic, krai, autonomous okrug, or federal city population. This helped previous territorial elites remain within national politics. The decree also stipulated a single term of two years before new elections in 1995.

The Council's first elections were held on 12 December 1993, simultaneously with State Duma elections and a referendum on the new Constitution of the Russian Federation. With the constitution now in effect after its successful passage, elections for the Council were to be franchised solely to territorial authorities, with one senator elected from the subject's legislature, and the other by the subject's executive branch. This was later codified in 1995 when the Council's first term expired.

The constitution, however, did not specify senators were to be elected. By 1995, using this constitutional anomaly, regional executives could sit ex officio in both their regional executive posts within the Federation Council. While the State Duma held many of the serious debates on Russian policy during this time, the Council became a lobby for regional interests, competing for federal attention.

The ascension of President Vladimir Putin following Yeltsin's resignation on 31 December 1999 brought many new changes to the Federation Council. As part of his top political goals in his first months of office in 2000, Putin proposed a reform law to change the makeup of the Council, which would allow regional governors to designate councillors but not sit on the Council themselves, freeing it from what Putin saw as blatant personal cronyism on the part of regional leaders. The Council furiously resisted Putin's plan, conscious that their role in federal politics, their very ability to enjoy the fruits of living within Moscow, and their parliamentary immunity would end. With the State Duma threatening to override a Council veto, and Putin's threats to open federal criminal investigations against regional governors, the Council backed down and grudgingly supported the law in July 2000. Consequently, a wave of new Kremlin-friendly senators took the vacated seats, with the full backing of Putin. The last of the dual senator-governors were rotated out of office in early 2002.

Following the Beslan school hostage crisis in September 2004, President Putin initiated a radical shakeup of the federal system, proposing that the direct elections of regional governors be replaced by appointments by the president himself. These appointments could later be confirmed or rejected by the regional legislatures. The move further placed more control over the Council by the executive branch, due to laws that stipulate that regional executives have a say in choosing delegates to the Federation Council.

Since 2000, the Federation Council has largely remained a stable body. However, critics have charged that Putin's tactics in reforming the Council were blatantly undemocratic and anti-federal, arguing that the reforms created a rubber stamp body for the executive branch and the ruling United Russia party, similar to what the Soviet of Nationalities was during the Soviet period.

Officers and members
As set in Article 101 of the Russian Constitution, the Federation Council "shall elect among its deputies the chairman of the Council." Some of the Chairman's official duties include presiding over sessions, formulating and introducing draft agendas, issuing orders and consulting with the Council's various committees, acting as the Council's official representative in the Federal Assembly, and signing resolutions to be forwarded to the president or the State Duma.

The current chairwoman is Valentina Matviyenko.

Senators can retain membership in their respective parties. However, they are asked not to bring party factionalism to the floor itself. Since the reforms of 2000, the Council has enjoyed a significantly close relationship with the Kremlin, helping to pass key legislation the Kremlin desires.

According to Article 98, all the members of the Council enjoy immunity from arrest, detainment, and searches. In 2007 the law regarding the Federation Council was amended, and now a senator must have resided for at least ten years in the territory being represented.

The Federal Law defines the status of members of the Federation Council: "On Status of Members of the Council of Federation and Status of Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation".

Presidium
The presidium consists of a chairman, four deputy chairmen, and a general secretary.

Political affiliation
Unlike the State Duma, with its division of parties and leaders, in 2002 parliamentary groups were forbidden, following Mironov's election to the chairmanship and the parliamentary procedures to disband all political factions, though the members are affiliated with some major Russian political parties.

Elections
Unlike the State Duma and the provincial legislatures throughout Russia, the Council is not directly elected but instead is chosen by territorial politicians, resembling in some respects the structure of the U.S. Senate before the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The only exclusion to this was the first Federation council (1994–1996), which was elected on 12 December 1993.

According to Article 95, the Council comprises representatives of each Russian federal subject—two from each. The provincial legislature elects one senator, and the other is nominated by the provincial governor and confirmed by the legislature. Before 2000, all provincial governors and heads of provincial legislatures were also members of the Council. Upon President Putin's ascension to the Russian presidency, this practice was discontinued under pressure from the Kremlin, forbidding governors to hold dual posts.

Terms of membership in the Council are also not nationally fixed, due to the continuing territorial nature of the chamber. Terms are determined according to the regional bodies they represent.

In 2001–2004 regional bodies were able to recall their senator by the same procedure by which they appointed them. Such recalls once occurred quite often. But a new law passed in December 2004 required that the chairman of the Federation Council must first initiate a recall procedure. The procedure has not been used since.

On 1 January 2013, the latest Law on the Procedure to Form the Federation Council entered into force: according to the Law, the Federation Council consists of two delegates from each Russian constituent component, one representing the given region's legislative assembly and the other representing the provincial executive authorities. There will be two different election procedures, one for each member type. (Federal Law No. 229, art. 1.1.) A candidate for the Senator from a constituent component's legislature must be a member of the component region's legislative assembly. Candidates are nominated by the chairman of the regional legislative assembly, by one party faction represented in the assembly, or by at least one-fifth of the assembly members. Then, the regional legislative assembly will vote to elect one of the nominated candidates.

An amendment to the law was approved in July 2014, which added 17 more senators who are nominated by the president.

The regional executive authority representative, the second type of delegate to the Federation Council, is appointed by the governor of that constituent component (or the head of that autonomous republic). The delegate is selected from among three people named by the candidates for the office of governor/head of the concerned region. The winner of the gubernatorial/republican leadership election then appoints one of the three delegates previously named for appointment to the Council as a senator from said region.

Powers
The Federation Council is viewed as the more formal chamber of the Federal Assembly. Because of its federalist design and its voting franchise being strictly limited to provincial elites, the Council is viewed as less susceptible to radical changes.

The Council is charged with cooperating with the State Duma in completing and voting on draft laws. Federal laws concerning budgets, customs regulations, credit monitoring, and the ratification of international treaties are to be considered by the Council after they have been adopted by the State Duma, where most legislation is introduced.

Special powers that are accorded only to senators of the Federation Council are:

 * Approval of changes in borders between the subjects of the Russian Federation;
 * Approval of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law;
 * Approval of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of a state of emergency;
 * Deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
 * Declaring of elections of the President of the Russian Federation;
 * Impeachment of the President of the Russian Federation;
 * Approving the president's nomination of judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federal government;
 * Approving the president's nomination of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation;
 * Appointment of Deputy Chairman and half of the auditors of the Accounting Chamber.

For laws to pass the Federation Council, a vote of more than half of its 178 senators is required. When considering federal constitutional laws, three-fourths of the Council's votes are required for passage. If the Council vetoes a law passed by the State Duma, the two chambers are mandated to form a Conciliation Committee in order to form a compromise bill, on which both houses would have to vote again. A two-thirds majority of Duma deputies can override the Federation Council's veto.

Committees

Committees form a key component of the structure of the Council. Sixteen committees and seven commissions exist for senators to consider legislation and policy on several issues ranging from foreign affairs, federal affairs, and youth and sports. Leadership in these committees are determined by the Council Chairman, who remains in correspondence with their findings. These committees include:

 * Committee on Constitutional Legislation
 * Committee on Judicial and Legal Affairs
 * Committee on Defence and Security
 * Budgetary Committee
 * Committee on Financial Markets and Currency Circulation
 * Foreign Affairs Committee
 * Committee on the Commonwealth of Independent States
 * Committee on Federal Affairs and Regional Policies
 * Committee on Local Government
 * Social Policy Committee
 * Committee on Economic Policy, Business and Ownership
 * Industrial Policy Committee
 * Committee on Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
 * Committee on Food and Agricultural Policies
 * Committee for Science, Culture, Education, Public Health and Ecology
 * Committee on Northern Territories and Indigenous Minorities
 * Commission on Standing Orders and Parliamentary Performance Organisation
 * Commission for the Council of Federation's Performance Maintenance Monitoring
 * Commission on Ways and Means of the Council of Federation's Constitutional Powers Implementation
 * Commission for Interaction with the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation
 * Commission on Youth and Sports
 * Commission on Information Policy
 * Commission on Natural Monopolies

Chairpeople of the Federation Council

 * Vladimir Shumeyko (13 January 1994 – 23 January 1996)
 * Yegor Stroyev (23 January 1996 – 5 December 2001)
 * Sergey Mironov (5 December 2001 – 18 May 2011)
 * Aleksander Torshin (19 May – 21 September 2011) (acting)
 * Valentina Matviyenko (21 September 2011 – present day)

Presidential Envoys to the Federation Council

 * Aleksandr Yakovlev (18 February 1994 – 10 February 1996; as Presidential Envoy to the Federal Assembly)
 * Anatoly Sliva (10 February 1996 – 27 October 1998)
 * Yury Yarov (7 December 1998 – 13 April 1999)
 * Vyacheslav Khizhnyakov (12 May 1999 – 5 April 2004)
 * Alexander Kotenkov (5 April 2004 – 30 October 2013)
 * Artur Muravyov (Since 30 October 2013)

title: Federation Council (Russia)


text:
Ponevezh Yeshiva

Ponevezh Yeshiva, often pronounced as Ponevitch Yeshiva (ישיבת פוניבז׳), is a yeshiva founded in 1908 in Panevėžys (Ponevezh), Lithuania, and located today in Bnei Brak, Israel since 1944. The yeshiva has over three thousand students, including those of affiliated institutions, and is considered one of the leading Litvish yeshivas in Israel.

History
Founded in 1908, the yeshiva was originally located in city of Panevėžys (Ponevezh), Lithuania before the Holocaust. After the death of its founder, Yitzhak Yaakov Rabinovich, the yeshiva was re-established in Bnei Brak in 1944 by Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman, who appointed Shmuel Rozovsky as dean, and some years later appointed Dovid Povarsky as rosh yeshiva.

The main study hall has an original 16th-century Italian wooden aron kodesh (Torah scroll ark), brought to the yeshiva in the early 1980s, and restored and re-gilded with 22 carat gild leaf.

Split into two factions
During the 1990s, leadership of the yeshiva was the subject of a public disagreement between two of its leaders. Since then, the yeshiva has split and resulted in two yeshivas in the same building, with the students occupying different dormitories, though studying in the same learning hall and eating in the same dining room.

The Kahaneman faction of the yeshiva was led by rabbi Gershon Eidelstein and is led by rabbis Berel Povarsky (son of Dovid Povarsky), Reb Dovid Levy (son-in-law of Rabbi Eidelstein and Reb Chaim Peretz Berman (a grandson of The Steipler, and a son-in-law of Reb Berel Povarsky). The Markovitz faction of the yeshiva is led by Reb Shmuel Markovitz, Reb Asher Deutch, and The Mashgiach Reb Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler.

Notable teachers
Rabbis who have taught at the yeshiva include:
 * Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman (1886–1969), founder and rosh yeshiva in Lithuania and Israel
 * Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler (1892–1953), mashgiach ruchani, author of the Michtav me-Eliyahu
 * Yechezkel Levenstein (1895–1974), mashgiach ruchani, author of Or Yechezkel
 * Shmuel Rozovsky (1913–1979), rosh yeshiva
 * Dovid Povarsky (1902–1999), rosh yeshiva
 * Elazar Menachem Man Shach (1899–2001), rosh yeshiva
 * Chaim Friedlander (1923–1986), mashgiach, co-compiler of Michtav me-Eliyahu and author of the well known Sifsei Chaim series (not to be confused with the Liska Rebbe of  the same name)
 * Gershon Edelstein (1923–2023), rosh yeshiva and spiritual leader of the Degel HaTorah political party in Israel
 * Baruch Dov Povarsky (1931–), commonly called R' Berel, rosh yeshiva

Notable alumni
Alumni include the following rabbis:
 * Pinchas Goldschmidt
 * Shraga Feivish Hager, Kosover rebbe
 * Dr. Mordechai Halperin, Chief Officer of Medical Ethics for the Israeli Ministry of Health, director of the Dr. Falk Schlesinger Institute
 * Meir Kessler
 * Dov Landau
 * Israel Meir Lau, former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel
 * Yaakov Peretz, rosh yeshiva of Midrash Sepharadi
 * Yoel Schwartz, Torah scholar and author, senior lecturer at Yeshiva Dvar Yerushalayim
 * Avrohom Yitzchok Ulman, rabbi of Ner Yisroel in Jerusalem, member of Jerusalem's Edah HaChareidis

Affiliated institutions

 * Kollel Avreichim — located on the grounds of the yeshiva in the Ohel Kedoshim building; intended for married students who have graduated from the yeshiva
 * Yeshivat Ponevezh Le'zeirim — a division for 200 high school students headed by Rabbi Michel Yehuda Lefkowitz, and was formerly co-headed by Rabbi Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman
 * Batei Avot — sheltered accommodation established by Rabbi Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman for children rescued from the Holocaust and orphans and children from broken homes; donated by Henry Krausher
 * Grodno Yeshiva - Beer Yaakov — an additional yeshiva located in Beer Yaakov
 * Grodno Yeshiva - Ashdod, also known as Ponevezh Ashdod — an additional yeshiva located in Ashdod

title: Ponevezh Yeshiva


text:
Talk:Cheque

Check image
The lead image currently has a mismatch between the printed drawer and the signature. I have requested the creator of the image to modify it if possible. Retswerb (talk) 00:49, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

Business studies
The bank that honor the Cheque is called 105.112.210.98 (talk) 18:47, 14 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cheque


text: Talk:Treaty of Finckenstein

title: Talk:Treaty of Finckenstein


text: Category:1238 deaths

title: Category:1238 deaths


text:
File:Supertramp - Paris.jpg

Cover for album Paris by Supertramp.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Supertramp - Paris.jpg


text:
Talk:Al Jazeerah

This article was listed on votes for deletion; see Votes for deletion/Al Jazeerah. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 07:07, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Al Jazeerah


text: User talk:192.88.124.208

title: User talk:192.88.124.208


text:
Macau national football team

The Macau national football team (Selecção Macaense de Futebol) represents the Chinese special administrative region of Macau in international association football. The team is supervised by the Macau Football Association (Portuguese: Associação de Futebol de Macau). The Macau football team has a ranking that is one of the lowest among the FIFA members. Although usually known as simply Macau, the EAFF refers to the team as Macau, China.

The national team has never qualified for the AFC Asian Cup or EAFF East Asian Championship. The team qualified for the 2006 AFC Challenge Cup, where they got one draw and two losses.

The team had been representing Macau in international football events before 1999 when Macau was a dependent territory of Portugal. It continues to represent Macau even after Macau was handed over to the People's Republic of China by Portugal and became a special administrative region of China in 1999. This team is separate from the China national football team, as the Basic Law and the principle of "one country, two systems" allows Macau to maintain its own representative teams in international sports competitions. In Macau, the Macau football team is colloquially referred to as the "Macau team", while the Chinese national team is referred to as the "national team".

History
Macau participated in the inaugural 2006 AFC Challenge Cup held in Bangladesh being grouped with Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Pakistan but lost all of their match against their opponent.

Macau then participated in the inaugural 2016 AFC Solidarity Cup held in Kuching, Malaysia being grouped with Laos, Mongolia and Sri Lanka. In the first match, Macau won Mongolia 2–1 with captain, Niki Torrão scoring a brace. The following match, Macau won Laos 4–1 before eventually drawing to Sri Lanka 1–1 which see Macau advanced to the semi-finals as group leaders. Macau faced Brunei which Leong Ka Hang rescued Macau from a one goal deficit to level the match at 1–1 seeing both sides off to extra time however the match goes on to penalties shoot out with Macau advancing to their first even international cup final. On 15 November 2016, Macau faced Nepal however in the 29' minute of the match, Nepalese Sujal Shrestha break the deadlock and Nepal ended up winning the 2016 AFC Solidarity Cup at the Sarawak Stadium. Leong Ka Hang is given the tournament 'Most Valuable Player' and Niki Torrão as the top joint goal scorer with 4 goals.

During the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification against Sri Lanka in which they won the first tie 1–0, they forfeited the second tie which awarded Sri Lanka was awarded as a 3–0 victory to Sri Lanka after Macau did not send their team for the match due to safety reasons following the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings. After a 4 years hiatus from the COVID-19 pandemic, On 26 March 2023, Macau play their first ever international matches at their own ground,Estádio Campo Desportivo against Singapore in a 1–0 defeat. On 19 June 2023, Macau travelled to Dalian, China to face Myanmar in a friendly match.

Hong Kong
The Hong Kong–Macau rivalry has been contested by Hong Kong Football Association and Macau Football Association since 1937.

FIFA suspension
In 2005 Macau was temporarily barred by FIFA from entering any international matches because of alleged undue influence of the government in forming the committee of its football association. The suspension was lifted after rectification by Macau.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Coaching history

 * 🇵🇹 João dos Santos (1996–1998)
 * 🇯🇵 Eiji Ueda (2000–2002)
 * 🇯🇵 Masataka Imai (2003–2004)
 * 🇯🇵 Masanaga Kageyama (2006–2008)
 * 🇭🇰 Leung Sui Wing (2008–2015)
 * Tam Iao San (2015–2017)
 * 🇭🇰 Chan Hiu Ming (2017–2018)
 * Iong Cho Ieng (2018–2019)
 * 🇦🇴 Lázaro Oliveira (2020–present)

Current squad
The following 20 players are selected for the matches against Taichung Futuro on 9 June 2024.

Caps and goals correct as of 02 November 2023, after the match against Myanmar .

Recent call-ups
The following players have also been called up to the Macau squad within the previous 12 months.

RET

RET Player retired from international football

Records

 * Players in bold are still active with Macau.Nicholas Torrão.JPG has been captaining Macau for a decade since 2013|343x343px]]

Head-to-head record
As of 17 October 2023 after match against

Honours

 * AFC Solidarity Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2016

title: Macau national football team


text:
Adtranz

Adtranz was a multi-national rail transportation equipment manufacturer with facilities concentrated in Europe and the US. The company, legally known as ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation, was created in 1996 as a joint venture between ABB and Daimler-Benz to combine their rail equipment manufacturing operations. In 1999, DaimlerChrysler (successor to Daimler-Benz) bought ABB's shares and changed the company's official name to DaimlerChrysler Rail Systems. The company was acquired by Bombardier in 2001, which merged it into its Bombardier Transportation division, which became the largest rail equipment manufacturer in the world at the time, and was ultimately acquired by Alstom in 2021.

Adtranz manufactured locomotives, high-speed, regional, metro and underground passenger trains, trams and people movers as well as freight wagons. Non rolling stock businesses included railway electrification and signalling infrastructure.

History
On 8 May 1995, ABB and Daimler-Benz proposed a merger of their rail industry-related activities into a single autonomous 50:50 joint venture; the combined group would be the largest rail-technology company in the world. In Germany the combined company, along with Siemens would have a duopoly or near-duopoly in the market areas of electric locomotives, mainline and regional electric and diesel multiple units, trams and metros, and catenary systems. In the EU, outside Germany, the merger would have meant no significant market share increase, including Scandinavia, where ABB had a dominant market share. The proposed merger was approved by government regulators on 18 October 1995, on the condition that both companies divest themselves of any shares in Kiepe, a traction components company. The merger came into force on 1 January 1996.

The company's manufacturing facilities and product lines were rationalised, including a standard form of car body; after 18 months manufacturing costs had been reduced by 30%, revenues and orders also rose from 1996 to 1997. However the company continued to lose money, $111 million in 1997. Polish manufacturer Pafawag was acquired in 1997 and the facility modernised, controlling interests in MÁV Dunakeszi, Hungary and Schindler Waggon Switzerland were also acquired by the end of 1997. In March 1998 Adtranz presented a set of new product brands for modular product platforms, with designs that can be adapted for the specific requirements of different customers: the Innovia guided transport vehicle, the Incentro low floor tram, the Itino diesel multiple unit, the Crusaris medium-high speed train (based on the GMB Class 71 flytoget trains), and the Octeon electric locomotive. A new diesel locomotive design with engine and electrical traction system provided by General Electric was introduced, named "Blue Tiger". Adtranz intended to consolidate its product range around these families once on-going deliveries are finished.

Adtranz continued to make an operating loss in 1998, attributed to earlier contracts with underestimated costs, as well as technical problems with products. The same year brought an order for 400 locomotives for Deutsche Bahn, as well as the acquisition of Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works.

ABB sold its 50% stake in Adtranz to DaimlerChrysler in January 1999 for $472 million, taking up a previous agreement made on the formation of the joint venture whereby DaimlerChrysler was required to purchase ABB's stake.

Adtranz finally achieved profitability in 2000, as DaimlerChrysler prepared to sell off Adtranz. The Greenbrier Companies acquired the freight wagon manufacturing business in January 2000. The overhead electrification systems installations business was sold to Balfour Beatty in late 2000 for €153 million. No buyer was found for the railway signalling division.

The remaining assets of Adtranz were sold to Bombardier, in a $711 million deal announced in August 2000, a price considered to be low by industry analysts. The sale was cleared by the European Union in April 2001 on the condition that Bombardier would license or sell the Adtranz regional train and tram products to Stadler Rail in the German market, due to the large market share of Bombardier and Adtranz in the country. The deal would make Stadler a viable independent company providing competition to Bombardier. The takeover came into legal effect on 1 May 2001 with a final price of $725 million and ADtranz was folded into the Bombardier Transportation division.

Within months of the sale, Bombardier said that it was misled about the financial situation of Adtranz. Bombardier sued DaimlerChrysler for providing misleading financial information. The companies settled in September 2004 with DaimlerChrysler agreeing to refund $209 million, making the final sale price for Adtranz just $516 million.

Brand
The brand Adtranz was created by Landor Associates as part of the corporate identity of ABB Daimler Benz Transportation. It is an acronym derived from selected letters of the complete name of the first company using it: ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation, with a z in place of an s at the end for the name to imply a complete product platform from A to Z. It was capitalised by the companies with a capital D as ADtranz, following the standard English text formatting and capitalisation rules it is spelled with a small d as Adtranz. Above the text ADtranz, the company logo included a green dot, symbolising a signal set on green, as well as the environmental friendliness of railways. The company also registered the slogan ADtranz – we speak railways. Rights on the brand and slogan were deleted in 2008 and 2007 respectively.

Products

 * Locomotives
 * E464 electric locomotive
 * Norges Statsbaner El 18 locomotive
 * Indian Railways WAP-5 (with Chittaranjan Locomotive Works)
 * DE2000 for Hellenic Railways Organisation, designated as OSE Class 220 (formerly designated as OSE A 471-496)
 * DB Class 101

 * Subway rail vehicles
 * M4 subway/elevated cars for SEPTA Market–Frankford Line, in Philadelphia
 * New York City Subway R110A subway cars
 * New York City Subway R142A subway cars
 * Washington Metro 5000-series cars (with CAF)
 * Hong Kong MTR Lantau Airport Railway Train (with CAF)
 * DBAG Class 481 for Berlin S-Bahn
 * Metro Bilbao 550 series EMUs (with CAF)
 * Madrid Metro 2000B series metro cars (with CAF)
 * Madrid Metro 6000 series metro cars (with CAF, Alstom and Siemens)
 * Athens Metro Line 1 11th-generation metro cars (with Siemens and Hellenic Shipyards)
 * Stockholm Metro C20

 * High speed trains
 * German ICE 2 high speed train
 * Swedish X 2000 high-speed train
 * Vy BM73 and Flytoget BM71 high-speed EMUs
 * Passenger trains
 * Swedish Regina intercity electric multiple units
 * Adtranz-CAF Series 6000 trains (include MTR Adtranz-CAF EMU)
 * IC3 Flexliner
 * RegioSwinger tilting train
 * NSW TrainLink Endeavour and Xplorer railcars in Australia
 * Electrostar and Turbostars in the United Kingdom
 * Queensland Rail Suburban Multiple Units and Interurban Multiple Units, Australia.
 * CPTM 2000 series EMUs (with CAF and Alstom)
 * Renfe Class 447 commuter EMUs (with CAF, Alstom and Siemens)

 * Trams
 * Eurotram
 * Flexity Outlook tram
 * Variotram
 * Incentro tram
 * ADtranz low floor trams; GT6N for Berlin, Augsburg, Frankfurt (Oder), Bremen, Nurnberg, Munich, Braunschweig, Takaoka, Okayama and Toyama
 * Light rail passenger vehicles
 * Manila LRT light rail vehicles Line 1 1100 class (with Hyundai Precision)
 * Ankara Metro Ankaray Light Metro Line A1 (with Siemens and AnsaldoBreda)
 * İzmir Metro Line 1
 * Rapid KL first-generation 6-car trains for Ampang and Sri Petaling lines (1996–2016)

 * Automated people movers
 * Innovia APM 100

Facilities inherited on foundation

 * Kalmar Verkstad (Sweden)
 * Strømmens Værksted (Norway)
 * ABB Tecnomasio
 * Vado Ligure (Italy)
 * Henschel-Werke
 * Dandenong rolling stock factory, Australia)
 * AEG Schienenfahrzeuge in Hennigsdorf (Germany)
 * Derby Litchurch Lane Works, England)
 * Sorefame (Portugal).
 * Westinghouse Transportation (Pittsburgh, PA, US) – via AEG acquisition 1988

title: Adtranz


text:
Paris (Supertramp album)

Paris is a live album by the English rock band Supertramp, released in 1980. It was recorded on Supertramp's Breakfast in America tour in Paris, France, with most of the tracks taken from a 29 November 1979 show at the Pavillon de Paris, a venue which was once a slaughterhouse. The album was originally going to be called Roadworks. Paris reached number 8 on the Billboard 200 in late 1980 and went Gold immediately, while the live version of "Dreamer" hit the US Top 20.

Background and recording
According to Roger Hodgson, Supertramp had several reasons to record a live album at the time, including a desire to introduce their pre-Breakfast in America works to USA listeners and a mutual sentiment that some of their songs were pulled off better live than in the studio. However, he admits that the chief purpose of the album was to buy time; the band was under pressure to produce a suitable follow-up to the immense success of Breakfast in America, and needed to get off the treadmill of touring and recording for a while in order to consider their direction for such an album. Taking such a breather meant the next studio album wouldn't be finished until 1981 at the earliest, and so something was needed "to fill the gap."

Using the band's mobile studio, a number of shows in Canada and throughout Europe were recorded. However, when Pete Henderson and Russel Pope presented the band with unlabeled cassettes containing rough mixes of these recordings, and the members voted on their favourite tracks, the majority of votes coincidentally fell on recordings from the 29 November show at the Pavilion. A few tracks were taken from other concerts during the band's stay in Paris, and studio overdubs were also added, chiefly for the vocals and John Helliwell's organ. However, Helliwell contended that the amount of overdubbing was minimal compared to most live albums of the time: "A lot of people, when they make a live album, just keep the drums and bass and redo everything else." Filmmaker Derek Burbidge shot the concerts in 16 mm film, missing only five songs ("A Soapbox Opera", "You Started Laughing", "From Now On", "Ain't Nobody But Me" and "Downstream") to lower expenses and give the camera crew some rest. A&M Records requested music videos out of three songs, "Dreamer", "The Logical Song" and "Asylum". Peter Clifton edited them along with Sarah Legon, and even extended his work to ten songs. However, the studio never sent an approval, so Clifton retreated back to his Sydney home and brought the negatives along to Australia.

The album's set list contains almost all of the 1974 Crime of the Century (except for "If Everyone Was Listening"), three songs from Crisis? What Crisis? (1975), two from Even in the Quietest Moments (1977), three from Breakfast in America (1979) plus "You Started Laughing", the B-side to the track "Lady" from ''Crisis? What Crisis?''. The hit "Give a Little Bit" was played on the tour but not included because, according to Hodgson, "we were shocked when we listened back to the live tapes to find how bad all the versions were. There just wasn't one version that we felt that we wanted to put on the album." Other songs that were on the tour's set list but not on the album are "Goodbye Stranger", "Even in the Quietest Moments", "Downstream", "Child of Vision" and "Another Man's Woman". All of these tracks, including "Give a Little Bit", later showed up on the second live disc included in the deluxe anniversary edition of Breakfast in America and on the 2-CD/DVD set Live in Paris '79.

Remastering and DVD release
In July 2006, the original master tapes of the album were rediscovered in the Northern California barn of the band's drummer Bob Siebenberg, along with video footage. The tapes were sent to Cups 'N Strings Studios in Woodland Hills, California, for digital remastering. The tapes were initially in bad technical shape, but were successfully transferred to a digital format.

In 2010, Clifton was contacted to finish editing the initial three videos, aiming to later release a concert film out of the Paris concert. The footage was delivered to Roger Hodgson before a concert in Sydney. Once Supertramp manager Dave Margereson and Eagle Rock Entertainment offered to cover the post-production costs, Clifton worked on finishing the film, doing his initial work in Australia. By the time he moved to London to conclude the project, Clifton found out his original idea to feature heavily footage of Paris, adding a story akin to his work in The Song Remains the Same, was nixed by the band, who edited most of what he had done without consent to instead showcase more of the group. The sound was remixed by Peter Henderson and Supertramp's original sound engineer Russel Pope from the original multi-tracks.

The concert film was released on 27 August 2012 under the title Live in Paris '79, with editions in both DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Hodgson would later express his disapproval with the finished project, saying the rest of the band made most decisions regarding the DVD without asking his input and avoiding giving correct songwriting credit to himself or Davies. The DVD was repackaged in 2015 with the full show on two CDs and correct songwriting credit on the rear packaging.

Personnel

 * Rick Davies – lead and backing vocals, acoustic and Wurlitzer pianos, Hammond Organ, ARP Omni 2 Elka and Oberheim synthesizers, Hohner Clavinet, harmonica, tambourine;
 * Roger Hodgson – lead and backing vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, pianos, synthesizers, bells;
 * John Helliwell – saxophones, clarinet, synthesizers, organ on “Ain’t Nobody But Me” and "Goodbye Stranger", percussion, backing vocals, spoken intros;
 * Dougie Thomson – bass guitars, backing vocals on "Bloody Well Right", "Fool's Overture" and "Two of Us", organ on "School", additional synthesizer on "Fools Overture";
 * Bob Siebenberg (as Bob C. Benberg) – drums, percussion, backing vocals on "Two of Us".

Production
2002 A&M reissue: The 2002 A&M Records reissue was mastered from the original master tapes by Greg Calbi and Jay Messina at Sterling Sound, New York, 2002. The reissue was supervised by Bill Levenson with art direction by Vartan and design by Mike Diehl, with production coordination by Beth Stempel.
 * Producers: Peter Henderson, Russel Pope
 * Engineers: Bernie Grundman, Peter Henderson, Russel Pope
 * Mixing: Bernie Grundman
 * Mastering: Bernie Grundman
 * Re-mastering: Greg Calbi, Jay Messina
 * Production manager: "Spy" Matthews
 * Lighting: Ken Allardyce, Tony Shepherd
 * Monitors: Ian Lloyd "Biggles" Bigsley
 * Sound System: Norman Hall, David Farmiloe, Mick Berg, Chris "Smoother" Smyth
 * Lighting System: Patrick O'Doherty, Roger Grose, Tam Smith
 * Stage System: Patrick Ampe, Van Annonson, Steve Dabbs
 * Piano technician: Edd Kolakowski
 * Projection: Gus Thomson
 * Rigging: George Packer, Jade Dearling
 * Art direction: Mike Doud
 * Design: Mike Fink
 * Cover illustration: Cindy Marsh
 * Photography: Mark Hanauer, Steve Smith
 * Liner notes: David Margereson

title: Paris (Supertramp album)


text:
Talk:Paris (Supertramp album)

Untitled
How can the 2002 CD reissue have been mastered from the original tapes if these were rediscovered in 2006? Maybe the rediscovery in 2006 is of the original mutitrack tapes, not the master tapes (with mixes, not multitracks).--200.14.108.1 (talk) 14:33, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Album track listing vs DVD track listing
There are several songs from the DVD which are not mentioned in the track listing, e.g. Even in the quitest moments, Give a little bit. --Melly42 (talk) 16:52, 31 December 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Paris (Supertramp album)


text:
Kovno Kollel

Kovno Kollel also known as Kollel Perushim of Kovno or Kollel Knesses Beis Yitzchok, was a kollel located in Kaunas, Lithuania. It was founded in 1877 by Rabbi Yisrael Lipkin Salanter when he was 67.

Kovno Kollel's purpose was the furtherance of hora'ah (expertise in deciding matters of Jewish law) and musar - by supporting and guiding exceptional Torah scholars in their development as authorities.

History
In 1877, Rabbi Yisroel ben Ze’ev Wolf Lipkin – also known as Yisroel Salanter – founded a Kollel (a yeshiva for young, mostly married, men) in the city of Kaunes (Kovno), Lithuania.

The purpose of this Kollel was to teach aspiring scholars the ways of the Musar movement (of which Lipkin was the founder), a non-Hasidic Orthodox movement that sought to emphasize ethical conduct and spiritual devotion.

The project received the blessings, and eventually the name, of the Kovno Rav and posek hador (the generation's outstanding authority in Jewish law), Rabbi Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor, the rabbi of Kovno.

Over the course of several decades the Kovno Kollel grew in size as well as reputation and came to be closely associated with the Musar movement – all of which was possible in a city with as vibrant a Jewish community as that which was found in Kovno before the Second World War.

When the Nazis invaded and occupied Kovno the Kollel suffered the same tragic fate as most of the city’s Jewish residents.

Innovations
Until 1877, yeshivas only subsidized students until they got married (at an early age). Rabbi Salanter instituted the practice of paying a small salary to married students to continue their advanced Talmudical studies. He defended this innovation because he said that he was training leaders. His argument was that the need for well-trained communal leaders mandated this drastic action. The justification was that these individuals would eventually serve the community, and it was not that because they sat and learned that they should be supported.

By 1877-1878, ten scholars had begun their full-time studies, following a curriculum which included the study of musar literature. In 1879, Rabbi Spektor became its head. Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel served as the mashgiach of the kollel. Rabbi Spektor's son, Rabbi Zvi Hirsh Rabinowitz accepted the administrative responsibilities and was one of the roshei kollel (heads of the kollel), while Rabbi Avrohom Shenker and Rabbi Finkel conducted the internal affairs. Under the latter's guidance, the book Eitz Pri was published, featuring essays by Rabbis Salanter and Spektor - including a foreword by the then lesser-known Rabbi Yisroel Meir HaKohen (the "Chafetz Chaim").

In 1880, Finkel left the kollel so he could devote himself to establishing more kollelim throughout Eastern Europe. In 1880, Spektor also left the Kollel, and Salanter's student Yitzchak Blazer became its new head. Under Blazer's direction, the kollel came to be "considered by its contemporaries as a bastion of the Mussar movement," and was attacked by the Mussar movement's opponents.

The Kovno Kollel was later transferred to Slabodka, a suburb of Kovno, where Rabbi Shimon Zvi Dubiansky was appointed rosh kollel and served there until the outbreak of World War II.

Chavrei kollel (Kollel members)

 * Rabbi Yosef Yozel Horwitz
 * Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetsky
 * Rabbi Dovid Leibowitz
 * Rabbi Chaim Rabinowitz
 * Rabbi Shmuel Leib Svei (father of Rabbi Elya Svei)

title: Kovno Kollel


text: Category:1161 deaths

title: Category:1161 deaths


text:
Remy Ong

Remy Ong (born 22 November 1978) is a Singaporean bowler and former world champion.

Remy made his name in the 2002 Asian Games at Busan as the captain for the men's team when he became the nation's only second male multiple-gold medalist in the competition's 51-year history, winning three gold medals. He developed into a national bowler at the age of 16. Remy won his first perfect game at the ATBC Championships in 1998 at the age of 20. The bowler also achieved number one status for bowling in Asia and fifth in the world in 2002 and came close to becoming the champion of the 38th AMF World Cup. In the same year, he was voted sportsman of the year. A year later, he was given the Singapore Youth Award for 2003. His crowning achievement to date is winning the singles title in the WTBA World Tenpin Bowling Championships at Busan, South Korea in 2006.

title: Remy Ong


text:
User:Qltqld

Interests: quantum theory of language, human memory and intellect, memory models in biology, quantum computation.

http://www.geocities.com/qltqld/

title: User:Qltqld


text:
User:Redux/Terms for multi-licensing

 TERMS FOR MULTI-LICENSING MY WORK ON WIKIPEDIA

I have agreed to multi-license all my work on Wikipedia under the Creative Commons license. I do however reserve the right to rescind such license in any of the following events and/or under the conditions stated below. I also reserve myself the prerrogative of editing these terms in the future as I see fit, in order to accommodate new circumstances or improve clarity and effectiveness of said terms.

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Redux

title: User:Redux/Terms for multi-licensing


text:
Shaftesbury Theatre

The Shaftesbury Theatre is a West End theatre, located in Shaftesbury Avenue, in the London Borough of Camden. It opened in 1911 as the New Prince's Theatre, with a capacity of 2,500. The current capacity is 1,416. The title "Shaftesbury Theatre" belonged to another theatre lower down the avenue between 1888 and 1941. The Prince's adopted the name in 1963.

The theatre, the last to be built in Shaftesbury Avenue, was originally intended to house popular melodramas, but has presented a wide range of productions, including Shakespeare, farce, opera, ballet and revue. Companies based at the theatre for London seasons have included the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, the Ballets Russes, Sadler's Wells Opera, Sadler's Wells Ballet, the Royal Swedish Ballet and the dance companies of Uday Shankar and Pearl Primus.

The theatre has presented many musicals that premiered on Broadway, from Funny Face in the 1920s to Pal Joey and Wonderful Town in the 1950s, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying and Hair in the 1960s, and more recently Hairspray, Memphis, Motown and Mrs Doubtfire.

The theatre was at risk of demolition in the early 1970s to make way for new roads or for commercial development, but the Save London's Theatres campaign rescued it, and it was given listed building protection in 1974. The actor, playwright and impresario Ray Cooney led a new organisation, The Theatre of Comedy, backed by a substantial group of actors and writers, which leased and then bought the theatre as a home for British comedy. The Theatre of Comedy remains (2023) the owner of the theatre, but the emphasis of programming has shifted from farces and comedies to musicals.

Early years
The theatre was designed for the brothers Walter and Frederick Melville by Bertie Crewe and opened on 26 December 1911, the last new theatre to open in Shaftesbury Avenue. The site, at the junction of Shaftesbury Avenue and High Holborn, had previously been what the theatre historians Mander and Mitchenson call "a maze of derelict property". It was originally named the New Prince's Theatre, becoming the Prince's Theatre in 1914. The original capacity of the auditorium was 2,500. The exterior is faced in terracotta and brick stone with a three-tier façade of vertically aligned windows, topped by a pillared cupola above the entrance. The New Prince's was London's first entirely steel-framed theatre, with no supporting pillars in the auditorium to obstruct the view. The original colour scheme of the auditorium was cream and gold. The Brothers Melville, who were already running the Lyceum Theatre, London, intended to continue their policy of staging popular melodramas. Early shows at the New Princes included Carlton Wallace's The Apple of Eden (1912), Arthur Shirley and Ben Landeck's Women and Wine (1912) and Walter Howard's romantic drama The Story of the Rosary, (1913), In 1913 the theatre presented a comedy, Brewster's Millions, and Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice with Frank Cellier as Shylock, but reverted to melodrama with On His Majesty's Service (1914), When London Sleeps (1915) and For England, Home, and Beauty (1915), which ran for a hundred performances.

In December 1916 Seymour Hicks took over the management, opening with a revival of Bluebell in Fairyland and then reviving The Catch of the Season (February 1917), followed by other popular favourites in his repertory. In 1919 C. B. Cochran succeeded Hicks in the management of the theatre, and in April it had a critical and box-office success with André Messager's romantic opera Monsieur Beaucaire, starring Maggie Teyte; it ran for 221 performances. From September of that year the theatre presented a sell-out eighteen-week season of Gilbert and Sullivan operas by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, returning to the West End for the first time since 1908. During the season the company presented ten Savoy operas including the first revival of the 1884 work Princess Ida.

1920s
From February 1920 Pretty Peggy, a musical, ran for 168 performances. In 1920 the perennial favourite Charley's Aunt played at the Prince's for the Christmas season. In April 1921 Sarah Bernhardt appeared in the title role of Daniel in a play by Louis Verneuil, and Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes presented a season including Petrushka, The Rite of Spring, and Les Sylphides, starring Lydia Lopokova. D'Oyly Carte returned in October 1921 for a 27-week season during which Ruddigore was seen in London for the first time since the original 1887 run. There followed Lucien Guitry, Sacha Guitry and Yvonne Printemps in a season of French plays; a musical called The Cousin from Nowhere (1923); The Return of Sherlock Holmes starring Eille Norwood; a comedy, Alf's Button, by W. A. Darlington (1924); and José Collins in a musical play by Franz Lehár (1925).

There were two further successful D'Oyly Carte seasons in 1924 and 1926; the latter attracted widespread notice for controversial new designs for The Mikado by Charles Ricketts. Sybil Thorndike appeared in Macbeth with Henry Ainley (1926), and Diaghilev's company returned for a season in 1927, with a programme that included the British premiere of Nijinska and Poulenc's Les biches (under the title The House Party). In December 1927 George Robey presented his revue Bits and Pieces. The following year Fred and Adele Astaire starred in the Gershwins' musical Funny Face, with Leslie Henson. The run was interrupted by a gas explosion in High Holborn not far from the theatre, but after the reopening the show completed a run of 263 performances. The last major production of the 1920s was a farce, A Warm Corner, starring W. H. Berry; it ran for 238 performances from December 1929.

1930s
In 1930 Berry had another substantial run of 195 performances in another farce, Oh, Daddy. For the next few years short runs and revivals predominated at the Prince's. In 1933 Charles Macdona revived Victorien Sardou's Diplomacy with an all-star cast that included Gerald du Maurier, Lewis Casson, Basil Rathbone, Margaret Bannerman and Joyce Kennedy.

During the 1934 season the Prince's featured a revival of Edward German and Basil Hood's comic opera Merrie England, which ran for 187 performances. It was followed by a revival of Sullivan and Hood's The Rose of Persia the following year – the first professional staging of the piece since the original London run in 1899–1900. It did not achieve the success of the revival of Merrie England, closing after 25 performances. In 1935 there was a rare venture into the classics, with a revival of The Alchemist. Two of Ian Hay's adaptations of Edgar Wallace stories followed: The Frog (1936, 483 performances) and The Gusher (1937, 137 performances).

A 1938 success, with 260 performances, was Wild Oats, described as "a song and laugh show" with music by Noel Gay and words by Douglas Furber. In March 1939, aiming to attract a new, younger, audience to the theatre, J. B. Priestley arranged to have his comedy When We Are Married – which had run successfully at the St Martin's Theatre at normal West End prices – transferred to the Prince's with tickets at half the usual price. Sitting Pretty (1939) was a comedy starring Sydney Howard. Towards the end of the year, Firth Shephard launched a topical revue, Shephard's Pie.

1940s
Productions during the Second World War included another Shephard revue, Fun and Games (August 1941, with a cast including Sydney Howard, Carol Raye and Richard Hearne); Wild Rose (August 1942, a revised version of the 1920 musical Sally, starring Jessie Matthews); Old Chelsea (February 1943, starring Richard Tauber), and Halfway to Heaven (December 1943, a comedy starring Howard and Bobby Howes).

Sadler's Wells Theatre being closed for the duration of the war, its opera and ballet companies toured, and in 1944 based themselves at the Prince's for London seasons. The opera season included The Bartered Bride, La bohème, Madame Butterfly, Rigoletto, The Marriage of Figaro and Cosi fan tutte; the company was led by Joan Cross, and included Peter Pears, Owen Brannigan and Rose Hill. The ballet season presented twelve works, including Coppélia, Swan Lake, Carnaval and the premiere of Miracle in the Gorbals, with choreography by Robert Helpmann and music by Arthur Bliss; the company included Helpmann, Margot Fonteyn, Alexis Rassine and Moira Shearer.

In 1945 Evelyn Laye starred in Oscar Straus's operetta Three Waltzes, and later in that year Merrie England was revived in a radically revised version by Edward Knoblock, with a cast including Heddle Nash and Dennis Noble. In 1946 the theatre staged another Shephard revue, The Shephard Show, with Hearne, Arthur Riscoe, Douglas Byng and Marie Burke. In 1947 the Prince's came under the direction of Bertram Montague though, according to Mander and Mitchenson, "the new productions were not so successful as the ballet seasons from many parts of the world and the annual pantomimes".

1950s
The next play to achieve a long run was His Excellency, a comedy by Dorothy and Campbell Christie, starring Eric Portman and Sebastian Shaw; it opened in May 1950 and ran for 452 performances. In 1951 the theatre presented seasons of dance by Uday Shankar and his Indian Dancers, Pearl Primus and her African Dance company and the Royal Swedish Ballet.

Montague's management ended in 1952. The freehold of the theatre remained in the Melville family until 1961; between 1957 and 1961 the theatre was directed by Andrew Melville. Mander and Mitchenson record that after Montague's withdrawal the theatre was "more often closed than open, though occasional seasons had their successes". The successes included Maurice Chevalier in a limited season in 1952 (presented by Jack Hylton, who had become the lessee of the Prince's) and Antony and Cleopatra from the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, with Michael Redgrave and Peggy Ashcroft in 1953. Two musicals that premiered on Broadway, Pal Joey (1954) and Wonderful Town (1955), ran for 245 and 207 performances respectively. Summer Song, a musical about and reusing music by Antonín Dvořák ran from February to June 1965. The D'Oyly Carte Company returned in 1956 and 1958, for 13-week seasons on each occasion, launching a new production of Patience during the first.

1960s
D'Oyly Carte made its last Prince's appearances in 1960–61, a nine-week season, presenting ten operas. In the early 1960s the ownership of the theatre changed hands several times. In June 1961, Hylton, who had been the lessee since November 1951, bought the theatre and adjoining property. The following August he sold the freehold to Television Wales and the West, which sold it on to Charles Clore. In September 1962 it was confirmed that a new partnership between Clore and EMI was to control the theatre. At the same time plans for renovating the theatre were announced. For two years the theatre was more often closed than open. The Stage said that the theatre had "become rather shabby, possibly because success seemed to elude it for long periods, when it remained dark and neglected". King Kong, a South African musical, ran from February to October 1961, and there were what Mander and Mitchenson describe as "several uneventful productions" until Gentlemen Prefer Blondes opened in August 1962. It was still running (and moved to another theatre) when the Prince's closed for reconstruction in November 1962.

The name "the Prince's" was dropped and replaced by "the Shaftesbury". The new owners felt that the old name was too similar to those of two other West End theatres: there were the Prince of Wales and since 1962 a new Prince Charles theatre. The old Shaftesbury Theatre, further down Shaftesbury Avenue, had closed in 1941, reduced to a ruin during the Blitz, and the owners of the Prince's adopted its name for their theatre. The old raked stage was replaced with a horizontal one, and lighting equipment described as "the last word in modernity" was installed; the seating capacity of the renovated auditorium was 1,470.

As the Shaftesbury, the theatre reopened in March 1963 with the American musical How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying which ran for 520 performances. A musical version of J. M. Barrie's The Admirable Crichton, called Our Man Crichton, with Kenneth More in the title role, played from December 1964 till June 1965.

The Shaftesbury reopened on 20 November 1965 with Twang!!, Lionel Bart's musical version of the Robin Hood story. The Times later described it as the most expensive flop in West End history to that date. The critic J. C. Trewin described the first night as "a rout" with "some fairly general booing". The show closed after 43 performances, after which the theatre was closed until October 1966, when success returned with a farce, Big Bad Mouse, originally written by Philip King and Falkland Cary, but extensively and successfully ad-libbed through by its stars, Eric Sykes and Jimmy Edwards – "two comedians abounding in their own exuberance" according to Trewin. It ran for 634 performances to April 1968.

Theatre censorship ended in Britain on 26 September 1968, and the following night the musical Hair opened at the Shaftesbury. Described as an "American Tribal Love-Rock Musical", the show contained profanity and scenes of nudity unthinkable until then. It had an exceptionally long run and was just short of its 2,000th performance when part of the theatre ceiling collapsed and the house had to be closed.

1970s
In 1973 the theatre was at risk of demolition, faced by proposals by the Greater London Council for a massive road-building programme and by a plan to build an office block on the site. Nearly twenty years earlier a campaign to preserve the St James's Theatre from demolition and commercial redevelopment had failed, despite high-profile support led by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh, but in the 1970s the campaign "Save London's Theatres" rescued the Shaftesbury (and other theatres). In March 1974 the theatre was protected by being given official grade II listed building status.

After the necessary internal repairs the theatre reopened with a well-received revival of West Side Story in December 1974. Other productions in the 1970s included a musical stage version of the BBC television series Dad's Army, starring Arthur Lowe, John Le Mesurier and Clive Dunn (October 1975 to February 1976). In September 1978 the theatre presented a revival of Hamilton Deane and John L. Balderston's 1920s dramatisation of Dracula, starring Terence Stamp, with scenic designs by Edward Gorey; it ran for three months.

1980s
They're Playing Our Song (1980–1982) starring Tom Conti and Gemma Craven was produced by the actor and writer Ray Cooney. After the end of that run and a nine-month closure Cooney presented his farce, Run For Your Wife with Richard Briers, Bernard Cribbins and Bill Pertwee. This was the first play under the banner of the Theatre of Comedy, founded by Cooney, who said, "We have the finest comedy talents in the world in this country, both performers and writers, and I could never understand why we could not create our own theatre of comedy". The Theatre of Comedy became the lessee of the Shaftesbury, and later bought the building. The company was funded by a founding group of well-known actors and authors. The intention was for the Shaftesbury to have a programme of British comedy showcasing existing and new talent.

Substantial runs in the 1980s included Shaw's Pygmalion (1984) with Peter O'Toole, Jackie Smith-Wood and John Thaw; Two into One, another Cooney farce, starring Donald Sinden and Michael Williams, and described by The Stage as masterly (1984–1986); Saturday Night Live, a revue starring Rowan Atkinson (1986), of which the reviewer in The Stage wrote, "One leaves the theatre genuinely weak from laughter"; Osborne's The Entertainer starring Peter Bowles (1986); Sondheim's Follies with an all-star cast in a 645-performance run (1987–1989); and M. Butterfly starring Anthony Hopkins (1989).

1990s
Sinden and Williams starred again in a Cooney farce, Out of Order, in 1990, which won the Olivier Award for best comedy in 1991. In 1992 the American television executive Donald L. Taffner, a shareholder in the Theatre of Comedy since 1986, became the majority shareholder and chairman of the company. Shows at the Shaftesbury in the 1990s included Kiss of the Spiderwoman (1992–93) with Chita Rivera, Brent Carver and Anthony Crivello, and Eddie Izzard in his show Definite Article (1995), of which the reviewer in The Stage wrote, "you will laugh, laugh again and continue laughing until you feel considerable physical pain. I did." A revival of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Carousel ran from September 1993 to March 1994, with choreography by Kenneth MacMillan; the sets, by Bob Crowley, were, in the view of The Times "the biggest star in Nicholas Hytner's lavish production".

In 1996–97 the theatre staged Tommy, a musical by Pete Townshend and Des McAnuff (1996–97), with Paul Keating in the title role. The production showcased the Shaftesbury's advanced technical facilities: The Stage called the production "a unique theatrical experience, with scenery that falls faultlessly into place, up, down and sideways ... superb lighting ... wonderfully balanced sound ... and immaculate projection". The musical itself was less well liked: in his Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre (2001) Kurt Gänzl comments, "London gave it the thumbs down in 11 expensive months". From May 1998 to October 1999 the Shaftesbury was host to the musical Rent, which, following a recent fashion for musicals borrowing the plots of Puccini operas, drew on that of La bohème; it starred Anthony Rapp, Adam Pascal, Jermaine Heredia and Jesse L. Martin from the original Broadway cast. It was predicted that, reflecting the spirit of the 1990s as Hair had that of the 1960s, Rent might emulate the long run of the earlier show, and there was some disappointment that it ran for less than 18 months.

2000s
A series of short-lived musicals was a feature of the first part of the decade. These included Lautrec by Charles Aznavour starring Hannah Waddingham (March to June 2000), Napoleon (September 2000 to February 2001), and Peggy Sue Got Married starring Ruthie Henshall (August to October 2001). Umoja: The Spirit of Togetherness was well received on opening in November 2001, but noise complaints from the inhabitants of the flats near the theatre resulted in the closure of the show three months later. Further short runs followed for Thoroughly Modern Millie (21 October 2003), starring Amanda Holden and Maureen Lipman; Bat Boy: The Musical (27 August 2004) by Keythe Farley, Brian Flemming and Laurence O'Keefe, starring Deven May; and The Far Pavilions (14 April 2005), starring Kulvinder Ghir; it was described by The Stage as "a galumphing great Asian white elephant of a musical".

They were followed by Daddy Cool (21 September 2006) by Frank Farian, starring Michelle Collins, Javine Hylton and Harvey Junior, and Fame: The Musical (4 May 2007) by Jacques Levy and Steve Margoshes, starring Ian Watkins and Natalie Casey of which The Times commented, "It really is difficult to find a kind word to say about Karen Bruce's production of this shockingly clumsy spin-off".

The theatre then had a long run with Hairspray: The Musical, which ran from 30 October 2007 to 28 March 2010. It was written by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman; the original cast starred Michael Ball, Leanne Jones, Mel Smith and Tracie Bennett. Later in the run Brian Conley and then Phil Jupitus succeeded Ball in the lead role.

2010s
During the decade the external façades of the theatre were renovated, and the original early-20th-century canopy was uncovered and restored. The auditorium was reconfigured, air conditioning and ventilation updates, and a fly tower with increased technical capability was constructed.

A dance production, Burn the Floor (21 July 2010), starring Ali Bastian, was followed by another musical, Flashdance (26 September). After that there was a magic show, Derren Brown – Svengali (8 June 2011). The theatre returned to musicals with Rock of Ages (27 September 2011); that was followed by a second run of Burn the Floor (6 March 2013), which was succeeded by a new musical by Tim Rice and Stuart Brayson, From Here to Eternity, (30 September 2013).

A revival of The Pajama Game (13 May 2014), which transferred from the Chichester Festival, was notable for being the first West End show to be crowd funded. It was followed by Memphis, starring Beverley Knight (22 October 2014); After a short season by a touring "magic spectacular" The Illusionists – Witness the Impossible (14 November 2015), Motown, presented the story of the Motown record label founder Berry Gordy (March 2016).

On 20 November 2019 a new musical & Juliet opened at the Shaftesbury. The run was interrupted when the COVID-19 pandemic forced West End theatres to close on 16 March 2020.

2020s
The theatre reopened on 30 June 2021 with the musical Be More Chill (30 June 2021), after which & Juliet resumed its interrupted run in September. Another American musical, Mrs Doubtfire, opened on 12 May 2023, with music and lyrics by Karey and Wayne Kirkpatrick and a book by Karey Kirkpatrick and John O'Farrell.

title: Shaftesbury Theatre


text:
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title: File:Supertramp - Famous Last Words.jpg


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Talk:Robert Klein

Untitled
Re: Robert Klein's "I Can't Stop My Leg"

Great song but... what are the lyrics??!!

Dave

RE: A NEW BOOK ABOUT THE BRONX
Hi Robert,I've been a huge fan of yours' for years... I'm also a "Baby-Boomer" & relate to your hysterical humor!!! Your witty & clever!!! I especially love "Can't Stop My Leg"! A dear friend of mine who's a fellow Bronxite has written a humorous, touching reminiscent book that takes place during the 50s & the 60s... His book is a short, good read & I thought you would enjoy it!!! The name of the book is The Projects "Life & Times in Marble Hill" by Tony Licchi Jr.. It can be purchased thru Amazon.com for $12.95 but Tony would like to gift it to you!!! If you're interested, please leave me a message & I'll leave you mine or Tony's E-mail!!! Take care & continued good health & success!!! Warm Regards, Helene Weiner Hill P.S. I'm a former singer... I sang in The Catskills, Manhattan Cabarets, L.I.clubs, The Playboy Club in N.J. & many weddings & BarMitzvahs!!! I volunteer my singing now in The Poconos where my hubby & I are retired!!! I used to go under the name Helene Michael... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.44.38.196 (talk) 18:06, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

Career
Klein had a nationally broadcasted radio program in the late 70s, early 80s: among his guests were Joan Jett & the Blackhearts & Pat Metheny. Anyone know from where this originated? I caught it in Newport, RI. 138.162.128.55 (talk) 16:54, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

Photo
Why exactly is the photo so heavily processed? There must be a free image of the man where he doesn't look like he's in Archer. --81.135.237.2 (talk) 16:16, 28 May 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Robert Klein


text:
Category talk:German philosophers

German Jews
The Jews on this list should be removed... They are not considered Germans

* Says you! They, most likely, considered themselves Germans.

Yikes. This does bring up one question I've had, namely: who is a "German" "philosopher"? Wouldn't it be easier, more pragmatic, and more inclusive to have a list (or category) of people who wrote German-language philosophy? For example, Salomon Maimon wrote very important German-language philosophy around 1800. (Kant said he was one of the only people who understood him.) But Maimon would by no means have identified himself as German: he was a Lithouanian Jew, and German was not his first language. But according to the title of this category (German philosophers), one would have to exclude this important German-language philosopher on ethnic grounds. I will hereby call for discussion on this, but I move that the category be renamed. I might actually suggest the following, as less cumbersome than "Writers of German-language philosophy"... How about "German-language philosophers"? I think that would be useful for categorizing, but also not exclusionary in unsavory ways. Universitytruth 20:23, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Links to lists
I don't see purpose, why should they are there: should be for appropriate categories, such as: Petr K 22:09, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * List of German-language philosophers
 * List of Austrian philosophers
 * List of Swiss philosophers
 * Category:Austrian philosophers
 * Category:Swiss philosophers

Was trying to do that; have now made that correction. Universitytruth 22:40, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Category:Philosophers by region
Are you sure that Germany is a region, I until recently thought that it's a state/country (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) :-) What a region do you think? Whole Central Europe? Petr K 22:34, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

This is the issue. It seems to me that what most people care about is important philosophy written in German. Whether written by someone from Heidelberg (in Germany), Koenigsberg (not in Germany, but are you going to exclude Kant?), or Lithuania (Note that no-one has included Salomon Maimon on this list) is interesting, perhaps, for various other reasons.

Do you regard Kant as a German or a Russian philosopher? Universitytruth 22:42, 5 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Do you perhaps mean Category:Philosophy by region? Category:Philosophers by region is still a redcat. ProveIt (talk) 13:31, 6 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Universitytruth 14:18, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Nietzsche
Where is Nietzsche then? Lord kavi (talk) 19:56, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Heidegger
, why have you taken the notable German philosopher Martin Heidegger off the list of German philosophers? —VeryRarelyStable (talk) 11:03, 18 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Because he is in the category . -- Ser Amantio di Nicolao Che dicono a Signa?Lo dicono a Signa. 12:34, 18 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Category talk:German philosophers