text:
Talk:Foreign relations of Vanuatu

The first line here seems a bit outdated to me; I presume relations with Vietnam and Cuba are mentioned because of their (still) Communist status, but why is Russia included?

 * It doesn't need to be there

Proposed WikiProject - Bilateral relations
There is now a upstart WikiProject to establish a concensus about WP's International bilateral relations articles, including "X-Y (country) relations" articles, at Centralized discussion/Bilateral international relations. Interested parties should add their names at WikiProject International relations/Bilateral relations task force if they wish to play a part in the discussions or have an Interest in this going forward. Thank you for your attention. CaribDigita (talk) 23:47, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

Vanuatu, West Papua, anticolonialism and enough One China
It would be nice if the article mentioned (at least) the Vanuatu's pattern of support for anti-colonialist struggles and indigenous rights. The government has consistently supported OPM against Indonesia. OPM has an office in Vila, its only foreign representation in the Pacific, as far as I know. I think it took a similar stand on Timor. This is linked to the independence movement's role in founding the Vanuatu state (also barely mentioned in the main article).

It would also be nice if the minor flap over the recognition of Taiwan were reduced in proportion to the overall article. All in all, it was resolved in a few weeks, right?

 * Add content if you think it is notable, not because you think it would be "nice" Kransky 10:52, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

The issue of relations with China is part of a much broader regional issue. See: Sino-Pacific relations. Aridd (talk) 10:44, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Diplomatic missions of Vanuatu
Oppose merger of this article with Foreign relations of Vanuatu. There are two types of articles and they are used for all countries. No reason to change this for Vanuatu. Kransky 10:52, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Why was a Diplomatic Trade Mission of Vanuatu removed by Kransky???

For your information, I live 1 kilometer from this mission. Please check my IP.

 * Hi there. We do not include trade offices, honorary consulates and the like in these articles.  Otherwise for many countries the number of consulates would be excessive and very difficult to maintain.  You are probably referring to the Vanuatu honorary consulate

on 2181 Paraiso Street. Kransky

OpposeThe are two different type of articles. I think its better to keep them separate. Ijanderson (talk) 12:55, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

Reworking the article
There's a book in French by Elise Huffer, Grands hommes et petites îles, which deals in detail with Vanuatu's foreign policy, including its support for anti-colonial struggles and its early affirmation of an independent rather than exclusively pro-Western foreign policy (unlike most Pacific Island countries until recently). I may rewrite this article accordingly when I have time, but I'm not sure how to start - i.e., how to re-order things, adding new information and a new structure without removing what's already there. Aridd (talk) 10:43, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Done. Aridd (talk) 12:19, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

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Concrete Rose

Concrete Rose is the fourth studio album by American singer Ashanti, released on December 14, 2004, by The Inc. Records and Def Jam Recordings. In addition to working with frequent collaborators Irv Gotti, Chink Santana, and 7 Aurelius, Ashanti also enlisted new collaborators Malcolm Flythe, Jimi Kendrix, and Demi-Doc, to assist. The album features guest appearances from rappers T.I., Ja Rule, and Lloyd.

The album debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 in the United States, with first-week sales of 254,000 units. Outside the United States, the album was less successful, with its strongest ranking being in the top 20 in Japan and the top 30 of the UK Albums Chart. Critical reception to the project was mixed, with most deeming the album unoriginal. Nonetheless, the album did receive a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and gained gold status in Japan and the United Kingdom.

Concrete Rose was preceded by lead single "Only U", which received positive reviews and reached the top-twenty in several countries. The album and its promotion was vastly overshadowed by the legal troubles that faced The Inc. and Gotti, who was arrested on money laundering charges only a month after Concrete Rose's release. As a result, Def Jam severed ties with The Inc. in May 2005, and refused to promote the album's second single "Don't Let Them", which only charted moderately in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

Background
Following the success of her sophomore studio album Chapter II, Ashanti confirmed in November 2003 that she had begun planning her third studio album, due to be out in mid-2004. In February 2004, Ashanti said the album had "a new sound, a new flavor", and said she wanted "to touch on more topics that I didn't touch on with the first and the second record." She also confirmed that she had already recorded three songs for the album. By July, Ashanti confirmed she had already finished the record, and planned its release for November.

Singles and promotion
The song "Turn It Up", featuring rapper Ja Rule, was initially released as the lead single off the album. However, it was downscaled to a buzz single after The Inc. decided to release "Only U" as Concrete Rose's lead single instead. The song, released on October 26, 2004, reached the top ten of several countries, including Ireland (#4), Japan (#), and the United Kingdom (#2); the song also reached the top twenty in Germany (#12), New Zealand (#14), Switzerland (#12), and the United States (#13).

The album was largely overshadowed by the legal issues surrounding Murder Inc./The Inc. and its head, Irv Gotti. In January 2003, during recording of Chapter II, the offices Murder Inc. were raided during an investigation into Gotti's ties to gangster Kenneth McGriff. In November, Murder Inc. changed its name to The Inc., in an attempt to distance the company from its several controversies. Between November 2004 and January 2005, Gotti, McGriff, and several employees and associates of The Inc. were arrested on charges of money laundering, racketeering, and murder, regarding to the killing of rapper E-Money Bags. In April 2005, Ashanti chose "Don't Let Them" to be the second single from the album. The single failed to chart in the United States; however, charted moderately well in Ireland (#41) and the United Kingdom (#38).

Critical reception
Concrete Rose received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 47, based on 10 reviews, which indicates "mixed or average" reviews. Andy Kellman from Allmusic found that "disregarding the ill-suited standards, an Ashanti album is always good for a handful of strong singles, as Concrete Rose helps indicate [...] it's no better or worse than her 2002 debut or 2003's Chapter II, with the standout singles, decent album cuts, and filler fluff provided in equal doses." USA Today journalist Steve Jones found that with Concrete Rose Ashanti "sticks closely to her usual formula of engaging beats and airy vocals [...] Still, she is consistent enough to make this Rose bloom full time." Nicholas Tayor from PopMatters called the album "a decent, 54-minute collection of mostly mid-tempo tracks by a decent R&B singer." Billboard noted that "a more confident-sounding Ashanti is onboard for her third time out. Powered by sensual lead single "Only You," Concrete Rose contains several other equally rhythmic jams."

Hattie Collins, writing for The Guardian, found that "Ashanti doesn't stray from the R&B rulebook that has so far seen her sell some 7m albums in the US alone – namely a hip-hop backdrop of hard-knock beats tempered by a soul-lite vocal [...] A lack of originality and too much filler mark Ashanti more as a pedestrian than the princess she purports to be." Steve Appleford from the Los Angeles Times wrote that Ashanti and Concrete Rose sound "trapped, sapped of strength and ideas, and buried beneath all the worst cold and calculated production tendencies of her label [...] What follows is modern R&B; formula at its most flat and uninspired. For all her lovesick panting, pleading and purring, Ashanti is never emotionally engaged with the songs, which aren't worth the trouble anyway." Entertainment Weekly's Raymond Fiore remarked that "the thin-voiced vixen's third disc bruises both genres with a slew of mostly midtempo clunkers built with her weapons of choice: faux grit and forced sensuality." In his review for Slant Magazine, Sal Cinquemani wrote: "Ashanti is incapable of doing slinky or sexy and, despite her incessant attempts at vamping, she can't all-out sing either – she's even upstaged by a Hammond organ."

Chart performance
During the week of Christmas, Concrete Rose debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 254,000 units. On the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums chart the album debuted at number two where it spent a total of 28 consecutive weeks on the chart. On January 14, 2005, the album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for one million shipped units. By April 2008, the album had sold 871,000 copies, according to Nielsen Soundscan. In total, it remained on the Billboard 200 albums chart for 20 consecutive weeks.

Elsewhere, Concrete Rose debuted or peaked at number 16 in Japan, number 25 in the United Kingdom, number 36 in Germany, and number 65 in Canada. In Japan, the album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ). In the United Kingdom, it also peaked at number four on the UK R&B Albums chart and was eventually certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

Track listing
Notes Sample credits
 * $undefined$ denotes additional producer
 * "Message to the Fans (Skit)" contains samples from "Why You Treat Me So Bad" by Club Nouveau, written by Denzil Foster, Jay King, Jocelyn McElroy, and Thomas McElroy.
 * "Don't Let Them" contains interpolations of "Could I Be Falling In Love" by Syl Johnson, written by Willie Mitchell, Yvonne Mitchell, Earl Randle, and Lawrence Seymour.
 * "Love Again" contains an interpolation of "Fuck Faces" by Scarface featuring Too Short, Tela, & Devin the Dude, and written by Devin Copeland, Mike Dean, Brad Jordan, Winston Rogers, and Todd Shaw.
 * "U" contains interpolations of "Freek'n You (Mr. Dalvin's Freek Remix)" by Jodeci featuring Raekwon and Ghostface Killah, written by Donald DeGrate.
 * "Turn It Up" contains a sample from "Short Eyes", written and performed by Curtis Mayfield.

Personnel

 * 7 Aurelius – vocals, background vocals, producer, associate executive producer, instrumentation
 * Won "Engineer to the Stars" Bee Allen – engineer
 * Chuck Amos – hair stylist
 * David Ashton – engineer
 * Ashaunna Ayars – marketing
 * Jerry Barnes – bass guitar
 * William Barnes – guitar
 * Erica Bowen – recording director
 * Milwaukee "Protools King" Buck – engineer
 * Al "Boogie" Carty – bass
 * Robin Clark – executive assistant
 * Tom Coyne – mastering
 * Kenneth Crouch – keyboards
 * Ashanti Douglas – executive producer
 * Tinya Y. Douglas – management
 * Tony Duran – photography
 * Easy Mo Bee – drum programming, beats
 * Malcolm Flythe – producer
 * Stephen George – mixing
 * Irv Gotti – producer, executive producer, mixing
 * Deidre Graham – marketing
 * Terry "Murda Mac" Herbert – assistant engineer
 * Bashiri Johnson – percussion
 * Gavin "YG" Johnston – assistant engineer
 * Terese Joseph – A&R
 * Jimi Kendrix – producer

 * Darcell Lawrence – production executive
 * Trevor Lawrence – drums
 * Selan Lerner – keyboards
 * Jerome Leventhal – management
 * Chris "Gotti" Lorenzo – A&R
 * Tammy Lucas – background vocals
 * Deborah Mannis-Gardner – sample clearance
 * Glen "It's Crazy" Markazi – engineer, mixing
 * Josh McDonnell – assistant engineer
 * Demetrius McGhee – organ, strings, bass guitar, keyboards, producer, instrumentation
 * Rosie Michel – stylist
 * Fred Moore – A&R
 * Karen Moskowitz – photography
 * Rick Patrick – creative director
 * Tenisha Ramos – marketing
 * Bill Sample – Hammond organ
 * Chink Santana – producer
 * Adam Scheurmann – engineer, assistant engineer
 * Paul Silveira – engineer
 * Todd "Shortma" Simms – A&R
 * Quinshae Snead – personal assistant
 * Rob Stefanson – assistant engineer
 * Supa Engineer "Dura" – mixing
 * Laura Tamburino – art producer
 * Errol "Breezie" Jr. Vaughn – A&R
 * Andy West – art direction

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Concrete Rose


text: Talk:Concrete Rose

title: Talk:Concrete Rose


text:
Royal Christmas message

The King's Christmas message (or The Queen's Christmas message in a queen's reign, formally as His Majesty's Most Gracious Speech, and informally as the Royal Christmas message) is a broadcast made by the sovereign of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms to the Commonwealth of Nations each year at Christmas. The tradition began in 1932 with a radio broadcast by King George V via the British Broadcasting Corporation's Empire Service. The message is broadcast on television, radio, and the Internet via various providers. It is usually broadcast at 15:00 GMT on Christmas Day. Unlike some other speeches, such as the King's Speech at the State Opening of Parliament which is written by the government, the Christmas speech is a personal message written by the monarch with input from spouses and direct advisors.

History
The idea for a Christmas message from the sovereign to the British Empire was first proposed by the founding director-general of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), John Reith, in 1922 when he approached King George V about making a short broadcast on the newly created radio service. The King declined, however, believing that radio was mainly an entertainment. Reith approached the King again ten years later, in 1932, as a way to inaugurate the Empire Service (now the World Service) and the King finally agreed after being encouraged to do so by Queen Mary and Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald. That year, King George V read the first Royal Christmas message, which was scripted by Rudyard Kipling; the King was originally hesitant about using the relatively untested medium of radio, but was reassured after a summertime visit to the BBC and agreed to carry out the concept and read the speech from a temporary studio set up at Sandringham House. The 1934 Christmas broadcast was introduced from Ilmington Manor by 65-year-old Walton Handy, a local shepherd, with carols from the church choir and the bells ringing from the town church, and reached an estimated 20 million people in Australia, Canada, India, Kenya, South Africa and the United Kingdom. While his brother, King Edward VIII, abdicated just before his first Christmas as king, King George VI continued his father's Christmas broadcasts; it was in his 1939 reading delivered in the opening stages of the Second World War that he uttered the famous lines: "I said to the man who stood at the Gate of the Year, 'Give me a light that I may tread safely into the unknown.' And he replied, 'Go out into the darkness, and put your hand into the Hand of God. That shall be to you better than light, and safer than a known way.'"

For many years, the King's speech came at the end of an hour-long broadcast of greeting from various parts of the British Empire and Commonwealth which typically included interviews with ordinary people of many occupations such as an innkeeper in an English village, a miner in South Africa, and a lifeguard in Australia with the King's speech serving as a bond tying the Commonwealth together. George's daughter and successor, Queen Elizabeth II, delivered her first Christmas message from her study at Sandringham House, at 3:07 PM on 25 December 1952, approximately ten months after her father's death. Five years later, the message was broadcast on television for the first time. It has been an annual television broadcast every year since, with the exception of 1959 and 1963 when the Queen was heavily pregnant; and 1969: that year, no message was given because a special documentary film, Royal Family, had been produced during the summer in connection with the investiture of the Prince of Wales. It was therefore decided not to do a broadcast at Christmas, but the Queen issued a written message instead.

Until 1996, the Christmas broadcast was always produced by the BBC; the monopoly was ended when it was announced that, from 1997, the message would be produced and broadcast alternately by the BBC and its main rival, Independent Television News (ITN), with a biennial rotation. It was reported by The Daily Telegraph that this decision was made after the BBC decided to screen an interview with Diana, Princess of Wales, on its current affairs programme Panorama. This was denied by Buckingham Palace which said the new arrangements "reflect the composition of the television and radio industries today". Beginning in 2011, Sky News was added to the rotation.

Sky News recorded the Queen's Christmas message for Christmas 2012, the Queen's Diamond Jubilee year, and for the first time it was recorded in 3D. Buckingham Palace was reported to have stated: "We wanted to do something a bit different and special in this Jubilee year, so doing it for the first time in 3D seemed a good thing, technology wise, to do."

Under the reign of Queen Elizabeth II, the themes and direction of the speeches were decided by the Queen and the text was largely written by the Queen herself, sometimes with assistance from her husband Prince Phillip and her staff. In the later years of her reign, the speeches became more personal and religious in tone. Her son and successor, King Charles III, reportedly writes the script of his Christmas messages himself without input from staff.

Traditionally, the message begins with the British national anthem God Save the King (or Queen), (except for 1968, 1986–2000, 2002, and 2007 in which it ended the message).

Broadcast
The message typically combines a chronicle of that year's major events, with specific focus on the Commonwealth of Nations, and with the sovereign's own personal milestones and feelings on Christmas. It is one of the few instances when the sovereign speaks publicly without advice from any ministers of the Crown in any of the monarch's realms. Planning for each year's address begins months earlier, when the monarch establishes a theme and appropriate archival footage is collected and assembled; the actual speech is recorded a few days prior to Christmas.

Timing:

 * On the internet, as in the United Kingdom, broadcast of the King's Christmas message is embargoed until 15:00 GMT on 25 December.
 * New Zealand is the first country in the Commonwealth to broadcast the message over the airwaves, at 18:06 local time (5:06 am GMT) by Radio New Zealand on RNZ National, then again at 18:50 by Television New Zealand on TVNZ1.
 * In Australia, the message is broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation at 15:20 local time (5:20 am to 8:20 am GMT, depending on the time zone).
 * In Canada, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts the message generally at noon local time on CBC Television (3:30 pm to 8 pm GMT depending on the time zone), and at 11:50 am local time on CBC Radio One and CBC Music. Some private stations such as CTV also carry the speech.
 * Outside of the Commonwealth, C-SPAN in the United States airs the King's message at times that vary depending on the network's schedule. No American radio station airs the broadcast, although some areas bordering Canada can receive it via the CBC.

Edward VIII
No message as he abdicated prior to what would have been his first Christmas on the throne.

Similar messages elsewhere
In 1931, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands delivered her first Christmas message on the airwaves, which was also broadcast to the Dutch East Indies, Suriname and the other Dutch West Indies via shortwave radio station PCJJ. During the reign of her daughter Juliana, the Royal Christmas message was to become an annual tradition.

The Pope delivers a Christmas message to the world and heads of state of other countries have adopted the tradition of a message at Christmas, including the King of Sweden, the King of the Belgians, the President of Germany, and the King of Spain beginning in 1975.

Others have modified the practice by issuing a statement to coincide with the New Year; this is done by the Governors-General of Canada and New Zealand, the King of Denmark, the King of Norway, the King of Thailand, the Presidents of China, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, and the Russian Federation, as well as the Chancellor of Germany. The Archbishop of Canterbury, spiritual leader of the Anglican Communion, also gives a New Year's Day speech. The British Prime Minister issues a short Christmas message and the Prime Minister's New Year message which extensively reflects on the last year and the governments intentions in the new year.

The Prime Minister of Canada records a short Christmas greeting.

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia makes speeches on his official birthday in June and on National Heroes Day in July, while the Prime Minister of Malaysia also makes speeches not only on New Year's Day but also on the night of Eid ul-Fitr and on the eve of Independence Day. The Prime Minister of Singapore gives his speech on this occasion and on the National Day of Singapore. In the past, the Governor of Hong Kong, as the representative of the British monarch, played this role; the tradition was carried on by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong upon the territory's transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997.

The President of the United States also gives out Christmas messages as part of the President's Weekly Address. Some of these messages come out within a few days before Christmas or on Christmas Day. The president may also give a Christmas message to soldiers serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. The opposition party may also give out their Christmas messages as part of their response to the President's weekly address. In addition, beginning in 1986, US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev exchanged televised New Year's Day addresses to the other's respective nations. This exchange continued between President George H. W. Bush and Gorbachev until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

title: Royal Christmas message


text:
Firgas

Firgas is a town and a municipality in the northern part of the island of Gran Canaria, in the Province of Las Palmas, in the Canary Islands. Its population is 7,628 (2013), and its area is 15.77 km². Firgas was founded in 1488, and it is situated in the mountains, 13 km west of Las Palmas. The town, which is located in a green and rural zone, is also known as the balcony of the Atlantic, as it provides good views of the northern coast of the island. Bottled water is produced in the town.

The town
The central square, which has a church and town hall, is called San Roque. Important attractions are the different squares, and the Paseo de Gran Canaria, where a 30 m waterfall, as well as relief models of the different islands have been laid out.

Location
Firgas is located in the north of the island of Gran Canaria, 28 kilometres from the island's capital.

It borders the municipalities of Moya, Valleseco, Teror and Arucas.

With an area of 15.77 km2, Firgas is the smallest municipality on the island of Gran Canaria.

The municipal head is located at 465 m. The municipality has no exit from the sea, being its minimum altitude of 41 m located at a point in the ravine of Quintanilla, on the municipal boundary with Arucas. The highest point of Firgas is reached at 967 meters above sea level on the Pico de Osorio.

Climate
The municipality of Firgas has a dry semi-arid cold climate, according to the Köppen classification.

The average annual temperature is 17.8 °C, the hottest month being August at 21.8 °C and the coldest January at 14.4 °C.

As for rainfall, Firgas registers an average of 268 mm per year, with the rainiest months being November and December with 54 mm, and the driest months being July and August with 1 mm.

title: Firgas


text:
Talk:Gallerie dell'Accademia

Comments
Decided to start a page on this fantastic gallery of Venetian art. I used a pre-existing broken link to start it. I did not want to cause confusion with the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence so I figured this would be as good a way as any. If anyone does read this maybe you can offer any advice or criticism (constructive please) either here or on my talk page. I am particularly keen to know if it would be worthwhile listing the major works on display of the artists listed and whether I should list any of the other artists on display. I decided against being too detailed because the external link does give an excellent tour of the gallery.rturus 17:14, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

list of the major artworks in the gallery would be useful. (Anon.)

Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia
The institution is titled the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia. The Wikipedias article on the Metropolitan Museum of Art isn't titled The Met.The page Accademia would serve better as a disambiguation of all the Accademie in Italy that have individual articles.

Anyone object to this change? Anyone competent to make the change? --Wetman (talk) 23:59, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree with your suggestion. Fixing up all the links pointing to this article is going to be quite some work, though. Any takers? Algae (talk) 09:20, 4 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Well, I'm happy do the work. However, that is not the name of this gallery. It is the name of the state or public art academy of Venice, for which I have now created a minimal stub. This gallery is called the Gallerie dell'Accademia. I suggest moving it to that title. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 01:13, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

Move request

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was moved. --BDD (talk) 21:45, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

Accademia → Gallerie dell'Accademia – It's the name of the gallery, and is already used in the article text. As already discussed on the talk-page, the present title simply means "academy", and would be better used as a disambiguation page for the many dozens of Italian institutions whose names begin with that word (see List of academies of fine art in Italy for a small selection of them). There is some possibility of confusion of the proposed name with the Galleria dell'Accademia of Florence, which should be dealt with by hatnotes, as already in place in both articles. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 01:32, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's policy on article titles.

 * Support not WP:PRIMARYTOPIC and natural disambiguation available. In ictu oculi (talk) 07:10, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Support per nom and In ictu. Any dab page for "Accademia" should, however, highlight both the Florence and Venice institutions at the top, as they are the two most likely targets for "Accademia" in English. Dohn joe (talk) 17:45, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose Something like "Accademia, Venice" is normal for references in art history, as the equivalent of "National Gallery, London". The proposed name is just too close to Galleria dell'Accademia (Florence), and will increase rather than reduce confusion. Johnbod (talk) 19:41, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Having plain "Accademia" as the title for the Venetian institution is already confusing for the large number of people expecting to find the Florentine institution. Because "Accademia" refers relatively equally to both, it should be the title of neither. An alternative could be Accademia (Venice) and Accademia (Florence), with Accademia being a dab page. Would that help address the concerns over confusion? Dohn joe (talk) 19:52, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I think it would. I see German, Dutch etc do this, though others do various alternatives. Johnbod (talk) 19:57, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * alternative proposal: Johnbod's point seems a valid one to me. But I don't believe that those would be good titles, as they are routinely used to refer to the Accademia (Venice) and the Accademia (Florence). If city names are to be included then I would suggest Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence and Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice, which would have the advantage of including the actual names of those two galleries; omitting the word "galleria" would be a bit like having that other article at National, London, I think. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 20:13, 9 July 2013 (UTC)
 * I don't really mind that, although as I implied in my previous post, the "galleria/e" is normally omitted in usage in art history, for the Venice Accademia just like the Florence Uffizi, which just means "offices" btw,(and possibly Accademia, not sure), and unlike the National Gallery. Johnbod (talk) 21:14, 9 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Support as a no-brainer. Also support 'Accademia' becoming a dab page, as I feel no separate dab would be necessary, given the generic nature of the word (in Italian, of course). --  Ohc  ¡digame!¿que pasa? 02:57, 10 July 2013 (UTC)
 * OK, I probably messed up by putting an alternative proposal above; but just to get it clear for whoever ends up closing this, is your support for the original proposal, the alternative, or generic? Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 00:18, 12 July 2013 (UTC)

 * note: I've started a disambiguation page at Accademia (disambiguation), with the idea that if this move goes ahead, it could then be moved to the present title. Justlettersandnumbers (talk) 00:18, 12 July 2013 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

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title: Talk:Gallerie dell'Accademia


text:
Scaphites

Scaphites is a genus of heteromorph ammonites belonging to the Scaphitidae family. They were a widespread genus that thrived during the Late Cretaceous period.

Morphology
Scaphites generally have a chambered, boat-shaped shell. The initial part (juvenile stage) of the shell is generally more or less involute (tightly coiled) and compressed, giving no hint of the heteromorphic shell form yet to come. The terminal part (adult stage) is much shorter, erect, and bends over the older shell like a hook. They have transverse, branching ribs with tubercles (small bumps) along the venter.

Reconstructions of the body within the shell can be made to portray Scaphites as either a benthic (bottom-dwelling) or planktonic animal, depending on where the center of gravity is located. Since useful fossils of the soft-body parts of cephalopods are highly rare, little is known about how this animal actually fit into its shell and lived its life.

Age
Because Scaphites and its relatives in the superfamily Scaphitoidea are restricted to certain ages of the Cretaceous (ca. 144 to 66.4 million years ago), they are useful in some areas as an index fossil. A notable example is the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway in North America, in which several endemic lineages of scaphite species evolved and now serve as the basis for a highly resolved regional biostratigraphy.

Species

 * Scaphites binneyi † Reeside, 1927
 * Scaphites carlilensis † Morrow, 1935
 * Scaphites depressus † Reeside, 1927
 * Scaphites ferronensis † Cobban, 1951
 * Scaphites frontierensis † Cobban, 1951
 * Scaphites hippocrepis † DeKay, 1827
 * Scaphites impendicostatus † Cobban, 1951
 * Scaphites leei † Reeside, 1927
 * Scaphites nanus † Reeside, 1927
 * Scaphites nodosus †
 * Scaphites obliquus † J. Sowerby, 1813
 * Scaphites preventricosus † Cobban, 1951
 * Scaphites tetonensis † Cobban, 1951
 * Scaphites uintensis † Cobban, 1951
 * Scaphites warreni † Meek and Hayden, 1860
 * Scaphites whitfieldi † Cobban, 1951

Distribution
Fossils of Scaphites have been found in Antarctica, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories), Denmark, France, Germany, Greenland, India, Italy, Japan, Madagascar, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wyoming).

title: Scaphites


text:
Harold Stirling Vanderbilt

Harold Stirling Vanderbilt CBE (July 6, 1884 – July 4, 1970) was an American railroad executive, a champion yachtsman, an innovator and champion player of contract bridge, and a member of the Vanderbilt family.

Early life
He was born in Oakdale, New York, the third child of William Kissam Vanderbilt and Alva Erskine Smith. To family and friends he was known as "Mike". His siblings were William Kissam Vanderbilt II and Consuelo Vanderbilt.

His maternal grandfather was Murray Forbes Smith. As the great-grandson of the shipping and railroad tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt, he was born to great wealth and privilege; as a child he was raised in Vanderbilt mansions, traveled frequently to Europe, and sailed the world on yachts owned by his father. His nephew, Barclay Harding Warburton III, founded the American Sail Training Association.

Vanderbilt was educated by tutors and at private schools in Massachusetts, including St. Mark's School, Harvard College (AB 1907), and Harvard Law School, which he attended from 1907 to 1910.

Career
After Harvard Law, he joined the New York Central Railroad, the centerpiece of his family's vast railway empire, of which his father was president.

On his father's death in 1920, Harold inherited a fortune that included the Idle Hour country estate at Oakdale, New York (on Long Island) and equity in several railway companies, including Detroit, Toledo & Milwaukee Railroad, the Genesee Falls Railway, the Kanawha and Michigan Railway, the Kanawha and West Virginia Railroad, the New Jersey Junction Railroad, the New York Central Railroad, the New York and Harlem Railroad and the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad.

Following the death of his brother William in 1944, he remained the only active representative of the Vanderbilt family involved with the New York Central Railroad. He served as a director and member of the executive committee until 1954, when the New York Central was subjected to a hostile takeover by business tycoon Robert R. Young. Young committed suicide four years later.

World War I
Vanderbilt nearly lost his yacht, the Vagrant, on Britain's entry into the First World War. The British competitor for the 1914 America's Cup, Shamrock IV, was crossing the Atlantic with the steam yacht Erin, destined for Bermuda, when Britain declared war on Germany on August 5, 1914. The British crews received word of the declaration of war by radio. As the commodore of the New York Yacht Club, Vanderbilt sent the Vagrant from Rhode Island to Bermuda to meet the Shamrock IV and Erin, and to escort them to the US. Meanwhile, among the first things done in Bermuda on the declaration was to remove all maritime navigational aids. The Vagrant arrived on the 8th. Having no radio, the crew were unaware of the declaration of war and finding all of the buoys and other navigational markers missing, they attempted to pick their own way in through the Narrows, the channel that threads through the barrier reef. This took them directly to the fore of St. David's Battery, where the gunners were on a war footing and opened fire. This was just a warning shot, which had the desired effect. The Shamrock IV and Erin arrived the next day. The America's Cup was cancelled for that year.

In March 1917, Vanderbilt was commissioned a lieutenant (junior grade) in the United States Naval Reserve. When the United States entered World War I, he was called to active duty on April 9, 1917, and assigned as commanding officer of the scout patrol boat USS Patrol No. 8 (SP-56), which operated out of Newport, Rhode Island. He was reassigned on July 20 to command the Block Island, Rhode Island, anti-submarine sector and on November 17 the New London, Connecticut, sector. While at Block Island, one of his subordinates was Chief Machinist Mate Harold June who would go on to serve as a pilot with Commander (later admiral) Richard E. Byrd's 1929 Antarctic Expedition. June was one of four men who were aboard the first aircraft to fly over the South Pole. Upon Vanderbilt's reassignment, the officers and men of the Block Island sector presented him with an engraved naval officer's sword as a token of their esteem. The sword is now displayed at the Marble House in Newport.

On July 17, 1918, he was reassigned to the US Navy forces in Europe and reported to Submarine Chaser Detachment 3 at Queenstown, Ireland, in August. He served with Detachment 3 until the unit was disbanded on November 25, 1918 – shortly after the Armistice was signed. He was placed on inactive duty December 30, 1918, and was promoted to lieutenant on February 26, 1919, retroactive to September 21, 1918. He was discharged from the Naval Reserve on March 26, 1921.

Sailing career
As a boy, Harold Vanderbilt spent part of his summers at the Vanderbilt mansions—the Idle Hour estate in Long Island, New York, on the banks of the Connetquot River; Marble House at Newport, Rhode Island; and later at Belcourt, the Newport mansion of his stepfather, Oliver Belmont. As an adult, he pursued his interest in yachting, winning six King's Cups and five Astor Cups at regattas between 1922 and 1938. He served as commodore of the New York Yacht Club from 1922 to 1924. In 1925, he built his own luxurious vacation home at Palm Beach, Florida, that he called "El Solano". (John Lennon, formerly of the Beatles, purchased it shortly before his 1980 murder.)

Vanderbilt achieved the pinnacle of yacht racing in 1930 by defending the America's Cup in the J-class yacht Enterprise. His victory put him on the cover of the September 15, 1930, issue of Time magazine (see image above). In 1934 Harold faced a dangerous challenger from the United Kingdom, Endeavour, owned by the aviation pioneer and industrialist Thomas Sopwith. Endeavour won the first two races but Vanderbilt's Rainbow then won four races in a row and successfully defended the Cup. In 1937 he won again in Ranger, the last of the J-class yachts to defend the Cup. He was posthumously elected to the America's Cup Hall of Fame in 1993.

In the fall of 1935, Harold began a study of the yacht racing rules with three friends: Philip Roosevelt, president of the North American Yacht Racing Union (predecessor to US Sailing); Van Santvoord Merle-Smith, president of the Yacht Racing Association of Long Island Sound; and Henry H. Anderson. "The four men began by attempting to take the right-of-way rules as they were and amending them. After about six weeks of intensive effort, they finally concluded that they were getting exactly nowhere.  It was the basic principles, not the details, that were causing the problems.  They would have to start from scratch."

In 1936, Vanderbilt, with assistance from the other three had developed an alternative set of rules, printed them, and mailed a copy to every yachtsman that he knew personally or by name in both the United States and England. These were virtually ignored, but a second edition in 1938 was improved, as were following versions. Vanderbilt continued to work with the various committees of the North American Yacht Racing Union until finally in 1960 the International Yacht Racing Union (predecessor to the International Sailing Federation or ISAF) adopted the rules that Vanderbilt and the Americans had developed over the previous quarter century.

Bridge
Vanderbilt was also a card game enthusiast. In 1925, while on board SS Finland, he originated changes to the scoring system through which the game of contract bridge supplanted auction bridge in popularity. Three years later he endowed the Vanderbilt Cup awarded to the winners of the North American championship (now the Vanderbilt Knockout Teams, or simply "the Vanderbilt", one of the North American Bridge Championships marquee events). In 1932 and again in 1940 he was part of a team that won his own trophy; it remains one of the most prized in the game. Vanderbilt also donated the World Bridge Federation Vanderbilt Trophy, awarded from 1960 to 2004 to the winner of the open category at the quadrennial World Team Olympiad, and since 2008 to the winner of the corresponding event at the World Mind Sports Games.

Vanderbilt invented the first, which he called the "Club Convention" but which has since become more usually known as the Vanderbilt Club. The strong club, or forcing club, family of has performed exceptionally well in world championship play. He wrote four books on the subject.

Vanderbilt, Ely Culbertson, and Charles Goren were the three people named when The Bridge World inaugurated a bridge "hall of fame" in 1964 and they were made founding members of the ACBL Hall of Fame in 1995.

In 1969, the World Bridge Federation (WBF) made Vanderbilt its first honorary member. In 1969, he became a WBF Honorary Member, and was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 1964. In 1941, he was made ACBL Honorary Member of the Year and won the Wetzlar Trophy in 1940.

He won the North American Bridge Championships twice and the Vanderbilt twice, the first in 1932 and the last in 1940. He was a runner-up at the North American Bridge Championships and during the Vanderbilt in 1937.

Later life
In 1930, after a property dispute with the Town of Palm Beach, Florida, Vanderbilt moved several miles south to an undeveloped area called Manalapan, where he purchased 500 feet of oceanfront property and built a mansion called Eastover. In 1931, he filed papers to incorporate the Town of Manalapan and became the Town's first mayor, serving from 1952 until 1966. He was a town councilman for 32 years and was called "mayor emeritus" when he retired from public service. In 1934, his sister, Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan, built her own mansion on Hypoluxo Island, across the water from Eastover.

In addition to sailing, Vanderbilt was a licensed pilot, and in 1938 he acquired a Sikorsky S-43 "Flying Boat".

At the outbreak of the Second World War, Vanderbilt's yachts Vagrant and Vara, which was under construction, were seized by the United States Navy. The Vagrant was designated as YP-258 and later as PYc-30. Navy official Edmond J. Moran met with Vanderbilt in New York, to present him with a check for $300,000 as compensation for the Vara. Upon receiving the check, Vanderbilt signed it over to the USO, so the money could be used to benefit servicemen. The Vara was completed, renamed as the USS Valiant, and designated as PC-509 (later as PYc-51).

Personal life
Vanderbilt married Gertrude Lewis Conaway, of Philadelphia, in 1933. They had no children.

Death and burial
Harold Stirling Vanderbilt died on July 4, 1970. Ironically, this was only two weeks after the Penn Central Railroad, successor to the New York Central Railroad, had declared bankruptcy (on June 21, 1970). He and his wife are interred at Saint Mary's Episcopal Cemetery in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, their graves marked with only simple flat stones. It is uncertain why he chose to be buried in Rhode Island rather than in the Vanderbilt family mausoleum on Staten Island. It is noteworthy, however, that he is buried in the same cemetery as his business rival Robert R. Young.

Legacy
Harold Vanderbilt had a keen interest in the success of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, founded in 1873 through the financial sponsorship of his great-grandfather. A longtime member of the university's Board of Trust, he served as its president between 1955 and 1968. He helped guide the institution through a time in history when racial integration of the student body was a divisive and explosive issue. In 1962, Vanderbilt attended one of the first meetings of the Vanderbilt Sailing Club and provided funding for the club to purchase its first fleet of dinghies, Penguins. The university annually offers several scholarships named in his honor, and on the grounds in front of Buttrick Hall, an approximately sixteen foot tall statue of Vanderbilt, designed by sculptor Joseph Kiselewski, was erected in his honor in 1965.

In 1947, Vanderbilt was invested as an honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) by King George VI. The letters patent conferring the honor on him (signed by Queen Mary in her capacity as grand master of the order) and the insignia of the order are on display in the Trophy Room at the Marble House summer estate in Newport, Rhode Island.

In 1963, Vanderbilt assisted the Preservation Society of Newport County in acquiring Marble House in Newport, Rhode Island, which his mother had sold more than 30 years earlier. Their bid was successful, and the property was converted into a museum that has been open to the public since the mid-1960s and holds documents and artifacts related to his life.

A sailing drink, Stirling Punch, was named in Vanderbilt's honor.

Vanderbilt's private railroad car, New York Central 3, was renovated and has operated luxury charter trips at the rear of regularly-scheduled Amtrak and Via Rail Canada trains.

Vanderbilt was inducted into the National Sailing Hall of Fame in 2011. He was inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 2014.

Publications

 * Contract Bridge: Bidding and the Club Convention (New York and London, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1929), 251 pp.
 * With "Laws of Contract Bridge, 1927, reprinted by permission of ... the Whist club: pp. 207–36."

 * The New Contract Bridge: Club Convention Bidding and Forcing Overbids (Scribner, 1930), 333 pp.
 * Enterprise: The Story of the Defense of the America's Cup in 1930 (Scribner, 1931), 230 pp.
 * "Contract by Hand Analysis: a synopsis of 1933 club convention bidding" (The Bridge World, 1933), 165 pp.
 * On the Wind's Highway: Ranger, Rainbow and Racing (Scribner, 1939), 259 pp.
 * The Club Convention System of Bidding at Contract Bridge, As Modernized by Harold S. Vanderbilt (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1964), 160 pp.

title: Harold Stirling Vanderbilt


text:
Centro de Enseñanza Técnica Industrial

The Centro de Enseñanza Técnica Industrial (Technical and Industrial Teaching Center), or CETI, is a public, decentralized and federal educative institution in Guadalajara, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico.

CETI is a university involved in the formation of professionals in technology, with self-initiative, quality and skills appropriate in generating and applying technology and innovation. It also promotes research and offers technological services in strategic areas for the development of the industrial sector in the region.

There exist three campuses in Guadalajara's Metropolitan Zone: Plantel Colomos, in the Fraccionamiento Providencia, Plantel Tonalá, in the Municipio de Tonalá and Plantel Rio Santigo in the Fracc. Urbi Paseos de Santiago II, also in the Municipio de Tonalá.

Currently it offers several degrees using the French-based Technologist Educative Model Tecnólogo, and various degrees in engineering (with specializations).

Technologist degrees
In Campus Colomos:

 * Tecnólogo en Desarrollo de Software (Software Development)
 * Tecnólogo en Control Automático e Instrumentación (Automatic Control and Instrumentation)
 * Tecnólogo en Construcción (Urban Building)
 * Tecnólogo en Electrónica y Comunicaciones (Electronics and Communications)
 * Tecnólogo en Electromecánica (Electromechanics)
 * Tecnólogo en Máquinas-Herramienta (Machine Tools and Machining)
 * Tecnólogo en Mecánica Automotriz (Automobile Mechanics)
 * Tecnólogo Químico en Fármacos (Medicine Processing and Manufacturing)

In Campus Tonalá:

 * Tecnólogo en Desarrollo de Software (Software Development)
 * Tecnólogo en Calidad Total y Productividad (Total Quality Control and Productivity)
 * Tecnólogo Químico Industrial (Industrial Chemistry)
 * Tecnólogo Químico en Alimentos (Food Processing and Manufacturing)
 * Tecnólogo Químico en Fármacos (Medicine Processing and Manufacturing)
 * Tecnólogo en Desarrollo Electrónico (Electronics Development and Design)

In Campus Rio Santiago:

 * Tecnólogo en Desarrollo de Software (Software Development)
 * Tecnólogo en Calidad Total y Productividad (Total Quality Control and Productivity)

Engineering degrees
In Campus Colomos:

 * Ingeniería Industrial (Industrial Engineering)
 * Ingeniería Mecatrónica (Mechatronics Engineering)
 * Ingeniería en Diseño Electrónico y Sistemas Inteligentes (Electronic Design and Intelligent Systems Engineering)
 * Ingeniería en Desarrollo de Software (Software Development Engineering)
 * Ingeniería Civil Sustentable

In Campus Tonalá:

 * Ingeniería Bioquímica (Biochemical Engineering)
 * Ingeniería en Desarrollo de Software (Software Development Engineering)

title: Centro de Enseñanza Técnica Industrial