text:
User talk:Cuyaya

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 17:51, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Image source
Thank you for uploading Image:Solen5.jpg. Its copyright status is unclear, so it may have to be deleted. Please leave a note on the image page about the source of the image. Thank you.

Image:Pinusoccidentalis.jpg
Thank you also for uploading Image:Pinusoccidentalis.jpg; unfortunately it is a copyrighted photo and cannot be used on Wikipedia without infringing the copyright holder's rights. If you have the copyright holder's written permission to use the photo here, please indicate so on the image page. Thank you - MPF 01:05, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Dominican War of Independence
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Dominican War of Independence, but we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. Perhaps you would like to rewrite the article in your own words. For more information about Wikipedia's policies and guidelines, take a look at our Five Pillars. Happy editing! NatusRoma 4 July 2005 06:24 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Leonelfer.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Leonelfer.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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List of ethnic slurs
Could you please provide supporting citations for your additions to the List of ethnic slurs article. I am especially suprised by "Minoplis" - that an English phrase be used for Haitians in the DR. Thank you  Guettarda 00:00, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Semi-automated template substitution

 * This page was modified to semi-automatically substitute templates using Pathoschild's template list. // Rory 0 96 02:27, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Juan luis guerra Photo
HI, I put the juan luis guerra photograf in the spanish wikipedia. Can you say me if you had taken this foto or if it has free license.

Answer here or in espanish wikipedia in my discusion Tazguy00

Image Tagging Image:Coronel.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Coronel.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Image Tagging for Image:Juan_bosch.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Juan_bosch.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 18:58, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Sanchez francisco del rosario.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Sanchez francisco del rosario.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

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Image Tagging Image:Juanboschgavino.jpg
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If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

Additionally, please indicate the rationale for how this qualifies as fair use, and please do not subst image copyright tags. Stifle (talk) 17:08, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Franciscocaamano.jpg
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User talk:Shyam Bihari
I reverted your swearing to Shyam's page. Please note WP:NPA policy on personal attack. Thanks, Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 08:15, 2 June 2006 (UTC).

 * You can check my userpage and see what you think of my contribs.Blnguyen | Have your say!!! 04:15, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

Message of sympathy!
OK, so you shouldn't have sworn but you do have my sympathy on this issue - it's happened to me lots of times. You do your utmost to trace the origin of an image (even getting the permission of others who have used it) and STILL they delete it! What more can we do? I can only conclude that Wiki-admin must be petrified of litigation (sounds like they have the US mindset, the US being a country which seems to be paralysed by fear of litigation) or that they might be traffic wardens/cops in real life, hence their love of slapping a "ticket" on our contributions, lol!! ;-)) I do try and explain that terms such as 'GFDL' & 'GNU' mean nothing to me (even when I look them up to see what they mean!) so quoting this at me doesn't help - we need real practical assistance on this issue, which I never seem to get - just warnings and deletions. Any Wiki-adminners out there who are able to speak to us dodos in 'layman's terms' please - it would help?! Jaycey 11:51, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Have pity on me!! http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Essjay&diff=prev&oldid=2327167  (Think I'll be avoiding Wikimedia in the future!)  :-((  Jaycey 23:05, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:DRshield.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:DRshield.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently specifies that the image can be used under a fair use license. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful.

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Unspecified source for Image:DRshield.jpg
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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kimchi.sg 05:11, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Brangelina.jpg
Please provide a more comprehensive explanation for your public domain licensing for the picture Image:Brangelina.jpg you recently uploaded. Sloan21 17:12, 28 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I take from your answer that the picture is indeed mislabeled. However, if these images were released by a Dominican group with the specific intent to make them widely available and giving up any copyright for them, I have no objections to show it at all. I would actually urge you to upload all four pictures to Wikimedia Commons. You could use the PD-release tag, if you write a licencing explanation like you did on my talk page. Sloan21 23:15, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

"Place Vandalism Here"
Regarding difficult editors, "Welcome to WELSHopedia" -- I too (User:Wikid77) have faced contentious edits from the difficult one, with 10 articles twice re-formatted, for peculiar changes contrary to a standard format documented months ago for hundreds of year-articles. Some people pride themselves on "31,500" Wikipedia edits, as they "save time" ignoring what other people are discussing and coordinating... Aware there is no way to stop IP-address users, it does no good to try to force anyone to cooperate, but perhaps create a new article of the topic, or later, reverse the peculiar changes for long-term coordinated results. WP is a good case study in psychopathic behavior, and quite valuable in that regard, as a look at current human realities in "civilized" nations: there is great potential to learn to "dodge and weave" when dealing with others. -Wikid77 06:22, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Bridgwayi.jpg
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Image tagging for Image:Sohlogo.jpg
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Non-free use disputed for Image:Jbalaguer.jpg
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Possibly unfree Image:Brangelina.jpg
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Image source problem with Image:Burgal&co.jpg
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Santo Domingo Metro
Muchas de las referencias que use para crear el articulo Santo Domingo Metro son periodicos como el Diario Libre Y Listin Diario de la Republica Dominicana, crees deberia ponerlos o buscar otras mejores referencias?EdwinCasadoBaez 14:50, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Muchas Gracias EdwinCasadoBaez 23:40, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Sohlogo.jpg
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Image:Jfpg1.jpg listed for deletion
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Fair use rationale for Image:Jbalaguer.jpg
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Image:Rd$.jpg
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Image:Porfiriorubirosa.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Fcosanchez.jpg
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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 23:09, 1 November 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. -- RG2 23:09, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Image:Coronelcaamano.jpg
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Unspecified source for Image:Erikekman.jpg
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Image:Mvllosa.jpg
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Image:LeonelfernandezUN.jpg listed for deletion
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Image:Bridgwayi.jpg listed for deletion
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:GeorgesDR2.jpg)
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Greetings!
Hi Cuyaya: I've got Ridgway's Hawk on my watchlist, so noticed the updates you've done recently. Are you actually in the DR? If so, I hope you and yours came through the hurricane OK—sounds like it was pretty nasty down there! MeegsC | Talk 10:18, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:GeorgesDR2.jpg
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:GeorgesDR2.jpg
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February 2008
Hi, the recent edit you made to Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thanks. · AndonicO  Hail!  12:24, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Brigadaplus.jpg
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Image copyright problem with Image:Picoduartemap.jpg
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Platanoinundado.jpg)
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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Cuyaya


text:
Friendship Bridge (Brazil–Paraguay)

The Friendship Bridge (Puente de la Amistad, Ponte da Amizade) is an arch bridge connecting the Brazilian city of Foz do Iguaçu and the Paraguayan city of Ciudad del Este.

History and importance
The bridge was opened to traffic on 27 March 1965. The space between the main arch is 290 m. The bridge itself is 552.4 m long.

The bridge is very important to the economies of both Foz do Iguaçu and Ciudad del Este.

BR-277 begins immediately after the end of the bridge in the Brazilian side, and National Route N° 7 in the Paraguayan side.

Smuggling
The Friendship Bridge is a major point for smuggling in the region, with Brazilians coming to purchase goods from Paraguay as Paraguay does not impose tariffs on foreign goods. Brazil has been imposing stricter border security to try and crack down on it.

title: Friendship Bridge (Brazil–Paraguay)


text:
Talk:Super FX

Stub?
Does anybody else think this article shouldn't be considered a stub anymore? As far as I know that is all the info on the Super FX and Super FX 2 chips in the article. Anybody else's opinion?

 * It could use more information on the hardware specs, as well as details on Mode 7 capabilities. Andre ( talk )A| 18:48, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Mode 7 is on the SNES hardware, not the super FX, or can superFX layer backgrounds as well? De-stubbing. 65.12.0.56 00:56, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

More information from the 'esnes' SNES emulator author (1997); I spoke with him almost 10 years ago, the information is still on the web: http://www.snakeyes.org/docs/files/fx.txt (more informaticon could be retrieved via ZSNES/Snes9x emulators source code) User:faragon 22:27, Dec 22, 2006 (UTC+1)

Mario RPG
Isn't Mario RPG a Super FX game? I distinctly remember the game having the signature 2 extra connectors on the bottom, but I don't remember if the game was billed as a Super FX game in it's advertising campaign.

 * Mario RPG has a Nintendo SA-1 chip. No superfx here. --Snarius

List of Super NES enhancement chips
This article misses some info in List of Super NES enhancement chips. 104.228.101.152 (talk) 23:06, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Super FX


text:
User talk:Adam McMaster

Looking for Wikipedians for a User Study
Hello. I am a graduate student in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Minnesota. We are conducting research on ways to engage content experts on Wikipedia. Previously, Wikipedia started the Adopt-a-User program to allow new users to get to know seasoned Wikipedia editors. We are interested in learning more about how this type of relationship works. Based on your editing record on Wikipedia, we thought you might be interested in participating. If chosen to participate, you will be compensated for your time. We estimate that most participants will spend an hour (over two weeks on your own time and from your own computer) on the study. To learn more or to sign up contact KATPA at CS dot UMN dot EDU or User:KatherinePanciera/WPMentoring. Thanks. KatherinePanciera (talk) 02:03, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

All I did was make the discography look less cluttered. All the chart information can be found in the individual articles, if you look at most discographies for other artists, they are similar. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Egg Creations (talk • contribs) 23:39, June 26, 2008

Oxford Wikimania 2010 and Wikimedia UK v2.0 Notice
Hi,

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Addbot (talk) 23:46, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Turkish Bob
Hi Adam, You're right to ask peculiar anonymous editor to back off about Bob's Turkish grandmother, but I have (in same Talk section) provided WP:RS when I wrote: Some Dylan biographers have queried this info. In The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia, Michael Gray writes:
 * (Abraham Zimmerman's) mother, Anna, who had also moved to Hibbing, and lived for some years with Bob’s Uncle Maurice, moved into a nursing home way down in St. Paul and died there of arteriosclerosis on April 20, 1955. She had outlived her husband by almost 20 years. Her death certificate, with the information supplied by Uncle Maurice, confirmed that she’d been born in Odessa. Dylan contradicts this, writing in Chronicles Volume One of visiting her when she still lived in Duluth: she ‘had only one leg and had been a seamstress. She was a dark lady, smoked a pipe... [Her] voice possessed a haunting accent—face always set in a half-despairing expression. . . .She’d come to America from Odessa... [but] Originally she’d come from Turkey, sailed from Trabzon, a port town, across the Black Sea.. Her family was from Kagizman, a town in Turkey near the Armenian border, and the family name had been Kirghiz. My grandfather’s parents had also come from that area... My grandmother’s ancestors had been from Constantinople.’

I, personally, would be happy to drop Turkish granny because all evidence says Abraham Zimmerman's family came from Odessa. But when I dropped it, over-enthusiastic Turkish editors added OTT version of Bob's Turkish ancestry, so I thought if Turkish ancestry has to be there, it ought to be accurately sourced to Chronicles. Mick gold (talk) 17:41, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Ah, I didn't read that quote in detail. Whether it's true or not, I think the article is fine the way it's written now. "In his autobiography Chronicles: Volume One, Dylan writes..." – we're stating that he wrote it, not that it's necessarily true. Adam McMaster (talk) 18:16, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

Lightmouse date scripts

 * I see you operate date script written by Lightmouse> A discussion at Lightmouse's house may be of interest to you. Ohconfucius (talk) 09:51, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

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Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

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File:TracklistWhiteSpace.png listed for deletion
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title: User talk:Adam McMaster


text:
User talk:LennyValentin

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 17:55, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
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title: User talk:LennyValentin


text:
Punaluu

Punaluu or Punaluu may refer to:

 * Punaluu, in Hawaii County, Hawaii
 * Punaluu, Hawaii, in Honolulu County, Hawaii
 * Punalu'u Beach, in Hawaii County, Hawaii
 * Punaluu Kahawai, in Hawaii County, Hawaii

title: Punaluu


text:
Francesco Berni

Francesco Berni (1497/98 – 26 May 1535) was an Italian poet. He is credited for beginning what is now known as "Bernesque poetry", a serio-comedic type of poetry with elements of satire.

Life
Berni was born 1497 or 1498 in Lamporecchio (Tuscany).

His father Nicolò was a doctor of a long-established Florentine family, but excessively poor. At an early age he was sent to Florence, where he remained until his nineteenth year and wrote a pastoral play, Catrina. In 1517 he set out for Rome, in the service of Bernardo Dovizi, Cardinal Bibbiena. After the cardinal's death (1520), he was thrown on his own devices. At the time of the election of Adrian VI he circulated witty lampoons, for which he was obliged for a time to leave Rome. Later he returned to accept a situation as clerk or secretary to Gian Matteo Giberti, datary to Clement VII. The duties of his office, for which Berni was in every way unfit, were exceedingly irksome to the poet, who, however, made himself celebrated at Rome as the most witty and inventive of a certain club of literary men, who devoted themselves to light and sparkling effusions.

So strong was the admiration for Berni's verses, that mocking or burlesque poems have since been called poesie bernesche. About the year 1530 he was relieved from his servitude by obtaining a canonry in the cathedral of Florence. In that city he died in 1536, according to Romantic tradition poisoned by Duke Alessandro de Medici, for having refused to poison the duke's cousin, Ippolito de' Medici; but considerable obscurity rests over this story.

Works
Berni stands at the head of Italian comic or burlesque poets. For lightness, sparkling wit, variety of form and fluent diction, his verses are unsurpassed. Perhaps, however, he owes his greatest fame to the recasting (Rifacimento) of Matteo Maria Boiardo's Orlando innamorato. The enormous success of Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso had directed fresh attention to the older poem, from which it took its characters, and of which it is the continuation. But Boiardo's work, though good in plan, could never have achieved wide popularity on account of the extreme ruggedness of its style.

Berni undertook the revision of the whole poem, avowedly altering no sentiment, removing or adding no incident, but simply giving to each line and stanza due gracefulness and polish. His task he completed with marvellous success; scarcely a line remains as it was, and the general opinion has pronounced decisively in favour of the revision over the original. To each canto he prefixed a few stanzas of reflective verse in the manner of Ariosto, and in one of these introductions he gives us the only certain information we have concerning his own life. Berni appears to have been favorably disposed towards the Reformation principles at that time introduced into Italy, and this may explain the bitterness of some remarks of his upon the church. The first edition of the Rifacimento was printed posthumously in 1541, and it has been supposed that a few passages either did not receive the author's final revision, or have been retouched by another hand.

The success of Berni's Rifacimento was so great that the original text by Boiardo fell into oblivion for three centuries. Only in the nineteenth century did Anthony Panizzi discover in the British Museum Library the authentic Orlando Innamorato and publish it. A partial translation of Berni's Orlando was published by W.S. Rose in 1823.

Legacy
Streets in Florence, Empoli, Pietrasanta, Varese and Verona have been named via Francesco Berni after him.

title: Francesco Berni


text:
Talk:Security Service of Ukraine

History of the organization
This is "history" page on the official site of SBU. First, it says "March 25, 1992 - the official date of the establishment of the Ukrainian special service. On this day, the Verkhovna Rada adopted the Law on the Security Service of Ukraine.". This is not 20 September 1991, as said on our page. Secondly, the history section of our page begins from 1918, when it was a different state and a different organization. In particular, All-Ukrainian Cheka was a completely different organization. I am not sure providing such history was a good idea, although providing this as "Background" might be OK. My very best wishes (talk) 02:46, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Security Service of Ukraine


text: User talk:65.25.66.168

title: User talk:65.25.66.168


text: User talk:67.81.14.13

title: User talk:67.81.14.13


text:
User talk:Aaron Brenneman/Gallery of Socialist Realism

to what extent can the architecture be called socialist realist? I was always told that it is "Stalinist architecture". Although most of the buildings listed include socialist realist sculptures, I'm not sure if they can actually be called socialist realist architecture??? Mozzerati 17:56, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure about the English usage, but in Poland the Soc-realism is usually described as a style of its own, much like baroque or renaissance. Thus it includes all types of art, from painting to sculpture and from poetry to architecture.

 * As to the architecture - it is a mixture of monumentalism with some decorative elements. If you are still living in Warsaw - just take the tube and go to Plac Konstytucji - that's one of the most notable examples of Soc-Realism in Warsaw. BTW, how about that beer? :) [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 20:29, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Another idea: how about moving this gallery to commons? The commons have upgraded to a newer version of wiki and create quite decent galleries automatically, with all pics being the same size... check my personal gallery there to see what I mean. [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 20:32, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares
I was always sure that the original of the sculpture stands in Tretyakov Gallery, not "in the United Nations". Can you controvert my point of view? :) Loony-bean 15:11, 12 May 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:Natalya

{|
 * style="width:75%"|

Good morning/afternoon/evening/time of your choice! I'm Natalya, it's very nice to meet you. After having used Wikipedia as an unfailing resource for years, I joined as an editor in December of 2004 and started actively contributing in January of 2006. It is something I thoroughly enjoy - I hope you do too! Enjoy your travels around the encyclopedia; I look forward to editing with you.

 * style="width:25%"; align="center"; valign="top"|

de:Benutzer:Natalya ar:مستخدم:Natalya

title: User:Natalya


text: User talk:66.157.33.46

title: User talk:66.157.33.46


text:
Volume (disambiguation)

Volume is the quantity of space an object occupies in a 3D space.

Volume may also refer to:

Physics

 * Volume (thermodynamics)

Computing

 * Volume (computing), a storage area with a single filesystem, typically resident on a single partition of a hard disk
 * Volume (video game), a 2015 video game by Mike Bithell
 * Volumetric datasets (3D discretely sampled data, typically a 3D scalar field), which can be visualized with:
 * Volume rendering
 * Volume mesh
 * Isosurface
 * The Volume, the soundstage in the StageCraft on-set virtual production visual effects technology

Publishing

 * Volume (bibliography), a physical book; the term is typically used to identify a single book that is part of a larger collection, but may also refer to a codex
 * Volume (magazine), a 1990s UK music magazine
 * Volume Magazine, quarterly architecture magazine
 * Volume! The French Journal of Popular Music Studies, an academic journal

Music

 * Volume may refer to a sound level assessment, such as:
 * Amplitude
 * Loudness
 * Dynamics (music)
 * The Volumes, a 1960s American musical group
 * Volumes, an American progressive metalcore band

Other uses

 * Volume (finance), the number of shares or contracts traded in a security or an entire market during a given period of time
 * Volume (film), a 2012 short film directed by Mahalia Belo

title: Volume (disambiguation)


text: User talk:68.225.114.176

title: User talk:68.225.114.176


text: Category:570 deaths

title: Category:570 deaths


text: User talk:81.204.158.218

title: User talk:81.204.158.218


text: Category:523 births

title: Category:523 births


text:
Talk:Propaganda film

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This article is the subject of an educational assignment at University of Massachusetts Amherst supported by the Wikipedia Ambassador Program during the 2011 Q3 term. Further details are available on the course page.

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This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2019 and 17 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Achan467. Peer reviewers: Zrazzak.

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Untitled
What about Fahrenheit 9/11? I know it's controversial, and although I share his view, it fits the definition.. Samohyl Jan 18:03, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it's unarguably an attempt to convince people of a specific politial point, and it certainly uses "appeal to one's emotions", but it's less clear that "it includes significant and deliberate falsehoods, and/or omits so many pertinent truths that it becomes highly misleading". Given the pejorative sense of the term "propaganda", it is difficult to apply the term in an NPOV way, especially when the work is not government-sponsored.  I note that Category:Propaganda films has no description, which makes it almost impossible to determine whether it applies. Bovlb 16:24, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Your comment is very typical of Wikiganda. By insisting that a film be "government-sponsored," you define the term narrowly around your own perspective in order eliminate anything you don't like. If you are able to place Farenheit 9/11, with its blatant falsehoods, outside the definition of propaganda, then the term has no meaning, and the topic should be eliminated.Scott Adler 00:26, 21 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It is not a requirement for propaganda that "it includes significant and deliberate falsehoods, and/or omits so many pertinent truths that it becomes highly misleading". Certainly the makers of US WWII propaganda films included in the article had no intent to include "deliberate falsehoods."  They were fighting as honestly as they knew how to save the planet from fascism, and I believe were quite right in doing so.  Moore, for good or ill, is a master of the propaganda film, and there is no good reason to exclude Farenheit 9/11.  Plazak (talk) 13:48, 5 August 2008 (UTC)

Birth of a Nation
A propaganda film is a film, often a documentary, produced for the express purpose of propaganda: convincing the viewer of a certain political point.

Birth of a Nation was not produced for this purpose. It was used by the Ku Klux Klan to recruit, but reinvigorating the Klan would've been a very hard to achieve goal, even though it was achieved. To state that Birth was created for Klan indoctrination is a falsehood. I was thinking of removing the reference, but instead I think I'll edit to keep the reference but explain Griffiths purpose. Ud terrorist 21:45, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Important Points
During the time of the motion picture not only was propaganda being used but also racism was going on! Clearly racism has been a probelem since the 1800's. When the emancipation proclamation and slave codes went into effecct whites have treated the balcks wrong so when movie making came along they found they can take their anger on them out and express to other people how afican american's are a bad race of people. The African Americans also made there own movies too and expressed their points and in a way motion pictures had an effect on black history month. It is not only African americans that get desctimated against it seems to be who ever America is fighting against at the time ex. world war II the bad guys were German, Now the villains are arabs ever since 9-11. People make mistakes and they do things wrong but we shouldnt knock down a whole race of people because someone with in there race made a wrong choice or bad decisoin. Thank you for taking the time to read this and if you have any other questions feel free to ask. ~ annonomyous

 * Perhaps, then, the terrorists deserve a free ride? No movies about their culture, or why they turn to violence? I've seen Arab culture up close, and it is incredibly tribal and violent. But we shouldn't say that in film because it would make them sad? Scott Adler 00:26, 21 July 2007 (UTC)

How about the movie Obsession?
It is being shown on college campuses across the country and uses a lot of propaganda tools such as fear, stereotyping (the cover of the movie has a barbaric desert looking man on it) and this movie is controversial because some call it Islamaphobic. Interestingly enough, it is also being promoted a lot by pro-Israeli groups in America and on college campuses by Republicans. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.99.124.228 (talk) 02:14, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

???
I don't understand this line: For more discussion of propaganda and some examples of it in short films from the United States, see the 10-volume CD-ROM collection Our Secret Century. For a satirical subversion of the United States military's 1960s propaganda regarding the safety of radioactive materials, see The Atomic Cafe. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.109.27.20 (talk) 21:59, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

I, too, find that line quite strange...it sounds more like an advertisement than something encyclopedic. Something more appropriate would be "Several documentaries have been made concerning United States propaganda films, such as bla-bla-bla,", but perhaps simple omission would be more appropriate. Thoughts, anyone? StoryMakerEchidna (talk) 22:49, 18 July 2011 (UTC)

Great Article!
I think so far your article is really good. You've provided a great introduction which is straight to the point and the body of the article contains so many great examples. The only thing I would suggest is to maybe include a section showing the effects of these propaganda films on the population. If you're able to find any studies on the topic that could be really useful information. Keep up the great work! Kellilivingston (talk) 18:57, 29 October 2011 (UTC)

Hey! Your article looks really good so far! Your topic is so interesting! After reading it the only thing I was wondering about is in the history section, what specific events or people influenced the making of the propaganda films? Like what agenda these specific films had? Just a thought. I also think maybe adding a section on the effects these propaganda films have on the viewer might be fitting. Great work! I look forward to seeing the final product :) Sabrina.roy (talk) 05:55, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

Scriptgeek, your recently added section, "The War on Terror," featured films that were not truly propaganda films, with the exception of Fahrenheit 9/11. United 93 and World Trade Center feature 9/11 but are not controversial or biased in such a way to impact the viewer's perception of the ensuing war. Additionally, your language was vague, repetitive, too subjective for Wikipedia, and the content too narrow for what the page is. The information you added to the Propaganda film page would better fit on each film's respective page after it's cleaned up and fleshed out. Though you used a source to reference each film, the section was very light on content, with only the example that the directors did not show the towers being struck, and was more related to filmmakers' right to creative license than the propagandistic content of the films. Oliver Stone is certainly a controversial filmmaker, but you would have done better to reference JFK if you wished to use him as a general (not War on Terror) example of a propaganda or conspiracy film. Additionally, I changed the section title to reflect what content you had, which dealt more with depictions of the attacks on 9/11 than the War on Terror.ACRCali (talk) 20:14, 6 November 2011 (UTC).

Scriptgeek, regarding the last page undo- you still need to give examples that contain actual content that can be viewed in the film and/or referenced, not your opinion or chalking it up to the director's prerogative. One's prerogative or individual viewpoint does not constitute propaganda as a standalone. If the director was actively trying to sway the masses or a specific group to take on a particular view, like your Michael Moore example, (and the filmic devices, techniques or specific examples are cited) then it's propaganda. Everyone has opinions and desired goals and all films reflect that. That doesn't make all films propaganda tools. Often it just means they're playing to what the audience wants to make more money. ACRCali (talk) 17:09, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

Climate change section
I'm not sure that I want to get in a conversation about anything climate change in Wikipedia, but this section is at minimum poorly sourced and at worst, orginial research with a point of view.
 * As of the moment, there is no citation on the An Inconvenient Truth sentence. "Somewhat" is a qualifying weasel word to "sensational."
 * There's nothing in the citation for The Age of Stupid to identify it as a propaganda film. I'm not as familiar with WP regs as I could be, but it seems like originial research to me.
 * The BBC part is referenced to a citation by Christopher Booker, who is known to misrepresent climate change. He is even listed as having a point of view in WP's article on him.  There is nothing in this article to indicate that.

None of these are citations to scholarly works on propaganda films as well. Olin (talk) 15:41, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

Types of rhetoric used and the effects they have
When I approached this page there was not very much information about the tools employed in propaganda film to make them a successful use of propaganda. I have begun with making the sub heading of rhetoric as a kind of blanket word that can include all the different forms of rhetoric such a juxtaposition, Demagoguery, etc. While looking through the talk page it appears much of the this article has been deleted and change from its current form. I have found it can be slightly difficult on this article to try and not include information that had already been written on similar pages like "History of Propaganda". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Charkings (talk • contribs) 23:35, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Propaganda film


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Talk:Advantages and disadvantages of pesticides and biological control in agriculture

This is an improper subject heading, as it does not link to anything else. It should only exist as a sub-heading link under Agriculture, Pesticides, Biological Control.

 * Giving a quick skim read, the content is quite similar to Biological pest control, perhaps they can be merged? quercus robur 19:25, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)


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Pickup (music technology)

A pickup is a transducer that captures or senses mechanical vibrations produced by musical instruments, particularly stringed instruments such as the electric guitar, and converts these to an electrical signal that is amplified using an instrument amplifier to produce musical sounds through a loudspeaker in a speaker enclosure. The signal from a pickup can also be recorded directly.

The first electrical string instrument with pickups, the "Frying Pan" slide guitar, was created by George Beauchamp and Adolph Rickenbacker around 1931.

Most electric guitars and electric basses use magnetic pickups. Acoustic guitars, upright basses and fiddles often use a piezoelectric pickup.

Magnetic pickups
A typical magnetic pickup is a transducer (specifically a variable reluctance sensor) that consists of one or more permanent magnets (usually alnico or ferrite) wrapped with a coil of several thousand turns of fine enameled copper wire. The magnet creates a magnetic field which is focused by the pickup's pole piece or pieces. The permanent magnet in the pickup magnetizes the guitar string above it. This causes the string to generate a magnetic field which is in alignment with that of the permanent magnet. When the string is plucked, the magnetic field around it moves up and down with the string. This moving magnetic field induces a current in the coil of the pickup as described by Faraday's law of induction. Output voltage depends on the instrument and playing style and which string(s) are played and where on the string, but for example, a Samick TV Twenty guitar played on the bridge measured 16 mV RMS (200 mV peak) for one string and 128 mV RMS (850 mV peak) for a chord.

The pickup is connected with a patch cable to an amplifier, which amplifies the signal to a sufficient magnitude of power to drive a loudspeaker (which might require tens of volts). A pickup can also be connected to recording equipment via a patch cable.

The pickup is most often mounted on the body of the instrument, but can be attached to the bridge, neck or pickguard. The pickups vary in power, and they vary in style. Some pickups can be single coil, in which one coil picks up the sound of all strings, while other pickups can be double coil humbuckers. A special type of humbucker characteristic for Precision type bass guitars is called split coil pickup: two coils, each of them picks up different strings, on a 4-string bass, one coil the E and A string, the second coil the D and G string. The pickup is one of the most important aspects to distinguishing an electric guitar's sound. Most guitar models have a distinction in pickups, which act as a new selling point for guitar companies.

Construction

Pickups have magnetic polepieces, typically one or two for each string, with the notable exceptions of rail and lipstick tube pickups. Single polepieces are approximately centered on each string whereas dual polepieces such as the standard pickups on the Fender Jazz Bass and Precision Bass sit either side of each string.

On most guitars, the strings are not fully parallel: they converge at the nut and diverge at the bridge. Thus, bridge, neck and middle pickups usually have different polepiece spacings on the same guitar.

There are several standards on pickup sizes and string spacing between the poles. Spacing is measured either as a distance between 1st to 6th polepieces' centers (this is also called "E-to-E" spacing), or as a distance between adjacent polepieces' centers.

Output
Some high-output pickups employ very strong magnets, thus creating more flux and thereby more output. This can be detrimental to the final sound because the magnet's pull on the strings (called string capture ) can cause problems with intonation as well as damp the strings and reduce sustain.

Other high-output pickups have more turns of wire to increase the voltage generated by the string's movement. However, this also increases the pickup's output resistance and impedance, which can affect high frequencies if the pickup is not isolated by a buffer amplifier or a DI unit.

Pickup sound

The turns of wire in proximity to each other have an equivalent self-capacitanceundefined that, when added to any cable capacitance present, resonates with the inductance of the winding. This resonance can accentuate certain frequencies, giving the pickup a characteristic tonal quality. The more turns of wire in the winding, the higher the output voltage but the lower this resonance frequency.

The arrangement of parasitic resistances and capacitances in the guitar, cable, and amplifier input, combined with the inductive source impedance inherent in this type of transducer forms a resistively-damped second-order low-pass filter, producing a non-linearity effect not found in piezoelectric or optical transducers. Pickups are usually designed to feed a high input impedance, typically a megohm or more, and a low-impedance load increases attenuation of higher frequencies. Typical maximum frequency of a single-coil pickup is around 5 kHz, with the highest note on a typical guitar fretboard having a fundamental frequency of 1.17 kHz.

Humbuckers
Single-coil pickups act like a directional antenna and are prone to pick up mains hum—nuisance alternating current electromagnetic interference from electrical power cables, power transformers, fluorescent light ballasts, video monitors or televisions—along with the musical signal. Mains hum consists of a fundamental signal at a nominal 50 or 60 Hz, depending on local current frequency, and usually some harmonic content.

To overcome this, the humbucking pickup was invented by Joseph Raymond "Ray" Butts (for Gretsch), while Seth Lover also worked on one for Gibson. Who developed it first is a matter of some debate, but Butts was awarded the first patent and Lover came next.

A humbucking pickup is composed of two coils, with each coil wound reverse to the other. Each set of six magnetic poles is also opposite in polarity. Since ambient hum from electrical devices reaches the coils as common-mode noise, it induces an equal voltage in each coil, but 180 degrees out of phase between the two voltages. These effectively cancel each other, while the signal from the guitar string is doubled.

When wired in series, as is most common, the overall inductance of the pickup is increased, which lowers its resonance frequency and attenuates the higher frequencies, giving a less trebly tone (i.e., "fatter") than either of the two component single-coil pickups would give alone.

An alternative wiring places the coils in buck parallel, which has a more neutral effect on resonant frequency. This pickup wiring is rare, as guitarists have come to expect that humbucking pickups 'have a sound', and are not so neutral. On fine jazz guitars, the parallel wiring produces significantly cleaner sound, as the lowered source impedance drives capacitive cable with lower high frequency attenuation.

A side-by-side humbucking pickup senses a wider section of each string than a single-coil pickup. By picking up a larger portion of the vibrating string, more lower harmonics are present in the signal produced by the pickup in relation to high harmonics, resulting in a "fatter" tone. Humbucking pickups in the narrow form factor of a single coil, designed to replace single-coil pickups, have the narrower aperture resembling that of a single coil pickup. Some models of these single-coil-replacement humbuckers produce more authentic resemblances to classic single-coil tones than full-size humbucking pickups of a similar inductance.

Notation
Most electric guitars have two or three magnetic pickups. A combination of pickups is called a pickup configuration, usually notated by writing out the pickup types in order from bridge pickup through mid pickup(s) to neck pickup, using “S” for single-coil and “H” for humbucker. Typically the bridge pickup is known as the lead pickup, and the neck pickup is known as the rhythm pickup.

Common pickup configurations include:

Less frequently found configurations are:
 * H-H (Gibson Les Paul, many others including superstrats)
 * S (Fender Esquire, early Gibson Les Paul Juniors, Gibson Melody Maker, Danelectro U1, some Telecasters)
 * H (Gibson ES-165 Herb Ellis, Kramer Baretta, later Les Paul Juniors)
 * H-S (Hamer Californian Deluxe, Les Paul BFG, Squier '51)
 * H-H-H (some Gibson Les Paul Goldtop and Custom models, Gibson SG-3, Gibson ES-5 Switchmaster (after 1957), Kramer Jersey Star, Ibanez Destroyer, Ibanez PGM200)

Examples of rare configurations that only a few particular models use include:

 * H-S, but with single coil in the middle (one model of Fender Jazzmaster, Ibanez RG2011SC, Fender Player Jaguar)
 * H-S-S, but with no space between the middle single coil and the bridge humbucker (Hamer Phantom with angled neck pickup)
 * H-H-S (Mayones Legend “22” Anders Nyström signature, some ESP Stephen Carpenter Models, and Alembic Jerry Garcia Models)
 * H-S-S-H (Music Man Steve Morse Signature)
 * S-H (some Telecasters, Music Man “Valentine” James Valentine signature)
 * S-H-H (some early seven-string ESP Horizons)
 * S-H-S (Fender Wayne Kramer Signature)

Sensors
The piezoelectric pickup contains a piezo crystal, which converts the vibrations directly to a changing voltage.

Many semi-acoustic and acoustic guitars, and some electric guitars and basses, have been fitted with piezoelectric pickups instead of, or in addition to, magnetic pickups. These have a very different sound, and also have the advantage of not picking up any other magnetic fields, such as mains hum and feedback from monitoring loops. In hybrid guitars, this system allows switching between magnetic pickup and piezo sounds, or simultaneously blending the output. Solid bodied guitars with only a piezo pickup are known as silent guitars, which are usually used for practicing by acoustic guitarists. Piezo pickups can also be built into electric guitar bridges for conversion of existing instruments.

Most pickups for bowed string instruments, such as cello, violin, and double bass, are piezoelectric. These may be inlaid into the bridge, laid between the bridge feet and the top of the instrument, or, less frequently, wedged under a wing of the bridge. Some pickups are fastened to the top of the instrument with removable putty.

Preamps
Piezoelectric pickups have a very high output impedance and appear as a capacitance in series with a voltage source. They therefore often have an instrument-mounted buffer amplifier fitted to maximize frequency response.

The piezo pickup gives a very wide frequency range output compared to the magnetic types and can give large amplitude signals from the strings. For this reason, the buffer amplifier is often powered from relatively high voltage rails (about ±9 V) to avoid distortion due to clipping. A less linear preamp (like a single-FET amplifier) might be preferable due to softer clipping characteristics. Such an amplifier starts to distort sooner, which makes the distortion less "buzzy" and less audible than a more linear, but less forgiving op-amp. However, at least one study indicates that most people cannot tell the difference between FET and op-amp circuits in blind listening comparisons of electric instrument preamps, which correlates with results of formal studies of other types of audio devices. Sometimes, piezoelectric pickups are used in conjunction with magnetic types to give a wider range of available sounds.

For early pickup devices using the piezoelectric effect, see phonograph.

Other transducers
Some pickup products are installed and used similarly to piezoelectric pickups, but use different underlying technology, for instance electret or condenser microphone technology.

Double systems pickups
There are basically four principles used to convert sound into an alternating current, each with their pros and cons:
 * 1) A microphone registers the vibrations of the air caused by the instrument. In general this technique guarantees a good sound quality, but with two limitations: feedback and crosstalk.
 * 2) Contact pickups register the vibrations of the instrument itself. They have the advantage of producing little feedback and no crosstalk at all. In spite of their lesser sound quality and thanks to their low price, contact pickups (and especially the piezoelectric pickup) have become the most popular transducer.
 * 3) Magnetic pickups. Magnetic pickups, as applied in electric guitars, register the vibrations of nickel or steel strings in a magnetic field. They have the advantage that they can be connected directly to an (electric guitar) amplifier, but in combination with a steel-string acoustic guitar the sound tends to be electric. This is why acoustic guitarists typically choose a piezoelectric pickup, built in microphone, or both.
 * 4) Electrostatic pickups. Another way is to use the changing capacitance between the string and a pickup plate. These electronic pickups produce much higher dynamics than conventional pickups, so the difference between a soft and a loud pick strike is more pronounced than with other types of pickups.

An amplification system with two transducers combines the qualities of both. A combination of a microphone and a piezoelectric pickup typically produces better sound quality and less sensitivity to feedback, as compared to single transducers. However, this is not always the case. A less frequently used combination is a piezoelectric and a magnetic pickup. This combination can work well for a solid sound with dynamics and expression. Examples of a double system amplifier are the Highlander iP-2, the Verweij VAMP or the LR Baggs dual source and the D-TAR Multisource.

Multi-transducer pickups
Hexaphonic pickups (also called divided pickups and polyphonic pickups) have a separate output for each string (Hexaphonic assumes six strings, as on a guitar). This allows for separate processing and amplification for each string. It also allows a converter to sense the pitch coming from individual string signals for producing note commands, typically according to the MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) protocol. A hexaphonic pickup and a converter are usually components of a guitar/synthesizer.

Such pickups are uncommon (compared to normal ones), and only a few notable models exist, like the piezoelectric pickups on the Moog Guitar. Hexaphonic pickups can be either magnetic or piezoelectric or based on the condensor principle like electronicpickups

Optical
Optical pickups are a fairly recent development that work by sensing the interruption of a light beam by a vibrating string. The light source is usually an LED, and the detector is a photodiode or phototransistor. These pickups are completely resistant to magnetic or electric interference and also have a very broad and flat frequency response, unlike magnetic pickups.

Optical pickup guitars were first shown at the 1969 NAMM Convention in Chicago, by Ron Hoag. In 2000, Christopher Willcox, founder of LightWave Systems, unveiled a new beta technology for an optical pickup system using infrared light. In May 2001, LightWave Systems released their second generation pickup, dubbed the "S2."

Active and passive pickups

Pickups can be either active or passive. Pickups, apart from optical types, are inherently passive transducers. "Passive" pickups are usually wire-wound around a magnet, and are the most common type used. They can generate electric potential without need for external power, though their output is relatively low, and the harmonic content of output depends greatly on the winding.

"Active" pickups incorporate electronic circuitry to modify the signal. Active circuits are able to filter, attenuate or boost the signal from the pickup. The main disadvantage of an active system is requirement of a battery power source to operate the preamp circuitry. Batteries limit circuit design and functionality, in addition to being inconvenient to the musician. The circuitry may be as simple as a single transistor, or up to several operational amplifiers configured as active filters, active EQ and other sound-shaping features. The op amps used must be of a low-power design to optimize battery life, a design restriction that limits the dynamic range of the circuit. The active circuitry may contain audio filters, which reduce the dynamic range and mildly distort certain ranges. High-output active pickup systems also have an effect on an amplifier's input circuit.

Stereo and multiple pickups with individual outputs
Rickenbacker was the first manufacturer to market stereo instruments (guitars and basses). Their proprietary "Ric-O-Sound" circuitry has two separate output jacks, allowing the musician to send each pickup to its own audio chain (effects device, amplifier, mix console input).

Teisco produced a guitar with a stereo option. Teisco divided the two sections in the upper three strings and the lower three strings for each individual output.

The Gittler guitar was a limited production guitar with six pickups, one for each string.

Gibson created the HD.6X Pro guitar that captures a separate signal for each individual string and sends them to an onboard analog/digital converter, then out of the guitar via Ethernet cable.

title: Pickup (music technology)


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User talk:IntlBizMan

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 18:04, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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User talk:Ianblanes

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 18:06, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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User talk:Eagle~enwiki

Hi Eagle, welcome to Wikipedia and thank you for the comments on soda can stove and the photo. I added a tag to the image, since all images need copyright identification. Note that if you upload one of your own images you automatically grant the GFDL licence.

Can you doublecheck the patent number you mentioned for the Safesport stove (55308)? The American patent number is for a knitting machine, and D55308 is for fabric. I would be very interested in the seeing this patent.

thanks again for your comments and photo. Duk 18:06, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Mid Atlantic Star Party
A tag has been placed on Mid Atlantic Star Party, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable (see the guidelines for notability here). If you can indicate why the subject of this article is notable, you may contest the tagging. To do this, please affix the template  to the page and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself.

Please read the criteria for speedy deletion (specifically, article #7) and our general biography criteria. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Hu 01:29, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

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Welcome!

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File:2000pano.jpg listed for deletion
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

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text:
ZPO

ZPO may refer to:
 * Pinehouse Lake Airport in Pinehouse Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada (IATA airport code ZPO)
 * Zivilprozessordnung (Germany), the German code of civil procedure
 * Zivilprozessordnung (Austria), the Austrian code of civil procedure
 * Amatlán Zapotec, a Zapotec language

title: ZPO