text:
The Claxton Bakery

The Claxton Bakery is a confectionery company based in Claxton, Georgia.

History
The Claxton Bakery was founded by Savino Gillio-Tos (March 31, 1885 in Ivrea, Italy - January 1966 in Claxton, Georgia) who immigrated to the United States in 1902. He moved to New York City, where he worked at a Brooklyn hotel as a master baker. He eventually took a job in Macon, Georgia and moved from there to Claxton. Mr. Gillio-Tos's Claxton Bakery was a successful maker of baked goods, homemade ice cream and fruitcakes. In 1945, Savino Gillio-Tos sold the bakery to Albert Parker, an employee, and retired.

Albert Parker's Claxton Bakery
Under Parker's leadership, the Claxton Bakery began to focus on fruitcakes; this eventually led the bakery to start selling fruitcakes for fundraising purposes in the 1950s. One of the bakery's earliest fundraising partners was Civitan International; since 1951, local Civitans have sold millions of pounds of Claxton fruitcake each holiday season in support of their work with the developmentally disabled. A little over a decade later, in 1964 and 1965, the company was part of the New York World's Fair. Mr. Parker quickly took advantage of the success at the fair and came up with other means to get his product out to the world. One such innovation came when he entered several floats in the Orange Bowl Jamboree Parade in Miami and also the Cherry Blossom Festival Parade in Washington, D.C. Today the Claxton Bakery, Inc. works with over a thousand organizations throughout North America.

On May 21, 1995, Albert Parker died. His three sons and his daughter now run the corporation.

title: The Claxton Bakery


text:
Charlie Trotter

Charlie Trotter (September 8, 1959 – November 5, 2013) was an American chef and restaurateur. His most well-known restaurant, Charlie Trotter's, was open in Chicago from 1987 to 2012.

Early life and education
Trotter was born in Wilmette, Illinois and graduated from New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois. He attended Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois from 1977 to 1979, and then transferred to University of Wisconsin–Madison. Trotter started cooking professionally in 1982 after earning a political science bachelor's degree from UW–Madison.

Career
For five years after college, he worked and studied in Chicago, San Francisco (at the California Culinary Academy), Florida and Europe. He opened his first restaurant in Chicago with his father, Bob Trotter, as his partner.

Trotter was the host of the 1999 PBS cooking show The Kitchen Sessions with Charlie Trotter, in which he details his recipes and cooking techniques. He likened cooking to an improvisational jazz session in that as two riffs will never be the same, so too with food. He also wrote 14 cookbooks and three management books, and promoted a line of organic and all-natural gourmet foods distributed nationally.

Trotter was involved with his philanthropic Charlie Trotter Culinary Education Foundation and other causes. He was awarded the Humanitarian of the Year award in 2005 by the International Association of Culinary Professionals. He invited groups of public high school students into his restaurant as part of his Excellence Program two to three times per week: after eating a meal, the students were told how the food was prepared and the motivations of those preparing it.

Trotter also was unusual among celebrity chefs for his outspokenness in matters of ethics, most famously when he took foie gras off the menu in 2002 for ethical reasons. However, Trotter refused to be associated with the animal rights group Farm Sanctuary stating, "These people are idiots. Understand my position: I have nothing to do with a group like that. I think they're pathetic. … [S]ome of their tactics are crude and uncivilized even."

Trotter made a cameo appearance in the 1997 film My Best Friend's Wedding, screaming at an assistant, "I will kill your whole family if you don't get this right! I need this perfect!" a parody of a stereotypical screaming angry chef.

Restaurants

 * Charlie Trotter's restaurant in Chicago opened in 1987. It was named as the 30th-best restaurant in the world by Restaurant Magazine, and 5th-best in the United States in 2007. In 2010 Charlie Trotter's was one of three restaurants in Chicago to be awarded two stars by the Michelin Guide. In the following year's Michelin Guide, the restaurant again was rated with two stars. On December 31, 2011, Trotter announced that the restaurant would close in August 2012, citing a desire to travel and to pursue a master's degree.

 * Trotter also owned Trotter's To Go at 1337 W. Fullerton, a high-end delicatessen and catering store in Lincoln Park, Chicago. This closed in July 2012.
 * In 2008, Trotter opened his second namesake restaurant in Las Vegas known as Restaurant Charlie. The restaurant garnered extraordinary praise from critics and received the Michelin Guide One Star award in 2009. The restaurant also received the 2009 James Beard Award for "Best New Restaurant". Within the restaurant was a smaller, private bar known as Bar Charlie in which diners were seated overlooking the kitchen preparation and received a hands-on experience. It closed in March 2010.
 * In 2004, Trotter opened C, a seafood restaurant in Los Cabos, Mexico. It closed in November 2008.
 * Trotter had planned to open a restaurant in New York City in a new building being built at One Madison Park, but a foreclosure crisis prevented it.
 * In 2014, Trotter's son Dylan and his mother Dona-Lee Trotter announced that the nonprofit Trotter Project would open in the original Charlie Trotter's restaurant space on Armitage Avenue. Though the buildings had been put on the market after the restaurant closed in 2012, they were taken off the market. The project is expected to include teaching opportunities for young chefs.

Lawsuits
Trotter was the subject of a number of lawsuits. In 2003 he was the subject of two class action lawsuits pertaining to the compensation of his employees and alleged violations of labor law, both front-of-the-house (service) and back-of-the-house (cooks). The first, filed by former waiter Kurt Sorensen, alleges that rather than receiving the tips they collected, waiters were paid from a restaurant-wide pool, and their share was significantly lower than the amount they had collected, in violation of minimum wage law. This suit was settled out of court. The second, filed September 17, 2003 by former cook Beverly Kim, alleged that cooks were required to work unpaid overtime. This suit was settled in 2005, resulting in a liability of almost $700,000, though of this only about $300,000 was paid out, as many eligible former employees returned their share.

On June 13, 2013, Trotter was sued by brothers and wine collectors Bekim and Ilir Frrokaj, who accused him of selling them a counterfeit bottle of 1945 Domaine de la Romanée-Conti for $46,000; Trotter denied any wrongdoing.

Personal life
Trotter married his first wife, Lisa Ehrlich, on August 31, 1986. They met in 1981 at University of Wisconsin–Madison. Lisa helped open the restaurant and served as its first dining room manager and wine director until the couple divorced in August 1990.

Trotter's second marriage, to Lynn Thomas, produced a son, Dylan, who was 21 or 22 years old at his father's death.

In February 2010, Trotter married girlfriend Rochelle Smith, who later became his publicist.

In 2021, a feature-length documentary about his life, titled Love, Charlie: The Rise and Fall of Chef Charlie Trotter, was released in the United States.

Death and legacy
On November 5, 2013, Trotter's son Dylan found him unconscious in his Lincoln Park home. Trotter was taken to Northwestern Memorial Hospital, where he was pronounced dead as a result of a stroke. Former understudy Graham Elliot called Trotter a "mentor, trailblazer, philosopher, artist, teacher [and] leader." Charlie Trotter's spirit of mentorship continues via The Trotter Project, a 501(c)(3) charitable organization created by family, co-workers and friends including Homaro Cantu, Trotter's mother Dona-Lee, sister Anne, brothers Scott and Tom, and his son Dylan.

Published works

 * Charlie Trotter's 1994 ISBN 0-89815-628-9
 * Charlie Trotter's Vegetables 1996 ISBN 0-89815-838-9
 * Charlie Trotter's Seafood 1997 ISBN 0-89815-898-2
 * Gourmet Cooking for Dummies 1997 ISBN 0-7645-5029-2
 * Charlie Trotter's Desserts 1998 ISBN 0-89815-815-X
 * The Kitchen Sessions With Charlie Trotter 1999 ISBN 0-89815-997-0
 * Charlie Trotter Cooks at Home 2000 ISBN 1-58008-250-5
 * Charlie Trotter's Meat and Game 2001 ISBN 1-58008-238-6
 * Workin' More Kitchen Sessions With Charlie Trotter 2004 ISBN 1-58008-613-6
 * Homecooking with Charlie Trotter 2009

 * Coauthored
 * Clarke, Paul and Charlie Trotter. Lessons in Excellence from Charlie Trotter 1999 ISBN 0-89815-908-3
 * Lawler, Edmund and Charlie Trotter. Lessons in Service from Charlie Trotter 2001 ISBN 1-58008-315-3
 * Trotter, Charlie and Roxanne Klein. Raw 2003 ISBN 1-58008-470-2
 * Trotter, Wareing, Hill and Hall. Knife Skills in the Kitchen 2008 ISBN 978-0-7566-3391-2

Awards and honors
The Best Restaurant in the World for Wine and Food, 1998 The Grand Award, 1993 – 2012 Wine Enthusiast America’s Best Wine-Driven Restaurants, 2006 International Food Manufacturers Association Silver Plate Award Winner, 2008 Gold Plate Award Winner, 2008
 * Culinary Hall of Fame

The James Beard Foundation Best Food Photography, Meat & Game, 2003 Outstanding Service, 2002 Outstanding Restaurant, 2000 Best National Television Cooking Show for "The Kitchen Sessions, with Charlie Trotter," 2000 Best Food Photography, Desserts, 1999 Outstanding Chef Award, 1999 Who's Who in Food & Beverage Award, 1996 Outstanding Wine Service, 1993 Best Chef, Midwest, 1992 Humanitarian of The Year 2012 Nation's Restaurant News 50 Power Players 2000 Fine Dining Hall of Fame (elected by peers), 1991 Chicago Tribune Four Stars (highest rating) Crain's Chicago Business Four Forks (highest rating)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Charlie Trotter


text: Category:History of Malaysia

title: Category:History of Malaysia


text:
Talk:I Know Where I'm Going!

Title
There is NO exclamation point in the title of this film. It never should have been moved here from the proper location I Know Where I'm Going. Please move it back to its proper heading. Thank you. The FinalWord 05:29, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Every one of the external pages listed at the bottom of the article gives the title with an exclamation point. Several of them include images of film posters and/or video covers, also with the exclamation point. Do you have any counter-evidence? --Paul A 06:25, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. Almost every reference I've seen includes the exclamation point.  The title caption used in the film reads: i know where i'm going! Jihg 18:23, Jan 5, 2005 (UTC)

 * Hello, I'm new to Wikipedia but I think I can claim to know a bit about Powell and Pressburger films. I run the Powell & Pressburger Pages.

 * The title as given on screen in the film definitely has an exclamation point at the end. It is also all given in lower case and in quotation marks but many systems don't like titles like that so it is usually written as I Know Where I'm Going! (or just IKWIG). SteveCrook 01:25, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * So - it's five years after the last comment, and somehow in the intervening time someone has uploaded and illustrative period film poster - without the exclamation point. Some resolution is required here, I would think - either a change in article title or uploading of a poster file consistent with the claims here that the exclamation point is part of the title. Sensei48 (talk) 06:12, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Which takes precedence, the title as shown on a poster, or the title as shown on screen? The on-screen title has the exclamation point. See screen grab -- SteveCrook (talk) 06:52, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Well, I'd say of course the screen shot salts it because that's what the director wanted us to see. However - given the uncertainty about the question, I'd say we'd better find a movie poster with an exclamation point, at the very least for internal consistency and more importantly for factual accuracy. Sensei48 (talk) 04:43, 4 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Is that a date of 1947 in the bottom-right of the image of the poster? It's fairly clear on the linked, source page. This would make it a later interpretation from a distributor's publicity department and not reliably connected to the original release. "Released through Universal-International" shows that this was a version for the U.S. release: U.K. distributor was Rank. Strictly WP:NOR to suggest that using the exclamation mark in the title wasn't well regarded in the U.S. Having said that, MP himself uses no exclamation mark in A Life in Movies: he explains (page 459) how he took the title from the song, and it isn't in it. --Old Moonraker (talk) 07:41, 27 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Although the song was Irish, not Scottish :) -- SteveCrook (talk) 22:25, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

Scorsese quote
The Scorcese quote mentioned on this page, is from a documentary included in the Criterion DVD release of the film. I'd source it, but have no idea how to refer to this documentary correctly. And, by the way, I totally agree with him. I thought I'd heard of all the film masterpieces, and then saw this one, which I'd never heard of. It just blew me away. -- unsigned comment by 66.35.36.132 05:16, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I've added the reference to it. -- SteveCrook 12:56, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Comedy
Genre-labeling is usually a fool's game, especially with as sophisticated a work of art as IKWIG, but here goes. "Romance film" seems quite a pale and inadequate category. It is most certainly a comedy, and not merely because of a few jokes throughout. Its ending confirms its overall romantic & comedic tone. Various of the linked reviews concur, including Criterion and TCM. Cloonmore (talk) 03:42, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
 * How do you define a comedy? I use the IMDb genre definitions. That says that to be considered a comedy, virtually all scenes should contain characters participating in humorous or comedic experiences. There are some jokes and a few comedic scenes in it but they are a tiny percentage of the whole. What's comedic about the ending? I don't often see many people laughing at the ending when it's screened. Just because a few other sites label it a comedy (I see that Criterion does but I don't see it on the TCM site), is that any reason to propagate the description? It's probably best to leave out any attempt at genre labelling -- SteveCrook (talk) 05:21, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Possibly Cloonmore is referring to comedy in the Shakespearean sense, i.e. with a happy ending. The film doesn't violate anything in Romantic comedy films and it has as much (or little) humour as some of the examples given: Shakespeare in Love and Roman Holiday. I certainly cringe at the idea of using IMDb's definition. I dunno, it could go either way; I just don't know where I'm going. Clarityfiend (talk) 20:18, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, it's certainly comedy in the Shakespearean sense, as all ends happily, but it's also a romantic comedy film in the absolute best sense. See the "description" section of the Wikipedia article, which fits IKWIG to a T. The IMDb definition is just plain wrong. Even such wonderful comedy classics as City Lights and The Shop Around the Corner wouldn't fit the IMDb definition. SteveCrook, comedy isn't measured by how often you belly-laugh. (But does the ending of IKWIG, with Joan's parading return and the wry terms of the curse read by the narrator, not evoke at least a smile?) BTW, if you click on "genre" on the left side of the TCM page, you'll see the reference to comedy. Cloonmore (talk) 00:04, 5 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I see what you mean, using the arcane definition that anything that isn't a history or a tragedy must be a comedy. But if you told most people that a film was a comedy, they would expect to have quite a few laughs or at least to be smiling, giggling and tittering a lot. Hence the IMDb definition. There's a difference between "humorous or comedic experiences" and those that generate belly-laughs. So do you go for a definition as most people would understand it or for the technically more correct but not so widely understood definition? There are elements of the Wikipedia definition of romantic comedy film that seem to fit it. But I think it's a better fit to the Wikipedia definition of a romance film. Yes, there are usually smiles at the end of a screening, smiles and wry grins amidst the tears. But I'm not really a fan of genre classifications either. I don't know many films that really fit a one or two word definition. I leave it up to you to leave it as it is, change it or delete it entirely -- SteveCrook (talk) 06:28, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Oh, goody, let's have a vote instead of finding out what reliable movie reviews have to say. If WP:OR is now acceptable, my opinion is that this movie is not in any way a comedy (romantic or otherwise). There's little or no wordplay, joking, or any other form of humor. The scene at sea is thrilling drama, maybe scary, not funny at all. The Ceildhe is just plain fun. The plot is romantic. There's certainly pleasantness in this film but no comedy, except perhaps in some ancient or academic sense. David Spector (talk) 18:06, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

Music
My memory of the film includes the power of the tune 'Nut Brown Maiden' which recurs including in the final scene - is this worth a mention from someone who knows more about the film/music than me? Skihatboatbike (talk) 18:51, 22 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. It's too much detail for the plot (WP:MOSFILM recommends 400-700 words), and where else could you put it? (By the way, I moved this section to the bottom.) Clarityfiend (talk) 19:48, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

RE Plot
I'm not sure it's quite the thing to give away the entire story in the plot. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.159.159.21 (talk) 17:48, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * It is quite the done thing - on Wikipedia. There used to be spoiler warnings but the Wikipedia consensus was that if people didn't want to know the plot then they should read a section titled Plot -- SteveCrook (talk) 23:20, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

Itinerary Template
User:Clarityfiend has removed the table showing the 'Itinerary of Miss Webster's Journey to Isle of Kiloran' on the grounds that "that level of detail is only suitable for a bus or train route". I would suggest that in the context of this section it is appropriate, because the 'Itinerary' is a central plot device in the film. It is featured prominently on screen, (where the details of the table are taken from) and in voiceover, during her train journey; it also features in the scene at Port Erraig quay when Miss Webster is waiting to be met by the motor launch from Kiloran, where it is blown from her hands into the sea to symbolise the frustration of her carefully planned future. Significantly, the whole of the 'Itinerary' is factual, referring to real places, stations, and services (even the name of the ferry to Tobermory is accurate), right up until the last entry where the fictional Port Erraig and Kiloran, are substituted for the real-life Carsaig and Colonsay. This is also symbolic of the transition from the 'real' world into the romantic fantasy of the rest of the film. So I would argue that including the 'Itinerary' as a table to illustrate the plot section is appropriate and aids understanding of the film. Josephus (talk) 00:49, 3 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I've re-jigged the distorted layout this was causing, but it's not an endorsement: I'm with User:Clarityfiend on this.--Old Moonraker (talk) 14:42, 7 January 2010 (UTC)

I too do not support its inclusion. This is too much detail considering her journey north only takes place briefly near the start and the bulk of the film takes place in fictional locations. I am not sure all details can be found in the film. Some details from this could be incorporated in the article in normal prose. PatGallacher (talk) 17:40, 7 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Overall, a lack of support for inclusion. RV, then, to version from User:Clarityfiend. Suggestions by User:PatGallacher yet to be incorporated.--Old Moonraker (talk) 07:43, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Too much detail. It's fine where it is now, separate and linked. David Spector (talk) 18:10, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

Corrected business about color film. In 1945, Technicolor cameras used black and white film - thru filters. The color was in the dye release prints. See any article about Technicolor. Bobrowen (talk) 21:22, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

Opening vs. ending credits
The ending credits are in appearance order, but the opening ones aren't. Worse, the ending credits are more complete, including Petula Clark in particular. I've been trying to figure out how to reconcile the two, but I'm at a loss. I don't know where to go from here. Clarityfiend (talk) 07:41, 10 August 2019 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:I Know Where I'm Going (song) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 19:16, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:I Know Where I'm Going!


text: Category:Oita Prefecture

title: Category:Oita Prefecture


text:
Hollyweird

Hollyweird is the sixth studio album by American glam metal band Poison, released on May 21, 2002, through Cyanide Music and debuted at No. 103 on the Billboard 200 chart and No. 8 on the Independent Albums chart and sold 11,000 copies in its first week. As of 2023, it is the band's most recent album of original material.

Musical style
The record brought together Poison's original lineup for the first full studio project since Flesh & Blood. The result was a combination of old and new sounds, with guitarist C.C. DeVille frequently preferring pop and punk rock sounds to the heavy metal style that had characterized Poison's previous records. The band's new style was particularly evident in the songs "Emperor's New Clothes", "Livin' In the Now" and "Home (C.C's Story)", which featured DeVille on lead vocals.

Production and marketing
In the face of major label offers that would have required the band to re-record old material, the band decided to release the album through their own label, Cyanide Music. Hollyweird was recorded at Henson Recording Studios in Hollywood, California and Rock Central Studios in Sherman Oaks, California with producer Thom Panunzio and engineer Bob Koszela.

Songs
The album's themes revolve almost exclusively around the trials and tribulations of success in Hollywood, California—a theme that had previously been explored in the band's single "Fallen Angel" from their second album Open Up and Say... Ahh!.

The first single released from the album was "Rockstar", which was released on the web as a preview for the album; the second single was a cover of The Who song "Squeeze Box".

Bobby Dall on The Who cover "Squeeze Box": ...Actually, that was Rikki's idea. When we came into rehearsals ... to break the ice for the new record ... before we started fightin' and arguin' about songs, we went through a list of covers and remakes. ...It was the song that stuck and I think it fits perfectly for our band. It has a great melody and a great vocal, but it's also kinda sparse and undefined ... it was kinda like an open pallet [sic.] for us.

"Shooting Star" was also released as a single for the album and was referred to as part 2 to the Fallen Angel single from Open Up and...Say Ahh.

Band members

 * Bret Michaels – lead vocals
 * C.C. DeVille – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Bobby Dall – bass, backing vocals
 * Rikki Rockett – drums, backing vocals
 * Dan Wagner – keyboards
 * Mark "Small Face" Poole – backing vocals
 * Christy Calabro – backing vocals
 * Cliff Calabro – backing vocals

Singles

 * "Rockstar" – May 27, 2001
 * "Squeeze Box" – March 4, 2002
 * "Shooting Star" – November 5, 2002

title: Hollyweird


text:
Lloyd Hyde

Lloyd George Hyde (April 24, 1920 in Burnside, Manitoba – August 25, 1985) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1977 until his death in 1985.

The son of Joseph Hyde and Frances Troop, he was educated in Burnside and Portage la Prairie and worked as a farmer after attending high school. He also served with an artillery unit in the Canadian Forces from 1941 to 1945. Hyde subsequently became a Director of the Portage Industrial Exhibition and an Associate Member of the Portage la Prairie District Planning Scheme, as well as a freemason. He also was an active member of the local Barber Quartet Society. In 1946, Hyde married Isabel Margaret Spraggs.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1977 election, defeating his New Democratic opponent by about 1,500 votes in the riding of Portage la Prairie. The Tories won a majority government in this election, although Hyde was not appointed to the cabinet of Premier Sterling Lyon.

The Tories were defeated in the provincial election of 1981, although Hyde easily retained his own riding. He continued serving as an MLA until his death in 1985.

title: Lloyd Hyde


text:
Leapfrogging

Leapfrogging is a concept used in many domains of the economics and business fields, and was originally developed in the area of industrial organization and economic growth. The main idea behind the concept of leapfrogging is that small and incremental innovations lead a dominant firm to stay ahead. However, sometimes, radical innovations will permit new firms to leapfrog the ancient and dominant firm. The phenomenon can occur to firms but also to leadership of countries or cities, where a developing country can skip stages of the path taken by industrial nations, enabling them to catch up sooner, particularly in terms of economic growth.

Industrial organization
In the field of industrial organization (IO), the main work on leapfrogging was developed by Fudenberg, Gilbert, Stiglitz and Tirole (1983). In their article, they analyze under which conditions a new entrant can leapfrog an established firm.

That leapfrogging can arise because an established monopolist has a somewhat reduced incentive to innovate because he is earning rents from the old technology. This is somewhat based on Joseph Schumpeter's notion of ‘gales of creative destruction’. The hypothesis proposes that companies holding monopolies based on incumbent technologies have less incentive to innovate than potential rivals, and therefore they eventually lose their technological leadership role when new radical technological innovations are adopted by new firms which are ready to take the risks. When the radical innovations eventually become the new technological paradigm, the newcomer companies leapfrog ahead of the formerly leading firms.

International competition
Similarly a country which has leadership can lose its hegemony and be leapfrogged by another country. This has happened in history a few times. In the late eighteenth century, the Netherlands was leapfrogged by the UK, which was the leader during the whole nineteenth century, and in turn the US leapfrogged the UK, and became the hegemonic power of the 20th century.

There are several reasons for this. Brezis and Krugman (1993, 1997 ) suggest a mechanism that explains this pattern of "leapfrogging" as a response to occasional major changes in technology. In times of small and incremental technological change, increasing returns to scale tend to accentuate economic leadership. However, at times of a radical innovation and major technological breakthrough, economic leadership, since it also implies high wages, can deter the adoption of new ideas in the most advanced countries. A new technology may well seem initially inferior to older methods to those who have extensive experience with those older methods; yet that initially inferior technology may well have more potential for improvements and adaptation. When technological progress takes this form, economic leadership will tend to be the source of its own downfall.

In consequence, when a radical innovation occurs, it does not initially seem to be an improvement for leading nations, given their extensive experience with older technologies. Lagging nations have less experience; the new technique allows them to use their lower wages to enter the market. If the new technique proves more productive than the old, leapfrogging of leadership occurs.

Brezis and Krugman have applied this theory of leapfrogging to the field of geography, and explain why leading cities are often overtaken by upstart metropolitan areas. Such upheavals may be explained if the advantage of established urban centers rests on localized learning by doing. When a new technology is introduced, for which this accumulated experience is irrelevant, older centers prefer to stay with a technology in which they are more efficient. The changes to technological leadership can reveal the challenges concerning the effects of backwardness on the willingness to innovate or adopt radical and new ideas. New centers, however, turn to the new technology and are competitive despite the raw state of that technology because of their lower land rents and wages. Over time, as the new technology matures, the established cities are overtaken.

Leapfrogging in developing countries
More recently the concept of leapfrogging is being used in the context of sustainable development for developing countries as a theory of development which may accelerate development by skipping inferior, less efficient, more expensive or more polluting technologies and industries and move directly to more advanced ones.

Leapfrog democracies can refer to countries that have huge developments that more typically advanced countries might only have much later.

The mobile phone is an example of a “leapfrog” technology: it has enabled developing countries to skip the fixed-line technology of the 20th century and move straight to the mobile technology of the 21st. It is proposed that through leapfrogging developing countries can avoid environmentally harmful stages of development and do not need to follow the polluting development trajectory of industrialized countries.

The adoption of solar energy technologies in developing countries are examples of where countries do not repeat the mistakes of highly industrialized countries in creating an energy infrastructure based on fossil fuels, but "jump" directly into the Solar Age.

Developing countries with existing natural gas pipelines in place can use it to transport hydrogen instead, hence leapfrogging from natural gas to hydrogen.

Tunneling through
A closely related concept is that of ‘tunneling through’ the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The concept proposes that developing countries could learn from the experiences of industrialized nations, and restructure growth and development to address potentially irreversible environmental damages from an early stage and thereby ‘tunnel’ through any prospective EKC. Environmental quality thereby does not have to get worse before it gets better and crossing safe limits or environmental thresholds can be avoided. Although in principle the concepts of leapfrogging (focused on jumping technological generations) and tunnelling through (focused on pollution) are distinct, in practice they tend to be conflated.

Millennium Development Goals
The concept of environmental leapfrogging also includes a social dimension. The diffusion and application of environmental technologies would not only reduce environmental impacts, but can at the same time contribute to sustainable economic development and the realization of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by promoting greater access to resources and technologies to people who currently have no access. Regarding electricity currently nearly one third of the world population has no access to electricity and another third has only poor access. Reliance on traditional biomass fuels for cooking and heating can have a serious impact on health and the environment. There is not only a direct positive link between sustainable renewable energy technologies and climate change mitigation, but also between clean energy and issues of health, education and gender equity.

Examples
A frequently cited example is countries which move directly from having no telephones to having cellular phones, skipping the stage of copperwire landline telephones altogether.

Another notable example is mobile payment. China is one of the world's leaders in consumer internet and mobile payments. In most parts of the developed world, credit cards have been popular since the second half of 20th century but were not widespread in China. After 2013, Alipay and WeChat began to support mobile payment using QR code on smart phones. Both of them have been extremely successful in China and are expanding overseas now. China's technological leapfrogging to mobile payments also led to a boom in online shopping and retail banking.

Necessary conditions
Leapfrogging can occur accidentally, when the only systems around for adoption are better than legacy systems elsewhere, or situationally, such as the adoption of decentralized communication for a sprawling, rural countryside. It may also be initiated intentionally, e.g. by policies promoting the installation of WiFi and free computers in poor urban areas.

The Reut Institute has carried out extensive research regarding the common denominators of all the different countries that have successfully 'leapt' in recent years. It concludes that to leapfrog a country needs to create a shared vision, leadership by a committed elite, 'Inclusive growth', relevant institutions, a labor market suited to cope with rapid growth and changes, growth diagnostics of the country's bottlenecks and focused reforms as well as local and regional development and national mobilization.

Promotion by international initiatives
Japan's Low-Carbon Society 2050 Initiative has the objective to cooperate with and offer support to Asian developing countries to leapfrog towards a low-carbon energy future.

title: Leapfrogging


text:
East Tsim Sha Tsui station

East Tsim Sha Tsui is a station of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system of Hong Kong. It is currently an intermediate station on the.

The station was built to alleviate surface traffic jams and passenger congestion at Kowloon Tong station. The distance from Hung Hom to the station is about one kilometre with the journey time of around two minutes.

This station is linked with Tsim Sha Tsui station of the by subways (underground pedestrian tunnels).

History
The predecessor of the East Rail line was the Kowloon–Canton Railway (British Section), which was opened in 1910. At the time of opening, its southern terminus was the Kowloon located in Tsim Sha Tsui, where the Clock Tower stands today. However, the old Kowloon station was closed in 1975, and the southern terminus of the railway was relocated to the newly built Hung Hom station.

An early predecessor to the present East Tsim Sha Tsui station, named Mariner in the East Kowloon line 1970 scheme, was intended to provide interchange to Tsim Sha Tsui of the Kong Kow line (now part of ).

Plans for East Tsim Sha Tsui were subsequently revived in 1993 when the plans for East Kowloon line were modified to become a medium-capacity system as part of an Eastern Corridor with transfer to the Lantau Airport Railway (now and ). The contract to construct East Tsim Sha Tsui was subsequently awarded to a consortium consisting of Hong Kong-based Gammon Construction and Japan-based Nishimatsu.

East Tsim Sha Tsui was opened on 24 October 2004 as a southward extension of the KCR East Rail from, the Tsim Sha Tsui Extension:yue:%E5%B0%96%E6%B2%99%E5%92%80%E6%94%AF%E7%B6%AB,   symbolising the return of the railway to the Tsim Sha Tsui area after 30 years. It served as the southern terminus of the East Rail line until 16 August 2009. As a result of its underground location, the station was equipped with full-height platform screen doors, of the same type used on the KCR West Rail, which opened the year prior. The station was the only one on the East Rail line with these doors for five years, and as a result, the 12-car-long set of screen doors were the longest in the world.

The status of the East Tsim Sha Tsui station as the southern terminus of the East Rail line was intended to be a temporary arrangement only. Upon the opening of the MTR Kowloon Southern Link on 16 August 2009, the East Rail line terminated in the south at Hung Hom again (albeit only temporary until the opening of Sha Tin to Central Link in 2022), and the tracks between Hung Hom and East Tsim Sha Tsui became part of the. As a result, Hung Hom became the common southern terminus of (and provided cross-platform interchange between) the East Rail line and the West Rail line, whilst East Tsim Sha Tsui became an intermediate station on the West Rail line. Due to the shorter length of the Tuen Ma line trains (8 cars), the ends of the platforms were taken out of use and closed off.

On 27 June 2021, the officially merged with the  (which was already extended into the Tuen Ma line Phase 1 at the time) in East Kowloon to form the new, as part of the Shatin to Central link project. Hence, East Tsim Sha Tsui was included in the project and is now an intermediate station on the Tuen Ma line.

Station layout
Passengers heading towards the Tsuen Wan line ride the escalator up to the concourse and leave the Tuen Ma line system. Then they walk along the Middle Road or Mody Road subway system respectively to reach Tsim Sha Tsui station at exits L2 and M3, respectively.

Although the stations are connected by subway, the fare gates for East Tsim Sha Tsui and Tsim Sha Tsui stations are separated. Single journey ticket passengers transferring from the Tuen Ma line to the Tsuen Wan line must purchase a second ticket at Tsim Sha Tsui station as the ticket is withdrawn once the passengers exit through the turnstiles at East Tsim Sha Tsui station. In contrast, Octopus card users who transfer between East Tsim Sha Tsui and Tsim Sha Tsui stations within thirty minutes without making any other transport related purchases or more than nine non-transport related purchases in between stations are considered to have taken a single journey and are charged accordingly. Also, MTR City Saver users who transfer between East Tsim Sha Tsui and Tsim Sha Tsui stations within thirty minutes are considered to have taken a single journey and no extra journey will be charged.

Entrances/exits
East Tsim Sha Tsui station is linked with Tsim Sha Tsui station through the Mody Road and Middle Road subways. When both stations' exits are combined, the total number of exits outnumber even that of Central. Tsim Sha Tsui station has the exit with the highest letter of all rail stations in Hong Kong.

There's no exits I or O because of the confusion with 1 and 0 respectively.

In Tsim Sha Tsui station

 * A1: Kowloon Park
 * A2: Humphreys Avenue
 * B1: Nathan Road
 * B2: Cameron Road
 * C1: Nathan Road
 * C2: Peking Road
 * D1: Nathan Road
 * D2: Carnarvon Road
 * E: Kowloon Hotel
 * H: iSQUARE
 * R: iSQUARE

In East Tsim Sha Tsui station

 * J: Victoria Dockside
 * K: Middle Road
 * L1: Hermes House
 * L3: Peninsula Hotel
 * L4: Kowloon Hotel
 * L5: Peking Road
 * L6: Salisbury Road
 * N1: Mody Road
 * N2: Hanoi Road
 * N3: K11 Art Mall
 * N4: K11 Art Mall
 * N5: Nathan Road
 * P1: Wing On Plaza
 * P2: Tsim Sha Tsui East
 * P3: Chatham Road South

title: East Tsim Sha Tsui station


text:
Wikipedia talk:Today's featured article/December 22, 2004

The fullstop should've been outside quotes in "Emperor-Elect". -- Sundar 05:32, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * No, it shouldn't. The current style is grammatically correct. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 07:14, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

The first sentence seems a bit repetitive to me, as it mentions the HRE twice. How about:

In the Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors were the members of the Empire's electoral college

-- Kizor 09:12, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Whoops. Yes, I missed that. →Raul654 09:32, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Taber, Alberta

Taber is a town in southern Alberta, Canada that is surrounded by the Municipal District of Taber. It is approximately 51 km east of the City of Lethbridge at the intersection of Highway 3 and Highway 36.

Taber is famous for its corn due to the large amounts of sunshine the area receives. It is therefore known as the Corn Capital of Canada and holds an annual "Cornfest" in the last week of August.

History
Originally, Taber was known as "Tank No. 77," and was used by the railway to fill up on water. In 1903, it is said that the first Mormon settlers from the U.S. were the ones to establish a hamlet at the Tank. After the town's post office was built in 1907, the CPR decided to call the town "Tabor," probably after Mount Tabor in the Holy Land. However, various letters and station heads came out printed "Taber," so the CPR changed the name to make it match the records.

An alternate version of the town's name origin is that the first part of the word tabernacle was used by Mormon settlers in the vicinity, and the next Canadian Pacific Railway station was named Elcan (nacle spelled backwards).

After time, Taber became a successful coal mining town. Coal mining declined in the late 1920s, but picked up in the 1930s after extensive irrigation in the area.

During the Second World War, Japanese Canadians were forcibly relocated to Alberta where some were compelled into forced labor, many in sugar beet cultivation, for the duration of the war.

Irrigation helped not only the coal miners, it also brought with it the production of sugar beets. In 1950, a sugar beet processing plant (Roger's Sugar) was built, which has become a vital part of the town's economy.

A number of archaeological discoveries were made in the vicinity of Taber, including that of extinct buffalo, and the so-called "Taber child" in 1961 by the head of a Geological Survey of Canada team Dr. Archie Stalker in the glacial deposits along the east bank of the Oldman River.

Climate
Taber experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). The highest temperature ever recorded in Taber was 40.6 C on 17 July 1936. The coldest temperature ever recorded was -43.3 C on 23 January 1969.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Taber had a population of 8,862 living in 3,347 of its 3,481 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 8,428. With a land area of 19.32 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The population of the Town of Taber according to its 2020 municipal census is 8,711, a NaN% change from its 2015 municipal census population of 8,380.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Taber recorded a population of 8,428 living in 3,159 of its 3,384 total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2011 population of 8,104. With a land area of 15.67 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Economy
Taber's economy is largely based on agriculture. Local produce includes hogs, beef, sheep, poultry, sugar beets, potatoes, peas, carrots, wheat, flax, barley, corn, beans, sunflowers, oats, onions, canola and mustard.

Roger's Sugar is Taber's sugar beet processing plant, which was built in 1950. The factory is owned and operated by Lantic Inc. There are several food processing companies based in the town, including a Frito-Lay factory, which produces various snack products for much of Western Canada. As well, sand and gravel are mined here. To a smaller extent, there is also a significant oil and gas component to the economy.

Cornfest
Cornfest is an annual summer festival held on the last full weekend in August, and includes a midway (rides, booths, and tests of skill) and a stage with performers. It is the largest free family festival in Western Canada, and is organized by the Taber and District Chamber of Commerce. There are a number of corn-based activities, such as corn tasting and stuffing. Corn stuffing involves two people, one wearing an oversized coverall. One of the contestants attempts to stuff as much corn as possible into the other's coverall. Whichever team can put the most corn in the coveralls in the allotted time wins. During Cornfest, large-scale, local corn producers enter their best varieties in the 'Best Corn of the Year' award.

Taber is home to one of the Canada 150 Mosaic murals. It depicts Tank 77 within a field of corn, and the tiles were painted by members of the community. The mural was unveiled in December 2016, and is housed within the Taber Health Clinic.

Government
The Town of Taber gained notoriety when it adopted a bylaw on February 23, 2015, that granted the police and bylaw officials the authority to levy fines for controversial actions including swearing, public assembly, spitting and applying graffiti on one's own private property. The bylaw also implemented a curfew. The adoption met criticism over its appearance of being unconstitutional; violating freedoms of expression and association protected under Section Two of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The town defended its adoption stating the bylaw "is intended to consolidate existing municipal regulations and allow enforcement under a municipal bylaw rather than the Criminal Code" and citing concerns about unnecessary prosecutions clogging the court. Mayor Henk De Vlieger supported the bylaw while stating that town council would review the bylaw after a six-month trial.

Taber Police Service
The Taber Police Service (TPS) is the municipal police force for the Town of Taber. Graham Abela is the current chief of police. The TPS was established in 1904

Education
Kindergarten through grade 12 education is administered in Taber by the Horizon School Division and Holy Spirit Roman Catholic Division. The two high schools in Taber are W.R. Myers High School and St. Mary's School. Taber has a Christian School for kindergarten through grade 9. Other education systems include Community Adult Learning Council, ACE Place Learning Center and a Career Resource Centre.

Sister cities
Taber and Higashiomi are sister towns. In 1981, the Town of Taber and Notogawa, Japan signed the original Twinned Municipalities Agreement. When Notogawa was merged into the City of Higashiomi in 2006, the two municipalities re-signed the Twinning Agreement.

Notable people

 * Gavin Crawford, actor and comedian (This Hour Has 22 Minutes)
 * Brandon Davidson, professional ice hockey player
 * Sally Ito, writer
 * Ron Lloyd, Commander Royal Canadian Navy 2016-2019
 * Corb Lund, Musician
 * Johnny Longden, jockey and horse trainer
 * Devin Setoguchi, professional ice hockey player
 * Kenneth B. Storey, biology professor at Carleton University, among the top 2% of highly cited scientists in the world.

title: Taber, Alberta


text:
Talk:Intermittent claudication

These
These signs are more specific to arterial disease in general than intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication occurs intermittently - when walking. I'll update the definition to reflect that. We should consider removing most of these general signs of arterial disease or amending that section to reflect that....

In addition to what the person above has said; the P's are (poor) signs for an acute occlusion rather than the chronic course of intermittent claudication. The P's should not be described as they are here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dermotmallon (talk • contribs) 12:59, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

Not sure how to edit...but vitamin E has been shown to prevent intermittent claudication, however studies have been poorly designed? Dont know if it's worth adding. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.86.251.66 (talk) 04:50, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

Questionable Information Added
The information under Treatment included a line, Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), oral anticoagulants (warfarin), or chelation therapy is not effective. According to The Natural Pharmacy 3rd Edition, which is a book published by Three Rivers Press of New York, vitamin E and vitamin B3 are some of the nutritional treatments of intermittent claudication.

With no citation or source other than a Natural Nutrition book. I have reworded the paragraph. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.254.16.201 (talk) 05:09, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Redness when limb is returned to a "dependent" position
What is a dependent position for a limb? (And, if not obvious, why is "dependent" quoted?) 78.147.57.47 (talk) 12:54, 28 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Intermittent claudication


text:
Talk:Blitz day

Is this true? I have never heard this before. A quick search on google turns up a lot of Blitz days but for random events, non related to the day after thanksgiving.

Well, the day is usually referred to as Blitz Day by retailers. Most major retailers refer to it as that, most notable of these that I know of are Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. and Target

title: Talk:Blitz day


text:
User talk:Vandersaap

You are not so nice :(

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page you will be blocked from editing. 05:44, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I cannot believe this, yesterday 2 contributions I made were changed/deleted for no good reason. Yet idiots like this member gets a way with having their user page slagging off the site, injustice or what. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mikeipedia (talk • contribs)

title: User talk:Vandersaap


text:
User talk:Trey Temp

User talk:Trey Temp.

title: User talk:Trey Temp


text:
User:Trey Temp

User:Trey Temp.

title: User:Trey Temp


text:
Deedee Corradini

Margaret "Deedee" McMullen Corradini (April 11, 1944 – March 1, 2015) was an American businesswoman and politician who served as the 32nd mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah, from 1992 to 2000. Corradini was the first woman to serve as mayor of Salt Lake City.

Corradini, at the time of her death Senior Vice President for Prudential Utah Real Estate, was also the President of Women's Ski Jumping-USA. She was on the WSJ-USA board, and served as president for three years, taking a lead role in the battle to get women's ski jumping into the Olympic Winter Games.

Life and career
Corradini was born Margaret Louise McMullen (although Deedee was a childhood nickname) in Providence, Rhode Island, the daughter of Marie-Louise (Strehlau) and the Rev. Horace "Mac" Martin McMullen. Corradini attended school in Lebanon and Syria for 11 years as a child. She attended Drew University from 1961 to 1963. She received a Bachelor of Arts in 1965 and a Master's degree in 1967, both in Psychology from the University of Utah. She served as Press Secretary to Congressman Wayne Owens of Utah and then Rep. Richard Ottinger of New York in the early 1970s.

Although Utah leans strongly toward the Republican party, Corradini was a Democrat. This is not unusual for Salt Lake City, which tends to vote Democratic far more than other regions of Utah.

Corradini was fluent in French and Arabic.

Corradini's efforts gave Utah the initial shove that landed the state the 2002 Winter Olympics. Corradini was the first woman to receive the Olympic flag, in front of a television audience of hundreds of millions of viewers, when it was passed to Salt Lake City at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan at the closing ceremonies.

Under Corradini's watch, the city's population experienced a tremendous growth spurt, as the metropolitan area of Salt Lake City and the rest of the state began to grow by thousands of families a month.

But she also endured scrutiny as a result of the fallout of Bonneville Pacific, a publicly traded alternative energy producer that went through bankruptcy proceedings in 1991. While never an executive of the company, Corradini had been a director, and - facing being dragged into years-long legal proceedings which would cost millions regardless of actual responsibility or outcome - agreed to a settlement of $805,000, a huge amount given that no responsibility or liability had or has ever been shown. Corradini was later criticized for soliciting some $231,000 in cash gifts and loans from friends and acquaintances to help pay the settlement; although insinuations were made, particularly in the alternative press, no serious allegations of impropriety were ever advanced. In January 1999, she announced she would not seek reelection the following year.

The ACLU and the First Unitarian Church of Salt Lake City, among others (including her successor Rocky Anderson), were upset with a deal she negotiated on behalf of the city to sell a block of Main Street — then city property — adjacent to Temple Square to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). However, the conversion of this block into a church plaza was one of the 14 major projects put forth by the city in its 1962 Second Century Plan. The 1962 plan stated: "It is proposed that Main Street between the two church blocks either be closed to vehicular traffic or an underpass installed. This would strongly unify these two blocks as a visual anchor on the north end."

During her tenure, Corradini pushed hard (and ultimately successfully) for the relocation of the Union Pacific railroad tracks that divided downtown, pushed through the TRAX light-rail system, and won massive federal funding for reconstruction of the freeway system in advance of the Olympic Games (one of the largest single public works transit projects in recent American history). She also was the guiding force for the construction of the popular baseball stadium for the (then) AAA Salt Lake Buzz, at the time, the farm team for the Minnesota Twins), the redevelopment of a 50-year-old rail yard into the 30-acre (121,000 m2), $375 million The Gateway mixed-use development, resulting in two million square feet (186,000 m2) of shops, restaurants, office space, and housing, a 12-screen movie theatre, the Clark Planetarium, and Discovery Gateway, a children's museum.

Corradini served as the President of the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1998. She was also President of the International Women's Forum, Chair of the Utah Symphony Board of Directors, of which she was a Lifetime Board Member.

Corradini died from lung cancer on March 1, 2015, at the age of 70.

2002 Winter Olympics
Corradini's efforts gave Utah the initial shove that landed the state the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Corradini crisscrossed the globe meeting with International Olympic Committee members for Salt Lake City's 2002 bid. She lobbied the Utah Legislature for a voter-approved sales-tax hike to build winter-sports facilities to help lure the Winter Games.

Corradini was the first woman to receive the Olympic flag, in front of a television audience of hundreds of millions of viewers, when it was passed to Salt Lake City at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan at the closing ceremonies.

Corradini was instrumental in adding women's bobsleigh and skeleton events to the 2002 Olympics in Utah.

Women's ski jumping
Corradini campaigned for the 2002 Winter Olympics as mayor and then led the effort to bring women's ski jumping to the Winter Games. When the International Olympic Committee (IOC) told her and women ski jumpers in 2008 regarding participation in the 2010 Winter Olympics that women would not be allowed to jump, Corradini and other women ski jump advocates then filed suit in Canada, suggesting that exclusion of the event violated the human rights of the athletes. The lawsuit was rejected before the 2010 Winter Olympics. In 2011, based on improvements in performance and participation, the IOC gave its approval to add women's ski jumping,starting with the upcoming 2014 Winter Olympics. For nearly a decade, Corradini had led the fight, which included an appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada when athletes fought for the right to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics.The IOC twice ruled against adding the sport to the Vancouver Games, saying participation worldwide wasn't widespread enough.

After women's ski jumping was added to the Olympic program, Corradini said: "We have only one event, and that's the normal hill jump. The men have normal hill, large hill, the team event and Nordic combined. We're already thinking 2018 to become really equal with the men, so we still have our work cut out for us."

SLC Transit
During her tenure, Corradini pushed hard (and ultimately successfully) for the relocation of the Union Pacific railroad tracks that divided downtown, pushed through the TRAX light-rail system, and won massive federal funding for reconstruction of the freeway system in advance of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games (one of the largest single public works transit projects in recent American history).

Corradini became an early advocate for light rail, which debuted on Main Street in the final year of her mayoral run. She helped lay the groundwork for a transportation hub that connects TRAX, FrontRunner commuter trains and buses in what used to be the city's red-light district.

In championing the initial TRAX spur, Corradini ran into stiff resistance from business owners, who balked at having Main Street torn up for months of construction to accommodate the rails.

Infrastructure
Corradini pushed to renovate the blighted west side of the city's business district with an ambitious 50-block project that involved moving roads, bridges and freeway corridors. That paved the way for The Gateway shopping and residential center — a $375 million mixed-use development boasting 2 million square feet of shops, restaurants, offices and housing, as well as a 12-screen movie theater, a planetarium and a children's museum.

Corradini also led the effort to renovate Salt Lake City International Airport and added a third runway.

Community involvement and awards

 * President of the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1998
 * President of Women's Ski Jumping USA for more than 10 years
 * President of the International Women's Forum
 * Chair of the Utah Symphony Board of Directors, of which she was a Lifetime Board Member
 * Served on the board of Utah Power and Light
 * One of the first female members of the Alta Club
 * Senior Distinguished Fellow in Urban Studies at The Richard W. Riley Institute of Government, Politics and Public Leadership at Furman University
 * Senior Vice President of Prudential Utah Real Estate
 * In 2012, Corradini was recognized by Women's eNews as part of the "21 Leaders for the 21st Century."
 * Presented with a World Championships bib, signed by 30 of the top women jumpers in the world in 2015

title: Deedee Corradini


text:
Appleton Wiske

Appleton Wiske is a small village and civil parish that sits between Northallerton and Yarm in the Vale of York, a flat tract of land that runs between the North Yorkshire Moors to the east, the Yorkshire Dales to the west and the River Tees to the north.

The village, which was known as Apletona in the Domesday Book, eventually took the name of the nearby River Wiske to distinguish itself from other Appletons in the area, such as Appleton-le-Moors.

History
Appleton Wiske - today just a tiny parish within the Hambleton District of North Yorkshire - is actually one of the 41 ancient parishes of the Wapentake of Langbaurgh in the Cleveland division of the North Riding of Yorkshire. It was also a part of the sessional division of Yarm.

The parish was gifted by William the Conqueror to Robert de Brus of Skelton, an ancestor of Robert the Bruce, the famous Scottish king. De Brus's son gave it to St. Mary's Abbey, York, along with Hornby and other lands. It remained in the possession of the St. Mary's until the dissolution of monasteries, when it was granted by Henry VIII to Charles Brandon, who later became the Duke of Suffolk. The parish then passed through several hands and was finally split up in the early 19th century after the death of Robert Henry Allan, whose family had owned the parish since the early 18th century.

The village is thought to date back to Saxon times and is referred to in the Domesday Book as Apletona. St Mary's Church, Appleton Wiske is not quite as old - the first reference to it is in 1299, when Edward I visited and heard Mass. Parish records indicate that it was being called The Chapel of St Mary Magdalen in Appleton by 1586. It is a small Norman structure, consisting of nave, chancel and porch. The church is now a grade II listed structure, as is the Wesleyan Methodist chapel built in 1821.

In the First World War, 38 acre of land to the north east of the village was used by two squadrons of the Royal Air Force in the Home Defence role. The squadrons were based at RAF Ripon and used Appleton Wiske as a Relief Landing Ground (RLG). Whilst the airfield was scoped out for a possible role in the Second World War, it was never used.

In 2009 it was suggested that a planning application for nine wind turbines was due to be raised with Hambleton District Council. With each turbine planned to be 125 m high and the nearest some 800 yd from the village, a group of villagers formed the still existent North Hambleton Windfarm Action Group (NHWAG) to oppose the development.

Geography
The village is 7.5 mi north east of Northallerton and 7 km south west of Yarm. The River Wiske passes to the immediate south of the village on its long journey to the North Sea at Spurn Head.

Education
Appleton Wiske Primary School has a roll of around 80 to 90 pupils with an age range of four to eleven. Children from East Harsley attend Appleton Wiske Primary School alongside children from the village itself. All are in the catchment area for Northallerton School and Sixth Form College.

Plaudits
The village won a gold medal in Yorkshire in Bloom in 2006, 2007 and 2008, also winning best village in 2008. Appleton Wiske has also represented Yorkshire and Humberside three times in the national Britain in Bloom competition. In 2002 winning a silver medal, in 2004 a Silver-Gilt and Best Village and in 2009 a gold medal.

title: Appleton Wiske


text:
Category:Okinawa Prefecture

Okinawa Prefecture (沖縄県) is a prefecture located in the Kyūshū region on the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. "Okinawa" in Okinawan language is Uchinā.

title: Category:Okinawa Prefecture


text:
Tom Wesselmann

Thomas K. Wesselmann (February 23, 1931 – December 17, 2004) was an American artist associated with the Pop Art movement who worked in painting, collage and sculpture.

Early years
Wesselmann was born in Cincinnati.

From 1949 to 1951 he attended college in Ohio; first at Hiram College, and then transferred to major in Psychology at the University of Cincinnati. He was drafted into the US Army in 1952, but spent his service years stateside. During that time he made his first cartoons, and became interested in pursuing a career in cartooning. After his discharge he completed his psychology degree in 1954, whereupon he began to study drawing at the Art Academy of Cincinnati. He achieved some initial success when he sold his first cartoon strips to the magazines 1000 Jokes and True.

Cooper Union accepted him in 1956, and he continued his studies in New York. During a visit to the MoMA he was inspired by the Robert Motherwell painting Elegy to the Spanish Republic: “The first aesthetic experience… He felt a sensation of high visceral excitement in his stomach, and it seemed as though his eyes and stomach were directly connected”.

Wesselmann also admired the work of Willem de Kooning, but he soon rejected action painting: “He realized he had to find his own passion he felt he had to deny to himself all that he loved in de Kooning, and go in as opposite a direction as possible."

For Wesselmann, 1958 was a pivotal year. A landscape painting trip to Cooper Union's Green Camp in rural New Jersey, brought him to the realization that he could pursue painting, rather than cartooning, as a career.

1959–1964
After graduation, Wesselmann became one of the founding members of the Judson Gallery, along with Marc Ratliff and Jim Dine, also from Cincinnati, who had just arrived in New York. He and Ratliff showed a number of small collages in a two-man exhibition at Judson Gallery. He began to teach art at a public school in Brooklyn, and later at the High School of Art and Design.

Wesselmann's series Great American Nude (begun 1961) first brought him to the attention of the art world. After a dream concerning the phrase "red, white, and blue", he decided to paint a Great American Nude in a palette limited to those colors and any colors associated with patriotic motifs such as gold and khaki. The series incorporated representational images with an accordingly patriotic theme, such as American landscape photos and portraits of founding fathers. Often these images were collaged from magazines and discarded posters, which called for a larger format than Wesselmann had used previously. As works began to approach a giant scale he approached advertisers directly to acquire billboards.

Through Henry Geldzahler, Wesselmann met Alex Katz, who offered him a show at the Tanager Gallery. Wesselmann's first solo show was held there later that year, representing both the large and small Great American Nude collages. In 1962, Richard Bellamy offered him a one-man exhibition at the Green Gallery. About the same time, Ivan Karp of the Leo Castelli Gallery put Wesselmann in touch with several collectors and talked to him about Roy Lichtenstein and James Rosenquist’s works. These Wesselmann viewed without noting any similarities with his own {S. Stealingworth, p. 25}.

While not a cohesive movement, the idea of Pop Art (a name coined by Lawrence Alloway and others) was gradually spreading among international art critics and the public. In As Henry Geldzahler observed: "About a year and a half ago I saw the works of Wesselmann..., Warhol, Rosenquist and Lichtenstein in their studios (it was more or less July 1961). They were working independently, unaware of each other, but drawing on a common source of imagination. In the space of a year and a half they put on exhibitions, created a movement and we are now here discussing the matter in a conference. This is instant history of art, a history of art that became so aware of itself as to make a leap that went beyond art itself".

The Sidney Janis Gallery held the New Realists exhibition in November 1962, which included works by the American artists Jim Dine, Robert Indiana, Roy Lichtenstein, Claes Oldenburg, James Rosenquist, George Segal, and Andy Warhol; and Europeans such as Arman, Enrico Baj, Christo, Yves Klein, Tano Festa, Mimmo Rotella, Jean Tinguely, and Mario Schifano. It followed the Nouveau Réalisme exhibition at the Galerie Rive Droite in Paris, and marked the international debut of the artists who soon gave rise to what came to be called Pop Art in Britain and The United States and Nouveau Réalisme on the European continent. Wesselmann took part in the New Realist show with some reservations, exhibiting two 1962 works: Still life #17 and Still life #22.

Wesselmann never liked his inclusion in American Pop Art, pointing out how he made an aesthetic use of everyday objects and not a criticism of them as consumer objects: “I dislike labels in general and 'Pop' in particular, especially because it overemphasizes the material used. There does seem to be a tendency to use similar materials and images, but the different ways they are used denies any kind of group intention”.

That year, Wesselmann had begun working on a new series of still lifes. experimenting with assemblage as well as collage. In Still Life #28 he included a television set that was turned on, "interested in the competitive demands that a TV, with moving images and giving off light and sound, can make on painted portions". He concentrated on the juxtapositions of different elements and depictions, which were at the time truly exciting for him: "Not just the differences between what they were, but the aura each had with it ... A painted pack of cigarettes next to a painted apple wasn’t enough for me. They are both the same kind of thing. But if one is from a cigarette ad and the other a painted apple, they are two different realities and they trade on each other ... This kind of relationship helps establish a momentum throughout the picture ... At first glance, my pictures seem well behaved, as if – that is a still life, O.K. But these things have such crazy give-and-take that I feel they get really very wild". He married Claire Selley in November 1963.

In 1964 Ben Birillo, an artist and business partner of gallery owner Paul Bianchini, contacted Wesselmann and other Pop artists with the goal of organizing The American Supermarket at the Bianchini Gallery in New York. This was an installation of a large supermarket where Pop works (Warhol's Campbell's Soup, Watts's colored wax eggs etc.) were shown among real food and neon signs. In the same year Wesselmann began working on landscapes, including one that includes the noise of a Volkswagen starting up. The first shaped canvas nudes also appeared this year.

1965–1970
Wesselmann's works in these years: Great American Nude #53, Great American Nude #57, show an accentuated, more explicit sensuality, as though celebrating the rediscovered sexual fulfilment of his new relationship. He carried on working on his landscapes, but also made the Great American Nude #82, reworking the nude in a third dimension not defined by drawn lines but by medium: molded Plexiglas modeled on the female figure, then painted. His compositional focus also became more daring, narrowing down to isolate a single detail: the Mouth series began in 1965, his Seascapes began the following year. Two other new subjects also appeared: Bedroom Painting and Smoker Study,  the latter of which developed from observation of his model for the Mouth series. The Smoker Study series of works would become one of the most recurrent themes in the 1970s.

Beginning in 1965, Wesselmann made several studies for seascapes in oil while vacationing on Cape Cod and in upstate New York. In his New York City studio, he used an old projector to enlarge them into large-format works. These views, called the Drop-Out series were constructed from the negative space around a breast. The breast and torso frame one side of the image while the arm and the leg form the other two sides. This series of works would become one of the most recurrent themes in the 1970s. He started working on shaped canvases and opted for increasingly large formats.

He worked constantly on the Bedroom Painting series, in which elements of the Great American Nude, Still Lifes and Seascapes were juxtaposed. With these works Wesselmann began to concentrate on a few details of the figure such as hands, feet, and breasts, surrounded by flowers and objects. The Bedroom Paintings shifted the focus and scale of the attendant objects around a nude; these objects are small in relation to the nude, but become major, even dominant elements when the central element is a body part. The breast of a woman concealed behind a wall appeared in a box among Wesselmann's sculpted still life elements in a piece entitled Bedroom Tit Box, a key work that “...in its realness and internal scale (the scale relationships between the elements) represents the basic idea of the Bedroom Painting”.

1970s
Wesselmann made Still Life #59, five panels that form a large, complex dimensional, freestanding painting: here too the elements are enlarged, and part of a telephone can be seen. A nail-polish bottle is tipped up on one side, and there is a vase of roses with a crumpled handkerchief next to it, and the framed portrait of a woman, actress Mary Tyler Moore, whom Wesselmann considered as the ideal prototype girlfriend. These are works in which he made more recognizable portraits, with a less anonymous feel. In Bedroom painting #12, he inserted a self-portrait. Still Life #60 appeared in 1974: the monumental outline, almost 26 ft long, of the sunglasses acts as a frame for the lipstick, nail polish and jewelry; a microcosm of contemporary femininity that Wesselmann took to the level of gigantism.

His Smokers continued to change: he introduced the hand, with polished fingernails sparkling in the smoke. In 1973 he brought to an end the series devoted to the Great American Nude with The Great American Nude #100. But of course the incontrovertible sensuality of Wesselmann's nudes was constantly accompanied by an ironic guiding thread that was clearly revealed in the artist's own words: “Painting, sex, and humor are the most important things in my life." In 1978 Wesselmann started work on a new series of Bedroom Paintings. In these works he revised the formal construction of the composition, which was now cut by a diagonal, with one entire section being taken up by a woman's face in the very near foreground.

1980s
In 1980 Wesselmann published the monograph Tom Wesselmann, an autobiography written under the pseudonym Slim Stealingworth. His second daughter, Kate, was born; previous children were Jenny and Lane.

In 1983 Wesselmann was seized by the idea of doing a drawing in steel, as if the lines on paper could be lifted off and placed on a wall. Once in place the drawings appeared to be drawn directly on the wall. This idea preceded the available technology for lasers to mechanically cut metal with the accuracy Wesselmann needed. He had to invest in the development of a system that could accomplish this, but it took another year for that to be ready.

The incorporation of negative space that had begun in the Drop-Out series was continued into a new medium and format. They started out as works in black and white, enabling him to redevelop the theme of the nude and its composition. Wesselmann took his idea further and decided to make them in color as well. As well as colored metal nudes, in 1984 he started working on rapid landscape sketches that were then enlarged and fabricated in aluminum.

Obliged by the use of metals to experiment with various techniques, Wesselmann cut works in aluminum by hand; for steel he researched and developed the first artistic use of laser-cut metal. Computerized imaging had not yet been developed.

1990s
Wesselmann's metal works continued to go through a constant metamorphosis: My Black Belt (1990), a seventies subject, acquired a new vivacity that forcefully defined space in the new medium. The Drawing Society produced a video directed by Paul Cummings, in which Wesselmann makes a portrait of a model and a work in aluminum.

“Since 1993 I’ve basically been an abstract painter. This is what happened: in 1984 I started making steel and aluminum cut-out figures... One day I got muddled up with the remnants and I was struck by the infinite variety of abstract possibilities. That was when I understood I was going back to what I had desperately been aiming for in 1959, and I started making abstract three-dimensional images in cut metal. I was happy and free to go back to what I wanted: but this time not on De Kooning’s terms but on mine". In this new abstract format Wesselmann preferred a random approach, and made compositions in which the metal cut-outs resembled gestural brushstrokes.

His nudes on canvas of this period rework 1960s images. “[They constitute] an unexpected but highly satisfying nostalgic return to a youthful episode in the very midst of one of the most radical changes of style in Wesselmann’s career. Self-contained and complete in themselves, they seem more likely to stand alone rather than to lead to further reinterpretations of Sixties motifs. In other words they should not be taken as a sign that Wesselmann is embarking on an extended re-engagement with his classic Pop phase...”. In 1999 he made his final Smoker work, Smoker #1 (3-D), as a relief in aluminum.

2000–2004
In the last ten years, Wesselmann's health was worsened by heart disease, but his studio output remained constant.

The abstract works display firmer lines and a chromatic range that favored primary colors. Wesselmann acknowledged the influence of Mondrian by choosing titles that recall the earlier painter's works: New York City Beauty (2001). In these years, the influence of Matisse diminished the border between Wesselmann's figurative and abstract styles. In 1960 Wesselmann had been able to view the works of the French master in person at the MoMA's Gouaches Découpées (Gouache Cut-outs) exhibition, and forty years later he paid homage in his Sunset Nudes series. In Sunset Nude with Matisse, 2002, he inserted Matisse's painting La Blouse Roumaine (1939–1940). Wesselmann also derived works from Matisse's cut-outs: Blue Nude (2000), initiated a series of blue nude reliefs sculpted in shaped aluminum.

Following surgery for his heart condition, Tom Wesselmann died of complications on December 17, 2004. His last major paintings of the series Sunset Nudes (2003/2004) were shown after his death at the Robert Miller Gallery in New York in April 2006.

Personal life
In 1957 Wesselmann met Claire Selley, another Cooper Union student who was to become his friend, model, and in 1963, his wife. They had two daughters and a son.

Legacy
The years following Wesselmann's death were marked by a renewed interest in his work. Museo d’Arte Contemporanea Roma (MACRO) exhibited a retrospective in 2005, accompanied by a comprehensive catalogue. The following year L&M Arts in New York held a major exhibition of works from the 1960s. Two galleries; Maxwell Davidson and Yvon Lambert, jointly showed the Drop-Out series in New York in 2007. This coincided with the release of a new monograph on the artist, written by John Wilmerding and published by Rizzoli, Tom Wesselmann, His Voice and Vision.

Wesselmann was a self-described fan of country music, and sometimes incorporated operating radios, TVs, or other sound elements into his works. A retrospective show Tom Wesselmann und die Pop Art : pictures on the wall of your heart (2008–2009) at Städtische Galerie in Ravensburg, Germany featured music recordings of his band, courtesy of his estate.

Another show, in 2010 by Maxwell Davidson, Tom Wesselmann: Plastic Works, was the first ever survey of Wesselmann's work in formed plastic. A lifetime retrospective of drawings, Tom Wesselmann Draws, was shown at Haunch of Venison Gallery, New York, and then traveled to The Museum of Fine Art, Fort Lauderdale, FL, at Nova Southeastern University, and The Kreeger Museum in Washington, DC. A lifetime retrospective, the first in North America, opened at The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in May, 2012, and travelled to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Cincinnati Art Museum.

title: Tom Wesselmann


text:
Deomyinae

The subfamily Deomyinae consists of four genera of mouse-like rodents that were previously placed in the subfamilies Murinae and Dendromurinae. They are sometimes called the Acomyinae, particularly in references that antedate the discovery that the link rat, Deomys ferugineus, is part of the clade. Deomyinae is the older name and therefore has priority over Acomyinae.

Deomyines share no morphological characteristics that can be used to separate them from other muroids, though subtle aspects of the third upper molar have been suggested. This subfamily is united solely on the basis of shared genetic mutations. These conclusions have demonstrated good statistical support using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and DNA-DNA hybridization.

Because of the lack of physical characteristics supporting this group, it is very possible that the subfamily as it is currently recognized is subject to enlargement. Many of the genera currently placed in the Murinae or Dendromurinae have not yet been included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis.

All genera are found in Africa, suggesting the deomyines may have originated there. The spiny mice, Acomys spp., are also found in Asia.

Individuals from every genus in the subfamily have been found to possess tail osteoderms, which are rarely seen in mammals.

Classification
The four genera and 54 species included in the Deomyinae are:

 * Subfamily Deomyinae
 * Genus Acomys – spiny mice
 * Western Saharan spiny mouse, Acomys airensis
 * Cairo spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus
 * Chudeau's spiny mouse, Acomys chudeaui
 * Asia Minor spiny mouse, Acomys cilicicus
 * Gray spiny mouse, Acomys cineraceus
 * Eastern spiny mouse, Acomys dimidiatus
 * Fiery spiny mouse, Acomys ignitus
 * Johan's spiny mouse, Acomys johannis
 * Kemp's spiny mouse, Acomys kempi
 * Louise's spiny mouse,  Acomys louisae
 * Crete spiny mouse, Acomys minous
 * Mullah spiny mouse, Acomys mullah
 * Muze spiny mouse, Acomys muzei
 * Cyprus spiny mouse, Acomys nesiotes
 * Nguru spiny mouse, Acomys ngurui
 * Percival's spiny mouse, Acomys percivali
 * Golden spiny mouse, Acomys russatus
 * Seurat's spiny mouse, Acomys seurati
 * Southern African spiny mouse, Acomys spinosissimus
 * Cape spiny mouse, Acomys subspinosus
 * Wilson's spiny mouse, Acomys wilsoni
 * Genus Deomys
 * Link rat, Deomys ferrugineus
 * Genus Lophuromys - brush-furred mice
 * Subgenus Kivumys
 * Yellow-bellied brush-furred rat, Lophuromys luteogaster
 * Medium-tailed brush-furred rat, Lophuromys medicaudatus
 * Woosnam's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys woosnami
 * Subgenus Lophuromys
 * Angolan brush-furred rat, Lophuromys angolensis
 * Ansorge's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys ansorgei
 * Gray brush-furred rat, Lophuromys aquilus
 * Short-tailed brush-furred rat, Lophuromys brevicaudus
 * Thomas's Ethiopian brush-furred rat, Lophuromys brunneus
 * Mount Chercher brush-furred rat, Lophuromys chercherensis
 * Ethiopian forest brush-furred rat, Lophuromys chrysopus
 * Dieterlen's brush-furred mouse, Lophuromys dieterleni
 * Dudu's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys dudui
 * Eisentraut's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys eisentrauti
 * Yellow-spotted brush-furred rat, Lophuromys flavopunctatus
 * Hutterer's brush-furred mouse, Lophuromys huttereri
 * Kilonzo's brush furred rat, Lophuromys kilonzoi
 * Lophuromys laticeps
 * Machandu's brush furred rat, Lophuromys machangui
 * Makundi's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys makundii
 * Lophuromys margarettae
 * Black-clawed brush-furred rat, Lophuromys melanonyx
 * North Western Rift brush-furred rat, Lophuromys menageshae
 * Fire-bellied brush-furred rat, Lophuromys nudicaudus
 * Sheko Forest brush-furred rat, Lophuromys pseudosikapusi
 * Rahm's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys rahmi
 * Lophuromys rita
 * Mount Cameroon brush-furred rat, Lophuromys roseveari
 * Sabuni's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys sabunii
 * Rusty-bellied brush-furred rat, Lophuromys sikapusi
 * Lophuromys simensis
 * Stanley's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys stanleyi
 * Verhagen's brush-furred mouse, Lophuromys verhageni
 * Zena's brush-furred rat, Lophuromys zena
 * Genus Uranomys
 * Rudd's mouse, Uranomys ruddi

title: Deomyinae


text:
Southeastern Connecticut

The Southeastern Connecticut region comprises, as the name suggests, the southeastern corner of the state of Connecticut. It is sometimes referred to as New London County or by the tourist slogan Mystic and More.

Southeastern Connecticut has historically been an area heavily dependent on traditional New England economic activities such as fishing, whaling, oystering, and the defense industry. In the present day, the area remains the primary home of the state's fishing and shellfish activity but has since diversified its economic base to include tourism, gambling, and other services.

The area is home to the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, a United States Navy base in Groton (also home to Electric Boat where the first U.S. nuclear submarine, USS Nautilus (SSN-571), was launched, on January 21, 1954), a Pfizer research facility, and the Mohegan Sun and Foxwoods casinos.

Definitions
There are several official definitions for the region. In all definitions, the following 20 towns are always included:
 * Bozrah
 * Colchester
 * East Lyme
 * Franklin
 * Griswold
 * Groton (town and separate central city)
 * Jewett City
 * Lebanon
 * Ledyard
 * Lisbon
 * Montville
 * New London (central city)
 * North Stonington
 * Norwich (central city)
 * Preston
 * Salem
 * Sprague
 * Stonington (town and separate borough)
 * Voluntown
 * Waterford
 * Windham

Southeastern Connecticut
This is an official region administered by the Southeastern Connecticut Council of Governments. It consists of 18 towns and oversees land use and transportation infrastructure planning for its member towns.

Southeast Service Delivery Area
This definition adds the towns of Lyme, Old Lyme, and Voluntown to the 16 core towns listed above for a total of 19 towns.

New England City and Town Area
The Norwich-New London-Westerly NECTA is the metropolitan area surrounding the Norwich/New London urbanized area using towns as building blocks. This definition contains 22 towns and adds the towns of Canterbury, Lyme, Old Lyme, Voluntown, as well as the towns of Westerly and Hopkinton in Rhode Island (the latter of which now became part of the Providence–Fall River–Warwick, RI-MA NECTA).

Metropolitan Statistical Area
The Norwich-New London MSA is a metropolitan area definition using counties as building blocks. It consists of the 21 towns of New London County and adds the towns of Lyme and Old Lyme.

New London Labor Market Area
This definition contains 22 towns and adds the towns of Canterbury, Old Lyme, Old Saybrook, and Plainfield, as well as two towns in Rhode Island: Hopkinton and Westerly.

Ethnicity
Southeastern Connecticut's largest ethnic group is composed of Irish-Americans, followed by Italian-Americans, Polish-Americans, and colonial British descent Americans historically referenced as “Swamp Yankees.” There is also a large Latino population mainly from Puerto Rico, followed by the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, and Ecuador. There is an African-American presence in many municipalities, and many Asian communities in different parts of the region. The Pequot and Mohegan tribes both have their own reservations and casinos, along with a strong identity to their culture, though most tribal members only have partial Native American ancestry. Southeastern Connecticut is an ethnically diverse region.

title: Southeastern Connecticut


text:
Oxaprozin

Oxaprozin, also known as oxaprozinum, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), used to relieve the inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Chemically, it is a propionic acid derivative. Safety and efficacy has been established in children over 6 years with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis only, and there is an increased risk of adverse reactions in the elderly population.

It was patented in 1967 and approved for medical use in 1983.

Medical uses
In 2015, oxaprozin was one of twenty NSAIDs included in a clinical trial to compare the efficacy of NSAIDs in the short-term treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The NSAIDs were compared by completing randomized controlled trials of NSAIDs in patients with active AS. Efficacy reported at 2–12 weeks and adverse effects were examined. Efficacy was measured by change in pain score and change in the duration of morning stiffness. A total of 26 trials with a total of 3410 participants were completed (58% of the trials had fewer than 50 participants). While all 20 NSAIDs were found to reduce more pain than the placebo, 15 were found to be significantly better. In regards to the decrease of morning stiffness and the likelihood of adverse events, there was no significant difference between NSAIDs. It was concluded that etoricoxib was more effective in reducing pain of AS, however due to small studies and insufficient evidence, no one NSAID could be determined to be the most effective treatment of AS. After etoricoxib, patients taking oxaprozin experienced the least amount of pain with fewer adverse effects than naproxen.

Adverse effects
In October 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the drug label to be updated for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications to describe the risk of kidney problems in unborn babies that result in low amniotic fluid. They recommend avoiding NSAIDs in pregnant women at 20 weeks or later in pregnancy.

History
Oxaprozin was developed and patented by Wyeth-Ayerst. The US patent 3578671, Oxazoles, was filed November 6, 1967 and published May 11, 1971. Following the filing of the patent, the first description of oxaprozin exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties was outlined in the article Diaryloxazole and diaylthiazolealkanoci acids: two novel series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. This article was published in Nature in 1968. In December 1988, Wyeth-Ayerst licensed the marketing rights for the US, Canada, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean to Searle.

Daypro became available January 5, 1993. Upon its release, “The Pink Sheet” estimated that the average whole sale price of Searle's Daypro was $112.30 for 100 (600 mg) tablets. The price was comparable to other prescription NSAIDs.

FDA approval
The oxaprozin new drug application (NDA 18-841) was submitted to the FDA on August 10, 1982. The drug was granted an “NDA Day” review on June 15–16, 1992. After Searle agreed to complete seven Phase IV postmarketing studies on October 22, the FDA approved Daypro on October 29, 1992.

Since the approval of Daypro by Searle, other companies have submitted abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs) to the FDA. Daypro by Searle is listed as the Reference Listed Drug to prove the bioequivalence of the ANDAs. Below is a table listing all of the approved oxaprozin products.

Recalls
Advantage Dose LLC recalled oxaprozin tablets on November 26, 2008. The company was not in conformance with cGMP. (Recall #D-837-2009)

title: Oxaprozin


text:
Warren Steen

Warren Steen (July 22, 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba – August 19, 2009) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1975 to 1986, as a Progressive Conservative.

Biography
The son of Manley Steen, he was educated at the University of Winnipeg. Steen was executive assistant for Manitoba Minister of Agriculture George Hutton from 1962 to 1963. He served as an alderman in the old city of Winnipeg from 1970 to 1971, and as a Councillor in the amalgamated city from 1971 to 1975.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in a 1975 by-election in the central Winnipeg riding of Crescentwood, defeating Liberal leader Charles Huband by 169 votes (the former MLA, New Democrat Harvey Patterson, finished third). Two years later, in the general election of 1977, he retained the seat against New Democrat Muriel Smith by 72 votes, with Huband dropping to third place. The Progressive Conservatives won this election, although Steen was not called to join the cabinet of Premier Sterling Lyon.

The Progressive Conservatives were defeated in the 1981 election, although ironically Steen was re-elected in the riding of River Heights by an increased majority. He retained his seat until the 1986 provincial election, when he was defeated by new Liberal leader Sharon Carstairs (it may be noted that this was the only seat won by the Liberal Party in this election). He did not attempt a return to provincial politics after this time.

After leaving politics, Steen worked in the insurance industry as a life underwriter.

He died at the St. Boniface Hospital in Winnipeg at the age of 69.

His brother Robert was also a member of the Manitoba assembly and served as Winnipeg mayor.

title: Warren Steen


text:
User talk:Djdeaf@gmail.com

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! - Borofkin 05:50, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has now been reverted or removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing in articles will normally be reverted quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Dori | Talk 05:10, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Djdeaf@gmail.com


text:
James Deetz

James Deetz (February 8, 1930 – November 25, 2000) was an American anthropologist, often known as one of the fathers of historical archaeology. His work focused on culture change and the cultural aspects inherent in the historic and archaeological record, and was concerned primarily with the Massachusetts and Virginia colonies. James Deetz was interested in obtaining valuable information that could be used to better understand the lives of early North American colonists, natives, and African Americans. He investigated a variety of material culture related to these groups to better comprehend their social behavior.

In 1997 Deetz received the J. C. Harrington Award, presented by the Society for Historical Archaeology for his life-time contributions to archaeology centered on scholarship.

Biography
Deetz was born in Cumberland, Maryland, coal country, and was the first in his family to finish high school, much less follow with three Harvard degrees on a full scholarship. He felt a particular affinity for author John Updike and regretted that their times at Harvard did not overlap.

Deetz received his BA, MA, and PhD degrees from Harvard. Following college, Deetz enlisted in the United States Air Force. He served for four years before he was honorably discharged in 1955.

In 1957, he began working on the River Basin Survey site in Missouri. This work inspired him to get his PhD dissertation in "An Archaeological Approach to Kinship Change in Eighteenth Century Arikara Culture." Deetz then became an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of California. He also taught at University of California, Santa Barbara, Harvard, Brown, William and Mary, the University of Cape Town, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Virginia. While teaching at the University of California, Deetz teamed up with J. O. Brew and Harry Hornblower to excavate sites related to North American colonial archaeology. He would later meet Henry Glassie who was his inspiration to write In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life, which was published in 1977.

By the time he was an established scholar, he was active in evaluating grant applications for the National Endowment for the Sciences and was particularly fond of having approved the construction of a 19th-century settlement village proposed to be burned to the ground so that the patterns of nail distribution could be studied to allow more accurate reconstruction of archaeological sites.

Deetz was appointed assistant director at Plimoth Plantation in 1959, and implemented changes to the way the heritage site was run. He removed everything which would not have been in the settlement in 1637, such as interpretative signs, and introduced first-person interpretation by costumed staff: "part of a simulation of life in which all senses are involved, feeling, thinking, and acting in an environment as close to reality as research could make it". Deetz and his wife, Jody Deetz, brought up their nine children whilst he was working at the site. Deetz worked at Plimoth Plantation until 1978, when he took up a position at University of California, Berkeley.

Contributions
Deetz emphasized the importance of analyzing the physical artifacts themselves, rather than just interpreting them from archaeological reports. Deetz wrote more than 60 articles and books, influencing the style of how authors in the field of archaeology write. One of Deetz's most famous works, In Small Things Forgotten, he used a simple yet sophisticated writing style which incorporated detailed examples of his research, including the methods and theories of his works. This book is still used in introductory archaeology classrooms today because of its ability to be understood at a basic level.

Deetz was one of the first archaeologists to foresee the influence that technology could have on the evolution of archaeology. While working on a site in Massachusetts in 1959, Deetz was able to tie in technology into the archaeological profession. He wrote a program that was used in an IBM mainframe computer, which was able to sort rim sherds based on specific characteristics of each individual piece. The program successfully differentiated and sorted the different sherds. The success of his program illustrated how archaeology can be more accurate by eliminating the human bias from rim sherd sorting. Programming today is now a much more efficient and accurate process than from the past, meaning archaeologists now routinely use its power in their work. Jim Deetz was able to influence the use of technology in the field of archaeology, making the profession much more accurate.

Published works

 * The Times of Their Lives: Life, Love, and Death in Plymouth Colony. (With Patricia Scott Deetz). New York: W.H. Freeman. 2000.
 * In Small Things Forgotten: An Archaeology of Early American Life. (Expanded and revised edition). New York: Anchor, Doubleday. 1996.
 * Flowerdew Hundred: The Archaeology of a Virginia Plantation, 1619- 1864. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 1993.
 * The Transformation of British Culture in the Eastern Cape, 1820-1860 (with Margot Winer). Social Dynamics vol. 16 no.1 pp. 55–75. 1990.
 * American Historical Archaeology: Methods and Results. Science vol. 239, January 22: 362–7. 1988.
 * History and Archaeological Theory: Walter Taylor Revisited. American Antiquity 53(1):13-22. 1988.
 * In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life. New York: Doubleday. 1977.
 * Invitation to Archaeology. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press. 1967

title: James Deetz