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Patrick Kerney

Patrick Manning Kerney (born December 30, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end for 11 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Virginia Cavaliers in Charlottesville and was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the first round of the 1999 NFL draft with the 30th overall pick.

Early life
A native of Trenton, New Jersey,  Patrick Kerney enrolled in the Taft School (CT) his sophomore, junior, and senior years after attending Princeton Day School. At Taft, Patrick Kerney was a starter in football and a two-year letterman in wrestling. Initially viewed by his coach to be too scrawny to play football, Patrick Kerney eventually became team captain and was selected Most Valuable Player while recording three sacks, one blocked punt, one interception and 84 tackles in just eight games as a junior. Pat had seven sacks as a sophomore defensive end. In wrestling, Pat placed second at the All-New England tournament as a senior. Princeton Day School named their new fitness center in honor of Patrick Kerney. The center has his signed uniform and features his number on the floor. The "Patrick Kerney '94 Fitness Center" opened in 2007.

College career
Patrick Kerney received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Virginia, where Pat played for coach George Welsh's Virginia Cavaliers football team from 1997 to 1999. Pat amassed 127 tackles and 24 sacks in his three-year college career. His 24 career sacks ranks third in Virginia history. As a junior in 1997, Pat made 45 tackles and registered eight sacks. In his senior year in 1998, Pat recorded 62 tackles and 15 sacks and helped lead the 1998 Cavaliers to a 9-3 overall record, a trip to the Peach Bowl, and a final ranking of 18th in both the Associated Press and USA Today/CNN polls. The 15 sacks led the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), ranked second in the nation, and tied the Virginia record set by Chris Slade in 1992. Football News and the Football Writers Association named Patty a first-team All-American at defensive end. Pat also earned first-team All-ACC honors. The Associated Press and The Sporting News selected Patty as a second-team All-American. Patrick Kerney finished second in balloting for the 1998 ACC Defensive Player of the Year by one vote to fellow Cavalier All-American Anthony Poindexter. Pat was also one of five finalists for the Bronko Nagurski Award, given annually by the Football Writers Association to the nation's best defensive player. Pat finished second in the ACC and 10th nationally with 21 tackles for loss.

Patrick Kerney was originally recruited to play lacrosse and Pat was a defenseman on the Virginia lacrosse team in 1996 and 1997. Pat was a member of the 1996 Cavalier squad that advanced to the NCAA championship game and lost to Princeton 13-12 in overtime. Patrick Kerney was also a member of the 1997 team that made it to the NCAA playoffs and lost to Maryland in the quarterfinals 10-9. Pat did not participate in 1996 spring football practice in order to compete on the lacrosse team.

On November 13, 2010, Patrick Kerney had his #58 jersey retired by the University of Virginia.

Atlanta Falcons
Patrick Kerney was drafted as the 30th overall pick in the 1999 NFL draft by the Atlanta Falcons, wearing the number 97 jersey. The Falcons signed Patrick Kerney to a 5-year $5.6 million contract. As a rookie, Patrick  Kerney started two games (one at left defensive end and one a left defensive tackle) and recorded 25 tackles and 2.5 sacks. In 2000, Kerney was the starting left defensive end and again recorded 2.5 sacks.

In 2001, Kerney recorded 12 sacks. Early in the 2002 season, the Falcons agreed to a seven-year contract extension with him. The deal, which could be voided after five seasons, included a team-record $8.5 million signing bonus. It could have been worth up to $40 million if all incentives were met. Kerney finished the 2002 season with 10.5 sacks while playing left defensive end in a 3-4 defense. He remained at that position in 2003 and recorded 6.5 sacks.

In 2004 the Falcons returned to a 4-3 defense and Patrick Kerney responded with his best season up until that time, playing the Pro Bowl for the first time and recording  career-highs in tackles (66), sacks (13) and passes defensed (9). Pat was also voted second-team All-Pro by the Associated Press.

In 2006, Kerney moved to right defensive end as a starter and moved to left defensive end in passing situations (newly acquired free agent John Abraham played right defensive end in those situations). In Week 9, Kerney's 105-game starting streak came to an end, with a torn right pectoral muscle that required surgery. (He was injured while tackling Cleveland Browns tight end Steve Heiden.) The seven games Kerney missed were the only games that he missed in his career. In Kerney's absence, John Abraham was the starter at right defensive end.

Seattle Seahawks
On February 23, 2007, Kerney opted out the last two years of his contract with the Atlanta Falcons to become an unrestricted free agent. On March 5, he signed a six-year, $39.5 million contract with the Seahawks that included $19.5 million in guaranteed money.

With the Seahawks in 2007, he was voted as a starter in the Pro Bowl and led the NFC in sacks with 14.5 (which set a new career-high for Kerney). Kerney also had a career-high 5 forced fumbles and recorded 62 tackles. He missed the Pro Bowl due to shoulder surgery.

On April 13, 2010, Kerney announced his retirement.

Personal life
Patrick is one of six children. He has four sisters and had a brother who died when Patrick was a child. When he first entered the NFL, he set up a foundation in name of his brother called the Lt. Thomas L. Kerney Endowment Fund. The fund provides college scholarships and financial assistance to children of fallen police officers. Kerney donated $1000 per sack he recorded to the foundation. He is married to former Sportscenter anchor Lisa Kerney and has been accepted to Columbia Business School's MBA program beginning in the fall of 2010.

title: Patrick Kerney


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User:Raygirvan

I've quit Wikipedia. You can read clear expositions of the reasons at the page for User:172 and at Larry Sanger's article, Why Wikipedia Must Jettison Its Anti-Elitism, at Kuro5hin.

From the first: ''...a total disregard for expertise in this community; whether or not you are taken seriously depends not on the merit of your work but rather how many friends you have made with the users who dominate the mailing list, IRC, and the administrative pages. Instead, we have a dispute resolution process fetishizing increasingly rigid (and idiosyncratic) community norms and customs without reference to who's writing encyclopedic material and who's not. As a result, far too much power and status is given to people who are frankly nothing more than trolls, as long as they're good at gaming the system''.

From the second: ''There is a certain mindset ... that infects the collectively-managed Wikipedia project: if you react strongly to trolling, that reflects poorly on you, not (necessarily) on the troll. If you attempt to take trolls to task or demand that something be done about constant disruption by trollish behavior, the other listmembers will cry "censorship," attack you, and even come to the defense of the troll. This drama has played out thousands of times over the years on unmoderated Internet groups, and since about the fall of 2001 on the unmoderated Wikipedia''.

Apologies from those concerned are not accepted (I have zero faith in their sincerity) nor will I give any for any comments I made. RayGirvan 19:15, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Raygirvan


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Bādarāyaṇa

Badarayana (IAST Bādarāyaṇa; Devanāgari बादरायण) was an Indian philosopher and sage who was the reputed author of the Brahma Sutras. The Brahma Sutras is a source text for the Hindu philosophical school of Vedānta and one of three texts along with the Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita which establish the prasthantrayi. Estimates of his lifetime vary very widely from around fifth century BCE to third or fourth century CE.

His work Brahma Sutras is variously dated from 500 BCE to 450 CE. The Brahma Sutras of Bādarāyana, also called the Vedanta Sutra, was compiled in its present form around 400–450 CE, but "the great part of the Sutra must have been in existence much earlier than that". Estimates of the date of Bādarāyana's lifetime differ between 200 BCE and 200 CE.

Bādarāyana is regarded as having written the basic text of the Vedanta system, the Vedāntasūtra a.k.a. Brahmasūtra. He is thus considered the founder of the Vedānta system of philosophy.

title: Bādarāyaṇa


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Jeker

The Jeker (Geer, ) is a river in Belgium and in the Netherlands. It is a left-bank tributary to the river Meuse. The source of the Jeker is near the village of Geer, in the Belgian province of Liège. The river is approximately 54 km long, of which about 50 km is in Belgium (provinces of Liège and Limburg) and 4 km in the Netherlands (province of Limburg), where it flows into the river Meuse at Maastricht (Netherlands).

Places through which the Jeker passes include Waremme, Tongeren, Kanne, (all three in Belgium) and Maastricht.

Recreational aspect
Rafting on the Jeker is an entertaining recreational activity. Beginning in Kanne, it is possible to raft into the city of Maastricht on this relaxing river. The water flow is best in mid-autumn and spring. Obstacles may be present when the water is low. The trip from Kanne to Maastricht takes about two hours and crosses the border between Belgium and the Netherlands.

title: Jeker


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Talk:List of countries by tax rates

Marginal or Effective Tax Rates?
Does the *Max* tax rate column refer to the top marginal tax rate (i.e., that rate charged only on income *over* the highest threshold) or does it refer to the highest effective tax rate (i.e., this is the rate the highest earners actually pay for their whole income)? The table should make it clear. It would be VERY misleading if the top marginal tax rate were thought to be the top effective rate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.27.162.152 (talk) 21:46, 10 November 2014 (UTC)

Corporate tax in Belgium
Corporate income tax in Belgium is actually much lower than what's reported due to the practice of "notional interests deduction", a deduction on taxable corporate income for equity-financed companies, based on the idea that if debt-financed companies can deduce their borrowing costs from their taxable income, equity-financed companies should be allowed to have a similar system. This web site has the average effective rate at 24-27%, but it actually is even much much lower, some recent estimates put it at 10%. Also, the source link for many of these reported rates is broken. 130.104.175.242 (talk) 06:33, 3 June 2012 (UTC)

 * While this might be true I know some companies who do not get subsidies or have big balancesheets pay the full amount. 81.82.197.2 (talk) 10:30, 8 April 2013 (UTC)

individual income Tax rate (highest marginal rate) in Belgium
the stated figure is incorrect, as the 50% federal tax is applied after the 20.5% (for self employed people, for employees it's 13.07%). Also, the municipal (which is 0 in 3 mmunicipalities) is calculated as a fraction of the payed federal tax. this makes for a highest tax rate of 'only' 64.055% — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:A03F:E5BE:EA00:FCB1:5F45:D5D8:49CC (talk) 17:53, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

UK top rate of tax
As of 6 April 2010 the UK's top marginal rate of tax is 60 percent, applied to income between £100,000 and £112,950. This apparent departure from the usual graduated tax system arises because of the progressive withdrawal of personal allowance of £6,475 at a rate of £1 per £2 of income between those two figures. The marginal rate then drops to 40 percent until income reaches the 50 percent margin threshold of £150,000. In spite of the fact that it takes a small calculation to arrive at this figure, it is indisputable - and has been widely recognised (http://www.tisco.co.uk/site/487/Personal_Allowance_Changes.aspx, http://www.kpmg.eu/budget/13925.htm ) and numerous others - that the UK does in fact have a salary band in which the marginal rate of income tax is 60 percent and the neutral position should be to present this as the upper figure instead of 50 percent. 118.210.61.163 (talk) 05:38, 6 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Although (at the time of writing) the highest rate has fallen from 50% to 45%, is true that the effective marginal 60% you described still applies for earnings between £100,000 and twice the personal allowance (a figure that is the same for most but not everyone) for the reasons you correctly point out. However, this is due to an effect on tax exemption rather then the tax rate itself. If we were going to be thorough in comparison then the there are higher effective rates of tax in the UK such as the gradual removal of child benefit on bands of earnings between £50,000 and £60,000. In many circumstances in plenty of jurisdictions around the world earnings over a certain amount may lead to the removal of something else that could be an effective tax of anything up to 100% of earnings. If we take a thorough approach to its logical conclusion then every nuance of each tax system would be included, and even if this were possible, the result would be a truly incomprehensible table. The table is simply to produce a ready reference and clearly would not be regarded as anything beyond a blunt instrument for comparison purposes. Dainamo (talk) 22:48, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

This article is entirely missing the UK tax gradings and erroneously states that that UK tax is 0% (up to 12,500GBP). Current rates ( at the given link) are in fact: Band	Taxable income	Tax rate Personal Allowance	Up to £12,500	0% Basic rate	£12,501 to £50,000	20% Higher rate	£50,001 to £150,000	40% Additional rate	over £150,000	45% it also excludes 'community charge' as this are not considered a 'tax' as they would be in other territories giving an entirely misleading impression of UK tax rates.

Graduate rate
Dear collegues! If I understand this "graduate rate" thing right (I'm not a native speaker and, surely, no economist, either :)), it appears that you are trying to blend corporate AND individual income taxes together. Don't you think this is a bit confusing and still doesn't really say how much taxes exactly people (or corporations) pay around the world? How about we create separate lists within this article for corporate income taxes, individual income taxes and other taxes? What do you think? KNewman 14:01, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * At least in the U.S. the graduated bit means that people with different incomes pay different rate. It has nothing to do with businesses. Rmhermen 21:05, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

There are some discrepancies here. For all the graduated rates, some are quoting the lowest rate as the tax on the very first dollar (usualy 0%) and some on the first taxable dollar. For example Canada is given as 16%, when in fact the first dollar you earn is taxed at 0%, same as most places. Can we agree to either a) quote the rate for the lowest taxable dollar - this would probably be more useful since almost everywhere has a 0% tax bracket - or b) put 0% as the lowest rate for everywhere that has a tax-free allowance. DJ Clayworth 19:54, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Can we either: change this to Income tax rates around the world, or include other taxes? It is quite misleading as it is, even if factually acurate.

Comments on rates in Saudi Arabia and Australia
BTW the individial tax rate in Saudi Arabia is currently 0% not 20%.

Individual income tax in Australia is 0-45% source Australian Tax office (http://www.ato.gov.au/individuals/content.asp?doc=/content/12333.htm&mnu=5053&mfp=001) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.30.161.222 (talk) 08:16, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks - I've made the adjustment, although I did not put Saudi Arabia at 0%. I listed the 2.5% Zakat. The 20% was for non-residents, so I clarified that.   Morphh   (talk) 14:59, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

(I am an expat living in Saudi Arabia for the past 8 years, there is absolutely no tax on individuals (income tax), and the Zakat tax (2.5%) is a "religious duty" to be observed by people, the government never enforce it on individuals, they are not required to fill any forms or present any kind of proof that they did pay the Zatak tax, however it is only enforced on companies, also there is no difference between resident / non-resident tax obligations, it 0% for all, i personally know expats who have been working here for 3+ years, they are here on a "visit" visa, not Residents, yet paying no tax at all. please fix the numbers you have 14:59, 19 September 2009 (UTC) )

Capital gains tax
Needs a column for Capital gains tax.

Hello... I have changed the corporate tax for Denmark, as it from 2005 is 28%, not 30%. I'll see if there is other places too, where it needs to be changed. http://www.tax.dk/artikler/selskabsskat.htm --62.107.138.48 18:09, 24 January 2007 (UTC)Liv, Denmark

 * Isn't United States 35% and changing to 30.5% as part of the Tax Reduction Act of 2007? The corporate rate in this article is 39.3% for the United States. Netdragon (talk) 21:09, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Dear Netdragon: As of now, the tax rate is not changing to 30.5%. The "Tax Reduction Act of 2007" to which you refer has not been enacted into law -- at least not yet. It's just a proposal: House of Representatives bill 3970 (H.R. 3970). The only major action on this bill was in October 2007, when it was referred to committee. See as of 27 Dec. 2007. To be law, it would have to be passed by both houses of Congress and sent to the President, etc. This bill hasn't even been voted on yet. Yours, Famspear (talk) 02:37, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Payroll taxes
A column for payroll taxes should also be added. In some countries this tax is very significant. For example, Sweden has a payroll tax of 43%+ depending on income. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.89.80.119 (talk) 20:17, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

I agree. I have been looking for payroll tax rates and caps in various countries, along with any varitions for self-employed individuals. However, unfortunately it seems that it can be quite hard to find for some reason

Contradictions in the list with other articles
the articles about Flat tax and Income tax have information contradicting (or missing) the current list on Tax rates around the world:

missing:
 * Georgia - flat tax
 * Andorra, Vanuatu, Mauritius and others - 0%

contradicting:
 * Saudi Arabia - 20% vs. 0%
 * Serbia, Lithuania, Ukraine - flat vs. non-flat

These four lists need attention to be synchronized: Alinor 18:41, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Flat tax adoption around the world
 * Flat tax
 * Income tax
 * Tax rates around the world

 * As for Georgia, Serbia, Lithuania, Ukraine: there are references to outside sources confirming that these countries have flat tax systems on the Flat tax adoption around the world page. The other pages are flat-out (no pun intended) (well, pun intended, you win) wrong and need to be updated. As for Andorra, Vanuatu, Mauritius and Saudi Arabia: I have no clue. I deliberately refrained from explicitly listing zero-tax countries on the Flat tax adoption around the world page, because they are hard to find information about, and there already was a page dedicated to those. Many of the zero-tax countries are either very small or isolated and it can be tricky to find out much about them. Sjeng 15:25, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Did this ever get sorted out? Morphh   (talk) 14:12, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Re Greece: this article says "no distinction is made between "true" taxes, that pay for the government's general budget, and fees paid for specific social benefits such as health insurance". But the figures for Greece *do* make this distinction, having ignored the substantial social security payments (which are effectively additional taxation) of 16 per cent for an employee and 28.06% for an employer. So an employee's maximum taxation is in fact 40+16=56 per cent, not simply 40 per cent, making Greece one of the heaviest taxed countries in Europe. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_Greece#Social_Security_Tax —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.123.86.204 (talk) 11:39, 1 August 2010 (UTC)

Personal Income Tax
Hi. Paraguay appears none in the list of countries with PIT nor with non PIT.....error —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.73.96.2 (talk) 18:30, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Rome
Even though it is a good tidbit, I really don’t think ancient Rome should be on this list. I think that would be more appropriate for a page concerning the history of taxation if one existed. Though there is not a lot of history of taxes books out there, from what I have read I believe Rome had very low taxes for most of its history. I believe Rome did not see anything around the 90% mark until the very end of the empire, Emperor Diocletian if my memory serves me right. Like most pre-20th century civilizations for the most part taxes were much lower than they are today. I think it might be a little deceptive showing their rates over such a long period if the rates rarely achieved such extreme heights. Just a thought.--Scott (talk) 03:44, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

It's pretty meanignless to say an empire - with a multiplicity of systems and distinctive periods - had a 0%-90% tax rate, supposedly averaged over 1000 years. The same is true of Europe, for instance, yet asserting that for Europe would be close to meanignless, even if true in some complex and obscure emprical sense. (Leon Louw) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.243.195.190 (talk) 09:27, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

Ref blacklisted
FYI, I tried to format worldwide-tax.com into a proper reference and it got kicked back as being on the WP:BLACKLIST. We may want to consider a different reference as this may not satisfy our reliable source policy. I also noted how similar our table is to their table and I'm wondering if we may have some copyright issues. Morphh  (talk) 20:27, 06 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Is there a reason for it being blacklisted? Wikipedia treats it like spam, but I don't see how the site could be spammy. I admit I used the site for convenience (neat table), even though we should probably use FITA for all the countries to save us some trouble. ☆ CieloEstrellado 21:09, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

 * It was probably added as at some point because someone was adding this web site to every external link section of tax articles.  Morphh   (talk) 21:14, 06 February 2008 (UTC)

Top State tax rate in the US
It is 10.3% in California for Personal Income Taxes. (for those earning more than $1m/year). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.178.26.108 (talk) 10:27, 14 February 2008 (UTC)

Starting rate
Can we all agree that the starting rate for personal income tax should be the starting rate of taxable income, after exemptions, which will not be 0% except when the country has no personal income tax? That was the suggestion of DJ Clayworth above (see ), and it must be right. Mhockey (talk) 14:20, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Some countries tax everyone and some don't. The only way to know is if the minimum is 0%. That means some aren't getting taxed. ☆ CieloEstrellado 03:48, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The UK taxes everyone, so in that case a 0% is inaccurate. ☆ CieloEstrellado 03:53, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

Every individual resident of the UK has an exemption, so if your income is less than the exemption your tax is nil. But I think that's the same in every country - at least, I am not aware of any country which taxes everyone from the first $1 of income. If that's the case, then the starting rate in every country could be said to be 0%, but that does not seem to me to be very useful. (Corporate income tax is different - most countries tax companies from the first $1 of income.) Mhockey (talk) 17:47, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree, 0% shouldn't be listed in mosts cases. In Canada there is a deduction of about 10000$, which means we pay 0% on the first 10 000$ earned. However, the lowest tax rate is 15% at the federal level, and 4% at the provincial level, and that's what included in the table. I don't think we should change this to 0%. --zorxd (talk) 15:37, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

The chart is such a war of political interests as to be useless. The US corporate tax rate is 35%, period. Deductions may bring that down but nevertheless the "tax rate" is 35%. If you want, list a separate column in the table showing possible deductions for every country. As it stands, the politicizing of the chart has done nothing but make it a source of misinformation as well as impossible to sort. 24.126.30.61 (talk) 03:19, 30 August 2011 (UTC)

UK income tax should start at 10%
The first band of unearned income is taxed at 10% rather than the 20% in the article. And the first £5,435 of income has no tax at all.

Also national insurance is another income tax, which should possibly be included in the total. Comrinec (talk) 15:51, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

U.S. Health Care Tax
Many countries have nearly-free health care. So in countries like the U.S., the money people have to spend on health insurance should be counted as a tax if you want to compare countries. This makes the U.S. citizen about the most heavily taxed in the world. If you leave the country, derive all your income from other countries, and renounce your citizenship, the IRS considers it tax evasion that is subject to interest and penalties. U.S. citizens are "free to leave" the country in a physical sense, but not in a financial sense. You owe the motherland 20% to 50% of your work for life! We used to call that slavery. The civil war decided once and for all that leaving the country is not allowed. The IRS has decided that it applies to the individual as well. No American will disagree with this slavery-for-life imposed by the IRS because that might mean the ones remaining will have to pay more in taxes if everyone starts leaving. But imagine a world where you can choose your own country. Where countries would have to compete with each other in order to attract citizens. 24.214.120.227 (talk) 20:46, 25 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The money you pay for health care that the government does not provide you is not a tax. It is certainly something to consider if you are deciding what country you want to live in, but that is not the subject of this article.  That is why I am removing the following sentences from the article:

 * "Of course, services provided by governments in return for taxation also vary, making comparisons all the more difficult. For example, in many European nations, government sponsored national health care provision is paid for from taxation, while in other countries health care is normally paid for with private insurance."

 * To compare tax rates, you just compare tax rates. Comparing the net societal benefit of taxation systems is of course a different (and even more complex) matter. Quux0r (talk) 04:20, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

 * If you benefit from a country's tax supported infrastructure, such as using roads, tax supported transportation or subsidized shipping, tax supported utilities, subsidy supported industries, subsidy supported food production, etc., no matter what country you're in, you should be paying taxes to support your usage. If you move overseas and "give up your citizenship" without becoming a citizen of the country you're living in, you are trying to game the system and live a parasitic existence off of other people's tax burden. The United States IRS is not alone in continuing to tax you, pretty much every industrial nation will do the same to individuals who try to game the system the same way. 76.174.173.20 (talk) 16:21, 25 November 2011 (UTC)
 * If you earn money legally in the country where you live, you usually have to pay taxes there - even if you're not a citizen of that country - and you usually don't pay taxes in the country that you're a citizen of if you don't live there. So, moving overseas usually means moving into another country's tax system, and if you still earn money in your old country you should, in most cases, pay taxes for that income in your new country.Thomas Blomberg (talk) 11:15, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

Misleading Graphs
The graphs in this section list the US by the highest possible rates, making it appear that taxes are much higher than they really are. The graphs should show the average rates for the US. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.253.69.116 (talk) 02:01, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure that would change the relationship much as you would have to do the same thing to every country. You also have to consider the U.S. may be a combination of local, state, & fed.  Morphh   (talk) 2:18, 07 September 2008 (UTC)

Discussion of misleading world income tax graph here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_talk:PIT_in_World_Barry_Kent.png  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Zzzzz9 (talk • contribs) 11:21, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

Contradiction of Graph and List within the article: The Graph shows that in Switzerland the Personal Income Tax exceeds Corporate. The List shows the reverse! Can anyone explain this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.152.131.149 (talk) 22:14, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

I wonder if the graph includes the local and state/province taxes, or only the national. It would also be interesting to see indirect taxes, such as sales taxes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by C9900 (talk • contribs) 09:54, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

Better Source Material
There is excellent source material from KPMG. I'm too lazy to incorporate this into the main article, however I will point you guys to the location. It's located here:

 * http://www.kpmg.com/Global/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesAndPublications/Pages/Individual-income-tax-rate-survey-2008.aspx
 * http://www.kpmg.com/Global/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesAndPublications/Pages/Corporateindirecttaxsurvey2008.aspx

Thanks for all your work. It's greatly appreciated. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.179.96.25 (talk) 22:23, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Italy

Corporate taxes in Italy are Ires (27,5%) and Irap (3,9%). The total is 31,4%. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.16.140.133 (talk) 21:04, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

http://www.kpmg.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/Corporate-and-Indirect-Tax-Rate-Survey-2008v2.pdf page 22 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.16.140.133 (talk) 21:27, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

The VAT rate in Italy are 20%, 10% and 4% http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/vat/how_vat_works/rates/vat_rates_en.pdf —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.50.116.247 (talk) 19:33, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

Sorting the List
If you sort the list by, say, individual tax, you expect to find the countries ranked according to the amount of income tax payable in them. However, the fact that some countries apply a flat rate and others a sliding scale makes the order misleading. For example, various countries in Eastern Europe apply flat rate taxes of around 10%-15%, yet the impression given by the table is that the income tax burden is greater there than in countries like the Germany and the US, where it is up to 40%. In fact, given that different countries define what is taxable in different ways (in the UK, for example, your first 6000 or so GBP isn't taxed at all, for example), and have different tax brackets, the sort results are virtually meaningless. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.78.204.36 (talk) 21:44, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

 * They're not meaningless if you take into account that the article is about tax rates, and not effectives rates paid. ConorBrady.ie  (caint)  09:42, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Also the columns are for minimum and maximum rates so the effective rate will be somewhere in between those values. Idyllic press (talk) 13:02, 10 June 2019 (UTC)

VAT / GST / Sales tax
I propose that in the VAT / GST / Sales tax column only the standard rate be included. The reasoning for this is that in the Income tax column, not every rate is indicated for every country. This is at best an overview article: not every bit of information will be there for each country. In the Income tax column, there is no indication of tax relief or bands, which are essential for calculating the actual tax. Likewise, the VAT / GST / Sales tax column needn't go as in depth as giving all the reduced rates a country may have.

Or, at the very least, the labels beside the reduced rates specifying what they're for should be removed and replaced with something like: 20% (standard) or 10% (reduced). No need to tell that it's specifically for cinema tickets and hotel rooms. ConorBrady.ie (caint)  09:40, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

United States payroll taxes
I adjusted the 2.9%-15.3% to note that it's regressive, even though the maximum is presently 13.3%. However state payroll taxes (such as SDI) are ignored, and Federal and state unemployment taxes are completely ignored. The numbers are more complicated, and I can't estimate the range of state unemployment taxes. Any ideas for improvement? — Arthur Rubin (talk) 08:14, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

 * "Regressive" in taxation means it goes lower as you earn more money, the United States has no Regressive taxes.76.174.173.20 (talk) 16:29, 25 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Wrong. Aside from some credit and adjustment phaseouts, leading to an significant increase in the effective tax rate in an (often narrow) band of income, FICA tax rates (employer + employee, or self-employed) start at 13.3% at low incomes and reduce to 2.9% at high incomes (I don't remember the exact cutoff, but it's over $100,000 in annual wages), and federal unemployment tax is 6.2% for the first $7,000 per employee.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 16:53, 25 November 2011 (UTC)

Top Marginal Corporate Tax Rate in US
Top federal marginal corporate tax rate in the US is 35% according to every source I can find including other sources in wikipedia -- except for this one, which has it listed at 38%. What gives? I'm changing it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.5.197.145 (talk) 06:11, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

Renaming of article?
I propose this article be renamed, to bring it in line with other list articles. I think List of countries by tax rates would be appropriate. ConorBrady.ie (caint)  12:55, 9 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree. I will rename the article at the end of 48 hours if no one raises any objections.  Thanks. —  Nearly Headless Nick   {C}  10:30, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Page moved to "List of countries by tax rates". There are numerous articles linking to the previous title, so I will start modifying the links using AWB after 48 hours from now. —  Nearly Headless Nick   {C}  20:55, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

This page in need of updating.
Many of the tax rates citations are two years out of date and sorely in need of updating so that this page remains accurate. Perhaps someone who knows more wiki-fu than me can get this put on a to do list or something like that. 121.222.8.148 (talk) 12:20, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

Improper sorting
When I click on the little triangles over corporate tax, the sorting I get is inconsistent. I realize some of the problem might be due to ranges, but 9-5-38.5-35 makes no sense.Kdammers (talk) 05:07, 6 December 2013 (UTC)
 * +1 It sorts alphabetically which makes first digit all important hence 1 before 200 before 33 Erik Zachte (talk) 23:56, 30 April 2014 (UTC)

too complex
This table is too complex. In my country there is a municipality tax which differs rather much depending of where you live. Then there is the regional level tax, which mainly cover healthcare but also public transport and culture. The national tax is first a tiny amount, like 20 Euro or 30 Dollar, but when the income reaches a certain level, percentages are used - progressively from around 5 to 25 %. On top of that comes either a funeral fee - or (for members of the national Church) depending of chuch region, but little short of 1%. However not all income (wages) are needed to declare for taxation. And if You make a personal employment this sum can be deducted. Like I pay my neighbour to vacuum clean once a week (and repport this to taxation authorities) the wages I pay my meighbour is deducted from my income. There are in extremely many possibilities to change your tax, within certain limits. The state mainly lives on the VAT and other taxes of for instance petrol, alcohol, tobacco etc [VAT is then put on top of the extra tax products !!!] And certain things are no longer called tax but fees, my point is the table isn't enough to make fair comparisions between nations Boeing720 (talk) 09:59, 24 January 2015 (UTC)

Use notes in the table
In order to make the table cleaner and more easily sortable, can I suggest to editors that they put any notes in the notes section under the table, rather than adding notes within the table. Whats new? (talk) 07:50, 25 August 2015 (UTC)

I agree with this. This would make it much more reader friendly and informative Iady391 | Talk to me 11:43, 25 August 2015 (UTC)

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Not exactly representative
It's pretty well known that, in the US, there are so many tax credits for corporations that very few actually pay the full 35%. In fact, many do not pay any tax at all, or have a net negative tax rate (the federal government ends up paying the company). Thus, for small corporations, the tax rate may be 35%, but major multinationals pay very little in comparison. This makes it so the quoted tax rate is true on paper and makes it look like companies in the US pay a lot in taxes, but the reality is far more nuanced. Morgan Phoenix (talk) 21:03, 6 February 2016 (UTC)

Maybe we should mention effective rates most pay on average as well as the on paper official base rate the government of each country applies to the applicable profit. That way both numbers are represented. The World Bank is a nice source for this as it also shows the average tax rate most businesses pay after the rate of tax and deductions are applied. This is the profile of tax for the United States for instance. Maybe we can use this to clarify like you suggested? What do you think? Lmharding (talk) 16:11, 8 February 2022 (UTC)

Italian Tax Rate completely misrepresented
It's quoted as 27.5% because it includes only the IRES tax. In addition to that it has to be added, at least, the IRAP tax, which is 3.9% of the REVENUE, not of the operating income. To give an idea of how big is the impact of the IRAP tax it is sufficient to say that it covers all the cost of the public health system in Italy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.189.75.205 (talk) 15:36, 22 February 2016 (UTC)

The term "tax" is poorly defined in this article
Counting "sales tax" as a tax is quite a stretch, speaking in economical terms. It might perhaps suffice in casual daily parlance, but it is not a tax in the economical sense. It is a toll.

Tolls are very different from taxes. Here a some basic and important differences:
 * Tolls work differently in the economical system. They have a different purpose than taxes and they are also implemented differently.
 * Tolls are mostly an economical behavioural tool.
 * Tolls are used to regulate markets and consumer behaviour.
 * Tolls are seldom used to redistribute wealth.
 * Tolls are a common political-economical tool in international politics. They are closely connected to the regulation of the export-import balance.
 * Tolls are a common political-economical tool in national politics (homemarkets). They are very often used to implement desirable consumer behaviour in accordance with national desires and political (non-economical) agendas.

I have not been involved with this article, nor any other Wikipedia article on taxes and tolls, but I am sad to see that such basic facts have been neglected entirely. I am quite shocked actually. RhinoMind (talk) 23:36, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

---

The links below belong somewhere else on this TalkPAge, I don't know where. RhinoMind (talk) 23:37, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

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Tax burden
Hello, it would be interesting to add the total tax pressure by country, that is the rate between the state's total tax income and the GDP. --167.57.199.40 (talk) 18:22, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

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UK top rate of tax and general discussion on article format
The UK top rate of tax is officially 45% on incomes above 150 000.

The 62% rate of tax is unofficial, is an anomaly, and is not legislated. Personal allowance should not be counted in this data, as it is not counted anywhere else. Italy, Netherlands and Sweden have a personal allowance, but none of them are listed as 0% for minimum tax, because such a thing is not legislated. It is an anomaly in the larger picture.

Equally, the 62% marginal rate of tax includes an increase in National Insurance. Why is the National Insurance listed in the Income Tax bracket? Doesn't make sense.

It is not up to Wikipedia users to research or opine on what they think are appropriate labels. 45% is the highest rate of tax in UK law and that is what it should be. Anyone interested in further information can very simply click "Taxation in the United Kingdom" where there is further information.

I have changed this accordingly.

This entire page needs an overhaul. We are all aware that there are hundreds of millions of tax exemptions around the world, and this article would only make sense if every country had a flat rate of tax and we compared them all. That is not the case. This page simply needs to list the lowest rate of tax, the highest rate of tax, and anyone interested in more information can click the link.

If this article should want to keep variables such as "personal allowance", it should be in a separate bracket to simplify the situation. Alternative ways of comparison is to look at the tax burden on the average person such as this OECD data https://files.taxfoundation.org/legacy/docs/OECD_Tax_Wedge_Charts-04.png

or alternatively adding tax revenue to GDP. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PanthWiki (talk • contribs) 14:02, 9 March 2018 (UTC)

 * I disagree with you on the top rate of tax - it is 45% IT + 2% NI = 47%. Equivalents of National Insurance are included for other countries here, so should be for the UK. Similarly, the lowest rate of income tax is 0% (on incomes below the personal allowance). However, I do agree that the large marginal rate is an anomaly and should be considered carefully before being included Drmouse81 (talk) 11:11, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

Merging columns
Why don't we merge the two income tax columns (lowest and highest marginal rates)? — Preceding unsigned comment added by GS-216.1993 (talk • contribs) 19:27, 8 September 2019 (UTC)

Because those are different taxes, and merging taxes on billionaires and merging taxes on part time workers sounds a bit off.....especially for comparisons. --Joujyuze (talk) 17:09, 6 June 2021 (UTC)

Separate articles on each tax rate
This article is too complex (as already suggested by Boeing720 here). I believe this article should be split into multiple articles, one corresponding to each tax. I am creating a new page for list on inheritance tax. This will help in including all information regarding the tax, like maximum rate, minimum rate, exemption limit etc. - Aravind V R (talk) 13:50, 17 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree. I don't see much value in keeping various types of taxes in the same table as they are not really comparable. This table also has many inconsistent, incomplete or outdated numbers. I'll try to make a separate page just for personal income tax rates. Heitordp (talk) 03:04, 1 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Agreed, the table is very confusing and hard to follow. Do any of you know how we could nominate the article for a split? Vyvagaba (talk) 23:27, 31 January 2022 (UTC)

Kuwait Tax
Arab Gulf residents who own businesses in Kuwait are not taxed the standard corporate Kuwait tax rate. However, foreigners from any other country are taxed at 15%. Certain areas of Kuwait where ownership of the land are disputed between Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are taxed at only half of the 15% or at 7.5% tax. Additionally an extra 1% Zakat tax is added as well to all businesses. So the tax rates in total are either 1%, 8.5%, or 16% depending on the circumstances. It is not specified if the 1% Zakat tax is not charged on Gulf national owners hence why the 1% rate is implied as the lowest rate.Lmharding (talk) 16:03, 8 February 2022 (UTC)

Illegal taxes
Should illegal taxes that are not government applied but have to be paid to insurgents/terrorist groups in fear of physical retribution be added or ignored? Many of these examples are strictly enforced and are mandatory for survival with this issue widely applying to swathes of citizens in those terrorist run areas. An example I found was a Taliban enforced additional fee on groceries in Afghanistan. Lmharding (talk) 07:50, 28 September 2022 (UTC)

Romania
The section for Romania seems misleading. It includes mandatory contributions for social security and health insurance, but these are not personal income taxes and should not be listed here. A quick check for countries like the UK or France shows that the list adheres to the strict definition of the personal income tax. Plinul cel tanar (talk) 13:39, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of countries by tax rates


text:
User:Alwayscarriehall

Hey my names Matt Hall i'm a big Nirvana Fan and is in search for frances bean what about you>?

title: User:Alwayscarriehall


text:
Egotism

Egotism is defined as the drive to maintain and enhance favorable views of oneself and generally features an inflated opinion of one's personal features and importance distinguished by a person's amplified vision of one's self and self-importance. It often includes intellectual, physical, social, and other overestimations. The egotist has an overwhelming sense of the centrality of the "me" regarding their personal qualities.

Characteristics
Egotism is closely related to an egocentric love for one's imagined self or narcissism. Egotists have a strong tendency to talk about themselves in a self-promoting fashion, and they may well be arrogant and boastful with a grandiose sense of their own importance. Their inability to recognise the accomplishments of others leaves them profoundly self-promoting; while sensitivity to criticism may lead, on the egotist's part, to narcissistic rage at a sense of insult.

Egotism differs from both altruism – or behaviour motivated by the concern for others rather than for oneself – and from egoism, the constant pursuit of one's self-interest. Various forms of "empirical egoism" have been considered consistent with egotism, but do not – which is also the case with egoism in general – necessitate having an inflated sense of self.

Development
In developmental terms, two different paths can be taken to reach egotism – one being individual, and the other being cultural.

With respect to the developing individual, a movement takes place from egocentricity to sociality during the process of growing up. It is normal for an infant to have an inflated sense of egotism. The over-evaluation of one's own ego regularly appears in childish forms of love.

Optimal development allows a gradual decrease into a more realistic view of one's own place in the world. A less optimal adjustment may later lead to what has been called defensive egotism, serving to overcompensate for a fragile concept of self. Robin Skynner however considered that in the main growing up leads to a state where "your ego is still there, but it's taking its proper limited place among all the other egos".

However, alongside such a positive trajectory of diminishing individual egotism, a rather different arc of development can be noted in cultural terms, linked to what has been seen as the increasing infantilism of post-modern society. Whereas in the nineteenth century egotism was still widely regarded as a traditional vice – for Nathaniel Hawthorne egotism was a sort of diseased self-contemplation – Romanticism had already set in motion a countervailing current, what Richard Eldridge described as a kind of "cultural egotism, substituting the individual imagination for vanishing social tradition". The romantic idea of the self-creating individual – of a self-authorizing, artistic egotism – then took on broader social dimensions in the following century. Keats might still attack Wordsworth for the regressive nature of his retreat into the egotistical sublime; but by the close of the twentieth century egotism had been naturalized much more widely by the Me generation into the Culture of Narcissism.

In the 21st century, romantic egotism has been seen as feeding into techno-capitalism in two complementary ways: on the one hand, through the self-centred consumer, focused on their own self-fashioning through brand 'identity'; on the other through the equally egotistical voices of 'authentic' protest, as they rage against the machine, only to produce new commodity forms that serve to fuel the system for further consumption.

Sexuality
There is a question mark over the relationship between sexuality and egotism. Sigmund Freud popularly made the claim that intimacy can transform the egotist, giving a new sense of humility in relation to others.

At the same time, it is very apparent that egotism can readily show itself in sexual ways and indeed arguably one's whole sexuality may function in the service of egotistical needs.

Social egotism
Leo Tolstoy, used the term aduyevschina (after the protagonist Aduyev of Goncharov's first novel, A Common Story) to describe social egotism as the inability of some people to see beyond their immediate interests.

Etymology
The term egotism is derived from the Greek ("εγώ") and subsequently its Latinised ego (ego), meaning "self" or "I," and -ism, used to denote a system of belief. As such, the term shares early etymology with egoism.

Egotism vs. pride
Egotism differs from pride. Although they share the state of mind of an individual, ego is defined by a person's self-perception. That is how the particular individual thinks, feels and distinguishes him/herself from others. Pride may be equated to the feeling one experiences as the direct result of one's accomplishment or success.

Cultural examples

 * A. A. Milne has been praised for his clear-eyed vision of the ruthless, open, unashamed egotism of the young child.
 * Ryan Holiday described our cultural values as dependent on validation, entitled, and ruled by our emotions, a form of egotism.

title: Egotism


text:
Jon Runyan

Jon Daniel Runyan (born November 27, 1973) is an American athlete and politician who was the U.S. representative for NJ's 3rd congressional district from 2011 to 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. Before entering politics, he played football for 14 seasons as an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He was a participant in the 2003 Pro Bowl following the 2002 NFL season.

He was selected by the Houston Oilers in the fourth round of the 1996 NFL draft and later played for the Philadelphia Eagles and San Diego Chargers. Runyan was the last active NFL player to have played for the Oilers. He played college football at Michigan where he was a 1995 All-Big Ten Conference selection. In high school, he had been an All-State (Michigan) selection in basketball and two-time state champion shot putter. He retired at the end of the 2009 NFL season and launched his campaign for Congress against incumbent freshman Democrat John Adler, winning the general election on November 2, 2010.

On November 6, 2013, Runyan announced he would not seek reelection to Congress in 2014.

On May 17, 2016, the NFL announced they hired Runyan as their Vice President of the Policy and Rules administration.

Early years
Runyan was born in Flint, Michigan where his father was an employee of General Motors.

Runyan continues to hold the Flint, Michigan Carman-Ainsworth Middle School shot put record with a 1988 heave of 50 ft. Runyan was a two-time Michigan High School Athletic Association state shot put champion for Carman-Ainsworth High School (1991 57 ft; 1992 59 ft). He was a 1992 Detroit News second-team All-State basketball center. He was recruited by Michigan State men's basketball, though he declined in order to play football. He chose to play for the Michigan Wolverines football team where he was an All-Big Ten Conference selection for the 1995 Wolverines.

Houston/Tennessee Oilers/Titans
Runyan was drafted in the fourth round (109th overall) of the 1996 NFL draft by the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans). He played with the Houston Oilers in 1996 and became a starter in only the sixth game of his rookie season. He moved with the team as they became the Tennessee Oilers in 1997 and 1998, and finally played one year in the new jerseys as the Tennessee Titans in 1999 when the team made it to Super Bowl XXXIV. Runyan was the last active player in the NFL to have played for the Houston Oilers.

Philadelphia Eagles
Runyan was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles to a six-year, $30 million contract on February 14, 2000 as an unrestricted free agent. The contract made him the highest paid offensive lineman in NFL history at the time. Runyan was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2002.

On March 24, 2006, the Eagles announced that Runyan had re-signed with the team with a three-year contract. He had visited with the New York Jets on March 21 prior to re-signing with the Eagles.

In a Sports Illustrated magazine in October 2006, Runyan was ranked second on a list of the Dirtiest Players in the NFL. Bills linebacker Shawne Merriman stated that Runyan "was one of the dirtiest players I've ever been against in my whole entire life. He was real good at being dirty". Runyan did not deny the charges, criticizing the current game instead: "That's the way the game's supposed to be played. I think they’ve tried to change that over the years. It's turned into a basketball game out there."

In a 2007 game against the Dallas Cowboys, Runyan instructed Eagles running back Brian Westbrook to take a knee at the one-yard line rather than score a touchdown with two minutes left in the game so that Dallas would not get the ball back. Westbrook followed Runyan's direction, the play worked, and Philadelphia won the game.

A 2008 poll revealed that getting blocked by Runyan on a screen pass was one of the scariest things in the NFL.

Runyan held the remarkable streak for an offensive lineman of having started 190 consecutive regular season games. This was the second longest streak among active NFL players in 2008. He has also started in all 18 playoff games his teams have appeared in during this streak.

On January 28, 2009, Runyan had microfacture surgery on his right knee. In February 2009, Runyan's contract expired with the team. He worked out for the Eagles on September 10, but did not sign a contract. He was signed by the San Diego Chargers, playing in five games before retiring.

Elections

 * 2010

In November 2009, published reports indicated Runyan was interested in running for Congress. On November 24, 2009, Runyan announced his congressional bid to challenge one-term Democratic incumbent John Adler for NJ's 3rd congressional district, which included parts of Burlington, Camden and Ocean Counties. Libertarian nominee Russ Conger and Your Country Again nominee Lawrence J. Donahue were also running. Even though he now played for the Chargers, he maintained a home in Mount Laurel, across the Delaware River from Philadelphia (and which coincidentally also happens to be home to the headquarters of NFL Films). On March 7, 2010, the Ocean County Republicans endorsed Runyan. On June 8, Runyan won the Republican nomination. On November 2, 2010, Runyan defeated Adler 50%–47%, becoming the first challenger to unseat an incumbent New Jersey Congressman since Rush Holt in 1998. He lost the Burlington and Camden portions of the district, but carried solidly Republican Ocean County by nearly 20,000 votes, far exceeding his overall winning margin of over 6,000 votes. Runyan is the fourth former NFL player to be elected to Congress, after Jack Kemp, Steve Largent, and Heath Shuler.

 * 2012

Runyan was re-elected, defeating attorney Shelley Adler, the widow of John Adler (who intended to run in a rematch, but died suddenly in April 2011). Shelley Adler had defeated Jason Sansone for the Democratic nomination. Runyan won 54% of the vote, to Adler's 45%.

 * 2014

Runyan announced that he would not seek re-election, after expressing frustration with his fellow Republicans over the government shutdown.

Tenure
Over the course of his tenure, Runyan sponsored 15 pieces of legislation. Like most New Jersey Republicans, he was considered moderate relative to the national party. He voted with the Republican party 92% of the time. Key votes he supported included the payroll tax cut, the Balanced budget amendment, defunding of National Public Radio, and the Republican budget plan.

In June 2013, Runyan was one of the sponsors to pass an amendment to H.R. 2217, the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2014, which increased the Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response (SAFER) Grants, and the Assistance to Firefighter Grants (FIRE) by $2.5 million each.

On November 6, 2013, Runyan announced he would not seek reelection in 2014.

Sponsored legislation
The following is a partial list of bills specifically sponsored (introduced) by Rep. Runyan.
 *  (long title: To amend the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 to reauthorize the volunteer programs and community partnerships for the benefit of national wildlife refuges, and for other purposes) is a bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The bill would "extend through FY2017 the authorization of appropriations for volunteer services for programs conducted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), community partnership projects for national wildlife refuges, and refuge education programs."

Committee assignments

 * House Armed Services Committee
 * Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces
 * Subcommittee on Readiness
 * House Committee on Veterans Affairs
 * Chairman – Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs
 * Subcommittee on Health
 * House Committee on Natural Resources
 * Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans and Insular Affairs

Caucus memberships

 * Bipartisan Military Veterans Caucus
 * Congressional Brain Injury Caucus
 * Congressional Gaming Caucus
 * House Army Caucus
 * House Air Force Caucus
 * House Coast Guard Caucus
 * House Guard and Reserve Caucus
 * House Oceans Caucus
 * House Republican Israel Caucus
 * House Special Operations Caucus
 * House USO Caucus
 * International Conservation Caucus
 * Military Family Caucus
 * Congressional Constitution Caucus

Personal life
Runyan has three children with his wife, Loretta; they reside in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey. His son, Jon Runyan Jr., played offensive line for the Michigan Wolverines football program and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in 2020.

Runyan appeared as a construction worker alongside other Philadelphia Eagles in the Season 4 episode "America's Next Top Paddy's Billboard Model Contest" of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia.

In his spare time, Runyan works as an Uber driver in the Philadelphia area. He is an emeritus board member of the Alzheimer’s Association's Delaware Valley Chapter, which represents areas in New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.

title: Jon Runyan


text:
Gorgan University

Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, a.k.a. Gorgan University, is a university in Golestan Province of Iran.

History
First founded in 1957 as the Junior College of Forestry and Range Management (مدرسه عالي منابع طبيعي گرگان), the university was among the first specialized agricultural universities of Iran. Through a course of continued development, the Junior College was promoted to the school of Natural Resources offering three major courses in Forestry, Range Management, and Soil Conservation in 1975.

After Islamic revolution, the School of Natural Resources was joined by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in 1981 and became part of the Mazandaran University.

In 1986, the school was united with the Junior College of Agriculture in the town of Gonbad and obtained approval from the Council of Academic Development of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, to upgrade to an independent institute called Gorgan University Complex of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Today, the university has 9 Colleges (Faculties), training 2800 graduate and post-graduate students. The university has an exchange student program with Astrakhan State University in neighbouring Russia.

The university is located in the historical city of Gorgan in the Golestan Province.

Faculties

 * Animal Science
 * Agricultural Management
 * Fisheries & Environmental Sciences
 * Food Science & Technology
 * Forest Science
 * Plant Production
 * Rangeland & Watershed Management
 * Water & Soil Engineering
 * Wood & Paper Engineering

Journals

 * Iranian journal of Aquatics Research
 * International Journal of Lignocellulosic Products
 * International Journal of Plant Production
 * International Journal of Environmental Resources Research
 * Poultry Science Journal
 * Journal of Natural Resource Conservation (Persian)
 * Electronic Journal of Crop Production (Persian)
 * Journal of Ruminant Research (Persian)
 * Journal of Range Land (Persian)
 * Poultry Science Journal (Persian)
 * Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production (Persian)
 * Journal of Entrepreneurship & Agricultural Extension (Persian)
 * Journal of Plant Production (Persian)
 * Journal of Food Processing and Preservation (Persian)
 * Journal of Aquaculture (Persian)
 * Journal of Living in Environment (Persian)
 * Journal of Wood Science and Technology (Persian)

title: Gorgan University


text:
Seals

Seals may refer to:

 * Pinniped, a diverse group of semi-aquatic marine mammals, many of which are commonly called seals, particularly:
 * Earless seal, or "true seal"
 * Fur seal
 * Seal (emblem), a device to impress an emblem, used as a means of authentication, on paper, wax, clay or another medium (the impression is also called a seal)
 * Seal (mechanical), a device which helps prevent leakage, contain pressure, or exclude contamination where two systems join

In military:
 * United States Navy SEALs, the U.S. Navy's principal special operations force
 * Royal Thai Navy SEALs, part of the Royal Thai Navy

In sport:
 * Florida Seals, a minor league ice hockey team from 2002 and 2007
 * San Diego Seals, a professional box lacrosse team in the National Lacrosse League, founded in 2017
 * A former NHL hockey team who played under various "Seals" monikers from 1961 to 1976, including:
 * San Francisco Seals, as a minor league hockey team in the Western Hockey League from 1961 until 1967
 * California Golden Seals, as an NHL ice hockey team from 1967 to 1978
 * They additionally played as the California Seals, the Oakland Seals, and the Bay Area Seals.
 * San Francisco Seals (baseball), a minor league baseball team in the Pacific Coast League from 1903 until 1957
 * San Francisco Seals (soccer), an American soccer team in the USL Premier Development League from 1992 until 2008
 * Victoria Seals, a professional baseball team based in Victoria, British Columbia from 2008 until 2010

Places:
 * Seals, Georgia, United States
 * Seal's Rock, Lundy, Devonshire, England

Other:
 * Seals (surname)
 * "SEALS", the South East Academic Libraries System
 * "Seals", an episode of the television series Teletubbies
 * Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (SEALS)

title: Seals


text:
Franklin Township

Franklin Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

Arkansas

 * Franklin Township, Carroll County, Arkansas
 * Franklin Township, Desha County, Arkansas, in Desha County, Arkansas
 * Franklin Township, Drew County, Arkansas, in Drew County, Arkansas
 * Franklin Township, Grant County, Arkansas, in Grant County, Arkansas
 * Franklin Township, Howard County, Arkansas, in Howard County, Arkansas
 * Franklin Township, Izard County, Arkansas, in Izard County, Arkansas
 * Franklin Township, Little River County, Arkansas, in Little River County, Arkansas
 * Franklin Township, Stone County, Arkansas, in Stone County, Arkansas
 * Franklin Township, Union County, Arkansas, in Union County, Arkansas

Illinois

 * Franklin Township, DeKalb County, Illinois

Indiana

 * Franklin Township, DeKalb County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Floyd County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Grant County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Harrison County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Hendricks County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Henry County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Johnson County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Kosciusko County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Marion County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Montgomery County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Owen County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Pulaski County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Putnam County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Randolph County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Ripley County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Washington County, Indiana
 * Franklin Township, Wayne County, Indiana

Iowa

 * Franklin Township, Allamakee County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Appanoose County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Bremer County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Cass County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Clarke County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Decatur County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Des Moines County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Greene County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Lee County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Linn County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Marion County, Iowa, in Marion County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Monona County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Monroe County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, O'Brien County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Polk County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Story County, Iowa
 * Franklin Township, Washington County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Franklin Township, Bourbon County, Kansas
 * Franklin Township, Edwards County, Kansas
 * Franklin Township, Franklin County, Kansas
 * Franklin Township, Jackson County, Kansas
 * Franklin Township, Lincoln County, Kansas, in Lincoln County, Kansas
 * Franklin Township, Marshall County, Kansas, in Marshall County, Kansas
 * Franklin Township, Ness County, Kansas, in Ness County, Kansas
 * Franklin Township, Trego County, Kansas, in Trego County, Kansas
 * Franklin Township, Washington County, Kansas, in Washington County, Kansas

Michigan

 * Franklin Township, Clare County, Michigan
 * Franklin Township, Houghton County, Michigan
 * Franklin Township, Lenawee County, Michigan

Minnesota

 * Franklin Township, Wright County, Minnesota

Missouri

 * Franklin Township, Dent County, Missouri
 * Franklin Township, Grundy County, Missouri
 * Franklin Township, Howard County, Missouri
 * Franklin Township, Laclede County, Missouri
 * Franklin Township, Miller County, Missouri
 * Franklin Township, Newton County, Missouri, in Newton County, Missouri

Nebraska

 * Franklin Township, Butler County, Nebraska
 * Franklin Township, Fillmore County, Nebraska

New Jersey

 * Franklin Township, Bergen County, New Jersey, historical
 * Franklin Township, Essex County, New Jersey, now the township of Nutley
 * Franklin Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey
 * Franklin Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey
 * Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
 * Franklin Township, Warren County, New Jersey

North Carolina

 * Franklin Township, Rowan County, North Carolina
 * Franklin Township, Surry County, North Carolina

Ohio

 * Franklin Township, Adams County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Brown County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Clermont County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Columbiana County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Coshocton County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Darke County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Franklin County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Fulton County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Harrison County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Jackson County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Licking County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Mercer County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Monroe County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Morrow County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Portage County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Richland County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Ross County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Shelby County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Summit County, Ohio, now the city of New Franklin
 * Franklin Township, Tuscarawas County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Warren County, Ohio
 * Franklin Township, Wayne County, Ohio

Pennsylvania

 * Franklin Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Carbon County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
 * Franklin Township, York County, Pennsylvania

North Dakota

 * Franklin Township, Steele County, North Dakota, in Steele County, North Dakota

South Dakota

 * Franklin Township, Jerauld County, South Dakota, in Jerauld County, South Dakota
 * Franklin Township, Lake County, South Dakota, in Lake County, South Dakota

title: Franklin Township


text:
Kalogria

Kalogria (Καλογριά) may refer to the following places:

 * Kalogria, the Greek name for Kallurga, in Northern Cyprus
 * in Greece:
 * Kalogria, Achaea
 * Kalogria beach, a beach in Achaea, northwest Peloponnese
 * Kalogria, Chalkidiki, a village in Chalkidiki
 * Kalogria beach, Messenia, a beach in the municipality West Mani, Messenia
 * Kalogria Bay, in the Gulf of Euboea

title: Kalogria


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kinnoull Road

Kinnoull Road
Just when you thought Wikipedia couldn't get any sillier... along comes roadcruft! Delete unless someone can show it's really notable. P Ingerson 14:08, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it's not mentioned in the Pietermaritzburg article here, and Googling turned up a single reference to a residence. Delete.
 * Above comment was from IMeowbot 14:38, 16 Dec 2004.
 * Neutral. I guess it's high time I made good on my threat to create South 320th Street, Federal Way, Washington. - [[User:KeithTyler|Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ] ]]
 * Delete: A road is a road. The kept road articles aren't about the roads themselves, but about their names as a tag for an area of shopping or industry.  Now me, I'm no fan of the highway articles, as I don't think they do anything (and people complain about Rambots towns but not articles on highways?), but this is just a road...asphault and concrete with lines...in a place.  Not notable. Geogre 19:08, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --Computerjoe 19:43, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, we had one of these a while ago as link support for school vanity. --fvw *  19:49, 2004 Dec 16 (UTC)
 * Delete, a non-notable stretch of pavement. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 02:07, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - it's a road. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:02, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy, stub with no context . Sorry, I was a bit off on that one. Delete, nn Wyss 03:54, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree wholeheartedly with Geogre. Delete roads without wider significance. The articles on highways in the States should also be deleted post haste, or merged into a bumper highway article, because they just can't be expanded into proper articles. Would anyone support listing a few test cases?Dr Zen 07:28, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: not an article, no evidence of notability. Wile E. Heresiarch 16:40, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)