text:
User talk:Happaballer12

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
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Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

User:ClockworkSoul 05:31, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

american/british spelling
meter is spelled metre in British/Commonwealth English, fyi. -Grick(talk to me!) 03:05, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Happaballer12


text:
User talk:Chevelle572

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

User:ClockworkSoul 05:31, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sup steve? Jm51 23:11, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi! I'm intrigued by the Debian screenshot you posted. Whether it's your own or you got it from somewhere, what panels are used etc. I tried e-mailing you, but apparently you've disabled it. Anyway, could you e-mail me or drop a pointer on two on my talk page? Thanks

Lovro 23:43, Mar 26, 2005 (UTC)

Hello there. Like the above Wikipedian I came across your Debian screenshot (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Screenshot-6.png) and was wondering what application provided that panel to the right? I would be very interested to know! If you could (be the first to) write on my Talk page I'd be very appreciative :-). Thanks! --BigglesZX 19:29, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Screenshot-6.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Screenshot-6.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 18:09, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Debian
Hey. Just looked at this and wondered, can I get this on a newer Debian copy? Do you know how?/ Putting copes on your and the pics, don't know which to go for. --Linuxuser13 (talk) 12:50, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Chevelle572


text:
McNab

McNab, MacNab, Macnab, MacNabb or Mac-Nab is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Alex McNab, Scottish-US soccer player and coach
 * Sir Allan MacNab, 1st Bt (1798–1862), Canadian military and political leader
 * Andrew McNab (born 1984), Canadian ski mountaineer
 * Andy McNab (born 1959), British novelist
 * Archibald McNab (1826–1924), Canadian politician
 * Archibald Peter McNab (1864–1945), Canadian politician
 * Bob McNab (born 1943), English football player
 * Buzz McNab, fictional character
 * Chica Macnab (1889-1980), Scottish artist
 * Claire McNab (1940–2022), Australian writer
 * Colin McNab (born 1961), British chess Grandmaster
 * Colin McNab (footballer) (1902–1970), Scottish footballer
 * David McNab (disambiguation)
 * Donovan McNabb (born 1976), NFL quarterback
 * Duncan McNab (1820–1896), missionary
 * Frank McNab (died 1878), member of the Lincoln County Regulators
 * James McNab, first settler in Norval, Ontario
 * James Charles Macnab of Macnab (1926–2013), 23rd chief of Clan Macnab
 * Jim McNab (1940–2006), footballer
 * Jock McNab (1894–1949), footballer
 * Malcolm McNab, session musician
 * Max McNab (1924–2007), Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and NHL General Manager
 * Mercedes McNab (born 1980), Canadian actress
 * Michael A. McNab, Judge (born 1975), St. Bernard Parish Justice of The Peace for Ward F in Louisiana
 * Neil McNab (born 1957), Scottish footballer
 * Peter McNab (1952-2022), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Robert McNab (1864–1917), New Zealand politician
 * Sam McNab (1926–1995), Scottish professional footballer
 * Sandy McNab (1911–1962), Scottish footballer
 * Thomas McNab (1849–1929), Canadian alderman
 * Tom McNab (1933–2006), New Zealand footballer
 * William McNab (engineer) (1855–1923) Canadian engineer
 * William Ramsay McNab (1844–1929) Scottish botanist

title: McNab


text:
William Hopper

William DeWolf Hopper Jr. (January 26, 1915 – March 6, 1970) was an American stage, film, and television actor. The only child of actor DeWolf Hopper and actress and Hollywood columnist Hedda Hopper, he appeared in more than 80 feature films in the 1930s and 1940s. After serving in the United States Navy during World War II, he left acting, but was persuaded by director William Wellman in the 1950s to resume his film career. He’s perhaps best known for his portrayal of private detective Paul Drake in the CBS television series Perry Mason.

Early life
William DeWolf Hopper Jr., was born January 26, 1915, in New York City. He was the only child of actor, singer, comedian, and theatrical producer DeWolf Hopper and his fifth wife, actress Hedda Hopper (born Elda Furry). He had a half-brother, John A. Hopper, from his father's second marriage in the 1880s.

Hopper made his film debut as a baby in his father's 1916 silent movie Sunshine Dad. His mother divorced his father in 1922 and took Hopper to live in Hollywood. Hedda Hopper became a gossip columnist with nearly 30 million readers in newspapers in the U.S., and was a proponent of the Hollywood blacklist

1930s–1940s
Hopper began his acting career as a teenager. He made his first stage appearance at the Pasadena Community Playhouse, in She Loves Me Not. He worked in summer stock in Ogunquit, Maine. He appeared on Broadway in Order Please (1934) and as a member of the ensemble in Katharine Cornell's production of Romeo and Juliet (1934–35).

In 1936, Hopper won a contract at Paramount Pictures. He was credited in movies as Wolfe Hopper and DeWolf Hopper. In 1936, he appeared in The King Steps Out, and in 1937 he was in Public Wedding, Over the Goal, The Footloose Heiress and in 1938, Mystery House.

Hopper's film roles included Stagecoach (1939), The Return of Dr. X (1939), Over the Goal (1939), Knute Rockne, All American (1940), The Maltese Falcon (1941) and Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942).

Hopper became an actor because his mother expected it of him. "When I worked at Warner Bros.," Hopper said, "I was so scared I stuttered all the time."

Military service and postwar career
Hopper served with the United States Navy during World War II, as a volunteer with the Office of Strategic Services and as a member of the newly created Underwater Demolition Team. He received a Bronze Star and several other medals during operations in the Pacific.

For eight years after the war, Hopper became involved in business and sold cars in Hollywood. He combined car sales and acting when opportunities came up during the advent of television.

"I didn't even think about acting much until a friend, director Bill Wellman, asked me to do a part in The High and the Mighty," Hopper recalled.

1950s
In 1953, director William Wellman persuaded Hopper to resume his movie career with his 1954 film, The High and the Mighty, opposite Jan Sterling. Before filming began, Hopper challenged Wellman because he suspected his mother had arranged the offer. "When it appeared Wellman was serious, I asked him if he knew whose son I was. He ignored me," Hopper recalled. "I was so lousy, so nervous, I didn't even know where the camera was. But somehow Billy got me through. Afterward, I thanked him. He said, 'Thank me, my foot. After this, you're going to be in every picture I make.' I didn't believe him." Hopper subsequently appeared in two of Wellman's films, Track of the Cat (1954) and Good-bye, My Lady (1956).

Hopper was cast to star opposite Claire Trevor in the live television drama "No Sad Songs for Me", broadcast April 14, 1955, on NBC's Lux Video Theatre. He had such stage fright, he initially cancelled: "I swore I'd never act again as long as I lived", Hopper recalled. "Then I thought, what the heck, they can't shoot me, and walked on the set. Something happened then. It was as if someone had surgically removed the nerves."

At last comfortable on screen, Hopper played the stern and emotionally distant father of Natalie Wood in the James Dean classic Rebel Without a Cause (1955), and the absentee father in The Bad Seed (1956). He starred in the science-fiction films 20 Million Miles to Earth and The Deadly Mantis, released in 1957.

In 1956 Hopper guest-starred again on television during the first season of the Western series Gunsmoke, portraying an outlaw initially supported by townsfolk in an episode titled "Robin Hood". He returned that year as murdering outlaw “Tasker” in S1E38’s “Unknown Grave”. The following year he played a supporting role in the pilot episode of the television series The Restless Gun, which was broadcast as an episode of Schlitz Playhouse of Stars. Some of Hopper's other television guest appearances include The Joseph Cotten Show, Fury, Studio 57, and The Millionaire.

Perry Mason
Hopper is best known for his principal role as the private investigator Paul Drake on CBS's courtroom television series Perry Mason (1957–66). He initially tested for the title role, while Raymond Burr read for the role of Mason's courtroom adversary, district attorney Hamilton Burger. Burr was encouraged to lose weight and return to audition for the role of Perry Mason – which he did, successfully. Hopper, too, was called back. Executive producer Gail Patrick Jackson recalled, "When Bill Hopper came in to read for Paul Drake he blurted out, 'You hate my mother.' And that was Hedda Hopper. Well, I disliked what she stood for, but 'hate' is something else — and anyway he was perfect as Drake, and we got him."

Wrote Brian Kelleher and Diana Merrill in their chronicle of the television series: "As Paul Drake, William Hopper was called on to be the most versatile of the principals in the Perry Mason cast. He was not only the careful investigator, the duke-it-out tough guy, the ladies' man, and the hipster, but also the fall guy, the strikeout artist, the 'eating machine' and 'the big kid.' Hopper's Drake alone provided the comic relief for the show. And, despite being a rather late bloomer to the acting field, he played all the parts surprisingly well and believably. His appearances made fair shows good, and good shows better."

A 1959 episode, "The Case of Paul Drake's Dilemma", had Hopper's character on trial for murder.

Hopper continued to work in summer stock and to make movie appearances during his years on Perry Mason; however, after the series was cancelled in 1966, he declined other television offers. He did, though, make one final film appearance in Myra Breckinridge (1970), which premiered in New York three months after his death.

Awards and honors
In 1959, Hopper was nominated as Best Supporting Actor (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic Series at the 11th Primetime Emmy Awards for his performance as Paul Drake.

Personal life
In 1940, Hopper married actress Jane Gilbert. They had worked together on the 1939 film Invisible Stripes. The couple had one daughter, Joan.

In September 1962, TV Guide magazine reported that Hopper and Gilbert had separated. They later divorced, and Hopper married Jeanette Juanita Ward. They remained together until his death.

Death
Hopper entered Desert Hospital in Palm Springs, California, on February 14, 1970, after suffering a stroke. He died of pneumonia three weeks later, on March 6, at age 55. He was buried in Rose Hills Memorial Park in Whittier, California.

Broadway

 * 1934: Order Please, Playhouse Theatre (as Victor Neilson)
 * 1934–35: Romeo and Juliet, Martin Beck Theatre (Ensemble)

title: William Hopper


text:
User talk:Vicks007

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

User:ClockworkSoul 05:31, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vicks007


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Home Team

The Home Team
The Home Team was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

The article makes no effort to prove notability and despite several google searches I can't find anything that suggests the group is notable or known outside of their area/neighborhood. (ex. No listing on Amazon) [[User:BrokenSegue|BrokenSegue]] 05:31, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete band vanity Cdc 07:05, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If they're notable I would've expected to see their last names in the article at the very least. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 08:54, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Band substub vanity. Geogre 15:26, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Jayjg 19:30, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Band vanity.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 20:51, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * redirect to home team. -R. fiend 18:13, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * redirect to home team Pedant 00:26, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)


text:
Charles Wirgman

Charles Wirgman (31 August 1832 - 8 February 1891) was an English artist and cartoonist, the creator of the Japan Punch and illustrator in China and Meiji period-Japan for the Illustrated London News.

Wirgman was the eldest son of Ferdinand Charles Wirgman (1806–57) and brother of Theodore Blake Wirgman. He married Ozawa Kane in 1863, and the couple had one son.

Wirgman arrived in Japan in 1861 as a correspondent for the Illustrated London News, and resided in Yokohama from 1861 until his death. He published the first magazine in Japan, the Japan Punch, monthly between 1862 and spring 1887. Like its British namesake, the magazine was written in a humorous, often satirical manner, and was illustrated with Wirgman's cartoons.

Wirgman formed a partnership called "Beato & Wirgman, Artists and Photographers" with Felice Beato from 1864 to 1867. Wirgman again produced illustrations derived from Beato's photographs while Beato photographed some of Wirgman's sketches and other works.

Wirgman taught western-style drawing and painting techniques to a number of Japanese artists, possibly including the ukiyo-e artist Kobayashi Kiyochika. From 1865 he had Goseda Yoshimatsu and Kanō Tomonobu as his pupils. In 1866 he taught Takahashi Yuichi, sponsoring his work for the International Exposition of 1867. He also was briefly an English tutor, most notably to the future Admiral Tōgō, then a young cadet.

In the 1860s, he accompanied British envoy Sir Ernest Satow on a number of journeys around Japan as described in Satow's Diplomat in Japan.

Wirgman's grave is in the Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery.

title: Charles Wirgman


text:
Byblis (plant)

Byblis is a small genus of carnivorous plants, sometimes termed the rainbow plants for the attractive appearance of their mucilage-covered leaves in bright sunshine. Native to Australia and New Guinea, it is the only genus in the family Byblidaceae. The first species in the genus was described by the English botanist Richard Anthony Salisbury in 1808. Eight species are now recognised (see below).

Byblis species look very similar to Drosera and Drosophyllum, but are distinguished by their zygomorphic flowers, with five curved stamens off to one side of the pistil. These genera are in fact not closely related; modern classifications place Byblis in the Lamiales, while the sundews and Drosophyllum are now placed in the Caryophyllales.

Plant characteristics
All species of the genus form upright growth supported by a weak, fibrous root system. The genus can be divided into two groups or "complexes": The B. liniflora complex and the B. gigantea complex (see below).

Leaves
The leaves of all species are round in cross section and highly elongated, tapering at the end. The surface of the leaves is densely studded with glandular hairs which secrete a mucilaginous substance from their tip. These serve to attract small insects, which upon touching the sticky secretions are ensnared. Unless they are strong enough to escape, the insect prey either die of exhaustion or asphyxiate as the mucilage envelops them and clogs their spiracles. Unlike the sundews, however, Byblis can move neither their tentacles nor the leaves themselves to aid trapping or digestion. As a result, they are grouped among the "passive flypaper traps" along with Pinguicula, Drosophyllum, Roridula, Stylidium and Triphyophyllum peltatum.

Along with the stalked mucilaginous glands, the leaves are also equipped with sessile glands, which assumedly are responsible for the secretion of the digestive juices. Sessile glands are five to ten times as numerous as the stalked glands.

Flowers
Flowers in this genus are borne singly at the end of unbranching, leaf-like inflorescences which emerge from the leaf axils. The five-petaled flowers are generally purple to pale violet, though B. gigantea and B. filifolia can sometimes produce white flowers. Except for the self-fertile B. liniflora, all species require pollen from other individuals for fertilization. The pollen release of B. gigantea and B. lamellata is only triggered by the resonance frequency of the wings of a landing pollinator, helping ensure cross-pollination with other individuals. The flowers of Byblis start to bloom in early spring and last until late summer.

Fruit and seeds
Fertilized flowers mature to form an egg-shaped, two-parted seed capsule. As the seed capsule dries out it cracks open (dehisces), dropping the seed on the ground (see gravity dispersal). The black seeds are generally round and often bear webbed surface markings, although those of B. lamellata are strongly ridged (see ). The germination of many species is brought on by bush fires after the dry period; pyrogenic chemicals in the smoke are responsible for triggering germination.

Distribution and habitat
All Byblis species are native to Australia. B. gigantea and B. lamellata are endemic to the Perth region of southwest Australia, while the species making up the B. liniflora complex are found only in north Australia. The exception here is B. liniflora itself, whose distribution extends into southern Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

Like many carnivorous plants, Byblis species usually grow in bogs and marshes. They generally prefer seasonally wet sandy soil in partial or direct sunlight with temperatures between ~ 5 - 40 C.

Environmental status
As native plants of Australia, all Byblis species are protected. Until the year 2000, they were also given international protection under CITES appendix II, but were removed from the list when Australia entered the CITES agreement. Since then trade of the genus has been unregulated outside of Australia. However, due to the sensitivity of the plant, interest in the genus has been restricted to a small portion of the carnivorous plant hobbyist community. The majority of plant material sold today is produced in cultivation, with the annual B. filifolia and B. liniflora being the most common. Most of the other species must be grown from seed, which is often collected from the wild for this purpose.

The West Australian species B. gigantea und B. lamellata are being threatened by habitat destruction for urban sprawl from cities such as Perth. Particularly damaging is the draining of wet habitats to produce arable land. B. gigantea is on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species and is considered critically endangered.

Carnivorous or protocarnivorous
The status of the genus as a truly carnivorous plant has been repeatedly put into question. In their natural habitat, all species have been observed playing host to live bugs of the genus Setocoris, which nourished themselves by eating prey caught by the plants. Following this discovery it was assumed that, as with the genus Roridula, the plants do not actually digest their prey themselves, rather relying on the bugs to do that. The plants, it was reasoned, benefited by absorbing nutrients from the excrements of the bugs, either through their leaves or through the ground. An indirect digestion of these nutrients by a chitinase producing fungus was even proposed. It was not until 2005 that direct digestion of insect prey by enzymes secreted by the sessile glands of B. filifolia was proven. Soon thereafter similar results were found with B. liniflora. These results clearly place this genus among the true carnivorous plants.

Systematics
Molecular genetics studies have placed the genus in the order Lamiales. While its placement within the order is still unclear, it is closely related to Martyniaceae, Lentibulariaceae as well as Gesneriaceae.

For a time, the genus Roridula was also assigned to the family Byblidaceae. Since that time, however, it has been placed into its own family, Roridulaceae.

Traditionally the genus was divided into only two species, namely B. gigantea and B. liniflora. Further species were described in the 1980s, particularly through the work of the Australian botanist Allen Lowrie. Eight species are currently recognised:

 * Byblis aquatica (annual, scrambling stem up to 45 cm, semiaquatic habitats)
 * Byblis filifolia (annual, up to 60 cm, anthers longer than filaments)
 * Byblis gigantea (perennial, up to 70 cm, seeds with honeycomb pattern)
 * Byblis guehoi
 * Byblis lamellata (perennial, up to 45 cm, deeply ridged seeds)
 * Byblis liniflora (annual, up to 15 cm, anthers shorter than filaments)
 * Byblis pilbarana
 * Byblis rorida (annual, up to 30 cm, heavily set with glandular tentacles)

Byblis liniflora complex
The four species of this complex, B. liniflora, B. rorida, B. filifolia and B. aquatica, are annual herbaceous plants that reach a height of 15 - 50 cm and a maximum leaf length of 4 - 15 cm. These species grow from seedlings to flowering plants in only a few months, setting seed and dying with the onset of the dry season. The original haploid chromosome count of this complex is x=8. The diploid number is therefore 2n=16, whereas the tetraploid species B. liniflora is 2n=32.

Byblis gigantea complex
The remaining two species, B. lamellata und B. gigantea, make up what is known as the B. gigantea complex. These perennial species are both endemic to Southwest Australia, and reach heights of 45 - 70 cm. Unlike the annual members of the B. liniflora complex, these species survive the dry season by dying back to an underground rhizome, out of which they emerge come fall. The leaves of this complex can reach 20 cm in length. The base chromosome count of the complex is x=9; since both species are diploid, their chromosome count is 2n=18.

Paleobotany
In the year 2004 a single fossil of a seed, resembling that of members of the modern day B. liniflora complex, was discovered in south Australia dating from the middle of the Eocene epoch. The species was assigned to the Byblidaceae as a parataxon of the genus. The sole specimen was unfortunately destroyed in a lab accident shortly after being photographed.

Etymology
The Latin generic name "Byblis" originates from a goddess from Greek mythology, of whom Ovid wrote in his Metamorphoses (IX, l. 454–664). Byblis, niece of Apollo, fell deeply in love with her twin brother Caunus. At his rejection of her advances, she let forth an endless stream of glistening tears, eventually literally transforming into a spring. The droplets lining the leaves of the Byblis are said to resemble those tears.

The English vernacular name - "rainbow plants" - also denotes the mucilaginous droplets which, under the right lighting conditions and viewing angle, sparkle in a rainbow of colors.

title: Byblis (plant)


text:
Mount Humphreys

Mount Humphreys is a mountain peak in the Sierra Nevada on the Fresno-Inyo county line in the U.S. state of California. It is the 13th highest peak in California (the highest peak that is not a fourteener), and the highest peak in the Bishop area. The mountain was named by the California Geological Survey of 1873 for Andrew A. Humphreys, the chief engineer of the United States Army at the time.

title: Mount Humphreys


text:
User talk:Oyz

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

 * First, take a look at the Wikipedia Tutorial, and perhaps dabble a bit in the test area.
 * When you have some free time, take a look at the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines. They can come in very handy!
 * Remember to use a neutral point of view!
 * If you need any help, feel free to post a question at the Help Desk
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Also, here are some odds and ends that I find useful from time to time:

 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~~~~.

Best of luck, and have fun!

User:ClockworkSoul 05:37, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Request for edit summary
When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labelled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature. When you leave the edit summary blank, some of your edits could be mistaken for vandalism and may be reverted, so please always briefly summarize your edits, especially when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers. Thank you. – Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 17:08, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

$$e^{j\pi}=1$$

Complex-conjugate multiplications with complex-swap
Efficient Implementation for Complex-Conjugate Multiplications with Complex-Swap

Coexistence of complex and complex-conjugate multiplications

Householder transformation

 * $$H = I - 2 \ v \ v^*$$
 * $$v = e^{j\theta} \ e_1 - w$$
 * $$H w = e_1 $$
 * $$H e_1 = w $$
 * $$||v|| = 1$$
 * $$||w|| = 1$$
 * $$H^* H = I$$

 * $$ R = \Theta - W $$
 * $$ W^*W=I, \qquad \Theta^*\Theta=I. $$
 * $$ \Gamma^* R^* R \Gamma = I $$
 * $$ R + 2 R \Gamma \Gamma^* R^* W =0 $$

 * $$ R\Gamma + 2 R \Gamma \Gamma^* R^* (\Theta - R)\Gamma =0 $$
 * $$ R\Gamma + 2 R \Gamma \Gamma^* R^* \Theta \Gamma - 2 R \Gamma \Gamma^* R^* R\Gamma =0 $$
 * $$ 2 R \Gamma \Gamma^* R^* \Theta \Gamma = R \Gamma $$

 * $$ R - 2 R \Gamma \Gamma^* R^* \Theta =0 $$

 * $$ R \Gamma \Gamma^* R^* (W + \Theta) =0 $$

 * $$ (\Theta - W) \Gamma \Gamma^* (\Theta - W)^* (\Theta + W) =0 $$

 * $$ \Gamma^* (\Theta^* W - W^* \Theta) =0 $$

 * It implies $$ \Gamma $$ is not full-rank. It contradicts with $$ \Gamma^* R^* R \Gamma = I $$.

 * Therefore, $$ \Theta^* W = W^* \Theta $$

The case of one-rank modification is the only possible one for the reflection with any desired hyperplane.
 * Since $$ \Theta $$ or $$ W $$ can not be Hermitian matrices, the failure of the generalization is proved.

 * But multiple-rank reflection transform can be used for finding the basis of the null space!

Order-recursive calculation of SVD via column-wise augmentation
Low-latency SVD

applications to mimo detector, steering matrix gain ...

introduction
* motivation * real-time or massive data application: small processing resource or high data volume. * column- or row-wise data insertion: cache structure or memory limitation. * need to update inovative column information... * enabling ideas * rank-one update formula: adding new column * solving secular equation * bi-digonalization for numerical stability

approach

 * order-recursive formula:
 * $$ \mathbf A_{n+1} =

\begin{pmatrix} \mathbf A_n & \mathbf c_{n+1} \\ \end{pmatrix} $$

* uninary matrices can be used to obtain an almost diagonalized matrix: * Using Householder transformation, the upper-triangular form can be obtained (tall matrix assumed.): * The almost diagonal matrix can be diagonalized by means of the previous approaches. * Among them, the secular equation solving is the best for rank-one update: * it leads to finding simple zeros of polynomials. * linear interplation/iterations are enough.
 * consider the SVD of A,,n,,is available:

solving secular equation

 * Summary:

 * 1) move zero sigmas right-most: column-swap
 * 2) move up zero d's: column-and-row swap
 * 3) make a square part by householder transforming residual d.
 * 4) apply secular equation for the square part of dimension r-q+1.
 * 5) merge diagonal parts and unitary matrices: singular values are not ordered for calculation speed.
 * 6) sort the diagonal

 * re-visit formula:

\mathbf U_n^* \ \mathbf A_{n+1} \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf V_n & \mathbf 0 \\ \mathbf 0^* & 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf \Sigma_n[1:r,1:r] & \mathbf O_{r\times(n-r)}  &  \mathbf d_{n+1}[1:r] \\ \mathbf O_{(n-r)\times r} & \mathbf O_{n-r} &  \mathbf d_{n+1}[r+1:n]         \\ \mathbf O_{(m-n)\times r} & \mathbf O_{(m-n)\times(n-r)}   & \mathbf d_{n+1}[n+1:m] \\ \end{pmatrix} $$ where $$r$$ is rank of $$\Sigma_n$$. Note that $$\mathbf d_{n+1}[1:r]$$ may include zeros.

 * more swapping rows and columns for zero singular values and diagonal parts.
 * 1) move zero sigmas right-most: column-swap
 * 1) move up zero d's: column-and-row swap

\mathbf P_{\mathbf d_{n+1}}^* \mathbf U_n^* \ \mathbf A_{n+1} \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf V_n & \mathbf 0 \\ \mathbf 0^* & 1 \end{pmatrix} \mathbf P_{\mathbf \Sigma_n} \mathbf P_{\mathbf d_{n+1}} = \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf \Sigma_{n,0}     & \mathbf O_{q\times(r-q)}   &  \mathbf 0_q                & \mathbf O_{q\times(n-r)}\\ \mathbf O_{(r-q)\times q} & \mathbf \Sigma_{n,1}    &  \mathbf f_{n+1}[q+1:r]     & \mathbf O_{(r-q)\times(n-r)}\\ \mathbf O_{(m-r)\times q} & \mathbf O_{(m-r)\times(r-q)}    & \mathbf d_{n+1}[r+1:m]  & \mathbf O_{(m-r)\times(n-r)} \\ \end{pmatrix} $$ where $$\mathbf P_{\mathbf d_{n+1}}$$ is a proper permutation matrix s.t. the non-zero elements of $$\mathbf d_{n+1}[1:r]$$ form a new vector $$\mathbf f_{n+1}[q+1:r]$$. 1. apply secular equation for the square part of dimension r-q+1. }     Note that the coefficients of the secular equation will be non-zero. It leads to easy non-generic soluation.
 * 1) make a square part by householder transforming residual d. }

 * 1) merge diagonal parts and unitary matrices: singular values are not ordered for calculation speed.
 * $$ \mathbf A_{n+1} = \mathbf U_{n+1}

\begin{pmatrix} \mathbf \Sigma_{n+1} \\ \mathbf O_{(m-n-1)\times (n+1)} \end{pmatrix} \mathbf V_{n+1}^* $$ where the unordered diagonal matrix is
 * $$ \mathbf \Sigma_{n+1}

= \begin{pmatrix} \left. \begin{matrix} \mathbf \Sigma_{n,0}     & \mathbf O_{q\times(r-q+1)} \\ \mathbf O_{(r-q+1)\times q} & \mathbf \Sigma_{n+\tfrac{1}{2}} \\ \end{matrix} \right| & \mathbf O_{(n+1)\times (n-r)} \end{pmatrix} $$ and the unitary matrices are calculated by multiplying the intermediate unitary matrices:

\mathbf U_{n+1} = \mathbf U_n \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf I_r & \mathbf O \\ \mathbf O  & \mathbf H_{m-r} \end{pmatrix} \mathbf P_{\mathbf d_{n+1}} \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf I_r  & \mathbf 0   & \mathbf O \\ \mathbf 0^*  & -e^{j\angle\mathbf d_{n+1}[n+1]} & \mathbf 0^* \\ \mathbf O    & \mathbf 0   & \mathbf I_{m-r-1}  \\ \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf I_q  &   \mathbf O                     & \mathbf O \\ \mathbf O    & \mathbf U_{n+\tfrac{1}{2}}      & \mathbf O_{(r-q+1)\times (m-r-1)} \\ \mathbf O    & \mathbf O_{(m-r-1)\times (r-q+1)} & \mathbf I_{m-r-1} \end{pmatrix} $$ and

\mathbf V_{n+1} = \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf V_n & \mathbf 0 \\ \mathbf 0^* & 1 \end{pmatrix} \mathbf P_{\mathbf \Sigma_n} \mathbf P_{\mathbf d_{n+1}} \begin{pmatrix} \mathbf I_q & \mathbf O                & \mathbf O   \\ \mathbf O & \mathbf V_{n+\tfrac{1}{2}} & \mathbf O  \\ \mathbf O & \mathbf O                  & \mathbf I_{n-r-1} \\ \end{pmatrix} . $$

 * 1) sort the diagonal

example
* mx2 case * formula: * trivial SVD of a,,1,,: * almost digonalization: * upper-triangular form is good for numerical stability and compact calculation as well: * mx3 case * mx4 case

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title: User talk:Oyz


text: Category:New Jersey Legislature

title: Category:New Jersey Legislature


text:
User talk:Skimaxpower

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

Here are some useful tips to ease you into the Wikipedia experience:

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Operation Lea
Hi, I would ask you if you could have a look on the article Operation Lea, which I have written completely. I am not a native speaker, so your expression skills are better than mine.

--kl833x9 11:02, 1 Apr 2005 (CEST)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Skimaxpower! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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title: User talk:Skimaxpower


text:
User talk:*Kat*

 * archive
 * archive2
 * archive3

help
i need some help can i source the books written by a person himself in his biography ?? thanks --Sandeep (talk) 08:25, 28 January 2014 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Severed Press

A tag has been placed on Severed Press, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

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A cup of coffee for you!
Thanks! And thank you for your strong statement of support. Perhaps I am being too optimistic but it looks like we are on our way to an actual policy change. At least, I hope we are. --*Kat* (talk) 20:53, 3 March 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of List of locations in the Honorverse for deletion
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Proposed deletion of File:CharlesIIcropped.png

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title: User talk:*Kat*


text: Category:New Jersey culture

title: Category:New Jersey culture


text:
Blue-plate special

A blue-plate special is a discount-priced meal that usually changes daily: a term used in the United States and Canada by restaurants, especially diners and cafes.

The practice was very common from the 1920s through the 1950s. , there are still a few restaurants and diners that offer blue-plate specials under that name, sometimes on blue plates, but it is a vanishing tradition. However, the phrase is still a common American colloquialism.

A collection of 1930s prose gives this definition: "A Blue Plate Special is a low-priced daily diner special — a main course with all the fixins, a daily combo, a square for two bits."

History
The origin and explanation of the phrase are unclear. Michael Quinion cites a dictionary entry indicating that the blue plates were, more specifically, inexpensive divided plates that were decorated with a "blue willow" or similar blue pattern, such as those popularized by the more expensive Spode and Wedgwood. One of his correspondents says that the first known use of the term is on an October 22, 1892, Fred Harvey Company restaurant menu and implies that blue-plate specials were regular features at Harvey Houses in the late 19th century. Alternatively, Kevin Reed says that "during the Depression, a manufacturer started making plates with separate sections for each part of a meal — like a TV dinner tray — it seems that for whatever reason they were only available in the color blue."

The term became common starting in the late 1920s. A May 27, 1926, advertisement in The New York Times for "The Famous Old Sea Grill Lobster and Chop House" at 141 West 45th Street promised "A La Carte All Hours", "Moderate Prices", and "Blue Plate Specials". A December 2, 1928, article, lamenting the rise in prices that had made it difficult to "dine on a dime," praised an Ann Street establishment where one could still get "a steak-and-lots-of-onion sandwich for a dime" and a "big blue-plate special, with meat course and three vegetables, is purchasable for a quarter, just as it has been for the last ten years." The first book publication of Damon Runyon's story, "Little Miss Marker," was in a 1934 collection titled Damon Runyon's Blue Plate Special. A Hollywood columnist wrote in 1940, "Every time Spencer Tracy enters the Metro commissary, executives and minor geniuses look up from their blue plate specials to look at the actor and marvel."

"No substitutions" was a common policy on blue-plate specials. One 1947 Candid Microphone episode features Allen Funt ordering a blue-plate special and trying to talk the waiter into making various changes, such as replacing the vegetable soup with consommé, while the polite but increasingly annoyed waiter tries in vain to explain to Funt that "no substitutions" means what it says. Our Man in Havana (1958) by Graham Greene has the following exchange regarding an "American blue-plate lunch": "'Surely you know what a blue-plate is, man? They shove the whole meal at you under your nose, already dished up on your plate – roast turkey, cranberry sauce, sausages and carrots and French fried. I can't bear French fried but there's no pick and choose with a blue-plate.' 'No pick and choose?' 'You eat what you're given. That's democracy, man.'"

Contemporary usage
In contemporary usage, a "blue-plate special" can be any inexpensive full meal, a daily special, or merely a whimsical phrase for a home meal composed of odds and ends or leftovers.

In film and television
In the 1973 film The Sting, Robert Redford's character Johnny "Kelly" Hooker orders the blue-plate special at the diner. In the 1974 film The Front Page, condemned killer Earl Williams is said to be getting a "95-cent blue plate special from the greasy spoon across the street" for his last meal. In the 1997 movie Good Will Hunting Matt Damon's character references a "blue plate special" in one of the movie's more memorable monologues when explaining why he does not wish to work for the government. In the television series Double Dare, one obstacle on the final course is called the Blue Plate Special. In The Devil All The Time (Netflix), Willard is offered the meatloaf "blue plate special" by the waitress in the Wooden Spoon Diner in Meade, Ohio; he opts instead for coffee and a doughnut. In The X-Files, Skinner orders a “blue plate special” in a diner, just before getting shot.

In print
In Graham Greene's Our Man in Havana (first published in 1958), the protagonist, Mr Wormold, is almost poisoned by a rival while eating a blue-plate lunch at a meeting of the European Traders' Association.

In the Blondie comic strip for July 8, 1964, Dagwood is curious about the blue plate special being served on a white plate, and the explanation is that it's named after the cook, Oscar Blueplate.

Richard Bernstein titled his New York Times review of Andrew Hurley's book Diners, Bowling Alleys, and Trailer Parks (2001), "The Red, White and Blue Plate Special".

Road food experts Jane and Michael Stern titled their guidebook Blue Plate Specials and Blue Ribbon Chefs: The Heart And Soul of America's Great Roadside Restaurants (2001).

title: Blue-plate special


text:
Talk:Heart in Motion

Fair use rationale for Image:Heart In Motion.jpg
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Genre(s)
It says that the song is "the best-selling Christian music album ever released", so why wouldn't it say "Christian" (or CCM) as a genre. Musdan77 (talk) 05:46, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heart in Motion


text:
User talk:Apblum

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Welcome, newcomer!

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 * Policy Library
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can most easily reach me by posting on my talk page.

You can sign your name on any page by typing 4 tildes, likes this:  Ron h jones (Talk) 22:46, 10 June 2011 (UTC).

Best of luck, and have fun!

User:ClockworkSoul 05:42, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Proposed Image Deletion
A deletion discussion has just been created at Category talk:Unclassified Chemical Structures, which may involve one or more orphaned chemical structures, that has you user name in the upload history. Please feel free to add your comments.  Ron h jones (Talk) 22:46, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Apblum


text:
Bonnyville

Bonnyville is a town situated in East Northern Alberta, Canada between Cold Lake and St. Paul. The Municipal District (MD) of Bonnyville No. 87 surrounds the community.

The community derives its name from Father Bonnin, a Roman Catholic priest.

Geography
Bonnyville is located on the north shore of Jessie Lake. The lake is an important staging area for thousands of migrating birds, and therefore attracts birdwatchers. Other nearby lakes include Moose Lake and Muriel Lake.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Bonnyville had a population of 6,404 living in 2,537 of its 2,986 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 5,975. With a land area of 14.17 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The population of the Town of Bonnyville according to its 2017 municipal census is 6,422, a change of NaN% from its 2014 municipal census population of 6,921.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Bonnyville recorded a population of 5,975 living in 2,281 of its 2,706 total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2011 population of 6,216. With a land area of 14.18 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Population controversy
The determination of the Town of Bonnyville's population has been subject to controversy since 2006. Statistics Canada's February 2017 release of the population and dwelling counts from the 2016 census reported an overall population of 5,417, which was residents fewer than 6,921 permanent residents the municipality counted in its own census conducted in 2014, and  less than the 6,216 counted in Statistics Canada's 2011 census. The population count as initially reported by Statistics Canada resulted in a change of -12.9%, which gave Bonnyville the distinction of being the municipality in Canada, among those with at least 5,000 inhabitants, that experienced the greatest percentage loss in population between 2011 and 2016. The Town of Bonnyville disputed the 2016 census results and conducted its own census in 2017 that counted a population of 6,422, which was higher than the 2016 population published by Statistics Canada and  less than what the town had counted in 2014. Later in 2017, Statistics Canada issued a revised 2016 population count of 5,975 for Bonnyville, higher than the originally reported population of 5,417.

Language
Although English is the dominant language in Bonnyville, it is home to a notable Franco-Albertan minority. Its most common non-official mother tongues are Tagalog and Ukrainian.

Economy
Bonnyville's economy is based on nearby oil reserves and agricultural resources, and benefits from its location between the markets of St. Paul and Cold Lake.

Attractions
In celebration of Bonnyville's centennial year (2007), the town constructed the Centennial Centre, an educational and recreational centre, as an extension of the R. J. Lalonde Arena and the Bonnyville & District Agriplex. Its construction was somewhat controversial as its cost exceeded the original estimate and required a tax hike for both residents of the town and the municipal district.

Sports
Bonnyville is home to the Bonnyville Pontiacs, a junior hockey team playing in the Alberta Junior Hockey League and also a senior hockey team, The Bonnyville Senior Pontiacs. The teams plays out of the R. J. Lalonde Arena, which is part of the Bonnyville & District Centennial Centre.

Government
Bonnyville Town Council is composed of a mayor and six councilors, all directly elected at large. The current mayor, as of the 2021 election, is Elisa Brosseau. The offices of the Municipal District of Bonnyville are located within the town.

Bonnyville is located within the Bonnyville-Cold Lake provincial electoral district. The current MLA is Scott Cyr, the United Conservative Party, elected in 2023. Previous MLAs include Genia Leskiw and Denis Ducharme.

Federally, Bonnyville falls within the electoral district of Lakeland, a newly re-created riding which is currently held by Shannon Stubbs of the Conservative Party, also first elected in 2015.

Education
Lakeland Catholic School District No. 150 and Northern Lights School Division No. 69 operate public schools within Bonnyville.

 * Lakeland Catholic School District No. 150
 * École Notre Dame Elementary School (offering kindergarten through grade 4 English and French programming)
 * École Dr. Bernard Brosseau School (offering grade 5 through grade 8 English and French programming)
 * École Notre Dame High School (offering grade 9 through grade 12 programming and a great handball team)

 * Northern Lights School Division No. 69
 * Duclos School (offering kindergarten through grade 4 programming)
 * H.E. Bourgoin School (offering grade 5 through grade 8 programming)
 * Bonnyville Centralized High School (offering grade 9 through grade 12 programming)
 * Bonnyville Outreach School (offering grade 9 through grade 12 programming)

Conseil scolaire Centre-Est
 * École des Beaux-Lacs (French school offering kindergarten through grade 12 programming)

Media

 * Bonnyville is served by CKSA-TV-2 (VHF channel 9), a rebroadcaster of Citytv affiliate CKSA-DT in Lloydminster.
 * Bonnyville is home to 2 FM radio stations, Hot 101.3 FM (CJEG-FM), owned by Stingray Digital with a CHR/Top 40 format, and Country 99 (CFNA-FM) at 99.7 with a Country format, owned by Vista Radio.
 * Bonnyville is served by two local newspapers: the Bonnyville Nouvelle, which recently became a regional paper under the name of Lakeland This Week, features news from Bonnyville, St. Paul, Cold Lake, Lac La Biche, and Elk Point. Respect, launched in 2018, is a locally-owned regional newspaper "for seniors (and seniors-to-be)."

Notable people

 * Tanner Boser, mixed martial artist
 * Denis Ducharme, former provincial politician
 * Tyler Ennis, former professional hockey player
 * Justin Fontaine, professional hockey player
 * Ernie Isley, former provincial politician and mayor
 * Jon Kalinski, professional hockey player
 * Eugenia "Genia" Leskiw, Canadian politician, Progressive Conservative (MLA 2008-2015)
 * Mike Plume, country music singer and songwriter

title: Bonnyville


text:
Talk:The Pointman Project

On 12 Nov 2004, this page was nominated for deletion. Based on the discussion, the page has been redirected to Agent Orange. The discussion is archived at Votes for deletion/The Pointman Project. Rossami (talk) 05:44, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Pointman Project


text:
Chamanto

A chamanto (Mapudungun chamall, woolen fabric) is a traditional decorative garment from central Chile, similar to a poncho and woven in silk thread and wool. Its entire contour is finished with ribbon edging. Traditionally, Chilean festive ponchos incorporate colors such as grey, brown, red, black, and white. The difference between a chamanto and other ponchos is their reversibility, as both sides — one light, one dark — are fully finished. Traditionally, the dark side of the poncho is used during the day, while its light side is mostly worn at night.

The chamantos gained world attention when they were worn by the 21 leaders of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation during the 2004 summit's official photo.

The making of a chamanto demands great diligence, because of the exquisiteness involved in the weaving of the silk and wool, plus the intricacy of the design sketched by crossing the threads.

The figures embellishing the chamantos include copihues, Chile's national flower, barley and wheat ears, blackberries, bunches of grape, fuchsias, pansies and various birds representative of the national fauna.

title: Chamanto


text: Category:Members of the New Jersey General Assembly


text:
Alfred O. P. Nicholson

Alfred Osborn Pope Nicholson (August 31, 1808 – March 23, 1876), was a lawyer, newspaper editor, banker, and politician from Tennessee. A Democrat, he was twice a US Senator from that state.

Biography
Nicholson was born near Franklin, Tennessee, in Williamson County. He attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, graduating in 1827. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1831, opening a law practice in Columbia, Tennessee. He edited the Western Mercury, a paper then published in Columbia, from 1832 to 1835. He also served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1833 to 1839. In 1840 he was appointed, on an interim basis, to succeed to the US Senate seat vacated by the death of Senator Felix Grundy. He served in that office from December 25, 1840, to February 7, 1842. From 1843 to 1845 he served in the Tennessee State Senate, moving to Nashville during this period. He edited the Nashville Union from 1844 to 1846. From 1846 to 1847 he served as a director, and then as president, of the Bank of Tennessee. He owned slaves.

In 1853 President Franklin Pierce wished to appoint him to the Cabinet, but he declined to serve. He edited the Washington Union from 1853 to 1856 and subsequently served as public printer to the United States House of Representatives.

In 1859, Nicholson was elected to the US Senate by the Tennessee General Assembly. He served from March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1861, when he withdrew from participation in the Senate in anticipation of Tennessee declaring secession, which occurred the next month. Later in 1861, he formally resigned, as did all other Senators from Confederate states. However, fellow Tennessee senator Andrew Johnson, a Southern Unionist, was the only U.S. senator from a Confederate state in rebellion that did not immediately resign upon learning of his state’s secession.

After the Civil War, Nicholson served as chief justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1870 until his death.

He died on March 23, 1876, in Columbia, Tennessee. He was buried in Columbia's Rose Hill Cemetery.

title: Alfred O. P. Nicholson


text:
Black oystercatcher

The black oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) is a conspicuous black bird found on the shoreline of western North America, ranging from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska to the coast of the Baja California peninsula.

It is the only representative of the oystercatcher family (Haematopodidae) over most of its range, overlapping slightly with the American oystercatcher (H. palliatus) on the coast of Baja California. Within its range it is most commonly referred to as the black oystercatcher, although this name is also used locally for the blackish oystercatcher and the African oystercatcher. Its scientific name was derived by John James Audubon from that of his friend John Bachman.

Although the species is not considered threatened, its global population is estimated between 8,900–11,000. It is a species of high conservation concern throughout its range (U.S., Canadian, Alaskan, and Northern & Southern Pacific Shorebird Conservation Plans), a keystone indicator species along the north Pacific shoreline, a management indicator species in the Chugach National Forest, and a U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service focal species for priority conservation action.

Description
The black oystercatcher is a large shorebird, with a black head, neck and breast and dark brown body, a long (9 cm) bright red/orange bill and pink legs. It has a bright yellow iris and a red eye-ring. Its plumage varies slightly from north to south, being darker further north.

Behavior
The bird is restricted in its range, never straying far from shores, in particular favoring rocky shorelines. It has been suggested that it is seen mostly on coastal stretches which have some quieter embayments, such as jetty protected areas. It forages in the intertidal zone, feeding on marine invertebrates, particularly molluscs such as mussels, limpets and chitons, but also on crabs, isopods and barnacles. It forages through the intertidal area, searching for food visually, often so close to the water's edge it has to fly up to avoid crashing surf. It uses its strong bill to dislodge food and pry shells open. At high tides, it is normally inactive and can be seen resting and awaiting tidal reversal.

Since black oystercatchers are territorial, especially during the nesting season, they can readily be detected by their loud vocalizations while flying, actively defending a foraging and nesting area in one territory. Some pairs have been recorded staying together for many years. Nests are small bowls or depressions close to the shore into which small pebbles and shell fragments are tossed with a sideward or backward flick of the bill.

Around two to three eggs are laid in this nest; they are very hard, and can even survive being submerged by a high tide or very high water levels. Incubation takes around 26–28 days. The chicks are capable of leaving the nest after one day, but stay in the territory for a long time after fledging (apx. 40 days). Fledged juveniles stay in the territory until the next breeding season. If the parents migrate, that year's chicks may migrate with them, most commonly in the north of the range.

title: Black oystercatcher


text:
Rudy York

Preston Rudolph York (August 17, 1913 – February 5, 1970) was an American professional baseball player, coach, scout, and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher and a first baseman between and, most notably as a member of the Detroit Tigers.

A seven-time All-Star, York broke Babe Ruth's record by hitting 18 home runs in a single month – a feat he accomplished as a rookie in 1937. In 1943, he led the American League with 34 home runs, 118 RBIs, a .527 slugging percentage, and 301 total bases. He was the starting first baseman and leading slugger for the Detroit team that won the 1945 World Series. Between 1937 and 1947, York led the major leagues in home runs (277), RBIs (1,143), and total bases (2,838).

He also played for the Boston Red Sox, Chicago White Sox and the Philadelphia Athletics. After his playing career, he worked from 1951 to 1964 as a professional baseball manager, coach, and scout. He was the batting coach for the Boston Red Sox for four years from 1959 to 1962, including one game in July 1959 in which he acted as the team's interim manager. He was posthumously inducted into the Michigan, Georgia, and Alabama Sports Halls of Fame.

Early years
York was born in 1913 in Ragland, Alabama, but the family moved to Georgia when York was a young boy. York's father, Arthur, had only sporadic contact with the family. His mother, Beulah (Locklear) York, worked in Georgia's textile mills and raised York and his four siblings. His maternal great-grandmother Elizabeth Jane Barrett (Meadows) was a full-blooded Cherokee.

In the late 1920s, York's mother moved the family to a mill town operated by the American Textile Company (ATCO) on the outskirts of Cartersville, Georgia. York joined his mother working at the mill and became the star player on the ATCO baseball team from 1930 to 1933.

Minor leagues (1933–1936)
York began playing professional baseball at age 19. During the 1933 season, he played three games with the Knoxville Smokies of the Southern Association, 12 games with the Shreveport Sports of the Dixie League, and 15 games with the Beaumont Exporters of the Texas League.

York continued to work his way through the minor leagues in 1934, playing for Beaumont and the Fort Worth Cats of the Texas League. He was briefly called up to the Detroit Tigers late in the season, appearing in three games in which he had one hit in six at bats.

In 1935, York played 148 games at first base for Beaumont, compiled a .301 batting average, led the league with 29 home runs and 114 RBIs and was selected as the Most Valuable Player in the Texas League. Despite his solid performance in the Texas League, there was no room for him in Detroit as Hank Greenberg played 152 complete games at first base and led the American League with 36 home runs and 168 RBIs.

Greenberg missed most of the 1936 season with a broken wrist, but the Tigers traded for Jack Burns rather than calling up York. While Burns hit .283 with four home runs in Detroit, York played first base for the Milwaukee Brewers of the American Association. He appeared in 157 games, hit .334 with 37 home runs, and was selected as the Most Valuable Player in the American Association.

Detroit Tigers (1937–1945)
York finally spent a full season with the Tigers in 1937. With Greenberg recovered from his injury, York had to look to other positions for playing time. He appeared in 104 games, beginning at third base for 41 games and then moving to catcher for 54 games. He compiled a .307 batting average and a .651 slugging percentage with 35 home runs and 101 RBIs in just 375 at bats. His ratio of 10.7 at bats per home run led the American League, and his .651 slugging percentage ranked third. He hit 18 home runs and collected 35 RBIs in the month of August, breaking the major league records previously held by Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig. Defensively, York was not as strong; his 12 passed balls led the league, and his nine errors in just 54 games at catcher ranked third in the league.

In 1938, York returned as the Tigers' catcher for 116 games and also played 14 games in left field. He hit .298, was selected for the All-Star team, and ranked among the American League leaders with 33 home runs (third), 128 RBIs (third), and a .579 slugging percentage (fifth). Defensively, he again led the league with 10 passed balls, but also ranked among the league's leading catchers with 70 assists (second) and 10 double plays (third).

During the 1939 season, York shared catching duties with Birdie Tebbetts and started only 78 games – 67 at catcher and 11 at first base. Despite having only 376 at bats, he performed well at the plate with a .307 batting average, .544 slugging percentage, 20 home runs, and 68 RBIs.

Realizing that York was not best suited to the catcher position, and seeking to get his bat into the lineup on a full-time basis, the Tigers in 1940 shifted slugger Hank Greenberg from first base to left field, allowing York to return to his natural position at first base. The move proved successful as Greenberg and York each played 154 games and ranked highly among the league's batters in several key batting statistics: first and second in RBIs (150 and 134); first and second in total bases (384 and 343); first and second in doubles (50 and 46); and first and third in home runs (41 and 33). The power duo of Greenberg and York helped propel the Tigers to the American League pennant with a 90–64 record. In the 1940 World Series, the Tigers lost to the Cincinnati Reds as York batted .231 (6-for-26) with one home run and two RBIs. (On August 24, in the first game of a doubleheader in Boston, York received an unwanted distinction when his future teammate, slugger Ted Williams, was called in to pitch in a 12-1 Tigers rout. Williams struck out York looking, making York the only man Ted ever whiffed in a big-league game.)

The Tigers lost Greenberg to military service for the 1941 season, leaving York as the team's principal offensive weapon. Starting 155 games at first base for the second consecutive year, York received his second selection to the All-Star game. His batting average declined to .259, but he continued to hit for power with 27 home runs (including a three-home-run game on September 1st at Detroit) and 111 RBIs.

In 1942, York held out during spring training when the Tigers asked him to take a salary cut. In mid-March, he finally signed a contract providing a salary of approximately $9,000 with a $5,000 bonus if he collected 100 RBIs. He ended up hitting .260 with 21 home runs and 90 RBIs. In the 1942 All-Star Game, he hit a two-run home run in the first inning to propel the American League to a 3–1 victory over the National League.

York slumped badly at the plate for the first half of the 1943 season, drawing boos from the fans. Detroit sport writer H. G. Salsinger wrote at the time:"'York got away to a bad start and soon found himself in a severe slump. He went from bad to worse . . . His fielding became as bad as his batting and he appeared to be on the verge of a nervous breakdown . . . The crowds at Briggs Stadium were 'riding' Rudy. Few players in history have ever been 'ridden' harder. They booed him from the time his name was announced in the starting lineup until the last man was out. They booed him every time he came to bat, every time he went after a batted ball, every time he took a throw. The razzing didn't start this year. The fans were ‘aboard’ York last season. He took an unmerciful booing all through 1942, and the booing increased with the start of the present season.'" York rebounded in the second half of the 1943 season, hitting 17 home runs in August, and ended up leading the American League with 34 home runs, 118 RBIs, a .527 slugging percentage, 67 extra-base hits, and 301 total bases. He was selected to his fifth All-Star team and finished third in the voting for the American League Most Valuable Player award.

In 1944, York was selected to the All-Star team for the sixth year, and York ranked among the American League leaders with 18 home runs (third), 98 RBIs (fifth), and 256 total bases (eighth). He also ranked among the league leaders in several defensive categories, both positive and negative, with 17 errors at first base (first), 163 double plays turned at first base (first), 1,453 putouts at all positions (second), and a 10.45 range factor per nine innings at first base.

In 1945, he started 155 games at first base for the Tigers team that won the American League pennant and defeated the Chicago Cubs in the 1945 World Series. During the 1945 season, he ranked among the league leaders with 23 double plays grounded into (first), 18 home runs (second), 85 strikeouts (second), 87 RBIs (fourth), 246 total bases (fourth), and 48 extra-base hits (fifth). Defensively, he led all position players with a career-high 1,464 putouts. He also led the league's first basemen with 19 errors. In the 1945 World Series, he had five hits and three RBIs in 28 at bats.

On January 3, 1946, with the Tigers' planning to return Hank Greenberg to first base, the Tigers traded York to the Boston Red Sox for infielder Eddie Lake.

Boston Red Sox (1946–47)
In 1946, York started 154 games at first base for Boston and finished among the American League leaders with 1,326 putouts (first), 116 assists at first base (first), 154 double plays turned at first base (first), and 119 RBIs (third). He hit two grand slams in a game against the St. Louis Browns on July 27, 1947, as part of a 10 RBI day. The combination of York, Ted Williams, and Bobby Doerr helped lead Boston to the American League pennant. In the 1946 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, he hit a 10th-inning game-winning home run in Game 1 and another three-run, game-winning home run in the Game 3. Ultimately, St. Louis took the series four games to three.

In 1947, York started 48 games at first base for the Red Sox. On April 26, York escaped an early-morning fire in his Boston hotel suite caused when he fell asleep with a cigarette in his hand and liquor bottles strewn around. His batting average dipped to .212 with six home runs and 27 RBIs. By early June, York's poor hitting and inconsistent effort prompted The Boston Globe to publish an article titled, "What to Do About Big Rudy York?" On June 14, 1947, the Red Sox traded York to the Chicago White Sox in exchange for Jake Jones.

Chicago and Philadelphia (1947–48)
After the trade from Boston, York started 102 games at first base for the White Sox and compiled a .243 batting average with 15 home runs and 64 RBIs. On August 23, 1947, a fire broke out in York's Chicago hotel room, reportedly caused by a cigar that York left lit. York was unconditionally released by the White Sox in January 1948.

On February 12, 1948, two weeks after being released by the White Sox, York signed with the Philadelphia Athletics. He played in just 31 games, batting just .157. He appeared in his last major league game on September 20, 1948.

Return to the minors (1949)
After his major league baseball career ended, York continued to play when and where he could. It is believed that his playing career finally ended in 1952 when he batted .258 with two home runs for Benson-DeGraff in Minnesota's Class AA amateur Western Minny league.

Career statistics
In 13 major league seasons, York compiled a .275 batting average with 1,621 hits in 5,891 at-bats, a .483 slugging percentage, 291 doubles, 52 triples, 792 walks, 277 home runs, and 1,149 RBIs in 1,603 games. In three World Series he hit .221 (17-for-77) with three home runs and 10 RBIs. He was selected for the All-Star Game seven times. York's 239 home runs as a Tiger ranked second in franchise history until the 1960s and still ranks eighth all time. In each of the time he was in the top ten for walks (1938, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1946), he also ranked in the top five for strikeouts; in total, he also went in the top five for strikeouts three further times (1942, 1945, 1947) in strikeouts to make nine times.

With $1/8$ Cherokee ancestry and less-than-perfect fielding abilities, York prompted one sportswriter to declare: "He is part Indian and part first baseman". However, his defensive weakness may have been exaggerated. While he did lead the American League in errors by a first baseman in 1941, 1944, and 1945, he also led the league's first basemen in fielding percentage in 1947, in assists in 1942, 1943, and 1946, in putouts in 1946 and 1947, and in double plays turned in 1944 and 1946. And his range factor per game ranked among the top five in the league in 1940, 1941, 1942, 1944, 1945, 1946, and 1947.

Manager, coach and scout
York was a player-manager for the Youngstown/Oil City Athletics during the 1951 season. He hit 34 home runs and had 107 RBIs, but his record as manager was 19–64. He played for a semi-pro baseball team in 1952 and then obtained work outside baseball with the Georgia Forestry Commission in 1953. He returned to baseball as a scout for the New York Yankees in 1956. In June 1957, he was named by the Cleveland Indians as the manager of their North Platte team in the Nebraska State League.

In January 1958, York returned to the Boston Red Sox for a six-year association. He was first hired as a coach for the Memphis Chicks, the Bosox' Double-A affiliate. In 1959, he was promoted to the MLB Red Sox as the team's batting coach. On July 3, 1959, he served as Boston's acting manager for one game during the interim period between Pinky Higgins' firing and the hiring of Washington Senators coach Billy Jurges as Higgins' permanent successor. In York's one game as manager, the Red Sox lost to the Baltimore Orioles, 6–1.

In 1963, with the hiring of Johnny Pesky as Boston's manager, York lost his job as the team's batting coach. However, Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey decided not to let York go and assigned him to the coaching staff of the Reading Red Sox for the 1963 season.

In 1964, York concluded his managing career as the manager of the Statesville Colts, a joint affiliate of the Red Sox and the Houston Colt 45s in the Western Carolinas League. Hired by former Tiger teammate Paul Richards, he then was listed as a scout for the Houston franchise, renamed the Astros, in 1965.

Family, later years, and tributes
York married Violet Dupree (1913–1988) in 1931. They had three children: Mary Jane (York) Pruitt (born 1932); the Rev. Joe Wilburn York (born 1936); and Blanche (York) Hines (born 1940).

After retiring from baseball, York worked as a self-employed house painter in Cartersville, Georgia. He developed lung cancer and underwent surgery and radiation therapy in November 1969. He died in February 1970 at Floyd County Hospital in Rome, Georgia, at age 56. The cause of death was reported to be bacterial pneumonia. York was buried at Sunset Memory Gardens in Cartersville.

In 1972, the former Atco Field in Cartersville was renamed Rudy York Field. At the dedication ceremony, Gov. Lester Maddox unveiled a five-foot high marble monument and a bronze plaque honoring York.

York was posthumously inducted in the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame in 1972. His widow and three children all attended the induction ceremony in Detroit. York was also inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1977, and the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1979.

title: Rudy York


text: Category:New Jersey state senators

title: Category:New Jersey state senators


text:
Stephen Friedman (economist)

Stephen Friedman (born December 21, 1937 ) is an American economist. He is a former chairman of the US President's Intelligence Advisory Board and former chair of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He was nominated on October 27, 2005, to replace Brent Scowcroft in the position.

Early life and education
Friedman was born in New York City, to a Jewish family. He received his BA from Cornell University in 1959 and his law degree from Columbia University Law School in 1962. At Cornell he was a wrestler and a member of the Quill and Dagger society. At Columbia he was on the Law Review.

Career
In 1966 Friedman joined Goldman Sachs and became a partner in 1973. From 1987 until November 1990 he was the co-chief operating officer and either co-chairman or chairman between 1990 and 1994. Friedman re-joined the board of Goldman in April 2005, and stepped down from serving on the board on May 22, 2013.

In 1998 Friedman joined Stone Point Capital LLC. He also served as Senior Advisor at Crestview Partners, LP and a Special Limited Partner and Member of the Executive Advisory Board of Insight Partners.

From 1998 to 2002, he served as a senior principal of Marsh & McLennan Capital Corp. In March 1999 President Clinton announced his intention to appoint Friedman and Crescencio S. Arcos to serve as Members of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board.

From December 2002 to December 2004 Friedman was United States Assistant to President George W. Bush for Economic Policy as well as the director of the National Economic Council. On October 27, 2005 Friedman was asked to replace Brent Scowcroft as the Chairman of the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.

Chairman of New York Federal Reserve Bank
Friedman was the Chairman of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, a body which implements the Wall Street policies of the Federal Reserve, during a period of immense financial market upheaval, from January 2008 until May 7, 2009. When Goldman Sachs was converted to a bank holding company in September 2008 the bank then came under the regulatory authority of the New York Fed, which made Friedman’s position as a member of Goldman Sachs’ board a violation of Federal Reserve policy. At the time of the conversion Friedman requested a waiver from this violation, which was granted about 10 weeks later.

On May 7, 2009, Friedman resigned as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In his letter of resignation Friedman explains why: ‘Last Fall, after Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. became a bank holding company, I agreed to remain on the Board, pursuant to the waiver authority of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, to provide continuity during a time of financial market instability. Today, although I have been in compliance with the rules, my public service motivated continuation on the Reserve Bank Board is being mis-characterized as improper. The Federal Reserve System has important work to do and does not need this distraction.’

Friedman was criticized for seemingly benefiting from his role as Chair of the New York Fed branch due to the federal government's aid to Goldman Sachs in recent months. He had "remain[ed] on the board of Goldman even as he was supposedly regulating [Goldman]; in order to rectify the problem, he applied for, and got, a conflict of interest waiver from the government. Friedman was also supposed to divest himself of his Goldman stock after Goldman became a bankholding company, but thanks to the waiver, he was allowed to go out and buy 52,000 additional shares in his old bank, leaving him $3 million richer," as one report put it. Friedman's resignation announcement came within an hour of the government's release of the 2009 stress tests for 19 U.S. financial institutions.

Public service
Friedman is involved in several public service activities, including Chairman Emeritus of the Board of Columbia University, Chairman Emeritus of the Executive Committee of the Brookings Institution, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is also a benefactor of his alma mater Cornell University, particularly its wrestling program as the college's wrestling building is known as the Friedman Center.

Personal life
Stephen Friedman is married to Barbara Benioff, chairwoman of the board of governors of Hebrew Union College. The couple live on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, and have three children: two daughters, Susan and Caroline, and a son, David Benioff. Benioff, who goes by his mother's maiden name, is a writer, screenwriter and adaptor of Game of Thrones. David is married to actress Amanda Peet.

title: Stephen Friedman (economist)


text:
Talk:Black oystercatcher

Untitled
Given that this is an American bird, I tried to use American usage English. Feel free to correct whatever spellings I missed. Oh, and how does the image thing work in the taxoboxes? sunbird 05:56, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * the bits before and after the –  hide the intermediate bits - useful for editor comments that don't show on the displayed page, or to hide this line until there is an image available. jimfbleak 07:22, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Conservation status and population size
The article contains this sentence: "Although the species is not considered threatened, its global population size is estimated between 8,900–11,000 individuals." I feel like this is missing some information. What is the significance of the population size? Is this an unusually large or small population? Is the number related to the non-threatened status of the species? Why was the word "although" used? The rest of the paragraph is also a little unclear to me, as someone generally unfamiliar with the subject. What does it mean for the species to be of "high conservation concern"? Does the species play some important role that makes its conservation particularly important? Contextual information like this would greatly clarify that portion of the article. 76.199.198.138 (talk) 03:49, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Grey Plover which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 09:45, 4 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Black oystercatcher


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Staples Snowbot

Staples Snowbot
Staples Snowbot was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was merge with Staples Inc. and redirect.

Although well-written, this subject (a tv ad character 2000/2001) is not encyclopedic and has no potential to become so. - Amgine 05:57, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Is Twoallbeefpattiesspecialsaucelettucecheesepicklesonionsonasesameseedbun encyclopedic? Is I'm lovin' it encyclopedic? Brianjd 06:20, 2004 Dec 1 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Staples, Inc. (not Staples, which is a disambiguation page). That article is a stub. Brianjd 08:10, 2004 Dec 2 (UTC)
 * Merge to Staples
 * Above comment left unsigned at 01:06, 1 Dec 2004 by Jmabel.
 * Merge and redirect to Staples, Inc.. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 09:47, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I can't see a reason not to. R ADICAL B ENDER  ★  15:16, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect: The difference between the McHorrors and Burger King mess and this is that this did not, at least to my knowledge, achieve cultural resonance as a separate item from Staples. I personally think that "I'm lovin' it" hasn't, either, and shouldn't be a separate article (in fact, I think it's a failed campaign), but that's irrelevant to this discussion. Geogre 15:30, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Marginal keep. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 21:40, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It is different than the other examples because 1) they achieved cultural relevance beyond the product they were marketing and 2) they survived as marketing campaigns for a significant period of time.  This was a single-season gimmick no different from thousands of others.  If not deleted, merge and redirect.  Rossami (talk) 21:59, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Agree that this just isn't significant. Might as well have an article for the Lonely abandoned IKEA lamp -Rjo 00:28, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: And Sad abandoned IKEA cow creamer, though both ads should be mentioned in Spike Jonze, as this could (I guess) be mentioned in Staples. Geogre 01:34, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. --Viriditas 08:01, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect. P Ingerson 03:00, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advertising mascots must, in my opinion, reach a high level of notability, and this particular mascot does not. Indrian 04:30, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and Redirect. not weeping Pedant 00:28, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.