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Wikipedia talk:Semantic Wikipedia

Untitled
See: http://semantic-mediawiki.org

Original post in the village pump
I've been thinking about this proposal for some time, but being a proposal, it of course requires comment and refining.

I've been thinking on how to make Wikipedia better, and while reading about Tim Berners-Lee's Semantic Web, it came to me. We need a Semantic Wikipedia. Perhaps I'm using the wrong term, but I like it. :)

The problem with Wikipedia right now is no sense of context. Everything related to something has to be manually added. For example, when we say that someone was born in 1932, that doesn't really mean anything. It doesn't alter the "people born in 1932" pages, it doesn't alter 1932, and it's nothing more than text. Likewise with saying they were born in Lubbock, Texas, or that they were an architect. Furthermore, saying that an object is in Edinburgh doesn't matter much until we tell Edinburgh that.

We need to automate and integrate these issues.

The idea I had was a mix of a template and meta data. For editing, it would take the appearance of a template, but the template would not be required. For example, a "biography" template would include birthday, deathday, primary occupation, secondary occupation, birthplace, deathplace, primary residence, etc. A planetary template would be appropriately different, as would an elemental one, and some things wouldn't use such templates at all, though they could still use meta data.

A major use of this would be for synopses. For example, "Why this person is famous" in one line. This would allow for quick browsing of entries without having to load the entire entry, and it would be automated based on the entry itself, rather than a manually maintained list. So a list of people born in 1932 could also list the synopsis as to why they're famous. This would also ease the process of picking notable anniversaries.

Some of this is managed by categories, but not nearly enough, and I'm not a fan of the categorization system as it presently stands. However, that is for another discussion.

Does everyone know just what I'm trying to get across here? Meta data to help organize and express the information. For example, the header to George W. Bush could include:

 * Birthdate: July 6 1946
 * Notable for: 43rd President of the United States.
 * Secondary reason: Presided during September 11th Attacks and invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.
 * .. and any other possible metadata that could be used.

So, when looking at a list of people born on 7/6/46, it would say him, along with the reasons he's notable. This could allow for a quick list of automatically generated synopses.

A secondary advantage of using a template in this fashion would be to remove Categories and Interwikies from the main article space, making it easier to edit and comprehend. They would still be there, but exist as meta data, not in the main text area. Footer and header tables could be maintained the same way, removing them from the concern of the main text.

I've been pondering this for a while and finally put it in writing, so sorry if it rambles a bit. It focuses on biographies, but it could be useful for many things. A city template could include its coordinates, state and country, etc, allowing for people to get a quick list of townships in Ontario, for example, without having to rely on a manually maintained list. I guess what this is all about is automating many functions that should be automated.

Any comments? --Golbez 04:25, Nov 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * This issue is handled to some degree by the existence of categories. When a cat tag is added to an article, the category is automatically updated - no need for "manually updated lists".  So adding Category:1946 births to George W. Bush puts him on that page.  Unfortunately, cats aren't always the most reader-friendly - they are just lists with a little header, and they are slightly out-of-the-way at the bottom of Monobook.  I think you have a good suggestion with creating synopses based on these categories - maybe somthing along the lines of a WikiReader, but tied directly to categories.  The only problem is that this would require the creation of metadata for every article - all  of them.  Some stub articles you couldn't even make metadata from.  So while I think this is a good idea, it might not be currently feasible, without a huge project to create vast wodges of metadata.  Some pages already have semi-metadata - anything that was formatted by WikiProject Elements, for instance, like Hydrogen, has an infobox.  But this is the minority of pages.  --Whosyourjudas (talk) 03:58, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Categories are inadequate, though, and contain no context. They don't say who the person was, or why that item is included in that category. And categories themselves are manually updated lists. Yes, all of them, because this is a work in progress, and always will be. Just because there are already so many articles doesn't mean the process can't be refined. Elements has a good idea, but that's just a couple hundred articles - There are many, many more biographies.

 * I guess my point here is, few articles have any context beyond their borders. We need to connect them. --Golbez 04:25, Nov 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * I think it's a great idea and have had similar thoughts myself (for instance some standard format for someones birth and death dates that can be automatically recognised replacing Categories YYYY Births and YYYY Deaths which do their job but are 'clumsy'). However like the semantic web itself I think it will probably be another 5 years before the underlying standards evolve and 'bed-down' before the MediaWiki software (or successor of) can incorporate them to level discussed above. CheekyMonkey 14:57, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Then there's no harm in starting work on such now. :) --Golbez 23:19, Nov 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * I am very much interested in the Semantic Web, and I have also been thinking about how Wikipedia can be made more "machine readable". The problem is that people are not that used to working directly with metadata, and doing so is not very wiki-friendly, at least if one goes back to the original thoughts behind wikis (granted, Wikipedia has already side-stepped a lot of the original guidelines where it made sense, and for good measure). We would have to make it as easy to edit and expand the metadata as it is to edit the article right now...I think it is a difficult problem to solve (look at how oblivious most people are to the metadata information stored in Microsoft Word documents. Most of the time they're not even aware it's there).

 * As an aside, I think it is interesting how wikis and Wikipedia have already brought one of Tim Berners-Lee's original thoughts with the World Wide Web to life; that everyone would become a publisher. The easy editing of the Web was not implemented in the ground-breaking web browsers, and was long forgotten, but wikis bring that back. Wouldn't it be great if Wikipedia could be on the forefront of yet another web revolution; the Semantic Web? — David Remahl 23:27, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the comments, and yeah, it was the articles on him and the Semantic Web that started this churning in my mind. My idea was, there would be templates (like "put date of birth here") but those wouldn't be required; the metadata would be stored with the article text just like categories and interwikis are, causing them to show up in a diff. A side benefit of this would be to also add a separate template text entry section of interwikis and categories, thus perhaps enforcing format rules as to where they belong in the article text. I wonder if Tim Berners-Lee is familiar with Wikipedia? Surely he's heard of it, but how familiar is he? --Golbez 10:30, Nov 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * He certainly has heard of it, he even described Wikipedia as "The Font of All Knowledge" in a speech to the MIT Emerging Technologies Conference (penultimate paragraph). CheekyMonkey 14:05, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I like the idea. It is essentially normallizing part of the data (in database terms).  It would allow one to use that data programmaticaly. Morris 03:26, Nov 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Right. It would convert the information from pure text into meta data that can be used to ease organization, searching, browsing, and integration of data between articles. --Golbez 18:39, Nov 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree such a system is needed. I thought about it also, for country data, because statistics like population or GDP change quickly, so there should be some nice way to update all articles about countries with new data. Samohyl Jan 12:32, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Take a look at Web Ontology Language. There was a long discussion without conclusion, now archived at Wikipedia_talk:Categorization/Archive_3, just after categories were introduced. See the "Describing the relations" and "Ontologies and OWL" sections for my thoughts. -- Avaragado 19:05, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I also already thought about this and think it would be necessairy. If some initiative is started I would like to contribute (in matter of conception and coding) - so please keep me informed :). -- Chrisgraf 16:04, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

On Data and tables
I agree with your end, Golbez, but not with your means. Yes, it is important to able a machine access wikipedia data so it's legacy will go further than a website. But never in prejudice to users.

Is not easy to write wikipedia, but as Don Norman would put it, it's complexity lies in the task, not in the tool. We're trying to write the biggest book ever after all. So I believe than automating some tasks would certainly have big trade-offs. The first rule of Usability guide for future improvements (wich I just wrote up) is Never mix human readable with computer readable, not if it makes it more dificult to humans.

Let's suppose there was a automatic tag summary. Writting {summary:history of haiti} or {intro:history of haiti} would dysplay respectively the first paragraph or the first line of history of haiti.

Imagine how nice! This way you could put a small summary of haiti in many other articles, one that would be automatically updated. Imagine the ease on wich editing one article would in fact change a lot of others. And then you just needed to put many summary togethers and you would have a ready made history of the caribean, history of latin america, history of the XX century and so on. Wouldn't it be great?

In fact no. An article on history of a region is way more than the sum of it's parts. A good summary of an article is not the same of a summary that should fit in other articles like days. They may be good starting points, and many good articles have started from copy pasting parts from others - and the editing them together. The end result would be articles harder to read and harder to edit.

Keep wikipedia on an human scale, do not artificially inflate it. It has been working.

 * I don't think this is quite what I was proposing. I wasn't saying that entire articles should be cobbled together by machine from other articles; my first priority was dealing with things like lists. Who was born in a certain year, and why they're on Wikipedia. That could be done automatically, rather than having robots or people trying to handle it. Likewise, a list could be quickly generated of all landmarks in a certain US state. This is not meant to be a replacement for actual articles. --Golbez 22:18, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

But there is something to be said about semantics. Computers are able to read facts, not understand articles. Semantics are not in the body of text, but in those tables at the right.

In fact those tables themself present problems. Each user creates them differently, some use html ( a totally unreadable code ) table others use wiki tables (|--- a clever code, but gets complicated when you want to add colors or control size) some even use. The result is a table that is hard to edit, hard to personalize and mainly something that our user number one sees as plain noise.

So, I propose a different approach, the article should keep not a table, but just the info. I'll explain by example. In the Kyoto article, instead of a table there should be a tag like that:

This would act as two things, first as a template, just as if the user was using the Template:city, by putting a tag. Secondly would act as a variable setter, creating variables called “Population” or “Map” and assigning them the values. Maybe we should not even use the name Variable, as this is a programming jargon and, as I said before we do not want to seem that wikipedia is for programmers. Notice that I’m not saying something as

Var: CityName.local= “Shacbiss”

But a simple syntax, in which the word between the line break and the : sign is the variable name and everything after the : and before the next line break is the value.

Thus, any occurrence in the document of something as  $Name  or  $Population  would be substituted for the corresponding value. This way if in the aforementioned example, the city template was a table, with the corresponding information on variables, not only it would be easier to give information about a given city, but it would also be easier to change the layout of the table in all of them. Of course, in the example above, one could use a general template but a more specific  or even a , in a nice wikipedian style.

So it would be better for humans AND a computer could read all this data. To use it to draw a world map, design a game, or make some statistics...

Feedback please?--Alexandre Van de Sande 14:08, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I've just skimmed this so I can't supply an in-depth reply, but yes, "automating" the header and footer tables were part of my idea. That is, they would be semantic, they would mean more than they currently do. Their information would be transmitted back to other articles as needed, and there would be a specific (but by no means forced) format for each. The city table, and the information contained within it, is one example. A biography table would be another.
 * Furthermore, I want a way to tell what an article is about. IS it about a city? IS it a biography? Right now, there is no such mechanism. --Golbez 22:18, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

Just to add another voice to the chorus, I'd love to see the ability to add semantic tags to wikipedia; I think they'd take off a lot more than people here are thinking. As for applications, I dream of projects like CYC being able to make use of our massive editor base. -- Rei 23:49, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Integration with Semantic MediaWiki: when?
I've been reading in the last few days a couple of papers about "Semantic WikpediA" and "Semantic WikiMedia", they are dated 2006. Any chance the proposed extensions will be integrated in WikipediA any time soon?

I'm not claiming it's easy (of course is not!), I'm only a bit disappointed about not finding any roadmap for this integration here, in this discussion page. Perhaps I'm missing some useful link to the roadmap?

Zacchiro 16:01, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm also curious about the roadmap towards a semantic Wikiepdia. --GrandiJoos 17:46, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Same here. I am not in the know about the cutting edge of wikipedia, but after doing some research, apart from the fact the semantic extention is in constant development, there doesn't seem to be any plans to adopt it. I want it in asap. Chendy (talk) 09:46, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I think we need to send a request out to the semantic developers for a roadmap, and ensure the issue is discussed at the summit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.92.232.96 (talk) 21:31, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Why to integrate?
The big disadvatage of the Semnatic Web movement is that people dont't know WHY or WHAT FOR? Sometimes they answer "to enable computer understand, think, infer, decide". WHY? It is human who has to understand.

Of course there are some reasonable applications of Semantic Web technology for popular use, like price comparison etc. But Wikipedia is not for such tasks.

Besides, Wiki has the mechanism of backlinks, useful for categorisation. Are U sure that it is not enough?

andrzejgo - 0:15, 21 July 2007

 * With semantic knowledge you can ask Wikipedia questions like "Give me all American Nobel Prize laureates born after 1950" or "List all German cities with summer temperature higher than 26 C", which are laborious to answer now. I think these are pretty exciting possibilities and probably we haven't thought of the most interesting applications yet. -- þħɥʂıɕıʄʈʝɘɖı 20:04, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Developing this "essay"
I am intending on developing the content, I my additions are to everybodies liking, if not please discuss with me :) Chendy (talk) 09:32, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

Proposal: Wikilink Everything
Here is my humble proposal to get Wikipedia a bit more semantic: If an article mentions Japan several times, then Japan should be wikilinked each time. Right now, the policy is to only wikilink the first occurrence of Japan. I feel this selection should be done by the Wikimedia software when rendering the page. Having more wikilinks would aim towards the main goal of wikilinks: Make the sense behind a word explicit with a reference to the meant concept. What do you think about this idea ? Thanks for your feedback! Nicolas1981 (talk) 11:39, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Note: In case it is not clear, please check "signifiant" and "signifié" in the Course in General Linguistics. Nicolas1981 (talk) 11:44, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
 * You can't accurately link every word without major work getting the right meaning of those words. Also linking everything risks drowning out the actually meaningful stuff. With all the piping involved in getting the right meaning of words like faggot and bonnet there will be a dramatic increase in the complexity of the code for editors, and this is a major barrier to recruiting new editors. So linking everything has three disadvantages:
 * A lot of editor time is needed.
 * Fewer editors will be available to do this.
 * Large amounts of information with little meaning could drown out the existing semantic wiki functionality such as the death anomalies project.  Ϣere Spiel  Chequers  13:08, 12 January 2011 (UTC)

Let's get started!
I started creating the first few "articles" of what could become a Semantic Wikipedia here. Semantic grammar is a language like others, so this Semantic Wikipedia is meant to be an encyclopedia by itself, just like the Swahili or Northern Sami Wikipedias. What do you think about the embryo I created ? Cheers Nicolas1981 (talk) 11:04, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

Silently encoding semantic wikilinks
I started this discussion on the village pump that may be of interest here... Cheers, AndrewGNF (talk) 00:10, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

Why not utilize template parameter values and cross-link table values more than today?
Why is it not possible to search and cross link the template parameter values and table content more than we do today?

Examples:
 * Searching template parameter values: I want to search for all articles that contains a certain template (e.g. Infobox City) and a certain parameter value value (e.g. established_date between year X and Y). I may want to sort the search result based on a parameter (e.g. population_size). Since several templates are similar (like Infobox City Spain, Infobox Settlement, etc), I may want to be able to state a set of alternative templates, or a category of templates, or a "super class" templates that other templates have "inherited" parameters from. The search language should handle boolean expressions.
 * Cross linking: E.g. I may want the population size of a city to be mentioned in the floating text and in infoboxes for the city article as well as the corresponding municipality article and country article. But I only want to enter it at one place. Or I may change the value at either of these places.
 * Compilation of template parameter values from many articles: I may want to compile a table or list of all articles that use a certain template. Each article (e.g. each city) should be a row, and each column a parameter value. The table may be sorted and filtered based on certain parameters. This table should be included in an article about the county, and should be automatically updated whenever someone changes a template parameter value in one of the city articles. For example by a robot that subscribes on all articles that uses the template.
 * Linking from one table to infoboxes in several articles: I may want to enter the population size of all the cities in a country only in one table, one row per city, and then use that value in the infoboxes in each city article.
 * Double linking and WYSIWYG editing of infobox fields: It should be easy to edit a parameter value directly within the articles where it is used, for example in a specific value in an infobox or a cell in a table, without editing the template call code or table code. If the value is cross-linked and embedded/transcluded from another article, it should be possible to change its value immediately without looking up the source article. For example, you may double click or right-click on a specific parameter value in a infoxbox or a table cell, or a bookmarked or embedded/transcluded portion of the the text. Then you should be able edit it, or find its source article, or find out what other articles that are using the value and will be affected by a change. A preview of what affects a change would have on other articles would be difficult to achieve but is interesting. It would probably require saving a preview version on the server.

Is there a reason why no robots and extensions for this are developed? Why adding semantic classification markup? What practical use would that give besides the above, and besides today's article categories? These suggestions would require some kind of addressing mechanism for specific parameters, table cells or portions of the text. These are some suggestions:
 * Embedding bookmarked portions of the text: One simple solution would be a template called My text and another that makes it possible for article a to embedding, transcluding or double linking bookmarked text from another article. How should the articlename+bookmarkname URI look like? Would this be possible without extensions?
 * Addressing parameter values: We need a URI for addressing the value of the parameter named X, used in the first article call of template Y in article Z. Any suggestions for the address syntax?
 * Addressing table cell values: It should be possible to address a specific value in a table, by the row and column header names, table name (if one is assigned) or table number, and the column header (or column number)article name or article section name. Any suggestions for the address syntax?

These suggestions also require some Boolean search language syntax. Any suggestions?

Mange01 (talk) 19:07, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

How to make a Semantic Wikipedia

 * 1) Register a domain name such as semantic-wikipedia.org
 * 2) Install MediaWiki with the Semantic MediaWiki plugin
 * 3) Download a data dump of Wikipedia and install to the wiki
 * 4) Make or use revision control software similar to GIT or SVN to each day merge changes from Wikipedia, but still keep the local changes where semantic annoations have been added.
 * 5) Tell people about the wiki on Semantic Web mailing lists etc.
 * 6) Publish a dump of RDF-triples etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.241.122.126 (talk) 14:42, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

Academia
We should go ahead and do this. The academic community is quite interested in this idea, if the number of related hits on Google Scholar is any indication. Wikipedia's usefulness to researchers would be greatly increased by SMW. Tisane (talk) 09:46, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Agree, Sadads (talk) 11:29, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The above todo-list seems to be a good start. What's the catch? Don't you think it will work?Mange01 (talk) 14:54, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

Automatic link to lead section content
There's a feature request at the village pump for an automatic link to the beginning of content in the lead, skipping article tags and top hats. It may be of interest to the semantic wikipedia. Diego (talk) 11:11, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Diego, for this link. The Wikipedia Manual of Style requires the First sentence to include the name of the topic and its concise definition, which is precisely what is needed for a glossary reference by web sites anywhere in the world wide web. The ability to link directly to that sentence is an essential first step in creating a Semantic Wikipedia. Currently no facility exists to point to that specific information. My proposal to have editors insert anchors to that first sentence has been soundly rejected by editors who fear (I think unwisely) a proliferation of such tags throughout Wikipedia, and who seem unconcerned with the potential role that Wikipedia might play in the web. Since the distinction of the "First sentence" is an internal Wikipedia concept, with no syntactic marker for software to grab (indeed that is the technical essence of the problem), I am skeptical that there is a "software solution". Nonetheless, whether the solution is in software or in policy, I would appreciate your feedback on the need for the solution.DrFree (talk) 18:17, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Semantic Wikipedia


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Peter Bowness, Baron Bowness

Peter Spencer Bowness, Baron Bowness, (born 19 May 1943) is a British politician, solicitor, and life peer. Since 1996, he has been a member of the House of Lords.

Early life
Bowness was born on 19 May 1943. He was educated at Whitgift School, an all-boys private school in South Croydon, London. He graduated from the University of Law, and began work as a solicitor in 1966.

Legal career
Bowness is a qualified solicitor and notary public. From 1970 to 2002, he was a partner at Weightman Sadler Solicitors in Purley, London Borough of Croydon. From 2002 to 2011, he was a consultant to Streeter Marshall Solicitors (the successor to the now merged Weightman Sadler Solicitors). Since then, he has not practised as a solicitor or notary public.

Councillor
Bowness became a councillor and soon rose within Conservative Party ranks, becoming Leader of Croydon Council, London's largest borough. During the 1980s, Bowness was said to have been one of Margaret Thatcher's favourite Council leaders, and took part in the abolition of the GLC. He was unusual amongst his Conservative colleagues, however, for supporting Ken Livingstone's low-cost public transport initiative, Fares Fair.

He continued as Leader until 1994 when the Labour Party won the local elections. He stepped down from the Council in 1998. He served as a member of the Committee of the Regions and the Audit Commission.

House of Lords
On 17 January 1996, Bowness was created a life peer as Baron Bowness, of Warlingham in the County of Surrey and of Croydon in the London Borough of Croydon. From December 2002 to November 2006, he was member of the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights. From December 2003 to May 2014, he served on the European Union Committee. He chaired the Foreign Policy Defence and Developmental Aid Sub-Committee of the EU Select Committee from 2003 to 2006, and chaired the Justice, Institutions and Consumer Protection Sub-Committee from 2009 to 2013.

Personal life
He is a patron of the Warehouse Theatre and was formerly a Governor of the Whitgift Foundation.

Honours
On 14 June 1981, Bowness was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant (DL) to the Lord Lieutenant of Greater London. In the 1981 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in recognition of his service as Chairman of the London Boroughs Association.

In the 1987 New Year Honours, it was announced that he was to be made a Knight Bachelor "for political and public service". On 11 February 1987, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II during a ceremony at Buckingham Palace.

In 1987, Bowness was made Freeman of the City of London. In 2002, he was made an Honorary Freeman of the London Borough of Croydon.

On 1 May 1988, Bowness was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 151 (Greater London) Transport Regiment, Royal Corps of Transport (Volunteers), Territorial Army. On 5 April 1993, he stood down from the appointment and was granted permission to retain his honorary rank.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Peter Bowness, Baron Bowness


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User talk:Mapley

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 13:59, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mapley


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Wojsko kwarciane

Wojsko kwarciane (, quarter army, Latin: quartanus or quartianus miles) was the term used for regular army units of Poland (Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth). The term was used since 1562.

Wojsko kwarciane was formed from earlier obrona potoczna units.

The term "quarter" in the name of the army (kwarta) comes from the type of the tax paid for their upkeep (kwarta tax): a quarter of income from the crown lands (królewszczyzny) was supposed to be used for that purpose. As monarchs usually leased their land to szlachta (or merchants, or Jews) for short-term benefits, they didn't have direct control over cash flow and this often resulted in corruption and delayed payment of military wages. Military commanders (hetmans) often had to pay the wages of wojsko kwarciane and hired mercenaries from their own purse. Sometimes disgruntled unpaid units formed confederations (see konfederacja) in order to lawfully collect their wages by force.

The standing numbers of wojsko kwarciane varied by peacetime and wartime. On average during peacetime the army totalled about 2500 cavalry.

It was a relatively small standing army when compared with other contemporary countries, especially considering the Commonwealth's huge area. Commonwealth armies would almost always be stretched thin to defend its territory from its aggressive neighbours of (Sweden, Russia, the Ottoman Empire and its vassals).

In 1632 new quarter or royal taxes (dupla) was created to pay for artillery units.

In 1652 wojsko kwarciane was replaced with wojsko komputowe.

title: Wojsko kwarciane


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Talk:Oscar Kiss Maerth

Comment 1
Dear people, You pretend Oscar Kiss Maerth brings no evidence of his theory. Wars, famine, pollution and wicked scientist are not a proof? The whole humankind is insane, It's obvious, can't you see it. Are you too crazy to realize this. The very existence of money is the strongest evidence of our dysfunctional brain. Selling the wealth of the garden of Eden instead of sharing it, is far from being smart, It's totally insane. Oscar Kiss Maerth sure did hit the nail on the head. G.G.B.

Judging OKM by the fact that he sold his book rather than sharing it is then apparently proof of his insanity.

If you read Oscar's book with an open mind AND an open conscience, you will , as I did , realize that his was not just theory based on Devine Revelation , but a truth revealed by open mind and conscience.CARNO.

 * I sure did like that book; the strongest argument against it is the fact that the interspersed ape/man mugshots (16 to each of 8 pages .. or thereabouts) make us of equatorial rather than northern races but in the face of monkey distribution this argument is evidence of pensive envy if you ask me. Said pages are done with the extreme skill necessary to set a few glaciated feelings aflow in even the staunchest of Biblically and corrolarily skkkripturally inclined minds. Funny enough OKM strenghtens his case by explaining 'fruit of knowledge' as male brains (pineals in fact; claiming evidence similar to the snailhouse heaps that tied folks over gigantic impact and/or volcanic tightspots. Tibetan imagery too is rallied to support his woldwide and looooonglasting cannibalism claims. http://poetpiet.googlepages.com

Be that as it may, no bibliographical citations tends to amount to no evidence. 72.228.163.128 (talk) 16:18, 4 November 2008 (UTC)TaurNuFuin

Notability
Unable to locate any reliable sources providing significant coverage, using the links above. Plenty of sources with a 1 or 2 line mention, but nothing that helps satisfy WP:BIO or WP:GNG. Unfortunately, my academic database search tool is down right now (library maintenance, who knew?) so I can't do any in-depth searching, but I don't believe he's notable... looks like a case of WP:BIO1E for the off-kilter book he wrote. Listing for PROD. --Darkwind (talk) 01:53, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Since Maerth appears to only be known for his book, possibly that this BLP should be merged in the book article. Most of this article is also about the book's claims.  — Paleo  Neonate  – 17:19, 28 March 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oscar Kiss Maerth


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Ernst Friedrich, Baron von Schlotheim

Ernst Friedrich, Freiherr von Schlotheim (2 April 1764 – 28 March 1832), German palaeontologist and politician, was born in Allmenshausen, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.

He was Privy Councillor and President of the Chamber at the court of Gotha. Becoming interested in geology he gathered a very extensive collection of fossils. In 1804 he published descriptions and illustrations of remarkable remains of (Carboniferous) plants, Ein Beitrag zur Flora der Vorwelt.

His more important work was entitled Die Petrefactenkunde (1820). In this he incorporated the plates used in his previous memoir and supplemented it by a folio atlas (1822), in which he illustrated his collection of petrified and fossil remains of the animal and vegetable kingdom of a former world. For the first time in Germany the fossils were named according to the binomial system of Linnaeus. His specimens are preserved in the Berlin Museum. He died at Gotha.

title: Ernst Friedrich, Baron von Schlotheim


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Wikipedia talk:Requests for comment/Eequor

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Street Fighter (1994 film)

Street Fighter is a 1994 action film written and directed by Steven E. de Souza, based on the video game series of the same name produced by Capcom. It was one of two films released in 1994 specifically adapting Street Fighter II, following Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie. Distributed by Universal Pictures in the United States and Columbia TriStar Film Distributors International internationally, the film stars Jean-Claude Van Damme and Raul Julia (in his final theatrical film role) along with supporting performances by Byron Mann, Damian Chapa, Kylie Minogue, Ming-Na Wen and Wes Studi. The adaptation focuses on the efforts by Colonel Guile (Van Damme) to bring down General M. Bison (Julia), the military dictator and drug kingpin of Shadaloo City who aspires to conquer the world with an army of genetic supersoldiers, while enlisting the aid of street fighters Ryu (Mann) and Ken (Chapa) to infiltrate Bison's empire and help destroy it from within.

The film was commercially successful, with a worldwide box office gross approximately three times its production costs. Home video releases and television broadcasts were also profitable. While it earned Capcom a return of ¥15.5 billion (US$million) from the box office and home media, it was poorly received by critics and fans for its campy tone, unfaithfulness to the source material, and overblown effects. However, Julia's performance as M. Bison was singled out for widespread critical acclaim and garnered him a posthumous nomination for Best Supporting Actor at the Saturn Awards. The film was Julia's final theatrical performance, as he died of a stroke two months before the film's release; the film is dedicated to his memory.

Plot
In the Southeast Asian nation of Shadaloo, civil war occurs between the forces of drug lord-turned-General M. Bison and the Allied Nations led by Colonel William F. Guile. Bison captures 63 A.N. relief workers, and via a live broadcast, demands Guile secure a US$20 billion ransom in three days. Guile refuses and vows to track Bison down and place him on trial for his crimes. His assistant, Lieutenant Cammy White, is only partially able to pinpoint Bison's location to the river-delta region outside the city. One hostage is Guile's friend Sergeant Carlos "Charlie" Blanka, who Bison orders taken to his lab for his captive scientist, Dr. Dhalsim, to turn into the first of his supersoldiers. Though Charlie is severely disfigured gradually by the procedure, Dhalsim secretly alters his cerebral programming to maintain Charlie's humanity.

American con artists and martial artists Ryu Hoshi and Ken Masters attempt to swindle arms dealer Viktor Sagat by selling him fake weaponry. Sagat sees through the ruse and has Ryu fight his cage champion, Vega. However, Guile bursts in and arrests everyone present for violating a curfew. On the prison grounds, he witnesses Ryu and Ken fighting Sagat's men and recruits them to help him find Bison in exchange for their freedom since Sagat is Bison's arms supplier. They are given a homing device and win Sagat's trust by staging a prison escape and faking Guile's death. News reporter Chun-Li Zhang, whose father was killed by Bison 20 years earlier, and her crew, former sumo wrestler Edmond Honda and boxer Balrog, who are out for revenge against Sagat for ruining their careers, stumble across the plan. Over Guile's objections, they attempt to assassinate Bison and Sagat at a party. To maintain the warlords' trust, Ryu and Ken stop the assassination, revealing the conspirators to Bison.

Returning to his base, Bison inducts Ryu and Ken into his organization and orders Honda and Balrog imprisoned and Chun-Li taken to his quarters. Ryu and Ken break Balrog and Honda out of confinement and rush to confront Bison, who is fighting Chun-Li. Bison escapes and releases sleeping gas, sedating them all. Guile plans his assault on Bison's base. He is impeded by the A.N., who decide to pay Bison the ransom. Nevertheless, Guile and his loyal troops proceed with the mission. At the base, Dhalsim is found out by a security guard; during the ensuing fight, Charlie is released, and he kills the guard to protect Dhalsim. Guile arrives, sneaks into the lab, and encounters Charlie. Guile prepares to shoot Charlie to end his suffering, but Dhalsim stops him. Bison prepares to kill the hostages by unleashing Charlie on them, but Guile emerges and engages Bison's guards until the remaining A.N. forces arrive. After Bison makes it clear that he will not surrender peacefully, Guile orders his allies to rescue the hostages and engages Bison in a personal duel. As Guile and Bison fight, Ryu and Ken defeat Sagat and Vega. Bison's computer expert Dee Jay flees through a secret passage, joined by Sagat. Bison's bodyguard, Zangief, engages Honda in a fight until learning from Dee Jay that Bison was the true enemy of freedom and peace, and sides with Ryu and Ken to save the hostages.

Guile gains the upper hand against Bison and kicks him into a bank of hard drives, electrocuting him. A revival system restores Bison, who reveals that his suit has advanced automatic first-aid mechanisms and electrical weaponry, including superconducting boots that enable him to fly. These gadgets allow Bison to gain the upper hand and beat Guile. As he moves to deal the death blow, Guile counters by kicking Bison into his monitor wall which explodes, apparently killing him and overloading the base's energy storage system. The hostages are rescued, but Guile stays behind to convince Dhalsim and Charlie to return with him. They refuse, with Dhalsim wishing to atone for his responsibilities in mutating Charlie. Guile flees the exploding base and reunites with his comrades.

In a post-credits scene, Bison is restored once again when solar power reactivates his base's system, and his fist emerges through the rubble.

Production
The film's production budget was ¥4 billion (US$35 million), with Capcom alone financing most of the budget. Because Capcom was co-financier of the film, every aspect of the production required their approval. Among other points, they mandated a December 1994 release date, which required the cast and crew to maintain an aggressive filming schedule. De Souza says he wrote the initial draft of the script overnight, being made aware that Capcom executives were in Los Angeles on short notice and because he himself was a fan of the game.

Capcom had long envisioned Jean-Claude Van Damme as Guile and asked him to be cast. Raul Julia said that he accepted the role of Bison because his children are huge fans of the video game series. After Van Damme and Julia were cast as Guile and Bison, most of the casting budget had been spent. Van Damme's fee alone took nearly $8 million of the film's $35-million budget. This meant that the majority of other parts had to go to little-known or unknown actors, such as Byron Mann, Damian Chapa, Peter Navy Tuiasosopo and Grand L. Bush. Kylie Minogue was cast as Cammy as a result of the Australian Actors' Guild wanting De Souza to hire an Australian actor. By the time he received the request, Cammy was the only part not yet cast. De Souza first learned of Minogue from her cover photo on a "World's 30 Most Beautiful People" edition of Who magazine. Japanese actor Kenya Sawada appeared in the film as a part of a promotional contract with Capcom. Capcom originally wanted Sawada to play the role of Ryu, but De Souza remained resolute and stuck with Mann for the role.

The cast's physical training was handled by Hollywood trainer and world karate champion Benny Urquidez, who also appears in the film as one of Sagat's henchmen. Charlie Picerni was hired as the stunt coordinator; he took the job with the condition that he would need ample time to train the cast. De Souza agreed; however, plans were switched once it was learned that Raul Julia was suffering from cancer. Initially plans were to shoot Julia's less intensive scenes first while the rest of the cast would train with Picerni; however, upon seeing Julia, de Souza realized that they could not show him in his current weakened state and was forced to switch the filming around. This led to an environment where the cast would be trained only right before their scenes—sometimes only hours ahead.

De Souza stated that he did not want to make a generic martial arts movie and described the film as a cross between Star Wars, James Bond and a war film. In addition, he indicated that he also did not want to shoehorn in elements from the games, citing the previous year's poorly received Super Mario Bros. film as an example. De Souza said that he avoided the supernatural elements and powers from the games but would hint at their use for a sequel.

Street Fighter was filmed mostly in Queensland, Australia along the famous Gold Coast during the second and third quarters of 1994 with most of the interiors and exteriors filmed on soundstages in Brisbane. Some exterior scenes were filmed in Bangkok, Thailand which were used as the backdrop for the fictitious Shadaloo City. The Bangkok scenes were filmed first, in the second quarter of 1994, with filming in Australia beginning after three weeks in Bangkok. De Souza envisioned the attack on Bison's hide-out to include helicopters but was unable to do so due to the political instability in neighbouring Myanmar, which is why the AN troops attack via boats instead. This was referenced in the film's final script.

The MPAA gave the first submitted cut of the film an R classification. This was unacceptably high for Capcom, who had stated from the start that it should be a PG-13 film. After various cuts were made, according to de Souza, a G rating was given, which was bumped up to PG-13 with the addition of an expletive in post production.

The post-credits scene where Bison is revived was omitted from the theatrical release "out of deference to Raul Julia" but was retained in home video and DVD releases.

Soundtrack
A soundtrack was released on December 6, 1994 by Priority Records featuring mostly rap or hip hop, which predates the soundtrack of Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike. The soundtrack found mild success, peaking at #135 on the Billboard 200 and #34 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Upon its release on home video in the United Kingdom, the soundtrack was given away free with every purchase of the VHS tape at branches of Tesco for a limited period. Although this was the only way for anybody in the UK to purchase the CD, "Straight to My Feet" by M.C. Hammer was still released as a single, which charted #57 in the UK.

Score
Graeme Revell composed the film's score, an hour of which was released by Varèse Sarabande. Revell ignored previously existing music from the franchise. The music differs from Revell's more popular style, most notably with the absence of pervasive electronic elements and is entirely orchestral as the score is performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. The campy style of the film is reflected in the score's parody cues. The music during the scene where Ryu faces Vega in the cage fight quotes Georges Bizet's Habanera from the opera Carmen, and a theme heard throughout the score, particularly in the track "Colonel Guile Addresses the Troops", is reminiscent of Bruce Broughton's main theme for Tombstone.

Release
Street Fighter had opened in New York and Los Angeles on December 23, 1994.

Box office
The film earned $3,124,775 on its opening day. It grossed $9,508,030 on its opening weekend, ranking at #3 behind Dumb and Dumber and The Santa Clause at the box office. On its second weekend it grossed $7,178,360 and dropped down to #7. The film grossed $33,423,521 at the domestic box office and $66,000,000 at the international box office, making a total of $99,423,521 worldwide.

Home media
The film was released on the VHS format in 1995, initially for video rental stores. In the United States, the film sold more than 250,000 rental tapes in 1995. The film was also broadcast on cable television, and later released on DVD, Blu-ray, and digital streaming. The film's home video releases and television broadcasts have been profitable for Capcom, which earned a return of ¥15.5 billion (US$million) from the film's box office and home media revenue.

Critical response
Leonard Maltin gave the film his lowest rating, writing that "even Jean-Claude Van Damme fans couldn't rationalize this bomb." Richard Harrington of The Washington Post said the film was "notable only for being the last film made by Raúl Juliá, an actor far too skilled for the demands of the evil warlord, Gen. M. Bison, but far too professional to give anything less than his best." Critic Stephen Holden of The New York Times referred to the film as "a dreary, overstuffed hodgepodge of poorly edited martial arts sequences and often unintelligible dialogue." Writing for Variety, Emanuel Levy stated that the film "suffers from the same problems that impaired Super Mario Bros.: It's noisy, overblown and effects-laden and lacks sustained action or engaging characters." Levy commented on Julia, referring to it as "his weakest performances, accentuating each and every syllable as if he were reciting a Shakespearean role of grand emotional range. It's too bad, for this is the accomplished actor's last film, and it is dedicated to him."

Leslie Felperin of Sight & Sound described Kylie Minogue as Cammy "hilarious miscasting as a military wench with Heidi plaits. The merest glimpse of her holding a bazooka and looking mean is enough to induce giggles in the most dour of viewers." David Hunter of The Hollywood Reporter said the film is "neither a satisfying martial arts exercise for star Jean-Claude Van Damme nor the irresistible mainstream diversion it strives for."

Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, of reviews' critics were positive, with an average rating of 3.40/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Though it offers mild entertainment through campy one-liners and the overacting of the late Raul Julia, Street Fighter's nonstop action sequences are not enough to make up for a predictable, uneven storyline." Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, gave it a score of 34 out of 100 based on 21 reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Awards
In 2009, Time listed the film on their list of top ten worst video games movies. GameTrailers ranked the film as the eighth worst video game film of all time. The film also received two nominations at the Saturn Awards: Best Science Fiction Film and Best Supporting Actor (a posthumous nomination for Raul Julia).

Merchandise
A one shot comic book adaptation of the film, titled Street Fighter: The Battle for Shadaloo, was published by DC Comics in 1995. The comic was drawn by Nick J. Napolitano and written by Mike McAvennie. A Japanese one-shot manga adaptation by Takayuki Sakai was also published in the June 1995 issue of CoroCoro Comics Special.

Two video games based on the film were produced. The first was a coin-operated arcade game titled Street Fighter: The Movie, produced by American developer Incredible Technologies and distributed by Capcom. The second was a home video game developed by Capcom also titled Street Fighter: The Movie, released for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn. Despite sharing the same title, neither game is a port of the other, although they both used the same digitized footage of the film's cast posing as the characters in each game. Capcom also announced that an "enhanced port" was being created for the Sega 32X by their newly formed USA research and development department. This version was never released.

Animated television series
Many plot elements of the film, such as Blanka/Charlie's identity, Chun Li's role as a journalist reporter, Ryu & Ken's roles as con-artists, Dhalsim's role as a scientist, Zangief's role as Bison's muscle and Sagat's role as a crime boss were reused in the American-produced 1995 Street Fighter animated series, a follow-up to this film which combined story aspects of the film with those in the games such as Super Street Fighter II Turbo, Street Fighter Alpha 2 and Final Fight. Both Dan Hibiki and Gen were the only street fighters to be cut out of the show.

Cancelled sequel and reboots
By 2003, plans were being made for a sequel, Street Fighter II. Rumored cast members included Van Damme, Dolph Lundgren and Holly Valance. The project never materialized.

In 2009, 20th Century Fox released Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li, to even worse reception than the original.

In 2014, Street Fighter: Assassin's Fist was released in both television series and movie format to YouTube, focusing on Ryu and Ken's training under Gouken, as well as Gouken's troubled relationship with his brother, Akuma, over the Dark Hadou. The series was met with widespread acclaim and is currently considered the best live-action adaptation of the series to date.

On April 3, 2023, it was reported that Legendary Entertainment had acquired the film rights to the Street Fighter games and had begun work on a new live-action film with talks of Alan Ritchson on-board to portray Guile. The film is scheduled to release on March 20, 2026 by Sony Pictures Releasing.

title: Street Fighter (1994 film)


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Category:Kings of Dacia

Dacian or Getae kings.

title: Category:Kings of Dacia


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Concert: The Cure Live

Concert: The Cure Live is the first live album by English rock band the Cure. It was recorded in 1984 at the Hammersmith Odeon in London and in Oxford during The Top tour. The cassette tape edition featured, on the B-side, a twin album of anomalies, titled Curiosity (Killing the Cat): Cure Anomalies 1977–1984.

Track listing
Tracks written by Robert Smith, Simon Gallup and Lol Tolhurst, except as noted.

 * 1) "Shake Dog Shake" (Smith) – 4:14
 * 2) "Primary" – 3:29
 * 3) "Charlotte Sometimes" – 4:06
 * 4) "The Hanging Garden" – 4:05
 * 5) "Give Me It" (Smith) – 2:49
 * 6) "The Walk" (Smith, Tolhurst) – 3:31
 * 7) "One Hundred Years" – 6:48
 * 8) "A Forest" (Smith, Matthieu Hartley, Gallup, Tolhurst) – 6:46
 * 9) "10:15 Saturday Night" (Smith, Michael Dempsey, Tolhurst) – 3:44
 * 10) "Killing an Arab" (Smith, Dempsey, Tolhurst) – 2:51

Cassette tape edition
The B-side of the cassette tape edition of Concert contained a twin album titled Curiosity (Killing the Cat): Cure Anomalies 1977–1984, a set of Cure rarities recorded from 1977 to 1984:
 * 1) "Heroin Face" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Three Imaginary Boys)
 * 2) "Boys Don't Cry" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Three Imaginary Boys)
 * 3) "Subway Song" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Three Imaginary Boys)
 * 4) "At Night" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Seventeen Seconds)
 * 5) "In Your House" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Seventeen Seconds)
 * 6) "The Drowning Man" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Faith)
 * 7) "Other Voices" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Faith)
 * 8) "The Funeral Party" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Faith)
 * 9) "All Mine" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered Pornography)
 * 10) "Forever (Version)" (later included on Disc 2 of the remastered The Top)

Personnel

 * Robert Smith – vocals, guitar
 * Porl Thompson – guitar, saxophone, keyboards
 * Andy Anderson – drums
 * Phil Thornalley – bass guitar
 * Lol Tolhurst – keyboards

title: Concert: The Cure Live


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User:Solar

About me
I have been a registered Wikipedian since September 27 2004 but have been contributing since May 2004. My main area of interest is parapsychology.

Contributions
Including articles I have added to or edited, as well as images I have contributed:

Articles
Abramelin oil | Abramelin the Mage | Adam Johnson | Adept | Adi Da | Afterlife | Ahimsa | Ahinsa | Alan Watts | Aleister Crowley | Allison DuBois | Ana Voog | Annie Besant | Anomalous phenomenon | Anti-cult movement | Argenteum Astrum | Asceticism | Astral body | Astral projection | Avebury | Benedictine | Camping | Capital punishment | Capital punishment in the United States | Carthusian | Catherine Eddowes | Censorship in the United Kingdom | Compassion | Crime against humanity | Dan Millman | Dancer in the Dark | David Icke | Death Penalty | Deepak Chopra | Devil's Dyke, Sussex | Divination | Dolores Ashcroft-Nowicki | Douglas Baker | Dowsing | Earthlings (documentary) | Eckhart Tolle | Electronic voice phenomenon | Eleusinian Mysteries | Elizabeth Eckford | Emanuel Swedenborg | Enlightenment (concept) | Environmental vegetarianism | Eshu | Ethics of eating meat | Evocation | Extra-sensory perception | Falun Gong | Ghost | God in Jainism | Goetia | Golden Dawn tradition | Haridwar | Heaven | Higher Self | Indigo children | Ingo Swann | Institute of Noetic Sciences | JZ Knight | Jainism | James Herbert Brennan | Jane Roberts | John Edward | John Negroponte | John Stewart Bell | Jonas Salk | Joseph McMoneagle | Kabbalah Centre | Khalil Gibran | Kundalini | Left-Hand Path and Right-Hand Path | Lex talionis | London Stone | Lunar node | Lunar standstill | Magical thinking | Magick | Make Poverty History | Manly Palmer Hall | Margaret Singer | Matthew Manning | Merhan Karimi Nasseri | Mikha'il Na'ima | Moon | Motivational speaker | Musée de l'Érotisme | Myers-Briggs Type Indicator | Naomi Klein | Near-death experience | Nema | Neopaganism | Nonviolence | Nonviolence International | Noumenon | Occult | Otherkin | Out-of-body experience |  Pagan activism | Paramita | Parapsychology | Pathological skepticism | Patty Jenkins | Paulo Coelho | Peace Monitoring Group | Peace movement | People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals | Physiognomy | Precognition | Psychic | Psychic detective | Psychometry | Ramtha | Raw food diet | Red-Green Coalition (Norway) | Remote viewing | Reptilian humanoid | Retreat | Richard Bandler | Robert Monroe | Rosa Parks | S. N. Goenka | Sceptics | Scrying | Sephirot (Kabbalah) | Seth Jane Roberts | Simon Turnbull | Skepticism | Spiritual discipline | Spiritual evolution | Spiritual practice | Spirituality | Stanley Williams | Steve Irwin | Stop the War Coalition | Stuart Wilde | Sylvan Muldoon | Taizé, Saône-et-Loire | Tattva vision | Temple of Mithras, London | The 120 Days of Sodom | The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage | The Kingdom of God is Within You | Thelema | Theurgy | Timothy Treadwell | Tolerance | Tree of life (Kabbalah) | Tulku | Unicursal Hexagram | Uri Geller | Vegan nutrition | Veganism | Vegetarianism and religion | Virtual reality | Visionary | Viva! | Walbrook | Way of the Peaceful Warrior | West Kennet Long Barrow | What The Bleep Do We Know!? | Wicca | William Blake | Yggdrasil | Zos Kia Cultus

Pages I created

 * S. N. Goenka
 * Joseph McMoneagle
 * Musée de l'érotisme
 * Patty Jenkins
 * Sylvan Muldoon
 * Dan Millman
 * Abramelin oil
 * Unicursal Hexagram
 * Way of the Peaceful Warrior
 * Douglas Baker
 * Nonviolence International
 * Spiritual discipline
 * Psychic
 * J. H. Brennan
 * Matthew Manning
 * Shaun Monson

Pages I intend to create

 * East Kennet Long Barrow
 * Edwin May
 * Society of the Inner Light

Pages I intend to expand

 * ESP
 * Ingo Swann
 * Astral body

Projects
I am a member of Wikiprojects:
 * WikiProject Spirituality
 * WikiProject Countering systemic bias in religion
 * WikiProject Anti-war

My stuff

 * /Notes

 * /Scrying

 * /JH Brennan

 * /Society of the Inner Light

 * /Sandbox

 * /monobook.js

 * /Welcome - My personal welcome template

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages and images, as described below:

title: User:Solar


text: User talk:61.95.214.224

title: User talk:61.95.214.224


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Wikipedia:Usability guide for future improvements

Wikipedia: Usability guide for future developements

Wikipedia is always evolving, users constantly proposing new features. This article tries to set some usability standards to guide those improvements, so it won't fall in the pitfall of Creeping featurism.

Wikipedia's main value is in the ease with which any user can edit its content. This comes from the very simple fact that an expert in any knowledge field is not necessarily used to computers. Imagine the anecdote of a man who spent thirty years researching a specific field, so although he is the world's expert in his area he has to call his grandson whenever he wants to send an email with an attachment.

Now figure that this same Grandson decides to show him how this wikipedia thing works. If whenever he first clicks the 'edit' link he does not see plain English, he probably won't return.

Usability mantra is know the user. So who is the wikipedia user?

The User
notice that here it says user, not reader. The wikipedian reads, writes, edits, discuss. Without those there would be no good articles.

The first user: the computer iliterate
wikipedia wasn't done by programmers. It was written by programmers, designers, engineers, doctors, teachers, lawnmowers, teenagers, everyone. And almost all have never seen an  HTML tag . Most of them are not used to use computers.

And maybe in the future they'll never use one. Maybe wikipedia will be acessed by some specific information appliance more simple to use than a website.

Those users are interested in wikipedia's content. Write, read. No coding, no tagging, no templates. Simple as that.

The second user: the machine initiated
this user might be interested on the workings of wikipedia. He puts articles as candidates for deletion or featured. He edits the main paqe.

If only existed the first user, wikipedia could be a big Wysïwig editor. But the second user cares for the code, he want it clean so there won't be funny messes

the last user: the computer
The computer is not even a user, it is a tool to serve other users. He is here as a reminder that in order to make wikipedia's content reach a wider audience, be it through printing, voice access or else, it must be readable by a machine. He is last because any improvement on this area that difficult life for the first three users shouldn't be implemented.

1 - do not mix what is to be read by humans with what is read by the machine
and remember that does not matter how easy is your code, it still a code. Only accept tags that does not difficult being read by people. If you can't, redesign the technology, do not expect people to conform to it.

examples were those rules appy

 * Wikitex Usability Review
 * Semantic Wikipedia proposal


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File:LRonHubbard-Dianetics-ISBN1403105464-cover.jpg

Summary
The uploader asserts that the use of this image in Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, Space opera in Scientology doctrine and Xenu is fair use for purposes of academic discussion of the cover imagery of the book in relation to Scientology doctrine.