text:
Talk:Pop feminism

I have created this page because I think its a critical omission, and I dislike blind links. All sources can be easily located using google. Could someone please proofread my work and expand it a bit?--ChrisJMoor 19:32, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Is Charmed also Pop Feminism?
I gave up after the first 5 or 6 episodes of Charmed, exactly because I got the impression that all male characters appearing in the show were weak or evil. Can somebody who has seen more of the show (ideally at least the first two seasons) say whether the show is bad enough to qualify for the list at the bottom of this article, or if the first episodes were just off key relative to the rest of the show? --Peter Knutsen 14:15, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

A great example of pop feminism is the Movie Chicago. The main part that strikes me as possibly pop fem is the cell block tango. Where all the women are in jail because a man has drove them there. The men have either cheated on them or verbally abused them or just plain ignored them.

Subjective POV
This article appears somewhat subjective, more appropriate for a blog than an encyclopedia. There are no citations, and no evidence that this is a recognized form of feminism.

Needs to be rewritten completely
This page needs to be completely overhauled. There are no sources and it seems that this article was mostly just pulled from the author's head. I tried to go through and fix the many verb-subject agreement errors and the general grammatical mistakes. I also tried to fix the very subjective tone of many of the sentences. This article makes some interesting points, but someone with some knowledge in the area of contemporary feminism really needs to do some research and rewrite this entire thing.
 * There, done. --BerserkerBen 10:10, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

AfD Non-notability --71.28.201.176

Most articles on wikipedia are not notable, "AfD Non-notability" is the standard "lets destroy wikipedia" motto.--BerserkerBen 22:39, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Possible AfD or Merger
Hi I'm Cailil I came to this article through Project Gender Studies. I was doing a talk page harmonization (cleaning-up graphics, nav boxes and rating unassessed pages) then I came here. There is 1 reliable source on this page about Pop feminism. But worse than that it seems like a "cool idea". While I agree that there should be a section on feminist representations in popular culture somewher on WP it does not warrant an article of its own.--Cailil 21:54, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

 * 23 days later still no improvemnts and no WP:RS sources. I've listed the page for deletion with prod.  The first comments on this talk page point to the article being created as a "cool idea" or just plain original research.  IMHO this is borne out by the content, or rather the lack therefore, in the article.  "Critical oversight" or not there needs to substantive, notable research available for such an article to exist--Cailil 16:00, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

Having trawled through the 'references' here I can say that out of the 6 only one is a reliable source - the first one and that's only a journalistic opinion. I have found 3 articles which include the words "Pop feminism" Other than these scant throw away references to Pop feminism I can not find anything reliable or definitive--Cailil 18:34, 27 February 2007 (UTC)
 * A review of 'Fantasy Girls' by Elyce Rae Helford which says the book is about "Pop" feminsm - I'll check this on Thursday when I can get to the library.
 * 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Agenda' by Courtney Lehmann in Shakespeare Quarterly 53.2 (2002), p. 260-279. It says "Pop feminism is not feminism; rather, it is the central agent of the backlash against women's struggle for advancement." but it doesn't source or define the term 'Pop feminism' or mention it again.available at project muse
 * 'Review: Spreading the Word, Thin(ly): The Limits of Pop Feminism' by Leslie White in American Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 3. (Sep., 1989), pp. 563-567 available on JSTOR the only reference to "pop feminism" is in the title. The book it reviews is about Film theory, speculative fiction and feminism (I will confirm whether the book by Marleen S. Barr uses the term Pop feminism or not on Thursday)

valid but needs a little work
I almost feel as if I might have written part of this piece, just because I've talked about pop feminism a lot for years now. It's important to note that the connotation of a societal element representing pop feminism is a more masculist critique than any other, but that it also denounces notions of women's liberation through the liberation of sexuality. Pop feminism is a subjective kind of feminism that seems to be all the liberation with none of the responsibility, and it does seem to be mostly found in those that would obsess with pop culture, younger women. Maybe to some it feels like pop feminism doesn't exist, but I don't think that's the case. Putting out dozens of shows with strong female protagonists that are taken seriously seems more to be making up for a lack of feminist ideals elsewhere. The main issue seems to be what is offered for male roles otherwise. Crime dramas have been refreshing in the number of women they show taking on primary and secondary roles as strong characters, but there is still a need to see them act out sexually in ways that other male characters are not so required; but men are still pegged more often as sexual deviants/offenders, spousal abusers, and predators of the opposite sex. Contrastingly, the shows with male leads (on sitcoms) follow the archetype of the male being a trickster and a fool while the woman is asserted as smarter, more thoughtful, and generally better, including in appearance. This conveys a poor message for members of both sexes who watch. This would be acceptable if another character who had a similar role in same or other show/s were given the same kind of paradigm. But instead, the trend continues further into advertising in which a man is unable to do something or figure out something and the woman has to take care of him like a child. This negative view of men and overwhelming surge of strong female characters combined with years of seeing men taken down by a simple blow to the groin could be leading to a decline in the sense of purpose and societal importance in the everyday man. Similarly to how the portrayal of women in popular culture as being stupid, emotional, flighty, undependable and childish lead to generations of women feeling unempowered. This piece simply claims that the pendulum has swung too far in the opposite direction from previous decades and has produced a type of mainstream quasi-feminist ideology that works to hinder the relations between the sexes. In so doing, pop feminism would seem to do more damage than good in that it breeds misandrony. It further encourages stereotyping of men into one of three categories: good, bad, ugly/stupid. This piece is clearly controversial because it raises an air of doubt around what is viewed by many women as self-empowerment and ending oppression, but what can be seen by others as outrageous hostility and gender-profiling. And for those requiring a citation of pop feminism in a reliable source, one of the external links listed is a piece from the CBC that cites examples of "pop feminism". 204.210.199.29 16:28, 4 March 2007 (UTC)Keihl204.210.199.29 16:28, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * 204.210.199.29 I am actually familiar with this line of argument and this way of using theory. However what your saying is original research - I happen to agree with you but unless you can site a reliably sourced reference for this the deletion query stands.  However valid pop feminism is does not mean it is notable enough for WikiPedia--Cailil 23:06, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

 * When redirecting this page to another page (which I don't necessarily disagree with) it might be good to put something from this page on the other: as it is now nothing is spoken of pop feminism what so ever on wikipedia. Sure pop feminism my only be mention by a few journalist in actually media and on a few hundred web sites, but its at least worthy of a few sentences somewhere on wikipedia?--BerserkerBen 22:41, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I do agree with you BerserkerBen. My problem is with this article, not its subject.  One news piece is enough for Pop feminism to have a section in another article - its just not enough for a whole article on its own.  If there were more notable and reliable sources that would change matters, but as it stands there is just one.--Cailil 23:24, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Well see I don't have a problem with that, if pop feminism actually had a section in another article that would be fine by me, but it doesn't, as it stand it has nothing.--BerserkerBen 23:29, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

A section along the lines of Feminism & Popular Culture would be apropriate for the Feminism page. It would need to be properly researched and developed but what's here could form the basis for that. BTW the pages were merged by Black Falcon yesterday - I agree with this move. If anyone wants to help develop the section Feminism & Popular Culture a temporary subpage could be created (I'm willing to host it myself)--Cailil 13:44, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Great idea, would love to. --BerserkerBen 15:18, 12 March 2007 (UTC)
 * If I had time that is... --BerserkerBen 02:34, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pop feminism


text:
Talk:Footstool

utilitarian device
As a classical guitarist, I can't help but point out that it is not just "furtniture." A foot stool is a prop or utilitarian device used by guitarists (typically classical or spanish). See here, e.g.: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIsumDxGctE  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.6.191.46 (talk) 07:35, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

A picture of a nice looking footstool,

The rim around a barstool's legs, used for propping your feet upon, is similar to the second variety. I'm sure this deserves a mention if this article ever gets into the solid theory of why raising your legs feels nice.

While I do get immense childish amusement out of that "stool" link, perhaps that page's redirect should be changed. [[User:Slike|Slike

Someone wrote about footstools?
I can't believe someone took the time to write an article about footstools...or that I took the time to react to it...

Merging with "Ottoman (furniture"
Seems like a pretty good idea to me; the articles are very similar, even with the same picture. --Mattthemutt 15:23, 24 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Maybe that's a fault of the articles, not a sign that the concepts are identical. —vivacissamamente 11:45, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm all for the merge. --otherlleft 15:50, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I was just about to agree that the article should be merged but then, on a whim, I decided to check the Merriam-Webster dictionary. Footstool is defined as "a low stool used to support the feet", however ottoman is defined as "2 [...] a: an upholstered often overstuffed seat or couch usually without a back b: an overstuffed footstool".  This signifies to me while a footstool is an ottoman, an ottoman, however, is not necessarily a footstool, and could be, for example, a back-less couch. -Transce080 (talk) 02:55, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Footstool


text: Category:521 deaths

title: Category:521 deaths


text:
Orange Line (Montreal Metro)

The Orange Line (Ligne orange), also known as Line 2 (Ligne 2), is the longest and first-planned of the four subway lines of the Montreal Metro in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It formed part of the initial network, and was extended from 1980 to 1986. On April 28, 2007, three new stations in Laval opened making it the second line to leave Montreal Island.

The Orange Line measures 30 km in length and counts 31 stations. It is the longest subway line in Montreal and the second-longest in Canada after the Line 1 Yonge–University of the Toronto subway. Like the rest of the Metro network, it is entirely underground. The line runs in a U-shape (also similar to Line 1 Yonge-University) from Côte-Vertu in western Montreal to Montmorency in Laval, northwest of Montreal.

History
On November 3, 1961, Montreal City Council approved an initial Metro network 16 km in length. Line 2 (Orange Line) was to run from north of the downtown, from Crémazie station through various residential neighbourhoods to the business district at Place-d'Armes station.

Work on the Orange Line began on May 23, 1962 on Berri Street just south of Jarry Street. In November 1962, the city of Montreal learned that it had been awarded the 1967 International and Universal Exposition (commonly known as Expo 67). To better meet the anticipated demand for transit during Expo 67, it was decided on August 6, 1963 to add the Sauvé and Henri-Bourassa stations in the north, and the Square-Victoria-OACI and Bonaventure stations in the south.

On October 14, 1966, the section between Henri-Bourassa and Place-d'Armes opened, forming part of the original Metro network. Completion of smaller sections were delayed by several months. On February 6, 1967, the segment from Place-d'Armes to Square-Victoria-OACI opened, followed on February 13, 1967, by Bonaventure.

Prior to the inauguration of the initial network, extensions were proposed in all directions, including the West Island. In its 1967 Urban Plan, entitled "Horizon 2000", the city of Montreal planned to build a network of almost 100 mi by the end of the twentieth century. On February 12, 1971, the council of the Montreal Urban Community authorized the borrowing of C$430 million to extend the Metro. This amount increased to C$665 million in 1973, and to C$1.6 billion in 1975. This expansion plan included the costs of extending the Orange Line westward, a distance of 20.5 km, adding 16 new stations, as well as the construction of a new garage. The terminus station, Salaberry, would have been an intermodal station with Bois-Franc commuter rail station.

From the beginning, the plan was to expand the Metro to the northwest, but massive cost overruns on the expansion of the Green Line in preparation for the 1976 Summer Olympics, led to several years of delays, including a moratorium on underground expansions in 1976. To cut costs, three planned stations (Poirier, Bois-Franc, De Salaberry) and a maintenance workshop at the end of the track were eliminated.

In 1979, the Minister of Transport, Denis de Belleval, proposed to complete the subway extension to Du Collège and to extend the rest of the line above ground. This transportation plan was rejected by the mayors of the Montreal Urban Community. The moratorium was lifted in February 1981, with a new agreement that approved the construction of one additional station, Côte-Vertu. Du Collège was considered inappropriate to play the role of a terminus.

The western segment was constructed in the 1980s and was opened in several stages. On April 28, 1980, it was extended from Bonaventure to Place-Saint-Henri. From there, the line was extended to Snowdon on September 7, 1981, on January 4, 1982 to Côte-Sainte-Catherine, on June 29, 1982 to Plamondon, on January 9, 1984 to Du Collège, and finally on November 3, 1986 to the western terminus of Côte-Vertu.

Laval extension
After a break of more than two decades of expansion, the eastern segment was extended from Henri-Bourassa by three stations into the city of Laval. The 5.2 km section required digging a tunnel under the Rivière des Prairies. The three stations were Cartier, De la Concorde and Montmorency. Montmorency station is near Collège Montmorency and the Laval campus of the Université de Montréal.

The Laval extension was inaugurated on April 26, 2007, and it opened to the public on April 28. It was completely financed by the Government of Quebec, which mandated for the former Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT) (now ARTM) to realize the project. The STM acted as a subcontractor for the AMT and was responsible for the installation of fixed equipment. The project extended the Orange Line by 5.2 km, 4.9 km not including the depot past Montmorency, at a cost of roughly C$143.27 million/km, which is slightly below the average cost for Metro extensions in other major cities. The total cost of the extension was $745 million. To that amount, $12.4 million was added in 2008 to build a second entrance to Cartier station in Libellules Park, located northeast of the intersection of des Laurentides and Cartier.

Accessibility
When opened in 2007, the stations on the Laval extension were the first accessible stations on the Metro, with elevators and other features for disabled persons.

In the 2010s and 2020s, older stations were retrofitted to be made accessible, with the installation of elevators. , 16 of the 31 Orange Line stations are accessible, including all four interchange stations at Berri-UQAM, Lionel-Groulx, Jean-Talon and Snowdon. STM plans for all stations to be made accessible by the late 2030s.

Platform edge doors
In 2019, the STM announced plans to install platform edge doors on the Orange Line, to improve safety and reduce passenger incidents (dropped objects, falls etc). The 2021-2030 Capital Expenditure Program estimated the project would cost around $560m. Due to financial difficulties following the COVID-19 pandemic, the project was cancelled in 2022.

Future extensions
In the medium term, there are plans for the Orange Line to be further extended toward the northwest from Côte-Vertu. The extension would include two new stations: Poirier and Bois-Franc. The latter would create a transportation hub with the existing Bois-Franc station on the Réseau express métropolitain light metro.

After the extension of the line into Laval, Gilles Vaillancourt, a former mayor of Laval, suggested for a further six stations to be added to the line. Three of them would be in Laval and three in Montreal, which would together turn the Orange Line into a loop. In 2011, the City of Laval proposed adding eight more stations to the line, including five in Laval, to complete the loop and to serve the Carrefour Laval terminus.

On 18 June 2019, the Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain approved a report for extending the Orange Line by 6.4 km to the north and east of the current Côte-Vertu terminus in St-Laurent to Montmorency station in Laval, which would create a loop. Five new stations would be built located at Poirier Street, Bois-Franc, and Gouin Boulevard in Montreal, and at Chomedey and Notre-Dame Boulevard near Autoroute 15 in Laval. The extension would cost an estimated $4.5 billion and put the project in line with the estimated $4.5-billion cost of the Blue Line extension to Anjou.

Maintenance
The Metro trains are stored in the Saint-Charles Garage, north of Henri-Bourassa station, and in the garage at Montmorency station for passenger cars. They are maintained at the Plateau d'Youville, which is located between Crémazie and Sauvé stations. Centre d'attachement Duvernay, which is connected to the Green Line, is used for maintenance of way equipment. The Snowdon tail tracks and connecting track, which is connected to the Blue Line, is also used for maintenance of way equipment.

A new garage was built immediately north of Côte-Vertu station that opened in March 2022, expanding the capacity of the Orange line by 25% and reducing wait time between trains from 2 minutes and 30 seconds to 2 minutes across the entire line.

Operation hours and frequency
The Orange Line operates between 5:30 a.m. and 12:30 a.m on weekdays and Sunday, and between 5:30 a.m. and 1:00 a.m on Saturday. Trains arrive at stations every 2 to 7 minutes during peak periods, every 3 to 8 minutes during off peak periods, and every 6 to 11 minutes at weekends.

Rolling stock
At the line's opening in 1966, MR-63 cars were used on the Orange Line. In the early 1980s, MR-73 cars replaced the older MR-63 cars, which were used again on the Green Line. Introduced in 1976, the MR-73 is the second generation of high-performance Metro cars, identified by rectangular cab headlights, blue and dark orange interiors, 124 kW (166 hp) traction motors that growl while they accelerate out of a station, side vents, and a unique three-note sound signature when the train pulls out of a station.

With the introduction of the newer MPM-10 trains in 2016, the MR-73 trains in service on the line were gradually transferred over to the Green, Yellow, and Blue Lines. On 20 June 2018, a decorated MR-63 train gave a final "farewell tour" of the Orange Line before the model was retired from the entire system the following day. All remaining MR-73 cars operating on the line had been transferred over to the other lines by the end of 2018.

title: Orange Line (Montreal Metro)


text:
User talk:Stuartyeates

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Martyns of Cheltenham
You have added a Peacock tag to my article on Martyns of Cheltenham but have given no explanation or justification. Would you please let me know why you have done so. TriodeFollower (talk) 14:27, 10 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Hi, can you please link to the "Martyns of Cheltenham" article or draft you're referring to? I'm not sure... Stuartyeates (talk) 08:23, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * - H. H. Martyn & Co., found by looking at the user's contributions.-Gadfium (talk) 09:05, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * User:TriodeFollower the problem appears to be that much of the article is sourced to 'a personal account' by the founder and inappropiately carries over the tone from that. Phrases like "Despite the lack of family involvement," and "he could little have imagined that during his lifetime" etc. aren't encyclopedic. Stuartyeates (talk) 09:50, 13 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your explanation. I will think about how to correct my article in the light of your comment. TriodeFollower (talk) 07:41, 22 June 2024 (UTC)

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 Latest tech news from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. Translations are available.

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 * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions on the project talkpage.
 * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode.

Problems
 * You can copy permanent links to talk page comments by clicking on a comment's timestamp. This feature did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug.

Changes later this week
 * Octicons-sync.svg The new version of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from . It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from . It will be on all wikis from (calendar).
 * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature on Diff or on Mediawiki.org.

Tech news prepared by Tech News writers and posted by bot • Contribute • Translate • Get help • Give feedback • Subscribe or unsubscribe.

MediaWiki message delivery 22:30, 24 June 2024 (UTC)

Tech News: 2024-27
 Latest tech news from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. Translations are available.

Recent changes
 * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the top-requested community wishes, and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in the latest Web team update.
 * Logged-in users can now set global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode, thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis.
 * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new CSS features and to send less code to all readers.
 * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using Community Configuration. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure Growth features on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months.
 * Editors interested in language issues that are related to Unicode standards, can now discuss those topics at a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a member of the Unicode Consortium, and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium.
 * One new wiki has been created: a in Mandailing

Problems
 * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team.

Future changes
 * Please help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by this privacy statement. Some translations are available.

Tech news prepared by Tech News writers and posted by bot • Contribute • Translate • Get help • Give feedback • Subscribe or unsubscribe.

MediaWiki message delivery 23:57, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

Upcoming Edit-a-thon Event in Wellington
Te Papa is hosting an edit-a-thon on Saturday 13 July 2024 between 10am and 4pm. Lunch will be provided. The theme of the edit-a-thon is Te Papa Expeditions and editors will be working on updating wikipedia articles and wikidata on expeditions, people, places, ships, and species. Come along to learn more. It’s free and lunch will be provided. Register here: https://tepapamuseum.rezdy.com/652753/expeditions-editathon More information on this event page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup/Wellington/Expeditions_Edit-a-thon_13_July_2024 We hope to see you there. Einebillion (talk) 01:36, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

You was tricked
FYI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:XDC_Network your submission was evaded by sockpuppet here XDC Network Indiana's Football (talk) 18:29, 3 July 2024 (UTC)

The Signpost: 4 July 2024
 * Read this Signpost in full * Single-page * Unsubscribe * MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:40, 4 July 2024 (UTC)

Tech News: 2024-28
 Latest tech news from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. Translations are available.

Recent changes
 * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart. You can subscribe to the newsletter to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
 * The CampaignEvents extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki.
 * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the Add an Image feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
 * Thank you to all of the authors who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year, which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects.

Problems
 * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, has been fixed.

Future changes
 * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce temporary accounts with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has created documentation explaining how to do the update. Learn more.

Tech News survey
 * Please help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by this privacy statement. Some translations are available.

Tech news prepared by Tech News writers and posted by bot • Contribute • Translate • Get help • Give feedback • Subscribe or unsubscribe.

MediaWiki message delivery 21:29, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

This Month in Education: June 2024
This Month in Education

 Volume 13 • Issue 6 • June 2024

Contents • Headlines • Subscribe

In This Issue
 * From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect
 * 5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico
 * Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students
 * First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024
 * Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy
 * Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects
 * Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions
 * Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration

About This Month in Education · Subscribe/Unsubscribe · Global message delivery · For the team: ZI Jony 06:58, 9 July 2024 (UTC)

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SuggestBot picks articles in a number of ways based on other articles you've edited, including straight text similarity, following wikilinks, and matching your editing patterns against those of other Wikipedians. It tries to recommend only articles that other Wikipedians have marked as needing work. We appreciate that you have signed up to receive suggestions regularly; your contributions make Wikipedia better — thanks for helping!

If you have feedback on how to make SuggestBot better, please let us know on SuggestBot's talk page. -- SuggestBot (talk) 13:43, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

This Month in GLAM: June 2024
About This Month in GLAM · Subscribe/Unsubscribe · Global message delivery · Romaine 02:29, 12 July 2024 (UTC)

Tech News: 2024-29
 Latest tech news from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. Translations are available.

Tech News survey
 * Please help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by this privacy statement. Some translations are available.

Recent changes
 * Octicons-tools.svg Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both Gerrit and GitLab, due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the Migration status page.
 * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. Please apply here by August 10.
 * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new Edit Patrol features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, you can contact the team. You can read more about this project on Diff blog.
 * Editors who have access to The Wikipedia Library can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation contacted them to restore access. You can read more about this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week.

Changes later this week
 * This week, dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias, both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some recommendations for dark mode compatibility to help.

Future changes
 * Octicons-tools.svg Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the temporary accounts feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please share your opinions and questions on the project talk page.
 * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at Commons:Cross-wiki upload and discussion at Commons:Village Pump.

Tech news prepared by Tech News writers and posted by bot • Contribute • Translate • Get help • Give feedback • Subscribe or unsubscribe. You can also get other news from the Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin.

MediaWiki message delivery 01:29, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stuartyeates


text: User talk:68.78.233.235

title: User talk:68.78.233.235


text:
TransAdelaide

TransAdelaide was a publicly owned corporation established in July 1994, which provided suburban train, tram and bus services in Adelaide, South Australia, under contract to the Government of South Australia. It took over these responsibilities from the State Transport Authority.

History
TransAdelaide operated local bus services in Adelaide until April 2000. All metropolitan bus routes were transferred to private companies Light-City Buses, SouthLink and Torrens Transit.

TransAdelaide continued to operate rail services under the Adelaide Metro brand. TransAdelaide was abolished in August 2010, with its staff and functions transferred to the newly created Office of the Rail Commissioner.

TransAdelaide operated all suburban railway services in Adelaide on the Belair, Gawler, Grange, Noarlunga Centre, Outer Harbor and Tonsley lines.

After retiring the last of the ageing Redhen railcars in 1996, TransAdelaide operated 99 broad-gauge diesel railcars, split into two classes and four types, the diesel-hydraulic 2000/2100 class and the diesel-electric 3000/3100 class. All were maintained by Bombardier Transportation at a central depot adjacent to Adelaide station.

TransAdelaide also operated the Glenelg tram line.

Past fleet
TransAdelaide inherited some Redhen railcars from the State Transport Authority. The final units were retired in October 1996.

Type H trams were the mainstay of the Glenelg tram line for the 77 years. They operated after the line was converted from a steam railway to an electrified tramway in 1929, through to the trams' retirement in 2006. They were replaced by Bombardier Flexity Classic and Alstom Citadis low-floor trams, which now also run on an extension of the line through Adelaide city centre.

title: TransAdelaide


text:
William Maddocks

William Maddocks may refer to:

 * William Madocks (1773–1828), English Member of Parliament
 * Bill Maddocks (1921–1992), English trade union leader

title: William Maddocks


text:
Yellow Line (Montreal Metro)

The Yellow Line (Ligne jaune), also known as Line 4 (Ligne 4), is one of the Montreal Metro's four routes operating in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Built to serve the crowds of the Expo 67 exhibition, the line now forms a key link between Downtown Montreal, the South Shore and the city of Longueuil. The line is the shortest on the Metro at 4.25 km long, having not been extended since its opening in 1967. All 3 stations on the line have been renamed since their opening.

Route
The Yellow Line is a 4.25 km east-west line connecting the Island of Montreal with the South Shore and the city of Longueuil, serving 3 stations. As with other Montreal Metro lines, the entirety of the line is in tunnel. The line does not have a depot, however a connecting track at Berri–UQAM allows access to both the Green and Orange lines.

At the western end of the line, Berri–UQAM station is located 28 m below rue Saint-Denis, below the level of the Green and Orange lines. Departing Berri–UQAM, the line heads southeast, with downward gradients of 6% taking the line south under Old Montreal and the Old Port of Montreal. The deepest point of the Metro network is located 54 m below rue Notre-Dame in the Old Town. The line then heads northeast, gradually ascending as it passes under St. Lawrence River, to the cut and cover Jean-Drapeau station on Île Sainte-Hélène. The distance between Berri–UQAM and Jean-Drapeau is 2.36 km, the longest distance between two stations on the Metro. Departing Jean-Drapeau, the line descends to pass underneath Le Moyne Channel, Île Notre-Dame and the St. Lawrence Seaway, before ascending at gradients of 6.3% to the terminus at Longueuil–Université-de-Sherbrooke in Longueuil.

Planning and construction
In November 1961, Montreal City Council decided to build a Metro network, however the Yellow Line was not part of the original plans. A year later, however, Montreal's bid to host the 1967 World's Fair (Expo 67) was accepted.

In early 1963, Executive Chairman of Montreal City Council Lucien Saulnier asked engineers overnight to come up with a proposal to link the city to a potential location for the exposition in the St. Lawrence River. On March 29, 1963, the location for the World's Fair was officially announced, with the under construction Metro to be extended to serve the site. On August 6, 1963, the decision to build the line was approved by Montreal City Council in a special meeting, at an estimated cost of $17 million. In May 1964, tenders were sought to build the line. The previously proposed station on Île Notre-Dame was omitted from the design, with the Expo Express to be built instead. The suburb of Longueuil to the east of Montreal contributed $3.3 million towards the construction of the line.

Construction of the Red Line (line 3) was subsequently cancelled; with the Yellow Line built to connect the artificial islands hosting the expo in the St. Lawrence River with downtown Montreal and the rapidly-growing suburb of Longueuil. The tunnels below the St. Lawrence River were dug in bedrock, with open cut construction methods used for the tunnels across the new artificial islands. The artificial islands used spoil from Metro tunnelling to assist in constructing them.

Opening for Expo 67
The official opening of the line took place on April 1, 1967. In the first four weeks, the station on Île Sainte-Hélène served only the construction workers of the Expo site. The line finally opened to the public on April 28, 1967, the day after the official opening of Expo 67. During the Expo, Île Sainte-Hélène station handled over 60,000 passengers an hour.

Following the closure of Expo 67, the line serves the La Ronde amusement park, events at Parc Jean-Drapeau (such as the Canadian Grand Prix) as well as allowing connections to Longueuil and the South Shore. In 1991, the Université de Sherbrooke opened its campus in Longueuil, adjacent to the Metro station.

The line is now a key link between the South Shore and Montreal, with 40% of public transit users from the South Shore using the line in the morning peak. Longueuil–Université-de-Sherbrooke is one of the busiest stations on the Metro network.

All three stations on the line have been renamed – with Berri-de Montigny renamed to Berri–UQAM in 1988, Île Sainte-Hélène renamed to Jean-Drapeau in 2001, and Longueuil renamed to Longueuil–Université-de-Sherbrooke in 2003.

Accessibility
In 2019, Jean-Drapeau became the first station on the line to be made accessible. , construction work is underway to make the Yellow Line platforms at Berri–UQAM accessible, despite the technical challenge of excavating and building new elevators 28 m below street level.

South Shore extension
In 2009, Premier of Quebec Jean Charest announced $12 million to undertake Metro extension feasibility work. This would include an eastern extension of the Yellow Line, to serve Pierre-Boucher Hospital and CÉGEP Édouard-Montpetit.

In December 2011, STM announced their long term extension plans, which included an extension of the line further into Longueuil. The former Agence métropolitaine de transport (now ARTM) published a study, Vision 2020 in December 2011. The study had plans for the Yellow Line to be extended further into the city of Longueuil along Roland-Therrien Boulevard. The six new stations would connect residential areas, shopping centers, and several schools.

During the 2010s, Longueuil politicians continued to push for an extension of the Metro further south, while the provincial government and the City of Montreal focused on a proposed extension of the Blue Line to Anjou instead.

In 2020, CDPQ Infra (developers of the Réseau express métropolitain) were instructed by the Government of Quebec to develop a public transit plan for South Shore, with the potential of an extension of the Yellow Line. This follows proposals by Réseau de transport de Longueuil and ARTM to build a tramway. In January 2024, CDPQ Infra announced it was withdrawing its proposal to build a line on the South Shore, leaving the local mayors to coordinate with the soon-to-be created provincial government agency for large public transit projects.

Northern extension
An extension of the Yellow Line further into Longueuil could overload the interchange at Berri–UQAM, with a northern extension of the line proposed as mitigation by offering a connection to the Green Line at McGill.

In June 2008, the City of Montreal proposed a number of service improvements and Metro extensions, including extending the Yellow Line from Berri–UQAM to McGill station to ease congestion on that part of the Green Line. In 2018, Québec solidaire proposed a two station extension to McGill, to relieve congestion at Berri–UQAM and connect to the under construction Réseau express métropolitain.

Operation hours and frequency
The Yellow Line operates between 5:30 a.m. and 1:00 a.m on weekdays and Sunday, and between 5:30 a.m. and 1:30 a.m on Saturday. Trains arrive at stations every 3 to 4 minutes during peak periods, every 3 to 10 minutes during off peak periods, and every 5 to 10 minutes at weekends.

Rolling stock
At its opening in 1967, MR-63 cars were used on the Yellow Line. Upon the introduction of the MR-73 cars in 1976, they replaced the MR-63 cars on the line. In 2008, MR-63 cars were once again in use on the Yellow Line, but they began to be retired from 2017. The Yellow Line currently uses 9-car long MR-73 trains at rush hour and during events, and 6-car long train at off-peak hours and weekends.

title: Yellow Line (Montreal Metro)


text: Category:426 deaths

title: Category:426 deaths


text: Category:425 deaths

title: Category:425 deaths


text:
Blue Line (Montreal Metro)

The Blue Line (Ligne bleue), also known as Line 5 (Ligne 5), is one of the four lines of the Montreal Metro in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was the fourth to be built, notwithstanding its alternate official name of "Line 5", as Line 3 was planned but never built. Unlike the other three routes, the east–west Blue Line does not serve the city's main Metro junction at Berri-UQAM.

The line first opened in 1986, with the last addition to the line being an intermediate station in 1988. The line is currently being extended five stations to the east, with completion scheduled for 2030.

History
The Blue Line was first proposed in the early 1970s as an east–west line passing through the centre of the island of Montreal. Construction of Snowdon station began in 1975 as part of the construction of the Orange Line. In 1979, the provincial government confirmed plans to build the Blue Line.

On 16 June 1986, the first section opened, between Saint-Michel and De Castelnau. That was followed by the section from De Castelnau to Parc on 15 June 1987 and Parc to Snowdon on 4 January 1988. The opening of the intermediate station Acadie was delayed for almost three months and occurred on 28 March 1988.

Due to low usage, the line was initially operated from 5:30 am to 7:30 pm on weekdays, and used three-car trains instead of the nine-car trains used on the other Metro lines. Students from the University of Montreal, the main source of Blue Line riders, obtained an extension of the closing time to 11:10 pm and then 12:15 am in 2002. , the line has similar opening hours to other metro lines.

In the 2010s, work began on making the line accessible to all, with the installation of elevators. , three stations on the line are accessible, including both interchange stations at Snowdon and Jean-Talon. In the 2020s, a renovation of Édouard-Montpetit station began to link the station to the new Réseau express métropolitain, which will replace the Deux-Montagnes line with rapid transit.

In January 2023, the Société de transport de Montréal announced that the line would be re-signalled with communications-based train control (CBTC) as part of the work to extend the line eastwards to Anjou. In February 2024, a $217-million contract was awarded to Thales to install CBTC on the line.

Extensions
Initial proposals for the line in the 1970s suggested that the line would run from Ville Saint-Pierre, Lachine, in the west, passing through the centre of the island of Montreal before turning north towards Montréal-Nord.

Eastern extension to Anjou
Following the opening of the line in the 1980s, various governments have proposed extending the line east to Anjou, such as prior to the provincial elections of 1989. Various studies took place to understand the cost and ridership potential of an extension.

The former Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT, now ARTM) published a study, Vision 2020, in December 2011. The study proposed extending the Blue Line northeast of Saint-Michel to Anjou. There were a total of five planned new stations: Pie-IX, Viau, Lacordaire, Langelier and Anjou. The terminus would be located at the Galeries d'Anjou shopping centre, near the junction of Autoroute 25 and Autoroute 40.

On 20 September 2013, a 7 km extension northeast to St. Leonard and Anjou was announced by the STM and the Quebec government. The provincial government announced that the extension would proceed and committed $38.8 million to set up a project office tasked with preparing detailed financial and technical plans within two years. The start of construction was slated for 2021, with completion in 2025.

After the Parti Québécois lost the 2014 provincial election, the future of the Blue Line extension came into question. The successor Liberal government had expressed interest in extending mass transit to Montréal–Trudeau International Airport and implementing a light rail line on the new Champlain Bridge under construction. On 28 May 2014, it was announced that the project would be reviewed by the new provincial government and that, if the project was again approved, construction would start in 2021, which was confirmed in the STM's new 2025 Plan. The project could cost up to $3 billion based on a February 2016 reassessment.

On 9 April 2018, premier of Quebec Philippe Couillard and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced their commitment to fund and complete the extension, then planned to open in 2026. Around $365 million was provided to STM to allow them to purchase land and undertake design and technical work.

In March 2022, it was announced that the federal government had agreed to provide $1.3 billion to the extension, with further costs to be covered by the provincial government. The 6 km extension was set to include five new stations, two bus terminals, a pedestrian tunnel connecting to the Pie-IX BRT and a new park-and-ride. Overall, the project was estimated to cost around $5.8 to $6.4 billion and scheduled to be completed in 2029.

Initial construction work began in August 2022. Procurement work to build the tunnels and stations began in the fourth quarter of 2022, and major construction will follow after contractors are appointed. In January 2023, the STM announced that five Quebec artists – Jocelyne Alloucherie, Ludovic Boney, Nadia Myre, Alain Paiement and Marc Séguin – had been selected to create public art at each of the new stations. In September 2023, construction tenders for the tunnel boring machine were called and an announcement was made that the opening date would be delayed to 2030.

Proposed western extension
The original intent for the Blue Line was that it would extend southwest from Snowdon to serve Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Hampstead, Montreal West and Ville Saint-Pierre. Snowdon station was constructed with a cross-platform interchange to allow easy access to Orange line trains heading downtown.

Operation hours and frequency
The Blue Line operates between 5:30 a.m. and 12:45 a.m on weekdays and Sunday, and between 5:30 a.m. and 1:15 a.m on Saturday. Trains arrive at stations every 5 to 7 minutes during peak periods, every 5 to 10 minutes during off peak periods, and every 8 to 11 minutes at weekends.

Rolling stock
Since the line's opening, Blue Line trains have been made up of MR-73 cars. Each train consists of two segments of three cars, totalling six cars, shorter than the Green, Orange, and Yellow Line trains, which all comprise three segments of three cars, for a total of nine cars. Some nine-car MR-73 trains were transferred from the Orange to the Blue Line, but these had to be shortened to six-car configurations. The train speed is 72 km/h.

The preceding MR-63 train type spent its final day in revenue service on the Blue Line but otherwise rarely appeared on it.

The line is served by Youville Shops, located between Parc and de Castelnau stations. This is located underground and occupies a small portion underneath Jarry Park. Another service facility is located at the 500 m end tracks following Snowdon station but is rarely used by the STM.

title: Blue Line (Montreal Metro)


text:
Shahrokh Shah

Shahrokh Mirza (; 1734–1796), better known by his dynastic title of Shahrokh Shah (شاهرخ شاه) was the Afsharid king (shah) of the western part of Khorasan (corresponding to the present-day Khorasan Province) from 1748 to 1796, with a two-month interruption. A grandson of the Iranian conqueror Nader Shah ((r. 1736 – 1747)), Shahrokh was the son of Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar and his Safavid wife Fatemeh Soltan Begom, who was the sister of Tahmasp II, the penultimate Safavid shah of Iran. Shahrokh's half-Safavid descent made him stand out amongst his Afsharid relatives, and was used to bolster the legitimacy of his grandfather. After the assassination of Nader Shah in 1747, his nephew Ali-qoli Khan (who assumed the regnal name Adel Shah), ascended the throne in Mashhad and had all of Nader Shah's descendants in fortress of Kalat massacred. Shahrokh was spared in case his Safavid lineage would come to use, and was instead kept in the fortress as a prisoner. While Adel Shah was battling his rebellious younger brother Ebrahim Mirza, a party of Turkic, Kurdish, and Arab tribal leaders took advantage of his absence and installed Shahrokh on the throne. Both Adel Shah and Ebrahim were eventually defeated and killed, but Shahrokh was not long afterwards overthrown by a party of dissident tribal leaders, who installed the Safavid pretender Mir Sayyed Mohammad (who assumed the regnal name of Suleiman II) on the throne. Shahrokh was soon blinded at the instigation of Mir Alam Khan Khuzayma and other leading nobles, much against Suleiman II's will.

A group of conspirators led by the Turkic tribal leader Yusuf Ali Khan Jalayir eventually deposed Suleiman II and restored Shahrokh to the throne.

Name
The name of "Shahrokh" (, "king-to-rook") was given to him by his grandfather Nader Shah ((r. 1736 – 1747)) in remembrance of the namesake son and heir of the Turco-Mongol ruler Timur ((r. 1370 – 1405)). This was done by Nader Shah to publicly represent himself as a conqueror on the same level as Timur.

Birth and lineage
After the coronation of the Safavid prince Tahmasp II as shah of Iran in 1730, Nader Shah married one of the latter's sisters, while his eldest son Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar married another of his sisters, Fatimeh Soltan Begom. In March 1734, Shahrokh was born from the union of Reza Qoli Afshar and Fatimeh Soltan Begom. The news reached the court in Isfahan on the day of Nowruz (Iranian New Year), with Nader Shah subsequently appointing Shahrokh the ruler of the city of Herat. With the birth of the half-Safavid Shahrokh, Nader Shah was able to bolster his legitimacy.

Early life
In 1740, after returning from his Indian campaign, Nader Shah minted coins in the name of Shahrokh in Herat. In 1747, as Nader Shah became increasingly paranoid, he had Shahrokh sent to the fortress of Kalat. Nader Shah was soon murdered afterwards, by mutinous officers, on June 21, 1747. His death led to a power vacuum, which resulted in his vast empire being divided by various sovereigns. The eastern parts of his domain were seized by Uzbek and Afghan sovereigns; a former Uzbek commander of Nader Shah named Muhammad Rahim Khan Manghit, deposed Abu al-Fayz Khan and became the new ruler of Bukhara; Ahmad Khan, the leader of the Abdali tribe and formerly part of the Afghan cadre of Nader Shah's army, fled to the city of Naderabad in Kandahar. There he assumed the title of Durr-i Durran ("Pearl of Pearls") and thus changed the name of his Abdali tribe to "Durrani." Ahmad Khan (now titled Ahmad Shah) then went on to conquer what had originally served as the frontier region between the Safavid and Mughal Empire. In Mashhad, its civil governor and superintendent of the Imam Reza Shrine, Mir Sayyed Mohammad drove the Afghans out of the city, securing it for Nader Shah's nephew Ali-qoli Khan, who may have had a hand in his uncle's murder. The latter had accepted the assassins of Nader Shah into his service, and had received an invitation to Mashhad by Mir Sayyed Mohammad. On 6 July 1747, Ali-qoli Khan ascended the throne and assumed the regnal name of Soltan Ali Adel Shah. Around the same time, he sent a small force to capture Kalat. The fortress was nearly impenetrable. However, the attackers got in by using an abandoned ladder on the edge one of the towers, which demonstrates that they had help from the inside. Adel Shah's men then massacred sixteen descendants of Nader Shah. They killed three sons of Nader Shah, five sons of Reza Qoli Mirza, and eight sons of Nasrollah Mirza. Two sons of Nader Shah, Nasrollah Mirza and Imam Qoli Mirza, successfully escaped together with Shahrokh (who was 14 at the time), but they were soon captured near the city of Marv. While the others were executed, Shahrokh was the only one that was spared, in case his Safavid lineage would come to use. He was instead sent back to Kalat, where he was imprisoned. False news regarding his death soon followed.

Preferring to revel in Mashhad, Adel Shah appointed his younger brother Ebrahim Mirza as the governor of Isfahan and its surroundings. Soon thereafter, Ebrahim declared independence and joined forces with his cousin Amir Aslan Khan Afshar, the governor of Azerbaijan. Adel Shah eventually marched against his brother, but many of his men deserted, and consequently he was defeated (in June 1748) and fled to the town of Tehran. There he was captured and blinded by its governor, Mirza Mohsen Khan, who then gave him over to Mir Sayyed Mohammad. The latter took Adel Shah back to Mashhad, where a group of Turkic, Kurdish, and Arab tribal leaders had taken advantage of his absence and declared Shahrokh the new shah on 1 October. Adel Shah was executed at the request of Shahrokh and the mother of Nasrollah Mirza. Shahrokh's compassionate behaviour and generosity with his treasure helped with the stabilization of Khorasan. This, along with his Safavid ancestry, resulted in him gaining a large following. His political and religious ideology differed from that of his grandfather. Contrary to Nader Shah, Shahrokh represented himself as an ardent champion of Twelver Shi'ism in his coins, seals, and documents.

First reign
They summoned Ebrahim to acknowledge Shahrokh in person, but he declined. Pretending to have rebelled in support of Shahrokh, Ebrahim instead invited him to be crowned in Isfahan. The nobles of Khorasan, however, deciphered his true intentions and requested Ebrahim to appear at Mashhad as a token of goodwill. Seeing no further progress in the negotiations, Ebrahim revealed his real agenda and went to the city of Tabriz in Azerbaijan, where he was crowned shah on 8 December 1748. Following the counsel of the tribal leaders, Shahrokh assigned Musa Khan Afshar Taromi with the task to defeat Ebrahim Shah. A battle soon followed in June or July 1749 in the environs of Semnan, where Ebrahim Shah was forced to withdraw as a result of turmoil amongst his troops. Some of his Afghan and Uzbek troops deserted to Shahrokh, while others fled. Ebrahim Shah fled to the fortress of Qal'a-yi Qalapur, but was soon captured and given to Musa Khan Afshar Taromi, who had him blinded. He was then sent to Mashhad, but died en route.

With both Adel Shah and Ebrahim Shah dead, Shahrokh seemed to had been ridden of all his rivals. Although the Qajar chieftain Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar initially defied him, he eventually capitulated to one of Shahrokh's commanders. However, Shahrokh only served as a figurehead, with the real power in the hands of Kurdish, Arabic, and Turkic tribal leaders. These tribal leaders did not share equal power, with those being side-lined joining the opposition against Shahrokh. These dissidents soon rallied around Mir Sayyed Mohammad, who due to his ancestry posed a serious threat to Shahrokh. Mir Sayyed Mohammad's father was Mirza Dawud, who had occupied high offices under the Safavid shah Sultan Husayn ((r. 1694 – 1722)), and married his sister Shahrbanu Begom, the mother of Mir Sayyed Mohammad.

Accounts differ on the relationship between Shahrokh and Mir Sayyed Mohammad; some portray Shahrokh as a hypocrite, who sought to have Mir Sayyed Mohammad killed, while others portray Mir Sayyed Mohammad as a usurper and a trickster, who was willing to do anything to seize the throne. Shahrokh promised Behbud Khan to make him vakil (regent) in exchange for killing Mir Sayyed Mohammad. Behbud Khan, however, declined, and was as a result arrested the following day in front of the court. As a result of this arrest, the Arab tribal leader Mir Alam Khan Khuzayma, along with sixteen other leaders approached Mir Sayyed Mohammad on 30 December 1749, where they offered him the throne, which the latter accepted. The conspirators later took advantage of the Turkic tribal leader Yusuf Ali Khan Jalayir's (the main supporter of Shahrokh) absence from Mashhad, and imprisoned Shahrokh, while installing Mir Sayyed Mohammad on the throne on 14 January 1750. Mir Sayyed Mohammad adopted the regnal name of Suleiman II as a claimant to the Safavid throne.

Imprisonment
Mir Alam Khan (who had been appointed wakil) and the leading aristocrats soon decided that Shahrokh could not be kept alive. Suleiman II, however, was against this and assigned the previous ishikaqasi bashi (chamberlain) Mohammad Reza Beg as the warden of the Chaharbagh palace where Shahrokh was imprisoned. However, when Suleiman II went out to hunt at Radkan, Mir Alam Khan summoned Mohammad Reza Beg, while Amir Khan Qara'i and Amir Mehrab Khan entered the Chaharbagh without facing any resistance, blinding Shahrokh in the harem. Enraged, Suleiman II dismissed the plotters, only to restore them to their former offices a few days after.

Suleiman II soon started to grow unpopular amongst his subjects; he was in conflict with many tribal leaders due to the deposal of Shahrokh and wealthy landowners were discontent with a decree that exempted the people from taxation for three years. Not much long afterwards, the rivals of Suleiman II, under the leadership of Yusuf Ali Khan Jalayir, took advantage of the funeral of Mir Alam Khan's relative Amir Mehrab Khan, storming the Chaharbagh and blinding Suleiman II, who was imprisoned in Kalat. The leading figure behind this coup was the Jalayir wife of Shahrokh, who had convinced the conspirators that Shahrokh had not been blinded. When the tribal leaders discovered that Shahrokh was indeed blind, they put him on the throne anyway (on 20 March 1750), and made everyone believe that he was not blind and capable of ruling. Mir Alam Khan fled from Mashhad, while the other nobles accepted Shahrokh's rule.

Second reign
The political situation in Khorasan was made unstable by these events. The tribal chiefs effectively rendered Shahrokh a figurehead, as they began to fight amongst themselves. Shortly after the restoration of Shahrokh to the throne, Ahmad Shah Durrani launched an invasion into Khorasan and captured Herat after a siege lasting several months. He then besieged Mashhad before moving on to Nishapur on 10 November. The bitter cold wreaked havoc among his men and the resistance led by the governor Jafar Khan Bayat forced him to abandon the siege in early 1751. With Ahmad Shah Durrani gone, the conflicts among the local chieftains resumed.

In 1751, the beglerbegi of Merv, Ali Naqi Khan Qajar, expelled Yusuf Ali Khan Jalayir from Mashhad. Later an alliance between Mir Alam Khan and Jafar Khan Za'faranlu, the Kurdish chieftain of Chenaran, took Mashhad from Ali Naqi Khan. In the spring of 1752, Mir Alam Khan expelled Jafar Khan Za'faranlu from Mashhad and allied with Yusuf Ali Khan. Four months later, Jafar Khan Za'faranlu regained Mashhad. In the Islamic year 1166 (November 1752 - October 1753), Mir Alam Khan regained Mashhad, imprisoned and blinded Yusuf Ali Khan, Jafar Khan Za'faranlu, and Amir Khan Qara'i. These tribal chieftains turned to Ahmad Shah Durrani for assistance, and on 1 May 1754, Ahmad Shah left the city of Kandahar and marched towards Khorasan, beginning his second campaign. In June-July 1754 Tun was captured, and on 23 July he began to besiege Mashhad. During the siege in the autumn of 1754 Mir Alam Khan was captured and executed by his former victims after the population of Sabzevar handed him over. On 1 December Mashhad surrendered to Ahmad Shah and on 9 May 1755 Shahrokh Shah was officially restored as king.

When the Qajar ruler Agha Mohammad Shah reached Mashhad, Shahrokh, along with a prominent mujtahid named Mirza Mahdi, went to the Qajar encampment. There they were warmly received by Agha Mohammad Shah's nephew Hossein Qoli Khan. Shortly afterwards, Agha Mohammad Shah sent a force of 8,000 soldiers under Suleiman Khan Qajar, followed by Mirza Mahdi, to conquer Mashhad and affirm its citizens of the Shah's generosity. A day later, Agha Mohammad Shah, followed the customary of the famous Iranian shah Abbas I the Great, and entered Mashhad by foot as a pilgrim to the Imam Reza shrine, whilst being teary eyed and kissing the ground. His pilgrimage continued for 23 days, where he seemed to be unaware of the politics of the country.

However, things quite instantly changed after that—Agha Mohammad Shah ordered the digging up of Nader Shah's corpse, and had it sent to Tehran, where it was reburied alongside Karim Khan Zand's corpse. He then forced Shahrokh to give any riches that originally belonged to Nader Shah. Shahrokh vowed that he did not possess any more of Nader Shah's riches. Agha Mohammad Shah, ruthless and revengeful, and with a desire for treasures, disbelieved him, and had him tortured severely to confess the hidden locations of the last gems passed down to him from his grandfather, Nader. Shahrokh initially refused to speak, going through severe torture; however, he eventually confessed the locations of the gems. Shahrokh was sent to Mazandaran with his family, but died at Damghan due to the injuries he had suffered from his tortures.

title: Shahrokh Shah


text: Category:450 deaths

title: Category:450 deaths


text:
Sikkim United Democratic Alliance

Sikkim United Democratic Alliance was a short-lived alliance of political parties in Sikkim, India, that was formed in February 2004 by Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Sikkim Himali Rajya Parishad, Organization of Sikkimese Unity (OSU), Sikkim Gorkha Party (SGP), Sikkim Gorkha Prajatantrik Party (SGPP), Sikkim National Liberation Front (SNLF), Nepali Bhutia Lepcha (NEBULA), and Gorkha National Liberation Front as a joint political front.

title: Sikkim United Democratic Alliance


text: Category:408 deaths

title: Category:408 deaths


text:
Bearwood

Bearwood may refer to:

 * Bearwood House, a country house in Berkshire, England
 * Reddam House, Berkshire formerly known as Bearwood College, an independent school located in Bearwood House in Berkshire, England
 * Bearwood, Dorset, a suburb of Poole, England
 * Bearwood and Lower Bearwood, hamlets in the civil parish of Pembridge in Herefordshire, England
 * Bearwood, West Midlands, England

title: Bearwood


text: Category:378 births

title: Category:378 births


text: Category:377 births

title: Category:377 births


text:
Talk:J002E3

Image
Are there any images that better compliment the article than this one? it seems rather roundabout.

 * When I wrote the article I looked for some GFDL or PD images but couldn't find any. This image nicely illustrates though what J002E3 is (apart from the SLA panels) and also showcases what I think is a nice image. If anyone out there knows of any GFDL or PD images feel free the add them. Evil Monkey → Talk 03:00, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * FWIW, NIX only has one image of the S-IVB stage after launch, AS12-50-7328. It's not any good for this. Shimgray | talk | 00:31, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The current image is fine. The SLA panels did not stay attached to the stage. JustinTime55 (talk) 15:34, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

Cruithne
"no other natural object apart from the Moon is in orbit around the Earth" - is this true? Can Cruithne not be described as accompanying the Earth in its orbit? TheVenerableBede 11:13, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 *

 * According to 3753 Cruithne, it "shares Earth's orbit, but does not actually orbit the Earth. Instead, it follows a spiralling path that moves along the Earth's orbit". --Plutor 14:45, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Noted! TheVenerableBede 15:15, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I added it as a "see also" before reading this! Glad to see that it is not just me... -- ALoan (Talk) 15:49, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

However, "Clouds of dust, even fainter than the notoriously weak gegenschein, are also present in the L4 and L5 of the Earth-Moon system." -- Lagrange point. If I understand correctly, this means those dust particles *are* in orbit around the Earth. --DavidCary 04:43, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * An interesting point and something I'd never heard of. After a bit of research I found that they were called Kordylewski Clouds and are thought to be transient events. I've added a small note about them and am planning to write an article about them now. Evil Monkey → Talk 06:24, Dec 28, 2004 (UTC)

---

 * An anonymous user added "...and the sun..." to the sentence about the moon being in orbit of the earth. Do we have a geocentrist infiltrator, or is there something to this? - Montréalais 18:21, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I think he's just experimenting. He also edited Introduction and then edited it straight back. I'll give him a test notice. DJ Clayworth 18:22, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Title
Should this article not be called S-IVB-507? Sine we figured out what it is, the name J002E3 is a bit of a distraction. The S-IVB-507 article could talk about the part's manufacture, testing, and flight as well as its re-discovery as J002E3. It would also be more appropriate then to include pictures of S-IVB-507 from a time when it was much closer to the camera. -- ke4roh (talk) 17:04, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

 * I'd pass on the rename. The article discusses the object as discovered floating through space, and the reason that the engine is notable is specifically because it is space debris sighted during astronomical observations.  Thus it seems most suited that the article use the title when rediscovered.  That the other title is a redirect seems an acceptable solution.  SchuminWeb (Talk) 23:11, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Why was it called "J002E3"? For a supposed natural satellite of the Earth, "S/2002 E 3" would have seemed more logical. Lanthanum-138 (talk) 13:29, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
 * (Answering for myself, almost six years later.) It must be a temporary internal designation; once this was known to almost certainly be artificial, it would surely not have gotten an official temporary designation (and what would be the first and second satellites of Earth found in 2002, then?). Double sharp (talk) 13:19, 24 June 2017 (UTC)

Reimpact risk edit
I added the reimpact risk edit because I'm genuinely curious about the risk if/when this object impacts earth. I'd presume that it'd be roughly the same as lofting a 10 tonne object 60km or so and then dropping it. That is, I'd guess it would be substantial, but smaller than nuclear or even conventional weapons, but smaller than a regular 10 tonne meteor impact from another trajectory. If someone with better knowledge could set my mind at rest about a 10 tonne meteor we might have hurled at ourselves.... Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.199.245.37 (talk) 04:49, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

 * an object of that mass would just burn up in the atmosphere. It's not very big anyway. 86.180.14.20 (talk) 15:35, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

There's a phrase that needs to be rewritten: "These objects entered from low Earth orbit or ballistic trajectory, with less energy than J002E3 might possibly have if it were to enter from Solar orbit." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gustavoexel (talk • contribs) 08:25, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

Identification of paint?
The article says "Further examination revealed that the surface appeared to contain the paint ..." -- im tempted to insert a request for citation -- do anybody know how that was done? Sorenriise (talk) 02:23, 3 August 2014 (UTC)

" ...spectral observations of the object indicated a strong correlation of absorption features with a combination of human-made materials including white paint..." I came to this page from the page about Titanium Dioxide, where it explicitly states ... well, why don't you read it. Last sentence of the paragraph called "Pigment".

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J002E3 as a meme
I find it noteable one can find J002E3's trajectory in a .gif meme related to "the joke" vs "you" situation of missing joke.

Interestingly, in l33t-speak, "joke" can be obfuscated into "jooqee", while 0 can be substitute O, 3 can substitute 3, and 2 looks like calligraphic Q.

Earth MOID
Since the S-IVB stage is an (artificial) quasi-moon of Earth, can't we figure out its Earth MOID, that is, how close to Earth it may come during its current orbit? And it will come close to Earth in the 2040s again, so there should be some estimate how close it would come just like Apophis' perigee is predicted quite precisely now. Glasfaser Wien (talk) 14:00, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:J002E3


text: Category:395 deaths

title: Category:395 deaths