text:
2004 United States presidential election in Texas

The 2004 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 2, 2004, and was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. State voters chose 34 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Texas was won by incumbent Republican President George W. Bush by a margin of 22.87%. Prior to the election, all 12 major U.S. news organizations expected Texas to vote for Bush, considering it to be a safe red state.

Texas has not voted for a Democratic presidential nominee since 1976, and has been a Republican stronghold since the 1980s. A former governor of the state, Bush’s performance stands as a high water mark for Republican presidential candidates in Texas, and remains the last time that a Republican has won more than 60% of the state’s vote, or that a Democrat has won less than 40%. Bush is the last Republican to win any of the following counties in a presidential election: Bexar, Cameron, Culberson, Dallas, and Harris. The 1,067,968 ballots cast in Harris County also marked the first time that any Texas county would cast more than one million votes. However, this is also the last election where Harris County would vote to the left of any of the top 5 most populous counties in the state, with the exception of Tarrant County. Harris County in this election voted to the left of Bexar by approximately only 0.2% of the votes. This is also the last election where the Republican candidate would win Tarrant County with at least 60% of the vote. Starting from 2008, Republicans would win Tarrant county with less than 60% of the vote, and in 2020 Joe Biden would eventually win Tarrant County.

Bush, who made historic gains with Latino voters in 2004, drew even with Kerry among Texan Latinos, winning 49% to Kerry's 50%. As of 2020, this election is the closest a Republican has come to carrying the Latino vote in Texas.

This is the last presidential election in which a Republican candidate has gotten over 60% of the vote due to the increasing Democratic shift in many of the urban counties Bush carried in this election. All of these counties would swing hard towards Barack Obama in 2008.

Primaries

 * 2004 Texas Democratic presidential primary
 * 2004 Texas Republican presidential primary

Predictions
There were 12 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day.

Polling
Bush won every single pre-election poll, and won each with at least 55% of the vote and a double-digit margin of victory. The final three polls averaged Bush leading 59% to 37%.

Fundraising
Bush raised $23,776,943. Kerry raised $5,554,831.

Advertising and visits
Neither campaign advertised or visited this state during the fall election.

Analysis
Texas, located in the South, has become a consistently Republican state at all levels. Economically and racially diverse, Texas includes a huge swath of the Bible Belt where many voters, especially those in rural Texas, identify as born-again or evangelical Christians and therefore tend to vote Republican due to the party's opposition to abortion. Although once part of the Solid South, the last time Texas voted for a Democratic presidential nominee was Jimmy Carter in 1976. George Bush achieved his party's best result in Texas since Ronald Reagan's second landslide in 1984.

President Bush carried 236 of the state's 254 counties, improving on his performance from 2000. East Texas, historically the most Democratic region in the state, solidified its support for the Republican Party with only Jefferson County, home to Beaumont, voting for John Kerry. South Texas, while still voting heavily for Senator Kerry, swung towards Bush as well.

Despite Bush's increased margin in the state compared to 2000, Kerry made major inroads in the state's suburban areas, especially in Metro Houston, the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex, and the Austin area. Kerry narrowed Bush's 2000 margins in Collin, Dallas, Denton, Fort Bend, Harris, Hays, Travis, and Williamson Counties. Out of those, however, only Travis County, home to Austin, flipped into the Democratic column, in part due to the city's strong liberal leanings and opposition to the Iraq War. Bush had won a plurality in the county in 2000 in part due to the Green Party's Ralph Nader winning 11% of the County's vote. Although Bush carried Dallas County by a narrow margin of 50% to Kerry's 49%, the city of Dallas proper voted heavily for Kerry, giving him 57% of the vote.

By county
[[File:Texas County Flips 2004.svg|thumb|County Flips:

Democratic {{legend|#92c5de|Hold}} {{legend|#0671b0|Gain from Republican}}

Republican {{legend|#f48882|Hold}} {{legend|#ca0120|Gain from Democratic}} ]]

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

 * Cameron (Largest city: Brownsville)
 * Culberson (Largest city: Van Horn)
 * Frio (Largest city: Pearsall)
 * Morris (Largest city: Daingerfield)
 * Newton (Largest city: Newton)
 * Reeves (Largest city: Pecos)
 * Robertson (Largest city: Hearne)

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

 * Travis (Largest city: Austin)

By congressional district
Bush won 25 of 32 congressional districts, including four held by Democrats.

Electors
Technically the voters of Texas cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. Texas is allocated 34 electors because it has 32 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 34 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 34 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.

The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 13, 2004, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.

The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 34 were pledged to Bush/Cheney:

 * 1) Royce Hayes
 * 2) Tom Cotter
 * 3) Jay Pierce
 * 4) Marjorie Chandler
 * 5) Lance Lenz
 * 6) Barbara Grusendorf
 * 7) Bill Borden
 * 8) Jim Wiggins
 * 9) Anna Rice
 * 10) Jan Galbraith
 * 11) Sue Brannon
 * 12) Cheryl Surber
 * 13) Mike Ussery
 * 14) Sid Young
 * 15) Frank Morris
 * 16) Roger O'Dell
 * 17) Christopher DeCluitt
 * 18) Martha Greenlaw
 * 19) Marcus Anderson
 * 20) Mike Provost
 * 21) Bennie Bock
 * 22) Kathy Haigler
 * 23) Kim Hesley
 * 24) Peter Wrench
 * 25) Morris Woods
 * 26) Rhealyn Samuelson
 * 27) Nancy Stevens
 * 28) Loyce McCarter
 * 29) Larry Bowles
 * 30) Dan Mosher
 * 31) Glenn Warren
 * 32) Kristina Kiik
 * 33) Susan Weddington
 * 34) Charles Burchett


text: Category:1967 singles

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:1967 singles


text:
The City of Dreadful Night

The City of Dreadful Night is a long poem by the Scottish poet James "B.V." Thomson, written between 1870 and 1873, and published in the National Reformer in 1874, then, in 1880, in a book entitled The City of Dreadful Night and Other Poems. The poem is noted for the pessimistic philosophy that it expresses. It has been argued that the city described in the poem is based on London.

Reception
The poem, despite its insistently bleak tone, won the praise of George Meredith and of George Saintsbury, who in A History of Nineteenth-Century Literature wrote that "what saves Thomson is the perfection with which he expresses the negative and hopeless side of the sense of mystery."

title: The City of Dreadful Night


text:
Bleek

Bleek may mean:

 * Dorothea Bleek (1873-1948), German anthropologist and philologist
 * Friedrich Bleek (1793-1859), German biblical scholar
 * Karl Theodor Bleek (1898-1969), German politician
 * Wilhelm Bleek (1827-1875), German linguist
 * Memphis Bleek or Bleek, stage name of New York rapper Malik Cox (born 1978)
 * Bleek Gilliam, main character of the 1990 film Mo' Better Blues, played by Denzel Washington

title: Bleek


text:
Talk:Qaanaaq

climate
The table says for "Record high °C (°F)" in July tom be "70 (158)". Come on! That CAN'T be true. Highest temperature ever measures in the world is below 60°C (google e.g. The Death Valley) --158.195.4.7 (talk) 09:43, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

large?
By what criteria is this city 'large'? Pavel Vozenilek 01:46, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * By the criteria of north-west Greenland. It is the biggest town for hundreds of miles in every direction, and the biggest town for thousands of miles in all directions except south. It is the only place in the area with air transport connections. Bearing in mind ships can't get here because of the ice for virtually all the year, and that Greenland has no roads except within towns, this is significant. Pcb21| Pete 2 July 2005 11:29 (UTC)

 * Also note that the municipality is the largest in the world in terms of overall surface. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 81.57.219.236 (talk) 09:18, 6 March 2007 (UTC).

 * Well, all the towns in Nunavut are hundreds of miles apart. Aren't all the towns in Greenland also far apart?  Geo Swan (talk) 22:01, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Settlements on the western and southwestern coast are comparatively close to one another. --Algkalv (talk) 22:45, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Radio Mast Thule
Near Qaanaaq there is one of the tallest constructions outside the USA, the Radio Mast Thule.

What is meant by "one of the tallest constructions outside the USA?" The USA does not harbour all tall towers in the world i.e. the CN Tower in Toronto at 555 m. In fact, there are 7 towers taller than this one, and none of them are in the USA. The statement seems arrogant and should be reworded. --Zippanova 4 July 2005 18:35 (UTC)

 * Okay, the article now lists the mast's height at 410m, but the link that it points to lists the height at 378m. Which is correct? Susan Davis 18:11, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I've found references from these pages: http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=870 and http://www.thuleforum.com/north_mountain.htm that the height of the tower was indeed 378m. I've changed the page to show that. --Eptin 23:28, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

The page for Globecom Tower says the tower was demolished in 1992, so the section here should read "there was one of the tallest constructions". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.84.42.153 (talk) 15:33, 7 September 2012 (UTC)

Population of Qeqertarsuaq contradiction
The population of Qeqertarsuaq needs to be revised, since it contradicts the actual Qeqertarsuaq page. I was about to change the number here to the number from the Qeqertarsuaq page, but at the bottom of that page I found this little disclaimer:

"Qeqertarsuaq may also refer to a tiny settlement in Qaanaaq municipality, see Qeqertarsuaq (Qaanaaq settlement)."

So either the population number on this page needs to be changed, or the current [Qeqertarsuaq]] link should be changed to Qeqertarsuaq (Qaanaaq settlement). I don't know anything about this region, so I will leave it to more knowledgeable people. --Eptin 23:26, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Northernmost
I removed the description "northernmost natural settlement" on the basis that it's not at all clear what the criteria for being a "natural settlement" are. It's clearly not the northernmost residential, year round settlement (i.e., as compared to research stations). Longyearbyen and Barentsburg appear to have it beat in that department. --Yst 17:29, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Palindrome
"Qaanaaq is the world's most northerly palindrome." - Come on.... I know this article is still in sort of an infant phase, but such trivia offers the reader little in the way of substantive knowledge. 74.68.123.162 (talk) 15:29, 15 March 2008 (UTC)

Picture

Is this picture of Qaanaaq? The description is unclear.--SkiDragon (talk) 17:41, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, I compared to Google maps satellite photos.--BIL (talk) 09:22, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

Narwhale hunting
Is the picture really showing a narwhale hunting technique? Can't find any other references showing this technique or how it's supposed to work.

How is the inuit supposed to kill the 1600kg whale and bring it to shore? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.91.28.101 (talk) 19:38, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

Is this a joke? It looks like the kayak is flipping over... 140.247.45.74 23:54, 16 September 2011

Do they really waste nothing? Nothing at all?? This sounds like a stereotype of the "good" native. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.218.224.228 (talk) 01:59, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

 * I can see that the kayaker does something with the harpoon and then afterwards balances the kayak (upside down) with the paddle in both hands. Presumably the harpoon is attached to the kayak by a line and the kayak's buoyancy would prevent a tethered narwhal from diving deep, and eventually exhaust it. But yeah, I think this needs a citation.  I'll rephrase this and the 'waste nothing' unsourced statement to something more neutral and evident. – Reidgreg (talk) 14:20, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

Language
"The inhabitants of Qaanaaq speak the West Greenlandic language and many also speak Inuktun." Inuktun is what they actually speak; West Greenlandic is the official language of Greenland, but it's spoken farther south. Is this worth changing? Bws2002 (talk) 18:46, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

 * If you can find a reference in a reliable source, yes, it is worth changing. David Spector (talk) 00:07, 9 June 2013 (UTC)

Diagram
The diagram about population growth is weird. I understand what it is supposed to say, but when you compare the size of the columns, you would expect a population of 6 for 1991. The column for 1991 is about one tenth the size of the column for 2005, so it seems like the population in 1991 was one tenth of the population in 2005. --84.190.89.103 (talk) 08:32, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

Settlement
Qaanaaq was settled in 2000 BC? That's pretty hard to believe. What source is this coming from? 1618033  golden   c0ntr1b5 23:23, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

 * There is evidence of Arctic small tool tradition cultures living in the region about that time – specifically the Independence I culture. That's at the original location, where the airbase is now located. The area was resettled by the Thule culture around 1100–1300 CE. – Reidgreg (talk) 14:28, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

External links modified
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heart shaped
I want to know what type of heart the name Umanaq is referring to ... an anatomically realistic human heart, an animal heart (e.g. a seal maybe?) or a modern-style iconographic heart such as ❤? I know of a folk story from Ojibwe culture in which a strawberry was described as heart-shaped, showing that modern Western culture isnt the only culture to ever make this particular connection, meaning that it could be simultaneously likened to a human heart and to an abstract shape like the ❤. — Soap — 02:03, 9 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Qaanaaq


text:
Dhanvanthi Rama Rau

Dhanvanthi, Lady Rama Rau (1893–1987) was founder and president of the Family Planning Association of India and the International Planned Parenthood Federation. She was married to Sir Benegal Rama Rau, the noted civil servant, and was the mother of Santha Rama Rau, the writer.

Early life
Dhanvanthi was born into a Kashmir Brahmin family as Dhanvanthi Handoo, born and brought up in Hubli (now in Karnataka) and was therefore conversant with Kannada. After schooling in Hubli, she moved to Madras to join the Presidency College, from where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in arts, and was awarded the Griggs Gold Medal in English.

In Madras, she met and married the distinguished economist and diplomat Sir Benegal Rama Rau a Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin and a south Indian from a distinguished family.

Career
She started her career as an assistant professor at Queen Mary's College, Madras.

In 1917, she co-founded the Women's Indian Association along with Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, Jeena Raja Dasa, and others. This organization aimed to address and improve the difficult socio-economic and political conditions women faced during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

In 1932, she attended the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship in Berlin, leading the Indian delegation at the behest of Sarojini Naidu.

In 1946, she was elected president of the All India Women's Conference.

In 1949, she started the Family Planning Association of India.

In 1952, Dhanvanthi co-founded and served as the joint president of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, along with Margaret Sanger.

Awards

 * Kaisir-i-Hind gold medal by the British Government for her work with women's associations.
 * Padma Bhushan by the Indian Government in 1959.

title: Dhanvanthi Rama Rau


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/JKaizer

JKaizer
Appears to be a vanity page. Evil Monkey → Talk 01:46, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Attack page. Entire text is "Kaizer is an incompetent moderator whom has caused many people grief. He also goes by the name greg. He used to be a moderator at PokeCommunity and completely wrecked PokeBoard, a discussion board made by blaze." Only history is change of "which" to "whom". Likely speediable? Samaritan 02:28, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete. Note to the author: If you hate this user with such a passion, put this crap on your talk page. Whatever you do, please don't put it in Wikipedia's article space. --Szyslak 03:12, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * By the way, I can't find a user page for anyone named JKaizer. So perhaps this is not only abuse, but outdated abuse. --Szyslak 03:14, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I deleted this immediately as abuse.-gadfium (talk) 05:29, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/JKaizer


text:
Union station (TTC)

Union is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University of the Toronto subway in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It opened in 1954 as one of twelve original stations on the first phase of the Yonge line, the first rapid transit line in Canada. It was the southern terminus of the line until the opening of the University line in 1963, and is today the inflection point of the U-shaped line. Along with Spadina station and Queens Quay station, it is one of three stations open overnight to support late-night streetcar routes.

Union station is located on Front Street between the Yonge Street and University Avenue sections of the line. It is named for and directly connects to the railway station and regional bus terminal of the same name, serving all GO Transit train lines and train-bus services as well as Via Rail intercity routes (including Amtrak's Maple Leaf service to New York City). It connects to the Union Pearson Express (UPX), a dedicated rail link to Toronto Pearson International Airport. It is the only subway station with a direct connection to Via services.

Based on Toronto's street grid, Union is the southernmost subway station and the closest to Lake Ontario; however, using standard compass directions, Kipling and Islington stations are further south. It serves approximately 100,000 people a day, ranking it as the fourth-busiest station in the system, after Bloor–Yonge, St. George, and Sheppard–Yonge, and the busiest served by only one line. Adjacent to the subway station is an underground terminal loop for the 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina streetcar.

In 2007, Union subway station became the first location on the TTC where Presto cards could be used, as part of a trial. Wi-Fi service has been available at this station since 2014.

History
The station opened as the southern terminus of the original Yonge subway line on March 30, 1954.

On February 28, 1963, Union became a through station with the opening of the University section of the Yonge–University line.

On June 22, 1990, Union became the terminus of route 604 Harbourfront LRT, now part of the 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina streetcar routes. A new underground streetcar platform was built south of the subway tracks, connected to the station concourse by a 30-metre pedestrian tunnel and a flight of stairs.

Elevators were installed in 1996, making Union one of the first wheelchair-accessible subway stations in Toronto. An elevator was added to the streetcar platforms, even though streetcars were not accessible themselves. By the time accessible streetcars began serving the station in 2014, the elevator had been replaced as a part of the station expansion.

On August 18, 2014, a second subway platform was opened to serve Yonge line trains, leaving the existing platform to serve only University line trains.

Station expansion
In 2003, planning began on a station expansion to address overcrowding in the station. Despite being one of the busiest stations in the system, the station had only one narrow island platform serving both the University and Yonge lines, and a small concourse area.

The plan was to build a new subway platform on the south side of the tracks to serve the Yonge portion of the line, leaving the existing island platform to serve only the University portion. This new platform would feature a step-free connection to the streetcar platform. The project also included an expansion of the concourse level, the replacement of all finishes and signage, installation of public art, as well as improved connections to the adjacent Union Station and the PATH network.

At a cost of $137million, construction began in February 2011, with the new second platform opening on August 18, 2014. The project was completed in 2015 with the completion of the station renovation.

In 2019, as part of the rebuilding and expansion of the adjacent Union Station, large glass canopies were installed in the "moat" that connects the subway station to the rest of the Union station complex. This weather-protected route connecting to the main concourses at Union Station ensures that commuters do not need to go outside when entering or leaving the TTC station.

Station decor
When the station opened in 1954, the wall coverings were glossy yellow Vitrolite tiles with red lettering and trim, and the station name on the walls was in the TTC's unique Toronto Subway Font. During renovations in the 1980s, the yellow Vitrolite tiles were replaced with brown ceramic tiles and vinyl siding, and the station font was changed to Univers.

The 2011 to 2015 station expansion replaced these tiles and panels with white tiles and black trim, and the font used to render the station name was returned to its original Toronto Subway typeface.

As part of the second platform project, a glass wall was built to block off the southern side of the old platform, since it now only serves the University line. It features the art piece "Zones of Immersion" by Stuart Reid, a professor at the OCAD University The work comprises 166 large glass panels, each measuring more than one by two metres, extending 170 m along the length of the platform. Mostly transparent, it is visible from both the Yonge and University platforms. Each panel contains images or words, many based on sketches that Reid drew while riding the subway. Public reaction towards the art piece has been mixed, with some users of the station finding it "tragic" or "dark and depressing".

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
The station lies on an east–west axis along Front Street. It is one of three stations on Line 1 with an east–west orientation, the others being and. Leaving the station eastbound, the Yonge leg of the line runs briefly under Front Street and turns 90 degrees north to run under Yonge Street; leaving westbound, the University leg also runs under Front Street, and shortly after turns 90 degrees north to run under University Avenue.

Entrances
North side entrances: South side entrances:
 * Street-level stairs on north side of Front Street
 * Underground connection from Royal Bank Plaza
 * Underground connection from Brookfield Place
 * 2 street-level staircases on south side of Front Street
 * Connections via the "moat" to the Union railway station

Streetcar loop
Union Station Loop is located underground at the north end of a 500 m tunnel running under Bay Street through the underground Queens Quay station from the street Queens Quay. The loop runs anticlockwise on a single track along a curved platform. An underground passage connects the streetcar platform to the Yonge subway platform. Union Station Loop is the eastern terminus of the 509 Harbourfront and southern terminus of the 510 Spadina streetcar route. The loop has a minimum radius of curvature of 14.5 m.

A 2017 TTC report stated that the streetcar loop would become inadequate for the volume of customers it handled because of its single track and its curved, narrow platform. The loop would not be able to handle the peak demand of 3700 people per hour projected for 2041. A 2010 environmental assessment for the East Bayfront LRT (a proposed streetcar line) approved rebuilding the existing streetcar loop plus the construction of a connection from the streetcar tunnel to the East Bayfront LRT on Queens Quay East. The LRT design would have rebuilt the loop to have four platforms, each with a bypass track, so that a streetcar could bypass other streetcars loading or unloading. Expansion of the loop's capacity would be needed in order to support an East Bayfront LRT. In 2017, conversion of the tunnel under Bay Street to operate a funicular shuttle to Queens Quay station instead of streetcars was considered but ultimately rejected. , the conversion of the streetcar loop into a four-platform configuration is in the design stage.

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include the Union Station railway station, the Royal York Hotel, Scotiabank Arena, CIBC Square, Rogers Centre, the Metro Toronto Convention Centre, the CN Tower, Royal Bank Plaza, Brookfield Place, the Hockey Hall of Fame, and the Meridian Hall.

Surface connections
A direct connection between the subway and streetcars within the fare-paid zone is provided for these routes:

Access to these routes is also available while the subway is not running, as the station is open overnight.

A transfer is required to connect between the subway or streetcars and these bus routes at curbside stops:

title: Union station (TTC)


text:
Mehmet Okur

Mehmet Murat Okur (born 26 May 1979) is a Turkish former professional basketball player. Listed at 6ft 11in, he played as a power forward and center.

Okur is known for his three-point shooting and ability to space the floor. In his seven seasons with the Utah Jazz, he emerged as a talented shooter in the NBA. From 2004 to 2010, he displayed a talent for making big shots in pressure situations, earning him the nickname of "the Money Man" and "Memo is Money" among Jazz fans. Okur was also the first Turkish player in NBA history to win an NBA championship with the Detroit Pistons in 2004.

In 2016, Okur was named a player development coach for the Phoenix Suns, becoming the first Turkish citizen to enter the coaching world in the NBA.

Early career
Okur notes Toni Kukoč was his favorite player while he was growing up. He helped the Turkish 22-and-under national team to 6th place at the 1997 world championship. He was transferred to Efes Pilsen (now known as Anadolu Efes) in 2000 and won a championship in the 2001–2002 Turkish Basketball League season. He averaged 13.5 points per game during his last season in Turkey.

Detroit Pistons (2002–2004)
Okur was selected 38th overall in the second round of the 2001 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons. He played two seasons for the Pistons from 2002–03 to 2003–04. On November 7, 2003, Okur led the Pistons to a 105–99 win over the Milwaukee Bucks, with a career-high 18 rebounds and 12 points. During the 2004 NBA playoffs, Okur helped Detroit win the NBA championship in June 2004. He became the first Turkish player to win an NBA championship. Due to salary cap limitations, the Pistons were unable to pay a top-level salary for Okur, and Okur was able to parlay his success into a six-year, US$50 million contract with the Utah Jazz.

Utah Jazz (2004–2011)
Okur signed with the Jazz on 27 July 2004 and played seven seasons in Utah from 2004 to 2011, spending the majority of his career with the team. Standing 6ft 11in and 290 lbs (132 kg), Okur played the center and power forward positions for the Jazz. In his first season (2004–2005) with Utah, he played in all 82 games, starting in 25 of them. Nicknamed "Memo", Okur made his presence felt during his second (2005–2006) season with Utah, increasing his scoring average from 12.9 points per game the previous season to 18.0 points per game. He started in all 82 games for the second straight season, the only Utah Jazz player to do so. In his third season, he continued to be a key player for Utah.

He was named to the Western Conference All-Star team for the 2007 NBA All-Star Game. He and Ray Allen were selected as replacements for injured original members Allen Iverson and Steve Nash. He was the first Turkish player to participate in this event.

On 12 January 2009, Okur scored a career-high in points with 43 against the Indiana Pacers during a 120-113 win.

On 10 July 2009 Okur signed a two-year contract extension reportedly worth approximately $21 million.

On 17 April 2010, Okur ruptured his Achilles' tendon during the first game of the post-season against the Denver Nuggets, eliminating him from the remainder of the NBA playoffs, as well as the World Basketball Championships in his native Turkey later that summer.

He returned on 17 December 2010 and scored 2 points against the New Orleans Hornets.

Türk Telekom Ankara (2011)
In September 2011, Okur signed a contract with Türk Telekom B.K. His contract had an out-clause, which allowed him to return to the NBA when the 2011 NBA lockout was resolved.

New Jersey Nets (2011–2012)
On 22 December 2011, Okur was traded to the New Jersey Nets for a 2015 second round pick (later used to select Pat Connaughton). This reunited him with former Jazz teammate, PG Deron Williams, who was traded to the Nets the previous season. Okur played 17 games for the Nets, averaging 7.6 points, 4.8 rebounds and 1.8 assists per game.

On 15 March 2012, Okur was traded to the Portland Trail Blazers along with Shawne Williams and a 2012 first-round pick (later used to select Damian Lillard in exchange for Gerald Wallace.

He was waived by Portland on 21 March 2012.

Later in 2012, Okur decided to retire from basketball, citing injuries. In Okur's final 2 years in the league, he only played 30 games total. His final game being on January 25, 2012, where he recorded 11 points, 6 rebounds and 3 assists in a 97–90 win over the 76ers.

Coaching career
Before working as a coach, Okur was an ambassador for the Utah Jazz from 2014 to August 2016. On 13 September 2016, he agreed to a deal that made him one of the newest player development coaches for the Phoenix Suns. Okur would soon become the first Turkish-born coach to ever be a part of an NBA coaching staff in some capacity. With the earlier hiring of Canadian Jay Triano, it would also mark the first time that two foreign-born coaches would take part in participating in the Suns' coaching staff at the same time. He would also be reunited with his former teammate Earl Watson and former coach Tyrone Corbin, although their roles would be different with Watson being the head coach and Corbin being an assistant coach.

After seeing slight improvements in his first season as a player development coach, Okur was fired alongside assistant coach Nate Bjorkgren and fellow player development coach Jason Fraser on 22 October 2017. The sudden firing came after the Suns had some very poor performances to start out their 50th anniversary season, leading to a 0–3 start to their season.

Personal life
He is married to actress and former Miss Turkey finalist Yeliz Çalışkan. They have a daughter, Melisa, born on 21 March 2007, and two sons, Yiğit Mehmet Okur, born on 19 February 2010, and Mert Mehmet Okur, born on 19 November 2014. He and his family currently live in San Diego, California.

title: Mehmet Okur


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Intern Tony

Intern Tony
Non-notable. Evil Monkey → Talk 01:48, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --[[User:Ld|Ld | talk]] 02:12, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Some "interns" may be notable broadcast personalities; some I'd imagine are paid and not really interns. ("Next you'll be saying the 'Danger Boy's at all those modern rock stations aren't really boys!") Intern Tony doesn't seem very important to the Dean & Rog Show; article establishes no notablity, no inbound links. *sigh* Delete. Samaritan 02:22, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 02:23, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Cdc 04:28, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
King station (Toronto)

King is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University of the Toronto subway system. The station is located at the intersection of King Street and Yonge Street in Toronto's Financial District. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

History

King station opened in 1954 as part of the first stretch of subway line built in Toronto, between and  stations.

The original address for the station was 70 Yonge Street, which is still used in Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) maps, but the official website uses the address 3 King Street East, which both point to the intersection of the two streets, and the numbers are not used by nearby buildings.

A scissors crossover was installed just north of the station when the line was built, so that trains could easily crossover from one track to another, but was later removed in May 1984 during track rehabilitation because of maintenance costs. In 2012, the TTC decided to restore this crossover, as it would allow trains to turn back during service disruptions after the implementation of automatic train control, which occurred on February 24, 2020.

Station description
The station lies underneath Yonge Street at King Street, and is built on three levels. All five entrances are located on ground level, with three of them being sidewalk staircases from the northeast, southwest, and southeast corners of the Yonge Street and King Street intersection. The northwest corner entrance is through Scotia Plaza, and a semi-automatic entrance from Commerce Court East at 21 Melinda Street is staffed by a collector during rush hour. There is also an "exit only" sidewalk staircase from the southbound subway platform, just south of Melinda Street. There are no elevators in this station, and it is not accessible for persons with physical disabilities.

Below ground level are two separate concourses, located under King Street (north concourse), and under Commerce Court (south concourse). All entrances and exits connect to the north concourse except for ones along Melinda Street. Below the concourses are the subway platforms, connected by stairs and one escalator to the northbound platform on weekdays from 3:00 pm to 6:30 pm.

Gateway Newsstands located in the north concourse is the only tenant in the station.

Station improvements
As part of its Public Art Program announced in June 2017, the TTC intends to install an artwork titled Light Canopy by artist Sean Martindale. The work is an animated lighting system to be set into the ceiling above the stairwell at King station's western entrance, and will give passers-by the feeling of passing under tree foliage.

As part of its Easier Access program, construction started in January 2023 to add elevators to the side platforms; they will connect the north- and southbound platforms to the street level concourse.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
North of the station, the subway travels through a scissors crossover through its tunnels underneath Yonge Street, past Queen Street, and into Queen station. South of the station, the subway continues underneath Yonge Street, until it reaches Front Street, where it turns 90 degrees west and passes through a crossover into Union station.

Nearby destinations
The destination for many people using King station is the financial district and its numerous office towers, connected to the station by the underground PATH system of pedestrian tunnels. These include the Canadian Pacific Building, Scotia Plaza, Commerce Court, Toronto-Dominion Centre and First Canadian Place.

This is also the closest station to One Yonge Street, the King Edward Hotel, St. James Cathedral, Toronto Sculpture Garden, St. Lawrence Hall and the St. Lawrence Market.

Surface connections

A transfer is required to connect between the subway system and these surface routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

title: King station (Toronto)


text:
Inferno (comics)

Inferno, in comics, may refer to:

 * Inferno (DC Comics), a character from the DC Comics series Legion of Super-Heroes
 * Inferno (Mighty Crusaders), a character from DC's time leasing the Mighty Crusaders licence
 * Inferno, the name of an alternate version of Legion of Super-Heroes member Sun Boy
 * Inferno (Marvel Comics), a 1989 storyline between Marvel Comics titles in which the X-Men battled demons
 * Inferno, a number of characters in Marvel Comics:
 * Inferno (demon), the name of a demon in appearing in Marvel Comics as an enemy of Ghost Rider
 * Inferno (Joseph Conroy), an opponent of the Avengers
 * Inferno (Samantha McGee), a member of the Exemplars
 * Inferno (Dante Pertuz), an Inhuman with the ability to light himself aflame
 * Inferno!, a Warhammer anthology magazine mixing text and comic stories
 * "Inferno", a Judge Dredd story written by Grant Morrison
 * Inferno (Caliber Comics), a title from Caliber Comics
 * Inferno (Image Comics), a character from Image Comics and member of the Vicious Circle

title: Inferno (comics)


text:
Agnes of Waiblingen

Agnes of Waiblingen (1072/73 – 24 September 1143), also known as Agnes of Germany, Agnes of Franconia and Agnes of Saarbrücken, was a member of the Salian imperial family. Through her first marriage, she was Duchess of Swabia; through her second marriage, she was Margravine of Austria.

Family
She was the daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Bertha of Savoy. She was named after her paternal grandmother, Agnes of Poitou. She had two siblings, Adelaide/Adelheid and Henry, who died in infancy, and two brothers, Conrad, and Henry. Her mother died when she was around 15, and around 17, her father remarried to Eupraxia of Kiev.

First marriage
In 1079, aged seven, Agnes was betrothed to Frederick, a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty; at the same time, Henry IV invested Frederick as the new duke of Swabia. The couple married in 1086, when Agnes was fourteen. They had two sons and three daughters:
 * Frederick II of Swabia
 * Conrad III of Germany
 * Gertrud, who married Hermann III, Count Palatine of the Rhine
 * Heilika, who married Frederick III of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld-Hopfenche
 * Richildis, who married Hugh I, Count of Roucy

In 1977, German genealogist and historian Hansmartin Decker-Hauff revealed the existence of several other children he claimed to have found in documents from the abbey of Lorch, the Staufers' family monastery. These claims were later exposed as forgeries. Historian Heinz Bühler's suggestion that Berta of Boll, the wife of Count Adalbert of Elchingen-Ravenstein, was Agnes' and Frederick's daughter is purely speculative.

Second marriage
Following Frederick's death in 1105, Agnes married Leopold III (1073–1136), the Margrave of Austria (1095–1136). According to a legend, a veil lost by Agnes and found by Leopold years later while hunting was the instigation for him to found the Klosterneuburg Monastery.

Their children were:
 * Adalbert
 * Leopold IV
 * Henry II of Austria
 * Berta, married Heinrich III, Burgrave of Regensburg
 * Agnes, "one of the most famous beauties of her time", married Wladyslaw II of Poland
 * Ernst
 * Uta, married Luitpold I, Count of Plain
 * Otto of Freising, bishop and biographer
 * Conrad, Bishop of Passau, and Archbishop of Salzburg
 * Elisabeth, married Hermann, Count of Winzenburg
 * Judith, married c. 1133 William V of Montferrat. Their children formed an important Crusading dynasty.
 * Gertrude, married Vladislav II of Bohemia

According to the Continuation of the Chronicles of Klosterneuburg, there may have been up to seven other children (possibly from multiple births) stillborn or who died in infancy.

In 2013, documentation regarding the results of DNA testing of the remains of the family buried in Klosterneuburg Abbey strongly favor that Adalbert was the son of Leopold and Agnes.

In 1125, Agnes' brother, Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, died childless, leaving Agnes and her children as heirs to the Salian dynasty's immense allodial estates, including Waiblingen.

In 1127, Agnes' second son, Konrad III, was elected as the rival King of Germany by those opposed to the Saxon party's Lothar III. When Lothar died in 1137, Konrad was elected to the position.

title: Agnes of Waiblingen


text:
User talk:Weasleyismyking

Your user name is "Weasleyismyking," huh? Well, Ron wouldn't want you making up stuff about the Harry Potter universe, now would he? Therefore, I suggest you stick to the facts which are stated in the books.

title: User talk:Weasleyismyking


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The Natural Step

The Natural Step is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in Sweden in 1989 by scientist Karl-Henrik Robèrt. The Natural Step is also used when referring to the partially open source framework it developed. Following publication of the Brundtland Report in 1987, Robèrt developed The Natural Step framework, setting out the system conditions for the sustainability of human activities on Earth; Robèrt's four system conditions are derived from a scientific understanding of universal laws and the aspects of our socio-ecological system, including the laws of gravity, the laws of thermodynamics and a multitude of social studies.

The Natural Step has pioneered a "Backcasting from Principles" approach meant to advance society towards greater sustainability. Whole-systems thinking and backcasting from sustainability principles form the basis for numerous applications and tools to plan and (re-)design organisational strategy, organisational processes, product/service innovation and business models. Its biggest advantage is the concept of 'simplification without reduction' to prevent getting lost in the details with the complex topic of sustainability. For almost 30 years, the approach has been implemented, proven and refined in education, research, businesses, municipalities, regional and national governments, inter-governmental organisations (e.g. UN, EU) and a multitude of NGOs around the world.

Currently, The Natural Step has offices in 12 countries and numerous associates and ambassadors in more than 50 countries. Next to the Five Level Framework and the TNS Framework (or Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development), the TNS 'theory of change' shows an integrated cascaded approach to accelerate change towards a sustainable society by collaboration on individual, organisational and multi-stakeholder system level. Change programs and transition Labs include Future-Fit Business Benchmark and the Alberta, Canada energyfutureslab.

The Natural Step (TNS), an approach used to guide sustainability efforts in organizations, involves implicit and explicit precautions judgments that may limit growth. But these limits may be difficult for companies and individuals to adhere to. Some implicit precautions are that TNS avoids making judgments about specific levels of damage thresholds or critical concentrations because they are uncertain and can cause disagreements. TNS recommends actions to reduce dependence on certain materials and activities, but these recommendations assume that critical thresholds have already been breached. Some explicit precautions are TNS rate corollaries include avoiding the extraction, production, or dispersion of materials at a faster rate than their breakdown in nature and avoiding harvesting or manipulation of nature in a way that reduces productivity and diversity, and infrastructure development in human history would not have been possible had the TNS systems conditions and these first intended corollaries have been adhered to.

Towards sustainability
Sustainability essentially means preserving life on Earth, including humanity - or the well-being of the socio-ecological system and it's subsystems over time. As also expressed in the 1987 Our common future report (a.k.a. the Brundtland report) meeting the needs of humans is central in sustainable development, however, it does not state which needs. Attempting to satisfy those human needs (whether 'real' or created) also are the root causes of many of societal (incl. ecological) challenges we face today. The Natural Step differs between fundamental human needs and their satisfiers (Manfred Max-Neef) and between real needs and created desires.

The Natural Step believes the root causes for unsustainability should be taken into account when designing for sustainable solutions and satisfaction of fundamental needs. These root causes are derived from a scientific understanding of our socio-ecological systems – the interactions between humans in society and between humans, their organisations and the ecosystem.

It was found that ecosystem functions and processes are systematically altered in the following ways (thereby degrading the ecosystem services and resources they provide): Simultaneously, societal systems can be degraded by several factors (thereby eroding trust in the systems and trust in the individuals, organisations and institutes it consists of):
 * Society mines and disperses materials from the lithosphere into the biosphere faster than they are returned to the Earth's crust (examples include oil, coal, minerals such as Phosphors and metals such as mercury and lead).
 * Society produces and concentrates substances faster than they can be broken down by natural processes — if they can be broken down at all (examples of such substances include plastics, dioxins, DDT and PCBs).
 * Society encroaches on ecosystems faster than they can regenerate (for example, over-harvesting of natural resources including trees, fish, fresh water), or by other forms of ecosystem manipulation (for example, paving over fertile land or causing soil erosion).
 * Society allows structural obstacles to: health (of individuals in the system); influence (of how the system is organised), competence (development to understand context and to become the best one can be); impartiality (equal treatment) and meaning-making (a larger purpose).

Overview
The 5 Level Framework (5LF) is a comprehensive model for planning and decision making in complex systems based on whole systems thinking. It comprises 5 levels: 1) System, 2) Success, 3) Strategic Guidelines, 4) Actions and 5) Tools. It can be used to analyze any complex system of any type or scale (e.g. human body, the game of chess or soccer, an organization, a sustainability concept) and helps to plan, decide and act strategically towards success based on principles determined by the working of the system (e.g. treat cancer, win chess or soccer, manage a successful business, design useful tools).

When the 5LF is applied to the socio-ecological system (or society within the biosphere) it is called the Natural Step Framework, or the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD). As a framework it helps to see the BIG picture of the workings and functions of our ecological and social systems and institutions, current trends and our sustainability challenge, how we as a society negatively influence the functioning of the socio-ecological system (System), what systems conditions should be met for it to not to be negatively influenced (Success) and how to strategically plan towards that (Strategic Guidelines) with prioritised actions (Actions) selecting (or designing) and applying the appropriate tools for those (Tools).

Since its creation by Dr. Karl Henrik Robert in 1989, the framework has been reviewed by many scientists, is under constant development and has been an inspiration to other tools and concepts in the area of sustainable development. The framework has been tested in hundreds of organizations (businesses, governments, neighborhoods, NGO's) around the world. Based on experience with the framework specific guidelines, methods and applications have been developed and refined to accelerate and improve the application of the framework.

The Sustainability challenge
To explain the sustainability challenge, the metaphor of a funnel is used. The walls closing in represent the many (systematic and often exponentially increasing) trends impacting upon, and degrading, the system e.g.; decreasing number and quality of natural resources and ecosystems, the stricter laws and regulations, degrading interpersonal and person-to-person trust, increasing toxicity levels, growing human population, increase in demands for resources, etc. The walls of the funnel are getting closer and closer over time limiting the room to maneuver. Individuals, organisations and society are hitting the walls of the funnel over time e.g.: victims of climate change-related weather events, stricter laws and regulations, depleting fish stocks, increased number of cancer occurrences, air-, water-, soil pollution, erosion of trust, financial crises, bankruptcies due to price increases of scarce resources, land erosion, etc.

Overview of the science - Systems functions
Behind the framework there is a science-based understanding of the dynamic interrelationships within and between socio-ecological sub-systems and is based (a.o.) on study of ecosystems, laws of nature (including thermodynamics, conservation laws, laws of gravity, biogeochemical cycles, photosynthesis, systems thinking, flows of resources and wastes), social systems, social institutions (including trust and fundamental human needs), psychology.

In order to be able to create a structured overview and not to be confused with more downstream or detailed information only the logic of the concepts are explained here.

Ecological System
Earth's biosphere is an open system with regards to energy. Energy comes in the form of sunlight and energy leaves in the form of heat radiation. Earth's biosphere is a (relatively) closed system regarding matter, some meteorites and dust enter and only limited matter leaves due to gravity (e.g. some space rockets, dust).

The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics (LoTD) and Laws for conservation of matter (LCoM) set limiting conditions for life on earth: The First Law says that energy is conserved; nothing disappears, its form simply changes (e.g. heat, movement). Another way of stating this is: "Energy cannot be created, or destroyed, only modified in form." The implications of the Second Law and second law of conservation of matter, are that matter and energy tend to disperse over time. For matter this is referred to as "entropy." Putting the different laws together and applying them to our planetary system, the following facts become apparent:
 * All the matter that will ever exist on earth is here now (1st LCoM).
 * Disorder increases in all closed systems and the Earth is a closed system with respect to matter (2nd LCoM). However, it is an open system with respect to energy since it receives energy from the sun, and radiates waste heat to space.
 * Sunlight, or energy radiation, (LoTD) is responsible for almost all increases in net material quality on the planet through photosynthesis and solar heating effects. Chloroplasts in plant cells take energy (and minerals and oxygen) from sunlight for plant growth (Sugars, structure, oxygen). Plants, in turn, provide energy for other forms of life, such as animals. Evaporation of water from the oceans by solar heating produces most of the Earth's fresh water. This flow of energy from the sun creates structure and order from the disorder.
 * The global ecosystem and its local ecosystems evolved over time into a complex adaptive system with many interdependencies.

Social system
A social (sub-)system also is a complex adaptive system. Trust is essential in the smooth workings of societal systems and can be seen as the glue binding society (economically, politically, socially). A lack of trust, e.g. in the future and each other, creates societal unrest and instability as individuals and (sub-)systems within society will attempt to continue to satisfy Individual fundamental human needs (as articulated by Manfred Max-Neef, among others).

Being able to keep one's health, influence of how the system is organised, learn & develop to become the best one can be; equal treatment and pursuing a larger purpose are important factors to trust and 'believe in' the system one is part of.

Human influence
Based on the whole-system understanding and research focusing on the causes rather than the effects of unsustainability within the socio-ecological system lead to 8 main causes of unsustainability.

These main causes of unsustainability are in two groups of, as follows:

 * The ecological system is systematically subject to:
 * 1) Concentrations of substances extracted from the Earth's crust (e.g. mining of fossil fuels, metals, minerals)
 * 2) Systematic increases in concentrations of substances produced by society (e.g. creation of plastics, toxins, purified substances, sugar, nanochemicals)
 * 3) Systematic increases in physical degradation of ecosystems (e.g. deforestation, over-harvesting, fishing methods, unnatural barriers, introduction of exotic species, leakages of extracted or created substances)

 * The people in the social systems are systematically subject to barriers to trusting relationships, due to structural obstacles to:
 * 1) Health, i.e. injury and illness (physical, physiological, psychological, emotional) (e.g. dangerous working contortions or insufficient rest)
 * 2) Influence, i.e. inability to participate in shaping the social systems of which they are a part (e.g. suppression of free speech, opinions ignored)
 * 3) Competence, i.e. inability to develop and increase proficiency individually or together (e.g. obstacles to education - informal, formal or professional)
 * 4) Impartiality, i.e. treated differently for any reason other than competency (e.g. sexism, racism, homophobia, classism, etc.)
 * 5) Meaning-making, i.e. hindered from creating and co-creation meaning in our lives (e.g. suppression of cultural expression, etc.)

These latter 5 are the result of recent research led by Dr Merlina Missimer. By providing significant granularity on the root causes of social systemunsustainability, it is increasingly replacing the previous single, and very high-level, cause of social system unsustainability:
 * Systematic increases in setting barriers for peoples capacity to meet their needs (e.g. inequality, discrimination, long working hours, access to healthcare, torture, right to demonstrate or vote, land grabbing, corruption, deny education). For example the Future-Fit Business Benchmark uses the 8 causes of unsustainability.

Previously, these were called the system conditions to be met so as not to degrade the socio-ecological system.

FSSD Success Level
In 1989, Robèrt wrote a paper describing the system conditions for sustainability, given these laws of nature amongst others. He sent it to 50 scientists, asking that they tell him what was wrong with his paper. On version 22, Robèrt had scientific consensus on what was to become The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) (Originally The Natural Step Framework. This was first published in a peer-reviewed academic journal in 1991 under the title "From the Big Bang to Sustainable Societies".

Since then there have been 2 more rounds of scientific consensus on the Framework, one was initiated by Paul Hawken in the USA (1994), one took place in Australia. Since the initial version several changes to the wording of the principles have been made (2001, 2006, 2015)., and an ongoing program of additional research, application and practice around the world.

Sustainability principles
The current FSSD's definition of sustainability includes eight sustainability principles (first order scientific principles) or criteria for redesign. The first three are ecological sustainability principles, the latter five as social sustainability principles. Together they describe a strongly sustainable society within a strongly sustainable ecological system:

"In a sustainable society nature is not subject to systematically increasing concentrations of…
 * 1) … substances extracted from the Earth's crust;
 * 2) … substances produced as a byproduct of society ;
 * 3) … degradation by physical means,

…and people are not subject to structural obstacles to…
 * 1) … health;
 * 2) … influence;
 * 3) … competence;
 * 4) … impartiality; and
 * 5) … meaning-making

Again, the last five social sustainability principles extended a single social sustainability principle: (Missimer, et al.,2017)
 * "and in that society… people are not subject to conditions that systematically undermine their capacity to meet their needs." (Henrik Ny, et al., 2006)

The eight sustainability principles can be reworded, to simplify understanding and to apply to any society, organization or product. In short, to become a sustainable society we must: ''
 * 1) … eliminate our contribution to the progressive buildup of substances extracted from the Earth's crust;
 * 2) … eliminate our contribution to the progressive buildup of chemicals and compounds produced by society;
 * 3) … eliminate our contribution to the progressive physical degradation and destruction of nature and natural processes; and
 * 4) ''… eliminate our contribution to structural obstacles to: health; influence; competence; impartiality and; meaning-making. [4]

The negative wording is often debated as the use of 'not' can have a negative emotional connotation. As in a game with game rules, it doesn't tell you everything you should do, they leave that up to the imagination of the players, they allow you to do anything as long as it is within all agreed rules of the game. The restrictions set by these 'rules of the game' stimulate creativity as they are applied in personal, professional or community planning and decision-making. On the success level organizations, institutes and individuals add their own (secondary) principles of success based on their specific context or needs.

Strategic
Often confused with Strategy. To be able to be strategic, one needs to know where one wants to be or where one is heading.

Backcasting
The framework bases its planning approach on a concept called backcasting and more specifically backcasting from sustainability principles. Backcasting is the process of moving backwards from an imagined vision of success. One begins with an end in mind, moves backwards from the vision to the present, and moves step-by-step towards the vision. It is essentially placing ourselves in the future, imagining that we have achieved success and looking back to ask the question: “What do we need to do today to reach that successful outcome?”. Instead of picturing how success could look like, backcasting is advocated from a principled vision of success in which specific conditions are met creates a shared understanding of success.

Different general strategies can be applied to reach success based on a general understanding of the system including:
 * Dematerialisation across the entire life cycle of a product or process.
 * Substitution of materials that do not comply with the sustainability principles by those that do.
 * Applying the precautionary principle
 * Applying the ' Golden rule ' ( 'do not do to others what you do not want them to do to you')

FSSD - Actions
The actions that you can do within the strategy to reach success within the system e.g. Raise awareness on specific sustainability topics, education programs on what sustainability is and how it could be approached, selecting different suppliers based on sustainability criteria, designing or implementing policies, analyze the life cycle of a product, create a sustainability report, facilitate a dialogue with specific stakeholders around a particular challenge, etc.

FSSD - Tools Level
A variety of tools and concepts can be supportive when addressing sustainability. Informed by the framework and priorities of actions can help to select and implement the appropriate tools. Tools can then be optimally used: for the purpose they were designed to do together with other complementary tools.

ABCD Method
The ABCD method is the approach with which the framework backcasting from the 8 sustainability principles can be applied to an organization. The letters represent the following steps (FSSD academic ABCD and TNS ABCD method differ slightly):

A: Awareness and visioning. After understanding the system your organization works within and the principles, members of the organization create a vision on how they would like the organization to be. Organisations should also identify the service they provide, independent of the product, sparking more creative goals.

B: Baseline assessment. The organisation analyses and maps what it has been doing currently and evaluates it based on the 4 principles. It allows for the organisation to identify critical issues, implications and opportunities.

C: Creative solutions. Members of the organisation brainstorm for solutions to the issues raised previously, without constraint. With the vision and potential actions, organisations backcast to develop strategies for sustainability.

D: Decide on priorities. The organisation prioritizes the different actions developed previously that help gear it to sustainability in the fastest and most optimal way, by asking a set of questions: by asking: i) Does this action move us in the right direction? ii) Can this action be built upon in future? iii) Does this action bring an acceptable financial, ecological and/or social return on investment?. This step involves step-by-step implementation and planning.

Backcasting is continually used to assess and evaluate the actions, to determine if the organisation is moving towards the vision set in 'A'.

Interfaces with other tools and concepts
Much research has been done on the interfacing of the FSSD with other known tools and concepts within the sustainable development arena (Interfaces with most sustainability tools and concepts have been described). Below various examples:
 * Factor X; Factor 4; Factor 10; biological footprinting; IS0 14001; EMAS; EMS
 * Global Reporting Initiative - Mind The Gap! Strategically Driving GRI Sustainability Reporting Towards Sustainability.

Tools based on the Framework
Furthermore, various tools and other forms of support have been developed by and in collaboration with TNS. Others have been inspired by, or based upon the TNS framework, some more rigorous than others. Below various examples:
 * Future-Fit Business Benchmark co-developed with TNS practitioners
 * Strategic Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA)
 * VinylVerified Product Label a product label for specific PVC building applications in Europe.
 * Living Building Challenge (LBC)
 * Sustainable Apparel Coalition Higgs Index, or Materials Sustainability Index as originally developed by Nike in collaboration with The Natural Step.

Applications of the Framework
The framework is applicable to organisations (of any sector, size, location), processes, products, services, business models. It can be used to analyse other sustainability tools and concepts and strengthens other tools by placing them in the context and focus on what they are designed to do.

When applied correctly, also the business case for sustainability and the sustainability case for business are taken into account to create inspiring cases and best practices. Sustainable Growth Associates, representing The Natural Step Germany adapted the generic ABCD approach into an ADVISE approach applicable to business strategy.

On making change happen
In an article in In Context (1991), Robèrt described how The Natural Step Framework would create change:

I don't believe that the solutions in society will come from the left or the right or the north or the south. They will come from islands within those organizations; islands of people with integrity who want to do something...

This is what a network should do — identify the people who would like to do something good. And they are everywhere. This is how the change will appear — you won't notice the difference. It won't be anyone winning over anyone. It will just spread. One day you don't need any more signs saying "Don't spit on the floor," or "Don't put substances in the lake which can't be processed." It will be so natural. It will be something that the intelligent people do, and nobody will say that it was due to The Natural Step or your magazine. It will just appear.

Eco-municipalities, based on the Natural Step's system conditions, originated in Sweden. Over 80 municipalities and several regions (25 percent of all Swedish municipalities) have adopted the TNS sustainability principles based on the system conditions. There are now 12 eco-municipalities in the United States and the American Planning Association has adopted sustainability objectives based on the same principles. Communities such as Whistler and Dawson Creek,

In addition to the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, corporations such as Interface, Nike, Inc., ICI Paints, Scandic Hotels, Max Hamburgers, and IKEA have also adopted the framework and have become more sustainable as a result. Each of these companies have completely re-thought their business and have examined and changed all their processes including purchase of materials, manufacturing, transportation, construction of facilities, maintenance and waste management.

The Natural Step was introduced to the Northwest region of the United States through three one-day conferences introduced by Northwest Earth Institute.

title: The Natural Step


text:
C. E. Webber

Cecil Edwin Webber (sometimes known by the nickname "Bunny"; 9 April 1909 – June 1969) was a British television writer and playwright. He is best remembered as one of the co-creators of the science-fiction series Doctor Who while working as a staff writer for the BBC in the early 1960s.

Doctor Who
Webber participated in many crucial early development meetings, and co-wrote the first format document for the series with Donald Wilson and Sydney Newman. Webber and his scripts were ultimately not used as he was felt to not be capable of 'writing down' to the level required of the programme. However, his draft script for the proposed first episode formed the basis of the broadcast first episode eventually written by Anthony Coburn. Webber received a co-writer's credit on internal BBC documentation for the episode, although not on screen.

Webber submitted a Doctor Who pilot entitled "Nothing at the end of the Lane", suggested in early May 1963 under the programme's developing format guide. The story would feature Biddy and her teachers, Lola and Cliff, who would encounter Biddy's grandfather, "Doctor Who", and his time machine. "Nothing at the end of the Lane" was soon replaced by Webber's The Giants, which would be a four-part serial to be directed by Rex Tucker. The story would feature Lola and Cliff in search of their student, Sue, and meet an old man in the fog. Calling him "Dr. Who", they find out that his home is a time machine disguised as a police telephone box. Unexpectedly, they are shrunken to an eighth of an inch in size. They then go to Cliff's laboratory and are menaced by a microscope lens, spiders, a student's compass, and caterpillars. Cliff manages to communicate with the students, and both return to Dr. Who's time machine.

In production, the names of the companions changed to Ian, Barbara and Susan, while the Doctor's name, "Dr. Who", would go unused. The Giants was abandoned in June 1963 in favour of An Unearthly Child, because Doctor Who creator Sydney Newman disliked the idea of putting caterpillars and spiders as monsters in the story.

Other work
Webber's published stage plays included Be Good, Sweet Maid (1957), Out of the Frying Pan (1960) and The Mortal Bard (1964).

Other television shows he wrote or created for the BBC included the 1961 action adventure serial Hurricane, the 1962 children's comedy William, starring Dennis Waterman, based on the books by Richmal Crompton, and in 1964 episodes of the Thorndyke detective series.

title: C. E. Webber


text:
Santha Rama Rau

Santha Rama Rau (24 January 1923 – 21 April 2009) was an Indian-born American writer.

Early life and background
While Santha's father was a Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin from Canara whose mother-tongue was Konkani, her mother was a Kashmiri Brahmin from the far north of India, who had however grown up in Hubli.

In her early years, Rama Rau lived in an India under British rule. When aged 5 and a half, with her 8-year-old sister Premila, she briefly attended an Anglo-Indian School where the teacher anglicized their names. Santha's name was changed to Cynthia and her sister's was changed to Pamela. The environment there they found to be condescending, as their teacher told them that "Indians cheat". They walked home, and never returned to that school. The incident was recounted in Rama Rau's short memoir entitled "By Any Other Name".

Career
When India won its independence in 1947, Rama Rau's father was appointed as his nation's first ambassador to Japan. While in Tokyo, Japan, she met her future husband, an American, Faubion Bowers. After extensive traveling through Asia and a bit of Africa and Europe, the couple settled in New York City, New York. Rama Rau became an instructor in the English language faculty of Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, New York, in 1971, also working as a freelance writer.

She adapted the novel A Passage to India, with author E. M. Forster’s approval, for the theater. The play of the same name was produced for the Oxford Playhouse, Oxford, United Kingdom, moved to the West End in London, United Kingdom, in 1960 for 261 performances, and then on to Broadway in New York City where it was staged 109 times. It was adapted by John Maynard and directed by Waris Hussein for BBC television's Play of the Month in 1965. Although the film rights originally required Rama Rau to write the screenplay, director David Lean found her draft unsatisfactory and was able to reject it, although she is still credited in the titles because he still used some of her dialogue.

Rama Rau is the author of Home to India, East of Home, This is India, Remember the House (a novel), My Russian Journey, Gifts of Passage, The Adventuress, (a novel), View to the Southeast, and An Inheritance, as well as co-author (with Gayatri Devi) of A Princess Remembers: the memoirs of the Maharani of Jaipur.

Personal life
She married Faubion Bowers in 1951 and had one son, Jai Peter Bowers in 1952. The couple divorced in 1966. In 1970, Rama Rau married Gurdon B. Wattles, and had no children. Faubion Bowers died in November 1999.

title: Santha Rama Rau


text:
Queen station

Queen is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located under Yonge Street north from Queen Street to Shuter Street. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

History
Queen Station opened in 1954 as part of the original stretch of the Yonge subway line from to  stations. The original address given to the station, 171 Yonge Street, is still commonly used in Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) system maps, but this address is not used for any nearby buildings and points to the actual intersection. The address provided by the TTC website, 3 Queen Street East, is located across from the Maritime Life Tower, by the 1 Queen Street East subway entrance.

In 1997, this station became accessible with elevators.

On December 13, 2013, the Toronto Police were called in after gun shots were fired on board a subway train at the station. The Passenger Assistance Alarm was pressed, and the station was evacuated soon after. A man in his 20s was shot and was rushed to nearby St. Michael's Hospital in life-threatening condition, but stable on the day after. The station continued to be closed on December 14, 2013, with subway service from to  stations being replaced by shuttle bus service.

Lower Queen
Early subway expansion plans called for an east–west subway for streetcars under Queen Street, and a lower Queen station for these was roughed-in under the subway station. Priorities changed and the line was never built, but many people unknowingly pass through this lower station every day; two pedestrian tunnels, which go under the Line 1 tracks to allow riders to move between the northbound and southbound platforms, use portions of this intended station, with most of the excess infrastructure walled off. The roughed-in streetcar station is accessed from a locked door along one of the pedestrian tunnels. The second pedestrian tunnel occupies the westbound streetcar platform area. An elevator shaft occupies part of Lower Queen. The streetcar platforms are low-level and short in length.

What exists is a roughed-out second set of platforms built underneath a currently-operating station. It is located directly underneath the existing station. The station was designed as part of a planned but never-built streetcar subway that would have run east and west along Queen Street. A similar station was planned underneath the existing (also situated along Queen Street). Although underground pipes and conduits were specifically routed around this intended site, construction was never started.

The trackway was planned for streetcars rather than dedicated subway trains, similar to the much newer streetcar-only underground track originating at Union station used for the 510 Spadina and 509 Harbourfront routes. The Queen subway would have allowed streetcars from the 501 Queen, 504 King, 503 Kingston Road, and 505 Dundas to avoid centre-city traffic, and then surface to run on regular streets in outlying areas.

The plan to build a streetcar subway under Queen Street was delayed and then cancelled in favour of an east–west line further north, which became Line 2 Bloor–Danforth. As a result, the Lower Queen Station was never put into service. Unlike the abandoned platform at Lower Bay, this station is not used in any way save as an occasional storage facility and film set, and the aforementioned pedestrian tunnels.

There are plans to use space within Lower Queen to facilitate passenger transfers between Line 1 and the future Ontario Line, which would be drilled out of rock at a lower level.

Station description
The station lies under Yonge Street north of Queen Street to Shuter Street. The station has seven entrances from street level, which includes accessible entrances from inside the Eaton Centre and the Maritime Life Tower. Other entrances include a sidewalk staircase entrance from Shuter Street, and other entrances from 1 Queen Street East, 8 Queen Street West, by Hudson's Bay Queen Street, and from the north entrance outside the Eaton Centre.

Below street level are the concourses, with one above and across the north end of the platforms and at the south there is one on each side at track level with an underpass to connect them.

The only tenant in the station is Gateway Newstands, and there is one located on both platforms inside the fare-paid area.

Architecture and art
The station contains painted murals by John Boyle at the platform level entitled Our Nell, featuring depictions of Nellie McClung, William Lyon Mackenzie, as well as the former Simpson's and Eaton's department stores.

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include the Hudson's Bay Company's Queen Street store, the south end of the Eaton Centre, the Old City Hall courts, Nathan Phillips Square, Toronto City Hall, the Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres, and Massey Hall.

Surface connections
A transfer is required to connect between the subway system and these surface routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

Future
Metrolinx plans to construct the Ontario Line – a rapid transit line connecting the south loop of Line 1 Yonge–University to the east wing of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth and north to Science Centre station, where the line will interchange with Line 5 Eglinton. The preferred route of the line is from Science Centre to Exhibition. Queen station is a planned station on this new line and will make use of the roughed-in section of Lower Queen station to facilitate passenger transfers between Line 1 and the new line. The Ontario Line would be drilled out of rock at a lower level.

title: Queen station


text: Category:Mahavishnu Orchestra albums

title: Category:Mahavishnu Orchestra albums


text:
Talk:Vbulletin

from VfD:

Vanity page. Evil Monkey → Talk 01:51, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Should have been a redirect to vBulletin, which is not a vanity page. Unless there are any objections, this can probably be removed from VfD now. Fredrik | talk 02:04, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is one of the most popular bulletin software packages. --Ld 02:06, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Should be a controversy-free redirect to vBulletin. Samaritan 02:22, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Vbulletin


text:
Northeastern University station

Northeastern University station (signed as Northeastern) is a surface-level trolley stop on the MBTA Green Line. It is located in a dedicated median along Huntington Avenue in Boston, between Opera Place and Forsyth Street, and is adjacent to the Krentzman Quad on the campus of Northeastern University. It is the first surface-level stop going outbound along the Green Line E branch; trolleys rise from a portal located between Opera Place and Gainsborough Street and continue along the surface down Huntington Avenue towards Mission Hill.

History
Until the completion of the Huntington Avenue subway from Copley to a portal near Opera Place on February 16, 1941, streetcars ran on the surface from the Boylston Street portal. With the completion of the tunnel, Opera Place became an important short turn location; a siding was constructed adjacent to the inbound track. On May 21, 1947, the Boston Elevated Railway board voted to change the name from Opera Place to Northeastern University to reflect the growth of the adjacent Northeastern University. The stop was named on maps as early as the 1951, while most other surface stops did not appear separately until around 1990.

Like other surface stops on the median-reservation section of the line, Northeastern University station had bare asphalt platforms. In 1972, the MBTA began planning a reconstruction of that section of the line, then scheduled for 1973–74. The Northeastern siding was to be moved into the reservation, with a footbridge installed near the station for students. The work (minus the footbridge) were eventually done in 1980, when the line was closed to modify the track and wires for the new LRVs. The line was cut back to Symphony on March 21, 1980; it was re-extended to Northeastern (using LRVs) on June 21 and Brigham Circle on September 20. The platforms at Northeastern were lengthened and paved with brick.

In the early 2000s, the MBTA modified key surface stops with raised platforms for accessibility as part of the Light Rail Accessibility Program. The platforms at Northeastern were lengthened to Forsyth Street and repaved with concrete; temporary platforms northeast of Opera Place were used during the renovations. That renovation — part of a $32 million modification of thirteen B, C, and E branch stations — was completed on May 26, 2003. On August 23, 2004, a Type 8 Breda low-floor LRV derailed at the station, causing scarring in the outbound platform near the pedestrian crossing on the Opera Place side of the station.

title: Northeastern University station


text:
User:Hikingpete

HikingPete was originally seduced into creating an account at Wikipedia when he first anonymously made minor corrections on the Uuu operating system page. As the present article was somewhat short and outdated, he decided he should involve himself in writing something more current and complete. He has not however found time to do the actual editing yet.

title: User:Hikingpete


text:
Dundas station (Toronto)

Dundas is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at the intersection of Yonge Street and Dundas Street. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

History
Dundas Station opened in 1954 as part of the original stretch of the Yonge subway line from to Eglinton station. The original address, 300 Yonge Street, is still commonly used in TTC system maps.

When Toronto's Eaton Centre was built in the 1970s, a pedestrian tunnel was constructed under the tracks outside the fare-paid areas, connecting the two separate concourses. The station was refurbished in 1982, with the original Vitrolite tiles being replaced with yellow ceramic tiling.

On September 27, 1997, 23-year-old Charlene Minkowski was killed when she was pushed onto the tracks in front of an oncoming train at Dundas by Herbert Cheoung, a diagnosed schizophrenic. Cheoung was given a sentence which included no parole for 15 years.

As part of the construction of Yonge–Dundas Square in the early 2000s, a new entrance staircase was created, giving access to the station directly from the square. In 2002, this station became accessible with the addition of elevators.

Following controversy over the namesake of Dundas Street, Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, who delayed the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade, Toronto City Council voted in 2021 to rename Dundas Street and other civic assets named after Dundas – such as Dundas station. A new name will be chosen in April 2022. In December 2023, Toronto City Council passed a motion which directed the TTC board to rename the station by the fourth quarter of 2024. Toronto Metropolitan University expressed an interest in covering the $1.7-million cost associated with the renaming of the station if it is named after the university.

Station description
The station is located under Yonge Street at Dundas Street and is built on three levels, with entrances on every corner of the intersection. and all being accessible except for the northwest one, which is a sidewalk staircase at the Atrium on Bay. The southeast, southwest, and northeast entrances are located at Yonge Dundas Square, in the Eaton Centre and at 10 Dundas East inside the Cineplex Cinemas building respectively. All elevators that connect the entrance to the station are not provided by the TTC, but by the respective managements.

Dundas is the only station in Toronto where the northbound and southbound platforms are in separate fare-paid areas, owing to the constrained space and difficult geology at this location. Separate street entrances had to be used for each direction until the Eaton Centre was built, at which time a tunnel was constructed under the tracks outside the fare-paid areas, which is considered the third level. If on the wrong platform, passengers (including Presto card holders) can take a transfer from the transfer machines available on the platform, exit the station, and re-enter the station on the other platform by showing the collector at the booth the transfer obtained.

The station has underground connections to the Toronto Eaton Centre, 10 Dundas East and the Atrium on Bay, and is one of five stations connected to PATH.

Architecture and art
The station features William McElcheran's Cross Section, located by the northwest entrance and along the under-platform crosswalk. It depicts a vibrant urban scene of pets, shoppers, businessmen and other commuters. The piece was created out of terra cotta and fired in two-foot-square tiles. The artwork was donated by Atrium on Bay in May 1984.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
North of the station, the subway continues to travel through its tunnels underneath Yonge Street, passing over a double crossover, before entering College station. South of the station, it continues underneath Yonge Street, over Lower Queen station, before fully entering Queen station.

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include Yonge-Dundas Square, the north end of the Eaton Centre, the former Toronto Coach Terminal, Toronto City Hall, the Ed Mirvish Theatre, and 10 Dundas East. Buildings on the campus of Toronto Metropolitan University surround the station to the west, north and east. Nearby public art galleries include the Image Centre and Gallery Arcturus.

Surface connections

A transfer is required to connect between the subway system and these surface routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

title: Dundas station (Toronto)


text:
Shekere

The shekere (from Yoruba Ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀) is a Yoruba percussion instrument consisting of a dried gourd with beads or cowries woven into a net covering the gourd. The Shekere originated in Yorubaland, which comprises the countries of Nigeria, Benin, and Togo. See Yoruba. The instrument is common in West African and Latin American folkloric traditions as well as some of the popular music styles. In performance it is shaken and/or hit against the hands.

The shekere is made from vine gourds that grow on the ground. The shape of the gourd determines the sound of the instrument. A shekere is made by drying the gourd for several months then removing the pulp and seeds. After it is scrubbed, skillful bead work is added as well as colour.

Varieties
Throughout the African continent there are similar gourd/bead or gourd/seed percussion instruments. Some are the lilolo, axatse (Ghana), djabara (Guinea), ushàkà, chequere and saa saa (Liberia). The agbe is a gourd drum with cowrie shells and is usually strung with white cotton thread. The axatse is a small gourd, held by the neck and percussed between hand and leg. In Liberia, the net has a long "tail" through which the beads are manipulated. In Cuba, the chekeré, also known as aggué (abwe), is a large, hollow gourd (~50 cm long, approx. $19 1/2$ in) almost entirely surrounded by a network of cords, to which many coloured beads are attached. Widely used in Afro-Cuban sacred and popular music, it may be twisted, shaken or slapped producing a subtle variety of effects; musically, it is more flexible than maracas.

In Brazil, this African gourd rattle is called a xequerê. It consists of the gourd (cabaça) cut in the middle and then wrapped in a net in which beads or small plastic balls are threaded. The afoxé is a similar, smaller instrument.

title: Shekere


text:
Blida

Blida (البليدة) is a city in Algeria. It is the capital of Blida Province, and it is located about 45 km south-west of Algiers, the national capital. The name Blida, i.e. bulaydah, is a diminutive of the Arabic word belda, city.

Geography
Blida is known as the city of roses because of the large number of roses in its gardens.

Blida lies surrounded with orchards and gardens, 190 m above the sea, at the base of the Tell Atlas, on the southern edge of the fertile Mitidja Plain, and the right bank of the Oued el kebir outflow from the Chiffa gorge. The abundant water of this stream provides power for large corn mills and several factories, and also supplies the town with its numerous fountains and irrigated gardens. Within Blida is Chréa National Park, one of the largest national parks in the country and part of the Atlas Mountains. Blida is surrounded by a wall of considerable extent, pierced by six gates, and is further defended by Port Mimieh, crowning a steep hill on the left bank of the river.

The nearby Chiffa gorge is a habitat of the endangered Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus; the habitat is one of only a few locations where populations of the primate are found.

Climate
In Blida, there is a Mediterranean climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Csa. The average annual temperature in Blida is 17.9 °C. About 791 mm of precipitation falls annually.

History
No ancient center preceded the city. It was identified with the town of Mitidja in the Middle Ages which was ruined during the Beni Ghania campaigns. The present town was founded by Moors in the 16th century.

The town was rebuilt according to a grid plan following an earthquake in 1825 on a site about a mile distant from the ruins. It numbers among its buildings several mosques and churches, extensive barracks and a large military hospital. The principal square, the place d'Armes, is surrounded by arcaded houses and shaded by trees. The center of a fertile district, and a post on one of the main routes in the country, Blida has a flourishing trade, chiefly in oranges and flour. The orange groves contain over 50,000 trees, and in April the air for miles round is laden with the scent of the orange blossoms. In the public gardens is a group of magnificent olive trees. The products of the neighboring cork trees and cedar groves are a source of revenue to the town. Sidi-Ahmed El-Kebir, Blida's founder, is buried in Sidi El-Kebir (an area named after him). He founded Blida in the 16th century.

A mosque was built by order of Khair-ed-din Barbarossa, and under the Turks the town was of some importance. It was intricately rebuilt of interconnecting alleyways and streets, and was made accessible through the existing six major gates. The gates were as follows:
 * Bab Er-Rahba
 * Bab Ed-Zair
 * Bab El-Khouikha
 * Bab Es-Sebt
 * Bab Ez-Zaouia
 * Bab El-Kbour
 * Bab El-Kseb

Today those gates no longer exist, but their names are still in use by people in Blida as reference points to locate streets, places, schools and businesses.

In 1867, another earthquake damaged Blida.

Blida Province is home to a number of Berber-speaking tribes &towns. The Berbers of Blida are known as Djebailia and have been in the plains of Blida/Matija for thousands of years according to historians such as Ibn khaldoun. The tribes are Beni Salah(Ith salah)Beni Misrah(Ith Misra), Ghalia and many more. They speak Taqbaylit the language of the Kabyle which is the Berber language of blida close to the Kabyle varieties spoken east of Algiers Province, It is 95% identical and has traditionally been seen as an intermediate between Kabyle and the Chenoua language native to the north-eastern part of the country.

Notable locations

 * Stade Mustapha Tchaker in Blida is the current exclusive home stadium for the Algeria national football team. This has been the case since it was opened in 2002, Algeria have however also played many of their home games away from Tchaker throughout their history, both in friendly matches and for competitive tournaments.

 * Al-Kawthar Mosque is located in the center of the city at the Bin Merah Square, known as the famous square of the Toot in Blida. The mosque is distinguished by its space as it attracts more than 12 thousand worshipers on religious occasions.
 * Place Toute is located in the center of Blida located near Bab Es-Sebt, Al-Kawthar Mosque, and the old market. Tourists and locals can enjoy the many cafes, pastry shops, ice cream shops, and other restaurants while their children play in the plaza.

Notable people

 * Sidi-Ahmed El-Kebir (15th-16th century), Religious man, City Founder
 * Mhamed Yazid (1923–2003), Politician
 * Mahfoud Nahnah (1942–2003), Politician
 * (1893–1976), Theologian
 * (1941–1993), Politician
 * Elissa Rhaïs, Novelist
 * Edouard Nieuport (1875–1911), Aviation pioneer and manufacturer
 * Mohammed Mazouni, Singer
 * Mohamed El Touri, Comedian
 * Mustapha Sellami, Football player
 * Salah Aougrout, Comedian
 * Bachir Selami, Filmographer
 * Mustapha Benguergoura, Singer
 * Farid Khodja, singer
 * Rabah Driassa, Singer & Painter
 * Baya, Artist
 * Souhila Bel Bahar, Painter
 * Mohamed Bourouissa, Artist
 * Frantz Fanon, psychiatrist and writer
 * Dahmane Ben Achour, Singer
 * Rachid Nouni, Singer
 * Abdelkader Guessoum, Singer
 * Mohamed Tobal, Singer
 * Mohamed Sidi el Kebir, Singer
 * Kamel Choumane, Singer

title: Blida


text:
User talk:Honeyswtheart88

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 01:56, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Honeyswtheart88


text:
College station (Toronto)

College is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at Yonge Street and College Street/Carlton Street. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

History
College station opened in 1954 as part of the original stretch of the Yonge line from to  stations. The address originally given to the station was 448 Yonge Street, which is still used on TTC system maps, but the TTC official website uses 3 Carlton Street.

Station description
The station lies under Yonge Street south from College and Carlton streets. The entrances on the northeast and southeast corners of the intersection are stairwells directly from the sidewalk. At the southwest corner the entrance is through the former Eaton's store at College Park, with escalators connecting from the street and additional stairs to the station. These three entrances join to the concourse, below the street at the north end of the station, where the collector's booth, turnstiles and a Gateway Newstands are located. Below this, on the lowest level, are the two side platforms which can be reached by escalators and stairs. There are no elevators in this station, which means it is not accessible for persons with physical disabilities.

Station access upgrades
In 2022, the TTC began constructing a second entrance at College station. The second entrance will be south of the main entrance, and riders will be able to access it from the basement level of the College Park building. The second entrance will have a concourse level under Yonge Street with Presto fare gates and an elevator and a staircase to each of the north- and southbound platforms. These elevators will connect to the street-level concourse. Riders will be able to use the College Park elevators from street level and a passage to reach the new concourse where riders will use either a short staircase or a ramp to enter the concourse. Construction is expected to be completed by late 2025.

Architecture and art
The station features Hockey Knights in Canada, a pair of murals that are named after Hockey Night in Canada; one depicting the Toronto Maple Leafs on the southbound side and facing the Montreal Canadiens on the northbound side, depicting the decades-old rivalry between the two clubs. They were created by Charles Pachter in 1984, when the Toronto Maple Leafs still played at nearby Maple Leaf Gardens.

Before proceeding with the design, the TTC sought to obtain permission from both clubs. The Canadiens agreed as did Maple Leaf general manager Gerry McNamara. However, when Maple Leafs owner Harold Ballard learned of the plan to feature both teams, he refused permission to use the Leafs insignia unless plans for the Canadiens mural were scrapped. The TTC thus moved to remove the logos from the murals, until chairman Julian Porter, himself a lawyer knowledgeable on copyright issues, intervened and decided to take Ballard to court, believing that the artistic works could make free use of the logo even without Ballard's permission. TTC commissioner June Rowlands also intervened insisting that all the players wear helmets, to set an example of safety for the city's youth.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
North of the station, the tunnel turns off-street, paralleling Yonge Street to the east. South of the station, the subway continues under Yonge Street to Dundas station.

In early 2011, the TTC began work to re-install a double crossover south of the station. The crossover will allow trains to turn back at the station, allowing for more flexibility during emergencies. The crossover had existed from the day the subway opened until the mid-1980s when it was removed due to financial, maintenance and safety concerns and because it was not regularly used. The original crossover was not powered or signaled, meaning that supervisory personnel had to be on scene to manually operate the switches, and ensure safe train passage. On November 21, 2020, automatic train control was activated at College station, allowing the crossover to be remotely operated for train turnbacks.

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include the College Park mall, the College Park courts, the Residences of College Park, the Toronto Police Headquarters, and Maple Leaf Gardens. Some Toronto Metropolitan University students use this station though the campus is situated closer to the next station, Dundas.

Surface connections
A transfer is required to connect between the subway system and these surface routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

title: College station (Toronto)