text:
Talk:Mervyn's

Closing Stores
I am suggesting a separation of the store closing dates. The closing of the Florida stores is mentioned in the beginnings and the stores in Michigan and Oklahoma is mentioned down in the split from Target. There is the mentioning of other stores that are closing statewide. I think that this should be separated out into its own heading. Does anyone have any other ideas on this maybe to make it more organized? Babehs 13:03, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

History
The article says that an architect suggested the spelling of Mervyn's with a "y." There is no source listed. I once heard Mervin Morris on a radio interview. He said that he wanted to call the store Morris' but there was already a store by that name. Somebody suggested Mervin's, which he considered undignified since it was his first name. He eventually agreed. He said that he had planned on the correct spelling, but the person who made the sign got it wrong and told him that it looked better that way. Mervin decided to keep it that way.

I don't have a source I can cite either, since it was a radio broadcast decades ago, but if there is a source for the architect story, it should have a citation. It's possible that the person who did the sign was the architect, and it's really the same story. But I do remember that Morris decided after the fact to keep it, not before the fact to agree to it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.127.242.238 (talk) 03:19, 21 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Regarding History, that section needs to be expanded to tell something about how the store grew between 1962 (when it started its second store) to 1978 (when it was a chain with 50 stores). --Orlady (talk) 00:15, 7 October 2009 (UTC)

Improper Bias in this Article
It has come to my attention that several passages in this article relating to the retail company Mervyn's may be biased; following are several examples of this (I have typed the mojority of potentially biased material in italics):

"While Target Stores grew at a breakneck pace during the 1980s and 1990s, fueled largely by the no-nonsense Protestant work ethic in Minnesota, Mervyn's simply squandered their multiple opportunities for success by stagnating themselves and refusing to adapt. They were a major drag on the Target Corporation from the inception of their rocky relationship."

"Ultimately, Mervyn's discovered that meaningless gestures, like stripping and re-varnishing the employee break room cabinets once a year when they did not show so much as a fingerprint, was a waste of their rapidly depreciating political capital within the Target family."

"The lazy-Californian approach proved no match for the Minnesota juggernaut of productivity that has brought the likes of Target, BestBuy, and USBank."

"Many at Target Corporation let out a quiet little cheer when they witnessed the largest Target store in the United States, located in Roseville, Minnesota, being just completed in September 2005, while across the highway the palatial, and now defunct, Mervyn's California store suffered the blows of a wrecking ball. The justice could not have been more poetic: Mervyn's finally got the help it needed all along."

I am a former employee of Mervyn's myself, and it is obvious to me that the individual who wrote this article is probably a disgruntled former employee themselves. Rather than let the "Michael Moore" approach take its toll on uninformed readers, it is my request that this article be modified or rewritten from a more unbiased, economical and educational point of view.

 * Visitor from the Cleanup page ... I've deleted the entire "Mervyns vs. Target" passage, which even after previous edits STILL comes off as original research/analysis by someone with a grudge against Mervyns (and sort of an apples-to-oranges comparison, to boot). If any of the claims (e.g. discrimination) could be verified and attributed, it might add something to the entry, but in this section's last incarnation, it doesn't. —Hedgey42 08:29, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Does someone keep coming in here to insert disinformation? I just removed some crap about healthcare to only 20 team members per store. False. I currently work at Mervyns; however, I have no citable sources for information regarding the company's growth in the recent year as I'm working off what I've discerned between conversations between myself and the Manager of the Anaheim Hills, CA store. Is this information still introducable?

 * It seems that nearly all the biased content is added by the same author, User:24.118.179.181. Sorry to name by name, and I would like to invite you to prove me wrong, but util you do, I am considering you to be a vandal. Thomasdelbert 23:47, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Could someone please mention the Midwestern locations? I don't know how to add comments, so pardon me if I did this wrong.

Image requested
I've added the image request tag above after looking at the article. Someone using an anonymous IP address put placeholders for the old logos. They may not be the best placeholders, so I'll put comment tags around them for now. --Geopgeop 06:52, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I found 2 old Mervyns logos and uploaded them --Caldorwards4 19:01, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

The "original" Mervyn's logo is incorrect. The original logo had a more regular "Y".66.215.75.10 05:44, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Locations
Just about all the other department store pages on Wikipedia have a list. I think a list would be in order for Mervyn's, seeing as they've closed so many locations. However, I doubt I'll be able to track them all down without help. Anyone willing to help? TenPoundHammer 03:56, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Here's a list I made of all the former Mervyn's locations I know of. I'll work on current locations later; Mervyn's store locator is a pain in the @$$. TenPoundHammer 20:48, 1 March 2007 (UTC){{subst:image source|Image:1stMervynslogo.PNG)) Betacommand {{sup|(talk • contribs • Bot)}} 23:46, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

{{missing rationale|Image:1stMervynslogo.PNG

Fair use rationale for Image:Mervynslogo1990.jpg
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Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Chapter 11, not Chapter 7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervyns#Liquidation

Creditors' committee moved to have Mervyns convert to Chapter 7, but withdrew the motion after a settlement was reached.

Mervyns Comments on Court Approval of Going out of Business Sales Creditors' Committee Withdraws Motion to Convert to Chapter 7 Published: 10/30/08 07:40 PM EDT

http://finance.boston.com/boston?GUID=7020742&Page=MediaViewer&ChannelID=3191 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.27.201.113 (talk) 13:24, 8 November 2008 (UTC)

---

Revision history of Mervyns

19:31, 25 November 2008 Caldorwards4 (Talk | contribs) (13,711 bytes) (source says Chapter 7)

Outdated, source incorrect:

Press release 30 October 2008

http://www.kccllc.net/mervyns

http://www.kccllc.net/documents/0811586/0811586081030000000000021.pdf

Court dockets show case is still Chapter 11. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.166.104.67 (talk) 11:35, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

2 good articles on the downfall of Mervyns
How Private Equity Strangled Mervyns

Cerberus, Sun Capital, and Lubert-Adler stripped the 59-year-old retailer of its assets and threw 30,000 people out of work

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_49/b4111040876189.htm?campaign_id=rss_topStories

Making a Bundle on Mervyn's

Buyout Firms Profited, but Chain Ended Up in Liquidation and Thousands Lost Jobs

Note: to view full article, follow link via Google news search

http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&um=1&tab=wn&scoring=n&q=Making+a+Bundle+on+Mervyn%27s&btnG=Search+News

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122748733837451899.html?mod=googlenews_wsj

Dead yet?
It appears that all the stores closed today (December 28, 2008), but I can only find a bunch of "Store X is closing today" articles and no "All Mervyns closed today" articles. - Richfife (talk) 02:40, 29 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Looks dead to me: - Richfife (talk) 02:46, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

Mervyn's California
This section states "The rebranding had little effect on the company's revenues, and the "California" was dropped from the name in 2001, reverting the store back to the original name it had used for years.

There was (sic) also issues with owners of mervyn's store outside California with the branding".

WHAT owners of Mervyn's outside of California ? In the section "Target years, expansion" it says that by 1978 Mervyn's had grown to more than 50 stores in three states and was acquired by the Dayton Hudson Corporation (now Target Corporation),...so who were the owners of the stores outside California that had the alleged issues with the name change in 1996 ? Dayton Hudson/Target ? Target didn't sell Mervyn's until July 2004, and there is no mention of any other owners involved with Mervyn stores.That last sentence needs to be clarified,referenced or deleted.````

Apostrophe?
Mervyns or Mervyn's? --John (talk) 07:26, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

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Corporate Headquarters
Article shows a photo of one of the two corporate headquarter buildings that were in Hayward. The one in the photo was previously an Emporium Capwell store, on Foothill Boulevard. The other one, which housed the buying offices and executive offices was on Industrial Boulevard. It is now the home of New Life Chiropractic College. 2600:6C52:7D7F:C73A:D906:597E:681D:EF46 (talk) 23:07, 27 June 2022 (UTC)

Online revival?
Apparently there's a mervynsonline.com? Their "About Us" page (https://mervynsonline.com/pages/about-us) seems to claim that they're the same entity? "Mervyns Department Store is back and online only. Mervyns was a department store chain in the United States, headquartered in San Francisco, California..." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shnakepup (talk • contribs) 19:29, 25 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mervyn's


text:
Talk:20th Maine Infantry Regiment

"The Frog in the Well"
The Irish Song "The Frog in the Well" is often recorded as the favourite song of the 20th Maine. Unfortunately, the history of the song is largely unknown and obscure. --Arima 06:55, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Rampant inaccuracies
This article seems to be based more on the popularized image on the Twentieth, rather than the reality. Inaccuracies abound, including: IcarusPhoenix (talk) 16:37, 5 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Colonel Vincent did not command the brigade until several months after the Twentieth joined.
 * At that time, the brigade included two other regiments from New York and an independent company of Michigan sharpshooters.
 * There were other commanders after Spear.
 * The 15th and 47th Alabama fought as a single unit under Col. Oates (of the 15th) at Little Round Top, and arrived late in the battle, having stopped for water and inadvertently swinging to their right over Big Round Top. There were several other regiments attacking the 20th and their brigade as well.
 * The claims about Melcher are hardly recent, and mostly derive not from Melcher, but from Ellis Spear, who in later life became rather hostile towards Chamberlain. Melcher told the story in much the same way Chamberlain did; he requested permission to go out an retrieve some of his wounded lying in front of the line, and Chamberlain responded that he was about to order a bayonet charge - a logical story, since Spear's claim of Melcher initiating it and the regiment accidentally following hardly explains how they had conveniently fixed their bayonets already.
 * The regiments initial enrollment was just short of 1,000. The figure of 1,621 represents initial numbers plus replacements over the course of the war, including the 120 men from the Second Maine, as well as later draftees.
 * Of course, there is also a VERY large gap in the regiment's history. I will be fixing the article sometime within the next week.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:20th Maine Infantry Regiment


text:
Figurines (band)

Figurines is an indie rock band from Denmark, formed in the mid-1990s. The band released their first EP, The Detour, in 2001 and their first full-length album, Shake a Mountain, in 2004. The band began to receive national attention in Denmark around the time of the full-length release, and began touring Germany in 2003. Their second full-length, Skeleton, was released in 2005 on Danish label Morningside Records and German label Pop-U-Loud, and on US label The Control Group in 2006.

The band began a North American tour after being nominated for a Canadian Music Week Indie award and has since performed at the Indies ceremony, SXSW, KEXP, and in cities in the US, Canada, and Europe. The band has also received positive press from Pitchfork Media, The New York Times, and Spin, among others. Figurines's sound has been most often compared to that of Pavement, Modest Mouse, and Built to Spill.

The band released their third record When the Deer Wore Blue in 2007 with Chicago-based co-producer/engineer Jeremy Lemos, who has worked with Smog, Jim O'Rourke, Loose Fur, and many other Windy City acts in the past. The new material is more psychedelic than previous efforts, but remains faithful to the melodic-pop sounds of Skeleton and Shake a Mountain on several tracks, including "Hey, Girl", the first single from the record.

In 2010 they released their 4th record titled "Figurines".

Albums

 * 2004: Shake a Mountain
 * 2005: Skeleton
 * 2007: When the Deer Wore Blue (DEN #20 in Danish Albums Chart)
 * 2010: Figurines

EPs

 * 2001: The Detour (EP)
 * 2007: Hey Girl (EP)
 * 2010: Lucky to Love (EP)

Singles

 * 2006: "Silver Ponds" (7" single)
 * 2007: "Hey Girl"

Members
The band started as a quintet, but later on has functioned as a trio.
 * Current members
 * Christian Hjelm – vocals and guitar
 * Claus Salling Johansen – guitar, backing vocals, originally also drums
 * Jens Ramon - guitar, synths
 * Past members
 * Andreas Toft - bass
 * Kristian Volden – drums, percussion
 * Mads Kjærgaard – bass
 * Mathe Fischer

The Figurines were formed in the mid-1990s when Christian Hjelm, Claus Salling Johansen and Andreas Toft all began to "jam" together. Originally all the Figurines guitarists. Eventually Toft switched over to bass and Claus swapped to drums until Kristian Volden joined the band.

In May 2006, Andreas left the band and Mads Kjærgaard and Mathe Fischer joined. In 2007 Mathe Fischer left the band after a one-year stay, and Jens Ramon joined.

They went to Sweden in "Silence studios" (an analog studio), where they were living separated from normal life, while they were working on their next release When the Deer Wore Blue produced by Jeremy Lemos (who later worked with Sonic Youth). After touring they began making songs for their new album.

Then Kristian Volden and Mads Kjærgaard left the Figurines, and band turned into a trio. The trio released Figurines in 2010.

In popular culture
The song "The Air We Breathe" was featured on season 1 episode 13 of the TV-show Gossip Girl.

title: Figurines (band)


text:
Talk:Fluctuation theorem

Untitled
I tagged this page "too technical" because, even though I don't have a physics degree, it should still be able to inform me as to why Loschmidt's paradox (which I could understand) isn't a problem. N (t/c) 04:21, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

I hardly understand anything either how is entropy defined in this article? What does an average over entropy production mean, since entropy is already defined by summing over the whole distribution of states. It seems that this article somehow associates an entropy to every microstate, or something like that.ThorinMuglindir 19:54, 6 November 2005 (UTC)

Theorem Assumptions: Time Reversal Symmetry
The list of assumptions required to prove the Fluctuation Theorem is very interesting (Part of the "Summary" section toward the end of the article). There was one thing that was unclear to me. Quoting the article, "In regard to the [assumption of time reversal symmetry], all the equations of motion for either classical or quantum dynamics are in fact time reversible." If I remember my physics correctly, to reverse the trajectory of a charged particle in a magnetic field, not just its velocity but also its charge must be reversed. Does that mean that a collection of charged particles in an external magnetic field will not obey the Fluctuation Theorem (and by extension the Second Law of Thermodynamics) unless they are capable of charge reversal? Or, is the assumption of time reversal symmetry somehow independent of (lack of) charge reversal? Compbiowes 00:38, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

About the magnetic field

Well, I think if you treat magnetic field as one generated by current flow or moving charges, then time reversal will also imply changing the direction of current flow, and thus reversing magnetic field too.

 * That's a good point. What I wonder about, though, is the time scale. If we mix classical and quantum ideas then it seems that the "current flow" can be "stuck" in a particular direction. More concretely, a permanent magnet can maintain its field for a very long time. Is it relevant to the Fluctuation Theorem that a system of charged particles in an external field generated by a permanent magnet would have to wait a long time for the field to reverse? If the system of charged particles could violate the Second Law and bring about a decrease in entropy as long as the field lasted, could this decrease in entropy then be used to regenerate the field? Compbiowes 00:50, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

 * As I tried to explain in an edit, reversibility means that for any system you choose, it would be possible to create a different system with different initial conditions whose evolution over time would look like a reversed movie of the first system. And the magnetic field of a permanent magnet is generated by the "spin" of the electrons, if you picture the spin in classical terms than a backwards movie would mean reversing the direction of all the spins. Even though quantum mechanics doesn't actually allow you to think of spin as an electron spinning on its axis or orbiting the nucleus, I think that substituting -t for t in the equations would mean reversing all the spins in QM as well, so the second system would look like the first but with the field pointing in the opposite direction. Hypnosifl 07:10, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I can't add any more to this discussion myself without further study. I did email Denis Evans, though, and his unofficial answer was "We have only done a little on [the Fluctuation Theorem for systems in external magnetic fields]. What happens is that you need something slightly more complex than the time reversal map. It will all work but the mappings may be slightly different." Compbiowes 20:15, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I've seen it stated by numerous physicists that both the laws of classical electromagnetism and the laws of quantum electrodynamics exhibit time-symmetry, meaning the fundamental equations of motion are unchanged by a reversal of which time direction you label positive and which you label negative. If you email Denis Evans about this precise question I'm sure he'll confirm, the quote above may be talking about issues related to some specific experimental setup but I doubt he's arguing that the fundamental equations governing the situation fail to exhibit time-symmetry. Hypnosifl 20:40, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

undefined 00:39, 2 April 2013 (UTC)
 * If the universe exhibits cyclical behavior at larger time scales and larger distances than currently understood, time-reversible laws may create an illusions of irreversibility. If the universe here and the universe 10 billion light years away have vastly different density (which would be a disproof of the cosmological principle), then it is possible that a region with a density very close to that of a black hole event horizon (i.e. to the corresponding Schwarzschild radius) could serve as a sink for entropy flux density (WK-1m-2), and thereby recover otherwise "missing" potential to do work.siNkarma86—Expert Sectioneer of Wikipedia

Is "time-averaged irreversible entropy production" just (change in entropy)/(time)?
I would think it's just equal to delta-S (change in entropy) divided by delta-t (the time interval), but I'd like some confirmation from an expert. If this is true, than it might help make the article slightly more accessible if this was mentioned somewhere. This would also mean that the fluctuation theorem could be restated in terms of changes in entropy, so that for any given time-interval, the ratio between (probability that entropy change is +delta-S) and (probability that entropy change is -delta-S) would be e^(delta-S). Hypnosifl 18:04, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Yep, it seems so. "Entropy Production" i think is misleading, it would be better called the entropy production rate. i found another paper which refers to A as the entropy creation rate.

 * This suggestion would allow to rewrite the first paragraph to make it less technical and more accessible. I suppose the current text (implicitly) normalized entropy by dividing by the Boltzmann constant? Benjamin.friedrich (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 08:20, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

About the relation between entropy and information
Hi. I've drawn this graphic. I'd like to know your comments about the idea it describes, thank you very much.

--Faustnh (talk) 00:07, 29 March 2009 (UTC)

(Also posted at Entropy and information talk page). --Faustnh (talk) 18:14, 29 March 2009 (UTC)
 * It looks like -∫ u(x) log(u(x)) dx is more negative in the lower picture so yes, I agree. There's less entropy in the lower picture. Oddly, that means the upper picture represents more states! 89.217.26.52 (talk) 22:40, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

 * "Water" implies H2O which implies Avogadro's number type entropies. A surface wave adds dozens of bits of info. The scales are incomparable. It's "true" in some sense, but misleading. 67.198.37.16 (talk) 05:54, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

is this Crook's or Gallavotti? no mention of Onsanger ?
I was trying to get background on another aarticle, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Maximum_Entropy_Production which I continue to solicit input but is this FT the same as Crook's or Gallavotti-Cohen? Nerdseeksblonde (talk) 12:39, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

Backstepping of biological nanomachines
The article states that biological machines such as molecular motors occasionally can run in reverse mode. A reader (like me) might then think that backstepping and a reverse forward step are the same. However, I fear this simple view is wrong: it is not that clear that a motor produces an ATP during a backward step. This is probably true for F1-ATPase, but not for kinesin. It would be good to have a clarifying sentence on this in the article.

Some Literature:

Nishiyama et al. Nat Cell Bio. 2002 "Chemomechanical coupling of the forward and backward steps of single kinesin molecules"

Taniguchi et al. Nat Chem Bio 2005 "Entropy rectifies the Brownian steps of kinesin"

Carter et al. Nature 2005 "Mechanics of the kinesin step"

 * I've modified the text, I hope it will be clearer now Conjugado (talk) 14:29, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

How is the term "entropy" defined in this case?
I have seen many statistical mechanical definitions of entropy which are not all equivalent, or have subtle distinctions in meaning. All definitions are obviously designed to respect thermodynamics in the thermodynamic limit, however they significantly differ for microscopic systems. I would imagine that the precise definition of the quantity "entropy" is extremely important for the fluctuation theorem, however it's not included anywhere in this article. --Nanite (talk) 15:10, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

 * Heh. I've read journal articles where authors accuse each other of being off-by-one in their definition of entropy, leading to erroneous conclusions of "negative entropy" at low temperature ordered systems. The subtleties are subtle. Yes, point taken. 67.198.37.16 (talk) 05:59, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

The often-mentioned problem with defining entropy
What is the "averaged entropy" in this article? Since entropy is already an average, I agree with other editors that a very precise definition of entropy is needed to make this meaningful.

Here is an attempt.

The microstates (10^10^10) are grouped into collections called states (10^10), characterized by thermodynamic variables such as p, V, T, S, U. A microstate follows an exact physical trajectory a(t), and a state obeys macroscopic (thermodynamic) laws that prescribes a trajectory M(t). (Or just restrict the allowable trajectories M(t).)

Then: for any fixed s, t, all but a tiny fraction of microstates "obey thermodynamics", that is, if a(s) ∈ M(s) then a(t) ∈ M(t).

A tiny number of microstate trajectories "jump state", that is, they shift from one macroscopic trajectory M(.) to another one M'(.) during the time interval [s,t]. The macroscopic variables of a(.) change in a way that is impossible according to the macroscopic laws. So the macroscopic laws get broken. An example is all the gas going into one corner of the room. 89.217.26.52 (talk) 22:34, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

Confusing or mistaken visco-elastic example
''It is important to understand what the Second Law Inequality does not imply. It does not imply that the ensemble averaged entropy production is non-negative at all times. This is untrue, as consideration of the entropy production in a viscoelastic fluid subject to a sinusoidal time dependent shear rate shows.[clarification needed] In this example the ensemble average of the time integral of the entropy production is however non negative - as expected from the Second Law Inequality.''

This seems to contradict the immediately preceding paragraph, which states that the averaged entropy is nondecreasing.

Indeed, the viscoelastic fluid example seems like a red herring. It misinterprets the claim of the article: indeed, the claim is that the ensemble-averaged, instantaneous rate of entropy production is nonnegative for all times, not just integrated over user-selected time windows.

If the thesis in this article is wrong, it needs an attack in principle (from published sources, of course). It won't be disproved or "qualified" by a fly-by example with no explanation OR citation. In any case I suspect the example is not a closed system! It sounds like a driven system. But like most any reader, I can't tell from the amount of detail given. The example should simply be removed for now. 89.217.26.52 (talk) 22:34, 2 February 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fluctuation theorem


text:
Talk:Messier 107

Requested move
Globular Cluster M107 → Messier 107 – This was proposed on WP:RM with the reason: Consistent naming of Messier objects, the primary page should be the indirect and not vice-versa as it is today. However a discussion was not created here by the editor proposing the move, so I am doing so instead. Chaos syndrome 21:02, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Survey

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with  ~

 * Strongly support for reasons discussed at WikiProject Astronomical objects. Chaos syndrome 21:02, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments

title: Talk:Messier 107


text:
Talk:Expertise

---

"Expertise as power": Not NPOV
"Expertise is a form of power"

This is not NPOV. -- 201.51.166.124 16:32, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

If the article "expert" and "expertise" are merged, why not make a quick outline of the merged organization of the "expert" article, thereby suplimenting the article with "textbook style" organization as well as length? The seperate terms are valuable each with their own explanation, though merging article seems reasonable. So does the link to the wiki-dictionary. -- Actually I think this is very much NPOV - there is a well established literature on bases of power and expert power (alongside legitimate power, referent power etc. However, this point is given too much weight and is too peripheral in any substantive discussion of expertise. There is now a very developed body of research on expertise in the social sciences se for example Anders Ericsson, Charness. Feltovich, and Hoffman(2006)'The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. When I get the time I will happily do some work on expanding this page (unless someone beats me to it)on the basis of the established social science literature user: Markoc

Here's some blog postings with an entirely different viewpoint of the concept of expertise from the HyperAdvance Blog:

--Knowledgemachine 16:48, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Expertise
 * The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence
 * Starting to Dance
 * Colbert's Definition of Social Acceptance

title: Talk:Expertise


text:
Talk:Rescue

Expansion request
Only looks at firefighting where there should be a much larger article about many forms of rescue (sea rescue, helicopter rescue, etc.) violet/riga

Added some
I've recently added some famous rescue's and resuers; such as Grace Darling, Doring Rijkers, and Henry Blogg. -The Bold Guy- 11:13, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Image Available
RAF seaside rescue

Primary topic should be covered by this article
First sentence Rescue comprises responsive operations that usually involve the saving of life, or the urgent treatment of injuries after an accident or a dangerous situation. reasonably accurately describes the primary topic. The other (historical and psychological) meanings should be linked from the disambiguation page and removed from the lead as undue. The rest of the article should summarise the various aspects of rescue as described in the lead sentence. · · · Peter Southwood (talk): 04:49, 25 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rescue


text:
Talk:Deodoro da Fonseca

Propaganda?
Added a POV tag -- the article appears biased and innacurate Republican propaganda. The monarchy was overthrown by reactionaries who opposed the Golden Law abolishing slavery.Scott Adler 12:21, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Can you contribute a less biased source, printed or on-line, adding it to the references?--Wetman 13:35, 15 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Last November you stated "the article appears biased and innacurate Republican propaganda. The monarchy was overthrown by reactionaries who opposed the Golden Law abolishing slavery." May I ask again, can you contribute a less biased source, printed or on-line, adding it to the references? Perhaps the "disputed" tag was hastily applied, and might be removed, on cooler consideration. This request is copied at User talk:Scott Adler. --Wetman 11:38, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If I may inquire, what is a "full marshal?" Anglius

A: Full Marshall is the highest rank in Brazil army at that age.

Remove NPOV?
It seems as though the article has been edited to address the tagger's objections. No further discussion has taken place in the year since it was tagged. I recommend removing the tag. Phyesalis 05:37, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I have removed it.-- Birgitte SB  17:28, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Brazilian coastal defense ship Deodoro which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 05:17, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

Predecessor
In the infobox, it says Fonseca's predecessor was Pedro II as the last Emperor. I feel this should be changed to Office established. Pedro II might've been the last head of state before Deodoro became President, but the office of President was established when he took power. Other pages do this as well, such as George Washington and Guadalupe Victoria. FredModulars (talk) 14:27, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

Since this discussion encompasses a wide scope of articles, I added it to the page Template talk:Infobox officeholder as well. FredModulars (talk) 19:26, 21 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I think there should be no predecessor field at all. He was not preceded by anyone as president, so why have that parameter in the infobox? Surtsicna (talk) 15:17, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Deodoro da Fonseca


text:
Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow

Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, also Ernst Fleischl von Marxow (5 August 1846, Vienna – 22 October 1891, Vienna) was an Austrian physiologist and physician who became known for his important investigations on the electrical activity of nerves and the brain. He was also a creative inventor of new devices which were widely adopted in clinical medicine and physiological research.

He was born as Ernst Fleischl, the son of Karl Fleischl (1818–1893) and his wife Ida (née Marx). In 1875, Karl Fleischl was ennobled by Emperor Franz Joseph and granted the hereditary title of "Edler von Marxow" in the Austrian nobility. His son's style therefore changed to Ernst Fleischl Edler von Marxow, which he usually used in shortened form as Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow.

Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow studied medicine in the University of Vienna, Austria. He started his scientific career as a research assistant in the laboratory of Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (1819–1892), and later as an assistant, in the same university, to the eminent pathologist Carl von Rokitansky (1804–1878). However, an accident while he was dissecting a cadaver injured his thumb, which became infected and had to be amputated, interrupting his activities in anatomical pathology. Thus, he had to turn to physiology, and he came back to von Brücke's laboratory in Vienna after studying for a year with Carl Ludwig (1816–1895), another famous physiologist at the University of Leipzig, Germany, obtaining his doctoral degree in medicine in 1874.

In the first phase of his career in neurophysiology, Fleischl-Marxow dedicated himself to electrophysiology of nerves and muscles, then a research field of increasing prestige, after the pioneering investigations of Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896), who had discovered the action potentials of axons. This field highly benefited from the technical developments occurring in the physical sciences, particularly new devices which were invented to work with small electric potentials and currents. Since biological tissues have extremely low levels of electrical activity (in the range of microvolts), neurophysiology's progress had to wait for them. Like many German physiologists of his time, Fleischl-Marxow had a good knowledge and ability with physics, and invented a number of devices for the purpose of his studies, particularly the reonome (a kind of rheostat, or variable resistor used to control finely the intensity of an electrical stimulus). He also adapted the Lippmann's capillary electrometer in order to use it for measuring subtle bioelectrical phenomena.

From the bioelectricity of nerves, Fleischl-Marxow turned his attention, from 1876 on, to the global electrical activity of the cerebral hemispheres. Neuroanatomists had already determined at the time that its nervous tissue was also composed of cells (the neurons), with their bodies mainly located in the gray matter, and filamentary prolongations, the dendrites and the axons. Thus, it was only natural to assume that they would also display electrical activity. This important discovery, however, had not been made until that time, because many desynchronized electrical potentials with different polarities produce a cumulative global potential which is actually very small and difficult to detect with the sensitivity range of the measuring devices available at the time. Despite this, Fleischl-Marxow was able to prove for the first time that the peripheral stimulation of sensory organs, such as vision and hearing were able to provoke event-related small electrical potential swings on the surface of the cerebral cortex which was related to the projection of those senses. Strangely, however, Fleischl-Marxow did not publish his results, choosing instead to deposit them in a bank safe, with instructions to reveal them in 1883 only. Meanwhile, the first publications about what was later to be called the electroencephalogram came to light, independently demonstrated by Richard Caton (1842–1926), in Great Britain, and Adolf Beck (1863–1942) in Poland, both using laboratory animals.

In 1880, Fleischl-Marxow became a full professor at the University of Vienna and was nominated a correspondent member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. He also devoted part of his research to physiological optics, making important discoveries on the distribution of the optic nerve on the retina, and the optical characteristics of the cornea. With his increasing knowledge in optical physics, he developed several optical measurement instruments, such as a spectropolarimeter and a hematometer (a device used for measuring the content of hemoglobin in the blood), which was named in his honor, and which for many years found wide application in laboratory medicine and diagnostic hematology.

For many years, Fleischl-Marxow labored under intense personal suffering, due to chronic painful complications of his amputation. Because of this, he became addicted to morphine and heroin (a synthetic derivative of morphine, but much more potent). Sigmund Freud, then a Viennese neurologist, was one of his most intimate friends, and had the highest opinion of him:

"A most distinguished man, for whom both nature and upbringing have done their best. Rich, trained in all physical exercises, with the stamp of genius in his energetic features, handsome, with fine feelings, gifted with all the talents, and able to form an original judgment on all matters, he has always been my ideal and I could not rest till we became friends and I could experience pure joy in his ability and reputation. (cited in Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, Volume I, VI.)"

At the time Freud was studying the medical properties of cocaine, and was convinced that cocaine could be not only used as mild euphoriant, aphrodisiac and analgesic, but also as a treatment for morphine addicts. He recommended this to his friend Fleischl-Marxow, who proceeded to fall even deeper into the abyss of addiction. Devastated by pain, addiction, and disease, he relapsed and began using morphine again. Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow died on October 22, 1891, at 45 years of age. Freud talked about him, without citing explicitly his name, in Interpretation of Dreams,  analysing Irma's injection.

title: Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow


text:
Mouse Menace

Mouse Menace is a 1946 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes animated short film directed by Arthur Davis. The short was released on November 2, 1946, and stars Porky Pig.

Plot
A persistent mouse incursion into Porky Pig's household sets the stage for a series of misadventures. Despite Porky's initial attempts to eliminate the mouse proving fruitless, including enlisting the aid of a feline and even a mountain lion, each endeavor ends in calamity.

Undeterred, Porky escalates his efforts by constructing a robotic cat, hoping to outwit the elusive rodent. However, the mouse proves to be a cunning adversary, deploying various traps and tactics to thwart the mechanical feline's advances. Despite enduring numerous hazards, including explosions and flamethrowers, the robotic cat valiantly persists in its mission.

Ultimately, the mouse engineers its own explosive countermeasure, obliterating Porky's residence in the process. Surprisingly, Porky expresses relief at the apparent resolution of the pest problem, only to be met with the mouse's enigmatic reappearance and the cryptic remark, "Shall I tell him?"

title: Mouse Menace


text:
Heart rate monitor

A heart rate monitor (HRM) is a personal monitoring device that allows one to measure/display heart rate in real time or record the heart rate for later study. It is largely used to gather heart rate data while performing various types of physical exercise. Measuring electrical heart information is referred to as electrocardiography (ECG or EKG).

Medical heart rate monitoring used in hospitals is usually wired and usually multiple sensors are used. Portable medical units are referred to as a Holter monitor. Consumer heart rate monitors are designed for everyday use and do not use wires to connect.

History
Early models consisted of a monitoring box with a set of electrode leads which attached to the chest. The first wireless EKG heart rate monitor was invented in 1977 by Polar Electro as a training aid for the Finnish National Cross Country Ski team. As "intensity training" became a popular concept in athletic circles in the mid-80s, retail sales of wireless personal heart monitors started in 1983.

Technologies

Modern heart rate monitors commonly use one of two different methods to record heart signals (electrical and optical). Both types of signals can provide the same basic heart rate data, using fully automated algorithms to measure heart rate, such as the Pan-Tompkins algorithm.

ECG (Electrocardiography) sensors measure the bio-potential generated by electrical signals that control the expansion and contraction of heart chambers, typically implemented in medical devices.

PPG (Photoplethysmography) sensors use a light-based technology to measure the blood volume controlled by the heart's pumping action.

Electrical
The electrical monitors consist of two elements: a monitor/transmitter, which is worn on a chest strap, and a receiver. When a heartbeat is detected, a radio signal is transmitted, which the receiver uses to display/determine the current heart rate. This signal can be a simple radio pulse or a unique coded signal from the chest strap (such as Bluetooth, ANT, or other low-power radio links). Newer technology prevents one user's receiver from using signals from other nearby transmitters (known as cross-talk interference) or eavesdropping. Note, the older Polar 5.1 kHz radio transmission technology is usable underwater. Both Bluetooth and Ant+ use the 2.4 GHz radio band, which cannot send signals underwater.

Optical
More recent devices use optics to measure heart rate by shining light from an LED through the skin and measuring how it scatters off blood vessels. In addition to measuring the heart rate, some devices using this technology are able to measure blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). Some recent optical sensors can also transmit data as mentioned above.

Newer devices such as cell phones or watches can be used to display and/or collect the information. Some devices can simultaneously monitor heart rate, oxygen saturation, and other parameters. These may include sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and GPS to detect speed, location and distance. In recent years, it has been common for smartwatches to include heart rate monitors, which has greatly increased popularity. Some smartwatches, smart bands and cell phones often use PPG sensors.

Fitness metrics
Garmin (Venu Sq 2 and Lily*), Polar Electro (Polar H9, Polar H10, and Polar Verity Sense), Suunto, Samsung Galaxy Watch (Galaxy Watch 5 and Galaxy Watch 6*), Google (Pixel Watch 2*), Spade and Company, Vital Fitness Tracker**, Apple Watch (Series 7**, Series 9*, Apple Watch SE*, Apple Watch Ultra 2*), Mobvoi (TicWatch Pro 5*) and Fitbit (Versa 3** and Versa 4*) are vendors selling consumer heart rate products. Most companies use their own proprietary heart rate algorithms.

Accuracy
The newer, wrist based heart rate monitors have achieved almost identical levels of accuracy as their chest strap counterparts with independent tests showing up to 95% accuracy, but sometimes more than 30% error can persist for several minutes. Optical devices can be less accurate when used during vigorous activity, or when used underwater.

Currently, heart rate variability is less available on optical devices. Apple introduced HRV data collection to the Apple Watch devices in 2018. Fitbit started offering HRV monitoring on their devices starting from the Fitbit Sense, released in 2020.

title: Heart rate monitor


text:
Léon Gozlan

Léon Gozlan (11 September 1803 – 14 September 1866) was a 19th-century French novelist and playwright.

Life
When he was still a boy, his father, who had made a large fortune as a ship-broker, met with a series of misfortunes, and Léon, before completing his education, had to go to sea in order to earn a living. In 1828 we find him in Paris, determined to run the risks of literary life. His townsman, Joseph Méry, who was then making himself famous by his political satires, introduced him to several newspapers, and Gozlan's brilliant articles in Le Figaro did much harm to the already tottering government of Charles X.

He was made a member of the Legion of Honour in 1846, and in 1859 an officer of that order. He died on 14 September 1866 in Paris, and was buried at Montmartre Cemetery

Works
His first published works were:

 * 1820: les Émotions de Polydore Marasquin, edition : H. Laurens (Paris) (160 p.-4 f. de pl. en coul. : ill. ; in-16)
 * (undated) edition: F. Rouff (Paris) (32 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; gr. in-8)
 * 1825: Plus joyeuses aventures d'Aristide Froissard, edition : F. Rouff (Paris) (48 pages)

His first novel was:

 * 1828: Mémoires d'un apothicaire sur la Guerre d'Espagne, pendant les années 1808 à 1814, with: Sébastien Blaze(1785-184.), edition: Ladvocat (Paris)(2 vol. 447, 400 p.; 22 cm), '

This novel was followed by many others, including:

 * 1834: Les Intimes, (3 vol.), published under the pseudonym "Michel Raymond", with Raymond Brucker, Paris, Eugène Renduel,
 * Michel Raymond, was a pseudonym, first used for a book written by Michel Masson and Raymond Brucker: Le Maçon, mœurs populaires, (4 vol.) This book was received with great praise of the critics. The pseudonym used was the conjunction of the first names of these two men. In cooperation with Léon Gozlan Raymond Brucker wrote the novel Les Intimes. It was published in 1834 under the same pseudonym "Michel Raymond", in an attempt to ride on the success of this name. Although he never protested, after this Michel Masson stopped all cooperation with Raymond Brucker.

 * 1836: Le Notaire de Chantilly, edition : Dumont (Paris) (2 vol. in-8°)
 * 1838: Washington Levers et Socrate Leblanc
 * 1839: Les Tourelles, Histoire des châteaux de France, edition: Dumont (Paris) (2 vol. (358, 348 p.); in-8)
 * 1858: (new edition), edition: Michel Lévy frères (Paris) (1 vol. 349 p.; in-18)
 * 1839: Les tourelles, Histoire des châteaux de France, edition: Dumont (Paris) (2 vol. (358, 348 p.) ; in-8)
 * 1843: Aristide Froissart, (one of the most curious and celebrated of his productions)
 * 1886: Aristide Froissart (Nouv. éd.), edition: Librairie illustrée (Paris) (410 p. ; in-8)
 * 1845: Les Nuits du Père Lachaise, edition: A. Lemerle (Paris) (3 vol. in-8°)
 * 1890: new edition: Calmann-Lévy (Paris) (1 vol. (360 p.); in-16)
 * 1852: De neuf heures à minuit, edition: Victor Lecou (Paris) (III-350 p. ; in-18)
 * 1855: Le Tapis vert
 * 1857: Le Folle du logis
 * 1859: Le Folle du logis, edition : Librairie nouvelle (Paris), (In-18, 317 p. )
 * 1857: Les Emotions de Polydore Marasquin, edition: Librairie illustrée (Paris) (322 p.: ill., couv. ill.; in-16)
 * 1859: La Comédie et les Comédiens, edition: Michel Lévy, Paris, 1859, third edition. (17x11 cm. IV+345 p)
 * 1861: Le Faubourg mystérieux, Le Vampire du Val de Grâce, edition : E. Dentu (Paris) (In-18, 335 p.) (1861)
 * (translated by Brian Stableford as The Vampire Of The Val-de-Grâce in 2012; ISBN 978-1-61227-123-1)

 * 1862: Histoire d'un diamant, edition: Michel-Lévy frères (Paris) (320 p., in-8)
 * 1866: Le capitaine Maubert, edition: C. Vanier (Paris), (1 vol. (174 p.) ; in-18 ),
 * 18??: Le dragon rouge,
 * edition 1876: Bureaux du "Siècle" (Paris) 1 vol. (numbered 265–345); in-4)
 * 18??: Aventures merveilleuses et touchantes du prince Chènevis et de sa jeune soeur ; woodcuts: Bertall,
 * edition 1880: J. Hetzel (Paris) (1 vol. (120 p.) : fig. ; in-16 )
 * 1872: La Vivandière, edition: E. Dentu (Paris), (In-18, 315 p.)

His best-known works for the theatre are:

 * 1848: Le Lion empaillé
 * 1849: Une tempête dans un verre d’eau, first performance in Paris in the Théâtre historique, 18 décembre 1849
 * 1850: La Queue du chien d'Alcibiade, comédie in 2 actes, First performance in the Théâtre-Français, (Paris) 29 May 1850, edition: Michel-Lévy fr. (Paris)(48 p.; In-12)
 * 1850: Une Tempête dans un verre d'eau, two curtain-raisers which stayed long on the stage
 * 1852: Les Paniers de la comtesse
 * 1854: Louise de Nanteuil, pièce en cinq actes'', First performance in the Théatre du Vaudevilles 14 Januaryj 1854, edition : Michel-Lévy frères (Paris)(22 p. : fig.; 31 cm)(1860)
 * 1855: Le Gâteau des reines, comédie en 5 actes, en prose, first presentation in the theatre 31 August 1855, édition : Michel-Lévy frères (Paris) (In-18, 112 p. )
 * 1857: La Famille Lambert, comédie en 2 actes, en prose, first performance: 28 April 1857, Theatre du Vaudeville (Paris)
 * edition: Michel-Lévy frères (Paris) (12 p.: fig.; 31 cm) 1858,

 * 1861: La Pluie et le beau temps, comedie in 1 act, en proze, edition: Calmann Levy, Paris, (new edition, 1878) (28p, in.12)

He adapted several of his own novels to the stage. Gozlan also wrote a romantic and picturesque description of the old manors and mansions of his country entitled Les Châteaux de France (2 vols, 1844), originally published (1836) as Les Tourelles, which has some archaeological value, and a biographical essay on Balzac (Balzac chez lui, 1862).

title: Léon Gozlan


text:
Red Stocking Baseball Park

Red Stocking Base-Ball Park was a baseball grounds in St. Louis, Missouri. It was home to the St. Louis Red Stockings of the National Association (NA) during the 1875 season, so it is considered a major league ballpark by those who count the NA as a major league.

The site is first known to have been used for baseball in about 1867, when it was the home of something called the Veto Club, and was called the Veto Grounds. The grounds were evidently already well-known, as local newspapers in 1867 were calling it the "old" Veto Grounds. In 1874, the Red Stockings—then a local amateur club—built a grandstand behind home plate and a wooden stockade fence around the field. "The diamond lay near the southeast corner of the lot, home plate facing northwest," wrote Joan M. Thomas for the Society for American Baseball Research.

The venue was also known as Compton Avenue Baseball Park or just Compton Park, as it was bordered by South Compton Avenue (east, first base). Its other boundaries were railroad tracks (south, third base); Edwin Street and Theresa Avenue (west, left field); Spruce Street (north, right field); and with Scott Avenue and Gratiot Street T-ing into Compton from the east. In 1892, a new fence and additional seats were installed.

The park was used as a baseball venue off-and-on until it was razed in the late 1890s. It also hosted other local sports, including trap shooting and bicycle racing.

The site is currently occupied by Metro Transit's Central Facility.

Historical marker
On September 13, 2008, a historical marker noting the site's history was unveiled by the Bob Broeg Chapter of the Society for American Baseball Research. The marker was financed with funds by the SABR Chapter Ballpark Marker Committee. Local papers reported that the plaque would be installed, with the permission of the Bi-State Development Agency, at the entrance of the Metro garage that now occupies the site. The marker is on the southeast corner of Spruce Street and the entry driveway which is about 200 feet east of where Edwin Street tees into Spruce.

title: Red Stocking Baseball Park


text:
December 2004 in the United States

{| style="float: right; clear:right; margin-left: 3em; margin-bottom: 2em"
 * style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #fff5f5; padding: 7px" |
 * style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #fff5f5; padding: 7px" |

Deaths in December

 * 28 Jerry Orbach
 * 28 Susan Sontag
 * 26 Reggie White
 * 8 "Dimebag" Darrell Abbott

Ongoing events

 * Conflict in Iraq
 * 2004 Puerto Rico governor election recount
 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy
 * Washington gubernatorial election, 2004

Ongoing trials

 * Robert Blake
 * Michael Jackson
 * }

December 30, 2004

 * In the United States, the FBI probes incidents where lasers have been pointed to cockpits of various aircraft, for potentially harmful results. (ABC News) (New York Post) (Slashdot)
 * After several recounts, Democrat Christine Gregoire is declared the winner of the Washington governor election. However, her Republican opponent Dino Rossi, who was initially declared the winner after the initial tabulation and a recount, has not conceded and proposes a special election be held. (USA Today)(ABC)

December 29, 2004

 * American swimmer Michael Phelps is sentenced to 18 months of probation after pleading guilty to drunken driving on Wednesday. (Houston Chronicle)

December 28, 2004

 * Author and activist Susan Sontag has died at the age of 71 in New York City, apparently of complications from acute myelogenous leukemia. (Yahoo!)
 * Theater and TV Actor Jerry Orbach has died at the age of 69 in New York City, he was in treatment for prostate cancer. He is most famous for his work in Law & Order. He was survived by his second wife Elaine Cancilla and his sons from his first marriage Chris and Tony. (Yahoo!)

December 27, 2004

 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy: Moss v. Bush: Ohio Secretary of State Kenneth Blackwell fights a subpoena in a lawsuit contesting the presidential election. (AP) (AP) (freepress)

December 24, 2004

 * Democrat Christine Gregoire's lead in the race for governor of the U.S. state of Washington increases from 10 votes to 130 in the latest official count. (NY Times)

December 23, 2004

 * Former New York City Police Commissioner and U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security nominee Bernard Kerik withdraws from his joint business venture with former NY mayor Rudolph Giuliani, to take time to "clear his name". (Bloomberg) (MSNBC)

December 19, 2004

 * President George W. Bush is named "Person of the Year" by Time magazine for the second time. (CNN)Yahoo!

December 18, 2004

 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy:
 * Voting machine manufacturer Diebold Election Systems will pay a $2.6 million settlement to the State of California over the lawsuit filed by the state in September alleging that Diebold was not truthful about the security and reliability of its electronic voting machines.
 * In a sharp change from their traditional role, members of the U.S. Electoral College have filed a protest of the official election results, one even casting his electoral vote "provisionally" upon a revote. They have called for a member of the senate to protest the election results on January 6. , ,
 * In Topeka, Kansas, days-old baby Victoria Jo Stinnett is reunited with her father after her mother was allegedly strangled to death by Lisa Montgomery. Montgomery then cut the baby from her mother's womb and abducted the child. The AMBER Alert system is credited with assisting her safe recovery. (CNN)

December 17, 2004

 * Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld faces criticism from both Democrats and Republicans following a dismissive reply to a soldier in Iraq when questioned about vehicle armor. (CNN)
 * Cuban authorities put up photos of abused Iraqi prisoners in front of the US interests section in Havana after the U.S. displayed Christmas decorations in a protest against Cuba's human rights record. (BBC)
 * The United States declares Hizbullah's al-Manar TV channel to be a terrorist organization. (White House Official Statement) (Al-Jazeera)
 * President George W. Bush, speaking to business executives and economists at the White House, vows to push through big reforms to the Social Security program, including partial privatization of the state pension fund, during his second term. (BBC)
 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy: Moss v. Bush: Ohio voters refile request to overturn presidential election results.

December 16, 2004

 * Inuit leaders want to sue the U.S. government at the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights for causing global warming. They view the melting of the polar icecap in the Arctic as a threat to their existence as a people, an assault on their basic human rights. The announcement is expected today in Buenos Aires at the 10th round of international talks on climate change. (NYT) (Democracy Now!)
 * Former chess champion Bobby Fischer has been offered residency in Iceland. He is currently detained in Japan, and is wanted by the United States. (BBC)(Reuters)

December 15, 2004

 * Members of the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary from Democratic Party request an FBI investigation into alleged Ohio voting problems (NYT) (pdf), prompted by affidavits and sworn testimony taken at a congressional forum held on December 13.
 * A US$85 million test of the United States National Missile Defense system by the Missile Defense Agency is aborted when an unknown anomaly is detected before the launch of an interceptor missile in the Marshall Islands, 16 minutes after the launch of the target from Kodiak Island, Alaska. It is the first test since a previous failed test in 2002.  As in 2002, the Bush administration abandons plans to activate the system by the end of the year, and projects its activation in early 2005.  (Reuters) (Associated Press)
 * Sprint Corporation announces a US$35 billion deal to acquire Nextel Communications. With about $40 billion in combined yearly revenue the resulting company (called Sprint Nextel) will be the third largest wireless telephone service provider in the U.S. (MSNBC)
 * Human rights in Iraq: The U.S. is forced to release evidence which shows prisoners in Iraq were subject to mock executions, electric shocks, and burns by US Marines. (BBC)

December 14, 2004

 * The leader of Hamas, Khaled Meshal, tells the BBC's Newsnight programme that his group has had secret contacts with the United States and the European Union. (BBC)
 * The U.S. admits that more prisoners have died in American custody in Afghanistan than it has previously acknowledged. (BBC)

December 13, 2004

 * The jury in the Scott Peterson trial recommends that he be sentenced to death for the murder of his wife and unborn son. (CNN)
 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy:
 * As required by the United States Constitution, Members of the United States Electoral College meet in all 50 state capitols and the District of Columbia to cast their electoral votes, including an unexpected single vote for John Edwards by an elector in Minnesota. (Minneapolis Star Tribune)
 * All members of the Ohio delegation of the Electoral College cast their ballots for George W. Bush while a legal recount is still ongoing, after a written request by 11 Democratic congressmen (pdf) to suspend voting. (ABC)   (ABC)
 * The U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary hears testimony at a forum in Columbus, Ohio, regarding problems with the 2004 presidential election. (freepress.org) (statements) (audio, mp3) (video, wmv)
 * Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Michael O. Leavitt is nominated by President George W. Bush to succeed outgoing Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson in the Cabinet-level post. (Bloomberg)
 * Conflict in Iraq:
 * At least 13 people die following a car bomb attack on a U.S. checkpoint near the Green Zone in Baghdad, Iraq. (The Guardian)
 * The U.S. launches another air raid on the Iraqi city of Fallujah after eight U.S. Marines were killed by insurgents over the weekend. (ABC {aus})
 * Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration: Human Rights Watch, a New York based NGO claims that another three prisoners have died while in U.S. detention in Afghanistan. (BBC)
 * Oracle Corporation announces a merger deal to acquire PeopleSoft for approximately US$10.3 billion. (Oracle Press Release)

December 12, 2004

 * According to The Washington Postthe Bush administration used wire taps to intercept a number of phone conversations of Mohamed ElBaradei, Director General of the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency in hope of finding information that would help remove ElBaradei from his post. (CNN) (The Washington Post)
 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy:
 * The U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary will be holding a congressional forum in Columbus concerning new evidence of election irregularities and fraud in Ohio, the issue of Ohio electors meeting while recounts and litigation are pending, and to discuss legislative and other responses to the problems, on Dec. 13. (pdf)
 * The Civil Rights Coalition schedules a protest for December 18, demanding a re-vote in "areas where substantive disenfranchisement took place" and the prosecution of officials involved in "election fraud". (Civil Rights Coalition)

December 11, 2004

 * Bernard Kerik withdraws his nomination for the post of Secretary of Homeland Security, fearing a scandal over the immigration status of his nanny. (Newsday) (Bloomberg)

December 10, 2004

 * A riot forms in Puerto Rico between members of the PIP, the FUPI, the Socialist party and members of the police in front of the federal courthouse, where PIP and PNP backers had gathered two days before the outcome of the 2004 Puerto Rican elections were to be decided by a judge. Several people, including seven policemen, are severely injured. (El Vocero, in Spanish)
 * "Godfather of Soul" James Brown is diagnosed with prostate cancer and will undergo surgery next week. (BBC)
 * Camp X-Ray Prisoner Controversy: "Australian Taleban" David Hicks, held at the US military camp in Guantanamo Bay, says he has been beaten, kicked, handcuffed and blindfolded, his head slammed into concrete, forced to run in leg shackles, routinely deprived of sleep and offered the services of a prostitute by US troops. (BBC)
 * Conflict in Iraq: Cpl Wassef Ali Hassoun, a Marine who turned up in Lebanon after disappearing from Iraq, is charged with desertion. (BBC)

December 9, 2004

 * President George W. Bush nominates Jim Nicholson, U.S. ambassador to the Vatican, as his nominee for Veterans Affairs Secretary replacing out going secretary Anthony Principi.

December 8, 2004

 * The White House affirms that, despite reports to the contrary, John Snow will remain Treasury Secretary during President George W. Bush's second term of office. Meanwhile, Secretary of Veterans Affairs Anthony Principi announces his expected resignation. (CNN)
 * The United States Senate follows the U.S. House of Representatives in approving a complete overhaul of government intelligence services, creating the post of United States Director of National Intelligence. (BBC)
 * IBM announces that it will sell its PC hardware business to Lenovo, a Chinese computer company. (BBC)
 * Former Pantera guitarist Dimebag Darrell and three others are shot and killed during a Damageplan performance in Columbus, Ohio. Police shoot and kill the gunman. (NBC)

December 7, 2004

 * The United States Supreme Court heard arguments on the constitutionality of state laws that block merchants from shipping wine across state lines. Affected businesses and consumers claim that such laws are invalid under the commerce clause, long held to ban a state's discrimination against interstate commerce.
 * High-profile Democratic New York State attorney general Eliot Spitzer announces his campaign for Governor in 2006. (Yahoo!)
 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy:
 * Ohio Secretary of State, and Co-Chair of the George Bush Ohio Campaign, Ken Blackwell certifies election results. Two parallel vote count efforts are pending, one claims evidence that John Kerry is the legitimate winner of Ohio. (Associated Press) (NYT)
 * The U.S. military discusses plans for mandatory visibly worn ID badges, forced labor, DNA testing, and retina scans at "citizen processing centers" for all residents of the rebellious Iraqi city of Fallujah, saying they plan to make it a model city for the whole of Iraq. (Boston Globe)

December 6, 2004

 * Former Houston Rockets star Calvin Murphy acquitted of charges that he molested his five daughters. (Houston Chronicle)
 * The U.S. consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia is car bombed and then stormed by gunmen, killing nine Saudis. Saudi security forces kill three of the gunmen, arrest two others, and are in pursuit of several more. There are no U.S. casualties. (BBC) (Reuters/AFP)

December 5, 2004

 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy:
 * Hundreds gather at the Ohio statehouse to demand a recount of votes, citing fraud that took votes from John Kerry and gave them to George W. Bush. (AP)
 * A lawsuit challenging the Volusia County, Florida, election is thrown out for being a day late. The suit claims paperwork is missing from 59 of Volusia's 179 precincts and that precinct printouts show different numbers. (AP)
 * More than 20 are killed and many more injured in a series of attacks on Iraqis working for the United States by Iraqi insurgents today. (ABC)(BBC)(Reuters)

December 3, 2004

 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy: The U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary schedules a public congressional forum on voting irregularities in Ohio on December 8. (House.gov (PDF))
 * The Agency for International Development states they aim to boost the availability of electricity throughout Iraq to 18 hours a day by the end of next year from 11 to 15 hours now, estimably higher than before the 2003 U.S. invasion. (Reuters)
 * President George W. Bush nominates former New York City police commissioner Bernard Kerik to replace outgoing Secretary of Homeland Security Tom Ridge in the Cabinet position. Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson also announces his resignation. (Reuters)
 * Dissident investors in Disney, including former board member Roy Disney, nephew of the company founder Walt Disney, announced that they won't nominate a slate of alternate directors for the 2005 annual meeting. The announcement is a sign of an easing of tensions at that corporation's board. thestreet.com

December 2, 2004

 * 2004 U.S. presidential election controversy: The U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary requests Ohio Secretary of State Ken Blackwell to respond to alleged voting irregularities. (House.gov (PDF))
 * The Inter-American Court of Human Rights upholds Peru's conviction and continued imprisonment of U.S. citizen Lori Berenson on terrorism charges. (BBC) (AP)
 * A spokesman for George W. Bush requests that Myanmar release dissident opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, whose house arrest was recently extended. (BBC)
 * U.S. President George W. Bush nominates Nebraska Governor Mike Johanns to become the next Secretary of Agriculture. If confirmed by the Senate, Johanns would fill the Cabinet position currently held by resigning Secretary Ann Veneman. (Reuters) (Transcript)
 * Conflict in Iraq: The U.S. military, citing security concerns for the Iraqi transitional parliamentary election scheduled for January 30, 2005, announces the deployment of 1,500 additional troops to Iraq and tour extensions bringing the number to an all-time high of 150,000. (Reuters) (CNN)

December 1, 2004

 * TV personality Tom Brokaw ends his career as anchor for NBC Nightly News.
 * CBS and NBC refuse to air an advertisement by the United Church of Christ citing the advocacy of accepting homosexuals is "too controversial". The advertisement was accepted by numerous other networks including Fox, ABC and TBS. (CNN) (UCC)
 * President George W. Bush holds talks with Canada's Prime Minister Paul Martin in his first official visit to the country and agrees to work together to combat terrorism. (BBC)

News collections and sources

 * News collections and sources.
 * News sources - This has much of the same material organised in a hierarchical manner to help encourage NPOV in our news reporting.

title: December 2004 in the United States


text:
Talk:Free as in Freedom

Untitled
If this book is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License would it not be possible to have it in the wiki nettwork? Under Wikipedia or maybe Wikibooks. If that is possible, why not?
 * Yes, it would be possible, however wikipedia is an encyclopaedia, not a free text repository. For that kind of thing, have a look at http://wikisource.org/ . --fvw *  22:13, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * Not under wikibooks either since it's supposed to host free textbooks, not free biographies. -- Ævar Arnfjörð [ Bjarmason]   15:51, 2004 Dec 21 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Free as in Freedom


text:
Vijay Hazare

Vijay Samuel Hazare (11 March 1915 – 18 December 2004) was an Indian cricketer. He captained India in 14 matches between 1951 and 1953. In India's 25th Test match, nearly 20 years after India achieved Test status, he led India to its first ever Test cricket win (and the only victory under his captaincy) in 1951–52 against England at Madras, winning by an innings and eight runs in a match that began on the day that King George VI died. He received the C. K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996, the highest honour bestowed by BCCI on a former player.

Early life
Hazare was born in Sangli, into Marathi Christian family, in the then Bombay Presidency of British India in 1916, one of eight children of a school teacher.

Career
Primarily a right-hand batsman, Hazare was also a right-hand medium-pace bowler. A "shy, retiring" man (according to Wisden in 1952), it was widely thought that he was not a natural captain and that his batting suffered as a result. His rival, Vijay Merchant said that the captaincy prevented Hazare from becoming India's finest batsman: "It was one of the tragedies of cricket."

Even so, Hazare's Test record is very respectable: he amassed 2,192 runs in 30 Test matches with a batting average of 47.65. His first-class record is even more impressive, with a batting average of 58.38 for his 18,740 runs. He scored 60 first-class centuries (including 7 in Tests), the fourth highest for an Indian player and 10 first-class double centuries (including six during World War II, when India was the only Test cricket-playing country to continue holding its domestic first-class cricket competition without interruption).

His bowling record was more modest, and he took 595 first-class wickets (including 19 in Tests, and Donald Bradman's wicket three times) at a bowling average of 24.61. On the Indian domestic circuit, Hazare played for the Maharashtra, Central India and Baroda teams.

Some of his notable achievements include:
 * First Indian batsman to score a triple century in first-class cricket (considering KS Duleepsinhji as an English cricketer)
 * First Indian to score two triple centuries:
 * the first, his highest score, was 316 not out for Maharashtra against Poona in 1939–40
 * the second was 309 out of 387 for The Rest against The Hindus at Bombay in 1943–44. Despite his innings, The Rest lost the match by an innings. It included a partnership of 300 with his brother, Vivek Hazare. Vijay scored 266 (88.6% of the partnership) of the 300 runs while Vivek contributed 21. Hazare scored 79.84% of his team's score, then a world record, and it is the second highest individual score in a losing cause. The Rest's total is the smallest completed innings to contain a triple century.
 * First Indian to score a century in each innings of a Test match (116 and 145 on successive days against Australia in Adelaide in 1947–48, which was the same team that became known as The Invincibles)
 * Against England at Kanpur in 1951–52, Hazare also became the first Indian batsman to score a pair (a duck in both innings)
 * First Indian player to score a century in three successive Test matches
 * First Indian player to make fifty centuries in his first class career
 * Highest partnership for any wicket in first-class cricket (577 runs with Gul Mahomed for Baroda against Holkar in the final of the Ranji Trophy at Baroda in 1947. This record stood for many years, and was only broken in 2006 by Kumar Sangakkara and Mahela Jayawardene who put on 624 for Sri Lanka against South Africa.
 * First Indian player to complete 1000 Test Runs

In retirement, he was for a short while an Indian Test cricket selector. He has been honoured with a trophy in his name, the Vijay Hazare Trophy, a zonal-cricket tournament in India. He died in December 2004 following prolonged illness caused by intestinal cancer.

He and Jasu Patel were the first cricketers to be honoured with the Padma Shri.

Domestic cricket
Hazare was the leading run scorer of 1939–40 Ranji Trophy season. His team Maharashtra won its first title in that season, they defeated United Province cricket team in the final at Poona (Now Pune). In 1940–41 Ranji trophy he made 100 in the final and took 2 wickets. Maharashtra won the that season by defeating Madras cricket team in the final. Since that season Maharashtra not able to won Ranji trophy again.

Legacy

 * Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) named its primer one-day domestic cricket championship after Hazare as, Vijay Hazare Trophy.
 * Received BCCI's C. K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.

title: Vijay Hazare


text: User talk:69.138.24.99

title: User talk:69.138.24.99


text:
Talk:Caganer

Untitled
Seriously? This is like vandalism! Someone needs to take the "joke" reasons down. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.68.102.164 (talk) 01:23, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Link okay?
The "kakkers" link points to a non-English version of Wikipedia. Is that okay? Wikiwaterboy (talk) 20:40, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

How long?
Any idea how long this tradition has been in existance? crazyeddie 22:11, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Nope no idea. I've lived in Barcelona twice (both times through Christmas) and it is a real tradition that people practice (and I have a caganer on my mantel back home here in the USA.) No one seems to know when or how this or the Tió de Nadal became known.

 * DJKS 22:50, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Well, what's the earlist that anybody knows about? Some Barecelonan want to ask their grandparents? crazyeddie 04:30, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Really old grandparents :) ... I'll update the article. 68.81.231.127 09:25, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Oh, poop
These Catalans should be ashamed of themselves! 70.112.180.16 07:44, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, poop :p 68.81.231.127 09:25, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Barretina/Barratina
Nice work! We have an article barretina for what you spelled barratina. I linked and changed the spelling, but I am not sure which one is correct. Please use either spelling you think is correct. -- Chris 73 Talk 09:35, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks. In Catalan "barretina" and "barratina" are pronounced exactly the same. The correct spelling is "barretina." So thanks for the correction!!
 * DJKS 03:38, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Humor
I absolutely love the part about why the tradition remains in existence: This is a perfect example of the type of humor Wikipedia needs more of! --   Phyzome is Tim McCormack 18:22, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)
 * 1) The Caganer, by creating feces, is fertilizing the Earth. Thus, he is considered a symbol of prosperity and luck for the coming year.
 * 2) Some Catalans consider it to be funny.

Explanations, unverifiable speculation
While some may be humourous, the unverifiable speculative reasons given in the “Explanations” section constitute original research or synthesis and unreferenced hearsay. If there are humorous explanations, Wikipedia's role would be to factually report multiple notable publications of the explanation, with a full citation. 150.101.214.82 (talk) 12:40, 1 July 2014 (UTC)

So a wikipedian is somebody who won't laugh at a joke until he's found three references to prove it's actually funny? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.255.45.63 (talk) 18:31, 14 December 2014 (UTC)

Culture
Well, I am Catalan and I was surprised when seeing this article in the frontpage of Wikipedia. I can't thing of any Nativity scene which misses the Caganer. I've even seen scenes with the Caganer and missing the Shephereds and the Kings. I remember when I was little I was really surprised nowhere else in the world had the same tradition. I've asked my grandmother and she's always known about this tradition and is not aware of its origins. In fact, I don't know why, Catalan culture has always been really related with literally shit. We have a lot of refrains concerning this, and often in popular speech is a quite common topic to speak about, which can be somehow strange, ridiculous or even funny. As said in the article, Tió de Nadal is another example of it.

But the whole thing goes further. We have even poetry about defecating! I can't remember a lot from my Catalan literature but the most important author of Catalan Baroque literature (hope I'm not really wrong) even dedicated a poem to poo, called Himne a la merda translated to English as Hymn to the poo (sorry I can't find anything in the Net). At least, peculiar. I have no problem in telling how to pronounce Caganer, though I don't know how. Any link helping me? -- Sometent 19:02, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Anyone else find this article's tone to be almost in protest of the practice described? I found that to be a little unsettling to find in an encyclopedia entry...

 * Hi, you forgot to add a signature! (In the future, you can just type: ~, User:24.13.122.71.) In answer to your question, I think there are a couple of lines that clearly dance around the subject, but overall it seems fairly respectful. I'd be interested to hear from some native Catalonians on the topic. 68.81.231.127 04:29, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Something that I haven´t found in the article is a reference saying that the figure of the caganer also appears in the Nativity Scenes in other places in Spain. I´m from Andalusia and many people here put it in their scenes. Also the figure is well sold in many shops. Obviously, people don´t use the catalan name but a peculiar translation: "el tio cagando".

Did you know?
No I did not. Thank you Wikipedia. --NoPetrol 18:07, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This is fabulous. - Montréalais 01:38, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Just found one of these at Amazon and couldn't figure out what it was. Now I know, and now I find it disgustingly odd. Flight Risk (talk) 04:52, 23 November 2016 (UTC)

Synchronicity
I had JUST read an article about the controversy concerning using members of the Spanish royal family in such scenes. http://www.mg.co.za/Content/l3.asp?cg=BreakingNews-Andinothernews&ao=176832 discusses it.

Removed links
I added two links and expanded a bit, but I also removed the embedded links (there was already a link under external links, and a new link I added confirmed 18c), and the following links because they seemed a bit unprofessional: 68.81.231.127 23:26, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Caganer page
 * Our view of Spain

Pronunciation
How do you pronounce Caganer? And would it be patronising to include this at the beginning of the article? Palefire 03:03, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)

I'm an American currently living in Barcelona. When I first arrived here 3 years ago and saw my first caganer, I couldn't believe it was for real. But then as I began picking them out in just about every nativity scene I saw around the city, I saw that it was. There are even gift stores that sell limited edition, collection versions of famous people in the caganer pose. There are other variations as well...for example of the shepherd peeing.

As for the pronunciation: ka-ga-neh

--skyboy 00:02, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Actually it would be pronounced kuh-guh-NAY. In Catalan, the letters "a" and "e" are pronounced the same in unstressed syllables (as an unstressed "uh" sound.) Words ending in "r" are stressed on the final syllable and the "r" is silent. Some Catalans, however, will pronounce unstressed vowels as if they were in a stressed position (e.g., kah-guh-NAY.)

-- DJKS 03:45, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is great -- Last semester, during some "cultural discussion" in a Spanish II course at my college, the professor attempted to explain the significance of the caganer to the class. My classmates and I were all rather incredulous at the idea and since my prof ran out of ways to describe the concept delicately in English, class moved on and most of us forgot about it. -- Until I read the article.

--gordonfreeman 13:49, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The pronunciation in the internation phonetic alphabet is kə-γə-'ne. Llull 09:49, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Google Ads
This is one time I really wish that Wikipedia had Google Ads - because I kinda want to buy one these things for next years nativitiy scene. crazyeddie 20:48, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Reasons for the Caganer
I can't help feeling a rather major reason for the Caganer has not been included. There was a brilliant article on ship-of-fools.com (since deleted, alas) explaining how the traditional view of the Nativity has become increasingly sanitised, both in presentation and in theology, and the consequent "denial of shit" ("shit" being understood both literally and metaphorically) radically undermines the truth of the Incarnation. So the Caganer is a symbol of the utterly, even grossly, physical aspect of the human condition in which God participates through the Incarnation. I'm not quite sure how to include this (though I might have a try, if no-one else does first). In the mean time, serious respect to whoever it was who made the "unintended" (?!) pun about an "a posteriori explanation" – I laughed so much I kept the neighbours awake. Vilĉjo 01:22, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

I think that it's a play on the fact that the Christ-child is in the 'manger' - the animal food bin. So if 'manger' is to eat, we cannot ignore the subsequent act which eating entails. One might also consider a metaphor that one who has 'consumed' the truth of Christ is compelled to pass it along - hence the caganer is the first Evangelist! 65.11.167.15 (talk) 06:05, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

neighbour state
Changed the expression "neighbour state of spain" to "the rest of Spain". Currently Catalunya forms part of the Kingdom of Spain, and therefore part of the Spanish state. The expression "neighbour state" implies the existence of a Catalan state. Whether one views the existence of a Catalan state as positive or negative, one would have to agree that it doesnt exist at the moment. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 89.129.161.22 (talk) 19:10, 25 February 2007 (UTC).

Other countries
The article says there are German caganers, called "Choleramännchen", "Hinterlader." Being German, having never heard of such a tradition, I searched google and found: nothing. I want to say: Sources needed. Ben T/C 18:22, 18 December 2008 (UTC) More or less goes for the Dutch/ Flemish tradition. As far as I understand the Dutch text on it, it's just that they sell the Catalan figure there too. Which does not make it a tradition over there. Just a translation, which can be added in the sidebar, not in the text itself. --Eezie (talk) 19:39, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

A possible additional source
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12059969

Caganer in Portugal?
I'm portuguese and I've never seen this figure in my country... Where did the "inspiration" came from to say such thing in the article? What a complete nonsense!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.36.158.7 (talk) 14:33, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Just because you've never seen it doesn't mean it doesn't exist. See, , . Kafziel Complaint Department: Please take a number 14:59, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

This so called tradition does not exist in Portugal. It's not because one person didn't see it that it means it doesn't exist, the same way that it's not because one person has decided to say theysaw it that it suddendly does exist. And certainly it's not because someone decided to say it in Wikipedia that suddendly becomes true. A tradition is intrisically widespread, there is no such tradition in Portugal. Lusitana2013 (talk) 22:15, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
 * As all of the sources say, it is not as popular in Portugal and Italy, which would explain why you have never heard of it, but it does exist there. Sorry if you don't like that, but it's the truth.
 * Do you know what is inside every person's home in the entire country of Portugal? All of them? I live in New York, but how could I say for sure that something does not exist anywhere in New York? There are millions of people here. I don't know them all.
 * Instead of coming here to say "This does not exist", why not accept that it does exist, and be happy that you have learned something strange and new? Kafziel Complaint Department: Please take a number 22:48, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Capitalization
Is "Caganer" a proper noun (i.e. one to be capitalized) or not? The article itself is wildly inconsistent in this regard, and the sources appear to be as well. I'm entirely torn in my own thinking in this regard. The article should reflect consistent capitalization, though, at least in non-quoted material. Any thoughts? -  Julietdeltalima   (talk)  23:10, 21 November 2016 (UTC)

I encountered same problem in article on defecation, which included mention of canager in both upper- and lowercase. Then I clicked on link to this article hoping to clear up this issue, and instead was even more confused. Given that previous discussion of this issue took place a year and a half ago, are we the only two Wiki contributors who think it's important to get something as basic as this resolved in this article? Does anyone else "give a crap"? Kinkyturnip (talk) 16:26, 18 May 2018 (UTC)

Small translation question - "fort" does not mean "a lot"
The article currently says this:

"[A] popular Catalan saying for use before a meal is menja bé, caga fort i no tinguis por a la mort! ("Eat well, shit a good deal and don't be afraid of death!")."

The Catalan word fort is a cognate with the English word force, the Spanish fuerte, and originally the Latin fortis. In this saying it is an adverb. The obvious English translation is "shit strongly", but that sounds a bit stilted to my native English-speaking ear. I would say "shit heartily" or "take a hearty shit" reflects the sentiment of the Catalan saying. As a side note, Catalan is not the only language with a saying that embraces eating, pooping, and mortality and symbols of vitality. The link between vitality and defecation used to be very strong in many European cultures, and the use of laxatives (called "cathartics" in English at the time) was felt to be very important to restore vitality in many disease states. Fluoborate (talk) 08:13, 8 January 2017 (UTC)

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"possible translations"
I removed the Dutch "possible translations". This figure isn't a thing in Dutch tradition, so I fail to see why it should have a "possible translation". Googling the terms, I only found a few forums where people linked to this Wikipedia page as proof of some sort. Even the Dutch Wikipedia page uses the Spanish name, and a similar debate was held questioning the purpose of a Dutch translation. "Kakker" is indeed a term in Dutch, but roughly translates to "posh" in a negative way. A direct connection seems dubious. I won't claim there isn't one, but as it stands now, both the English and Dutch articles don't elaborate on that, or even cite any sources or dictionary entries. All that it really amounted to was a (small) list of translations into other languages. If we start doing that without good reasons, we'll end up having lists like that on most articles. Reviewing the German article, it also seems to be devoid of native terms for the figurines. I'll remove the entire section after posting this comment. It's my opinion that if the nátive article doesn't even bother to mention local names for foreign terms, the English article certainly doesn't need to include those. 87.209.236.59 (talk) 09:47, 30 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caganer


text: User talk:141.152.136.253

title: User talk:141.152.136.253