text:
Talk:Samarra

Untitled
Mention W. Somerset Maugham story?

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Demography
The informative section on demography and ethno-religious makeup of the city was deleted by a sour grape here who was bothered by the realty. Good job since Wiki has no editorial supervision over such beings. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2604:2000:C686:B00:223:12FF:FE20:7BC7 (talk) 21:59, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

Golden Mosque Bombing
"For centuries, people from the 7 tribes of Samarra have guarded the shrine. These guards are also called "gayaameen" in Arabic.  According to gayaameen from the Darraji tribe of samarra, a few hours prior to the fist bombing that occured, ICDC troops (Iraqi Civil Defence Corps) accompanied by coalition troops, temporarly relieved the Gayaameem of their duty.  As a result of the bombings coinciding with the duty relief of the gayaameen just prior to the bombing, scepticism grew as to what level of involvement the ICDC or coalition troops had in the tragic event.  Prior to the second bombing, the gayaameen where also relieved, except this time it was done by Internal Ministry officers (AKA: Maghaweer al-dakhiliah) accompanied by coalition troops.  The gayaameen this time where instructed to mobilize to the bridge (connects Samarra proper with the Gal'a)and establish a check point there. Soon after, the bombings occured, destroying the shrine for a second time."

This is a complete fabrication. The gayaameen were not relieved and coalition forces were not in any way involved with the bombings. Coalition forces were not allowed to enter any part of the mosque. The primary suspects in the 2006 bombing were Hamadi al-Takhi al-Nissani, al-Qaeda's "emir" in Samarra and Haitham al-Badri http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/04/world/middleeast/04iraq.html?pagewanted=print.

Samarra is a complete cesspool that is controled by corrupt tribes that earn their living through extortion, murder, and corruption. The United States government and Iraqi goverment have spent ove $400 million in revitalization projects since 2003 and there is not a single indicator within the city that points towards improvement. The money has been pocketed by the criminal gangs and insurgent groups who live in the area. Samarra has a history of security problems that pre-date the Ba'athist regime. I know no one wants to know this but my name is samarra dayshaun just saying thank you graciously for looking at this and i love you all and stop destroying samarra i plan on going there someday even though im only 11 years old.

Bombing raid
"On 16 March 2006, the US air force conducted a major bombing raid over the city. It was claimed to be the biggest attack of it's kind in Iraq since the invasion of 2003." Shouldn't this particular passage be listed as an "event in progress", since this particular campaign will probably continue for at least a few days? See the article below.

http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/03/16/iraq.main/index.html

The operation dubbed "largest since the invasion of 2003" referred to air assault, not bombing. Which means the US Army, not the US Air Force. And it was north of Samarra, I believe. Oh, and half the troops were Iraqi Army, not US. Who was doing the bombing?

 * "Operation Swarmer has yielded significant amounts of weapons and IED-making materials, as well as terrorist training materials. Caches include rockets and mortar rounds of varying sizes, rocket-propelled grenades, SA-7 surface-to-air missile components, hand grenades, machine guns, assault rifles and nearly 2,000 rounds of armor-piercing rifle ammunition.

 * "Troops also discovered more than 500-feet of detonating cord, blasting caps, artillery rounds packed with plastic explosive, and remote initiation devices such as cordless phone base stations and washing machine timers – materials all used to make IEDs.

 * "Other terrorist supplies included training publications, Iraqi Army uniforms, and video tapes. The tapes show U.S. troop locations in Iraq, the rigging and detonation of a car bomb, a suicide bomber and equipment taken from Iraqi Police." http://www.mnf-iraq.com/Daily/Mar/060319.htm

Other than that this section was ok.

 * OK; my mistake. But it takes nothing away from my main point - since the campaign was announced as stretching over several days, it should have been listed as an "event in progress". Jonas Liljeström 11:29, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Deleted external links
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Link for comment about Shiite travelling to Samarra?
The article states that no Shiite had problems travelling to Samarra for pilgrimage - is there a link? I have read that Saddam suppressed most Shiite rituals during his rule.

As an eyewitness I can say that we were free in performing pilgrimage to Samarra during Saddam's era. The last time I have visited the city was in 1992. I went to the holy places and found that significant maintainance effort was ongoing and everybody was doing his worshipping freely. Generally speaking, no one encountered difficulties in visiting Shia holey places in Iraq at that time. Only large events (like Ashura) were treated suspeciously by Saddam regime. Even during such events only fanatic people were taken a way.

Al-Samarraey, 20-Feb-2009

Modern Era section question
In the same paragraph it is stated that Iraq was invaded in 2003 by the United States of America, and in 2003 by Coalition Forces. Which one is it? While the USA did have by far the largest force, there were many other nations involved, therefore the "first" invasion statement might be considered either untrue, divisive, politically motivated, or emotional, depending on point-of-view. I do not know a whole lot about WikiPedia editing, but I would think that points-of-view need to be clearly marked as such, and referenced as to who holds that point. - J Kulacz 24.119.221.235 (talk) 02:40, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

“Sarr min ra’a” "سر من رأى"
I'd have thought this would transliterate as "sarr man ra'a", as min = from and man = who. Can any arabic speakers confirm this?

Rainbowsharkling (talk) 18:25, 28 September 2008 (UTC)

It is supposedly "surra man ra'â" which turned into "sâ'a man ra'â" (the opposit meaning of the first one)... These are falk etymologies... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.10.236.240 (talk) 06:34, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

Fairly nonsense statement about MI 16 blowing up mosque. Britain would seem to have no motive and besides does not engage in such bombings. Britain uses soldiers and is part of a force trying however badly to stabilise the area. Very unlikely any western government would engage in such demolition but plenty of evidence that disempowered Arab organisation do so so. This is therefore POV with little basis for inclusion. JDN —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.31.202.145 (talk) 09:27, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

samarran culture
Why page "samarran culture" assigned to page "Samarra (modern town)"? It is absolutely incorrect! 94.24.208.24 (talk) 06:54, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

swastika on Samarra bowl
REF 3: "The Samarra bowl, at the Pergamon Museum, Berlin. The swastika in the center of the design is a reconstruction.[3]" REF 3: Stanley A. Freed, Research Pitfalls as a Result of the Restoration of Museum Specimens, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 376, The Research Potential of Anthropological Museum Collections pages 229–245, December 1981. This implies the swastika was painted on to the bowl by someone at the Pergamon Museum.

I'd like to query this because swastika symbols were commonplace all over the ancient world (vast amount of data on this on wikipedia); why is it a surprise to find one in Ancient Sumer!? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Quaeroveritatem (talk • contribs) 11:49, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

I don't quite understand your point. It is a reconstruction. That's not the same thing as an unhistorical ornament. I mean, no further information given, I'd be inclined to believe that the people at the Pergamon Museum had something to go upon for their reconstruction. If their integrity is being disputed, this should be made clear. 77.233.67.168 (talk) 12:21, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Samarra


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40th New Zealand Parliament

The 40th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. Its composition was determined by the 1981 election, and it sat until the 1984 election.

The 40th Parliament was the third and final term of the third National Party government. Robert Muldoon, who served as both Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, remained in power. The Labour Party, led by former Prime Minister Bill Rowling, had made significant gains (actually winning the largest portion of the popular vote), but remained in opposition. The Social Credit Party was the only other opposition party in the 40th Parliament, holding two seats.

The 40th Parliament consisted of ninety-two representatives, the same as in the previous election. All of these representatives were chosen by single-member geographical electorates, including four special Māori electorates.

Overview of seats
The table below shows the number of MPs in each party following the 1981 election and at dissolution:

Notes
 * The Working Government majority is calculated as all Government MPs less all other parties.

Initial composition of the 40th Parliament
There were no by-elections held during the term of the 40th Parliament.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 40th New Zealand Parliament


text:
Talk:Wattle and daub

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ranwei. Peer reviewers: Dcorchado.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 12:45, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

dung
Are we sure that dung is merely a harmless side-effect of the mixing process? In Botswana, dung is an important component of durable, decorative mud floors in special places like a kgotla, and I think it's used in house-building as well. JackyR 23:53, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Cow dung is also used in Tharu houses - the wattles are made from elephant grass. (Sauraha, Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal)

I can't remember which of my books had a section on it, but I've seen it mentioned several times that the dung added with the mud and straw will greatly reduce cracking as it dries. Why? I've never gotten a straight answer for it. --Talroth 03:40, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Cow dung is used in South African traditional dwellings as well as early, settler wattle and daub houses. This improves 'the cohesion and plasticity of soils of low clay content'. The dung is applied over and onto mud plaster which is partially dry to help stop cracks developing. As I understand it, the dung mixture contains straw fibre which makes drying faster and, owing to its finer consistency, plugs any micro-cracks that may already be starting. Some more at http://practicalaction.org/docs/technical_information_service/mud_plasters_and_renders.pdf —Preceding unsigned comment added by BlandBaroque (talk • contribs) 08:03, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

All this history...
This seems to be a well written article. The descriptions of the various construction methods are detailed enough that I almost feel as if I could go build a wattle and daub wall myself. lichen-studios 04:07, 11 March 2007 (UTC)lichen-studios

Copyright problem removed
One or more portions of this article duplicated other source(s). The material was copied from: http://www.tonygraham.co.uk/house_repair/Wattle_Daub_Conservation.pdf (pp. 12-17). Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Moonriddengirl (talk) 21:40, 3 November 2010 (UTC)

Wattle made of...?
I see mention of Hazel. what else is it made of? Are the rigid verticals also made of hazel as well as the woven horizontals? Willow is more flexible and longer-lasting, so is it also used?

IceDragon64 (talk) 21:30, 7 May 2012 (UTC)

Possible additions and source
https://www.zomamuseum.org https://www.facebook.com/Zoma.Museum/ https://www.metropolismag.com/architecture/addis-ababa-zoma-museum-design/pic/51390/ Stephen Mikesell 13:31, 14 May 2020 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Singing Coyote (talk • contribs)
 * 1) Material: What are wattle and daub made of respectively? The construction part talks about the materials generally, but is there a significant difference among different regions in the world? If so, what are the factors that influence the materials?
 * 2) History: Is there any good examples of buildings that made of wattle and daub? It would be better if different regions can offer their own examples. Wattle and daub have been used since at least 6000 years ago. Is there any evidence about the exact time when it came into being? And since then, how it developed through time? What are the influences it has on modern architecture?
 * 3) Styles of panels: is there any other style?
 * 4) Acacias: I don't think it's necessary to make this one a separate item. I think it can be put into the construction part where materials of wattle and daub would be discussed.
 * 5) Variations: This part only introduces two variations generally. But what is the relationship between the variations and wattle and daub? Are they inspired by wattle and daub or did they evolve from wattle and daub, or they are just similar with wattle and daub coincidentally? Lath and plaster is mentioned at the beginning, it seems that this one is derived from wattle and daub. So can lath and plaster be put into this part as well?
 * 6) Stephen Mikesell suggests a section on modern revivals, or at least the Zoma Museum in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It was opened in March 2019 after two decades of construction by cultural anthropologist Meskerem Assegued and artist Elias Sime. It aims at reviving local appreciation and creating interest in modern construction using traditional Ethiopian wattle and daub construction techniques. Their technique of one-month fermentation of the clay-sand-straw-dung mixture creates a stone-hard structure that can be shaped into beautiful and intricate artistic designs. An article about it says "... the right mixture of mud and straw takes some time to be prepared: the material must be mixed every three days for about a month until it is fermented. It then takes some time for the wall to dry and harden. During this period the mud is easy to mold; this allows the builder to get creative." The pictures of the buildings are impressive, to say the least. Right now I am stuck someplace with slow internet and a slower computer and all airplanes out have been cancelled into the unforeseeable future, so I can't easily research it. If somebody doesn't do something with it in the interim I'll try to get to it. There are many articles about it, including a piece on NPR about it (where I first learned about it). I want to search for more technical articles about their construction, if I can find them.

 * 1) Possible source:
 * Cowan, Henry J. From Wattle & Daub to Concrete & Steel: The Engineering Heritage of Australia's Buildings. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press, 1998.
 * Forsyth, Michael, Materials & Skills for Historic Building Conservation. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Pub., 2008.
 * Blokker, Laura Ewen, and Heather A. Knight. "Louisiana Bousillage: The Migration and Evolution of a French Building Technique in North America." Construction History 28, no. 1 (2013): 27-48.
 * Anirban Chatterjee, Sudip K Ghosh, Ken Jang, Esther Bullitt, Chatterjee, Anirban, Ghosh, Sudip K, Jang, Ken, et al. “Evidence for a ‘Wattle and Daub’ Model of the Cyst Wall of Entamoeba.” PLOS pathogens : a peer-reviewed open-access journal published by the Public Library of Science. 5, no. 7 (April 27, 2008).
 * Guerrero, Anuar Terán, Goguitchaichvili, Avto, Esparza López, Rodrigo, Morales, Juan, Elguera, José Rosas, Soler, Ana María, Cárdenas, Efraín, and Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime. “A detailed rock-magnetic and archaeomagnetic investigation on wattle and daub building (Bajareque) remains from Teuchitlán tradition (nw Mesoamerica).” Journal of archaeological science, reports. 5 (n.d.).
 * Matthew D. Gawryla, Otto van den Berg, Christoph Weder, and David A. Schiraldi. “Clay aerogel/cellulose whisker nanocomposites: a nanoscale wattle and daub.” Journal of Materials Chemistry 19, no. 15 (2009): 2118-2124.
 * Robert P. Kruger. “A burning question or, some half-baked ideas: patterns of sintered daub creation and dispersal in a modern wattle and daub structure and their implications for archaeological interpretation.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 22, no. 3 (2015): 883-912.

Ranwei (talk) 23:10, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

Added information
Ranwei (talk) 11:50, 12 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Construction:
 * 1) In different regions, the material of wattle can be different. For example, in Mitchell Site on the northern outskirts of the city of Mitchell, South Dakota, willow has been found as the wattle material of the walls of the house.
 * 2) Reeds and vines can also be used as wattle material.
 * Variations
 * 1) In some places or cultures, similar techniques with wattle and daub were used. Sometimes people use different names for the technique, including pug and pine, mud and stud (stud and mud), hourdis, rab and dab, rad and dab, pierrotage/bousillage (bouzillage) and columage.
 * 2) Pierrotage, columage: Pierratage is the infilling material used in French Vernacular architecture of the Southern United States to infill between half-timbering with diagonal braces, which is similar with daub. It is usually made of lime mortar clay mixed with small stones. It is also called bousillage or bouzillage, especially in French Vernacular architecture of Louisiana of the early 1700s. The materials of bousillage are Spanish moss or clay and grass. Bousillage also refers to the type of brick molded with the same materials and used as infilling between posts. Columbage refers to the timber-framed construction with diagonal bracing of the framework. Pierratage or bousillage is the material filled into the structural timbers.
 * 3) Lath and plaster: As mentioned before, lath and plaster derived from wattle and daub has been widely used in modern construction.
 * Application
 * 1) Wattle and daub are mostly used in half-timbered construction or timber-framed house. Bajarreque and jacal are two specific examples of the application of wattle and daub.
 * 2) Bajarreque: Bajarreque is a wall constructed with the technique of wattle and daub. The wattle here is made of bagasse, and the daub is the mix of clay and straw.
 * 3) Jacal: Jacal can refer to a type of crude house whose wall is built with wattle and daub in southwestern America. Closely spaced upright sticks or poles driven into the ground with small branches (wattle) interwoven between them make the structural frame of the wall. Mud or an adobe clay (daub) is covered outside. To provide additional weather protection, the wall is usually plastered.

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Henry G. Blasdel

Henry Goode Blasdel (January 20, 1825 – July 26, 1900) was an American politician and a member of the Republican Party. He was the first Governor of Nevada, serving during the American Civil War and the first years of the Reconstruction era.

Biography
Blasdel was born on January 20, 1825, in the pioneer settlement of Cambridge near Lawrenceburg, Indiana. He had a limited education in the common schools of his native state. He married Sarah Jane Cox and they had three children.

Career
Blasdel worked as a farmer, storekeeper and river boat captain before he came to Nevada in 1861, when he was appointed Recorder of Storey County. He served on the National Union League Committee which notified President Abraham Lincoln of his renomination. He was active in mining and milling.

Securing the Republican gubernatorial nomination, Blasdel was elected Governor in 1864, and re-elected in 1866. During his tenure, the state government was organized, additional land was ceded to the state, plans were made for the first state capitol building, and an Indian uprising was dealt with.

After his governorship, Blasdel retired from political life and in 1891 he moved his family to Oakland, California, where he continued to be active in mining and milling.

Death
Blasdel died in his home in Oakland, California on July 26, 1900. He is interred at Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, Alameda County, California USA.

title: Henry G. Blasdel


text:
Factor 5

Factor 5 GmbH is an independent software and video game developer. The company was co-founded by five former Rainbow Arts employees in 1987 in Cologne, Germany, which served as the inspiration behind the studio's name.

In order to have a stronger relationship with Factor 5's North American partners like LucasArts, Factor 5, Inc. was established in the United States in May 1996 with legal support from LucasArts, and in late 1996 the core of the development team in Germany was relocated to the North American company headquarters in San Rafael, California. Julian Eggebrecht, one of the five initial co-founders, served as President of Factor 5's U.S. branch.

The U.S. company closed in May 2009, following the closure of Brash Entertainment, with which the company had multiple contracts. The original German company, headed by CEO Achim Moller, remained active due to its unrelated business policy and operations with the North American company.

However, in January 2011, Moller liquidated Factor 5 GmbH, and all game licenses were transferred to "Eggebrecht, Engel, Schmidt GbR".

On March 15, 2017, Factor 5 co-founder Julian Eggebrecht had announced that the company has returned and re-acquired the rights to the Turrican franchise.

History
The programming group which would eventually become Factor 5 had originally formed in the 1980s, in what cofounder Julian Eggebrecht described as a culture of hacking and multimedia programming on the local demo scene. Eggebrecht attended the Filmhochschule in Munich to become a movie director, and all the other members studied computer science.

While its founders were still university students, Factor 5 started out in game development as a part-time activity under partnership with Rainbow Arts for the Amiga computer. There, they had their earliest moderate success with Katakis, an R-Type clone of impressive technical performance. Due to the game's obvious similarity to R-Type, rights holder Activision Europe delivered an ultimatum: either Factor 5 accept a contract to perform the official R-Type conversion for the Amiga home computer, or receive a lawsuit for rights infringement. According to Julian Eggebrecht, this was because "Activision couldn't find any programmers" however the opportunity was "a dream come true".

Their first important success, however, came with Turrican, a game designed by Rainbow Arts designer Manfred Trenz. Factor 5 handled the Amiga and Atari ST versions of the game; and together with the original Commodore 64 version and several others, Turrican was a major hit across Europe in 1990.

In 1991, faced with the prospect of corporate formalities imposed by the video game console industry, the company founders quit school in favor of full-time corporate careers. Eggebrecht explained, "[t]he moment you go into console programming, you won't get a development system from Nintendo unless you have a reputable company." After they finished work on Turrican II: The Final Fight for the Amiga and Atari ST in 1991, Factor 5 built their own development kits and software environments for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Mega Drive/Genesis, codenamed Pegasus SNES and Pegasus Mega Drive. Subsequently, they decided to focus their efforts towards console game development in 1992 with several projects for the SNES and Mega Drive/Genesis, including new Turrican games and other titles contracted by companies like LucasArts, Hudson Soft and Konami, the latter of which had also Game Boy development contracts with them. In 1993, Factor 5 produced their last Amiga effort, an Amiga conversion of Mega Turrican handled with programming support from fellow company Neon Studios. They would develop games for the SNES, Mega Drive/Genesis, and Game Boy until 1996, when they switched their efforts to the PlayStation.

With the development of PlayStation games for LucasArts, the personnel located in Germany experienced communication difficulties in working with their North American partner due to the distance between both countries and the Internet speeds of that time being insufficient for the requirements of console development. This, together with legal assistance offered by LucasArts, resulted in a new Factor 5 branch in California. There, the core of the development team from Germany was established after they finished work on their PlayStation games in late 1996.

For a long time, the North American branch of Factor 5 was an exclusive, prominent development partner with both LucasArts and Nintendo, developing both game titles for the former and middleware tools for the latter. During that time, the studio gained considerable critical and commercial praise for its technical proficiency, producing what are often cited as some of the most visually advanced titles on the Nintendo 64 and GameCube, all based on LucasArts properties. Two high-profile middleware tools were also developed by the company for Nintendo: MusyX, a sound system produced in cooperation with Dolby Laboratories; and the DivX For Games SDK, integrating the functionality of the popular video codec into Nintendo's development tools.

In late December 2008, several online media outlets reported that Brash Entertainment (Factor 5's publisher of their current project) would close at the end of the month after encountering financial problems. This sudden interruption in funding left Factor 5 with their own funding difficulties, eventually causing its closure in May 2009.

Factor 5 had been involved in litigation with its former employees in the defunct North American Factor 5 company. The suit alleges that Factor 5 did not pay its employees for work during November and December, that employees were laid off without the required notice by law, that employees did not receive their vacation pay, and that the company misled the employees. The suit was filed in Marin Superior Court.

Amiga

 * 1988: Katakis
 * 1989: R-Type
 * 1990: Turrican
 * 1990: Masterblazer (intro only)
 * 1991: Turrican II: The Final Fight
 * 1991: The Adventures of Quik & Silva (under the pseudonym New Bits on the RAM)
 * 1992: Metal Law (under the pseudonym New Bits on the RAM)
 * 1992: BC Kid
 * 1993: Turrican 3 (conversion program by Neon Studios)
 * 1994: Tony & Friends in Kellogg's Land

Atari ST

 * 1990: Turrican
 * 1991: Turrican II: The Final Fight
 * 1991: The Adventures of Quik & Silva (under the pseudonym New Bits on the RAM; port of Amiga version)

Super Nintendo Entertainment System

 * 1993: Super Turrican
 * 1994: Indiana Jones' Greatest Adventures
 * 1995: Super Turrican 2

Sega Mega Drive/Genesis

 * 1993: Mega Turrican (released in 1994)
 * 1994: Mega Bomberman 8-players (unpublished demo)
 * 1996: International Superstar Soccer Deluxe

Game Boy

 * 1994: Contra: The Alien Wars
 * 1995: Animaniacs

MS-DOS

 * 1994: Tony & Friends in Kellogg's Land

PlayStation

 * 1996: Star Wars: Rebel Assault II: The Hidden Empire
 * 1997: Ballblazer Champions

Cancelled games

 * Indiana Jones' Greatest Adventures (completed but unreleased) (Sega Mega Drive/Genesis)

Nintendo 64

 * 1998: Star Wars: Rogue Squadron
 * 1999: Pokémon Stadium (Sound Compression Technology)
 * 1999: Resident Evil 2 (Sound Compression Technology)
 * 1999: Elmo's Letter Adventure (Sound Compression Technology)
 * 2000: San Francisco Rush 2049 (Sound Compression Technology)
 * 2000: Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo
 * 2000: Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine
 * 2000: Pokémon Stadium 2 (Sound Compression Technology)

Microsoft Windows

 * 1999: Star Wars: Rogue Squadron 3D
 * 2001: Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo

GameCube

 * 2001: Star Wars Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader
 * 2003: Star Wars Rogue Squadron III: Rebel Strike

PlayStation 3

 * 2007: Lair

Cancelled games

 * Animal Wars (PS3)
 * Icarus reboot of Kid Icarus (Wii)
 * Untitled Pilotwings project (GameCube)
 * Star Wars Rogue Squadron: Rogue Leaders Wii (completed but unreleased) (Wii)
 * Superman (PS3, Xbox 360, Wii)
 * Thornado (Nintendo 64)
 * Thornado (GameCube)
 * Turrican: Cyclone (PS3)
 * Virus (PS3)
 * WeFly (Wii)

Technology

 * MusyX: Dolby Sound Tools - Developed for Nintendo 64, GameCube, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance
 * DivX For Games SDK - Developed for GameCube

title: Factor 5


text:
User talk:Earpol

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VfD on radio stations
Hey, just wanted to make sure you didn't take my submissions of WRDF and WRFD to Votes for Deletion personally. I nominated the articles for deletion because a lot of us at Wikipedia feel that tiny radio stations like WRFD are not notable enough for Wikipedia. If you feel that WRFD is more notable than the thousands of comparable stations out there, feel free to show it in the VfD discussions and in your edits to the page. From your contribution history, I can see that you've made a lot of valuable edits, especially to Earring and Dimebag Darrell. Thanks for all your great work for Wikipedia! Szyslak 11:41, 15 Feb 2005 (UTC)

United States Economic Discussion
Please respond talk:United States. 207.224.198.170 03:35, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Earring
Labeling your changes to the Earring article as "additional refinement" when they really consisted of reverting most of the edits I'd just done, was a bit misleading. Furthermore, there were specific problems I saw that I was trying to correct (the worst of which I identified in my edit comment). Now that you've reverted those changes, the problems are back. The fact that some of them were basic grammar corrections is especially irritating. Tverbeek 03:48, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Saying that the left vs. right thing "isn't true" is more confusing than informative, and maybe that's part of why it's gone through so many revisions. It is what people said, and it is how many people interpretted it. (I got my left ear pierced in 83 and my right ear in 84, so I have a pretty clear memory of what people were saying.) And because the "rule" was going around, most people who didn't want to be misidentified went along with it. So there was some correlation. And because the whole world didn't drop dead since then, the notion is still running around, and many people still let it influence their piercing choices. Whether you like that is beside the point. It's out there and they do. Putting information about it in with the rest of the cultural history doesn't "give it weight"; it describes it and puts it in context, and lets anybody decide for themselves whether or not they like it and whether to abide by it. Tverbeek 19:03, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"In recent decades, some people have subscribed to the concept that a man's choice of pierced ear is symbolic of his sexual orientation. While true in some cases, it is generally not valid, because many people have not adopted this symbolism. Moreover, since the mid-1990s, the concept itself has been fading." The main problem with that is that it validates your POV (that it doesn't and shouldn't mean anything), while dismissing as merely "some cases" an entire generation of people for whom this silly rule was important, and as real as any other social norm or standard for behavior. On a college campus or in a high school cafeteria in the mid-80s you didn't have to "subscribe to" it; a pierced right or left ear had a generally-understood meaning. And that meaning wasn't just a baseless myth or legend; when I - after a lot of thoughtful consideration (and a six-pack of beer) - pierced my right ear and stopped wearing the left one for a while, it deliberately did indicate my sexual orientation, and people understood it. Furthmore, I'm skeptical that the notion has really died out as you believe, because pierced left ears still outnumber the right ones; there must be a reason. I don't understand your persistence in denying this, just because it doesn't reflect your own experiences. Tverbeek 00:55, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Dispute
Can you please check my comments in the deletion log of Stud earing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Stud_earing I do not want to go into a Edit war, so please do not remove the Image:Studearring.JPG from every page.

Genesis Communications Network
A tag has been placed on Genesis Communications Network, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a. If you can indicate how Genesis Communications Network is different from the previously posted material, or if you can indicate why this article should not be deleted, I advise you to place the template hangon underneath the other template on the article, and also put a note on Talk:Genesis Communications Network saying why this article should stay. An admin should check for such edits before deleting the article. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Please read our criteria for speedy deletion, particularly item 4 under General criteria. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. We welcome your help in trying to improve Wikipedia, and we request you to follow these instructions. Pablothegreat85 16:35, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Hippy Sippy
You did it a long time ago, but I just discovered it. Thanks for starting the article Hippy Sippy. Cheers and happy editing, Kingturtle (talk) 22:00, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Alrosa Villa
I have nominated Alrosa Villa, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Alrosa Villa. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Niteshift36 (talk) 16:18, 27 January 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:CsccLogo.png
 Thanks for uploading File:CsccLogo.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 05:29, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

A page you started (Jim Ward (quarterback)) has been reviewed!
Thanks for creating Jim Ward (quarterback).

I have just reviewed the page, as a part of our page curation process.

Hi. In the future, when there are multiple possibilities for an article title, rather than simply turning a redirect into a page, you should create a new article (with the appropriate dab in parentheses).

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title: User talk:Earpol


text:
INavsat consortium

The iNavsat consortium was a group of European companies that came together in 2004 to bid on a contract with Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) to run the Galileo positioning system. The group consisted of Thales, EADS and Inmarsat. In May 2005 iNavsat and its competitor Eurely consortium came up with a joint bid that eventually won the contract. After the GJU was replaced in 2006 by the European GNSS Supervisory Authority (GSA), some of the companies of INavsat and Eurely consortium regrouped into Galileo Industries, later called European Satellite Navigation Industries, to work for the Galileo project.

title: INavsat consortium


text:
Talk:Semolina

Untitled
Removed from article: " It is made from Cassava and is a common food like rice in countries such as Nigeria." This sentence directly contradicts the opening definition. I don't know what to make of it. Rmhermen 04:29, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

Farina is the Italian word for flour (French farine), and not related to the type of wheat used. Also note that all Triticum durum grown in North America is grown as spring wheat, not as hard as when it is grown around the Mediterranean as winter wheat. And, many taxonomists classify T.durum as a subspecies of T.turgidum or T.aestivum. As a last straw, some modern T.aestivum selections are higher in protein than natural T.durum!

In Africa, cassava is ground as a coarse flour and is a common food, so possibly semolina is used locally to refer to it - might be worth checking. JohnSankey 13:52, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

why was the reference to bengali removed?
I noticed that my comment about what semolina is called in Bangladesh and Bengali-speaking parts of India was removed. I'm going to put it back in, unless someone can give me a reason otherwise, because the current revision makes it seem as though semolina is used in different parts of India but not other areas of South Asia (e.g. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and so on). Now I don't know about Pakistan or Nepal or anything, but I do know that semolina is used in Bangladesh. Anyhow, just wondering. --SameerKhan 05:31, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know why it was removed before, but I'm sure if you put it in and included a verifiable reference, it wouldn't be removed. Kymara 16:46, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Cream of Wheat or Wheatina
Discussing grades of semolina, an Oregon State U website contains the following:

 * semolina flour: finely ground endosperm of durum wheat
 * semolina meal is a coarsely ground cereal like farina
 * wheatina is ground whole-grain wheat

Is this use of "wheatina" as a common noun usual? Should we include a rewrite of this info? -- Mwanner | Talk 17:34, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I doubt non-Americans will have heard of wheatina - I haven't. It's a little strange even having 'Cream of Wheat' mentioned but I have to assume it's a big enough brand that such a country-specific piece of information can stay. Kymara 08:07, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Sooji v. Maida
Why does the article claim that one is healthier than the other? Maida is just finer ground!

- --Gautam3 08:39, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Physics
In physics there's a quite good experiment with semolina in olive oil to find flux lines in electric fields. Wolfmankurd 14:48, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

Contradiction
The intro to this article defines semolina as coming from durum. Then later the article talks about a white semolina that comes from soft wheat. Should we not fix the intro to admit both types? --213.140.11.138 (talk) 17:32, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree this is a contradiction. Semolina is made from soft wheat as well as hard. Durum is no doubt one of many species of wheat which are made into semolina. --Dforest (talk) 03:11, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

==

Fixing the intro would not resolve the contradiction. The contradiction is with the title: farina (soft wheat meal, aka "cream of wheat") is not semolina (durum meal). It differs from it in taste, texture, nutritional content, and culinary and industrial uses. I would suggest instead creating a separate entry for farina, where the soft wheal meal is discussed.

Alternative, if all things are to be encompassed (rice, corn, etc), then the title should be "grain meal".

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.56.27.243 (talk) 23:28, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

Another (seeming?) contradiction
The opening two sentences seem to contradict one another. First, it says that semolina is a part of wheat that hasn't been ground into flour, then it says that it's part of wheat left over after the rest of the wheat has been ground into flour. Which is it? Bongomatic (talk) 09:03, 14 April 2008 (UTC)
 * That sounds like two similar ways to say the same thing - not a contradiction ? - Rod57 (talk) 14:41, 11 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I had a problem with this too, because the article then says, "The semolina is then ground into flour." I'm lost here. MikeR613 (talk) 17:56, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

Whole Semolina
The opening paragraph defines Semolina as the "purified middlings" of grain, but from searching the net I have seen many references to "whole semolina", or "100% whole durhum wheat semolina". This seems like a contradiction to the opening paragraph. Perhaps the word 'purified' should be removed, or whole semolina better explained? Is the bran separated, ground separately, and then re-mixed with the rest, or do they simply crack the kernels and then go straight to further grinding, or is "whole semolina" merely an oxymoron? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.93.199.78 (talk) 22:38, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

Linguistics
The "name" section of the article claims the word is not Indo-european in origin, but is from Arabian roots; if the latter is correct, then it most certainly is Indo-european in origin. It is my understanding that Indo-european language comes from all languages from India to europe (modern English is an Indo-european language); this is in agreement with the wikipedia description of "Indo-european languages" [which should probably be titled "language"]. Since this is an error in linguistics, it is possible that the "Name" section is incorrect about the origins. Sjahm (talk) 21:06, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Indo European (IE) does not come from all languages - but many languages (most European languages) derive from IE from Proto Indo European (PIE). 86.22.43.187 (talk) 20:44, 4 February 2024 (UTC)

Arabic is not an Indo-European language. I don't see the probolem. Reddyuday (talk) 14:35, 17 April 2010 (UTC)

Grießbrei
Well, actually being from Germany, I can tell you that our Grießbrei certainly doesn't contain any chocolate. It's made of milk, sugar, semolina and various other ingredients such as egg, cream, butter etc. which differ from recipe to recipe. And it's not a breakfast dish (at least not anymore in modern day Germany), it's a dessert (or baby's food). 84.167.43.165 (talk) 22:38, 11 August 2014 (UTC)Liza 12. August 2014

Apparent contradiction with wheat middlings
Intro says its the coarse wheat middlings. Production says it is just the endosperm (not bran or germ). but wheat middlings says they are the bran and germ (not the endosperm) - so which article is wrong ? - Rod57 (talk) 14:45, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

Interwiki
I've moved three items to link them to this article: bg:Грис, de:Grieß and nl:Griesmeel. They were previously linked to eo:Grio. I have no idea what is the difference between eo:Grio and eo:Semolo (which is linked to this article) though. Maybe someone can tell the difference and check if my edits were apropriate? Thanks. —  Ark25  (talk) 23:32, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

Mistakes
The article has many mistakes Semolina is coarse flour including the endosperm and the bran made exclusively from DURUM wheat (pasta wheat) Soft wheat is for bread making. As for the purified middlings part it's ridiculous. Semolina is nothing but purified. It's rough, raw and hard! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.126.4.53 (talk • contribs) 10:29, 4 January 2019 (UTC)

Pasta?
Seems very strange that the use of semolina in pasta making is never mentioned. I think that is huge compared to the other uses described. Seusomon (talk) 03:30, 24 December 2022 (UTC)

Why is Lithuanian etymology mentioned?
This line in the etymology section seems out of place: “ In the Lithuanian language sumalta means something that is milled, miltai means "flour" and malti means "to mill", while semolina in Lithuanian language is manai.[citation needed]” It also needs a reference.

Should we delete it, or is the etymology of the Lithuanian words specifically important for the English origin of the word? It seems to have been added on 12th of September 2020 Wintersnow1212 (talk) 06:25, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

Confusing Linguistics.
Hindustani includes Urdu and/or Hindi as most words are interchangeable. 'Pakistani' is not a language, Pakistan is a state created from Partition from what was Greater India circa 1947.

Across Northern India, the food item, semolina is known as Suji, not Rava. 86.22.43.187 (talk) 20:38, 4 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Semolina


text:
User talk:Big smelly troll

Unverified images
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I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 04:31, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Big smelly troll


text:
Andreas Vollenweider

Andreas Vollenweider (born 4 October 1953) is a Swiss harpist. He is generally categorised as a new-age musician and uses a modified electroacoustic harp of his own design. He has worked with Bobby McFerrin, Carly Simon, Luciano Pavarotti and in 1987 received a Grammy Award for the album Down to the Moon. Vollenweider's style has been described by The New York Times as "swirling atmospheric music, which evokes nature, magic and fairy tales".

Early life
Vollenweider was born on 4 October 1953 in Zürich, Switzerland, and is the son of Hans Vollenweider (1918–1993), an organist and composer, while his mother was a painter. In 1971, he married Beata, a kindergarten teacher, with whom he has two sons (Jonathan and Sebastian) and a daughter, Noëmi. In 1975, Vollenweider discovered the harp and, finding its traditional versions too limited for his own musical ideas, developed his own style, tailoring the instrument according to his needs. He created the electro-acoustic harp. He formed the trio Poesie und Musik together with Rene Bardet (bass) and Orlando Valentini (guitar), recording interpretations of the poetry of François Villon and Heinrich Heine, but left in 1978. During this period, Vollenweider also wrote music for film, mainly nature documentaries.

1980s
In 1979, he released his solo debut, Eine Art Suite in XIII Teilen in Switzerland. He subsequently began forming his ensemble "Andreas Vollenweider and Friends", which included Walter Keiser (drums), Pedro Haldemann (percussion), Bobby Reveron (percussion), and Jon Otis (percussion). This five-piece debuted on July 11, 1981, at the Montreux Jazz Festival. Vollenweider was discovered by the German record-producer and manager Vera Brandes, who oversaw the release of Behind the Gardens - Behind the Wall - Under the Tree.... through her VeraBra Records. The album was distributed through CBS Records International and reached 32 in the German album charts in March 1982. The follow-up Caverna Magica was recorded in the period May–November 1982 while Vollenweider and his band performed around Europe. Released in January 1983, the album managed to reach 11 in the German album chart. In 1983, he underlined his commitment to environmental issues with the EP "Pace Verde" in support for Greenpeace, which was accompanied by a video that Vollenweider directed and produced himself. In October of that year he was awarded a Dutch Edison Award in the Instrumental category for Caverna Magica.

In 1984, the album White Winds entered the American billboard chart. Released through CBS Masterworks in North America, his records remained on catalogue, clocking up to six-figure sales. Vollenweider embarked on his first American tour in November of that year, making his debut at the Beacon Theatre, New York. It was presented by Carly Simon who had come across his music a year earlier. She explained that "I knew I had discovered something that was going to change me in a wonderful way, I became so obsessed with his music that anyone who came to my house was introduced to it within the first 10 or 15 minutes". Through CBS she got in contact with the artist and arranged for his American debut. As his instrumental tracks were generally deemed unsuitable for radio, he largely relied on word-of-mouth in gathering an international following.

Vollenweider spent much of 1985 on tour, promoting the White Winds album with his five-piece band. The shows were described as a new age experience that combined the use of lights and dry ice while Vollenweider appeared as a "white-clad figure who's poised to drive the audience wild with a harp". In 1987, Down To The Moon, which had been originally recorded and released in 1984, received a Grammy Award. This was followed by tours in Canada, the United States, thirteen European countries, Japan, and Australia. When he composed the music of, and recorded, the dynamic album Dancing With The Lion in 1988 and 1989, Vollenweider opened his project, for the first time in his career, to numerous guests from a wide range of musical genres. He directed and produced two award-winning videos, one of which was for the title selection; for both videos, he contributed to the storyline, the choreography, and set/costume designs.

1990s
Vollenweider's double album The Trilogy (1990), consisted of a selection of the first three albums (Behind The Gardens, Caverna Magica, and White Winds) and previously unreleased material. In 1991, he followed up with Book of Roses, which included symphonic orchestral elements for the first time. In 1992, he participated in a benefit show for Chernobyl's children on Moscow's Red Square. The same year, he won the World Music Award in Monaco. In 1993-94, he produced his first album including vocals. The 1993–94 album Eolian Minstrel featured contributions from American singers Carly Simon and Eliza Gilkyson. The release was followed by worldwide tours.

In 1994, he performed at the Pavarotti and Friends event in Modena, Italy, where he played duets with operatic lyric tenor Luciano Pavarotti (a native of Modena) and Canadian rock balladeer Bryan Adams. After conducting tours and open-air shows in Europe and the United States, in 1995 he played in Latin America for the first time. 1995–97 saw Vollenweider playing a series of shows in remarkable locations: a tour of Polish castles, a show with Italian singer/songwriter Zucchero at the 2500 m high location (at -8°C) of Brunico in the Southern Alps, and in a giant volcanic cave at Lanzarote's Festival Musica Visual.

In 1998, Vollenweider began the recording of Kryptos, a work for symphonic orchestras and guest virtuosos from all over the world. He initiated a symphonic live project which he called Wolkenstein. In 1999, he returned to free improvisation and intimate musical dialogues with his album COSMOPOLY He invited friends, including American vocal acrobat Bobby McFerrin, Brazilian cult poet and singer Milton Nascimento, South-African ethno-jazz pianist Abdullah Ibrahim, the 74-year-old Armenian duduk legend Djivan Gasparyan, Galician bag-pipe and whistle virtuoso Carlos Núñez Muñoz, the American singer-songwriter Carly Simon, and American blues-trombone master Ray Anderson, from all over the globe to create "world music".

2000s
Throughout 2000, he traveled with the COSMOPOLY project in Europe. Its changing configuration of musicians — almost daily — enabled Vollenweider to follow the open concept of the album. In New York City, he and his friends played two concerts for the United States release. Carly Simon joined the group, as did Mindy Jostyn, Carlos Núñez, Djivan Gasparyan, XiaoJing Wang and Walter Keiser. Concerts in Brazil — with Milton Nascimento and composer/pianist Wagner Tiso — followed. In 2001, Vollenweider performed in Bali (Indonesia) at the international conference "song of convergence" with Balinese musicians. He began writing the "symphonic novel" Tales of Kira Kutan, which premiered at the Warsaw Film Music Festival 2001, with the orchestra Sinfonia Varsowia (Yehudi Menuhin), conducted by co-orchestrator André Bellmont. Returning to his native Switzerland, Vollenweider premiered Carte blanche at the AVO Festival in Basel, where his guests, in addition to a mini orchestra, included Abdullah Ibrahim and David Lindley.

In 2002, he performed at the Budapest Spring Festival in Hungary. Performances of the symphonies Tales of Kira Kutan and Wolkenstein at the Festival "Live at Sunset" in Zürich, with Sinfonia Varsovia, followed, as did a European summer tour, with the newly formed AVAF-mini orchestra, that included a performance at the "Big Chill Festival" in England and continued that fall. It was around this time that he collaborated with German film composer Hans Zimmer, in Los Angeles, on the music score for the movie Tears of the Sun (starring Bruce Willis and Monica Bellucci). In 2003, he continued his work with Zimmer. A performance followed, with his mini orchestra, in Johannesburg and at the "North Sea Festival" in Cape Town.

In 2004 and 2005, AVAF continued to increase touring activities in Europe. At this time, Vollenweider's entire catalogue was re-mastered and re-released on new record labels worldwide (USA/Canada: www.kinkoumusic.com; international: www.edel.com). A compilation, The Best of "Magic Harp, was released in the United States and Canada, and The Storyteller was released in Europe. A four-hour DVD was also produced. He played for the Dalai Lama, when the latter paid a visit in Zürich. In 2005, he released the album VOX.

In the first three months of 2006, following extensive touring in Europe, Vollenweider conducted his first tour of the US in over ten years, touring from coast to coast. At that time, he also released his first DVD, The Magical Journeys of Andreas Vollenweider, which contained almost four hours of live concerts, documentaries, interviews. During the summer of that year, he recorded a new album, titled Midnight Clear, in which he again collaborated with Carly Simon. (See above for his previous collaborations with her.) The last three months of 2006 saw Vollenweider touring in Europe, in addition to his release of Midnight Clear on a worldwide basis and that of the DVD The Magical Journeys of Andreas Vollenweider in the rest of the world. 2007 saw Vollenweider draw his third nomination for a Grammy Award for the soundtrack album of the current DVD release The Magical Journeys of Andreas Vollenweider. Concerts in Europe and the United States followed, as did, in September of that year, the release of the two-CD double album Andreas Vollenweider & Friends - 25 Years Live, which covered the period from 1982 to 2007.

In 2008, during his composition of the music for, and his recording of, the album A I R, Vollenweider was a guest performer at the celebration concert for the 80th birthday of Armenian duduk legend Jivan Gasparyan.

2010s
In 2010, Vollenweider gave concerts in Eastern and Western Europe. In June, he undertook a special concert project, which he titled The Watercourse Way, at the Shanghai Centre in Shanghai, China, as part of Expo 2010. A "Dream Concert" of the extended AVAF followed in August, as did the "Dancing With The Lion Orchestra" concert on the shore of Lake Zurich; it featured a gathering of Vollenweider's musical friends from all corners of the world. In 2011, three decades after his first concert, he accepted the invitation of Montreux Jazz Festival founder Claude Nobs to perform an exclusive jubilee concert, on 7 July, at the 45th such Festival, titled "30 Years Andreas Vollenweider & Friends". It featured special guests Richard Bona and Raul Midon.

In 2012, he played at the farewell concert for Claude Nobs, who had died in January of that year. In the same year Vollenweider was granted the Swiss Music Award for "Outstanding Achievement Award" for his continuing life's work. On Christmas Eve, Swiss Television broadcasts the first major documentary devoted to Vollenweider, in which filmmaker Cristina Karrer shows impressing and touching sequences recorded in October 2010 in South Africa. In May 2012 Andreas Vollenweider lends his name to a campaign by ROKPA, a charity he has been working with for decades. Children who had once lived on the streets in Kathmandu, Nepal, visit eight Swiss cities to tell their moving stories using theatre, dance and music, with a changing roster of Swiss musical guests and an equally celebrated line-up of TV moderators.

For a scientific study conducted between 2013 and 2016 by researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE) and the University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG) in Switzerland, Vollenweider wrote music that was specifically designed to improve the neural development of premature babies. The composer wrote three sound environments of eight minutes each, with punji, harp and bells pieces. The neural networks of premature babies who heard Vollenweider's music were significantly improved, becoming more similar to those of full-term newborns, "providing evidence for a beneficial effect of music on the preterm brain".

Style
His style has been described as weaving "elements of European classical and folk music, Third World vocal and percussive effects and natural sound effects into cyclical suites". Vollenweider is perceived as one of the pioneers of the New Age genre, although his earlier recordings appeared on the jazz Billboard chart. The composer found that "what I am doing is really a very old thing, a very 'old age' thing, because I'm doing what people have been doing for thousands of years'.

Activism
In the 1980s, Vollenweider was described as someone whose "politics run to the left, including support for Amnesty International and Greenpeace". He is an outspoken pacifist and follower of the principles of non-violent conflict management of Mahatma Gandhi.

Discography

 * Eine Art Suite In XIII Teilen (Tages-Anzeiger 1979)
 * Behind the Gardens (CBS, 1981)
 * Caverna Magica (Columbia, 1982)
 * White Winds (Columbia, 1984) – AUS #96
 * Down to the Moon (CBS, 1986) – AUS #67
 * Dancing with the Lion (Columbia, 1989)
 * Traumgarten (Columbia, 1990)
 * Book of Roses (Columbia, 1991)
 * Eolian Minstrel (Columbia, 1993)
 * Kryptos (Sony, 1997)
 * Cosmopoly (Sony, 1999)
 * Vox (Universal, 2004)
 * Midnight Clear (Content, 2006)
 * Air (Content, 2009)
 * Quiet Places (AVAF-Music, 2020)
 * Slow Flow / Dancer (AVAF-Music, 2022)

title: Andreas Vollenweider


text:
Garryowen (air)

"Garryowen" is an Irish tune for a jig dance. It has become well known as a marching tune in Commonwealth and American military units, most famously George Armstrong Custer's 7th Cavalry Regiment.

History
Garryowen, meaning "St John's acre" in Irish, is the name of a neighbourhood in Limerick. The song emerged during the late 18th century, when it was a drinking song of young roisterers in the city. An alternate title is "Let Bacchus's sons be not dismayed".

• :Let Bacchus's sons be not dismayed,

• :But join with me, each jovial blade;

• :Come booze and sing and lend your aid

• :To help me with the chorus:

• :Chorus:

• :Instead of spa we'll drink brown ale

• :And pay the reckoning on the nail;

• :No man for debt shall go to gaol

• :From Garryowen in glory!

• :We are the boys that take delight in

• :Smashing the Limerick lamps when lighting,

• :Through the streets like sporters fighting

• :And tearing all before us.

• :We'll break windows, we'll break doors,

• :The watch knock down by threes and fours;

• :Then let the doctors work their cures

• :And tinker up our bruises.

• :We'll beat the bailiffs out of fun,

• :We'll make the mayor and sheriffs run;

• :We are the boys no man dares dun

• :If he regards a whole skin.

• :Our hearts so stout have got us fame

• :For soon 'tis known from whence we came

• :Where'er we go they fear the name

• :Of Garryowen in glory.

Sung to the tune "Auld Bessie", it obtained immediate popularity in the British Army through the 5th (or Royal Irish) Regiment of Dragoons.

It was published with additional lyrics in Thomas Moore's 1808 "Irish Melodies". Beethoven composed two arrangements of the song during 1809–1810 (published 1814–1816 in W.o.O. 152 and W.o.O. 154) with the title, "From Garyone my Happy Home", with lyrics by T. Toms, on romantic themes. The arrangements were part of a large project by George Thomson to engage prominent composers of his time to write arrangements of the folk songs of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The composer Mauro Giuliani arranged the tune in Arie Nazionali Irlandesi nr.1-6 Op.125 (Six Irish Airs). The Bohemian composer Ignaz Moscheles included the tune in his op. 89 Souvenirs de l'Irlande, "Recollections of Ireland", for solo piano and orchestra.

British military units
A very early reference to the tune appears in the publication The Life of the Duke of Wellington by Jocquim Hayward Stocqueler, published in 1853. He describes the defence of the town of Tarifa during the Peninsular War, late December 1811. General Hugh Gough, commanding officer of the 87th Regiment (later the Royal Irish Fusiliers), under attack by French grenadiers, drew his sword, tossed his scabbard, and called on his men to stand with him until the enemy should walk over their bodies. The troops responded with the "Garryowen".

It was used as a march by the 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers) during the Peninsular War.

Garryowen was also a favourite during the Crimean War. The tune has been associated with a number of British and Commonwealth military units, including the Liverpool Irish, the London Irish Rifles, the Ulster Defence Regiment, and the Irish Regiment of Canada.

US military units
In early 1851, Irish citizens of New York City formed a militia regiment known locally as the Second Regiment of Irish Volunteers. The group selected "Garryowen" as their official regimental marching song. On 12 October 1851, the regiment was accepted officially as part of the New York Militia and designated the 69th Infantry Regiment (the famed "Fighting 69th"). It is presently known officially as the 1st Battalion, 69th Infantry and is part of the 42nd Infantry Division. The song is heard several times throughout the Warner Bros. movie The Fighting 69th (1940), starring James Cagney, Pat O'Brien, and Alan Hale, Sr., which chronicles the World War I exploits of the regiment.

7th Cavalry
It later became the marching tune for the American 7th Cavalry Regiment during the late 19th century. The tune was brought to the 7th Cavalry by Brevet Colonel Myles Keogh and other officers with relations to the 5th Royal Irish Lancers and the Papal Guard. As the story goes, it was the last song played for Custer's men as they left General Terry's column at the Powder River. The song features in the 1941 biographical western They Died With Their Boots On, featuring Errol Flynn as Custer. It is also heard in John Ford westerns She Wore A Yellow Ribbon (1949) and The Searchers (1956), both starring John Wayne.

The 7th Cavalry became a part of the 1st Cavalry Division in 1921. The word "Garryowen" was used often during the Vietnam War by soldiers of the 1st Cavalry as a password to identify each other. It became the official tune of the division in 1981. The words Garry Owen now form part of the regimental crest.

The tune became the name for bases established by the cavalry in various conflicts. The most recent was Contingency Operating Site Garry Owen in the Maysan Province of Iraq. FOB Garryowen was established in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom 8–10 in June 2008 by the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment. There was also a Camp Garry Owen north of Seoul, Korea, which housed part of the 4th Squadron of the 7th Cavalry.

Theodore Roosevelt considered it "the greatest fighting tune in the world."

title: Garryowen (air)