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Conan (talk show)

Conan is an American variety and late-night talk show that aired each Monday through Thursday at 11:00 p.m. Eastern time on TBS in the United States for 11 seasons, from 2010 to 2021. The show premiered on November 8, 2010, and was hosted by writer, comedian, and performer Conan O'Brien, accompanied by his long-time sidekick Andy Richter. Running for eight years and identifying as a traditional late-night talk show, Conan drew its comedy from recent news stories, political figures, and prominent celebrities, as well as aspects of the show itself. The hour-long show was akin to O'Brien's previous NBC late-night shows and was directed by Billy Bollotino.

Starting January 22, 2019, the show was reformatted to a half-hour length. In November 2020, TBS announced that the show would air its final episode in June 2021. The final episode aired on June 24, 2021.

Guests for the show came from a wide range of cultural sources, and included actors, musicians, authors, athletes and political figures.

Structure
Conan initially followed the established six-piece late-night format popularized by evening talk show hosts such as Ed Sullivan, Johnny Carson and David Letterman,  and previously executed during O'Brien's tenures as  host of NBC's  Late Night and The Tonight Show. Each episode of Conan from its first eight years runs 60 minutes in length, including commercials, and typically consists of:
 * Act 1: Monologue
 * Act 2: Comedy Bit(s)
 * Act 3: Celebrity Interview 1
 * Act 4: Celebrity Interview 1 continued
 * Act 5: Celebrity Interview 2
 * Act 6: Musical or Stand-Up Comedy Guest, Signoff

Opening titles
The original hour-long show opened with Richter proclaiming "Coming to you from Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, it's Conan!", and introducing O'Brien, The Basic Cable Band, as well as the episode's guests. For the first several seasons, each episode had a title, which Richter would announce at the end of the opening sequence. The titles were in the style of old-fashioned murder-mystery radio shows, television sitcoms, or other assorted jokes. The episode titles were dropped in early 2014.

The original title sequence was designed by Rob Ashe, Dan Dome and Eric McGilloway. There were several different variations of the opening credits, with the final product being inspired by graphic designer Saul Bass. The opening design process was described by Ashe as utilizing "organic-looking textures made of construction paper, soak them in soda, and light them in Photoshop."

Monologue
O'Brien opened each episode with a monologue drawing from current news stories and issues. The monologue was sometimes accompanied by clips and brief comedy skits, in addition to occasional interactions between O'Brien and Richter, and the audience.

Sketches and comedy bits
One or more comedy bits followed the monologue. Following the monologue, some comedy bits (such as those based on video clips) were presented from the monologue stage. Following the first commercial break, additional comedy sketches were typically presented from the desk area. Some sketches were original and appeared only once. Occasionally an additional sketch would air between the first and second guest.

Before taping
Before the show is being recorded and while the audience fills up audience seats warm-up comedians Gary Cannon or Jimmy Pardo would usually warm up the crowd before the show.

2019–2021: Half-hour format
In May 2018, O'Brien and TBS announced the show would be reformatted into a 30-minute show, with a looser structure starting 2019.

In January 2019, O'Brien gave a more detailed description of the new format of his show. It would not feature a band or a desk area, and for the first time as host of a talk show, O'Brien would not be wearing a suit. He commented, "I really don't miss the desk. It started to feel like I'm doing someone's taxes." The last hour-long regular episode aired on October 4, 2018. The new reformatted version premiered on January 22, 2019, on TBS. O'Brien's first guest for the new-look show was Tom Hanks.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the program switched to a remotely-produced format from O'Brien's home beginning March 30, 2020. In July 2020, it was announced that Conan would continue with this format, but would now be filmed with limited on-site staff from the Coronet Theatre in Los Angeles and no studio audience — making it the first American late-night talk show to return to filming outside of the host's residence (albeit still not from its main studio). O'Brien explained that "I got started doing improv at the Coronet in 1986 and I'm glad we've figured out a way to safely keep that theater going during this lockdown."

Episodes on location

 * October 31 – November 3, 2011: taped at the Beacon Theatre in New York City. Guests included Jimmy Fallon, Hugh Jackman, Matthew Broderick and Louis C.K.
 * June 11–14, 2012: taped at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois, as part of the TBS Just for Laughs Festival. Guests included Jack McBrayer, Andy Samberg, Johnny Galecki and Adam Sandler.
 * April 1–4, 2013: taped at The Tabernacle in Atlanta, Georgia, to coincide with the NCAA Final Four being held a few blocks away at the Georgia Dome. Guests included Seth Rogen, Paul Rudd, Steven Yeun and Charles Barkley.
 * March 31 – April 3, 2014: taped at the Majestic Theatre in Dallas, Texas, to coincide with the NCAA Final Four. Guests included Dirk Nowitzki, Adam Sandler, Seth Rogen, Simon Helberg and Charles Barkley.
 * July 8–11, 2015: taped at the Spreckels Theatre in San Diego, California to coincide with Comic-Con. Guests included Elijah Wood, Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson and Peter Capaldi.
 * July 20–24, 2016: returned to the Spreckels Theatre in San Diego to coincide with Comic-Con. Guests included the cast of Arrowverse shows, Will Arnett and the cast of Game of Thrones.
 * October 31 – November 3, 2016: taped at the Apollo Theater in Harlem.
 * July 19–23, 2017: had live shows from the Spreckels Theatre in San Diego to coincide with Comic-Con for the third year in a row. Guests included the casts of Bright, Supernatural, Kingsman: The Golden Circle, The Lego Ninjago Movie and Game of Thrones.
 * November 6–9, 2017: taped at the Apollo Theater in Harlem.
 * July 18–22, 2018: had live shows from the Spreckels Theatre in San Diego to coincide with Comic-Con for the fourth year in a row. Guests included the casts of Breaking Bad, The Predator, Glass, and Aquaman.
 * July 17–20, 2019: returned to the Spreckels Theatre in San Diego to coincide with Comic-Con for the fifth year in a row. Guests included the cast of It: Chapter Two, Tom Cruise, the cast of Veronica Mars and Orlando Bloom and Cara Delevingne from Carnival Row. Mark Hamill, Thomas Middleditch, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Norman Reedus, Kristen Schaal, Ben Schwartz and Isaac Hempstead Wright appeared in sketches. The Basic Cable Band also returned for these episodes.

Conan Without Borders
O'Brien has filmed several specials abroad. These episodes do not follow the traditional talk-show format, instead following O'Brien as he attempts to engage the locals and experience the unique cultural aspects of the area.

The series began in February 2015, followed the onset of the Cuban thaw, with O'Brien became the first American television personality to film in Cuba for more than half a century. Conan O'Brien then visited Armenia, accompanied by his assistant Sona Movsesian. The series became some of his most popular work, winning an Emmy in 2018. The international shows became available on Netflix before moving to HBO Max.

TBS announcement
Following the 2010 Tonight Show conflict, O'Brien announced on the first day of The Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour that he had signed a deal with cable network TBS to host a talk show on their late-night lineup, beginning in November 2010. Before the deal was announced, O'Brien initially had reservations about the move, as it would place comedian George Lopez's show, Lopez Tonight, one hour later to midnight, effectively doing to Lopez what NBC had wanted to do with O'Brien. However, Lopez reportedly called O'Brien and expressed his excitement about the move. Lopez went on to state, "I can't think of anything better than doing my show with Conan as my lead-in It's the beginning of a new era in late-night comedy." Lopez Tonight would be canceled less than nine months later. In an official press release by Turner Broadcasting, it stated that O'Brien had only begun negotiations a week prior to the official announcement of the show. Steve Koonin, President of Turner Entertainment Networks, went on to comment of the announcement, "Conan has been the comedic voice for a generation. TBS already has a huge audience of young comedy lovers, and Conan's show will give these fans even more reasons to watch our network."

In his own statement about the deal, O'Brien stated, "In three months I've gone from network television to Twitter to performing live in theaters, and now I'm headed to basic cable. My plan is working perfectly." O'Brien's production company, Conaco, reportedly owns all rights to the show. In addition to the announcement of the television series, TBS also announced a one-hour TBS Special, featuring several writers for Conan, as well as comedian Reggie Watts, who participated in O'Brien's Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour. The show was broadcast on June 27, 2010, leading up to the beginning of Conan in early-November. Additionally, in preparation for the show, a 24-hour "Live-Coco Cam" was set up on October 20, 2010, and featured various characters and staff members of Conan, including Richie Rosenberg, otherwise known as "LaBamba," as well as a short online broadcast from O'Brien's office entitled "Show Zero" on November 1, 2010. The show featured O'Brien as host, and was accompanied by Andy Richter, as well as Jerry Vivino, a member of the Basic Cable Band. The broadcast hosted several guests, including actor Jim Parsons and indie rock band Steel Train, and lasted a total of four minutes, and 51 seconds.

Weeks before the premiere, an orange Conan blimp was introduced to further promote the show. Designed by Blue Sky, an Atlanta firm, the dirigible provided aerial footage for 2010 Major League Baseball postseason games airing on TBS. It was subsequently incorporated into sketches on Conan, including a running gag where the blimp would follow actor Gary Busey around southern California, much to his chagrin.

Series premiere
The first episode of Conan, titled "Baa Baa Blackmail", premiered on Monday, November 8, 2010, at 11 p.m. EST on TBS. The episode's first guest was Arlene Wagner, the curator of Leavenworth, Washington's Nutcracker Museum. Wagner's position as Conan's debut guest was chosen by fans through a "rigged" poll at Conan O'Brien's official website, TeamCoco.com. The poll also consisted of Pope Benedict XVI, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, performers Justin Bieber and Lady Gaga, and actor Jack Nicholson, among others. Wagner's brief appearance was followed by actor and comedian Seth Rogen and actress Lea Michele, along with musical guest Jack White, who performed "Twenty Flight Rock", along with O'Brien himself. Actor Jon Hamm, appearing as his character Don Draper from the AMC series Mad Men, and talk show host Larry King, of CNN's Larry King Live, made cameo appearances in the show's cold open, with actor and comedian Ricky Gervais sending Conan a pre-taped message expressing his well wishes on the new series, then going on to express condolences for future job losses.

Reviews of the premiere episode by television critics were positive, calling it "a looser, quirkier take on a late-night talk show, but still a late-night talk show." James Poniewozik of Time found the episode to be enjoyable, and compared it to O'Brien's tenure during Late Night. Itzkoff went on to state, "The message, overall is that Conan the show is not so much about a reinvention of the talk show form as a restoration of Conan. He was doing something he wanted to do, a late-night talk show, and NBC made him stop doing it." He also praised the opening monologue, and Conan's performance with Jack White during the episode's conclusion. Frazier Moore of Associated Press went on to call the episode "a stylishly back-to-basics hour that radiated hard-won lessons from his brief stay hosting The Tonight Show," in addition to admiring O'Brien's "appealingly stoked yet comfortable" appearance on the show. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly also appreciated the Masturbating Bear cameo, and went on to call the show "pleasant, if a bit underwhelming." Less positive assessments of the show included Tom Gliatto of People, who accused the show of being a "modest, lowkey and slightly awkward affair."

Ratings
Despite a promising start, Conan suffered from low viewership throughout its eleven year run. Its series premiere drew 4.1 million viewers according to Nielsen, though it dropped to 2.02 million viewers by its fourth episode. By December 2010, Conan was lagging behind its broadcast competitors in overnight ratings, averaging 1.3 million tune-ins; by June 2011, it was fourth behind its cable competitors as well, averaging 743,000 total viewers. The drop was steep: one year after launching, the show had lost 60% of its total viewership. In August 2011, TBS secured the cable syndication rights to The Big Bang Theory at a reported $2 million per episode to serve as a lead-in to Conan three nights a week, in an effort to boost his ratings. Viewership in 2012 was 914,000, two years later, it had slid to 862,000 viewers.

Halfway through its run, the show became the lowest-rated of all of the major national late-night talk shows: it dropped to 580,000 total viewers in 2015, a 32% decline over its previous year, including a 61% decline in its key demographic, down to 310,000 viewers. By 2017, there was talk of retooling the show to a weekly format; eventually the network agreed to cut the nightly show by half an hour in 2018. In its final season (2020–21), the show averaged a paltry 282,000 viewers, representing a total drop of 29% over its last year, and 36% in its main demographic.

The run of Conan coincided with an overall drop in the linear audience, with more people cord-cutting and pursuing streaming options. In contrast to its live audience, Conan boasted strong online revenues with its Team Coco website, attracting a particularly young viewership that TBS leveraged into lucrative advertiser relationships targeting digital and social media. Research indicated Conan had the youngest audience of any of the late-night programs, and by 2018, online videos of the program had collectively attracted 3.4 billion views. Surveys suggested in 2012 that Conan drew more Hispanic viewers than any other late night program; another ranking two years later found the show did well in ratings among low income inner city viewers.

Production
On May 16, 2010, O'Brien announced that his new show would launch at Stage 15 on the Warner Bros. lot in Burbank, California. Taping of each episode began at 4:30 p.m. PST, which usually followed a rehearsal lasting from 1 p.m. until 3 p.m.

At its outset, O'Brien noted the new show's effort to not to reuse any of the previous Late Night or Tonight Show sketches, despite the difficulty, and they were unsure if some sketches were going to work. However, O'Brien noted in interviews that he might bring back certain bits in time. Characters and bits that eventually made appearances on Conan included The Masturbating Bear, Triumph, the Insult Comic Dog, Celebrity Survey, The Audiency Awards, Clutch Cargo interviews, and an update on the "Late Night" sketch If They Mated called If They Melded. The final day of longtime writer/performer Brian Stack in 2015 also saw the one-time return of one of his characters, The Interrupter.

Prior to the show's airing, O'Brien and Richter indicated that the show would more closely represent Late Night than Tonight in regard to content and material, meaning that edgier or questionable content excised as a result of the move to the earlier time slot will no longer be an issue at TBS. On the July 12, 2010, episode of Marc Maron's WTF podcast, Richter said that they no longer have to "worry about living up to a respected franchise", and that on The Tonight Show certain sketches "that just felt too 12:30" would be cut and how "it'll be nice to not have to worry about that anymore". During an appearance at the 2010 San Francisco Sketch Comedy Festival, O'Brien told the audience he was "no longer interested in 'broadening' the audience or trying to reach everybody of all ages," further implying the content would not be toned-down.

On September 1, 2010, O'Brien announced that the new show's title was simply Conan. Prior to the show's debut, set designers John Shaffner and Joe Stewart, who designed O'Brien's previous sets, cited The Legally Prohibited Tour as inspiration for the new set, adopting more of a "theatre" appearance than the previous shows. Shaffner commented on the choice of the show's chair, stating, "You find one that you like and then you build it yourself to make it a little shallower and a little more upright and the cushion a little firmer But not too firm or every time the guest sits down they'll say, 'Oooh this is a hard chair.'" The rest of the set was described as being "filled with warm wood tones and electric blue screens," and was compared to the set of his most recent stint on The Tonight Show. The new set featured several differences, however, including a remote-controlled moon, and the backdrop being transformed into a giant blue ocean.

In keeping with a change made during The Tonight Show, Richter joined O'Brien during celebrity interviews on the main set rather than remaining behind a lectern after the monologue. In May 2017, TBS renewed the show through 2022. The first show of 2018 saw the debut of a new set by production designer Christopher Goumas, which replaced the ocean backdrop with one depicting a studio backlot reminiscent of the Warner Bros. lot where the program was recorded. O'Brien began entering through a doorway on the left of the stage rather than a curtain on the right. O'Brien explained that the space was also deliberately tighter to promote a more "intimate" atmosphere, and jokingly demonstrated the ability for the set to be moved even closer to the audience on demand.

With the debut of the half-hour format in 2019, a new set was introduced with an even more compact design than before, which Richter jokingly compared to looking like "a strip club from Grand Theft Auto", with the desk area replaced by a series of armchairs around a coffee table. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and the associated lockdown, the show relocated to the Largo following several months broadcasting from his home. The show remained at the Largo until the conclusion of the series. On November 17, 2020, O'Brien announced that the show would end after the conclusion of its tenth season, and that he was moving on to produce a weekly "variety" show on WarnerMedia's streaming service HBO Max. Conan's 75-minute series finale aired on June 24, 2021, and featured highlights from the TBS era, appearances by Homer Simpson and Will Ferrell, Jack Black as the series' final guest, and an extended farewell message from O'Brien.

Jimmy Vivino and the Basic Cable Band
Jimmy Vivino and the Basic Cable Band served as the house band for Conan from the show's debut in 2010 until the end of its hour-long format in 2018. It was fronted by longtime band guitarist Jimmy Vivino. The band also included Richie "LaBamba" Rosenberg on trombone, Scott Healy on keyboard, Mike Merritt on bass guitar, Mark Pender on trumpet, Jerry Vivino on woodwinds, and James Wormworth on drums.

The Basic Cable Band started out as The Max Weinberg 7 on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in 1993, and was initially fronted by longtime E Street Band drummer Max Weinberg. It was renamed The Tonight Show Band with Conan's move to The Tonight Show in 2009. For the length of Conan's 2010 North American tour, the band was called The Legally Prohibited Band, with Weinberg largely absent. Citing recent open heart surgery and a desire to remain on the East Coast, Weinberg officially departed in September 2010. For the launch of Conan, the band was newly christened The Basic Cable Band, with Vivino officially taking over as bandleader.

For Conan, O'Brien sought to revamp the show's title theme song from its previous incarnations. In an interview with New York Magazine, O'Brien expressed his desire to create a new introduction from the previous compositions, which were used for O'Brien's entire 17-year relationship with NBC: "It just felt like the right thing to do There's this feeling of, 'Let's try and build something new.' I came out to that theme for seventeen years and it does feel like, you know what? Let's try some new stuff. Let's try and change it up." The new theme song was co-written by Vivino and O'Brien.

Jimmy Vivino and the Basic Cable Band's final appearance as house band took place on October 4, 2018. However, a smaller version of the band, christened Jimmy Vivino and the Basic Cable Four, returned to serve as the house band for the final two weeks of Conan in 2021.

International syndication
In Australia, the program was aired on GO!, a multichannel of the Nine Network from August 2012 following the 2012 Olympic Games but eventually dropped by GO! mid-2014. Originally it was intended to screen within 12 hours after its original U.S. broadcast at 11:30pm weeknights. The Comedy Channel which aired the previous versions of Conan's shows announced it would not air the program as the Nine Network had exclusive rights to Time Warner programs. Between November 2010 to July 2012, Conan was aired on GEM.

In Israel, the program began airing in early 2011 on the newly launched Comedy Central Israel channel. episodes were aired 4–5 days after their original TBS broadcasts. However, the channel discontinued airing Conan in October 2011.

From November 8, 2010, to August 30, 2013, the program aired in Canada on cable channel The Comedy Network on Monday to Thursday nights (Tuesday to Friday mornings) at midnight ET/PT, with a repeat on broadcast network CTV at 1:07 a.m. local time. The program was only initially announced for CTV, leading to some concern about the unusually late time slot, two hours after its airing in the United States for viewers in the Eastern Time Zone (the program airs on CTV Atlantic at 1:05 a.m. AT / 12:05 a.m. ET). This is due to local and national newscasts in the 11:00 p.m. hour, and CTV's commitments to The Daily Show with Jon Stewart at 12:05 a.m. and The Colbert Report at 12:35 a.m. CTV executives later said the program would likely air earlier on The Comedy Network, which is owned by CTV. However, that channel also had a conflict, since it has long aired both Daily and Colbert during the 11:00 p.m. ET hour, simulcasting the Comedy Central feed.

The Comedy Network then attempted to move up both programs to 10:00 p.m. ET beginning in September 2010, presumably to make room for Conan at 11:00; however, there were intermittent "technical difficulties" with getting the shows in time for the earlier airing, particularly for a series of special live Daily episodes in late October, which meant re-runs were aired in their place. After viewer complaints about the missed episodes, Comedy elected to move both shows back to their previous timeslots, meaning that Conan was rescheduled on that channel to midnight, on a one-hour delay from TBS. On September 3, 2013, Much Music began broadcasting the program every Monday to Thursday at 11 p.m. ET (8 p.m. Pacific), though it was moved back to its time-delayed midnight airing the following month. The repeat on CTV was moved to 1:37 a.m.

On September 3, 2014, the program began airing on Much at 12:30 a.m. after @midnight. On January 9, 2017, Conan began airing at 11 p.m. ET again, only to again be moved back an hour to midnight in April of that same year. Conan aired on Much until September 1, 2017. The program aired solely on CTV until April 2020, when it began airing again on the renamed CTV Comedy Channel at 11:30 after The Daily Show following Comedy Central's cancellation of Lights Out with David Spade. The show was pushed back another 15 minutes to 11:45 after Comedy Central expanded The Daily Show by 15 minutes.

Selling rights to a Canadian channel was necessary, since TBS ceased being available in Canada in October 2007. The local Atlanta station through which Canadian cable subscribers had previously received TBS programming then adopted a distinct schedule as WPCH-TV. Some speculated that WPCH might pick up the program anyway, since the revamped station continues to air some of the same syndicated series as TBS, but WPCH later indicated explicitly that it had no plans to broadcast the new O'Brien program.

In the UK and Ireland, the show aired on the channel truTV since its launch in August 2014, though it has been absent from the schedules as of August 2017.

In Portugal, Conan was retitled Conan O'Brien. The show aired on SIC Radical, in the same timeslot as his previous NBC shows, with daily broadcasts beginning on October 5, 2009. The show aired Monday to Friday beginning around 20h45 to 21h30, following The Daily Show, with occasional reruns interspersed among new shows. New episodes aired about two weeks after the US broadcast. However, since January 2016, SIC Radical stopped airing the show because the show's international distributor has ceased shipping the show outside the USA.

The show aired in Southeast Asia and Hong Kong on FX.

title: Conan (talk show)


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Dirichlet's principle

In mathematics, and particularly in potential theory, Dirichlet's principle is the assumption that the minimizer of a certain energy functional is a solution to Poisson's equation.

Formal statement
Dirichlet's principle states that, if the function $$ u ( x ) $$ is the solution to Poisson's equation

 * $$\Delta u + f = 0$$

on a domain $$\Omega$$ of $$\mathbb{R}^n$$ with boundary condition

 * $$u=g$$ on the boundary $$\partial\Omega$$,

then u can be obtained as the minimizer of the Dirichlet energy

 * $$E[v(x)] = \int_\Omega \left(\frac{1}{2}|\nabla v|^2 - vf\right)\,\mathrm{d}x$$

amongst all twice differentiable functions $$v$$ such that $$v=g$$ on $$\partial\Omega$$ (provided that there exists at least one function making the Dirichlet's integral finite). This concept is named after the German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet.

History
The name "Dirichlet's principle" is due to Bernhard Riemann, who applied it in the study of complex analytic functions.

Riemann (and others such as Carl Friedrich Gauss and Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet) knew that Dirichlet's integral is bounded below, which establishes the existence of an infimum; however, he took for granted the existence of a function that attains the minimum. Karl Weierstrass published the first criticism of this assumption in 1870, giving an example of a functional that has a greatest lower bound which is not a minimum value. Weierstrass's example was the functional

 * $$J(\varphi) = \int_{-1}^{1} \left( x \frac{d\varphi}{dx} \right)^2 \, dx $$

where $$\varphi$$ is continuous on $$[-1,1]$$, continuously differentiable on $$(-1,1)$$, and subject to boundary conditions $$\varphi(-1)=a$$, $$\varphi(1)=b$$ where $$a$$ and $$b$$ are constants and $$a \ne b$$. Weierstrass showed that $$\textstyle \inf_\varphi J(\varphi) = 0$$, but no admissible function $$\varphi$$ can make $$J(\varphi)$$ equal 0. This example did not disprove Dirichlet's principle per se, since the example integral is different from Dirichlet's integral. But it did undermine the reasoning that Riemann had used, and spurred interest in proving Dirichlet's principle as well as broader advancements in the calculus of variations and ultimately functional analysis.

In 1900, Hilbert later justified Riemann's use of Dirichlet's principle by developing the direct method in the calculus of variations.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dirichlet's principle


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Self Esteem (song)

"Self Esteem" is a song by American punk rock band the Offspring. It is the eighth track and second single from their third studio album, Smash (1994). The song was released on 22 December 1994 by Epitaph and was a worldwide hit, reaching number one in Iceland, Norway, Latvia and Sweden. "Self Esteem" was nominated for the 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards for Best Song. The song also appears as the third track on their Greatest Hits (2005). Its music video was directed by Darren Lavett.

Critical reception
In his review of the album, Andrew Mueller from Melody Maker wrote, "The clear highlight here is "Self Esteem", a self-abasing, self-pitying slandering of some or other black-hearted wench set to a rocket as inventive as they get." Pan-European magazine Music & Media commented, "Coming out once more to play the role of Nirvana's perfect replacement, Offspring delivers the punky action so sadly missed on rock radio because of Seattlers who take themselves way too seriously." John Harris from NME said, "The male-only dorms of US colleges have surely been throbbing to this for months. Small wonder: "Self-esteem" — to which the phrase "Crap Teen Spirit" barely does justice — is built around a premise that roots it firmly in the odorous world of the knucklehead male adolescent."

In 2012, Loudwire ranked the song number four on their list of the 10 greatest Offspring songs, and in 2021, Kerrang ranked the song number two on their list of the 20 greatest Offspring songs.

Music video
The music video for "Self Esteem" was directed by Darren Lavett (who directed the previous video, "Come Out and Play") and was shot in August 1994 after the Offspring had just gone both gold and platinum with Smash. In the music video several people are doing stunts, intercut with shots of the band playing on stage.

In the video, Dexter Holland wears three different band T-shirts. Initially, he wears a Sex Pistols T-shirt. Later he dons a T-shirt of the Germs, and then a Vandals T-shirt when he briefly appears as a human skeleton.

In an interview on the Offspring's Greatest Hits DVD, Noodles claimed that he gave his Fender Stratocaster (which he played in the videos for "Come Out and Play" and "Self Esteem") to one of the actors who appeared in the video.

"Self Esteem" remains one of the Offspring's popular videos. Its popularity on MTV helped launch the song to success on mainstream radio. According to Nielsen Music's year-end report for 2019, "Self Esteem" was the sixth most-played song of the decade on mainstream rock radio with 131,000 spins. All of the songs in the top 10 were from the 1990s.

DVD appearances
The music video also appears on the Complete Music Video Collection DVD. It was released in 2005.

Track listings
CD single, 7-inch blue and 12-inch black vinyl

CD maxi

The Offspring

 * Dexter Holland – lead and backing vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Noodles – lead guitar, backing vocals
 * Greg K. – bass, backing vocals
 * Ron Welty – drums

Other appearances

 * On July 20, 2018, 311 released a "reggaefied" cover of the song, which 311's lead singer Nick Hexum said is "probably my favorite song of theirs." On the same day, The Offspring released a cover of 311's "Down". Those cover versions coincided with the beginning of their 2018 Never Ending Summer co-tour.
 * The song was covered by Steve 'n' Seagulls in 2016.
 * The song was released as downloadable content for the video game Rock Band, in the "Offspring pack" which was released on October 7, 2008, along with "Gone Away" and "Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)". It also appears in SingStar Rocks!, Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock and The Darkness II. An upgraded version of the song was made available to download on March 1, 2011, for use in the Rock Band 3 music gaming platform in both Basic rhythm, and PRO mode which takes advantage of the use of a real guitar / bass guitar, along with standard MIDI-compatible electronic drum kits / keyboards in addition to up to three-part harmony vocals.

title: Self Esteem (song)


text:
File:Kansas - Song for America.jpg

Cover for album Song for America by Kansas.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Kansas - Song for America.jpg


text: Wikipedia:POTD/December 5, 2004

title: Wikipedia:POTD/December 5, 2004


text: Wikipedia:Picture of the day/December 5, 2004


text:
Song for America

Song for America is the second studio album by American progressive rock band Kansas, released in 1975. The album was reissued in remastered format on CD in 2004. The 10-minute title track was edited down to three minutes for release as a single. The 45 R.P.M. edit resurfaced 29 years later as a bonus track on the remastered release, which provided improved sound as well as expanded liner notes, rare photos, and a live version of "Down the Road".

Reception
AllMusic, in a retrospective review, praised the "intense energy" of the album's shorter songs, but contended that the longer songs require too much active listening to appreciate. They concluded that the album is "a good (if not adolescent) recording for a group of this genre." Conversely, Gary Graff described the title track as "one of prog-rock's sonic gems," recommending the album to "Those interested in Kansas at its most bombastic."

Steve Pettengill, writing for Sea of Tranquility webzine, describes the album as "full tilt symphonic rock with none of the stadium rock numbers that would pop up on later albums. Comprising four lengthy intricate pieces and two very American style romps, Kansas' second album very admirably showcases the band's trademark duality as proggers and rockers."

Ranking on the Billboard album chart with a peak of #57, Song for America would in the months subsequent to its February 1975 release sell approximately 250,000 units. Like all three of Kansas' first three album releases, Song for America attracted new commercial interest due to the platinum success of the band's fourth and fifth studio albums: Leftoverture (1976) and Point of Know Return (1977). Reported as having sold between 300,000 and 400,000 units in January 1978, Song for America would be certified Gold for sales of 500,000 units in June 1980.

Personnel

 * Kansas
 * Steve Walsh – organ, ARP and Moog synthesizers, lead vocals (except on "Down the Road"), backing vocals on "Down the Road" and "Lonely Street", piano on "Down the Road"
 * Kerry Livgren – electric and rhythm guitars (except on "Song for America" and "Lamplight Symphony"), Moog and ARP synthesizers, ARP strings, piano (except on "Down the Road")
 * Robby Steinhardt – violin, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Down the Road", "Song for America", "Lamplight Symphony"
 * Rich Williams – electric, acoustic, and rhythm guitars
 * Dave Hope – bass guitar
 * Phil Ehart – drums, glockenspiel on "Song for America", Moog drum and gong on "Incomudro - Hymn to the Atman"

 * Production
 * Jeff Glixman – producer, remastered edition producer
 * Wally Gold – producer
 * Peter Granet – engineer
 * Tom Rabstenek – mastering
 * Ed Lee – art direction
 * Peter Lloyd – cover painting
 * Jeff Magid – remastered edition producer

title: Song for America


text:
Talk:Song for America

Untitled
I won't try to correct this article again, but the claim that "Livgren’s lyrics to "Lamplight Symphony" and "Incomudro" were centered on Christian themes, as was fairly typical of his work" is wildly inaccurate.

1. Song For America is about how man is defacing his environment. 2. Lamplight Symphony is a fictional ghost story about a lost loved one. 3. Incommudro (a Hymn to the Atman) touches on the Buddhist / Hindu concept of the atman as well as reincarnation which are not Christian themes.

Livgren wouldn't begin to explore Christian themes until 1979's Monolith album.

Please read his autobiography "Seeds of Change". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.87.61.57 (talk) 15:59, 1 February 2012 (UTC)

 * As far as the individual songs: the article doesn't say anything about the lyrics to "Song For America", so I don't understand why you've mentioned that. Calling "Lamplight Symphony" a "ghost story" seems a bit disingenuous; a ghost, by definition, is a person who has died prematurely and is left with important unfinished business. None of that is indicated in the song's lyrics. Indeed, the song gives no hint as to whether the wife is really there at all, or just a figment of the protagonist's imagination. Moreover, the repeated lyric "someday they'd be as one" indicates that his wife has (or at least, he believes she has) moved on to an afterlife, and is not just a lingering spirit. The song is (and I have to say that I thought this was obvious) essentially about the protagonist coming to terms with his wife's death. It's hard to find anything in the song that isn't based on Christian principles.

 * That's interesting about "Incommudro". I'll go edit the article to correct that point. I'll also have to see if I can change the wording to be less contentious.

 * As far as Livgren's writings in general, it's inescapable that Livgren wrote about Christian themes well before he officially became a Christian; he even explicitly refers to things such as "the mark of Cain". I can understand why it's tempting to apply the generalization "Nothing Livgren wrote before his conversion has anything to do with Christianity", but such as generalization is inconsistent with his actual output.--Martin IIIa (talk) 23:06, 1 February 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Song for America


text:
Category:Nuclear test sites

Nuclear test sites are nuclear weapons testing locations in the world where nuclear weapons have either been detonated or specialist preparations made for nuclear weapons to be detonated.

title: Category:Nuclear test sites


text:
Three Card Poker

Three Card Poker is a casino table game based on poker. It was designed in 1994 by Derek Webb.

History

The casino variant of Three Card Poker was first created by Derek Webb in 1994 and patented in 1997. Webb's goal was to create a version of poker that played with the speed of other table games. It was important to Webb that he got the correct mix of three important factors for any casino game: the game rules were easy to understand, the payouts were large enough to attract players, and the house edge was enough that casino owners would be interested in adopting the game.

Webb established a business called Prime Table Games to market the game in both the United States and United Kingdom. The British Casino Association, now known as the National Casino Industry Forum (NCiF) suggested that Webb gain some experience in the US first, since the UK had regulations against such a table game and his application was not strong enough to convince regulators to make significant changes to their rules and regulations for a new game.

The first to adopt the game was Barry Morris, Vice President of Grand Casino Gulfport in Mississippi, after Webb had unsuccessful sales pitches with casino owners in Reno, Las Vegas, and Atlantic City. A key aspect of Webb's offer to Morris was to stand on the floor to train the dealers himself, as well as watch to make sure the game was being played correctly. United Kingdom gambling regulations were changed to allow the introduction of Three Card Poker in 2002.

Prime Table Games continued marketing Three Card Poker until 1999, when Shuffle Master acquired the rights to the game outside the British Isles. The sale was prompted by a lawsuit filed that year in US federal court by Mikohn Gaming, the then-owners of Caribbean stud poker, alleging patent infringement; Shuffle Master agreed to defend that litigation as part of the purchase. Subsequently, in 2007, Prime Table Games showed in a countersuit that the 1999 litigation was based on invalid patent claims; Mikohn (which had since been renamed as Progressive Gaming International Corporation – PGIC) settled the suit by paying $20 million. Further, Prime Table Games filed suit against Shuffle Master in 2008 alleging in part that Shuffle Master had undisclosed knowledge that the PGIC claims were invalid prior to the 1999 purchase; that lawsuit was later settled for over $2 million.

Rules
Three Card Poker is played as heads-up between the player's hand and the dealer's hand. After all ante wagers are placed, three cards are dealt to each player and the dealer. Players have a choice to either fold or continue in the game by placing a "play" wager equal to their ante. Hands are then exposed and wagers resolved.

The dealer's hand must be Queen high or better for the dealer hand to play. If the dealer does not play, then there is no action on play wagers and ante wagers are paid 1 to 1. If the dealer does play, the dealer and player hands are compared. If the player hand loses, both the ante and play wagers are lost. If the player hand wins, both the ante and play wagers are paid 1 to 1. If the hands are tied, then there is no action on either wager.

Additional optional bets are offered. The Pair Plus wager is a bet that the player's hand will be a pair or better. The Pair Plus wager wins if the player has at least a pair of twos. The payoff applies regardless of the dealer's hand, as the Pair Plus wager is not in competition against the dealer's hand. Some casinos also offer an Ante Bonus, which is paid on the ante wager for a straight or better. The typical Ante Bonus paytable pays 5 to 1 for a straight flush, 4 to 1 for a three of a kind, and 1 to 1 for a straight. Like the Pair Plus wager, the Ante Bonus pays regardless of whether that hand beats the dealer's hand.

Hand ranks
Probability of Queen high or better is 69.59%

Variations
Some venues have added a wager called Prime in United Kingdom casinos and the game is known as Prime Three Card Poker. The Prime wager is optionally placed before cards are dealt and pays on the color of the player cards. If all three cards are the same color the payoff is 3 to 1. However, when included with the dealer hand if all six cards are the same color then the payoff is increased to 4 to 1.

Another variation is "six card bonus", in which the players are given a payout based on the best five-card poker hand that can be made using any combination of the player's three cards and the dealer's three cards. Payoff ranges from 5 to 1 for three of a kind to 1000 to 1 for royal flush. Payoffs are paid regardless of whether any other bets pay.

title: Three Card Poker


text:
WWE Experience

WWE Experience is a syndicated American television program that was produced by WWE which mainly recaps events taking place on Raw and SmackDown. The show ran from May 2004 until September 2005 in the US, broadcasting 64 episodes domestically before its cancellation.

The show continued to run in international markets, with it being televised in Mexico as well as in Asian, European and in some African countries. The final episode of Experience aired in January 2020 internationally, and the show was cancelled.

History
The show was originally broadcast by Spike TV and was aired Sunday mornings at 10 A.M. The original hosts were Todd Grisham and Ivory, with the setting of the show being outdoors and usually around New York City. The PG-rated show was aimed at younger viewers and it summarized the events of Raw and Smackdown. The program marked the return of WWE programming to Sunday mornings since the cancellation of WWF Superstars of Wrestling in August 2001.

When WWE programming moved to the USA Network during September 2005, WWE Experience was cancelled in America to later be replaced with AM Raw, but the show continued to be produced for overseas audiences. The filming was moved to the WWE studios in Stamford, Connecticut following reports that Grisham hated to film in the rain. Ivory was released from WWE a few weeks before the cancellation of the show in the United States. In July 2006, Todd Grisham was replaced as host by Josh Mathews, and no clear reason for Grisham's replacement was confirmed despite Mathews reportedly saying, "No reason, Todd's gone, [Josh is] here, deal with it". After Josh Mathews became a commentator on ECW, he was replaced by Jack Korpela. In November 2011, following Korpela's departure from the WWE, he was replaced by Matt Striker. In late 2012, Striker welcomed Renee Young as co-host, and following Striker leaving the WWE in early 2013, Young remained as the sole presenter of the show until she was replaced by Kyle Edwards. When Edwards was released in April 2016 he was replaced by Cathy Kelley who was temporarily joined by Corey Graves soon after.

Experience aired its final episode on the first weekend of January 2020. It was confirmed in a tweet by its host Scott Stanford that production would cease on the show, and no further episodes would air.

The WWE has maintained the Experience trademark after its cancellation. As part of its long term agreement with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the WWE opened its first WWE Experience exhibition in Riyadh on February 16, 2024 during the 2023–24 Riyadh Season.

Canada
There was also a different version of the show that aired on the Canadian sports network Sportsnet 360 (previously known as The Score). It mainly recapped Raw and SmackDown. Previously hosted by network personalities rather than WWE employees, the Canadian version was most recently hosted by Scott Stanford and Alyse Zwick, while past hosts have included Ryan Paton, Glenn Schiiler, Derek Snider, Greg Sansone, and Arda Ocal (who later hosted the American version of the show under the name Kyle Edwards). The program first aired on Sunday, October 8, 2006, and in January 2020 was replaced by This Week in WWE.

Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico hosts their own version of the show that airs Sundays at 1pm on free-to-air WAPA-TV, with the show being hosted by WWE's Spanish broadcaster Marcelo Rodriguez. The show is part of the WWE Weekend programing of the network that features the Spanish broadcast of SmackDown on Saturdays at 1pm and Experience on Sundays.

Malaysia
Malaysia had their own version of the show hosted by Zawen. It aired on Astro Ria, which is hosted by Malaysia's satellite provider, Astro Malaysia. The show began airing early 2009, before being cancelled after 10 months on the air.

title: WWE Experience


text:
File:Kansas - Masque.jpg

Cover for album Masque by Kansas.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Kansas - Masque.jpg


text:
Masque (Kansas album)

Masque is the third studio album by American progressive rock band Kansas. The album was released in September 1975, remastered for CD in 2001, and again remastered and reissued on vinyl in 2014. The opening track, "It Takes a Woman's Love (To Make a Man)", was remixed for release as a single but was not popular, including additional guest vocals and segments far different from the album version.

Masque peaked at #70 on the Billboard album chart, and approximately 250,000 units were sold within months. Each of Kansas's first three album releases had new commercial interest with certified Gold sales of 500,000 units (Masque in December 1977) due to the platinum success of the fourth and fifth studio albums: Leftoverture (1976) and Point of Know Return (1977).

Personnel

 * Kansas
 * Steve Walsh – organ, piano, clavinet, Moog synthesizer, congas, lead and backing vocals
 * Kerry Livgren – lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitar, piano, clavinet, Moog and ARP synthesizers
 * Robby Steinhardt – violin, lead and backing vocals
 * Rich Williams – lead and rhythm guitars
 * Dave Hope – bass guitar
 * Phil Ehart – drums, percussion
 * Additional musicians
 * Earl Lon Price – saxophone on track 1
 * Production
 * Jeff Glixman – producer, remastered edition producer
 * Lee Peterzell – engineer
 * Jimmy Stroud – assistant engineer
 * Jeff Magid – remastered edition producer

title: Masque (Kansas album)


text:
CSS Georgia (1862)

CSS Georgia was a screw steamer of the Confederate States Navy, acquired in 1863, and captured by the Union Navy in 1864.

Construction
The ship was built in 1862 as the fast merchantman Japan. She had a round stern, iron frame, fiddle-bow figurehead, short, thick funnel and full poop. Having an iron hull, she was clearly unsuited to long cruises without drydocking during a period when antifouling under-body coatings were yet unknown. Commander James Dunwoody Bulloch, a key Confederate procurement agent overseas, would have nothing to do with iron bottoms, but Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury settled for Japan because wood (which could be coppered) was being superseded in Great Britain by the new metal; consequently wooden newbuilding contracts were not easy to buy up in British shipyards.

Confederate States Navy
The Confederate States Government purchased her at Dumbarton, Scotland, in March 1863. On 1 April 1863, she departed Greenock, reputedly bound for the East Indies and carrying a crew of fifty who had shipped for a voyage to Singapore. She rendezvoused with the steamer Alar off Ushant, France, and took on guns, ordnance and other stores. On 9 April 1863 the Confederate flag was hoisted and she was placed in commission as CSS Georgia, Commander William Lewis Maury, CSN, in command. Her orders read to prey against United States shipping wherever found.

Calling at Bahia, Brazil and at Trinidad, Georgia recrossed the Atlantic Ocean to Simon's Bay, Cape Colony, Africa, where she arrived on 16 August 1863. She sailed next to Santa Cruz, Tenerife, in the Canary Islands, thence up to Cherbourg, France, arriving 28 October 1863. During this short cruise she captured nine prizes.

While Georgia was undergoing repairs at Cherbourg in late January 1864, it was decided to shift her armament to CSS Rappahannock. The transfer was never effected, however, and Georgia was moved to an anchorage 3 nmi below Bordeaux, France. On 2 May 1864 she was taken to Liverpool and sold on 1 June 1864 to a merchant of that city over the protest of Charles Francis Adams, Sr., United States Minister to Great Britain. The steamer again put to sea on 11 August 1864, and on 15 August 1864 was captured by the United States Navy frigate USS Niagara (1855) off Portugal. She was sent into Boston, Massachusetts, where she was condemned and sold as a lawful prize of the United States.

Merchant ship
The ship was documented as the U.S. merchant ship SS Georgia in New Bedford, Massachusetts, on 5 August 1865. She was reregistered in Canada in 1870. The property of the Quebec and Gulf Ports Company and still named SS Georgia, she was on a voyage from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Portland, Maine, when she was wrecked without loss of life on the Northern Triangles, a reef in Penobscot Bay off the coast of Maine, at 43.9275°N, -69.02778°W on 14 January 1875 while steaming at night in a snowstorm.

title: CSS Georgia (1862)


text: Talk:Masque (Kansas album)

title: Talk:Masque (Kansas album)


text:
Carrie Fulton Phillips

Caroline "Carrie" Phillips (née Fulton; September 22, 1873 – February 3, 1960) was a mistress of Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States. The young Carrie Fulton was known by admirers to have epitomized the Gibson Girl portrait of beauty, a look popular at the turn of the 20th century. Her relationship with Senator Warren G. Harding was kept secret from the public during its time and for decades thereafter. The affair ended when Phillips blackmailed Harding during the Senator's run for office for President of the United States.

Phillips was the first woman known to have successfully blackmailed a president of the United States.

Early life
Born September 22, 1873, in Dayton, Ohio, Phillips was the only daughter of Matthew Henry Fulton (1840–1906) and his wife Kate M. Swingly (1851 – after 1873). She had five younger brothers: George Fred, Percy Matthew, James Edward, Thomas Durman, and Chester Courtney Fulton. She was raised by her parents in Bucyrus, Ohio, where her father was a telegraph operator.

Her paternal grandfather, George Washington Fulton (1802–1864), was a successful businessman and engineer active in developing the town of New Brighton, Pennsylvania. George married Mary Ann Kennedy (1812–1887), a sister of Matthew T. Kennedy (1804–1884) and Samuel Kennedy (1810–1886), brothers who established the Kennedy Keg Works first at Fallston, Pennsylvania (1836), and later opened a second operation in New Brighton (1876). George was successful in various ventures, from lumber to real estate, some in connection with his brothers-in-law, with his family reaping the advantages of his success in wealth, comfort, and education.

Carrie married James Phillips in 1896, and the couple moved to Marion where Phillips was co-proprietor of the Uhler-Phillips Company, one of Marion's leading dry goods establishments. The couple quickly established themselves as active members of the local society, in large part due to Phillips’ charm and beauty. Among Phillips's friends and confidants was Florence Harding, wife of the owner and publisher of the city's leading newspaper, The Marion Star.

Affair with Warren G. Harding
James and Carrie had two children, daughter Isabelle (1897–1968) and son James, Jr. (1899–1901). The boy died as a toddler, and, during this time of grief Mrs. Phillips and Warren Harding grew close, despite their respective marriages and friendships. The Phillipses and the Hardings undertook tours of Europe together, all while Phillips and Harding carried on their intimate relationship.

After the affair came to light, Florence Harding, Warren's wife, was furious. She claimed that this was not the first time that her husband had entered into an affair with a woman whom she considered a friend. To separate the two lovers and allow time for the respective marriages to be reconciled, the Phillips family returned to Europe, leaving the Hardings in Marion. While in Germany, Mrs. Phillips became immersed in German culture. She chose to stay in Germany and enrolled their daughter in school there. James Phillips returned to the United States alone.

While Mrs. Phillips was in Europe, Harding ran for the United States Senate. As Europe moved closer to the brink of war, Phillips returned to the United States. Her passion for Germany was very well known. Upon returning to Marion, Phillips' affair with Harding reignited. Phillips reportedly threatened to expose the affair if Harding voted in favor of war with Germany.

In mid-1920, immediately following his acceptance of the Republican Party nomination, Harding disclosed his affair with Mrs. Phillips to Republican Party officials, also disclosing that Phillips was in the possession of hundreds of love letters he had written to her, many on Senate stationery. Reportedly wary of a scandal involving an affair as well as Phillips' support of the German government, the Republican Party urged Mr. and Mrs. Phillips to keep their travels abroad a private matter. Mrs. Phillips responded by dictating terms under which she would consider the party's wishes. In return for Phillips' silence on the matter, the Republican Party offered to pay the way for an extended tour of Asia and the Pacific Islands, as well as an annual stipend to Phillips for the remainder of her life.

After the affair
After Mrs. Harding's death, Mrs. Phillips relocated to Germany. Mr. Phillips died on July 3, 1939, at the age of 73, from heart disease.

Carrie Fulton Phillips died on February 3, 1960, at the age of 86. She was buried in Marion Cemetery, next to her husband and infant son. Their daughter Isabelle and her husband William Helmuth Mathee are also buried in the family plot. Isabelle and Mathee had a son, also named William Helmuth Mathee (1920–1988).

Following Phillips' death, the love letters to Warren Harding became the centerpiece of a court battle that pitted Phillips’ daughter, Isabelle Phillips Mathee, against nephews of Warren G. Harding. The Library of Congress publicly opened letters between Phillips and Harding on July 29, 2014.

In a subsequent legal action, Isabelle Mathee joined the Hardings and received a temporary injunction that prevented historian Francis Russell's inclusion of the material in his book, The Shadow of Blooming Grove. Ultimately, the court ruled the letters would be sealed until July 2014, at which time their contents would be made public. The material is now in the possession of the Library of Congress, with copies held at Ohio Historical Society.

Love letters
In 1964, about 1,000 pages of love letters written by Harding to Phillips between 1910 and 1920 were discovered. The letters were written while Harding was Lieutenant Governor of Ohio and subsequently as a sitting US senator. Upon discovery, the letters were sealed and handed over to the Library of Congress on condition that they not be released to the general public for 50 years. On July 29, 2014, 1000 pages of the Harding-Phillips love letters became public. In 2009, the historian and lawyer James Robenalt published a smaller collection of letters, based on microfilm copies located in Cleveland’s Western Reserve Historical Society. This collection has been reproduced in Robenalt’s book, The Harding Affair: Love and Espionage During the Great War.

title: Carrie Fulton Phillips


text:
Talk:Ealdorman

Untitled
I am removing the following text, as it is inaccurate:

 * The Old English word for Ealdormen is Ældormenn, meaning, "older men".

The Old English word for Ealdormen is, indeed, "Ealdormen" itself. The conservative spelling has survived intact. The spelling "Ældormenn" is virtually unattested within the Old English corpus. Ealdormen is the most common Old English spelling. Aside from that, describing "Ealdormen" as meaning "older men" is arguably undesirable, as OE "men" is generally considered to be gender neutral and no equivalent modern term exists. --Yst 20:50, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Is magistrate an appropriate description for Ealdorman, or would King's representative or deputy be a better approximation? --Smile 01:24, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The Old English meaning is rather vague. It's hard to capture the ministerial and military implications of the term simultaneously in a single term.  Magistrate is probably fine.  --Yst 20:50, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge (and move)
I'd suggest merging Thegn to here, and dealing with the other nebulous Anglo-Saxon titles which appear as the Latin patricius, dux, comes, princeps, praefectus, subregulus, and the rest. As I understand it, ealdorman is simply a vernacular term for "important nobleman". One "ealdorman" can be a dux, another a princeps, and a third a praefectus. Some ealdormen are clearly independent rulers, others are royal servants. At present the article deals only with the 10th century Wessex type of ealdormen. This would probably mean moving the article to Anglo-Saxon nobility or something like that, but splitting things up makes it hard to cover them properly. Thoughts? Angus McLellan (Talk) 13:19, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Keep separate & a proposal
Merging the Scandinavian Thegn/Tegn with Ealdorman seems wrong to me. My comments: Regards Osli73 15:02, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) While Thegn has an Anglo Saxon origin it was also used extensively in Scandinavia (well, Denmark and, mainly, Sweden). In the literature, also in English, it is referred to as Tegn or Thegn, never as Ealdorman.
 * 2) There is a hypothesis that the title of Thegn was used for/by persons in what is today Sweden who were loyal to the 'Danish' king. Much of this discussion centers around discussions about the distribution of rune stones and place names related to Thegn. Merging the Thegn and Ealdorman articles, would, in my opinion, obscure the discussion about these types of hypothesis
 * 3) In a Scandinavian/Swedish setting, it is not certain that Thegn actually means the same as Ealdorman. At least as I have interpreted the discussion.
 * 4) In the Scandinavian/Swedish setting, Thegn is often discussed together with other other titles such as ceorl / churl (karl), sven, draeng (dräng) and rink. These are typically not believed to have the same meaning as Ealdorman.
 * 5) A proposal could be to have a separate Tegn article referring to the use of the term in Scandinavia/Sweden while the Ealdorman article discusses its use in an Anglo Saxon setting. I'm not sure, but would that be a better solution?

 * I would think that merging Eaaldorman would be unnecessary, though mentioning the similarity between the words' meaning or offices would certainly be desirable. Alderman and other later terms refer directly back to the original term, and I feel there is sufficient distinction between the terms to remove the Merge. Zach Beauvais 17:33, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

List of Ealdormen
If we have a page that is about ealdormen, we should most certainly compile the list of ealdormen.--24.22.111.99 04:12, 26 February 2007 (UTC)Kyle McKenzie Street

 * I agree. Perhaps if anyone has access to records of ealdormen they could begin the compilation? Zach Beauvais 17:34, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

Strong oppose to merge
An Ealdorman was the Anglo-Saxon eqivalent of a great magnate such as the latterday Earls, Marquesses or Dukes. Whereas the Thanage was equivalent to the Knightage. Both could act as King's officers, but as with the similar situation in Scotland where the Thanes were powerful officers of the King's peace, the Ealdorman just as the Scots Mormaer was a king himself, albeit locally. This merge should not be carried out for the simple reason that, although there were Ealdormen in what is now Scotland, that it was only in those parts that formed the Kingdom of Northumbria, whereas Thanes in common with Scandinavia were spread throughout, cf MacBeth, Thane of Glamis and Cawdor! for a good essay on the subject please see [http://www.scottishhistory.com/articles/early/thanes/sheriffs_page2.html Scotland c1000-1200: The Shire, the Thane, the Sheriff and the Sheriffdom. Ewan J. Innes, MA(Hons Scot. Hist.) FSA Scot] Brendandh 20:22, 1 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed, they're distinct titles that did occasionally co-exist. There ought to be an article on Anglo-saxon nobility or Northern European nobility, but it shouldn't absorb the articles on Thane or Ealdorman any more than the present-day nobility article absorbs viscount or duke.-- The_socialist talk? 15:36, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the terms should remain independent. Zach Beauvais 17:35, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ealdorman


text:
Saviour Machine

Saviour Machine is an American Christian gothic metal band that formed in 1989. They have released five studio albums and two live albums on Frontline and subsequently on MCM Music, distributed through Massacre Records. Saviour Machine's music and lyrics deal with war, death, and personal introspection as it relates to prophecy and divine revelation.

Formation and early years (1989–1993)
The band was formed by brothers Jeff and Eric Clayton in mid-1989. By the time of its first tour in 1993, the band was Eric Clayton – vocals, Jeff Clayton – guitars, Dean Forsyth – bass, Jayson Heart – drums, and Nathan Van Hala – keyboards. The band took its name from a song on the David Bowie album The Man Who Sold the World.

The Legend trilogy (1997–2007)
Saviour Machine next turned to the Legend trilogy. Legend was advertised as "the unofficial soundtrack to the end of the world" in promotional materials owing to its study of end-time Biblical prophecy. The Legend trilogy comprises four full-length CDs totaling more than five hours of music. Legend I and Legend II were released in 1997 and 1998, respectively. The studio composition of the band stayed the same through "Legend II" after which Jeff Clayton and Jayson Heart left the band. Legend III:I was released in 2001. The long-awaited final disc, Legend III:II, was scheduled to be released July 7, 2007. Legend parts I through III:I were released by MCM Music and Massacre Records; however, Legend III:II was released independently. On May 27, 2007, Eric Clayton released a statement on the Saviour Machine MySpace blog saying that, due to health problems, he would not be able to finish Legend III:II in time to make the July 7 release date. He released samples of rough mixes of each song on Legend III:II on SeventhCircle.net throughout July.

Most of the lyrical content of the Legend series is based on the Book of Revelation and other Biblical prophecy. The first album draws from the Old Testament and New Testament, except the Book of Revelation, and include biblical references and a concordance. Legend II continues where part one ended - the rise of the antichrist. Musically, the Legend albums showcase a further refinement of Saviour Machine's rock and classical music style.

Saviour Machine has performed a limited number of concerts in the US, Germany and Mexico City since undertaking the Legend trilogy. A second live album was released in 2002, again featuring a performance from Owen Teck Rocknight in Owen, Germany. Live in Deutschland 2002 featured selections from Legend I, Legend II and Legend III:I.

Re-union and plan for new release (2017–present)
According to an interview with Eric Clayton during Wacken Open Air 2017 as well as statements on the Facebook page and YouTube channel of the band, they are working on a new album to be released in the future. It will not be part of the Legend-trilogy, but follow the first two releases of the band.

Members
Current members
 * Eric Clayton – vocals (1989–present)
 * Jeff Clayton – guitar (1989–present)
 * Nathan Van Hala – piano (1993–present)
 * Charles Cooper – bass (1995–present)
 * Samuel West – drums (1992–1993, 2011–present)

Former members
 * Chris Fee – drums (1989–1992)
 * Dean Forsyth – bass (1989–1995)
 * Jayson Heart – drums (1993–1999)
 * Victor Deaton – drums (2000–2001)
 * Carl Johan Grimmark – guitar (2001–2004)
 * Thomas Weinesjö – drums (2001–2004)

Timeline

title: Saviour Machine


text:
Koro Wētere

Koro Tainui Wētere (22 June 1935 – 23 June 2018) was a New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1969 to 1996, representing the Labour Party. He served as Minister of Māori Affairs in the Fourth Labour Government (1984–1990).

Early life and family
Born at Oparure, near Te Kūiti, on 22 June 1935, Wētere was the son of Weo Maruatara Wētere and Te Aorangi Wētere (née Eketone), and affiliated to the Ngāti Maniapoto iwi. He was educated at Te Kūiti High School and Massey University, and was ordained a minister (āpotoro rēhita or registered apostle) of the Rātana Church, serving as parish minister for Oparure, Te Kūiti and Piopio in the 1960s.

In 1960, Wētere married Nedracita Takuora Edwards, and the couple went on to have five children.

Member of Parliament
Wētere joined the Labour Party in 1957, and was first elected to Parliament in the 1969 election as MP for the Western Maori electorate, one of the four Māori electorates in New Zealand's House of Representatives. Given Labour's traditional dominance in the Māori electorates, Wētere held his position without difficulty until his retirement at the 1996 election. In 1976 he was promoted by Labour leader Bill Rowling and made Shadow Minister of Forests. Three years later he was given the Maori Affairs and Lands portfolios instead.

Cabinet minister
Wētere became Minister of Māori Affairs when the Labour Party won the 1984 election, serving in that role until 1990. He also served as Minister of Lands, Minister of Forestry, and the Minister in charge of the Valuation Department between 1984 and 1987, and the Minister in charge of the Iwi Transition Agency between 1989 and 1990.

Wētere was criticised during the Māori loan affair of 1985–86, and was nearly asked to resign. Tamati Reedy, the head of Wētere's department, Te Puni Kokiri, attempted to arrange an unauthorised overseas loan for Māori businesses. Wētere was the subject of strong attacks over the issue by National Party MP Winston Peters, but denied any wrongdoing. In 1990 Wētere refused to translate his addresses to parliament into English, having given them in Māori. This was one of a number of steps which pushed the issue of the use of Māori in public life during this time. There are now arrangements for simultaneous interpretation between English and Māori in Parliament.

When Labour lost power in the 1990 election, Wētere returned to opposition for two terms before retiring from politics. He was Shadow Minister of Maori Affairs from 1990 to 1996 under Mike Moore and later Helen Clark. Never a supporter of Clark, Wētere was one of several frontbenchers who was part of a delegation met with Clark in her office prior to a caucus meeting in 1996 persuading her to stand down and informing her (in a ruse) that they had the numbers to oust her as leader (in favour of Phil Goff) if she refused. Clark stared Goff and his supporters down and ultimately remained leader.

Death
Wētere died in Te Kūiti on 23 June 2018, one day after his 83rd birthday.

Honours
Wētere was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977, and the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In the 1996 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the Māori people.

The University of Waikato awarded Wētere an honorary doctorate for his contributions to the well-being and the advancement of Māori affairs in Aotearoa in 1999, and a lifetime achievement award, Te Tohu Whakamaharatanga ki Te Arikinui Te Atairangikaahu, in 2008.

Personal life
Wētere suffered from gout. In 2001, Wētere was convicted of drink driving.

title: Koro Wētere


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File:Kansas - Leftoverture.jpg

Cover for album Leftoverture by Kansas.

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Talk:Eye color

Why is editing blocked on an article with such poor sourcing?
"DNA studies on ancient human remains confirm that light skin, hair and eyes were present at least tens of thousands of years ago on Neanderthals, who lived in Eurasia for 500,000 years.[51][52][53][54][55]"

No, those sources don't say that -- especially the bit about "500,000 years," but more important (given the subject of the article) nothing "confirms" "light eyes" in Neanderthals, only light skin and red hair. Genes expressing blue eyes in modern homo sapiens were present but less dominant in a couple DNA samples mentioned in one of the articles, but that's it, and the article warns that the study is not widely accepted and that we ahve no way of knowing what the actual effect of thse genes would have been.

Yet there it is: DNA studies on ancient human remains confirm that light skin, hair and eyes were present at least tens of thousands of years ago on Neanderthals, who lived in Eurasia for 500,000 years.[51][52][53][54][55]

Who besides me will actually READ all five of those sources? It's not unlikely that the original editor who contributed the sentences had racist motives. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:304:cda0:9220:c1ea:12f4:f079:be78 (talk • contribs)

I'm not sure what the argument is about, but the genetics people are stating that Neanderthals gave the homo sapiens light skin and light eyes over a period of time.ie blue and green eyes. Not sure why that would upset anyone or be a controversial idea. https://www.eupedia.com/europe/neanderthal_facts_and_myths.shtml

Semi-protected edit request on 9 March 2024
Please can you remove the photo of Daniel Craig with the caption "Actor Daniel Craig has the most common eye color in the U.K. as of 2014: (blue: 48%, green: 30%, brown: 22%)." This is not true. The linked source is a Times article which quotes a project by 'ScotlandsDNA'. This is a disgraced company, not a scientific source. The myth that blue eyes are more common in the UK now is widespread but untrue. All other studies suggest brown is the most common (even in Scotland!). Green is likely to be the least common. Please see the links below. I would be really grateful if you could remove this misinformation. Thank you for your help.

1) Dubious practices and claims by this company: https://www.mdpi.com/2313-5778/2/4/47 2) Brown is the most common eye colour in UK as of 2019: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872497318303387 3) Brown is possibly even the most common eye colour in Scotland (small sample from 2009): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2810292/ 217.155.204.10 (talk) 15:09, 9 March 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ ― novov (t   c)  05:19, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

Gender and Sex are not interchangable, Edit request!
The article says that "gender" is a deciding factor in what color a person's eyes are. The word gender links to the wikipedia page about gender which is defined as sociocultural. This term should be replaced by "sex" instead because its referring to the biological sexes instead. 152.7.255.202 (talk) 15:55, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

Eye Color and Low-Light Vision Studies
Under the "Impact on Vision" section, there's no mention of findings related to vision in low-light. I'd add it myself but this is yet another gatekept article (rather ironic for a wiki site, no?)

You can find a reference to a study at the University of Copenhagen here: https://katrinapaulson.medium.com/study-suggests-people-with-blue-eyes-can-read-better-in-dim-lighting-01b39d1862a6

…and to a study at Liverpool John Moore University here: https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/about-us/news/articles/2024/2/7/blue-eyes

…as well as a passing reference to the findings in a section marked "Does eye color affect night sky vision?" here: https://www.almanac.com/seeing-in-the-dark

While these aren't absolutely conclusive, I would argue they're no less substantiated or valid than the portion referring to the study on "Correlation of eye color on self-paced and reactive motor performance." Gaius315 (talk) 16:00, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Hardly a "gatekept" article. It's protected from random driveby vandalism; once you've made a total of ten edits on Wikipedia, you'll be able to add these references yourself. --jpgordon𝄢𝄆𝄐𝄇 19:17, 12 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 June 2024
O please change altitudes to latitudes in the text on blue eyes. 78.67.202.11 (talk) 19:35, 26 June 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Hyphenation Expert (talk) 00:00, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eye color


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Leftoverture

Leftoverture is the fourth studio album by American rock band Kansas, released in 1976. The album was reissued in remastered format on CD in 2001. It was the band's first album to be certified by the RIAA, and remains their highest selling album, having been certified 5 times platinum in the United States.

Background
Steve Walsh began to experience writer's block prior to the recording, and his contribution to the album would ultimately be limited to co-authoring three songs; it fell on Kerry Livgren to fill the void. The new compositions retained much of the classically inspired complexity of Livgren's previous work. Kansas recorded the album at Studio in the Country in Bogalusa, Louisiana. The Studio in the Country was so named because, as Livgren described on In the Studio with Redbeard radio show in the episode spotlighting Leftoverture, "it was in the middle of a swamp. We'd walk out of the studio and there would be gators in front of the studio, mosquitos the size of B-52s and at times armadillos would run into the control room."

Leftoverture opens with the song "Carry On Wayward Son", which Livgren wrote as a sequel to "The Pinnacle", the final song from the previous album Masque (1975).

The album's title, Leftoverture, is a portmanteau of leftover and overture.

Reception
The album was met with mixed reviews. Rolling Stone called Leftoverture Kansas's best album to date, and said that it "warrants Kansas a spot right alongside Boston and Styx as one of the fresh new American bands who combine hard-driving group instrumentation (with a dearth of flashy solos) with short, tight melody lines and pleasant singing." The magazine Playboy reviewed the album as "extremely strong" and lauded Kansas for representing "the solid, Midwestern values of our vast musical heartland." In contrast, Robert Christgau said the album lacked the intelligence and conviction of European progressive rock, and that the self-deprecating humor implied in the song and album titles is completely absent from the record itself.

More recently, AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that the album contains "neither hooks nor true grandiosity to make it interesting" and, despite the great single "Carry On Wayward Son", the fact that Kansas "never manage to rival it anywhere on this record is as much a testament to their crippling ambition as their lack of skills." Gary Graff was more enthusiastic, finding Leftoverture to be "Kansas' breakthrough album and a thorough representation of its assorted musical sensibilities." Ultimate Classic Rock critic Matt Wardlaw considered "Carry On Wayward Son", "Magnum Opus", "The Wall", "What's on My Mind" and "Opus Insert" to be classics. Ultimate Classic Rock critic Eduardo Rivadavia rated "Carry On Wayward Son" as Kansas' greatest song and "The Wall" as Kansas' sixth greatest song.

Classic Rock History critic Brian Kachejian rated "The Wall" as Kansas' all-time best song, as well as rating "Carry On Wayward Son" number 2 and "Miracles Out of Nowhere" number 5. Classic Rock critic Dave Ling also ranked three songs from Leftoverture among Kansas' 10 best – "Magnum Opus", "Miracles Out of Nowhere" and "Carry On Wayward Son".

Ronnie Platt, who became Kansas' lead singer in 2014, rated three songs from Leftoverture as being among his 10 favorite Kansas songs – "Carry On Wayward Son", "The Wall" and "Miracles Out of Nowhere".

Personnel

 * Kansas
 * Steve Walsh – organ, piano, additional synthesizers, vibraphone, lead and backing vocals
 * Kerry Livgren – electric guitar, piano, clavinet, Moog, Oberheim and ARP synthesizers
 * Robby Steinhardt – violin, viola, lead vocals on "Miracles Out of Nowhere" and "Cheyenne Anthem", backing vocals
 * Rich Williams – electric and acoustic guitars
 * Dave Hope – bass guitar
 * Phil Ehart – drums, percussion

 * Additional personnel
 * Toye LaRocca, Cheryl Norman – children's voices on "Cheyenne Anthem"

 * Production
 * Jeff Glixman – producer, assistant engineer, remastered edition producer
 * Bill Evans – engineer
 * Edwin Hobgood, Ray Black – additional studio assistance
 * George Marino – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York City, New York
 * Jeff Magid – remastered edition producer

title: Leftoverture