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Regions of Brazil

Brazil is geopolitically divided into five regions (also called macroregions), by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, which are formed by the federative units of Brazil. Although officially recognized, the division is merely academic, considering geographic, social and economic factors, among others, and has no political effects other than orientating Federal-level government programs. Under the state level, they are further divided into intermediate regions and even further into immediate regions.

North Region

 * Area: 3,689,637.9 km2 (45.27%)
 * Population: 17,354,884 (4,5 people/km2; 6.2%; 2016)
 * GDP: R$ 308 billion / US$94,8 billion (2016; 4.7%) (5th)
 * Climate: Equatorial
 * States: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins
 * Largest Cities: Manaus (2,063,689); Belém (1,303,403); Ananindeua (478,778); Porto Velho (460,434); Macapá (442,933); Boa Vista (413,486); Rio Branco (364,756); Santarém (331,937); Palmas (302,692).
 * Economy: Iron, Copper, Gold, Bauxite, Manganese, Açaí, Pineapple,  Energy production,  electronic manufacturing, tourism.
 * Transport: Mainly rivers (which are abundant in the region). Highways are scarce and present mainly in the east. Airplanes are commonly used in small remote communities and sometimes in the larger cities.
 * Vegetation: Almost the entire region is covered by Amazon Rainforest, except the state of Tocantins, which has savanna-like vegetation (cerrado). Most of the native vegetation still remains.
 * Notable characteristics: Presence of the Amazon Rainforest, which is the vegetation dominant in every state but Tocantins. Cities are spread far apart in the region, and it has the lowest population density of the country. There are very few paved highways in the region, as it is almost isolated from the rest of the country. It is also the biggest region of Brazil, being responsible for almost half of the Brazilian territorial extension. Economic growth is above national average (especially in Amazonas and in Tocantins).

Northeast Region

 * Area: 1,561,177 km2 (18.3%)
 * Population: 54,658,515 (30.55 people/km2; 29%; 2009)
 * GDP: R$437 billion / US$273,1 billion (2009; ~12%) (3rd)
 * Climate: Hot all year long. Tropical near the coast and semi-arid in the interior; semi-equatorial in the far west of the region.
 * States: Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe
 * Largest cities: Salvador (2,676,606); Fortaleza (2,447,409); Recife (1,536,934); São Luís (1,011,943); Maceió (932,608); Natal (789,836); Teresina (714,583); João Pessoa (595,429); Jaboatão dos Guararapes; (580,795); Feira de Santana (481,137); Aracaju (461,083); Olinda (368,666); Campina Grande (354,546).
 * Economy: Tourism, tropical fruits (coconut, papaya, melon, banana, mango, pineapple), cocoa, cashew nuts, soybeans, cotton, sugarcane, machinery manufacturing, textiles, wind energy production, salt extraction.
 * Transport: Mainly highways, which are more abundant along the coast, although transport by sea is also important.
 * Vegetation: Mainly desert-like vegetation, with tropical forests along the coast and in the west and savanna-like vegetation in the southwest.
 * Notable characteristics: This region was the first part of Brazil discovered by the Portuguese, and the first Brazilian capital, Salvador, was founded here. It has the lowest levels in the country in almost all of the social indicators, being considered the most impoverished region in Brazil. However, it has been growing above national average since the start of the 21st century, gradually reducing the socio-economic distance to the other regions.

Central-West Region

 * Area: 1,612,007.2 km2 (18.86%)
 * Population: 16,289,538 (7.2 people/km2; 6.4%)
 * GDP: R$279 billion / US$174,3 billion (2008; 8.3%) (4th)
 * Climate: Savanna climate (hot, with little precipitation during winter in the northeast and the east; Tropical in the east and in the west; Equatorial in the north; Some temperate climate places in the south).
 * States: Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Distrito Federal (Federal District).
 * Largest Cities: Brasília (national capital) (2,562,963); Goiânia (1,318,148); Campo Grande (796,252); Cuiabá (556,298); Aparecida de Goiânia (442,978); Anápolis (334,613).
 * Economy: Livestock, Soybeans, Maize, Sugarcane, Cotton, Tomato, Nickel, Copper, Gold, tourism.
 * Transport: Highways where they are present (mostly in the center and east regions); transport by rivers is common in the north and in the east; airplanes are used in remote and smaller communities.
 * Vegetation: Mainly savanna-like vegetation, including the Pantanal (Chaco, in Paraguay), flooded areas in the west, equatorial rainforests in the north.
 * Notable characteristics: With a low population density, most of the land in the region is used for grazing instead of agriculture. The region is also the least industrialized in the country, based mainly in food & meat processing.

Southeast Region

 * Area: 927,286 km2 (10.85%)
 * Population: 84,840,113 (77.96 people/km2, 38%)
 * GDP: R$1,629 trillion / US$803 billion (2008; ~49%) (1st)
 * Climate: Tropical in the northwest (warm, relatively dry in the winter and wet in the summer); Semi-arid in the north; temperate in the south
 * States: Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo
 * Largest cities: São Paulo (11,037,593); Rio de Janeiro (6,186,710); Belo Horizonte (2,452,617); Guarulhos (1,299,283); Campinas (1,064,669); São Gonçalo (991,382); Duque de Caxias (872,762); Nova Iguaçu (865,089); São Bernardo do Campo (810,979); Osasco (718,646); Santo André (673,396); Uberlândia (634,345); Contagem (625,393); São José dos Campos (615,871); Sorocaba (584,313); Ribeirão Preto (563,107); Juiz de Fora (526,706); Belford Roxo (501,544); Niterói (479,384); São João de Meriti (469,827); Betim (441,748); Campos dos Goytacazes (434,008).
 * Economy: Manufacturing (machinery, electronics, automobiles and aviation, steel, chemicals, shoes, textiles), coffee, sugar cane, orange juice, livestock, tourism, petroleum, iron, gold, energy production (not sufficient, however, to fulfill its demand). The Southeast is the economic center of Brazil, and most large companies present in Brazil have their headquarters in this region. The economic success of this region is a combination of its 4 states. São Paulo state is the most developed in the country, it has a population density as high as western Europe, and a HDI  comparable to eastern Europe. Rio de Janeiro is the leader in petroleum production (with almost 3/4 of national production) . Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo are located in the richest mining region in Brazil.
 * Transport: The region is heavily covered by highways, and, to some extent, railways. Railways and rivers are used mainly for freight, and used where they are present. The region also contains several airport hubs which provide many domestic and international air routes.
 * Vegetation: Mainly tropical-like semi-deciduous forests (Mata Atlântica); semi-arid in the north, with almost no vegetation; savannah-like vegetation in the west and in the northwest (Cerrado). Very little of the native vegetation still remains (~2%, mostly in parks.)
 * Notable characteristics: The southeast region is the major powerhouse of the Brazilian economy, responsible for 49% of the Brazilian GDP (approximately US$1024 billion in 2010). It is also the most populous region in the country, with more than 80 million people, and contains the three most important metropolitan regions (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte), as well as many other large cities (such as, Vitória (the capital of Espírito Santo state), Campinas, Uberlândia and several others.)

South Region

 * Area: 577,214 km2 (6.75%)
 * Population: 29.937.706 (43.46 people/km2, 12.5%)
 * GDP: R$503 billion / US$313,8 billion (2008; ~15%) (2nd)
 * Climate: Subtropical by the coast, hot to moderately hot in the summer, mild and very humid winters and temperate by the mountain range, the valleys and the plateaus in the interior, with moderate temperatures in the summer and cold in the winter, with well distributed rainfalls. Snow is relatively common, mainly in the highlands (for example in Santa Catarina state's São Joaquim).
 * States: Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina
 * Largest Cities: Curitiba (1,764,540); Porto Alegre (1,413,094); Joinville (520,905); Londrina (511,278); Caxias do Sul (441,332); Florianópolis (427,298); Maringá (362,329); Pelotas (328,864); Canoas (325,188); Ponta Grossa (314,527); Blumenau (312,634); Cascavel (289,339); Foz do Iguaçu (255,900); and Santa Maria (262,368).
 * Economy: Machinery and automobile industries, textiles, shoes, information technology tourism, soy, maize, wheat, tobacco, rice, apple, wine, livestock, coal, energy production.
 * Transport: There are many developed highways and railways throughout the region, although the latter is mainly used for freight. Rivers are used when possible.
 * Vegetation: Rainforests along the coast (Mata Atlântica), subtropical semiciduous in the north and west (Araucárias) and prairie-like vegetation in the south (Pampas). Little native vegetation still remains due to deforestation.
 * Notable characteristics: The South Region of Brazil is historically characterized by its high standard of living, with considerably better social indicators, which include some of the cities with the highest HDI levels in the country, including their capitals. Cities also feature an advanced level of urbanism in comparison with other parts of Brazil. The region is almost the newest in terms of urbanization, it was recently populated by European immigrants (almost 19th century immigration and refugees of World War I and World War IIs). They have added to the local culture, especially in architecture, cuisine and forms of agriculture. Southern region, however, is not immune from poverty, violence and other social issues, especially in the larger cities, even though in a lower level than poorer areas in the country. The state of Santa Catarina is proportionally the Whitest state in Brazil with over 87% of its population being European. The other southern states also have the highest percentage rates of European population.

Ethnic composition of regions
The composition of regions of Brazil according to autosomal genetic studies focused on the Brazilian population (which has been found to be a complex melting pot of European, African and Native Americans components):

A 2011 autosomal DNA study, with nearly 1000 samples from all over the country ("whites", "pardos" and "blacks"), found a major European contribution, followed by a high African contribution and an important Native American component. The study showed that Brazilians from different regions are more homogeneous than previously thought by some based on the census alone. "Brazilian homogeneity is, therefore, a lot greater between Brazilian regions than within Brazilian regions."

According to an autosomal DNA study from 2010, a new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the population. The variation between the regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific American Journal of Human Biology by a team of the Catholic University of Brasília, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as colour of skin, eyes and hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies (regardless of census classification). Ancestry informative SNPs can be useful to estimate individual and population biogeographical ancestry. Brazilian population is characterized by a genetic background of three parental populations (European, African, and Brazilian Native Amerindians) with a wide degree and diverse patterns of admixture. In this work we analyzed the information content of 28 ancestry-informative SNPs into multiplexed panels using three parental population sources (African, Amerindian, and European) to infer the genetic admixture in an urban sample of the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. The SNPs assigned apart the parental populations from each other and thus can be applied for ancestry estimation in a three hybrid admixed population. Data was used to infer genetic ancestry in Brazilians with an admixture model. Pairwise estimates of F(st) among the five Brazilian geopolitical regions suggested little genetic differentiation only between the South and the remaining regions. Estimates of ancestry results are consistent with the heterogeneous genetic profile of Brazilian population, with a major contribution of European ancestry (0.771) followed by African (0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bioanthropological studies but it can be mainly valuable to control for spurious results in genetic association studies in admixed populations."

An autosomal DNA study from 2009 found a similar profile "all the Brazilian samples (regions) lie more closely to the European group than to the African populations or to the Mestizos from Mexico."

According to another autosomal DNA study from 2008, by the University of Brasília (UnB), European ancestry dominates in the whole of Brazil (in all regions), accounting for 65.90% of heritage of the population, followed by the African contribution (24.80%) and the Native American (9.3%); the European ancestry being the dominant ancestry in all regions including the Northeast of Brazil.

A study from 1965, "Methods of Analysis of a Hybrid Population" (Human Biology, vol 37, number 1), led by geneticists D. F. Roberts and R. W. Hiorns, found out the average Northeastern Brazilian to be predominantly European in ancestry (65%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions (25% and 9%).

title: Regions of Brazil


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Aklanon

Aklanon may refer to:
 * Aklanon people, of the Aklan province in the Philippines
 * Aklanon language, their Austronesian language

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aklanon


text:
Brake run

A brake run on a roller coaster is any section of track that utilizes some form of brakes to slow or stop a roller coaster train. There are various types of braking methods employed on roller coasters, including friction brakes, skid brakes, and magnetic brakes. The most common is a fin brake, an alternative name for a friction brake, which involves a series of hydraulic-powered clamps that close and squeeze metal fins that are attached to the underside of a coaster train. Roller coasters may incorporate multiple brake runs throughout the coaster's track layout to adjust the train's speed at any given time.

The different types of brake runs are classified under two main categories: trim brakes and block brakes. A trim brake refers to a braking section that slows a train, while a block brake has the ability to stop a train completely in addition to slowing it down. Block brakes are important to roller coasters that operate more than one train simultaneously, in the event that one train stalls on a portion of the track. While modern roller coasters have at least one computer-controlled brake run embedded in the track, older coasters such as The Great Scenic Railway at Luna Park Melbourne may have brakes onboard the train and rely on a brakeman operator to apply them as needed.

Trim brakes
Trim brakes are brake run sections that reduce the speed of the train but are not intended to stop the train completely. They may be engineered into a ride during design in anticipation of certain trouble spots, or later retrofitted in areas where trains are traveling at higher-than-expected speeds. Trim brakes can also be added for safety reasons, lowering the g-force riders experience at various points throughout the track layout, or for preventative maintenance reasons, reducing wear-and-tear on the trains or track. A proximity sensor often precedes the trim brake in order to identify the current speed of the passing train and determining how much the brake will need to slow the train, if at all.

Block brakes
Block brakes also have the ability to slow the train but serve the additional purpose of being able to stop the train completely. This is required on roller coasters that operate more than one train simultaneously on the track. They act as virtual barriers between the trains running on the roller coaster, preventing collisions should one train stop along the course for any reason. Block brake sections must also be engineered so that the train can begin moving again upon release, either by using a slight downward slope to let gravity take its course or by using drive tires to push the train out of the block. These are commonly called mid-course brake runs.

Brake methods and types
Roller coasters utilize a variety of braking methods that have evolved over time.

Skid brakes
Skid brakes involve a long piece of material, often ceramic-covered, that is situated in the middle of the track parallel to the rails. When the brake is engaged, the skid raises and causes friction against the underside of the train, reducing its speed. They can be used to slow or stop the train. Skid brakes were one of the first advancements in roller coaster braking and are typically found on older wooden coasters, such as Leap the Dips, the world's oldest roller coaster still in operation.

Friction brakes
Friction brakes, commonly called fin brakes, involve a computer-controlled clamping system that squeeze metal fins attached underneath the train. Friction brakes can be used to slow or stop the train and are the most common form of brakes found on modern roller coasters. They can involve thick metal box beams or thin metal plates. They slide between pairs of friction pads similar to automotive brake pads.

Friction brakes are designed to be fail-safe, allowing them to engage even when there is a loss of power. They are also constructed with a certain measure of redundancy, incorporating extra sets of brakes in the event that one set fails. Opening is done by a bellows type of air-operated actuator, with each set of brakes fitted with its own air supply system that is controlled by supply valves that open and release the brake when it is safe to do so. A heavy spring usually made of steel is used to hold the brake closed when engaged.

Magnetic brakes
Instead of relying on friction, which can often be affected by weather conditions such as rain, magnetic brakes apply resistance through magnetism without making direct contact with the train. They are made up of one or two rows of neodymium magnets. When a metal fin made of copper or a copper-aluminum alloy passes between the rows of magnets, eddy currents are generated in the fin, creating a magnetic force that opposes the fin's motion. The resultant braking force is directly proportional to the speed at which the fin is moving through the brake element.

Magnetic brakes can be found in two configurations:
 * The brake elements are mounted to the track or alongside the track and the fins are mounted to the underside or sides of the train. This configuration looks similar to friction brakes.
 * The fins are mounted to the track and the brake elements are mounted to the underside of the train. This configuration can be found on Intamin Accelerator Coasters.

Magnetic brakes are silent and provide a smoother riding experience than friction brakes, gradually increasing the braking power so that the people on the ride do not experience rapid changes in deceleration. Intamin began incorporating them with their Accelerator Coaster models, as well as Bolliger & Mabillard beginning in 2004 with their installation of Silver Bullet, the first inverted coaster to feature magnetic brakes. There are also third-party companies, such as Magnetar Technologies Corp., which provide a service to retrofit existing coasters with magnetic braking technology to increase safety, improve rider comfort, and lower maintenance costs and labor.

A disadvantage of magnetic braking is that the eddy force is not usually stable enough to hold a train completely still, and as such cannot be used as block brakes. Magnetic brakes are often complemented by an additional set of friction brakes or "kicker wheels", rubber tires that make contact with the train and effectively park it. Another disadvantage is that they cannot be conventionally disengaged like other types of brakes. Instead, the fins or magnets must be retracted so that the fins no longer pass between the magnets. Accelerator Coasters, for example, have a series of magnetic brake fins located on the launch track. Prior to the train's launch, the brakes are retracted out of the way to allow the train to reach its maximum speed. After launch, the brake fins are raised back in position to stop the train in the event of a rollback. An example of this can be found on Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure.

Brake Men
While skid brakes already existed by the time Scenic Railway had been conceived, LaMarcus Adna Thompson decided against using these brakes for his Scenic Railway roller coasters, and instead opted for using a brakeman system in a similar to manner to those used on gravity trains. The brakeman would sit in the center of the train and pull a lever to apply a brake and slow down the train. Over thirty Scenic Railways were constructed, but only a small number remain in operation.

title: Brake run


text:
Talk:The Plain Truth

Untitled
Tried to lessen the POV of this. Also, I'm not sure but what a lot of this doesn't belong on the Worldwide Church of God page, rather than here, but this magazine was such a "part and parcel" of the church that I've left it for now. I am quite troubled by the links to Israel, chess, and Palestine. Bobby Fischer was associated with this group, but I don't know if that justifies catagorizing it with chess, anymore than his high school should necessarily be linked to chess. Also, are we to link every group claiming to be linked to Israel or Palestine to those categories? Rlquall 04:43, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * What has been reported is a history of this magazine and its impact on the world. Having spent some time studying this group for a book I can provide some answers to your questions.
 * First of all the magazine, the broadcast and the church no longer exist as such. The magazine that exists by the same name is not the same magazine as published by Herbert W. Armstrong. Another group occaisionally uses the same name as the Herbert W. Armstrong broadcast, but it is not the same broadcast and the church has repudiated all doctrines, closed all colleges and is in the process of selling all property and moving! There is a good chance that it will also change its name when it moves. It is as if the Catholic Church had a "Going out of business" sale. It is quite a weird story.
 * However, the reason why Rohan is on this page is because Rohan read the magazine and was inspired by it to set fire to the Al Aqsa mosque.
 * Bobby Fischer is there because his whole life began anew according to him, after 1962 when he started listening to the broadcast and reading the literature - including this magazine. The only way to understand his behavior in 1972 is to understand what Herbert W. Armstrong was writing and predicting. Fischer still gave Armstrong his money because he thought the prophecy was delayed, only later did Fischer turn totally hostile as a result of the failed prophecy.
 * The story of the broadcasts interlocks with pirate radio and many other aspects of broadcasting, just as the magazine has its own story and it won't fit into one story about the church itself.
 * Because this story has an actual beginning and an actual end it is possible to document it, unlike other religious accounts where the story of the organization continues on. I hope that I have been able to answer your questions. If not, send them my way and I will do my best to address them. MPLX/MH 06:10, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Rationale for edits
First of all; yes, the Worldwide Church of God has a huge connection to Radio Luxembourg, pirate radio, and the like because it was such an avid buyer of airtime everywhere it could, and on the more powerful station, the better. Pirates and Radio Luxembourg gave Armstrong access to the U.K., the other main home of the "ten lost tribes" in his mind besides the U.S. The magazine was not so much involved per se other than the broadcasts and it cross-promoted each other so much that they were essentially inseparable.

Now, a rationale for my edits, which is not, sadly, in exact order. "Jingle bed" is hardly an encyclopedic term and will be poorly known outside of broadcasting insiders. The term "Pope of Rome" is, at least in modern times, generally used solely used in anti-Catholic polemics, not serious writings about the Roman Catholic Church or the papacy. I think it best to disambiguate "white" in the racial context as much as possible by linking it to Caucasian even though any many contexts (like this one) the actual word "white" seems to work better. I wished to avoid a redirect on German/Germany.

That Armstrong's doctrines were a "strange mixture" is undeniably POV to me, even though I agree that they were such, the article shouldn't reflect my feelings, or yours. Mormons, at least in the larger bodies with which I have a passing familiarity, do not disavow Christmas; rather the Mormon Tabernacle Choir has a major Christmas program, so that can't be cited as a source for that belief, although many Holiness and other groups (it is the Holiness theology in Armstrong's background that was the likely source) do. Despite his pretentions, I find very little at all of legitimate Judaism incorporated in to Armstrong's faith; I would love to see your examples on that as I could be in error. (BTW, the term "faith of Jews" sounds awkward in reference to Judaism in a way that the "faith of Christians" does not in reference to Christianity.) Lastly, while in basic agreement that the attack on the Al Aqsa Mosque qualifies as a "terrible deed", it is not the place of Wikipedia to decide what is terrible but rather to report all things, including terrible ones, and let the reader make his or her own judgments as to which of the things are terrible. All of this is submitted in the spirit of fraternal good will as part of an ongoing search for truth, Rlquall 06:49, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Rlquall: Thanks for your detailed answer which I will try to address in the same detail and in order. Let me pose a question in the first place: Would you be interested in working with me to link up the large number of articles about Armstrong that dot the Wikipedia landscape? My idea is to sift the material and file it according to topic instead of having a rag bag of everything spilling out everywhere. This requires a good template at the bottom that can be added to all articles to link them. Can you create one? I know where most of the articles are and I am still finding entries which require editing. Go over to the Talk page of British Israelism and you will find text that I have removed to the Talk page because it was in error.

 * Anyway, to your questions:
 * "Jingle bed" is hardly an encyclopedic term and will be poorly known outside of broadcasting insiders. Insert the word "jingle" and you will find an existing entry. Having worked on the history of the PAMS jingle company (in real life) I can tell you that the jingle world is almost like a religion similar to people who collect stamps or anything else. It is a world of people who know the subject up one side and down the other and there are quite a number of them around the world. So that is a legitimate topic. A jingle bed is a jingle sans music and the closing music on The World Tormorrow was bought "off the shelf" from a Hollywood jingle company to allow Art Gilmore, a Hollywood actor and announcer to speak over the top of it. So that is both a technical and accurate encyclopedic description.
 * "Pope at Rome" was used to give an example of authority in a known religious organization structure. I did not want to introduce the faith (Roman Catholicism) because it had nothing to do with Roman Catholics. I could have then cited the leader of the Eastern Orthodox faith and others, or even Jim Jones, but the Pope is unique and the history and power of the Pope at Rome (there was a Pope in France, etc.), is very specific and to the point. It shows that one individual has absolute power and Herbert W. Armstrong had absolute power over his church. This I can document.
 * "White versus Caucasian". On this I really don't care. (My wife is native Japanese; I am native English-Welsh; my colleague is American Jew; my tenant is from Mexico; my neighbors are African-American (Black) and from Laos - so I don't care, race is meaningless and only descriptive to me.) The latter smacks of "political correctness" and Armstrong in the main years of his ministry believed in segregation. He did not believe in mixing races. Today we would call him a racist and many sources have. They have also accused him of being a pedaphile and committing incest over a long period of time with his daughter as well as being on the verge of alcoholism. None of that is in the texts that I have written. Armstrong did use both terms "White" and "Caucasian" to describe his racial theories which are well documented by Herbert W. Armstrong in his own words and can be found today.
 * A lot of White supremists affiliate Anglo Israel with Germanic tribes and this was attached to Armstrong until I removed it. Germans were Assyrians to Armstrong and they were the source of evil. This theme runs from his writings in the 1930s up through his hang up over Strauss when he accused that man of being "The Beast". You may not agree with Armstrong's beliefs but if you change them or cover them up, then how is anyone to know anything? The Germans referred to are the ones living in Germany: all of them (except for the ones who became his members.)
 * "strange mixture" is but a term on a par with eclectic and used within thesis texts within studies of comparitive religions at university level. The Morman link is with regards to the Trinity and Armstrong's belief in a family of God with many family members. It was not in relation to Christmas. For that I referenced Jehovah's Witnesses who do not believe in Christmas. These comparisons are not POV but factual reporting with references. I can document everything on this subject.
 * "faith of Jews" - you can change that to anything you like that sounds good and is simple and to the point and not drawn out. No objection from me. I couldn't think of anything better at the time.
 * "Al Aqsa Mosque" - Now this one got me going when I heard Arafat prattle on about this on US TV. I went to Wiki User IZAK for assistance with this since he is obviously an expert, as experts go, regarding the entire Palestine v. Israel subject. I knew that Arafat and the idiots (because that is what they are) who blow themselves and eveyone else up in the name of avenging the Al Aqsa arson attack which they blame on the Jews and Israel. I knew the story of this and so I first posted it on the Talk page of the Temple Mount Talk article and engaged a fellow Wikipedian who is also a Muslim to go and look up the references in Arabic sources and the word came back that I was correct. They are accusing the Jews and Israel. But the source is well documented and so I created an entire article about Michael Dennis Rohan and linked it where appropriate. Armstrong was to blame if anyone - not the Jews and not Israel. So these terrorists are actually fighting the words of a dead man (Armstrong) who flip-flopped and repudiated what he had previously written as a result of the mayhem. Well you can say sorry for the car wreck, but if you wrecked the car then you wrecked the car and it was Armstrong who incited the arson attack!
 * Bobby Fischer. The chess fans created a totally misleading bio of Fischer. The famous 1972 'Match of the Century' was bang in the middle of the failed 1972-1975 prophecies and all of this impacted Fischer so that he came to distrust everyone and lashed out. We have his own words for that in an interview. To show the reason for it I also created an article on "1975 in Prophecy!" (similar to other book reviews. I am also doing one on the Lost Ten Tribes issue.
 * "Radio Luxembourg". Armstrong's prophetic scheme revolved around two 19 year time cycles. The second one was dated from the start of Armstrong's broadcasts on Radio Luxembourg. That is a fact and it is in all of his writings. The 19 years ended in 1972 when the WWCG was supposed to flee to Petra, Jordan before WWIII in 1975.
 * ... I am now off to work on my tenant's water heater which I have to replace. So much for the joy of buying rental property as an investment! (LOL) Let me know if you want to collaborate. MPLX/MH 16:19, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Regarding the church not seeking new members directly, I saw evidence to the contrary. When my grandfather (a subscriber to The Plain Truth) died, a representative of the church came and turned the funeral into a pleasantly-toned piece of protelytizing. This was in 1969. It began with a statement that funerals are for the living. I saw some copies of the magazine. It said that the craters on the moon were caused by a battle between God and Satan. I guess neither were in a glass house, so throwing rocks was okay. Robert A. Yourell 06:24 28 Sep 2007 —Preceding signed but undated comment was added at 13:26, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Use of Term Antichrist
In the Jerusalem Central to All Teachings section, I added a note that the Worldwide Church of God assumed the Beast and False Prophet would arise, not the Beast and the Antichrist. As a long term Plain Truth subscriber, I know they used the term False Prophet! Eligius (talk) 02:19, 29 July 2010 (UTC)

Problematic phrases
For starters:

“In the latter years of his life Herbert W. Armstrong was portrayed as "God's Apostle" on Earth...” (by who?)

“...which eventually gained the outside look and feel of a high-quality magazine...”

“What made The Plain Truth magazine unique...”

“...but when combined and refined composed a unique message...”

The “Editorial impact” section should be shortened. Does it really need three excerpts from the magazine? Best feast ever? (talk) 10:05, 12 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Plain Truth


text:
Cirilo Saucedo

Cirilo Saucedo Nájera (born 5 January 1982 in Acámbaro, Guanajuato ), known as Cirilo Saucedo, is a Mexican former professional goalkeeper who last played for Juárez.

Club career
Saucedo came to prominence playing for Club León of the Primera A in Mexico. After leading the team to a championship in the 2003 Clausura, Saucedo's team lost to Dorados de Sinaloa in the playoff to determine which team was promoted to the Primera División. Nevertheless, Saucedo moved up, being contracted by the Dorados to reinforce their team.

In his first season in the first division, Saucedo started all 17 games for Sinaloa, allowing 32 goals. Following the 2006 Clausura season, Saucedo's team Dorados was relegated to the Mexican First Division "A". Rather than playing in the lower divisions of the lower leagues, Saucedo was snatched up by CD Veracruz prior to the Apertura 2006 season. A shoulder injury limited him to play in only 2 games for the Red Sharks.

In 2007, he was traded to UANL Tigres for Sebastián González. He spent 3 "short" tournaments there before the 2008 Apertura when the arrival of Oscar Pérez prompted Saucedo's exit from the club.

Tigres loaned the goalkeeper to newly promoted Indios de Ciudad Juárez where he consolidated himself as a starter; he contributed to Indios' semi-final run of the Mexican championship, and more importantly staying at top flight of Mexican football.

With the conclusion of his loan, Saucedo returned to Tigres for the 2009 Apertura. Later he went to win the Superliga with UANL Tigres. After a tied game with Chicago Fire (1–1) and penalty kicks (4–3).

Personal life
His mother is a United States citizen and therefore, he had the option of playing for the United States.

Honours
Tijuana
 * Liga MX: Apertura 2012

Mexico U23
 * CONCACAF Olympic Qualifying Championship: 2004

title: Cirilo Saucedo


text:
User talk:Quadell/Archive 5

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk) 18:58, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

Untagged Images
Thanks for your note; one never knows when boldness tips over into rudeness; much relieved. You've been doing great work with image tagging; I live in hope that others will start to join in ... including me (though not just yet - real life gets in the way of wikiobsession). I have put links to the untagged Image page on three other project pages -   - and hope this slowly drives people to assist. We'll see. Best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

 * And you'll spot a number of troops have been dragooned in, by dint of appeals on a couple of hundered users' talk pages. You looked like you could do with a hand :) --Tagishsimon (talk)

pictures
''So you live in the Czech Republic, I see. Did you know that there are some pictures of Prague on the Commons? I was wondering if you had some of your own to add, since you're a photographer.'' Not now, but i'm planning to do some shooting after new year. Are you on the Czech Wiki much? Not really. I believe more in english as universal language (or at least internet language) and from what i saw, maintaining information changes between different language versions of wikipedia is really hell. Also there isn't much public interest in cs.wiki, everyone seems to be linking to english version. And what got you into Wikipedia? Well, i've discovered wikipedia through some forum posts referencing it in early 2004, and i've used it as source of information since. Then i've made some typo-fixing, created an account and now i'm here :) - JohnyDog 00:06, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Untagged Images
Do you have much of a clue as to the setup behind the Untagged Images pages - such as how often the pages are updated (current versions seem to be a few months old; and whether there is likelihood of pages higher then BV being produced? I've asked this of User talk:Looxix and User talk:Yann, but any info you could let me have would be most appreciated. --Tagishsimon (talk)
 * I asked this list to be created but I didn't participate much to tagging since I mainly work on fr: and other projects and languages. I moved the page to Untagged Images. If an update is needed, it should be asked to Looxix who has the status to do that. Yann 18:09, 9 Dec

2004 (UTC)

Smedley and the Fascist Plot
Hey Q, Check out this: http://coat.ncf.ca/fascistplot, which has lots of stuff about Butler and his involvement in the abortive coup to take over the US government... would be good fodder for the Smedley Butler article, which is pretty lacking in the fascist-plot department. Also has a buncha stuff about Smedley's political views... lots of original documents. Graft 18:39, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Image:USAMRIID.jpg
I don't quite remember where I originally got this photo from. I remember I edited it off a google image hit. I'm not sure if this makes it an original work, or free use. In any case, from what I can tell, it looks like the original image was taken by "van Aken/Sunshine" from what I can tell from this site. I assume this means the person who took the photo was "van Aken," and he worked for the Sunshine project. — マイケル   ₪  19:30, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Image Vinodol
Hi; OK, I'll see. Best, Mir Harven 19:36, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Fallsview Picture
RE: The fallsview photo, and whether I took the picture myself. Negatory, I stole it from their webpage. Since it's a Canadian government photo and I'm a citizen, I figured that I had some sort of right to the photo. :)

Abusive messages on talk pages
68.107.102.129 is sending abusive messages to my talk page. Can he be dealt with? OneGuy 22:09, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

From FT2
See talk page over Ciz and ArbCom. Thanks. FT2 20:16, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Nevada Tan
Sorry - was away and missed that - what happened? Mark Richards 22:40, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It's certainly a wierd one. Makes me feel kind of funny to have that article. Not sure I have any particular wisdom about what to do with it though. Mark Richards 22:45, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Untagged Images
Thanks for the note. I've tagged nearly 1000 images already (including most of the ones listed on User:Anthony_DiPierro/Images), but I suppose I've been a little burnt out lately. One thing that would make things easier is if we didn't protect the image displayed on the front page. Tagging the featured article picture is something I do quite often if it's not already tagged (which is rather sad, featured article images should have been tagged long before they get on the front page). anthony 警告 05:02, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Help with 168.9.35.14
This IP address is from Kennesaw Mountain High School. Thousands of students use the computers and I (along with many others) constantly use Wikipedia (all with the IP address 168.9.35.14. Yesterday, I received a message (I just happened to be on at the same time that the message was sent) that this was "my" last warning to stop vandalism or the IP address would be banned. I have my own account, Potatosalad, but I was just curious, will I still be able to access the Wikipedia main page and be able to login? There are a lot of idiots at this school and I'm sure someone in the IT staff could find out who is responsible for the vandalism if asked nicely. I'm really just curious about what is going to happen regarding banning the IP address. Unless those responsible are caught, I'm pretty sure that the vandalism is going to continue to some degree. Thanks.

168.9.35.14 14:15, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Wikiquote admin
Hello, you are now an administrator at the English Wikiquote. If you have any problems, let me know on my talk page, or leave a note on Requests for permissions. Good luck. Angela. 15:54, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * Congratulations. I'm glad to have another administrator active on Wikiquote. Things have been getting busier. I just noticed yesterday that you must have admin status when you deleted "Lorem ipsum", and just got around to checking up a bit more today. There is a task I was going to bring up with Tim or someone, and I'm not sure of your status in that regard, but if you are also a developer, could you work on creating an advisory on the Uploads page to upload public domain images at The Wikimedia Commons instead of Wikiquote? I don't want the servers to get cluttered up any more than necessary, and that would help to prevent redundant uploads. Again, I'm glad to have you around, and I am interested in hearing some of your ideas. ~ Kalki 23:32, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Euro notes copyright
I'm sorry, but your banknote copyright notice is entirely inadequate. The images in question (regardless of the design copyright) are the work of the ECB (although no specific image use conditions were visible on the website).

As regards the design - there's absolutely no issue there either. Anyone who creates a work automatically has copyright. With a copyright notice displaying who specifically that is, it's quite unequivocal as to the work certainly not being public domain.

Even if there is a question mark as to the applicability of copyright law to banknote designs (and I see no legal reason why there should be - even if it seems like a nice idea to people), it is not I would think, a sensible idea for Wikipedia to challenge a clear copyright claim.

Please desist from placing such dodgy copyright notices on the Euro note images.

I should also point out, that outside the US, even the defence claim of "fair use" is somewhat shaky.

zoney ♣ talk 16:33, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

6th Beatitude png
Hi,

The source is, of course, ancient. The typesetting probably comes from Prayers of the Cosmos, by Neil Douglas-Klotz. I can't remember for sure, but I think I scanned it and then arranged it into a single line. It's typeset, so it isn't calligraphy. It's short, so ordinarily it should be fair use to quote it in something like a book review. If there is a problem, nevertheless, I suppose I could copy it out in hand or figure out how to type it out on my Mac. Unfortunately I don't know the language, fonts look different enough to make some letters look confusingly alike, etc., so that might not be a good option. 金 (Kim) 06:41, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

LaSalle images
I understand, generally, about image copyright. I requested and received permission from the vehicle owner (which was a dealer) to use this series. I pasted the e-mail correspondence into each picture's discussion page, and referred back to the source link at the bottom of the article. I frankly thought these pictures were better documented than 99% of the images on wiki. What else do you suggest? RivGuySC 19:07, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Transwiki deletion of recipes
Could you please update links when you delete pages that are moved elsewhere? This way there won't be red links to pages where there used to be information. Thanks, Dori | Talk 19:10, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

Commons admin
I've made you an admin on Commons. Congratulations! villy 11:20, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

WikiGnome Image Copyright Issues
Hi, thanks for bringing this to my attention. I found it on another wiki, which has since removed the image. I believe this is GFDL, and I have tagged it as such. Ratiocinate 21:48, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Slats
Hi! With regard to ''could you tell me where Image:Wing.slat.250pix.jpg comes from? I'm doing some image-tagging'' it can be deleted, being just a thumbnail left over from the old picture syntax. The big version is on article Slats and is tagged PD because I took it. Thanks for your great work on image tagging - Adrian Pingstone 21:58, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

del
Hello Quadell, could you please delete this, it´s content of a present and bitter discussion in de.wikipedia (reasons for deletion are noted there). Thanx a lot, greetings --Bdk 04:11, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Martin Luther by Lucas Cranach der Ältere on the commons
According to the language polocy which is probably about as unstable as Plutonium-186, people should be named by their native name, so commons:Category:Lucas Cranach the Elder should be moved to commons:Category:Lucas Cranach der Ältere. -- Ævar Arnfjörð [ Bjarmason]   05:33, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC)

Katharine Gun
Hi there. I'm new to WP, I just wanted to say cool link to Katharine Gun. It is very interesting. Thanks for posting it! --Culix 08:29, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

OS-Tan Pictures
Sorry that I didn't notice your message on my user (just found out I get them), anyway, I got the pictures from the OS-Tan Gallery thats noted on the Article (the gallery in Japanese), the picture that I edited is in the All section of the gallery, theres also a note about it on the OS-Tan dicussion page. Here

So I'm not quite sure who made that picture in the first place, but I did make the avatar pics from that picture.

Jim-San

Image status
Hi! This image is downloaded from nl:Afbeelding:Aalscholver_zit300.jpg. Reytan 19:56, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Maps categorization on commons:
Please take a look to my comments in commons:Image talk:Au-map.png. --EugeneZelenko 15:45, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Categories good when they are not very generic. I could totally agree when Ceylon map comes to Maps of Sri Lanka category, but disagree when it categorized as Map.

Categories are great but what about CIA maps with cryptic names? How about description translation (which could be done in article only)?

I feel that good discussion on this subject required.

EugeneZelenko 02:33, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

German translation
Re: Image:Wirth.jpg: The copyright roughly translated means: ''All content of LeMO is copyrighted. Unless otherwise noted, the coyrights are with DHM and HdG. Please inform us if despite careful checking we have violated the copyright of a third party. Commercial use may be punished by law.'' I hate those "It's ours unless you prove otherwise" claims. But, the particular image is of Joseph Wirth, Chancellor of Germany from 1921 to 1922 who died in 1956. If the image is from 1921/22, the copyright may be expired. I think photos in Germany are copyrighted for 50 years, but i am absolutely not certain about this. -- Chris 73 Talk 23:38, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * Chris is right. The German Urheberrechtsgesetz (copyright law) states in §72(3) that the copyright on photographs (and only photographs; other works are protected for longer) expires 50 years after their initial publication (or public exhibition), or fifty years after they have been taken if they have not been published or publically exhibited in that time. Thus German photographs that have been published before 1954 would be in the public domain by now. Photographs that were not published in the 50 years after they were taken would also be in the public domain. (For example, a 1943 photo not published before 1994.) However, a 1905 picture first published in 1955 would still be copyrighted until December 31, 2005. With regard to this particular image, may I point out that the man shown certainly looks older than 43 years (Wirth was born in 1879) and thus the picture is very likely not from 1922 but from a later date. Lupo 11:42, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Barnstar
Thanks for the Barnstar! :-)

I'm already working on av. I have also created a read-only-bot that can read all the image links from an "Untagged Images" page, then read all the image descriptions, and list all the ones that don't have an image copyright tag, in sections of 50 (see tha av page) for better manual editing. If you want me to run a page, just drop me a note. (I don't want to run all of them, as the bot does draw resources from the wikipedia, however lightly). --Magnus Manske 09:48, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

Candian Political Party logo's
Quadell, I am *also* tagging images from the giant untagged image project. I came across Image:Cpcsmall.jpg which was untagged but linked to from every page in the Canadian_federal_political_parties category. Then I looked at the other images/logo's in that category and they are all tagged in various ways:

 * Image:Lpcsmall.jpg - PD
 * Image:Cpcsmall.jpg - None
 * Image:Bqsmall.jpg - None
 * Image:Ndpsmall.jpg - Logo
 * Image:Capsmall.PNG - None
 * Image:Chpsmall.PNG - None
 * Image:Cmpcsmall.PNG - None
 * Image:Gpcsmall.jpg - None
 * Image:Ltpcsmall.PNG - PD
 * Image:Mpsmall.PNG - unverified
 * Image:Mlpcsmall2.PNG - none
 * Image:Pcpsmall.PNG - fairuse

I saw you tagged Image:Lpcsmall.jpg as and was wonder what your reasons were. I'd like to get all of those images tagged similarly, but don't really know enough at the moment to pick a tag. Any thoughts? --19:23, 2004 Dec 17 (UTC)

Nazi concentration camp badges
Hi. Did you make these yourself? If not, where did you get them? (Image:Small-triangle-Czech.jpg, Image:Small-triangle-band.jpg, Image:Small-triangle-green.jpg, etc.)   – Quadell (talk) (help)   01:07, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * I made them as reproductions from documented descriptions and have released them in to the public domain. D AVODD  [[User_talk:Davodd|« TALK »]] 22:03, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

Kentchi
The kentchi.jpg image is from a public domain site. User:dinopup

Image tagging and diagrams
Hi Quadell,

You wrote "Nice replacement image!" in reference to Image:Tutte eight cage.png. Thanks! I've noticed that you do a lot of image tagging lately. (You must have something automated to make it go so quick!) If you come across any more diagrams like Image:8cage.jpg that need cleaning, let me know and I can try to make a Metapost version.

--Dbenbenn 18:49, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

commons:Image:Lightmatter unidentified pig-like animal.jpg
Hi Quadell! I identified this animal as Red River Hog (Potamochoerus porcus) from Western and Central Africa. --Franz Xaver 21:34, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Ford Prefect
Not sure how any of that stuff you mentioned works, but the photo came from my scanner, previously from my camera, and previously from photons bouncing off my wife's Ford Prefect. B^)

Oh and it's fair game GPL/PAL-type stuff.

-- Dodger

Jewbacca Block?
He violated 3RR on AIPAC: Four reverts in less than five hours. One is a partial revert.   --Wiesenthaler 07:06, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Please note, Wiesenthaler is an alleged sock puppet (see wikipuppets), and the diffs provided are useless. Jewbacca did not violate the 3RR.--Viriditas  | Talk 11:14, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Images
Hi Quadell, the Corvus albus image was taken from a postage stamp and the bill (beak) modified as the proportions were actually incorrect (too slim for this species).

The second image, Corvus bennetti was emailed to me some time ago by someone from Australia, source unknown. I modified it heavily by removing the background which was too dark. I later removed it from the article due to the possibility of copyright, even though heavily modified.

Steve nova

Martin Bergstrand
Hello. Are you Martin Bergstrand? Or is he perhaps a friend of yours? – Quadell (talk) (help)  02:19, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Neither. The name sounds a bit familliar, but I can't place it. (Did a search) Ah, him! Not really a friend as such. He's a fellow member (actually chairman) of the Swedish SAAB Club (www.saabklubben.com). I was given permission to use his photos as long as he was credited. // Liftarn

Identification
Update: the person I contacted about further identifying your sea creature image has not returned my messages. I'll try to contact another person as soon as possible. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 12:14, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

Image copyright
Hi! I believe the librarian from that library took the picture with his digital camera and uploaded it to the Esperanto Wikipedia. So, I took it from there and added it to the English Wikipedia. --Chuck SMITH 01:37, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Image licenses
Quadell, sorry never replied back on your talk page. Image:Tzero.bmp - I think it was from the AC Propulsion site. I don't add images regularly, and generally can't recall where they from. Appreciate any tagging help you can give me. --Rj 06:30, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

Your tagging of Image:Wirth.jpg
Hi Quadell, why did you tag this image as PD-Germany? While I agree that the man looks younger than 75 (1954 - 1879 = 75) and the image was thus most probably taken before 1954, we also must take into account the year the image was first published. If it was first published after 1954, it would be still copyrighted! Lupo 09:49, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Image:PhilosophersStone.png
Greetings, Solipsist. You uploaded Image:PhilosophersStone.png, and it says "Drawn by Andrew Dunn - 1995" Are you Andrew Dunn? If not, do you know if he would be willing to release the image under the GFDL? Thanks,   – Quadell (talk) (help)a|   18:30, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * I know you are just ploughing through the untagged images list - Good work by the way.
 * On this one, the answer is in principle yes, but in practice it should probably be listed for deletion. I uploaded it just to illustrate a point on the Reference Desk when someone was talking about a very different diagram for the Philosopher's Stone. Its based on a drawing in Isaac Newton's alchemical library. However it was originally drawn on a Mac (which I no longer have), and although 90% of the file is OK on a PC, it uses a font I haven't got to hand. As a result some of the symbols are wrong/missing. If someone really wanted it I could probably work out a correct version, but for now its better deleted. -- Solipsist 22:46, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Help with images for WikiProject Cricket
Hi Quadell. I was wondering if you (as a seeming expert on all matters imaging) could help us with a bit of advice. On the above project, we are attempting to make a page for significant cricketers (see Muttiah Muralitharan/infobox for an example), using a template. However, we are somewhat confused as to how we can include images, as we feel these would greatly enhance the quality of the articles. We know that there is an excellent source, CricInfo, which could provide the images. However, all the images there are copyrighted. We would like to know whether it is worth our while contacting CricInfo regarding permission for this. Perhaps you could help?

Happy Christmas, and many thanks. Smoddy | Talk 23:16, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks a lot, that's a great help. Happy holidays! Smoddy | Talk 15:52, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Zayed bin Sultan
Hi Quadell, I am writing to you concerning the Zayed bin Sultan page. I know that the article is meant to be as unbiased as possible, however, the original articles were blatantly anti-Sheikh Zayed, which is very unfair and unpardonable to people who have been to the UAE, met it's people and witnessed its achievements. The country's progress could not have been as successful without it's leaders guidance. I would like to discuss this issue further with you, do you have msn? Thank you, Falcon44

 * I don't have msn, sorry. But you can e-mail me by clicking the "Email this user" link at the lower-right part of this page. It's important to show the views of those who admire Sheikh Zayed, as well as the veiws of those who dislike him. – Quadell (talk) (help) 14:19, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi. You uploaded Image:Constantijn van Oranje-Nassau.jpg but did not list any source and/or copyright information on the image description page. Please mark it either as GFDL or public domain. See Image_copyright_tags for more info. Please note that images without copyright information may be deleted in the future. Thanks. RedWolf 00:37, Dec 24, 2004 (UTC)

I have now updated license information for: Image:Supramk1.jpg, Image:Supramk2.jpg, Image:Supramk3.jpg, and Image:Supramk4.jpg. --Heno 16:15, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Image Category
First, thanks for the vast contributions you're doing; my question is, I've came across a picture (several) that are tagged, but I feel are tagged incorrectly or shall I say, not specific enough - ex. Lake Effect photo, clearly this is taken by NASA - shall I rename the tag from   to    ? Is this even a cocern for 'pedia how correct it is? ~ RoboAction 09:21, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

P.S. I was going to upload a photo by pressing the "Upload file" link on the side, but I realized we have Wikimedia Commons., and as far as I know, (please correct me) it is the CORRECT place to upload files..yet there was no warning in the template provided in the upload file section nor at its how to upload image page... is it possible to update the information for future users? ~ RoboAction 09:41, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Image:Raftornadof3b.jpg
Hi. A listing for Image:Raftornadof3b.jpg has been sitting on WP:CP since 18 Oct. I wondered if you might have any feedback to help resolve this one. Thanks, -- Infrogmation 19:11, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

linotype image
There's a missing image now in linotype machine - do you know why and/or how to fix it? I'm a words guy; this picture stuff baffles me! = DavidWBrooks 14:23, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Template:NoncommercialProvided
I need a sysop... The template Template:NoncommercialProvided is protected, and broken. See the talk page. Thanks for your time! Zeimusu 02:52, 2004 Dec 28 (UTC)

Image:GOR.jpg
I've updated the copyright info as requested. - Catscratch

title: User talk:Quadell/Archive 5


text:
Eustatic sea level

The eustatic sea level is the distance from the center of the Earth to the sea surface. An increase of the eustatic sea level can be generated by decreasing glaciation, increasing spreading rates of the mid-ocean ridges or increasing the number of mid-oceanic ridges. Conversely, increasing glaciation, decreasing spreading rates or fewer mid-ocean ridges can lead to a fall in the eustatic sea level.

Changes in the eustatic sea level lead to changes in accommodation and therefore affect the deposition of sediments in marine environments.

Eustatic (global) sea level refers to the volume of Earth's oceans. This is not a physical level but instead represents the sea level if all of the water in the oceans were contained in a single basin. Eustatic sea level is not relative to local surfaces, because relative sea level depends on many factors - including tectonics, continental rise and subsidence. Eustatic sea level follows the "bathtub approach" which describes the ocean as a single bathtub. One can add or remove water and Earth's oceans will gain or lose water globally. Differences in eustatic sea level over time stem from three main factors:

 * Changes in total ocean water mass, for instance, by ice-sheet runoff. When an ice sheet (such as Greenland) begins to lose some of its ice mass due to melt, the liquid water is transported to the ocean. According to the "bathtub approach", ice-sheet runoff from Greenland will affect eustatic sea level in all areas of the world, whether nearby or distant. Ocean water mass may shrink in size if the continental ice sheets grow in size, thereby removing liquid water from oceans and converting them to grow ice sheets
 * Changes in the size of the ocean basin, for instance, by tectonic seafloor spreading or by sedimentation. These slow processes can cause the total volume of the oceanic basin to change.
 * Density changes of the water, for instance, by thermal expansion. Warming will cause water to experience greater molecular motion, thus increasing the volume a molecule will occupy. Expansion of water may also be caused by changes in ocean salinity. As continental ice accumulates, the ocean water freezes onto land but the salt it carried will mostly remain in the ocean. Thus, as ice sheets increase, ocean salinity also increases (and vice versa). An increase in salinity will increase the density of the ocean basin. Melting of ice sheets and a decrease of ocean salinity will effectively decrease the density of the water. These two effects together result in the  sea level. The thermal part is called the thermosteric sea level, whereas the salinity part is called the halosteric sea level.

title: Eustatic sea level


text:
Talk:Great Hanshin earthquake

Volunteer Day by Cabinet order?
"By cabinet order, January 17 is now Fire Protection and Volunteer Day across Japan." What's the relevance of this? It's not clearly explained. 85.211.42.232 01:32, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I tried to clarify this. See if it makes more sense now. Fg2 01:44, 29 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Not ordered by the Cabinet. A source in Japanese says it was agreed at a Cabinet meeting on December, 15, 1995. I modified this part on March 28, 2008. Thank you so much. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 02:46, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Sources for "Plate tectonics"
Do any of you know a good source in English which includes a plain explanation of "how an active fault inside a land plate causes an earthquake"? Kobe earthquake was of this type, so it made a term "活断層" (katsu-dansō; active fault) more famous in Japan, or infamous, I should say. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 17:07, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

Confusion about Kobe earthquake
When a cause of earthquakes is explained in English, the most popular one I guess is energy release around a plate boundary. Probably that's why no editor pointed out it's not the case with Kobe earthquake for this article for 2 years. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 17:07, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

Copyright permission
As to Source Z:

Phew. I mispronounced "seismic" when I phoned MEXT to get a permission for utilizing Source Z. I asked in Japanese a division which controls it, specifying the section I wrote, and I got OK. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 17:07, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

As to Source X, Y, and an Oxford dictionary:

I think there's no need to ask for a permission. I used no copy from Source X, and cited only one sentence for a certain purpose from each of Source Y and the Oxford dictionary. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 17:07, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

Plural magnitude scales
In news reports, a magnitude estimated by Japan Meteorological Agency is often described for accommodation as that on the Richter scale. However, JMA uses another scale than the Richter magnitude scale, which was the first-introduced magnitude scale in the world. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 02:46, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

This also is exacerbated by comparing the earthquake with the Northridge earthquake. In the article, the two are compared using different scales, causing confusion. Hawksocc8 (talk) 06:31, 13, Jul 2010 (UTC)

Two JMA magnitudes
JMA revised algorithm for the JMA magnitude scale, and introduced a new scale on Sep. 25, 2003. During the revision works, this earthquake's JMA magnitude was changed from MJ 7.2 to MJ 7.3 on April 23, 2001. As to this revision (in Japanese) : a news release from JMA --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 02:46, 1 May 2008 (modified 08:28, 1 May 2008 and 05:36, 17 Jan 2010) (UTC)
 * I read again the winding news release from JMA to know that the JMA magnitude of this earthquake was adjusted to 7.3 and it stays as the same after this revision. So I modified the expressions in the article as so.--Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 05:37, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

Misunderstanding about seismic intensity
I found this article's section "Seismic Intensity" was showing confusion between magnitude and seismic intensity, so I cleared it up. Magnitude shows a size of an earthquake itself, so it does not differ by observation points. Seismic intensity is a size of tremors observed at a particular place.--Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 05:37, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

Foreshocks
I've found that the largest foreshock of the four was observed at 18:28 the previous day and it measured 3.7 on the revised JMA magnitude scale by searching JMA database of felt earthquakes. As to the magnitudes of the 4 foreshocks, this paper (in Japanese) supports the expression "between 1.5 and 3.6" which I modified. However, that may be a recalculation of the data from a research center of a Kyoto University's institute, which observed the foreshocks and says the largest one was estimated at M3.3 (in Japanese). --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 03:36, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Private efforts, 'Other Effects' sections
- I aggree that at this point, this article is a 'B.' there is a lot of literature on the earthquake, mostly in jp, to be fair, but surely there must be better sources in English. - provate efforts section: this section focusses on corporate efforts, but does not mention the contributions of ordinary citizens, which was by some acounts the most effective and numerous. Curiously enough, i gather organized crime also engaged in relief efforts, though don't have research on hand. - 'other effects' section: the word 'volunteer' entered the japanese vocab at that time and the japanese NPO law was created partly in response to the growth of citizens organizations established to provide relief. remember that japan does not have a charity culture like, say the UK and historic non-profit sector like, eg. Germany. an imporant local institution established at the time is fm waiwai, a multi-lingual broadcaster set up to emergency information to foreign residents (esp. Vietnamese and Korean). --Bine maya 16:20, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Personal experience
Hi! I experienced the Great Hanshin Earthquake when I was 1 year old. I almost died.

Woah. Where were you? What happened, and do you remember what it looked like?

Do you think you could tell me what happened? because it would be a great help for my geography project.

I just saw a documentary about the Kobe earthquake on Discovery. They showed pictures of the faultline visible to the naked eye. One plate higher than the other, as Kobe lies in a subduction zone. Could someone upload a photo of that? Jordskjelv 13:40, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Most costly disaster
" It was the worst earthquake in Japan since the Great Kanto earthquake in 1923, which claimed 140,000 lives, and it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the "costliest natural disaster to befall any one country," but it is expected that this earthquake will cede that title to Hurricane Katrina for the 2007 Guinness Book of Records.  "

The Great Kanto earthquake article states that that quake did over $1 billion damage in contemporary dollars, which would probably put it over the estimated $75 billion of Katrina when adjusted for inflation. Additionally, this article states that the Great Hanshin quake did $100 billion dollars in damage, which is far larger than Katrina's damage. Accordingly, I am editing the article. --172.164.108.116 02:54, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Plate movement of 50km?
Seems a bit excessive...anybody care to check that fact out? CapeCodEph 04:46, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

The Kobe Luminarie is not particularly near Shin Kobe station. It is closer to other stations such as JR Sannomiya. It would be more accurate to say it is held in central Kobe between Motomachi and Sannomiya near the Daimaru department store.

A very good source on the quake
http://gees.usc.edu/GEES/Reports/Report3/japan/KOBE.HTML

I'm currently in correspondance with the author to get permission to release the images for use on Wikipedia. I'll put them up on Wikimedia Commons, if/when the author accepts. -- Exitmoose 00:59, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * That was quick. I recieved permission to use the images in the report, so I'll upload some of the better ones to the Commons. -- Exitmoose 01:21, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

That Paragraph Comparing this with Northridge 1994
Sorry, but that paragraph has got to go. Someone with some expertise, please help here. Weren't they about the same size? And wasn't the epicenter of the Northridge Quake directly under the city? Wasn't the epicenter of the Hanshin Quake in the bay somewhere? InFairness 22:56, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Northridge was a magnitude 6.7, and Kobe was 7.3. The paragraph states that they were "similar" strength earthquakes and questions why there was more damage in Kobe. This makes no sense because the two earthquakes were not similar strength at all, because the Richter scale is logarithmic. The energy released by the Kobe earthquake was 8 times greater than the Northridge earthquake. (Difference in magnitude is 0.6, so factor of extra energy released = (10^0.6)^1.5  See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale For this reason, I have decided to remove the paragraph comparing to the Northridge earthquake, because the two earthquakes were not similar at all. 31.208.65.156 (talk) 00:12, 15 August 2014 (UTC)

Bad source
The source http://www.academon.com/lib/paper/66902.html should be removed. It is a commercial site selling proprietary term papers. Fg2 10:35, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Nothing in this article about worldwide shortage of computer chips !?!!
I remember that following this earthquake there occurred a worldwide shortage of computer chips. This was apparently because the factory making most of the world's production was located in Kobe, and had been put out of action for a very long period. A black market in computer chips developed, and burglars began stealing chips to order. I remember coming into the office (in London UK) once day, to see all the PCs lying on the floor, with CPU boxes opened and microchips stolen - everything else including hard disk memory was intact, as the thieves had a sense of decorum. The bosses were then forced to buy back chips on the black market in order to get the office back into operation again. 16 July 2007

[Nov 2009] I remember this too ... as I recall, the factory in question was making not chips, but rather most of the world's supply the black plastic outer material used for packaging and "bond out" in the business. I was living in the UK myself at the time, and retail prices of (legitimately sourced!) DRAM chips rose sharply and stayed at around GBP 30 per MByte for at least 18 months afterwards, rather than following the typical Moore's Law curve. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.123.82.30 (talk) 23:28, 6 November 2009 (UTC)

Kobe earthquake and Sunflower in Japan
A young girl, one of the victims of the earthquake, one day placed a sunflower seed into soil in the garden, and she didn't have any chance to see its blooming because she was death in the middle of the incident. However, her sunflower was not. It was blooming shiningly in the center of the destruction. Later Japan was fill up with sunflower for her memories. I've got that information form Discovery, however I really don't know whether it was true and update to the article, or we have to open a new stuff with "From other side" title?Hanzo2050 (talk) 05:49, 25 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Again, it is just a short clip (about 2min), however it gives a great symbol of difficulty solution ability of the Japanese.Hanzo2050 (talk) 18:35, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Here and here, read it yourself.Hanzo2050 (talk) 18:58, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Foreshocks and Aftershocks
Under this section, there is an explanation of how the Richter Scale works, etc. It is not really relevant to have it in the article ABOUT the Hanshin Earthquake. It's not really information specific to it; the article should just provide a link to the article Richter Magnitude Scale.Yumehoshijima (talk) 01:44, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Not only is it not relivant since the measurement given is on the Japanese scale, the explination is incorrect. An increase of 1 isn't a factor 10, its aprox 31ish, and an increase of 2 is 1000. Unfortunatly, just removing that line makes the already poor flow in that section even worse. 123.222.137.153 (talk) 12:16, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Image Gallery
Not sure if i'm correct here, but it seems to me that most of the images in the "gallery" section are in the commons already. Perhaps removing this section and it's message might make this article seem a little better? 78.146.20.223 (talk) 17:12, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Deaths in Kobe > Total Deaths ???
"Approximately 6,434 people lost their lives[...] about 4,600 of them were from Kobe"

This... doesn't make sense.

Someone?

Fowl2 (talk) 04:10, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

 * What's the problem here? 4600 is less than 6434, but your section title says the reverse. Fg2 (talk) 09:13, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

Names
Also in Japanese this earthquake and the disaster are sometimes crowned with "Kobe," the name of the megacity which underwent huge damages. 阪神・淡路大震災 (Hanshin-Awaji Daishinsai) is a name for the disaster, not for this earthquake, so I separated this name from "Great Hanshin Earthquake" in the article. Daishinsai means large (dai) disaster by earthquake (shinsai), i.e. earthquake calamity. NHK uses this official name approved by the then Cabinet. The placename Awaji is often omitted by other news media. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 05:03, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

RE: Damage in cities and the suburbs
I placed two tags, and , at the top of this subsection, whose content ([ as of 2010-01-18 21:28 UTC]) is thoroughly sourceless and even does remind me of a Japanese phrase meaning 'a lie told as if one had observed the scene.' Every survivor who was actually at the scene must have been scarcely enough to help himself/herself (and his/her relatives or friends) for the first few days. It's very regrettable if the content stayed almost the same without any reliable source at least for about 18 months, as is suggested by an inter-revision difference. Here I list some points. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 23:40, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Gus lines: I removed the sentence beginning with "Ruptured gas lines ignited," which is dubious. (Does anyone know a good source in English?) Osaka Gas says in this page that the company shut off gas supply for many customers so as to prevent secondary disaster. By the time of this quake, microcomputer-controlled gas meters (designed to suspend gas supply when large tremors are detected) had prevailed to a certain extent, about 75 % according to a chart in Chapter 5 of this databook (Osaka Gas, 2009). This chart also says that quake-resistant gas pipes covered 68 % of the gas-pipe network. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 23:40, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Wooden houses: Unreinforced structure is probably one of major causes, but does not completely explain the huge damage. I've heard that one reason why many flat houses collapsed was that the seismic wave included strong short-cycle tremors causing sympathetic vibration of low buildings: if this quake had caused powerful longer-cycle tremors around the noon, it must have led to greater causalities in taller constructions. (Actually, the two Niigata large quakes in 2004 and 2007 made high buildings sway in Tokyo, far from the hypocenters, which fortunately killed no one.) --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 23:40, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Northridge earthquake: I think we should refrain from trying such a comparison unless we have a reliable source for the comparison itself which is supervised by an expert and easy for ordinary people to understand. --Dumpty-Humpty (talk) 23:40, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

Kobe Earthquake Memorial Museum
There is a museum about this earthquake. It should be added in Memorials section.--Tranletuhan (talk) 00:30, 6 September 2010 (UTC)

Precursors
Professor Motoji Ikeya of nearby Osaka concentrated his subsequent research on earthquake prediction in the wake of the Kobe quake and published extensively (in refereed journals as well as two books in Japanese and one in English). He mainly concentrated on the strange behaviour of animals - particularly catfish small mammals - related to the piezoelectric effect of seismic activity, an earthquake precursor now being measured directly by the US company Quakefinder, to which I have no affiliation.--Timtak (talk) 02:42, 15 April 2015 (UTC)

Possible resource
I found stuff from St. Cloud State University - http://web.archive.org/web/19961128190510/http://condor.stcloud.msus.edu:20020/index2.html - on a page run by Katsuhiko Momoi (桃井勝彦)

aLSO http://web.archive.org/web/19980124000315/http://www.csl.sony.co.jp:80/earthquake/index.html

WhisperToMe (talk) 10:02, 15 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Hanshin earthquake


text: User:RoyBoy/Templates

title: User:RoyBoy/Templates


title: User:RoyBoy/Templates/Button2


text:
Talk:Brake run

Needs an expert
This page needs a great deal of attention from a subject matter expert. Current page appears to have been written by a fan/frequent rider, and not an expert on the physics of how the technology works. Many claimed arguments are in fact speculation, and do not cite sources for these claims.

Ereisch (talk) 20:00, 14 April 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brake run


text:
The Joys of Yiddish

The Joys of Yiddish is a book containing a lexicon of common words and phrases of Yinglish—i.e., words originating in the Yiddish language that had become known to speakers of American English due to the influence of American Ashkenazi Jews. It was originally published in 1968 and written by Leo Rosten.

The book distinguished itself by how it explained the meaning of the Yiddish words and phrases: almost every entry was illustrated by a joke. This made the book not only a useful reference, but also a treasured collection of Jewish humor.

As is inevitable with any book that references popular culture, it quickly became dated due to the dramatic changes that American culture (and Jewish-American culture) underwent over the next 30 years. Rosten published revised versions of the book with different titles: Hooray for Yiddish! (1982) and The Joys of Yinglish (1989). In 2003, a new edition of the original book was published. Titled The New Joys of Yiddish, it was revised by Lawrence Bush, with copious footnotes added to clarify passages that had become outdated. Some material was also rearranged.

References in popular culture
In 1998, Charles Schumer and Al D'Amato were running for the position of United States Senator representing New York. During the race, D'Amato referred to Schumer as a putzhead. The New York Times referenced the entry for putz in The Joy of Yiddish and maintained that the phrase did not merely mean "fool", as D'Amato insisted, but was significantly more pejorative: based on that entry, a better translation might be "dickhead". D'Amato ended up losing the race; some observers credit this incident with costing him the election.

Harlan Ellison's 1974 science fiction story "I'm Looking for Kadak" (collected in Ellison's 1976 book Approaching Oblivion and in Wandering Stars: An Anthology of Jewish Fantasy and Science Fiction) is narrated by an eleven-armed Jewish alien from the planet Zsouchmuhn with an extensive Yiddish vocabulary.

Dave McKean and Neil Gaiman's 2005 fantasy film MirrorMask includes Rosten's classic riddle, discussed in The Joys of Yiddish as follows:

The first riddle I ever heard, one familiar to almost every Jewish child, was propounded to me by my father:

"What is it that hangs on the wall, is green, wet -- and whistles?" I knit my brow and thought and thought, and in final perplexity gave up. "A herring," said my father. "A herring," I echoed. "A herring doesn't hang on the wall!" "So hang it there." "But a herring isn't green!" I protested. "Paint it." "But a herring isn't wet." "If it's just painted it's still wet." "But -- " I sputtered, summoning all my outrage, "-- a herring doesn't whistle!!" "Right, " smiled my father. "I just put that in to make it hard."

John Updike's final novel in the Rabbit series, Rabbit at Rest, copies Rosten's joke from the entry on tsuris.

Translations
This book has a German translation published by Deutsche Taschenbuch Verlag, 11. 2002 and 4. 2003 ISBN 3-423-24327-9: ''Jiddisch. Eine kleine Enzyklopädie, a French one published by Éditions Calmann-Lévy ISBN 2-7021-2262-0, Les Joies du Yiddish and a Czech one published by Academia in 1998, Jidiš pro radost'', 	ISBN 80-200-0707-5, republished by Leda in 2013, ISBN 978-80-7335-333-9.

title: The Joys of Yiddish


text: User:RoyBoy/Templates/Button

title: User:RoyBoy/Templates/Button


text: File:Drivetiresw.jpg

title: File:Drivetiresw.jpg


text:
Richard Riley

Richard Wilson Riley (born January 2, 1933) is an American politician, the United States Secretary of Education under President Bill Clinton and the 111th governor of South Carolina. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Riley is the only Democrat to serve two consecutive terms as governor in the time since the state constitution was amended to allow governors to serve consecutive terms.

Early life and career
Richard Riley was born on January 2, 1933, in Greenville, South Carolina, to Edward P. "Ted" Riley and the former Martha (née Dixon) Riley. He graduated cum laude from Furman University, where he was a member of the South Carolina Phi Chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, in 1954 and received his law degree from the University of South Carolina.

Riley served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1963 to 1966. He served in the South Carolina Senate from 1967 to 1977.

Governor of South Carolina, 1979–1987
Riley was elected governor of South Carolina in 1978. During his first term, the state constitution was amended to allow governors to serve two terms. Riley was re-elected in 1982, 70%-30%, over the Republican former journalist W. D. Workman, Jr., of Greenville, and served until 1987.

As governor, Riley presided over the resumption of executions, despite his personal opposition to the death penalty.

Riley spearheaded the South Carolina Education Improvement Act of 1984, a consequential statewide education reform effort that led him to being dubbed as South Carolina’s “Education Governor.” He also initiated landmark legislation such as the Medically Indigent Assistance Act, the first statewide program of its kind in the nation; the Employment Revitalization Act aimed at coordinating occupational training statewide; and the Omnibus Crime Bill.

Post-gubernatorial career
In 1993, President Bill Clinton approached Riley about an appointment to the United States Supreme Court, which Riley turned down. Clinton ultimately appointed Ruth Bader Ginsburg. That same year, President Clinton appointed Riley to his Cabinet as Secretary of Education. From 1997 to 2000, Riley worked with senior adviser Carol Rasco, the director of Clinton's childhood literacy initiative, the America Reads Challenge, to design and implement the program. Riley served as Secretary of Education until Clinton left office in 2001. Since then, he has served as a partner in the law firm of Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP, and served as a board member of the Albert Shanker Institute. On June 27, 2007, he endorsed Hillary Clinton for president and served as a campaign co-chair.

World Justice Project
Riley serves as an Honorary Co-Chair for the World Justice Project. The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.

Recognition
In 1999, Furman University, Riley's alma mater, created the Richard W. Riley Institute of Government, Politics and Public Leadership in his honor. In 2000, Riley received the Foreign Language Advocacy Award from the Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages in recognition of his support for education and especially for his repeated recommendations that all students learn a second language. In 2008, Walden University renamed its college of education the Richard W. Riley College of Education and Leadership, in honor of Riley's "commitment to students, his legacy of improving access to higher education, and his focus on diversity in education." Winthrop University also renamed its college of education after Riley in 2000.

TIME magazine in 2008 named him among the Top Ten Best Cabinet Members in USA history. The Christian Science Monitor once said that many Americans regard Dick Riley as "one of the great statesmen of education in this (20th) century." The late David Broder, columnist for The Washington Post, called him one of the "most decent and honorable people in public life."

In 2018, his hometown of Greenville announced plans to memorialize him with a sculpture representing his extraordinary public leadership and commitment to quality education for all children.

The Richard W. Riley Collection opened in 2018 at the University of South Carolina’s South Carolina Political Collections and contains more than 3,000 photographs; thousands of speeches with Riley’s handwritten edits; extensive research notes on policy development; considerable correspondence and news clippings; interviews with Riley and his late wife, Tunky, their son, Ted, and Dick Riley's father, Edward P. “Ted” Riley. The collection also includes printed campaign materials from Riley's political campaigns and his efforts for others, including Clinton, Jimmy Carter, and Al Gore.

Personal life
Riley and his wife, the late Ann O. Yarborough, have three sons and one daughter.

title: Richard Riley


text:
User talk:Concernedstudent

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 05:05, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Concernedstudent


text:
Talk:Redditch

General issues
I think to call the train service regular is humorous, I would favour a word such as 'occasional' or 'sporadic' to highlight it's infrequency and common cancellation.
 * The train service is every half-hour and does run until 11pm-ish - whatever its problems, by the standards of our railways these days this is a comparatively frequent service for a town the size of Redditch. Maybe "regular" is a bad choice of word!  But it is an economically significant service to the town, making it feasible to commute to central Birmingham by public transport. Behind The Wall Of Sleep 12:11, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Similar comments can be made about the bus service, which though 'extensive', only runs until about 6pm

Also I think stating that Bridley Moor was 'academically successful' is laughable
 * I've no idea whether Bridley Moor was 'academically successful' or not (though that isn't consistent with the image it had around the town). Really I think this comment either should be removed, or needs to be reworded such that it can be objectively demonstrated, and supported by a citation. Behind The Wall Of Sleep 12:11, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

John cooper clarke poem, burnley, refers to reddish, which is in stockport, not redditch — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.124.68.79 (talk) 00:05, 17 March 2014 (UTC)
 * I would agree that the poem makes more sense referring to Reddish, however it is transcribed here as "Redditch".  Listening to it here on YouTube I'd say it's ambiguous.  Behind The Wall Of Sleep (talk) 10:11, 17 March 2014 (UTC)

Climate data seems off. Less than half the rainfall of Birmingham? The cite doesnt support that data. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:644:100:C6E5:14BC:F041:BA9F:38D3 (talk) 22:00, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

Notable Residents
Why on earth is Scouse Freddie Starr listed on here ? Ok, so there may well be someone living in Matchborough with that name but the link takes you to the (In)famous impressionist/singer/comedian. If it is a joke, it should be deleted. Cabinscooter (talk) 07:51, 22 May 2012 (UTC)

Do we know for sure that Mrs Smith is a resident of Redditch ? Other than any official address as it is her constituency. Cabinscooter (talk) 10:01, 8 December 2007 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cabinscooter (talk • contribs) 09:51, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Surprisingly perhaps it seems like she is, at least according to her official web site. I've added a link to the page.  She's from Malvern though. Behind The Wall Of Sleep (talk) 18:57, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I personally know where she (or at least her family) lives. However, I don't think I'll publish this potentially sensitive information on the web.--EvilFred (talk) 23:01, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I wasn't for a minute suggesting that Jacqui Smith's private address be published but so many people make their fame and fortune in Redditch but then a Redditch address is not good enough for them and reside in places perceived as more 'up market' such as Alcester or Stratford.  Sorry to be cynical about this and I acknowledge the information from EvilFred Cabinscooter (talk) 07:33, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

Does anybody know Rik Mayall's connection with Redditch? His pages say he lived at Droitwich Spa, but maybe he schooled in Redditch? 51kwad (talk) 15:28, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Quoting TV.com "When he was three, Mayall and his parents moved to Redditch, Worcestershire, where he spent the rest of his childhood." Don't know how accurate that is, took it from a quick Google Search -- NRTurner (talk) 16:51, 19 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Well I reckon if it's worth asking, it's worth citing. I'd often doubted his Redditch connection but the TV.com link was enough to convince me, so I've added it to the article.  If anyone actually queries it, then we could look for a more robust source. Behind The Wall Of Sleep (talk) 11:14, 21 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah, now I've read the other article and now I see what you mean. I've left a note on Talk:Rik Mayall, as there must be Mayall experts around who can resolve this for us.  King's School Worcester, though, is definitely in Worcester and not Droitwich or Redditch, and they apparently teach from age 2 up.Behind The Wall Of Sleep (talk) 12:53, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Surely you cannot omit Heavyweight Boxer Jimmy Moran from this list. Commonwealth gold medalist at the Edinburgh games 1986. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.153.23.200 (talk • contribs) 12:54, 27 February 2008
 * I've formatted it now that you have added it, but we really need a source that verifies this. I wasn't able to find one myself. -- NRTurner (talk) 15:24, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

Jimmy Moran was definitely from Redditch, or more specifically Batchley, what about checking the census, also if a fleeting appearance on Big Brother deems you as as celebrity then why not ex-husband Stacy as a professional footballer and ex-student of Bridley Moor (Deportedwolf (talk) 16:01, 8 July 2008 (UTC)) The superior "Faz" Harley is a great addition to this Nation. She brings joy and her army of saintgoers to the rescue of the country, because we all need saving from the evil mullet. Some of these include the hanging child Pinfold and 2 oven tory jones, with a hint of 11 year old snowdome wannabe Porter and a sprinkle of groovy Grayson as the razzle dazzle on top of the cake. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hairbrush2090 (talk • contribs) 23:27, 31 January 2021 (UTC)

Article for town and an article for the district
Currently this article covers both the town and the district. Would it be a good idea to have seperate articles for both the town and the district. I have done a little research (looked at an OS map on Bing and UK Urban Areas article) and it seems that Feckenham as well as a few hamlets (consisting of a couple of farms and such) are the only parts of the district not physically part of the town. So there is a case of the district being almost just the town (almost 98% population wise seeing as Redditch population from UK Urban areas divided by the borough's population is 0.98). Most other towns have seperate district and town articles unless the boundaries are exactly the same which isnt the case for Redditch. So yeah should there be two articles one for the district and another for the town. Eopsid (talk) 14:52, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Good Afternoon, I agree with the above coment greatly... the main issue for me is the council wards section.... most of the councillors listed are no longer serving!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.120.94.197 (talk) 14:39, 26 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Agree that the district/borough and the town are not synonymous (unlike Worcester, for example): about half of the district is rural countryside with some villages and hamlets. I have started User:Dukwon/Redditch Borough using, which should cover the local government stuff in the same vein as Bromsgrove District. Once/if this page is created, I suggest using in the article for the town, which I have started as User:Dukwon/Redditch infobox. — Dukwon (talk) 15:15, 5 March 2017 (UTC)
 * I'd tentatively oppose this. Its clear that the borough of Redditch is significantly larger than the urban area of Redditch and, for example, Feckenham has a distinct rural identity. However splitting the two, means this article would be about the town only - while the district is handled in the extra article. That introduces major problems with sourcing as you need to know which Redditch is meant before you can use the information. That in turn makes it much harder to write a good quality article.
 * For instance, if Redditch Council says "there are 50 primary schools in Redditch" that's a typical encyclopedic fact which should be covered. However is that 50 in the district or the town? If its the district, the town's figure cannot be calculated without original research (do you exclude one in Feckenham? How about one in Astwood Bank?). It is far easier to write about Redditch without the fork, as then you can simply source the statement "Foo is in Redditch" with the source "X says foo is in Redditch".
 * If you look elsewhere, you can see the risks. For instance with Leeds and City of Leeds, the two concepts are much more distinct than is the case for Redditch. My analysis indicates a good chunk of the article about that is supposed to be about the urban area inappropriately uses sources that describe the district.
 * A sub-article to cover the current local government arrangements would certainly be possible. I'd also point out Bromsgrove District is not the best model to follow, as its barely more than a stub. A more developed district article would be a better guide.--Nilfanion (talk) 11:53, 6 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Also tentatively oppose: if 98% of the population of the borough is within the urban area, then two are so much the one and the same that having separate articles would leave the casual reader puzzled as to why there's two articles. Having said this the idea does have merit so keep the idea open. Malevan (talk) 19:44, 20 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Agree, I have expanded it a bit, we have Commons:Category:Borough of Redditch which uses the unparished area of Redditch its self. I would agree that they need to be carefully formatted, the town article should still contain info for the district.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 16:11, 17 February 2018 (UTC)

Argos update
with stores like Debenhams, Primark, Next plc, Marks and Spencers, Argos, Boots UK, H&M, The Perfume Shop and Warren James Jewellers.

should be

with stores like Debenhams, Primark, Next plc, Marks and Spencers, The Range, Boots, H&M, The Perfume Shop and Warren James Jewellers.

Argos has been closed down. The Lemon (talk) 02:51, 20 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 00:38, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Redditch


text: User talk:69.199.64.63

title: User talk:69.199.64.63