text:
Slurpee

Slurpee is the brand name for carbonated slushies sold by 7-Eleven and its subsidiaries A-Plus, Speedway, & Stripes Convenience Stores. The brand originated in 1966 when 7-Eleven made a licensing deal with The Icee Company to sell slushies in 7-Eleven stores.

History
Omar Knedlik invented machines to make frozen beverages in the late 1950s. The idea for a slushed ice drink came when Knedlik's soda fountain broke down, forcing him to put his sodas in a freezer to stay cool, which caused them to become slushy. The result was popular with customers, which gave him the idea to make a machine to help make a "slushy" from carbonated beverages. When it became popular, Knedlik hired an artist named Ruth E. Taylor to create a name and a logo for his invention. She created the Icee name and designed the original logo, which is still used today. Early prototypes for the machine made use of an automobile air conditioning unit.

After a successful trial of Icee machines in 100 stores, 7-Eleven made a licensing deal with The Icee Company to sell the product under certain conditions in 1965. Two of these were that 7-Eleven must use a different name for the product, and that the company was allowed to sell the product only in 7-Eleven locations in the US, a non-compete clause ensuring the two drinks never went head to head for distribution rights. 7-Eleven then sold the product that in 1966 became known as the "Slurpee" (for the sound made when drinking them). The term was coined by Bob Stanford, a 7-Eleven advertisement agency director.

The Slurpee machine has a separate spout, or spigot, for each flavor at the front of a tumbler or freezer. To the right of the spouts is a small table and a tray with various snacks. Above the tray with snacks are the cups, lids and straws customers can take with their Slurpees. Sizes include Small, Large and Mega. When Slurpees were first introduced, the dispensing machine was located behind the counter, and the clerk dispensed the product. Common Slurpee flavors are frozen Cherry, Coca-Cola, and Mountain Dew, but new flavors are introduced regularly. In the Slurpee's early history, flavors rotated much more frequently than today. Slurpee flavors were given novelty names such as Pink Fink, Adults Only, Moonshine, Kissin' Cousin, Gully Washer, Sticky Icky, and Redeye.

In 1990, Dallas-based Southland Corporation, 7-Eleven's founder and US operator, went bankrupt, but 7-Eleven Japan, and its parent Ito-Yokado, bought 70% of Southland in 1991 for $430 million and quickly launched renovations of the US stores. As a result, the US chains became more efficient, although 1,218 stores are closed. Following the Japanese model, the new 7-Eleven stores set up a weekly system to monitor inventories to ensure popular items are always in stock. Following their respective acquisitions by 7-Eleven, A-Plus and Speedway both started selling Slurpee-branded drinks prior to their conversion to 7-Eleven. Many fans of Speedway's own frozen drink, Speedy Freeze, complained on social media about the drink being replaced by Slurpee-branded products, though other frozen drink fans have said the two drinks are identical.

Worldwide consumption
More than 11.6 million drinks are consumed around the world each day. Forty percent of Slurpees are sold during June, July and August. Enough drinks are sold each year to fill 12 Olympic-sized swimming pools. Canadians purchase an average of 30 million Slurpee drinks per year. Winnipeg was crowned the Slurpee Capital of the World for the twentieth year in a row in 2019. 7-Eleven stores across Winnipeg sell an average of 188,833 Slurpee drinks per month. The rest of Canada sells an average of 179,700 per month, which makes Winnipeggers the world leader of Slurpee sales. Unlike their counterparts in America, Canadian Slurpees do not contain yucca extract which gives it the airy consistency American Slurpees are known for. 6.6 million Slurpee drinks are sold in Australia each year.

Kosher status
The Diet Pepsi flavor uses sodium caseinate as an anti-freezing agent (sugar is a natural antifreeze in other flavors) which gives it the status of kosher dairy. The Piña Colada, Twizzler Strawberry, Tropicana Grape Wild Strawberry, and Monster Black flavors are not kosher. The Chicago Rabbinical Council keeps an updated list of kosher flavors on its website.

Promotions
In 1965–66, Icee transitioned to Slurpee in 7-Eleven stores and sales. By the spring of 1967, Slurpee machines were in all 7-Eleven stores.

In 1967, Top 40 AM radio stations were losing market share to FM stations. DJs were desperate to gain audience attention. Slurpee was a kid / teen / young adult product, the main AM radio audience. The Stanford Agency created a "media blitz" to launch Slurpee and flew agency staff to all Top 40 markets with 7-Eleven stores to introduce Slurpee and the comedy commercials with funny voices and sound effects that told stories about the Strange Things That Happened To People Who Slurp. The agency backed the Slurpee launch with a very large media budget. DJs used "drops" or snippets from the "crazy" commercials in their programs to gain audience share. The campaign became an AM radio sensation.

The Stanford Agency followed the Strange Things launch with a campaign that threw away product names like lemon-lime, cola, grape, or other conventional descriptions, and instead created 26-weeks of :60 second commercials about Slurpees with Funny Names like Sticky Icky, Redeye, Moon Shine, Pink Fink, Adults Only, Kissin Cousin, and Gully Washer. These commercials were even more popular. Each flavor had a pin associated with it. There were pins made for the flavors. There was also a generic pin that simply stated "I have Slurped".

In 1968, the Official Slurp Hat was offered.

In 1970, 7-Eleven released a 45 RPM 7" single record entitled "Dance the Slurp" that was given away with Slurpee purchases. The dance side was written by Tom Merriman, one of the fathers of radio jungle production. The B-side was a comedy bit detailing "strange things" that happen to people who "slurp" at 7-Eleven. The record is considered highly collectible today. In 1999, "Dance the Slurp" was sampled by DJ Shadow and Cut Chemist for their mix album Brainfreeze.

Slurpee became the top selling 7-Eleven product and kids / teens / young adults came in regularly for the latest "flavor" with less and less promotional expense. After Funny Names, the next innovation was Slurpee Cups.

In 1972, Baseball Slurpee Cups, plastic cups with illustrations of favorite players including Johnny Bench, Pete Rose and others.

In 1973, Baseball Slurpee Cups, with illustrations of current stars and early players like Honus Wagner.

In 1973, the DC Comics Super Hero Cups, a 60 cup series.

1973 Endangered Species Cups  – Congress passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) on December 14, 1973. This triggered 7-Eleven making an advanced of $250,000 representing 1-cent from the sale of more than 2-million Endangered Species Cups to the National Wildlife Federation (NWF) who purchased Bald Eagle habitat. The transfer of land to the U.S. Government and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service took place on December 19, 1974 and came to be known as the Carl E. Mundt National Wildlife Refuge.

In 1975, there was the Marvel Series, a 60-cup series, and in 1977, the Marvel "Panoramic" Super Hero series.

In 1994, 7-Eleven sought to remake Slurpee's "brain freeze" campaign targeted to the adolescent MTV audience. The creative directors assigned the task of creating four new commercials to the Brothers Quay, and Boston-based Olive Jar Animation. Known for their bizarre aesthetic and influence in the stop-motion animations industry, the Quays based their "brain freeze" ad on a late 19th-century photograph of a female contortionist. In the commercial, a curtain reveals the contortionist balancing on two chairs, bending over backward to sip a Slurpee. She falls victim to "brain freeze" and turns into an ice cube.

Beginning in 1995, free Slurpee coupons have been made available through "Operation Chill" for US police officers to distribute to children.

In 1998, 7-Eleven launched Slurpee lip balm to the market. Other "Slurpee-flavored" products have included Slurpee gum, which had a liquid candy center.

In 2002, The World Wrestling Federation launched promotional cups featuring The Rock, Rob Van Dam, Lita with The Hardy Boyz, Stone Cold Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Undertaker and Trish Stratus. The designs were on 40-ounce Slurpee cups and 34-ounce thermal mugs.

In 2004, 7-Eleven created an edible Slurpee straw.

In 2005, 7-Eleven promoted the film Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, by making a Mountain Dew Pitch Black "Dark Side" Slurpee which came in a cup shaped like Darth Vader's helmet.

In 2007, as part of the Kwik-E-Mart promotion for the feature film The Simpsons Movie, Slurpees at 7-Elevens were renamed "Squishees" (the analog in the Simpsons universe) and sold in special collector cups.

Starting on November 4, 2008, 7-Eleven worked with Nexon to promote Slurpees to gamers that play on Nexon.net. The Slurpee cups had images printed on them from certain Nexon games, and a code printed on them that could be redeemed on a website for special in-game items.

Also for professional wrestling WWE's Summerslam 2010 7-Eleven offered collectible Slurpee cups of Rey Mysterio, John Cena, The Undertaker, Triple H, and Kelly Kelly. They also came with collectible straws with figures of each wrestler on them. The flavor used for the promotion was Barq's Root Beer. As well as for the 2011 SummerSlam, which again featured Cena, The Miz, 2009 WWE Hall of Famer "Stone Cold" Steve Austin, and The Rock. The flavor used for the promotion was Fanta's Berry Citrus Slam.

Every year on July 11th (7/11, month/day), 7-Eleven offered a free 7.11 fluid ounce (210 ml) Slurpee in the US and Canada thru 2014. From 2015 to 2019 & since 2021, the size increased to a 12-fluid ounce (355 ml) size. 7 Rewards members are given a free medium Slurpee loaded into their app in 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic causing 7-11 Day's cancellation that year.

In Australia, free Slurpees are given on July 11th (7/11, day/month) to coincide with 7-Eleven day.

In 2010, 7-Eleven teamed up with Sony to create limited edition promotion cups for the PlayStation 3 games LittleBigPlanet 2 and Killzone 3. In 2011, a Slurpee themed t-shirt was added as DLC to LittleBigPlanet 2.

Since July 7, 2011, 7-Eleven has partnered with Cinemark Theatres marking the first time Slurpees are sold outside its parent franchise. 32 theatres were chosen in Houston, Texas; Dallas, Texas; and Portland, Oregon. This marks the first reappearance of the Slurpee brand in the Houston metro area since 1990 (all 7-Elevens in the Houston area were sold to National Convenience Stores that owned Stop-n-Go; all Houston-area 7-Elevens were rebranded as Stop-n-Gos until Diamond Shamrock acquired the franchise in the late 1990s, now part of the Valero conglomerate of crude oil refineries and retail convenience stores most commonly operated under the Valero brand with generic names, though some Texas-area stores retained Corner Store branding held over from the Valero purchase of Ultramar Diamond Shamrock in 2001).

2012 had the Slurpee being sold at the Six Flags amusement parks chain in a marketing agreement to promote the product in 10 states.

In Australia on 21 September 2011, customers could bring in their own cups (or container, regardless of size) and fill it full of Slurpee for only $2.60 (a portion of the price of a Super Slurpee) as long as it would fit through a cutout hole limiting the size. This did not stop people from receiving up to and above 5 liters of Slurpee for less than the price of a Super Slurpee. This event was known as Bring Your Own Cup Day.

Since 11 April 2015, Bring Your Own Cup Day in U.S locations originally occurred once annually since 2022; semi-annually from 2016 to 2017. Slurpee fans could come in and enjoy any size cup, that fit through the cutout hole, for only $1.49 the first 2 years. This promotion occurred again on 19–20 August 2016 in honor of the Slurpee's 50th anniversary. It returned on 19–20 May 2017, but the price was $1.50 plus tax, and returned once more on 18–19 August. Late August 2022 saw its return, but is priced at $1.99 plus tax. There was no Bring Your Own Cup Day promotion in 2020-21.

On 7 November 2015, 7-Eleven stores in the USA celebrated the giving season with Name Your Own Price Day for Small Slurpee drinks. Net proceeds from all Large Slurpee purchases were donated to Feeding America to support local food banks.

Since May 2018, as a result of the 7-Eleven - Sunoco LP agreement, existing Stripes Convenience Stores (now part of the 7-Eleven business portfolio) rebranded its Slush Monkey frozen beverage to the Slurpee brand. Since the rebranding, the 40 ounce Slurpee cup usually sold at 7-Eleven locations is absent from Stripes since the cup dispensers were designed for three sizes - S, M, and L.

title: Slurpee


text:
Talk:GCSE

Who
The use of Who in citations is pedantic and unneccessary, and is detrimental to the article. It is not neccessary for us to know who are the opponents and proponents of something, it is a virtual certainty that there are proponents and opponents of everything. These citations make the article very unreadable; I suggest they be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.241.90.188 (talk) 23:50, 5 November 2007 (UTC) I agree completely, nobody except the original author is really going to know "[who]" the quotes come from, and it just ruins the article. Whoever put them in please remove them and either find out the references for yourself, or nag the original author into doing so, in the DISCUSSION page, not the main article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Matthewwilletts (talk • contribs) 16:57, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I have restored those tags. Please review WP:AWW, they are standard tags and should be added to articles that contain weasel words. Words such as "some people say" are either going to have to be replaced with specific persons, groups, or organisations, or those sentences are going to have to be removed. Ultimately I think this section needs to be re-written from scratch, but time constraints have delayed me from doing so. You are welcome to contribute by adding sources and replacing weasel words if you wish; but please do not remove tags without actually resolving the issue. Camaron1 | Chris (talk) 20:55, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I think the tag you might have been looking for was 'citation needed'. It is generally better practice and less irritating to read in an article. I have never seen 'who?!?!?!' being used as a tag before. --JackHosken (talk) 20:42, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Citation needed only relates to WP:V issues, attribution needed (the who tag has now been merged into) relates to WP:AWW, which is more specific on the issue. Camaron | Chris (talk) 20:57, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Number of Student
The number of students taking the GCSE each year should be written somewhere in the article, possibly at the top —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.232.78.202 (talk) 20:52, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Diploma in Digital Applictions
Although the DiDA course is studied during the period of GCSEs, technically, it is not a GCSE. Each level is equivalent to a certain amount of GCSEs (e.g. CiDA is equivalent to 2 GCSEs) not an actual GCSE. On the GCSE result day, the qualification is positioned in a different section (as I am studying the DiDA course I am aware of this as informed by my teacher). Should 'DiDA' be placed under a different section on the GCSE page?

New archive request
Unclear rationale. What does "archiving of the old archive" mean? Why can't the archives continue with Archive 2? Jay 💬 16:51, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

 * This archive was way too long, and it was sorted by date making it hard to use with an archiving bot (see ). So I merged all the comments from this archive back into Talk:General Certificate of Secondary Education and I'd like to delete this archive and let the bots take over from there. —Matrix(!) (a good person!)[Citation not needed at all; thank you very much] 16:55, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

Requested move 30 January 2024

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. (closed by non-admin page mover)  ❯❯❯  Raydann  (Talk)   17:21, 7 February 2024 (UTC)

General Certificate of Secondary Education → GCSE – Per MOS:ACROTITLE, GCSE is known primarily by its abbreviation. Just look at the Google Trends graph. And there's nothing in GCSE (disambiguation) that's nearly as big as this exam. Even the UK government calls it "GCSE" and not the full name most of the time. —Matrix(!) (a good person!)[Citation not needed at all; thank you very much] 16:42, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Ireland has been notified of this discussion. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 16:59, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Education has been notified of this discussion. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 16:59, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Note: WikiProject Northern Ireland has been notified of this discussion. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 16:59, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Weak support - am open to hearing an alternative perspective, but it's fairly undeniable that the acronym is immensely more common in common parlance at least.
 * Xx78900 (talk) 18:29, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Issue with one statement
« All units for a single subject must be taken in one examination series. Only the first attempt of a student is recorded for school league table purposes, but students may take a subject as many times as they like. »

This I believe is incorrect as in Northern Ireland under the CCEA you can take each unit individually and students often sit exams in multiple exam seasons (for example I have sat GCSE exams in Summer 2023, November 2023, February 2024 and Summer 2024 and they all count towards the same result.

Apologies if I am incorrect but I believe this is exclusive to CCEA and isn’t allowed by any of the other boards. Ashiwashi (talk) 15:05, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:GCSE


text:
Dxo

DXO may refer to:

 * Dextrorphan, a psychoactive drug of the morphinan chemical class which acts as an antitussive or cough suppressant and dissociative hallucinogen
 * DxO Labs, a French software company that develops image processing software and maintains a website with technical measurements of lenses and cameras

title: Dxo


text:
Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka

Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka, Op. 214, is a polka in A major by Johann Strauss II, written in 1858 after a successful tour of Russia where he performed in the summer concert season at Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg. It was first performed in a concert in Vienna on 24 November 1858.

Tritsch-Tratsch (chit-chat) refers to the Viennese passion for gossip. Strauss may also have been referencing the burlesque Der Tritschtratsch by the famous Austrian dramatist and actor Johann Nestroy, which premiered in 1833 and was still in the stage repertoire when the polka was written.

The mood of the piece is jaunty and high-spirited, as were many of Strauss' polkas.

title: Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka


text:
Ewen Cameron of Lochiel

Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel (Eòghann Dubh Mac Dhòmhnaill Dubh; February 1629 – c. February 1719) was a Scottish soldier and the 17th Chief of Clan Cameron. He fought as a Cavalier during the Civil War and was one the principal Jacobite leaders during the 1689 Rising. He is regarded as one of the most formidable Scottish clan chiefs of all time,  with Lord Macaulay praising him as the "Ulysses of the Highlands". An incident demonstrating his strength and ferocity in single combat, when he bit out the throat of an enemy, is used by Sir Walter Scott in Lady of the Lake (canto v.).

Early years
Ewen Cameron of Lochiel was born in February 1629 at Kilchurn Castle, Loch Awe, the seat of his mother's family. He was the son of John Cameron (died 1635) and Margaret Campbell, daughter of Sir Robert Campbell, 3rd Baronet. He was the grandson of Allan Cameron of Lochiel, 16th Chief (c. 1567–1647), an elderly chief respected for many affrays.

His father having predeceased him, Ewen was initially fostered by his brethren, the MacMartins of Letterfinlay, but then spent much of his youth under the "guardianship" (as a hostage to keep the Camerons in check) of the Marquess of Argyll at Inveraray, by whose instruction he was tutored. He was said to have been excessively fond of hunting, duelling and fencing—less inclined towards his books—yet still bore great intelligence and cunning.

In 1647, he succeeded his grandfather as the chief of the Camerons, being one of the most important Highland clans.

Appearance and character
Lord Lovat, who was at the court of Versailles, claimed that Lochiel bore a striking resemblance to Louis XIV, stating that "the resemblance was nearer than commonly that between two brothers; with this difference, that Sir Ewen was of a darker complexion, more brawny, and of a larger size". Lord Macaulay, although a Whig, wrote in praise of Lochiel, stating "Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel was in personal qualities unrivalled among the Celtic Princes. He was a gracious master, a trusty ally, a terrible enemy". He was described as the "Ulysses of the Highlands" by Macaulay in reference to enormous strength and size.

James Philip of Almerieclos, a standard-bearer in the 1689 rebellion, describes Lochiel's intimidating appearance and "Spanish countenance", with "flashing eyes and a moustache curled as the moon horns".

Legend of Montrose
The Camerons were always strong supporters of the Royal Stuarts. Ewen, Master of Lochiel witnessed the Battle of Inverlochy in 1645 during which his grandfather sent 300 highlanders to Montrose's aid, while he was forced to accompany Argyll. That same year, he also witnessed Philiphaugh, the disastrous Royalist defeat. It is said that he developed Royalist sympathies after a secret meeting with Sir Robert Spottiswood on the eve of his execution by the Covenanters. Furthermore, like many others, he was greatly inspired by James Graham, Marquis of Montrose.

When Allan Cameron of Lochiel died in 1647, Lochiel finally left the clutches of Argyll and returned to his homeland of Lochaber, whence he was received joyously by his clansfolk. However Macdonald of Keppoch and Macdonald of Glengarry, thinking they could manipulate the novice Cameron chief, refused to pay their annual tribute to Lochiel who, in response, marched several hundred of his clansmen and forced the rebellious Macdonalds of Lochaber into submission.

In April, 1650, Montrose was defeated at Carbisdale, betrayed, and shortly thereafter, hanged, drawn and quartered at Argyll's orders. Later that year, Lochiel received word from the exiled King Charles, requesting that he rally his men and join the Royalist army assembling at Stirling, whose defeat at Inverkeithing in 1651 led to Charles's fatal march to Worcester.

Glencairn's Rising
Lochiel was present at a meeting of Scottish nobles at Lochearn in August, 1653, in which they elected to rebel against the Protectorate and restore the exiled King Charles to the throne. As such, he joined the army of William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn in the Royalist rising of 1653 to 1654, bringing with him several hundred Cameron warriors.

At the Battle of Tullich on 10 February 1654, Lochiel was second-in-command to Glencairn and had the honour of commanding the outpost. He held the mountainous pass with his highlanders against the numerically superior forces of Robert Lilburne who was ultimately forced to retreat. He was personally commended by King Charles for his actions at Tullich, and hailed as the "deliverer of the Highland army".

Further resistance
Lochiel continued fighting with Glencairn until 1654, when the latter was arrested for duelling and replaced in command by John Middleton. Among those involved in affrays was Lochiel's future father-in-law David Barclay, an officer serving under Middleton. At the same time, George Monck became Governor of Scotland and kept the rebels hemmed in the Highlands. In a form of guerrilla warfare, Lochiel continued to resist for the next four years, becoming a paragon of Royalist resistance in the Highlands.

A famous fight between Lochiel and a roundhead occurred during this period. He had encountered a group of Monck's soldiers gathering firewood by Loch Eil, deep into Cameron territory, and a skirmish ensued. Lochiel became separated from his men and grappled with an English officer who threw him onto his back. Supposedly, Lochiel lunged at his victim's throat, biting down viciously and not letting go until he had torn out his windpipe for the 'sweetest bite ever he had.' He then proceeded to massacre a number of the garrison at Fort William and have their bodies mutilated and displayed as warning.

Previously based at Tor Castle, Lochiel built a new seat at Achnacarry in 1655 in order to keep his men further away from the government troops. It was only upon the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658 that he did submit to general Monck and was received for his chivalrous conduct during the Civil War. Soon after, Lochiel accompanied Monck to London where the General called a meeting of Parliament to discuss the new status quo. After lengthy discussion and debate it was decided that the King would be invited back from exile and that the Royal House of Stuart would be restored to the throne after a Republican Interregnum period.

Mackintosh feud
Clan Cameron and Clan Mackintosh had been involved in a bitter, 360-year feud which began over the disputed lands of Loch Arkaig iin Lochaber. On 20 September 1665, Lochiel ended this infamous feud with Clan Mackintosh after the stand-off at the Fords of Arkaig near Achnacarry. After this he was responsible for keeping the peace between his clansmen and their former enemies. However in 1668, whilst he was away at court in London, a feud broke out between Clan MacDonald and hostile elements of Clan Mackintosh, who headed the confederation of clans known as Clan Chattan. Lochiel’s clansmen contributed to the MacDonald victory against the Mackintosh’ at the Battle of Mulroy, often considered to be the last clan battle.

Last Scottish wolf
In 1680 while hunting in Killiecrankie, Perthshire (or in Lochaber according to other accounts) Lochiel was said to have killed the last wolf in Scotland.

At Achnacarry and Court
The famous exploits of Lochiel were recited by Gaelic bards at his newly-built house of Achnacarry. One such bard described Achnacarry as "the generous house of feasting, pillared hall of princes, where wine goes round freely in gleaming glasses, music resounding under its rafters."

In 1681, Lochiel was knighted by James, Duke of York (later James II and VII). According to Balhaldie, after complimenting him on the successful outcome of his feud with the Mackintosh, he asked for Lochiel's sword and attempted to draw it unsuccessfully; the Duke, after a second attempt gave it back to Lochiel and said "that his sword never used to be so uneasy to draw when the crown wanted his services". Lochiel unsheathed the sword and offered it to the Duke, who thereupon knighted him.

Jacobite period
The Glorious Revolution was a disaster for Lochiel and Clan Cameron, whose support had always been for the Stuart monarchy. In 1688, the Stuart King James VII and II was overthrown by William of Orange (In 1714, the Stuarts were then replaced by the Hanoverians). Lochiel, as a fervent Stuart loyalist, became one of the principal commanders in the Jacobite rising of 1689, having managed to rally a confederation of Highland clans loyal to that cause.

Commanding his force of highlanders, Lochiel fought with John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee (better known as "Bonnie Dundee") at the Battle of Killiecrankie – a stunning victory marred by Claverhouse’s death. The Jacobite rebellion collapsed soon after as a result of Claverhouse's death, arguments among the remaining leaders and the inept military leadership of Alexander Cannon. By this time Sir Ewen, nearly sixty years old, had started to give his son John Cameron, Master of Lochiel greater responsibilities as he was unable to participate physically in military action. John Cameron led the clan for the remainder of the 1689 rebellion, and later also for the 1715 and 1719 risings.

In 1717, John Cameron was made Lord Lochiel in the Jacobite peerage by Prince James in recognition of Cameron loyalty to the Jacobite cause.

Death
Sir Ewen died of natural causes in 1719 at the age of ninety. He was buried with great ceremony at an ancient burial ground on the shores of Loch Eil. It was reported that thousands of Highlanders and thirteen pipers gathered to his funeral.

Family
Sir Ewen married three times and had sixteen children. He married firstly Mary Macdonald, daughter of Sir Donald Macdonald, 1st Baronet, in a traditional Gaelic wedding ceremony of great splendour; she was said to have been very beautiful, but died in 1657 without issue. His second wife was Isobel Maclean, daughter of Sir Lachlan Maclean, 1st Baronet, and they had seven children before her death c. 1675. His final wife was Jean Barclay, daughter of David Barclay, who he married at Edinburgh on 2 January 1685.

Issue with Isobel Maclean: Issue with Jean Barclay:
 * John Cameron of Lochiel (1663–1747), succeeded as chief and was the father of Donald Cameron of Lochiel otherwise known as the Gentle Lochiel, who played an important role in the 1745 Jacobite rising
 * Major Donald Cameron of Clunes (died 1719), officer of the Dutch service who fought against his father at Killiecrankie
 * Allan Cameron (died 1730), a Jacobite agent and courtier, married Isobel Fraser, daughter of Lord Lovat, and died in Rome
 * Margaret Cameron, married Alexander MacGregor Drummond of Balhaldie, ephemeral chief of Clan Gregor
 * Anne Cameron, married Allan Maclean, 10th of Ardgour
 * Catherine Cameron, married William Macdonald, son of Macdonald of Sleat
 * Janet Cameron, married John Grant, 6th of Glenmoriston
 * James Cameron, died young
 * Ludovick Cameron of Torcastle (died 1753), Jacobite officer who fought alongside his nephew during the 1745 rising
 * Christian Cameron, married Allan Cameron, 3rd of Glendessary, mother of famed Jean Cameron of Glendessary
 * Jean Cameron, married Lachlan Macpherson, Chief of Clan Macpherson, and father of Cluny MacPherson
 * Isobel Cameron, married Archibald Cameron, 1st of Dungallon
 * Lucia Cameron, married Patrick Campbell, 4th of Barcaldine
 * Ket Cameron, married to John Campbell of Achalader
 * Una Cameron, married her cousin Robert Barclay of Ury (1732–1797)
 * Marjory Cameron, married Allan Roy MacDonald, 7th of Morar

In literature

 * The Lady of the Lake (canto v.), by Sir Walter Scott models the legendary fight of Lochiel and the roundhead for the fight scene between Roderick Dhu and FitzJames.
 * Tales of a Grandfather, by Sir Walter Scott reproduced the apparent senility of Lochiel, who according to Thomas Pennant, "outlived himself, becoming a second child and even rocked in a cradle", juxtaposing this state with the great warrior of his youth.
 * The Grameid, an epic poem in Latin on the Claverhouse campaign of 1689 features Lochiel, written by James Philip of Almerieclos.
 * The Jacobite Trilogy, a series of historical novels by D.K. Broster which focuses on the Cameron role in the 1745 rising.

title: Ewen Cameron of Lochiel


text:
Dual piping

Dual piping is a system of plumbing installations used to supply both potable and reclaimed water to a home or business. Under this system, two completely separate water piping systems are used to deliver water to the user. This system prevents mixing of the two water supplies, which is undesirable, since reclaimed water is usually not intended for human consumption.

In the United States, reclaimed water is distributed in lavender (light purple) pipes, to alert users that the pipes contain non-potable water. Hong Kong has used a dual piping system for toilet flushing with sea water since the 1950s.

According to the El Dorado Irrigation District in California, the average dual-piped home used approximately 0.17 acre.ft of potable water in 2006. The average single family residence with traditional piping using potable water for irrigation as well as for domestic uses used between 0.63 acre.ft, higher elevation, and 0.78 acre.ft, lower elevation.

title: Dual piping


text:
Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge

The Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in Oklahoma. It is in southern Johnston and northeastern Marshall Counties in the eastern part of the state, near the upper Washita arm of Lake Texoma.

The refuge was established in 1946 and contains 16,464 acres (66.3 km2) of protected land managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service.

Purpose
The purpose of this wildlife refuge is to protect wildlife as well as the land and plants. Hunting and fishing are allowed with the appropriate licenses.

No entrance fee is required. The refuge headquarters on site has maps, brochures, and more history and information over the refuge.

title: Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge


text:
Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide

Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide (sometimes shortened to Ned's Declassified) is an American live action sitcom on Nickelodeon that debuted on the Nickelodeon Sunday night TEENick scheduling block on September 12, 2004. The series' original pilot episode aired on September 7, 2003, and it was ordered to series by Nickelodeon in early 2004. The one-hour special movie series finale aired on June 8, 2007.

The show was produced by Apollo ProScreen GmbH & Co. Filmproduktion KG in association with Jack Mackie Pictures. Its main executive producer and creator is Scott Fellows, the head writer for The Fairly OddParents and creator of Johnny Test.

Premise
Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide follows the lives of the titular character Ned Bigby, and his two best friends Jennifer "Moze" Mosely, and Simon "Cookie" Nelson-Cook, as they navigate their middle school years. The first season takes place during the first semester of seventh grade, the second season covers the second semester of seventh grade, and the third season takes place during eighth grade. Throughout the series, Ned builds up a number of 'tips' for his "survival guide", and uses the tips to help himself and his classmates cope with the standard struggles of middle school. Each individual episode relates to a topic in the guide, such as popularity, grades, or sports, as well as developing other plots (such as Ned's love life) throughout.

Cast

 * Devon Werkheiser as Ned Bigby
 * Lindsey Shaw as Jennifer "Moze" Mosely
 * Daniel Curtis Lee as Simon "Cookie" Nelson-Cook
 * Jim J. Bullock as Mr. Monroe (main role, season 1; recurring role, seasons 2–3)
 * Daran Norris as Gordy (recurring role, season 1; main role, seasons 2–3)

Locations
The show takes place at the fictional James K. Polk Middle School, named after the 11th President of the United States, James K. Polk. The school's colors are gold and green and its mascot is the Wolves, which is a common theme throughout the school's interior.

During the first season, all of the show's action took place within the school or its grounds, and with the exception of one or two notable occasions, everything happened indoors. However, during season 2, more outdoor shots were used, and on certain occasions, the show took place off school property. The show's finale, for example, took place almost entirely off the school grounds.

DVD releases
In the US there have been four DVD releases made for the series.
 * TEENick Picks, Volume 1 released on April 18, 2006 – features "Guide to: Computer Labs and Backpacks" (Season 1, Episode 9)
 * Special Field Trip Edition released on August 28, 2007 – features "Field Trips, Permission Slips, Signs, and Weasels" and "Guide to: Dismissal and The School Play."
 * The Best of Season 1 and The Best of Season 2 both released on September 23, 2008 exclusive to Amazon.com.

The first season of Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide was released on DVD in the Netherlands, Australia, and Belgium on April 9, 2009. The Netherlands also released the second season, although both seasons were only released with Dutch dubbing. It's unknown if there will follow more places in Europe, or someplace else.

Alliance Home Entertainment has released the first two seasons on DVD in Canada only. The third and final season was supposed to be released on February 7, 2012 in Canada only, but again the production was delayed.

Ratings
The debut of Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide on September 12, 2004, received a 4.5 rating, with 914,000 tween viewers, which was described as "healthy, but not as stellar" ratings by Variety's Denise Martin.

Critical
Robert Lloyd of Los Angeles Times upon reviewing the series finale of Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide remarked that it was "one of the best series on television — a show that took genre conventions and ran them through unpredictable changes".

Proposed spin-off
In June 2008, Werkheiser signed a development contract with Nickelodeon for a spin-off that would deal with his character's adventures in high school. The show was never greenlit to production, due to the other major actors from the original series being busy with their own projects – creator and executive producer Scott Fellows was working on another Nickelodeon show, Big Time Rush; Daniel Curtis Lee was committed to Disney XD's Zeke and Luther; and Lindsey Shaw was working as the lead on ABC Family's 10 Things I Hate About You.

Podcast
In February 2023, Devon Werkheiser started a podcast called Ned's Declassified Podcast Survival Guide with Lindsey Shaw and Daniel Curtis Lee under the network PodCo.


text:
Forks of Salmon, California

Forks of Salmon is an unincorporated community of Siskiyou County in northern California, USA. The town is situated at the confluence of the north and south forks of the Salmon River, hence its name. The ZIP Code is 96031. The community is inside area code 530.

History
Forks of Salmon was originally a California Gold Rush settlement in the now defunct Klamath County, California. It has had its own post office from September 30, 1858, until today, with a short break from October 16, 1871, to August 28, 1872.

Politics
In the state legislature, Forks of Salmon is in, and.

Federally, Forks of Salmon is in.

Notable residents

 * Gabe Jennings, middle-distance runner and Summer 2000 Olympian, lived in Forks of Salmon until age 13

title: Forks of Salmon, California


text:
User:Bodq/standard.css

/* start tooltip code */

div.info { position:relative; /*required */ z-index:24; /*required */ background-color:yellow; /*use any color you like */ cursor:help /*optional, or use another cursor */ }

div.info:hover { z-index:25; /*required */ background-color:pink /*use any color you like */ }

div.info:hover div.urlexpansion { display:block; /*required */ position:absolute; /*required */ /*border and size specifications, change as you like */ top:2em; left:2em; width:15em; /* colors, change as you like */ border:1px solid #0cf; background-color:#cff; color:#000; }

/* end tooltip code */

title: User:Bodq/standard.css


text:
List of anti-revisionist groups

The following are Marxist–Leninist groups that are or historically were considered to be anti-revisionist, i.e. groups that uphold the opinion that the Soviet Union diverged from socialist practice in 1956 under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev.

Algeria

 * Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism

Ethiopia

 * Marxist–Leninist League of Tigray

Tunisia

 * Workers' Party (Tunisia)

Argentina

 * Communist Party of Argentina
 * Communist Party of Argentina (Extraordinary Congress)
 * Revolutionary Communist Party (Argentina)

Bolivia

 * Communist Party of Bolivia
 * Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist)

Brazil

 * Brazilian Communist Party
 * Communist Party of Brazil
 * Revolutionary Communist Party (Brazil)

Canada

 * Communist Party of Canada
 * Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)

Chile

 * Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action)
 * Revolutionary Communist Party (Chile)

Colombia

 * Colombian Communist Party
 * Colombian Communist Party – Maoist
 * Communist Party of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Popular Liberation Army

Costa Rica

 * People's Vanguard Party (Costa Rica)

Dominican Republic

 * Communist Labour Party
 * Communist Party of the Dominican Republic (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Dominican Workers Party
 * Dominican Workers' Party (Marxist–Leninist)

Ecuador

 * Communist Party of Ecuador
 * Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun
 * Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador
 * Democratic Popular Movement
 * Popular Unity (Ecuador)
 * Workers' Party of Ecuador

Haiti

 * New Haitian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)

Mexico

 * Communist Party of Mexico (1994)
 * Communist Party of Mexico (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Popular Socialist Party of Mexico

Panama

 * Communist Party of Panama (Marxist–Leninist)
 * People's Party of Panama

Paraguay

 * Paraguayan Communist Party
 * Paraguayan Communist Party (independent)

Peru

 * Communist Party of Peru (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Party of Peru (Shining Path)
 * Militarized Communist Party of Peru
 * Peruvian Communist Party
 * Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Proletarian Party of Peru
 * Worker Peasant Student and Popular Front

United States

 * American Party of Labor
 * Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Party USA (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Workers' Party
 * Freedom Road Socialist Organization
 * Maoist Internationalist Movement
 * Marxist–Leninist Party, USA
 * Party of Communists USA
 * Progressive Labor Party
 * Revolutionary Communist Party, USA
 * US Marxist-Leninist Organization
 * Workers Party, USA

Uruguay

 * Revolutionary Communist Party of Uruguay

Venezuela

 * Red Flag Party
 * Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela

Afghanistan

 * Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
 * Marxist–Leninist Organization of Afghanistan

Azerbaijan

 * Azerbaijan Communist Party (1993)
 * Communist Party of Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

 * Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist-Leninist)
 * Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Dutta)
 * Maoist Bolshevik Reorganisation Movement of the Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party
 * Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party
 * Socialist Party of Bangladesh
 * Workers Party of Bangladesh

Bhutan

 * Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)

China

 * Maoist Communist Party of China

India

 * Bolshevik Party of India
 * Communist Ghadar Party of India
 * Communist League of India (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Party of Bharat
 * Communist Party of India
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist)
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Central Team
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Mahadev Mukherjee)
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Second Central Committee
 * Central Reorganisation Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Party of India (Maoist)
 * Communist Party of United States of India
 * Marxist Communist Party of India (United)
 * Marxist Co-ordination Committee
 * Marxist–Leninist Committee
 * Marxist-Leninist Party of India (Red Flag)
 * Peasants and Workers Party of India
 * Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)
 * Revolutionary Communist Party of India
 * Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
 * Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
 * Revolutionary Marxist Party of India
 * Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
 * United Communist Party of India
 * Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) (D.V. Rao)
 * Workers Party of India

Iran

 * Communist Party of Iran (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)
 * Laborers' Party of Iran
 * Labour Party of Iran (Toufan)

Jordan

 * Jordanian Communist Party

Kazakhstan

 * Communist Party of Kazakhstan
 * Socialist Movement of Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

 * Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan
 * Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan

Nepal

 * Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
 * Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (2002)
 * Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) (2006)
 * Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) (2006)
 * Communist Party of Nepal (2013)
 * Communist Party of Nepal (2014)
 * Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)
 * Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)
 * Rastriya Janamorcha
 * Nepal Workers Peasants Party

Pakistan

 * Communist Mazdoor Kisan Party
 * Mazdoor Kisan Party

Philippines

 * Communist Party of the Philippines

Sri Lanka

 * Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)
 * New Democratic Marxist–Leninist Party

Syria

 * Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)

Tajikistan

 * Communist Party of Tajikistan

Turkey

 * Bolshevik Party (North Kurdistan – Turkey)
 * Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist
 * Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist – Hareketi
 * Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (New Build-Up Organization)
 * Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Turkey)
 * Maoist Communist Party (Turkey)
 * Revolutionary Communist League of Turkey
 * Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey

Turkmenistan

 * Communist Party of Turkmenistan (1998)

Uzbekistan

 * Communist Party of Uzbekistan (1994)

Albania

 * Communist Party of Albania
 * Party of Labour of Albania

Armenia

 * Armenian Communist Party
 * United Communist Party of Armenia

Austria

 * Party of Labour of Austria

Belarus

 * Communist Party of Belarus
 * Communist Party of the Workers of Belarus

Belgium

 * Communist Party of Belgium (1989)

Bulgaria

 * Bulgarian Communist Party (modern)
 * Bulgarian Workers' Party (Communist)
 * Communist Party of Bulgaria
 * Party of the Bulgarian Communists
 * Union of Communists in Bulgaria

Croatia

 * Red Action (Croatia)
 * Socialist Workers Party of Croatia

Cyprus

 * Progressive Party of Working People

Czech Republic

 * Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia
 * Communist Party of Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovakian Labor Party

Denmark

 * Communist Party (Denmark)
 * Communist Party of Denmark
 * Communist Party in Denmark
 * Workers' Communist Party (Denmark)

Estonia

 * Communist Party of Estonia (1990)

Finland

 * Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism
 * League of Communists (Finland)

France

 * Communist Revolutionary Party of France
 * Communist Revolutionary Party (France)
 * Marxist-Leninist Proletarian Union
 * Pole of Communist Revival in France
 * Workers' Communist Party of France

Germany

 * Communist Party of Germany (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Party of Germany (1990)
 * Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany

Georgia

 * Communist Party of Georgia
 * New Communist Party of Georgia
 * Unified Communist Party of Georgia

Greece

 * Communist Organization of Greece
 * Communist Party of Greece
 * Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Greece
 * Movement for the Reorganization of the Communist Party of Greece 1918-55

Hungary

 * Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1993)
 * Hungarian Workers' Party

Ireland

 * Communist Party of Ireland
 * Irish Republican Socialist Party
 * Workers' Party

Italy

 * CARC Party
 * Communist Party (Italy)
 * Italian Communist Party (2016)
 * Italian Marxist-Leninist Party
 * Unified Communist Party of Italy

Latvia

 * Socialist Party of Latvia

Lithuania

 * Socialist People's Front

Luxembourg

 * Communist Party of Luxembourg

Macedonia

 * Communist Party of Macedonia (1992)

Netherlands

 * New Communist Party of the Netherlands
 * Group of Marxist–Leninists/Red Dawn

Norway

 * Workers' Communist Party
 * Serve the People (Norway)

Malta

 * Communist Party of Malta

Moldova

 * Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
 * People's Resistance

Poland

 * Polish Communist Party (2002)

Portugal

 * Portuguese Communist Party
 * Portuguese Workers' Communist Party

Russia

 * All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (1991)
 * Communist Party of the Russian Federation
 * Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
 * Russian Maoist Party

Serbia

 * New Communist Party of Yugoslavia
 * Party of Labour (Serbia)

Spain

 * Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical)
 * Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)
 * Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain
 * Communist Party of the Workers of Spain
 * Communist Unification of Spain
 * Marxist–Leninist Front of the Peoples of Spain
 * Marxist-Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction)
 * Spanish Communist Workers' Party (1973)
 * Revolutionary Communist Party (Spain)
 * Workers' Party (Spain)

Slovakia

 * Communist Party of Slovakia
 * VZDOR

Sweden

 * Communist Party (Sweden)
 * Communist Party of Sweden (1995)

Ukraine

 * Communist Party of Ukraine
 * Union of Communists of Ukraine

United Kingdom

 * Communist Party Alliance
 * Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
 * International Leninist Workers Party
 * New Communist Party of Britain
 * Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)
 * Stalin Society

Australia

 * Communist Party of Australia (1971)
 * Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)

title: List of anti-revisionist groups


text: Category:World Heritage Sites in Poland

title: Category:World Heritage Sites in Poland


text:
Rosen aus dem Süden

"Rosen aus dem Süden" ("Roses from the South"), Op. 388, is a waltz medley composed by Johann Strauss II in 1880 with its themes drawn from the operetta Das Spitzentuch der Königin (The Queen's Lace Handkerchief). Strauss dedicated the waltz to King Umberto I of Italy.

First performance
The waltz was first performed at the regular Sunday concerts of the Strauss Orchestra conducted by Eduard Strauss on 7 November 1880 at the Musikverein in Vienna. Its themes drawn from the operetta are the act 1 "Trüffel-Couplet" and the act 2 romance "Wo die wilde Rose erblüht" ("Where the Wild Rose Blossoms"). The act 2 romance inspired the title of the waltz.

Instrumentation
The waltz is scored for an orchestra of 2 flutes (2nd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in C, 2 bassoons, 4 French horns in F, 2 trumpets in F, 3 trombones, timpani, snare drum, triangle, bass drum, cymbals, harp, and strings.

Description
The waltz ranks among the "Waltz King" 's most notable works and is still regularly performed today at the Vienna Philharmonic's New Year's Concert. The general mood of the piece is rather pensive but the final moments of the piece are utter joy and sparkling with Strauss happier tunes. Waltz section 1 is in F major and is graceful but pensive in mood. Waltz 2A is also in a more reflective mood but waltz 2B is more uplifting. The entire waltz 3 section is in G major while waltz section 4 is in E-flat major and has the climax with cymbals. A restless-sounding coda in E-flat is soon replaced with a reprise of the waltz 3A. Waltz 1A has a brief show at the end before the waltz 4B is introduced, this time in the home key of F major. A series of descending chords marks the end of the waltz, underlined with a drum roll and final flourish.

Schoenberg arrangement
Arnold Schoenberg arranged this waltz as part of a special concert for his Society for Private Musical Performances in 1921.

In popular culture
In the Star Trek episode "The Squire of Gothos", Trelane has Nyota Uhura play this waltz. The piece is also used in the Dancing with the Stars video game for the PlayStation 2 and the 1927 film Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans during the carnival sequence.

The waltz appears uncredited in the dance scene in the 2012 film The Dark Knight Rises starring Christian Bale and Michael Caine.

The waltz appears briefly during Lisle Von Rhuman's party scene in the 1992 film Death Becomes Her.

A few bars of the waltz are played by Adam Stanton on a piano in the 1949 film All the King's Men.

title: Rosen aus dem Süden


text:
User talk:Underdog~enwiki

Virtual memory
Hi, this is an encyclopaedia intended for use by all and sundry, not just computer scientists, which is why that introductory paragraph was worded in that rather vague and un-technical way.

Your second paragraph is mostly duplicative of material in the (now) third and fourth paragraphs (again, explained in a way intended for non-technical audiences). You also say "Today, however, this is not the primary reason virtual memory is used", without saying why it is used. (I tried to work it out, but couldn't. AFAIK the reasons to use virtual memory remain as they always were - to avoid burdening the programmer with the details of multi-level storage management.)

Finally, you reference Computer Architecture (which I don't currently own), so I wanted to check to make sure than none of your added text was copied from that work, which would of course violate Wikiepedia's strict copyright policy. If any of that text from the book? Thanks. Noel (talk) 19:19, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * And now that I look at it in more detail, that new first paragraph of yours is wrong anyway. See Talk:Virtual memory for more. Noel (talk) 19:26, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I hope we didn't run you off. Did my comments on Talk:Virtual memory make sense to you? I ordered the Hennesey book, but it's not here yet - I'll be interested to see what they say. Noel (talk) 20:26, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Images
Thanks for uploading Image:Virtualmem.png. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images (on my talk page) and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, BrokenSegue 02:51, 24 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Pipelining.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Pipelining.gif. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 09:18, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Vitruvius
Thank you for your edit to the Vitruvius page. Follow this link http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/1*.html press ctrl+f and copy/paste this text M. Aurelius.

If you still have an issue please take it up with the author of De architectura. If you have any spare time maybe you can browse through some older texts and find out who the author was referring to as Marcus Aurelius, Publius Minidius, and Gnaeus Cornelius. If you read the discussion page you will see that this has been a mystery to more people than just you. If you think it is a typo in the U of Chicago text then try this one http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-8.txt. Granite07 (talk) 06:07, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Underdog. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Underdog~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:28, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:05, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Nopunk.jpg

The file File:Nopunk.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "useless personal photo"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. funplussmart (talk) 17:52, 26 May 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Underdog~enwiki


text:
Florida Northern Railroad (current)

The Florida Northern Railroad Company, Inc. is one of several short line railroads run by Regional Rail, LLC. It has connections to CSX at Ocala, Florida, running north to Lowell, Florida, and south to Candler, Florida. It was formerly run by CSX as their Ocala Subdivision.

The railroad also operates lines connecting to CSX in Newberry, Florida, running south to the Crystal River Energy Complex in Red Level, Florida, just north of Crystal River. This line was formerly CSX's West Coast Subdivision and Red Level Subdivision. Long coal trains are still pulled by CSX locomotives on this branch while local traffic still uses the Pinsly Red with Yellow locomotives.

Lowell to Candler Line
The main track of the line from Lowell to Candler via Ocala was originally built by the Florida Southern Railway, which was part of the Plant System of railroads. It was built from Rochelle (south of Gainesville) to Ocala in 1881. In 1883, it was extended south to Leesburg. The track connecting the Florida Northern main track with the CSX track and the industrial spur from Ocala west was originally part of the Silver Springs, Ocala and Gulf Railroad, which was built in 1887 and historically extended west to Dunnellon and Homosassa. The Silver Springs, Ocala and Gulf Railroad also became part of the Plant System.

The Plant System became part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902. The Atlantic Coast line used this line for passenger service and in 1917, they jointly built Ocala Union Station with the Seaboard Air Line Railroad where the two railroads crossed. Ocala Union Station no longer serves passenger trains but continues to stand where the Florida Northern crosses the CSX S Line (the former Seaboard Air Line).

The Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line merged in 1967 with the merged company becoming the CSX Transportation in 1986. The former Atlantic Coast Line route was abandoned north of Lowell and south of Candler around 1982, creating the line that exists today. CSX leased the line to the Pinsly Railroad Company in 1988 who established the Florida Northern Railroad. In November 2019, Pinsly Railroad Company sold the Florida Northern, along with the Florida Central Railroad and Florida Midland Railroad, to 3i RR Holdings GP, LLC and subsidiaries (d.b.a. "Regional Rail, LLC").

As of 2016, the northernmost 5 miles from Zuber to Lowell are out of service.

Newberry to Red Level Line
The line from Newberry to Red Level was built incrementally by Henry Plant's system of railroads. Track from High Springs to Archer was built in 1893 by the Plant System as a branch of the Live Oak, Tampa and Charlotte Harbor Railroad.

At the other end, the Silver Springs, Ocala and Gulf Railroad (which originated in Ocala), built the track from a point historically known as Juliette (near Rainbow Springs) south to Dunnellon, Crystal River, and Homosassa in 1887 (though track to Homosassa only lasted until 1941). In 1893, track was built from Juliette (near Rainbow Springs) north to Morriston and from just south of Dunnellon south to Inverness. The split in the line to Inverness would become known as Gulf Junction.

One of the early organizers of the Silver Springs, Ocala and Gulf Railroad was John F. Dunn, for whom Dunnellon is named for. The Silver Springs, Ocala and Gulf Railroad would become part of the Plant System of railroads in 1901. The Plant System was acquired by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902.

The Atlantic Coast Line then extended the line from Morriston north to Archer in 1913 to connect with the line from High Springs. The completion of this line created a through route from High Springs to Dunnellon, which combined with track to Inverness south created a west coast main line for the Atlantic Coast Line.

In the 1960s, a spur was built to the Crystal River Energy Complex in Red Level.

The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad eventually evolved into CSX in 1986, with this line being known as the West Coast Subdivision. The track from Red Level Junction to Crystal River was removed by 1982 and track from Dunnellon south to Inverness and Owensboro was removed in 1987, which became the Withlacoochee State Trail.

The Florida Northern took over the remaining track of the West Coast Subdivision in 1988. The spur from Newberry to High Springs was removed in 2014.

title: Florida Northern Railroad (current)


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Alberuni

Case Closed on 10 January 2005

Please do not edit this page directly if you are not a participant in this case. Comments are very welcome on the Talk page, and will be read, in full. Evidence, no matter who can provide it, is very welcome at /Evidence. Evidence is more useful than comments.

Arbitrators will be working on a proposed decision at /Proposed decision.

The parties
Complaint against User:Alberuni by users User:Yoshiah ap, User:Mirv, User:A2Kafir, User:Mustafaa]] and User:Lance6Wins

Statement of complaint
I request Arbirtration concerning User:Alberuni. Alberuni frequently violates Wikipedia policy, especially the rule against personal attacks, which is the primary reason for this request. This effects everyone, as it makes other users more aggitated and more likely to make personal attacks as well. Other methods of dispute resolution have failed, such as an RfC at Requests_for_comment/Alberuni. Other policies Alberuni consisently breaks are Civility, Assume good faith,and 3RR.

Examples of abusive comments that in edit summaries, from November 20 and 21.:

 * 1) "roach infestation deleted"
 * 2) "Zionist lies deleted"
 * 3) "Why don't you read the illiteracy you are blindly editing into Wikipedia, then I won't have to revert mindless Zionist trolls so much"
 * 4) "Zionist garbage taken to the curb"
 * 5) "oops, the Zionists made me do it"
 * 6) "hasbara is for liars and cheats"
 * 7) "Talk pages are useless for dealing with biased extremists"

Examples of reconciliation attempts:

--Josiah 16:33, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Talk:Yasser_Arafat/Archive_2
 * 2) User_talk:Alberuni
 * 3) User_talk:Alberuni
 * 4) User_talk:Alberuni
 * 5) User_talk:Alberuni
 * 6) Talk:Yasser_Arafat

Sadly, I must second this request for arbitration. Alberuni has made quality edits and has represented a viewpoint which is scarce in the English Wikipedia, but unfortunately s/he has mixed this with unrelenting revert wars and numerous personal attacks against other contributors.

I am quite sympathetic to Alberuni's perspective and I think s/he is capable of representing it fairly, but I also think that his/her often hostile and aggressive style is counterproductive. It causes article discussions in which s/he is involved to degenerate into morasses of personal attacks, reminders to stop those personal attacks, and arguments over whose behavior is worse, thus destroying what should be the focus of talk pages: discussing how to improve the article. Since unofficial efforts have not been effective, I think that an official parole on personal attacks would help shape his or her editing into something more productive. Yoshiah ap has provided some evidence above; more follows.

 * Talk:Dore Gold:
 * Please try not to be a dull-witted troll. I have explained it to you in simple language that even you can understand.
 * There are too many of us who believe in Wikipedia:NPOV to allow you and your Zionist gang to conduct your insidious manipulative effort at inflicting systematic Zionist bias on Wikipedia.
 * All you do is insert pro-Israeli POV into every article you touch all day and night. You are the epitome of POV. You are so disingenuous, it boggles the mind that you can stand to live ith yourself.
 * Now, surely even a dense troll can see the connection.
 * Talk:Jihad
 * These encyclopedia articles need to be NPOV, not the Franklin Graham hate-speech POV version that you are pushing.
 * The most recent attempt at undocumented POV editing by the hatemonger Pename.
 * '''Talk:NGO Monitor
 * You are in denial for some inexplicable reason. Zionist bias again?
 * When the content of the article is warped by a fanatic Zionist, it is difficult to avoid recognizing the pathetic narrow-mided bias of that individual.
 * Zionist vandalism is rife, needs more reverting.
 * Talk:Propaganda
 * Your extremist Zionist POV is getting in the way of Wikipedia yet again Jayjg.

There is more, much more, but that should be enough for now. —No-One Jones (m) 21:20, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I'll add another: As you can see, s/he advocates death for those who disagree with her/him. S/he throws the word "Zionist" around as a catch-all epithet for anyone who disagrees with her/him. A2Kafir 06:15, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Talk: Munich massacre
 * These are Zionist schoolchildren. They've been raised to see the world only one way. It's like cult brainwashing. There's no use trying to communicate with them. Hence, the suicide bombers.

User:Mustafaa agrees that Alberuni needlessly incites people:

 * Look, Alberuni, I sympathise with your intentions, and I've had to fight ignorant pro-Zionist or anti-Muslim editors before. But the fact is that you simply don't engage your opponents most of the time, and add comments guaranteed to fan edit wars. I can understand you getting into edit wars with bigots like "Pename" or some others that I won't name just yet, but it is entirely possible to calmly and rationally discuss edits with people like Jayjg or Zora, even when their POV is diametrically opposed to yours or mine, and it is your own highly emotional editing methods that seem to be the main cause of those edit wars' continuation. - Mustafaa 03:22, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Copied from User Talk:Alberuni Lance6Wins 18:04, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Votes and Comments by Arbitrators regarding accepting this matter (5/0/0/0)

 * Reject, despite a request on his talk page User:Yoshiah ap has not supplied diff links to the specific edits he complains of. Fred Bauder 17:53, Nov 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Accept Fred Bauder 13:10, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Accept. James F. (talk) 21:17, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Accept --the Epopt 01:06, 27 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Accept The Cunctator 00:01, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Accept. →Raul654 19:33, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

Three-revert rule
1) Users must follow the three-revert rule; Articles may not be reverted more than three times in a 24 hours period except for simple vandalism.
 * Passed 9-0.

Courtesy
2) Users are expected to be courteous to other users. The prinicples of wikietiquette should followed.
 * Passed 9-0.

No personal attacks
3) Users are expected to avoid using personal attacks.

 * Passed 8-0.

Violations of the 3 revert rule
1) Alberuni has violated the 3 revert rule on several occasions. 19 Nov 2004 (UTC) Black September reverted five times in 24 hours: rv Zioprop rv anon vandal rv anon parade rv anon rv anon mute. Viriditas gives two other examples. When requested to follow the rule he responded rudely

 * Passed 8-0.

Discourtesy
2) Alberuni has been discourteous to other users, for example when requested that he comply with the 3 revert rule he responded with "get a life", when requested to review the no personal attacks policy, he responded with

 * Passed 8-0.

Personal attacks
3) Alberuni has made personal attacks on other users.

 * Passed 7-0.

Sock puppets
4) Just after this case was brought to arbitration, Alberuni created at least twelve sock puppets, some with names that were designed to provoke Jewish editors (NeverAgain, Wiesenthaler) or that were themselves personal attacks (Jewjg). These sock puppets were deliberately used to further the edit wars and make personal attacks.

Passed 9-0.

3RR violations
1) For numerous violations of the 3RR, Alberuni is banned for one month.

 * Passed 7-0.

Personal attacks
2) For numerous personal attacks, Alberuni is banned for a further one year.
 * Passed 7-2.

Personal attack parole
3) Alberuni is placed on standard personal attack parole indefinitely for one year after all bans that are imposed. If he makes any edits which are judged by an administrator to be personal attacks, then he shall be temp-banned for a short time of up to one week.
 * Passed 6-0.

Discussion
4) Alberuni is required to discuss all reverts on the relevant talk page, with the goal of finding mutually acceptable compromises.

 * Passed 9-0.

Good behaviour
5) If Alberuni can demonstrate good skill in discussion and behaviour relatively free of personal attacks, he may apply to the Arbcom to have the above restrictions reduced or lifted.

 * Passed 9-0.

Reversion violations
1) Should Alberuni revert an article without discussion, an administrator may block him for up to 24 hours.

 * Passed 9-0.


text:
Debonair (airline)

Debonair was a British airline headquartered at London Luton Airport offering flights to and from Spain, France, Germany and Italy. It ceased operations in October 1999 due to financial difficulties.

History
Debonair was founded in 1996 by Franco Mancassola who had previously worked for Continental Airlines, and founded Discovery Airways in Hawaii. Debonair's first flights took off on June 19, with weekday daily flights to Munich, Dusseldorf and Barcelona from London Luton Airport. From July, Debonair also added a Madrid route alongside Newcastle and Copenhagen, and later in November a direct London Luton to Rome flight.

It floated shares on the Easdaq in September 1997 and raised $41.9m. By mid-1998, the airline was on a heavy cost-cutting strategy which was beginning to slow the losses compared with the year prior. Although at the same time, Debonair sought to introduce special services for its frequent flyer programme including fast track boarding and inclusive meals onboard and on some routes its 'ABC - Affordable Business Class' product. Debonair appealed to business travellers, who made up 58 perecent of its passengers by 1998. In late 1998, Debonair entered a working relationship with Lufthansa, leasing five aircraft for their CityLine operations from Munich. Whilst the aircraft were in Lufthansa colours, the flights were operated by Debonair staff. Debonair also entered a similar agreement with Swissair who were launching their Express brand to operate a BAE 146 on their behalf from Zurich to Venice and Bologna. Debonair also maintained a codeshare agreement with AB Airlines, which resulted in the lease of a Boeing 737-300 from January 1999 remaining in service until Debonair's operations ended.

On 1 October 1999 the airline's shares were suspended, and the following day the operations of Debonair were grounded following a court ruling to appoint Deloitte as administrators. At the time of closure, the airline had just embarked on a new national advertising campaign, which was pulled from the media at the last minute. However, some advertising made it onto London Underground trains. Following the closure of Debonair, founder Mancassola was critical of British Airways subsidiary Go as a cause for the airlines demise.

Fleet
At the time of closure, the Debonair fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

title: Debonair (airline)


text: Category:Euboea

title: Category:Euboea


text:
Jean Tatlock

Jean Frances Tatlock (February 21, 1914 – January 4, 1944) was an American psychiatrist. She was a member of the Communist Party USA and was a reporter and writer for the party's publication Western Worker. She is also known for her romantic relationship with J. Robert Oppenheimer, the director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II.

The daughter of John Strong Perry Tatlock, a prominent Old English philologist and an expert on Geoffrey Chaucer, Tatlock was a graduate of Vassar College and the Stanford Medical School, where she studied to become a psychiatrist. Tatlock began seeing Oppenheimer in 1936, when she was a graduate student at Stanford and Oppenheimer was a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. As a result of their relationship and her membership of the Communist Party, she was placed under surveillance by the FBI and her phone was tapped. Tatlock experienced clinical depression, and died by suicide on January 4, 1944.

Early life
Jean Frances Tatlock was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on February 21, 1914, the second child of John Strong Perry Tatlock and Marjorie Fenton. She had an older brother named Hugh, who became a physician. Her father, who had a PhD from Harvard University, was a noted and acclaimed professor of English at the University of Michigan; an Old English philologist; an expert on Geoffrey Chaucer and English plays, poems, and Elizabethan literature; and author of approximately 60 books on those subjects, including The Complete Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (1912) and The Mind and Art of Chaucer (1950).

John Tatlock was a professor of English at Stanford from 1915 to 1925, and Harvard from 1925 to 1929, before returning to the Bay Area as a professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley. Jean Tatlock attended Cambridge Rindge and Latin School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Williams College in Berkeley. In 1930, she entered Vassar College. After graduating in 1935, Tatlock returned to Berkeley and took courses to complete the prerequisites for Stanford Medical School, and was a reporter and writer for the Western Worker, the Communist Party of America's organ on the West Coast of the United States.

She was accepted into Stanford Medical School, then located in San Francisco, where she studied to become a psychiatrist. Tatlock graduated from Stanford with the class of 1941. She completed her internship at St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, D.C., and residency at the Department of Psychiatry at Mount Zion Hospital, now a campus of the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, in San Francisco.

Romance with Oppenheimer
Tatlock struggled with her sexuality, at one point writing to a friend that "there was a period when I thought I was homosexual. I still am, in a way, forced to believe it, but really, logically, I am sure that I can't be because of my un-masculinity." She began seeing Robert Oppenheimer in 1936, when she was a graduate student and Oppenheimer was a professor of physics at Berkeley. They met through his landlady, Mary Ellen Washburn, who was a member of the Communist Party, when Washburn held a fundraiser for communist-backed Spanish Republicans.

The couple started dating and reportedly had a passionate relationship. He proposed to her twice, but she refused. Tatlock is credited with introducing Oppenheimer to radical politics during the late 1930s, and to people involved with, or sympathetic to, the Communist Party or related groups, such as Rudy Lambert and Thomas Addis. The couple continued seeing each other after Oppenheimer became involved with Kitty Harrison, whom he married on November 1, 1940. Oppenheimer and Tatlock spent the New Year together in 1941, and once met at the Mark Hopkins Hotel in San Francisco.

Oppenheimer's association with Tatlock's friends was used as evidence against him during his 1954 security hearing. In a letter to Major General Kenneth D. Nichols, General Manager, United States Atomic Energy Commission, dated March 4, 1954, Oppenheimer described their association as follows:

"In the spring of 1936, I had been introduced by friends to Jean Tatlock, the daughter of a noted professor of English at the university; and in the autumn, I began to court her, and we grew close to each other. We were at least twice close enough to marriage to think of ourselves as engaged. Between 1939 and her death in 1944 I saw her very rarely. She told me about her Communist Party memberships; they were on again, off again affairs, and never seemed to provide for her what she was seeking. I do not believe that her interests were really political. She loved this country and its people and its life. She was, as it turned out, a friend of many fellow travelers and Communists, with a number of whom I was later to become acquainted.

I should not give the impression that it was wholly because of Jean Tatlock that I made leftwing friends, or felt sympathy for causes which hitherto would have seemed so remote from me, like the Loyalist cause in Spain, and the organization of migratory workers. I have mentioned some of the other contributing causes. I liked the new sense of companionship, and at the time felt that I was coming to be part of the life of my time and country."

While some historians believe that Oppenheimer had an extramarital affair with Tatlock while he was working on the Manhattan Project, others assert that after he was picked to head the Los Alamos Laboratory, he met with Tatlock only once, in mid-June 1943. On June 14, 1943, Oppenheimer was in Berkeley to recruit David Hawkins as an administrative assistant. Oppenheimer and Tatlock went to a Mexican restaurant and spent the night together at her San Francisco apartment. All the while, U.S. Army agents, waiting in the street outside, had them under surveillance. At that meeting she told him that she still loved him and wanted to be with him. He never saw her again.

Edith Arnstein Jenkins recalled a conversation with Mason Robertson, a good friend of Tatlock's, in which he claimed Tatlock had told him she was a lesbian. It is plausible that Tatlock had a relationship with Mary Ellen Washburn. As a psychiatrist in training, she was required to undergo psychoanalysis, and therefore consulted Siegfried Bernfeld as part of her training. In the 1940s, homosexuality was seen as a pathological condition to be overcome, which may have led to her eventual suicide.

Events prior
Tatlock experienced clinical depression, and was being treated at Mount Zion. At around 1 pm on January 5, 1944, her father arrived at her apartment at 1405 Montgomery Street. When there was no response to his ringing the doorbell, he climbed in through a window. He found her dead, lying on a pile of cushions in the bathroom, with her head submerged in the partly-filled bathtub. There was an unsigned suicide note, which read:

"I am disgusted with everything... To those who loved me and helped me, all love and courage. I wanted to live and to give and I got paralyzed somehow. I tried like hell to understand and couldn't... I think I would have been a liability all my life—at least I could take away the burden of a paralyzed soul from a fighting world."

Her father found her correspondence and sifted through it, burning letters and photographs in the fireplace. At 5:10 pm he called the Halstead Funeral Home, who contacted the police. The police arrived at 5:30 pm, accompanied by the deputy coroner. At the time of her death she was under surveillance by the FBI, and her phone had been tapped, so one of the first people informed about it was FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, via a teletype link. The news of her death was reported in Bay Area newspapers.

Washburn cabled Charlotte Serber at Los Alamos. As the librarian, Serber had access to the Technical Area and informed her husband, physicist Robert Serber, who then went to inform Oppenheimer. When he reached Oppenheimer's office, he found that Oppenheimer already knew. The security chief at Los Alamos, Captain Peer de Silva, had received the news through the wiretap and Army Intelligence and had broken it to Oppenheimer. Tatlock had introduced Oppenheimer to the poetry of John Donne, and it is widely believed he named the first test of a nuclear weapon "Trinity" in reference to one of Donne's poems, as a tribute to her. In 1962, Leslie Groves wrote to Oppenheimer about the origin of the name, and elicited this reply:

"I did suggest it... Why I chose the name is not clear, but I know what thoughts were in my mind. There is a poem of John Donne, written just before his death, which I know and love. From it a quotation:

As West and East In all flatt Maps—and I am one—are one, So death doth touch the Resurrection.

In another, better known devotional poem Donne opens,
 * Batter my heart, three person'd God."

Inquest
A formal inquest in February 1944 returned a verdict of "suicide, motive unknown". In his report, the coroner found that Tatlock had eaten a full meal shortly before her death. She had taken some barbiturates, but not a fatal dose. Traces of chloral hydrate were found, a drug normally associated with a "Mickey Finn" when combined with alcohol, but there was no alcohol in her blood, despite damage to her pancreas that indicated she was a heavy drinker. As a psychiatrist working in a hospital, she had access to sedatives such as chloral hydrate. The coroner found that she had died at around 4:30 pm on January 4. The cause of death was recorded as "acute edema of the lungs with pulmonary congestion" — drowning in the bathtub. It seems likely that she knelt over the bathtub, took chloral hydrate, and plunged her head into the water.

Assassination theory
There has been speculation by journalists and historians, as well as Tatlock's brother Hugh, that her death was not a suicide, and the "curious circumstances" surrounding it have subsequently aroused suspicion. The conspiracy theory that she was murdered by intelligence agents working for the Manhattan Project was bolstered by the 1975 Church Committee, which revealed details of assassinations carried out by American intelligence agencies. One doctor quoted in Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin's biography of Oppenheimer, American Prometheus, observed that if one "were clever and wanted to kill someone", chloral hydrate would be "the way to do it." However, according to Bird and Sherwin, Tatlock's "unsigned suicide note suggests that she died by her own hand—a 'paralyzed soul'—and this is certainly what Oppenheimer always believed."

The assassination theory has been presented in the drama miniseries Manhattan, and also the 2023 film Oppenheimer. In the latter, Oppenheimer imagines Tatlock's death in multiple ways: she lowers her head gradually into the bathtub, and in another scene a gloved hand can be seen shoving her head beneath the water.

Cremation
Tatlock's father had her remains cremated.

Portrayals
She was portrayed by Kate Harper in the 1980 TV miniseries Oppenheimer. Natasha Richardson played Tatlock in 1989's Fat Man and Little Boy, while Florence Pugh took on the role for Christopher Nolan's 2023 epic biographical thriller Oppenheimer.

title: Jean Tatlock


text:
Bread pan

A bread pan, also called a loaf pan, is a kitchen utensil in the form of a container in which bread is baked. Its function is to shape bread while it is rising during baking. The most common shape of the bread pan is the loaf, or narrow rectangle, a convenient form that enables uniform slicing. The bread pan is made from a conductive material such as metal which might be treated with a non-stick coating. It can also be made of heat-resistant glass, ceramic, or a special type of paper that sticks to the dough but is easily removed, once cooked. Bread pans are found in a variety of designs and sizes providing the baker with different possibilities not only for baking bread, but also cakes and puddings.

Types of bread typically baked in bread pans include sandwich breads, brioche, challah, and raisin bread.

title: Bread pan


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/MARK PYBUS

My school soon is doing a project on Mark Pybus and the information here is useful. How will this affect your site is it is left here?