text:
Talk:Lunfardo

Examples
I think there should be examples for each origin, not just Vesre, and the examples could be a lot more nicer and shorter''. Let's say:

 * Fiaca; meaning laziness, from the Italian word fiaco (weak)
 * Gurí; meaning boy in Guarani_language
 * Gomías; (amigos) meaning friends said as in vesre.
 * Morfar; meaning to eat (origin unknown).

The examples that are now are not very representative, they just try to be funny.
 * Feel free to modify the article, that's what wikipedia is about. I've read morfar is a deformation of mangiare (mangiare -> manshar -> morfar). Don't know how accurate that is. SpiceMan 18:17, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I´m not sure that morfar came from mangiare, but manyar is a real lunfardo word, meaning to have knowledge.--Jfa 15:50, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Manyar' is to have knowledge?? I only use it as to eat. -Mariano 07:21, 2005 Jun 17 (UTC)
 * Sure: Este tema lo tengo manyado (I know very well this subject).--Jfa 15:17, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * You're right, I checked it out. Yet it's also used as To Eat. I never heard it asaide from food... -Mariano 16:22, 2005 Jun 17 (UTC)

Other Italian words: -Mariano 14:55, 2005 Jun 16 (UTC)
 * Cualunque - Of bad cuality (Italian qualunque -any)
 * Esquiafo - slap (italian schiaffo -slap)
 * Anque - Including/As well as (italian anche -also)

 * I think it´s actually cualunque, not calunque (I always say it like that, cualunque). Another example is anque (meaning not to mention, or and even), from italian anche (but, even).--Jfa 15:46, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Cualunque, of course, it was just a Typo.
 * You're right about anque (anche). It's funny, I never realized it's actually not spanish! But it doesn't means even, it means also (I think we also use it that way)

French

 * Does anyone know any notable from french? -Mariano 07:21, 2005 Jun 17 (UTC)
 * Well, partusa, from the french partouse (slang for orgy).--Jfa 15:14, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Cocó for cocaine was French slang and made its way into a famous tango (A media luz). Other tangos from the 1920s and 1930s have quite a lot of French in them, but lunfardo did not assimilate them very well. Papusa is from French as well. Look here for a list of prostitution-related French terms.

 * I found one, but I think is rather new, from the 70s or so: Boîte (box)
 * Another one is de cóte (sidewise). This one I'm sure is old tango stzle lunfardo.
 * What about Piantar anyone knows where does that come from? -Mariano 09:15, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
 * "Piantare" in standard Italian (to plant) => "Piantar" in most Southern Italian dialects. elpincha 22:43, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Leche=>Chele
I'm from Buenos Aires and I've got yet to hear "chele" meaning leche (milk). I was born in 1979, is it a word which is no longer used? SpiceMan 10:03, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Veinte años no es nada: Feca con chele. Just Google for feca and chele. --Error 04:10, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

slang
Nowadays argentine spanish slang is also called lunfardo. I haven't checked the article's history, but i'm pretty sure I've included such a notion in the article initially. Any reason why it is not longer here? I think it should be included. -SpiceMan 18:17, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * SpiceMan: Your point is not correct. Nobody ever called "tirame las agujas" or any such thing "lunfardo". And nobody ever called Córdoba's slang "lunfardo", so there goes "Argentine Spanish slang". elpincha 05:46, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * the distinction is quite unclear. I bet most argentine will say yes if asked asked whether trucho is lunfardo or not, and that term has started to be used around the early 90's... I doubt "hacer un pete" was part of the tango folklore, and it is on 2004's Oscar Conde's Diccionario etimológico del lunfardo, for instance. You could say that people ignoring the original meaning of lunfardo doesn't make argentina slang to be lunfardo, but even Clarin defined lunfardo as "all words of daily usage on Buenos Aires that are not on rae's dictionary" which is very arguable -and Buenos Aires centric-. But I do think that most people think of lunfardo in two ways: the old tango lunfardo, and as "argentine slang" (at least that's the case on Buenos Aires). So if that's not the case for all argentines, then it should be corrected and state "lunfardo is also the word porteños use to refer to argentine slang", but not erase that part of the article altogether. A nice link: . Also is noteworthy. SpiceMan 08:20, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Even if all of your points are correct, Cordoba slang and Mendoza slang and Corrientes slang are not lunfardo, so the Argentine part is incorrect in any case. "Trucho" is borderline lunfardo, but a lot of modern Buenos Aires usage is not; unwritten criteria negate lunfardo status to terms that grew out of the Plaza Francia scene (such as "tirame las agujas", "mata mil") and similar. Anyway, the classification of modern-day terms has also political overtones... Which could be incorporated into the article.

 * Also, note that ever since the 1960, under the influence of Freudian psychoanalysis and European cabaret tradition, there is a lot of middle-class free usage of "bad words", and some might say this is lunfardo in action. Allow me to be a conservative voice even on this.

 * Anyway, the lower-class voice that gave lunfardo its color is now found mostly on cumbia villera, whose language will be incorporated into this (or other) article, sooner or later...elpincha 04:35, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Using the word "Lunfardo" to designate just a segment of the dialectal popular Argentine Spanish restricted by historic period or origin, or else the whole spectrum of it is a choice. And I -- an Argentine -- chose to use it to name the whole thing, because doing otherwise would just make no sense, IMHO. And I believe that most people think alike when they think of it, and simply assume so when not thinking of it at all. The point is that if we do have a popular dialectal talk it deserves a name, then what's the point of refusing the name that it's had for more than a century in order to preserve don't-know-what supposedly scholar consideration, converting the word and its history in a museum item? The criterion of social sector procedence -- to include or exclude a word from Lunfardo -- seems feeble to me as well. Words from the ancient Lunfardo culture that no one today would exclude from it came from varied origins including upper class, cultivated and bohemian milieus, such as "bacán" or "vuaturé". What gives them their place as Lunfardo words is that they were (or are) popular dialectal voices used by a significant number of people during a significant period of time. In that sense, expressions such as "tirame las agujas" or "mata mil" would be excluded because they made no more than a short-lived fad, not for their procedence. Words or expressions such as "coparse", "copado", "pálida", "de onda", among others from similar origin, have in my opinion their legitimate place in (relatively) modern Lunfardo after about thirty years of continuous and expanding usage -- all over the country. For words no longer in use, we can talk of ancient Lunfardo, for those more recent we can talk of modern Lunfardo, for those who are still used since an ancient origin, we can talk of "classic" Lunfardo, and for the general dialectal popular language used in the present we can talk of current Lunfardo, or simply Lunfardo. Also, Lunfardo as I perceive it may very well include all regional popular dialectal talk of every Argentine province, such as Quechua origin "ishpar" (pee) or "aca" (shit) from Santiago del Estero, or Patagonian "bocha" (a lot) -- unless a particular region had (already or eventually) their own name.Mirarke 05:21, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

Quilombo
Mariano: Any particular reason why you removed the Quilombo link? It shows where the word comes from. Quilombo article not about lunfardo -the reason you typed- doesn't make much sense to me, if the Quilombo article was about lunfardo, it's text would be in the lunfardo article, or the articles should be merged and then make a redirect or something. Just as the links to Spanish language, wordplay, and heart are not about lunfardo, I don't see why Quilombo doesn't belong in here. SpiceMan 11:38, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, I removed the reference because the Quilombo article is neither about the Rioplatense Spanish word, nor about the origin of the word itself. It's just about how the word is used in Portuguese, and the Portuguese colonisation of Brazil, which is not connected to the Rioplatense word. The single line "In the Spanish of the Americas, the word has taken on the meanings of "brothel", "mess" and "boondocks"." seems both inaccurate (River Plate-area is much smaller than "The Americas") and forcefully added.
 * If you consider the origin of the Rioplatense expression to be these Brazilian type of settlement and you whish to put it the reference, please try keep the definition in one line. -Mariano 12:02, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Mariano, just edited your latest comment for clarity. elpincha 07:05, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Quilombo is one of the black-oriented words that somehow shifted to mean ´´mess´´ in Buenos Aires after the end of the Rosas era (others would be: candombe, macumba). Borges used Quilombo in the second sentence (check) of Hombre de la Esquina Rosada, which was written initially in the 1920s, so go figure. elpincha 12:22, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Feel free to fix my ignorant edit (XD). I just felt that quilombo (the word) was quite representative of lunfardo. I leave the details to you ;P. But I still feel that quilombo (the article) is quite interesting to see what was the original meaning of the word, etc.  SpiceMan 14:25, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Come on, Spicy, we're just trying to make a point. As you earylier pointed out, Brazilian Quilombo is not (necesarily) "the original meaning of the word". And it was not removed from the Lunfardo section but from the Modern Buenos Aires Slang. Please, move the word to Lunfardo and uncomment the HTML code to hide it. -Mariano 07:23, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Drugs
It sounds a bit strange to me the mention of "drugs", I call specialists to check it.

 * Cocó, blanca, talco, macoña, porro, pichicata, falopa, merca, caramelito, raviol... elpincha 05:22, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Problem is to distinguish Lunfardo from localisms. For instance, blanca, talco and porro are used almost everywhere (I mean the words, not the substances themselves, which are in fact also used almost everywhere, but that goes beyond the scope, not only of the Lunfardo article, but also of the syntactic analysis we are doing here). For the others, pincha, I wouldn't try Cocó, specially if in Brazil; it might leave you an after-taste. Good wiking, Mariano (t/c) 09:04, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Cocó is pure lunfardo, and is featured in the tango A media luz. You are right about most of the others (e.g. raviol is funny and is pure Buenos Aires, but I'd argue it's not lunfardo). As of the 2000s, the closest IMHO to a pure lunfardo word would be falopa. Y que gane Boca hoy! elpincha 13:14, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Cocó in Brazil means caca. Falopa sounds like vesre, but can't figure out form which word! Gracias por tus completamente desinteresados deseos... Mariano (t/c) 14:22, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Truly, today I don't care about Lunfardo... but I do care about BOCA!!!! Thanks Pincha! Sebastian Kessel Talk 16:12, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Now, cocó was brought into lunfardo by the French, especially French prostitutes. Cocaine was legal during the early 20th century... and don't you know the famous coach Cocó Basilé?????

 * In Spain, the slang is farlopa (even farla) with r. --84.20.17.84 12:36, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Recatate or Rescatate?
There is a relatively new slang word gaining popularity. Because of the aspirated s used in Buenos Aires, in the word rescatate (save yourself) the letter s can sometimes be lost and sound like recatate (be careful, observe modesty). The meaning is unclear too. For example, if someone is being provoked, he can be answering rescatate (save yourself [from the beating I'm gonna give you]), or recatate (be careful [because you will get hurt]). So the word itself is unclear. While recatate appears to be a more appropiate term, because of its meaning, people seem to think that they're saying rescatate. Recato (modesty, caution) is more formal, while rescate (rescue) is a more widely used. As the people who started using this word (lower class people, villeros) are mostly uneducated, "rescatate" is what they claim to pronounce.
 * I find it hard to believe. In any case, it has also little to do with Lunfardo. Lunfardo is an Argentine argot, not just any Argentine argot. Mariano (t/c) 08:41, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Hey. We Argies tend to pronounce "rescatate" as "rejcatate". Could it be the influence of Evangelical preachers? They do teach recato. elpincha 08:59, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

Lunfardo Dictionary of the XIX (Clarín newspaper)
Clarín had an interesting article today about a found lunfardo dictionary from cca. 1873, that will be edited and printed. Mariano (t/c) 12:30, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Un diccionario revela cómo era el lenguaje común de los argentinos del siglo XIX
 * Entre tilingos, sucuchos y aguaites

Junar
AFAIK, Caló junar/junelar means "to look at", not "to hear". Googling around, I find both meanings in separate pages.

Engrupir
Etimology: from spanish word "grupo" in their meaning of  lie, i.e.: "esto es un grupo"="this is a lie" + "en" (in).

--190.55.60.54 09:18, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Spain??????
Why the lunfardo in the WikiProject Spain?...

The (only) correct thing is in and.

--190.55.60.54 09:27, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
 * removed --Mariano (t/c) 17:00, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks!:)

--190.55.6.106 05:36, 20 April 2007 (UTC)

Piringundín
I wanna know the origin of this word, anybody knows it?. "pee-reen-goon-DEEN" :p hehehehe--Vokoder 05:10, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hm, tough one! But it looks like it's from Genova: Piringundín. --Mariano (t/c) 12:53, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank You --Vokoder ¡Me Voy Volandoooo! 01:41, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Gurí
XGustaX, what makes you think in the firs place that the word was taking into Spanish from Portuguese and not directly from Guaraní, given the fact that the aboriginal language is also spoken in Argentina??? Here you have a source that gives the Lunfardo term a direct Guaraní origin as most do.

I have also noticed that in the edits you have been making to Wikipedia, you tend to remove Native American connections to the Argentine culture; please, try to avoid letting your personal appreciations to bias your contributions, such as in here. --Mariano (t/c) 13:29, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

For starters Mariano, I was just copying and pasting that from the Argentine cuisine section. Secondly, It is obvious the word is aborignal origin. The thing I am found though since Northeast some people tended to mix a Portuguese especially back in colonial times this could have came out of mixture of portuguese and Spanish. I was merly trying to be less baist because if we say Hurricane comes from Spanish why cant we say Guri comes from Portuguese(if that is the case) althought both words have aborginal origins? Since the word does appear in Portuguese and I would find it hard that both languages would adopt this. After looking up further it seems like it is a word in the Portuguese language. Why doesn't it say it is of Taino origin? You want to know something else I have noticed you revert my contritubtions as well and with a certain bias against them I might add. Since all i was trying to do was to add to section by copying and pasting. XGustaX 13:45, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The fact that it appears in a Spanish/Portuguese dictionary doesn't make it come one from the other. The word is also present in the Spanish language. --Mariano (t/c) 17:11, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Yira
I was born in the Provincia de Buenos Aires and lived in the city of Buenos Aires from age 2 to age 18. At that time, yira (also spelled gira) meant primarily a "woman that runs around" ("slut", or "woman of ill repute"), not to "go for a walk". I don't believe that the meaning has changed. The term originated from the tango by Enrique Santos Discépolo, "Yira...Yira...". The "yira" part of the tango lyrics refer to the rotation of the earth, implying that the world does not care about human suffering, it just rotates and rotates. The term was later applied to prostitutes "making the rounds", referring to the fact that they could not stay on one spot lest they be caught by the police — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:44:C500:3CD:29AC:7AF4:C3AF:F16F (talk) 15:11, 24 December 2016 (UTC)

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Naso
When Italian words are directly inserted, e.g. naso, shouldn’t we just say that Italian words are used, instead of calling it Lunfardo? --ExperiencedArticleFixer (talk) 11:47, 28 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lunfardo


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User talk:Bull inB

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Hosur Narasimhaiah

H. (Hanumanthappa) Narasimhaiah (more popularly Hosur Narasimhaiah); 6 June 1920 – 31 January 2005) was an Indian physicist, educator, writer, freedom fighter and rationalist from Karnataka. Publicly known as "HN", he was the Vice-Chancellor of Bangalore University and the president of the National Education Society. He was conferred the Padma Bhushan award by the Government of India in 1984.

As there was no formal school in Hale Upparahalli, where he was born, he attended the Government School in Gauribidanur, and continued high school at the National High School, Basavanagudi in Bangalore. He walked 85 km for two days to reach the city. A meeting with Mahatma Gandhi in 1936, in which he served as an interpreter to Gandhi, inspired him to follow Gandhism the rest of his life. While in his final year of BSc at the Central College of Bangalore, he gave up his education to join Gandhi's Quit India movement in 1942. He was arrested and imprisoned for about nine months.

He finished his bachelor's degree with physics honours in 1944, and master's degree in 1946. He was immediately recruited to the faculty of physics at the National College, Bangalore, where he taught until 1957. He went for doctoral research in the United States and earned a PhD in 1960 in nuclear physics from Ohio State University. From 1961 he was Principal of the National College, Basavanagudi. He became the Vice-Chancellor of the Bangalore University in 1972, the post he held until his resignation in 1977. He went on to serve in the Karnataka Legislative Council.

A self-proclaimed rationalist, he was a renowned sceptic. While in office, he constituted and chaired the "Committee to Investigate Miracles and Other Verifiable Superstitions" that led to public challenges of the miraculous claims of Hindu godmen, including Sathya Sai Baba and Sai Krishna. As a leader of the Karnataka legislators to investigate a black-magic curse called banamathi, he disproved the existence of such claims. He was the founder of the Bangalore Science Forum. He is so far the only Indian to become elected Fellow of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal.

Life
Narasimhaiah was born in Hale Upparahalli, a village near Gauribidanur in Karnataka, India. His father was a village school teacher, and mother, a labourer. He had a younger sister. Having no formal school in his village, he attended the Government School in Gauribidanur, the nearest town. He completed his elementary education in the primary school, which had no further studies beyond eighth standard. He stopped school for a year. His school headmaster M.S. Narayana Rao, who had just been transferred to the National High School, Basavanagudi in Bangalore, invited and helped him get admission in his new school. Without money, he went on foot to Bangalore (about 85 km), taking two days to arrive, and joined the school in 1935. He stayed with his headmaster for six months, until he could get allotment in the school hostel, the Poor Boys' Home, as he called it. He met with Mahatma Gandhi when the latter visited the National High School in 1936. His teacher selected him to be the interpreter of Gandhi's Hindi speech into Kannada. From this moment on, his life was entirely influenced by Gandhi's views and lifestyle, including wearing khadi throughout his life. He went on to Central College of Bangalore studying for his B.Sc. During his final year in 1942, Gandhi launched the Quit India movement to end British rule. He gave up his degree to join the movement, the event which he described as "the most momentous decision in my life." The consequence of his decision was his imprisonment for nearly nine months, in different jails, in Yerwada Central Jail, in Mysore jail and in the Central Jail in Bangalore. Comparing his Central College hostel and the Central Jail, he remarked that he found "no difference" between the two as both provided him "free boarding and lodging." After a year he completed his bachelor's degree, B.Sc. with physics honours. He earned his MSc in physics with first class from the Central College in 1946. The same year he started his academic career as a lecturer at the National College, Bangalore.

After teaching for over ten years, in 1957, he went to Columbus, Ohio, for further degree. He received his PhD degree in nuclear physics from the Ohio State University in 1960. His thesis was The Radioactive Decay of Hafnium and Thulium Isotopes. From 1961 to 1972 he was Principal of the National College, Basavanagudi, in Bangalore.

He became the fourth Vice-Chancellor of the Bangalore University from 1972, and was reappointed in 1975. He remained in office until 1977, during this time he introduced psychology, social work, drama, music and dance as new subjects. He went on to serve the Karnataka Legislative Council. At the time of his death, he was the President of the National Education Society of Karnataka.

Narasimhiah was a connoisseur of Carnatic Music and had close association with the renowned Carnatic Musician R K Padmanabha. R K Padmanabha led a 1000 people goshti in remembrance of Dr H Narasimhiah as a mark of respect.

Narasimhaiah remained a confirmed bachelor. He quipped,

"Marriage is a gamble, a lottery: I have told many people the reason I have not got married is that I forgot! ... Now sometimes I do feel lonely. only momentarily. I miss companionship, not just in the sense of having a wife."

He was considered as champion of humanism and atheism in India. But he described himself as rationalist, and added,

"I'm not an atheist: I don't go to a temple because God is everywhere. A temple is like a jail for God. I don't believe in religious practices or commercial Gods either."

In his later years, he suffered from prolonged septicaemia and died on 31 January 2005 in an intensive care unit of Maiya Multi-speciality Hospital in Bangalore. His body was kept in the National High School for public viewing. He was cremated, as he had willed (he had reserved INR 2,000 for it), at Hossur with a state official funeral the same day evening.

Contributions
Narasimhaiah wrote a collection of essays titled Tereda Mana ('ತೆರೆದ ಮನ', Open Mind) and an autobiography named Horaatada Haadi ('ಹೋರಾಟದ ಹಾದಿ', The Path of Struggle).

In 1962, he founded the Bangalore Science Forum, which conducts a weekly series of public lectures on science topics. This non-profit organisation has conducted almost 2,000 popular science lectures by eminent scientists and over 500 popular science films. He was also responsible for establishing the Bangalore Lalithakala Parishat and B.V. Jagadeesh Science Centre.

As a Vice-Chancellor, he constituted and chaired the "Committee to Investigate Miracles and Other Verifiable Superstitions" in 1976. Members of the committee included scientists, academics and rationalists such as A.R. Vasudeva Murthy, Roddam Narasimha, Vinodha Murthy, Anupama Niranjana and A.M. Dharmalingam. The committee aimed to debunk claims of miracles and paranormal phenomena, specifically by Hindu godmen. The first challenged was Sathya Sai Baba, one of the most prominent godmen of India, who was observed to materialise holy ash and objects out of thin air, among other reported miracles such as bi-location and healing of the sick and wounded. Narasimhaiah personally wrote three letters to Sai Baba asking him to publicly demonstrate the miracles under controlled conditions. Sai Baba refused to comply, and remarked, "Science must confine its inquiry only to things belonging to the human senses, while spiritualism transcends the senses." Narasimhaiah commented this refusal as indication of fraudulence in the miracle stories. A public controversy and debate then ensued. When the committee requested to visit Sai Baba, he locked himself in. The committee was also involved in exposing a 7-year old Sai Krishna of Pandavapura (a tiny village near Mysore), a mini-Avatar and an alleged protégé of Sathya Sai Baba. This exposition compelled many godmen to admit that they did not have special abilities. The committee was dissolved in 1977, as he was forced to resign from the office of Vice Chancellor.

In 1985, Narasimhaiah challenged a godman, Shivabalayogi, who claimed that he could let down rain by praying. To test the claim, Shivabalayogi was to specifically fill up the T.G. Halli reservoir by rain to feed Bangalore. It never rained.

Although a Hindu by birth, Narasimhaiah refused to practice religious rituals. He did not perform tonsure (cutting the hair off the head) upon the death of his father. He would eat food during a solar eclipse to demonstrate that it does not cause indigestion, as Hindus believed to be so and would fast. He did inaugurate the procession at Dasara, a festival with homage to Goddess Chamundeshwari, in 2004. But he explained that it was out of respect of "tradition and culture".

His famous quote is: A poor teacher complains, an average teacher explains, a good teacher teaches, a great teacher inspires.

Awards and honours
Narasimhaiah was conferred the Padma Bhushan in 1984, the third highest civilian awards instituted by the Government of India, for his services in literature and education. He received the Tamrapatra award for his participation in the Indian Freedom Struggle. For his contribution to the popularisation of science he won the Sir M Vishweshwaraiah Award. He was also the only Indian to be elected Fellow of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP International), set up by Paul Kurtz in the USA. He received the Sahitya Akademi book prizes for his books Horaatada Haadi and Tereda Mana. In 1983, he was elected the president of Indian Rationalist Association. He was awarded the Rajyotsava Prashasti, the second highest civilian honour, and Basava Puraskara (2001) of the Karnataka state government. He also received the Karnataka Nataka Academy Fellowship in 1990, the Nadoja award (equivalent to Honorary Doctor of Letters) by Kannada University at Hampi, in 1996, and Honorary D.Lit from the Gulbarga University. In 1995, the Government of India (under the ministry led by Deve Gowda) appointed him Chairman of the Kannada Development Authority. In 1980, the Karnataka state government under Gundu Rao nominated him to the Karnataka Legislative Council, which he refused. He served as an independent legislator. He became the head of a legislature committee which investigated banamathi (a black magic involving curse) in some villages of northern Karnataka. His committee concluded that there was no such thing. He was awarded the Goruru Award in 2001. In 2003, he received the Jawaharlal Nehru National Prize for popularising science, on behalf of the Karnataka Science Forum. He was awarded by the then Prime Minister of India, Atal Behari Vajpayee. In April 2011 the executive council of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI, formerly Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal) selected Narasimhaiah for inclusion in CSI's Pantheon of Skeptics. The Pantheon of Skeptics was created by CSI to remember the legacy of deceased fellows of CSI and their contributions to the cause of scientific skepticism.

There is a school named in his honour, H. Narasimhaiah Memorial High School in Hossur, established in 1991.

title: Hosur Narasimhaiah


text:
St Albans City F.C.

St Albans City Football Club (nicknamed The Saints) is a semi-professional association football based in St Albans, Hertfordshire, England. The club currently competes in the National League South, the sixth level of the English football league system.

It was founded in 1908 and plays its home matches at Clarence Park, about 800 yards from the city centre. It competed in the Conference Premier (now the National League) during the 2006–07 season under the guidance of the then chairman and Manager Colin Lippiat, but was relegated back to the Conference South after one season and subsequently suffered a further relegation in 2010–11, before returning to the sixth tier in 2013–14 after beating Chesham United 3–1 in the play-off final.

Early history
Formed in April 1908, St Albans City FC became members both the Spartan League Eastern Division and the Herts County League Western Division. City were champions of the Spartan League Eastern Division and the Herts County League Western Division in 1909–10. St Albans joined the Athenian League in 1920 and won the Athenian League in 1920–21 and 1921–22.

City's most famous match was arguably on 22 November 1922 in a fourth round qualifying FA Cup match. Having been held by Dulwich Hamlet to a 1–1 draw at Clarence Park on 18 November, the replay drew a gate of 4,060. City's New Zealand-born goalkeeper W. Tennant did not appear, his place taken by Alf Fearn who was usually a half-back with the reserves. Dulwich put eight goals past him, the winning goal coming in near darkness at the end of extra time. What put the game in the record books was that City scored seven times, with all seven goals being scored by Wilfred Minter. His feat remains the highest tally by a player on the losing side of an FA Cup tie.

St Albans joined the Isthmian League in 1923 and won it in 1923–24, 1926–27 and 1927–28. City were runners-up in the Isthmian League in 1954–55. In 1973–74, the Saints were relegated from the Isthmian League Premier Division to Division Two along with Corinthian Casuals, being the first clubs to be relegated within the Isthmian League. Division Two was renamed Division One in 1977–78, and in 1982–83, St Albans were relegated to the new Division Two. However, City were promoted back to Division One a year later, with a second promotion to the Isthmian League Premier Division occurring in 1985–86. St Albans were semi-finalists in the 1998–99 FA Trophy, losing 4–3 over two legs to Forest Green Rovers.

21st century
In the 2003–04 Isthmian League, St Albans finished 19th in the Isthmian League, but due to a restructuring, they participated in a play-off for a position in the newly formed Conference South. They won the play-off, beating Heybridge Swifts 4–3 and Bedford Town 5–4. In the 2005–06 season, St Albans City beat Histon 2–0, in the Conference South play-off final at Broadhall Way to earn their first promotion to the Conference National. The club was unable to consolidate their position in the fifth tier and were relegated in bottom position. After relegation to the Conference South, St Albans struggled but would ultimately survive from another relegation. In Summer 2009, it was announced that Gibson's building firm, William Verry, were to go into administration with debts mounting continuously. Gibson himself released a statement in regards to the club's future, stating that it was safe.

On 4 February 2011, the F.A. fined St Albans £7,500 and deducted 10 league points. The punishment was handed down to City chairman John Gibson and then vice-chairman Alasdair McMillin during a Regulatory Hearing at the Association's offices at Wembley, and was in relation to alleged illegal payments to players, described by the FA as financial irregularities, by the club during the 2008–09 season. St Albans were relegated to the Southern League Premier Division at the end of the 2010–11 season. On 12 May 2011, it was announced that local businessmen Lawrence Levy and John Mcgowan had bought the club from previous chairman John Gibson for an undisclosed fee. Now playing in the Southern League Premier Division for the first time in their history and at their lowest level for over 20 years, the saints finished 8th. The 2013–14 season saw an indifferent start to the season, nevertheless, St Albans reached the first round of the FA Cup for the first time since 2002, eventually losing 8–1 at home to League Two Mansfield Town in front of an excess of 3,000 supporters. After setting a record of away wins in a season of 16, they finished the season in 4th place. In the play-offs, they defeated Chesham United 3–1 in the final to earn promotion to the Conference South. In their first season back in the division, they finished 13th.

They reached the first round of the FA Cup in the 2016–17 season, meeting League Two side Carlisle United but lost 5–3 at home. In the 2021–22 season, St Albans were in the hat for the first round of the FA Cup for the first time since 2016. They beat League Two leaders Forest Green Rovers in the first round but lost to Hertfordshire rivals Boreham Wood in the second. In the 2022–23 season, they finished 6th in the league on 75 points. After defeating Chelmsford City and then Dartford on penalties, St Albans would face Oxford City in the play-off final. They would lose 4–0 in the final after four first half goals. In the following season, manager David Noble joined Wealdstone in January 2024 and was later replaced by Jon Meakes. St Albans finished the season in 11th place. Following the end of the season David Noble was bought back as Head Coach with Meakes returning to his position as assistant

Sponsorship
Rock band, Enter Shikari, who are from St Albans, have been the main sponsor of St Albans City Football Club since 2020.

Coaching staff

 * Head Coach: David Noble
 * Assistant Coach: Jon Meakes
 * Director of Football: Harry Wheeler
 * Head of Recruitment: Alan Clarke
 * Lead Analyst: Lewis Allen
 * First Team Performance Analyst: Conor Verrall
 * Goalkeeper coach: Peter Russell
 * Head of medical: Dave Hall
 * Physiotherapist: Elise Walters

Records
Score lines
 * Largest win: 14–0, vs. Aylesbury United, Spartan League, 19 October 1912
 * Heaviest defeat: 11–0 vs. Wimbledon, Isthmian League, 9 November 1946
 * Most goals in one match: 8–7 vs. Dulwich Hamlet, FA Cup fourth qualifying round replay, 22 November 1922
 * Heaviest home defeat: 11–0 vs. Wimbledon, Isthmian League, 9 November 1946
 * Largest away win: 10–0, 11–1 respectively
 * vs. Ruislip Manor, Mithras Cup second round, 24 November 1970
 * vs. Tufnell Spartans, Spartan League, 17 April 1920
 * Heaviest away defeat: 10–0 vs. Hemel Hempstead Town, Herts Charity Cup, 4 November 2008

Attendance records
 * Record home attendance: 9,757 vs. Ferryhill Athletic, Amateur Cup fourth round, 27 February 1926
 * Record attendance (away): 15,850 vs. Wycombe Wanderers, Amateur Cup fourth round, 25 February 1950
 * Lowest home attendance: 41 vs. Hoddesdon Town, Herts Senior Cup second round, 1 November 1999

Honours
Source:

League
 * Conference South (level 6)
 * Runners-up: 2005–06
 * Isthmian League Premier Division
 * Champions: 1923–24, 1926–27, 1927–28
 * Runners-up: 1954–55, 1992–93
 * Isthmian League Division One
 * Champions: 1985–86

Cup
 * London Senior Cup
 * Winners: 1970–71
 * Runners-up: 1969–70
 * Herts Senior Cup
 * Winners (17): 1924–25, 1928–29, 1934–35, 1943–44, 1946–47, 1950–51, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1999–2000, 2004–05, 2019–20, 2023–24
 * Runners-up (12): 1910–11, 1941–42, 1942–43, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1957–58, 1964–65, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1989–90, 1994–95, 2018–19

title: St Albans City F.C.


text:
Bob FM

BOB FM is the on-air brand of a number of FM radio stations in the United States and formerly in Canada. The BOB FM format mostly concentrates on album rock, alternative rock and pop hits from the 1980s and 90s, especially those popular during the early days of MTV when music videos made up most of MTV's schedule. But BOB FM also features a smattering of oldies from the 1970s or earlier and classic hits from the 1990s or later.

Once or twice an hour, an unexpected song will get played, sometimes a dance hit or novelty song. BOB FM stations are quite similar to those using the moniker Jack FM. On many BOB FM and JACK FM stations, disc jockeys are not used or are only heard in morning drive time. Instead of a live DJ, a prerecorded voice will make sarcastic or ironic quips between songs.

BOB FM stations in Canada were all owned by Bell Media. Those in the United States are owned by a variety of companies. Bob FM stations are officially classified as variety hits or adult hits by radio research companies.

Origins
It was originally named for the "Best of the Best", and subsequently associated with an everyday character named "Bob." It proved very successful in its first implementation on Winnipeg, Manitoba's CFWM. It inspired Rogers Communications to license the JACK FM format at many of its stations, Corus Entertainment's subsequent Joe FM and Dave FM brands, and comparable moves at other stations. Currently a syndicated version of the format is offered by Envision Radio Networks. As with Jack FM, Bob FM stations have playlists of over 1000 songs as opposed to most other commercial stations which play about 500 songs or less.

The format was largely conceived and created by Howard Kroeger, a former programming executive at CHUM Group Radio, after attending a friend's 40th birthday party in 2000. He took the "Bob" moniker from a country music station (then WBOB, today KFXN-FM) that had broadcast in the Minneapolis-St. Paul market of Minnesota to the south several years earlier.

Slogans
Many BOB FM stations use the catch phrase "We Play Anything!" or "We Play Everything!" Most stations market themselves with the slogan "Turn your knob to BOB!" This was parodied in a Mystery Science Theater 3000 skit in which TV's Frank creates his own radio station and exhorts viewers to "Turn your crank to Frank", satirizing commercials for BOB 100 FM that were playing in the Minneapolis area at the time.

Many Bob-FM stations are imaged by Digital Sound & Video, Inc, located in Daytona Beach, Florida and voiced by Sean Caldwell.

Country Music
At least two non variety-hits Bob FM outlets exist, WRBT in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and KLCI in Minneapolis-St. Paul, both of which run a country music format. Kroeger created a similar format and brand for country stations, using Hank FM (named for Country and Western legend Hank Williams) and DUKE FM (named for actor John Wayne).

HANK FM and DUKE FM can currently be heard in over twenty U.S. markets. The majority of these HANK FM and DUKE FM branded stations use the positioning statement of "Playing the Legends of Country" and are also distributed by Envision Radio Networks.

Stations Calling Themselves "BOB FM"
CHUM Limited's CKLY in Kawartha Lakes, Ontario, adopted the format on August 21, 2005, while WLFF in Lafayette, Indiana, jettisoned its country format to introduce Bob to its listeners on December 6, 2007.

The newest Bob FM station in the United States is WCVS-FM in Springfield, Illinois, replacing its classic rock format.

The newest Bob FM station in Canada was CKX-FM in Brandon, Manitoba, replacing its mainstream rock format.

The first international (Non American or Canadian) Bob FM launched in early 2016 in George Town, Grand Cayman in The Cayman Islands. 94.9 BOB FM, Grand Cayman ZFBB-FM of Hurley's Media Ltd.

On March 18, 2021, the remaining Bob FM stations in Canada were re-branded as Bounce Radio.

Bob FM stations in the United States
The first BOB FM outside of The U.S. or Canada launched in early 2016, broadcasting from George Town, Grand Cayman in the Cayman Islands. '94.9 BOB FM Grand Cayman' - ZFBB FM ( http://www.BobFm.Ky ).

title: Bob FM


text:
BJK İnönü Stadium

İnönü Stadium (İnönü Stadyumu) was a football stadium in Istanbul, Turkey and the home ground of the football club Beşiktaş Previously, the ground had also been shared with Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe The ground was located in Dolmabahçe, close to Dolmabahçe Palace in the district of Beşiktaş, on the European side of Istanbul. The stadium was demolished except for the walls of the Eski Açık stand and its historical towers in order to build a new stadium for Beşiktaş at the same location.

The all-seater stadium had the capacity to host 32,145 spectators.

Structure
The BJK İnönü Stadyumu had four stands. The Kapalı stand which was parallel to the pitch at the north side could hold up to 5,881 supporters. It was regarded as the heart of the stadium, traditionally housing the most fanatical supporters. Facing the Kapalı was the Numaralı with a seating capacity of 5,237. The stands behind the goal areas were Eski Açık with a seating capacity of 7,962, and Yeni Açık with a seating capacity of 13,065. There were two towers on the left and right side of the Eski Açık stands that have been incorporated into the design of Vodafone Park, the current home of Beşiktaş. Before the stadium became an all-seater, the ground's capacity was over 39,000.

The Bosphorus, Dolmabahçe Palace, Dolmabahçe Clock Tower, Dolmabahçe Mosque, and Maiden's Tower were all viewable from the top rows of the Yeni Açık stand of the stadium, which made it the only stadium in the world from which a football fan could view two continents: Europe and Asia, which are separated by the Bosphorus strait.

History

BJK İnönü Stadium (originally named the Dolmabahçe Stadium) was designed by Italian architect Paolo Vietti-Violi, who collaborated with Turkish architects Şinasi Şahingiray and Fazıl Aysu for the project. The ground of Dolmabahçe Palace's stable was chosen as the location to build the stadium. The first foundation was laid on 19 May 1939, but construction work was halted due to the outbreak of the Second World War. The stadium was eventually inaugurated on 19 May 1947, by İsmet İnönü, the second President of Turkey and himself a Beşiktaş fan, and Lütfi Kırdar, the Governor of Istanbul. The initial capacity was 16,000. In the original project plan, there were two bronze statues of athlete figures at the Eski Açık stand: one throwing a discus, and the other throwing a javelin. However, the statues were never built due to financial concerns. The oil factory which was found behind the stadium was demolished to construct the Yeni Açık stand at the west part of the stadium in 1950 (hence the name Yeni Açık, meaning the New Open stand - referring to the two covered stands Numaralı and Kapalı, and the other uncovered stand, Eski Açık). Yeni Açık was eventually covered with a separate roof structure in 2004. Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe shared the stadium with Beşiktaş for many years, until the construction of the Ali Sami Yen Stadium in 1964, and the renovation of Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium in 1982.

The first football match at the Dolmabahçe Stadium took place between Beşiktaş and AIK Stockholm of Sweden, on 27 November 1947. The first goal in the stadium was scored by Süleyman Seba, the most famous and longest-presiding Chairman of the club (in the 1980s and 1990s), when he was a player at Beşiktaş. Beşiktaş lost this match 3–2. In 1952, the stadium was renamed as Mithat Paşa Stadium, and later in 1973, it was renamed as İnönü Stadium. A leasing contract was signed between Beşiktaş JK and the Ministry of Youth and Sports in February 1998 which gave all usage rights of İnönü Stadium to Beşiktaş JK for 49 years.

Renovation work took place at the stadium in 2004. The tartan track was removed within the scope of these renovations and the ground level was lowered by 4 meters to increase the capacity of the stadium to 32,145 spectators. The press seats were relocated to the Numaralı stand from the Kapalı stand. The executive suites that were found in the middle of the Kapalı stand were demolished and for the first time in Turkey, the wire fence between the stands and the pitch was removed for space. The number of gates was increased by 100%. A press center for Beşiktaş TV was built inside the stadium. Restrooms and lunch counters were also renovated. The Yeni Açık stand was covered with a metallic roof, and the stadium complied with UEFA standards.

The stadium's location is near the Bosphorus and is very close to Taksim Square. The stadium could be reached easily by many means of public transport (bus, ferry, metro, light-rail, funicular etc.) due to its central location.

There were four different parts of the stadium: Kapalı was where the most hot-blooded fans were during the matches. Yeni Açık was on the western side, facing the Bosphorus. Eski Açık was the smaller stand opposite Yeni Açık where visiting supporters were typically seated. Numaralı is where press, VIP, and protocol seats were located.

The 2012-2013 season was the last season of İnönü Stadium as Beşiktaş's home ground. The club played their 2013-14 and 2014-15 season home games mostly at the Atatürk Olympic Stadium and the Başakşehir Fatih Terim Stadium. Their new ground, Vodafone Park, was completed in April 2016.

Music

 * İnönü Stadium was used for many major music concerts. The first concert to take place at the stadium was Bryan Adams on 28 July 1992. This marked the first stadium concert in Istanbul.
 * Michael Jackson performed during his Dangerous World Tour on 23 September 1993 in front of a crowd of 48,000. He also scheduled to perform at the stadium during his Dangerous World Tour on 4 October 1992, but was cancelled due to a vocal cord ailment.
 * Madonna performed during her The Girlie Show World Tour on 7 October 1993 to an audience of 54,000 people.
 * Iron Maiden performed at the stadium on July 26, 2013 as part of their Maiden England World Tour, marking the stadium's last concert before its demolition and reconstruction.
 * Other major events in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s included performances by: Guns N' Roses, as part of the Use Your Illusion Tour; Metallica as part of the Nowhere Else to Roam and World Magnetic Tour; Bon Jovi as part of the I'll Sleep When I'm Dead Tour; Elton John as part of The One Tour; Scorpions as part of the Face The Heat Tour; Sting as part of the Ten Summoner's Tales Tour; Rod Stewart as part of the A Spanner in the Works Tour; Tina Turner as part of the Wildest Dreams Tour and Rihanna as part of the Diamonds World Tour. The stadium also hosted the heavy metal Sonisphere Festival in 2010, featuring the "big four" of thrash metal: Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax, in addition to Manowar, Rammstein and Alice in Chains.

New Inönü Stadium project
Due to the unique location of the stadium and its legal status as a "historic monument" protected by the High Council of Monuments of Turkey, the renewal project had to be modified and postponed several times and all official requests, efforts, renewal attempts were denied until 2013. The administrative procedures were eventually completed, and all required permission was given to the club. Club president Fikret Orman announced that the new stadium, with a total capacity of 41,903 spectators, 143 luxury lodges, and one "1903 stand", will be constructed. Demolition works started on 2 June 2013, following the end of the promotion play-offs of the TFF First League. Construction works were completed in April 2016, and the estimated cost of the project was around $80 million.

The project of the new stadium was designed by DB architects. The old stadium was demolished, except for the walls and two towers of the Eski Açık stand, since these structures are considered historic monuments.

title: BJK İnönü Stadium


text:
User talk:Ericthered

Thanks for the endorsement!
...in my 'quest' to become sysadmin. :-) Now, just to get it straight: might you be the one I think you are, namely an Anglo-Norwegian happily married guy whose name is really written slightly different from 'Eric' (somewhat more Norse, so to speak)? --Wernher 11:20, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (please just reply here on this page -- it's almost always better to keep a conversational thread in one place, don't you agree? --w)

title: User talk:Ericthered


text:
Charles Douglas Eastaughffe

Charles Douglas Eastaughffe was an early Australian settler, later becoming a police trooper and Chief Constable of Dalby, Queensland.

Biography
Born in Inverness, Scotland c.1804, it is unclear when he first arrived in Australia but it seems to have been about 1835, spending time in Sydney where he married in 1840. There is some evidence that he lived under an alias at this time although the reason is not known. In the early 1850s he moved to northern New South Wales, and served as a police trooper in Wellingrove, near Glen Innes. During this time he was involved in the pursuit of the bushranger Thomas Haywood, requesting the public's help through newspaper appeals to the Morton Bay Courier.

In 1854, Charles Eastaughffe moved to the Darling Downs area and brought with him the official documentation proclaiming the town of Dalby on behalf of Captain Samuel Perry, the Deputy Surveyor-General of New South Wales. He was appointed Chief Constable of Dalby that same year, and a soon after the Governor General also appointed him as the region's slaughter-house inspector.

Mr Eastaughffe held these appointments for a considerable time, and afterwards took to commercial pursuits, engaging in business as Auctioneer and Commission Agent. During Mr Eastaughffe's residence in Dalby he was for several years a member of the Municipal Council, and at various times held positions of trust under the Governments of New South Wales and Queensland. He built a wool receiving store, which he subsequently converted into a theatre, which was well known by the name of Union Hall.

In the mid-1870s, Mr Eastaughffe left Dalby and went to Toowoomba for a couple of years. Charles Eastaughffe retired to Nerang on Queensland's Gold Coast where he died on 13 February 1885.

title: Charles Douglas Eastaughffe


text:
Frank Lloyd

Frank William George Lloyd (2 February 1886 – 10 August 1960) was a Scottish-American film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and was its president from 1934 to 1935.

He is Scotland's first Academy Award winner and is unique in film history, having received three Oscar nominations in 1929 for his work on a silent film (The Divine Lady), a part-talkie (Weary River) and a full talkie (Drag). He won for The Divine Lady. He was nominated and won again in 1933 for his adaptation of Noël Coward's Cavalcade and received a further Best Director nomination in 1935 for perhaps his most successful film, Mutiny on the Bounty.

In 1957, he was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. In 1960, Lloyd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion pictures industry, at 6667 Hollywood Boulevard.

Early life and career
Lloyd was born in Cambuslang, on the outskirts of Glasgow, the youngest of seven children. His mother Jane was Scottish and his father Edmund Lloyd was Welsh, a mechanical engineer. The family travelled the country until his father was injured and gave up engineering. They settled in Shepherd's Bush, London, where the family ran a pub. Lloyd worked in a shoe shop, sang in choral groups and joined a vaudeville group.

In 1909 he emigrated to Canada where he worked on a ranch in Alberta for a year. He also erected poles and wrote for a telephone company, then joined a travelling show as an actor and singer. The show wound up in Los Angeles in 1913 and Lloyd decided to stay there and act in Hollywood films.

Paramount
He began directing shorts for Paramount and moved to longer running films: The Gentleman from Indiana (1915), Jane (1915), The Reform Candidate (1916), The Tongues of Men (1916), The Call of the Cumberlands (1916), Madame la Presidente (1916) with Anna Held, The Code of Marcia Gray (1916), David Garrick (1916 film) (1916), The Making of Maddalena (1916), An International Marriage (1916), and The Stronger Love (1916). The Intrigue (1916) was produced through Pallas Films and released through Paramount. Lloyd's biographer argued his early films "are not 'masterpieces,' but they are on a par with films from other secondary directors of the period. In other words, they are not comparable to those directed by D.W. Griffith, but are as good as those directed by Allan Dwan."

Fox
Lloyd directed Sins of Her Parent (1916) at Fox, and The World and the Woman (1916) with Jeanne Eagles for Tranhouser. Back at Fox he did The Kingdom of Love (1917), and a series of films starring William Farnum" The Price of Silence (1917), A Tale of Two Cities (1917) from the novel by Charles Dickens, American Methods (1917), When a Man Sees Red (1917), Les Misérables (1917), The Heart of a Lion (1917), True Blue (1918), Riders of the Purple Sage (1918) from the novel by Zane Grey and its sequel The Rainbow Trail (1918), For Freedom (1918), and The Man Hunter (1919). Without Farnum, Lloyd directed The Blindness of Divorce (1918).

Goldwyn
At Goldwyn he made Pitfalls of a Big City (1919),The World and Its Woman (1919), The Loves of Letty (1919), The Woman in Room 13 (1920), The Silver Horde (1920 film) (1920), Madame X (1920) with Pauline Frederick, The Great Lover (1920), A Tale of Two Worlds (1921), Roads of Destiny (1921) with Frederick, A Voice in the Dark (1921), The Invisible Power (1921), The Grim Comedian (1921), and The Man from Lost River (1921) plus The Sin Flood (1922) with Richard Dix.

First National
Lloyd directed some films for First National with Norma Talmadge: The Eternal Flame (1921), The Voice from the Minaret (1922), Within the Law (1923) and Ashes of Vengeance (1923).

Also for that studio was Oliver Twist (1922) with Lon Chaney and Jackie Coogan, and Black Oxen (1924).

He had his own company at First National, Frank Lloyd Productions. They made The Sea Hawk (1924), a swashbuckler with Milton Sills, then The Silent Watcher (1924), Her Husband's Secret (1925), Winds of Chance (1925), The Splendid Road (1926), and The Wise Guy (1926).

Paramount
At Paramount Lloyd made The Eagle of the Sea (1926), Children of Divorce (1927 film) (1927), Adoration (1928) with Billie Dove, The Divine Lady (1929) with Corinne Griffith, and Dark Streets (1929). Lloyd won the Academy Award for Best director for The Divine Lady.

There were several films starring Richard Barthemless: Weary River (1929), Drag (1929), Young Nowheres (1930), Son of the Gods (1930), and The Lash (1930). He was Oscar nominated for Best Director for Drag and Weary River.

There was also The Way of All Men (1930), a remake of Lloyds' own The Sin Flood, The Right of Way (1931), and East Lynne (1931).

For Howard Hughes, Lloyd did The Age for Love (1931). Back at Fox he made A Passport to Hell (1932) then Cavalcade (1933), which won Lloyd the Oscar for Best Director.

Lloyd then made what was his favourite film, Berkeley Square (1933), starring Leslie Howard, followed by Hoop-La (1933) the final film of Clara Bow and Servants' Entrance (1934) with Janet Gaynor.

Mutiny on the Bounty and later career
Lloyd had a huge hit with Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) at MGM which earned him another Oscar nomination for Best Director.

He followed it with Under Two Flags (1936) at Fox, a French Foreign Legion tale with Ronald Colman.

Paramount
At Paramount Lloyd made more historical films: Maid of Salem (1937) with Claudette Colbert, Wells Fargo (1937) with Joel McCrea, If I Were King (1938) with Colman and Rulers of the Sea (1938) with Douglas Fairbanks Jnr, which was a commercial disappointment.

Universal
Lloyd made The Howards of Virginia (1940) at Columbia with Cary Grant. At Universal he set up his own company. He directed This Woman Is Mine (1941), and The Lady from Cheyenne (1941), and his company produced Saboteur (1942) from Alfred Hitchcock, The Spoilers (1942) with John Wayne and Randolph Scott, and Invisible Agent (1942).

He was one of several directors on RKO's Forever and a Day (1943). Lloyd had a big hit with James Cagney's Blood on the Sun (1945). He was Oscar nominated for Best Director of a Documentary with The Last Bomb  (1945). Lloyd also served in the air force. He retired from filmmaking in 1946, intending to live on a ranch.

Final films
Lloyd's wife died in 1952 and he came out of retirement to make two films at Republic, The Shanghai Story (1954) and The Last Command (1955) a film about Jim Bowie. When he remarried in 1955 he retired again.

Personal life
Frank Lloyd was married to actress Alma Haller from 11 July 1913, until her death on 16 March 1952. By 1955, Lloyd married Virginia Kellogg, and remained married until Lloyd's death on 10 August 1960 at age 74. Lloyd was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

Reputation
Frank Lloyd does not have a significant reputation. His biographer puts this down partly to the dismissal of Lloyd's work by Andrew Sarris (who compared the director unfavorably with Cecil B. de Mille) and "because he was what is best described as a studio director. His style is as much the style of the studio as it is his own. He did not make waves; he did not overly publicize and promote himself. What he did was for the good of the studio – not for his own ego."

Selected filmography

 * Damon and Pythias (1914) (actor)
 * The Test (1914) (actor) (short)
 * The Spy (1914) (actor)
 * The Opened Shutters (1914) (actor)
 * The Black Box (1915) (actor)
 * The Gentleman from Indiana (1915)
 * Jane (1915)
 * The Reform Candidate (1915)
 * Sins of Her Parent (1916)
 * The Tongues of Men (1916)
 * The Code of Marcia Gray (1916)
 * The Intrigue (1916)
 * David Garrick (1916)
 * The Call of the Cumberlands (1916)
 * Madame la Presidente (1916)
 * The Making of Maddalena (1916)
 * An International Marriage (1916)
 * The Stronger Love (1916)
 * Sins of Her Parent (1916)
 * The World and the Woman (1916)
 * A Tale of Two Cities (1917)
 * The Kingdom of Love (1917)
 * The Heart of a Lion (1917)
 * Les Miserables (1917)
 * When a Man Sees Red (1917)
 * American Methods (1917)
 * The Price of Silence (1917)
 * The Rainbow Trail (1918)
 * For Freedom (1918)
 * Riders of the Purple Sage (1918)
 * The Blindness of Divorce (1918)
 * The Loves of Letty (1919)
 * The World and Its Woman (1919)
 * Pitfalls of a Big City (1919)
 * The Man Hunter (1919)
 * Madame X (1920)
 * The Silver Horde (1920)
 * The Woman in Room 13 (1920)
 * The Great Lover (1920)
 * The Invisible Power (1921)
 * The Grim Comedian (1921)
 * The Man from Lost River (1921)
 * Roads of Destiny (1921)
 * Oliver Twist (1922)
 * The Eternal Flame (1922)
 * The Sin Flood (1922)
 * Black Oxen (1923)
 * The Voice from the Minaret (1923)
 * Within the Law (1923)
 * Ashes of Vengeance (1923)
 * The Sea Hawk (1924)
 * The Silent Watcher (1924)
 * Her Husband's Secret (1925)
 * The Splendid Road (1925)
 * Winds of Chance (1925)
 * The Wise Guy (1926)
 * The Eagle of the Sea (1926)
 * Children of Divorce (1927)
 * Adoration (1928)
 * The Divine Lady (1929)
 * Young Nowheres (1929)
 * Weary River (1929)
 * Drag (1929)
 * Dark Streets (1929)
 * The Lash (1930)
 * The Way of All Men (1930)
 * The Age for Love (1931)
 * East Lynne (1931)
 * A Passport to Hell (1932)
 * Cavalcade (1933)
 * Berkeley Square (1933)
 * Hoop-La (1933)
 * Servants' Entrance (1934)
 * Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)
 * Under Two Flags (1936)
 * Wells Fargo (1937)
 * Maid of Salem (1937)
 * If I Were King (1938)
 * Rulers of the Sea (1939)
 * The Howards of Virginia (1940)
 * This Woman is Mine (1941)
 * The Lady from Cheyenne (1941)
 * The Spoilers (1942) (producer)
 * Forever and a Day (1943)
 * Blood on the Sun (1945)
 * The Shanghai Story (1954)
 * The Last Command (1955)

title: Frank Lloyd


text:
Hans Binder

Hans Binder (born 12 June 1948) is an Austrian former Formula One driver who raced for the Ensign, Wolf, Surtees and ATS teams.

He won the European Formula Ford Championship in 1972 and moved into Formula 2 in 1976. During this year he raced at his home Grand Prix and the Japanese GP. In 1977 he moved to the Surtees team and also raced three times for ATS. He then returned to Surtees before the end of the season. In 1978 he failed to qualify for his home Grand Prix with ATS before disappearing from the Formula One scene. He has since been in the family business Binderholz GmbH dealing in timber products.

His brother Franz was also a racing driver, and his nephew René competed in the IndyCar Series in 2018.

Complete Formula One results
(key)

title: Hans Binder


text:
Hans Heyer

Hans Heyer (born 16 March 1943) is a German retired racing driver who mainly raced touring cars. He is most commonly known for starting one Formula One World Championship race, the 1977 German Grand Prix, despite failing to qualify.

Heyer's trademark during his racing days was a Tirolerhut, a hat from Tyrol or Bavaria.

Early life
Heyer was born in Mönchengladbach, Germany to parents who ran a bitumen and a concrete mixing company. Heyer developed his passion for motor racing and engineering when he was at boarding school at Adenau, which is near the Nürburgring. He later started an apprenticeship with Daimler-Benz as a mechanic which was completed in 1962.

1960s
Living close to the Netherlands and not yet allowed to race in Germany at the age of 16, he started his career there in 1959 with karts and won the 1962 Dutch Championship in the 100cc category which he followed up by winning the 125cc class in 1963. In an attempt to race in his native Germany, he initially encountered problems with his racing license but managed to compete in the Formula K class in 1965 finishing 3rd in the next two years and backed up with the German and European Formula K titles in 1968 to 1971 driving in a Taifun/BM. Heyer also raced in France by competing in the Brignoles 24 Hour Classic in 1969 to 1971 winning twice and finished 2nd in 1970.

1970s
For many years, Heyer was associated with Zakspeed, racing their Group 2 Ford Escorts in the European Touring Car Championship (champion 1974) and the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft (champion 1975 and 1976). Heyer attempted two European F2 races in 1976, finishing sixth at the first Hockenheim race. He failed to qualify for the second Hockenheim race and made no further attempts in F2.

In his single attempt at Formula One, he entered the 1977 German Grand Prix on 31 July 1977 with the second Penske car of the new German team ATS. With little experience in single seaters and a bad car, he did not qualify. He was the third reserve driver, meaning that he would get the chance to race if three drivers dropped out. But since Frank Williams chose not to prepare his driver Patrick Nève, who was the first reserve, for the race, and since Emilio de Villota, who was the second reserve, had a last-moment engine failure before the race, Heyer had effectively became the first reserve driver. Because of the crash and commotion on the starting grid at the start of the race, Heyer chose to start the race anyway, slipping out of the pits and joining the pack. Only when his gearbox failed after 9 laps was it realised that Heyer should not have been competing, whereupon he was disqualified. He never attempted another race in Formula One. He is the only driver to be credited with a DNQ (did not qualify), DNF (did not finish), and DSQ (disqualified) in the same race, technically being banned from 5 Formula One races afterwards (which effectively became a lifetime ban because he had no intention to compete any further in Formula One).

1980s
In 1980 he won the DRM again, this time for Lancia in a Group 5 Lancia Monte Carlo Turbo, a car he also helped develop. He crashed his 480 hp car badly at the Norisring in Nuremberg, rolling several times. Heyer switched to continuations cooling when control of the water supply failed when the brake light switch failed which had not worked resulting in the left front brake caliper failing which destroyed the tyre rod and a burst affected the front left tyre. He escaped unhurt, but returned immediately to the wreck to recover his famous hat. In the following medical exam, the doctor was said to have been more nervous than Hans was.

Heyer won the 12 Hours of Sebring race in 1984 driving alongside Stefan Johansson and Mauricio de Narvaez in a Porsche 935.

During the years that the Spa 24 Hours was run as part of the European Touring Car Championship and the inaugural World Touring Car Championship (1982–1988), Heyer won the race three times in succession. He won in 1982 driving a BMW 528i with Armin Hahne and Eddy Joosen, 1983 in a BMW 635 CSi with Hahne and Thierry Tassin, and finally in 1984 driving a TWR Jaguar XJS with Tom Walkinshaw and Win Percy. Heyer retired in 1989 after 999 races in 30 years.

1990s
Between 1990 and 1991 Heyer worked at his family concrete works business but came out of retirement to test Mercedes-Benz's truck racing vehicles and competed in the Nürburgring Truck Grand Prix in 1992. Heyer returned to the same track in 1994 to compete in the Nürburgring 24 Hours alongside Heiner Weiss, Rainer Braun driving a BMW M3 and returned to compete in the same race in 1995 albeit in a BMW veterans 'Dream Team'. Heyer also competed in the Nürburgring 500 km race in 1997.

2000s
In 2004, Volkswagen director Kris Nissen found out Hans Heyer's next race would be his 1000th and invited Hans Heyer to race in the ADAC Volkswagen Polo Cup at the Norisring against youngsters.

Personal life
His son Kenneth Heyer is also a racing driver, currently involved in the Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup driving a Mercedes-AMG GT3 for MANN-FILTER HTP Motorsport.

Complete European Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results
(key) $‡$ Started illegally after failing to qualify and did not finish.

title: Hans Heyer


text:
Hans Klenk

Hans Klenk (28 October 1919, in Künzelsau – 24 March 2009, in Vellberg) was a racing driver from Germany. He participated in one World Championship Grand Prix on 3 August 1952 and did not score any championship points. Klenk won the 1952 edition of La Carrera Panamericana in a Mercedes Benz W194, along with Karl Kling.

Complete World Drivers' Championship results
(key)

title: Hans Klenk


text:
Harry Blanchard

Harry Cutler Blanchard (June 13, 1929, Burlington, Vermont – January 31, 1960, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was an American racecar driver.

His only Grand Prix appearance came at the wheel of a Porsche RSK Formula 2 car in the first US Grand Prix at Sebring in 1959. He finished seventh and last, four laps behind the winner Bruce McLaren. A few months later he died when his Porsche sportscar overturned during the 1000 km Buenos Aires race.

Complete Formula One results
(key)

title: Harry Blanchard


text: User talk:195.188.173.66

title: User talk:195.188.173.66


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nuestra Señora de Monserrate

Nuestra Señora de Monserrate was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Nuestra Señora de Monserrate
This Spanish article looks like it has been copied from an article or other source. I think it is likely to be a copyright violation. It has been on Pages needing translation for two weeks, and it is going nowhere. I propose that we delete it. Sietse 11:30, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain for now, I tried to check it, and it looks like it's portuguese. I like a Wikipedian fluent in that language(not Spanish) to check it first. If this doesn't give a result within the voting period, delete [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 11:42, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Nope, that is definitely Spanish all right. My español is getting a little rusty but I can attempt a translation if no one else is willing to do it. It does smell like a copyvio and would need to have religiously POV material removed/amended. [[User:Livajo|力伟|☺]] 12:58, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Rewrite or delete. The topic appears notable, but the text is almost certainly a copyvio with no online source. I suggest that if the article is to be kept, it is rewritten from scratch and not translated from the existing article. David Johnson 17:12, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Rewrite or delete. I'm Portuguese. The text is in Spanish. I agree the subject looks interesting enough to be kept, but it wouldn't to be massively rewritten. I'm not much of an expert on religion to try to rewrite it, so if nobody steps up I'll vote to delete. --Pc13 08:16, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's a copyright violation, and even if it weren't, it's an original source document. Original sources are for Wikisource. Maybe some of the material can be translated and salvaged, but it would be under a different title. CO GDEN  18:50, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Geoffrey McGivern

Geoffrey M. McGivern is a British actor in film, television, radio and stage, as well as a comedian. He is best known for originating the role of Ford Prefect in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.

Career
He played Ford Prefect in the radio series (1978–80) and subsequent LP releases of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams whom he knew from Cambridge University, and reprised the role for the four new series broadcast on BBC Radio 4 between 2004 and 2018. A more recent radio broadcast was in The Ape That Got Lucky and he has appeared in TV shows such as Noel's House Party, Press Gang, Chef!, Big Train, Blackadder the Third ("Dish and Dishonesty") as Ivor Biggun, Chelmsford 123, Jonathan Creek, 15 Storeys High, Armstrong and Miller, Toast of London and series three of Peep Show.

McGivern appeared in the first series of cult comedy show Big Train in 1998, and later that year for the 1998 radio SciFi drama Paradise Lost in Cyberspace (Colin Swash, BBC) McGivern teamed up with old Hitchhiker's colleague Stephen Moore and Lorelei King (member of cast in the 2005 Hitchhiker's radio show sequel). He later played the Supreme Ruler in BBC2's sci-fi comedy Hyperdrive (2006–2007). In 2007, he appeared in the BBC Radio 4 comedy Peacefully in their Sleeps and in 2008 he appeared as Professor John Mycroft in the BBC2 science sitcom Lab Rats and in the 2008 BBC series Little Dorrit where he played Mr Rugg. He also appeared in episode 5 of series 3 of the TV series A Bit of Fry and Laurie. In 2015, he guest-starred in EastEnders as Dickie Ticker, the crude comic brought in by Mick Carter for Kush Kazemi's stag night. In 2016, he appeared in four episodes of the Disney Channel musical drama The Lodge, as Patrick. McGivern played the narrator Charlie Swinburne in the BBC Radio's 2013 six part dramatisation of G. K. Chesterton's The Club of Queer Trades.

In 2017, he appeared in the Channel 4 sitcom Back, written by Simon Blackwell, alongside David Mitchell and Robert Webb. Later that year, he began portraying the recurring role of Frank in the Netflix series Free Rein.

Since 2019, he has appeared as occasional character Barclay Beg-Chetwynde in the BBC comedy Ghosts. In 2022, he appeared as the main character Russ, in Radio 4 comedy No-Platformed. The show's episode guide contains a humorous note about McGivern's extensive credit list, by starting a list of his credits and then adding "oh, hundreds of things".

In 2024, he appeared as recurring character Lord Rookwood in the Apple TV+ series The Completely Made-Up Adventures of Dick Turpin.

title: Geoffrey McGivern


text:
Heini Walter

Henrich "Heini" Walter (28 July 1927 – 12 May 2009) was a Swiss racing driver. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 5 August 1962. He finished 14th, scoring no World Championship points. He also participated in non-Championship Formula One races.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Heini Walter


text:
Heinz Schiller

Heinz Schiller (Frauenfeld, Switzerland, January 25, 1930 – Montana, Switzerland, March 26, 2007), was a racing driver from Switzerland. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on August 5, 1962. He retired from the race, scoring no championship points.

Schiller was a speedboat champion in his native Switzerland before turning to sports car racing, finding success during the mid-1950s. He then switched to single seater cars, starting in hillclimbing before moving up to circuit racing.

He first appeared in Formula One at the beginning of 1962 with Ecurie Nationale Suisse, driving their three-year-old Porsche in the Brussels Grand Prix, where he finished 8th on aggregate after the three heats. He subsequently drove the same car at the 1962 Pau Grand Prix, coming home 9th.

Under the Ecurie Filipinetti banner but still driving the same Porsche, Schiller failed to qualify at the Naples Grand Prix, largely because only 10 cars were permitted to take the start. He was entered by Ecurie Maarsbergen for the 1962 Belgian Grand Prix but was withdrawn, before finishing 7th in the Grosser Preis der Solitude for Ecurie Filipinetti. He then switched to a Lotus 24 for his single World Championship event, the 1962 German Grand Prix which ended with oil pressure problems, as did his attempt at the Mediterranean Grand Prix, now back in the Porsche.

Schiller made one appearance in Formula One in 1963, finishing 3rd at Pau but five laps down, again in the old Porsche, before returning to sports cars. He finished 10th at the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans with Gerhard Koch.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
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Non-Championship
(key) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Heinz Schiller


text:
Helmut Marko

Helmut Marko (born 27 April 1943) is an Austrian former professional racing driver and a current director of the Red Bull Formula One teams, and head of Red Bull's driver development programme.

Biography
Marko was born in Graz, Austria (then part of Nazi Germany). He was a school friend of Jochen Rindt, who became Formula One world champion in 1970. Marko competed in several race series, including 10 Formula One Grands Prix in 1971 and 1972, but scored no World Championship points. He had more success in endurance racing, winning the 1971 24 Hours of Le Mans, driving a Martini-Porsche 917K with Gijs van Lennep. During that year, they set a distance record which remained unbeaten until the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans (5,335.313 km, at an average of 222.304 km/h - changes to the track reduced the average speed.) At the Targa Florio, he drove the fastest laps around the 72 km Sicilian mountain circuit in the 1972 race, catching up over two minutes on the leader within two laps to finish second by a mere 17 seconds. His fastest lap in the Alfa Romeo 33 was 33 min 41 sec, at an average of 128.253 km/h.

A few weeks later, during the 1972 French Grand Prix at Clermont-Ferrand, a stone thrown up by Ronnie Peterson's March pierced Marko's helmet visor, permanently blinding his left eye and ending his racing career. Marko completed a doctorate in law in 1967. He owns four hotels in Graz – the Schlossberghotel, Augartenhotel, Lendhotel and Kai 36. He was manager for Austrian racing drivers Gerhard Berger and Karl Wendlinger for some years before setting up and running RSM Marko in 1989, a race team competing in Formula 3 and Formula 3000; running under the name Red Bull Junior Team from 1999 onwards. From 1999 he has also overseen the Red Bull driver development programme, which has steered drivers such as Sebastian Vettel, Daniel Ricciardo, Carlos Sainz Jr., Pierre Gasly and Max Verstappen into Formula One. Since 2005 he has been an advisor to the Formula One teams owned by Red Bull GmbH (Red Bull Racing (2005-present), Scuderia Toro Rosso (2006-2019), Scuderia AlphaTauri (2020-2023) and RB Formula One Team (2024)).

Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
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Complete European Formula Two Championship results
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title: Helmut Marko


text:
Helmut Niedermayr

Helmut Niedermayr (29 November 1915 in Munich – 3 April 1985 in Christiansted, US Virgin Islands) was a racing driver from Germany. He participated in one World Championship Grand Prix, on 3 August 1952, scoring no championship points.

Niedermayr finished second with Theo Helfrich at the 1952 24 Hours of Le Mans, but a few weeks later he crashed into the crowd during a race at the Grenzlandring, killing at least 13 spectators and injuring 42.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Helmut Niedermayr


text:
Henri Louveau

Henri Louveau (January 25, 1910 – January 7, 1991) was a racing driver from France. He participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on September 3, 1950. He scored no championship points.

Louveau came 2nd in the 1949 24 Hours of Le Mans.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Henri Louveau


text:
Talk:Character theory

character tables
I notice that the final reference is no longer a valid link. In fact I have some character tables on my own website, if anyone feels they want to replace the link (it's obviously not for me to do). The link to my pages is
 * http://www.maths.manchester.ac.uk/~jm/Representations

It's under development, but there's enough there for it to be useful. (There might be other articles for which this would be a useful link.) James Montaldi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.88.0.119 (talk) 20:47, 16 November 2008 (UTC)

What about non finite groups?
Characters on locally compact abelian groups are very important, and ignored entirely. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.28.19.223 (talk) 01:21, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

Character
It is confusing that there is a seperate article about character. Madyno (talk) 10:23, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Character theory


text:
Herbert MacKay-Fraser

Herbert MacKay-Fraser (June 23, 1922 – July 14, 1957) was a racing driver from the United States, born in Recife Pernambuco, Brazil. He participated in one Formula One World Championship grand prix, the 1957 French Grand Prix, on July 7, 1957. He retired from the race and scored no championship points. A week later he was killed in the Coupe de Vitesse at Reims-Gueux, when he crashed his Lotus.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Herbert MacKay-Fraser


text:
Hideki Noda

Hideki Noda (野田 英樹) is a Japanese professional racing driver. He participated in three Formula One Grands Prix, debuting in the 1994 European Grand Prix, but did not score any championship points. He replaced Yannick Dalmas in the Larrousse car for the last three Grands Prix of the season, but failed to finish in any of the three races. In 1995, he joined Simtek as a test driver, hoping to get some races in. However, the Kobe earthquake and the folding of the Simtek team ended his brief Formula 1 career.

A year later, Noda went to America and raced in the Indy Lights and became the only Japanese driver to win a CART-sanctioned event. After a few years in America, Noda moved back to Japan, where he drove a Team Cerumo Toyota Supra with Hironori Takeuchi. In the annual non-championship All-Star event at Aida, Noda and Takeuchi were forced out with mechanical problems. In 1999, he joined the Esso Tiger Team Le Mans under Koichiro Mori, again to drive a Toyota Supra, ex-Australian V8 Supercar driver Wayne Gardner. The highlight of their season was a win at Fuji. With 33 points, they were equal 17th in the series.

In 2002, Noda returned to the United States and drove in six Indy Racing League IndyCar Series races for Convergent Racing and Indy Regency Racing with a best finish of 10th at Phoenix International Raceway while with Convergent. He also competed in a round of the inaugural A1 Grand Prix season with Japan at Lausitz, where he scored three points for the Japanese team. He has also been seen in the Zytek sports-prototype in 2006.

Formula One (1994-1995)
Noda replaced french driver Yannick Dalmas at Larrousse towards the end of the 1994 season at the European Grand Prix in Jerez. After qualifying 24th behind his teammate Érik Comas, he retired due to gearbox failure. At his home race in Japan, Noda was 23rd on the grid but retired again due, this time due to an electrical fault. His last Grand Prix saw him 23rd on the grid at Adelaide, this time out qualifying his new teammate Jean-Denis Délétraz. Noda again retired, this time due to an oil leak.

In 1995, Noda was due to drive for Simtek in Canada but the team withdrew from F1 before he could. In his last attempt to drive in F1, he was denied his super license, preventing him from driving for Forti at the TI Circuit for the Pacific Grand Prix.

A1 Grand Prix (2005–2009)
In 2005, Noda was announced as the second driver for the Japan entry for the 2005-06 A1 Grand Prix season, second to Ryo Fukuda. His first race for the team came at the second round at Lausitz, where he qualified in 21st place. In sprint race, Noda managed to move up 11 places to finish 10th and score one point for Japan. The feature race saw Noda finish one place higher in ninth place, scoring a further two points for the Japanese A1 GP team. Japan finished 21st at the end of the season, with eight points.

Personal life
Noda's daughter Juju is also a racing driver, who competed in the W Series.

Complete Japanese Formula 3 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

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Complete International Formula 3000 results
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American open-wheel racing results
(key) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete JGTC/Super GT results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Hideki Noda


text:
Hubert Hahne

Hubert Hahne (28 March 1935 – 24 April 2019) was a racing driver from Germany. He was the older brother of Armin Hahne, as well as the uncle of Jörg van Ommen.

Career
He participated in five Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, two of those at the wheel of Formula Two cars, and one non-Championship Formula One race.

Hahne was successful in touring car racing, including the European Touring Car Championship. In 1966, he raced a BMW New Class 2000TI. In the six-hour "Großer Preis der Tourenwagen" on 3 July 1966, an Alfa Romeo GTA had lowered the Nürburgring touring car race lap record to 10:08.9. A month later, in a support race for the 1966 German Grand Prix, Hahne was the first to lap the Nürburgring in under 10 minutes in a touring car, in 9:58.5.

On the old and very long Nürburgring, Formula Two cars occasionally had their own race alongside the Formula One cars in the same events to fill the field, which provided other drivers like Kurt Ahrens Jr., Gerhard Mitter and Dieter Quester the opportunity to enter the German Grand Prix. As the Formula Two section was counted separately, the drivers could not score World Championship points. Hahne participated in the 1966 and 1969 German Grands Prix in the special Formula Two sections of those events, but withdrew before the start of the 1969 event due to the fatal accident suffered by his team-mate Gerhard Mitter.

For his true Formula One debut at the 1967 German Grand Prix, Hahne drove a Formula Two Lola chassis fitted with a 2-litre 16 valve BMW engine, thus qualifying the drive for Formula One. The BMW factory were allowed to run this to give some national encouragement. He retired on lap 7 with suspension failure. The following year he finished 10th in the same car.

Hahne got himself a March 701 for 1970, but could not qualify for the 1970 German Grand Prix which was held at the Hockenheimring that year. Hahne claimed that chassis and engine were among the worst of the many March and Cosworth delivered that year. Ronnie Peterson showed later at Silverstone that this very car could reach adequate times, and Hahne retired from racing.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
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Complete European Formula Two Championship results
(key)

Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

title: Hubert Hahne


text:
Ian Ashley

Ian Hugh Gordon Ashley (born 26 October 1947) is a British-German racing driver who raced in Formula One for the Token, Williams, BRM and Hesketh teams.

Driving career
Ashley began racing in 1966 when he took a course at the Jim Russell Racing School. He was fast but rather erratic, and soon earned the nickname "Crashley". He reached Formula 5000 in 1972 and was a front-runner in 1973. He made his debut in Formula One in 1974, and briefly drove for the Williams team the following year. His luck got worse over the mid-1970s in Formula One. He was to become a victim of two nasty accidents on circuits that were no longer used by Formula One soon after his two accidents. During 1975, at the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring where during practice, he crashed severely at the tricky Pflanzgarten section and broke both his ankles, and during practice for the Canadian Grand Prix at Mosport Park in 1977, he went over a bump, flipped his Hesketh, vaulted the barrier and crashed into a television tower. He never raced in Formula One again.

In 1985 he made his CART Championship Car debut at the Miami Grand Prix. He was entered in the 1986 Indianapolis 500 but the car did not appear on track. However, he did make three CART starts in 1986 and finished ninth at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course, enough for 28th in the championship. He failed to finish in his other two 1986 starts. He also made a single Indy Lights start at Pocono Raceway and finished sixth. He made one more CART appearance in 1987, again in Miami but was knocked out by drivetrain trouble.

After Formula One he built a career as a pilot for executive jets in the United States. However, in 1993 he made a return to racing, driving a Vauxhall in the British Touring Car Championship. Following this he briefly raced motorcycle sidecar combinations, before a stint in the TVR Tuscan Challenge one-make series.

In November 2009, he competed in Formula Ford for the first time in over 40 years driving an Elden MK8 in the Walter Hayes Trophy at Silverstone.

Complete Formula One results
(key)

Indy Car World Series
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title: Ian Ashley


text:
Ian Burgess

Ian John Burgess (6 July 1930 – 19 May 2012) was a British racing driver, born in London. He participated in 20 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 19 July 1958, and numerous non-Championship Formula One races. He scored no championship points.

Racing career
Burgess began racing in 1950 with a Cooper Formula Three car and had a successful 1951 season including a win at the Nürburgring before moving up to sports cars and Formula Two, where he was less successful.

Burgess began working for Cooper, both in their factory and at their drivers' school based at Brands Hatch and raced one of the works Formula Two cars in 1957, when he achieved fourth place in the Oulton Park Gold Cup. This led to a drive with Tommy Atkins' team in 1958, with a similar machine. He won at Crystal Palace and Snetterton and gained fourth places at Reims and Montlhéry. However, a broken leg at AVUS ended his season but not before he made his Formula One debut for Cooper at the British Grand Prix.

Burgess returned in 1959 driving Scuderia Centro Sud's Cooper T51-Maserati with a best finish of sixth in the German Grand Prix. He continued with the team in 1960 with little success.

For 1961 he joined the American Camoradi International team, competing in five Grands Prix (three starts) with a best finish of 12th in the German Grand Prix. He moved to the Anglo American Equipe team in 1962 competing in three Grands Prix, finishing no higher than 11th. 1963 was his last year in racing and he competed in two Grands Prix for the Scirocco-Powell team, retiring from both.

Burgess died in Harrow, aged 81.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Ian Burgess


text:
Ian Scheckter

Ian Scheckter (born 22 August 1947) is a South African former racing driver. He participated in 20 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 30 March 1974. He scored no championship points.

Biography
The elder brother of 1979 Formula One champion Jody Scheckter and uncle of IRL racer Tomas Scheckter, his first F1 races were in the South African Grand Prix, first driving a Lotus 72 for locals Team Gunston in 1974. The following year and also in 1976, he drove a Tyrrell 007 for Lexington Racing, either side of a couple of European outings for Williams.

In domestic racing, Scheckter came close to ending the run of Dave Charlton of titles in the South African National Drivers Championship in 1975, but in his two spells as a full-time competitor dominated the championship winning 49 races and equalling John Love and Charlton's tally of 6 championships.

Securing enough funds for a full season with the March works F1 team in 1977, he turned in some poor performances, aided in great part by the fact that, in some races, Team March had up to five drivers signed; lacking resources to provide adequately for them all. This situation spelled the end of his F1 career. Scheckter's final grand prix would have been the 1977 Japanese Grand Prix but he was detained and then expelled from Japan due to only having a tourist visa in his South African passport and Japanese objections to the South African apartheid regime.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Ian Scheckter


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Principle of good enough

The principle of good enough or "good enough" principle is a rule in software and systems design. It indicates that consumers will use products that are good enough for their requirements, despite the availability of more advanced technology.

title: Principle of good enough


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Ian Stewart (racing driver)

Ian Macpherson McCallum Stewart (15 July 1929 – 19 March 2017) was a British racing driver from Scotland.

Stewart was regarded by Jim Clark as a highly-strung individual who "at the wheel was as relaxed as anyone". His only appearance in a World Championship Grand Prix came at the 1953 RAC British Grand Prix, in which – due to ignition failure – he failed to finish in his Ecurie Ecosse-entered Connaught-Lea Francis A. Stewart's main competition was as part of the Jaguar racing Ecurie Ecosse team.

Stewart made a name for himself racing a Jaguar XK120 in British national events, winning 23 races in just three seasons, including the Jersey International and the Wakefield Trophy. He was a founder member of Ecurie Ecosse who adopted the colour he had resprayed his XK120 as their team colour, he was also responsible for their distinctive badge. During this period, he was one of three Ecurie Ecosse drivers for the team's debut race at Charterhall, which resulted in a second place for Stewart. It was with the Merchiston team that Stewart won most of his races. This success led to some works outings for the Jaguar marque at Le Mans.

It is often said that during the 1954 Les 24 Heures du Mans he rolled an Aston Martin DB3S on the fast stretch between Arnage and White House corners; that however was Jimmy Stewart, Jackie's older brother. Ian had already retired from racing following a crash in the 1954 Argentinian 1000k sports car race to tend to his family's agricultural and public house businesses in Perth and Kinross.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

title: Ian Stewart (racing driver)


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Vid

Vid or VID may refer to:

In linguistics

 * VID, the Sanskrit root of Vidya, meaning "to know" and related to "veda".
 * "vid", Eye dialect spelling of "with"
 * Vid (given name), Slavic given name

In mythology

 * Vid or Svetovid (Svantovid), a Slavic god that is the origin of various Slavic toponyms
 * Víd, one of the Élivágar rivers in Norse mythology

In geography

 * Vid (river), a river in Bulgaria also known as Vit
 * Vid, Croatia, a small settlement and archeological site near Metković
 * Vid, Hungary, a village near Veszprém

In science

 * Vienna Institute of Demography, a research institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital
 * VID Specialized University, a higher education and research institution in Norway.

In technology

 * Voltage Identification Digital, a digital specification for output voltages
 * Logitech Vid, a VoIP service based on SightSpeed
 * VLAN Identifier, a data field in IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging
 * slang for video or videotape

In business

 * Grupo Editorial Vid, a publishing group from Mexico
 * VID (company), a television company in Russia

Other uses

 * Short for "virus disease", referring to viral disease

title: Vid