text:
Kate Maki

Kate Maki (born Katherine Ellen Maki) is a Canadian singer-songwriter.

Biography
Maki is of Finnish descent. Born and raised in Sudbury, Ontario, she studied neuroscience at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia and education at Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario. She taught special education, French and science in Ottawa, Toronto and Sudbury for several years before deciding to pursue a full-time musical career.

In 2003, Maki recorded her debut album, Confusion Unlimited, with Dave Draves at Little Bullhorn Studios in Ottawa, Ontario. The album's blend of folk rock and alternative country earned her favourable reviews and quickly sold out its initial printing. In 2004, she returned to Little Bullhorn Studios to record her second album, The Sun Will Find Us. Both albums received Album of the Year awards at the Northern Ontario Music and Film Awards in 2004 and 2005.

In 2005, Maki, Nathan Lawr, Ryan Bishops, Ruth Minnikin and Dale Murray participated in two national concert tours, A Midautumn Night's Dream and A Midwinter Night's Dream, which were reportedly inspired by Bob Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue. The five musicians also recorded limited edition tour compilations for each tour.

Maki took a break from touring between 2006 and 2008 and returned home to Sudbury, Ontario to teach high school science.

During March Break 2007, Maki recorded her third album, On High, at Little Bullhorn Studios with Howe Gelb as producer and Dave Draves as engineer. It was released in North America on February 12, 2008, and was awarded Album of the Year at the Northern Ontario Music and Film Awards in 2009.

While touring the United States in 2008, Maki stopped at WaveLab in Tucson, Arizona for two days to record her fourth album, Two Song Wedding, which was released in January 2010.

In the fall of 2010, Maki and fellow Canadian songwriter Frederick Squire travelled to Paco Loco Studio in El Puerto de Santa Maria to record two country songs. Calling It Quits/Crazy Tropical Survival Guide was released as a seven-inch two-song single and digital download on March 22, 2011.

After touring Canada together in 2011 in support of their seven-inch as well as Maki's fifth solo album, Moonshine, and Squire's second solo album, Frederick Squire Sings Shenandoah and Other Popular Hits, the duo decided to take a break from touring and settled in Copper Cliff, Ontario to start a family. Squire and Maki were married on December 22, 2012.

Maki's most recent album, Head in the Sand, was released in May 2016.

Albums

 * Confusion Unlimited (2003)
 * The Sun Will Find Us (2004)
 * On High (2008)
 * Two Song Wedding (2010)
 * Moonshine (2011)
 * Head in the Sand (2016)

Tour Compilations

 * A Midwinter Night's Dream (2005)
 * A Midautumn Night's Dream (2005)

Singles

 * Calling It Quits/Crazy Tropical Survival Guide (2011, with Frederick Squire)

As Guest Musician

 * vocals: "Cocaine Cowgirl" and "St. George's Lane" - Matt Mays - Matt Mays + El Torpedo (2004)
 * vocals/electric guitar: "Covering Up" - Nathan Lawr - Secret Carpentry (2005)
 * vocals: "Mountain of Love" - Howe Gelb - Sno Angel Like You (2006)

title: Kate Maki


text:
Hannah Fox

Hannah Lee Fox (born September 29, 1969), better known as Hannah Fox is a former female boxer. She is from Las Vegas, Nevada. Her nickname is "The Vegas", which made her name sound like "Hannah The Vegas Fox" when introduced to fans before a fight.

Her first professional fight came on December 26, 1997, when she beat Heidi Tide by a decision in four, in Las Vegas. On her second fight, January 23 of 1998, she got her first knockout win, finishing her fight with Teara Anne Sanders in the first round.

Fox won her next seven fights in a row, with two knockouts. Among her foes during that initial, nine fight winning streak, were Tide in a rematch, Julie Birdsell, who antagonized Fox on Fox's first fight outside Nevada, with Fox winning an eight round decision at Biloxi, Mississippi, and the well known fighters, Diana Dutra, and Dawn George.

On January 15, 1999, she suffered her first, and only, career loss, when outpointed by Fredia Gibbs over eight rounds in Las Vegas. Fox, however, kept on the rise after this defeat: she had set her mind on one goal, and that was to become a world boxing champion.

After the loss to Gibbs came a rematch with Dutra, and Fox defeated the young hopeful, this time by a unanimous six round decision. Then, she fought Glenda Watkins, beating her by another six round decision, and becoming the IFBA's number one ranked challenger for the IFBA's world Jr. welterweight title.

On June 11, 1999, at Bossier City, Louisiana, she challenged Leah Mellinger for Mellinger's world Jr. Welterweight championship. Fox became the IFBA's world Jr. Welterweight champion by defeating Mellinger by a ten round decision.

With her dream finally accomplished, Fox retired, and has not made an attempt at a comeback.

Her boxing record was 12 wins, with only 1 loss, and 3 knockout wins.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hannah Fox


text:
User talk:Chilly Penguin

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
 * Featured pictures
 * Boilerplate text
 * Current polls
 * Mailing lists
 * IRC channel

Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Arb Com election]] 11:34, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

NPOV
Your enthusiasm for contributing is appreciated. However, I must recommend that you read Neutral point of view; expressions such as "the band had extracted their collective heads from their prog-rock posteriors" are neither neutral nor encyclopedic... -- Antaeus Feldspar 21:17, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

thanks for the BSG correction
Hi there, welcome to Wikipedia. Thanks for the correction in the BSG ep "The Passage", as well as your very helpful additions to the article. I was a little distracted when I watched the episode, so things that should have been obvious went over my head. As I wrote on the article's talk page, I just can't figure out how to integrate the D'Anna Biers/Baltar subplots, so your help with this would be more than welcome. Thanks again! -- Kyok o  19:06, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chilly Penguin


text:
Talk:Jacktar

Wiktionary?
 * No, while its short at the moment this topic has plenty of scope for a proper article.Alci12 16:59, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jacktar


text:
Sector 3

Sector 3, Sector III or variants may refer to:

Municipal sectors

 * Sector 3 (Bucharest), an administrative sector of Bucharest, Romania
 * A sector of Rohini Sub City, India
 * A sector of Vashi, India
 * Sector III, a neighbourhood in Getafe, Spain

Military sectors

 * A sector of the United Nations Mission in Liberia
 * A defence sector of the Bangladesh Armed Forces

Air traffic sectors

 * Part of a holding pattern
 * A sector of Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center coverage area
 * A sector of London Area Control Centre coverage area

Other uses

 * "Sector 3", a 1996 single by Ed Rush
 * Sector3 Studios, a Swedish video game developer

title: Sector 3


text:
Federation of Australia

The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia (which also governed what is now the Northern Territory), and Western Australia agreed to unite and form the Commonwealth of Australia, establishing a system of federalism in Australia. The colonies of Fiji and New Zealand were originally part of this process, but they decided not to join the federation. Following federation, the six colonies that united to form the Commonwealth of Australia as states kept the systems of government (and the bicameral legislatures) that they had developed as separate colonies, but they also agreed to have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia.

The efforts to bring about federation in the mid-19th century were dogged by the lack of popular support for the movement. A number of conventions were held during the 1890s to develop a constitution for the Commonwealth. Sir Henry Parkes, Premier of the Colony of New South Wales, was instrumental in this process. Sir Edmund Barton, second only to Parkes in the length of his commitment to the federation cause, was the caretaker Prime Minister of Australia at the inaugural national election in March 1901. The election returned Barton as prime minister, though without a majority.

The main economic manifestation of federation was an Australian customs and fiscal union. Although the customs union entailed a high external tariff on imports from outside of Australia, there was the elimination of tariffs on interstate Australian trade, and the net effect of federation on welfare was positive, insofar as trade policy was concerned.

This period has lent its name to an architectural style prevalent in Australia at that time, known as Federation architecture, or Federation style.

Early calls for federation

As early as 1842, an anonymous article in the South Australian Magazine called for a "Union of the Australasian Colonies into a Governor-Generalship."

In September 1846, the NSW Colonial Secretary Sir Edward Deas Thomson suggested federation in the New South Wales Legislative Council. The Governor of New South Wales, Sir Charles Fitzroy, then wrote to the United Kingdom's Colonial Office suggesting a "superior functionary" with power to review the legislation of all the colonies. In 1853, FitzRoy was appointed as Governor of Van Diemen's Land, South Australia and Victoria – a pre-federation governor-general of Australia, with wide-ranging powers to intervene in inter-colonial disputes. This title was also extended to his immediate successor, William Denison.

In 1847 the Secretary of State for the Colonies Earl Grey drew up a plan for a "General Assembly" of the colonies. The idea was quietly dropped. However, it prompted the statesman William Wentworth to propose in the following year the establishment of "a Congress from the various Colonial Legislatures" to legislate on "inter-colonial questions".

On 28 July 1853, a select committee formed by Wentworth to draft a new constitution for New South Wales proposed a General Assembly of the Australian Colonies. This assembly was proposed to legislate on intercolonial matters, including tariffs, railways, lighthouses, penal settlements, gold and the mail. This was the first outline of the future Australian Commonwealth to be presented in an official colonial legislative report.

On 19 August 1857, Deas Thomson moved for a NSW Parliamentary Select Committee on the question of Australian federation. The committee reported in favour of a federal assembly being established, but the government changed in the meantime, and the question was shelved.

Also in 1857, in England, William Wentworth founded the "General Association for the Australian Colonies", whose object was to obtain a federal assembly for the whole of Australia. While in London, Wentworth produced a draft Bill proposing a confederation of the Australian colonies, with each colony given equal representation in an intercolonial assembly, a proposal subsequently endorsed by his association. He further proposed a "permissive Act" be passed by Parliament allowing the colonies of Australia or any subset of them which was not a penal settlement to federate at will. Wentworth, hoping to garner as broad support as possible, proposed a loose association of the colonies, which was criticised by Robert Lowe. The secretary of state subsequently opted not to introduce the Bill stating it would probably lead to "dissension and discontent", distributing it nonetheless to the colonies for their responses. While there was in-principle support for a union of the colonies, the matter was ultimately deferred while NSW Premier Charles Cowper and Henry Parkes preferred to focus on liberalising Wentworth's squatter-friendly constitution.

Federal Council of Australasia
A serious movement for Federation of the colonies arose in the late 1880s, a time when there was increasing nationalism amongst Australians, the great majority of whom were native-born. The idea of being Australian began to be celebrated in songs and poems. This was fostered by improvements in transport and communications, such as the establishment of a telegraph system between the colonies in 1872. The Australian colonies were also influenced by other federations that had emerged around the world, particularly the United States and Canada.

Sir Henry Parkes, then colonial secretary of New South Wales, first proposed a Federal Council body in 1867. After it was rejected by the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Duke of Buckingham, Parkes brought up the issue again in 1880, this time as the premier of New South Wales. At the conference, representatives from Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia considered a number of issues including federation, communication, Chinese immigration, vine diseases and uniform tariff rates. The Federation had the potential to ensure that throughout the continent, trade and interstate commerce would be unaffected by protectionism and measurement and transport would be standardised.

The final (and successful) push for a Federal Council came at an Intercolonial Convention in Sydney in November and December 1883. The trigger was the British rejection of Queensland's unilateral annexation of New Guinea and the British Government wish to see a federalised Australasia. The convention was called to debate the strategies needed to counter the activities of the German and French in New Guinea and in New Hebrides. Sir Samuel Griffith, the premier of Queensland, drafted a bill to constitute the Federal Council. The conference successfully petitioned the Imperial Parliament to enact the Federal Council of Australasia Act 1885.

As a result, a Federal Council of Australasia was formed, to represent the affairs of the colonies in their relations with the South Pacific islands. New South Wales and New Zealand did not join. The self-governing colonies of Queensland, Tasmania and Victoria, as well as the Crown Colonies of Western Australia and Fiji, became involved. South Australia was briefly a member between 1888 and 1890. The Federal Council had powers to legislate directly upon certain matters, and did so to effect the mutual recognition of naturalisations by colonies, to regulate labour standards in the employment of Pacific Island labour in fisheries, and to enable a legal suit to be served outside the colony in which it was issued, "a power valuable in matters ranging from absconding debtors to divorce proceedings". But the Council did not have a permanent secretariat, executive powers, or any revenue of its own. Furthermore, the absence of the powerful colony of New South Wales weakened its representative value.

Nevertheless, it was the first major form of inter-colonial co-operation. It provided an opportunity for Federalists from around the country to meet and exchange ideas. The means by which the Council was established endorsed the continuing role that the Imperial Parliament would have in the development of Australia's constitutional structure. In terms of the Federal Council of Australia Act, the Australian drafters established a number of powers dealing with their common interests which would later be replicated in the Australian Constitution, especially section 51.

Early opposition
The individual colonies, Victoria excepted, were somewhat wary of Federation. Politicians, particularly those from the smaller colonies, disliked the very idea of delegating power to a national government; they feared that any such government would inevitably be dominated by the more populous New South Wales and Victoria. Queensland, for its part, worried that the advent of race-based national legislation would restrict the importing of kanaka labourers, thereby jeopardising its sugar cane industry.

These were not the only concerns of those resistant to federation. Smaller colonies also worried about the abolition of tariffs, which would deprive them of a large proportion of their revenue, and leave their commerce at the mercy of the larger states. New South Wales, traditionally free-trade in its outlook, wanted to be satisfied that the federation's tariff policy would not be protectionist. Victorian Premier James Service described fiscal union as "the lion in the way" of federation.

A further fundamental issue was how to distribute the excess customs duties from the central government to the states. For the larger colonies, there was the possibility (which never became an actuality) that they could be required to subsidise the struggling economies of Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia.

Even without the concerns, there was debate about the form of government that a federation would take. Experience of other federations was less than inspiring. In particular, the United States had experienced its traumatic civil war.

The nascent Australian labour movement was less than wholly committed in its support for federation. On the one hand, nationalist sentiment was strong within the labour movement and there was much support for the idea of White Australia. On the other hand, labour representatives feared that federation would distract attention from the need for social and industrial reform, and further entrench the power of the conservative forces. The federal conventions included no representatives of organised labour. In fact, the proposed federal constitution was criticised by labour representatives as being too conservative. These representatives wanted to see a federal government with more power to legislate on issues such as wages and prices. They also regarded the proposed senate as much too powerful, with the capacity to block attempts at social and political reform, much as the colonial upper houses were quite openly doing at that time.

Religious factors played a small but not trivial part in disputes over whether federation was desirable or even possible. As a general rule, pro-federation leaders were Protestants, while Catholics' enthusiasm for federation was much weaker, not least because Parkes had been militantly anti-Catholic for decades (and because the labour movement was disproportionately Catholic in its membership). For all that, many Irish could feel an attractive affinity between the cause of Home Rule in Ireland – effectively federalizing the United Kingdom – and the federation of the Australian colonies. Federationists such as Edmund Barton, with the full support of his righthand man Richard O'Connor, were careful to maintain good relations with Irish opinion.

Early constitutional conventions
In the early 1890s, two meetings established the need for federation and set the framework for this to occur. An informal meeting attended by official representatives from the Australasian colonies was held in 1890. This led to the first National Australasian Convention, meeting in Sydney in 1891. New Zealand was represented at both the conference and the Convention, although its delegates indicated that it would be unlikely to join the Federation at its foundation, but it would probably be interested in doing so at a later date.

Australasian Federal Conference of 1890
The Australasian Federal Conference of 1890 met at the instigation of Parkes. Accounts of its origin commonly commence with Lord Carrington, the Governor of New South Wales, goading the ageing Parkes at a luncheon on 15 June 1889. Parkes reportedly boasted that he "could confederate these colonies in twelve months". Carrington retorted, "Then why don't you do it? It would be a glorious finish to your life." Parkes the next day wrote to the Premier of Victoria, Duncan Gillies, offering to advance the cause of Federation. Gillies's response was predictably cool, given the reluctance of Parkes to bring New South Wales into the Federal Council. In October Parkes travelled north to Brisbane and met with Griffith and Sir Thomas McIlwraith. On the return journey, he stopped just south of the colonial border, and delivered the historic Tenterfield Oration on 24 October 1889, stating that the time had come for the colonies to consider Australian federation.

Through the latter part of 1889, the premiers and governors corresponded and agreed for an informal meeting to be called. The membership was: New South Wales, Parkes (Premier) and William McMillan (Colonial Treasurer); Victoria, Duncan Gillies (Premier) and Alfred Deakin (Chief Secretary); Queensland, Sir Samuel Griffith (Leader of the Opposition) and John Murtagh Macrossan (Colonial Secretary); South Australia, Dr. John Cockburn (Premier) and Thomas Playford (Leader of the Opposition); Tasmania, Andrew Inglis Clark (Attorney-General) and Stafford Bird (Treasurer); Western Australia, Sir James George Lee Steere (Speaker); New Zealand, Captain William Russell (Colonial Secretary) and Sir John Hall. When the conference met at the Victorian Parliament in Melbourne on 6 February, the delegates were confronted with a scorching summer maximum temperature of 39.7 °C in the shade. The Conference debated whether or not the time was ripe to proceed with federation.

While some of the delegates agreed it was, the smaller states were not as enthusiastic. Thomas Playford from South Australia indicated the tariff question and lack of popular support as hurdles. Similarly, Sir James Lee Steere from Western Australia and the New Zealand delegates suggested there was little support for federation in their respective colonies.

A basic question at this early assembly was how to combine federalism and responsible government. Parkes suggested the Canadian model, which federated with the British North America Act, 1867, to be similarly adopted in Australia. However, delegates from the smaller states were not enthusiastic, with John Alexander Cockburn of South Australia seeing the Canadian model as a "coercive" and "homogeneous National Union". Andrew Inglis Clark, a long-time admirer of American federal institutions, introduced the US Constitution as an example of the protection of States' rights. He presented it as an alternative to the Canadian model, arguing that Canada was "an instance of amalgamation rather than Federation." A model closer to that of the United States was endorsed, with states able to act completely independently apart from those limited powers transferred to the federal government and where each state would be represented equally in a strong second chamber—the Senate.

Clark's draft constitution

Andrew Inglis Clark had given considerable thought towards a suitable constitution for Australia. In May 1890, he travelled to London to conduct an appeal on behalf of the Government of Tasmania before the Privy Council. During this trip, he began writing a draft constitution, taking the main provisions of the British North America Act, 1867 and its supplements up through 1890, the US Constitution, the Federal Council of Australasia Act, and various Australian colonial constitutions. Clark returned from London by way of Boston, Massachusetts, where he held discussions about his draft with Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., and Moncure Conway among others.

Clark's draft introduced the nomenclature and form which was subsequently adopted:

 * The Australian Federation is described as the Commonwealth of Australia
 * There are three separate and equal branches – the Parliament, the Executive, and the Judicature.
 * The Legislature consists of a House of Representatives and a Senate
 * It specified the separation of powers and the division of powers between the Federal and State governments.

Upon his return to Hobart in early November 1890, with the technical aid of W. O. Wise, the Tasmanian Parliamentary Draftsman, Clark completed the final form of the Draft Constitution and had a number of copies printed. In February 1891, Clark circulated copies of his draft to Parkes, Barton and probably Playford as well. This draft was always intended to be a private working document, and was never published.

The National Australasian Convention of 1891
The Parliament proposed at the Convention of 1891 was to adopt the nomenclature of the United States Congress; a House of Representatives and a Senate. The House of Representatives was to be elected by districts drawn up on the basis of their population, while in the Senate there was to be equal representation for each "province". This American model was mixed with the Westminster system by which the Prime Minister and other ministers would be appointed by the representative of the British Crown from among the members of the political party holding a majority in the lower House.

Griffith identified with great clarity at the Sydney Convention perhaps the greatest problem of all: how to structure the relationship between the lower and upper houses within the Federal Parliament. The main division of opinion centred on the contention of Alfred Deakin, that the lower house must be supreme, as opposed to the views of Barton, John Cockburn and others, that a strong Senate with co-ordinate powers was essential. Griffith himself recommended that the doctrine of responsible government should be left open, or substantially modified to accord with the Federal structure.

Over the Easter weekend in 1891, Griffith edited Clark's draft aboard the Queensland Government's steam yacht Lucinda. (Clark was not present, as he was ill with influenza in Sydney). Griffith's draft Constitution was submitted to colonial parliaments but it lapsed in New South Wales, after which the other colonies were unwilling to proceed.

Griffith or Clark?
The importance of the draft Constitution of 1891 was recognised by John La Nauze when he flatly declared that "The draft of 1891 is the Constitution of 1900, not its father or grandfather." In the twenty-first century, however, a lively debate has sprung up as to whether the principal credit for this draft belongs to Queensland's Sir Samuel Griffith or Tasmania's Andrew Inglis Clark. The debate began with the publication of Peter Botsman's The Great Constitutional Swindle: A Citizen's Guide to the Australian Constitution in 2000, and a biography of Andrew Inglis Clark by F.M. Neasey and L.J. Neasey published by the University of Tasmania Law Press in 2001.

The traditional view attached almost sole responsibility for the 1891 draft to Griffith. Quick and Garran, for instance, state curtly that Griffith "had the chief hand in the actual drafting of the Bill". Given that the authors of this highly respected work were themselves active members of the federal movement, it may be presumed that this view represents—if not the complete truth—then, at least, the consensus opinion among Australia's "founding fathers".

In his 1969 entry on "Clark, Andrew Inglis (1848–1907)" for the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Henry Reynolds offers a more nuanced view: "Before the National Australasian Convention in Sydney in 1891 [Clark] circulated his own draft constitution bill. This was practically a transcript of relevant provisions from the British North American Act, the United States Constitution and the Federal Council Act, arranged systematically, but it was to be of great use to the drafting committee at the convention. Parkes received it with reservations, suggesting that 'the structure should be evolved bit by bit'. George Higinbotham admitted the 'acknowledged defects & disadvantages' of responsible government, but criticized Clark's plan to separate the executive and the legislature. Clark's draft also differed from the adopted constitution in his proposal for 'a separate federal judiciary', with the new Supreme Court replacing the Privy Council as the highest court of appeal on all questions of law, which would be 'a wholesome innovation upon the American system'. He became a member of the Constitutional Committee and chairman of the Judiciary Committee. Although he took little part in the debates he assisted (Sir) Samuel Griffith, (Sir) Edmund Barton and Charles Cameron Kingston in revising Griffith's original draft of the adopted constitution on the Queensland government's steam yacht, Lucinda; though he was too ill to be present when the main work was done, his own draft had been the basis for most of Griffith's text."Clark's supporters are quick to point out that 86 Sections (out of a total of 128) of the final Australian Constitution are recognisable in Clark's draft, and that "only eight of Inglis Clark's ninety-six clauses failed to find their way into the final Australian Constitution"; but these are potentially misleading statistics. As Professor John Williams has pointed out: "It is easy to point to the document and dismiss it as a mere 'cut and paste' from known provisions. While there is some validity in such observations it does tend to overlook the fact that there are very few variations to be added once the basic structure is agreed. So for instance, there was always going to be parts dealing with the executive, the parliament and the judiciary in any Australian constitution. The fact that Inglis Clark modelled his on the American Constitution is no surprise once that basic decision was made. Issues of the respective legislative powers, the role of the states, the power of amendment and financial questions were the detail of the debate that the framers were about to address in 1891." As to who was responsible for the actual detailed drafting, as distinct from the broad structure and framework of the 1891 draft, John Williams (for one) is in no doubt: "In terms of style there can be little argument that Inglis Clark's Constitution is not as crisp or clean as Kingston's 1891 draft Constitution. This is not so much a reflection on Inglis Clark, but an acknowledgement of the talents of Charles Kingston and Sir Samuel Griffith as drafters. They were direct and economical with words. The same cannot always be said of Inglis Clark."

Australasian Federal Convention of 1897–98
The apparent enthusiasm of 1891 rapidly ebbed in the face of opposition from Henry Parkes' rival, George Reid, and the sudden advent of the Labor Party in NSW, which commonly dismissed federation as a "fad". The subsequent revival of the federal movement owed much to the growth of federal leagues outside of capital cities, and, in Victoria, the Australian Natives' Association. The Border Federation League of Corowa held a conference in 1893 which was to prove of considerable significance, and a "People's Convention" in Bathurst in 1896 underlined the cautious conversion of George Reid to the federal cause. At the close of the Corowa Conference John Quick had advanced a scheme of a popularly elected convention, tasked to prepare a constitution, which would then be put to a referendum in each colony. Winning the support of George Reid, premier of NSW from 1894, the Quick scheme was approved by all premiers in 1895. (Quick and Robert Garran later published The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth in 1901, which is widely regarded as one of the most authoritative works on the Australian Constitution. ) In March 1897 took place the Australasian Federal Convention Elections, and several weeks later the delegates gathered for the Convention's first session in Adelaide, later meeting in Sydney, and finally in Melbourne in March 1898. After the Adelaide meeting, the colonial parliaments took the opportunity to debate the emerging bill and to suggest changes. The basic principles of the 1891 draft constitution were adopted, modified by a consensus for more democracy in the constitutional structure. It was agreed that the Senate should be chosen, directly, by popular vote, rather than appointed by state governments.

On other matters there was considerable disagreement. State interests inevitably fractured the unity of delegates in matters involving rivers and railways, producing legalistic compromises. And they had few guides, at a conceptual level, to what they were doing. Deakin greatly praised James Bryce's appreciation of American federalism, The American Commonwealth. And Barton cited the analysis of federation of Bryce's Oxford colleagues, E.A. Freeman and A.V. Dicey. But neither of these two writers could be said to be actual advocates of Federation. For delegates less given to reading (or citing) authors, the great model of plural governance would always be the British Empire, which was not a federation.

The Australasian Federal Convention dissolved on 17 March 1898 having adopted a bill "To Constitute the Commonwealth of Australia."

Federation referenda

Referendums on the proposed constitution were held in four of the colonies in June 1898. There were majority votes in all four, however, the enabling legislation in New South Wales required the support of at least 80,000 voters for passage, equivalent to about half of enrolled voters, and this number was not reached. A meeting of the colonial premiers in early 1899 agreed to a number of amendments to make the constitution more acceptable to New South Wales. These included the limiting Braddon Clause, which guaranteed the states 75 percent of customs revenue, to just ten years of operation; requiring that the new federal capital would be located in New South Wales, but at least a hundred miles (160 km) distant from Sydney; and, in the circumstances of a double dissolution, reducing from six tenths to one half the requisite majority to legislate of a subsequent joint meeting of Senate and House. In June 1899, referendums on the revised constitution were held again in all the colonies except for Western Australia, where the vote was not held until the following year. The majority vote was yes in all the colonies.

1899 and 1900 referendums

The bill as accepted by the colonies (except Western Australia, which voted after the act was passed by the British parliament) was sent to Britain to be enacted as an act passed by British Parliament.

Federal Constitution

The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp) was passed on 5 July 1900 and given royal assent by Queen Victoria on 9 July 1900. It was proclaimed on 1 January 1901 in Centennial Park, Sydney. Sir Edmund Barton was sworn in as the interim Prime Minister, leading an interim Federal ministry of nine members.

The new constitution established a bicameral Parliament, containing a Senate and a House of Representatives. The office of governor-general was established as the Queen's representative; initially, as a representative of the British Government.

The Constitution also provided for the establishment of a High Court, and divided the powers of government between the states and the new Commonwealth government. The states retained their own parliaments, along with the majority of existing powers, but the federal government would be responsible of issues defence, immigration, quarantine, customs, banking and coinage, among other powers.

Landmarks named after Federation
The significance of Federation for Australia is such that a number of landmarks, natural and man-made, have been named after it. These include:

 * Federal Highway, between Goulburn, New South Wales and Canberra
 * Federation Creek, near Croydon, Queensland
 * Federation Peak, Tasmania
 * Federation Range, on the Royston River, about 90 km east-northeast of Melbourne, Victoria
 * Federation Square, Melbourne, Victoria
 * Federation Trail, Melbourne, Victoria
 * Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria

title: Federation of Australia


text:
Parameswara

Parameswara may refer to:

 * Parameshwara (god), a Hindu concept literally meaning the Supreme God, usually referring to Shiva
 * Parameswara (king) (1344–1424), Sultan of Malacca
 * Parameshvara (1360–1425), Indian mathematician and astronomer

title: Parameswara


text: User talk:83.70.167.131

title: User talk:83.70.167.131


text:
Longear sunfish

The longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) is a freshwater fish in the sunfish family, Centrarchidae, of order Perciformes. It is native to the area of eastern North America stretching from the Great Lakes down to northeastern Mexico. The longear sunfish reaches a maximum recorded length of about 24 cm, with a maximum recorded weight of 790 g. Most do not live beyond six years. The longear sunfish is quite colorful, with an olive to rusty-brown back, bright orange belly and vermiculate blue-green bars on the sides of its head, the latter two features most pronounced in breeding males. A unique characteristic of longear sunfish is their elongated operculum flap, giving an appearance of a "long ear". It is black and often has a white margin. The pectoral fin is relatively short and would not reach the snout if it were reflected anteriorly. In breeding males, iridescent blue spots develop on the dorsum and sides and the fin membranes turn orange in all fins except the ventral ones, which may be blue to black, and the pectoral ones. Lepomis megalotis can be distinguished from closely related dollar sunfish L. marginatus by a greater number of cheek scale rows, by having one to two additional pectoral fin rays and by the slope of the opercular flap, which is distinctly upward in L. marginatus but is closer to horizontal in males of L. megalotis, although female and subadult L. megalotis may have upward slanting opercular flaps.

The species prefers densely vegetated, shallow waters in lakes, ponds, and sluggish streams. Its diet can include insects, aquatic invertebrates, and small fish. Avoiding strong currents, longear sunfish are usually present in small to moderate flowing streams, rivers, and reservoirs. The genus Lepomis has a well-characterized mating behavior where parental care is done by the male. The male makes and defends the nest, and fans the eggs to remove silt and other debris until the larvae hatch. Some longear females produce 4,000 eggs. They spawn in groups but do not form large colonies.

Longear sunfish are better at getting food in moving waters than still waters; this may explain why they are more abundant in streams than lakes. For the most part, longear sunfish are active during the day and inactive at night. There are very few conservation acts currently being performed in order to maintain the distribution and abundance of this species.

Geographic distribution
Longear sunfish are found in North America, primarily in the Mississippi and Great Lakes regions. Longear sunfish are mostly found in freshwater areas west of the Appalachian Mountains. Some Lepomis populations are located as far north and west as southern Quebec and Minnesota. The species has also been spotted in places as far south and west as central Mexico and New Mexico. The native territory of the longear sunfish is exclusive to the North American Continent. It is found primarily in the Mississippi and Great Lakes watersheds. The longear sunfish is restricted in range to certain large streams. This species can be located in the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River. The species has been introduced to stream ecosystems along the eastern coast of the United States. The distribution of the longear sunfish throughout North America has not been affected since the species has been followed. This may be due to the species' ability to travel throughout large bodies of water, thus avoiding dams and man-made interferences along smaller streams. They are also able to occupy different body of water types, thus making them more resilient to a decrease in their range distribution.

Ecology
Longear sunfish feed more extensively near the surface of the water than other sunfish species. Lepomis megalotis is mostly a carnivorous fish that eats aquatic insects, small crustaceans, fish eggs, young bass, and even young sunfish. They have also been observed eating dragonflies and other insects which travel over the surface of the water. Other observed prey have been detritus, gnat larvae, snails, day flies and leeches. The diets of adult longear (longer than 102 mm) are composed of terrestrial insects (37%), fish (31%), aquatic insects (21%), and fish eggs (7%). Largemouth bass, smallmouth bass and wading birds are all natural predators to the longear sunfish. Smaller species of longear can be preyed on by larger sunfish populations. Sunfish are an important link in the food chain. They act as both predator and prey within their ecosystems. Other sunfish species and larger predatory fishes compete with the longear for food and resources.

Longear sunfish, like additional members of the family Centrarchidae, are freshwater fish. They prefer streams with a firm clay bottom or gravel with clear waters and they typically stay nearby aquatic vegetation. Although more abundant near the sources of streams, sunfish can be found in water sources of all sizes and are also found in lakes. Longear sunfish usually reside in shallower, warmer headwaters of streams with a steady flow. They spend most of their time near aquatic vegetation, or other forms of cover such as roots, brush piles, and undercut banks. This allows for them to hide from potential predators. Sunfish species are especially intolerant to turbid waters. Human-induced changes to stream ecosystems could potentially disrupt the sunfish distribution. Destruction of aquatic vegetation from human runoff could destroy aquatic plants that are essential for the protection and cover of this species against predators. Chemical runoff into large rivers could also disturb the pH of the longear's natural ecosystem.

Life history
Longear sunfish tend to breed during the late spring and early summer (late May to late August). During breeding seasons they are generally found in shallower, warmer waters near the sources of streams which have pools. Like most other members of Lepomis, longear sunfish are colonial nesters. Male longear sunfish build the nests without assistance from the females. Preferred substrate for nesting is gravel, if available, but they will build in sand or hard mud if necessary. A male longear will guard the nest territory during all phases of reproduction. The clutch size can be anywhere from 140 to 2800 eggs per reproductive cycle. After hatching, it only takes the longear sunfish 2–3 years to reach sexual maturity. The average life-span of the Lepomis megalotis in the wild is usually 4–6 years, but there have been cases where individuals have lived up to 9 years. Longear sunfish cannot tolerate cloudy or mucky water. Throughout the 20th century their populations have been reduced in areas where their native streams have suffered increased cloudiness. This cloudiness could potentially be a result of human induced erosion for agriculture or industry purposes. Increased human disturbance along streams and rivers could continue to increase the reduction of longear populations due to the murkiness of rivers and streams.

Current management
Longear sunfish are not currently endangered in any of their native habitats. They are not listed federally or internationally as threatened or endangered, but efforts are still being conducted in order to protect the species. Small conservation actions are taking place all over the US. Control of non-point source pollution from urbanization and agricultural practices is needed for this species, which is intolerant of turbidity. Habitat degradation and loss from shoreline and watershed agriculture threatens this species which prefers clear, shallow streams with aquatic vegetation. Sedimentation and agricultural runoff also threatens this species which is believed to have been lost from many locations because of the effects of soil erosion. The longear sunfish is not in danger of overfishing, because it is not considered a sport fish, and because the sunfish is not especially good for eating. The longear sunfish is currently threatened in states such as Wisconsin and New York. Refuge areas in these two states are being created along lakes and streams in order to protect the few, disjunct locations where this species live. Since this species has a fairly large distribution nationally and its abundance is still quite high, there are not many conservation groups taking serious action in preserving this species. The longear sunfish tends to do well in rivers and streams that do not undergo much disturbance. If man-made disturbances continue to disrupt shorelines then agencies may begin to see an increased reduction in the Lepomis megalotis abundance nationwide.

Angling
The IGFA all tackle world record for the species stands at 0.79 kg caught from Elephant Butte Lake in New Mexico in 1985.

Further references

 * Sezen, Uzay. "Sinister Cannibals or Nurturing Fathers?". Nature Documentaries, 2012.
 * Mullaney M (2003) "Lepomis megalotis" Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 24 November 2013
 * Sezen, Uzay. "Sinister Cannibals or Nurturing Fathers?". Nature Documentaries, 2012.
 * Mullaney M (2003) "Lepomis megalotis" Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 24 November 2013
 * Mullaney M (2003) "Lepomis megalotis" Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 24 November 2013
 * Mullaney M (2003) "Lepomis megalotis" Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 24 November 2013
 * Mullaney M (2003) "Lepomis megalotis" Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 24 November 2013
 * Mullaney M (2003) "Lepomis megalotis" Animal Diversity Web. Accessed 24 November 2013

title: Longear sunfish


text: User talk:64.169.3.13

title: User talk:64.169.3.13


text: User talk:64.169.2.27

title: User talk:64.169.2.27


text:
User:Guy Montag

Profile

I was born in Moldova, Kishinev and moved to the United States in 1993. I consider myself a general history enthusiast and political observer. Wikipedia serves as an outlet for this interest.

My views
I focus and specialise in nationalist movements, and history, primarily with those related to Israel. My specialization focuses on the often ignored historical motivations of Jewish national movements. In this sense, my purpose in Wikipedia is to make sure that Jewish national aspirations and viewpoints are not misrepresented, maligned, falsified or ill construed by those who have little background in such a specialization. For this purpose, I contribute information pertinent to such viewpoints in a manner that conforms to Wikipedia policy. I try to follow the NPOV policies, and I look forward to any fresh input on my edits or ideas if there is controversy associated with them.

 "Our hearts where they rocked our cradle  Our love where we spent our toil,   And our faith, and our hope, and our honor,   We pledge to our native soil.   God gave all men all earth to love   But since our hearts are small   Ordained for each one spot should prove   Beloved over all."'' ~Rudyard Kipling

My views on Editing
My views coincide with the ideas of another user. I have quoted his policy as he so eloquently stated in several pages.

"I'd like to point out that having a strong POV and making sure it's accurately represented in articles in a NPOV way is not mutually exclusive from good faith editing, and in fact, the best articles are a collaboration of reasonable articulate editors who represent various and opposing POVs while adhering to policy." - M P er el

My Large Contributions/or Totally Rewritten (TR) Articles

 * Jewish State (TR)
 * Palestinian Exodus
 * Irgun
 * Revisionist Zionism(TR)
 * Zionism and racism
 * Kfar Qasim massacre (TR)
 * Qana(TR)
 * Nablus
 * King David Hotel bombing
 * Altalena Affair
 * Battle of Deir Yassin (TR)
 * 1939 White Paper Work in Progress

Pet Projects
Revisionist Zionism

I will be focusing on adding as much information on individuals such as David Raziel, Israel Eldad Uri Zvi Greenberg, and other important figures in the Zionist movement neglected by common history. Anyone interested feel free to give me a tell.

Project seems to be done at this time.

Projects
User:Guy Montag/project1 User:Guy Montag/project2

title: User:Guy Montag


text:
Acolon

Acolon is a German wine grape variety, a cross between Blauer Lemberger (Blaufränkisch) and Dornfelder.

It was created in 1971 at the Staatliche Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt für Wein- und Obstbau in Weinsberg (nr. Württemberg), Germany. The variety was officially recognised in 2002. It ripens early and produces a very color-intensive wine with mild tannins, resembling Lemberger. Currently it is growing experimentally on 1.35 square kilometres. Since 1981 it has often been used as a partner in creating new genetically diverse varieties.

title: Acolon


text: Category:Economy of Poland

title: Category:Economy of Poland


text:
Zigzag transformer

A zigzag transformer winding is a special-purpose transformer winding with a zigzag or "interconnected star" connection, such that each output is the vector sum of two (2) phases offset by 120°. It is used as a grounding transformer, creating a missing neutral connection from an ungrounded 3-phase system to permit the grounding of that neutral to an earth reference point; to perform harmonic mitigation, as they can suppress triplet (3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st, etc.) harmonic currents; to supply 3-phase power as an autotransformer (serving as the primary and secondary with no isolated circuits); and to supply non-standard, phase-shifted, 3-phase power.

A nine-winding, three-phase transformers typically have three primaries and six identical secondary windings, which can be used in zigzag winding connection as pictured.

A conventional six-winding, grounding transformer or zigzag bank, with the same winding and core quantity as a conventional three-phase transformer, can also be used in zigzag winding connection.

In all cases the first coil on each zigzag winding core is connected contrariwise to the second coil on the next core. The second coils are then all tied together to form the neutral, and the phases are connected to the primary coils. Each phase, therefore, couples with each other phase, and the voltages cancel out. As such, there would be negligible current through the neutral point, as the Zig-Zag has a high positive and negative sequence impedance, with a low zero-sequence impedance which can be tied to ground.

Each of the three "limbs" are split into two sections. The two halves of each limb have an equal number of turns and are wound in opposite directions. With the neutral grounded, during a phase-to-ground short fault, a third of the current returns to the fault current, and the remainder must go through two of the three phases when used to derive a grounding point from a delta source.

If one or more phases fault to earth, the voltage applied to each phase of the transformer is no longer in balance; fluxes in the windings no longer oppose. (Using symmetrical components, this is Ia0 = Ib0 = Ic0.) Zero-sequence (earth fault) current exists between the transformer’s neutral to the faulting phase. The purpose of a zigzag transformer in this application is to provide a return path for earth faults on delta-connected systems. With negligible current in the neutral under normal conditions, an undersized (unable to carry a continuous fault load) transformer may be used only as short-time rating is required, provided the defective load will be automatically disconnected in a fault condition. The transformer's impedance should not be too low for desired maximum fault current. Impedance can be added after the secondaries are summed to limit maximum fault currents (the 3Io path).

A combination of Y (wye or star), delta, and zigzag windings may be used to achieve a vector phase shift. For example, an electrical network may have a transmission network of 110 kV/33 kV star/star transformers, with 33 kV/11 kV delta/star for the high voltage distribution network. If a transformation is required directly between the 110 kV/11 kV network an option is to use a 110 kV/11 kV star/delta transformer. The problem is that the 11 kV delta no longer has an earth reference point. Installing a zigzag transformer near the secondary side of the 110 kV/11 kV transformer provides the required earth reference point.

Applications
Zigzag transformers are often required by utilities when connecting three-phase inverters (usually for renewable energy) to the grid to provide a stable neutral voltage and prevent excessive phase-to-ground voltages. This also protects the switching devices inside the inverters, which are usually insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

title: Zigzag transformer


text:
Pariser

Pariser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Eli Pariser (born 1980), American activist and writer
 * Rudolph Pariser (1923–2021), physical and polymer chemist

title: Pariser


text:
User talk:Subramanian

Welcome!

Please begin a new topic or continue an existing conversation below. Aum namah Śivaya.

Image copyright - Lion dharma.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Lion dharma.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. --cohesion★ talk 09:48, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright - Linga_dws.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Linga_dws.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. --OrphanBot 07:47, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Reincarnation in Portuguese and Spanish
I 'll be working on those versions progressively but would welcome your assistance. By the way, I am attempting yoga. Is hatha yoga that importantfor (spiritual)evolution? Best regards,--Jondel 02:49, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Do you speak spanish? There is someone at the es:Discusión:Reencarnación asking questions and I don't seem to be able to answer him well. Mil gracias.--Jondel 01:40, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Si ille vos place addite le sequente in le pt:Reencarnação. To pote cambiar le e borrar le espaniol. Multissimo gratias!--Jondel 01:27, 2 February 2006 (UTC) :

Antigua
Espaniol malo:

En la cultura cristiana, es sin embargo cierto que durante los seis ciento primeros años de nuestra era, la reencarnacíon era un concepto admitido por el Cristianismo. Numerosos Padres de la Iglesia la enseñaron y sólo en el Concilio de Constantinopla, en 535 que estaba por razones de política teológica controvertida, negada y algunos escritos religiosos destruidos. . Uno de los más grandes pensadores de la Iglesia antigua, Orígenes (185-254), creia en reencarnación.

Portuguese malo:

Na cultura cristã, é contudo certo que durante os seis cem primeiros anos de o nosso era, o réincarnation era um conceito admitido pelo Cristianismo. Numerosos Pais da Igreja ensinaram-o e apenas no Conselho de Constantinopla, 535 que era por razões de política théologique contestada, negada e de alguns documentos religiosos destruídos. Um mais dos grandes pensadores da antiga Igreja, Origens (185-254), creia em réincarnation.

Elija y Juan Bautista
(Iste existe in le interlingua wikipedia.)

Espaniol malo:

Elijah es San Juan Bautista. Enviaron los sacerdotes judíos para preguntar a San Juan Bautista, "está usted Elijah?" (Juan, 1:21), que se ve como soporte del concepto que los sacerdotes judíos creyeron en la teoría del reincarnation. Cristo habló las palabras referentes a San Juan Bautista que son inequívocas e inequívocas: él dijo, "Él es Elijah." (Mateo 11:14). Más adelante en, sobre el montaje de Transfiguration, vienen al Cristo dicho, "Elias ya vino, y no le conocían, pero han hecho a él cualesquiera que deseaban... Entonces los disciples entendían que él hablo a ellos de San Juan Bautista." (Mateo 17:12,13).

(Portuguese malo)

Enviaram os padres judaicos para pedir à Jean o Baptista, "é Elijah?" (Jean, 1:21), que é visto como apoio do conceito que os padres judaicos creram na teoria do reincarnation. Christ falou as palavras relativas à Jean o Baptista que são evidente e evidente: disse, "é Elijah." (Matthew 11:14). Seguidamente em, sobre a montagem Transfiguration, vêm Christ propósito, "Elias já tem vindo, e não o conheciam, mas fizeram à ele cerca de um que desejavam.." Então os discípulos compreendiam que fala à eles de San Juan Bautista."" (Matthew 17:12,13).

Hello
I found your name at wiki-project:hinduism, and was hoping you might like to join in at Talk:Human, where a more diverse perspective is needed. Thanks, Sam Spade 16:11, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Tomb of rumi at konya turkey.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Tomb of rumi at konya turkey.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Admrb♉ltz (T | C) 00:00, 4 March 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Tripundra.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Tripundra.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Dethomas 03:26, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Rumi_Jelaluddin.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Rumi_Jelaluddin.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 16:32, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Pronounce.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Pronounce.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 13:23, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Prediobc.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Prediobc.gif. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Image legality questions. 15:53, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:JanioQuadros.jpg
An image that you uploaded or altered, Image:JanioQuadros.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page to provide the necessary information on the source or licensing of this image (if you have any), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.

Image:Aum 3.gif listed for deletion
Hello, I listed image:Aum 3.gif for deletion because it is an orphan image. Renata 05:19, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Urgent Request
Dear Subramanian,

I would like to bring something to your attention (a proposed deletion of a wikipedia article) and would like to request your help.

I have seen some of your contributions, specially to the India and Hinduism related pages, and I think you might have a good understanding of the issues involved. Please look at the article: India_Basher and views about its proposed deltion:Articles_for_deletion/India_Basher. I am hoping to save the article. My contribution to the article is relatively small, but I think it is a valuable article.

I believe that those supporting deletion of the article are not familiar with the subject. Also, they may have made a decision while the article was still in its beginning stages. With your knowledge of India and its interaction with the world, you can probably make an informed decision about value of the article, and its accuracy. I will appreciate if you can share your thoughts at Articles_for_deletion/India_Basher.

You can my my contributions to Wikipedia at Special:Contributions/Vikramsingh --Vikramsingh 01:41, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

=Raja Yoga controversy= Dear Hinduism Project editors,

There is a controversy on the Hinduism regarding Raja Yoga. Please read the debate on the Hinduism discussion page. Your comments are requested on the Hinduism discussion page to help resolve the controversy. Thank you. HeBhagawan 14:51, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

Image:Ramana.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Ramana.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in its not being deleted. Thank you.

Tamil people in FAR
Hello. Tamil people has been brought to FAR. Please be there and comment. Regards.--Dwaipayan (talk) 15:45, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Tamil language FAR
Tamil language is in featured article review.--Dwaipayan (talk) 07:02, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Karma in Christianity
An article that you have been involved in editing, Karma in Christianity, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Karma in Christianity. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Pastordavid (talk) 16:59, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Earth Changes
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Earth Changes, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * Unsourced WP:FRINGE. No indication of WP:Notability. Most probably containing a high level of WP:OR.

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. HrafnTalkStalk(P) 11:44, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Yogaswami
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is Yogaswami. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/Yogaswami. Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate.

Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:06, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Aumnamasivaya devanagari.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Aumnamasivaya devanagari.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of that website's terms of use of its content. However, if the copyright holder is a party unaffiliated from the website's publisher, that copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider verifying that you have specified sources for those files as well. You can find a list of files you have created [ in your upload log]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged per Wikipedia's criteria for speedy deletion, F4. If the image is copyrighted and non-free, the image will be deleted 48 hours after 16:35, 16 May 2010 (UTC) per speedy deletion criterion F7. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 16:35, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

FAR listing
I have nominated Tamils for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. — Spaceman  Spiff  07:36, 5 August 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

WikiProject Hinduism
 WikiProject Hinduism

Hello, Subramanian. We would like to inform you about the recent changes to the WikiProject. We would like to introduce a newsletter to Wikiproject Hinduism. A newsletter is always help to inform recent changes in the project to project members and help for effective coordination. Now we have launched a new newsletter for the Wikiproject. As a member, you are cordially invited to subscribe to the newsletter. Also do not forget to contribute to the newsletter. Thank you!

 Subscribe

- Discuss this newsletter

Contribute

Subscribe/Unsubscribe

Archive

Sent by on behalf of WikiProject Hinduism. Go here to remove your name if you wish to opt-out of future mailings. --MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:14, 28 November 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Subramanian


text: User talk:64.228.45.149

title: User talk:64.228.45.149


text:
Pogus Caesar

Dr. Pogus Caesar (born 1953) is a British artist, archivist, author, curator, television producer and director. He was born in St Kitts, West Indies, and grew up in Birmingham, England.

Early life
Caesar was born on the Caribbean island of Saint Kitts. At an early age, he moved to Birmingham, England.

Career
During the early 1980s, Caesar was appointed director of the West Midlands Minority Arts Service. He was the first chairman of Birmingham International Film & Television Festival.

As a photographer and artist, Caesar has worked in Spain, India, South America, Sweden, Denmark, South Africa, Albania, and Jamaica, documenting diverse communities. Caesar's artwork and photographs have been acquired by the National Portrait Gallery,

In 2022, Caesar was named in CasildART's list of the top six Black British photographers, including Charlie Phillips, Armet Francis, Neil Kenlock and James Barnor.

Exhibitions

 * Pogus Caesar Paintings – Cartwright Hall, Bradford, 1986. Solo exhibition
 * Instamatic Views of New York – National Museum of Film and Photography, Bradford, 1986. Solo exhibition
 * Into The Open – Mappin Art Gallery, Sheffield, 1984 (as Curator/Exhibitor). Group exhibition
 * Caribbean Expressions in Britain – The Leicester Museum & Art Gallery, 1986 Central Museum and Art Gallery, Northampton, 1986, Cartwright Hall, Bradford, 1987 (as Curator/Exhibitor). Group exhibition
 * Break in the Seal – Herbert Art Gallery, Coventry, 1988. Joint exhibition
 * Sharp Voices, Still Lives – Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, 1990. Group exhibition
 * Vibes: The Roots of Urban Music – Herbert Art Gallery, Coventry, 2004 / Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, 2005. Group exhibition
 * Burning Images – Revolution Through The Lens – The Drum, Birmingham, 2005. Group exhibition
 * Handsworth Riots - Twenty Summers On – OOM Gallery / BBC Mailbox, Birmingham, 2005. Solo exhibition
 * From Jamaica Row – Rebirth of the Bullring – OOM Gallery, Birmingham, 2006. Solo exhibition
 * Seeing Slavery – Potteries Museum & Art Gallery, Stoke-on-Trent, 2007. Group exhibition
 * Religion, Slavery and Diaspora – Horniman Museum & Garden, London, 2007. Group exhibition
 * Trespassers Will Be Shot – Survivors Will Be Shot Again – Images of Joburg & Capetown – Friction Arts, Birmingham, 2007. Solo exhibition
 * The Art of Ideas – Birmingham, UK, 2008. Group exhibition
 * That Beautiful Thing – Wolverhampton Art Gallery, Wolverhampton, 2008. Solo exhibition
 * That Beautiful Thing – Three White Walls Gallery, Birmingham, 2008. Solo exhibition
 * From Jamaica Row – Rebirth of the Bullring – Kinetic AIU, Birmingham, 2008–09. Solo exhibition
 * Muzik Kinda Sweet: Photographs 1985–2009 – Fazeley Studios, Birmingham, 2009. Solo exhibition
 * Pattern Recognition – City Gallery, Leicester, 2009. Group exhibition
 * Participation: The film and workshop movement 1979–1991 – VIVID Birmingham Exhibition and archive project, 2009
 * South Africa – Brighter Flame – Symphony Hall, Birmingham, 2010. Solo exhibition
 * Muzik Kinda Sweet – British Music Experience, O2, London, 2011. Solo exhibition
 * Reggae Kinda Sweet – Trinity Centre, Bristol, UK. 2012. Solo exhibition
 * Reggae Kinda Sweet – The Drum, Birmingham, UK. 2013. Solo exhibition
 * Islands on the Edge - Atlantic Wharf Gallery, Boston, USA, 2015. Group exhibition
 * Staying Power, V&A Museum, London, 2015. Group exhibition
 * Within and Without: Body Image and the Self, Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, Birmingham, 2019. Group exhibition
 * Handsworth "1985" Revisited, Multi Site Billboard Installation with Benjamin Zephaniah, Birmingham, 2019. Joint exhibition
 * Inspiring Photographs: Collecting for the Future, National Portrait Gallery, London,UK 2019–2020. Group exhibition
 * Birmingham Revolutions: Power to the People, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham,UK 2019–2020. Group exhibition
 * Black Lives Matter, Multi-Site Billboard Installation, London and Birmingham,UK 2020. Solo exhibition
 * Dub London: Bassline of a City, Museum of London,UK 2020. Group exhibition.
 * Bristol Photo Festival: Island Life, Photographs from the Martin Parr Foundation, Bristol Museum & Art Gallery, Bristol,UK 2021. Group exhibition
 * War Inna Babylon: The Community's Struggle for Truths & Rights, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London,UK 2021. Group Exhibition
 * Life Between Islands: Caribbean-British Art 1950s – Now, Tate Britain, London,UK 2021/22. Group exhibition
 * Creative Connections Herbert Art Gallery & Museum, Coventry, UK 2022. Group Exhibition
 * We Are Birmingham, Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK 2022. Group exhibition
 * The Black Triangle Atlas Gallery, London, UK 2022. Group exhibition
 * Tower of Dreams Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK 2022. Video projection
 * This is Britain: Photographs from the 1970s and 1980s National Gallery of Art,Washington, USA 2023. Group exhibition
 * A Tall Order" Rochdale Art Gallery in the 1980s Touchstones, Rochdale, UK 2023. Group exhibition
 * Identity" Graves Gallery, Sheffield, UK 2023/4. Group exhibition
 * " National Portrait Gallery, London, UK 2023. Group exhibition
 * " The Missing Thread: Untold Stories of Black British Fashion, Somerset House, London UK 2023. Group exhibition
 * " The Tiny Spark: Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, Birmingham UK 2023 Single channel film projection
 * " The Tiny Spark: Somerset House, London UK 2023 Single channel film projection
 * Life Between Islands: Caribbean-British Art 1950s – Now, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada 2023/2. Group exhibition
 * Friends in Love and War - L’Éloge des meilleur·es ennemi·es macLYON, Lyon, France 2024. Group exhibition
 * Friends in Love and War - L’Éloge des meilleur·es ennemi·es Ikon, Birmingham, UK 2024/25. Group exhibition

Television production credits

 * Black On Black, Channel 4, 1985–1986 Multi-cultural current affairs/entertainment series. Line Producer
 * Here & Now, Central Television, 1986–1989. Multi-cultural series, featuring Lenny Henry, Maya Angelou, Nigel Benn, Craig Charles, Omar Sharif, Carmen Munroe, James Baldwin. Presenter and Director
 * One World, Central Television. 1990–91. Multi-cultural series, featuring Al Sharpton, MC Hammer. Interviewer and Director
 * I'm Black in Britain, Central Television, 1993; 30-minute documentary investigating racism in Britain. Interviewees include John Tyndall of National Front. Interviewer and Director
 * Designer Babies, Central Television, 1993. 30-minute documentary on Vitro Fertilization. Interviewees included Patrick Steptoe CBE and Professor Robert Winston. Co-Producer and Interviewer
 * The Cook Report, Central Television, 1994. 30-minute current affairs programme. Investigative Reporter
 * An Eye on X, Windrush Productions for Carlton Television/ACGB 1995. Short film on micro sculptor Willard Wigan. Producer and Director
 * Xpress, Windrush Productions for Carlton Television 1995 14 X 30-minute entertainment series featuring Sharron Davies, Derek Redmond, Mark Morrison, China Black, Rozalla, Ranking Roger of The Beat. Series Producer and Director
 * Edwin Starr: Agent 00 Soul, Windrush Productions for Carlton Television 1995. Documentary on American soul singer Edwin Starr. Producer and Director
 * Prince at The New Power Generation at the NEC, Windrush Productions for Carlton Television 1995. Short film on Prince and his band including interviews and concert footage. Producer and Director
 * Love in Kenya, Windrush Productions for Carlton Television 1995. English woman on holiday finds love and marriage with Kenyan man. Producer and Director
 * 15 Minute Meals, Windrush Productions for Carlton Television, 1995. Six chefs from around the world cook up local dishes in 15 minutes. Series Producer and Director
 * Respect, Carlton Television, 1995 – six 30-minute sports series (documentaries on heavyweight champion boxer Lennox Lewis, British rugby player Martin Offiah, Olympic athlete Judy Simpson, Aston Villa footballer Tony Daley, Olympic athlete John Regis, and disabled tennis player Diana Bowles). Series Producer and Director
 * Aaliyah Live in Amsterdam, Windrush Productions, 1995, 51-minute documentary on hip-hop superstar Aaliyah. Producer and Director
 * The A-Force, BBC TV Manchester, 1997. 6 x 60-minute entertainment series, lifestyle documentary featuring Jada Pinkett Smith, Dave Chappelle, John Singleton and Isaac Hayes in Toronto, Canada. Senior Producer and Director
 * The A-Force, BBC TV Manchester, 1997. 6 x 60-minute entertainment series, lifestyle documentary on AC Milan footballer George Weah in Italy. Senior Producer and Director
 * The A-Force, BBC TV Manchester, 1997. 6 x 60-minute entertainment series, lifestyle documentary on Liverpool footballer John Barnes. Senior Producer and Director
 * The A-Force, BBC TV Manchester, 1997. 6 x 60-minute entertainment series, Nas & The Fugees in Manchester. Senior Producer
 * Drumbeat, Carlton Television, 1999. 6 x 60-minute entertainment/current affairs series. Interviewees including Lynden David Hall, Ruby Turner, Mr Vegas. Series Editor and Presenter

title: Pogus Caesar


text:
Classicnl

Classicnl (formerly known as Classic FM) is a classical music radio station in the Netherlands, which at one time broadcast on FM, but is now available nationally on DAB+, cable and internationally on the Internet. The station is owned by the Bakker Oosterbeek Beheer BV which acquired the station from Telegraaf Media Groep which owned the radio station from 2006 until November 2017. The radio station was known as Classic FM from 1994 until October 1st, 2019. Between 1994 and 1997, the format was almost identical to the Classic FM (UK) station, including the jingles, but it featured Dutch presentation. It currently transmits classical music 24 hours a day with no presenters.

History
At the end of January 1994, there was a reallocation of FM terrestrial frequencies. As part of this process, there was exactly one frequency package planned for jazz and classical music. The preference of the ministry of welfare, public health and culture (Ministerie van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur) was to allocate this package to EuroJazz (later called Jazz Radio), but this station was not able to pay for the package. As Classic FM from the UK also bid on the frequency package, after negotiations with the ministry, the package was sold to this station on the condition that 40% of broadcast time would be jazz. As a result, on April 30th, 1994, the Dutch station Classic FM was founded and broadcasts commenced.

In 1997, following a complaint from Sky Radio and Radio 538, the court lifted the broadcast obligation for jazz music on this frequency. Shortly after this verdict, Sky Radio bought the station and since then only light classical music can be heard on Classic FM, which resulted in a significant rise in listening numbers. On April 1st, 2000, the ailing competitor Concertradio was incorporated into Classic FM, making Classic FM the only classical, private radio station in the Netherlands.

During the next frequency redistribution in 2003, Classic FM did not obtain the frequency package for classical music, because the parent company Sky Radio Group already owned the maximum of two radio stations (Sky Radio and Radio Veronica). The slot for classical music was left unassigned, to be picked up later that year by Arrow 90.7 FM (later known as SubLime FM). As a consequence, Classicnl could only be received through cable, satellite, DAB+, and internet.

Nevertheless, in 2009, Classic FM celebrated a fifteenth anniversary special broadcasts, a CD release and a sold-out concert in the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam. In 2013, there were significant changes that led to an increased importance of the spoken word, following a collaboration with De Telegraaf, which edited morning shows and provided special features in the evenings. These features included travel programs, discussions of movies with Bart van Leeuwen, which later developed into a daily show with Michael Pilarczyk.

In November 2017, investor Ids Bakker of Bakker Oosterbeek Beheer acquired the station from Telegraaf Media Group and decided to discontinue broadcasting on the DAB+ frequency, because it was barely used. Bakker Oosterbeek Beheer also owns labels for classical and jazz music under the name Challenge Records and operates classical streaming services under the name MeloMe.

Between July and August 2018, Classic FM had a radio market share of 1.3% (the state financed classical music radio station Radio 4 had 2.1%).

In October 2019, Bakker Oosterbeek Beheer decided to terminate the 1994 license agreement with the owners of Classic FM (UK) - British Global Media & Entertainment - and to rename the station to Classicnl, because it had not used an FM frequency since 2003. Both agreed that the Classic FM brand cannot be used in the Netherlands in the coming years.

The station was commissioned to attract a younger audience by playing shorter pieces of classical music during the day and complete classical works at night. In addition to cable TV and Internet, the station returned to DAB+.

title: Classicnl


text:
User talk:Bdk

Reapers etc.
Danke for help on the reaper articles. What do you think we should about File:McCormickReaper.jpg which certainly looks like a Deering Reaper not McCormick. Is it worth copying to commons with a more descriptive name and deleting this one? I can find all sorts of pictures of McCormicks. Just loaded File:McCormick Twine Binder 1884.jpg for example. The Hussey pic File:Hussey's Reaping Machine - Project Gutenberg etext 19547.jpg also is a bad scan. I can get a better one, but then the name would be misleading, since the file name now has the source mixed up in it. W Nowicki (talk) 22:51, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

What do you think? Higher resolution, but not sure it is any better.W Nowicki (talk) 01:57, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

 * Hoi W Nowicki,
 * well, File:McCormickReaper.jpg looks in fact like a Deering machine. I think it would be best to find a higher resolution version of the motif (better sourced, too, hopefully) and upload that one to Commons. The small image here could be deleted then.
 * Thanks for uploading the Google scan of Hussey's reaper. I'm also not sure which one is better. Anyway, on Commons it's ok to keep more than one version of a motif. Both images are linked to each other, so I don't really care which one is used :-) --bdk: 16:55, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

Commons on french wikipedia
Hello,

Thank you for your contributions of french wikipedia. Just for your personnal information, the model is considered obsolete on french wikipedia as you can see on fr:Catégorie:Modèle obsolète.

If you want to contribute a better way (not that yours is wrong), I suggest you to use the model (Other projects).

This model can create different links in the same box.

For example, you can use :

All details available at fr:Modèle:Autres projets

Regards, --UncivilFire (talk) 03:50, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for this hint. --bdk: 04:54, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Interwikilink
Hallo bdk, kann bezüglich Automatic milkingInterwikilink he:חליבה מכנית leider nicht helfen. Kenne nur das Alphabet ... Gruß aus München ·לערי ריינהארט·T·m:[//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/user_talk:%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98?action=history Th]·T·email me· 05:52, 9 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Oh, schade, aber danke für die schnelle Antwort. Beste Grüße zurück --bdk: 14:22, 9 October 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bdk


text:
Classic FM

Classic FM may refer to a number classical music radio stations, including:

 * ABC Classic, formerly ABC Classic FM, in Australia
 * Classic FM (UK)
 * Classic FM TV, a defunct British TV channel owned by Classic FM
 * Classic FM (Bulgaria)
 * Classic FM (Czech Republic), renamed into Classic Praha
 * Classic FM (Netherlands), renamed Classicnl
 * Classic FM, former name of Hot 1027, in South Africa
 * Classic FM (United States), in Syracuse, Utica and Watertown, New York
 * KBS Classic FM (KBS 1FM), run by the Korean Broadcasting System in South Korea

title: Classic FM


text: User talk:207.81.89.222

title: User talk:207.81.89.222


text:
Captain of the fleet

In the Royal Navy of the 18th and 19th centuries a captain of the fleet could be appointed to assist an admiral when the admiral had ten or more ships to command. The equivalent post was called fleet captain in the U.S. Navy of the 18th and 19th century.

This was a post rather than a rank in itself, and if its holder's permanent rank was below that of an admiral then he ranked just below the most junior rear-admiral and was entitled to the pay and allowance of a rear-admiral whilst he held the post.

The admiral's commands would be issued through his captain of the fleet, and the fleet's responses would be passed back to him. This role of intermediary between the overall commander and the commanded was analogous to that of a commander on a large warship, through whom orders were relayed to the crew and responses received. He would also act in some senses and instances as the admiral's chief of staff.

A captain of the fleet would usually be stationed on the admiral's flagship as its "first captain", and so that ship would also have a flag captain or "second captain" for everyday command of the ship itself.

Much later, in 1950–52, then Captain Hilary Biggs was Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleet, afterwards being promoted to rear-admiral and finishing his career as a vice-admiral.

title: Captain of the fleet


text:
HMS Herald (H138)

HMS Herald was a Hecla-class ocean survey ship that served with the Royal Navy during both the Falklands War and Gulf War.

Design and construction
The Hecla-class were designed as combined hydrographic and oceanographic survey ships, built to merchant ship standards and of similar design to RRS Discovery. Herald was the fourth ship of the class and was built to an improved design to the three earlier Heclas. She was laid down at the Robb Caledon's Leith shipyard on 9 November 1971, was launched on 4 October 1973 and completed on 31 October 1974. She had the Pennant number A138.

Herald was 79.3 m long, with a beam of 15.0 m and a draught of 4.7 m. Displacement was 2000 LT standard and 2945 LT full load. She had diesel-electric propulsion, with three Paxman Ventura 12-cylinder diesel engines rated at 1280 bhp powering two electric motors, rated at a total of 2000 hp and driving one propeller shaft, giving a speed of 14 kn. She had a range of 12000 nmi at a speed of 11 kn. The ship had a complement of 128 officers and other ranks.

Operational history
In January 1979, Herald, along with sister ship HMS Hydra (A144) and the smaller survey ships HMS Fawn (A325) and HMS Fox (A320), was carrying out survey operations off the coast of Iran when she was diverted to pick up about 60 British and American dependents from the port of Bandar Abbas in the wake of the Iranian Revolution.

During the Falklands War, Herald served as a Red Cross ship, ferrying casualties from San Carlos to Montevideo. During 1983 she served as a South Atlantic Guardship.

Following the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, Herald was deployed to the Eastern Mediterranean as a support ship for the minehunters of the 3rd Mine Countermeasures Squadron. She continued to support the squadron after it moved to the Gulf, and was still on station when the Gulf War air campaign began in January 1991, but was relieved by sister ship HMS Hecla (A133).

In 1998 she located the wreck of HMS Russell, off Malta. The ship's pennant number changed to H 138 in 1998.

In December 2000, Herald answered a Mayday call and took part in a joint operation with the Royal Air Force to rescue the crew of the Cypriot ferry Royal Prince. The 35-metre ship sank in rough seas, but the crew were rescued by a RAF helicopter from RAF Akrotiri and landed on HMS Herald.

Decommissioning
Herald was paid off on 12 April 2001 and decommissioned on 31 May 2001, having been replaced by the two new survey vessels of the Echo class, HMS Echo (H87) and HMS Enterprise (H88).

After decommissioning, Herald joined her sister HMS Hecla (A133) in Waterford after a brief re-fit in Cork dockyard. She was renamed Somerville after Admiral James Somerville and was used for a hydrographic survey in Irish waters. The ship was sold in 2004 to Indian breakers and beached on 18 June of that year.

Postage stamps
Herald appears on two stamps with Prince Andrew, Duke of York, issued by Saint Helena.

title: HMS Herald (H138)


text:
User:Souk

when i am bored or have a cold i will edit

title: User:Souk


text:
Survey vessel

A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.

Role
The task of survey vessels is to map the bottom, and measure the characteristics of the benthic zone, full water column, and surface for the purpose of:
 * hydrography, the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans and other natural bodies of water, and the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of other activities associated with those bodies of water,
 * general oceanography, the scientific study of the oceans,
 * mapping of marine habitats as part of the process of assessing the state of the ecology,
 * measurement of environmental impact of natural and anthropogenic changes,
 * planning of marine salvage, the process of recovering a ship and its cargo after a shipwreck or other maritime casualty,
 * dredging, the excavation of material from underwater, to recover materials or to alter the bottom profile, usually for navigational of construction purposes,
 * underwater construction, which is industrial construction in an underwater environment,
 * coastal engineering, the branch of civil engineering concerned with construction at or near the coast, and the development of the coast itself,
 * maritime archaeology, the study of human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains,
 * underwater mining and extraction of petroleum.

Survey equipment
Typically, modern survey vessels are equipped with one or more of the following equipment:
 * Satellite navigation to provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning,
 * Single beam sonar for the measurement of underwater physical and biological components,
 * Multibeam sonar to accurately and efficiently map the seabed
 * Side-scan sonar to efficiently create relief images of large areas of the sea floor.
 * Towed magnetometer for measuring the Earth's magnetic field, in geophysical surveys, to detect magnetic anomalies,
 * Reflection seismology equipment for subsurface profiling. Seismic sources include air guns, sparkers and boomers.
 * Bottom sampling equipment such as Van Veen grab sampler, Box corer, Epibenthic sled or other core sampling equipment.
 * CTD sondes to measure the electrical conductivity, temperature, and pressure of seawater
 * Inertial measurement unit

Unmanned and autonomous survey vessels

Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs; also known as unmanned surface vessels or in some cases autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs), uncrewed surface vessels, or colloquially, drone ships ) are boats or ships that operate on the surface of the water without a crew. USVs operate with various levels of autonomy, from simple remote control, to autonomous COLREGs compliant navigation.

An autonomous survey vessel is an unmanned vessel fitted with survey equipment and capable of operating without human supervision while performing survey work, either uploading the data in real time, or at pre-programmed stages, or on a remote command. Autonomous underwater vehicles set up for survey work are a subclass of autonomous survey vessels that operate underwater. unmanned survey vessels are usually relatively small and therefore economical to acquire and operate, and can be sent to areas too hazardous for a larger or crewed vessel, as well as for extensive and time-consuming but routine surveys.

USVs are valuable in oceanography, as they are more capable than moored or drifting weather buoys, but far cheaper than the equivalent weather ships and research vessels, and more flexible than commercial-ship contributions, and, with solar cells to power their electronics, can have months of marine persistence. Powered USVs are a powerful tool for use in hydrographic survey. Using a small USV in parallel to traditional survey vessels as a 'force-multiplier' can double survey coverage and reduce time on-site.

title: Survey vessel


text:
User talk:66.82.9.81

Proposed deletion of Evan Farmer

The article Evan Farmer has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Had his fingers in several pies, but sourcing is nowhere to be found."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 00:50, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of Evan Farmer for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Evan Farmer is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Evan Farmer until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 14:15, 8 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:66.82.9.81


text: User talk:80.177.152.132

title: User talk:80.177.152.132


text:
Talk:Moe's Tavern

Barney Gumble
The rambling history of the Barney Gumble is a word-for-word copy from Barney's separate page. Completely unnecessary for this page, and I will remove it unless someone protests. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.243.236.11 (talk) 07:20, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Location
In one episode, I think Brake My Wife, Please, Homer walks to Moe's, then turns around and sees his family standing outside the house down the street where Bart congratulates him for walking to Moe's. This would mean it's on Evergreen Terrace, since the entrance to the bar faces the street Homer is on.JW 10:08, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
 * It should be noted in the article that like most buildings in springfield, Moe's tavern does not have a clear location, and different episodes contradict each other regarding its geography. 217.132.202.109 12:26, 15 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Isn't it usually at the corner of Walnut and 2nd? Varoon Arya 23:26, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

"Interior"?
The interior section has completely unrelated (and sometimes uncited) pockets of information. How can this be cleaned up?

Bart's Calls
No mention is made of the fact that Moe's is regularly prank-called by Bart. Pn57 (talk) 06:27, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Moe's Tavern