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Murder of Kriss Donald

Kriss Donald (2 July 1988 – 15 March 2004) was a 15-year-old white Scottish teenager who was kidnapped and murdered in Glasgow in 2004 by a gang of 5 men of Pakistani origin, some of whom fled to Pakistan after the crime. Daanish Zahid, Imran Shahid, Zeeshan Shahid and Mohammed Faisal Mustaq were later found guilty of racially motivated murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. A fifth man, Zahid Mohammed, pleaded guilty to kidnapping, assault and lying to police and was sentenced to five years in prison. He later went on to testify against the other four at their trials.

The case featured the first-ever conviction for racially motivated murder in Scotland.

Kidnapping and murder
On 15 March 2004, Donald was abducted from Kenmure Street in the Pollokshields area of Glasgow by five men associated with a local British Pakistani gang led by Imran Shahid. The kidnapping was ostensibly revenge for an attack on Shahid at a nightclub in Glasgow city centre the night before by a local white gang, and Donald was chosen as an example of a "white boy from the McCulloch Street area" despite having no involvement in the nightclub attack or in any gang activity.

Donald was taken on a 200 mi journey to Dundee and back while his kidnappers made phone calls looking for a house to take him to. Having no success at this, they returned to Glasgow and took him to the Clyde Walkway, near Celtic Football Club's training ground. There, they held his arms (ascertained due to an absence of defensive wounds) and stabbed him multiple times. He sustained internal injuries to three arteries, one of his lungs, his liver and a kidney. He was doused in petrol and set on fire as he bled to death.

Arrests and first trials
Initially, two men were arrested in connection with the crime. One man, Daanish Zahid, was found guilty of Kriss Donald's murder on 18 November 2004 and was the first person to be convicted of racially motivated murder in Scotland. Another man, Zahid Mohammed, admitted involvement in the abduction of Donald and lying to police during their investigation and was imprisoned for five years. He was released after serving half of his sentence and returned to court to give evidence against three subsequent defendants.

Special extradition and later trial
Three suspects were arrested in Pakistan in July 2005 and extradited to the UK in October 2005, following the intervention of Mohammed Sarwar, the Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Central.

The Pakistani police had to engage in a "long struggle" to capture two of the escapees. There is no extradition treaty between Pakistan and Britain, but the Pakistani authorities agreed to extradite the suspects. There were numerous diplomatic complications around the case, including apparent divergences between government activities and those of ambassadorial officials; government figures were at times alleged to be reluctant to pursue the case for diplomatic reasons.

The three extradited suspects, Imran Shahid, Zeeshan Shahid, and Mohammed Faisal Mushtaq, all in their late twenties, arrived in Scotland on 5 October 2005. They were charged with Donald's murder the following day. Their trial opened on 2 October 2006.

On 8 November 2006, the three men were found guilty of the racially motivated murder of Kriss Donald. All three had denied the charge, but a jury at the High Court in Edinburgh convicted them of abduction and murder. Each of the killers received sentences of life imprisonment, with Imran Shahid given a 25-year minimum term, Zeeshan Shahid a 23-year minimum and Mushtaq receiving a recommended minimum of 22 years.

Lack of media coverage
The BBC has been criticised by some viewers because the case featured on national news only three times and the first trial was later largely confined to regional Scottish bulletins including the verdict itself. In preference to reporting the verdict the organisation found the time to report the opening of a new arts centre in Gateshead in its running order. The BBC again faced criticisms for its failure to cover the second trial in its main bulletins, waiting until day 18 to mention the issue and Peter Horrocks of the BBC apologised for the organisation's further failings. Although admitting that the BBC had "got it wrong", the organisation's Head of Newsgathering, Fran Unsworth, chose to deny the suggestion that Donald's race played a part in the lack of reportage, instead claiming it was mostly a product of "Scottish blindness".

Peter Fahy, spokesman of race issues for the Association of Chief Police Officers, said that "it was a fact that it was harder to get the media interested where murder victims were young white men".

Police response
A March 2004 article in The Scotsman newspaper alleged a lack of response by authorities to concerns of rising racial tensions and that Strathclyde Police had felt pressured to abandon Operation Gather, an investigation into Asian gangs in the area, for fear of offending ethnic minorities. In a January 2005 interview with a Scottish newspaper, prominent Pakistani Glaswegian Bashir Maan claimed that "fear and intimidation" had allowed problems with Asian gangs in some parts of the city to go unchecked. The article also quoted a former senior Strathclyde police officer who criticised "a culture of political correctness" which had allowed gang crime to "grow unfettered".

Tributes
Glasgow band Glasvegas wrote the song "Flowers & Football Tops" having been inspired by the tragedy and the likely effect it would have on the victim's parents. The band dedicated their 2008 Philip Hall Radar NME award win to Donald's memory.

A memorial plaque was installed on a bench beside the River Clyde, near to where he was killed, in memory of Donald. In addition, a memorial plaque was placed on a public fence in Pollokshields close to the spot where he was kidnapped; in July 2018, friends and family gathered at the spot to remember him on what would have been his 30th birthday.

Commentary
Journalist Mark Easton cites the racist murders of Donald and also Ross Parker to argue that society has been forced to redefine racism and discard the definition of "prejudice plus power", a definition which only allowed ethnic minorities to be victims of hate crime. Yasmin Alibhai-Brown also cites the Donald case to highlight what she describes as lack of concern for white victims of racist murders. She compares Donald to high-profile ethnic minority victims, asking whether Donald's murderers were "less evil" than Stephen Lawrence's killers. Alibhai-Brown argues that treating "some victims as more worthy of condemnation than others is unforgivable—and a betrayal of anti-racism itself".

Conduct of accused
Following their convictions, the killers – particularly Imran Shahid, due to his reputation and distinctive appearance – continued to draw attention for events that occurred inside the prison system. From the time of their remand in 2005, it was known to the authorities that other prisoners had particular intent to attack the accused, and an incident at HMP Barlinnie prompted Imran Shahid to be placed in solitary confinement, a practice which continued regularly until 2010, due to the continual threat of violence against him, and the aggressive behaviour he showed when he did come into contact with others. He appealed against this measure as a breach of his human rights, which was rejected in 2011 and in 2014 but upheld in October 2015 by the UK Supreme Court. It was found that prison rules had not been correctly adhered to in the application for, or extension of, some periods totalling 14 months of his 56 months of detention, but that overall, the reasons for keeping him in solitary confinement for his own safety were valid. He was not offered any financial compensation, which he had tried to claim.

Shahid was attacked twice (the second incident, in which a fellow murderer struck him with a barbell weight in the gym at HMP Kilmarnock in 2013, caused serious injury) and also attacked another prisoner with a barbell, for which he was sentenced to additional jail time in March 2016; he had received a concurrent sentence for violence in 2009 after being racially abused by another prisoner. Shahid also received media attention for cases he brought against the prison service governors in 2017 for unlawful removal of his possessions (a 'penis pump' for erectile dysfunction which was deemed to have negligible medical benefit, and an Xbox games console which it was believed could have been adjusted to access the internet), which were dismissed.

Zahid Mohammed, who later changed his name to Yusef Harris to avoid connection to the murder, was convicted and imprisoned in 2017 for another separate incident involving weapons, threats and driving his vehicle at police.

title: Murder of Kriss Donald


text:
Billy Volek

John William Volek (born April 28, 1976) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Fresno State Bulldogs. He was signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent in 2000 and also played for the San Diego Chargers.

Early years
Volek attended Clovis West High School in Fresno, California, and was a letterman in football. In football, as a senior, he was named the Northwest Yosemite League Offensive Player of the Year. He then went to Fresno State, where he led the Bulldogs to a Western Athletic Conference title in 1999 and set the NCAA record for career lowest percentage of passes intercepted.

Tennessee Titans
Volek was signed by the Tennessee Titans in 2000 from free agency, after not being selected by any team in the 2000 NFL draft. He would see very little action during his rookie season, completing 0 of his 3 passes with no touchdowns and no interceptions. After such a small amount of play time, he would not be seen on the field again until the 2003 season, where he would make a name for himself as one of the National Football League's more talented backup quarterbacks.

In 2004, he became only the fourth quarterback in NFL history—along with Dan Marino, Dan Fouts, and Phil Simms—to pass for over 400 yards in two consecutive games, a feat that was also accomplished in 2008 by New England Patriots quarterback Matt Cassel, in 2011 by Tom Brady and Cam Newton, in 2018 by Ryan Fitzpatrick, and in 2022 by Joe Burrow. It was announced on December 17, 2004, that he would be the starting quarterback for the rest of the season for the Titans, replacing the injured Steve McNair. McNair's injuries healed in time for the next season, and Volek backed him up once again, starting only 1 game. McNair was later traded to the Baltimore Ravens during June 2006, allowing Volek the opportunity to truly earn the starting position.

In late August 2006, coach Jeff Fisher announced that the Titans intended to sign Kerry Collins to compete with Volek for the starting quarterback job. In turn, it has been reported that Volek took issue with this decision and immediately asked to be considered for a trade.

San Diego Chargers
On September 19, 2006, Volek was traded to the San Diego Chargers for a conditional sixth round pick in the 2007 NFL draft after the Titans played the Chargers in their second game. Titans coach Jeff Fisher has since publicly stated that Volek was untruthful with him and that this may have led to his eventual trade. Fisher was quoted as saying "He was untruthful with me, untruthful with his head coach, about where he was and what he was doing. So we started off on the wrong page there, and that did not sit well with me." The trade as a whole is considered to have been messy, and although he has criticized Volek for lying to him, Fisher has not revealed what the lie was, and instead also states that Volek never took advantage of his opportunities once told he was the starter. Many critics state that Volek took full advantage of his chances to become the starting quarterback, pointing towards the reasonably good preseason that the Titans had.

Since the trade to San Diego in 2006, Volek saw spot duty behind Philip Rivers. During the AFC Divisional Playoff game against the Indianapolis Colts on January 13, 2008, Volek replaced the injured Philip Rivers and led a fourth-quarter comeback over the defending champions. He completed 3 of his 4 passes, including a 15-yard pass on his second pass attempt. He also scored his first touchdown of the year on a one-yard quarterback sneak which allowed the Chargers to win the game, 28–24, and go to the 2007 AFC Championship Game against the New England Patriots.

On February 29, 2008, Volek signed a three-year contract with San Diego. On July 30, 2011, Volek signed a two-year contract with the Chargers.

Volek was released on March 16, 2012. He announced his retirement on KMJNow News Talk Radio Show in May 2012.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Billy Volek


text:
James Smith (boxer)

James "Bonecrusher" Smith is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1981 to 1999 and held the WBA heavyweight title from 1986 to 1987.

Early life
Smith was born in Magnolia, North Carolina. After graduating from high school, he attended James Sprunt Community College in Kenansville, North Carolina. He earned an associate's degree in business administration in 1973. Two years later, he got a bachelor's degree in business administration from Shaw University in Raleigh.

Amateur career
After serving in the U.S. military and working as a prison guard, Smith competed as an amateur boxer, compiling a record of 35–4 [1] before turning professional in November 1981.

Professional career
He lost his first fight against James "Broad-Axe" Broad, a world-class amateur and qualifier for the 1980 Olympics who was 2–0 as a pro. The fight was broadcast on ESPN. Smith was dropped in 4 rounds with body shots and counted out.

The following year Smith upset future cruiserweight world champion and southpaw Ricky Parkey, then 2–0 as a pro, by winning a 6-round points decision. After scoring two knockouts, Smith followed up the Parkey win with another upset: an 8-round points decision over Chris McDonald, who was 8–0–1 as a pro and had been a top amateur. He went on to score nine straight knockouts, before traveling to the UK in 1984, where he fought and knocked out Frank Bruno, who was 21–0 (21 KO).

In November 1984, he fought Larry Holmes for the IBF heavyweight championship. Holmes had a record of 45–0 and won eighteen straight world title fights. Smith was stopped on advice of the doctor in the 12th round, due to a severe cut, and was behind on points again.

Smith came back in 1985, fighting on Don King undercards. He lost a 10-round decision to 19–0 amateur star and future world champ Tony Tubbs in an eliminator, won a 10-round decision over 18–1 Cuban contender José Ribalta, then dropped a wide 12-round decision to ex-world champ Tim Witherspoon in a bid for Witherspoon's NABF belt.

In 1986 he dropped Marvis Frazier, including breaking Frazier's jaw, but lost the 10-round decision. At this time, Bonecrusher began consulting a psychiatrist. In his next fight he beat ex-world champ Mike Weaver in one round. He followed it up with two 10-round decisions over Jesse Ferguson (14–2) and David Bey (15–2).

WBA Heavyweight Champion
In December 1986, while preparing for a fight with Mitch "Blood" Green, Don King informed him at short notice that Tony Tubbs had dropped out of his upcoming challenge to WBA champ Tim Witherspoon, and now Smith would be getting a rematch with Witherspoon. He dropped Witherspoon three times in the opening round, scoring a first-round knockout and winning the WBA title in an upset.

With his victory over Witherspoon, Smith took his place in the heavyweight unification series, an ongoing competition being conducted by HBO and King to crown an undisputed world heavyweight champion for the first time since the retirement of Muhammad Ali. The victory garnered Smith another fight, where he was to defend his belt against newly crowned WBC champion Mike Tyson in a unification contest. Taking place on March 7, 1987, the bout saw Tyson beat Smith to the punch in nearly every round, while Smith resorted to holding to keep himself in the fight. The decision saw Smith lose eleven rounds on two scorecards and all twelve on another.

Final years
Smith returned to the ring for a few months, taking on Brazilian contender Adilson "Maguila" Rodrigues in São Paulo and losing by split decision.

In 1989, now aged 36, he took on the Jamaican-Canadian Donovan (Razor) Ruddock. Ruddock won by knockout in the 7th round and Smith announced his retirement afterwards, declaring he would pursue politics.

Smith was back in the ring only two months later, KOing journeyman Calvin Jones, followed by three more knockouts before being matched with former victim Mike Weaver in a battle of hard hitting ex-champs. This time, Smith was resigned to having to win a dull 12-round points decision over Weaver, although he did score a knockdown in a brief moment of excitement. He also earned the WBA Americas belt and a world ranking.

After a year-long layoff he was back, now aged 38, and scored six knockouts. Achievements included a notable 8-round knockout of the cement-skulled journeyman Everett "Bigfoot" Martin (who had just taken George Foreman the distance) and a first-round knockout of Jeff Sims.

Smith lost his world ranking and all his momentum in November 1991 when he dropped a shocking 10-round decision to club fighter Levi Billups who had a patchy 15–5 record. Smith looked under-prepared as he was banged around and generally outhustled by Billups. Smith rallied to knock down the underdog in the 9th; however, it was too little too late.

Still active in 1992, now aged 39 and with a 33–9–1 record, Smith regained some credibility with a 10-round decision over Mark Wills. His old agitator Don King gave him another opportunity on one of his undercards and matched him with warhorse Greg Page, in a battle of two ex-champs. In the opening round, Bonecrusher tried to rush Page as he had done Witherspoon; however, Smith was decked for his efforts and outpunched by Page over the 10 round distance.

In 1993 Smith lost to undefeated southpaw and #1 contender Michael Moorer. The paying audience jeered the two passive fighters through to the 10 round finish, where Smith lost a lopsided decision.

Smith competed in the One-Night Heavyweight Tournament in Bay St Louis (not included in the official record, counted as show), where a group of heavies of varying quality would fight a series of 3 round fights with the winner being awarded one million dollars. He beat Lester Jackson and Marshall Tillman, before losing in the semi-final to Romanian prospect Daniel Dăncuţă. Smith's old buddy Tony (TNT) Tubbs eventually won the tournament.

In 1994 Smith was matched with power punching, Tyson-lookalike Lionel Butler, who was highly ranked and on a red-hot string of knockouts. Smith collapsed in 3 rounds with little resistance.

Later that year he traveled to Europe to drop a points decision to German Axel Schulz, and in Denmark he was stopped in 5 rounds due to a cut from a headbutt by Brian Nielsen. Smith was overweight for both fights and his days as a contender dwindled.

He fought on and off for a few more years. In 1998, he traveled to Australia to battle Joe Bugner for the WBF Heavyweight Championship, but had to retire after one round when his shoulder dislocated. The same injury ended a fight in 1999 with former world champion Larry Holmes. After this loss, Smith retired at the age of 46, touting a record of 44–17–1 (32 KOs).

In 1995, Smith helped establish the North Carolina Boxing Commission and served as the first chairman.

Life after boxing
Smith became an ordained minister in 1996 and dedicated his life to helping young people stay clear of crime and drugs. Three years later, he retired from boxing.

In 2004 Smith started the non-profit Champion For Kids Inc. to provide scholarships to high school students.

Smith began working as a recruiter and the Director of Intramural Athletics for Sandhills Community College in June 2005.

Deeply committed to helping impoverished fighters, Smith was a guest at the Ring 10 Veterans Boxing Foundation 2nd Annual Fundraiser in 2012, where he expressed his support of initiatives to better provide for those in need.

Smith is currently working with organizers to establish the Legend's of Boxing Hall of Fame in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

title: James Smith (boxer)


text: Talk:Hill Street Blues

title: Talk:Hill Street Blues


text:
Talk:Melt sandwich

untitled
when was the Tuna Melt popularized?

In this article appears the following rather odd statement: "ever popular among normal people is tuna without mayonnaise." The like or dislike of mayonnaise wouldn't appear to be a defining characteristic of "normal" or "abnormal" people... jmdeur 23:38 09 October 2008 (UTC)

Tuna only?
There are nearly nine times as many google hits for '"tuna melt" sandwich' as there are for '"melt sandwich" tuna'. I've never heard of melt sandwiches as tuna exclusive either, so I'm editing the article to make it more general.82.25.199.71 20:46, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 12:21, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

photo
Hey, @Wallu2, I'm not actually sure that's an improvement -- the cheese isn't melted, for instance. Most melt sandwiches are served with the cheese side up, because the meltiness then drips down over the rest of the filling. That sandwich just looks like a tuna salad sandwich with a slice of cheese on the bottom piece of toast rather than like a melt sandwich. Valereee (talk) 11:54, 29 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Melt sandwich


text:
User:CTR1874

From Ohio.

title: User:CTR1874


text:
Geometry template

A geometry template is a piece of clear plastic with cut-out shapes for use in mathematics and other subjects in primary school through secondary school. It also has various measurements on its sides to be used like a ruler. In Australia, popular brands include Mathomat and MathAid.

Mathomat and Mathaid
Mathomat is a trademark used for a plastic stencil developed in Australia by Craig Young in 1969, who originally worked as an engineering tradesperson in the Government Aircraft Factories (GAF) in Melbourne before retraining and working as head of mathematics in a secondary school in Melbourne. Young designed Mathomat to address what he perceived as limitations of traditional mathematics drawing sets in classrooms, mainly caused by students losing parts of the sets. The Mathomat stencil has a large number of geometric shapes stencils combined with the functions of a technical drawing set (rulers, set squares, protractor and circles stencils to replace a compass).

The template made use polycarbonate – a new type of thermoplastic polymer when Mathomat first came out – which was strong and transparent enough to allow for a large number of stencil shapes to be included in its design without breaking or tearing. The first template was exhibited in 1970 at a mathematics conference in Melbourne along with a series of popular mathematics teaching lesson plan; it became an immediate success with a large number of schools specifying it as a required students purchase. As of 2017, the stencil is widely specified in Australian schools, chiefly for students at early secondary school level. The manufacturing of Mathomat was taken over in 1989 by the W&G drawing instrument company, which had a factory in Melbourne for manufacture of technical drawing instruments. Young also developed MathAid, which was initially produced by him when he was living in Ringwood, Victoria. He later sold the company.

W&G published a series of teacher resource books for Mathomat authored by various teachers and academics who were interested in Mathomat as a teaching product.

title: Geometry template


text:
Talk:Principal McVicker

It's principal, not principle.

Fair use rationale for Image:BB-PrincipalMcVicker.jpg
Image:BB-PrincipalMcVicker.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 06:31, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Principal McVicker


text:
Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet

Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet, (22 April 1772 – 19 August 1853) was a British Royal Navy officer. As a captain he was present at the Battle of Cape St Vincent in February 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars and commanded the naval support at the reduction of Martinique in February 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars. He also directed the capture and Burning of Washington on 24 August 1814 as an advisor to Major General Robert Ross during the War of 1812. He went on to be First Naval Lord and in that capacity sought to improve the standards of gunnery in the fleet, forming a gunnery school at Portsmouth; later he ensured that the Navy had the latest steam and screw technology and put emphasis on the ability to manage seamen without the need to resort to physical punishment.

Naval career
Cockburn was born the second son of Sir James Cockburn, 8th Baronet and his second wife Augusta Anne Ayscough. He was educated at the Royal Navigational School and joined the Royal Navy in March 1781 as a Captain's servant in the sixth-rate HMS Resource. He joined the sloop HMS Termagant in 1787, transferred to the sloop HMS Ariel under the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies in 1788, and then became midshipman in the fifth-rate HMS Hebe in the Channel Squadron in 1791. He joined the fourth-rate HMS Romney in the Mediterranean Fleet later in 1791 and then became acting lieutenant in the fifth-rate HMS Pearl in 1792. He was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant on 2 January 1793, and became lieutenant on the brig-sloop HMS Orestes later that month before transferring to the first-rate HMS Britannia in the Mediterranean Fleet in February 1793 and then to the first-rate HMS Victory, Flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet, in June 1793. He became commander of the sloop HMS Speedy in October 1793 and acting captain of the fifth-rate HMS Inconstant in January 1794.

Cockburn was promoted to the substantive rank of captain on 10 February 1794 and given command of the fifth-rate HMS Meleager in the Mediterranean Fleet later that month. He took part in the blockade of Livorno in March 1795, and he was given command of the frigate HMS Minerve in August 1796, having been mentioned in despatches in May 1796. He fought a gallant action with the Spanish frigate Santa Sabina in January 1797 and was present at the battle of Cape St Vincent in February 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Minerve's boats' crews, in company with those of the frigate HMS Lively (1794), successfully cut out the French ship Mutine at Santa Cruz, Tenerife in May 1797.

Cockburn was given command of the fifth-rate HMS Phaeton on the East Indies Station in July 1803, of the third-rate HMS Captain in July 1806, and of the third-rate HMS Pompée in March 1808. He commanded the naval support at the reduction of Martinique in February 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars, for which he received the thanks of Parliament.

Cockburn commanded a squadron of warships for the landings in Walcheren in July 1809 during the Walcheren Campaign. He took command of the third-rate HMS Implacable off the coast of Spain in January 1810 and sailed to Quiberon Bay with a small squadron whose mission was to arrange the escape of the King of Spain, whom the French had imprisoned at the Château de Valençay. The mission failed when Ferdinand refused to have anything to do with the British. Cockburn was promoted to commodore, hoisting his broad pennant in the fourth-rate HMS Grampus in November 1811.

War of 1812
Cockburn was promoted to rear admiral on 12 August 1812, and hoisted his flag in the third-rate HMS Marlborough as commander of a squadron of ships off Cadiz. He was reassigned in November 1812 to the North American Station, where he played a major role in the War of 1812 as second-in-command to Admiral Sir John Warren until the end of March 1814, and then to Warren's successor Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane for the rest of the war.

He proceeded to lead forces which cruised up and down the Chesapeake Bay and other parts of the Atlantic coast in 1813 and 1814, seizing American merchant shipping, disrupting U.S. commerce, and raiding local ports. Warren "had been waging a pretty tepid campaign on the Atlantic seaboard, and the Admiralty decided that he could use an aggressive subordinate". Cockburn's prior military experience made him a suitable candidate for the role in the eyes of the Admiralty. Historian Steve Vogel compared Cockburn's raids on U.S. interests along the Eastern Seaboard to Sherman's March to the Sea during the American Civil War. The most important of Cockburn's involvements during the War was his role in the capture and burning of Washington on 24 August 1814, undertaken as an advisor to Major General Robert Ross. The plan to attack Washington had been formulated by Cockburn who accurately predicted that "within a short period of time, with enough force, we could easily have at our mercy the capital". A CBC News article described General Ross as less optimistic than Cockburn, having "never dreamt for one minute that an army of 3,500 men with 1,000 marines reinforcement, with no cavalry, hardly any artillery, could march 50 miles inland and capture an enemy capital".

Cockburn had reached Benedict, Maryland, via the Patuxent River with his warships; the troops then disembarked and marched to Washington to mount the attack. The 4,500 troops, commanded by Ross, successfully captured the capital city on 24 August 1814. Cockburn accompanied Ross and recommended burning the entire city. Ross decided instead to put only public buildings to the torch, including the White House and the United States Capitol, while sparing nearly all of the privately-owned properties.

Following the battle, Cockburn oversaw the destruction of the National Intelligencer newspaper's offices and printing house by his soldiers; he famously stated: "Be sure that all the C's are destroyed, so that the rascals cannot any longer abuse my name."

He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 4 January 1815.

Subsequent years
In August 1815, Cockburn was given the job of conveying Napoleon I in the third-rate HMS Northumberland to Saint Helena. Cockburn remained there for some months as governor of the island and Commander-in-Chief of the Cape of Good Hope Station. He was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 20 February 1818, and promoted to vice-admiral on 12 August 1819. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 21 December 1820.

Political career
Entering politics, Cockburn was elected Tory Member of Parliament for Portsmouth at the 1818 general election and was appointed a Junior Naval Lord in the Liverpool ministry in April 1818. He became Tory Member of Parliament for Weobly at the 1820 general election and, having become Major-General of the Royal Marine Forces on 5 April 1821 and a member of the Privy Council on 30 April 1827, he was elected Tory Member of Parliament for Plymouth at a by-election in June 1828. While serving as a Junior Naval Lord, he forced the resignation of the Duke of Clarence as Lord High Admiral in September 1828 for acting without the authority of the Board of the Admiralty. Cockburn was elevated to First Naval Lord in the Wellington ministry in September 1828 and in that capacity sought to improve the standards of gunnery in the fleet, forming a gunnery school at Portsmouth. He resigned when the Government fell from power in November 1830, but remained active in Parliamentary affairs, including leading the opposition to abolition of the Navy Board in 1832. After losing his seat in Parliament at the 1832 general election he returned to sea and became Commander-in-Chief of the North America and West Indies Station, hoisting his flag in the fourth-rate HMS Vernon, in December 1832.

Cockburn became First Naval Lord briefly again in the First Peel ministry in December 1834 but resigned when the Government fell from power in April 1835. He then returned to his old post as Commander-in-Chief of the North America and West Indies Station. Promoted to full admiral on 10 January 1837, he was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for Ripon at a by-election in September 1841 and also became First Naval Lord again in the Second Peel ministry later that month. As First Sea Lord he ensured that the Navy had latest steam and screw technology and put emphasis of the ability to manage seamen without the need to resort to physical punishment. He resigned when the Government fell from power in July 1846, became Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom on 10 August 1847 and was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 1 July 1851. He inherited the family baronetcy from his elder brother in February 1852 and died at Leamington Spa on 19 August 1853. He is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.

Cockburn Sound in Western Australia was named after him by Captain James Stirling in 1827. Cockburn Island, at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, was named for him by Sir James Clark Ross during his Antarctic expedition between 1839 and 1843. Cape Cockburn and Cockburn Bay on Nelson Island on the west coast of Canada were named after him.

Family
In 1809, Cockburn married his cousin Mary Cockburn. The couple had one surviving daughter, Augusta Harriot Mary Cockburn (d. 1869), who married Captain John Cochrane Hoseason.

Cockburn's descendants are writer Alexander Cockburn (1941-2012) and actress Olivia Wilde.

title: Sir George Cockburn, 10th Baronet


text:
File:LethalInjectionCoverArt.jpg

Summary
Description: The cover of Ice Cube's album Lethal Injection.

Source: The creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all derivative images is held by the artist or record company. Fair use is claimed regardless.

Fair use rationale for Lethal Injection (album)

 * 1) No free equivalent is available.
 * 2) The cover is intended for wide distribution and its use here does not detract from the album.
 * 3) The cover is low resolution and only the front portion is used.
 * 4) The cover has been previously published by retail outlets.
 * 5) The cover meets general Wikipedia content requirements.
 * 6) The cover meets Wikipedia's media-specific policy.
 * 7) The cover is used only in the said article.
 * 8) For an article about an album, the cover is one of the most relevant images that can be included.
 * 9) The cover is used in the article namespace.
 * 10) The source and copyright tag is identified for the cover.

Licensing
© Priority Records

title: File:LethalInjectionCoverArt.jpg


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HMS Mary Rose

Nine ships of the Royal Navy have been named Mary Rose. The first is thought to have been named after Mary Tudor, sister of King Henry VIII of England, and the rose, the symbol of the Tudor dynasty. Later Mary Roses are named after the first.

 * Mary Rose (1509) was a carrack launched in 1509. She was rebuilt in 1536, but sank in a battle against the French in the Solent in 1545. Part of her structure was raised in 1982 and is preserved in Portsmouth.
 * ENGLISH SHIP Mary Rose was a 39-gun galleon launched in 1556. She participated in the battles against the Spanish Armada in 1588, was rebuilt in 1589 and broken up in 1618.
 * ENGLISH SHIP Mary Rose was a 26-gun ship launched in 1623. She served in the Cádiz Expedition of 1625 and was wrecked off Flanders in 1650.
 * ENGLISH SHIP Mary Rose was a 32-gun ship, possibly a hired merchant vessel, in service between 1650 and 1654.
 * HMS Mary Rose (1654) was a 40-gun fourth rate launched in 1654 as Maidstone, and renamed after the Restoration in 1660. She was commanded by John Kempthorne and is best known for the Battle of Cádiz in 1669. She was captured by the French in 1691.
 * HMS Mary Rose was a 4-gun brig, previously the French tartane Maria Rose (or Marie-Rose). She was captured in 1799 off Acre and was sold in 1801.
 * HMS Mary Rose (1915) was an Admiralty M-class destroyer launched in 1915 and sunk in 1917 by the German cruisers SMS Brummer and SMS Bremse.
 * HMS Mary Rose (1918) was a tender purchased in 1918 and sold in 1922.
 * HMS Mary Rose (J360) was an Algerine-class minesweeper launched in 1943 and broken up in 1957.

Battle honours
Ships named Mary Rose have earned the following battle honours:
 * Armada, 1588
 * Cadiz, 1596
 * Lowestoft, 1665
 * Four Days' Battle, 1666
 * Orfordness, 1666
 * The Seven Algerines, 1669
 * Sole Bay, 1672
 * Schooneveld, 1673
 * Texel, 1673
 * Jutland, 1916
 * Scandinavian Convoys, 1917

Fiction

 * In the 1894 novel The Captain of the Mary Rose, by William Laird Clowes, Mary Rose was a battleship (similar to the Chilean Capitán Prat) bought by the Royal Navy to replace losses after a surprise attack by the French.

title: HMS Mary Rose


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User talk:Delief

Test. Delief 18:51, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

User Categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedia:Wikipedians/Canada page as living in or being associated with Newfoundland and Labrador. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Newfoundland & Labrador for instructions.--Rmky87 20:55, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia Canada
Hi there! I'd like to invite you to explore Wikimedia Canada, and create a list of people interested in forming a local chapter for our nation. A local chapter will help promote and improve the organization, within our great nation. We'd also like to encourage everyone to suggest projects for our national chapter to participate in. Hope to see you there! -- user:zanimum

title: User talk:Delief


text:
User:Azmaverick623

Hello all,

I am a ramper for US Airways/America West at PHX.

Leave a message if you want.

title: User:Azmaverick623


text: Category:Military of South Korea

title: Category:Military of South Korea


text:
Craven Arms

Craven Arms is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England. It is sited on the A49 road and the Welsh Marches railway line, which link it north and south to the larger towns of Shrewsbury and Ludlow respectively. The town is enclosed to the north by the Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and to the south is the fortified manor house of Stokesay Castle.

Craven Arms is a market town for the surrounding rural area, with a number of shops, estate agents, a supermarket, an abattoir and many commercial/light industrial businesses. It is also a visitor destination, being home or nearby to a number of attractions, and is a centre for visitors to the area of outstanding natural beauty. It describes itself as the Gateway to the Marches.

History
Craven Arms is a relatively new town (for Shropshire), being only a small village called Newton on a map of 1695. The settlement grew when the railway station came during the mid to late 19th century, making it a railway town. Newton or Newtown is still the name for the southeastern part of the present day town, while the northern part is called Newington or New Inn (another small village which existed prior to the town). The town takes its name from the Craven Arms Hotel, which was situated on the junction of the A49 and B4368 roads, which in turn is named after the Lords Craven (who owned nearby Stokesay Castle).

The civil parish of Craven Arms was formed in 1987 by the merging of two older parishes: Stokesay and Halford. These two older entities continued as parish wards; however, a review of the governance of the parish in 2012 concluded that these two wards would be abolished from May 2013. Small parts of the settlement overlap into neighbouring Wistanstow and Sibdon Carwood parishes.

Geography
Nearby towns are Bishop's Castle, Clun, Church Stretton and Ludlow, of which the last is the most substantial with 10,000 inhabitants.

The River Onny flows to the town's east and just over the river is the small village of Halford. To the south is the small village of Stokesay, while to the north is the village of Wistanstow.

Wenlock Edge is located to the north-east of the town and runs in a northeasterly direction, towards Much Wenlock.

Transport

Craven Arms railway station lies at the junction of the Welsh Marches Line and the Heart of Wales Line, 32 km south of Shrewsbury. All passenger trains calling at the station are operated by Transport for Wales, who also manage it. Most services run along a route between Carmarthen, Cardiff Central, Hereford, Shrewsbury, Crewe and Manchester Piccadilly; there are also irregular trains north to Holyhead and south-west to Llandrindod.

Minsterley Motors operate two bus routes which connect Craven Arms with Ludlow, Church Stretton, Shrewsbury and Pontesbury.

Attractions

There are three main visitor attractions in the Craven Arms civil parish. In the town there is the Shropshire Hills Discovery Centre, a centre featuring exhibits about the county's geography; and Stella Mitchell's Land of Lost Content Museum, a collection of 20th-century memorabilia. Stokesay Castle is a fortified manor house located within the parish, just south of the town.

Religious sites
Craven Arms is home to several churches. The Anglican parish church is the grade II listed church of St Thomas, outside the town in the village of Halford. The grade I listed Church of St John the Baptist, Stokesay is south of the town near Stokesay Castle. St Andrews Community Church in the town centre is "non-denominational, evangelical & charismatic", and there is a Methodist church, and a Jehovah's Witnesses Kingdom Hall. A small Islamic centre is in the town on Newton Street. It is the only mosque for the surrounding Shropshire Hills. The other nearest mosques are in Shrewsbury and Telford.

Recent development
The town has recently gone through a phase of expansion and this looks set to continue with the (2009 abolished) South Shropshire District Council stating that they wished to see the town become the district's second main market town (after Ludlow) by 2026. Much of the recent housing development is on the west side of the town, whilst commercial development is taking place more on the northern end. Development potential towards the east is restricted by the floodplain of the River Onny, whilst to the south lies the historically important Stokesay Castle.

The town centre itself has seen some notable developments in recent years, with new commercial buildings built on Dale Street by the A49 road. Additionally, to the immediate south of the town centre is the Shropshire Hills Discovery Centre which opened in 2001 and some new housing.

Notable people

 * Brian Farley (1927 in Craven Arms – 1962) an English professional footballer who played for Chelmsford City and Tottenham Hotspur.

Cultural links

 * Bruce Chatwin wrote On the Black Hill whilst staying at Cwm Hall near the town.
 * The film Atonement was filmed in part at Stokesay Court, three miles south of Craven Arms.

title: Craven Arms


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Mac Raboy

Emmanuel "Mac" Raboy (April 9, 1914 – December 12, 1967) was an American comics artist best known for his comic-book work on Fawcett Comics' Captain Marvel Jr. and as the Sunday comic-strip artist of Flash Gordon for more than 20 years. Cartoonist Drew Friedman has stated, "Raboy was an expert technician with pen and brush, and his lush covers are some of the most unusually beautiful ever to grace comic books".

Early life
Raboy was born in New York City on April 9, 1914, to a Jewish family. (The April 9 date is taken from Roger Hill's biography Mac Raboy: Master of the Comics. His birthdate has also been cited as April 17, 1914, in other sources. Hill's biography also gives his birth name as "Manuel", but Friedman's book Heroes Of The Comics lists it as "Emmanuel." ) Raboy's father had emigrated from Romania; the family name's spelling was changed from "Raboi". His father worked in a hat factory before moving to North Dakota for a time to work as a blacksmith and horse handler. He moved to Connecticut to work on the family dairy farm, and finally settled in the Bronx. His father wrote poetry, political essays, and several books, including The Jewish Cowboy, about his North Dakota experience.

Career
Raboy began his art career with the Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression. In the 1940s he began working with the Harry A. Chesler studio of comics artists. Raboy began drawing comic books and gained fame as the illustrator for Captain Marvel, Jr. and the Green Lama. Raboy was a great admirer of Alex Raymond, and "kept a portfolio of Alex Raymond's "Flash Gordon" comics by his side for inspiration and guidance as he worked". In the spring of 1946, King Features hired Raboy to continue the Sunday page adventures of Flash Gordon, which he continued to work on until his death.

Death
Raboy was diagnosed with cancer in 1967, and died that December. Hill's biography gives the date as December 22; other sources have listed it as December 12.

title: Mac Raboy


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User talk:66.154.152.20

January 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Terra Amata, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found here. Thank you. Vrenator (talk) 16:36, 5 January 2011 (UTC)

January 2012
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Talk:God, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. The reverted edit can be found [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=470476135 here]. Glacialfox (talk) 18:33, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

April 2012
Thank you for your interest in editing Wikipedia. Your edit on the page Mediterranean Basin was successful, but because it was not considered beneficial to the page, the edit has been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment with editing, please use the sandbox instead. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. WikiPuppies! (bark) 20:35, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

Dougweller (talk) 20:53, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

May 2012
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Red-tailed Black Cockatoo with this edit, did not appear to be constructive, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you.   Wikipelli Talk   16:05, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Battle of Gettysburg, Third Day cavalry battles. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. –  Teammm Let's Talk! :) 16:24, 8 May 2012 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize pages by deliberately introducing incorrect information, as you did to Tercet with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. QU TalkQu 21:51, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Battle of Gettysburg, First Day, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. ⋙–Berean–Hunter—► 20:34, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
 * If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

—S MALL JIM   16:22, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:66.154.152.20


text:
São Bartolomeu de Regatos

São Bartolomeu de Regatos is a parish in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo on the island of Terceira in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 1,983, in an area of 25.00 km². The parish lies at an elevation of 22 metres. It contains the localities Calçada, Canada da Igreja, Carneiros, Cruz dos Regatos, Cova dos Regatos, Outeirão, Outeiro, Pesqueiro, Regatos, São Bartolomeu dos Regatos and São José.

title: São Bartolomeu de Regatos


text:
Ulla Jürß

Ulla Erna Frieda Jürß (born 2 August 1923) was a female Nazi and a concentration camp guard. It is unclear in her file when Jürß became a camp guard (estimated between 1942 and 1944).

Jürß was born in Rabenhorst, Germany. She went to Ravensbrück concentration camp where she was trained as an Aufseherin and served in several capacities. She was later promoted to the rank of Blockführerin, and had over 600 women under her control. She was reportedly a brutal block overseer in the camp. In October 1944 she was relieved from duty and went back home.

She was not tracked down until 1966, and until then, lived quietly in East Germany. That year, she was charged with crimes against humanity. An East German court found her and two other former guards, Ilse Göritz and Frida Wötzel, and sentenced them to life imprisonment. Jürß was released in May 1991. After her release, she filed a petition for rehabilitation and compensation for the time she spent in prison. The petition was denied. It is not known whether Jürß is still alive.

title: Ulla Jürß


text:
T'Pau

T'Pau may refer to:
 * T'Pau (Star Trek), a character in the Star Trek universe
 * T'Pau (band), a British musical group from the late 1980s, named for the Star Trek character
 * T'Pau, the US title for the T'Pau album Bridge of Spies

title: T'Pau


text:
Talk:Awami League

Edits
Some grammatical errors corrected. Some spelling errors corrected. Duplicate links removed. The only factual change is the removal of the word "dictatorships" as used to refer to Zia and Ershad's rules, and modification of the information centering around the recent conflicts.

History of Awami League
It was not founded as 'East Pakistan Awami League'. It was founded as 'Awami Muslim League' to distinct it from 'Muslim League' which was mostly dominated by ellite of that time. Later the word 'Muslim' was cut to make it more seculer and attract considerable hindu minority in East Pakistan. It was founded by 'Hussain Shaheed Soharwardi'. This is the reason 'Awami League' Hides it history if you don't believe do a search on their website no mention of any history of the party! . and not surprisingly no mention of the Creator of the party on entire website. Please for confirmation check. I am entering the information in a way that it won't be offending for many people.
 * Zain 19:06, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Note: I am adding that AL was originally a breakaway faction of "All Pakistan Muslim League." However, AL claims that it wanted to represent all people not just Muslim, that's why dropped the word "Muslim." Please no politically motivated speech. Chronologically: "All Pakistan Muslim League" > "All Pakistan Awami Muslim League" > "All Pakistan Awami League" > "Awami League" > "Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League" > "Bangladesh Awami League." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.208.182 (talk • contribs).

International affiliation
I'm not sure how any of these affiliations are justified. What links the Democratic Party of USA, Indian National Congress and the UK Labour Party? The ideologies of these parties are not quite the same. Unless any proof is provided, I'd prefer to remove all such "affiliations". --Ragib 18:33, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Note: It is really fishy: I don't think even AL claims these affiliations. However, all these parties help AL to some extent or other in real life but that can't be called "affiliation." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.208.182 (talk • contribs).

Awami League is well known as democratic party through out the World.Awami leagues branch organisations of Germany,Great Britain,France,Italy and many other EU countries maintain sound relationship with many political parties and social organisations of EU. In some countries these party activist are very well accepted as local party activist.Due to the Military take Over of 1975 and assassination of Father of the Nation Bango Bhandhu Sk.Mujibur Rahman Awami League have highest number of foreign activist and they all well organised.Awami League in EU or USA is capable to call a demonstration  and capable to make it  successful in big Cities like New york,Los-Angeles,Dallas,Chicago,Berlin,Paris,London,Madrid,Stockholm.Oslo,Amsterdam,Brussels,Copenhagen,Helsinki,Warsaw,Moscow,Kiev and many other EU  cities and villages even, same is the case with Asia-Pacific countries.In Scandinavian countries,Great Britain and Germany and all most all EU countries AL  party activist are connected the main stream politics. During the ruling of  last Care taker Government ,the protest action of AL activists of  the above mentioned countries   were covered by well stabilised International  news media and created enormous pressure to relise  political detainees including our President Sk.Hasina Wazed.EU Awami League created pressure on EU head office in Brussels  in order to create further political pressure on  Bangladesh Military Govt. after 1975 several times. These series of political activities were only  possible  by   party activist for having  strong ties with the central AL Office of  Bangladesh and AL activist have enough confidence on Party President Sk.Hasina Wazed.She is the source of power and steering of Awami  ideology.The party is very well known and affiliated with British Labour Party,Conservative Parties as well Democrats and Republican in USA.In Germany Awami League is well connected with SPD,CDU,CSU and the Alliance 90 Green party.In Sweden with Social democratic party.The Austrian and Greece  Awami League are two strongest base of EU AL.If some one need any help,the party activist will be too glad to help any one  regardless to their party origin,religion etc.AL activists  help gladly Bangladesh Citizen but other citizen can seek help from AL  activist through out Europe and North America. One who has written the above article must be very busy with his education or business or some thing else. The current Awami League is bigger than ever before and are affiliated with many many organisations of the World.The party activist are well organised and are getting bigger and united day by day.......... If these are not enough then for further documentary evidence please contact AL Head Office in Bangladesh --Frankfurt55 (talk) 01:33, 24 July 2012 (UTC)--Frankfurt55 (talk) 01:33, 24 July 2012 (UTC)

Restoring NPOV
"in the 18 democratic years"

History does not make distinction between democratic and undemocratic years. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 202.92.56.28 (talk • contribs).

 * Note: 1975-1990 democratic? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.208.182 (talk • contribs).

"failed to some extent"

False statement. "The government failed". Please act like an adult. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 202.92.56.28 (talk • contribs).

 * Note: Better try acting neutral. The UN predicted half-a-million death in 1972 alone, to start with. And consider the left over Pakistan lovers. Extreme communists. Jasod. Sorbohara. No one's claiming total success for the first AL government, but total failure? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.208.182 (talk • contribs).

"As Bangladesh continued exporting jute to Egypt violating US economic sanction, the Nixon government barred food-grain supplies from reaching the country that Bangladesh had already paid for."

Requires citation of historic documents and references. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 202.92.56.28 (talk • contribs).

 * Note: Please check Bengali or English books on 1972-1975 by any writer; if you like then ones by people opposing Mujib all the way. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.208.182 (talk • contribs).

"mostly revolutionary communist elements"

False! All political opponents were targeted. And it was preceded by no insurgency. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 202.92.56.28 (talk • contribs).

 * Note: Bangladesh did not have almost any right wing party at that time, and all the parties other than AL rallied behind Jasod. The Sorboharas were blowing police stations, district adminstrative offices, looting banks, killing MP's, demanding a communist state ruled by Jasod (Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal or National Socialist Party). What else to make it an insurgency? Also, the remnants and offsprings of the Sorbohara still exist in south-west, re-emerging after 2000 after a few years gap. They are still considered insurgents as capable of India's Naxals or Maoists to much extent. Please contradict me if you know better, but please don't if you just read about these. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.208.182 (talk • contribs).

"massacre"

It does not qualify as massacre. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 202.92.56.28 (talk • contribs).

 * Note: Well, as you define it. For some people killing two means massacre, for some 3 million is too little. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.208.182 (talk • contribs).

More changes are required to make this article objective. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 202.92.56.28 (talk • contribs).

 * Note: Then why don't you make it objective rather than going blindly bashing anyone? History is about telling the truth not calculating who is to be blamed. Please help better the article than trying to politicise it. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 160.39.208.182 (talk • contribs).

Rapid Action Battalion
Please could any interested editors please view the new article about the Rapid_Action_Battalion, since it has been started from scratch. Cheers, Tompsci 15:08, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

Sajib Wazed Joy
The paragraph regarding Joy seems irrelevant and based on speculation only. It should be removed.

Introduction
Edited the previous one into a more comprehensive one. --ChaudhryAzan (talk) 16:02, 25 May 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Bangladesh Awami League
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Bangladesh Awami League's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Banglapedia": From Chittagong:  From Bengali Language Movement:  From Sylhet:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 20:56, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

insufficient information on AL page
I ENTERED THE OFFICIAL WEB SITE OF BANGLADESH AWAMI LEAGUE,I WANTED TO SEE THE LIST OF ELECTED PARLIAMENT MEMBERS OF 1996 ELECTIONS WITH FULL INFORMATION,ie LIST WITH BIO & PICTURE.I HAVE A RELATIVE WHO WAS ELECTED PARLIAMENT MEMBER IN 1996 ELECTIONS,BUT I WAS DISAPPOINTED NOT TO FIND HIM OR HIS PICTURE.MPs WHO HAVE HELPED MADE AWAMI LEAGUE WINNER IN 1996 AFTER SO LONG TIME SHOULD GET MORE CREDIT.THEIR NAMES,PICTURES & SHORT BIO WOULD GIVE THEM SATISFACTION & HONOR. THANKS. JEWEL — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.200.63.140 (talk) 16:31, 31 March 2013 (UTC)

Year 1976 -1981
History of 1976- 1981 is missing .Also History about the leaders of that period /time who were the true trusted friend and followers of Our Father of the nation & Bangobondhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.(e.g.Late Mrs.Zohra Taj uddin ,Late Abdul Malek Ukil (X President Bangladesh Awami league) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.223.94.184 (talk) 00:04, 11 February 2014 (UTC)

Idealogy in infobox
While today's AL has no idealogy, removing social liberalism and social democracy from the infobox is unacceptable and politically motivated. Keep in mind, this party was once the region's leading liberal democratic force aside from the Congress in India.--Uck22 (talk) 18:11, 20 May 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Bangladesh Awami League. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090315031859/http://www.albd.org:80/autoalbd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=125&Itemid=50 to http://www.albd.org/autoalbd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=125&Itemid=50
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090802084909/http://www.thedailystar.net:80/magazine/2009/07/05/cover.htm to http://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2009/07/05/cover.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:16, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

Unexplained removal
If there's Bengali text, what sense does it make to say "translated from Urdu"? --Salma Mahmoud (talk) 23:15, 21 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Bengali text is there for Transliteration, not for Translation. Awami/Awam both are Urdu words, nerver adopted or used by Bengalis for common people or general public.

What was quite funny though was the fact that some Awami League ( was founded as All Pakistan Awami Muslim League in Dhaka, the capital of the then Pakistani province of East Bengal) politicians criticise ‘Zindabad’ word for its urdu origin but their party bear a urdu name and awami party  flag also bears a close resemblance to the flag of Pakistan!! in 2011; a survey also found that most of Bangladeshis even don't know the meaning of awam. ;-))))---Gaurh (talk) 10:25, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Its only there for transliteration now because you've edited it to say so. Either way, your proposition still doesn't make any sense because I'm pretty sure that "league" isn't a Bengali word either; so its quite redundant to include "translated from Urdu" in the lead paragraph of an article about a Bengali party that, as you've pointed out, wants to distance themselves from Urdu. --Salma Mahmoud (talk) 20:20, 23 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Indeed "league" isn't a Bengali word but "adopted urdu" (loan) word (لیگ) borrowings from English language. You can ask or may request awami politicians to rename their party! If possible, start RFC, good luck!—Gaurh (talk) 09:18, 24 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Bengali Translation of "Bangladesh Awami League" is "বাংলাদেশ গণসংঘ" Bānlādēśa gaṇasaṅgha- "Bangladesh Ganasangha"—Gaurh (talk) 00:17, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

Ideology and position in infobox
As a result of a recent minor dispute, the last true ideology (outside of nationalist and patriotic tendencies) has been removed. It would however be nice to have a proper ideology with a functional source present to accurately describe the party. Such sources needs to mention the ideologies themselves, and being member of an organization does not guarantee a certain ideology. As for the source itself, it must be considered reliable. It doesn't really matter what language it is written in, though english would be prefeered because this is english wikipedia. If anyone were to find a source backing the position as well, that would be highly appreciated! Vif12vf/Tiberius (talk) 17:58, 6 January 2019 (UTC)

AL or BAL
According to the party and sources it is AL, therefore we should use that.Vinegarymass911 (talk) 13:06, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

 * AL is acceptable as long as it is sourced, but no way does the abbreviation need 12 sources, all put in the lead! About 2-4 could be put besides the abbreviation in the infobox and that would be enough! Having 12 sources for just the abbreviation alone is quite over-excessive, but perhaps some of the sources recently added might have other uses in the article instead? Vif12vf/Tiberius (talk) 14:28, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

First sentence
The first sentence has become unwieldy. Setting aside the question of references for a moment, I suggest the text be changed from: "The Bangladesh Awami League (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ; translated from Urdu: Bangladesh People's League), often simply called the Awami League or AL, is one of the two major political parties of Bangladesh."

to: "The Bangladesh Awami League (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ; commonly abbreviated as AL), is one of the two major political parties of Bangladesh."

The revised construction borrows from good article Progress Party (Norway), another political party whose common abbreviation (FrP) is not necessarily intuitive from their full English name. The change would better serve our readers and better align with policies and guidelines.
 * Omitting the translation from Urdu: According to MOS:LEAD, the lead should summarize the body with appropriate weight. The Urdu translation doesn't appear in the body, so it shouldn't appear in the lead. Perhaps it should be added to the body, but even if it were, it wouldn't belong in the lead because it isn't one of the most important points about the party, any more than it's essential that the linguistic root of the name "Labour Party" is Latin or "Democratic Party" is Greek.
 * Omitting the common shortening to Awami League: Much as with MOS:INITIALS for people or the legal status suffix for companies, it is not necessary to explain that Bangladesh Awami League is usually called Awami League. That is an obvious shortening and from the article title being "Awami League" it's plain that it is common.

Returning to the question of references, scholarly works are preferred. I earlier offered: Fukui, Haruhiro (1985) Political parties of Asia and the Pacific. Greenwood Press. p. 39, 41-42. If that it still considered unacceptable, then perhaps: Day, Alan John (2002) Political Parties of the World. John Harper (or the 2009 edition by Sagar, D. J.). I'm reluctant to use a source without consulting the full text, which I will not be able to do for a while, but a Google snippet of page 38 suggests that it might serve. If the official-ness of the abbreviation is the sticking point, then perhaps https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/re-elect-awami-league-keep-progress-pm-sheikh-hasina-1676386 would help, since it quotes the leader of the party for the past 38 years calling it "AL".

If consensus can be reached on the first sentence, then I believe it will be fairly easy to reach a consensus on the infobox. --Worldbruce (talk) 06:40, 16 January 2019 (UTC)

 * I think your proposed version of the first sentence is a good idea. Having urdu in the article is a bit weird though considering it is not an official language in Bangladesh. According to the article about the country, 98% speaks bengali or "bangla". Vif12vf/Tiberius (talk) 15:20, 16 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Awami is a Urdu word, it has no meaning in Bangla, which is why it says translated from Urdu. The English meaning should be present because it is an English Language encyclopedia. Vinegarymass911 (talk) 15:35, 16 January 2019 (UTC)
 * @Vinegarymass911, @Worldbruce I Think Awami League, this political organizations name is Bangladesh Awami League according their official website. Ref: https://albd.org/, This should be changes. Is it? Prodipto Deloar (Talk • Contribute) 05:20, 19 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Huh? I can't understand what you're asking or proposing. --Worldbruce (talk) 06:04, 19 December 2021 (UTC)
 * @Worldbruce I propose that This article name change with Bangladesh Awami League name. Prodipto Deloar (Talk • Contribute) 06:09, 19 December 2021 (UTC)
 * No, it should not be changed. "Awami League" is the WP:COMMONNAME of the party, so that's what the name of the article should be. "Bangladesh Awami League" is the official name of the party, which is why it appears in the first sentence. --Worldbruce (talk) 06:31, 19 December 2021 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
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Merger proposal
There are so many organization for a political party, specially when the party is ruling. I think this is not independent organization. Nahid Hossain (talk) 08:50, 20 November 2018 (UTC)

 * It is new concept, one and only political party Think tank in BD and quite common in Europe and American countries. that's why you people may knew not. You people are used to know only chhata dol and matha league, which are different cheap things. so stop with lame excuse! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A0A:A541:3AD0:0:A5FA:92B6:FF1C:9F95 (talk) 20:37, 27 November 2018 (UTC)

Not notable as per Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations. Hence, it should be merged. Thanks. - St.teresa (talk) 13:58, 18 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Support merging
 * Support should be merged. ~ Nahid Talk 10:51, 19 December 2018 (UTC)

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 * Badge of the Awami League.png

Social liberalism
I think the one source supporting social liberalism makes it WP:UNDUE weight for the infobox. I'd also argue it is outdated. We have reliable sources stating that the party is authoritarian, has acted against free speech, arrested critics, censored the media and cracked down on LGBT people. These actions are completely against the ideology of social liberalism. Helper201 (talk) 12:25, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

 * AL was still authoritarian & anti-LGBT when the source was published (in 2018). I've previously said that liberal, progressive & secular politics in Bangladesh (specifically, in a conservative Islamic country) cannot be defined in the general global perspective & most of the local independent & reliable sources cite AL as secular & liberal/social liberal. Also, homosexuality isn't a recurring topic in Bangladesh and most political parties ignore as most of the population are conservative and against the legalization of homosexuality. Also, AL was the first govt. to recognize and protectionize third gender & transgenders (Hijras) Wiki N Islam (talk) 13:03, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Social liberalism and liberalism in general have a globally defined meaning, of which this party clearly doesn't meet. Wikipedia is a global and international platform and we define parties via global standards of what constitutes various ideologies like liberalism, not what is considered liberalism in a specific country. Even if one ignores the LGBT aspect (which is illiberal to crackdown on LGBT regardless of location), being authoritarian, acting against free speech, arresting critics and censoring media is universally illiberal. Helper201 (talk) 13:12, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Ok, but AL is still social liberal fiscally. And I hope you will find a reliable source to add secularism cause AL is the national platform for secularism in Bangladesh and Bangladeshis will suspect the relevance of Wikipedia for the absence of secularism in the article. Many local & regional (i.e. Indian) sources cited AL as secular. Wiki N Islam (talk) 13:35, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Social liberalism is primarily a social ideology, hence the name, so adding it is problematic since the party is not liberal in regards to its social ideology, so that could lead to a lot of confusion for the average reader. In regards to secularism I think this has been questioned in multiple regards. Such as the party not speaking out when secularists and atheists have been killed, as cited on this page. I've also got a source here there explicitly states "the supposedly secular Awami League", putting this ideology into question. And this one that states "the Awami League appears to be falling short in defending Bangladesh’s secularism". And another author states "Both the Awami League and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party have Islamist allies and wear their religious identity with pride." We still have the "Ideology" section of this article which outlines that the party self-defines as secular, which I think is a good compromise. To what degree the party is still secular as of 2023 is definitely questionable. Helper201 (talk) 14:05, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Dear,
 * you have extreme misconceptions. Awami leauge is still standing for secularism and is giving rights to transgender and other minorities. It still strongly stands for secularism. As for attacks on athiest bloggers, that is questionable as Awami league took firm action against the killers and even gave them death sentence. Once again, I repeat there is evidence that awami league isnt right wing and still stands for secularism. Also, authotorianism and liberism is not really same thing and there are many secular leaders like Suharto that was authotorian.By the way sheikh hasina won the elections democratically so she is not actually authotorian but acts authotorian towards illiterate journalists. 2607:FEA8:A75B:7100:5A4:16B3:2839:64DB (talk) 15:43, 17 March 2024 (UTC)
 * You are right. I support adding Secularism & Social liberalism in the ideology. We can't hide it for a long time. Wiki N Islam (talk) 08:44, 6 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I've provided multiple sources above that contradict this. Helper201 (talk) 18:46, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

Ideology
@Helper201 I think the best will be to add in the ideology section of the Infobox is Social liberalism, secularism, environmentalism and pro-Indianism. We have some reliable sources to justify these. Most of the South Asian parties have dual nature: ideological & pragmatic. Most often, these policies contradict each other (Exception: Indian National Congress). Though AL is pragmatically authoritarian & sightly moderate Islamist, it's more liberal & secular than it's archrival BNP in ideological course. It's not Bengali nationalist anymore, coz it doesn't anymore promote Bengali reunification. Moreover, it works for the rights of Jumma people, notably Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord & addition of the article concerning the tribal rights in the Constitution. Wiki N Islam (talk) 05:25, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

 * , disagree, I think we should keep things as they are. I've outlined the multiple issues with the claims of social liberalism and secularism in the above discussion. We don't rate parties on how they differ from their rivals but how they are defined on an international fact-based analysis. The nuanced nature of the main text which describes and makes clear how the party self-defines is a good compromise here. Helper201 (talk) 11:42, 17 February 2024 (UTC)
 * we can't keep it hide for a long time. We have to come to a consensus about the ideology. AL isn't Bengali nationalist for sure. So it's either be considered as secular or liberal. Most of the local third-party source describes AL secular. More reliable sources can be found also. Wiki N Islam (talk) 09:22, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

Awami leaague is not a right wing party at all
Hi dear, there are some users that are making up false assumptions that Awami league is right wing when it stands for opposite. Awami league does not stand for muslim league and even was behind the liberation of bangladesh. Awami league bought back secularism in bangladesh and intended to destroy religious fanatics. Once again, i have provided valuable information as well as enough evidence to support claim that Awami league isnt right wing and defiantly stands for left wing. 2607:FEA8:A75B:7100:5A4:16B3:2839:64DB (talk) 16:12, 17 March 2024 (UTC)

"The Independence"
Minor issue that says that Awami League lead Bangladesh to "the independence" should be it's independence 121.45.107.215 (talk) 04:19, 13 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Awami League


text: User talk:144.92.88.235

title: User talk:144.92.88.235


text:
Sully Erna

Salvatore Paul Erna Jr. (born February 7, 1968) is an American singer, musician, and songwriter, best known as the vocalist and rhythm guitarist for rock band Godsmack. He is also a harmonica player, drummer, and percussionist, performing these on albums and at live shows. He was ranked 47th in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader.

Early life
Sully Erna was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts. He began playing drums at the age of three. His father, Salvatore Erna Sr., was a trumpet player from Sicily and would rehearse in the basement where Sully would watch. His great-uncle was a famous composer in Sicily. At the age of 11, Erna discovered that it was easier for him to listen to something and play it than read sheet music. He stopped taking lessons and practiced at home, rehearsing to records by Aerosmith, Led Zeppelin, Motörhead, and Rush.

Musical career
At 14, Dave Vose became Erna's new instructor. He signed his first record deal in 1993 with a band called Strip Mind. Their debut album What's in Your Mouth sold fewer than 50,000 units. Some of the band members (mainly the singer) and Erna didn't get along, and Erna was booted out. They split-up shortly after.

In Godsmack concerts, Erna plays the bongos and a large drum set, staging a drumming duel known as "Batalla de los Tambores" with drummer Shannon Larkin. This battle has become a staple of the band's live show. He is also a harmonica player as present on the Godsmack song "Shine Down".

In 2010, Erna released his first solo album Avalon. The album took seven years to complete and differed stylistically from Godsmack. Erna wrapped up his acoustic tour with one final show at The House of Blues in Las Vegas, Nevada on June 28.

Erna has also worked with his local music scene. In April 2005, he participated in New Hampshire's Battle of the Bands Competition. The winner (a band called Zion who hails from Salem) had the opportunity to record a demo at Erna's California studio.

Solo work
Erna told Glam-Metal.com that doing his first solo shows were "extremely nerve-wracking", adding, "My first show, I was really, really nervous. Honestly, I haven't been that nervous since I was, I don't know, maybe 10 years old at a talent show or something." Erna kicked off his first solo acoustic trek on May 1 in Niagara Falls, New York and closed it out on May 31 in Las Vegas. The shows have combined Godsmack songs with a few new originals and covers ranging from the Beatles to Alice in Chains to the theme from Love Story.

Regarding how he went about selecting the material used for his solo show, Erna said, "I wanted to stick a couple of originals in and try them out because there was a couple of songs that were done on the piano or the guitar that I wrote that I don't think I would use on a GODSMACK record", he said. "For example, 'Eyes of a Child' and 'Until Then'. It was a great opportunity to showcase that and see if I can hit home with the people on those two pieces. Those songs are the most emotional pieces of the evening. One song is about children born with or dying from AIDS and the other is about a tribute to the troops of the United States Armed Forces."

Erna told The Pulse of Radio that playing some new material live is a good way for him to test out songs that might not work for Godsmack. "We're all musicians and we like to write music and not necessarily rock all the time", he said. "So, you know, if I sit home and I'm writing on the piano and sometimes just cool songs are written that don't necessarily fit maybe what you do with Godsmack, but you don't wanna not record them." Erna stated at the time that he planned to work on his first solo album.

On March 4, 2009, Blabbermouth.net reported that Erna had completed work on his first solo album, Avalon, released September 14, 2010. Although, the single Sinner's Prayer will be on radio stations and on sale everywhere August 3, 2010. Erna described the album as being "a very different kind of sounding record", and "a huge departure from anything I've ever done." The album includes Lisa Guyer on vocals, Tim Theriault on guitars and vocals, Chris Decato on keyboards, midi and vocals, Chris Lester on acoustic guitars and bass, classically trained Irina Chirkova of Bulgaria on Cello, Niall Gregory of Ireland Dead Can Dance on drums and percussion and David Stephanelli on drums and percussion.

Three days later, Rockerrazzi.com posted an interview with Erna in which he said that the record "should be out in the next two months". In further describing the album's sound, Erna said that "it's very eclectic" and "tribal" with "a lot of hand drumming" and "beautiful piano compositions". He also stated that he "worked with a percussion session for Dead Can Dance" and that the album will feature Lisa Guyer, who had performed backing vocals for the song "Hollow" on Godsmack's previous album.

Erna's debut solo album is titled Avalon, and was released on September 14, 2010. He released a live DVD, Avalon Live, in fall of 2012.

Erna released a very special limited-edition Avalon box set in November as well as a DVD of the Erna performing songs from his debut solo album, Avalon, on December 16, 2011, at The Wilbur Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts. The collection includes the double-disc Avalon Live, The Making of Avalon Live 40 minute documentary, The Journey to Avalon documentary, and a DVD of bloopers and outtakes. The box set also contains a pair of CDs – the original Avalon album and the Avalon Live show recording. Other items that are part of the collection include two CDs, a book, T-shirt, guitar pick, poster, incense, etc., and a custom metal Sully Erna engraved metal box with a suede lining. Only 5,000 copies were available. A single disc standard and Blu-ray version of the show was released on December 18, 2012.

In an interview with HardDrive, Erna mentioned that he will do another solo album; although, details have not been revealed yet. In July 2016, it was announced that Erna will release his second solo album Hometown Life on September 30, 2016. The album has since been released. Hometown Life includes a song "Turn It Up", for which Erna invited his father into the recording studio to play trumpet on the track. His father performed the song live with Erna at a Sully Erna solo show.

Film and music video appearances
Erna is good friends with Criss Angel and has participated in several episodes of the Criss Angel Mindfreak TV show. Erna's contributions to the discography of Criss Angel include co-writing and performing Mindfreak's new theme song "MF2". Erna appears in the music video along with Criss Angel and Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin.

Erna appeared in episode 7 of the 2007 TV series Dirt. Erna has been named to the cast of Woodhaven Pictures Army of the Damned. In 2016, he appeared as a Caesar's blackjack dealer in the Martin Scorsese-produced film Bleed for This. Erna has reportedly signed on to appear in the movie Street Level. He also stars in a new independent action-thriller called Black Files.

In 2017, Erna appeared in the Bulgarian film Benzin (director Asen Blatechki).

Memoir
Erna released a memoir entitled The Paths We Choose on his birthday, February 7, 2007. The book details his struggles during the first 30 years of his life, up until the time Godsmack landed a record deal.

"The book is basically just my life from the time I was born until Godsmack started", Erna said. "I wanted to write about the whole experience of trying to get there, and hopefully that will inspire some people that maybe are still in the ghettos or trying to dig their way out of a hole. I mean, we're all human and we weren't born rock stars. So I think there's an interesting story to tell of the pain and struggling. You know, being middle classed and being raised in crazy neighborhoods. If kids can see that they'll be able to relate to anything they have a dream for."

The book sold 100,000 copies in its first month of release, and to date has shipped 1,000,000 copies worldwide.

Life Story Documentary
"I Stand Alone: The Sully Erna Story" is a documentary film, produced, edited, and co-written by Noah Berlow, with direction by Troy Smith, providing a glimpse into Sully Erna's remarkable journey from adversity to triumph in the music industry.

Poker
Erna participated in the 2006 World Series of Poker main event, in which he made a brief appearance on the ESPN broadcast of the event; it was mentioned that he was the last of the celebrity entries. He finished in 713th out of 8,773 earning him $17,730.

Erna also played in the 2007 World Series of Poker main event. After the elimination of Tobey Maguire, Erna was the final celebrity remaining. He placed in 237th out of a field of 6,358, earning $45,422. To complement his placing at the World Series of Poker, he placed 2nd in a preliminary event at Bellagio's 5 Diamond World Poker Classic, where he lost to J.C Tran but earned $307,325 as a consolation.

Erna also competed in the 2007 VH1 Celebrity Rock and Roll Tournament with Ace Frehley, Vinnie Paul, Scott Ian, and Dusty Hill. Erna took second, losing to Scott Ian of Anthrax.

Erna returned to play in the 2013 World Series of Poker. "I'm making my comeback! I've studied the game. I'm getting the itch to play poker again", Erna said during an interview with Playbook.

2010 Haiti earthquake
Godsmack, Creed, and Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello are some of the musicians who partnered with multimedia company DC3 Music Group to fundraise and pack an MD-80 airplane with supplies and medical personnel to help in the 2010 Haiti earthquake. According to a press release, the plane was scheduled to leave from Long Beach, California, on January 27, 2010, and bring 10,000 pounds of medical supplies, along with doctors and medical staff, to Port-au-Prince.

Erna said in a statement, "Since I can't be there to help in person, I want to make my contribution as a fellow human being to give what I can while I'm in the fortunate situation that I am to help those that are so unfortunate in this time of tragedy."

Hometown Sessions
Erna launched a bi-weekly web series on YouTube called Hometown Sessions. The talk show has Erna hosting celebrity guests. He explained about the contents of the show: "Every Tuesday I will be bringing on celebrity guests, musician friends and talking all things music. You never know, you may even catch some unique live performances from time to time. Thursdays will be reserved for 'real talk' about 'real life,' as we invite some of the top experts in to talk about mental health, struggles with addiction, depression, bullying and so much more!"

Personal life
Erna has a daughter, Skylar, born in 2001. Erna is a longtime fan of the New England Patriots, having sung the national anthem prior to home games in Foxborough on numerous occasions.

Religious views
Erna was a practicing Wiccan early in his career. His spirituality influences some of his songwriting to include the song "Spiral" from Godsmack's second album Awake and Releasing the Demons from their third album Faceless. He has stated publicly, however, that he "didn't want to be the poster boy for witchcraft." He has also said that he does not follow any specific religion; "I'm just a spiritual person; I believe in karma and things like that. But religion is an ugly word to me."

Car accident
Erna was involved in a three-car chain-reaction accident in Methuen, Massachusetts, when his Hummer H3 and two others collided at an intersection. "He's deeply concerned for the girl who was hurt in this unfortunate accident", said Erna's manager Paul Geary, in reference to 25-year-old Chelmsford resident Lindsay Taylor. "Sully's thankful he got out with a split lip and some aches and pains, but he's traumatized about the girl", according to April 17, 2007, Boston Herald.

Taylor was sitting in the back seat of a dark blue Toyota Camry that was rear-ended by the H3 driven by Erna. The crash occurred on a dark night, around 7 p.m. on the ramp leading from I-93 south to Route 213.

Taylor suffered a severe, traumatic brain injury and was in a coma after the crash. She suffered lasting effects, and would later sue. A settlement was reached in 2010.

Gear
Erna uses Yamaha Absolute Birch drums. He plays on a signature Sully Erna Les Paul Studio guitar.

Meliah Rage

 * 1992: Unfinished Business

Strip Mind

 * 1993: What's in Your Mouth

Godsmack

 * 1998: Godsmack
 * 2000: Awake
 * 2003: Faceless
 * 2004: The Other Side
 * 2006: IV
 * 2007: Good Times, Bad Times... Ten Years of Godsmack
 * 2010: The Oracle
 * 2012: Live and Inspired
 * 2014: 1000hp
 * 2018: When Legends Rise
 * 2023: Lighting Up the Sky

Solo

 * 2010: Avalon
 * 2012: Avalon Live
 * 2016: Hometown Life

title: Sully Erna


text:
São Bartolomeu

São Bartolomeu (Portuguese for Saint Bartholomew) may refer to the following places:

in Portugal

 * São Bartolomeu (Borba), a civil parish in the municipality of Borba
 * São Bartolomeu (Coimbra), a civil parish in the municipality of Coimbra
 * São Bartolomeu (Vila Viçosa), a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Viçosa
 * São Bartolomeu de Regatos, a civil parish in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, Azores
 * São Bartolomeu dos Galegos, a civil parish in the municipality of Lourinhã
 * São Bartolomeu de Messines, a civil parish in the municipality of Silves

in Brazil

 * São Bartolomeu River, a river in Goiás state

title: São Bartolomeu


text:
Pennsylvania Abolition Society

The Society for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage was the first American abolition society. It was founded April 14, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and held four meetings. Seventeen of the 24 men who attended initial meetings of the Society were Quakers, that is, members of the Religious Society of Friends, a branch of Christianity notable in the early history of Pennsylvania.

It was reorganized in 1784 as the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, (better known as the Pennsylvania Abolition Society) and was incorporated in 1789.

At some point after 1785, Benjamin Franklin was elected as the organization's president. The society asked him to bring the matter of slavery to the Constitutional Convention of 1787. He petitioned the U.S Congress in 1790 to ban slavery.

The Pennsylvania Abolition (or Abolitionist) Society, which had members and leaders of both races, became a model for anti-slavery organizations in other states during the antebellum years. Prominent African-American members included Robert Purvis, who was admitted in 1842 as the Society's first Black member.

In 1984 when the Society was revived, a Pennsylvania State Historical Marker was placed on Philadelphia's Front Street below Chestnut Street, at the site of its original offices.

The Pennsylvania Abolition Society still exists, dedicated to the cause of combating racism. The oldest abolitionist organization in the United States, since the late twentieth century, it has worked to improve issues of criminal justice and the over-representation of African Americans in prison, reduction in harsh sentencing laws, and improving economic and environmental justice.

title: Pennsylvania Abolition Society