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MAX (group)

MAX (pronounced "Max") is a Japanese female vocal group. The name is an acronym for "musical active experience". The original members of MAX made their musical debut as members of the Super Monkey's along with lead vocalist Namie Amuro. They branched out on their own in 1995, becoming stars in their own right with selling several million albums and a string of consecutive top 20 singles from 1996 to 2000. Their lead singer, Mina, left the group in 2002 due to pregnancy and was replaced by Aki Maeda who assumed the stage name Aki. Aki left the group in August 2008 to pursue a solo career. Original member Mina returned to the group on October 28, 2008 ushering in the group's comeback after a two-year hiatus.

Since their debut MAX has sold over 10 million records. They are behind only Morning Musume for female group with the most consecutive top 10 singles, tying with Wink at 15.

Members
When the group debuted all members used their real names. Once they became popular they used stage names each possessing the suffix "na." Lina (Ritsuko) used to go by "Rina". However, because of the similarity to "Reina" and the fact that her nickname more closely matched "Lina" anyway, this became her name around the time of their first CD. During informal footage such as backstage of their concerts, Mina and Nana are referred to by their full names, Minako and Nanako. The only member not to take on a stage name with the suffix is former member, Aki.

All members of the group hail from Okinawa Prefecture including their latest member.

Current members

 * Minako Inoue (井上美奈子), known as Mina (b. 29 December 1977)
 * Nanako Takushi (沢詩奈々子), known as Nana (b. 25 March 1976)
 * Reina Miyauchi (宮内玲奈), known as Reina (b. 6 January 1978)
 * Ritsuko Matsuda (松田律子), known as Lina (b. 26 February 1977)

Former members

 * Aki Maeda (前田亜紀), known as AKI (b. 22 October 1980). Before joining MAX, she had made her professional music debut in the short lived group, Hipp's.

The beginning
MAX started off as just a project that was never meant to take off. The group's concept was simple. They were presented as a singing and dancing pop group who performed catchy dance music. In 1995, they released their first single to very little success. Their second single was released to the same fate. The group continued to perform with Namie Amuro under the name, Super Monkey's, until the group officially disbanded in the summer of that year. Even though the Super Monkey's were over, MAX performed as dancers for Namie Amuro throughout the early stages of her solo career until March 1996. The foursome's dual identity as SuperMonkeys and MAX is captured in the video, Amuro Namie First Anniversary Live at Marine Stadium where they performed as Namie's backup singers and dancers, then Namie announces and congratulates them as MAX.

That month, the girls released their first movie, Ladie's MAX and their third single, "Tora Tora Tora", which debuted at #19 giving them their first hit and ending their days as glorified backup dancers.

Stardom
MAX followed the success of "Tora Tora Tora" with "Seventies" which brought the girls their first top 10 hit. In December 1996, they released their debut album Maximum. The album debuted at #1 and went on to sell over one million copies. Following the success of their album, MAX went back to the big screen in the sequel to their first movie, Ladie's MAX. The theme song to the movie entitled Give me a Shake was the first original song they performed. Before this song, all of MAX's hits were covers of Italian dance music. When the eponymous theme song "Give me a Shake" was released as a single it debuted at #1 garnering the group their first and only #1 hit.

In the fall of 1997, MAX went on their first national tour dubbed J-Pop Gig Tour. Spanning only two months, the group played sold-out halls including the Nippon Budokan. They released their second album, Maximum II on Christmas Day. That album also went on to sell over a million copies. MAX appearing for the first time on Kouhaku Utagassen at the end of 1997 and continued their reign at the top of the music scene throughout 1998. In 1999, MAX released their first greatest hits collection entitled Maximum Collection which also topped the charts. The girls scored a major hit at the end of the year with their first ballad single entitled, "Issho ni." Although the single had charted in the lower half of the top 10, it stayed on the charts for four months selling over 300,000 copies. It would be their second best selling single.

Turning Point
2000 proved to be a time of change for MAX. For their first single of the new millinneum, the girls decided to take control of their music by writing and producing for the first time. Their result, "Never Gonna Stop It", an R&B influence pop number debuted at #8 on the charts. However, the single fell short of sales of 100,000 copies. Since 1999, the group's sales were gradually declining but this was the first time since their third single that any of their singles did not surpass the hundred thousand mark. Their next self-produced effort, "Magic" would debut at #10 but sold less than the previous single. The next few years were more of the same.

The group came to a dramatic standstill when in January 2002, the group's lead singer, Mina, announced her quickie marriage and pregnancy in a press conference at their record label, Avex Trax's main office. At the press conference, the group also announced that Mina would take a hiatus from the group to have her baby. They released their second ballad single, "Spring Rain" the following month to disastrous results. The single charted a lowly #28 breaking their string of 19 consecutive top 20 singles. An original album, their fifth, due for release in March was shelved and instead a second greatest hits collection was released in its place. MAX went into hiatus.

Muted Comeback
The next few months remained quiet for MAX, until late June when news started circulating around fan websites that flyers announcing a new MAX member were seen. The three remaining members (Nana, Lina and Reina) had previously announced that they would either: 1) continue as a three-member group or 2) remain in hiatus until Mina returned. In either case, they were adamant that no one would replace Mina.

Soon after came the news of an official fanclub meeting in July. On the day of the meeting, a three-member MAX came out to a crowded club performing their #1 smash, "Give me a Shake." Shortly following the performance, MAX confirmed rumors by introducing their new member, Aki Maeda. Aki's position in the band was initially uncertain, rumors were that she was either just a temporary member until Mina's return or upon Mina's return MAX would become a five-member group.

A new single and album were scheduled for release the next month along with TV appearances on some of the biggest music shows in the country. However, the single would be cancelled. The album, Maximum Trance containing trance remixes of old material would be released as scheduled. Their new television appearances were cancelled as well.

In November, MAX finally made their comeback with the bossa nova influenced single, "Eternal White". The single debuted at #20 and quickly fell off the charts. Subsequent releases continued to come with larger distances in time. The group released two singles in 2003 both failing to reach the top 30. In 2004, the group released a cover of Atomic Kitten's "Be with You". The single debuted at #34 after a promising but ultimately disappointing promotional push. In August, the group performed in the United States for the first time at Texas' AnimeFest held at the Hyatt Hotel in Dallas. Following the event, MAX took time out to participate in solo activities including modeling and acting.

10th Anniversary
In 2005, the group celebrated their 10th anniversary. Although the group had not released any new material after the release of "Be With You," they embarked on a hotel tour to commemorate the anniversary. The "MAX Love Trip 2005" spanned four shows in May. During the hotel tour, the group confirmed a new single entitled "Nirai Kanai" for release in July. The single would be a return to their roots incorporating Eurodance beats with traditional Okinawan elements. MAX also had a greater input in this single, not only picking the song but also writing the lyrics and even performing a bit of the instrumental. The group coined the term "Okinawan Euro" to describe the song. In an interview with "Barks.co.jp," the group explained that the long wait for the single was due to their search for the perfect song. They also stated that unlike in the past where they would release singles in a certain time span, that they would now concentrate on only releasing "good" music regardless of how long it takes. Upon release, the single was only able to capture a few thousand sales on the mainland. However, the song proved to be a runaway hit in Okinawa allowing the group to have several live events on the island. They followed up "Nirai Kanai" with another single in November and released their first album with new member, Aki in February 2006, entitled, "Jewel of Jewels." Another single entitled "Splash Gold (Natsu no Kiseki)/Prism of Eyes," the group's first double a-side single was released in August of that year. It became the group's final release with new member, Aki.

2008–2011: Original line-up reformation and 15th anniversary
On August 12, 2008, it was announced Aki would be leaving the group to pursue a career as a singer-songwriter. The group made their last public appearance with Aki at the Japanese premiere of the "Sex and the City" film. In October, Lina and Reina told fans that they had been in meetings with their record label. They did not discuss the details of the meeting, however, claimed that all would be revealed soon. On October 28, a press release was issued announcing the return of original member, Mina, and an official comeback. They made their first public appearance on Tokudane and a reunion concert and new remix album were announced. The reunion concert was held on January 31, 2009 as a one-night only event at C.C. Lemon Hall in Shibuya, Tokyo. Its success led to announcement of six additional shows turning the concert event into a nationwide tour. On the first night of the tour, their first comeback single, "Rough Cut Diamond" was announced. It was released on July 22, 2009.

In late 2009, the group announced a one-night monthly concerts series, "MAX Monthly Live: VIP" to celebrate the group's 15th anniversary in 2010. The first concert of the series was held on January 24 at Akazaka Blitz in Tokyo. On May 12, a Eurobeat cover of Anri's "Cat's Eye" was released. It was followed by the release of a Eurobeat cover album composed of 80s and 90s classics and anime songs. "BE MAX" was released on September 8. The album debuted at #19 on the Oricon Weekly Album Chart becoming their first top 20 release since 2002's "eternal white." On September 17, the group appeared on the variety program Nakai Masahiro no Kinyoubi no Smatachi e. The program revealed that they had been in turmoil following Mina's pregnancy. Although the group had shown solidarity following the announcement, it was a farce. The other three members stated that they had felt betrayed by Mina's actions because she did not confide her pregnancy to them herself but through management. The incident created a major rift between the original members and although Aki had been announced as a temporary member while Mina would take maternity leave, Mina had actually already exited the group. The program later revealed that after Aki left the group to pursue a solo career, Nana suggested to the remaining members that they invite Mina to rejoin them. At the conclusion of the program, Mina formally apologized to the group.

On May 21, 2011, the group's management announced that Reina was five months pregnant and would take maternity leave immediately. The announcement also affirmed that MAX would continue activities while Reina remained on hiatus. The group made their final appearance as a four-member group on Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ in late July where the remaining members performed for the first time as a three-piece unit.

2012–present: Hare, Tokidoki Farm! and MAX is back
As part of NHK's BS Premium's programming block catered to women, the network announced the weekly variety show, Hare, Tokidoki Farm! starring MAX. On the program, the members would hone horticulture and craftsmanship skills with local farmers and guest celebrities. The program premiered in April 2012 and featured MAX's first recording as a three-piece, "Check Me!" as its theme song. On April 17, MAX was announced as spokespersons for Sapporo Beer's wheat and lemon line of beverages. Another original song, "Sun Sun," was used in a commercial campaign aired exclusively in Okinawa.

In October 2012, Reina revealed to fans that she had given birth to her first child, a boy, in November 2011 and that she was six months pregnant with her second child. In February 2013, she announced the birth of her second child, a girl, and confirmed that she would be continuing her maternity leave until further notice. At the end of February, MAX wrapped their tenure on Hare, Tokidoki Farm! and shortly afterwards, Lina informed fans through her blog that MAX had entered into meetings for a planned single release. In late July, a new single was formally announced touting "MAX is back." "Tacata'" released on August 7, is a cover of Tacabro' song of the same name and is their first single as a three-member unit. In 2015, the trio released their cover of the Chainsmokers song "#SELFIE", now titled "#SELFIE ~ONNA Now~". The song was released to celebrate MAX's 20th anniversary. That year, Reina also had her third child, a boy.

In 2019, another MAX single, "Parthenon", was released to celebrate Reina's return to the group.

Studio albums

 * 1996: Maximum
 * 1997: Maximum II
 * 1998: Maximum Groove
 * 2001: Emotional History
 * 2006: Jewel of Jewels

Other albums

 * 1999: Maximum Collection
 * 2000: Super Eurobeat presents Hyper Euro Max
 * 2002: Precious Collection 1995–2002
 * 2002: Maximum Trance
 * 2008: New Edition: Maximum Hits
 * 2010: Be MAX

Number-one singles

 * 1997: "Give Me a Shake"

Tours

 * August 17, 1997 - September 22, 1997:J-Pop Gig Tour '97 (12 Shows)
 * March 24, 1998 - May 31, 1998: MAX Live Contact 1998: MAX Up Your Life (30 Shows)
 * March 6, 1999 - August 19, 1999: MAX Live Contact 1999: Sunny Holiday (54 Shows)
 * May 1, 2000 - July 2, 2000: MAX Live Contact 2000: No Boundly (17 Shows)
 * July 7, 2001 - September 2, 2001: MAX Live Contact 2001: Bitter 4 Sweet (17 Shows)
 * January 31, 2009; April 25, 2009 - May 30, 2009: MAX Live Contact 2009: New Edition (7 Shows)

Filmography

 * 1995 Yoru mo Hippare (TV Series)
 * 1996 Ladie's MAX
 * 1997 Ladie's MAX: Give me a Shake
 * 1998 Sweet Devil (TV Series)
 * 2005 Starlight (TV Series)
 * 2006 Churusan 3 (TV Series)
 * 2009 Omoikirri Don! (TV Series)
 * 2009 Kariyushi Sensei Chibaru (TV Series)

title: MAX (group)


text:
Talk:Tucson, Arizona/Archive 2

Node to a nightingale
It seems that node is attempting to modify the article in the same way again, without any further discussion, just a revert war. It seems to me that last time, the discussion ended without any real support for node's version. Perhaps further discussion is required. Either that, or the reverting should just stop. Thanks. kmccoy (talk) 02:56, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * kmccoy, I really hope you realise that ending "thanks" to the end of a message doesn't automatically make it better somehow. I just love how many times in this discussion you have said particularly poisonous things followed with "Thanks!", as if that is supposed to make it all better. --Node 00:37, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree the reverting should stop - but the article version should be the version for which there is support. If node continues changing the article, it should be reverted.  --ABQCat 05:15, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I guess I don't see it so much a revert "war" as revert "discipline." It's certainly not worth getting steamed up about, though it is probably worth holding the line, firmly and gently. Consider: Node is fifteen years old. Having the consensus go strongly against you, being the lonely voice on your side, it stings. A lot. Hey, it still stings at forty-five kinda like it stings at fifteen, but one develops a certain perspective over the life run. If the principle of consensus is important to us, then it is probably worth working together to see that the consensus decision is enforced. However, if Node is also important to us—and he should be (see Wikilove)—then it is worth imparting this mini-Wiki-lesson in socialization evenhandedly, with humor and patience. As in, "Node, you're probably not going to get your way on this, but you're still a fine young man." --Gary D 08:49, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't see it either way - as noted in edit histories, there is new data available. Perhaps if you were to read these edit histories, you'd see that this isn't because I'm a sore-loser homeschooled (for the past year only, not my whole life) little brat like you think. --Node 00:37, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * You're not a brat, Node, you're a fine young man. --Gary D 00:52, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

On current protection, suggestions
Node, I am willing to accept the origins of the name of the town under the following compromise. Note that rather than a blanket statement, it is descriptive of the origins of the name.

"Tucson was founded in...(etc). The O'Odham Indians who inhabited the community when it was visited in 1692 by the Spanish missionary Father Eusebio Kino, called their village Chuk-Shon, which has been translated to mean "Dark Spring" or "at the foot of the Black Hill." The latter is probably a reference to the mostly volcanic hills on the west side of the city.  The current city name of "Tucson" comes, via Spanish, from the original O'Odham name for the city."

I am not supportive of a parenthetical inclusion in the first paragraph, as O'Odham is NOT an official language of Tucson, Arizona, or the United States. Now, that's not to say it's not used locally (especially in indian communitieson and in enclaves in the city), but the political name of the city is Tucson. One more interesting note is that the O'Odham tribe themselves refer to "Tucson" on their webpage. I'd say this is a blow to the assertion that the city is also widely known as Chuk-shon. If, when referring to the political entity "tucson", the O'Odham refer more often to "Chuk-Shon" than "Tucson" I'd be interested in changing the wording of my suggestion slightly, but I still would not advocate or support a first paragraph parenthetical inclusion. --ABQCat 20:32, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This is silly, the paragraph makes it sound as if the O'odham all left or something in the interim, and you continue to pretend you know O'odham ñiok by insisting the correct spelling is "Chuk-Shon" when that is depricated.

English is not an official language of Tucson, Arizona, or the United States. The O'odham language has official status in parts of the city but most notably in places most people consider part of Tucson, such as the mission and the area surrounding it.

The reason it is referred to "Tucson" on their webpage is because their webpage is in English, and the English name for the city, at least in modern times, is almost always "Tucson".

This city was first settled by O'odham, who named it Cuk Ṣon, and they have inhabited it continuously ever since with no interruptions. If you don't believe the city is universally called called Cuk Ṣon in the O'odham language, please argue that with Dr. Ofelia Zepeda, 621-8294, who will be more than happy to correct you and is an expert on the subject.

--Node 23:16, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Node, this was a compromise attempt. I'm disinclined to ever attempt compromise on this subject again considering your personal attacks on the subject. Suggest changes to my suggestion rather than discarding it wholesale.  Your method of unyielding criticism is really not progressing this discussion anywhere.  And as for the chuk-son, I was going off memory and don't know character codes to bring up your version, though I wouldn't oppose it.  I know the O'Odham didn't all leave - they're settled nearby.  The paragraph can reflect that.  The webpage is in english - without the option to view it in the O'odham language.  This suggests to me that English might be a widely understood language among the O'odham - enough so that Tucson is the name for the city?  Again, I have no problem indicating the historical name, etymology, etc.  Note, however, that New York is not noted as "aka Nuevo York" despite the LARGE hispanic community which lives there.  It's also not referred to as "New Amsterdam" in the equivalent Dutch, despite the fact that the Dutch founded it, didn't just go away, and descendants still live nearby.  Please, suggest changes to the suggested paragraph above - lets work towards a compromise here.  --ABQCat 23:43, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * "Personal attacks"...? Yes, like when I said "Wow ABQCat, you're an idiot since you disagree with me"? Or is it something that I actually said?

 * The O'odham didn't "settle nearby". Reservations do not reflect where all Native Americans live. Plenty of O'odham live in Tucson, I am beginning to wonder if you really live here as between 5 and 15 out of 100 in Tucson, and more in some areas, are Native American, mostly Tohono O'odham but some Yaqui. Surely you have noticed this? Most webpages of the Burmese Government are exclusively in English, even though Burmese is the language of Burma. The reason for this is that the intended audience is people from OUTSIDE of Burma, similarly it is assumed anybody wanting the sort of basic information provided at the tribal website would come from people who don't speak the language because they could be expected to know that sort of stuff already.

 * "Nuevo York" is simply a calque from the English "New York", immigrant communities in the past have integrated over one or two generations at least to a great degree and thus in relatively little time the name may be a thing of the past (you might say the same thing about the O'odham language, however currently its number of speakers is growing rather than shrinking and this is without the help of an influx of immigrants), New York was not first inhabited by Spanish-speakers who called it "Nueva York".

 * As for Nieuw Amsterdam, please see New Amsterdam. The Dutch name is treated even better than my proposal treats the O'odham language, even though the Dutch who actually stayed in the area have been almost completely linguistically and culturally assimilated with all current Dutch speakers in New York being from more recent waves of immigration, it actually has its own article. An article for the O'odham name of Tucson is neither possible nor reasonable - it is technically impossible until the English Wikipedia switches to Unicode, until there is a sizable section of information that could be moved there regarding the O'odham history of Tucson it isn't reasonable (and how much information *is* there? O'odham people may have built impressive settlements and a couple of forts, but did they have a university? there isn't really a lot to tell except the story surrounding the settlement of the area, the significance of the area to the community, and things like that).

 * Your proposal isn't a compromise at all, it gives worse treatment to the O'odham language and people than the current version of the article, and both of your translations are sorely wrong. "ṣon" can indeed mean "spring" (as it does in "al ṣon", one of the possible origins of the name of Arizona), but any O'odham will tell you that in the name Cuk Ṣon it is referring to hills. It does not mean "at the foot of the black hill", it means "black hill" (or according to some "black foothills"). No "at the foot of" in there - does "Tucson" in English mean in Spanish "en la ciudad que se llama Tucson"?

 * If you want to argue issues of language and history, that is fine and I am prepared, but I think it would be much better if you called Dr Zepeda who is an expert on the subject (at least of the language, I don't know what she knows about the history but she's definitely more knowledgable than I am). If you ask her "what is Tucson called in the O'odham language?" she will tell you "chook shone", if you ask her how that is spelled she will tell you "c-u-k s-dot-o-n" (I can't guarantee the exact wording). If you ask her if anybody still calls it that today, the answer will be "yes", if you ask her if any residents of the city call it that the answer will be "yes", if you ask her how long it has been called that the answer will be something which is greater than 400 years (I don't know exactly how long, I think it's somewhere between 500 and 1000 years ago).

 * Indeed it may not originally have been pronounced the way it is now, at one time it was most likely pronounced in the local dialect "Tuk Son" (ttbomk), but as was noted in the Mesa talkpage, one thing about Wikipedia is the ability to note present realities.

 * My proposal for the first 2 paragraphs:

 * Tucson (Tohono O'odham: Cuk Ṣon) is a city located in Pima County, Arizona. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 486,699, with a metropolitan-area population of 843,746. A July 1, 2003 Census estimate puts the city's population at 507,658. It is the largest city in southern Arizona, and the second largest in the state after Phoenix. Joined by I-10, Phoenix and Tucson are the endpoints of a 100-mile corridor of increasingly suburbanized areas. Tucson is the county seat of Pima County6.

 * The name, pronounced /tusʊn/, comes, via Spanish, from the O'odham name for the city which means "Black Foothills," a reference to the mostly volcanic mountains on the west side of Tucson. The most notable of these foothills is Sentinel Peak, better known as "A Mountain" because it sports a large letter A in honor of the University of Arizona. Tucson is sometimes referred to as "The Old Pueblo".

 * Now, perhaps we can propose back and forth until we reach a suitable compromise.

 * --Node 00:50, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I think I can see fit to agree to the version you suggest IF you include the cultural significance of the fact that there is even a O'odham language version of the name. By that I mean, explain (as you did to me, something I already knew, but would be beneficial in the article) where the O'odham live (reservation, communities, and percentages in the community (census data here would help, but it likely doesn't differentiate between different tribes)).  Also link "Spanish" to Spanish language.  Also, can we include a pronunciation for the O'odham name?  It's not obvious to me how to pronounce "Ṣ" - I believe this is IPA?  I'd also like inclusion of the history of settlement in the area.  Here's my suggestion - with the points I outlined.  To include the information in a complete manner, I've brought some info in from the "history" section, but some repetition is ok.

 * Not IPA - the IPA character for the same sound is I believe ʂ, with the tongue further back than for the English "sh".

 * Tucson (Tohono O'odham: Cuk Ṣon) is a city located in Pima County, Arizona. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 486,699, with a metropolitan-area population of 843,746. A July 1, 2003 Census estimate puts the city's population at 507,658. It is the largest city in southern Arizona, and the second largest in the state after Phoenix. Joined by I-10, Phoenix and Tucson are the endpoints of a 100-mile corridor of increasingly suburbanized areas. Tucson is the county seat of Pima County6.

 * The area around Tucson has been inhabited since pre-historic times and more recently by groups such as the Tohono O'odham (who may be descendants of the prehistoric inhabitants) and the Yaqui. (Indeed XXX PERCENT or YYY O'odham and Yaqui still live nearby at ### and inside the city. - this is a bit which needs facts for inclusion, i feel.)  In 1692, Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the area, which the O'odham and Yaqui called "Cuk Ṣon", building the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700.  The Spanish established a presidio (fort) in 1776 and the town came to called "Tucson."

 * The name, (pronounced /tusʊn/), comes, via Spanish, from the O'odham name for the city which means "Black Foothills," a reference to the mostly volcanic mountains on the west side of Tucson. The most notable of these foothills is Sentinel Peak, better known as "A Mountain" because it sports a large letter A in honor of the University of Arizona. Tucson is sometimes referred to as "The Old Pueblo".

 * Two United States Navy vessels have been named USS Tucson in honor of the city.

--ABQCat 01:23, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Tucson (Tohono O'odham: Cuk Ṣon) is a city located in Pima County, Arizona. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 486,699, with a metropolitan-area population of 843,746. A July 1, 2003 Census estimate puts the city's population at 507,658. It is the largest city in southern Arizona, and the second largest in the state after Phoenix. Joined by I-10, Phoenix and Tucson are the endpoints of a 100-mile corridor of increasingly suburbanized areas. Tucson is the county seat of Pima County6.

 * The area around Tucson has been inhabited since pre-historic times and more recently by groups such as the Tohono O'odham (who may be descendants of the prehistoric inhabitants) and the Yaqui, most of whom arrived in the late 1800s fleeing persecution in Mexico. (### O'odham currently live in the city as well as in the nearby San Xavier reservation and Tohono O'odham Nation. 6800 Yaqui currently live in the city, largely in Old Pascua and Barrio Libre, and on the nearby Pascua Yaqui reservation and in Yoem Pueblo in Marana.) In 1692, Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the area, which the O'odham called "Cuk Ṣon", building the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700. The Spanish established a presidio (fort) in 1776 and the town came to called "Tucson."

 * The name, (pronounced /tusʊn/), comes, via Spanish, from the O'odham name for the city which means "Black Foothills," a reference to the mostly volcanic mountains on the west side of Tucson. The most notable of these foothills is Sentinel Peak, better known as "A Mountain" because it sports a large letter A in honor of the University of Arizona. Tucson is sometimes referred to as "The Old Pueblo".

 * (I don't know what the name of the Yaqui barrios in Tucson are, I know there is a Yaqui barrio in Gilbert called Guadalupe) --Node 02:06, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Old Pasqua and Barrio Libre - source. --ABQCat 03:59, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Perhaps a vote is in order if and when a compromise proposal is reached; there may be, hanging around, some of the editors who participanted in the original discussions who may be interested in weighing in. I think a larger consensus would be a good thing here. Also perhaps, we could vote on a single system that could be used for both Tucson and Mesa. And finally in the "perhaps family," we could always do an RfC. --Gary D 19:59, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * Gary, I agree on the idea for a vote. Since I was involved in creating the compromise introduction with Node, it would be more useful to hear comments and votes from other wikipedians.  --ABQCat 21:03, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Kino School
The material on Kino School is a merge from an article entitled Kino school. The material merged is entirely the work of a single author and is in the exact form created by that author. The page history of Kino school up to and including the merged material is:

(cur) (last) 14:35, 1 Nov 2004 216.39.176.97 (By Elliot Berry) (cur) (last) 14:32, 1 Nov 2004 216.39.176.97

[[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 21:20, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I know the separate article is the topic of a VfD discussion, but I'm deleting the Kino sections, as it's either trivial (compared to the rest of the article) or patent rubbish, and I see no reason to leave the article on a major US city disfigured for any longer than is absolutely necessary. People can check the history if they want to see them. Average Earthman 21:28, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Does this "the exact form created by that author" stuff need to be included? It wouldn't be true once somebody edited it.  RickK 21:47, Nov 1, 2004 (UTC)

One Tucsonan's Rant About All This
I've lived in Tucson since I was born here in 1981. I don't see the piont of all this bickering about inclusion of 'Chuk Shon' in the article. Chuk Shon should be included somewhere, probably within an explanation of the origin of Tucson's name, though not misleading the reader into believing that Tucson is commonly also refered to as Chuk Shon. I think it's fine the way it is. If this explanation belongs in Wikitionary, just include a link to it.

I have seen Tucson also spelled 'Tuxon', in a lowrider bike(bicycle) documentary i saw on Access Tucson. --worm

 * I don't see what's so misleading about it - it says (Tohono O'odham: Cuk Ṣon), not (also known as Cuk Ṣon).

 * While you, an English speaker, may never have heard anybody refer to it as Cuk Ṣon, this is a second name for it more common than Tuxon (and is different in pronunciation as well as spelling), although not among English speakers. If you don't believe it is a "common second name", you can call Ofelia Zepeda at the number I gave above (a local number). --Node 00:33, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I should probably add that this isn't just something I've read in a book, I have actually heard people refer to it by this name, and this name is used by over 35000 people which, when compared with the population of the city itself, is significant. If I stop on I-10 just outside of Phoenix, there is a gas station where I can stop and when I come in, the clerk - who is an O'odham - might ask "bap do hi?" and I can say "Cuk Ṣon ui". In Casa Grande, I might meet an O'odham at an outlet store, and I could ask them "bap do api ki?" and the reply might be "Añi añ am ki Cuk Ṣon". On the road to Nogales, I might ask an O'odham family heading the opposite direction "bap do hihi?" and the response might be "Cuk Ṣon ui". The O'odham language is one of only a couple dozen native American languages from north of Mexico that is growing in number of speakers rather than shrinking. Often at a walmart you may think somebody is speaking Spanish, but if you don't know Spanish they might be speaking O'odham, if you do speak Spanish then they probably aren't because you'd not think it was spanish :p --Node 00:39, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * personally, i agree with you. in the interests of appeasing a very very very passionate person on the subject of native american place names (mesa, tucson, etc) i've decided to work towards a compromise that prevents a simple injection of Chuk Shon into the first paragraph without any explanation whatsoever. i think the compromise replacement for the introduction is pretty good at doing that.  do you have any thoughts for improving it?  thanks.  --ABQCat 09:07, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'm only speaking for myself. If Chuk Shon(or whatever spelling) is indeed a "common second name" then refer to it as such. I personally haven't been exposed to the name yet, other than here. As for 'Tuxon', that was only included because I thought others might find the spelling interesting. --worm 15:35 ish 14 Dec

Proposed introduction, votes, comments
As a result of some back and forth editing with Node, we have come to what I think is an excellent compromise between our two viewpoints (Node, if you're still in favor of the following version, please make sure you note your support, or concerns if any). It replaces the current introduction and attempts to address the following issues:
 * Present O'odham name for Tucson prominently (as it is culturally significant)
 * Explain the cultural significance:
 * Barrios, nearby reservations (they didn't just up and leave)
 * Population numbers for Yaqui & O'odham
 * Expand the history of Tucson presented in the introduction with emphasis on:
 * Native history, settlement of the area
 * Spanish colonization, etymology of current English name

 * Tucson (Tohono O'odham: Cuk Ṣon) is a city located in Pima County, Arizona. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 486,699, with a metropolitan-area population of 843,746. A July 1, 2003 Census estimate puts the city's population at 507,658. It is the largest city in southern Arizona, and the second largest in the state after Phoenix. Joined by I-10, Phoenix and Tucson are the endpoints of a 100-mile corridor of increasingly suburbanized areas. Tucson is the county seat of Pima County6.

 * The area around Tucson has been inhabited since pre-historic times and more recently by groups such as the Tohono O'odham (who may be descendants of the prehistoric inhabitants) and the Yaqui, most of whom arrived in the late 1800s fleeing persecution in Mexico. (### O'odham currently live in the city as well as in the nearby San Xavier reservation and Tohono O'odham Nation. 6800 Yaqui currently live in the city, largely in Old Pascua and Barrio Libre, and on the nearby Pascua Yaqui reservation and in Yoem Pueblo in Marana.) In 1692, Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the area, which the O'odham called "Cuk Ṣon", building the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700. The Spanish established a presidio (fort) in 1776 and the town came to be called "Tucson."

 * The name, (pronounced /tusʊn/), comes, via Spanish, from the O'odham name for the city which means "Black Foothills," a reference to the mostly volcanic mountains on the west side of Tucson. The most notable of these foothills is Sentinel Peak, better known as "A Mountain" because it sports a large letter A in honor of the University of Arizona. Tucson is sometimes referred to as "The Old Pueblo".

Comments from those interested / involved in this discussion would be welcome. --ABQCat 01:17, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I would modify the "concerns" as follows:

What say we give it a day for comments (I don't know if very many people are actively looking in on this page at the moment), and then "officially" open the voting tomorrow around 00:00 UTC by posting an RfC and maybe contacting editors involved in the original discussion? I am floating a competing proposal below. --Gary D 02:44, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Present O'odham name for Tucson prominently (as it is culturally significant) - not only is it culturally significant, but it is used by 35000 people in and near Tucson as the first or even only (there are 500 monolinguals, and far more with very limited English proficiency) for the city.
 * Explain the cultural significance:
 * Barrios, nearby reservations (they didn't just up and leave) - O'odham and Yaqui people live throughout the city. Barrios (for the Yaqui) are simply concentrations of Yaqui populations which the federal government recognises as official Yaqui barrios and which are historically Yaqui areas. Reservations house both people who never lived in Tucson and people who once lived in Tucson or whose ancestors lived in Tucson, more of the former but a good deal of the latter as well, because as the area became crowded by "milga:n o'odham" (white people) and their ancestral lands upon which they needed to hunt and plant crops were gradually being chipped away at from the edges.
 * Population numbers for Yaqui & O'odham - I know that there must be some census data for the number of Tohono O'odham people living in Tucson, however the best I can think of that would be easily accessable would be for Tohono O'odham living in Pima County, which would include the Tohono O'odham Nation, the San Xavier reservation (Wa:k Cekṣanĭ) and other non-reservation, non-Tucson locales in Pima County.
 * Expand the history of Tucson presented in the introduction with emphasis on:
 * Native history, settlement of the area - *european* settlement
 * Spanish colonization, etymology of current English name - Also important I think is a section on Mexican-O'odham relations, and a couple sentences on why the Yaqui left the baja coast to come all the way to Tucson.
 * Your proposal is just a reorganised version of the current article, actually removing some of the important information in the version ABQWildcat and I came up with, and you merge what should be two separate paragraphs into one long, unruly paragraph. The "Miscellaneous" information looks very awkward by itself, and as it is fairly important to the city, I think it *does* belong in the first paragraph.
 * "Your proposal is just a reorganised version of the current article." I would not call that an unfair characterization. --Gary D 10:35, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * Tucson (pronounced /tusʊn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 486,699, with a metropolitan-area population of 843,746. A July 1, 2003 Census estimate puts the city's population at 507,658. It is the largest city in southern Arizona, and the second largest in the state after Phoenix. The name Tucson comes via Spanish from the O'odham, cuk Ṣon, meaning "Black Foothills," a reference to the mostly volcanic mountains on the west side of the city. The most notable of these foothills is Sentinel Peak, better known as "A Mountain" because it sports a large letter A in honor of the University of Arizona. Tucson is sometimes referred to as "The Old Pueblo".

 * ==History==
 * Tucson was originally inhabited around 7000 BC by early Paleo-Indians, and later replaced by groups designated by archaeologists as the Hohokam. Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the area in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700. The Spanish established a presidio (fort) in 1776 and the town came to be called "Tucson." Tucson became a part of Mexico after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. ... [rest of section unchanged]

 * ==Demographics==
 * [Add at end of first paragraph in section] The Native American inhabitants in the area include [quantity] Tohono O'odham, living in the city, on the nearby San Xavier reservation, and in the Tohono O'odham Nation, who may be descendants of the prehistoric inhabitants, as well as 6,800 Yaqui, living in the city (largely in the Old Pascua and Barrio Libre neighborhoods), on the nearby Pascua Yaqui reservation, and in the Yoem Pueblo in the town of Marana, most of whom trace their local ancestry back to arrivals in the late 1800s fleeing persecution in Mexico.

 * ==Miscellaneous==
 * [Put this section in just before the "famous people" section]
 * Tucson is joined by I-10 to Phoenix, and forms one endpoint of a 100-mile corridor of increasingly suburbanized areas along that highway which once traversed largely undeveloped desert.

 * Two United States Navy vessels have been named USS Tucson in honor of the city.

Gary, I like that the information which I wanted addressed in the article is included in your revision.
 * More inclusion is always better; I don't think any editor had a problem with what Node wanted to include, just where he wanted to include it.

I have a small problem with the way formatting will ultimately come out. Because the introduction isn't under a top-level header, it ends up above the table of contents, and the information that I wanted prominently presented (agreeably, some of it COULD be moved down slightly to another section) such as cultural significance of the O'odham and Yaqui (and hence the reason for including the other name) would not be.
 * Yeah, the call is always what information is central enough to merit that headline billing in the "news report" style of article writing. I just don't think a particular racial group, even the original one, in a modern American metropolis makes that cut in this context. If we put race up front, the article tells us there are actually more blacks and Asians by percentage in Tucson, so natives might have to get behind those other two groups' discussions anyway.
 * The difference is that information on O'odham and Yaqui peoples is not just relating to ethnic groups, it relates to history, culture, and more.
 * And indeed, all that history, culture, more, should be included in the article. --Gary D 10:35, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

It should be noted that it doesn't address Node's sole criticism of the page - including a parenthetical O'odham langauge version of the name. I'm not sure I'd require that for a final version of this article, but in the interests of compromise I can see allowing the parenthetical as long as the cultural significance of the parenthetical is addressed in the introduction.
 * The parenthetical is actually where Node got crosswise with the editor group in the first place. A first sentence O'odham parenthetical just doesn't fly from a encyclopedic news-significance standpoint. We could always mention in the demographics section that the O'odham still sometimes/often call the city that, though.
 * "The editor group"? ABQWildcat has been the first editor involved in this discussion who is also regularly involved in editing the page, as well as the first who claims any real knowledge of the city other than myself. kmccoy is the one who started this when I brought it up in #wikipedia. After that, he went trolling for support, complaining to "Buster" (who appears to be absent now) and RickK, with other users appearing later without his invitation. Prior to this, and subsequent to this, kmccoy has not been active in the development of this page or any other Arizona-related page.
 * From an encyclopedic standpoint, what is wrong with it?
 * Insufficiently significant to merit inclusion in the first sentence. --Gary D 10:35, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * My mother is a technical writer by profession, and she says that there isn't anything wrong with it. It doesn't indicate that it is a common English name, it features prominently language indicating that it is not an English name to avoid confusion. Brittanica follows similar practice, as do most other Wikipedia articles where there is an indigenous name with historical and cultural significance. A "news-significance standpoint" is irrelevant on Wikipedia with the exception of Template:In the news, if you care about news-significance, you can go to WikiNews and help there.
 * All (good) Wikipedia articles analogize a news-significance structure in that they proceed generally from most significant to least significant information; this is seen especially in the use of the first paragraph for establishing definitional essentials. --Gary D 10:35, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

Also, if we're including a demographics section (not totally necessary, but if that's the way we include the native american statistics) we need to address more than just native american populations. Hispanic, African American, Asian, Pacific Islander, Indian, Pakistani, etc - where do we draw the line?
 * This is the standard demographics section on all cities that got robo-imported from the U.S. Census. We draw the line at whoever wants to do the work on presenting Tucson-related information on all those other groups. As always, more is better.
 * Actually, a "demographics" section is included in all US place articles. I don't think there is any particular group with perhaps the exception of Mexicans/Hispanics/Latinos with any historical or cultural impact on Tucson which is relevant at a local level, but I may be wrong here.

Also, an integrated paragraph with the information presented similarly to my proposal seems to be more along the lines of how other encyclopedias present the information. Of course, on Wikipedia we have our own standards, and I'd have to look around a bit to see how the proposals stack up with regards to their presentation of information. --ABQCat 03:01, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I would suggest (of course I would!) that my version is actually the more standard encyclopedic attack: Essential identification blurb, history, today's details, miscellany. I think looking around is a great idea.
 * I suggest you are wrong. All of Brittanica, as well as most other Wikipedia articles on places, have a layout similar to my proposed layout.

 * I propose we move the two proposals into a definite, clean section tomorrow to aid any incoming voters directed from RfC or elsewhere in navigating to the vote. --Gary D 03:25, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * And it would probably be more helpful if your proposal looked more like it would be expected to display inline, that would probably be to your advantage.--Node 06:36, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, we could do that. I was using an excerpts format to present the differences concisely, but the increased readability from filling in the other portions may be worth it. --Gary D 10:35, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

A further suggestion If deemed necessary by a consensus of votes, I would be agreeable to leaving only the first paragraph of the compromise-paragraph Node and I constructed, and moving the other 2 paragraphs into an immediately-following "history" section. That's quite similar to the format of Albuquerque, New Mexico which was already in place when I first discovered wikipedia (yea those ages ago...). I would rather the introduction be presented as presented above (Abqwildcat, Node compromise intro), however. --ABQCat 08:28, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think you should worry about compromising with me, ABQ, since you have already put in such good work with Node, and we would just be wrangling in a near-vacuum. Let's get the fresh blood in and see what that gets going; I'm sure they will have plenty to say and suggest, and will not just statically vote and leave. --Gary D 10:35, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Very good, I do see your point there. Have you listed Tucson, Arizona for an RfC? Also, (as I'm not quite sure how) do you think perhaps some of the sections of this page need to be archived, perhaps?  It's getting a bit long (getting that famous length warning).  It would be quite easy to point people to the archive and provide fresh space for comments and the two proposals (as of now).  --ABQCat 20:26, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I have not listed on RfC yet. I was going to do so sometime after 00:00 UTC today, in about three hours from now.
 * However, I'm in no hurry, so if you want to kick things around a little more before we list it, we could always put it off one or more days.
 * I propose we suggest a seven-day voting period. Sometimes people coming in have so many ideas that new proposals and edits proliferate and the vote gets derailed and becomes meaningless (which might be a good thing, leading to a new sythesis). However, we could at least start with this proposed timeframe and a clean and definite voting space on this page, so that if voting is all someone wants to do, they can do that easily, too.
 * I propose we approach an administrator and have the page unprotected, in order to facilitate people trying things out on the article page with alternative versions and edits, and seeing how they look. The worst that would happen is Node puts up his old version, and that's not the end of the world.
 * On archiving the sections above from this page, I would leave them here for now. At 70KB, we have long ago blown out the 32KB rule, and the sections above contain the whole history of the controversy with Node, so editors coming in can scan them and quickly get the whole story, without having to page away.
 * Let me know what you think. Feel free to contact an administrator for the unprotect. Feel free to put off the RfC and the vote if you want. If you do want to go ahead with the vote today, please go ahead and put the candidates together in a new, titled section at the bottom of the page, and put a Support: space under each. BTW, nice working with you. --Gary D 21:56, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

Let's slip the RfC/vote a day: No one's been back to comment since I wrote the above, and I'm busy anyway, so if you want to go ahead and place the RfC and do the other stuff now, feel free, but I'm happy to let it go until tomorrow at 00:00 UTC, so I personally won't do anything 'til then. --Gary D 01:32, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Tucson, Arizona/Archive 2


text:
Westhampton

Westhampton or Westampton may refer to a community in the United States:

 * Westhampton, Massachusetts
 * Westhampton, New York
 * Westampton Township, New Jersey

title: Westhampton


text:
Wheatfield

Wheatfield may refer to:

Locations

 * The Wheatfield, site of fierce fighting during the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg
 * Wheatfield, Indiana, U.S.
 * Wheatfield (Ellicott City, Maryland), U.S., a historic home
 * Wheatfield, New York, U.S.
 * Niagara-Wheatfield Central School District
 * Wheatfield, Oxfordshire, UK
 * Wheatfield, Virginia, U.S.
 * Wheatfield Prison, Dublin, Ireland
 * Wheatfield Fork Gualala River, a stream in the mountains of California

Other

 * Wheatfield Jr. Blades, an American junior ice hockey team based in Wheatfield, New York
 * Wheatfield Soul, an album released in 1968 by the Canadian rock band The Guess Who
 * Wheatfield (band), an Americana group also known as St. Elmo's Fire

title: Wheatfield


text:
Wheatland Township

Wheatland Township may refer to:

Illinois

 * Wheatland Township, Bureau County, Illinois
 * Wheatland Township, Fayette County, Illinois
 * Wheatland Township, Will County, Illinois

Iowa

 * Wheatland Township, Carroll County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Wheatland Township, Barton County, Kansas
 * Wheatland Township, Dickinson County, Kansas
 * Wheatland Township, Ellis County, Kansas
 * Wheatland Township, Ford County, Kansas

Michigan

 * Wheatland Township, Hillsdale County, Michigan
 * Wheatland Township, Mecosta County, Michigan
 * Wheatland Township, Sanilac County, Michigan

Minnesota

 * Wheatland Township, Rice County, Minnesota

Missouri

 * Wheatland Township, Hickory County, Missouri

North Dakota

 * Wheatland Township, Cass County, North Dakota, in Cass County, North Dakota

South Dakota

 * Wheatland Township, Day County, South Dakota, in Day County, South Dakota

title: Wheatland Township


text:
Westby

Westby may refer to:
 * England
 * Westby, Lancashire
 * Westby, Lincolnshire
 * U.S.A.
 * Westby, Montana
 * Westby, North Dakota
 * Westby, Wisconsin
 * Australia
 * Westby, New South Wales

title: Westby


text:
Janus Capital Group

Janus Capital Group, Inc. was an American publicly owned investment firm headquartered in Denver, Colorado. It was founded by Thomas H. Bailey as Stilwell Financial Incorporated in 1969. Outside the U.S., Janus had offices in Sydney, Paris, Zürich, Frankfurt, Dubai, Taipei, London, Milan, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Melbourne, and Singapore. It was a constituent of the S&P MidCap 400 Index.

It merged with Henderson Group in May 2017 to create Janus Henderson.

History
Janus was founded by Thomas H. Bailey in 1969. A controlling interest was purchased by Kansas City Southern Industries in 1984. Kansas City Southern Industries then demerged its financial services businesses to create Stilwell Financial in 1999. Bailey stepped down as president and CEO in June 2002.

The company was renamed Janus Capital Group, following the integration of Janus Capital Corporation into its parent company, Stilwell Financial, in January 2003.

The Janus Fund opened in 1970 with approximately a few hundred thousand dollars in assets.

Further funds were launched in 1985, including the Janus Venture Fund, its first small cap equity fund, and the Janus Twenty Fund, its first concentrated equity fund.

In 1991, Janus launched a number of other new types of fund, including its first global equity fund, the Janus Worldwide Fund, its first international equity fund, the Janus Overseas Fund, and its first mid cap equity fund, the Janus Enterprise Fund. It also launched the Janus Aspen Series (JAS), a product line created for investors wanting to invest in Janus through variable insurance contracts or certain qualified retirement plans.

Myron Scholes, Nobel laureate and Ph.D., joined Janus as chief investment strategist on July 8, 2014.

On September 26, 2014, Bill Gross left Pimco to join Janus as manager of the Janus global unconstrained bond strategy.

In October 2014, Janus acquired VS Holdings, a company based in Darien, Connecticut, and its VelocityShares business.

In July 2015, Janus acquired a majority interest in Kapstream Capital, a fixed income specialist.

In February 2016, Janus launched a small cap growth and small cap/mid cap growth ETF, followed in June by four new ETFs around investment themes – long-term care, health and fitness, organic foods and personal care (including health care issues related to obesity).

On October 3, 2016, Janus Capital Group Inc and Henderson Group plc announced a recommended merger of equals to create Janus Henderson.

title: Janus Capital Group


text:
Wisner

Wisner may refer to:

People

 * Wisner (surname)

Places
In the United States:
 * Wisner, Louisiana, a town in Franklin Parish
 * Wisner, Nebraska, a city in Cuming County
 * Wisner Township, Michigan, a township in Tuscola County
 * Wisner Township, Cuming County, Nebraska

title: Wisner


text:
Withee

Withee may refer to:

 * Mabel Withee (circa 1897-1952), American actress
 * Niram Withee (1827–1887), American politician
 * Withee, Wisconsin, a village, United States
 * Withee (town), Wisconsin, a town, United States

title: Withee


text:
Wood Lake

Wood Lake may refer to:

Places in the United States

 * Wood Lake, Louisiana
 * Wood Lake, Minnesota
 * Wood Lake, Nebraska

Canada

 * Wood Lake (British Columbia)

United States

 * Wood Lake (Lyon County, Minnesota)
 * Wood Lake, a lake in Watonwan County, Minnesota
 * Wood Lake (Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota)
 * Wood Lake (Montana), a lake in Stillwater County, Montana
 * Wood Lake, a lake in Benson County, North Dakota
 * Wood Lake Township (disambiguation)

title: Wood Lake


text:
Woodhull

Woodhull may refer to:
 * Woodhull, Illinois
 * Woodhull, New York
 * Woodhull Lake (New York)
 * Woodhull Township, Michigan
 * Woodhull, Wisconsin
 * Woodhull Sexual Freedom Alliance, previously known as the Woodhull Freedom Foundation
 * Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, Brooklyn, New York

People with the surname

 * Abraham Woodhull (1750–1826), American spy during Revolutionary War
 * Alfred Alexander Woodhull (1837–1921), US Army surgeon
 * Caleb Smith Woodhull (1792–1866), Mayor of New York
 * Jesse Woodhull (1735–1795), New York politician
 * Kate C. Woodhull (1842–1926), American missionary physician in China
 * Maxwell Van Zandt Woodhull (1843–1921), American Union brevet brigadier general
 * Nathaniel Woodhull (1722–1776), New York militia general
 * Victoria Woodhull (1838–1927), American suffragette

title: Woodhull


text:
White Earth

White Earth/White Earths may refer to:

 * Anthropology
 * Zaculeu ("White Earth"), pre-classic city of the Mam-Maya of Guatemala (Saqulew in modern orthography)
 * Saqulewab, "White Earths", referring to the Mam people in the Popol Vuh

 * United States
 * White Earth, Minnesota, a census-designated place
 * White Earth Indian Reservation in Minnesota
 * White Earth Band of Ojibwe
 * White Earth River (Minnesota)
 * White Earth, North Dakota, a small city
 * White Earth River (North Dakota)

 * Science
 * A special case derived from Earth climate simulations whereby the Earth is plunged into a state of total glaciation. Seems to provide statistical support for the Snowball Earth (also known as "White Earth") theory.

 * Entertainment
 * The White Earth, a Miles Franklin Award-winning novel by Andrew McGahan
 * White Earth (film), a documentary film nominated for an Academy Award

title: White Earth


text:
Whitesboro

Whitesboro may refer to:

 * Whitesboro, California
 * Whitesboro, New Jersey
 * Whitesboro, New York
 * Whitesboro, Oklahoma
 * Whitesboro, Texas

title: Whitesboro


text:
Whiteside

Whiteside may refer to:

Places

 * Australia
 * Whiteside, Queensland, suburb in the Moreton Bay Region, Queensland
 * Canada
 * Whiteside, Nova Scotia
 * United Kingdom
 * Whiteside (Lake District), a fell in the west of the English Lake District
 * Whiteside, a historic farm in Carrycoats estate in Northumberland
 * Whiteside in Thirlwall, Northumberland
 * Whiteside in Whalton, Northumberland
 * Whiteside, West Lothian, a village on the edge of Bathgate, Scotland
 * United States
 * Whiteside County, Illinois, county in Illinois
 * Whiteside, Missouri, village in Lincoln County, Missouri
 * Whiteside, Tennessee, unincorporated place in Marion County, Tennessee
 * Whiteside Mountain, Jackson County, North Carolina

Other uses

 * Whiteside (surname)

title: Whiteside


text:
Whitfield

Whitfield may refer to:

Australia

 * Whitfield, Queensland, a suburb of Cairns
 * Whitfield, Victoria, an agricultural township

England

 * Whitfield, Derbyshire, a hamlet and former parish
 * Whitfield, Gloucestershire, a hamlet
 * Whitfield, Herefordshire
 * Whitfield, Kent, a village, civil parish and electoral ward
 * Whitfield, Northamptonshire, a village and parish
 * Whitfield, Northumberland, a village and former civil parish

Ireland

 * Whitfield, Waterford

Scotland

 * Whitfield, Dundee, a residential, social-housing scheme located to the north of Dundee, Scotland

United States

 * Whitfield, Manatee County, Florida, an unincorporated community and census-designated place
 * Whitfield, Santa Rosa County, Florida, an unincorporated community and census-designated place
 * Whitfield, Indiana, an unincorporated community
 * Whitfield, Kansas, a ghost town
 * Whitfield, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
 * Whitfield, Jones County, Mississippi, an unincorporated community
 * Whitfield, Rankin County, Mississippi, an unincorporated community
 * Whitfield, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place
 * Whitfield, Tennessee, an unincorporated community
 * Whitfield, Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Whitfield County, Georgia

People

 * Whitfield (surname), including a list of people
 * Whitfield (given name), a list of people
 * Whitfield family, a Norman family of landowners in Northumberland, England
 * Whitfield family of the United States, an American South political family, a cadet branch of the Whitfield family

Schools

 * Whitfield School, Creve Coeur, Missouri, a private prep school
 * Whitfield High School, original name of Braeview Academy, Dundee, Scotland

Transportation

 * Whitfield Street, London Borough of Camden
 * Whitfield railway line, a former railway in Victoria, Australia
 * Whitfield railway station, the terminus railway station for the Whitfield railway line

Other uses

 * The Whitfield Prize, awarded annually by the Royal Historical Society
 * Whitfield Records, a record label
 * Whitfield Barracks, Hong Kong, a former barracks

title: Whitfield


text:
Whittemore

Whittemore may refer to:

 * Whittemore (surname)
 * Whittemore, Iowa, United States
 * Whittemore, Michigan, United States

title: Whittemore


text:
Williams Township

Williams Township may refer to the following places:

 * Williams Township, Lonoke County, Arkansas
 * Williams Township, Sangamon County, Illinois
 * Williams Township, Calhoun County, Iowa
 * Williams Township, Hamilton County, Iowa
 * Williams Township, Bay County, Michigan (Williams Charter Township, Michigan)
 * Williams Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
 * Williams Township, Benton County, Missouri
 * Williams Township, Stone County, Missouri
 * Williams Township, Wayne County, Missouri
 * Williams Township, Chatham County, North Carolina
 * Williams Township, Columbus County, North Carolina
 * Williams Township, Martin County, North Carolina
 * Williams Township, Kidder County, North Dakota
 * Williams Township, Nelson County, North Dakota
 * Williams Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
 * Williams Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania

 * See also:

 * Williams (disambiguation)

title: Williams Township


text:
Wilmot Township

Wilmot Township may refer to the following places:

Australia

 * Wilmot, Tasmania (a township)

Canada

 * Wilmot Township, Ontario
 * Wilmot, Nova Scotia (formerly Wilmot Township, Nova Scotia)

United States

 * Wilmot Township, Ashley County, Arkansas
 * Wilmot Township, Michigan
 * Wilmot Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania

title: Wilmot Township


text:
Windsor Township

Windsor Township may refer to the following places:

 * Windsor Township, Shelby County, Illinois
 * Windsor Township, Fayette County, Iowa
 * Windsor Township, Cowley County, Kansas
 * Windsor Township, Eaton County, Michigan (Windsor Charter Township, Michigan)
 * Windsor Township, Traverse County, Minnesota
 * Windsor Township, Jefferson County, Missouri
 * Windsor Township, Henry County, Missouri
 * Windsor Township, New Jersey, former township divided into:
 * East Windsor Township, Mercer County, New Jersey
 * West Windsor Township, Mercer County, New Jersey
 * Windsor Township, Bertie County, North Carolina
 * Winston Township, Forsyth County, North Carolina
 * Windsor Township, Stutsman County, North Dakota
 * Windsor Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio
 * Windsor Township, Lawrence County, Ohio
 * Windsor Township, Morgan County, Ohio
 * Windsor Township, Pennsylvania
 * Windsor Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania
 * Windsor Township, York County, Pennsylvania
 * and also: Lower Windsor Township, Pennsylvania

title: Windsor Township


text:
Winfield Township

Winfield Township may refer to the following places:

 * Winfield Township, DuPage County, Illinois
 * Winfield Township, Lake County, Indiana
 * Winfield Township, Scott County, Iowa
 * Winfield Township, Osborne County, Kansas
 * Winfield Township, Montcalm County, Michigan
 * Winfield Township, Renville County, Minnesota
 * Winfield Township, Union County, New Jersey
 * Winfield Township, Stutsman County, North Dakota
 * Winfield Township, Pennsylvania

 * See also:

 * Winfield (disambiguation)

title: Winfield Township


text:
Winslow Township

Winslow Township may refer to the following places:

 * Winslow Township, Washington County, Arkansas
 * Winslow Township, Stephenson County, Illinois
 * Winslow Township, Camden County, New Jersey
 * Winslow Township, Pennsylvania

title: Winslow Township


text:
Wiota

Wiota may refer to:

Places

 * United States
 * Wiota, Iowa, a city
 * Wiota, Wisconsin, a town
 * Wiota (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

title: Wiota


text:
Ahn Chang Ho

Ahn Chang Ho (November 9, 1878 – March 10, 1938), sometimes An Chang-ho, was a prominent Korean politician, Korean independence activist, and an early leader of the Korean-American immigrant community in the United States. He is also commonly referred to by his art name Dosan.

He and his wife were the first Koreans to legally immigrate to the US as a married couple. Ahn was a Protestant social activist who in 1907 established the later prominent Korean independence organization Shinminhoe when he returned to Korea from the US. He also established the Young Korean Academy in San Francisco in 1913, and was a key founding member of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai in 1919. He is also one of two men believed to have written the lyrics of South Korean national anthem, "Aegukga".

Early life
Ahn was born Ahn Chi-sam on 9 November 1878 in Kangso County, Pyeongan Province, Joseon (present-day South Pyongan, North Korea). He was the third son of father An Hŭng-kuk, and mother Hwang Mong-un. Ahn came from the Sunheung Ahn clan, and his ancestry can be traced back to the prominent Goryeo scholar Ahn Hyang.

Ahn was born into an impoverished farming family during the unstable last few decades of the Joseon dynasty. He began studying at a seodang around age 8 in preparation for the gwageo, the demanding civil service examinations that determined placement in government intellectual jobs. After his father died when he was around age 11, he was raised by his grandfather.

Ahn changed his name around age 10; his father also changed his name from Ahn Kyo-jin to Ahn Heung-guk.

In 1895, 16-year-old Ahn was disturbed by the destruction of the First Sino-Japanese War, and became determined to improve Korea. He moved to Seoul to receive a Western-style education at a Presbyterian missionary-sponsored school in Seoul run by Horace Grant Underwood and Rev. F. S. Miller called Kusehaktang. He studied there for three years, converting to Christianity and working for Dr. Oliver R. Avison at Chejungwon, the first medical institution in Korea (now part of Yonsei University Medical Center).

Around 1897, he joined the Independence Club and became a leader of its Pyongyang branch. Through this short-lived club, he gave speeches to crowds of hundreds and became associated with people who would become prominent in the independence movement, including Syngman Rhee and Yun Chi-ho. He also became engaged to his future wife Helen Ahn around this time.

He then returned to his home province of Pyeongan, and around 1899 established the Chŏmjin school, the first coeducational school founded by a Korean, and the T'anp'ori Church. He then decided to further his education by going to the US. He married Helen on 3 September 1902, and shortly afterwards departed for the US.

Immigration to America
On October 14, 1902, Ahn and his wife arrived in San Francisco. They were among the first Koreans to move to the US, and the first married Korean couple to do so, with passports numbered 51 and 52. In order to learn how to speak English, Ahn enrolled in an American primary school. He also sought work from Koreans who had already settled there.

The couple had a difficult time finding work due to anti-Asian sentiment and their poor English skills. While work was available in the agricultural sector, Korean immigrants still had a difficult time getting employment there due to a Japanese monopoly on labor contracts and the lack of their own labor bureau.

Pachappa Camp
In 1904, they moved to Riverside after encouragement from two Korean friends who worked on citrus farms there. There, Ahn acquired employment at Alta Cresta Groves and help establishing the Korean Employment Bureau (also "Korean Labor Bureau"), which contributed to the growth of the Korean population there. Ultimately, his efforts to bring Koreans there led to the establishment of Pachappa Camp, also sometimes called "Dosan's Republic". A number of academics and city of Riverside consider it to be the first Korean settlement in the US, and in 2017 the Camp was designated a "Point of Cultural Interest" by the Riverside City Council.

Korean National Association
Kim was a founder and leader of a series of early Korean American organizations that eventually become the Korean National Association.

On September 22, 1903, Ahn and eight others founded the first ever Korean American organization, the Korean Friendship Society, and he was elected its first president. During that time, around 20 Koreans lived in San Francisco, including the Ahn couple. In 1904, this group played a key role in settling and educating hundreds of Korean immigrants coming from Asian and from Hawaii. On 4 April 1905, the Society changed its name to the Mutual Assistance Society (or alternatively Mutual Assistance Association ). Its headquarters was at 938 Pacific St. in San Francisco. As part of the Society, on 20 November 1905 Ahn cofounded the newspaper The United Korean (also "Kong Lip Shinbo" or "The Independent" ), the predecessor of the 1909 newspaper Sinhan Minbo. During the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, their office burned down, leading them to publish from Oakland instead. The Sinhan Minbo would continue to publish and be a significant source of news about the Korean peninsula until well after World War II.

On March 23, 1908, the Durham Stevens assassination, in which Stevens was assassinated after publicly claiming that Korea was better off under Japanese occupation, led to anti-Korean sentiment. In response to this event, the Society merged with the Hawaii-based United Korean Society, becoming the Korean National Association on 10 February 1909. This combined group was widely considered to represent the Korean American community until the end of World War II.

Return to Korea
In 1926, he departed by ship from San Pedro, California, to China. He would not return to the United States often from this point onwards, although he and his family were registered as residents of 106 North Figueroa St, Los Angeles, on April 24, 1930. During Ahn's anti-Japanese activism in Korea, he was arrested and imprisoned by the Japanese Imperial government at least five times. He was first arrested in 1909 in connection with Ahn Jung-geun's assassination of Itō Hirobumi, the Japanese Resident General of Korea. Ahn was tortured and punished many times during the years of his activism. In 1932 he was arrested in Shanghai, China in connection with Yun Bong-gil's bombing at Hongkew Park (April 29, 1932). He was a naturalized Chinese citizen at this time and illegally extradited back to Korea, where he was convicted of violating Japan's "Preservation of Peace Laws" and sentenced to five years in Taejon prison.

Death
In 1937, Japanese authorities arrested Ahn, but due to complications from severe internal illness, he was released on bail and transferred to the Keijō Imperial University (now Seoul National University Hospital) where he died on March 10, 1938. Judging that Ahn Changho's death might lead to a popular demonstration, the Japanese military limited the number of people attending the funeral, allowing only a small number of relatives to attend.

Legacy and memorials
Many consider Ahn Chang-ho to be one of the key moral and philosophical leaders of Korea during the 20th century. In the turmoil immediately before and during the Japanese occupation of Korea, he called for the moral and spiritual renewal of the Korean people through education as one of the important components in their struggle for independence and building a democratic society. Ahn also included economic and military components in his independence movement strategies.

Dosan Park and Memorial Hall were built to honor Ahn's memory in Gangnam-gu, Seoul. Another memorial was built in downtown Riverside, California, to honor him. Ahn's family home on 36th Place in Los Angeles has been restored by the University of Southern California (USC), on whose campus it sits (albeit in a different location). Ahn never lived in the house on the USC campus since the Ahn family moved there in 1935 many years after Ahn had gone back to Shanghai.

At the request of Congresswoman Diane Watson, the USPS Post Office in Koreatown at Harvard and 6th Street was named Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Station. This was the first USPS naming honoring an Asian.

In 2011, the Ellis Island Foundation installed a plaque honoring Ahn to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his entrance to the United States through Ellis Island from London on September 3, 1911. He sailed from Glasgow aboard the SS Caledonia.

The City of Los Angeles, in the early 1990s, declared the nearby intersection of Jefferson Boulevard and Van Buren Place - across from the Korean National Association and Korean Presbyterian church - to be named "Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Square" in his honor. In 2002, the main freeway interchange in downtown Los Angeles where the 10 Freeway and 110 Freeway meet was also renamed the Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange.

The third pattern of ITF-style Taekwondo, which is made up of 24 movements, is called Do-San or Dosan in his honor. This is the pattern that is required to advance from 7th Kup Yellow Belt with Green Tag to 6th Kup Green Belt.

In 2012, Ahn was posthumously inducted into the International Civil Rights Walk of Fame at the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site in Atlanta, Georgia. His grandson Philip Cuddy accepted the honor at the ceremony in Atlanta on behalf of Ahn.

On November 8, 2013, Ahn was given an Honorary Diploma by his alma mater, Yonsei University, in recognition of his service as teaching assistant at Gusae Hakdang and for his work at Jejungwon and Severance Hospital. Ahn was also a good influence on many Yonsei and Severance Medical School alumni. Susan Cuddy's son, Philip Cuddy, initiated the awarding of the honorary diploma and provide the historical records. Yonsei President accepted the diploma in a ceremony in Seoul on behalf of Ahn.

The Republic of Korea Navy Dosan Ahn Changho-class submarine was named in his honor and the lead ship entered service on 13 August 2021.

Personal life
Ahn married Helen Ahn (née Lee) (21 April 1884 – 21 April 1969) on 3 September 1902, shortly before their immigration to the US, and they remained married until his death in 1937. She was a housewife and raised the couple's children on her own for many years. She also actively supported the independence movement through local fundraising and community organizing. She was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation in 2008 by the South Korean government and is buried in Dosan Park, along with her husband.

The couple had three sons and two daughters. Sons Philip Ahn and Ralph Ahn were actors. Philip is considered the first Korean-American actor in Hollywood and one of the most prolific Asian-American actors of his time, and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Susan Ahn Cuddy was a US Navy lieutenant who worked for the Office of Naval Intelligence, the National Security Agency, the Library of Congress, and the US Department of Defense. She was the first woman to serve as a gunnery officer in the U.S. Navy.

Soorah Ahn Buffum (27 May 1917 – 18 June 2016) was a restaurateur and 1948 graduate of USC. She died at age 99.

Philson Ahn (5 July 1912 – 23 May 2001) was an engineer and aerospace executive. He acted in minor roles in several films and attained his Bachelor in Chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley. He never learned to speak Korean very well. Despite the mistrust of Asians during World War II, he worked at the Hughes Aircraft Company first as a chemist and later as a manager, and contributed to the development of the infamous Hughes H-4 Hercules. In the later parts of the war, he was later scouted by the US Office of Strategic Services, which worked on missions such as the Eagle Project to destabilize Japan, but was prevented from doing so by his company. He visited Korea for the first time in 1992 at age 79.

title: Ahn Chang Ho


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Effects of Isolation

Effects of Isolation
Effects of Isolation was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

Someone's school essay on The Scarlet Letter. Clearly original research, and not much worth merging in at that. -℘yrop (talk) 06:10, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Would be worth merging if the author had any idea of alienation. Delete. —ExplorerCDT 06:21, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. What's with people posting their school papers? Wikipedia is not a school paper database. --Szyslak 07:51, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sadly, delete rather than merge, because there is nothing particularly worth merging, but I would not want to generally discourage "donated" school papers: we got quite a running start on the History of Seattle series from one. -- Jmabel | Talk 09:44, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: people donating their school papers is not the worst fate by a long shot. -- Antaeus Feldspar 17:34, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That's a good point. There are plenty of encyclopedic and potentially encyclopedic school papers out there. I was really complaining about unencyclopedic school papers, like this one and a few others I've seen. I once saw one that was mostly an annotated bibliography, with a "prose" section that read like a PowerPoint presentation (and probably was one!). (It was redirected, by the way.) --Szyslak 18:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree. But I also vote delete.  Edeans 00:32, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, original research, I walked out on the movie. Wyss 22:04, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Winneconne

Winneconne may refer to:

 * Winneconne, Wisconsin, a village
 * Winneconne (town), Wisconsin, a town

title: Winneconne


text:
Woodsboro

Woodsboro may refer to a place in the United States:

 * Woodsboro, Maryland
 * Woodsboro, Texas
 * Woodsboro, California, a fictional town where multiple films in the Scream horror movie franchise are set.

title: Woodsboro


text:
Putnam Township

Putnam Township may refer to:

 * Putnam Township, Fayette County, Iowa
 * Putnam Township, Linn County, Iowa
 * Putnam Township, Anderson County, Kansas
 * Putnam Township, Stafford County, Kansas, in Stafford County, Kansas
 * Putnam Township, Michigan
 * Putnam Township, Pennsylvania

title: Putnam Township


text:
Raceland

Raceland may refer to:

Communities

 * Raceland, Kentucky, a city in Greenup County
 * Raceland, Louisiana, an unincorporated community in Lafourche Parish

Horse racing

 * Raceland (estate), a former estate and horse racing track in the U.S. state of Massachusetts
 * Raceland (horse) (1885–1894), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Raceland (race track), a horse racing track that operated in the 1920s in the U.S. state of Kentucky

Other uses

 * Raceland-Worthington Independent School District, a school district in the U.S. state of Kentucky
 * SS Raceland, final name of a ship best known as the USS Howick Hall and sunk during World War II
 * Wacky Raceland, a comic book series introduced in 2016

title: Raceland


text:
Ramblewood

Ramblewood may refer to a location in the United States:

 * Ramblewood, New Jersey, a census-designated place
 * Ramblewood, Pennsylvania, a census-designated place
 * Ramblewood, Baltimore, Maryland, a neighborhood in north Baltimore

title: Ramblewood


text:
Randlett

Randlett may refer to:
 * Randlett, Utah
 * Randlett, Oklahoma

title: Randlett


text:
River Bend

River Bend may refer to:
 * River Bend, North Carolina
 * River Bend, Missouri
 * River Bend, South Africa
 * River Bend Nuclear Generating Station, located 24 miles NNW of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, owned and operated by Entergy Corporation
 * River Bend (Illinois)
 * River Bend, West Virginia

title: River Bend


text:
Rockaway Beach

Rockaway Beach may refer to:

 * "Rockaway Beach" (song), by the Ramones
 * Rockaway Beach, California
 * Rockaway Beach, Missouri
 * Rockaway Beach, Oregon
 * Rockaway Beach, Wisconsin
 * Rockaway Beach, Queens, New York City
 * Rockaway Beach and Boardwalk, beach in Queens

title: Rockaway Beach


text:
Rockbridge

Rockbridge or Rock Bridge may refer to:

Geological features and parks

 * A Natural arch
 * Rock Bridge Memorial State Park, Missouri
 * Rockbridge State Nature Preserve, Ohio

Places

 * United States
 * Rockbridge, Georgia
 * Rockbridge, Illinois
 * Rockbridge, Missouri
 * Rockbridge, Ohio
 * Rockbridge, Wisconsin
 * Rockbridge (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Rockbridge County, Virginia

Other uses

 * Rock Bridge High School
 * Rockbridge PAC, right-wing 'anti-Koch' network
 * USS Rockbridge (APA-228)

title: Rockbridge


text:
Rollingwood

Rollingwood may refer to:
 * Rollingwood, California
 * Rollingwood, Texas

title: Rollingwood


text:
Rosholt

Rosholt may refer to:

 * Rosholt (surname)
 * Rosholt, Wisconsin, a town in Portage County, Wisconsin
 * Rosholt, South Dakota, a town in Roberts County, South Dakota

title: Rosholt


text:
Rossie

Rossie may refer to:

Places

 * Rossie, Fife, Scotland
 * Rossie, Iowa, United States
 * Rossie, New York, United States
 * Rossie Island, Angus Scotland; see Ferryden
 * Rossie Priory, a country house and estate in Perthshire, Scotland

People

 * Bob Rosburg (nicknamed "Rossie"; 1926–2009), American golfer and sports color analyst
 * Simon Ross (nicknamed "Rossie"), British radio personality
 * Rossie D. Alston Jr. (born 1957), United States District Judge

Other uses

 * Baron Rossie, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
 * Hutchison baronets, of Rossie
 * Rossie (1807 ship), American schooner captured by the British in 1813

title: Rossie


text:
Rosston

Rosston may refer to a place in the United States:

 * Rosston, Arkansas
 * Rosston, Indiana
 * Rosston, Oklahoma
 * Rosston, Texas

title: Rosston


text:
Russell Springs

Russell Springs may refer to a place in the United States:

 * Russell Springs, Kansas
 * Russell Springs, Kentucky

title: Russell Springs


text:
Salesville

Salesville may refer to some places in the United States:

 * Salesville, Arkansas
 * Salesville, Ohio

title: Salesville


text:
Sand Creek

Sand Creek may refer to a location in the United States:

Communities

 * Sand Creek, Guyana, a village in Guyana
 * Sand Creek, Michigan, an unincorporated community
 * Sand Creek, Oklahoma, in Grant County
 * Sand Creek, Wisconsin, a town
 * Sand Creek (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community within the town of Sand Creek
 * Sand Creek Township (disambiguation)

Streams

 * Sand Creek (Denver, Colorado), a tributary of the South Platte River flowing through Aurora, Denver, and Commerce City, Colorado
 * Sand Creek (Colorado Springs, Colorado), a tributary of Fountain Creek
 * Sand Creek (Wyoming), a tributary of the Laramie River and a National Natural Landmark
 * Sand Creek, (San Bernardino County, California), a tributary of Warm Creek, a tributary of Lytle Creek
 * Sand Creek (San Diego County, California), a tributary of the San Diego River
 * Sand Creek (St. Croix River), in Pine County, eastern Minnesota
 * Sand Creek (Minnesota River), in Le Sueur and Scott counties, Minnesota
 * Sand Creek (Tebo Creek), a stream in Missouri
 * Sand Creek (Wolf Creek), a stream in Missouri
 * Sand Creek (Niobrara River tributary), a stream in Holt County, Nebraska
 * Sand Creek (Willow Creek tributary), a stream in Rock County, Nebraska
 * Big Sandy Creek (Colorado), site of the Sand Creek Massacre
 * Big Sandy Creek (Montana), also known as Sand Creek

Other uses

 * Sand Creek High School in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
 * Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site, Colorado, USA
 * Sand Creek Massacre in southeastern Colorado Territory, USA in 1864
 * Sand Creek Natural Area, a protected area in Larimer County, Colorado, USA

title: Sand Creek


text:
Scottsburg

Scottsburg may refer to:
 * Scottsburg, former name of Centerville, Fresno County, California
 * Scottsburg, Indiana
 * Scottsburg, Pike County, Indiana
 * Scottsburg, Virginia

title: Scottsburg


text:
Scottville

Scottville may refer to:

 * Scottville, Queensland, in Australia
 * Scottville, Illinois, in the United States
 * Scottsville, Kentucky, in the United States, originally known as Scottville
 * Scottville, Michigan, in the United States
 * Scottville, North Carolina, in the United States
 * Scottville, Virginia, in the United States (former name for Powhatan, Virginia)

title: Scottville


text:
Seven Springs

Seven Springs may refer to:

Places
In England
 * Seven Springs, Gloucestershire, a spring and hamlet, and one possible source of the River Thames

In the United States
 * Seven Springs, Pennsylvania
 * Seven Springs Mountain Resort
 * Seven Springs, North Carolina
 * Seven Springs (Enfield, Virginia), a historic home
 * Seven Springs (Bedford, New York), a residence owned by Donald Trump

Other uses

 * Seven Springs (restaurant), a South Korean restaurant chain

title: Seven Springs


text:
Sharon Township

Sharon Township may refer to:

Illinois

 * Sharon Township, Fayette County, Illinois

Iowa

 * Sharon Township, Appanoose County, Iowa
 * Sharon Township, Audubon County, Iowa
 * Sharon Township, Clinton County, Iowa
 * Sharon Township, Johnson County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Sharon Township, Barber County, Kansas

Michigan

 * Sharon Township, Michigan

Minnesota

 * Sharon Township, Le Sueur County, Minnesota

Nebraska

 * Sharon Township, Buffalo County, Nebraska

North Dakota

 * Sharon Township, Steele County, North Dakota

Ohio

 * Sharon Township, Franklin County, Ohio
 * Sharon Township, Medina County, Ohio
 * Sharon Township, Noble County, Ohio
 * Sharon Township, Richland County, Ohio

Pennsylvania

 * Sharon Township, Pennsylvania

South Dakota

 * Sharon Township, Hutchinson County, South Dakota

title: Sharon Township


text:
Sheboygan Falls

Sheboygan Falls may refer to:

 * Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin
 * Sheboygan Falls (town), Wisconsin

title: Sheboygan Falls


text:
Silver Creek Township

Silver Creek Township may refer to:

Illinois

 * Silver Creek Township, Stephenson County, Illinois

Indiana

 * Silver Creek Township, Clark County, Indiana

Iowa

 * Silver Creek Township, Ida County, Iowa
 * Silver Creek Township, Mills County, Iowa
 * Silver Creek Township, Pottawattamie County, Iowa

Kansas

 * Silver Creek Township, Cowley County, Kansas

Michigan

 * Silver Creek Township, Cass County, Michigan

Minnesota

 * Silver Creek Township, Wright County, Minnesota
 * Silver Creek Township, Lake County, Minnesota

Missouri

 * Silver Creek Township, Randolph County, Missouri

Nebraska

 * Silver Creek Township, Burt County, Nebraska
 * Silvercreek Township, Dixon County, Nebraska
 * Silver Creek Township, Merrick County, Nebraska

North Carolina

 * Silver Creek Township, Burke County, North Carolina

Ohio

 * Silvercreek Township, Greene County, Ohio

South Dakota

 * Silver Creek Township, Sanborn County, South Dakota

title: Silver Creek Township


text:
Society Hill (disambiguation)

Society Hill is a historic neighborhood of Philadelphia.

Society Hill may also refer to:

 * "Society Hill" (Body of Proof), an episode of Body of Proof
 * Society Hill, Alabama, an unincorporated community
 * Society Hill, Middlesex County, New Jersey, an unincorporated community
 * Society Hill, South Carolina, a town in Darlington County
 * Society Hill Historic District (Portage, Wisconsin)
 * Society Hill, a housing development in Droyer's Point, Jersey City, New Jersey

title: Society Hill (disambiguation)


text:
St. Clair Township

St. Clair Township may refer to:

 * Places in Canada:

 * St. Clair Township, Ontario

 * Places in the United States:

 * St. Clair Township, St. Clair County, Illinois
 * St. Clair Township, Benton County, Iowa
 * St. Clair Township, Monona County, Iowa
 * St. Clair Township, St. Clair County, Michigan
 * St. Clair Township, Butler County, Ohio
 * St. Clair Township, Columbiana County, Ohio
 * St. Clair Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, a former township
 * St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania
 * and also:
 * East St. Clair Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania
 * Upper St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania
 * West St. Clair Township, Pennsylvania

title: St. Clair Township


text:
St. Joseph Township

St. Joseph Township may refer to:

In Canada:
 * St. Joseph Township, Ontario

In the United States:
 * St. Joseph Township, Champaign County, Illinois
 * St. Joseph Township, Allen County, Indiana
 * St. Joseph Township, Berrien County, Michigan (Saint Joseph Charter Township)
 * St. Joseph Township, Stearns County, Minnesota
 * St. Joseph Township, Kittson County, Minnesota
 * St. Joseph Township, Pembina County, North Dakota
 * St. Joseph Township, Williams County, Ohio

title: St. Joseph Township


text:
St. Leo

St. Leo may refer to one of several saints named Leo, or:

Australia

 * St Leo's Catholic College, Sydney
 * St Leo's College, University of Queensland, Brisbane

Canada

 * Saint Leo's Elementary School (Brantford), Ontario
 * St. Leo's Roman Catholic Church, Mimico

Ireland

 * St Leo's College, Carlow

United States

 * St. Leo, Florida
 * Saint Leo Abbey
 * St. Leo, Kansas
 * St. Leo, Minnesota
 * Saint Leo, West Virginia

Schools

 * Saint Leo University, St Leo, Florida
 * St. Leo the Great School, Oakland, California
 * St. Leo the Great School, San Jose, California
 * St.Leo's Parish School, Elmwood Park, New Jersey
 * St. Leo Catholic School, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
 * St. Leo Primary School, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Churches named St. Leo

 * Saint Leo the Great Parish, within the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose, California
 * St.Leo's Roman Catholic Church, Elmwood Park, New Jersey
 * Chapel of St Leo, Żurrieq, Malta

Other

 * St. Leo's (soccer team), an early twentieth century American soccer team

title: St. Leo


text:
Stafford Township

Stafford Township may refer to:

Indiana

 * Stafford Township, DeKalb County, Indiana
 * Stafford Township, Greene County, Indiana

Kansas

 * Stafford Township, Stafford County, Kansas, in Stafford County, Kansas

Minnesota

 * Stafford Township, Roseau County, Minnesota

New Jersey

 * Stafford Township, New Jersey

North Dakota

 * Stafford Township, Renville County, North Dakota, in Renville County, North Dakota

title: Stafford Township