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CIGM-FM

CIGM-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts in Sudbury, Ontario. The station airs a CHR/Top 40 format at 93.5 MHz on the FM dial with the branding Hot 93.5. The station is owned and operated by Stingray Group.

History
The station first aired at 92.7 FM in 1965, with the call letters CKSO-FM, airing a more extensive schedule of CBC Radio programming than its AM sister station CKSO. It adopted the CIGM calls and a country format in 1978, after CBC Radio was granted a license for its own O&O station, CBCS-FM.

CIGM and CKSO were owned by Cambrian Broadcasting. The GM in the station's call sign was chosen by 1978 to honour George Miller, one of the founding investors in the company. Miller died in 1977.

As part of Cambrian's sale of CKSO-TV to Mid-Canada Communications in 1979/1980, the company's shareholders dissolved Cambrian and reincorporated themselves as a new company, called United Broadcasting, which retained ownership of the radio stations. In 1986, United Broadcasting sold CKSO and CIGM to Telemedia.

On March 16, 1990, the CRTC approved Telemedia Communications Ontario Inc.'s application to amend the Promise of Performance for CIGM by changing the music format from Group III (Country and Country-Oriented) to Group IV (40% Pop and Rock-Softer; 60% Pop and Rock-Harder). Two months later, on May 18, 1990, CKSO and CIGM swapped frequencies. CIGM moved to CKSO's 790 slot on the AM dial, and CKSO took on the new call letters CJRQ and CIGM's 92.7 FM frequency. After the 1990 swap, the CKSO call sign no longer existed in the Sudbury area until an unrelated Christian music radio station (as CKSO-FM) began test transmissions in late 2002.

In 2002, Telemedia was purchased by Standard Broadcasting. Shortly afterward, Standard sold CJRQ, CIGM and CJMX to Rogers Radio.

In fall 2005, CIGM and sister station CKAT in North Bay underwent a format change, with country music cut back, although not entirely eliminated, in favour of increased news and sports programming. After the change, both stations used slogans such as "Today's Country", "News Leader" and "Sports Leader".

Newcap acquisition
In July 2008, Rogers announced it would trade CIGM to Newcap Broadcasting in exchange for Halifax AM station CFDR. Both stations were the sole remaining AM stations in their respective markets, and in both cases the original owner already had the maximum permitted number of FM stations in the applicable market, whereas the acquirer only had a single FM station. Both companies applied to move the stations to FM as part of the trade. Newcap applied to convert CIGM to 93.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts.

The applications were approved on November 24. The purchase made CIGM a sister station to Newcap's CHNO-FM.

After longtime CIGM morning man Scott Overton's employment with the station was discontinued by Rogers during the ownership transition, he wrote a letter to the Sudbury Star and Northern Life thanking the station's audience for its loyalty and indicating that the station's "long history as a country station will apparently end within the next few months." In early 2009, a number of staff at CIGM were laid off, including the news director. Notably, Newcap had applied for a new CHR/Top 40 station in the round of CRTC license hearings that resulted in the launch of CICS-FM, a competing country music station owned by Larche Communications.

In late July 2009, CIGM's website went offline with a message advising listeners to check out the EZ Rock website, the former sister station of CIGM.

Switch back to FM
On August 17, 2009, CIGM began broadcasting on 93.5 MHz, stunting with a 10-minute test broadcast with mostly classic rock music (including a clip of "Radio Ga Ga" by Queen), including clips from television theme shows (such as Seinfeld and The Flintstones), random clips of other songs, some nature sounds, and sound effects, as well as advising listeners to tune in on August 20 at 10:00 a.m. — at which time the station switched stunts to a Chinese pop music format branded as Kung Pao 93.5, which was actually mostly Chinese classical instrumentals, with a few pop songs in rotation. The same stunt format was also aired by WVHT in Norfolk, Virginia for four days in April 2009. Notably, CIGM's website during the stunt was identical to the one that had been used by WVHT during its stunt — with the exception that the name of one of the station's fictional personalities was changed to "Felony Doll", a pun on the name of CJRQ morning host Mellaney Dahl.

At midnight on August 24, AM 790 finished its last country song, "There She Goes" by Sudbury native Gil Grand, followed by an announcement: It's been 32 years since CIGM was born. Since 1977, we've been proudly playing country music for Greater Sudbury. On behalf of everyone who has worked here over these many years, we'd like to say thanks to the loyal country fans who have shared a great journey, but the memories will last forever. Immediately after the announcement, the station aired a steady 394.5 Hz audio tone which lasted until the simulcasting of the new programming heard on 93.5 FM began on the morning of the 24th.

The station officially launched as Hot 93.5 on August 25 at 12:00 p.m. after a stunt of a clock ticking. The first song on "Hot" was "I Gotta Feeling" by The Black Eyed Peas, which started off 10,000 songs in a row commercial free; this ended on September 21, 2009, when regular programming began. This is the first time Sudbury has had a CHR/Top 40 station since sister CHNO-FM flipped formats to adult hits on January 1, 2006. On September 26, 2009, CIGM began airing syndicated countdown shows such as the Canadian Top 20 with Jimmy T, American Top 40 with Ryan Seacrest, Canadian Hit 30 Countdown and Rick Dees Weekly Top 40. The station also includes On Air with Ryan Seacrest which runs weekdays.

On September 30, 2009, at about 5:00 p.m., the old 50,000 watt AM 790 transmitter was turned off, ending nearly 75 years of AM broadcasting in Sudbury, being the last AM radio station outlet in the city.

The Sudbury Wolves games, which were formerly aired on CIGM, moved to CJTK-FM for the 2009-2010 Ontario Hockey League season.

According to the fall 2011 BBM ratings at Milkman Unlimited dated December 1, 2011, CIGM achieved the #1 status in Greater Sudbury among adults 25-54. Since the station signed on in 2009, the station is still branded as The New Hot 93.5.

On February 23, 2013, the Rick Dees Weekly Top 40, which was carried on both Saturday and Sundays every weekend, was replaced by Hollywood Hamilton's Weekend Top 30.

title: CIGM-FM


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EMC TA

The EMC-TA was a model of diesel locomotive produced for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad by the Electro-Motive Corporation in 1937. The original six Rock Island Rockets streamliners were three- or four-car stainless-steel semi-articulated trainsets built by Budd Company, powered by six identical locomotives, #601-606. The locomotives were classified as model TA—the T indicating Twelve hundred hp (890 kW), the A indicating an A unit (cab-equipped lead locomotive). The Rock Island Line was EMC's only customer for the TA locomotive model.

The styling of the TAs resembled the A units of the contemporary EA and E1 built in 1937, but the single 1,200 hp Winton 201-A motor provided only two-thirds the power of the E-units' 1,800 hp twin motor arrangement, the TAs were shorter and lighter, and they rode two-axle rather than three-axle trucks. Future locomotives for high-speed and long-distance passenger service would follow the direction taken by the EA/EB, E1 and E2; EMC's FT locomotives introduced in 1939 would adapt the single-engine two-axle truck layout of the TA and the cab/booster format of the E units to freight service. With the introduction of the E-series and the TA units EMC undertook regular production of locomotives of their own design, opening the standardized mass production phase in marketing Diesel power for passenger service.

Like the E-series and F-series locomotives, the TA was constructed as a carbody truss rather than having a separate chassis, a weight-saving innovation of early streamliners adapted to full-sized locomotives. The single Winton 201-A V16 engine was placed centrally, centered on the side door and twin flanking windows. The generator was attached behind it, with a cooling fan and air compressor after that. The rear of the unit was taken up with two steam generators for train heating and reservoirs for the air brakes. The cab sat two crew, engineer on the right and fireman on the left. The sloped nose contained air brake and train control equipment; beneath them sat the batteries, and beneath the cab was the water reservoir for the train heating boilers. Fuel was carried beneath the locomotive between the bogie. The trucks were 2-axle, both axles powered, giving the locomotive a B-B wheel arrangement.

The original paint scheme was maroon, red and silver; the bright red was a band at window height and another lower down, linking up at the nose. The rest of the nose end of the locomotive was maroon, and this color continued back at the base of the locomotive beneath the bright red stripe. The rear body of the locomotive was silver to match the train's stainless steel finish. Liberal amounts of stainless steel trim were applied, including "THE ROCKET" behind the cab doors, while "ROCK ISLAND" was painted in maroon against the silver locomotive sides.

As delivered, the TAs had a single headlight, but within a few years the Rock Island added a second, gyrating headlight for additional warning at grade crossings. In the 1950s the railroad added new, larger numberboards and removed the side skirting and the rear diaphragms from most of the locomotives. Other additions included MU receptacles next to the upper headlight and replacing the retractable front couplers with fixed ones.

When the original Rocket trainsets were withdrawn from service, the TAs, unlike the power units of many early streamliners, were able to continue in service, as they were fully separate locomotives capable of hauling ordinary railroad cars. They served long second careers hauling local and suburban trains. The TAs were finally retired between 1957 and 1958; all were scrapped.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: EMC TA


text:
Category talk:Aerial warfare

comment
What precisely is the difference between Aerial warfare and Military aviation? Can we merge these two? DJ Clayworth 19:51, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Military aviation encompasses non-combat activities such as humanitarian assistance provided by air forces - aerial warfare does not and is a narrower term. Greenshed (talk) 10:23, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Aerial warfare


text: User talk:68.94.16.91

title: User talk:68.94.16.91


text:
John Christopher Hartwick

John Christopher Hartwick (January 6, 1714 – July 17, 1796) was an American Lutheran minister in Colonial America and founder of Hartwick College.

Background
Hartwick was a native of the dukedom of Saxe-Gotha in the province of Thuringia in Germany and studied at the University of Halle. He was educated in the Lutheran Pietism movement. He was ordained a Lutheran Minister in the German Trinity Church of London on November 24, 1745.

Inspired to perform missionary work in the North American Colonies, Hartwick emigrated in 1746 to serve as a missionary to the German settlers in and around Rhinebeck in New York’s Hudson Valley.

He was an eccentric idealist and intolerant of parishioner's vices, requiring them to sign a promise that they would "forswear shooting, horse-racing, boozing, and dancing." He was forcefully removed from his first parish by fellow ministers of the area, and in his preaching career until 1691 moved around the northern colonies, looking to find congregations that matched his pious instructions.

In 1764 Hartwick wrote an article condemning the death penalty for theft as contrary to divine law.

New Jerusalem
Hartwick felt that allowing common persons to own land and live far from one another was the cause of their immorality. He envisioned a utopian community dedicated to the principles of pious living. Having little money to start, he made a series of land deals that helped to grow wealth and finance his ventures. Purchasing land required payment to the Indians, obtaining license, various land surveys, identifying partnerships and co-petitioners, and paying quit-rent and taxes to the Crown.

In April 1761, Hartwick obtained a nearly 22,000 acre land patent called 'the Hartwick Patent' in Otsego County, New York located southwest of what would become Cooperstown. This patent was granted by the Colony of New York, and required payment for title to the Mohawk Indians. The attempts toward a permanent settlement on the site was made in waves thereafter, although Hartwick has trouble attracting settlers in the first years of the patent.

In following years, a 100,000 acre patent of land to the north of the Hartwick Patent was secured, and in 1785 Judge William Cooper came to survey land tracts in a portioned land tract called the Cooper-Craig Patent, neighboring immediately to the north. Hartwick continued to struggle to attract settlers to his patent in 1788 and 1789 attempts, and did not survey his land for the required 11 divisions until 1791 as required by the patent documents.

Seeking assistance in settlement of his tract, Hartwick thereafter commissioned this neighboring landowner Cooper to lease Hartwick Patent land to suitable Christian settlers for the establishment of this "New Jerusalem." Cooper essentially ignored Hartwick's criteria, and leased the property indiscriminately; most (if not all) of his tenants had little interest in Hartwick's utopian vision for the settlement.

John Christopher Hartwick's 8/11 holdings of the Hartwick Patent would form the basis for the community of Hartwick, New York.

John Christopher Hartwick died during 1796 at Clermont Manor, the home of Robert R. Livingston.

Hartwick Seminary
Hartwick's vision of a seminary was as a place to provide religious instruction to the native indians He believed there should be government-run educational schools to replace the exclusive private schools of the day. Hartwick had benefited financially from Cooper's indiscriminate leasing deals and left instructions in his will for the founding of a public seminary. However he made the task difficult by designating Jesus Christ as his heir. The seminary did not open until 15 years after his death.

Hartwick's choice as director of the seminary had been Dr. John Christopher Kunze a leading Lutheran theologian. Prominent political and religious leaders Jeremiah Van Rensselaer and Frederick Muhlenberg convinced Dr. Kunze to direct the seminary and teach theology at his home in New York City. Also benefiting from Hartwick's endowments were Rev. Anthony Braun who taught sciences and languages in Albany and Rev. John Frederick Ernst who taught elementary school on the Hartwick land patent.

The school first known as the Hartwick Seminary, eventually became Hartwick College. During the 1920s, the Trustees of Hartwick Seminary voted to close the seminary and use the funds to open a new college in the nearby city of Oneonta, New York.

title: John Christopher Hartwick


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User:Alex.g

Hi, I'm Alex. Friends call me alex.g. (The dot is silent.)

I started editing on December 18, 2004. You could browse through some of my userboxes, but the best way to get to know me is perhaps by browsing through my edits. Most are minor edits.

e-mail
To send me an e-mail, click here.

Some articles I've started

 * Koxbox (yes I was the first psychedelic wikipedian to write about them)
 * Cryovolcanism (which I later moved to Cryovolcano)
 * P system (I hope someone improves this)
 * Temporary variable (not really a programming term, but I followed a red link from somewhere and made this page because the concept exists and can be defined)
 * Cytisine
 * LongHaul the awesome throttling technology from VIA
 * zisofs
 * PSX Chipmunk BASIC
 * Mobile BASIC
 * Gatun structure

title: User:Alex.g


text:
Slonim

Slonim (Слонім; Слоним; Slanimas; Sloņima; Słonim; סלאָנים) is a town in Grodno Region, in western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slonim District. It is located at the junction of the Shchara and Isa rivers, 143 km southeast of Grodno. As of 2024, it has a population of 48,907.

Etymology and historical names
Slonim has been known by several versions of its name as spoken by speakers of various languages: Сло́нім ( Belarusian), Słonim (Polish), Сло́ним (Russian). Slonim was first mentioned by scribes in chronicles in 1252 as Uslonim and in 1255 as Vslonim. According to one account (which is also considered by some to be an official one), the name of the city originates from the Slavic word zaslona (a screen ), implying that the city once functioned as an outpost at the southern border of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Another version, proposed by Jazep Stabroŭski, states that "Slonim" derives from 'Užslenimas', which in Lithuanian means "beyond the valley".

Middle Ages
The earliest record is of a wooden fort on the left bank of the Shchara river in the 11th century, although there may have been earlier settlement.

The area was disputed between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kievan Rus' in early history and it changed hands several times. In 1040, the Kievans won control of the area after a battle but lost Slonim to the Lithuanians in 1103. The Ruthenians retook the area early in the 13th century but were expelled by a Tatar invasion in 1241 and the town was pillaged. When, later in the year, the Tatars withdrew, Slonim became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania once again, in personal union with the Kingdom of Poland after the Union of Krewo of 1385.

Early modern period
In 1532 King Sigismund I of Poland granted Slonim town rights. In 1558, King Sigismund II Augustus, in a privilege issued in Wilno (now Vilnius), established two two-week fairs.

In 1569, the Polish–Lithuanian union was transformed into a single state and Słonim became an important regional centre within the newly established Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Administratively it was part of the Nowogródek Voivodeship. Thanks to the efforts of nobleman, statesman and Słonim starost Lew Sapieha, King Sigismund III Vasa renewed the town rights of Słonim and granted the city coat of arms, which included the Lis coat of arms of Sapieha. Also thanks to Lew Sapieha, from 1631 to 1685 the city flourished as the seat of the Lithuanian diet. The wars had damaged Slonim, but in the 18th century, a local landowner, count Ogiński, encouraged the recovery of the area; a canal was dug to connect the Shchara with the Dnieper river, now known as the Oginski Canal. Ogiński also built a greater complex, combining an opera theater, a school of music and a school of ballet, and a printing house.

Late modern period
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was dismantled in a series of three "partitions" in the second half of the 18th century and divided among its neighbours, Prussia, Habsburg Austria and Russian Empire which took the largest portion of the territory. Slonim was in the area annexed by Russia in 1795. Administratively it was part of the Slonim Governorate until 1797, Vilna Governorate until 1801 and Grodno Governorate until World War I. In 1897 it was the fourth largest city of the governorate after the leading cities of Białystok, Grodno and Brześć. Russian control lasted until 1915, when the German army captured the town. After the First World War, the Slonim area was disputed between the Soviet Union and the newly recreated state of Poland. The town suffered badly in the Polish-Soviet war of 1920. It was ceded by the Bolsheviks to Poland in the 1921 Peace of Riga and became a part of Nowogródek Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic.

Slonim was one of the many towns in Poland that had a significant Jewish population. The imposing Great Synagogue, built in 1642, survived the destruction and brutal Nazi liquidation of the Słonim Ghetto with 10,000 Jews massacred in 1942 alone. The 10 small synagogues around the Great Synagogue called Stiblach did not survive.

World War II and the post-war period

In 1939, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union resulted in the invasion of Poland by the two powers and its division between them. Slonim was in the area designated by the Pact to fall within the Soviet sphere of influence. The Soviets placed that area within the Byelorussian SSR. Two years later, Germany invaded the Soviets (Operation Barbarossa) and Slonim was captured. The Słonim Jews were herded into the Słonim Ghetto set up at the Na Wyspie neighbourhood across the bridge on the Szczara River. Soon thereafter, 70% of Slonim's Jews had been killed by the Einsatzgruppen, including 9,000 on 14 November 1941. The second mass murder of 8,000 Jews took place in 1942. In 1944, on the insistence of Joseph Stalin in Yalta the Soviet Union retained possession of the eastern parts of pre-war Poland including Słonim, as agreed between the Allies. The Polish population was forcibly resettled to new post-war Polish boundaries before the end of 1946.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Slonim became part of an independent state of Belarus.

In 2019 a Soviet-era statue of Vladimir Lenin in the city center was replaced with a new monument of Lew Sapieha.

Historic population
The population of Slonim fluctuated, influenced by local prosperity and wars {1883, 21,110; 1897 15,893}. Jewish settlement in Slonim appears to have started in 1388, following encouragement from the Lithuanian authorities. They were credited with the development of local commerce in the 15th century, nonetheless, they were temporarily expelled by the Duchy in 1503. In the late 19th century, Slonim's Jewish population had risen to more than 10,000. The Slonimer Hasidic dynasty came from there. Michael and Ephraim Marks (of Marks & Spencer) were born in Slonim.

The wealthiest family in Slonim before World War II were the Rabinowicz brothers, Vigdor and Yossel. Their parents were Dov-Ber and Rivka Rochel (née Kancepolski). After World War I, they entered the forestry business together with Yaakov Milikowski, and were known as the Rabmils. They escaped the Nazi atrocities by flying to Mandatory Palestine.

Economy
Slonim's importance derives from the river, which is navigable and joins the Oginski canal, connecting the Niemen with the Dnieper.

Slonim has varied food, consumer, and engineering industries. Corn, tar, and especially timber are exported. There is the Slonim artistic goods factory, a worsted factory and “Textilschik”, a paperboard factory, motor- and car-repair plants, a dry non-fat milk factory and meat processing plant. There are also flax preprocessing, feed mill and woodworking enterprises in the town.

The 11th Guards Mechanized Brigade, withdrawn from Germany in 1992, is stationed in the town.

Media
Slonim's biggest newspaper is the independent Gazeta Slonimskaya (Газета Слонімская). Founded in 1997, it is a weekly newspaper with a circulation over 5,000 copies. It is published every Wednesday, and contains local and regional news, sections on sport, culture and lifestyle, and local advertising. It is currently 40 pages, plus an additional weekly 8-page supplement called Otdushina (Отдушина), focusing on youth, culture and religious affairs. The newspaper is written in both Russian and Belarusian.

An earlier Gazeta Slonimskaya was originally published in 1938 and 1939, at that time in Polish.

Another local newspaper is Slonimski Vesnik. Being a state owned newspaper, it is run and censored by local authorities. Slonimski Vesnik is published three times a week and has a circulation of around 3,000 copies.

Transport and infrastructure
Slonim has road-links with Baranovichi, Ivatsevichi, Ruzhany, Volkovysk, and Lida. There are around a dozen bus routes in Slonim and half a dozen of mini-bus routes. Taxi services are widely available. Slonim is on the railway line between Baranavichy and Vaukavysk.

Notable buildings

 * Orthodox church of the Holy Trinity (former Catholic church of the Holy Trinity, Baroque)
 * Convent of the Benedictines
 * Chapel of St. Dominick
 * St Andrew's Church (Baroque)
 * Catholic church of the Immaculate Conception of Blessed Virgin Mary and the convent of Bernardine
 * Orthodox church of Transfiguration (former Catholic church), Baroque, dating back to the 17th century
 * The Great Synagogue of Slonim, building of a former major synagogue of a large Jewish community that used to live in Slonim before the Second World War. The building is in a dilapidated condition. It is listed by the private World Monuments Fund as their top priority site of Jewish interest in Eastern Europe that requires restoration. The building was left untouched by the German Luftwaffe during World War II, but it has subsequently deteriorated and is now in urgent need of protection and restoration. British TV personality Natasha Kaplinsky was the subject of one of a series of BBC television programmes, Who Do You Think You Are?. Kaplinsky visited the synagogue, it having been the place of worship of her great-grandparents. Her cousin sang a lament in Hebrew in the synagogue.

Slonim has also a theatre and a museum of regional studies, as well as a medical school. There is a new recreation area development in north-east Slonim called Enka. The main sports are: running, gymnastics, football and ice hockey. The telecommunication guyed mast, 350 m tall, for FM-/TV-broadcasting is located at Novaya Strazha (53.06472°N, 25.47528°W). Northeast of Slonim, there is a CHAYKA-transmitter.

Notable residents

 * Samuel Hirszhorn (1876–1942), Polish-Jewish writer, journalist, and politician, born in Slonim
 * Haim Lensky (1905-1943), Russian-Jewish poet
 * Michael Marks (June 1859, Slonim – 31 December 1907, Salford), Jewish businessman and entrepreneur, and co-founder of the British retail chain Marks & Spencer
 * Miriam Raskin (1889-1973), Yiddish writer, born in Slonim.

title: Slonim


text:
CKLU-FM

CKLU-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts at FM 96.7 in Sudbury, Ontario. It is the campus radio station of the city's Laurentian University, and airs programming in both English and French, along with special interest programming for other language communities in the area.

History
The station launched in 1984 as a closed circuit station, available only in certain locations on campus. In 1986, the station was added to cable FM service in Sudbury, using the unofficial callsign CFLR. The station operated at cable 106.7 FM.

In 1996, the station applied to the CRTC for an FM license. The application was granted, and the station began broadcasting over the airwaves at 96.7 MHz in 1997. The station was not able to retain the CFLR callsign, due to the existence of another CFLR broadcasting in La Romaine, Quebec.

Its studios underwent a significant equipment upgrade in 2008. The station added Internet streaming to its website in September 2008.

Initially located in a portable classroom, the station later moved to studios in Laurentian University's Parker Building. In March 2016, it was announced that the CKLU studios would be relocating to the McEwen School of Architecture campus in downtown Sudbury. In September 2016, CKLU 96.7 FM moved to its new location on Elgin Street, inside the McEwen School of Architecture.

Programming
In addition to locally produced programming, the station also airs several syndicated public radio programs, including the Putumayo World Music Hour, Deconstructing Dinner, CIUT-FM's environmental news series The Green Majority, Radio Goethe and Democracy Now!.

Local programming has included Lunch with the Trinnie, which profiles the city's local multicultural communities, City Spins, which features interviews and music by local musicians, All My Friends Radio, and Minotaur Hour, hosted by musician Nathan Lawr. A short-run science series, Sudbury Knows No Bounds, aired in 2008 in conjunction with Science North. Some students from the city's Cambrian College, which does not have its own radio station, also volunteer for CKLU.

Other shows have included Above the Waste, a student based show plays all different types of metal. Miller Time is another student based show that has been running for three years (since 2007), on Monday and Thursday mornings at 7 am and showcases a unique political satire, comedy, and opinion from host Jason Miller. Rhythms of Clublife is a show which features DJ's of House and Trance mixing live over the air, hosted by DJ Phluke Nine on Saturday evenings at 10 PM, giving many listeners and club goers a pumped up attitude while on their way to local venues. Arts at Nine, cohosted by John McHenry of the Sudbury Theatre Centre, is a weekly magazine and interview show that profiles local people in the arts community.

The station also produced The Brent Holland Show, a nationally syndicated interview series.

Since 2018, CKLU-FM had been broadcasting the Sudbury Wolves hockey play-by-play games.

title: CKLU-FM


text: User talk:167.127.163.141

title: User talk:167.127.163.141


text: User talk:134.74.74.140

title: User talk:134.74.74.140


text:
Ludwik Mateusz Dembowski

Ludwik Mateusz Dembowski, also known as Louis-Mathieu Dembowski (1768, Dębowa Góra, Poland - 1812, Valladolid, Spain), was a Polish general and traveler.

After the fall of the Kościuszko Uprising went to France. He served in Polish Legions under Jan Henryk Dąbrowski, and with the French Army sent to Santo Domingo.

title: Ludwik Mateusz Dembowski


text: User talk:209.121.79.234

title: User talk:209.121.79.234


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/National Independents Movement

 This page is an archive of the proposed deletion of the article below. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page, if it exists; or after the end of this archived section. The result of the debate was delete. – Alphax τεχ 6 July 2005 05:04 (UTC)
 * This discussion has been blanked at the request of the subject and can be found in the history of this page. Alphax τεχ 09:00, 24 January 2006 (UTC)


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Richard Ravitch

Richard Ravitch (July 7, 1933 – June 25, 2023) was an American politician and businessman who served as the lieutenant governor of New York from 2009 to 2010. He was appointed to the position in July 2009 by New York Governor David Paterson. A native of New York City, he graduated from Yale Law School and he worked in his family's real estate development business, a number of government and government-appointed positions, including with the New York State Urban Development Corporation and Metropolitan Transportation Authority, and in private industry, including tenures as chairman of the Bowery Savings Bank and as the chief owner representative in labor negotiations for Major League Baseball.

Early life and education
Ravitch was born July 7, 1933, to a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Saul (d. 1952) and Sylvia (née Lerner, d. 1974) Ravitch. His father was a co-founder of HRH Construction Corporation, which eventually grew to have offices in New York, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The firm began building in Manhattan in the late nineteenth century. By 1965, it had constructed more than $1 billion worth of projects, including Columbia University Law School, New York University Hospital and several luxury apartment houses (as exemplified by The San Remo and The Beresford, both on Central Park West). Ravitch was a member of the third generation of the family to run the company.

Ravitch was educated at Oberlin College and Columbia University, earning an undergraduate degree in American history with Phi Beta Kappa honors from the latter institution in 1955. He then received his Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1958. He served in the U.S. Army for a short time after his graduation from Yale and 1960 marriage to Diane Silvers.

Career
After completing his education and military service obligation, Ravitch worked for the House Government Operations Committee in Washington, D.C., and the New York State Commission on Governmental Operations for the City of New York. He joined his family's business, HRH Construction, in 1960. His focus was low- and middle-income housing projects, and some notable developments he was responsible for were Waterside Plaza, Riverbend, and Manhattan Plaza, all in Manhattan. Some of the projects he worked on were built under the Mitchell-Lama Housing Program. He also built the first integrated housing projects in Washington, D.C., with James H. Scheuer.

President Lyndon Johnson appointed Ravitch to the United States Commission on Urban Problems in 1966, and he was elected president of the Citizens Housing and Planning Council (CHPC) in 1968. In 1975 Ravitch was appointed by New York State governor Hugh Carey as chairman of the New York State Urban Development Corporation. Ravitch was responsible for salvaging the finances of the organization, which Carey had found was nearly insolvent. After succeeding at the reorganization, Ravitch brought in another president, while retaining the position of unpaid chairman himself. Ravitch sold HRH Construction, his family's business, in 1977.

Carey again chose Ravitch for a major appointment in 1979, as head of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Carey had expressed the desire to keep the annual salary at $15,000, effectively requiring whoever took the job to be "independently wealthy or have a business that did not require his full attention". Ravitch was approved for the job, and did not accept a salary for his work. He was described as throwing himself "into the job unsparingly", recapitalizing the system, building the Metro-North Railroad from other existing lines, and improving labor relations. He was the chairman of the M.T.A. during the 11-day 1980 New York City transit strike, receiving death threats; in April 1981, a guard was injured in a shooting outside Ravitch's office by an armed intruder. Ravitch was assigned a bodyguard and he began wearing a bulletproof vest at some public events and security was provided for his family. He led the M.T.A. until 1983.

After almost a year of effort, Ravitch became chairman of the Bowery Savings Bank of New York in 1985. The bank had been losing money for several years, and Ravitch formed an investment group that included Laurence Tisch, Lionel Pincus, and Warren Buffett to take over the bank as an alternative to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation liquidating it. After the bank returned to profitability, it was sold to H. F. Ahmanson & Co. in 1987; the investment group doubled its $100 million purchase price, and Ravitch earned $5 million on the deal. While chairman of Bowery, Ravitch was named to the board of governors of the American Stock Exchange.

Ravitch briefly considered a run for mayor of New York City in 1977 that met with a "lukewarm response"; he later made a serious run for the Democratic nomination in 1989. He ran as an "outsider" against incumbent mayor Ed Koch, Manhattan Borough President David Dinkins, and city comptroller Harrison J. Goldin. He was endorsed by one of the city's major newspapers, the Daily News, just before the primary, but placed third in that primary, which Dinkins won. Ravitch's candidacy was described after the primary as being run in the face of "predictable defeat". Dinkins went on to win the general election against Rudy Giuliani.

Moving back to private industry, Ravitch was hired in November 1991 by the Major League Baseball owners as head of their Player Relations Committee, the chief labor negotiator for the owners, at an annual salary of $750,000. Although some critics claimed he was hired as a "union buster" against the Major League Baseball Players Association, he rejected that characterization. Ed Koch, who had been mayor of New York while Ravitch ran the M.T.A., called that description "foolish" and described Ravitch as a "Renaissance man". During 1994 negotiations between the owners and the players, a primary negotiating point was the owners' desire for a salary cap, which the union resisted. The negotiations were not successful in avoiding the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike, which ended the 1994 baseball season and resulted in cancellation of the 1994 World Series. The players' union held Ravitch partly responsible for causing the strike, which others thought was an unfair accusation. After the strike started, owners began relying less on Ravitch as a negotiator, and he resigned from the position in December 1994. He was replaced by Randy Levine as the owners' representative in 1995.

In 1995, New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani picked Ravitch to become the new chancellor of the city's school system, but Ravitch withdrew his name from consideration because he said he believed the school system needed major structural reform.

Ravitch and Susan Molinari were appointed co-chairs of the 22-member Millennial Housing Commission, when it was established by the United States Congress in 2000. The commission was charged with making recommendations to Congress regarding ways to increase affordable housing. In 2003, he and Molinari were awarded the "Housing Person of the Year" award by the National Housing Conference.

In 2004, Ravitch became a partner in Ravitch, Rice & Company, and was the chairman of both the AFL-CIO Housing Investment Trust's Board of Trustees, and the AFL-CIO Building Investment Trust's advisory board. He was appointed by New York governor David Paterson in 2008 to assist in fixing the finances of the MTA, and was a delegate for Barack Obama in the 2008 election.

Lieutenant Governor of New York
Following a scandal in early 2008, New York Governor Eliot Spitzer resigned the governorship effective March 17, 2008, and the lieutenant governor, David Paterson, became the governor of New York. Since there is no provision for filling the office of the lieutenant governor in case of vacancy, it was filled on an acting basis by leaders of the state Senate. During the 2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis, in an attempt to break a legislative stalemate, Paterson appointed Ravitch to the position of Lieutenant Governor of New York. Ravitch was sworn in as Lieutenant Governor at 8:45 pm on July 8, 2009, while eating dinner at Peter Luger Steak House in Brooklyn.

Several months of legal challenges followed the appointment. New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo had previously asserted that the governor of New York did not have the authority to appoint a lieutenant governor. State Senator Pedro Espada, Jr. announced he would sue to prevent the appointment. Supporters claimed Paterson had the right to appoint statewide officials, and opponents agreed with Cuomo's interpretation that the right to appoint officials did not include the office of lieutenant governor. There were several rulings on the matter. On July 21, 2009, New York Supreme Court Justice William R. LaMarca issued a preliminary injunction against Ravitch performing any duties of the office. That injunction was stayed by Appellate Division Justice L. Priscilla Hall. On August 20, the Appellate Division, Second Department ruled unanimously that "the Governor’s purported appointment of Mr. Ravitch was unlawful because no provision of the Constitution or of any statute provides for the filling of a vacancy in the office of lieutenant governor other than by election." On September 22, 2009, New York State's highest Court, the New York Court of Appeals, ruled that the governor had the authority to appoint a lieutenant governor in the event of a vacancy.

As Lieutenant Governor, Ravitch opted not to receive a salary. Ravitch's main job as Lieutenant Governor was to attempt to improve the state budgeting process. Working with the Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, he presented a series of recommendations on the subject, but his plan was not accepted by Paterson or the New York State legislature. In looking back on his tenure in office, Ravitch was quoted as saying "The truth of the matter is, I don't feel I accomplished anything very substantive." Ravitch did, however, influence the public discussion of the severe budget problems facing New York and other states. The papers he and Rockefeller Institute scholars produced during his tenure as Lieutenant Governor included analysis of New York's budget process, its Medicaid system, the budgetary powers of the Governor, transportation infrastructure, and the structural budgetary imbalance facing the state. Ravitch also worked with Christopher O. Ward to turn around construction at World Trade Center site.

Later career

In 2012, Ravitch co-chaired the State Budget Crisis Task Force with Paul Volcker. The Ravitch-Volcker report, which reviewed the fiscal strength of six U.S. states, said more transparent accounting of government liabilities was needed and warned that the capacity of state governments to meet various needs would be increasingly crowded out by the growth in Medicaid spending and retirement promises to state employees unless budget plans were reformed.

Ravitch's autobiography, So Much to Do: A Full Life of Business, Politics, and Confronting Fiscal Crises, was published in 2014. The publisher's summary describes the book as "Making [the] case" that "deceptive budgeting and borrowing practices are crippling our states’ ability to do what only they can do—invest in the physical and human infrastructure the country needs to thrive". According to Kirkus Reviews, "Ravitch draws some lessons about our need to understand the true costs of public benefits," and "underlines the importance of our often messy political process". Casey Seiler, writing in Albany's Times Union praised the book's " engaging and lucid prose — especially beneficial considering the subject at hand" and Paul Volcker called it "a call for action to a nation consumed by discord".

Personal life
Ravitch married Diane Ravitch (née Silvers) in 1960; they have two sons, Joseph and Michael. They divorced in 1986. He later married Betsy F. Perry in 1994. The marriage ended in divorce. On August 27, 2005, he married Kathleen M. Doyle, the chairman and CEO of Doyle New York, an auction and appraisal company.

Ravitch died at a hospital in Manhattan on June 25, 2023, at age 89.

title: Richard Ravitch


text:
Talk:Galactic cosmic ray

Definition
Define "completely uniform"? lysdexia 19:58, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Ripped from Nasa.gov
Is this a copyright violation? This, like, entire article is taken from: http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/cosmic_rays.html. I know that the work of Federal employees while doing their job is supposed to be public domain, and I understand how it works for images, but this just doesn't seem right to me. -Dwiki 23:46, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, you're right. I've deleted the plagiarized material.--207.233.86.101 23:44, 22 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Would it not have been simpler to give it proper credit than to put out a call to rewrite it? --Tagishsimon (talk)

Belts
"Except for the very highest energy galactic cosmic rays, the radius of gyration in the earth's magnetic field is tight enough to confine them along lines of magnetic flux, and channel them into the Van Allen Belt."

I think this is not precise. Van Allen belts are mostly fed by decay of neutrons coming from hadronic interaction of the primaries. Lowest energy primaries are just deflected away unless this phrase refers to injection of very low energy particles near the polar caps. I wait for comments. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.108.253.163 (talk) 13:18, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

Suggest Merger
This article is almot the same as the Extragalatic Comsmic rays article, I suggest merging it until someone writes up a mor informative article for both. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.209.65.213 (talk) 04:20, 7 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Agree, we have a very well developed cosmic ray article and then we have galactic cosmic ray and extragalactic cosmic ray. I'm going to use main to direct the reader to the main cosmic ray page.174.49.84.214 (talk) 16:41, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

Origin
The section headed "origin" does not say anything at all about the origin of the particles! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.162.107.11 (talk) 15:34, 29 May 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Galactic cosmic ray


text:
Westcombe, Somerset

Westcombe, Somerset may refer to two places in England:
 * Westcombe, Batcombe, Somerset, a hamlet in Batcombe parish near Shepton Mallet
 * Westcombe, Somerton, Somerset, a hamlet near Somerton

title: Westcombe, Somerset


text:
Garry Winogrand

Garry Winogrand (January 14, 1928 – March 19, 1984) was an American street photographer, known for his portrayal of U.S. life and its social issues in the mid-20th century. Photography curator, historian, and critic John Szarkowski called Winogrand the central photographer of his generation.

He received three Guggenheim Fellowships to work on personal projects, a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, and published four books during his lifetime. He was one of three photographers featured in the influential New Documents exhibition at Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1967 and had solo exhibitions there in 1969, 1977, and 1988. He supported himself by working as a freelance photojournalist and advertising photographer in the 1950s and 1960s, and taught photography in the 1970s. His photographs featured in photography magazines including Popular Photography, Eros, Contemporary Photographer, and Photography Annual.

Critic Sean O'Hagan wrote in 2014 that in "the 1960s and 70s, he defined street photography as an attitude as well as a style – and it has laboured in his shadow ever since, so definitive are his photographs of New York"; and in 2010 that though he photographed elsewhere, "Winogrand was essentially a New York photographer: frenetic, in-your-face, arty despite himself." Phil Coomes, writing for BBC News in 2013, said "For those of us interested in street photography there are a few names that stand out and one of those is Garry Winogrand, whose pictures of New York in the 1960s are a photographic lesson in every frame."

In his lifetime Winogrand published four monographs: The Animals (1969), Women are Beautiful (1975), Public Relations (1977) and Stock Photographs: The Fort Worth Fat Stock Show and Rodeo (1980). At the time of his death his late work remained undeveloped, with about 2,500 rolls of undeveloped film, 6,500 rolls of developed but not proofed exposures, and about 3,000 rolls only realized as far as contact sheets being made.

Early life and education
Winogrand's parents, Abraham and Bertha, emigrated to the U.S. from Budapest and Warsaw. Garry grew up with his sister Stella in a predominantly Jewish working-class area of the Bronx, New York, where his father was a leather worker in the garment industry, and his mother made neckties for piecemeal work.

Winogrand graduated from high school in 1946 and entered the U.S .Army Air Force. He returned to New York in 1947 and studied painting at City College of New York and painting and photography at Columbia University, also in New York, in 1948. He also attended a photojournalism class taught by Alexey Brodovitch at The New School for Social Research in New York in 1951.

Career
Winogrand worked as a freelance photojournalist and advertising photographer in the 1950s and 1960s. Between 1952 and 1954 he freelanced with the PIX Publishing agency in Manhattan on an introduction from Ed Feingersh, and from 1954 at Brackman Associates.

Winogrand's beach scene of a man playfully lifting a woman above the waves appeared in the 1955 The Family of Man exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York which then toured the world to be seen by 9 million visitors. His first solo show was held at Image Gallery in New York in 1959. His first notable exhibition was in Five Unrelated Photographers in 1963, also at MoMA in New York, along with Minor White, George Krause, Jerome Liebling, and Ken Heyman.

In the 1960s, he photographed in New York City at the same time as contemporaries Lee Friedlander and Diane Arbus.

In 1964 Winogrand was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to travel "for photographic studies of American life".

In 1966 he exhibited at the George Eastman House in Rochester, New York with Friedlander, Duane Michals, Bruce Davidson, and Danny Lyon in an exhibition entitled Toward a Social Landscape, curated by Nathan Lyons. In 1967 his work was included in the "influential" New Documents show at MoMA in New York with Diane Arbus and Lee Friedlander, curated by John Szarkowski.

His photographs of the Bronx Zoo and the Coney Island Aquarium made up his first book The Animals (1969), which observes the connections between humans and animals. He took many of these photos when, as a divorced father, accompanying his young children to the zoo for amusement.

He was awarded his second Guggenheim Fellowship in 1969 to continue exploring "the effect of the media on events", through the then novel phenomenon of events created specifically for the mass media. Between 1969 and 1976 he photographed at public events, producing 6,500 prints for Papageorge to select for his solo exhibition at MoMA, and book, Public Relations (1977).

In 1975, Windogrand's high-flying reputation took a self-inflicted hit. At the height of the feminist revolution, he produced Women Are Beautiful, a much-panned photo book that explored his fascination with the female form. "Most of Winogrand’s photos are taken of women in either vulgar or at least, questionable positions and seem to be taken unknown to them," says one critic. "This candid approach adds an element of disconnect between the viewer and the viewed, which creates awkwardness in the images themselves."

He supported himself in the 1970s by teaching, first in New York. He moved to Chicago in 1971 and taught photography at the Institute of Design, Illinois Institute of Technology between 1971 and 1972. He moved to Texas in 1973 and taught in the Photography Program in the College of Fine Arts at the University of Texas at Austin between 1973 and 1978. He moved to Los Angeles in 1978.

In 1979 he used his third Guggenheim Fellowship to travel throughout the southern and western United States investigating the social issues of his time.

In his book Stock Photographs (1980) he showed "people in relation to each other and to their show animals" at the Fort Worth Fat Stock Show and Rodeo.

Szarkowski, the Director of Photography at New York's MoMA, became an editor and reviewer of Winogrand's work.

Personal life
Winogrand married Adrienne Lubeau in 1952. They had two children, Laurie in 1956 and Ethan in 1958. They separated in 1963 and divorced in 1966.

"Being married to Garry was like being married to a lens," Lubeau once told photography curator Trudy Wilner Stack. Indeed, "colleagues, students and friends describe an almost obsessive picture-taking machine."

Around 1967 Winogrand married his second wife, Judy Teller. They were together until 1969.

In 1972 he married Eileen Adele Hale, with whom he had a daughter, Melissa. They remained married until his death in 1984.

Death and legacy
Winogrand was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer on February 1, 1984, and went immediately to the Gerson Clinic in Tijuana, Mexico, to seek an alternative cure (6,000 per week in 2016). He died on March 19, at age 56. He was interred at Mount Moriah Cemetery in Fairview, New Jersey.

At the time of his death his late work remained largely unprocessed, with about 2,500 rolls of undeveloped film, 6,500 rolls of developed but not proofed exposures, and about 3,000 rolls only realized as far as contact sheets being made. In total he left nearly 300,000 unedited images.

The Garry Winogrand Archive at the Center for Creative Photography (CCP) comprises over 20,000 fine and work prints, 20,000 contact sheets, 100,000 negatives and 30,500 35 mm colour slides as well as a small number of Polaroid prints and several amateur and independent motion picture films. Some of his undeveloped work was exhibited posthumously, and published by MoMA in the overview of his work Winogrand, Figments from the Real World (2003).

Yet more from his largely unexamined archive of early and late work, plus well known photographs, were included in a retrospective touring exhibition beginning in 2013 and in the accompanying book Garry Winogrand (2013). Photographer Leo Rubinfien who curated the 2013 retrospective at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art felt that the purpose of his show was to find out, "...was Szarkowski right about the late work?” Szarkowski felt that Winogrand's best work was finished by the early 1970s. Rubinfien thought, after producing the show and in a shift from his previous estimation of 1966 to 1970, that Winogrand was at his best from 1960 to 1964.

All of Winogrand's wives and children attended a retrospective exhibit at the San Francisco Art Museum after his death. On display was a 1969 letter from Judith Teller, Winogrand's second wife:

Szarkowski called Winogrand the central photographer of his generation. Frank Van Riper of the Washington Post described him as "one of the greatest documentary photographers of his era" but added that he was "a bluntspoken, sweet-natured native New Yorker, who had the voice of a Bronx cabbie and the intensity of a pig hunting truffles." Critic Sean O'Hagan wrote in The Guardian in 2014 that in "the 1960s and 70s, he defined street photography as an attitude as well as a style – and it has laboured in his shadow ever since, so definitive are his photographs of New York"; and in 2010 in The Observer that though he photographed elsewhere, "Winogrand was essentially a New York photographer: frenetic, in-your-face, arty despite himself." Phil Coomes, writing for BBC News in 2013, said "For those of us interested in street photography there are a few names that stand out and one of those is Garry Winogrand, whose pictures of New York in the 1960s are a photographic lesson in every frame."

Solo exhibitions

 * 1969: The Animals, Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * 1972: Light Gallery, New York.
 * 1975: Women are Beautiful, Light Gallery, New York.
 * 1977: Light Gallery, New York.
 * 1977: The Cronin Gallery, Houston.
 * 1977: Public Relations, Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * 1979: The Rodeo, Allan Frumkin Gallery, Chicago.
 * 1979: Greece, Light Gallery, New York.
 * 1980: University of Colorado Boulder.
 * 1980: Garry Winogrand: Retrospective, Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco.
 * 1980: Galerie de Photographie, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.
 * 1981: The Burton Gallery of Photographic Art, Toronto.
 * 1981: Light Gallery, New York.
 * 1983: Big Shots, Photographs of Celebrities, 1960–80, Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco.
 * 1984: Garry Winogrand: A Celebration, Light Gallery, New York.
 * 1984: Women are Beautiful, Zabriskie Gallery, New York.
 * 1984: Recent Works, Houston Center for Photography, Texas.
 * 1985: Williams College Museum of Art, Williamstown, Massachusetts.
 * 1986: Twenty Seven Little Known Photographs by Garry Winogrand, Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco.
 * 1988: Garry Winogrand, Museum of Modern Art. Retrospective.
 * 2001: Winogrand's Street Theater, Rencontres d'Arles festival, Arles, France.
 * 2013/2014: Garry Winogrand, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, March–June 2013 and toured; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., March–June 2014; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, June–September 2014; Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, October 2014 – February 2015.
 * 2019: Garry Winogrand: Color, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY, May–December 2019.

Group exhibitions

 * 1955: The Family of Man, The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * 1957: Seventy Photographers Look at New York, The Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * 1963: Photography '63, George Eastman House, Rochester, New York.
 * 1964: The Photographer's Eye, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Curated by John Szarkowski.
 * 1966: Toward a Social Landscape, George Eastman House, Rochester, NY. Photographs by Winogrand, Bruce Davidson, Lee Friedlander, Danny Lyon, and Duane Michals. Curated by Nathan Lyons.
 * 1967: New Documents, Museum of Modern Art, New York with Diane Arbus and Lee Friedlander, curated by John Szarkowski.
 * 1969: New Photography USA, Traveling exhibition prepared for the International Program of Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * 1970: The Descriptive Tradition: Seven Photographers, Boston University, Massachusetts.
 * 1971: Seen in Passing, Latent Image Gallery, Houston.
 * 1975: 14 American Photographers, Baltimore Museum of Art, Maryland.
 * 1976: The Great American Rodeo, Fort Worth Art Museum, Texas.
 * 1978: Mirrors and Windows: American Photography since 1960, Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * 1981: Garry Winogrand, Larry Clark and Arthur Tress, G. Ray Hawkins Gallery, Los Angeles.
 * 1981: Bruce Davidson and Garry Winogrand, Moderna Museet / Fotografiska, Stockholm, Sweden.
 * 1981: Central Park Photographs: Lee Friedlander, Tod Papageorge and Garry Winogrand, The Dairy in Central Park, New York, 1980.
 * 1983: Masters of the Street: Henri Cartier-Bresson, Josef Koudelka, Robert Frank and Garry Winogrand, University Gallery, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Collections
Winogrand's work is held in the following public collections:
 * Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL
 * George Eastman Museum, Rochester, NY
 * Museum of Modern Art, New York
 * Whitney Museum of American Art, New York

Awards

 * 1964, 1969, 1979: Guggenheim Fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
 * 1975: Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts

Publications by Winogrand

 * The Animals. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1969. ISBN 9780870706332.
 * Women are Beautiful. New York, NY: Light Gallery; New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1975. ISBN 9780374513016.
 * Public Relations. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1977. ISBN 9780870706325.
 * Stock Photographs: The Fort Worth Fat Stock Show and Rodeo. Minnetonka, MN: Olympic Marketing Corp, 1980. ISBN 9780292724334.
 * Figments from the Real World. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1988. ISBN 9780870706400. A retrospective, published to accompany an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art and which travelled. Reproduces work from each of Winogrand's previous books, along with unpublished work, plus 25 images chosen from the work Winogrand left unedited at the time of his death.
 * New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1990. ISBN 9780870706417.
 * New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 2003. ISBN 9780870706356. With addenda.
 * The Man in the Crowd: The Uneasy Streets of Garry Winogrand. San Francisco, CA: Fraenkel Gallery, 1998. ISBN 9781881337058. With an introduction by Fran Lebowitz and an essay by Ben Lifson. More than half of the images are previously unpublished.
 * El Juego de la Fotografía = The Game of Photography. Madrid: TF, 2001. ISBN 9788495183668. Text in English and Spanish. A retrospective. "Published to accompany an exhibition at Sala del Canal de Isabel II, Madrid, Nov.-Dec. 2001 and at three other institutions through June of 2002."
 * Winogrand 1964: Photographs from the Garry Winograd Archive, Center for Creative Photography, the University of Arizona. Santa Fe, NM: Arena, 2002. Edited by Trudy Wilner Stack. ISBN 9781892041623.
 * Arrivals & Departures: The Airport Pictures of Garry Winogrand. Edited by Alex Harris and Lee Friedlander and with texts by Alex Harris ('The Trip of our Lives') and Lee Friedlander ('The Hair of the Dog').
 * New York: Distributed Art Publishers, 2003. ISBN 9781891024474.
 * New York: Distributed Art Publishers; Göttingen: Steidl, 2004. ISBN 9783882438604.
 * Garry Winogrand.
 * San Francisco, CA: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-300-19177-6. Edited by Leo Rubinfien. Introduction by Rubinfien, Erin O'Toole and Sarah Greenough, and essays by Rubinfien ('Garry Winogrand's Republic'), Greenough ('The Mystery of the Visible: Garry Winogrand and Postwar American Photography'), Tod Papageorge ('In the City'), Sandra S. Phillips ('Considering Winogrand Now') and O'Toole ('How much Freedom can you Stand? Garry Winogrand and the Problem of Posthumous Editing').
 * Paris: Jeu De Paume; Paris: Flammarion, 2014. ISBN 9782081342910. French-language version.
 * Madrid: Fundación Mapfre, 2015. ISBN 978-8498445046. Spanish-language version.
 * Winogrand Color. Los Angeles: Twin Palms, 2023. Edited by Michael Almereyda and Susan Kismaric. ISBN 978-1-936611-18-8.

Publications paired with others

 * Winogrand / Lindbergh: Women. Cologne: Walther Konig, 2017. ISBN 978-3960980261. Photographs from Women Are Beautiful (1975) by Winogrand and On Street by Peter Lindbergh, plus other color photographs by Winogrand. With a short essay by Joel Meyerowitz on Winogrand, and by Ralph Goetz on Lindbergh. Published on the occasion of the exhibition Peter Lindbergh / Garry Winogrand: Women on Street at Kulturzentrum NRW-Forum, Düsseldorf, 2017. Text in English and German.

Contributions to publications

 * Looking at Photographs: 100 Pictures from the Collection of The Museum of Modern Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1973. ISBN 978-0-87070-515-1. By John Szarkowski.

Films

 * Garry Winogrand: All Things Are Photographable (2018) – documentary feature by Sasha Waters Freyer

title: Garry Winogrand


text:
Goose Island (Chicago)

Goose Island is a 160 acre artificial island in Chicago, Illinois, formed by the North Branch of the Chicago River on the west and the North Branch Canal on the east. It is about 1.5 mi long and 0.5 mi across at its widest point.

Early history
The name may have originally referred to a small natural island at the north side of the confluence of the North and South Branches of the Chicago River that was home to seasonal flocks of birds. In the late 1840s, the surrounding area was on the fringes of Chicago and a group of Irish immigrants started squatting on the unoccupied land around what is now Kinzie Street, between Orleans Street and the river. This settlement may have been known as Kilgubbin, after an area of County Cork that had been home to many of the immigrants. The squatters eventually moved a short distance north to an area on the east side of the river between Chicago Avenue and Division Street, site of the present-day Goose Island. The original Goose Island had been dredged away by 1865.

The land that was to become the present-day Goose Island lies on a bend in the Chicago River between North Avenue on the north and Chicago Avenue on the south. In 1853, William B. Ogden, Chicago's first mayor, formed the Chicago Land Company, which purchased land on the east side of the river to excavate clay for brick-making. Starting from the south, workers excavated a channel northwards, and by 1857 the channel had rejoined the river forming a shortcut past the bend in the river. The channel was eventually dredged to 50 ft wide and 10 ft deep to make it navigable, and it became known as the North Branch Canal, or Ogden's Canal. The island thus created was also sometimes nicknamed Ogden's Island, a name that some Chicago aldermen proposed to make the official name of the island in 1891. The name may refer to the earlier location of the Kilgubbin settlement close to the original Goose Island, or it may have been in reference to the flocks of geese kept by the settlers on the island.

The settlers were eventually joined by Polish and German immigrants to the city. For most of the residents, daily life hovered between rural and urban, with many raising livestock while also working in nearby factories. Over 100 units of housing were built in a three-block area to accommodate the new residents and taverns and bars opened.

Industrialization
In the late 19th century, Peoples Gas, Light & Coke Co. purchased land on the east of the island for industrial plants. The area was nicknamed "Little Hell" because of the smoke produced by the plants. By 1887 there were two grain elevators, eleven coal yards, and a railroad. By the turn of the 20th century many residents began to move off the island and some businesses also deserted it.

Access
Goose Island is crossed by Division Street, running east–west, and Halsted Street, which runs north–south across the southeast portion of the island. In 1866 Halsted Street was connected to the island with the construction of a bridge across the river; a bridge across the canal at Halsted Street was added in 1874. The current bridges at these crossing points were constructed in 1955 and 2012 respectively. Division Street was first connected to the island with the construction of a bridge across the river in 1869; a second bridge across the canal was added in 1870. These bridges were replaced with Bascule bridges in 1904 and 1903 respectively. The East Division Street bridge was the second ever Chicago-type Bascule bridge. In 2014 the East bridge was determined to have deteriorated such as to require complete replacement. It was removed and has been replaced with a temporary Bailey bridge.

The Cherry Avenue Bridge provides railroad access to the island at its northern tip. The Chicago and Pacific Railroad constructed railroad onto Goose Island in the 1870s. This company was absorbed into the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway in 1880. Operation of the surviving railroad on Goose Island was taken over by the Soo Line Railroad in 1986, and then by the Chicago Terminal Railroad in January 2007.

Former bridges
Two former access points to Goose Island have been removed. In 1891 an experimental bridge was constructed across the canal at Weed Street. This was the first attempt by the city of Chicago to find a bridge design suitable for replacing the city's swing bridges. The bridge was a wooden folding lift bridge constructed to a design by William Harman. The design, which became known as a jackknife bridge, proved too difficult to maintain and the bridge was closed to traffic in 1899. This bridge was removed in 1905 and replaced with a pontoon swing bridge until it too was removed in 1910. Another short-lived access was created when the original Division Street bridge across the river was moved to Blackhawk Street during replacement works in 1902, this bridge was also removed in 1910.

Ogden Avenue also crossed the island on a viaduct that opened in 1934, though it was not possible to access the island from the viaduct. In 1992 following the closure of the section of Ogden Avenue that ran to the north-east of the island the viaduct was demolished.

Redevelopment
Goose Island has been a site of redevelopment of former industrial locations to residential and mixed-use towers and high rises, similar to the River North, Fulton Market and Pilsen neighborhoods of the city. Major land sites and warehouses have been developed or converted into modern manufacturing and creative loft-office space and towers on the island, including the Wrigley Corporation's research and development facility at the north end of the island and the former Sara Lee Corporation headquarters at the southern end of the island (since re-purposed as Kendall College). New Goose Island developments include 909 West Bliss Street, an adaptive re-use warehouse renovation and 934 North Branch Street, a 3.5 acre land site adjacent to the Chicago River. Names that have been used to market the redevelopment of Goose Island include Goose Island 2.0, Silicon Island, and Innovation Island. Amazon, Inc. has leased a warehouse on the island to serve as an urban ultra-local distribution hub for "Prime Now" one- and two-hour deliveries to residents around the city.

title: Goose Island (Chicago)


text:
List of Uppsala University people

This is a list of notable people affiliated with Uppsala University.

For a list of chancellors of the university, see Chancellor of Uppsala University.

Nobel laureates affiliated with Uppsala University
• Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927), Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1903

• Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1911

• Robert Bárány (1876–1936), Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1914

• Theodor (The) Svedberg (1884–1971), Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1926

• Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978), Nobel Laureate in Physics 1924

• Arne Tiselius (1902–1971), Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1948

• Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995), Nobel Laureate in Physics 1970

• Kai Siegbahn (1918–2007), Nobel Laureate in Physics 1981

• Erik Axel Karlfeldt (1864–1931), Nobel laureate in literature 1931 (posthumously)

• Pär Lagerkvist (1891–1974), Nobel laureate in literature 1951

• Hjalmar Branting (1860–1925), Nobel Peace Laureate in 1921

• Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931), Nobel Peace laureate in 1931

• Alva Myrdal (1902–1986), Nobel Peace Laureate in 1982

• Hugo Theorell (1903–1982), Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1955 (worked at Uppsala University 1932–33 and 1935–36)

• Dag Hammarskjöld (1905–1961), Nobel Peace Laureate in 1961 (posthumously)

• Svante Pääbo (born 1955), Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022

Royalty
• King Charles X of Sweden, matriculated 1638

• King Charles XV of Sweden, student in Uppsala 1843 and 1845 (spring semester 1844 in Christiania)

• Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland (1827–1852), song composer, matriculated 1844 and studied several semesters in Uppsala

• King Oscar II of Sweden

• Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland (born 1861), student 1881–1882

• Prince Eugén, Duke of Närke, artist and art collector

• King Gustav V of Sweden

• King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, also known as an accomplished archaeologist and connoisseur of East Asian art

• King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

• Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland

International work
• Hans Blix (born 1928), diplomat; Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs 1978–1979, head of the International Atomic Energy Agency 1981–1997; head of the UNMOVIC 2000–2003

• Hjalmar Branting (1860–1925), Prime Minister of Sweden (first Social Democrat in that position) for three periods, 1920-1925; Nobel Peace Laureate in 1921

• Hans Corell (born 1939), diplomat; UN Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs

• Kåre Pugerup (born 1964), Chief of Staff at the United Nations agency IFAD in Rome

• Dag Hammarskjöld (1905–1961), UN Secretary General; Nobel Peace Laureate in 1961 (posthumously)

• Samuel Gustaf Hermelin, Swedish Ambassador to the United States

• Per Jacobsson (1894–1963), Managing Director of the IMF 1956–1963

• Anna Lindh (1957–2003), Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs; assassinated in 2003

• Alva Myrdal (1902–1986), politician, diplomat; Nobel Peace Laureate in 1982

• Trita Parsi (born 1974), founder and president of National Iranian American Council

• Jenny Ohlsson, diplomat; Swedish ambassador to Rwanda

Swedish politicians
• Nils Edén (1871–1945), historian and liberal politician; Prime Minister of Sweden 1917–1920

• Hjalmar Branting (1860–1925), Prime Minister 1920-1925

• Yngve Larsson (1881–1977), municipal commissioner (Borgarråd) of Stockholm, urbanist, statesman

• Paul Lindquist (born 1964), Mayor of Lidingö, BSc in Business Administration (1989)

• Valfrid Palmgren (1877–1967), one of the first female members of the Stockholm City Council; a reformer of the public libraries

• Lena Sommestad (born 1957), Minister for the Environment (as of 2005), Ph.D. in history (1992)

• Gustaf Nils Algernon Stierneld (1791–1868), Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1838-1842 and 1848-1856

• Östen Undén (1886–1974), professor of civil law at UU, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden 1924–1926 and 1945–1962

• Hans Henric von Essen (1755–1824), Governor of Stockholm, Governor-general of Norway

• Karl Gustaf Westman (1876–1944), leader of Bondeförbundet; held several ministerial posts; Minister of Justice 1936–1944

Non-Swedes

 * Stane Dolanc (1925–1999), Yugoslav (Slovenian) politician, head of the security service under Tito
 * Onésimo Silveira, Cape Verdean diplomat, politician and writer (Ph.D., Political science, 1976)
 * Guðmundur Steingrímsson (born 1972), Icelandic politician

Religion
As Uppsala University has one of only two faculties of theology in Sweden, and the older one of the two (the other is in Lund), most Swedish churchmen of note have actually graduated from the university.

 * Israel Acrelius (1714–1800), Lutheran missionary to New Sweden; author of History of New Sweden
 * Johan Campanius (1601–1683), Lutheran clergyman assigned to New Sweden
 * Nicolaus Olai Campanius (1593–1624), priest
 * Lars Levi Laestadius (1800–1861), clergyman and botanist, founder of the conservative laestadian movement
 * Nathan Söderblom (1866–1931), professor of comparative religion; later archbishop of Uppsala and Nobel peace laureate in 1931
 * Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772), scientist, philosopher and religious mystic
 * Carl Aaron Swensson (1857–1904), American Lutheran minister; founder of Bethany College
 * Gustaf Unonius (1810–1902), Episcopalian priest

Mathematics, physics and astronomy
• Christopher Polhem (1661–1751), mechanical engineer and inventor

• Samuel Klingenstierna (1698–1765), mathematician and physicist

• Anders Celsius (1701–1744), physicist and astronomer; inventor of the centigrade scale, the predecessor of the Celsius scale

• Nils Wallerius (1706–1764), physicist, philosopher and theologian, made important discoveries in the field of hydrology

• Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin (1717–1783), astronomer, first head of the Stockholm Observatory

• Johan Carl Wilcke (1732–1796), physicist

• Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874), physicist, eponym of the unit ångström

• Herman Schultz (1823–1890), astronomer

• Tobias Robert Thalén (1827–1905), astronomer and physicist, awarded Rumford Medal 1884 "for his spectroscopic researches"

• Nils Christoffer Dunér (1839–1914), astronomer; professor of astronomy in Uppsala from 1888; awarded the Rumford Medal in 1892

• Oskar Backlund (1846–1916), astronomer

• Gösta Mittag-Leffler (1846–1927), mathematician; professor and Rector at Stockholm University College; founder of the journal Acta Mathematica (1882–); founder of the Mittag-Leffler Institute (Ph.D. 1872)

• Knut Ångström (1857–1910), physicist

• Ivar Otto Bendixson (1861–1935), mathematician, professor and Rector at Stockholm University College (M.A. 1881, Ph.D. 1890)

• Carl Charlier (1862–1934), astronomer, awarded the James Craig Watson Medal in 1924 and the Bruce Medal in 1933; professor and head of the Astronomical Observatory at Lund University

• Erik Ivar Fredholm (1866–1927), mathematician who established the modern theory of integral equations

• Helge von Koch (1870–1924), mathematician

• Thomas Hakon Grönwall (1877–1932), mathematician, taught at Princeton and Columbia (studied in Uppsala and Stockholm, awarded Ph.D. by Uppsala University in 1898)

• David Enskog (1884–1947), mathematician, Professor at the Royal Institute of Technology (Ph.D. 1917)

• Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978), physicist; Nobel Laureate in Physics 1924

• Fritz Carlson (1888–1952), mathematician, Professor at the Royal Institute of Technology and later at the Stockholm University College (Ph.D. 1914)

• Torsten Carleman (1892–1949), mathematician, Professor and Director of the Mittag-Leffler Institute in Stockholm (Ph.D. 1917)

• Gunnar Malmquist (1893–1982), astronomer, professor in Uppsala 1939–1959

• Bertil Lindblad (1895–1965), astronomer; professor and head of the Stockholm Observatory; awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society 1948 and the Bruce Medal 1954

• Rolf Maximilian Sievert (1896–1966), physicist, professor at Stockholm University, eponym of the unit sievert (M.A. 1919)

• Erik Björkdal (1899–1952), meteorologist who studied at the Bergen School of Meteorology and was active in the World Meteorological Organization.

• Åke Wallenquist (1904–1994), astronomer

• Arne Beurling (1905–1986), mathematician

• Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995), physicist; Nobel Laureate in Physics 1970

• Kai Siegbahn (1918–2007), physicist; Nobel Laureate in Physics 1981; son of Manne Siegbahn

• Carl-Gösta Borelius (1919–1995), World War II cryptanalyst

• Lennart Carleson (born 1928), mathematician (Ph.D. 1950); professor at UU; later (after retirement) professor at UCLA; awarded the Wolf Prize in Mathematics in 1992 and the Abel Prize in 2006

• Ragnar Stefánsson (born 1938), physicist (1961) and seismologist (Ph.D. 1966); professor at the University of Akureyri

• Björn Engquist (born 1945), mathematician (Ph.D. 1975), professor at the Royal Institute of Technology and Princeton University

• Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist (born 1944), astronomer

• Johan Håstad (born 1960), mathematician and computer scientist (M.Sc. 1984)

• Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Professor of Hydrology, Director of the Centre of Natural Hazards and Disaster Science, Sweden

Chemistry, geology and mineralogy
• Johan Gottschalk Wallerius (1709–1785), chemist and mineralogist

• Torbern Bergman (1735–1784), chemist

• Johan Gottlieb Gahn (1745–1818), mineralogist, discoverer of manganese

• Johan Gadolin (1760–1852), chemist, physicist and mineralogist

• Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (1767–1813), chemist, discoverer of tantalum

• Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848), physician and chemist, considered one of the fathers of modern chemistry; invented modern chemical notation and discovered the elements silicon, selenium, thorium, and cerium

• Nils Gabriel Sefström (1787–1845), chemist, discoverer of vanadium

• Johan August Arfwedson (1792–1841), chemist, discoverer of lithium

• Lars Fredrik Nilson (1840–1899), chemist, discoverer of scandium

• Per Teodor Cleve (1840–1905), chemist and geologist

• Gerard De Geer (1848–1943), geologist who made significant contributions to quaternary geology

• Svante Arrhenius (1859–1927), physicist and chemist; Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1903

• Abraham Langlet, chemist who discovered helium in 1895 together with Per Teodor Cleve (independently from William Ramsay) and defined its atomic weight correctly; later professor at the Chalmers University of Technology

• V. Walfrid Ekman (1874–1954), oceanographer (Ph.D. 1902)

• Theodor (The) Svedberg (1884–1971), chemist; Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1926

• Filip Hjulström (1902–1982), geographer (Professor 1944)

Medicine and life sciences
• Olaus Rudbeckius (1630–1702), a physician and professor of medicine as well as an engineer, architect and an imaginative writer of chauvinistic (pseudo)history

• Olaus Rudbeckius, junior (1660–1740), botanist

• Peter Artedi (1705–1735), naturalist and friend of Linnaeus; "the father of ichthyology"

• Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), botanist, the father of taxonomy

• Students of Linnaeus:

• * Pehr Kalm (1716–1779), botanist

• * Fredric Hasselquist (1722–1752), naturalist and traveller

• * Peter Forsskål (1732–1763), explorer, orientalist and naturalist

• * Daniel Solander (1733–1782), botanist

• * Johann Beckmann (1739–1811), German scientific author, coiner of the word technology

• * Adam Kuhn (1741–1817), one of the first professors of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and thus one of the first in North America; for a time the family physician of George Washington; probably the only American student of Linnaeus

• * Johan Zoega (1742–1788), Danish botanist and economist

• * Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), botanist

• * Johan Christian Fabricius (1745–1808), Danish entomologist

• * Anders Sparrman (1748–1820), physician and naturalist

• * Adam Afzelius (1750–1837), botanist

• * Anders Dahl (1751–1789), botanist, namesake of the dahlia flower

• * Jonas C. Dryander, naturalist and bibliographer, Librarian of the Royal Society, Vice-President of the Linnean Society of London

• * Peter Gustaf Tengmalm (1754–1803), physician and naturalist

• * Erik Acharius (1757–1819), botanist

• Göran Wahlenberg (1780–1851), botanist

• Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878), botanist, the father of modern mushroom taxonomy

• Alarik Frithiof Holmgren (1831–1897), physiologist

• Gustaf Retzius (1842–1919), anatomist; professor at Karolinska Institutet 1877–1890; member of the Swedish Academy; began his studies in Uppsala, where he took his med.kand., later transferred to KI and Lund University

• Karl Oskar Medin (1847–1928), paediatrician, famous for his study of poliomyelitis; professor at the Karolinska Institutet 1883–1914; completed his doctorate in Uppsala 1880

• Adolf Appellöf (1857–1921), teuthologist

• Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), ophthalmologist; Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1911

• Robert Bárány (1876–1936), physician, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1914 (professor in Uppsala from 1917)

• Erik Stensiö (1891–1984), paleozoologist, professor at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm; awarded the Linnean Medal of the Linnean Society of London 1957

• Erik Jarvik (1907–1998), paleozoologist, Professor at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (succeeded Erik Stensiö) (Ph.D. in Uppsala 1942)

• Arne Tiselius (1902–1971), biochemist; Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1948

• Hans Rosling (born 1948), medical doctor, academic, statistician and public speaker

• Hildegard Björck, first woman to complete an academic degree in Sweden

• Hilda Cid (born 1933), Chilean crystallographer

• Svante Pääbo (born 1955), evolutionary biologist

• Frederik Kugelberg (1880–1963) MD and missionary

Explorers

 * Sven Hedin (1865–1952; fil. kand. 1888; honorary doctorate 1935), known for his travels through Central Asia; last person to be ennobled in Sweden
 * Finn Malmgren (1895–1928), Arctic explorer (Ph.D. in meteorology 1927, participated in several Arctic expeditions and died in one 1928)

Humanities and social sciences
• Anna Ahlström (1863–1943), teacher, principal, school founder

• Johan Gunnar Andersson, archaeologist

• Tor Andræ, scholar of Comparative religion, orientalist, Bishop

• Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom, poet, professor of poetry

• Anders Chydenius, clergyman, economist

• Bengt Danielsson, ethnologist, crewmember of Kon Tiki expedition

• Georges Dumézil, scholar of comparative religion, lecturer of French 1931–1933

• Michel Foucault, lecturer of French 1954–1958 (received the position through Dumézil)

• Erik Gustaf Geijer, historian, poet, composer

• Carl August Hagberg (1810–1864), linguist and translator

• Artur Hazelius (1833–1901), founder of the Nordic Museum and the open-air museum Skansen in Stockholm (Ph.D. 1860)

• Eli Heckscher, economic historian

• Johan Ihre, philologist

• Bernhard Karlgren, sinologist

• Rudolf Kjellén, political scientist

• Gerhard Lindblom (1887–1969), ethnographer, working in East Africa

• Mia Lövheim, professor of religious sociology

• Eva Lundgren, feminist scholar and sociologist

• Oscar Montelius, archaeologist

• Carl Gustaf Nordin (1749–1812), historian, antiquarian and politician, Bishop of Härnösand from 1812

• Adolf Noreen (1854–1925), linguist

• Chantal Radimilahy, archaeologist

• Henrik Samuel Nyberg, orientalist

• Ferdinando Sardella, historian of religions

• August Ludwig von Schlözer, studied 1755/56 with Johan Ihre

• Knut Wicksell (1851–1926), economist

• Johan Widekindi (c 1619–1675), historian

• Raj Somadeva, Archaeologist, Professor in Post Graduate Institute of Archaeology, University of Kelaniya, Sri lanka

Industry

 * Christopher Polhem (1661–1751)
 * Gustaf de Laval (1845–1913), engineer, co-founder of the present Alfa Laval
 * Jan Stenbeck (1942–2002)
 * Karl Jöreskog (born 1935), Professor Emeritus, co-author (with Dag Sörbom) of LISREL statistical program
 * Hans Dalborg (born 1941)
 * Carl-Henric Svanberg (born 1952)
 * Maarit Toivanen (born 1954), Finnish business executive and Vuorineuvos
 * Gunilla Asker (born 1962) CEO of Svenska Dagbladet
 * Niklas Zennström (born 1966)

Literature
• Georg Stiernhielm (1598–1672), poet, linguist and civil servant

• Carl Michael Bellman (1740–1795), poet and composer (matriculated 1758 but left after less than a year)

• Erik Gustaf Geijer (1783–1847), historian, poet and composer

• Erik Johan Stagnelius (1793–1823), poet

• Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom, poet

• Anders Leonard Bygdén (1844–1929), historian

• August Strindberg (1849–1912), novelist and playwright

• Henrik Schück (1855–1947), literary historian

• Axel Munthe (1857–1949), physician and writer

• Gustaf Fröding (1860–1911), poet

• Oscar Levertin (1862–1906), poet and critic

• Erik Axel Karlfeldt (1864–1931), poet; Nobel laureate in literature 1931 (posthumously)

• Hjalmar Söderberg (1869–1941), novelist

• Klara Johanson (1875–1948), literary critic, essayist

• Pär Lagerkvist (1891–1974), novelist, playwright; Nobel Laureate in Literature 1951

• Karin Boye (1900–1941), poet and novelist

• Gösta Knutsson (1908–1973), radio producer and author of children's books

• Sara Lidman (1923–2004), novelist

• Kerstin Ekman (born 1933), novelist

• Per Olov Enquist (born 1934), novelist

• Lars Gustafsson (1936–2016), novelist

• Peter Nilson (1937–1988), novelist, essayist and astronomer

• Håkan Nesser (born 1950), detective novelist

• Mari Jungstedt (born 1962), journalist and novelist

• Ola Larsmo (born 1957), novelist

• Kevin MacNeil, novelist, poet and playwright; former Writer in Residence at Uppsala

• Katrine Marçal, journalist and author

Music

 * Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland (1827–1852), song composer, matriculated 1844 and studied several semesters in Uppsala
 * Gunnar Wennerberg, composer, politician and civil servant
 * Hugo Alfvén, composer, director musices of Uppsala University
 * Wilhelm Stenhammar, composer, director musices of Uppsala University
 * Lars-Erik Larsson, composer, director musices of Uppsala University
 * Herbert Blomstedt, orchestral conductor
 * Petter Askergren (known as "Petter"), Swedish rap artist
 * Rickard Westman, member of folk music group Garmarna

Theatre and entertainment

 * Tage Danielsson, writer and entertainer (matriculated 1949, MA 1955, was vice chairman of Uppsala Student Union)

title: List of Uppsala University people


text: Category:Aerodynamics

title: Category:Aerodynamics


text:
Allegory and Self

Allegory and Self: Illustrations in Sound is a studio album released by Psychic TV in 1988.

Several versions have appeared, including the original picture disc (TOPY 035) and black vinyl (TOPY 038) versions in 1988 on Temple Records, Fundamental Records (SPIN 1006) and on pink marbled vinyl (666 copies). It has also appeared on CD in at least two versions, on Spin and Cleopatra (CLEO94912 - with 3 bonus remixed tracks). It has also been reissued in Russia.

The cover graphics feature Austin Osman Spare's General Allegory and other illustrations from his Automatic Drawings and Book Of Satyrs. In the original release there was included a book of what seems to be P-Orridge's own Book of Satyrs, with very Spare-ish pen-and-ink drawings and illuminations and key lyrics, handwritten.

The track The Starlit Mire takes its title from the book of epigrams of the same title (written by two doctors, James Bertram and F. Russell), illustrated by Spare around 1910, in which his illustrations once more displayed his interest in the abnormal and the grotesque.

Track 6, Caresse Song, is a recording of Orridge's young mom daughter Caresse singing as she toys around with a keyboard.

The line-up for this recording included long-time PTV friend and collaborator Monte Cazazza. According to allmusic.com, all compositions were co-written by Genesis P. Orridge and Alex Fergusson.

Reception
Trouser Press described "Godstar" (which is about musician Brian Jones) as "a catchy pop single".

12" vinyl
Side One: Side Two:
 * 1) "Godstar"
 * 2) "Just Like Arcadia"
 * 3) "Southern Comfort"
 * 4) "We Kiss"
 * 5) "She Was Surprised"
 * 6) "Caresse Song"
 * 1) "Starlit Mire"
 * 2) "Thee Dweller"
 * 3) "Being Lost"
 * 4) "Baby's Gone Away"
 * 5) "Ballet Disco"

Personnel

 * Genesis P-Orridge
 * Alex Fergusson
 * Dave Ball
 * Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson
 * Monte Cazazza
 * Rose McDowall

title: Allegory and Self