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Charles Vidor

Charles Vidor (born Károly Vidor; July 27, 1900 – June 4, 1959) was a Hungarian film director. Among his film successes are The Bridge (1929), The Tuttles of Tahiti (1942), The Desperadoes (1943), Cover Girl (1944), Together Again (1944), A Song to Remember (1945), Over 21 (1945), Gilda (1946), The Loves of Carmen (1948), Rhapsody (1954), Love Me or Leave Me (1955), The Swan (1956), The Joker Is Wild (1957), and A Farewell to Arms (1957).

Life and career
Born Károly Vidor in Budapest, Hungary, he served in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. He first came to prominence during the final years of the silent film era, working with Alex Korda among others. Contrary to common belief, he is not related to fellow director King Vidor (1894–1982).

Early Hollywood career
In 1922, Vidor emigrated to the United States. He worked as a basso for the English Grand Opera Company. He was a chorus boy in Love Song and worked on Hudson Bay as a longshoreman.

Vidor went to Hollywood where he worked as Korda's assistant. He attracted acclaim for a low budget short he made in his spare time with his own money, The Bridge (1929). This led to a contract at Universal Pictures to work in the editorial department.

He did some uncredited directing on MGM's The Mask of Fu Manchu (1932). His first credited feature as director was Sensation Hunters (1933) for Monogram Pictures. Vidor followed it with Double Door (1934) at Paramount.

RKO
Vidor accepted a contract to work at RKO Pictures. While there he directed Strangers All (1935), His Family Tree (1935), The Arizonian (1935), and Muss 'Em Up (1936).

Paramount
Vidor went back to Paramount where he directed A Doctor's Diary (1937), The Great Gambini (1937), and She's No Lady (1937).

Columbia Pictures
Vidor signed with Columbia Pictures where he directed Romance of the Redwoods (1939), Blind Alley (1939) and Those High Grey Walls (1939). These were lower budgeted productions but they were well received. "I enjoyed those little pictures", he said later.

Frank Capra got Vidor in to do some second unit work on Mr Smith Goes to Washington (1939), which was running behind schedule. Vidor directed the scenes in Smith's home town. "I had more money to spend than I was ever given to make a feature picture", he later said.

Vidor was loaned out to Edward Small to direct My Son, My Son! (1940). Back at Columbia, he began to be assigned to more prestigious films like The Lady in Question (1940). He took over from James Whale on They Dare Not Love (1941) and did Ladies in Retirement (1941).

Vidor was loaned to Paramount to direct New York Town (1941) and RKO for The Tuttles of Tahiti (1942).

Back at Columbia, Vidor directed the studio's first Technicolor movie, The Desperadoes (1943). He followed it with the Rita Hayworth–Gene Kelly musical, Cover Girl (1944) which was a huge success. On June 11, 1944 Vidor signed a seven-year contract with Columbia.

Vidor did Together Again (1944) then made a biopic of Chopin, A Song to Remember (1945), which was another big hit, and made a star of Cornel Wilde.

After Over 21 (1946) with Irene Dunne, Vidor directed another classic film with Gilda (1946) starring Hayworth and Glenn Ford.

Clashes with Harry Cohn
Vidor was Columbia's leading director but he was fighting with head of production Harry Cohn – for instance, Cohn wanted Vidor to direct Johnny O'Clock but Vidor refused.

He started directing The Guilt of Janet Ames (1947), but fought with Cohn and was replaced during filming by Henry Levin.

In 1946 Vidor sued Columbia, seeking to be released from his contract and $78,000 in damages. The case went to trial, where Vidor argued that he had been treated badly by Cohn, who swore at him. (Cohn admitted the swearing but said this was his way of expressing himself.) He also said Cohn would not loan him $25,000 to buy a new house and that Cohn made him cry twice by yelling at him. The judge ruled against Vidor, ordering him back to work. Vidor began directing Ford and William Holden in The Man from Colorado (1949) but clashed with Cohn once more over the shooting schedule and was fired during filming for being too slow, being replaced by Levin.

The matter settled and Vidor was reunited with Hayworth and Ford for the expensive The Loves of Carmen (1948). Columbia exercised their option under Vidor's contract.

In 1948 Vidor announced he had purchased rights to Sirocco, a French Foreign Legion tale based on the novel Coup de Grace he wanted to make with Rita Hayworth and Humphrey Bogart. He was also preparing to do the film version of Born Yesterday and did a few days uncredited work on Under Cover Man.

In August 1949 Vidor was assigned the musical The Petty Girl (1950). He refused to do it, Columbia put him on suspension, and Vidor told Columbia that he considered his contract with them at an end. (He was replaced on The Petty Girl by Levin). In September Columbia sued Vidor to stop him walking out on the contract.

In October 1949 Vidor bought himself out of his contract for $75,000 at $15,000 a year for five years. Louis B. Mayer had acted as intermediary "for the good of the industry". Vidor's career had two years to run, at $3,000 a week then $3,500 a week.

MGM
In December 1949 Vidor signed a contract with MGM to direct The Running of the Tide which was never made.

Vidor was one of several directors on MGM's It's a Big Country (1951).

Vidor went to Paramount with a project he had developed himself, Thunder in the East (filmed 1951, released 1952), which starred Alan Ladd.

Sam Goldwyn used him on Hans Christian Andersen (1952) which was a huge success. After filming Vidor optioned the novel SPQR and announced he would film it independently but it was not made.

At MGM Vidor did a musical with Elizabeth Taylor, Rhapsody (1954) and a biopic of Ruth Etting, Love Me or Leave Me (1955), a big success. Vidor directed Grace Kelly's last movie, The Swan (1956).

In 1956 he announced he had formed his own company, Aurora, to make The Life of Nijinsky.

Final years
Vidor went into partnership with Frank Sinatra and Joe E. Lewis to make a biopic of the latter, The Joker Is Wild (1957). Sinatra and Vidor were going to reunite on Kings Go Forth but then David O. Selznick hired Vidor to make the troubled A Farewell to Arms (1957), replacing John Huston.

Vidor's last film was an attempt to repeat the success of A Song to Remember, another biopic of a composer, in this case Liszt: Song Without End (1960) (originally titled A Magic Flame). He died of a heart attack three weeks into filming.

Personal life
He was married four times: He had three sons – Quentin, Brian and Michael.
 * Frances Varone 1927–1931
 * the actress Karen Morley 1932–1943 (separated 1940)
 * the actress Evelyn Keyes 1944–1945
 * Doris Warner, daughter of Warner Bros. President Harry Warner, 1945–1959 (until his death)

Death
Charles Vidor died at the age of 58 in Vienna, Austria, from a heart attack, reportedly in flagrante delicto with a bit player from the film he was directing at the time. He was in the midst of making Song Without End, and was replaced as director by George Cukor. He was entombed at Home of Peace Cemetery in the same mausoleum as Harry Warner.

Recognition
Vidor has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6676 Hollywood Boulevard for his contribution to motion pictures.

Filmography

 * The Bridge (1929 short)
 * The Mask of Fu Manchu (1932) (uncredited)
 * Sensation Hunters (1933)
 * Double Door (1934)
 * Strangers All (1935)
 * The Arizonian (1935)
 * His Family Tree (1935)
 * Muss 'em Up (1936)
 * Sinister House (1936)
 * A Doctor's Diary (1937)
 * The Great Gambini (1937)
 * She's No Lady (1937)
 * Romance of the Redwoods (1939)
 * Blind Alley (1939)
 * Those High Grey Walls (1939)
 * My Son, My Son! (1940)
 * The Lady in Question (1940)
 * They Dare Not Love (1941) (uncredited co-director)
 * Ladies in Retirement (1941)
 * New York Town (1941)
 * The Tuttles of Tahiti (1942)
 * The Desperadoes (1943)
 * Cover Girl (1944)
 * Together Again (1944)
 * A Song to Remember (1945)
 * Over 21 (1945)
 * Gilda (1946)
 * The Loves of Carmen (1948)
 * The Man from Colorado (1949)
 * It's a Big Country (1951)
 * Hans Christian Andersen (1952)
 * Thunder in the East (1952)
 * Rhapsody (1954)
 * Love Me or Leave Me (1955)
 * The Swan (1956)
 * The Joker Is Wild (1957)
 * A Farewell to Arms (1957)
 * Song Without End (1960)

title: Charles Vidor


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Doug Collins (basketball)

Paul Douglas Collins (born July 28, 1951) is an American basketball executive, former player, coach and television analyst in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played in the NBA from 1973 to 1981 for the Philadelphia 76ers, earning four NBA All-Star selections. He then became an NBA coach in 1986, and had stints coaching the Chicago Bulls, Detroit Pistons, Washington Wizards and Philadelphia 76ers. Collins also served as an analyst for various NBA-related broadcast shows. He is a recipient of the Curt Gowdy Media Award. In April, 2024, Collins was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame class of 2024 by the Contributors Committee.

Early life
Collins was born in Christopher, Illinois. He grew up in Benton, Illinois, where his next-door neighbor was future film star John Malkovich. Collins enjoyed a successful high school basketball career at Benton Consolidated High School under coach Rich Herrin.

College career
Collins went on to play for Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois, coached from 1970 by Will Robinson, the first black head coach in NCAA Division I.

Philadelphia 76ers (1973–1981)
Collins was drafted first overall in the 1973 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers. He played eight seasons for Philadelphia, and was an NBA All-Star four times. In the 1976–77 season, he joined Julius Erving leading the Sixers to the NBA Finals, where they lost to the Portland Trail Blazers.

A series of injuries to his feet and left knee beginning in 1979 would end Collins' career in 1981. In all, he played 415 NBA games, scoring 7,427 points (17.9 per game).

Coaching career
After his retirement, Collins turned to coaching. He joined Bob Weinhauer's staff at Penn as an assistant coach and later followed Weinhauer to Arizona State for the same job. He resigned from Arizona State on July 7, 1984, to become a CBS television commentator.

Chicago Bulls (1986–1989)
In May 1986, Collins was named head coach of the Chicago Bulls; the team featured a young Michael Jordan who was entering his third season. Despite having Jordan, the Bulls were coming off a 30–52 season and had fired their past two coaches after one season each.

Collins immediately helped the Bulls turn their fortunes around, showing an improvement of 10 games in each of his first two seasons, coaching Chicago to a 50–32 record in his second year. In his third year as coach, he brought Chicago to their first Eastern Conference finals appearance in 15 years; however, they were unable to get past their Central Division rival, the "Bad Boys" Detroit Pistons. Despite the Bulls' success and his popularity in Chicago, Collins was fired in the summer of 1989.

Detroit Pistons (1995–1998)
Collins was named the head coach of the Detroit Pistons in 1995. His results on arrival in Detroit were similar to those in Chicago, as the Pistons had a second-year star who drew comparisons to Michael Jordan, Grant Hill. In his first season, he was able to improve the team's previous season's record by 18 games and lead them back to the playoffs, though they would be swept by the Orlando Magic.

A fast start in his second season pushed Hill to the top of MVP consideration and Collins was named the Eastern Conference All-Star team's coach. The highlight of the year for Collins came on April 13, when the Pistons defeated the defending champion Bulls to end Detroit's 19-game losing streak against Chicago. (Incidentally Collins ended a Chicago losing streak against the Pistons in the 80's.) The Pistons finished 54–28 and lost in the first round of playoffs to the Atlanta Hawks, 3–2 in the best-of-five series.

Collins served as Pistons' head coach until February 2, 1998, when he was fired and replaced by Alvin Gentry. Collins then became a television broadcaster, working for many years at various networks, such as NBC on the NBA on NBC and TNT on the NBA on TNT.

Washington Wizards (2001–2003)
Collins worked as a broadcaster for about three years before being hired to coach the Washington Wizards for the start of the 2001–02 NBA season. In Washington, Collins was reunited with Michael Jordan and Charles Oakley. Once again, in his first season with his new team, Collins improved the team's previous season's record by 18 games. Though his .451 winning percentage through two seasons was better than the Wizards' .308 record the previous two seasons (and subsequent .305 record the following season), Collins was fired at the conclusion of the 2002–03 season.

Philadelphia 76ers (2010–2013)
On May 21, 2010, Collins was hired as head coach of the Philadelphia 76ers. While the 76ers initially started out poorly with a record of 3–13, the team showed great improvement as the season went on, and clinched the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference for the playoffs. Under Collins, the team increased its win total by 14 games over the previous season. They lost to the eventual Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat in the first round, but were able to avoid a sweep that had been predicted. Collins finished second in Coach of the Year voting that season.

In the lockout-shortened 2011–2012 season, Collins led the Sixers to an improved record, but Philadelphia was only able to take the eighth seed in the playoffs. Against the top seeded Chicago Bulls, Collins led the Sixers to their first playoff series victory since 2003. It was the fifth time in NBA history that an eighth seed defeated a first seed in a playoff series. They took the next series against the Boston Celtics to seven games, but lost.

Collins resigned as 76ers coach on April 18, 2013, citing a need to spend more time with his five grandchildren. It was announced that he would stay with the team as an adviser.

National team career
Collins represented the United States at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. Those basketball games are remembered mainly for the controversial gold medal basketball game between the United States and the Soviet Union, in which Collins played a key part.

Broadcasting career
Collins started doing work for CBS in the mid-1980s, calling mostly playoff games. He also was the lead color analyst for the local broadcasts of the 76ers' games during the 1985–86 season. In-between his various coaching stints he has done broadcasting work for CBS, NBC, TNT, TBS, and ABC/ESPN. He also called games for the New York Knicks during the 2003–04 season on MSG Network on a part-time basis, paired with Marv Albert.

After being fired by the Wizards, Collins returned to announcing games for TNT. In addition, he served as an analyst for NBC Sports' TV coverage of basketball at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He also was a basketball analyst for NBC during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

During this time, Collins's name surfaced several times regarding head coaching vacancies. In 2005, he was a candidate for the Milwaukee Bucks job but was passed over for Terry Stotts. Collins was approached by the team again in 2008 to serve as their GM and coach but turned them down again. In May 2008, Collins was in negotiations to coach the Chicago Bulls, nearly 20 years after he was fired from the team. However, Collins withdrew his name when he and owner Jerry Reinsdorf "agreed it wasn't the best to keep going this way," in light of their close personal friendship.

Chicago Bulls (2017–present)
On September 19, 2017, the Chicago Bulls announced that Collins had joined the team as senior advisor of basketball operations.

Personal life
Collins and his wife Kathy have two children. They reside in the Delaware Valley. Their son Chris, a former Duke University basketball player, is the head basketball coach at Northwestern University and their daughter Kelly, who played basketball at Lehigh University, is a school teacher in Pennsylvania.

Awards and honors
Illinois State University's basketball court is named after Collins (Doug Collins Court at Redbird Arena). A statue depicting Collins and his ISU coach, Will Robinson, was unveiled on September 19, 2009, outside the north entrance of Redbird Arena.

Collins was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State’s highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois on June 19, 2021.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Doug Collins (basketball)


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Echovirus

Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents. The term "echovirus" was used in the scientific names of numerous species, but all echoviruses are now recognized as strains of various species, most of which are in the family Picornaviridae.

List of echoviruses
Thirty-four echoviruses are known:

 * Human echoviruses 1–7, 9, 11–21, 24–27, and 29–33 are strains of the species Enterovirus B of the genus Enterovirus.
 * Human echovirus 8 was shown to be identical to Human echovirus 1 and was abolished as a species.
 * Human echovirus 10 was reclassified as a strain of the species Reovirus type 1, currently named Mammalian orthoreovirus of the genus Orthoreovirus, which belongs to the family Reoviridae. As such, Human echovirus 10 is the only echovirus that does not belong to the family Picornaviridae.
 * Human echoviruses 22 and 23 are strains of the species Parechovirus A of the genus Parechovirus.
 * Human echovirus 28 was reclassified as the species Human rhinovirus 1A, which was later merged with other rhinovirus strains into the currently named species Rhinovirus A of the genus Enterovirus.
 * Human echovirus 34 was abolished as a species and reclassified as a strain of Human coxsackievirus A24, which is now classified as a strain of the species Enterovirus C of the genus Enterovirus.

Symptoms
When one is infected with echovirus, symptoms are rare but can occur. When symptoms occur, they often include a cough, rash, and influenza-like symptoms. Rare symptoms include viral meningitis, which affects the brain and spinal cord.

Treatment
Echovirus infection mostly clears up on its own. Doctors may give an immune-system treatment called IVIG, which can help those with weak immune systems. No medicines are known to help against the virus.

title: Echovirus


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Talk:Lagerstätte

Pronunciation guide
I think this article would benefit from a pronunciation guide. Mel 97.124.136.230 (talk) 04:53, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

''The German word literally translates as "resting places." '' - According to my Paleobiology Text book (by Derek Briggs) Lagerstätten means is dervived from mining traddition and means any rock or sedimentary body containing constituents of economic interest. The correct word is fossil-Lagerstätten, that is fossil bearing rocks worthy of exploitation. Which of the two is correct? Any German speakers out there? Sabine's Sunbird 11:25, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * In a paleontological context, the "fossil-" is now understood; Paleobiology II came out in a new edition in 2003. The "worthy of exploitation" aspect is less relevant, outside the extractive industries, where the word was originally coined. "Lagerstätten" appears even in article titles nowadays, I notice. Even if it were less correct, the more common usage always makes the better heading for a Wikipedia article, don't you think? --Wetman

 * Sorry, I was unclear. What I meant was that the origin of the word laggerstatten was from fossil-lagerstatten, as in "fossil bearing rocks worthy of exploitation", rather than lagerstatten from the word 'resting place'. Thus the wording of the article should reflect this (I wasn't suggesting changiing the title), assuming that that is the correct origin of the word Sabine's Sunbird 15:59, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

"Konzentrat-Lagerstätten (or concentration Lagerstätten) signifies deposits with a particular concentration of disarticulated organic hard parts, such as a bone bed" — adding "or an oyster bed" shows a misunderstanding of the geology or of the German. Shelly parts of an oyster bed that have been concentrated in an accumulation away from their living site (through tidal forces etc.) are the only possible example I can think of for this addition. Oyster beds preserved in situ are not Konzentrat-Lagerstätten. I have not removed this confusing addition, following the general principle Avoid unnecessary interference. --Wetman 14:59, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I added it as a further example of accumilation deposits, I guess it could be confusing for the reasons you gave. Maybe an ammonite coquina would be a better example? Sabine's Sunbird 15:59, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi, folks! I am the german native speaker you where asking for. First: the german word Lagerstätte does not derive from resting place. A resting place, in the sense of a camp or a grave, would simply be Lager, or Grab respectively. Lagerstätte rather stems from Lage, in the sense of "layer", and is solely used in conection with Mineral Deposits, not with fossil-Lagerstätten (as in english), nor with archeological sites (as in spanish). The article yacimiento in the spanish Wikipedia, to wich this article is linked, is actually a Definition-choise page (or what ever you call it), that does list all three meanings. Second: the german term for a paleontological, or archeological site is: Fundstätte (= findingplace). Unfortunatately this english page is now linked to the german page Lagerstätte, which itself is linked to the english page deposit. So, every now and then appears some mindless bot, and changes the link back to this (incorrect) page (mumbling Hasta la vista, baby in the process). Would you please be so kind, to delete your current german link and change it to the article Fundstätte? Yours sincerely.

 * Ups! The article "Fundstätte" does not exist yet. So, just please delete the link to "Lagerstätte". User:Geoz.

 * I read - I think in Palæobiology II - a synthesis - that it meant 'Mother Lode'. Is this a literal translation, or an anglicisation? Verisimilus  T  17:57, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * There actually is the german word Lagerstatt meaning resting place, it is just not commonly used anymore. The word Lagerstätte with the meaning of resting place exists as well in german language, it is not an everyday word anymore either but still can be found in literature (poetry and alike). Both Lagerstatt and Lagerstätte have the same plural Lagerstätten. -- 87.78.198.78 (talk) 01:45, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Does Big Bone Lick, Kentucky, qualify?
Big Bone Lick State Park preserves the site of a deposit of Pleistocene megafauna fossils. I recall reading somewhere (sorry, I can't find the reference) that it ranks second as such in North America, after Rancho La Brea, California. Does it rate a mention in a list of Lagerstätten, or categorization as such? Teratornis 16:45, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

 * No, this perennial schoolboy favorite, though a site where fossils have been retrieved, is not a lagerstätte. --Wetman 23:55, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, why not? Insufficient number of fossils? Insufficient diversity? The fact that many or possibly most of the fossils originally in the site are now in museums around the world? Why doesn't explain the arbitrary distinction to the schoolboys who constitute a large percentage of Wikipedia readers? (Incidentally, I feel cheated to have passed through childhood during the before time, as in before Wikipedia.) Perhaps some schoolboys would not understand why Big Bone fails the definition of : La Brea is an example of a concentration Lagerstätten, because it is noted for its large quantity of fossils. The tar pits formed concentration traps in which organisms became trapped and died. Other examples of concentration Lagerstätten include fissure fills, cave deposits and bone beds. As Wikipedia is to be written for the nonexpert, the distinction bears explaining. Perhaps a section could be added: "Fossil deposits that don't make the cut, and why" or something to that effect. Along with an audio file of derisive laughter from Eric Cartman, to drive the point home. --Teratornis 19:43, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh, I merely meant "schoolboy favorite" as in that perennial schoolboy favorite pope, Pope Hilarius: with their contracted cultural horizons, today's schoolboys doubtless have other favorites, closer to home. Or jokes are harsher and more violent. At any rate, not every bone bed with dramatic megafauna is a lagerstätte: La Brea also trapped pollen. That should be made clearer in the article: a lagerstätte offers a snapshot, frozen in time, of a paleoecology. --Wetman 13:51, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, Seilacher himself uses the term pretty inclusively; neither exceptional preservation nor a lack of time averaging is needed to qualify as a Lagerstätte. See my comments below. -- DE 72.48.177.50 (talk) 17:59, 31 December 2013 (UTC)

Naracoorte Caves National Park
Does this also qualify, it is quite famous for the fossils it contains. Enlil Ninlil 06:14, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think. If La Brea Tar Pits form a lagerstätte, don't these less familiar caves, too? Let's wait to hear what others think. --Wetman 23:55, 25 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I don't think anyone would argue with you if you called it a konsentrat-lagerstatten. I don't think it's quite a case of "qualifying"! Verisimilus  T  13:54, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

Ghost Ranch
Ghost Ranch, though it is linked, does not have an article on its palaeo. It should have. Macdonald-ross (talk) 12:23, 21 January 2011 (UTC)
 * ditto Karatau. All names not linked to a palaeo article should be red-linked by name-change, eg. "Ghost Ranch formation". Macdonald-ross (talk) 12:55, 21 January 2011 (UTC)
 * It's the Chinle Formation, not the "ghost ranch formation", and I'm not sure it would even qualify. Also, I'm assuming what you call "Karatau" is the Karabastau Formation, which is actually Jurassic, not Triassic. Dgrootmyers (talk) 00:32, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

Addition request - Mangrullo Formation

 * Transferred from inappropriately placed request from the main article space. I'll see if I can add it myself-- O BSIDIAN  †  S OUL  18:15, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

Please, add the recently described Early Permian Mangrullo, mesosaur bearing, Konservat Lagerstätte from Uruguay to the list of important Lagerstätten. This is the oldest and only known Paleozoic Lagerstätte from South America, and preserves extraordinary well preserved mesosaur reptiles and pygocephalomorph crustaceans, including the oldest known amniote embryos and putative eggs, and phosphatized delicate structures as blood vessels and nerves. Source: Piñeiro, G.; Ramos, A.; Goso, C.; Scarabino, F. & Laurin, M. 2012. Unusual environmental conditions produced a Konservat Lagerstätte from Uruguay. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 57 (2): 299–318. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Graciela Piñeiro (talk • contribs) 14:54, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ I'll try to create an article on the formation itself based on your paper as well. Feel free to correct it if I make any errors. Cheers. -- O BSIDIAN  †  S OUL  18:36, 17 October 2012 (UTC)

The List is Badly Named!
In one of the earliest English papers I could find on the subject, Dolf Seilacher puts forward a very, very broad definition of a fossil-Lagerstätten.
 * "Corresponding to economic Lagerstätten of minerals and ores, fossil Lagerstätten were defined as rock bodies unusually rich in palaeontological information, either in a quantitative or qualitative sense. This means that the term embraces not only strata with an unusual preservation, but also less spectacular deposits such as shell beds, bone beds and crinoidal limestones.  The concept also implies that there is no sharp boundary with 'normal' fossiliferous rocks."

Exceptional preservation is explicitly called unnecessary, and time-averaging is not mentioned. Please note that this is Dr. Seilacher's own definition for a fossil Lagerstätten, and since he originated the term, there isn't much wiggle room here. When he refers to these less spectacular deposits he is referring to konzentrat-Lagerstätten and not konservat, but Lagerstätten nonetheless. Things like oyster beds or vertebrate bonebeds are Lagerstätten regardless of the quality of preservation or the duration of deposition. The list as it stands seems to be mostly of koservat-Lagerstätten, with an uneven sprinkling of the most notable konzentrat-Lagerstätten. It is not nearly as exhaustive as it ought to be given the title. Even so, I realize that a truly exhaustive list of notable Lagerstätten would be daunting, since most invertebrate and a large percentage of vertebrate sites would qualify, but there we are. The list should either be renamed "Important konservat-Lagerstätten," or made a great deal more inclusive. If the latter option is selected, places like Big Bone Lick, Como Bluff / Morrison Formation, and the entire Cincinnatian sequence should absolutely be included. --DE 72.48.177.50 (talk) 17:58, 31 December 2013 (UTC)

I edited the title to reflect the true nature of the list. 72.48.177.50 (talk) 18:51, 3 January 2014 (UTC)

That was Dolf's proposal. But the usage within the field has tended towards reserving the term for sites with unusual or spectacularly good preservation. Certainly that was the aspect being stressed when I was a palaeontology student, in the mid-80s. And using a textbook written by one of that list of authors. Since then, the konzentrat-Lagerstätten have tended to retain the descriptions "bone beds", crinoidal limestones, etc. AKarley (talk) 13:36, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

Geiseltal
The mid-Eocene Geiseltal formation, ~45 mya, is sufficiently important to be given an article and to be included here, yes? -Wetman (talk) 20:24, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

Emerging possibly very important Lagerstätte
I just read an article about an emerging new Lagerstätte in the Hell Creek area USA. Here is the Link; https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/04/08/the-day-the-dinosaurs-died. If this pans out it could be the most important fossil site ever discovered. The Geologist is young & controversial. It appears to have been laid down within hours of the K-Pg Extinction Event. Professor Alvarez has visited the site which is being kept secret. If it passes scrutiny it will be direct evidence of the Event including victims, Tektites, chaotic deposits etc. It should at least be briefly mentioned as a possible new Lagerstätte in the encyclopedia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tvsterling (talk • contribs) 15:48, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

That sounds like the so-called "Tanis" deposit (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanis_(fossil_site)) which has since been published. While preservation is good, I'm not so sure that it was spectacularly or unusually good (as required for the classification of "Lagerstätte".) AKarley (talk) 13:27, 21 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Indeed, this seems to be a reference to the highly controversial (methodology and results have been questioned) Tanis site, which is already in the Cretaceous list. I would support removing it from the list for now, as its controversial nature is still being addressed by the wider paleontological community, and that I am aware, no reliable sources currently have ACTUALLY deemed it a lagersttäte.-- Kev  min  § 23:02, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree that Tanis is currently disputed and should be removed from the list until reliable secondary sources provide evidence that there is consensus that Tanis is a lagerstätte (or not). The only source in scientific journals that I have found referring to Tanis as a lagerstätte is the primary source by de Palma et al. GeoWriter (talk) 00:00, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

Anglophonic bias tag
, you placed the Anglophonic tag on the article, please elaborate on specifically what you feel is biased in the current presentation.-- Kev min  § 23:04, 31 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Its the geographical selection of formations and localities that is biased towards Anglo-Saxon countries (and Europe). Can the list be representative if no Lagerstätte in Africa beyond South Africa is mentioned? Also, only one is mentioned in Russia while a total of ten are mentioned for Australia, a much smaller country. Lappspira (talk) 07:53, 1 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Which Older then Pliocene sites, described in the literature as Lagerstätte, do you feel are missing from Africa, and which younger then Paleozoic sites, described as Lagerstätte, are missing from Russia? And why have you not simply added them, rather then tagging the article with no explaination?-- Kev min  § 14:25, 1 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I am by no means a Lagerstätte expert, but its quite clear that the geographical distribution of the examples in the article is not even. The case that Russia or the whole of Africa has as many known Lagerstättes as England or Scotland is highly suspicious. Lappspira (talk) 07:24, 2 February 2023 (UTC)
 * The lack of well-worked fossil sites in certain parts of the world is a pervasive institutional bias that reflects the dominance of Europe, China, and the Americas in paleontology research. It is quite probable that Lagerstätten exist in Russia, Africa, and even Antarctica, but these have not been found or excavated because of insufficient local knowledge of such sites, distance from the sites to well-funded research institutions, difficulty in housing expeditionary teams, local political issues, or any combination of these factors.  While I agree that this is a bias, I don't think it's one that Wikipedia is equipped to address.  There may very well be abundant Lagerstätten in places like South Sudan, Yemen, or the Democratic Republic of the Congo that have yet to be discovered due to the unstable political situation in those countries.  This would in turn bias our knowledge of the fossil record, but independent research would be necessary to determine if that is indeed the case.  There is also the possibility that the density of Lagerstätten in places like Russia are reflective of improper preservation conditions in the region.  For example, a large part of Russia's bedrock in formed by igneous flood basalts, which do not preserve fossils.  It may also be possible that permafrost has destroyed or obscured our ability to find such sites.  We simply don't know yet if this is reflective of a systemic institutional bias or a true preservation bias.

 * This issue must be resolved by the researchers themselves and therefore, in my opinion, does not warrant the Anglophonic bias tag because it is not possible to resolve within the scope of Wikipedia's guidelines until further research is done.--A Cynical Idealist (talk) 07:52, 13 May 2023 (UTC)
 * , acknowledgment of this bias is to be expected to be found in some taphonomy text. When such reliable source is found I think it merits an inclusion on top of the article to warn the reader of bias. That would in my opinion be the best approach to this problem. Lappspira (talk) 18:50, 27 August 2023 (UTC)
 * @Lappspira I agree 100%. I'll see if I can find something in the literature.  I do know a few researchers who have spoken about this in a non-academic context, but I'll have to see if any of these views are reflected in their published research. A Cynical Idealist (talk) 21:50, 27 August 2023 (UTC)

Improving relevance of thumbnails
In the various tables, many of the related images are simply a reconstruction of an animal from the area with a short description. This is fine, but I believe that the importance of preservation fidelity in conservation Lagerstaetten means it would be an improvement to the article if the associated thumbnails were photographs of various specific fossils from the localities where possible. Many of the entries on the list have such thumbnails, but I think a more uniform theme would be appropriate. I wasn't sure if this was something that needed discussion before making the edit so I figured I would ask. A Cynical Idealist (talk) 06:56, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

Lagerstätte/Lagerstätten or lagerstätte/lagerstätten?
Currently, this article uses capitalised and non-capitalised versions of the words lagerstätte and lagerstätten. This usage is inconsistent. I suggest that this article should be consistent in its use of upper case or lower case letters for these words. I think that specific examples, e.g. Canjuers Lagerstätte, would be proper names, and the upper case Lagerstätte is appropriate. However, when referring to a single unnamed occurrence of the phenomenon in general terms (i.e. as a common noun) should this article use "a Lagerstätte" or "a lagerstätte"? When referring to the group of some or all occurrences (i.e. as a common noun) should this article use Lagerstätten or lagerstätten? Lagerstätte is an English word (e.g. it is in the Oxford English Dictionary), albeit derived from German. I think "a lagerstätte" and "lagerstätten" would be more consistent with English grammar. Is it better for this Wikipedia article to follow English spelling and case conventions rather than German spelling rules? GeoWriter (talk) 19:24, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
 * In the absence of any objections or comments, I have changed the article to use lowercase versions of these words when not part of a proper name. GeoWriter (talk) 17:22, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lagerstätte


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Timeline (novel)

Timeline is a science fiction novel by American writer Michael Crichton, his twelfth under his own name and twenty-second overall, published in November 1999. It tells the story of a group of history students who travel to 14th-century France to rescue their professor. The book follows in Crichton's long history of combining science, technical details, and action in his books, this time addressing quantum and multiverse theory.

The novel spawned Timeline Computer Entertainment, a computer game developer that created the Timeline PC game published by Eidos Interactive in 2000. Additionally, an eponymous film based on the book was released in 2003.

Plot
In northern Arizona near Corazón Canyon, a married couple driving through the desert encounter an elderly man. They take him to a hospital in Gallup, New Mexico. Hospital staff learn that he works for the company ITC. After he dies, an MRI reveals that he had unexplainable abnormalities in his blood vessels.

In the Dordogne region of southwest France, Professor Edward Johnston leads a group of archaeologists and historians as they study a site that includes the fourteenth-century towns of Castelgard and La Roque. Suspicious of the detailed knowledge of the site shown by their funds provider ITC, Johnston travels to New Mexico to investigate. During his absence, the researchers make disturbing discoveries in the ruins, including the lens to Johnston's eyeglasses, and a written message from him that is determined to be over 600 years old. Four of the researchers—graduate students Chris Hughes and Kate Erickson, assistant professor André Marek, and technology specialist David Stern—are flown to ITC's research headquarters in Black Rock, New Mexico.

During the flight, ITC vice president John Gordon informs them that Johnston traveled to the year 1357 using their undisclosed quantum technology. After touring the facility and meeting with ITC president Robert Doniger, the historians decide to venture into the past to rescue Johnston. Stern chooses to stay behind because the time period is extremely dangerous.

A team consisting of Chris, Kate, Marek and two ITC guards travels to 1357. After arriving, they are attacked by knights chasing a boy. The ITC guards are killed, and one activates a grenade before being fatally wounded and initiates his return, causing the present-day transit pad to be damaged by the explosion. Stern and the ITC employees struggle to repair it so the team can return home.

Kate and Marek find Johnston at a monastery, but he is soon taken captive by the soldiers of Lord Oliver de Vannes, an English knight and resident lord of Castelgard, who is convinced Johnston knows the secret passageway to the otherwise impregnable castle of La Roque, which Oliver controls. Oliver's enemy, French commander Arnaut de Cervole, plans to attack Oliver's domain, and Oliver wants the secret to defend it.

Separated from the others, Chris follows the boy and inadvertently identifies himself as a nobleman. The "boy" leads Chris to the castle of Castelgard, and is revealed to be Lady Claire d'Eltham in disguise. She is being pressured to marry Sir Guy de Malegant. Chris and Marek (who has since found Chris) are challenged to a joust by Guy: Chris's apparent nobility and him accompanying Lady Claire have turned him into the enemy of Guy. The two survive the challenge thanks to Marek's knowledge of medieval combat.

Oliver orders the historians' imprisonment. They escape Castelgard and are pursued by Sir Robert de Kere, Oliver's advisor. Meanwhile, Oliver relocates to La Roque, taking Johnston with him. To rescue Johnston, the historians search for clues to the location of the secret passage to La Roque. After gathering information at the monastery, they find a clue in a water mill, but get captured and interrogated by Arnaut. After escaping Arnaut's forces, Chris and Kate find the entrance to the passage at a decrepit chapel while Marek gains entry into La Roque by posing as Johnston's assistant. Marek learns that the professor is helping Oliver build an incendiary weapon to use against Arnaut's forces, believing that Oliver will lose the siege anyway as he historically does.

The historians have learned that another person from the present is helping Oliver's forces. The person is revealed to be de Kere, who is really Rob Deckard, an ITC employee driven insane from errors in the process of teleporting to another time that built up in his body over multiple trips, much like the elderly man the couple in Arizona found. Deckard plans to prevent the historians' return to the present and kill them.

Chris and Kate use the passage to enter La Roque. Arnaut begins the siege of La Roque, and enters the castle by apparently using the passage. During the battle, Kate is chased by Guy and sends him falling to his death. Marek and Chris free Johnston from a dungeon. Arnaut duels with Oliver, who ends up being trapped in a pit of putrid water. As the historians flee, Chris is attacked by Deckard, but kills him by setting him on fire with Johnston's incendiary weapon.

Stern and the ITC employees repair the transit pad just in time for the historians' return. Marek, who has always wanted to live in the Middle Ages, decides to stay behind, while Chris, Kate, and Johnston return to the present.

The historians and Gordon confront Doniger, who had little concern for the travelers' safety and intends to exploit the quantum technology for corporate gain. Gordon renders him unconscious and sends him to 1348 Europe, during the Black Death.

Chris and Kate are later implied to become a couple, and Kate becomes pregnant. While examining a site in England, the researchers find the graves of Marek and Lady Claire, whom he married. Despite knowing that Marek had a happy life, they miss him.

Point of view
The novel is written in the third-person-omniscient point of view.

Andre Marek
Andre Marek is a Dutch researcher who works with Professor Johnston in Dordogne. Marek has always had a fascination with medieval times that is so intense that he has taught himself to joust, to fight with a sword, and to shoot a longbow. He also learned to speak and understand medieval languages such as Occitan and Middle English. Therefore, when Marek gets the chance to go to that era, via ITC's invention, he jumps at it.

Marek proves himself very brave in the medieval world. He fights multiple soldiers, not hesitating to take their lives; bravely stands up to medieval warlords and Archpriests; and is very convincing in the role of a knight. No one - not even knights who oppose him - have a doubt about his being one, fully entitled to be called "Sir Andre". Ultimately, Marek realizes that he was meant to live in this period. For this reason, he chooses to remain behind. When Professor Johnston, Kate, and Chris return to their own world, they find Marek's grave and discover that he lived a happy life in that alternate universe.

Kate Erickson
Kate Erickson began her college career as an architecture student but found it boring and switched her major to history. Kate now works the Dordogne site from the perspective of architecture, examining the ruins to see how they were built and to make recommendations for restoration.

Kate is part of Marek's team that travels to the 14th century to save Professor Johnston. Kate repeatedly demonstrates her bravery and uses her climbing skills to outwit the soldiers of the period. Kate is also something of a romantic and falls in love with Chris during the adventure.

Chris Hughes
Chris Hughes is a student of Professor Johnston's. Chris’ specialty at the archeological site at Dordogne is the mill; he is trying to determine whether or not the mill was fortified, a feature that was fairly new at the time. When Johnston disappears and Marek asks Chris to be part of the team that rescues him, Chris jumps at the chance.

Chris is something of a weakling who often finds himself getting in difficult situations, usually over women. When he goes to the past, he finds himself lying to a pretty girl to impress her, and his lie causes him to end up having to joust with her potential husband. As time passes, however, Chris proves himself to be much braver than he appears. In fact, he single-handedly kills de Kere, the one man crazy enough to kill Chris' entire team.

Professor Edward Johnston
Professor Edward Johnston is a college professor who is in charge of the archeological site at Dordogne, in France. Johnston is an inspiration to and supportive of his students, and they admire him. When Johnston goes missing after traveling to New Mexico to confront ITC's CEO, his team rallies to find a way to save him.

Johnston has traveled to the past through a separate universe. He has been found by the local people and for this reason has created a new persona for himself, as a Magister who has come to help the local monastery's abbot look for important information in their archives. In this capacity, Johnston quickly becomes something of a local legend. This causes Sir Oliver to request his help in defeating Arnaut. Johnston plays along until the moment comes when he can return home.

David Stern
David Stern is a physicist who takes a job with the Dordogne River Valley archeological site just to be close to where his girlfriend is attending school. When Doniger calls Marek and asks him to pick his three best people to return to New Mexico, Marek chooses Stern to be part of the team. When the science behind the ability to transmit people to other universes is discussed, Stern probably understands it better than anyone else and, therefore, is also the only one who recognizes that it is dangerous and chooses not to go. However, by not going, Stern becomes a key part of the team by assuring their survival via his innovations to rebuild the water walls that provide buffer for the re-building team. Stern saves their lives.

Reception
Cahners Business Information says the book will "grab teens' attention from the very first page", and Entertainment Weekly calls Timeline "exhilarating entertainment." The novel has also grasped the attention of scholars of medievalism, since Crichton praises Norman Cantor's Inventing the Middle Ages (1989) as a central influence on his characterization of academic research on the medieval past. Crichton's narrative seems to support Cantor's notion that the work of academic medievalists amounts to little more than subjective reinventions of the medieval era.

Film adaptation
Paramount Pictures produced a feature film adaptation, with a budget of $80 million, released on November 26, 2003. The adaptation was written by Jeff Maguire and George Nolfi, and directed by Richard Donner, and stars Paul Walker as Chris, Gerard Butler as Marek, Billy Connolly as Professor Johnston, and Frances O'Connor as Kate. The film was poorly received by critics and audiences.

title: Timeline (novel)


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Talk:Timeline (novel)

External link
Okay, now we at least have a stub up... I thought about putting Amazon's page on it as an external link, but I don't know what policy says about that, as it is a retail site? --DUc0N 11:27, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Multiverse theory
The summary of Crichton's take on the "multiverse" is missing a key piece of information. In the book, Crichton indicated that only universes which are closely parallel to each other can affect each other. In other words, only very similar universes will ever "interact" with each other, not all universes, everywhere.--173.170.17.249 (talk) 17:53, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Problem with the story
If they don't travel in time, but to a parallel universe, how did the professors message and glasses get back? :-O -- Nils Jeppe 11:30, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

^^^remember its fiction^^^ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.190.35.38 (talk) 00:31, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

The whole "Science" section is taken directly from the novel, without being clear about this fact. Whole pages are quoted, verbatim save for the removal of "Gordon said" and the like.

It needs to either be made into a proper paraphrasing (i.e. the book's wording must be avoided) or into a proper quotation (in which case it's probably too extensive for "fair use" to protect it). In either case, the Wikipedia article needs to be very clear that the entire section is taken directly from the book.

-- Cythraul 14:34, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Timeline, however, has some scientific and factual errors
i think this claim should be bolstered with examples, preferably by someone adept at explaining quantum mechanics in simple terms. Streamless 17:45, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Keep in mind that Timeline is indeed fiction while you read it, and it should be read as such. haha. :) 69.19.14.17 (talk) 17:14, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Suggest removal
''Although trivial, it's worth a mention that ITC employee Frank Gordon might be named after Half-Life protagonist Gordon Freeman, since they both work for hi tech research companies. Although Timeline was published after the release of Half-Life, the opposite can also be true, that Gordon Freeman takes part of his name from Frank Gordon. This could have been accomplished if an employee of Valve (the developers of Half Life and its sequel) had access to the book before its publication. Also worth noting that the location of ITC is in Black Rock, which is similar to Black Mesa, the research facility in Half-Life where most of the game takes place.''

This should probably be removed as pure speculation. Frank Gordon and Gordon Freeman? Come on. That's a bit of a stretch. High tech research companies are common in science fiction thrillers. PrometheusX303 23:07, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

"Literary significance & criticism" problems
This entire sections is poorly written and hard to follow. I suggest it be rewritten, in part if not completely. I don't know what exactly the section is even trying to say, as it's all over the place. I'm going to begin trying to make sense of it, but help would be appreciated.--Mike 12:14, 18 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I strongly agree. It is just...bad. There are grammar problems, unspecific and unsupported assertions, and an almost total lack of illustrative examples. Unless it can be re-written to be useful, I would suggest cutting it. GutterMonkey 09:07, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Personally, this section is just pure POV until someone backs it up with factual information from peer-reviewed sources. Their is nothing cited in the whole section, and it isn't written from an objective perspective. A proper way to open may be "Some literary critics and scientists criticized the book for factual errors and omission of relevant information." I suggest tagging it with POV until it is fixed, or removing it altogether until somebody writes something better. --Alcarcalimo2364 09:01, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, after spending an hour on google looking for a group of scientists who would criticize the science in this book, I couldn't find any. So I'm gonna delete the section until somebody finds something to write in this section, because the crap that is there now won't work. --Alcarcalimo2364 10:11, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * You guys are right about the page not being good quality, but I would sure like to see "literary devices & elements" as a section. That would be pretty helpful. --Superjoe30 03:04, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Error in the Plot Summary
"Sir Guy de Malegant also tramples the lead guide (Gomez) with his horse, and takes her transmitters from her ears (Although the protagonists do not realize this)."

I don't think this is right. de Malegant decapitates Gomez, and some of the time-travellers go back to retrieve the back-up 'homing' device from her wig, but no-one removes her comms devices, and only de Kere/Deckard is able to listen in to the protagonists. Halmyre 18:55, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

 * The summary refers to "archaeologists," and it is true that the people are doing archaeology, but the author, who got a degree in physical anthropology, refers to them as experimental historians and people in ancillary fields. Kdammers (talk) 11:41, 15 July 2015 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:MichaelCrighton Timeline.jpg
Image:MichaelCrighton Timeline.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 21:50, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Timeline Book.jpg
Image:Timeline Book.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 02:23, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

andre and arnaut vs oliver?
"Arnaut and André find Oliver about to drown Johnston, but save Johnston and leave Oliver to drown instead" i believe arnaut makes chris(not andre) lead him to oliver where they save the professor 24.17.211.150 (talk) 04:57, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

I agree. I just finished the book. Andre was with the Professor when Oliver had him taken to the dungeon; he was tied up in the corner. Arnaut has Chris lead him to the dungeons. Frogger1093 (talk) 02:14, 2 April 2010 (UTC)

ITC?
The plot summary refers to something called "ITC," which seems to play an important role in the plot. However, the abbreviation is left undefined. Is it a corporation? One might think so because it evidently has a chief executive officer. Defining the abbreviation or explaining what ITC is would help make the plot summary more understandable to readers.

Zedshed (talk) 12:56, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Timeline (novel)


text:
User:Bassel max

Syrian Arab Republic logo

title: User:Bassel max


text:
User:IMeowbot/playground

The following is a table listing members of the cast of the Harry Potter films.

Actors in the role of characters which have not been confirmed to appear in the upcoming Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix are still sorted in the same categories as those which are confirmed. However, a grey cell uner the "Movie 5" heading indicates that the character appears in the book. A blank cell indicates that the character should not be cast as he or she does not appear in the book. For more details about actors returning in their roles, see Differences between book and film versions of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.

{| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" width="20%" |Character ! colspan="5" align="center" | Movie ! align="center" width="16%" | 1 ! align="center" width="16%" | 2 ! align="center" width="16%" | 3 ! align="center" width="16%" | 4 ! align="center" width="16%" | 5 ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" |

Principal Characters
! Harry Potter ! Ron Weasley ! Hermione Granger ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" |
 * colspan="5" | Daniel Radcliffe
 * colspan="5" | Rupert Grint
 * colspan="5" | Emma Watson

Hogwarts staff and denizens (human)
! Albus Dumbledore ! Argus Filch ! Filius Flitwick ! Wilhelmina Grubbly-Plank ! Rubeus Hagrid ! Madam Hooch ! Gilderoy Lockhart ! Minerva McGonagall ! Madam Pomfrey ! Severus Snape Alec Hopkins ! Pomona Sprout ! Sibyll Trelawney ! Dolores Umbridge ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Hogwarts staff and denizens (non-human) ! The Bloody Baron ! Sir Cadogan ! Dobby ! The Fat Friar ! The Fat Lady ! The Grey Lady ! Moaning Myrtle ! Nearly Headless Nick ! Sorting Hat ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Hogwarts students ! Hannah Abbott ! Katie Bell ! Susan Bones ! Lavender Brown ! Cho Chang ! Penelope Clearwater ! Vincent Crabbe ! Colin Creevey ! Cedric Diggory ! Justin Finch-Fletchley ! Marcus Flint ! Seamus Finnigan ! Gregory Goyle ! Terence Higgs ! Angelina Johnson ! Neville Longbottom ! Luna Lovegood ! Ernie Macmillan ! Draco Malfoy ! Pansy Parkinson ! Padma Patil ! Parvati Patil ! Adrian Pucey ! Zacharias Smith ! Alicia Spinnet ! Dean Thomas ! Fred Weasley ! George Weasley ! Ginny Weasley ! Oliver Wood ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters ! Barty Crouch Jr. ! Bellatrix Lestrange ! Lucius Malfoy ! Peter Pettigrew ! Qurinius Quirrell ! Lord Voldemort Ian Hart (as Tom Riddle) ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Ministry of Magic Workers ! Amelia Bones ! Amos Diggory ! Barty Crouch Senior ! Dawlish ! Cornelius Fudge ! Kingsley Shacklebolt ! Nymphadora Tonks ! Arthur Weasley ! Percy Weasley ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Other Order of the Phoenix Members ! Sirius Black James Walters ! Aberforth Dumbledore ! Arabella Figg ! Remus Lupin James Utechin ! Alastor Moody ! James Potter ! Lily Potter ! Molly Weasley ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Muggles ! Frank Bryce ! Dudley Dursley ! Aunt Marge Dursley ! Petunia Dursley ! Vernon Dursley ! Malcolm (Dudley's gang) ! Piers Polkiss ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Foreign Wizards and Witches ! Fleur Delacour ! Igor Karkaroff ! Viktor Krum ! Olympe Maxime ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Daily Prophet-, Hogsmeade-, Diagon Alley- and Knockturn Alley-related ! Mr. Borgin ! Bozo (photographer) ! Griphook the Goblin ! Mr Ollivander ! Madam Rosmerta ! Rita Skeeter ! colspan="6" style="background-color:lightblue;" | Other Non-Humans ! Bane ! Firenze ! Grawp ! Magorian
 * colspan="2" | Richard Harris
 * colspan="3" | Michael Gambon
 * colspan="4" | David Bradley
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" | Warwick Davis
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Apple Brook
 * colspan="5" | Robbie Coltrane
 * Zoe Wanamaker
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Kenneth Branagh
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" | Maggie Smith
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Gemma Jones
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" | Alan Rickman
 * colspan="1" | Alan Rickman
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Miriam Margolyes
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1" | Emma Thompson
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1"| Emma Thompson
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Imelda Staunton
 * Terence Bayler
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Paul Whitehouse
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Toby Jones
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Simon Fisher-Becker
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Elizabeth Spriggs
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Dawn French
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Nina Young
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Shirley Henderson
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Shirley Henderson
 * colspan="2" | John Cleese
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Leslie Phillips
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Charlotte Skeoch
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Charlotte Skeoch
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Emily Dale
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Eleanor Columbus
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Jennifer Smith
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Katie Leung
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Gemma Padley
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="5" | Jamie Waylett
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Hugh Mitchell
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1" | Robert Pattinson
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Edward Randell
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Jamie Yeates
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="5" | Devon Murray
 * colspan="5" | Joshua Herdman
 * Will Theakston
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" | Danielle Tabor
 * colspan="2" | Tiana Benjamin
 * colspan="5" | Matthew Lewis
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Evanna Lynch
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Louis Doyle
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Louis Doyle
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="5" | Tom Felton
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Genevieve Gaunt
 * colspan= "2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Afshan Azad
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Sitara Shah
 * colspan="2" | Shefali Chowdhury
 * colspan="2" | Scot Fearn
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Nick Shim
 * colspan="1" | Leilah Sutherland
 * colspan="1" | Rochelle Douglas
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="5" | Alfred Enoch
 * colspan="5" | James Phelps
 * colspan="5" | Oliver Phelps
 * colspan="5" | Bonnie Wright
 * colspan="2" | Sean Biggerstaff
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * David Tennant
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Helena Bonham Carter
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Jason Isaacs
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Jason Isaacs
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Timothy Spall
 * Charles Hughes
 * Ian Hart
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Richard Bremmer
 * Christian Coulson
 * colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Ralph Fiennes
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Sian Thomas
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Jeff Rawle
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Roger Lloyd-Pack
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Richard Leaf
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" | Robert Hardy
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * George Harris
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Natalia Tena
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" | Mark Williams
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" | Chris Rankin
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1" | Chris Rankin
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" | Gary Oldman
 * colspan="1" | Gary Oldman
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Jim McManus
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Kathryn Hunter
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1" | David Thewlis
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1"| David Thewlis
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Brendan Gleeson
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" | Adrian Rawlins
 * Robbie Jarvis
 * colspan="4" | Geraldine Somerville
 * Susie Shinner
 * colspan="3" | Julie Walters
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1" | Julie Walters
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Eric Sykes
 * colspan="3" | Harry Melling
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1" | Harry Melling
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Pam Ferris
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" | Fiona Shaw
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1" | Fiona Shaw
 * colspan="3" | Richard Griffiths
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="1" | Richard Griffiths
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Richard Macklin
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Jason Boyd
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Clémence Poésy
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Predrag Bjelac
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Stanislav Ianevski
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Frances de la Tour
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Edward Tudor-Pole
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Robert Wilfort
 * Verne Troyer
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * John Hurt
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Julie Christie
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Miranda Richardson
 * style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Jason Piper
 * colspan="1" | Ray Fearon
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Tony Maudsley
 * colspan="4" style="background-color:lightgrey;" |
 * Michael Wildman
 * }

title: User:IMeowbot/playground


text:
Kemnath

Kemnath is a small town in the district of Tirschenreuth, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated near the Fichtel Mountains, 24 km southeast of Bayreuth.

History
Kemnath was first referenced in historical documents on 6 July 1008 by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II when he donated Keminata to the Diocese of Bamberg. In 2008, Kemnath celebrated its 1000th anniversary with a series of special events throughout the town culminating in a major celebration in August 2008.

Geography
The town is in the foothills of the Fichtel Mountains of northeast Bavaria and is approximately 55 km from the Czech border at Mähring. It is located in a valley formed by three streams, the Mühlbach, Flötzbach, and Schirnitzbach. The Steinwald Nature Park abuts the edge of the town as well and stretches from Kemnath to the Czech border.

The town's motto is "das Tor zur Oberpfalz," which translates into English as "The Door to the Upper Palatinate."

Economy
The two largest employers in Kemnath are the Ponnath Meat Processing plant and a Siemens Healthineers production facility.

title: Kemnath