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David Rokeby

David Rokeby (born 1960) is a Canadian artist who has been making works of electronic, video and installation art since 1982. He lives with his wife, acclaimed pianist Eve Egoyan, in Toronto, Canada. His early work Very Nervous System (1982–1991) is acknowledged as a pioneering work of interactive art, translating physical gestures into real-time interactive sound environments. Very Nervous System was presented at the Venice Biennale in 1986.

Work
Rokeby's pioneering interactive work Very Nervous System has been evolving since 1982. In Wired Magazine the work is described as "'A combination of technologies, some off-the-shelf, some rare and esoteric, and some cooked up by Rokeby himself. Initially, in 1982, much more of the system was homemade. His circuitry, designed to speed up the response of the sluggish Apple II, was still not fast enough to analyze an image from an ordinary video camera, so he built his own low-res device: a little box with 64 light sensors behind a plastic Fresnel lens. But Very Nervous System has been evolving for 13 years, during which time the world has seen any number of technological revolutions. So Rokeby now has a lot more store-bought components incorporated into the system: it can handle a Mac Quadra and real video cameras, via sophisticated 'Max' software from Paris.'"

A number of Rokeby's works address issues of digital surveillance, including Watch (1995), Guardian Angel (2002) and Sorting Daemon (2003). In addition to his surveillance art, other works engage in a critical examination of the differences between human and artificial intelligence. The Giver of Names (1991) and n-cha(n)t (2001) are artificial subjective entities, provoked by objects or spoken words in their immediate environment to formulate sentences and speak them aloud.

He has exhibited and lectured extensively in the Americas, Europe and Asia. He is the Director of the BMO Lab for Creative Research in the Arts, Performance, Emerging Technologies and AI at the Centre for Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies at the University of Toronto. http://www.bmolab.ca

Major exhibitions
Chengdu Biennale:SUPERFUSION, Chengdu, China (2021)

Human Intelligence, Centre Culturel Canadien, Paris, France (2020)

Realidad Elástica, Laboral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial, Gijòn, Spain (2013)

Panorama 14, Le Fresnoy Studio Nationale des arts contemporains, Tourcoing, France (2012)

See This Sound, Lentos Museum, Linz, Austria (2009)

Synthetic Time, National Art Museum of China, Beijing, China (2008)

e-art, Musée des Beaux Arts de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (2007)

Profiling, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City, U.S.A. (2007)

David Rokeby, Silicon Remembers Carbon (retrospective), FACT, Liverpool, and CCA, Glasgow, U.K. (2007)

Algorithmische Revolution, Zentrum für Künst und Media, Karlesruhe, Germany (2004)

Einbildung, Das Wahrnehmen in der Kunst, Kunsthaus Graz, Graz Austria (2003)

Governor General's Award Winners, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa Canada (2002)

Venice Biennale of Architecture, Venice, Italy (2002)

Ars Electronica, Linz, Austria (2002, 1998 and 1991)

Alien Intelligence, Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art, Helsinki, Finland (2000)

Kwangju Biennale, Kwangju, Korea (1995)

Feuer / Erde / Wasser/ Luft, Mediale, Deichtorhallen, Hamburg, Germany (1993)

Venice Biennale, Venice, Italy (1986)

Awards
For his installation n-cha(n)t, Rokeby was awarded the Prix Ars Electronica (Golden Nica for Interactive Art) in 2002. In 2002 he was awarded a Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts. Very Nervous System was awarded the first Petro-Canada Award for Media Arts in 1988 and Austria's Prix Ars Electronica Award of Distinction for Interactive Art in 1991. Watched and Measured (2000) was awarded the first BAFTA award for interactive art from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2000.

title: David Rokeby


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Christian Island

Christian Island is a large island in Georgian Bay close to the communities of Penetanguishene and Midland, Ontario. The island, with its neighbours Hope Island and Beckwith Island, is a 5428.1 ha Ojibwa reserve, known as Christian Island Indian Reserve No. 30. Together with the 7.5 ha Christian Island Indian Reserve No. 30A located at Cedar Point, Ontario and the 3.1 ha Chippewa Island Indian Reserve located in Twelve Mile Sound, 27.5 km north of Christian Island, it forms the land base for the Beausoleil First Nation. Christian Islands' highest elevation is 209 m above sea level.

To the east of Christian Island is Giants Tomb Island, part of Awenda Provincial Park, and Beausoleil Island, part of UNESCO's Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve (GBBR) and part of the Georgian Bay Islands National Park, consisting of 63 small islands in Georgian Bay, near Port Severn. UNESCO's Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve covers an area of 347,000 ha that stretches 200 km along Georgian Bay's eastern coast from Port Severn to the French River, and is the world's largest freshwater archipelago – known as The Thirty Thousand Islands.

Together with other First Nations in the area, the Beausoleil have filed a land claim for lands situated between Matchedash Bay at Coldwater and the narrows at Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching. While the Chippewa Island reserve is shared among Beausoleil and two other First Nations, the two Christian Island reserves are not.

Background
Christian Island is primarily forest. The bedrock is limestone, and the soil is mainly sand, remnants of Glacial Lake Algonquin. A prehistoric species of grass, known as Forked three-awned grass or unofficially as "Ice Age Grass," has been found on the Island. This is linked to its glacial beginnings. Forked three-awned grass is designated as a species at risk.

Originally, Christian Island was known by its Huron name Gahoendoe. The three islands were, in the 19th century, collectively known as the Christian Islands: Beckwith Island was called Faith Island, while Christian Island, which is the largest of the three, was known as Charity Island.

In 1649, thousands of Huron refugees and a few Jesuit missionaries from Sainte-Marie among the Hurons took refuge during the winter on the island during the Huron-Iroquois wars. The Jesuits called the island St. Joseph Island. With insufficient food, many of the First Nations people starved during the winter. The island's occupation by Huron Catholics and Jesuits was the basis for its name of "Christian" Island. Specifically, it was named in honour of the Canadian Martyrs.

During their brief stay, the Jesuits constructed a small fort including a stone wall, a church, living quarters, a well and a stable. The Huron camp, consisting of over 100 cabins, was also fortified in the case of a potential siege. This collection of structures was termed Sainte-Marie II by archaeologists.

However, despite their attempts to clear the forest and plant crops, famine struck the group as winter descended, which historical evidence suggests, caused an outbreak of cannibalism. This was followed by an attack by the Iroquois in March of 1650. Facing increasingly hostile conditions, the Jesuits and most of the Huron refugees left the island and travelled to Quebec in the summer of 1650. The remaining Huron, along with the surviving remnants of the Petun, an Iroquoian group living at the base of the Niagara Escarpment near present-day Collingwood, left the island in 1651. The Petun had suffered serious losses in Iroquois raids in late 1649 and 1650. Their descendants eventually settled in the Detroit-Windsor area. Some were later forcibly resettled by U.S. authorities in Oklahoma.

Christian Island is inhabited by the Beausoleil First Nation. Their ancestors were nomadic, travelling from northern Georgian Bay and the United States around Lakes Huron and Michigan. The early Canadian government tried to assimilate First Nations peoples into the larger society. They encouraged the Beausoleil to give up their nomadic ways and settle at Coldwater in 1834-1842 as part of the Coldwater Narrows Reserve. Later the Natives were displaced to Beausoleil Island in 1842, and still later, were displaced to Christian Island in 1856, where they have remained.

The First Nation has tried various ways to generate income on the small reserve, including stocking the island with pheasants for hunting, a cattle operation, a charcoal operation, and a commercial fishery. A portion of lands are designated for cottage leasing. Today, many of the residents work on the mainland, and a growing community has sprung up on an annex of property at the Cedar Point landing. Hope and Beckwith islands are uninhabited, but are popular anchorage sites for boaters, who pay a small anchorage fee to the First Nation community.

The First Nation operates an elementary school, a health centre, and a community centre. 24-hour EMS service and a volunteer fire department operate year-round. A ferry service connects the mainland at Cedar Point to Christian Island. A car ferry, the Sandy Graham, travels the strait between the Point and the Island on a regular schedule. Another ferry, the Indian Maiden, carries passengers only. It is capable of breaking ice up to 6" thick. A hovercraft serves the island in case of emergency. At times of severe cold, the people build an ice road between the island and the mainland. As a result of the above average ice cover in February 2014 the ice road was opened.

Christian Island has a lighthouse that marks the southern tip of the island. It was used in the past for ships travelling from Collingwood to Penetanguishene, Midland, and Parry Sound. First lit in 1859, it is among the oldest lighthouses in Georgian Bay and one of the six Imperial Towers.

Notable individuals
Rodney Monague (1942–2013), a survivor of the Canadian Indian residential school system, was the island's first chief after the departure of Indian agents in the 1960s. He served as chief for more than two decades, from the late 1960s until around 1990.

Canadian folk singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot penned a song about Christian Island in 1972 (Christian Island (Georgian Bay) which includes the lyric "In the Lee of Christian Island"), alluding to the popularity of the island as a sailing area.

Shipwrecks
Christian Island is a favorite destination for scuba divers given the close proximity of a number of old shipwrecks (most going back a century or more) near Christian Island, and near the adjacent, uninhabited Hope Island. These include: Mapledawn (North West of Christian Island), steel freighter built in 1890 and sank 1924; Saucy Jim (East of Christian Island), sank 1910; gain vessel Michigan (North West of  Hope Island), sank 1843; schooner Lottie Wolf (North East of Hope Island), sank 1879; and Marquette (East of Hope Island), sank 1867.

Lake Huron (in which Georgian Bay is located) is the final resting place to hundreds of other sunken vessels, many of them of great historic value. These shipwrecks are generally well preserved, owing to the cold, fresh water habitat.

Ferry controversy
On February 13, 2016, Canadian newspapers featured a story about the island's 65-year-old ferry, the M.V. Sandy Graham, which was purchased by the government in 1998. First Nations residents believe the aging ferry, the islands' lifeline, must be replaced in the very near future. "Our people have to cross day-to-day to get access to all the goods and services, as well as hospitals, medical appointments. I, in good conscience, can't continue to sail this ferry knowing that tragedy could happen out on that water," Christian Island Chief Roly Monague said, according to the Canadian Press. The band council had put off regular maintenance of the ferry in an effort to ensure its replacement.

The ferry broke down again mid-summer, 2016, and after a lengthy repair period was brought back into operation in November 2016. It broke down again a few weeks later, leaving residents' cars stranded on the island or mainland. The Island's official website (on November 25, 2016) states that: "Due to a significant engine repair that is required, the M.V. Sandy Graham will be out of service for an indefinite period of time as of today. Updates will be posted as they arise but due to the damage to the engine, it will be a lengthy repair."

As reported by Roger Klein of Barrie's CTV News, Chief Mary McCue-King and Minister Carolyn Bennett held a meeting, brokered by the Beausoleil First Nation Youth Council, in January 2017.

"The current vessel over 60 years old – it's on its last legs. It's going to break down and it's going to be gone for good. We are going to be at a standstill pretty soon if we don't come up with a solution pretty fast," Chief Mary McCue-King said at the meeting.

The new 26-30 car ferry, which will be able to break through the ice, will cost 23 million dollars plus 10 million dollars in upgrades to the dock.

"The community is prepared to partner in order to have a new ferry, and we are obviously prepared to step up and do our part. And we know the province wants to do something as well. So we are going to make this happen," Minister Carolyn Bennett, Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs, commented after the meeting.

The Beausoleil First Nation has committed to contributing 10 million dollars to the project.

Governance
In accordance with Indian Act election regulations, Beausoleil First Nation holds their general elections every two years. The June 23, 2018 election resulted in the following:

Chief: Guy Monague Chief Councillor: Joanne Sandy Councillor: Kristin Monague Councillor: Lauraine Judith Jamieson Councillor: Hank Monague Councillor: Angela Beedie Councillor: C. Susan Copegog

Guy Monague won the general election, defeating former chief Roland Monague by 33 votes. He succeeded Mary McCue-King, who was elected in 2016 but did not seek reelection. McCue-King presently serves as the executive director of the Ogemawahj Tribal Council. The newly elected Chief and Council were sworn in on July 6, 2018.

Since November 2016, Terra Sandy Roy has served as Youth Chief, with Lance Copegog as Deputy Youth Chief.

Election Results June 2021

http://www.chimnissing.ca/council.html

Oath of Office took place on June 1, 2021.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Christian Island


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Talk:Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney

Use of arrows on prison uniform
The broad arrow article on indicates that the arrow logo on government property predates the Earl. Zeimusu | Talk page 16:17, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

yes, but without any kind of reference other than "people of the internet have claimed this". --dab (𒁳) 13:19, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Now clarified. Robinvp11 (talk) 17:10, 13 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney


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Arngrímur Jónsson

Arngrímur Jónsson the Learned (Arngrímur Jónsson hinn lærði; 1568 – 27 June 1648) was an Icelandic scholar and a Christian apologist. His father was Jón Jónsson, who died in 1591. Arngrímur studied in Copenhagen, completing his studies in 1589 and taking up a position back in Iceland as rector of the Latin school at the episcopal seat of Hólar in the same year.

In 1593 he published Brevis commentarius de Islandia, a "Defense of Iceland" in Latin, in which he criticized the works of numerous authors who had written about the people and the country of Iceland. His main target was a poem by Gories Peerse, a merchant who had written an entertaining and somewhat slanderous poem about Icelandic geography and ethnography. Arngrímur also, however, criticized substantial works such as Cosmographia universalis of the German scholar Sebastian Münster.

The Brevis commentarius de Islandia was reprinted in 1598 in Richard Hakluyt's Principal Navigations of the English Nation. This defense of Iceland and subsequent works were important for introducing European scholars to the ancient literature of Iceland and the richness of the manuscripts present there. In the context of the mounting conflicts between Denmark and Sweden, which saw both countries trying to establish historical precedents for their empire-building, it also played a formative role in the development of European nationalism, participating in the ethnographic insult and counterinsult by which European countries came to distinguish themselves in print. Through this and other writings–particularly his most important work, the Crymogæa of 1609–Arngrímur became an influential figure, inspiring leading Danish and Icelandic historians of subsequent generations, most prominently Ole Worm.

In his historical writings Arngrímur had access to texts no longer extant, most importantly a large fragment of Skjöldunga saga which was later lost completely. His works on legendary Danish and Swedish kings are the most important evidence for the contents of the lost saga. He also had in his possession for 40 or so years the Hauksbók manuscript, within which the only complete extant version of the Völuspa and the Hervararsaga ok Heidreks is featured, among a number of others.

He is pictured on the now obsolete Icelandic 10 krónur banknote. See Icelandic króna.

Works

 * Brevis commentarius de Islandia
 * Crymogæa, a history of Iceland in three volumes
 * Supplementum Historiæ Norvegicæ
 * Rerum Danicarum fragmenta
 * Ad Catalogum Regum Sveciæ, a quo danic: historiæ Norvegiæ, compendium incipit, annotanda
 * Anatome Blefkeniana
 * Eintal sálarinnar við sjálfa sig
 * Epistola pro patria defensoria
 * Apotribe virulentæ et atrocis calumniæ
 * Athanasia (in memory of Guðbrandur Þorláksson)
 * Specimen Islandiæ historicum
 * Gronlandia
 * Arngrimi Jonae opera latine conscripta, ed. by Jakob Benediktsson, Bibliotheca Arnamagnaeana, 9-12, 4 vols. (Copenhagen 1950-57)

title: Arngrímur Jónsson


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User talk:Achilles

= Long live freedom and damn the ideologies.   ~ Robinson Jeffers ~ = I am also Achilles at Wikiquote. For archived dialog see : Achilles Archive I

When I first was trying to choose something to place upon this page, I selected this statement because it has long been one of my favorites. I believe that it very well summarizes the attitude of Pragmatism, which permits a broad quest for "what works" and "what works BEST", as opposed to those with various ideological and presumptive agenda, who are not inclined to listen to others with views widely divergent from their own, and in many cases, in both "right" and "left" extremes of the political spectra, are not even willing to permit open disagreement with many of their ideas and goals, if it is within their power to prevent it.

I do not seek to reveal too much about myself personally here. I honestly MUCH prefer remaining anonymous, and something of a mystery to those who seek to pin ideological labels upon others, and not make myself too easy a target for assault by some of those whose very fixed opinions and aims I am inclined to oppose. I do not expect to be very popular with some people who gravitate to some of the extremes on any side of many debates. My preferred position on many issues is what some have referred to as the "radical" center, because so few seek the truly balanced positions that permit a greater amount of sympathy and understanding towards different sides of many disputes. I would like to point out that I am no fan of a particular commercial enterprise that has made the term "Fair and Balanced" seem almost an obscene joke. Due to their own rather strongly biased operations it is a wonder that in many situations people can still employ the words they have abused with a straight face. I am also no fan of the presumptuous foolishness that such abuse will simply go away if is one is abusive enough in one's own reaction to it. Such foolishness allows many repugnant extremes of absurd abuse to become common on all sides. Some here have already accused me of abusing certain words, perhaps because I might sometimes use some in unfamiliar, though very precise and honest ways, but I thus far do not see any clear justification of that "abusive" claim, and it certainly is not my aim. My aims on this page, and any others in which I engage in dialog, is simply to explicate a few facts and ideas such as I believe might relate in significant ways to the functioning and development of this project. I truly hope that the when all is said and done, many will have been amused, entertained, and at least a little further educated on important principles and strategies by my activities here, and less likely to absolutely condemn many of the inclinations of others. This will take time, and I certainly do not expect to be on the winning side of all the battles between ideas that I engage in. I do expect to gradually win respect for my honesty and vigor, even by those who must strongly disagree with me. I am not a "Wikipediholic" so my responses will not always be immediate, and sometimes several days might pass by between my checking of things here. ~ Achilles † 20:29, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Achilles


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National Crime Squad

The National Crime Squad (NCS) was a British police organisation which dealt with national and transnational organised and major crimes. Formed in April 1998 after the amalgamation of six former Regional Crime Squads, it merged with parts of HM Customs & Excise and the National Criminal Intelligence Service on 1 April 2006 to become the Serious Organised Crime Agency. Subsequent to the Police Reform Act 2002, the NCS Service Authority reported directly to the Home Office and had nationwide and international jurisdiction. It did not handle security matters, referring such matters to the appropriate security service.

Areas of focus
The NCS primarily dealt with organised crime, major drug trafficking, contract killing, arms trafficking, human trafficking, computer and high tech crimes, money counterfeiting and laundering, extortion, kidnapping and murder relating to any of the above. Lastly, it augmented and supported regional forces throughout the United Kingdom.

Organisation
The organisation's officers were seconded from police forces from England and Wales, supported by directly recruited specialist civilian and police staff members. It was headed by a director-general and had its own service authority. The first director-general was Roy Penrose, OBE QPM, and upon his retirement in 2001, William Hughes, CBE QPM became the director-general before moving on to establish the Serious Organised Crime Agency as its founding director-general. Trevor Pearce CBE QPM previously deputy director-general took over as the third director-general before becoming an executive director and later director-general of the Serious Organised Crime Agency.

The NCS headquarters was at Pimlico in London, with three Regional Operational Command Units: Northern, Eastern, and Western with an extensive residential property estate plus other premises. Other units were the Financial OCU, the Paedophilia Unit, the National Hi-Tech Crime Unit, and the Immigration Crime Team. The NCS consisted of 1,656 full-time personnel, including 5 Directors, 1,169 seconded police officers, and 280 civilian police staff.

Appearances in fiction
The NCS was fictionalised in the television series NCS: Manhunt, and in Burnside, a spin-off of The Bill.

title: National Crime Squad


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Capuchin monkey

The capuchin monkeys are New World monkeys of the subfamily Cebinae. They are readily identified as the "organ grinder" monkey, and have been used in many movies and television shows. The range of capuchin monkeys includes some tropical forests in Central America and South America as far south as northern Argentina. In Central America, where they are called white-faced monkeys ("carablanca"), they usually occupy the wet lowland forests on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and Panama and deciduous dry forest on the Pacific coast.

Etymology
The word "capuchin" derives from the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, who wear brown robes with large hoods. When Portuguese explorers reached the Americas in the 15th century, they found small monkeys whose coloring resembled these friars, especially when in their robes with hoods down, and named them capuchins. When the scientists described a specimen (thought to be a golden-bellied capuchin) they noted that: "his muzzle of a tanned color, ... with the lighter color around his eyes that melts into the white at the front, his cheeks ..., give him the looks that involuntarily reminds us of the appearance that historically in our country represents ignorance, laziness, and sensuality." The scientific name of the genus, Cebus comes from the Greek word kêbos, meaning a long-tailed monkey.

Classification
The species-level taxonomy of this subfamily remains highly controversial, and alternative treatments than the one listed below have been suggested.

In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro et al. proposed that the robust capuchins (formerly the C. apella group) be placed in a separate genus, Sapajus, from the gracile capuchins (formerly the C. capucinus group) which retain the genus Cebus. Other primatologists, such as Paul Garber, have begun using this classification.

According to genetic studies led by Lynch Alfaro in 2011, the gracile and robust capuchins diverged approximately 6.2 million years ago. Lynch Alfaro suspects that the divergence was triggered by the creation of the Amazon River, which separated the monkeys in the Amazon north of the Amazon River, who then evolved into the gracile capuchins. Those in the Atlantic Forest south of the river evolved into the robust capuchins. Gracile capuchins have longer limbs relative to their body size than robust capuchins, and have rounder skulls, whereas robust capuchins have jaws better adapted for opening hard nuts. Robust capuchins have crests and the males have beards.

 * Genus Cebus
 * Colombian white-faced capuchin or Colombian white-headed capuchin, Cebus capucinus
 * Panamanian white-faced capuchin or Panamanian white-headed capuchin, Cebus imitator
 * Marañón white-fronted capuchin, Cebus yuracus
 * Shock-headed capuchin, Cebus cuscinus
 * Spix's white-fronted capuchin, Cebus unicolor
 * Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin, Cebus albifrons
 * Guianan weeper capuchin, Cebus olivaceus
 * Chestnut weeper capuchin, Cebus castaneus
 * Ka'apor capuchin, Cebus kaapori
 * Venezuelan brown capuchin, Cebus brunneus
 * Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin, Cebus leucocephalus
 * Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin, Cebus cesare
 * Varied white-fronted capuchin, Cebus versicolor
 * Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin, Cebus malitiosus
 * Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin, Cebus aequatorialis

 * Genus Sapajus
 * Black-capped, brown or tufted capuchin, Sapajus apella
 * Guiana brown capuchin, Sapajus apella apella
 * Sapajus apella fatuellus
 * Large-headed capuchin, Sapajus apella macrocephalus
 * Margarita Island capuchin, Sapajus apella margaritae
 * Sapajus apella peruanus
 * Sapajus apella tocantinus
 * Blond capuchin, Sapajus flavius*
 * Black-striped capuchin, Sapajus libidinosus
 * Sapajus libidinosus juruanus
 * Sapajus libidinosus libidinosus
 * Sapajus libidinosus pallidus
 * Sapajus libidinosus paraguayanus
 * Azaras's capuchin, Sapajus cay
 * Black capuchin, Sapajus nigritus
 * Sapajus nigritus cucullatus
 * Sapajus nigritus nigritus
 * Crested capuchin or robust tufted capuchin, Sapajus robustus
 * Golden-bellied capuchin, Sapajus xanthosternos

* Rediscovered species.

The oldest known crown platyrrhine and member of Cebidae, Panamacebus transitus, is estimated to have lived 21 million years ago. It is the earliest known fossil evidence of a mammal travelling between South and North America.

Physical characteristics
Capuchins are black, brown, buff or whitish, but their exact color and pattern depends on the species involved. Capuchin monkeys are usually dark brown with a cream/off-white coloring around their necks. They reach a length of 30 to 56 cm, with tails that are just as long as the body. On average, they weigh from 1.4 to 4 kg (3 to 9 pounds) and live up to 25 years old in their natural habitats, and up to 35 in captivity.

Habitat and distribution
Capuchins prefer environments that give them access to shelter and easy food, such as low-lying forests, mountain forests, and rain forests. They are particularly abundant in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Paraguay, and Peru. They use these areas for shelter at night and food access during the day. The canopy of the trees allows for protection from threats above, and the capuchin monkeys' innate ability to climb trees with ease allows them to escape and hide from predators on the jungle floor. This environment is mutually beneficial for the capuchins and for the ecosystem in which they inhabit. This is because they spread their seed leftovers and fecal matter across the forest floor which helps new plants to grow, therefore adding to the already abundant foliage that shelters the capuchin.

Behavior
Like most New World monkeys, capuchins are diurnal and arboreal. Capuchins are polygamous, and the females mate throughout the year, but only go through a gestation period once every 2 years between December and April. Females bear young every two years following a 160- to 180-day gestation. The young cling to their mother's chest until they are larger, then they move to her back. Adult male capuchin rarely take part in caring for the young. Juveniles become fully mature within four years for females and eight years for males. In captivity, individuals have reached an age of 50 years, although natural life expectancy is only 15 to 25 years. Capuchins live in groups of 6–40 members, consisting of related females, their offspring, and several males.

Diet
The capuchin monkey feeds on a vast range of food types, and is more varied than other monkeys in the family Cebidae. They are omnivores, and consume a variety of plant parts such as leaves, flower and fruit, seeds, pith, woody tissue, sugarcane, bulb, and exudates, as well as arthropods, molluscs, a variety of vertebrates, and even primates. Recent findings of old stone tools in Capuchin habitats have suggested that recently the Capuchins have switched from small nuts, such as cashews, to larger and harder nuts. Capuchins have also been observed to be particularly good at catching frogs. They are characterized as innovative and extreme foragers because of their ability to acquire sustenance from a wide collection of unlikely food, which may assure their survival in habitats with extreme food limitation. Capuchins living near water will also eat crabs and shellfish by cracking their shells with stones.

Social structure
Capuchin monkeys often live in large groups of 10 to 35 individuals within the forest, although they can easily adapt to places colonized by humans. The Capuchins have discrete hierarchies that are distinguished by age and sex. Usually, a single male will dominate the group, and he will have primary rights to mate with the females of the group. However, the white-headed capuchin groups are led by both an alpha male and an alpha female. Each group will cover a large territory, since members must search for the best areas to feed. These primates are territorial animals, distinctly marking a central area of their territory with urine and defending it against intruders, though outer areas may overlap. The stabilization of group dynamics is served through mutual grooming, and communication occurs between the monkeys through various calls. Their vocal communications have various meanings such as creating contact with one another, warning about a predator, and forming new groups. The social experience of the capuchins directly influences the development of attention in society. They create new social behaviors within multiple groups that signify different types of interactions. These include; tests of friendship, displays against enemies, infant and sexual intimacy. This creates social rituals that are designed to test the strength of social bonds and a reliance on social learning.

Mating
Capuchin females often direct most of their proceptive and mating behavior towards the alpha male. However, when the female reaches the end of her proceptive period, she may sometimes mate with up to six different subordinate males in one day. Strictly targeting the alpha male does not happen every time, as some females have been observed to mate with three to four different males. When an alpha female and a lower-ranking female want to mate with an alpha male, the more dominant female will get rights to the male over the lower-ranking one.

Intelligence

The capuchin is considered to be the most intelligent New World monkey and is often used in laboratories. The tufted monkey is especially noted for its long-term tool usage, one of the few examples of primate tool use other than by apes and humans. Upon seeing macaws eating palm nuts, cracking them open with their beaks, this monkey will select a few of the ripest fruits, nip off the tip of the fruit and drink down the juice, then seemingly discard the rest of the fruit with the nut inside. When these discarded fruits have hardened and become slightly brittle, the capuchin will gather them up again and take them to a large flat boulder where they have previously gathered a few river stones from up to a mile away. They will then use these stones, some of them weighing as much as the monkeys, to crack open the fruit to get to the nut inside. Young capuchins will watch this process to learn from the older, more experienced adults but it takes them 8 years to master this. The learning behavior of capuchins has been demonstrated to be directly linked to a reward rather than curiosity.

In 2005, experiments were conducted on the ability of capuchins to use money. After several months of training, the monkeys began exhibiting behaviors considered to reflect an understanding of the concept of a medium of exchange that were previously believed to be restricted to humans (such as responding rationally to price shocks). They showed the same propensity to avoid perceived losses demonstrated by human subjects and investors.

During the mosquito season, they crush millipedes and rub the result on their backs. This acts as a natural insect repellent.

Self-awareness
When presented with a reflection, capuchin monkeys react in a way that indicates an intermediate state between seeing the mirror as another individual and recognizing the image as self.

Most animals react to seeing their reflections as if encountering another individual they do not recognize. An experiment with capuchins shows that they react to a reflection as a strange phenomenon, but not as if seeing a strange capuchin.

In the experiment, capuchins were presented with three different scenarios:
 * 1) Seeing an unfamiliar, same-sex monkey on the other side of a clear barrier.
 * 2) Seeing a familiar, same-sex monkey on the other side of a clear barrier.
 * 3) A mirror showing a reflection of the monkey.

In scenario 1, females appeared anxious and avoided eye-contact, while males made threatening gestures. In scenario 2, there was little reaction by either males or females.

When presented with a reflection, females gazed into their own eyes and made friendly gestures, such as lip-smacking and swaying. Males made more eye contact than with strangers or familiar monkeys but reacted with signs of confusion or distress, such as squealing, curling up on the floor, or trying to escape from the test room.

Theory of mind
The question of whether capuchin monkeys have a theory of mind—whether they can understand what another creature may know or think—has been neither proven nor disproven conclusively. If confronted with a knower-guesser scenario, where one trainer can be observed to know the location of food and another trainer merely guesses the location of food, capuchin monkeys can learn to rely on the knower. This has, however, been repudiated as conclusive evidence for a theory of mind as the monkeys may have learned to discriminate knower and guess by other means. Until recently it was believed that non-human great apes did not possess a theory of mind either, although recent research indicates this may not be correct. Human children commonly develop a theory of mind around the ages 3 and 4.

Threats
Capuchin monkeys are clever and easy to train. As a result, they are used to help people who are quadriplegics in many developed countries. They have also become popular pets and attractions for street entertainment, and are hunted for meat by local people. Since they have a high reproductive rate and can easily adapt to their living environment, loss of the forest does not negatively impact the capuchin monkey populations as much as other species, although habitat fragmentation is still a threat. Natural predators include jaguars, cougars, jaguarundis, coyotes, tayras, snakes, crocodiles and birds of prey. The main predator of the tufted capuchin is the harpy eagle, which has been seen bringing several capuchin back to its nest.

Relationship with humans
Easily recognized as the "organ grinder" or "greyhound jockey" monkeys, capuchins are sometimes kept as exotic pets. Sometimes they plunder fields and crops and are seen as troublesome by nearby human populations. In some regions, they have become rare due to the destruction of their habitat.

Capuchins have been used as service animals, and were once referred to as "nature's butlers" by the AARP. Helping Hands, a nonprofit organization, trained capuchin monkeys to assist quadriplegics as monkey helpers in a manner similar to mobility assistance dogs.

In 2010, the U.S. federal government revised its definition of service animal under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Non-human primates are no longer recognized as service animals under the ADA. The American Veterinary Medical Association does not support the use of nonhuman primates as assistance animals because of animal welfare concerns, the potential for serious injury to people, and risks that primates may transfer dangerous diseases to humans. In 2021, Helping Hands (the organization that provided helper monkeys to disabled persons) rebranded, changing its name to Envisioning Access and replaced the use of monkeys with a focus on new assistive technologies.

Capuchin monkeys are the most common featured monkeys in film and television, with notable examples including: Night at the Museum (and its sequels), Outbreak, Monkey Shines, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (and its sequels), Zookeeper, George of the Jungle, and The Hangover Part II. Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) on the NBC sitcom Friends had a capuchin monkey named Marcel. Crystal the Monkey is a famous monkey actress.

title: Capuchin monkey


text:
Jakob Ulvsson

Jakob Ulvsson (1430s – spring of 1521) was Archbishop of Uppsala, Primate of the Roman Catholic Church of Sweden 1469–1515 and the founder of Uppsala University in 1477.

Biography
Jakob Ulvsson came from a noble family background. He was born at Hacksta gård at  Trögds härad in Uppland. He studied at the universities in Rostock (Bachelor of Arts in 1458/1459)  and Paris (magister 1460).

He spent the years 1465–1470 in Rome and was meanwhile appointed Canon of Uppsala in 1465 and Archdeacon of Växjö in 1468. Despite King Karl Knutsson wanting to make one of his own relatives Archbishop of Uppsala, Jakob Ulvsson was appointed archbishop by the pope in 1469 and ordained in Rome in 1470, after which he returned to Uppsala.

In the conflicts between the Danish king Christian I of Denmark and the Swedish regent Sten Sture, Jakob took a mediating position, trying as far as possible to avoid open warfare, especially in Uppland. After Sten Sture's victory in the Battle at Brunkeberg in 1471, the situation stabilized and he participated in the work of the privy council.

He is usually regarded is the main initiator of the university in Uppsala, which was founded after having received papal approval in the form of a bull of Pope Sixtus IV dated 27 February 1477. Jakob Ulvsson was appointed first chancellor of the university. He resigned from the archbishopric in 1515. He was Archbishop Emeritus of Uppsala until his death at Mariefred Charterhouse in 1521.

Other sources

 * Gunnar Olsson, "Jakob Ulvsson", Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Vol. 20, pp. 97–103.

title: Jakob Ulvsson


text:
Category:Vermont state case law

This category contains articles regarding case law decided by the courts of Vermont.

title: Category:Vermont state case law


text:
Ernie Terrell

Ernest Terrell (April 4, 1939 – December 16, 2014) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1957 to 1973. He held the World Boxing Association's heavyweight title from 1965 to 1967, and was one of the tallest heavyweights of his era, at 6 ft tall. He unsuccessfully fought the other world heavyweight champion of the era, Muhammad Ali, in a heavyweight title unification contest in 1967, losing by a  unanimous decision. Terrell was the elder brother of the Supremes' early 1970s lead singer Jean Terrell. In the 1960s, Jean sang with Ernie's group Ernie Terrell & the Heavyweights.

Early life
Terrell was born on 4 April 1939 in Inverness, Mississippi, and spent his early childhood in Belzoni. He was born into a family of ten children, whose father was a Mississippi sharecropper who during Terrell's childhood moved the family north to Chicago when he found employment in the factories there. Terrell received his formal education at Farragut School in Chicago. Before turning professional, he won the Chicago Golden Gloves in his youth as a light heavyweight, and he also formed a pop music singing act called "The Heavyweights" with three of his siblings.

Professional career
In his early career, Terrell defeated some good contenders, including Cleveland Williams (Terrell won a rematch with Williams by decision after losing their first fight by knockout), Zora Folley, and future light heavyweight champion Bob Foster.

When the World Boxing Association stripped Muhammad Ali of his title after his agreement to fight a rematch with Sonny Liston, the WBA matched Terrell and Eddie Machen for the vacant crown. Terrell defeated Machen to win the belt on March 5, 1965. During his reign as WBA champion, he defended the title twice, beating Doug Jones and George Chuvalo. Most in the boxing world continued to recognize Ali as the legitimate champion, for he had not lost his championship in a boxing match. The WBA's rival, the World Boxing Council, also continued to recognize Ali as champion. On March 29, 1966, Ali and Terrell were scheduled to fight, but Terrell backed out (Ali won a 15-round decision against substitute opponent George Chuvalo).

On February 6, 1967, Ali and Terrell finally met to end the debate about who was the legitimate heavyweight champion. Before the bout, Terrell repeatedly called Ali by his birth name. He said later that he had known "Clay" for years in the amateurs and hadn't gotten used to calling him another name. Publicly, Ali took offense to this, and vowed he would punish Terrell. In a 1979 interview, he said, "They billed the fight on that little grudge thing, and I wasn't really angry - I didn't care what he called me - but this was a good chance to promote my new image."

Ali further stoked the prefight ill-will by labeling Terrell "an Uncle Tom nigger who is going to get his ass whupped". Ali won by unanimous decision, reclaiming the undisputed championship. The Daily Telegraph wrote that the resulting fight was "the nastiest display of Ali's celebrated ring career", describing how he seized Terrell in a headlock and dragged Terrell's eye along the top rope, and declared, "The fight will be remembered for Ali's constant taunts of 'what's my name?' to an opponent he was apparently content not merely to defeat, but also to belittle and humiliate." The match is recounted in the film Ali.

Terrell lost an upset 12-round decision to Thad Spencer later in 1967 in the WBA heavyweight tournament that was organized after Ali was stripped of his title in April 1967. He left the sport for three years following the loss, but returned in 1970, winning seven consecutive fights before losing to Chuck Wepner by decision. The Wepner decision was highly controversial; most who saw the fight thought Terrell had won. After losing to Jeff Merritt in his next fight by a 1st-round technical knockout, Terrell retired.

In 55 professional fights, Terrell earned a record of 46 wins (21 by knockout), nine losses and no draws.

Later life
After retiring from boxing he began a career as a record producer in Chicago.

He ran unsuccessfully for alderman of Chicago's 34th ward in 1987, finishing second in the primary although lost to Lemuel Austin in a runoff.

Death
Terrell died at the age of 75 on December 16, 2014, in a hospital at Evergreen Park, Illinois, having been afflicted in his final years with dementia.

He was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery, Chicago.

Personal life
Terrell married Maxine Sibley in 1974; the couple raised two children.

title: Ernie Terrell


text:
User talk:Thirstysky

I saw the Obituary for Edward 'Teddy' Ebersol found in NBC Sports under other Sports printed on their internet site of December 2, 2004 Updated: 5;47 p.m. ET. This article does show that He was an acceptional person for his age. His name, along with the Opituary article, should be reinstated to be an inspiration to all young people who review Wikipedia. We need to encourage young people to use Wikipedia to read and be encouraged by truth and not just opinions.

James B Braden, Grand Junction, Co.

"Obituary: Edward 'Teddy' Ebersol

NBC Sports chairman's 14-year-old son killed in private jet crash

Ebersol family Edward "Teddy" Ebersol was 14 years old. By The Ebersol family Updated: 1:34 a.m. ET Dec. 3, 2004Teddy Ebersol died Sunday, November 28, in the crash of a private plane near Telluride, Colorado. He was 14 years old. Christened Edward Bright Ebersol, but known as “Teddy” to family and friends, he was born on June 10, 1990, in Torrington, Connecticut. Through eighth grade, he was a student at Washington Montessori School in Washington, Connecticut. This fall, he entered the freshman class at The Gunnery, a boarding school also in Washington, near the Ebersol family’s hometown of Litchfield.

Teddy was a deeply cherished son to Susan and Dick; and youngest brother to his sister, Sunshine, and to his brothers Harmony, Charlie, and Willie. In an autobiography he penned as an eighth-grade writing assignment, Teddy wrote:

“The meaning of love can be described in one word: family. The family I have holds tight to old bonds and extends a firm grip on new ones. My family on the highway to love is neck and neck with God. All the fancy talk I used to describe my family cannot measure them. Each family member takes this love to a new extreme. . . and turns it into something that no one can describe. . . . That rope of love never slackens.”

Teddy was a warm, loving, and energetic young man with a self-knowledge beyond his years and a wonderfully quirky sense of humor that led him to say things that could be interpreted as silly and profound at once. While speaking at his eighth-grade graduation ceremony, he said: “A quote that I made up a little while ago seems to make sense to me now as I reflect on the years behind me and the years ahead: ‘I follow, therefore I lead.’”

He loved politics, and enjoyed engaging grownups in lively political discussions. While at the Daytona 500 earlier this year, he took great delight in debating the entire conservative-leaning pit crew of driver Kyle Petty. Bill Rollnick, a family friend who was there with the Ebersols, said: “Teddy explained to them why they were wrong politically, arguing from knowledge. He argued them to their knees. I’m a Democrat and next to Teddy I felt like Jerry Falwell. He was very opinionated, but he was never unkind. At 13 years old, he knew so much. I yearned for the day I could have won an argument with him.”

Although wise beyond his years, Teddy had a charming innocence. A fan of the television show SpongeBob SquarePants, his favorite character wasn’t SpongeBob himself but rather Patrick, the intensely loyal, exuberant sidekick. He enjoyed as well video games (Halo 2 was a recent highlight), music, and the Harry Potter and Lemony Snicket books. Teddy often memorized favorite movie lines and entertained his friends and family by quoting dialogue. He loved karaoke, and had a sweet and strong singing voice. He especially enjoyed his many summer sessions at Timberlake at the Farm and Wilderness Camp in Vermont. Teddy was also a prize-winning poet, having won a medal last year at a national poetry convention for a poem he wrote—a humorous poem, naturally.

Jennifer Graylock / AP / file Edward 'Teddy' Ebersol

Teddy served as an altar boy at St. Anthony of Padua Church in Litchfield, and also volunteered at the Litchfield County Association for Retarded Citizens in Torrington. LARC staff member Elaine Tedesco said that Teddy would sit down with the clients “like they had grown up together. He acted like he was their best friend, like he knew them forever.” Teddy also encouraged his classmates to volunteer at LARC.

Teddy’s work with LARC was inspired by a trip with his mother to visit schools in China that were preparing for the International Special Olympics in Shanghai in 2007. This past summer their adventure together was a cross-country road trip, catching baseball games along the way. Teddy and his mom often said they were “best friends in the whole wide world.”

One of Teddy’s other best friends, Doug Sloam, said that “Teddy was always happy and optimistic and really fun to be around. He had so much energy and was always talking. He was also generous. I used to forget my lunch sometimes and Teddy always gave me a snack or two. In sixth grade, Teddy gave me one of the best birthday presents ever when he took me to a Red Sox-Yankees game at Fenway Park. And that day, for my sake, he rooted for the Yankees. I will never, ever forget him.”

A mutual love for sports gave Teddy a strong connection to his father. Everyone who knew him could see that his No. 1 passion was the Boston Red Sox, although his family was split in their allegiances. Teddy’s sister, mother, and 89-year-old grandmother align with the Sox, but his dad and brothers are dyed-in-the-wool Yankees fans. Teddy’s enthusiasm for the Red Sox this season was so infectious that even Dick Ebersol found himself rooting for Boston during the World Series. Like his beloved team, Teddy never lost hope.

In his eighth-grade graduation speech, Teddy said: “The finish line is only the beginning of a whole new race.” Teddy Ebersol’s life on this earth has reached the finish line, all too soon. His wonderful spirit will live on in his family, and in all who knew and loved him. Teddy is survived by his parents, Dick Ebersol and Susan Saint James; a sister, Sunshine; brothers Harmony, Charlie, and Willie; and his grandmother Constance Miller.

Donations in Teddy’s memory may be sent to the Litchfield County Association for Retarded Citizens at the following address:

LARC Capital Campaign In Memory of Teddy Ebersol 84R Main Street Torrington, CT 06790

Federal Tax ID 06-6075006

Phone: (860) 482-9364

Information regarding a memorial service will be released next week. Individuals who wish to send their condolences to the Ebersol family are encouraged to use this email address: ebersolfamily@nbcuni.com.

Thank you for considering reinstating Edward 'Teddy' Ebersol in Wikipedia''
 * If you feel Teddy Ebersol deserves a Wikipedia entry, then I suggest you create one, perhaps by clicking on this link: Teddy Ebersol and pasting your text into it. You should spell-check your text in advance, and add links to other Wikipedia articles within it as appropriate. It is not appropriate to place your text into the November 2004 article which is a listing of news items for that month.
 * I should warn you that your text may be edited by other users of Wikipedia, and it may be rejected entirely if other users consider it not encylopedic, but you will get a fair discussion if you add it as an article under an appropriate title.-gadfium 07:32, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thirstysky


text: Category:Vermont law

title: Category:Vermont law


text: Category:Television stations in Vermont

title: Category:Television stations in Vermont


text: User talk:62.139.216.120

title: User talk:62.139.216.120


text: Category:Government of Vermont

title: Category:Government of Vermont


text:
Talk:Capuchin monkey

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 August 2019 and 6 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Klokits27.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 16:44, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Possible unintentional NPOV
Animal:rights activists 'claim' they aren't suitable as domestic pets? Actually, most Western governments, animal welfare agencies and people equipped with common sense claim the same. This sentence came across as a derisory snort to the 'extreme' idea that monkeys aren't suitable as house pets. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 146.87.193.90 (talk • contribs).

I'm not sure, they may make suitable house pets if they are trained. There are many people who own them actually, they say it's like raising a child, or so I've read. I don't think this helps much, though, sorry. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Having worked with them, they could be raised as pets, but to do so would be a real shame. They are VERY social animals, and to be raised without other monkeys would not be good for them. I´m working with about 40 just now, and 1 has been trained to steal stuff. It can tell the difference between big money notes, and small money notes/coins. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.87.191.2 (talk) 19:41, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

Jack the monkey
Is it worth noting in the article that Jack the monkey from the Pirates of the Caribbean movies is a capuchin? Tredanse 03:58, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Perhaps not that specific, but something mentioning their common use in films and television. However, this is already done in the appropriate species articles. - UtherSRG (talk) 12:06, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

It is also worth mentioning that in the first season of the TV show, Friends, Marcel Geller was played by female Capuchin monkeys, "Katie" (b. 1993) and "Monkey" (b. 1988). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.148.18.46 (talk • contribs)
 * No, that isn't worth mentioning. - UtherSRG (talk) 05:31, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

The order of subspecies in the taxobox
I rearranged the order of subspecies in the taxobox. This is beacuse, when you arrange southern subscipes in a lower line, I think you should insert Cebus queirozi between Cebus apella and Cebus libidinosus. Shaxshan 12:51, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

Reference for "Helping hands"
The section on "helping hands" should have a citation or reference, possibly a link to the organizations page (which appears to be http://www.helpinghandsmonkeys.org). A very brief assessment of the success (if any) of the program could be added. 81.229.151.101 09:31, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Intelligence
There is a statement in the opening that "They are considered the most intelligent New World monkeys." I think this is the general perception, and may well be true. But in light of the study last year (referenced in this article ) putting spider monkeys above them in intelligence, I am thinking that the unsourced quoted comment ought to be removed. Rlendog (talk) 19:39, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

Insect Repellent
The article states that "During the mosquito season, they crush up millipedes and rub the remains on their backs. This acts as a natural insect repellent." What is the source of this. Life of Mammals shows White-Faced Capuchins crushing the leaves of a certain plant to use as insect repellant, but I am not sure about millipede use for this purpose. Rlendog (talk) 03:10, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually I found a source for the millipedes (Wainwright's Mammals of Costa Rica), so that should be okay, although it notes that it is uncertain whether the millipedes are rubbed on as insect repellent or for some other purpose (e.g., fungicide). The source does also note the use of leaves for this apparent purpose. Rlendog (talk) 22:06, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
 * The following is a good reference on capuchin self-anointing behavior. --Shaxshan (talk) 12:30, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Capuchin monkey
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Capuchin monkey's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "costa": From Central American Squirrel Monkey:  From White-headed Capuchin:

Reference named "field": From White-headed Capuchin:  From Central American Squirrel Monkey:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 23:19, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The refs from White-headed Capuchin are the ones relevant to this article. Rlendog (talk) 02:03, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Division between the genera Cebus and Sapajus
Formerly genus Cebus is being divided into two genera Cebus and Sapajus. This division appeared in Izar, et al. (2011) (doi:10.1002/ajp.20968) and Garber, et al. (2011) (10.1002/ajp.20957) both in ''Am. J. Primatol.'' The literature involved capuchin specialists and New World primate specialists, respectively, so the distinction seems to become prevalent soon. --Shaxshan (talk) 03:38, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Cebus (gracile/non-tufted capuchins): Cebus capucinus, C. albifrons, C. olivaceus, C. kaapori.
 * Sapajus (robust/tufted capuchuchins): Sapajus apella, S. macrocephalus, S. libidinosus, S. cay, S. flavius, S. nigritus, S. robustus, S. xanthosternos.

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Fossil NWM reorganization
Please see the discussion at Talk:List_of_fossil_primates_of_South_America. Thanks! - UtherSRG (talk) 20:22, 12 September 2022 (UTC)

Organ grinder???
Why is the first thing said about this South American monkey a reference to an obscure type of victorian street performer? I don't think that's relevant at all and it comes off as really bizarre to the uninitiated, like some sort of bad horror movie starring capuchins or something. I bet like 95% of people have never heard of an "organ grinder monkey" 198.150.196.185 (talk) 23:36, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Yes seems pretty obscure I did not even know what an organ grinder was I assumed it was someone who made sausage mince from livers and hearts etc.
 * Speaking of horror movies though one of the best examples of a capuchin monkey in a movie is Monkey Shines where Ela a capuchin monkey is central to story. I don't think such a cute little monkey would ever hurt anyone and the deaths it caused were all just unlucky coincidences. Think I will add the movie to the list at the end. StephenHumble (talk) 02:57, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Capuchin monkey


text:
Cimitero Monumentale di Milano

The Cimitero Monumentale ("Monumental Cemetery") is one of the two largest cemeteries in Milan, Italy, the other one being the Cimitero Maggiore. It is noted for the abundance of artistic tombs and monuments.

Designed by the architect Carlo Maciachini (1818–1899), it was planned to consolidate a number of small cemeteries that used to be scattered around the city into a single location.

Officially opened in 1866, it has since then been filled with a wide range of contemporary and classical Italian sculptures as well as Greek temples, elaborate obelisks, and other original works such as a scaled-down version of the Trajan's Column. Many of the tombs belong to noted industrialist dynasties, and were designed by artists such as Adolfo Wildt, Giò Ponti, Arturo Martini, Agenore Fabbri, Lucio Fontana, Medardo Rosso, Giacomo Manzù, Floriano Bodini, and Giò Pomodoro.

The main entrance is through the large Famedio, a massive Hall of Fame-like Neo-Medieval style building made of marble and stone that contains the tombs of some of the city's and the country's most honored citizens, including that of novelist Alessandro Manzoni.

The Civico Mausoleo Palanti designed by the architect Mario Palanti is a tomb built for meritorious "Milanesi", or citizens of Milan. The memorial of about 800 Milanese killed in Nazi concentration camps is located in the center and is the work of the group BBPR, formed by leading exponents of Italian rationalist architecture that included Gianluigi Banfi.

The cemetery has a special section for those who do not belong to the Catholic religion and a Jewish section.

Near the entrance there is a permanent exhibition of prints, photographs, and maps outlining the cemetery's historical development. It includes two battery-operated electric hearses built in the 1920s.

The Jewish Section
The section, designed by Carlo Maciachini, opened in 1872 to replace the cemeteries of Porta Tenaglia, Porta Magenta, and Porta Vercellina. It lies east of the Catholic cemetery and has a separate entrance. The area is the result of a 1913 expansion to the southern and east. The central building was originally the entrance to the cemetery.

Tomb numbering is repeated because the cemetery is divided into six fields and an addition in the eastern side. There are also three common fields, including one for children, where burials date from 1873 to 1894, with small gravestones on the ground bearing the names and dates of death.

The monuments, built from 1866 onward, are located along the walkways. There are also family shrines, two of which were designed by Maciachini, columbaria, and ossuaries along the northern and western cemetery walls and burials in the central building. There are 1778 burials, some in memory of people killed by in Nazi concentration camps or in the Lake Maggiore massacres, including at Meina.

There are many monuments of artistic value built by important architects and sculptors, described in the guide book by Giovanna Ginex and Ornella Selvafolta.

The following architects have worked in the Jewish section: Carlo Maciachini (Davide Leonino and Pisa shrines), Giovanni Battista Bossi (Anselmo de Benedetti tomb), Ercole Balossi Merlo (Leon David Levi shrine), Luigi Conconi (Segre shrine), Giovanni Ceruti (Vitali shrine), Carlo Meroni (Taranto tomb), Cesare Mazzocchi (Giulio Foligno shrine), Manfredo d'Urbino (Jarach shrine, Mayer tomb, Besso tomb, Monument to the Jewish Martyrs of Nazism), Gigiotti Zanini (Zanini tomb), Adolfo Valabrega (Moisé Foligno shrine), Luigi Perrone (Goldfinger shrine). Sculptors whose work is found here include: Mario Quadrelli (Pisa shrine), Giuseppe Daniele Benzoni (Ottolenghi Finzi tomb), Luigi Vimercati (Estella Jung tomb), Agostino Caravati (Alessandro Forti tomb), Rizzardo Galli (Vittorio Finzi tomb), Enrico Cassi (De Daninos tomb), Attilio Prendoni (Errera and Conforti tomb), Eduardo Ximenes (Treves shrine), Giulio Branca (Giovanni Norsa tomb, Michelangelo Carpi tomb), fratelli Bonfanti (Davide and Beniamino Foà tomb), Enrico Astorri (Carolina Padova and Fanny Levi Cammeo tomb), Egidio Boninsegna (Giuseppe Levi tomb), Dario Viterbo (Levi Minzi columbarium), Giannino Castiglioni (Ettore Levis and Goldfinger tombs), Adolfo Wildt (Cesare Sarfatti tomb), Eugenio Pellini (Bettino Levi tomb), Arrigo Minerbi (Renato del Mar tomb), Roberto Terracini (Nino Colombo tomb).

The central building was enhanced in May 2015 with artistic windows that represent the Twelve Tribes of Israel by the artist Diego Pennacchio Ardemagni.

Crematorium
The cemetery contains the Crematorium Temple, which was the first crematorium to open in the Western world. The crematorium opened in 1876 and was operational until 1992. The building is also a columbarium. As with other early crematoria in Italy, it was built in Greek Revival architecture.

Famous graves
Signals located throughout the cemetery point visitors to several of the most remarkable tombs and monuments. Some of the persons interred in the cemetery include:
 * Alberto Ascari (1918–1955), Formula One champion driver
 * Antonio Ascari (1888–1925), Grand Prix champion driver
 * Gae Aulenti (1927–2012), architect
 * Lelio Basso (1903–1978), politician
 * Ernesto Bazzaro (1859–1937), sculptor
 * Luca Beltrami (1854–1933), architect
 * Antonio Bernocchi (1859–1939), industrialist
 * Agostino Bertani (1812–1886), revolutionary, physician
 * Arrigo Boito (1842–1918), composer, librettist
 * Camillo Boito (1836–1914), architect
 * Gino Bramieri (1928–1996), comedian and actor
 * Gaspare Campari (1828–1882), drink maker
 * Candido Cannavò (1930–2009), journalist
 * Gianroberto Casaleggio (1954–2016), entrepreneur, political activist
 * Carlo Cattaneo (1801–1869), philosopher, patriot
 * Camilla Cederna (1911–1997), editor, writer
 * Walter Chiari (1924–1991), actor
 * Franco Corelli (1921–2003), opera tenor
 * Valentina Cortese (1923–2019), actress
 * Philippe Daverio (1949–2020), art historian
 * Giangiacomo Feltrinelli (1926–1972), publisher, businessman
 * Filippo Filippi (1830–1887), journalist, music critic
 * Dario Fo (1926–2016), 1997 Nobel prize in Literature
 * Carla Fracci (1936–2021), ballet dancer
 * Giorgio Gaber (1939–2003), singer-songwriter, comedian
 * Giorgio Gaslini (1929–2014), jazz pianist, composer, conductor
 * Luigi Giussani (1922–2005), priest, founder of "Communion and Liberation"
 * Paolo Grassi (1919–1981), theatrical impresario
 * Francesco Hayez (1791–1882), painter
 * Vladimir Horowitz (1903–1989), pianist
 * Herbert Kilpin (1870–1916), founder of A.C. Milan football club
 * Anna Kuliscioff (1857–1925), political activist
 * Domenico Induno (1815–1878), painter
 * Enzo Jannacci (1935–2013), singer-songwriter
 * Alberto Lattuada (1914–2005), director
 * Emilio Longoni (1859–1932), painter
 * Carlo Maciachini (1818–1899), architect
 * Cesare Maldini (1932–2016), football player
 * Alessandro Manzoni (1785–1873), poet, novelist, considered the founder of modern Italian language; tomb located at the very center of the Famedio
 * Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876–1944), poet and main founder of the futurist movement
 * Giuseppe Meazza (1910–1979), football player and manager
 * Alda Merini (1931–2009), poet
 * Lina Merlin (1887–1979), politician
 * Giulio Mongeri (1873–1951), architect
 * Franco Moschino (1950–1994), fashion designer
 * Bruno Munari (1907–1998), artist
 * Bob Noorda (1927–2010), graphic designer
 * Magda Olivero (1910–2014), opera soprano
 * Wanda Osiris (1905–1994), soubrette, actress, singer
 * Giuseppe Palanti (1881–1946), painter
 * Mario Palanti (1885–1978), architect
 * Giovanni Pesce (1918–2007), communist partisan
 * Giulietta Pezzi (1810–1878), writer
 * Francesco Maria Piave (1810–1876), librettist, poet
 * Giò Pomodoro (1930–2002), artist
 * Amilcare Ponchielli (1834–1886), composer
 * Gio Ponti (1891–1979), architect, industrial designer, artist
 * Salvatore Quasimodo (1901–1968), 1959 Nobel prize in Literature
 * Franca Rame (1929–2013), political activist, actress
 * Medardo Rosso (1858–1928), sculptor
 * Piero Sacerdoti (1905–1966), insurer
 * Rosa Chiarina Scolari (1882–1949) Mother Superior who helped the Italian resistance movement
 * Temistocle Solera (1815–1878), poet, opera composer, librettist
 * Mario Tiberini (1826–1880) and his wife Angiolina Ortolani-Tiberini (1834–1913), opera singers.
 * Arturo Toscanini (1867–1957), conductor and cellist
 * Giovanni Treccani (1877–1961), publisher
 * Filippo Turati (1857–1932), politician
 * Leo Valiani (1909–1999), writer, politician
 * Adolfo Wildt (1868–1931), sculptor

Mayors of Milan
 * Aldo Aniasi (1921–2005), Mayor (1967–76)
 * Giulio Belinzaghi (1818–1892), Mayor (1867–84; 1889–92)
 * Emilio Caldara (1868–1942), Mayor (1914–20)
 * Gino Cassinis (1885–1964), Mayor (1961–64)
 * Virgilio Ferrari (1888–1975), Mayor (1951–61)
 * Angelo Filippetti (1866–1936), Mayor (1920–22)
 * Marco Formentini (1930–2021), Mayor (1993–97)
 * Emanuele Greppi (1853–1931), Mayor (1911–14)
 * Carlo Tognoli (1938–2021), Mayor (1976–86)

title: Cimitero Monumentale di Milano


text:
Category:Vermont culture

This is a collection of articles about art, architecture, food, literature, music, people, and broader phenomena relating to the culture of the U.S. state of Vermont.

title: Category:Vermont culture


text: Category:Mass media in Vermont

title: Category:Mass media in Vermont


text:
Cordless

The term cordless is generally used to refer to electrical or electronic devices that are powered by a battery or battery pack and can operate without a power cord or cable attached to an electrical outlet to provide mains power, allowing greater mobility. The term "cordless" should not be confused with the term "wireless", although it often is in common usage, possibly because some cordless devices (e.g., cordless telephones) are also wireless. The term "wireless" generally refers to devices that use some form of energy (e.g., radio waves, infrared, ultrasonic, etc.) to transfer information or commands over a distance without the use of communication wires, regardless of whether the device gets its power from a power cord or a battery. The term "portable" is an even more general term and, when referring to electrical and electronic devices, usually means devices which are totally self-contained (e.g., have built-in power supplies, have no base unit, etc.) and which may also use wireless technology.

title: Cordless


text:
Talk:Labrador duck

Relationships
In an edit, Dysmorodrepanis indicates that the Steller's Eider might might actually be closest living relative of the Labrador Duck. I have not seen this in the literature, but I am by no means an ornithologist. The one reference I have seen on relationships indicated the Labrador Duck might be related to the Scoters and to the Harlequin Duck. I'd love to see references on this. --Cotinis 17:00, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I really don't know where I got that from. Anyways, I expanded and relocated the relationship stuff (with ref)
 * Oh BTW, does anyone know of molecular analyses? Dysmorodrepanis 23:38, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Extinction cause
Although it was hunted for food, this bird probably died out because of decline due to pollution of mussels and other shellfish that it is believed to have fed on.
 * Source? The Birds of North America series has no mention of thise, and it's nothing if not comprehensive. Sabine's Sunbird 04:26, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Seems to be legit. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 03:20, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

'' Very little is known of the life history of this bird, and the causes that led to its extinction are not understood. Possibly it was a colonial nesting species and therefore particularly vulnerable. Perhaps never abundant, the colonies may have been raided systematically year after year by natives and fishermen who took the eggs for food, thus seriously interfering with normal reproduction. It is generally believed that its extinction was not the result of overshooting.''
 * Odd, the quoted web site only mentions that the bird ate molluscs--this is well-known. The site does not mention a mussel die-off as a cause of extinction, here is the quote:

 * Other printed sources I have seen tend to agree that exploitation on the breeding grounds was likely the cause of extinction. Others do mention over-hunting, for the birds wintered around Long Island, New York, where there was lots of market-hunting. Aha! The mussel die-off is mentioned in Christopher Cokinos's Hope is the Thing with Feathers.

 * I'm going to go ahead and alter that language in the article to reflect the uncertainty, and add some references. Incidentally, I have some public-domain artwork of this species, and will add it in soon.

--Cotinis 02:03, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Any theories that the extinction was not mostly human caused? It is a part of evolution after all and the birds were never common to begin with (possibly indicating that they were not very fit and that another bird occupying its niche simply out-competed it.) Just seems odd that they'd jump immediatly to human.

 * Well, that is a good question, and hard to answer definitively, however there is a lot of circumstantial evidence the extinction was caused by humans. 1-The extinction occurred in the late 19th century, at the same time as the decline and extinction (or near-extinction) of several other North American birds (Passenger Pigeon, Carolina Parakeet, Eskimo Curlew). These extinctions came at a time of improved gunnery and huge population growth in North America. All of these species had branched off from their nearest relatives on the order of 2-3 million years ago (according to DNA molecular clocks and other techniques). It is a little hard to believe the sudden extinction of several North American birds during a time of huge human population growth over 100 years could have been a coincidence--the species having survived for millions of years previously. 2-Labrador Ducks were hunted fairly heavily on their wintering grounds, perhaps just incidentally to market hunting of more tasty species. Their decline occurred during a period of intense market hunting for the nearby urban markets of the northeastern United States, then undergoing a population boom.  3-In terms of displacement by another species with a similar niche, the Labrador Duck had a unique feeding niche, not currently occupied by other birds. The Steller's Eider of the North Pacific perhaps has a similar lifestyle, but they have never occurred together. Competition on the (still unknown) breeding grounds is a possibility, but an even better one is that the Labrador Duck was wiped out by human predation or an introduced predator on its breeding grounds. --Cotinis 03:17, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

The Labrador Duck
The Labrador Duck is also known as the Pied Duck it fed on small molluscs.Some people call it the Pied Duck and some call it the Labrador Duck. You can checked this website www.yahoo.com or www.google.com! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.186.12.209 (talk) 04:05, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

New Hampshire and New England?
When did New Hampshire stop being part of New Enland? I think this should be changed to "New Jersey and New England" or to "New Jersey, Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Maine." Also, I can understand that the ducks might not have wintered off of New York State (Long Island) but is that true or did New York just get left out? 65.79.173.135 (talk) 15:06, 20 November 2013 (UTC)Will in New Haven65.79.173.135 (talk) 15:06, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

Lab Duck
The Duck Is cute, And I wonder is DE-extinction Available For This Duck? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dinan Blueje (talk • contribs) 14:36, 3 June 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Labrador duck


text:
Tom Molineaux

Thomas Molineaux (March 23, 1784 – August 4, 1818), sometimes spelled Molyneaux or Molyneux, was an American bare-knuckle boxer and possibly a former slave. He spent much of his career in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, where he had notable successes. He arrived in England in 1809 and started his fighting career there in 1810. His two fights against Tom Cribb, widely viewed as the Champion of England, brought Molineaux fame even though he lost both contests. The result of the first encounter was hotly contested, with accusations of a fix. The second match with Cribb, however, was an undisputed loss. His prizefighting career ended in 1815. After a tour that took him to Scotland and Ireland, he died in Galway, Ireland, in 1818 at age 34.

Early life
According to some of the chroniclers of 19th-century boxing, Molineaux was born into slavery in the State of Virginia, USA in 1784. The most detailed account claims that he was born on a plantation and that he took his surname from the owners' name. An earlier writer just states that he came from the United States of America. In one account he boxed with other slaves to entertain plantation owners and was granted his freedom and $500 after winning a fight on which the son of the plantation owner had staked $100,000. Another source claims he was in the service of the one time American ambassador to London, William Pinkney. One of his biographers points out that while some of these accounts may be based on truth, they cannot be substantiated and may have been romanticised to some extent. After obtaining his freedom, Molineaux was reported to have moved to New York, where he was said to have been involved in "several battles" and had claimed the title "Champion of America". He subsequently emigrated to England where he expected to be able to earn money as a prize fighter.

Career in Europe
Molineaux found his way to London in 1809 where he made contact with Bill Richmond, another ex-slave-turned-boxer who ran the pub the Horse and Dolphin in Leicester Square, London. Molineaux's first fight in England occurred at Tothill Fields, Westminster, on July 24, 1810. According to one report, the match was preceded by bull baiting. Molineaux won the fight, beating Jack Burrows of Bristol in front of a small crowd in 65 minutes. Bill Richmond seconded Molineaux for the fight and Tom Cribb seconded Burrows.

Molineaux's second fight in England was against Tom Blake, whose nickname was "Tom Tough". The fight took place at Epple Bay near Margate on August 21, 1810, the American ending up victorious after eight rounds when Molineaux knocked out Blake. In this fight, the American was reported to have shown "great improvement in the science of pugilism".

On December 3, 1810, having been trained by Bill Richmond, Molineaux fought Tom Cribb at Shenington Hollow in Oxfordshire for the English title. According to the writer Pierce Egan, who was present, Molineaux stood at five foot eight and a quarter inches tall and, for this fight, weighed "fourteen stone two" (198 lb). Egan wrote that few people, including Cribb, expected the fight to last very long; there was betting that Cribb would win in the first ten rounds. Molineaux proved a powerful and intelligent fighter, and the two heavily battered each other. There was a disturbance in the 19th round as Molineaux and Cribb were locked in a wrestler's hold (legal under the rules of the time) so that neither could hit the other nor escape. The referee stood by, uncertain whether he should break the two apart, and the dissatisfied crowd pushed into the ring. In the confusion, Molineaux hurt his left hand; Egan could not tell if it had been broken. There was a dispute over whether Cribb had returned to the line before the allowed 30 seconds had passed. If he had not, Molineaux would have won, but the referee could not tell in the confusion and the fight went on. After the 34th round, Molineaux said he could not continue, but his second persuaded him to return to the ring, where he was defeated in the 35th round.

Two days after the fight, Richmond took Molineaux to the Stock Exchange in London, where the boxer received an ovation and was presented with 45 guineas.

On May 21, 1811, Molineaux took on William Rimmer, a 22-year-old fighter from Lancashire. The bout took place at Moulsey Hurst and Molineaux won after 21 rounds.

A return fight with Tom Cribb took place on September 28, 1811, at Thistleton Gap in Rutland and was watched by 15,000 people. Egan, who was present, said that both fighters "weighed less by more than a stone", which means Molineaux weighed at most 185 lb for this fight. As preparation for the bout, Cribb had undertaken extensive training under the guidance of Captain Barclay. Molineaux, though still hitting Cribb with great power, was out-fought; Cribb broke his jaw and finally knocked him out in the 11th round. After the fight Richmond and Molineaux parted.

Molineaux fought four subsequent bouts, winning three and losing one. On April 2 1813, Molineaux fought Jack Carter at Remington, Gloucestershire, the American winning after 25 rounds. After the fight, Molineaux went on tour, where he sparred in exhibition bouts. In 1813, he fought Abraham Denton at Derby, his opponent being described as a "country pugilist" with the stature of a giant. Molineaux won the contest. The tour took him to Scotland, and on May 27, 1814, he took on a boxer named William Fuller at Bishopstorff, Paisley, Ayrshire. After four rounds of fighting the match was interrupted when the "sheriff of Renfrewshire, attended by constables, entered the ring, and put a stop to it". A rematch was staged at Auchineux, 12 miles from Glasgow on May 31, 1814. 2 rounds were fought there, lasting 68 minutes, Molineaux being awarded the contest. On March 11, 1815, Molineaux fought and lost to George Cooper at Corset Hill, Lanarkshire.

Molineaux also entered Cornish wrestling tournaments in England when touring in the early 1800s.

Post-boxing life
Molineaux's prizefighting career ended in 1815. However, he continued to show his talents in sparring exhibitions. After visiting Scotland, he toured Ireland, where in 1817, he was reportedly in the northern part of the island. He suffered from tuberculosis. After a stint in a debtors' prison he became increasingly dependent on alcohol.

He died penniless in the bandroom of the 77th Regiment in Galway, Ireland, on 4 August 1818. He was 34 years old.

In 2018, Galway City Museum held an exhibition on the life of Molineaux to mark the 200th anniversary of his death. Also in 2018 a plaque was erected in Galway at the site of his death.

In 2019, Katie Taylor unveiled a headstone over his previously unmarked grave in St James' graveyard in Galway.

Career record

 * align="center" colspan=8|5 wins, 3 losses, 1 draw
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Duration
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Duration

 * Win
 * Jack Burrows
 * July 24, 1810
 * Tothill Fields, Westminster
 * 65 minutes
 * Win
 * Tom Blake
 * August 21, 1810
 * Epple Bay near Margate
 * 8 rounds
 * Loss
 * Tom Cribb
 * December 18, 1810
 * Copthorne Gap, Surrey
 * 35 rounds
 * Win
 * William Rimmer
 * May 21, 1811
 * Moulsey Hurst
 * 21 rounds
 * Loss
 * Tom Cribb
 * September 28, 1811
 * Thistleton Gap
 * 11 rounds
 * Win
 * Jack Carter
 * April 2, 1813
 * Remington, Gloucestershire
 * 25 rounds
 * style="background: #dae2f1"|Draw
 * William Fuller
 * May 27, 1814
 * Bishopstorff, Paisley
 * 4 rounds
 * Win
 * William Fuller
 * May 31, 1814
 * Auchineux
 * 2 rounds
 * Loss
 * George Cooper
 * March 11, 1815
 * Corset Hill, Lanarkshire
 * 14 rounds
 * May 31, 1814
 * Auchineux
 * 2 rounds
 * Loss
 * George Cooper
 * March 11, 1815
 * Corset Hill, Lanarkshire
 * 14 rounds
 * 14 rounds

Legacy

 * Molineaux is a direct ancestor of American hip-hop artist LL Cool J. The rapper, named James Todd Smith, found out the information when he had his genealogy traced on a television show titled Finding Your Roots.
 * A hand-coloured etching of Molineaux by Robert Dighton is held in the National Portrait Gallery in London.
 * A fictionalized account of Molineaux's boxing career is the basis of Black Ajax by George MacDonald Fraser.
 * In 2003, Molineaux was featured in the television documentary Georgian Underworld: Bare Knuckle Boxer.
 * Thomas Molineaux is featured in the short animation The Prize Fighter, directed by Jason Young.
 * Tom Molyneaux is featured as a ghost in the short story Apparition in the Prize Ring by Robert E. Howard, who was a boxing fan.
 * Molineaux's fight with Cribb was turned into a 2014 play called Prize Fighters (based on the book Bristol Boys by Jack Allen) by director Ed Viney and was performed in the Tobacco Factory in 2015.
 * Molineaux's return fight with Cribb in 1811 at Thistleton Gap is referred to in Regency Buck, a novel by Georgette Heyer.
 * Molineaux was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1997.
 * In 2010, Molineaux was inducted into the Bare Knuckle Boxing Hall of Fame.
 * In 2017, a documentary film Ag Trasnú an Atlantaigh Dhuibh (Crossing the Black Atlantic), directed by Des Kilbane and Andrew Gallimore, premiered at the Galway Film Fleadh.

title: Tom Molineaux