text:
The Silos

The Silos is an American rock band formed by Walter Salas-Humara and Bob Rupe in New York City, United States in 1985.

History
Prior to starting the Silos, Salas-Humara had been a member of The Vulgar Boatmen, and Bob Rupe was in Florida bands The Roll N Pinz, The Cichlids, Crank and The Bobs, as well as Screaming Sneakers. The Silos put out the independently released album About Her Steps in 1986, which received a warm critical reception. The band's 1987 follow-up album, Cuba, also independently released, received even more recognition. The Silos were named Best New Artist in the Rolling Stone magazine critics' poll. Cuba continues to be cited as highly influential among alternative country artists. The band subsequently signed to RCA Records and released The Silos, produced by Salas-Humara and Rupe along with Peter Moore. Commonly referred to as "the bird album" or "The One With The Bird On The Cover," The Silos led to the band's network TV debut appearance on Late Night with David Letterman.

Salas-Humara quit the band following the release of The Silos, and purchased the rights to The Silos name from Rupe in 1991, thus dissolving the partnership. Subsequent albums included Hasta La Victoria (1992), Susan Across The Ocean (1994), Heater and its remix companion Cooler (both 1998). After Heater was recorded, Salas-Humara turned the band into a three piece with Drew Glackin on bass and lap steel guitar and Konrad Meissner on drum and backing vocals. The subsequent records were Laser Beam Next Door (2001), When The Telephone Rings (2004), and the live This Highway Is A Circle. Bloodshot Records released the Silos' 2007 offering, Come On Like The Fast Lane. In 2008, Glackin died. Salas-Humara and Meissner continue to perform with other players. In 2011, the band released Florizona with Rod Hohl playing bass, Bruce Martin on keyboards and Jason Victor on guitar.

Salas-Humara has also released the solo albums Lagartija (1988) (which also featured Bob Rupe), Radar (1995) and most recently, Curve and Shake (2014). He joined Alejandro Escovedo and Michael Hall in a side project called the Setters. The novelist and music aficionado Jonathan Lethem called Salas-Humara "a melodic genius, one of our greatest songwriters." Rolling Stone said Salas-Humara "has a deft songwriting touch, creating terse, stripped-down songs as elegant as Shaker furniture."

Bob Rupe went on to record with House of Freaks, Gutterball and Sparklehorse. Prior to starting Silos he was well established as a producer and engineer in South Florida, handling production for Psycho Daisies, The Chant and The Preachers. He was a member of Cracker from 1994 to 2000 and has appeared as a guest artist on releases by many other artists including Freedy Johnston, Joan Osborne, Steve Wynn, Daniel Johnston and Garrison Starr. Bob Rupe has also mastered records for a variety of artists across many musical styles including Charlie Pickett (Bar Band Americanus).

Discography

 * 1985 About Her Steps (Record Collect)
 * 1987 Cuba (Record Collect)
 * 1990 The Silos (a.k.a. The One with the Bird on the Cover) (RCA) U.S. #140
 * 1992 Hasta la Victoria! (Normal Records)
 * 1994 Susan Across the Ocean (Watermelon Records)
 * 1994 Diablo (European version of Susan Across the Ocean) (Normal Records)
 * 1994 Ask the Dust: Recordings 1980-1988 (reissue of About Her Steps and Lagartija [Walter Salas-Humara]) (Watermelon Records)
 * 1997 Long Green Boat (Greatest hits with live tracks) (Last Call Records)
 * 1998 Heater (Checkered Past Records)
 * 1998 Cooler (Remixes of Heater) (Normal Records)
 * 2001 Barcelona (Live) (Return to Sender Records/Normal Mail Order)
 * 2001 Laser Beam Next Door (Checkered Past Records)
 * 2001 Nuestra Vida (Greatest hits) (Discmedi)
 * 2004 When the Telephone Rings (Dualtone Records)
 * 2006 This Highway Is a Circle (Live CD + DVD) (Blue Rose Records)
 * 2007 Come On Like the Fast Lane (Bloodshot Records)
 * 2011 Florizona (Sonic Pyramid)
 * 2022 Family

Related projects

 * 1988 Walter Salas-Humara, Lagartija (Record Collect)
 * 1990 The Vulgar Boatmen, You and Your Sister (Record Collect)
 * 1992 The Vulgar Boatmen, Please Panic (Safe House Records)
 * 1993 The Setters, The Setters (with Alejandro Escovedo and Michael Hall) (Blue Million Miles Records; re-released in 1994 on Watermelon Records)
 * 1994 Walter Salas-Humara, Lean (Live) (Return to Sender Records/Normal Mail Order)
 * 1994 Walter Salas-Humara, Ask the Dust: Recordings 1980-1988 (reissue of About Her Steps and Lagartija [solo]) (Watermelon Records)
 * 1995 The Vulgar Boatmen, Opposite Sex (Blanco y Negro)
 * 1996 The Setters, Dark Ballad Trash (Return to Sender Records/Normal Mail Order)
 * 1996 Walter Salas-Humara, Radar (Watermelon Records)
 * 2000 Woozy, Woozy (with Dave Bassett) (Last Call Records)
 * 2003 The Vulgar Boatmen, Wide Awake (Selections from the studio albums plus four new tracks) (No Nostalgia)
 * 2008 I'm Not Jim (with novelist Jonathan Lethem), You Are All My People (Bloodshot Records)
 * 2014 Walter Salas-Humara, Curve and Shake (Sonic Pyramid)

title: The Silos


text:
Valech Report

The Valech Report, officially known as The National Commission on Political Imprisonment and Torture Report, documents instances of abuses committed in Chile between 1973 and 1990 by agents of Augusto Pinochet's military regime. Published on November 29, 2004, the report presents the findings of a six-month investigation. A revised version was subsequently released on June 1, 2005. In February 2010, the commission was reopened for a period of eighteen months, during which additional cases were examined.

According to the commission's findings, a total of 38,254 individuals were imprisoned for political reasons, with a majority of them subjected to torture. In addition to the cases documented in the earlier Rettig Report, the commission also revealed that thirty individuals had either disappeared or been executed.

The testimonies obtained during the investigation have been classified and will remain confidential for the next fifty years, until 2054. Consequently, these records cannot be utilized in trials pertaining to human rights violations. This stands in contrast to the "Archives of Terror" in Paraguay and Operation Condor. Associations representing former political prisoners have been denied access to the testimonies.

Commission
The report was prepared at the request of President Ricardo Lagos by the National Commission on Political Imprisonment and Torture, which consisted of eight members. The commission was headed by Bishop Sergio Valech and made the report public through the Internet. The members of the commission included María Luisa Sepúlveda as the executive vice president, as well as lawyers Miguel Luis Amunátegui, Luciano Fouillioux, José Antonio Gómez (PRSD president), Lucas Sierra, Álvaro Varela, and psychologist Elizabeth Lira. The commission did not include any representatives of the victims or members of the associations of ex-political prisoners.

To ensure the inclusiveness of their work, the Commission coordinated closely with regional and national organizations of former political prisoners, as well as human rights organizations. Their collaboration aimed to establish contact with relevant individuals who could provide testimonies. To reach a wide audience, advertisements were broadcast on national and local radio and television stations, as well as published in national and local newspapers.

The number of individuals who came forward to testify aligned with the geographic distribution of inhabitants in both the capital city and the provinces.

First part
The initial report was based on testimony given to the commission by 35,865 people, of which 27,255 were regarded as "direct victims". Of these, 94% said they were tortured. Eleven people were born in prison, and ninety-one underage children were detained with their parents (including four unborn babies); these were not considered "direct victims". Another group of 978 people were minors at the time of their arrest. Four women were pregnant at the time of their arrest and were tortured; their children were considered "direct victims". A child who was the result of a rape while in prison was also considered a "direct victim". Victims were detained for six months, on average.

Out of the more than 8,600 rejected cases, 7,290 people requested that their cases be revised. The commission also agreed to investigate a further 166 cases which were not considered the first time around. The updated report added 1,204 new cases, bringing the total number of victims to 28,459. The total number of arrests was 34,690; some people were detained multiple times.

The commission found that approximately 69% of arrests occurred between September 11 and December 31 of 1973, and 19% between January 1973 and August 1977.

Second part
Under the presidency of Michelle Bachelet the commission was reopened. It reviewed about 32,000 new requests from February 2010 to August 2011. It was to be open for twelve months but due to the high number of requests it was extended for an additional six months. 9,795 cases of torture and thirty cases of disappearances or executions were certified. The new report was presented to President Sebastián Piñera on August 18, 2011 and released on August 26, 2011.

Benefits
The state provided lifelong monetary compensation to the victims as well as health and education benefits. These are detailed in Law 19,992 and include: a monthly payment of about 113,000 to 129,000 thousand Chilean pesos (in December 2004 prices, subsequently adjusted for inflation), depending on the victim's age; free public healthcare for victims and their parents, spouses or children under twenty-five, or incapacitated children of any age; free education (primary to tertiary) for victims whose studies were interrupted by their imprisonment.

There is also a special bonus of four million Chilean pesos for victim's children who were born in captivity or who were detained with their parents while they were minors.

Criticism
Critics of the Valech Report said that families were falsely claiming that their relatives went missing during the 1973–1990 military regime. There had been reports since 2008 that four people, listed as killed or missing, were alive or had died in unrelated circumstances. These cases have raised questions about the system of verification of victims of dictatorships. The Age newspaper has reported that a total of 1,183 people were killed, or reported missing and presumed dead, and that their names appear on a special memorial at the General Cemetery of Santiago. Clive Foss, in The Tyrants: 2500 years of Absolute Power and Corruption, estimates that 1,500 Chileans were killed or disappeared during the Pinochet regime. Nearly 700 civilians disappeared during the period between 1974 and 1977 after being detained by the Chilean military and police. In October 1977, The New York Times reported that Amnesty International had documented the disappearance of approximately 1,500 Chileans since 1973.

Most of those new cases of child victims had not been included in the first report because their parents were either executed political prisoners or among the "disappeared" detainees and there were no confirming witnesses. About two-thirds of the cases of abuse that were recognized by the commission took place during 1973.

The associations say that testimony was accepted under the following conditions:
 * Detention had to have lasted for more than five days. For perspective, in Santiago de Chile, 120,000 people were detained by the armed forces in 1986. Of those, 24,000 were detained by the Carabineros Chilean police force for a duration of four and a half days. However, the Commission's requirement was not about the length of detention, but about the political motivation for the detention or torture. In those cases where evidence of either was found, even if the period of detention was of few days, the testimony of those individuals was accepted (see article 1, paragraph 2 of Supreme Decree 1,040 of 2003, that created the Commission and established its mandate ).
 * Detention must have been in one of the 1,200 official detention or torture centers listed by the Commission including: Villa Grimaldi, Colonia Dignidad, Víctor Jara Stadium or the Esmeralda floating center. Cases of torture in the streets or in vehicles were excluded. Starting in the 1980s, the CNI (which succeeded DINA) no longer took victims to detention centers thus, say the associations, the fact that about two-thirds of the cases of abuse that were approved by the commission took place during 1973. The case of Carmen Gloria Quintana, who was burnt alive in the middle of the 1980s, was not recognized, following this definition of torture. Some have disputed this, pointing out that there was no official list of detention centers where victims had to have been detained for their cases to be recognized. The list established by the Commission was the product of the testimony received. The difficulty in accepting testimony from people detained in vehicles or tortured on the street was in finding enough evidence to support their cases. Those cases where evidence was found of people being detained and tortured in police buses or other vehicles were accepted. Ms. Quintana contacted the Commission but did not testify before it.
 * Detention must not have taken place in any country other than Chile. The associations underlined the fact that the commission worked for only six months, with very little publicity, despite the UN's demand that it accept testimony for a longer period. In some cases, in rural areas, victims who knew about the Commission had to give testimony to local civil servants who were part of the local governments when they were detained and tortured. When the Commission knew about this situation, it demanded the exclusion of those officers from the process and sent new teams to those areas. The commission worked only during office hours, forcing victims to ask their employer for permission to testify. Insufficient psychological assistance was provided to the victims who had to relive their experiences, some of them suffering flashbacks, except referring statement givers to the Comprehensive Health Care Reparations Program (PRAIS), and some specialized mental health care NGOs were unable to meet the demand thus "re-victimizing" those individuals. Ex-political prisoners said that testimony from minors under eighteen years of age was refused because it was impossible for them to recall exactly the details of the place and time where they had been tortured. Children, some of them five years old, and adolescents, had been tortured by the dictatorship.

Sixty percent of the ex-political prisoners were unemployed for at least two years according to studies made by ex-political prisoners' associations. Their life expectancy is only sixty to sixty-five years. Switzerland and Argentina have recently refused to extradite two ex-political prisoner to Chile, on the grounds that they might be subject to "mistreatment" in Chile.

Judgment
Until May 2012, seventy-six agents had been condemned for human rights violations and sixty-seven were convicted: thirty-six from the Army, twenty-seven Carabineros, two from the Air Force, one from the Navy, and one of the PDI. Three condemned agents died and six agents received conditional sentences. The Chilean justice system holds 350 open cases of "disappeared" persons, illegal detainees, and torture victims during the dictatorial rule. These cases involve 700 military and civilian personnel.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Valech Report


text:
Talk:Martin Lee

Untitled
In which jurisdiction(s) is he QC, and in which one(s) SC? – Kaihsu 20:43, 2004 Nov 29 (UTC)
 * QC - Queen's Counsel. Martin Lee was appointed QC in 1979 in Hong Kong.
 * SC - Senior Counsel - Title given by Chief Justice of Hong Kong in 1997 for previously appointed QCs. But one may use both titles together. -Hlaw 03:02, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Can the subjects that Martin Lee studied in university be verified? (English and Philosophy) They are not widely known information in the media. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.86.54.162 (talk) 07:10, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

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Why ML was never on Exco, and other secrets
see newly released UK official docs: https://www.hongkongfp.com/2018/07/24/declassified-china-halted-talks-new-hong-kong-airport-stop-martin-lees-appointment-top-govt-body/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Cossaxx (talk • contribs) 07:56, 24 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Martin Lee


text:
My Kind of Christmas

My Kind of Christmas is the third studio album and first Christmas album by American singer Christina Aguilera. It was released on October 24, 2000, by RCA Records. The album was recorded from late 1999 to mid 2000, while Aguilera was touring to promote her first two albums: Christina Aguilera (1999) and Mi Reflejo (2000). My Kind of Christmas contains cover versions of Christmas standards, such as "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" and "Angels We Have Heard on High", as well as several original recordings, which incorporate dance-pop elements. The album was produced by Ron Fair, the Matrix, Robbie Buchanan, Barry Harris and Chris Cox.

My Kind of Christmas received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who criticized its musical style and Aguilera's vocals. The album peaked at number 28 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), having sold 1,015,000 copies. Aguilera appeared on several television shows, such as The Early Show and The David Letterman Show, to promote the album, and also performed a special concert for ABC, which was released on DVD in June 2001, as My Reflection.

Background
Aguilera achieved success following the release of her first two studio albums, Christina Aguilera in 1999 and Mi Reflejo in late-2000 respectively, both of which were certified multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In 1999, Aguilera released a cover of "The Christmas Song" which found critical and commercial success peaking at number 18 on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. Recording for My Kind of Christmas began from early to mid-2000, when Aguilera was touring to support her debut and Spanish-counterpart albums. A cover version of the song "Climb Ev'ry Mountain" from the 1959 musical The Sound of Music was recorded for the album but ultimately it was not included on the tracklist and remains unreleased.

Composition
My Kind of Christmas is a Christmas and dance-pop album, which is made up of mainly cover versions of Christmas standards along with several new tracks. The album begins with two original songs. "Christmas Time" is a "catchy, upbeat, pop song, all about the Christmas season" and includes a rap from Aguilera towards the end. "This Year" was co-written by Aguilera and is a hip hop and R&B-infused song where "Aguilera sings about spending the holidays with her sweetheart in a typical xtina fashion".

This is followed by "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", "Angels We Have Heard on High" and "Merry Christmas, Baby" which are the three soulful and gospel ballads from the album, backed by a 70-piece orchestra. Originally, Etta James was planned to be included as a featured performer on the track "Merry Christmas, Baby". However Dr. John was chosen instead. A portion of "Auld Lang Syne" is included at the beginning of "Merry Christmas, Baby" with some deeming the input to be unnecessary. Aguilera's cover of "O Holy Night" was received with mixed reviews with comparisons made to Mariah Carey's version. Aguilera recites The Lord's Prayer during the song which was called "awkward but nice". Wales Online called it one of "the absolute worst Christmas songs of all time".

"O Holy Night" is followed by Aguilera's cover of Celine Dion's "These Are the Special Times" from her album of the same name. Aguilera then covers Donny Hathaway's "This Christmas", which received praise for its originality. "The Christmas Song", previously released in late-1999 was also included in the album. This was followed by an interlude titled "Xtina's Xmas". The album ends with "The Christmas Song (Holiday Remix)" which was Aguilera's version of "The Christmas Song" remade as a dance-styled number by Thunderpuss who set the song to "a kicking dance beat".

Promotion
The album was released on October 24, 2000, by RCA Records as Aguilera's third studio album in the United States, following her two first albums Christina Aguilera (1999) and Mi Reflejo (2000). It was released as two formats: CD and cassette. In order to promote the album, Aguilera promoted the album on a number of shows, including The Rosie O'Donnell Show, The Early Show, and David Letterman Show. On December 10, 2000, Aguilera performed "The Christmas Song", "Genie in a Bottle" and "What a Girl Wants" during a concert at Franklin High in Milwaukee, being watched by 1,300 students. She also performed during an ABC special concert later in December; the set list included songs from her three first studio albums, including a song from My Kind of Christmas, "Have Yourself A Little Merry Christmas". There, she performed the track with Brian McKnight. The concert was filmed and released as a DVD entitled My Reflection (2001).

Singles
"The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting On An Open Fire)" was the only song released as a single from the album. It was sent to Hot adult contemporary and adult contemporary radio stations on November 15, 1999, as well as receiving a commercial release on a compact disc. It was released alongside the "Thunderpuss 2000 Holiday Remix" and the Eddie Arroyo Rhythm Mix of "Genie in a Bottle". "The Christmas Song" became Aguilera's fifth top-twenty hit on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 18 on the chart. Aguilera's version became the second highest position for the song in the chart after the original.

"Christmas Time" was released in December 2000 on a compact disc as a single. RCA released the song in the United States and BMG distributed it throughout Europe. A promotional live video was released as well.

On November 10, 2023, "This Christmas" was released as a promotional single in Japan, through Sony Music Solutions. The song was later certified gold by IFPI Danmark for selling over 45,000 units.

Critical reception
The album garnered mixed reviews from music critics who criticized the production and Aguilera's vocal delivery. AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote that "none of the new songs are knockouts" but the album was an "entertaining seasonal dance-pop" that "may not add too much to Christina's catalog" but "suggest that she may not be a mere one-album wonder." Chris Willman from Entertainment Weekly thought that "Aguilera oversings so wildly that there wouldn't have been enough oxygen in the booth to sustain another life form", and that Aguilera "is out of control here, spoiling some nifty modern arrangements with her exhausting insistence on making every other syllable an octave spanning tour de force." Jaan Uhelszki from Rolling Stone criticized the album as being "chilly, forced and overdone", and claimed that the album "is just another forum to showcase Aguilera's formidable bag of vocal gymnastics and posturing without a shred of sincerity or warmth". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution was not impressed toward Aguilera's vocal ability on the album, giving it a mixed review. The Austin Chronicle writer Christopher Gray gave the album two stars noting that "Aguilera certainly has the pipes to outlast such jejune nonsense, but she's got to learn some subtlety first, and Christmas songs aren't exactly the best material to be practicing on".

Retrospective reception
In an ex post facto review, Billboard writer Taylor Weatherby noted in 2016 that "for some reason, Aguilera's album is not really one that gets circulated annually when local radio stations go into full-on Christmas mode, even despite reaching number-one on the Billboard Holiday Albums chart". However, some musicians, including Fifth Harmony, have gone on the record praising My Kind of Christmas. In his 2018 Rolling Stone interview Ty Dolla Sign named it "one of the greatest albums ever made". Emily Marcus of Us Weekly ranked it among the top ten best Christmas albums ever and called it an "unforgettable holiday album" that "will always remain an all-time favorite". PopCrush writer Alexandra Capotorto noted that "thanks to [Aguilera's] beautiful pipes, we still believe it's one of the best Christmas albums to impact within the pop genre". In 2023, Forbes named a promotional single "Christmas Time" as one of the fifteen most iconic Christmas pop songs, noting that "when she [Aguilera] dropped the Christmas record, it garnered mixed reviews, but as time has passed, this track reigns with its mere pop brilliance."

Commercial performance
My Kind of Christmas debuted at number 38 on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of about 25,000. It reached its peak at number 28. It also peaked atop the Billboard Holiday Albums chart. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album platinum for having sold more than 1,015,000 copies in the country.

Personnel

 * Lead vocals, background vocals – Christina Aguilera, E. Dawk, Dr. John, Kim Johnson, Miari
 * Keyboard – Alex Alessandroni, BabyBoy, E. Dawk, The Matrix
 * Trumpet – Wayne Bergeron
 * Bass – Chuck Berghofer
 * Saxophone – Pete Christlieb, Gene Cipriano, Dan Higgins, Sal Lozano
 * Drums – Vinnie Colaiuta, Peter Erskine
 * Violin – Mario de Leon, Joel Derouin, Assa Drori, Kirstin Fife, Armen Garabedian, Galina Golovin, Agnes Gottschewski, Endre Granat, Lily Ho-Chen, Tiffany Ju, Joe Ketendjian, Johana Krejci, Gary Kuo, Natalie Leggett, Kathleen Lenski, Alan Mautner, Francis Moore, Katia Popov, Barbara Porter
 * Guitar – John Goux, Ashley Ingram
 * Piano – Dr. John, Tom Ranier, Bob Sanov, Billy Preston
 * Trumpet – Warren Luening
 * Organ – Myron McKinley, Billy Preston
 * Producers – Ron Fair, The Matrix
 * Executive producer – Ron Fair
 * Engineers – Brad Haehnel, The Matrix, Michael C. Ross, Sol Survivor
 * Assistant engineers – Howard Karp, Chris Wonzer
 * Mixing – Peter Mokran, Dave Pensado, Michael C. Ross
 * Mastering – Eddy Schreyer
 * Assistants – Chad Brown, Bobby Butler, Brian Dixon, Tony Flores, Paul Forgues, David Guerrero, Michael Huff, Ed Krautner, Charles Paakkari, Howard Risson, Chris Shepherd, Jason Stasium, Bradley Yost
 * Digital editing – Tal Herzberg
 * Vocal recording – Michael C. Ross
 * Programming – ChakDaddy, The Matrix, Sol Survivor
 * Arrangers – Ron Fair, The Matrix, Don Sebesky
 * String arrangements – Ron Fair
 * Vocal arrangement – ChakDaddy, Eric Dawkins, Ron Fair
 * Orchestration – Don Sebesky
 * Art direction – Brett Kilroe
 * Design – Vivian Ng
 * Photography – Norman Jean Roy

title: My Kind of Christmas


text:
User:BLueFiSH.as

Hello, I'm from the German Wikipedia. Sometimes I make little changes to related articles.

Please have a look at my german userpage at de.wikipedia.org.

CU

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title: User:BLueFiSH.as


text:
Talk:1955 in music

[Untitled]
this is the year 1955 the year when norman & edith was joined together in matramorny when music was at its best never to be fogotton just like the couple we have ear today all the best jeff & julie

Untitled
List of No. 1 Hits 1955 first week column and number of weeks column do not coinside. In List of No. 1 hits 1955: It says on April 30 a song held for 8 weeks to July 9th and then the next song 10 weeks to September 3. Are dates mis- calculated or are the 'weeks held' numbers reversed? December going into January 1956 also does not calculate. This makes each following year's dates off. Can you tell me if the 'number of weeks column is correct; so I can just recalculate the dates? Thank you for your time. Claire

Move the Carl Perkins item to "1956 in Music"
The following item is to be moved to "1956 in Music".

"March 7 - Carl Perkins' single "Blue Suede Shoes" enters the R&B charts, marking the first time a Country music artist has made it on the R&B charts."

This is correct, except for the year. "Blue Suede Shoes" was recorded by Carl Perkins on 19 December 1955, and released on the Sun label on January 1 1956 (with "Honey Don't" as the B-side). The record entered Billboard's Hot 100 on March 3 1956 (the same week as Elvis Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel"), and on the Rhythm and Blues chart on March 10, 1956. See link at http://www.rockabillyhall.com/BlueSuedeShoes.html.

I will move the item to "1956 in Music".

--Bomber55 14:40, 28 June 2006 (UTC)bomber55

title: Talk:1955 in music


text:
Morrigan Aensland

Morrigan Aensland (モリガン・アーンスランド) is a fictional character and the female protagonist in Capcom's Darkstalkers series. Having debuted in 1994's Darkstalkers: The Night Warriors, she has since appeared in every game in the series and in various related media and merchandise, as well as in multiple video games outside the Darkstalkers line, including most entries in both Marvel vs. Capcom and SNK vs. Capcom.

Morrigan is a succubus and a powerful princess (later queen) of the demon realm Makai, who is very vain and lives for little more than the excitement of battle, but slowly begins to take her royal responsibilities more seriously despite her obsessive fascination with the human world. She has a sister-like split part named Lilith and a rival named Demitri Maximoff, and her moveset is reminiscent of Ryu and Ken from Street Fighter.

Concept and creation
Early in the development of Darkstalkers: The Night Warriors, Capcom had decided to include two female characters: a cute female vampire and a catgirl with massive breasts, the latter of which was originally intended to be the game's "sex appeal". According to story planner Haruo Murata, the former was planned to be the female figurehead of the game, similar to Chun-Li for Street Fighter II. Akira "Akiman" Yasuda oversaw the development process, and expected a character similar to the comic book character Vampirella. During the design process, Capcom producer Alex Jimenez suggested they instead make her a succubus, as the game already had a male vampire planned. As a result the characters' roles shifted, with the catgirl Felicia becoming a cute character to offset the game's darker tones, while the succubus Morrigan became the game's sex symbol.

Her finalized appearance came from Hiroshi Shibata, a member of the game's Objects team. Morrigan is a woman with long green hair and bangs, and wears a black leotard that cups her breasts with a heart-shaped cutout beneath her cleavage. The upper straps of the leotard are lowered around her shoulders, with a white feather trip extending around her shoulders and cleavage. Her legs are covered by tan tights with a bat pattern on them, while matching sleeves extend from the leotard straps to her middle finger, and black high heel boots cover her feet. Two large bat wings extend from her lower back, while a secondary smaller set extends from the sides of her head. In an early version of her design a white skull decal was intended to cover the crotch of the leotard, but was later removed. She stands 172 cm (5 ft 8 in) tall, and has measurements of 86–56–83 cm (34-22-33 in).

Her initial standing sprite and several basic poses were designed by Yasuda, while the remainder of the animations were developed by a team member known as "Mori". According to Yasuda, Mori was so impressed by her standing pose he paid a lot of attention to detail when animating the character, particularly giving her fingers movement during it. For her attacks and several of her movements, her wings were made to be a collection of shapeshifting bats that could form blades, drills and other items such as jetpacks to give her increased range and mobility. Her facial expressions when hit meanwhile were made more comical and less refined, something the development team felt suited the atmosphere of the Darkstalkers games. Meanwhile, her character portrays were designed by freelance illustrator Bengus, who added bags under her eyes to give her a more "Gothic" aesthetic. Though the development team was hesitant regarding this detail, Yasuda heavily praised it as exactly what he had been looking for with her design.

The name Morrigan was also suggested by Jimenez, who felt it would fit nobility. Elements such as her rivalry with fellow character Demitri Maximoff were conceived when Gamest magazine asked for additional details about the characters and their backstory after the release of the first game. Meanwhile, her home location was placed in Scotland to tie into the ancestry behind her character's name. According to Murata, he felt Morrigan did a great job "playing out the seductive succubus role", while Yasuda expressed he was pleased with the results as it provided Capcom with a character they could use again and again in other titles.

Morrigan's character has been voiced in most games by Yayoi Jinguji until 2011, when the role was taken over by Rie Tanaka. Morrigan's English voice was provided by Erin Fitzgerald for Cross Edge and by Siobhan Flynn for the Marvel vs. Capcom series. In most of her appearance, Morrigan has had exactly the same 2D sprite set as far as Capcom vs. SNK 2 (2001) as she did in the original Darkstalkers game (1994). As such, Morrigan was featured in Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition as "Most reused character sprite in a fighting game" for her 10 appearances between 1994 and 2001. Her sprites look especially poor and out of place in the Capcom vs. SNK where they got visibly pixelated and gained a black outline. She received an updated character model in 2008's Tatsunoko vs. Capcom, which was the first game in which she was featured as a 3D polygonal model. Morrigan and Felicia were two particularly hard characters to implement in Marvel vs. Capcom 3 due to their constantly changing forms. An altogether different super deformed style design sprite is used in Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo and Super Gem Fighter Mini Mix, in the latter of which she has an alternative nurse costume. In Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 Femme Fatale Pack, which has been also available for free with pre-order from GameStop, Morrigan received a DLC "casual outfit" costume based on her human form from the Darkstalkers games and the anime series. Morrigan has several additional alternative costumes in Cross Edge. In Onimusha Soul, she was redesigned to fit its feudal Japan theme.

Darkstalkers games
In the Darkstalkers series, Morrigan is a succubus and the adopted daughter of the demon king Belial of the Aensland House, one of the three major houses of Makai (魔界, lit. "Demon World"), who prophesied her birth in Scotland in the year 1678. Belial also foresaw the dangers of the incredible power residing in Morrigan. If she could not properly control her power, it would consume her body and the world would suffer catastrophic damage. To prevent this event from unfolding, Belial sealed two thirds of her soul away until she was able to endure her full power. One third was sealed within himself, to return to Morrigan upon his death; the other one third was sealed within a pocket dimension that eventually became a being of its own, named Lilith. Unaware of Belial's action, Morrigan grew up, tended after by two lesser demons named Lucien and Mudo. She found her life as a sheltered princess in the Aensland castle dull, so she frequently visited the human world to look for entertainment, tempting humans regardless of their sex and fighting for her own pleasure. She is capable of crossing into the human dimension without the use of the gates but simply relying on her own translocation ability.

Centuries later, during the events of Darkstalkers: The Night Warriors (Vampire) and Night Warriors: Darkstalkers' Revenge (Vampire Hunter), Morrigan is drawn to a strange immense power (which would turn out to be the alien fire demon Pyron) and ventures into the human world once again. Morrigan finds and challenges Pyron to battle, but is defeated, as he turns out to be too strong for her to beat. Instead, victory goes to the banished vampire lord Demitri Maximoff, her father's sworn enemy, who absorbs Pyron's power. Sixteen years later, Belial passes away and Morrigan is informed she is the successor to the Aensland throne to rule for next 1,200 years. Although she becomes rightfully the ruler of Makai as Queen of the Night, Morrigan still shirks her responsibilities and seeks to continue her hedonistic and thrill-seeking life as before. Meanwhile, Demitri has returned to Makai shortly after learning of Belial's death and challenges Morrigan for the right to rule the demon realm. Morrigan gradually accepted the insistent vampire's demand prior to the events of Darkstalkers 3 (Vampire Savior), with Jedah Dohma appearing after his century-long nap and creating the Majigen which sucked Morrigan and her castle into it. Jedah freed Lilith, who is compelled to find Morrigan, eventually merging back into her as depicted in both their endings.

Other games
Morrigan was the first Darkstalkers character to break-out of the original fighting game series and cross over into the Marvel vs. Capcom series. In Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes (1998, remade as Marvel vs. Capcom Origins in 2012), not only was Morrigan present, but an alternate "Lilith-style" Morrigan was a secret character; in her intro cutscene, Lilith appears and merges with her in a nod to when the two merged in Morrigan's ending in Vampire Savior. In Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes (2000), she is joined by fellow Darkstalkers characters Anakaris, B.B. Hood and Felicia. She was later accompanied by Felicia and Hsien-Ko for Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds (2011) and Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 (2011) and by Jedah in Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite (2017); in Marvel vs. Capcom 3, Morrigan's rival is Iron Man. She is the playable sole representative in Tatsunoko Production universe crossovers Tatsunoko vs. Capcom: Cross Generation of Heroes (2008) and Tatsunoko vs. Capcom: Ultimate All-Stars (2010). Morrigan also acts as the sole playable representative of the Darkstalkers series in the SNK vs. Capcom series' entries Capcom vs. SNK: Millennium Fight 2000 and Capcom vs. SNK 2: Mark of the Millennium 2001; she was joined by Felicia and B.B. Hood for SNK vs. Capcom: The Match of the Millennium (1999).

Morrigan has also represented Darkstalkers in non-fighting games, appearing in the crossover tactical role-playing game Namco × Capcom (2005) and the multi-company crossover tactical role-playing games Cross Edge (2008), Project X Zone (2012), and Project X Zone 2 (2015), in all cases appearing with other Darkstalkers personalities, as well as in puzzle games Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo (1996), Street Fighter Puzzle Spirits (2015), and Puzzle Fighter (2017), in a fighting game Super Gem Fighter Mini Mix / Pocket Fighter (1997), in card games SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters Clash (1999) and Street Fighter × All Capcom (2013), in a mobile game Street Fighter Battle Combination (2015), and in a browser-based social card game Onimusha Soul (2014). With all of her appearances in Capcom crossover projects, Morrigan is the single most common Darkstalkers cast member to appear outside of the origin series.

Morrigan is a playable guest character in the Sega Dreamcast port of Psikyo's shoot 'em up game Gunbird 2 (2000), in the North American version of We Love Golf! (2008), and in the Japanese version of action role-playing video game Monster Hunter Frontier (2011). Furthermore, she has her own mobile game, titled Osanpo Morrigan (お散歩モリガン), and made cameo appearances in games such as Street Fighter Alpha 2, Capcom Fighting Evolution, and Scott Pilgrim vs. the World: The Game. Her collaboration guest appearances in mobile social games have included Samurai Kingdom and The Knights of Avalon among others, and her costume can be worn by Chun-Li in Street Fighter V and by Frank West in action-adventure game Dead Rising 4.

Gameplay
Morrigan's "Soul Fist" special move (a giant flaming skull projectile) is very similar to the iconic "Hadouken" fireball from Street Fighter. She is noted to be easy to use and her "Valkyrie Turn" is an especially damaging special move, but is difficult to connect. Her other specials include "Shadow Blade", "Vector Drain", "Shell Kick", "Vernier Dash", "Soul Eraser" and "Darkness Illusion".

Sega Saturn Magazine wrote about Morrigan in Night Warriors: Darkstalkers' Revenge: "Those thinking that Demitri was the Ryu of the [game] should consider Morrigan to be distinctly Ken-like, as she imitates [his] Dragon Punch expertly ... Easy to use, and with a Valkyrie Turn that'll inflict more damage than you thought possible (despite being difficult to connect), Morrigan remains a firm Saturn Mag favourite, not least because of her costume change cheat [code]." MAXIMUM opined Morrigan is "a particularly flexible character" whose "speed and power will often overcome the toughest of enemies. That coupled with a special attack that inflicts up to 17 hits on its own makes her a powerful adversary." According to the Sega Saturn Magazine guide to Darkstalkers 3, her "Dragon Punch ripoffs and fast fireballs put her in the Ryu clone corner, but her flight powers, speed and strength make Morrigan the equal of [the game's boss] Jedah. More powerful than her sister and faster than Demitri, this she-vampire is awesome."

EGM2 called Morrigan in Pocket Fighter a "well-balanced character," having good Supers with "a lot of hits" and "decent" flash combos. Spanish edition of Official Dreamcast Magazine opined Morrigan in Marvel vs. Capcom 2 is "skillful and strong, but doesn't stand out in any way. The Soul Eraser is her best attack, although the rest of Hyper Combos are not bad." In the original Marvel vs. Capcom, Morrigan calls upon Lilith to perform her Hyper Combo "Silhouette Blade". In Marvel vs. Capcom 3, this is replaced by "Shadow Servant", where Morrigan a split version of Morrigan copies all of the attacks of the original one. She also summons Lilith for her Marvel vs. Capcom Hyper Combo "Eternal Slumber" wherein Morrigan seduces her opponent behind a stage curtain.

Other media
The 1997 anime OVA series Night Warriors: Darkstalkers' Revenge features Morrigan like her game appearances, portraying her as an idle rich member of a royal family who is more interested in going to Earth than in her duties. She often leaves at will out of mere boredom, much to the frustration of her guardians, elder men of the Aensland family. Her father, Belial, is not mentioned. Princess Morrigan is shown fighting the werewolf Jon Talbain in the opening of the first three episodes. She seeks to battle the vampire lord Demitri Maximoff when he attempts to return to Makai, but their duel with erotic undertones is interrupted when they are sensed by Huitzil. In the final episode, Morrigan goes to Earth after Demitri was bested by Pyron and she encounters him unconscious in the ruins of his castle. Demitri suddenly awakens and attempts to vampirise Morrigan, but she does not resist, much to his surprise. Morrigan tells Demitri that he may become the leader of Makai after all, since a change of leadership is needed to help its current disarray from falling into destruction. They both later observe Donovan's victory over Pyron. The anime's Morrigan was voiced by Rei Sakuma and dubbed into English by Kathleen Barr.

In the UDON Comics series Darkstalkers, Morrigan is portrayed as a malevolent, evil and amoral succubus unlike the games, who wants nothing more than to visit the human world to eat human souls and dreams, and completely ignores her duty as future ruler of the Makai Realm. Morrigan's attitude annoys her father Belial and gets her two servants, Lucien and Mudo, into trouble. Eventually she hears of Demitri's restoration, and goes to her father to warn him, only to find that he is about to die. She takes on the responsibility that she has often put aside and returns to the human world to fight Demitri, and prove herself worthy of the Makai Realm and the power that Belial sealed away many years ago. In the special issue Morrigan vs Demitri, it is implied that had Belial not sealed away her power, Morrigan might have evolved into a being similar to Pyron and destroyed the Earth and Makai. In the comics, Morrigan's bats are the souls of her human victims, which are not destroyed but remain alive inside her body in a state of eternal bliss and pleasure after she drains them. Aside from consuming souls, Morrigan has no qualms about murdering and taking advantage on humans yet despite this, she sees herself as simply taking people's souls in exchange for eternal bliss." She is also prominently featured in the followup series Darkstalkers: The Night Warriors, in which she, Demitri, Donovan, and Pyron all fight each other. In the later crossover series Street Fighter vs Darkstalkers, Morrigan keeps killing humans until she meets Lilith and finds out about Jedah's plan. Together with her enemy Chun-Li, as well as other uneasy allies, Morrigan and Lilith fight and defeat Jedah, and then they merge, finally restoring Morrigan to her full power. Despite everything she's done, Morrigan gets away with her crimes and is crowned queen of Makai.

Morrigan also appears in the comedic Darkstalkers drama CDs Vampire Knight (ヴァンパイア・ナイト), Darkness Mission (ダークネスミッション) and Dengeki CD Bunko EX: Vampire (電撃CD文庫EX ヴァンパイア), voiced by Rei Sakuma, Kikuko Inoue and Yumi Tōma, as well as in multiple yonkoma parody comics for that were largely compiled from fan submissions. She is often a lead character in various adaptations of Darkstalkers, such as the 1995 manga anthology Dark Angel (闇天使) and Akihiko Ureshino's series of gaiden novels, in particular in 1995's Witch of the Crimson Moon (紅い月の魔女) and 1996's Where the Souls Go (魂の還るところ). Morrigan stars in Run Ishida's 1996 manga which was published in English by Viz Comics in two different versions in 1998 and 2000 as Night Warriors: Darkstalkers' Revenge, spending the entire second half of the 2000 tradeback edition fighting Donovan, as well as in Mami Itou's 1997 Darkstalkers/Red Earth: Maleficarum, a Red Earth crossover manga published in English by UDON Comics in 2010 and was re-released in Japan in 2015. Hiroaki Wakamiya's 1996 manga Victor: Messenger of Doomsday (終末の使者 ビクトル) has Morrigan use her secret identity human persona of the biotechnology researcher Professor Mori to study the human world.

In the U.S. made non-canon cartoon series Darkstalkers, Morrigan was redesigned as character and changed into a villain, voiced by Saffron Henderson. Morrigan's character in the cartoon is jealous, rude, power-hungry and despising humans, especially men. She is implied to actually eat her victims and stated to be a direct descendant of the evil sorceress Morgan le Fay (with the series' protagonist, an original character named Harry Grimoire, being a descendant of Merlin). Her appearance was also altered, making her look slightly older and wear a less revealing costume; GamesRadar commented USA "gave her a look more appropriate for the Wicked Witch of the West than a sexy, soul-sucking, battle-loving demon."

Promotion and reception
Scores of various figures and statuettes of Morrigan were produced by different manufacturers. These include the figures released by Capcom themselves,   Diamond Select Toys, E246, Marvel, Max Factory, Pop Culture Shock Collectibles,  and SOTA Toys among many others. Other Morrigan-themed merchandise include Capcom's wall scrolls and posters,   T-shirts,   covers, a large microfiber towel, and so forth.

Since her debut, Morrigan has been a popular character, resulting in the creation of large amounts of fan works, such as statuetes, cosplays and fan art. In 1996, Mean Machines Sega described her as "one of the most bewitching girl characters ever to appear in gaming", noting her large Japanese fanbase which included men and women. Morrigan is widely seen as the most iconic character of Darkstalkers, arguably even more than the franchise itself, and one of the most popular female characters of video games in general.

Morrigan has featured in many doujinshi unofficial self-published content, including erotic comics and pornographic films. Manga artist Hiroaki Samura, creator of the manga Blade of the Immortal, released his own doujin of the character titled Night of the Succubus. Korean video game artist and Shift Up founder Kim Hyung Tae meanwhile stated her design led him to "see the unique allure of women wearing tights", something that heavily impacted his character designs afterward.

Anthony Gramuglia of CBR noted that Morrigan's popularity not only stemmed from her character, but also the character's popularity in cosplay and fan-art communities. Helen McCarthy's 2009 book 500 Essential Anime Movies: The Ultimate Guide additionally cited Morrigan as an example of the popularity of the Darkstalkers character designs, with fans frequently cosplaying as the character at various conventions since the original game's release.

M. Mar Martínez-Oña and Ana M. Muñoz-Muñoz cited Morrigan as an example of iconography of Lilith, who has been traditionally depicted as a "as a highly eroticized devil, usually figured with horns and wings". They further cited a statement by Dr. Vicent Francesc Zuriaga Senent, who argued modern depictions of devils often showed them as not something to be feared, but to be desired.

title: Morrigan Aensland


text:
Talk:David Suzuki

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Central Station (film)

Central Station (Central do Brasil) is a 1998 road drama film directed by Walter Salles and starring Fernanda Montenegro, Marília Pêra and Vinícius de Oliveira. The screenplay, adapted by João Emanuel Carneiro and Marcos Bernstein from a story by its director Walter Salles, tells the story of a young boy's friendship with a jaded middle-aged woman. Montenegro's performance earned her international critical acclaim and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress (becoming the first and to date only Brazilian actress to ever be nominated in the lead actress category), while the film received a nomination for Best Foreign Language Film.

Plot
Dora is a retired schoolteacher who works at Rio de Janeiro's Central Station, writing letters for illiterate customers to earn a living. Embittered by life, she usually shows a lack of patience with customers and sometimes does not mail the letters she writes, putting them in a drawer or even tearing them up instead. One of her customers is the mother of Josué, a poor 9-year-old boy who hopes to meet his unknown father someday. When she is killed in a bus accident just outside the train station, and Josué is left homeless, Dora feels compelled to take him in. She trafficks him to a corrupt couple but later steals him back out of guilt.

Initially reluctant to be responsible for the boy, Dora eventually decides to accompany him on a trip to northeastern Brazil in search of his father.

Dora tries to leave Josué on the bus, but he follows her, forgetting his backpack containing Dora's money. Penniless, they are picked up by a kind, evangelical truck driver who abandons them when Dora encourages him to drink beer and then grows too friendly. Dora trades her watch for a ride to "Bom Jesus do Norte" (a fictionalized version of Cruzeiro do Nordeste, a district of Sertânia, Pernambuco). They find Josué's father's address in Bom Jesus, but he is gone; the current residents say he won a house in a lottery and moved to the new settlements. With no money, Josué saves them from destitution by suggesting Dora write letters for visitors arriving in Bom Jesus for a massive pilgrimage.

They take the bus to the settlements, but when they locate the address they have for Josué's father, the residents tell them he no longer lives there; they say he has disappeared. Josué tells Dora that he will wait for him, but Dora invites him to live with her. She calls her friend Irene in Rio and asks her to sell her refrigerator, sofa, and television. She says that she will call when she gets settled somewhere. After she hangs up, she learns there are no buses leaving until the next morning.

Isaías, one of Josué's half-brothers, is working on a roof next to the bus stop and learns that they are looking for his father, insisting Dora and Josué come to dinner. They return to his house and meet Moisés, Josué's other half-brother. Later, Isaías explains to Dora that their father Jesus married Ana (who he doesn't know is Josué's mother) after their mother died, and that nine years ago, while pregnant, Ana left him to live in Rio and never returned. Isaías asks Dora to read a letter that his father wrote to Ana when he disappeared, six months ago, in case she returned. In the letter, the boys' father explains that he has gone to Rio to find Ana and the son he never met. He promises to return, asks her to wait for him, and says they can all be together—himself, Ana, Isaías, and Moisés. Dora pauses, looks at Josué, and says, "and Josué, whom I can't wait to meet." Isaías and Josué are sure their father will return, but Moisés does not believe it.

The next morning, while they sleep, Dora sneaks out to catch the bus to Rio. She first leaves behind the letter from Jesus and the one from Ana - the one Dora carried with her from the Central Station but never mailed, expressing Ana's wish for the family to be reunited. Josué wakes up too late to prevent her departure. Dora writes a letter to Josué on the bus. Both are left with the photos they had taken to remember one another.

Cast

 * Fernanda Montenegro as Isadora "Dora" Teixeira
 * Vinícius de Oliveira as Josué Fontenele de Paiva
 * Marília Pêra as Irene
 * Soia Lira as Ana Fontenele
 * Othon Bastos as César
 * Otávio Augusto as Pedrão
 * Stela Freitas as Yolanda
 * Matheus Nachtergaele as Isaías Paiva
 * Caio Junqueira as Moisés Paiva

Production
Being a co-production between Brazil and France, the film was chosen by the French Ministry of Culture to receive resources of Fonds Sud Cinema, for their funding.

Release
Central Station had its world premiere at a regional film festival in Switzerland on 16 January 1998. It was then screened at the Sundance Film Festival on 19 January 1998 and at the 48th Berlin International Film Festival on 14 February 1998.

The film was released in Brazil on 3 April 1998 in 36 theaters.

Box office
The film grossed R$7.7 million (US$4.3 million) from 1.6 million admissions in Brazil, the highest-grossing Brazilian film released during the year.

It was the highest-grossing Brazilian film in the United States with a gross of $6.5 million, surpassing the $3 million earned by the 1976 film Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands. It was surpassed by the 2002 film City of God which grossed $7.5 million. It grossed US$11.7 million in the rest of the world for a worldwide total of US$22,462,500.

Critical response
The film received critical acclaim. Central Station has an approval rating of 94% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 50 reviews, and an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critical consensus states: "Director Salles transcends road-movie clichés and crafts a film that is as moving as it is universal". Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 80 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "generaly favorable reviews".

The film was a New York Times Critics' Pick: according to Janet Maslin, "Mr. Salles directs simply and watchfully, with an eye that seems to penetrate all the characters"; the film features a "bravura performance by the Brazilian actress Fernanda Montenegro." According to Richard Schickel, the film is "an odyssey of simple problems, simple emotional discoveries, [and] a relationship full of knots that Salles permits to unwind in an unforced, unsentimental fashion. His imagery, like his storytelling, is clear, often unaffectedly lovely, and quietly, powerfully haunting. Entertainment Weekly gave the film a grade of A–, concluding "In outline, Central Station recalls many of the bogusly sticky adult–kid bonding tales that have been the bane of foreign cinema for too long, but Salles, like De Sica and Renoir, displays a pure and unpatronizing feel for the poetry of broken lives. His movie is really about that most everyday of miracles: the rebirth of hope."

The film is ranked No. 57 in Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema" in 2010.

title: Central Station (film)


text:
Ashley Lelie

Ashley Jovon Lelie (born February 16, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Hawaii Warriors and was selected by the Denver Broncos in the first round of the 2002 NFL draft with the 19th overall pick.

Lelie also played for the Atlanta Falcons, San Francisco 49ers, Oakland Raiders and was briefly signed by the Kansas City Chiefs, but was released before the 2009 season began.

Early years
Lelie attended Radford High School in Honolulu, Hawaii, and was a three-sport standout in football, track, and basketball. In football, he won All-District and All-State honors. In basketball, he won All-District honors and in track, he won an All-League honors.

In 2006, Lelie donated a scoreboard to his alma mater. Ashley is the son of retired United States Marine Rene Allday Lelie and Annetta Lelie a nurse.

College career
Lelie was a standout wide receiver at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa from 1999 to 2001. He places prominently on Rainbow Warriors' career receiving lists:
 * 8th in career receptions (194)
 * 5th in career receiving yards (3,341)
 * 4th in career receiving touchdowns (32)

NFL career
Lelie was selected by the Denver Broncos with their first pick (19th overall) in the 2002 NFL Draft. He became a starter in 2004 when he recorded his best year with 54 receptions for 1,084 yards.

Lelie became unhappy in Denver at the start of the 2006 season when Denver traded for Javon Walker during the 2006 NFL draft. He skipped training camp and asked to be traded, which led to tension with head coach Mike Shanahan.

Lelie was traded to the Atlanta Falcons in a three-way deal with the Washington Redskins in August 2006, and went on to play as a backup for the San Francisco 49ers and the Oakland Raiders in subsequent seasons.

Coaching career
In 2014 Lelie was hired by the Alabama A&M Bulldogs football team to be their wide receivers coach.

During the 2013 football season Lelie served as the offensive quality control coach for the Nevada Wolf Pack football team under new head coach Brian Polian. Lelie joined former Hawaii teammate and offensive coordinator Nick Rolovich.

title: Ashley Lelie


text:
False Dmitry

The generic name False Dmitry (also Pseudo-Demetrius, Лжедмитрий, Lžedmitrij) refers to various impostors who passed themselves off as the deceased Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia, the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible, and claimed the Russian throne during the Time of Troubles (1598–1613), after the real Dmitry's death at the age of eight in 1591. Each of these impostors claimed to have miraculously escaped the assassination attempt that appeared to have claimed Dmitry's life, and, in the case of II and III, also to have escaped the assassinations that subsequently targeted I and II.

Several people impersonated Dmitry Ivanovich, most prominently:

 * False Dmitry I (1582–1606), who actually became Tsar of all Russia and reigned 1605–1606
 * False Dmitry II, active 1607–1610
 * False Dmitry III, active 1611–1612
 * False Dmitry IV, active 1611–1612 (some argue that False Dmitry IV is just False Dmitry III due to bad record keeping)

title: False Dmitry


text:
Talk:Ticker-tape parade

untitled
from the article: "still most closely associated with New York City"
 * I've never heard of ticker-tape parades outside New York City. Do they really exist?--Pharos 20:47, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I too would certainly like to hear about any ones that definitely existed elsewhere. It is somewhat tricky, phrasing the article to reflect truthfulness right now. I wrote most of that article and created the list. It's difficult for me to imagine that there has never been a ticker-tape parade outside New York City. Perhaps it is true. While doing research, I heard of ones elsewhere, for example in Washington, D.C. in previous decades. I couldn't confirm if they were indeed ticker-tape parades. I was somewhat skeptical: The buildings along K-Street, for example, historically could perhaps provide enough of a "canyon" for one. On the other hand, it may been that the writer simply was using the term more generically. I no longer have the reference at hand, unfortunately. There's certainly no reason that such a parade could not have been given in Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, Los Angeles and other cities, which have wide, straight thoroughfares and have had high-enough office buildings for most of the 20th century. In some cases, in the days before national television coverage of these things, prominent honorees of parades made "parade circuits" (my phrase), getting honored in multiple cities around the country, as did Dwight Eisenhower, Charles Lindbergh. the Apollo 11 astronauts.  Perhaps the concept has been picked up in foreign capitals as well. I don't know, But given the evidence I had while researching it, it was definitely not possible to claim that they existed only in New York City. On the other hand, it is almost certain that the vast majority of them that have occurred were in New York City, and it's important to mention that somehow while remaining truthful. -- Decumanus 22:25, 2004 Nov 29 (UTC)

 * They do indeed exist in other cities. Chicago gave one for the 2005 World Series Champion Chicago White Sox on October 28, 2005. The route for the ticker-tape leg of the journey followed La Salle St. from the Chicago Board of Trade(Jackson Ave.) to the Chicago River (Wacker Drive). It was preceded by a trip from U.S. Cellular Field through the neighborhoods of South Chicago and followed by a rally. Way to go, Sox!

 * The 1985-1986 Super Bowl XX Champion Chicago Bears were given one as well. (The Chicago Bulls Basketball team had rallies after their 6 championship victories but no parades).

Logistics?
Can someone add something about the logistics of such a parade? Are certain parades officially delegated as "ticker tape"? By whom? Where does the ticker tape come from these days, when stock tickers are no longer in use? Who throws it down -- private companies along the route, city employees, volunteers on the roofs...? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.170.43.18 (talk) 08:19, 8 August 2013 (UTC)

Roman analogy
Is there any reference to the resemblance between the tradition of the roman triumph and the american ticker-tape parade ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.221.39.145 (talk) 01:17, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

Found something : http://books.google.ca/books?id=CKAvZ0U7d7sC&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=roman+triumph+ticker-tape+parade&source=bl&ots=L85eX5bH2j&sig=slr6IZw2bknuaj6Fpnw0QaqWZgE&hl=fr&ei=VWSNSo3fNYvOlAe-o52nDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=roman%20triumph%20ticker-tape%20parade&f=false 216.221.39.145 (talk) 15:00, 20 August 2009 (UTC) Luc D.

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title: Talk:Ticker-tape parade


text:
List of political parties in Anguilla

This article lists political parties in Anguilla.

Due to holding elections under forms of first-past-the-post, Anguilla has a two-party system, which means that there are two dominant political parties, with it being extremely difficult for anybody to achieve electoral success under the banner of any other party.

Other parties

 * Anguilla Patriotic Movement
 * Anguilla Strategic Alliance
 * Anguilla United Movement
 * Movement for Grassroots Democracy

title: List of political parties in Anguilla


text:
Nishimachi International School

Nishimachi International School (西町インターナショナルスクール), established in 1949, is an international school located in the Azabu area of Tokyo, Japan. Co-educational, non-sectarian, private K-9 day school. The main language of instruction is in English. Japanese is taught to all students every day from beginner to native speaker level.

History
Nishimachi International School was founded by Tané Matsukata, granddaughter of former Prime Minister of Japan Matsukata Masayoshi, and sister of Haru M. Reischauer, wife of former United States Ambassador to Japan Edwin O. Reischauer.

Tané Matsukata returned to Japan after seventeen years in the U.S., where she received her education and spent the war years. She found Tokyo still badly scarred from the war although the slow process of rebuilding had begun. In discussion with friends, she began to realize the important role that education would play in the reconstruction process. Together they explored the alternatives and concluded that a new approach other than traditional education was needed, one that stressed the human side of learning and had peaceful coexistence with others as an objective. Learning a second language, in this case English, was step one in the educational process. They saw this as fundamental to extending the children's understanding beyond the boundaries of their own culture and into other cultures. They hired a teacher for Japanese, and the school that was eventually to become Nishimachi opened its doors to its first four students. Matsukata is related by marriage to the late Harvard professor, Edwin O. Reischauer.

Details
The Nishimachi school year, for grades 1-9, begins on August 23, and finishes on June 16. Middle school students enjoy dances, a week-long ski trip, Kazuno, and many other holidays and traditions. Ninth graders participate in a service-learning trip to Cambodia and volunteer at the Kirivorn School, a rural school that Nishimachi students fundraised to build and maintain. Nishimachi owns a piece of land in Kazuno, Gunma Prefecture about 3 hours travel away from the city. The land belonged to Ryoichiro Arai, Tané Matsukata's maternal grandfather who was a silk producer. In 1945, the women and children of the Matsukata family moved to this farmhouse to seek refuge from the US bombings of Tokyo. Today, the property has been converted to a camp that includes a main house, a traditional Japanese farmhouse that has been converted for additional sleeping accommodations, and a renovated traditional Japanese storage house (okura)that was used by Ryoichiro Arai. The main house has two rooms and bunk beds on the first floor, and a kitchen and dining room on the second floor. The farmhouse has four rooms of tatami with wooden screens that can be pulled away to open up the room.

Accreditation
Nishimachi International School is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and the Council of International Schools (CIS), and is a member of the Japan Council of International Schools (JCIS) and the East Asia Regional Council of Overseas School (EARCOS).

Facilities
The campus is located in central Tokyo and comprises six buildings: the Matsukata House, the Ushiba Memorial Gymnasium/auditorium, the kindergarten building in the nearby Moto Azabu Hills complex, the primary building, the upper elementary/middle school building, and the Yashiro Media Center. Matsukata House was the original family residence of Nishimachi's founder, Tané Matsukata, and now serves as the school's main administrative building. The Yashiro Media Center, housed in its own three-floor building, contains about 18,000 books, 70% in English and 30% in Japanese, and uses the Dewey Decimal System. Nishimachi's outdoor education center, Camp Rioichiro Arai "Kazuno," is in Gunma Prefecture, 150 kilometers northwest of Tokyo.

Matsukata House
The core of the facilities is the Matsukata House, built in 1921 as a three-story wooden colonial style house with a basement. Shokuma and Miyo Matsukata, the parents of Tané Matsukata, commissioned the American architect William M. Vories (1880–1964) to design the house. Takenaka Komuten (the Takenaka Corporation) built the house. Seismic tests in 2008 revealed flaws that resulted in the closure of the house until it could be reinforced in 2009.

Notable alumni

 * Conrad Anker (mountaineer)
 * Tom Cochran (Obama administration official)
 * Shingo Francis (artist, son of artist Sam Francis)
 * Joi Ito (former director of MIT Media Lab)
 * Mizuko Ito (anthropologist)
 * Sachi Parker (actress)
 * Leo Rubinfien (photographer)
 * Rick Soo (Tohoku Free Blades) (professional hockey player)
 * Inga Thommessen (singer/songwriter)
 * Naoko Yoshino (harpist)

title: Nishimachi International School


text:
Toot

Toot may refer to:

Places

 * Toot or Tut, Markazi, a village in Iran
 * Mount Victoria Tunnel, a road tunnel in Wellington, New Zealand, colloquially known as "Toot Tunnel"
 * Toot Oilfield, an oil field in northern Pakistan
 * Toot Sahib, a temple in Amritsar, Punjab, India

People with the name

 * Don Cahoon (born 1949), American retired college ice hockey coach, nicknamed "Toot"
 * Madelyn Dunham (1922–2008), grandmother of U.S. president Barack Obama, nicknamed "Toot"

Fictional characters

 * Toot, the title character of Toot the Tiny Tugboat, a British children's animated television series
 * Toot, in Holly Hobbie's Toot & Puddle children's book series
 * Toot Braunstein, in the animated series Drawn Together

Music

 * "Toot", a song by Brant Bjork from the 1999 album Jalamanta

Other uses

 * Toot, to "pass gas"; flatulence
 * Toot, to play a horn (instrument)
 * Toot, the historical term for messages posted on Mastodon (social network)
 * Toot, to sound an automobile or vehicle horn

title: Toot


text:
Ivan Smirnov

Ivan Smirnov may refer to:

 * Ivan Smirnov (politician) (1881–1936), Russian revolutionary
 * Ivan Fyodorovich Smirnov (1885–1919), Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik
 * Ivan Smirnov (aviator) (1895–1956), Russian pilot
 * Ivan Smirnov (guitar player) (1955–2018), Russian guitarist
 * Ivan Smirnov (cyclist) (born 1999), Russian cyclist

title: Ivan Smirnov


text:
Central Station

Central station is a common name for a railway station.

Central Station may also refer to:

Africa

 * Maputo Central Railway Station, Mozambique

Hong Kong

 * Central station (MTR), on the MTR metro system

India

 * Chennai Central railway station
 * Chennai Central metro station
 * Mangalore Central railway station
 * Mumbai Central railway station
 * Mumbai Central metro station
 * Central metro station, of Kolkata Metro Line 1, in Kolkata
 * Central Park metro station, of Kolkata Metro Line 2, in Kolkata

Malaysia

 * Kuala Lumpur Central Railway Station (LRT, MRT, Airport Line, bus and monorail)
 * Putrajaya Central Station (MRT, Airport Line, bus and proposed tram)
 * Kepong Central Station (Commuter and MRT)
 * Penang Central Station (Bus, ferry and proposed LRT and HSR)
 * Johor Bahru Central Railway Station (RTS, BRT, bus and CIQ to Singapore)
 * Kwasa Sentral MRT station (MRT and bus hub)

Philippines

 * Central Terminal station (Line 1), in Manila

Taiwan

 * Central Signal railway station, in Shihzih Township, Pingtung County

Thailand

 * Bang Sue Central Station
 * Bangkok Railway Station

Belgium

 * Antwerpen-Centraal railway station, in Antwerp
 * Brussels Central Station

Denmark

 * Aarhus Central Station, in Aarhus
 * Copenhagen Central Station, in Copenhagen

Finland

 * Helsinki Central railway station
 * Central Railway Station metro station (Helsinki)

Netherlands

 * Amsterdam Centraal station
 * Amersfoort Centraal railway station
 * Arnhem Centraal railway station
 * Den Haag Centraal railway station (line E)
 * Eindhoven Centraal railway station
 * Leiden Centraal railway station
 * Rotterdam Centraal station (lines D and E)
 * Utrecht Centraal railway station

Norway

 * Oslo Central Station, in Oslo
 * Trondheim Central Station, in Trondheim

United Kingdom

 * Belfast Central railway station, now named Lanyon Place railway station
 * Birkenhead Central railway station
 * Burnley Central railway station
 * Cardiff Central railway station
 * Central railway station (London), closed
 * Coatbridge Central railway station
 * Dumbarton Central railway station
 * Exeter Central railway station
 * Finchley Central tube station
 * Folkestone Central railway station
 * Gainsborough Central railway station
 * Glasgow Central station
 * Gravesend railway station, once called Gravesend Central
 * Greenock Central railway station
 * Hackney Central railway station
 * Hamilton Central railway station
 * Heathrow Central railway station
 * Helensburgh Central railway station
 * Hendon Central tube station
 * Hounslow Central tube station
 * Hyde Central railway station
 * Leicester Central railway station
 * Lincoln Central railway station
 * Liverpool Central railway station
 * Manchester Central railway station
 * Milton Keynes Central railway station
 * New Mills Central railway station
 * Newcastle railway station, formerly Newcastle Central
 * Central Station Metro station (Tyne and Wear Metro)
 * Partick Central railway station, (closed)
 * Redcar Central railway station
 * Rugby Central railway station, (closed)
 * Rotherham Central railway station
 * St Helens Central railway station
 * St Helens Central (GCR) railway station
 * Southend Central railway station
 * Southampton Central railway station
 * Telford Central railway station
 * Tunbridge Wells railway station, once called Tunbridge Wells Central
 * Walthamstow Central station
 * Warrington Central railway station
 * Wembley Central station
 * Windsor & Eton Central railway station
 * Wrexham Central railway station

Canada

 * Central station (Edmonton), Alberta
 * Coquitlam Central station, British Columbia
 * Kitchener Central Station, Ontario
 * Ottawa Central Station, a former intercity bus station (closed 2021 and demolished)
 * Montreal Central Station, Quebec
 * Pacific Central Station, Vancouver, British Columbia
 * Surrey Central station, British Columbia

Cuba

 * Havana Central railway station

Mexico

 * Central metro station (Monterrey)
 * Eje Central metro station, Mexico City

United States

 * Arizona
 * Central Station, in Phoenix
 * California
 * Central Station (Los Angeles), in Los Angeles
 * Florida
 * Central station (Jacksonville Skyway), in Jacksonville
 * Illinois
 * Central Station, Chicago, a neighborhood in Chicago
 * Central Station (Chicago terminal), in Chicago
 * Central station (CTA Green Line), in Chicago
 * Central station (CTA Congress Line), in Chicago
 * Central station (CTA Purple Line), in Evanston
 * Grand Central Station (Chicago), station for Baltimore and Ohio and other railroads, to 1969
 * Great Central Station, station in Chicago for Illinois Central and other railroads in the latter half of the nineteenth century
 * Kentucky
 * Central Station (Louisville), in Louisville
 * Massachusetts
 * South Station, in Boston, (at one point called South Central Station)
 * Central Station, a proposed station in Boston
 * Central station (MBTA), in Cambridge
 * Central Avenue station (MBTA), in Milton
 * Minnesota
 * Central station (Metro Transit), in St. Paul
 * Michigan
 * Michigan Central Station, in Detroit
 * New York
 * Buffalo Central Terminal, in Buffalo
 * Grand Central Terminal, in New York City
 * Central Avenue station (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line), in Brooklyn
 * Tennessee
 * Memphis Central Station, in Memphis
 * Texas
 * Fort Worth Central Station, in Fort Worth
 * Central Station (Houston), in Houston

Australia

 * Central railway station, Brisbane
 * Central railway station, Sydney
 * Gawler Central railway station, Adelaide
 * Melbourne Central railway station
 * Springfield Central railway station, Ipswich
 * Wynnum Central railway station, Brisbane

Argentina

 * Central Station (Buenos Aires), former railway station

Brazil

 * Central station (Belo Horizonte Metro)
 * Central station (Federal District Metro)

Structures, establishments

 * Central Station (Sebring, Florida), U.S., a historic fire station
 * Central Police Station (Hong Kong) or Tai Kwun, a cultural and shopping destination
 * Alarm monitoring center, also called a central monitoring station
 * Power stations used to be referred to as central stations, particularly in the United States
 * Central Station (gay club, Moscow, Russia), a bar and night club in Moscow
 * Central Station (gay club, Saint-Petersburg, Russia), a bar and night club in Saint Petersburg

Art and literature

 * Central Station (film), a 1998 Brazilian film by Walter Salles
 * "Central Station", a song by May-a from the 2021 EP Don't Kiss Ur Friends
 * "Central Station", a song by the Boat People from the 2005 album Yesyesyesyesyes
 * "Central Station", a song by Skipping Girl Vinegar from the 2011 album Keep Calm Carry the Monkey
 * Central Station, a 2016 novel by Lavie Tidhar
 * Central Station Records, an Australian dance music label

Other

 * Central Station (online service), a network gaming portal for the PlayStation 2
 * Central Station Design, a design company in Manchester, England

title: Central Station


text:
Charles Knowlton

Charles Knowlton (May 10, 1800 – February 20, 1850) was an American physician and writer.

Education
Knowlton was born May 10, 1800, in Templeton, Massachusetts. His parents were Stephen and Comfort (White) Knowlton; his grandfather Ezekiel Knowlton was a captain in the revolution and a long-time state legislator. Knowlton attended local schools, then New Salem Academy. At age 18, he taught school briefly in Alstead, New Hampshire. As a young man, Knowlton was extremely concerned about his health. This led him to spend time with Richard Stuart, a “jack of all trades” in Winchendon who was experimenting with electricity. Knowlton married Stuart's daughter, Tabitha, and his condition was instantly cured.

Knowlton studied medicine with several area doctors, and attended two terms of 14-week “medical lectures” at Dartmouth. He supplemented his education by digging up and dissecting corpses. Knowlton was awarded his M.D. in 1824, moved to Hawley, Massachusetts, to begin his practice, and then served two months in the Worcester County jail for illegal dissection.

Modern Materialism
While in jail, Knowlton formulated ideas that he eventually published as Elements of Modern Materialism in 1829. The book challenges the religious dualism of body and spirit, and Knowlton presents a psychological theory that has been described as “early behaviorism.” Knowlton moved his family to North Adams, Massachusetts, in 1827, to be closer to a printer. In the summer of 1829, he took “one-horse load” of books down to New York city. He failed to sell any, but probably visited local freethinkers like Robert Dale Owen. Knowlton named his second son Stephen Owen, after his father and his friend. Knowlton was convinced Modern Materialism would make him as famous as John Locke, whom he quotes on the title page.

The Fruits of Philosophy
In 1832, Knowlton moved his family and medical practice to Ashfield, Massachusetts. A year later, the town's new minister, Mason Grosvenor, began a campaign against "infidelity and licentiousness," targeting Knowlton as its source. Knowlton had written a little book entitled, The Fruits of Philosophy, or the Private Companion of Young Married People, and had been showing it to his patients. It contained a summary of what was then known about the physiology of conception, listed a number of methods to treat infertility and impotence, and explained a method of birth control he had developed: to wash out the vagina after intercourse with certain chemical solutions.

Knowlton was prosecuted and fined in Taunton, Massachusetts for the book. Abner Kneeland printed a second edition of Fruits of Philosophy in Boston in 1832, allowing it a wider circulation than the few closely guarded copies Knowlton had been lending to patients. This led to Knowlton's imprisonment in Cambridge at “hard labor” for three months, and was a central issue in Kneeland's blasphemy trial in 1838. Reverend Grosvenor filed a complaint against Knowlton in Franklin County, but after two juries failed to convict him, the charges were dropped. Grosvenor left Ashfield, and became a general agent for the Aetna insurance company.

Later life
Knowlton became the leading country doctor in western Massachusetts, with a “ride” that covered thirty towns. He contributed several articles to the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, as well as Kneeland's freethought paper, the Boston Investigator. Knowlton was an officer of several freethinking societies in New England and New York, and founded “The Friends of Mental Liberty” in Greenfield in 1845. In addition to affirming its members' right of "freely enquiring into the truth of all religions which claim to be a Revelation from some intelligent being superior to man," the group's Constitution declared that "Female members of this Society shall enjoy the same rights and privileges as male members."

Knowlton died on February 20, 1850. Twenty-seven years later, Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant were tried in London for publishing Knowlton's Fruits of Philosophy there. The book had been selling in moderate numbers in the interim, but the publicity from the Bradlaugh-Besant trial made it an overnight bestseller. Its circulation increased from an average of 700 per year to 125,000 in just one year. Besant subsequently published her own birth control manual.

Writings

 * Elements of Modern Materialism (Adams, Mass.: Oakey, 1829)
 * Fruits of Philosophy (1891 Bradlaugh-Besant Reprint) Html version.

title: Charles Knowlton


text: User:Tracer bullet

title: User:Tracer bullet


text:
Reuben Droughns

Reuben Droughns (born August 21, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football for the Oregon Ducks, he was selected by the Detroit Lions in the third round of the 2000 NFL draft. During his nine years playing professional football, Droughns was also a member of the Miami Dolphins, Denver Broncos, Cleveland Browns, and New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He earned a Super Bowl ring with the Giants in their Super Bowl XLII victory against the New England Patriots.

Following his playing career, Droughns worked as an assistant coach for the Serbian team Vukovi Beograd, the two-time champions of the Central European Football League (CEFL) from 2010-2013.

Early life
Born in Chicago, Droughns moved from the Midwest to Orange County, California where he attended Anaheim High School (Anaheim, California) and was a student and a letterman in football and wrestling. In football, he rushed for 49 touchdowns and 4,915 yards, which ranked as the second-most yards gained in Orange County high school football history when he ended his prep career. He was voted All-Orange County and All-CIF twice and All-Orange League three times, including Back of the Year honors as a senior. Droughns was also an accomplished wrestler, winning the CIF-Southern Section title in 1996 (Division I - 189 pounds) during his senior year.

College career
Droughns played college football at the University of Oregon in 1998 and 1999 and was a two-year starter. In his first game for the Ducks, he ran for 202 yards and two scores in a 48-14 rout of Michigan State. Although he missed one game and most of another due to an ankle injury, he would run for 214 yards and three touchdowns in a 63-28 blowout win over Stanford and then 217 yards and three scores on the road against Washington State. One of his most impressive performances came at UCLA, where he ran for 172 yards and a score despite fracturing his right fibula late in the contest (a 41-38 overtime loss), an injury that would force him to miss the rest of the season. Despite the injury, Droughns was still named second team All-Pac-10 for his junior season. Droughns had 1,234 yards and nine touchdowns on 277 carries (4.5) as a senior, including rushing for over 200 yards in three contests, and was a first-team All-Pac-10 choice as a senior. Droughns was a history major at Oregon.

At Merced Junior College, he was a first team JUCO All-America selection as a sophomore after leading the nation in yards in 1997 with 1,611 while also scoring 13 touchdowns and leading the state of California in all-purpose yardage with 1,984 despite missing three games with a broken hand. Prep Star Magazine deemed him the nation's top JUCO running back after that campaign. Droughns was also an honorable mention All-American as a freshman, when he led the Blue Devils in rushing with 1,456 yards and 14 TDs.

2000 season
Droughns was selected by the Detroit Lions in the third round (81st pick overall) of the 2000 NFL draft. Droughns spent the 2000 season on injured reserve after separating his right shoulder on his first carry in Detroit's opening preseason game against the New England on August 4, then placed on injured reserve August 22.

2001 season
During the 2001 season, he played in nine games and started three for the Lions, rushing for 72 yards on 30 carries (2.4) and catching four passes for 21 yards (5.3) and a touchdown. He was waived by Detroit after Week 1 and was signed to Miami's practice squad on September 18 before being re-signed by the Lions on October 9.

2002-2004 seasons
Droughns played for the Denver Broncos for three seasons from 2002 to 2004. Although originally intended to be a fullback, he ultimately rushed for 1,240 yards in 2004. He also tied a playoff franchise record by returning 6 kickoffs in the wildcard loss to Indianapolis, January 4, 2004. Despite this production, Droughns was not guaranteed the starting job for the 2005 season, so he asked for a trade.

2005-2006 seasons
Droughns was traded to the Cleveland Browns on March 30, 2005, for defensive linemen Ebenezer Ekuban and Michael Myers. In 2005 he became the first Browns player to gain 1,000 yards rushing in a season since Earnest Byner and Kevin Mack both achieved the feat in 1985.

2007-2008 seasons
On March 9, 2007, Droughns was traded to the New York Giants in exchange for wide receiver Tim Carter. Droughns battled Derrick Ward for the back-up job but became the third running back for the Giants, and helped the Giants replace the retired Tiki Barber. However, due to his poor performances throughout the year, he dropped to fourth on the Giants depth chart behind rookie Ahmad Bradshaw, and was replaced by Domenik Hixon as kick returner after similar special-teams performances. He was however, primarily used as a goal-line/third down back for most of the regular season, recording a team-leading 6 touchdowns for the season. During the 2008 preseason, the emergence of D.J. Ware dropped Droughns to fifth on the Giants depth chart at running back, but he managed to make the final 53-man roster playing primarily on special teams.

Droughns was released by the Giants on February 9, 2009.

title: Reuben Droughns


text:
One True Thing

One True Thing is a 1998 American drama film directed by Carl Franklin. It tells the story of a woman in her 20s who is forced to put her life on hold in order to care for her mother, who is dying of cancer. The script was adapted by Karen Croner from the novel by Anna Quindlen, with the story being based on Quindlen's own struggle with the death of her mother, Prudence Pantano Quindlen, from ovarian cancer in 1972.

The film stars Meryl Streep, Renée Zellweger, William Hurt, and Tom Everett Scott. Bette Midler sings the lead song, "My One True Friend", over the end credits. The track was first released on Midler's 1998 album Bathhouse Betty. The film was shot in Morristown, New Jersey and Maplewood, New Jersey, as well as at the campus of Princeton University.

Plot
Ellen Gulden has a high-pressure job writing for New York magazine. Ellen is visiting her family home for her father George's surprise birthday party. It becomes obvious that she deeply admires George, a once-celebrated novelist and literature professor at Princeton University, but Ellen has barely restrained disdain for her mother, Kate, and the domestic life she lives.

When it is discovered that Kate has cancer, George pressures Ellen to come home and take care of her mother. Ellen is taken aback by this request, knowing it could jeopardize her career and love interest. However, she eventually agrees, caving into her father's appeals and inducements.

As Ellen helps her mother with domestic chores while her father goes about his usual business without helping much, Ellen begins to reassess her views of her parents. She realizes she always brushed her mother aside and idealized her father, despite his self-centered focus on his career and, she discovers, a longtime habit of having flings with his female students.

Ellen attempts to find a place for herself in her parents' life while struggling to continue writing on a freelance basis and maintain her relationship with her boyfriend in New York. Over time, Ellen grows closer to her mother and learns more about her parents' marriage—including realizing that Kate has known about George's affairs all along. Ellen also learns that her father's philandering days have become lonely nights of drinking at a local bar to numb the pain of never again achieving success with, nor even being able to complete, further novels. George admits to Ellen the reason he loved Kate was that she was full of light shining through everything, and he could not bear the thought of her light slipping away.

As her mother is dying, Ellen tells her she loves her, and Kate says she knew it and always had. At the funeral, Ellen ends her relationship with her boyfriend.

After Kate's death, the autopsy reveals that Kate actually died of morphine overdose. A district attorney questions Ellen about her mother's death. Scenes from this interview are interspersed throughout the movie and raise the suspicion that Ellen assisted her mother's suicide. In the closing scene, by Kate's grave, Ellen has returned from a new job she found in New York with the Village Voice. She is planting daffodils when her father approaches and tells her that she was very brave to do what she did. She looks puzzled until she realizes George thinks she had given her mother the fatal overdose. Ellen replies that she had thought the accomplice was the father. They both realize Kate must have killed herself.

George speaks to Ellen about how much he loved Kate, considering her his muse, his "one true thing." Ellen explains to her father how to plant the daffodil bulbs and he helps her, foreshadowing their reconciliation based on a mutual and long-overdue appreciation of Kate.

Cast

 * Meryl Streep as Kate Gulden
 * Renée Zellweger as Ellen Gulden
 * William Hurt as George Gulden
 * Tom Everett Scott as Brian Gulden
 * Lauren Graham as Jules
 * Nicky Katt as Jordan Belzer
 * James Eckhouse as District Attorney
 * Gerrit Graham as Oliver Most
 * Patrick Breen as Mr. Tweedy
 * Julianne Nicholson as College student

Critical response
One True Thing received mostly favorable reviews from critics, with Streep being the subject of acclaim for bringing warmth and natural energy instead of appearing cold and technical. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 87% based on reviews from 61 critics. The site's consensus states: "Solid performances lift this drama to a higher level." The similar site Metacritic grades it 63 out of 100 based on reviews from 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "A" on a scale of A to F.

Todd McCarthy of Variety called it "sensitively written, fluidly directed and expertly acted." Roger Ebert, reviewing the film for the Chicago Sun-Times, commended it for rising above the level of a soap through pure craftsmanship, and awarded the film three stars out of four.

Mick LaSalle in the San Francisco Chronicle declared, "After One True Thing, critics who persist in the fiction that Streep is a cold and technical actress will need to get their heads examined. She is so instinctive and natural – so thoroughly in the moment and operating on flights of inspiration – that she's able to give us a woman who's at once wildly idiosyncratic and utterly believable." Los Angeles Times film critic Kenneth Turan noted, "[Streep's role] is one of the least self-consciously dramatic and surface showy of her career, but Streep adds a level of honesty and reality that makes [her performance] one of her most moving." Among the few negative reviews, Salon.com's Andrew O'Hehir complained that the movie "really has no plot", and found director Carl Franklin unable to properly connect with his cast.

Accolades
Streep was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film, but lost out to Gwyneth Paltrow for her role in Shakespeare in Love.

title: One True Thing