text:
User talk:Ghirlandajo

ARCHIVES:

 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Winter 2005
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Summer 2005
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Autumn 2005
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Christmas 2005
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Winter 2006
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Spring 2006
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Summer 2006
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Autumn 2006
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Winter 2007
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Spring 2007
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/Summer 2007
 * User talk:Ghirlandajo/2008

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Nomination for merging of Template:Pontic colonies
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Speedy deletion nomination of File:Nikulin.jpg

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 * For the record, there is a 7-day waiting period before this file should be deleted. Writ Keeper ⚇♔ 13:41, 24 May 2018 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Geltzer.jpg
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Ezra Pound
Did you realize that there's a discussion on the talk. Feel free to join. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 16:08, 21 July 2018 (UTC)

Just a formality, as it seems you haven't been notified. –dlthewave ☎ 16:20, 21 July 2018 (UTC)

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan
Thanks for your contributions today, even though you mention above a dislike for Repin. It is good to have input from a Russian speaker. I get the impression that the article is depending slightly too much on English sources at the moment, and there must be more that could be added from Russian language sources. 213.205.240.133 (talk) 08:42, 15 August 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Ilyinsky.jpg

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Problem editor and the article on the Orthodox brotherhood
Regarding the edits to the article on the Orthodox brotherhood, see User talk:Ymblanter.-- Toddy1 (talk) 19:30, 19 September 2018 (UTC)

Rouen edit
Hello- What edit are you "reverting" with this edit? I went back in the history a bit and don't see a deletion that your edit restores. Eric talk 02:13, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
 * The history section was destroyed in May 2017. See Talk:Rouen. I restored an older, more concise version (with slight tweaks). --Ghirla-трёп- 07:14, 15 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks, I see now. I didn't go that far back. Eric talk 12:51, 15 October 2018 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Alexander Dmitriev-Mamonov.jpg

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"Happiness (1934 film)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Happiness (1934 film). Since you had some involvement with the Happiness (1934 film) redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. PC78 (talk) 10:40, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

Eugene Pick
Good to see your signature on the ref desk, reminds me to look at the Russian WP articles for sources. I ran across Eugene Pick's name the other day and remembered i was supposed to write an article. Working on it, but you might say i'm a slow writer.

If you've got time could you comment at Talk:Chuchuna That put Ilya Samuilovich Gurvich ru:Гурвич, Илья Самуилович on the todo list also. Thanks.—eric 17:36, 2 February 2020 (UTC)

Nomination for merging of Template:Baltic emporia
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Nomination for merging of Template:Viking ring fortresses
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"Great Soviet Encylopaedia" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Great Soviet Encylopaedia. Since you had some involvement with the Great Soviet Encylopaedia redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Regards, SONIC  678  15:15, 15 April 2020 (UTC)

Manu Dibango
Если никто не напишет недели за две, то переведу отсюда, хорошо. Просто если сейчас загляну в русскую Википедию, то опять надолго выйду из строя. Да и не планирую я туда полноценно возвращаться без очистки логов. (Я в мае намечал здесь создать страниц 50–100 из старых планов/запасов... Для десятка страниц даже заготовки уже были. Теперь, конечно, так много создать не получится, но хоть что-то.) --Moscow Connection (talk) 08:25, 18 May 2020 (UTC)

Help with ambiguous word
Hello, Ghirlandajo! First, не понимаю по-русский (the only Russian sentence I learned as a child.)

I read that you have absented yourself from the English Wikipedia, but I'm hoping you might still answer a question. Typo team/moss found an unexpected word in the article A Sportsman's Sketches, a page that you have modified in the past. The section in question reads: Bailiff Story about the bailiff (Sofron) of a landowner friend of the narrator who is more in control of the land than Arkady Penochkin. He uses the peasants and steals their money from loans. This story was an  angreement , though not explicit, of a letter written in response to Gogol's Slavophile tendencies. This story is one of the most vivid examples of the peasantry's exploitation.

The word in blue is unclear. The most similar word would be "agreement", but I wondered about "arrangement", or even "adaptation". Can you help clarify this? Thanks. - Jkgree (talk) 22:17, 1 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Hello, the misspelled word was added in 2006 by an anonymous editor. I have no idea what he had in mind. Ghirla-трёп- 07:13, 2 June 2020 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. I guess I'll wing it. - Jkgree (talk) 15:13, 2 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Whoops! I see you already took care of it.  Thanks! - Jkgree (talk) 15:16, 2 June 2020 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Molvinsky Column in Catherinehof, St Petersburg.jpg
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Armenia/Azerbaijan discretionary sanctions
Cabayi (talk) 18:09, 1 October 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Lopuhina.jpg

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Category:Merchant courts has been nominated for deletion
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Muscovy
Hello! Your edit summary is odd, based on the article Grand Duchy of Moscow, it was established in 1263? The source is also pretty explicit in naming Muscovy, not Russia in general. Can you explain further why you changed it? Does the article on the Grand Duchy of Moscow need to be corrected? Constantine  ✍  10:40, 11 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Answered at Talk:Nicolò Navazosio Ghirla-трёп- 11:23, 14 February 2021 (UTC)

FAR notice
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Anna of Russia
Anna was famed for her big cheek, "which, as shown in her portraits", says Thomas Carlyle, "was comparable to a Westphalian ham".

Was that some sort of joke?--Quisqualis (talk) 23:35, 4 October 2021 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Kirillov2005.jpg
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Abbey Sozan
Does this mean that the French-language article Abbaye de Sozan should also be deleted? What about the part in in pectore where it says the Prince-Abbot of Sozan was created a cardinal in pectore? Or the Sozan-related files in the Commons? -- Orange Mike |  Talk  23:37, 16 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Of course it should. File:Eglise abbatiale du chapitre Saint-Michel de Sozan.jpg represents an ordinary parish church (according to the Ukrainian Wikipedia, consecrated in 1821). I guess it should be renamed. Ghirla-трёп- 19:51, 17 June 2022 (UTC)

File:Tilzit.jpg listed for discussion
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File:Portrait of Count Nicholas Kamensky (btw. 1807 and 1810).jpg listed for discussion
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Category:Russian and Soviet theatre directors has been nominated for merging
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Proposed deletion of File:Litovchenka.jpg

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Orphaned non-free image File:Nekrasovtomb.jpg
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Nomination of Great Depression in Central Europe for deletion
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Happy New Year, Ghirlandajo!

Happy New Year! Ghirlandajo, Have a prosperous, productive and enjoyable New Year, and thanks for your contributions to Wikipedia.

— Moops  ⋠ T ⋡ 15:29, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

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"Kremlin Palace" listed at Redirects for discussion
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Good article reassessment for Onion dome
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Category:Rurikids has been nominated for merging
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File:Bogoroditsk.jpg listed for discussion
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Sourcing on some old information about GUM
Hello! There is a user who has been cleaning up some articles apparently, and removing unsourced materials. I saw this type of removal on the article about GUM (department store). The information is interesting, so I am curious if you have a citation for it anyway (perhaps from a Russian language source?). Your insertion was here, all the way back in 2006 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GUM_%28department_store%29&diff=prev&oldid=53153064. Cheers! Top5a (talk) 07:45, 31 August 2023 (UTC)

 * This is an LTA, all removals mortivated by OR must be rolled back. They changes the IP addresses daily which makes the tracking more difficult. Ymblanter (talk) 21:26, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much. I am an inexperienced editor, yet I see so much abuse in this manner (you can probably tell how much it irritates me if you see my user page).  By the way, I enjoyed your page, thank you so much for all your contributions to the original vision of Wikipedia.  Cheers!  Top5a (talk) 23:16, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
 * The more recent edits at least same to be in the same range: 2603:7000:2101:AA00:0:0:0:0/64. I have noticed these for a while so I am not sure if the older edits will still be in that range. Mellk (talk) 23:31, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I have blocked the range, initially for two weeks. Ymblanter (talk) 11:14, 1 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Just so you know, that range immediately went back to the same activity as soon as the block expired. @Ymblanter  Cheers.  Top5a (talk) 23:29, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Not yet, but if you see again the removal of unsourced but plausible material pls let me know, I will block the range long-term. Ymblanter (talk) 05:41, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Hello, again! Just wanted to let you know that there were some recent edits made to the lede of the GUM page, as well as a renaming of the page, and I do not have the ability or knowledge to verify those changes.  cc: @Mellk Top5a (talk) 19:49, 16 November 2023 (UTC)

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File permission problem with File:Russian Museum.jpg
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Proposed deletion of File:Pererva.jpg

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File permission problem with File:Olyka.jpg
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Precious anniversary
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:27, 5 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ghirlandajo


text:
Beckman Coulter

Beckman Coulter, Inc. is a Danaher Corporation company that develops, manufactures, and markets products relevant to biomedical testing. It operates in the industries of diagnostics and life sciences. The company was established in 1935 as National Technical Laboratories, and has become an international company through growth and acquisitions of other life sciences organizations.

The company employs over 12,000 people, with $5.8 billion in annual sales by 2017. It is currently headquartered in Brea, California. Beckman Coulter was acquired by Danaher Corporation in 2011.

History
The company was founded by Caltech professor Arnold O. Beckman in 1935 as National Technical Laboratories to commercialize a pH meter that he had invented.

In the 1940s, Beckman changed the name to Arnold O. Beckman, Inc. to sell oxygen analyzers, the Helipot precision potentiometer, and spectrophotometers. In the 1950s, the company name changed to Beckman Instruments, Inc.

In the 1950s, Beckman Instruments developed the EASE series of analog computers, two of which were used by NASA in the 1960s for real-time simulation during the development of the Apollo Guidance Computer.

In 1954, Beckman Instruments acquired ultracentrifuge maker Spinco (Specialized Instruments Corp.). The Spinco division went on to design and manufacture a broad range of laboratory centrifuges.

In 1955, Beckman established the seminal Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory as a division of Beckman Instruments to begin commercializing the semiconductor transistor technology invented by Caltech alumnus William Shockley. Because Shockley's aging mother lived in Palo Alto, California, the Shockley Laboratory was established in nearby Mountain View, California, which has been connected to the growth of Silicon Valley.

In 1961, Beckman acquired Offner Electronics, a company founded by inventor Franklin F. Offner.

In 1982, the company merged into SmithKline to form SmithKline Beckman, with Arnold Beckman as vice chairman, but regained its independence in 1989 after SmithKline merged with Beecham Group to form SmithKline Beecham (now part of GlaxoSmithKline).

In 1995, the company acquired Hybritech, Inc. from Eli Lilly.

In 1996, the company acquired the Sanofi portion of Sanofi Pasteur Diagnostics.

In 1998, the company acquired Coulter Corporation, a company founded by Wallace H. Coulter, the inventor of the Coulter counter. Beckman, thereafter, changed its name to Beckman Coulter.

By 2003, the company has more than 200,000 systems operating in laboratories around the world.

In 2005, the company acquired Diagnostic Systems Laboratories (DSL) based in Webster, Texas.

In 2006, the company acquired Lumigen and Agencourt Bioscience.

In 2007, the company acquired the Flow Cytometry Business Group of Dako North America, Inc.

In 2009, the company acquired Lab-based Diagnostics business of Olympus Corporation Japan. That same year, the company moved its world headquarters from Fullerton, California to the newly renovated facility in Brea, California.

In February 2011, Danaher announced that it has entered into a definitive merger agreement with Beckman Coulter. On June 30, 2011, Danaher finalized the acquisition of Beckman Coulter.

On September 12, 2012 Danaher acquired Iris Diagnostics and its parent company IRIS International, Inc. as leader in Urinalysis Diagnostic to further boost Danaher's Diagnostic business within Beckman Coulter.

On February 1, 2015, the company finalized the acquisition of MicroScan from Siemens Healthcare.

On January 3, 2019, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences announced the acquisition of Labcyte, Inc., a privately held manufacturer of acoustic liquid handlers.

On May 2, 2019, Beckman Coulter finalized their acquisition of EDC Biosciences, a privately held manufacturer of acoustic liquid handlers.

Locations
Though each location specializes in distinct areas of the company, many projects are worked on by teams in multiple locations working together remotely. Besides their headquarters in Brea, California, Beckman Coulter serves locations worldwide. Some of the major locations include:

USA

 * Atlanta, Georgia
 * Carlsbad, California
 * Chaska, Minnesota
 * Danvers, Massachusetts
 * Florence, Kentucky
 * Indianapolis, Indiana
 * Irving, Texas
 * Loveland, Colorado
 * Miami, Florida
 * Schaumburg, Illinois
 * Southfield, Michigan
 * West Sacramento, California
 * Porterville, California

United Kingdom

 * High Wycombe

Canada

 * Ontario

Czech Republic

 * Prague

Germany

 * Krefeld
 * Munich, Germany

Italy

 * Cassina de' Pecchi

Ireland

 * Clare
 * Galway

Switzerland

 * Nyon

Japan

 * Mishima, Shizuoka
 * Ariake, Tokyo

South Korea

 * Suseo, Seoul

Brazil

 * Alphaville, São Paulo
 * Palhoça, Santa Catarina

China

 * Suzhou, JiangSu Province
 * Dalian, LiaoNing Province
 * Shanghai

India

 * Bangalore, Karnataka

Russia

 * Moscow

Turkey

 * Istanbul

South Africa

 * Midrand

Australia

 * Sydney

United Arab Emirates

 * Dubai

Egypt

 * Cairo
 * Giza

France

 * Villepinte
 * Marseille

New Zealand

 * Auckland

Russia

 * Moscow

Sri Lanka

 * Colombo

Asia Pacific

 * Singapore
 * Malaysia
 * Vietnam
 * Philippines

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Beckman Coulter


text:
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Hardoi

Hardoi is a city and municipal board in Hardoi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Hardoi district. It is also known as Prahalad Nagari. Hardoi is about 100 km from the state capital Lucknow and about 385 km from New Delhi. Hardoi is a temple town.

History
The early history of Hardoi is obscure. The name suggests a Bhar, a Dalit caste of pasi origin, but tradition either attributes it to a Thathera ruler named Raja Harnakas or to a religious devotee named Hardeo Babar who supposedly lived here around 1000 CE. In any case, the site was inhabited from an early date; below the old town is an ancient khera that covers 16 acres. Around 1300, a group of Chamar Gaurs led by Nir Singh are said to have conquered the place from the Thatheras, destroyed their fortress, and re-founded the city.

At the turn of the 20th century, Hardoi consisted of two distinct parts: "old" Hardoi, occupying the original site of the village, and "new" Hardoi, which was developed after the establishment of the British civil station in the late 1850s. "New" Hardoi had wide streets, well-shaded by trees, and consisted mostly of the homes of civil officials and members of the local bar, as well as shops. Victoria Hall, built in 1888, contained the municipal and district offices as well as a public library (with books in English, Urdu, Hindi, Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit) and a clock tower. The city also had a courthouse, police station, dispensary, orphanage, several schools, post and telegraph offices, and jail. Hardoi was not at the time a major commercial centre; the main trade involved gathering grain from the rural parts of the district and then exporting it by rail. There was a grain market at Railwayganj, by the train station, while the main market was at Hardeoganj, which held bazaars on Sundays and Wednesdays. The Gibsonganj quarter, near Railwayganj, had a colony of carpenters who did "extensive business in plough handles, cart wheels, and other portions of country carts."

Geography
Hardoi is located at 27.42°N, 80.12°W. It has an average elevation of 134 m. Hardoi is located 110 km from Lucknow (capital of Uttar Pradesh) and 394 from New Delhi (capital of India). The Ganges and several of its tributaries are crossing the south of Hardoi district. Its area is 5947 square kilometres. The record height is 500 ft. In 1995, Hardoi district had 5 square kilometres of dense forest and 13 square kilometres of open forest. The length of this district from northwest to southeast is 125.529 km and width from east to west are 74.83  km. District Hardoi comprises five tehsils (Hardoi, Shahabad, Bilgram, Sandila, and Sawayajpur), 19 blocks, 191 Nyay Panchayat, 1101 Gram Sabha, and 1901 inhabited revenue villages. Sandi Bird Sanctuary created in 1990, previously, "Dahar Jheel", is an important ecotourism bird habitat. Gomati river flows mainly in Hardoi.

It also has 7 Nagar Palika Parishads & 6 Nagar Panchayats. Geographical area is 5947 km2. As per census 2011 population of the district is 4091380, out of which Female are 1887116 & Male are 2204264.

Demographics
As of 2011 Indian Census, Hardoi had a total population of 126,851, of which 66,352 were males and 60,499 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 14,048. Hardoi had an average literary rate of 76%, of which male literacy was 79.5% and female literacy was 72.1%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 12,277 and 4 respectively. Hardoi had 21949 households in 2011.

Economy
As of 1971, the economy of Hardoi was described as a hybrid between the service, commercial, and industrial sectors. The main items imported were kerosene oil, cane sugar, and cloth. The main items manufactured were sugar, groundnut oil, and lime. The biggest exports were sugar, groundnut oil, and arhar.

Education

 * Kendriya Vidyalaya, Hardoi
 * Seth M.R. Jaipuria School, Hardoi
 * St.James School, Hardoi
 * St. Xaviers School, Hardoi

title: Hardoi


text:
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Hi mate, noticed your work on Ben Beams. Be sure to check out WikiProject AFL and add your name to the list. Do you know all about AFL or do you know about Regional Leagues? If so, drop us a line on This page and let us know what you know about ;) Anyway mate, see you around. Rogerthat 12:22, 27 December 2005 (UTC)

Frozen Tears
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Demon wiki
Hey mate, saw your name and assumed you must be the Supermercado who runs the Demon wiki website and has over a million edits to it. Just wanted to say that your website is excellent and thanks for all the work you've out into it, you're a legend. Cheers, Jenks24 (talk) 14:41, 7 April 2011 (UTC)

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Hello. I see that lately you've added many external links to DemonWiki. I looked over a few of these and they don't appear to meet our guidelines for external links. Adding links en masse in this manner is generally seen as disruptive, especially when the links are of dubious merit. I'm sorely tempted to go through and remove all the links that you've added.. but before any more edits are done en masse I think a discussion of the weblink is merited, so I started one discussion at the external links noticeboard.  Them From  Space  02:26, 7 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Have responded to your comments on the noticeboard page, but I consider the suggestion that the links are of 'dubious merit' a complete lack of understanding of the topic at hand and a heavy handed use of guidelines intended to stop actual abuse. supermercado

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text: Category:Missouri state senators

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text: Category:Members of the Missouri House of Representatives


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hammasratas

Hammasratas
A short Finnish text that has been on Pages needing translation for two weeks. I'm not sure what it is, but I think it should either be deleted or moved to the Finnish Wikipedia if nobody translates it. -- Sietse 11:00, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki. (grabs a dictionary) Here's why:
 * Hammaspyörä eli hammasratas on mekaanisen laitteen osa, jonka avulla voidaan pyörivä liike siirtää akselilta toiselle tai muuttaa suoraviivaiseksi liikkeeksi.
 * "Cogwheels" or "gearwheels" are mechanical parts that, through rotating motion, move axes or change... the last two words are heavily inflected and beyond my reach, but no matter: we have a good article on gear already, but I can't find one on the Finnish Wikipedia. Maybe they could use the stub substub there. JRM 11:21, 2004 Dec 8 (UTC)
 * Here's my translation of the article (Finnish is my native language): Cogwheels or gearwheels are mechanical machine parts that make it possible to transmit rotational movement from an axis to another or convert it into a rectilinear motion. The size of cogwheels varies with usage: largest ones have a diameter of several meters. jni 08:39, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, thanks! Could you tell I don't know the first thing about Finnish? :-) JRM 09:11, 2004 Dec 10 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Finnish Wikipedia and/or the Finnish Wiktionary. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 11:30, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Finnish Wikipedia. This is a Finnish-language substub about a gear. jni 08:26, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Dendromecon

Dendromecon, the tree poppy, is a genus of one or two species of shrubs to small trees, native to California and northern Baja California.

The leaves are evergreen, alternate, lanceolate to ovate, 3–10 cm long. The flowers are yellow, satiny, and shed after pollination.

Species
Two species of Dendromecon are widely accepted, though some botanists consider them to belong to just one species, only distinct at the lower rank of subspecies:

title: Dendromecon


text:
Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory

Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, later known as Shockley Transistor Corporation, was a pioneering semiconductor developer founded by William Shockley, and funded by Beckman Instruments, Inc., in 1955. It was the first high technology company in what came to be known as Silicon Valley to work on silicon-based semiconductor devices.

In 1957, the eight leading scientists resigned and became the core of what became Fairchild Semiconductor. Shockley Semiconductor never recovered from this departure, and was purchased by Clevite in 1960, then sold to ITT in 1968, and shortly after, officially closed.

The building remained, but was repurposed as a retail store. By 2015 plans were made to demolish the site to develop a new building complex. By 2017 the site was redeveloped with new signage marking it as the "Real Birthplace of Silicon Valley."

Shockley's return to California
William Shockley received his undergraduate degree from Caltech and moved east to complete his PhD at MIT with a focus on physics. He graduated in 1936 and immediately went to work at Bell Labs. Through the 1930s and '40s he worked on electron devices, and increasingly with semiconductor materials, pioneering the field of solid state electronics. This led to the 1947 creation of the first transistor, in partnership with John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and others. Through the early 1950s a series of events led to Shockley becoming increasingly upset with Bell's management, and especially what he saw as a slighting when Bell promoted Bardeen and Brattain's names ahead of his own on the transistor's patent. However, others that worked with him suggested the reason for these issues was Shockley's abrasive management style, and it was this reason that he was constantly passed over for promotion within the company. These issues came to a head in 1953 and he took a sabbatical and returned to Caltech as a visiting professor.

Shockley struck up a friendship with Arnold Orville Beckman, who had invented the pH meter in 1934. Shockley had become convinced that the natural capabilities of silicon meant it would eventually replace germanium as the primary material for transistor construction. Texas Instruments had recently started production of silicon transistors (in 1954), and Shockley thought he could create a superior product. Beckman agreed to back Shockley's efforts in this area, under the umbrella of his company, Beckman Instruments. However, Shockley's mother was aging and often ill, and he decided to live closer to her house in Palo Alto. Shockley set about recruiting his first four PhD physicists: William W. Happ who had previously worked on semiconductor devices at Raytheon, George Smoot Horsley and Leopoldo B. Valdes from Bell Labs, and Richard Victor Jones, a recent Berkeley graduate.

The Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory opened for business in a small commercial lot in nearby Mountain View in 1956. Initially he tried to hire more of his former workers from Bell Labs, but they were reticent to leave the east coast, then the center of most high-tech research. Instead, he assembled a team of young scientists and engineers, some from other parts of Bell Laboratories, and set about designing a new type of crystal-growth system that could produce single-crystal silicon boules, at that time a difficult prospect given silicon's high melting point.

Shockley diodes

While work on the transistors continued, Shockley hit upon the idea of using a four-layer device (transistors are three) that would have the novel quality of locking into the "on" or "off" state with no further control inputs. Similar circuits required several transistors, typically three, so for large switching networks the new diodes would greatly reduce complexity. The four-layer diode is now called the Shockley diode.

Shockley became convinced that the new device would be just as important as the transistor, and kept the entire project secret, even within the company. This led to increasingly paranoid behavior; in one famed incident he was convinced that a secretary's cut finger was a plot to injure him and ordered lie detector tests on everyone in the company. This was combined with Shockley's vacillating management of the projects; sometimes he felt that getting the basic transistors into immediate production was paramount, and would de-emphasize the Shockley diode project in order to make the "perfect" production system. This upset many of the employees, and mini-rebellions became commonplace.

Traitorous eight
Eventually a group of the youngest employees – Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Sheldon Roberts – went over Shockley's head to Arnold Beckman, demanding that Shockley be replaced. Beckman initially appeared to agree with their demands, but over time made a series of decisions that supported Shockley. Fed up, the group broke ranks and sought support from Fairchild Camera and Instrument, an Eastern U.S. company with considerable military contracts. In 1957, Fairchild Semiconductor was started with plans for making silicon transistors. Shockley called the young scientists the "traitorous eight" and said they would never be successful.

The eight later left Fairchild and started companies of their own. Over a period of 20 years, 65 different companies were started by 1st or 2nd generation teams that traced their origins in Silicon Valley to Shockley Semiconductor. In 2014, Tech Crunch revisited Don Hoefler's 1971 article, claiming 92 public companies of 130 descendant listed firms were then worth over US$2.1 Trillion. They also claimed over 2,000 companies could be traced back to Fairchild's eight co-founders.

Shockley never managed to make the four-layer diode a commercial success, in spite of eventually working out the technical details and entering production in the 1960s. The introduction of integrated circuits allowed the multiple transistors needed to produce a switch to be placed on a single "chip", thereby nullifying the parts-count advantage of Shockley's design. However, the company did have a number of other successful projects, including the first strong theoretical study of solar cells, developing the seminal Shockley–Queisser limit that places an upper limit of 30% efficiency on basic silicon solar cells.

title: Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory


text:
User talk:Matt man22

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

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title: User talk:Matt man22


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User talk:Kaiolav72

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text:
The Children's Hospital at Westmead

The Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW; formerly Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children) is a children's hospital in Western Sydney. The hospital was founded in 1880 as "The Sydney Hospital for Sick Children". Its name was changed to the "Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children" on 4 January 1904 when King Edward VII granted use of the appellation 'Royal' and his consort, Queen Alexandra, consented to the use of her name.

The Children's Hospital at Westmead is one of three children's hospitals in New South Wales. It is currently located on Hawkesbury Road in Westmead and is affiliated with the University of Sydney.

On 1 July 2010, the Children's Hospital at Westmead became part of the newly formed The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (Randwick and Westmead), incorporating the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children.

Foundation as the Sydney Hospital for Sick Children
The hospital was opened in 1880 as the Sydney Hospital for Sick Children. In 1878, Jessie Campbell-Browne, wife of the Member for Singleton, had gathered a group of women to discuss the merits of establishing a children's hospital in Sydney; the outcome of Campbell-Browne's overtures was the new hospital. It soon outgrew the small building in which it was housed at Glebe Point. In 1906, it moved to a much grander building, designed by Harry Kent in Camperdown, where it stayed for 89 years, where it was known as the Camperdown Children's Hospital.

Relocation and renaming
In 1995, the hospital was relocated to its current location in Westmead to better serve the growing populations of Western Sydney. This relocation involved amalgamation with most of the paediatric services of nearby Westmead Hospital (apart from neonates) to form a new hospital with a new name, initially "The New Children's Hospital" and, more recently, "The Children's Hospital at Westmead".

The official name of the Children's Hospital at Westmead, the "Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children", is retained.

Services
The Children's Hospital at Westmead is one of the busiest Children's Hospitals in New South Wales seeing over 80,000 patients annually. In addition to the emergency department, outpatient clinics and inpatient departments receive patients by general practitioner and specialist referral.

Adolescent health
The Adolescent Medicine at The Children's Hospital at Westmead seeks to improve the health and wellbeing of young people aged 12–24. The key focus areas include developing information and resources; capacity building to increase workers' skills and confidence in adolescent health; supporting applied research; advocacy and policy development to increase leadership and action for adolescent health.

Paediatric transgender care controversy
In February 2023, a team of doctors at Westmead led by Joseph Elkadi, Catherine Chudleigh, and Ann M. Maguire published an article in the paediatric journal Children examining the developmental pathway and clinical outcomes of 79 transgender children who presented at the hospital's gender service, the conclusions of which are contested. The authors concluded that gender-affirming healthcare is, in effect, "iatrogenic" and a "non-standard risky approach". Their conclusions were widely repeated in numerous articles in conservative or right-leaning media outlets in Australia, citing "legal and safety fears" over gender-affirming healthcare. For examples in one such newspaper, The Australian, see:
 * For sources positioning the Australian newspaper as "right-leaning", see:
 * Commenting on media discussion of the research, an ABC Australia article by Patricia Karvelas, Lesley Robinson and Carla Hildebrandt said that the research was "being weaponised by anti-trans activists and proponents of alternative forms of gender care."
 * For sources positioning the Australian newspaper as "right-leaning", see:
 * Commenting on media discussion of the research, an ABC Australia article by Patricia Karvelas, Lesley Robinson and Carla Hildebrandt said that the research was "being weaponised by anti-trans activists and proponents of alternative forms of gender care."
 * Commenting on media discussion of the research, an ABC Australia article by Patricia Karvelas, Lesley Robinson and Carla Hildebrandt said that the research was "being weaponised by anti-trans activists and proponents of alternative forms of gender care."
 * Commenting on media discussion of the research, an ABC Australia article by Patricia Karvelas, Lesley Robinson and Carla Hildebrandt said that the research was "being weaponised by anti-trans activists and proponents of alternative forms of gender care."

The conclusions reached in Elkadi et al's article presenting their Westmead study were subsequently analysed and strongly disputed by the peak body for transgender healthcare in Australia, the Australian New Zealand Professional Association for Transgender Health (AusPATH). In a response letter dated 1 March 2023, AusPATH held that the Westmead study's authors displayed "significant bias" in their use of terminology and selection of supporting literature. For example, AusPATH found the Westmead article cited "discredited literature"; that it included a preponderance of marginal literature that tended to be critical of the gender-affirming approach, without any balancing consideration of the "well-described, established" body of work demonstrating benefits of the more medically-accepted treatments. AusPATH also identified what, in its view, were a range of methodological flaws and misrepresentations of data in the Westmead study. In particular, its use of the scientifically-unverified "Rapid Onset Gender Dysphoria" (ROGD) classification for study participants compromises the validity of the Westmead research, according to AusPATH. The Westmead study's authors were also criticised for using "de-humanising" anti-trans language and for "pathologising" gender diversity in a discriminatory way in their article.

In July 2023, the Health Minister for New South Wales, Ryan Park, announced the government would commission a state-wide review of gender-affirming care, to be undertaken by the health policy group the Sax Institute. The review was initiated following a "string of staff resignations", which ABC News, Australia said were linked to the disputed research; the ABC characterised the research as "endorsed by the hospital hierarchy".

Notable staff and board members
Some notable individuals connected to the history of the Children's Hospital are:
 * Sir Lorimer Dods (1900–1981), paediatrician who founded, with assistance from Dr John G. Fulton and Douglas Burrows, the Children's Medical Research Foundation.
 * Sir Charles Clubbe (1854–1932), was the President of the hospital's Board of Management from 1904 until 1932, can perhaps be called the father of the Children's Hospital and is sometimes also mentioned as one of the pioneers of Australian orthopaedic surgery. Clubbe has a ward named after him.
 * Sir Robert Blakeway Wade (1874–1954), orthopaedic surgeon. A hospital building completed in 1939, Wade House, was named in his honour; it features pictures of Australian fauna drawn on many walls by artist Pixie O'Harris.
 * Dr Margaret Hilda Harper (1879–1964), paediatrician who discovered the difference between coeliac disease and cystic fibrosis of the pancreas in 1930.
 * Sir Norman Gregg (1892–1966), ophthalmologist: the first person to identify German measles as a cause for congenital deformities.
 * Rosa Angela Kirkcaldie CBE (1887–1972), charismatic matron 1922-1945
 * Dr Lindsay Dey (1886–1973), paediatrician: President of the hospital's Board of Management from 1946 until 1959.
 * Dr Frank Tidswell (1867–1941), microbiologist: Director of Pathology from 1913 until 1941.
 * Dr. R. Douglas Reye (1912–1977), fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, after whom Reye's syndrome was named, worked at the hospital from 1939 until his death.
 * Dr Marcel Sofer–Schreiber  MBBS Sydney, 1931 (1910–1994), paediatric neurosurgeon, led the way in Australia in the treatment of hydrocephalus, using the Spitz–Holter shunt in the 1960s. He went on to train many doctors to carry out this procedure, thus saving the lives of countless babies, and leaving a lasting legacy. He published extensively on his specialty with papers on hydrocephalus, head injuries and spinal tumours. He was also the first surgeon to draw attention to the potentially deadly condition of subdural haematoma in infants.

Notable patients
Some notable individuals connected to the history of the Children's Hospital are:
 * Francis Chan (born 1991) – the youngest liver transplant patient in Australia at three months old. He underwent two transplants three days apart as the first transplant failed until the last-minute call came in time for another transplant to save his life.
 * Sophie Delezio (born 2001) – treated at the hospital after being badly injured in a car crash at two years old. She suffered burns to 85 per cent of her body but survived and was released from hospital six months later in June 2004.

title: The Children's Hospital at Westmead


text:
User:Wtmgeo

For now I'll keep this page pretty spartan. I am a graduate student of theoretical physics at UChicago. I am also interested in history and international relations.

Over the last six months or so I have developed a fairly specific view of Wikipedia which I hope will guide me in my writing and edits. First I think that Wikipedia is a fantastic and, to me, increasingly indispensable resource. Some of the problems with the format, like vandalism, are mostly mere nuisances. However I would like to see the history articles in Wikipedia conform more strongly with the level of historical scholarship that one might find in a well written book of history. There tends to be far more open dispute of what is widely regarded as established fact than exists in historical literature. There is also much more emphasis on fringe views and "pet theories" than is consistent with good scholarship. Here I am not simply referring to more outlandish conspiracy theories but rather elements of historical disputes that are really sort of novelties rather than serious subjects of dispute. There is not enough emphasis on the central facts and reasonable historical consensus and too much on controversies and emotion laden issues. Some of the more tangential material should be relegated to discussion and linked articles.

title: User:Wtmgeo


text:
User talk:Gnutin

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Gnutin


text:
Paul Owens (gospel singer)

Paul Owens (July 27, 1924 – October 17, 2002) was one of the foremost artists in African American gospel music, performing with The Dixie Hummingbirds, the Swan Silvertones and the Sensational Nightingales. Born in Greensboro, North Carolina, he started as a soloist with the Israelite Gospel Singers, the Baystate Gospel Singers and the Evangelist Singers, then joined a group known as the Nightingales (later the Sensational Nightingales, which featured Julius "June Cheeks") before moving to the Hummingbirds in 1948. Paired with Ira Tucker, they adopted a daring style, which they called "trickeration", in which they would mix melisma with intricate harmonies, sharing the lead while often improvising phrases.

Owens left the group in 1952 to join the Swan Silvertones, to whose aggressive shouting style he added the smooth harmonies and melodious tenor for which he was known as a member of the Hummingbirds. He later left them to join the Sensational Nightingales, for whom he sang as a baritone, then returned to the Hummingbirds in 1989.

Owens died aged 78.

title: Paul Owens (gospel singer)


text:
Fiestas of Nuevo León

Most of the fiestas of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico are related to the anniversaries of the foundation of municipalities, the celebration of local Roman Catholic patron saints or exhibitions of the most popular produce of the particular region. The majority are observed at the local level and, given that the greater part of the municipalities have few inhabitants, the festivals can be a bit austere. Nonetheless, some of them, such as the Festival del Barrio Antiguo ("Festival of the old neighborhood") or the Exposición Ganadera de Guadalupe ("Guadalupe cattle-ranching exposition") receive visitors from throughout Mexico and internationally.

February

 * Ciénega de Flores: Municipal holiday (February 18 to February 26).
 * Escobedo: Municipal holiday (February 24 to March 12).
 * General Zuazua: Municipal holiday (February 23 to March 7).

March

 * Allende: Feria de Allende (Allende Fair, March 12 to March 20).
 * Agualeguas: Fiestas de la Semana Mayor (Party of the big week )(March 28 toApril 3).
 * General Terán: Aniversario de elevación a Villa (Anniversary of the elevation to villa, March 31 toApril 3).
 * Higueras: Feria del Orégano (Oregano Fair, March 26 to April 6).
 * Hualahuises: Feria del Geranio (Geranium Fair, March 18 to March 20).
 * Salinas Victoria: Municipal holiday (March 4 to March 20).

April

 * Abasolo: Aniversario de la fundación (Anniversary of foundation, April 3 to April 5).
 * Cerralvo: Municipal holiday (April 14 to April 24).
 * Hidalgo: Feria del Cemento (Cement Fair, April 8 to April 17).

May

 * Anáhuac: Municipal anniversary (May 1 to May 9).
 * Mina: Fiestas de la Primavera (Spring holiday, May 14 to May 22).

June

 * Lampazos: Feria Exposición de Lampazos ( Expo Fair, June 19 to the June 28).

July

 * Aramberri: Feria del Aguacate (Avocado Fair, July 29 to the August 4).
 * Bustamante: Feria del Señor de Tlaxcala (Señor de Tlaxcala Fair, July 28 to the August 6).
 * Linares: Fiestas de Villaseca (July 29 to August 14).
 * Marín: Municipal anniversary (July 8 to July 17).
 * Pesquería: Feria de Pesquería (July 28 to August 7).
 * Sabinas Hidalgo: Municipal anniversary (July 22 to July 31).
 * Santiago: Feria de la Manzana (Apple Fair, July 29 to the August 14).

September

 * Apodaca: Feria Agrícola e Industrial (Agricultural and industrial fair, September 23 to October 7).
 * El Carmen: Feria Industrial de la Nuez (Industrial fair of the walnut, September 10 to September 18).
 * Ciénega de Flores: Feria del Machacado (September 9 to September 25).
 * Monterrey: Día de fundación (city's foundation, September 20).
 * Doctor Arroyo: Municipal anniversary (September 21 to September 22).
 * Galeana: Feria de la Papa y la Manzana (Potato and apple fair, September 15 to September 18).

October

 * Doctor González: Municipal anniversary (October 28 to November 16).
 * Zuazua: Feria de la Hojarasca (October 7 to October 23).
 * Rayones: Feria de la Nuez (Walnut fair, October 16 to October 24).

November

 * General Bravo: Municipal anniversary (November 17 to November 21).

December

 * Agualeguas: Feria de Nuestro Señor de Agualeguas (Fair of Our Lord of Agualeguas, December 8).
 * Ocampo: Municipal anniversary (December 29 to December 31).

title: Fiestas of Nuevo León


text:
Oscar Alin

Oscar Josef Alin (22 December 1846 – 31 December 1900) was a Swedish historian and politician.

Life
Alin was born in Falun, Sweden. In 1872 he completed his doctorate and became docent of political science, and in 1882 professor skytteanus of Government and Eloquence at Uppsala University. As professor skytteanus he succeeded Vilhelm Erik Svedelius, whom he also followed in the inspectorship of the university's Västmanland-Dalarna Nation. In September 1888 he was elected a member of the first chamber of the Riksdag, where he attached himself to the conservative protectionist party, over which, from the first, he exercised great authority. He retired from the Riksdag in 1899 to become rector magnificus of the university, but died the end of the next year. It is as a historian that Alin is most remarkable.

Works
Among his numerous works the following are especially worthy of note:
 * Bidrag till svenska rådets historia under medeltiden (Upsala 1872);
 * Sveriges historia, 1511–1611 (Stockholm, 1878);
 * Bidrag till svenska statskickets historia (Stockholm, 1884–1887);
 * Den svensk-norsk unionen (Stockholm, 1889–1891), the best book on the question of the Norwegian–Swedish Union from the Swedish point of view;
 * Fjerde artiklen af fredstraktaten i Kiel (Stockholm, 1899);
 * Carl Johan och Sveriges yttre politik, 1810–1815 (Stockholm, 1899);
 * Carl XIV Johan och rikets ständer, 1840–1841 (Stockholm, 1893).

He also edited Svenska riksdagsakter, 1521–1554 (Stockholm, 1887), in conjunction with Emil Hildebrand, and Sveriges grundlagar (Stockholm, 1892).

title: Oscar Alin


text:
Citroën C1

The Citroën C1 is a city car marketed by Citroën from June 2005 to January 2022, originally developed as part of the B-Zero project by PSA Peugeot Citroën in a joint venture with Toyota, with two generations produced.

The C1 was developed along with two badge engineered variants, the Peugeot 107, which is mostly identical to the C1 aside from its front bumper fascia and front and rear lights, and the Toyota Aygo, which is slightly more differentiated. The three siblings debuted at the 2005 Geneva Motor Show and were manufactured at the facilities of the TPCA joint venture (Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile) in the city of Kolín, Czech Republic.

First generation (PM/PN; 2005)
The C1's body was designed by Donato Coco in a one-box configuration. On both the five door C1 and 107, though not the Aygo, the rear tail light cluster extends from the edge of the rear doors to the rear window, without a distinctly expressed "C-pillar". The C1 is powered by a 1.0 L three cylinder engine, which has a fuel economy of 61.4 mpg (UK gallons EU method; 4.6 L/100 km EU method; ca 43.4 mpg US with US method) or a 1.4 L four cylinder diesel engine which has a fuel economy of 68.9 mpg (UK gallons EU method; 4.1 L/100 km EU method; ca 48.8 mpg US with US method). According to the German magazine Der Spiegel, the C1 is the production car with the second-best fuel economy both among petrol engines (after the Toyota Prius) and among diesel engines (after the Smart Fortwo mhd).

In January 2010, PSA Peugeot Citroën announced that it was recalling around 100,000 of the C1 and Peugeot 107, following the worldwide recall by Toyota for a sticking accelerator pedal – which the Aygo is affected by. Under certain circumstances, the pedal can stick in a partially depressed position, or return slowly to the off position. The C1 became popular as a cheap racing car for use in endurance racing, similar to its predecessor the Citroën 2CV.

Trim range (United Kingdom)

 * Vibe, available in three-door or five-door, this was the basic model and the cheapest. Did not come with central locking, a rev counter, air conditioning or electric windows. Only available with the 1.0i engine.
 * Rhythm, available in three-door or five-door, this trim added remote central locking, body-coloured wing mirrors, two side airbags and an engine rev counter. The 1.4 HDi diesel and the 1.0i petrol engines were both available with this trim.
 * Code, available in three-door or five-door, added to the Rhythm specification by including 14 inch alloy wheels, half leather-trimmed seats, chrome interior trim inserts and a glove box cover. The 1.4 HDi diesel and the 1.0i petrol engines were both available with this trim.

 * Special editions (United Kingdom)
 * Cool – based on the Vibe, adding air conditioning and blue seat fabrics/dashboard inserts, available in Lipizan White or Damas Blue.
 * Airplay – based on the Rhythm, adding full iPod connectivity, iPod cradle, a 4 GB iPod Nano and coloured dashboard inserts and door pulls. Early models were available with bright, swirling decals. This model was originally revealed at the 2006 British International Motor Show in July 2006.

Designer Franco Sbarro created a modified C1 named the GT-C1, a design concept that follows the same theme of his previous Citroën Xsara Picasso Cup Concept. The extreme bodywork feature very wide wheels and gullwing doors alongside a modified 1.6L engine from the Citroën C2 VTS and Citroën C4 WRC-derived brakes.

In Portugal and Greece, a commercial van version called the Entreprise is offered, equipped with the 1.4L diesel engine and available only in the three-door body, for urban use. Its 107 sibling also offers an identical version.

In the United Kingdom, the now-defunct Electric Car Corporation sold an electric car based on the C1, called the Citroën C1 ev'ie from 2009 to 2012.

2009 facelift
In January 2009, the Citroën C1 was facelifted at the same time as the Peugeot 107 and Toyota Aygo.

The updated C1 features a revised front bumper and grille, in keeping with Citroën's family look. Three new colours were also added and trim levels were also revised: basic Vibe models became 'VT', and Rhythm became 'VTR'. More durable seat fabrics were used and ventilation control graphics were updated for better legibility, and all models received new wheel trims.

A special edition "Splash" was available at launch, though this was a strictly limited edition. This was based on the basic "VT". However, it featured air conditioning, a CD player and electric front windows. The Splash model was available in Electra Blue or Lipizan White. Electra Blue came with white door mirrors, whilst Lipizan White came with glossy black door mirrors.

2012 facelift
Citroën made a further facelift in March 2012. Changes included revised bumper, bonnet, steering wheel and CD player; LED daytime running lights, a new blue paint "Botticelli Blue", and improved fuel economy.

Two new trims were added to the facelift C1 range – Platinum and Edition, both came with alloy wheels, foglights, and a leather steering wheel and gearstick as standard while Platinum added a spoiler and chrome interior trim. VTR+ became the entry level trim when these were introduced.

From 2012 to 2014, The car was rebranded as the Citroën C1 eco for the Greek market.

Reliability
Breakdown statistics reported by the German Automobile Club in May 2010 placed the Citroën C1 (which the data grouped with the Peugeot 107 and Toyota Aygo) at the top of the sub small car class, in respect of the low breakdown rates achieved for cars aged between one and four years. ).

Safety
The Euro NCAP score was reduced from 4 stars to 3 stars for the 2012 facelift.

Second generation (AB40; 2014)
At the 2014 Geneva Motor Show, Citroën presented a redesigned C1, also to be manufactured at a factory of the Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech (TPCA) in a joint venture with the Peugeot 108 and Toyota Aygo. A fixed-profile cabriolet model named Airscape was introduced with a folding canvas roof, available in both 3 and 5-door configurations.

Discontinuation
The next-generation C1 was planned to be released in March 2021 based on the TNGA-B platform, when the plan was cancelled. The TPCA joint venture announced the discontinuation of the Citroën C1 and Peugeot 108 for 2021, while the Toyota Aygo will continue to the third-generation. Production was stopped in January 2022, after almost 1.2 million vehicles were produced (both generations included).

title: Citroën C1


text:
Neuenburg

Neuenburg may refer to:

 * Neuenburg am Rhein, a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
 * Neuenburg, part of Zetel in Lower Saxony, Germany
 * Neuenburg, part of Löffingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
 * Neuenburg, in Manitoba, Canada
 * Neuenburg Castle (Freyburg) in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
 * Neuenbürg, a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
 * the German name for Neuchâtel, a city in Switzerland, also the canton and the lake
 * Neuenburg an der Elbe, the German name for Nymburk, a town in the Czech Republic
 * the German exonym for Jaunpils, a village in Latvia
 * Neuenburg in Westpreußen, the German name for Nowe, a town in Świecie County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland

title: Neuenburg


text:
User talk:Carbonbase

To open a new discussion click here

=My Contributions=
 * IAI Lavi
 * Kaifeng Jews
 * Ramon Crater
 * Mitzpe Ramon
 * Unit 5707

Because of their length, the previous discussions on this page have been archived.

Previous discussions:

 * List of Jews ( 7 Mar 2005to 6 Apr 2005):

Speedy deletions
I am sorry to tell you that a number of your recent creations have been speedy deleted. An article without any content except a template and a few categories, meets the WP:CSD speedy criterion A1: "Very short articles providing little or no context". If you want to create such articles, please add some words to the article, it is OK if the article is a bit short (WP:STUB), but there should be something about the subject there. Sjakkalle (Check!)  08:44, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Image:IAF.JPG
I see you have uploaded this image and tagged it GFDL. Are you sure about this tag, as the image looks as though it was taken from a website, which are not usually licensed under GFDL. Evil Monkey∴Hello 08:58, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Copyrighted content
Please, do not copy and paste the contents of copyrighted sites into Wikipedia. Also, do not mark images as GFDL or PD when they are definitely not free to be used. If you can't find a freely licensed image, just don't upload one. — BRIAN 0918 • 2005-10-27 09:06

Patentability Search
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Copyright problems
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Image source problem with Image:Ramoncrater2.jpg
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Image source problem with Image:Ramoncrater1.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:54, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Template:Israel listed at Redirects for discussion
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Category:Asian Jews has been nominated for deletion
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title: User talk:Carbonbase