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For Special Services

For Special Services, first published in 1982, was the second novel by John Gardner featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond. Carrying the Glidrose Publications copyright, it was first published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape and in the United States by Coward, McCann & Geoghegan. Cover designed by Bill Botten.

For Special Services
In June 1941 General William Donovan was appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt to the position of Coordinator of Information (COI), a position that later transformed into the chairmanship of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Upon request by Donovan, Ian Fleming was contacted to write a lengthy memorandum describing the structure and functions of a secret service organisation. Parts of this memorandum were later used in the official charter for the OSS, which was later dissolved after World War II in 1945. For appreciation of Fleming's work Donovan presented Fleming with a .38 Police Positive Colt revolver with the inscription, "For Special Services."

In 1944, Donovan proposed to President Roosevelt the creation of a new agency, "which will procure intelligence both by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide intelligence guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the intelligence material collected by all government agencies." The OSS was disbanded in 1945; accordingly, the Central Intelligence Agency; formed in 1947 is a direct descendant of the OSS.

Plot summary
Bond teams up with CIA agent Cedar Leiter, daughter of his old friend, Felix Leiter, to investigate one Markus Bismaquer, an ice cream tycoon who is suspected of reviving the criminal organisation SPECTRE, which was believed to have been disbanded years earlier following the death of its leader, Ernst Stavro Blofeld, at the hands of Bond (in You Only Live Twice).

The British Secret Service learns that Bismaquer is an obsessive collector of rare prints, so Bond and Cedar visit the man's huge ranch in Amarillo, Texas posing as art dealers. Their true identities are soon revealed, but not until Bond holds his own both in an impromptu (and fixed) car race arranged by Bismaquer, and in the bed of Bismaquer's frustrated wife, Nena. Nena, who has only one breast, quickly wins Bond's heart and his sympathy and Bond is convinced that Bismaquer is the one now being referred to as the new Blofeld.

Bond discovers that the revitalised SPECTRE plans to take over control of NORAD headquarters in order to gain control of America's military space satellite network. NORAD personnel are supplied with ice cream contaminated with a mild narcotic which makes consumers susceptible to following orders without question. His true identity revealed, Bond is captured and brainwashed into believing he is an American general. Bond is directed to inspect NORAD and obtain from the drug-affected military personnel computer tapes relating to the satellite system. Bond was set up to be killed in the ensuing attack by SPECTRE forces on the base; however, Bismaquer, who is bisexual and had taken a liking to Bond, gave him an antidote to bring him out the hypnosis.

Via helicopter, Nena takes Bond from NORAD to a SPECTRE house in Louisiana. Bond witnesses Bismaquer shot and killed by Nena, who is in fact, Nena Blofeld, the daughter of Ernst Stavro Blofeld, a fact she confesses to Bond. Just before firing at Bond, he throws a chair at Nena, which thrusts her through a window, falling into the crushing grip of her pet pythons. She is put out of her misery by Felix Leiter, who arrives on the scene after Cedar informed her superiors.

Characters

 * James Bond
 * M
 * Ann Reilly
 * Cedar Leiter
 * Felix Leiter
 * Markus Bismaquer: Bismaquer, married to Nena Bismaquer, is a collector of fine prints and the owner of an ice cream plant in Amarillo, Texas. He is believed to be either a direct descendant or a confidant of Ernst Stavro Blofeld and to have resurrected the evil organization SPECTRE Gardner alludes, on more than one occasion, that Bismaquer in truth is a homosexual and possibly had fallen for Bond.
 * Walter Luxor: Is Bismaquer's partner and a high-ranking member of SPECTRE. At one point he is believed to be a revived Ernst Stavro Blofeld.
 * Mike Mazzard: Is a member of SPECTRE tasked to bring Bond to Amarillo. After Bond objects this offer, Mazzard attempts to kill Bond in Washington D.C. Mazzard also aids Luxor in infiltrating NORAD HQ.
 * Nena Bismaquer: Is the wife of Markus Bismaquer. She later turns out to be the daughter of Ernst Stavro Blofeld and the successor and leader of SPECTRE.

Car
This is the second novel in Gardner's Bond series in which Bond drives a Saab 900 Turbo; however, this is the first book in which the car's colour is mentioned and it is referred to by its more popular nickname, the Silver Beast.

Publication history

 * UK first hardback edition: September 1982 Jonathan Cape
 * U.S. first hardback edition: April 1982 Coward, McCann & Geoghegan
 * UK first paperback edition: 1982 Coronet Books
 * U.S. first paperback edition: April 1983 Berkley Books

The U.S. hardcover had a first printing of 95,000 copies.

Reviews
Kingsley Amis, himself a former Bond author, was the harshest. His Times Literary Supplement review called the book "an unrelieved disaster", Gardner "not the most self-assured of writers", and said that the plot was "absurd" and "blundering". Amis said, "What makes Mr Gardner's book so hard to read is not so much its endlessly silly story as its desolateness, its lack of the slightest human interest or warmth. [...] But then to do anything like that the writer must be genuinely interested in his material."

Writing in The New Republic, Robin W. Winks wrote, "Bond is dead, and John Gardner's second effort to remove the nails from that coffin, though not so dreary nor so silly as the first, is nonetheless very thin gruel." Winks further said the book was "exceptionally bad when read back-to-back with Ian Fleming's From a View to a Kill. The book is full of one sentence paragraphs — did Fleming ever really write this way? — and obligatory "who'll sleep in the one bedroom, who on the couch" scenes once calculated to titillate fourteen-year-olds."

New Statesman critic Lewis Jones dismissed it as "a real airport novel, unimaginative and badly written. Bond is as dated as Biggles. Gardner's attempts to update meet with partial success. He can manage the machines but not the people." Jones summed the book up in one word: "Deadly."

Novelist Stanley Ellin, reviewing for The New York Times, asserted that the novel "was a dud, and for reasons having nothing to do with the author's well-proven talent. Ian Fleming was a dreadful writer, a creator of books for grown-up boys, a practitioner of tin-eared prose...John Gardner, creator of the inimitable and delightful Boysie Oakes among other characters, is the antithesis to all this, a writer of style and wit with a sharp-eyed, acidulous and yet appreciative view of humanity and its foibles. Fleming's shoes are simply too tight and misshapen for Mr. Gardner to wear comfortably. Fleming, however, did offer the reader one thing no imitator can possibly duplicate: total identification with and commitment to his hero and his works as the products of an uninhibited wish fulfillment." However, Ellin did find several things to admire: "There are some good things among the zany proceedings: an automobile road race described to nerveracking effect; the amusing relationship between the aging Bond and the youthful Cedar Leiter; a climax where Bond is drugged into imagining he is the woolly-headed Gen. James A. Banker, U.S.A. - all pure John Gardner at his Boysie Oakes best. This still doesn't compensate for the awkwardness of the whole project. The reader will do better to head for anything by Mr. Gardner that isn't imitation Fleming. As pure Gardner, he is quite a writer."

Mystery novelist Reginald Hill, writing in Books and Bookmen, admitted "I was not pre-inclined to like John Gardner's second James Bond adventure For Special Services, and I didn't. Mr. Gardner is far too good a writer not to make a fair stab at the job. No mere arranger of other men's flowers, he is of course a thriller writer of the first water. All this is done with technical skill and some panache, but in the end Bond belongs so much to the 50s and early 60s that to translate him to the 80s without making him grow up is an almost impossible task. The result is very fair escapist stuff, but time and again I found myself asking the, I hope, not impertinent question, if this man wasn't called James Bond, how good a thriller would this be? And the answer, I'm afraid, is not half as good as what Mr Gardner is capable of giving us when he follows his own creative bent. Bring back Boysie Oakes!"

People magazine complained that the novel "has the stripped-down feeling of a comic strip. Fleming had fun with James Bond, but he also seemed genuinely to admire 007's ridiculous, perfect-martini mannerisms. Gardner, while he's a better writer than Fleming, is a cynical pro. There is no joy in his Bond."

A handful of critics liked the book despite some reservations. The Globe and Mail crime critic Derrick Murdoch praised Gardner's vast research "on the state-of-the-art technology affecting satellite chasers, hydraulics, automobile and monorail engineering design, weaponry, optics and pyrostatics." Murdoch also praised the novel's final scene set "in a mock-decrepit palace in the middle of the Louisiana swampland, is played out in maniacal fury, total illogic and superb idiocy to enchant the mind. In other words, John Gardner is having more fun with his rented character than he allowed himself to have in the earlier book."

Kirkus Reviews said Gardner's second Bond novel "is smooth enough - but a good deal less fun than License Renewed. Comic-strippy as ever, but without the freshness and Bond-persona detail of the first resurrection."

John Waite, writing in the Nursing Mirror, said Gardner managed to write in Fleming's style "beautifully". The plot, he said, was preposterous enough, the girls exotic enough and the villains superbly Satanic.

title: For Special Services


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Talk:Hate groups and new religious movements

Text moved from Hate group. --Zappaz 23:32, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thank you, Jossi
... for at least adding the fact that Elan Vital's allegation is disputed by those who are its targets. I still believe that the correct place for both the allegation and its disputation is in List of purported hate groups, and I will keep advocating for that, but I appreciate your fairness in including the other side of the allegation. -- Antaeus Feldspar 19:29, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * ... It wasn't me..!
 * I checked, and I am afraid you will need to thank Zappaz for adding '"the other side of the allegation" :)
 * Zappaz added that disclaimer on the hate group article, on this edit:, summarized as:
 * 20:37, Dec 13, 2004 Zappaz (attempt to present ex-premie POV in disputed text.). --≈ jossi ≈ 00:40, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see. Well, I'll still give you the credit for adding it to this article.  =) -- Antaeus Feldspar 01:17, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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EGR1

EGR-1 (Early growth response protein 1) also known as ZNF268 (zinc finger protein 268) or NGFI-A (nerve growth factor-induced protein A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene.

EGR-1 is a mammalian transcription factor. It was also named Krox-24, TIS8, and ZENK. It was originally discovered in mice.

Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the EGR family of Cys2His2-type zinc finger proteins. It is a nuclear protein and functions as a transcriptional regulator. The products of target genes it activates are required for differentiation and mitogenesis. Studies suggest this is a tumor suppressor gene.

It has a distinct pattern of expression in the brain, and its induction has been shown to be associated with neuronal activity. Several studies suggest it has a role in neuronal plasticity.

EGR-1 is an important transcription factor in memory formation. It has an essential role in brain neuron epigenetic reprogramming. EGR-1 recruits the TET1 protein that initiates a pathway of DNA demethylation. Removing DNA methylation marks allows the activation of downstream genes. EGR-1, together with TET1, is employed in programming the distribution of methylation sites on brain DNA during brain development, in learning and in long-term neuronal plasticity. EGR-1 has also been found to regulate the expression of VAMP2 (a protein important for synaptic exocytosis).

Beside its function in the nervous system, there is significant evidence that EGR-1 along with its paralog EGR-2 is induced in fibrotic diseases has key functions in fibrinogenesis and is necessary for experimentally induced fibrosis in mice.

It may also be involved in ovarian function

Structure
The DNA-binding domain of EGR-1 consists of three zinc finger domains of the Cys2His2 type. The amino acid structure of the EGR-1 zinc finger domain is given in this table, using the single letter amino acid code. The fingers 1 to 3 are indicated by f1 - f3. The numbers are in reference to the residues (amino acids) of alpha helix (there is no zero). The residues marked 'x' are not part of the zinc fingers, but rather serve to connect them all together.

Amino acid key: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V)

The crystal structure of DNA bound by the zinc finger domain of EGR-1 was solved in 1991, which greatly aided early research in zinc finger DNA-binding domains.

The human EGR-1 protein contains (in its unprocessed form) 543 amino acids with a molecular weight of 57.5 kDa, and the gene is located on the chromosome 5.

DNA binding specificity
EGR-1 binds the DNA sequence 5'-GCG TGG GCG-3' (and similar ones like 5'-GCG GGG GCG-3'). The f1 position 6 binds the 5' G (the first base count from the left); the f1 position 3 to the second base (C); f1 position -1 binds to the third position (G); f2 position 6 to the fourth base (T); and so on.

Interactions
EGR-1 has been shown to interact with:
 * CEBPB,
 * CREB-binding protein,
 * EP300,
 * NAB1,
 * P53, and
 * PSMA3

title: EGR1


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Condition precedent

A condition precedent is an event or state of affairs that is required before something else will occur. In contract law, a condition precedent is an event which must occur, unless its non-occurrence is excused, before performance under a contract becomes due, i.e., before any contractual duty exists.

In estate and trust law, it is a provision in a will or trust that prevents the vesting of a gift or bequest until something occurs or fails to occur, e.g. the attainment of a certain age or the predecease of another person. For comparison, a condition subsequent brings a duty to an end whereas a condition precedent initiates a duty.

In computing, a while loop is an instruction to check a condition precedent, then execute an action only if that check evaluates to 'true'; after which execution, control then returns to the beginning of the loop and the cycle of check and conditional execution begins again. By contrast, a do while loop first executes the action, next checks a condition subsequent, then returns control to the beginning of the loop if the check evaluated to 'true'. Either loop ends once a check is evaluated to 'false', after which control flow proceeds onward, now "outside" of the loop instruction.

Cases

 * Poussard v Spiers and Pond (1876) 1 QBD 410

title: Condition precedent


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Yoo Young-chul

Yoo Young-chul (유영철; born 18 April 1970) is a South Korean serial killer, sex offender, and self-confessed cannibal. After he admitted to the murders of multiple people, mostly prostitutes and wealthy old couples, the Seoul Central District Court convicted him of 20 murders, although one case was dismissed when it was identified as being committed by another serial killer, Jeong Nam-gyu. Yoo burned three and mutilated at least 11 of his victims and admitted that he ate the livers of some of them. He committed his crimes between September 2003 to July 2004 and was apprehended on 15 July 2004. Yoo explained his motives in front of a TV camera saying "Women shouldn't be sluts, and the rich should know what they've done."

Biography
Yoo was married in 1992 and had one son. Yoo was previously convicted 14 times for several different charges, and served a total of seven years in prison prior to his string of murders.

Serial murders
From September to November 2003, Yoo killed several wealthy senior citizens by breaking into their houses and bludgeoning them with a hammer. To cover his tracks, Yoo made the scenes of his crime look like a robbery-homicide took place. However, no money was taken, which confused the police investigators. When the investigation started to intensify, Yoo switched to targeting female masseuses. In January 2004, Yoo was briefly arrested on a minor theft charge, but was released two days later.

Starting in March 2004, Yoo called prostitutes to his residence in western Seoul and bludgeoned them after having sex with them. His victims were dismembered and mutilated to hinder their identification. They were buried in the mountains surrounding the city. Police recovered 11 bodies from the mountain behind Bongwon Temple after Yoo's arrest.

During initial interrogations, Yoo confessed to killing 19 people. On 18 July 2004, he admitted to an additional murder: the killing of a 44-year-old male street vendor. Yoo eventually confessed to killing 26 individuals on 19 July 2004, several days after his arrest, although no details were given. The list of purported victims included several individuals that did not match his prior pattern of wealthy seniors or masseuses. Friends of two of the masseuse victims, whose bodies had been recovered, claimed they were not involved in massage therapy, meaning that Yoo could have other, unreported victims. Although the "Rainy Thursday" murderer was active contemporaneously starting in April 2004, stabbing multiple women late at night in southwest Seoul, police were unable to link Yoo to those murders.

Several days later, Yoo also confessed to killing a young woman (a worker in a clothing store) on 6 February 2004 in Imun-dong after he suspected her of being a prostitute. Yoo had approached her for questioning by pretending to be a police officer. Approximately a month after his arrest, Yoo confessed to eating the flesh of his victims, although no evidence to prove this was available.

Arrest for murder
Yoo was taken into custody on 15 July 2004 and confessed to murdering as many as 19 people initially, specifically targeting affluent senior citizens and masseuses. Yoo had raised suspicions by calling a massage parlor where several employees had recently gone missing after receiving similar phone calls, so the owner of the massage parlor, accompanied by several employees and a single police officer, went to the agreed-upon meeting place. The police officer left before Yoo arrived, and Yoo was apprehended by the employees of the massage parlor. Another police officer placed handcuffs on Yoo after he was detained by the massage parlor employees.

While in custody, Yoo feigned epileptic symptoms and escaped from the police after his restraints were loosened. However, he was re-arrested 12 hours later. Yoo had attempted to escape after being arrested in 2002 for rape by faking an epileptic seizure.

The mother of the Imun-dong murder victim rushed at Yoo with an umbrella when he was brought to the prosecutor's office later in July, screaming that her daughter would still be alive if the police had captured him earlier. A policeman kicked the mother in the chest to subdue her, claiming that his hands were occupied in holding Yoo.

Motives
Based on the content of his apartment, searched after his arrest, there was some speculation that he patterned his killings after several movies, including Public Enemy, Very Bad Things, and Normal Life. Yoo later confessed to being inspired by serial killer Jeong Du-yeong, who had murdered nine wealthy people in Busan from 1999 to 2000.

On the killing of wealthy older people, prosecutors stated that he killed them out of a hostility that originated from his childhood poverty. Concerning Yoo's killing of women, prosecutors said his resentment stemmed from a lover who betrayed him, and he targeted women with similar jobs as his previous lover in a bid to retaliate. Yoo also told police he killed women because he hated them.

A psychologist who assessed Yoo concluded that he was not mentally ill, but exhibited usual signs associated with anti-social disorder whereby a person creates their own belief system based on distrust of moral and social norms.

Trial and penalty
Police admitted they had little physical evidence linking Yoo to the murders. Yoo first appeared in court on 6 September 2004, refusing to defend himself, declaring his intention to boycott the remainder of the trial and apologizing to the victims. Yoo boasted that he had no intention of stopping. When forced to return two weeks later, he lunged at the three presiding judges and recanted his confession for the February 2004 Imun-dong murder. He refused to appear at the next court session on 4 October 2004 after attempting suicide the night before. Yoo again disrupted a hearing three weeks later when he tried to attack a spectator who cursed him, which ended with Yoo signing a statement pledging not to cause further commotion.

Prosecutors requested the death penalty, for which Yoo thanked them, and Yoo was sentenced to death on 13 December 2004 for 20 counts of murder (the count of murder for the woman in Imun-dong in February 2004 was thrown out). Prosecutors appealed the verdict to secure the 21st count of murder, but the lower court's sentence was upheld on 8 June 2005 by the Supreme Court.

His case shocked the public and fueled a debate over capital punishment in South Korea. Although the death penalty is still permissible under law, it has not been carried out since 1997. It appeared capital punishment might be abolished prior to Yoo's arrest, but support for the death penalty has grown since his crimes were made public.

The Seoul Central District Court said, "Murders of as many as 20 people are unprecedented in the nation and a very serious crime. The death penalty is inevitable for you in light of the enormous pains inflicted on the families concerned and society."

Yoo is detained at the Seoul Detention Center.

List of events and his crimes

 * 1988: Theft
 * 1991: Theft (sentenced to 10 months in prison)
 * 23 June 1993: Married his girlfriend
 * 1993: Theft (sentenced to 8 months in prison)
 * 26 October 1994: His son was born
 * 1998: Theft, forgery, identity theft (sentenced to 2 years in prison)
 * 2000: Sexual abuse (rape) (sentenced to 3 years 6 months in prison)
 * 27 October 2000: Divorced by his wife
 * 11 September 2003: Released from prison
 * 24 September 2003: Killed first victims
 * 13 December 2004: Sentenced to death
 * 2024: Currently imprisoned (date of execution yet to be determined)

Murders

 * 1st, 24 September 2003, Gangnam-gu, Seoul: University professor Lee Deok-su, 72, was stabbed in the neck with a knife. He and his wife, Lee Eun-ok, 67, were then beaten to death with a hammer (4 kg).
 * 2nd, 9 October 2003, Jongno-gu, Seoul: Kang Eun-sun, 85, was bludgeoned to death with a hammer. Her daughter-in-law, Lee Sook-jin, 60, and her handicapped grandson, Go Jin-soo, 35, were killed in the same manner soon afterwards.
 * 3rd, 16 October 2003, Gangnam-gu, Seoul: Yoo Joon-hee, 60, was beaten with a hammer. She was later found by her son at 13:30 but died at 14:00.
 * 4th, 18 November 2003, Jongno-gu, Seoul: Yoo used his hammer to kill Kim Jong-seok, 87, and the latter's housekeeper, Bae Ji-hye, 53. He then accidentally cut himself while attempting to open a safe, so he burned down the house to destroy DNA evidence.
 * On 11 December 2003, Yoo met a new girlfriend (escort girl), but she inevitably discovered his criminal record and told him not to see her again. He then decided to kill escort girls as revenge.
 * 5th, 9 February 2004, Namdong-gu, Seoul: Chung Young-dae, 47, was killed.
 * 6th, 16 March 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Yoo choked Kwon Jin-hee, 23, to death. He then cut her corpse into pieces and dumped them on a trail near Sogang University.
 * 7th, 14 April 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Ahn Jae-sun, 44, a vendor who had scammed Yoo by giving him fake Viagra, was wrestled into his own van, handcuffed, and murdered. Yoo sawed the victim's hands off and disposed of them in a plastic bag. He then set the van on fire.
 * 8th, May 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Yoo lured 25-year-old Kim Hee-sun to his apartment and bludgeoned her unconscious with his hammer. He then decapitated her in his bathroom, smashed her head, mutilated her body, and buried her remains near Bongwon Temple in Seodaemun-gu.
 * 9th, 7 May 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Shin Min-a, 33, was killed in the same manner as the 8th crime.
 * 10th, 1 June 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Han Sook-ja, 35, was killed in the same manner as the 8th crime.
 * 11th, 9 June 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Jang Kwang, 26, was killed in the same manner as the 8th crime.
 * 12th, 18 June 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Kim Ji-ho, 27, was killed in the same manner as the 8th crime.
 * 13th, 25 June 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Woo Koo-yeon, 28, was killed in the same manner as the 8th crime.
 * 14th, 2 July 2004, Mapo-gu, Seoul: Kim Mi-young, 26, was killed in the same manner as the 8th crime.
 * 15th, 9 July 2004 (Aesongi escort), Mapo-gu, Seoul: Go Sun-hee, 24, was killed in the same manner as the 8th crime.
 * 16th, 13 July 2004 (Aesongi escort), Mapo-gu, Seoul: Im Mi-yeon, 27, was killed in the same manner as the 8th crime.
 * At 5am, 15 July 2004, Yoo was captured by police near Grand-mart in Mapo-gu, Seoul.

In popular culture

 * The Chaser (2008), a feature film loosely based on Yoo's story
 * The Raincoat Killer: Chasing a Predator in Korea (2021), a Netflix original docuseries that recounts the hunt for Yoo

title: Yoo Young-chul


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hieu Le

Hieu Le
Delete for vanity... AtonX 23:35, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete or move to his user page, if any. FLafaire 23:43, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Vanity. -- Antaeus Feldspar 00:24, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Vanity by the Hieulinator. Geogre 02:18, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't Delete 68.163.242.26 -- User has two edits, one to this page.
 * Delete. Vanity. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 18:18, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't Delete 209.80.169.239 -- User has two edits, one to this page.
 * Ooh, talking hosiery! Delete as vanity and move content to user page. - Lucky 6.9 22:47, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Vanity. Delete. P Ingerson 11:39, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, drive-by vanity. Wyss 13:03, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity Carole a

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hieu Le


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Directorate of Operations

Directorate of Operations may refer to:

 * Directorate of Operations (DIA)
 * Directorate of Operations (CIA)

title: Directorate of Operations


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Danny Antonucci

Danny Antonucci (, ; born February 27, 1957) is a Canadian animator, director, producer, and writer. He created the Cartoon Network animated comedy series Ed, Edd n Eddy as well as Lupo the Butcher and The Brothers Grunt for MTV.

Antonucci dropped out of the Sheridan College of Visual Arts to take a job as an animator at Hanna-Barbera, and worked on a number of series: The Flintstone Comedy Show, Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo, The Smurfs, and Richie Rich. He continued his career in Vancouver, working on animated shorts and television commercials at International Rocketship Limited, where he created his first solo work, Lupo the Butcher. For MTV, Antonucci made a number of bumpers, his series The Brothers Grunt, and the title sequence to animation showcase program Cartoon Sushi. He went on to create Ed, Edd n Eddy on Cartoon Network.

Many of his commercials for Converse, ESPN and Levi's won a number of awards, with he keeps in a trash can by his desk. Lupo the Butcher was a successful short and is considered to be a cult classic.

Early life
Antonucci's parents were Italian immigrants to Canada. His experiences as a child in an immigrant family deeply influenced his later work, such as Lupo the Butcher.

Antonucci attended the Sheridan College of Visual Arts but quit to take a job as an animator at Canimage Production, a division of Hanna-Barbera.

Career
Starting his career as an animator, Antonucci worked on numerous shows, including The Flintstone Comedy Show, Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo, The Smurfs, and Richie Rich.

Intending to move to Los Angeles in 1984 to find more work, Antonucci landed in Vancouver, British Columbia. He landed a job at International Rocketship Limited, animating short films and television commercials. His first effort was on the short film Hooray for Sandbox Land.

International Rocketship Limited, foundation of a.k.a. Cartoon, and MTV work
Antonucci's first solo work was Lupo the Butcher, produced by International Rocketship Limited, about a short-tempered butcher who swears at the meat he is cutting and gets extremely mad at the smallest mistakes. Antonucci explains the short arose out of his own frustration at having to work in children's film for so long, and to try his hand at creating a full-fledged character on film. The short animated film screened at several film festivals, including Spike and Mike's Sick and Twisted Festival of Animation in the United States.

The 'Lupo' character was eventually licensed by the Converse athletic shoe company. This led to additional work, including animated commercials for Levi Strauss & Co. ESPN, Converse and MTV. He also originally created a mascot for Cartoon Network, known as the jester, as well as the mascot's bumpers.

On April 1, 1994, Antonucci started an animation company named a.k.a. Cartoon, which produced the short-lived MTV series The Brothers Grunt, which began airing in 1994 and ended its run in 1995. Antonucci went on to work on MTV's Cartoon Sushi show in 1997, directing, writing and providing voices, in addition to being responsible for the title sequence of the show.

Ed, Edd n Eddy
Feeling confined to "gross" and "edgy" work, such as his series The Brothers Grunt, Antonucci decided to produce an animated children's television show again with his company a.k.a. Cartoon. He resolved, however, to ensure that the series was produced in a way similar to the cartoon styles from the 1940s to the 1970s. Antonucci spent months designing the show, before trying to sell it to Nickelodeon. Nickelodeon told him that they would take the show, if they also obtained creative control. Antonucci refused to give it, and instead took the show to Cartoon Network. A deal was ultimately made for Cartoon Network to commission the show, after they agreed to let Antonucci go in his own direction.

Antonucci is a strong advocate of hand-drawn animation. The wobbling animation in Ed, Edd n Eddy is an homage to the hand-drawn cartoons with a style that harkens back to cartoons of the 1940s to the 1970s. To give the impression of movement, Ed, Edd n Eddy uses shimmering character outlines similar to Squigglevision. The crawling lines are not nearly as active as those in Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist, but are still visible, and Antonucci likens it to cartoons of the 1930s.

According to Antonucci, the characters were based on real people in his life. The personalities of Ed, Edd, and Eddy are based on personal traits of himself, and the activities of his two sons. The Eds also possess personality traits similar to The Three Stooges, whose money-making schemes and antics also invariably backfire. The cul-de-sac children and the Kanker Sisters were all based on children he grew up with. Antonucci also stated that he believed it was important to add Plank, a board of wood, to the show, stating that he "thought it would be really cool to do the show with Plank taking on a character of his own" and to cause Jonny to do things he would usually never do. He also stated that Rolf is strongly based on himself and his cousins, since he was part of an immigrant family, and grew up in a first-generation foreign household with different customs and ways of living.

Ed, Edd n Eddy is the only a.k.a. Cartoon show to have a movie based on the animated television series. The series' finale movie, Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, aired on November 8, 2009, officially ending the series.

WildBrain and upcoming series
While Antonucci was working on Ed, Edd n Eddy's Big Picture Show, it was announced on September 4, 2008 that he signed to WildBrain; Antonucci stated that he was "already kicking around three different ideas for his first WildBrain project". On June 11, 2013, US animator Joe Murray posted a short interview with Antonucci for his class on his website, and on the end wrote: "He's currently working on a new series, so rock on." In November 2020, Antonucci confirmed a series based on Lupo the Butcher was in development for release on Netflix which got canceled due to creative differences between Antonucci and Netflix.

Awards and nominations
Antonucci's first solo work Lupo the Butcher was a successful short and is considered to be a cult classic. Eric Fogel, creator of Celebrity Deathmatch, stated that Lupo the Butcher "opened [his] eyes to a world of animation that was strictly for grownups and inspired [him] to pursue a career path that was a bit more... twisted". Throughout his career, Antonucci received a number of awards. He worked on a number of award-winning commercials for Converse, ESPN and Levi's. In 1998, for his work on Cartoon Sushi, Antonucci received a National Cartoonists Society Division Award for Television Animation. Ed, Edd n Eddy received various awards and nominations; for his work on the series, he won a Reuben Award for Best Television Animation in 1999 and a Leo Award for Best Director in an Animated Production or Series in 2000. With an almost 11-year run, it remains the longest running original Cartoon Network series and Canadian-made animated series to date. It was also Cartoon Network's most popular series among boys ages 2–11. Bob Higgins, head of WildBrain, considered Ed, Edd n Eddy to be a "landmark in animation". Joe Murray, famous for creating the animated series Rocko's Modern Life and Camp Lazlo, called Antonucci "one of the founders and mainstays of modern animation".

Personal life
Antonucci has two children named Tex and Marlowe who were named after animator Tex Avery and the fictional character Philip Marlowe respectively.

title: Danny Antonucci


text:
Condition subsequent

A condition subsequent is a philosophical and legal term referring to a defined event which terminates a proposition or a contractual obligation. In contrast to a condition precedent, a condition subsequent brings the event (or obligation) to an end, rather than being necessary for to the event or obligation to occur.

In law, a condition subsequent is an event, or state of affairs, whose occurrence is automatically construed to terminate the obligation of one party to the other. One example is that, if a man agreed to pay a barber to shave his beard, the barber then failing to do so would terminate the man's obligation to pay. An exit clause is a form of condition subsequent that can serve as a form of insurance for the party to whom it applies.

In contract law, a contract may be frustrated on the occurrence of a condition subsequent: in a contract to provide a music hall for a musical performance, the burning down of the music hall may frustrate the contract and automatically bring it to an end. Taylor v Caldwell 3 B. & S. 826, 122 Eng. Rep. 309 (1863) In a loan agreement, a condition subsequent is one which the borrower is required to satisfy within a set time period following their acquisition of the funds. Failure to do so typically triggers a default. Conditions subsequent can be explicitly stated in the language of a contract, or implied by the nature of an agreement. Implicit conditions subsequent often apply in the case of retail transactions, like point of sale purchases.

In property law, a condition subsequent is an event which terminates a party's interest in a property. When land rights are subject to a condition subsequent, this creates a defeasible fee called a fee simple subject to condition subsequent.

In such a fee, the future interest is called a "right of reentry" or "right of entry." There, the fee simple subject to condition subsequent does not end automatically upon the happening of the condition, but if the specified future event occurs, the grantor has a right to retake his property (as opposed to it reverting to him automatically). Again, the right of entry is not automatic, but rather must be exercised to terminate the fee simple subject to condition subsequent. To exercise right of entry, the holder must take substantial steps to recover possession and title, for example, by filing a lawsuit.

One of the formulations used to create a fee simple subject to condition subsequent and a right of entry is "to A, but if A sells alcohol on the land, then grantor has the right of reentry."

Common uses include language such as "may", "but if", "however", or "provided that..."

Some examples of conditions subsequent often requested by parties to a contract include bankruptcy, divorce, or relocation to a different area; a contract with such conditions will free that party from obligation to carry out its terms if some unforeseen event causes the situation to change dramatically. Generally, the defendant has the burden of proof to demonstrate that conditions subsequent were met.

Compared to condition precedent
In comparison, a condition subsequent brings a duty to an end, whereas a condition precedent initiates a duty.

title: Condition subsequent


text:
Thomas Seddon

 * For the New Zealand politician see Tom Seddon

Thomas Seddon (28 August 1821 in London – 23 November 1856 in Cairo) was an English landscape painter associated with the Pre-Raphaelite movement, who painted colourful and highly detailed scenes of Brittany, Egypt, and Jerusalem.

Life

Seddon was born on 28 August 1821 in Aldersgate Street in the City of London, the son of a well-known cabinet-maker of the same name. He was educated at a school conducted on the Pestalozzian system by the Rev. Joseph Barron at Stanmore, and then worked for his father until 1841, when he was sent to Paris to study ornamental art.

He then returned to work in the family business. Although Seddon had already decided to become a painter, he continued to study design conscientiously, attending Thomas Leverton Donaldson's lectures on architecture and studying works in the British Museum. In 1848 his design for an ornamental sideboard won him a silver medal from the Society of Arts. Meanwhile, he took lessons at Charles Lucy's drawing school in Camden Town, and attended life classes held by the Artists' Society at Clipstone Street. In the summer of 1849, he went to North Wales, visiting Betws-y-Coed, then a popular destination for artists, where he made his first serious attempts at landscape painting.The next year he went to Barbizon in the forest of Fontainbleau, where he made some studies in oil.

By the beginning of 1848 Seddon had come into contact with the Pre-Raphaelite movement, having met Ford Madox Brown, and during 1850 he worked on a copy of Chaucer at the Court of Edward III in Brown's studio. Around this time he was also involved in the setting up of the North London School of Drawing and Modelling, an art school for working men in Camden Town. At the end of 1850 he suffered a severe attack of rheumatic fever, during which—apparently close to death—he was reconciled with organised religion, having stopped attending church some years before; according to his brother's memoir "those that knew him best regard[ed] that sickness as the turning point in his spiritual history, and the commencement of his practical Christianity." Just after this illness Seddon left his father's business, which was about to be relocated  to Gray's Inn Road. He moved to rooms in Percy Street, off Tottenham Court Road, where he completed a painting of figure subject, Penelope, which was his first work to be shown at the Royal Academy. He visited Wales again in late 1851 and the following summer went to Dinan in Brittany where his sisters were staying; a landscape painted there was shown at the Royal Academy the next year.

Seddon spent much of the early part of 1853 preparing for a journey to Egypt in the company of one of the Brotherhood's founders, William Holman Hunt. In June he went to Dinan again, where he painted a large and elaborate landscape showing the ruined monastery of Léhon. Seddon left France for Egypt in November, arriving in Alexandria on 6 December, and moved on to Cairo, Hunt not having yet arrived.

Seddon and Hunt set up camp near the Pyramids, with another Englishman called Nicholson, who was terminally ill, and died there. Then, in a change of plan, the two artists decided to move on to Jerusalem, sailing from the mouth of the Nile in late May. On arrival Seddon left Hunt in the city, and pitched a tent on a hill looking up the valley of Jehosophat, with a view of the biblical sites of the Garden of Gethsemane and the Mount of Olives, from where he painted much of the highly finished landscape Jerusalem and the Valley of Jehoshaphat from the Hill of Evil Counsel. He left the city for France in October 1854.

Although the Valley of Jehosphat was exhibited with the subtitle Painted on the Spot during the Summer and Autumn Months, Seddon continued to work  on it in Dinan, along with another oil painting and two watercolours also begun  in Jerusalem,. He finally finished it, with some help from Hunt, following his return to London in January 1855  and showed it for the first time at an exhibition in his studio in Berners Street in March of the same year. His Eastern subjects were exhibited again the following year in Conduit Street.

In October 1856 Seddon visited Cairo again, but died of dysentery there on 23 November. In 1857 his works were exhibited in the gallery of the Society of Arts, and Jerusalem and the Valley of Jehoshaphat, was purchased by subscription and presented to the National Gallery. John Ruskin pronounced Seddon's views of Egypt and Palestine to be "the first landscapes uniting perfect artistical skill with topographical accuracy; being directed, with stern self-restraint, to no other purpose than that of giving to persons who cannot travel trustworthy knowledge of the scenes which ought to be most interesting to them".

A memoir of Seddon, by his brother, John Pollard Seddon, was published in 1859.

title: Thomas Seddon


text:
Edward Prior

Edward Prior may refer to:

 * Edward Gawler Prior (1853–1920), Canadian politician
 * Edward Schroeder Prior (1857–1932), art professor at Cambridge University

title: Edward Prior


text:
Leo Hindery

Leo J. Hindery Jr. is a serial entrepreneur, fund manager, former public-company chairman and CEO, author, political activist and philanthropist.

Mr. Hindery served as chairman and CEO of Trine Acquisition Corp., a NYSE-listed SPAC which went public in March 2019 and went effective with its merger with Desktop Metal, Inc. (NYSE: DM) in early 2021, and of a follow-on NYSE-listed SPAC under the Trine name that went public in the third quarter of 2021 and returned funds to its public investors in the second quarter of 2023.

In 1988, Hindery founded and ran as managing partner InterMedia Partners, a series of media industry investment funds. In November 1999, Hindery was named chairman and CEO of GlobalCenter Inc., a major Internet services company which fourteen months later merged into Exodus Communications, Inc.

Following this merger, until October 2004, he was the founding chairman and CEO of The YES Network the regional television home of the New York Yankees, after which he reconstituted and ran InterMedia Partners until the founding of Trine.

In February 1997 he was named president and CEO of Tele-Communications, Inc. (TCI), then the world's largest cable television system operator. In March 1999, TCI merged into AT&T Corporation and Hindery became president and CEO of AT&T Broadband.

He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and from 2003 through December 2007 was Senate-appointed vice chair of the HELP Commission formed by an Act of Congress to improve U.S. foreign assistance. He is a member of the Hall of Fame of the Minority Media & Telecommunications Council, co-chair of the Task Force on Jobs Creation and was the founder of Jobs First 2012. He is a director of Hemisphere Media Group, Inc.

Hindery is a member of the Cable Industry Hall of Fame, was formerly chairman of the National Cable Television Association and of C-SPAN, and has been recognized as one of the cable industry's "25 Most Influential Executives Over the Past 25 Years".

He was co-founder along with Russian Federation Council Chairman Sergey Mironov of Transatlantic Partners Against AIDS (TPAA) and recipient of the Asia Society's Founders Award for his efforts in the international fight against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. From 2005 through 2007, Hindery was Democrat-appointed vice chair of the Presidential & Congressional HELP Commission which made recommendations to Congress for the reform of U.S. foreign assistance.

Hindery has written two books: It Takes a CEO: It’s Time to Lead with Integrity and The Biggest Game of All.

Hindery now lives in Cornelius, North Carolina. He has an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business, and a BA from Seattle University.

Politics

 * In 2004, his name was floated as a possible successor to Terry McAuliffe as head of the Democratic National Committee.
 * Hindery served as Senior Economic Policy Advisor for presidential candidate John Edwards from December 2006 until February 2008. In 2008 Hindery was an economic and trade advisor to then-presidential candidate Barack Obama, and in 2012 served as an economic policy surrogate for President Obama. On the withdrawal of Bill Richardson as nominee for Secretary of Commerce on January 4, 2009, it was suggested that he might be a suitable replacement.
 * Hindery endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

Motorsport
Hindery was the chairman of Port Imperial Racing Associates, the organizer of the proposed Grand Prix of America Formula 1 race to be held at the Port Imperial Street Circuit in New Jersey, United States. The race was included in the Formula 1 calendar for 2013, 2014 and 2015 but was ultimately cancelled due to a lack of funding.

A now-retired race car driver, Hindery's racing résumé includes a Class win at the 24 Hours of Le Mans (24 Heures du Mans) in 2005 and a Class second-place finish in 2003. He is a member of the NASCAR Winston West Hall of Fame.

Awards

 * He was inducted in the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame in 2021.

Books

 * It Takes a CEO ISBN 0-7432-6985-3
 * The Biggest Game of All ISBN 0-7432-2900-2.

title: Leo Hindery


text:
First Album

First Album, The First Album, or 1st Album may refer to:

 * The 1st Album (Modern Talking album), 1985
 * First Album (Miss Kittin & The Hacker album), 2001
 * First Album (The International Playboys album), 2002
 * 1st Album (5566 album), 2002
 * First Album (Twelve album), 2003
 * The First Album (183 Club album), 2006
 * First Album (Tofubeats album), 2014
 * First Album (Kiss Kiss album), 2023
 * The Fugs First Album, a 1965 album by the Fugs
 * ZZ Top's First Album, a 1970 album by ZZ Top
 * James Taylor (album), a 1968 album by James Taylor; released in South Africa as First Album
 * Wild Horses (Wild Horses album), 1980; later reissued as The First Album
 * Madonna (Madonna album), 1983; later reissued as Madonna: The First Album
 * First Album, a 1992 album by Dive

title: First Album


text:
User:Nashikawa/Copyrights

I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below: Nashikawa 23:38, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Nashikawa/Copyrights


text:
Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/December 2004

On December 12, 2004, there was a Wikipedia meetup at the Moonstruck Cafe in New York City (23rd Street and 9th Avenue). Jimbo, Angela, and Anthere all managed to attend.

Prior to the meetup, Sj had posted the phone number for the restaurant. Danny had gone ahead and made reservations. The day before, some wiseguy called ahead and cancelled the reservation. Very cute. Fortunately, we were able to get most of the back room, so this did not present a serious problem.

Danny and Sj presented Jimbo with a copy of Jimbo in Purgatory, by Gary Panter, an illustrated novel (i.e., hardcover comic book). According to the Publishers Weekly description on Amazon: "Jimbo, a cross between Candide and Virgil, makes his way through a vast science fiction–like infotainment-testing center constructed as Mount Purgatory." Our resident cross between Candide and Virgil said he would read it that very evening.

Two members of the media were present. Dan Pink, of Wired, was working on an article for the printed version of the magazine. That article did not include mention of the New York meetup, but some of the Wikipedians in attendance were featured in the article. It can now be seen online. Pink said that an article was needed because Wikipedia had become "an Internet phenomenon".

Artist and filmmaker Geo Geller (see his website) was also there, and had brought along a video camera. He filmed an interview with Jimbo, for possible future use in a documentary.

Attendees

 * 1) Angela
 * 2) Anthere
 * 3) CJM
 * 4) Danny
 * 5) JamesMLane
 * 6) Jimbo Wales
 * 7) Isomorphic
 * 8) Morris
 * 9) Paullaw (Dennis)
 * 10) Ram-Man
 * 11) Raul654
 * 12) TheSteve
 * 13) Sj
 * 14) TomPreuss
 * 15) UtherSRG

Quiz
As is fast becoming tradition, there was a quiz at this meetup. (Take it!). The results were as follows:

 * Angela - 41 points
 * Isomorphic - 24 points
 * Jimbo - 24 points
 * SJ - 20 points
 * Anthere - 14 points
 * Tom Preuss - 13 points
 * UtherSRG - 5 points
 * MPerl - 2 points
 * Ram-man - 0 points (blank)

title: Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/December 2004


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Requests for penectomy

Wikipedia:Requests for penectomy
 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was SPEEDY DELETE Vacuum c 17:32, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)

Requests for penectomy
see also, penectomy Wolfman 23:39, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete silliness. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:07, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Requests for penectomy. Silliness and not likely to lead to anything good.  -- Antaeus Feldspar 01:12, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * LOL! I suppose I'm immature, but I found it funny. Delete even still. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]]
 * Delete: Taunting. (I think, actually, that there are a few members of the Wikipedia community who are actually seeking a penotomy with orchiotomy, so those folks would definitely not be entertained.)  Besides, it has to be a penotomy by consensus.  Geogre 02:20, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Why there are no speedy criteria for things like this I don't know. Plus, it's sexist; it ought to be Requests for penectomy or vaginectomy. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 02:33, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Seriously, though. It's a pretty clear case of forging comments, and also personal attacks. Why wait 5 days to throw it in the trash can? [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 02:35, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This type of behavior would only be allowed if User:Invisible were part of the cabal, as is in print. Voice from Above 03:11, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: probable sockpuppet. Rossami (talk)
 * Hillarious. Keep.^H^H^H^H^HDelete.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 07:13, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, how is this not patent nonsense? Gazpacho 10:08, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Troll. Delete. Kosebamse 11:24, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Trolling. jni 12:50, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy delete under case 3 - vandalism. Rossami (talk) 16:45, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Cut it off. EventHorizon 03:48, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedied. Vandalism and/or nonsense. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 17:40, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Ligbi language

The Ligbi (or Ligby) people speak a Mande language in Ghana, in the north-west corner of the Brong-Ahafo Region. Ligbi is spoken by approximately 10,000 speakers (1988 GILLBT/SIL). It is fairly closely related to Jula, Vai and Kono. A small population of Ligbi speakers (around 4,000) is reported to live in Ivory Coast (Vanderaa 1991). Ligbi is also known as Wela (Hwela) or Numu. The latter of these refers to a subsection of the Ligbi people; Numu is Dyula for 'blacksmith'. (See blacksmiths of western Africa.)

The Ligbi area in Ghana is bordered to the west by Nafaanra, the Senufo language of the Nafana people. The Ligbi people have come to the area of Begho (Bighu), an ancient trading town on the Tain river in Ghana, in the early 17th century before the Nafana. Ligbi has seven oral and seven nasal vowels. It is a tonal language with two level tones, High and Low. Syllables are of the form (C1)V(C2) or N (a syllabic nasal), where CV is the most common syllable type. C1 can be any of the consonants, whereas the optional C2 slot can have only nasals homorganic with the following consonants, e.g., gbá m mádáánè "nine houses," gbá n táà "ten houses." V (a vowel) alone occurs word-initial only in personal pronouns, some loan words, and names, e.g., á jádɛ̀ "we have come."

title: Ligbi language


text: Category:Foundations

title: Category:Foundations


text:
Pontiac Parisienne

The Pontiac Parisienne is a full-size rear-wheel drive vehicle that was sold by Pontiac on the GM B platform in Canada from 1958 to 1986 and in the United States from 1983 to 1986. Right-hand drive models were locally assembled in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa until 1969. For most of its run, the Canadian Parisienne was nearly mechanically identical to the American Chevrolet Impala or Chevrolet Caprice. The Parisienne wagon continued under the Safari nameplate until 1989. Parisienne or La Parisienne means a grammatically female person or thing from Paris, France.

Differences from US Pontiacs
The Parisienne entered the production lineup as a sub-series within the Laurentian line in the 1958 model year. Parisienne became a separate model in 1959.

For most of its life, the Parisienne was the Canadian nameplate for the top-of-the-line model sold in GM of Canada's Pontiac showrooms. Parisiennes were distinct from other Canadian Pontiac models by their standard features: the luxuriousness of upholstery fabrics; standard equipment such as courtesy interior and trunk lights; bright trim mouldings in the interior; distinct exterior accent chrome pieces; and availability of two- and four-door hardtops and convertibles.

In particular, Canadian "full size" Pontiacs were actually closely related to Chevrolets, making use of the economical Chevrolet chassis and drivetrain, though with the American Pontiac-styled exterior body panels (They weren't the same as U.S. Pontiac panels since they had to fit the shorter-wheelbase 119-inch Chevrolet "X" frame. U.S. Pontiacs used a full perimeter frame.) and interior instrument panels. As Chevrolets under the skin, Canadian Pontiacs including the Parisienne used the same engines and transmissions as full-size Chevys, including the 230 and 250 cubic inch 6 cylinder and 283, 307, 327, 350, 396, 400, 409, 427 and 454 cu inch V8s. These engines were mated to the same transmissions as Chevrolet, including 3 and 4 speed manual and the 2 speed Powerglide and later the three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic automatic transmissions.

The first Parisienne, offered for the 1958 model year, was a super deluxe "halo" model in the Laurentian line, much like Chevrolet's Bel Air Impala of the same year. Chevrolet's Ramjet fuel injection system, introduced in 1957 in the U.S., was a Parisienne option as well. It was marketed as the "Power Chief" option, but it was identical to Chevy's Ramjet. Also available for the first year Parisienne was Chevrolet's Turboglide automatic transmission.

Built in the same GM of Canada assembly plant in Oshawa, Ontario, Pontiacs had parallel model lineups as "full size" Chevrolets: the Pontiac "Strato Chief" had similar trim level and upholstery as Chevrolet's "Biscayne", the "Laurentian" matched the trim level of the Chevrolet "Bel Air" and while the Parisienne offered similar amenities as Chevrolet's "Impala", the Pontiac version had unique and more costly upholstery fabrics, and beginning in 1964 the "Custom Sport" (later rebadged the "2+2") two-door hardtop and convertible model line was in lock-step with Chevrolet's "Super Sport". Finally, starting in 1966 Pontiac offered the "Grande Parisienne", in two-door and four-door hardtop models parallel to Chevrolet's luxurious "Caprice," although Grande Parisiennes through 1967 used the styling of the US-market Grand Prix. Also for 1967 and 1968 a Grande Parisienne wagon was offered. Through most of its life, the Parisienne resembled the US-market Bonneville despite its Chevrolet underpinnings.

In contrast, the Pontiac Motor Division of GM in the US manufactured models with drivetrains, chassis and equipment unique from the other GM stablemates—Chevrolet, Oldsmobile, Buick, and Cadillac. Through much of the 1950s through 1970s, the American Pontiac model lineup included the "Catalina", "Ventura", "Executive", "Star Chief" and as the top of the line model, the "Bonneville". Additionally, unique to the US lineup until 1969 was the "Grand Prix", a distinct 2-door hardtop model with unique styling features and both luxury and "sporty" accoutrements such high output V8s, bucket seats, tachometers and flashy trim pieces.

The mix of Pontiac exterior styling on an economical Chevrolet chassis and drivetrain at a price point marginally higher than Chevrolet, was a huge marketing success for GM of Canada. For decades, full-size Pontiacs took third place behind Chevrolet and Ford in sales, typically 70,000 plus units annually. In contrast, heavier and bulkier American Pontiacs, with far higher sticker prices and higher operating costs due to large-displacement V8s requiring high-octane fuel, would have little appeal in the Canadian marketplace for a number of reasons: a population base one tenth the size of the U.S., a less stratified society with lower disposable incomes, more prudent spending and savings sensibilities, and higher taxes and gasoline prices. On the manufacturing side, maintaining unique part availability for a low-sales vehicle along with import-export tariffs and barriers between the U.S. and Canada would make the sale of American Pontiacs unprofitable in Canada.

In 1977, GM downsized its full-sized lineup. Pontiac continued with the Catalina and Bonneville nameplates it had used since 1973, but the cars failed to manage the sales volume of their divisional siblings and were dropped completely in 1981. However, the Bonneville name was then simply switched to the smaller G-body Pontiac (the cousin of the Chevrolet Malibu, Oldsmobile Cutlass, and Buick Regal) for 1982. Previously, those cars had been sold as the LeMans, but sales were poor and GM decided to swap nameplates on the grounds that Bonneville carried higher name recognition among customers.

With the recession of 1979–82 lifting and gas prices beginning to drop, sales of larger cars began to pick up and so Pontiac dealers began demanding the return of the full-sized B-body line. However, the U.S. assembly plants used for the Catalina/Bonneville had been converted over to other uses, thus GM had to now source Pontiac B-bodies from Canada, where the line had not been discontinued.

Even though the re-sized Bonneville was also sold in Canada, the full-size Parisienne continued for 1982, although its distinct Pontiac front- and rear-end treatments and interiors were largely replaced with Chevrolet components (described in detail below). At the request of US Pontiac dealerships who still wanted a full-size rear wheel drive car to replace the lost U.S. market share and gain back traditional Pontiac customers who longed for a large rear wheel drive car, the Parisienne was imported from Oshawa, Ontario, Canada and sold in the United States beginning in the 1983 model year, retaining the model name "Parisienne" and specs from the Canadian original. Externally, it was a rebadged Chevrolet Impala (1983-84 models (and 1982 in Canada) had the Impala rear taillight panel fitted with Pontiac-spec taillight lenses, whereas the nose was borrowed from the Chevrolet Caprice fitted with a Pontiac grille). The 1985 and 1986 models resumed use of the rear-end styling from the 1980 to 1981 Bonneville. Two Parisienne ranges were sold: a base model (similar to the former Catalina and the then-current Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale) in four-door sedan and Safari station wagon form, and a more-luxurious Brougham four-door sedan (with velour upholstery that featured loose-pillow fitted seats). The two-door version of the 1977-81 B-bodies did not return to the US market, although it persisted in Canada through 1983.

Third generation: 1965–1970
In 1965 Pontiac Parisienne grille appeared as the Bonneville grille, with the exception of the Custom Sport grille which was taken from US 1965 Pontiac Grand Prix. Although the powertrain offerings paralleled the Chevrolet full size powertrain lineup, 1965 was an exception. The Canadian full size Pontiacs never came with a 396 in 1965 but continued with the 409 as an optional engine until the 1966 model year was introduced. 1967 brought new styling including new grilles. There were also new safety features, such as a collapsible steering column and dual braking system.

The 1968 model was the last model for right-hand-drive assembly in those markets as supplied by the Oshawa plant, following General Motors in the United States decision to cease all RHD exports in 1968. Nevertheless, the 1968 model continued to be locally assembled for a further year in Australia and New Zealand, and for two more years in South Africa.

Fourth generation: 1971–1976
For 1971, GM's new "B" and "C" bodies were the largest ever produced. During this generation in the Parisienne, the 350 2 bbl Chevrolet engine was now the standard powerplant with a 4 bbl version and a 400 2 bbl being optional. However, the larger Chevrolet 454 engine was replaced for the first time with the same larger powerplants as U.S. market Pontiacs. Thus, the Pontiac 400 & 455 cubic-inch V8 were now offered as options on selected full size models.

The Grande Parisienne name was no longer used after 1970 and the Parisienne became the Parisienne Brougham in 1971, which was virtually the same car as the American Catalina and its 123.5 inch wheelbase. The Canadian Laurentian model continued.

In 1971 the Grand Ville and Bonneville models were introduced to Canada, with their 126-inch wheelbase, along with the Catalina model.

The Grand Ville had a front bench seat with a center armrest or an optional 60/40 divided seat with armrest. The Bonneville and Parisienne Brougham had a front bench seat without an armrest.

Starting with the 1972 model year, all V8-powered Canadian Pontiacs got the Turbo Hydra-Matic as the standard transmission. Six cylinder models (Laurentian only) got a 3-speed manual as standard.

In 1973 all full-size Pontiac models were given a 124-inch wheelbase before being downsized for the 1977 model year.

While the Bonneville remained for 1976, 1975 was the last year for the Grand Ville in both the U.S. and Canada, with the Bonneville Brougham replacing the Grand Ville in 1976.

Fifth generation: 1977–1986
For 1977 model year, the full-sized GM cars (B-platform and C-platform) were greatly downsized, losing hundreds of pounds in weight and several inches in length while retaining the similar amount of interior space. Smaller, lighter bodies allowed the smaller engines, which led to the lower fuel consumption.

The 1977–1981 Parisienne shared the same front end and taillight design with Bonnevilles sold in the United States. When the full-size GM cars were revised in 1980, Parisienne sedan and coupe gained the formal roof with near-vertical rear windscreen. The revised grille became narrower in width, and the front turn signal indicators were moved from the bumpers to the positions between main and high beam headlights. The cornering lamp was moved higher from the lower chrome trim to the body. The taillights were revised to be more vertical and had deeper inserts between the chrome trims.

When General Motors revised the G-platform in 1982, Pontiac in the United States renamed LeMans as Bonneville Model G, moving the nameplate down from the full-size to mid-size car. The full-size B-platform car was renamed as Parisienne, making it the first time that Parisienne was sold in the United States.

For 1982, Parisienne was revised to base on Chevrolet Caprice with different grille insert and taillight trim. For both Canadian and American markets, Parisienne was again available as sedan, coupe, and station wagon along with both V6 and V8 engines from the various divisions. Parisienne remained in production until 1986 with minor annual trim revisions.

Of all models based on B-platform (1977–1996), Parisienne and Bonneville (until its transfer to G-platform in 1982), were only one to have detachable rear wheel skirts. The wheel skirts were eliminated for 1982, only to return again for 1985 as to differentiate Parisienne further from Caprice. With that differentiation the Parisienne returned to using the rear quarter panels, decklid and wraparound taillamps previously used on the 1980–81 Bonneville. Wheel skirts were never fitted to the station wagon models.

Exports
The Oshawa plant was responsible for export of Chevrolet and Pontiac vehicles to right-hand-drive (RHD) markets and Pontiac Parisiennes and Laurentians were exported in Knock-down kit form to those markets until 1968.

The '61-'64 models had the '61 Pontiac dash reversed for RHD (also shared with Chevrolets) and '65 to '68 used an adapted version of the 1965 Chevrolet Impala dash panel, again shared with Chevrolets.

Oshawa plant assembly of RHD Chevrolets and Pontiacs ceased after 1968 at the behest of General Motors in the United States.

Australia
Parisiennes and Laurentians were shipped to Australia and assembled at GM's Holden plant in Dandenong, Victoria, using some domestic parts such as seats, heaters, opposing windscreen wipers and 2 speed ventilation systems. The Laurentian was built until 1963 and the Parisienne until 1968. Australian cars were assembled from Complete Knock-down (CKD) kits (welded and painted locally.) As red rear turn signals were illegal in Australia, Australian cars had to have amber lenses drilled into the rear bumper or trunk lid (depending on the model) with the turn signals rewired to flash through them. The 1968 model was the last RHD model to be exported internationally, hence all Australian 1969 cars are 1968 models assembled for a further year.

New Zealand
Canadian Parisiennes, Laurentians, and Impalas were sent as Semi Knock-down (SKD) kit cars (completed body locally assembled to frame) to New Zealand and assembled at GM New Zealand's Petone plant until 1969. As with Australia, New Zealand 1969 models are 1968 models assembled for one more year.

Europe
Pontiac "kit cars" were also assembled by G.M. Continental, in Antwerp, Belgium

South Africa
Canadian Pontiacs were assembled by General Motors South Africa in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The last 1968 Parisienne models were assembled in South Africa well into 1970.

Philippines
The 3rd Generation Pontiac Parisienne was also built at the Philippines by Yutivo Sons Hardware Corporation.

Successor
The Parisienne still sold well when GM decided to drop the line after the 1986 model year with no replacement. A front wheel drive model with the Bonneville name had similar dimensions versus the 1982 mid-size model, classifying the car as a full-size by the EPA; however, the wagon model (known just as "Safari") continued until 1989.

While the Parisienne name was retired in 1986, big Pontiac fans got a completely new, but full-sized, Bonneville for 1987. This car featured front-wheel drive and a V6 as standard, in line with the contemporary Cadillac, Buick and Oldsmobile big models. Rear-wheel drive sedans returned to the Pontiac lineup with the Holden-sourced Pontiac G8 in 2008.

GM did retain the Parisienne name into the late 80's on exports to the Middle East which were re-badged Caprices.

title: Pontiac Parisienne


text:
User talk:Ejrrjs/archive

Could you be specific about what you consider objectionably "pedantic" in infinite monkey theorem, and in particular why you object to the "pedantic usage note"? The latter seems useful to anyone who might edit math articles on Wikipedia. Michael Hardy 23:27, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Admin nomination
Hi. While I appreciate your vote, even though it's a negative one, I think you overestimate me when you claim that I'm "hungry for power." This is a volunteer site on which I greatly enjoy contributing. I have lots of other hobbies and activities that keep me busy, not to mention a job which I enjoy. Next, I did not nominate myself. I accepted a nomination from another user. Finally, my harsh comments were all directed at anonymous repeat vandals. While I regret leaving the statements, they were made out of the frustration of being unable to immediately delete the listings and ban the vandal's IP. I would greatly appreciate it if you withdrew your unfounded personal attack. Please feel free to keep the negative vote if you wish, but I strongly feel that the "power" comment was uncalled for. Thank you for your consideration. - Lucky 6.9 20:35, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much. I genuinely appreciate your action in this matter.  Best, Lucky 6.9 22:36, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Monopoly
No problems. I thought it looked accidental :) -- Chuq 00:18, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Falklands War
I didn't say the sovereignty issue was settled, "Argentina still claims" explains that the issue is still disputed. Kappa 21:28, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I'm sorry you didn't like my change, but "unsettled" seems to be Argentinian POV. How about "while the sovereignty issues remain contested"? Kappa 22:25, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Goddams Ches
Do you really think that "Che" is the proper (and only) place in Wikipedia to refer to a French mediaeval slur directed to Englishmen?

Best, Ejrrjs 09:27, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * No, I just think it's better than Che Guevara, which is where I moved it from. Frankly, I could care less where it ends up, I just wanted it out of an obviously inappropriate place but it seemed a bit too good a morsel to delete outright. If you have a better suggestion, go for it. -- Jmabel | Talk 19:16, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

Akrotiri and Dhekelia vote
I urge you to reconsider your vote on the inclusion of Akrotiri and Dhekelia as dependencies in Europe at Template talk:Europe. The CIA World Factbook now lists them as dependencies of the UK and has separate entries for the two ( & .) They also have this note posted on the main page :

 * Recent confirmation that the United Kingdom Government administers the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia on Cyprus as dependencies (and not as lease areas like the US Guantanamo Bay Naval Station in Cuba) has required a changing of their status and their addition to the Factbook as new entities.

Thanks. —Cantus… ☎   06:12, Jan 14, 2005 (UTC)

Biografía y Vidas == ==

Hi, my thought on ByV re: Guillermo Cabrera Infante was: either it is a reliable source (and we keep it) or it is not (and we trash it). As far as I could see in this case, every detail given by ByV seemed ok, and there was another source supporting it.

Best, Ejrrjs | What? 01:49, 14 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I guess ByV is not actively wrong on anything, but it's very confusing and incomplete. One could make a lot of wrong guesses from it. And, in general, I take that site with a grain of salt. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:57, Mar 14, 2005 (UTC)

mate categorization
ejrrjs- Maté contains caffeine; furthermore, it is used as a stimulant like coffee, tea, coca tea, and so on. That clearly puts it into the Herbal & fungal drugs/medicines category. People don't just drink it for the taste, (although it is delicious!); they drink it for its other properties as well. my assumption is that you are reacting the negative connotation of "drug", which is understandable, but the category is "herbal and fungal drugs/medicines", which range from chamomile tea to coffee to ayahuasca/jage. the category is pretty heavy right now on the "drugs" with less of the "medicines", but this is temporary; healing poultices, psychoactives, and mild stimulants all have places there. I've put maté back into the category, for all of the above reasons; this will also be posted on the maté talk page.Heah 17:56, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * thanks, There are extremely unreliable anecdotal reports that maté may induce very light hallucinogenic effects (on the order of nutmeg) in some especially sensitive individuals is definitely not at all what i was thinking of when categorizing it!Heah 18:31, 18 apr 2005 (UTC)

Borges's ancestry
Borges embraced the diversity of his ancestry (he was, after all, something of a multiculturalist). I can't offhand cite a specific allusion to the Catalan part of his background in his writings, but I'd bet dollars to donuts that it is there, and probably quite a few times. (I've more noticed the allusions to Portuguese and Danish ancestry.) I think he alludes to it in "Yo Judío", but I am at work and don't have access to my book collection at this moment; I'll look it up when I get a chance. I think it honors his spirit (and certainly the spirit of that particular essay) to indicate as much diversity as possible in his background.

As for the notion that Catalunya is Spain: well, legally, yes, but culturally, in a country so diverse, region is relevant, especially a region with that distinct a culture. If an American had both New Englander and Southern ancestry, I'd be liable to mention that, on the same grounds.

Question: would you make the same argument about not mentioning Basque ancestry if he had that? -- Jmabel | Talk 01:03, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * Nope, no mention in "Yo Judío". This actually has me intrigued, I'll try to get to this. Feel free to remove pending investigation. -- Jmabel | Talk 04:00, Apr 20, 2005 (UTC)

Marjorie Pay Hinckley
I saw no consensus there. Even RickK's nomination suggested perhaps a merge was the best option. I saw two keeps and four deletes, and one non-vote, all valid, which I don't consider consensus, and second opinions from more seasoned admins than I concurred. "When in doubt, don't delete." So for lack of consensus I would have kept; this was not a clear delete. However, as an editor who believes in not leaving messes around for others to clean up, I merged it myself, as seems to be what frequently happens to such articles. If you're strongly opposed to my action, someone else's judgment may well be different. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 20:32, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't know about you, but I have never before seen an admin call a 2/3 majority in favor of deletion a lack of consensus. I think you and I need to get this decision changed.  I have never seen an admin disregard consensus in this fashion before, so I am not sure what to do next.  I have sent Mindspillage another message asking if there is a procedure.  Any help you can give me in correcting this gross disregard of the VfD process would be appreciated. Indrian 20:54, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * I have posted on this subject on the Administrators' noticeboard. Indrian 21:16, Apr 28, 2005 (UTC)

Categories
Hi there! I just wanted to ask you to add the corresponding Categories to your articles, since it makes it otherwise impossible to know what articles exist in that area. (eg: José Marrone). Thanks a lot, and keep up the good work! -Mariano 08:21, 2005 Jun 10 (UTC)
 * I see you still don't pay much attention to Categories. At least try using this 3:, , for Argentine related articles, otherwise it's almost impossible to find new articles (Serodino, Juan José Saer, Manuel Sadosky, etc...).

 * Something more: When adding "|lastname, name" to a category for sorting porpouses, don't use accents (as they are not correctly sorted). Thanks, -Mariano June 29, 2005 12:04 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/European Union member states at the 2004 Summer Olympics
You might be interested to have a look. Regards. --Pgreenfinch 16:06, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Subjectless
Please can we have a source for your claim that these Argentinian places have been named the Malvinas after the Falkland Islkands, and to reflect Argentina's sovereignty claims. Cheers, SqueakBox 15:35, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

Where from?
Are you Argentine? If you are, this link might be useful: WikiProject Argentina

Also, you can add yourself to

--Sebastian Kessel Talk 18:37, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Awesome!! :)

--Sebastian Kessel Talk 18:43, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Malvinas
Totally, if you look, somebody took the out and I plan to fight that as much as I can... One thing is to be NPOV and another to be blind. :)

--Sebastian Kessel Talk 18:54, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

My RfA
Thanks for your vote in my RfA. I'll do my best to live up to the wiki standards and be a good admin! Gracias! :)

--Sebastian Kessel Talk 15:57, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

List of Argentine Jews
Quick question: are you sure Gregorio and León Klimovsky are Jewish? I couldn't find anything online in either English or Spanish. Many thanks, Udzu 21:33, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow, that was quick! I was in fact just to about to link to a FACCMA article on the book "Herencias de la inmigración judía en Argentina", which lists Gregorio Klimovsky as well as 49 other figures. It may be worth scouring the list for other names to add... Thanks again, Udzu 23:02, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Articles for deletion/List of victims of the American Civil War
Could you please revisit the discussion, read my comments there and consider changing your vote?

I think two reasons used to delete this are faulty:

 * 1) This list includes information which would be lost if categorized. Categories cannot list the date and manner of death in a organized manner as lists do. Categorizing would lose the info.
 * 2) Wikipedia is not a memorial doesn't apply as that rule is for people who do not deserve an article. These people played major roles in the American Civil War and therefore do not fall under the memorial clause of WP:NOT. They already have articles, and lists listing closely related people should not be deleted because they happen to be dead.

Thanks for your attention. - Mgm|(talk) 10:09, 14 November 2005 (UTC)

Malvinas/Falklands
I note some of your comments on these islands and wish to understand something that is not clear to me. While the Argentine and UK governments may wish to put a territorial claim on these islands, I don't understand why any "person in the street" in either country would care, other than on reason to support the population's wishes there (irrespective of history) I realise many Argentines have expressed a wish to have the Malvinas back, but I genuinely don't understand why, given the fact there are no Argentines living there now. I can only think from my own perspective that if something was 1. once part of my own country over 170 years ago, 2. is now separate or part of another, and 3. that there is no signifcant wish in their population to return, then I would have no wish to say that it should be part of my country. I would therefore like to geunine know what the reasons for the oridnary Argentine's wish to see the islands as part of their territory? Dainamo 23:53, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

Sorry did you answer this? I would be very interested to hear your views Nickhk 12:19, 9 January 2006 (UTC)nickhk

Sorry for my late reply - I appreciate your response (And BTW am very pleased that you are contributing to the English Wikipedia helping it be more than an American/British/Australian view of the world). The article you suggest would be excellent too, let me know if I can help.

But enough plaudits. I do think it is deeply interesting that although we both appear to be reasonably self-aware, educated etc it seems to be deeply instinctive in us to revert to a view that, whilst avoiding a dogmatic "my country right or wrong" puts our nationality first. Patriotism has a lot to answer for. For me one of the nice things about living in Hong Kong is the relative absence of country (although the Chinese government are trying to change this with videos of Chinese achievements before the news). For now I love the fact that the most bellicose picture on a HK bank note is a picture of a bridge Nickhk 14:59, 1 February 2006 (UTC)Nickhk

Babel
Could you consider adding this template to your userpage? It is very helpful in case translators are needed and such.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 15:00, 9 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you. Out of the various user categorization scheme, I think this one is quite useful.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 20:50, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Linguistic history of Spanish
Thanks for the help with that page...I hope we didn't get off on the wrong foot with the chat on English/Spanish etymology talk page. If you have any special knowledge about the spread of Spanish in the colonozition/conquistadore era, (or any post-1492 era really) I think that section in History of Spanish really needs to be expanded...it's really scant. I appreciate any feedback about any of those Spanish etymology pages. My forte is etymological research/ reading dictionaries constantly and sometimes my Spanish translations can be... er... clumsy.--Hraefen 22:11, 16 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Cool...any help is appreciated. What is the Argentine board?--Hraefen 22:50, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Galicia
Recently WikiProject Galicia has been created. Perhaps you are interested in joining us to help improving Galicia articles in English Wikipedia. --Stoni(talk) 14:18, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Rosa Chacel
Hi Ejrrjs: Thanks for letting me know you are plannig to make changes to Rosa Chacel. I made the article out of love for my Spaniard brothers and sisters. I myself am Puerto Rican, just wanted to let you know I did it with the utmost respect.

Are you Argentine? I have worked many articles about my Argentine brothers and sisters as well, such as Susana Gimenez, Jorge Castro and the entire cast of "Chiquititas", an article I created myself too. I'm trying to see if all Hispanic writers here can unite with one purpose; to write about our race and it's peoples so that everyone can see how great a race we are, even readers from, say, Ghana!.

Well, Ejrrjs, saludos y Dios bless you!

Your wiki-friend, Antonio RBD Martin

Zulma Aguiar
Hey Ejrrjs: Whats up? I need you to do me a favor, check out the above sent page and vote on it based on what you think.

Other than that, Happy New Year!!! God bless you!!

Sincerely yours, Your friend always, Antonio AutogoalMartin

Mensaje de un wikipedista norteamericano
¡Saludos, compañero de Wikipedia! I'm coming to Argentina soon and wanted to see if any of my fellow Wikipedians were interested in meeting up, etc...I'm flying into BsAs on Jan. 25th and I don't know many people there, so if you'd be into talking/getting together, let me know. Feel free to leave a message on my user page...seeya around - Paul 22:53, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

CheDonald
Thanks for that poem :) I agree - his image does seem to be everywhere. I saw a Che Guevara calendar a couple of days ago with (in small print) the words "officially authorised" - presumably by the photographer, not by Guevara's family. The man himself would probably have objected strongly (and violently) to the marketing of his image, given how strongly against both capitalism and the cult of personality he was... Grutness...wha?  22:10, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

Arthur Ernest Percival
If you can face reading another British military related article would you mind casting your eye over this article which I've just self-nominated the article for WP:FAC. I promise I have tried to avoid imperial bombast Nickhk

United_Nations_list_of_Non-Self-Governing_Territories
In response to your request for external links to support the "controversy" mentioned in the article, I've dug up a few newspaper articles on the subject. Most of those describe more of a "we want to UN to butt out of our business" approach than people complaining that non-self-governing places aren't being included. They are also mostly aimed directly at the UN Decolonisation Committee than the list itself (though it is occassionally mentioned). And, of course, they aren't universally-held opinions.

 * In that case, it stands as original research as defined in Wikipedia and should be removed. User:Ejrrjs says What? 00:42, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

 * How is it original research?

 * From the Original Research guidelines:
 * Original research that creates primary sources is not allowed. However, research that consists of collecting and organizing information from existing primary and/or secondary sources is strongly encouraged. In fact, all articles on Wikipedia should be based on information collected from primary and secondary sources. This is not "original research", it is "source-based research", and it is fundamental to writing an encyclopedia. Nitjanirasu 01:04, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Re: Lemas en latín y esas cosas
Está bien, no te hagas problema =) --ShiningEyes 02:58, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

Minor Edits and AfD
Regarding your edits at Articles for deletion/Enciclopedia Libre, two quick points. Firstly, I'm of the firm belief that any edit which changes how a page looks (such as putting in a subheading) isn't a minor edit - minor edits are things like fixing up typos and so forth. Secondly and more importantly, putting a subheading into an AfD listing throws the entire page out of whack. There's no need to put a heading marked "comments", since that's what the listing is there to achieve - comments on the proposal that the article be deleted. I'd previously removed the same heading for much the same reason, so if I sound a bit short-tempered please accept my apologies. BigHaz 23:07, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * See [|this link] where the subheading "Comments" appeared? Not only did it appear like that in the AfD discussion for "Enciclopedia Libre", it appeared like that for all of the AfD log page, since each discussion comes up as a subheading on the page for that day. Thus, the page was thrown out of whack. I'd also contend that it's superfluous to make a subheading entitled "Comments" anyway since, as I said above, that's what the listing is there for. BigHaz 23:31, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Alfonsín and the Juicio a las Juntas
About that... The choice of words didn't seem right. It sounded as if the whole thing was to be thanked personally to Alfonsín, and as if nothing would have been done without Alfonsín (the former is POV, the latter is also speculation). If you have a source that neutrally explains what Alfonsín did to promote the trials, by all means add it to the article. In fact, the context should be explained better (in case the readers might ask themselves why Alfonsín first sent these guys to trial, and then got the rest to benefit from the impunity laws). --Pablo D. Flores (Talk) 10:28, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Hi about your post
Its not even that the article states that is that some people are foolish to except the truth that the articles research had flaws (XGustaX 04:01, 22 August 2006 (UTC))

Pirate Buchar
I'd love to know if your sources do consistently refer to Bouchard as Buchar (which sounds like the spanish-ization of the French surname, anyway). At least in Argentina, I've never heard something like that. Thanks in advance, User:Ejrrjs says What? 22:39, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Jones' work is the only one to mention the nickname "Pirate Buchar"; tonight when I'm home I'll look to see if he cites his source on this. The most common descriptor is simply "pirate."--Lord Kinbote 23:00, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Sophia & Sophos
Can you help supply the latter, in Greek characters:
 * Yours truly, --Ludvikus 01:10, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

---
 * In the Sophia article - forgot to add (disambig. may be required). --Ludvikus 01:12, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

On a different spirit...
Just wanted to point you to Primer revista Martín Fierro that might interest you. Best, User:Ejrrjs says What? 21:32, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Now this is what I still want to be doing. Translated. - Jmabel | Talk 20:51, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Malvinas
I think those first 2 places would need sourcing for any connection to the "Falklands" but I have restored the comment to cover the others, SqueakBox 17:03, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Catalan
Please, translate my comments to english, thanks in advance. Pérez 18:24, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

it means
God!, can we speak our own language? Pérez 19:22, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Your translation is a good job, thanks. Pérez 19:41, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

RE: Enciclopedia Libre
You've tagged this article as if it needed sources. It already has them; look at the end of the article. User:Ejrrjs says What? 16:18, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Those should be inlined, using Citation templates . Specially the "Possibility of a merger" section. --Abu badali (talk) 16:37, 25 April 2007 (UTC)
 * "The use of Citation templates is not required by WP:CITE and is neither encouraged nor discouraged by any other Wikipedia citation guidelines."

 * However, I wouldn't mind if you want to go ahead and do it. Best, User:Ejrrjs says What? 19:02, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I don't see that as a policy violation. Just as room for improvement. --Abu badali (talk) 19:18, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Editing
Hello,

Just a reminder referencing to Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson:

When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labeled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See m:Help:Edit summary for full information on this feature.

Filling in the edit summary field greatly helps your fellow contributors in understanding what you changed, so please always fill in the edit summary field, especially for big edits or when you are making subtle but important changes, like changing dates or numbers.--Ohmpandya (talk) 00:58, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

Archive
Hello Ejrrs, When creating an archive, please also put : at the top of the page. I have done this for you. --Ohmpandya (talk) 18:57, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Tommaso Onofri
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Tommaso Onofri, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Troikoalogo (talk) 21:38, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Ejrrjs! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is an  Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current  article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 07:24, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Pacho O'Donnell -

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Ejrrjs/archive