text:
First Palmerston ministry

Lord Palmerston, of the Whigs, first formed a government by popular demand in 1855, after the resignation of the Aberdeen Coalition. Initially, the government was a continuation of the previous coalition administration but lost three Peelites (William Ewart Gladstone, Sir James Graham and Sidney Herbert) within a few weeks. However, other Peelites like The Duke of Argyll and The Viscount Canning remained in office. Palmerston was heavily criticised by Parliament in 1857 over the conduct of the Second Opium War and called a dissolution, but the nation voiced its support in the resulting general election and he returned with a Whig majority.

In 1858, the Government resigned when defeated (on a measure for removing conspiracies to murder abroad from the class of misdemeanour to that of felony, which was introduced in consequence of Felice Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III the emperor of the French) and was succeeded by another short-lived Conservative government under Disraeli and Lord Derby.

Changes

 * Later in February 1855 – Sir George Cornewall Lewis succeeds Gladstone as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Lord John Russell succeeds Herbert as Colonial Secretary. Sir Charles Wood succeeds Sir James Graham as First Lord of the Admiralty. R.V. Smith succeeds Wood as President of the Board of Control
 * July 1855 – Sir William Molesworth succeeds Russell as Colonial Secretary. Molesworth's successor as First Commissioner of Public Works is not in the Cabinet.
 * November 1855 – Henry Labouchere succeeds Molesworth as Colonial Secretary
 * December 1855 – The Duke of Argyll succeeds Lord Canning as Postmaster-General. Lord Harrowby succeeds Argyll as Lord Privy Seal. Harrowby's successor as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is not in the Cabinet
 * 1857 – M.T. Baines, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, enters the Cabinet.
 * February 1858 – Lord Clanricarde succeeds Harrowby as Lord Privy Seal.

List of ministers
Members of the Cabinet are indicated by bold face.

title: First Palmerston ministry


text:
Talk:American Airlines Flight 587

Why on earth are the dogs mentioned in the beginning?
"All 260 people aboard the plane (251 passengers and nine crew members) died, plus one dog carried in the cargo hold;[2] five bystanders and one other dog on the ground were killed as well" What's up with that? Moshe Schorr (talk) 01:02, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

 * That documented information is part of the record of the accident, and Wikipedia is WP:NOTCENSORED.   Spintendo  ᔦᔭ   09:01, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

I'm not seeing how WP:NOTCENSORED applies here?

My complaint about the dog mention is that it doesn't belong in the lead! It's not an essential or even moderately important part of this disaster. It's tangential trivia, and as such it belongs in a more narrowly focused section in the main body. I think it will be a good addition to the article though, once we get it refined a bit. I'll go ahead and make the initial changes that I feel are appropriate, and maybe someone else can improve it more from there.

Does everybody agree this makes sense? Ninjalectual (talk) 03:51, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

Well that was easy, the doggos are already covered adequately in the Victims section. That makes sense. I just removed the mentions from the lead. Ninjalectual (talk) 04:01, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * But you did not give an adequate reason why it should be removed from the lead, specifically, why it counts as trivia. The lead already features other bits of information which may be considered trivia, including the crash's rank place of deadliest crashes on US soil, and mentions the JAL flight which took off before it, which played a trivial factor in the crash. The lead mentions an overall summary of everything that was killed in the crash, and these animals were killed in the crash. If you have a bias towards including animals in a crash introduction (and I mean checked animals, not insects or other such straw man arguments) then you should explain the nature of your bias here on the talk page.  spintendo   02:50, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I would argue it should be removed from the victim section as well. It's not encyclopedic. It's irrelevant. It gives the dogs a focus we normally save for humans. /Julle (talk) 00:35, 8 April 2019 (UTC)
 * The fact that two canines were killed was relevant enough to be included in the Victim Fragmentation Patterns and Seat Location Supplements Crash Data report. Other items of non-human information are documented in the Wikipedia article as well, such as the fate of the two engines, which are described in detail. And yet, no one would suggest that describing what happened to non-living objects on the plane in any way diminishes discussion about what happened to the living things on board. Placing this information in the Victims section merely recognizes that these were living items onboard the plane (or on the ground) which were killed, as opposed to the placement of the engines in the crash section, which mentions the non-living items from the plane which were destroyed. It goes without saying that life alone is not a prerequisite for being mentioned, as information on the number of microorganisms killed on the plane is not mentioned (or even tallied for that matter). But a dog is certainly not a microorganism. If a crate of exotic birds were placed in the cargo hold, or if the plane had crashed into a pet store killing all the animals inside, these would be mentioned as well, as they would be relevent facts which occurred due to the plane crashing, like any other bit of information which came about as a direct result of this accident. Spintendo  01:05, 8 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I completely agree with Julle on this, and if you think the wake turbulence created by the JAL aircraft is trivial your creditability and understanding aircraft accidents is questionable. - Samf4u (talk) 13:34, 8 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Which specific wake turbulence event are you referring to? There were multiple ones from JAL and the FO had different responses to each one. Spintendo  23:32, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

Text vs. video (20 seconds?)
"...the first officer alternated between moving the rudder from the left to the right and back again in quick succession for at least 20 seconds, until 9:15:56, when the stress caused the lugs that attached the vertical stabilizer and rudder to fail" - but the animation shows no rudder movement until after 9:15:52 lasting for only about 3 seconds before breaking. Also a quick look into the source: "At 0915:51.8, 0915:52.3, and 0915:52.9, the CVR recorded the sound of a thump, a click, and two thumps, respectively. At 0915:54.2, the first officer stated, in a strained ... The CVR recorded the sound of a snap at 0915:56.6" matching the animation and contradicting the article. --StYxXx (talk) 02:13, 9 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I've removed the mention of 20 seconds and the other times mentioned as occurring during the rudder inputs. The article mentioned two times - the beginning of the wake turbulence and the time of the separation. But the cyclic rudder inputs - to the left, to the right - did not occur continuously during that time. Placing the description of the FO's rudder inputs in the middle of the prose between these two times may erroneously lead readers to believe that the rudder inputs were occurring continuously in response to one wake turbulence event when they were occurring intermittently in response to multiple real and poorly perceived wake turbulence events. This may have been where the 20 seconds was accidentaly added to the article. The duration of the final cyclic rudder inputs was actually closer to 7 seconds according to the report. Regards, Spintendo  04:48, 9 August 2019 (UTC)

Future FA Ideas
Hello, I was wondering if I can have permission to nominate this for FA in the future. With more improvement, I believe we can turn this article into a featured one. We conquered GA, lets aim big. AmericanAir88(talk) 23:19, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Of course I would support going in that direction — but before that step, I think it would be helpful to get feedback from a really top-drawer editor, say for example, to see what the article's chances are. I know you've worked with them before, and I definately think that getting either their input or someone they recommend would be extremely valuable to gauge where the article is and what's needed. Cassianto's profile says "semi-retired" so I'm not so sure if they would be able to offer any spare time. It's a short article really, and what we need is only like 5 minutes of feedback — any input, criticism, suggestions — however generous they're able to be with their time. We need to soak up whatever tidbits we can get, because its that information that will help the article get into a place where it has a fighting chance to succeed at FA. All of this info gathering should be done before the FA process begins.

 * All of that being said, I think that there is one other issue which may be important here. Articles stand a better chance of getting FA status when there is a rich selection of academic materials written about their subjects. While this crash does have a unique technical aspect of it which has been written by experts in human factors and material sciences, there is still a lack of really good academic material written about it. The material we have is primarily the NTSB report and related news aspects of the crash. FA articles have a wide variety of published materials available to be used, and I think that this may be lacking in the case of this American Airlines flight. The feedback we get from editors like Cassianto would likely bring up this lack of sourcing, and if they feel the article is not ready, then the article might just have to wait until better sources are found (which means a trip to the library, which I'm willing to make). Regards, Spintendo  16:37, 17 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the ping and for the kind comments, although there are far better than me out there, I'm sure. My advice would be to go through this article and compare it in context and structure to a similar article already at FA, like American Airlines Flight 11, for instance. As correctly points out, you have found me at a particularly busy time in real life, so I may not be very quick in getting to you. I'm struggling to do anything around here at the moment, including reviews for long standing friends, but if I do find the time then I will give it a copy edit, but I can't make any promises.   Cassianto Talk  17:05, 17 September 2019 (UTC)
 * and Thank you for the imput. AA11 definitely received a ton of more coverage, so I will make sure to find other references. This crash however marks a significant point in aviation as it proves that reactionary thoughts can be wrong (Cause was not terrorism) and this was the last major AA crash. I'd give my full momentum to improve and eventually nominate the article. The only other article of mine that I am trying to get to FA is Deep Space Homer (Currently in peer review and I am prepping for a 4th run after). I definitely can see this article being potential for FA. AmericanAir88(talk)  20:47, 17 September 2019 (UTC)

Initial terrorism concerns and cultural background
Even though this is a good article, I am concerned about the relevance and importance of these sections, as they both seem to stray away from the article. Are there parts of these sections that can be kept? Tigerdude9 (talk) 14:30, 7 April 2020 (UTC)

Ground injury?
I do not see a good reference for the one injury on the ground. Even the NTSB's final report states that 5 people on the ground and everyone on the plane received fatal injuries. However, the report never states that someone on the ground was injured. Should I remove the ground injury? Why can't I edit Userpedia? (talk) 03:55, 22 May 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:American Airlines Flight 587


text:
Anita Dobson

Anita, Lady May (born 29 April 1949), known as Anita Dobson, is an English actress and singer. She is best known for her role from 1985 to 1988 as Angie Watts in the BBC soap opera EastEnders. In 1986, she reached number four in the UK Singles Chart with "Anyone Can Fall in Love", a song based on the theme music of EastEnders. She is married to Queen guitarist and astrophysicist Sir Brian May.

Dobson's other television roles include the 1989 ITV sitcom Split Ends. In 2003, she was nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actress for the National Theatre production of Frozen. She has also starred in the West End as Mama Morton in the musical Chicago (2003) and Gertrude in Hamlet (2005), making her RSC debut in the 2012 revival of The Merry Wives of Windsor. Dobson also appeared in the 2023 Christmas special of Doctor Who, as well as playing a major role in the following 14th series of the show. Her film appearances include Darkness Falls (1999) and London Road (2015).

Early life
Dobson was born in Stepney, London. She trained at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art in London.

Career
Dobson appeared in several series in the early 1980s including the Jim Davidson sitcom Up the Elephant and Round the Castle (1983). She is best known for playing the emotionally battered and alcoholic landlady Angie Watts in BBC1 soap opera EastEnders, a role she played from the show's inception in 1985 until 1988.

EastEnders
Dobson was not the first person to be cast as Angie – another actress, Jean Fennell, had already begun recording when it was decided that her performance did not "gel" with the original idea of the character, and Dobson was substituted in the role. Whilst playing Angie Watts, alcoholic landlady of the Queen Vic, Dobson worked closely with actor Leslie Grantham, landlord of the Queen Victoria who played her adulterous husband 'Dirty Den Watts'. On Boxing Day in 1986, 30.15 million viewers tuned in to witness Den handing Angie her divorce papers, giving the soap its highest ever episode rating, which has yet to be surpassed by any other soap in the UK.

After Dobson left EastEnders in 1988, BBC executives made numerous offers for her to return, but she did not accept any of the offers; she later commented: "Why tarnish the gorgeous creation that was Angie Watts?" Executives finally decided she could not be persuaded to return, and in 2002 the character of Angie Watts died off-screen of alcohol poisoning and was brought home to be buried by her on-screen daughter Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean), who had returned to the show the previous year.

Other roles
Since leaving EastEnders Dobson has appeared in many television, film and theatre roles, including the BBC sitcoms Red Dwarf, Rab C. Nesbitt and her own sitcom series Split Ends (1989), which lasted for only one series. She has also made guest appearances in the BBC dramas Dangerfield (1995), Ghosts (1995), Sunburn (1999) and Hotel Babylon (2007), and the ITV detective series The Last Detective (2004) among others, along with the films Sweet Revenge (1998) and Darkness Falls (1999). She has also been reunited with fellow EastEnder Leslie Grantham in the Sky production called The Stretch and Five's Horror series Urban Gothic (2000).

Dobson worked on the ITV1 police drama The Bill in 2005 and appeared in the radio Doctor Who serial Blood of the Daleks. Dobson has also played five different guest characters in the BBC1 medical drama Casualty, appearing in episodes in October 2000, July 2009, July 2011, March 2013 and October 2017; she also had two guest roles in Casualty's sister series, Holby City, in September 2003 and December 2014 respectively. Dobson featured in the film London Road in 2015 and appeared alongside Simon Callow in the Gold comedy series The Rebel in 2016.

She was the subject of This Is Your Life in 2002 when she was surprised by Michael Aspel.

On 20 January 2023, it was announced that Dobson would be guest starring in the fourteenth series of Doctor Who as the mysterious Mrs Flood. Her casting was announced alongside that of Michelle Greenidge. The episode was broadcast on Christmas Day, 25 December 2023. On 27 April 2023, Dobson appeared in the series 8 episode of Inside No. 9, "Mother's Ruin", as Frances.

Musical and stage career
Dobson has also performed as a singer, with varying degrees of chart success. In August 1986 she reached No. 4 in the UK Singles Chart with "Anyone Can Fall in Love", a song based on the theme music of EastEnders, which was written by Simon May. The song was produced by Queen guitarist Brian May, who later became her husband. She has also released several other singles and albums with minor chart success.

On stage, Dobson has starred in repertory at Salisbury Playhouse in Shaw's Pygmalion in 1980; the 1981 Ray Davies/Barrie Keeffe musical Chorus Girls and as Hazel Fletcher in the short-lived musical Budgie with Adam Faith. She also appeared in the revived Tom Stoppard musical Rough Crossing and played a holocaust survivor in My Lovely Shayna Maidel. She also appeared as Mama Morton in the West End musical Chicago.

Dobson played the role of Gertrude in the English Touring Theatre production of Hamlet, at the New Ambassadors Theatre in London's West End, following a UK tour in the autumn of 2005.

In 2012, Dobson played the role of Mistress Quickly in the Royal Shakespeare Company production of The Merry Wives of Windsor.

From September 2016 to January 2017, Dobson appeared as Madame Morrible in the musical Wicked at the Apollo Victoria Theatre in London.

In June 2019, Anita joined Trevor Nunn's West End revival of Fiddler on the Roof at the Playhouse Theatre, playing the role of Yente, alongside Maria Friedman taking on the role of Golde, until the production's closure on 2 November 2019.

Strictly Come Dancing
On 6 September 2011, it was announced that Dobson would take part in the 2011 series of Strictly Come Dancing. In the launch show of the ninth series on 10 September 2011, it was revealed that she would be partnered by Latin specialist Robin Windsor. She was eliminated on 27 November 2011 after Robin Windsor had been unable to dance for a week due to an injury. Anita Dobson therefore rehearsed and danced the Cha Cha Cha and the Swingathon with Brendan Cole.

 * In Week 6 Jennifer Grey guest judged for Goodman.

Awards
For her time on EastEnders as Angie Watts, Dobson received the Pye Award for Outstanding Female Personality.

Dobson was nominated for a 2003 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress for her performance in Frozen at the Royal National Theatre: Cottesloe.

In 2007, Dobson was made a Companion of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts.

Personal life
Dobson married Brian May on 18 November 2000. They had first met in 1986. She is a patron of The Match Girls' Memorial and of the theatre charity the Music Hall Guild of Great Britain and America.

title: Anita Dobson


text:
Dixie Classic (bowl game)

 * This event is not to be confused with the Dixie Bowl, another college football post-season game staged in Birmingham, Alabama in the 1940s. For other uses, see Dixie Classic (disambiguation).

The Dixie Classic was a post-season college football bowl game played at Fair Park Stadium in Dallas, Texas, following the 1921, 1924, and 1933 seasons. It was phased out in favor of the Cotton Bowl Classic. The 1922 game is famous for the beginning of the Texas A&M 12th man tradition.

title: Dixie Classic (bowl game)


text: User talk:195.61.130.86

title: User talk:195.61.130.86


text:
Talk:Porphyry (philosopher)

Untitled
Actually, there is another theory about Porphyry's nickname, according to which it may have referred to his Phoenician origins. Helmut Uhlig is an adherent of this, but he may have borrowed it from someone else. --Oop 16:38, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Isn't using "unfortunate" to describe Prophyry's opposition to Christianity a value judgement? I think that sentence would be fine without that word.

Porphyry's Works and the Astronomy/Astrology distinction
The popularized notion that astronomy was the same as astrology in Porphyry's time is simply incorrect. I have seen one academic reference to Porphyry's work, "Introductio in tetrabiblum Ptolemaei" as "Introduction to Ptolemy's Astronomy," but I suspect this is not commonly used (will follow up with the author who called it by this name for his sources). It is possible that Porphyry also wrote a work on Ptolemy's Almagest, and that it is being confused with his astrological work. A separate work on astronomy is not listed in the TLG so I will follow up by consulting other sources.

I'm changing this sentence: "Porphyry also wrote widely on astrology (what would be considered astronomy in our day), religion, philosophy, and musical theory; and produced a biography of his teacher, Plotinus."

I'm also adding a section on his works. Zeusnoos

Suicidal
I removed a while back the circumlocutory phrase "Having injured his health through overwork" and substituted the specific problem given by Eunapius, namely that he became suicidal through his studies. I've changed the text again; slightly surprised that anyone cared to try to hide this. Does anyone really want to avoid saying this, and if so, why? --Roger Pearse 17:53, 22 November 2007 (UTC)

Ethnicity
Porphyry was NOT a Syrian, he was born in Tyre, he was a Phoenician.

--Antioco79 (talk) 19:51, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Being born in Tyre, which was a multi-ethnic city in its day (according to archaeologists), is not enough to establish his linguistic affiliation (which is essential what "Phoenician" is). No one knows whether the Phoenicians had a stable set of genetic categories, as they were a boating people whose ships contained mainly males.  They picked up women in many different places.  Further, it's not known where they came from before they established Tyre, but it would be highly unusual for a group of boating people not to have another home - where they built their boats, as well as acquired some experience in founding cities, before just popping up and building Tyre.  Obviously, he has no nationality, since this all occurred before the invention of modern nation-states, but it isn't clear that his ethnicity/linguistic affiliations are well-known either.  He didn't write in Phoenician and there's no evidence he spoke it, either.--Levalley (talk) 22:44, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm inclined to agree, since after all we're talking about the 3rd-4th century CE, not BCE. I don't know much about this, but doesn't "Phoenician" cease to be a useful ethnic label at some point? The article Phoenicia states as much; see Phoenicia (particularly in regard to Tyre), which is centuries before our philosopher. It also can't be assumed that ancient geographical names meant the same thing their modern counterparts — a problem which often arises with "Syria." Cynwolfe (talk) 18:58, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I will change the lead to say that he was born in Tyre. Hopefully that will clear up any disagreement. Jwhosler (talk) 18:12, 13 October 2009 (UTC)

And Tyre was part of the Roman Empire at the time. An argument can be made that he was a provincial Roman. Sheherazahde (talk) 22:00, 23 May 2013 (UTC)

This previously settled issue has come up again with Tariq afflaq re-inserting the Syrian claim. N.b., the same issue with the same user is being addressed at Zeno of Citium. Teishin (talk) 18:31, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

Yes, britannica is 250 years old it clearly says : Syrian philosopher these are another sourceS taking about his Syrian parents : https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/porphyry-c-232-c-304

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Porphyry/ Tariq afflaq (talk) 18:40, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

Sources talking about his parents* Tariq afflaq (talk) 18:45, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

 * That St. Anderews article's references say the biography came from Britannica. A better source is required for the claim. Teishin (talk) 19:41, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

This source also states that porphyry’s parents were Syrian: http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/A093.htm Tariq afflaq (talk) 22:12, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

His original Name ( Malchus ) was Syrian as well !!! https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/contributors/porphyry

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Porphyry-Syrian-philosopher

And you just want to neglect all of this!!!! Tariq afflaq (talk) 22:20, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

Bad style in Wikipedia
Issues with the third paragraph in section Philosophy from Oracles: The style is clearly unencyclopedic. Said: Rursus (☻) 07:55, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) words like "fraudulent", "designed to be", "character as a vulgar forgery" adds a tone of author disgust to the text, wikipedia is absolutely precisely neutral in tone, and restricts to "a forgery", neither speculating about reason nor alleges this-or-that,
 * 2) "designed to be" - citation needed, such as either some confession of the guilty, or some author giving a reasonable presentation and clues on the context with the primary suspects,
 * 3) presumably the text is a forgery, but opposing views may be impossible by the political language full of allegations and black-painting by the paragraph.

 * changed the tone, removed the banner. Ocanter (talk) 07:25, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

References are messy
I find the references for this article rather sloppy, and the best, most relevant references are not always cited. I tried to sort out the first paragraph by redoing the footnotes and adding more references to the list of references at the end of the article. I hope it is easier to understand now. If there are no objections, I will do likewise eventually to the rest of the article. Jwhosler (talk) 19:44, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

Clarified Lead Paragraph
I clarified the lead paragraph by making it consistent with the work of Barnes 2003 and with the later section of this page on the Isagoge. I also added a couple of footnotes in support.Jwhosler (talk) 04:45, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I have now made bigger changes to the lead paragraph. My goal was to highlight Porphyry's most influencial accomplishments in the order of their importance. Any thoughts? Next up the biography section...Jwhosler (talk) 05:14, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I just finalized (for now) the lead paragraph. I will do the Biography section next (I know, I already said I would. But the lead is fun). Then I figure one section should be devoted to the Isagoge and perhaps Philosophy from Oracles and Against the Christians can be combined into one section after that, a section about Porphyry and early Christianity. Another seciton might be devoted to Porphyry and exegesis, particularly conerning his On the Cave of the Nymphs and Homeric Questions. Lastly, a final section could concern more scattered topics that Porphyry treated in works that are either not terribly important or are fragmentary, topics such as music, vegetarianism, and mathematics. Any thoughts? Should I be surprised that nobody cares much about Porphyry? :-) Jwhosler (talk) 04:05, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Outsider input
The only additional comment that comes to mind immediately is that there should be more reference citations. Also, I think adding Category:Anti-Christianity or one of its subcategories might be useful as well, based on the extant content of the article. And, of course, it gives a reason for the Christianity banner to be placed, which helps the members of that project, of which I am one of the coordinators, an easier idea what's happening with the article through the article alerts function. I can try to add more comments later, but think the points you have already raised, and maybe a little general expansion and additional references, are probably the major concerns now. John Carter (talk) 15:28, 19 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the comments. I do intend to add a great deal more references as I continue to revise the current text. And I will add the article to Anti-Christianity since Porphyry was one of the major "pagan" philosophical opponents to Christianity. Jwhosler (talk) 21:52, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

I think it's pretty good
Coming in from the world of copyediting, mostly, I want to congratulate on a well-organized article and for gracefully making the changes suggested to you by folks on this page. Also, since I have been editing stub/start articles in philosophy (most of them on living academic philosophers), I can only say that I wish those articles received the care and attention this one has. It is much more neutral than most of what I see in the stub/start category. Of course, I didn't see it before you made some changes, but from the general reader's point of view, I think it is a fine and informative article.Levalley (talk) 22:47, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

"in what is now Lebanon"
I recently changed the lead paragraph to say that Porphyry was born in Tyre in order to be more specific about his birthplace and to avoid the potentially misleading identification of him as "Phoenician" (see above). I now see that the phrase "in what is now Lebanon" has been added so the benefit of those who are unfamiliar with ancient geography (see the history). I for one disagree with adding this phrase, both because it makes the sentence very awkward and because "Tyre" links to the article about Tyre which explains in its first sentence that Tyre is in Lebanon.

Is there a Wikipedia guideline that suggests to include this kind of information anyways? If there is not, then I vote for removing the phrase, and if there is then we should find a more elegant way to get that information into the sentence. Jwhosler (talk) 18:47, 13 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Very well, I will delete the phrase. Jwhosler (talk) 19:39, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

Spiritual Exercises
There is nothing in the article about spiritual exercises. Philosophy was not purely intellectual for either Porphyry or Plotinus. Any comments? Oxford73 (talk) 04:52, 5 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I agree. Saying he "lectured" on philosophy is also misleading. For the Romans a philosopher was someone who lived according to a school of philosophical teaching, not someone who studied philosophy as an intellectual exercise. Particularly for Porphyry who moved from Greece to Rome to work with a teacher who focused more on practice than on theory. Sheherazahde (talk) 08:18, 28 May 2013 (UTC)

He has trances - 4 times
He was vegetarian he meditated on pure objects like Divinity .His servants sometimes entered his chamber ,while he levitated ,during his meditations. In his life ,as he wrote, he has four times trances or extasies - words meant ,in old philosophy, for cases when extreme purity and meditation leads soul of human to leave human body for some period of time, being able to witness the beauty of Absolute or talking in simple language Heavenly Kingdom. Plotinus had achived such state once too. Those trances are mentioned by Laertius Diogenes in his 'Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'. Edelward (talk) 23:44, 6 March 2012 (UTC)

"Christ"?
"During his retirement in Sicily, Porphyry wrote Against the Christians (Κατὰ Χριστιανῶν; Adversus Christianos) which consisted of fifteen books. Porphyry acknowledged Jesus Christ only as an outstanding philosopher." Whether or not Jesus of Nazareth was "Christ" would seem to be exactly the point Porphyry was putting at issue.

I don't think Wikipedia has any business coming down forcefully on the orthodox, church side of things here. Wouldn't a neutral "Jesus" be more appropriate here? David Lloyd-Jones (talk) 18:43, 12 July 2017 (UTC)
 * In this particular instance, I agree. While it is common to refer to him as "Jesus Christ" even in secular historical accounts, in this context, referring to him using this title strongly implies that Porphyry was wrong and that Jesus was indeed the Messiah. I think that the reference to "Christ" in this sentence should be removed and he should simply be referred to as "Jesus." --Katolophyromai (talk) 20:15, 12 July 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Porphyry (philosopher)


text:
Fort Worth Classic

The Fort Worth Classic was a postseason college football bowl game played only once, on January 1, 1921, at Panther Park in Fort Worth, Texas, between Centre Praying Colonels of Centre College and the TCU Horned Frogs of Texas Christian University.

Centre entered the game with a record of 7–2 with wins against Kentucky and VPI. Centre's losses came against Harvard (8–0–1 on the year) and Georgia Tech (8–1 on the year). Centre had outscored its opponents 469–55 and won its first three games of the year by a combined score of 241–0.

TCU entered the game with a record of 9–0, including wins at Arkansas (19–2) and at Baylor (21–9). TCU had attained its perfect record while outscoring its opponents 163–46.

Centre won the game handily by a score of 63 to 7.

This game should not be confused with the modern Fort Worth Bowl, now called the Lockheed Martin Armed Forces Bowl.

title: Fort Worth Classic


text:
Wikipedia:Proposal to expand WP:CSD

''This is a proposed policy. For the record, the original author of this proposal is blankfaze. Proposals VI and VII were added by Isomorphic. Proposal VIII was suggested by Netoholic. Proposal IX was added by Eequor and adjusted by Brockert and Merovingian. Proposal X was added by Merovingian and adjusted by Eequor.''

For some time, discussion has been ongoing at Wikipedia talk:Candidates for speedy deletion about possible expansions to Candidates for speedy deletion (WP:CSD). I have decided to bring a number of these proposals to a formal vote.

Those who follow Votes for deletion (WP:VFD) may notice listings for pages which should obviously be deleted, and faster than the seven-day VFD process allows for. This proposal is an attempt to expand the cases in which a page can be speedily deleted. Additionally, some users consider current CSD cases to be vague or unclear; this proposal also attempts to clarify them.

This proposal is really a group of proposals; rather, it is entirely possible for one of the sub-proposals to fail and others to pass. As such, please treat each sub-proposal as a separate issue.

Voting on these proposals began at 00:00 UTC on January 2, 2005 and lasted two weeks until 00:00 UTC, January 16, 2005. Each sub-proposal required 70 percent support ("Agree" votes) to pass. Three of the eleven sub-proposals garnered the necessary 70 percent support and, having received the approval of Jimbo Wales, are now official policy.

There is a page for general talk on the expansion, not on any specific proposal.

Results
Only votes present at 00:00 UTC 16 January were counted. Any votes added after that time are null and void.

 * Proposal I (Amount of content I) passed with ~84% support
 * "Any article whose contents consist only of an external link, "See also" section, book reference, category tag, template tag, or interwiki link."

 * Proposal VI (Requested deletion) passed with ~88% support
 * "Any article which is requested for deletion by the original author, provided the author reasonably explains that it was created by mistake, and the article was edited only by its author."

 * Proposal X (Correspondence) passed with ~95% support
 * "Any article which consists only of attempts to correspond with the person or group named by its title."

 * Proposal II (Amount of content II) failed with ~60% support
 * Proposal III (Vanity articles) failed with ~44% support
 * Proposal IV (Dicdefs) failed with ~33% support
 * Proposal V (Copyright violations) failed with ~37% support
 * Proposal VII (Article forks) failed with ~7% support
 * Proposal VIII (Procedure) failed with ~28% support
 * Proposal IX (Deprecation) failed with ~2% support
 * Proposal XI (Unimproved vanity articles) failed with ~58% support

title: Wikipedia:Proposal to expand WP:CSD


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Solar granule

In solar physics and observation, granules are convection cells in the Sun's photosphere. They are caused by currents of plasma in the Sun's convective zone, directly below the photosphere. The grainy appearance of the photosphere is produced by the tops of these convective cells; this pattern is referred to as granulation.

The rising part of each granule is located in the center, where the plasma is hotter. The outer edges of the granules are darker due to cooler descending plasma. (The terms darker and cooler are strictly by comparison to the brighter, hotter plasma. According to the Stefan–Boltzmann law, luminosity increases with the fourth power of temperature, causing even a small loss of heat to produce a large luminosity contrast.) In addition to the visible appearance, which can be explained by convective motion, Doppler shift measurements of the light from individual granules provides evidence for the convective nature of the granules.

A typical granule has a diameter on the order of 1500 km and lasts 8 to 20 minutes before dissipating. At any one time, the Sun's surface is covered by about 4 million granules. Below the photosphere is a layer of "supergranules" up to 30000 km in diameter with lifespans of up to 24 hours.

title: Solar granule


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Talk:Pipeline (computing)

Duplications and inconsistencies
There is a lot of duplication and insconsistency among pages related to filters and pipelines: I will try to condense these pages into a sensible set, if no one does it first. Jorge Stolfi 16:45, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Pipeline
 * Pipeline (Unix)
 * Filter (Unix)
 * Pipes and filters
 * pipe (computing)
 * pipeline (Unix)
 * ... more

 * It looks like there was a good effort to resolve this problem by creating the Pipeline (software) article. Sadly, the article associated with this talk page has devolved over the last 20 years to it's former data focused content, which now resembles the Pipeline (software) article. I recommend these two articles be consolidated, or merged, with one focusing on data pipelines and the other on the more general pipeline concepts, covering both data and process pipelines as well as any others, if they exist. Perhaps merge these two articles into this article, tombstoning the Pipeline (software) article, then creating two new articles for added detail, Pipeline (data) and Pipeline (process). Thoughts? .digamma (talk) 13:56, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

Assembly line analogy
I would prop suggest removing the assembly line analogy and replace it with a more detailed description of a pipeline in a computing context. 11:08, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
 * The point of giving that real-life analogy is to explain the concept to readers who do not know it already. It is a valid analogy because the math and logic relevant to assembly lines and to computer pipelines are generally the same. The same queuing theory is fundamental to both. --Jorge Stolfi (talk) 06:39, 14 May 2018 (UTC)

Assembly code missing

 * As of 14:10, 12 December 2016 (UTC), there are 2 references left to an assembly-line example which is not included in the page! These paragraphs can't be understood anymore...
 * The "assembly" in the example refers to a car assembly line, not assembly language.

Software pipelines
Changed the description of software pipelines. It originally stated that these used the output stream of one process to feed the next process, and linked to the [process (computing)] article. The term 'operation' is a better description as a process is not necessarily what is being called, even if you can invoke an operation that requires a new process. In Unix it is often just a simple operation that completes within the current shell process that is having its output redirected to the input of the next operation. Other software implementations might not even use 'processes', so the term operation provides a more generic/abstract idea with which to describe this. :) Theshowmecanuck (talk) 02:21, 28 January 2010 (UTC)
 * For a true pipeline, each element must indeed be a "process" in the general computing sense of the term: and abstract entity that specifies a sequence of operations to some "processor", largely independent of other processes. Those processes must be executed "in parallel", either simulatnously in separate processors, or by a single processor in a time-slice or coroutine fashion.  That because the term "pipeline" (derived from the oil industry, or earlier) implies that each stage begins to process the output of the previous stage while the previous stage is still receiving additional inputs. If each stage of the "pipeline" is completely executed before the next one is started (as in old DOS "pipes"), then one does not have a true pipeline, just serial execution. For the same reason, the word stream is  essential when talking about inputs and outputs of the elements. --Jorge Stolfi (talk) 06:39, 14 May 2018 (UTC)

"Design considerations" is gooblygook
The "Design considerations" explanation doesn't make any sense. It seems to have tried to simplify pipelining to the point of either making unclear assumptions, or it doesn't understand how it works. Please fix. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.72.74.25 (talk) 22:48, 23 December 2016 (UTC)

Removed "Graphical tools" section
I removed the following material because it was not clearly explained, seemed to be relevant only for some very specific pipelines, and had no supporting cictations. Indeed it seems to be "original research".

 * 4.1 Graphical tools To observe the scheduling of a pipeline (be it static or dynamic), reservation tables are used.

 * 4.1.1 Reservation table A reservation table for a linear or a static pipeline can be generated easily because data flow follows a linear stream as static pipeline performs a specific operation. But in case of dynamic pipeline or non-linear pipeline a non-linear pattern is followed so multiple reservation tables can be generated for different functions.

 * The reservation table mainly displays the time space flow of data through the pipeline for a function. Different functions in a reservation table follow different paths.

--Jorge Stolfi (talk) 06:20, 14 May 2018 (UTC)

Classical 5-stage Pipeline Graphics
As the authors of QtMips and QtRVSim educational simulators with pipeline and cache simulators we offer illustration graphics for the article under any license selected proposed by Wikipedia community. The template SVG

The simulator allows to visualize real conditions and export it to vector PDF which can be transformed to SVG so some interesting situation documenting for example forwarding and stall after LW isntruction can be provided. See the situations on slide 34 or our B35APO Pipeling lecture. Online simulator version. Ppisa (talk) 09:33, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pipeline (computing)


text:
Talk:Christian Metz (theorist)

Untitled
hello my name is patricia and i`ve show that material from Christian Metz

^LOL

Title Change Needed: Metz Was a Film "Theorist" and Not a "Critic"
As the opening sentence of the article states, Metz was a "theorist". He was not a film "critic". As the film theory article explains, "Film theory is not to be confused with general film criticism, or film history, though these three disciplines interrelate." Unless I hear any objections, I will rename/move the title to "Christian Metz (theorist)". --Jeremy Butler (talk) 12:31, 28 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Hearing no objections, I have made it so. --Jeremy Butler (talk) 12:27, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Christian Metz (theorist)


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Joseph Szigeti

Joseph Szigeti (Szigeti József, ; 5 September 1892 –19 February 1973) was a Hungarian violinist.

Born into a musical family, he spent his early childhood in a small town in Transylvania. He quickly proved himself to be a child prodigy on the violin, and moved to Budapest with his father to study with the renowned pedagogue Jenő Hubay. After completing his studies with Hubay in his early teens, Szigeti began his international concert career. His performances at that time were primarily limited to salon-style recitals and the more overtly virtuosic repertoire; however, after making the acquaintance of pianist Ferruccio Busoni, he began to develop a much more thoughtful and intellectual approach to music that eventually earned him the nickname "The Scholarly Virtuoso".

Following a bout of tuberculosis that required a stay in a sanatorium in Switzerland, Szigeti settled in Geneva, where he became Professor of Violin at the local conservatory in 1917. It was in Geneva that he met his future wife, Wanda Ostrowska, and at roughly the same time he became friends with the composer Béla Bartók. Both relationships were to be lifelong.

From the 1920s until 1960, Szigeti performed regularly around the world and recorded extensively. He also distinguished himself as a strong advocate of new music, and was the dedicatee of many new works by contemporary composers. Among the more notable pieces written for him are Ernest Bloch's Violin Concerto, Bartók's Rhapsody No. 1, and Eugène Ysaÿe's Solo Sonata No. 1. After retiring from the concert stage in 1960, he worked at teaching and writing until his death in 1973, at the age of 80.

Early life and education
Szigeti was born Joseph "Jóska" Singer to a Jewish family in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. His mother died when he was three years old, and soon thereafter the boy was sent to live with his grandparents in the little Carpathian town of Máramaros-Sziget (hence the name Szigeti). He grew up surrounded by music, as the town band was composed almost entirely of his uncles. After a few informal lessons on the cimbalom from his aunt, he received his first lessons on the violin from his Uncle Bernat at the age of six.

Szigeti quickly showed a talent for the violin. Several years later, his father took him to Budapest to receive proper training at the conservatory. After a brief stint with an inadequate teacher, Szigeti auditioned at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music and was admitted directly into the class of Jenő Hubay, without the usual delays and formalities.

Hubay, who had been a student of Joseph Joachim in Berlin, had by that time established himself as one of the preeminent teachers in Europe and a fountainhead of the Hungarian violin tradition. Szigeti joined such violinists as Franz von Vecsey, Emil Telmányi, Jelly d'Arányi and Stefi Geyer in Hubay's studio.

Child prodigy
In those days, Europe produced a great many child prodigies, inspired by the phenomenal success of the young Czech virtuoso Jan Kubelík and formed by rigorous teaching and enthusiastic parents. The Hubay studio was no exception; Szigeti and his fellow wunderkinder performed extensively in special recitals and salon concerts during their study at the Liszt Academy.

He went to study at the Conservatory in Budapest for 2 years before his debut.

In 1905, at the age of thirteen, Szigeti made his Berlin debut playing Bach's Chaconne in D minor, Ernst's Concerto in F-sharp minor, and Paganini's Witches Dance. Despite the formidable program, the event received mention only by a photograph in the Sunday supplement of the Berliner Tageblatt captioned: "A Musical Prodigy: Josef Szigeti". Szigeti spent the next few months with a summer theater company in a small Hungarian resort town, playing mini-recitals in between acts of folk operetta. In that same vein, the next year he played at a circus in Frankfurt, where he appeared under the pseudonym "Jóska Szulagi". Also in 1906, Hubay took Szigeti to play for Joseph Joachim in Berlin. Joachim was impressed, and suggested that Szigeti should finish his studies with him. Szigeti declined the offer, both out of loyalty to Hubay and a perceived aloofness and lack of rapport between Joachim and his students.

Broadening horizons
Soon after the meeting with Joachim, Szigeti embarked on a major concert tour of England. Midway through the tour, in Surrey, he met a music-loving couple who effectively adopted him, extending an invitation to stay with them for an indefinite length of time.

Throughout England, he gave many successful concerts, including the premiere of the first work dedicated to him: Hamilton Harty's Violin Concerto. Also during this time, Szigeti toured with an all-star ensemble including legendary singer Dame Nellie Melba and pianists Ferruccio Busoni and Wilhelm Backhaus. Philippe Gaubert, a famous French flutist of the day, as well as the young singer John McCormack, were also part of these tours. The most significant of the new contacts was Busoni. The great pianist and composer became Szigeti's mentor during these formative years, and the two would remain close friends until Busoni's death in 1924. By Szigeti's own admission, before meeting Busoni his life was characterized by a certain laziness and indifference brought on by the then-typical life of a young prodigy violinist. He had grown accustomed to playing crowd-pleasing salon miniatures and dazzling virtuosic encores without much thought. He knew little of the works of the great masters; he could play them, but not fully understand them. As Szigeti put it, Busoni—particularly through their careful study of Bach's Chaconne—"shook me once and for all out of my adolescent complacency".

Illness and new beginnings
In 1913, Szigeti was diagnosed with tuberculosis and was sent to a sanatorium in Davos, Switzerland to recover, interrupting his concert career. During his stay at the sanatorium, he became re-acquainted with the composer Béla Bartók, who was recovering from pneumonia. His doctor recommended to practice the violin 25 to 30 minutes a day. The two had known each other only in passing during their conservatory days, but now they began a friendship that would last until Bartók's death in 1945. Szigeti was allowed to visit Bartok for the last time in 1943 at Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan), New York with his illness worsening, reading Turkish poems while they spread out on his hospital bed.

In 1917, having by then made a full recovery, at age 25 Szigeti was appointed Professor of Violin at the Geneva Conservatory of Music. Szigeti said that this job, although generally satisfying, was often frustrating due to the mediocre quality of many of his students. The years teaching in Geneva provided an opportunity for Szigeti to deepen his understanding of music as an art, along with other aspects such as chamber music, orchestral performance, music theory and composition. Also during that time, Szigeti met and fell in love with Wanda Ostrowska, a young woman of Russian parentage who had been stranded in Geneva by the Russian Revolution of 1917. They married in 1919.

American debut
In 1925, Szigeti met Leopold Stokowski and played the Bach Chaconne in D minor for him. Less than two weeks later, Szigeti received a telegram from Stokowski's manager in Philadelphia inviting him to perform with the Philadelphia Orchestra later that year: it was his American debut. Szigeti had never played with an American orchestra before, nor heard one, and later he wrote of suffering stage fright. He was taken aback by the American concert scene, and the way that its publicity and popularity driven agents and managers determined much of what was heard in American concert halls. He believed they were not interested in works by the great masters, but preferred the popular light salon pieces he had left behind in his prodigy days. (To the end of his life, Szigeti loved to quote one memorable, cigar-chewing impresario who told him, with regard to Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata, "Well, let me tell you, Mister Dzigedy—and I know what I’m talking about—your Krewtzer Sonata bores the pants off my audiences!")

International repute
By 1930, Szigeti was established as a major international concert violinist. He performed extensively in Europe, the United States and Asia, and made the acquaintance of many of the era's leading instrumentalists, conductors and composers.

In 1939, to escape the war and Nazi persecution of the Jews, Szigeti emigrated with his wife to the United States, where they settled in California. (A year later, Bartók also fled to America, and just two days after his arrival, he and Szigeti played a sonata recital at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.)

During the 1930s, 1940s and into the 1950s, Szigeti recorded extensively, leaving a significant legacy. Notable recordings include the above-mentioned Library of Congress sonata recital; the studio recording of Bartók's Contrasts with Benny Goodman on clarinet and the composer at the piano; the violin concertos of Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Prokofiev (No. 1) and Bloch under the batons of such conductors as Bruno Walter, Hamilton Harty and Sir Thomas Beecham; and various works by J.S. Bach, Busoni, Corelli, Handel and Mozart. One of his last recordings was of the Six Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin by Bach; although his technique had deteriorated noticeably by that time, the recording is prized for Szigeti's insight and depth of interpretation.

In 1944, Szigeti joinedJack Benny in a comic performance of Frantisek Drdla's Souvenir in the film Hollywood Canteen.

Later years

During the 1950s, Szigeti began to develop arthritis in his hands and his playing deteriorated. Despite his weakened technical mastery, his intellect and musical expression were still strong, and he continued to draw large audiences to his concerts. In Naples, Italy, in November 1956, just after the Soviets crushed the Hungarian uprising, as soon as he walked onto the stage the audience burst into wild applause and shouts of Viva l’Ungheria! (Italian for "Long live Hungary!"), delaying the concert for nearly fifteen minutes.

In 1960 Szigeti officially retired from performing, and returned to Switzerland with his wife. There he devoted himself primarily to teaching, although he still traveled regularly to judge international violin competitions. Top-class students from all over Europe and the United States came to study under him. One of these students was Arnold Steinhardt, who spent the summer of 1962 with Szigeti. He came to the conclusion that "Joseph Szigeti was a template for the musician I would like to become: inquisitive, innovative, sensitive, feeling, informed".

Toward the end of his life, Szigeti suffered from frail health. He was put on strict diets and had several stays in hospital, but his friends asserted that this did nothing to dampen his characteristic cheerfulness. He died in Lucerne, Switzerland on February 19, 1973, at the age of 80. The New York Times ran a front-page obituary that ended with this 1966 quote from violinist Yehudi Menuhin: "We must be humbly grateful that the breed of cultured and chivalrous violin virtuosos, aristocrats as human beings and as musicians, has survived into our hostile age in the person of Joseph Szigeti."

Personal life
In 1918, while teaching in Geneva, Szigeti met and fell in love with Wanda Ostrowska. She was born in Russia and had been stranded by the Russian Revolution of 1917 with her sister at a finishing school in Geneva. In 1919, Szigeti and Ostrowska decided to get married, but due to the turbulent political situation in Europe, many unexpected bureaucratic obstacles were thrown up in their path. The first problem was the impossibility of contacting Ostrowska's family, and the couple were forced to go ahead without parental consent, with the permission only of Ostrowska's sister and the headmistress of the finishing school. Further bureaucratic entanglements threatened the young couple's hopes, but eventually the officials responsible granted them a dispensation to marry. Szigeti recalls in his memoirs the words of Consul General Baron de Montlong at the critical moment: "Let us not, if we can avoid it, fall victim to the dead letter of the law. I don't want to postpone the happiness of these two youngsters if we can help it. All laws have been twisted and tortured out of semblance of law, what with war and revolutions. For once let's twist and turn one for a good cause, yes?"

Just before the birth of their only child, daughter Irene (1920-2005), Szigeti found himself stuck in Berlin during the Kapp Putsch of 1920, unable to return to Geneva. The entire city had been paralyzed by a general strike, and the trains were not running. His scheduled concert could not go on as planned, but he was forced to stay in Berlin for "interminable days" while the Putsch ran its course. Szigeti writes: "... the impossibility of communicating by phone or wire with my wife--whose condition I pictured with the somewhat lurid pessimism usual to young prospective fathers--was certainly a greater torment to me than all the other discomforts put together".

By 1940, the outbreak of World War II forced the Szigetis to leave Europe for the United States, while Irene remained in Switzerland, having married pianist Nikita Magaloff (1912-1992) earlier that year. They settled in California, where Wanda, always fond of nature, was delighted to be able to raise her own garden. In a letter to a friend, Szigeti describes their California life: "Wanda is happy, doing wonders with her gardening, chicken and rabbit raising, preserve and pâté de foie making. She doesn't budge from our place, doesn't want to come back to New York even for a visit, which I, for one, can well understand! Two dogs, an aviary full of exotic birds, tomatoes, grapes, strawberries, asparagus, artichokes, lovely flowers (camellias too!), right in our own little world."

Szigeti narrowly escaped being killed in the plane crash that claimed the life of movie star Carole Lombard in January 1942. Szigeti, who was on his way to Los Angeles for a concert, was forced to give up his seat on TWA Flight 3 at a refueling stop in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to allow the plane to take on 15 soldiers who, it being wartime, had priority. The plane, off course at night and with wartime blackout conditions in effect, crashed into a mountain cliff after takeoff from an intermediate stop in Las Vegas, killing everyone on board.

In 1950, Szigeti was detained at Ellis Island upon returning from a European concert tour and was held for five days under the Internal Security Act. He was released after an Immigration and Naturalization Service inquiry cleared him of unrevealed charges. At the time of his release from Ellis Island, the New York Times reported that Szigeti had been a "sponsor or patron" of committees or organizations viewed as "subversive" by the U.S. government. Szigeti said after his release that he had never belonged to any political organization in his life, but that gave money or loaned his name to "this cause or that" during the war. The following year, he became a naturalized American citizen. In 1960, the couple returned to Europe and settled near Lake Geneva in Switzerland, close to the home of their daughter and son-in-law. They remained there for the rest of their lives. Wanda died in 1971, predeceasing her husband by two years.

Szigeti found his final resting place at the cemetery of Clarens next to his wife. Their daughter Irene and son-in-law Nikita Magaloff are buried just a few meters from their grave.

Critics
Writing in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Boris Schwarz commented: "Szigeti's performing technique was not always flawless and his tone lacked sensuous beauty, although it acquired a spiritual quality in moments of inspiration ... Szigeti held the bow in an old-fashioned way, with the elbow close to the body, and produced much emphatic power, but not without extraneous sounds. Minor reservations, however, were swept aside by the force of his musical personality." This comment illustrates well the general nature of Szigeti's reception by both critics and fellow musicians: while his musical insights, intellect, and depth of interpretation were almost universally lauded, the purely technical aspect of his playing was awarded a more mixed reaction. His tone in particular seems to have been occasionally uneven from performance to performance. A 1926 recital review in The New York Times, for example, laments that "... his performance was stiff and dry in its observance of letter and its absence of spirit ... Mr. Szigeti was not only inclined to dryness of tone and angularity of phrase, but there were also passages of poor intonation." In contrast, a review from the previous year in the same journal remarked after a performance of the Beethoven concerto that "Mr. Szigeti has a rather small but beautiful tone, elegance, finish. He played with a quiet sincerity which grew upon the audience, though not with the virility and sweep that other violinists find ... it is clear that Mr. Szigeti is a player to command esteem and respect for his musicianship, for the genuineness of his interpretations, and his artistic style."

Musicians
Among his fellow musicians, Szigeti was widely admired and respected. Violinist Nathan Milstein wrote that "Szigeti... was an incredibly cultured musician. Actually his talent grew out of his culture ... I always admired him, and he was respected by musicians ... in his late years, he finally got the appreciation he deserved from the general public as well." In his memoirs, published in 2004, cellist János Starker asserts that "Szigeti was one of the giants among the violinists I had heard from childhood on, and my admiration for him is undiminished up to this day."

Starker then describes a recital he attended late in Szigeti's career, illustrating both the extent to which Szigeti was suffering from arthritis and his ability to still communicate his musical ideas effectively: "'He invited me to his recital in Town Hall ... the first few minutes were excruciating: as I saw later, his fingers had deteriorated to the point that he had almost no flesh on them. But once he loosened up a bit he produced heart-rending beauty."

Violinist Yehudi Menuhin comments at length about Szigeti in his own memoirs, remarking as many others did on Szigeti's intellectual approach to music, but in a somewhat more critical fashion: "Apart from Enesco, he was the most cultivated violinist I have ever known but while Enesco was a force of nature, Szigeti, slender, small, anxious, was a beautifully fashioned piece of porcelain, a priceless Sèvres vase. Curiously for a Hungarian, from whom one expects wild, energetic, spontaneous qualities, Szigeti travelled even farther up a one-way road of deliberate intellectualism. A young accompanist who worked with Szigeti told me that two hours concentration wouldn't get them beyond the first three bars of a sonata--so much analysis and ratiocination went into his practice ... A similar persnicketiness marked his adjudication. Shortly before he died in 1973, he was a member of our jury at the City of London Carl Flesch Concours ... I was struck not only by the sharpness of his intellect but also by what seemed to me the perversity of his opinions. Some particular aspect of a competitor's playing would hold his attention, and he would take violent issue with it, to the exclusion of everything else. For him a violinist was made or broken, a prize awarded or withheld, on details that to me scarcely mattered."

Nevertheless, Menuhin too referred to Szigeti as "a violinist whom I much admired and a man of whom I was very fond".

The writer
During his time in America, Szigeti took to writing; his memoirs, With Strings Attached: Reminiscences and Reflections were published in 1947. The New York Times reviewed it favorably: although in their description the book was "constructed along utterly anarchistic lines, with each episode and anecdote left pretty much on its own", they asserted that "It also has the flavor of life in it, and it is marked by an exhilarating revolt against the custom of arranging catastrophes and triumphs under neat chapter headings".

In 1969, he published his treatise on violin playing, Szigeti on the Violin. In it Szigeti presents his opinions about the then-current state of violin playing and the various challenges and issues facing musicians in the modern world, as well as a detailed examination of violin technique as he understood it.

A recurring theme in the first part is the changing nature of violinist's lives during Szigeti's later years. In his youth, concert artists relied primarily on recitals to establish themselves and attract critical attention and acclaim; by the time of Szigeti's writings, the recital had been eclipsed in importance by the competition. Szigeti was dismayed by this trend, especially since he considered the fast-paced and intense preparation necessary for high-level competitions to be "…incompatible with the slow maturing either of the performing artist or of the repertoire." Szigeti believed that such accelerated development of a musician led to performances that "lack(ed) the stamp of authenticity, the mark of a personal view evolved through trial and error." In a similar vein, he was skeptical of the effects produced by the recording industry on the culture of music-making. In Szigeti's opinion, the allure of the recording contract and the instant "success" that it implied led many young artists to record works before they were musically ready, and thus contributed to the problem of artificially fast development and resulting musical immaturity.

Szigeti also offers a lengthy and detailed explanation of his approach to violin technique. He believed that a violinist should be concerned primarily with musical goals, rather than simply choosing either the easiest or most impressively virtuosic way to play a certain passage. He was particularly concerned with tone color: he advised that "The player should cultivate a seismograph-like sensitivity to brusque changes of tone colour caused by fingerings based on expediency and comfort rather than the composer’s manifest or probable intentions." Other topics prominently discussed include the most effective position of a violinist's left hand, the violin works of Béla Bartók, a cautionary list of widely accepted misprints and editorial inaccuracies in the standard repertoire, and most notably, the vital importance of J.S. Bach's Six Sonatas and Partitas for any violinist's technical and artistic development.

New music
Szigeti was an avid champion of new music, and frequently planned his recitals to include new or little-known works alongside the classics. Many composers wrote new works for him, notably Béla Bartók, Ernest Bloch, and Eugène Ysaÿe, along with lesser-known composers such as David Diamond and Hamilton Harty.

The reason for Szigeti's appeal to composers was articulated by Bloch upon completion of his Violin Concerto: the concerto's premiere would have to be delayed a full year for Szigeti to be the soloist, and Bloch agreed, saying that "Modern composers realize that when Szigeti plays their music, their inmost fancy, their slightest intentions become fully realized, and their music is not exploited for the glorification of the artist and his technique, but that artist and technique become the humble servant of the music."

Szigeti was also the dedicatee of the first of Eugène Ysaÿe's Six Sonatas for Solo Violin; in fact, Ysaÿe's inspiration to compose the sonatas came from hearing Szigeti's performances of J.S. Bach's Six Sonatas and Partitas, to which they are intended as a modern counterpart.

Perhaps Szigeti's most fruitful musical partnership was with his friend Béla Bartók. The first piece Bartók dedicated to him was the First Rhapsody for violin and orchestra (or piano) of 1928; the rhapsody, based on both Romanian and Hungarian folk tunes, was one of a pair of violin rhapsodies written in 1928 (the other being dedicated to Zoltán Székely.) In 1938, Szigeti and clarinetist Benny Goodman teamed up to commission a trio from Bartók: originally intended to be a short work just long enough to fill both sides of a 78 rpm record, the piece soon expanded beyond its modest intent and became the three-movement Contrasts for piano, violin and clarinet. In 1944, by which time Szigeti and Bartók had both fled to the United States to escape the war in Europe, Bartók's health was failing and he had sunk into depression. He was in dire need of money, but felt no inspiration to compose and was convinced that his works would never sell to an American audience. Szigeti came to his friend's aid by securing donations from the American Society of Composers and Publishers to pay for Bartók's medical treatment, and then, together with conductor and compatriot Fritz Reiner, persuaded Serge Koussevitzky to commission from Bartók what eventually became his much-beloved Concerto for Orchestra. The work's success brought Bartók some measure of financial security and provided him with a much-needed emotional boost.

As well as performing new works dedicated to him, Szigeti also championed the music of other contemporary composers, notably Sergei Prokofiev and Igor Stravinsky. He was among the first violinists to make Prokofiev's First Violin Concerto a standard part of his repertoire, and frequently performed and recorded works of Stravinsky (including the Duo Concertante, recorded with the composer at the piano in 1945.) The Berg Violin Concerto he even recorded twice, under the baton of Dimitri Mitropoulos. Most famously, Szigeti recorded the Bloch concerto, a premier recording made in 1939 with the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire conducted by Charles Munch (originally released on Columbia LP and reissued on Membran CD).

title: Joseph Szigeti


text:
Joachim Mrugowsky

Joachim Mrugowsky (15 August 1905 – 2 June 1948) was a Nazi bacteriologist who committed medical atrocities at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He was Associate Professor, Medical Doctorate, Chief of Hygiene Institute of the Waffen-SS, Senior Hygienist at the Reich, SS-Physician, SS and Waffen-SS Colonel. He was found guilty of war crimes following the war in the Doctors' Trial and executed in 1948.

Early life and education
Mrugowsky was born to a family of Polish origin; his father was a medical doctor. In 1925, Mrugowsky began his studies of natural sciences and medicine at the University of Halle. He completed the studies in 1930–1931 with a medical doctorate and a doctorate of natural sciences. 1930–1931 he was the Hochschulgruppenführer (University group leader) of the National Socialist German Students' League branch at the University of Halle. After a two-year internship, he became an assistant at the Hygiene Institute of the University of Halle. Mrugowsky was made an associate professor in the area of hygiene at the University of Berlin in September 1944.

Nazi activities and war crimes
Since 1930, Mrugowsky had been involved in the Nazi ideology, first being the group leader of a local National Socialist German Students' Association then the NSDAP party member (No. 210,049). In 1931, he joined the SS, where he achieved the rank of Oberführer in both the General SS and the Waffen-SS.

Mrugowsky coordinated human experimentation at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin. This included testing of typhus vaccines, and biological warfare agents including poisoned bullets and lethal injections.

Trial and conviction
He was implicated in the Nazi human experimentation program, with the exception of the aviation experiments, which were conducted on concentration camp prisoners. Mrugowsky was convicted of various charges in the Doctors' Trial and sentenced to death in August 1947. He was executed on 2 June 1948. Unrepentant to the end, Mrugowsky's last words were, "I die as a German officer sentenced by a brutal enemy and conscious I never committed the crimes charged against me."

title: Joachim Mrugowsky


text:
How to Irritate People

How to Irritate People is a US sketch comedy television broadcast recorded in the UK at LWT on 14 November 1968 and written by John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Marty Feldman and Tim Brooke-Taylor. Cleese, Chapman, and Brooke-Taylor also feature in it, along with future Monty Python collaborators Michael Palin and Connie Booth.

In various sketches, Cleese demonstrates exactly what the title suggests—how to irritate people, although this is done in a much more conventional way than the absurdity of similar Monty Python sketches.

Pepperpots
The recurring characters of the "Pepperpots," old British housewives who annoy theatre-goers and quiz show hosts in these sketches, would go on to be a major part of Monty Python's Flying Circus, appearing in the majority of the show's episodes.

Job Interview
The "Job Interview" sketch, featuring Cleese as an interviewer who asks several unusual questions of Brooke-Taylor, the interviewee, was later performed, almost unchanged, in the fifth episode of Flying Circus, with Chapman instead playing the interviewee.

Freedom of Speech
The "Freedom of speech" sketch, starring Cleese as the host/interviewer and Chapman as interviewee Dr. Rhomboid Goatcabin, features a discussion about freedom of speech in Great Britain, in which Cleese's character repeatedly reformulates the subject's main question ("Do you believe there is freedom of speech in this country?") in so many ways as to start a monologue and not let Chapman's character speak. This increasingly annoys the interviewee to the point where he is forced to murder the host to express his opinion on the matter, only to be interrupted again by his spirit. This sketch bears some resemblance to Anne Elk's Theory on Brontosauruses and was originally performed on At Last the 1948 Show, with Marty Feldman having played the interviewee.

Indian Restaurant
This sketch, featuring Palin as a waiter in an Indian restaurant who is excessively – and somewhat violently – apologetic to his customers whenever anything goes wrong, may very well have laid the groundwork for the "Dirty Fork" sketch from the third Flying Circus episode. In 1980, the Python team recorded an audio version for their Contractual Obligation Album. Although cut from the final album, it featured among the outtakes on their widely bootlegged Hastily Cobbled Together for a Fast Buck album.

Car Salesman
The "Car Salesman" sketch, in which Palin refuses to accept customer Chapman's claim that a car he sold is faulty, later inspired Python's "Dead Parrot" sketch, in which the malfunctioning car is replaced by an expired parrot.

Quiz Show
The "Quiz Show" sketch, where Brooke-Taylor, as a Pepperpot, annoys Cleese, a quiz show host, while appearing as a contestant on a show, was later adapted into another Monty Python sketch, "Take Your Pick" (or "Spot the Brain Cell," as it would be later called) in the second Flying Circus series, where Terry Jones plays the contestant attempting to win the prize of a "blow on the head."

Airline Pilots
The "Airline Pilots" sketch is set in the cockpit of a commercial airliner, with Cleese (as captain) and Chapman (as copilot). The airliner is on autopilot. Bored, they start making reassuring intercom messages to the passengers telling them there is nothing to worry about – at which point, of course, the passengers get worried – aided by the flight attendant (Palin). These messages get continually more incomprehensible or mutually contradictory until eventually, all the passengers bale out. The Monty Python sketch "Bomb on Plane" in episode 35 alluded briefly to this sketch when pilot Michael Palin told passengers, "Our destination is Glasgow; there is no need to panic."

Release
The programme was directed by Ian Fordyce who also directed At Last the 1948 Show, and was made in the UK for the American market in an attempt to introduce them to the new style of British humor. For this reason, the recording is made to the NTSC color standard. The idea for the show came from David Frost.

The show never aired in the UK but was broadcast in the United States on 21 January 1969 as part of David Frost Presents on KYW-TV. Contemporary reviews suggest a broadcast slot of 60 minutes, including commercials, which would make the version broadcast between 50 and 55 minutes, at least 10 minutes shorter than the current video release. In addition, reviews refer to David Frost as appearing in the show, whereas he is absent from the video version. An audio track confirms that he originally introduced the show. The 1990 UK video release was overseen by Michael Palin, who explained: "I thought it had a few strengths and weaknesses, so we made a few cuts here and there and we put it out".

The show has since appeared on DVD.

title: How to Irritate People


text:
Biju Viswanath

Biju Viswanath is an Indian film director, director of photography, film editor and screenwriter. Across various genres, he has made numerous films in different languages, notably, English, Tamil, Malayalam, Irish, Swahili & Urdu.

He has also served as the jury member 50th National film Awards of India in 2003 and Kerala State Awards in 2003

Career
Viswanath's directorial debut A Voyage is based on the works of Indian writer M. T. Vasudevan Nair, which was produced by veteran Malayalam screenwriter John Paul Puthusery. The movie premiered in Busan International Film Festival, and won the gold medal for Best Short Film in India as well as an Honourable Mention in Zanzibar International Film Festival.

His Urdu film Parwaaz (The Flight) won Special Prize in Patras Film Festival. Viswanath won two awards for Best Cinematography and Best Screenplay in New York Independent Film Festival for his feature film Marathon (2010).

His English feature film Déjàvu, which was produced by editor A. Sreekar Prasad, featuring various British actors, had its international premiere at Busan International Film Festival in 2001 and at the 54th Locarno International Film Festival. Another feature film of his,Viola, won Golden palm in the Mexico International Film festival.

Viswanath made three Irish films based on the works on the poet writer Celia de Fréine.

His First American Feature film Marathon is based on the true story of American poet William Morris Meredith, Jr. Viswanath won two awards for Best Cinematography and Best Screenplay in New York Independent Film Festival for Marathon (2010).

Viswanath's venture in Swahili is Shadow Tree, a film which was shot in Zanzibar, Tanzania. The film won the Special Award in Skepto Film Festival in Italy,

His Indian feature film Orange Mittai Tamil was co-written and produced by Vijay Sethupathi. Another Tamil drama film Chennai Palani Mars won two awards in USA: Grand jury prize in Los Angeles Motion Picture film festival and Best narrative feature in Pinnacle film Awards.

Awards

 * 2009: Best Cinematography at New York City International Film Festival: Marathon
 * 2011: Golden Palm Award at Mexico International Film Festival: Viola
 * 2014: SIGNIS Award for Best Short Film at Zanzibar International Film Festival and Avant-guarde & Experimental Special Award at Skepto Film Festival: Shadow Tree
 * 2019: Gold Award for Best Feature Film at Pinnacle Film Awards: Chennai Palani Mars
 * 2022: Best of Show and Best Feature Documentary at Pinnacle Film Awards: How to make F**ked Up Movies

title: Biju Viswanath


text:
Jamaica Defence Force

The Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) is the combined military of Jamaica, consisting of an infantry Regiment and Reserve Corps, an Air Wing, a Coast Guard fleet and a supporting Engineering Unit. The JDF is based upon the British military model, with similar organisation, training, weapons and traditions. Once chosen, officer candidates are sent to one of several British or Canadian basic officer courses depending upon the arm of service. Enlisted soldiers are given basic training at JDF Training Depot Newcastle. As in the British model, NCOs are given several levels of professional training as they rise up the ranks. Additional military schools are available for speciality training in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

History

The JDF is directly descended from the West India Regiments formed during the period of British rule. The regiments were used extensively by the British to garrison the Colony of Jamaica and possessions in the West Indies. Other units in the JDF heritage tree include the early colonial Jamaica Militia, the Kingston Infantry Volunteers of WWI and reorganised into the Jamaican Infantry Volunteers in WWII. The West India Regiments were reformed in 1958 as part of the West Indies Federation. The dissolution of the Federation resulted in the establishment of the JDF.

The Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) comprises an infantry Regiment and Reserve Corps, an Air Wing, a Coast Guard fleet and a supporting Engineering Unit. The infantry regiment contains the 1st, 2nd and 3rd (National Reserve) battalions. The JDF Air Wing is divided into three flight units, a training unit, a support unit and the JDF Air Wing (National Reserve). The Coast Guard element is divided between seagoing crews and support crews. It conducts maritime safety and maritime law enforcement as well as defence-related operations. The support battalion contains a Military Police platoon as well as vehicle, armourers and supply units. The 1st Engineer Regiment provides military engineering support to the JDF. The Headquarters JDF contains the JDF commander, command staff as well as intelligence, judge advocate office, administrative and procurement sections.

On 5 January 1978, the JDF carried out a covert operation that came to be known as the Green Bay Massacre, in which five Jamaica Labour Party (JLF) supporters were shot dead after being lured to a military shooting range. A specially selected team of snipers led by Major Ian Robinson laid an ambush outside the range while members of the JDF's Military Intelligence Unit (MIU) drove a group of JLF supporters towards them in an army ambulance. After the supporters exited the ambulance, an MIU soldier killed one member while the sniper team opened fire on the rest. Four supporters were killed and the remainder fled into nearby bushes.

In recent years the JDF has been called upon to assist the nation's police, the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), in fighting drug smuggling and a rising crime rate which includes one of the highest murder rates in the world. JDF units actively conduct armed patrols with the JCF in high-crime areas and known gang neighbourhoods. There has been vocal controversy as well as support of this JDF role. In early 2005, an opposition leader, Edward Seaga, called for the merger of the JDF and JCF. This move did not garner support in either organisation nor among the majority of citizens.

Major units of the Jamaica Defence Force

 * Headquarters, Jamaica Defence Force (HQ JDF) - divided into the Operations Branch and Adjutant Quartermaster's Branch, this is the main command of the entire JDF.
 * The Jamaica Regiment - The Jamaica Regiment is the operationalization of a terrestrial and combat focused Regular Force formation with an overarching operational headquarters in command of five battalions; the First, Second, Fourth and Fifth Battalions the Jamaica Regiment (1, 2, 4, 5 JR) and the Combat Support Battalion (Cbt Sp Bn).
 * The Support Brigade (Sp Bde) - Regular Force formation that provides both combat support and service support functions with an overarching operational headquarters for five units:Jamaican Defence Force & Bermuda Regiment soldiers.png in the Blue Mountains in 1996]]
 * Support and Services Battalion
 * 1 Engineer Regiment (JDF)
 * Health Services Corps
 * Corps of Military Police
 * The Maritime, Air and Cyber Command (MACC) - The Maritime, Air and Cyber Command (MACC) is a multi-domain focused Regular Force formation with an operational headquarters in command of six units; the First and Second Districts Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard (1st and 2nd Dist JDF CG), the Jamaica Defence Force Air Wing (JDF AW), the Military Intelligence Unit (MIU), the Special Activities Regiment (SPEAR) and the Military Cyber Corps (MCC).
 * Caribbean Military Academy (CMA) - The Caribbean Military Academy (CMA) was established on 1 May 2019 to function as a Military University, becoming the first of its kind in the Caribbean.
 * The Jamaica National Reserve (JNR) - The Jamaica National Reserve (JNR) is a multi-domain focused Reserve Force formation that has been expanded to include a headquarters element in command of four units; the Third, Sixth and Ninth Battalions the Jamaica Regiment (3, 6 and 9 JR (NR)) in addition to the Support Battalion (National Reserve) (Sp Bn (NR).

Bands
The JDF also supports two military bands:

 * Jamaica Military Band - this is the band that is descended from the band of the West India Regiment, and was formed in February 1927. It is one of only two units in the world (the other being the Band of the Barbados Regiment) that wears the uniform of the zouaves.
 * Jamaica Regiment Band - this band was originally formed as the Band of the West India Regiment formed in 1959 as the military force of the West Indies Federation. With the Federation's break up and the independence of Jamaica, it became the Band of the 1st Battalion, Jamaica Regiment. It gained its current name with the formation of the 2nd Battalion in 1979.

Retired
Previous aircraft operated by the JDF Air Wing consisted of the Aero Commander 500 family, BN-2 Islander, Beechcraft Duke, Beechcraft King Air, Cessna Skymaster, Cessna 185 Skywagon, Cessna 210, DHC-6 Twin Otter, Eurocopter AS355 Écureuil 2, Bell UH-1 Iroquois, Bell 47G, Bell 212, Bell 204/205, and the Bell 222UT helicopter.

Incidents
On July 1, 2009, a Jamaica Defence Force Air Wing Bell 412EP helicopter was on its way back to Up Park Camp from a training mission when it began experiencing mechanical issues. The helicopter crashed into the ground at Up Park Camp, injuring the captain, his co-pilot and a crew member.

JDF Coast Guard

A year after the JDF was formed in 1962, a naval arm, the Jamaica Sea Squadron was added. The squadron's initial vessels were three 63 ft wooden World War II torpedo recovery boats provided by the United States. They were commissioned “Her Majesty's Jamaican Ship” HMJS Yoruba (P1), HMJS Coromante (P2) and HMJS Mandingo (P3). A training team from the Royal Navy assisted with the unit's early development. In 1966 they changed names from the Jamaica Sea Squadron to the Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard.

As of 2016, the Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard was staffed by 241 individuals.

Commissioned officers
The rank insignia for commissioned officers for the army and Coast Guard respectively.

Enlisted
The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army and Coast Guard respectively.

title: Jamaica Defence Force


text:
Thomas Myhre

Thomas Harald Myhre (born 16 October 1973) is a Norwegian football manager and former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is the manager of Moss. The last club he played for before his retirement was Kongsvinger, having returned to Norwegian football in July 2007. Myhre earned 56 caps for the Norwegian national team, and was a part of the Norwegian squad at the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2000 European Championship tournaments.

Early career
Myhre was born in Sarpsborg, Østfold. He started his career with Moss F.K. in the Norwegian First Division, but arrived at Viking in the Premier League in 1993. The 19-year-old replaced Lars Gaute Bø, who retired at the end of the 1992 season, and immediately established himself as the first-choice goalkeeper, playing in every match that season. Myhre was also the number one goalkeeper for the Norway national under-21 team, for whom he reached 27 caps. After missing the entire 1996 season through injury, Myhre returned to form in 1997. He was noticed by English club Everton, who bought him for £800,000 in November 1997.

Move abroad
Myhre instantly established himself as Everton's first choice goalkeeper at the expense of an aging Neville Southall. On 22 April 1998, he made his debut for the Norway national team, keeping a clean sheet in the 2–0 victory over Denmark in Copenhagen. Myhre was subsequently selected to represent Norway at the 1998 FIFA World Cup, where he was an unused substitute for Frode Grodås.

Following an ankle injury, he was replaced by Paul Gerrard as Everton's starting goalkeeper in the summer of 1999 and failed to reclaim his place. Acting as stand-in for Paul Gerrard in the FA-Cup tie against Aston Villa on 20 February 2000, Myhre was at fault for Villa's opening goal. Everton were knocked out of the FA-Cup and Myhre's days at the club were practically numbered.

1997–2001: loans
In the next two years he played for four different teams. He was first loaned out on an emergency basis to Rangers in Scotland in November 1999. In 2000, he was loaned from Everton to Birmingham City to ensure an additional fee would not be incurred for reaching a set number of appearances for Everton. He started well for Birmingham, saving a penalty kick from Keith Curle against Wolverhampton Wanderers on his debut. He played well for Birmingham, and returned to the national team in the spring of 2000, to play at the Euro 2000.

After Euro 2000, Everton loaned him out to Tranmere Rovers, as well as Danish club FC Copenhagen with whom he won the Danish superliga. In November 2001, Myhre permanently left Everton, as he was sold to Turkish club Beşiktaş for £375,000. After one season at Beşiktaş, he moved back to England to play for Sunderland in July 2002. At Sunderland, Myhre was second choice goalkeeper behind Thomas Sørensen, and was loaned out to Crystal Palace in October 2003. His stay at Sunderland was plagued by injuries, and he played only one of the Euro 2004 qualifiers for Norway. However, he returned as first-choice goalkeeper in Sunderland after the departure of Sørensen, playing 31 league games in the 2004–05 season, as the club won promotion to the Premier League. He also returned to the national team, playing 11 of the 12 qualifiers for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

However, Myhre's contract with Sunderland ran out in June 2005, and he chose not to prolong it. On 21 July 2005, he moved back to Norway and joined Fredrikstad F.K. on a free transfer, where he played on a match-by-match basis. He played three matches for Fredrikstad, including an emotional encounter with his former club Viking, before English club Charlton Athletic signed him on a two-year deal on 8 August 2005 following an injury to their goalkeeper Dean Kiely. Initially second choice goalkeeper behind Stephan Andersen, Myhre established himself as Charlton's starting goalkeeper in December 2005. Through the rest of the season, Myhre kept 10 clean sheets, and he played more than ten hours without conceding a home goal at The Valley. However, following the departure of manager Alan Curbishley, he once again found himself second choice goalkeeper at the start of the 2006–07 season, this time in favour of the loaned-in Scott Carson.

Return to Viking
In 2007, he moved back to former club Viking. He did not play as much as he would have wanted with a back injury keeping him out most of 2008. He started the 2009 pre-season well, and played most of the season for the Stavanger-team. His contract with Viking allegedly ended after a late night out in February 2010. Myhre later claimed that Viking was only looking to get rid of him, using it as an excuse. Later revelations are that he was drugged in Marbella.

Kongsvinger
On 5 March 2010, Myhre signed for Kongsvinger. On 11 March 2011, Myhre announced that he would retire from the game.

International career
Myhre was selected to represent Norway at the 1998 FIFA World Cup, where he was an unused substitute for Frode Grodås.

At the 2000 European Championship (Euro 2000) in June, he played all three games for Norway. Myhre kept clean sheets against Spain and Slovenia, and conceded only one goal in the tournament – Savo Milošević's winner in the match against Yugoslavia.

In a Euro 2008 qualifier against Turkey on 28 March 2007, Norway were leading 2–0 at half time. In the second half, Myhre could not hold a free kick from Hamit Altıntop, and fumbled the ball into his own net. Minutes before full-time, another Altıntop shot went straight through Myhre's legs, and the game ended 2–2. Although his Norwegian teammates were consoling him, Myhre proclaimed the match his "worst day on the field". The game against Turkey was Myhre's last game for Norway.

Managerial career
In December 2020, he was appointed as sports director for his boyhood club, Moss. In September 2021, Myhre was appointed manager of Moss. In the 2022 season, Myhre led Moss to promotion and was awarded Manager of the Year.

title: Thomas Myhre


text:
Kelly Petillo

Kelly Carl Petillo (born Cavino Michelle Petillo, December 5, 1903 or December 16, 1903 – June 30, 1970 ) was an American racing driver.

Early life
Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1903, Petillo moved with his family to Huntington Park, California in 1921. He began racing at Los Angeles' Legion Ascot Speedway in 1929.

Driving career
Petillo competed in the Indianapolis 500 on ten occasions, winning the race in 1935 in a year that marked the first win by a car powered by an Offenhauser engine. He went on to win the 1935 AAA-sanctioned National Driving Championship. In 1937, he participated in the Vanderbilt Cup but engine problems forced him out of the race.

In 1942, Petillo sustained a concussion and lacerations after a road accident when his car collided with a freight train. He was denied entry to the 1946 Indianapolis 500, and sued the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for $50,000.

Legal issues and enforced retirement
Off the track, Petillo had numerous run-ins with the law, including charges of attempted rape and attempted murder. In 1948, police arrested him in victory lane after winning a race at Owosso Speedway, on charges of assault to commit murder seven days earlier. This was assault and battery. He was sentenced to ten years in the Indiana State Prison. He was released on parole in 1955, but went missing. He was re-captured in 1957, incidentally, at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. He was returned to prison until 1959, after which he was denied entry to the Indianapolis 500 in 1959 and 1960, officially due to age. After his exclusion in 1959, he again filed a lawsuit for $50,000 against the speedway and the United States Auto Club.

Petillo had a small role in the 1939 motion picture Burn 'Em Up O'Connor.

Death
Petillo and his wife, Valentine, who filed for divorce in 1943, had a son, Kelly Jr.

Petillo died of emphysema in Los Angeles in 1970, aged 66. He is buried in Pacific Crest Cemetery in Redondo Beach, California.

Awards and honors
Petillo has been inducted into the following halls of fame:
 * National Sprint Car Hall of Fame (2009)

title: Kelly Petillo


text:
Talk:Richey Edwards

Book section
Why is there a book section in the article? This looks more like advertisment. I think it should get removed. If you disagree it would mean that we need to add a book section to every other famous person as well - any idea how many books have been published about John Lennon, Kurt Cobain orMichael Jackson? Good luck with that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.44.233.96 (talk) 12:20, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
 * It would probably work better as a list, with the books written about the Manics while he was in them included as well --Drowninginlimbo (talk) 02:15, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

Literature and other cultural influences
Does anyone think it is worth expanding on this section, particularly the last part (Edwards' lyrics have often been of a highly poetic nature, particularly on the band's and at times they reflected his knowledge of political history)? There are lots of examples of lyrics where Edwards (or Edwards and Wire) drawi inspiration (or outright borrow) from writers, philosophers, artists, musicians and the like. For instance:

 * The line 'Anxiety is freedom' from Stay Beautiful is a reference to The Concept of Anxiety by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard
 * The line 'Daylight bores the sunshine out of me' from Another Invented Disease is a direct rip from The Rolling Stones song Rocks Off lyrics 'The sunshine bores the daylights out of me'
 * The line 'Beauty is such a terrible thing' from She Is Suffering comes from The Brothers Karamazov by Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky, where he states "Beauty is a terrible and awful thing!'
 * The line 'I am nothing and should be everything' from Methadone Pretty is a quote by revolutionary writer Karl Marx's Contribution To The Critique Of Hegel's Philosophy Of Law
 * The line 'Little people, in little houses, small blind and worthless' from Of Walking Abortion is a quote regularly attributed to serial killer Ian Brady (and the title is a quote from The SCUM Manifesto by Valerie Solanas)

Reference: http://www.manics.nl/site/phrases.htm --Drowninginlimbo (talk) 02:12, 8 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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1995 Death vs Year of Death Uncertain
Is there any protocol regarding people legally declared death in absentia? --181.115.61.87 (talk) 16:52, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

External links all dead
Time to remove them. 150.143.128.65 (talk) 00:25, 17 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Many if not all can be recovered from https://archive.org.  General Ization Talk  00:31, 17 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Richey Edwards