text:
User:Nickj/Redirects

What is this?
This is a project to help suggest new useful redirects and disambiguation pages from the data that we already have in the Wikipedia.

How does this work?

 * 1) Randomly select a page from the list of pages below (that hasn't been crossed out already).
 * 2) On that page, randomly select a section from the list of contents.
 * 3) In that section, you will find a suggested redirect or disambiguation.
 * 4) * Each suggestion will have a link that says "Easy Preview". Clicking this link automatically fills in the description, and the contents of the page, but doesn't save it. You still have to then press the Save button if you want to save the suggestion, but you don't have to type a single thing.
 * 5) * Each suggestion will have the name of the page that's being suggested, just to the right of "Easy Preview". If this link is red, then there is nothing at this page currently, so you can add the suggestion, if you agree with it. If this link is blue, then it's probably already been done.
 * 6) If there were suggestions that you thought were bad suggestions, then please strike them out (and they will be excluded from future lists). Update: You no longer have to delete from the page any suggestions that you added, or that have already been done (as the red links make it easy to see what's not been done yet). When all the suggestions on a page are either blue or have been struck out, then that page is completed (and can be crossed off the list).
 * 7) That's it. Repeat, if you like.

Redirect Suggestions
Tip: Please ignore instruction number 3 on these pages, about deleting things you add (it's no longer necessary to do this). What instruction number 3 should say instead is this:
 * If there were suggestions that you thought were bad suggestions, then please strike them out, rather than deleting them (and they will then be excluded from future lists). When all the suggestions on a page are either blue or have been struck out, then that page is completed (and can be crossed off the main list).

None at the present time

Completed redirect suggestions
- 000 - 001 - 002 - 003 - 004 - 005 - 006

- 007 - 008 - 009 - 010 - 011 - 012 - 013

- 014 - 015 - 016 - 017 - 018 - 019 - 020

- 021 - 022 - 023 - 024 - 025 - 026 - 027

- 028 - 029 - 030 - 031 - 032 - 033 - 034

- 035 - 036 - 037 - 038 - 039 - 040 - 041

- 042 - 043 - 044 - 045 - 046 - 047 - 048

- 049 - 050 - 051 - 052 - 053 - 054 - 055

- 056 - 057 - 058 - 059 - 060 - 061 - 062

- 063 - 064 - 065 - 066 - 067 - 068 - 069

Completed disambiguation suggestions
- 000 - 001 - 002 - 003 - 004 - 005 - 006

- 007 - 008 - 009 - 010 - 011 - 012

Completed Geographical Disambiguation suggestions
Tip: These disambiguation suggestions contain one or more geographical names (e.g. "Portage Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania").

- 004 - 005 - 006 - 008 - 009 - 010 - 011

- 012 - 013 - 000 - 001 - 002 - 003 - 007

- 014 - 015 - 016 - 017 - 018 - 019

What do the numbers to the right of each link mean?
The numbers are the number of different articles in which a suggestion occurs. So the higher the number, the more commonly something is suggested. However, there are sometimes good suggestions that occur infrequently, and bad suggestions which occur frequently. The best thing is to use your judgement, rather than rely on the numbers.

Where does the data come from? (short version)
The short version is that people had to go out of their way to link a bit of text on something other than just the straight text itself (i.e. the link target and the link label differ, and the label has no page currently, but the target does). Using that information, we can add redirects (where all the links agree), or disambiguation pages (where they don't). Keep reading for more information.

Where does the redirect data come from?
Consider any link where the label and target are different. For example: "November 2004 - dubya re-elected". Now, one way of interpreting this is that the author of that bit of text thinks that "dubya" should be a redirect to "George W. Bush". In this case, there already is such a redirect - but what if there wasn't? Suppose this same thing happened enough times (say in 3 or more articles), all unanimously suggesting that "dubya" should be a redirect to "George W. Bush". Surely then we would have enough information to consider creating that redirect. That's what this project does.

Where does the disambiguation data come from?
Now take another example, where people think the same links should point to different places. Suppose that in one article we find this: "best city in Australia", and in another article we find this "best city in Australia", and some else writes this: "best city in Australia". Then, just from this information, we can look to see if there is a page for "best city in Australia" (there isn't), and then we can create one, as a disambiguation page that says: Best city in Australia is either: * Sydney * Melbourne * Canberra Of course, I'm using this disambiguation page as a simple example, but it makes the point that it may well be possible to automatically fill in the blanks, using the information and content that we already have in Wikipedia.

What if there is already a page at the target location?
If there is already a page at the target location (i.e. the link is not red), then please just delete that suggestion from the list (as the aim is to add things that are missing, not to change things that have already been added).

Are redirects OK from plural to singular, or from singular to plural?
Yes, they're fine. They're not required, but they are OK. Please see this Wikipedia naming convention if you would like more information on this.

Tip: If you create a redirect from a plural to singular, then Template:R from plural is now automatically included for you (using the rules of noun plurals as defined by the English Department of Purdue University). This will automagically add it to Category:Redirects from plurals.

What if I don't know if a redirect is any good or not?
Then ignore that particular suggestion, and don't delete it from the list (sooner or later someone will read it who knows whether it's any good or not). Only add the redirects that you think are reasonable.

How many suggestions were found in this run?
16739 redirects, and 789 disambiguation pages.

Source code
Source code for the Missing Redirects project is now available. It's a bit of a mess, sorry!

Thank you to contributors
A big thank you to everyone who helps out! Please feel free to add your name to the list below:

 * ABCD
 * Neutrality/talk
 * Nickj
 * Noel
 * Quadell
 * Inter
 * Kevyn
 * r3m0t
 * Woohookitty
 * JPæst

Previously rejected suggestions
The redirect and disambig suggestions rejected in the previous run have now been collected and listed on this page.

Some tentative conclusions can be formed from this list:
 * Things that include the possessive apostrophe–s (e.g.: Einstein's, NASA's, Queen Victoria's, Democratic Party's) are bad suggestions.
 * Geographical suggestions are the least contentious.
 * Things that are 3 characters long (e.g. "O-R" or "Fr.") are often bad suggestions.
 * Things that end in a period (e.g. "lt." or "Gr." or "sim. ch.") are bad suggestions.
 * Things that contain open and close parantheses (e.g. "(O.S.)", or "President(s)") seem to be bad suggestions.
 * Things that start with "Minister for" are bad suggestions (e.g. "Minister for Fisheries & Forestry", "Minister for Supplies", "Minister for the Gaeltacht").
 * Things that start with a hyphen (e.g. "-20", "-37", "-38" - which are all aircraft model numbers) are bad suggestions.

title: User:Nickj/Redirects


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Presbyterian Church (USA)

Someone has deleted the article and then replaced it with the offending, biased article. This should not be tolerated. Zantastik 04:31, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This is my first entry into Wikipedia so please excuse me if I get this wrong. Zantastik mentions a article that was deleted and replaced by the current. Is there any way to read the previous article?

I am going to make a post to the discussion page with some of my impressions regarding the current article. --PresbyPaul 19:29, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Comment: I'm not sure exactly what happened, but it appears that someone did a cut and paste move of the article from Presbyterian Church USA to Presbyterian Church (USA). Since the original article had been listed on VfD, Votes for deletion/Presbyterian Church USA, the same text showed up in the copied article under the new name--then Zantastik clicked on the link in the VfD header and created this article (which is NOT the same subpage that is listed on VfD). I have no idea about the prior history of the article and have no comment about any bias that may or may not be in the article. And this is not a vote. I would expect there should be an article about the Presbyterian Church in the USA. older ≠ wiser 21:15, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * Reply: Thanks! I'm starting to get it figured out. These comments are on a page that is redirected to the page that actually has all comments and discussion. Correct article with discussion --PresbyPaul 21:28, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Lumban

Lumban, officially the Municipality of Lumban, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 32,330 people.

Lumban is one of Laguna's oldest towns, located 7 km from Santa Cruz, 94 km southeast of Manila, and 55 km north of Lucena. It got its name from Aleurites moluccanus, a tree locally named "lumbang". The province's capital town, Santa Cruz, as well as Cavinti and Pagsanjan, were once part of Lumban. The town is the location of the river, wherein the Laguna Copperplate Inscription was found. The copperplate is the oldest known document found in the Philippines, dating to 900AD. Lumban is the home of Lake Caliraya, a man-made lake often visited by nature lovers and sports people. It is known as the "Embroidery Capital of the Philippines". Fine Jusi and Piña cloth are embroidered by hand, and the finished product is worn by males as barong tagalog and by females as Saya (Filipiñana). These are export-quality items. Lumban is also known for its many designs of shoes, sandals, slippers, and step-ins - all made from local materials. They are usually sold in shopping malls in Metro Manila, albeit at slightly higher prices than what can be found in Laguna.

Barangays
Lumban is politically subdivided into 16 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Bagong Silang
 * Balimbingan (Poblacion)
 * Balubad
 * Caliraya
 * Concepcion
 * Lewin
 * Maracta (Poblacion)
 * Maytalang I
 * Maytalang II
 * Primera Parang (Poblacion)
 * Primera Pulo (Poblacion)
 * Salac (Poblacion)
 * Santo Niño (Poblacion)
 * Segunda Parang (Poblacion)
 * Segunda Pulo (Poblacion)
 * Wawa

Lake Caliraya
Lumban is the home of Lake Caliraya, a man-made lake. Created in 1939, the lake has developed as a spot for water sports and outdoor recreation including fishing. Surrounding the lake are a number of resorts catering to tourists and vacation homes abound because of the local scenery and climate.

Caliraya Dam
Caliraya Dam is an embankment dam located in the town of Lumban province of Laguna, in the Sierra Madre Mountain Range of the Philippines. The reservoir created by the dam, Lake Caliraya, initially supplied one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in the Philippines, and later became a recreational area for water sports and fishing. The dam construction was started in 1939 and a small hydroelectric plant was operated in 1942.

Lake Caliraya was later connected with another man-made lake, Lumot Lake, to provide more water through a 2.3 km (1.4 mi) underground penstock. Later still the dam and lake were used as the upper reservoir for the Kalayaan Pumped-Storage Hydroelectric plant located west of Lake Caliraya, with Laguna de Bay as the lower reservoir.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of Lumban, Laguna, was 32,330 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2.

Culture
The town fiesta is held every 20'th of January in honor of San Sebastian, the town's patron saint. Lupi is held every last Sunday of January.

Feast of San Sebastian
The San Sebastian Festival is a procession held at the Lumban River, where the icon of the patron saint San Sebastian together with hundreds of devotees is afloat on “Kaskitos”, or a fleet of large boats.

The San Sebastian Festival began after the people had adopted Saint Sebastian the Martyr as their patron saint during the 18th century when the Franciscans did their mission assignment in the town. On this annual celebration, observed every 4th Sunday of January at Lumban, which is the Embroidery Capital of the Philippines, boasts of two noteworthy events that take place side by side the town fiesta.

The Moro-Moro or the “Komedya” is staged on the evening prior to the Festival. Local talents are tapped to perform the demanding roles that the comedia necessitates. Wearing colorful costumes, local actors and actresses showcase their acting prowess before spectators.

The “Paligong Poon” takes place at the Lumban River, where the Icon of the Patron Saint, San Sebastian, together with hundreds of devotees are float on “Kaskitos” (a fleet of large boats), holding lit candles and performing rituals across the river, known as “Lupi”.

Participating are civic and religious organizations and groups of bands in the locality. The icon is then paraded around the town while locals take turns in dousing the saint and devotees. Witnessed by spectators from the municipality and neighboring towns.

On this feast, each barangays of Lumban has its own icon of the patron saint which was included on their respective float. It is also included in here the 9-days novena of the Hermanas of the town.

On this feast, the people of the town make themselves totally wet in accordance to the ritual ceremony of the patron saint of Lumban.

Burdang Lumban Festival
Lumban holds the Burdang Lumban Festival, an annual festival celebrating the local traditional of hand embroidery, the third week of September. The festival was created as a way to promote tourism.

Lumban has been known for its barong Tagalog, wedding gowns and embroidery. It wants to strengthen and further its reputation for hand embroidery, and establish itself as the Embroidery Capital of the Philippines.

The festival includes a street dancing competition, in which school children dance in bright and colorful costumes inspired by the barong Tagalog and embellished with known embroidery designs. They start at the multi-purpose covered hall in front of the municipal building, march in front of the church, through the narrow streets, and end at the entrance of the barangay of Wawa with a showdown. Larger-than-life tambors and bastidors serve as props. Their choreography led them to win a prize at the Anilag Festival, Laguna's “festival of festivals."

title: Lumban


text:
User talk:Duncan Smikle

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 04:31, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Duncan Smikle


text:
City Bank of Montreal

The City Bank of Montreal (known in French as "La Banque de la Cité") was an early bank founded in Montreal in 1833, when it was part of Lower Canada. It was founded as a counterpart to the Bank of Montreal, whose politically conservative directors made it difficult for leading liberals to do business in the province. During its existence, it issued a number of tokens for use in trade, and is known for producing many varieties of the Bouquet sou, and for co-issuing the Habitant token along with the other leading banks of Montreal in the late 1830s. It also issued paper money.

It also had branches in Toronto, and in Quebec City.

City Bank merged with Royal Canadian Bank to form Consolidated Bank of Canada in 1876.

title: City Bank of Montreal


text:
Talk:Joseph Pulitzer

Newsboy Strike of 1899
Why is it that the Newsboy strike of 1899 isn't mentioned at all? It was not only the inspiration for the film/musical "Newsies" which is mentioned at the bottom of the page, it also seems purposefully ignored as the majority of this page is shed in a positive light. It seems like a bias issue at first glance.

Agreed. I was surprised by the lack of mention of his exploitation of child labour, and his union breaking — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.150.133.231 (talk) 09:23, 21 July 2020 (UTC)

Shooting incident
I am surprised this article doesn't mention Pulitzer shooting a lobbyist, mentioned prominently in New World Encyclopedia. As well, this newspaper seems to hint at another large issue not mentioned in this article. For anyone interested in the man, please consider adding information regarding these two events. Please do not archive this until it's fulfilled. ɱ (talk) · vbm  · coi) 21:15, 2 November 2016 (UTC)

a few questions...
1. He "exhibited such sincerity along with his oddities that he had pumped a half-amused excitement into a campaign that was normally lethargic." What oddities? And half-amused excitement? What is that supposed to me?

2. "On August 31, 1870, Schurz (now a U.S. Senator), Pulitzer, and other reformist anti-Grant Republicans bolted from the state convention" ...Why were they anti-Grant?

3. What are reformist newspapermen?

4. "After Tilden's narrow defeat under dubious circumstances" ....I know what those circumstances are, but many readers will not. This needs to be explained, even if it just in a dependent clause.

5. "he returned to St. Louis to practice law". Did he pass a bar exam? If so, it doesn't mention that in the article. Or was he practicing without having passed the bar?

6. "In April 1883, the Pulitzer family traveled to New York"...who was in the Pulitzer family? It isn't mentioned yet at all in the article.

7. "Pulitzer was prepared to give up"...give what up? the half million dollars?

If anyone can help clarify any of these things in the article, it would be much appreciated. Thanks, Kingturtle = (talk) 19:31, 20 July 2023 (UTC)

"Jewish family"
His father was of Jewish descent. However, the German-language article says that his mother was Catholic and his brother became a priest. This would suggest that the children were raised in the Catholic faith. Moreover, the Catholic Church does not usually allow marriage with non-Christians, so his father may also have converted. But even if not: If his mother was Catholic it's not a "Jewish family", but at most a "mixed Jewish-Catholic family". 88.64.225.53 (talk) 07:20, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joseph Pulitzer


text:
User talk:Lordofmalden

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 04:31, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Lordofmalden


text:
Canadian Red Ensign

The Canadian Red Ensign (Red Ensign canadien) served as a nautical flag and civil ensign for Canada from 1892 to 1965, and later as the de facto flag of Canada before 1965. The flag is a British Red Ensign, with the Royal Union Flag in the canton, emblazoned with the shield of the coat of arms of Canada.

The Canadian Red Ensign emerged as an informal flag to represent Canada as early as the 1870s and was used at sea and on land "on all public buildings throughout the provinces," prior to becoming the country's civil ensign in 1892. The flag was adorned with the arms of the Canadian provinces until 1922, when the arms of Canada replaced the amalgamation of provincial arms on the ensign. During the Second World War, the ensign saw use as symbol that represented Canada's armed forces. In 1945, an order in council named the Canadian Red Ensign a "distinctive Canadian flag" to fly on government buildings. However, the ensign was never formally adopted as a national flag of Canada, with the Union Flag used in that role until the Maple Leaf flag was adopted in 1965. The Maple Leaf flag replaced the Canadian Red Ensign as the civil ensign of the country when it became Canada's first official national flag.

Description
The ensign is the Red Ensign of the United Kingdom, embellished with the Arms of Canada as a shield in the bottom right quarter. The shield is divided into four quarters, consisting of the coats of arms of England, Scotland, Ireland and the Kingdom of France, the four founding nations of Canada. The first three quarters are the same as the Arms of the United Kingdom. At the base is a sprig of three maple leaves representing Canada. The leaves are described as proper, that is, the natural colour; it uses red and gold, the colour of the leaves in autumn. An earlier version of the Arms of Canada and the Canadian Red Ensign, used from 1922 to 1957, was coloured green.

History
The Red Ensign bearing some sort of a Canadian emblem was used by Canadians both on land and at sea beginning as early as 1868 (soon after Confederation) on an informal or extra-legal basis. As Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald "constantly made use of it", promoting it throughout Canada "by precept and example." An 1891 memo from the Governor General, Lord Stanley, stated: "the Dominion Government has encouraged by precept and example the use on all public buildings throughout the provinces of the Red Ensign with the Canadian badge on the 'Fly.'" In 1892, it was authorized by Admiralty Warrant for use on ships registered in Canada and this was enshrined in the Canada Shipping Act of 1934, yet the flag had no legal status on land (the Royal Union Flag remained the formal national flag of Canada until 1965). Despite its lack of any official status on land, the Red Ensign with Canadian arms was widely used on land, and flew over the Parliament Buildings until 1904 when it was replaced by the Union Flag. Various versions of the Red Ensign continued to be flown on land and the flag featured prominently in patriotic displays and recruiting efforts during the First World War. It can be seen in numerous photographs of Canadian troops, on the prime minister's car, and in victory parades. The original Canadian Red Ensign had the arms of the four founding provinces on its shield. However, in the late 19th and early 20th century, flag manufacturers would often supplement this design with wreaths of laurel and oak leaves and crowns. The design was frequently placed on a white background square, circle or roughly following the outline of the arms in the flag's fly (right hand side assuming the flagpole to be on the left). There was no standard design for the Red Ensign until the early 1920s. In 1921, the Government of Canada asked King George V to order a new coat of arms for Canada. The College of Arms thus designed a suitable coat of arms of Canada. The new shield was formally adopted on the Canadian Red Ensign through order-in-council on 26 April 1922. In 1924, the Red Ensign was approved for use on Canadian government buildings outside Canada. The Canadian Red Ensign, through history, tradition and custom was finally formalized on 5 September 1945, when the Governor General of Canada signed an Order-in-Council (P.C. 5888) which stated that "The Red Ensign with the Shield of the Coat of arms in the fly (to be referred to as "The Canadian Red Ensign") may be flown from buildings owned or occupied by the Canadian federal Government within or without Canada shall be appropriate to fly as a distinctive Canadian flag." The flag was thus approved for use by government buildings inside Canada as well, and once again flew over Parliament.

The Red Ensign served as the country's civil ensign from 1892 to 1965 when it was replaced by today's Maple Leaf flag. The flag bore various forms of the shield from the Canadian coat of arms in its fly during the period of its use. From 1922 until 1957, the Canadian Red Ensign was virtually the same, except that the leaves in the coat of arms were green, and there was a slight alteration to the Irish harp (the earlier version having a woman's bust as part of the harp). A blue ensign, also bearing the shield of the Canadian coat of arms, was the jack flown by the Royal Canadian Navy and the ensign of other ships owned by the Canadian government until 1965. From 1865 until Canadian Confederation in 1867, the United Province of Canada could also have used a blue ensign, but there is little evidence such a flag was ever used. In Otto Reinhold Jacobi's painting of the new Parliament Buildings in 1866, a Red Ensign flies from the tower of the East Block.

In 2007, the Canadian Red Ensign was formally recognized as a "national symbol of Canada," by the Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada.

Vimy Ridge Red Ensign

The Red Ensign carried by the 5th Canadian Infantry Battalion (Western Cavalry) at the Battle of Vimy Ridge in 1917 survives to this day, and is possibly the oldest Canadian flag in existence. The battle was the first time all four divisions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force fought together during the First World War, and is viewed as a pivotal event in the history of Canadian national identity.

The Red Ensign flown at Vimy Ridge in 1917 had the arms of Canada's first four provinces. In the Royal Warrant of 1868 assigning arms to the first four provinces of Canada, Queen Victoria authorized them to be quartered for use on the Great Seal of Canada and thus  de facto they became the arms for Canada until 1921. After the battle, the flag was donated to the Imperial War Museum in the United Kingdom by Lieutenant-Colonel Lorn Paulet Owen Tudor of the 5th Battalion, an Englishman who had emigrated to Canada before the war.

The Imperial War Museum refused requests over the years to repatriate the Vimy Ridge Red Ensign to Canada, including a request in 2000 to acquire the flag for the ceremonies surrounding the dedication of Canada's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. David Penn, Keeper of Exhibits and Firearms at the Imperial War Museum, called the flag "our most important First World War Commonwealth artifact".

Eventually, after months of negotiations involving the Royal Canadian Legion, the Imperial War Museum agreed to lend the flag to Canada to commemorate the opening of the new Canadian War Museum in Ottawa in 2005. The flag was returned to the United Kingdom in 2008.

There is another Red Ensign in existence that was reportedly carried by Canadian troops at the Battle of Vimy Ridge, currently held by the Penticton Museum and Archives in Penticton, British Columbia. It is a simple red ensign, without a coat of arms.

Usage today
Though much less common than either the Maple Leaf or modern provincial flags, the several versions of the Canadian Red Ensign continue to be flown today both in official and unofficial capacities. In view of its association with the Canadian Army during the world wars, it is flown alongside the Maple Leaf flag at numerous war memorials, including the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in France. It is also used by veterans' groups, and is part of the official colour party (together with the Maple Leaf) of the Royal Canadian Legion. The flag is sometimes flown on vintage ships, and at heritage sites where it is historically accurate.

In the 2010s, some far right, white nationalist or white supremacist groups have co-opted the red ensign, displaying it either alongside or instead of the Maple Leaf as a symbol of a monoculturally white Canada. These include the Aryan Guard, the founder of the Canadian Nazi Party, white nationalist leader Paul Fromm, and the five members of the Proud Boys who disrupted an indigenous protest on Canada Day in July 2017.

The flag's appropriation by white supremacists has produced an outcry from several groups, including the Royal Canadian Legion, the Canadian Centre for the Great War, and the editor of the history journal The Dorchester Review, who have expressed the view that "trivializing, or treating as a kind of talisman of defiance, a flag that has a much more venerable and mainstream role" is not right and "flies in the face of what the Red Ensign means".

Variations
Before the adoption of the new arms of Canada in 1921, flag makers made the badge larger each time a new province joined Confederation. This led to the creation of several unofficial but widely used variants of the Canadian Red Ensign.

At the opening ceremony of the 1936 Olympic Games, a variant of the 1922–1957 red ensign with the arms inside a white disc was carried by Canadian Olympian and flag bearer James Worrall. However the normal version of the red ensign without the disc was hoisted alongside the other national flags that surrounded the perimeter of the stadium.

Some of the variations are shown below.

Provincial
Today, two Canadian provincial flags are Red Ensigns, the flag of Ontario and the flag of Manitoba. In 1965, after the Great Flag Debate in Parliament and throughout the country as a whole, the Maple Leaf flag was adopted. The Red Ensign, however, retained broad sympathy including amongst many who desired a distinct national flag for Canada. Ontario and Manitoba subsequently adopted their provincial flags in 1965 and 1966 respectively.

Canadian Blue Ensign
The Canadian Blue Ensign is similar to the Red Ensign. The flag was used as the jack of the Royal Canadian Navy from its inception until the adoption of the Maple Leaf flag in 1965. The Blue Ensign was approved by the British Admiralty in 1868 for use by ships owned by the Canadian government. Carr's Flags of the World says "The Blue Ensign is charged with the shield in the fly", and that the Blue Ensign "is worn 'as a Jack' for distinguishing purposes when at anchor, or under way and dressed with masthead flags".

In 1937, the Canadian Government established that the Canadian Blue Ensign ("the Blue Ensign of the Dominion of Canada") would be used as a special ensign by the several Canadian yacht clubs which had prior to then used the British Blue Ensign (either plain or defaced) as their special ensign. This usage lasted until the 1965 introduction of the Maple Leaf flag. Today, some Canadian yacht clubs use the Canadian Blue Ensign to commemorate this usage.

In art and culture
Otto Reinhold Jacobi included a red ensign flying from the East Block in his 1866 painting of the Parliament Buildings.

During the early 1990s an urban myth developed claiming that the US flag was printed on the 1986 series of Canadian banknotes. The myth stated that the US flag could be seen flown on the Parliament buildings depicted behind Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier on the $5 banknote, Sir John A. Macdonald on the $10 note and William Lyon Mackenzie King on the $50 note. This flag was in fact the Canadian Red Ensign, which was contemporaneous with the three prime ministers, but in such a small size that it could be confused with the US flag.

title: Canadian Red Ensign


text:
Piedmont Geriatric Hospital

Piedmont Geriatric Hospital is a geriatric hospital located in the state of Virginia. It is Virginia's only state facility solely dedicated to the evaluation and treatment of persons over the age of 65. The 123-bed geriatric hospital is located in Burkeville on the 300 acre site of the former Piedmont Sanatorium. Founded in 1967, the facility employs 320 staff members and is a training site for major universities, colleges, and vocational schools in geropsychiatry and other clinical specialties.

History
The 300 acre site of PGH was originally Piedmont Sanatorium, a rest home for African Americans with tuberculosis. The Sanatorium was closed in 1965 and converted into a geriatric hospital in 1967. In 1985, PGH was accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.

In 1999, word leaked out that PGH was slated to be closed under the 1999-2000 budget of Governor George Allen. The Legislature voted to keep PGH open with funding allocated through 2000.

On November 25, 2000, the Richmond Times-Dispatch cited an administration leak that PGH would be closed by 2006. State Senator Frank Ruff speculated that the information was leaked on purpose in order to gauge the public's reaction. Local officials and the Piedmont Geriatric Association organized to oppose the closure, and the Legislature funded PGH for 2000.

In 2002, Governor Mark R. Warner proposed budget amendments to shut down PGH and Delegate Robert McDonnell introduced House Bill 995 to close Piedmont by 2007. Nottoway Supervisor Jack Green called it the facility's most serious closure threat to date. He noted the state's desire to save money and the attractiveness of the hospital's 300 acre estate for other building projects. The bill passed after it was amended to eliminate the provision to "close Piedmont Geriatric Hospital, opened in 1967 and located in Burkeville, no earlier than July 1, 2007".

In 2004, the state Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse proposed building a facility to house 150 of Virginia's most dangerous sex offenders on PGH grounds. The facility would be self-contained and not occupy the same buildings as PGH. Reasons for selecting the Burkeville site included its proximity to Nottoway Correctional Center, which could provide backup security help, and the nearby temporary sex offenders unit in Dinwiddie, whose workers could easily transition to the new facility.

The offenders in question fall under the control of the DMHMRS, rather than the prison system, because they have completed their prison sentences but still meet the criteria for civil commitment as sexually violent predators.

Residents
PGH treats elderly persons (65+ years of age) who:
 * Are in need of inpatient treatment for mental illness,
 * Meet the requirements for voluntary or involuntary admission as determined by their mental health center, and
 * Do not have a medical condition that requires priority treatment in an acute care hospital.

According to PGH's facility profile, "80-90% of PGH's admissions come from a complex combination of psychiatric and physical impairments whose needs are not met in traditional medical or psychiatric settings". Many hospital residents are transferred there because of complex behavior that nursing homes are not equipped to manage. Under Virginia law, patients must be transferred out of nursing homes if they :
 * Present an imminent physical threat or danger to self or others,
 * Require continuous licensed nursing care (seven-days-a-week, 24-hours-a-day), or
 * Have other medical and functional care needs of residents that cannot properly be met in an assisted living facility.

Music therapy
Music therapy part of the Psychosocial-Rehabilitation Department.

Music therapy is the prescribed use of music and musical interventions in order to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health and well-being. Music therapy works towards specific therapeutic goals and objectives. Goal areas include communicative, academic, motor, emotional, and social skills. It is important to be aware that while clients may develop their musical skills during treatment, these skills are not the primary concern of the therapist. Rather it is the effect such musical development might have on the client's physical, psychological and socio-economical functioning.

The credential Music Therapist - Board Certified (MT-BC) is granted by the Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT) to identify music therapists who have demonstrated the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to practice music therapy at the current level of the profession. The purpose of board certification in music therapy is to provide an objective national standard that can be used as a measure of professionalism by interested agencies, groups, and individuals.

Psychology
The PGH Psychology Department provides evaluations and nonpharmacological interventions for all PGH patients. Evaluations provided include neurocognitive, emotional, personality, decision-making capacity, and forensic evaluations. Interventions include, among others, individual psychotherapy, group therapy, psychoeducational sessions, and behavior planning. PGH Psychologists are also active in hospital administration, program evaluation, performance improvement, and risk management activities. Hospital research efforts are also overseen by the Psychology Department.

The Psychology Department utilizes the most current techniques available in current research literature. Department staff serve as leaders within and outside of the hospital regarding current knowledge in mental health and behavioral research, and have developed many innovative protocols and methods to optimally serve their clientele. Psychology is also involved in clinical teaching, serving as a practicum site for local doctoral and masters level programs and offering frequent seminars for community eldercare providers through Piedmont Geriatric Institute.

PGH Psychology consists of four licensed clinical psychologists, one resident in clinical psychology, and an administrative assistant.

Units
PGH's 123 residents are divided into four units of approximately 30 residents each. The staff for each unit consists of Registered Nurses, Licensed Practical Nurses, and Direct Service Associates.

Shifts
The staff are organized into day, evening, and night shifts. During the day shift, members of the physical, recreational, occupational, Psychology, and Music Therapy staff, as well as social workers and the Chaplain visit each unit. During the evening and night shifts, unit nursing coordinators and the house-nursing supervisor make rounds.

Inspectors
The facility is inspected routinely by the Office of the Inspector General. Unannounced reviews conducted between 1999 and 2004 consistently reported clean, comfortable, and well-maintained surroundings.

title: Piedmont Geriatric Hospital


text:
Anagarika Govinda

Anagarika Govinda (born Ernst Lothar Hoffmann, 17 May 1898 – 14 January 1985) was the founder of the order of the Arya Maitreya Mandala and an expositor of Tibetan Buddhism, Abhidharma, and Buddhist meditation as well as other aspects of Buddhism. He was also a painter and poet.

Life in Europe
Ernst Lothar Hoffmann was born in Waldheim, Germany, the son of a German father and a Bolivian mother. His father was quite well to do and owned a cigar factory. His mother died when he was three years old. While enrolled in the German army during World War I, he caught tuberculosis in Italy and was discharged. He recovered at a sanatorium and then studied philosophy, psychology and archaeology at Freiburg University. He did not finish his studies, but went to live in a German art colony on Capri in Italy, as a painter and poet. He studied at the Universities of Naples and Cagliari and made archeological research journeys in North Africa. He lived on Capri from 1920 until 1928. During his time in Italy Hoffman became familiar with the work of German life-philosopher Ludwig Klages whose biocentric metaphysics greatly fascinated him and influenced his approach to and understanding of Buddhism. Already at the age of 16 he started to study philosophy and by way of Schopenhauer he encountered Buddhism. After having made a comparative study of the major religions, he became a convinced Buddhist at the age of 18. He joined the Bund für buddhistisches Leben (Association for Buddhist Living). On Capri he practiced meditation with an American Buddhist friend.

Sri Lanka
In December 1928, Hoffman moved from Capri to Sri Lanka and stayed as a celibate Buddhist layman (brahmacāri), and later as a celibate, homeless layman (anagarika), for nine weeks at the Island Hermitage with Nyanatiloka Thera, a teacher and scholar in the Theravada tradition. He was instrumental in founding the International Buddhist Union (IBU) in 1929, of which he made Nyanatiloka the president. The aim of the IBU was to unite all Buddhists worldwide and to promote Buddhism through the virtuous and exemplary conduct of practising Buddhists. As secretary of the IBU, he travelled to Burma and Europe to raise support. Although he came to Sri Lanka with the aim of becoming a Buddhist monk, he was discouraged to do so by Anagarika Dharmapala on the grounds that it would be difficult to travel as a Buddhist monk. In 1930 he founded the Variyagoda Hermitage in a tea-estate in the mountains near Gampola, but he only lived there for one year with his German stepmother Anne Habermann who had come with him from Europe. At Variyagoda Govinda studied Abhidhamma and Pali.

Life and travels in India and Tibet before WWII
In April 1931 Govinda went to All-India Buddhist Conference in Darjeeling as the representative of the IBU, to propagate the "pure Buddhist teaching as preserved in Ceylon, in a country where it had degenerated into a system of demon worship and fantastic forms of belief." However, in nearby Sikkim he met the Tibetan Gelugpa meditation teacher Tomo Geshe Rimpoche alias Lama Ngawang Kalzang (1866–1936), who greatly impressed him and completely changed his views about Tibetan Buddhism. From then on he embraced Tibetan Buddhism, although he never abandoned his Theravada roots and stayed in contact with Nyanatiloka and later with Nyanaponika. Lama Ngawang Kalzang taught meditation to Govinda, who remained in contact with him until his death. During their 1947–1948 expeditions to Tibet, Govinda and Li Gotami met Ajo Repa Rinpoche, who, according to Govinda, initiated them into the Kagyüpa school of Tibetan Buddhism.

The scholar Donald Lopez questions whether the 'initiations' that Govinda received are to be understood in the traditional Tibetan way of the term, i.e., as an empowerment by a Lama to carry out Tantric rituals or meditations. When he first met Lama Ngawang Kalzang, Govinda spoke no Tibetan and his description of the initiation is vague. According to Lopez, no initiation into the Kagyu order or any other Tibetan order exists, and it is unclear what was the nature of the initiation ceremony and the teachings that Govinda and his wife received from Ajo Repa Rinpoche. Govinda himself wrote in Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism that he understood 'initiates' to mean 'individuals who, in virtue of their own sensitiveness, respond to the subtle vibrations of symbols which are presented to them either by tradition or intuition.' And in The Way of White Clouds, he wrote: "A real Guru's initiation is beyond the divisions of sects and creeds: it is the awakening to our own inner reality which, once glimpsed, determines our further course of development and our actions in life without the enforcement of outer rules." Govinda stayed on in India, teaching German and French at Rabindranath Tagore's Visva-Bharati University in Santinekan. He lost interest in the IBU, which caused it to collapse. In 1932 Govinda briefly visited Tibet from Sikkim (visiting Mount Kailash), and in 1933 from Ladakh. The summer months of 1932 and 1934 he and his stepmother, who had followed him to India, stayed at his hermitage at Variyagoda, where a German Buddhist nun, Uppalavaṇṇā (Else Buchholz), and a German monk, Vappo, were then also living. Uppalavaṇṇā acquired the property from Govinda in 1945 and stayed there until the 1970s. In a letter dated 1.9.1934 Govinda wrote that he had come to Sri Lanka accompanied by Rabindranath Tagore and had given a series of lectures on Tibetan Buddhism in various places in Sri Lanka, trying to raise support for the planned Buddhist university at Sarnath. The reception in Sri Lanka was poor and Govinda, who had run out of funds, was quite disappointed.

On orders of Tomo Geshe Rimpoche Govinda founded his order, The Buddhist Order Arya Maitreya Mandala, on 14.10.1933. Fourteen people were then ordained. Govinda received the name Anangavajra Khamsung Wangchuk. In 1934, in Calcutta, he had the first exhibition of his paintings. From 1935 to 1945 he was the general secretary of the International Buddhist University Association (IBUA), for which he held lectures on Buddhist philosophy, history, archeology, etc., at the Buddhist academy at Sarnath. In 1936 he got a teaching position at the University of Patna, from where he gave guest lectures at the universities of Allahabad, Lucknow and Benares. His lectures on Buddhist psychology at the University of Patna were published in 1939 as The Psychological Attitude of Early Buddhist Philosophy, and his lectures at Shantinekan as Psycho-Cosmic Symbolism of the Buddhist Stupa in 1940. In 1938, after two failed attempts and on recommendation of the prime minister of Uttar Pradesh, he managed to become a full British citizen. In 1947 he became a citizen of India. From 1937 to 1940 he lived with his stepmother in a house in Darjeeling.

World War II
Although Govinda was now a British citizen, he was nevertheless interned by the British during WWII due to his associations with "persons of anti-British sympathies," i.e. the Nehru family. First he was interned at Ahmednagar. Because he made no secret of being against Fascism, the Nazis in the prison camp bullied him, just as they did with other anti-fascists. This bullying compelled the British to open a special camp for anti-fascists at Dehra Dun, where he was transferred to in 1942. Nyanatiloka and other German Buddhist monks from Sri Lanka were also interned at Dehra Dun. In the camp Govinda stayed with the German monk Nyanaponika Thera, with whom he studied languages, and formed a close friendship that lasted till the end of his life.

Life in Kasar Devi after WWII and travels to Tibet
In 1947 he married the Parsi artist Li Gotami (original name Ratti Petit, 22 April 1906 - 18 August 1988) from Bombay, who, as a painter, had been his student at Santinekan in 1934. Govinda and Li Gotami wore Tibetan styles robes and were initiates in the Drugpa Kagyu lineage. The couple lived in a house rented from the writer Walter Evans-Wentz at Kasar Devi, near Almora in northern India. Kasar Devi, in hippie circles known as 'Crank's Ridge', was a bohemian colony home to artists, writers and spiritual seekers such as Earl Brewster, Alfred Sorensen and John Blofeld. Many spiritual seekers, including the Beat Poets Allen Ginsberg and Gary Snyder, the LSD Gurus Timothy Leary and Ralph Metzner, the psychiatrist R. D. Laing, and Tibetologist Robert Thurman came to visit Govinda at his ashram. The number of visitors became so great that the couple eventually put signs to keep unwanted visitors away.

From Kasar Devi, Govinda and Li Gotami undertook journeys to Tibet in the late 1940s, making a large number of paintings, drawings and photographs. These travels are described in Govinda's book The Way of the White Clouds. While on the expedition to Tsaparang and Tholing in Western Tibet in 1948–49, sponsored by the Illustrated Weekly of India, Govinda received initiations in the Nyingma and Sakyapa lineages. Pictures of the Tsaparang frescoes taken by Li Gotami, then, before the Cultural Revolution, still intact appear in Govinda's The Way of the White Clouds Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism and Tibet in Pictures (co-authored with Li Gotami). In The Way of the White Clouds Govinda writes that he was a reincarnation of the poet Novalis.

1960s and 1970s world tours
The German Hans-Ulrich Rieker, who was ordained in the Arya Maitreya Mandala Order in 1952, was ordered by Govinda to set up a Western wing of the Order. The founding took place simultaneously in Berlin by Rieker, and in Sanchi by Govinda, on 30.11.1952. In 1960 Govinda went to Europe as a representative of Tibetan Buddhism at an international religious conference in Venice. Subsequently, he went to England, Germany, Switzerland, Austria and the Netherlands. In 1965 he went on a lecturing tour through Germany, France, and Switzerland. In 1968-69 through the US and Japan. In 1972–73, and 1974-76 he went on world tours. In 1977 he last visited Germany.

On his journeys to the West Govinda made friends with the Swiss philosopher Jean Gebser, the Zen and Taoist teacher Alan Watts, the pioneer of transcendental psychotherapy Roberto Assagioli and the author Luise Rinser.

Later years
For health reasons Govinda finally settled in the San Francisco Bay area, where he and his wife were taken care of by Alan Watts and Suzuki Roshi's San Francisco Zen Centre. In San Francisco he established a branch of his order, called "Home of Dhyan". In 1980 he visited India for a last time and gave up his house in Almora. He remained mentally agile despite suffering from several strokes from 1975 onwards. During an evening discussion on 14.1.1985, he suddenly felt a sharp pain in his neck that traveled downwards. He lay down on his right side and died laughing.

His ashes were placed in the Nirvana-Stupa, which was erected in 1997 on the premises of Samten Choeling Monastery popularly known as Ghum Monastery in Darjeeling.

Writings
Govinda wrote several books on a wide variety of Buddhist topics. His most well known books are The Way of the White Clouds and Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism, which were translated in many languages. Some of his works such as Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism were written in German and were subsequently translated to English. His articles were published in many Buddhist journals such as the Maha Bodhi, and the German journal Der Kreis published by his Buddhist Order Arya Maitreya Mandala. Govinda considered The Inner Structure of the I Ching, the Book of Transformation as his most important book.

Works in English

 * Art and Meditation, (an introduction and 12 abstract paintings), Allahabad 1936.
 * The Psychological Attitude of Early Buddhist Philosophy, Allahabad 1937; New Delhi (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers), 1992: ISBN 81-208-0941-6, 1998 edition: ISBN 81-208-0952-1
 * Psycho-Cosmic Symbolism of the Buddhist Stupa, Emeryville 1976 ( Dharma Publishing): ISBN 0-913546-36-4. First shorter edition published as Some Aspects of Stupa Symbolism, Allahabad 1936.
 * Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism, London 1957, 1959, 1969 edition, ISBN 0-87728-064-9
 * The Way of the White Clouds, London 1966; Fourth reprint, 1972. 1988 edition: ISBN 0-87773-462-3, reprint: ISBN 0-87773-007-5, Hardcover: ISBN 1-58567-465-6, Paperback: ISBN 1-58567-785-X, Ebury: ISBN 0-7126-5543-3.
 * Tibet in Pictures: A Journey into the Past, coauthored with Li Gotami, 1979, 2004, Dharma Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89800-345-1
 * Drugs or Meditation? Consciousness Expansion and Disintegration versus Concentration and Spiritual Regeneration, Kandy 1973, Buddhist Publication Society, Bodhi Leaves Series No. 62.
 * Creative Meditation and Multi-Dimensional Consciousness, London 1976, Allen and Unwin.
 * Pictures of India and Tibet, Haldenwang and Santa Cruz 1978. (Perhaps identical with Tibet in Pictures: A Journey into the Past?)
 * The Inner Structure of the I Ching, the Book of Transformation, San Francisco 1981 (Wheelwright Press). Reprinted: Art Media Resources, ISBN 0-8348-0165-5
 * A Living Buddhism for the West, Boston 1990, (Shambhala), translated by Maurice Walshe, ISBN 0-87773-509-3

Compilations

 * Buddhist Reflections, New Delhi 1994, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-1169-0 (Collected essays.)
 * Insights of a Himalayan Pilgrim, Oakland 1991, Dharma Press. ISBN 0-89800-204-4. (Thirteen later essays on Buddhism, art, and the spirituality that appeared in American, British, German Buddhist magazines.)
 * The Lost Teachings of Lama Govinda: Living Wisdom from a Modern Tibetan Master, Wheaton, IL, 2008, Quest Books. Ed. Richard Power, Foreword by Lama Surya Das. ISBN 978-0-8356-0854-1 (Collection of essays and dialogues. Includes a comprehensive introduction to Govinda's life and work by R. Power.)

title: Anagarika Govinda


text:
Music of Yukon

With the Klondike Gold Rush, a number of folk songs from Yukon became popular, including "Rush to the Klondike" (1897, written by W. T. Diefenbaker), "The Klondike Gold Rush", "I've Got the Klondike Fever" (1898) and "La Chanson du Klondyke".

Yukon has a very active and live music scene, with a relatively large number of artists as well as a number of music festivals. Guitarist, vocalist and songwriter Jerry Alfred won the Juno Award for Best Aboriginal Recording in 1995, while Matthew Lien has topped the charts in Taiwan.

The major festivals include the Dawson City Music Festival, Frostbite Music Festival in Whitehorse, and the Atlin Arts & Music Festival held in Atlin, though located just outside Yukon, is mostly attended by Yukoners, since 2003. The Alsek Music Festival in Haines Junction was held for 16 years but has skipped 2009 and 2010.

title: Music of Yukon


text:
No Deals, Mr. Bond

No Deals, Mr. Bond, first published in 1987, was the sixth novel by John Gardner featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond. Carrying the Glidrose Publications copyright, it was first published in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape and in the United States by Putnam. It was the last Bond novel to be published in Britain by Jonathan Cape, ending an association dating back to the first Bond novel, Casino Royale in 1953.

No Deals, Mr. Bond has the minor distinction of being the first and, thus far, only non-novelisation James Bond novel to incorporate the agent's name into the title.

Plot summary
No Deals, Mr. Bond begins with a mission in the Baltic Sea dubbed "Seahawk", which involves James Bond stealthily extracting two women that have completed an assignment in East Germany.

After accomplishing his mission, the book continues five years later with Bond being called in by M to learn more background into what those women were doing there before being extracted. Their mission, dubbed Cream Cake, was a honey trap that involved getting close to top Soviet personnel as a means to not only spy for the British Secret Service, but to secure the defection of two high ranking Soviet officers, an act that the Soviets occasionally performed against countries of the West.

Involving four women and a man, the operation was considered a complete debacle that ended with the members being found out. After being extracted and given new identities, however, two of the women were discovered to have been gruesomely murdered - with their tongues cut out. Bond is subsequently sent by M, "off the record", to find the remaining members of Cream Cake before they suffer the same fate.

Bond goes to the first, Heather Dare, who owns a beauty salon in London. They are ambushed, but Bond manages to overpower the perpetrator. He and Dare escape, but soon receive the news that a third of the moles, Ebbie Heritage, Dare's friend, has also been murdered in Dublin.

When Bond and Dare make it to Dublin, Bond makes contact with a police officer, Murray, to get information about the murder. It turns out that Heritage lent his raincoat to another woman and that it is the other woman who was murdered.

In addition, Murray has learned that Maxim Smolin, the GRU man Dare was supposed to seduce, is now in Ireland and has managed to shake off the guard - and there are also rumors that someone even higher up in the Russian hierarchy is there. The presence of Smolin, who also worked for SMERSH, Bond's old enemy, makes Bond suspect that the entire Cream Cake operation has been exposed, right from the start.

On the way, Bond and Dare see Smolin and try to get away again, but are captured by Smolin. Bond tries to trick Smolin, who doesn't buy into it, and takes the pair to the GRU's castle, where Heritage is also located. Smolin begins a torture session, but when he is left alone with Bond, he reveals that he is actually a double agent. Also, he is helping Susanne Dietrich, a captain of HVA, who was in turn lured by Jungle Baisley, the only male agent of the operation.

He proves it to Bond, but is in turn ambushed by the other guards. Together, Bond and Smolin manage to defeat the guards, take Dare and Heritage with them and escape the castle, just as Smolin's superior, Kolya Chernov, arrives.

They take in their respective hotels: Bond and Heritage, respectively Smolin and Dare. In the middle of the night, Bond tries to contact Smolin, who, however, has checked out of the hotel. He tries to save Heritage, but she is gone. Soon after, Bond is captured by Chernov and must be returned to the castle. At the last second, however, he is rescued from Chernov's car by Murray.

Murray has been ordered to drive Bond out of the country and take him to a plane that will take him to Paris. Waiting in the plane is Heritage, who managed to hide when Chernov's men appeared.

Having managed to wiretap the castle, Bond has learned that the last mole, "Jungle" Baisley, is in Hong Kong with Susanne Dietrich. Additionally, in Paris, Bond is given extra equipment by MI6's Q department before Bond takes the Heritage to Hong Kong. Once there, Bond meets his contact Big Thumb Chang, who supplies him with weapons, and Swift, who planned the entire Cream Cake operation. Swift tells him that M has ordered Bond to capture Chernov.

Bond takes Heritage to the island of Cheung Chau, where Chernov and his men manage to capture them. Bond still wonders which of the moles or the others who know Cream Cake are the traitors, but Chernov won't let him find out. The Colonel uses Bond as prey on a hunting trip in the night. Bond manages to kill the pursuers and return to base where he discovers that Murray and Heather have worked to ensure that everyone, who has had anything to do with the Cream Cake, is handed over to SMERSH and eliminated. Bond kills Heather and Murray and forces Chernov to free Ebbie, Jungle, Susanne and Smolin.

Characters

 * James Bond
 * M
 * Ebbie Heritage: Her real name is Emilie Nikolas and she was a member of operation Cream Cake and was one of the two women that were extracted by Bond during Seahawk. Ebbie was tasked with meeting and seducing a Major in the East German Army.
 * Colonel Maxim Smolin: Born in 1946, Smolin, codenamed "Basilisk", was the prime target during the operation known as Cream Cake. At the time Smolin was the second in command of the HVA (the East German Intelligence Service). Smolin is also employed by the Soviet GRU. Unknown to the intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union, Smolin is a turncoat secretly working with the British Secret Service.
 * General Konstantin Nikolaevich Chernov: Codenamed "Blackfriar", Chernov (also known as Koyla Chernov) is the Chief Investigating Officer of Department Eight, Directorate S of the KGB, a section formerly known as Department V (see Icebreaker), and, before that, SMERSH. Chernov is systematically targeting the former members of Cream Cake as well as Colonel Maxim Smolin and Captain Dietrich who have since defected. Chernov is arrested by Bond in Hong Kong on M's orders.
 * Heather Dare: Her real name is Irma Wagen and she was a member of operation Cream Cake. Dare was tasked with meeting and seducing Colonel Maxim Smolin. Dare was also one of the two women that was extracted by Bond during Seahawk. She is later discovered to be an agent of the KGB and working for General Chernov. Under orders by M that the Cream Cake double be eliminated, Dare is essentially executed by Bond after being disarmed, an act Bond performs without remorse.
 * Inspector Norman Murray: an inspector for the Republic of Ireland's Special Branch. He lends aid to Bond (known to Murray as "Jacko B") while Bond is in the Republic of Ireland. Secretly, however, Murray is on Chernov's payroll and eventually turns on Bond. He is later killed in Hong Kong by Bond.

Publication history
Gardner states that he was opposed to this novel being given the title No Deals, Mr. Bond, a title he calls "dreadful" along with other titles suggested by his publishers including Oh No, Mr. Bond! and Bond Fights Back. Gardner originally suggested the title Tomorrow Always Comes.
 * UK first hardback edition: May 1987 Jonathan Cape
 * U.S. first hardback edition: April 1987 Putnam
 * UK first paperback edition: 1987 Coronet Books
 * U.S. first paperback edition: April 1988 Charter Books

title: No Deals, Mr. Bond


text:
Ontario Bank

Ontario Bank was an early bank operating in Ontario, Canada. It began operations in 1857 and was last listed as a member of the Canadian Bankers Association in 1901.

The bank was founded in Bowmanville, Ontario by John Simpson, a local resident and a former bank manager for the town's Bank of Montreal branch. Simpson later became one of Canada's first senators.

Simpson opened the bank's first branch in Bowmanville in 1857. In 1861 the impressive Toronto branch was built and by 1868 a limestone and brick head office building had been built in Bowmanville. In 1875, the head office was moved to Toronto.

The bank and its 30 branches across the province were absorbed into the Bank of Montreal in the fall of 1906, after its general manager Charles McGill was found to have been speculating in the U.S. stock markets with bank funds and sustained an estimated $1.25 million in losses from ill-timed short sales. McGill was convicted of filing false tax returns and sentenced to a five-year prison term early in 1907.

title: Ontario Bank


text:
Talk:Music of Yukon

{| width=100% cellspacing=10 style="background:none;" ! style="border:1px solid #bfd7ff; background-color:#e1edff; padding:0.2em 0.4em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left; "|This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Music of the Yukon article. (This is not a forum for general discussion) {| width=100% cellspacing=10 style="background:none;" ! style="border:1px solid #bfd7ff; background-color:#e1edff; padding:0.2em 0.4em; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; text-align:left;"|If you feel that you can have positive contributions to articles about  Canadian music, become a member of the Canadian music WikiProject. Simply join the list of members. If you don't know what to write or where to begin, or if you have doubts or ideas on how to improve any article about Canadian music, please address the project's discussion forum.

title: Talk:Music of Yukon


text: Category:Medical research institutes

title: Category:Medical research institutes


text:
User:Rauh

Pages I have contributed:

 * Third-person effect
 * Agenda-setting theory
 * Uncertainty reduction theory
 * Interactivity
 * Communication theory
 * Saudade

Pages I contributed a little:

 * Portuguese language
 * Nonverbal communication

Pages I'm interested:

 * Libertarian socialism
 * Single Transferable Vote
 * Communication basic topics
 * Communication
 * Category:Communication

Interesting Users

 * User:Fir0002 - Amazing photographs!

Candidates for comm-stub:

 * 1) Expressive aphasia
 * 2) Global aphasia
 * 3) Gricean maxims
 * 4) Homophily
 * 5) Hypodermic needle model
 * 6) Informational society
 * 7) Interactionism
 * 8) Internet romance
 * 9) Interpersonal relationship
 * 10) Interpersonal skills
 * 11) Kinesics
 * 12) Knowledge gap hypothesis
 * 13) Long term relationship
 * 14) Long-distance relationship
 * 15) Manual communication
 * 16) Mass society
 * 17) Maxwell McCombs
 * 18) Media audience studies
 * 19) Media ecosystem
 * 20) Media ethics
 * 21) Media responsibility
 * 22) Metanalysis
 * 23) Operant behavior
 * 24) Persuasion
 * 25) Public speaker
 * 26) Revolutionary propaganda
 * 27) Selective distortion
 * 28) Spiral of silence
 * 29) Symbolic communication
 * 30) Teleimmersion
 * 31) Two-step flow of communication
 * 32) Two-way communication
 * 33) Uses and gratifications

title: User:Rauh


text:
Wikipedia:School and university projects/Open Source Culture/Sony

SONY CORP. OF AMER. v. UNIVERSAL CITY STUDIOS, INC., 464 U.S. 417 (1984)

Also known as the Betamax case. Sony was sued by Universal Studios and Disney for manufacturing Betamax (a video tape recorder) on the theory that selling the Betamax machine infringed Universal's rights under the Copyright Act. The lower court found for Sony on the grounds that non-commercial home use was fair use, that the machine was a "staple article of commerce" and that it served first amendment public interest by allowing the public access to information. The appeals court reversed and held Sony liable for Contributory Infringement.

In this 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court held that Sony was not vicariously liable for copyright infringement if selling hardware that could be used to “make unauthorized copies of copyrighted material” if the item is substantially used for non-infringing activities. Time shifting was also found to be a fair use under the Copyright Law.


text:
User talk:WhizzyB

Yes, I would not mind seeing a copy of the email that you received. Jimbo Wales 04:40, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:WhizzyB


text:
Talk:Voyager 1

Tim Ferris ?!
Am a seldom-editor of wiki, on a phone rather than full web UI, so not sure I can do all that's needed on this. But it appears someone's trolled the Golden Record section: "... The record, made under the direction of a team including Carl Sagan and Timothy Ferris, includes photos of the Earth and its lifeforms...". Ferris' DOB is 1977, so he didn't participate in a design completed in '77. ArtDent (talk) 12:40, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Astrolabe150c introduced the vandalism in mid-January, was reverted by bot, and insisted the info was factual the next day. Astrolabe's acct was created, made these large inserts, and subsequently went silent dark within a span of a few days. ArtDent (talk) 13:11, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
 * You might have got confused between Timothy Ferris and Tim Ferriss. The Herald (Benison) (talk) 13:30, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

Recent incident
I am adding back the detailed information (three paragraphs, not that much) about the recent communication incident and its resolution. It was removed with the argument "doesn't sound like it needs a section of its own", but the event is currently at ITN on the Main Page and many readers are probably looking for more information about what happened than a single sentence. Chaotıċ Enby  (talk · contribs) 21:48, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

 * Thank you for that; it looks good from an editorial standpoint. If you’d be so willing keeping that info updated might also be valuable for the article. OverzealousAutocorrect (talk) 14:24, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

1957 man hole cover
Couldn't the 1957 nuclear test man hole cover possibly be further away from earth. 2600:1700:BE90:4660:4DC6:7FD3:B105:1D7F (talk) 21:39, 10 May 2024 (UTC)
 * See Operation_Plumbbob. "Scientists believe compression heating caused the cap to vaporize as it sped through the atmosphere."  Schazjmd   (talk)  21:53, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Voyager 1


text:
Laghouat Province

Laghouat (ولاية الأغواط) is one of the fifty-eight provinces (wilaya) of Algeria. It is located in the north central part of Algeria. The province borders Tiaret Province to the north, El Bayadh Province to the west, Ghardaia Province to the south and Djelfa Province to the east. The capital of the province is Laghouat City. The province is famous for palm trees and livestock.

The province is a large producer of natural gas, containing important drilling sites in the region of Hassi R'Mel. Large reserves of natural gas have allowed Algeria to occupy an important position in the global energy market.

With exports exceeding the barrier of 20 billion dollars annually and a contribution to the gross gross product of the State of Algeria by nearly 50 billion dollars., The province of Laghouat is among the most important states of Algeria contributing to the country's economy. Most of this income comes from hydrocarbons - gas in particular - in addition to power stations And the livestock sector with more than 3 million heads of sheep. The state of Laghouat is one of the states of the Central Steppe region, which is located in the heart of the state of Algeria in northern Sahara Africa.

Location and Nature
Located at an average altitude of 750 m above sea level, Laghouat Province is part of the Saharan Atlas Mountain range with some peaks rising above 2,000 m. For example, the Djebel Amour range reaches a top height of about 2,200 m.

Laghouat is nearly 400 km away from Algiers, the capital of Algeria.

The area's orchards, buildings and mosques span across a landscape of vast steppes, mountains, and pastures. The largest tributary in the area is the Chelif River and M'zi River, which originate from the Wadi Al-Tawil mountains.

The area is characterized by its pastoral, agricultural and mountainous character. It also contains an industrial region located at Hassi R'mel.

Terrain
The province of Laghouat is located between Hautes Plaines and the desert foothills of the Saharan Atlas mountain range. It is surrounded on the two sides by the Amour Range west of the province and the mountains of Ouled Nile to the east. The province is divided into three main geographical regions: the Saharan Atlas mountains, the Steppe Plains, and the Desert.

Saharan Atlas
The Saharan Atlas Mountain Range is located in the northwest of the province, to the north of the Djebel Amour mountains. The Saharan Atlas mountains reach heights between 1000 and 1700 meters above sea level. We can distinguish them into two sub-regions which include the High Highlands area in the north and a mountainous area in the south. The districts of Gueltet Sidi Saâd, Aflou District, Brida District, El Ghicha District and Oued Morra District are located in this region. The most important characteristic of this area is that it is the source of the most significant rivers in Algeria, including the Chelif River, the Wadi el-Taweel and the Wadi Djedi through its tributary the M'zi River. It is distinguished by the presence of the green dam forests that blend into the grassy Steppe region.

Steppe
These grassland plains are located in the center of the province and are between 700 and 1000 meters above sea level. It is known as a grazing area as it contains many steppe plants and herbs. This region includes most of the province's vegetation, not counting the green dam forests located in the mountainous region. The Steppe region includes the districts of Sidi Makhlouf, Laghouat District, and northern Ain Madhi.

Desert
The southern part of Laghouat province is a desert plateau. This area includes the Hassi R'Mel District, the southern part of the Ksar El Hirane District and Ain Madhi District. It is distinguished by low vegetation cover characterized by Peganum plants. There are some hills here that are distinguished by various trees including the Ziziphus spina-christi and Pistacia atlantica. Various herbs and flowers are abundant here in the springtime.

History
The province was created from the Oasis and Tiaret departments in 1974.

In 1984 Ghardaïa Province was carved out of the territory of Laghouat.

Administrative division
The province is divided into 10 districts (daïras), which are further divided into 24 communes or municipalities.

Districts

 * 1) Aflou
 * 2) Aïn Mahdi
 * 3) Brida
 * 4) El Ghicha
 * 5) Gueltet Sidi Saâd
 * 6) Hassi R'Mel
 * 7) Ksar El Hirane
 * 8) Laghouat
 * 9) Oued Morra
 * 10) Sidi Makhlouf

Communes

 * 1) Aflou
 * 2) Aïn Madhi
 * 3) Aïn Sidi Ali
 * 4) Beidha
 * 5) Brida
 * 6) El Assafia
 * 7) El Ghicha
 * 8) El Houaita
 * 9) Gueltat Sidi Saad
 * 10) Hadj Mechri
 * 11) Hassi Delaa
 * 12) Hassi R'Mel
 * 13) Kheneg
 * 14) Ksar El Hirane
 * 15) Laghouat
 * 16) Mekhareg (Benacer Ben Chohra)
 * 17) Oued Morra
 * 18) Oued M'Zi
 * 19) Sebgag
 * 20) Sidi Bouzid
 * 21) Sidi Makhlouf
 * 22) Tadjemout
 * 23) Tadjrouna
 * 24) Taouila

Transportation
Laghouat Province contains three main roadways:

 * The Trans-Saharan Road (N1): This international road links Algiers to Lagos, Nigeria in the south. It also connects the city of Laghouat with Djelfa in the north and Ghardaia in the south.
 * National Road No. (23): This road connects Laghouat to Tiaret and the western port city of Mostaganem.
 * National Road No. (47): Connects Aflou with El Bayadh and Aïn Séfra in the southwest.

The state has two airports, one of which is a local airport used mainly to transport pilgrims. The Laghouat Airport is officially called Moulay Ahmed Medeghri Airport and is named after the martyr Moulay Ahmed Madgari. The second airport, Hassi R'mel, is mainly used by the Sonatrach National Fuel Company to transport equipment, tires, experts, and contractors.

Energy
Laghouat Province is considered to be the second most important energy mandate in Algeria after Ouargla Province, because it contains one of the most important gas fields in Africa. This gas field is in the region of Hassi R'mel and contains many electricity production stations. These are located in the Telegmat region near Hassi R'mel and Kheneg. These areas also contain the largest solar PV plant in Algeria with a capacity of 60 MW.

CPV EKP solar power station
The CPV EKP solar power station is located 5 km from the municipality of Kheneg and 10 km from Laghouat in Algeria. The station sits on an area of 120 hectares and, on average, produces more than 300 MWh of electricity per day. It contains more than 240 thousand solar panels distributed over 5460 matrices, 2040 triple level junction boxes, 120 inverters, and 60 transformers. It is connected to a 60 kV high-voltage electricity transmission network by the lifting station, which contains 3 transformers with a capacity of 20 MVA each.

Livestock raising
Livestock in Laghouat province number around 4,000,000 cattle, sheep and goats. Sheep rank first in population with over 3 million heads, followed by goats, cows, camels, and horses (including mules and donkeys).

Tourism
The province's most popular tourist area is the district of Kef El Melh (the mountain of salt). It is located in the municipality of Tadjrouna near the border with El Bayadh Province. The largest tourist hotspot in the district is the Kordan Palace, or Crown Angle. Other tourist areas and natural sights include the Al-Ghaisheh, Taouila, Lalmaya, Ein Sefsifah, and Al-Huwaita. Laghouat is home to the Talemzane crater, or Madna Crater, a depression resulting from the impact of an ancient meteorite. It is the second largest crater in the world (based on depression circumference) and is found in the municipality of Hassi Delaa in the south.

title: Laghouat Province


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The toilet

The toilet
This is clearly BJAODN material. -- [[User:Bobdoe|Bobdoe (Talk)]] 04:42, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Let's put the D in BJAODN (to which I added this page). [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 05:09, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, yes. We see you.   Delete it.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 07:14, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh heck yeah, delete. I'm desperately trying to avoid the many obvious puns, but would this floater (damn!) be a speedy candidate or what? Fire Star 07:51, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. utcursch 09:02, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Move it to BJAODN . Keep this vote procedure for 7 days. Get a consensus of 51% and decide only if the participation in this voting procedure exceeds 2% of participation, as a percentage of the total wikipedia justified-certified population.Iasson 09:18, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. but a copy at BJAODN would be nice. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 12:01, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It's not a good joke. People "want the toilet?"  Huh?  User:Invisible is getting too much bran.  Besides, VfD is the toilet, and this article is in the water, going down. Geogre 15:02, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete prank by another sockpuppet. Rossami (talk) 16:40, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Flush it Wyss 22:15, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Quasi-funny, but could have been better. EventHorizon 03:46, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and redirect to The facist cabal that keeps making all these damned sockpuppets. Alphax (talk) 05:12, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete although it did make me smile. P Ingerson 12:09, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete and redirect to Urinal or Toilet Alkivar 22:20, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Hook turn

A hook turn (Australian English) or two-stage turn (British English), also known as a Copenhagen Left (in reference to cyclists specifically), is a road cycling manoeuvre or a motor vehicle traffic-control mechanism in which vehicles that would normally turn from the innermost lane of an intersection instead turn from the outermost lane, across all other lanes of traffic.

Hook turns are commonly used by cyclists as a safer alternative to merging with motor vehicles, or having to cross multiple lanes of traffic to reach a turning lane.

The legal use of hook turns by motor vehicles is relatively rare, but has been implemented in some jurisdictions (notably Melbourne, Australia) to keep the centre of a road free from congestion for use by light rail transit such as trams or other dedicated road services.

History
Hook turns were originally the standard right turn in Australia. Various jurisdictions phased them out at different times. Sydney and Newcastle changed to centre turns in 1939. South Australia discontinued the hook turn on 30 November 1950. Victoria changed to centre turns in 1954 for all right turns except at some intersections in the Melbourne CBD, where hook turns were retained to maintain a clearway in the centre of the road for the city's trams. Requiring vehicles to turn from the far lane, rather than the middle of the road, avoided conflicts between vehicles and trams without the need for extra traffic lanes or altered signals.

Method
To perform a two-stage turn, cyclists should enter the junction when given a green signal (simultaneous with motor traffic, though nearside turning traffic may be held at a red light). The farside-turning cyclist should pull into the nearside in front of the pedestrian crossing (in a marked waiting area, if available). When the side road is given a green signal, cyclists should proceed first by going straight ahead, completing their turn.

Usage by country
Hook turns have been implemented in a number of jurisdictions, including Australia, China, Denmark, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and the United States.

Australia

The Australian Road Rules set out the procedure for performing a hook turn in Australia, as well as other jurisdictions with left-hand traffic. In jurisdictions with right-hand traffic the lane of the turning vehicle is reversed.

 * 1) When the traffic light is green, the turning vehicle approaches and enters the intersection from as near as possible to the left. If there is insufficient room then it must wait for the next cycle of the lights.
 * 2) The vehicle moves forward, keeping clear of any marked foot crossing, until it is as near as possible to the left-most lane of the road the vehicle is entering.
 * 3) The vehicle remains at this position until the traffic lights on the road it is entering change to green.
 * 4) The vehicle then turns right into the road and continues straight ahead.

In many jurisdictions, lightweight vehicles, such as bicycles and mopeds, may make hook turns at any intersection regardless of signage. For instance, under the Australian Road Rules cyclists may legally perform a hook turn at any intersection unless otherwise signed.

Canada
Toronto and Montreal have bicycle facilities that allow cyclists to perform perimeter-style turns, as such turns are known in Canada.

Denmark
In Denmark, a hook turn is mandatory for cyclists.

United Kingdom
Two-stage turn arrangements enable cyclists to turn right (across oncoming traffic) without needing to move to the centre of the carriageway. A two-stage turn is considered acceptable in LTN 1/20, England and Northern Ireland's cycle infrastructure design guide, and in Scotland's Cycling by Design guidance.

A blue (informatory) sign can be placed to advise cyclists a two-stage turn is possible, and appropriate markings in front of the nearside approach lane. Furthermore, with authorisation by national governments, signs can be added to traffic lights to ban right turns for cyclists, unless completed in two stages.

Benefits
There have been limited proposals for hook turns to be implemented as a more widespread replacement for conventional intersection turns. Computer modelling has indicated that hook turns have the potential to significantly reduce delays and congestion in most situations, especially where overall traffic flow is high.

On average, a tram will save 11 to 16 seconds when going through an intersection that uses hook turns.

Limitations
Two-stage turns are often considered less preferable for cyclist safety than protected junctions, as there is more cyclist-pedestrian conflict.

title: Hook turn


text:
Cheech and Chong's Next Movie

Cheech and Chong's Next Movie is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Tommy Chong and the second feature-length project by Cheech & Chong, following Up in Smoke, released by Universal Pictures.

Plot
Cheech & Chong are on a mission to siphon gasoline for their next door neighbor's car, which they apparently "borrowed," and continue with their day; Cheech goes to work at a movie studio and Chong searches for something to smoke (a roach), followed by him revving up an indoor motorcycle and playing extremely loud rock music with an electric guitar that disturbs the entire neighborhood. Cheech gets fired from his job for taking one of the studio vans home without permission and they go to see Donna, a welfare officer and Cheech's off and on girlfriend. Cheech successfully seduces Donna, under her objections, and gets her in trouble (and possibly fired) with her boss. The doped-up duo are expelled from the building and, in an attempt to find alternative means of income, start writing songs like, "Mexican Americans" and "Beaners."

Cheech answers the phone call from Donna, sets up a date, and goes to tell Chong to get lost so he can clean the house and get ready for Donna. The phone rings again with Cheech thinking it's Donna and turns out to be Red, Cheech's "kinda" cousin, with money problems and a plea for help. Cheech asks Chong to pick up his cousin and hang out with him as Cheech informs him they have similar interests like "go to clubs," "get plenty of chicks," and "likes to get high." Chong heads off to the hotel where Red is staying and arrives to find him in a dispute with the receptionist over how much the room is costing ("$37.50 a week, not a goddamned day!"). The receptionist is holding his luggage, consisting of a boom-box, a suitcase, and a 20-pound canvas bag full of high-grade marijuana hostage, and Red can't afford the bill. They break into the room around the back and Red retrieves his luggage and the receptionist is falsely arrested after calling the cops to arrest Chong and Red but accidentally assaults them and is taken away to jail.

Later, on the corner, a roller-skater invites them to a "party," which is in fact a brothel. They are kicked out of the place for causing too much commotion, sharing weed with the girls, and urinating in the Jacuzzi. They then play a recording from Red's boombox that Red recorded earlier when the police arrived at the hotel he was staying at over the dispute with his luggage, which scares everyone off. One of the girls from the brothel accompanies them and they all go onto Sunset Boulevard in search of adventure and more highness. After visiting the house of a girl's parents, whom they found at a music store on Ventura Boulevard, they all get into the parents' Rolls-Royce, light up a spliff, and drive to a stand-up comedy club where they tell jokes and encounter the angry hotel receptionist who was falsely arrested earlier that day and begin a commotion with him and a large female bouncer leading to a rally fight. Later that night, they are chased by the cops as they check out Red's weed fields out in the countryside. They set off fireworks and are suddenly abducted by a UFO along with several of the cannabis plants. Cheech meanwhile gets so pumped and excited about the date that he wears himself out and ends up sleeping through it, while dreaming about what might have happened. He wakes up in the morning to find Chong (who was abducted by aliens alongside Red) bursting in, dressed as what appears to be a cross between Genghis Khan and a Viking, holding a jar of "space coke", which Chong says, "It'll blow your head off." The "space coke" causes Cheech to go berserk and starts trashing their next door neighbor's house with a surprised Chong following after. The film ends with the duo bursting through their neighbor's roof into outer space, achieving the ultimate high and Chong dropping the "space coke" back to Earth for others to try which leads to an animated sequence with Cheech and Chong ascending into a blunt which then takes off displaying the caption "That's It Man!"

Cast

 * Cheech Marin as Cheech / Dwayne 'Red' Mendoza
 * Tommy Chong as Chong
 * Evelyn Guerrero as Donna
 * Paul Reubens as Desk Clerk / Pee-Wee Herman
 * Betty Kennedy as Candy
 * Sy Kramer as Mr. Neatnik
 * Rikki Marin as Gloria
 * Edie McClurg as Gloria's Mother
 * Bob McClurg as Charlie "Chicken Charlie"
 * John Paragon as Director
 * Jake Steinfeld as Wamba
 * Cassandra Peterson and Rita Wilson as Hostages
 * Michael Winslow as Welfare Comedian
 * John Steadman as Welfare Drunk
 * Faith Minton as Lady Bouncer
 * Ben Powers as Welfare Black
 * Carl Weintraub as Hotel Cop
 * Lupe M. Ontiveros as Old Lady

Television edit
The television edit of the film, in addition to being edited for content such as the removal of all sequences in which characters are seen smoking cannabis, contained many extended and additional scenes, and alternate dialogue, as well as a different music score.

The opening credits animated sequence was different from the theatrical cut, showing Cheech and Chong stealing their neighbor's car, which runs out of gas. It also features a theme song which didn't appear in the theatrical cut which removes Nick McLean’s co-credit as director of photography and replaces the theatrical’s “written by” credit for Cheech & Chong with a “screenplay by” credit (for Cheech & Chong) and adds a “story by” credit for Cheech & Chong and Francesca Turner. After the opening credits, there is a scene which did not appear in the theatrical cut establishing that extraterrestrials have come to Earth looking for diamonds, "the principal source of energy" on the planet Asp (the shot of the flying saucer, whick looks different from all other exterior shots of it, flying toward the camera and the following shot of it nearing Earth’s atmosphere is footage lifted from The Thing, also a Universal movie). The usual “edited for television” caption is shown, adding that it has also been reconstructed as well. After Cheech and Chong siphon gas for their neighbor's car, insert shots underneath the hood are seen, showing the gas leaking and then igniting into flames, rather than the explosion being caused by Chong lighting a match inside the car. Cheech and Chong are said to be running a teen center and playground, which is referenced throughout the television edit, and a sign for it is shown repeatedly as part of the filler material shot for this version. Cheech and Chong's neighbor is shown to have a job as a piano teacher, and a lesson he is giving to a neighborhood teenager is interrupted by Chong's guitar playing. After the prop slot machine Cheech stole from a movie set falls on the neighbor, and they lift it off him, he threatens to sue them, claiming that the prop injured his hands, which would prevent him from playing the piano as part of his job, but offers to call off the lawsuit if Cheech and Chong let him have the rare costumes Cheech stole from the movie studio. Instead of teaching Chong the phrase "hey, pendejo", the line is redubbed as "hey, paisano". After Cheech sends Chong to pick up Red at the hotel so Cheech can spend the evening with Donna, there is an additional scene of Cheech cleaning the house, and Chong attempts to steal the neighbor's car again while he is working on it, but decides to hitchhike instead when he realizes that the neighbor was underneath the car. While cleaning, Cheech is interrupted by Jehovah's witnesses, and slams the door in their face.

When he's calling the police, the hotel receptionist's line "Look, I think they're Iranians!" was redubbed as "Look, I think they're communists!" The extraterrestrials are then shown to be following Red in the hopes that he will lead them to "the diamond field"; after Red's duffel bag is retrieved, a different cutaway shot is shown depicting the inside of the bag as containing diamonds, not cannabis buds. Before the music store scene, there is an additional shot of a spaceship and an additional scene featuring a street musician. The music store scene is also extended, showing more of Red playing guitar and throwing guitars to the other customers. The scene where they get into Gloria’s car still shows the store owner follow them out, complaining about the damage they caused, omitting the part where Red and Chong give the store owner armfuls of marijuana to compensate for the damage. The omission is covered by another close up of Gloria, yet the owner is still shown standing at the curb holding the marijuana as they drive off, and omits the police’s arrival and subsequent arrest of the owner. After it is revealed that "Chicken Charlie" is the father of Gloria, the woman Red, Chong and the prostitute hitched a ride with, when the prostitute recognizes him, there is an additional scene where the group has a dinner and uncomfortable conversation before they move into the living room, where Gloria sings the Jimmy Reed song "Baby What You Want Me to Do". In the living room, instead of performing the dirty magic trick, Red instead suggests that they drive to The Comedy House. This edit removed Charlie's wife smoking cannabis in the car. When Red performs the Mexico joke at The Comedy House, the line "donkey's balls" is redubbed as "donkey's tail". When Chong gets on the stage, the sequence in which he repeats Red's magic trick of turning a glass "into a dick" is removed, and there is an alternate scene in which Chong hits the large female wrestler on the head to no effect; she does not break the glass.

When Red and Chong are abducted by the extraterrestrials, additional dialogue is dubbed in, and there is an additional scene with Red and Chong on the space ship, where the extraterrestrials tell Red and Chong that they will teach them to "fly like Peter Pan" in order to retrieve diamonds for them. When Chong is back on Earth talking to Cheech at the end, the dialogue is completely redubbed, removing the references to "space coke", and instead having Chong telling Cheech that the extraterrestrials taught him how to fly; we are still inexplicably shown the footage of Cheech rampaging through the wall of their house and the neighbor’s, Chong still following him carrying the beaker of space coke and the shot of Cheech blasting them through the roof (despite not being taught to fly yet). In the theatrical cut, this was a result of Cheech trying the space coke and the effect it had on him, but with the removal of the space coke references, this makes no sense. The edit ends with an extended animated sequence in which Cheech and Chong fly into space to join Red on the spaceship and an extraterrestrial superhero plays guitar before turning into a dragon, and the Cheech and Chong Teen Center and Playground sign is shown one final time before the credits roll, as we hear Red laughing and asking, "ya get it?"

Home media
A novelization was released in 1980.

The film was released on Blu-ray in 2017, containing the theatrical cut, trailer, radio spots and an interview with Cheech Marin. It did not include the television cut of the film or any deleted scenes.

Critical reception
Roger Ebert's review was negative, writing: "This movie is embarrassing. There's no invention in it, no imagination, no new comic vision, no ideas about what might be really funny -- instead of just dope-funny, something to laugh at if you're in the bag anyway." Gene Siskel gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote that it was "much better" than Up in Smoke, "which isn't saying that much. It's just that its jokes come a little quicker and a few of them are funny even to the chemically unaltered viewer." Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote that the film was "casual, slapdash and rude, and it's frequently hilarious in the way of some intense but harmless confrontation between eccentrics on a street corner." Variety called the film "a laborious disappointment in which the freshness has vanished and the laughs come few and far between."

title: Cheech and Chong's Next Movie


text:
Talk:Malaysian ringgit

Problem
There is a problem. If you scroll down, you will see a some black boxes in the tables . What has happened here? 49.178.123.9 (talk) 01:41, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Same problem at version 992003726 which was a year ago, so it's not some editing mistake. Sorry, I'm not good enough to trouble shoot, someone will find it. -  FlightTime  ( open channel ) 01:49, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

 * I also cannot figure it out.49.178.123.20 (talk) 03:10, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * It's been customary to make the background of image cells black or white to give better contrast to the images. However, since this article's tables have no images (some have external links to images), it doesn't make much sense to have that sort of contrast.  I've removed the coloring for now, but we can always re-add it if images are added. -  ZLEA  T \ C 17:13, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you. -  FlightTime  ( open channel ) 17:48, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm amazed that no one has taken photos of ringgit notes.49.178.123.20 (talk) 04:19, 27 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Not all banknotes can be legally scanned. According to c:COM:CUR Malaysia, "You are not allowed to reproduce the Malaysian currency. It is also illegal for you to use any photograph, drawing or design of any note, coin or any part of the note or coin, of any size, scale or colour, in any advertising or on any merchandise or products, which are manufactured, sold, circulated or distributed except with the permission of BNM". -  ZLEA  T \ C 15:55, 27 December 2021 (UTC)

request to remove line, currency designer
There is a note for verification needed of an unreliable source that appears to have been present a long time:

All coins have the initials GC on the reverse, below the Parliament House. It stands for Geoffrey Colley, Malaysia first coin series' designer.

I can't find any support besides the unverifiable blog post, and even the blog post does not fully support the statement here without qualifiers. I would like to remove it.

Nurtam85 (talk) 20:06, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

S. B bzgZvgsgshd can bx xmxniacn x xnxhxh
Hxtxfzbnz. Vxvzbzvzv bznbzbzbsnsmmxnz'''gnsmouuufvfdgxbxn.. ''' 2603:6080:9405:3E6:853F:801B:21BE:C401 (talk) 23:04, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Malaysian ringgit


text:
User talk:Kaalreth

King Kaalreth
King Kaalreth was born in the year of 2400 Erudin First Age. He came to power in the year 2444 at the throne in the city of Ilmatar-edel. His reign was productive for his people in many regards, opening free trade with the Varythn of the East, traveling the world mapping out its entirety and establishing many astronomical observatories. His greatest acheivement was the inception of the deep space observation satellites and interstellar travel.

When his reign ended in 2519 by his death and the succession of his son, he had established the great planetarium called t-lu AhnaOremu or The Star-Seer. This was the culmination of his reign in that it contained the data of the 130 star systems he visited in his life time. It was the most extensive source of stellar information ever stored by the Erudin. His son Kaalreth II continued his father's legacy.

The Great War of Waeth-edel
The Great War of Waeth-edel was the war waged by the Zhekaron house of Erudin who lived in the dimanor rolothn or Timeless Mountains against the Ilmataron. They waged war upon Ilmatar-edel in the year of 2475 destroying parts of the Great City and taking command of the Western road that led to Waeth-edel. Kaalreth's armies marched west, head-long into the ranks of the enemy and fought them back in a grueling and bloody war that lasted 7 days.

By dawn of the 7th day, the Zhekaron force, which started 25,000 strong retreated with 14 men remaining. The armies of Kaalreth, which was 10,000 strong won a minor victory, returning home with only 300 men. Upon returning home he quickly set up the city restoration and called upon the inactive reserves to come to the aid of defense, if another war was started.

Another war with the Zhekaron was never seen under the reign of Kaalreth, or his son Kaalreth II. But the Ilmataron knew that another war was imminent.

title: User talk:Kaalreth


text: User talk:64.252.66.177

title: User talk:64.252.66.177