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User talk:Untifler/Archive 2004

This is an archive.

2003-2004
I changed Qazan back to Kazan since the page is about Russia. You can, of course, give native spelling on Tatarstan page, but since this republic is a part of Russia, Russian spelling must be given as well. Let me know if you have questions, please. --Ezhiki 13:46, Apr 30, 2004 (UTC)

On Counties of Tatarstan
While county is a good analogy for a район, the word district is being used across all articles on subdivisions of Russia. This was a reason for making the Counties of Tatarstan into a redirect. Please let me know if you have any concerns regarding changing it back into a redirect.

Making two separate articles for the districts' names (one for Russian version and another one for Tatar) is a great idea. Thank you. --Ezhiki 16:48, May 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * Человече, ответь по-русски! --Untifler 12:34, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Здравствуйте, Untifler! Спасибо за информацию по статусу официальных языков Татарстана - мне было неизвестно, что татарский является основным, а русский - вторым. Насколько я понял, этот комментарий был вызван перестановкой мною на странице Татарстана названий страны (на русском и татарском) в скобках после названия на английском.  Я только не знаю, менять их теперь обратно или нет по следующей причине - на страницах статей по другим республикам/автономным округам и т.п. в скобках дан сначала русский вариант, затем вариант на другом официальном языке субъекта (если такой есть, конечно).  Если поставить наоборот только на странице Татарстана, получится некрасиво, но, с другой стороны, обижать тоже никого не хотелось бы.  В общем, комментарии будут very welcome. Вам изнутри всяко виднее как правильнее. Спасибо за внимание.--Ezhiki 14:08, Jun 11, 2004 (UTC)

Здравствуйте, Ezhiki!

Посоветовать ничем не могу: статус местного языка во всех регионах разный. Татарстан боролся за это несколко десятилетий. а вот, скажем, Карелия, не может определиться с государственными языками до сих пор.

Исходя з советских коституций республик, они все являются независимыми государствами рабочих и крестьян и тд... гос язык: местный и русский (шаблон был единый). Однако есть случаи когда указать все названия невозможно: например, Дагестан.

Довайте определённости ради логоворимся, что национальные языки будут первыми.

--Untifler 15:04, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Мне лично, в общем-то, довольно всё равно, будут ли национальные языки поставлены первыми или после русского (главное, чтобы везде одинаково). Вот только по конституции РФ основным государственным языком является русский, а уже субъекты Федерации имеют право определять другие официальные языки, принятые на территории данного субъекта.  А поскольку конституция РФ имеет преимущество перед любым другим законодательным документом регионов, то, соответственно, при противоречиях между конституцией РФ и законодательствами субъектов Федерации конституция РФ имеет приоритет.
 * Но это так, заметка на полях :) Мне лично, повторюсь, главное, чтобы в статьях о субъектах Федерации соблюдалась consistency (однородность?).  Если есть комментарии - пишите, обсосём :)--Ezhiki 15:48, Jun 17, 2004 (UTC)

== Национальные названия народов России == Здравствуйте, Untifler!

Слова, обозначающие понятия из языков народов России, наверное лучше транслитерировать в зависимости от контекста: если контекст русский, то транслитерация должна быть с русского варианта написания слова, если же, например, контекст казахский, то транслитерация должна быть с казахского варианта и с использованием правил транслитерации казахского на английский (если таковые правила существуют). Ну и, разумеется, ссылка на термин никогда не помешает.

Насчёт транслитерации языков, использующих кириллицу (кроме русского), к сожалению ничего сказать не могу. Ну не знаю я столько языков.  В каждом языке наверняка есть свои маленькие закавыки, которые, не зная языка и ориентируясь только на кириллицу, можно транслитерировать так, что потом сильно побьют :)

Что касается транслитерации русского языка - вот в этой статье можно найти очень удобную табличку. Составлена она с учётом наиболее распространённых вариантов транслитерации, а также с учётом уже сложившейся в Википедии практики транслитерации географических названий. Ею же я пользуюсь при написании статей, упоминающих мелкие географические объекты, для которых в английском нет распространённых вариантов написания (названия сёл, деревень, сельсоветов и т.п.).

Некоторые пункты в табличке могут показаться спорными. Это не проблема - давайте спорить :)  Мне самому не всё ещё в ней нравится.

В общем, если будете писать статьи о транслитерации других языков, использующих кириллицу - то пишите, дело очень нужное. Я чем смогу помогу, но особо на меня в этом плане можно не рассчитывать - я вообще ни одного другого кириллического языка кроме русского (ну и, может быть немного украинского) не знаю. Это лучше кооперироваться с теми, у кого эти языки родные (или хотя бы на разговорном уровне). В любом случае всегда лучше иметь хоть какие-то стандарты, чем когда все статьи пишутся кто в лес, кто в интернет :). Стандарты всегда можно поправить, главное, чтобы они были.--Ezhiki 15:44, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)

Ага.
А для названия мелких городов и деревень национальных республик эти правила не подходят. Так исторически сложилось, что марийскому, как языку финской группы, ближе основы финского языка, т.е.

Йошкар-Ола - Joškar-Ola (Yoshkar-Ola ).

Теперь - как писать имена? Вот уж тут права татар писать свои имена как в татарском я не упущу ;)
 * Нет, на права я посягать не собираюсь, дело святое :) Предлагается вариант следующий: как уже упоминалось, законы Российской Федерации имеют преимущество перед законами субъектов Федерации.  Согласно Конституции РФ, государственным языком РФ является русский, но субъекты Федерации имеют право устанавливать другой официальный язык на территории субъекта при условии, что его статус будет равен статусу русского языка.  Отсюда следует, что у любого географического объекта России может быть название на отличном от русского языке, принятом в качестве официального на территории того субъекта, на котором данный географический объект расположен.  Не исключено, что это название может быть гораздо распространённее и узнаваемее нежели название на русском языке.
 * С точки зрения Википедии разумнее использовать наиболее известное название географического объекта в качестве заголовка статьи, перечислить названия на других языках в тексте статьи (с транслитерацией, если нужно), а также сделать редиректы на основную статью. Поскольку Википедия английская, должны использоваться правила транслитерации на английский, т.е., например, вместо ш должно быть sh, но ни в коем случае не š.  Откуда следует, что татарский язык тоже может быть необходимо транслитерировать (по крайней мере те буквы, которые отсутствуют в английском алфавите).
 * Если же названия равноценны, или если русское название более распространено, то тогда в качестве основного даётся именно русское название (и опять же, другие названия перечисляются в тексте и с них создаются редиректы).
 * Третий случай - когда в английском распространено своё название (например, город Москва будет Moscow, а не Moskva).  Тогда надо использовать именно это название.  Причина всё та же - википедия английская, поэтому ориентироваться надо на английский язык.
 * Ну и под конец - все эти выкладки не имеют никакого отношения к русской/татарской/другой национальной версии Википедии. Те версии рассчитаны совсем на другую аудиторию.  В татарской версии, например, не имеет никакого смысла настаивать на том, чтобы русский вариант был предпочтительнее татарского, также как бессмысленно настаивать на том, чтобы в русской википедии статья про Набережные Челны располагалась под татарским названием.  (Упомянуть другие варианты конечно же надо).
 * Комментарии welcome. Что я хотел донести - во-первых, любой субъект Федерации, будучи рассмотрен с глобальной точки зрения, является прежде всего частью Российской Федерации, поэтому и ориентироваться надо на позиции "сверху" (т.е. на конституционные нормы).   Во-вто&;;;#1088;ых, очень важно не путать иностранные названия объектов, их названия на русском/национальном языках, и их транслитерированные названия.  Зачастую все эти варианты очень похожи, что вносит немалую путаницу. В-третьих, вся это вода, которую я тут растёк, относится к географическим названиям.  Своё личное имя каждый пишет как хочет, и никто не вправе обижать человека отказом принимать любой вариант написания его имени.--Ezhiki 16:25, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)

== Одна из главных ошибок всех россиян ==

Дело в том, что англичане свой алфавит понимают как латинкий в первую очередь, а не как собственно английский. а отсюда правило - все другие языки, которые используют латинскитй алфавит со всякими "прибамбасами", то и эти прибамбасы - тоже часть латинкого алфавита. И для английского соответственно и они родные. Можете глянуть страничку Latvia, Estonia и другие. Все местные названия приравнены к английскому. Есть конечно и транслитерация этих знаков. Например немецкий: führer -> fuehrer. Для татарского тоже есть эти правила. (но это связано с неспособностью английской вики шарить в турецких буквах. Поэтому например, так: Mintimer Şäymiev -> Mintimer Shaemiev

--Untifler 19:07, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Дело на самом деле не только в неспособности поиска текста с буквами, отсутствующими в основном алфавите. Транслитерация нужна ещё и потому, что человек, у которого английский родной, просто не сможет в строке поиска написать Şäymiev — либо раскладка клавиатуры не позволит (а менять или разбираться с раскладками ради одного поиска будет далеко не каждый), либо (что более вероятно) он не будет знать, какую закорючку поставить у S и a (если слово набирается на слух или по памяти), либо и то и другое вместе.  Поэтому в строке поиска такой человек наберёт слово так, как он его слышит (транскрипция), или так, как он думает оно пишется с использованием только основных букв алфавита (транслитерация) — а уже наша задача заключается в том, чтобы с этих вариантов редирект был на основную статью (с родным, правильным написанием, если алфавит латинский расширенный).  То, что в статьях про Латвию, Польше и т.п. нет транслитерации спец. символов в качестве пояснения нет ничего достойного подражанию.  Хотя в тексте статьи это проблем почти не создаёт, при необходимости найти термин или понять, как читается слово, будет очень сложно.
 * Слова, заимствованные в английский язык с сохранением диакретических символов (café, façade), это всё-таки исключение, а не правило. К тому же слова эти достаточно известны и распространены, чтобы не создавать проблем с пониманием и написанием.
 * Подводя итог, хотелось бы убедиться, что вы понимаете разницу между использованием слова в тексте статьи и в качестве заголовка.
 * Для заголовка: если алфавит латинский расширенный, используется вариант слова на языке оригинала, e.g., Şäymiev. Если алфавит кириллический,используется либо транслитерированное слово (e.g., Mount Vysokaya), либо вариант, принятый и распространённый в английском языке (e.g., Moscow).
 * Для текста статьи: если алфавит латинский расширенный, этот вариант слова используется в качестве основного (e.g., Şäymiev), но обязательно должна быть дана транслитерация (и, если необходимо, транскрипция) (Shaemiev).  Если алфавит кириллический, в качестве основного слова используется транслитерированная версия (e.g., Vysokaya), но обязательно должен быть упомянут вариант на языке оригинала (e.g., Высо́кая), либо ,опять-таки, используется принятая в английском языке версия (e.g., Moscow).
 * Так пойдёт?--Ezhiki 19:46, Jun 25, 2004 (UTC)

Не могу не согласиться.

--Untifler 20:31, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Википиада

 * 1) Кстати, не могу не переживать за слишком малый размер русской вики - это в рунете-то, где каждый готов совершенно задаром выложить на домашней странички тайны секретного ракетного оружия, чтобы американский студенты могли рефераты делать :) - есть предл&#1086;жение. Надо бы провести Википиады - соревнования по переводу на русский с английского или по набору статей - кто лучше, кто качественее... Народ заманивать рассылками... Вот только что станет призом? Статус администратора? И т.д.
 * 2) Есть какой-нибудь способ загружать текстовые страницы с Юникодовыми названиями непосредственно в Вику? (без формы Edit)
 * 3) Как можно забронировать места в вике под энциклопедии на языках народов России (хотя бы чувашский, марийский, чеченский - татарский и башкирский, а также - Allah birsä - абхазский уже есть).

--Untifler 20:45, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)

--Ezhiki 14:29, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Я не очень уверен, что надо народ "заманивать". Можно, конечно, учредить призы, но тогда народ ломанётся именно за ними, и качество принесённой информации будет скорее всего так себе.  А уж если их всех админами делать, то разгребать фигню потом придётся очень долго.  К тому же админ в Википедии - это, скорее, обязанности, нежели привилегии.  Хотя может быть всё не так и грустно - если грамотно продвигать, то можно получить много сто́ящего народу.
 * 2) Без формы Edit, по-видимому, загружать информацию могут только девелоперы (которых по пальцам пересчитать). Остальные пишут ботов - с ними массовую загрузку проводить не то чтоб уж очень радостно, но всё-таки веселее, чем вручную.
 * 3) Как начать энциклопедию на новом языке можно найти тут.
 * 4) Не в тему - я поменял на страничке Башкортостана "capital" обратно на "administrative center". Столица в России, какая бы дрянная она ни была, всё-таки одна - Москва.  Всё остальное - административные центры разной степени важности.  "Столица" - это разговорный вариант.  В энциклопедии вещи надо всё-таки называть правильными именами.
 * 5) И про Salawat. Почему через "w", а не "v"?  Я не стал менять обратно, потому что правильный вариант наверняка не знаю.  "V" я использовал в соответствии с правилами транслитерации.

À ó àìåðèêàíñêèõ øòàòîâ ñòîëèöû - ñòîëèöû èëè àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå öåíòðû? À åñëè ñòîëèöû - òî íàâåðíîå è â Ðîññèè òîæå, èáî êàê íå õâàëèëè Àìåðèêó, à çà íàøèì ôåäåðàëèçìîì (ÿêè òàòàð÷à - ñèôèëèçîâàííûì ïåäåðàëèçìîì) åé íå óãíàòüñÿ :) . Äåëî âåäü â òîì, ÷òî â Ðîññèéñêîé êîíñòèòóöèè íèãäå íå ñêàçàíî, ÷òî ó ðåñïóáëèê öåíòðû, à íå ñòîëèöû. À âîò â êîíñòèòóöèÿõ ðåñïóáëèê ÷¸òêî ïðîïèñàíî, ÷òî, ìîë, ñòîëèöà, áàøêàëà è ò.ä. è ò.ï. Òåì áîëåå Êîíñòèòóöèÿ Ðîññèè ñàìà ïðîïèñûâàåò "çà÷àòêè ãîñóäàðòâåííîñòè" â ðåñïóáëèêàõ. Ýòèì, ñîáñòâåííî ðåñïóáëèêè è îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò îáëàòåé, êðà¸â è ò.ä. È, â êîíöå êîíöîâ, ýòî âñ¸-òàêè èäòè ïðîòèâ ïðàâäû - çàíèæàòü ñòàòóñ ãîðîäà.

Òðàíñëèòåðàöèþ ðóññêîãî ïðèìåíÿéòå íà Ðóñè :) (íàïîìíþ, ÷òî Ðóñü â Ðîññèè êîí÷àåòñÿ íà ðåêå Ñóðà). À â òàòàðñêîì è áàøêèðñêîì åñòü çâóê w, à íå v. È âîò åù¸ ïî÷åìó. Ñàëàâàò íàçâàí â ÷åñòü Ñàëàâàòà Þëàåâà. Èìÿ ýòî ïî ïðàâèëàì òðàíñëèòåðàöèè òþðêñêèõ íà ëàòèöó èä¸ò ÷åðåç "äàáëúþ".

Ñ óâàæåíèåì, --Untifler 14:46, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Çäðàâñòâóéòå, Untifler!

Ïðîøó ïðîùåíèÿ çà çàäåðæêó ñ îòâåòîì - êîìàíäèðîâêè.

Íàñ÷¸ò ñòîëèö ÿ è ïðàâäà íåìíîãî îøèáñÿ. Ïîñëå ïðîâåðîê âûÿñíèëîñü, ÷òî ó ðåñïóáëèê Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè âñ¸-òàêè ñòîëèöû, à íå àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå öåíòðû. Áóäåì, çíà÷èò, çàìåíÿòü îáðàòíî. Íî ýòî òîëüêî ó ðåñïóáëèê - êðàÿ, àâòîíîìíûå îêðóãà è ïðî÷àÿ ñòîëèö íå èìåþò, òîëüêî àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå öåíòðû.

Íàñ÷¸ò òðàíñëèòåðàöèè. Íå íàäî òîëüêî, ïîæàëóéñòà, ïðî òî, ãäå êîí÷àåòñÿ Ðîññèÿ - òàê ìîæíî î÷åíü íåõèëî ïîññîðèòüñÿ è äèñêóññèÿ ïåðåéä¸ò â îáû÷íóþ èíòåðíåòîâñêóþ ïåðåáðàíêó. Âîò îòäåëèòñÿ Òàòàðñòàí îò Ðîññèè - ÿ ïåðâûé óáåðó âñå ðóññêèå íàçâàíèÿ. À ïîêà, íàñêîëüêî ÿ ïîìíþ, ìû äîãîâîðèëèñü ïðèâîäèòü êàê ðóññêèé âàðèàíò òðàíñëèòåðàöèè, òàê è âàðèàíò íà äðóãîì îôèöèàëüíîì ÿçûêå ñóáúåêòà. Ò.å. íàäî äàòü îáà âàðèàíòà, ñ óêàçàíèåì êàêîé èç íèõ íà êàêîì ÿçûêå. --Ezhiki 17:10, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)

Нет, я с этим спорить не собираюсь! Россия-то кончается на Тихом океане, а если бы не некоторые правители, то кончаласьбы и заним : может быть тогда англоговорящие задумывались о том, как транслитерировать в русской вике названия на языке индейцев навахо :).

User:Untifler

Россия и Русь
Дорогой Ежики! Вы кажется не обратили внимания, что я сказал, что на Суре кончается именно Русь, а не Россия. Русь как географическая и культурная родина Ethnic Russians. Но Россия не исчерпывается понятием Русь. Далеко не исчерпывается.

Кстати в Татарстане середины 90-х в народе существовало мнение, конкретно противоречащее Российской Конституции.

Понятия Российская Федерация и Россия были неравнозначны. РФ это было ассоциативное гос-во куда входил и Татарстан. А Россия - это совокупность областей, краёв и городов федерального значения, заселённых преимужественно русскими. Сейчас ситуация изменилась. Т.о. сказать сто Татарстан отделится ==сказать Россия распадётся, а никак не иначе. А вообще не дай бог. --Untifler 20:59, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * А Русь у великоросов отбирают украинцы :-). Dr Bug (Volodymyr V. Medeiko) 09:46, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Насчёт развала я полностью согласен. Развал Союза стоил нам многих десятков тысяч человеческих жизней и падения ВВП на душу населения по крайней мере в 2 раза, что и страну сразу отбросило из разряда небедной сверхдержавы в регионального лидера уровня третьего мира. Развал Российской Федерации был бы ещё непрятнее... Dr Bug (Volodymyr V. Medeiko) 09:53, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Encoding
Здравствуйте, Untifler! Почему-то навернулась кодировка сообщения, которое вы мне оставили на моей странице. Повторите, пожалуйста.--Ëzhiki 19:28, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

'Nationalist vandalism'
Уважаемый Unfilter,

И то, и другое вызвано тем, что у меня было мало времени.
 * 1) во-первых, прошу прощения за излишнюю категоричтность,
 * 2) во-вторых, прошу прощения за то, что не успел до конца доделать то, что хотел (т.е. придумать, что сделать с цитатой из Конституции.

Мне не кажется, что вопрос в том, что М.Шаймиев "взял столько суверенитета" не является настолько принципиальным, чтобы педалировать его в самом начале статьи. Поэтому из начала я его убрал. Потом стал делать параграф посередине, посмотрел, что получается, как будто РТ ничем кроме как споров о степени независимоти от РФ ничем больше и не известен и не знаменит - ну и удалил, чтобы потом подумать и возвернуть. Сейчас я немного переделал, но мне кажется, что нужно поработать ещё, но уважая Вашу просьбу, удалять этут цитату не собираюсь!

Потом, у меня есть большие сомнения насчёт того, что Идель-Урал является просто-наросто татарским вариантом наименования Приволжского ФО. Идель-Урал несёт в себе конкретную идею пантюркской республики на территории РФ и не является официальным наименование. Но я не хочу устраивать ненужные "reverting wars" и очень прошу Вас внимательно подумать над этим моментом и самому подправить его. Заранее спасибо!

Dr Bug (Volodymyr V. Medeiko) 21:29, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Idel-Ural
Добрый день, Unfilter!

Я думаю, что упоминание Idel-Ural следует перенести в раздел "Geography"... (Имеется в виду статья про Республику Татарстан.) Dr Bug (Volodymyr V. Medeiko) 09:43, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Идель-Урал
Здравствуйте, Владимир (ничего, если я буду называть вас по русски?)!

Идель-Урал - довольно широкое понятие, как в историческом, так и в географическом плане. В официальной татарской литературе под словом просто "Идель-Урал" понимается территория нерусских народов поволья. Пантюркистское гос-во, существовавшее во время Гражданской войны, именуется традиционно "Штат Идель-Урал" (Idel-Ural State). Честно говоря, я не знаю, почему Al Beri Yapon xärefläre häm äyteleşe

Yapon telendä öç älifba qullanıla: Hiragana, Katakana häm Kanji. Kanji – Q&, Qıtay yazuınnan 6. ğasırda Yaponída taraldı. Qıtay häm Yapon yazuları arasındağı qíınnıqlarnı beterü maqsatınnan ike yazu sisteme tözelde – Hiragana häm Katakana. Çit tellärdän alınğan süzlär häm isemnär Katakan yazu sistemendä yazılalar. Yapon tele öyränü maqsatınnan Latín älifbas& nigezendä Romaji yazu sisteme tözeldä. Yapon xärefläre östän asqa, häm sul yatan uñ yaqqa yazıla. Elekkege waqıtta Yaponnar pumala belän yazğannar.

ил редирект с Idel-Ural на Idel-Ural State - видимо география региона в отдельности неинтересна, а история региона более-менее выложена как в статье по истории Росии, так, скажем, и по истории Волжской Булгарии. Поэтому основной упор был сделан на историю времён Гражданской войны.

Если ещё хотите что-нибудь обсудить - пишите.

--Untifler 17:21, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Здравствуйте, Untifler!

Конечно, я не против имени "Владимир", благо что меня так чаще всего и называют.

Что касается вклада Al Beri, то я оношусь к нему очень настороженно - я вижу у него явную черту искажать факты в угоду национализму. Что касается статьи, то я удалил её полностью из-за того, что она не соответствует лицензии Википедии. А написал я, действительно, всего лишь болванку... Ничего, расширим - и я был бы рад, если бы Вы поучаствовали в этом! Это требует времени, но это более плодотворно, чем изменять крайне предвзятый ворованный текст. Что касается "воссоздания Золотой Орды", то это не я поставил... Я ещё раз прошу прощения, если кажется, что я имею что-то против татар и в моих действиях есть какой-то злой умысел - это не так. Мой лучший друг - татарин! Просто хочется сделать хорошо, но успеть сделать всё-всё-всё - сложно. Это же касается и языка татарского... Dr Bug (Volodymyr V. Medeiko) 21:57, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Official names of towns in Tatarstan
Why are you placing city articles under names which have nothing to do with either their common names in English, nor with the official city names? The official Tatarstan web site gives completely different city names: http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?node_id=791 Gene s 06:21, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Traditional naming
Hi!

DrBug: Нет, что вы - я и не подозревал вас ... :)

Gene s:

Tatarstan official servers working in the contact with Russia's administration. Russian (Moscow) administration consider that names of all Russian towns ougt to be transliterated from Russian. As for Tatar naming - it is also useful in English speaking - but only in Tatarstan. In this article names of the cities was used in newly created (2000) Latin Tatar alphabet. Russian (also as commonly English naming was used in brackets).
 * This is an English wikipedia. Let's move further discussion to Talk:TatarstanGene s 15:04, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Tatar naming (words) are also popular around the Tatar emigration all over the world.
 * I am sure. But this is an English wikipedia. Not Tatar wikipedia. Continue at Talk:Tatarstan Gene s 15:04, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Personal names of Tatars are also out to be used in Tatar Latin (and my rector Mä& too :^) )!!!
 * No. It should be used in English. Varous spellings can be given IN the article, not in the article title. This is an English wikipedia. Futher discussion at Talk:Kazan State University Gene s 15:04, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

If you have another question you may write in English, Tatar or Russian.
 * Thank you very much. Gene s 15:04, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

--Untifler 14:15, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Chuvashs
This appears to be a plural word, which would not normally be used as the title of an article. There was already an article on Chuvashia, which referred to the people as "Chuvash". I cut the article down to reflect the fact that most of the contents were already covered by that article. We don't need to have the same information in two different places. Deb 19:14, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Я тоже встряну :) По-английски слово "Chuvash" во множественном числе не употребляется (т.е. как Chuvashs, так и Chuvashes орфографически неверны). Это — слово-исключение. In English: the word "Chuvash" does not have a plural form in the English language.  It is an exception to the rule.  Deb was right. --Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 19:39, Aug 25, 2004 (UTC)

Stub message
I noticed you used message in two articles. The correct spelling should be. Andris 18:08, Sep 11, 2004 (UTC)

Sorry :^) --Untifler 18:13, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

List of Tuvans
Hi, as you can see, I've moved the info from List of Tuvans, back to Tuva, and made a redirect to it. Until you have at least seven people on the list, even if they are "red links", there's no need for a seperate page. -- user:zanimum

Söyembikä
Не очень понял проблему. Статья Söyembikä выглядит правильно, по крайней мере в плане контента. Статьи Syuyumbike не существует (вообще, ни редиректа, ни исто&;#1088;ии удалений, вообще ничего)—проверьте, пожалуйста, что статья называется именно так.
 * Похоже был какой-то сбой, связанный с кэшированием. Мне он писал, что переименовать невозможно. а сам переименовал.

На Söyembikä имеются три редиректа—Suyumbika, Soyembika и Suyumbike. Если какой-то из них неверен и с ним надо сделать что-то, что можно сделать только администратору, то дайте знать—сделаю.

Что касается золотоордынских ханов, то в соответствии с политикой Википедии надо использовать традиционные западные имена. Если в статье про Золотую Орду используются другие названия, то их, по-видимому, надо заменить на традиционные.  Предварительно, однако, я бы порекомендовал просмотреть историю статьи и попробовать побеседовать с теми людьми, кто использовали узбекско-азербайджанские варианты написания—проверить, были ли у них веские причины использовать именно их.—Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 15:43, Nov 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * Нет, тут вё чисто - имена писал Gene s - значит ошибок быть не может - просто сейчас в западном мире принята такая форма записи - похожая на узбекский. Кстати, как я понял - это транслитерация алфавита старотатарского в английский - всео-то.

Kazan images
Please upload the images in the article Kazan to the Wikimedia commons. Also add the copyright information to these pictures (both enwiki and commons). I could do it, but I do not know about the lisences. Thanks! --kooo 13:25, 2004 Nov 12 (UTC)

Thanks for you! --Untifler 13:33, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Kazan in Bulgarian Wikipedia
I've just made a stub about the city. Can you make a stub about Bulgaria or Sofia? --webkid 21:19, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Your images
Hello. (I'm sorry, but I only speak English.) I have a question about your pictures Image:Tuq2.jpg and Image:Tuq6.jpg. Did you take these pictures yourself? If not, where did they come from? Thanks,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   18:58, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Unlocking wikis et cetera
I saw your request on Angela's talk page. It's probably better to post these requests on Inactive wikis (sorfry if that link is wrong, but meta is *really* slow for me). Angela isn't the only steward and she may be a bit busy with work the last few days, having recently gotten home. Pakaran (ark a pan) 18:55, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you! İ'd already requested on Inactive wikis, but I also requested it at Angea's talk page for insurence only. --Untifler 11:14, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Привет из Баку
Ассаламу Алейкум Untifler.
 * В первую очередь поздравляю тебя с начавшимся священным месяцем Рамадан!

 * Извини за поздний ответ на твое обращение.
 * Как ты и просил, принял твое обращение с юмором. В тоже, время замечаю все недостатки азербайджанской Википедии и знаю о необходимости ее развития. Имей я немного больше свободного времени обязательно поработал бы над этим. В тоже время, познакомившись с Википедией, в целом, как ты и отметил, я начал ее популяризацию в своем кругу, насколько мне позволяют мои возможности и надеюсь в скором быдущем облик азербайджанской Википедии начнет меняться.
 * Теперь о моей работе именно в русской Википедии. Если ты читал мою презентацию (на моей страничке) ты мог заметить, что я не собирался писать в Википедии (откровенно говоря свободного времени у меня очень мало), она мне нравилась как хороший информационный ресурс. Пока... Пока я не увидел статью про Карабах... Дело в том, что отошение рядового обывателя, к тем или иным событиям, в той или иной точке земного шара складывается от информации, подаваемой ему тем или иным источником. Ведь этот обыватель не сможет, да и не захочет (делать ему больше нечего) искать альтернативную информацию, рыться в архивах и т.д. Таким образом, подсознании этого "рядового обывателя" отложится именно та информация, которую он увидел в том, или ином источнике. Таким образом, прочитав ту статью о Карабахе, этот "рядовой обыватель" скажет примерно следующее. "Что за наглецы эти азербайджанцы, мало того, что полезли на чужие земли, к тому же вначале захватили там власть, затем и вовсе прибрали к рукам исконно чужие земли". А потенциально таких "обывателей" может быть ровно столько, сколько человек может пользоваться интернетом и владеет русским языком, т.е. более сотни миллионов человек. Ты представляешь к чему это приводит? Поэтому то и ведутся информационные войны, иногда организованно, а иногда и по партизански :).
 * Кстати, я не знаю, прислушивался ли то ли ты к "речи на улицах твоего родного города", она очень похожа на вашу исконную :), мало того, еще в начале ХХ века азербайджанские тюрки назывались кавказскими татарами. Вот такая вот история. Камран Алиев.

--62.212.234.37 07:11, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Untifler/Archive 2004


text:
Pavol Hrušovský

Pavol Hrušovský (born 9 June 1952) is a former Slovak politician, who served as the speaker of the National Council of the Slovak Republic (the Slovak parliament) from 15 October 2002 to 7 February 2006 and party leader of the Christian Democratic Movement (2000–2009).

Professional career
In 1978 he earned his degree at the Law Faculty of Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.

After the conclusion of his study he worked in various economic organizations as a lawyer. In 1989 he became the head of the Legal Department of the "Jednota SD" cooperative in Nitra. In 1992 he became the head of the District Council in Nitra.

In 1989 he was co-opted for a deputy of the Federal Assembly (federal parliament) of Czechoslovakia. In the 1990 election, he was elected as a deputy of the Assembly, in which he worked in the Constitutional, Foreign Relations and Mandate and Immunity Committees.

Since the election in 1992 he has been a Member of the Slovak parliament. During the first election term of the National Council of the Slovak Republic (Slovak parliament) he was a member of the Constitutional and Mandate and Immunity Committees. In the second term he was a Deputy Speaker of the National Council. At the constituent session of the third election term he has been elected Speaker of the National Council.

Political career
He entered politics after November 1989 and he became engaged in the Christian Democratic Movement, a member of which he has remained to this day.

In the September 1998 election he ran for the Parliament for the Slovak Democratic Coalition.

He was a member of the coalition from July 1998 to March 1999. In April 1999 at the Christian Democratic Movement convention, he was elected deputy leader of the movement for domestic politics. At the Christian Democratic Movement convention in Trenčín on 21 October 2000, he was elected the leader of Christian Democratic Movement. He replaced Ján Čarnogurský, who had been the leader of the Christian Democratic Movement since its inception (i.e. for ten years).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pavol Hrušovský


text:
Zlatan Bajramović

Zlatan Bajramović (born 12 August 1979) is a Bosnian professional football manager and former player who played as a defensive midfielder. He is currently both the assistant head coach of 2. Bundesliga club Karlsruher SC and the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

Club career
Bajramović spent all of his playing career in the country of his birth, Germany. After starting his career at FC St. Pauli, he moved to SC Freiburg in 2002, then in 2005 to Schalke 04. On 30 July 2008, Bajramović joined Eintracht Frankfurt. After numerous injuries, he retired from professional football in 2011.

International career
Bajramović made his debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in a March 2002 friendly game against Macedonia and has earned a total of 35 caps, scoring three goals. His final international was a November 2009 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Portugal.

Personal life
Bajramović's family is from Vitez, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Player
SC Freiburg
 * 2. Bundesliga: 2002–03

Schalke 04
 * DFB-Ligapokal: 2005

title: Zlatan Bajramović


text: Template:Theat-stub

title: Template:Theat-stub


text: Category:Theatre stubs

title: Category:Theatre stubs


text:
User talk:Arthur Oon

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 11:40, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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HKWNB, HKCOTW, Current events
Hi. Thanks for your contributions to some Hong Kong-related articles. You might be interested to take a look at HK wikipedians' notice board, HK Collaboration of the Week and Current events in Hong Kong and Macao. Happy editing! — Instantnood 20:01, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for recasting the article vitasoy to a higher standard. Bunch of thanks! :-D -- Jerry Crimson Mann 28 June 2005 17:24 (UTC)

Strauss
Hello! Nice work on that rewrite of Johann Strauss II. Best wishes, RobertG ♬ talk 14:11, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Arthur Oon


text:
User talk:Shedden~enwiki

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 11:42, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Shedden~enwiki


text:
User talk:Ondrejk

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 11:42, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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New talk at bottom
Hi Ondrejk,

please follow the standard convention of adding new topics at the bottom. This makes both following a discussion and eventual archiving easier.

Thanks!

--Stephan Schulz 19:15, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Re: Global warming
Hi Ondrejk, The edits that I reverted yesterday were made by an anonymous editor, IP 84.16.32.99 (please make sure that you are logged in when you edit), and had the appearance of being sockpuppet edits of Salend to avoid the 3rr rule. I noted this on your IP talk page, User talk:84.16.32.99. Sorry about the apparent misunderstanding. Please also note that Global warming is a controversial article and read the somewhat lengthy discussions on Talk:Global warming before making significant changes. Vsmith 16:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Ondrejk! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 4 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 07:17, 25 January 2010 (UTC)
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AfD nomination of Martin Bútora
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Speedy deletion nomination of Arthur B. Robinson
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Proposed deletion of List of English words of Slovak origin

The article List of English words of Slovak origin has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Doesn't meet WP:NLIST or WP:GNG."

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Nomination of List of English words of Slovak origin for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of English words of Slovak origin is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.   Ravenswing     13:52, 26 July 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ondrejk


text:
Waldemar Haffkine

Waldemar Mordechai Wolff Haffkine, born Vladimir Aronovich (Markus-Volf) Khavkin (Владимир Аронович (Маркус-Вольф) Хавкин; 15 March 1860 – 26 October 1930) was a Russian-French bacteriologist known for his pioneering work in vaccines.

Haffkine was educated at the Imperial Novorossiya University and later emigrated first to Switzerland, then to France, working at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he developed a cholera vaccine that he tried out successfully in India. He is recognized as the first microbiologist who developed and used vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague. He tested the vaccines on himself. Joseph Lister, named him "a saviour of humanity".

He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in Queen Victoria's 1897 Diamond Jubilee Honours. At that time The Jewish Chronicle noted "a Ukraine Jew, trained in the schools of European science, saves the lives of Hindus and Mohammedans and is decorated by the descendant of William the Conqueror and Alfred the Great." He naturalised as a British subject in 1900.

In his final years Haffkine became more religious, becoming an advocate and philanthropist for Orthodox Jewish causes and a supporter of Zionism.

Early years
Born into a Jewish family in Odessa, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire, the fourth of five children of Aaron and Rosalie (daughter of David-Aïsic Landsberg) in a family of a Jewish schoolmaster. Received his education at the gymnasium of Berdyansk, Odessa, and St. Petersburg.

Young Haffkine was also a member of the Jewish League for Self-Defense in Odessa. Haffkine was injured while defending a Jewish home during a pogrom. As a result of this action he was arrested but later released due to the intervention of biologist Ilya Mechnikov.

Haffkine continued his studies from 1879 to 1883 with Mechnikov at Odessa University, but after the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, the government increasingly cracked down on people it considered suspicious, including intelligentsia. Haffkine graduated as a Doctor of Science at the age of 23. Haffkine was also employed by the zoological museum at Odessa from 1882 to 1888. Debarred from professorship, as a Jew, in 1888, Haffkine was allowed to emigrate to Switzerland and began his work at the University of Geneva, as an assistant professor of Physiology. In 1889 he joined Mechnikov and Louis Pasteur in Paris at the newly established Pasteur Institute where he took up the only available post of librarian.

Protozoological studies
Haffkine began his scientific career as a protozoologist and protistologist, under the tutelage of Ilya Mechnikov at Imperial Novorossiya University in Odessa and later at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. His early research was on protists such as Astasia, Euglena, and Paramecium, as well as the earliest studies on Holospora, a bacterial parasite of Paramecium. In the early 1890s, Haffkine shifted his attention to studies in practical bacteriology.

The euglenid genus Khawkinea is named in honor of Haffkine's early studies of euglenids, first published in French journals with the author name transliterated from Cyrillic as "Mardochée-Woldemar Khawkine".

Anti-cholera vaccine
At the time, one of the five great cholera pandemics of the 19th century ravaged Asia and Europe. Even though Robert Koch discovered Vibrio cholerae in 1883, the medical science at that time did not consider it a sole cause of the disease. This view was supported by experiments by several biologists, notably Jaume Ferran i Clua in Spain.

Haffkine focused his research on developing a cholera vaccine, and produced an attenuated form of the bacterium. Risking his own life, on 18 July 1892, Haffkine performed the first human test on himself and reported his findings on 30 July to the Biological Society. Even though his discovery caused an enthusiastic stir in the press, it was not widely accepted by his senior colleagues, including both Mechnikov and Pasteur, nor by European official medical establishment in France, Germany and Russia.

Haffkine considered India, where hundreds of thousands died from ongoing epidemics, as the best place to test his vaccine. Through the influence of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava, who was in Paris as the British Ambassador, he was allowed to demonstrate his ideas in England. He proceeded to India in 1893 and established a laboratory at Byculla in 1896, which moved to Parel and was later called the Haffkine Institute. Haffkine worked on the plague and by 1902–03 half a million were inoculated but on 30 October 1902, 19 people died from tetanus out of 107 inoculated at Mulkowal. This "Mulkowal disaster" led to an enquiry. He was briefly suspended but reappointed director of the Biological Laboratory in Calcutta. He retired in 1915 and suffering from malaria, had to return to France.

Anti-plague vaccine
"Unlike tetanus or diphtheria, which were quickly neutralized by effective vaccines by the 1920s, the immunological aspects of bubonic plague proved to be much more daunting." In October 1896, an epidemic of bubonic plague struck Bombay and the government asked Haffkine to help. He embarked upon the development of a vaccine in a makeshift laboratory in a corridor of Grant Medical College. In three months of persistent work (one of his assistants experienced a nervous breakdown; two others quit), a form for human trials was ready and on 10 January 1897 Haffkine tested it on himself. "Haffkine's vaccine used a small amount of the bacteria to produce an immune reaction." After these results were announced to the authorities, volunteers at the Byculla jail were inoculated and survived the epidemics, while seven inmates of the control group died. "Like others of these early vaccines, the Haffkine formulation had nasty side effects, and did not provide complete protection, though it was said to have reduced risk by up to 50 percent."

Despite Haffkine's successes, some officials still primarily insisted on methods based on sanitarianism: washing homes by fire hose with lime, herding affected and suspected persons into camps and hospitals, and restricting travel.

Even though official Russia was still unsympathetic to his research, Haffkine's Russian colleagues, doctors V. K. Vysokovich and D. K. Zabolotny, visited him in Bombay. During the 1898 cholera outbreak in the Russian Empire, the vaccine called "лимфа Хавкина" ("limfa Havkina", Havkin's lymph) saved thousands of lives across the empire.

By the turn of the 20th century, the number of inoculees in India alone reached four million and Haffkine was appointed the Director of the Plague Laboratory in Bombay (now called Haffkine Institute). In 1900, he was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh.

Haffkine was the first to prepare a vaccine for human prophylaxis by killing virulent culture by heat at 60 °C. The major limit of his vaccine was the lack of activity against pulmonary forms of plague.

Connection with Zionism
In 1898, Haffkine approached Aga Khan III with an offer for Sultan Abdul Hamid II to resettle Jews in Palestine, then a province of the Ottoman Empire: the effort "could be progressively undertaken in the Holy Land", "the land would be obtained by purchase from the Sultan's subjects", "the capital was to be provided by wealthier members of the Jewish community", but the plan was rejected.

Little Dreyfus affair
In March 1902, 19 Indian villagers from Mulkowal in Punjab (inoculated from a single bottle of vaccine) died of tetanus, whilst the other 88 villagers were well. Evidence pointed to the contamination of one bottle – 53N. The procedure for sterilisation at the Parel lab had been changed from carbolic acid to sterilisation using heating, a process that had been used at the Pasteur Institute safely for two years but was new in the British Empire. The 1903 commission from the Indian government concluded this was the source of the contamination.

An inquiry commission indicted Haffkine, and he was relieved of his position and returned to England. Historian Simon Schama likened the case to the Dreyfus Affair; the report was unofficially known as the "Little Dreyfus affair", as a reminder of Haffkine's Jewish background and religion. Author Paul Twivy researched Haffkine, and said "a number of doctors within the British Raj were envious of him and extremely antagonistic to him because he was Jewish, Russian and he wasn't a doctor", and that they hid evidence that an assistant had dropped a vial's stopper in the soil and not then sterilizied it.

The Lister Institute reinvestigated the claim and overruled the verdict on discovering the stopper contamination incident.

In July 1907, a letter published in The Times called the case against Haffkine "distinctly disproven". It was signed by Ronald Ross, William R. Smith, and Simon Flexner, among other medical dignitaries. This led to Haffkine's acquittal.

Later years
Since Haffkine's post in Bombay was already occupied, he moved to Calcutta and worked there until his retirement in 1914. Haffkine returned to France and later moved to Lausanne, Switzerland, where he spent the last years of his life.

Influence
Historian Simon Schama researched Haffkine for his book Foreign Bodies: the Terror of Contagion, the Ingenuity of Science, and advised Paul Twivy on a play he was writing about Haffkine. Schama likened the persecution of Haffkine to the Dreyfus Affair, not just because of the injustice but also for the way the authorities, faced with conclusive evidence of their wrongdoing, resisted admitting it. Twivy said "There is no doubt that we would not have survived pandemics without Haffkine, even though he's not known. He developed vaccines against two of the biggest killers ever. He is literally the most important scientist in terms of the number of lives he saved."

Recognition
Haffkine received numerous honors and awards. In 1925, the Plague Laboratory in Bombay was renamed the Haffkine Institute. In commemoration of the centennial of his birth, Haffkine Park was planted in Israel in the 1960s.

Orthodox Judaism
In a biography of him, Nobelist Selman Abraham Waksman explains that, in this last phase of his life, Haffkine had become a deeply religious man. Haffkine returned to Orthodox Jewish practice and wrote A Plea for Orthodoxy (1916). In this article, he advocated traditional religious observance and decried the lack of such observance among "enlightened" Jews, and stressed the importance of community life, stating: "A brotherhood built up of racial ties, long tradition, common suffering, faith and hope, is a union ready-made, differing from artificial unions in that the bonds existing between the members contain an added promise of duration and utility. Such a union takes many centuries to form and is a power for good, the neglect or disuse of which is as much an injury to humanity as the removal of an important limb is to the individual... no law of nature operates with more fatality and precision than the law according to which those communities survive in the strife for existence that conform the nearest to the Jewish teachings on the relation of man to his Creator; on the ordering of time for work and rest; on the formation of families and the duties of husband and wife, parents and children; on the paramount obligations of truthfulness and justice between neighbor and neighbor and to the stranger within the gates."

In 1929, he established the Haffkine Foundation to foster Jewish education in Eastern Europe. Haffkine was also respectful of other religions, and "he considered it of the utmost importance to promote the study of the Bible."

In 1982, the Chabad Hasidic movement published three letters addressed to Haffkine by the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, who had engaged Haffkine to support the Jews living in communist Russia.

title: Waldemar Haffkine


text: Category:461 deaths

title: Category:461 deaths


text:
User talk:Arnehans

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 11:43, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
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Hey, thanks for your contribs to the articles on explorers!
Great stuff. I wonder, are you by any chance a Norwegian? If so, please consider adding yourself alphabetically to the list of Norwegian Wikipedians. As of today, we're 70 and counting... :-) --Wernher 10:42, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:BerntBalchen.JPG
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Dynamic C
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title: User talk:Arnehans


text: Category:Public health

title: Category:Public health


text: Category:465 deaths

title: Category:465 deaths


text:
Leeds Corn Exchange

The Leeds Corn Exchange is a shopping mall in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The structure, which was commissioned as a corn exchange, is a grade I listed building.

History
The first corn exchange in Leeds was located at the north end of Briggate and was opened in 1829. By the mid-19th century, it was considered too small, and civic officials decided to commission a larger building.

The new building was designed by Cuthbert Brodrick, a Hull architect best known for Leeds Town Hall, in the Italianate style, built in stone with diamond-shaped rustification and was completed in 1863. The oval-shaped building featured two semi-circular porches with doorways which were flanked by Tuscan order columns supporting cornices, and was fenestrated by recessed round headed windows on both floors. The design of the dome was based on that of the Bourse de commerce of Paris by François-Joseph Bélanger and François Brunet, completed in 1811. The architectural historian, Nikolaus Pevsner, praised the design which he regarded as "remarkably independent and functional".

The use of the building as a corn exchange declined significantly in the wake of the Great Depression of British Agriculture in the late 19th century. However, in the late 1980s Speciality Shops plc restored it and converted it into a retail facility. After a further restoration carried out by new owners, Zurich Financial Services, the Corn Exchange re-opened in November 2008 as a boutique shopping centre for independent retailers. The 13200 sqft ground level was occupied by Piazza by Anthony until its sudden closure in June 2013. In 2017 the Corn Exchange was acquired by property company Rushbond. , the Corn Exchange contains about 30 independent retailers and food outlets. It is described as "one of only three remaining Corn Exchanges still functioning as a centre for trade in Britain", albeit no longer functioning as a corn exchange. The Corn Exchange has also served as a venue for music events such as the South Asian Arts UK Summer Solstice Festival in June 2023. The building was depicted in an official BBC trailer for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup (in reference to Leeds being one of the host cities).

title: Leeds Corn Exchange


text:
Luis Rey

Luis V. Rey (born 1955) is a Spanish-Mexican artist and illustrator. A 1977 graduate of the San Carlos Academy, part of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, he was among the contributors of the weekly Barcelona satirical magazine El Papus.

Rey is best known for his innovative work in the field of dinosaur paleoart. In conjunction with Robert T. Bakker, he promoted awareness of the developing evidence for feathered dinosaurs. Rey is an active member of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and of the Dinosaur Society (UK). Rey was the main illustrator for Dr. Thomas R. Holtz Jr.'s Dinosaurs (2007), and he won the Two-Dimensional Art category for the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology's 2008 Lanzendorf-National Geographic PaleoArt Prize.

Rey is an expert on Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings and he contributed the liner notes for the Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions live album.

title: Luis Rey


text:
Silver Street railway station

Silver Street is a London Overground station on the Lea Valley lines located in Edmonton in the London Borough of Enfield, north London. It is 7 mi down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between White Hart Lane and Edmonton Green.

Its three-letter station code is SLV and it is in Travelcard zone 4.

Description
Silver Street station is located on a long straight section of elevated track, on the route from Liverpool Street to Cheshunt and Enfield Town. Looking north, the platforms at Edmonton Green can be seen (there is just 50 chain between the two stops) whilst looking south, trains leaving White Hart Lane are seen almost immediately as they leave that station (it being only 64 chain from Silver Street).

The station takes its name from the street so-called which is recorded thus c. 1630 and which possibly alludes to silversmiths living in the area at that time or before. The street used to include the part of Sterling Way which now runs past the station.

History
Silver Street was originally a stop on the Stoke Newington & Edmonton Railway and opened on 22 July 1872.

Several changes were made to Silver Street station in the early 1980s. Two wooden covered staircases leading up to the platforms were replaced by open-air concrete staircases. The northbound platform roof was removed and replaced with a simple brick shelter.

A fire on the London-bound platforms in the 1990s damaged much of the original roof. A new modern structure was put in its place alongside the remaining undamaged portion.

The Fore Street tunnel section of the North Circular Road was built beneath the station during the 1990s without any disruption to service. At this time, a new ticket hall was constructed on the eastern side of the station.

In 2015 the station and all services that call transferred from Abellio Greater Anglia operation to become part of the London Overground network. Silver Street was added to the Tube map at the same time.

Services
All services at Silver Street are operated by London Overground using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 4 tph to London Liverpool Street
 * 2 tph to Cheshunt
 * 2 tph to Enfield Town

Additional services call at the station during the peak hours.

Connections
London Buses routes 34, 102, 144, 444, 456, 491 and SL1 serve the station.

title: Silver Street railway station


text:
User:Dr.psycho

I'm an experimental particle physicist. In my free time I write a blog from Jerusalem in Italian.

I almost never contributed to wikipedia. However, my first wikipedia article, First_image_on_the_web, has been featured in the "Did you know it?" section in the front page, geeee :) At some point it has been merged with the Les Horribles Cernettes page, which is another page to which I contributed.

title: User:Dr.psycho


text: Category:Pathology

title: Category:Pathology


text: Category:472 deaths

title: Category:472 deaths


text:
User talk:Armonia~enwiki

Bold text--Armonia 12:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)Se Socrate tornasse a nascere, andrebbe in chat?

Penso di sì. Nel paese dove sono nata, c’è ancora una piazza in cui i contadini, a gruppetti, gli uomini si riuniscono per discutere. Dev’essere un’usanza molto antica. L’agorà, il foro, la piazza sono luoghi ben noti della storia culturale della nostra civiltà. La televisione ci ha chiuso in un forma d’intrattenimento a volte addirittura solitaria, ma una volta, non era così…

La Internet oggi è la nostra piazza. Il luogo di socializzazione, incontro ed intrattenimento e studio. Per gli adolescenti e i giovani dei centri urbani, molte delle opportunità di relazione con i coetanei – non ho statistiche in proposito, solo una fondata impressione –  ha origine sulla Rete. Se Socrate tornasse a nascere, e volesse parlare con i più giovani, andrebbe in una chat. Seneca non esporrebbe i suoi pensieri in epistole, userebbe un newsgroup.

Gli innovatori tendono a spostarsi sempre sul limitare delle innovazioni tecnologiche. Sanno che chi li ascolta è come loro: ha spirito pionieristico, ama l’inesplorato. Non è statico. In barba a chi ancora dice: <>

Nel mondo contemporaneo – e con contemporaneo, intendo oggi, adesso alle 12.50 del mattino di una Milano, fredda ed indaffarata nella follia collettiva del Natale imminente - dobbiamo registrare la progressiva transizione tra due diversi universi, per il momento paralleli o stratificati o, se volete, collocati ad isole.

Un mondo…a strati

La cultura: Domina la cultura linguistica perché il sancta sanctorum è contenuto nei testi. La regola aurea del teatro aristotelico, unità di tempo, luogo, spazio è ancora sovrana. Ha cultura tecnologica dominante. Nessuno può fare a meno del computer. Il principale descrittore di realtà è il linguaggio matematico.

La conoscenza: Si sedimenta in un unico soggetto Si distribuisce, a causa della enorme mole di approfondimento richiesta dai singoli campi, E’ necessaria l’interazione di più discipline in un unico progetto.

Tramite della conoscenza: il testo fa da tramite alla conoscenza la filologia la traduzione linguistica e la grammatica sono le sue leve. La skill di utilizzo tecnologico. Chi non sa fare, è tagliato fuori, peggio di un analfabeta.

Linguaggio: Uso esclusivo del linguaggio parlato e scritto (ancora si studiano lingue morte) Unica koinè, la lingua inglese

Documentazione: Si tramandano testi e documenti scritti Si tramanda anche la presenza fisica della persona, la voce, i gesti. L’espressione di sentimenti e la soggettività della comunicazione.

I modelli: FACCIA A FACCIA >Uno a uno: il precettore >Uno a molti: la scuola CON VINCOLI SPAZIO - TEMPO FAD >Uno a uno >Uno a molti >Molti a molti SENZA VINCOLI SPAZIO - TEMPO

Le fasi: Prevede fasi separate tra formazione e lavoro, prima dell’età adulta. Lavoro e formazione non più separate. I percorsi Cronologici, lineari, decifrabili rigorosamente da sinistra a destra A rete. A riferimenti multipli (come in un ipertesto)

Valori dominanti: La creatività e l’arte come atto soggettivo, raro, perché unico L’innovazione, l’esplorazione di campi aperti

Chi sono i saggi: I saggi sono carichi di anni, studi, libri letti I saggi sono gli innovatori i ricercatori

I sussidi: I libri, le enciclopedie i dizionari. Computer e Internet.

Luoghi sacri: La biblioteca, la pinacoteca, il teatro, collezioni che risiedono in un solo luogo. Le Università La postazione multimediale fissa o mobile.La rete.La realtà virtuale

Il suo ideale: Leonardo, genio, inarrivabile sintesi di sapere pluridispiplinari, immensa “unicità” umana. Linus Torvald (studente di Helsinky che si vide rifiutate da Tanenbaum le modifiche al sistema minix variante di Unix appena nato e diede vita a Linux. Bill Gates.

Chi è l’insegnante: E’ il modello, il punto di arrivo, il depositario di peculiari sintesi di sapere, testimone della tradizione passata, l’ispirazione, la guida. E’ il router della conoscenza, l’instradatore verso obiettivi personali, il costruttore di percorsi fai – da – te. L’esperto, l’organizzatore.

Cosa fa lo studente: (1) LA SPUGNA! L’atto consentito al discente è l’immersione, l’assorbimento, la masticazione – digestione di sapere. Lo studente – spugna assorbe ascolta, legge legge, fa domande (ma di rado) e aspetta. Un giorno il tempo dell’umiltà avrà fine, terminata la rielaborazione di quanto a lungo preparato nel corso dei secoli di ricerca che sono la storia del pensiero (arte, letteratura, scienza, ecc. ecc. ecc.) arriverà anche per lui il tempo dell’esercizio e della parola. IL CENTRO, sceglie il suo percorso, in base ad esigenze personali. E’ fortemente orientato alla scelta professionale o affianca la formazione all’attività lavorativa e richiede di sviluppare nuove conoscenze ed abilità ad essa funzionali. Desidera potenziarsi,rinnovarsi, espandere i propri orizzonti umani, conoscitivi,professionali. Desidera migliorare la qualità della propria vita.

Cosa fa lo studente:(2) Aspetta ed è felice nel lieve mondo dell’infanzia, in cui si è lontani dalla necessità di procacciarsi il pane, da datori di lavoro, buste paga, sindacati…(d’accordo, è un quadro po’ idealizzato,diciamolo pure…borghese!) Lavora per mantenersi o contribuire alle spese di studio; lavora perché adulto o cerca lavoro. Non ha tempo per le chiacchiere, chat a parte.

Il testo valido: E’ il più antico E’ il più recente

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title: User talk:Armonia~enwiki


text:
Allison Crowe

Allison Louise Crowe (born November 16, 1981) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, guitarist, and pianist born in Nanaimo, British Columbia, whose home is Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador.

Early life and career
Crowe began performing professionally in 1996 at the age of fifteen, doing regular sets in coffee-houses and bars of Vancouver Island. Her recording debut came in 2003 with the EP Lisa's Song + 6 Songs, the title track composed in memory of Crow's friend, Lisa Marie Young, the victim in a notorious missing persons case. Crowe's first full-length albums, Secrets and Tidings, were released in 2004. and (Tidings was originally released in EP form in 2003.) Allison Crowe: Live at Wood Hall, a double concert album, was released in July 2005.

Of Scottish, Irish, and Manx descent, Crowe grew up surrounded by jazz, classical music, and rock. She discovered additional influences, such as Ani DiFranco, Pearl Jam, Tori Amos, and Counting Crows. On Amazon.com's downloads, she has simultaneously been in the top three on the Rock Singer-Songwriters, Hymns, Blues, Jazz, Broadway, and British & Celtic Folk charts.

She accompanies herself on guitar and the piano, on which she has been classically trained. She is largely a solo performer, though she has been part of bands as well, notably in a trio format as the Allison Crowe Band (2000 to 2003) and Allison Crowe + Band (2015 to date). Crowe mostly performs her own songs, which she has been quoted as saying vary among rock, jazz, and folk.

Crowe is also acclaimed for her interpretations of songs by a wide variety of composers, from Jerome Kern to Pearl Jam, including Lennon–McCartney and fellow Canadians Joni Mitchell and Leonard Cohen. Her version of Cohen's "Hallelujah" was named Record of the Week by Record of the Day (UK) in August 2004 and November 2005. In 2021, Hollywood film director Zack Snyder, a friend of Crowe, revealed that version would play during the end credits of Zack Snyder's Justice League, as an elegy to his late daughter Autumn Snyder.

Recording
In October 2006, Crowe released This Little Bird, which she began recording in February 2006 in her new home of Corner Brook. The album was completed some 4600 kilometers west, on Vancouver Island, and Salt Spring Island, British Columbia. Following a string of successful concert performances in Germany, the Czech Republic, and Austria, she returned home to Canada and during the Summer of 2009 selected songs for a new album to be titled Spiral. Some of this collection comprises never-heard songs from Aquarius Rising (those for which orchestration was not found in 2007), along with new originals and cover songs. The resulting album Spiral was released March 17, 2010.

In July 2011, Crowe released a double-A-side single, featuring two songs: "Arthur", a piano original, "Up to the Mountain (MLK Song)", a guitar version of the Patty Griffin song. In December 2011, a holiday season concert in Vancouver was recorded before an audience that included cast and crew of the movie, Man of Steel. Following a concert tour with dates in Belgium, Germany, and Italy, on November 25, 2012, she released a live album, Tidings Concert, documenting an entire Tidings show in Vancouver.

Newfoundland Vinyl, a collection of songs from, or made popular in, Newfoundland and Labrador (and performed, engineered, and produced by Crowe) was released as a vinyl LP and in digital formats by Rubenesque Records on June 25, 2013. The album's songs were selected by Crowe from the stage show of the same name presented by Theatre Newfoundland and Labrador at the Gros Morne Theatre Festival.

Crowe released an album of new songs titled Heavy Graces on October 15, 2013. Songbook, a 22-track, career-spanning collection, (which received special-edition, limited release on June 14, 2013), was released globally on March 17, 2014. During September 2014, she released a series of music-movie mashups collectively titled 16 Songs. Souling, an album of traditional carols performed a cappella was released on November 2, 2014. On December 2, 2014, Crowe's Newfoundland Vinyl II album was released. As with the first volume of this title, curated from a theatre production for which the artist serves as musical director, this collection features songs created in Newfoundland and Labrador along with several folk songs that have traveled to Atlantic Canada from overseas.

Sylvan Hour was released on May 5, 2015. This album comprises songs recorded, solo, by Allison Crowe in a log-home located on Salt Spring Island, Canada. The thirteen tracks mix piano and guitar with vocals. In late 2015 she released a pair of albums: Newfoundland Vinyl 3 and Souling (Bonus Tracks Edition) - the latter being an expanded version of her 2014 album Souling. A band recording project completed in Winter 2015 was slated for release in 2016 as a double-CD set Introducing / Heirs & Grievances. This double-album was released digitally worldwide on March 22 and in physical, CD, format on May 22, 2016.

A live concert of Allison Crowe's quintet recorded at the LSPU (Longshoremen's Protective Union) Hall in St. John's, NL has been released (on April 3, 2018) as a pair of albums, Welcome to Us Acts 1 (guitar and fiddle songs) and 2 (piano songs). (This double, live, release evolved from plans for the song-track Rare Birds to be released on a single, studio, album.) Also in 2018, Crowe released a solo album, Newfoundland Vinyl IV.

Crowe's full band releases in 2020 are titled Pillars and Six More Songs.

Touring
Crowe has toured across Canada and in the northeastern United States as a headliner. Crowe's touring band, her first since 2003, comprised Billie Woods on guitar, Dave Baird on bass, and Laurent Boucher on percussion. This quartet toured Canada's Pacific and Atlantic coasts, as well as continental Europe. In late 2005 she performed for the first time in western Europe, with concerts in Dublin, London, Munich, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, and Paris. In the spring of 2006, she toured coast-to-coast in her homeland, covering most of the distance by train on the Rock 'n' Rail Revue.

Following the release of This Little Bird, she visited England, Ireland, and Scotland on a concert tour. In 2007 her touring included a series of concerts across North America and a return to Europe where she performed at the John Lennon Northern Lights Festival in Durness, Scotland, on a bill with Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, the Queen's Master of Music, and Carol Ann Duffy, Britain's Poet Laureate. The event was crowned the "UK's Best New Festival".

In May 2009 she was prevented from performing in Edinburgh, Scotland, and London, England after being turned away by UK Border Agency officials at Gatwick Airport for lacking a Certificate of Sponsorship. Days later she resumed her tour in Germany.

In summer 2015 Allison Crowe formed a national and international touring band which now features: Céline Sawchuk (née Greb) on cello and vocals; Sarah White on mandolin, guitar, bouzouki, vocals; Dave Baird, bass, vocals; and Keelan Purchase on accordion, 12-string guitar, harmonica and vocals. Following concerts in western Canada, Crowe's quartet announced dates for a European tour in 2016 and these concerts in Germany, Slovenia, Italy, England and Belgium took place during April and May 2016. This band has continued touring North America through 2016 and 2017. N.A. concert dates for 2018 are anticipated to be followed by a return to European touring in 2019.

Other work
Two one-hour television specials have been broadcast across Canada, with her Allison Crowe: Tidings special telecast each December since 2003.

In 2013, Crowe appeared in a cameo role as the "Singer at Cassidy's" in the major motion picture Man of Steel, a reboot of the Superman film series and the first installment in the DC Extended Universe, directed by Zack Snyder.

In May 2012 Crowe performed "Hallelujah" live with Canada's Royal Winnipeg Ballet (RWB) for the world premiere of The Doorway – Scenes from Leonard Cohen, created and choreographed by Jorden Morris with artistic direction by Andre Lewis. On the RWB's November 2012 tour of The Doorway, Crowe again performed on stage with the ballet company for "Hallelujah", "Sisters of Mercy, and "Bird on the Wire".

Her interpretations of Leonard Cohen's songs have received recognition in features by BBC Radio and MOJO magazine. Crowe's recording of "Hallelujah" was slated to be the soundtrack to a scene in the 2009 Hollywood movie Watchmen before being replaced by a Cohen recording. Crowe would later appear in Snyder's 2013 film Man of Steel where she can be seen performing Johnny Cash's "Ring of Fire" and a recording of her singing Hallelujah was featured during the end credits of Zack Snyder's Justice League.

"Whether I'm Wrong", an original song of social conscience written in early 2003, has been featured by the UNESCO-endorsed New Songs for Peace initiative.

After learning how the mainstream recording industry operates, inspired by the examples of Ani DiFranco and Loreena McKennitt, and Creative Commons licensing opening new avenues for musicians, she started her own record label, Rubenesque Records Ltd. The label was incorporated in 2001 and began operations with the release of an EP in 2003.

"Fluttering", an original book of poetry and prose is being written by Allison Crowe with publication announced for late 2018. The book's publication has since been rescheduled.

Allison Crowe's duet with Richard Cheese of the song Viva Las Vegas plays throughout the title sequence of Army of the Dead, a zombie heist movie from director Zack Snyder released to theaters on May 14, 2021.

Albums

 * Lisa's Song + 6 Songs (2003)
 * Tidings: 6 Songs for the Season (2003)
 * Secrets (2004)
 * Tidings (2004)
 * Live at Wood Hall (2005)
 * This Little Bird (2006)
 * Little Light (2008)
 * Spiral (2010)
 * Tidings Concert (2012)
 * Newfoundland Vinyl (2013)
 * Heavy Graces (2013)
 * Songbook (2013/14)
 * Souling (2014)
 * Newfoundland Vinyl II (2014)
 * Sylvan Hour (2015)
 * Newfoundland Vinyl 3 (2015)
 * Introducing / Heirs + Grievances (2016)
 * Great Island Wonder (2017)
 * Welcome to Us Acts 1 and 2 (2018)
 * A Time for Tidings (2018)
 * Newfoundland Vinyl IV (2018)
 * Six More Songs  (2020)
 * Pillars  (2020)

Singles

 * Arthur /Up to the Mountain (2011)
 * Snow (2013)
 * Tarry Trousers (2014)
 * (What's so Funny 'bout) Peace, Love and Understanding (2017)
 * Tochter Zion / Stille Nacht (Silent Night) feat. Céline Sawchuk (2018)
 * Pillars - Single (2020)
 * All Your Favorite Bands feat. Sarah Melanie White (2020)

Compilations

 * Open Minds Open Windows: Songwriter's Stories (2003)
 * It Was 40 Years Ago Today (2004)
 * Christmas in Rock Vol. 4 (2005)
 * Cohen Covered (2008)
 * Songs of Hope for Haiti (2010)

Videos

 * Inside Pandora's Box: Allison Crowe (2002)
 * Allison Crowe: Tidings (2003)
 * A Corner Brook Tidings (2012)

title: Allison Crowe


text:
Saint Leonard (disambiguation)

St Leonard, Saint-Léonard or Saint-Leonard may refer to:

Saints

 * Saint Leonard of Noblac (or of Limoges) (died c.559)
 * Saint Leonard of Port Maurice (1676–1751)

Canada

 * Saint-Léonard, New Brunswick, town in Madawaska County, formerly named St. Leonard
 * Saint-Léonard Parish, New Brunswick, formerly named St. Leonard Parish
 * Saint-Léonard, Quebec, a former city and now a borough of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * Saint-Léonard (electoral district), a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada
 * Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel, a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada
 * Saint-Léonard—Anjou a former federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada

France

 * Belloy-Saint-Léonard, France
 * Saint-Léonard, a hamlet, part of the commune of Bœrsch, in the Bas-Rhin department
 * Saint-Léonard, Gers
 * Saint-Léonard, commune of the Angers department
 * Saint-Léonard, Marne
 * Saint-Léonard, Pas-de-Calais
 * Saint-Léonard, Seine-Maritime
 * Saint-Léonard, Vosges
 * Saint-Léonard, commune of the Epiniac department
 * Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, commune of the Haute-Vienne department
 * Saint-Léonard-des-Bois, commune of the Sarthe department
 * Saint-Léonard-des-Parcs, commune of the Orne department
 * Saint-Léonard-en-Beauce, commune of the Loir-et-Cher department

Switzerland

 * Saint-Léonard, Switzerland

United Kingdom

 * Berwick St. Leonard, Wiltshire
 * Drayton St. Leonard, Oxfordshire

United States

 * St. Leonard, Maryland, a place in Calvert County

Churches

 * St Leonard, Eastcheap, London
 * St Leonard, Foster Lane, London

In sport

 * Patinoire Saint-Léonard, indoor sporting arena located in Fribourg, Switzerland

title: Saint Leonard (disambiguation)


text:
Elvir Bolić

Elvir Bolić (born 10 October 1971) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played as a striker.

He spent most of his 18-year professional career in Turkey, appearing for seven clubs including Galatasaray and Fenerbahçe. He also played three years in Spain, with Rayo Vallecano.

Bolić represented Bosnia and Herzegovina during one full decade.

Čelik and Red Star
Born in Zenica, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia, Bolić started playing with local NK Čelik, being one of the players in the club that would later represent the independent Bosnian national team, including Senad Brkić, Mirsad Hibić and Nermin Šabić.

In December 1991, Bolić was acquired by Yugoslav powerhouse Red Star Belgrade – defending champions of the European Cup – after impressing managers Vladimir Cvetković and Dragan Džajić. He scored two goals in 11 games in the Yugoslav First League in his only season. In May 2024, he expressed extreme regret for the events that happened and which made him not stay longer in Red Star in that glorious period of the club.

While at the Yugoslav national side's training camp in France, in June of the following year, 21-year-old Bolić received bad news from his family about the deteriorating situation in Bosnia and the start of the military conflict. He informed the club's directors that he would not be coming back to Belgrade, and he left to Turkey to meet with his agent; Red Star respected his wish, and he subsequently signed with Galatasaray SK.

Turkey
Bolić moved to Turkey in the summer of 1992, and remained in the nation and its Süper Lig for the following eight years. He started with Galatasaray, going on to represent Gaziantepspor and Fenerbahçe SK, winning the national championship in his first season with the latter team and also reaching the final of the Turkish Cup.

On 30 October 1996, Bolić broke Manchester United's 40-year unbeaten home record playing for Fenerbahçe in Europe when he scored the game's only goal at Old Trafford in the season's UEFA Champions League group stage, where he also netted against SK Rapid Wien (1–1 away draw).

Late career
Bolić started the 2000s in Spain with Rayo Vallecano, spending three seasons in La Liga with the club and at times forming part of a forward line with another Bosnian and a Basque who all had similar names: 'Baljić, Bolić and Bolo'. In his first year he scored eight in 32 matches, adding seven in the campaign's UEFA Cup to help the Madrid outskirts side reach the quarterfinals, even though four of those came in a 10–0 away routing of amateurs Constel·lació Esportiva.

In 2003, Bolić returned to Turkey for another lengthy spell, joining Istanbulspor in late July. At the end of the season he left for Gençlerbirliği SK, finishing his second stint in the country with Malatyaspor and İstanbulspor.

Bolić started 2006–07 in Croatia with NK Rijeka, but left in September 2006, retiring shortly after at the age of 35.

International career
Bolić earned 51 caps for Bosnia and Herzegovina, scoring 22 goals. He made his debut in 1996 against Greece and, at the time of his retirement, ranked third in international goals for his country, only trailing Edin Džeko and Zvjezdan Misimović.

On 8 September 2004, Bolić netted the equalizer in a 1–1 home draw with Spain for the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. His final international was a September 2006 European Championship qualification match against Hungary.

He later briefly worked as assistant coach to the national team, being part of Meho Kodro's coaching staff and leaving his post on 17 May 2008.

Honours
Galatasaray
 * Süper Lig: 1992–93
 * Turkish Cup: 1992–93

Fenerbahçe
 * Süper Lig: 1995–96

title: Elvir Bolić


text:
User:Aapje

Hello,

My name is Aapje.

title: User:Aapje


text: Category:480 deaths

title: Category:480 deaths


text:
User:Jimi k

I'm just finishing off a PhD in optical physics at the University of Exeter in the UK, but originally hail from Plymouth. My interests include playing heavy metal on a guitar in my uni band, Baby Back Ribs, and drumming in another, Monkey Militia. I also am a keen church bell ringer and have been a member of The Scout Association for longer than I care to remember. When not doing any of the above I'm most likely to be found slumped in from of a TV or asleep.

title: User:Jimi k


text:
Rozanov

Rozanov (Розанов) is a Russian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Rozanova. It may refer to:
 * Irina Rozanova (born 1961), Russian actress
 * Maria Rozanova (born 1929), Russian publisher and editor
 * Olga Rozanova (1886–1918), Russian avant-garde artist
 * Sergei Rozanov (1870–1937), Russian clarinetist
 * Vasily Rozanov (1856–1919), Russian writer and philosopher

title: Rozanov


text:
Muhamed Konjić

Muhamed Konjić (born 14 May 1970) is a Bosnian retired professional footballer who played as a centre-back, most notably for Monaco, Coventry City and the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team who he also captained.

Club career
A solid defender, he played for many clubs around Europe including FC Zürich, AS Monaco, Coventry City and Derby County.

Konjić played in Jean Tigana's talented Monaco side which famously put Manchester United out of the Champions League in 1998 on away goals after a 1–1 draw at Old Trafford.

Early in 1999, Konjić was recruited by Gordon Strachan, manager of English Premiership side Coventry City for a fee of around £2 million. Injuries prevented fans from getting a real glimpse of the player though, as he made just 19 appearances before the club's relegation at the end of the 2000–01 season.

In the next three seasons, all of which were spent in the Championship. 'Big Mo' (as he was nicknamed by Sky Blues fans) made 138 appearances, and scored four goals. During this period, Konjić had captained the club and became a fan favourite. He was renowned both for his fully committed style of play and also his willingness to bring the ball forward if the midfield and attack were not having any impact.

He was sold at the end of the 2003–04 season to Derby County by then Sky Blues manager Peter Reid. In the 2004–05 season, he made 18 appearances in George Burley's Derby side which reached the Football League Championship play-offs. Injuries have continued to hamper his progress, and he made just one appearance for Derby in the 2005–06 season as a result. He was released at the end of the season and subsequently retired from playing.

International career
Konjić was an influential player in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian squad, for whom he was capped 39 times and scoring 3 goals. He was the captain in the first match played by Bosnia and Herzegovina on 30 November 1995. This match, a 2–0 defeat to Albania, famously came just nine days after the Dayton Peace Agreement brought an end to the Bosnian conflict.

His final international was an August 2006 friendly match against France.

Personal life
Konjić spent the first eight months of the Bosnian War in his country's army. After his military discharge he trained in the streets, often during artillery raids when everybody else was covering in bomb shelters or cellars.

Career statistics

 * Scores and results list Bosnia and Herzegovina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Konjić goal.

Honours
Individual
 * Coventry City F.C. Player of the Year: 2003

title: Muhamed Konjić


text:
User:Costermans

Hi there,

my name is Gerrit Costermans. I live in the Netherlands, the province of Noord-Brabant. I am currently studying Chemistry at the 'Technische Universiteit Eindhoven' also known as TUe'.

title: User:Costermans


text:
User talk:Costermans

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 12:02, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Costermans


text:
Morphological freedom

Morphological freedom refers to a proposed civil right of a person to either maintain or modify their own body, on their own terms, through informed, consensual recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling medical technology.

The term may have been coined by transhumanist Max More in his 1993 article, “Technological Self-Transformation: Expanding Personal Extropy”, where he defined it as "the ability to alter bodily form at will through technologies such as surgery, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, uploading". The term was later used by science debater and futurist Anders Sandberg as "an extension of one’s right to one’s body, not just self-ownership but also the right to modify oneself according to one’s desires."

The Massachusetts, USA headquartered charity, the Freedom of Form Foundation, was founded in 2018 to advocate and fund scientific research furthering progress on morphological freedom, the tools required to achieve it and its general acceptance in society at large.

Politics
According to technocritic Dale Carrico, the politics of morphological freedom imply a commitment to the value, standing, and social legibility of the widest possible variety of desired morphologies and lifestyles. More specifically, morphological freedom is an expression of liberal pluralism, secularism, progressive cosmopolitanism, and posthumanist multiculturalisms applied to the ongoing and upcoming transformation of the understanding of medical practice from one of conventional therapy to one of consensual self-determination, via genetic, prosthetic, and cognitive modification.

Religion
According to authors Calvin Mercer and Tracy J. Trothen there is tension between religion and transhumanists, particularly the Abrahamic traditions, with regards to morphological freedom. While religion generally recognizes the need to heal people and improve their situation from a medical perspective they are generally hesitant to promote a wholesale modification of the body as they see it ultimately belonging to God.

title: Morphological freedom