text:
User talk:Tvgeek

Currently interesting in helping with stub sorting and the categorization projects.

Welcome
Wow, you already edited in 2004 and still no boilerplate welcome. :) So here it is.

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Btw, could you add people whose birth year is missing but likely to be known in the article Category:Year of birth missing instead of Category:Year of birth unknown. The latter category is more for people whose birthdate will, most likely, never be discovered. I only recently discovered myself the difference between those two cat's. Thanks. Garion96 (talk) 02:39, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Drew Daniel

The article Drew Daniel has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Won Big Brother in 2004 and nothing since then. Is winning a reality series two decades ago sufficient to establish notability?"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Bgsu98 (talk) 00:49, 17 July 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of Drew Daniel for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Drew Daniel is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Drew Daniel& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Bgsu98 (talk) 18:33, 17 July 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tvgeek


text:
User talk:DrKnow

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

[[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 21:00, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:DrKnow


text:
User talk:JanusPaul

It was good of you to delete your uncivil comment, but please try to refrain from personal attacks in general, and keep cool. Thanks.--MichaelZimmer (talk) 01:57, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

(Personal attack removed) JanusPaul
 * Please do not make personal attacks on other people. Wikipedia has a policy against personal attacks. In some cases, users who engage in personal attacks may be blocked from editing by admins or banned by the arbitration committee. Comment on content, not on other contributors or people. Please resolve disputes appropriately. Thank you. --MichaelZimmer (talk) 16:55, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

This site is so full of shit. Somebody posts valid evidence to the effect that the official stories are wrong, and it gets removed... but I'm suppose to dispute it peacefully which obviously doesn't even get anyware. Completely hypocritical, (Personal attack removed). Fuck this server, you don't care about the truth. JanusPaul 18:48, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

You have been temporarily blocked from editing for disrupting Wikipedia by making personal attacks. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. --MichaelZimmer (talk) 20:24, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:ResidentEvilZeroHour.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:ResidentEvilZeroHour.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Bigr Tex  23:32, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:JanusPaul


text:
Rowland

Rowland may refer to:

United States

 * Rowland Heights, California, an unincorporated community in Los Angeles County
 * Rowland, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
 * Rowland Township, Michigan
 * Rowland, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Rowland Township, North Carolina
 * Rowland, North Carolina, a town
 * Rowland, Nevada, a ghost town
 * Rowland, Oregon, a ghost town

Elsewhere

 * Rowland, Derbyshire, England, a village and civil parish
 * Rowland (crater), on the Moon

People

 * Rowland (given name), people so named
 * Rowland (surname), people so named

Other

 * The title character of Childe Rowland, a fairy tale by Joseph Jacobs, based on a Scottish ballad
 * Rowland Institute for Science, now part of Harvard University
 * Rowland Theater, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

title: Rowland


text:
Danforth

Danforth may refer to:

 * Danforth (surname)

Canada

 * Danforth Avenue, a thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario
 * Toronto—Danforth, an electoral district
 * Toronto—Danforth (provincial electoral district), a provincial electoral district in Ontario
 * Danforth (electoral district), an abolished electoral district in Ontario
 * Greektown, Toronto, or The Danforth, a Toronto neighbourhood

United States

 * Danforth, Illinois, a village
 * Danforth, Maine, a town
 * Danforth (CDP), Maine, the main village in the town
 * Danforth, Missouri, an unincorporated community

Other uses

 * Danforth (anchor), a fluke-style anchor
 * Danforth Avenue (HBLR station), a light rail station in Hudson County, New Jersey
 * Danforth Collegiate and Technical Institute, a technical school in Toronto, Canada
 * Danforth Museum, an art museum and school in Framingham, Massachusetts
 * Danforth, a fictional character in the Cthulhu Mythos

title: Danforth


text:
Long-billed murrelet

The long-billed murrelet (Brachyramphus perdix) is a small seabird from the North Pacific. The genus name Brachyramphus is from Ancient Greek brakhus, "short", and rhamphos, "bill". The species name perdix is Latin for "partridge" Pallas described this auk as Magnitudine Perdicis. "Murrelet" is a diminutive of "murre", a word of uncertain origins, but which may imitate the call of the common guillemot.

This auk is an unusual member of the auk family, often nesting far inland in old growth forests. The long-billed murrelet, like its cousins the marbled and Kittlitz's murrelets, is thought to have experienced a decline in numbers recently.

It closely resembles the marbled murrelet, of which it was considered a subspecies until 1998, when Friesen et al. showed that the mtDNA variation was greater between these two forms than between marbled and Kittlitz's murrelets.

This species is found from Kamchatka to the Sea of Okhotsk. Most birds winter in the seas around northern Japan with some reaching South Korea and southern Japan. The Marbled Murrelet, in contrast tends to remain closer to its breeding grounds.

Description
The long-billed murrelet is a small (25 cm long), chunky auk with a slender black bill. It has pointed wings and plumage that varies by season. The non-breeding appearance is typically white underneath with a black crown, nape, wings and back. The breeding plumage is mainly brown, with pale feather edges giving a scaly appearance; the central underparts, normally below the surface on a swimming bird, are white.

The long-billed murrelet is longer billed, slightly larger, and 20% heavier than the marbled murrelet, and has a white eye ring. In breeding plumage it shows a pale throat which is absent in marbled murrelet, and weaker scaling because of fewer rusty and buff markings. In winter, the long-billed murrelet lacks the white collar of the marbled.

Measurements:

 * Length: 25 cm
 * Weight: 310 g
 * Wingspan: 43 cm

Behaviour and breeding
The long-billed murrelet feeds at sea principally on small fish, both in pelagic offshore areas (often associating with upwellings), and inshore in protected bays. It tends to migrate more than its closest relative the marbled murrelet.

The breeding behaviour of the long-billed murrelet is very unusual. Unlike most other seabirds, it does not breed in colonies or even necessarily close to the sea, instead nesting in on branches of old-growth conifers. It lays one egg on a thick lichen- or moss-covered branch or hollow. The egg is incubated for a month, then the chick is fed for around 40 days until it fledges and flies unaccompanied to the sea.

Conservation
The long-billed murrelet is considered globally threatened, having declined across its range over the last few decades. The biggest threat to the murrelet is the loss of the old growth forest to logging. Other losses can occur through entanglement in fishing gear. The bird could be threatened by the oil development of the Okhotsk and Bering Sea shelves.

Vagrancy
The species is unusually prone to vagrancy, with records in both North America and Europe, often at inland sites well away from its usual ocean habitat.

There are about 40 records from North America (Mlodinow 1997), half of them on the Pacific coast where they might be expected, but the rest scattered across the continent east to Florida, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, North Carolina, South Carolina and Newfoundland, as well as on lakes and rivers several hundred kilometers from the sea, in Colorado (two), Indiana (three), Montana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Wyoming (two), and Kansas (two).

The first found in Europe was a first-winter individual discovered drowned in a fishing net at Zollikon, Lake Zurich, Switzerland on a date between 15 and 18 December 1997. The specimen has been deposited at the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Maumary and Knaus 2000).

Europe's second was found at Dawlish Warren, Devon, England on 7 November 2006; initially identified as a little auk, its true identity came to light when photographs were posted to the BirdForum.net website. It was re-found offshore from Dawlish town centre on 11 November, and attracted large crowds of birdwatchers. The bird was present until 14 November, with an estimated 1000+ birders travelled from as far afield as Edinburgh and (reportedly) the Netherlands to see it.

The third Western Palearctic record followed quickly with a bird on a reservoir in Romania, on the Olt River near Alsoporumbak from 21–23 December 2006.

title: Long-billed murrelet


text:
Cynthiana

Cynthiana may refer to:
 * Cynthiana, Kentucky, a city in Harrison County, Kentucky, United States
 * the Cynthiana meteorite of 1877, which fell in Kentucky, United States (see meteorite falls)
 * Cynthiana, Indiana, a town in Posey County, Indiana, United States
 * Cynthiana, Ohio, a town in Pike County, Ohio, United States
 * Norton (grape), also known as the Cynthiana grape.

title: Cynthiana


text:
User talk:Yah999

Welcome to Wikipedia. Please see Welcome, newcomers to find out what we are about.

Please do not add articles about yourself, your friends, or made up words based on your friends names. Thanks you. DJ Clayworth 21:01, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yah999


text:
Denning

Denning can refer to any of the following:

Places

 * Denning (lunar crater), a crater located on the far side of the Moon
 * Denning (Martian crater), a crater on Mars
 * Denning (Munich), a district of Munich, Germany
 * Denning, New York, a town in Ulster County, New York, US
 * Denning, Arkansas, a town in Franklin County, Arkansas, US

People

 * Blaine Denning (1930–2016), American basketball player
 * Chris Denning (1941–2022), British disc jockey
 * Dorothy E. Denning (born 1945), American information security researcher
 * Rev. James Denning (1814–1875), Anglican clergyman
 * Margaret B. Denning (1856–1935), American missionary and temperance worker
 * Norman Denning (1904–1979), British officer of the Royal Navy and brother of Reginald and Tom Denning
 * Peter J. Denning (born 1942), American computer scientist
 * Sir Reginald Denning (1894–1990), British army officer
 * Richard Denning (1914–1998), American actor
 * Richard J Denning (born 1967), British author
 * Robert Denning (1927–2005), American socialite and interior designer
 * Scott Denning, American atmospheric scientist
 * Sheila Mary Denning (1920–2015), British artist
 * Tom Denning, Baron Denning (1899–1999), British lawyer and judge
 * Troy Denning (born 1958), American writer
 * William A. Denning (1817–1856) American jurist and politician
 * William Frederick Denning (1848–1931), British amateur astronomer

Other

 * Denning, a form of hibernation
 * Denning Manufacturing Australian bus manufacturer

title: Denning


text:
Deschutes

Des chutes is French for of the falls, referring to waterfalls or rapids.

Deschutes or Des Chutes or variations may refer to:

Places

 * Deschutes County, Oregon, a county in the U.S. state of Oregon
 * Deschutes National Forest, a national forest in Oregon
 * Deschutes River, a river on the east side of Oregon's Cascade Range
 * Little Deschutes River, a tributary of the Deschutes River in Oregon
 * Deschutes River (Washington), a river in the U.S. state of Washington
 * Deschutes River Woods, Oregon, a census-designated place in Oregon
 * Rivière des Chutes (Batiscan River tributary) (Des Chutes River; Falls River), a river in Mauricie, Quebec, Canada

Facilities and structures

 * Deschutes Hall, a building on the University of Oregon campus
 * Deschutes Brewery, a brewery located in Bend, Oregon, USA
 * Pont des Chutes (Des Chutes Bridge; Falls Bridge), a covered bridge in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada
 * École secondaire des Chutes (disambiguation) (Des Chutes Secondary School
 * Des Chutes Historical Museum, Bend, Deschutes, Oregon, USA
 * Des Chutes Historical Center, Bend, Deschutes, Oregon, USA

Other uses

 * Deschutes (microprocessor), code name for an improved edition of Intel's Pentium II
 * Des Chutes Railroad, part of the Columbia Southern Railway

title: Deschutes


text:
Derry Township

Derry Township may refer to:
 * Derry Township, Pike County, Illinois
 * Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
 * Derry Township, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania
 * Derry Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania
 * Derry Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania

title: Derry Township


text:
Eden Valley

Eden Valley may refer to several places:

In the United States

 * Eden Valley (Nevada), a valley in Humboldt County
 * Eden Valley, Minnesota, a city
 * Eden Valley, New York, a hamlet

Elsewhere

 * Eden Valley 216, an Indian reserve in Alberta, Canada
 * Eden Valley, South Australia, a town in Australia
 * Eden Valley wine region surrounding the town
 * Vale of Eden, the valley of the River Eden in Cumbria, England
 * Eden Valley Railway, closed railway in the above location
 * Eden Valley Railway (heritage railway), heritage railway in the above location
 * Eden Valley, New Zealand, a suburb of Auckland

title: Eden Valley


text:
Dexter Township

Dexter Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

 * Dexter Township, Cowley County, Kansas
 * Dexter Township, Michigan
 * Dexter Township, Minnesota

title: Dexter Township


text:
Dietrich

Dietrich is an ancient German name meaning "ruler of the people", but also "keeper of the keys" or "lockpick" (either the tool or the profession).

Given name

 * Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg (c. 1398–1440)
 * Thierry of Alsace (Dietrich; 1099–1168), Count of Flanders
 * Dietrich of Ringelheim (9th century), Saxon count and father of St Matilda
 * Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), German Lutheran pastor and theologian
 * Wilhelm Dietrich von Buddenbrock (1672–1757), Prussian field marshal and cavalry leader
 * Dieterich Buxtehude (c. 1637/39–1707), Danish-German composer and organist
 * Dietrich von Choltitz (1894–1966), German General and last commander of Nazi-occupied Paris in 1944
 * Dietrich Eckart (1868–1923), German politician
 * Dietrich Enns (born 1991), American baseball player
 * Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (1925–2012), German baritone singer
 * Dietrich von Hildebrand (1889–1977), German Catholic philosopher and theologian
 * Dietrich Hollinderbäumer (born 1942), German-Swedish actor
 * Dietrich Keller (born 1943), German retired basketball player
 * Dietrich Mateschitz (1944-2022), Austrian businessman, co-founder of Red Bull
 * Dietrich Mattausch (born 1940), German actor
 * Dietrich von Saucken, German general
 * Dietrich Stobbe (1938–2011), German politician
 * Dietrich Thurau (born 1954), German cyclist
 * Dietrich Grunewald (1916–2003), Swedish American artist and designer

Surname

 * Albert Dietrich (1829–1908), German composer and conductor
 * Albert Gottfried Dietrich (1795–1856), German botanist
 * Amalie Dietrich (1821–1891), German naturalist and museum collector
 * August Dietrich (1858–?), American politician
 * Brandon Dietrich (born 1978), Canadian professional ice hockey player
 * Craig Dietrich (born 1980), American digital artist and educator
 * Dena Dietrich (1928–2020), American actress
 * Derek Dietrich (born 1989), American baseball player
 * Fritz Dietrich (1905–1945), German musicologist and composer
 * Fritz Dietrich (Nazi) (1898–1948), German Nazi SS officer executed for war crimes
 * Gabriele Dietrich (born 1943), German-Indian scholar and philosopher
 * Guillermo Dietrich (born 1969), Argentine politician
 * Jacob Dietrich (1857–1932), American politician
 * John H. Dietrich (1878–1957), Unitarian humanist minister
 * Klaus Dietrich (born 1974), Austrian footballer
 * Louise Dietrich (1878–1962), American nurse
 * Marlene Dietrich (1901–1992), German-American actress, singer and entertainer
 * Otto Dietrich (1897–1952), German SS officer
 * Philippe Friedrich Dietrich (1748–1793), French scientist and politician; first mayor of Strasbourg
 * Sepp Dietrich (1892–1966), German Waffen-SS general
 * Tyler Dietrich (born 1984), Canadian ice hockey coach
 * Wilhelm Dietrich (1911–1944), German Waffen SS major
 * William E. Dietrich (born 1950), American geomorphologist
 * William S. Dietrich II (1938–2011), American industrialist and philanthropist
 * Yevgeny Dietrich (born 1973), Russian politician

Fictional characters

 * Ian Dietrich, member of the Garrison Regiment in the series Attack on Titan
 * Dietrich von Bern, hero of Germanic legend based on Dietrich the Great
 * Colonel Dietrich, Nazi colonel in Raiders of the Lost Ark
 * Arthur Dietrich, erudite police detective from the ABC sitcom  Barney Miller

Other uses

 * Dietrich, Idaho, United States
 * Dietrich, Pennsylvania
 * Dietrich Industries
 * Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, at Carnegie Mellon University
 * Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, at the University of Pittsburgh
 * Dietrich Inc.

title: Dietrich


text:
Doniphan

Doniphan may refer to:

In the United States:
 * Places
 * Doniphan, Kansas
 * Doniphan, Missouri
 * Doniphan, Nebraska
 * Doniphan County, Kansas

 * People
 * Alexander William Doniphan

title: Doniphan


text:
Donnellson

Donnellson may refer to a place in the United States:
 * Donnellson, Illinois
 * Donnellson, Iowa

title: Donnellson


text:
Douglass Township

Douglass Township may refer to the following places in the United States:

 * Douglass Township, Butler County, Kansas
 * Douglass Township, Michigan
 * Douglass Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania
 * Douglass Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania

title: Douglass Township


text:
Dryden Township

Dryden Township may refer to one of the following townships in the United States:

 * Dryden Township, Michigan
 * Dryden Township, Minnesota

title: Dryden Township


text:
Eau Galle

Eau Galle may refer to any of the following places in Wisconsin:

 * Eau Galle, St. Croix County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Eau Galle, Dunn County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Eau Galle (community), Dunn County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Eau Galle River

title: Eau Galle


text:
Eau Pleine

Eau Pleine may refer to the following locations in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:

Towns

 * Eau Pleine, Marathon County, Wisconsin
 * Eau Pleine, Portage County, Wisconsin

Rivers

 * Big Eau Pleine River
 * Little Eau Pleine River

title: Eau Pleine


text: Template:Campaignbox Sheridan's Valley Campaign


text:
Talk:USS Chesapeake (1799)

New Information on First War of 1812 Cruise
The Hampton Roads Naval Museum recently completed a survey of Chesapeake's first War of 1812 cruise and published it in its journal. We have confirmed six captures, four British, one recaptured American, and one American ship trading under a British license. Sources include a journal from Evan's clerk, newspapers, and Evans' report to Secretary Jones. The ship stopped several more but found them either to be neutrals or American ships. I have edited the War of 1812 section to reflect this new information. See more at  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gcal1971 (talk • contribs) 21:23, 6 December 2008 (UTC)
 * This is a really excellent piece of new information which I will incorporate into the article. In the meantime if you could refrain from changing the structure of the article and removing or moving the citations that already exist it would be a great help to me as I prepare this article to eventually reach FA status. --Brad (talk) 21:51, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

Removed

 * The figurehead for Chesapeake was formerly located outside the main administration offices of Olau Line in the old Royal Naval Dockyard of Sheerness, but was damaged by the Medway Ports Authority during a move in 1991.
 * I have not been able to find a reference for this. If we find one it can go back in. --Brad (talk) 20:31, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Fictionalized accounts of the battle appear in the novel The Fortune of War by Patrick O'Brian, and The Key to Honor by Ron Wattanja. It is discussed briefly, with reference to the court martial of Third Lieutenant William Sitgreaves Cox, in Robert A. Heinlein's Starship Troopers. This engagement also became the subject of a well-known British sea shanty, "The Chesapeke and the Shannon".
 * Fictionalized accounts of Chesapeake are .. well.. fictional. I don't see any value in adding this to the article as it provides no additional information about the ship itself. --Brad (talk) 20:31, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Copyedit
Hi

I am going to ask another more experienced copyeditor to check my work as this is an A class article and I am not that experienced at copyediting to that high a level.

A couple of points did arise though which may need checking:

 * Quasi-War
 * "In March, Josiah Fox was reprimanded" - unclear as to which year this was as previous sentence talk of May 1800: 1799, 1800 or 1801.
 * "Chesapeake first put to sea on 22 May commanded" - unclear as to year, probably 1800 as per previous para and next sentence referring to 1800 and 1800 resp.
 * "she joined a squadron patrolling off the southern coast of the United States and in the West Indies escorting American merchant ship" - Was the squadron mission "escorting American merchant ships" in both areas, if so I would have moved that phrase to "joined a squadron escorting American merchant ships which was patrolling off the"
 * Once I establish a year I do not repeat it until the year changes. I removed one instance of a repeated "1800" which should not have been there. I'm looking out for more I may have missed. Brad (talk) 00:52, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

 * First Barbary War
 * "burn Tripolitan ships" - I have added a link to Tripolitan to try and better explain the relationship between the city and the state. I hope this is ok, if not of course remove it.

 * Chesapeake–Leopard Affair
 * "The English minister to the United States" - unsure what this is, is it an ambassador or similar?
 * The equivalent of an ambassador, yes. Brad (talk) 00:52, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

 * "she completed provisioning and loading armaments." - I tried changing it to "completed provisioning and armament." as well as linking it. Unfortunately it seems that the db page for provisioning is woefully inadequate as I believe there should be a general "Provisioning (ship)" but instead only (cruise ship) is there. The links for armament are similarly compromised, redirecting straight to weapon rather than the more correct "preparing of weapons and stockpiling" I was expecting. Perhaps linking to Wiktionary may be used instead?
 * "In Norfolk, word of the incident" - I added "Norfolk, Virginia," as many may read this from the UK and, although it might be assumed that the US shipping yard in Virginia is implied, it is not perhaps that well know (unless an avid NCIS or JAG watcher).

 * War of 1812
 * "and they were daily leaving the ship." - I suspect this should be "and were leaving the ship in daily increasing numbers." or similar?
 * Yes. Brad (talk) 00:52, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Legacy
 * "Parties defending both Humphreys and Fox ... carried on for years." I am sure this does not really mean "there were parties held" but am uncertain as to how this should be worded.
 * I substituted the word "arguments" for "parties" -- Diannaa (Talk) 17:51, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
 * "Dont give up the ship!" does not tally with the ref given afterwards, and the hidden message seems a little strange as what context it is referred to remains unclear from the ref cited? I have updated the ref to point to which seems to cover it.
 * "The phrase is still used in the US Navy today as displayed on the" - the ref does not seem say that as it is the history of the battle rather than saying anything about the current flag.
 * Halifax/Chesapeake Mill/Greenwich were unclear as to which country so I have added Nova Scotia/England/England and links. The section discusses England returning to US etc. so I feel clarity is needed on which these were.
 * The Legacy section upon review needs more work by me. Some of the entries don't need to be there and there are others I should add. Best to ignore it for now. Brad (talk) 00:52, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

 * General
 * Use of U.S. v US should be standardised. Also "American" is used, something which I believe should be considered being changed to US/U.S. as the term strictly refers to the whole continents of North, Central and South America (and any I have missed?).
 * Chicago 16th edition deprecates the use of the periods so I am changing it to US throughout. I did not change instances of "American" -- Diannaa (Talk) 17:51, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Chaosdruid (talk) 00:02, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks and thanks Diannaa for going over the article. I haven't been as attentive as I should but this article has been the bane of my existence for several years now. It's been difficult to collect all the conflicting sources and attempt to make some sense of them for the average reader. Brad (talk) 00:52, 6 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Chaosdruid and I are done with copy edits for now. If you want another go-round after you rework any of the material, please let us know. Good luck with your FA bid. -- Diannaa (Talk) 02:37, 6 March 2011 (UTC)

Name - why?
So why was the name of this ship so different from the others? What was the reason? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk 21:21, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

Wood
According to tv, she was built of pine/douglas fir, which was cheaper. The splintering of the fir (as opposed to oak) was believed to have helped create the body count in the battle with the Shannon. Student7 (talk) 22:59, 9 October 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on USS Chesapeake (1799). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081030083543/http://www.chesapeakemill.co.uk/historypdf001.pdf to http://www.chesapeakemill.co.uk/historypdf001.pdf
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2013/05/18/the-real-shameful-story-behind-don-give-ship/AVYGogGB9gtXrydeyRx1BP/story.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://blogs.rmg.co.uk/collections/2009/04/21/dont_give_up_the_ship/
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://marinecurator.blogspot.ca/2013/05/an-artifact-from-heart-of-deadly-war-of.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.history.navy.mil/museums/hrnm/files/daybook/pdfs/volume13issue2.pdf

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External links modified
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This is to let people know that this article has been scheduled as today's featured article for December 2, 2019, and specifically notifying the FA nominator(s), Brad1010. It would be helpful if someone checked the article needs no amendments. If you're interested in editing the main page text, you're welcome to do so at Today's featured article/December 2, 2019.—Wehwalt (talk) 22:46, 20 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Sorry about the bad ping, it's, of course.--Wehwalt (talk) 22:48, 20 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Hi and other interested editors. This is to let you know that as a part of preparing this article for TFA I will be lightly running an eye over it for MoS-compliance and grammar, and possibly tweaking a little of the language to ensure that it is at it's very best for its appearance on the main page. If you have any queries about any of the edits don't hesitate to let me know. Thanks. Gog the Mild (talk) 19:33, 24 November 2019 (UTC)

Keel and Beam dimensions
"Joshua Humphreys' design was long on keel and narrow of beam (width) to allow for the mounting of very heavy guns."

I would think that it would be the opposite - that a wide beam (width) would allow for the mounting of heavier guns. Comments? Seki1949 (talk) 10:21, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

Formatting ship name “HMS Chesapeake”
The British name for the ship, HMS Chesapeake, shows up in bold face. Perhaps it should be italicized, but not bold. When I came across this I made a brief effort to fix it but it’s tricky because quotes are wanted around the ship name. consequently, I am leaving it for someone with more experience. Humphrey Tribble (talk) 15:32, 31 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Ship names are always in italics (though some class names aren't), and this applies to the ship's name anywhere in the article. In articles about a ship, the ship's name is also bolded in the opening/lead sentence, but not anywhere else in the article after that. Take a look at some of the articles at List of current ships of the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard Cutter for examples. Hope this helps. - w o lf  03:40, 1 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:USS Chesapeake (1799)


text: Template:Campaignbox Expedition Against Fort Fisher


text: User talk:216.56.38.130

title: User talk:216.56.38.130


text:
Talk:João Guimarães Rosa

Untitled
As long as I'm aware, "Soroco, sua mae, sua filha" was published in "Primeiras Estórias", as more one of the 21 short stories in that book.
 * Yes, it's true! I'll remove from the list. Cyb3r 19:21, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Spoiler!
Diadorim, supposedly another jagunço

isn't this part of the article a spoiler of the book's ending!??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 150.164.255.201 (talk) 03:01, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Ulysses
Ulysses is a boring and pedantic work, nothing like Veredas. This sort of comparison is totally unflattering for Veredas. Better to just say, "It's a fascinating piece of writing." — Preceding unsigned comment added by AtomAnt (talk • contribs) 13:13, 16 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Your opinion, or mine, of "Ulysses" is not relevant. Pascalulu88 (talk) 19:55, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

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title: Talk:João Guimarães Rosa


text: Talk:Truss (medicine)

title: Talk:Truss (medicine)


text:
Talk:Xiangtan

ma yingjiu
is this guy really from xiangtan? should he be mentioned if he was? 1698 04:00, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

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Chris Parnell

Thomas Christopher Parnell (born February 5, 1967) is an American actor and comedian. First breaking through as a performer with the Los Angeles comedy troupe The Groundlings, Parnell found wider success during his tenure as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 1998 to 2006. After leaving SNL, he played the role of Dr. Leo Spaceman on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock (2006–2013). Parnell is also a prominent voice actor known for his deep and distinctive voice. In animation, he voices the narrator on the PBS Kids series WordGirl (2007–2015), Cyril Figgis on the FX series Archer (2009–2023), Jerry Smith on Adult Swim's Rick and Morty (2013–present), and Doug on Fox's Family Guy (2019–2022). He also voices "The Progressive Box" in a series of advertisements by the Progressive Corporation.

Early life
Parnell was born in Memphis, Tennessee, to a Southern Baptist family. His father, Jack Parnell, was a radio personality in Memphis. He attended the Southern Baptist Educational Center, and graduated from Germantown High School. He decided to pursue acting as a career at age 17 and set his sights on being a theater actor. He attended the University of North Carolina School of the Arts where he received his BFA in Drama. He moved to Houston, Texas after college to do an apprentice actor program for a season at the Alley Theatre, but did not get asked back to join the company. He became temporarily disenchanted with acting, and returned to his hometown and taught high school for a year. He moved to Los Angeles and auditioned for the Groundlings in 1992.

Career
While performing as a company player with the Groundlings for a number of years, Parnell began doing commercials and getting guest roles on various sitcoms, such as Seinfeld and Murphy Brown. He was hired to join the cast of Saturday Night Live as a featured player, and debuted on the show on September 26, 1998. He was promoted to repertory player the following season. In the summer of 2001, because of budget cuts and the hiring of four new cast members, Lorne Michaels was required to dismiss two cast members; he chose to lay off Parnell and Jerry Minor over Horatio Sanz, Rachel Dratch, and Maya Rudolph. Parnell was rehired in the middle of the following season.

While on SNL, Parnell appeared in numerous sketches and commercial parodies, and performed impressions of various celebrities. Among his notable sketches are "Lazy Sunday", a rap video he shot with Andy Samberg, and "More Cowbell". He has performed raps about hosts Jennifer Garner, Britney Spears, Kirsten Dunst, and Ashton Kutcher. On the DVD commentary for the West Coast version of the 30 Rock episode "Live Show", Tina Fey and Beth McCarthy Miller noted that Parnell was nicknamed "The Ice Man" while working at SNL, because of his apparent immunity to breaking character, citing the "More Cowbell" sketch in which he was the only actor not to break.

In 2006, Michaels laid off Parnell, as well as Horatio Sanz and Finesse Mitchell, due to budget cuts. This effectively made Parnell the only SNL performer to have been released twice by Michaels, although Parnell said in a 2008 interview with The Sound of Young America that he was okay with being let go this time, as he was considering leaving after that season anyway, adding that he probably would have stayed one more season had he been asked back. He had been with SNL for eight seasons; at the time only four people (Darrell Hammond, Tim Meadows, Kevin Nealon, and Al Franken) had been cast members longer. He has since made uncredited cameo appearances on the show, including parodying newscasters Tom Brokaw, Jim Lehrer, and Bob Schieffer. Parnell and his former SNL castmate Horatio Sanz starred together in Big Lake, a 2010 sitcom on Comedy Central from executive producers Will Ferrell and Adam McKay.

Parnell voiced Fly in the animated films Hotel Transylvania and Hotel Transylvania 2, and Stan the Fishman in Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation. He is a series regular on the FX animated series Archer, and is also known for his guest appearances as Dr. Leo Spaceman on 30 Rock. He provides the voice of the narrator on the PBS children's series WordGirl. From 2011 to 2014, Parnell co-starred on the ABC comedy series Suburgatory where he played the husband of the character played by his former SNL castmate Ana Gasteyer. His role started out as recurring in the first season but he was bumped up to a series regular in the second season. The series aired for three seasons on ABC.

Parnell provides the voice of the "Progressive Box" in commercials for Progressive Insurance. Since 2013, Parnell has voiced Jerry Smith (and his alternate reality variants) on the Adult Swim series Rick and Morty. On March 16, 2018, Parnell was cast in the main role of Wayne on the CBS sitcom Happy Together.

title: Chris Parnell


text:
Talk:Ullage motor

Untitled

 * Ullage space fills with gas evaporated from the bulk of the liquid fuel. Ullage motors burn this gas.

I replaced the above text because it appears to be inaccurate based on the web reference I found. Ray Spalding 21:07, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Maybe someone with more specific knowledge in this area can say if this article should be merged with Ullage engine. Qutezuce 04:25, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Photo?
Isn't the photo actually the APS (Auxiliary Propulsion System), the S-IVB's reaction control system? While it was used as an ullage motor for the translunar injection, the proper ullage motors for the first burn were a separate unit.NelC (talk) 11:19, 1 December 2018 (UTC)
 * You are absolutely correct. And there's even another error: the picture (uploaded to Commons by a German national who may not understand) doesn't even look like the correct APS that was used on the Saturn V; it looks like the one used on the Saturn IB, which was a bit smaller than the Saturn V version. A better ullage motor picture needs to be found, but for now I corrected the caption to explain "it's like what we want to show." JustinTime55 (talk) 19:45, 5 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Correction: the original Flickr poster was the German national; the Wikimedia user who uploaded it to Commons was banned from Wikipedia for sockpuppetry! JustinTime55 (talk) 19:57, 5 December 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ullage motor


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Umsg

Umsg
Umsg was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

18 members hardly seems encyclopdic. Niteowlneils 21:06, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, agreed. [[User:Premeditated Chaos| P M  C ]] 21:13, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agreed.  Whoever wrote that can't even capitalize words correctly.  --Randy 23:14, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete.  --fvw *  01:08, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Sietse 17:53, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Umsg


text:
1950 United States Senate elections

The 1950 United States Senate elections occurred in the middle of Harry S. Truman's second term as president. The 32 seats of Class 3 were contested in regular elections, and four special elections were held to fill vacancies. As with most 20th-century second-term midterms, the party not holding the presidency made significant gains. The Republican opposition made a net gain of five seats, taking advantage of the Democratic administration's declining popularity during the Cold War and the aftermath of the Recession of 1949. The Democrats held a narrow 49-to-47-seat majority after the election. This was the first time since 1932 that the Senate majority leader lost his seat, and the only instance of the majority leader losing his seat while his party retained the majority.

Results summary
Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.

Source: Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives

Retirements
One Republican and three Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

Defeats
Two Republicans and eight Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

Special elections during the 81st Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1950 or before January 3, 1951; ordered by election date.

Races leading to the 82nd Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 1951; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

Closest races
Fifteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

Arizona
Incumbent Democratic U.S. senator Carl Hayden ran for re-election to a fifth term, defeating Republican nominee Bruce Brockett in the general election. Brockett was formerly the Republican nominee for governor in both 1946 and 1948. Hayden first defeated Cecil H. Miller and Robert E. Miller (of the Arizona Farm Bureau), for the Democratic nomination.

Florida
Democratic incumbent Senator Claude Pepper lost renomination May 2, 1950 to George A. Smathers, who easily won the general election.

The Democratic primary for the 1950 United States Senate election in Florida was described as the "most bitter and ugly campaigns in Florida political history." Ormund Powers, a Central Florida historian, noted that ABC and NBC commentator David Brinkley said that "the Pepper-Smathers campaign would always stand out in his mind as the dirtiest in the history of American politics". On January 12, 1950, U.S. Representative George A. Smathers declared his candidacy for the race in Orlando at Kemp's Coliseum, where about 3,000 supporters had gathered. In his opening speech, Smathers accused Pepper of being "the leader of the radicals and extremists", an advocate of treason, and a person against the constitutional rights of Americans. Ed Ball, a power in state politics who had broken with Pepper, financed his opponent, Smathers.

Prior to the entry of Smathers and Pepper, Orlando attorney James G. Horrell campaigned for the seat. Horrell researched Pepper's weaknesses and the state's voters. Horrell also compiled a list of communist-front groups that Pepper had communicated with. On the day that Pepper declared his candidacy, Horrell withdrew and endorsed Smathers. Horrell also sent his reports about Pepper to Smathers, which he used throughout the next few months. This would also prevent the chance of a run-off election. In late February and early March, the Jacksonville Journal conducted a poll in 11 counties important for the election. Smathers led by about 2-to-1 and dominated in Duval, Pinellas, and Volusia counties, while he was also statistically tied with Pepper in Dade, Escambia, and Hillsborough counties. However, Smathers did not trail in any of the 11 counties.

Smathers repeatedly attacked "Red Pepper" for having communist sympathies, condemning both his support for universal health care and his alleged support for the Soviet Union. Pepper had traveled to the Soviet Union in 1945 and, after meeting Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, declared he was "a man Americans could trust." Additionally, although Pepper supported universal health care, sometimes referred to as "socialized medicine", Smathers would vote for "socialized medicine" in the Senate when it was introduced as Medicare in 1965. In The Saturday Evening Post, even respected writer and notorious anti-segregation editor Ralph McGill labeled Pepper a "spell-binding pinko". Beginning on March 28 and until the day of the primary, Smathers named one communist organization each day that Pepper addressed, starting with the American Slav Congress.

Pepper's opponents circulated widely a 49-page booklet titled The Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper. It contained photographs and headlines from several communist publications such as the Daily Worker. In April the Daily Worker endorsed Pepper, with Communist Party of Florida leader George Nelson warning that a Smathers victory would "strengthen the Dixiecrat-KKK forces in Florida as well as throughout the South." The booklet also made it seem as if Pepper desired to give Russia nuclear bomb-making instructions, billions of dollars, and the United States' natural resources. There was also a double-page montage of Pepper in 1946 at New York City's Madison Square Garden with progressive Henry A. Wallace and civil rights activist Paul Robeson, and quoted Pepper speaking favorably of both of them. Throughout the campaign, Pepper denied sympathizing with communism.

Simultaneous to this election, then-U.S. House Representative Richard Nixon was running for the Senate seat in California. In a letter from Senator Karl E. Mundt of South Dakota, he told Nixon that "It occurs to me that if Helen is your opponent in the fall, something of a similar nature might well be produced", in reference to The Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper and a similar Democratic primary between Manchester Boddy and Helen Gahagan Douglas.

Race also played a role in the election. Labor unions began a voter registration drive, which mostly added African Americans to the voter rolls. Smathers accused the "Northern labor bosses" of paying black people to register and vote for Pepper. Shortly after Smathers declared his candidacy, he indicated to the Florida Peace Officers Association that he would defend law enforcement officers for free if they were found guilty of civil rights violations. With the election occurring during the era of racial segregation, Pepper was portrayed as favoring integration and interracial marriage. He was also labeled a "nigger lover" and accused by Orlando Sentinel publisher Martin Andersen of shaking hands with a black woman in Sanford. In Dade County, which had a significant black and Jewish population, doctored photographs depicting Smathers in a Ku Klux Klan hood were distributed.

In the Groveland Case, four young African American men – Charles Greenlee, Walter Irvin, Samuel Shepherd, and Ernest Thomas – known as the Groveland Four, were accused of raping a 17-year old white women in Groveland on July 16, 1949. Thomas fled the area but was later shot and killed by police. Greenlee, Irvin, and Shepherd were convicted by an all-white jury. After the St. Petersburg Times questioned the verdict in April 1950, Lake County State Attorney J. W. Hunter, a supporter of Pepper, demanded that Pepper repudiate the news articles. However, Pepper refused. Hunter then denounced Pepper and endorsed Smathers. In addition to the racial violence, cross burning was also common at the time, with five in Jacksonville, ten in Orlando and Winter Park, and seventeen in the Tallahassee area.

With the accusation of "Northern labor bosses" sending "the carpetbaggers of 1950" to Florida on his behalf, Pepper reminded voters that Smathers was born in New Jersey and sometimes referred to him as a "damn Yankee intruder". In response, Smathers decorated speaking platform in the colors of his alma mater at the University of Florida, orange and blue, while informing his supporters that Pepper graduated from Harvard Law School.

Powers noted that throughout the campaign, "scarcely a day passed" without Andersen writing a news story, column, or editorial that was very positive of Smathers or highly critical of Pepper. Thirty-eight daily newspapers in Florida endorsed Smathers, while only the St. Petersburg Times and The Daytona Beach News-Journal endorsed Pepper. Among the newspapers that supported Smathers were the Miami Herald, owned by John S. Knight, and the Miami Daily News, published by James M. Cox, a former Governor of Ohio and the Democratic Party nominee for the 1920 presidential election. However, Pepper's aides compared this situation to when Alf Landon was endorsed by more editors and newspapers than Franklin Roosevelt in 1936, but received far fewer votes than him.

Smathers performed generally well across many areas of the state, with the exception of Miami, Tampa, and the Florida Panhandle. On the morning after the election, Andersen wrote on the front-page headline of the Orlando Sentinel, "Praise God From Whom All Blessings Flow ... We Have Won from Hell to Breakfast And From Dan to Beersheba ... And Staved Off Socialism", which was inspired by a headline in The New York Times celebrating Lawrence of Arabia's victory over the Turks in 1917.

Smathers defeated Republican John P. Booth in a landslide in the general election on November 7. Results indicated that Smathers received 76.3% of the vote compared to just 23.7% for Booth. In the popular vote, Smathers garnered 238,987 votes versus 74,228 for Booth. Smathers fared well throughout the state and won all but Pinellas County.

Georgia

Five-term Democratic Senator Walter F. George was re-elected without opposition.

George would retire after this term.

Idaho
There were two elections on the same day due to the October 8, 1949 death of one-term Democrat Bert H. Miller.

Idaho (special)

Republican former-senator Henry Dworshak — who had lost re-election to Miller in 1948 — was appointed to continue the term pending a special election to the class 2 seat, which he then won.

Idaho (regular)

One-term Democrat Glen H. Taylor lost renomination to the class 3 seat to his predecessor D. Worth Clark. Taylor had beaten Clark for the Democratic nomination in 1944, and this year Clark did the same to him. However, in the general election, Clark was easily beaten by Republican State senator Herman Welker.

Indiana
First-term Republican Homer E. Capehart was re-elected.

Capehart would win re-election again in 1956, but lose his seat in 1962.

Iowa
One-term Republican Bourke B. Hickenlooper was re-elected.

Hickenlooper would continue serving in the Senate until his retirement in 1969.

Kansas

There were 2 elections to the same seat on the same day due to the November 8, 1949 death of two-term Republican Clyde M. Reed. Governor of Kansas Frank Carlson appointed fellow-Republican Harry Darby December 2, 1949 to continue the term, pending a special election. Carlson won both elections and was seated November 29, 1950.

Kentucky
There were 2 elections to the same seat on the same day, due to the January 19, 1949 resignation of Democrat Alben W. Barkley to become U.S. Vice President. Governor of Kentucky Earle Clements appointed fellow-Democrat Garrett L. Withers to continue the term, pending a special election. The winner of the special election would complete the current term, from November until the start of the next Congress on January 3, while the regular election was for the full term from 1951 to 1957. Clements, himself, won both elections and was sworn in on November 27, 1950. Withers later served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives.

New York
The Socialist Workers state convention met on July 9, and nominated Joseph Hansen for the U.S. Senate.

The American Labor state convention met on September 6 and nominated W.E.B. DuBois for the U.S. Senate.

The Republican state convention met on September 7 at Saratoga Springs, New York. They re-nominated Lieutenant Governor Joe R. Hanley for the U.S. Senate.

The Democratic state convention met on September 7 at Rochester, New York, and re-nominated the incumbent U.S. senator Herbert H. Lehman

The Liberal state convention met on September 6 and 7 at the Statler Hotel in New York City, and endorsed Democratic nominee Lehman.

Nearly the whole Republican statewide ticket was elected in a landslide; with only the Democratic incumbent U.S. senator, Ex-Governor Herbert H. Lehman, managing to stay in office.

North Carolina
There were 2 elections in North Carolina.

title: 1950 United States Senate elections


text:
Talk:Hanbali school

Repeating names
starting from "Al-Khallal" the text should be moved to individal pages.

In the list of scholars Ibn-taymiyyh is mentioned twice - 'King of Hearts81

It appears that in addition to ibn Taymiyyah, ibn Jawzi is also mentioned twice. I think someone should go down the list and make sure there aren't any more repeats...a change in formatting wouldn't hurt either, as it's hard on the eyes the way it is now. I can do it when I have the free time, though it would be nice if someone else could handle that. MezzoMezzo 17:03, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Islamic Perspective
This article reads very POV, and furthermore it reads POV from a terrorist perspective. --The Lizard Wizard 02:24, 1 July 2007 (UTC) All muslims don't view the world from a terrorist POV.

 * Putting aside the matter of terrorism, in any case this is an eulogy, not an article. Tagged as NPOV. -- 212.63.43.180 10:04, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

What is an article other than the examination of various POV? The labelling as a POV should'nt be used in times of controversy(terrorism and islam), or when an article is problematic to some, it becomes a form of "veto" against a point of view. Only the methodology used by hanbalism should be this "thouroughly" examined. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.89.14.78 (talk) 20:05, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

It is very problematic to say 3% or 5% of muslims are followers of hanbalism, and would like to see reliable references regarding these figures. I would like to note that there is a difference between the school of thought adopted by a state and that followed by individuals within that state. The relation between the two is somewhat complex, as a citizen is not obliged to follow the state's school of thought. But it is undoubted that hanbalism is the fastest growing school of thought with the muslim world.

this article, especially the section on doctrine, has been butchered by some Salafis/Wahhabis... 69.113.7.9 13:09, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

....

Please help edit the Hanbali rulings of Salat and Islamic_views_on_sin. Thanks. Verycuriousboy (talk) 06:11, 24 May 2014 (UTC)

My 2cents RE: POV
Clearly it is someone determined to prove a point that has written this article. The article reads too much like a Brochure for the Hanbali Madhab. Perhaps the author feels defensive of the Hanbali Madhab in this day and age of Islam-phobia.... but that is no excuse for language that so obviously carries a POV. I agree that the POV tag should stay on the article until someone can come along and fix the article. Ryan Albrey (talk) 03:50, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

I agree. This article is shockingly biased, and probably longer than it needs to be. I'd recommend a complete re-write. 131.111.220.6 (talk) 03:31, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

The article is not biased at all. All it does is inform, it doesnt try to convince anyone of anything. It information is also backed by good sources.--74.57.85.149 (talk) 04:59, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Practical Day to Day Differences
I would be most interested to know the practical day to day differences between this Madh'hab and others of the Sunni tradition. For instance, it is suggested towards the end of the article but not clearly stated that, followers of the Hanbali Madh'hab do not believe that Muslims should play board games like Chess or musical instruments. Is this the case? I think a section on the difference between Hambali followers and the wider Sunni community as it affects modern day Muslims on a day to day basis would be an important addition to this article. Ryan Albrey (talk) 03:50, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

The fact that it is said that they do not play chess or music has nothing to do with them being from Hanbali madhab but but because they are good followers of Islam. Also it should be noted that music(with instruments) and chess(if it is used as gambling) is forbidden by the four schools of jurisprudence, so it is not only in the habali madhab but it is more stressed in this madhab.--74.57.85.149 (talk) 05:04, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

Big time POV problems...and other problems...
I do not believe the map is completely accurate and it looks like someone drew it in Windows Paint. It shows Egypt as majority Hanafi which is not true. There is a sizable population of Hanafis in Egypt due in large part to the Ottomans. However, the majority is Shafi`i. It also shows Sudan as Shafi`i which is incorrect. Sudan is majority Maliki. There are many other problems with the map. Please remove the image from this Wiki entry. It is erroneous.

This Wiki entry also ignores the significant Hanbali populations in al-Sham (Palestine, Jordan, and Syria) and presents Saudi Arabia as the only Hanbali bastion. I don't want to assume, but is this a slap at the Syrian Hanbalis whom the Salafis feel are too Ash`ari influenced?

The Hanbali madhhab was far from "extinction" and did not require Muhammad ibn `Abdi-l Wahhab to save them. Regardless of whether or not one agrees with the Creed of Muhammad ibn `Abdi-l Wahhab, to assert that the Hanbali madhhab would have died without him is completely fallacious. Many of the Hanbali scholars of Syria, while influenced by Muhammad ibn `Abdi-l Wahhab and admiring him greatly, would not have ceased to exist as his movement had little impact on the Arab world outside of Egypt (Muhammad `Ali Pasha's war against them from there) and the Arabian Peninsula.

Overall, the article is clearly written from the Salafi/Wahhabi perspective. The Salafi perspective should certainly be known and documented in this Wiki entry as they are, indeed, a school within the Hanbali school of thought, but to make the entire Wiki entry from their perspective only is not right. That's like the Wiki entry on Sunnism being written from the Sufi perspective only. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shiblizaman (talk • contribs) 21:03, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

NPOV dispute/Disputed
Some of the language in this article is very dubious/unscholarly in its tone/language. I have come to this article online to look up a term in an Islamic philosophy book and am somewhat disappointed! It reads like a personal treatise or religious pamphlet, for example:

"which represented the first three blessed generations of Islam, untainted with foreign dogmas" - so other approaches are tainted?

or "A scant reading of the Islamic history illustrates that the Hanbalis are known for having an outstanding character, fearlessness and eagerness for enjoining the good and forbidding the evil" - it would have been helpful if this reading - however scant it was - was referenced for all to see!

Considering the NPOV style and lack of referencing, I am unable to check the veracity of this article's content. I suggest that an editor more knowledgeable in the subject remove most of it and start again - it is too long to start going through, sentence by sentence and start correcting/referencing. Pob1984 (talk) 14:58, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

Criticism
Surely there must be criticisms regarding this school of thought? I'm refering to "Islamic Law of Business Organization Partnerships" by Imran Ahsan Khan Nayazee. And in his comparason between the schools, On Page 236: "A closer examination reveals that the Hanbalis do not apply their principles consistently. In fact, the reader gets the feeling that they have borrowed the forms mainly from the Hanafis and have changed the Hanafi stipuations that were objected to by Al-Shafi'i. The situation is further aggravated when the Hanbali jurist for some odd reason suddenly import a provision of Shafi'i law that one partner can terminate the agency of the other and the partnership may still continue.  In reality, this knocks out the concept of contract partnership and participation from their law" Faro0485 (talk) 18:21, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Bias and erroneous information
There is an issue with the following statement:

"Due to this it is noted that there have been, in comparison to other schools, very few Hanbalis who inclined towards unorthodox views...".

I would disagree with this immensely. There have been a number of Hanbali scholars over the centuries who have held views on aqeedah/creed that were contradictory to the views of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and his students. Many of the anthropomorphists within the Sunni Islamic tradition have claimed to belong to the Hanbali school, having taken his views on textualism (or one may say literalism) to an extremity. This phenomenon does not hold true within the other schools. Therefore making this statement biased and erroneous. I will be returning in a few days to remove it unless someone gives reason not to do so. M2k41 (talk) 23:01, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

What the guy or girl above said is completely inaccurate when you see the history of hanbali scholars. There was no anthropomorphic is them, only people who were accused to be anthropomorphic and they were refuted. I think this person also confuses Karramiyya and other sects who liken Allah to his creation.--74.57.85.149 (talk) 05:35, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

I removed this part of the page

"Hanbalis are somewhat more lax in accepting hadiths (Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal contains a few known fabricated hadiths. whereas Abu Hanifa tended to severely scrutinise hadith because he lived in Kufa in the middle of the Shi'a/Sunni conflict. Other schools maintain that a religious ruling cannot be given with doubt, and thus do not follow in some cases hadiths which authenticity may be in doubt."

This is because Musnad Ahmad was never meant to collect only authentic traditions or hadith, like Sahih Bukhari or Sahih Muslim. It was a hadith collection by Imam Ahmad to collect all the famous narrations, regardless of the status of the hadith reported in it. Thus, it is wrong to declare that the Hanbalites are lax in accepting hadith just because the existence of fabricated narrations in Musnad Ahmad.

And by the way, there are no anthropomorphists in the Hanbali jurisprudence in the true sense of the word “anthropomorphists”. Those who accused Hanbali scholars as anthropomorphists are usually those Hanbali scholars who are inclined or affected by the Asharis or Mu’tazilities school of thoughts, such as Abu Fadl At-Tamimi, who’s family, Rizq Allah At-Tamimi, had close interactions with Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani, the famous Ashari scholar; Ibn Aqil, who was affected by Mutazilites school of thoughts until he later repented in front of Sharif Abu Ja’far; and lastly, Ibn Al-Jawzi, who was largely affected by the works of Ibn Aqil which was penned by Ibn Aqil during his Mu’tazilite stage. 175.143.63.236 (talk) 08:07, 30 June 2017 (UTC)

Copyright violation
I removed the majority of the contents of this article as it was copied from http://www.islamicawakening.com/viewarticle.php?articleID=1193& in violation of Wikipedia policy. Whether this website is acceptable as a reference is highly debatable in the first place. Supertouch (talk) 13:24, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

Clarify
The article currently mentions that Hanbali "accounts for approximately 15% of Muslims who follow it". Wouldn't it account for 100% of Muslims who follow it? I wonder if this meant to say that 15% of Muslims follow Hanbali. In any case this also needs a citation. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 06:19, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and removed the text in question (see ). Given that it needed both and, it isn't useful as written. -- Gyrofrog  (talk) 06:30, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm sure it meant that 15% of Muslims follow Hanbali. YOMAL SIDOROFF-BIARMSKII (talk) 18:32, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

Merge
Content was recently merged from Sunni Islam, though the more relevant discussion can be found on that article's talk page. Per Merging, however, I am still required to open a discussion here. I would suggest reading my comments on Talk:Sunni Islam first. MezzoMezzo (talk) 05:38, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Terminology used in the Hanbali Madhab
There is apparently more than one view on the facts and on the interpretation --if they can not reach a synthesis, each view will have to be presented, in the principle of WP:NPOV.  DGG ( talk ) 03:34, 31 May 2013 (UTC)
 * There isn't anything which can be presented, though. The other article is purely OR and an attempt to push what the user views as a tradionalist Muslim POV - note that I didn't say traditionalist Muslim POV, but what the user views as such. He even seems to insinuate that the opinions of non-Muslims shouldn't hold any weight. He's basically admitting to POV pushing in addition to making what appear to be bigoted statements, and all of it is unsourced OR. What is there to merge? It really ought to just be AfD'd, as the highly POV nature of the article leads me to think the creator will oppose a prod nomination. MezzoMezzo (talk) 09:53, 9 June 2013 (UTC)
 * on what basis do you know that the view is idiosyncratic? He gives a modern source, --or at least a modern printing of a source--and refers to another in the text. Even if I found them, I would not be able to read them. (I see from your user p. that you know Arabic very well.  Do they exist, and can you find them?) He would probably say that all traditionalist members of the sect reject the Western POV, and that therefore their view needs to be represented also, along with those who are less traditionalist. There is a difference between pushing to have a POV represented and POV pushing. As I read his version, he admits there are other views. He certainly admits, as I think do all Moslems, that there are other sects.  To me,  there seems to be two differences here: one is the pronunciation of certain key words, the sort of thing on which irreconcilable difference can exist.The other. is just whom among various people are to be taken as authorities. Am I wrong in my understanding, that the question of authorities is the formal difference between the sects?  The members of a group are not necessarily authorities about what the group really believes, but they are authorities on what the group says it believes.  DGG ( talk ) 15:46, 9 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I was referring to the creator's comments on the article's talk page - he makes it fairly clear that the views expressed in the reliable sources aren't simply differing views, but are "wrong" and that the Muslim world, according to him, doesn't recognize the authority of non Muslim scholars of Islam. It seems like a true believer in Hanbalism is simply incensed that his subjective views aren't being presented as fact here. That's my main issue - the stated intent on the talk page. As for the article itself, then absolutely none of it is notable. Sheikh al- Islam isn't specific to Hanbalis, and that one school of thought or another refers to different individuals with the title is already in the relevant article. And Qadi does mean judge; what makes the fact that Hanbalis refer to a specific judge with the term notable at all? Where is the significant coverage of this outside of the book of one Saudi jurist (the given modern source you referred to)? It's a completely useless article. I understand why you suggested merging it here since the terms aren't notable enough for their own article, but is one source enough to determine that these terms are significant? The lack of significant coverage, coupled with the rather bigoted statement on the talk page in addition to clearly wrong, factually inaccurate statements - such as his dispute of Ibn Abdul Barr's discounting of the Hanbali school, which is well-known but obviously a devoted Hanbali will react to this fact with dismay - raises a red flag for the intent behind the article. After claiming that what "the page suggests" is inaccurate because he's a Hanbali and is offended by what the reliable sources say, he finishes his comment with: "The main problem with the page is the use of westerners whose work is not accepted by the Muslims." Doesn't that seem like a cause for concern? MezzoMezzo (talk) 19:07, 9 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I forgot to answer your other question. Sunni and Shi'a are sects; Hanbali is merely a school of thought within the Sunni category. Nobody believes in Hanbali or, for another example, Hanafi as sectarian. In the past these schools of thought often clashes violently but that was a long time ago. So the differences between the Sunni schools are small things, like when Muslims line up to pray in congregation like you've probably seen on the news, when and how to they ritually rise and bow and move their hands? It's based on interpretation of the Qur'an and Muhammad's statements. Some issues are totally clear and have consensus of all Muslim schools, like Ramadan is one month, the Hajj pilgrimage is in a specific time, and so forth. Some details aren't as clear to the people differed. So the issue of different Muslim views isn't an issue here; it's this person's wholesale rejection of Western scholarship and his flat out denial of several key points which are not only sourced by reliable Western sources, but for which I could bring reliable Muslim sources in Arabic were I obsessed enough to jump into my bookshelf. I'm not going to because it isn't necessary because Wikipedia doesn't discriminate like this person seems to do, I'm just making the point that he stated very clearly that his intent behind creating the article was that he personally disagreed with what the reliable sources here in this article state. MezzoMezzo (talk) 19:13, 9 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Speaking generally, In Islam as  with   other religions   there are many traditions, which always divide further; in the course of time even initially trivial distinctions become institutionalized, and the resultant different traditions can be very diverse in both theoretical and practical terms.  Understanding of a culture or ideology depends on understanding not just the commonly agreed principles, but what is not agreed, and the closer one looks the more aware one becomes of the differences.
 * At WP, I see that many adherents of Islam here want to try to present a unified view. (& similarly for some other groups--I've been involved in such discussions with respect to Judaism.)  In all these cases I think they are trying to say saying they do not want  to confuse outsiders, but I think some of it may also be  because they do not want to show to outsiders how significant the practical differences are, or the divisions between different adherents. But this is not an abridged encyclopedia for children, and reasonable detail is appropriate. NPOV says all significant views are to be represented,    I don't think you can be arguing that the Hanbali school is insignificant,   but rather that the views expressed in the article in question are insignificant within Hanbali. How am I to know that? There's a tensions with the other NPOV requirement that we do not over-represent splinter groups, and below a certain size we may not include them at all, but the practice has been to be very inclusive about this for religion and politics, to avoid giving the impression that we are making judgements on these topics.  To use your example, the general practice about Ramadan is the same; the actual details in various places are not the same. To just give the part that is agreed is oversimplified. The article we have is oversimplification: I am sure there are discussion of the details in Islamic law, and they should be given.  (Some specifics about Qadi. In many traditions general words are used with particular meanings. See List of people called Rabbi for an example)
 * The author may reject Western scholarship, but the views represented are still part of the views to be taken into account. We had the question prominently with respect to Christianity, where a few people claimed that all sources from within the religion were inherently biased and usable, and that every concept of that religion was in terms of modern science, extreme fringe. Whatever one believes, that's not the way to increase knowledge.
 * Try to find some way of fitting it in. It's the simplest way to deal with this sort of problem.  DGG ( talk ) 06:07, 13 June 2013 (UTC)
 * @User:DGG: I see what you're saying, and thanks for taking the time to write all that - I read it twice just to take it all in. I will try to find a way to work the material in over the next few days and then we can see if a redirect would be possible. MezzoMezzo (talk) 03:39, 15 June 2013 (UTC)
 * @User:DGG: I've merged as much as I reasonably could here and to Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qudamah. Additionally, I have started another biography article at User:MezzoMezzo/sandbox about the person who basically preserved the school. Let me know what you think. MezzoMezzo (talk) 05:21, 23 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I deleted the other article, and I do not think what else can be merged here; if someone wants it to be userfied please let me know. For the time being, I am removing the template.--Ymblanter (talk) 18:08, 1 July 2013 (UTC)

"Hanbali" or "Hanbalite"?
"A Hanbali [or] Hanbalite scholar"; "the Hanbali [or] Hanbalite school"; "a prominent Hanbalite [or] Hanbali": Is it possible to pick a correct form for the noun and the adjective, and stick to it? —Wegesrand (talk) 17:22, 3 January 2014 (UTC)
 * It is possible, but the discussion to narrow that down will be tough because, as far as I know, there is no uniform policy on Wikipedia regarding the demonyms of Muslim theological groups. "Hanbali" is what you would say in Arabic, "Hanbalite" is the common attempted English rendering though linguistically we could also use "Hanbalist" (nobody uses that, though).
 * The problem you will run in to is that many people will promote one view over the other for political reasons, at times. Though I guess we could start a discussion here about this specific article and see how that goes. MezzoMezzo (talk) 05:52, 5 January 2014 (UTC)

Mezzo, I think the most appropriate term would be Hanbali. Hanbalite isn’t even used commonly among academics. Hanbali is actually the English transliteration of حَنۢبَلِي and is perhaps the most appropriate term. Nasiralamreeki (talk) 22:59, 14 June 2022 (UTC)

Recent edits using primary sources as a vehicle for POV pushing
Recently, I had to reverse some edits which seem, as far as I can tell, like some form of inter-Hanbali POV pushing using primary sources. One of the issues is the "qiyam" during the prayer and placement of the hands; reliable secondary sources typically mention that the school places hands above the navel. What was inserted here was the opposite opinion (hands below the navel) along with a series of primary sources from some Hanbalite jurists with only book names and page numbers; no edition, publisher information, ISBN, etc. Typically what happens on Muslim religious debate forums on the Net is that Muslim teenagers/youth will make claims, and then post long lists of author names, book titles and page numbers to claim they have support from classic jurists. Very often, about half the citations don't support the claim at all and it's just a swift copy-paste job to intimidate debate opponents. I'm removing what was added and reverting to the old version simply because I have seen this behavior before, and the other recent edits were also a cause for concern. Among them was the deletion that Ibn Taymiyyah was referred to as "one of the two sheikhs" despite the fact that a reliable secondary source with detailed publisher info says he was; this is, essentially, the deletion of reliably sourced content and is problematic enough on its own. This is also a point of contention but, a broad reading of reliable secondary sources (more can be brought via GoogleBooks if this problem persists) is that he was a person of status within the school. Typically, the whole "below the navel" thing often goes along with slightly anti-Ibn Taymiyyah/Ibn al-Qayyim sentiment. Perhaps that isn't the case here, but considering that the user in question has past experience of blatant deletion of reliable sources on other articles (and getting reverted for it) there does seem to be a cause for concern. A discussion ought to be held here before engaging in such bold edits in the future. MezzoMezzo (talk) 03:51, 27 March 2014 (UTC)

missing
i ve seen these for other pages about other schools

Views 3.1 Apostasy 3.2 Blasphemy 3.3 Stoning 3.4 Violence 3.5 Slavery 3.6 Other views

but not hanbali.

Are Saudi Sunnites Hanbalites or Wahhabists?
Can someome explain why the Hanbali school is always mentioned to be adhered to by Sunnis in Saudi-Arabia (KSA), while Wahhabism is the state religion in KSA, although Wahhabists are have abandoned the adherence of the 4 Sunni madhhabs? If the latter is true, this would mean that, although the Hanbali school has influenced the state religion of KSA, Saudi Sunnites can actually not be referred to as Hanbalites. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Einar Moses Wohltun (talk • contribs) 07:05, 2 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Wahhabism never abandoned the four madhhabs; Salafism did. The two movements are closely related but still, technically, separate. MezzoMezzo (talk) 03:44, 10 August 2016 (UTC)

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Orphaned references in Hanbali
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Hanbali's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "sunnah": From Apostasy in Islam:  From Al-Shafi‘i:  From Ibn Furak:  From Ali al-Qari:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 06:55, 10 July 2020 (UTC)

Consensus to Add Section for Wahhabism?
Creating a section for Wahhabism would improve the clarity of the page, instead of being jammed into the relation with suffism section and in the blurb—where I am not sure if it belongs, particularly with the description of scholarly debate about the origin of Wahhabism. It would probably be better to explain the place of Wahhabism in a separate subsection.

Is there consensus for such a change? AskYourselfWhy (talk) 01:35, 14 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hanbali school


text: File:Franciszek Maksymilian Ossolinski (1676-1756).jpg


text:
AT&T Building (Nashville)

The AT&T Building (formerly the South Central Bell Building and BellSouth Building, also colloquially known as the Batman Building ) is a 617 ft, 33-story skyscraper completed in September 1994 and located in Nashville, Tennessee. The structure is designed as an office tower capable of housing 2,000 workers. It is currently the tallest building in the state of Tennessee.

Architecture and design
The building sits on 2.7 acre of property on Commerce St between 3rd and 4th Avenues North, and has a footprint of $1 2/3$ city blocks. It features a three-story winter garden atrium as its foyer and has a nine-story underground parking garage with 1,300 vehicle capacity. Its distinctive design and dark coloration have earned it the nickname "Batman Building", due to its resemblance to the cowl of superhero character Batman. Others regard the building as the Eye of Sauron from the Lord of the Rings Trilogy.

Richard Miller, the president of architectural firm Earl Swensson Associates, said of the design process: "...at the time we did that wanted a signature piece of architecture. What happens inside the building drives the way the outside looks."

In August 2009, the French online business journal Le Journal du Net named the iconic "Batman Building", or as the article names it "La tour de Batman", one of the 12 most original office buildings in the world.

In 2011, a drawing of the AT&T Building – alongside images of iconic structures from Tennessee's three other large cities (the Memphis Pyramid, Knoxville's Sunsphere, and the Tennessee Aquarium of Chattanooga) – was incorporated into the standard design of Tennessee's state-issued driver's licenses.

Tenants
AT&T, previously BellSouth Telecommunications and before that South Central Bell, has operated its Tennessee headquarters out of the building since it was opened in 1994. Prior to 2006, it was the sole occupant of the building, and now occupies approximately 500000 sqft of office space. AT&T held a 23.5 year lease ending in January 2020, which was renewed for an undisclosed period of time in March 2019. Nissan North America operated a temporary headquarters in the remainder of office area, twelve floors, for two years before relocating to a permanent location in Franklin, Tennessee, in mid-2008. Other notable tenants that have held space include Hankook Tire America and U.S. Bank.

Local television station WTVF Channel 5, while not utilizing office space, operates two live remotely controlled video cameras mounted on the western spire, which were established in 1995 and 1996. These cameras are used to provide scenic views of Nashville and assist in covering news events.

Ownership
After completion in 1994, the AT&T Building was purchased by Prefco XIV L.P., a limited partnership of the Pitney Bowes Real Estate Financing Corp, for US$100.8 million. Ownership of the building was transferred to Cerberus Capital Management subsidiary EntreCap Financial in July 2006 after Cerberus acquired Prefco. The building was immediately placed back on the market for resell, and in mid-2007 was sold to MTL Leasing LLC for an undisclosed sum.

title: AT&T Building (Nashville)


text:
Mary of Egypt

Mary of Egypt (Μαρία η Αιγυπτία ; Ϯⲁⲅⲓⲁ Ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ Ⲛⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ; مريم المصرية/ماريا المصريةالمصرية; Amharic/Geez: ቅድስት ማርያም ግብፃዊት) was an Egyptian grazer saint dwelling in Palestine during Late antiquity or the Early Middle Ages. She is highly venerated as a Desert Mother in the Eastern Orthodox and Coptic Churches. The Catholic Church commemorates her as a patron saint of penitents.

She is exclusively known through the hagiographical account of her life, a narrative in Greek written by Sophronius of Jerusalem in the 7th century. Her existence is uncertain and has been questioned by some historians.

Life
The primary source of information on Saint Mary of Egypt is the Vita written of her by Sophronius, Patriarch of Jerusalem (634–638). Most of the information in this section is taken from this source.

Mary of Egypt, also known as Maria Aegyptiaca, was born somewhere in the Province of Egypt, and at the age of twelve ran away from her parents to the city of Alexandria. There, she lived an extremely dissolute life. In her Vita it states that she often refused the money offered for her sexual favors, as she was driven "by an insatiable and an irrepressible passion", and that she mainly lived by begging, supplemented by spinning flax.

After seventeen years of this lifestyle, she traveled to Jerusalem for the Great Feasts of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. She undertook the journey as a sort of "anti-pilgrimage", stating that she hoped to find in the pilgrim crowds at Jerusalem even more partners to sate her lust. She paid for her passage by offering sexual favors to other pilgrims, and she briefly continued her habitual lifestyle in Jerusalem. Her Vita relates that when she tried to enter the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for the celebrations, she was barred by an unseen force. Realizing this was because of her impurity, she was struck with remorse, and upon seeing an icon of the Theotokos (the Virgin Mary) outside the church, she prayed for forgiveness and promised to give up the world (i.e., become an ascetic). She attempted again to enter the church, and this time was able to go in. After venerating the relic of the True Cross, she returned to the icon to give thanks, and heard a voice telling her, "If you cross the Jordan, you will find glorious rest." She immediately went to the monastery of Saint John the Baptist on the banks of the River Jordan, where she received absolution and afterwards Holy Communion. The next morning, she crossed the Jordan eastwards and retired to the desert to live the rest of her life as a hermit in penitence. She took with her only three loaves of bread she had bought, and once she had eaten these, lived only on what she could find in the wilderness.

Approximately one year before her death, she recounted her life to Zosimas of Palestine, who encountered her in the desert. When he unexpectedly met her in the desert, she was completely naked and almost unrecognizable as human. She asked Zosimas to toss her his mantle to cover herself with, and then she narrated her life's story to him. She asked him to meet her at the banks of the Jordan on Holy Thursday of the following year, and to bring her Holy Communion. When he fulfilled her wish, she crossed the river to get to him by walking on the water, and received Holy Communion, telling him to meet her again in the desert the following Lent.

The next year, Zosimas went to the same spot where he first met her, some twenty days' journey from his monastery. There, he found her lying dead; an inscription written in the sand next to her head stated that she had died the very night he had given her Communion, her incorrupt body miraculously transported to that spot. He buried her body with the assistance of a passing lion. On returning to his monastery, he related her life story to the other brethren, and it was preserved among them as oral tradition until it was written down by Sophronius.

Date of death
There is disagreement among various sources regarding the dates of Mary's life. Some scholars doubt her existence, on the grounds of the similarity of her Vita to the stories of other "desert mothers": "[I]t is impossible to provide a chronology for the life of Mary, or even to establish her historicity." The dates given above correspond to those in the Catholic Encyclopedia. The Bollandists place her death in 421, or 530 (see Prolog from Ohrid, 1 April). The only clue given in her Vita is the fact that the day of her repose was 1 April, which is stated to be Holy Thursday, meaning that Easter fell on 4 April that year.

Iconography
In iconography, Mary of Egypt is depicted as a deeply tanned, emaciated old woman with unkempt gray hair, either naked and covered by her long hair or by the mantle she borrowed from Zosimas. She is often shown with the three loaves of bread she bought before her final journey into the desert.

Commemoration
Her feast day is kept by Orthodox Christians and Greek Catholics, according to the Fixed Cycle, on 1 April, and, according to the Moveable Cycle, on the fifth Sunday of Great Lent, on which day it is customary for the priest to bless dried fruit after the Divine Liturgy. The Life of St Mary by Sophronius is appointed to be read during the Matins of the Great Canon of Andrew of Crete on the preceding Thursday, which is accompanied with a canon to her and Andrew sung after each ode of the Great Canon itself.

The Coptic Orthodox Church commemorates Saint Mary of Egypt on Parmouti 6, which is 14 April in the Gregorian calendar.

In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, Saint Mary of Egypt is commemorated on 1 April according to the 2004 Roman Martyrology (Ordinary Form) and on 2 April in the 1956 Roman Martyrology (Extraordinary Form].

She is venerated by Anglicans and appears on the Episcopal Church liturgical calendar.

In Italy, she became associated with the patronage of "fallen women" much like Mary Magdalene, to whom similar traits were associated.

Churches
There are a number of churches and chapels dedicated to Saint Mary of Egypt, among them:
 * Temple of Portunus (Santa Maria Egiziaca, Rome)
 * Church of Santa Maria Egiziaca a Forcella, Naples
 * Church of Santa Maria Egiziaca a Pizzofalcone, Naples
 * Chapel of St. Mary of Egypt, Wawel Castle, Kraków, Poland
 * Chapel in Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, commemorating the site of her conversion.

Relics
First-class relics of Saint Mary of Egypt are enshrined at the following churches:
 * Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence Italy (skull)
 * Church of Santa Maria Egiziaca a Forcella, Naples, Italy (a relic encased in a bust of the saint)
 * Sens Cathedral, Sens, France (right foot)
 * Church of Agios Dimitrios, Ampelokipi, Greece
 * Sretensky Monastery, Moscow, Russia (a particle from the right foot)
 * Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, Moscow, Russia
 * Novo-Tikhvin Monastery, Ekaterinburg, Russia
 * Church of Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki, Moscow, Russia (a particle of the right foot)
 * Sacred Patriarchal and Stavropegial Orthodox Monastery of St. Irene Chrysovalantou, Astoria, Queens, New York
 * Saint Nicholas Russian Orthodox Monastery, Fort Myers, Florida, USA (particle)

Icon of the Mother of God
Two icons of the Theotokos are claimed to be the very icon before which Mary of Egypt prayed for forgiveness. One is kept in the Chapel of Saint James the Just, located on the western parvis of the Church of Holy Sepulchre. The other icon is located in the Cave of Saint Athanasios the Athonite, on the southern tip of Mount Athos.

Cave
The cave where Mary of Egypt spent the rest her life following her conversion is a place of pilgrimage.

Rosa Egipcíaca
Rosa Egipcíaca, an Afro-Brazilian religious mystic and formerly enslaved prostitute, renamed herself in 1798 to honour Saint Mary of Egypt. Egipcíaca was the first black woman in Brazil to write a book, Sagrada Teologia do Amor Divino das Almas Peregrinas ("Holy Theology of Divine Love of the Pilgrim Souls"), that recorded her religious visions''. ''

Cultural references
In Goethe's Faust, Mary of Egypt is one of the three penitent saints who pray to the Virgin Mary for forgiveness for Faust. Her words are set by Mahler in his 8th Symphony, as the final saint's appeal to the Mater Gloriosa.

In Ben Jonson's play Volpone (1606) one of the characters uses the expression "Marry Gip". Commentators have taken this to mean "Mary of Egypt".

Mary of Egypt is the subject of operas by Ottorino Respighi (Maria egiziaca), John Craton (Saint Mary of Egypt), and Sir John Tavener (Mary of Egypt). The Tavener opera was written in 1992 for the Aldeburgh Festival.

The Unknown Masterpiece (1831), a novella by Balzac, contains a long description of a portrait of Mary of Egypt "undressing in order to pay her passage to Jerusalem".

Nalo Hopkinson's science fiction novel, The Salt Roads, also features Mary of Egypt and takes a historical fiction approach to telling her story.

In John Berryman's Pulitzer Prize winning book of poetry, The Dream Songs, poem 47, subtitled "April Fool's Day, or, St. Mary of Egypt", recounts Mary of Egypt's walk across the River Jordan.

"Thrust back by hands of air from the sanctuary door" is the first line of Maria Aegyptiaca, a poem by John Heath-Stubbs about the saint (Collected Poems, p. 289).

title: Mary of Egypt


text:
Richburg

Richburg may refer to:
 * Richburg, New York
 * Richburg, South Carolina
 * Weston Richburg, American football player

title: Richburg


text:
Richford

Richford may refer to:

Canada

 * Richford, Edmonton, Alberta

United States

 * Richford, New York, a town
 * Richford, Vermont, a town
 * Richford (CDP), Vermont, the main settlement in the town
 * East Richford, Vermont, an unincorporated community
 * Richford, Wisconsin, a town
 * Richford (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

title: Richford