text:
Talk:Btrieve

Untitled
Sources:

 * NOVELL: Btrieve File Utility
 * Online manuals
 * Pervasive acquires data junction
 * Understanding Btrieve and Scaleable SQL 4

PSQL Is Not Btrieve
The should not be merged. Btrieve morphed into the MKDE, and PSQL is buil on top of Btrieve. Yes, Pervasive wants to be perceived as an SQL RDBMS vendor, but they're pretty much not. RSzoc 13:07, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

DOS Version of Btrieve
I don't know where the author got the notion that the DOS version allowed up to 5 concurrent users... That simply is not true. At one point, I had 47 applications, all using Btrieve, and about 80 simultaneous concurrent users. No problems. Going to the Netware NLM version when Btrieve 6.15 became available allowed me to have about 250 simultaneous users. RSzoc 13:07, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Last Sentence of Softcraft Years
The article states that Xtrieve used a data dictionary to "enforce relational database rules". That's not true. The data dictionary was developed so that you could have a standard user interface to Btrieve files.

As designed, you create a Btrieve file by specifying the maximum record lenth, the number and data type of indexes, and so on. You never ever have to specify in dividual fields, because Btrieve manipulates records (or more accurately, pages, which can contain one of more records, depending on record size and page size), and doesn't really care about individual fields.

Softcraft developed DDFs so that a programmer could specify the actual field layout and use Xtrieve to manipulate data at the field/column level, and not the record level. RSzoc 12:58, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Architecture Description Is Flawed
Rather than starting off with what Btrieve is not, I would start off with what it is:

Btrieve is an Indexed Sequential Access Method file manager with transaction processing for fault tolerance.

That's really what it is.

The discussion of the architecture is based on incorrect concepts and thus flawed. The author makes a distinction between the Microkernel (MKDE) and Btrieve that does not exist.

Btrieve is the MKDE and the MKDE is Btrieve. They are one and the same (except for the software interface between an application program and Btrieve/MKDE). In other words, if you take away Btrieve from the graphic in this section, you take away the MKDE.

The architecture is more as follows: do any record manipulation.
 * Lowest level: MKDE needs to talk to the host operating system in order to
 * MKDE creates Btrieve files, adds, inserts, updates, deletes records. In versions prior to 6.15, the MKDE was called "Btrieve".
 * PSQL is built on top of Btrieve. All the SQL statements passed to PSQL are parsed by the PSQL engine, and broken down to individual MKDE/Btrieve calls. The results are then passed by Btrieve/MKDE back to PSQL.

RSzoc 12:50, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Software Interface Language
The first paragraph states that with version 6.15, Btrieve was modularized and "plugged into the software interface named the Microkernel... ". This is an incorrect use of the term "software interface" here.

The Microkernel Database Engine (MKDE) is the actual database engine : It does the work of getting records, inserting/updating records, and so on. That's what engine usually means. A programmer accessed btrieve via the software interface, which was merely a call to issue Interrupt 0x7B, with an argument list in certain registers. Setting up the arguments and calling the interrupt is the software interface.

If you used the Netware NLM version of btrieve, the software interface stayed the same: the program still called Interrupt 0x7B, but the engine is now working directory on/in the Novell server. RSzoc 12:32, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

Client-based
The "Client-based" section is confusing. There are several grammatical constructs that are ill-formed, however, I'm not sure enough about the intended meaning to fix it myself. Is this paragraph trying to describe the calling sequence shown in the illustration to the right? As it stands, the text describes a very different calling sequence from what is portrayed in the illustration.

Perhaps one of the original authors could clarify the intent?

— DV 09:42, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the feedback David, it's much appreciated! I've fixed up that section and it should be a lot more readable and accurate now. I've also made a reference to where I got the information, should anyone want to check my facts! - Ta bu shi da yu 12:54, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

From WP:FAC
I've managed to expand this considerably (see ). I've got a bit more to go, especially with the Pervasive line of products, but otherwise its fully complete. Do we have any Btrieve/Pervasive/Novell btrieve programmers/sys admins/users who would be able to fact check or help me expand this article? - Ta bu shi da yu 10:52, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The lead section still needs some work. I attempted to tell what it is, but it needs to be more clear. Part of the problem is that it is not called Btrieve as it is marketed today, so the is the article about a historical or current product?  That confusion never really seems answered in the article and needs to be especially carefully done in the intro. - Taxman 15:29, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks Taxman :) I'll update this soon, I just need to add more info to the main body of the article. Then I'll get the lead section sorted. - Ta bu shi da yu 17:04, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * responding your message on my talk page, yes that is much better. Still needs a bit more to clearly answer the problem I noted above.  The product is not called Btrieve now, but that is still the title.  Is it still successful? Is the article going to cover more about the current product or no? The article needs to be clear about that second point and the reason why. - Taxman 23:59, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * The article is going to cover Pervasive.SQL 7 & Pervasive.SQL 8, but I've decided to only note the Btrieve transaction database component (read legacy, non-relational database backend). As stated earlier in the article it plugs into the MKDE (the other module is Scalable SQL, their relational database product). Hence the modular architecture. Ah. That means that I need to mention the modular architecture in the lead section and how Btrieve is now only one component of their general product. So I'll edit this accordingly. I was thinking of transcluding the history section and using it for other articles. What do people think of this idea? - Ta bu shi da yu 06:32, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The beginning definitely needs rewording. If I knew more about this subject I might be able to help.  The first two sentences somehow need to be combined into one, and the last two sentences need to be much clearer and more concise.  --[[User:Brian0918|brian0918 talk]] 17:14, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, I've fixed the lead section. Should be a lot better now! - Ta bu shi da yu 09:28, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well the lead is a lot better and the article is shaping up nicely. It is now beyond my knowledge of the area to comment much. - Taxman 17:56, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)

Missing version
There was a version known as "Btrieve for Xenix". It dates from before Xenix was renamed to Unix, near the same time as the Btrieve for Netware version. It was client-server based, and used message queues for communication. --David Garfield 04:13, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

question
Can't we just replace the entire article with the observation "Pervasive.SQL is like SQL Server except retarded"?. Sorry, sorry, I've just been frustrated arguing with version 8 --Surturz 03:15, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Probably not :-) Ta bu shi da yu 08:40, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Merge?
If Pervasive PSQL is a rename of Btrieve, should the two articles be merged?--NapoliRoma 17:54, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Novell Logo.png
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title: Talk:Btrieve


text:
Le Rénovateur

Le Rénovateur is the only French-language newspaper in the Lao PDR (Laos). It is published weekly by the Lao Press in Foreign Languages, which is a specialised agency of the Ministry of Information and Culture

It was started in 1998 after the communist government decided to start a new policy in order to open the country. It was helped in the beginning by the Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, an international organisation that promotes the French language, especially in Africa and in South-East Asia. Its first editor-in-chief was Douangta Manokoun, with the support of a French advisor, Michel Leroy. Since the newspaper's 200th edition, FrancoNet Canada has helped it to publish on-line. The French Cultural Center of Vientiane pays someone to correct the articles written by Laotian journalists.

Le Rénovateur is sometimes described as a propaganda newspaper by the opposition living abroad. In 2003, Le Rénovateur published an interview with Mr Phivath, the lawyer of Thierry Falise and Vincent Reynaud, European journalists arrested because they were investigating reports of the war between the Laotian Army and the country's Hmong tribespeople in the jungle of Saysomboun special zone. The interviews were censored, but received the Prix de la libre expression (Free-Speech Prize), given by the Union de la Presse Francophone.

Also in 2003, Le Rénovateur published stories about working in garment sweat shops, film censorship at the beginning of the socialist revolution, and the difficulties of being gay in Vientiane.

Created by Soumsanouk Mixay, the newspaper was taken over Savankhone Razmountry in 2003.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Le Rénovateur


text:
Wikipedia:Preliminary Deletion/Vote2

Voting opens at 00:01 9 December UTC and closes at 11:59 23 December UTC. The vote is currently closed.

The current date and time is:, 29 July 2024 (UTC).

 * I raise concerns that this vote may be ill-timed; see discussion page. Peter O. (Talk, automation script) 19:22, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)

This page is for conducting a second round of voting on the proposal Preliminary Deletion. The first round was held at Preliminary Deletion/Vote but was inconclusive.

Rationale

 * Several changes to the proposal have been made in an attempt answer the worries of those who originally objected.
 * To get a clear mandate, restrictions and specific criteria have been put in place to ensure smooth voting and to determine the correct course of action after voting.

Differences between then and now
This is the difference between the proposal as it was when voting closed and as of this moment. Here is a summary of these changes:
 * The provisions for preventing abuse of the process gained a very large following, and as such, have been severely reduced in size and merged with the original proposal;
 * The criteria have also been reduced in size, but not in meaning;
 * A 9-point Q&A section answering common concerns has been added.

Determining the course of action post-voting
For both questions, the option that will be considered to have "won" is that which garners 70% or more of the total vote for its question.

Voting restrictions
Important: Only users who have made their first edit more than two weeks before 9 December UTC and have made more than 250 edits are allowed to vote.

''I'm fed up with people voting "no" but not saying why. If you want the proposal to improve, then say how and why. If you want something changed, say so. This poll is now a discussion free-for-all; while you still can vote, I'm hoping you will actually discuss the proposal. Let's take advantage of this forum to improve it so we can come to an agreement.'' Johnleemk | Talk 03:46, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Question 1
Should Preliminary Deletion become official Wikipedia policy?

If no option manages to grab more than 70% of the vote, the votes for choices two until four shall be added to the tally for the first choice.

Yes

 * 1) Johnleemk | Talk 03:37, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) —No-One Jones 04:28, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) gadfium (talk) 04:49, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Peter O. (Talk, automation script) 06:23, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) - Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  06:26, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC): Yes. Many cases do not need the full VfD treatment, but speedy is and should remain used for objectively rejectable material.
 * 6) Rje 06:28, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) I voted for it last time, I'm voting for it again. [[User:Lubaf|Thanks, Luc "Somethingorother" French]] 08:26, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) David Gerard 16:09, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) Jayjg 17:34, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) MPerel 00:19, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) Cool Hand Luke  07:49, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) Iain 13:15, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Cimon (there definetly are arguments pro and con, but my vote is only pro)
 * Vote made by anon IP 213.243.182.236. Please log in in order to vote. [[User:Lubaf|Thanks, Luc "Somethingorother" French]] 13:21, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) R. fiend 23:18, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC). Do this AND expand speedy deletion.
 * 2) Lst27 ( t a l k )  21:47, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Slowking Man 00:16, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) TwoOneTwo 11:31, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Drstuey 11:43, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) I'll support this any way you can pass it. Andre ( talk )A| 01:11, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Only one word to say:Keep. Luigi30 16:29, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) Mrwojo 22:09, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) Meelar (talk) 07:31, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Mackensen (talk) 00:46, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) G Rutter 14:24, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) I think this is a sensible proposal which will help manage Wikipedia.
 * 12) Carnildo 00:25, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) Take a decision only if the participation on this poll exceeds 17.7% (as percentage of the total certified wikipedia population). In order to decide get an agreement of at least 52.2% of those who voted. Keep this poll for 18 days and 11 hours then archive it (but dont hide it) and in case of a full disk, delete firstly the polls with less participation. Iasson 09:30, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Yes, but only permit keep votes
(see #Alternative)

 * 1) RadicalSubversiv E 07:32, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Yes, but add an incentive to rewrite articles
(see #Incentive_for_improvement)

 * 1) -- Scott  $e^{i \pi} \,\!$ 04:10, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Aerion 23:13, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Ben Brockert 23:56, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Geni 00:49, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Norman Rogers\talk 00:38, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) GeorgeStepanek\talk ]] 01:06, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC) For example, the final [[Dominique article was totally different from the original, so it should not have been burdened with that version's Delete votes.
 * JerDW We need to give the article a chance to be fixed before deleting it, just like we put drug abusers through rehab before sending them to prison
 * Sorry, you do not have more than 250 edits, so you can't vote. Johnleemk | Talk 08:46, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1)  →Iñgólemo←   (talk)  02:11, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC)
 * 2) Korath会話 03:27, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Goobergunch|? 21:50, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) R. S. Shaw 23:59, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC) "the perfect is the enemy of the good"
 * 5) Whosyourjudas\talk 02:21, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC) - sounds good
 * 6) Shanes 03:39, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) *Comment: Given the criteria for Preliminary Deletion (advertising, vanity, innate POV, jokes, non-encyclopedic) I don't see how a "major rewrite" would usually be of any help. Eg - a vanity stub on a non-notable band is listed, but then gets rewritten into a complete history of the band ("X and Y grew up together, Z joined at college, Y left", etc). I'd still want my delete vote to be counted. Also, if there isn't a clear definition of what a "major rewrite" is, then we're going to spend more time arguing about that then anything else. Furthermore, people can (and do) change their votes after rewrites (as happened to Dominique- which only survived due to a completely different topic having the same name). G Rutter 14:48, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) Niteowlneils 03:54, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC) I support expanding speedy to at least match current reality, but we need this as well.

Yes, but only permit keep votes and add an incentive to rewrite articles
(see #Alternative and #Incentive_for_improvement)

 * 1) BrokenSegue 00:42, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC) although i think it's kind of soon to be doing this again...

Yes, if we add an incentive to rewrite articles, but don't count this as a yes vote otherwise

 * 1) anthony 警告 04:43, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Der Eberswalder 14:14, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Support. RM 14:30, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) I think I can vote. --JuntungWu 09:15, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Unsorted votes

 * 1) No.  Better define speedy deletion criteria, and institute a simple tag-n-bag procedure for CSDs, so that one person marks the page for deletion, and someone else needs to concurs and perform the deletion (exception is vandalism).  -- Netoholic @ 05:35, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)
 * That sounds like it wouldn't work very well for what this proposal is supposed to address. You need to leave room for a margin of error; community approval generally works better than just one or two individuals making the decision. As Managed Deletion proved, the community doesn't trust admins to vote on deletion, so instead, we're letting any two individuals decide? Johnleemk | Talk 03:53, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. A little complicated. And I think there should be a third option. That is, not just "delete" and "VFD", but also "keep". Maurreen 05:58, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't understand. Once the discussion goes to VfD, "VfD" votes become "keep". Johnleemk | Talk 03:53, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No, this vote is too soon after the previous one for my liking. Please give it a rest for three months before trying again. Shane King 16:02, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. Regulation creep means creepy regulations. Eclecticology 20:11, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)
 * Well, you can't have your cake and eat it too. Either you make it easy and simple to delete articles, or you restrain people with laws. It's hard, if not nigh-on-impossible to work out a proposal that can do both. Johnleemk | Talk 03:53, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Reluctant no. The fundamental problem is that VFD and CSD need to be reworked. --MarkSweep 22:35, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I can agree with that, but how would you suggest we do so? Any ideas? Johnleemk | Talk 03:53, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No; oppose. - RedWordSmith 22:44, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Thanks, but no thanks. Mark Richards 22:49, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) No. RoseParks 03:17, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) I don't believe decision by majority is a good way to control the quality of wikipedia. An opinion by a person very knowledgable in the topic should count more than mere laymen. -- Taku 04:26, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sounds a bit Nupedia-ish to me. In addition, this proposal covers stuff in the domain of What Wikipedia is not, so decisions are generally clear-cut; either it's a vanity page or it's not, for example. Another thing: The "expert" on my neighbour's garage rock band is my neighbour himself. Should he have the final say on whether that article should be kept or deleted? Johnleemk | Talk 03:53, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. And no each time it's reintroduced. Dr Zen 05:02, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) No. If this option were available it would rapidly become the preferred option - fstr - no matter the caveats and qualifiers. - Amgine 06:02, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Enforcement. Are you suggesting that people are incapable of enforcing these rules? Johnleemk | Talk 03:53, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. See talk. JRM 15:51, 2004 Dec 12 (UTC)
 * No, encourages deletionism. --Librarian Brent 04:05, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. Instruction creep, and IMO has bad cost/benefits ratio. See talk. --Wikimol 22:53, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No, increases complexity for very little benefit. --fvw *  23:10, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * 1) No. Interesting proposal, and better than in the last round, but mistakes would happen, if you could add an article to preliminary deletion on the ground of its vanity. You don't have to hurry in deleting vanity articles. -Hapsiainen 13:24, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

No. Maintain the status quo.

 * No, too much deletion happens already. Enforce current deletion criteria. The Recycling Troll 19:09, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No.  Too much of our communal energy is taken up with deletion and deletion policy already.  The presence of bad articles does far less damage to Wikipedia than the absence of good articles.  Therefore, anything which draws even more energy into deletion is misguided.  The existing deletion mechanisms, although overused, are more than sufficient.  -- Visviva 17:50, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) No.Why don't the deletionists try to improve the site, instead of trolling to delete things? --Mononoke 18:17, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

No. Make deletion more difficult.

 * No, I oppose anything that makes deletion easier. Intrigue 22:08, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. Why don't the deletionists try to improve the site, instead of trolling to delete things? Lirath Q. Pynnor
 * No. This is all just a big troll by deletionists. Trollminator 18:59, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid you have less than 250 edits, and are not qualified to vote.  →Iñgólemo←   (talk)  02:00, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC)

No. Expand speedy deletion criteria instead.

 * 1) No. Expand speedy deletion instead. Neutrality/talk 04:23, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keith D. Tyler has a great explanation of why this wouldn't work on the talk page. In addition, the current proposal to expand the criteria is only making formal what is already done informally; thus, the situation on VfD would not be altered. Johnleemk | Talk 03:56, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) I prefer expanding Candidates for speedy deletion instead. BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 04:23, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No, we don't need more complications, expand CSD instead. - SimonP 18:07, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. Expand CSD. Vacuum
 * 2) Tuf-Kat 17:39, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Gamaliel 07:30, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) No, expand CSD and shorten VFD waiting period instead—Trevor Caira 15:34, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Question 2
Should a two-week trial of the policy outlined at Preliminary Deletion be held before a permanent implementation?

Yes

 * 1) Johnleemk | Talk 03:37, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) -- Scott  $e^{i \pi} \,\!$ 04:10, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) —No-One Jones 04:28, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) gadfium (talk) 04:49, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) David Gerard 16:11, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) MarkSweep 22:23, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Ben Brockert 23:57, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) MPerel 00:20, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) BrokenSegue 00:43, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Tuf-Kat 17:39, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * 11)  →Iñgólemo←   (talk)  02:13, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC)
 * 12) Meelar (talk) 07:33, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

Yes, but only if the first question passes

 * 1) The Recycling Troll 19:25, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Aerion 23:14, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Dr Zen 05:04, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Cool Hand  Luke  07:50, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) GeorgeStepanek\talk   01:09, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Trollminator 19:02, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Having less than 150 edits, you are not allowed to vote in this election.  →Iñgólemo←   (talk)  02:01, 2004 Dec 14 (UTC)
 * 1) Shanes 03:40, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) I think I can vote (if I read my contributions part correctly). --JuntungWu 09:10, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

No

 * 1) I prefer expanding Candidates for speedy deletion instead. BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 04:23, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) No. -- Netoholic @ 05:35, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)
 * 3) A trial period is a halfway measure. It could confuse things. If we're going to do this, we should just do it. Maurreen 06:01, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) - Keith D. Tyler  [ flame ]  06:26, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC): No, we should start doing it as soon as possible.
 * 5) Same reasons as Maurreen. Rje 06:28, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) No for the same reason as I said no to question 1: this vote has come up again too soon for my liking. Shane King 16:05, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * No, - SimonP 18:08, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. Eclecticology 20:11, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)
 * No, I don't want it at all. Intrigue 22:09, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) No. Mark Richards 22:49, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) No. RoseParks 03:19, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) No. - Amgine 06:02, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) No. If the Q1 vote is yes it should be implemented. What are we going to do with a trial? - vote if it succeeded or failed then vote again on implementation?; vote on trial xriteria? etc, etc. No thanks! TwoOneTwo 11:34, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) No. Implement it without a trial. - Drstuey 12:02, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No, I don't see that giving any new information. --fvw *  23:11, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)

Question 2 is a Dumb Question

 * 1) We should never consider any policy to be permanent. All policies should be revokable at any time, and users should be able to vote for or against them at any time. We should consider every moment of every day to be a "trial period". Lirath Q. Pynnor
 * 2) Der Eberswalder 14:22, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) What Lir said. Korath会話 03:33, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Why do we insist on having so many rules? I swear, Wikipedia has a bigger government than real governments.  I remember when we had a few hard and fast rules that were setup (like NPOV) and everything else were contradictory guidelines.  Wikipedia policy should be considered to be temporary guidelines that change as the community changes.  Stupid question. RM 14:34, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Preliminary Deletion/Vote2


text:
List of unclassified languages according to the Ethnologue

The following languages are listed as unclassified by the Ethnologue (17th edition), though in their descriptions some are identified with an established family, or have been retired as spurious. Since the 15th edition, several other unclassified languages were found to be related to known languages once better data was collected, and some, such as Amikoana and Miarrã, were found to be spurious and their ISO codes were retired. (See spurious languages.) Languages which became extinct before 1950 are the purview of Linguist List and are being gradually removed from Ethnologue; they are listed as an addendum to this page.

There are 48 unclassified languages in the 25th edition of Ethnologue published in 2022.

Africa

 * Bung language (Cameroon)
 * Gail language (a cant of South Africa)
 * Imeraguen language (Mauritania, Hassaniya-Soninke mix?) (retired)
 * Kara language (Central African Republic, Central Sudanic)
 * Kujarge language (Chad, Afroasiatic?)
 * Leti language (Cameroon)
 * Lufu language (Nigeria, Southern Jukunoid?)
 * Cameroonian Luo language (Cameroon; not to be confused with the better-known Luo language)
 * Nigerian Mawa language (Nigeria; not to be confused with the Chadian Mawa language)
 * Rer Bare language (Ethiopia, unattested)
 * Shabo language (Ethiopia)
 * Weyto language (Ethiopia, unattested)
 * Yeni language (Cameroon, Mambiloid)

North

 * Haitian Vodoun Culture language (Haiti)
 * Mangue language (Nicaragua) (Oto-Manguean)

Asia

 * Bhatola language [btl] (does not exist, requesting ISO code be retired). Bhatola is listed as unclassifiable (due to a lack of data) by Glottolog.
 * Enggano language (Indonesia) (Austronesian)
 * Majhwar language (India, possible dialect of Asuri [Mundari])
 * Malakhel language (Afghanistan) (code retired)
 * Ná-Meo language (Vietnam, possibly from Guangxi) (ethnically Hmong, said to be East Hmongic)
 * Warduji language [wrd] (Sanglechi) (code retired)
 * Waxiang (China, mixed Xiang-Hmongic?)

Europe
All cants:
 * Polari (United Kingdom)
 * Quinqui (Spain)
 * Traveller Scottish (United Kingdom)

Oceania

 * Doso language (Papua New Guinea)
 * Kembra language (Irian Jaya, Indonesia)
 * Kimki language (Irian Jaya)
 * Lepki language (Irian Jaya)
 * Molof language (Irian Jaya)
 * Murkim language (Irian Jaya)
 * Namla language (Irian Jaya)
 * Tofanma language (Irian Jaya)
 * Usku language (Irian Jaya)
 * Yetfa language (Irian Jaya)
 * Yitha Yitha language (Australia) (Ethnologue has a Ngarinyeric-Yithayithic branch of Pama-Nyungan that Yitha Yitha is traditionally classified in)

Languages maintained by Linguist List
These languages became extinct before 1950 and their ISO codes are not, or are no longer, maintained by SIL. Maintenance of additional languages extinct before 1950 is being gradually shifted from SIL to Linguist List.
 * Africa
 * Meroitic language
 * America, North
 * Adai language
 * Aranama–Tamique language
 * Beothuk language
 * Cayuse language
 * Solano language
 * Timucua language
 * America, South
 * Mochica language
 * Puquina language
 * Asia
 * Hunnic language
 * Indus Valley language
 * Kaskean language
 * Anatolia

 * Hattic language
 * Mysian language
 * Korea

 * Kara language
 * Koguryo language
 * Paekche language (incl. Puyo-Paekche)
 * Puyo language
 * Puyo-Paekche language
 * Yemaek language
 * Europe
 * Camunic language
 * Eteocretan language
 * Eteocypriot language
 * Iberian language
 * Ligurian
 * Linear A language (= Minoan)
 * Minoan language
 * North Picene language
 * Pictish language
 * Raetic language
 * Sicanian language
 * Sorothaptic language
 * Tartessian language
 * Oceania
 * Tambora language
 * Tasmanian languages


text:
Visegrad

Visegrad, meaning in Slavic languages the "upper town" (or "acropolis"), may refer to:

Places

 * Višegrad (disambiguation)
 * Vishegrad, Kardzhali Province, a village in Bulgaria
 * Vishegrad, the highest peak of Sakar Mountain in Bulgaria
 * Visegrád, a town and castle in Hungary
 * Vyšehrad, district of Prague, Czech Republic
 * Vyšehrad, a castle in Prague, Czech Republic
 * Vyšehrad (Prague Metro), the metro station that serves it

Other uses

 * Visegrád 24, a Polish social media account that reports current events
 * The Visegrád Group, a cultural and political alliance between the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia
 * The Visegrád Privilege, an important document of the Republic of Dubrovnik
 * Vyšehrad, the first movement of Má vlast, a cycle of six symphonic poems by Bedřich Smetana

title: Visegrad


text:
Citroën C4

The Citroën C4 is a car produced under their Citroën marque, from the French automaker PSA Group, and later Stellantis. It was positioned to be the successor to the Citroën Xsara. The first generation production started in September 2004. For its first two generations, the C4 was a compact car/small family car, but it has been redesigned as a subcompact crossover SUV for its third generation.

In June 2020, the third-generation C4 was released in the form of coupe SUV, abandoning the traditional C-segment hatchback/saloon body style.

Debut
To cope with the market, Citroën was dedicated and committed to building a new model that would appeal to many customers. At the Geneva Motor Show in 2004, a concept from the Citroën line's definitive made-bodied coupé revealed the willingness of the French company to employ it in competition. The car was finally unveiled at the 2004 Paris Motor Show, after being officially launched to retail on September 2, 2004. However, that version was a more domesticated hatchback coupé or five-door.

Design
The C4's design was created by a team that included Donato Coco, Jean Pierre Ploué and Bertrand Rapatel. Building on the floor of its cousin, the Peugeot 307, the C4 was immediately made available in two body variants: five-door hatchback and three-door coupé. The front is common to both versions, with the grille formed from virtual extensions of the central crest. The saloon is much more rounded and features softer shapes, so they can boast a Cd of just 0.28, while the coupe is more angular, with a rear split into two parts, including lights.

The rear window of the coupé is reminiscent of the older Honda CR-X from the early 1990s, as well as the last three-door Mazda 323C. These two versions of the C4 Picasso are more detached, taking over the grille of the saloon and coupe, but the cut of the headlamps are different, aesthetically combining corners and curves. The rear lights incorporate the design as in those of the saloon but were adapted to the different shape of the body. Internally, the dashboard features a central instrument panel that centralizes all heating and cooling controls, audio, and a satellite navigation screen. The instrument panel contains digital and analog displays of the speedometer, petrol levels, and other gauges. Lighting can be customized to change color from white to blue.

The revolution, however, is placed in canonical position, behind the wheel. The latter is multifunctional and characterized by having a fixed hub. The cabin is equipped with numerous storage compartments and the luggage compartment is regular in shape, with a capacity of 352 liters, increasing to 1,200 after lowering the rear seat backrest. The load threshold is quite high, hitting loads of heavy objects. There are laminated side windows and exterior mirrors, with a casing specially designed to prevent wind noise and improve the comfort inside.

The saloon version is manufactured in Argentina, where it is sold alongside the five-door and the imported three-door version. The C4 Saloon is exported from there to Brazil and Hungary as the C4 Pallas and to Spain, Turkey, and Greece as the C4 Sedan. A longer four-door saloon version with a different rear end is also built and sold in China as the Citroën C-Triomphe. A panel van based on the coupé bodyshell is available in some markets, including Ireland.

Technology
A major selling point of the C4 was its extensive use of technology. For example, the car features the "lane departure warning system" (only in the top-of-the-range "exclusive" model), which alerts the driver if he or she crosses a road marking without using the turn signals; directional headlights; perfume dispenser integrated into the ventilation system; translucent dashboard; transparent glass roof; electronic stability program (ESP), and a fixed steering wheel hub, which lets the driver operate several functions of the car without removing their hands from the wheel.

The fixed hub also allows for the first production use of a "shaped" driver airbag. Because the hub maintains a constant position, the airbag can be optimally shaped to spread the load across the greatest possible area of the driver's body in a collision, thus reducing the chances of serious injury. In addition, the car features an innovative centrally mounted translucent LCD speedometer display that remains clearly visible in all lighting conditions.

The car's in-car entertainment, integrated into the car's information system via VAN bus, is not Digital audio broadcasting (DAB) ready. MP3 playback is supported by the entry level audio system and high-end audio, with double-layer sound-insulated windows and integrated navigation system available as extras. In September 2007, a USB box accessory (Ref: 9702.EZ) was released to enable full iPod connectivity with the standard RD4 radio.

The C4 does not feature Citroën's Hydractive suspension, which is reserved for higher class models, such as the C5 and C6. The Picasso version can feature a pneumatic rear suspension. The C4 breaks with the past on other fronts, in particular by removing the rear autodirezionale solution, used up to that time on the Xsara and ZX. The suspension is the usual type MacPherson strut front suspension with coil springs, while the rear has interconnected wheels with torsion beam and torsion bars. The braking system includes ventilated discs on the front, and rear solid discs with ABS and ESP (not standard versions with basic fittings). The steering is rack and pinion with electro-hydraulic power steering.

2008 facelift
At the 2008 Moscow International Automobile Salon, Citroën presented a facelifted Citroën C4. Both hatchback and coupé were subject to a slight cosmetic makeover that involved the front end, which now sported a "mouth" and larger trapezoid shape. The grille was redesigned, making it slightly curved. There were also minor updates at the back. The redesign led to a slight lengthening of the car body, and was the occasion for more news: from the mechanical point of view was the arrival of the 1.6 Prince, with variable valve timing and aspiration, and turbocharged and direct injection, already mounted on the Peugeot 207 and 308, as well as the Mini. Ride comfort was improved, and the more simplified saloon and the coupe were offered for the same price. In addition, the diesel versions were available with Airdream pack, which allowed for slightly reduced emissions and consumption.

C-Triomphe / C4 Pallas / C4 Sedan
The saloon version was introduced as the Citroën C-Triomphe, a mid-size saloon automobile produced from April 2006 for the Chinese market by Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile, a joint venture between the French PSA Group (Peugeot-Citroën) and the Chinese manufacturer Dongfeng.

This new model range was designed to supplement other Chinese models, such as the Fukang and the Elysée, rather than being a direct replacement.

In April 2007, Citroën announced that the four-door C4 would be built in Argentina. The Argentinian and Brazilian versions are sold as the C4 Pallas and C4 Sedan in some South American and European markets.

The car is a notchback saloon version of the European C4 model, since the Chinese market prefers traditional three-box saloons over hatchbacks. It did not keep the designation, however, because in Chinese, the number "4" is unlucky. The saloon is much larger than the hatchback: its length is 4770 mm over the hatchback's 4260 mm and its wheelbase measures 2710 mm against 2610 mm of the hatchback. This caused the C-Triomphe saloon to be classified in the large family car class. The C-Triomphe has a number of unique features, such as an integrated air freshener, which allows the driver to choose the scent of the interior.

C-Quatre
In 2009, in China, the C-Triomphe was accompanied by the Citroën C-Quatre, a smaller (length 4588 mm, wheelbase 2608 mm), cheaper, and more fashionably styled saloon version of the C4. A hatchback C-Quatre was also manufactured et sold locally. Late 2011, the hatchback got an offroad-looked variant called C4 Cross. In 2012, Citroën unveiled a new facelift version of the whole C-Quatre range at the Shanghai Motor Show.

C4 saloon (BZ3; 2015)
In China, a saloon version simply called Citroën C4 (or by its full name, Dongfeng Citroën C4 Sega, sometimes transcribed C4 Shijia) was available from 2015 to 2019. The Citroen C4 was based on the original Citroen C-Quatre (which it quickly replaced), with the same old platforms and the same wheelbase, and both cars also share the 1.6-liter base engine. Unlike the C-Quatre, the C4 was a failure in China, with 102,597 vehicles manufactured during its whole career. More 4-door C-Quatre were sold during the year 2012 alone.

Picasso version
The C4 Picasso is the MPV version of the C4 range. It has been made available since 2006 in two versions: 5-seater C4 Picasso and 7-seater C4 Grand Picasso. The C4 Picasso received a facelift in 2010, with updated engine, headlights, and mechanics. The engine range is composed largely of the same version of the engine as used on the hatchback and coupé, plus the petrol 1.8, and was also available in bi-fuel (natural gas or LPG) in many markets.

Advertising
The car's advanced technology was the focus of a well-known television advertising campaign showing the car transforming into a giant dancing Transformer, accompanied by the song "Jacques Your Body (Make Me Sweat)" by Les Rythmes Digitales. At the end of the sequence, the robot transforms back into a car, over the slogan "Alive With Technology". The dance moves were based on the concept of a Transformers break dance routine, developed from moves recorded by the agents from Justin Timberlake's choreographer Marty Kudelka. Although the advertisement was produced by a music group from Canada, and the scenery was downtown Vancouver, the car is not available in North America. The entire sequence and scenery were digitally created. Apple Shake was used to digitally generate visual effects. This commercial has since been credited to District 9 director Neill Blomkamp.

The follow-up ad featured a similar transformer robot ice skating at high speed across a frozen lake, dodging around obstacles and executing a hockey stop in front of a group of engineers before transforming back into a car. It featured the song "Walking Away (Tocadisco Remix)" by The Egg.

The third ad broadcasting shows a third transformer robot sprinting along a road, changing to car form and back to robot form during the run. It features the song "Hungarian Dances" by Brahms. It is not on the Citroën C4 website.

The fourth ad featuring yet another transforming robot is being aired in Europe for the revamped C4. The robot struts through town showing off, accompanied by a cover version of the Bee Gees song "Stayin' Alive" by MC Lita.

In July 2007, filming began in São Paulo, Brazil, for a commercial for South America, starring North American actor Kiefer Sutherland and Argentine actress Araceli González. One month early, a controversial advertisement announcing the collision of an asteroid with planet Earth, given the appearance of real news, was used in Brazil to promote the release of C4 Pallas, and there is an asteroid named 2 Pallas.

A video game titled Citroën C4 Robot was developed by Istanbul-based developer 2GEN Studio and released on April 21, 2008. It is a free racing advergame in which the player can either create an account and try to beat another player's record or can play offline.

Debut
The second-generation Citroën C4 made its debut at the 2010 Paris Salon before it was launched in September. After its launch, it debuted at the Paris Motor Show in October 2010 and went on sale in Europe under the Citroën brand one month later. The new model was slightly bigger than the last and was only available with five doors. A three-door version was omitted by the French company because of the low sales of the previous generation three-door, and to avoid the risk of cannibalizing the DS3 sales. The derived first-generation DS4 (B75) was offered as a more stylish and luxurious alternative.

Design
Compared to the outgoing model, the average new design of the French line is less eccentric. In general, the lines are less rounded, the front is characterized by large clusters with aggressive design "cut" on the top and a "step" on the underside. Clearly visible in the front grille is the Citroën, formed by extensions of the central logo. The engine hood is made more aggressive by two longitudinal ribs, while the bumper, which is also aggressive, has a rather large mouth, flanked by two air intakes and two slots for the fog lights.

The side view shows two longitudinal ribs, one just above the line of door handles and the other at the bottom. The tail is characterized by clusters that penetrate partially into the side and partly in the boot lid. The large bumper appears massive from the rearview but at the same time, it raises the threshold for overload. The dashboard of the second C4 series is characterized by blue-lit instrumentation in different shades, combining analog and digital technology. The dashboard, with the now ever-present display, is also modern in styling, and has some ribs, especially at the top, which complement the external lines of the bodywork. The steering wheel doesn't have a fixed hub like the first generation. The seats have a sporty design, with padded side panels, but offer little lateral support. The sofa is divisible according to the now familiar pattern 60–40, but it is not tilting. The luggage compartment offers up to 408 liters for the standard, expandable up to 1,183, by lowering the rear seat backrest. The second-generation C4 received a facelift in 2015. The hatchback stayed in production until early 2018.

Engines
The second series of C4 is provided with specific tires with low rolling resistance, and out of the 200 kg of polymer used in each sample, about 30 are environmentally friendly.

The structure of the Mk2 C4, and C4-II, is derived from that of the first series: even the wheelbase was unchanged, but there are some new features in this case. To make the car more comfortable, suspension geometry was slightly modified, and new bushes are used, albeit still MacPherson struts in front and torsion beam at the rear. The brakes are disc all around, the front ones being ventilated, with ABS and ESP standard across the range. The rack and pinion steering with electro-hydraulic power steering is carried over from the previous C4. The engine range includes three petrol and four diesel engines:
 * 1.4 VTi: 1397 cc, 95 PS
 * 1.6 VTi: 1598 cc, 120 PS
 * 1.6 THP: 1598 cc, turbo, 155 PS
 * 1.6 HDi: 1560 cc, 90 PS
 * 1.6 HDi 16v: 1560 cc, 110 PS
 * 1.6 e-HDi 16v: 1560 cc, 110 PS with Start & Stop
 * 2.0 HDi 16v: 1997 cc, 150 PS

The e-HDi engine, which debuted on the C4 (and simultaneously on the C4 Picasso based on the first series), is mated to a 6-speed automatic gearbox, as well as the 1.6 engine THP. The other engines are available with a manual 5-speed (1.4 VTi, 1.6 VTi and 1.6 HDi 92 hp) or 6-speed (1.6 HDi112 hp and 2.0 HDi). The 1.6 VTi is also available with a 4-speed automatic transmission.

C4L, C4 Lounge and C4 Sedan (B73; 2012)
At the end of 2012, Citroën unveiled the saloon version called "C4L". The saloon version was designed by the new PSA Style Centre in Shanghai. It is produced for the Chinese market in the Wuhan plant, and for the Russian market in the Kaluga plant.

The platform is the same as the C4 hatchback, with the wheelbase increased by 102 mm. The engine range was composed of the 1.6 VTI Prince THP from 155 to 170 hp-metric, and the new 1.8 VTI with 135 hp-metric only for the Chinese market. All models are equipped with stop-start system.

The C4 saloon is manufactured in El Palomar, Argentina, and was planned for launch in the Latin American market in late 2013. In 2013, it contained 62% of regionally-made parts.

The name of the vehicle is C4L in China, C4 Lounge in South America and C4 Sedan in Russia.

It was facelifted in 2016 for China and Russia, and in 2017 for South America. The design of the three versions has been standardized on the occasion of this facelift.

In 2019, the Chinese model received a new interior.

In China, the C4L was discontinued in 2020. The C4 Lounge was also discontinued in Brazil late 2020, but stayed manufactured in Argentina to sold in local market until 2021. The Russian market C4 Sedan was assembled up to 2022.

Third generation (C41; 2020)
The third-generation C4 (C41) was revealed on 16 June 2020 with a coupe SUV styling. The interior receives a significant upgrade, as there are more upmarket materials and a larger, wider touchscreen. The new C4 and ë-C4 are larger and based on an all-new EMP1 platform shared with the DS 3 Crossback, Opel Mokka, Opel Corsa, Peugeot 2008 and Peugeot 208.

A four-door fastback saloon version called the C4 X was unveiled in June 2022.

Euro NCAP
The C4 in its standard European market configuration received 4 stars from Euro NCAP in 2021.

ë-C4
The electric drive version, named the ë-C4, features a 100 kW electric motor and a 50 kWh battery, capable of 350 km of range under the WLTP test.

C4 X and ë-C4 X (C43; 2022)
A longer variation of the C4 with a saloon body style, called the C4 X, was unveiled in June 2022. It is the first Citroën to be designed under Pierre Leclercq supervision. According to Citroën, the C4 X merges the elements of a fastback, a 4-door saloon and an SUV.

The C4 and the C4 X have the same wheelbase. Using the traditional saloon-style boot opening, the cargo capacity has been increased from 380 L in the C4 to 510 L in the C4 X.

An electric version, called ë-C4 X, is also available. It is the only version offered in many countries (UK, Benelux, Portugal, Germany, Austria, Nordic countries) where the ICE C4 X is not sold. However, due to customer demand the ICE C4 X was made available in the UK in June 2023

C4 Aircross (2012–2017)
The Citroën C4 Aircross is a compact SUV based on the Mitsubishi ASX and the Peugeot 4008. It was featured at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show. A four-wheel drive version of the Aircross is also available.

C4 Cactus (2014–present)

The C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover produced in PSA's Villaverde factory in Madrid, Spain since the first quarter of 2014. Sales commenced in France in June 2014. Although branded as the C4 Cactus, it is based on the smaller PF1 platform that underpins the C3 and the DS 3. In Europe, it was succeeded by the third generation C4, dropping the "Cactus" suffix.

C4 in rallying

A much-anticipated C4 World Rally Car, intended to replace the multiple World Rally Championship-winning Citroën Xsara WRC, was first sighted in 2004 with testing duties assigned to double world rally champion Carlos Sainz. Having once been earmarked for a late 2005 competitive debut, the decision by the controlling PSA Group to withdraw both Citroën and stablemates Peugeot from works participation at the end of the 2005 season led to the momentary abandonment of the project.

Since then, however, the marque etched in a comeback for the 2007 season, during which a revived C4 WRC was scheduled for its official debut, with the then-thrice world champion Sébastien Loeb as the official first driver, and Dani Sordo, the 2005 Junior World Rally Champion, later confirmed alongside him after an impressive 2006 season for the Spaniard. In their official debut at the 2007 Monte Carlo Rally, the two C4 WRCs finished 1–2, with Loeb winning ahead of Sordo. Loeb has subsequently secured the 2007, 2008, and 2009 drivers' titles, with Citroën claiming the 2008 and 2009 manufacturers' championships.

In the 2009 season, Citroën's satellite team, Citroën Junior Team, ran a C4 WRC for Evgeny Novikov, Conrad Rautenbach, and the 2008 junior world champion Sébastien Ogier. For the 2010 season, the team ran a C4 WRC for Ogier and the Formula One world champion Kimi Räikkönen. The 2003 world rally champion Petter Solberg competes in a C4 WRC for his private team. The C4 WRC was replaced by the DS3 WRC for the 2011 WRC season.

Citroën also unveiled a hybrid concept WRC car at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. The Citroën C4 WRC Hymotion4 uses a KERS system similar to that in the Peugeot 908 HY.

Awards
The first generation C4 scored second place at the 2005 European Car of the Year awards. It won the 2006 World Car Design of the Year, as well as the Autosport Rally Car of the Year in 2010

The second generation C4 (from 2010 onwards) was awarded a Euro NCAP Advanced Award for its eTouch Emergency & Assistance System.

In 2023, the Citroën ë-C4 won the category of the 'Best Used Small Electric Car' at the Carbuyer Best Used Car Awards.

Model car releases
The C4 Coupe has been produced by Majorette, Norev, and Solido, and the hatchback has been produced by Norev, and NewRay. The Citroën C4 WRC has been produced by Hot Wheels.

title: Citroën C4


text:
Unión de Santa Fe

Club Atlético Unión (mostly known as Unión de Santa Fe ) is a sports club from Santa Fe, the capital city of the Santa Fe Province, in Argentina. The club was founded on 15 April 1907. Unión is mostly known for its football team and currently plays in the Argentine Primera División.

Other sports practised at the club include basketball, futsal, gymnastics, field hockey, swimming, karate, rugby union, roller skating, and volleyball. The basketball team competes in Liga Nacional de Básquet, the top division of basketball in Argentina.

History
The club was established by a group of fourteen former members of Santa Fe Foot-ball Club, on April 13, 1907 after a meeting held in the Baragiola family on Catamarca street. Guillermo Drenner was appointed as president of the institution. Initially the club was named "Club United" after a proposal from founding member Cayetano Bossi, who alleged that the club should represent the friendship ties of the founders. The name changed to "Unión Foot-Ball Club" in 1907, remaining until 1918 when it was translated to "Club Atlético Unión" in Spanish language.

The first shirt worn was white with black collar. In 1907 a meeting was held with the purpose of chosing the club colors. Some of the models proposed were a red, white and black striped, while other members proposed a white and red striped shirt (inspired on legendary Alumni Athletic Club uniform), which finally won after being voted by the majority.

The first match played by the team was vs a San Carlos Centro on 15 May 1907, won by Unión 4–1. Unión was also a founding member (along with Argentine, Central Santa Fe, Brown, Red Star, Sarmiento, San Justo Football Club y Estudiantes de Comercio) the "Liga Regional Santafesina", where the team won the title four consecutive times. In 1910 the club moved their field to a land on Boulevard Pellegrini and San Jerónimo. In 1911 Unión requested affiliation to "Liga Rosarina de Football" which would allow them to play with stronger teams and more competitive tournaments so teams of Liga Rosarina participated in national cups with teams from Buenos Aires. The LRF accepted the request in 1912, and Unión debuted there vs. Argentino (3–3 tie). The first win in Liga Rosarina was vs Aprendices Rosarinos with the following line-up: José Luis Peíteado; Saúl Galetti, Domingo Pallavidini; José Ayala, Alfredo González, Domingo Gómez; Gregorio Aguirre, Arturo Pérez, Manuel Montenegro, Elías Pieretti, Domiciano Roa.

On 26 November 1966, Unión was promoted to the Primera División for the first time, after defeating Talleres (RE) 3–0 and winning the 1966 Segunda División title.

Unión's supporters are called "unionistas", "tatengues", while the squad is usually nicknamed "El Tate". The colours of the club consist of red and white vertical stripes.

Managed by Juan Carlos Lorenzo in 1975, Unión made a great campaign in the 1975 championship with a group of notable players such as goalkeeper Hugo Gatti, midfielders Victorio Cocco and Rubén Suñé and forwards Ernesto Mastrángelo and Leopoldo Luque among others.

In 1979 Unión played the final matches of the Nacional championship, but lost at the hands of River Plate, because the goal scored by River in the first match (with a final score of 1–1) ended up in an average over Union according to the away goals rule applied to that tournament.

Amongst the most famous footballers who played for Unión are Leopoldo Luque, World Cup winner with Argentina in 1978, and Nery Pumpido, the goalkeeper of the national team that won the World Cup in Mexico 1986.

Rivalry
Unión and Colón are the two largest football clubs in Santa Fe. The Clásico Santafesino has been played since 1913 and is known as one of football's fiercest and most important rivalries in Argentina. Unión and Colón have played 147 games all time against each other in the Amateur and Professional Era, with Unión winning 48, Colón winning 43, 51 draws and 5 no contest (there are no records for those matches, which took place between 1913 and 1917).

Current squad
.

Most goals
Top 10 all-time goalscores at clubaunion.com.ar

Most appearances
Top 10 all-time most appearances at clubaunion.com.ar

Notable players

 * To appear in this section a player must have played at least 50 games for the club and/or played officially for their national team.

 * 🇦🇷 Alberto Galateo (1927–34)
 * 🇦🇷 Julio Ávila (1948–49), (1955–56)
 * 🇦🇷 José Vicente Grecco (1949–53)
 * 🇦🇷 Victorio Cocco (1964–67)
 * 🇦🇷 Néstor Scotta (1967–69)
 * 🇦🇷 Mario Zanabria (1967–69)
 * 🇪🇸 Roberto Martínez (1970)
 * 🇦🇷 Leopoldo Luque (1971), (1973–75), (1980–81)
 * 🇦🇷 Hugo Gatti (1974–75)
 * 🇦🇷 Carlos Trullet (1974–77)
 * 🇦🇷 Rubén Suñé (1975)
 * 🇦🇷 Víctor Marchetti (1975–76), (1984)
 * 🇦🇷 Roberto Telch (1976–79)
 * 🇦🇷 Nery Pumpido (1976–81), (1991)
 * 🇧🇴 Carlos Trucco (1977–81), (1984–85)
 * 🇦🇷 Fernando Alí (1978–88)
 * 🇦🇷 Ramón Centurión (1978–85), (1991–92)
 * 🇦🇷 Osvaldo Escudero (1982–85)
 * 🇦🇷 Daniel Morón (1983–88)
 * 🇦🇷 Daniel Killer (1984–86)
 * 🇦🇷 Alberto Acosta (1986–88)
 * 🇦🇷 Ricardo Altamirano (1986–88)
 * 🇦🇷 Edgardo Arasa (1986–88)
 * 🇨🇴 Antony de Ávila (1987–88)
 * 🇦🇷 Claudio Borghi (1990–91)
 * 🇦🇷 Darío Cabrol (1990–92), (1994–00)
 * 🇦🇷 Ricardo Giusti (1991–92)
 * 🇦🇷 José Luis Marzo (1991–95), (1996–98)
 * 🇬🇭 Nii Lamptey (1997)
 * Danilo Aceval (1997–99)
 * 🇦🇷 Pablo Cavallero (1998–99)
 * 🇵🇪 Juan José Jayo (1998–00)
 * 🇻🇪 Daniel Noriega (1998–00), (2001–02)
 * 🇦🇷 Matías Donnet (1999–00), (2009–10)
 * 🇦🇷 Andrés Silvera (1999–01)
 * 🇦🇷 Daniel Tílger (1999–01)
 * 🇦🇷 Martín Zapata (1999–04), (2006–09)
 * 🇦🇷 Marcelo Mosset (1999–06), (2007–08)
 * 🇦🇷 Fernando Ortiz (2000–03)
 * 🇧🇴 Leonardo Fernández (2001)
 * 🇦🇷 Rubén Capria (2001–03)
 * 🇦🇷 Roberto Battión (2002–07)
 * 🇦🇷 Ignacio Canuto (2004–07)

Managers

 * 🇦🇷 Juan Carlos Lorenzo (1975–1976)
 * 🇦🇷 Reynaldo Volken (1977–1979)
 * 🇦🇷 Humberto Zucarelli (1988–1990)
 * 🇦🇷 Carlos Trullet (1990–1991), (1995–1998)
 * 🇦🇷 Salvador Capitano (1999)
 * 🇦🇷 Juan José López (1999)
 * 🇦🇷 Nery Pumpido (1999–2001)
 * 🇦🇷 Leonardo Madelón (2001)
 * 🇦🇷 Carlos Griguol (2002)
 * 🇦🇷 Frank Kudelka (2002)
 * 🇦🇷 Néstor Craviotto (2005–2006)
 * 🇦🇷 Carlos Trullet (2006–2007)
 * 🇦🇷 Fernando Quiroz (2008–2009)
 * 🇦🇷 Fernando Alí (2009–2010)
 * 🇦🇷 Frank Kudelka (2010–2012)
 * 🇦🇷 Nery Pumpido (2012)
 * 🇦🇷 Facundo Sava (2012–2013)
 * 🇦🇷 Leonardo Madelón (2013–2016)
 * 🇦🇷 Juan Pablo Pumpido (2016–2017)
 * 🇦🇷 Pablo Marini (2017)
 * 🇦🇷 Leonardo Madelón (2017–2020)
 * 🇦🇷 Marcelo Mosset (2020) (caretaker)
 * 🇦🇷 Juan Manuel Azconzábal (2020–2021)
 * Gustavo Munúa (2021–2023)
 * 🇦🇷 Sebastián Méndez (2023)
 * 🇦🇷 Kily González (2023–present)

Current coaching staff

 * Head coach || 🇦🇷 Kily González
 * Assistant coach || 🇦🇷 Tomás Costa
 * Assistant coach || 🇦🇷 Ricardo Dealberto
 * Goalkeeping coach || 🇦🇷 Rodrigo Llinas
 * Fitness coach || 🇦🇷 Damián Hernández
 * Fitness coach || 🇦🇷 Diego Rousse
 * Team doctor || 🇦🇷 Eduardo Wagner
 * Nutritionist || 🇦🇷 Silvia Fredes
 * Psychologist || 🇦🇷 César Palmieri
 * Fitness coach || 🇦🇷 Damián Hernández
 * Fitness coach || 🇦🇷 Diego Rousse
 * Team doctor || 🇦🇷 Eduardo Wagner
 * Nutritionist || 🇦🇷 Silvia Fredes
 * Psychologist || 🇦🇷 César Palmieri
 * Nutritionist || 🇦🇷 Silvia Fredes
 * Psychologist || 🇦🇷 César Palmieri
 * Psychologist || 🇦🇷 César Palmieri
 * Psychologist || 🇦🇷 César Palmieri

National

 * Primera B (1): 1966

Liga Santafesina de Fútbol

 * League (41) : 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1912, 1915, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1924, 1926, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1940, 1942, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1971, 1974, 1979, 1994, Apertura 2000, Apertura 2003, Apertura 2010, Apertura 2014, Clausura 2016

 * Regional Cups (7):
 * Copa Menchaca (3): 1916, 1918, 1920
 * Copa Estimulo (2): 1920, 1924
 * Copa Asociación (1): 1925
 * Copa Federación (1): 1926

 * Regional tournaments (8):
 * Preparación (2): 1935, 1937
 * Honor (2): 1938, 1939, ,
 * Absoluto (1): 1938
 * Competencia (1): 1942
 * Clasificatorio (1): 1971
 * Selectivo (1):1971

 * Notes

Other sports
The club hosts other sports such as archery, basketball, field hockey, gymnastics, martial arts, roller skating, swimming, volleyball, amongst others.

Basketball
Apart from football, basketball is the foremost sport practiced at the institution, Union's team plays in Liga Nacional de Básquet since 2021, when they won the 2021 Liga Argentina title and were promoted to the top league after 34 years.

Carlos Delfino is probably its most recognized former player, but Mario Elie a three time NBA champion (1994, 1995 y 1999), also played briefly for Unión in the Argentine League in 1987.

title: Unión de Santa Fe


text:
Borabenzene

Borabenzene is a hypothetical organoboron compound with the formula C5H5B. Unlike the related but highly stable benzene molecule, borabenzene would be electron-deficient. Related derivatives are the boratabenzene anions, including the parent [C5H5BH]−.

Adducts
Adducts of borabenzene with Lewis bases are isolatable. Since borabenzene is unavailable, these adducts require indirect methods. 4-Silyl-1-methoxyboracyclohexadiene is used as a precursor to the borabenzene:

 * + →  + MeOSiMe3

The pyridine adduct is structurally related to biphenyl. It is a yellow whereas biphenyl is colorless, indicating distinct electronic structures. The pyridine ligand is tightly bound: no exchange is observed with free pyridine, even at elevated temperatures.

 * Borabenzene adducts.png

The borabenzene-pyridine adduct behaves like a diene, not an analog of biphenyl, and will undergo Diels-Alder reactions.

 * Borabarrelene.png

title: Borabenzene


text:
Princess Alexandra of Hanover (born 1999)

Princess Alexandra of Hanover (Alexandra Charlotte Ulrike Maryam Virginia; born 20 July 1999) is a Monegasque figure skater and the fourth child of Princess Caroline of Monaco and the third of Ernst August, Prince of Hanover.

Early life and family
Alexandra was born on 20 July 1999 in Vöcklabruck, Upper Austria. She was christened on 19 September that year by Horst Hirschler, Landesbischof of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover, in a ceremony at her father's hunting lodge Auerbach, near Grünau im Almtal, Upper Austria. Her godparents are her paternal aunt Alexandra, Princess of Leiningen, maternal half-sister Charlotte Casiraghi, Ulrike Ulmschneider, Maryam Sachs, Virginia Gallico, George Condo, and Eric Maier. She was named after each of her godmothers.

She has half-siblings from her parents' previous marriages. From her father's previous marriage, she has two half-brothers, Hereditary Prince Ernst August and Prince Christian of Hanover. From her mother's previous marriage, she has two half-brothers, Andrea and Pierre Casiraghi, and one half-sister, Charlotte Casiraghi. Her maternal uncle, Albert II, is the sovereign of Monaco. She is a granddaughter of American actress Grace Kelly. On her father's side, she is a descendant of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, Wilhelm II, German Emperor, and King Christian IX of Denmark. She is also a first cousin once removed of Queen Sofía of Spain and King Constantine II of the Hellenes.

Alexandra is the only one of Princess Caroline's four children who bears any royal style or title. While she is formally styled as Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra of Hanover in Monaco, she is afforded the style and title out of courtesy elsewhere. She is 13th in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne. Through her father, she was in the line of succession to the British throne until 2018, when she was confirmed into the Catholic Church.

Figure skating career
Alexandra began skating when she was ten years old after receiving ice skates as a Christmas present. When she was 11 years old, she competed at a competition in Toulon, France. At the age of 12, she competed in the "Skate 7" class at the 10th Figure Skating Championship in Monaco, finishing in second place. She was awarded the cup of the Monegasque Federation of Skating.

Alexandra represented Monaco in figure skating at the 2015 European Youth Olympic Festival in Austria and in two competitive events during the 2015–16 season at the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating.

Career results
JGP: Junior Grand Prix

Personal life
When Alexandra was 11 years old, German entertainment magazine Freizeit Revue published an article about and photographs of her competing at a figure skating competition in France. The article also covered her mother's dating life and other personal matters. Alexandra sought injunctive relief and sued the magazine, taking the case to the German Federal Court of Justice.

In March 2015, Alexandra attended Monaco's Rose Ball for the first time. However, it was not until the next year's ball that she entered the event with her family, thus gaining the notice of the society press.

In October 2018, Alexandra converted to Catholicism, thereby renouncing her distant place in the line of succession to the British throne.


text:
HP Foods

HP Foods Limited, formerly based in Birmingham, England was best known as the producer of HP, Lea & Perrins, and Daddies sauce brands. It was also the UK licensee, from Heinz, of Chinese food and condiment brand Amoy Food.

Formerly the Midlands Vinegar Company and Smedley HP Foods Limited, it was acquired by Imperial Foods, a division of Imperial Group. Edward Eastwood and his nephew Edwin Samson Moore established the Midland Vinegar Company at Aston, Birmingham in 1875.

In 1939, the Birmingham Gazette noted that H.P. Sauce Ltd. also produced H.P. Tomato Ketchup, H.P. Salad Cream, H.P. Mayonnaise and the sweet pickle, Pickante. The company's wholly owned subsidiaries included the Midland Vinegar Co., F.G. Garton & Co., Mallors (Worcester Sauce), Tower Yeast Company, and Lea and Perrins.

HP Foods Ltd was retained by Imperial's parent company Hanson plc even after the demerger of the Imperial Group. It was sold to Groupe Danone SA in 1988 for £199 million. It was sold by Danone to Heinz in June 2005 for £470 million. However, in October of that year the takeover was referred by the UK's Office of Fair Trading to the Competition Commission. After a review the Competition Commission approved the takeover and Heinz started integrating this new company into the business.

In 2007, the Aston factory was demolished, and production of HP and Daddies sauce brands was moved to the Netherlands. Bottling of Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce was returned to Worcester, having been moved in 2005 to the Aston factory. During this time, the sauce continued to be manufactured but not bottled at the Midlands Road site.

title: HP Foods


text:
Boratabenzene

Boratabenzene is the heteroaromatic anion with the formula [C5H5BH]−. Derivatives of boratabenzene are ligands akin to cyclopentadienyl anion. sandwich or half-sandwich type complexes of many transition metals have been reported. Electronically related heterocycles are adducts of borabenzene. The adduct C5H5B·pyridine exhibits properties of boratabenzene anion, i.e., it has the character C5H5B−-N+C5H5.

title: Boratabenzene


text:
Talk:Ford Focus

2019 Ford Focus Proven?
There is a section that says about the new 2019 Focus. Is there any proof of this?

Prodigy55 (talk) 00:37, 23 June 2017 (UTC)

 * This as well as results on Google seem to confirm one's in the pipeline, Ofcourse things like production years etc are more or less speculation however more info will probably be released in a few weeks or months so deleting the section is rather pointless when there's tons of sources all of which probably has the relevent info on. – Davey 2010 Talk 01:50, 23 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Prices and issues
I have reverted again, because despite claims, on the road costs are never fixed. Dealers will always offer variances - whether up or down. I have also addressed the concerns raised by fixing the grammar and other issues, such as removing "Focus" from many sentences which is not necessary as it's intrinsic to the article. I've also removed the section referring to the manual transmission, as this is directly contradicted by a sentence above it which states "Transaxles include the 8F24 8-speed automatic standard on 1.5 EcoBoost, 6-speed manual standard on ST, with a 7-speed automatic a no-cost option. A 6-speed automatic was previously offered on Ambiente models" and "The ST comes with a six-speed manual as standard with a seven-speed automatic a no-cost option."

Please discuss your reasons here, rather than simply adding them back in. Appreciate the edit summaries, but here is better. Chaheel Riens (talk) 12:33, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

 * The prices that were stated in the text were the Manufacturers Suggested Retail Price,then acknowledgment of the costs to get it on the road. variances in pricing from differences in on-road costs, or dealers offering different prices doesn't change what the manufacturer suggest the retail price is, it was not stated that 'you can buy a Focus Trend for $25,990', it was The Focus Trend starts at $25,990 plus on-road costs, because that is a true statement that the MSRP is $25,990.

 * The reiteration of the ST variant having a 6-speed manual as standard, with a 7 speed automatic a no cost option was there to highlight the fact that that is what the ST offers, and how that differs to the other models in the line up, they're not one line after another, there is about 800 words separating them. Autonomousemergencybraking (talk) 13:25, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Another editor has also removed the prices so that's a moot point, but with regard to the transmission - there's approx 140 words separating them, not 800 as the second statement "The ST comes with a six-speed manual as standard with a seven-speed automatic a no-cost option" is in the immediately preceding paragraph which is exclusively regarding the ST and spec. Chaheel Riens (talk) 15:22, 24 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Between the third paragraph where the ST transmissions are mentioned, and the ninth paragraph about the ST and it’s spec, there is 533 words that are in between. The ST is mentioned last and there is a large word gap between first and second mention of the ST exclusive transmissions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Autonomousemergencybraking (talk • contribs) 02:35, 25 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Nevertheless, the transmission detials are already covered in the preceding paragraph - and of course you're also missing the point that the previous details contradict the removed statement as they state "The ST comes with a six-speed manual as standard with a seven-speed automatic a no-cost option", whereas the removed comment says that a manual transmission is not available on the ST.
 * PS: Please indent your replies, rather than relying on me to do it for you.  Chaheel Riens (talk) 10:15, 25 December 2019 (UTC)

 * The original said 'a manual or a sedan isn't available on non-performance models', directly saying non-performance indication that performance models aren't included in not have a manual transmission. I can see how the sedan part is incorrect as it can be read as a sedan being available on performance models, but it does say a manual isn't available on non-performance models. Performance models = ST — Preceding unsigned comment added by Autonomousemergencybraking (talk • contribs) 01:31, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

There's no point in continuing this if you're going to bury potentially good points under childish behaviour. Grow up. Chaheel Riens (talk) 09:13, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Are you seriously the wikipedia Police? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Autonomousemergencybraking (talk • contribs) 14:13, 26 December 2019 (UTC)
 * And can you sign your posts as well, as per Signatures please. Chaheel Riens (talk) 23:07, 26 December 2019 (UTC)

Image

I came to propose (more of asking for previous edit to be roll backed) a edit change. A now blocked IP user replaced the hatchback image of the fourth generation Ford Focus to the Chinese saloon one despite already having a good rear image of the saloon one in the article and that same saloon image got passed over to when the fourth generation section became it own article. I want to be sure that anyone else is fine with reverting to the previous image. Thanks. --Vauxford (talk) 14:10, 22 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Reverted - Vauxford - The IP would need to get consensus for his changes not you, Your image is far more better and without a doubt other people would think the exact same. If the IP has a problem they can come here and get consensus. – Davey 2010 Talk 14:34, 22 August 2020 (UTC)

Ford Focus production to end in 2025???
Nicholas Herak (talk) 18:01, 27 June 2022 (UTC) I just found out that production of Ford Focus will end in 2025 as Ford switches over to electric vehicles. And also the Saarlouis plant could be closed the same year. Is it confirmed or not? Thanks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nicholas Herak (talk • contribs) 17:58, 27 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ford Focus


text:
VLF transmitter DHO38

The VLF transmitter DHO38 is a VLF transmitter used by the German Navy near Rhauderfehn, Saterland, Germany. It is used to transmit coded orders to submarines of the German Navy and navies of other NATO countries.

DHO38 has transmitted since 1982 on 23.4 kHz with a power of up to 800 kilowatts. DHO38 uses an umbrella antenna which is carried from 8 steel tube masts with a height of 352.8 metres. Each pylon stands on 3 metre tall ceramic cylinders, which serve as insulators for voltages up to 300 kV. The masts are equipped with cylindrical oscillation dampers for better protection against storms. The transmitter is capable of transmitting signals to submarines worldwide to depths of approx. 30 metres.

title: VLF transmitter DHO38


text:
SEAT Arosa

The SEAT Arosa (Typ 6H) is a city car that was manufactured by the Spanish automaker SEAT from 1997 to 2004. The model débuted in March 1997 at the Geneva Motor Show, while its facelifted version was presented in October 2000 at the Paris Motor Show. It shared a platform with the Volkswagen Lupo and was mostly identical apart from equipment, styling and trim levels.

The successor, SEAT Mii, started production in December 2011.

Pre facelift (1997–2000)
Named after Vilagarcía de Arousa, a municipality in the province of Pontevedra, Spain, it was only available as a three door, four-seater hatchback.

The Arosa, launched in 1997, was to a large extent identical to Volkswagen's own city car, which was introduced later in the end of 1998, Volkswagen Lupo, and both cars were based on the Volkswagen Group A00 platform, a shortened version of the A03 platform used by the larger Volkswagen Polo and SEAT Ibiza.

The Czech motor vehicle manufacturer, Škoda, also planned their own version of the Arosa by 1998, but it was never officially introduced.

The Arosa was initially manufactured at a Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg, Germany, and only in May 1998 was the production moved to SEAT facilities in Martorell, Spain. The Arosa was designed by the same man who designed the Bugatti Veyron 16.4, Jozef Kabaň. Production lasted from February 1997 to August 2000.

Facelift (2000–2004)
The model later received a facelift in October 2000. The Arosa replaced the SEAT Marbella in the Spanish brand's lineup, but itself was not replaced by any SEAT, when production ceased in July 2004. A successor eventually arrived in January 2012, with the Mii. Apart from its exterior restyling, the facelift model featured a restyled interior, with a new dashboard.

Due to the decision taken by Volkswagen, to use the Fox instead of developing any genuine replacement for the Lupo, resulted in SEAT being unable to produce their own version. In the United Kingdom, 2,500 Arosas found homes in the country in 2003, accounting for around seven per cent of the firm’s sales. Production lasted from September 2000 to July 2004.

..

Engines
The Arosa was available with the following units:

Petrol engines
 * 1.0 L (999 cc) I4, 8v OHC, 37 kW (50 PS), 86 N·m (63.4 ft·lbf)
 * 1.4 L (1390 cc) I4, 8v OHC, 44 kW (60 PS), 116 N·m (85.6 ft·lbf)
 * 1.4 L (1390 cc) I4, 16v DOHC, 74 kW (101 PS), 128 N·m (94.4 ft·lbf)

Diesel engines
 * 1.4 L (1422 cc) TDI I3, 6v OHC, 55 kW (75 PS), 195 N·m (143.8 ft·lbf)
 * 1.7 L (1716 cc) SDI I4, 8v OHC, 44 kW (60 PS), 115 N·m (84.8 ft·lbf)

All engines came with a five speed manual transmission, with a four speed automatic optional on the 1.4 (44 kW).

Concept models
At the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2001, SEAT presented two SEAT Arosa based concept cars:
 * the  'SEAT Arosa Racer'
 * the  'SEAT Arosa City Cruiser'

Sales and production figures
Since its launch in 1997 up to 2004, more than 175,000 SEAT Arosa cars have been sold and produced.

The total production per year of SEAT Arosa cars, manufactured in SEAT and other Audi/Volkswagen group plants, is shown below :

Awards

 * Golden Steering Wheel 1997
 * Utilitário do Ano Award 1998, in Portugal

title: SEAT Arosa


text:
User talk:Testudo aubreii

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Viriditas 13:19, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Testudo aubreii


text:
Karl Ristenpart

Karl Ristenpart (26 January 1900 – 24 December 1967) was a German conductor.

Career
Born in Kiel, Germany, he studied at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin and in Vienna. He was heavily involved in creating three orchestras in his lifetime, most notably the Chamber Orchestra of the Saar. With this group he created one of the earliest recorded collections of Bach's orchestral music. These recordings were made between 1954 and 1967 as Les Discophiles Français, Erato and Club Français du Disque releases in France and appeared then under license with various American labels (notably Nonesuch) on both LP and cassette.

Following an out-of-print period, in 2000 the French Accord label, Universal released a six-CD set comprising the entire set of Ristenpart recordings of Bach orchestral works. The conductor and his colleagues from Saarbrücken also recorded performances of works by Mozart and Haydn, among others. The lasting fame he received for these interpretations of Baroque and early Classical music overshadowed the fact that with his Saar orchestra he actually recorded works by approximately 230 composers, at least half of them belonging to the 20th century, for the Saar radio. A possible influence in this direction was Hermann Scherchen, with whom Ristenpart's mother was acquainted before 1914 and to whom she was married between 1919 and 1920. (Hermann Scherchen was a politically active conductor responsible for the premiere performances of what were at the time controversial pieces by composers such as Berg and Xenakis.)

In 1932 Ristenpart became the conductor of a little string ensemble in Berlin, whose core was composed of women friends of his wife, the pianist and harpsichordist Ruth Christensen. This ensemble came to be known as the Karl Ristenpart Chamber Orchestra and often played for the Berlin radio and the Deutschlandsender, mostly for exhausting live night broadcasts abroad. But Ristenpart's career as a promising young conductor in Germany was hobbled by his refusal to join the Nazi Party.

Following World War II, Ristenpart returned to devastated Berlin and put works by Gustav Mahler, his favorite composer, on the program of his first public concert in the summer of 1945. With Berlin divided into several foreign sectors, his unblemished political record allowed him to be named conductor for the "Radio in the American Sector" of Berlin (RIAS). In 1946 he thus started to record music, from Monteverdi to Stravinsky, with the forces of his former Karl Ristenpart Chamber Orchestra, supplemented by vocal soloists and top musicians from other Berlin orchestras, under the label "RIAS-Choir and Chamber Orchestra". This constituted the second of his important periods of orchestra development and the beginning of his breakthrough to international fame as a conductor, which was mostly built on his ambitious J.S. Bach concert cycle from March 1947 to December 1952. From this period dates the legendary Archiv production featuring baritone Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau and Hermann Töttcher playing oboe and oboe da caccia in Bach's cantatas Ich will den Kreuzstab gerne tragen, BWV 56 and Ich habe genug, BWV 82. But the worsening of the post-war political situation in Germany in the early 1950s, particularly in Berlin where circulating between the various sectors became increasingly difficult, also created financial problems for radio broadcasting. When it became clear at the end of 1952 that the RIAS could not go on subsidizing all its orchestras, Ristenpart accepted an offer to create a new chamber orchestra for the Saar radio, with which he was also to produce LPs for Les Discophiles français (an unusual arrangement linked to the fact that the "autonomous" Saar region was still under French administration at the time).

Ristenpart began working in the summer of 1953 as conductor of the Saar Chamber Orchestra, which, out of an initial 16, included 10 young musicians who had come along with him from Berlin. Among them were the Hendel Quartet, whose leader, Georg Friedrich Hendel, became the orchestra's first violin soloist. The ensuing collaboration with top French instrumental soloists was especially fruitful, leading to many tours, recordings and partnerships with soloists such as flautist Jean-Pierre Rampal and the members of his wind ensemble Le Quintette à vent Français. Some 170 LP-records featuring Ristenpart and his Saar Chamber Orchestra have been marketed under license by various record companies all over the world. These include two complete sets of the Brandenburg concertos, the Orchestral Suites and The Art of Fugue, several albums of Bach vocal cantatas, many Telemann, Vivaldi, many Mozart and Haydn works, but also award-winning records of Britten, Roussel and Hindemith pieces.

In December 1967, Ristenpart suffered a heart attack while on tour in Portugal with the chamber orchestra of the Gulbenkian Foundation and died in a Lisbon hospital on Christmas Eve. The Chamber Orchestra of the Saar was unable to survive long the dimming of its guiding light. After four years under the baton of the reputable cellist Antonio Janigro, and the death in a car accident of its core musicians, first-violin Georg Friedrich Hendel and his wife Betty Hindrichs-Hendel, first-cellist, it merged with the Saarbrücken Radio Symphony Orchestra in 1973.

Discography
Original LP recordings

Karl Ristenpart left :

- only one LP of his production with his Chamber Orchestra in Berlin (Archiv 14004 with Bach cantatas 56 and 82 interpreted by Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau and Hermann Töttcher);

- 169 LPs with the Saar Chamber Orchestra, of which 2 were made in Germany (Archiv and Elektrola) and 167 in France (2 Lumen, 4 Club National du Disque, 1 Harmonia Mundi, 95 Les Discophiles Français, 24 Erato, 42 Club Français du Disque);

- 4 with the Radio Symphony Orchestra Stuttgart (Checkmate, USA).

Reissues as CDs

- Archiv 14004 with cantatas 56 and 82 was reissued by Polydor International/DG Classics in 1997 and again since.

- several LPs of Club Français du Disque, Musidisc and Erato with Bach, Mozart and Haydn works were reissued as CDs in the 1980s and 1990s under the labels Accord or Erato (see www.amazon.fr);

- ACCORD/UNIVERSAL issued a 6-CD set with Bach orchestral works (including the Brandenburgs, the Suites and The Art of Fugue) in 2000; a 4-CD set entitled "L'art de Teresa Stich-Randall" which includes sacred compositions by Bach, Handel, Mozart and Schubert in which the soprano is accompanied by Ristenpart’s Saar Orchestra, in 2005; a double-CD set with cantatas 56, 82, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140, Gott soll allein mein Herze haben, BWV 169, Coffee Cantata, and 212 in 2006.

- a wide selection of Ristenpart recordings which had been issued as LPs by Nonesuch can be ordered as CDs in the USA from www.rediscovery.us;

- the Association Jean-Pierre Rampal has started reissuing most of the early Saar radio tapes (1954–1985) with Ristenpart’s orchestra and French soloists as CD sets under its label Premiers Horizons Disques (www.jprampal.com). Works of Frank Martin, Willy Burkhard, Peter Mieg, Jean-Michel Damase and others.

- "The RIAS Bach Cantatas Project" Audite 21415 is a 9-CD set issued in 2012 taken from the RIAS-Berlin archives (today with Deutschlandradio Kultur) of 29 Bach Cantatas among the 70 recorded by Karl Ristenpart in the period from 1949 to 1952 (planned initially as a complete recording). These studio recordings include J.S. Bach Cantatas BWV 4, BWV 19, 21, 22, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 42, 47, 52, 56, 58, 73, 76, 79, 88, 106, 108, 127, 140, 160, 164, 176, 178, 180, 199, and 202). KARL RISTENPART conducts the RIAS Kammerorchester, the RIAS Kammerchor, the RIAS Knabenchor and the following soloists: Helmut Krebs | Agnes Giebel | Ingrid Lorenzen | Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau | Walter Hauck | Gunthild Weber | Annelies Westen | Johanna Behrend | Marie-Luise Denicke | Lorri Lail | Lilo Rolwes | Gerhard Niese | Edith Berger-Krebs | Gertrud Birmele | Charlotte Wolf-Matthäus | Gerda Lammers.

title: Karl Ristenpart


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John Wilkinson

John Wilkinson may refer to:

Politicians

 * John Denison (MP) (John Wilkinson, c. 1758–1820), British MP for Wootton Bassett 1796–1802, for Colchester 1802–1806, and for Minehead 1807–1812
 * John Alexander Wilkinson (1789–1862), judge and political figure in Upper Canada
 * John Wilkinson (Florida politician) (1848–1891), state legislator during the Reconstruction era
 * John Wilkinson (Australian politician) (1853–?), Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly 1889–1895
 * John Wilkinson (British politician) (1940–2014), Conservative Party
 * John Wilkinson (Canadian politician) (active since 1999), Canadian politician from Ontario
 * John Wilkinson (Georgia politician) (born 1955), state senator from Georgia (U.S. state)

Sports

 * John Wilkinson (Gloucestershire cricketer) (1876–1948), English cricketer
 * John Wilkinson (Scottish footballer) (1886–1918), Scottish footballer
 * John Wilkinson (footballer, born 1887), English footballer for Manchester City
 * John Wilkinson (Worcestershire cricketer) (1892–1967), English cricketer
 * John Wilkinson (Watford footballer) (active 1921–1924), English footballer of the 1920s
 * John Wilkinson (ice hockey) (1911–1970), Canadian professional ice hockey player
 * John Wilkinson (footballer, born 1949) (1949–2007), English footballer
 * John Wilkinson (footballer, born 1979), Singaporean/British footballer playing in the S.League
 * John Wilkinson (football manager), manager of Grantham Town F.C. from 1999 to 2003

Others

 * John Wilkinson (President of Magdalen) (1588–1650), English churchman and academic
 * John Wilkinson (industrialist) (1728–1808), British industrialist who suggested the use of iron for many roles
 * John Wilkinson (1780–1796), American colonist, first son of James Wilkinson
 * John Gardner Wilkinson (1797–1875), English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist
 * John Wilkinson (Syracuse pioneer) (1798–1862), lawyer and first postmaster, named the Syracuse city, son of the colonist
 * John Wilkinson (CSN) (1821–1891), officer in the Confederate States Navy, commanded CSS Chickamauga
 * John F. N. Wilkinson (1832–1912), American librarian
 * John Grimshaw Wilkinson (1856–1937), British botanist
 * John Wilkinson (Franklin automobile) (1868–1951), invented the Franklin automobile air-cooled engine, grandchild of the Syracuse pioneer
 * John Frederick Wilkinson (1897–1998), British physician and medical researcher
 * John Wilkinson (sound engineer) (1920–2002), American sound engineer and Academy Award winner
 * John Donald Wilkinson (1929–2018), Anglican priest and Bible scholar
 * John C. Wilkinson (active since 1964), academic scholar on Islamic studies
 * John Wilkinson (entrepreneur) (active 1982–2013), British steel businessman and chairman of Salford City Reds Rugby League Club
 * John Wilkinson (guitarist) (1945–2013), American rhythm guitarist with Elvis Presley's TCB Band
 * John Wilkinson (poet) (born 1953), British poet
 * John Wilkinson (chemist) (born 1961), introduced the first degree (BSc) course in herbal medicine in the UK

title: John Wilkinson


text:
Talk:Vinegar Joe

How do we split up btw. The General and the R&B-Band Vinegar Joe (band) on this page?

 * Made it into a disambig page - odds are that references to each will be about equal in number. Stan 17:10, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vinegar Joe


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User talk:Tjp68

Welcome!

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title: User talk:Tjp68


text:
User talk:Albron

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

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title: User talk:Albron


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Panciu

Panciu is a town in Vrancea County, Romania. It lies on the river Șușița, in the southern part of Western Moldavia, 30 km northwest of Focșani. It has a population of approximately 7,600. It administers five villages: Crucea de Jos, Crucea de Sus, Dumbrava, Neicu and Satu Nou.

The town is located in the east-central part of the county, on the banks of the Șușița River. The region is famous for its white wines but also for its sparkling wines (white, red and rosé).

Writer Ioan Slavici died in Panciu in 1926, and was buried at the hermitage within Brazi Monastery.

Natives

 * Stelian Isac
 * Dan Nica

title: Panciu


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User:EinZweiDrei

STR - 14 DEX - 10 CON - 15 INT - 16 WIS - 16 CHA - 15

True Neutral Human Bard

title: User:EinZweiDrei


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User talk:Hardwick

Cleared page Hardwick 19:59, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hardwick


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Glide (API)

Glide is a 3D graphics API developed by 3dfx Interactive for their Voodoo Graphics 3D accelerator cards. It started as a proprietary API, and was later open sourced by 3dfx. It was dedicated to rendering performance, supporting geometry and texture mapping primarily, in data formats identical to those used internally in their cards. Wide adoption of 3Dfx led to Glide being extensively used in the late 1990s, but further refinement of Microsoft's Direct3D and the appearance of full OpenGL implementations from other graphics card vendors, in addition to growing diversity in 3D hardware, eventually caused it to become superfluous.

Glide wrappers and emulators
Glide emulator development has been in progress since the late 1990s. During 3dfx's lifetime, the company was aggressive at trying to stop these attempts to emulate their proprietary API, shutting down early emulation projects with legal threats. However, just before it ceased operations and had its assets purchased by Nvidia, 3dfx released the Glide API, along with the Voodoo 2 and Voodoo 3 specifications, under an open source license, which later evolved into an open source project.

title: Glide (API)