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List of eponymous adjectives in English

An eponymous adjective is an adjective which has been derived from the name of a person, real or fictional. Persons from whose name the adjectives have been derived are called eponyms.

Following is a list of eponymous adjectives in English.

A–C

 * Aaronic – Aaron (as in Aaronic Priesthood)
 * Abbasid – Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (as in Abbasid dynasty)
 * abelian – Niels Henrik Abel (as in Abelian group)
 * Abrahamic – Abraham (as in Abrahamic religions)
 * Adamic – Adam (as in Adamic language); also Adamite (as in pre-Adamite race)
 * Addisonian – Thomas Addison (as in Addisonian crisis)
 * Adlerian – Alfred Adler (as in Classical Adlerian psychology)
 * Aegean – Aegeus, of Greek mythology (as in Aegean Sea)
 * Aeolian – Aeolus, of Greek mythology (as in Aeolian Islands); also Eolian (as in Eolian processes)
 * Aeschylean – Aeschylus (as in Aeschylean silence)
 * Aesopian – Aesop the Ancient Greek fabulist. (Also, conveying an innocent meaning to an outsider but a hidden meaning to a member of a conspiracy or underground movement.)
 * Ahmadiyya – Ahmad (as in Ahmadiyya)
 * Aldine – Aldus Manutius (as in Aldine Press)
 * Alexandrine – Alexander the Great (as in Alexandrine verse); also Alexandrian (as in Alexandrian period)
 * American – Amerigo Vespucci
 * Amish – Jakob Ammann
 * Ampèrian – André-Marie Ampère (as in Ampèrian loop)
 * Anacreontic – Anacreon
 * Andrean – Andrew the Apostle (as in Andrean High School)
 * Antonian – St. Anthony the Great (as in Antonian monasticism); Antoninus Pius (as in Nervan-Antonian dynasty)
 * Antonine – Antoninus Pius (as in Antonine Wall); Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (as in Antonine Plague)
 * Apollonian – Apollo, of Greek mythology (as in Apollonian Oracle); Apollonius of Perga (as in Apollonian gasket)
 * Archimedean – Archimedes (as in Archimedean screw)
 * Arian – Arius
 * Aristotelian – Aristotle (as in Aristotelian logic)
 * Arminian – Jacobus Arminius
 * Arsacid – Arsaces I of Parthia (as in Arsacid dynasty)
 * Arthurian – King Arthur (as in Arthurian legend)
 * Artinian – Emil Artin (as in Artinian ring)
 * Ashmolean – Elias Ashmole (as in Ashmolean Museum)
 * Asimovian – Isaac Asimov (as in Asimovian robot)
 * Athanasian – St. Athanasius (as in Athanasian Creed)
 * Athenian – Athena, of Greek mythology
 * Atlantean – Atlas; also Atlantic
 * Augustan – Caesar Augustus (as in Augustan drama)
 * Augustinian – St. Augustine (as in Augustinian Order)
 * bacchanal – Bacchus, of Roman mythology; also "bacchanalian"
 * Bachian – Johann Sebastian Bach
 * Baconian – Francis Bacon (as in Baconian cipher)
 * Baháʼí – Bahá'u'lláh (as in Baháʼí Faith)
 * Bakerian – Henry Baker (as in Bakerian Lecture)
 * Bakhtinian – Mikhail Bakhtin
 * Ballardian – J. G. Ballard
 * Bangsian – John Kendrick Bangs (as in Bangsian fantasy)
 * Barthesian – Roland Barthes
 * Batesian – Henry Walter Bates (as in Batesian mimicry)
 * Bayesian – Thomas Bayes (as in Bayesian probability)
 * Beethovenian – Ludwig van Beethoven
 * Benedictine – Benedict of Nursia (as in Benedictine Rule)
 * Benthamite – Jeremy Bentham (as in Benthamite Utilitarianism)
 * Berkeleyan  – George Berkeley (as in Berkeleyan idealism)
 * Blairite – Tony Blair
 * Bodleian – Thomas Bodley (as in Bodleian Library)
 * Bohmian – David Bohm (as in Bohmian mechanics)
 * Bolivarian – Simón Bolívar (as in Bolivarian Revolution)
 * Boolean – George Boole (as in Boolean algebra, Boolean logic)
 * Borgesian – Jorge Luis Borges
 * Boulléesque – Etienne-Louis Boullée
 * Bradmanesque – Donald Bradman
 * Brahmsian – Johannes Brahms
 * Brechtian – Bertolt Brecht (as in Brechtian acting)
 * Brownian – Robert Brown (as in Brownian motion)
 * Brunonian – John Brown, the doctor (as in Brunonian system of medicine)
 * Buddhist – Gautama Buddha (as in Buddhist rosary)
 * Burkean – Edmund Burke (as in Burkean conservatism)
 * Byronic – Lord Byron (as in Byronic hero)
 * Caesarean – often incorrectly attributed to Julius Caesar (as in Caesarean section)
 * Calvinist – John Calvin (as in Calvinist Church)
 * Capetian – Hugh Capet (as in Capetian dynasty, Direct Capetians)
 * Capraesque – Frank Capra
 * Carolean – Charles II of England (as in Carolean style)
 * Carolean – Charles XI of Sweden and Charles XII of Sweden (as in Carolean soldiers)
 * Caroline – Charles I of England (as in Caroline era); also Carolinian
 * Carolingian – Charlemagne (as in Carolingian dynasty)
 * Carrollian – Lewis Carroll, pseudonym of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
 * Carterian – James Carter (as in In Carterian Fashion)
 * Cartesian – René Descartes (as in Cartesian coordinate)
 * Catilinarian – Catiline (as in Catilinarian conspiracy)
 * Chandleresque – Raymond Chandler
 * Chaucerian  – Geoffrey Chaucer (as in Chaucerian stanza)
 * chauvinistic – Nicolas Chauvin
 * Chekhovian – Anton Chekhov
 * Chestertonian – G. K. Chesterton
 * Chomskyan – Noam Chomsky; also Chomskian
 * Chopinesque – Frédéric Chopin
 * Chretienite - Jean Chrétien
 * Christian – Jesus Christ
 * Churchillian – Winston Churchill
 * Churrigueresque – José Benito de Churriguera
 * Ciceronian – Cicero
 * Clarissine – Clare of Assisi
 * Claudian – Claudius (as in Julio-Claudian dynasty)
 * Clintonian – Bill Clinton
 * Columbian – Christopher Columbus (as in Columbian Exchange)
 * Confucianist – Confucius
 * Constantinian – Constantine I (as in Constantinian dynasty)
 * Coolidgean – Calvin Coolidge
 * Copernican – Nicolaus Copernicus (as in Copernican heliocentrism)
 * Cronenbergian – David Cronenberg
 * Cromwellian – Oliver Cromwell
 * Croonian – William Croone (as in Croonian Lecture)
 * Cushingoid – Harvey Cushing – American physician
 * Cyrillic – St. Cyril (as in Cyrillic)

D–F

 * daedal – Daedalus, of Greek mythology; also Daedalic and Daedalian or Daedalean
 * Daliesque – Salvador Dalí
 * Daltonian – John Dalton
 * Dantesque – Dante Alighieri; also Dantean
 * Darwinian – Charles Darwin (as in Darwinian literary studies)
 * Davidic – David (as in Davidic line)
 * Deleuzian – Gilles Deleuze
 * Dengist – Deng Xiaoping
 * Derridean – Jacques Derrida (as in Derridean deconstruction)
 * desarguesian – Girard Desargues (as in desarguesian plane)
 * Dickensian – Charles Dickens
 * Dickinsonian – Emily Dickinson
 * Diogenean – Diogenes of Sinope
 * Dionysian – Dionysus, of Greek mythology (as in Dionysian Mysteries); Dionysius Exiguus (as in Dionysian era)
 * Diophantine – Diophantus (as in Diophantine equation)
 * Dobsonian – John Dobson (as in Dobsonian telescope)
 * Dominican – Saint Dominic (as in Dominican Order)
 * Dostoevskian – Fyodor Dostoevsky; also Dostoyevskian
 * draconian – Draco
 * Dulcinian – Fra Dolcino
 * dylanesque – Bob Dylan
 * Edisonian – Thomas Edison (as in Edisonian approach)
 * Edwardian – King Edward VII
 * Edwardine – Edward VI, (as in Edwardine Ordinals)
 * Edwardsian – Jonathan Edwards
 * Einsteinian – Albert Einstein
 * Eliotic – T. S. Eliot
 * Elizabethan – Queen Elizabeth I (as in Elizabethan era)
 * Emersonian – Ralph Waldo Emerson (as in Emersonian perfectionism)
 * Enochian – Enoch (as in Enochian magic)
 * epicurean – Epicurus
 * Erasmian – Erasmus (as in Erasmian Reformation)
 * erotic – Eros, of Greek mythology
 * Euclidean – Euclid (as in Euclidean geometry, Euclidean algorithm)
 * Eulerian – Euler (as in Eulerian path)
 * Euripidean – Euripides
 * Eustachian – Eustachius (as in Eustachian tube)
 * Everettian – Hugh Everett III (as in Everettian quantum theory)
 * Fabian – Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus (as in Fabian strategy)
 * Fallopian – Gabriele Falloppio (as in Fallopian tube)
 * Falstaffian – Sir John Falstaff, Shakespeare's fictional character
 * Faradic – Michael Faraday
 * Fatimid – Fatima as-Zahra (as in Fatimid caliphate)
 * Faulknerian – William Faulkner
 * Faustian – Faust, Goethe's fictional character (as in Faustian deal)
 * Felliniesque – Federico Fellini
 * Flavian – Titus Flavius Vespasianus (Vespasian) (as in Flavian dynasty)
 * Fordian – Henry Ford (as in Society for the Propagation of Fordian Knowledge); also Fordist
 * Fortean – Charles Fort (as in Fortean Society)
 * Foucauldian – Michel Foucault (as in Foucauldian discourse analysis)
 * Franciscan – St. Francis of Assisi (as in Franciscan Order)
 * Franklinic – Benjamin Franklin (as in Franklinic electricity, franklinic taste)
 * Frederician – Frederick the Great (as in Frederician Rococo)
 * Freirean – Paulo Freire (as in Freirean pedagogy)
 * Freudian – Sigmund Freud (as in Freudian slip)
 * Frostian – Robert Frost
 * Fullerian – John 'Mad Jack' Fuller (as in Fullerian Professor of Chemistry)
 * Fuxian – Johann Joseph Fux (as in Fuxian Counterpoint)

G–J

 * Galilean – Galileo Galilei (as in Galilean moons)
 * Galvanic – Luigi Galvani (as in Galvanic cell)
 * Gandhian – Mahatma Gandhi (as in Gandhian economics)
 * gargantuan – Gargantua, Rabelais's fictional character
 * Gaullist – Charles de Gaulle
 * Gaussian – Carl Friedrich Gauss (as in Gaussian function)
 * Genghisid – Genghis Khan
 * Georgian – any of the first 4 Hanoverian kings of England (all named George)
 * Georgist – Henry George (as in Georgism)
 * Gilliamesque – Terry Gilliam (similar to Kafkaesque and Pythonesque, said of films, animations, and scenarios)
 * Gladstonian – William Ewart Gladstone (as in Gladstonian Liberalism)
 * Gödelian – Kurt Gödel (as in Gödelian incompleteness)
 * Goulstonian – Theodore Goulston (as in Goulstonian Lecture)
 * Gregorian – Pope Gregory I (as in Gregorian chant); Pope Gregory XIII (as in Gregorian calendar)
 * Gricean – Paul Grice (as in Gricean maxims)
 * Grundtvigian – N. F. S. Grundtvig (as in Grundtvigian Lutheranism)
 * Hadrianic – Roman emperor Hadrian
 * Handelian – George Frideric Handel
 * Hamiltonian – Sir William Rowan Hamilton (as in Hamiltonian path); Alexander Hamilton (as in Hamiltonian economic program)
 * Hamitic – Ham (as in Hamitic languages)
 * Harperite - Stephen Harper
 * Harveian – William Harvey (as in Harveian Oration)
 * Haydnesque – Joseph Haydn
 * Hayekian – Friedrich Hayek (as in Hayekian triangle)
 * Hegelian – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (as in Hegelian dialectic)
 * Heideggerian - Martin Heidegger
 * Henrician – King Henry VIII (as in Henrician Reformation); Henry III of France (as in Henrician Articles)
 * herculean – Hercules, of Greek mythology (as in herculean task)
 * hermaphroditic – Hermaphroditus, of Greek mythology
 * hermetic – Hermes Trismegistus, a mythological alchemist (as in hermetic seal)
 * Hermitian – Charles Hermite (as in Hermitian matrix)
 * Herodian – Herod the Great (as in Herodian dynasty)
 * Heronian – Hero of Alexandria (as in Heronian triangle)
 * Hilbertian – David Hilbert (as in Hilbertian field)
 * Hippocratic – Hippocrates (as in Hippocratic Oath)
 * Hitchcockian – Alfred Hitchcock
 * Hitlerian – Adolf Hitler
 * Hobbesian – Thomas Hobbes
 * Holmesian – Sherlock Holmes, Conan Doyle's fictional character; also Sherlockian
 * Homeric – Homer
 * Horatian – Horace (as in Horatian satire)
 * Humean – David Hume
 * Hunterian – William Hunter (anatomist) (as in Hunterian Museum)
 * Hussite – Jan Hus (as in Hussite Wars)
 * Hutterite – Jacob Hutter
 * Ignatian – Ignatius of Loyola (as in Ignatian spirituality)
 * Imeldific – Imelda Marcos (meaning ostentatious; extravagant)
 * Irenic – Eirene (of Greek mythology; meaning peaceable)
 * Jacksonian – Andrew Jackson (as in Jacksonian democracy); John Hughlings Jackson (as in Jacksonian seizure)
 * Jacobean – King James I (as in Jacobean era)
 * Jacobian – Carl Gustav Jacobi (as in Jacobian matrix)
 * Jacobite – King James II (as in Jacobitism)
 * Jagiellonian – Władysław II Jagiełło (as in Jagiellonian dynasty)
 * Jamesian – Henry James
 * Japhetic – Japheth (as in Japhetic theory)
 * Jeffersonian – Thomas Jefferson (as in Jeffersonian democracy)
 * Johannine – Saint John the Evangelist (as in Johannine literature)
 * Johnsonian – Samuel Johnson
 * Jordanesque – Michael Jordan (usually denotes remarkable athletic achievement or dominance)
 * Josephite – Saint Joseph (as in Josephite Marriage or Josephite Fathers)
 * jovial – Jove/Jupiter, of Roman mythology; also Jovian
 * Joycean – James Joyce (as in Pre-Joycean Fellowship)
 * Julian – Julius Caesar (as in Julian calendar)
 * Jungian – Carl Jung (as in Jungian psychology)
 * Junoesque – Juno, of Roman mythology
 * Justinianic – Justinian I
 * Juvenalian – Juvenal (as in Juvenalian satire)

K–M

 * Kafkaesque – Franz Kafka
 * Kantian – Immanuel Kant
 * Keatsian – John Keats
 * Kemalist – Kemal Atatürk
 * Kennedyesque – John F. Kennedy
 * Keynesian – John Maynard Keynes (as in Keynesian economics)
 * Kierkegaardian – Søren Kierkegaard
 * Kimilsungist - Kim Il Sung
 * Kirbyesque – Jack Kirby
 * Kubrickian – Stanley Kubrick
 * Lacanian – Jacques Lacan (as in Lacanian psychoanalysis)
 * Lagrangian – Joseph-Louis Lagrange (as in Lagrangian point)
 * Lamarckian – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (as in Lamarckian evolution)
 * Landian – Nick Land
 * Laplacian – Pierre-Simon Laplace (as in Laplacian field, Laplacian matrix)
 * Levitical – Levi (as in Levitical priesthood)
 * Leibnizian – Gottfried Leibniz (as in Leibnizian calculus)
 * Leninist – Vladimir Lenin
 * Lilian – Aloysius Lilius (as in Lilian date)
 * Linnaean – Carl Linnaeus (as in Linnaean taxonomy)
 * Lincolnesque – Abraham Lincoln; also Lincolnian
 * Lisztian – Franz Liszt
 * Lockean – John Locke
 * Lorentzian – Hendrik Lorentz (as in Lorentzian function)
 * Lovecraftian – H. P. Lovecraft (as in Lovecraftian horror)
 * Lucan – Saint Luke the Evangelist (as in Lucan Theology)
 * Lucasian – Henry Lucas (as in Lucasian Professor)
 * Luddite – Ned Ludd
 * Lullian – Ramon Llull (as in Lullian art); also Llullian
 * Lumleian – John Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley (as in Lumleian Lectures)
 * Lutheran – Martin Luther
 * Lynchian – David Lynch
 * macadamized – John Loudon McAdam (as in macadamized system)
 * Maccabean – Judas Maccabeus (as in Maccabean revolt)
 * MacGyverian – Angus MacGyver
 * Machiavellian – Niccolò Machiavelli
 * MacIntyrean – Alasdair MacIntyre (as in MacIntyrean moral tradition)
 * Madisonian – James Madison (as in Madisonian Model)
 * Maistrean – Joseph de Maistre
 * Magellanic – Ferdinand Magellan (as in Magellanic Clouds)
 * Mahlerian – Gustav Mahler
 * Malpighian – Marcello Malpighi (as in Malpighian corpuscle)
 * Malthusian – Thomas Malthus (as in Malthusian catastrophe)
 * Manichaean – Mani
 * manueline – Manuel I of Portugal
 * Maoist – Mao Zedong
 * Marcan – Saint Mark the Evangelist, (as in Marcan Priority)
 * Marian – Mary (as in Marian apparition); Gaius Marius (as in Marian reforms)
 * Marivaudian – Pierre de Marivaux
 * Markovian – Andrey Markov (as in Markovian process)
 * Marlenesque – Marlene Dietrich (as in Marlenesque nose)
 * Marlovian – Christopher Marlowe (as in Marlovian theory)
 * martial – Mars, of Roman mythology (as in Martial arts)
 * Martinite - Paul Martin
 * Marxist – Karl Marx (as in Marxist theory); also Marxian (as in Marxian economics)
 * Maslowian – Abraham Maslow; also Maslovian
 * masochistic – Leopold von Sacher-Masoch
 * Matthean – Saint Matthew the Evangelist, (as in Matthean Exception)
 * maudlin – Mary Magdalene
 * Maxwellian – James Clerk Maxwell (as in Maxwellian distribution, Maxwellian demon)
 * mazarine – Cardinal Mazarin (as in mazarine blue)
 * McCarthyist – Joseph McCarthy
 * Melchizedek – Melchizedek (as in Melchizedek priesthood)
 * Mendelian – Gregor Mendel (as in Mendelian inheritance)
 * Mendelssohnian – Felix Mendelssohn
 * Menippean – Menippus (as in Menippean satire)
 * Mennonite – Menno Simons
 * mercurial – Mercury
 * Merovingian – Merovech (as in Merovingian dynasty)
 * Metonic – Meton (as in Metonic cycle)
 * Millian – John Stuart Mill (as in Millian theory of proper names)
 * Miltonic – John Milton; also Miltonian
 * Minkowskian – Hermann Minkowski
 * Mithridatic – Mithridates VI (as in Mithridatic Wars)
 * Mohammedan – Muhammad (as in Mohammedan art)
 * Mosaic – Moses (as in Mosaic Law, but not as in mosaic floor)
 * Mozartean – Wolfgang Mozart

N–Q

 * Napierian – John Napier (as in Napierian logarithm)
 * Napoleonic – Napoléon Bonaparte (as in Napoleonic code)
 * narcissistic – Narcissus, of Greek mythology (as in Narcissistic personality disorder)
 * Nasserist – Gamal Abdel Nasser
 * Nehruvian – Jawaharlal Nehru
 * Neronian – Nero
 * Nervan – Nerva (as in Nervan-Antonian dynasty)
 * Nestorian – Nestorius (as in Nestorian Schism)
 * Newtonian – Isaac Newton (as in Newtonian telescope)
 * Nietzschean – Friedrich Nietzsche (as in Nietzschean affirmation)
 * Nixonian – Richard Nixon
 * Noachian – Noah (as in Noachian deluge)
 * Noetherian – Emmy Noether (as in Noetherian ring)
 * Norquistian – Grover Norquist
 * Odinic – Odin
 * Odyssean – Odysseus
 * Oedipal – Oedipus, of Greek mythology (as in Oedipal complex)
 * ohmic – Georg Ohm (as in ohmic device)
 * onanistic – Onan
 * Orbanist  – Victor Orban
 * Orphic – Orpheus, of Greek mythology (as in Orphic Mysteries)
 * Orwellian – George Orwell
 * Osirian – Osiris, of Egyptian mythology
 * Ottoman – Osman I (as in Ottoman Empire)
 * Ottonian – Otto I the Great (as in Ottonian dynasty)
 * Ovidian – Ovid
 * Oxfordian – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (as in Oxfordian theory)
 * Palinian – Michael Palin (as in Palinian wit)
 * Palladian – Andrea Palladio (as in Palladian architecture)
 * Panglossian – Pangloss, Voltaire's fictional character
 * pappian – Pappus of Alexandria (as in pappian plane)
 * Paracelsian – Paracelsus
 * parkinsonian – James Parkinson (as in parkinsonian syndrome)
 * pasteurized – Louis Pasteur (as in pasteurized milk)
 * Pauline – Paul of Tarsus (as in Pauline epistles)
 * Pavlovian – Ivan Pavlov (as in Pavlovian conditioning)
 * Pecksniffian – Seth Pecksniff, Dickens' fictional character
 * Pelagian – Pelagius (as in Pelagian heresy)
 * Pepysian – Samuel Pepys
 * Periclean – Pericles (as in Periclean Athens)
 * Petrine – Saint Peter (as in Petrine primacy); also Peter the Great (as in Petrine baroque)
 * Piagetian – Jean Piaget (as in Piagetian theory)
 * Pickwickian – Samuel Pickwick, Dickens' fictional character
 * Pigouvian – Arthur Cecil Pigou (as in Pigouvian Tax)
 * Pinteresque – Harold Pinter
 * Platonic – Plato (as in Platonic love)
 * Plinian – Pliny (as in Plinian eruption)
 * Plutarchian – Plutarch
 * plutonic – Pluto, of Greek & Roman mythology (as in Plutonic theory); also plutonian
 * Pollyannish – Pollyanna, fictional character
 * Pombaline – Marquis of Pombal (as in Pombaline Downtown)
 * Popperian – Karl Popper (as in Popperian falsification)
 * Procrustean – Procrustes, of Greek mythology (as in Pombaline Downtown)
 * Promethean – Prometheus, of Greek mythology
 * protean – Proteus, of Greek mythology
 * Proustian – Marcel Proust (as in Proustian memory)
 * Ptolemaic – Ptolemy (as in Ptolemaic system); Ptolemy I Soter (as in Ptolemaic dynasty)
 * Putinist – Vladimir Putin (as in Putinist Russia)
 * Pyrrhic – Pyrrhus of Epirus (as in Pyrrhic victory)
 * Pyrrhonian – Pyrrho (as in Pyrrhonian skepticism)
 * Pythagorean – Pythagoras (as in Pythagorean theorem)
 * Pythonic – Monty Python, a more correct eponym, used by Terry Jones, for the more commonly used Pythonesque (as in Pythonic sketches)
 * Pythonesque – Monty Python, fictional character name from television comedy (as in Pythonesque humour)
 * Quirinal – Quirinus, of Roman mythology (as in Quirinal Hill)
 * quixotic – Don Quixote, Cervantes' fictional character

R–U

 * Rabelaisian – François Rabelais
 * Rachmaninovian – Sergei Rachmaninoff
 * Ramesside – Ramesses I (as in Ramesside period)
 * Randian – Ayn Rand (as in Randian hero)
 * Raphaelesque – Raphael; also Raphaelite (as in Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood)
 * Rastafarian – Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie)
 * Reaganesque – Ronald Reagan
 * Reithian – John Reith (as in Reithian principles)
 * Ricardian – David Ricardo (as in Ricardian economics)
 * Richardsonian – Henry Hobson Richardson (as in Richardsonian Romanesque)
 * Riemannian – Bernhard Riemann (as in Riemannian geometry)
 * ritzy – César Ritz
 * Rockwellian – Norman Rockwell
 * Rogerian – Carl Rogers (as in Rogerian therapy)
 * Rothbardian – Murray N. Rothbard
 * Rousseauian – Jean-Jacques Rousseau
 * Rubenesque – Peter Paul Rubens
 * Rumsfeldian – Donald Rumsfeld
 * Ruthian – Babe Ruth
 * sadistic – Marquis de Sade
 * Sambergian – Andy Samberg
 * Samsonian – Samson
 * Sapphic – Sappho (as in Sapphic love)
 * Sartrean – Jean-Paul Sartre
 * Sasanian – Sassan (as in Sasanian dynasty); also Sassanian, Sassanid
 * satanic – Satan (as in Satanic Verses)
 * Saturnine – Saturn (as in Saturnine temperament)
 * Schenkerian – Heinrich Schenker as in Schenkerian analysis
 * Schubertian – Franz Schubert
 * Seleucid – Seleucus I Nicator (as in Seleucid Empire)
 * Semitic – Shem (as in Semitic languages)
 * Senecan – Seneca (as in Senecan Tragedy)
 * Servian – Servius Tullius (as in Servian Wall)
 * Severan – Septimius Severus (as in Severan dynasty)
 * Shakespearean – William Shakespeare (as in Shakespearean authorship, Shakespearean tragedy)
 * Shavian – George Bernard Shaw (as in Shavian alphabet, Shavian reversal)
 * Sistine – Pope Sixtus IV (as in Sistine Chapel)
 * Sisyphean – Sisyphus, of Greek mythology
 * Skinnerian – B. F. Skinner (as in Skinnerian behaviorism)
 * Smithsonian – James Smithson (as in Smithsonian Institution)
 * Socinian – Faustus Socinus
 * Socratic – Socrates (as in Socratic method)
 * Solomonic – Solomon (as in Solomonic dynasty)
 * Solonian – Solon (as in Solonian Constitution)
 * Sophoclean – Sophocles
 * Spencerian – Platt Rogers Spencer (as in Spencerian script)
 * Spenserian – Edmund Spenser (as in Spenserian stanza)
 * Spielbergian – Steven Spielberg
 * Spinozist – Baruch Spinoza (as in Spinozism)
 * Stalinist – Joseph Stalin (as in Stalinist architecture)
 * stentorian – Stentor, of Greek mythology
 * Swiftian – Jonathan Swift (as in Swiftian satire) or Taylor Swift (as in Swiftian songwriting)
 * sybaritic – Sybaris
 * tantalizing – Tantalus
 * Tennysonian – Alfred, Lord Tennyson
 * terpsichorean – Terpsichore
 * Thalesian – Thales
 * Thatcherite – Margaret Thatcher
 * Theodosian – Count Theodosius (as in Theodosian dynasty)
 * thespian – Thespis
 * Thomist – St. Thomas Aquinas (as in Thomist philosophy)
 * Thomsonian – Dr. Samuel Thomson (as in Thomsonian Medicine)
 * Thoreauvian – Henry David Thoreau
 * thrasonical – Thraso, Terence's fictional character
 * Titchy – Little Tich, stage name of Harry Relph
 * Titian – Titian (as in titian-coloured)
 * Timurid – Timur (Tamerlane) (as in Timurid Empire)
 * Tironian – Marcus Tullius Tiro (as in Tironian notes)
 * Titanic – Titan (as in Titanic prime)
 * Tolkienism – J. R. R. Tolkien
 * Tolstoyan – Leo Tolstoy; also Tolstoian
 * Torricellian – Evangelista Torricelli (as in Torricellian chamber)
 * Trotskyist – Leon Trotsky; also Trotskyite
 * Trudeauvian - Pierre or Justin Trudeau
 * Trumpian – Donald Trump
 * Tychonic – Tycho Brahe (as in Tychonic system); also Tychonian
 * Umayyad – Umayya ibn Abd Shams (as in Umayyad dynasty)

V–Z

 *  Vattelian – Emer de Vattel
 * Vesalian – Vesalius
 * Vestal – Vesta, of Roman mythology (as in Vestal Virgin)
 * Victorian – Queen Victoria (as in Victorian era)
 * Virgilian – Virgil; also Vergilian
 * Vitruvian – Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (as in Vitruvian Man)
 * Voltaic – Alessandro Volta (as in Voltaic pile)
 * Voltairean – Voltaire
 * Vonnegutian – Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
 * Vygotskian – Lev Vygotsky
 * Wagnerian – Richard Wagner (as in Wagnerian rock)
 * Waldensian – Peter Waldo (as in Waldensian Church)
 * Wardian – Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward (as in Wardian Case)
 * Washingtonian – George Washington; Martha Washington (as in Washingtonian movement)
 * Wesleyan – John Wesley (as in Wesleyan Church)
 * Wavian – Evelyn Waugh
 * Whedonesque – Joss Whedon (popularized by the fan site Whedonesque.com)
 * Whitlamesque – Gough Whitlam
 * Wildean – Oscar Wilde
 * Williamite – King William III (as in Williamite War)
 * Wilsonian – Woodrow Wilson
 * Wolffian – Caspar Friedrich Wolff (a Wolffian body, as in Wolffian duct) and Christian Wolff (philosopher)
 * Woodwardian – John Woodward (as in Woodwardian Professor of Geology)
 * Wordsworthean – William Wordsworth, (as in Wadsworthean ego)
 * Wronskian – Josef Hoëné-Wroński (as in Wronskian determinant)
 * Zoroastrian – Zoroaster (Zarathustra); also Zarathustrian
 * Zwinglian – Huldrych Zwingli

title: List of eponymous adjectives in English


text:
1867 in rail transport

February events

 * February 16 – The São Paulo Railway in Brazil is opened, including an incline system on the Serra do Mar.

April events

 * April 18 – Bristol and Exeter Railway's Portishead branch, built by the Bristol and Portishead Pier and Railway Company, opens.

May events

 * May 7 – The Windsor and Annapolis Railway is incorporated in Nova Scotia.

June events

 * June 29 – The Warrington rail crash in England kills 8 people.

August events

 * August 10 – The first railway in Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) (and the first in Asia outside the Indian subcontinent) opens between Semarang and Tanggun in central Java (25 km.
 * August 21 – The rack railway at Mount Morgan, Queensland, Australia, opens between Rockhampton and Westwood via Kabra.
 * August 24 – Opening of railway over the Brenner Pass between Austria and Italy.
 * August 27 – J. Nason and J. F. Wilson, both of Boston, Massachusetts, are awarded the first U.S. patent covering level crossing gates.

September events

 * September 4 – The Boston and Albany Railroad is formed through the merger of four smaller railroads in New England.

October events

 * October – John S. Eldridge succeeds Robert H. Berdell as president of the Erie Railroad.

November events

 * November 19 – The Denver Pacific Railway and Telegraph Company incorporated.

December events

 * December 1 – Skjærdalen and Tyristrand are connected on the Randsfjorden Line in Norway.
 * December 9 – The Lyttelton rail tunnel in New Zealand of 2595m between Christchurch and the port of Lyttelton is opened.
 * December 18 – The 'Angola Horror' train wreck kills 49 people near Angola, New York when the last coach of a Lake Shore train derails and plunges down a gulley.

Unknown date events

 * Cornelius Vanderbilt acquires control of the New York Central railroad.
 * The Lehigh Valley Railroad places the first 2-10-0 steam locomotives in the world into use.
 * Construction on the Union Pacific Railroad reaches Cheyenne, Wyoming.
 * An early form of dome car is introduced in Russia.
 * Construction on the Kansas Pacific Railway reaches Salina, Kansas.

Unknown date births

 * Carl R. Gray, president of the Union Pacific Railroad 1920–1937 (d. 1939).

January deaths

 * January 5 – William Norris, American steam locomotive builder and founder of Norris Locomotive Works (b. 1802).

February deaths

 * February 7 – William Dargan, Irish railway contractor (b. 1799).

June deaths

 * June 13 - Gridley Bryant, inventor of many basic railroad technologies including track and wheels (b. 1789).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1867 in rail transport


text: Talk:Shin Ansan University

title: Talk:Shin Ansan University


text:
Plan de Sánchez massacre

The Plan de Sánchez massacre took place in the Guatemalan village of Plan de Sánchez, Baja Verapaz department, on 18 July 1982. Over 250 people (mostly women and children, and almost exclusively ethnic Achi Maya) were abused and murdered by members of the armed forces and their paramilitary allies.

The killings took place during one of the most violent phases of Guatemala's Civil War, which pitted various groups of left-wing insurgents against the government and the armed forces. After assuming power in March 1982, de facto President Gen. Efraín Ríos Montt embarked on a military campaign that largely succeeded in breaking the insurgency, but at a terrible cost in human lives and human rights violations. The massacre in Plan de Sánchez was an element in the government's scorched earth strategy, and the village was targeted because of the authorities' suspicions that the inhabitants were harbouring or otherwise supporting guerrilla groups.

After the massacre, the village was practically abandoned for a number of years, and the survivors were told that reprisals would follow if they spoke about the incident or revealed the location of the numerous mass graves they had helped to dig. With the gradual return to democracy that began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, some of the survivors felt they could start to talk about the killings without fearing for their lives. Accusations were filed with the authorities in 1992 and, in 1993, a criminal investigation was launched. However, faced with delays and other irregularities in the proceedings, and stonewalled by a National Reconciliation Law that granted amnesties to the suspected perpetrators, the survivors saw that Guatemala's domestic legal remedies were ineffective in this case. They consequently decided to lodge a complaint with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), the supranational human rights arm of the Organisation of American States, in 1996.

The IACHR began processing the complaint, received a partial recognition of the state's institutional responsibility from the democratically elected president Alfonso Portillo in the first year of his term, and finally referred the case to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for judgement and settlement. In 2004, the Inter-American Court issued two judgements, in which it established Guatemala's liability in the case and ordered an extensive package of monetary, non-monetary and symbolic forms of compensation for the survivors and the next-of-kin of the deceased.

National context
1982 was one of the bloodiest years in Guatemala's 36-year-long history of internal conflict (1960–1996).

On 23 March 1982, army troops commanded by junior officers staged a coup d'état to prevent the assumption of power by Gen. Ángel Aníbal Guevara, the hand-picked successor of outgoing president Gen. Romeo Lucas García who had won a disputed election two weeks earlier. The coup leaders asked retired Gen. Efraín Ríos Montt to negotiate the departure of both Lucas and Guevara.

Ríos Montt, who had been the candidate of the Christian Democracy Party in the 1974 presidential election and was widely regarded as having been denied his victory through fraud, accepted the appointment. He formed a three-member military junta that annulled the 1965 constitution dissolved Congress, and suspended all political parties. After a few months, he dismissed his junta colleagues and assumed the de facto title of President of the Republic; in his inaugural address, Ríos Montt – a lay pastor in the evangelical Protestant Church of the Word – stated that his presidency resulted from the will of God.

The country's guerrilla forces and their leftist allies denounced Ríos Montt, who sought to defeat the guerrilla insurgency with a combination of military action and economic reforms; in his words, "beans and rifles" (frijoles y fusiles). An army officer was quoted in The New York Times of 18 July 1982 (the exact day of the Plan de Sánchez killings) as telling an audience of indigenous people in Cunén, in the department of El Quiché, that: "If you are with us, we'll feed you; if not, we'll kill you."

The government began to form local "civilian self-defence patrols" (the paramilitary forces known as patrullas de autodefensa civil or PACs). Participation was, in theory, voluntary, but in practice, many campesinos, especially in the north-west, had no choice but to join either the PACs or the guerrillas. The country's conscript army, supported by the PACs, recaptured practically all the guerrilla-held territory – guerrilla activity lessened and was mostly limited to hit-and-run operations. However, this partial victory was won at an enormous cost in civilian deaths.

Ríos Montt's brief presidency was probably the most violent period of the 36-year internal conflict, which resulted in about 200,000 deaths of mostly unarmed, mostly indigenous civilians. Although leftist guerrillas and right-wing death squads also engaged in summary executions, forced disappearances, and torture of non-combatants, the vast majority of human rights violations were carried out by the military and the PACs they controlled. The internal conflict is described in great detail in the report of the Historical Clarification Commission (Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico, or CEH), which estimates that government forces and their paramilitary confederates were responsible for 93% of the violations.

On 8 August 1983, Ríos Montt was deposed by his own Minister of Defence, Gen. Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, who succeeded him as de facto president of Guatemala. Victims of the period, organised in the Asociación para Justicia y Reconciliación (AJR) and their legal representatives the Centro para Acción Legal en Derechos Humanos (CALDH) brought a criminal case against Ríos Montt in 2001. He was convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity in a national court in May 2013. The status of the conviction is unclear following intervention by the Constitutional Court.

Local context
The central Guatemalan department of Baja Verapaz comprises eight municipalities, one of which is Rabinal (15.1°N, -90.45°W), some 70 km to the north of Guatemala City. In 1982, the municipality was made up of the municipal seat of Rabinal town, along with another 14 villages and 60 hamlets. Among the villages was Plan de Sánchez, located in a hilly woodland area some 9 km from the town of Rabinal. The local inhabitants were overwhelmingly Achi Maya Native Americans. Achi is one of the 21 varieties of the Maya language recognised in Guatemala; according to a 2002 government census, it was spoken by some 105,000 people in the Baja Verapaz highlands.

The events of July 1982
Since early 1982, the inhabitants of the area had been facing increasing pressure from the authorities. Many of the local men had refused to participate in the self-defence patrols and, as a result, the military kept a strong presence in the area. Many men fled their homes for the mountains, leaving the womenfolk and children behind. Others had already, before the massacre, filed formal complaints – reporting the armed forces' constant threatening behaviour and harassment – with the justice of the peace in Rabinal, but these allegations were never investigated; on the contrary, the men who lodged the complaints were fined.

In early July 1982, a military aircraft flew over the village and dropped a number of bombs on areas close to several homes. On 15 July, an army detachment set up camp in the village and began house-to-house inspections, asking after the menfolk and threatening the villagers.

Sunday, 18 July, was market-day in Rabinal. The pathways and roads of the municipality were, from an early hour, crowded with people from local villages and farms taking their goods to market. The village of Plan de Sánchez was one of several settlements crisscrossed by the network of routes leading to the municipal seat.

At around 08:00 that Sunday morning, soldiers at the military detachment fired two 105-mm mortar shells at the village. One of these landed to the east of the main group of houses; the other to the west. Later that same day, between 14:00 and 15:00, a military detachment arrived in Plan de Sánchez. This force of some 60 men – comprising regular army (led by a captain and a lieutenant), PAC patrolmen, police, and civilians dressed in military fatigues and armed with assault rifles – took up stations at the village's points of entry and exit, heading off people from other settlements returning from market. Others went from house to house, gathering the inhabitants together. At this point, some of the men succeeded in fleeing the round-up and took to the surrounding woods and hills.

The younger women were sent to one house, with the men, children, and older women directed to another. A group of around twenty of the younger women (aged between 12 and 20) were separated from the main group and taken to another building; there, they were humiliated, accused of supporting the guerrillas, beaten, and raped. A handful of these women managed to escape and take refuge in the surrounding countryside, while the remainder were killed.

The children were separated from the main group and beaten and kicked to death. Then, at around 17:00, the soldiers threw two hand grenades into the house where the adults were being held and began spraying the walls with automatic gunfire. Residents of nearby villages and those from Plan de Sánchez who was observing the massacre from vantage points in the surrounding hills report that intense gunfire continued until about 20:00 when the army set fire to the buildings. The armed forces finally left the village at around 23:00.

The next morning, some of those who had fled returned to the smoking ruins of their village. None of the bodies in the houses could be identified; many of the others who had fallen in the yards adjacent to the houses had bullet holes in their heads, chests, and backs, but identification of these victims was made difficult because dogs and other animals had partially devoured many of the charred corpses.

At around 15:00 on that Monday, two military commissioners and a squad of PAC patrolmen arrived in Plan de Sánchez and ordered the survivors to dig graves and bury the victims' remains, threatening them that the air force would bombard the village if they failed to comply. More than 20 clandestine communal graves were dug and filled. Meanwhile, the patrolmen ransacked the houses that had not been burned down, stealing personal property and livestock and destroying identification papers.

Witness testimony
"They separated the children, and the girls of 15 to 20 years old. Then they began the massacre. First, they tortured the elderly, because they said the latter were guerrillas; then they threw two grenades and fired weapons… After executing the women, the men and the elderly, they took the children one by one, smashed them against the ground, and threw them into the flames. No one could escape because the Army had surrounded the entrance and exit of Plan de Sánchez, as well as the adjacent roads… [The next day] he braced himself to leave the place where he was hiding to go and examine the havoc that had been wrought. Together with his brothers, Juan, Buenaventura and Esteban, and with Eulalio Grave Ramírez, he put out the fire that was still consuming the corpses."

"They separated the girls who were 15 to 20 years old from this group, and took them to Guillerma Grave Manuel's house; they raped them; they broke their arms and legs, and then they killed them… The children were smashed against the floor, and then thrown into the flames together with their parents… At 8 pm, he was able to enter his own home and saw that his wife and three of his children were dead. He found one of his daughters alive; she had managed to escape, because she was buried under the bodies of her two siblings."

"My sister went shopping in Rabinal but when she got to the hamlet of Plan de Sánchez the army was already there. There they grabbed her and raped her in a house. There were fifteen girls raped and then they were riddled with bullets. Afterwards, they were buried by the people, in a clandestine cemetery."

"The witness heard her mother, who was walking through the village, scream and saw when they seized her nine-month-old nephew from her mother, with its shawl and everything, and took them to the house where all the people were gathered… At the time of the massacre, she was 13 or 14 years old. She lost her mother, sister, grandmother, aunts and all her cousins, even the babies… The following day, she was able to see the corpses, but only for a short time, because the soldiers granted three hours to bury her next of kin."

Aftermath
Over the ensuing months, because of regular visits by the army during which they were threatened, harassed, and intimidated, most of the survivors abandoned the village for the mountains, other towns and villages, or Guatemala City. In 1985, they began to trickle back and were allowed to resettle in Plan de Sánchez and work their land, provided that they served in the PACs and remained subject at all times to military oversight. By 1987, some 20 families were again living in the village, albeit under strict orders from the military not to discuss the massacre. The harassment and threats from the military and paramilitaries continued, and the requirement that they patrol with the PACs was enforced until the peace accords were signed and the civilian self-defence patrols were dissolved in 1996.

Witness testimony

 * The militarisation of Plan de Sánchez prevented them from continuing their ancestral traditions. Before the massacre, they performed individual and private ceremonies, called "devotions". Several of the older men were responsible for officiating these acts, but many of them died in the massacre and their knowledge could not be transmitted to the new generations… Owing to the repression exercised by the Army and the obligation for the young men to do military service, the latter lost their faith, their devotion for the traditions and knowledge of their ancestors, and did not want to continue the traditions… They performed a few Mayan ceremonies very infrequently because the military agents did not allow these rites, alleging that they were practicing witchcraft against their enemies."
 * – Benjamín Manuel Jerónimo, Inter-American Court's reparations judgement.

 * The witness was obliged to enlist in the Army for 30 months. On 31 October 1987, he left the military barracks to return to Plan de Sánchez… [and] was obliged to join the patrol again. The men who survived found second wives among women from other communities, because very few women were left in Plan de Sánchez after the massacre."
 * – Buenaventura Manuel Jerónimo, Inter-American Court's reparations judgement.

 * The older people who were responsible for officiating the Mayan ceremonies died in the massacre and the traditions died with them, because the young people did not have anyone to teach them… Military agents and the patrols monitored every meeting, so that they were afraid to hold their religious ceremonies. No one could speak freely or discuss the situation of repression and violence in which the community lived."
 * – Eulalio Grave Ramírez, Inter-American Court's reparations judgement.

Death toll
Years later, the petition lodged with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights by the survivors and next-of-kin set the death toll of the massacre at 268, and the Guatemalan state, in the later supranational proceedings, admitted its responsibility in that number of killings. However, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights published a list of named victims that numbered only 170, and various other reports on the incident quote figures of between 150 and 200. Forensic anthropologists working on the massacre site have exhumed fewer than 100 sets of remains.

The discrepancies in the various figures can be attributed to several factors: first of all, entire families were killed, and many of the survivors were subsequently scattered across the country. The absence of relatives made tallying the dead more difficult, as did the severe warnings the villagers received in the immediately ensuing years about what would happen if they discussed the massacre. The fact that many of the victims were burnt alive in a single, small enclosure complicated the identification of remains and, to date, it is not certain that all the clandestine graves in the vicinity of Plan de Sánchez have been found.

Domestic legal proceedings
On 10 December 1992, a group of villagers reported the existence of a clandestine grave in Plan de Sánchez and, on 7 May 1993, Ramiro de León Carpio, the country's human rights ombudsman (Procurador de los Derechos Humanos), lodged an official accusation with the public prosecution service, reporting the massacre that had taken place 11 years earlier.

A criminal investigation was begun by an investigating magistrate in Salamá, Baja Verapaz, and, on 8 June 1994, the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Team (EAFG) began examining the clandestine graves in the community. Two months later, the forensic anthropologists had exhumed a total of 84 corpses from 21 graves. An additional grave site was identified during the field work and, once the legal formalities had been met, the EAFG was able to examine it, and exhume four sets of human remains, in August 1996.

On 2 September 1996, Ombudsman Jorge Mario García Laguardia issued a historic resolution in which he denounced the massacre of Plan de Sánchez (and two others that took place in Rabinal the same year: Chichupac and Río Negro) as crimes against humanity, laid the blame for them firmly at the feet of the government and the military, and said that they had been carried out as part of a premeditated state policy.

In May 1997, the villagers named as plaintiffs in the criminal investigation gave the authorities a list of names of soldiers and patrolmen who had been involved in the massacre. In June 1997, their legal representatives the Centro para Acción Legal en Derechos Humanos (CALDH) requested ballistic tests on the spent cartridges found in the graves; the ballistic material was reported as "lost" by the prosecution service and did not resurface until February 2000.

Following sustained efforts by victims and CALDH, and the appointment of a new Attorney General in Guatemala, five direct perpetrators were convicted in domestic criminal proceedings and in October 2012 their conviction was upheld on appeal.

Supranational legal proceedings
In October 1996, faced with constant delays and other irregularities in the domestic proceedings, the survivors instructed their legal representatives in both national and supranational proceedings, the Centro para Acción Legal en Derechos Humanos (CALDH), to lodge a complaint with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR). The IACHR is the agency of the Organisation of American States charged with overseeing the American Convention on Human Rights, a continental human rights instrument that Guatemala ratified in 1978, and responsible for ensuring justice for victims of human rights abuses when domestic legal systems fail.

In their filing, they accused the Guatemalan state of violating the victims' human rights by allowing its agents to kill civilian men, women, and children and by failing to respond to that situation with measures of judicial protection and guarantees. Guatemala replied to the petition by stating that during the armed conflict both parties committed abuses, and that events such as those in Plan de Sánchez stand as testimony to that fact. It went on to say, however, that the villagers' petition was inadmissible since it had been presented extemporaneously and because the jurisdictional remedies offered by the domestic courts had not yet been exhausted. The petitioners countered that they had attempted to exhaust the domestic remedies, but had been prevented from so doing by excessive procedural delays on the part of the state's judicial officers. Finding for the petitioners, the Commission declared the case admissible on 11 March 1999.

On 9 August 2000, during (failed) negotiations between the state, the petitioners, and the commission with a view to reaching a friendly settlement of this case and others, President Alfonso Portillo admitted the state's "institutional responsibility" for the massacre. On 28 February 2002, the IACHR issued a resolution recommending that the Guatemalan government: Two months later, after consulting with the petitioners, the Inter-American Commission referred the case to the contentious jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
 * 1) Conduct a serious investigation to prosecute and punish those who perpetrated and masterminded the massacre.
 * 2) Make reparations (including but not limited to financial compensation) to the survivors of the massacre, to the next-of-kin of the dead, and to the village as a community.
 * 3) Take steps to ensure that similar incidents did not occur in the future.

Guatemala first lodged three exceptions with the Court, arguing, inter alia, that the case was not admissible because the available domestic remedies had not been exhausted and that the scope of President Portillo's admission of responsibility had been misconstrued. At the Court's public hearing on 23 April 2004, however, the state withdrew those exceptions. It then repeated the admission of responsibility extended by Alfonso Portillo in August 2000 and admitted that it had violated the human rights enshrined in Articles 1, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 16, 21, 21, 24, and 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights. It asked the victims for their forgiveness and expressed its willingness to make full amends. Guatemala did not, however, address the charges of genocide levelled at it by the Commission in its application to the Court, since that particular crime against humanity was not covered by the convention. The Court accepted the state's admission of guilt, issued a judgement to that effect on 29 April 2004, and proceeded with the reparations phase.

On 19 November 2004, the Inter-American Court issued its reparations judgement. In order to make full redress to the survivors of the massacre and to the next-of-kin of those who were killed, Guatemala was ordered to make compensatory payments to those individuals totalling US$7,996,836 – the highest award ever given by the Court.

In addition to the monetary redress, the Court ordered the state to fulfill its legal duties, undertake various infrastructure projects in the locality, and realise various symbolic acts of reparation and reconciliation:

All these items were to be completed within five years of the Court's judgement, with the state submitting annual progress reports until completion. Guatemala was also ordered to pay US$55,000 in costs.
 * Conduct a proper investigation of the massacre, and identify and punish the guilty.
 * Organise a ceremony in Plan de Sánchez at which high-ranking government officials would recognise the state's responsibility and honour the memory of the dead, to be covered by the media and conducted in both Spanish and Achi Maya.
 * Translate the American Convention on Human Rights and the Court's two judgements into Achi Maya.
 * Publish key sections of those judgements in its official gazette and in a major national newspaper (in both languages).
 * Pay USD $25,000 for the upkeep of the village's memorial chapel to the massacre victims.
 * Build houses in the village.
 * Provide the survivors with any medical and psychological care they might require – free of charge, including medicines and supplies.
 * In addition to regular budgeted government spending:
 * Promote the study and awareness of the Achi Maya language and culture in the affected communities.
 * Improve the municipality's road network, drinking water supply, and sewerage systems.
 * Provide the communities with qualified, bilingual schoolteachers.
 * Set up a health clinic in Plan de Sánchez and a health centre in the town of Rabinal.

The public ceremony required by the judgement was held in Plan de Sánchez on 18 July 2005, the 23rd anniversary of the massacre. It was attended by representatives of the government, led by Vice President Eduardo Stein, delegations from the IACHR and the International Centre for Human Rights Research (CIIDH), as well as survivors and relatives of the victims. During the ceremony, Stein apologised for the actions of the army, which had "unleashed bloodshed and fire to wipe out an entire community".

Prosecution of soldiers and paramilitary members
Courts in Guatemala convicted five members of a paramilitary organization, Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, of murder in the 1982 massacre. Each of the five were sentenced to 7710 years in prison on 21 March 2012.

title: Plan de Sánchez massacre


text:
Talk:Tabasco sauce

THIS IS AN EXCELLENT COMMERCIAL
I love this sauce, but this article is nothing but an advertisement for this condiment. Citations are missing everywhere ... it's ridiculous actually. 98.194.39.86 (talk) 11:45, 14 February 2017 (UTC)

 * I agree completely. Why not just put a link at the top to their web site. 73.6.96.168 (talk) 09:02, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 30 December 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved  (t · c)  buidhe  21:52, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

Tabasco sauce → Tabasco (sauce) – Tabasco is the name of the brand to which this article is about. If we decide it should not be shortened to Tabasco, it would be "Tabasco Brand"  Astros 4477  ( Talk ) 18:37, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose, the WP:NATURALDISAMBIGUATION is preferred over adding a parenthetical disambiguation, and plenty of sources refer to the sauce and the family of sauces as "Tabasco sauce".--Cerebral726 (talk) 18:49, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose. As the above comment says, natural disambiguation is preferred to parenthetical disambiguation in titles. Rreagan007 (talk) 20:01, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Understandable - however, should it be a capitalized "Sauce" because it is referring to an actual brand?--  Astros 4477  ( Talk ) 21:57, 30 December 2021 (UTC)
 * No, because as you have pointed out, the name of the brand is just "Tabasco" and not "Tabasco Sauce". The "sauce" here is just a descriptor and not part of the brand name. Rreagan007 (talk) 22:34, 30 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Support This isn't a proper article to use natural disambiguation, since the sauce is not just from Tabasco in Mexico. "Tabasco" is the brand name, not the location the sauce is from - so it could be confusing with a title like this.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 02:38, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * As it is commonly referred to as "Tabasco sauce", no one familiar with the topic of the article would be confused by the current title, and that is the standard that we use. From Article titles: "The title is a name or description of the subject that someone familiar with, although not necessarily an expert in, the subject area will recognize." Rreagan007 (talk) 07:49, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * "It" being what exactly? Because as Philoserf points out below, "Tabasco sauce" usually just refers to the original recipe, while Tabasco brand sauce refers to the entire catalogue of condiments. ZXCVBNM (TALK) 00:31, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Support—The article covers the brands many sauces, plural. The brand offers sauces, marinades, condiments, and other products that are not food. Unless we want to rewite this article as one about the Tabasco brand in whole, this renaming makes sense. —¿philoserf? (talk) 16:43, 31 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose as the article is already at a natural disambiguator which is still a term that has merit as a potential WP:COMMONNAME as demonstrated by the following:   etc.  - "Ghost  of  Dan Gurney"  17:35, 31 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tabasco sauce


text:
Kramarov (crater)

Kramarov is a small lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies just beyond the western limb, at the far edge of the region that is brought into view during favorable librations. The crater is situated in the northern part of the Montes Cordillera, the outer ring of the mountains that surround Mare Orientale.

In the past this crater was designated Lents K, a satellite of Lents which lies to the northwest, before being named by the IAU. Just to the southeast is another satellite crater, Lents J. Kramarov is a circular, bowl-shaped crater that lies amidst a region of rugged terrain. The inner walls slope down to a wide interior floor that occupies about two-thirds the total diameter of the crater. It is otherwise an undistinguished formation that has suffered little erosion and has no features of particular interest.

title: Kramarov (crater)


text:
1914 in rail transport

January events

 * January 1 – 1912 international convention agreeing the Berne gauge European standard loading gauge comes into effect.
 * January 4 – New Michigan Central Station in Detroit formally inaugurated.

March events

 * March 17 – A celebration is held in honor of the first train to arrive on the newly constructed Kansas City Southern Railway line in Hot Springs, Arkansas.
 * March 21 – Henry Clay Hall is appointed to the Interstate Commerce Commission filling the vacancy left by Charles A. Prouty's resignation.

April events

 * April 2 – Construction begins on the Connaught Tunnel in the Selkirk Mountains under Rogers Pass on the Canadian Pacific Railway main line between Calgary, Alberta, and Revelstoke, British Columbia.
 * April 7 – The last spike is driven (pictured) on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway at Fort Fraser, British Columbia, 93 miles (150 km) west of Prince George, completing the line between Winnipeg and Prince Rupert.
 * April 30 – Osaka Electronic Railway Line, Osaka Uehonmachi to Nara route officially completed in Japan (as predecessor of Kintetsu Nara Line).

May events

 * May 17 – Canadian Northern Railway acquires Canadian Northern Ontario Railway.

June events

 * June 18 – A railway bridge collapse at Carrbridge in Scotland following a torrential thunderstorm kills 5 people.
 * June 28
 * Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife travel from Ilidža over the 760 mm narrow gauge railway to the Marijin dvor station in Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina) on an official visit from which they will not return.
 * Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits announces that due to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand this day at Sarajevo, the Orient Express will terminate in Bucharest and not go on to Constantinople.
 * June 29 – The maiden trip on the Portland–Lewiston Interurban is made when the car Arbutus carries an inspection trip from Lewiston to Portland, Maine.

July events

 * July 7 – Regular scheduled service begins on the Portland–Lewiston Interurban in Maine.
 * July 11 – The Karkamış to Ceylanpınar line of the Baghdad Railway opens.
 * July 15 – Yujiro Nakamura succeeds Ryutaro Nomura as president of South Manchuria Railway.
 * July 29 – Railway viaduct over Sava between Zemun and Belgrade is blown up.

August events

 * August 4 – British Government takes control of railways as a wartime measure.
 * August 19 – Passenger trains of the Canadian Northern Ontario Railway begin using the Grand Trunk Railway's Central Station in Toronto.

October events

 * October – The Atlantic Coast Line acquires the Florida Central Railroad.
 * October 13 – The Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway, building northward from Sault Ste. Marie, opens its northernmost section between Oba and Hearst, Ontario.
 * October 23 – Northwestern Pacific Railroad is completed connecting Humboldt County, California to the United States rail network.

December events

 * December 20 – Tokyo Station in Japan opens.
 * December 29 – San Francisco's Stockton Street Tunnel opens primarily to serve the F Stockton streetcar line.

Unknown date events

 * The railhead of the Central Line (Mittellandbahn) across German East Africa from the coast reaches Kigoma on the shore of Lake Tanganyika.
 * The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad simplifies its official name to New York Central.
 * The Alaska Northern Railway (a predecessor of the Alaska Railroad) enters receivership. The United States government purchases the road and moves its headquarters to the location that will become Anchorage.
 * Magnetic Signal Company is awarded a U.S. patent on an improved wigwag grade crossing signal.
 * The first prototype of the Pennsylvania Railroad K4 Pacific steam locomotive class (PRR 1737) is built.
 * Baldwin Locomotive Works build the first 2-8-8-8-2 triplex locomotive, Matt H. Shay, for the Erie Railroad.

February births

 * February 10 – Benjamin W. Heineman, president of Chicago and North Western Railway 1956–1972 (died 2012).

December births

 * December 16 – O. Winston Link, American photographer who documents the end of steam locomotive use on the Norfolk and Western Railway in the 1950s (died 2001).

January deaths

 * January 21 – Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, Scottish financier, promoter of the Canadian Pacific Railway (born 1820).

March deaths

 * March 12 – George Westinghouse, American inventor; developed the Westinghouse air brake (born 1846).

April deaths

 * April 26 – George Frederick Baer, president of Reading Company (born 1842).

July deaths

 * July – Melville E. Ingalls, president of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (born 1842).

August deaths

 * August 3 - William Barstow Strong, president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway 1881–1889 (born 1837).
 * August 24 - Darius Miller, president of Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad 1910–1914 (b. 1859).

November deaths

 * November 21 – Thaddeus C. Pound, president of Chippewa Falls and Western Railway and St. Paul Eastern Grand Trunk Railway (born 1832).

title: 1914 in rail transport


text:
Talk:Tunbridge ware

Tunbridge Wells or Tonbridge? The article now says the former, but the only article that links here is the latter. Could someone clarify where the work was done - one, the other or both? --rbrwr± 15:59, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Untitled
As I understand it, Tunbridge Ware was made in both places, but particularly sold in Tunbridge Wells to people who would come to take the waters (Tonbridge was not a place of resort in the same way). rossb 14:34, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The historic spelling of Tonbridge is Tunbridge. This was changed by the GPO after the coming of the railways to differentiate between Tonbridge and Tunbridge Wells.

title: Talk:Tunbridge ware


text:
1954 in rail transport

January

 * January 3 – The last steam locomotive powered passenger train departs Washington Union Station; Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad engine number 622 Carter Braxton pulls the train, leaving at approximately 1:40 PM bound for Richmond, Virginia.
 * January 8 – Southern Pacific Railroad's Sunset Limited becomes the first train to use the new New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal.
 * January 20 – The Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line, the second line in the system and the first built after World War II, is opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu stations.
 * January 24 – Cleveland, Ohio, streetcars make their last revenue run.
 * January – General Motors Electro-Motive Division introduces the EMD F9 and GP9.

February

 * February 21 – An SNCF electric train hits 151 mph (243 km/h) in tests, setting a world’s record.
 * February – General Motors Electro-Motive Division introduces the EMD FP9.

March

 * March 30 – Yonge subway, the first segment of the Toronto subway and the first underground rapid transit line in Canada, begins operation.

April

 * April 20 – The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad ("Milwaukee Road") opens a new station in Tacoma, Washington.
 * April 30 – Last day of steam locomotive operations and passenger train service on the Clinchfield Railroad.

May

 * May – General Motors Electro-Motive Division introduces the EMD E9.

June

 * June 6 – The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway introduces the San Francisco Chief passenger train between Chicago and San Francisco.
 * June 13 – Last day of steam locomotive operation on the Maine Central Railroad.
 * June 14 – New York Central management loses a proxy fight for control of the railroad to Robert Ralph Young and his Alleghany Corporation.
 * June – General Electric delivers the first diesel-electric locomotives built for the narrow gauge White Pass and Yukon Route.

July

 * July 2 – SNCF electrifies first section of Valenciennes–Thionville line, the first non-experimental 25 kV AC railway electrification.
 * July 4 – Budd delivers the first Château series car, Château Bienville, to Canadian Pacific Railway in Montreal.
 * July – New Zealand Railways Department introduces DF class (built by English Electric) into service, the country's first mainline diesel-electric locomotives.

August

 * August 7 – The last streetcars operate on the Altoona and Logan Valley Electric Railway in Altoona, Pennsylvania.

October

 * October 16 – The Southern Pacific dieselizes its 3 foot (914 mm) gauge Keeler branch.
 * October 20 – To commemorate the 100th Anniversary of Horseshoe Curve, the Sylvania Electric Products Corporation sponsors a night photograph of the Curve using more than 6500 flashbulbs.

November

 * November 29 – The first dome cars built by Budd Company enter revenue service on Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway's North Coast Limited.

December

 * December – Louisville and Nashville Railroad and Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway open the new Radnor Yard in Nashville, Tennessee.
 * December – Pullman-Standard builds the first bilevel commuter coaches for the Southern Pacific Railroad to use in the south San Francisco Bay Area.
 * December – The last steam locomotive on the Southern Railway (U.S.) is retired from standby service.

Unknown date

 * Circular Koltsevaya Line of the Moscow Metro completed.
 * American Car and Foundry officially changes its name to ACF Industries, Inc.
 * Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway divests itself of the Grand Canyon Hotel and other buildings at the north end of the Grand Canyon Railway.
 * Netherlands Railway Museum moves to the former Maliebaan station.

January deaths

 * January 5 – Death Valley Scotty (born Walter Edward Scott; pictured), con man who chartered the Scott Special record-breaking run on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway in 1905, dies (born 1872).

December deaths

 * December 15 – Ernest Lemon, Chief Mechanical Engineer (1931–1932) and later Vice President of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (born 1884).

title: 1954 in rail transport


text:
User:Bigbadwoof

Bigbadwoof
Bigbadwoof is a twenty-something lazy middle class intellectual.

He lives in an townhouse in Pingree Grove, IL with his domestic partner and three cats, Twitch, Odo, and Mungo.

title: User:Bigbadwoof


text:
Vatolaivy

Vatolaivy is a small village that belongs to the municipality of Arivonimamo II, 70 km west of Antananarivo, Madagascar.

There are catholic and Protestant churches, a primary school, shops, a market place, a hostel and restaurant, and a sport area.

Around this little village there are plots of the natural forest of typical endemic species Uapaca bojeri, commonly known as Tapia forests. These forests supplies the village with fruits, champignons and wild silk.

These plots of forests are now under transferred management to local communities. This process called GELOSE is set to help for their conservation. these "native trees" are used to feed silkworm and thus to produce raw material for weavers and handcraft maker. The end products provides external incomes for these communities.

title: Vatolaivy


text:
Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran

The Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran (FFIRI;, Federâsion-è Futbâl-è Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Irân) is the governing body for football in Iran. It was founded in 1920. The federation has been a member of FIFA since 1948 and a member of the Asian Football Confederation since 1958.

History
In 2001, Iran were founding members of the West Asian Football Federation, along with Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria.

Controversies
On 23 November 2006, the federation was suspended by FIFA, due to government interference in football matters. FIFA rules decree that a national football federation should remain autonomous from the national government. However, on 17 December 2006, the ban was lifted and a new Transitory Board was composed.

During the 2009 Iranian election protests, seven members of the Iran national football team were initially reported to have been banned for life by the federation for wearing green armbands in support of the Iranian Green Movement.

Iran women's national football team was briefly suspended by FIFA from international competition in 2011 for being required by the federation to wear headscarves.

Sub-confederation change
In 2014, Iran joined the Central Asian Football Association.

In 2015, the federation banned players from the men's national team due to conscription problems.

In August 2017, the federation banned Masoud Shojaei and Ehsan Hajsafi from the national team after they played against the Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv in the UEFA Europa League.

On 9 November 2018 Fatma Samoura, Secretary General of International Federation of Football Association FIFA said she would ask Iranian government to end ban on women's entry to sport stadiums. On 7 August 2019, Mohammad Jafar Montazeri, prosecutor general of Iran, supporting the ban, said that it should not concern FIFA, if women in Iran can enter sports stadiums or not. However, after continuous pressure from FIFA, IRNA deputy Sports Minister Jamshid Taghizadeh said, women would be allowed to enter Azadi Stadium to watch the men's World Cup 2022 qualifier match between Iran and Cambodia in October.

Men's

 * Persian Gulf Pro League
 * Azadegan League
 * League 2 (Iran)
 * League 3 (Iran)
 * Hazfi Cup
 * Iranian Super Cup

Women's

 * Kowsar Women Football League
 * Hazfi Cup (women)
 * Iranian Supercup (women)

Board members

 * reference

National teams
Head coach: Amir Ghalenoei Head coach: Reza Enayati Head coach: Samad Marfavi Head coach: Hossein Abdi Head coach: Ali Doustimehr  Head coach: Vahid Shamsaei Head coach: Ali Sanei Head coach: Ali Naderi'' Head coach: Maryam Azmoon Head coach: TBD Head coach: TBD Head coach: Shadi Mahini Head coach: TBD
 * Iran national football team
 * Iran national under-23 football team
 * Iran national under-20 football team
 * Iran national under-17 football team
 * Iran national under-15 football team
 * Iran national futsal team
 * Iran national under-20 futsal team
 * Iran national beach soccer team
 * Iran women's national football team
 * Iran women's national under-23 football team
 * Iran women's national under-20 football team
 * Iran women's national under-17 football team
 * Iran women's national futsal team


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cryptdec

Cryptdec
A dicdef for a word that seems to have limited use — only two Google hits for the "crypto" meaning based on one post to a mailing list:. — Matt Crypto 16:10, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * delete, dictdef for a hypothetical word. Wikipedia is not a forum for popularizing your coined words.  Tempshill 21:40, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Hypothetical neologism and improperly formed, to boot (don't double dentals (td)). Geogre 22:31, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del. Mikkalai 09:00, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Pointless to me, as it isn't a real word or term, just something that has been coined-up. Somebody in the WWW 06:57, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text: Category:Climbing equipment

title: Category:Climbing equipment


text:
Talk:Jacobo Timerman

Re: Spelling
it's Timerman, not Timmerman. please change the title.

 * It's been fixed. --(Mingus ah um 01:47, 16 April 2006 (UTC))

RE: Timerman was no hero

I had to straighten up the record. Timerman helped destroy democracy in Argentina by his relentless campaing agaisnt President Arturo Illia, and by praising the future dictator, Ongania. He did an immense harm to his country, and if anyoe deserve to be tortured, it was him.

I see that you insist on whitewashing him.

Those of us who can rememember how much we lost on the 28th of june of 1966 will not forget how you lie with history.

Ben Nathan
This is a patronymic that is never to be used outside a religious context.

Many Israelis (and some non-Israeli Jews) have adopted a surname that is actually a patronymic (such as Ben-Eliezer), then the surname is passed on to children and grandchildren just like any other surname. (The usage of the patronymic as a person's surname in the Arabic-speaking world is different, and more consistent with the usual definition of a patronymic.)

Timerman used the patronymic as part of his full name in the intro to this book, but it was just for dramatic effect. It was never part of his "civil" name, neither in Argentina nor in Israel (where both the patronymic and the matronymic are used for religious purposes, but are not used as part of a person's name on the state-issued formal ID).

Bias
Well, it's clear that someone who was very displeased with Timmerman has edited this article...fix please, anyone with more information. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.23.227.112 (talk) 00:29, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Expansion of Timerman article
Appears to be excellent additions to Timerman article and use of RS. Valuable information.Parkwells (talk) 13:13, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

How many newspapers and when?
In one place the article says he founded one paper (or magazine?) in 1964. Soon after, it says he founded two newspapers in the 1970s. Are these really different, or does one include the paper of 1964? As the second two are not identified by name, it is difficult to tell. Have made other editing changes to try to put information in the right place chronologically, such as a paragraph about the 1966 coup. Still working on it.Parkwells (talk) 12:30, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Explain Graiver
Believe that the Graiver scandal needs more explanation within the article to show how Timerman's connection to the man was used against him. In one place it suggests G's connection to the Monteneros was the problem, but there are later references to a big scandal and faked death, which do not have enough detail for a reader to understand without prior knowledge. Parkwells (talk) 12:28, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Add to Lead
Added to Lead to provide more detail about persecution, and also about Timerman's later life - he was in Israel for 20 years and published at least two books there, continuing his public role of critic of abuses.Parkwells (talk) 12:32, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

I was just reading over the new lead. While I agree with you that his Israeli period should be included in the lead, I would suggest a more summary approach: What did he do while in Israel that should be remembered? Trivial details, like his son living is Israel, could be moved lower. My only other comment is not to give undo importance to the Israeli period because it is his Argentinian period about which he'll be most remembered. My big request: Please put back into the lead his opposition to the dirty war and its wikilink. This what I believe many readers will want to explore. Crtew (talk) 12:46, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Did not delete the link or reference to the "Dirty War"; have emphasized it even more in the sentence. Corrected my own error in thinking he stayed in Israel; he left in 1982 because of his deep disappointment in the government, and settled again in Argentina in 1984, where he stayed for the rest of his life.Parkwells (talk) 13:47, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

Citizenship and Nationality
Jacobo Timerman is a great example of when both citizenship and nationality are needed in the infobox. For most people, nationality is the better choice. But he was from the Ukraine by birth but from Argentina (in terms of nationality) and later became an Israeli citizen. It's not appropriate to have both countries in both slots as it adds confusion.

From template: "Nationality. May be used instead of citizenship (below) or vice versa in cases where any confusion could result. Should only be used with citizenship when they somehow differ. Should only be used if nationality cannot be inferred from the birthplace."

From template: "Country of legal citizenship, if different from nationality. Rarely needed. See usage notes for nationality above. Should only be used if citizenship cannot be inferred from the birthplace."

I would place Argentina in nationality and Israel in citizenship. Crtew (talk) 12:57, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Given that he left Israel because of his deep disappointment in the government, would you place this citizenship over his Argentine one? His Argentine citizenship was likely restored when he returned under the new regime. His action seems to indicate where his heart was.Parkwells (talk) 13:44, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Fascinating question. It does seem that Timerman regained his Argentine citizenship in 1984. However, he may have also kept his Israeli citizenship: "I am an Israeli citizen, I behave like an Israeli citizen, and I am always going to be an Israeli citizen", he said (at USC, in Los Angeles) in 1983. In January 1984, he said "I am an Israeli citizen. If the Argentine government voluntarily decides to give me my Argentine citizenship back, I will accept it only as long as I can keep my Israeli nationality." These statements may bespeak a felt attachment to Israeli that transcends the legal relation of citizenship. The protective actions of the Israeli government during Timerman's imprisonment also suggest a perceived responsibility which took effect prior to formal citizenship. This question has produced some interesting results, which I think will yield some new twists & turns to the Timerman story. Shalom, groupuscule (talk) 14:17, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

My point above, is that for the infobox, we normally use nationality as the default. Citizenship is only used when a person has a different citizenship from nationality. It's more complicated because he was born in the Ukraine. But infoxes are not good places for the types of details and issues you raise! Those issues should come out in the text and give context to the stark infobox facts. By the way, it should be easy enough to reference his religion in the infobox (which is a policy requirement)! Crtew (talk) 14:37, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Given the complexity of the circumstances, maybe both Israeli and Argentine citizenship should be shown, in that order - kind of a pointer for the curious to follow up in the article.Parkwells (talk) 15:10, 4 June 2013 (UTC)

Citation; wife's name
According to The Independent obituary (http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-jacobo-timerman-1125585.html), he married Risha Midlin (different last-name spelling from that in the article) in 1950, which disagrees with the article's 1951 (which also has a "citation needed" tag on it). This should probably be cleared up... BlueMoonset (talk) 23:45, 18 June 2013 (UTC)

DYK
Great spike in page views with the DYK - congrats on the nearly 5,000 hits! and thanks for including me on the nomination, interesting topic to work on. Have been doing much more in South America recently, making my way between articles in English and in Spanish and Portuguese, with the help of Google Translate and some historical knowledge of the events for context, so let me know when you're looking for collaborators.Parkwells (talk) 04:13, 27 June 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Jacobo Timerman


text:
Antony Hopkins

Antony Hopkins (born Ernest William Antony Reynolds; 21 March 1921 – 6 May 2014) was a composer, pianist, and conductor, as well as a writer and radio broadcaster. He was widely known for his books of musical analysis and for his radio programmes Talking About Music, broadcast by the BBC from 1954 for approaching 40 years, first on the Third Programme, later Radio 3, and then on Radio 4.

Life and career
Hopkins was born Ernest William Antony Reynolds in London. Following the death of Antony's father in 1925, the headmaster at Berkhamsted School, Major Thomas Hopkins, and his wife volunteered to take the five-year-old Antony under a joint guardianship agreement; seven years later they officially adopted him, and his surname was changed to Hopkins. In 1937 he went to a summer school for pianists in Schwaz on the Innthal in Austria, where, hearing a performance of Schubert's Op. 90 Impromptus, D. 899, he was inspired with the desire to become a musician.

Hopkins entered the Royal College of Music (RCM) in 1939, where he studied harmony with Harold Darke and composition with Gordon Jacob. After an unsatisfactory start in his piano studies, he left his teacher to study under Cyril Smith. He also studied organ (though he described himself as "the world's worst organist"). He won several scholarships as well as the Chappell Gold Medal for piano and the Cobbett Competition for chamber music composition. While still studying at the RCM, he became involved with the choir at Morley College, conducted by Michael Tippett who also gave Hopkins informal lessons in composition. In 1944 Tippett passed to Hopkins the job of composing incidental music for a production of Doctor Faustus at the Liverpool Playhouse; following its success, Louis MacNeice asked Hopkins to write incidental music for a radio play. For the next 15 years, Hopkins earned his living mostly from composing.

Hopkins's first opera, Lady Rohesia (1947), based on the Ingoldsby Legends of sixteenth-century England, was staged at Sadler's Wells Theatre in 1948. His other operas include The Man from Tuscany, Three's Company (1953), and Hands Across the Sky. Other works include the ballet Café des Sports; and Scena for soprano and strings (which was later arranged for three solo voices and full orchestra). Hopkins also wrote extensively for films, including Here Come the Huggetts (1948), The Pickwick Papers (1952), Johnny on the Run (1953), The Angel Who Pawned Her Harp (1954), Child's Play (1954), Cast a Dark Shadow (1955), The Blue Peter (1955), Seven Thunders (1957), and Billy Budd (1962).

In November 1953, Hopkins gave a BBC radio talk in which he explained, using musical examples, the intricacies of a Bach fugue. Martin Armstrong in The Listener magazine described Hopkins' programme as "a pyrotechnic display, by which I mean not flashy but brilliant – it did not seem to promise amusing entertainment, yet this was what Mr Hopkins's half-hour analysis was". A producer of the BBC Third Programme, Roger Fiske, subsequently offered Hopkins carte blanche to do whatever he wanted on the radio: Hopkins suggested a half-hour programme on talking about works to be broadcast in the coming week. The resulting series, Talking About Music, ran from 1954 to 1992, and was syndicated to 44 countries.

In the 1970s, he revived the long forgotten oratorio Ruth (infamous as "the Worst Oratorio in the World" ) by the English composer George Tolhurst; this was heard again in 2009 on the BBC Radio 3 programme The Choir. From 1952 he was Artistic Director of the Intimate Opera Company, being replaced by Stephen Manton in 1963 though remaining a director and as music adviser of the company. From 1959 until his death he was President of Luton Music Club, and also from 1994 President of Radlett Music Club.

Personal life
Hopkins was appointed a CBE in 1976 for his services to music. He died on 6 May 2014, in Ashridge, Hertfordshire in England. He was survived by his second wife, Beatrix née Taylor. His first wife, Alison Purves, whom he married in 1947, died in 1991.

Books

 * Beating Time – autobiography (1982)
 * Downbeat Music Guide
 * Music all Around Me
 * Musicamusings
 * Music Face to Face (with André Previn)
 * Pathway to Music
 * Sounds of the Orchestra: A Study of Orchestral Texture
 * Talking About Concertos
 * Talking About Sonatas
 * Talking About Symphonies
 * The Dent Concertgoer's Companion
 * The Nine Symphonies of Beethoven
 * The Seven Concertos of Beethoven
 * Understanding Music
 * The Concertgoer's Companion Volume 1 Bach To Haydn
 * The Concertgoer's Companion Volume 2 Holst To Webern

Articles

 * 'Talking About Hopkins': Antony Hopkins, CBE, in conversation with Mark Doran, Musical Opinion, March 2011, pp. 14–17.

Recordings

 * Talking about Symphonies EMI 12" vinyl LP: CFP 40058
 * Talking about Rachmaninoff Jupiter 7" vinyl: jep OC13
 * Talking about Bach Jupiter 7" vinyl: jep OC18
 * Talking about Beethoven Jupiter 7" vinyl: jep OC23

title: Antony Hopkins


text:
Talk:Anseong

World Folkloriada in South Korea
https://www.korea.net/Events/Festivals/view?articleId=3162 I don't know, only in Hungarian. I'm writing here with the google translator. I would like to draw the attention of Anseong article editors to this cultural event that could be mentioned on the website: World Folkloriada in South Korea 모르겠어요. 헝가리어로 만요. 저는 구글 번역기로 여기에 글을 쓰고 있습니다. 웹 사이트에서 언급 될 수있는이 문화 행사에 안성 기사 편집자들의 관심을 끌고 싶습니다 : 한국의 세계 민속 2001:4C4C:1569:4E00:A4B4:6A1C:1037:158A (talk) 05:57, 21 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anseong


text:
Talk:Bucheon

Young people in Bucheon -- Delete or Move Information?
Might it be better to delete or move the information from this section. What is said that doesn't apply to every city in Korea, or at least to most?

WangSejong (talk) 04:29, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Sports in Bucheon -- Delete Information?
Is there a reason a specific school is mentioned, where it is, and what the user fee is? There are many, many schools in this area, I dont' see why mentioning this one is relevant other then to advertise for it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.194.127.36 (talk) 12:52, 6 October 2011 (UTC)

The section really doesn't make that much sense in terms of mixing sports and schools. It is true there is a arts high school, but those are common within Korea. I will remove this section. If someone want to rewrite it and separate the two issues, that would be fine with me. Davidpdx (talk) 13:31, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

Human Trafficking Section
I have also removed the section on human trafficking as it was poorly sourced. If someone can find a more creditable source than which was used as a reference, than I would be willing to discuss putting that section back in. Davidpdx (talk) 14:05, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

Rearrangement and rewriting of article
The article still needs some work. Several sections still need to be rewritten. I moved two paragraphs down into the article. Davidpdx (talk) 12:55, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on Bucheon
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title: Talk:Bucheon


text: Talk:Dongducheon

title: Talk:Dongducheon


text:
Talk:Ansan

Opinion
Ansan has many labors,So It will be good if that information is added to WIKIPEDIA — Preceding unsigned comment added by Minzi Yuk (talk • contribs) 08:58, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

TO Do List
We are Hanyang University student group who are studying about Wikipedia, South Korea in this semesterwe will edit article to group project. We are going to do following jobs. First we Translate Korean article to English to expend this article. And we edit wrong and missing information.After that we add new local information to inform about Ansan city and references about information of Ansan. As a result final goal is making good English article for Ansan as Korean article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gotpdud (talk • contribs) 03:11, 5 November 2013 (UTC) --Donghwan Seong (talk) 03:24, 5 November 2013 (UTC)

Comments
It would be nice if you can put more information about Historical monuments and Parks and natural landmarks. Also, you may want to add some more pictures to look nicer. --Db9023 (talk) 09:45, 6 November 2013 (UTC)

Some Events don't exist on this article
It is good article I think but if some sentences add on this article, it will be nicer. I know that some events hold in Ansan. Gyeonggi Ansan Airshow and Ansan Seawall Marathon were held in 2013. Here are officially web site. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dhtpgus90 (talk • contribs) 11:57, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

Suggestion
Hi I love your article becuase it is our school city. I hope you guys will add variety information about ansan. In my think, there are lots of high-quality from Ansan City Official Homepage. They also have a english version, so what about find-out that page and find good information about Ansan? Plus, you guys need more pictures about Ansan. Why don't you go out and take a picture? Byung do jung (talk) 00:07, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

Review about this article.
As we know, Ansan is mixed up with foreigners. In this reason, there are lots of cultural difference with other city. I recommend that find out some festivals for foreigners, especially which is held on "Wongok-Dong" or add a section about NGO that help foreigners. It will help to people who visited Ansan. GaHee Park (talk) 00:16, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

Comments from the instructor
I like the expansion of the history section. Keep translating content from Korean Wikipedia! --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:23, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ansan