text:
Talk:Spiš

Polish king
What about that "consent of the then Polish king"? How he expressed that, who was he and how was he entitled to express consent to such things? (btw, a hint: Sejm) Halibutt 08:02, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

What you see in in the article now is all my source says. I see absolutely no reason for deleting that part of the text. And actually I do not understand your question - why should a king in the 18th century have no right to give an official consent to something? And, by the way, as for "only economy" - such a pawn of territory was a frequent economic arrangement at that time. In this case it was the economic use that was pawned and the starosta and guards ( that does not mean whole administration and whole defence ! ) was the collateral. Juro 21:46, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, in 17th and 18th century the power of Polish kings was close to none and his consent or lack of thereof was a secondary matter. What really mattered was the decisions of the Sejm - check the article on Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for more details. That's why I found this statement highly doubtful and that's why I have no idea why to mention the Polish king: he might've known about the matter, just like millions of other inhabitants of Poland and Lithuania. So what?

 * Also, in Polish historiography the area is commonly described as a Polish fief. It might've been pawned for debts, but in reality the political system introduced there did not differ from the system of the rest of Poland. The towns (like any other town in Poland or Lithuania) had their own defence, mostly organised of local merchants. And the starosta was not the one who gained most profits from the area - it was the Crown. Starosta was simply the highest member of local administration, and had the same rights as in other Polish or Lithuanian cities. The only difference was that there was a huge problem with banditism in the area and the Crown sponsored local standing army of guards (much like in Podolia or Ukraine).

 * So, all in all, the area adopted Polish administration system, Polish military defence, Polish overlordship and Polish tax system. It remained historically, politically and culturally a part of the Crown of the Kingdom of Hungary and was internationally considered part of it, to be returned after the debt is repaid. Halibutt 09:01, Dec 29, 2004 (UTC)

I will remove the dispute warning, because "the factual accuracy" is certainly not disputed. Except for parts of the modern history, I have used sources of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hungarian and German sources. Nothing of what the article says is wrong. If you have problems with some interpretations, I have no problem if you add sentences saying that "But Polish historiography says XY", provided that you use serious Polish material and do not delete facts. I have no emitional link to Spis or anything associated with it. Juro 21:25, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I reinserted the tag. Currently the factual accuracy is disputed between me and you. If you want to remove the tag - please provide more info on the following:

-- Thanks in advance, Halibutt 00:12, Jan 5, 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) The consent of the Polish king, as well as its importance and validity
 * 2) those Polish noble insurrections - could you be more specific?
 * 3) Explain the idea of a region that is subject to administration, jurisdiction, taxation and military of another state, yet it is only the economic use of the territories that is subject to pawn to Poland. How does it differ from being a typical fief? Note that I'm not disputing the very fact that Spis was a part of the Crown of Hungary, just like Pomerania or Opole were a part of the Crown of Poland, eventhough both these areas were lost by Poland relatively early.

Hmm the whole modern history part if definetely NPOVed. I changed few obvious mistakes. Pelbiscite was agreed by both gvt - Polish and Czechoslovakian, but it was withdrawed after Czechoslovakian pressure. The Polish taking of the Spisz was after local organisations issued calls for incorporation into the Poland. Population: the census quoted IIRC was for whole area, including territories which were not disputed by Poland. I've ever heard about battle under Kiezmark, I know however that Polishunits were withdrawed after Ententa demanded it. There are questions of murders of plebiscite workers (e.g. was Wisniowiecki slain, or he drowned while escpaing? ) Gorals which formed majority in disputed territory LINGUISTICALLY were Polish, but many of them indeed considered themselves Slovaks. Not to mention that plebiscite region was (against all wishes of allied commision) virtually occupied by Czech forces. Czechs also wanted to annex Zakopane and Polish Podhale to Czechoslovakia. It wasn't that it was just eveil Polish expansionists you know... In short, this modern section is WILDLY POV and come times even counterfactual. Szopen 12:41, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Aa far as I remember, I have used a book from the Slovak Academy of Sciencies for that part, so the real problem might be that you know Polish sources only ...But that does not matter...Juro 01:18, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * That's the problem. You have used Slovakian sources only, I used Polish sources only :) I've read an artcile about Spisz problem, which pointed that controversies are large mainly because nobody really cared aboput the region (as contrary to what the article claims, it were local leaders which puyshed hard Warsaw to start noticing the Spisz). Just one example: death of Wisniowiecki: Polish side claims that he was killed by Czechs and then his body thrown into the river, and for "proof" the section results are shown. Czecho-Slovak side claims that he incited the quarrel and then he was escaping, and during escape he drowned in river, and for the "proof" THE SECTION RESULTS ARE SHOWN. Wunderbar, nicht war? Szopen 07:31, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * That's the world of history ...The more you go into details, the more complicated it gets - and finally you almost always find out that you cannot make any unambiguous judgement... Ancient history is more interesting, because all the details are not known...:) Juro 03:20, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Juro, taking aside the NPOV wording which I do not want to touch right now, I DO dispute the claims about Slovakians. First, they were Gorals, speaking mostly Polish dialect and all Polish sources I touched call them just flatly Polish. Second, sigh, just see the whole our discussion above. It was local population activists who wanted to join Poland, not Warsaw. In Warsaw initially no one realy cared about that.

Székely population in Szepes county
The present article contains significant misinformation regarding the early history of Szepes county, since the residents of the ten lance bearer districts were in fact Székely border guards, as attested by contemporary documents and original place names. Árpád 03:06, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

No, that's wrong, dear fascist vandal. Juro 03:18, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

You may feel free to include any exact proof that they were indeed Slovak. The administrative unit "sedes" (=szék in Hungarian) was highly characteristic of the organization of Székely territories. Among other things, the names of old settlements like Eőr, Strázsa, etc. give exact proof that they were settled by the Hungarian kings in an uninhabited forest area to guard the borders of the kingdom (called "Gyepű" at the time). Árpád 05:23, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

According to all new Slovak texts they were Slovak, according to all old texts they were not. And you can be sure that I do not care about the nationality of some border guards. Juro 12:31, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Well, in order to create a NPOV article, all mainstream theories should be mentioned, in my opinion (the devil is in the details). History is always a synthesis of small facets that cannot be overlooked if the criteria of objective scientific research are observed. Árpád 06:44, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Changes to the article
I have copyedited the article to conform to standard English. Also I have sought to remove POVs where I found them. I have removed the description of the Czechoslovak-Polish border dispute (1918-1947) to a separate article, as it unbalanced the present article. Lastly I have taken out information about contemporary Spiš to a new article Spiš region, Slovakia so as to prevent confusion.Smerus 13:54, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Since when do we do such serious steps without asking anybody? There is already an article on the Czechoslovak-Polish border dispute (you have to find it) and as for the separation of the region we do not proceed like that for the other regions, so this is inacceptable. Juro 14:06, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Dear Juro -

Please accept that this is the English version Wikipedia. The changes I have made are not 'serious steps' - they are simply made for the convenience of readers, who can expect to have a clear account of issues without being involved in partisan battles. No informatrion has been deleted - i have only taken out obvious POVs and corrected the English.

If there is an exisiting article on the border dispute, why was it not referred to in the article on Spis? If it does exist, that is another reason not to include details on it in this article.

The reson for separating 'Spis region Slovakia' from 'Spis' is to make clear that the old county had a history of its own as an administrative entity, whereas, as other contributors have made clear, the term 'Spis' now signifies something more 'heuristic'. I don't feel too stroingly about this separation however and if others feel like you then it could and sholud be remerged. Perhaps stating at the head of the article the differences bewteen historic Spis county and present Spis region.

This article has beenn signposted for a cleanup for over a year. No one has yet done it; somebody had to; that somebody was me. If you find I have been factually misleading, you are welcome to correct me of course. Otherwise, let's discuss how to make things as clear as possible.

All best regards, Smerus 14:18, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

I do not understand what this has to do with being an English wikipedia. This is a matter of elementary cooperative behaviour: You should have asked others (you did not) and you have created chaos (because we have another article in the first case, and because "and what about the other county articles now?" in the second case). In any smaller wikipedia the admins would have done something, but here everybody just changes whatever he likes, incredible. Juro 14:27, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Dear Juro,

As you will see, it has now been proposed that the two articles on Czechoslovak-Polish border disputes be merged. This seems to me sensible, and I support the proposal.

With best regards Smerus 16:39, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Furthermore, on thinking it over, you were correct in objecting to the separation of 'Spis region' from 'Spis' so I have now reincorporated it as 'Spis today' and made a redirect.Smerus 14:12, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

16th to 19th Century
This part definitely needs expansion - all assistance welcomed Smerus 14:33, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

I know :). Juro 14:34, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Spis region and Szepes county
Spis region and Szepes county aren't the same! Nor geographically, nor historically. --VinceB 17:36, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

NO CONSENSUS FOR PAGE MOVE, per discussion below. It appears the consensus is to create a second article to split off informtion about the historical county. In that case, whatever material is split from the current article will be at a new location, without its GFDL history, and there doesn't seem to be an elegant way to split the page history. Thus, a note should be made in the initial edit summary (and maybe at the top of the new talk page) that the earlier history can be found here. If you need admin assistance with anything relating to the split, please feel free to ask me. -GTBacchus(talk) 22:28, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
Spiš → Szepes – {the counties, before Trianon in the Kingdom of Hungary were named Hungarian, so this should be not in the Slovak name, but the Hungarian according to history and the practice in Wikipedia in this question 2: Szepes county and Spis region in Slovakia aren't the same, nor historically, nor politically. Geographically partly. This is unpunctual and mixes two types of administration (a county and a region). I suggest creating a new article for Spiš also, where Szepes would be a see also in the history part) --VinceB 09:20, 19 October 2006 (UTC)}

Survey
Add "* Support" or "* Oppose" followed by a brief explanation, then sign your opinion with ~
 * Support --VinceB 09:20, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Strongly oppose because of the reasons stated below. Tankred 19:45, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose rather split it into an article about the former county, and one about the (present) area. That has been done for several other counties (in present Hungary and Croatia, but also Bars county/Tekov), seems sensible. Markussep 20:51, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose as per Markussep. His proposal seems sensible and appropriate--Smerus 11:30, 20 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Support splitting, oppose simply moving. It should be split like the Abaúj/Abov article. – Alensha   talk  16:22, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Support splitting, oppose simply moving. as per Alensha --Dami 19:00, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Support split, oppose move per Alensha. —Khoikhoi 19:09, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Support split, oppose move. Spiš/Zips transcends Szepes (county). —  AjaxSmack    23:16, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Discussion
This article is about the region of Spiš, which is located in Slovakia. It is overlapping a great deal with the former Spiš county of the Kingdom of Hungary. That county had several official names in the past and its Latin name, not the Hungarian one had been used for most of the history in official documents. Other frequently used forms of the name were its German, Slovak, and Polish versions because of the demographic structure of the population. VinceB, you have already moved this article once to the Hungarian name without any discussion. Your edit was reverted by Olessi. This is the English Wikipedia, so, please, use the English geographic names, not the Hungarian ones. To reiterate, Spiš is the official name of the region and I do not see any reason why to rename an article using a Hungarian version of the name. Tankred 19:43, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * On the other hand, feel free to create a separate article about the former Spiš county. A similar case is Normandy as a region and the Duchy of Normandy as a former duchy. But refrain from destroying this article about the region of Spiš. This article is a result of collaboration of many people and you even have not contributed to it. Tankred 20:12, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Disputed territory?
Why this article is listed as "disputed territory"? Who dispute what here? PANONIAN  (talk)  03:29, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If I understand Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia correctly, the issue was solved in 1958. I'll remove the category. Markussep 09:19, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

By the same token, the category Category:Polish historical regions should be removed. This article is about Spiš in contemporary Slovakia, which is not either geographically or in any other reasonable sense a 'Polish historical region'. The category might be appropriate for the article Szepes county, but not for this one. --Smerus 10:25, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The intro of the article says that the region is partly in Poland, so IMO it can stay in that category. I don't think the presently Polish part of Spiš stopped being Spiš or Spisz. Markussep 10:49, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Szepesség
I've moved it to Szepesség because this is a historical regio.Nmate (talk) 14:43, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * See the discussion above. The article was split into an article about the region (located at Spiš) and one about the historical county (located at Szepes (county)). No need to move this to a Hungarian name. Markussep Talk 15:29, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Adherence to WIkipedia Language Policy
For all involved, the policy of wikipedia is to use native names unless an academically prevalent name exists. This has everything to do with the english wikipedia. Apparently non-native speakers are getting involved.

see Manual of Style/Proper names
 * An english title exists for this topic.
 * English spelling is preferred to that of non-English languages.
 * The spelling that reflects the majority of items on the page is preferred to less common alternatives.

This website is incorrectly named as it stands, as there are english alternatives. As a rule of thumb, you should ask, would an english speaker type Spiš into the search bar? Probably not. For the sake of easy access to information, I suggest that the creator of this website change the name. If someone can provide clear academic evidence that this is not the case, this would be required in order to adhere to wikipedia standards.

Academic Evidence of English Name

Valdis O. Lumans Central European History, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Sep., 1982), pp. 266-296 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of Conference Group for Central European History of the American Historical Association Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4545962

 * Czechoslovakia during the War: III—Slovakia and Ruthenia

J. R. Bulletin of International News, Vol. 21, No. 25 (Dec. 9, 1944), pp. 1047-1054 Published by: Royal Institute of International Affairs Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25643728

 * Education in Slovakia

Anton Štefánek The Slavonic Review, Vol. 2, No. 5 (Dec., 1923), pp. 308-327 Published by: the Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4201732

Helmut Schröcke GeoJournal, Vol. 32, No. 2, In Commemoration of Georgius Agricola, 1494–1555 (February 1994), pp. 127-135 Published by: Springer Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41146718
 * Mining and German Settlement in Slovakia, an Historical Summary

Review by: Herbert Penzl Language, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Mar., 1986), pp. 216-217 Published by: Linguistic Society of America Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/415630
 * Beiträge zur bairischen und ostfränkischen Dialektologie: Ergebnisse der Zweiten Bayerisch-Österreichischen Dialektologentagung Wien, 27. bis 30. September 1983 by Peter Wiesinger

Review by: Frank Dinka Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 89, No. 1 (Mar., 1974), pp. 217-220 Published by: The Academy of Political Science Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2148142 Review by: W. E. Collinson The Modern Language Review, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Jan., 1967), pp. 150-151 Published by: Modern Humanities Research Association Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3724155
 * Czechoslovakia Before Munich: The German Minority Problems and British Appeasement Policy. by J. W. Bruegel; Czechoslovakia: The Party and the People. by Andrew Oxley; Alex Pravada; Andrew Ritchie
 * An Informal History of the German Language: With Chapters on Dutch and Afrikaans, Frisian and Yiddish by W. B. Lockwood

Agentxp22 (talk) 14:40, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

There are way more English language sources for "Spiš" then for thiz "Zips". "Spiš" is also the name used by EU in English. Even some of the sources you list above use "Spiš (Zips)". Others are way old (1923?) or are specifically about the German minority so it's not surprising they would use the German name. Volunteer Marek 15:10, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

I stand corrected. You are right Volunteer Marek. As a comprise, I suggest that the alternate english forms are in the article as well as the foreign terms like hungarian and german. Agentxp22 (talk) 21:58, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Oh, I have no problem with that. In fact I believe the naming policy on alternative names very much suggests it (unless they changed it since the last time I took a look at it). Volunteer Marek 22:18, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spiš


text:
Ivanhoe (disambiguation)

Ivanhoe is an 1820 novel by Sir Walter Scott.

Ivanhoe may also refer to:

Films

 * Ivanhoe (1913 British film)
 * Ivanhoe (1913 American film), an IMP/Universal silent film starring King Baggot
 * Ivanhoe (1952 film), an MGM film starring Robert Taylor
 * Ivanhoe (1982 film), a TV movie starring Anthony Andrews
 * Ivanhoe, a 1986 animated film produced by Burbank Films Australia

TV series

 * Ivanhoe (1958 TV series), featuring Roger Moore
 * Ivanhoe (1970 TV series), starring Eric Flynn
 * Ivanhoe (1997 TV series), starring Steven Waddington

Operas

 * Ivanhoé, an 1826 pastiche opera with music by Gioachino Rossini
 * Ivanhoe (opera), by Arthur Sullivan (1891)

Australia

 * Ivanhoe, Victoria, Melbourne Region, a suburb
 * Electoral district of Ivanhoe (Victoria), a current electorate in the Victorian Legislative Assembly
 * Ivanhoe railway station, Melbourne
 * Ivanhoe, New South Wales, Far West Region
 * Ivanhoe (Warakirri) Correctional Centre, a minimum security prison at Ivanhoe, New South Wales, Australia
 * Electoral district of Ivanhoe (Western Australia), an abolished electorate in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
 * Ivanhoe Station, a pastoral station in Western Australia

Canada

 * Ivanhoe, Newfoundland and Labrador, a former settlement
 * Ivanhoe, a community in Centre Hastings, Ontario
 * Ivanhoe Lake, Ontario
 * Ivanhoe River, Ontario

United States

 * Ivanhoe, California, a census-designated place
 * Ivanhoe, Georgia, an unincorporated community
 * Ivanhoe, Illinois, an unincorporated community
 * Ivanhoe, Gary, Indiana, a neighborhood infamous for its housing project
 * Ivanhoe, Iowa, a village
 * Ivanhoe, an unincorporated community in Sheridan Township, Huron County, Michigan
 * Ivanhoe, Minnesota, a city
 * Ivanhoe, North Carolina, a census-designated place
 * Ivanhoe, Fannin County, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Ivanhoe, Tyler County, Texas, a city
 * Ivanhoe, Virginia, a census-designated place
 * Ivanhoe mining district, Elko County, Nevada
 * Lake Ivanhoe (New Hampshire)
 * Ivanhoe Reservoir, part of the Silver Lake Reservoir in Los Angeles, California

Schools

 * Ivanhoe School, a secondary school in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire, England
 * Ivanhoe Girls' Grammar School, an independent Anglican school for girls in Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia
 * Ivanhoe Grammar School, an independent co-educational Anglican school in Ivanhoe, Victoria, Australia

People

 * Ivan Barrow (1911–1979), cricketer for the West Indies
 * Vincent "Ivanhoe" Martin (1924–1948), Jamaican outlaw and folk hero who is also known as Rhyging
 * Ivanhoe "Ivan" Martin, fictional protagonist of the 1972 film The Harder They Come; based on Vincent "Ivanhoe" Martin
 * Philip J. Ivanhoe (born 1954), leading scholar of Chinese philosophy

Businesses

 * Ivanhoe Bus Company, a bus and coach operator in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
 * Ivanhoe's Restaurant, a drive-in ice cream stand and family owned restaurant in Upland, Indiana, United States
 * Ivanhoe Mines, former name of Turquoise Hill Resources, a Canadian mineral exploration and development company
 * Ivanhoe of Sweden, manufacturer of knitwear and outdoor goods (since 1946)

Rail transportation

 * Ivanhoe Line, a railway line in England
 * Ivanhoe station (Illinois), a commuter rail station in Riverdale, Illinois
 * Ivanhoe railway station, Melbourne, a railway station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
 * Ivanhoe railway station, New South Wales, a railway station in Ivanhoe, New South Wales, Australia

Other uses

 * HMS Ivanhoe, two Royal Navy destroyers
 * Ivanhoe Masonic Temple, Kansas City, Missouri, formerly on the National Register of Historic Places, demolished in 1999
 * IVANHOE (software), an educational game

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ivanhoe (disambiguation)


text: User talk:202.105.135.4

title: User talk:202.105.135.4


text:
Big Bayou Canot rail accident

On September 22, 1993, an Amtrak Sunset Limited passenger train derailed on the CSX Transportation Big Bayou Canot Bridge near Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was caused by displacement of a span and deformation of the rails when a tow of heavy barges collided with the rail bridge eight minutes earlier. Forty-seven people were killed and 103 more were injured. To date, it is the deadliest train wreck in both Amtrak's history and Alabama's railway history. It is also the worst rail disaster in the United States since the 1958 Newark Bay rail accident, in which 48 people died.

Events
Prior to the derailment, a barge pushed by the towboat Mauvilla (owned and operated by Warrior and Gulf Navigation of Chickasaw, Alabama) made a wrong turn on the Mobile River and entered the Big Bayou Canot, an un-navigable channel of water crossed by a CSX Transportation rail bridge.

The towboat's pilot, Willie Odom, was not properly trained on how to read his radar and so, due to very poor visibility in heavy fog and his lack of experience, did not realize he was off course. The boat also lacked a compass and a chart of the waters. Odom believed that he was still on the Mobile River and had identified the bridge in the radar as another tug boat. After the investigation, he was found not to be criminally liable for the incident.

The bridge was struck by the Mauvilla at about 2:45 a.m. The span had been designed to rotate so it could be converted to a swing bridge by adding appropriate equipment. No such conversion had been performed but the span had not been adequately secured against unintended movement. The collision forced the unsecured end of the bridge span approximately 3 ft out of alignment and severely kinked the track.

Despite the displacement of the bridge, the continuously welded rails did not break. As a result, the track circuit controlling the bridge approach block signals remained closed (intact) and the nearest signal continued to display a clear (green) aspect. Had one of the rails been severed by the bridge's displacement, the track circuit would have opened, causing the approach signal to display a stop (red) aspect and the preceding signal a yellow (caution) approach indication. This might have given the Amtrak engineers sufficient time to stop the train or at least reduce its speed in an effort to mitigate the accident's severity.

At 2:53 a.m., Amtrak's Sunset Limited train, powered by three locomotives (one GE Genesis P40DC number 819 in the front and two EMD F40PHs, numbers 262 and 312) en route from Los Angeles, California, to Miami, Florida, with 220 passengers and crew aboard, crossed the bridge at around 70 mph and derailed at the kink. The first of its three locomotives slammed into the displaced span, causing that part of the bridge to collapse into the water beneath. The lead locomotive embedded itself nose-first into the canal bank and the other two locomotives, together with the baggage car, sleeping car and two of the six passenger cars, plunged into the water. The locomotives' fuel tanks, each of which held several thousand gallons of diesel fuel, ruptured upon impact, resulting in a massive fuel spill and a fire. Forty-seven people, including the train’s three engineers, two crew members, and 42 passengers were killed – many by drowning, others by fire/smoke inhalation. Another 103 were injured. The towboat's four crew members were not injured. Odom helped save 17 people after the crash using the same towboat that had been pushing the barge that hit the bridge.

The National Geographic documentary program Seconds From Disaster also examined the derailment. In addition to corroborating findings of the official accident report, the program revealed that the train had been delayed in New Orleans by repairs to an air conditioner unit and a toilet. This had put it a half-hour behind schedule. If not for this delay, the Sunset Limited would have passed over the Big Bayou Canot bridge 20 minutes before the bridge was hit by the barge.

Aftermath
As a result of its investigation of this derailment, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) made a comprehensive series of recommendations, on September 19, 1994, to the U.S. Department of Transportation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Coast Guard, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Amtrak, the American Waterways Operators, Inc., the Warrior & Gulf Navigation Company, the Association of American Railroads, and the American Short Line Railroad Association. Following a recommendation to maintain a record of onboard passenger numbers, Amtrak now records passenger lists electronically.

Notable passengers

 * Andrea Chancey — 11-year-old wheelchair-using "miracle child" with cerebral palsy, whose parents died in the crash
 * Ken Ivory and Michael Dopheide — honored by the Coast Guard for saving lives after the crash
 * R. C. Sproul — related his experience in the crash

title: Big Bayou Canot rail accident


text:
Meriasek

Saint Meriasek (Meriadeg) was a 6th-century Cornish and Breton saint. The legends of his life are known through Beunans Meriasek, a Cornish language play known from a single surviving manuscript copy dated 1504, and a few other sources. He is the patron saint of Camborne, and according to his legendary will his feast day is the first Friday in June (although it is celebrated in some places on 7 June).

Life
Meriasek was a Breton from a ducal family. Conan Meriadoc, the legendary king of Brittany at the time, wanted to arrange a political marriage for him, but Meriasek preferred to renounce his inheritance and become a priest. He performed several miraculous cures thereafter. He crossed the Channel to found an oratory in Camborne, Cornwall. Encountering persecution from King Teudar, he returned to Brittany (landing at Plougasnou) to found a chapel in Josselin, in the lands of the Viscounts of Rohan. His reputation for miracles attracted crowds and he decided to withdraw to Pontivy, close to the château of Rohan.

He assisted the Viscount in dealing with brigands who infested his lands by bringing down the fire of heaven upon them; in gratitude he founded three fairs at Noyal at the saint's request.

He is reputed to have healed many lepers and disabled people, to have driven off the highwaymen of Josselin through prayer, to have made water spring from solid rock, and to have calmed a storm. He was elevated to become bishop of Vannes but continued to wear a hair shirt, practise asceticism, and minister to the poor. He was buried in Vannes Cathedral. His sacred well in Camborne was long thought to have the power of healing the insane.

Legacy
An open-air performance of an adaptation of "Beurens Mariasek" was performed in Heartlands by well over 100 schoolchildren on 13 July 2012. The performance was the culmination of a project that introduced students to the Cornish language and the tradition of medieval Cornish drama through a series of workshops and rehearsals.

title: Meriasek


text:
Talk:Schabir Shaik

Untitled
What do others think about dividing this article into headings eg:
 * Early Life
 * Underground Years - ANC Intelligence, Bulelani Ngcuka
 * Controversial Issues - bringing in issues about Patricia de Lille, Jacob Zuma, Mac Maharaj, Ranjeni Munusamy, Chippy Shaik, Yunis Shaik, Mo Shaik, Alain Thetard, Shauket Fakie, Willem Heath, Joos Hefer and Thabo Mbeki. --Jcw69 08:10, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

News photographs of his ear-to-ear grin outside the courtroom have become as common of those of his furious scowl
If Mr Shaik is cleared, the government will breathe a huge sigh of relief.

But if he is found guilty, then history could judge the Shaik trial as a defining moment in South Africa's young democracy: Is South Africa to be a place where high officials can keep their reputation intact, regardless of association with sleaze?

title: Talk:Schabir Shaik


text:
Hiroko Emori

Hiroko Emori (江森 浩子) is a Japanese voice actress who works for Aoni Production.

Television animation

 * GeGeGe no Kitaro (1985), Sunakake Baba
 * Saint Seiya (1986), Seiya (Young), Kiki
 * Dragon Ball (1987), Chiaotzu
 * Dragon Ball Z (1989), Chiaotzu, Bulma's Mother, Idasa's Mother
 * Dragon Quest: Legend of the Hero Abel (1989), Minea
 * Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai (1991), Piroro, Nabara
 * Sailor Moon (1992), Balm, Garoben, Kazuko Tadashita
 * Marmalade Boy (1994), Chiyako
 * Sailor Moon S (1994), Hurdler (Daimon)
 * Ojarumaru (2001), Taruko
 * Dragon Ball Kai (2009), Chiaotzu
 * One Piece (2013), Jora
 * Dragon Ball Super (2015), Chiaotzu

Unknown date
 * Kamen no Ninja Akakage as Shōta
 * Blue Comet SPT Layzner as Anna Stephanie
 * BS Tantei Club: Yuki ni Kieta Kako as Toshie, Sachi Tachibana
 * Chibi Maruko-chan as Oyone
 * Domain of Murder as Keita Toyama
 * Dr Slump as Aoi Kimidori
 * Galaxy High as Aimee Brightower
 * G Gundam as Gina
 * High School! Kimengumi as Maki Hidari
 * Himitsu no Akko-chan as Kenta, Frog
 * Kabuki Klash as Tsunade
 * Kiteretsu Daihyakka as Osugi, Tsutomu
 * Nintama Rantarō as Danzo Kato, Heidayū Sasayama, Tomomi, Nintama, Hemuhemu (young)
 * Zatch Bell! as Yopopo
 * Rumiko Takahashi Anthology as Risa Hoshino
 * Sally, the Witch as Tetsuo Araki
 * Samurai Aces and Sengoku Blade: Sengoku Ace Episode II as Miko (Koyori)
 * Shounen Ashibe as Shinichi Sakata, Mayumi
 * Valkyrie Profile & Valkyrie Profile: Lenneth as Yumeru, Celia
 * Wonder Beat Scramble as Bio
 * Wing-Man as Yukari

Original video animation (OVA)

 * Fight! Iczer One (1985), Cobalt
 * Legend of the Galactic Heroes (1988), Emperor Erwin Josef II
 * Slow Step (1991), Ayako Sawamura
 * Armitage III (1995), Bronski

Theatrical animation

 * Dragon Ball: Mystical Adventure (1988), Chiaotzu
 * Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (1989), Oompy
 * Dragon Ball Z: The Tree of Might (1990), Chiaotzu
 * Dragon Ball Z: Bojack Unbound (1993), Chiaotzu
 * Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods (2013), Chiaotzu

Video games

 * Urusei Yatsura: Stay with You (1990)
 * Tenshi no Uta (1991), Clair
 * Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys (1993), Aria
 * Makeruna! Makendō 2: Kimero Youkai Souri (1995; PlayStation version), Mamarin
 * Another Century's Episode (2005), Anna Stephanie
 * Shining Hearts (2010), Madera Magus
 * Digimon Story: Cyber Sleuth (2015), Jesmon

Dubbing

 * Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends (1995-1998), Caroline the Car

title: Hiroko Emori


text:
USS Pargo

Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Pargo, named in honor of the pargo, a fish of the genus Lutjanus found in the West Indies.

 * The first USS Pargo (SS-264), was a Gato-class submarine, commissioned in 1943 and struck in 1960.
 * The second USS Pargo (SSN-650), was a Sturgeon-class submarine, commissioned in 1968 and struck in 1995.

パーゴ

title: USS Pargo


text:
BTI

BTI or Bti may refer to:

 * Acronyms
 * Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), a bacterium
 * Barisan Tani Indonesia
 * Baron Tornado Index of tornado probability
 * Before the Impact, an American TV series
 * Beverage Testing Institute
 * Bicycle Technologies International, Santa Fe, New Mexico, US
 * Boston Theological Institute
 * Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, US
 * Branch Target Identification, an AMD technology for mitigating computer security exploits;
 * Branch Target Injection or Spectre variant 2, a security vulnerability
 * Breaking the Impasse, an Israel-Palestinian group
 * Breed Technologies, Inc., now known as Joyson Safety Systems
 * Btrieve Technologies, Inc.
 * Because the Internet, the second studio album by American singer Childish Gambino

 * Codes and symbols
 * Barter Island LRRS Airport, Alaska, US, IATA airport code
 * British American Tobacco PLC, NYSE symbol
 * The ICAO designator of the Latvian flag carrier, AirBaltic.

title: BTI


text:
Martin J. Whitman

Martin J. Whitman (September 30, 1924 – April 16, 2018 ) was an American investment adviser and a strong critic of the direction of recent changes in Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the U.S. He was founder and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Third Avenue Management, and Portfolio Manager of the Third Avenue Value Fund.

Early life and education
Whitman was born to a Jewish family in the Bronx, New York. He served in the US Navy in the Pacific during World War II. Returning to New York state, he graduated from Syracuse University with a B.S. in business administration in 1949. He held an M.A. in economics from the New School of Social Research. He worked for various investment firms in New York City before setting up his own company in 1974, M.J. Whitman & Co. His first big successful investment was his purchase of $100,000 in mortgage bonds issued by the bankrupt Penn Central Railroad. He later sold the bonds for five times his original investment.

Views on Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Whitman used the quarterly shareholder letters of his fund as a running critique of what he called the "primacy of the income account" ("primacy of the income account" means that corporate wealth is created only by flows, i.e., having positive earnings, and/or cash flows for a period), which he argued serves only short-term speculators rather than long-term investors. For example, in his July 31, 2004 letter Wayback Machine, he wrote that recent developments in GAAP "...increasingly impose unneeded and counter-productive burdens on American corporations, American management and American capital markets. GAAP... ought to be geared toward meeting the needs and desires of creditors rather than the needs and desires of short-term stock market speculators... [T]he amount of money invested in credit instruments of all types in our economy dwarfs the amount of funds invested in equities." Furthermore, "Most private companies, given a choice, seek to enhance [Net Asset Value] by means other than having reported operating income, which is taxable at maximum rates."

He argued that "in GAAP... material facts [should] be disclosed in a conservative, consistent, and reliable manner", and that "Financial statements [should] be prepared under the assumption that the users of such financial statements are reasonably intelligent, reasonably diligent, and are people who understand not only the uses, but also the limitations, of GAAP... [T]he most GAAP can give... are objective benchmarks which the analyst then uses as a tool to determine his, or her, version of economic truth and economic reality."

As an example of the difference in these perspectives, he discussed the current controversy over whether stock options ought to be expensed using "fair value method" or "intrinsic value method" and points out that the issue of stock dilution is "a stockholder problem, not a company problem". He pointed out that to a creditor there is "a world of difference in the credit-worthiness of an issuer who... pays out... $200 million per annum in cash for executive compensation... [and one who] issues stock options on a non-dividend-paying common stock with a "fair value" of $200 million" (the point being that the latter is of almost no concern to a creditor).

In particular, he cited as wrongheaded an advertisement in the Wall Street Journal of April 27, 2004, which argued that "financial statements exist to help investors make informed investment decisions". He responded, "That statement is just plain wrong from either a public policy point of view or a creditor's point of view. Financial statements exist to fulfill the needs and desires of many constituencies: managements, creditors, governments, customers, etc." (italics in original).

Economic views
Although a strong advocate of capitalism, Whitman was a critic of free markets in the sense advocated by Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek. For example, in a discussion of John Maynard Keynes, Friedman and Hayek, Whitman wrote that the three "…great economists… missed a lot of details that are part and parcel of every value investor's daily life." While calling Hayek "100% right" in his critique of the pure command economy, he wrote "However, in no way does it follow, as many Hayek disciples seem to believe, that government is per se bad and unproductive while the private sector is, per se good and productive. In well-run industrial economies, there is a marriage between government and the private sector, each benefiting from the other." As illustrations of this, he points at "Japan after World War II, Singapore and the other Asian Tigers, Sweden and China today… Government has a necessary role in determining how control persons [management, boards of directors, etc.] are incentivized…

He argued, in particular, for the value of government-provided credit and of carefully crafted tax laws. Further, Whitman argued (explicitly against Hayek) that "a free market situation is probably also doomed to failure if there exist control persons who are not subject to external disciplines imposed by various forces over and above competition." The lack of these disciplines, said Whitman, lead to "1. Very exorbitant levels of executive compensation… 2. Poorly financed businesses with strong prospects for money defaults on credit instruments… 3. Speculative bubbles… 4. Tendency for industry competition to evolve into monopolies and oligopolies… 5. Corruption." For all of these he provides recent examples from the U.S. economy, which he considers to be in some respects under-regulated, although in other respects over-regulated (he is generally opposed to Sarbanes-Oxley ).

He believed that an apparently "free" relationship—that between a corporation and its investors and creditors—is actually a blend of "voluntary exchanges" and "coercion". For example, there are "voluntary activities, where each individual makes his or her own decision whether to buy, sell, or hold" but there are also what he defined as "[c]oercive activities, where each individual security holder is forced to go along…provided that a requisite majority of other security holders so vote…" His examples of the latter included proxy voting, most merger and acquisition transactions, certain cash tender offers, and reorganization or liquidation in bankruptcy. Whitman also states that "Corporate America would not work at all unless many activities continued to be coercive."

"I am one with Professor Friedman that, other things being equal, it is far preferable to conduct economic activities through voluntary exchange relying on free markets rather than through coercion. But Corporate America would not work at all unless many activities continued to be coercive."

Retirement
In February 2012, Whitman announced that he was retiring from active management of the $3.2 billion Third Avenue Value Fund. he will hand over responsibility to his longtime co-manager and protégé, Ian Lapey on March 1, 2012.

Philanthropy
In 2003, Whitman donated $23 million to Syracuse University which renamed its School of Management after Whitman, becoming the Martin J. Whitman School of Management. The same year, he was elected member of the board of trustees at Syracuse University. He was also an adjunct faculty member at Yale School of Management In 2008, he and his wife founded The Lois and Martin Whitman Scholarship Fund at Tel Aviv University to support the educational needs of Arab-Israeli students. Whitman related his experience as a Jew in the United States, “I spent half my life as a second-class citizen” and his inability to attend Ivy League colleges at the time. Sympathizing with their situation, he told the students it is important “to give scholarships to Arab students at Tel Aviv University." Whitman was a supporter of the Two state solution in Israel.

Personal life
Whitman's wife, Lois Whitman, is an attorney and social worker. Since 1994, she has been the founder and director of the Children's Rights Division at the international rights monitoring organization Human Rights Watch. They have three children and six grandchildren. He died on April 16, 2018, at the age of 93 in New York City. His daughter is Tony Award-winning producer Barbara Whitman and his son Yale Law School professor James Whitman.

Works

 * Whitman, Martin J. (1999). Value Investing: A Balanced Approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-16292-2.
 * Whitman, Martin J. & Shubik, Martin (2005). The Aggressive Conservative Investor (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-76805-7.
 * Whitman, Martin J. & Diz, Fernando (2009). Distress Investing: Principles And Technique. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-11767-5.
 * Whitman, Martin J. & Diz, Fernando (2013). Modern Security Analysis: Understanding Wall Street Fundamentals. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-39004-7.

title: Martin J. Whitman


text: Category:Politicians in North America

title: Category:Politicians in North America


text:
User:Sean Kelly/Mathematics

New introduction for Mathematics (and Category:Mathematics)
Here is my proposal for a new introduction for these sections: (in progress, please add)

Mathematics is most commonly thought of as the study of numbers and equations. Most students get a foundation in mathematics by first learning Arithmetic, the study of computation with Natural numbers. Students then progress to elementary algebra, where they learn to work with variables, functions, and the Real numbers. Finally, students learn Geometry, which also gives them an introduction to logic and proof.

Mathematics builds on these basic mechanics to form a broad discipline, much like how literature is built on top of the principles of language. Modern mathematics is most simply split into two branches: Analysis, which includes Calculus, and  Algebra.

 * Numbers: If two teams are playing football, then each player can shake the hand of someone from the other team. Everyone can do this at the same time, and no one will be left out.  A number is a way of measuring quantity.  We say that the two teams have the same number of players because there is some nice way to line them up (a "bijective map", handshakes).  We can imagine a team with one extra player, or two, and so forth.  These numbers are called Natural numbers.  The study of counting natural numbers is Arithmetic.
 * However, we can get more complex in our counting. For example, what is the number of whole numbers?  There are so many that the answer cannot be written as a whole number itself.  As another example, we can ask how many valid English sentences there are.  Since we can make a sentence of any length ('I have fifty cats named Muffin, and Butters, and Joseph...') the answer, again, is not a whole number.  We can now ask, are there as many English sentences as there are whole numbers?  Take any number, and you can make it into a sentence, say, 'I love the number five hundred six'.  Take any sentence, and you

 * Relations: mathematics is also concerned with how things are related. For example, we say "Joe and I are as tall as each other, but neither of us are as tall as the Empire State Building."  We can also use these relations to arrive at intuitive conclusions, for example, "Superman can leap over the Empire State Building, therefore Superman can leap over me."  The study of relations in space is Geometry.  The study of relations to arrive at conclusions is Logic.
 * Sets and structure: A set is a collection of elements, such as numbers, ideas, skyscrapers, or other sets. Sets are the basic building block of modern mathematics, and tie together relations and numbers.  We use sets to describe otherwise complex ideas, for example, "the set of all multiples of four (4, 8, 12, ...) contained in the set of all even numbers (2, 4, 6, 8,...)."

Reasons
Discussion of this topic already exists, at Talk:Mathematics and Talk:Mathematics
 * 1) I don't want to scare people away by the first sentence of this article.  Though I know we all agree that defining mathematics as the study of numbers isn't quite right, it is nevertheless what people will be looking for when the visit the page on mathematics.
 * 2) While none of the above is the "right" definition, they are not wrong.  It's intended to be as informal as possible without being false.
 * 3) The first paragraph needs to be simple and interesting to a wide audience.  This aims at that (notice the culture-neutral mention of "football").
 * 4) If people want a formal definition of mathematics, they can read further down.
 * 5) IMHO, the first word in any formal definition of mathematics should be 'relations'.  Though I guess 'abstract structures' is good too.

title: User:Sean Kelly/Mathematics


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nathaniel Y. Walton

Nathaniel Y. Walton
Nathaniel Y. Walton was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

(sigh) I feel bad about this. Article is lengthy, detailed, and well-written, but appears to be autobiographical and despite this guy's numerous accomplishments, I don't think it is or could be encyclopedic. — [[User:Knowledge Seeker|Knowledge Seeker দ (talk)]] 08:21, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

NOTE: User:134.181.37.132 (who briefly used the account User:Nywalton and then went back to the anon ip) has begun creating articles on his entire family - Alethea W. McCormick and David S. Walton may just be the beginning. I've also warned 134.181 that he will be blocked if he keeps removing vfd notices. Gamaliel 19:57, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

NOTE: Redirects Alethea Meigs (Walton) McCormick, Nathaniel Young Walton and David Sellers Walton may have to be listed on WP:RFD depending on the outcome of the votes here. --MarkSweep 00:58, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Vanity page. Preppy American freshman who thinks an enormous amount of himself
 * Delete. Vanity page. --Gene s 08:25, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Resume-cruft. Gamaliel 08:27, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity, not notable. Muntfish 08:31, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)
 * Keep. Definite accomplishments, notable events, well-written. Not typical vanity at all. Edwin 08:55, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC) Also thanks to GRider for his insightful and sincere mockery.  Edwin 06:43, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Sure, he's an accomplished kid, but are his accomplishments worthy of an encyclopedia article? Does every officer in a College Republicans chapter and every GOP intern deserve an encyclopedia article? Gamaliel 08:58, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Wow. Longest vanity article I've ever seen. Delete. - Vague | Rant 09:28, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Unsure. I disagree that this is a well-written article. Any article (or stub) should in the first two paragraphs establish what is being described and why it's interesting enough to deserve an article. This doesn't even try to answer the second question until the last few sentences of a long article, and even then not very explicitly. So perhaps with a new introduction and general refactor it might be a keeper. I'm doubtful. Andrewa 09:46, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: What accomplishments?  He's the male equivalent of Tracy Flick from Election.  Every school has a kid like this.  He chose his parents well, and he got into college and wrote for the school paper.  Vanity of the usual sort.  Geogre 15:05, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: vanity. Tracy Flick is right.  The Boilerplate says Cleanup though ? --Tomheaton 16:32, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Vanity -- I'm in the U.S. Capitol almost every day and could snag five clones of this guy just by walking a few feet with my arms outstretched. Katefan0 16:48, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as vanity unless Edwin can convince me what his "definate" noteworthy accomplishments are. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:16, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I should note that the article appears to have been speedily deleted at 12/9 12:47 ("no useful content" was the reason given), then recreated at 13:14 by the original author. It was quickly marked for cleanup, then Katefan0 re-added the VFD notice (thanks). That's why you saw a cleanup notice, and that's why the comments here predate the first version in the history. The version I put the VFD notice on was significantly longer and more detailed, although written in the same style. I still believe the article is worthy of deletion, although I don't believe it was a candidate for speedy deletion. — [[User:Knowledge Seeker|Knowledge Seeker দ (talk)]] 17:23, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. He could become notable later but simply being head of the College Republicans, even at a big college, is not encyclopedic notability. -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:46, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable, probable auto-biography, vanity -- what's to like? --Calton 20:26, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity... P Ingerson 00:39, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Assuming it's autobiography, he's welcome to put it on his user page. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:54, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. But just the same, I encourage the author to spend more time writing vanity articles and less time being a College Republican. Everyking 06:28, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. These vanity articles are getting out of hand. I guess we have this guy to blame for Bush winning? -R. fiend 07:53, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Just delete it. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 08:11, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well written, but this person is not notable. Delete.  --L33tminion | (talk) 19:19, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Del.Mikkalai 08:40, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Perhaps notable within his community, but nowhere near notable enough for an international encyclopedia. [[User:David_Johnson|David Johnson [ T|C ] ]] 13:04, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Universiti Teknologi Petronas

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) is a Malaysian research university established 10 January 1997. It is wholly owned by Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Malaysia's oil and gas multinational corporation. The campus is built on 400 ha in the new township of Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. The university conducts research activities in collaboration with PETRONAS on six research areas. They are self-sustainable building, transport infrastructure, health analytics, hydrocarbon recovery, contaminant management and autonomous system. In 2023, the university become the best university in Malaysia according to Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

History
In 1997, UTP was established in Perak, Malaysia when PETRONAS was invited by the Government of Malaysia to set up a university. Setting up a university from scratch poses formidable challenges, and the first step was taken in December 1998 with the completion of the UTP academic master plan. This acted as the basis for the physical master plan studies and registration or accreditation of degree programmes. The process of master planning was completed in 2002 and the construction of the area under consideration was completed in August 2004.

Campus
The university site is located one kilometre from the village of Tronoh, a former mining town in the Perak Tengah district of Perak, the largest state on the west coast of the peninsula. The 2 site lies within the commercial corridor between Kuala Lumpur and Penang, some 10 km from the town of Batu Gajah and 25 km from the city of Ipoh. A total amount of 7.3MWp solar panel were installed at its building rooftop.

Academic complex
The new academic complex was designed by Foster and Partners, and the first-phase construction was completed in 2004. The design received an Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2007. The overall layout of the new academic complex is in the shape of a five-pointed star made up by five semicircles. The new academic complex was officially opened by the former chairman of PETRONAS and ITPSB Board, YBhg Tun Azizan Zainul Abidin. Currently, almost all of the academic activities have been shifted to the new campus. A ‘star concept’ diagram, overlaying vision, site, programme and quality, was used as a template to zone various facilities and initiate the preliminary design,

Notable alumni

 * Jessica Minh Anh, supermodel
 * Sarah Adiba Yussof, television presenter
 * Wan Ahmad Fayhsal, Former Deputy Minister of Youth and Sports
 * Yeo Bee Yin, Former Minister of Energy, Technology, Science, Climate Change and Environment (2018-2020)

title: Universiti Teknologi Petronas


text:
File:Mclachlan-afterglow.jpg

CD cover

title: File:Mclachlan-afterglow.jpg


text:
User talk:David Vasquez~enwiki/Archive 2

=Election Archive= The following Talk comments were made during the period leading up to the December 2004 Arbitration Committee Election:

Candidate Endorsements page organization
They only have to click on one extra link to see what you have to say, and you can say whatever you choose there in your user namespace. Please review the associated talk page if you want to understand the reasons for this, but currently we have reached a compromise format and I do not plan to change it. --Michael Snow 00:08, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * The reason your endorsements are not on the individual candidate subpages is because I was copying from the version someone else had reverted back to, which didn't include them either. Presumably that's because yours were added to the different incarnation on the "Discussion" subpage. I'm sorry I forgot about that, and feel free to add them back in.

 * There's nothing dishonest about my comment; it is absolutely true. This format is far more useful because it allows people to decide what they are interested in reading. When only one page is overwhelmed with endorsements, your comments are probably less likely to really get read, as nobody will care much what you have to say mixed in with the jumble of other endorsements.

 * If you think excerpting is so important, why don't you try incorporating an excerpt in the text after the pipe character for the link to your endorsement page, like maybe the names of the users you endorse? What is "wiki-like" is creative problem-solving, not reactionary insistence on perpetuating flawed systems. --Michael Snow 00:34, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the piping suggestion. I went ahead and made that change. --DV 01:00, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Based on VeryVerily's edit summary (rv - why does this one user get to put commentary here?), I'm hopeful that what disturbed him was partly the unusual prominence the piped version had when it was the only one on the page. Now that it's not, and Johnleemk has commented in support on the talk page as well, maybe that can establish more acceptance of this compromise. --Michael Snow 06:08, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Re: Votes for arbitration
Dear David, my apologies for accidentally blundering onto the "Requests for arbitration" page with comments I was not entitled to put there. In my defence I can only say that I had been asked to comment there (a message sent to my User Talk page requested I do so), andI misunderstood the title of the pages. I had assumed that "Requests" meant that 'ordinary' Wikipedians were requesting that a page go on to a further stage where it would be looked at by administrators - the page title didn't suggest to me that it was final vote on arbitration. Sorry again, Grutness 18:48, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * No need to apologize for an innocent posting in the wrong place. I've posted a suggestion on your user talk page. --DV 01:37, 21 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Your questions
My response is on User talk:Mirv/Arbitration election. —No-One Jones (m) 02:46, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Your questions
In response to your questions, 1) I do not agree that Shorne's actions warrant blocks or a ban; and 2) I would not have blocked Shorne from editing communism-related articles for the length of the arbitration proceedings.

Because I am closer to the individual contributors who actually get things done around here, I think that I am better able to see the relationship between behavioral problems (e.g., repeated reversions) and the systemic problems in Wikipedia that engender and encourage the methods certain users approach conflict. Repeated reversions are inevitable when you lump together so many users whose worldviews diverge so starkly, such as Shorne and VeryVerily, and allow them to freely edit articles on subjects as emotionally charged and contentious as communism and nationalism. Because the dispute resolution process is so slow and cumbersome, repeated reversions are often the only method of dealing with conflict when dealing with someone who insisted on their point of view. If Shorne and VV were to be banned this minute, their disputes would just give way to revert wars between a new set of users working on these articles.

Because I have actually worked with both Shorne and VeryVerily, I can see them as "revert warriors" while understanding their merits as contributors. Both are incredibly knowledgeable and intelligent; both are prolific editors. (I have my own biases that lead me to believe that one has a better grasp of modern history and contemporary politics and a more compelling point of view than the other; but this is irrelevant to my objective understanding of what both of them have the capacity to offer our community.)

First, I would favor drafting a finding of fact that acknowledges their committment to the project and their merits as contributors. I would make it clear that the community did not view them as 'problem users' but rather as two contributors locked in a difficult political and personality feud in need of arbitration to establish a modus vivendi that would allow both of them to coexist as editors.

I would favor this instead of something that comes across as a 'sanction'. Trolls and vandals should be banned and blocked; but the best approach to disputes and repeated reversions is establishing a workable framework that allows all parties involved to coexist as editors. For example, I would favor a remedy requiring either of them to justify their changes on the talk page before reverting; if this not obeyed, a temporary block could result. If they cannot have a reasonable discussion with each other, they should be forced to foster a discussion between a different set of users pertaining to the merits of their competing versions.

If you want me to elaborate on the proposed remedies that I'd favor, please let me know.

Thanks,

172 04:19, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I just saw the latest note on my talk page. Thanks for giving me the chance to respond. Please post additional questions and comments if you have any. 172 05:34, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Not at all, David. I would ideally have liked to vote privately, but seeing as I've had to give my vote in public, I might as well go all the way! Cheers, Tannin 08:33, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * My pleasure, David. Cheers, Tannin

Arbcom voting template
It's a template - you can edit it at Template:ArbComElection, and insert it using. Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 15:11, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think it needs to be protected - if someone vandalizes it, someone else will revert it soon enough. Policy does not allow pages with no history of vandalism to be protected. Rdsmith4— Dan | Talk 16:13, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The Campaign Begins
Salve, David Vasquez! Thanks for sending me the campaign banner. I will indeed post it on my user page. As someone who has campaigned for public office I can attest to how hard it is to get any attention. Once I ran for an office people weren't aware even existed! Good luck on your own campaign. Ave atque vale! PedanticallySpeaking 18:11, Nov 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not running for office, but I am running something of a "get out the vote" campaign!

 * Cheers,

 * --DV 18:26, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Salve! Your "small world" comment reminds me of the best "small world" story I know. My cousin, who lives in Richland, Washington, is very active in her professional organization and travels to all the conventions, etc. One day she's sitting at O'Hare waiting to change planes and strikes up a conversation with her seatmates. The usual stuff, what do you do, where are you headed, that sort of thing. She asks where they're from. Richmond, Kentucky they tell her. Richmond, Kentucky! Why my cousin teaches at the university there. Really? What's his name. She tells them. Why we've known him for years! In O'Hare airport? There's a cafe in Paris--the name escapes me at present--that supposedly if you sit there the entire world will pass you by eventually. Perhaps O'Hare is the same way--certainly Frankfurt would be. I've heard that if Jesus Christ himself returned to Earth he'd have to go through Frankfurt. Ave! PedanticallySpeaking 18:32, Nov 22, 2004 (UTC)

Election thoughts
I was quite surprised to see that you haven't listed a candidate statement. Perhaps I misunderstood you before? I thought you wanted to run for the ArbCom, and were interested in getting information out about your campaign? Maybe you only want to campaign for others? If so then I *really* recommend that you get their permission first, as your actions seem to me highly likely to actually damage their reputations rather than help them.

There's something else that is puzzling me. I read over your endorsements, and the thing that is interesting to me is that you seem to have a concern about "insiders", and yet you endorse 3 people who are quite clearly "insiders" while giving a negative evaluation of someone who is very much thought to be a troublesome revert warrior by the majority of "insiders" that I know.

I really wonder if you don't have some mistaken ideas about who the insiders are, and what they are like. This would help me to understand why you're using rhetoric that seems so at odds with the reality of the situation.

--Jimbo Wales 19:38, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I posted a reply back on Jimbo's talk page. There are some very simple issues to resolve here. I appreciate the references to other election staffers from Theresa Knott. --DV 22:39, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I'm sorry I've upset you
David you seem very upset by my comments on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Arbitration_Committee_Elections_December_2004/Candidate_statements/Endorsements#Election_Campaigning_-_What_is_the_Spam_Threshold.3F the endorsement talk page]. Please let me reassure you that it was not my intention at all to belittle you or or make you feel like you're not "grown up" enough to be involved. I certainly was being serious and I was not trying to wind you up. I've replied on bith Jimbo's talk page and on the endorsement page, but both pages are very busy and i don't want to risk you not seeing my comment. This has all been a terrible misunderstanding. Please accept my apology for any anger I caused you, I assure you it was not intentional. Theresa Knott (Tart, knees hot) 20:30, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I posted a reply interleaved with Jimbo's and your previous one back on Jimbo's talk page. Thanks for the references. --DV 22:40, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Another "get out the vote" banner goes up!
Done. Thanks for the tip! 172 21:12, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Done. :) -- ran [[User talk:Ran|(talk)]] 23:50, Nov 22, 2004 (UTC)

Martin gets organized
Regarding "get out the vote" stuff. I've moved some stuff to Wikipedia talk:Spam/arbcom elections for starters. I'm not trying to marginalise this issues - more centralise it. I find it hard to follow discussions when they're spread out over several different pages: it becomes easy to miss some criticial point of view. Also, people often resort to making the same point in several places, which dilutes the overall signal/noise ratio. I've left pointers from the old locations, and in other appropriate places, such as the top of Wikipedia talk:Arbitration Committee Elections December 2004.

May I suggest that you:
 * 1) Move any other conversation you know of on this point to the same place, so we can see everything people think about it at one glance.
 * 2) Have a look at reworking the page to remove a few bits of duplication that have cropped up where you've posted the same thing to multiple places.
 * 3) If you feel it is appropriate, publicise the page further.

Thanks, Martin 00:05, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Spam is in the eye of the beholder
Thanks for your reply, I respect what you're trying to do. Anyway, I gave a few more rambling thoughts on that page, although I fear they probably don't form the most coherent point. :) Shane King 04:36, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your vote
Although I'm a bit confused. You stated that you want Talk pages to remain an open forum, yet you are voting against allowing users to receive campaign messages on their user talk pages?

Could you clarify your position so I can better understand your perspective?

Thanks again for taking the time to vote on this proposal.

--DV 11:12, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not voting against users getting campaign messages. I'm voting against a mandatory "tag" for deciding whether one wants them _or_not_. I think that one should have the opportunity to post campaign messages to any talk page, subject only to the de facto rules for talk pages. — David Remahl 11:18, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Hi again, DV. I'm afraid I can't agree with your proposal. You'll see my reasons on the poll page (hope I didn't mess your tidy poll up too much). I'll add a little more detail here, so that you can see where I'm coming from. One of the reasons I have less time for the 'pedia than I used to is that I now administer a couple of special-purpose wikis for community groups here in Australia, with a third one on the drawing board. In doing this, I've had to learn a good deal about the software that makes Wikipedia (and my wikis) possible — and trust me, it is not a simple task to install it or administer it. Above all, each wiki requires a great deal of hand customisation (at least it does if you want the job done right) and every time the software changes, I (and countless other wiki webmasters around the world) groan and shudder at the work involved. Sure, each change is for the better - well, mostly - but each change also requires a phenomenal amount of work - not just from people like me, but also from the developers, who must code it, test it, debug it, and deal with all the emails from users who don't understand how to drive it!

For a change to be worthwhile, it really needs to be a change of broad usefullness. If at all possible, it should not require a change to the database format - as if it does, the upgrade hurdle is much, much higher. (Despite the best efforts of the development team, the MediaWiki database update procedure remains horribly complex and far from risk-free. Data loss is a constant fear.) The addition of the categories code is a good example of an excellent change. It is broadly applicable to almost any wiki, is very easy for users to understand (uses can simply ignore it if they please), it is a general-purpose feature enhancement that benefits almost everyone, and, if there is no need for it in a particular circumstance, it adds no extra complication to speak of. The proposed election messages mod, in contrast, would be a highly specialised one with (I imagine) no broad general-purpose use. This is exactly the sort of "just one extra feature" that we should strive to avoid.

If peope want to complain about election messages, let them complain. The candidates are not stupid: they will soon work it out. And if they are stupid .... good! I want to know if someone is stupid before I vote for him!

Best regards,

Tannin 12:55, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

PS: I'll take this oportunity to recognise the excellent work you are doing on the election. Although I disagree on this particular point, in broad I soppurt and applaud it. - T.

We cross-posted. Forgive me not taking the time to respond in depth to the many interesting and important points you just raised - I'm off to the other side of the continent in the morning, and really should be getting myself organised, not fooling about on the 'pedia! Some really quick points though, not well-thought-out, just off the top of my head.

 * I have no idea how many people frequent recent changes vs rarely visit it. I have always more-or-less assumed that everyone does just because I do myself. But I have absolutely no evidence for that. I'd really like to know!
 * Would we get better wiki-government by publicising elections more broadly? Or worse? Lacking evidence, I am reduced to guessing. My guess is about the same. Right now we get the serious editors (because they make themselves aware of at least the major goings-on), and the loonies and trolls (because they are loonies and trolls). A bigger turnout would redress the balance. But would adding a lot of votes by people for whom wiki-government is of marginal relevance result in more common sense? Or more ignorance of the way things really work and what actually needs doing? (No answer to this one, I'm just asking the question.)
 * IMO, one of the worst things about the 'pedia these days is the IRC channel. If you are not on IRC, you are a second-class citizen. If I was Tsar Jimbo, I'd ban IRC. (If I possibly could - probably impractical: be like banning marijuana or alcohol.)
 * Recent changes, I suspect, is less visited than it was, say, 2 years ago, or even 1 year ago. The changes come so thick and fast now that no-one can keep up. I think there is a cae for splitting recent changes into several categorised lists (using article categories: sport, entertainment, history, science, etc). That way, contributors could at least try to keep up with (e.g.) the history pages, and maybe we would recover a little of that community spirit that is so lacking of late.

Best: Tannin 13:16, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Election image
Please correct Image:ArbComElectionDec2004.jpg so that it reflects the correct dates for the election, which have been changed to run from December 4th to December 18th. --Michael Snow 16:37, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I fully support your effort to get out the vote
David, you wrote "Unfortunately my proposals for getting out the vote are being met with a lukewarm response by the insiders around here, so I'm hopeful a grassroots effort can work around the lack of 'official' publicity for the election."

I think this comment is very unfair. I think you'd be much more successful if you didn't go around acting like the elections are a sham and that some mysterious "insiders" are trying to keep it low profile. I support that we make the elections very high profile, but the irony is, I suspect that this will result in the _opposite_ result from what you want.

What I do not support is your going around making inflammatory comments. It's just divisive and serves no helpful purpose in achieving the goals you seek. Can you please tone the rhetoric down a little bit? Good people want to help you, but you make it quite hard when you attack them at the same time. Jimbo Wales 21:15, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I've posted a reply on your user talk page, but I'll just state here that as the number of voters grows, the ratio of trolls to good editors should stay roughly the same, with the result that the good editors will outnumber the trolls more than ever. (This ratio should also hold true as the overall size of the community grows.)

 * I can understand your perspective that you feel I am attacking good people. You'll get no argument from me that almost everybody I've dealt with is "good people". But as I've stated from the get-go, the failures of the current Administration have gone on for too long, and the consequences are starting to multiply, so it is good and right to point this out and look for fresh faces with fresh ideas that will make the editing environment better.

 * I've posted more detailed replies and analysis on your talk page.

 * Regards,

 * --DV 05:57, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

An election promotion proposal
What do you think of putting a nice message on the edit screen asking people to vote? This seems to me to be the ideal placement for such a message, since it reaches *all* the editors. Furthermore, it best targets the audience you're looking for: the good editors who stay away from policy pages. --Jimbo Wales 21:22, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * That's a bloody good idea IMO Theresa Knott (Tart, knees hot) 21:25, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Excellent creative thinking, but it will also reach many, many people who cannot vote (people who haven't ever logged in or who haven't had their username for at least 90 days). If we choose this, we need to be willing to deal with a significant volume of concerns from such people. --Michael Snow 22:29, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes. An excellent idea. Micheal Snow's concern can be addressed quite easily with a fairly small modification to the code. The edit page code already has to figure out if the user is logged-in or an anon, so step 1 is to only provide the notice to logged-in users. Step 2 is to add a second if clause checking to see if the user has been registered for 90 days. This should be a simple thing to code - hell, I could probably manage it myself and I'm strictly a hardware man. A real programmer (a Tim Starling or an Eloquence, for example) could do this in a jiffy. And thirdly, it might actually make an extension of general usefulness (i.e., not just for election notices). For example, we could use it to have different default editing help screens for anons, new users and veterans, targetted to their level of experience. Tannin 23:08, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree that this is an excellent idea. I really appreciate the hands-on approach used by the founder of this site. Do Tannin's refinements make this viable? --DV 06:06, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for fixing the image. Tannin's suggestions would satisfy me. --Michael Snow 06:09, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I love the idea, but ideally, in the long term, we should move to promulgate awareness about Wikipedia's workings; perhaps even during non-election times, we could have a short quip like "Want to get even more involved in Wikipedia? Vote or discuss policy, collaborations of the week, featured article/picture candidates and more!". Asking someone completely unaware of how Wikipedia works to vote is like asking someone completely unaware of how America's government works to vote. It doesn't matter if they don't know the exact things (how many voters in the recent US election knew how the electoral college works?), but I really don't think it makes sense to ask a user who's never edited a page in the Wikipedia: namespace before to vote for candidates he may never even have heard of. Johnleemk | Talk 13:11, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Wikipolitix
David, thanks for your very encouraging comments. My suggestion of a resistance movement within Wikipedia was not altogether serious, and would probably not be very effective for the reasons you suggest. But I do think it is time for a political party, a party which can campaign among the community of Wikipedians for an agreed program of reforms: a platform. As you say, however, political parties can only operate within a democratic political structure - a structure in which the majority can gain control of "the state" (in this case Wikipedia) through an electoral process. At the moment Wikipedia is not a democracy, it is somewhere between an anarchy and a benevolent dictatorship of Mr Wales. So the first plank of our platform must be the establishment of democratic control over the editorial policy of Wikipedia. A democratic process, however, implies a "demos," an electorate or community of citizens. Creating a defined community of registered Wikipedians, and criteria for membership of it, must therefore be the second plank. Adam 09:58, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Re: Voting tallies
number of active editors? ==

For some reason I was under the impression that thousands of editors were working on this project.

There are, but very very very few are active any more; see Special:Listusers. Most users register and leave after a while.

If there really are thousands of editors, then your examples only strengthen my argument that elections need more publicity, because most editors have clearly not been watching for polls and elections if only 1% of them voted.

Extremely few users stay for long, and of those that do, most of them edit sporadically. At the most, there's somewhere between 500 and a thousand active users on Wikipedia, by my rough estimate.

(As a matter of fact, in most countries with free and fair elections, the vote would be disbelieved and annulled as a farce if only 1% of the electorate turned out.)

As a matter of fact, Wikipedia is not most countries. We are an encyclopedia, not an attempt at a democracy. Though we do our best to ensure voting is conducted smoothly, we can't be bothered to spam every user's talk page whenever there's a new survey.

''I myself only found out about this election by an offhand reference on someone's user talk page. And I've known serious, although absent-minded writers who needed to be reminded to change their clothes every day, so this business about expecting any serious editor to check the portal and recent changes seems overly optimistic - hence my suggestions to be more proactive about publicizing elections.''

As I've already told you, if you'd like to spam people, it's none of my business, but the idea of putting up notices about the election and expecting people to read them is a procedure that weeds out inappropriate voters, IMO. Can you honestly expect users who have never interacted with more than a few of these users to be able to properly vote for them? It's very hard to judge who's appropriate and whose not based only on their statement of candidacy, and few voters will be willing to look at anything other than that; certainly they won't bother to look up every candidate's past history.

In short, there's no point in advertising to a group of people who have never taken interest in Wikipedia's internal workings. It's like asking someone who doesn't care about politics at all to vote — there's no point. Rather, why not get that person interested in politics? That's why I told you to make people aware about Wikipedia's internal workings — the community portal, for example. Getting out the vote for the sake of getting out the vote is pointless if the voters know nothing about what or who they're voting for.

''I myself only found out about this election by an offhand reference on someone's user talk page. And I've known serious, although absent-minded writers who needed to be reminded to change their clothes every day, so this business about expecting any serious editor to check the portal and recent changes seems overly optimistic - hence my suggestions to be more proactive about publicizing elections.''

If users specifically ask you for reminders that's okay, but unsolicited crossposting about a subject the users you're talking to probably have never bothered to think about before makes no sense at all to me.

You stated, "I see no point in advertising the election on several thousand user talk pages", so please back up your speculation about why this isn't necessary with some objective data, otherwise I think your assumptions are mistakenly supporting a policy which (un-intentionally) suppresses voter turnout.

Close to 500 people voted in the Arbitration Committee Elections July 2004. Johnleemk | Talk 14:59, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

My responce to you
Sorry I couldn't respond to your message quickly. I was on Vacation for Thanksgiving. I responded on my talk in the Italic text. Thank for showing interest in me! :)--[[User:Plato|Comrade Nick @  )---^-- ]] 08:08, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Foundation Issues
Can be found here

Kim Bruning 14:33, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Quick note on Public Domain and US Government
is almost certainly not in the public domain via the US government. Merely being Federally funded is not enough to trigger the requirement that the production has no copyright. More than likely, this photo was taken by an employee of the school, and this person is almost certainly not a U.S. government employee acting in an official capacity. (School teachers are normally employees of the local school district which might be a division of a State government, but almost never Federal.)

In general, just taking something from a website that might (or might not) be Federally funded is not enough to ensure public domain status.

I hope this explanation is helpful. :-)

By the way, I'm not comfortable with the idea that you changed your user page based to remove endorsements at what you think is my request. I'm not really sure what I said that made you think I wanted this. Jimbo Wales 10:43, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I responded on Jimbo's user talk page. --DV 03:15, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
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title: File:Mclachlan-freedom.jpg


text:
Ras Shorty I

Ras Shorty I (6 October 1941 – 12 July 2000), born Garfield Blackman and also known as Lord Shorty, was a Trinidadian calypsonian and soca musician, known as the Father of Soca and The Love Man.

Biography
He was born Garfield Blackman in Lengua Village, Princes Town, Trinidad, and rose to fame as "Lord Shorty" with his 1963 hit "Cloak and Dagger", subsequently taking the name Ras Shorty. A prolific musician, composer and innovator, Shorty experimented with fusing calypso and the other Indian-inspired music, including chutney music, for nearly a decade before unleashing "the soul of calypso", soca music. Shorty was the first to really define his music and with "Indrani" in 1973 and "Endless Vibrations" (not just the song but the entire album) in 1975, calypso music really took off in another direction. On 30 August 1977, Shorty's friend and collaborator Maestro (Cecil Hume) died in an accident in Trinidad and his loss was felt by Shorty, who penned "Higher World" as a tribute.

In Dominica, Shorty had attended an Exile One performance of cadence-lypso, and collaborated with Dominica's 1969 Calypso King, Lord Tokyo, and two calypso lyricists, Chris Seraphine and Pat Aaron, in the early 1970s, who wrote him some creole lyrics. Soon after, Shorty released a song, "Ou Petit", with words such as "Ou di mwen ou piti Shorty" (meaning "you told me you are small Shorty"), a combination of calypso, cadence and kwéyòl. Shorty's 1974 Endless Vibrations and Soul of Calypso brought soca to its peak of international fame.

Soca's development as a musical genre included its fusion with calypso, cadence, and Indian musical instruments—particularly the dholak, tabla and dhantal—as demonstrated in Lord Shorty's classic compositions "Ïndrani" and "Shanti Om". His fame continued to grow throughout the 1970s, and he became one of the country's top performers. He recorded tracks such as "Kim" and "Money Eh No Problem", which was a stinging political and social commentary based on the words of Trinidad's then Prime Minister, Eric Williams of the People's National Movement. "Money Eh No Problem" was used in a political advertising campaign in 2000 for the United National Congress while Shorty lay on his deathbed unable to protest the use of his music for the wrong reasons, a guiding principle behind his life choices.

In 1984, he voiced his disenchantment with soca, claiming it was being used for the wrong reasons. A short time thereafter, he embraced a strict form of Christianity, adopted the name Ras Shorty I and moved with his family to the Piparo forest in the southern hills of Central Range (Trinidad and Tobago), where he and his family focused on creating faith-based music.

In the late 1980s, he began recording again, fusing soca and gospel in a style he called 'jamoo'. He continued recording into the late 1990s, writing hits such as "Watch Out My Children", which focuses on the dangers of drug abuse. The song was recorded in ten languages and was adopted by the UN in an anti-cocaine campaign. He toured transnationally with his band, the Love Circle, which consisted mainly of family members. During his lifetime Lord Shorty fathered a total of 23 children. The Love Circle included his wife Claudette and sons Eldon, Sheldon and Isaac, who have gone on to record several highly infectious hits, including "Blessed are the Elders" and "To The Ceiling". His daughters, Marge, Nehilet and Avion Blackman, also have successful careers in recording and fashion design. Artist Ataklan has also benefited under the musical training of Ras Shorty I and has gone on to become a maverick of the rapso tradition. The family aims to put across positive messages with their music, focusing especially on youth. They also exhort modern soca artists to preach positivity and the word of God through their music. Through his daughter Abbi Blackman, Ras Shorty is the grandfather of singer Nailah Blackman.

title: Ras Shorty I


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File:Sarah McLachlan - Fumbling Towards Ecstasy.jpg

Summary
The cover artwork for Sarah McLachlan's third album Fumbling Towards Ecstasy (1993). The copyright of the album and the cover artwork is owned by Sony BMG.

Fair use Rationale

 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this album.
 * 2) The image is of lower resolution than the original cover.
 * 3) This image is used on various websites, so its use on Wikipedia does not make it significantly more accessible than it already is.
 * 4) The cover is being used for informational purposes only.
 * 5) It does not limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the CD album.


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