text:
User talk:Kznf

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 23:33, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)
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Tunch Ilkin
You were right on the spot on the spelling of his name. Even though he has been in America since he was a baby, there are a few Wikipedia editors bound and determined not to follow the rules of our Naming conventions and to eliminate as much use of the English language as they can from the English Wikipedia. They run around moving articles like this to improper spellings. If it gets moved back to the non-English spelling again, I'd appreciate your support in getting it back where it belongs. Gene Nygaard 02:04, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Welcome to VandalProof!
Thank you for your interest in VandalProof, Kznf! You have now been added to the list of authorized users, so if you haven't already, simply download and install VandalProof from our main page. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me or any other moderator, or you can post a message on the discussion page. Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 23:36, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Image tagging for Image:Grey snapper.jpg
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UU "Official Logo"
You replaced the logo on the Unitarian-Universalist page with a logo which I as a UU find more familiar. The question I have for you is on what basis did you label it the offical logo. Do we have an "official logo" or is the flaming chalice open to multiple interpretations. Richard Dates 14:29, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * The UUA has an official "corporate" logo. That said, all I was doing yesterday (I thought) was replacing one image with another image that looked identical but which was a different image format (SVG) Charles (Kznf) 14:43, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Non-free use disputed for Image:UUA Logo.svg
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 * reply here: Image_talk:UUA_Logo.svg

AfD nomination of Internets
An article that you have been involved in editing, Internets, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Internets. Thank you. --BJBot (talk) 02:31, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

Hollow moon illustration
Where did that illustration of the internal structure of the moon come from? That might be good to put in the caption, to show how legitimate it is, since this is an article about non-legitimate theories of moon structure. - DavidWBrooks (talk) 00:12, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Madison farmers market
I noticed you added a picture of the Dane County Farmers' Market to the farmers market page. I'm also from Madison and have been doing some work on that page. Without being too critical, I'm wondering if you maybe have a picture that has more people in it? It looks like you were trying to highlight the people at the market as well as the Capitol building, but the Capitol takes up about 5 times as much space. For the page on farmers markets, there should be a better balance between the building and the actual market. It looked like a perfect day for the market though. Hopefully it'll get that nice sometime soon! Uwmad (talk) 01:30, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Cleveland Browns
Hello. I am addressing your point about the Browns and the AAFC.

The general consensus of pro football historians is that the Browns' domination of the AAFC was possibly the single biggest reason why the AAFC failed, certainly one of the biggest reasons. The reason why I cited four sources to support this is to reflect that this is a consensus, not a single writer opining.

The decline and fall of the AAFC is addressed in the main article on the AAFC. I created the article on the AAFC playoffs about two years ago to move some material (such as the box scores) out of the main article, which was getting long. You are quite correct that an explanation of this would be helpful, however I think the playoff article should stay focused on the playoffs, and that the reader should be referred to the main article for discussion of other AAFC-related issues.

In any case, it is good to see interest in this fascinating league, which is largely forgotten because pro football's television-aided rise was yet to come.Clubiguana (talk) 05:19, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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title: User talk:Kznf


text:
User talk:Jan Carlin~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 23:33, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jan Carlin. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jan Carlin~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:13, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jan Carlin~enwiki


text:
User talk:Themisha

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 23:34, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Themisha


text:
Talk:XF (grade)

Case for deletion
I'm borderline on re-submitting it myself, but given the recentness of the previous (passed) VfD, I won't.

It's not that the "XF" phenomenon isn't notable. However, this matter is already discussed in some form at Grade (education). The idiosyncratic nomenclature (XF as opposed to G or FF) of a few institutions is hardly noteworthy. EventHorizon 06:58, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

If I had encountered this article prior to its VfD, I wouldn't have thought twice. I'd just have quietly merged it in to Grade (education) and redirected. VfD is the most polarized forum on Wikipedia so submitting something that could easily be merged is not wise. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 09:12, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Misleading
I put up this tag as I found two universities one of which uses the XF grade to indicate failure due to dropping out (based on a source at their website), another which uses the G grade to indicate "Class work unfinished because of extenuating personal circumstances". Respectively, the relevant links are: UWRF and Pitt.

The preceding makes the following quote suspect: "XF (sometimes G or FF) is a letter grade used at some U.S. colleges, assigned to students who are caught performing acts of academic dishonesty. This makes it evident from the transcript why the failing grade was assigned." Do any colleges or universities use these grades for this purpose? Apparently the University of Maryland uses "XF" for this purpose.

I think "Misleading" is the wrong tag to use, but don't know what would be more appropriate. 69.243.168.118 (talk) 03:31, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Sign bot, please wait a bit before signing entries. You just caused an editing conflict for me. 69.243.168.118 (talk) 03:31, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Similar situation for Thomas Edison State University. XF is used for "withdrawn after the refund period ended". Thankfully, they've changed their policies to no longer have these listed on official transcripts -- in part because of this wiki page. ♥GlamRock♥ 18:40, 3 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:XF (grade)


text:
User talk:Jasondberg

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 23:36, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jasondberg


text:
User talk:Inarius

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Be Bold!

--Sam Spade 23:36, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:JephJacques.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:JephJacques.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me or ask for help at Wikipedia talk:Image copyright tags. Thank you. -- Carnildo 06:11, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Re: Image copyright problem with Image:JephJacques.jpg
The creator of Image:JephJacques.jpg is the subject himself, Jeph Jacques, as I pointed out in the image description. He has referenced his Wikipedia article before, and posted this image on his LiveJournal. I will seek his aproval on the use of the image, but he can be slow to send responses. Is there a more appropriate copyright status to use in the time being, or should it be removed and re-uploaded at a later time? --Inarius 17:37, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Probably best to remove it and re-upload it later. --Carnildo 04:43, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Inarius


text:
Rocío Carrasco

Rocío Carrasco Mohedano (born 29 April 1977) is a Spanish media personality, television host, model, businesswoman, producer and actress. Carrasco first gained media attention as a daughter of the Spanish world champion boxer Pedro Carrasco and singer Rocío Jurado. In 2021 she starred in her own docu-series in Telecinco entitled Rocío, contar la verdad para seguir viva where she talks about her life.

title: Rocío Carrasco


text:
"A" Is for Alibi

"A" Is for Alibi is the first mystery novel in Sue Grafton's "Alphabet" series, and was published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston in 1982. Featuring sleuth Kinsey Millhone, it is set in the southern California city of Santa Teresa, the nom de plume for Santa Barbara. She wrote the book during a divorce and admits about her husband that she "would lie in bed at night thinking of ways to kill him". The New York Times gave the book a lukewarm review.

Plot summary
Kinsey Millhone, a private detective, investigates the death of a prominent divorce lawyer Laurence Fife. His murder eight years earlier was blamed on his wife, Nikki Fife. Upon being released from prison, Nikki hires Kinsey to find the real murderer. In the course of the investigation, Kinsey becomes involved with Charlie Scorsoni, the late Mr. Fife's former law partner. She discovers Fife's death has been linked to that of a woman in Los Angeles, his law firm's accountant; both died after taking poisonous oleander capsules, which had been substituted for allergy pills. Kinsey tracks down the accountant's parents and former boyfriend. She then goes to Las Vegas to interview Fife's former secretary, Sharon Napier, who is killed minutes before Kinsey arrives. Back in California, Kinsey is mystified that Nikki's son, Colin, recognizes Laurence's first wife, Gwen, in a photograph. Kinsey surmises that Gwen was having an affair with her ex-husband at the time of his death. She accuses Gwen, who confesses. Shortly afterwards, she too is dead, killed in a hit-and-run crash.

Kinsey has solved the case she was hired to investigate; but in a plot twist, she discovers that her previous notions about the accountant's death were entirely wrong: in fact, it was Scorsoni who killed her when she discovered he was skimming dividend money from estate accounts under his management. Scorsoni used the same method that Gwen used to kill Fife, so it would be assumed the same person committed both murders. In a final confrontation, he chases Kinsey across the beach, armed with a knife. Kinsey hides in the shore line, and she is forced to remove her shoes and pants. Before Scorsoni can kill her, she shoots him dead.

A secondary storyline involves Millhone's surveillance of Marcia Threadgill, suspected of insurance fraud in a trip-and-fall case. Although Millhone believes she has successfully documented Threadgill's deception, the insurance firm that contracted Millhone to investigate Threadgill moves to pay her claim anyway, citing potential legal costs and complications, including the risk of reprisal.

Publication history
The first printing of "A" Is for Alibi was 7,500 copies, with initial sales of about 6,000.

Critical analysis
Grafton openly admits that she conceived the story from her own "fantasies" of murdering her husband while going through a divorce.

The novel's style typical hardboiled detective fiction, according to the authors of 'G' is for Grafton, who describe it as "laconic, breezy, wise-cracking". Grafton frames the narrative as a report Kinsey Millhone writes during the course of her investigation, written in the first-person narrative.

"A" for Alibi is dedicated to author Chip Grafton, Sue Grafton's father, "who set me on this path". Chip Grafton was a municipal bond attorney in Kentucky who pursued a secondary career as a crime novelist, winning minor acclaim for four novels. He died on January 31, 1982 at age 72, four months before 'A' is for Alibi was published.

Reviews
Writing when the book was released, Kirkus Reviews said this was a "shakily plotted but otherwise terrific start for a new detective series". The reviewer looked forward to the rest of the Alphabet Series, "fine dialogue, a great eye for people and places", if the author can tighten up her plots.

Looking back at the series soon after the author's death, Library Journal Reviews remarked on the slow build up to successful reviews, including a quote from its own review: "Critic Sarah Weinman notes that pseudonymous New York Times critic Newgate Callendar dismissed A Is for Alibi as "competent enough, but not particularly original." Alas, LJ's reviewer was equally unenthusiastic in an April 1, 1982, review, waving the book aside as "nothing to take it out of the ordinary." Before those less enthusiastic words, they had said, "The female detective is well drawn and the plot moves at a fast clip".

title: "A" Is for Alibi


text:
User talk:Junk~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
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 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Brilliant prose
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 * Current polls
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Feel free to contact me personally with any questions you might have. The Village pump is also a good place to go for quick answers to general questions. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

[[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 23:38, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Junk. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Junk~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:00, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:42, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Junk~enwiki


text:
User:SPUI/testing

Orlando

title: User:SPUI/testing


text:
Sweden Rock Festival

Sweden Rock Festival is a rock festival outside the town of Sölvesborg in Blekinge in southern Sweden. The festival offers the best possible mix of classic rock, hard rock, metal, blues and related genres.

The first version of the festival, known as Sommarfestivalen i Olofström, was held in Olofström in 1992. In 1993 the festival moved to Karlshamn, and changed its name to Karlshamn Rock Festival. In 1998, the festival moved to Norje, although the name Karlshamn Rock Festival was kept. In 1999 the name was changed to the Sweden Rock Festival.

When the festival began in 1992, it featured nine relatively unknown bands and it only lasted one day. The next year the festival was expanded to two days and more bands were added to the line-up. From 1993 to 2002 the festival would last two days; over those years it would also begin to feature bigger name acts. In 2000 the festival was expanded to three days but it returned to two days the following year.

From 2003 to 2006 the festival lasted three days and had by then featured some of the biggest acts. From 2007 the festival has been expanded to four days and will feature approximately 120 different bands/artists.

Some notable appearances in the past have been Aerosmith, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Mötley Crüe, Dio, Bruce Dickinson, Yngwie Malmsteen, Twisted Sister, Whitesnake, Uriah Heep, Europe, Deep Purple, Accept, Motörhead, Saxon, Nazareth, Poison, Status Quo, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Scorpions, Porcupine Tree, Kamelot, Def Leppard, Alice Cooper, Testament, W.A.S.P, ZZ Top, The Orchestra, Thin Lizzy, Ted Nugent, Slayer and Guns N' Roses.

The festival has also worked as a comeback scene for bands like Triumph and Thundersteel line-up Riot.

Bachman & Turner started their world reunion tour here in June 2010. In 2013 both Rush and Kiss together with Europe were headliners for the festival.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused the festival to be cancelled in 2020 and 2021.

2021
{{Notelist| refs= } }}

title: Sweden Rock Festival


text:
Guard (grappling)

The guard is a ground grappling position in which one combatant has their back to the ground while attempting to control the other combatant using their legs. In pure grappling combat sports, the guard is considered an advantageous position, because the bottom combatant can attack with various joint locks and chokeholds, while the top combatant's priority is the transition into a more dominant position, a process known as passing the guard. In the sport of mixed martial arts, as well as hand-to-hand combat in general, it is possible to effectively strike from the top in the guard, even though the bottom combatant exerts some control. There are various types of guard, with their own advantages and disadvantages.

The guard is a key part of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu where it can be used as an offensive position. It is also used, but not formally named, in Judo though it is sometimes referred to as dō-osae in Japanese, meaning "trunk hold". It is called the "front body scissor" in catch wrestling.

Pulling Guard
Transitioning directly from standing to the guard position is known as pulling guard. Tsunetane Oda, a judo groundwork specialist who died in 1955, demonstrated the technique on video.

Closed Guard
Sometimes referred to as full guard, the closed guard is the typical guard position. In this guard the legs are hooked behind the back of the opponent, preventing them from standing up or moving away. The opponent needs to open the legs up to be able to improve positioning. The bottom combatant might transit between the open and closed guard, as the open guard allows for better movement, but also has a bigger risk of the opponent passing the guard.

Half Guard
Half guard is a position where the guard player wraps both of their legs around one of their opponent's legs. The half guard can favour the passer or the guard player, depending on the many details of the position such as body positioning and grips. The position affords many options for the guard player to initiate techniques such as sweeps and submission holds.

Variants of half guard include the deep half guard, the Z-guard and the reverse De La Riva guard.

Open Guard
The open guard is typically used to perform various joint locks and chokeholds. The legs can be used to move the opponent, and to create leverage. The open guard allows the opponent to stand up or try to pass the guard, so this position is often used only temporarily to set up sweeps or other techniques. Open guard is also a general term that encompasses a large number of guard positions where the legs are used to push, wrap or hook the opponent without locking the ankles together around them.

Butterfly Guard

The butterfly guard involves both of the legs being hooked with the ankles in between the opponents legs, against the inside of the opponents thighs. The opponent is controlled using both legs and arms. The leverage in the butterfly guard allows powerful sweeps. The guard also allows one to elevate or set the opponent off balance and because of this it is particularly useful in avoiding damage and allows transitions to other dominant positions. The analogous technique in wrestling and catch wrestling is called double elevator.

X-Guard
The X-guard is an open guard where one of the combatants is standing up and the other is on their back. The bottom combatant uses the legs to entangle one of the opponent's legs, which creates opportunities for powerful sweeps. The X-guard is often used in combination with butterfly and half guard. In a grappling match, this is an advantageous position for the bottom combatant, but in general hand-to-hand combat, the top combatant can attack with stomps or soccer kicks. Likewise, skilled use of the x-guard can prevent the opponent from attempting a kick, or throw them off balance should they raise a leg. The x-guard was developed by Alexandre "Gigi" Paiva [in the 1990's,?] and popularized by Marcelo Garcia.

Spider Guard
The spider guard comprises a number of positions all of which involve controlling the opponents arms while using the soles of the feet to control the opponent at the biceps, hips, thighs or a combination of them. It is most effective when the sleeves of the opponent can be grabbed. The spider guard can be used for sweeps and to set up joint locks or chokeholds.

De La Riva Guard
The De La Riva guard (also called jello guard) is an open guard popularized by Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner Ricardo De La Riva, who was successful with it in competition. The guard consists of one of the legs wrapped behind the opponent's leg from the outside, the ankle held with one hand, and the other hand grips one of their sleeves. The De La Riva guard offers a number of sweeps, transitions and submissions, and is more recently used in combination with spider guard.

Rubber Guard
The rubber guard is a position that keeps an opponent down in your guard. The position was used by Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner Nino Schembri and popularized and made into a system by Eddie Bravo. Many techniques have been developed from this position including sweeps, submissions, and striking defense. By using a leg to hold an opponent down, one arm is free to work on submissions, sweeps or to strike the opponent's trapped head.

50-50 Guard
The 50-50 (Fifty-fifty) guard is a position popularized by Roberto “Gordo” Correa and extensively used by the Mendes Brothers, Rafael and Guilherme Mendes, Bruno Frazzato, Ryan Hall and Ramon Lemos from the Atos Jiu-Jitsu Team. In other grappling systems such as catch wrestling and Sambo, it is a form of the "outside leg triangle" type of leg control. In this position, the fighter on the bottom crosses a triangle on the opponent's leg, which allows for the leg to be dominated while leaving the arms free to work on sweeps and submissions. This position has been heavily criticized for use in competitions with restricted use of leglocks due to the potential of stalling a match when the fighter on top cannot pass the guard and the fighter on the bottom cannot successfully perform a sweep.

Passing the Guard
In order to overcome the primary defense of one's opponent, their guard, and attain a more dominant position, such as side mount, full mount, or knee on stomach a practitioner must pass the guard. There are several ways of doing so; many involve pain compliance whereby the practitioner persuades the opponent to release their guard through an abrasive action. Examples of this type of action would be digging the practitioner's forearms into the inner thigh of the opponent, standing and attempting a can opener neck crank, or in the case of a mixed martial arts setting, to simply strike the opponent until the guard is released. Passing the guard however has perils of its own, as it has a tendency to leave the practitioner particularly vulnerable to counterattack in the form of sweeps and submissions.

Simple guard pass
Simple guard pass also known as the arm/leg pull is a guard pass demonstrated in The Essence Of Judo by Kyuzo Mifune, and it is an unnamed technique described in The Canon Of Judo. In Brazilian Jiu Jitsu this pass is commonly referred to as the Toreando/Bull Fighter Pass. The main characteristic of the pass is the practitioner side-stepping around the opponent's legs whilst simultaneously pulling aside the opponent's leg or pinning the opponents legs to the ground.

Stacking guard pass
Stacking Guard Pass is also demonstrated in The Essence Of Judo by Mifune, and it is also an unnamed technique described in The Canon Of Judo. The main characteristic of the technique is the practitioner lifting the opponent and stacking them, into a possible neck crank or blood choke submission, when the practitioner is in the opponent's open guard.

Near knee guard pass
Near Knee Guard Pass is also demonstrated in The Essence Of Judo by Mifune as well as Canon of Judo by Mifune. In Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, this guard pass is commonly referred to as the Knee Over Pass. The main characteristic of this pass is the practitioner driving their knee over the opponent's same side thigh while in the opponent's open guard.

title: Guard (grappling)


text:
Talk:Sue Grafton

What about G
What happened to G in her bibliography books?? 66.245.112.178 23:40, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'm still working on it... hope to get it there before tomorrow... :)

summaries read like press releases
Is there any way to reword them to be less "pulpy"? -- nae'blis (talk) 16:47, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

What happens after Z
Has she given any indication of what she will do if and when she gets to Z? Nil Einne 21:38, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, the end of the line is Z is for ZeroVanhorn (talk) 09:32, 24 April 2011 (UTC)

Linda Christas
What editor out there has a problem with listing Sue Grafton's acceptance of a Chair for Literature at our school. Every time a student adds the information, an editor (could only be from a rival school already on Wikipedia) deletes the information. For Pete sake, Wikipedia won't even allow our school a listing. What kind of prejudice are we experiencing here? What, you don't like high schools or what? Somebody at Wikipedia is wearing a hair shirt for Linda Christas Academy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.142.227.237 (talk • contribs)

I'm not the editor that has done the removals, but I support them whole heartedly. Why? Because when I spoke with one of the then current members of the board, Alison Jiear, I found that her involvement with Linda Christas had consisted of the following conversation: "Do you want to be listed as a board member of our school?" "Sure, why not". Total length of involvement: 2 minutes, tops. I can only assume that the other "board members" are listed for similar exchanges. A casual conversation on that level hardly rates any sort of focus on a Wikipedia bio. If what I said doesn't apply to other board members, then let me know and I'll contact them for verification as well. - Richfife 19:38, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Can this style of title be trademarked.
I was wondering if the style of novel title that Sue Grafton uses, (i.e., A is for Alibi, B is for … etc) can be trademarked or copyrighted. My understanding is that titles can't be copyrighted but could they be considered a trademark of hers. Does anyone know what is the case here?--Dmol (talk) 13:56, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

 * No, and even if it could it's hardly her invention. R is for Rocket and S is for Space are just two of the dozens of earlier books using this form of title. - Dravecky (talk) 14:45, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Novels of Sue Grafton
I've added short articles with infoboxes and references for each of the 17 "alphabet" novels that still needed them. I've also created a handy Sue Grafton novels navigational template, a category for the novels of Sue Grafton, and wikified where I could in the existing articles. I feel confident that there are many other editors who can add on to this jumpstart and encourage them to jump in to expand these articles. - Dravecky (talk) 14:45, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

V is for...
I just removed somebody's speculative title for the 22nd book in the Alphabet Series. Per this interview with her local newspaper about a week ago, Grafton is still only partially done with the novel and no title has been set. Until an official announcement is made (and, based on this, it will be many months from now, at the earliest) please refrain from posting unsourced speculation to this article. - Dravecky (talk) 05:11, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

Short Story
Did'nt she write at least one short story ? Jon Ascton   (talk)  18:08, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

Quotation Marks
I was bothered by the quotation marks in the titles, they didn't seem right. So I went to the shelf and learned that they are half right, they were used through "L" is for Lawless, but from M forward there are no quotation marks in the titles. I made a quick pass through and deleted the incorrect ones, then undid it when I realized it broke the links on those titles.

Sorry, it's late and I don't have the energy to change that much today. Maybe later, or maybe somebody else will fix it?

VanVanhorn (talk) 09:37, 24 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The quotation marks may be absent from the stylized dust jacket art but they are present on the books' actual title pages, page headers, and publisher listings. Even if you don't have the books at hand, you can see these on Amazon's "look inside" feature. There's an old saying about judging a book by its cover... - Dravecky (talk) 18:24, 24 April 2011 (UTC)

Dead link
Note 4 now seems to be a dead link. I once knew how to flag these, but no longer. Got that Sometimer's Syndrome, aka CRS. Anyhoo, this needs fixed or removed. Wish I could help. Thanks. Rags (talk) 10:04, 17 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Add dead link to future dead links, for the record. I'll take a look at this one. - Dravecky (talk) 10:25, 17 July 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061231203224/http://www.suegrafton.com/interview.htm to http://www.suegrafton.com/interview.htm
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Merge the novels together?

 * Result: Absolutely everyone seems to hate this proposal, so it looks like we can call this one a failure for the moment. SnowFire (talk) 23:48, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

Most of the novel articles are just a plot summary as it stands. Seems like they could be merged into a series article / list without any loss. Any that actually have any depth, or can be added to, can be spun into a full article on a case-by-case basis. Any thoughts / comments on this? Judging by the publishers website, "Kinsey Millhone Alphabet Series" seems the title they like, but might be reasonable to shorten that just to "Alphabet Series." SnowFire (talk) 00:00, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

 * It seems that the person who made and maintained a number of these articles has sadly passed away (Dravecky). Anyway, I'm inclined to make the change...  a series article is probably appropriate anyway, and the individual books can always be spun back out if more content is found.  SnowFire (talk) 22:36, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Oppose I just did "Y" Is for Yesterday. All it takes is a bit more work for each, but I guess it's easier for some to just lump them all together. Some of them won awards, yanno? —  Wylie pedia  00:49, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

 * To be clear, I'm not saying that the content should be deleted. The fact that they won awards is good, but they might still be better treated as a series article.  Yesterday still seems pretty short; there's nothing wrong with keeping it as a section, I'd think?  That said, if you plan on continuing to expand it, go nuts, of course, don't let me stop you.

 * On a total side note, Dravecy claimed above that the Quotation Marks in the title were on the cover page for the more recent works. I just checked a few at the bookstore, and they totally didn't have the quotation marks, not even on the inside cover or anything.  Is this true of Yesterday as well?  Does it have the quotation marks around Y on the inside?  SnowFire (talk) 04:12, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

 * While it would normally be bad form to barge ahead despite an oppose... I really feel strongly about this.  I didn't delete any content, aside from the repetitious "this is who Kinsey is" intros.  Take a look at Alphabet Series.  I think this is much more sustainable, especially since some feedback / awards applies to the series as a whole.  I'd like to keep on merging more articles, but figured I should stop at 5 as a preview of how a series article would look...  again, no complaints about un-merging if someone DOES put in the work to make a full article, but as is, some of these articles are either tiny or short - the D article was tagged with "allplot" for some time, for example.  SnowFire (talk) 07:54, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I oppose strongly and am surprised to find this done and dusted on a holiday before anyone has had time to chime in and only three days or so after Grafton's death. Please remember that there is no deadline on Wikipedia, we're not in hurry, and there's no reason to have done this. I have sources for the novels, made a start editing A is for Alibi some years ago, and believe more can be found. But it's best to take a deep breath and slow down a bit, leave the proposal at least for seven days for adequate consensus building or consider a formal RfC. Victoriaearle (tk) 14:25, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I am completely baffled as to this opposition. Let me state again: I am not deleting anything.  I am not saying these books are irrelevant or wouldn't pass notability guidelines.  I think that one good article is better than 25 stubs, though, and such merges are very common when lots of the articles are very borderline and just plot summaries, but the group as a collective has notability.  Did you look at the sample merged 5 articles?  If you're invoking DEADLINE, to the extent I made any modifications, it was from adding & cleaning up some things.  It is exactly the same content as was in the individual articles before.

 * And of course it isn't a coincidence it happened just after Grafton's death.... I saw that the likes of "L" Is for Lawless were extremely short, and everything else seemed very close to an AfD on "just a plot summary" grounds.  I think a series article will be much more stable and immune from deletion.  And let me say yet again that if you personally want to add some sources in, please do!  I'm hardly ruling out that some of the novels might work as stand-alones, but very clearly some of them don't at the moment.  SnowFire (talk) 19:24, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi, I missed your post (if a post that's signed and saved has a malformed ping, fixing the ping won't work - a new ping has to be added). I took less than a minute a few days ago to search the New York Times archives and found plenty of material, the works are all best sellers and, therefore, notable. The issue is that someone has to take the time and write the articles but as I mentioned in my earlier post, there's no deadline, and WP:Wikipedia is a work in progress applies as well. I'm not active at the moment but if I can ever get back here would be more than happy to work up some of the articles. If I don't reply to a ping, please leave a message on my talk - I do check in every few days but things drop off my watchlist. I see from above there's an AfD for the Alphabet article - I won't post there, but it is difficult to write a single article about one writer's entire body of work - especially when each novel is notable. And, quite frankly there's no consensus for the merge. Victoriaearle (tk) 23:36, 4 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose merging 25 existing articles, most of them lengthy, into one article so long that it would scream to be split all over again. I see no benefit to that. I'm expressing my opposition after the proponent went ahead and did it anyway after waiting barely more than a day and having received only one response (which was also a !vote of opposition). Partly on the strength of the Oppose responses here, I'm now putting the article up for a deletion discussion. Largoplazo (talk) 02:18, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Link for convenience: Articles for deletion/Alphabet Series.
 * I've responded there, but re your comments here, you are misrepresenting my actions. As I have said before, and is clear from the page history if you look at it, I did not actually merge the articles yet, awaiting the results of this discussion here.  SnowFire (talk) 03:13, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose – if the current problem is WP:PLOT, merging them verbatim into one article isn't an improvement. PriceDL (talk) 03:07, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

 * So what do you propose instead? Deletion?  I think that's been rejected before at AFD...  see Articles for deletion/"A" Is for Alibi.
 * Anyway, I do think that one merged article will be an improvement in compliance with WP:PLOT, eventually, as it can include creation / reception / commmentary on the series as a whole at least, rather than nothing. SnowFire (talk) 03:13, 2 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose this merger. The articles on each novel need a Reviews section added. Some have review articles already cited but not used. Publishers Weekly and Kirkus Reviews may well have reviews as Grafton's novels were big sellers, but I did not see either used as a source for reviews. The Library Journal also has reviews, advising librarians whether to acquire certain titles. Then there are the newspapers and magazines and occasionally NPR who also do book reviews. The article on each novel could have a flag indicating that a Review section is needed, more than just plot, perhaps attracting editors to add those reviews. Putting 25 plot summaries together is not an article anyone would read. However, a good article about the series would be welcomed; that is how most of the series of which I am aware are handled, as some things can be said about the whole series that are not fit for the article about any one detective novel in that series.  --Prairieplant (talk) 22:15, 4 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Also Oppose merger, but in favour of a series article (there seems to be significant coverage generated by the author's death leaving the series unfinished, let alone the coverage of the series before this, so I'm sure this is something that readers will want to know more about). (Notified via WP:BOOK & WP:AFD/Alphabet Series.) ‑‑ Yodin T 13:11, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose, the proposer appears to have forgotten about WP:CONTN ie. "Article content does not determine notability", most if not all of these books are separately notable and are thus entitled to individual standalone articles, i do agree with, that there should also be a separate series article, as it meets WP:LISTN. Coolabahapple (talk) 05:04, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I've repeated myself like 8 times on this but since nobody seems to acknowledge it: I am not suggesting the books are not notable. I am not trying to delete the content.  I entirely agree with CONTN.  However there are many, many topics where in each article could qualify for an article on its own, but is also fine to cover in a larger article.  I'll give one obvious example: bands, albums, and songs, or television shows, seasons, and individual episodes.  It is perfectly common to move a bunch of short, small articles about individual songs into an album article, or multiple short album articles into the band's article.  Same with short, all-plot articles about television episodes getting merged to a season article.  If- if - somebody writes up a proper stand-alone article, great!  The article can be restored and linked to from the book series / album / television season article.  SnowFire (talk) 23:48, 13 January 2018 (UTC)

Infobox formatting.
The following has been moved from CAWylie's (Wyliepedia) talk page. Feel free to chime in (regarding COD in her infobox):

Grafton infobox
Thanks for reverting my mistaken addition of Sue Grafton's mother to her infobox. I was not aware of that notability restriction. --Thnidu (talk) 16:02, 31 December 2017 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. It's more of a guideline than restriction. Most infobox data is overlooked and/or accepted, but her article is still relevant, due to the incomplete alphabet series. —  Wylie pedia  16:07, 31 December 2017 (UTC)
 * The guideline for COD states that it "should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability, e.g. James Dean, John F. Kennedy. It should not be filled in for unremarkable deaths such as those from old age or routine illness". This indicates that it should not be included in this case. Nikkimaria (talk) 17:08, 31 December 2017 (UTC)
 * But a family history of cancer isn't a "routine illness". —  Wylie pedia  23:47, 31 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Er... given the prevalence of cancer I would absolutely argue it qualifies as a routine illness, but nevertheless it certainly doesn't have significance for her notability. Nikkimaria (talk) 00:44, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I don't see cancer as really "significant for the subject's notability" either. SnowFire (talk) 04:25, 1 January 2018 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose merging Kinsey Millhone into this article. Much of that article is in-universe fictography and the remainder is duplicated over here. Just Another Cringy Username (talk) 03:05, 6 July 2023 (UTC)

Kinsey Millhone Wikipedia Page
I could have sworn I once saw a very informative Kinsey Millhone Wikipedia page. But any attempt to go there only returns to a section of Sue Grafton's page. It looks like the item immediately above this one discussed removing it and then did so. But that page had a lot more that doesn't appear to be covered elsewhere in Wikipedia, and I had been referring to it as I've made my way through the series. I found the link at Web Archive:

https://web.archive.org/web/20230530053940/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsey_Millhone

RSLitman (talk) 18:04, 5 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sue Grafton


text:
Spalax

Spalax is a genus of rodent in the family Spalacidae, subfamily Spalacinae (blind mole-rats). It is one of two extant genera in the subfamily Spalacinae, alongside Nannospalax.

Species in this genus are found in eastern Europe and western & central Asia. They are completely blind and have a subterranean lifestyle.

Taxonomy
Prior to 2013, Spalax was widely considered the only member of Spalacinae, with all blind mole-rat species being grouped within it. However, phylogenetic and morphological evidence supported some of the species within it forming a distinct lineage that diverged from the others during the Late Miocene, when a marine barrier formed between Anatolia and the Balkans. These species were reclassified into the genus Nannospalax, making Spalax one of two extant spalacine genera.

Species of genus Spalax

 * Mehely's blind mole-rat, S. antiquus
 * Sandy blind mole-rat, S. arenarius
 * Giant blind mole-rat, S. giganteus
 * Bukovina blind mole-rat, S. graecus
 * Oltenia blind mole-rat, S. istricus (possibly extinct)
 * Greater blind mole-rat, S. microphthalmus
 * Kazakhstan blind mole-rat, S. uralensis
 * Podolsk blind mole-rat, S. zemni

title: Spalax


text: Talk:States (Klinik album)

title: Talk:States (Klinik album)


text:
Talk:Mike Leavitt

Orly?
"Leavitt is also a direct descendant of Dudley Leavitt, a participant in the brutal Mountain Meadows Massacre in 1857." Seems like the writer is trying to say something here... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.110.217.66 (talk) 04:04, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Deleting reference toward Mountain Meadows. Will consider replacing if a connection to his political or personal life made relevant, or if Wikipedia standard changes to encourage connections between political figures and obscure 250-year-old criminal ancestors. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kamatoa (talk • contribs) 18:59, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

I was thinking maybe someone could add some info about The Leavitt Group. --Try http://www.leavitt.com for the Leavitt Group website...might have some information.

Nature is Evil?
Today (October 6, 2005) on CNN, he said "Pandemics are nature's terrorists." Stephen J. Gould believes that you cannot apply human morality to nature. So, who are you going to believe? A Republican from Utah with a BS in economics and business, or a world renowned scientist with a PhD from Columbia, and a former Harvard professor?

Controversy?
What is so controversial about him being appointed to the EPA? That should definately be clarified... --jonasaurus 17:27, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

Ĥ
 * Appointees are often controversial . . . --Utahredrock 07:10, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Gulf Stream Controversy
Haven't the prescription drug plans been a bigger headache for him and more important to the nation? So he used a jet. . . I mean it's worth looking into, however, this seems overblown for this article. Maybe the article itself just needs to be enlarged as Leavitt has had a long career of public service. The Utah governor section is especially tiny. --Utahredrock 07:10, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

Resources
To anyone interested in expanding the information about Leavitt's years as Utah governor, may I suggest digital online collections of his governor's papers available from the Utah State Archives (Governors of Utah Digital Collection). Some of the different records include executive orders, press releases, photographs, and selected correspondence. I have worked directly with these records so I will avoid adding this information to the article itself. Thank you, Amariekleio 22:34, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Um, Biography?
Inasmuch as he was prime age for Vietnam, what did he do about military service? Kids today don't serve unless they happen to feel like it, but that was not always the case by any means, and the draft was used from the Civil War through Vietnam. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.97.69.229 (talk) 01:51, 10 March 2013 (UTC) What's his background? Where did he go to school? What did he study in higher education? Does he have any medical or public health training? What did he do before he was governor? What insurance company was he head of? What did he do before that? What policies did he support? Why is he Republican? Is he Mormon? What other things would inform us about who he is, his values, how me makes decisions, etc.? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.218.232.71 (talk) 21:01, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

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Oren Porter Rockwell
I’m the third grade grandson of Porter Rockwelll 2601:284:101:78D0:0:0:0:1032 (talk) 05:03, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mike Leavitt


text:
Alpenrose Dairy

Alpenrose Dairy is a dairy and home delivery company located in the Hayhurst neighborhood of southwest Portland, Oregon, since 1916. It was owned by the Cadonau family for several generations until being sold to Smith Brothers Farms, a family-owned dairy located in Kent, Washington, in August 2019.

The brand was named after the alpine rose (Rosa pendulina) by the Swiss-born wife and early co-owner of the dairy. Alpenrose is a "supplier of dairy products to retail, wholesale and ingredient customers in Portland and throughout the Northwest". In 2020, addressing the growing demand for delivery services the company introduced Alpenrose Home Delivery, a weekly grocery delivery service that provides customers with Alpenrose brand dairy products and other locally-made grocery items. Deliveries are facilitated by the company's fleet of milkmen and milkwomen, who deliver groceries by neighborhood and are unique to the service.

The 52 acre grounds of the dairy include:
 * Circuit d'Alpenrose, a velodrome, one of only 25 such tracks in the United States. The track was built to host the 1967 National Championships. At 268.43 meters around with a 16.6 m radius and a 43-degree bank, Alpenrose is one of the steepest velodromes in the country. Alpenrose is home to the only North American Six-day race. It hosts races all summer, and annually draws the largest velodrome crowd in North America for the Alpenrose Challenge, in mid-July.
 * Alpenrose Field, the site of baseball and softball games, including Little League Softball World Series games, from 1956 to 2019.
 * Dairyville, a replica of a western frontier town, with false-front shops, a doll museum, an ice cream parlor, a harness-maker's store, a music shop, and a 600-seat opera house with a pipe organ (with 4000 pipes).
 * A quarter-midget racing arena.

Products from Alpenrose include milk, ice cream, eggs, and various cultured dairy products.

Dairyville
Dairyville was added to Alpenrose sometime in the 1960s. As stated above, the replica frontier town consists of a few streets of false front stores, a doll museum, an ice cream parlor, a music shop and a 600-seat opera house. The theater's pipe organ was salvaged from the Portland Civic Auditorium. Dairyville is typically open to the public on holidays and during the summer months.

For decades, Dairyville has hosted an annual holiday event called "Christmas in Dairyville". In addition to a gift shop and a house where children can have their photos taken with Santa Claus, there's also "Storybook Lane", an elaborate, walk-through attraction. Visitors wander through a snowy, moonlit mock-village inhabited by farm animals and displays based on Mother Goose's fables. The attraction also includes a tiny fire station for kids to play in. Elsewhere on the property, choir groups from local schools perform. Dairyville's opera house also hosts nightly screenings of comedy shorts featuring The Three Stooges and Laurel and Hardy, along with more contemporary entertainment like the 2004 film adaptation of The Polar Express. The event ended its annual run in 2005 but returned again for the 2011 Christmas season.

Dairyville's assets were auctioned off in 2020 and several of the items remain in the public view. Some of the iconic red/gold carriages pulled by miniature horses in parades were bought and restored by Nob Hill Christmas Historical Society and now walk in the annual Starlight Parade, in addition several rows of seats from the Theater and reels of film from the Theater are publicly made available in Christmas time at the Nob Hill storage facility to enjoy a short from Shirley Temple or 3 Stooges. The Calliope that clown Rusty Nails would walk with in the Parade was bought by the son of the wagons original builder. Later in 2021 it was sold to a local collector to be preserved and displayed locally. The houses from Storybook Lane were bought by 2 parties, one private collector in Sandy Oregon as well as the Nob Hill Christmas Historical Society.

Lawsuit
On March 4, 2019, a lawsuit was filed in Multnomah County Circuit Court by three members of the Cadonau family against two other family members, alleging they are planning to sell the dairy and immediately stop all community events at Alpenrose. The family has since settled differences and dropped the lawsuit. In February 2021 the property was closed to events and all other uses.

Future Development
Lennar Northwest, Inc, represented by Westlake Consultants, Inc. submitted a "preapplication concept" for developing the Alpenrose property. The application "proposes a 193-lot single-family detached residential land division".

The proposal includes:

 * Pre-application project summary.
 * Land Division Preapplication Meeting -- Applicant Questions (May 18, 2021)
 * Land Division Preapplication Concept (map)
 * Early Assistance application
 * Notice of a Pre-Application Conference (held June 17, 2021)
 * Pre-Application Conference report (dated August 4, 2021)

title: Alpenrose Dairy


text: Talk:Time (Klinik album)

title: Talk:Time (Klinik album)


text:
User:Bugged~enwiki

Bugged
21, girl, South Carolina

title: User:Bugged~enwiki


text:
Keres language

Keres, also Keresan , is a Native American language, spoken by the Keres Pueblo people in New Mexico. Depending on the analysis, Keres is considered a small language family or a language isolate with several dialects. If it is considered a language isolate, it would be the most widely spoken language isolate within the borders of the United States. The varieties of each of the seven Keres pueblos are mutually intelligible with its closest neighbors. There are significant differences between the Western and Eastern groups, which are sometimes counted as separate languages.

Family division
In 2007, there was an estimate total of 10,670 speakers.

 * Keres
 * Eastern Keres: total of 4,580 speakers (1990 census)
 * Cochiti Pueblo Kotyit dialect: 600 speakers (2007)
 * San Felipe Pueblo Katishtya dialect: 2,340 speakers (2007)
 * Kewa Pueblo (formally Santo Domingo Pueblo) Kewa dialect: 2,850 speakers (2007)
 * Zia Pueblo Ts'ia dialect: 500 speakers (2007)
 * Santa Ana Pueblo Tamaiya dialect: 390 speakers (2007)
 * Western Keres: total of 3,391 speakers (1990 census)
 * Acoma Pueblo Áakʼu dialect: 1,930 speakers (2007)
 * Laguna Pueblo Kawaika dialect: 2,060 speakers (2007)

Genetic relationships
Keres is now considered a language isolate. In the past, Edward Sapir grouped it together with a Hokan–Siouan stock. Morris Swadesh suggested a connection with Wichita. Joseph Greenberg grouped Keres with Siouan, Yuchi, Caddoan, and Iroquoian in a superstock called Keresiouan. None of these proposals has been validated by subsequent linguistic research.

Phonology
Keresan has between 42 and 45 consonant sounds, and around 40 vowel sounds, adding up to a total of about 85 phonemes, depending on the analysis and the language variety. Based on the classification in the World Atlas of Language Structures, Keres is a language with a large consonant inventory.

The great number of consonants relates to the three-way distinction between voiceless, aspirated and ejective consonants (e.g. /t tʰ tʼ/), and to the larger than average number of fricatives (i.e. /s sʼ ʂ ʂʼ ʃ ʃʼ h/) and affricates, the latter also showing the three-way distinction found in stops.

The large number of vowels derives from a distinction made between long and short vowels (e.g. /e eː/), as well as from the presence of tones and voicelessness. Thus, a single vowel quality may occur with seven distinct realizations: /é è e̥ éː èː êː ěː/, all of which are used to distinguish words in the language.

Consonants
The chart below contains the consonants of the proto-Keresan (or pre-Keresan) from Miller & Davis (1963) based on a comparison of Acoma, Santa Ana, and Santo Domingo, as well as other features of the dialects compiled from The Language of Santa Ana Pueblo (1964), Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics (1987), and The Phonemes of Keresan (1946), and the Grammar of Laguna Keres (2005).

 * {| class="wikitable IPA" style="text-align: center;"

!colspan="2" | !Labial !Alveolar !Palatal !Retroflex !Velar !Glottal ! rowspan="2" |Nasal ! voiced ! glottalized ! rowspan="3" | Plosive ! voiceless ! aspirated ! ejective ! rowspan="3" |Affricate ! voiceless ! aspirated ! ejective !rowspan="2" | Fricative ! voiceless ! ejective !rowspan="2" | Approximant ! voiced ! glottalized
 * - style="line-height: 1.1em;"
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

Vowels
Keresan vowels have a phonemic distinction in duration: all vowels can be long or short. Additionally, short vowels can also be voiceless. The vowel chart below contains the vowel phonemes and allophones from the information of the Keresan languages combined from The Language of Santa Ana Pueblo (1964), The Phonemes of Keresan (1946), and Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics (1987). Notes:
 * Western Keres does not have phonemic /oː/ or /o/, though both vowels may occur phonetically. Eastern Keres words containing /o/ show /au/ in Western Keres. For instance, the first vowel in the word-sentence Sraúka̠cha̠ – “I see you”:
 * Kotyit Keres: [ʂóːkʰɑ̥tʃʰɑ̥]
 * Kʼawaika Keres: [ʂɑ̌ukʰɑ̥tʃʰɑ̥]

Voiceless vowels
All Keresan short vowels may be devoiced in certain positions. The phonemic status of these vowels is controversial. Maring (1967) considers them to be phonemes of Áákʼu Keres, whereas other authors disagree. There are phonetic grounds for vowel devoicing based on the environment they occur, for instance word-finally, but there are also exceptions. Vowels in final position are nearly always voiceless and medial vowels occurring between voiced consonants, after nasals and ejectives are nearly always voiced.
 * Word-final devoicing: [pɑ̌ːkʊ̥] because
 * Word-medial devoicing: [ʔìpʰi̥ʃɑ́] white paint

Tones
Acoma Keres has four lexical tones: high, low, falling and rising. Falling and rising tones only occur in long vowels and voiceless vowels bear no tones:

Syllable structure
Most Keresan syllables take a CV(V) shape. The maximal syllable structure is CCVVC and the minimal syllable is CV. In native Keresan words, only a glottal stop /ʔ/ ⟨ʼ⟩ can close a syllable, but some loanwords from Spanish have syllables that end in a consonant, mostly a nasal (i.e. /m n/ but words containing these sequences are rare in the language.

Due to extensive vowel devoicing, several Keresan words may be perceived as ending in consonants or even containing consonant clusters.
 * Word-internal cluster: yʼâakạ srûunị ‘stomach’ /jˀɑ̂ːkḁʂûːni/ > [jɑ̂ːkḁʂûːni] ~ [jɑ̂ːkʂûːni]
 * Word-final coda: úwàakạ ‘baby’; /úwɑ̀ːkḁ/ > [úwɑ̀ːkʰḁ] ~ [úwɑ̀ːkʰ]

Phonotactics
The only sequence of consonants (i.e. consonant cluster) that occurs in native Keresan words is a sequence of a fricative /ʃ ʂ/ and a stop or affricate. Clusters are restricted to beginnings of syllables (i.e. the syllable onset). When the alveolo-palatal consonant /ʃ/ occurs as C1, it combines with alveolar and palatal C2, whereas the retroflex alveolar /ʂ/ precedes bilabial and velar C2s, which suggest a complementary distribution. Consonant clusters may occur both word-initially and word-medially.

Orthography
Traditional Keresan beliefs postulate that Keres is a sacred language that must exist only in its spoken form. The language's religious connotation and years of persecution of Pueblo religion by European colonizers may also explain why no unified orthographic convention exists for Keresan. However, a practical spelling system has been developed for Laguna (Kʼawaika) and more recently for Acoma (Áakʼu) Keres, both of which are remarkably consistent.

In the Keres spelling system, each symbol represents a single phoneme. The letters ⟨c q z f⟩ and sometimes also ⟨v⟩ are not used. Digraphs represent both palatal consonants (written using a sequence of C and ⟨y⟩), and retroflex consonants, which are represented using a sequence of C and the letter ⟨r⟩. These graphemes used for writing Western Keres are shown between ⟨...⟩ below.

Signage at Acoma Pueblo
Signs at Acoma Pueblo sometimes use special diacritics for ejective consonants that differ from the symbols above, as shown in the table:

Vowel symbols
Vowel sounds are represented straightforwardly in the existing spellings for Keresan. Each vowel sound is written using a unique letter or digraph (for long vowels and diphthongs). However, there are two competing representations for the vowel /ɨ/. Some versions simply use the IPA ⟨ɨ⟩ whereas others use the letter ⟨v⟩ (the sound /v/ as in veal does not occur in Keresan). Voiceless vowels have also been represented in two ways; either underlined or with a dot below (see table).

Diacritics for tone
Tone may or may not be represented in the orthography of Keresan. When represented, four diacritics may be used above the vowel. Unlike the system used for Navajo, diacritics for tone are not repeated in long vowels.

Keres alphabet and alphabetical order
Although Keresan is not normally written, there exists only one dictionary of the language in which words are listed in any given order. In this dictionary of Western Keres, digraphs count as single letters, although ejective consonants are not listed separately; occurring after their non-ejective counterparts. The glottal stop ⟨ʼ⟩ and long vowels (e.g. ⟨aa ee ii⟩ etc.) are not treated as separate letters.

Orthography marking tone

 * Woodpecker and Coyote

 * ⟨Ái dítʼîishu srbígà kʼánâaya dyáʼâʼu. Shʼée srbígà ái dyěitsị ái náyáa shdyɨ dyáʼa.⟩
 * / ɑ́ì títʼîːʃù ʂpíkɑ̀ kʼɑ́nɑ̂ːjɑ̀ cɑ́ʔɑ̂ʔù | ʃʼéː ʂpíkɑ̀ ɑ́ì cěǐtsʰi̥ ɑ́ì nɑ́jɑ́ː ʃcɨ̀ cɑ́ʔɑ̀ /

Orthography without tone marking

 * Boas text

 * Baanaʼa, egu kauʼseeʼe, atsi sʼaama-ee srayutse.

Morphosyntax
Keresan is a split-ergative language in which verbs denoting states (i.e. stative verbs) behave differently from those indexing actions, especially in terms of the person affixes they take. This system of argument marking is based on a split-intransitive pattern, in which subjects are marked differently if they are perceived as actors than from when they are perceived as undergoers of the action being described.

The morphology of Keresan is mostly prefixing, although suffixes and reduplication also occur. Keresan distinguishes nouns, verbs, numerals and particles as word classes. Nouns in Keresan do not normally distinguish case or number, but they can be inflected for possession, with distinct constructions for alienable and inalienable possession. Other than possession, Keresan nouns show no comprehensive noun classes.

Word order
Keresan is a verb-final language, though word order is rather flexible.

John Bill gukacha

J. B. g-Ø-ukacha

John Bill 3S-3S-see

subject object verb

'John saw Bill.'

Negation
Negation is doubly marked in Keresan. In addition to the adverb dzaadi, verbs index negation through a suffix (e.g. -u).
 * Gukacha 'S/he saw her/him'
 * Dzaadi gukachau 'S/he didn't see her/him'

Verbal morphology
The verb is a central grammatical category in Keres, conveying the most information about events in communicative acts. Through its morphemes, Keresan verbs code not only person and number of the initiator of the action (e.g. “Tammy drinks decaf”) as is common in Indo-European languages, but also how the initiator is implicated in the action. For instance, the three verbs that describe Tammy's actions in “Tammy kicked the ball” vs. “Tammy jumped” vs. “Tammy sneezed” require different levels of effort from Tammy, that is when kicking vs. jumping vs. sneezing.

Additionally, the person and number of the undergoer of the action are all coded on the verb (e.g. the word gukacha means “S/he sees her/him”, a full sentence in English). The ways the speaker assesses the action (i.e. evidentiality, as in “I think Tammy arrived from class” vs. “Tammy arrived from class”). Finally, the internal temporal structure of the action (i.e. aspect, as in “Tammy was sneezing in class” vs. “Tammy sneezed in class”) is also coded in Keresan verbs.

According to Maring (1967), the Keresan verb is organized around the following grammatical categories (pp. 39–40)

 * Subject/Object relations
 * Subject of intransitive verbs: marked by a prefix that distinguishes 3-4 persons in the singular (see below).
 * Subject of transitive verbs: marked by a prefix that distinguishes 3-4 persons in the singular (see below).
 * Object of transitive verbs: marked by a prefix that combines with the subject prefix, or by a suffix
 * Number relations
 * Singular: usually marked by a prefix
 * Dual: can be marked by a prefix, partial reduplication or by suffixes
 * Plural: can be marked by a prefix, partial reduplication, by suffixes or by suppletive stem forms (i.e. singular and plural forms are not related etymologically)
 * Temporal relations
 * Future: is marked on the verb by a series of prefixes that also encode number
 * Modality relations
 * Indicative
 * Dubitative
 * Hortative
 * Negative hortative
 * Negative
 * Future negative
 * Voice relations
 * Active
 * Passive
 * Reflexive
 * Reciprocal
 * Aspect
 * Imperfective
 * Inceptive
 * Repetitive
 * Continuative
 * Habitual
 * Inchoative
 * Perfective

The verbal prefix
In Keres, the verbal prefix carries information from five different grammatical categories: argument role, modality, polarity, person and number. That is, a single Keresan verb prefix codes who initiated the action and how implicated that entity is (the subject/case), whom underwent the effects of the action (the direct object), the speaker's assessment of the action (the modality) and whether it occurred or not (polarity). On the other hand, information about when the action took place (i.e. tense) is expressed elsewhere in a clause, mostly by adverbs.

Number
Keresan verbs distinguish three numbers: singular, dual (two entities) and plural (more than two entities); and four persons: first (the speaker), second (the hearer), third (a known, definite or salient entity being talked about) and fourth (a non-salient, unknown or indefinite entity being talked about, also known as obviative) persons. The plural and dual forms are often marked by reduplication of part of the stem (gukacha ‘s/he saw it’ vs guʼukacha ‘the two of them saw it’).

Argument role
Languages encode two main types of actions: those in which the main participant initiates an action that produces change in an object (e.g. kick a ball, buy a gift , cook a dish , read a book ); and those in which the action produces no (perceived) change in the world or that have no object (sneezing, breathing, growing, diving, etc.). Actions that take an object are encoded by transitive verbs, whereas those that take no object are expressed via intransitive verbs.

Intransitive verbs
In Indo-European languages like English, all intransitive verbs behave similarly (‘They sneeze/breathe/dive/think’/etc.). In Keresan, actions that take no object are conceptualized in two distinct ways depending on how the initiator of the action is implicated. More active-like intransitive verbs (e.g. ‘to sneeze’) are coded through one set of morphemes, whereas actions conceptualized as involving the initiator at a lesser degree (e.g. ‘to believe’) are coded using a separate set of prefixes.

Ideas expressed in Indo-European languages with adjectives are most often encoded by verbs in Keresan. That is, in Keresan one express the idea in the sentence ‘He is selfish’ by saying something along the lines of ‘He selfishes’. In such “actions”, the entity that is characterized by them is not implicated in the action directly (i.e. it's beyond their control), and thus belong in the Inactive intransitive category. The different sets of prefixes are shown below:

Aspect
Aspect in Keresan is signalled by suffixes.

Time (tense) adverbials
The category of tense is expressed in Keresan via adverbs that indicate when the action about which one is speaking took place.

Lexicon
New words are coined through a number of roots that are combined to pre-existing ones. Compounding is a common strategy for word building, although derivation also occurs.

Numerals
The Keresan numeral system is a base 10 system. Numerals 11–19, as well as those between the multiple of tens, are formed by adding the word kʼátsi (/ kʼátsʰɪ / 'ten') followed by the word dzidra (/tsɪtʂa/ 'more'). Numerals 20 and above are formed by adding a multiplicative adverb (-wa or -ya) to the base number and the word kʼátsi.

Loanwords from Spanish
European colonizers arriving in the Southwest US brought with them material culture and concepts that were unknown to the peoples living in the area. Words for the new ideas introduced by Spaniards were often borrowed into Keres directly from Early Modern Spanish, and a large number of these persists in Modern Keresan.

Proto-language
Selected Proto-Keresan reconstructions of plants, animals, and toponyms by Miller and Davis (1963):

 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! no. !! gloss !! Proto-Keresan
 * 10 || wheat || *ʔáṣánɪ
 * 17 || centipede || *ʔíʔìˑdʸawa
 * 19 || cholla cactus || *ʔiˑbánɪ
 * 27 || porcupine || *ʔiˑṣ̍á
 * 45 || toad || *bêˑrak̠ᴀ
 * 63 || turkey || *cinᴀ
 * 64 || fox || *cúsk̠ɪ
 * 71 || locust || *c̍íˑga
 * 72 || Zia Pueblo || *c̍íˑy̍á
 * 78 || kiva || *c̆ídʸá
 * 83 || medicine man || *č̇áyâˑni
 * 84 || hawk || *č̇ɨ́ˑríga
 * 85 || horned toad || *dabínᴜsk̠ᴀ
 * 87 || Santa Ana Pueblo || *dámáyá
 * 88 || squash || *dâˑni
 * 91 || corn husk || *díˑskámí
 * 93 || dog || *díyᴀ
 * 98 || bobcat || *dʸáˑdʸᴜ
 * 101 || deer || *dʸán̍é
 * 104 || gourd || *dʸáˑwí
 * 105 || piñon pine || *dʸèic̠ɪ
 * 108 || elk || *dʸɨ́ˑṣᴀ
 * 110 || badger || *dʸúˑbí
 * 112 || beans || *gánami
 * 114 || seed || *gáwɪc̠ɪ
 * 119 || bear || *gúháyᴀ
 * 124 || yucca || *háʔásc̐á
 * 127 || oak || *ha̍ˑbánɪ
 * 137 || pine tree || *hâˑniˑ
 * 147 || Jemez Pueblo || *héˑmíšíˑ-cɪ, *héˑmíšíˑ-zé
 * 149 || turtle || *héyᴀdʸɪ
 * 157 || willow || *híẓᵻsk̍áwa
 * 158 || dove || *húˑʔùˑga
 * 161 || yucca fruit || *hùˑsk̍ani
 * 169 || antelope || *kɨ́ˑc̠ɪ
 * 175 || wolf || *k̍ákana
 * 176 || spider || *k̍ámᴀsk̠ᵻ
 * 198 || mountain lion || *mûˑk̍aiẓᴀ
 * 200 || buffalo || *múšêiẓᴀ
 * 201 || soapweed || *múšɪ
 * 213 || hummingbird || *m̍îˑzᴀ
 * 225 || prairie dog || *nɨ́t̠ɪ
 * 232 || bedbug || *peséc̍uru
 * 239 || salamander || *p̍águra
 * 241 || rabbit || *rèˑdʸᴀ
 * 246 || woodpecker || *sbíga
 * 247 || chicken || *sbíˑná
 * 251 || meadowlark || *sc̐áˑná
 * 254 || grasshopper || *sc̐ár̍ɪ
 * 260 || crow || *sc̐ɨ́r̍á
 * 262 || wild honey || *sc̐úmᵻ
 * 264 || mosquito || *sc̐úy̍úˑná
 * 274 || ant || *síˑʔí
 * 275 || squirrel || *síˑdʸᴀ
 * 279 || mouse || *síyan̍ᵻ
 * 282 || bighorn sheep || *skàˑsk̠ᴜ
 * 286 || bullsnake || *sk̍áʔáˑdʸᴜ
 * 287 || fish || *sk̍àˑšᵻ
 * 291 || peas || *sk̍úrúˑná
 * 293 || dwarf corn || *spíníní
 * 306 || parrot || *šâˑwit̠ᴀ
 * 307 || flea, louse || *šínaˑ
 * 309 || goose || *šúˑdá
 * 318 || blue jay || *ṣúisɪ
 * 319 || snake || *ṣûˑwiˑ
 * 342 || abalone shell || *w̍a̍ˑbɨ́nɪ
 * 347 || duck || *w̍âˑyuṣᴀ
 * 354 || corn silk || *yábášɪ
 * 355 || corn || *yáˑčínɪ
 * 356 || mesquite || *yêˑt̠ᴜ
 * 357 || worm || *yúʔúbɨ́
 * 369 || corn cob || *y̍úˑskúm̍á
 * }
 * 176 || spider || *k̍ámᴀsk̠ᵻ
 * 198 || mountain lion || *mûˑk̍aiẓᴀ
 * 200 || buffalo || *múšêiẓᴀ
 * 201 || soapweed || *múšɪ
 * 213 || hummingbird || *m̍îˑzᴀ
 * 225 || prairie dog || *nɨ́t̠ɪ
 * 232 || bedbug || *peséc̍uru
 * 239 || salamander || *p̍águra
 * 241 || rabbit || *rèˑdʸᴀ
 * 246 || woodpecker || *sbíga
 * 247 || chicken || *sbíˑná
 * 251 || meadowlark || *sc̐áˑná
 * 254 || grasshopper || *sc̐ár̍ɪ
 * 260 || crow || *sc̐ɨ́r̍á
 * 262 || wild honey || *sc̐úmᵻ
 * 264 || mosquito || *sc̐úy̍úˑná
 * 274 || ant || *síˑʔí
 * 275 || squirrel || *síˑdʸᴀ
 * 279 || mouse || *síyan̍ᵻ
 * 282 || bighorn sheep || *skàˑsk̠ᴜ
 * 286 || bullsnake || *sk̍áʔáˑdʸᴜ
 * 287 || fish || *sk̍àˑšᵻ
 * 291 || peas || *sk̍úrúˑná
 * 293 || dwarf corn || *spíníní
 * 306 || parrot || *šâˑwit̠ᴀ
 * 307 || flea, louse || *šínaˑ
 * 309 || goose || *šúˑdá
 * 318 || blue jay || *ṣúisɪ
 * 319 || snake || *ṣûˑwiˑ
 * 342 || abalone shell || *w̍a̍ˑbɨ́nɪ
 * 347 || duck || *w̍âˑyuṣᴀ
 * 354 || corn silk || *yábášɪ
 * 355 || corn || *yáˑčínɪ
 * 356 || mesquite || *yêˑt̠ᴜ
 * 357 || worm || *yúʔúbɨ́
 * 369 || corn cob || *y̍úˑskúm̍á
 * }
 * 282 || bighorn sheep || *skàˑsk̠ᴜ
 * 286 || bullsnake || *sk̍áʔáˑdʸᴜ
 * 287 || fish || *sk̍àˑšᵻ
 * 291 || peas || *sk̍úrúˑná
 * 293 || dwarf corn || *spíníní
 * 306 || parrot || *šâˑwit̠ᴀ
 * 307 || flea, louse || *šínaˑ
 * 309 || goose || *šúˑdá
 * 318 || blue jay || *ṣúisɪ
 * 319 || snake || *ṣûˑwiˑ
 * 342 || abalone shell || *w̍a̍ˑbɨ́nɪ
 * 347 || duck || *w̍âˑyuṣᴀ
 * 354 || corn silk || *yábášɪ
 * 355 || corn || *yáˑčínɪ
 * 356 || mesquite || *yêˑt̠ᴜ
 * 357 || worm || *yúʔúbɨ́
 * 369 || corn cob || *y̍úˑskúm̍á
 * }
 * 319 || snake || *ṣûˑwiˑ
 * 342 || abalone shell || *w̍a̍ˑbɨ́nɪ
 * 347 || duck || *w̍âˑyuṣᴀ
 * 354 || corn silk || *yábášɪ
 * 355 || corn || *yáˑčínɪ
 * 356 || mesquite || *yêˑt̠ᴜ
 * 357 || worm || *yúʔúbɨ́
 * 369 || corn cob || *y̍úˑskúm̍á
 * }
 * 355 || corn || *yáˑčínɪ
 * 356 || mesquite || *yêˑt̠ᴜ
 * 357 || worm || *yúʔúbɨ́
 * 369 || corn cob || *y̍úˑskúm̍á
 * }
 * 369 || corn cob || *y̍úˑskúm̍á
 * }
 * }

In popular media
Keres was one of the seven languages sung in the Coca-Cola "It's Beautiful" commercial during the 2014 Super Bowl featuring "America the Beautiful".

title: Keres language


text:
¡Hola!

¡Hola! is a weekly Spanish-language magazine specializing in celebrity news, published in Madrid, Spain, and in 15 other countries, with local editions in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Greece, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States and Venezuela. It is the second most popular magazine in Spain after Pronto. The title means "Hello!" in English and it is the parent magazine of the British magazine Hello!, ''Hello! Canada and Hola! USA''.

History and profile
¡Hola! was founded in Barcelona on 2 September 1944 by Antonio Sánchez Gómez, who continued to run the magazine until his death in the 1970s. He employed mainly relatives and to this day ¡Hola! remains a predominantly family run organisation, with Sánchez's wife still stepping in to provide layout for important royal wedding spreads. Later the headquarters of the magazine moved to Madrid.

Initially designed as a family magazine, Sánchez soon realized the potential for profit in the women's industry and initially focused on the doings of royalty, as well as offering a self-help section. Then the magazine became a gossip magazine, although the Spanish version still relies heavily on royalty for their gossip, whilst the English and Latin American versions focus more on Hollywood. The former Spanish Prime Minister Felipe González gave his first interview to the magazine when he was in office.

The magazine continues to grow and its edition in Argentina was launched in 2010.

Circulation
The combined readership of ¡Hola! and its various sister magazines is more than a million a week, a large growth from the original 4,000 copies which sold in its first week of production in 1944. The circulation of the magazine was 654,836 copies in 1993, making it the second best-selling magazine in Spain. The magazine was the third best selling magazine in the country with a circulation of 627,514 copies in 1997.

The circulation of ¡Hola! was 553,042 copies in 2005. Its circulation was 537,270 copies in 2008 and 475,049 in 2009.

title: ¡Hola!


text: Category:Porno for Pyros albums

title: Category:Porno for Pyros albums


text:
Kri-kri

The Kri-Kri (Capra hircus cretica), sometimes called the Cretan goat, Agrimi, or Cretan Ibex, is a feral goat inhabiting the Eastern Mediterranean, previously considered a subspecies of wild goat. The Kri-Kri today is found only in Greece: specifically on Crete and on three small islands off its coast (Dia, Thodorou, and Agii Pantes); as well as on the island of Sapientza (Messenian Oinousses) off the southwestern coast of Peloponnese, where it was brought in great numbers in order to protect the species from extinction.

The kri-kri has a light brownish coat with a darker band around its neck. It has two horns that sweep back from the head. In the wild they are shy and avoid humans, resting during the day. The animal can leap some distance or climb seemingly sheer cliffs.

The kri-kri is not thought to be indigenous to Crete, most likely having been imported to the island during the time of the Minoan civilization. It was once common throughout the Aegean but the peaks of the 2,400 m (8,000 ft) White Mountains of Western Crete are their last strongholds—particularly a series of almost vertical 900 m (3,000 ft) cliffs called 'the Untrodden'—at the head of the Samaria Gorge. This mountain range, which hosts another 14 endemic animal species, is protected as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. In total, their range extends to the White Mountains, the Samaria National Forest and the islets of Dia, Thodorou, and Agii Pandes. Recently some were introduced onto two more islands.

By 1960, the kri-kri was under threat, with a population below 200. It had been the only meat available to mountain guerillas during the German occupation in World War II. Its status was one reasons why the Samaria Gorge became a national park in 1962. There are still only about 2,000 animals on the island and they are considered vulnerable: hunters still seek them for their tender meat, grazing grounds have become scarcer and disease has affected them. Hybridization is also a threat, as the population has interbred with ordinary goats. Hunting them is strictly prohibited.

Archaeological excavations have unearthed several depictions of the kri-kri. Some academics believe that the animal was worshiped during antiquity. On the island, males are often called 'agrimi' (αγρίμι, i.e. 'the wild one'), while the name 'sanada' (σανάδα) is used for the female. The kri-kri is a symbol of the island, much used in tourism marketing and official literature.

As molecular analyses demonstrate, the kri-kri is not, as previously thought, a distinct subspecies of wild goat. Rather, it is a feral domestic goat, derived from the first stocks of goats domesticated in the Levant and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean around 8000-7500 BCE. Therefore, it represents a nearly ten-thousand-year-old "snapshot" of the first domestication of goats.

title: Kri-kri


text: Category:People from Texas

title: Category:People from Texas


text:
Scaredy Cat

Scaredy Cat is a 1948 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. The short was released on December 18, 1948, and stars Porky Pig and Sylvester the Cat. The cartoon is notable in that it marks the first time the name "Sylvester" is used for the popular feline character. In previous shorts, the cat is unnamed, except for in the 1947 cartoon Tweetie Pie in which he is referred to as "Thomas".

This is the first of three comedy horror-themed cartoons that starred the duo, with the other two being Claws for Alarm (1954) and Jumpin' Jupiter (1955). They all had the running theme of Porky and Sylvester settling down for the night in a location that was dangerous, with Porky being oblivious and Sylvester being aware and trying to alert Porky, but only succeeding in annoying him.

Plot
Porky purchases a new home from a real estate agent, which turns out to be an old Gothic-style house. His pet cat Sylvester is frightened by the creepy-looking place, but Porky finds it "quaint" and "peaceful" and looks forward to his first night there. Sylvester is already holding onto the bottom of Porky's coat, unwilling to let go, when he is spooked by a bat and jumps inside the coat. Porky chastises him for being afraid of the bat and says he is going upstairs to bed while Sylvester will sleep in the kitchen.

Unknown to Porky, Sylvester clings to him all the way to the bedroom and into bed. When Porky discovers him in the bed, he kicks him down the stairs, telling him to stay in the kitchen. Suddenly, Sylvester sees that the house is overrun with murderous mice who are in the process of carting off the previous owners' cat to be decapitated by a mouse wearing a black hood and holding an executioner's ax. Terrified, Sylvester races upstairs and hides in Porky's nightshirt. Porky begins scolding Sylvester, who interrupts this by demonstrating (in mime) what occurred downstairs. Porky criticizes the "ridiculous acting" and orders Sylvester back to the kitchen. Too frightened to comply, Sylvester pulls a gun from a dresser drawer and prepares to shoot himself in the head rather than face whatever fate the mice have in store for the pair. Porky disarms him and cannot believe how desperate his cat is.

Realizing he has no choice; Porky allows Sylvester to share the bed. Four mice push the bed out of the window, and it sticks on a pole. Porky, half-asleep and thinking it is cold in the room, asks Sylvester to close the window. Sylvester proceeds to do so, himself barely awake and walking on thin air, as the pole springs the bed back into the room. Sylvester closes a tiny curtain on a birdhouse, gets back into the bed that is not there and falls to the ground. He comes through the bedroom door with a big lump on his head. At that moment, he sees that the mice are about to drop an anvil on Porky from a crawlspace above the bed. Sylvester grabs the anvil at the last moment. Porky awakes and sees Sylvester poised above him with it in his hands. Porky questions Sylvester's intentions before dropping it on the cat's head and leading the way back to the kitchen. Descending the staircase, Sylvester sees the hooded mouse roll a bowling ball down the banister, targeted directly at Porky, who has reached the bottom. Sylvester races down the stairs and shoves Porky out of the way so hard that the pig ends up in the kitchen headfirst in a laundry basket. Meanwhile, at the base of the staircase, Sylvester teeters and then falls to the floor unconscious after his head is flattened by the bowling ball intended for Porky.

Porky storms back from the kitchen (not noticing the basket being lowered below the floor) demanding to know why Sylvester pushed him. Seeing the cat knocked out, Porky suggests it is just a ploy to gain sympathy. Over the next few scenes, as he lifts Sylvester, carries him to the kitchen and puts him in the basket, an oblivious Porky barely escapes many attempts, via several tools and weapons, by the mice to kill him. Sylvester, out cold in the basket, is lowered below the floor just after 1:00 A.M. and is raised up again just before 4:00 A.M., without the basket and with the normally black portions of his fur having turned completely pale gray. Traumatized, he makes his way to Porky's room where he startles the pig awake with his gruesome appearance. Finally at his wits' end, Porky drags him downstairs, and goes into the kitchen by himself to show Sylvester there is nothing to fear. After a few seconds of silence, Sylvester looks in the kitchen and sees the mice parading as they did earlier with the other cat, only now it is Porky who bound and gagged and on his way to be decapitated. As the mice take him away, Porky holds up a sign that reads "YOU WERE RIGHT – SYLVESTER". Sylvester is horrified and immediately flees out of the house. As he rests to catch his breath, his conscience (a miniature Sylvester wearing a wizard's robe and carrying a star-tipped wand) appears with an easel. Using the easel to draw diagrams and charts, the conscience berates Sylvester for cowardly leaving Porky to save his own skin, reminding how Porky raised him from a kitten, showing him the "comparative sizes" of a cat to a mouse, and demanding that he return to the house to take action. Reinvigorated, Sylvester grabs a tree branch for use as a weapon, then decides to use the whole tree instead and races back into the mouse-infested house to fight. He sends the hundreds of murderous mice running for their lives, much to his conscience's delight.

With the mice now all supposedly gone for good, Porky graciously apologizes to Sylvester and thanks him for saving his life. One leftover mouse (the executioner) pops out of the longcase clock behind Sylvester, wielding a large wooden mallet. Seeing this, Porky yells at Sylvester to look out, but the mouse clobbers Sylvester on the head, knocking him unconscious, much to Porky's shock. The mouse then yanks off his hood, revealing that he has transformed into a Lew Lehr caricature wearing a Napoleonic-era bicorne hat. The snaggletoothed rodent then chuckles and declares, "Pussycats is the cwaziest peoples!"

Reception
In Jerry Beck's 2020 compendium The 100 Greatest Looney Tunes Cartoons, animator Yvette Kaplan expresses her admiration for this short's script as well as for its pairing of Porky and Sylvester:"The enormously amusing Scaredy Cat, from director Chuck Jones and writer Mike Maltese, is a near perfect cartoon. Porky and Sylvester are a clown-and-straight-man duo on par with any you can think of. And though it's Porky, the straight man, who gets top billing in the opening title card, the wordless clown, Sylvester, steals the show...The more obvious Sylvester's torment, in fact, the more oblivious Porky becomesand the funnier the gags."

Home media

 * VHS - The Looney Tunes Video Show Volume 3
 * Laserdisc - Looney Tunes After Dark
 * VHS - Looney Tunes: The Collector's Edition Volume 2 - "Running Amuck"
 * VHS - Porky Pig (1990)
 * VHS - Special Bumper Collection (Vol. 4) (U.K.)
 * DVD - Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 1, Disc Two (original opening and credits restored)
 * DVD - Saturday Morning Cartoons: 1960s Volume 2, Disc One (part of The Porky Pig Show, without the opening and closing titles)
 * DVD, Blu-ray - Looney Tunes Platinum Collection: Volume 1

title: Scaredy Cat


text:
Porno for Pyros (album)

Porno for Pyros is the debut studio album by the American alternative rock band Porno for Pyros, released on April 27, 1993, by Warner Bros. Records. Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro and bassist Eric Avery, battling substance abuse issues, had left the band in 1991 in an attempt to stay clean, though the other half of the band wished to continue creating music. The remaining members of Jane's Addiction, Perry Farrell and Stephen Perkins, were joined by guitarist Peter DiStefano and future Jane's Addiction bassist Martyn LeNoble, and continued under the new band name Porno for Pyros. The band (and album) name is a reference to the 1992 Los Angeles riots, which are mentioned throughout the songs on the album as a recurring theme.

The album was certified Gold in the US by the RIAA and contained the No. 1 Modern rock single "Pets".

Music
Before the album's release, the musical direction and focus of the band and album were said to be "laid-back", "ethnic-influenced" and "edgy and experimental". Critics often compared the sound of Porno for Pyros to that of Jane's Addiction upon its release, noting many parallels in song structure and overall sound. Many of the songs on the album were written in Jane’s Addiction.

Such comparisons may be unavoidable; three of Porno for Pyros' founding four members (Farrell, Perkins and LeNoble) have either been past or are current members of Jane's Addiction. In addition, a number of songs on Porno for Pyros, namely "Blood Rag" and "Bad Shit", were written during the pre-1992 Jane's Addiction period, although they would remain unfinished and unrecorded until the Porno for Pyros album.

The songs "Cursed Female" and "Cursed Male" were released as the album's first single. The songs appear on the album as two separate tracks. In addition to the two respective album versions, the single also included the two songs together in medley form as a single track. This medley was also released on the album's second (and highest charting) single, "Pets".

Another non-album B-side, "A Little Sadness", was released as a track on Porno for Pyros' fourth and final single, "Sadness". Recorded during the album sessions but left off in favor of its namesake, the song was a complete reworking and rerecording of "Sadness". "A Little Sadness" featured primarily acoustic guitars, subdued vocals, bongos and saxophone, a sharp contrast to its electric progenitor. In an unusual move, a video was created for the B-side rather than the album track.

"Porno for Pyros", "Packin' .25" and "Black Girlfriend" all referenced or were inspired by the 1992 Los Angeles riots.

Critical reception
Newsday noted that "the playing is a little more minimalist than Jane's Addiction, with Perkins's percussion often spare and subtle (though prominent in the mix), while DiStefano's guitar is decidedly more earthbound than that of Jane's often adventurous David Navarro." Trouser Press opined that "the relentless stupidity of Farrell's wishfully scandalous dilettantism ... adds to the misery, but that’s nothing new for him." The New York Times wrote that "songs jump from drifting ballad to wah-wah funk to blaring power chords, from bluesy rock to Perkins's hard-rock version of Latin rhythms... The volatile, turbulent music scrabbles at emotions that rock rarely touches."

Personnel
Porno for Pyros
 * Perry Farrell – vocals
 * Peter DiStefano – guitars
 * Martyn LeNoble – bass
 * Stephen Perkins – drums, percussion

Additional personnel
 * Skatemaster Tate – sound additives
 * Matt Hyde – sound additives

Technical
 * Matt Hyde – production, recording engineer, mixing
 * Perry Farrell – production
 * Rob Seifert – recording engineer
 * Damien Wagner – assistant recording engineer
 * Chris Bellman – mastering

Artwork
 * Tom Recchion – art direction, design
 * Bill Hofstadter – artwork, photography
 * Perry Farrell – artwork
 * Barrie Goshko – lettering
 * Cecil Juanarena – computer imaging

title: Porno for Pyros (album)


text: Talk:Porno for Pyros (album)

title: Talk:Porno for Pyros (album)