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1977–78 in English football

The 1977–78 season was the 98th season of competitive football in England.

Diary of the season
11 July 1977: Don Revie resigns as manager of the England national football team after three years in charge.

12 July 1977: Barely 24 hours after quitting as England manager, Don Revie accepts a four-year contract worth £340,000 to take charge of the United Arab Emirates national team, making him the highest-paid football manager in the world.

14 July 1977: Dave Sexton steps down at Queens Park Rangers to take over as manager of Manchester United, where Tommy Docherty was sacked ten days ago. Frank Sibley succeeds Sexton at QPR, becoming the youngest manager in the history of the top-flight.

17 July 1977: Fulham are banned from the transfer market due to a reported £700,000 debt.

25 July 1977: Manchester City pay £300,000 for Southampton striker Mick Channon, who signs a six-year contract at Maine Road.

3 August 1977: Derby County sign a sponsorship deal with Swedish carmaker Saab, who supply all of the club's players with a Saab car.

5 August 1977: The Football League backs The Football Association's ban on sponsors advertising themselves on player's strips. However, non-league clubs are permitted to show sponsor's names on their players' shirts.

10 August 1977: Kenny Dalglish becomes the most expensive player to be signed by a British club when he joins Liverpool in a £440,000 move from Celtic. He takes over from Kevin Keegan, who recently joined Hamburg to become the most expensive player in Europe, as Liverpool's main striker.

11 August 1977: Pat Jennings ends 13 years at Tottenham Hotspur and signs for Arsenal in a £45,000 deal.

19 August 1977: Walsall hooligan Edward Beech, 19, receives a three-year prison sentence for kicking a policeman in the face at a game at Fellows Park last season.

20 August 1977: Champions Liverpool open the First Division season with 1–1 draw away to Middlesbrough. Promoted Nottingham Forest win 3–1 at Everton.

27 August 1977: Brian Clough sinks his old charges as his Nottingham Forest side beat rivals Derby County 3–0.

31 August 1977: Nottingham Forest top the First Division table at the end of the first month of the season after winning their first three matches. Birmingham City and West Ham United have both lost their first three games.

8 September 1977: Sir Alf Ramsey makes a shock return to management, taking over at the First Division's basement side Birmingham City following the resignation of Willie Bell. However, he also announces that this role will only be temporary, and that he will step down by, at the latest, the end of the season.

13–14 September 1977: In the Anglo-Scottish Cup quarter-final first legs, Fulham versus St Mirren and finishes 1–1, as does Notts County's visit to Motherwell. Bristol City and Blackburn Rovers are beaten, by Partick Thistle and Hibernian respectively.

19 September 1977: Tommy Docherty makes a swift return to management at Derby County, who demote Colin Murphy back to his previous role as reserve team manager.

27–29 September 1977: English clubs make up two of the four Anglo-Scottish Cup semi-final contingent, as Notts County and Bristol City progress. Blackburn and Fulham are eliminated, the latter after two late goals saw St Mirren win the match 5–3 on the night and 6–4 on aggregate.

30 September 1977: Manchester City, Nottingham Forest and Liverpool are level on points at the top of the League at the end of September. Newcastle United and winless Derby County fill the bottom two places.

15 October 1977: Bottom-of-the-table Newcastle United lose their tenth consecutive League match, a club record.

22 October 1977: Tottenham Hotspur's challenge for an immediate return to the First Division is boosted by a 9–0 home win over Bristol Rovers, in which debutant striker Colin Lee scores four goals and his partner Ian Moores scores a hat-trick.

31 October 1977: Nottingham Forest continue to set the pace at the end of October. They are now four points ahead of Liverpool. Newcastle United remain bottom, and are joined by Leicester City and Bristol City in the relegation zone.

9 November 1977: Newcastle United sack manager Richard Dinnis, as a result of the club's appalling form combined with Dinnis publicly criticising chairman Lord Westwood's running of the club.

18 November 1977: Bill McGarry is appointed as Newcastle United's new manager, and shakes the club up by immediately announcing that several of the players who threatened strike action to secure the appointment of previous manager Richard Dinnis earlier in the year, in particular Alan Gowling, Tommy Craig and team captain Geoff Nulty, are transfer-listed with immediate effect and will not play for the club again.

19 November 1977: Leeds United beat Nottingham Forest 1–0.

30 November 1977: After picking up just four points from four matches this month, Nottingham Forest have had their lead at the top of the table cut to just one point by Everton, with West Bromwich Albion and Coventry City a further two points behind. At the bottom, Newcastle United are already seven points from safety; Leicester City and West Ham United complete the bottom three.

17 December 1977: Nottingham Forest shock everyone by beating Manchester United 4–0 at Old Trafford, shaking off the 'caretaker leaders' tag applied to them by members of the media, who firmly believed Liverpool would lead the way at this stage.

22 December 1977: West Bromwich Albion manager Ronnie Allen resigns, despite the club being fourth in the First Division.

26 December 1977: Manchester United thrash high-flying Everton 6–2.

27 December 1977: The highest scoring game of the day is at Highfield Road, as Coventry City beat Norwich City 5–4. Everton lose for the second time in two days, this time against Leeds United at a sold-out Elland Road. Arsenal go level on point with the Toffeemen by registering their fifth consecutive away win, with victory at West Bromwich Albion.

31 December 1977: Nottingham Forest end a remarkable year with a clear five-point lead over Everton at the top of the First Division. Newcastle United have overtaken Leicester City at the bottom, and Queens Park Rangers have slipped into the relegation zone just two seasons after finishing second in the League.

7 January 1978: FA Cup third round day sees Leeds United fans invade the Elland Road pitch, reportedly to get their match with Manchester City called off after the Yorkshire club go 2–0 down; City's goalkeeper Joe Corrigan is hauled to the ground. Elsewhere, reigning Cup winners Manchester United draw with Third Division club Carlisle United, Blyth Spartans win the battle of the non-leaguers by beating Enfield, Bristol City and Wrexham share eight in the Anglo-Welsh derby, Tilbury's FA Cup run is ended by Stoke City, and Chelsea beat Liverpool 4–2.

10 January 1978: Liverpool pay a British record £352,000 for Middlesbrough midfielder Graeme Souness.

12 January 1978: Cambridge United manager Ron Atkinson is appointed as manager of West Bromwich Albion. Cambridge, who are second in the Third Division, announce that Atkinson's assistant, John Docherty will succeed him as manager.

28 January 1978: First Division strugglers Leicester City are knocked out of the FA Cup by Third Division Walsall in one of the shocks of this season's competition. Holders Manchester United are held to a 1–1 draw at home by West Bromwich Albion.

31 January 1978: Nottingham Forest's title bid shows no signs of faltering, and they are six points ahead of Manchester City, Everton and Liverpool at the end of January.

1 February 1978: West Bromwich Albion beat Manchester United 3–2 in an FA Cup fourth round replay. John Toshack, 29 next month, becomes the youngest manager in the Football League when he ends eight years on Liverpool's playing staff to become player-manager of Swansea City.

9 February 1978: Manchester United pay a national record fee of £495,000 for Leeds United defender Gordon McQueen.

6 March 1978: Birmingham City appoint Blackburn Rovers manager Jim Smith as their new manager, as Sir Alf Ramsay announces his retirement from football management.

8 March 1978: Liverpool suffer their fourth defeat in five League games, 4–2 at Derby County, and now trail Nottingham Forest by nine points having played a game more.

11 March 1978: West Bromwich Albion beat Nottingham Forest 2–0 at The Hawthorns in the FA Cup sixth round. Arsenal beat Wrexham 3–2, and Ipswich Town win 6–1 at Millwall in a game interrupted by rioting spectators.

18 March 1978: The League Cup final ends in a goalless draw between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest.

22 March 1978: Nottingham Forest end their 19-year wait for a major trophy by defeating Liverpool 1–0 in the Football League Cup final replay at Old Trafford, thanks to a penalty by John Robertson.

23 March 1978: Hartlepool United defender Dave Wiggett, 20, is killed in a car crash.

31 March 1978: Nottingham Forest remain in a commanding position at the top of the First Division, four points ahead of Everton with two games in hand. At the bottom, Leicester City and Newcastle United have been cut adrift, and Queens Park Rangers are one point behind West Ham United in the battle to avoid the remaining relegation spot.

5 April 1978: Leicester City sack manager Frank McLintock, following a defeat to Liverpool which has all but confirmed their relegation barring a highly improbable set of results.

15 April 1978: Leicester City's relegation is confirmed with a 4–1 defeat at home to Birmingham City. The Foxes go down with just four wins and 22 goals from their 39 matches so far this season.

17 April 1978: Newcastle United lose at Aston Villa and are relegated to the Second Division.

22 April 1978: Nottingham Forest seal the Football League First Division title, and become only the third club in history to do so a year after winning promotion. They get the point they need to guarantee the championship with four matches left from a goalless draw with Coventry City.

25 April 1978: Harry Griffiths, who recently stepped down as manager of Swansea City but was retained as assistant manager by his successor John Toshack, dies of heart attack aged 47 just before Swansea's 3-1 win over Scunthorpe United which moves them closer to promotion to the Third Division.

29 April 1978: West Ham United lose 2–0 at home to Liverpool, and can now only stay up on goal difference if Wolverhampton Wanderers lose their remaining two matches. Alex Stepney, the 35-year-old Manchester United goalkeeper, retires from playing. He spent the final 12 years of his playing career at Old Trafford, and at the time of his retirement he was the club's longest serving player and the last player remaining from their European Cup triumph of 1968. He also contributed to the League title triumph of 1967, relegation in 1974, promotion in 1975 and FA Cup glory in 1977.

2 May 1978: Wolverhampton Wanderers beat Aston Villa 3–1 to stay in the First Division at West Ham United's expense.

4 May 1978: Champions Nottingham Forest draw 0–0 with second-place Liverpool at Anfield to finish seven points clear at the top of the table. They are unbeaten in their last 26 League matches, a run stretching back to November, and have lost just three League games all season.

2 June 1978: Wigan Athletic, runners-up of the Northern Premier League, are elected to the Football League Fourth Division at the expense of Southport. Boston United, champions of the Northern Premier League, had been unable to apply for election to the Football League.

15 June 1978: Blackpool midfielder Alan Groves died of a heart attack aged 29.

National teams
Ron Greenwood, general manager of West Ham United and team manager until 1974, accepted an offer to become temporary manager of the England national team in August 1977, initially for three matches only. In November, England beat Italy 2–0 at Wembley Stadium in their final World Cup qualifying game, but failed to qualify for next summer's final tournament after Italy won against Luxembourg in December.

Despite their failure to qualify for the World Cup, Ron Greenwood was appointed England manager on a four-and-a-half-year contract. His first match as permanent England manager ended in a 2–1 defeat to West Germany in Munich in February 1978. In April, a goal from Kevin Keegan gave England a 1–1 draw against Brazil at Wembley. Steve Coppell scored the only goal in England's 1–0 win over Scotland at Hampden Park in May. England won the Home Championship with a 100% record.

UEFA Competitions
Liverpool won the 1977 European Super Cup by completing a 7–1 aggregate win over Hamburg; they won the second leg 6–0 after drawing 1–1 in the first leg. Former Liverpool striker Kevin Keegan was in the Hamburg side. They went on to beat Club Brugge 1–0 in the 1978 European Cup Final at Wembley Stadium thanks to a Kenny Dalglish goal, thus retaining the European Cup.

Manchester United were thrown out of the European Cup Winners' Cup on owing to the behaviour of their fans in the away leg of their tie against St. Étienne. They were reinstated a week later, but had to play the second leg at least 300 km from Manchester, at Plymouth Argyle's Home Park ground.

FA Cup
Bobby Robson led Ipswich Town to victory in the FA Cup, winning the final 1–0 against Arsenal at Wembley Stadium. Roger Osborne scored the only goal of the game as Ipswich won the FA Cup for the first time. Arsenal and Ipswich reached the final after semi-final victories over Orient and West Bromwich Albion respectively. Second Division Orient reached the semi-final with a 2–1 replay victory over Middlesbrough.

Northern Premier League side Blyth Spartans beat Second Division Stoke City 3–2 away to become the first non-league club to reach the fifth round of the FA Cup in 29 years. They were seconds away from reaching the quarter-finals, but Wrexham equalised from a retaken corner kick before winning 2–1 in the replay. Wrexham had beaten Newcastle United 4–1 in a replay earlier in the competition.

League Cup
Nottingham Forest won the League Cup after victory over Liverpool in the replay.

First Division
Nottingham Forest won the First Division title with just three league defeats all season, one season after promotion. In doing so, their manager Brian Clough became only the second manager in English football to win the First Division title with different clubs. Clough's men also won the Football League Cup. It was the first time that Forest had won either trophy.

Liverpool finished runners-up in the league and retained the European Cup. Everton, Manchester City and Arsenal completed the top five. West Bromwich Albion finished sixth and sealed a UEFA Cup place, having continued to impress in the First Division following the mid-season resignation of Ronnie Allen as manager and the appointment of Ron Atkinson as his successor.

Manchester United broke the British transfer fee record on 9 February by paying Leeds United £495,000 for Scottish defender Gordon McQueen but finished a disappointing 10th, having sacked Tommy Docherty in the close season following the revelation of his affair with the wife of the club's physiotherapist. His replacement was former QPR boss Dave Sexton.

Leicester City and Newcastle United were bracketed together on 22 points after a terrible First Division campaign, Newcastle's relegation coming just one season after they had finished fifth in the league and qualified for the UEFA Cup. They were joined in the drop zone by West Ham United, the 1975 FA Cup winners, who kept faith in manager John Lyall and managed to hold on to key players Billy Bonds and Trevor Brooking.

Second Division
After narrowly missing out on promotion for the last two seasons, Bolton Wanderers finally ended their lengthy absence from the First Division by clinching the Second Division title. Southampton finished a point behind them in second place, ending their four-year absence from the First Division, during which they had won the FA Cup in 1976. Tottenham Hotspur clinched the final promotion place on goal difference, their advantage over fourth-placed Brighton being assisted by a 9-0 scoreline over Bristol Rovers in October, during which striker Colin Lee had scored four goals on his club debut.

For much of the season it had been a four-horse race at the top of the Second Division, with fifth placed Blackburn Rovers finishing eleven points behind the leading pack.

Hull City were relegated to the third tier for the first time since 1966, after a campaign in which four different managers took charge of the team. Mansfield Town were relegated straight back to the Third Division after a year, never looking like they would survive in their first-ever season at this level, though a late fightback after the appointment of veteran manager Billy Bingham at least saw them avoid last place. Blackpool were the final relegated side; they had been safely in mid-table for much of the campaign, but a disastrous end to the season combined with a host of other results going against them sent them down to the third tier for the first time ever. They would not return to this level until 2007.

Third Division
Wrexham won the Third Division title to clinch a place in the Second Division. They were joined by Cambridge United and Preston North End. Peterborough United, who had yet to progress beyond this level of the league, missed out on promotion on goal difference. Chester, another club with a similar track record in the league, finished two points short of the promotion places.

Portsmouth, the 1939 FA Cup winners and with two league titles to their name from the early postwar years, finished bottom of the Third Division to fall into the Fourth Division for the first time, and their very existence was also threatened by large debts. Hereford United, Bradford City and Port Vale also went down.

Fourth Division
Graham Taylor guided Watford to the Fourth Division title by an 11-point margin to repeat the promotion success he had achieved at Lincoln City two seasons earlier. Southend United finished second, while John Toshack kicked off his managerial career by taking Swansea City to promotion just weeks after being appointed. Brentford clinched the final promotion place, with Aldershot missing out on promotion by two points.

Wimbledon played their first season in the Football League, replacing Workington.

Southport, having finished second-from-bottom for the third season in succession, were voted out of the Football League and replaced by Wigan Athletic. This would ultimately prove the final occasion where a club failed to earn re-election to the League, and the same 92 clubs would continue to make up its membership until 1987, by which point automatic promotion and relegation between the League and the Football Conference had been introduced.

Top goalscorers
First Division
 * Bob Latchford (Everton) – 30 goals

Second Division
 * Bob Hatton (Blackpool) – 22 goals

Third Division
 * Alex Bruce (Preston North End) – 27 goals

Fourth Division
 * Alan Curtis (Swansea City), Steve Phillips (Brentford) – 32 goals

Awards
Football Writers' Association
 * FWA Footballer of the Year – Kenny Burns, Nottingham Forest

Professional Footballers' Association
 * PFA Players' Player of the Year – Peter Shilton, Nottingham Forest
 * PFA Young Player of the Year – Tony Woodcock, Nottingham Forest
 * PFA Merit Award – Bill Shankly

Famous debutants
3 September 1977: Cyrille Regis, 19-year-old French Guiana born striker, makes his debut for West Bromwich Albion against Middlesbrough at The Hawthorns in the First Division, scoring in a 2–1 win.

3 September 1977: Russell Osman, 18-year-old defender, makes his debut for Ipswich Town in the 1–0 First Division win over Chelsea at Portman Road.

14 January 1978: Alan Brazil, 18-year-old Scottish striker, makes his debut for Ipswich Town as a substitute in the 2-1 First Division defeat by Manchester United at Portman Road.

28 January 1978: Craig Johnston, 17-year-old Australian midfielder, makes his debut for Middlesbrough in the 3-2 F.A Cup 4th Round win over Everton at Ayresome Park.

18 March 1978: Alvin Martin, 19-year-old defender, makes his debut as a substitute for West Ham United in the 4-1 First Division defeat by Aston Villa at Villa Park.

11 April 1978: Paul Goddard, 18-year-old striker, makes his debut as a substitute for Queen's Park Rangers in the 2-1 First Division win over Arsenal at Loftus Road.

15 April 1978: Terry Butcher, 19-year-old defender, makes his debut for Ipswich Town in the 1–0 First Division defeat by Everton at Goodison Park.

Deaths

 * 30 August 1977 - Alf Young, 71, played 283 league games in defence for Huddersfield Town between 1929 and 1939 and was capped nine times for England before his career was cut short by the war. After the war, he managed three Danish club sides and took charge of the Danish national side in 1956.
 * 23 October 1977 - Dick Crawshaw, 79, played 66 league at inside-forward for Manchester City, Halifax Town and Nelson between 1919 and 1924.
 * 29 November 1977 - Wilfred Milne, 78, spent his whole career as a full-back with Swansea between 1920 and 1937, making a club record 586 league appearances for the Swans.
 * 27 December 1977 - James Marshall, 69, began his career with Rangers in his native Scotland in 1925 and scored 138 league goals before his transfer south of the border to Arsenal in 1934. However, he played just four league games for the Gunners before he moved to West Ham United the following year, scoring 14 goals in 59 league games before retiring in 1937. He was capped three times by Scotland.
 * 22 February 1978 - Jack Taylor, 64, played 201 league games as a full-back for Wolverhampton Wanderers, Norwich City and Hull City between 1931 and 1950, his career being disrupted by the war. He then managed non-league Weymouth before being appointed to QPR in 1952, serving at Loftus Road for seven years despite failing to win them promotion from the third tier of the English league. He was then recruited to Leeds United but they were relegated and he was dismissed in March 1961 to be succeeded by Don Revie.
 * 23 March 1978 – Dave Wiggett, 20, Hartlepool United defender who was killed in a car crash.
 * 4 April 1978 – Tony Leighton, 38, former Doncaster Rovers, Barnsley, Huddersfield Town and Bradford City striker, who died from motor neurone disease.
 * 25 April 1978 - Harry Griffiths, 47, who served Swansea for most of the last three decades of his life, was the club's assistant manager when he died of a heart attack during the game at Vetch Field in which they clinched promotion to the Third Division. He made 422 appearances in the league as a full-back between 1949 and 1964, scoring an impressive (for a defender) 72 goals. He returned to the club as coach in 1967 and was promoted to the manager's seat in 1975, becoming assistant manager weeks before his death on the appointment of John Toshack as player-manager.
 * 15 June 1978 – Alan Groves, 29, Blackpool midfielder who died as a result of a heart attack. He had previously played for five other clubs, most notably Oldham Athletic.

title: 1977–78 in English football


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Trishna

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. no consensus - 5 Delete / 5 Keep -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:20, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Trishna
This was improperly and not completely posted to VfD. I'm finishing the process. No vote. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-13 15:00 Z
 * Delete - there is no such thing as Polish mythology and the name does not even sound western slavic. Unless anyone can confirm the existence of such phenomenon or state some reliable sources, it seems like some sort of a new-age rubbish. [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 12:57, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - more nonsense Brookie 17:52, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — the claim that there's no such thing as Polish mythology is bizarre, and I found references on the web (e.g., 1 and 2. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:58, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per above Kappa 22:26, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dictionary definition. Megan1967 00:43, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, nonsense, hoax, whatever. Wyss 01:43, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * So the references on the Web are irrelevant? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:08, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as Mel Etitis said. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:57, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * I repeat: the hell? "Trishna" is a more common term than "Tawals", and thus it's more difficult to winnow the relevant info from Google, but it's there. Goddess of the dead from pre-Christian Poland (for a slightly vague definition of "Poland"). Keep. DS 22:27, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Comment. I'm very suspicious; the two links Mel Etitis found appear to be the only information on Trishna, and they are extremely brief and nearly identical. All other references are Wikipedia mirrors, and Wikipedia just copies one of those two sources. Jayjg (talk)  03:25, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I know what you mean, but I'd not really expect to find many references on the Web to pre-Christian Polish minor deities... Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:10, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Out of interest, though, I've also found this (no mention of the names of the various deities, but at least it's further evidence (if evidence were needed, forsooth) that there's such a thing as Polish mythology, and that it contained deities of the kind referred to in the three articles under a VfD. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:21, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, utter nonsense, no such thing as "Polish" mythology. JamesBurns 07:44, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Can someone explain this peculiar insistence on the part of some Users that Poland is unique in having no muthology? Is there some religious or other belief behind it? I've come across irrationality in other discussions, but this repeated blank repetition of a nonsensical claim is new to me (outside articles attracting fundemntalist religion and racist politics). What;s going on? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:17, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Trishna


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Auckland Castle

Auckland Castle, also known as Auckland Palace, is a former bishop's palace located in the town of Bishop Auckland in County Durham, England. The castle was a residence of the bishops of Durham from approximately 1183 and was their primary residence between 1832 and 2012, when the castle and its contents were sold to the Auckland Castle Trust (now the Auckland Project). It is now a tourist attraction, but still houses the bishop's offices.

The castle is notable for its chapel, described as "one of the finest rooms in North East England" in the Buildings of England series, which was the medieval great hall until it was remodelled by Bishop John Cosin in 1661–65. The woodwork, which includes the pulpit, stalls, and screen, was commissioned by Cosin and combines Gothic and Baroque forms. The castle also contains twelve paintings depicting Jacob and His Twelve Sons by the Spanish painter Francisco de Zurbarán; the thirteenth portrait, Benjamin, is a copy, as the original hangs in Grimsthorpe Castle, Lincolnshire. Auckland Castle is a grade I listed building.

History
Auckland Castle occupies an area of flat ground between the River Gaunless and River Wear, south of their confluence. The town of Bishop Auckland abuts the castle to the west, and on the other three sides the land falls away steeply to the rivers. The castle was probably begun by Hugh de Puiset, who was bishop from 1153 to 1195, and completed in the first half of the thirteenth century. The present chapel survives from his building, where it served as the great hall.

A college for a dean and nine canons was established immediately west of the castle's enclosing wall by Bishop Booth in the fifteenth century.

In 1603 after the Union of the Crowns, Tobias Matthew invited Anne of Denmark, Prince Henry, and Princess Elizabeth to stay at Auckland on their journey from Scotland to London. After the disestablishment of the Church of England at the end of the First English Civil War in 1646, Auckland Castle was sold to Sir Arthur Hazelrigg, who demolished much of the medieval building, including the original two-storey chapel, and built a mansion. After the Restoration of the Monarchy, Bishop John Cosin in turn demolished Hazelrigg's mansion and rebuilt the castle, converting the banqueting hall into the chapel that stands today.

In 1756, Bishop Richard Trevor bought the notable set of paintings, Jacob and his twelve sons, by Francisco de Zurbarán which still hang in the Long Dining Room. It is possible that the seventeenth century paintings were intended for South America. However they never reached their supposed destination, eventually coming into the possession of James Mendez who sold twelve of the thirteen to Bishop Trevor in 1757.

Bishop Trevor was unable to secure the 13th portrait, Benjamin, which was sold separately to the Duke of Ancaster and hangs in Grimsthorpe Castle, Lincolnshire. Bishop Trevor commissioned Arthur Pond to produce a copy painting of "Benjamin". The copy, together with the 12 originals, hang in the castle's Long Dining Room, which Bishop Trevor had redesigned especially to take the pictures.

Shute Barrington, Bishop of Durham from 1791 to 1826, employed the eminent architect James Wyatt to match the disparate architecture of the palace in the late 18th century, including its Throne Room and Garden Screen. In 1832, when William van Mildert, the last bishop to rule the county palatine of Durham, gave over Durham Castle to found Durham University, Auckland Castle became the sole episcopal seat of the See of Durham.

In 2001 the Church Commissioners voted to sell the paintings, a decision that was revoked in 2011 following a donation of £15 million by investment manager and philanthropist Jonathan Ruffer; new arrangements placed the paintings, along with the castle, under the Auckland Castle Trust, making them available to the public after centuries during which they hung in a private home where they could be seen only by invited guests or by special arrangement with the Bishop's staff.

2019 re-opening
News reports in 2019 clarified the situation, stating that in 2012, Ruffer had purchased the castle and all of the contents, including the artwork, which included the works by Francisco de Zurbarán. The paintings, which had been on tour, were returned to the site in time for the re-opening of the castle to visitors on 2 November 2019 as the Auckland Project, after a multi-million pound restoration project, funded partly by the National Lottery.

By the time of the opening day, a new 35 m high tower had been erected as a visitor centre; the structure has a lift and a staircase as well as balconies for views of the castle from above. The interior had been fully restored, including the bishops' "palatial" quarters. According to one news item, "each of the 14 restored rooms, recreated from contemporary accounts and personal recollections" features the career of one former bishop. The Faith Museum of world religion and a huge glass greenhouse were under construction on Castle property.

Other attractions already operating at or near the Castle include the Mining Art Gallery (in a nearby former bank building) showing work mainly by self-taught or night school-educated miners; this attraction opened in 2017 (thanks to support provided to the Castle Trust by Bishop Auckland and Shildon AAP and Durham County Council); an open-air theatre, Kynren, depicting "An Epic Tale of England" with a cast of 1,000; and the Bishop Trevor Gallery at the Castle; the latter started displaying the National Gallery's Masterpiece touring exhibit in October 2019.

In October 2023, the Faith Museum opened to the public. Designed by Niall McLaughlin Architects, it covers 6000 years of British religious history, from the Neolithic period to 2000AD. It is housed in the Scotland Wing of the castle, as well as a new stone-built extension.

In May 2024, the 17th century walled gardens reopened, with a new glasshouse and faith garden. The Great Garden is set to open in 2025.

Bek's chapel
In February 2020, it was announced that the foundations of Bek's chapel had been found at the castle by archeologists. It had long been known that the chapel, which would have been one of the largest in Europe, was located on the castle grounds, but its location was unknown. The chapel was built by the warrior-bishop Antony Bek in roughly 1300 at a cost of £148. There was a special exhibition at Auckland Castle from 4 March 2020 to 6 September 2020 to display items found in the excavations.

Archaeology
In June 2024, archaeologists working on the Auckland Project announced the discovery of a Golden Primrose flower decoration along with at least seven large wall remains and cellars filled with rubble. The wall remains are believed to be part of a rectangular building that belonged to Arthur Haselrig.

Description
The castle grounds are entered from Bishop Auckland marketplace through the clock tower, which was built in 1760 by Bishop Trevor in the Gothick style. The range which flanks it to the right incorporates the remains of the south range of the fifteenth century college mentioned above; the north and east ranges behind also survive in part. Within the gates, the Faith Museum is to the north, within a gabled stone building intended to reflect the form of medieval tithe barns. To the south are the walled gardens and glasshouse, below a terrace. A castellated screen wall built for Bishop Shute Barrington in 1795 separates the terrace from the castle proper.

The main buildings form two sides of a courtyard. To the north is the large four-bay aisled chapel, originally the hall of Bishop Pudsey's palace. This was built in c.1190 with unusually ornate arcades and capitals, and remodelled in c.1300 for Bishop Bek. In 1661-65 it was converted for use as a chapel by Bishop Cosin, the original chapel having been destroyed in the Interregnum. At this time the exterior was heavily remodelled in the mixture of Gothic and Baroque characteristic of Cosin, and the clerestory was replaced. The western range housed the bishop's state rooms above the offices and service functions (now the café). At its heart this structure is that of Bek's extensive reconstruction, but this is now concealed by work of the 16th and 18th centuries. The state rooms as they now appear are largely the work of Wyatt in c.1795 for Bishop Barrington. They are in the Gothick style and include along with the normal suite of rooms an ante-room and throne room, as the Prince-Bishop of Durham had until the 19th century quasi-regal powers. The Long Dining Room houses the Zurbarán paintings, while the other rooms contain exhibits on the history of the castle, and the Bishop Trevor art galley. Behind this range is the Scotland Wing, originally Bishop Tunstall's long gallery, but now part of the Faith Museum.

The Castle is surrounded by a deer park of 800 acres of parkland. It retains many of the medieval elements, including the fish ponds and woodland paths, providing an important record of how the medieval bishops lived, entertained and hunted there.

Culture
The castle was used as the backdrop for Lewis Carroll's story "A Legend of Scotland" in the 19th century. In 2006, Auckland Castle was the setting for two episodes of BBC's Antiques Roadshow. In 2013, a 15th-century bed once owned by Henry VII was put on display at the castle.

title: Auckland Castle


text:
Talk:Clarithromycin

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Ybyakina19, Ehalon19, Laivazyan19, Samalexmorgan19, Jps18. Peer reviewers: Valsartan18, Llaw18, Jps18, Evanescerovalsartan18.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:46, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Reactions
When I took Biaxin, the dizziness/motion sickness culminated in fainting. Is that so unusual that it's not worth mentioning? Just curious here. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.74.30.182 (talk) 12:38, 23 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Dizziness/ sickness is very common. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.191.176.159 (talk) 11:47, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

When I had a allergic reaction to clarythromicin, I not only broke out in hives, I also had my lips scab up. Anyone know of this happening elsewhere so we can provide a source?

I took klacid on thursday evening,i've taken it again today. i'm not sure,but i hav'nt been sleeping and i can hear voices in my head. im also a bit paranoid, people name calling etc. Could this be related to the drug or am i jus losing it? my mouth is also breaking out in blisters and my nose has a big red rash and swelling slightly. Should i go back to my doctor? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.165.163.63 (talk) 23:04, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

I took a course of these and experienced hallucinations, voices, etc. The lips scabbing thing mentioned above was actually mentioned in the precautionary leaflet I got with my tablets (Klaratin). Obviously nobody should be using a wikipedia talk page in place of a medical professional's opinion but the above side effects are rare but very substantiated, for anyone curious. I suggest someone finds an online version of the precautionary leaflet and updates the page more accurately to represent the side effects. A search in google for "clarithromycin hallucinations" provides a lot of evidence for this effect so it might be more notable than it presently seems in the article. However I'm not in a position to clarify this myself, being biased by having experienced it. 81.97.127.199 (talk) 11:11, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Has anyone noticed the contradiction about HIV in the article? At the beginning of the article, it says it's used in HIV patients to prevent infection, then at the end it says it's almost never used in HIV patients because of drug interactions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.216.217.174 (talk) 16:24, 7 January 2008 (UTC)
 * This drug interacts with some other drugs used in HIV treatment and this is why it is not used in that cases. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.191.176.159 (talk) 11:52, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

It says "Clarythromycin is almost never used with AIDs patients".... that means if youre going to die of an infection othwerwise, its probably better to at least try the drug.70.75.46.34 (talk) 03:11, 10 February 2008 (UTC) revelations

Actually, this drug is the first choice for AIDS patients who have acquired MAC (Mycobacterium Avium Complex), which is a common infection in AIDS patients. In fact, in Abbott Labs' own literature, they specifically recommend that Clarithromycin/Biaxin be taken by an MAC-infected AIDS patient for the remainder of his/her life, IF clinically-significant benefit is demonstrated in the patient. This is to keep the MAC from disseminating throughout the body. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.169.248.185 (talk) 08:17, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Censoring
Someone removed the Side Effects section. This is censorship and will not be tolerated. I will monitor this article. pjh3000 (talk) 23:09, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Special uses
The fifth paragraph ends with a sentence fragment. Would someone please fix? Thanks. 24.86.111.248 (talk) 07:01, 6 August 2011 (UTC)

Half-life: conflicting information
The Infobox at the top of the article reads: Half-life 3-4 h. Later, under "Metabolism" the article has …a metabolite, is almost twice as active and has a half-life of seven hours compared to clarithromycin's five hours . (my emphasis). So which is the half-life of clarithromycin – 3-4h or five hours? 86.158.24.13 (talk) 23:57, 27 September 2013 (UTC)
 * Everything about this drug is described here http://medicine.yale.edu/intmed/infdis/macrolides-review.pdf

The half life is described as 3-5 hrs or 4-5hrs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.191.176.159 (talk) 12:13, 4 April 2014 (UTC)

A Pharmacology Article that starts with the Side Effects? really?

Shouldnt it mention the mechanism of Action, Spectrum of resistance and susceptibility, Pharmacokinetics in the first sections?

Structure - side effects first?
A Pharmacology Article that starts with the Side Effects? really?

Shouldnt it mention the mechanism of Action, Spectrum of resistance and susceptibility, Pharmacokinetics in the first sections? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.206.70.162 (talk) 08:13, 30 December 2014 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment: For Valsartan18
Edits were predominantly made to the following sections: -Lead Section -Medical Uses (specifically complete spectrum of bacterial susceptibility) -Contraindications -Pregnancy -Available forms -Brand names -Side Effects Ehalon19 (talk) 21:43, 2 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Adjusted a few things. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 22:53, 2 November 2015 (UTC)

Peer edit for clarithromycin
1. Does this draft submission reflect a neutral point of view? yes 2. Are the points included verifiable with cited published material? Yes, but Drugs.com reference not needed after 1st paragraph of Side Effects.

3. What recommendations can you provide your colleagues for improvement of their draft?
 * Great job editing the article! There are some minor grammar errors and run-on sentences.
 * The cost section could improve by removing “it” and specifying “Clarithromycin is available as a generic medication”
 * “Clarithromycin is available as immediate release tablets, extended release tablets, and granules for oral suspension” → Is this in the US? Or are all forms available globally?
 * They give a pricing range for the cost of the drug in the intro. Is this info necessary?
 * Avoid primary sources such as the one used for the colchicine reaction (reference #11)
 * The “available forms” and “brand names” sections need sources.
 * “Available forms” should be under “Medical Uses” according to the Wikipedia Pharmacology Style Guide — Preceding unsigned comment added by Valsartan18 (talk • contribs) 05:26, 9 November 2015 (UTC)

Why so expensive in the USA?
The article mentions that this medication is relatively inexpensive but costs more in the United States. Why is that? Does anyone know or have sources that explain this? I came to this article because a family member was just put on the medication and yes, even the generic was more than we expected.LiPollis (talk) 17:56, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

ipa?
83.134.147.65 (talk) 01:56, 3 January 2017 (UTC)

More Citations Needed
I added the CN tag to the top of the article in reference to the article itself, not to the lead.― Bio chemistry 🙴 ❤   03:08, 24 February 2018 (UTC)
 * As each section has a tag, one at the top is not needed.
 * There remains 10 citation needed tags on the article two of which are banners which I think is more than sufficient. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 04:19, 24 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I see! I was thinking that a top one would alert editors to the tags below, but it's logical that more precise tagging doesn't warrant a blanket tag at the top. Thanks for pointing this out. (: ― Bio chemistry 🙴 ❤   17:43, 24 February 2018 (UTC)

Mistake in rendering of chemical structure
I removed the image because it contains an error in depicting the chemical structure of Clarithromycin. As shown by both the scientific literature (figure 2) and pharmaceutical manufacturer HEC Pharm, H₃C (within tetradecagon, below OH) should be CH₃. There are also other discrepancies, as shown by a side-by-side comparison with figure 2. Interested editors are encouraged to join the discussion at, since that is where control of this image resides. NedFausa (talk) 23:16, 5 February 2020 (UTC)

Update. I have restored the image per comments at. I apologize for any confusion. NedFausa (talk) 14:23, 6 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clarithromycin


text:
'64–'95

'64–'95 is the third studio album by English electronic music duo Lemon Jelly. The concept album contains tracks that take samples from songs recorded between the years 1964 and 1995. The number that precedes the song title denotes from which year the sample is taken.

The album is rather different from their previous two releases in that it has a darker sound and is influenced by more modern sounding music. To avoid confusion over the matter, the band included a sticker on the sleeve stating, "This is our new album, it's not like our old album."

A hidden track, "Yes!", appears before track 1 on the special edition CD version of the album. This is a short additional spoken word sample featuring the same voice which appears on the first track, "It Was...". A DVD version of the album was also released, with animated videos for each track.

Track listing
Information is based on the album's liner notes
 * 1) "Yes! / It Was..." – 1:47 (This name does not appear on CD cover / insert)
 * 2) "Come Down on Me" – 5:50
 * 3) "Only Time" – 6:36
 * 4) "Don't Stop Now" – 6:56
 * 5) "Make Things Right" – 6:00
 * 6) "The Shouty Track" – 3:41
 * 7) "Stay with You" – 6:10
 * 8) "The Slow Train" – 5:40
 * 9) "A Man Like Me" – 5:16
 * 10) "Go" – 6:30

Notes
 * Lemon Jelly is Nick Franglen and Fred Deakin
 * Music arrangement and sampling, additional material composition and additional instruments and vocals performed by Lemon Jelly
 * "Slow Train" sample written by Flanders & Swann
 * "I'm a Train" sample written by Albert Hammond

title: '64–'95


text:
Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)

Jeffrey Renwick Weeks (born December 10, 1956) is an American mathematician, a geometric topologist and cosmologist. Weeks is a 1999 MacArthur Fellow.

Biography
Weeks received his BA from Dartmouth College in 1978, and his PhD in mathematics from Princeton University in 1985, under the supervision of William Thurston. Since then he has taught at Stockton State College, Ithaca College, and Middlebury College, but has spent much of his time as a free-lance mathematician.

Research
Weeks' research contributions have mainly been in the field of 3-manifolds and physical cosmology.

The Weeks manifold, discovered in 1985 by Weeks, is the hyperbolic 3-manifold with the minimum possible volume. Weeks has written various computer programs to assist in mathematical research and mathematical visualization. His SnapPea program is used to study hyperbolic 3-manifolds, while he has also developed interactive software to introduce these ideas to middle-school, high-school, and college students.

Weeks is particularly interested in using topology to understand the spatial universe. His book The Shape of Space: How to Visualize Surfaces and Three-dimensional Manifolds (Marcel Dekker, 1985, ISBN 0-8247-7437-X) explores the geometry and topology of low-dimensional manifolds. The second edition (2002, ISBN 0-8247-0709-5) explains some of his work in applying the material to cosmology.

Awards and honors
Weeks became a MacArthur Fellow in 1999. In 2007, he won the Levi L. Conant Prize for his expository paper, "The Poincaré Dodecahedral Space and the Mystery of the Missing Fluctuations" (Notices of the AMS 2004), and in 2008 he gave the first Levi Conant Lecture at Conant's former employer, the Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

title: Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)


text:
Shane Sutcliffe

Shane Sutcliffe (born June 17, 1975) is a Canadian former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2004. He is referred to as "Kid Thunder" by his fans.

Career
Sutcliffe was born in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and raised in Regina, Saskatchewan, before moving to Nanaimo, British Columbia at age 12. He had no formal amateur boxing career; after winning 22 "Toughman Contests" in Canada, he made his professional boxing debut in 1992 at the age of 17. His first fight resulted in a sixth-round decision victory over Joe Wade. Shortly afterward he moved to Los Angeles, California and eventually Las Vegas, Nevada, to train with the legendary Eddie Futch. He won other fights by unexpected margins, including a 3-round defeat of Ray Phillips

In 1997, Sutcliffe moved to and fought out of Montreal, Quebec, after signing a contract with International Boxing Management Interbox. On April 3, 1998, he defeated Ben Perlini via sixth round knockout to win the Canadian Heavyweight championship. In his third defense of the title on February 5, 1999, Sutcliffe lost via 12th-round TKO to former World titleholder Trevor Berbick in Montreal. His contract was then dropped by Interbox as a result. He challenged Berbick again for the title on May 26, 2000, in Vancouver. However, he dropped a close 12 round unanimous decision in that contest.

Sutcliffe took over 2 years off from boxing to start a family after losing to fellow Canadian Patrice L'Heureux on November 30, 2001. After the birth of his son, Sutcliffe worked construction to provide a steadier source of income for his new family. However, he returned to the sport in 2004, dropping decisions to Wesley Martin and Louis Monaco.

Sutcliffe is what is termed a journeyman fighter, one who "journeys" to a variety of places (often on short notice) to provide relatively easy competition for up-and-coming prospects or fading former champions. He counted Tyrell Biggs, Leon Spinks, Trevor Berbick, Oleg Maskaev, Brian Nielsen, and David Tua among the opponents he faced. As of the beginning of 2006, his ring record stands at 25 wins (15 knockouts), 14 losses, and one draw in 40 professional contests.

Professional boxing record

 * align="center" colspan=8|25 Wins (15 knockouts, 10 decisions), 14 Losses (5 knockouts, 9 decisions), 1 Draw
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opp Record
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Round
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
 * align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
 * -align=center
 * Loss
 * 12-27-4
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Louis Monaco
 * UD
 * 10
 * 24/04/2004
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Billings, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|Canadian American Mexican Heavyweight Title.
 * Loss
 * 14-43-8
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Wesley Martin
 * SD
 * 4
 * 07/02/2004
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Rochester, Washington, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Loss
 * 4-0
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Patrice L'Heureux
 * UD
 * 6
 * 30/11/2001
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 29-11-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Donnell Wingfield
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 12/10/2001
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Niagara Falls, New York, U.S.
 * align=left|Referee stopped the fight at 2:15 of the second round.
 * Win
 * 3-11
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Marcelo Aravena
 * TKO
 * 4
 * 24/05/2001
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 5-0
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Cody Gray
 * MD
 * 6
 * 28/04/2001
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Tacoma, Washington, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Loss
 * 48-11-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Trevor Berbick
 * UD
 * 12
 * 26/05/2000
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|Canada Heavyweight Title.
 * Loss
 * 14-39
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Tim Knight
 * UD
 * 6
 * 19/01/2000
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Loss
 * 34-1
 * align=left|🇳🇿 David Tua
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 23/10/1999
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
 * align=left|Referee stopped the fight at 1:20 of the second round.
 * Loss
 * 49-1
 * align=left| Brian Nielsen
 * KO
 * 5
 * 03/09/1999
 * align=left| Copenhagen, Denmark
 * align=left|Nielsen was knocked out at 2:40 of the fifth round.
 * Loss
 * 16-2
 * align=left|🇺🇿 Oleg Maskaev
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 20/05/1999
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Tunica, Mississippi, U.S.
 * align=left|PABA Heavyweight Title. Referee stopped the fight at 2:56 of the second round.
 * Loss
 * 46-10-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Trevor Berbick
 * TKO
 * 12
 * 05/02/1999
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Canada Heavyweight Title. Referee stopped the fight at 0:44 of the 12th round.
 * Win
 * 20-3-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Gerard Jones
 * UD
 * 8
 * 06/11/1998
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 5-2-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Patrick Graham
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 24/09/1998
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Canada Heavyweight Title. Referee stopped the fight at 0:40 of the second round.
 * Win
 * 3-2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Ben Perlini
 * KO
 * 6
 * 03/04/1998
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Canada Heavyweight Title. Perlini knocked out at 1:59 of the sixth round.
 * Win
 * 3-8-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Don Laliberte
 * KO
 * 2
 * 11/11/1997
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * align=left|Laliberte knocked out at 2:53 of the second round.
 * Win
 * 2-2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Ritchie Goosehead
 * DQ
 * 3
 * 12/12/1996
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Mike Curry
 * KO
 * 1
 * 19/10/1996
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Loss
 * 26-13-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Dale Grant
 * UD
 * 10
 * 03/07/1996
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Anacortes, Washington, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 2-4
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Anthony Moore
 * UD
 * 8
 * 11/04/1996
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Loss
 * 20-10-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Jason Waller
 * UD
 * 10
 * 01/03/1996
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Draw
 * 6-14-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Krishna Wainwright
 * PTS
 * 10
 * 02/02/1996
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Kent, Washington, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 14-6
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Marcellus Brown
 * TKO
 * 8
 * 27/08/1995
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Anacortes, Washington, U.S.
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 1:58 of the eighth round.
 * Win
 * 3-3-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Wesley Martin
 * PTS
 * 8
 * 09/08/1995
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Woodland Hills, California, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 6-18
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Steve Cortez
 * KO
 * 2
 * 23/06/1995
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Cloverdale, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 21-21-2
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Conroy Nelson
 * KO
 * 1
 * 23/05/1995
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|Nelson knocked out at 1:27 of the first round.
 * Loss
 * 5-6-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 John Kiser
 * MD
 * 8
 * 27/10/1994
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 25-14-3
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Leon Spinks
 * UD
 * 8
 * 01/10/1994
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 1-0-1
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Darryl Gray
 * TKO
 * 3
 * 22/04/1994
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 15-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Paul Phillips
 * DQ
 * 3
 * 03/12/1993
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi, U.S.
 * align=left|Phillips was disqualified for spitting out his mouthpiece repeatedly.
 * Loss
 * 25-6
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Tyrell Biggs
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 03/12/1993
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 9-8-2
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Matthew Brooks
 * PTS
 * 6
 * 06/11/1993
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 1-3
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Antonio Ocasio
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 21/08/1993
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Kalispell, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|Referee stopped the bout at 2:33 of the second round.
 * Win
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mark Frieon
 * TKO
 * 1
 * 13/08/1993
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Cloverdale, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 0-3
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Fred Peppers
 * KO
 * 2
 * 30/07/1993
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Cloverdale, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 0-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Lavell Sims
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 21/11/1992
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the fight at 1:17 of the second round.
 * Loss
 * 0-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 John Kiser
 * SD
 * 4
 * 28/10/1992
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Missoula, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 3-8-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mike Smith
 * KO
 * 2
 * 18/09/1992
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Bozeman, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 1-0
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Paul Pressley
 * PTS
 * 4
 * 06/08/1992
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Miles City, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 6-9
 * align=left|🇨🇦Joe Wade
 * UD
 * 6
 * 08/07/1992
 * align=left|🇨🇦 New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * }
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Lavell Sims
 * TKO
 * 2
 * 21/11/1992
 * align=left|🇨🇦 Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|Referee stopped the fight at 1:17 of the second round.
 * Loss
 * 0-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 John Kiser
 * SD
 * 4
 * 28/10/1992
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Missoula, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 3-8-1
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Mike Smith
 * KO
 * 2
 * 18/09/1992
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Bozeman, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 1-0
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Paul Pressley
 * PTS
 * 4
 * 06/08/1992
 * align=left|🇺🇸 Miles City, Montana, U.S.
 * align=left|
 * Win
 * 6-9
 * align=left|🇨🇦Joe Wade
 * UD
 * 6
 * 08/07/1992
 * align=left|🇨🇦 New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * }
 * 08/07/1992
 * align=left|🇨🇦 New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
 * align=left|
 * }

title: Shane Sutcliffe


text:
SNCASE

SNCASE (abbreviated from Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Est) or Sud-Est was a French aircraft manufacturer. The company was formed on February 1, 1937, by the nationalization and merger of Lioré et Olivier, Potez, CAMS, Romano and SPCA.

History
Following the resolution of the 1936 general strike of French heavy industry, the government of Léon Blum introduced an act to nationalize the French war industry. The act provided for the creation of seven nationalized aeronautical manufacturing companies: six for aircraft (SNCASE, SNCASO, SNCAN, SNCAO, SNCAM, SNCAC), and one for aircraft engines (SNCM - Lorraine-Dietrich).

SNCASE incorporated the facilities of Potez in Berre-l'Étang, CAMS in Vitrolles, Romano in Cannes, SPCA in Marseille and Lioré et Olivier at Argenteuil and Marignane. SNCASE became the largest of the aeronautical Sociétés nationales, with 225 000 m2 of space in six factories and 2 550 employees. (1 700 of the workforce came from Lioré et Olivier, along with 90% of then-current manufacturing contracts. )

In 1941, during the Second World War, the Paris design bureaus of both the nationalized and the private aircraft firms were relocated to avoid capture. SNCASE acquired the failing SNCAM and moved its engineering operations to SNCAM's headquarters at the former Dewoitine factory in Toulouse.

During the rationalisation of the nationalised Aircraft Industry during the 1950s, SNCASE merged with SNCASO to form Sud Aviation on March 1, 1957, which in turn was later amalgamated into Aérospatiale and eventually the Airbus group.

Products
Most early Sud-Est aircraft retained their earlier designations, such as the Lioré et Olivier LeO 451 bomber. The first aircraft produced under the Sud-Est marque was the Sud-Est SE 100 (formerly Leo 50) fighter.

As well as fixed winged aircraft work, SNCASE carried out research into rotary-winged aircraft capitalising on the experience gained from absorbing the Liore et Olivier team which had license-built the Cierva C.30 design (as the LeO C.30 and C.301 to C.305 variants), and designing and building the LeO C.34 (derived from Kellett designs). After World War II further work on autogyro's produced the SE.700 and SE.700A multi-seat Liaison autogyros, which were quickly over-shadowed by the rapid development of helicopters.

SNCASE continued experimenting with helicopters with the help from a team from Focke Achgelis building the SE.3000, which was a French version of the twin-rotor Focke Achgelis Fa 223 Drache, and the smaller, more conventional, SE.3101. With this experience SNCASE went on to design the SE.3110 and eventually the SE.3120 Alouette which first flew on 21 July 1951 and broke the helicopter distance and speed records in July 1953. Production versions of the Alouette emerged as the commercially successful Alouette II and Alouette III, resulting in production runs of several hundreds, with many exported.

Fixed wing aircraft were also developed post World War II, with several jet research aircraft and two significant airliners: The SE-2010 Armagnac and the SE-210 Caravelle airliners. Production licences were also obtained from de Havilland for the de Havilland Sea Venom to provide all-weather and day fighters for the Aéronautique Navale., with 121 two-seat and single-seat Aquilon 20 / 201 / 202 / 203 / 204 built from 1952.

SNCASE aircraft production
Early three digit sequence
 * SNCASE SE.100 (developed from Liore et Olivier LeO 50) (1939)
 * SNCASE SE.161 Languedoc (developed from Bloch 160) (1939)
 * SNCASE SE.200 Amphitrite (1942)
 * SNCASE SE-400 (1939)
 * SNCASE SE-700 & 700A (1945)

Four digit model sequence
 * SNCASE SE-1010 (1948)
 * SNCASE SE-1210 (1948)
 * SNCASE SE-2010 Armagnac (1949)
 * SNCASE SE-2100 (1945)
 * SNCASE SE-2300 & 2310 (1945)
 * SNCASE SE-2410 & 2415 Grognard (1950)
 * SNCASE SE-5000 & 5003 Baroudeur (1953)

Helicopters (3000-series designation sequence)
 * SNCASE SE-3000 (development of Focke-Achgelis Fa 223) (1948)
 * SNCASE SE-3101 (1948)
 * SNCASE SE-3110 (1950)
 * SNCASE SE.3120 Alouette (1951)
 * SNCASE SE-3130 Alouette II & SE-3131 Gouverneur (1955)
 * SNCASE SE-3150 Lama (1969)
 * SNCASE SE-3160 Alouette III (1959)
 * SNCASE SE-3200 Frelon (1959)

Late three digit designation sequence
 * SNCASE SE-116 & 117 Voltigeur (1958)
 * SNCASE SE-210 Caravelle (1955)
 * SNCASE SE.212 Durandal (1956)

Designs built under licence

 * SNCASE SE-532-535 Mistral ; license-built de Havilland Vampire (1951)
 * SNCASE Aquilon; license-built de Havilland Sea Venom (1952)

title: SNCASE


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tawals

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep. 6 delete / 5 keep (no consensus) -- AllyUnion (talk) 12:17, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Tawals
This was improperly and not completely posted to VfD. I'm finishing the process. No vote. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-13 15:00 Z
 * Delete - there's no such thing as Polish mythology and there is no info anywhere in my books nor on the web on such a deity in Western Slavic Mythology either. It seems like some recent new-age invention, though I can't tell where did the author take the name for this article from. [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 13:09, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - more nonsense Brookie 17:53, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep — the claim that there's no such thing as Polish mythology is bizarre, and I immediately found references on the web (e.g., 1 and 2. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:54, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep per above evidence Kappa 22:18, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dictionary definition. Megan1967 00:43, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, may be Slavic, it's not Polish. Wyss 01:46, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * So the references on the Web are irrelevant? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 10:09, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * This is not "Polish mythology" for starters. Wyss 19:06, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * But it's no good just stating that as if no reason or explanation is needed. Aside from the links that I posted (which everyone but Kappa seems to ignore), try this.  Is there something I'm missing here, some reason that Halibutt and you reject the notion of Polish mythology? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:17, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep - valid, if quite minor, topic, supported by web and print references. The phrase "Polish mythology" may be inaccurate and inelegant, but nominating all articles that use the phrase for deletion without so much as Googling them is a very bad idea.  -Sean Curtin 02:19, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep as Mel Etitis said. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:57, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)
 * The hell? I found a bunch of references to Tawals as a minor agricultural deity in pre-Christian Poland - all of which pre-date this entry by at least a year - right quick. Keep. DS 22:23, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, utter nonsense, no such thing as "Polish" mythology. JamesBurns 07:43, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Can someone explain this peculiar insistence on the part of some Users that Poland is unique in having no muthology? Is there some religious or other belief behind it? I've come across irrationality in other discussions, but this repeated blank repetition of a nonsensical claim is new to me (outside articles attracting fundemntalist religion and racist politics). What;s going on? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:15, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tawals


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Szeptem

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 19:25, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

Szeptem
This was improperly and not completely posted to VfD. I'm finishing the process. No vote. —Mar·ka·ci: 2005-02-13 15:01 Z
 * Delete - there is no such thing as Polish mythology and the article is on the tone of voice, not on some strange, mythology-related phenomenon. Not only magic words can be said szeptem (whispering), just like with any other tone of voice. Alternatively, we could simply create articles on all other generic Polish words for scream, shout, roar and so on -- but WP is not a dictionary. [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 13:14, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - nothing of note Brookie 17:51, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, dictionary definition. Megan1967 00:41, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete, I think someone's laying the ground to sell something with all these nonsense "Polish mythology" articles. Wyss 01:42, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Granted; this one is szeptemishly feeble. Delete. DS 22:37, 17 Feb 2005 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Szeptem


text:
Roz Doyle

Rosalinda "Roz" Doyle (born May 5, 1963 or 1964 ) is a fictional character on the American television sitcom Frasier. Roz is the producer of Frasier Crane's Dr. Frasier Crane Show on KACL 780 AM.

The role initially went to Lisa Kudrow, but Kudrow was replaced by Peri Gilpin before filming began. The character is named as a tribute to a producer of the television series Wings (having the same creators as Frasier), who died from breast cancer in 1991. Gilpin reprised her role as Roz in the 2023 revival of Frasier. In May 2024 it was announced that Gilpin would be returning in a reoccurring role.

Background
Roz is originally from Bloomer, Wisconsin. Her mother Joanna (Eva Marie Saint) was a longtime politician there and serves as Attorney General. She has a sister, Denise, whom she resents for her supposedly perfect life. Roz's parents are divorced. Her relationship with her father was good until he started dating a woman younger than her. She and Roz didn't get along and he cut contact with Roz. Her maternal grandmother was an immigrant from Ireland. Frustrated with small-town Wisconsin, Roz moved to Seattle as an adult to pursue a career in radio and worked in the industry for about 10 years before joining Frasier.

Relationships with other characters
Early in the series, Roz and Frasier have a strained relationship. As the show goes on, they become very close, often consoling each other through hard times, although the teasing, sardonic element continues.

Roz becomes friends with Frasier's father Martin. While Frasier and Niles are interested in high culture, Roz and Martin share a more down-to-earth view of life. In Season 1, Episode 18 ("And the Whimper Is...") Martin greets her by asking, "Hey, Roz, how's my girlfriend?" when she drops by his apartment, She is also seen at Martin's poker nights in Season 5.

Roz is also close to Martin's physical therapist Daphne Moon, as they are the only two women who are constant in the Crane men's lives. Daphne invites Roz to be a bridesmaid at her wedding to attorney Donny Douglas and later to be the maid of honor at her wedding to Niles; however, Daphne elopes with Niles in Reno, Nevada, and Roz is not present for their real wedding.

Roz has an antagonistic relationship with Frasier's brother Niles early in the series, but they become quite friendly as the series progresses. In Season 11, Episode 8 ("Murder Most Maris"), Roz defends Niles when he has a nervous breakdown.

Character arc
Roz is portrayed as a professional woman with an active sex life, which is the subject of male jokes and snide remarks, especially from Frasier's brother Niles. Roz worries about her appearance as she ages, and is concerned that she will never fall in love and get married. She has a brief fling with a co-worker, Bob "Bulldog" Briscoe (much to her later chagrin).

Early in the fifth season, Roz discovers that she is pregnant with the child of a 20-year-old college student with whom she had a brief fling. By the end of the season, Roz gives birth to a girl, whom she names Alice.

Late in the ninth season, Roz finally manages to maintain a seemingly stable relationship with Roger, a city trash collector, but they break up when they see that their relationship chemistry isn't right. Frasier consoles her, and this eventually leads them to sleep together. Roz subsequently flees home to Wisconsin, while Frasier chases after her in an attempt to remedy the situation. Frasier ends up posing as Roger, whom the Doyle family had been very excited to meet, although previously being a bit skeptical that Roger was not merely a falsehood constructed by Roz (due to Roz's romantic history). It is here that Roz and Frasier reconcile, and agree to remain friends.

In the show's final episode, Roz becomes station manager of KACL after the previous manager, Kenny Daly, decides to become a DJ again.

Gilpin reprised her role in the 2023 revival of Frasier. It is implied that she still lives in Seattle, but remained close to the Cranes, including Frasier in Chicago. She visits him in Boston to support him through his first Christmas after Martin's death.

title: Roz Doyle


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Alan Tam

Alan Tam Wing-lun (born 23 August 1950) is a Hong Kong singer and actor. He played a major role in developing the Cantopop scene in the 1980s as he was known for singing romantic ballads with modern arrangements. From 1983 to 1987, Alan Tam received numerous music awards and won Most Popular Male Artist and IFPI Award for successive four years, which made him the most famous superstar singer of Hong Kong in 1980s. In early 1988, he publicly quit all pop music award ceremonies and put most efforts in searching new direction for Cantopop music.

Today, he is still active in the music and film industry, releasing new albums on a regular basis. Since the late 1980s, he has served as a mentor for the cantopop music industry, earning the nickname the "Principal" or "Principal Tam". Today he is regularly seen across the media in Hong Kong, mainland China, Taiwan, and various parts of East Asia participating in all types of entertainment-related events and charity activities. As of 2013, Alan Tam has launched a total of 115 solo albums and has sold over 35 million records worldwide; he also holds the record for having held the most concerts in Hong Kong as a solo artist.

Early life
Tam was born on 23 August 1950 at Healthy Village in North Point. He is son of football player Tam Kong-pak (譚江柏), who represented the Republic of China national team during the 1936 Summer Olympics. He attended Shau Kei Wan Government Secondary School and Chi Lin Buddhist Secondary School. Then, he majored in Economics while attending Ngee Ann Technical College in Singapore.

Personal life
Tam married Sally Yeung Kit-mei in 1981. They have no children. Tam met his partner Wendy Chu in 1991; a son was born to them in 1995.

Early years
Tam developed a passion for music in his secondary school years in Hong Kong. He formed a band called "The Wynners" (溫拿樂隊) with his friends. They subsequently entered an amateur singing contest and took the first prize to begin a career in the entertainment industry, appearing in a number of TVB variety shows. The group disbanded, and he later reformed into the band The Wynners with Kenny Bee in 1973. The Wynners performed mostly in English. Tam was one of the two lead singers in the band until it split in 1978.

His first album as a solo artist was 'Naughty Boy' (反斗星) in 1979. An early success was the song 'Love in Autumn' (愛在深秋), first performed in 1984.

As a solo singer
Tam's first album as a solo artist was "Naughty Boy" (反斗星) in 1979. He later releases such as "Love in Autumn" (愛在深秋) in 1984 or "Embrace" (擁抱), "Flower in Water" (水中花) or "Half Dazed, Half Awoken" (半夢半醒) achieved commercial success. In the 1981 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards, he also won his first major individual song award. His 1984 albums of (愛的根源), (霧之戀) and 1985 (愛情陷阱) formed a successful trilogy of albums. In 1988, he made an announcement that he would not accept any more awards with competition involved. He continued to release albums for the next 30+ years. From 1981 to 1988, he won a top 10 song award every year. This was in addition to his winning a top 10 song award every year from 1983 to 1987 for the Jade solid gold awards. In 1993, he released the English album "My Love", in collaboration with Korean singer Kim Wan-Sun.

The Hong Kong press frequently reported a fierce rivalry between Tam and fellow singer Leslie Cheung. Although both artists were at peace with each other, it was the fans who created the spectacle of a musical feud. In the late 90s, the singers brushed aside any doubts about their friendship, and even appeared together in galas and other special programmes. In 1999, Leslie Cheung, together with other 17 singers, participated in the Album "Paying Tribute to Alan Tam" (誰可改變15週年紀念集) and collaborated to produce the single remix of Tam's popular songs "Illusion" (幻影) and "Foggy Love" (霧之戀).

In 2003, he teamed up with fellow artist Hacken Lee for a major world tour entitled Alan & Hacken (, also translated as ""Left Alan Right Hacken"). The name is a play on a Chinese idiom which means "neighbours" (左鄰右里). Up to 2013, they have performed around the world in countries like China, United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Singapore, Taiwan, Macau, Malaysia, and Japan with over 100 concerts. Since 2006, he has been helping his godson Kelvin Kwan establish a career in the Hong Kong pop industry.

One of his signature fast songs "Love Trap" (愛情陷阱) earned him the 25th Anniversary Jade Solid Gold song honour award in 2006. By 1995, he had already sold more than 20 million albums. By 2005, he had launched more than 104 albums, and 800 songs. He has taken part in 264 concerts, of which 189 were individual concerts.

In 2007, he was the recipient of the 30th Hall of Fame Award from the Composers and Authors Society of Hong Kong (CASH) for his 30+ years of contributions to the Hong Kong and Chinese music industry (以表揚他三十多年來對香港音樂創作及華人樂壇的貢獻).

Actor
In the 1970s, Tam hosted the variety show The Wynners Show and took part in the television drama Over the Rainbow. He decided to pursue opportunities in Taiwan in 1980, and starred in renowned director Pai Ching-jui's A Girl Without Sorrow. He subsequently starred in more than ten films in Taiwan including The Funny Couple and Part Time Job. He later starred in a number of films like Armour of God with Jackie Chan and Master Wong v. Master Wong which is a parody of legendary Canton kung fu fighter Wong Fei Hung. In 1981, Tam won the Best Actor award at the Golden Horse Awards for his role in If I Were for Real. He has virtually retired from acting since Age of Miracles (1996) and Aces Going Places (1997). However, he makes a comeback for Here Comes Fortune in 2010.

President of Artistes Guild
On 11 January 2008, Tam was elected as president of the Hong Kong Performing Artistes Guild. Just a month after he was elected, the Edison Chen photo scandal caused a media storm. The Guild condemned the increasing circulation and uploading of obscene photos on the Internet. Tam was interviewed daily by different media on the handling of the case. He stated, "The circulation of such obscene photos has created a bad atmosphere in society."

After the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Tam helped set up a relief committee to look after the livelihood and schooling of orphaned children. He was on a HK committee along with Eric Tsang, Jackie Chan, and Eason Chan.

Entrepreneur
In 1997, an announcement was made in Admiralty, Hong Kong to launch a Star East Entertainment restaurant concept boasting 40 celebrity investors. It was one of the most publicised investments made by Tam in collaboration with his best friends Natalis Chan and Eric Tsang. In 2000, a merger was made between Star East and Planet Hollywood.

Politics
During the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, and after "worldwide coverage for Hong Kong’s police force utilizing heavy-handed tactics against student demonstrators", Tam sided with the police and attended a pro-police rally, saying "No one in the world has ever seen law enforcement officers attacked like that". A backlash from fans followed quickly, with some fans smashing his records in public.

YouTuber
On 11 April, 2024, Tam put a verification video on his official YouTube account after posting old video of his live performances in the past 13 years.

title: Alan Tam


text:
Smoke Squadron

The Aerial Demonstration Squadron (Esquadrão de Demonstração Aérea, EDA), popularly known as Smoke Squadron (Portuguese: Esquadrilha da Fumaça) is the Brazilian Air Force's air demonstration squadron. It is headquartered at the Brazilian Air Force Academy in Pirassununga, São Paulo.

History
Its first display was on 14 May 1952 over Copacabana beach, using the North American T-6 Texan. The team used the T-6 from its formation until 1968, when it switched to the French Aérospatiale (Fouga) CM.170-2 Super Magister jet, called T-24 in FAB service. However, this model proved unsuitable to Brazilian conditions and, in 1972, the squadron reverted to the T-6, which was used until 1977.

The EDA was disbanded in 1977, but reformed on 8 December 1983 using Neiva T-25 Universal piston-powered aircraft, soon to be replaced by the then-new Embraer EMB-312 Tucano turboprop trainer. At the time the EDA's aircraft were painted a bright red scheme, which has since been superseded by the current gloss blue.

Objectives
The stated objective of the Smoke Squadron are:
 * To bring together civilian and military aeronautical communities
 * To contribute towards a better integration between the Air Force and the other Armed Forces
 * To represent the Brazilian Air Force in Brazil and abroad
 * To encourage youngsters to take up civilian and military aeronautical careers
 * To show the quality of the Brazilian aerospace industry
 * To show the capabilities of the Brazilian Air Force crews.

Aircraft
The aircraft used by the EDA have been, in chronological order:
 * North American T-6 Texan for 1225 displays;
 * Aérospatiale (Fouga) CM.170-2 Super Magister for 46 displays;
 * Neiva T-25 Universal for 55 displays;
 * Embraer EMB-312 Tucano with more than 2000 displays as of 2010;
 * Embraer EMB-314 Super Tucano, being the two first ones delivered on September 30, 2012. In the subsequent two years, Super Tucanos have replaced the Tucano in the Smoke Squadron

title: Smoke Squadron


text:
Wikipedia:Naming conventions (country names)

This naming convention is still being discussed and is therefore not yet fixed.

Naming conventions (country names)
Convention: In general, there are no special naming conventions for countries. This page merely clarifies the application of existing conventions to countries.

The most common English term is preferred
 * where it is an accepted short form of an official name (such as Poland for Republic of Poland)
 * where it is an English translation or transliteration of a foreign-language original (such as Czech Republic for Česká republika)
 * where it is a colloquial form (such as East Germany for German Democratic Republic and East Timor for Democratic Republic of East Timor)

In some cases (such as historical states whose name would otherwise conflict with an existing one) the most common English term may be avoided, in which case usage should be noted within the article.

Note that it does not affect Wikipedia interpretation of English common usage that
 * it is common for official sources (such as the United States Department of State) and some news sources to use the official name of the country where this differs from common usage
 * many editors of the English Wikipedia do not have English as their first language, and may feel that certain countries' articles should be listed at the official/native-language term

Disputed cases (see their Talk pages)

 * East Germany is preferred to German Democratic Republic
 * Côte d'Ivoire is preferred both to the usual English spelling Cote d'Ivoire and the more common English translation Ivory Coast

The details of what to do in various cases are still being worked out at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (country names). See also List of sovereign states for a list of current states' names in English and original.