text:
Talk:Q-Tip (musician)

Untitled
DEAR WHOEVER CHANGED LINE 91 FROM "LIGHTWORKS FT. TALIB KWELI" TO "THE CONVERSATION", DON'T DO IT AGAIN, YOU'RE WRONG! Here is a link to a track list and an image of the actual back of the CD cover to back this up: http://illroots.com/2007/11/27/mick-boogie-dillagence/#more-547

Should divide this article up with a disambiguation page...

Is this really a stub? There are a lot of skimpier, worse-written hip-hop pages out there without the stub tag (not that that is conclusive evidence or anything...)

Ncsaint 21:36, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

"His first solo releases, the pop-friendly "Vivrant Thing" and "Breathe and Stop", were far-left of anything he'd done in A Tribe Called Quest"

what does "far-left" mean in this context? how can something be pop-friendly and far left? --Urlscruggs 15:08, 28 March 2006 (UTC) ^^^ far left in rap terms refers to "left field" more focused on production than rhymes: see here - hurrr

Some mention should be made of the Native Tongues posse, or at least to the Tribe's connection to other groups it was closely associated with, like the Jungle Brothers, De La Soul, and more loosely, Leaders of the New School (from which came Busta Rhymes), Brand Nubian, and others. Misterdoe 18:47, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

- I agree, New School should be mentioned in the article, specifically "Scenario".

-- I realize that this page is about Q-Tip and I'm not aware of whatever issues that may exist between he and his ex-partner, but what on earth is the motivation for writing his bio here and not even mentioning Phife Dawg's AKA Malik Taylor's name - a SIGNIFICANT player in his career - in the entire entry? This site is meant to educate those that might not otherwise know. I suppose that one could go to the trouble of looking up Tribe Called Quest but whoever wrote this is just plain simple and silly to have not even mentioned him by name here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.111.59.141 (talk) 19:29, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Date of birth
Notice that there are two birth dates in the article. Which is correct? 81.219.131.208 21:33, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

Beastie Boys Connection
Tip and the Beasties go way back to Tribe's signing at Jive in '88. Beastie Mike D was actually at the first meeting Jive had with Tip prior to signing (thanks to Mike being roomies with Jive A&R guy Captain "Sean Carasov" Pissy at the time). Anyway...Tip's been on a couple of the Los Angeles (post Paul's Boutique) era Beastie's releases but I don't have the stomach to wade through that crap so if anyone does...I'll buy the bromo.

--Piepie 06:41, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

hi —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.248.66.170 (talk) 22:31, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

No sign of this on the discography anywhere...
"Abstract Innovations" -> http://www.juno.co.uk/products/303231-01.htm ? Jimthing (talk) 07:02, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

No sign of this on the discography anywhere (pt. 2)...
Also, what was the unreleased "Open" project about? Heard and read about it along with his other unreleased "Kamaal" album, but what actually IS IT? (a tracklisting & label/cat# would be nice -- perhaps on another page?) ...anyone ? Jimthing (talk) 07:39, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

production list?
This article could use a list of the songs he's produced like other producers have —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.105.7.183 (talk) 01:07, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

the tracks listed as collaborative production efforts with jay dee and ali shaheed muhammad were actually produced by q-tip (aka the abstract) only. the ummah didn't materialize until the "beats rhymes and life" era.

Name
I noticed his birth name is listed as Kamaal Ibn John Fareed in the sidebar, however in the article it states he changed his name to this after converting to Islam. If someone knows what his full birthname is, it should be changed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.142.88.61 (talk) 17:37, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

As a DJ
Q-Tip DJ's every Friday night at a club in NYC. His management doesn't want the name to be officially used as it doesn't contribute to their bottom line. But the fact is, Kamaal Fareed, not the alias Q-Tip, is the subject of this article and thus corporate entities should not be allowed to censor this area of the artist's career. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alanatsantos (talk • contribs) 16:16, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Origin of "Q-Tip" alias
In this interview Q-Tip states "Q-Tip" was a nick name given to him because people said his voice sounded like a baby and at the time there was a popular commercial for q-tips with a baby. Not because of during his childhood because he was skinny and had big hair. --74.69.177.128 (talk) 16:21, 28 February 2010 (UTC)

Associated Acts
Nas should be added. Q-tip was featured some of Nas' most successful songs, mostly on Illmatic. Wight.sean (talk) 09:55, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

john bush of allmusic? editors of about.com?
"John Bush of Allmusic called him "the best rapper/producer in hip-hop history,"[1] while editors of About.com placed him on their list of the Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers,[2] as well as placing him on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987–2007), making him the only rapper/producer on the list.[3]"

This sentence truly does not belong here. Why do we care who john bush of allmusic is, or what he said? and the same goes for the editors of about.com. these are not revered sources in the music industry, and Q-Tip has received critical praise from many more important people. Neither the name of John Bush, nor of two websites (about.com allmusic) belong on a biographical page. This is not the proper way to write an encyclopedia article. In the larger scale of both q-tip's life, the about.com top 50 MCs list is meaningless, and so are john bush's thoughts, no offense to john bush personally. If these accolades are so necessary to the vitality of this page, then they should be cited in the same manner as everything else on wikipedia, rather than advertising these two groups in the first few lines of a popular biography. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.102.124.143 (talk) 19:31, 14 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Uh . . . they are "cited in the same manner as everything else on wikipedia". Cresix (talk) 00:32, 15 May 2012 (UTC)
 * As in, the fact should be followed by a citation note. The background information of who said what in which source doesn't need to clutter up a page; and if someone wants to know, the information is at the bottom of the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.102.124.143 (talk) 05:27, 15 May 2012 (UTC)
 * If your response were comprehensible, I might be able to respond to it. Perhaps you could ask someone to help you express it more clearly. The sources are properly cited, and they are reliable sources. Even though you may not like the information, there are no problems. Cresix (talk) 14:15, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

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Requested move 2 June 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Not Moved. There's no consensus for move. (non-admin closure) –Ammarpad (talk) 01:28, 10 June 2018 (UTC)

Q-Tip (musician) → Q-Tip – Per Ice Cube and Iron Maiden, I'm pretty sure that if someone searches with both a hyphen and (more importantly) capitals, then they're probably looking for the artist. Unreal7 (talk) 16:32, 2 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Support. Makes sense to me.  A  Train talk 16:49, 2 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The cotton swab brand name (and now generic name in many regions) also has a hyphen. There are many examples of secondary sources writing Q-Tip or Q-Tips: Washington Post, Prevention, CBS News, etc. Given WP:SINGULAR, users could reasonably expect to find what they're looking for at Q-Tip. Since Q-Tip has been a stable redirect to Cotton swab for all but 13 minutes of the last 11 years, I doubt that the move is needed. If necessary, the two entries at Q-Tip (disambiguation) could be listed separately at Cotton swab instead of the current hatnote that links to the disambiguation page. I think that should be sufficient. Dekimasu よ! 17:03, 2 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. Not primary over the cotton swab brand. -- Netoholic @ 02:30, 3 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above. Not primary over the cotton swab brand. In ictu oculi (talk) 06:55, 3 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Support. The Q-Tip article is a redirect to the cotton swab page anyway. Blackjays1 (talk) 04:15, 4 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Malformed request since the target is taken. Dicklyon (talk) 05:18, 4 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Q-Tip, as in, actual Q-Tips, is a brand name that should always be capitalized. DIFFCAPS therefore is of no help whatsoever. Red Slash 15:16, 4 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Technically, the brand is not capitalized. The official capitalization does not necessarily coincide with common use, however. Dekimasu よ! 03:03, 7 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Strongly oppose per above ("Not primary over the cotton swab brand"). HOWEVER, we could move "Q-Tip (disambiguation)" to the basename of "Q-Tip". Paintspot Infez (talk) 17:35, 9 June 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Q-Tip (musician)


text:
Talk:SIGABA

Sigaba company
There is a company doing business as Sigaba (Secure Data in Motion, dba Sigaba). Maybe this company (www.sigaba.com) ought to get a mention?
 * Is the company particularly notable? — Matt Crypto 18:00, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It ought to. It is a very significant player in the secure email market, but I'm biased.  DoomBringer 06:44, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * The disambiguation link in the header seems a good approach. — Matt Crypto 22:20, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I'd add more to the Sigaba corp page, but I'm affialated. DoomBringer 02:56, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Additional rotors
Additional rotors do provide more security even when a message's length isn't great enough to cause them to advance. A static rotor (such as the fourth one found on some Enigmas) causes a 26-fold increase in the number of possible decryptions.
 * I've removed that comment. — Matt Crypto 20:09, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Rename
The SIGABA was the US Army designation, and CSP 888 was the Navy designation. A "neutral" version appears to be ECM Mark II, and I propose we rename this article and use that term throughout. — Matt Crypto 20:09, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Tweaked Download Links
This is Michael Lee. Since I am no longer a student, the CS Department will soon take my old site http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~kirbysdl/ offline. I have set up a permanent archival mirror at http://ucsb.curby.net/ that includes copies of the thesis, and I have changed the article's links to point to the new site. To show that I'm not some random wacko, I've included a link on the original cs.ucsb.edu site pointing to ucsb.curby.net. The new site is entirely noncommercial/nonprofit.--Kirbysdl 09:39, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Cheers Michael! (And congratulations on graduating.) — Matt Crypto 16:11, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

History should include a number of points to make the page better
1) History should contain when the machine was taken out of service. Which was likely quite a long life (hard to destroy, e.g., US embassies and the USS Pueblo and other ships). 2) production numbers would give a sense of scale. 3) While cyphertext was not cracked, machines were briefly stolen during WWII (Polmar's book), and others later compromised. 4) I seem to recall that John Walker was caught with a simple device to deduce rotor internal wiring (photo in Keith Melton's book). The page isn't quite the same quality and depth as the Enigma page (or as a Fort Historian calls it "Enigma fetishism"). 143.232.210.150 (talk) 17:26, 9 April 2010 (UTC)

SIGABA machine goes missing story
My grandfather was in the Army Signal Corps and recalls a story where two guys were to transport a SIGABA device in a truck, with instructions to never let it out of their sight. They parked it outside of a restaurant/bar, and when they came out, the truck was gone. It became such a big deal that Gen. Eisenhower came into the town (somewhere in France) to address the situation. He offered a week leave in Paris to anyone who recovered the truck with SIGABA in it. Eventually someone found the truck abandoned by a river, someone had stolen the truck without knowing or caring about the SIGABA in the back.

We've been looking for some kind of record of this story but nothing has turned up. Does anyone here know anything about this? Harksaw (talk) 12:27, 28 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Maybe this: https://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/cryptologic_spectrum/Colmar_Incident.pdf The circumstances of the theft are different but it does mention that Eisenhower was personally involved. The week leave in Paris offer is not mentioned, but is easy to believe, given the importance of recovery. --agr (talk) 01:51, 29 September 2015 (UTC)
 * This is precisely the story! Thank you very much, my grandfather was very happy to receive this. 68.77.171.20 (talk) 17:03, 29 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you could write up or video your grandfather's story, preferably with his name and unit, have him sign it and send it as a letter to a Cryptographic journal or maybe the NSA's museum. The one week leave inducement is an interesting bit of cryptographic history that should not be lost and his first person account would be valuable.--agr (talk) 21:11, 29 September 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:SIGABA


text:
Eric Foner

Eric Foner (born February 7, 1943) is an American historian. He writes extensively on American political history, the history of freedom, the early history of the Republican Party, African American biography, the American Civil War, Reconstruction, and historiography, and has been a member of the faculty at the Columbia University Department of History since 1982. He is the author of several popular textbooks. According to the Open Syllabus Project, Foner is the most frequently cited author on college syllabi for history courses. According to historian Timothy Snyder, Foner is the first to associate the storming of the Capitol on January 6, 2021 with section three of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

Foner has published several books on the Reconstruction period, starting with  Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 in 1988. His online courses on "The Civil War and Reconstruction", published in 2014, are available from Columbia University on ColumbiaX.

In 2011, Foner's The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery (2010) won the Pulitzer Prize for History, the Lincoln Prize, and the Bancroft Prize. Foner previously won the Bancroft Prize in 1989 for his book Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution - 1863–1877. In 2000, he was elected president of the American Historical Association. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018.

Early life and education
Foner was born in New York City, New York, the son of Jewish parents, Liza (née Kraitz), a high school art teacher, and historian Jack D. Foner, who was active in the trade union movement and the campaign for civil rights for African Americans. Eric Foner describes his father as his "first great teacher", and recalls how,

"deprived of his livelihood while I was growing up, he supported our family as a freelance lecturer. ... Listening to his lectures, I came to appreciate how present concerns can be illuminated by the study of the past—how the repression of the McCarthy era recalled the days of the Alien and Sedition Acts, the civil rights movement needed to be viewed in light of the great struggles of black and white abolitionists, and in the brutal suppression of the Philippine insurrection at the turn of the century could be found the antecedents of American intervention in Vietnam. I also imbibed a way of thinking about the past in which visionaries and underdogs—Tom Paine, Wendell Phillips, Eugene V. Debs, and W. E. B. Du Bois—were as central to the historical drama as presidents and captains of industry, and how a commitment to social justice could infuse one's attitudes towards the past."

After graduating from Long Beach High School in 1959, Foner enrolled at Columbia University, where he was originally a physics major, before switching to history after taking a year-long seminar with James P. Shenton on the Civil War and Reconstruction during his junior year. "It probably determined that most of my career has been focused on that period," he recalled years later. A year later, in 1963, Foner graduated summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in history. He studied at the University of Oxford as a Kellett Fellow; he received a BA from Oriel College in 1965, where he was a member of the college's 1966 University Challenge winning team, though he did not appear in the final, having already returned to the US. After graduating from Oxford, Foner returned to Columbia where he earned his doctoral degree in 1969 under the supervision of Richard Hofstadter. His doctoral thesis, published in 1970 as Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War, explored the deeply rooted ideals and interests that drove the northern majority to oppose slavery and ultimately wage war against Southern secession.

Writing on the Reconstruction Era
Foner is a leading authority on the Reconstruction Era. In a seminal essay in American Heritage in October 1982, later reprinted in Reviews in American History, Foner wrote,

"In the past twenty years, no period of American history has been the subject of a more thoroughgoing reevaluation than Reconstruction—the violent, dramatic, and still controversial era following the Civil War. Race relations, politics, social life, and economic change during Reconstruction have all been reinterpreted in the light of changed attitudes toward the place of blacks within American society. If historians have not yet forged a fully satisfying portrait of Reconstruction as a whole, the traditional interpretation that dominated historical writing for much of this century has irrevocably been laid to rest."

"Foner has established himself as the leading authority on the Reconstruction period," wrote historian Michael Perman in reviewing Reconstruction. "This book is not simply a distillation of the secondary literature; it is a masterly account – broad in scope as well as rich in detail and insight. "This is history written on a grand scale, a masterful treatment of one of the most complex periods of American history," David Herbert Donald wrote in The New Republic. C. Vann Woodward, in The New York Review of Books, wrote, "Eric Foner has put together this terrible story with greater cogency and power, I believe, than has been brought to the subject heretofore."

In a 2009 essay, Foner pondered whether Reconstruction might have turned out differently.

"'It is wrong to think that, during the Civil War, President Lincoln embraced a single 'plan' of Reconstruction,' he wrote. 'Lincoln had always been willing to work closely with all factions of his party, including the Radicals on numerous occasions. I think it is quite plausible to imagine Lincoln and Congress agreeing to a Reconstruction policy encompassing basic civil rights for blacks (as was enacted in 1866) plus limited black suffrage, along the lines he proposed just before his death.'"

Foner's recent short summary of his views was published in The New York Times in 2015.

Secession and the Soviet Union
As a visiting professor in Moscow in the early 1990s, Foner compared secessionist forces in the USSR with the secession movement in the US in the 1860s. In a February 1991 article, Foner noted that the Baltic states claimed the right to secede because they had been unwillingly annexed. In addition, he believed that the Soviet Union did not protect minorities while it tried to nationalize the republics. Foner identified a threat to existing minority groups within the Baltic states, who were in turn threatened by the new nationalist movements.

Popular publications and documentaries
In a New York Times op-ed, he criticized President Donald Trump's tweet calling for the preservation of Confederate monuments and heritage, stating that they represented and glorified white supremacy rather than collective heritage.

Media appearances
Foner has made multiple appearance on shows such as The Colbert Report and The Daily Show to discuss US history.

Reception
Journalist Nat Hentoff described Foner's The Story of American Freedom as "an indispensable book that should be read in every school in the land." "Eric Foner is one of the most prolific, creative, and influential American historians of the past 20 years," according to The Washington Post. His work is "brilliant, important," a reviewer wrote in the Los Angeles Times.

In a review of The Story of American Freedom in the New York Review of Books, Theodore Draper disagreed with Foner's conclusions, saying "If the story of American freedom is told largely from the perspective of blacks and women, especially the former, it is not going to be a pretty tale. Yet most Americans thought of themselves not only as free but as the freest people in the world."

John Patrick Diggins of the City University of New York wrote that Foner's Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877, was a "magisterial" and "moving" narrative, but compared Foner's "unforgiving" view of America for its racist past to his notably different views on the fall of communism and Soviet history.

Foner's book Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad (2015) was judged "Intellectually probing and emotionally resonant" by the Los Angeles Times. His previous book The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery (2010) was described by Library Journal as "In the vast library on Lincoln, Foner's book stands out as the most sensible and sensitive reading of Lincoln's lifetime involvement with slavery and the most insightful assessment of Lincoln's—and indeed America's—imperative to move toward freedom lest it be lost."

Awards and honors
In 1989, Foner received the Avery O. Craven Award from the Organization of American Historians. In 1991, Foner received the Great Teacher Award from the Society of Columbia Graduates. In 1995, he was named Scholar of the Year by the New York Council for the Humanities.

In 2009, Foner was inducted as a Laureate of The Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois as a Bicentennial Laureate.

In 2012, Foner received The Lincoln Forum's Richard Nelson Current Award of Achievement.

In 2020, Foner was awarded the Roy Rosenzweig Distinguished Service Award from the Organization of American Historians which goes to an individual or individuals whose contributions have significantly enriched our understanding and appreciation of American history.

Personal life
Foner was married to screenwriter Naomi Foner (née Achs) from 1965 to 1977. Since 1982, Foner has been married to historian Lynn Garafola. They have a daughter.

Books

 * Reissued with a new preface.
 * , editor
 * , editor
 * Political history; and winner, in 1989, of the Bancroft Prize, the Francis Parkman Prize, the Los Angeles Times Book Award, the Avery O. Craven Prize, and the Lionel Trilling Prize.
 * An abridgement of Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution.
 * , editor
 * A survey of United States history, published with companion volumes of documents.
 * Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History, ISBN 978-0-393-92503-6 (vol. 1), and ISBN 978-0-393-92504-3 (2 vols.).
 * , editor
 * , editor
 * A survey of United States history, published with companion volumes of documents.
 * Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History, ISBN 978-0-393-92503-6 (vol. 1), and ISBN 978-0-393-92504-3 (2 vols.).
 * , editor
 * , editor
 * A survey of United States history, published with companion volumes of documents.
 * Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History, ISBN 978-0-393-92503-6 (vol. 1), and ISBN 978-0-393-92504-3 (2 vols.).
 * , editor
 * A survey of United States history, published with companion volumes of documents.
 * Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History, ISBN 978-0-393-92503-6 (vol. 1), and ISBN 978-0-393-92504-3 (2 vols.).
 * , editor
 * , editor

Some of his books have been translated into Portuguese, Italian, and Chinese.

Selected articles

 * Column on George W. Bush.
 * Foner, Eric (2008). "Lincoln and Colonization", in Foner, Eric, ed., Our Lincoln: New Perspectives on Lincoln and His World. W. W. Norton & Co.
 * Foner, Eric (2011). "Abraham Lincoln, Colonization, and the Rights of Black Americans", in Richard Follett, Eric Foner, and Walter Johnson, Slavery's Ghost: The Problem of Freedom in the Age of Emancipation, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
 * Pdf.
 * Foner, Eric, "The Corrupt Bargain" (review of Alexander Keyssar, Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? , Harvard, 2020, 544 pp., ISBN 978 0 674 66015 1; and Jesse Wegman, Let the People Pick the President: The Case for Abolishing the Electoral College, St Martin's Press, 2020, 304 pp., ISBN 978 1 250 22197 1), London Review of Books, vol. 42, no. 10 (May 21, 2020), pp. 3, 5–6. Foner concludes (p. 6): "Rooted in distrust of ordinary citizens and, like so many other features of American life, in the institution of slavery, the electoral college is a relic of a past the United States should have abandoned long ago."
 * Foner, Eric, "Whose Revolution?: The history of the United States' founding from below" (review of Woody Holton, Liberty Is Sweet: The Hidden History of the American Revolution, Simon & Schuster, 2021, 800 pp.), The Nation, vol. 314, no. 8 (18–25 April 2022), pp. 32–37. Highlighted are the struggles and tragic fates of America's Indians and Black slaves. For example, "In 1779 [George] Washington dispatched a contingent of soldiers to upstate New York to burn Indian towns and crops and seize hostages 'of every age and sex.' The following year, while serving as governor of Virginia, [Thomas] Jefferson ordered troops under the command of George Rogers Clark to enter the Ohio Valley and bring about the expulsion or 'extermination' of local Indians." (pp. 34–35.)
 * Foner, Eric, "The Little Man's Big Friends" (review of Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power, Basic, 2022, 497 pp., ISBN 978 1 5416 7280 2), London Review of Books, vol. 45, no. 11 (1 June 2023), pp. 29–30. "More than half a century after he stood in the 'schoolhouse door', the ghost of George Wallace still haunts American politics." (final sentence of the review, p. 30.)
 * (Additional articles and book reviews are available at EricFoner.com)
 * Column on George W. Bush.
 * Foner, Eric (2008). "Lincoln and Colonization", in Foner, Eric, ed., Our Lincoln: New Perspectives on Lincoln and His World. W. W. Norton & Co.
 * Foner, Eric (2011). "Abraham Lincoln, Colonization, and the Rights of Black Americans", in Richard Follett, Eric Foner, and Walter Johnson, Slavery's Ghost: The Problem of Freedom in the Age of Emancipation, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
 * Pdf.
 * Foner, Eric, "The Corrupt Bargain" (review of Alexander Keyssar, Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? , Harvard, 2020, 544 pp., ISBN 978 0 674 66015 1; and Jesse Wegman, Let the People Pick the President: The Case for Abolishing the Electoral College, St Martin's Press, 2020, 304 pp., ISBN 978 1 250 22197 1), London Review of Books, vol. 42, no. 10 (May 21, 2020), pp. 3, 5–6. Foner concludes (p. 6): "Rooted in distrust of ordinary citizens and, like so many other features of American life, in the institution of slavery, the electoral college is a relic of a past the United States should have abandoned long ago."
 * Foner, Eric, "Whose Revolution?: The history of the United States' founding from below" (review of Woody Holton, Liberty Is Sweet: The Hidden History of the American Revolution, Simon & Schuster, 2021, 800 pp.), The Nation, vol. 314, no. 8 (18–25 April 2022), pp. 32–37. Highlighted are the struggles and tragic fates of America's Indians and Black slaves. For example, "In 1779 [George] Washington dispatched a contingent of soldiers to upstate New York to burn Indian towns and crops and seize hostages 'of every age and sex.' The following year, while serving as governor of Virginia, [Thomas] Jefferson ordered troops under the command of George Rogers Clark to enter the Ohio Valley and bring about the expulsion or 'extermination' of local Indians." (pp. 34–35.)
 * Foner, Eric, "The Little Man's Big Friends" (review of Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power, Basic, 2022, 497 pp., ISBN 978 1 5416 7280 2), London Review of Books, vol. 45, no. 11 (1 June 2023), pp. 29–30. "More than half a century after he stood in the 'schoolhouse door', the ghost of George Wallace still haunts American politics." (final sentence of the review, p. 30.)
 * (Additional articles and book reviews are available at EricFoner.com)
 * Foner, Eric (2011). "Abraham Lincoln, Colonization, and the Rights of Black Americans", in Richard Follett, Eric Foner, and Walter Johnson, Slavery's Ghost: The Problem of Freedom in the Age of Emancipation, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
 * Pdf.
 * Foner, Eric, "The Corrupt Bargain" (review of Alexander Keyssar, Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College? , Harvard, 2020, 544 pp., ISBN 978 0 674 66015 1; and Jesse Wegman, Let the People Pick the President: The Case for Abolishing the Electoral College, St Martin's Press, 2020, 304 pp., ISBN 978 1 250 22197 1), London Review of Books, vol. 42, no. 10 (May 21, 2020), pp. 3, 5–6. Foner concludes (p. 6): "Rooted in distrust of ordinary citizens and, like so many other features of American life, in the institution of slavery, the electoral college is a relic of a past the United States should have abandoned long ago."
 * Foner, Eric, "Whose Revolution?: The history of the United States' founding from below" (review of Woody Holton, Liberty Is Sweet: The Hidden History of the American Revolution, Simon & Schuster, 2021, 800 pp.), The Nation, vol. 314, no. 8 (18–25 April 2022), pp. 32–37. Highlighted are the struggles and tragic fates of America's Indians and Black slaves. For example, "In 1779 [George] Washington dispatched a contingent of soldiers to upstate New York to burn Indian towns and crops and seize hostages 'of every age and sex.' The following year, while serving as governor of Virginia, [Thomas] Jefferson ordered troops under the command of George Rogers Clark to enter the Ohio Valley and bring about the expulsion or 'extermination' of local Indians." (pp. 34–35.)
 * Foner, Eric, "The Little Man's Big Friends" (review of Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power, Basic, 2022, 497 pp., ISBN 978 1 5416 7280 2), London Review of Books, vol. 45, no. 11 (1 June 2023), pp. 29–30. "More than half a century after he stood in the 'schoolhouse door', the ghost of George Wallace still haunts American politics." (final sentence of the review, p. 30.)
 * (Additional articles and book reviews are available at EricFoner.com)
 * (Additional articles and book reviews are available at EricFoner.com)

Lectures

 * Lectures from "The Civil War and Reconstruction" course series (videos): 1850–1861, 1861–1865, 1865–1890
 * Eric Foner lecture "Who Owns History?" from the 2009 Key West Literary Seminar (audio recording)
 * "The Story of American Freedom: 1776–2005" (video): MIT SPURS/Humphrey Program sponsored lecture by Eric Foner from the series "Myths About America."

Interviews

 * interviews with on Democracy Now! about Foner's 2015 book Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad (et al.):
 * part 1, begins ~35:38 in audio and video
 * part 2: audio, video
 * The Second American Revolution: Historian Eric Foner on slavery, freedom, and contemporary US politics. Jacobin. March 28, 2015.
 * On Contact: Creative Forgetfulness with Eric Foner (interviewed by Chris Hedges). RT America on YouTube, September 18, 2017
 * On Contact: Creative Forgetfulness with Eric Foner (interviewed by Chris Hedges). RT America on YouTube, September 18, 2017

title: Eric Foner


text:
Talk:Liberty Media

==Al Gore== "Described by Al Gore as the 'Darth Vader of cable'". When, where? - Jerryseinfeld 22:34, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

http://www.forbes.com/2001/07/11/0711malone.html was the first hit from Google.

External links modified
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Conservative bent not mentioned?
Liberty Media is a significant contributor to conservative groups and views. Molone (CEO) donated US$250,000 to Donald Trump's inauguration in 2017, with colleague Greg Maffei, Liberty Media, and Liberty Interactive each donating a further US$250,000. Shouldn't that be in their write-up?

--Thalia42 (talk) 01:29, 19 February 2019 (UTC)

 * Liberty Media actually has a very far-left and radical feminist "woke" bent, like most American corporations these days that shamelessly pander to the Twitter crowd instead of caring what normal people think. After Liberty Media acquired Formula One, its CEO banned the use of "grid girls," the female models that have been beloved by fans for over 70 years, in order to enforce the political correctness agenda on society.

Liberty Media Acquire 86% of Dorna Sports, who Own MotoGP and World Superbikes
Liberty Media's Press Statement: https://www.libertymedia.com/investors/news-events/press-releases/detail/527/liberty-media-announces-agreement-to-acquire-commercial

MotoGP's Press Statement: https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2024/04/01/liberty-media-announces-acquisition-of-motogp/493938

WSBK's Press Statement: https://www.worldsbk.com/en/news/2024/Liberty%20Media%20to%20acquire%20Dorna Wycombefan (talk) 11:37, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Liberty Media


text:
Talk:Battle of Antioch

from VfD:

Starcraft fancruft. Normally I'd just merge into Starcraft, but I'm not really sure this level of detail is required or wanted there, so I'm suggesting deletion instead. --fvw *  22:37, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * Comment: maybe a short version of thsi could be added to Aiur, but I'm not sure. Jeltz 23:00, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * Delete nn Keep now Wyss 23:16, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del Mikkalai 02:34, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I've changed it to be about the historical Battle of Antioch. Still only a stub, but at least it's useful now. P Ingerson 03:21, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It still doesn't say anything not mentioned on the Antioch page, and is unlikely to be massively expanded 03:26, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep all articles on historical battles. Shouldn't it be disambiguated with the famous battle of the First Crusade, though? Everyking 05:40, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Clearly, keep it now. Re []'s comment, it's a hist-stub and I just added it to Category:Battles; I'm sure it will catch the interest of various expanders over time. Samaritan 07:17, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: DCEdwards1966 07:39, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Now an obvious keep. —RaD Man (talk) 10:34, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Clear keep now whenb the content is changed. Jeltz 13:54, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)
 * Keep, the new content makes sense for this location. Shane King 00:26, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, replacing nonexistent battle with the historical one is commendable. Should be expandable. - Skysmith 11:16, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have expanded the article adding other significant Battles of Antioch including a battle at 145BC which saw the death of Ptolemy VI of Egypt and the overthrow of Alexander Balas, the battle in 218 which led to Elagabalus becoming Emperor of Rome, and the two famous battles in 1098 and 1268 which began and ended the Crusader Kingdom in Antioch. I have added two sentences about Starcraft at the end. It is now longer a stub. Capitalistroadster 11:29, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Good work. Andris 11:33, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Unfortunately VfD is being used as an expedited cleanup tool.  Great thanks to those who refactored this into a better article. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 17:54, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hey, don't fix what's not broke, right? If VFD is effective as a cleanup tool, who's to say we shouldn't occasionally use it that way? It works. Keep, by the way. P  M  C  07:16, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * And this is why fancruft is dangerous. Keep the wonderful new article. hfool 03:39, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Links
As it says at MoS:DP:
 * don't wikilink any other words in the line, unless they may be essential to help the reader determine where they might find the information.

In this case they may be essential. Elagabalus, Baibars, Macrinus are obscure people. How is the reader to figure out who they are unless we link them? Gdr 23:17, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I suppose the idea is that they can find out who those people are by clicking on the battle links. But this is a really stupid edit war... Adam Bishop 06:19, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

See the comments by GDR and Adam Bishop. --Philip Baird Shearer 22:48, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Why is this a holy war for you? Are you threatened somehow by the fact that with the cleanup tag other editors may come here and find the page in its current state?  If someone's looking for Battle of Antioch, they're coming from some context already.  All these links are confusing to me as a reader.  But that's not the point right now, is it.  It's about the cleanup tag.  I haven't edited the page to remove the links, only to keep the cleanup tag there until we come to some consensus on this talk page about the existance of those links.  Please leave the cleanup tag in place and let's have the conversation about those links. Tedernst | talk 22:52, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

This is a rather pointless discussion as only two articles even linked here in the first place, and I just fixed the links on both of them. I don't know who would search for "Battle of Antioch" anyway; as we were discussing on Talk:Siege of Antioch, perhaps it would be better to make that the disambiguation page. Adam Bishop 21:21, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * (A) Tederst has been a serious problem everywhere, deleting too much information, and had promised to stop working on disambiguation pages. He's breaking his promise.  I've removed his cleanup tag.

 * (B) If Siege of Antioch would be better, let's talk about a merge. I've added the Mergeto.  Should be settled in only a couple days.

 * (C) OTOH, battle is more generic term. I'd suggest merging, but also keeping this as a redirect to catch future references.
 * --William Allen Simpson 14:28, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Basesd on clear consensus, reverted MoS:DP cleanup once again. There needs to be a category tag from the Project.
 * --William Allen Simpson 09:09, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't have done the cleanup if the disambig-cleanup tag wasn't there... Gflores Talk 13:59, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

I see from the history, you mean the clear consensus not to include it. --Philip Baird Shearer 20:43, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Antioch


text: User talk:24.91.36.82

title: User talk:24.91.36.82


text:
Extreme Dodgeball

Extreme Dodgeball is an American game show based on the game of dodgeball that aired between 2004 and 2005 on the Game Show Network. The series ran for three seasons, each of which featured six to eight teams of five to seven players. The first series followed gimmick teams, such as sumo wrestlers and jockeys, which changed over time into the third series with franchise-like teams representing cities. All three series are presented by Bil Dwyer and Zach Selwyn.

The series was created by Rich Cronin and produced by Mindless Entertainment and made to accompany the Rawson Marshall Thurber movie Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story.

Standard rules
The game is a variation of dodgeball, in which players from each team attempt to hit players from the other team with a ball in order to eliminate them from the round without leaving their half of the court.

In the first two seasons, two teams of five compete in a match of three rounds in a best-of-three format. This was altered significantly for season three, see "Other Rule Changes and Amendments" below. A round ends when one of the two teams loses all five of its members. The first round is standard and is played with two dodgeballs. In the second round, often called the "Big Ball Round," a third ball which is twice the diameter of the other two is added into play. This ball is often used to deflect attacks. In the third round, "Dead Man Walking," the Big Ball is removed and in its place is an orange headband that is placed on one member of each team who is designated the "Dead Man Walking." In the first and second seasons, if the Dead Man Walking is eliminated, the team he represents loses the game and consequently the match.

Elimination
In each of the three seasons, there were multiple ways for an athlete to be eliminated and sent to the sideline. Some variations in these regulations exist in the three seasons, but for the most part these rules remain the same. The following are ways in which a member of a team can be eliminated: There are also two ways of returning to the game after being eliminated. The first, as previously mentioned, is if a player catches a ball. At this point, one of their teammates can come back onto the court, until five members are on the court. The second way is called a regeneration. In the first season, if all but one member of the team were eliminated, the last player had the opportunity to hit a target aptly named the "regeneration target" and, if this was accomplished before he was eliminated, all of his teammates returned to the court. In season two, the last player on the court only had to stay alive for 20 seconds, which would regenerate the entire team. In both cases, a team could only regenerate once per round. Lastly, in the third season, this rule was changed again. If the last player standing is able to not be eliminated for 30 seconds, only one of his teammates can return, but if the last player is eliminated, four team members return to the game. However, this could be done an unlimited number of times.
 * Getting hit with a ball
 * Throwing a ball which an opponent catches (in this case, a person previously eliminated can come back in, but the number of people in the playing arena cannot exceed 5)
 * Dropping a ball being used to deflect a ball thrown by an opposing player
 * Crossing over the center line or (in seasons one and two) stepping outside the boundary

Other rule changes and amendments
For the second season, there were two more main changes. Firstly, there was a 5-second delay of game warning. If a team held more than one ball for over 5 seconds, one of its players would be out.

The second rule stated that if a player, in the opinion of the referee, was impeding the flow of play of the game by stalling, refusing to throw the ball, or attempting to force a play on the opposing team, the referee(s) could give that player a "yellow card". Two yellow cards meant that the player in question was ejected. This second rule was introduced in the early stages of the second season and is called the "Benedetto Amendment" after player David Benedetto, when he deliberately placed two balls immediately on his opponents' side of the court, forcing the opponents - in compliance with the above-stated five-second-rule - to approach the balls, allowing Benedetto to hit them at point blank range, a tactic which was deemed unfair by the show's producers. Although Michael 'Handsome' Constanza originally used the tactics in Episode 1 of Season 1, there was no five-second rule back then, so it was not as abusive.

In the third season, many significant changes were made to the rules. First, the teams would add two players each, increasing the number of players from five to seven. Still however, only five members of the team would be allowed on the court at any given time. The players who came on the court rotated, if four of a team's five players were eliminated, and the final player regenerated a teammate, the sixth member came onto the court.

The main change in this season was the format of the matches. Instead of 3 rounds which ended when all of the players on one of the teams were eliminated, the matches would be divided to four six-minute quarters. The victor would not be decided by the fastest elimination of an entire team, rather, the team with the most points at the end of the 24 minutes. If a player eliminates any opponent in any way, his team gains one point. A bonus point is awarded for wiping out the entire other team.

Other small changes were added. For example, if a player received a yellow card for yelling at the referee, holding a ball for too long, disobeying the instructions given, etc., he would have to stand in a small square while a player on the other team would be given a free shot at him. If the penalized player is hit, the opposing team scores a point, if the player leaves the square's boundaries, two points are awarded. Another small change was in the court itself. In previous seasons, the boundaries had been on the left, right, and front for each team. In this season, however, the left and right boundaries were removed and the court became similar to that of many indoor sports, such as indoor soccer or ice hockey.

In the second quarter, the Big Ball is put in play similar to the first two seasons. Since the big ball is used mainly for defending and is difficult to throw, two bonus points would be awarded for a kill through throwing.

In the third and fourth quarters, the teams are on the side opposite of that which they started. In the fourth quarter, the orange Dead Man Walking headband comes into play. One person on each team must wear the headband at all times. Any time a Dead Man Walking is eliminated, the other team gains two bonus points, but does not win the game. The headband is simply transferred to someone else. When two minutes remain in this quarter, there is a break in the game where the teams are allowed to switch the players on the court with ones on the bench (but each team retains the same number of players that had been on the floor). At the end of the fourth quarter, the team with the most points is declared the victor and is awarded $5,000.

If after the fourth quarter, a tie is reached, the game goes into overtime, in which each team chooses three players to represent them on the court. There are no regenerations, and catching a ball does not bring in a new player—once a player is out, they are out for good. The team which can last the longest is declared the winner of the match.

In the third season, referees are able to give players red cards, much like in soccer. If a player is given a red card, he is out for the rest of the game. Players get red cards if they behave in a particularly improper manner too serious for a yellow card, such as physical contact with an opponent in a harsh manner. Red cards are uncommon, but have been given multiple times. One player, Brian DeCato, was even suspended for the season due to repeated offenses.

Tournament format and prize structure
In season 1, each team played 5 matches; afterwards all 8 competed in the playoffs with 1st facing 8th, 2nd facing 7th, etc. The winners of these playoffs won $10,000.

In season 2, each team played 10 matches, and the top 3 teams from each division reached the playoffs. In the first round, the #2 and #3 seed in each division faced off against each other. The winner of these matches faced the #1 seed of their respective division (who earned a bye in round 1) in a playoff match for $5,000. Then the 2 division winners would face off in the championship match for an additional $20,000 ($25,000 total).

In season 3, the winners of each match received $5,000. As in the previous season, each team played 10 matches. The four teams with the best records competed in the semifinals, where the winners received another $5,000. The grand champions added an additional $10,000 to their total. Potentially a team could win up to $65,000.

Hosts
For all three seasons, the hosts have been Bil Dwyer and Zach Selwyn.

Sideline reporters

 * Season 1: Jerri Manthey of Survivor
 * Season 2: Mary Strong of NFL Network
 * Season 3: Michele Merkin of E! Entertainment Network

Commissioner
Rip Torn, who played Patches O'Houlihan in Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story, joined in Season 3 as the commissioner of the league.

Teams
Each team in Extreme Dodgeball had a gimmick. This could reflect the fact that gimmick teams were featured heavily in Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story. Usually, the members of a team shared a common profession, indicated in their name.

In the first season, the teams wore clothing linked to their gimmick, for example the CPA wore sweater-vests and neckties, the Stallion Battalion wore racing silks. In the second and third seasons, all teams wore uniforms similar to those worn in basketball, in team colors.

Season 1

 * CPA: Certified Public Assassins - Certified Public Accountants - Season 1 Champions, and winners of the $10,000 grand prize. They also went undefeated throughout the season.
 * Tobias "The Sniper" McKinney - Creator of the famous "Suicide Leap,” where the thrower jumps over the center line, and hits the victim with the ball before he lands, therefore the kill is valid.
 * Michael "Handsome" Constanza - Went on to be the MVP of the season. Had amazing throwing skills and clocked in with the most accuracy. Had an 82 MPH throwing speed.
 * Mandy "Sunshine" Sommers - Known for catching almost any ball thrown at her.
 * Steve Altes
 * Gretchen Weiss
 * Barbell Mafia - Bodybuilders - Season 1 Runners-up, lost to CPA in the final match.
 * Tyrone "The Rush Factor" Rush
 * Alan "Diesel" Grimes
 * Jeramy "The Mountain" Freeman
 * Amazon Beard
 * Melissa "Coates Rack" Coates
 * Armed Response - Security guards
 * David "The Animal" Benedetto
 * Clay "Chainsaw" Krueger
 * Andrew "Barishnikov" Brawley
 * Michelle "Manu" Manumaleuna
 * Laura "Major" Farley
 * Ink, Incorporated - Tattoo artists, known to hate the Mimes.
 * Ben "Psycho/Evil Robot" Toth
 * Shawn "The Hitman" Hauser
 * Jessica Cabo "Wabo"
 * Damion "The Omen" Troy
 * Rebecca Pontius (sister of Mark Pontius of the Mimes and, later, the Reef Sharks)
 * Curves of Steel - Female bodybuilders, plus a male trainer
 * Kel Watrin
 * Lillith "Fair" Fields
 * Kimberly "Slim Kim" Estrada
 * Maritza Franco
 * Amelie McKendry
 * Silent But Deadly Mimes - Mime artists
 * Mark "Pretty Boy" Pontius
 * Lamonte Goode
 * Laura Hight
 * Stephen Sande
 * "Angelina" Jolie Bailey
 * Stallion Battalion - Jockeys
 * Kenny "Dirty" Sanchez
 * Mark "M&M" Munoz
 * Michael Pipkin
 * Christina "Shorty" Knizner
 * Lissette Garcia
 * Sumo Storm - Sumo wrestlers - Lost all six of their matches, including a loss to the CPA in the first playoff round.
 * Billy Acquaviva
 * "Captain" Americus Abesamis
 * Dante Alighieri
 * Jon Beardsley
 * Crystal "Chainsaw" Cartwright
 * Katasha Nelson - filled in two games for Cartwright when she was injured.

Season 2
In this season, the teams were divided into the Classic Division and the Expansion Division. The former consisted of the Top 4 teams from the previous season, and the latter consisted of entirely new teams.

Classic Division
 * Armed Response - Season 2 Champions, winning the $25,000 grand prize.
 * David Benedetto, returning
 * David "Don't Call Me Condoleezza" Rice
 * Kel Watrin, returning from Curves of Steel.
 * Danno Kingman - filled in for Watrin while he was injured.
 * Tanya Fenderbosch
 * Nicole Zingale
 * CPA - Certified Public Assassins - Once Undefeated as the Season 1 champions, but the first time ever lost in other games.
 * Tobias McKinney, returning
 * Michael Constanza, returning
 * Mandy Sommers, returning
 * Art "Fly like a" Spiegel
 * Natasha Pospich
 * Ink, Incorporated
 * Ben Toth, returning
 * Kimberly Estrada, returning from Curves of Steel.
 * Strati Hovartos
 * "Scary" Kari Richardson
 * Shawn Hauser, returning
 * Barbell Mafia - Suffered a long losing streak and were eliminated after the regular season. This was surprising, considering most of their players were the same.
 * Tyrone Rush, returning
 * Melissa Coates, returning
 * Jeremy Freeman, returning
 * Vanessa Altman
 * Alan Grimes, returning

Expansion Division
 * Delta Force - Military troopers - Season 2 Runners-up, lost to Armed Response in the championship match. They won $5,000 for reaching the finals.
 * Paul "Rambo" Green
 * Lisa "The Beach Tiger" Marshall
 * Geoff Mead
 * Linda "I'm Crying" Overhue
 * Bobby "Salmon" Roe
 * Reef Sharks - Surfers
 * Chris Bullis
 * Mark "Big Nasty" Long (of Road Rules and Real World/Road Rules Challenge fame)
 * Mark Pontius, returning from Silent But Deadly Mimes.
 * Melanie Thomas
 * Amy Wiseman
 * Bling - Urban/Hip-Hop artists
 * Alvina "Virginia Slim" Carroll
 * Frank "The Tank,” "The Big Pasta" Frisoli
 * Portis "The Crazy Chinchilla" Hershey
 * Mia "Pimpin'" Parler
 * Adam "Malibu's Most Wanted" Ullberg
 * MAD: Mutually Assured Destruction - Scientists - Eliminated after the regular season
 * Anna Bartsch
 * Tarone Cathcart
 * Gary "Spaz" Davis
 * Marie Philman
 * Marc Van Norden

Season 3
The teams in Season 3 had city themes rather than personal themes. The teams each had seven players, including a celebrity team captain.

 * New York Bling - Season 3 Champions
 * Mia St. John - her first kill of the season was made in the championship game.
 * Tyrone "The Rush Factor" Rush, returning from Season 2's Barbell Mafia, led the league in kills this season with 88.
 * Wade Clark
 * Tami "Goggles" Bahat
 * Greg "The Dirty Hippy" Lang
 * Brian DeCato, was ejected at halftime during a game Vs. Detroit Spoilers as he assaulted Strati Hovartez. Eventually, he was suspended for the rest of the season.
 * Justin Leffler - replaced DeCato after DeCato was suspended for week 15; was injured during a victory celebration after defeating the Chicago Hitmen, Eventually, he was out for the season.
 * Matt "Ryan Seacrest" Gibbons - temporarily replaced DeCato in week 12 and replaced Leffler after Leffler was injured in week 15.
 * Portis "The Crazy Chinchilla" Hershey, returning; led the league in Big Ball kills with 6.
 * Philadelphia Benjamins - Season 3 Runners-Up
 * Jeremiah "The Axeman" Trotter, led celebrity captains for most kills and led the league in Big Ball kills with 6. Was also selected as the favorite male captain by the commissioner of Extreme Dodgeball.
 * Michael Lee, filled in for Trotter while Trotter was injured.
 * Paul Gene, filled in for Trotter while Trotter was injured. Although Gene got injured himself during a game Vs. Denver Hurlers.
 * Chris "Sweatting" Bullis, returning from Reef Sharks.
 * Art "Fly Like A" Spigel, returning from CPA, led the league in last man standing survivals.
 * Mia Parler, returning from Bling.
 * Justin “Blueberry” Hill, led the league in Dead Man Walking kills with 13 and led the team in kills.
 * Lisa "The Beach Tiger" Marshall, returning from Season 2's Delta Force.
 * Morgan "Needle In The" Hay, was the team leader and 2nd in the league in catches with 30 which included a highlighted double catch wipeout Vs. Denver Hurlers, and ranked fourth in kills with 70.
 * Chicago Hitmen - Lost to the Philadelphia Benjamins in the playoff semi-finals
 * Hal Sparks
 * Rob "Astro" Clyde
 * Erik "The Breadtruck" Tillmans
 * Anna Bartsch, returning from MAD; was given an honorable mention as she had more catches than all the other female athletes and half of the men in the league.
 * K.J. Phelps, led the league and rookies in catches with 34.
 * Marie Philman, returning from MAD.
 * Kenneth Hughes
 * Denver Hurlers - Lost to the New York Bling in the playoff semi-finals
 * Tara Dakides
 * Bobby "Salmon" Roe, returning from Delta Force.
 * Danno Kingman, returning from Season 2's Armed Response (he was their substitute)
 * Adrian "The Ghoul" Quihius
 * Gary "Spaz" Davis, returning from MAD.
 * Kelly "Orale" Lavato, was injured in week 9 after her teammate, Bobb Roe, smashed her against the wall. She was unable to continue for the rest of the season.
 * Linda "I'm Crying" Overhue, returning from Season 2's Delta Force; replaced Lavato after Lavato was injured.
 * Micah "Lead Me to the Promised Land" Moses
 * Los Angeles Armed Response - Eliminated after the regular season
 * Mario Lopez
 * David "The Animal" Benedetto, returning.
 * Kel Watrin, returning.
 * Tanya Fenderbosch, returning.
 * Damien ”Mouth” Ward
 * Mandy "Sunshine" Sommers, returning from CPA.
 * Sebastian "Beam Me Up" Sciotti, led the rookies in kills with 87.
 * Detroit Spoilers - Lost all ten of their regular season matches
 * Kerri Walsh, was selected as the favorite female celebrity captain by the commissioner of Extreme Dodgeball as she had more kills and more points than any other female competitor in the league with 23.
 * David "Don't Call Me Condoleezza" Rice, returning from Season 2's Armed Response.
 * Jason "The Boner" Caliz
 * Strati Hovartez, returning from Ink, Inc., known for his ballistic temper between games despite his great skills.
 * Adam "Malibu's Most Wanted" Ullberg, returning from Bling.
 * Kimberly "Slim Kim" Estrada, returning from Season 2's Ink, Inc. and Season 1's Curves of Steel.
 * Ben "Psycho" Toth, returning from Ink, Inc., known for calling his Big Ball offense “The Fist of the Unicorn.”

title: Extreme Dodgeball


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Artanis

Artanis
Starcraft fancruft. Normally I'd just merge into Starcraft, but I'm not really sure this level of detail is required or wanted there, so I'm suggesting deletion instead. --fvw *  22:37, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * Delete just to be safe. Wyss 23:15, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del Mikkalai 02:37, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Unlike Antioch, this is worthless. Delete as useless fancruft. hfool 03:40, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: starcruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:02, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Artanis


text:
Cave Diving Group

The Cave Diving Group (CDG) is a United Kingdom-based diver training organisation specialising in cave diving.

The CDG was founded in 1946 by Graham Balcombe, making it the world's oldest continuing diving club. Graham Balcombe and Jack Sheppard pioneered cave diving in the late 1930s, notably at Wookey Hole in Somerset.

Passages through caves are often blocked by a submerged section, or sump. Cavers in many countries have tried to pass these barriers in a variety of ways; using the simple "free dive" with a lungful of air or by utilising the available diving technology of the day.

Early history of cave diving in the UK
Two Post Office engineers, (Francis) Graham Balcombe and "Jack" Sheppard, who were among the leading climbers and cavers of their era, combined their energies into solving the problem of passing the Swildon's sump. Their pioneering dive on 17 February 1934 used a home-made respirator, designed by Balcombe, that incorporated part of a ladies' bicycle frame. The attempt was unsuccessful but the foundation of cave diving in the U.K. had been laid.

In 1935, Balcombe made enquiries with Siebe Gorman, the leading diving engineers of the time. Although they could not help with light weight diving equipment, they did offer training and the loan of standard helmet diving gear. A successful expedition was mounted at Wookey Hole, where the waters from Swildon's Hole resurge. Exploration of the subterranean River Axe proceeded to the seventh chamber, a distance of 52 m, which was as far as Balcombe and Diver No. 2, Penelope Powell could physically handle their pipes and ropes.

The team returned to Swildon's Hole on 4 October 1936 with Jack Sheppard's newly designed apparatus nicknamed "Jimmy". It was fed by a football inflation pump that was coupled to a home-made drysuit that incorporated lighting and a telephone. This was used by Sheppard to pass Sump l.

Later that year the bicycle respirator became self-contained with the addition of an oxygen cylinder. In turn Balcombe dived solo through Sump 1 and found the air chambers of Sump 2. These pioneers established the pattern of UK cave diving; the systematic exploration of a cave system in its phreatic zone by diving both the resurgence and its tributaries. During the war years Balcombe developed a self-contained closed-circuit oxygen set using mainly medical components. In the Yorkshire Dales he began the great canon of exploration, now known as the Three Counties System with dives at Keld Head, Goyden Pot and Alum Pot.

Formation of the Cave Diving Group
After World War II surplus oxygen rebreather equipment became available, and the number of divers increased. In 1946 these enthusiasts had a meet in South Wales during which they formed the Cave Diving Group. Wookey Hole once more became the focus of diving activities. In addition to exploration, the early divers found a lot of archaeological material.

As the divers penetrated deeper into the cave, the need for penetration below 9 m (the safe limit of oxygen diving) became more urgent, and the first attempt with an early aqualung nearly ended in tragedy. Following this incident, the group concentrated on the use of semi-closed circuit rebreathers with oxygen/nitrogen mixtures (nitrox) suitable for the depth. In 1960 the way forward at Wookey Hole was found at a depth of 21 m, using 60/40 O2/N2. Rebreathers were also used successfully in South Wales, Derbyshire and Yorkshire.

Accomplishments
During the 60s, with the abandonment of National Service, there was an increase in caving activity by the post-war population bulge. Readily available commercial scuba equipment was adapted to cave diving. The process was accelerated by the Cave Diving Group's publication of "Cave Diving on Air" by Mike Boon and the formation of the Independent Cave Diving Group.

Divers began to dive deeper and further, and inevitably there were tragedies. Two innovations were introduced in the interest of safety. Separate cylinders, each one with an independent demand valve; and the adoption of the "Rule of Thirds": one third in, one third out, with one third kept as a safety reserve.

In the early days of cave diving in the UK there was always the hope of finding a way into the cave for the benefit of dry cavers. Amongst these must be mentioned Swildon's Hole, Stoke Lane Slocker, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu II and Little Neath River Cave.

Progress and development of equipment and techniques have always come in phases, and with this progress, although still hoping to discover dry caves, came diving of a purely exploratory nature. This has led to advances at Wookey Hole and Cheddar Gorge caves in Somerset.

In Derbyshire a great deal of effort has produced significant discoveries in the Peak Cavern/Speedwell Cavern system. In South Wales many kilometres of Daren Cilau were first trodden by cave divers; and the link with Elm Hole and Pwll y Cwm was another major feat.

In the north of England, divers have made discoveries such as Boreham Cave, Notts Pot II and the connection between Gaping Gill and Ingleborough Cave and that between Gavel Pot and Pippikin Pot. Keld Head in Kingsdale has been the scene of operations over many years and the 2000 m dive through from Kingsdale Master Cave represented a world standard. Later the dive was started from King Pot in the same cave system, a different route with a distance of 3050 m.

In Ireland CDG members dived the connection between Noon's Hole and Arch Cave, and between Prod's Pot and Cascades Rising and between Polloughabo and Polbehan.

Several expeditions have connected two or more caves together. This tendency to explore water filled caves has been extended abroad to such places as the Bahamas, where there are flooded ocean blue holes. These have been explored by British divers since the early 1980s; several have been connected. CDG members have been active in exploring many sites in Europe and further afield, often using or pioneering the cutting edge of technology.

Organisation and purpose
The Cave Diving Group operates under a federal structure comprising four regionally based sections located in the major caving districts of Britain: Somerset, Welsh, Derbyshire and Northern, each with its own Secretary, Treasurer and Training Officer. These are governed loosely by a Central Committee which comprises national officers which oversees the running of the Group and liaises with other bodies.

The Cave Diving Group has traditionally not actively recruited members – a position adopted early on in its history when the availability of training and equipment was scarce. Likewise, owing to early fatalities in the sport, cave divers in the United Kingdom (unlike other areas of the world) have usually been represented by cavers who wished to dive. It is a condition of qualification as a cave diver within the CDG that the candidate is an experienced caver as well as a skilled cave diver.

A candidate for membership applies to one of the regional sections, making themselves and their experience known to members. They must be over 18 years old and in good health, never having suffered from epilepsy. Training is provided on a regional basis with national training camps under a loose mentoring system. Final election to qualification is carried out by the candidate's peers - other diving members of the section.

The Group also welcomes non-diving members who wish to be associated with its activities; they receive all publications, may attend all meetings but pay a reduced subscription. Of great importance is the Group's role in publishing information about exploration by members (and others) and developments in cave diving techniques. The Group produces a quarterly newsletter and a training manual. Sump Indices are available for each cave diving region (Somerset, Wales, Derbyshire & Northern) of Great Britain which summarise diving activities from Group members and non-members over many years. The newsletter is free to members and on sale to the public as are all the other publications.

Members of the CDG are sometimes called upon to assist in cave rescue, particularly of cavers trapped by flood waters, such as the Alpazat cave rescue in Mexico in 2004 and the Tham Luang cave rescue in Thailand in 2019.

Awards
Mike 'Fish' Jeanmaire was Chairman of the CDG for thirty years. Following his death in November 2010 the 'Fish Award' was created. This is awarded annually to a member who has made a significant contribution to the CDG. Whilst the nature of the contribution is not precisely defined, the guiding principle is that the individual should have served the CDG rather than any other organisation or themselves.
 * 2012 Fish Award: John Buxton
 * 2013 Fish Award: John Cordingley
 * 2014 Fish Award: Clive Westlake
 * 2015 Fish Award: Andrew Ward
 * 2016 Fish Award: Duncan Price
 * 2017 Fish Award: David Ryall
 * 2018 Fish Award: David Brock
 * 2019 Fish Award: Rob Murgatroyd
 * 2020 Fish Award: Helen Farr
 * 2021 Fish Award: Dany Bradshaw
 * 2022 Fish Award: Colin Hayward
 * 2023 Fish Award: Paul Whybro

title: Cave Diving Group


text:
New Zealand Māori rugby league team

New Zealand Māori rugby league team is a rugby league representative side made up of New Zealand Māori players. The side represents the New Zealand Māori Rugby league. Like its union counterpart, the rugby league team previously competed in international competitions.

With some controversy, the team participated in the 2000 World Cup as Aotearoa Māori. The Super League International Board had agreed to give a place in their World Cup to the New Zealand Māori team as they attempted to gain allies during the Super League war. Despite that World Cup not taking place, the Rugby League International Federation repeated the offer for the 2000 World Cup when it replaced the Super League International Board following the end of the dispute.

History
A New Zealand Māori team first toured overseas in 1908 when they visited Australia. This tour was a success, and was followed by another tour to Australia in 1909 and to Great Britain in 1910. The first game of international rugby league on New Zealand soil was between the Māori and the touring Great Britain Lions of 1910.

A separate body, the Māori Rugby League Board of Control, was formed in 1934 to administer the game in Māori communities. This governing body was later renamed the Aotearoa Māori Rugby League and in 1992 it was registered as an incorporated society.

The Māori have had a wonderful record of beating international touring teams over the years. In 1983 they visited Britain and a side containing future Kiwis stars like Hugh McGahan, Dean Bell and Clayton Friend proved too strong for the amateur opposition they played. For many years, the Māori have competed in the Pacific Cup alongside other teams with a strong presence of New Zealand–based players—Samoa, Tonga and the Cook Islands, so they thought it was right they should have the opportunity to follow these teams to the World Cup. The invitation to the Māori to take part in the 2000 World Cup came about as a result of promises made to them by the defunct Super League International Board at the height of the Super League war that tore the game apart in the southern hemisphere.

The Māori team has participated in the Pacific Cup (since 1974), Super League's 1997 Oceania Cup, Papua New Guinea 50th Anniversary (1998), 2000 World Cup, World Sevens Qualification (2003) and Pacific Rim (2004) competitions.

The Maori competed against Indigenous Dreamtime team on 26 October 2008 as the curtain raiser to the first match of the 2008 World Cup. The Māori team lost 34–26.

In 2010, the Maori team played England at Mt. Smart Stadium in Auckland before the 2010 Rugby League Four Nations in New Zealand. After trailing 18–0 at halftime, the Maori came back to draw the match at 18–all. In October 2013, the side faced the touring Murri Rugby League Team in a two–game series. The Maori side, featuring NRL players Charlie Gubb, Sam Rapira and Bodene Thompson, won the first game 48–18 at Davies Park, Huntly. The second game was played at Puketawhero Park, Rotorua and was won by the Maori side, 32–16.

In October 2014, the team will travel to Australia to play against the Queensland Maori team at Owen Park, Southport and the Murri Rugby League Team at BMD Kougari Oval, Wynnum.

In 2018 they took part in the NRL Festival of Indigenous Rugby League held in Redfern Sydney against the First Nation Goannas, they were beat 22–16 in a thrilling finish.

Jerseys
Primary Alternative

2013 squad
Team Name Rohe

1. Zebastion Luisi, Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) – Howick Hornets.

2. Thyme Nikau, Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) – Howick Hornets

3. Hiwaroa Grant, Te Arawa (Bay of Plenty) – Taniwharau

4. Rusty Bristow, Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) –    Papakura Sea Eagles

5. Ryan Gordon, Tauranga Moana (Coastline) – Otumoetai Eels

6. Cruz Rauner, Taranaki (Taranaki) – Waitara Bears

7. Cody Walker, Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) –     Mount Albert Lions

8. Chris Fox, Waikato Maori (Waikato) – Taniwharau

9. Zach Tippins, Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) –      Mount Albert Lions

10. Jay Pukepuke, Te Waipounamu (Canterbury) –          Halswell Hornets

11. Rulon Nutira, Te Waipounamu (Canterbury) –          Hornby Panthers

12. Arden McCarthy, Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) –      Pt Chevalier Pirates

13. Dylan Moses, Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) –      Pt Chevalier Pirates

14. Chance Tauri, Te Awa Kairangi (Wellington) – Te Aroha Eels

15. Tama Kaha, Te Awa Kairangi (Manawatu) – Levin Wolves

16. Tony Tuia, Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) – Howick Hornets

17. Dominic Bartells, Te Awa Kairangi (Wellington) –      Wainuiomata Lions

Coach: Darren Pirini, Tamaki Makaurau        (Auckland)

2019 NRL Harvey Norman All–Stars
The 2019 All Stars match was the eighth annual representative exhibition All Stars match of Australian rugby league. The match was played between the Indigenous All Stars and the Māori All Stars for the first time, the match was played in Victoria's AAMI Park. The Indigenous All Stars won 34–14

2024 Professional Player Pool
NRL
 * Jesse Arthars (Brisbane Broncos)
 * Jordan Riki (Brisbane Broncos)
 * Reece Walsh (Brisbane Broncos)
 * Xavier Willison (Brisbane Broncos)
 * Corey Harawira-Naera (Canberra Raiders)
 * Sebastian Kris (Canberra Raiders)
 * Danny Levi (Canberra Raiders)
 * Trey Mooney (Canberra Raiders)
 * Hohepa Puru (Canberra Raiders)
 * Jordan Rapana (Canberra Raiders)
 * Pasami Saulo (Canberra Raiders)
 * Ethan Strange (Canberra Raiders)
 * Joe Tapine (Canberra Raiders)
 * Matt Timoko (Canberra Raiders)
 * Hayze Perham (Canterbury Bulldogs)
 * Zane Tetevano (Canterbury Bulldogs)
 * Jackson Topine (Canterbury Bulldogs)
 * Tuku Hau Tapuha (Cronulla Sharks)
 * Mawene Hiroti (Cronulla Sharks)
 * Royce Hunt (Cronulla Sharks)
 * Briton Nikora (Cronulla Sharks)
 * Jesse Bromwich (Dolphins)
 * Kenny Bromwich (Dolphins)
 * Jeremy Marshall-King (Dolphins)
 * Kodi Nikorima (Dolphins)
 * Valynce Te Whare (Dolphins)
 * Erin Clark (Gold Coast Titans)
 * Sosefo Fifita (Gold Coast Titans)
 * Alofiana Khan-Pereira (Gold Coast Titans)
 * Keenan Palasia (Gold Coast Titans)
 * Nelson Asofa-Solomona (Melbourne Storm)
 * Joe Chan (Melbourne Storm)
 * Jack Howarth (rugby league) (Melbourne Storm)
 * Jahrome Hughes (Melbourne Storm)
 * Reimis Smith (Melbourne Storm)
 * William Warbrick (Melbourne Storm)
 * Dane Gagai (Newcastle Knights)
 * Kalyn Ponga (Newcastle Knights)
 * Leo Thompson (Newcastle Knights)
 * Tohu Harris (New Zealand Warriors)
 * Chanel Harris-Tavita (New Zealand Warriors)
 * Te Maire Martin (New Zealand Warriors)
 * Charnze Nicoll-Klokstad (New Zealand Warriors)
 * Adam Pompey (New Zealand Warriors)
 * Jazz Tevaga (New Zealand Warriors)
 * Dylan Walker (New Zealand Warriors)
 * Dallin Watene-Zelezniak (New Zealand Warriors)
 * Valentine Holmes (North Queensland Cowboys)
 * Jordan McLean (North Queensland Cowboys)
 * Jamayne Taunoa-Brown (North Queensland Cowboys)
 * Daejarn Asi (Parramatta Eels)
 * Haze Dunster (Parramatta Eels)
 * Wiremu Greig (Parramatta Eels)
 * Morgan Harper (Parramatta Eels)
 * Bailey Simonsson (Parramatta Eels)
 * James Fisher-Harris (Penrith Panthers)
 * Jarome Luai (Penrith Panthers)
 * Jesse McLean (Penrith Panthers)
 * Jacob Gagai (South Sydney Rabbitohs)
 * Taane Milne (South Sydney Rabbitohs)
 * Zach Dockar-Clay (Sydney Roosters)
 * Joseph Manu (Sydney Roosters)
 * Brandon Smith (Sydney Roosters)
 * Jared Waerea-Hargreaves (Sydney Roosters)
 * Starford To'a (Wests Tigers)

Super League
 * Jayden Nikorima (Catalan Dragons)
 * Esan Marsters (Huddersfield Giants)
 * Pita Hiku (Hull Kingston Rovers)
 * James Bell (St Helens R.F.C.)
 * Zane Musgrove (Warrington Wolves)
 * Tiaki Chan (Wigan Warriors)

Coaches
Also see Category:New Zealand Māori rugby league team coaches

Win percentage is rounded to one decimal place.

 * Key

G: Games played W: Matches won D: Matches drawn L: Matches lost

title: New Zealand Māori rugby league team


text:
Talk:1976 United States presidential election

Morris Udall
Morris Udall gave the Carter campaign a fight for the nomination. Udall finished second in the New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, New York, Michigan, South Dakota, and Ohio primaries, and won the caucuses in his home state of Arizona, while running even with Carter in the New Mexico caucuses. Udall finished a distant second place to Carter at the Democratic National Convention, where his name was placed in nomination by Archibald Cox, and Udall's speech received great applause from his supporters. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.126.179.253 (talk) 00:38, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Washington state faithless elector
Why did an Elector from Washington state vote for Ronald Reagan? SchmuckyTheCat (talk) 03:04, 22 June 2019 (UTC)

Urban cities
"1976 was the last presidential election in which Democrats relied on the New Deal Coalition that composed of labor unions in urban cities..." What is "urban cities" supposed to mean? Cities are "urban" by definition. Jah77 (talk) 14:46, 26 December 2021 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Damiarch

Damiarch
More minor starcraft storyline bits. --fvw *  22:43, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * Delete this cruft. Wyss 23:14, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Cdc 01:30, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del Mikkalai 02:35, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete the starcruft! hfool 03:42, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: starcruft. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:02, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Aldaris

Aldaris may refer to:

 * Aldaris, a character from StarCraft
 * Aldaris Brewery, a brewery in Latvia

title: Aldaris


text:
The Golem (Meyrink novel)

The Golem (original German title: Der Golem) is a novel written by Gustav Meyrink between 1907 and 1914. First published in serial form from December 1913 to August 1914 in the periodical Die Weißen Blätter, The Golem was published in book form in 1915 by Kurt Wolff, Leipzig. The Golem was Meyrink's first novel. It sold over 200,000 copies in 1915. It became his most popular and successful literary work, and is generally described as the most "accessible" of his full-length novels. It was first translated into English in 1928.

Plot
The novel centers on the life of Athanasius Pernath, a jeweler and art restorer who lives in the ghetto of Prague. But his story is experienced by an anonymous narrator, who, during a visionary dream, assumes Pernath's identity thirty years before. This dream was perhaps induced because he inadvertently swapped his hat with the real (old) Pernath's. While the novel is generally focused on Pernath's own musings and adventures, it also chronicles the lives, the characters, and the interactions of his friends and neighbors. The Golem, though rarely seen, is central to the novel as a representative of the ghetto's own spirit and consciousness, brought to life by the suffering and misery that its inhabitants have endured over the centuries.

The story itself has a disjointed and often elliptical feel, as it was originally published in serial form and is intended to convey the mystical associations and interests that the author himself was exploring at the time. The reality of the narrator's experiences is often called into question, as some of them may simply be dreams or hallucinations, and others may be metaphysical or transcendent events that are taking place outside the "real" world. Similarly, it is revealed over the course of the book that Pernath apparently suffered from a mental breakdown on at least one occasion, but has no memory of any such event; he is also unable to remember his childhood and most of his youth, a fact that may or may not be attributable to his previous breakdown. His mental stability is constantly called into question by his friends and neighbors, and the reader is left to wonder whether anything that has taken place in the narrative actually happened.

Main characters

 * Athanasius Pernath: the ostensible protagonist, a jeweler who resides in the ghetto of Prague
 * The Golem: while connected with the Golem legend of Rabbi Judah Loew, the Golem is cast as a sort of gestalt entity, a physical manifestation of the ghetto's inhabitants' collective psyche, as well as of the ghetto's own "self".
 * Schemajah Hillel: a wise and gentle Jewish neighbor of Pernath, learned in the Torah and Talmud; serves as a protector and instructor for Pernath as the jeweler begins to walk the path of mysticism.
 * Miriam: Hillel's compassionate and noble daughter.
 * Aaron Wassertrum: another of Pernath's neighbors, this one a junk dealer and possibly a murderer. He is the antithesis of Hillel, embodying all of the then-popular negative stereotypes surrounding Jews.
 * Rosina: a 14-year-old red-haired prostitute and neighbor of Pernath, apparently a relation of Wassertrum though no one is ever able to determine what kind; described by Pernath as repulsive, but figures prominently as the object of men's desires and is promiscuous.
 * Innocence Charousek: a consumptive, poverty-stricken student consumed with hatred for Wassertrum and his son, Dr. Wassory.
 * Zwakh: a puppeteer; Pernath's friend and landlord.
 * Amadeus Laponder: Pernath's cellmate in prison. He is a somnambulist who in his sleep assumes the role of various people of the ghetto, allowing Pernath to communicate with the outside world.
 * Dr. Savioli: a wealthy neighbor of Pernath's who rents a room in the ghetto from Zwakh; there he carries on illicit affairs with married women.

Minor characters

 * The Regiment
 * Dr. Wassory
 * Angelina

Reception
In his "Supernatural Horror in Literature" essay, H. P. Lovecraft said the novel is one of the "best examples" of Jewish folklore inspired weird fiction. Also, in a letter, he called it, "[t]he most magnificent weird thing I've come across in aeons!"

Dave Langford reviewed The Golem for White Dwarf #80, and stated that "It's the sort of nightmare you might have after an evening of too much lobster and Kafka. Very strange."

The Guardian writer David Barnett said in his article about the novel that it is "one of the most absorbing, atmospheric and mind-boggling slices of fantasy ever committed to print," and "[a] century after its first publication, The Golem endures as a piece of modernist fantasy that deserves to take its place alongside Kafka."

English translations
Since The Golem was first published in German, there have been at least three translations into English:
 * Madge Pemberton (1928): First published by Houghton Mifflin Co. and Victor Gollancz Ltd. Published by Mudra in 1972. Published by Dover Publications in 1976. Published by Dedalus Ltd in 1985. Published by Centipede Press in 2012.
 * Mike Mitchell (1995): First published by Ariadne Press. Published by Dedalus Ltd in 2000. Published by Tartarus Press in 2004. Published by Folio Society in 2010.
 * Isabel Cole (2007): Published by Vitalis.

The Dover Publications edition was edited by E. F. Bleiler, who made some alterations to Pemberton's translation.

Adaptation for film and theatre
The novel was the basis for the following movies:
 * Golem, directed by Piotr Szulkin, made in 1979, released in 1980.
 * Le Golem (1967), film for television directed by Jean Kerchbron

The novel was adapted for the theatre by Daniel Flint, and received a world premiere in 2013.

However, it was not the basis for three films of the same title by Paul Wegener, which, rather, adapt the original Golem legend:
 * The first, The Golem, directed by Paul Wegener, filmed in 1914, released in 1915, has been lost;
 * The second, The Golem and the Dancing Girl, directed by Paul Wegener, filmed in 1917, has been lost;
 * The third, The Golem: How He Came into the World, directed by Paul Wegener, made in 1920, survives;

Nor was it the basis for the operas of Eugen d'Albert (Der Golem (opera)) or Nicolae Bretan (Golem (Bretan opera)).

title: The Golem (Meyrink novel)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Synonymize

Synonymize
Dictdef and neologism, I suggest we delete eliminate this article. --fvw *  22:46, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * Delete, neologism (another example of someone trying to make their mark on the English language via mirrored wikis). Wyss 23:13, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del Mikkalai 02:35, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Codeczero 03:07, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fazed

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Fazed
Non-notable website promotion. Orphaned article. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 22:48, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC) - i forgot to sing my name and why the heck is the page still here Fledgeling 05:39, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 22:48, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, ad. Wyss 23:12, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete --fvw *  23:27, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * Fare ye well. Delete—Trevor Caira 23:29, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fazed


text:
User:Flavioes~enwiki

Flavioes = Flavio que vive no Espirito Santo - Brasil. Isso mesmo, vive la em Vila velha e e dentista

title: User:Flavioes~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Adam Hovey

Adam Hovey
Vanity/not notable. No google hits for supposed band "Heroin Humming Bird" (in any spelling). Seems to be only 15 years old, at that. --Fastfission 22:54, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete, not notable. --fvw *  22:50, 2004 Dec 18 (UTC)
 * Delete, nice try. Wyss 23:10, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Goodbye—Trevor Caira 23:28, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * If this a vote, it will not be counted. Mikkalai 02:35, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del Mikkalai 02:35, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Urokinase

Urokinase, also known as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is a serine protease present in humans and other animals. The human urokinase protein was discovered, but not named, by McFarlane and Pilling in 1947. Urokinase was originally isolated from human urine, and it is also present in the blood and in the extracellular matrix of many tissues. The primary physiological substrate of this enzyme is plasminogen, which is an inactive form (zymogen) of the serine protease plasmin. Activation of plasmin triggers a proteolytic cascade that, depending on the physiological environment, participates in thrombolysis or extracellular matrix degradation. This cascade had been involved in vascular diseases and cancer progression.

Urokinase is encoded in humans by the PLAU gene, which stands for "plasminogen activator, urokinase". The same symbol represents the gene in other animal species.

Function
The PLAU gene encodes a serine protease involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and possibly tumor cell migration and proliferation. A specific polymorphism in this gene may be associated with late-onset Alzheimer disease and also with decreased affinity for fibrin-binding. The protein encoded by this gene converts plasminogen to plasmin by specific cleavage of an Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. This gene's proprotein is cleaved at a Lys-Ile bond by plasmin to form a two-chain derivative in which a single disulfide bond connects the amino-terminal A-chain to the catalytically active, carboxy-terminal B-chain. This two-chain derivative is also called HMW-uPA (high molecular weight uPA). HMW-uPA can be further processed into LMW-uPA (low molecular weight uPA) by cleavage of chain A into a short chain A (A1) and an amino-terminal fragment. LMW-uPA is proteolytically active but does not bind to the uPA receptor.

Structure
Urokinase is a 411-residue protein, consisting of three domains: the serine protease domain (consisting of residues 159–411), the kringle domain (consisting of residues 50-131), and the EGF-like domain (consisting of residues 1-49). The kringle domain and the serine protease domain are connected by an interdomain linker or connecting peptide (consisting of residues 132–158). Urokinase is synthesized as a zymogen form (prourokinase or single-chain urokinase), and is activated by proteolytic cleavage between Lys158 and Ile159. The two resulting chains are kept together by a disulfide bond between Cys148 and Cys279.

In comparison to the mammalian system, zebrafish (Danio rerio) contains two orthologs of urokinase which have been characterised as zfuPA-a and zfuPA-b. zfuPA-a differs from the mammalian uPA by lacking an exon sequence encoding for the uPAR (urokinase receptor) binding domain; while the zfuPA-b lacks two cysteines of the epidermal growth factor-like domain. zfuPA-b also has no binding activity in fish white blood cells or fish cell lines. The uPAR binding in mammalian system is essential for the activity of urokinase and uPAR as it also functions as an adhesion receptor due to its affinity to vitronectin, integrins and other proteases like PAI-1. The lack of the uPAR binding region in zebrafish uPA, suggests that zebrafish uPA functions without uPAR binding.

Interaction partners
The most important inhibitors of urokinase are the serpins plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), which inhibit the protease activity irreversibly. In the extracellular matrix, urokinase is tethered to the cell membrane by its interaction to the urokinase receptor.

uPa also interacts with protein C inhibitor.

zfuPA-a and zfuPA-b are poor activators of human plasminogen, while human uPA is a poor activator of salmon plasminogen. With the primary difference between the zebrafish uPA and human uPA being in the EGF domain.

Urokinase and cancer
Elevated expression levels of urokinase and several other components of the plasminogen activation system are found to be correlated with tumor malignancy. It is believed that the tissue degradation following plasminogen activation facilitates tissue invasion and, thus, contributes to metastasis. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is more commonly associated with cancer progression than tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). This makes uPA an attractive drug target, and, so, inhibitors have been sought to be used as anticancer agents. However, incompatibilities between the human and murine systems hamper clinical evaluation of these agents. Moreover, urokinase is used by normal cells for tissue remodeling and vessel growth, which necessitates distinguishing cancer-associated urokinase features for specific targeting.

uPA breakdown of the extracellular matrix is crucial for initiating the angiogenesis which is associated with cancer growth.

uPA antigen is elevated in breast cancer tissue, which correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. For this reason, uPA can be used as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer.

Through its interaction with the urokinase receptor, urokinase affects several other aspects of cancer biology such as cell adhesion, migration, and cellular mitotic pathways.

As of December 7, 2012, Mesupron (upamostat), a small molecule serine protease inhibitor developed by the WILEX pharmaceutical company, has completed phase II trials. Mesupron appears to be safe when combined with chemotherapeutic drug Capecitabine for the progression-free survival in human breast cancer.

Clinical applications
Urokinase is effective for the restoration of flow to intravenous catheters blocked by clotted blood or fibrin (catheter clearance). Catheters are used extensively to administer treatments to patients for such purposes as dialysis, nutrition, antibiotic treatment and cancer treatment. Approximately 25% of catheters become blocked, meaning that affected patients cannot receive treatment until the catheter has been cleared or replaced. Urokinase is also used clinically as a thrombolytic agent in the treatment of severe or massive deep venous thrombosis, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, pulmonary embolism, acute myocardial infarction (AMI, heart attack), and occluded dialysis cannulas (catheter clearance). It is also administered intrapleurally to improve the drainage of complicated pleural effusions and empyemas. Urokinase is marketed as Kinlytic (formerly Abbokinase) and competes with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (e.g., alteplase) as a thrombolytic drug.

All plasminogen activators (urokinase, tPA) catalyze the production of plasmin, which in turn leads to the breakdown of the fibrin mesh structure in blood clots. While there are commonalities in the mode of action for urokinase and tPA, urokinase has some advantages for treatment of peripheral clots (Pulmonary Embolism, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Peripheral arterial occlusive disease).

Unlike tPA, which is activated by binding to the fibrin within clots, urokinase is not sequestered by fibrin and therefore does not specifically attack hemostatic clots. This makes urokinase less likely to break down such hemostatic clots that are essential for ongoing blood vessel repair throughout the body. Dissolution of these “good” clots can lead to serious adverse events through hemorrhagic bleeding. Years of clinical study have confirmed the safety advantage of using urokinase. Consequently, urokinase has been preferentially used in deep venous thrombosis and peripheral arterial occlusive disease where it is administered directly to the site of the clot while tPA is preferred in AMI where peripheral bleeding is a secondary consideration.

A revolutionary method for the production of urokinase was patented by Evelyn Nicol in 1976 (U.S. Patent No. 3,930,944). Nicol was believed to be the first African American woman to receive a molecular biology patent.

Society and culture
The presence of a fibrinolytic enzyme in human urine was reported in 1947, without a name given for such an enzyme behind its effect. In 1952 a purified form of the enzyme was extracted from human urine and named "urokinase" for "urinary kinase". The full text for this article is lost, and the only citation points to the abstract of a list of papers read at a conference in the same journal. A few other papers on the purification were published independently around the same time. By 1960, it was still unclear whether the activation of plasminogen has anything to do with a protease, but a kinase is thought to play a role regardless.

title: Urokinase


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User talk:Sicking

Hello Sicking, welcome to Wikipedia!

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Andre ( talk )A| 22:51, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)

Splitting space
It would be great to get your opinions on making space the disambiguation page for the subject. See here. Thanks Andeggs (talk) 21:57, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sicking


text:
List of lakes of Estonia

This is a list of lakes (including reservoirs) in Estonia.

All lakes
List is incomplete

title: List of lakes of Estonia