text:
USS Queen of the West

The USS Queen of the West was a sidewheel steamer ram ship and the flagship of the United States Ram Fleet and the Mississippi Marine Brigade. It was built at Cincinnati, Ohio in 1854. It served as a commercial steamer until purchased by Colonel Charles Ellet Jr. in 1862 and converted for use as a ram ship. The ship operated in conjunction with the Mississippi River Squadron during the Union brown-water navy battle against the Confederate River Defense Fleet for control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries during the American Civil War.

The ship played a critical role in the Union Navy victory at the First Battle of Memphis and sank the Confederate flagship CSS Colonel Lovell. In actions south of Vicksburg, Mississippi, she severely damaged the CSS City of Vicksburg and captured four transport ships supplying Confederate forces.

On February 14, 1863, the USS Queen of the West was captured by Confederate forces on the Red River, repaired and returned to service as the CSS Queen of the West. Together with the CSS Webb, it was used to force the surrender of the USS Indianola on the Mississippi River.

On April 11, 1863, she was attacked and destroyed on the Atchafalaya River by the USS Estrella, USS Calhoun and USS Arizona.

Service as USS Queen of the West
The Queen of the West was built in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1854 and served as a commercial steamer. She was purchased by Charles Ellet, Jr. in 1862 due to her speed and converted for usage as a ram ship. The hull was reinforced, the forward end filled with hard oak wood, the steam-engine secured and the pilot house protected by thick wooden planks. Three longitudinal bulkheads were added and supported with iron bars. A central beam was installed from bow to stern and iron peaks were installed on the bow. A large ornamental "Q" was installed in the support cables between the twin chimney stacks. She was originally not equipped with any guns. The Queen of the West was designated as Colonel Ellet's flagship of the United States Ram Fleet.

On May 25, the Queen of the West and the ram fleet joined the Mississippi River Squadron, led by Charles H. Davis, on the Mississippi River north of Fort Pillow. Davis had little faith in the effectiveness of the rams but allowed the fleet to accompany his gunboats down the river to Memphis.

First Battle of Memphis
On June 6, Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr. led the ram ships in the First Battle of Memphis as captain of the Queen of the West. Ellet had not coordinated a plan of attack with Davis and when the flotilla approached Confederate forces, the Queen of the West and the USS Monarch steamed ahead of Davis' gunboats. The Queen of the West rammed and sank the Confederate flagship CSS Colonel Lovell. After the collision, the Queen of the West came under attack from the CSS Sumter and the CSS Beauregard. The attack sheared off one of the paddle wheels from the Queen of the West and forced her to ground on the riverbank. Ellet was wounded in the knee by a Confederate sharpshooter during the battle. His wound was the only serious casualty received on the Union side during the battle. Ellet died 15 days from a blood infection due to the injury. Ellet's brother, Alfred W. Ellet took command of the ram fleet and his son Charles Rivers Ellet became captain of the Queen of the West.

Actions near Vicksburg
On July 15, the Queen of the West, USS Carondelet (1861), and USS Tyler (1857) engaged the Confederate ironclad ram CSS Arkansas in the Yazoo River. The Arkansas was heavily damaged but escaped into the Mississippi and took refuge under the Confederate batteries at Vicksburg, Mississippi. On July 22, Queen of the West and USS Essex (1856) attacked Arkansas, despite the batteries at Vicksburg. The Queen of the West rammed the Arkansas but inflicted only minor damage and rejoined the Mississippi River Squadron ships above Vicksburg.

The Queen of the West continued to support operations against Vicksburg. On September 19, while escorting two transport barges, the Queen of the West had a short engagement with Confederate infantry and artillery on the Mississippi River above Bolivar, Mississippi. The Queen of the West also conducted operations in the Yazoo River clearing mines and engaging Confederate batteries.

In November 1862, the Mississippi Marine Brigade, an amphibious raiding unit, was organized by Alfred W. Ellet. The ram fleet including the Queen of the West was incorporated as a part of the brigade. On November 5, Charles Rivers Ellet was promoted to the rank of colonel and assigned command of the ram fleet.

On December 12, 1862, the Queen of the West was one of the ships that accompanied the USS Cairo up the Yazoo River. The Cairo was struck by a 'torpedo' or naval mine and began to sink rapidly. The Queen of the West was able to rescue part of the crew from the Cairo before it sank.

On February 2, 1863, Charles Rivers Ellet was ordered by Admiral David Dixon Porter to run the Queen of the West past the batteries at Vicksburg, Mississippi to support Admiral David Farragut below the city. The boat was equipped with a 30-pounder bow gun, three 12-pounder howitzers, cotton bales and wooden sheathing for protection. Ellet intended to "run the gauntlet" of Vicksburg by cover of night, however delays resulted in passage of the guns at daybreak. The guns at Vicksburg fired for 50 minutes straight. The Queen of the West took 12 hits and lost a gun but made it past the batteries with minimal damage. The run provided the Union forces with insight as to where the guns at Vicksburg were positioned.

Once past the batteries, the Queen of the West found the City of Vicksburg docked, rammed her, and set her ablaze with turpentine-soaked balls fired from the forward gun. The City of Vicksburg was severely damaged but not destroyed. The Queen of the West had to disengage before destroying the City of Vicksburg due to enemy fire which set the cotton bales aboard the Queen of the West ablaze.

The Union forces supplied the Queen of the West with fuel by floating an unmanned coal barge filled with 20,000 bushels of coal past the Vicksburg batteries at night. The barge went unnoticed by the Confederate forces and floated downriver 10 miles before being intercepted by the Queen of the West. The barge provided the Queen of the West with enough fuel to continue her mission.

On February 3, the Queen of the West captured three Confederate transport ships - the CSS A.W. Baker, CSS Moro and CSS Berwick Bay. The Moro was empty of cargo since it had just dropped off supplies at Port Hudson, Louisiana. The other two ships were laden with food supplies headed toward Vicksburg.

The Queen of the West rendezvoused with the De Soto and on February 12, both ships went down the Atchafalaya River to Simmesport, Louisiana in search of Confederate forces. The crew went ashore, destroyed all supplies found and looted the residential area. On the way back up the Mississippi River, the Queen of the West received Confederate gun fire and the 1st mate was injured. In retaliation, Ellet and his crew burned three plantations that were believed to be the residences of those that injured the 1st mate.

Loss of the Queen of the West
On February 14, the Queen of the West and De Soto went up the Red River and captured the steamboat Era No. 5 carrying 4,500 bushels of corn. The Queen of the West continued upstream to investigate reports of steamships at Gordon's Landing near Marksville, Louisiana. She came under heavy fire by the shore batteries of Fort DeRussy and was run aground onto the right bank by her pilot instead of backing down river as ordered. She was directly in the sight of Confederate guns, which pounded her until Ellet ordered "abandon ship". Ellet and the crew escaped and floated downstream on bales of cotton and were rescued by the De Soto. The Queen of the West was not burned out of concern for the 1st mate, who was wounded and could not be moved. The USS Queen of the West was captured, repaired and re-entered into service as the CSS Queen of the West by the Confederate forces.

Service as CSS Queen of the West
In conjunction with the Confederate ram, CSS Webb, she forced the surrender of USS Indianola (1862) in the Mississippi River below Vicksburg on February 24. On April 11, 1863, she was attacked on the Atchafalaya River in Louisiana by Union ships USS Estrella (1862), USS Calhoun (1851), and USS Arizona (1858). A shell from Calhoun set fire to Queen of the West 's cotton, and her burning wreck drifted down the river for several hours before she grounded and exploded. 90 members of the Confederate crew were captured and 26 killed.

title: USS Queen of the West


text: Category:Leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:Shahirshamsir

It's alive!!!! briefly, I am a Phd Student from Malaysia, residing Exeter,UK. Originally from Johor.. hence the uber contribution to anything Johor related. My main aim is to collect bits and bobs about Johor so that it will be a comprehensive collection available to everyone using WIKI... gonna take ages. I would like to start on Malay WIKI but I need to practise on my English.. maybe after I have completed my work and returned home in summer 2005..

'''I read stuffs.. you know books, papers, pdf, etc'''

 * molecular dynamics simulations
 * transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
 * visualisation software
 * protein structure
 * anything Bioinformatics but unashamedly Linux newbie.... only recently rescued from the MS darkside... still shadows of the past reside in my inner sanctum....

Career reading lists/stuffs/areas.. I need to teach mind you..

 * As above
 * Bioremediation
 * Biomedicine stuff
 * Waste management

Non career reading lists/stuffs/areas

 * comparative religion
 * Islamic resurgence
 * the Crusades
 * Intelligent design
 * capitalism and globalisation
 * history of science
 * Etymology of the malay language

I am
 * micro-evolutionist creationist
 * pro-caliphate yet anti-terrorism
 * globalist anti-capitalist

Favorite authors
 * Karen Amstrong
 * Ziauddin Sardar
 * Paul Davies
 * John Gribbin
 * Michael Denton
 * Michael Behe
 * William Dembski
 * Robert Fisk
 * George Monbiot
 * John Pilger

A reminder for myself

"If it had been your Lord's Will, they would all have believed, all who are on earth! Will you then compel mankind, against their will, to believe?!  No soul can believe, except by the Will of Allah" (Qur'an 10:99)

p.s You guys doing your phd's.... get EndNotes or similar, indispensable I tell you....

More to come...

Hello
Needyour help at Votes for deletion/Johor Bahru City Square and Votes for deletion/Medical Specialist Centre. Intruded bu User:Gtabary.

User:Chan Han Xiang, 17:06 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks.
 * Voted on the article. I think it should be merged as I consider it as a local landmark. After all, 'malu lah' to 'kecoh' about it.

title: User:Shahirshamsir


text:
Talk:List of Iranian ambassadors under President Khatami

Untitled
Please write down those names in alphabetical order.--Sina 21:17, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It would be less confusing if we sort them by country/organisation name rather than family name. --Pouya 09:49, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Hunter Liggett

Hunter Liggett (March 21, 1857 − December 30, 1935) was a senior United States Army officer. His 42 years of military service spanned the period from the Indian campaigns to the trench warfare of World War I. Additionally, he also identified possible invasion sites in Luzon, particularly Lingayen Gulf, which were used during World War II in 1941 by the Japanese and in 1945 by the United States.

Early life
Liggett was born on March 21, 1857, in Reading, Pennsylvania. He attended, and later graduated, from the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York, as a second lieutenant in 1879. Among his classmates included several general officers of the future, such as William D. Beach, John S. Mallory, James A. Irons, Lloyd M. Brett, Albert L. Mills, John A. Johnston, Henry A. Greene, Frederick S. Foltz and Samuel W. Miller.

After his graduation, he was assigned to the 5th Infantry, where he served in both the Montana and Dakota territories, as well as Texas and Florida, during which time he reached the rank of captain.

Liggett's field service in the American west, the Spanish–American War, and the Philippine–American War honed his skills as a military leader. In 1907, he assumed command of a battalion of the 13th Infantry Regiment at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. From 1909 to 1914, he served as student, faculty member, and president at the Army War College, receiving a promotion to brigadier general in February 1913.

Liggett's services in the Philippines included setting up a staff ride in 1914 to study possible invasion sites on Luzon. He was assisted in this by his aide-de-camp, Captain George C. Marshall. The staff ride established that the most likely invasion route would be through Lingayen Gulf and that this would be all but unstoppable unless the US dramatically increased its army and navy forces in the Philippines. In 1941, the Japanese invaded through Lingayen Gulf, as the United States did in turn in 1945.

World War I
Success in brigade commands in Texas and in the Philippines led to his promotion to major general, and selection as commander of the 41st Division in April 1917. The division served in France as part of the American Expeditionary Force. When his division was disestablished, he took command of I Corps.

Under Liggett's leadership, the I Corps participated in the Second Battle of the Marne and in the reduction of the Saint-Mihiel salient. In October 1918, as commander of the First United States Army with the rank of lieutenant general in the national army, he directed the final phases of the Meuse-Argonne offensive and the pursuit of German forces until the armistice. After commanding the post-war Army of Occupation, Liggett returned to his permanent rank of major general, and retired in 1921.

Throughout most of this period, Liggett's aide-de-camp was James Garesche Ord, a major general in World War II.

Retirement and death
Liggett wrote about his war time experiences in A.E.F.: Ten Years Ago in France (1928). In 1930, Congress passed a law permitting World War I general officers to retire at the highest rank they had held, and Liggett was promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list. He died December 30, 1935, in San Francisco, California, and is interred at the San Francisco National Cemetery.

Military honors

 * American awards
 * Foreign awards

Army Distinguished Service medal citation
"The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. As Commander of the 1st Army of the American Expeditionary Forces, General Liggett commanded the 1st Army Corps and perfected its organization under difficult conditions of early service in France, engaged in active operations in reduction of the Marne salient and of the St. Mihiel salient, and participated in the actions in the Forest of Argonne; in command of the 1st Army when German resistance was shattered west of the Meuse."
 * Citation

Other honors
In his honor, the United States Army named a base on California's central coast, Fort Hunter Liggett.

Liggett Hall is a regimental-sized barracks building constructed at Fort Jay on Governors Island in New York Harbor. Completed in 1930, it was thought to be the largest building constructed by the U.S. Army and was the largest structure built under the supervision of the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps. It was superseded by the Pentagon, constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1943.

The USS Hunter Liggett (APA-14) was a passenger ship that was transferred to the Army and renamed Hunter Liggett in February 1939. The ship transported personnel and supplies until May 27, 1941, when she was turned over to the Navy. Converted to Navy use at Brooklyn Navy Yard, she re-commissioned as AP-27 June 9, 1941, and then again reclassified APA-14 February 1, 1943, for the United States Coast Guard.

Dates of rank
Source: Army Register, 1931

title: Hunter Liggett


text:
HMS Ambuscade (1913)

HMS Ambuscade was an Acasta-class destroyer of the Royal Navy and was launched in 1913. She served throughout the First World War, forming part of the Grand Fleet and taking part at the Battle of Jutland, serving in the Dover Patrol and spending the latter part of the war as a convoy escort. She was sold for scrapping in 1921.

Construction
Ambuscade was one of three Acasta-class destroyers ordered from John Brown & Company of Clydebank as part of the 1911–1912 shipbuilding programme for the Royal Navy. In all, 20 Acasta-class ships were ordered as part of this programme, of which 12, including Ambuscade, were to the standard Admiralty design with the other eight ships to their builder's own designs. She was laid down, as yard number 411, on 7 March 1912 and launched on 25 January 1913. In 1912, as part of a general reorganisation of the Royal Navy's destroyers into alphabetical classes, the Acastas became the K class, and in 1913, it was decided to switch to names beginning with the class letter, with Ambuscade being allocated the name Keith, but this plan was abandoned for the class and Ambuscade completed under her original name in June 1913.

Ambuscade was 260 ft long between perpendiculars and 267 ft overall, with a beam of 27 ft and a draught of 10 ft. Displacement was 892 LT normal and 1072 LT deep load. Four Yarrow boilers fed steam to direct drive Brown-Curtis steam turbines rated at 24500 shp and driving two shafts. This gave a speed of 29 kn. The ships had a crew of 73 officers and ratings.

The ship's main gun armament consisted of three 4 in BL Mk VIII guns, with 120 rounds of ammunition carried per gun. Two 21 in torpedo tubes were fitted, while two reload torpedoes could be carried. The ship was fitted with a 2-pounder "pom-pom" anti-aircraft autocannon during the First World War, while in 1918 the torpedo tubes (and possibly one of the 4-inch guns) was removed to allow a heavy depth charge armament to be carried.

Service
On commissioning, Ambuscade, with her sister ships, joined the 4th Destroyer Flotilla of the Royal Navy Home Fleet, based at Portsmouth. On the outbreak of the First World War, the 4th Flotilla, including Ambuscade, became part of the Grand Fleet.

On 15 December 1914, German battlecruisers, supported by the battleships of the main German High Seas Fleet set out on a raid against the coastal towns of Scarborough, Whitby and Hartlepool, with the intent of drawing out units of the British Grand Fleet, where they could be engaged by the battleships of the High Seas Fleet. The British, aware from radio intercepts that the Germans were planning a raid with their battlecruisers (but not that they were supported by the whole of the High Seas Fleet), sent out the battlecruiser squadron under Vice Admiral David Beatty with four battlecruisers and the Second Battle Squadron, commanded by Vice Admiral Sir George Warrender, with six battleships, to oppose the raid. Ambuscade was one of seven destroyers that sailed in support of the British battlecruiser squadron. At 05:15 on 16 December, the lead ship of the British destroyers, HMS Lynx (1913), spotted a German destroyer, SMS V155 (part of the screen of the High Seas Fleet) and set off with the other destroyers in pursuit of the German ship. In a brief exchange of fire, V155 hit Lynx twice, with Lynx turning away due to a jammed propeller, and then hit Ambuscade once below the waterline, forcing her to drop out of line with heavy flooding. Clashes between the British destroyers and the destroyers and cruisers of the High Seas Fleet's screen continued, causing further serious damage to Lynx and to HMS Hardy (1912), but the encounters caused Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl, fearing that the whole Grand Fleet was at sea, to withdraw.

On 21 April 1916, the Grand Fleet sailed on a sortie where it would patrol off the Danish coast with the intention of distracting German attention from Russian minelaying operations in the Baltic Sea. Heavy fog was encountered, however, and Ambuscade was involved in a collision with the destroyers HMS Ardent (1913) and Hardy, with Ardent being damaged severely enough that she had to be towed stern first back to port, while collisions also occurred between the battlecruisers HMAS Australia (1911) and HMS New Zealand (1911), and between the battleship HMS Neptune (1909) and a neutral merchant ship.

Ambuscade took part in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May/1 June 1916, sailing under the command of Commander Gordon A. Coles as one of 19 ships of the 4th Destroyer Flotilla in support of the Grand Fleet. During the fleet action on the evening of 31 May, the 4th Flotilla was deployed on the port side of the battleships of the Grand Fleet, on the unengaged side. During the night, the 4th Flotilla, including Ambuscade, took part in a series of attacks against the escaping German fleet. In the first attack (at about 23:30 hr), the flotilla encountered German battleships and cruisers, with the flotilla leader HMS Tipperary (1915) being badly damaged by German shells (mainly from the battleship SMS Westfalen) and later sinking, while HMS Spitfire (1912) collided with the German battleship SMS Nassau and the German cruiser SMS Elbing was rammed by the battleship SMS Posen, with Elbing later being scuttled. None of the nine torpedoes fired by the 4th Flotilla in that attack hit. Shortly afterwards (about 23:50), the flotilla, now led by HMS Broke (1914) again encountered the same group of battleships and cruisers. Broke was badly damaged by fire from the cruiser SMS Rostock and Westfalen, and collided with the destroyer HMS Sparrowhawk (1912), which was also rammed by HMS Contest (1913) and was later scuttled. Rostock was hit by a single torpedo, fired by Ambuscade or Contest, and was also later scuttled. At about 00:10 hr, a third attack was made, with HMS Fortune (1913) being sunk and HMS Porpoise (1913) being damaged, with none of the five torpedoes fired by the British destroyers, including Ambuscade's last, striking home. By now, the flotilla had completely split up, but was to lose a fourth ship when Ardent, mistaking the German ships for British ships, was sunk by fire from German battleships.

The 4th Flotilla, including Ambuscade, left the Grand Fleet and moved to the Humber in July 1916, with the role of protecting British minesweepers and deterring German minelayers off the East coast of England. Late in the year, in a response to the Battle of Dover Strait, where a raid by German torpedo boats on the Dover Strait resulted in the loss of the destroyer HMS Flirt (1897), several drifters, it was decided to strengthen British naval forces in the English Channel. The 4th Flotilla was transferred to Portsmouth for anti-submarine operations while Ambuscade was one of five destroyers that were transferred from the 4th to the 6th Destroyer Flotilla, part of the Dover Patrol, to reinforce the defences of the Dover Strait. Ambuscade joined the 6th Flotilla on 21 November 1916. On the night of 25/26 February 1917, German torpedo boats attempted another raid against the Dover Barrage and Allied shipping in the Dover Straits, with one flotilla attacking the Barrage and a half flotilla of torpedo boats operating off the Kent coast. Ambuscade was one of a group of destroyers and cruisers protecting shipping anchored in the Downs. The German force sent against the Downs was spotted near the north entrance to the Downs, prior to shelling Margate and Westgate-on-Sea. While the division of ships including Ambuscade sortied against this force, they did not manage to find the German force. The southern German force withdrew following an exchange of gunfire with the destroyer HMS Laverock (1913). Ambuscade was again part of the force protecting the Downs when the Germans raided again on the night of 17/18 March 1917. Again, the German plan involved multiple attacks, against the Dover Barrage and off the Kent coast. The destroyer HMS Paragon (1913) was sunk during the German attack against the Barrage, with HMS Llewellyn (1913) being torpedoed but surviving when investigating the attack. The northern German force torpedoed and sunk a merchant ship (SS Greypoint) anchored outside the entrance to the Downs, and then shelled Ramsgate and Broadstairs before withdrawing. They were spotted by the British torpedo boat HMS TB 4 (1906) which signaled for help, summoning the naval force protecting the Downs, including Ambuscade, but again the German force managed to escape without being engaged.

On 4 April 1917 Ambuscade left the 6th Flotilla, rejoining the 4th Flotilla, now based at Devonport and employed on convoy escort duties. On 14 May 1918, Ambuscade, on patrol with HMS Christopher (1912) and HMS Cockatrice (1912), detected a possible submarine contact with her hydrophone. She and Cockatrice attacked with depth charges with no apparent result. Ambuscade was still part of the 4th Destroyer Flotilla in August 1918, but by the end of the war had joined the Northern Patrol Force based at Dundee. By June 1919, Ambuscade had been reduced to reserve at Devonport.

Disposal
She was sold for scrap to Petersen & Albeck of Denmark on 6 September 1921.

title: HMS Ambuscade (1913)


text: File:Martin Luther and Catherina von Bora.jpg


text:
Blue Shirts

The term "Blue Shirts", when used by itself, can refer to several organizations,

Politics

 * The American National Blue Shirt Minutemen
 * The British Fascists
 * The Blueshirts, the paramilitary wing of the National Unity Party (Parti National Social Chrétien du Canada)
 * The Chinese Blue Shirts Society
 * Blue shirt, typical uniform for the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed Israeli youth organization
 * The Free German Youth, the official socialist youth movement of the German Democratic Republic and the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
 * The French groups:
 * Mouvement Franciste
 * Solidarité Française
 * The Irish Blueshirts
 * National Syndicalists (Portugal)
 * The Romanian Lăncieri
 * The Falange Militia
 * The Egyptian Blue Shirts (al-Qumsan al-zarqa'), a junior movement of the Wafd Party
 * The Blueshirts (Italian Nationalist Association)
 * National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden), version of the SA that had blue shirts

Sports

 * The Toronto Blueshirts
 * "Broadway Blueshirts" or simply "Blueshirts", a common nickname for the New York Rangers
 * in American college sports, a colloquial designation for a walk-on assumed to eventually obtain a scholarship; derivative of redshirt

Other

 * Les Tuniques Bleues, a Belgian comic about the American Civil War
 * Derogatory term for Transportation Security Administration Agents comparing them to the Nazi Brown Shirts

title: Blue Shirts


text:
C. Walton Lillehei

Clarence Walton Lillehei (October 23, 1918 – July 5, 1999), was an American surgeon who pioneered open-heart surgery, as well as numerous techniques, equipment and prostheses for cardiothoracic surgery.

Background
Clarence (often called "Walt") Lillehei was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Clarence Ingvald Lillehei (1892-1973) and Elizabeth Lillian (Walton) Lillehei (1891-1973). He attended West High School in Minneapolis in 1935. He attended the University of Minnesota at the age of 17. He earned 4 degrees at the University of Minnesota, including his B.S. (with distinction) in 1939, his M.D. (Alpha Omega Alpha) in 1942, his M.S. in physiology in 1951, and his Ph.D. in surgery in 1951.

Career
In 1944, Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins Hospital began successfully performing surgery on the great vessels around the heart to relieve the symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot, demonstrating that heart surgery could be possible. Lillehei participated in the first successful surgical repair of the heart on 2 September 1952. That historic operation, using hypothermia, was led by his longtime friend and colleague, F. John Lewis. Lillehei was a professor in the Department of Surgery at the University of Minnesota from 1951 to 1967.

However, hypothermia, gave only a relatively brief time, up to 10 minutes, during which surgery could be performed and was therefore not suited for complex congenital defects within the heart. To resolve this problem, Lillehei performed operations using cross-circulation, in which a donor was hooked up nearby to take up the pumping and oxygenation functions of the patient who was being operated on. Using this technique, Lillehei led the team that performed successful repair of a ventricular septal defect on March 26, 1954. Although the repair was successful, the patient, 13-month-old Gregory Glidden, died 11 days later of suspected pneumonia. Lillehei and his team continued to use cross-circulation for a total of 44 open-heart operations in the following year, of which 32 patients survived. These operations included the first repairs of the atrioventricular canal and tetralogy of Fallot. In July of that year, a successful operation was performed on patient Michael Eugene Shaw of Litchfield, Minnesota.

Lillehei cooperated with Professor Moshe Gueron and Professor Morris J. Levy, who were both considered among "The Cardiology Founders of Israel" by doing the first cardiac puncture catheterization, which was used on 80 patients in 1964.

In 1958, Lillehei was responsible for the world's first use of a small, external, portable, battery-powered pacemaker. It was invented at his behest by Earl Bakken, whose then-small company, Medtronic, designed and repaired electronics for the University of Minnesota hospital. After the introduction of the first widely used prosthetic heart valves by Albert Starr in 1961, Lillehei also developed and implanted several innovative designs: the Lillehei-Nakib toroidal disc (1966), the Lillehei-Kaster pivoting disc (1967), and the Kalke-Lillehei rigid bileaflet prosthesis (1968).

As a dedicated educator, Lillehei trained more than 150 cardiac surgeons from 40 nations, including Norman Shumway and Christiaan Barnard, who formed half of the quartet which pioneered heart transplantation (the others being Richard Lower and Adrian Kantrowitz). In 1967, he was appointed Lewis Atterbury Stimson professor and chairman of the surgery department at Cornell Medical Center, New York. He returned to St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1975, where he became the director of medical affairs at St. Jude Medical. He was also named a clinical professor in the Department of Surgery at the University of Minnesota.

Honors
Lillehei's honors include the Bronze Star for World War II service in Italy, the 1955 Lasker Award, the Order of Health Merit Jose Fernandez Madrid by the government of Colombia in 1959, the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1968, induction in 1993 into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame, and the 1996 Harvey Prize in Science and Technology. In 1966-67, he served as president of the American College of Cardiology.

Personal life
In 1946, Lillehei was married to Katherine Ruth (Lindberg) Lillehei (1921-2012) with whom he had four children. Following his death in 1999, he was buried at the Fort Snelling National Cemetery.

His youngest brother, Richard C. Lillehei, was a notable transplant surgeon in his own right, having participated in the world's first successful transplant of a pancreas in 1966 and the first known human transplant of the small and large intestines.

Other sources

 * Borghi L. (2015) "Heart Matters. The Collaboration Between Surgeons and Engineers in the Rise of Cardiac Surgery". In: Pisano R. (eds) A Bridge between Conceptual Frameworks. History of Mechanism and Machine Science, vol 27. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 53-68
 * Cooper, David (2010) Open Heart: The Radical Surgeons who Revolutionized Medicine (Kaplan Publishing)    ISBN 978-1607144908
 * Goor, Daniel A. (2007) The Genius of C. Walton Lillehei and The True History of Open Heart Surgery (Vantage Press) ISBN 9780533155576
 * Miller, G. Wayne  (2000) King of Hearts, The true story of the maverick who pioneered the open heart surgery  (Times Books) ISBN 9780307557247

title: C. Walton Lillehei


text: User talk:131.162.146.14

title: User talk:131.162.146.14


text:
Talk:Fiscal year

Why does the financial year start from april? not match the calendar year?
I want to know that why financial year starts from month of april? not from the January? Is there any link between this and starting of acadermic year?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Shivaaprs (talk • contribs) 14:18, 21 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Firstly, why? There is no particular reason they should coincide.
 * Secondly, it is impractical to have the fiscal year change-over in the middle of summer, or during major religious festivals, when people tend to be on holiday. (Especially, when parliament or whatever ruling body is on holiday.)
 * And remember that some countries aren't in the northern hemisphere. Martin Kealey (talk) 04:48, 23 February 2018 (UTC)

Ethiopia FY
Ethiopia's FY is listed as only 9 months: 11 September to June. However, Economy of Ethiopia (infobox) states that it is 8-7 July. Wikiain (talk) 16:30, 16 April 2019 (UTC)
 * The date in this page was the incorrect one. I have updated it with CIA factbook data. – Ammarpad (talk) 16:48, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

Fiscal year in the Philippines
When does the fiscal year start in the Philippines? —Jencie Nasino (talk) 02:39, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

Should Business and Organizations be a higher level element?
As of this writing, the ToC reads as:

 * 3. Operation in various countries/region
 * 3.1. Afghanistan
 * 3.49. United Kingdom
 * 3.50. United States
 * 3.50.1. Federal government
 * 3.50.2. State governments
 * 3.51. Vietnam
 * 3.51.1. Businesses and organizations
 * 4. See also
 * 4. See also

But this implies to me that "Businesses and Organizations" are specifically those operating in Vietnam, which I don't believe is the case. Should "Businesses and Operations" be a top level item? Presumably Item 4, moving 'See also' to Item 5?

Alternatively, I also wonder if that "Businesses and Organizations" is only for US companies, so perhaps it should be 3.50.3?

VxJasonxV (talk) 17:07, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

Redundancy
Is it necessary to have one-line subsections for each of the countries that has a fiscal year corresponding to the calendar year, especially when that information is already shown in the table? The sections on countries like the US, the UK, India, and Australia, where there's a bit of nuance and history, are obviously informative and helpful. 159.196.229.87 (talk) 15:01, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fiscal year


text: User talk:82.209.149.178

title: User talk:82.209.149.178


text:
Modal frame

A modal frame in music is "a number of types permeating and unifying African, European, and American song" and melody. It may also be called a melodic mode. "Mode" and "frame" are used interchangeably in this context without reference to scalar or rhythmic modes. Melodic modes define and generate melodies that are not determined by harmony, but purely by melody. A note frame, is a melodic mode that is atonic (without a tonic), or has an unstable tonic.

Modal frames may be defined by their:

 * floor note: the bottom of the frame, felt to be the lowest note, though isolated notes may go lower,
 * ceiling note: the top of the frame,
 * central note: the center around which other notes cluster or gravitate,
 * upper or lower focus: portion of the mode on which the melody temporarily dwells, and can also defined by melody types, such as:
 * chant tunes: (Bob Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues")
 * axial tunes: ("A Hard Day's Night", "Peggy Sue", Marvin Gaye's "Can I Get A Witness", and Roy Milton's "Do the Hucklebuck")
 * oscillating: (Rolling Stones' "Jumpin' Jack Flash")
 * open/closed: (Bo Diddley's "Hey Bo Diddley")
 * terrace
 * shout-and-fall
 * ladder of thirds

"Chel-sea" football crowd chant: minor third.

Further defined features include:
 * melodic dissonance: the quality of a note that is modally unstable and attracted to other more important tones in a non-harmonic way
 * melodic triad: arpeggiated triads in a melody. A non-harmonic arpeggio is most commonly a melodic triad, it is an arpeggio the notes of which do not appear in the harmony of the accompaniment.
 * level: a temporary modal frame contrasted with another built on a different foundation note. A change in levels is called a shift.
 * co-tonic: a melodic tonic different from and as important as the harmonic tonic
 * secondary tonic: a melodic tonic different from but subordinate to the harmonic tonic
 * pendular third: alternating notes a third apart, most often a neutral, see double tonic

Shout-and-fall
Shout-and-fall or tumbling strain is a modal frame, "very common in Afro-American-derived styles" and featured in songs such as "Shake, Rattle and Roll" and "My Generation".

"Gesturally, it suggests 'affective outpouring', 'self-offering of the body', 'emptying and relaxation'." The frame may be thought of as a deep structure common to the varied surface structures of songs in which it occurs.

Ladder of thirds

A ladder of thirds (coined by van der Merwe 1989, adapted from Curt Sachs) is similar to the circle of fifths, though a ladder of thirds differs in being composed of thirds, major or minor, and may or may not circle back to its starting note and thus may or may not be an interval cycle.

Triadic chords may be considered as part of a ladder of thirds.

It is a modal frame found in Blues and British folk music. Though a pentatonic scale is often analyzed as a portion of the circle of fifths, the blues scale and melodies in that scale come "into being through piling up thirds below and/or above a tonic or central note."

They are "commonplace in post-rock 'n' roll popular music – and also appear in earlier tunes". Examples include The Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night", Buddy Holly's "Peggy Sue" and The Who's "My Generation", Ben Harney's "You've Been A Good Old Wagon" (1895) and Ben Bernie et al.'s "Sweet Georgia Brown" (1925).

Example
The modal frame of The Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night" features a ladder of thirds axially centered on G with a ceiling note of B♭ and floor note of E[♭] (the low C being a passing tone):

According to Middleton, the song, "at first glance major-key-with-modal-touches", reveals through its "Line of Latent Mode" "a deep kinship with typical blues melodic structures: it is centred on three of the notes of the minor-pentatonic mode [on C: C, E-flat, F, G, B-flat] (E♭-G-B♭), with the contradictory major seventh (B♮) set against that. Moreover, the shape assumed by these notes – the modal frame – as well as the abstract scale they represent, is revealed, too; and this – an initial, repeated circling round the dominant (G), with an excursion to its minor third (B♭), 'answered' by a fall to the 'symmetrical' minor third of the tonic (E♭) – is a common pattern in blues."

title: Modal frame


text:
Wychwood Brewery

Wychwood Brewery was a brewery in Witney, Oxfordshire, England, owned by Marston's. Hobgoblin, a 5.2% abv brown ale, was the company's flagship brand.

Wychwood Brewery produced around 50,000 barrels (8,200,000 L) of cask ale each year, and was the United Kingdom's largest brewer of organic ales. Wychwood filtered and bottled beers are exported all over the world by their export partners Sovereign Beverage Company, to countries including North America, Germany, Sweden, France, Australia, Russia, Japan, Israel and Singapore. The brewery was known for its character-based label artwork, inspired by the myths and legends surrounding the ancient Wychwood Forest.

Carlsberg Marston’s Brewing Company (CMBC) closed the brewery in November 2023.

History
The brewery is sited at the old Eagle Maltings, built in 1841 to malt barley for Clinch's brewery which had an estate of seventy-one pubs in Southern England. In 1961, Courage bought Clinch's for its pub estate and closed down the brewery.

In 1983, part of the original Clinch's Eagle Brewery site was rented by Paddy Glenny, but named the brewing company Glenny Brewery. Chris Moss took his interest in exchange for a debt from Paddy and took over after Paddy Kenny moved away. In 1990, the Eagle was renamed the Wychwood Brewery after the ancient Wychwood Forest which borders Witney, at the same time the brewery moved to the Two Rivers Industrial estate still in Witney. In 1994 the brewery was moved back to the site taking on more of the old site. The brewery was taken over in 2002 by Refresh UK, a subsidiary of Marston's. Marston's then bought Refresh and Wychwood Brewery outright in 2008. Marston's brewing operations, including Wychwood Brewery, were merged into Carlsberg Marston’s Brewing Company in 2020.

In September 2023 Carlsberg Marston’s Brewing Company announced its proposal to close Wychwood Brewery in November 2023 in order to "consolidate our brewing network" amid an "incredibly competitive" UK ale market and a "turbulent economic outlook". At the time of the announcement the brewery employed six people. In November 2023 the closure went ahead as announced.

Hobgoblin
Hobgoblin was the best-known and most popular beer brewed at Wychwood Brewery and was created by Chris Moss. It continues to be marketed in the wake of Wychwood Brewery's closure. It is 5.2% abv in bottles, 4.5% in cans and 4.5% (previously 5.0%, and before that 5.6%, and originally 6.5%) on cask, and is described by Wychwood as a "Ruby beer". Jeremy Moss, Wychwood's head brewer, describes the drink as "full bodied and well balanced with a chocolate toffee malt flavour, moderate bitterness and a distinctive fruity character with a ruby red glow". It was the first bottled beer in the UK to feature an illustrated label, as opposed to a simple text-based one, and it is currently the second best-selling bottled ale in the UK.

During a meeting at the 2010 G-20 Toronto summit, Prime Minister David Cameron and President Barack Obama gave each other bottles of beer from their respective home towns/cities, with Cameron presenting Obama with twelve bottles of Hobgoblin, which is brewed in his Witney constituency. In return Obama gave Cameron 24 bottles of Goose Island beer, from Goose Island Brewery. The President remarked that he would drink his beer chilled, as opposed to the optimal room temperature (15.5 °C/59.9 °F) at which strong ale should be drunk, prompting Wychwood to create a T-shirt in their online store reading "What's the matter Obama, afraid you might taste something?".

King Goblin
King Goblin, essentially a stronger and more flavourful variety of Hobgoblin, is a 6.6% abv "Special Reserve" ale. To date it is available bottled in Asda, Sainsburys, Morrisons and Tesco supermarkets, Draeger's supermarkets in the US, in "Broken English" shops in Berlin, and on draught during "real ale" festivals at Wetherspoons pubs.

Brakspear
Wychwood took over the brewing of the newly acquired Brakspear beers in October 2002. The new Brakspear brewery was integrated into an expansion of the Wychwood plant, and includes parts of the copper (boiling vessel), as well as some of the fermenting vessels which themselves had been refurbished at Henley. There was only one brewhouse at Witney but two separate fermenting rooms for the separate Wychwood and Brakspear beers. The original Brakspear brewery site in Henley was converted into a boutique hotel.

Hatherwood
Using the name Hatherwood Brewery, Wychwood brewed beers exclusively for the supermarket Lidl. These include:
 * Golden Goose
 * Ruby Rooster
 * Green Gecko
 * Amber Adder
 * Purple Panther (porter, 5% ABV)
 * Gnarly Fox
 * Total Legend (golden ale, 4.5% ABV)

title: Wychwood Brewery


text:
User talk:Malanc

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:25, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Malanc


text:
Baykok

The baykok (or pau'guk, paguk, baguck; bakaak in the Ojibwe language and pakàk in the Algonquin language) is a malevolent spirit from the mythology of the Ojibway nation.

In traditional culture
The Baykok is a character from the Anishinaabe aadizookaan (traditional stories). It is said to fly through the forests of the Great Lakes region. The cries of Baykok are also described as being shrill. Described as "Death" in The Song of Hiawatha, it is said to appear as an extremely emaciated skeleton-like figure, with thin translucent skin and glowing red points for eyes. The Baykok only preys upon warriors, but does so ruthlessly, using invisible arrows or beating its prey to death with a club. The Baykok, after paralyzing or killing its prey, then devours the liver of its victim. Baykok was also said to approach a sleeping hunter, gently cut an opening in the chest and remove a piece of the stomach, without waking the victim.

The word bakaak in the Anishinaabe language means "skeleton" in the sense of "bones draped in skin" rather than "bare-bones", such that it lends itself to words like bakaakadozo, meaning "to be thin/skinny/poor", and bakaakadwengwe, meaning "to have a lean/thin face". The name Bakaak occasionally appears as Bekaak (reflected in English as "Baykok"), which may be a shortening of bekaakadwaabewizid, meaning "an extremely thin being".

The description of Bakaak's shrill cries (bagakwewewin, literally meaning "clear/distinct cries") is a pun of its name. The method the Bakaak uses to subdue its victim is another pun of its name: the word for "to beat using a club" is baagaakwaa'ige. A similar construct is found in the name for the basketry splints called baagaako'igan, prepared by pounding black ash. Yet another pun on the name is the way the Bakaak "flings its victim's chest open" (baakaakwaakiganezh) to devour the victim's liver.

In popular culture
First introduced to the non-Anishinaabe public through The Song of Hiawatha, the baykok is occasionally referenced in modern fiction. Elliot James' novel Daring features a bakaak which hunts werewolves.

The Bakaak is depicted as a race of primordial homonins that preyed upon early humans in Gemma Files's short story Grave Goods.

The Baykok also appears in the Japanese franchise of role-playing games Megami Tensei, in the first two installments of the Shin Megami Tensei series as a demon enemy.

Baykok is depicted in the Minecraft mod Totemic, where it is a skeleton boss with high health and a powerful bow that fires invisible arrows, and must be summoned using a ritual.

The Baykok is a variety of undead creature in the Pathfinder RPG.

title: Baykok


text:
User talk:Amelia Hunt

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:26, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
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Hello. You don't need to write stiff upper lip (disambiguation) ; it suffices to write stiff upper lip (disambiguation). Similarly, you can write hyphenated, Australian, dogs, logical, etc., and the whole word, not merely the part in square brackets, will appear as a clickable link, and if you click on it, it will go to the article whose name is in the brackets. The vertical slash between the brackets may be used for such things as " the 19th and 20th centuries ", etc. Michael Hardy 00:45, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Also, please don't capitalize an initial letter just because it's in a section heading, i.e., you should write

Journawiki
Hi, I wonder if you might be interested in a possible new wiki about journalism. A discussion is at User:Maurreen/Journalism Maurreen 19:26, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Amelia Hunt


text:
IPUMS

IPUMS, which originally stood for Integrated Public Use Microdata Series but no longer abbreviates anything, is the world's largest individual-level population database. IPUMS consists of microdata samples from United States (IPUMS-USA) and international (IPUMS-International) census records, as well as data from U.S. and international surveys. The records are converted into a consistent format and made available to researchers through a web-based data dissemination and analysis system.

IPUMS is housed at the Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation (ISRDI), an interdisciplinary research center at the University of Minnesota, under the direction of Professor Steven Ruggles.

Description
IPUMS includes all persons enumerated in the United States Censuses from 1850 to 2020 (though, the 1890 census is missing because it was destroyed in a fire) and from the American Community Survey since 2000 and the Current Population Survey since 1962. IPUMS includes household-level data for United States Censuses from 1790 to 1840, due to the first six censuses only including the name of the head of household, with tallied household totals following. IPUMS provides consistent variable names, coding schemes, and documentation across all the samples, facilitating the analysis of long-term change.

IPUMS-International includes countries from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America for 1960 forward. The database currently includes more than a billion individuals enumerated in 365 censuses from 94 countries around the world. IPUMS-International converts census microdata for multiple countries into a consistent format, allowing for comparisons across countries and time periods. Special efforts are made to simplify use of the data while losing no meaningful information. Comprehensive documentation is provided in a coherent form to facilitate comparative analyses of social and economic change.

Additional databases in the IPUMS family include the:

 * North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP)
 * IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS)
 * IPUMS Health Surveys
 * IPUMS Global Health
 * IPUMS Time Use

The Journal of American History described the effort as "One of the great archival projects of the past two decades." Liens Socio, the French portal for the social sciences, gave IPUMS the only “best site” designation that has gone to any non-French website, writing “IPUMS est un projet absolument extraordinaire...époustouflante [mind-blowing]!”

The official motto of IPUMS is "use it for good, never for evil." All IPUMS data and documentation are available online free of charge.

title: IPUMS


text:
User talk:Romana03

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:26, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
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Thanks for the welcome and the hints :)  Romana

title: User talk:Romana03


text:
User:Solidus~enwiki

Snaaaaaaaaaaaake!

title: User:Solidus~enwiki


text:
User talk:Wterrell

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, please be sure to sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes (~~~~) to produce your name and the current date, or three tildes (~~~) for just your name. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:27, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
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 * If you're ready for the complete list of Wikipedia documentation, there's also Topical index.

Untagged images
Hi! Thanks for uploading all those Mannlicher images. I notice they currently don't have image copyright tags. Could you add them to let us know the images' copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. The images are: Thanks so much, – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 14:55, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Image:1894 barrel.sized.jpg
 * Image:1894 mannlicher1.sized.jpg
 * Image:1894 mannlicher3.sized.jpg
 * Image:1894 mannlicher4.sized.jpg
 * Image:1894 mannlicher5.sized.jpg
 * Image:1894 mannlicher6.sized.jpg
 * Image:1901AustrianMannlicher1a.jpg
 * Image:1901AustrianMannlicher2.jpg
 * Image:1901AustrianMannlicher3.jpg
 * Image:1901AustrianMannlicher4.jpg
 * Image:1901MannlicherBreech.jpg
 * Image:1901MannlicherNumbers.jpg
 * Image:1901MannlicherStamps.jpg
 * Thanks for getting back with me! I've tagged them all. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 03:30, Feb 26, 2005 (UTC)

-

Hello Wterrel. It's me again. There are a bunch of other images I see you've uploaded. Looks like mostly diagrams of handguns. I was wondering where they all came from. Here's the new list:

 * Image:With tactical.jpg
 * Image:Barrel asmby.jpg
 * Image:Barrel assy.jpg
 * Image:Receiver blowup.jpg
 * Image:Receiver Assy.jpg
 * Image:Blow up.jpg
 * Image:M1894 page 189.jpg
 * Image:M1894 page 188.jpg
 * Image:M1894 page 186.jpg
 * Image:Page 214.jpg
 * Image:Page 216.jpg
 * Image:Page 218.jpg

They look like they're from a book, but which one? In general, if you can provide that information when you upload the pictures, it makes it easier for us. For now, just let me know and I'll take care of them. (If the images aren't tagged, they'll have to be deleted.) Thanks, – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 21:45, Feb 28, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the detailed reply! – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 04:52, Mar 5, 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Berettaweaver.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Berettaweaver.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Night Gyr 23:05, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Weaverbrowning20.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Weaverbrowning20.JPG. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Night Gyr 23:05, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Weaverwin70.JPG
Thanks for uploading Image:Weaverwin70.JPG. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then there needs to be an argument why we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then it needs to be specified where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, consider reading fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, consider checking that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Night Gyr 23:05, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:2006625134924 kilroy.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:2006625134924 kilroy.gif. Wikipedia gets hundreds of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. 19:04, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

Encyclopedia
I am uncertain why you have decided to rant about typos on my user talk page. Is this about the Stargate:Atlantis deletion debate? Because that's the only place I remember talking about whether something is encyclopedic or not. Also, please sign your comments on my talk page so I know who is talking. Thanks.--K e rowyn Leave a note 22:21, 4 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The deleted material you refer to was removed as part of the cleanup effort. The pictures were nice, but redundant. We don't need images of the gun from every angle. Primary source material shouldn't be quoted in full in Wikipedia. Wikisource would be a good place for that, as long as it's open domain. And since it is an army report, I assume it is. Then we could add a transwiki link to the source material. --K e rowyn Leave a note 23:41, 4 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Perhaps my linguistic skills aren't perfect, but I'd like to work with you to improve this article to a standard we can both agree with. Would you like to place the Armory report in Wikisource? --K e rowyn Leave a note 02:34, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

Image:Barrel asmby.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Barrel asmby.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

 * 1) Go to the image description page and edit it to add
 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. --– Quadell (talk) (random) 19:37, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

Re: Arpiuka
Are you talking about the WikiProject Indigenous peoples of North America template? That is supposed to go on the talk pages of articles dealing with that subject. It doesn't need to have content on the talk page to have it included. The content on Ar-pi-uck-i (Sam Jones) is still there, so I'm not sure what you meant by, "I see your template but the content of the article is deleted" when there wasn't any content on the talk page in the first place.  on camera (t)  22:06, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Ar-pi-uck-i
Hi, Wterrell. I am confused about your recent post of a complete article text to the discussion page for Ar-pi-uck-i (Sam Jones). Are you proposing this as a replacement for the current article? Did you write it yourself? -- Rob C (Alarob) 22:11, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:With tactical.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:With tactical.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. -- — fetch ·  comms   17:03, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:92G-SD.jpg
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:92G-SD.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. --Magog the Ogre (talk) 06:55, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Post 37 109 1900Left.sized.jpg
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User talk:Wricardoh~enwiki

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title: User talk:Wricardoh~enwiki


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User talk:MichaelDiederich

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:29, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
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Please take care in placing speedy deletion tags on pages. Treaty of Waitangi was being vandalised. Always check the history please. Thanks! [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 21:33, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

Germany revert...
Thanks, I'm much obliged for that. Alai 06:26, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:MichaelDiederich


text: User talk:67.123.222.2

title: User talk:67.123.222.2


text:
User talk:Unconventional

Homo unius libri
Hi, thanks for your post at my talkpage. At Homo unius libri a translation of lines from Lope de Vega is needed in a footnote. Would you be able to do it? Sorry to be misposting my call for aid! --Wetman (talk) 23:54, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I answered on my talk page. You took a good first shot; I'd do it a little differently. - Jmabel | Talk 22:45, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Thank you both! That's quite a respectable little article now. --Wetman (talk) 01:36, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Sorry about not getting back to you very quickly. I should actually have a banner that says "pops in now and then and

disappears as quickly". Sometimes bouts of insomnia strike, so then I actually get around to doing something here, but for the most part I'm on the English wiki only when I get some time outside of taking care of the Northern Sámi wikipedia (and translating one massive article on Rotavirus in the Finnish wikipedia :D). -Yupik (talk) 16:12, 17 March 2009 (UTC)

Quinion quote re McKean
That's actually a different reference, rather than a correction... but will wait and see what happens to it. Thanks for taking an interest. PamD (talk) 08:52, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Unconventional


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Maria Barroso

Maria de Jesus Simões Barroso Soares, GCL (2 May 1925 – 7 July 2015) was a Portuguese politician and actress,  wife of President of Portugal Mario Soares and First Lady of Portugal between 1986 and 1996.

Biography
Barroso was the daughter of military Alfredo José Barroso from Alvor, in Algarve, and Maria da Encarnação Simões, from Fuseta, Olhão, also in the Portuguese region of Algarve.

While at university, she performed in the National Theatre for four years but was later removed as a result of her political positions as member of the Democratic Opposition to the regime of Antonio Salazar. Even though qualified to do so, during the regimes of Salazar and Marcelo Caetano, she was forbidden to teach, even in private schools.

Maria Barroso married her university colleague Mario Soares in 1949 at the 3rd Conservatory of the Civil Register of Lisbon, while he was in the Aljube prison. They had one son, politician João Soares, born 1949, and a daughter, Isabel Barroso Soares, born 1951, who manages the Colégio Moderno in Lisbon.

Although not as politically involved as her husband, Maria Barroso was a founding member of the Socialist Party in Bad Münstereifel, Germany in 1973. She was the President of the Aristides Sousa Mendes Foundation, the Pro Dignitate Association and the head of the Portuguese Red Cross for several years.

Maria Barroso had a degree in Historical and Philosophical Sciences from the Faculty of Arts, Lisbon and the course of Dramatic Arts from the National Conservatory. She was a member of the Portuguese National Theater Company and one of the most famous theater and cinema actresses in Portugal. In April 2000 she read the poetry of Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen at the United Nations in New York in homage to Aristides Sousa Mendes. She was involved in activities aimed at supporting the areas of culture, education and family, childhood, social solidarity, female dimension, health, the integration of the disabled and the prevention of violence.

Illness and death
On 25 June 2015, Maria Barroso came under medical care at Lisbon’s Red Cross Hospital after falling at home. She was transported to the hospital by her nephew Eduardo Barroso, a well-known hepato-biliary surgeon, walking in by her own foot. An initial CT scan revealed nothing serious; however, her condition worsened during the subsequent hours, and new exams revealed an extensive intracranial hemorrhage. She entered a deep coma, and Eduardo Barroso classified the situation as "critical" and "most likely irreversible". She died in the morning of 7 July 2015.

National honours

 * Portugal
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty
 * 🇵🇹 Portugal: Recipient of the Red Cross Medal
 * Portuguese Royal Family: Honorary Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Isabel

Foreign honours

 * 🇧🇷 Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of Rio Branco (25 July 1989)
 * 🇧🇬 Bulgaria: 1st Class of the Order of the Rose (26 October 1994)
 * 🇨🇴 Colombia: Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (8 January 1991)
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark: Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog (3 August 1992)
 * 🇫🇮 Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (8 March 1991)
 * 🇫🇷 France: Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (7 May 1990)
 * 🇩🇪 Germany: Grand Cross 1st Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (9 January 1991)
 * 🇬🇷 Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Phoenix (17 May 1983)
 * 🇭🇺 Hungary: First Class of the Order of the Flag of the People's Republic of Hungary (25 November 1982)
 * 🇱🇺 Luxembourg: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau (9 January 1990)
 * 🇲🇦 Morocco: Grand Cordon of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite (20 February 1995)
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III (30 March 1988)
 * 🇸🇪 Sweden: Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star (28 January 1987)
 * 🇻🇪 Venezuela: Grand Cross of the Order of Francisco de Miranda (18 November 1987)
 * Zaire: Grand Collar of the National Order of Zaire (4 December 1989)

Awards

 * Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of Aveiro
 * Doctorate Honoris Causa by the University of Lisbon
 * Doctor Honoris Causa by Lesley College, Boston
 * Honorary Professor of the Society of International Studies, Madrid
 * Award "Impegno Per La Pace" of the Association Insieme per la Pace, Rome
 * Award "Beca" by the Colégio Mayor Zurbaran, Madrid
 * Gold Medal for Distinct Service from the League of Portuguese Firemen
 * Medal of Solidarity from CNAF
 * Silver Medal of the Alcuin Award
 * Gold Medal from FERLAP
 * Gold Medal from the City of Ovar
 * Gold Medal from the City of Olhão
 * Gold Medal from the City of Faro
 * Personality of the Year 1998 in the area of solidarity by the Magazine Revista Gente e Viagem
 * Algarvia (lady from the Algarve region) of the Year 1997 by the Association of the Algarve’s Regional Press
 * Most Elegant Woman of the Year 1998 – Magazine Revista VIP
 * Neckband of the International Academy of Portuguese Culture
 * “One in ten women of the year 1999” Prize – Brazil
 * D. Antónia Ferreira Prize
 * Prestige Prize
 * “Manus Cais” Trophy
 * “Lonely Life” Prize – Radio Central FM, Leiria

title: Maria Barroso


text:
Talk:Pulmonary embolism

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Bangabullet90. Peer reviewers: Pavikavarma.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 07:29, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis
10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.07.040 JFW | T@lk  08:02, 12 September 2019 (UTC)

European guidelines (ESC/ERS)
https://www.ers-education.org/Media/Media.aspx?idMedia=418654 JFW | T@lk  13:55, 18 September 2019 (UTC)

I was going to put the same source here, and here's a couple another ways to get there. It is free if you go to the doi link also. PDF Thanks. Biosthmors (talk) 20:44, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

 * It's a chunky document but there are some important changes to previous recommendations. For instance, CTPA is considered appropriate as a first line investigation in pregnancy, where previously VQ had the edge because of radiation dose to breasts. JFW | T@lk  22:45, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

NICE NG158
Guideline updated here. Need to review references to CG144 and replace. JFW | T@lk  09:57, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

Added
This was added:

 * Machine learning model (PERFORM) have been developed to generate a patient-specific risk score for PE by analyzing longitudinal clinical data as clinical decision support for patients referred for CT imaging for PE in order to reduce the rate of CTPA imaging. The model was tested on holdout patient EMR data from 2 large, academic medical practices. A total of 3397 annotated CT imaging examinations for PE from 3214 unique patients seen at Stanford University hospitals and clinics were used for training and validation. The models were externally validated on 240 unique patients seen at Duke University Medical Center. The comparison with clinical scoring systems was done on randomly selected 100 outpatient samples from Stanford University hospitals and clinics and 101 outpatient samples from Duke University Medical Center. The model achieved an AUROC performance of predicting a positive PE study of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.91) on intrainstitutional holdout data with an AUROC of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.69-0.72) on an external data set from Duke University Medical Center; superior AUROC performance and cross-institutional generalization of the model of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77-0.87) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.73-0.82), respectively, were noted on holdout outpatient populations from both intrainstitutional and extrainstitutional data

Not ready for prime time in the article. Needs a WP:MEDRS source at least. JFW | T@lk  20:51, 9 December 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:39, 30 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Pulm embolism.jpg

title: Talk:Pulmonary embolism


text: User talk:81.178.228.239

title: User talk:81.178.228.239


text:
Mount Pleasant station (Metro-North)

Mount Pleasant station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in Mount Pleasant, New York. It serves two adjacent cemeteries, Gate of Heaven and Kensico, the latter of which had its own station until the mid-1980s. There is one train in each direction on weekdays and three trains in each direction on weekends. The station exists largely to serve visitors of those buried in the cemetery, in turn there is no parking available at the station and it is not intended as a commuter station.

The station is located in the Zone 5 Metro-North fare zone.

On February 3, 2015, the Valhalla train crash occurred south of the station, in which a Metro-North train crashed into a Mercedes-Benz SUV at Commerce Street near the Taconic State Parkway. The crash caused 6 deaths and at least 15 injuries, including 7 serious injuries.

The station is the least used station on Metro-North, with only 13 passengers per week in 2018.

Station layout
The station has two offset high-level side platforms, each about 50 feet long, and can fit half a car. They are accessible to only one door of a train. When trains stop here, usually the first or last car receives and discharges passengers.

title: Mount Pleasant station (Metro-North)


text:
User talk:Philgp

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:32, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Philgp


text:
Talk:Born Innocent (film)

Uncut Version was Available Before DVD
Near the bottom of the article it states that the uncut version was unseen until the 2004 DVD release. This is incorrect. There were numerous budged-priced VHS versions available in the mid-1990's which contained the rape scenes intact. I am amending the paragraph to reflect this.--HillbillyProfane (talk) 23:39, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

is this yahoo-shopping-link really necessary? --Musschrott 21:32, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I was just trying to link to show that, indeed, it is on DVD. Remove it if you wish. Mike H 21:45, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

Pop v. Soda
I hate to be a nitty gritty b@$tard (one of my friends in high school was from Ohio, so believe me when I say I sympathize).... but "pop" is dialect in the mid-west with most of the rest of the country calling it "soda...." Shouldn't it be changed?

Yes, I suck, but.... eh. Juppiter

 * Yeah, that is true. Not the "you suck" part, but you know. Mike H 06:10, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * No, it's not true that most of the country says soda instead of pop. The original term is soda pop with some people now calling it pop and some soda. Pop is actually more correct with soda as the adjective and pop as the noun. Soda itself is just water. This is not the correct place to discuss it, of course. This is:.
 * I question if such details should be included at all. Just calling it a glass bottle is more than sufficient. 75.33.77.159 18:16, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Fifty years ago, Pop was your father. Language changes, but to dictate what percentage of the population uses which definition is as useful as arguing how many angles can dance on the head of a pin - for people in an area that doesn't conform to what the majority uses, the more popular will always be incorrect.  I for one am from the Midwest, grew up using "pop" lived in the mid Atlantic region while in College 25 years ago and to this day refer to Coca Cola as soda.  In Atlanta, everything is Coke - even Pepsi. Frankly I think tha the debate over whether it is soda or soda pop or pop is a inane waste of time.  Its this type of minutia or homogenization is what drove me from being a Wikipedian five years ago!  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.252.62.180 (talk) 21:01, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

Plagerism
The last paragraph is complete pliagerism, taken off of http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0071240/trivia --Timjohn911 19:26, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:BornInnocent.jpg
File:BornInnocent.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:56, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Source for copycat claim
"The scene drew much outcry on its first airing and was eventually pulled from the movie entirely when it was blamed for the rape of a nine-year-old girl, committed by some of her peers with a glass soda pop bottle." - Does anyone have a citation for this information? I can't seem to find any proof that this really happened.198.91.145.133 (talk) 08:21, 24 November 2012 (UTC)

Purple prose
"Barbara looks on helplessly as she sees Chris, an innocent, intelligent, decent girl, now fully transformed into a violent, pathological, manipulative, vengeful and cold person, no longer having any guilt or remorse for her actions, who will most likely become an adult criminal when released upon turning legal age."

Eeeuw. Is this wikipedia or the Jerry Springer Show ? (Or is there any difference ? :-) )

btw, the "rape scene" was not that big a deal even in 1974 (at least not where I lived), it was mostly left to the imagination, and only in a country with the heavy presence of the Citizens for Decent Literature would it have received so much press. Similar events and worse were common in Jerzy Koscinski's (sp ?)  Painted Bird which was quite popular and "highly acclaimed" (gag) at around the same time. But you had to be able to read to come across those, I guess 116.231.74.1 (talk) 12:09, 18 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Born Innocent (film)


text:
HMS Hedingham Castle

Two British Royal Navy warships have been named Hedingham Castle, after Hedingham Castle in Essex. They were both Castle-class corvettes built during the Second World War.

 * HMS Hedingham Castle (K491) was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy before launching and renamed HMCS Orangeville (K491). She was launched on 26 January 1944.
 * HMS Hedingham Castle (K529) was launched on 30 October 1944 and broken up in 1958.

title: HMS Hedingham Castle