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Mummerset

Mummerset is a fictional English dialect supposedly spoken in a rustic English county of the same name. Mummerset is used by actors to represent a stereotypical English West Country accent while not specifically referencing any particular county.

The name is a portmanteau of mummer (an archaic term for a folk actor) and Somerset, a largely rural county.

Mummerset draws on a mixture of characteristics of real dialects from the West Country, such as rhoticism, forward-shifted diphthongs, lengthened vowels, and the voicing of word-initial consonants that are voiceless in other English dialects. Word-initial "S" is replaced with "Z"; "F" is replaced with "V". It also uses perceived dialect grammar, replacing instances of "am", "are" and "is" with "be". The sentence "I haven't seen him, that farmer, since Friday" could be parsed in Mummerset as "Oi ain't zeen 'im that be varmer zince Vroiday".

Some speakers of East Anglian English have objected to media portrayals of characters from that area speaking in "a strange kind of stage Mummerset", as in the TV adaptation of P.D. James' Adam Dalgliesh novel Devices and Desires.

In literature
A speech from Edgar in Shakespeare's King Lear, before his fight with Oswald in Act IV, scene 6, has been described as an example of mummerset: Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor volk pass. An ’chud ha’ bin zwagger’d out of my life, ’t would not ha’bin zo long as ’tis by a vortnight. Nay, come not near th’ old man; keep out, ’che vor ye, or Ise try whether your costard or my ballow be the harder. ’Chill be plain with you.

title: Mummerset


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Category:Percidae

The Percidae are predominantly freshwater ray-finned fish in the perch family (the Percidae) belonging to order Perciformes. This category consists of articles on genera and species in this family.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Percidae


text: User talk:81.132.97.213

title: User talk:81.132.97.213


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Category:Pomacentridae

The Pomacentridae are marine ray-finned fish in family Pomacentridae, belonging to order Perciformes. This category consists of articles on genera and species in this family.

title: Category:Pomacentridae


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Wikipedia:Annotated article

The non-annotated version of this article is at Autorack

An autorack, also known as an auto carrier, is a specialized piece of railroad rolling stock used to transport unladen automobiles (unladen in this context refers to automobiles without passengers).

It is widely used to carry new automobiles and light trucks from the factories to automotive distributors. It is also used for Auto Train service in the United States.

History: developing improvements from boxcars
'''Check source to see how to move content box (toc) to the right side ... '''

In the early part of the 20th century, when automobiles were still new technology, their production levels were low enough that they could be shipped in sufficient quantities in boxcars. Two to four automobiles would usually fit into one boxcar. But as automobiles grew in size, railroads found that they needed to modify the boxcars for more efficient loading. Some modifications included longer boxcars, larger sliding double side doors located near one end of the boxcar, or doors located on the boxcar ends.

These modifications helped, but the demand for new automobiles outpaced the railroads' abilities to build and modify boxcars in which to ship them. In 1923, the Grand Trunk Western Railroad experimented with modifying a group of 61-foot-long wood-frame flat cars to increase their capacity by adding collapsible frames to allow for double-deck operation. The concept was not perfected and therefore failed to gain acceptance. In the 1940s and 1950s, some railroads experimented with automobile loading assemblies that would lift one or more automobile above others within a boxcar for more efficient use of space within the cars. The success of these assemblies was limited due to their special use and specific size; it proved uneconomical to maintain a fleet of these assemblies that could only be loaded into boxcars from the ends of the cars.

By this time, in the United States, most circuses still traveled by rail. Circuses were major haulers of wheeled vehicles, carrying all of their vehicles on flat cars, usually behind their own passenger cars or in separate sections of their trains (basically, one train would haul the performers and employees while a second train would haul the vehicles and freight). The circus solution to loading vehicles was to use a string of flat cars. A temporary ramp was placed at the end of the flat cars and temporary bridge plates spanned the gaps between adjacent flat cars; the road vehicles were driven or towed up onto one car and then driven or towed down the train. This type of vehicle loading became known as "circus style" due to its frequent use by circuses.

It wasn't [sic] until the 1960s that the majority of railroads took the clue from circuses and started loading their own flat cars in this manner. But, loading even up to six automobiles onto one flat car left a large amount of space above the vehicles that was unused. The natural solution was to take the temporary assemblies that were used to stack and load vehicles within boxcars and permanently attach them to the flat cars. The assemblies, also called racks, created two levels on which automobiles could be loaded. To complete the flat car, foldaway bridges were added to the ends of the flat car decks to allow the vehicles to be driven the entire length of a train for loading. Building flat cars in this manner, the railroads no longer needed specialized equipment to load and unload the racks in boxcars. All they needed now was a ramp at the right height.

In the 1950s, in Germany, VW Beetle production was increasing beyond the capacity of highway trucks. Volkswagen engineers worked with German railroads to design a railroad car that was basically an extra long version of a vehicle hauling trailer. The design they came up with was able to carry 10 vehicles on one car. VW's two-level flatcar design effectively became the first autorack.

In late 1957, Canadian National Railroad (CN) introduced a group of auto carriers which represented a new innovation. The CN bi-level auto-rack cars had end-doors. They were huge by the standards of the time; the cars were 75 feet (23 m) long and could carry 8 vehicles. These cars were a big success and helped lead to the development of today's enclosed auto racks.

Autoracks quickly lengthened to around 80 ft (24 m) to increase their loading capacity. This made them about as long as the average passenger car of the time; if the cars were much longer, they wouldn't [sic] be able to operate in interchange service due to clearance issues on curves. Yet, the railroads could still do better. It didn't [sic] take long for the first three-level autoracks to appear on American rails.

Transporting new automobiles
During the 1960s, specially built auto carriers took over rail transportation of newly manufactured automobiles in North America. They carried more cars in the same space and were easier to load and unload than the boxcars used earlier. Arthur Crookshank of the New York Central Railroad is credited with having the first set of cars manufactured for use in the late 1950s. Ever-larger auto carriers and specialized terminals were developed by Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) and other carriers. Also in this decade, autoracks were built in three-level configurations so railroads could haul more of the smaller vehicles of the era; two-level autoracks were still in use for vans and light trucks.

The only problem left was that the new autorack cars did not provide any protection from flying debris or from the weather. In the manner CN had developed in the 1950s, in the 1970s other North American railroads began refining their autorack cars. They began installing side sheathing to protect the vehicles from impact. Roofs were added to most autoracks in the 1980s, and end doors were added in the latter portion of the decade (both to prevent damage and to deter people from boarding the cars and riding the train within the vehicles loaded in them).

Trailer Train Company
Although railroads were just beginning to see the advantages that autoracks delivered in the 1960s, most North American railroads were reluctant to invest in such specially built equipment. The Trailer Train Company, organized by the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Norfolk & Western in 1955, stepped in to ease the railroads' financial burden a bit. Trailer Train purchased the flat cars from the rail car manufacturers, and the railroads that wanted to operate autoracks purchased the racks that were installed on those flat cars. Such cars were easily spotted at trackside due to the reporting marks identifying Trailer Train on the flat car portion of the car and the railroad's logo (usually much larger) in the upper portion of the rack.

This arrangement worked so well that nearly every autorack operating in the US was so owned. Trailer Train became TTX Corporation in 1991; since then many railroads have themselves purchased the flat cars on which the racks were installed and TTX has itself expanded into purchasing and leasing out other railroad rolling stock. The development of enclosed autoracks also helped make several other innovative services work well.

New designs and current usage
Railroads of today are still grappling with the problem of loading more and larger vehicles onto autoracks. One popular solution is to create a double-length car that is articulated over a single middle truck (bogie) so that each half of the car is about the same length as a conventional autorack. These cars, which can be seen in operation on many of the railroads of the western US, are brand named AutoMax cars. These cars, built by Gunderson (a subsidiary of The Greenbrier Companies) measure 145 ft 4 in (44.3 m) long and 20 ft 2 in (6 m) tall; they feature adjustable interior decks to carry up to 22 light trucks and minivans.

The railroads became the primary long-distance transporter of completed automobiles, one of few commodities where the industry has been able to overcome trucking in competition. Using the enclosed tri-level autoracks, they were able to provide both lower costs and greater protection from in-transit damage (such as that which may occur due to weather and traffic conditions on unenclosed truck trailers).

Latest innovations
In 2004, Canadian National was as the forefront of autorack technology again, as it had been in the 1950s by using a more light-weight material, aluminum. The new cars, built by Johnstown America Corporation beginning in December 2004, are brand named AVC, an acronym for Aluminum Vehicle Carrier. 200 new aluminum autoracks promise a softer ride, a wider interior, superior door-edge protection, and a rust-free interior from older steel versions. Canadian Pacific Railway has ordered 375 of these new cars as well. The new cars built for Amtrak Auto Train service differ from those built for CN and CP; the Amtrak cars are three inches shorter in height, and use solid side panels instead of the perforated panels operated in freight service.

Auto-Train Corp: a privately funded innovation
On December 6, 1971 Auto-Train Corporation introduced a new and innovative rail transportation service for both passengers and their automobiles in the United States, operating scheduled service between Lorton, Virginia (near Washington, D.C.) and Sanford, Florida, near Orlando.

The Auto Train offered an alternative to motorists who would otherwise drive their automobiles the 855-mile (1375 km) distance along the east coast of the U.S. For vacationers with destinations at one or more of the many popular tourist attractions of Florida, the Auto Train service offered dual features:

 * 1) avoid the long automobile ride on busy Interstate 95 in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida
 * 2) have the convenience of use of their own automobile upon arrival.

From the beginning in 1971 (the same year Amtrak began service on purely passenger routes in the US), a key feature of Auto-Train's new service was the use of autoracks, which were former Canadian National bi-level autorack cars acquired used. These were augmented by new tri-level auto-racks in 1976.

The privately owned service became very popular, but after 10 years of operation, and some costly attempts to expand the service elsewhere (such as a schedule between Florida and Chicago, Illinois), Auto-Train Corporation entered bankruptcy, and service ended in April 1981.

Amtrak's Auto Train: federally sponsored service
In current operation of Amtrak's Auto Train, there are two trains in operation simultaneously. The autoracks normally run on the rear of Auto Train consists, which stretch over a quarter-mile, and are a familiar sight on CSX trackage along the east coast.

Today, Amtrak's Auto Train carries about 200,000 passengers and generates around $50 million in revenue annually. It is considered Amtrak's best-paying train in terms of income in comparison with operating expenses.

Alaska Railroad: Service through a long one-lane tunnel
An Auto Train type of service utilizing autoracks and passenger cars was operated in Alaska at the Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel through Maynard Mountain near Whittier, Alaska, which is part of the Portage Glacier Highway. Completed in 1943, with a length of 13,300 feet (4054 m), it is the longest highway tunnel and longest combined rail and highway tunnel in North America.

In the mid-1960s, the Alaska Railroad began offering a shuttle service through the tunnel which allowed vehicles to drive onto auto carrier cars to be transported between Whittier and the former town of Portage. As traffic to Whittier increased, the shuttle became insufficient, leading to a project to convert the existing railroad tunnel into a one-lane, combination highway and railway tunnel which was opened to traffic on June 7, 2000.

Auto-Max links

 * "Auto-Max railcar gets more vehicles to dealers" — March, 2003 online article from Popular Mechanics.
 * "Detroit: A demanding customer demands more" — September, 1999 online article from Railway Age.
 * "New NS lines meet growing Honda needs" — March 26, 2004 online article from the Daily Home.

title: Wikipedia:Annotated article


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Talk:Infosys

Language
"is a billion U.S. dollars (in revenue) Indian software house". Come on now. - Jerryseinfeld 03:56, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * it sounds like hitting billion $ revenue is a big accomplishment - language should be changed. Wonder if anyones maintaining this page or would like to discuss.

I agree Akshay

This and other related articles maintained by this wiki-india thing is nothing but complete and utter PR. Wikipedia should have a banner for such nonsense.- anon

PCS stands for Patni Computer Systems - not Patni Computer Services
Doesn't matter which ever way one might call it.

You're correct
That is because it doesn't aim to be one. For your information, Infosys is a Service Provider.. like an Accenture or an EDS.. Take a look at numbers for the big 5/4, and then look at the Infy numbers.. you'll get a feel for what's behind all the hoopla.. Also, for a more 'global' perspective get Tom Friedman's book!

Cheers

Tax payment
And what about pending taxes to be paid by infosys.

What Pending Taxes??
Can you please substantiate your statement with some facts?

Infosys Template Needed
Infosys has sufficient content (Wikipeida articles as well as real world stories) to be kept into a separate Wikipedia Template. So i propose creating a Dedicated Wikipedia Template for Infosys (as there is for Microsoft or for Tata).

Remove reference to Ex-CEO Vishal Sikka
Is it OK to remove all information related to Vishal Sikka from section CEO, as he is no longer CEO of Infosys? Also, the controversy related to his resignation is an internal Infosys matter, hence the information provided about him in the CEO section cannot be moved to section for Controversies.

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:37, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
 * UB Pravin Rao.jpg

title: Talk:Infosys


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File:The 5th Dimension - Portrait.jpg

Cover for album Portrait by The 5th Dimension.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:The 5th Dimension - Portrait.jpg


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Error (Error EP)

Error is the self-titled debut EP by American digital hardcore band Error, released by Epitaph Records in 2004. It is their only recorded work as of 2024.

Although not an official member, Greg Puciato of the Dillinger Escape Plan was asked to record vocals for the EP, as the band was without a vocalist at the time.

Personnel

 * Greg Puciato - lead vocals
 * Atticus Ross - programming
 * Brett Gurewitz - guitar, bass
 * Leopold Ross - drums, percussion
 * Joey Karam - Moog synthesizer on "Jack the Ripper"

Credits

 * Published by Sick Muse Songs
 * Administered by EMI Music Publishing
 * Design by Nick Pritchard

title: Error (Error EP)


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User talk:SHADOWKamen

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

It's amazing how these political ones are all biased towards the liberal viewpoint and any attempt to change that is deleted.

title: User talk:SHADOWKamen


text:
Portrait (The 5th Dimension album)

Portrait is the fifth album by the American pop group the 5th Dimension, released in 1970. This is the group's first album for Bell Records, having switched from the Soul City Records label. The cover features an impressionistic portrait by famous artist LeRoy Neiman.

The album languished in the mid-60s on the Billboard Top 200 Album Charts after the release of its first three singles, none of which entered the Top 20 of the American pop music charts. Bell Records, hoping to see a return on the investment they made by signing The 5th Dimension after the group's contract at Soul City Records ended, made a fourth and final attempt at a hit – a relatively uncommon practice at the time – with the release of Burt Bacharach and Hal David's "One Less Bell to Answer". The single rose all the way to #2 by Christmas 1970, becoming one of the group's greatest hits of all time. As a result, Portrait began climbing the charts once again, eventually peaking at #20. The single features Marilyn McCoo on lead vocal, and ushers in The 5th Dimension's transition from pop to adult contemporary artists. McCoo from this point became the primary vocalist for the group's subsequent chart hits, including "Last Night (I Didn't Get to Sleep at All)", "Love's Lines, Angles and Rhymes", "Never My Love", "If I Could Reach You", "House for Sale", "Everything's Been Changed" and "Flashback". This became a source of friction for the group as time went on, and was in part responsible for McCoo and husband Billy Davis Jr. leaving the group after the release of Earthbound in 1975.

Track listing

 * Side one
 * 1) "Puppet Man" (Howard Greenfield, Neil Sedaka) – 3:00
 * 2) "One Less Bell to Answer" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:31
 * 3) "Feelin' Alright?" (Dave Mason) – 4:28
 * 4) "This Is Your Life" (Jimmy Webb) – 4:13
 * 5) "A Love Like Ours" (Bob Alcivar, Lamonte McLemore) – 2:39

 * Side two
 * 1) "Save the Country" (Laura Nyro) – 2:39
 * 2) "Medley" – 10:12
 * 3) *"The Declaration" (words are from the U.S. Declaration of Independence, the only known setting of it to music) (Julius Johnsen, René DeKnight) from the play "Bread, Beans & Things"
 * 4) *"A Change Is Gonna Come" (Sam Cooke)
 * 5) *"People Gotta Be Free" (Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere)
 * 6) "Dimension 5ive" (Bob Alcivar) – 4:15

 * Bonus track on CD
 * 1) "On the Beach (In the Summertime)" (Landy McNeil) – 3:28

Personnel

 * Billy Davis Jr. - lead vocals (tracks 3, 7), background vocals
 * Florence LaRue - lead vocals (tracks 1, 4), background vocals
 * Marilyn McCoo - lead vocals (tracks 1–2), background vocals
 * Lamonte McLemore - lead vocals (track 5), background vocals
 * Ron Townson - lead vocals (track 9), background vocals

Additional personnel
 * Michael Anthony - electric guitar
 * Mike Deasy - electric guitar
 * Dennis Budimir - rhythm guitar
 * Tommy Tedesco - rhythm guitar
 * Fred Tackett - finger pickin' guitar
 * Joe Osborn - bass
 * Hal Blaine - drums, percussion
 * Larry Bunker - congas, mallets, percussion, drums
 * Gary Coleman - mallets, percussion
 * Larry Knechtel - piano, organ, tack piano
 * Jimmy Rowles - piano
 * Gary Illingworth - electric piano
 * Bob Alcivar - arranger

Production
As mentioned on the liner notes of the album, this was one of the first albums to be recorded on a 16-track recorder, and was recorded at the Wally Heider Studios in Hollywood. The sketches of the vocal recording sessions included in the album cover art are dated January 13 and January 14, 1970.

 * Producer: Bones Howe
 * Engineer: Bones Howe
 * Mastering: Elliot Federman
 * Digital transfers: Mike Hartry
 * Reissue producer: Rob Santos
 * Production coordination: Jeremy Holiday
 * Production assistant: Bones Howe, Ann McClelland, Tom Tierney, Russ Wapensky
 * Product manager: Mandana Eidgah
 * Project coordinator: Arlessa Barnes, Glenn Delgado, Christina DeSimone, Karyn Friedland, Felicia Gearhart, Laura Gregory, Robin Manning, Brooke Nochomson, Ed Osborne, Larry Parra, Dana Renert, Bill Stafford, Steve Strauss
 * Archivist: Joanne Feltman, Glenn Korman
 * Research: Joel Whitburn
 * Assistants: Larry Cox, Johnny Golden, Rik Pekkonen
 * Arranger: Bob Alcivar, Bill Holman, Bones Howe
 * Art direction: Beverly Weinstein
 * Reissue art director: Mathieu Bitton
 * Design: Mathieu Bitton
 * Cover painting: LeRoy Neiman
 * Liner notes: Mike Ragogna

Charts
Album

Singles

title: Portrait (The 5th Dimension album)


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var oldonload=onload onload=function{ addLink("p-navigation",'javascript:sortlist',"Sort items","poccil-sort") addLink("p-navigation",'javascript:removeimagereverts',  "Remove image reverts","poccil-noimgrev") if(oldonload)oldonload }

function importPage(site){ var s=site.replace(/ /g,"_") s = s.replace(/^\[\[/, ).replace(/\]\]$/, ); s=escape(s) s=s.replace(/([\/\[\]])/g, function(a,b){ return "%"+b.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase }) var x='' // alert(x) document.write(x); } //Import two prerequisites for some scripts. importPage('Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/addLink'); importPage('Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/addTab'); if(0){ //add in cacyle's editor // include comfortable javascript editor by cacycle // levels of undo (each level holds the whole text) undoBufferMax = 20; // style for preview box stylePreviewBox = 'background-color: #f9f9f9;'; // style for custom edit buttons styleButtons = 'font-size: smaller; padding-left: 0.1em; padding-right: 0.1em'; // presets for input field dropdown options findHistoryLength = 10; // preset for combo box select options presetOptions = []; presetOptions['summary'] = [ 'Copyedit', 'Linkfix', 'Reverting vandalism', 'Formatting source text' ]; // expiration time span for history cookies in seconds cookieExpireSec = (365 * 24 * 60 * 60); // enable cursor horizontal position memory cursorMemory = true; // show at least this number of lines ahead of cursor movement scrollMargin = 1; // show at least this number of lines ahead of cursor movement for findMargin = 2; // find ahead checkbox selected by default findAheadSelected = true; // css for change indicators styleDelete = 'font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; color: #ffffff; background-color: #990033;'; styleInsert = 'font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; color: #ffffff; background-color: #009933;'; styleMoved = 'font-weight: bold; vertical-align: text-bottom; font-size: xx-small; padding: 0; border: solid 1px;'; styleBlock = [ 'background-color: #ffff44;', 'background-color: #b0ff90;', 'background-color: #ffcc99;', 'background-color: #99ffff;', 'background-color: #99ccff;', 'background-color: #cc99ff;', 'background-color: #ff99cc;', 'background-color: #ffd040;', 'background-color: #d0d0d0;' ]; // html for change indicators, {number} is replaced by the block number, {block} is replaced by the block style htmlMovedRight = '" style="' + styleMoved + ' {block}">'; htmlMovedLeft  = ''; htmlBlockStart = ''; htmlBlockEnd   = ' '; htmlDeleteStart = ''; htmlDeleteEnd  = ' '; htmlInsertStart = ''; htmlInsertEnd  = ' '; // minimal number of real words for a moved block (0 for always displaying block move indicators) blockMinLength = 3; // exclude identical sequence starts and endings from change marking wordDiff = true; // enable recursive diff to resolve problematic sequences recursiveDiff = true; // enable block move display showBlockMoves = true; } importPage('User:Cacycle/diff.js')

function getAnchors { var s=[''], anchs=document.getElementsByTagName('A'); for (var i=0; i<anchs.length; ++i) if (anchs[i].name && anchs[i].name!='top') s.push(anchs[i].name); return s; } window.handleKeys=function(evt){ if (window.handleKeys.disabled) { return true; } var k = window.event ? window.event.keyCode : ( evt.keyCode ? evt.keyCode : evt.which); if (!k) return; var letter=String.fromCharCode(k); switch (letter) { case 'j': changeAnchor(1);      return false; case 'J': changeAnchor('last'); return false; case 'k': changeAnchor(-1);     return false; case 'K': changeAnchor('first'); return false; default: return true; } } window.handleKeys.disabled=false; window.handleKeys.disableFlags=[]; function setupFocusHandlers(elType, startAt) { var inputs=document.getElementsByTagName(elType); var j=startAt || 0; for (var i=0; i<inputs.length; ++i) { if (elType=='input' && inputs[i].type.toLowerCase!='text') { continue; } window.handleKeys.disableFlags[j]=false; inputs[i].onfocus=function{ window.handleKeys.disableFlags[j]=true; updateDisabledFlag; } inputs[i].onblur=function{ window.handleKeys.disableFlags[j]=false; updateDisabledFlag; } ++j; } //alert(j + ' handlers installed'); return j; } function updateDisabledFlag { for (var i=0; i 0) { var target=loc.slice(1).join('#'); for (var i=0; i=anchs.length) pos=anchs.length-1; } }     else pos = 0; } /* switch */ var newloc=loc[0] + '#' + anchs[pos]; if(document.location!=newloc) document.location=newloc; } var sectionKeysPage=( ! /^(Editing|Search -|Confirm|Move page|Logs|E-mail user|All pages|Block user)/.test(document.title)  &&  ! /([?&]=|wiki\/)[Ss]pecial:/.test(document.location) ); if (sectionKeysPage) { addOnloadHook(function{     var j=setupFocusHandlers('input');      setupFocusHandlers('textarea', j);      document.onkeypress=window.handleKeys;    }); }

if(0){ // CHECK THAT I'VE REMEMBERED TO SIGN TALK PAGES AND IF SURE DO IT AUTOMATIC: // *** aut. signing / (automatische Unterschrift) *** 23. Apr. 2006 by User:Olliminatore // updated by en:User:Ilmari Karonen v1.43 // // helper-function String.prototype.trim = function{return this.replace(/^\s*|\s*$/g,"")}; addOnloadHook(function {  if(!document.editform) return;  title = document.title; // Object to String  // regarded pages  regpages=new Array('talk:', 'Talk:', ':Village pump', ':Articles for deletion', ':Requests for adminship', ':Current surveys');  for (p in regpages)    if(title.indexOf(regpages[p])!=-1){      regpages=false;      break    }  if(regpages) return;  var txtObj=document.editform.wpTextbox1;  var txtOld=txtObj.value.trim;  txtOld_l=txtOld.length  var txtOldEnd=txtOld.slice(-24);

function doSign{ if(document.editform.onsubmit==''){ // only once! removeEvent(document.editform.wpSave,"click",doSign); removeEvent(document.editform.wpPreview,"click",doSign); }   if(document.editform.wpMinoredit.checked) return true; signing = ' --\ ~\~\~ ~\~\~\~\~\n'; if(!txtObj.value.match(/~{3}/)){ txt=txtObj.value.trim; txtEnd=txt.slice(-24); if(txtOldEnd!=txtEnd) return txtObj.value = txt + signing; // aut. underwrite else { // post between pos = getCaretPos(txtObj); pos = txt.indexOf('\n', pos); // go to the post-end txtEnds = txt.substr(pos,24).replace(/^\s*/,""); // after txtpEnds = txt.slice(pos-18,pos); // before olldp = txtOld.indexOf(txtEnds); if(olldp!=-1 && olldp < pos - 3 && txtOld.search(txtpEnds+txtEnds)==-1) // if some added return txtObj.value = txt.slice(0,pos).trim + signing + txt.slice(pos+1); }    // FIXME: the edit-end is not found }   else if(txtOld.search(/~{3}/)==-1 || !txtOld.match(/ .*?~{3}.*?<\/nowiki>/i)) return 1; else if(txtOld.match(/~{3}/g).length < txtObj.value.match(/~{3}/g).length) return 1; return document.editform.onsubmit=new Function("document.editform.onsubmit='';return confirm('No signing was found. Save anyway?')"); }; addEvent(document.editform.wpSave,"click", doSign) addEvent(document.editform.wpPreview,"click", doSign) }); } function getCaretPos(txtObj) { if(txtObj.setSelectionRange) return txtObj.selectionStart; // NS like  else if(!document.selection) return 0;  // not IE like  txtObj.focus;  var c="\001", pos=0;  var range=document.selection.createRange;  var txt=range.text, dul=range.duplicate;  dul.moveToElementText(txtObj);  range.text=txt+c;  pos=(dul.text.indexOf(c));  range.moveStart('character',-1);  range.text="";  return pos; }; function addEvent(obj,type,fn){if(obj.addEventListener){obj.addEventListener(type,fn,false)}else if(obj.attachEvent){var eProp=type+fn;obj["e"+eProp]=fn;obj[eProp]=function{obj["e"+eProp](window.event)};obj.attachEvent("on"+type,obj[eProp])}else{obj['on'+type]=fn}}; function removeEvent(obj,type,fn){if(obj.removeEventListener){obj.removeEventListener(type,fn,false)}else if(obj.detachEvent){var eProp=type+fn;obj.detachEvent("on"+type,obj[eProp]);obj['e'+eProp]=null;obj[eProp]=null}else{obj['on'+type]=null}};

//*** end *** // // Interwiki de:Benutzer:Olliminatore/Signatur.js

//User:Lupin/popups.js popupShortcutKeys=true; // optional: enable keyboard shortcuts popupAdminLinks=false;  // optional: enable admin links popupDelay=.7; popupFixRedits=true; popupInitialWidth=200; popupFixRedirs=true; popupFixDabs=true; popupLastModified=true; popupMaxPreviewSentences=1; popupImages=false; popupSubpopups=true; popupWatchRedirredPages=false; popupRedirAutoClick='wpSave'; popupRedlinkRemoval=true; popupLastModified=true; popupDiffDates=true; popupOnlyArticleLinks=true; imagePopupsForImages=false; popupStructure='fancy2'; importPage('User:Lupin/popups.js')

importPage('Wikipedia:WikiProject_User_scripts/Scripts/Fix_diff_width'); //Formats the article by removing excess whitespace and simplifying links. importPage('Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Formatter'); importPage('User:Howcheng/quickimgdelete.js') importPage('User:Poccil/quickafd.js') /* Syntax highlighter */ if(document.title.indexOf(".js") == -1)    //   Ignore pages that end in .js addOnloadHook(function  {  /* CSS syntax highlighting */    multicommentRE = new RegExp('(/\\*[\\s\\S]*?\\*/)', 'g');    ruleRE = new RegExp('([^\\{]+)\\{([^\\}]+)\\}', 'g');    idselectorRE = new RegExp('(#[a-zA-Z0-9\-\_]+)\\b', 'g');    classselectorRE = new RegExp('(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9\-\_]+)\\b', 'g');    pairRE = new RegExp('([a-zA-Z-]+):([^;]+);', 'g');    css = document.getElementsByTagName('pre');    for (i = 0; i < css.length; i++) {      c = css[i];      content = c.innerHTML;      content=content.replace(multicommentRE, ' $1 ');      content = content.replace(ruleRE, function(text, selector, body) { selector = selector.replace(idselectorRE, ' $1 '); selector = selector.replace(classselectorRE, ' $1 '); body = body.replace(pairRE, ' $1 : $2 ;'); return selector + '{' + body + '}'; });     c.innerHTML = content;    } });

importPage('User:Zocky/SearchBox.js'); importPage("User:Lupin/recent2.js");

/* */ /* This function is used to include scripts from other Wikipedia pages in mine. I got it from User:Quarl/monobook.js. */

function winc(s) { s = s.replace(/^\[\[/, ).replace(/\]\]$/, ); document.write(''); }

/* Included functions */

winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/addlink.js');        /* Adds links to lists on the page, such as the personal tools section */ winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/fixdiffwidth.js'); winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/edittop.js'); winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/namedredirect.js'); winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/autolinker.js');

/* Add some extra tabs with different functionalities. */

winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/replacetab.js');              // Regex replacements in the text (from User:Trilobite/Tools) winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/unverified.js');              // Tag unverified images (from User:Trilobite/Tools) // winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/addsincetab.js');          // Shows difference between my last edit and current version (WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Changes since I last edited) winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/dashfixer.js');               // Converts -- into — and so on (User:Omegatron) winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/unitformatter.js');           // Formats units according to SI (User:Omegatron) winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/mathcharacterfixer.js');      // Fixes up some math characters (not TeX) (User:Omegatron) winc('User:Omegatron/monobook.js/headingformattingfixer.js');  // Adds and removes whitespace to make formatting consistent and readable (User:Omegatron)

/* This function is used to include individual scripts from Quarl's pages in mine. */

function qinc(s) { // alert("qinc") var x='' // alert(x) document.write(x); }

/* All kinds of scripts from User:Quarl */ if(0){ qinc('module'); qinc('datetime'); qinc('msg'); qinc('util'); qinc('wikiwidget'); qinc('wikins'); qinc('wikipage'); }

var $diff = new Object var $util = new Object

$util.trimSpaces = function(s) { if (!s) return s;   s = s.replace(/^\s+/,''); s = s.replace(/\s+$/,''); return s; }

function ReverseString(s) { var ret = ''; for (var i = s.length-1; i >= 0; --i) { ret += s.charAt(i); }   return ret; }

$util.pprintf = function(fmt) { // start at last argument in case we have more than 9 arguments for (var i = arguments.length; i >= 1; --i) { fmt = fmt.replace(new RegExp('\\$' + i,'g'), arguments[i]); }   return fmt; };

$diff.options = { // if more than this many words of changes, use overflow string summary_maxwords: 40, summary_overflow: "$1 words changed" };

$diff.diff = function(o, n) { var ns = {}; var os = {}; for ( var i = 0; i < n.length; i++ ) { // note we have to check that it is in fact an object with "rows", in       // case ns[i] happens to match a javascript member function of class // Array, e.g. "some"! if ( ns[ n[i] ] == null || !ns[n[i]].rows ) ns[ n[i] ] = { rows: new Array, o: null }; ns[ n[i] ].rows.push( i ); }

for ( var i = 0; i < o.length; i++ ) { if ( os[ o[i] ] == null || !os[o[i]].rows ) os[ o[i] ] = { rows: new Array, n: null }; os[ o[i] ].rows.push( i ); }

for ( var i in ns ) { if ( ns[i].rows.length == 1 && typeof(os[i]) != "undefined" && os[i].rows.length == 1 ) { n[ ns[i].rows[0] ] = { text: n[ ns[i].rows[0] ], row: os[i].rows[0] }; o[ os[i].rows[0] ] = { text: o[ os[i].rows[0] ], row: ns[i].rows[0] }; }   }

for ( var i = 0; i < n.length - 1; i++ ) { if ( n[i].text != null && n[i+1].text == null &&            0 <= n[i].row+1 && n[i].row+1 < o.length &&             o[ n[i].row + 1 ].text == null &&             n[i+1] == o[ n[i].row + 1 ] ) {           n[i+1] = { text: n[i+1], row: n[i].row + 1 }; o[n[i].row+1] = { text: o[n[i].row+1], row: i + 1 }; }   }

for ( var i = n.length - 1; i > 0; i-- ) { if ( n[i].text != null && n[i-1].text == null &&            0 <= n[i].row-1 && n[i].row-1 < o.length &&             o[ n[i].row - 1 ].text == null &&             n[i-1] == o[ n[i].row - 1 ] ) {           n[i-1] = { text: n[i-1], row: n[i].row - 1 }; o[n[i].row-1] = { text: o[n[i].row-1], row: i - 1 }; }   }    return { o: o, n: n }; }

$diff._split = function(s) { //return $util.trimSpaces(s).split(/(?:\s|[.,;\'\"`])+/);   return s.split(/\s+/); }

$diff.aggregate = function(words) { var phrases = new Array; var cur = null; var wordcount = 0;

// start at virtual index -1 to check for removed words at beginning of   // text for ( var i = -1; i < words.n.length; i++ ) { if ( i!=-1 && words.n[i].text == null ) { if (!cur) { cur = { o: "", n: "" }; phrases.push(cur); }           cur.n += " " + words.n[i]; wordcount ++; } else { var pre = ""; var j = i==-1 ? 0 : words.n[i].row + 1; while ( j < words.o.length && words.o[j].text == null ) { pre += " " + words.o[j]; j++; wordcount ++; }           if (pre) { if (!cur) { cur = { o: "", n: "" }; phrases.push(cur); }               cur.o += pre; }           if (pre && words.n[i+1] && words.n[i+1].text == null) { // If there's an addition following, treat this as part of the // same change. } else { cur = null; }       }    }

for (var i=0;i<phrases.length;i++) { phrases[i].n = $util.trimSpaces(phrases[i].n); phrases[i].o = $util.trimSpaces(phrases[i].o); }

return { phrases: phrases, wordcount: wordcount }; }

$diff.wikiQuote = function(s) { if (!s) return s;   if (s.match(/^\{\{.*\}\}$/)) return s;    s = s.replace(/\"/g, "'");    return '"'+s+'"'; }

// trim the equal chars from the front and back of o,n at a word boundary $diff.stringTrim = function(o, n) { var r = $diff.stringTrim0(ReverseString(o), ReverseString(n)); return $diff.stringTrim0(ReverseString(r.o), ReverseString(r.n)); }

$diff.stringTrim0 = function(o, n) { var i = 0; while (i < o.length && i < n.length && o[i] == n[i]) { ++i; }   // find index of last non-word character var prefix = o.substr(0, i); // if prefix ends with word characters and suffix starts with non-word, // then erase entire prefix if (prefix.match(/\w$/) &&       !o.substr(i, 1).match(/^\w/) && !n.substr(i, 1).match(/^\w/)) {       o = o.substr(i); n = n.substr(i); } else if (prefix.match(/.*\W/)) { i = RegExp.lastMatch.length; o = o.substr(i); n = n.substr(i); } else { // keep entire prefix } //   alert(o) //   alert(n) return { o: o, n: n }; }

$diff._wikiQuoteWords = function(s) {   var words = $diff._split(s); if (words.length > $diff.options.summary_maxwords) { return $util.pprintf('($1 words)', words.length); } else { return $diff.wikiQuote(words.join(' ')); } }

$diff.diffSummary = function(o, n) { o = $util.trimSpaces(o); n = $util.trimSpaces(n); if (o == n) return ""; if (!o) { return "new: +" + $diff._wikiQuoteWords(n); }   if (!n) { return "blank: -" + $diff._wikiQuoteWords(o); }   var words = $diff.diff( $diff._split(o), $diff._split(n) ); var r = $diff.aggregate(words); if (!r.wordcount) return ""; if (r.wordcount > $diff.options.summary_maxwords) { return $util.pprintf($diff.options.summary_overflow, r.wordcount); }

var phrases = r.phrases; var str = []; for (var i=0;i ' + rn); } else if (ro) { str.push('-' + ro); } else if (rn) { str.push('+' + rn); } else { // alert("## internal error 15e1b13f-bae3-4399-86c5-721786822fa2"); }   }

return str.join(", "); }

if(0){ qinc('shortcuts'); qinc('diffsince'); qinc('wikiwatch'); qinc('watchlist'); qinc('watchbutton'); qinc('autofocus'); qinc('newmessages'); qinc('tabsince'); }

var oldtext=""

function editsum{ if(document.editform.wpSection.value!="new"){ var sum=document.editform.wpSummary.value var newtext=document.editform.wpTextbox1.value var newsum=$diff.diffSummary(oldtext,newtext) var semic=((sum&&newsum)?"; ":"") var m=sum.match(/\/\*.*?\*\//) if(m){ sum=sum.replace(m[0],"") sum=m[0]+newsum+semic+sum } else { sum=newsum+semic+sum } document.editform.wpSummary.value=sum } }

function hookEventObj(a,b,c){ a['on'+b]=c }

function saveoldtext{ if(document.editform){ oldtext=document.editform.wpTextbox1.value hookEventObj(document.editform.wpSave, 'click',  function{editsum;}); hookEventObj(document.editform.wpDiff, 'click',  function{editsum;}); hookEventObj(document.editform.wpPreview, 'click',  function{editsum;}); } }

function justredirs{ var els=document.getElementsByTagName("li") for(var i=0;i<els.length;i++){ if(els[i].innerText.indexOf("(redirect page)")<0){ els[i].style.display="none" els[i].innerHTML="" } } }

addOnloadHook(function { //$watchbutton.widgetLoad; //$tabsince.widgetLoad; //$watchlist.widgetLoad; saveoldtext /* uncomment this to hide alert errors */ //$msg.alert_disabled=true; });

addOnloadHook(function {    addLink('p-personal', '/wiki/User:Poccil/myskin.js', 'My monobook.js', 'pt-monobookjs', 'monobook.js is used for storing user javascripts', , 'pt-logout');    addLink('p-personal', '/wiki/User:Poccil/myskin.css', 'My monobook.css', 'pt-monobookcss', 'monobook.css is used for storing user CSS styles', , 'pt-logout');    addLink('p-personal', '/w/index.php?title=Special%3AAllpages&from=Poccil&namespace=2', 'My subpages', 'pt-subpages', 'Subpages of my userspace', , 'pt-logout');    addLink('p-personal', '/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&limit=5000&from=0&fakeaction=redirs&target='+escape(getPname)+'&from=Poccil&namespace=2', 'Redirs', 'pt-redirs', 'What redirects here', , 'pt-logout');    addLink('p-personal', 'javascript:catlen', 'Category items', 'pt-redirs', 'What redirects here', '', 'pt-logout');    if(location.href.indexOf("fakeaction=redirs")>=0){ justredirs document.forms[0].style.display="none" } });

function GetXmlHTTP { var A; try { A=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) { try { A=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch (oc) {A=null;} } if(!A && typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") A = new XMLHttpRequest; return A; }

function SajaxCall(uri, target) { var i, x, n; uri="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"+uri; var post_data = null; x = GetXmlHTTP; if (!x) { alert("AJAX not supported"); return false; } x.open("GET", uri, true); x.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "text/xml"); x.setRequestHeader("Pragma", "cache=yes"); x.setRequestHeader("Cache-Control", "no-transform"); x.onreadystatechange = function { if (x.readyState != 4) return; if ( typeof( target ) == 'function' ) { var rt=x.responseText .replace(/\&nbsp\;/," ") .replace(/\&reg\;/,"®") x.responseXML.loadXML(rt) target( x.responseXML ); } else if ( typeof( target ) == 'object' ) { x.responseXML.loadXML(x.responseText) target[0]=x.responseXML target[1]=1 } return; } x.send(post_data); delete x; return true; }

function upage(xml){ var atags=xml.getElementsByTagName("a") var images=[] for(var i=0;i=0&&title){ images[images.length]=title } } alert(images) } function getatt(tag,a){ var re=new RegExp("\\s+"+a+"\\s*\\=\\s*([\"\'])(.*?)(\\1)") var e=re.exec(tag) if(e){ return e[2] } return "" }

function upage2(ae){ // alert(ae) var atags=ae.match(/<[Aa]\s+.*?>/g) var images=[] for(var i=0;atags&&i=0){ images[images.length]=href.substr(ie+6) } } // alert(images) }

function catlen{ upage2(document.body.innerHTML) } //addOnloadHook(function { // upage2(document) //})

title: User:Poccil/myskin.js


text: Talk:Portrait (The 5th Dimension album)

title: Talk:Portrait (The 5th Dimension album)


text:
Wikipedia talk:ArbCom Election Results December 2004

I hereby concede any and all question of relative victory between myself and User:Grunt. He's a good guy (heck, I voted for him!), and besides, all this arbitration business sounds like a lot of work. ;-) -Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 04:05, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm glad to see so many good prospects put themselves forward! Though I'm looking over WP:RFAr and wondering what I've let myself in for ... - David Gerard 23:38, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century)

Geoffrey de Mandeville (died c. 1100), also known as de Magnaville (from the Latin de Magna Villa "of the great town"), was a Constable of the Tower of London. Mandeville was a Norman, from one of several places that were known as Magna Villa in the Duchy of Normandy. These included the modern communes of Manneville-la-Goupil and Mannevillette. Some records indicate that Geoffrey de Mandeville was from Thil-Manneville, in Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandy (upper Normandy).

Life
An important Domesday tenant-in-chief, de Mandeville was one of the ten richest magnates of the reign of William the Conqueror. William granted him large estates, primarily in Essex, but in ten other shires as well. He served as the first sheriff of London and Middlesex, and perhaps also in Essex, and in Hertfordshire. He was the progenitor of the de Mandeville Earls of Essex. About 1085 he and Lescelina, his second wife, founded Hurley Priory as a cell of Westminster Abbey.

Family
He married firstly, Athelaise (Adeliza) (d. bef. 1085), by whom he had:

 * William de Mandeville (d. bef. 1130), married Margaret dau. of Eudo, dapifer, who m. 2ndly Otuer fitz Count.
 * Beatrice de Mandeville, m. Godfrey fitz Eustace, natural son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne. Geoffrey was Lord of Carshalton, Surrey
 * Walter, who was also one of his tenants in 1086.

He married secondly Lescelina, by whom he had no children.

Additional references

 * Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Line 158A-23.

title: Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century)


text:
Dead pool

A dead pool, also known as a deadpool or death pool, is a game of prediction which involves guessing when someone will die. Sometimes it is a bet where money is involved.

Modern application
In the early 20th century, dead pools were popular in dangerous sports such as motorsport, for example the first edition of the Indianapolis 500.

Variants
A typical modern dead pool might have players pick out celebrities who they think will die within the year. Most games start on January 1 and run for 12 months, although there are some variations on game length and timing.

In 2000, website Fucked Company claimed to be a "dot-com dead pool" which invited users to predict the next Internet startups to fail during that era's dot com bust. The site itself folded in 2007 after a long history as a target for strategic lawsuits against public participation by companies.

Because of the high body count in the first seven seasons of the popular fantasy television series Game of Thrones, dead pools were launched for its final season.

Application in contemporary society
Britain's premier dead pool in recent years has been the Derby Dead Pool, which has run for over 25 years and received an article detailing its players on the BBC website.

The Rotten.com Dead Pool, formerly largest in the world, uses NNDB as its source of qualified celebrities, and as arbiter of their life status.

The concept and success strategies are also detailed in a (previously) annual guide called The Dead Pool, written by KQRS-FM radio personality Mike Gelfand and author Mike Wilkinson. KQRS-FM in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota also does an annual on air dead pool contest, where show hosts and listeners will attempt to pick which celebrity will die in that calendar year.

In his AP news article "Some say death pools are in poor taste" (which brought national attention to The Old Blue Eyes Celebrity Death Watch), author Matt Sedensky writes, "Players scour newspapers and Web sites for news on celebrities' health; they rely on tips from insiders; and they consider a public figure's lifestyle, absence of recent appearances and rumors of illness."

In popular culture
A dead pool is a key plot element of the 1988 final installment of the Dirty Harry film series, The Dead Pool. Harry investigates the players, when several people listed in a game of dead pool die in suspicious circumstances.

The Marvel Comics character Deadpool (first appearing in 1991) takes his name after escaping from Ajax and Dr. Killebrew, who formed their own dead pool based on which of their experimental subjects would die first. In the 2016 film Deadpool, the titular character takes his hero name from a dead pool of mercenaries, himself included, who are regular patrons at his favorite bar.

In the MTV show Teen Wolf, the main plotline of Season 4 (2014) revolves around a dead pool specifically targeting the supernaturals of Beacon Hills, which is set up by a mysterious character named The Benefactor.

title: Dead pool


text:
Snook

Snook, Snooks, or Snoek may refer to:

Fishes

 * Family Centropomidae (snooks)
 * Common snook
 * Family Esocidae (pikes)
 * Haplochromis insidiae
 * Northern pike
 * Family Gempylidae (snake mackerels)
 * Blacksail snake mackerel or black snoek
 * Thyrsites ("snoek", popular in the Cape region of South Africa, this was also consumed in the United Kingdom during World War II)
 * Family Muraenesocidae (pike congers)
 * Pike eel
 * Family Percidae (perches)
 * Family Scombridae (mackerels, tunas, bonitos), subfamily: Scombrinae
 * Kanadi kingfish
 * Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson
 * Barracuda
 * Australian barracuda, Sphyraena novaehollandiae
 * Cutlassfish
 * Silver scabbardfish
 * Petenia splendida, bay snook
 * Southern sennet, Sphyraena picudilla
 * Snook shark or Caribbean sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon porosus

United States

 * Rancho San Bernardo (Snook), a Mexican land grant in present-day San Diego County, California
 * Snook, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community
 * Snook, Texas, a city
 * Snook House in Shelby County, Kentucky
 * Van B. Snook House in Shelby County, Kentucky

People

 * Snook (surname), multiple people with this name, or variations Snooks, Snookes etc.
 * Snoek (surname), multiple people with this name, or variations Snoeck, Snoeks etc.

Fictional entities

 * A fictional sloth and the main character in the children's television show It's a Big Big World
 * A skunk who is a one-shot character in the episode "Smellorama" on Bear in the Big Blue House

Music

 * Snook (band), a rap group based in Sweden

Transportation

 * Audi Snook, a single-wheeled concept vehicle
 * USS Snook, United States Navy ships

title: Snook


text:
Category:X-rays

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:X-rays


text:
Arian (band)

Aryan or Arian is the first Persian pop band consisting of both male and female singers and players in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. Pahlavan and Salehi are the band's lead vocalists, and the songwriters are Pahlavan, Salehi, Amirkhas, Khahani and Farnejad. Their second, third and fourth albums were the bestselling albums of their release years. They are the first Iranian band to feature in the "International Who's Who in Music". They have released four albums, and played concerts around the globe. They donate part of their profits to the "United Nations World Food Programme". The reason Arian stopped making music was mentioned in an interview with Ali Pahlavan, one of the lead vocalists. First, Ninef Amirkhas, the arranger of all songs and an important member directing the band, left the country. The reason of Ninef Amirkhas leaving is unknown. With Ninef Amirkhas leaving, all of the responsibilities were now left to Pahlavan. "But then came the disputes with our producer and problems with the officials. As the problems grew larger, members gradually lost their enthusiasm due to the lack of suitable conditions to work, and finally called it a day”, Pahlavan said in an interview back in 2015. There is not much known about Ninef Amirkhas. It's not even known where currently is. Please contact the editor of this article if you have any information.

Albums
Their debut album, Gole Aftabgardoon (The Sunflower) was released in 2000.

Their second album, however, had more complex lyrics. It was named Va Amma, Eshgh (And Now, Love) and released in 2001. It took three years to release the third album, Till Eternity..., released in 2004.

In a recent interview with BBC they said, "Now we have a responsibility, we should be better and introduce ourselves all over the world. "If you go to Iranian movies all you see is misery - nothing else. People think Iran is like this - everything is a desert, all the people are crying.... We wanted to show the real Iran".

In 2008, they released their fourth album Bi to Ba to and they worked together with Chris de Burgh and produced an English-Persian version of de Burgh's song "The Words I Love You" (A light for eternity). In 2009, Arian released a single called "Here Comes Nowrouz, Here Comes Spring" for the Iranian new year.

Current members

 * Ali Pahlavan (Vocals & Guitar)
 * Payam Salehi (Vocals & Guitar)
 * Ninef Amirkhas (Keyboard) (studying in the United States)

Guest players

 * Farzad Fakhreddini (Electric Guitar)
 * Dara Daraei (Bass Guitar)
 * Shahab Hosseini (Keyboard)
 * Alireza Miraqa (Percussion)
 * Amid Bonakdar (Bass Guitar)

 * Former guest players
 * Tirdad Keshavarzi (Electric Guitar) - Tehran Milad Hall (Tehran International Fair)
 * Saman Emami (Electric Guitar)- Tehran S'ad Abad Palace.
 * Milad Zendeh Naam (Electric Guitar) - Dubai
 * Babak Akhoundi (Electric Guitar)- Uk, Germany Tour

 * Guest players in albums
 * Abbas Sadeqi (Electric Guitar)
 * Babak Akhoundi (Electric Guitar)
 * Fleming Khoshqadami (Harmonica)
 * Farzad Fakhreddini (Electric Guitar)
 * Jaber Eta'ati (Accordion)

Albums

 * Gole Aftabgardoon (گل آفتابگردون) (2000)
 * Va Amma Eshgh (2001) (و اما عشق)
 * Ta Binahayat (2004) (تا بی نهایت)
 * Bi To Ba To (2008) (بی تو با تو)
 * Khoda Hafez (2015) (خداحافظ)

Singles

 * "Here Comes Nowrooz, Here Comes Spring" (2009) (عيد اومد بهار اومد)
 * "The Footsteps of Hope" (2010) (صدای پای اميد)
 * "Seven" (2010) (هفت)
 * "Since You Have Gone" (2010) (از روزی که رفتی)
 * "Miss You Lots" (2010) (تو رو کم دارم)
 * "Flight-Club Mix" (2010) (پرواز - کلاب میکس)

Videography

 * Arian Band - Parvaz
 * The Words I Love You - (HD Quality DVD)

title: Arian (band)


text:
Category:Pavements

This category deals with pavement in the American English sense, i.e. methods of surfacing roadways.

title: Category:Pavements


text:
Grand College of Rites

The Grand College of Rites (officially, the Grand College of Rites of the United States of America) is a Masonic organization.

The Grand College of Rites was established by nine Master Masons in Washington, D.C., on May 12, 1932, for the purpose of controlling and preventing the resurrection of abandoned and unauthorized rituals in the United States. It collects these rituals from extinct organizations and prints them in an annual volume titled Collectanea, which is privately distributed to its own members.

Among the rituals over which the Grand College claims jurisdiction are those of the Egyptian Masonic Rite of Memphis, Ancient, Free, and Accepted Architects, Ancient and Primitive Rite, and others.

title: Grand College of Rites


text:
Airport improvement fee

An airport improvement fee or embarkation fee or airport tax or service charge or service fee is an additional fee charged to departing and connecting passengers at an airport. It is levied by government or an airport management corporation and the proceeds are usually intended for funding of major airport improvements or expansion or airport service. Some airports do not levy these fees on connecting passengers who do not leave the airport or whose connecting flight is within a specific timeframe after they arrive.

In the United States, the federal passenger facility charge (PFCs) program allows the collection of PFC fees up to $4.50 for every enplaned passenger at commercial airports controlled by public agencies. Airports use these fees to fund FAA-approved projects that enhance safety, security, or capacity; reduce noise; or increase air carrier competition. Federal law limits use of PFC funds strictly to the above categories.

Depending on the location, the airport improvement fee is included in the cost of traveller's airline ticket, in which case the airline will forward the fee to proper agency. However, in some locations the fee must be paid at the point of embarkation. This often creates difficulties for departing passengers who are unfamiliar with this type of procedure, or for departing international passengers who have already exchanged all their local currency. The amount varies usually between US$10 and $30. In some instances, the fee continues to be charged long after construction has been completed (e.g. Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport). A legitimate reason for this is that the airport must finance the cost of the improvement and then pays off these costs over an extended period of time.

Airports currently collecting an explicit airport improvement fee include:
 * Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Ezeiza), Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * Almost all Brazilian airports administered by Infraero
 * Almost all Canadian international airports
 * All airports in China
 * Ramón Villeda Morales International Airport San Pedro Sula, Honduras
 * Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi, India
 * All airports in Indonesia
 * Ireland West Airport Knock, Knock, Republic of Ireland
 * Jorge Chavez International Airport Lima, Peru
 * Almost all public airports in the Philippines
 * Carrasco International Airport, Montevideo, Uruguay
 * Norwich International Airport, Norwich, United Kingdom
 * Newquay Cornwall Airport, Newquay, United Kingdom
 * All airports in Jamaica

title: Airport improvement fee


text:
Category:Kingston, Ontario

Kingston, Ontario, with a population of approximately 146,838 people, is located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St. Lawrence River and the Thousand Islands begin. Kingston is nicknamed the "Limestone City" because of the many historical buildings made from the local material which still stand. The municipality of Kingston is effectively split by the Cataraqui River to the East and the Little Cataraqui Creek to the West.

For more information, see the article page on Kingston, Ontario.

title: Category:Kingston, Ontario


text:
Katherine Graham

Katherine Graham may refer to:
 * Katherine Graham (golfer)
 * Katharine Graham, publisher of the Washington Post

title: Katherine Graham


text:
Sancho I

Sancho I may refer to:

 * Sancho I of Gascony (died 812), Basque Duke
 * Sancho I of Pamplona (circa 860–925), Navarrese monarch
 * Sancho I Ordóñez (circa 895–929), King of Galicia
 * Sancho I of León (died 966), two-time King of León
 * Sancho I of Aragon (c. 1042 – 4 June 1094), second king of Aragon
 * Sancho I of Astarac (fl. 1050–1096/1119), count of Astarac
 * Sancho I of Portugal (1154–1212), King of Portugal

title: Sancho I


text: User talk:4.14.89.226

title: User talk:4.14.89.226


text:
Tombstone mentality

In aviation air safety, a tombstone mentality informally is a pervasive attitude of ignoring design defects until people have died because of them.

Strictly speaking, tombstone mentality decisions are examples where there is no incentive for an economic actor to be a 'first mover' and promote safety. Sometimes this is a result of market pressures (nobody wants to pay for extra safety, despite their talk), or, it may be a result of legal disincentives such as product liability lawsuits (if a design change is made that is not government approved and somebody is injured, even if the design change was not the reason for the injury, the company may be liable).

title: Tombstone mentality


text:
Rossville

Rossville is the name of the following towns:

 * Australia
 * Rossville, Queensland, a town and locality in the Shire of Cook

 * Canada
 * Rossville, Manitoba

 * United States
 * Rossville, Georgia
 * Rossville, Illinois
 * Rossville, Indiana
 * Rossville, Iowa
 * Rossville, Kansas
 * Rossville, Maryland
 * Rossville, Missouri
 * Rossville, Staten Island, New York, a neighborhood in New York City
 * Rossville, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Rossville, Knox County, Ohio, a ghost town
 * Rossville, Tennessee

title: Rossville


text:
User:Balajig81

Will Post some articles soon .....

title: User:Balajig81


text: User talk:69.134.161.85

title: User talk:69.134.161.85


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wayneho Kam

Wayneho Kam
Vanity. --fvw *  04:22, 2004 Dec 19 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable. User who submitted it blanked whole page, perhaps admitting it should be deleted. DreamGuy 04:37, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, confused vanity. Wyss 19:09, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. IMO after the author indicated it was mistake by blanking the page, it should have been speedy deleted, not reverted. --Wikimol 23:58, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Santee

Santee may refer to:

People

 * Santee Dakota, a subgroup of the Dakota people, of the U.S. Great Plains
 * Santee (South Carolina), a Native American people of South Carolina

Places

 * Lake Santee, Indiana, a reservoir and census-designated place
 * Santee, California
 * Santee (Corbin, Virginia), a historic plantation home
 * Santee Indian Reservation in Nebraska
 * Santee, Nebraska
 * Santee, South Carolina
 * Santee River in South Carolina

Other uses

 * Santee (surname)
 * Santee Education Complex, Los Angeles, California
 * Santee (film), a 1973 western starring Glenn Ford
 * Santee (plumbing), a tee joint in a sanitation line
 * USS Santee, multiple ships of the United States Navy

title: Santee


text:
Van Helsing (disambiguation)

Abraham Van Helsing is a character in Dracula media.

Van Helsing may also refer to:
 * Van Helsing (film), a 2004 action/horror film
 * Gabriel Van Helsing, a character in Van Helsing media
 * Van Helsing (video game), a video game based on the 2004 film
 * Van Helsing: The London Assignment, the animated film
 * The Incredible Adventures of Van Helsing, a 2013 video game
 * Jan van Helsing or Jan Udo Holey (born 1967), controversial German author
 * Mr. Eric Van Helsing, a character in the Young Dracula universe
 * Ronnie Van Helsing, a character in Sword of Dracula media
 * Rachel van Helsing, a Marvel comic book character
 * Van Helsing (TV series), a 2016 American television horror series

title: Van Helsing (disambiguation)


text:
Shorncliffe

Shorncliffe can refer to:
 * Shorncliffe, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane in Australia
 * Shorncliffe railway line, to the suburb
 * Shorncliffe railway station, Brisbane, in the suburb
 * Shorncliffe, Kent, a district of Folkestone, Kent, England, home to an army camp
 * Shorncliffe Army Camp, a military establishment
 * Shorncliffe Redoubt, a British Napoleonic earthwork fort in Kent

title: Shorncliffe


text:
Idylwood

Idylwood may refer to:

 * Idylwood, Virginia, a town in Fairfax County, Virginia
 * Idylwood, Houston, a neighborhood in Houston, Texas

title: Idylwood


text:
Rock music in Estonia

The Estonian rock music scene saw its beginnings in the mid-1960s during Khrushchev Thaw in the Soviet Union and the rise of British bands all over the world. The first Estonian rock-groups were primarily high school bands playing cover versions of the current UK Top 10. Despite the lack of official support from Soviet authorities (rock music was seen as undesirable Western influence) some of these groups, posing as dance music bands in various clubs, gained a large underground following. Some groups managed to make proper studio recordings and appear a couple of times on television.

The most notable groups of the 1960s were Juuniorid (the first, formed in 1963), Optimistid, Mikronid, Kontrastid and Virmalised.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, as both rock and roll and the young Estonian musicians aged, the music became much more complex. Progressive rock, with hard rock influences, began to become more prevalent in Estonia. Musicians from the sixties, who continued their musical career either became established pop-stars or became interested in progressive rock. So called progressive or intellectual rock could be an indulgence, a way to prove the Soviet authorities that rock music could have a deeper meaning. Because of the lack of proper gear some young engineers like Härmo Härm started to make equipment like synthesizers for rock bands. During the seventies Estonian bands began touring in the Soviet Union, some of them becoming quite popular. The first EPs and LPs were released under the Melodiya label.

The most notable groups of the 1970s were Ruja, Gunnar Graps Group, Meie, In Spe and Apelsin.

The early eighties saw the rise of punk rock in Estonia. This rise could be described as a return to the basics. Much like early Estonian rock music was a copy of the UK Top 10 back in the sixties, the new Estonian punk music was highly influenced by UK77 and UK82 raw punk rock. American bands were unreachable. Much like rock music in the 1960s, punk rock was highly disliked by the Soviet authorities. Besides punk rock, the Estonian rock scene in the eighties had its own answer to everything that was going on in the free world - heavy metal, new romantics, and synthpop. However, there was a few years of delay between the Estonian scene and the rest of the world. Despite this, Estonia remained a step ahead of the rest of the Soviet Union and during the perestroika period a few underground bands like J.M.K.E. and Röövel Ööbik became well known in Finland.

The most notable bands of the 1980s were: Generator M, Radar, Rock Hotel, Vitamiin, J.M.K.E., and Singer Vinger.

The nineties saw the fall of music and musicians from previous decades. Youth, looking for something new as usual, got the first taste of electronic. In the early 1990s there were simultaneous small-scale outbreaks of indie rock and metal. A punk survivor from the 1980s - Vennaskond saw mainstream popularity and gained a large following, becoming arguably the most influential Estonian rock band ever. The late 1990s were the low point of the Estonian rock scene. Acts from the first half of the decade continued with minor success, and no new big acts appeared.

The most notable bands of the 1990s were: Vennaskond, Terminaator, The Tuberkuloited, Blind, Smilers and Psychoterror.

The new millennium has seen the slow but continuous rise of rock music. Currently strong metal and indie scenes exist, and Estonia has one of the highest rates of metal bands per capita in the world.

Estonian rock artists and bands
• Agent M

• Ans. Andur

• Apelsin

• Blacky

• Bedwetters

• Claire's Birthday

• Crystal Cloisters

• Ewert and The Two Dragons

• Gunnar Graps Group

• Herald (band)

• Illumenium

• J.M.K.E.

• Kosmikud

• Linnu Tee

• Liblikas

• Magnetic Band

• Metsatöll

• Nevesis

• No-Big-Silence

• Pantokraator

• Progress

• Propeller

• Põhja Konn

• Rock Hotel

• Röövel Ööbik

• Ruja

• Singer Vinger

• Smilers

• Tanel Padar & The Sun

• Terminaator

• The Princes

• The Tuberkuloited

• Ultima Thule

• Vanilla Ninja

• Vennaskond

• Winny Puhh

• Ziggy Wild

title: Rock music in Estonia


text:
Boricua College

Boricua College is a private college in New York City designed to serve the educational needs of Puerto Ricans and other Latinos in the United States.

Faculty
The college was founded by a group of educators and community organizers, including Antonia Pantoja, Victor G. Alicea, Mildred Rodriguez, Francisco G. Ortiz, and Héctor A. Santiago. In 1970, Pantoja created the Puerto Rican Research and Resource Center in Washington, D.C. Through the center, Pantoja co-founded and became the president of the Universidad Boricua, which later evolved into Boricua College. In 1974 Victor G. Alicea was appointed president of the college and has remained in that role ever since.

Faculty
The school employs a largely bilingual faculty and staff of 130 full-time and 100 part-time members. According to its Self Study Report (2014) to the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, in fall 2012-13 it had 59.5 full-time faculty and 25 part-time adjunct faculty. More than 90% are Latine. It serves a student population of 1,200.

Campuses
The college has four campuses: in Audubon Terrace, Washington Heights, Manhattan; North Williamsburg, Brooklyn; East Williamsburg, Brooklyn; and the Bronx.

Accreditation
Boricua College is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. In the spring of 2014 the Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC/CAEP) evaluated Boricua College's Audit Brief and recommended it "above standard" for TEAC's three quality principles: Candidate Learning, Faculty Learning, and Capacity and Commitment of the institution. TEAC/CAEP met and accepted the recommendation and accredited, for the maximum allowable of seven years (spring 2014 to spring 2021), the college's Bachelor of Science degree program in Childhood Education that included the Generic Studies Liberal Arts and Sciences core curriculum program, and the Masters in Science degree program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). This national achievement complements the authorization of these programs by the New York State Education Department and the State Certification of the graduates.

Student body and graduation
The college's courses are taught using Bloom's taxonomy model from the 1950s. The model emphasizes the importance of critical thinking skills and clarification of values and increasing students' capacity for self-reflection. Its student body is 79% adult (over 25 years old with family responsibilities) which puts it in the nontraditional category.

In his book Access to Freedom, James Hall considers Boricua College as a nontraditional college. Hall explains that these colleges cater to adult, working students who may take much longer than the six years taken by traditional students to graduate.

According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, Boricua College's graduation rate is reportedly 54% among first-time college students who entered in 2006 and graduated in 2012. When students who transfer out to other colleges are taken into account, that positive completion rate is given by the National Center as 69%. Further, during the last 10 years the college's education department has program completers who pass the New York State certification examinations at more than the required 80% rate.

Notable alumni

 * Félix Ortiz, former New York State Assemblyman and Assistant Speaker of the New York State Assembly.
 * Robert Torres (stage name Sabor Latino), Hip Hop artist and author

Notable visitors
In January 2000 President Bill Clinton visited the Brooklyn campus at its Graham Avenue learning center to inaugurate a Small Business Association at the college.

title: Boricua College


text:
Category:Centropomidae

The Centropomidae are ray-finned fish in family Centropomidae, belonging to order Perciformes. This category consists of articles on genera and species in this family.

title: Category:Centropomidae


text:
Ilderton

Ilderton may refer to:

Places

 * Canada
 * Ilderton, Ontario

 * England
 * Ilderton, Northumberland

title: Ilderton


text:
La Verendrye (electoral district)

La Vérendrye is a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created by redistribution in 1879, and has existed since that time, making it one of the oldest ridings in Manitoba.

Located in the southeastern region of the province, it is bordered within Manitoba by the neighbouring electoral divisions of Lac du Bonnet, Dawson Trail, Steinbach, Springfield-Ritchot, Midland, and Borderland to the west and north; by the province of Ontario to the east; and by the U.S. state of Minnesota to most of the south.

Communities in the riding include Buffalo Point (and Buffalo Point First Nation), Gardenton, Grunthal, Kleefeld, La Broquerie, Marchand, Middlebro, New Bothwell, Otterburne, Piney, St. Malo, St-Pierre-Jolys, Sarto, Sprague, Stuartburn, Sundown, Vassar, Vita, and Woodridge. The Lake of the Woods' Buffalo Bay is also in the riding.

La Vérendrye was a hotly contested riding between the Liberals and Conservatives in its earliest years. After 1922, it became dominated by the Progressives, who later became the Liberal-Progressives before metamorphosizing into the Liberals again. It remained with the Liberals even as the party dwindled to third-party status in the 1960s. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba (PCs) seized the riding in 1973 and held it for the next three decades, during which time it was usually fairly safe for the PCs.

In the 1999 election, Ron Lemieux became the first New Democrat to be elected for the constituency. He was re-elected in the 2003 election with almost 60% of the popular vote. The boundary changes of 2008 greatly changed the borders of the riding, which contributed to the decisive victory of PC candidate Dennis Smook in the 2011 election. Lemieux was personally re-elected to the newly created riding of Dawson Trail.

The La Vérendrye riding has remained under PCs since 2011, with Konrad Narth most recently being elected in October 2023 to replace retiring MLA Smook.

The riding is named for Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de La Vérendrye, explorer and fur trader under whose authority Fort Rouge was built in 1738 in what is now Winnipeg.

Demographics
The riding's population in 1996 was 19,558. In 1999, the average family income was $49,308, and the unemployment rate was 5.9%. Manufacturing accounts for 12% of the riding's industry, followed by the service sector at 11%.

Before the electoral boundaries redistricting done prior to the 2011 election, La Verendrye had the second-highest francophone population in Manitoba (after St. Boniface), at 23% of the total population. Nine percent of the riding's residents were German, and 7% were Indigenous.

As of the 2021 census, the riding has a total population of 25,185, 92.5% of whom are Canadian citizens. The median age of constituents is 32.8. The construction industry accounts for 15.2% of the riding's labour force, followed by agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting at 14%.

People of German ethnicity now make up the largest ethnic or cultural group of the riding's population with 25.3%, followed by Mennonites at 17.6% and French at 14.5%. Seventeen point two percent of the population were identified to have Indigenous identity.

As of 2021, the community includes 2 hospitals, 4 personal care homes, and 17 schools.

title: La Verendrye (electoral district)


text: User talk:65.11.66.179

title: User talk:65.11.66.179


text:
Talk:NASDAP

from VfD:

 * Appears to have been created following a redlinked typo. We have all this information (and more) at NSDAP, and I don't think this is a worthwhile redirect to keep... --Rlandmann 04:31, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete; unlikely misspelling redirect. Samaritan
 * Redirect to National Socialist German Workers Party. Estel (talk) 18:26, Dec 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, but strangely, I knew what it was immediately. Wyss 19:07, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect, it's an not entirely uncommon typo. See .  --fvw *  08:01, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * Someone misspelled it already. Someone likely will again. Keep harmless redirect.  Rossami (talk) 03:02, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. There's a real NASDAP out there, the National Association of Secondary Deputy and Assistant Principals,

end moved discussion

title: Talk:NASDAP


text:
Grosvenor Square

Grosvenor Square is a large garden square in the Mayfair district of Westminster, Greater London. It is the centrepiece of the Mayfair property of the Duke of Westminster, and takes its name from the duke's surname "Grosvenor". It was developed for fashionable residences in the 18th century. In the 20th it had an American and Canadian diplomatic presence, and currently is mixed use, commercial.

History
Sir Richard Grosvenor obtained a licence to develop Grosvenor Square and the surrounding streets in 1710, and development took place between 1725 and 1731. The land was sold in individual plots, with 30 different builders or partnerships taking a lease; about half of these had become bankrupt by 1738. Grosvenor Square was one of the three or four most fashionable residential addresses in London from its construction until the Second World War, with numerous leading members of the aristocracy in residence.

The early houses were generally of five or seven bays, with basement, three main stories and an attic. Some attempt was made to produce impressive groupings of houses, and Colen Campbell produced a design for a palatial east side to the square featuring thirty Corinthian columns but this was not carried out and in the end most of the houses were built to individual designs. There were mews behind all four sides.

Many of the houses were rebuilt later in the 18th century or during the 19th century, generally acquiring an extra storey when this happened. Number 23 (later 26) was rebuilt in 1773–74 for the 11th Earl of Derby by Robert Adam, and is regarded as one of the architect's finest works and as a seminal example of how grandeur of effect and sophisticated planning might be achieved on a confined site. It was demolished and rebuilt again in the 1860s. Nearly all of the older houses were demolished during the 20th century and replaced with blocks of flats in a neo-Georgian style, hotels and embassies.

The garden
Providing almost 2.5 hectares of open garden, Grosvenor Square is the second-largest garden square in central London after Russell Square at 2.5 hectares. While Lincoln's Inn Fields at 4.5 hectares is a larger space, it is categorised as an Inn of Court, not a garden square.

Grosvenor Square was originally laid out by gardener John Alston in the 1720s; his 'wilderness worke' design was a celebration of the countryside in the city. However, the gardens have been modified over time to meet the changing needs of those around them. Reserved for residents' use for much of its life, the Grade II-registered landscape was, after the Second World War, made a public space for everyone's enjoyment, through the Roosevelt Memorial Act 1946 It was then managed by the Royal Parks until 2018, when Grosvenor Britain & Ireland took over its management.

Following an international Call for Ideas in 2018, Grosvenor confirmed that the square would be redesigned to enhance its contribution to the environment and local communities. In June 2022, Westminster City Council approved a proposal to transform the square into "an extraordinary garden with groundbreaking environmental credentials". It is expected that, once started, the works would take around two years to complete.

Bentley Boys of the 1920s
In the 1920s, four of the "Bentley Boys" – Woolf Barnato, Tim Birkin, Glen Kidston and Bernard Rubin – took adjacent flats in the fashionable south-east corner of the square, where their day-long parties became something of social legend. So common was the sight of their large, green sports cars parked ad hoc outside their flats, that for many years London cab drivers referred to the spot as "Bentley Corner".

American presence
Grosvenor Square was long a center of American presence in London beginning when John Adams established the first American mission to the Court of St. James's in 1785. Adams lived, from 1785 to 1788, in the house which still stands on the corner of Brook and Duke Streets.

During the Second World War American general Dwight D. Eisenhower established a military headquarters at 20 Grosvenor Square, and during this time the square was nicknamed "Eisenhower Platz". Until 2009, the United States Navy continued to use this building as its headquarters for United States Naval Forces Europe. A statue of wartime president Franklin D. Roosevelt sculpted by Sir William Reid Dick stands in the square, as does a later statue of Eisenhower, and a statue of president Ronald Reagan. The square also contains the Eagle Squadrons Memorial.

The former United States Embassy of 1938–1960 on the square was purchased by the Canadian government and renamed Macdonald House. It was part of the Canadian High Commission in London until 2014, when all the functions of the Canadian High Commission were transferred to Canada House in Trafalgar Square.

In 1960, a new United States Embassy was built on the western side of Grosvenor Square. This was a large and architecturally significant modern design by Eero Saarinen, being at the time a controversial insertion into a mainly Georgian and neo-Georgian district of London. In March and October 1968, there were large demonstrations in the square against US involvement in the Vietnam War. On both occasions, the protest became violent. After 2001 a series of anti-terrorist devices were installed around the embassy, and the road running along the front of the building was closed completely to traffic. In 2006, the Grosvenor Square Safety Group residents association took out advertisements in The Washington Post and The Times, accusing the Metropolitan Police and local government of a "moral failure" for not closing two other roads adjacent to the embassy.

In 2008, the United States Government chose a site for a new embassy in the Nine Elms area of the London Borough of Wandsworth, south of the River Thames. Construction of the new Embassy of the United States in London began in 2013, with relocation completed by 2017. In October 2009, following a recommendation by English Heritage, the Saarinen designed building was granted Grade II listed status. The listing means that the new owners will not be allowed to change the facade, which includes the 35-foot-wingspread gilded-aluminium eagle that hovers above the main entrance. In November 2009, the Grosvenor Square property was purchased by the Qatari Diar investment group.

Adlai Stevenson
On 14 July 1965, while walking with Marietta Tree, the then-U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, suffered a heart attack, later dying at the old St George's Hospital at Hyde Park Corner. As they reached the front of the Sportsman's Club, his last words were reportedly to ask her to slow down.

Oscar Wilde
The writer Oscar Wilde lived in Grosvenor Square between 1883 and 1884, and references to the square appear in four of his works (see section below).

Memorial to victims of 11 September 2001
Since 2003, the east of the gardens has contained a memorial garden to 67 British victims of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks. The poem For Katrina's Sun-Dial by Henry van Dyke was chosen for inscription on an elliptical granite block engraved with the names of the victims, underneath which is buried a piece of the steel wreckage.

Diplomatic property sell-off
The former United States Navy building at 20 Grosvenor Square was sold in 2007 for £250 million to Richard Caring, who planned to turn it into 41 residential apartments. The Abu Dhabi Investment Council and property developer Finchatton then bought the building for the same amount in April 2013, with planning permission to convert the building into 31 luxury apartments.

In September 2013, the Government of Canada announced its intention to sell its High Commission building at 1 Grosvenor Square and "consolidate its diplomatic activity in the UK in a single, central location in Canada House on Trafalgar Square".

Notable buildings
Most of the buildings on Grosvenor Square are in the Georgian style of architecture.
 * No. 1 – Macdonald House, formerly part of the High Commission of Canada, being redeveloped into high-end residences
 * No. 4 – Back entrance to the Embassy of Italy
 * No. 10 – London Marriott Hotel Grosvenor Square
 * No. 20 – Former United States Navy building, being converted into upscale apartments
 * No. 24 – Eero Saarinen-designed former location of the Embassy of the United States, being redeveloped by Rosewood Hotels into a luxury hotel designed by David Chipperfield
 * No. 38 – Former Embassy of Indonesia, converted by Venue Lab into an event space
 * No. 44 – The Biltmore Mayfair hotel, formerly the Millennium Hotel London Mayfair
 * No. 47 - Former residence of Raine, Countess Spencer, during her first marriage to the Earl of Dartmouth.

In popular culture

 * Robert Hunter's lyrics for the Grateful Dead song Scarlet Begonias begin with the line "As I was walkin' 'round Grosvenor Square".
 * It appears in the title of several novels including The Lonely Lady of Grosvenor Square by Mrs. Henry De La Pasture (1907), The Grosvenor Square Goodbye by Francis Clifford (1978), and The House in Grosvenor Square by Linore Rose Burkard (2009).
 * In Little Dorrit by Charles Dickens, the Barnacles are said to live at "number twenty-four, Mews Street, Grosvenor Square" which "was not absolutely Grosvenor Square itself but it was very near it".
 * In the 1960 Universal Pictures thriller Midnight Lace, Doris Day is terrorized in Grosvenor Square as she leaves the U.S. Embassy at 1 Grosvenor Square during a London "pea-soup" fog. As she crosses the square to her residence, an unseen voice near the statue of Franklin D. Roosevelt threatens to kill her before the month is out.
 * In the opening act in the play An Ideal Husband by Oscar Wilde, the first scene is in "the octagon room at Sir Robert Chiltern's house in Grosvenor Square".
 * It is mentioned in the play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde, when Lady Bracknell makes a comment about violence in Grosvenor Square because of the lower classes (or, depending on one's sense of humour, the upper classes) receiving education.
 * In Oscar Wilde's play Lady Windermere's Fan, the Duchess of Berwick says, "I think on the whole that Grosvenor Square would be a more healthy place to reside in. There are lots of vulgar people live in Grosvenor Square, but at any rate there are no horrid kangaroos crawling about."
 * Dorian Gray, the protagonist of Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, lives in or close to Grosvenor Square.
 * Alfred Sutro's one-act play A Marriage Has Been Arranged (1904) portrays a ball in "the Conservatory of No. 300 Grosvenor Square".
 * Caroline Bingley makes a comment regarding the local dance in Pride and Prejudice "We are a long way from Grosvenor Square, are we not, Mr Darcy".
 * It is used as a reference to the CIA's London office in the BBC spy drama Spooks.
 * In Julia Quinn's novel The Duke & I – also published under the title Bridgerton – Grosvenor Square is the main setting for both the Bridgertons' and the Featheringtons' London homes. It is also featured in the Netflix series Bridgerton.
 * Roy Harper sings the line "don't you think you could have taken Grandad and his medals And played a different game in Grosvenor Square" in his 1971 anti-war song One Man Rock and Roll Band.
 * is one of Letitia Elizabeth Landon's Scenes in London in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1836. In it a travelling orphan boy (the Savoyard) sings for his bread, only to be ignored by the wealthy gentry. He takes comfort at the sight of an orange tree, a reminder of nature and home.

title: Grosvenor Square


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Paul Phillips (poker player)

Paul Phillips (born August 9, 1972, in San Francisco, California) is an American software developer, entrepreneur and poker player.

Programming
Phillips wrote the Boa web server while attending the University of California, San Diego, but no longer maintains it. In 1994, one of his colleagues at college discovered he had an interest in blackjack and subsequently introduced him to poker.

In 1996, he became Chief Technical Officer for Go2Net. This success is the basis of his nickname Dot-com.

Phillips subsequently started working on the Scala compiler and standard library. He is co-founder of Lightbend (then known as Typesafe), a company specializing in the production and support of an open-source platform for software development based on Scala and Akka. He left Lightbend in 2013 over differences in the architecture of the language, collections library and compiler.

Poker
Phillips is known as a controversial figure in the poker world. He was banned from competing in the World Series of Poker (WSOP) in the early 2000s due to comments he made about the way in which the Horseshoe split entry money between players and casino employees. Despite being reinstated as a competitor in late 2001, he only played one event in 2002 (placing 2nd to John Juanda in the $1,500 triple draw lowball Ace to Five event).

Despite choosing not to play in the WSOP, Phillips finished 2nd in the 2003 Tournament Poker Money List.

In 2004 he made three WSOP final tables (one in Omaha hi-lo split and two in no limit hold'em.)

He spoke out against the inclusion of Phil Hellmuth Jr, Doyle "Texas Dolly" Brunson and Johnny "Oriental Express" Chan in the 2005 World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions, and subsequently became the subject of message board flame wars.

Phillips has played in both of the first two National Heads-Up Poker Championships, losing in second round play both years.

As of 2012, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,300,000. However, Phillips has no tournament cashes since 2005.

In an April 27, 2009, article in The New Yorker on neuroenhancement, Phillips was quoted at length discussing his use of prescription drugs such as Adderall and Provigil to improve his focus and concentration during tournament play.

Personal life
Phillips is married with two daughters, and has not played as many poker tournaments since 2005 to spend more time with his family.

Phillips is also active among internet bulletin boards and played tournament Scrabble regularly until 2007.

Phillips was popular on the platform LiveJournal in the early 2000s, where he opined on programming, poker, and lifestyle controversies.

title: Paul Phillips (poker player)