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Ruth First

Heloise Ruth First OLG (4 May 1925 – 17 August 1982) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and scholar. She was assassinated in Mozambique, where she was working in exile, by a parcel bomb built by South African police.

Family and education
Ruth First's Jewish parents, Julius First and Matilda Levetan, emigrated to South Africa from Latvia in 1906 and became founding members of the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA), the forerunner of the South African Communist Party (SACP). Ruth First was born in 1925 and brought up in Johannesburg. Like her parents, she joined the Communist Party, which was allied with the African National Congress in its struggle to overthrow the apartheid government of South Africa.

As a teenager, First attended Jeppe High School for Girls and then became the first person in her family to attend university. She received her bachelor's degree from the University of the Witwatersrand in 1946. While she was at university, she found that "on a South African campus, the student issues that matter are national issues". She was involved in the founding of the Federation of Progressive Students, also known as the Progressive Students League, and got to know, among other fellow students, Nelson Mandela, future President of South Africa, and Eduardo Mondlane, the first leader of the Mozambique freedom movement FRELIMO.

After graduating, First worked as a research assistant for the Social Welfare Division of the Johannesburg City Council. In 1946, her position in the Communist Party was boosted significantly after a series of mine strikes during which leading members of the Party were arrested. First then became the editor-in-chief of the radical newspaper The Guardian, which was subsequently banned by the state. Through investigative journalism, First exposed the racial segregation policies known as apartheid, targeting black South Africans following the rise of the National Party in 1948.

In 1949, she married Joe Slovo, a South African anti-apartheid activist and Communist, with whom she had three daughters, Shawn, Gillian and Robyn. Together, Slovo and First became a leading force in the 1950s protest era in which the government outlawed any movements that opposed their policies.

In addition to her work with The Guardian and its successors, the South African Congress of Democrats (COD), a white-only wing of the Congress Alliance, was founded in 1953 with support from First. In 1955, she assumed the position of editor of a radical political journal called Fighting Talk. First and Slovo were also members of the African National Congress, in addition to the Communist Party. She also played an active role during the extensive riots of the 1950s.

Treason trial and detention
First was one of the defendants in the Treason Trial of 1956–1961, alongside 155 other leading anti-apartheid activists who were key figures in the Congress Alliance. First's early work and writings were largely used as evidence to prove treason on behalf of the Congress Alliance.

Following four years of harassment by the state, First alongside the 155 other activists were all acquitted of their charges. After the state of emergency that followed the Sharpeville massacre in 1960, she was listed and banned. She could not attend meetings or publish, and she could not be quoted. In 1963, during another government crackdown, she was imprisoned and held in isolation without charge for 117 days under the Ninety-Day Detention Law. She was the first white woman to be detained under this law.

Exile and assassination
In March 1964, First went into exile in London, where she became active in the British Anti-Apartheid Movement. She was a Research Fellow at the University of Manchester in 1972, and between 1973 and 1978 she lectured in development studies at the University of Durham. She also spent periods on secondment at universities in Dar es Salaam and Lourenço Marques, Maputo.

In November 1978, First took up the post of director of research at the Centre of African Studies (Centro de Estudos Africanos), Universidade Eduardo Mondlane in Maputo, Mozambique. She was assassinated by the order of Craig Williamson, a major in the South African Police, on 17 August 1982, when she opened a parcel bomb that had been sent to the university. Bridget O'Laughlin, an anthropologist working with First, was in First's office when she was murdered, and testified to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

Memoirs
First's book, 117 Days, is her account of her arrest, imprisonment and interrogation by the South African Police Special Branch in 1963. It was first published in 1965. The memoir provides a detailed account of how she endured "isolation and sensory deprivation" while withstanding "pressure to provide information about her comrades to the Special Branch". Her daughter, the writer Gillian Slovo, published her own memoir, Every Secret Thing: My Family, My Country, in 1997. It is an account of her childhood in South Africa and her relationship with her activist parents.

Films
The film A World Apart (1988), which has a screenplay by her daughter Shawn Slovo and was directed by Chris Menges, is a biographical story about a young white girl living in South Africa with anti-apartheid activist parents, although the family is called Roth in the film. Barbara Hershey plays the character based on Ruth First.

The 2006 film Catch a Fire about the activist Patrick Chamusso was written by Shawn Slovo, and in it First is portrayed by another daughter, Robyn Slovo, who was also one of the film's producers.

Patrol vessel

In 2005, the South African Department of Environmental Affairs launched an environmental patrol vessel named Ruth First.

In March 2011, the country of The Gambia issued a postage stamp in her honour, naming her as one of the Legendary Heroes of Africa.

Main published works

 * (with R. Segal),
 * (co-edited with J. Steele and C. Gurney),
 * (with Ann Scott),
 * (co-edited with J. Steele and C. Gurney),
 * (with Ann Scott),
 * (with Ann Scott),
 * (with Ann Scott),

title: Ruth First


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Light of Things Hoped for

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was KEEP. sjorford →•← 09:22, 3 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Light of Things Hoped for
Hopelessly POV praise for this album. Almost everything appearing here is subjective. It's worthless as an article. - Vague | Rant 06:37, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I've just done cleanup to salvage the article, and I've moved the article to the appropriate title. In case you are wondering, I have no idea who these people are or what their music sounds like (nor do I have any inclination to find out) but a quick search shows that they are notable in their field. --Viriditas 08:23, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I've got no problem with the band or the revised writing, and I appreciate the effort at saving the article, but all I can determine is that the band is notable and deserving of an article, but not that this album is notable. Geogre 15:02, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm inclined to agree with you. It's ranked 32,441 on Amazon.com! Heh.  But, it's got 16 customer reviews on Amazon, and somewhere around 3,090 google hits.  I still think the album is notable in its own genre.  Again, I've never heard of this band, nor this album before this deletion. --Viriditas 21:33, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep, worthy of note. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 21:29, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: DCEdwards1966 22:17, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. As notable as any other piece of popular music (i.e. not very). [[User:GeorgeStepanek|GeorgeStepanek\talk ]] 02:04, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * WTF? Keep.  "Praise" is not a reason to delete articles.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 03:21, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - Absolutely no valid reason to delete. -- Crevaner 21:34, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, plenty of other albums on wikipedia. -- Old Right 23:31, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep It's not bad right now... the band is a side-project of FIF who aren't terribly unknown --JohnM 22:56, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep There's no real reason to delete this - there are plenty of albums listed on wikipedia. If this one gets axed, all of them should too. --Rockingharder 20:44, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep I do not see a reason to purge this article, as other albums are listed, too. Degrees 00:08, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Paradise Ranch

Paradise Ranch is a 2011 South Korean television series that aired on SBS. It stars Lee Yeon-hee and Shim Chang-min as a divorced couple who married when they were 19, then meet six years later and rediscover their feelings for each other. It was filmed on location in Jeju and Australia.

Synopsis
Han Dong-joo and Lee Da-ji were childhood friends who fell desperately in love and married at 19 after struggling to get their parents' approval. But they divorced after six months. Six years later, they meet coincidentally at a horse auction in Australia. When Dong-joo, the grandson of a tycoon, goes to Jeju Island to develop a resort, he ends up living with his ex-wife, who is now a horse veterinarian. They discover that their feelings for each other are still very much alive.

Cast

 * Main characters
 * Shim Chang-min as Han Dong-joo
 * Lee Yeon-hee as Lee Da-ji
 * Joo Sang-wook as Seo Yoon-ho
 * Yoo Ha-na as Park Jin-young

 * Supporting characters
 * Chun Ho-jin as Lee Eok-soo
 * Im Soo-hyang as Lee Da-eun
 * Jang Yong as Han Suk-sang
 * Ahn Suk-hwan as Han Tae-man
 * Na Young-hee as Lee Bok-shim
 * Lee Si-eon as Secretary Lee
 * Park Soo-hyun as Baek In-soo
 * Lee Doo-il as Shim Soo-bong
 * Yoon Ye-hee as Kang Yang-ja
 * Choi Jong-yoon as Bang Jong-dae
 * Jung Eun-pyo as President Yang
 * Yoon Ji-min as Ji Mil-hye
 * Jo Sung-ha as Jin-young's father
 * Shin Pyo as Ki-tae
 * Song Yoo-hyun as Yoo Song-yi
 * Choi Soo-young as Tae-man's secretary (cameo, ep 3)
 * Jin Tae-hyun (cameo)
 * Yoon Ye-ri

Music
The show's theme song was composed by Lee Pil-ho and the score was composed by Lee Pil-ho and Park Geun-tae. The lyrics for "Confession" were written by Shim Chang-min and is taken from TVXQ's album, Keep Your Head Down. The song "Journey" was also from the same album. The soundtrack was first released in two parts, Part 1 on 26 January 2011 and Part 2 on 31 January 2011. The full original soundtrack was digitally released on 9 February 2011 and released in stores on 11 February 2011.

International broadcast
It aired in Japan on DATV in May 2011, on Fuji TV in November 2011, and on KNTV from 9 to 30 April 2012.

Though the series received low viewership ratings in the six to ten percent range during its domestic run, its DVD ranked high on Japan's Oricon weekly chart upon its release in November 2011. Shim Chang-min did the Japanese dubbing for his character on the DVD.

In Thailand aired on Thairath TV beginning December 15, 2015 on Tuesdays to Fridays at 9:00-10:00 a.m.

title: Paradise Ranch


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A Counterblaste to Tobacco

A Counterblaste to Tobacco is a treatise written by King James VI of Scotland and I of England in 1604, in which he expresses his distaste for tobacco, particularly tobacco smoking. As such, it is one of the earliest anti-tobacco publications.

Style and content
It is written in Early Modern English and refers to medical theories of the time (e.g. the four humours). In it, James blames Native Americans for bringing tobacco to Europe, complains about passive smoking, warns of dangers to the lungs, and decries tobacco's odour as "hatefull to the nose."

Effects and legacy
James's dislike of tobacco led him in 1604 to authorize Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, to levy an excise tax and tariff of six shillings and eight pence per pound of tobacco imported, or £1 per three pounds, a large sum of money for the time.

Because of continued high demand for tobacco in England and negative effects on the economies of the American colonies, the king in 1624 instead created a royal monopoly for the crop. 150 years later, British utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham would cite A Counterblaste to Tobacco as an example of antipathy run wild.

title: A Counterblaste to Tobacco


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Talk:List of lord high treasurers of England and Great Britain

[Untitled]
Who is "General Edward Montagu" (listed in the 1660 commission, shortly after the Restoration)? By 1660, Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester was a peer (and he would probably have been called by his peerage). The other Edward Montagu—Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich—makes more sense, but Lord Sandwich was an admiral, not a general. notes the commissioner's name as "Montagu, Sir E.," so I seem to lean toward the latter. ugen64 06:45, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'd imagine it's Sandwich - I'd think military ranks in the 17th century were somewhat fluid. But I'm not sure. john k 08:50, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Would anyone seriously object if I divided this further into sections based on ministry? It's awfully hard to edit at the moment. Mackensen (talk) 02:22, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Plural
Shouldn't this be "Lords High Treasurer"? Hairy Dude (talk) 20:30, 22 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I imagine. --Counter-revolutionary (talk) 20:38, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Yes.Katiehawks (talk) 18:20, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:List of Lord Lieutenants of Anglesey which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 15:22, 27 September 2023 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Conley Read

Conley Read was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Conley Read
Vanity. Or perhaps a misplaced user page for User:Cread? --MarkSweep 06:47, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. --Gtabary 10:22, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. -- Sietse 11:39, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Vanity of the 3rd order. Geogre 14:59, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Appears to be autobiography. The user does appear to be the creator of user:cread but still also edits as an IP, ie without signing on. Andrewa 16:17, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:Mo0|Mo0 [ talk ] ]] 06:39, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --MPerel 09:28, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.