text:
Ghost (Dark Horse Comics)

Ghost is the fictional superhero of an eponymous comic book published by American company Dark Horse Comics. The character appeared in specials and monthly titles detailing the afterlife of Elisa Cameron and her search for the truth surrounding her (apparent) death.

Ghost first appeared in Comics' Greatest World, week three, in 1993. After a popular special in 1994, a monthly title devoted to the character began publication in 1995. It ran for 36 issues, followed by a six-month break and a second series of 22 issues. The second series was a continuation of the first with a number of changes, including new details about Ghost's origin. The stories in both series were based in (and around) the city of Arcadia, in a self-contained fictional universe outlined in Dark Horse's Comics' Greatest World.

Ghost continued appearing in her own titles (and others) into the 2000s, including several crossovers unrelated to Comics' Greatest World. Most notable among these were a two-issue crossover with Dark Horse's Hellboy (Ghost/Hellboy), and a four-issue crossover with DC Comics' Batgirl (Ghost/Batgirl: The Resurrection Machine).

Premise
The series takes place in Arcadia, which is intended to be a grim, yet Art Deco city, as reflected in the artwork of the early issues. The body of protagonist Elisa Cameron contains nanomites which give her spectral powers. She becomes an assassin and her memories are erased. Now having few memories, she believes she is an actual ghost and adopts the alias of "the Ghost" in order to carry out investigations.

List of appearances

 * Comics' Greatest World week 3 ("Arcadia: Ghost") (1993)
 * Ghost Special (1994)
 * Series 1: Issues #1-36 (1995–98)
 * Ghost Special 2 ("Immortal Coil") (1998)
 * Series 2: Issues #1-4
 * Ghost Special 3 ("Scary Monsters") (1998)
 * Series 3: Issues #5-22
 * Ghost Handbook
 * X #8 (written by Steven Grant, pencils by Matt Haley, inks by Tom Simmons)
 * Ghost Omnibus Vol. 1 (2008) (reprints of Ghost Special 1, Series 1 issues #1-12 and A Decade of Dark Horse, issue #2. ISBN 978-1-59307-992-5)
 * Ghost Omnibus Vol. 2 (2009) (reprints Series 1, issues #13–26. ISBN 978-1-59582-213-0)
 * Dark Horse Presents (third series) #13 "Resurrection Mary" (written by Kelly Sue Deconnick, art by Phil Noto; serialized since June 2012)
 * Ghost - In The Smoke And Din: 4-issue mini-series (written by Kelly Sue Deconnick, art by Phil Noto; serialized since October 2012)
 * Ghost Omnibus Vol. 3 (2012) (reprints of Ghost Special 2–3, Series 1 issues #27–36, Ghost stories from Dark Horse Presents, issues #145–147. ISBN 978-1-59582-374-8)
 * Ghost Omnibus Vol. 4 (2013) (reprints Series 2 issues #1-11 and the Ghost story from Dark Horse Presents Annual 1999. ISBN 978-1-61655-080-6)

Collaborations

 * Ghost & The Shadow: Doug Moench (writer), H. M. Baker (pencils), Bernard Kolle (inks), Matt Haley and Tom Simmons (cover); one-issue special (1995)
 * Ghost/Hellboy: Mike Mignola (writer and cover art), Scott Benefiel (pencils), Jason Rodriguez (inks); two issues (1996)
 * Ghost/Batgirl: The Resurrection Machine: Four issues (2001)

Characters

 * Elisa Cameron (Ghost)

Family

 * Earl Cameron (first appeared in Ghost Special)
 * Margo Cameron (first appeared in Ghost Special)
 * Dan Deerlane (first appeared in Volume Two)
 * June Deerlane-Cameron (first appeared in Ghost Special)

Friends and allies

 * The Furies (all-female group; first appeared in #11, Vol. 1):
 * Focus
 * Frenzy
 * Kinetic
 * Mindgame
 * The Goblins (introduced in Vol. 1, #1 and #23)
 * Hob (goblin, first appearing in Vol. 1, #28)
 * Concordia Leveche (first appeared in Vol. 2)
 * Peter Neville (first appeared in Vol. 1, #1)
 * Nicola Provenzano (first appeared in Vol. 2)
 * Jennifer Reading (first appeared in Vol. 1, #28)

Crossover characters

 * The Shadow
 * X (first series; appeared in #9, #15, #20–-27 and #32)
 * Barb Wire (first series; appeared in #5, #17–19, Special #2)
 * King Tiger (first series; appeared in #2–3, #11, #22–23, #25–27)
 * Vortex (Vol. 2; introduced in Comics' Greatest World, Week 16)
 * Cassandra Cain (Batgirl)
 * Hellboy
 * The Mask

Villains

 * Crux (first appeared in Vol. 1, #10)
 * Fear Demons
 * Ghost Hunters (first appeared in Vol. 2)
 * Ghost Killers
 * Hunger (first appeared in Vol. 1, #6)
 * The Incubi (first appeared in Vol. 1, #28)
 * Krasher
 * James MacCready (Ghost Special)
 * Miasma (first appeared in Vol. 1, #13)
 * Cameron Nemo (introduced in Vol. 1, #1)
 * Doctor October (first appeared in Vol. 1, #6)
 * Mr. Borazzon (Special 2)
 * Mr. Park (first appeared in Vol. 1, #29)
 * Archibald Scythe (first appeared in Vol. 1, #4)
 * Shades (introduced in Vol. 1, #8)
 * Silhouette (introduced in Vol. 1, #12)
 * Snake (first appeared in Vol. 1, #1)
 * Szothstromael Family (first appeared in Vol. 2, #7)
 * The Trio:
 * Towering Chris
 * Malcolm Greymater
 * Coral ("Trixie") King
 * Trouvaille (first major appearance in Vol. 1, #30)
 * Joe Yimbo (pun on the Japanese Yojimbo; first appeared in 1994's Ghost Special)

Creators
The first key series and the first special (1995–1998) were written by Eric Luke. Below is a list of issues and their art teams; if a team (or individual) repeats, only last names will be used.
 * Special: Matt Haley (pencils), Tom Simmons (inks), Adam Hughes (cover) (1994)
 * 1–3: Adam Hughes (pencils), Mark Farmer (inks) (April–June 1995)
 * 4: Haley and Simmons (July 1995)
 * 5: Terry Dodson and Lee Moder (pencils), Gary Martin and Ande Parks (inks) (August 1995)
 * 6–7: Scott Benefiel (pencils), Jasen Rodriguez (inks) (September–October 1995)
 * 8: George Dove (pencils), Bernard Kolle (inks) (November 1995)
 * 9: H.M. Baker (pencils), Bob Wiacek (inks) (December 1995)
 * 10: Baker, Kolle (January 1996)
 * 11: David Bullock (pencils), Gary Martin (inks) (February 1996)
 * 12–13: Bullock, Randy Emberlin (inks) (March–April 1996)
 * 14: Steve Yeowell (pencils), Emberlin (inks) (May 1996)
 * 15-16: Doug Braithwaite (pencils), Emberlin (inks) (June–July 1996)
 * 17: Ivan Reis (pencils), Barbara Kaalberg (inks) (August 1996)
 * 18-25: Reis and Emberlin (September 1996–April 1997)
 * 26: Benefiel and Rodriguez (May 1997)
 * 27: John Cassaday (pencils), Martin (June 1997)
 * 28-31: Reis and Emberlin (July–October 1997)
 * 32: Baker and Kolle (November 1997)
 * 33-36: Reis and Emberlin (December 1997–March 1998)

Covers for the series were rarely by the same artist as the issue itself. The following is a list of who did which covers; as above, full names will be used only at the first occurrence.
 * 1–3, 5–7: Hughes
 * 4: Haley and Simmons
 * 8: Baker
 * 9, 11, 17: Brian Apthorp and Martin
 * 10, 12–14: Stan Manoukian and Vince Roucher
 * 15: Benefiel and Rodriguez
 * 16, 18: Braithwaite and Cam Smith
 * 19: Jason Pearson
 * 20-24: Cassady and Emberlin
 * 25, 32: Imagemakers and David Stewart, with Yvonne Epstein modeling (photo cover)
 * 26-27: Denis Beauvais
 * 28-31: Chris Warner
 * 33-36: Tony Harris

The series largely adopted a two- and four-issue story-arc structure for its final year.

Storylines

 * Special, X #8, #1–12: Reporter Elisa Cameron is dead. She gradually reconciles with her sister Margo, and moves in with her and their newly-sober parents. Her parents are later murdered by a shadowy psionic to dissuade her from a news story she was investigating. Elisa has a fondness for jade, which prevents her from "ghosting" (passing through objects). She can teleport (which she calls "jumping"), but must pass a hellish region to do so. Elisa faces a number of psionics led by Dr. October, a woman who wanted to eliminate Elisa for her beauty even in death. She also must deal with a demon (Cameron Nemo), who escapes from her "hell" (causing a great deal of destruction), before King Tiger helps her defeat him. Elisa learns that her jumps, her hell and Nemo are figments of her imagination. She slowly introduces herself to Peter, a man she sees visiting the graveyard. Elisa's alliance with Barb Wire (a bounty hunter from Steel Harbor) results in her receiving a warning that Archibald Scythe (a psionic from her past) is coming for her. Margo falls under Scythe's spell, while an all-female paranormal team (the Furies) joins with Elisa to defeat him. Margo, driven by rage, summons up strange "shade-like" tears which defeat Scythe (but cost her her life).
 * # 13–25: Crux (the man responsible for the deaths of Elisa's parents) tries to remove Elisa, causing a panic in the underworld and seriously injuring Peter. Shortly afterwards Cameron Nemo escapes from hell and takes over Scythe's body, becoming a lurking presence in her afterlife. Aided by X, King Tiger and Focus (leader of the Furies), Elisa discovers a tape with evidence of her death. Tracing the tape to Crux (who is planning to invade a secret city beneath Arcadia and recover a key which will give him power), Elisa and her companions help the Goblins (living in the secret city) by defeating Crux. Just before his death, Crux admits that he caused everything—from her parents' murders to the psionic hunters and Elisa's death. Elisa then becomes Sentinel of Arcadia.
 * # 26–36: Dr. October resurfaces, but is quickly defeated. Peter and Elisa slowly develop a relationship while Elisa, aided by the Goblins, tries to protect the city. She encounters Dr. Trouvaille, who experiments with the spirits of his victims; he calls her "the failed one", hinting that he knows secrets unrevealed by Crux. Margo, somehow alive and possessed by a being known as Silhouette, tries to destroy Arcadia but is saved by Elisa.

Creators
The series was re-launched in the fall of 1998 with a new creative staff. An attempt was made to make the artwork sleeker, sexier and more beautiful than the previous series. Like the first series, the second adapted a mini-series approach. The following is a list of the staff; when repeated, only the surname will be used:
 * 1–6: Chris Warner (writer), Christian Zanier (pencils), Steve Moncuse (inks), Ryan Benjamin (covers)
 * 7–10 ("Shifter"): Warner and Mike Kennedy (writers), Zanier (pencils), Moncuse (inks), Benjamin (covers)
 * 11–15 (12–15, "Red Shadows"): Warner (writer), Benjamin (art)
 * 16–17("When the Devil Daydreams"): Kennedy (writer), Francisco Ruiz Valesco and Benjamin (art)
 * 18–19: Kennedy (writer), Benjamin (art), Denis Beauvais (cover)
 * 20: Kennedy (writer), Benjamin (art)
 * 21: Kennedy (writer), Benjamin (art), Beauvais (cover)
 * 22: Kennedy (writer), Benjamin and Lucas Marangnon (pencils), Moncuse and Mike Henry (inks), Benjamin (cover)

Storylines

 * # 1–6: Elisa learns from the mysterious Concordia Leveche that she is not really dead. Instead, her "death" is linked to Scythe and Trouvaille (who are conducting experiments in which souls are stripped from their bodies, "rendered" and replaced with beings from another dimension). Trouvaille captures Elisa, and shows her the tape. From it, she learns that she killed Crux. Trouvaille, aided by Scythe, tries ripping Elisa's soul from her body, but during the procedure Cameron Nemo briefly appears. Elisa then vanishes. Silhouette is back in control of Margo's body while Margo's soul awaits rendering. Elisa escapes and fights Silhouette, who escapes (still controlling Margo's body). Elisa then kills Trouvaille. She has learned that Focus was in league with Trouvaille, and soon discovers the same is true of Peter. She suggests that he commit suicide, while Focus informs Elisa that she had been one of the Furies. Soon, she finds Cameron Scythe. Nemo (who reveals that as part of Elisa's subconscious he has always known her) is returned to Elisa's hell. Margo (now a being like Elisa) appears and shoots Scythe through the skull, killing him.
 * # 7–15: Elisa, Concordia and Margo go to Hoyo Grande to ask King Tiger for help. Instead, they help a depressed Tiger regain his energy and battle the shape-shifting Szothstromael clan. Elisa has a revelatory encounter with the man from the vortex, who "reboots" her brain. This enables her to remember that her biological father (Dan Deerlane) was shot by her adoptive father before her eyes when she was very young; the pain deadened her to that of others, leading to her life as a Fury assassin. Silhouette returns, using Trouvaille's technology to transfer more beings into the bodies of Scythe's remaining followers. Sent as ghost-hunters, they attack Elisa and her friends. Failing that, Trouvaille (whose body is dead but whose essence exists within his armor) joins them to defeat Elisa and complete his experiments. They take Margo and Concordia, but Peter returns to aid Elisa in her battle. Margo's body is recovered, Silhouette is defeated, and Trouvaille and the hunters appear to be eliminated. Giving Peter the brush-off, Elisa leaves with her newly revived sister.

Special issues
Two special issues were published after Eric Luke's series ended, written by writers who did not contribute to the regular series:
 * Ghost Special 2 (Immortal Coil) (1998): Written by Martin Lodewyk, pencils by H. M. Baker, inks by Bernard Kolle, cover by Dave Stewart (featuring model Yvonne Epstein). Set some time after Silhouette appears, the Goblins have yet to return to Arcadia and a worried Elisa must rescue Barb Wire from a South American businessman (Mr. Borazzon).
 * Ghost Special 3 (Scary Monsters) (1998): "Mayfly" written by Tom Sneigoski, "Secrets" written by Lee Swank. Both sections have pencils by H. M. Baker and inks by Bernard Kolle; cover by Baker and Kolle. In "Mayfly", Elisa battles large insect-like creatures controlled by a woman who wants revenge for an accident during her youth. In "Secrets", Elisa reflects on the secrets of people in Arcadia. A man she calls "Bookworm", while seemingly innocuous in breaking into the library to read ancient books every evening, is really planning to raise a demon.

Resurrection Mary
Ghost was revived as part of Dark Horse's Project Black Sky with a new storyline entitled "Resurrection Mary", which launched the third series in Dark Horse Presents #13 cover-dated June 2012. In the three-part serialized story, Elisa's spirit is revived when two investigators from a Ghost Hunters-like TV series, armed with an experimental piece of paranormal technology, investigate a cemetery where a woman in white (called "Resurrection Mary") has been spotted. Eliza appears to have lost her memory; she and the paranormal investigators she befriends cover up her self-defence killing and resolve to solve the mystery of her identity. A notable change for this reboot is that the traditional setting of Arcadia was replaced by Chicago, Illinois. The serial concluded with DHP #15, after which Dark Horse published Ghost #0 in September 2012; this reprinted the three DHP chapters as a prelude to a new series, Ghost: In the Smoke and Din.

Creators
Dark Horse launched a third series, In the Smoke and Din, consisting of four issues published from September 2012. The writer was Kelly Sue DeConnick with art by Phil Noto (pencils).

Creators
Kelly Sue DeConnick returned in 2013 to write a second series for Dark Horse, ending in 2015 with issue #12. This series was collected as Ghost Volume 1–4. The following is a list of the staff; when repeated, only the surname will be used:
 * 1 - 4, Kelly Sue DeConnick (writer), Chris Sebela (writer), Ryan Sook, Drew Johnson, Geraldo Borges (pencils), Richard Starkings (letters)
 * 5 - 8, Chris Sebela (writer), Jan Duursema (pencils), Dan Parsons (inks), Richard Starkings (letters)
 * 9 - 12, Chris Sebela (writer), Harvey Tolibao (pencils), Richard Starkings (letters)

Collections

 * Ghost Stories, Vol. 1, ISBN 978-1-56971-057-9
 * Ghost Omnibus, Volume 1 ISBN 978-1-59307-992-5
 * Ghost Omnibus, Volume 2 ISBN 978-1-59582-213-0
 * Ghost/Batgirl: The Resurrection Machine ISBN 978-1-56971-570-3
 * Ghost/Hellboy Special ISBN 978-1-56971-273-3
 * Ghost Omnibus, Volume 3 ISBN 978-1-59582-374-8
 * Ghost Omnibus, Volume 4 ISBN 978-1-61655-080-6
 * Ghost Omnibus, Volume 5 ISBN 978-1-61655-383-8
 * Ghost Volume 1: In the Smoke and Din ISBN 978-1-61655-121-6
 * Ghost Volume 2: The White City Butcher ISBN 978-1-61655-420-0
 * Ghost Volume 3: Against the Wilderness ISBN 978-1-61655-498-9
 * Ghost Volume 4: A Death in the Family ISBN 978-1-61655-708-9

Reception
Ghost was ranked 15th on the Comics Buyer's Guide's "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.

title: Ghost (Dark Horse Comics)


text:
Talk:Teat

consistency
This article is not self consistent. In one paragraph it says that the number ranges from 2 to 19. In the next it says that sows have up to 30. And which animal is it that has the odd number?

Revert
User:Tregoweth, why did you revert my addition of the frau image? Please don't do things like that, especially not without explanation. [[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 18:15, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * As the hullabaloo in Talk:Breast is showing, the photo is generally considered inappropriate for the article. Further, I'm writing this in a library, and if I were to open the main page, I would probably be kicked out of here for downloading porn. I agree that it shouldn't be considered offensive, but Wikipedia isn't the place to try and make that point. —tregoweth 22:25, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * I simply can't believe a library would kick you out over that... This is an encyclopedia, for crissakes... Ask around, I'm one of the most conservative wikipedians there are, and I just can't comprehend the censorship angle... Would you say there is no article on the wiki where this would be appropriate? Don't you think every article is better w an image? I am frankly convinced that this image adds to this article... [[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 01:34, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Since "teat" is more commonly used to refer to non-human breasts, a picture of an animal teat would make more sense. Also, one could nitpick that the teat is not actually identified in the picture. —tregoweth 01:42, Dec 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * I can agree w that so long as an animal teat photo is procured. I will ask again tho, do you think this image would be acceptable on any article? I've already tried it on the two I thought appropriate, w little success (Teat and breast). [[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 01:47, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Maybe a user page? :) Also, I've removed the photo again for the reasons stated above and in Talk:Breast. —tregoweth 03:28, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * The reasons stated above involved a superior image. Since a superior image has not been presented, its a bit hard to understand the removal of an illustrative, on-topic image. [[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 14:08, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Dear lord, man, what is it with you and this "breasty" woman? It's not a picture of a breast, it's not a picture of a nipple and it's certainly not a picture of a teat. If you like it so much, by all means, put it on your user page. But until a wikipedia article is created for nude, breasty woman, it's probably not going to find a suitable home in the article namespace. -leigh (φθόγγος) 09:30, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)

Anonymous comment: I have seen this picture and I think it is suitable for woman at the very least. Knowledge does not need to conform to taboos and cultural standards to still be knowledge, and in some cultures it is custom for such frontal nudity to be present.

Worthiness of an article
Does this really deserve an article of its own, anyway? Most of the content here is more like a dictionary entry, and anything encyclopaedic I can think of that might go here would probably do better folded into Breast --Khendon 07:12, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree; I don't think this article passes the "could it ever grow larger than a stub" test. — Matt Crypto 07:20, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Maybe it would if it was allowed to have a few images to fill it in a bit ;) [[User:Sam Spade|Sam Spade Wants you to vote!]] 18:20, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd have to agree there. I don't see any reason to keep this as a separate page when it's just a synonym for Breast with different common uses. The image does already exist on the Udder page but could be reused near the "Mammals have between 2 and 19 nipples" part when it's moved to Breast should a better picture not be available. --Ssokolow 08:02, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I agree that this article doesn't make too much sense, because anything here either is already in or should be in either breast or udder. --Delirium 07:25, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

Full frontal nudity discussion
Hi: Wikipedia is beginning to be peppered with photos that belong in "Playboy" etc. No moral person can accept the possible consequences of this development. Please express your views at: Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)#Nudity (full frontal) pictures in an encyclopedia? Thank you for giving this matter your serious attention! IZAK 12:52, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Vandalism on this page?
This line from the article seems suspect:

The medical Latin term for teats is papilla pussy penis likey pussy.

65.83.137.34 04:24, 4 December 2007 (UTC) (Phil)

Someone trying to prove a point?
I just undid a strange line on the bottom of the page, said "titi/niple". I think someone was trying to prove the point of wikipedia being publicly editable. NeoGenPT (talk) 19:23, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation

 * IPA: /tiːt/

Synonyms - Pawyilee (talk) 10:10, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
 * (mammary nipple): tit
 * (artificial nipple): nipple

Un-redirected
This may have been merged and redirected previously but it has been edited to provide well-referenced content to readers who may want more information on this topic. Bfpage (talk) 15:49, 12 August 2017 (UTC)

Ah, yes...
...finały, tits 31.182.229.99 (talk) 22:56, 16 October 2022 (UTC)

Infobox says "boobies" instead of "teat"
I tried to add a screenshot of the current (4 Sep 2023) infobox for illustration purposes, but no dice. The bolded word in the infobox is "boobies" where the actual page says "teat" -- not only is "teat" the actual name of the thing the page is about, but it's also much more appropriate for a formal encyclopedic register (I don't know why or how "boobies" got there in the first place, but it seems incongruous and weird). Dazeofglory (talk) 03:12, 4 September 2023 (UTC)

 * Not sure where you're seeing that. This article doesn't have an infobox, and doing a Ctrl + F for "boobies" isn't showing anything. It looks like the last two edits back in July were changing the lede to and back from that, but there have been no edits since then. Were you looking at an old revision of the page? bojo  (They/Them) | talk 03:17, 4 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I'm really new -- I thought "infobox" was the name for the box that pops up when you hover over a link to an article (which is what I was actually referring to). Having just checked it from a link on another article, that pop-up box for this page does still say "boobies". Dazeofglory (talk) 02:45, 5 September 2023 (UTC)
 * No worries, just for your future knowledge the infobox is the box you see on the right-hand side of an article (on desktop) or below the lead section (on mobile) that shows some of the key facts (additional reading here if you want). I've never run into the issue you're describing, but it sounds like that preview is pulling an old version of the page for some reason. I purged this article's page cache to see if that helps. What article are you seeing this on, and if you look now are you still seeing it? (bojo)  (they/them)  (talk)  10:01, 5 September 2023 (UTC)
 * From the Udder article -- just checked from there again and it looks like the right version now. Thank you! Dazeofglory (talk) 04:31, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Teat


text:
Talk:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex

Untitled
"/" is forbidden in titles, therefore the page is renamed. Mikkalai 00:31, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

New area code
Dallas has a new area code. 945 is a new area code created for the Dallas metro area. 2607:FB91:995:8955:E09C:7D39:419A:A7E (talk) 02:55, 14 August 2023 (UTC)

Granbury Micropolitan Area
The map shows both Hood and Somervell Counties as part of the Granbury Micropolitan Area, but according to the Census Bureau's 2020 map it now only encompasses Hood County. Should the map on this page be updated to reflect that? Messelastur (talk) 19:52, 10 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I agree; the map should only show Hood County. I imagine Somervell will be added back in the future though. StillWatchesCartoons (talk) 03:57, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

DFW Politics - Voting Numbers
I should of done this a long time ago, although it is a bit tedious. I did a summation of all DFW MSA counties via the source mentioned under Politics on my mobile device ages ago. I recall that it seems as if some DFW counties were not counted in whoever made the table. I will get to it soon, although if anyone does do a recount per the source, make sure to include all DFW MSA counties, not just the core ones such as Dallas, Tarrant, Denton, and Collin. This is why I removed the claim that Democrats narrowly won DFW, this seems based on the table, which is based on a miscount rather than the sources listed. I read through all of them and none mention democrats winning the metroplex, if it is an error on my part, then please go ahead and explain it here. ChaoticTexan (talk) 22:39, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

checkcard charges 1020 American Airlinse 124881043 charges $277.70
what was the charge for 172.84.243.213 (talk) 16:56, 10 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex


text:
2005 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships

The 2005 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (2005 WJC) was held between December 25, 2004, and January 4, 2005, at the Ralph Engelstad Arena in Grand Forks, North Dakota, and at the Ralph Engelstad Arena in Thief River Falls, Minnesota, United States. Canada won the gold medal. Jim Johannson oversaw administration of the event on behalf of USA Hockey.

Relegation round
Note: Matches  5–0  and  5–0  from the preliminary round are included as well since these results carry forward.

 and  are relegated to Division I for the 2006 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

Goaltending leaders
(minimum 40% team's total ice time)

Source: IIHF.com

All-Star Team
Goaltender: 🇨🇿 Marek Schwarz

Defense: 🇨🇦 Dion Phaneuf, 🇺🇸 Ryan Suter

Forwards: 🇷🇺 Alexander Ovechkin, 🇨🇦 Patrice Bergeron, 🇨🇦 Jeff Carter

Most Valuable Player
🇨🇦 Patrice Bergeron

Division I
The Division I Championships were played on December 13–19, 2004 in Sheffield, United Kingdom (Group A), and Narva, Estonia (Group B).

Group A
Leading scorer: Mathis Olimb, Norway (4 goals, 5 assists; 9 points).

Group B
Leading scorer: Anže Kopitar, Slovenia (10 goals, 3 assists; 13 points).

Division II
The Division II Championships were played on January 3–9, 2005 in Bucharest, Romania (Group A), and on December 13–19, 2004 in Puigcerdà, Spain (Group B).

Group B
Leading scorer: Park Woo-Sang, (12 goals, 8 assists; 20 points).

Division III
The Division III Championship was played on January 10–16, 2005 in Mexico City, Mexico.


text:
Kwun Yam Beach

Kwun Yam Beach, also known as Afternoon Beach, is a gazetted beach facing Kwun Yam Wan on the east coast of Cheung Chau, Hong Kong. The beach is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is 100 metres long and is rated as Grade 1 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality. It is one of the two gazetted beaches in Cheung Chau along with Cheung Chau Tung Wan Beach. This beach is smaller than Cheung Chau Tung Wan Beach.

Name
The name Kwun Yam refers to the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara.

History
The beach was gazetted by the Hong Kong Government and opened in 1971.

On 8 January 2017, a body of a 52-year-old angler was found at the beach more than a day after he was reported missing.

Usage
The beach is a beautiful fine white beach situated on the east coast of Cheung Chau. Since the 1996 Summer Olympics, Kwun Yam Wan had become a tourist spot for local visitors as well as being the home base for Hong Kong's first Olympic gold medallist, windsurfer Lee Lai-shan.

Features
The beach has the following features:
 * Changing rooms
 * Showers
 * Toilets
 * Water sports centre
 * Light refreshment kiosk

title: Kwun Yam Beach


text:
Spa 24 Hours

The 24 Hours of Spa is an endurance racing event for cars held annually since 1924 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot, Belgium. It is currently sponsored by CrowdStrike.

History

The Spa 24 Hours was conceived by Jules de Their and Henri Langlois Van Ophem just one year after the inaugural 24 Hours of Le Mans was run. It debuted in 1924 over a 15 km circuit on public roads between the towns of Francorchamps, Malmedy and Stavelot, under the auspices of the Royal Automobile Club of Belgium (RACB). The present 7.004 km circuit was inaugurated in 1979 with only slight variations since then.

The Spa 24 Hours was part of the European Touring Car Championship from 1966 to 1973, again in 1976 and from 1982 to 1988 (with the exception of 1987 when it was part of the inaugural World Touring Car Championship). The event also counted towards the World Sportscar Championship in 1953 and the World Endurance Championship in 1981. As on the Nürburgring, both a 24h and a 1000 km race is held at Spa, as the 1000 km Spa for sports car racing were introduced in 1966.

Cars entered have spanned from the Russian Moskvitch and models with sub-1 liter engines such as the NSU Prinz TT to the luxurious V8-powered Mercedes-Benz 300 SEL 6.3. Tuned by Mercedes-AMG, the 6834 cc and 420 hp so-called "Red pig" finished as high as second in 1971.

During the 1975 race, Dutch driver Wim Boshuis and a track marshal were killed in two separate incidents. Boshuis was killed when his vehicle collided with other cars on the track, while the track marshal was killed 30 minutes later when Belgian driver Alain Peltier collided with a railing.

With the participation of Swiss Lilian Bryner on the victorious Ferrari 550 of the BMS Scuderia Italia team, the 2004 race marked the first time in history that a female driver was part of the winning team of a 24-hour endurance race in a Gran Turismo with more than 500 hp.

The current version of the Spa 24 Hours is an event under the GT World Challenge Europe Powered by AWS and Intercontinental GT Challenge calendar, although it was previously run as part of the FIA GT Championship featuring GT1 and GT2 machinery, and by various touring car series. Currently, the cars run fall under the FIA GT3 and GT3 Cup classifications. It has also been a round of the SRO Group's Intercontinental GT Challenge since its inaugural season in 2016.

2020 saw the race held behind closed doors for the first time.

The 2023 Belgian Grand Prix, which is part of the 2023 F1 calendar released by the FIA on 21 September 2022, was scheduled on the race weekend of 28 July to 30 July and clashed with the Spa 24 Hours. This forced the Spa 24 Hours in 2023 to reschedule from its traditional late July race weekend to the race weekend between 29 June to 2 July.

Coupe du Roi
The best manufacturer wins the Coupe du Roi (King's Cup), which is not necessarily the race winners. The cup is won by the manufacturer with the most points, accrued by cars that are made by the same manufacturer. For example, Australian car manufacturer Holden won the Coupe du Roi in 1986 despite their cars finishing the race in 18th, 22nd and 23rd positions outright.

title: Spa 24 Hours


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Talk:Mount Kailash

Tallest mountain in Tibet?
Why should the mountains in Category:Mountains of Tibet not be considered mountains of Tibet? Everest is on the border between Nepal and Tibet, so it's Tibet's highest mountain, so Kailash isn't Tibet's highest mountain. I don't see any ambiguity here. Kosebamse 18:16, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I've rewritten the intro to clarify the situation. I've also withdrawn my objection on Category:Mountains of Tibet.  —Lowellian (talk)   21:29, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

The intro looks fine now. Thanks for your help. Kosebamse 21:52, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

=
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Kailash is not the tallest mountain in Tibet even if you exclude the Himalayas. The Nyanqentanglha range in central Tibet has peaks over 7000m. You really should remove this claim totally. (Gordon Aug 22 2005)

=
===================

I have noted under the subtitle Buddhism in the article that there is some confusion regarding the identity of the "Champion of Tantric Buddhism". Although I think Padmasambhava is likely to be the person to which the contributor is refering, the accuracy of the passage in general may require checking. 83.100.165.35 19:38, 15 November 2006 (UTC)(RD 15th November 2006)

I WANT TO KNOW ANY BODY HUMAN MAN HAVE TO SEE A MOUNT KAILASH S CAFE?

Curiously this Mystique Mountain in the Tibetan plateau is the focal point for the Hindus and the Buddhists alike. The surfacial features of this mountain are unique and I think no other structure in the Tibetan plateau or in the Himalayan range have any resemblance to this mountain. The Hindus and the Buddhists consider this place encompassing the nearby lake of Manasarovar as heavenly place. No wonder as this part of the Tibetan Plateau indeed is one of the most magnificent places on earth. There must be something here in this place which attracts the two religions alike. Vgyan 09:12, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

Buddhism is a kind of "reform Hinduism". You could say that the Buddha critiqued and transformed Hindu doctrine much as Jesus and his followers transformed Judaism into Christianity. In the process the Buddha also transformed a somewhat nationalistic, place-rooted and historical religion into something more universal and broadly accessible. So if the Kailas/Maasarovar region is holy to Hindus, that status tends to carry over into Buddhism, just as the holy land for Christians largely overlaps that of Judaism.

For a long time Hindu cosmography postulated a Mount Meru, center of the universe, but they were not quite certain of its location. Sometimes it was located in the Vindhya range separating the culturally different regions of North and South India, sometimes it was placed in the Pamir Knot. However as geographic knowledge accumulated, it became clear that the Kailas/Manasarovar region in effect was the hydrographic nexus of South Asia, for the Indus, Ganges/Karnali and Brahmaputra rivers all have their sources in this very finite area. Thus Kailas came to reify Mount Meru. LADave (talk) 07:02, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

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Inaccuracies about Climbing the Mountain
It seems that people definitely climb this mountain. See, for example, http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/151369/Kailash.html or http://www.summitpost.org/view_object.php?object_id=151369

 * There have been no verified ascents of the mountain. The website you mention, http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/151369/Kailash.html#chapter_10 explicitly refutes rumours that the mountain has been climbed. BabelStone (talk) 18:49, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

श or स?
The Sanskrit name is spelled with the letter श ś. In a Hindi context the spelling with स s has also been of frequent occurrence.

The Oxford Hindi Dictionary (I have the 1997 printing) gives कैलास as the main entry, while कैलाश is cross-referenced to it as a "pronunciation variant." So Oxford seems to be citing कैलास as the standard form in Hindi.

The Hindi Vikipīḍiyā article on this mountain uses only the spelling with श. The Hindi editors there have chosen to make no mention of the spelling कैलास for the mountain. In other words, it looks like the tadbhava form has been completely replaced by the tatsama form here. Is this a sign of a movement toward increased Sanskritization of Hindi? This article not only implicitly makes कैलाश the standard form, it ignores the other form altogether, which Oxford gave as standard Hindi.

So my questions are: How do they decide when to use which form of the name? Do you think the English and Hindi Wikipedias should mention the tadbhava form too (if only to note that it is also commonly met with)? I mean, as a foreign student of Sanskrit and Hindi, I always got confused about which spelling is actually preferred. Maybe a little clarification would be helpful to foreigners studying this subject. Thank you. Johanna-Hypatia (talk) 00:23, 18 October 2010 (UTC)

Where is a citation to श ś being the Sanskrit form? Monier Williams disagrees: it gives स s as the only form, and cites "MBh. iii, 503 & 1697 Hariv. R. iii , iv , 44 , 27 VarBr2S. &c". For that matter, where is the citation for the meaning crystal either: I know of no etymology in Sanskrit that would give that. 65.100.126.153 (talk) 03:28, 18 February 2011 (UTC)

 * This article has been propagating the most brazen falsehoods. The Sanskrit term is कैलास; there's no कैलाश in Sanskrit as has been so confidently asserted in the article. I'm fixing it. Shreevatsa (talk) 08:50, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

 * See why this gets confusing? I wish there were a reliable source that could sort out just what is what. Why are there two spellings? I think the article ought to clarify this point, if anyone knows the answer. Johanna-Hypatia (talk) 04:39, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

 * It seems that Sanskrit "s" sometimes becomes "ś" in Hindi. Thus "Kausalyā" -> "Kauśalyā", "Kailāsa" -> "Kailāś", "Dhanus" -> "Dhanuś" etc. Kannan91 (talk) 12:19, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

 * No, it only goes the other way around. Sanskrit ś > Hindi s. Johanna-Hypatia (talk) 22:04, 11 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Maybe that's the usual rule, but it's reversed for these instances at least. If you look up those words (see Monier Williams), you'll find that the version with a normal "s" is the original Sanskrit. This is also reflected in how these words have been borrowed from Sanskrit into other languages - eg. Malayalam, which has a "ś" for "śiva" "śakti" etc, but a "s" for "Kailāsa", "Dhanus", "Kausalyā". Kannan91 (talk) 12:57, 1 November 2011 (UTC)

 * I see. Thank you for the information. So anyway we still don't seem to have gotten any closer to an answer to this question. I feel that somewhere someone must have studied this and published a good explanation of it. Just got to keep looking for it. Johanna-Hypatia (talk) 18:40, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

Thubron attempts
I've removed the passage saying that Colin Thubron attempted to climb the mountain between the wars because there was no reference given for this claim. Perhaps he did, but we need a reference. Ericoides (talk) 09:18, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 00:31, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

Scripts
Lead paragraphs are meant to display scripts of the location in which a subject is found. Kailash is in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, though several months ago, the Chinese/Tibetan names were removed and replaced with Sanskrit - a language not officially in use in the TAR. Of course, there is a major Hindu/Jain connection to this mountain, and so the Sanskrit is rightfully listed in the Etymology section, but keep in mind this mountain is in China's TAR, and so Chinese and Tibetan must be used. The addition of Sanskrit to the lead, again, is not justified because this isn't a subject exclusive to Hinduism, such as pages written about Hindu gods that list Sanskrit in the lead paragraph. This is a mountain in a region of China - and that is the primary topic of the page. Willard84 (talk) 00:28, 2 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I think what you did here is fine, and I agree with your reasoning. The Hindu/Jain connection is not denied, but this is a geographical article not a religious one. There's no problem with mentions of the religious connections in the article body, given appropriate weight, but the lead is, imo, correct as you have it now in this regard. -- Begoon 02:01, 2 February 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used in this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The file on Wikimedia Commons has been nominated for speedy deletion. View the deletion reason at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 15:22, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

wild mountain god Shiva and a symbol of his Linga(its symbole of universal energy, Linga is Sanskrit word)?
This is straight vandalism. Anyone even with a surface level knowledge of Religious significance of Kailash in Hinduism knows that God Shiva is in no way connected as wild, and mountain God. And there is no relation between Kailash and any Shiv Linga. A google search of Kailash has no article even remotely suggesting this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TrueWinger (talk • contribs) 10:13, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Adding a correctly attributed quote from a source published by a reputable publisher is not vandalism, and it is not constructive to refer to it as such. If you do not believe that the source is reliable, please present your evidence for that - Google searches are largely irrelevant, and referring to general knowledge isn't very helpful either. --bonadea contributions talk 10:35, 27 July 2018 (UTC)
 * (for the record, I have no particular opinion here - maybe the quoted book is based on poor research, but the fact remains that the quote comes from the book, and the book is published by a reputable publishing house. Then again, if this is the only source for the "mountain-as-penis" claim, there might be good reason to remove it, but there has to be a consensus based on Wikipedia policy.) --bonadea contributions talk 10:50, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

 * A google search suggests that the identification of Mount Kailash with Shiva's penis is not the invention of a single author, but has fairly wide currency. I would oppose removing the quote just because it hurts the sensibilities of some readers. The continuing vandalism of the quotation is likely to result in a Streisand effect as editors find more sources for this identification and devote a whole section of the article to what was originally a passing mention. BabelStone (talk) 14:40, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

 * In case it is useful for future editors, this edit from 2010 seems to be the one in which the unbowdlerised quote was introduced. It appears that offended parties have been edit-warring about it since then. Zazpot (talk) 01:47, 27 August 2018 (UTC)

 * The translation of Lingam into penis is just wrong which western authors often do. The lingam is symbolic of the power of male and female not their genitals. If it is indeed supposed to represent a penis, it would look much different.SureshK 67 (talk) 05:21, 5 January 2019 (UTC)

 * If there is a source for the mountain as lingam then we can add that as an explanation for the quote. I think the quote is useful as it stands, and would object to its removal or partial censorship, but we could add some contextual explanation to help readers better understand the basis for the quote. BabelStone (talk) 11:49, 5 January 2019 (UTC)
 * A Lingam (लिङ्गम्) in sanskrit means sign, symbol or mark and is symbolic representation of the god Shiva.
 * Here is a portion of from wikipedia article Shiva which talks about mount Kailash:

 * "Mount Kailāsa: Mount Kailash in the Himalayas is his traditional abode. In Hindu mythology, Mount Kailāsa is conceived as resembling a Linga, representing the center of the universe."

 * I couldn't find the free version of the referenced book in the above article "The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography by Margaret Stutley".
 * Here are some other books that 	back up the claim that Mt. Kailash in Hinduism is seen as linga., ,.
 * I would recommend to include the portion that i quoted from article Shiva directly below the quote of Alice Albinia if partial censoring or paraphrasing of her quote can't be done.SureshK 67 (talk) 15:33, 5 January 2019 (UTC)

"Mount Kailas"
The article includes a quotation that spells the mountain "Mount Kailas". This is correct, an alternate orthography of the Sanskrt name, omitting only a diacritical mark over the "s" that indicates one of the Sanskrt pronunciations of "sh", since the source article is in English. See also the section "श or स?" above. David Spector (talk) 02:50, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

 * mount Kaylas in Russia 176.65.96.155 (talk) 06:55, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

Mount Kailash is a residence of our God Shiva/Mahadev
Mount Kailash is a residence of our God Shiva/Mahadev. The Indian deities/saints have been visiting it since thousands of years. Hence, it belongs to India. Kindly update the country as INDIA. THANK YOU Advocate Sonal Singh (talk) 15:28, 18 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. — KuyaBriBri Talk 15:43, 18 June 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 August 2020
The translation into traditional Chinese characters is wrong. Someone in a cut-and-paste hurry added a character (equal sign) that is also the Chinese number two. That added character should be removed.

(Tibetan: གངས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་; simplified Chinese: 冈仁波齐峰; traditional Chinese: =岡仁波齊峰). This is wrong. (Tibetan: གངས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་; simplified Chinese: 冈仁波齐峰; traditional Chinese: 岡仁波齊峰). This is right. 2601:446:480:4E60:A42C:A24D:E5D1:29F4 (talk) 13:09, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Caradhras Aiguo ( leave language ) 14:07, 25 August 2020 (UTC)

Reoccupation by India
The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has been stunned since India’s occupation of half a dozen strategic peaks such as Gurung Hill, Magar Hill, Mukherpari and Rechin-La Pass at the southern end of Pangong Lake because all these hills are Kailash Mountains range.

That is, in a way, India has taken the entire area of 60-70 km in its possession, on which China used to show eyes every time it threatened to stop the journey of Kailash Mansarovar.

Before the 1962 war from China, pilgrims used to go to Kailash Mansarovar from Demchok in Ladakh.

However, after the war, China illegally captured this route and closed the route of Kailash Mansarovar Yatra.

Mt Meru vs Mt Kailash
Even though Mount Kailash (Kailasa) is known as Mount Meru(Sumeru) in Buddhist texts, they are totally different as there is a 220km distance between them. In Buddhism, Mount Meru(Sumeru) is considered as the central world-mountain. The concept of Sumeru is closely related to the central Mount Meru of Hindu cosmology, but it differs from the Hindu concept in several particulars.

References for Pilgrimage section
Is the Pilgrimage section completely unsourced or merely missing inline references? Looks encyclopedic enough, but the lack of citations is disturbing. 202.8.114.133 (talk) 13:00, 21 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Mount Meru 176.65.96.155 (talk) 06:57, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

Editing in response to banner of Feb 2022
Intend to provide verifiable references wherever needed and adding the content to article Anand2202 (talk) 18:13, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

Height 22,028 feet
As on 31 July 2022, the height is mentioned as 21778 feet in the article.

Reasons for correction to 22,028 feet.

 * 1) Try searching for peaks in Himalayan region over 22000 feet height - Mount Kailash is listed.
 * 2) Finding earliest available publications using data mining techniques, one of the prominent book on Kailash Manasarovar written by Swami Pranavananda, published in 1949, has an account of all the Himalayan peaks with Mount Kailash mentioning 22,028 feet.
 * 3) Britannica mentions 22,028 feet (6,714 metres)
 * 4) Usually, google throws up Wikipedia article as first in results page. In all probability, modern sources have internet influence on data gathering. Information with 21,778 feet might be widespread because "Google says so" which in turn, is because "Wikipedia says so"

Trying to find more reliable and verifiable sources, pre-dating internet era, to authenticate the actual height.

Other editors can point out to such sources, if available. Anand2202 (talk) 20:25, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

 * ADDITIONAL SOURCE: National Geographic website mentions the height of Mount Kailash to be 6714 meters.
 * ADDITIONAL SOURCE: An article published in 2005, by India Today notes Peak Height to be 6,714m. Anand2202 (talk) 20:52, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
 * ADDITIONAL SOURCE : A 2003 article published in The New York Times mentions Kailash to be a 22,028-foot mountain. Anand2202 (talk) 21:04, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
 * ADDITIONAL SOURCE: One of the Travel Blog from Tibet associated with a Pioneer Travel Agency since 1984 also mentions altitude of Mt. Kailash to be 6714m in its blog post published in 2016 Anand2202 (talk) 21:12, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
 * ADDITIONAL SOURCE: A railway information website notes 6714 meter height Anand2202 (talk) 21:20, 30 July 2022 (UTC)
 * ADDITIONAL SOURCE: A 2019 post and a 2022 post published in Kailash Manasarovar Yatra facilitator websites mentions 6714 meter as height of Mount Kailash. Anand2202 (talk) 21:26, 30 July 2022 (UTC)

It's pretty clear that other sources consider this mountain to be somewhat lower and the reliance on the Britannica is not so good here. Remember that the Britannica insists that the Ulugh Muztagh is over 7700 meters tall, in the face of the Chinese mapping of 6970 meters and the 1985 first ascent group led by Robert Bates and Nicolas Clinch give 6,987 meters (which was supported by the Defence Mapping Agency in Washington DC). Other authorities such as Hartmut Bielefeldt cite 6638 meters https://www.bielefeldt.de/hoheberged5KH.htm. Frequently misquoted summit elevations page agrees with this and caltopo map does not support this summit reaching 22,000 ft.

Semi-protected edit request on 26 August 2022
I just need to remove a reference that is wrongly placed here. Planetinformatics.inc (talk) 05:51, 26 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. MadGuy7023 (talk) 06:00, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 18 November 2022
Some one asked for citation needed for siva's son karthikeya's living in Kailasa. This is a ridiculous question as there are many thousands of hindu scripts say that Karthikeya is the son of Siva and Parvathi and they reside in Kailasa. One can quote scanda purana for many citations. Please remove the quote Deepakchinta (talk) 04:42, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: The fact that potentially thousands of sources exist to support a claim is not sufficient reason to remove a Citation needed template. You are free to create a new edit request and provide a reliable source so that we may replace the template with one. — Sirdog (talk) 05:36, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

Climate Change Claims for Mount Kailash
Exactly what are the Wiki scientific sources for the climate change statements made about Mt. Kailash? Rminusa (talk) 22:56, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi Rminusa, the climate change section carries inline citations. You can go through them. Apandeyhp89 (talk) 13:50, 10 July 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 October 2023
Please add the following text about the Panch Kailasha or five kailasha, ideally in the lede.

It is the most important peak among the group of five separate peaks in Himalayas in separate locations collectively known as the Panch Kailash or "Five Kailashas", other being Adi Kailash in second, Shikhar Kailash in third, Kinnaur Kailash in fouth and Manimahesh Kailash in fifth place in terms of importance. Thank you. 111.223.76.187 (talk) 12:07, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: It's not clear what it means with "important", it does not sound neutral and puffery is discouraged on wikipedia.  Wandering  Morpheme   02:19, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

Pipe Shikhar Kailash to Shrikhand Mahadev
In the preceding edit suggested by me please wikilink/pipe the Shikhar Kailash to "Shrikhand Mahadev. 111.223.76.187 (talk) 13:05, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

Elevation
I am a topographic researcher. Mount Kailash on my list of wrong elevations on my site at http://viewfinderpanoramas.org/elevmisquotes.html#kailash and I have complete confidence in my claim that my Chinese mapping source, which is based on official mapping by the Chinese military, is correct. The kind of sites that cited in support of 6714 metres are not topographic sites, and many of their heights are based on old, inaccurate and unreliable estimates that have been copied down. Many of these kind of sites still claim that Ulugh Muztagh is 7723 metres high. I have checked the Chinese heights against data derived from high resolution images from U.S. satellite data, and these data are clearly consistent with 6638 metres. I am willing to debate the issue but if there are no objections I will restore the elevation to 6638 metres. Viewfinder (talk) 15:41, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

Listing this mountain as part of china
By listing this mountain as a part of China, this recognizes the illegal occupation of tibat, the very least, it should be noted that the mountain is in disputed territory. 160.2.226.42 (talk) 21:32, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

Mention of Pilgrims
This article talks about pilgrims from china, inda, and, Nepal, but doesn't mention any from Tibet 160.2.226.42 (talk) 21:36, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Kayla (GI No. 1534001089) — Lake in Russia
 * Kayla (GKGN No. 0665852) — protoka, Republic of Bashkortostan; Kayla (GI No. 1812002617) — river, Amur region; Kayla (GI No. 1812003271) — river, Amur region; Kayla (GKGN No. 0186769) — river, Amur region; Kayla (GKGN No. 0591492) — river, Amur region; Kayla (tributary of Kitat) — river, Kemerovo region; Kayla (GI No. 1522002094) — river, Kemerovo region, Tomsk region; Kayla (GKGN No. 0266078) — river, Novosibirsk region;
 * Kayla (GKGN No. 0564367) — river, Republic of Khakassia; Kayla (GKGN No. 0381206) — river, Tomsk region;
 * Kayla (GI No. 1612001341) — river, Khakassia; Kayla (GI No. 1732000329) — river, Yakutia; Kayla (GKGN No. 0495486) — a stream, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); Kayla (GKGN No. 0117095) — village, Kemerovo region; Kayla River, Kemerovo region (56.2333° S. 86.0667° V. D.:, GKGN No. 0490718); 176.65.96.41 (talk) 23:25, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount Kailash


text:
Talk:Public holidays in Chile

Chile Holidays
If you have a project on Chile or holidays, you can trust this site! It has all the information in the world.

Leon Hu 12/7/04

Sept.18th is not Independence Day in Chile ?
User:200.42.177.195 left the following message on Talk:Independence Day:
 * ''You made a BIG mistake about Chile. Chile's independence is on february 12, 1814(although we don't celebrate it due to particular reasons with O'higgins, so we celebrate our first "junta" day (september 18, 1810)). Too bad that this was featured on the home page of wikipedia...

I wonder if National Day would be more appropriate vocabulary on this list of holidays in Chile. -- PFHLai 13:51, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Sex and Pornography Day on January 18
Is this real ? --64.229.207.142 21:11, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Of course no. Whats happens with the people?!? --Lady Kya (talk) 13:46, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

CieloEstrellado: your version of this article has several mistakes that you insist on writing in.
CieloEstrellado, as I've told you several times, please stop writing in wrong data in this article.

Your most notorious mistakes are:

1) You keep stating that May 1 is a holiday since 2003 (On January 16, 2003, May 1 is established as a holiday in the Labor Code.), not even erasing the preexisting information (On 1931-04-30, President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo promulgated the "Decree Enforceable as Law" ("Decreto con Fuerza de Ley") 130, marking May 1 (May Day) as holiday.).

2) You keep stating that censuses are holidays since 1970 (On December 10, 1970 Law 17,374 established as holiday the day when the official census is held.), which isn't true: 1970 census WASN'T a holiday; censuses in 1982 and 1992 were holidays due to ad-hoc laws (18,116 and 19,116); law 19,790 (published in february 1992) modified law 17,374 to mark any further censuses as holidays (1992's was the first one due to this law). I cleared up that confusion in a revision, CITING sources, but you erased the entire paragraph.

3) You state that law 18,700 establishes holidays for elections (On May 6, 1988, Law 18,700 established that days coinciding with elections and plebiscites are to be legal holidays.), but this isn't the whole story: presidential (not parliamentary) elections have been holidays since the early XX century. Again, you erased the entire paragraph.

4) You keep erasing the link to the main "Días Feriados en Chile" source, but -oddly- not to a secondary link within the same source.

It would seem that each time you edit this page, you simply paste in a copy of your previous version of the contents, without bothering to read the new revision's differences. IMHO, that's not the proper way to edit wikipedia content.

I wrote this a few days ago in your talk page, but you don't even acknowledge it, so now I'm forced to call your attention in the article's discussion page.

Perhaps you don't want to believe me, and that's fine... but DO believe the sources I extracted the information from. Every piece of data I've written in this article can be traced back to the scanned copies of the Diario Oficial, available at http://www.diariooficial.cl/.

So, please take the time to actually read the article as it stands now, admit that you've made some mistakes and stop replacing correct information with wrong data.

Mfarah (talk) 15:02, 27 June 2009 (UTC)

I'm requesting page protection.
You keep reverting the properly cited, properly sourced, information that I wrote in. Considering your behaviour in the Honduras articles, it seems you simply can not discuss or edit content following the Wikipedia guidelines. Enough is enough: I'm requesting a page protection to end this edit war.

190.196.70.195 (talk) 14:12, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

OOPS: logged out without realizing it. Anyway, that comment's mine. Mfarah (talk) 14:13, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

POV statement
The phrase:

 * In the past it was a religious holiday (Feast of the Circumcision of Christ), but its original meaning has been lost.

is not backed by an authoritative source, but by a self-published source added by the author himself (see below). It is also not neutral. I recommend that it be deleted if not properly sourced according to WP:V and WP:RS. ☆ CieloEstrellado 19:27, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Fine, then. Let's write in some more detail. I hope you don't complain about this paragraph:

 * In the past it was a religious holiday (Feast of the Circumcision of Christ), but its original meaning has been lost. Shortly after Chile's independence, an 1824 government decree enumerated and regulated the religious holidays, including the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ. Law 2,977 (passed in 1915) doesn't refer to this holiday by name, but treats it as religious one . However, nowadays (as of 2009) it's widely celebrated as the New Year holiday, even being mentioned that way in numerous municipal decrees   .  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mfarah (talk • contribs) 17:06, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * It's been several days and no one has complained about this proposed paragraph. CieloEstrellado MUST have seen it (as he DID complain four days ago about a formatting error in the next section in this talk page), so I'm going to assume he doesn't object either. I'm going to add this paragraph tonight - I hope CieloEstrellado doesn't begin war-editing again. Mfarah (talk) 20:08, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Added, with even more sources. POV removed, as there's no more reason for its presence. Mfarah (talk) 01:00, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Use of http://www.farah.cl/Feriados/ as source
User:mfarah has used his own personal self-published site http://www.farah.cl/Feriados/ as a source for this article. The user has admitted the site is his at the article's talk page in the Spanish-language Wikipedia.

I removed the source because it seemingly violates WP:SPS, WP:ELNO #11 and possibly also WP:ELNO #4. It may be permissible under WP:ELMAYBE #4, but this needs to be assessed by a third-party, normally a Wikipedia administrator.

I advice User:mfarah against reinstating the link until the situation has been evaluated externally. ☆ CieloEstrellado 19:48, 16 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Short-lived retirement, I see. Tan   |   39  00:27, 17 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I had some unfinished business to take care of ;) ☆ CieloEstrellado 00:54, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * CieloEstrellado, your behaviour is disturbing, but I won't comment further on it - I'll stick to the facts, some of which you omit.

 * For starters, you should discuss the issue in the discussion page BEFORE removing the sentences you don't like, but you still don't seem keen to talk about things before acting in a disruptive manner.

 * As mentioned on the spanish version of this page, yes, I linked to my own investigation, but that's because there aren't many other detailed investigations on the history of chilean holidays. ALSO, I only link as a secondary source: all the facts both in this page and my own are sourced back to the official primary source, the Diario Oficial (something I also mentioned in this very talk page and your in own, but you ignored that). Also, the one opinion that slipped through in my edits is a rather minor one. It's not proper, IMHO, to dispute the neutrality of the entire article IN THE SAME EDIT where you remove the potentially offensive sentence.

 * As it stands, this article (and the spanish version of it) is nothing but a list of facts, without any "inconvenient" omission, and the sources are all traced back to the official primary source. How could it possibly contain a "non neutral point of view"?

 * Let's see your accusations, one by one:

 * - You accused me on my talk page of a "Possible violation of Wikipedia:Verifiability (and more)". Yet, except for the one sentence that Cantus removed in the spanish version of the page (and where I DID acknowledge my mistake), you offer no specific claim whatosever of non-verifiability. WHAT exactly is the non-verifiable information that the article still contains? I think that you simply don't have such a claim, as your latest edits simply remove that one sentence and links to my source.

 * - You accuse me of violating WP:SPS. While this is true, it's not the entire history. According to Wikipedia policy, at No_original_research, "This policy [citing oneself] does not prohibit editors with specialist knowledge from adding their knowledge to Wikipedia, but it does prohibit them from drawing on their personal knowledge without citing their sources. If an editor has published the results of his or her research in a reliable publication, the editor may cite that source while writing in the third person and complying with our neutrality policy. See also Wikipedia's guidelines on conflict of interest."

 * The entire article is written in a neutral point of view, and numerous primary sources (the laws themselves) are cited. My own page lists several opinions and "fringe facts", but I NEVER included them in this article: I stuck to the generally accepted facts, using a neutral point of view, and sourced to the existing laws in the official site, where available (www.leychile.cl contains online versions of chilean laws, but not all older documents are online yet; www.diariooficial.cl contains scanned copies of the Diario Oficial, the official newspaper where laws are first published).

 * - You accuse me of violating WP:ELNO #11 and possibly also WP:ELNO #4.

 * The first of the "links normally to be avoided" (#11) says "Links to blogs, personal web pages and most fansites, except those written by a recognized authority (this exception is meant to be very limited; as a minimum standard, recognized authorities always meet Wikipedia's notability criteria for biographies)." (emphasis mine).

 * The second one, #4, says "Links mainly intended to promote a website. See External link spamming.". Promotion? Really? It's linked as a source. Spamming? You'll note the absence of Google Ads (or ads of any other kind) in that page (or the entire site, for that matter).

 * When push comes to shove, we need to remember what this is about: chilean holidays. I did some heavy research into their history, because there wasn't any to be found. I published it and afterwards decided to share the information I found with Wikipedia, for everyone's benefit, linking to the primary sources and the secondary one (mine) where needed. It's not a opinion-based subject, and ALL of the information I wrote in this article can be traced back to the primary source. Links to my own webpage (which is even more heavily sourced to the laws that create/modify/remove holidays) adds some further information, and comes off as a useful secondary source, which is all it's intended to be.

 * Note for Tan: if you want, I'll translate to english the counterargument I made in the spanish version of this page, so you can get the full picture.

 * Mfarah (talk) 02:26, 17 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Can you respond to this part of our policy of "no original research (WP:NOR), which is one of three Wikipedia core policies - non-negotiable: "Wikipedia is not the place to publish your own opinions, experiences, arguments, or conclusions." It seems that your statement, "I did some heavy research into their history, because there wasn't any to be found. I published it and afterwards decided to share the information I found with Wikipedia, for everyone's benefit" would directly mean you are violating WP:NOR by linking to your own website. Tan   |   39  02:38, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * As you well quote: "opinions, experiences, arguments, or conclusions". If you read my edits to this article, you'll note there are none of those (EXCEPT, of course, the conclusion about Jan/1 having lost its religious meaning, which I've acknowledged it was a mistake). As a matter of fact, I don't even quote directly from my source: I actually wrote everything again, basing myself only on public domain data (the laws themselves), and using a different style and tone.

 * CieloEstrellado's complaint mixes two distinct issues into one, and (IMHO) must be trated separately:

 * 1) Is the "neutrality disputed" tag reasonable? I think not, as the entire article is just a collection of facts with no inconvenient omissions or bias. IMHO, this tag should be removed at once.

 * 2) Is it proper to keep the link to my resource? Perhaps I shouldn't be the one to add it, but would it be kept had a third person added it? Is it good enough by its own merits or not?

 * Actually... turns out it wasn't me who added it in the first place! I've checked the revision history, and my source was added, along with other sources, in the 2008-10-19T21:36:12 revision, by an anonymous editor with the 190.8.122.32 IP address. I DID, however, reinstate the source several times, after CieloEstrellado erased it repeatedly in the war-editing process. My memory failed me when I stated I had added the source (the first time around)... but the revision history shows what actually happened.

 * Mfarah (talk) 03:45, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Both 190.8.122.32 (the IP you say added your page to the article first) and 190.196.70.195 (your own IP, as seen under "I'm requesting page protection.") belong to the same niche Chilean ISP. Coincidence? ☆ CieloEstrellado 04:03, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Both IP addresses, indeed, belong to GTD Manquehue, which isn't a "niche" ISP, but rather a medium-sized one. So, yes, it's a coincidence. Please stop spreading FUD. Mfarah (talk) 04:10, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * And the fact that both the IP and you provide similar edit summaries? Another coincidence? ☆ CieloEstrellado 04:15, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Not too dissimilar from yours, either. Seriously, STOP IT, CieloEstrellado. It seems you're attacking me because you blame me for the blocking you suffered this week. And you still haven't stated WHAT exactly in the article qualifies as "non neutral". Mfarah (talk) 04:30, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I marked the section "Dates for the year 2009" as non-neutral because it contains the POV phrase: In the past it was a religious holiday (Feast of the Circumcision of Christ), but its original meaning has been lost. ☆ CieloEstrellado 07:57, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

While trying to stay away from both of your mudslinging, I took another look at the farah.cl site. I have to say that it's hardly the reliable source that is preferred at en.wiki. Perhaps if the material was sourced from the primary material, as seems obvious to do? Cielo, do you have any issue with the material itself, or just the addition of the farah.cl link? Tan  |   39  05:28, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you mean by "material". If the site farah.cl is determined to be unfit for Wikipedia, other sources should be found to replace it. Laws and decrees published on official sites are reliable sources for this purpose. ☆ CieloEstrellado 07:53, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't understand you. You erased links to exactly that kind of sources several times during your war-editing. Perhaps this time around you won't erase any edits I make where I link to www.leychile.cl, www.bcn.cl or www.diariooficial.cl? Those are as official as they can get... Mfarah (talk) 15:21, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Tan, you say we should source from the primary material... yet that's exactly what I did. I added links to the official source (online laws at www.leychile.cl) in several revisions, but they were erased several times by CieloEstrellado's war-editing (odd behaviour for someone who insists on authoritative sources):
 * - Revision 2009-04-07T14:54:58 adds a link to law 20,148. It was first erased by CieloEstrellado's revision 2009-04-10T05:10:12.
 * - Revision 2009-06-13T22:17:17 adds a link to law 20,354.
 * - Revision 2009-06-14T21:37:46 adds links to laws 18,700, 18,116, 19,116 and 19,790. It was first erased by CieloEstrellado's revision 2009-06-16T21:17:45.

 * I've wanted to add more information that doesn't need to link to my own (secondary) source, but rather directly on the primary one, but there are two problems:
 * 1) CieloEstrellado's war-editing has forced me to focus on correcting the factually wrong data that he's insisted on writing in (you can see my message to him in this very page, two sections above this one).
 * 2) Not all older laws are (yet) online at said site( for example, laws 18,018, 18,026, DFL 130, and others). You have to go to the www.diariooficial.cl website to read the scanned copies ("raw material", if you will) of the old editions of the Diario Oficial. I didn't add direct links to that site because I was told not to (when I published my investigation), and I assumed that site's policy would be the same towards Wikipedia. A solution is to simply add something like "Diario Oficial #34902, published 31/12/2005" as a reference, but I haven't had the time to do it (see problem #1).

 * By the way, Tan, you're the very first person in more than a year to have a negative opinion about my page. Please tell me (in a private message, if you prefer so) what needs to be done to improve whatever it is that you don't like.

 * Mfarah (talk) 15:21, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

Disputed content
I have appended this source from the article with a  tag because it does not serve to back up the following statement found in the "Meaning of the January 1 holiday" subsection: However, nowadays (as of 2009) it's widely celebrated as the (civic) New Year holiday. The preceding phrase is meant to refer to Chile's case, but the disputed source was referring to New Year celebrations abroad, mainly Europe and other Christian nations, not just Chile.

Following the same criteria, I have also removed the following statement next to the January 1 holiday in the table: In the past it was a religious holiday (Feast of the Circumcision of Christ), but its original meaning has been lost (see What's the January 1 holiday about?). The whole backing and explanation for the preceding phrase was to be found in the "What's the January 1 holiday about?" subsection (now renamed "Meaning of the January 1 holiday"), but as already mentioned in my previous paragraph, that assertion is not properly referenced.

Please keep in mind that I'm not disputing the quality of the source itself, as it is perfectly valid under Wikipedia policy. I'm disputing that the source's content does not serve to back up that specific phrase in the article. Pristino (talk)

 * I reviewed your edits, and I don't fully agree with them (no surprise there ;-) ). You're right about the Velis-Mesa blog entry, but the rest of the paragraph discusses the laws involved, painting a fuller picture (law 2.977 DOES treat the Jan/1 holiday as a religious one: see article 2, where it lists it and several others and states "Estas festividades relijiosas podrán ser modificadas por el Presidente de la República, en virtud de concordato con la Santa Sede." ["These religious festivities can be modified by the President in accord to a concordat with the Holy See."]). All the references can be easily verified to an official source (www.leychile.cl and www.diariooficial.cl).

 * I've looked around for more references, and I found the article "LO SAGRADO COMO RAÍZ DE LA FIESTA", available at http://humanitas.cl/html/biblioteca/articulos/d0182.html, that talks about religious festivities in Chile in the XVII/XVIII century and states: "Por medio de las fiestas fijas, el año quedaba enmarcado y compartimentado por una red sagrada que se iniciaba en enero con la Circuncisión del Señor y concluía en diciembre con las fiestas de Navidad." (emphasis added). There are a LOT of Google hits for "año nuevo en chile", but I'll use this one that seems nice and historical enough: http://www.ligamar.cl/histo.htm states: "En 1952, por iniciativa de uno de sus directores, don Ernesto Dighero Lajaña, organizó y dio vida al espectáculo pirotécnico "Año Nuevo en el Mar" que se realiza desde esa época en la bahía de Valparaíso. En el año 1962 esta actividad es traspasada a la Ilustre Municipalidad de Valparaíso.".

 * So, I propose to reinstate everything as it was, adding these two references. If need be, we could add two more that talk about traditional new year activities: http://joeskitchen.com/chile/blogcito/2009/12/tradiciones-del-ano-nuevo-en-chile/ and http://www.elamaule.cl/admin/render/noticia/23718 . Pristino, what do you think?

 * Mfarah (talk) 15:27, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm not disputing the New Year holiday may have had a religious meaning originally in Chile and there are enough sources to prove it, as you point out. What I'm disputing is that there are no sources to prove that this religious meaning "has been lost", as you put it. The fact that newer laws don't link the New Year holiday to a religious meaning, does not cut it, in my view. Pristino (talk) 17:00, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Now I understand you better. That said, we face a problem: how do you prove a negative fact? In our current culture, Jan/1 is about New Year, and no mention is made whatsoever of the older Feast of the Circumcision (heck, I didn't know it until I began my research on chilean holidays); every media report or news segment or whatever broadcast or published talks about new year but not the Circumcision; people just don't go to church on Jan/1. Google "feriado del 1 de enero" and you'll get a lot of "new year" hits but little if anything about the Feast of the Circumcision. And while I'm talking only about Chile, this seems to apply to the rest of the western countries as well.

 * So, should we just include several different references that mention "New Year" and point out how they omit "Circumcision"? (like the ones I already quoted)

 * Mfarah (talk) 20:43, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

 * You cannot prove something by omission on Wikipedia, or at least you shouldn't. You have to find a reliable source that says very clearly and unambiguously that this original religious meaning "has been lost" in Chile. Pristino (talk) 01:57, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Banking Holiday: let's NOT erase it.
Pristino: I think it's not a good idea to exclude the year-end banking holiday: it IS a national-wide holiday that is widely considered part of the holidays list for any given year. Also, the List of holidays page lists banking holidays for other countries (Canada, Gibraltar, Netherlands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and United Kingdom), and several national holiday pages list them as well (Australia (which also counts regional banking holidays), India, et cetera). I fail to see why only Chile should have its banking holiday cut away.

Please let's discuss this before doing any further modification.

Mfarah (talk) 01:05, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

 * It is not a nation-wide holiday in the sense that most of the working population in the country are given the day off, as in the rest of the holidays in the table. Banks close down, that's it. Remember this is a list of "national holidays" as the introduction says, not holidays for specific sectors of the economy or the population. Pristino (talk) 16:39, 17 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Still, it DOES have an effect on the general population (banks are closed). This is a list of public holidays in Chile (title says so), not just national. For that matter, if any of the bills that propose to create regional holidays (september 8 in Antofagasta, september 21 in Magallanes, october 30 in O'Higgins, etc.), should become law, will you also oppose to include them? I think erasing the banking holiday from this article would damage the quality of its information.

 * If the "national" word in the introduction bothers you, it will be a simple matter of correcting that phrase. Something like "This is a list of public holidays (national or otherwise) in Chile; most of them are Christian holidays.". What do you think?

 * Mfarah (talk) 13:48, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

 * It's been 10 days since my last message. I'll go forward with my proposal, since it seems you don't oppose it.

 * Mfarah (talk) 13:45, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I think if you're going to start adding regional holidays or sector-specific holidays, it would be wise to make a separate table altogether. Pristino (talk) 16:41, 28 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. Actually, there is ONE such instance: August 20 is a schools-only holiday ("feriado escolar") that's valid only in the communes ("comunas") of Chillán and Chillán Viejo. I've known about it since before my first edit to this page, but I've never included it, as I think it's not important enough.

 * I also think your most-recent edit is a good addition, as it clarifies the concept of "banking holiday". I'm glad this issue has been resolved.

 * Mfarah (talk) 22:14, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Public holidays in Chile


text:
Hew (disambiguation)

Hew is a given name.

Hew or HEW may also refer to:

 * Hewer, a type of miner
 * Hewing, the creation of lumber from logs
 * Health extension worker, or health extension officer
 * Heworth Interchange, in Tyne and Wear, England, station code HEW
 * United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
 * Hanford Engineer Works, part of the Manhattan Project
 * HEW Proficiency Examination, A medical technologist certification that was administered by HEW

title: Hew (disambiguation)


text:
Kista borough

Kista was a borough (stadsdelsområde) in Stockholm, Sweden, until 1 January, 2007. It organised the districts of Akalla, Hansta, Husby and Kista. In 2007, Kista merged with the borough of Rinkeby to form the Rinkeby-Kista borough.

title: Kista borough


text:
William Baumol

William Jack Baumol (February 26, 1922 – May 4, 2017) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics at New York University, Academic Director of the Berkley Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, and Professor Emeritus at Princeton University. He was a prolific author of more than eighty books and several hundred journal articles. He is the namesake of the Baumol effect.

Baumol wrote extensively about labor market and other economic factors that affect the economy. He also made significant contributions to the theory of entrepreneurship and the history of economic thought. He is among the most influential economists in the world according to IDEAS/RePEc. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971, the American Philosophical Society in 1977, and the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1987.

Baumol was considered a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Economics for 2003, and Thomson Reuters cited him as a potential recipient in 2014, but he died without receiving the prize.

Early life
Baumol was born in the South Bronx. His parents, Solomon and Lillian, were both immigrants from Eastern Europe.

Baumol studied at the City College of New York and was awarded his bachelor's degree in 1942. After college, he served in the U.S. Army in World War II and later worked for the Department of Agriculture as an economist.

Education
He was initially denied entry to the doctoral studies at the London School of Economics and was instead admitted to the Master's program. After impressing onlookers with his debating skills at Lionel Robbins' seminars, he was within weeks switched to the doctoral program and also admitted to the faculty as an Assistant Lecturer.

Teaching
While a professor at Princeton University he supervised some graduate students who would eventually become very well-known economists, including Burton Malkiel, William G. Bowen, and Harold Tafler Shapiro.

Research
Among his better-known contributions are the theory of contestable markets, the Baumol-Tobin model of transactions demand for money, Baumol's cost disease, which discusses the rising costs associated with service industries, Baumol's sales revenue maximization model and Pigou taxes. His research on environmental economics recognized the fundamental role of non-convexities in causing market failures.

William Baumol also contributed to the transformation of the field of finance, and published contributions to the areas of efficiency of capital markets, portfolio theory, and capital budgeting.

Entrepreneurship
The place of the disruptive innovations and innovative entrepreneurs in traditional economic theory (which describes many efficiency-based ratios assuming uniform outputs) presents theoretic quandaries. Baumol contributed greatly to this area of economic theory. The 2006 Annual Meetings of the American Economic Association held a special session in his name, and honoring his many years of work in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation, where 12 papers on entrepreneurship were presented.

The Baumol Research Centre for Entrepreneurship Studies at Zhejiang Gongshang University is named after William Baumol.

In 2003, Baumol received the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research "[f]or his persistent effort to give the entrepreneur a key role in mainstream economic theory, for his theoretical and empirical studies of the nature of entrepreneurship, and for his analysis of the importance of institutions and incentives for the allocation of entrepreneurship."

The British news magazine, The Economist published an article about William Baumol and his lifelong work to develop a place in economic theory for the entrepreneur (March 11, 2006, pp 68), much of which owes its genesis to Joseph Schumpeter. They note that traditional microeconomic theory normally holds a place for 'prices' and 'firms' but not for that (seemingly) important engine of innovation, the entrepreneur. Baumol is given credit for helping to remedy this shortcoming: "Thanks to Mr. Baumol's own painstaking efforts, economists now have a bit more room for entrepreneurs in their theories."

William Baumol's book, The Microtheory of Innovative Entrepreneurship is the first formal theoretical analysis of the role of innovative entrepreneurs.

Textbooks
Baumol wrote several textbooks in economics, including an introductory textbook with Alan Blinder titled Macroeconomics: Principles and Policy. His economics textbook on operations research was internationally well-received:

In the 1960s and 1970s, nearly every economics department offered a course in operations research methods in economics, and the usual textbook used was Economic Theory and Operations Analysis by W. J. Baumol. An entire generation of economics students was familiar with this book ....

Professional and philanthropic interests
Baumol was a trustee of Economists for Peace and Security. Baumol was known for his interests in the economics of art, including the economics of the performing arts.

Death
Baumol died on May 4, 2017, at the age of 95.

Major publications

 * "Community Indifference", 1946, RES
 * "A Community Indifference Map: A construction", 1949, RES.
 * "A Formalization of Mr. Harrod's Model", 1949, EJ.
 * "The Analogy between Producer and Consumer Equilibrium Analysis", with Helen Makower, 1950, Economica.
 * Economic Dynamics, with R. Turvey, 1951.
 * "The Transaction Demand for Cash: An inventory-theoretic approach", 1952, QJE.
 * "The Classical Monetary Theory: The outcome of the discussion", with G.S. Becker, 1952, Economica.
 * Welfare Economics and the Theory of the State, 1952.
 * "Firms with Limited Money Capital", 1953, Kyklos.
 * Economic Processes and Policies, with L.V. Chandler, 1954.
 * "More on the Multiplier Effect of a Balanced Budget", with M.H. Peston, 1955, AER.
 * "Acceleration without Magnification", 1956, AER.
 * "Variety in Retailing", with E.A. Ide, 1956 Management Science.
 * "Speculation, Profitability and Stability", 1957, REStat.
 * "Activity Analysis in One Lesson", 1958, AER.
 * "On the Theory of Oligopoly", 1958, Economica.
 * "Topology of Second Order Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients", 1958, Econometrica.
 * "The Cardinal Utility which is Ordinal", 1958, EJ.
 * Business Behavior, Value and Growth, 1959.
 * "Integer Programming and Pricing", with R.E. Gomory, 1960, Econometrica.
 * Economic Theory and Operations Analysis, 1961.
 * "What Can Economic Theory Contribute to Managerial Economics?", 1961, AER.
 * "Pitfalls in Contracyclical Policies: Some tools and results", 1961, REStat.
 * "The Theory of Expansion of the Firm", 1962, AER.
 * "Stocks, Flows and Monetary Theory", 1962, QJE.
 * "An Expected Gain-Confidence Limit Criterion for Portfolio Selection", 1963, Management Science.
 * "Rules of Thumb and Optimally Imperfect Decisions", with R. E. Quandt, 1964, American Economic Review, 54, p. 23–46
 * "Decomposition, Pricing for Decentralization and External Economics", with T.Fabian, 1964, Management Science.
 * "On the Performing Arts: the anatomy of their economic problems", with W.G. Bowen, 1965, AER.
 * "Investment and Discount Rates Under Capital Rationing", with R.E.Quandt, 1965, EJ.
 * "Informed Judgement, Rigorous Theory and Public Policy", 1965, Southern EJ.
 * The Stock Market and Economic Efficiency, 1965.
 * Performing Arts: the economic dilemma, 1966.
 * "The Ricardo Effect in Point-Input, Point-Output Case", 1966, Essays in Mathematical Economics in Honor of Oskar Morgenstern.
 * "Macroeconomics of Unbalanced Growth: The anatomy of urban crisis", 1967, AER.
 * "Calculation of Optimal Product and Retailer Characteristics", 1967, JPE.
 * "The Firm's Optimal Debt-Equity Combination and the Cost of Capital", with B.G. Malkiel, 1967, QJE.
 * "Error Produced by Linearization in Mathematical Programming", with R. Bushnell, 1967, Econometrica.
 * "The Dual of Nonlinear Programming and its Economic Interpretation", with M.L.Balinski, 1968, RES.
 * "Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory", 1968, May, American Economic Review
 * "On the Social Rate of Discount", 1968, AER.
 * "On the Discount Rate for Public Projects", 1969, Analysis and Evaluation of Public Expenditures.
 * "Input Choices and Rate-of-Return Regulation: An overview of the discussion", with A.K.Klevorick, 1970, Bell JE.
 * "Optimal Departures from Marginal Cost Pricing", with D.F. Bradford, 1970, AER.
 * "The Economics of Athenian Drama", 1971, QJE.
 * Environmental protection, International Spillovers and Trade, 1971.
 * "On the Economics of the Theatre in Renaissance London" with Mary Oates, 1972, Swedish JE.
 * "The Dynamics of Urban Problems and its Policy Implications", 1972, in Preston and Corry, editors, Essays in Honor of Lord Robbins.
 * "Taxation and the Control of Externalities", 1972, AER.
 * "Detrimental Externalities and Non-Convexity of the Production Set", with D.F. Bradford, 1972, Economica.
 * "The Transformation of Values: What Marx 'Really' Meant", 1974, JEL.
 * The Theory of Environmental Policy, with W.E.Oates, 1975.
 * Economics, Environmental Policy and Quality of Life, with W.E.Oates and S.A. Batey Blackman 1979.
 * Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, with J.C. Panzar and R.D. Wilig, 1982
 * "Contestable Markets: An Uprising in the Theory of Industry Structure", 1982, "AER".
 * Microtheory: Applications and origins, 1986
 * Superfairness: Application and theory, with D. Fischer, 1986
 * "The Optimal Cash Balance Proposition: Maurice Allais' Priority", with J. Tobin, 1989, JEL
 * Productivity and American Leadership: The long view, with S.A. Batey Blackman and E.N. Wolff, 1989.
 * Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive and Destructive, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98(3), pp. 893–921, 1990
 * Perfect Markets and Easy Virtue: Business ethics and the invisible hand, with S.A. Batey Blackman, 1992
 * Entrepreneurship, Management and the Structure of Profit, 1993.
 * The Free Market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle of Capitalism, 2002.
 * Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity, co-authored with Robert Litan and Carl J. Schramm, 2007
 * The Cost Disease: Why Computers get Cheaper and Health Care Doesn't, 2012 https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300198157/cost-disease

Positions and awards

 * William Baumol was President of the American Economic Association for 1981.
 * 1953 Fellow, Econometric Society
 * 1957–58 Guggenheim Fellow
 * 1960–70 Trustee, Rider College
 * 1965 Honorary LL.D, Rider College (Trustee Emeritus)
 * 1965–66 Ford Faculty Fellowship
 * 1970 Honorary Fellow, London School of Economics
 * 1971 Honorary Doctorate, Stockholm School of Economics
 * 1973 Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, Knox College
 * 1973 Honorary Doctorate, University of Basel
 * 1975 John R. Commons Award, Omicron Delta Epsilon
 * 1975 Townsend Harris Medal, Alumni Association of the City College of New York
 * 1982 Distinguished Fellow, American Economic Association
 * 1984 Distinguished Member, Economic Association of Puerto Rico
 * 1986 Winner, Assoc. of American Publishers Award for Best Book in Business, Management and Economics, Superfairness: Applications and Theory
 * 1987 Recipient, Frank E. Seidman Distinguished Award in Political Economy
 * 1988 Joseph Douglas Green 1895 Professor of Economics, Princeton University
 * 1989 Winner, Assoc. of Am. Publishers Annual Awards for Excellence in Publishing, Honorable Mention in Social Sciences, Productivity and American Leadership: The Long View
 * 1992 Recipient, First Senior Scholar in the Arts and Sciences Award, New York University
 * 1996 Honorary Degree, University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands
 * 1996 Honorary Professorship, University of Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * 1999, Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, Princeton University
 * 2003 Winner of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research, the Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum (Entreprenörskapsforum), the Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN) and the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth (Tillväxtverket), Stockholm, Sweden

title: William Baumol


text:
Jody Watley (album)

Jody Watley is the debut studio album by American singer Jody Watley, released on February 23, 1987, by MCA Records. Although Watley already found success as a part of the trio Shalamar, the impact of this album made Watley a cultural style icon in contemporary R&B, pop and dance music. Its success culminated in Watley winning a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1988 against fellow artists Breakfast Club, Cutting Crew, Terence Trent D'Arby and Swing Out Sister. The album also produced three top-ten singles on the US Billboard Hot 100: "Looking for a New Love" (#2), "Don't You Want Me" (#6) and "Some Kind of Lover" (#10). The album has sold two million copies in the United States and over four million copies worldwide.

Track listing
CD bonus track – Track 10. "Looking for a New Love" (Extended Club Version)

Personnel

 * Jody Watley – lead vocals, backing vocals
 * André Cymone – all instruments (1-4, 7, 8, 10)
 * Jeff Bova – keyboards (5, 6, 9)
 * Patrick Leonard – synthesizers (8), drum programming (8)
 * Terrence Elliot – guitars (5, 6, 9)
 * Eddie Martinez – guitars (5, 6, 9)
 * John "LBJ" Staehely – guitars (5, 6, 9)
 * Bruce Gaitsch – guitars (8)
 * Bernard Edwards – bass (5, 6, 9)
 * Tony Thompson – drums (5, 6, 9)
 * Larry Schneider – saxophone (2, 3)
 * Roy Galloway – backing vocals (5, 6, 9)
 * Fonzi Thornton – backing vocals (5, 6, 9)
 * Gardner Cole – backing vocals (8)
 * Tampa Lann – backing vocals (8)
 * George Michael – lead vocals (9)

Production

 * Producers – André Cymone (tracks 1-4, 7, 8, 10); Patrick Leonard (track 8); Bernard Edwards (tracks 5, 6, 9); David Z (tracks 1-4, 7, 8, 10).
 * Engineers – Josh Abbey, Darren Chadwick, Bridget Daly, Jon Ingoldsby, Glenn Kurtz, Csaba Petocz, Chris Porter and Erik Zobler.
 * Assistant engineer – Scott Church (tracks 5, 6, 9)
 * Mixing – André Cymone (track 9); Coke Johnson (tracks 1-4, 7, 8, 10); Michael Verdick (track 8); David Z. (tracks 1-4, 7, 8, 10).
 * Remixing – Taavi Mote and Louis Silas, Jr. (tracks 1, 10)
 * Mix assistant – Michael Blum (track 8)
 * Art direction and design – Lynn Robb
 * Cover art concept and hair stylist – Jody Watley
 * Photography – Victoria Pearson
 * Make-up – Beth Katz

Awards and nominations

 * 1987 - American Music Award Nomination for R&B/Soul Single of the Year [Looking For A New Love]
 * 1988 - Grammy Award for Best New Artist
 * 1988 - Soul Train Award Nomination for Album of the Year
 * 1988 - Soul Train Award Nomination for Single of the Year [Looking For A New Love]
 * 1988 - Soul Train Award Nomination for Best Music Video [Looking For A New Love]
 * 1988 - MTV Video Music Award Nomination for Female Video of the Year [Some Kind Of Lover]
 * 1988 - MTV Video Music Award Nomination for Best New Artist Video of the Year [Some Kind Of Lover]
 * 1988 - Billboard Music Award for Top Dance / Club Play Artist of the Year

title: Jody Watley (album)