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Morley Kells

Morley Kells (born January 26, 1936) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on two separate occasions from 1981 to 1985 and again from 1995 to 2003, and was briefly a cabinet minister in the government of Frank Miller. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Toronto City Council in the 2010 municipal election.

Background
Kells was born in Midland, Ontario in 1936. He was raised in the village of Mimico in the southern part of Etobicoke in west Toronto, Ontario. While in high school in Mimico, Morley was initiated into Gamma Sigma Fraternity International, Beta Nu Chapter in 1953. Kells went on to lead the fraternity as Grand President while an active member over many years with the fraternity. Morley attended the 150th anniversary of the founding of Gamma Sigma, in Niagara Falls Ontario in October 2019 with a large group of alumni.

He was a lacrosse player from 1954 to 1961. In 1955 became a Minto Cup champion with the Canadian Junior Lacrosse Long Branch team. He worked as a coach in the 1960s and 1970s, and started the semi-professional Ontario Lacrosse Association in 1972. In 1974–75, he co-founded the National Lacrosse League, with six teams in Canada and the United States. He received the Lester B. Pearson Award for contribution to sport in 1973, and was named to the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 1976.

Kells also worked as a journalist, writing for The Telegram newspaper and serving as communications accounting executive for MacLaren Advertising. From 1965 to 1970, he served as the creative director for Hockey Night in Canada. From 1990 to 1995, he served as president of the Urban Development Institute of Ontario.

Municipal politics
He was elected as an alderman in Etobicoke in 1976, and won a controller's seat in 1978. Kells ran for mayor of Etobicoke in 1980, but was defeated by incumbent Dennis Flynn.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for Toronto City Council for Ward 5 (Etobicoke Lakeshore), seeking to unseat incumbent councillor Peter Milczyn in the October 25, 2010 municipal election.

Provincial politics
Kells ran for the Ontario legislature in the provincial election of 1971, losing to New Democratic Party candidate Patrick Lawlor by 735 votes in the Etobicoke riding of Lakeshore.

1981–1985
Kells was elected to the Ontario legislature in the provincial election of 1981, outpolling Liberal candidate Jim Mills by over 10,000 votes in the Etobicoke riding of Humber. He was made a parliamentary assistant in 1983. Kells supported Frank Miller's successful campaign for the party leadership in January 1985

Premier Miller appointed Kells Minister of the Environment in his new government on February 8, 1985. Kells' time in cabinet was short-lived. He was not well respected by his staff, and made a rather serious public relations blunder in March 1985. Commenting on a major PCB spill in northern Ontario, he said, "If you're a rat eating PCBs on the TransCanada, you might have some problems." This was widely interpreted as reflecting a lack of concern for serious environmental issues, and did considerable damage to the Miller government.

Early in his ministerial tenure, Kells had intended to announce a $100-million cash infusion for his ministry, with the money to be spent cleaning polluted dump sites and hiring new inspectors. The announcement was postponed, however, when the Miller government decided to de-emphasize social initiatives in favour of fiscal responsibility in the 1985 campaign.

Kells would never get the chance to deliver this message. He lost to Liberal candidate Jim Henderson by almost 2,000 votes in the 1985 provincial election, in which the Tories were reduced to a minority.

1995–2003
In the provincial election of 1995, Kells ran as the Progressive Conservative candidate in the riding of Etobicoke—Lakeshore, and defeated incumbent New Democrat Ruth Grier and Liberal Bruce Davis by a significant margin. He was reportedly annoyed at not being appointed to the cabinet of Mike Harris, however, and played only a limited role in the parliament that followed. He did not serve as a parliamentary assistant, and did not even serve on any committees after 1997. He did serve as a member of the Red Tape Commission of MPPs.

Kells' riding was targeted by both the Liberal and NDP in the 1999 provincial election, but he managed to win re-election by a significant margin (defeating Liberal Laurel Broten by almost 5,000 votes). Once again, he played only a limited role in the parliament which followed.

The Tories had lost much of their Toronto-area support by the time of the 2003 election, and Kells lost to Broten by just over 5,000 votes in a rematch from 1999.

Federal politics
Morley Kells was a candidate for the nomination of the Conservative Party of Canada in Etobicoke-Lakeshore on May 5, 2005, although he was defeated by the 2004 federal candidate John Capobianco.

title: Morley Kells


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User:Eruanne

I'm Eruanne most places online, occasionally eruanne_grace. In real life I'm Lora S. I'm 18 and a freshman at Queens University of Charlotte.

Interests/areas of expertise: The Beatles, Harry Potter, Jane Austen, Gone With the Wind, Audrey Hepburn, Marilyn Monroe, Paint Shop Pro, '66 T-birds, Pride and Prejudice, dwarf Hamsters, Horses, Livejournal...more later.

I frequently contribute to/tweak: The Beatles The Beatles Influence other Beatles-related articles

I'm currently working on an article on dwarf hamsters (Campbell's, Winter White, and Roborovskii).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Eruanne


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Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Special relativity/archive1

Special relativity
Found this one while surfing, we could use more featured articles on physics and this one looks pretty sweet.GeneralPatton 06:47, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. This looks great. The only thing I'd say is it would be nice to see a few references throughout the text and also compiled in a References section at the end. But otherwise, it's a great piece of work. Slim 09:55, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * I took at look around the Internet tonight and the consensus on physics website seems to be that the second postulate has been experimentally verified, though none of the websites cited a source. On Usenet, there is a fierce debate about this issue, which seems to boil down to lack of a clear definition of "verified". Those who argue it has been verified (and that seems to be the vast majority) say no experiment has produced an effect that is inconsistent with what you'd expect the consequences of the second postulate to be, and that's what they mean by "verified." So it's not verified in the way that 2 plus 2 equals 4 is. Some people cite the Michelson Morley experiment, as Jeff does below, as having verified the second postulate. The only problem there is that the MM experiment was in 1881, before Einstein wrote his SP theory, and yet Einstein, as I understand it, doesn't refer to it; also, the fact that he called it a "postulate" (assuming that word was used by him) would indicate that he felt the MM experiment, if he knew about it, did not act as verification. There should probably be a fully referenced explanation of this debate in the article, unless it's confined to angry people on Usenet, in which case the doubts would count as original research and wouldn't be allowed in Wikipedia. So the question is: Has any peer-reviewed journal published an article challenging the widely accepted claim that the second postulate has been experimentally verified? I'm tentatively withdrawing my support until the issue is clarified a little, because the second postulate is central to SR and I didn't realize there were physicists who objected to it. I still love the article though; clearly people have put a lot of work into it. Slim 06:39, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * In general experiments don't and can't verify theories, they can only falsify them. Repeated attempts to falsify the predictions of a theory constitute not proof of, but evidence for a theory. In the case of special relativity there is a considerable body of experimental evidence consistent with the predictions of special relativity.  There might be (and some claim there are) other theories which are also consistent with this body of experimental evidence.  To say that the second "postulate has been verified experimentally" is sloppy and misleading at best. It should be removed, in favor of a section titled something like "experimental evidence for special relativity". Paul August 23:00, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * I have removed the statement that the second "postulate has been verified experimentally". Paul August ☎ 14:28, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * Object for now: good article but the lead is two short and an article as prone to error as this absolutely needs references. Were the external links used as references? I believe Einstein wrote a book on this subject which might also have been referred to? Filiocht 11:10, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. Agree with above. A subject like this has many very solid references and they should be consulted and cited. Einstein's original paper is available in German here, and even translations are available. You can buy an ebook of English translations here for $10, but it is also available as a dead tree book. All of his available personal notes, including his correspondence and some of what he was thinking while proposing the theory are available digitized here. Check the local library, I'm sure you'll find other great ones. Those should provide great material for fact checking. The lead section is a bit short, but otherwise the article looks very good, though I cannot personally verify the accuracy of the material. - Taxman 16:02, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Refer to peer review. This article has a serious error, namely, the falsehood that the basis of special relativity, the second postulate, has been confirmed experimentally. (No one has ever used two clocks in the same frame to measure light's one-way speed, and the postulate claims that the result must be c in all frames in all directions.) 66.147.55.213, Dec 7, 2004
 * Refer to peer review. I concur with the above; there has been no experiment to even test the second postulate, much less to confirm it! Note the utter lack of any who, where, when, and how in the article regarding the alleged experimental confirmation of the postulate. 4.152.255.86, 12-7-2004

 * Anonymous objections? I feel the two "refer to peer review" entries above should be ignored. IP address 66.147.55.213's edit history shows s/he has made only anonymous edits to the Special Relativity page, and one involved the deletion of previous discussions. The second IP address 4.152.255.86 has made only the edit above.  Slim 04:51, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * Object for now: I don't think the article is mature enough yet. The organization is a bit too scattered, and besides, apparently SR is a contentious topic on the net (although it's in no way contested in academia). Shouldn't this page be protected (from vandalism and shady sources) before being advertised widely? novakyu 02:36, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Anonymous objections, so what? "Slim," "anonymous" does not always indicate "wrong." Again, where is the reference for the alleged experimental confirmation of Einstein's second postulate? Cadwgan Gedrych Dec 9 2004

 * You're also anonymous: no user page, no talk page and only this one edit, so it's fair to assume you're the same person as the two "refer to peer review" entries above. It's not a question of right or wrong, true or false. It's a question of attributable and verifiable. If you want to make a comment, sign in under your regular user name and stand by your words. Slim 18:14, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * "attributable and verifiable" were exactly my point (and I did sign in under my regular user name, for whatever that is worth). But it not my words that are in question, it's the unverified (and unverifiable) words of whoever wrote "This postulate has been verified experimentally" re the second postulate. The article needs to be correct, expecially regarding the most important point. (And speaking of anonymity, I have no idea who you may be really.) Cadwgan Gedrych Dec 9, 2004

 * It's a fair point you make that you don't know who I am, but at least I don't pretend to be more than one person, as you have clearly done above. Featured article status tends to be awarded based on numbers of objections, so if you're pretending to lodge more than one, you're cheating. Anyway, I see you've set up a User page now, so I will drop you a further note there instead of here. Slim 21:37, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Cadwgan Gedrych, SlimVirgin is a Wikipedia contributor in good standing, that's all we need to know. Your "regular" user name, on the other hand, came into being today, for the sole purpose of objecting here. "For whatever that is worth"? It's worth zero. Please don't troll WP:FAC, you won't do yourself or your cause any good by it.--[[User:Bishonen|Bishonen (talk)]] 21:48, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No, "all you need to know" is that the article's main part is dead wrong, just as you are about this being some sort of "troll."Cadwgan_Gedrych

 * I think that the second postulate of special relativity was verified by the Michelson Morley experiment . Jeff8765 04:42, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * The Michelson Morley experiment predates special relativity by nearly twenty years. It does not "verify" special relativity. Paul August 05:12, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * Object until a decent bibliography is added. Online references are all very well, but there must be dozens of useful and significant books about this topic. [[User:GeorgeStepanek|GeorgeStepanek\talk ]] 00:40, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Object - it is just not there yet. I may help it along if/when I have time. -- ALoan (Talk) 11:50, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)


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Talk:Seven Seas

Seven
The only sensible list of "Seven Seas" will have seven items. (Does that seem harsh?) The history of the expression "Seven Seas" is worth working on, starting from Google. One of the "seven Seas" is actually the Gulf of Mexico I remember reading... When this material is in good condition, it needs to be merged with Sea, in order to gain some badly-needed context. --Wetman 06:49, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The Gulf of Mexico??? That doesn't even make any sense, seeing how the term is from times and of regions that know nothing of the "New World." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.35.35.34 (talk) 20:44, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Indeed, it should have seven items, which is precisely why I had added the HTML comment . This article should not be merged with sea; the term "Seven Seas" has been used so much in history that someone more knowledgeable in this topic could expand this article by a lot.   —Lowellian (talk)   08:10, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

Removal of some text
My apologies to User:Foobar. The ignoramus who deleted text he didn't understand was User:Foobaz. --Wetman
 * Ignoramus? That sounds an awful lot like a personal attack. Copying text from other websites and pasting it into wikipedia is a copyright violation. I also cleaned up your prose and sectioned the article. I don't appreciate that you reverted my useful changes to the article along with those you disagreed with. Also, your most recent edit summary stated, "adding link to World Atlas website used but not credited by User:Foobaz + added quote". I had never seen that website before now, and i don't see why you think i used it. Also, the "quote" you added was another copyright-violating copy/paste job from the atlas site. foobaz·✐ 07:07, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * An ignoramus is a modest description. Apparently this overconfident junior-high-school student has never been required to quote a cited source, or enter a Reference or external link. The entry as I found it was not outstanding, to speak tactfully. We have a little problem here. --Wetman 09:00, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * I too have a little problem, with your repeated personal attacks and your misleading edit summaries, such as "(See also Four Continents)" for a revert. But, the main reason i edited this page was to add the rest of the seas and my pretty picture, so i'll let you have your "metaphyical geographizings", "elaborate disquisitions", and "mirabile dictu". foobaz·✐ 16:32, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I don't appreciate you heckling this kid -Cam

This isn't right yah know — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.205.117.245 (talk) 10:34, 18 May 2013 (UTC)

Title
On a more adult note, the title here, if it were following Wikipedia practice, would be Seven seas, without the capitalization. I'll move it in a week or so, if there are no objections. --Wetman 09:19, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * The term is capitalized, as it has historically referred to seven specific seas, rather than just any seven seas. In English translations of old texts, you will find sentences like, "...he was cast about all of the Seven Seas..." —Lowellian (talk) 05:14, Mar 21, 2005 (UTC)

Latin
I'm not completely sure, but aren't mirabile dictu, and the other's Latin? ... If so, where the the definitions? ... Mind you I was able to divine a meaning out of the text, but that is just conjecture. Equally as important is the flow ... majority of this text is quoted material, can we clean up the reading so that this is something other than an illegible entry in an unnamed but equally cryptic encycolopedia? While I wasn't thinking it was worth an entry, you've done enough work to convince me. -- Dbroadwell 05:41, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * "Mirabile dictu" seems to have disappeared, but while it's certainly Latin, it's also become incorporated into English. The phrase should be in most English dictionaries: it's certainly in Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. - Nunh-huh 05:18, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes that was some time and many edits ago, the article has improved significantly. Even so, the latin terminologies still need improvement. While one can infer the meaning of 'septem maria' as 'Seven Seas' from the article's context, it does need to be plainly stated. As such, the place for that definition has not made itself obvious in the article yet. -- Dbroadwell 07:32, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC)

What an excellent article!
Good job! Intrigue 16:43, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

Seven Seas and China Tea Routes
It has long been lore among sailors that any “Old Salt” who had “sailed the Seven Seas” proved he had been on the old Clipper Ship Tea Route from China to England, which was the longest trade route under sail and which took the Clippers through the Banda Sea, the Celebes Sea, the Flores Sea, the Java Sea, the South China Sea, the Sulu Sea, and the Timor Sea. Thus to traditional sailors, these are the Seven Seas.

Comments?--68.34.100.158 01:18, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

 * On 5 November 2006 someone edited the main article to say that the seven seas refers to seven small seas throughout the Dutch East Indies. But it didn't give the names of the seas. Do you think those are the same seven seas? - Shaheenjim (talk) 17:31, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Those seven seas are all near the Dutch East Indies. So I decided they probably are the same, and added those seas to that section. - Shaheenjim (talk) 04:51, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Whauu!!! good job ! You have made a good job and helped a lot by the way the seas are beautiful but try adding more pictures thanks! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.1.37.55 (talk) 19:29, 15 May 2010 (UTC)

 * That part is referenced to a marketing website of a commercial organisation - I don't think that is a good source and there really ought to be some better sources out there if that was common usage of the term. -- Beardo (talk) 22:03, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Local waters of Venice or maybe Florence?
Darn.

I read within the last year or so that the "Seven Seas" was a very specific and literal reference to a tricky and hazardous navigational challenge in the waters off of, I think, Venice or perhaps Florence, in which shoals delimited seven deep basins; the only way to safely enter or leave the harbor was by way of these "seven seas."

If I run across it again and can reference it, I'll add it. Dpbsmith (talk) 15:00, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Hah! This isn't where I saw it, but this is what I was referring to:

 * Deposits of silt had not yet built up in the deltas of the Po and the Adige which now separate the Venetian lagoon from that of Comacchio to the south. In that area in Roman times were open bodies of water to which Pliny gave the name "the seven seas." The expression "to sail the seven seas" was a classical flourish signifying nautical skill. It was applied to the Venetians long before they sailed the oceans."

, p. 4

True Seven Seas
To the ancients, "seven" often meant "many," and before the fifteenth century, the many seas of the world were: the Red Sea the Mediterranean Sea the Persian Gulf the Black Sea the Adriatic Sea the Caspian Sea the Indian Ocean

Today, the world ocean is generally divided into four main oceans:

the Arctic Ocean the Atlantic Ocean the Indian Ocean the Pacific Ocean In addition, there are numerous smaller seas and gulfs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.222.231.153 (talk) 14:18, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Actually, they redefined the oceans in 2000 and added a Southern Ocean. - Shaheenjim (talk) 14:59, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

 * It may be true that any particular civilization may have had its particular seven seas but it seems to me that the most likely candidates for "the" Seven Seas are the Mediterranean Sea and the six other great bodies of water surrounding it, as listed in True Seven Seas above. The "seven of eleven" statement in the opening of the article needs some backing. - Rsduhamel (talk), 8 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't believe the Irish Sea and North Sea should be included in the Seven Seas. They were added in an edit on 31 December 2007 by an anonymous Wikipedia editor who never made an edit other than that one.  Seems sketchy, so I deleted it.  I also made an edit today that rephrased the introduction in general to clarify why some seas would be included in some definitions but not others (because they are sometimes considered to be parts of other seas).  I invite people to review that edit and make sure they're ok with it. - Shaheenjim (talk) 17:28, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The article currently says that the Seven Seas include "the Mediterranean Sea (including its marginal seas, notably the Adriatic Sea and the Aegean Sea, which are sometimes listed separately among the Seven Seas)." But I suspect that the Adriatic is always listed separately among the Seven Seas, and the Aegean never is.  We can still note that the Aegean Sea is included among the Seven Seas as part of the Mediterranean Sea, but I suggest that we should change the wording to say that the Seven Seas include "the Mediterranean Sea, including its marginal seas, notably the Adriatic Sea (which is listed separately among the Seven Seas) and the Aegean Sea."  Comments? - Shaheenjim (talk) 04:10, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Also, come to think of it, I think it should be "the Indian Ocean or the Arabian Sea," rather than "the Indian Ocean and/or the Arabian Sea." If the Adriatic is always included, then having both the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea would make eight seas, rather than seven. - Shaheenjim (talk) 05:51, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

Alternate definitions
This website: from the Library of Congress says, "Other geographers state that the seven seas were the Mediterranean and Red Seas, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, China Sea, and the West and East African Seas." Can anybody make sense of that? I think there are multiple China Seas, and I don't know what it means by "the West and East African Seas." - Shaheenjim (talk) 16:57, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

Also, this website says that the Chinese had their own definition of the seven seas. Does anyone know what it is? - Shaheenjim (talk) 16:08, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Correct spelling of Muhammad and link
I corrected the misspelling of Muhammad and provided the link to its Wikipedia article. - Benjamin Franklin 98.249.252.218 (talk) 12:50, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

Ancient connection of the perceived '7 Seas' to the observed '7 Classical Planets'/'7 Heavens'
I just added, The Mesopotamians were the first in the history of astronomy to keep records of the 7 moving objects in the heavens - the 7 Classical Planets/Seven Heavens - and they made this connection to their 7 Seas<ref]citation needed</ref]. - Benjamin Franklin 98.249.252.218 (talk) 13:05, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

Medieval Europeans' "7 Seas" + 4 other Large Bodies of Water (Atlantic Ocean, Aegean Sea, Indian Ocean, North Sea)
The Medieval Europeans were very well aware of the Atlantic Ocean! - Benjamin Franklin 98.249.252.218 (talk) 13:21, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

The ancients observed the 7 Classical Planets & 4 lunar phases of 7 days each and made symbolic connections to this sign from the gods
The ancients observed 7 moving objects in the heavens - the 7 Classical Planets/Seven Heavens - as well as the 4 lunar phases being a little over 7 days (~7.4 days) each. They then connected their different perceived "7 Seas" to the #7 coming from the heavens, as well as the 7 levels of the ziggurats, 7 Palms in the Egyptian Royal Cubits, 7 levels of the first Egyptian Step Pyramid, 7 Metals of Antiquity, 7 Vital Organs, Seven Wonders of the World, 7 lamps in the Hebrews' menorah, etc. Isaac Newton came along and connected his subjective Seven colors of the Spectrum with the Seven musical tones and the Seven days of the Week. Pope Gregory came up with the Seven Deadly Sins patterned after the 7 Classical Planets and the constant use of the #7 in the Bible. - Benjamin Franklin 98.249.252.218 (talk) 13:58, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

Modern usage
There are rather more than seven seas in the world. Therefore it's unlikely that a scientist or navigator would ever need to use the phrase. And even more unlikely that anybody associates the phrase with seven actual seas. I would go further, and suggest that this term is nowadays confined to idiomatic or lyrical use, rather than factual or scientific. "To sail on the seven seas" is just a poetic way of saying "To do a lot of sailing" (as in the OMD song).Darorcilmir (talk) 22:37, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Did you actually bother to read the article before posting this comment? 90.249.28.7 (talk) 17:57, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

Medieval Arabia
Arabic literature and poetry's usage of the seven seas, wasn't only in Arabia (the arabian peninsula), but was used all over the Arabic speaking world by Arabs from Morocco to Oman. up till this day. according to this link, (http://www.uobabylon.edu.iq/uobColeges/service_showrest.aspx?fid=11&pubid=5084) the University of Babylon, the term seven seas is to describe mass bodies of water that seperated lands, and are listed as
 * - Mediterranean Sea
 * - Red Sea
 * - Black Sea
 * - Sea of Qasvin (Caspian sea)
 * - Sea of Arabs (Arabian sea)
 * - Gulf of Arabs (Persian gulf)
 * - Adriatic Sea

The article has no mention of the gulf of Bengal, strait of Malacca, etc.. yet identifies that modern geographers have agreed that the seven modern seas of today are the seven oceans. --

Phonetician or Venetian
Perhaps refers to the Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian, Ionian, Adriatic, Aegean, Balearic, and Alboran Seas. 2600:8806:205:700:ECBD:1F95:7ABA:81ED (talk) 22:08, 16 April 2017 (UTC)

Picture "Historic seven seas"
The seas shown on the picture do not fit to any of the lists in the text. Charlie11 (talk) 15:20, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seven Seas


text:
Galgala

Galgala is a town in Bari region of Somalia. The town has ancient markings of religious symbols and crosses and ancient remains of a cairns which commonly found in Sanaag and Bari, Somalia regions.

Galgala Campaign
The Galgala campaign started on 24 July 2010 when militants led by notorious arms dealer and Al Shabaab operative, Mohamed Said Atom attacked a checkpoint in the town of Karin, just south of commercial town of Bosaaso. Puntland Security Forces responded by attacking the main base of Atom's militants in Galgala on 13 August 2010. The campaign culminated by 31 October 2010.

title: Galgala


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Gulf St Vincent

Gulf St Vincent, sometimes referred to as St Vincent Gulf, St Vincent's Gulf or Gulf of St Vincent, is the eastern of two large inlets of water on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, the other being the larger Spencer Gulf, from which it is separated by Yorke Peninsula. On its eastern side the gulf is bordered by the Adelaide Plains and the Fleurieu Peninsula.

Description
The St Vincent basin is formed from Cenozoic sediments deposited over, and surrounded by, Proterozoic and Paleozoic rock. Around 55 million years ago Gondwanaland broke up and Australia separated from Antarctica, causing a number of basins to form along the southern Australian coastline. Around 40 million years ago a number of blocks formed with the Mount Lofty Ranges rising to the east of the St Vincent basin. At the end of the Last Glacial Maximum around 10,000-15,000 years ago, the sea levels rose and covered the St. Vincent basin.

Location
To the south it is defined by a line from Troubridge Point on Yorke Peninsula to Cape Jervis on Fleurieu Peninsula. Its entrances from the southwest are from Investigator Strait, and to the southeast from Backstairs Passage, which separate Kangaroo Island from the mainland. Adelaide lies midway along the gulf's east shore. Other towns located on the gulf, from west to east include Edithburgh, Port Vincent, Ardrossan and Port Wakefield and Normanville.

History
The Aboriginal name given to it by the original inhabitants of the area, the Kaurna people was Wongajerla, also spelt Wongga Yerlo or Wonggayerlo, meaning "western sea".

It was named Gulph of St. Vincent by Matthew Flinders on 30 March 1802, in honour of Admiral John Jervis (1st Earl of St Vincent) who won a naval victory off Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. It was shortly afterwards (after his meeting with Flinders at Encounter Bay on 8 April 1802) mapped by Nicolas Baudin, who named it Golfe de la Mauvaise or Golfe de la Misanthrophie. In the following year Louis de Freycinet renamed it Golphe Josephine to honour Josephine Bonaparte.

Due to Flinders' lengthy imprisonment on Mauritius during his return to England, the publication of Baudin's map preceded that of Flinders by three years.

The Adelaide Desalination Plant which is located on Gulf St Vincent's eastern shore in Lonsdale, supplies the Adelaide metropolitan area with desalinated water from the gulf. It officially opened in 2013.

Environment
The Gulf teems with crustacea and polychaeta, as well as various species of sea squirts and sea urchins. The benthos is a soft sediment shelf, with species of zosteraceae around the mouth of the Port River. The cardinalfish genus Vincentia takes its name from Gulf St Vincent where the type specimen of its type species was collected.

title: Gulf St Vincent


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Liverpool Institute High School for Boys

The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys was an all-boys grammar school in the English port city of Liverpool.

The school had its origins in 1825 but occupied different premises while the money was found to build a dedicated building on Mount Street. The institute was first known as the Liverpool Mechanics' School of Arts. In 1832 the name was shortened to the Liverpool Mechanics' Institution. The façade of the listed building, the entrance hall and modified school hall remain after substantial internal reconstruction was completed in the early 1990s.

School history in brief
Its initial primary purpose as a mechanics' institute (one of many established about this time throughout the country) was to provide educational opportunities, mainly through evening classes, for working men. Lectures for the general public were also provided of wide interest covering topics ranging from Arctic exploration to Shakespeare and philosophy. Luminaries like Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope and Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered talks and readings in the main lecture hall (now the architecturally restructured Sir Paul McCartney Auditorium of LIPA).

By 1840 the Institution offered evening classes, lectures, a library and a boys' lower and upper school. By the 1850s a formal art school was evolving from the evening classes and in 1856 this diversity was recognised by another name change – The Liverpool Institute and School of Arts.

A girls' school was founded and opened in 1844 under the name Liverpool Institute High School for Girls. It was housed in a merchant's mansion across the street from the boys' school in Blackburne House provided by the generosity of George Holt and which was later (1872) donated to the school by his family in his memory. The school was one of the first which was open to the public in the country established exclusively for the education of girls.

In 1905 the Liverpool City Council took over the management of the secondary schools when the LI Board of Governors presented the school and assets to the City. From then until its closure in 1985, the school was formally known as The Liverpool Institute High School for Boys or more familiarly as The Institute or The Inny to its pupils.

It was an English grammar school for boys ages 11 to 18 with an excellent academic reputation built up over more than a century. Its list of scholarships and places at Oxford and Cambridge runs to some 300 names – in addition to distinctions gained at the University of Liverpool and many other prominent British universities. The school was a true measure of Liverpool's intellectual capital, and its old boys could and can be found in later life in many fields of professional distinction including the law, the Church, armed forces, politics, academia, government and colonial administration as well as in trade and commerce.

In the 1950s, two of the future Beatles, Paul McCartney and George Harrison, were educated at the school.

Closure of the school
The school was closed by the city council in 1985. The Labour Party nationally opposed grammar schools – see Anthony Crosland's Circular of September 1965 required that Local Authorities bring forward schemes for comprehensive secondary education. As grammar school pupils were selected by examination at age 11, there was a long-standing push towards 'comprehensive schools' (as non-selective schools were known) from that party when it took majority control of the City Council in 1983. Demand for secondary school places in the City had also dropped precipitously and there was a huge oversupply of school space as Liverpool's population contracted during the severe economic recession of the early 1980s.

The Deputy Leader of the Labour (Militant) Group on Council at the time was a former LI schoolboy Derek Hatton who had left without academic distinction in 1964 and with strong feelings of dislike towards the school. However the man who was Chair of the Educational Committee at the time of the decision to close the school was Dominic Brady, whose qualifications for his position amounted to being a former school caretaker.

After closure, the building stood empty and neglected, the roof leaking and the walls crumbling. In 1987 it was announced that the LI Trust (under control of Liverpool Council's Education Department) would grant use of the building and site to a new educational establishment. Paul McCartney had returned to his old school in 1979, when with the band Wings he had played a concert at the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool. After the school's closure in 1985, McCartney returned one night to reminisce about his school days, while he was writing his 'Liverpool Oratorio'. This visit is captured in 'Echoes'; a DVD which accompanies the Liverpool Oratoria box set. McCartney was determined to save the building somehow and during a conversation with Sir George Martin, the idea of a 'fame school' emerged as Martin was helping Mark Featherstone-Witty start a London secondary school with an innovative curriculum. McCartney and Featherstone-Witty joined forces to create the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA) opening in 1996. The new company took over the Liverpool Institute Trust which had its origins in 1905.

The building was rebuilt (entirely in parts) behind its old façade and re-opened in 1996 under LIPA's name. The new institute is affiliated with Liverpool John Moores University and is no longer a Liverpool secondary school.

Art school
The city's Art College had its origins as part of the Liverpool Institute. In 1883 a new building housing the School of Art was opened around the corner on Hope Street, adjacent to the principal building housing the High School on Mount Street. The Art College by which it was later known, took in talented students often without formal academic credentials (e.g. John Lennon) and the college eventually became one of the four constituent parts of the Liverpool Polytechnic in 1970 and later in 1992 Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) with the School of Art and Design being housed in the Art and Design Academy.

Liverpool Institute and music
Music and musical performances were a constant theme throughout the life of the school and the Mount St. building. Annual school Speech Day concerts (held in the fine acoustics of Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool), choirs, the organ, piano, music classes and the singing of daily devotional hymns have echoed around its walls for 170 years and continue to do so at LIPA:

 * Neil Aspinall, 1954–1959: Beatles' road manager, managing director of Apple Corp
 * Les Chadwick, 1954–1959: member of Gerry & The Pacemakers
 * Albert Coates, 1894–1900: Anglo-Russian conductor and composer
 * David Ellis: composer and arts administrator
 * Lauri de Frece, 1893–1898, singer in musical theatre and actor
 * Len Garry, 1954–1959: member of The Quarrymen
 * George Harrison, 1954–1959: musician and one of The Beatles. Left without formal qualifications in July 1959 for a job as an assistant electrician at Blacklers department store
 * Stan Kelly-Bootle 1941–1947: mathematics scholar, folk singer and composer.
 * John McCabe, 1950 to 1957: prolific classical music composer
 * Sir Paul McCartney, 1953–1960: musician. Having taken O and A levels, and deciding not to apply for teachers' training college, in July 1960 left school for the Beatles' first stay in Hamburg.
 * Peter Sissons 1953–1961, head boy. Presenter of the BBC Nine O'Clock News and BBC Ten O'Clock News between 1993 and 2003, and a newscaster for ITN, on ITV and Channel 4. He was also a former presenter of the BBC's Question Time programme, retiring from the BBC in 2009.
 * Mike McCartney, 1955–1961: musician Mike McGear in The Scaffold
 * Sir Charles Santley, British baritone
 * Ivan Vaughan, a classics sixth former, 1953 to 1960, who introduced Paul McCartney to John Lennon.
 * C.W. (Colin) Manley, 1953 to 1959 and D.M. (Don) Andrew, 1953 to 1959 both became part of The Remo Four, a group later managed by Brian Epstein.

19th century

 * Mr. Robert Landers (University of Edinburgh), 1828–31, Headmaster, 1835–36; died in May 1836.
 * Mr. Alexander Sinclair MacIlveen Teacher, 1840–42, then Head of Commercial School (1842–1854), then Head of the Liverpool Mechanics' Institute.
 * Dr. William Hunter, M.A., LL.D. (Glasgow)- Head of High School of the Liverpool Mechanics' Institute, 1842–45.
 * Dr. William Ballantyne Hodgson, L.L.D. (Glasgow) – Head master, 1845–47. Left for Chorlton High School, Manchester, 1847–48. Later Prof. Economic Science, University of Edinburgh, 1871–80.
 * Mr. (Later Rev.) James England, M.A. (Dublin, Trinity College) – Headmaster, Liverpool Mechanics' Institute, 1847–49.
 * Dr. William Ihne, PhD. (former Prof. Royal Protestant Gymnasium, Elberfeld, Rhenish Prussia) English, Classics – Headmaster, Liverpool Mechanics Institute, 1849–54.
 * Mr. Alexander Sinclair MacIlveen, Teacher, 1840–42, then Head of Commercial School (1842–1854), then – Head of the reunited School, 1854 to death in October 1861.
 * The Venerable Joshua Jones (later Hughes-Games), M.A., D.C.L. (Oxford, Lincoln College). Mathematics. – Head 1862 to 1865. (Born in 1831, died 1904.)
 * Rev.John Sephton, M.A. (“Late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge”) ( 02.1866–1889 Headmaster. Born 1836; died in 1915. Reader in Icelandic, University of Liverpool, 1895–1910.
 * Mr. Alfred Hughes, M.A., (Oxford, Corpus Christi College). Mathematics. Headmaster, 1890 to 1896. Later Registrar, University of Manchester (born in 1860, married Hester, daughter of Alfred Booth; died 1940.
 * Mr. William Charles Fletcher M.A. (Cambridge, St. John's College) CB (1896–1904) – Headmaster of the reunited school, President from 1939 to 1945 of the Mathematical Association, died in 1959

20th century

 * Henry Victor Weisse (name changed to Henry Victor Whitehouse in 1917), B.A. (Open Exhibitioner, Oxford, Christ Church) (1904–1923) – Headmaster. Died in July 1936.
 * Frederick W. H. Groom, M.A. (Cambridge, St. John's College, Jesus College?) (1894–1917) Vice-Principal (1917–1932 ret.) Acting Headmaster 1923–24. Died in Jan. 1956.
 * Rev Henry Herbert Symonds, M.A. (Oxford, Oriel College) – Headmaster (1924–1935). Author of Walking in the Lake District, 1933; Afforestation in the Lake District. Born in 1885 – Died 28 December 1958.
 * John Robert Edwards MA (Oxford, University College) Headmaster (1935–1961) born in 1897 at Rhyl; died on 8 January 1992 at the age of 95.
 * Malcolm Pasco Smith, M.A. (Cambridge, Trinity) Head master (1961–1965)
 * Dennis Booth, B.A. (Liverpool) (1942–1972) Vice Principal (1957–1965); Head master (1965–1972 ret.).
 * J. Gareth Rogers, M.A., B.Litt. (Oxford, Jesus College) (1950–1977; – Vice-Principal, 1965–1972; – Head master (1972–1977 died).
 * Bertram (Bert) L. Parker, BSc (Wales, Aberystwyth) (January 1948 – 1982; Head master, 1978–1982 ret.).
 * Maurice Devereux, B.A. (Liverpool) (1953–1983; Head master, 1982–1983 ret.).