text:
Talk:Selby

Restructure (2004)
Good to see so much new material on Selby. Article could do with restructuring, in my opinion, with perhaps a slight trim of the useful and informative (but slightly waffly) mining material. Hence why I felt the need to start a talk page to try to achieve some kind of consensus on this.--TylerD 15:12, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Could do with material on the future of Selby, plans for regeneration etc, as well as recent developments in nightlife etc. Also suggest that it would be worth mentioning the Cambleforth murders, as these had a major impact on the town and made national headlines during the manhunt. Obviously details need to be kept to the bare minimum for legal reasons as court proceedings are still active.--TylerD 15:16, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Comment added about the Selby constituency. 62.252.224.17 08:52, 21 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Page could do with a complete revamp to be honest, with a contents bar and multiple sections plus relevant links. Will also add a link to the Mark Hobson case, as it was the biggest news story to affect Selby in years. --Tyler 21:52, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Spamming
We seem to have been plagued recently by people adding links to non-notable sites operated by themselves. This is regarded as spamming on Wikipedia. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#What_should_not_be_linked_to for more details. Thanks. --Archstanton 22:28, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Is the Selby News link classed as spamming? Just wanting a second opinion, thats all. --Tom 20:30, 5 March 2006 (UTC)
 * No, links to notable established sites with a bona fide connection to the article are generally acceptable, especially if they are quoted in the article text. What are not considered acceptable are personal sites which have been added by their owner or their associates, especially when they have hardly any content and consist mostly of lists of links to other sites or adverts. The ones that were removed were of this nature. People do this to boost their Google ranking and use Wikipedia's prestige to make their site seem more important than it is. But Wikipedia is not a "link farm" and this is becoming a growing problem. --Archstanton 08:21, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Industry and economy
Anyone fancy having a bash at updating and expanding this section? There's a lot of development work going on at the riverside, Three Lakes and Barlby/Osgodby and the new science park being built should encourage an influx of professionals. Maybe move the Selby by-pass bit to this section too? --Archstanton 17:57, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

What about someone having a go at chronicling the history of Cochranes Shipbuilding? There's nothing on the web at all and it was significant part of the lives of Selebians. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.123.124.102 (talk) 17:25, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I would put a short summary in this article then expand on it in its own article if there is sufficient material available. Keith D (talk) 22:45, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Hobson Murders
Does this deserve a place in this article? It seems only vaguley connected with Selby (could equally go in the Strensall or York articles surely?) and hardly counts as information on the history of the town. --Jmptdc 11:12, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Of course it does. Hobson had direct links with Selby (he grew up in Selby, was educated in Selby, lived most of his adult life in Selby, worked in Selby in numerous occupations (up until losing his last job, after which he claimed his benefits in Selby, had previous convictions for violence in Selby, his ex-partner and her sister (the first two victims) were from Selby, Camblesforth (scene of the first two murders) is part of the District of Selby, it was the talk of the town during the murder hunt and was the most significant news story to affect the area in years. It's hard to see how it could not be linked to Selby. Also, the role of Wikipedia isn't simply to produce rosy tourist guide potted histories of towns, anything that has some kind of connection should be included, warts and all --Tyler 16:14, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Drax protests
I propose that we add something about the recent highly-publicised (and failed) attempt to "shut down" nearby Drax power station (the camp was adjacent to Barlow Nsture Reserve, inside the Selby district) and its aftermath. With this being the third "news event" type of entry into the article, it may be time to reorganise this section. --Archstanton 14:31, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, the Development section looks really good, maybe it would be an idea to combine the floods, rail crash, Hobson and Drax stories into some kind of "Selby in the news" or "recent history" or whatever section. --TheCenturion 17:51, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Development
I agree that the article would benefit from a development section, the part about the bypass looks very out of place. It also seems strange to have an entire section about the Town Hall - its not very significant and could maybe be rolled into some section about entertainment?

I have also made some slight amendments to some of the existing text. I have corrected some grammatical errors in the part about the Abbey and reworded the first paragraph surrounding the industry.

Let us know what you people think? Jedimasterdurex 21:00, 15 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Good work, I like the new development section. Have added a couple of links to the ESS within the body text. --TheCenturion 09:15, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Thankyou, its my first addition to the site of any significance so nice to see someone thinks its ok. Good work on the article, looks much better than it did a few months ago. I was tempted to trim the Town Hall part myself but didnt want to offend people - it was a bit daft! Jedimasterdurex 22:51, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Sport section
Do we even need this section? Selby is a very small town and, with the greatest of respect to all involved, is not especially noted for its sporting achievements. The existence of such a section also seems to encourage amateur clubs and municipal publicity officers to treat the page as a repository for parish-pump PR material. --TheCenturion 13:19, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Reorganisation
This is a fairly poorly structured article - the various sections (some of them largely superfluous as noted above) seem all to be bolted together, and the facts and figures scattered throughout the text don't seem to be bound together. A case of too many cooks and no chef to guide them? I'm new to Wikipedia but I'd like to have a proper go at the article - doesn't seem particularly active here, so I'll just assume that there are no particular toes that I'm going to step on. If anyone has any comments (not echoed above), then please let me know. Sleepylee 16:53, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * You go ahead, I'll keep an eye out and see if I have any suggestions as you go. Mdcollins1984 23:40, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * See WP:UKCITIES for guidance on settlement article structuring. Jza84 02:13, 12 October 2007 (UTC)

Hello, I don't know if the person above had a go at cleaning up this article but it sure looks like it needs it. Having had a quick look at the guidelines above, it seems someone has followed them to the letter which does not seem appropriate for the Selby article. The guidelines say ""Depending on how much can be written, it may be best to merge" which might be an idea for this article as it seems to contain a lot of waffle amongst the information (such as in the transport section). Maybe its my opinion but there are too many sections considering the amount of actual information hence it could do with some tidying up.

I put a few quick touches in (i.e. referring to the bypass as the bypass rather than the "new bypass" simply because it is no longer new and also removing Goole from the Train crash references since it is never referenced as the Goole train crash) but I suggest someone with the time and know-how takes a good look at this. Thanks Jedimasterdurex 11:55, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I would be against any form of merge - its a town and should have its own article. It just needs cleaning up and referencing by someone who knows about the town. Keith D 13:02, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

I think you have misunderstood what I have meant... I dont mean get rid of Selby as an article! By merge I mean some of the sections contained within the article. At the moment it looks like every sentence is divided by a heading. Cheers Jedimasterdurex 21:38, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Infobox change
I removed the change to Infobox settlement from Infobox UK place which took place without discussion and was subsequently reverted. Please discuss the changes to infobox before making a change to gain consensus. Looks like centralised discussion is currently at Talk:Beverley. Keith D (talk) 18:19, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

What might this mean?
The current Greenpeace craft bearing the name Rainbow Warrior was built in Selby in 1957.[17] Although much of the infrastructure of each remain both in and around Selby, both industries have long since been defunct. This makes no sense. Even reading with a bit more context it makes little sense (which "each" is referred to?). Any chance of someone reworking this? Tonywalton Talk 23:51, 21 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Digging back through the history, the Greenpeace sentence was an insert and the "each" referred to the shipbuilding and coal mining industries. It appears that the coal mining bit has got lost from this paragraph at some stage. Keith D (talk) 18:48, 28 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I have relocated this part later in the section and changed "each" to shipbuilding and coal mining industries. Hope that makes it clearer. Keith D (talk) 18:56, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

The Selby Bank
This appeared in the York Press in February 2011:. Does anyone have any more information about The Selby Bank, that could be added to the History section of this article? Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 21:39, 10 July 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Selby. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110614113708/http://www.selby.gov.uk/news_detail.asp?id=921&menuid=2 to http://www.selby.gov.uk/news_detail.asp?id=921&menuid=2

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at Sourcecheck).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 06:55, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 05:43, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Selby. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://www.webcitation.org/6AgyRRFWZ?url=http://www.selbytimes.co.uk/bygone-days/Vessel-makes-a-splash-4087041.4156840.jp to http://www.selbytimes.co.uk/bygone-days/Vessel-makes-a-splash-4087041.4156840.jp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090627194259/http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=10227 to http://www.northyorks.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=10227
 * Added archive https://archive.is/20130113235743/http://www.goolecourier.co.uk/goole-afc/GOOLE-LIFT--CUP-SECOND.3078023.jp to http://www.goolecourier.co.uk/goole-afc/GOOLE-LIFT--CUP-SECOND.3078023.jp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131119201042/http://www.selbytimes.co.uk/ to http://www.selbytimes.co.uk/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080208162414/http://www.this-is-selby.org/ to http://www.this-is-selby.org/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:20, 29 November 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Selby


text:
Talk:HMAC/to do

 * Describe the actual construction.
 * Describe how the security of HMAC relates to the underlying hash function.
 * Describe the advantages of using HMAC over the underlying hash.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:HMAC/to do


text:
Talk:Kerberos (protocol)/to do

In "Client Service Request," step 4, do the client and server encrypt requests to one another for the purpose of providing the service, or are service requests implicitly sent in the clear, and authenticated by IP address only? How much do the server and client have to worry about a middleman hijacking the session after the authentication process is complete?

title: Talk:Kerberos (protocol)/to do


text:
Talk:Key size/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:Key size/to do


text:
Talk:Linear cryptanalysis/to do

 * Describe the statistical effect of a linear approximation.
 * Describe how a bias can be used to recover a subkey.
 * Discuss how characteristics can be used to find good linear approximations over several rounds.
 * Provide a diagram

title: Talk:Linear cryptanalysis/to do


text:
Talk:M-209/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:M-209/to do


text:
Talk:Message authentication code/to do

 * 1) the embedded SVG diagram "MAC.svg" has text in the lower right that is clipped when constrained smaller than its nominal size
 * 2) also the text in the SVG says "Authetication" instead of "Authentication"

title: Talk:Message authentication code/to do


text:
Talk:PURPLE/to do

 * Full image?

title: Talk:PURPLE/to do


text:
Talk:Playfair cipher/to do

The example is not correct. There is not a 5x5 grid, it is a rectangle 6x4 - that doesn't make sense. Then there are the 'table'-examples and the 'big_picture'-examples. They don't fit together and are mixed up. So there should only be one kind of example.

Hello

The example used needs to be changed, because usually the letter removed from the box is the letter "J", not the "Q" as is done in the example.

Now:

P L A Y F I R E X M B C D G H J K N O S T U V W Z

sugested:

P L A Y F I R E X M B C D G H K N O Q S T U V W Z

If change is done, the example section will be:

Example
Using "playfair example" as the key, the table becomes:

P L A Y F I R E X M B C D G H K N O Q S T U V W Z

Encrypting the message "Hide the gold in the tree stump" we get the cipher as

HI DE TH EG OL DI NT HE TR EX ES TU MP                            ^

 * 1) The pair HI forms a rectangle, replace it with BM
 * 2) The pair DE is in a column, replace it with OD
 * 3) The pair TH forms a rectangle, replace it with ZB
 * 4) The pair EG forms a rectangle, replace it with XD
 * 5) The pair OL forms a rectangle, replace it with NA
 * 6) The pair DI forms a rectangle, replace it with BE
 * 7) The pair NT forms a rectangle, replace it with KU
 * 8) The pair HE forms a rectangle, replace it with DM
 * 9) The pair TR forms a rectangle, replace it with UI
 * 10) The pair EX (X inserted to split EE) is in a row, replace it with XM
 * 11) The pair ES forms a rectangle, replace it with MO
 * 12) The pair TU is in a row, replace it with UV
 * 13) The pair MP forms a rectangle, replace it with IF

BM OD ZB XD NA BE KU DM UI XM MO UV IF

Thus the message "Hide the gold in the tree stump" becomes "BMODZBXDNABEKUDMUIXMMOUVIF".

title: Talk:Playfair cipher/to do


text:
Talk:Polyalphabetic cipher/to do

 * Merge items from Substitution cipher and expand.

title: Talk:Polyalphabetic cipher/to do


text:
Talk:Quantum key distribution/to do

 * Enlarge and correct the E91 section: The "S" in the E91 section is not defined. Further, the section has $$|S|=-2\sqrt{2}$$ which is not possible as it has a nonnegative equal to a negative.
 * Add other protocol descriptions (CV, B92, DPS, SARG04 etc.)
 * Illustrate with diagrams, and maybe photos of a QC setup

title: Talk:Quantum key distribution/to do


text:
Talk:RC4/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:RC4/to do


text:
Talk:Secure channel/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:Secure channel/to do


text:
Talk:Secure shell/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:Secure shell/to do


text:
Talk:Side channel attack/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:Side channel attack/to do


text:
Talk:Stream cipher/to do

 * Add a simple diagram of synchronous stream cipher operation vs asynchronous
 * Mention Shrinking generator, Self-shrinking generator
 * Discuss use of LFSRs in stream ciphers (non-linear combining function; non-linear filtering; clocked LFSRs)
 * Discuss relationship with OTP/Vernam cipher

title: Talk:Stream cipher/to do


text:
Talk:William F. Friedman/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:William F. Friedman/to do


text:
Talk:Transposition cipher/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:Transposition cipher/to do


text:
Talk:Voynich manuscript/to do

None listed.

title: Talk:Voynich manuscript/to do


text:
Talk:Buoyancy

SI units
Changed the example's units from pounds to Newtons to maintain the use of SI on Wikipedia.

 * It is conventional in English to write "3 pounds of water" when one means a quantity of water that weighs 3 pounds. But does one follow that usage with Newtons? Michael Hardy 21:48, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Newtons are a unit of force and therefore are a unit of weight, I believe. I'm sure it's correct, but whether or not it's commonly accepted is a bit dubious.--Ryan Hardy 03:30, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * It is not conventional to refer to Newtons of water, but then, one asks, why does one normally measure out peas or potatoes by the pound or kilogram, which can be considered (in violation of current standards) force? The answer is that one is measuring, or ought to be measuring mass; weight is being used as a surrogate. If a spring scale is used, one is achieving a measure that depends on the local acceleration of gravity, but if a balance is used, one measures mass. The bouyancy discussion is really almost independent of the local acceleration of gravity, unless that somehow varies grossly over the experimental region. That never holds in common experience with buoyancy, although the variations of gravity and centrifugal force do affect the geoid. When you speak of such and so many Newtons of water, you refer to a mass that depends on local gravity.  It is probably better to couch everything as much as possible in terms of masses, or of densities and volumes.

Pdn 05:39, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

But buoyant force is a force, nonetheless, and cannot be measured in kilograms. And, since you have to use subtraction attain that measure of force, the units of measure cannot be changed during the operation(kg-kg ≠ kg∙m/s²). Algebraically, it would make sense to use the term "weight" in the context of force.

If Newtons are unsuitable, then is the kilogram-force a possible option?--Ryan Hardy 21:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Newtons are SI units. A Kilogram a unit of mass. A Kilogram-force is a force that a body of 1 kg mass exerts under gravity and is approximately 10*1=10 newtons. But newtons are a better option as they are the Internationally accepted. Kilograms are also used to measure force assuming the gravitational force is the same everywhere om earth.--Jetru 11:59, August 23, 2005 (UTC)

Negative Buoyancy ?
Is it strictly correct to modify the word buoyancy with negative or neutral? I thought there are only two forces acting vertically on a submarine: buoyancy (upward) and gravity (downward) ? I have heard submariners speak of negative/neutral buoyancy, but I think this is not strictly scientifically correct (much the way non-professionals use the gram/kilogram as a unit of weight rather than mass). Perhaps this distinction should be made for the sake of strict accuracy?Wikkileaker (talk) 19:07, 5 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Best to post at the bottom of the talk page, as folks often won't notice a post inserted into the middle, and you might not get replies.
 * Strictly, you're right. A scuba diver is subject to the downward force of gravity and a buoyant upward force which is due to the displacement of the surrounding water. Strictly, the latter force is "buoyancy". Nevertheless, scuba divers, submariners and others tend to describe the net force (buoyancy - gravity) as "positive buoyancy" if the net force is upwards; "negative buoyancy" if the net force is downwards; and "neutral buoyancy" if the net force is zero. That convention is so widespread among those groups – and hence the sources that discuss those activities – that it would be a disservice to our readers if we were to omit those phrases. --RexxS (talk) 20:27, 5 December 2016 (UTC)
 * This sounds reasonable, but I was wondering if it's worth the bother to insert a sentence making the distinction clear, for sticklers such as myself? :)Wikkileaker (talk) 21:40, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Sure, why not? What sentence did you have in mind? --RexxS (talk) 23:32, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Please let me get back on this...am juggling too many projects just now!Wikkileaker (talk) 20:42, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

Comment on article quality recovered from article
{{This article has numerous errors and hidden assumptions. Additionally, it is much longer than it should be for an encyclopedia article (in my opinion). It should cross-reference important related topics. Notably missing is a link to the equations of motion in a Newtonian fluid from which the hydrostatic relationship is derived with certain assumptions. Surface tension is mentioned as a missing force, but that derives from the boundary condition at a free surface of the fluid. It should probably be rewritten from scratch by an expert. I tried editing it but gave up in frustration, and I do not have time to write a new article to replace it. By the way, I have a Ph.D. in physical oceanography and have worked on ocean and atmospheric physics for more than 40 years. I came to this article with the hope that it would help me in writing a journal article to address problems in the oceanographic literature regarding air-sea buoyancy fluxes. I can see that the confusion extends well beyond oceanography.}

Comment inserted into article by at https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buoyancy&type=revision&diff=781129652&oldid=778671834 and transferred here by myself. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:29, 19 May 2017 (UTC)
 * , Your comments are now here for anyone to see and to respond as they see fit. If you are not already aware, Wikipedia is written by people who have the time and inclination but not always the specialist knowledge, so we rely on other Wikipedians to review and correct things. Pointing out problems can help, if they indicate specific problems, as you have done above in a few cases. We now wait for someone with the time and interest, and hopefully some understanding of one or more of the issues mentioned, to make improvements. • • • Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:36, 19 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Almost any encyclopedia article will contain hidden assumptions and it is always a matter of judgement how much the target audience for the article can be assumed to know. This has long been a problem for this Wikipedia article as it used as a homework reference by high-schools pupils and apparently by PhDs writing journal articles. Since the article attempts to cater for such a wide spectrum, it is hardly surprising that it is much longer than a reader may have expected. It has actually had a sizeable section on dynamic buoyancy removed. Are you saying it should cover dynamic buoyancy, including the effects of drag and viscosity as well? Wouldn't that make it even longer? I personally don't believe the article has any errors, and until someone actually points to a specific issue, I'm inclined to take a report of "numerous errors" rather skeptically. I'm sure it should cross-reference important related topics, but without a hint as to what these "important related topics" are, it's difficult to link them. We do have an article on Newtonian fluids, but it is by no means obvious how that should be linked from this article. I'd be happy to see a proposed re-write from an expert, but – as you make clear – experts are always too busy to write general encyclopedia articles for no reward. --RexxS (talk) 09:37, 19 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Air-sea buoyancy flux as a subject before our "buoyancy" article would probably benefit best from readings about atmospheric fields. Related we do have Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric chemistry and Atmospheric physics. That last would lead to Cloud physics which mentions a "buoyant convective upward motion", basicly buoyancy flux although that's only short of describing the full phenomenon of course. So do we have, Convective lift, and Atmospheric convection. There was in the past a paragraph "Buoyancy of air" in the present "Buoyancy", conceptually, not uninteresting . Two main flaws in it were that water is often considered incompressible in mechanics, and following a similar pattern of paradoxes due to the versatility of language, no surface of the atmosphere, by definition, may exist. Now Atmospheric escape could give the start of inspiration for expert writing on boundary fluxes phenomenons. --Askedonty (talk) 21:24, 19 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Air-sea buoyancy flux as a subject before our "buoyancy" article would probably benefit best from readings about atmospheric fields. Related we do have Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric chemistry and Atmospheric physics. That last would lead to Cloud physics which mentions a "buoyant convective upward motion", basicly buoyancy flux although that's only short of describing the full phenomenon of course. So do we have, Convective lift, and Atmospheric convection. There was in the past a paragraph "Buoyancy of air" in the present "Buoyancy", conceptually, not uninteresting . Two main flaws in it were that water is often considered incompressible in mechanics, and following a similar pattern of paradoxes due to the versatility of language, no surface of the atmosphere, by definition, may exist. Now Atmospheric escape could give the start of inspiration for expert writing on boundary fluxes phenomenons. --Askedonty (talk) 21:24, 19 May 2017 (UTC)

Understanding through etymology
Etymology please. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.91.248.85 (talk) 08:39, 27 January 2019 (UTC)

 * Buoyancy comes from "buoyant" which comes from "buoy". The OED says: "15th cent. boye corresponds to Old French boye (Diez), boyee (Palsgrave), modern French bouée, Norman boie (Littré), Spanish boya , Portuguese boia ‘buoy’; Dutch boei , Middle Dutch boeie ‘buoy’, and ‘fetter’; the same word as Old French boie , buie , boe , bue , beue , Provençal boia , Old Spanish boya fetter, chain < Latin boia halter, fetter; applied to a buoy because of its being fettered to a spot. It is not clear whether the English was originally from Old French, or Middle Dutch."   Dbfirs  22:33, 27 January 2019 (UTC)

Reverts
I've just reverted two edits by. The change to the lead asserted that lift on an aircraft wing was the same as buoyancy, which is untrue as lift patently depends on the forward motion of the wing and Bernoulli's principle. The second merely repeated the content of sentence following it. --RexxS (talk) 19:52, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Buoyancy


text:
Terry Dicks

Terence Patrick "Phil" Dicks (17 March 1937 – 17 June 2020) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was MP for the constituency of Hayes and Harlington from 1983 to his retirement in 1997, having unsuccessfully contested Bristol South in 1979. He obtained the nickname Phil for, according to The Telegraph, "elevating Philistinism to an art form".

Early life and career
Dicks was born with cerebral palsy on 17 March 1937 in Bristol to Frank and Winifred Dicks. He "saw little of his father", who "did not play a part in his childhood"; his mother, a cleaner, died of arthritis. Leaving school at 15, he worked at Imperial Tobacco as a clerk until 1959, then at the Ministry of Labour. He was educated at the University of Oxford (DipEcon) and the London School of Economics (BSc (Econ)).

Outside Parliament
Dicks was elected to Hillingdon Borough Council in 1974. In 1978, as housing committee chairman, he attracted controversy after he offered hostel accommodation to a white Rhodesian family but sent an Asian family "in a taxi to the Foreign Office" despite the fact that both had arrived in the UK as immigrants. Dicks maintained the Asian family's grounds for staying were "unconvincing while the Rhodesians’ case was not." He was suspended in 1982 when the Greater London Council took issue with comments he made regarding arrears from the Strongbridge Housing Association.

Dicks was selected as the Conservative Party's candidate for the seat of Bristol South in the 1979 general election, but he lost out to Labour's Michael Cocks.

From 1999 until he retired in June 2009, Dicks was a member of Surrey County Council, representing the town of Addlestone. Beginning in 2011, he was a Runnymede district councillor for Chertsey South and Row Town.

Member of Parliament
Dicks was elected as the Member of Parliament for Hayes and Harlington in 1983 in succession to Neville Sandelson. He was known for his hardline right-wing views and caused controversy over several public statements he made. His strong opposition to state funding for the arts inspired Labour MP Tony Banks to claim, in a February 1990 debate, that Dicks' presence in the House of Commons was "living proof that a pig's bladder on a stick can get elected to Parliament."

In another arts funding debate in July that year, his remarks were controversial enough for fellow Conservative MP Patrick Cormack, in a heated House of Commons, to say, "This man is a disgrace to the House of Commons." Dicks replied, "My hon. Friend the Member for Staffordshire, South (Cormack) reminds me of Henry VIII not with all the doublet and hose, but at least well fed."

Regarding Derrick Gregory, a mentally subnormal man who had been sentenced to death in Malaysia for drug smuggling, Dicks said he would be writing to the Malaysian government congratulating it on its approach. On Farzad Bazoft, an Observer journalist hanged by Saddam Hussein in 1990, Dicks said he "deserved to be hanged" on the eve of his execution.

In 1990, when Nelson Mandela declined to meet the then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on a trip to London, a greatly offended Dicks asked, rhetorically, "How much longer will the Prime Minister allow herself to be kicked in the face by this black terrorist?"

As an MP and a member of the Conservative Family Campaign, Dicks left a legacy as a critic of high-profile HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns at the time of the emergence of the disease in the 1980s. Frequent controversial jokes furthering these opinions and others – such as suggesting "tell 'em that if you shove your willy [British slang term for a penis] up someone's bum you're going to catch more than a cold" as a central message of the government's HIV/AIDS campaign (instead of encouraging gay men to use condoms), descriptions of immigrants to Britain as "the flotsam and jetsam from all over the world," and ridiculing a Somali refugee family buying water in a London supermarket, saying "where they come from they're happy to drink out of puddles" – fuelled protests, according to the Socialist Worker. His Labour successor, left-winger John McDonnell, described him as a "stain," a "malignant creature," and an espouser of racism in his maiden speech in 1997.

Dicks called for the BBC soap opera EastEnders to be cancelled or screened after 11pm, following a storyline involving a gay kiss between two men. He was supportive of measures to decrease periods for abortion.

Personal life
Due to his cerebral palsy, Dicks referred to himself in the House of Commons as a "spastic".

He had four children – three daughters and a son – across two marriages. He died on 17 June 2020, aged 83.

title: Terry Dicks


text:
Arthur Shrewsbury

Arthur Shrewsbury (11 April 1856 – 19 May 1903) was an English cricketer and rugby football administrator. He was widely rated as competing with W. G. Grace for the accolade of best batsman of the 1880s; Grace himself, when asked whom he would most like in his side, replied simply, "Give me Arthur". An opening batsman, Shrewsbury played his cricket for Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club and played 23 Test matches for England, captaining them in 7 games, with a record of won 5, lost 2. He was the last professional to be England captain until Len Hutton was chosen in 1952. He was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1890. He also organised the first British Isles rugby tour to Australasia in 1888.

An expert on sticky wickets, Shrewsbury topped the first-class batting averages seven times including in 1902, his final season. The following spring, incorrectly believing he had an incurable disease, he shot himself at his sister's home in Gedling, Nottinghamshire.

Early life
Shrewsbury, the seventh child of William Shrewsbury and Mary Ann Wragg, was born in New Lenton, Nottinghamshire. He was educated at the People's College, Nottingham and trained as a draughtsman. His early club cricket was, like William Scotton, with Meadow Imperial and he subsequently played for Nottingham Commercial Club where he came to the notice of the county officials.

On 12 May 1873, having just turned 17, Shrewsbury made his first appearance at Lord's for the Colts of England against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). His batting was modelled on that of Richard Daft. The season also saw Meadow Imperial, Shrewsbury's club side, replaced by Meadow Willow CC.

First-class beginnings
Shrewsbury missed most of the 1874 season with rheumatic fever, and did not make his first-class debut until May 1875 for Nottinghamshire against Derbyshire. He ended the season with 313 runs at 17.38, with a top score of 41; in a season of wet weather he finished fourth in the county's batting averages.

The following year Shrewsbury made his maiden first-class century, scoring 118 against Yorkshire, at Trent Bridge sharing in an opening partnership of 183 with Richard Daft. Shrewsbury finished the season with an innings of 65 not out against Surrey in a low scoring match. In May 1877, he made 119 at The Oval for the Players of the North against Gentlemen of the South. He also scored four fifties and finished the season with 778 runs at 19.94.

In 1878 Australia made their first tour to England. Their first match was against Nottinghamshire: Shrewsbury scored 8 in an innings victory for the home team. He scored 724 runs at 21.29 during the season with a top score of 74 not out. The following season was less successful – his average dropped to 15.78 and he was not selected for either of the Gentlemen v Players fixtures. He toured North America in September 1879 with Richard Daft's XI, where the side won all six matches, all of them against odds (opposition teams of more than eleven players). During the 1880 season he scored 403 runs, his highest score, 66 not out, against the touring Australians.

In 1881 Shrewsbury led the strike of Nottinghamshire professional players alongside Alfred Shaw following disagreements with the county secretary, Captain Henry Holden, over an early season fixture with Yorkshire arranged by Shaw and Shrewsbury. The strike meant Shrewsbury played just three first-class matches during the season. The break allowed him, Shaw and James Lillywhite to organise a lucrative eight-month tour of Australia, New Zealand and America the following winter.

World tour
The tour began with games in North America, although Shrewsbury missed the first leg of the tour with bronchitis and sailed directly to Australia via Suez. The five matches in America were financial failures with receipts just covering expenses.

In Australia, the team played two first-class matches before the First Test. In the second of these the tourists beat Victoria despite having followed-on with Shrewsbury scoring 80 not out in the second innings. The First Test was staged at Melbourne over the New Year. Shrewsbury, one of ten debutants, scored 11 and 16 in a drawn match. Seven matches in New Zealand followed before the team returned to Australia for the remaining three Test matches, Shrewsbury scored 7 and 22 in the Second Test at Sydney. His best performance of the tour came in the Third Test, again at Sydney, top scoring in both innings – 82 and 47 – the next highest score by an Englishman was 23. In the final Test he scored 1, final day rain ruining the best chance of English victory during the series which ended 2–0. The matches in Sydney and Melbourne proved popular meaning the three promoters made £700 each.

After the tour Shrewsbury returned to England in better physical shape thanks to the warmer climate of Australia. He and Shaw wrote to the Nottinghamshire committee to apologise for their previous season's actions, and both were welcomed back into the side.

Domestic success
In 1882 Shrewsbury scored his maiden first-class double century, the first double century by a Nottinghamshire cricketer, an innings of 207 at The Oval sharing in a stand of 289 with Billy Barnes, a first-class second wicket record. But this was Shrewsbury's only score above fifty all season. The following season was in complete contrast, as Shrewsbury scored seven fifties and no century, reaching 1,000 runs in a season for the first time.

In 1884 Australia toured England. Shrewsbury warmed up for the First Test with 209 against Sussex at Hove, sharing in a stand of 266 with Billy Gunn, a first-class record for the fifth wicket. In the drawn First Test at Old Trafford Shrewsbury top scored with 43. He managed 27 in the Second Test which England won by an innings. The Third Test was drawn, Australia having scored 551. Declarations were not permitted until after 1889, and Australia batted for 311 overs. Every England player got a bowl, Shrewsbury coming on last after wicket-keeper Alfred Lyttelton. Shrewsbury finished the season just short of 1,000 runs as Nottinghamshire were declared Champion County, having won nine out of their ten matches.

Test success
Lillywhite, Shaw and Shrewsbury arranged another tour of Australia in 1884–85, with Shrewsbury as team captain. In the First Test at Adelaide Shrewsbury opened for the first time in Tests, scoring a duck and 26 not out as England won by 8 wickets. England won by 10 wickets in the Second Test, with Shrewsbury scoring 72 and 0 not out. The next two Tests were lost with Shrewsbury making scores of 18, 24, 40 and 16. In the deciding Fifth Test at Melbourne he played a captain's innings scoring 105 not out after dropping down the order, his maiden Test century. Australian critic Felix described the innings: "His play throughout was a treat to look at, and that neat and effective stroke of his between square-leg and mid-on is worth copying. He made a large number of his 105 in this spot. His defence was splendid, his cutting clean and telling, his timing could not well be excelled." Shrewsbury finished the Test series with 301 runs at 50.16 and made £150 from the tour, the figure reduced by the boycotting of several matches by the 1884 Australians.

In 1885 Shrewsbury topped the batting averages for the first time scoring 1130 runs at 56.50 with four centuries, including carrying his bat for 224 not out at Lord's. For the third season in a row Nottinghamshire were Champion County. The following season he once again carried his bat, this time against Gloucestershire defying W. G. Grace for 72 overs in scoring 227 not out. Although Shrewsbury's best innings of the season was to come against the touring Australians and the demon, Fred Spofforth.

Shrewsbury warmed up for the Second Test (England won the First Test by 4 wickets) with another hundred against Grace in a Gentlemen v Players fixture. In the Second Test at Lord's Shrewsbury demonstrated his ability on sticky wickets against top bowling: against a side containing Spofforth, the finest bowler of the era, he finished the rain-interrupted first day unbeaten on 91, and carried this to 164 in easier conditions on the second day. The second highest score in the match was 58 by Billy Barnes, and Australia lost by an innings. England completed a whitewash with another innings victory at The Oval. Shrewsbury finished the season with 1404 runs as once again Nottinghamshire retained the title.

Two Australian tours
England toured Australia in 1886–87 with Shrewsbury once again captaining the team. In two low scoring Tests (no team innings totalled as many as 200) Shrewsbury contributed 46 runs as the tourists won the series 2–0. His best innings of the tour came for the Non-Smokers against the Smokers in Melbourne, where he scored 236 in a total of 803, then a first-class record, as was the third wicket partnership of 311 between Shrewsbury and Billy Gunn. The one-sided matches and the bad weather led to poor crowds, and the tour's organisers failed to make a profit. Nevertheless, Shrewsbury was already planning another tour the following year.

1887 proved to be Shrewsbury's best season, with 1653 runs at 78.71. His batting average was the highest so far achieved, narrowly beating W. G. Grace's record of 78.25 in 1871. Shrewsbury made consecutive scores of 119, 152, 81, 130 and 111, and finished the season with his highest first-class score of 267 against Middlesex. During the season Shrewsbury scored his 10,000th first-class run.

In 1887–88 Shrewsbury made his final tour to Australia. It became a financial disaster, as the Melbourne Club were financing their own rival touring team. Shrewsbury's side's first match at Melbourne became farcical: against a Victoria side containing only four first-team players the tourists won by an innings and 456 runs. Shrewsbury scored 232, becoming the first Englishman to score a double century in Australia. The two touring teams combined for a Test Match against Australia at Sydney. Shrewsbury top scored with 44 in a low-scoring match which England won. In the final fixture of their tour Shrewsbury scored another double century to finish with 721 runs at 65.54, 500 more than anyone else. To try to recoup some of his losses Shrewsbury stayed in Australia after the cricket tour, and managed an English rugby football team. For this reason he missed the 1888 English cricket season. The football tour in fact added to the losses, ending in an £800 deficit to add to the £2400 lost on the cricket leg of the tour.

1888 Australian rules football and Rugby tour of Australasia
Shrewsbury organised and played on a little known and unique tour in which a British team played a series of matches in Australian rules football, in Victoria and South Australia and Rugby matches in Australia's northern states and New Zealand. This tour is noteworthy as it was the only tour in the history of Australian rules football, apart from New Zealand's early participation in the sport's interstate competition, where an international team toured Australia. It was also of note because on the tour a number of people involved on the British side commented that they liked the Australian game more than Rugby. Shrewsbury also participated in organising a return tour by an Australian team to Britain, in which the Australian rules side of the tour was cancelled at the last moment. At the time in England and Scotland there was interest in Australian rules football and games were played, and it has been suggested that had the Australian rule side of tour gone ahead then Australian rules football could possibly have spread around the world like a number of other sports from the British Empire.

Best batsman in England
Shrewsbury scored a century against Sussex in his first match back in England, but this was his highest score of the 1889 season. He finished with 522 runs at 37.28. Shrewsbury was chosen as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1890, an award that had only been introduced the previous year.

In 1890 he matched his highest score with an innings of 267 against Sussex, and he shared in a partnership of 398 with Billy Gunn which remains the second wicket record for Nottinghamshire, and was a first-class record for any wicket for nine years. Australia toured during the season, but Shrewsbury struggled in the Tests with scores of 4, 13, 4 and 9 as England defended The Ashes in a low scoring series. The highest team innings was 176. Shrewsbury topped the domestic batting averages.

Shrewsbury started the 1891 season with a run of low scores, failing to reach double figures in eight consecutive innings in the County Championship (although he did carry his bat for 81 in a Players v Gentleman fixture during this run). However the second half of the season saw a dramatic improvement which resulted in him topping the batting averages once again. He was offered a place on the tour party to Australia, but decided to stay at home to look after the business as his business partner Alfred Shaw was travelling as manager of the team.

In 1892 Shrewsbury scored his tenth and final double century during a match against Middlesex. He scored four more centuries, including carrying his bat for 151 for the Players against the Gentlemen, and had the highest batting average for the third successive season. Australia's tour of England in 1893 included three Test matches. In the First Test at Lord's Shrewsbury played a similar innings to seven years previously, the great bowler this time was Charles Turner. On a difficult first day wicket Shrewsbury scored 106. Wisden reported: "Shrewsbury's batting was marked by extreme patience, unfailing judgment, and a mastery over the difficulties of the ground, of which probably no other batsman would have been capable." During the innings Shrewsbury became the first cricketer to score 1,000 Test runs. He added 81 in the second innings, but rain meant the result was a draw. He had scores of 66, 12 and 19 not out in the rest of the series as England retained the Ashes. Shrewsbury was the leading run scorer in the series with 284 at 71.00.

After Test career
Shrewsbury missed the 1894 season because of indifferent health but he reappeared in 1895 leading the county averages in a disappointing season for Nottinghamshire. He passed 1,000 runs in 1896 with 2 centuries including carrying his bat for 125 against Gloucestershire.

Shrewsbury passed 20,000 career first-class runs in 1897. His only century of the season came for the Players against the Gentlemen, scoring 125 as captain. Shrewsbury's scores improved in 1898 and 1899 with season tallies of 1,219 and 1,257 runs, leading the county averages in both seasons. In 1899 Shrewsbury and Arthur Jones shared in an opening partnership of 391, which remained a county record until 2000.

In 1900 Shrewsbury's season average dropped to 32.03, his lowest since 1884, but he still topped the county averages. In 1901 Nottinghamshire were dismissed for 13 against Yorkshire, the second lowest total ever made in county cricket, Shrewsbury split his hand while fielding and missed the rout.

In 1902, aged 46, Shrewsbury again topped the first-class batting averages. He notched up four centuries, including two in a match for the first time. His performances during the season earned him further praise in the 1903 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack: His batting was marked by all its old qualities, and except that he is, perhaps, less at home on a really sticky wicket than he used to be, there is little or no change to be noticed in his play. He was as patient and watchful as ever, and once or twice when runs had to be made in a hurry he surprised everybody by the freedom and vigour of his hitting. The Nottinghamshire Committee raised donations of £177 14s (worth about £0 at current prices) for Shrewsbury in recognition of his batting performance.

Death
Shrewsbury complained of kidney pains during a match for Lenton United on 27 September, and during the winter he consulted various doctors and specialists who could discover nothing seriously wrong with him. During the spring his health started to improve, but it was unlikely that he would play county cricket in 1903.

On 12 April 1903 Shrewsbury bought a revolver from a local gunsmith. He returned a week later after having difficulty in loading the gun. The clerk found that Shrewsbury had the wrong bullets and supplied the correct ones. Shrewsbury went to his bedroom that evening and shot himself first in the chest and then, when that did not prove fatal, in the head. His girlfriend, Gertrude Scott, found him bleeding from a head wound and by the time a doctor arrived Shrewsbury was dead. At the inquest, held the following day, the coroner decided that Shrewsbury had committed suicide, his mind having been unhinged by the belief that he had an incurable disease. The coroner added that there was, however, no evidence to show Shrewsbury was suffering from a major illness.

Shrewsbury's funeral took place two days after his death at All Hallows Church, Gedling.

Statistical overview

Shrewsbury was the first cricketer to pass 1,000 Test runs when he reached 7 during his innings of 106 at Lord's in 1893. His career total of 1,277 runs was a record until January 1902 when it was overtaken by Joe Darling. Shrewsbury had held the record for over 15 years; only Clem Hill and Wally Hammond have held the record for longer.

Two of Shrewsbury's three Test centuries came at Lord's including his highest Test innings of 164, a score which remained a Test record at the ground until 1924 when it was beaten by Jack Hobbs. In six innings at the ground Shrewsbury scored 395 runs at an average of 65.83.

Shrewsbury set a number of batting records for Nottinghamshire. He scored the county's first double-century in 1882 and scored seven of the county's first eight double-centuries. He was also the first Nottinghamshire cricketer to score a hundred in both innings of a match. His 1887 county record of six centuries in a season wasn't beaten until 1925.

In the seven seasons between 1886 and 1892 Shrewsbury topped the first-class averages five times – and during one of these seasons, 1888, he did not play at all as he was in Australia managing the rugby football team.

Style
Shrewsbury was considered quite a slow scoring batsman, but C. B. Fry described his play thus: "The idea that he is slow is mistaken. True, he is often half an hour without scoring; but somehow he makes up for it and is all but even with his more mobile partner. The fact is he waits for the ball he wants, and then secures a certain fourer. He does not waste time and energy in banging ball after ball into fieldsman's hands."

Edward Sewell, a contemporary of Shrewsbury's, described his play like this: "And so, little by little, this little man playing a quite different kind of cricket to any other Big Noises of his time, perfected his own chosen method; never heeding anything in the shape of advice or an adviser, until he became a king of legend." The method of play Sewell was referring to is back-play, which allowed Shrewsbury to master the bad wickets which were often found on county grounds. Most batsmen of 1870s and 1880s typically played off the front foot. His Wisden obituary contains similar sentiments: "As a batsman he had a style of back play peculiarly his own, and his judgment of the length of bowling was almost unequalled. It was said of him that he seemed to see the ball closed up to the bat than any other player."

Shrewsbury was not a strong or muscular man and stated that he did not hit the ball, but steered it in the desired direction.

Shrewsbury's technique was criticised by Rait Kerr in his book 'The laws of cricket'. He wrote: "As we have seen the improvement in pitches enabled Arthur Shrewsbury to develop a new gospel of defensive batsmanship which soon made many converts. From about 1885 this technique involved an increasing use of the pads." At the time the lbw law stated that for the batsman to be out, the ball had to pitch between wicket and wicket. In 1888 the MCC considered a change to the law but instead issued a statement saying that defending the wicket with the body was against the spirit of the game.

Shaw and Shrewsbury
During the 1879 tour of North America Shrewsbury along with Alfred Shaw finalised plans to start a business. 'The Midland Cricket, Lawn Tennis, Football and General Athletic Sports Depot' in Carrington Street, Nottingham. Following the profitable tour of 1881/2 they opened a factory under the name 'Gresham Works' situated in Waterway Street and in the spring of 1884 the name of the firm was changed from 'The Midland Cricket, Lawn Tennis, Football and General Athletic Sports Depot' to 'Shaw and Shrewsbury'. Their trademark of a kangaroo and emu with a cricket bat between them was introduced in 1886.

Following the financial losses made during the tour of Australia in 1887/8 the firm downsized from the two buildings into a single building in Queen's Bridge Road.

After Shrewsbury's death his share in the firm was split between his brother, William, and four of his nephews. The firm was closed in 1939 with its assets being bought by Grays of Cambridge.

title: Arthur Shrewsbury


text:
User talk:F cam

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 15:16, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:F cam


text:
User talk:Justcron

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 15:18, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:Justcron


text: User talk:81.76.97.65

title: User talk:81.76.97.65


text:
User talk:RandomWalk

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 15:21, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Related content in aircraft articles
Hi RandomWalk - the table that you created at the bottom of the B-29, B-32, and B-50 articles belongs to an older page layout standard - the text version is the one currently in use (see WikiProject Aircraft/page content ). Please don't convert any more text sections to tables; however help in converting the many pages that still have the old tables on them to the new text standard would be most appreciated! Cheers --Rlandmann 05:11, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Oops! I apologize. I saw both of the formats, but I couldn't find any documentation of the correct format. Thanks for pointing the WikiProject out.

Cimarron classes

 * The article contains no information on the second class which will go into Template:Cimarron class fleet replenishment oiler when it is added. Apparently, according to RJBurkhart, the old oilers are not "fleet replenishment" vessels. Rmhermen 03:29, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The article mentions "jumbo-izing" some of the oilers, which only occurred with the 1970s-era class of oilers. I will defer to RJBurkhart on wheter they were "fleet replenishment" or not. I suggest that the older classes template and article have the suffix "(1939)" added to their names, and likewise, the newer class have an appropriate year tagged onto their names. --RandomWalk 04:57, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Your suggestion here is nearly the opposite of RJBurkhart's complaint. I have no knowledge of this area but think that Cimarron class fleet replenishment oiler and Cimarron class oiler are distinctive names. I don't know about any jumbo-izing which appears an awkward term in itself. Rmhermen 05:04, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

NowCommons: File:Usswhiteplains-cve.jpg
File:Usswhiteplains-cve.jpg is now available on Wikimedia Commons as Commons:File:USS White Plains (CVE-66) at San Diego, 8 March 1944.jpg. This is a repository of free media that can be used on all Wikimedia wikis. The image will be deleted from Wikipedia, but this doesn't mean it can't be used anymore. You can embed an image uploaded to Commons like you would an image uploaded to Wikipedia, in this case:. Note that this is an automated message to inform you about the move. This bot did not copy the image itself. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 09:40, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:55, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

File:Usssicily-cve.jpg listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Usssicily-cve.jpg, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Iazyges  Consermonor   Opus meum  09:41, 1 January 2017 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:26, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:21, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:RandomWalk


text:
UPDF

UPDF may refer to:
 * Uganda People's Defence Force
 * UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino (UP Filipino Dictionary)
 * United People's Democratic Front (Bangladesh)

title: UPDF


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laietta

Laietta
Family name. Not notable enough. If someone wants to elaborate on a famous member of the family, maybe then it'll be worth saving, but as it stands, delete. Gsd97jks 15:22, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, ultimately, this is pure family vanity (trying to "immortalize" some family legend), nn. Wyss 16:47, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * del Mikkalai 02:29, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Andre Engels 22:09, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete kaal 05:48, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Laietta


text:
User talk:GrahamBanes

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 15:23, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

title: User talk:GrahamBanes


text:
Talk:Race and intelligence/Archive 3

Untitled
I suggest to you guys, as a disinterested newbie, that you remove the long-winded overview. It is tense, argumentative, and in my opinion unsuitable for a neutral encyclopedia. It has the feel of one person trying to say "race" doesn't have much meaning and another person trying to say it has plenty of meaning. After all of this fuss, the article freely talks about "Blacks," "Whites," and "Hispanics," and one wonders what all the fuss was for. Why not simply say that the word "race" will be used loosely in the sense that it is used loosely by most people, from civil rights leaders to politicians to the hoi polloi? I, for one, don't care whether Blacks and Whites and Hispanics are subspecies or populations or groups or divisions or what have you. But if I should care--if there is a deep reason that this spirited discussion of the meaning of "race" belongs in the article and not in Race--why not present it later as a subtopic? This article would be stronger if you got right to the crux of the matter--the Debate and the IQ gap.

I also suggest that the long section on the The Mismeasure of Man is inappropriate. It begs for a similar section from The Bell Curve. Just as tense. Just as much opportunity for potshots from the other side. It seems to me this belongs in an article entitled The Mismeasure of Man, which can be linked from Race and intelligence. If Gould's arguments are particularly meritorious, they should stand alone as subtopics. Maybe a subtopic called "Correlation is not causation," saying that some scientists believe that the link between average IQ score of a race and a race could be analogous to the link between Gould's age and the price of Swiss cheese.

Rmalloy 17:28, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * For the most part I agree with you. The reason that there is so much emphasis on the nature and definition of race in the intro is that there is a line of thought that efforts to disprove the existence of race will make moot any findings regarding "race and intelligence." This would make the rest of the article pointless. I personally find this particular argument to be weak rather weak. Why not implement your suggestions and see what people think once they're done? --Rikurzhen 20:02, Jul 9, 2004 (UTC)

I have just added the sentence in italics to the article:

 * Today virtually all scientists agree that no single characteristic, trait or even gene (i.e. haplotype) distinguishes all the members of one race from all the members of another race. (Similarly, no single characteristic, trait or gene always distinguishes all members of one species from all the members of another closely related species.)

The reason that I added this sentence was to add some very significant context. The original statement has been used by many writers, and in recent years, a growing number of scientists, to "prove" that race does not exist, and that it is merely a social construct. However, that position is false. While the facts in the sentence are correct, these facts simply do not lead to the radical conclusion that races do not exist. If one took that view, one could also deny the fact that different species exist! I thus am adding this additional information to disabuse people from using a straw-man argument. RK 16:08, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

Consider Wikipedia's (correct) description of what a species is (this is the same definition used in most college textbooks)

 * The biological species or isolation species concept identifies a species as a set of actually or potentially interbreeding organisms. This is generally the most useful formulation for scientists working with living examples of the higher taxa like mammals, fish, and birds, but meaningless for organisms that do not reproduce sexually. It distinguishes between the theoretical possibility of interbreeding and the actual likelihood of gene flow between populations. For example, it is possible to cross a horse with a donkey and produce offspring, however they remain separate species—in this case for two different reasons: first because horses and donkeys do not normally interbreed in the wild, and second because the fruit of the union is rarely fertile. The key to defining a biological species is that there is no significant cross-flow of genetic material between the two populations.

A similar definition of "species", proposed by Ernst Mayr is, "Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups."

Because of this, scientists can (and do) categorize the dwarf Cambell's Russian hamster as a separate species from the Winter White (aka Siberian) dwarf hamster. These two species obviously came from a common ancestor relatively recently in biological history, but over time they spread to different locals, and became reproductively isolated, and developed diferent colorations, food preferences, and habits. However, since this definition is accepted as valid for all other animals on Earth, why are humans now considered the only exception to this rule? Following this rule, European Caucasians, Australian Aboriginees, and African Negros all would not only have been separate races, but in fact separate species. (This obviously changed with the breakdown of reproductive isolation that we have had in the past few centuries)

Now, I understand that in the past people mis-used this idea, and (wrongly) assumed that if species different, one must be more "advanced" than another. Some people therefore decided that the Caucasians were more advanced that Negros, and used this idea to justify racism. This is wrong. But we don't need to abandon scientific definitions (which imply that races are real, and not social constructs) in order to abandon incorrect thinking which leads to racism. RK 16:19, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * RK, the problem with your addition is that it is argumentative. I mean, literally -- as your comments here make clear, you are using it to make an argument (Some people claim that race is socially constructed; race shares a feature with species; species are real; thus, race is real).  There are two problems with this.  First, arguments should be explicit, and not worked into the text in this way.  Second, this argument should be represented, but as an argument (that is, some people claim tha races are biologically real, others claim it is socially constructed; Wikipedia endorses neither view but explains both views -- NPOV policy).  In the talk above you are arguing for this position. Slrubenstein

 * I have no problem with this.

 * For the record, I think you are wrong -- you misunderstand what people mean by "socially constructed" in general, and you misunderstand the argument about races as socially constructed in particular. But RK, it doesn't matter what I think -- and it doesn't matter what you think either! Wikipedia is not the place for our arguments.  It is an encyclopedia, not a personal essay or place for primary research.  As contributors our task is to research current views and articulate them in an article.  If you or I have strong opinions on this material, we ought to find some other venue -- not here! Slrubenstein

 * I have no problem with this. However, I made the original change because the article was missing context; most people have no idea what it means for animals to be separate species, or sub-species, or breeds. Without this crucial context, the article is meaningless, and could only be polemical. RK 23:40, Jun 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Slrubenstein, your point is important. However, consider the parallel between the two sentences. Your own criticism could be leveled at the original first sentence. They are either both neutral or both POV. --Rikurzhen 17:33, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

There is no doubt that the view that race is socially constructed is a POV. But it is a POV that is widely shared by researchers. There is a minority view that races are biologically real. In this situation, NPOV is not achieved by presenting either of these views as neutral, nor by trying to synthesize some compromise view -- it is achieved by presenting both views, explaining who holds them and why. I think that the article in general does a good job of this -- but I think RKs change does not. Slrubenstein

 * I completely agree that NPOV is not achieved by presenting either of these views as neutral, nor by trying to synthesize some compromise view. BCorr | Брайен 13:42, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * SLR, we need to phrase this carefully. This point of view, in its strong form, is not widely shared by most scientists. Rather, most scientists reject the extreme distortions of what the word "race" has come to represent. However, most scienists do not reject the existence of races (or sub-species) as a meaningful biological category. It is increasingly important in medical research, as many drugs have been found to have different effects in different races (or ethnic groups, sub-species, whatever word you prefer.) RK 23:40, Jun 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * RK, I believe that the counter point you are recognizing is important to make, but I think it can be done more effecitvely if it is said directly. Also, I think that your sentence makes a claim that is too strong. I suspect that for every set of closely related species, there is at least one haplotype that can distinguish the two species.
 * I suggest that the new sentence should be replaced with a more direct one. Something like: This fact has been widely understood to limit the nature of human races. However, many researchers continue to believe that race has a real biological basis. --Rikurzhen 17:33, Jun 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * That's fine by me - but the great majority of scientists believe that races (or use whatever other word you wish) really do exist. Its not just a minority, as some people here believe. They don't believe that races are totally different species, or that one is superior to another, but they recognize the reality of these different groupings. (And they also recognize that races are not disappearing, with more travel between regions.) RK

 * RK -- I think that the arguments you've made above are confusing the difference between subspecies, breeds, and races. I also agree that it's argumentative, and rather than providing context, it blurs the real point of the sentence that precedes your addition. -- Thanks, BCorr | Брайен 18:35, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I do not think that I am confusing the issue; Rather, I am trying to address both a science issue as well as a linguistic issue. Very few people describe blacks, whites and asians as subspecies or as breeds. Insteads, they use the word race. For a variety of reasons, people refuse to use the same terminology for humans as they use for the rest of life on Earth. We certainly could refer to Blacks, Whites, Aboriginees, and Asians as breeds, or as subspecies, but instead English speakers seem to have settled on the word "races". (I have no preference.) RK

There are no precise definitions for when a group is considered a subspecies, species, or a genus. For some animals, a certain amount of variation has given different groups the status of separate species. Yet for other unrelated animals, the same amount of variation has given different groups the status of different genus, or different sub-species! There's nothing "unfair" about this; It is just that different groups of biologists are giving names to different groups of animals, and there never has been any precise definition of when to use the designation for genus, species, or sub-species. So how do we discuss groups of humans? We need to use some English word, right? People seem to use the word "race". But you can use any words you like; my point is that whatever word we use, we need to recognize that actual differences between humans exist! Thus, one must use some word to describe this difference. RK

The real problem is that most of society is incapable of discussing this issue rationally. Some deny that biological differences exist; that is insane. Others claim that differences imply that one group is intrinsically superior to all others; that conclusion does not logically follow, and I find little evidence to support this claim. (Even if such variation existed, it is so small as to to have no real meaning.) Others admit that real differences exist, but they use cognative dissonance and refuse to use words like Race, breed or sub-species. That's no good; that is just refusing to discuss the issue honestly. (How would they describe our differences? By flavor?) I think that in an article on science, we should not be afraid to use scientific terminology. RK 23:35, Jun 20, 2004 (UTC)

Intelligence and culture is real
The article currently states:
 * Anthropologists have argued that intelligence is a cultural category; some cultures emphasize speed and competition more than others, for example. Tests based on word skills cannot accurately measure learning ability. And most IQ tests ask people to solve problems most often encountered in middle class settings.

 * Yes, but there is no contradiction! People with middle-class educations usually have a much more rigorous education from kindergarten on up through college, as well as much richer lingustic development in the home, especially during the critical years from one to five, when most neural development in thinking and word-procesing occurs. In other words, of course the culture affects the education and the resulting intelliegence. However, the conclusion is preciselt the opposite of what the article says. The real conclusion is that some cultures lead to children (and then adults) with a higher IQ, i.e. a higher ability to perform problem-solving and a higher ability to engage in abstract thinking. It is not a question of nurture versus nature; the nurturing leads to physiological changes within the brain. RK 23:49, Jun 20, 2004 (UTC)

The article also says:
 * Low IQ scores are often the result of the subject speaking a different language or dialect than the test questions, or being given the test by someone from another ethnic group, or simply being tired, malnourished, or ill. IQ tests do not measure mental ability, they do measure enculturation. During WWI African-Americans from the north tested higher than those from the south. This is simply because African-Americans in the north had received more formal education (see Race: Science and Politics, written by Ruth Benedict in 1940).

 * This is all true, but again, the conclusion is precisely the opposite of what the full paragraph implies. The only conclusion available from the data in this paragraph is that this formal education led to higher IQ! The same is true for an article about height and nutrition. Would anyone deny that in many Asian countries, Asians were shorter on average than European and American whites? No, that was a measurable fact. But after Asian countries modernized food production and distribution, malnutrition ended in many places, and well...we now have tall Asians kicking ass in American basketball. Would anyone argue that Asians are not any taller than 100 years ago? That would be crazy. Of course many Asians are taller, and they are taller due to changes in their upbringinf and environment, specifically nutrition. The fact that we can explain this change does not mean that the chang does not exist! The same is true for culture, education and intelligence (however you define the word). Changing one's culture and education will change a child's ability to understand abstract thinking, problem-solving and the ability to master new techniques (which is what IQ often refers to in practice.) RK 23:54, Jun 20, 2004 (UTC)

Culture of poverty leads to real neural damage
To back up what I am saying above, please read the following paper: It does not say that Blacks and Hispancis are genetically inferior to Whites and Asians. However, in the USA many blacks and hispanics have a culture which prevents their children from fully developing their brains, and this can be accurately measured. The differences in mental ability between many inner-city kids and middle-class white families is staggering large, and obvious as early as five years old, and gets worse as time passes. This is probably the real reason for the observed IQ gap. The good news is that there is nothing genetic or racial about this, and that the article shows that an educationally rich upbringing is the key to the issue.

 * Researchers have gathered new evidence on the importance of the first years of life for children's emotional and intellectual development. Unfortunately, millions of American children are poor during these crucial years. Almost one in four (24 percent) of America's children under age three lived in poverty in 1995. These 2.8 million poor children face a greater risk of impaired brain development due to their exposure to a number of risk factors associated with poverty.
 * Many poor young children are resilient and able to overcome tremendous obstacles but poverty poses serious threats to children's brain development. Recent advances in the study of brain development show a sensitive period when the brain is most able to respond to and grow from exposure to environmental stimulation. This window of optimal brain development is from the prenatal period to the first years of a child's life. While all children are potentially vulnerable to a number of risk factors which can impede brain development during this sensitive period, a disproportionate number of children in poverty are actually exposed to such risk factors.

The article discusses the neural damage to many black and hispanic children due to inadequate nutrition, substance abuse of the children's parents, the high incidence of maternal depression, the exposure to environmental toxins, psychological trauma, and the neural effects of physical abuse. It is little wonder that the IQ gap exists. The problem is that too many people deny that it exists, thus allowing the problem to continue. My POV is that this view is effectively racist. A better attitude would be to admit that problems exist, and work on correcting them, as a healthy upbrining and good education should be the right of all children, and not just just for middle-class white and asian children.

Sources "Poverty and Brain Development in Early Childhood" http://www.nccp.org/pub_pbd99.html

Historical Perspective
When looking diffrences in intelligence betwenn races one could look at history. The histories of civilazation have been fairly well documented. Many races have demonstrated the ability to create and maintain civilization time and time agian others have not. Some races have never developed civilazation on there own. If you look at the races that have never created a civilaztion and compare that to existing civilaztions that consist of races who were given civilaztion by outside sources you will see that these very same groups seem to have trouble maintaining them on there own. Looking at the cultural and technological history of humans you can see that there seems to be a direct correlation between their relitive cultural and technological achievement and their iq scores ie Asians were for long period of time the most culturally and technologiclly advanced race for a couple thousand years(caucasians moved ahead in the last 4oo years or so) the have the highest mean iq scores, Europeans were the second they fall in second place in iq as well with Africans at the bottom of technological achievement and iq scores. This seems to be significant.

Note: I made this brief and did include all possible race classifications and civilaztions for the sake of simplicity but you get the idea. Freespeak 06:53, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

You should look up the Mali Empire. They had 400 years of dominance in their region as well. -- Toby Bartels 06:47, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)

The 30 million word gap by age 3
There is an IQ difference between middle- and upper-class white children, and lower-class and welfare blacks and Hispanic children; the only questions are (a) Why does this gap exist, and (b) How can we close the gap? The above article sumamrize many reasons for the difference (i.e. the large amount of neurological damage, i.e. brain damage) But there is another terrifying difference: Many blacks and hispanics never are given the opportunity to fully develop their brains - they literally never hear millions of words during the time when their brains are developing lingustic skills! Without this linguistic input during their developing years, many are observed to quickly fall behind, and they can never catch up.

 * A linear extrapolation from the averages in the observational data to a 100-hour week (given a 14-hour waking day) shows the average child in the professional families with 215,000 words of language experience, the average child in a working-class family provided with 125,000 words, and the average child in a welfare family with 62,000 words of language experience. In a 5,200-hour year, the amount would be 11.2 million words for a child in a professional family, 6.5 million words for a child in a working-class family, and 3.2 million words for a child in a welfare family. In four years of such experience, an average child in a professional family would have accumulated experience with almost 45 million words, an average child in a working-class family would have accumulated experience with 26 million words, and an average child in a welfare family would have accumulated experience with 13 million words. By age 4, the average child in a welfare family might have 13 million fewer words of cumulative experience than the average child in a working-class family. This linear extrapolation is shown in the graph below.

Please, please read the above study before contributing to this Wikipedia article. It is time to stop denying that such difference exist; that effectively stops a search for the problem, and prevents us from finding solutions. That effectively is racist, damning many minority children to a very poor future. Instead of denying the problem, how about studying it scientifically, and look for real-world solutions? RK 00:22, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Source: The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3 Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley, American Educaton, Spring 2003
 * http://www.aft.org/american_educator/spring2003/catastrophe.html

Point of order
There is a separate article devoted to race. It seems unnecessary to re-hash that entire debate in this article. Right?--Rikurzhen 04:37, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I also removed one paragraph from this article because it rehashes the race article. RK

 * Removed material: Because of a population bottleneck, humans are relatively very similar at the level of genotype. Some would argue that this genetic similarity disproves the existence of races. Consistent with that hypothesis, most of the total genetic variation can be found within, not between races. Nevertheless, population geneticists have studied patterns in the distribution of various genes and the functional importance of human genetic variation. Most scientists agree that genetically distinguishable populations have developed during the last 50,000 years, with episodes of genetic mixture between groups throughout. At least some of the phenotypic differences between populations (such as skin color) seem to have functional importance (such as adaptation to climate).  Moreover, the distribution of many such differences follows a geographic continuum.

Heavy reading
Here are two articles in press that are worth considering. They both directly relate to the question of race and intelligence. --Rikurzhen 04:38, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * http://www.udel.edu/educ/gottfredson/reprints/2003suppressingintelligence.pdf
 * http://www.udel.edu/educ/gottfredson/reprints/2003rushtonjensencommentary.pdf

 * Apparently, very few Wikipedians have this page bookmarked. If more had been watching (and most view themselves as liberal), I'd be hissed and booed at, and you'd be tarred and feathered. You are openly discussing scientific subjects that many people think should not be discussed. (Glazer, anyone?) The first article sounds right on, and contains important points; it also matches my own experiences and observations. I don't have enough knowledge about the second article to know whether it is correct or not; my current view is that IQ differences are very real, very large, and have a high cost on society, but most of the IQ gap is probably caused by poor neural development (see the above papers). But one would have to be blindly ideological to assume that all human populations have precisely the same genetic ability for IQ; since that isn't true for any other ability humans have, why should it be true here? I wouldn't be surprised if genes accounted for 10% to 50% of a person's eventual intelligence (the rest being environmental.) So genes could be a significant factor in the IQ gap. If so, this IQ gap could still be greatly reduced with better education. RK 01:59, Jun 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * This doesn't have to do with just race and intelligence, per se, but the overwhelming majority of psychologists who study IQ and "general intelligence" ("G") believe that intelligence, as defined by IQ, has a heritability between .6 at the low end and .8 at the high end, where heritability is very closely related to the correllation between the parents' IQ. This includes studies of separated identical twins in very different environments, removing "identical nurture" from equation.  So, far from being 10% to 50% of general intelligence, most psychologists believe it to be from 60% to 80% hereditary.

Loweeel 09:09, Jun 22, 2004 (EDT)

title: Talk:Race and intelligence/Archive 3


text:
Geoffrey Rippon

Aubrey Geoffrey Frederick Rippon, Baron Rippon of Hexham, PC, QC (28 May 1924 – 28 January 1997) was a British Conservative Party politician. He is most known for drafting the European Communities Act 1972 which took the United Kingdom into the European Communities on 1 January 1973. He was Chairman of the European-Atlantic Group.

Early life
Born in Penn, Buckinghamshire, the son of the Somerset cricketer Sydney Rippon, Geoffrey Rippon was educated at King's College, Taunton, and Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was president of the University Conservative Association. He was called to the Bar in 1948 and was Mayor of Surbiton 1951–52 and a member of the London County Council from 1952, representing Chelsea. From 1958, he was the leader of the Conservative Party group on the council.

Parliamentary career
After unsuccessfully contesting the seat of Shoreditch and Finsbury in both 1950 and 1951, he became MP for Norwich South in 1955.

As Minister for Public Building and Works in 1962, Rippon controversially sought to demolish and redevelop the Italianate Foreign and Commonwealth Office main building designed in the 1860s by Sir George Gilbert Scott. After a campaign led by The Victorian Society and a public outcry the decision was overturned and the building was subsequently granted Grade I listed building status.

In 1964 Rippon was defeated, but moved to the constituency of Hexham in Northumberland at the 1966 general election and remained MP there until retiring in 1987. Among his posts in the Shadow Cabinet was that of Shadow Defence Secretary from 1969 to 1970.

In 1970 he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster under Edward Heath, and being in favour of the Common Market was given the responsibility of negotiating Britain's entry into it. In 1972 he moved to become Secretary of State for the Environment. During his tenure the Department of the Environment was housed on Marsham Street in unattractive tower blocks nicknamed 'the three ugly sisters'. Rippon is supposed to have commented to his civil servants that the view from the top floor was the best in London, as one could not see the towers themselves.

While Secretary of State for the Environment he introduced the Water Act 1973, which amalgamated over 1500 separate private, and local authority water provision, sewage, water treatment, and regulatory entities into 10 Regional Water Authorities, organised on a natural Hydrological basis.

He was at one time a prominent member of the Conservative Monday Club, for whom he authored a booklet entitled Right Angle, and was guest-of-honour at their Annual Dinner in 1970. The Club was, however, divided on the EEC (European Community) issue, and at their conference in October 1971 members moved and carried a resolution opposing Britain's entry.

From 1979 to 1982, Rippon was President of the European Documentation and Information Centre (CEDI).

He was created a life peer on 5 October 1987 taking the title Baron Rippon of Hexham, of Hesleyside in the County of Northumberland.

title: Geoffrey Rippon


text:
User talk:Johnny longtorso

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- Graham ☺ | Talk 15:36, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Van Hollen
Any particular reason why you removed the mention of Chris Van Hollen from the U.S. Senate election, 2006 article? I'm looking for something other than the demonstrably fase assertion that Van Hollen is not a resident of MD. Khanartist  00:56, 2005 July 12 (UTC)

 * Actually, I meant to put "Van Hollen not running in MD". Typo. Anyway, here's my source. Johnny longtorso 00:51, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Good enough for me. Khanartist  00:56, 2005 July 12 (UTC)

Chris Cox
Thanks for adding Chris Cox to the list of changes in the 109th United States Congress article. Good work! - Hoshie | 03:46, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Maryland U.S. Senate election, 2006
I merged the information in that article with Maryland Congressional election, 2006 so it would all be at one place for readers. Oh and go Maryland! ;)

Harford County
Regarding United States House of Representatives, Maryland District 1:

You are right. I was wrong — my bad.

In my (lame) defense, you'd only edited the piped link, not the visible name, so your code was: and Howard Counties. Nevertheless, I should have noticed the correction, and not pounced so wrongly as I did. Keep up the great work!!

-- 18:13, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

 * No problem. It was my mistake not correcting the visible name, anyway. Johnny longtorso 22:27, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

2006 New Hampshire Governor Election
Hi, who is David Carleton Boyle? I'm fairly in the know on New Hampshire politics, but i've never heard of him and the Secretary of State's results have nothing about him. I'll google around, but if there's nothing there, i'll have to remove him under WP:V. I'll also put that he's a write in candidate rather than an Independent -- there are candidates running as Independents who recieved enough petition signatures to be on the ballot.  P eople Powered 09:54, 4 October 2006 (UTC)
 * My mistake, they updated it apparently. Thanks for pointing this out! P eople Powered 09:57, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

thanks
I really appreciate your quick and thorough work on the United States House of Representatives elections, 2008 - complete list page. It's going to be a great place for people to go and find all of the results in one place for this part of this historic election. In 2004 and 2006, it took people several days to get this amount of work done on the results. Keep up the great work. Academic Challenger (talk) 21:58, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

Independent Greens of Virginia
Thank you, for your work on the article I toyed with it for awhile removing the most outlandish claims but it seemed there was so much to do (In order to clean it up) and I never had the time to do it. I added some new referenced information about the parties 'Independent Green Ballot Access Committee' receiving $25,000 On January 28th 2009 from, the Constitution Party but wasn't sure how best to work it into the article. Maybe you might have better luck. If you have a few minutes I would appreciate it if you could take a look. Highground79 (talk) 06:23, 1 October 2009 (UTC)

2010 Vermont gubernatorial election
Hi, I returned to the final number sourced by the Vermont Sec of State. Did you use the politico numbers? Regards Hekerui (talk) 15:25, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

West Virginia vote
As a frequent editor of United States Senate special election in West Virginia, 2010 please go on the talk page and vote.--Jerzeykydd (talk) 22:35, 29 August 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Wor–Wic Community College

A tag has been placed on Wor–Wic Community College, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Business for more information.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. PanydThe muffin is not subtle 13:30, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:52, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Johnny longtorso


text:
User talk:Darkguy

Orphaned non-free image File:Pjb-display.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Pjb-display.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 04:16, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Darkguy