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Harry Murray

Henry William Murray, (1 December 1880 – 7 January 1966) was an Australian grazier, soldier, and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces. Decorated several times throughout his service in the First World War, Murray rose from the rank of private to lieutenant colonel in three and a half years. He is often described as the most highly decorated infantry soldier of the British Empire during the First World War.

Born in Tasmania, Murray worked as a farmer, courier and timber cutter before enlisting in September 1914. Assigned to a machine gun crew, he served during the Gallipoli Campaign, where he was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal before the withdrawal from the peninsula. He was later transferred along with the rest of his battalion to France for service on the Western Front, where he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order during the Battle of the Somme. In February 1917, Murray commanded a company during the battalion's attack on the German position of Stormy Trench. During the engagement, the company was able to capture the position and repulse three fierce counter-attacks, with Murray often leading bayonet and bombing charges himself. For his actions during the battle, Murray was awarded the Victoria Cross. Soon after his Victoria Cross action, he was promoted to major and earned a Bar to his Distinguished Service Order during an attack on the Hindenburg Line near Bullecourt. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in early 1918, he assumed command of the 4th Machine Gun Battalion, where he would remain until the end of the war.

Returning to Australia in 1920, Murray eventually settled in Queensland, where he purchased the grazing farm that would be his home for the remainder of his life. Re-enlisting for service in the Second World War, he was appointed as commanding officer of the 26th (Militia) Battalion. Taking his discharge in 1944, Murray returned to his farm and died in 1966 at the age of 85.

Early life
Murray was born at Clairville, near Evandale, Tasmania, on 1 December 1880, the eighth of nine children of Edward Kennedy Murray, a farmer, and his wife Clarissa, née Littler. Descended from convicts on his father's side, Murray was baptised on 23 November 1885, and attended Evandale State School. When he was fourteen years of age, his parents withdrew him from school to work on the family farm. However, his mother continued his education, placing emphasis on English. The family later moved to Northcote, near St Leonards, where Edward Murray died in 1904. Harry Murray joined the Launceston Volunteer Artillery Corps in 1902, serving until 1908, when he migrated to Western Australia where his two older brothers had previously settled.

Murray initially worked on his brother's wheat farm, before becoming a courier for a mining company at Kookynie, transporting gold and mail by bicycle or on horseback. He travelled the same track on a fortnightly basis, gaining a reputation for being a crack shot with a .32 carbine that he carried. At the time of his enlistment in 1914, Murray was working near Manjimup, in the south west of Western Australia, employing timber cutters for the railways.

Enlistment and training
Murray enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in Perth on 30 September 1914. He declined the offer of a commission, and was posted as a private to A Company of the newly formed 16th Battalion, 4th Brigade. Appointed to one of the unit's two machine gun crews, he was sent to Blackboy Hill Camp for training, where he became the gun No. 2, whose job it was to feed ammunition belts through the gun; Percy Black was No. 1 and the pair soon became firm friends.

On 21 November, the battalion entrained for Fremantle, boarding troopships headed for Melbourne; it was there that the four battalions combined to form the 4th Brigade under the command of Colonel John Monash. After completing their basic training in Victoria, the brigade left Port Melbourne aboard Troopship A40, Ceramic on 26 December. After a brief stop at Albany, Western Australia, they arrived in Egypt in early February 1915. The brigade marched from Alexandria to Heliopolis as part of the New Zealand and Australian Division of Major General Alexander Godley.

Gallipoli
The Allied commanders planned to defeat Turkey and force a supply route through to Russia via the Bosporus and the Black Sea. As such they planned a land invasion on the Gallipoli Peninsula. On the afternoon of 25 April 1915, Murray's 16th Battalion landed at Ari Burnu, Gallipoli. Setting their machine gun on Pope's Hill, Black and Murray fired their gun throughout the afternoon and into the night. The following day, the battalion's two machine gun crews sniped at the Turkish soldiers on Russell's Top, and Murray and his gunner continued fighting during the counterattack on 26–27 April, despite being wounded.

Promoted to lance corporal on 12 May, Murray was evacuated to Egypt eighteen days later, due to a gunshot wound to his right knee. His knee soon stiffened and he was posted to a hospital ship set to return to Australia. Murray, however, had other ideas and made his way to the wharf at Alexandria where he boarded a transport bound for Gallipoli. Arriving at the peninsula on 3 July, both Murray and Black received the Distinguished Conduct Medal for their actions between 9–31 May, during which time they tirelessly manned their machine gun, "inflict[ing] serious losses upon the enemy". Murray was again wounded on 8 August when the machine gun section of the 4th Brigade covered the withdrawal after the attack on Hill 971. On 13 August, he was promoted to sergeant, commissioned as a second lieutenant and transferred to the 13th Battalion.

Murray was again evacuated to Egypt on 26 September due to dysentery. After nearly six weeks in the 2nd Australian General Hospital at Ghezireh, he rejoined the 13th Battalion at Gallipoli on 7 December, before leaving for the last time in the Allied evacuation later that month.

Returning to Egypt, the AIF expanded and was reorganised; the 13th Battalion was split and provided experienced soldiers for the 45th Battalion, while the 4th Brigade was combined with the 12th and 13th Brigades to form the 4th Australian Division. Murray was promoted to lieutenant on 20 January 1916, and then to captain on 1 March.

Western Front: June 1916 to April 1917
On 1 June 1916, the 13th Battalion embarked at Alexandria for Marseilles, France, before being deployed to the Western Front. In mid-June, the battalion moved into trenches at Bois Grenier near Armentières, and on 13 July they relocated to Bailleul, in time for the Battle of the Somme.

On 29 August, Murray commanded A Company—which consisted of fewer than one hundred men—in a successful attack that captured Mouquet Farm under heavy fire. His men repelled four German counterattacks before he ordered them to withdraw. He remained in command until the next morning, when he fainted from loss of blood from two wounds he had sustained during the action. Murray was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his service during the action, an event that was published in a supplement of the London Gazette dated 14 November 1916. He was later evacuated to England aboard the hospital ship Asturias, and admitted to the 4th General Hospital, London, where he was to share a ward with Albert Jacka and Percy Black, who were recovering from wounds received at Poziéres and Mouquet Farm respectively. After nearly six weeks of recuperation, he returned to the 13th Battalion in France on 19 October.

Following a period of patrols and trench raids, the 13th was relieved by the 5th Battalion on 6 December, and marched back to Ribemont, where Murray was granted leave to England. On 4 January 1917, he was Mentioned in Despatches. The battalion returned to the front in February, relieving the 15th Battalion at Gueudecourt. On 4 February, the battalion's commanding officer received the order to attack Stormy Trench; it was during this action that Murray would earn his Victoria Cross.

On the night of 4–5 February 1917, the 13th Battalion—with Murray commanding A Company—attacked the German position at Stormy Trench. Preceded by a heavy artillery barrage, A Company seized the right of the position after overcoming stiff resistance, consolidating their gains by setting up a makeshift barricade. The Germans counterattacked, prompting Murray to send an SOS signal to the artillery officer, calling for more support. Although repulsed, the Germans counterattacked twice more. On the third attack, Murray organised a twenty-man grenade bombing party and led them in a charge against their attackers, pushing them back to their original start line. On another occasion when the company lost some ground, Murray rallied his men and retook it. Between midnight and 03:00, the company maintained spasmodic bombing, repelling further assaults with the aid of artillery support. By 20:00 on 5 February, the 16th Battalion relieved Murray's company, which had only 48 survivors from the 140 who had begun the attack.

The full citation for Murray's Victoria Cross appeared in a supplement to the London Gazette on 10 March 1917, reading:

"War Office, 10th March, 1917

His Majesty the KING has been graciously pleased to approve of the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officer and Non-Commissioned Officer: –

Capt. Henry William Murray, D.S.O., Aus. infy.

For most conspicuous bravery when in command of the right flank company in attack. He led his company to the assault with great skill and courage, and the position was quickly captured. Fighting of a very severe nature followed, and three heavy counter-attacks were beaten back, these successes being due to Captain Murray's wonderful work.

Throughout the night his company suffered heavy casualties through concentrated enemy shell fire, and on one occasion gave ground for a short way. This gallant officer rallied his command and saved the situation by sheer valour.

He made his presence felt throughout the line, encouraging his men, heading bombing parties, leading bayonet charges, and carrying wounded to places of safety.

His magnificent example inspired his men throughout."

In April 1917, the battalion relocated to Bullecourt in preparation for an attack on the Hindenburg Line. On the night of 11 April, seven battalions of the 4th Australian Division assembled for the advance, which was launched at 04:30. Murray's company seized a section of German trench, but were quickly isolated. By 07:00, ammunition was running low and casualties were high. Murray sent for artillery support, but conflicting messages meant that it was not provided, so the Australians were forced to withdraw. During the action, the 4th Division lost 2,339 of the 3,000 men that it had committed, with 1170 captured as prisoners of war. Among the dead was Percy Black, who had been killed while trying to find a gap in the barbwire surrounding the German trenches. Murray was awarded a Bar to his Distinguished Service Order for his efforts during the battle, and was promoted to temporary major. He was later informed by General Birdwood that had the attack at Bullecourt been successful, he would have instead been awarded a Bar to his Victoria Cross.

Western Front: April 1917 to repatriation, March 1920
After Bullecourt, the 4th Brigade withdrew to Ribemont, where reinforcements brought it up to strength. During this period, Murray oversaw musketry training before being granted convalescent leave to London in May. While in the capital, he was decorated with his Victoria Cross and Distinguished Service Order by King George V in Hyde Park on 2 June 1917. Promoted major on 12 July, he rejoined his battalion later in the month, and during the 4th Brigade's advance to the Hindenburg Line over subsequent months, was involved in actions at Messines, Ploegstreert Wood, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle and Passchendaele. For his actions at Passchendaele, Murray garnered a mention in Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig's dispatch of 7 November 1917.

Following Passchendaele, the 4th Brigade spent three months in reserve. Murray became second in command of the 13th Battalion, frequently assuming temporary command of the unit while the commanding officer was absent. Granted leave to Paris from 12 January to 2 February 1918, he was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel on 15 March and assumed command of the 4th Machine Gun Battalion. Commanding the unit during the German spring offensive, Murray's rank was confirmed on 24 May.

On 25 June, Murray attended a conference at 4th Divisional Headquarters to discuss a proposed attack on Hamel. Having submitted a plan for the use of machine guns in the battle, five extra sections were attached to Murray's battalion. The battle commenced on 4 July, and over the period of two days, the 4th Machine Gun Battalion fired 373,000 rounds of small arms ammunition, suffering 33 casualties. On 3 August, he attended another divisional conference regarding the planned attack near Amiens scheduled for 8 August. Lieutenant General John Monash's instructions called for several of the 4th Machine Gun Battalion's companies to be moved forward by Mark V tanks, accompanying different units during the battle. At the end of the three-day action, German General Erich Ludendorff described the Allied success as "the black day of the German Army in this war".

From 23 September to 3 October 1918, Murray was seconded to the Headquarters of the United States II Corps as a liaison officer with the 27th Division. The 27th Division, along with the 30th Division, had been attached to Lieutenant General Monash's Corps for the assault on the Bellicourt Tunnel of the Hindenburg Line. During his service with the Americans, Murray was recommended for the United States' Distinguished Service Medal by the commander of the 27th, Major General John F. O'Ryan. The Distinguished Service Medal is the highest non-valorous military and civilian decoration of the United States military, and in General O'Ryan's recommendation he stated that Murray's "... knowledge, activity and fearlessness ... assisted materially in the control of the attacking forces".

The battle alongside the Americans was Murray's last of the war, as the Australians were placed in reserve in early October before the signing of the Armistice on 11 November 1918. On 3 January 1919, Murray was awarded the French Croix de guerre for his service as commander of the 4th Machine Gun Battalion from 23 March to 24 April and 2–7 August 1918. On 30 May 1919, he was awarded a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George for his command of the 4th Machine Gun Battalion, the recommendation of which particularly citing his success during attacks on the Hindenburg Line. Murray's final honour came on 11 July 1919, when he was Mentioned in Despatches for the fourth time, having received his third mention on 31 December 1918.

From June to September 1919, Murray—along with fellow Australian Victoria Cross recipient William Donovan Joynt—led parties of AIF members on a tour of the farming districts of Britain and Denmark to study agricultural methods under the education schemes. After touring through France and Belgium, he left England on 19 November 1919 aboard the Orient Line transport, Ormonde, along with Generals Birdwood and Monash. A month later, a large crowd celebrated the arrival of the two generals and Murray at Victoria Quay in Fremantle. Attempting to evade further fanfare, Murray quietly travelled to northern Tasmania and then to his sister's house in Launceston. He was discharged from the AIF on 9 March 1920.

Between the wars
After his discharge, Murray moved north, buying a grazing property in south-eastern Queensland. On 13 October 1921, he married estate agent Constance Sophia Cameron at Bollon. The marriage was an unhappy one, and the pair separated in 1925 when Murray went to New Zealand. On 11 November 1927, with Constance Murray as petitioner, a decree nisi with costs against Henry Murray was granted on the grounds of desertion. Nine days later, at the Auckland Registrar's Office, Murray married Ellen Perdon "Nell" Cameron; Constance's niece. The couple returned to Queensland, and in April 1928 Murray bought Glenlyon station, Richmond, a 74,000 acre (29,947 ha) grazing property, where he lived for the rest of his life.

The Murrays had two children. Their son Douglas, born in 1930, was named after Lieutenant Colonel Douglas Grey Marks, the commanding officer of the 13th Battalion from 1917 to 1918. In 1934, Nell gave birth to their second child, a girl named Clementine. Between 1929 and 1939, Murray wrote fifteen articles for Reveille, the magazine of the New South Wales branch of the Returned Sailors and Soldiers Imperial League of Australia (RSL), detailing several of his experiences during the First World War, and praising several of his comrades.

Second World War and later life
On 21 July 1939, with the Second World War looming, Murray volunteered for military service and was appointed as commanding officer of the 26th (Militia) Battalion, 11th Brigade, based in Townsville; he was mobilised for full-time service on 21 October 1941. Murray's second-in-command of the unit during this time was Major Edgar Towner, who had additionally been decorated with the Victoria Cross in 1918. The 26th became a unit of the Second Australian Imperial Force in 1942, and in August Murray was removed from his post by General Sir Thomas Blamey, Commander in Chief Australian Military Forces, on the grounds of his advancing age. He was instead appointed to command the 23rd Queensland Regiment, Volunteer Defence Corps, which he led until his retirement from active duty on 8 February 1944.

With the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, wool prices soared and Murray earned a large income from wool sales, allowing him to regularly travel across Australia. Taking a trip to Brisbane in 1954, he met Queen Elizabeth II during her Royal Tour of Australia. Despite rarely attending Anzac Day services or functions for Victoria Cross recipients, Murray and his wife travelled to London in 1956 to commemorate the centenary of the Victoria Cross. Following the ceremonies, the Murrays spent five weeks on a motor tour of England and Scotland, before visiting Switzerland and France. However, Murray refused to revisit the battlefields.

On 6 January 1966, Nell was driving the family car with Harry as a passenger; they were going to the south coast of Queensland for a holiday. A tyre blew out and the car rolled on the Leichhardt Highway near Condamine. Murray was taken to Miles District Hospital with broken ribs. He had had heart trouble for some time, and the shock of the accident is believed to have caused his death the following day. Murray was interred at Mount Thompson Crematorium with full military honours after a funeral service at St Andrew's Presbyterian Church, Brisbane.

In February 2006, Governor-General Michael Jeffery unveiled a statue of Murray by sculptor Peter Corlett in Evandale, Tasmania. This tribute was facilitated by a small group of volunteers who raised A$85,000 in two years. The Henry Murray ward at Hollywood Private Hospital has been named in his honour.

title: Harry Murray


text:
Talk:History of Madagascar

NoYear
On 16 March, the army seized the presidential palace in the centre of Antananarivo. Ravalomanana was not in the palace at the time.[90] He finally handed his resignation to the army, which then decided to hand over power to his fierce political rival, Andry Rajoelina. This stand along line does not specify a year Scottprovost (talk) 03:31, 15 May 2019 (UTC)

Untitled
Over 165 million years ago, a terrible earthquake hit Africa, causing Madagascar to become an island.

In section "Independence" there is stated:

''A period of provisional government ended with the adoption of a constitution in 1959 and full independence on June 26, 1960. During 1992-1993, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule.''

Just asking: is there something missing? What about the 17 years of single-party rule? What was the name of the party? Who was the leader? How they became to power? Was this period influented by communism or Soviet regime? ---lulu- 10:17, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

the original Malagasy
If, as the article states, the first people who came to Madagascar where from South East Asia, why does it then say that Malagasy features are a mixture of Austronesian and African? does this not imply an African substrate that inhabited the island before the coming of Austronesian? Who exactly was there first?

 * There's debate, but it was widely theorized Africans came afterward and intermixed. East Africa was full of trading Swahili states so some of them may have came. Also some Malagasy natives engaged in slave trading. As is though this article on history is meager at best. There's nothing on the paralyzed king who was carried by his bodyguards or the great, and sometimes terrible, Queens of Madagascar. I made a reference to one on starting a droughts category and was going to look them up to refresh my memory, only to find they aren't here. The coverage of Africa at Wiki could really stand to be better. Although in fairness Marina royalty have impossibly long names. One significant one was named Andrianampoinimerina and he was by no means the longest name among them.

 * Alas though it's been years since I wrote that book review on Madagascar's history and I no longer have it on file. Maybe they already have stuff on Ranavalona I and I just missed it.--T. Anthony 11:39, 24 September 2005 (UTC) Yup they do.--T. Anthony 11:54, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Well come on, what is the quote telling us ? that Diamond doesnt believe the facts ?

Diamond does believe the facts, so this quote is accidentally misleading. Its like an optical illusion, if you read it knowing that Diamond accepts the facts, they are the questions that you were thinking before you accepted the facts are consistent with known ability of Austronesian seafarers.

But consider someone who does not have the greater knowledge - they are then thinking that Jared Diamond is saying that its a hoax, or  a European conspiracy - eg  Marco Polo drag theses Asians back to Europe, or they migrated on the silk route,  and then they got expelled and dumped at Madagascar. The Persians could have grabbed some mongols and expelled them into the Sudan.. something like that.

So I don't get what the quote adds. The events do no rest on what Diamond thinks.. as Diamond types this quote this long after the fact.Its not a famous speech, it does not describe   a particularly insightful fact. It just says that diamond has 'thoughts' as to the concept. The rhetoric question at the end is particularly unusual, as it invites the reader to judge for themselves, as if Diamond had not made up his mind.

The facts are that the same people went to New Zealand, Hawaii and Easter Island, and the genetic links back to Taiwan are beyond contradiction.

Democratic Republic
On Madagascar's coins, the name "Repoblika Demokratika Malagasy" appears between 1978 and 1992 but this name isn't mentioned in the article. When was it officially used? Dove1950 (talk) 21:14, 20 February 2008 (UTC)

"Repoblika Demokratika Malagasy" was the official name of the country during the second republic, roughly 1975 to 1991 in the first republic it was "Repoblika Malagasy" (Malagasy Republic) in the third republic it is "Repoblikan'i Madagasikara" (Republic of Madagascar) Fanoman (talk) 01:41, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Temple of Doom
In Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, set in 1935, there is a reference to the "Sultan of Madagascar". Was there any such figure in Madagascar in the 1920s or 30s? -OberRanks (talk) 23:03, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I think it is safe to assume that there was never anyone who held that title. In the 20s Madagascar was a French colony under a governor general. The title King of Madagascar was held by Radama I and his successors until the French took over in 1896. The title "Mpanjaka" in Malagasy which is used as the translation of King is often translated into Chief or Lord though and can be translated into Sultan if you want! Fanoman (talk) 21:47, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Between The Austronesian immigration and the Merina expantion
I like how this History of Madagascar is looking now but I feel there is a lot of Malagasy history lacking for the period between the middle ages and the 19th century. It was more than just pirate stories it was the history of the peoples of western Madagascar (and it is well documented by the way) and their rise to power fueled by trade with eastern Africa and the middle east. Either we also detail the Sakalava era from the 1600 to the 1800 (only given one sentence at the moment) or we move the detailed Merina monarchy section to the Merina article. Fanoman (talk) 17:11, February 1, 2009 (UTC)

No Mention of South Africa
Should there be made mention under the 'French Control' section that the South Africans help equip the British troops and that some South Africans went with them when they secured Madagascar so that the Japanese wouldn't take hold of it? Invmog (talk) 20:17, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

The name of the rose
What was (is) the native name of the island? TREKphiler  any time you're ready, Uhura  06:36, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

Removing bias from section on Ranavalona I
This queen was viewed in a harsh light by historic sources until the 1970s, but a push for greater objectivity and distancing away from some of the (obviously biased) contemporary accounts by missionaries, Malagasy Christians and some Europeans has helped recast her actions in a different light. I edited the main Ravanalona I article to this end and now have modified this one to match, which means excision of much of the original content. Much of it was unsourced. If previous editors have valid (reasonably objective) sources for any of the material that was removed, let's reincorporate it with citations. But missionary accounts and the Laidler book were intended to be sensationalistic and are of limited value as objective, factual accounts of anything.

Early map
is a 1638 map drawing of Madagascar from Some yeares travels into divers parts of Afrique and Asia by Thomas Herbert. Could possibly be included somewhere in the article. Jakeybean (talk) 19:24, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

Maurice Benyovszky
Maurice Benyovszky seems to be crucial in uniting Malagasy tribes, yet there seems no mention on him in this article. 217.144.30.156 (talk) 19:40, 2 April 2011 (UTC)

Actually he was not at all an important figure in the history of Madagascar, but he claimed he was. -- Lemurbaby (talk) 20:44, 2 April 2011 (UTC)

Arabs and Persians from the 7th century?
The article's assertion that Arabs and Persians arrived on Madagascar in the 7th century doesn't seem to be backed up. The citation given actually states that Arab settlements on the island date from the 9th century (under Historical Setting > Precolonial Era), and I haven't seen any reliable source that gives an earlier date. If the claim about Arabs arriving in the 7th century is true, it should be properly cited. Ithuvanian (talk) 07:53, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

Andriana in post-republic Madagascar
This section sticks out like a sore thumb. The grammar is very poor and it does not flow with the rest of the article. It needs to be revised. I would revise it but I don't want to offend certain sensibilities. Fanoman (talk) 23:55, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

It was removed thanks Lemurbaby! — Preceding unsigned comment added by Fanoman (talk • contribs) 01:55, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

Bantu Arrival on their own merit
Bantu-speaking East African migrants, it seems to link the arrival of the Bantu people with the Arab slave trade. However, the DNA points to an older relationship which could not have come about by the later Arab slave trade. How did the Bantu people get to the island seems to be missing. --Inayity (talk) 17:42, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

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Misspelling?
Is "Vand ezo" correct? It looks like a typo or misspelling. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 03:37, 15 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I just realised that "and Vezo" makes sense, so I was bold, went ahead and changed it. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 03:44, 15 February 2015 (UTC)

Flores connection
It's not clear where this speculation comes from. It appears to be original research. Kortoso (talk) 16:44, 3 June 2015 (UTC)

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Recommendation: condense introduction and add timeline
The intro is very long, which may fit the nature of this topic. However I found myself getting lost halfway through. I would advise that a Timeline section (a table as opposed to the one on the sidebar) be added and that the intro be condensed into only the bare essentials (just 1-3 paragraphs): e.g. Malay colonization, Middle Ages, French colonization, modern day, etc. And then a lot of details can be migrated to the timeline. I would greatly appreciate anyone who acts on these recommendations. Thank you. Alexkyoung (talk) 23:21, 3 June 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:23, 20 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Bellwood in Chambers, 2008).png

First people to Madagascar arrived with outrigger canoes???
This should be corrected. The reference to the claim ("canoes") is from an article in a genetics journal, and not plausible. There are a number of finds of large ships, easily capable of the kind of ocean crossing that is needed to reach Madagascar from Borneo. The same ships were used in trade over the Indian ocean at the time when first people arrived in Madagascar, and centuries before. These boats are something completely different from "outrigger canoes". See Djong (ship). According to the article on Djong, large ships coming from somewhere further east from India were already known to ancient Romans in AD 100.

History
Madagascar 2600:100D:B02C:4ADF:38A3:9670:7C41:EC6E (talk) 19:56, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Well yes! Zanahary (talk) 00:48, 18 December 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:History of Madagascar


text: User talk:217.23.225.120

title: User talk:217.23.225.120


text:
George Pearkes

Major-General George Randolph Pearkes (28 February 1888 – 30 May 1984) was a Canadian politician and soldier. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy awarded to British and Imperial forces; and the 20th lieutenant governor of British Columbia.

Early life
Born in England in Watford, Hertfordshire, on February 28, 1888, he was the oldest child of Louise and George Pearkes and attended Berkhamsted School. In 1906, he and his brother emigrated to Alberta, Canada, where they settled near Red Deer. In 1911, George joined the Royal North-West Mounted Police and served in Yukon until the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914.

A comprehensive biography of Pearkes was written during his lifetime by Reginald Roy, based on 82 one-to-two-hour tape recorded interviews and considerable primary and secondary sources.

First World War and Victoria Cross

In 1915, Pearkes enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force 2nd Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles; transferring in September 1916 to the 5th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles. In the photo obtained from Library and Archives Canada (PA-002310) dated December 1917, Major Pearkes, 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles, is shown wearing the Military Cross service ribbon, but has not yet received the ribbon for the Victoria Cross. He is wearing four wound stripes on his sleeve.

Pearkes was 29 years old, and an acting major during the Battle of Passchendaele when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC):

"For most conspicuous bravery and skilful handling of the troops under his command during the capture and consolidation of considerably more than the objectives allotted to him, in an attack. Just prior to the advance Major Pearkes was wounded in the thigh. Regardless of his wound, he continued to lead his men with the utmost gallantry, despite many obstacles.

At a particular stage of the attack his further advance was threatened by a strong point which was an objective of the battalion on his left, but which they had not succeeded in capturing. Quickly appreciating the situation, he captured and held this point, thus enabling his further advance to be successfully pushed forward.

It was entirely due to his determination and fearless personality that he was able to maintain his objective with the small number of men at his command against repeated enemy counter-attacks, both his flanks being unprotected for a considerable depth meanwhile.

His appreciation of the situation throughout and the reports rendered by him were invaluable to his commanding officer in making dispositions of troops to hold the position captured.

He showed throughout a supreme contempt of danger and wonderful powers of control and leading."

During the war, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. Aside from the VC, Pearkes was also awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and the Military Cross (MC).

Between the wars
Following the First World War he became a career officer in the army, and went to England in April 1919 to attend the Staff College, Camberley, for the first post-war course there. Among his fellow students there were Ronald Okeden Alexander, Bernard Freyberg, Alan Brooke, John Gort and Percy Hobart, all of whom would rise to high rank, as would John Dill, one of the instructors.

Upon his return to Canada, Pearkes was then appointed to Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry (PPCLI), one of the three infantry regiments of the regular Canadian Army, also known as the Permanent Active Militia (PAM) or the Permanent Force (PF). During the 1920s and early 1930s he was stationed as a staff officer in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and in Calgary, Alberta. He also served as staff officer at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. In 1925 Pearkes married Constance Blytha Copeman, and they had two children.

In 1936, he attended the Imperial Defence College in London. Among his fellow students there were Frank McNamara and Sydney Rowell, both from Australia; other students included William Slim and Keith Park.

From 1938 to 1940 he was District Officer Commanding 13th Military District in Calgary. With the opening of hostilities with Germany in the Second World War, Brigadier Pearkes was given command of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade, a component of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, which comprised a number of units raised in western Canada.

Second World War
In December 1939, Pearkes, by then age 51, and his staff left for England where the 1st Division, commanded by Major General Andrew McNaughton, was finally concentrated in a single place as a formation. In February 1940 he developed a serious case of spinal meningitis and it was feared that he might die, with the situation becoming so serious that his wife and son were sent to England from Canada. Miraculously, however, he managed to recover and, in fact, met his wife and son upon their arrival.

In July 1940, after the surrender of France, Pearkes succeeded McNaughton in command of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division. n November 1941 Pearkes was asked to assume temporary command of the expanding Canadian Corps, taking the place of McNaughton who was on an extended leave. Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery of the British Army, whose opinions of Canadian officers were crucial in the careers of senior officers overseas in the mid-war period, said Pearkes was a "gallant soldier" albeit one who, in his opinion, possessed, "little brains."

In August 1942 Pearkes was returned to Canada and became General Officer Commanding in Chief Pacific Command, primarily a home defence organization for western Canada. He oversaw defences on Canada's West Coast.

In 1943 Pearkes was part of the planning for Operation Greenlight, retaking the Aleutian Islands from the Japanese.

In 1944, Pearkes was instrumental in suppressing the Terrace Mutiny, a revolt by conscripts stationed in Terrace, British Columbia, resulting from the announcement that conscripts would be deployed overseas. Although successful, Pearkes was extremely critical of the actions that led to it in the first place, stating he had been placed in the "intolerable position of being ordered to enforce a policy which his past experience gained in applying similar policies has proven ruinous to discipline of [troops], and of being in an utterly dishonourable position, and [Pearkes said] that he will NOT issue instructions to his [junior commanders] placing them in an impossible situation."

When it became clear that the government was not considering deploying troops for the fighting in the Pacific, Pearkes requested a change of command, or to be allowed to retire. The Cabinet War Committee eventually decided on the latter, and he retired from the Army in February 1945. He went into federal politics, winning the Nanaimo, British Columbia, riding for the Progressive Conservative Party.

Political career
In the 1945 federal election, he was elected as a Progressive Conservative Party candidate in the riding of Nanaimo, British Columbia. He was re-elected in 1949. In the 1953 election, he was elected in the riding of Esquimalt—Saanich, British Columbia. He was re-elected in the 1957 and 1958 elections.

He was Minister of National Defence from 1957 to 1960 under Prime Minister John Diefenbaker. In 1958, Pearkes recommended that the Avro Arrow programme be cancelled. In a historic turning point for Canadian aviation, the costly programme was cancelled in 1959 in favour of a less costly reliance on missile defense with NORAD. He resigned from federal politics in 1960.

Lieutenant governor and later life
He became Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia on October 13, 1960, and became one of the few Lieutenant Governors to agree to an extended term, serving until July 1968.

In 1967, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. Pearkes died on May 30, 1984, in Victoria, British Columbia, and is commemorated at the Holy Trinity Cemetery, West Saanich, Sidney, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Section 4 – West. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa.

Family
In August 1925, he married Constance Blytha Copeman. A daughter, Priscilla Edith ("Pep"), was born in 1928 though she died while still a young child. A son, John Andre, was born in 1931.

Legacy
Pearkes' name has been honoured in various ways, including:
 * George R. Pearkes Arena in Saanich, British Columbia.
 * Mount Pearkes, along the mainland British Columbia south coast.
 * The George R. Pearkes Children's Foundation
 * The George R. Pearkes Centre for Children, a treatment facility for children with cerebral palsy, now part of the Queen Alexandra Centre for Children's Health in Victoria, British Columbia.
 * General George R. Pearkes Elementary School in Hudson's Hope, British Columbia.
 * The George R. Pearkes Building which houses the Canadian Department of National Defence Headquarters, in Ottawa.
 * The George R. Pearkes, VC Branch of the Royal Canadian Legion in Summerside, Prince Edward Island.
 * CCGS George R. Pearkes, a Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker.
 * There are numerous thoroughfares named for him.

He donated a ceremonial sword to Berkhamsted School in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire to be awarded each year to the school's best senior NCO cadet.

Honours and awards
Major-General George Pearkes received numerous awards during his life, including the following.

He was sworn in as a Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada on June 21, 1957. This gave Him the right to use the honorific prefix "The Honourable" and the post nominal letters "PC" for life.

He received the Key to the City of:

 * North Vancouver in British Columbia on March 21, 1966.
 * Burnaby in British Columbia on June 14, 1968.
 * Vancouver in British Columbia on August 27, 1968.

He received the Freedom of the City of:

 * Nelson in British Columbia, 1961.
 * Port Alberni in British Columbia on October 26, 1967.
 * Kelowna in British Columbia, 1967.
 * Central Saanich in British Columbia, 1970.
 * Vernon in British Columbia, 1970.
 * Penticton in British Columbia, 1973.

He also received the Order of the Dogwood in 1968.

Honorary degrees

 * He received honorary degrees from many universities including

 * Honorary degrees

title: George Pearkes


text:
File:VCRobertJones.jpg

Photo of Victoria Cross recipient Robert Jones, migrated from the Victoria Cross Reference site with permission. Photo submitted by John Young.

title: File:VCRobertJones.jpg


text:
Robert Jones (VC)

Robert Jones VC (19 August 1857 – 6 September 1898) was a Welsh recipient of the Victoria Cross for his actions at the Battle of Rorke's Drift in January 1879, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Jones was born at Penrhos, a hamlet to the north of Raglan in Monmouthshire, Wales.

Military achievements
Jones was 21 years old, serving as a private in the 2nd Battalion, 24th Regiment of Foot (later The South Wales Borderers), British Army in the Anglo-Zulu War. At Rorke's Drift he and Pte. 593 William Jones were posted in a room of the hospital facing the hill.

The two men kept up a steady fire against enormous odds. Then, while one worked to cut a hole through the partition into the next room, the other shot Zulu after Zulu through the loopholed walls, using his own and his comrade's rifle alternately as the barrels became too hot to hold from the incessant firing.

By their combined efforts the two men carried six patients to safety through the broken partition. A seventh, Sgt. Maxfield, was delirious and refused to be helped. When Robert Jones returned to take Maxfield to safety by force, he found him in his bed being stabbed by Zulus. Robert Jones suffered four assegai spear wounds, was struck by a bullet, and had minor burns.

After the battle, General Sir Garnet Wolseley awarded Robert and William Jones the VC at Utrecht, Transvaal.

Later life
After leaving the army, Jones settled in Herefordshire where he became a farm labourer. He married Elizabeth Hopkins. They had five children: Robert Jones, jr, Edith Emily East (née Jones), Alice Smith (née Jones) Lily Rose Griffiths (née Jones) and Ellen Kelly (née Jones) called Nellie by the family.

In 1898 Jones died in Peterchurch, Herefordshire, from gunshot wounds to the head at the age of 41. He had borrowed his employer's shotgun to go crow-shooting. His death certificate records a verdict of suicide whilst being insane. The coroner heard that he was plagued by recurring nightmares arising from his desperate hand-to-hand combat with Zulus. Jones was buried at St Peter's Church. Instead of being carried through the church gates into the graveyard, his coffin was taken over the wall due to the stigma of the time in regards to suicide. Jones' headstone was situated facing away from the church and his grave remains the only one in the churchyard to do so.

Jones' widow, Elizabeth, gave damning evidence at his inquest. She later married a William Tilbury, by whom she had two further children.

Victoria Cross
Jones' Victoria Cross passed out of the family. In 1996 Lord Ashcroft bought it at auction for £80,000. It is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum, London.

Ashcroft outbid both the South Wales Borderers' regimental museum and members of Jones' family. Members of the family had approached the regimental museum but had been told the museum were not in a position to bid but the museum did bid for the medal, and without realising it, family members who wanted to buy the Victoria Cross and donate it to the regimental museum unwittingly ended up bidding against the museum.

Film
In the 1964 film Zulu, actor Denys Graham played Jones.

title: Robert Jones (VC)


text: User talk:132.185.144.122

title: User talk:132.185.144.122


text:
Talk:United States Court of International Trade

Untitled
Comment on earlier deletion: it is policy to delete pages containing nothing more than an external link. Charles Matthews 10:14, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:El Hadji Diouf

Name
Which writing system is right: "El Hadji" or "El-Hadji"? Can anyone knowing the answer correct the article, please? Yves Revi 22:37, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

While I have heard him referred to as a wanker, does that really count as a nickname? According to wikiality, it does! Tell you what, I'm going to remove that, and if anyone thinks I'm wrong, let's see some justification here. Me mi mo 12:37, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Who cares, he's a complete cunt. Northbyu 11:59, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

- Definitely. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.223.110.26 (talk) 23:06, 31 January 2011 (UTC)

Yeah, well whoever called him a 'Muslim sand nigger' on the article took it too far. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.67.3.162 (talk) 20:08, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

for appreciation
i like to talk 2 dioufy because i am from senegal and ilove my coutrie i watching on channel 2s tv la tannierre du lion and i see the real diouf on there please iook forward and do the bestin the futur 4 senegal because we all love u  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.208.206.110 (talk) 23:34, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Why his name is written in Arabic ? --Qadsawi (talk) 11:41, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

COMMENT DELETED FOR RACISM

Vandalism
Semi protection should be place on this page due to heavy vandalism. Warburton1368 17:42, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

Continued vandalism to this page means the semi protection is not working. Please ensure that it is returned to the correct state ASAP. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.96.84.33 (talk) 21:05, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

Edit request from Botham1983, 21 March 2011
Edit to change the current photo to his current club

Botham1983 (talk) 01:18, 21 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Do you have an image of him with his current club? — Bility (talk) 06:23, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

What about http://img.thesun.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01252/diouf_1252616a.jpgBadSynergy (talk) 17:27, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I meant a free image already on the wiki or on Commons. See our image policy for more details. — Bility (talk) 17:54, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

OK Thanks I noticed in it says image policy Adding images

Before you upload an image, make sure that either:

You own the rights to the image (usually meaning that you created the image yourself). You can prove that the copyright holder has licensed the image under an acceptable free license. You can prove that the image is in the public domain. So my picture coming from a newspaper would count as in public domain?--BadSynergy (talk) 22:58, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

 * yeah i have some i took at the recent cup final and Ibrox afterwards all my own work. I have uploaded this to commons here is the link http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diouf_cropped.jpg Botham1983 (talk) 16:33, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

Vandalism
Someone has changed it to he plays for one of the most reviled clubs in europe with a link to rangers. This page is protected so I couldnt change it back. Looking at page history it was TBall84 who changed it.

Edit request from BadSynergy, 22 March 2011
Please change, El Hadji Ousseynou Diouf (born 15 January 1981 in Dakar, Senegal) is the most reviled footballer in Europe, who currently plays for the most reviled club in Europe on loan from Blackburn Rovers, back to its orginial version. It should read he plays for Rangers not most reviled club in Europe. A quick look at page history shows it was user TBall 84.

BadSynergy (talk) 16:09, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done — Bility (talk) 17:54, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

League Cup
Maybe mention his League Cup win with Rangers? — Preceding unsigned comment added by BadSynergy (talk • contribs) 00:37, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

✅ Monkeymanman (talk) 19:05, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Thanks I've not long joined so not allowed to edit semi-protected articles --BadSynergy (talk) 19:07, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on El Hadji Diouf. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081210191741/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/sport/article-23522594-details/2.6million+Diouf+signs+up+for+the+bad-boy+band+at+Sunderland/article.do to http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/sport/article-23522594-details/2.6million+Diouf+signs+up+for+the+bad-boy+band+at+Sunderland/article.do

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Name confusion
There is an article in progress about a Senegalese-born Quebecois singer, songwriter, and percussionist named El Hadji Fall Diouf (or the frenchified name "Élage Diouf") I think that another disambiguation should be added on this page to reduce confusion.Benson Bulloch (talk) 00:35, 12 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:El Hadji Diouf


text:
William Coffey (VC)

William Coffey VC DCM (5 August 1829 – 13 July 1875), born in Knocklong, County Limerick, was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Details
He was 25 years old, and a private in the 34th Regiment (later The Border Regiment), British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

On 29 March 1855 at Sebastopol, the Crimea, Private Coffey threw a live shell, which had fallen into a trench, over the parapet and thus saved many lives.

Further information
Coffey was posted to Indian fighting in the Indian Mutiny. He achieved the rank of sergeant. It was reported that he died by suicide (shot himself) in the Army drill shed Sheffield, 13 July 1875. However his death certificate shows he died of dysentery at Stonegravels, Chesterfield. He was buried in Spital cemetery, Chesterfield. Originally he was buried in an unmarked, common plot but in 1970 a stone, provided by the Border Regiment, was put on his grave following a service.

The medal
His Victoria Cross is displayed at Cumbria's Museum of Military Life Carlisle Castle, Cumbria, England.

title: William Coffey (VC)


text:
George Monger

George Monger (3 March 1840 – 9 August 1887) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Details
Monger was 17 years old, and a private in the 23rd Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Welch Fusiliers), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deed took place on 18 November 1857 at Secundra Bagh, Lucknow, India for which he was awarded the VC: Private Monger volunteered to accompany an officer, Thomas Bernard Hackett, whom he assisted in rescuing a corporal of the 23rd Regiment of Foot, who was lying wounded and exposed to very heavy fire. His citation reads: "23rd Regiment, Private George Monger

Date of Act of Bravery, 18th November, 1857

For daring gallantry at Secundra Bagh, Lucknow, on the 18th of November, 1857, in having volunteered to accompany Lieutenant Hackett, whom he assisted in bringing in a Corporal of the 23rd Regiment, who was lying wounded in an exposed position."

Further information
He died in 1887 at the age of 47 from tuberculosis. He is buried at Hastings Cemetery, East Sussex, in section H, grave E-18 common. The headstone was erected by local residents. A blue plaque is displayed on his former house in Tower Road, St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Welch Fusiliers Museum at Caernarfon Castle, Gwynedd, Wales.

title: George Monger


text:
William Rennie (Victoria Cross)

Lieutenant-Colonel William Rennie VC (1 November 1821 – 22 August 1896) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Details
Rennie was 34 years old, and a lieutenant and adjutant in the 90th Regiment of Foot (later The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), British Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place at the siege of Lucknow for which he was awarded the VC: "For conspicuous gallantry in the advance upon Lucknow, under the late Major-General Havelock, on the 21st of September, 1857, in having charged the enemy's guns in advance of the skirmishers of the 90th Light Infantry, under a heavy musketry fire, and prevented them dragging off one gun, which was consequently captured.

For conspicuous gallantry at Lucknow on the 25th of September, 1857, in having charged in advance of the 90th column, in the face of a heavy fire of grape, forcing the enemy to abandon their guns."

Further information
Lieutenant Rennie was promoted to captain on 9 January 1863, major on 10 December 1873, lieutenant-colonel on 28 March 1874 and retired in 1875. He died at Elgin in August 1896, aged 74 years. His headstone is at Elgin Cemetery (Lair H-96), Moray, Scotland.

The medal
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Cameronians Regimental Museum, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland. The museum had bought the medal in January 1969 for the then-record value of £1700.

title: William Rennie (Victoria Cross)


text:
Senioritis

Senioritis is the colloquial name for the decreased motivation toward education felt by students who are nearing the end of their high school, college, graduate school careers, or the end of a school year in general. Senioritis can, however, be described for any grade, although mostly said to occur in senior-level students. Senioritis is not a recognized medical condition, but a colloquial term (in the United States and Canada) that combines the word senior with the suffix -itis, which technically denotes inflammation but refers to a general illness in colloquial speech.

Consequences
In serious cases where students allow their grades to drop significantly, universities may rescind offers of admission. Nonetheless, most colleges rarely rescind admission offers, and even the most elite schools only revoke them from a very small number of students.

The time gap between college and university admissions, which are usually decided by March or April, and final exams, which usually are not until early May (e.g. Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate classes), is a challenge to seniors who may be feeling unmotivated toward their schooling.

Strategies to avoid senioritis
There are several strategies by which an individual with senioritis can mitigate its impact. For example, setting goals, including both short and long term, could motivate the student to remain on track to achieve their academic pursuits. Another strategy is taking breaks during mentally exhausting tasks, which could potentially alleviate some sensations of stress, and decrease educational burnout. One could also reward their accomplishments, no matter the size. This one can provide a sense of pride and help the person acknowledge what they have done. Lastly, an individual could avoid remaining in the same spot for too long.

Proposed solutions
James Coleman, writer and Chairman of the President's Panel of Youth, urged changes in the high school curriculum to address the problem of senioritis. These concerns gave rise to the implementation of a "Senior Semester" in many high schools throughout the country, which allowed seniors to spend time outside the school or attend seminars in their specific interests.

The College Board, the National Youth Leadership Council, and other youth-serving organizations suggest that there are many ways schools can help young people make the most of their senior year instead of succumbing to the temptation to take it easy once graduation is assured. Giving young people opportunities to make their academic work more meaningful through service-learning, or other forms of experiential education, can increase students' academic aspirations.

title: Senioritis


text:
Talk:NITT

I moved the text below from the article to the talk page. Sander123 10:17, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Sander123 12:50, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * You guys suspect 'copyright infringement' of the previous page! The content on site www.trichy.biz site is taken from our site, www.nitt.edu Explain!

 * This is new text:-

 * Hi, I'm not accusing the the trichy site a copyright violations. What happens is, I noticed that the text on the wikipedia page was very similiar to a page on the internet. I do not know if that is the original source, but it is a strong indication that this text was not written originally for wikipedia. Hence I presume there is a copyvio here. I may be wrong. In fact I hope so. Are you the original author, or did you receive permission to republish under gdl? Sander123 10:20, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:NITT


text:
File:VCEricArchibaldMcNair.jpg

Photo of Victoria Cross recipient Eric Archibald McNair, migrated from the Victoria Cross Reference site with permission. Photo submitted by Martin Hornby - (Gallaher Cigarette Cards).

title: File:VCEricArchibaldMcNair.jpg


text:
Eric Archibald McNair

Eric Archibald McNair VC (16 June 1894 – 12 August 1918) was a British soldier. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Biography
He was educated at Charterhouse School from 1907 to 1913, where he was Head of the School. He then went to Magdalen College, Oxford to study classics, though he left his studies shortly after matriculating to join the forces. While at Oxford he joined the Apollo University Lodge.

He was 21 years old, and a Temporary Lieutenant in the 9th (S) Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

On 14 February 1916 near Hooge, Belgium, when the enemy exploded a mine, Lieutenant McNair and a number of men were flung into the air and many were buried. Although much shaken, the lieutenant at once organised a party with a machine-gun to man the near edge of the crater and opened rapid fire on the enemy who were advancing. They were driven back with many dead. Lieutenant McNair then ran back for reinforcements, but the communication trench being blocked he went across the open under heavy fire and led up the reinforcements the same way. His prompt and plucky action undoubtedly saved a critical situation.

He later achieved the rank of Captain. He died of chronic dysentery at the base hospital in Genoa, Italy, on 12 August 1918.

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Eastbourne Redoubt Museum, Eastbourne, Sussex, England.

title: Eric Archibald McNair


text:
Pare Lorentz

Pare Lorentz (December 11, 1905 – March 4, 1992) was an American filmmaker known for his film work about the New Deal. Born Leonard MacTaggart Lorentz in Clarksburg, West Virginia he was educated at Buckhannon High School, West Virginia Wesleyan College, and West Virginia University. As a young film critic in both New York City and Hollywood, Lorentz spoke out against censorship in the film industry.

As the most influential documentary filmmaker of the Great Depression, Lorentz was the leading American advocate for government-sponsored documentary films. His service as a filmmaker for the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II was formidable, including technical films, documentation of bombing raids, and synthesizing raw footage of Nazi atrocities for an educational film on the Nuremberg Trials. Nonetheless, Lorentz perennially will be known best as "FDR′s filmmaker."

New Deal documentary films
Lorentz left West Virginia University, in 1925, to begin a career as a writer and film critic in New York City. He contributed articles to leading magazines such as Scribner's, Vanity Fair, McCall's, and Town and Country.

Lorentz also co-authored a 1929 book, Censored: the private life of the movie.

His work as a film critic led him to Hollywood, where he wrote several articles on censorship and The Roosevelt Year: 1933, a pictorial review of the first year of Franklin D. Roosevelt′s presidency. Roosevelt was impressed with the articles and the book, and in 1936, as president of the United States, invited Lorentz to make a government-sponsored film about the Oklahoma Dust Bowl.

Despite not having any film credits, Lorentz was appointed to the Resettlement Administration as a film consultant. He was given US$6000 to make a film, which became The Plow That Broke the Plains, a film that showed the natural and man–made devastation caused by the Dust Bowl. Though the tight budget and his inexperience occasionally showed through in the film, Lorentz's script, combined with Thomas Hardie Chalmers′s narration and Virgil Thomson′s score, made the 30-minute movie powerful and moving. The film, which had its first public showing on May 10, 1936 at Washington, D.C′s Mayflower Hotel, had a preview screening in March at the White House. Roosevelt was impressed and, after his re-election in 1936, gave Lorentz the opportunity to make a film about one of the president's favorite subjects: conservation. Lorentz made The River, a film celebrating the exploits of the Tennessee Valley Authority.

The TVA mitigated flooding but, more importantly to Lorentz and to Roosevelt, it put a stop to the prodigious pillaging of the forests by providing cheap, readily available hydro–electric power to a wide area. This film won the Best Documentary at the Venice International Film Festival. The text of The River appeared in book form, and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry the same year. It generally is considered his most masterful work.

When Republicans gained seats in Congress in 1938, and the congressional balance of power shifted in a more conservative direction, the pipeline of federal commissions for projects like Lorentz's were halted along with the short-lived existence of the US Film Service, which Lorentz headed. In 1940, he produced Power and the Land promoting the Rural Electric Administration. The REA took over its own production, and the film was directed by Joris Ivens, the prolific Dutch filmmaker best known for his anti–fascist documentaries.

Before the U.S. involvement in World War II, Lorentz made The Fight for Life (1940), a semi-documentary on the struggle to provide adequate natal (obstetric) care at the Chicago Maternity Center, based on a book by Paul de Kruif. John Steinbeck worked on the project with Lorentz.

He made a film for RKO Name, Age and Occupation that was never completed.

U.S. Army Air Corps World War II films
Lorentz served in the U.S. Army Air Corps, more specifically the Air Transport Command (ATC), accompanied by Floyd Crosby, who became an outstanding cinematographer during World War II. He was promoted to the rank of colonel. While serving, he made 275 pilot navigational films and minor documentaries for the U.S. Office of War Information (OWI) and the U.S. Information Agency (USIA), and filmed over 2,500 hours of bombing raids. (Note: Lorentz's name is not associated with any OWI or USIA films; his son Pare Lorentz, Jr., may have worked on a USIA film though most of his work was for USAID.) In 1946, Lorentz made a federally funded movie about the Nuremberg trials, intended to help educate the German people as to what had happened during the war. In the process of compiling material, Lorentz reviewed over 1 million hours of footage about the Nazis and their atrocities. Nuremberg, the film that resulted, played to "capacity audiences" in Germany for two years. However, it was not released in the United States until 1979. This film was produced for the Civil Affairs Division of the Government of Military Occupation (OMGUS). Lorentz's role and contributions to this production are not entirely clear because he prematurely resigned and the Hollywood director Budd Schulberg is given credit for completing it.

Later life and legacy
In the prosperity of the post–War period, there was no revival of partnerships with the federal government. He had ambitious plans to make documentaries about the New Deal and the United Nations, but funding was not available from government or private sources. His final film was Rural Co-op, which he wrote and directed in 1947.

Lorentz lived a quiet life among the country gentry 37 mi north of New York City in the upscale town of Armonk, New York until his death in 1992.

The International Documentary Association named its Pare Lorentz Documentary Fund, as well as the Pare Lorentz Film Festival and its grand prize in honor of Lorentz, granted to individuals whose work best represents the "democratic sensibility, activist spirit and lyrical vision" of Lorentz."

Selected filmography

 * The Roosevelt Year (1933)
 * The Plow That Broke the Plains (1936)
 * The River (1938)
 * The Fight for Life (1940)
 * Nuremberg (1946)
 * Rural Co-op (1947)

The Library of Congress has made available on its website a full-length version of The River, open for public viewing at the print's digital ID of hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsmi/ntscrm.00101008. This is a theatrical projection print acquired as part of the library's preservation program for films which were honored by being selected for listing on the National Film Registry. The following XML page contains the print's metadata as a Dublin Core record: lccn.loc.gov/2007640253/dc.

The Pare Lorentz Center, located at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park, New York, but with its separate online presence, has links on its website to three films which were posted to YouTube by the FDR Library's account:

 * The aforementioned film (but a different print) The River – part of the FDR Library's description reads, "The script for the film was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for poetry and was also described by author James Joyce as ‘the most beautiful prose I have heard in ten years’.”
 * The Plow That Broke the Plains
 * The Fight for Life Part 1 – a historical recording from the National Archives at College Park

title: Pare Lorentz


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikidreams

 This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion of the article below. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete. Joyous 03:24, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

Wikidreams
Found on substub list, apparently restored after deletion? Should delete again, then. Radiant! 16:48, Feb 16, 2005 (UTC)

Same reasons as Votes for deletion/Perldreams. I can't ever see this growing into an encyclopedic article. --PJF (talk) 10:20, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete to BJAODN. — David Remahl 10:26, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Will never grow past substub status. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 10:36, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, as Perldreams. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway Talk]] 13:44, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete to BJAODN. --Idont Havaname 23:46, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Joke article. --Improv 07:25, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --MPerel 09:39, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It's not even a BJAODN. --Regebro 11:48, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like some other VfD subpages, is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion, or the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Thain Wendell MacDowell

Thain Wendell MacDowell, VC, DSO (September 16, 1890 – March 28, 1960), was a Canadian soldier. MacDowell was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Overview
Thain Wendell MacDowell was born in Lachute, Quebec on 16 September 1890. His early days were spent in the Brockville, Ontario area, where he was educated at Brockville Collegiate Institute and joined the 41st Regiment Brockville Rifles. He later attended the University of Toronto, where he joined the Canadian Officer Training Corps as an Officer Cadet of The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada for four months. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1914, he enlisted and was commissioned in the 38th (Ottawa) Canadian Infantry Battalion (now perpetuated as The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own)).

During service in France in 1916, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order on the Somme, and the following year, promoted to Major, he was conferred the Victoria Cross for gallantry at Vimy Ridge on 9 April.

Victoria Cross
One of four soldiers to earn the Victoria Cross in the Battle of Vimy Ridge, one of two to survive the battle and the only one to survive the war, (the others were Ellis Wellwood Sifton, William Johnstone Milne and John George Pattison), MacDowell was 26 years old, and a captain in the 38th (Ottawa) Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War when he was awarded the Victoria Cross.

On 9 April 1917 at Vimy Ridge, France, Captain MacDowell, with the assistance of two runners (company orderlies, Pvts. James T. Kobus and Arthur James Hay, both of whom were awarded the DCM for their part) reached the German position ahead of his company. After destroying one machine-gun nest he chased the crew from another. MacDowell then spotted one German going into a tunnel. At the base of the tunnel, MacDowell was able to bluff the Germans to think he was part of a much larger force, resulting in the surrendering of two German officers and 75 German soldiers. He sent the prisoners up out the tunnel in groups of 12 so that Kobus and Hay could take them back to the Canadian line. Seeing that he had been fooled, a German prisoner grabbed a rifle and tried to shoot one of the runners. The German was then shot and killed.

Although wounded in the hand, MacDowell continued for five days to hold the position gained, in spite of heavy shellfire, until eventually relieved by his battalion. He was promoted to the rank of Major following his actions at Vimy Ridge.

Later life
He later achieved the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of the Frontenac Regiment from Napanee, Ontario. After the war, Colonel MacDowell served as an executive of several mining and chemical companies, and from 1923 to 1928, he acted as private secretary to the Minister of National Defence. He was placed on the retired list as a Lieutenant-Colonel.

In July 1929, he married Norah Jean Hodgson, of Montreal. They first lived in Toronto, but moved to Montreal in 1931. He had two sons, Thain W., who died in 2015, and Angus J., who died in 2018. His wife (Norah Jean MacDowell) died on 1 November 1983. He also had three grand children: A. Stuart, Patricia E, And Kenneth R.

He died in Nassau, the Bahamas, on 28 March 1960. Colonel MacDowell is buried at Oakland Cemetery (R.R.3, Brockville, Ontario, Canada. Anglican Section 3. Lot 112), in the Richardson family plot. The grave is marked by a headstone.

Legacy
The Director of National Defence erected a memorial range at the Connaught Ranges and Primary Training Centre in Ottawa, Ontario which was named in honour of LCol Thain Wendell MacDowell VC, DSO (1890-1960).

Colonel MacDowell's Victoria Cross is on display at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. There is a plaque in his honour on corner of Highway 2 and Church Street in Maitland, Ontario.

title: Thain Wendell MacDowell


text:
George Stewart (VC)

William George Drummond Stewart, VC (February 1831 – 19 October 1868) was a British Army officer and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Crimean War
George (as he was known) Stewart was the son of Captain Sir William Drummond Stewart, 19th Laird of Grantully and 7th Baronet of Murthly, and his wife Maria Christina (née Battersby). He was born in February 1831 at Grandtully Castle near Pitlochry in Perthshire.

He entered the Army on 2 June 1847 as an Ensign in the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders. After four years home service, he attained his promotion as Lieutenant, becoming a Captain two years later on 29 December 1854. In February 1854, on the outbreak of war with Russia, the 93rd Highlanders embarked for the Crimea, where they were destined to see much fighting and to win great renown.

Stewart was present at the Battle of Alma on 20 September that year, when the 93rd, as part of the Highland Brigade, 1st Division, stormed the Great Russian Battery on the Alma Heights with the other Highland Regiments and Foot Guards (93rd losses: 1 officer, 54 men). He was also present at the Battle of Balaklava a month later on 25 October, where the 93rd alone formed the now famous 'Thin Red Line' which, unsupported, repulsed the charge of a large body of the enemy's cavalry, and thereby prevented a direct assault on the port of Balaklava. He also served in the Siege of Sevastopol through the winter of 1854/5. He was wounded in the trenches above the besieged port, and remained in the Crimea until July 1856, when his regiment returned to England.

For his services in the Campaign, Stewart received the Crimean Medal with clasp for Alma, Balaclava and Sebastopol, the Turkish Medal and the Order of the Medjidie (5th class).

Indian Mutiny
The following summer found the 93rd on its way to India, where the laurels gained in the Crimea were to be more than doubled. The regiment reached Calcutta in September 1857, just in time to join Sir Colin Campbell's advance to relieve the Siege of Lucknow. The heroic achievements of Sir Colin's few forces are now matters of history, foremost among them stand the operations of 16 November: the Capture of the Secunderabagh and the Shah Najaf, deeds with which the name of the 93rd will ever be associated. The first VC exploit of that day was undertaken by Captain George Stewart, whose action was witnessed by Surgeon William Munro of the 93rd Highlanders.

While the artillery was being brought to bear on the Sikandarabagh, Capt. Stewart, with some Highlanders and a few of the 53rd Regiment of Foot, advanced towards two of the enemy's guns, which were maintaining a heavy flanking fire and which covered the approach to the barracks, a large cross-shaped building surrounded by outhouses. Stewart captured the guns in a most gallant manner, and by this means his force was able to gain possession of the barracks. Field Marshal The Lord Roberts described the action as "serviceable as it was heroic, for it silenced the fire most destructive to the attacking force". The possession of this building secured the left of the British advance, and greatly facilitated the ultimate withdrawal of the garrison of Lucknow.

"Stewart, perceiving the annoyance which these two guns were causing, and the injury that they might still cause, called upon his company (No.2), and at the head of it, increased in weight and numbers by a few men of the other companies, and of the 53rd, who had joined our men, dashed forward in the most gallant style, captured the guns at the point of the bayonet, turned the guns on the flying rebels, and then, pushing forward at the double, while Captain Cornwall, with his company (No.3) and the men of other companies, followed in support, assaulted the large pile of building called the barracks, situated in the left front of the Sikanderbagh, drove the enemy out, and established themselves in it." Stewart was 26 years old, and a captain in the 93rd (Sutherland) Highlanders when he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his above actions at Lucknow. He was gazetted on 24 December 1858 and his citation read: "For distinguished personal gallantry at Lucknow, on the 16th November, 1857, in leading an attack upon and capturing two guns, by which the position of the mess house was secured.

Elected by the Officers of the Regiment."

Six Victoria Crosses in all were bestowed on the 93rd Highlanders for their gallantry on 16 November, but Sir Colin Campbell decided, perhaps fearing that he might be accused of partiality, that only one of these should be given to the officers. Votes were taken and Capt. Stewart was chosen by his brother officers to receive the much prized honour. A total of 18 Victoria Crosses were awarded to British forces at Lucknow on 16 November 1857, the largest number ever awarded in a single day.

After the withdrawal of the Lucknow garrison, Sir Colin's Army was hurried back to Cawnpore. Stewart took part in the great battle which ensued there on 6 December. His regiment was in the thick of the fighting, and two days later, it formed part of the force under Sir Hope Grant. It completed the destruction of the Gwalior rebels as they were attempting to cross the Ganges at Oude. After two months of minor operations, the 93rd fought its way in to Lucknow under Sir Colin Campbell, and distinguished itself as on the previous occasion. Stewart took part in the storming of the Mogum's Palace on 11 March 1858,and, with characteristic daring, led a small party beyond the building in pursuit of the mutineers.

With Lucknow captured, the 93rd was sent into Rohilkand under Brigadier-General Walpole, helped to defeat the enemy at Alaganj, and fought under Sir Colin Campbell at Bareilly. There the regiment remained throughout the hot weather. In the following winter, it took part in the pacification of Oude, which was finally accomplished by the beginning of 1859.

For his services in this campaign, besides the Victoria Cross, Capt. Stewart received the mutiny medal with clasp for Lucknow.

William Stewart was promoted Major but left the Army in 1860. On 19 October 1868, while at Hythe, Hampshire, Stewart was giving a demonstration of sword swallowing. His trick went fatally wrong and he died from internal injuries a week later, on 26 October. William Stewart predeceased his father.

title: George Stewart (VC)


text:
Alfred Edward Sephton

Alfred Edward Sephton VC (19 April 1911 – 19 May 1941) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Details
He was 30 years old, and a petty officer in the Royal Navy during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

On 18 May 1941 in the Mediterranean, south of Crete, Petty Officer Sephton was a director layer on HMS Coventry when she went to the assistance of a hospital ship which was being attacked by German dive-bombers. When the enemy engaged Coventry, strafing her with machine-gun fire, Petty Officer Sephton was mortally wounded, a bullet actually passing through his body and injuring an able seaman beside him. Although in great pain and partially blinded, nevertheless he stuck to his instruments and carried out his duties until the attack was over. He died of his injuries next day.

The medal
Sephton's Victoria Cross was stolen from Coventry Cathedral in 1990.

title: Alfred Edward Sephton


text:
Robert Edward Ryder

Robert Edward Ryder VC (17 December 1895 – 1 December 1978) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Biography
Ryder was 20 years old, and a private in the 12th Battalion, The Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own), British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

"On 26 September 1916 at Thiepval, France, Private Ryder's company was held up by heavy rifle fire and all his officers had become casualties. For want of leadership the attack was flagging when Private Ryder, realising the situation and without a moment's thought for his own safety dashed, absolutely alone, at the enemy trench and by skilful handling of his Lewis gun succeeded in clearing the trench. This very gallant act inspired his comrades, made the subsequent advance possible and turned what could have been failure into success."

He later achieved the rank of sergeant.

The Medal
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Lord Ashcroft VC Gallery in the Imperial War Museum in London, England.

title: Robert Edward Ryder


text:
Talk:CKNW

Untitled
"When played in the Vancouver area" has been deleted by a consistent vandal. Can anyone confirm that away games are also broadcast in their entirety? --Wetman 10:23, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Copy-edit; cut several comments
I checked recent ratings here and changed "one of the leading" to "consistently leading". Is there another talk station that ever beats CKNW in the ratings? -- Jim Douglas (talk) (contribs)  05:30, 15 October 2006 (UTC) CKNW has been the #1 talk show radio station in the BBM (Bureau of Broadcast Measurement) Vancouver market ratings since Webster left CJOR in 1976. (CJOR did beat CKNW several times prior to this watershed event.) It has been the overall #1 radio station (any format) in the Vancouver market on all but a handful of occasions. This dominance of the ratings was established in the early 1960's. This statistic, however, is more about bragging rights than advertising revenue, as advertisers target specific audience groups, and CKNW's audience tends to an older, generally less desirable demographic.Danroach 23:14, 4 March 2007 (UTC)
 * "However, due to recent changes with on-air talent and programming many are predicting it is set to tumble in the ratings and assume a position similar to CFUN 1410." Many? Who?
 * "The station has been facing increasing criticism that it is becoming a pared-down version of its former self." Criticism from who?909
 * "(under the approval of the CRTC)" (redundant; all media sales must be approved by CRTC).

Line-Up reads like a press release
The Line-Up section is overly long, wordy, and lacks NPOV. For instance, it mentions the "senior meteorologist." Definitely a candidate for clean-up. Ronstew (talk) 08:18, 6 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks, bearcat, for cleaning this up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ronstew (talk • contribs) 16:09, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:CKNW


text:
Charles Smith Rutherford

Charles Smith Rutherford (9 February 1892 – 11 June 1989) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Early years
Rutherford was born on a farm in Colborne, Ontario on 9 January 1892. He joined The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada in 1916 and was posted to the 5th Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles, CEF.

World War I
He began his service in the ranks, and as a sergeant was awarded the Military Medal on 23 February 1918. After being commissioned, he was also awarded the Military Cross, the full citation was not published until after that of his VC, in a supplement to the London Gazette of 10 January 1919 (dated 11 January 1919):"As our right flank was 'in the air' for over 4,000 yards, this officer was detailed with his platoon and a Tank to clear up a village. This he did most successfully, killing a large number of the enemy and taking several prisoners. The coolness and determination which he displayed in clearing up the village and his marked control over his men at all times cannot be too highly commended."

Rutherford was 26 years old serving in the 4th Battle of the Scarpe near Monchy, France, when he was awarded the Victoria Cross. On 26 August 1918, while commanding an assaulting party, he found himself a considerable distance ahead of his men and at the same moment saw a fully armed strong enemy party outside a pill-box in front of him. By masterly bluff, he managed to persuade the enemy that they were surrounded and the whole party of 45, including two officers and three machine-guns, surrendered. The lieutenant then observed that gunfire from another pill-box was holding up the assault, so with a Lewis gun section he attacked it capturing another 35 prisoners and their guns. The full citation was published in a supplement to the London Gazette of 12 November 1918 (dated 15 November 1918):"For most conspicuous bravery, initiative and devotion to duty. When in command of an assaulting party Lt. Rutherford found himself a considerable distance ahead of his men, and at the same moment observed a fully armed strong enemy party outside a 'Pill Box' ahead of him. He beckoned to them with his revolver to come to him, in return they waved to him to come to them. This he boldly did, and informed them that they were prisoners. This fact an enemy officer disputed and invited Lt. Rutherford to enter the 'Pill Box', an invitation he discreetly declined. By masterly bluff, however, he persuaded the enemy that they were surrounded, and the whole party of 45, including two officers and three machine guns, surrendered to him.

Subsequently, he induced the enemy officer to stop the fire of an enemy machine-gun close by, and Lt. Rutherford took advantage of the opportunity to hasten the advance of his men to his support.

Lt. Rutherford then observed that the right assaulting party was held up by heavy machine-gun fire from another 'Pill Box'. Indicating an objective to the remainder of his party he attacked the 'Pill Box' with a Lewis gun section and captured a further 35 prisoners with machine guns, thus enabling the party to continue their advance.

The bold and gallant action of this officer contributed very materially to the capture of the main objective and was a wonderful inspiration to all ranks in pressing home the attack on a very strong position."

He later achieved the rank of captain.

Post World War I
From 1934 to 1940, Rutherford was the Sergeant at Arms of the Ontario Legislature when Mitchell Hepburn was Premier. He was the first sergeant to eject a member of the Legislature.

During World War II he served with the Veterans Guard of Canada, reaching the rank of Captain.

C.S. Rutherford was the last recipient of the Victoria Cross from World War I to die, on 11 June 1989 at the age of 97. He is buried at The Union Cemetery, Colborne, Ontario, Canada.

The location of Rutherford's medals is not public knowledge.

title: Charles Smith Rutherford