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Ed Miliband

Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British politician who has served as Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero since July 2024. He has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Doncaster North since 2005. Miliband was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition between 2010 and 2015. Alongside his brother, Foreign Secretary David Miliband, he served in the Cabinet from 2007 to 2010 under Prime Minister Gordon Brown.

Miliband was born in the Fitzrovia district of Central London to Polish Jewish immigrants Marion Kozak and Ralph Miliband, a Marxist intellectual and native of Brussels who fled Belgium during World War II. He graduated from Corpus Christi College, Oxford and later from the London School of Economics. Miliband became first a television journalist, then a Labour Party researcher and a visiting scholar at Harvard University, before rising to become one of Chancellor Gordon Brown's confidants and chairman of HM Treasury's Council of Economic Advisers. He was elected to the House of Commons in 2005 and Prime Minister Tony Blair made him Minister for the Third Sector in May 2006. When Brown became Prime Minister in 2007, he appointed Miliband Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Miliband was subsequently promoted to the new post of Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, a position he held from 2008 to 2010.

After the Labour Party was defeated at the 2010 general election, Brown resigned as Leader of the Labour Party; in September 2010, Miliband was elected to replace him. His tenure as Labour leader was characterised by a leftward shift in his party's policies under the "One Nation Labour" branding, and by opposition to the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government's cuts to the public sector. Miliband also abolished the electoral college system to elect the leader and deputy leader of the Labour Party, and replaced it with a "one member, one vote" system in 2014. He led his party into several elections, including the 2014 European Parliament election.

Following Labour's defeat by the Conservative Party at the 2015 general election, Miliband resigned as leader on 8 May 2015. He was succeeded following a leadership election by Jeremy Corbyn. In 2020, Sir Keir Starmer appointed Miliband Shadow Secretary of State for Climate Change and Net Zero. Following Labour's victory in the 2024 general election, Miliband returned to government after being appointed Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero by Starmer.

Early life and education
Born in University College Hospital in Fitzrovia, London, Miliband is the younger son of immigrant parents. His mother, Marion Kozak, a human rights campaigner and early CND member, is a Polish Jew who survived the Holocaust thanks to being protected by Catholic Poles. His father, Ralph Miliband, was a Belgian-born Polish Jewish Marxist academic whose father fled with him to England during the Second World War. The family lived on Edis Street in Primrose Hill, London. His elder brother, David Miliband, still owns the house as of 2010.

Ralph Miliband left his academic post at the London School of Economics in 1972 to take up a chair at the University of Leeds as a professor of Politics. His family moved to Leeds with him in 1973; Miliband attended Featherbank Infant School in Horsforth between 1974 and 1977, during which time he became a fan of Leeds United.

Owing to his father's later employment as a roving teacher, Miliband spent two spells living in Boston, Massachusetts, one year when he was seven and one middle school term when he was twelve. Miliband remembered his time in the US as some of his happiest, during which he became a fan of American culture, watching Dallas and following the Boston Red Sox and the New England Patriots.

Between 1978 and 1981, Ed Miliband attended Primrose Hill Primary School, near Primrose Hill, in Camden and then from 1981 to 1989, Haverstock Comprehensive School in Chalk Farm. He learned to play the violin while at school, and as a teenager, he reviewed films and plays on LBC Radio's Young London programme as one of its fortnightly "Three O'Clock Reviewers". After completing his O-levels, he worked as an intern to family friend Tony Benn, the MP for Chesterfield.

In 1989, Miliband gained four A Levels—in Mathematics (A), English (A), Further Mathematics (B) and Physics (B)—and then read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. In his first year, he was elected JCR President, leading a student campaign against a rise in rent charges. In his second year he dropped philosophy, and was awarded an upper second class Bachelor of Arts degree. He went on to graduate from the London School of Economics with a Master of Science in Economics.

Special Adviser
In 1992, after graduating from the University of Oxford, Miliband began his working career in the media as a researcher to co-presenter Andrew Rawnsley in the Channel 4 show A Week in Politics. In 1993, Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury Harriet Harman approached Rawnsley to recruit Miliband as her policy researcher and speechwriter. At the time, Yvette Cooper also worked for Harman as part of Labour's Shadow Treasury team.

In 1994, when Harriet Harman was moved by the newly elected Labour Leader Tony Blair to become Shadow Secretary of State for Employment, Miliband stayed on in the Shadow Treasury team and was promoted to work for Shadow Chancellor Gordon Brown. In 1995, with encouragement from Gordon Brown, Miliband took time out from his job to study at the London School of Economics, where he obtained a master's degree in economics. After Labour's 1997 landslide victory, Miliband was appointed as a special adviser to Chancellor Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2002.

Harvard
On 25 July 2002, it was announced that Miliband would take a 12-month unpaid sabbatical from HM Treasury to be a visiting scholar at the Center for European Studies of Harvard University for two semesters. He spent his time at Harvard teaching economics, and stayed there after September 2003 for an additional semester teaching a course titled "What's Left? The Politics of Social Justice". During this time, he was granted "access" to Senator John Kerry and reported to Brown on the presidential hopeful's progress. After Miliband returned to the UK in January 2004 Gordon Brown appointed him Chairman of HM Treasury's Council of Economic Advisers as a replacement for Ed Balls, with specific responsibility for directing the UK's long-term economic planning.

Parliament
In early 2005, Miliband resigned his advisory role to HM Treasury to stand for election. Kevin Hughes, then the Labour MP for Doncaster North, announced in February of that year that he would be standing down at the next election due to being diagnosed with motor neurone disease. Miliband applied for selection to be the candidate in the safe Labour seat and won, beating off a close challenge from Michael Dugher, then a SPAD to Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon.

Gordon Brown visited Doncaster North during the general election campaign to support his former adviser. Miliband was elected on 5 May 2005, with 55.5% of the vote and a majority of 12,656. He made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 23 May, responding to comments made by future Speaker John Bercow. In Blair's frontbench reshuffle in May 2006, he was made Minister for the Third Sector, with responsibility for voluntary and charity organisations.

Cabinet
On 28 June 2007, the day after Brown became Prime Minister, Miliband was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, being promoted to the cabinet. This meant that he and his brother, Foreign Secretary David Miliband, became the first brothers to serve in a British cabinet since Edward and Oliver Stanley in 1938. He was additionally given the task of drafting Labour's manifesto for the 2010 general election.

On 3 October 2008, Miliband was promoted to become Secretary of State for the newly created Department of Energy and Climate Change in a cabinet reshuffle. On 16 October, Miliband announced that the British government would legislate to oblige itself to cut greenhouse emissions by 80% by 2050, rather than the 60% cut in carbon dioxide emissions previously announced.

In March 2009, while Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Miliband attended the UK premiere of climate change film The Age of Stupid, where he was ambushed by actor Pete Postlethwaite, who threatened to return his OBE and vote for any party other than Labour if the Kingsnorth coal-fired power station were to be given the go-ahead by the government. A month later, Miliband announced to the House of Commons a change to the government's policy on coal-fired power stations, saying that any potential new coal-fired power stations would be unable to receive government consent unless they could demonstrate that they would be able to effectively capture and bury 25% of the emissions they produce immediately, with a view to seeing that rise to 100% of emissions by 2025. This, a government source told the Guardian, effectively represented "a complete rewrite of UK energy policy for the future".

Miliband represented the UK at the 2009 Copenhagen Summit, from which emerged a global commitment to provide an additional US$10 billion a year to fight the effects of climate change, with an additional $100 billion a year provided by 2020. The conference was not able to achieve a legally binding agreement. Miliband accused China of deliberately foiling attempts at a binding agreement; China explicitly denied this, accusing British politicians of engaging in a "political scheme".

During the 2009 parliamentary expenses scandal, Miliband was named by the Daily Telegraph as one of the "saints" of the scandal, due to his claiming one of the lowest amounts of expenses in the House of Commons and submitting no claims that later had to be paid back.

Leadership election
Following the formation of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government on 11 May 2010, Gordon Brown resigned as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party with immediate effect. Deputy Leader Harriet Harman took over as Acting Leader and became Leader of the Opposition. On 14 May, Miliband announced that he would stand as a candidate in the forthcoming leadership election. He launched his campaign during a speech given at a Fabian Society conference and was nominated by 62 fellow Labour MPs. The other candidates were left-wing backbencher Diane Abbott, Shadow Education Secretary Ed Balls, Shadow Health Secretary Andy Burnham and Miliband's elder brother, Shadow Foreign Secretary David Miliband.

On 23 May, former Labour leader Neil Kinnock announced that he would endorse Ed Miliband's campaign, saying that he had "the capacity to inspire people" and that he had "strong values and the ability to 'lift' people". Other senior Labour figures who backed the younger Miliband included Tony Benn and former deputy leaders Roy Hattersley and Margaret Beckett. By 9 June, the deadline for entry into the leadership election, Miliband had been nominated by just over 24% of the Parliamentary Labour Party, double the threshold. By September, Miliband had received the support of six trade unions, including both Unite and UNISON, 151 of 650 Constituency Labour Parties, three affiliated socialist societies, and half of Labour MEPs.

Miliband subsequently won the election, the result of which was announced on 25 September 2010, after second, third and fourth preferences votes were counted, achieving the support of 50.654% of the electoral college, defeating his brother by 1.3%. In the fourth and final stage of the redistribution of votes after three candidates had been eliminated, Ed Miliband led in the trade unions and affiliated organisations section of the electoral college (19.93% of the total to David's 13.40%), but in both the MPs and MEPs section (15.52% to 17.81%), and Constituency Labour Party section (15.20% to 18.14%), came second. In the final round, Ed Miliband won with a total of 175,519 votes to David's 147,220 votes.

Leader of the Opposition
Miliband's tenure as Labour leader was characterised by a leftward shift in his party's policies under the One Nation Labour branding which replaced the New Labour branding, and by opposition to the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government's cuts to the public sector. Miliband also abolished the electoral college system to elect the leader and deputy leader of the Labour Party, and replaced it with a "one member, one vote" system in 2014.

Shadow Cabinet
The first election to the Shadow Cabinet that took place under Miliband's leadership was on 7 October 2010. Ending days of speculation, David Miliband announced that he would not seek election to the Shadow Cabinet on 29 September, the day nominations closed, saying he wanted to avoid "constant comparison" with his brother Ed. The three other defeated candidates for the Labour leadership all stood in the election, though Diane Abbott failed to win enough votes to gain a place.

Following the election, Miliband unveiled his Shadow Cabinet on 8 October 2010. Among others, he appointed Alan Johnson as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, Yvette Cooper was chosen as Shadow Foreign Secretary, and both defeated Labour leadership candidates Ed Balls and Andy Burnham were given senior roles, becoming Shadow Home Secretary and Shadow Education Secretary respectively. Burnham was also given responsibility for overseeing Labour's election co-ordination.

Sadiq Khan, who managed Miliband's successful leadership campaign, was appointed Shadow Justice Secretary and Shadow Lord Chancellor, and continuing Deputy Leader Harriet Harman continued to shadow Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, as well as being made Shadow International Development Secretary. Alan Johnson would later resign, stepping down for "personal reasons" on 20 January 2011, necessitating Miliband's first reshuffle, in which he made Balls Shadow Chancellor, Cooper Shadow Home Secretary and Douglas Alexander Shadow Foreign Secretary.

Election results and resignation
Miliband's first electoral tests as Labour Leader came in the elections to the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and various councils across England, excluding London, on 5 May 2011. The results for Labour were described as a "mixed bag", with the party performing well in Wales – falling just one seat short of an overall majority and forming the next Welsh Government on its own – and making large gains from the Liberal Democrats in northern councils, including Sheffield, Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester.

Miliband launched Labour's campaign for the 2012 local elections with a speech in Birmingham, accusing the coalition government of "betrayal", and claiming that it "lacked the values" that Britain needed. The Labour results were described as a success, with the party building on its performance the previous year in the north of England and Wales, consolidating its position in northern cities and winning control of places such as Cardiff and Swansea. Labour performed well in the Midlands and South of England, winning control of councils including Birmingham, Norwich, Plymouth and Southampton. Labour was less successful in Scotland than England and Wales, but retained control of Glasgow despite predictions it would not. Overall, Labour gained over 800 councillors and control of 22 councils.

In April 2013, Miliband pledged ahead of the upcoming county elections that Labour would change planning laws to give local authorities greater authority to decide what shops can open in their high streets. He also said that Labour would introduce more strenuous laws relating to pay-day lenders and betting shops. Labour subsequently gained nearly 300 councillors, as well as control of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire County Councils.

In May 2014, Miliband led Labour through the European Parliament elections, where the party increased its number of Members of the European Parliament from 13 to 20. Labour came second with 24.4% of the vote, finishing ahead of the Conservatives but behind UKIP. This was the first time since the 1984 that the largest opposition party had failed to win the most seats in European elections. On the same day, Labour polled ahead of all other parties at the local elections, winning 31% of the vote and taking control of six additional councils.

On 30 March 2015, a general election was called for 7 May. Miliband began his campaign by launching a "manifesto for business", stating that only by voting Labour would the UK's position within the European Union be secure. Miliband subsequently unveiled five pledges at a rally in Birmingham which would form the focus of a future Labour government, specifically identifying policies on deficit reduction, living standards, the NHS, immigration controls and tuition fees. He included an additional pledge on housing and rent on 27 April. On 14 April, Labour launched its full manifesto, which Miliband said was fully funded and would require no additional borrowing. During this time an online campaign began known as Milifandom.

Miliband was portrayed during Labour's 2015 election campaign as being genuine in his desire to improve the lives of working people and to display progression from New Labour, but was unable to defeat interpretations of him as being ineffectual, or even cartoonish in nature. Miliband insisted that Cameron should debate him one on one as part of a televised election broadcast in order to highlight differences in policies between the two major parties, but this was never going to happen, with the pair instead being interviewed separately by Jeremy Paxman as part of the first major televised political broadcast of the election involving multiple parties.

Despite opinion polls leading up to the general election predicting a tight result, Labour decisively lost the 7 May general election to the Conservatives. Although gaining 22 seats, Labour lost all but one of its MPs in Scotland and ended up with a net loss of 26 seats, failing to win a number of key marginal seats that it had expected to win comfortably. After being returned as MP for Doncaster North, Miliband stated that it had been a "difficult and disappointing" night for Labour. Following Cameron's success in forming a majority government, Miliband resigned as Leader of the Labour Party on 8 May, with Harman becoming acting leader while a leadership election was initiated. Jeremy Corbyn succeeded Miliband as leader.

Backbencher
As a backbencher, Miliband spoke about the need to tackle inequality and in favour of the Paris climate change agreement. In May 2016, he appeared on the BBC's Question Time, speaking in favour of Remain in the UK's EU referendum and he subsequently campaigned for a Remain vote.

In the aftermath of the referendum result, Miliband said that, although he had supported Jeremy Corbyn since his election as leader, he had "reluctantly reached the conclusion his position [was] untenable", calling for Corbyn to step down in June 2016. In the ensuing contest, Miliband supported leadership challenger Owen Smith. Miliband later admitted that he was "clearly wrong" to call for Corbyn's resignation. In September 2016, Miliband joined the editorial board of The Political Quarterly journal, an unremunerated role.

Renewing his previous stance on the issue in 2011, Miliband criticised Rupert Murdoch's bid to takeover telecommunications company Sky in December 2016, subsequently supporting an inquiry by Ofcom.

At the snap 2017 general election, Miliband was again re-elected with an increased vote share of 60.8% and an increased majority of 14,024.

At the 2019 general election, Miliband was again re-elected, seeing his vote share decrease to 38.7% and his majority cut to 2,370. Following the election, it was announced that Miliband would sit on a panel of party figures to overview and investigate the electoral failure.

Return to Shadow Cabinet
On 6 April 2020, Keir Starmer appointed Miliband to his Shadow Cabinet, after winning the contest to become leader of the Labour Party two days before. Miliband assumed the role of Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in the new shadow cabinet.

In September 2020, Miliband faced Prime Minister Boris Johnson during a debate on the UK Internal Market Bill, in a speech accusing him of "legislative hooliganism".

On 27 October 2021, Miliband took Prime Minister's Questions following the October 2021 budget on behalf of Keir Starmer, who had contracted COVID-19.

In the November 2021 shadow cabinet reshuffle, Miliband was appointed to the newly established post of Shadow Secretary of State for Climate Change and Net Zero, assuming the energy responsibility from his previous role. He was succeeded as Shadow Secretary of State for Business and Industrial Strategy by Jonathan Reynolds. Miliband did not have a direct department to shadow until February 2023, when Grant Shapps was appointed Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero in the new Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Accordingly, Miliband's portfolio was renamed to Shadow Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, mirroring that of the government, in the 2023 shadow cabinet reshuffle.

Miliband's re-appointment to the cabinet also led to the New Statesman naming him the twenty-first most influential British left-wing figure of 2023.

Return to government
Following Labour's victory in the 2024 general election, Miliband was appointed Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero by Starmer. He was among several ministers under Blair and Brown to be appointed to Starmer's cabinet. Two days after being appointed, Miliband lifted the offshore wind ban.

Policies and views
Miliband is generally seen as being on the soft left of the Labour Party.

Self-described views
Miliband described himself as a new type of Labour politician, looking to move beyond the divisiveness of Blairism and Brownism, and calling for an end to the "factionalism and psychodramas" of Labour's past. He also repeatedly spoke of the need for a "new politics".

During the Labour leadership campaign, he described himself as a socialist, and spoke out against some of the actions of the Blair ministry, including criticising its record on civil liberties and foreign policy. Though he was not yet an MP at the time of the 2003 vote, Miliband was a strong critic of the Iraq War. He backed UK military action and intervention in Afghanistan and Libya respectively.

Miliband called for "responsible capitalism" when Google's Eric Schmidt commented on his corporation's non-payment of tax. He also supported making the UK's 50% top rate of tax permanent, as well as the institution of a new financial transaction tax, mutualising Northern Rock, putting limits on top salaries, scrapping tuition fees in favour of a graduate tax, implementing a living wage policy and the scrapping of the ID cards policy, and spoke in favour of a "National Care Service".

Miliband worked closely with the think tank Policy Network on the concept of predistribution as a means to tackle what he described as 'the growing crisis in living standards'. His announcement that predistribution would become a cornerstone of the UK Labour Party's economic policy was jokingly mocked by Prime Minister David Cameron during Prime Minister's Questions in the House of Commons.

Though Labour remained officially neutral, he in a personal capacity supported the failed "Yes to AV" campaign in the Alternative Vote referendum on 5 May 2011, saying that it would benefit Britain's "progressive majority". In September 2011, Miliband stated that a future Labour Government would immediately cut the cap on tuition fees for university students from £9,000 per year to £6,000, though he also stated that he remained committed to a graduate tax in the long-run. Together with Shadow Chancellor Ed Balls, Miliband also promoted a "five-point plan for jobs and growth" aimed at helping the UK economy, involving extending the bonus tax on banks pioneered by Alistair Darling, bringing forward planned long-term investment to help reduce unemployment, cutting the rate of VAT from 20% back to 17.5%, cutting VAT on home improvements to 5% for a temporary one-year period, and instigating a one-year National Insurance break to encourage employers to hire more staff. Miliband also endorsed the Blue Labour trend in the Labour Party, founded by Maurice Glasman. This was seen to have influenced his 2011 conference speech, signalling "predatory and productive capitalism".

Miliband is progressive in regard to issues of gender and sexuality. He publicly identifies as a feminist. In March 2012, Miliband pledged his support for same sex marriage. As he signed an 'equal marriage pledge', he said, "I strongly agree gay and lesbian couples should have an equal right to marry and deserve the same recognition from the state and society as anyone else."

In June 2014, while speaking to the Labour Friends of Israel, Miliband stated that if he became Prime Minister he would seek "closer ties" with Israel and opposed the boycott of Israeli goods, saying that he would "resolutely oppose the isolation of Israel" and that nobody in the Labour Party should question Israel's right to exist. He also stated that, as a Jew and a friend of Israel, he must criticise Israel when necessary, opposing the "killing of innocent Palestinian civilians". Miliband criticised Israel for its conduct during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.

Since the end of his leadership of the Labour Party, Miliband has expressed regret for not having been "radical enough" in his manifesto, and has described himself as "not following the normal route, which is to become more right wing as you get older", but instead becoming "more left wing".

On 30 April 2019, Miliband joined Caroline Lucas and Laura Sandys in calling for a Green New Deal in the UK.

Comments on other politicians
During his time as Labour leader, Miliband criticised the Conservative Leader and Prime Minister David Cameron for "sacrificing everything on the altar of deficit reduction", and has accused him of being guilty of practising "old politics", citing alleged broken promises on areas such as crime, policing, bank bonuses, and child benefit.

Miliband was also particularly critical of former Liberal Democrat Leader and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg following the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement, accusing him of "betrayal" and of "selling-out" his party's voters. In 2010, he stated that he would demand Clegg's resignation before any Labour–Liberal Democrat coalition under his leadership. In the 2011 Alternative Vote referendum campaign he refused to share a platform with Clegg, stating that he had become "too toxic" a brand and that he would harm the "Yes to AV" campaign. He shared platforms during the campaign with former Liberal Democrat Leaders Lord Ashdown and Charles Kennedy, Liberal Democrat Deputy Leader Simon Hughes, the Green Party Leader Caroline Lucas and Business Secretary Vince Cable, among others. As Labour leader, Miliband made speeches aimed at winning over disaffected Liberal Democrats, identifying a difference between "The Orange Book" Lib Dems, who were closer to the Conservatives, and Lib Dems on the centre-left, offering the latter a role in helping Labour's policy review at that time. Following the death of former Prime Minister and Conservative Leader Margaret Thatcher in 2013, Miliband spoke in a House of Commons sitting specially convened to pay tributes to her. He noted that, although he disagreed with a few of her policies, he respected "what her death means to the many, many people who admired her". He also said that Thatcher "broke the mould" in everything she had achieved in her life, and that she had had the ability to "overcome every obstacle in her path". He had previously praised Thatcher shortly before the Labour Party Conference in September 2012 for creating an "era of aspiration" in the 1980s.

Miliband has previously spoken positively of his brother David, praising his record as Foreign Secretary, and saying that "his door was always open" following David's decision not to stand for the Shadow Cabinet in 2010. Upon David's announcement in 2013 that he would resign as a Labour MP and move to New York to head the International Rescue Committee, Miliband said that British politics would be "a poorer place" without him, and that he thought David "would once again make a contribution to British public life."

When asked to choose the greatest British Prime Minister, Miliband answered with Labour's post-war Prime Minister and longest-serving Leader, Clement Attlee. He has also spoken positively of his two immediate predecessors as Labour leader, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, praising their leadership and records in government.

Media portrayal
Miliband was portrayed during Labour's 2015 election campaign as being genuine in his desire to improve the lives of working people and to display progression from New Labour, but was unable to defeat interpretations of him as being ineffectual, or even cartoonish in nature. Political illustrators perceived a resemblance to Wallace of the British animation Wallace and Gromit and greatly exaggerated this in caricatures; various images circulated in the press and online media of Miliband performing day-to-day activities such as eating a bacon sandwich, donating money to a beggar, and giving a kiss to his wife, all while displaying apparently awkward facial expressions. In a March 2015 Newsnight election debate, he was challenged by Jeremy Paxman as to whether or not he was 'tough enough' to be Prime Minister, responding, "Hell yes, I'm tough enough", in reference to his reluctance to support air strikes against extremist targets in Syria.

Other works
In June 2017, Miliband guest-presented Jeremy Vine's BBC Radio 2 show.

Miliband co-hosts a popular podcast, entitled Reasons to be Cheerful, with radio presenter Geoff Lloyd. In November 2017, Miliband and Lloyd appeared as joint guests on Richard Herring's Leicester Square Theatre Podcast.

Personal life
Miliband is married to Justine Thornton, a High Court Judge. The couple met in 2002 and lived together in north London before becoming engaged in March 2010 and married in May 2011. They have two sons, Daniel, born 2009, and Samuel, born 2010.

Miliband is of Jewish heritage — the first ethnically Jewish leader of the Labour Party — and describes himself as a Jewish atheist. After marrying Thornton in a civil ceremony on 27 May 2011, he paid tribute to his Jewish heritage by following the tradition of breaking a glass. In 2012, Miliband wrote, "Like many others from Holocaust families, I have a paradoxical relationship with this history. On one level I feel intimately connected with it – this happened to my parents and grandparents. On another, it feels like a totally different world."

Styles

 * Mr. Edward Samuel Miliband (1969–2005)
 * Mr. Edward Samuel Miliband MP (2005–2007)
 * The Right Honourable Edward Samuel Miliband MP (2007–present)

title: Ed Miliband


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Untold Scandal

Untold Scandal (lit. "Scandal: The Love Story of Men and Women in Joseon") is a 2003 South Korean romantic drama film directed by E J-yong, and starring Bae Yong-joon, Jeon Do-yeon, and Lee Mi-sook. Loosely based on the 1782 French novel Les Liaisons dangereuses, this adaptation takes place in late 18th century Korea, during the Joseon dynasty.

In South Korea the film was given an R-18 rating by the Korean Film Ethics Commission. The film was a major commercial success, and became the fourth highest grossing domestic film of 2003 with 3,522,747 tickets sold nationwide.

Plot
A beautiful but cynical and manipulative noblewoman makes a bet with her free-spirited womanizing cousin that he can have sex with her if he is able to seduce a young woman of great virtue. He accepts the challenge with enthusiasm though not suspecting the nasty trap he is walking into.

Cast

 * Bae Yong-joon – Jo-won (Vicomte Sébastien de Valmont)
 * Jeon Do-yeon – Lady Jeong (Madame Marie de Tourvel)
 * Lee Mi-sook – Lady Cho (Marquise Isabelle de Merteuil)
 * Lee So-yeon – Lee So-ok (Cécile de Volanges)
 * Jo Hyun-jae – Kwon In-ho (Cécile's music tutor Chevalier Raphael Danceny)
 * Lee Mi-ji – So-ok's mother (Cécile's mother Madame de Volanges)
 * – Madam Jo's husband (Merteuil's former love, the Comte de Gercourt)
 * Choi Ban-ya – Chu Wol-yi
 * Choi Sung-min – slave
 * Jeon Yang-ja – Vice-Premier's wife
 * Seo Yoon-ah – Jung-geum
 * Han Yi-bin – Eun-sil
 * Jung Jae-jin – elder 2
 * Kong Ho-suk – elder 3
 * Na Han-il – Nobleman Yoo

Differences from the original novel
Monsieur de Tourvel (Madame Marie de Tourvel/Lady Jeong's husband), who was away for a court case in the novel, was in the film deceased, making Lady Jeong a widow of nine years. Furthermore, Lady Jeong lived in Ganghwa Island, and in the film, she is living in Seoul as there was a plague at her hometown at that time.

Jo-won (Vicomte Sébastien de Valmont) and Madam Jo (Marquise Isabelle de Merteuil) were in the film cousins (Jo-won the younger cousin), and it is revealed that Jo-won's first love was Madam Jo, whereas in the novel, they were rivals, yet using the same tools for their revenge: sex.

Marquise Isabelle de Merteuil (Madam Jo)'s former lover is arranged to be Cécile's future husband in the novel, but in the film, his character is Madam Jo's husband. In So-ok's case, she is being made into a concubine of Madam Jo's husband for the continuity of the family lineage with the elders' consent.

Lee So-ok (Cécile de Volanges) was ushered in to Madam Jo's care to be the concubine of her husband, and is conspiring with Jo-won to make her pregnant for revenge (with Madam Jo telling her husband what really happened to So-ok at her husband's deathbed).

Chevalier Raphael Danceny was originally Cécile's music tutor in the novel, but in the film, Kwon In-ho (Raphael Danceny's counterpart) is the youngest son of Madam Jo's next-door neighbor and also Lady Jeong's cousin.

Awards and nominations
2003 Pusan International Film Festival
 * NETPAC Award

2003 Blue Dragon Film Awards
 * Best New Actor – Bae Yong-joon
 * Nomination – Best Actress – Jeon Do-yeon
 * Nomination – Best Actress – Lee Mi-sook

2004 Baeksang Arts Awards
 * Best New Actor – Bae Yong-joon

2004 Verona Film Festival
 * Stefano Reggiani Prize (from the Veneto's Order of Journalists)
 * Best Artistic, Technical, or Creative Contribution

2004 Grand Bell Awards
 * Best Costume Design – Jung Ku-ho, Kim Hee-ju
 * Nomination – Best Film
 * Nomination – Best Director – E J-yong
 * Nomination – Best Actress – Jeon Do-yeon
 * Nomination – Best Actress – Lee Mi-sook
 * Nomination – Best New Actor – Bae Yong-joon
 * Nomination – Best Planning – Lee Yoo-jin
 * Nomination – Best Adapted Screenplay – Kim Dae-woo, E J-yong, Kim Hyeon-jeong
 * Nomination – Best Cinematography – Kim Byeong-il
 * Nomination – Best Art Direction – Jung Ku-ho
 * Nomination – Best Music – Lee Byung-woo

2004 Shanghai International Film Festival
 * Best Director – E J-yong
 * Best Music – Lee Byung-woo
 * Best Visual Effects – Lee Jeon-hyeong
 * Best Sound Effects – Lee Seung-chul

2004 Korean Film Awards
 * Best Art Direction – Jung Ku-ho
 * Nomination – Best Actress – Lee Mi-sook
 * Nomination – Best Director – E J-yong
 * Nomination – Best Cinematography – Kim Byeong-il
 * Nomination – Best Music – Lee Byung-woo

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Untold Scandal


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Steam locomotives of Ireland

A wide variety of steam locomotives have been used on Ireland's railways. This page lists most if not all those that have been used in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Irish railways generally followed British practice in locomotive design.

The list that follows is roughly geographic (north to south) order.

Northern Ireland
The Ulster Transport Authority, which controlled the railways in Northern Ireland between 1948 and 1966, replaced steam haulage on passenger trains with diesel multiple units, but had only two diesel shunting locomotives, which meant a continued role for steam on freight work. Twenty-three locomotives passed to Northern Ireland Railways in 1967, but most were not used again and all had been withdrawn by 1971.

Belfast and County Down Railway
The Belfast and County Down Railway was founded in 1848. It absorbed the Belfast, Hollywood and Bangor Railway in 1884 and continued operating until it was nationalised in its centenary year into the Ulster Transport Authority as a result of the Ireland Act 1949.

Belfast and Northern Counties Railway (1848–1903) & Northern Counties Committee (1903–1949)
The Belfast and Northern Counties Railway (BNCR), was a railway that served the north-east of Ireland. It had its origins in the Belfast and Ballymena Railway that opened to traffic on 11 April 1848. The Northern Counties Committee came into existence on 1 July 1903 as the result of the Midland Railway taking over the BNCR. At the 1923 Grouping the Committee became part of the London Midland & Scottish Railway (LMS); with the nationalisation of the railways in Britain in 1948 the line passed to the British Transport Commission and in the following year, 1949, it was sold to the Ulster Transport Authority (UTA) as a result of the Ireland Act 1949.

The early locomotives of the constituent companies were to assorted designs from a number of manufacturers. The first locomotives for the Belfast and Ballymena Railway were purchased from Bury, Curtis and Kennedy. These were four 2-2-2 singles and one 0-4-2 goods engine. Later, four more 2-2-2s were ordered but this time from Sharp Brothers. Fairbairn 2-2-2s were to be found on the Ballymena Ballymena, Ballymoney, Coleraine and Portrush Junction Railway but this company also favoured Sharp locomotives which were double framed 2-4-0s.
 * Belfast and Ballymena Railway (1848–1860) and other constituents

Belfast and Northern Counties Railway (1860–1903)
The BNCR introduced class letters for its locomotive stock in 1897. The MR (NCC) and later the LMS (NCC) continued to use the system adding new classes as required.

Cross-Border Lines
Following the division of Ireland in 1921 into two administrations, a number of railways now found themselves operating on both sides of the newly created boundary between Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State (later Republic of Ireland).

West Donegal Railway
The 3 ft West Donegal Railway became the Donegal Railway in 1892; and the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee after being jointly acquired in 1906 by the Great Northern Railway and the Midland Railway's Northern Counties Committee.

Great Northern Railway
The Great Northern Railway (GNR) was formed in 1876 acquiring a variety of locomotives. Nos 1 to 23 were from Dublin and Drogheda Railway; Nos. 24 to 41 from the Dublin and Belfast Junction Railway; Nos. 43 to circa 78 from the Irish North Western Railway and Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway; Numbers in the eighties from the Newry and Armagh Railway and nos. 100 to 141 from the Ulster Railway. Later acquisitions in the 1880s from the Newry, Warrenpoint, and Rostrevor and the Belfast Central Railway were numbered in the Nineties. The GNR straddled the border between the Republic and Northern Ireland (after 1921), and so was not incorporated in either the CIÉ or Ulster Transport Authority. However, mounting losses saw the network purchased jointly by the Irish and British governments on 1 September 1953. It was run as a joint board, independent of the CIÉ and UTA, until 30 September 1958 when it was dissolved and the remaining stock split equally between the two railways.

 * ? (1877–1881)
 * James Crawford Park (1881–1895)
 * Charles Clifford (1895–1912)
 * G. T. Glover (1912–1933)
 * G. B. Howden (1933–1939)
 * H. R. McIntosh (1939–1953)

Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway

 * Broad gauge locomotives (1862–1882)
 * Narrow gauge locomotives (1882–1954)

Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway
The Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway was a small cross-border railway that closed in 1957. Its locomotive fleet never carried numbers, only names.

Irish Free State and Republic of Ireland
The railways wholly in the Irish Free State were merged into one private company — Great Southern Railways — in 1925. The GSR renumbered all the broad gauge locomotives into one series with the former Great Southern and Western Railway locomotives retaining their old number. The GSR had two parallel classification systems – a numerical system which was the lowest number of a locomotive in that class, and an alpha-numerical which used a letter to indicate the wheel arrangement, and a number, with the lowest number given to the most powerful class with that wheel arrangement. The latter system was only used by Inchicore Works for accounting purposes, while the former was used by locomotive crews and the drawing office at Inchicore Works. Note that narrow gauge locomotive classes included the letter N after the prefix letter, letter C was also used for Bo-Bo diesels, and that letters B, C, D, F, J, and K were used for the same wheel arrangements by the London and North Eastern Railway, while E and G changed places.

In 1945, the GSR became part of Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), which amalgamated the railway, road transport and canal functions of the State. CIÉ was nationalised in 1950 and settled on a policy of replacing steam with diesel locomotives, a process that was completed in 1962.

Midland Great Western Railway (1847–1924)

 * M. Atock (1872–1901)
 * MGWR Class D – GSR Class 530 or Class D16
 * MGWR Class E – GSR Class 551 or Class J26
 * MGWR Class H – GSR Class 619 or Class J6
 * MGWR Class K – GSR Class 650 or Class G2
 * MGWR Classes L and Lm – GSR Classes 573 and 594, Classes J18 and J19
 * MGWR Class Ln – GSR Class 563 or Class J16
 * MGWR Class P – GSR Class 614 or Class J10
 * MGWR Class W – GSR Class 234 or Class J17

 * E. Cusack (1901–1915)
 * MGWR Classes A, As and A1 – GSR class 545 or Class D5
 * MGWR Class B – GSR Class 646 or Class J2
 * MGWR Classes C and Cs – GSR Class 536 or Class D7
 * MGWR Classes C and C1 – GSR Class 540 or Class D6

 * W. H. Morton (1915–1924)
 * MGWR Classes F, Fa, and Fb – GSR Class 623 or Class J5

Great Southern and Western Railway (1845–1924)

 * Alexander McDonnell (1864–1883)
 * GS&WR Class 2 – GSR Class 2 or Class D19
 * GS&WR Class 21 – GSR Class 21 or Class G4
 * GS&WR Class 47 – GSR Class 47 or Class E3
 * GS&WR Class 90 – GSR Class 90 or Class J30
 * GS&WR Class 91 – GSR Class 91 or Class J29
 * GS&WR Class 92 – GSR Class 92 or Class H2
 * GS&WR Class 101 – GSR Class 101 or Class J15
 * GS&WR Class 203 – GSR Class 203 or Class H1
 * GS&WR Class 204 – GSR Class 204 or Class J12
 * GS&WR Class Sprite – GSR Class Sprite or Classes L4 and L5

 * John Aspinall (1883–1886)
 * GS&WR Class 52 – GSR Class 52 or Class D17
 * GS&WR Class 60 – GSR Class 60 or Class D14

 * Henry Ivatt (1886–1896)
 * GS&WR Class 33 – GSR Class 33 or Class F6
 * GS&WR Class 37 – GSR Class 37 or Class C7
 * GS&WR Class 201 – GSR Class 201 or Class J11
 * GS&WR Jumbo – GSR Class Jumbo or Class J13

 * Robert Coey (1896–1911)
 * GS&WR Class 27 – GSR Class 27 or Class C4
 * GS&WR Class 211 – GSR Class 211 or Class J3
 * GS&WR Class 213 – GSR Class 213 or Class I1
 * GS&WR Class 301 – GSR Class 301 or Class D11
 * GS&WR Class 305 – GSR Class 305 or Class D12
 * GS&WR Class 309 – GSR Class 309 or Classes D3 and D10
 * GS&WR Class 321 – GSR Class 321 or Classes D2, D3, and D4
 * GS&WR Class 333 – GSR Class 333 or Classes D2, D3, D4, and D4a
 * GS&WR Class 341 – GSR Class 341 or Class D1
 * GS&WR Class 351 – GSR Class 351 or Class J9
 * GS&WR Class 355 – GSR Class 355 or Class K3
 * GS&WR Class 362 – GSR Class 362 or Class B3 – "Long Toms"
 * GS&WR Class 368 – GSR Class 368 or Class K4

 * Richard Maunsell (1911–1913)
 * GS&WR Class 257 – GSR Class 257 or Class J4
 * GS&WR Sambo – GSR Class Sambo or Class L2

 * E. A. Watson (1913–1922)
 * GS&WR Class 900 – GSR Class 900 or Class A1
 * GS&WR 400 Class – GSR Class 400 or Classes B2 & B2a

 * J. R. Bazin (1922–1924)
 * GS&WR Class 500 – GSR Class 500 or Class B1

Waterford & Limerick Railway
The Waterford and Limerick Railway changed its name to Waterford, Limerick and Western Railway in 1896. It was acquired by the Great Southern and Western Railway in 1900; by which time all but one of its locomotive fleet had been designed by Robinson.

 * J. G. Robinson (1888–1900)

Dublin and South Eastern Railway (1853–1924)
The Dublin and South Eastern Railway started out in 1846 as the Waterford, Wexford, Wicklow and Dublin Railway Company. In 1853 it was renamed the Dublin and Wicklow Railway Company, and in 1860 it was renamed the Dublin, Wicklow and Wexford Railway Company and on 31 December 1906 it was renamed again as the Dublin and South Eastern.

 * Frederick Pemberton (1854–1856)
 * S. W. Haughton (1856–1864)
 * William Meikle (1856–1864)

 * J. Wakefield (1865–1882)

 * W. Wakefield (1882–1894)

 * T. Grierson (1894–1897)

 * R. Cronin (1897–1917)

 * G. H. Wild (1917–1924)

Waterford & Tramore Railway

 * WTR Nos. 1 and 2 – GSR Class 483 or N1
 * WTR No. 3 – GSR Class 485 or L3
 * WTR No. 4 – GSR Class 486 or L1

Cork & Macroom Direct Railway

 * CMDR Nos. 2–4 – GSR Class 487 or G5
 * CMDR No. 5 – GSR Class 490 or I2
 * CMDR No. 6 – GSR Class 491 or F5

Timoleague & Courtmacsherry Light Railway

 * TCLR Argadeen – GSR Class K5
 * TCLR St. Molaga – GSR Class L6

Cavan & Leitrim Railway (to 1924)

 * CLR 1 to 8 — GSR Class 1L or Class DN2
 * CLR 9 – GSR Class 9L or HN1

Cork, Blackrock & Passage Railway (to 1924)

 * CBPR 1 to 3 – Broad gauge 2-2-2WT
 * CBPR 4 to 7 – GSR Class 4P or Class FN1, later Class 10L

Cork & Muskerry Light Railway (to 1924)

 * CMLR 1 to 3 – GSR Class 1K or Class DN6
 * CMLR 4 and 5 – GSR Class 5K or Class EN1, later Class 6S
 * CMLR 7 – GSR Class 7K or DN3
 * CMLR 8 – GSR Class 8K or DN7

Schull & Skibbereen Railway (to 1924)

 * SSLR 1 to 3 – GSR Class 2S or Class MN1
 * SSLR 4 – GSR Class 4S or Class DN5
 * SSLR 1 and 3 – GSR Class 1S or Class DN4

Tralee & Dingle Light Railway (to 1924)

 * TDLR 1 to 3, 6, and 8 – GSR Class 1T or Class KN2
 * TDLR 5 – GSR Class 5T or Class PN2 Currently preserved
 * TDLR 7 and 8 – GSR Class 4T or Class KN1

West Clare Railway (to 1924)

 * WCR 5 to 7 – GSR Class 5C or Class IN1. No 5 is preserved and operational at the West Clare preserved Railway
 * WCR 2, 4, 8, and 9 – GSR Class 2C or Class PN1
 * WCR 10 – GSR Class 10C or Class BN1
 * WCR 11 – GSR Class 11C or Class BN2
 * WCR 1 – GSR Class 1C or Class BN3
 * WCR 3 and 7 – GSR Class 3C or Class BN4

Bord Na Mona

 * BNM 1/3 WN 2263-2265 Originally numbered 1-3 Renumbered to LM43/45. Extensively upgraded and Modified E Class locomotives from WW1. All 3 survive in Preservation. 1 is now No 7 on the Talyllyn. No 2 resides operational on the Stradbally Woodland Railway. No 3 "Shane" now preserved and awaiting overhaul on the Giants Causeway Line.

Great Southern Railways (1925–1944) and Córas Iompair Éireann (from 1945)
The GSR introduced just under sixty steam locomotives between 1925 and 1944, whilst CIÉ introduced one, the experimental Bulleid turf burner. CIÉ did however acquire 83 steam locomotives, which was precisely half of the Great Northern Railway stock, when that company was split between CIÉ and the Ulster Transport Authority after 30 September 1958.

 * J. R. Bazin (1925–1929)
 * GSR Class 372 – also Class K1: Numbers 372–391 (R.E.L. Maunsell, imported in 1924)
 * GSR Class 280 – also Class M1 (previous Class M1 became Class M2): numbers 280–281
 * GSR Class 700 – also Class J15a: Numbers 700–704
 * GSR Class 850 – also Class P1: Number 850

 * W. H. Morton (1929–1932)
 * GSR Class 393 – also Class K1a: Numbers 393–398 (R.E.L. Maunsell, imported in 1924)
 * GSR Class 495 – also Class M3: Number 495

 * A. W. Harty (1932–1937)
 * GSR Class 670 – also Class I3: Numbers 670–674
 * GSR Class 710 – also Class J15b: Numbers 710–719

 * Edgar Craven Bredin (1937–1942)
 * GSR Class 800 – also Class B1a: Numbers 800–802

 * M. J. Ginnetty (1942–1944)

 * C. F. Tyndall (1944–1951)

 * O. V. S Bulleid (1951–1958)
 * CIÉ No.CC1 Turf-burning locomotive

Preserved locomotives

 * List_of_steam_locomotives_in_Ireland

title: Steam locomotives of Ireland


text: Category:Swedish astronomers

title: Category:Swedish astronomers


text:
Wendi Deng Murdoch

Wendi Deng Murdoch (born Deng Wenge; December 5, 1968) is a Chinese-born American entrepreneur, investor, film producer, and collector of Chinese contemporary art.

Early life and education
Wendi Deng was born in Jinan, Shandong and raised in Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Her birth name was Deng Wenge,, Deng, the family name, and Wenge meaning "Cultural Revolution". She has two older sisters, and a brother, and both of her parents were engineers. When she was a teen she changed her given name to "Wendi".

She attended Xuzhou First Secondary School (a.k.a. Xuzhou No.1 Middle School). She became a competitive volleyball player. While she was in high school, her father relocated to Guangzhou, where he was a factory director at the People's Machinery Works; she and her family remained in Xuzhou until they joined their father a short time later. In 1985, she was enrolled at the Guangzhou Medical College.

In 1988, she left medical school and went to the United States on a study permit. She enrolled at California State University, Northridge, where she studied economics and was among the top scoring students. She obtained a BA in Economics from California State University at Northridge and an MBA from Yale University.

Career and public profile
Upon graduation from Yale in 1996, Deng met Bruce Churchill. At that time, Churchill oversaw finance and corporate development at the Fox TV branch in Los Angeles. He offered Deng an internship at News Corp subsidiary Star TV in Hong Kong, which developed into a full-time junior executive position. Though a junior employee, she took a role in working to plan Star TV's operations in Hong Kong and China and helped to build up Chinese distribution for Star's Channel V music channel. Within one year, she became a vice president. Additionally, she investigated interactive TV opportunities for News Digital Systems.

Murdoch was an advisor for MySpace's China operation, prior to the company's sale to Specific Media in June 2011. She led the Murdoch family's Chinese internet investments and helped form business links with China for high-speed video and internet access.

In 2009, Murdoch co-founded the online platform Artsy with Carter Cleveland and Dasha Zhukova, which has since become one of the top online places for buying, viewing and learning about art. Other investors include Peter Thiel, François Pinault and Eric Schmidt. She has invested in tech start-ups including Oscar, Snapchat, Uber and Warby Parker.

In 2011, Murdoch co-produced her first film with Florence Sloan, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan, a movie about two footbound children in Qing dynasty China, directed by Wayne Wang. The film won the Golden Angel Award at the Chinese American Film Festival. She also produced the Netflix documentary Sky Ladder which showcased the art of Cai Guo-Qiang and directed by Academy Award-winning director Kevin MacDonald. The film premiered in January 2016 at the Sundance Film Festival. Sotheby's hosted a private reception and screening of the film in October 2016 before the film's Netflix debut.

Personal life

Jake and Joyce Cherry hosted Deng in their home during her studies in the United States. Later, Jake Cherry left his wife, and married Wendi Deng in 1990. While married to Cherry, Wendi obtained a green card. Their marriage lasted 2 years and 7 months when they divorced. Jake later said that they stayed together for only four to five months when he learned that Deng was spending time with David Wolf, a man closer to her age. Deng used Wolf's money to study at Yale.

In 1997, she met Rupert Murdoch, who is 37 years her senior, while working as an executive at the Murdoch-owned Star TV in Hong Kong. They married in 1999 on board his yacht Morning Glory, less than three weeks after the finalization of his divorce from his second wife, Anna Murdoch. The couple had two daughters: Grace (born 2001) and Chloe (born 2003). Tony Blair is Grace Murdoch's godfather. In June 2013, Rupert Murdoch filed for divorce from Deng, citing irreconcilable differences.

On July 19, 2011, Wendi Murdoch attacked Jonathan May-Bowles (comedian Jonnie Marbles) after he threw a pie at her husband Rupert Murdoch while he was giving testimony before a British parliamentary committee considering the News International phone hacking scandal. May-Bowles was subsequently sentenced to six weeks' imprisonment.

In February 2014, The Daily Telegraph and Vanity Fair alleged that Wendi Murdoch might have had an affair with former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair. An article in The Economist claimed that as a result of Rupert Murdoch's suspicion that Blair had an affair with his wife, he ended his long-standing association with Blair in 2014.

In early 2018, The Wall Street Journal published a story suggesting that Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump, longtime friends of Murdoch, were warned by US intelligence agencies that Murdoch may be using her relationship with them to further the goals of the Chinese government. Michael Wolff, author of Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House, posited that the article was an attempt by Rupert Murdoch, owner of The Wall Street Journal, to spread the idea that "Wendi is a Chinese spy" in the aftermath of their acrimonious divorce.

Murdoch lives in New York City with her two daughters. Grace attends Yale University (class of 2024), and Chloe studies at Stanford (2026).

title: Wendi Deng Murdoch


text:
London Journal

James Boswell's London Journal is a published version of the daily journal he kept between the years 1762 and 1763 while in London. Along with many more of his private papers, it was found in the 1920s at Malahide Castle in Ireland, and was first published in 1950, in an edition by Frederick A. Pottle. In it, Boswell, then a young Scotsman of 22, visits London for his second time. One of the most notable events in the journal is Boswell's meeting on 16 May, 1763 Samuel Johnson, the famous writer, moralist, and lexicographer with whom Boswell would form a close relationship, eventually writing the biography The Life of Samuel Johnson.

The journal relates with much detail and candour his frequent and casual use of prostitutes. One of the more notorious events related is Boswell's meeting his mistress Louisa, whom he believes has given him gonorrhea: BOSWELL. Pray, Madam, in what state of health have you been in for some time?

LOUISA. Sir, you amaze me.

BOSWELL. I have but too strong, too plain reason to doubt of your regard. I have for some days observed the symptoms of disease, but was unwilling to believe you so very ungenerous. But now, Madam, I am thoroughly convinced.

LOUISA. Sir, you have terrified me. I protest I know nothing of the matter.

BOSWELL. Madam, I have had no connection with any woman but you these two months. I was with my surgeon this morning, who declared I had got a strong infection, and that she from whom I had it could not be ignorant of it. Madam, such a thing in this case is worse than from a woman of the town, as from her you may expect it. You have used me very ill. I did not deserve it. You know you said where there was no confidence, there was no breach of trust. But surely I placed some confidence in you. I am sorry that I was mistaken.

LOUISA. Sir, I will confess to you that about three years ago I was very bad. But for these fifteen months I have been quite well. I appeal to GOD Almighty that I am speaking true; and for these six months I have had to do with no man but yourself.

BOSWELL. But by G-D, Madam, I have been with none but you, and here am I very bad.

LOUISA. Well, Sir, by the same solemn oath I protest that I was ignorant of it.

BOSWELL. Madam, I wish much to believe you. But I own I cannot upon this occasion believe a miracle.

LOUISA. Sir, I cannot say more to you. But you will leave me in the greatest misery. I shall lose your esteem. I shall be hurt in the opinion of everybody, and in my circumstances.

BOSWELL (to himself). What the devil does the confounded jilt mean by being hurt in her circumstances? This is the grossest cunning. But I won't take notice of that at all. — Madam, as to the opinion of everybody, you need not be afraid. I was going to joke and say that I never boast of a lady's favours. But I give you my word of honour that you shall not be discovered.

LOUISA. Sir, this is being more generous than I could expect.

The London Journal was but one of various journals written by Boswell, now gathered into a number of published volumes, but it is the only one whose material had not undergone extensive familial expurgation in the 19th century, and so it retained the racy material that made the London Journal an astonishing best seller on its publication. Fundamentally an "academic book," it sold over a million copies when it appeared as the first of the Yale Boswell publications in 1950. The manuscript was re-edited and comprehensively annotated in a new edition for Penguin Classics, by Gordon Turnbull, the general editor of the Yale Boswell Editions, in 2010.

title: London Journal


text:
Hullabaloo Soundtrack

Hullabaloo Soundtrack, also known as simply Hullabaloo, is a compilation and live album by English rock band Muse. The album is a double album with disc one containing previously released B-sides and disc two acting as the soundtrack to their live video Hullabaloo: Live at Le Zenith, Paris, which documented the band's performances at Le Zénith in Paris, France, on 28 and 29 October 2001. It was released alongside the live video on 1 July 2002 via Taste and Mushroom records.

Track listing

 * Notes
 * A sample of Tom Waits's "What's He Building?" can be heard in disc two's pregap (length: 1:53). On later digital editions, the sample is placed at the beginning of track no. 1
 * The opening measures of Rachmaninov's "Prelude in C Sharp Minor" are played at the beginning of disc two's track no. 7.

Personnel

 * Matthew Bellamy – lead vocals, lead guitar, piano, synthesisers
 * Chris Wolstenholme – bass guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals, synthesisers
 * Dominic Howard – drums, percussion

title: Hullabaloo Soundtrack


text:
A318

A318 may refer to:

 * A318 road (Great Britain), a main road in the United Kingdom connecting Chertsey and Byfleet
 * Autovía A-318, a highway in the Andalucian region of Spain
 * Airbus A318, a short- to medium-range, narrow-body, commercial passenger jet airliner built by Airbus Industrie

Airbus A320 Airbus A320 Airbus A320 空中客车A320

title: A318


text: Category:Argentine astronomers

title: Category:Argentine astronomers


text:
Big Lake

Big Lake may refer to:

Communities

 * Canada
 * Big Lake, Edmonton, a neighbourhood in Alberta, Canada
 * Big Lake, Nova Scotia
 * Big Lakes County, a municipal district in Alberta, Canada

 * United States
 * Big Lake, Alaska
 * Big Lake, Indiana
 * Big Lake, Minnesota
 * Big Lake, Carlton County, Minnesota
 * Big Lake Township, Sherburne County, Minnesota
 * Big Lake, Missouri
 * Big Lake, Texas
 * Big Lake, Washington

Lakes

 * Canada
 * Big Lake (Alberta)

 * New Zealand
 * The Big Lake (New Zealand) in Northland Region

 * Poland
 * Big Lake (Poland), a ribbon lake in the Pomeranian Voivodeship

 * United States
 * Big Lake (Arizona)
 * Big Lake (Arkansas)
 * Big Lake in Clay County, Arkansas
 * Big Lake in Crittenden County, Arkansas
 * Big Lake in Drew County, Arkansas
 * Big Lake in Garland County, Arkansas
 * Big Lake in Pulaski County, Arkansas
 * Big Lake in St. Francis County, Arkansas
 * Big Lake (Iowa)
 * Big Lake (Maine)
 * Big Lake (Michigan)
 * Big Lake in Allegan County, Michigan
 * Big Lake in Oakland County, Michigan
 * Big Lake in Osceola County, Michigan
 * Big Lake (Grant County, Minnesota)
 * Big Lake (Minnesota-Wisconsin), part of "Pool 4", above Lock and Dam No. 4 on the Mississippi River
 * Big Lake (Missouri)
 * Big Lake (Montana)
 * Big Lake in Chouteau County, Montana
 * Big Lake in Missoula County, Montana
 * Big Lake in Stillwater County, Montana
 * Big Lake in Toole County, Montana
 * Big Lake (Texas)

Parks

 * United States
 * Big Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas
 * Big Lake State Park in Missouri

Other

 * Big Lake (Metro Transit station) in Big Lake, Minnesota
 * Big Lake (TV series), Comedy Central television series

title: Big Lake


text: Category:Argentine scientists

title: Category:Argentine scientists


text:
Bluffton

Bluffton may refer to:

Places in Canada

 * Bluffton, Alberta

Places in the United States

 * Bluffton, Alabama
 * Bluffton, Arkansas
 * Bluffton Colony, a part of Muskegon, Michigan, which included a colony of vaudeville actors, including Buster Keaton.
 * Bluffton, Georgia
 * Bluffton, Indiana
 * Bluffton, Minnesota
 * Bluffton, Ohio
 * Bluffton University
 * Bluffton, Texas
 * Bluffton, South Carolina
 * Bluffton Township, Minnesota

Other

 * Bluffton Movement, 1844, South Carolina political group

title: Bluffton


text:
Bronson

Bronson may refer to:

People

 * Bronson (name)

Places in the United States

 * Bronson, Florida
 * Bronson, Iowa
 * Bronson, Kansas
 * Bronson, Michigan
 * Bronson, Texas
 * Bronson Township, Michigan
 * Bronson Township, Ohio
 * Lake Bronson, Minnesota

Other uses

 * Then Came Bronson, American TV series
 * Archie Bronson Outfit, an English blues-rock band
 * Bronson (film), a film based on the prisoner Michael Peterson's life
 * Bronson (group), a collaborative project between American DJs Odesza and Australian producer Golden Features
 * Their 2020 album of the same name

title: Bronson


text:
Talk:London Journal

Bosworth? You mean Boswell, don't you? P Ingerson 14:19, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sorry -- thanks for fixing that. --Arcadian 14:24, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

"Its popularity stems more from its sexual candor..."

 * I understand that the nature of something's popularity is not something easily empirically proven, but I would wonder what truth is in this? The work is an actual journal, and a snapshot of the literary world of London during the height of the 18th Century, as well as a compelling coming of age story.  Labelling it as an exciting sex romp seems to do it a grave disservice in my opinion.  Any thoughts? --Ryan Heuser 23:55, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I have gone ahead and changed the article, removing the above segment and the literature stub. If anyone feels differently, please feel free to discuss it here and/or edit what I have written. --Ryan Heuser 00:36, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:London Journal


text:
East Atlanta

East Atlanta is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The name East Atlanta Village primarily refers to the neighborhood's commercial district.

Geography
East Atlanta lies entirely within DeKalb County and is bounded by:

 * Interstate 20, Edgewood and Kirkwood to the north.
 * Moreland Avenue, and the neighborhoods of North Ormewood Park, Ormewood Park and Woodland Hills, to the west.
 * Parts of unincorporated DeKalb County, such as Gresham Park Candler-McAfee Decatur, share borders with East Atlanta to the south and east.

Early history
Prior to the arrival of American colonists, the area had been dominated by the Creek Native American people. The Sandtown-Flat Shoals Trail existed along high ground as part of a trade route system between the Chattahoochee River and the coast. This trail would eventually become Flat Shoals Avenue. After the forcible removal of the Creek in the 1820s, American citizens began acquiring land in the area through the Georgia land lotteries.

Civil War
During the Civil War, Atlanta became a major supply hub of the southern war effort and a major target of the northern war effort. Lemuel P. Grant designed the city's fortifications to protect his plantation on the eastside of the city in what is now Grant Park. General James B. McPherson placed his Yankee forces on high ground a mile east of Grant's plantation, the area today known as East Atlanta.

A Union cannon was placed at the intersection of Glenwood Avenue and Flat Shoals Road to protect the flank of the front line. The Confederate forces were able to attack from behind, however. The Battle of Atlanta, which was part of the Atlanta Campaign and sealed the fate of the Confederacy, was fought in East Atlanta behind Union lines resulting in more than 12,000 deaths. Today many historic markers dot the neighborhood including two upturned cannons where Confederate General Walker and Union General McPherson were killed.

Reconstruction Era
East Atlanta recovered after the Civil War, quickly becoming a developing unincorporated town. The Marbut and Minor Mercantile Store was soon established at the crossroads of Glenwood Avenue and Flat Shoals Road. By the late 1890s, the store had grown to encompass five different businesses including a dry goods store, feed and seed, blacksmith, livery stable, and grocery store. Asa Candler, Joel Hurt, Frederic Patterson, and Aaron Haas, founders of the Metropolitan Streetcar Company, developed the McPherson Park subdivision to provide ridership for their electric streetcar line and housing for new store clerks in the area.

20th Century
In 1905, lumber and railroad baron William Zuber built a large white columned frame mansion as a wedding present for his new bride on property that fronts Flat Shoals. The house is currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The East Atlanta Banking Company entered the East Atlanta community in 1911, moving into its new building at Flat Shoals and Glenwood - shaped like an old fashioned "flat iron". The building is now home to a bar (appropriately named "Flatiron"). A post office, a newspaper, a silent movie theatre and a carriage dealership were also added to the commercial district and Baptist and Methodist congregations in the area immediately began to grow.

The land to the south of Glenwood Avenue was owned by former Georgia Governor Joseph Emerson Brown. With Brown's support, a grid of streets was planned around a 13 acre public green space, a model for the "urban utopian living" that was being touted at the time. After 1915, in a series of votes, East Atlanta residents chose to be annexed into the city limits of Atlanta in order to gain access to fire protection and public education. Water and sewer service also enabled residents to enjoy indoor plumbing.

After World War II the undeveloped center of the neighborhood was subdivided and developed by the Williams brothers who were born and raised in East Atlanta and had built a lumber and concrete business nearby on Glenwood Avenue. As the residential area grew, nearby businesses prospered. The Madison Theatre talking picture show and a new public library were built with the help of public donations.

During the 1960s, East Atlanta was targeted by civil rights groups as an example of racial segregation of housing because members of the white-supremacy group Ku Klux Klan lived in an adjacent neighborhood. Under the protection of the Fair Housing Act, middle-class black families were assisted in efforts to purchase houses in the area. In response, many white families left the area, selling their homes for as low as $1,500 for a 3-bedroom home. Eventually, East Atlanta real estate was valued much lower than other areas of the city. The neighborhood's appearance and reputation suffered as a result. In 1981, the East Atlanta Community Association was founded to bolster a sense of community in the neighborhood.

21st Century
In 2005 East Atlanta acquired a new library building which is located at the corner of Flat Shoals and McPherson. That same year, the first phase of a public works project to enhance the pedestrian environment in the business district occurred. The result was much wider sidewalks and benches to sit on. In 2007 and 2008, the East Atlanta Village was voted "Best Neighborhood" in the city by readers of the Atlanta weekly newspaper Creative Loafing. Due to determined efforts by residents to improve their neighborhood and demand for affordable in-town housing, the average price of a house in East Atlanta has risen steadily since the late 1990s.

In 2017 the East Atlanta Community Association began efforts to include the neighborhood on the National Register of Historic Places.

Culture
In recent decades, East Atlanta has seen a rise of street art. Many of East Atlanta's murals were brought to the neighborhood by Living Walls and the Outerspace Project. Some of East Atlanta's murals are easily visible from the street, but an equal number of murals are hidden in back parking lots, alleyways and behind buildings. Images and locations of East Atlanta's murals are found on the Atlanta Street Art Map.

Events
East Atlanta hosts a number of popular annual events, including:
 * East Atlanta Strut - East Atlanta's free annual one day neighborhood festival, always on the third Saturday in September featuring a parade, food, live music, art, and events. The festival is held to highlight the businesses in East Atlanta Village as well as raise funds for schools, senior programs and Neighbor In Need East Atlanta. The Festival is run completely with Volunteers.
 * B*ATL - Neighborhood festival commemorating the anniversary of the Civil War's Battle of Atlanta, which was fought on July 22, 1864 on land that is now part of East Atlanta. Events include a period costume gala dinner and house tour; a 5K fun run; van and walking tours of neighborhood historic sites including Oakland Cemetery; Civil War Battle re-enactment featuring soldiers, live artillery, and civilian re-enactors; and historic music concerts.
 * East Atlanta Craft Beer Festival - Annual one day craft beer festival held the third weekend in May at Brownwood Park in East Atlanta, Georgia. Festival includes over 230 beers from all regions of the planet, music and food vendors. Produced by The East Atlanta Foundation, a 501c3 non profit, 100% of proceeds benefit local charities   via a grant process that serves the Atlanta Community.
 * East Atlanta Twilight Criterium - A day of bicycle races and events that takes place in East Atlanta Village and the surrounding residential streets every August.
 * EAV Farmers Market - A local non-profit farmers market each Thursday evening (4:00 to dark) from April through December.

Public schools
East Atlanta is in the Atlanta Public Schools System and nearby charter school alternatives are also available.

 * Burgess Peterson Academy - Elementary school in the Atlanta Public School system and part of the Maynard Jackson Cluster.
 * Atlanta Neighborhood Charter School
 * Wesley International Academy
 * Ronald E. McNair High School, a public 9-12 school in unincorporated DeKalb County sits immediately east of the Atlanta city limits on Bouldercrest Road

Private schools

 * Mohammed Schools, a private K-12 school in unincorporated DeKalb County.

Library
Atlanta–Fulton Public Library System operates the East Atlanta Branch.

title: East Atlanta


text:
User talk:Josh seipp

Re: Carl Chun/Vampire Squid
Hi Josh;

I got the colour version of the Vamyroteuthis illustration used at Vampire Squid from the Australian Government's National Oceans Office (source file here). Although it's the same size, perhaps someone there would know where a print quality copy could be obtained.

Before I found the colour version, I used this grayscale version from NOAA. Note that in this case there is a much higher resolution image available (1801x1269). With a little Photoshop/GIMPing, the grayscale version could be edited to approximate the colour version; the posterior most pair of finlets could be removed if desired (as they were in the colour version), since they represent an intermediate (subadult) form of the species. I could try to do this myself if your need is urgent, but it would take some time to do properly. (If I may ask, what do you plan to use the image for?)

While I'm here, I should welcome you to the project! That link is a good place to start learning about Wikipedia, its policies, and tutorials. (Normally someone would give you a copy/pasted boilerplate welcome message, but all the relevant info is contained within the welcome link.) One quick tip: It's customary to sign messages left on talk pages, which you can easily do by appending four tildes (~) to the end of your message, like this: ~. I hope the above was of help to you! -- Hadal 14:21, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Josh seipp


text:
Talk:Giovanni Trapattoni

# of championships
Tomislav Ivic definitely should be among those who have won league titles in at least 4 countries. The ref included also notes Bela Guttmann but his inclusion is debatable because either FIFA's research is terrible (which seems to absurd even for them) or the consider winning a league title being manager for any portion of a campaign that results in winning a title (as Guttmann was manager of AC Milan and Penarol in years they won league titles but was sacked before the end of the season in both cases). RMB1987 10:55, 3 May 2012 (UTC)

Turkey
He will be the new head coach of Turkey Böri (talk) 10:49, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

Profile Picture
Why does he look like Satan? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.107.81.208 (talk) 15:30, 2 December 2011 (UTC)
 * piss off, you chimp! 89.204.154.35 (talk) 22:37, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

controversially
Why is every loss of Italy "controversial". Right now the introduction reads like "they were controversially knocked out...then they were controversially knocked out .... then they were controversially knocked out." It leads very repetitive and somehow sounds like the others always cheated somehow and that this is the only reason they were knocked out. --92.224.56.161 (talk) 20:29, 14 June 2012 (UTC)

The elimination in the 2010 World Cup was with Ireland, not Italy. --Newblackwhite (talk) 12:36, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

And the others did cheat. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.45.77.91 (talk) 03:07, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061123140949/http://worldcup.espnsoccernet.com/story?id=217887&lang=us to http://worldcup.espnsoccernet.com/story?id=217887&lang=us
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090223211044/http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2008/1119/repofireland_poland.html to http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2008/1119/repofireland_poland.html
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2011/1115/ireland_estonia.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111116162302/http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2011/1115/ireland_estonia_reax_trapattonig.html to http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2011/1115/ireland_estonia_reax_trapattonig.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111130134126/http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2011/1129/trapattonig.html to http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2011/1129/trapattonig.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120219062448/http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2012/0217/hamann_trapattoni.html to http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2012/0217/hamann_trapattoni.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130912235349/http://www.thescore.ie/trapattoni-leaves-ireland-manager-1078729-Sep2013/ to http://www.thescore.ie/trapattoni-leaves-ireland-manager-1078729-Sep2013/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100814203754/http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2010/0811/ireland_trapattonig_tardellim.html to http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2010/0811/ireland_trapattonig_tardellim.html
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120115040253/http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/features/trapattonig.html to http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/features/trapattonig.html

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title: Talk:Giovanni Trapattoni


text:
Reactive

Reactive may refer to:

 * Generally, capable of having a reaction (disambiguation)
 * An adjective abbreviation denoting a bowling ball coverstock made of reactive resin
 * Reactivity (chemistry)
 * Reactive mind
 * Reactive programming

title: Reactive


text:
Cazenovia

Cazenovia may refer to:

People

 * Theophilus Cazenove, a financier and an agent of the Holland Land Company

Places

 * Cazenovia, Illinois
 * Cazenovia Township, Woodford County, Illinois
 * Cazenovia, Minnesota, a ghost town in Pipestone County
 * In New York:
 * Cazenovia (town), New York
 * Cazenovia (village), New York
 * Cazenovia College
 * Cazenovia Seminary
 * Cazenovia Village Historic District
 * Cazenovia Lake
 * Cazenovia Creek, a tributary of the Buffalo River
 * Cazenovia Park-South Park System, Frederick Law Olmsted-designed park system in south Buffalo, New York
 * Cazenovia Park Hockey Association, a youth hockey organization in south Buffalo, New York
 * Cazenovia, Wisconsin

title: Cazenovia


text:
User:Balrogofmoria

Italian wikipedian now also here. Loves Epic and Power Metal

title: User:Balrogofmoria


text:
Catskill

Catskill may refer to the following in the U.S. state of New York:

 * Catskill (town), New York, in Greene County
 * Catskill (village), New York, in the above town
 * Catskill Creek, a tributary of the Hudson River
 * Catskill Mountains
 * Catskill Park, a protected area in the Catskill Mountains
 * Bark mill, also known as Catskill's mill

title: Catskill


text:
Aniello Dellacroce

Aniello John "Neil" Dellacroce (March 15, 1914 – December 2, 1985) was an American mobster and underboss of the Gambino crime family of New York City. He rose to the position of underboss when Carlo Gambino moved Joseph Biondo aside. Dellacroce was a mentor to future Gambino boss John Gotti.

Early life
Dellacroce was born on March 15, 1914, in New York City to Francesco and Antoinette Dellacroce, first generation immigrants from Italy. He grew up in the Little Italy section of Manhattan. His nickname "Neil" was an Americanization of "Aniello". Dellacroce had one brother, Carmine. Aniello was married to Lucille Riccardi. They had four children.

As a teenager, Dellacroce became a butcher's assistant, but work was scarce and he took to crime. He was jailed once for petty theft. Dellacroce sometimes walked around Manhattan dressed as a priest and called himself "Father O'Neil" to confuse both the police and rival mobsters. Dellacroce allegedly committed a murder dressed as a priest. He also allegedly used a body double for some public events.

Aniello Dellacroce, which in Italian means "little lamb of the cross", took pleasure in killing people. "He likes to peer into a victim's face, like some kind of dark angel, at the moment of death", according to a federal agent familiar with Dellacroce.

Career
In the late 1930s, Dellacroce joined the Mangano crime family, forerunner of the Gambino family, and soon became involved with underboss Albert Anastasia. After the disappearance of longtime boss Vincent Mangano, Anastasia became family boss and promoted Dellacroce to capo. Due to his square-shaped face, some Gambino members nicknamed him "the Polack", a nickname never used within his earshot.

Dellacroce later became mentor to John Gotti. Dellacroce bought the Ravenite Social Club in Little Italy, which soon became a popular Gambino social club and Dellacroce's headquarters. On October 25, 1957, gunmen murdered Anastasia in a Manhattan hotel barbershop. Carlo Gambino took over the family.

In 1965, Gambino removed the aging Joseph Biondo from his underboss position and appointed Dellacroce to replace him.

According to records from the Knapp Commission, which investigated police corruption in a number of industries beginning in 1970, Dellacroce and other mobsters were involved in after-hours bars that catered to homosexuals in the West Village, Manhattan.

In 1971, Dellacroce was sentenced to one year in state prison on contempt charges for refusing to answer grand jury questions about organized crime. On May 2, 1972, Dellacroce was indicted on federal tax evasion charges. In return for labor peace, the Yankee Plastics Company of New York gave Dellacroce 22,500 stock shares worth $112,500. He was indicted on a failure to pay federal income tax on these stocks. In March 1973, Dellacroce was convicted of tax evasion and sentenced to five years in prison and fined $15,000.

On October 15, 1976, Carlo Gambino died at home of natural causes. Against expectations, he had appointed Paul Castellano to succeed him over his underboss Dellacroce. Gambino appeared to believe that his crime family would benefit from Castellano's focus on white collar businesses. Dellacroce, at the time, was imprisoned for tax evasion and was unable to contest Castellano's succession.

Castellano's succession was confirmed at a meeting on November 24, with Dellacroce present. Castellano arranged for Dellacroce to remain as underboss while directly running traditional Cosa Nostra activities such as extortion, robbery, and loansharking. While Dellacroce accepted Castellano's succession, the deal effectively split the Gambino family into two rival factions.

In 1979, he along with Anthony Plate, were arrested for the 1974 murder of a New York City bookmaker named Charles Calise. The FBI believed Dellacroce had ordered Plate to murder Calise because he was an informant. While on trial, Plate disappeared. The case ended in a mistrial.

On February 25, 1985, Dellacroce was indicted along with the leaders of the other New York Five Families as part of the Mafia Commission Trial. On March 28, 1985, Dellacroce, along with his son Armand and eight others, was indicted on federal racketeering charges regarding the activities of two crews in New York and Long Island. In June 1985, a Doonesbury comic featuring Frank Sinatra and Dellacroce together, and saying that Dellacroce was charged with the murder of Calise resulted in many papers not running the comic strip. On July 1, 1985, Dellacroce and the other New York Mafia leaders, pleaded not guilty to a second set of racketeering charges as part of the trial.

Death
On December 2, 1985, Dellacroce died of cancer, aged 71, at Mary Immaculate Hospital in Queens.

Posthumous
After Dellacroce's death in 1985, Castellano revised his succession plan, appointing Thomas Bilotti as underboss and making plans to break up Gotti's crew. Infuriated by both this and Castellano's failure to attend Dellacroce's wake, Gotti resolved to kill his boss.

A planned meeting of Castellano with other Gambino mobsters at Sparks Steak House on December 16, 1985 was chosen by Gotti as the opportunity to have him killed. When the boss and underboss arrived that evening, they were ambushed and shot dead by assassins under Gotti's command. Gotti watched the hit from his car with Sammy Gravano.

In April 1988, Dellacroce's son, Armond, died while hiding in the Pocono Mountains of Pennsylvania. He had been convicted of racketeering and had failed to appear for sentencing in March. The cause of death was listed as cirrhosis and a cocaine overdose.

In the TV movie Getting Gotti (1994), Dellacroce is portrayed by Peter Boretski. In the TV movie Gotti (1996), Dellacroce is portrayed by Anthony Quinn. In the TV movie Boss of Bosses (2001), he is portrayed by Dayton Callie. Stacy Keach portrays Dellacroce in the John Gotti biopic Gotti (2018), directed by Kevin Connolly and starring John Travolta as Gotti. In perhaps the film's most memorable scene, Keach as Dellacroce teaches Travolta's Gotti the names of the five boroughs of New York City. In the 2018 television series Kingpin (2018), Dellacroce is portrayed by Ralph Bracco.

title: Aniello Dellacroce


text:
User:Matthewprc

First edit with this account was on August 14, 2004. Started using Wikipedia on 2002

User:Matthewprc/Userboxes User:Matthewprc/Chemistry

Contributions/Mga Ibinahagi/Contribuciones/Contribuições/捐助/piáu-sī-mih
Articles/Templates I created or made majority contributions: (Mostly in the field of Zoology, Psychology, Philippine and Southeast Asian Geography, Linguistics, and Culture)

Anatomy

 * Masseter
 * Great muscles of the head
 * Abdominal muscles
 * Cat Anatomy
 * Deeper muscles of the neck and back
 * Multifidus Spinae
 * Trapezius muscles
 * Trapezius
 * Sacrospinalis
 * A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
 * Bidder's organ
 * Frog dissection
 * Comparative vertebrate anatomy
 * Zoology
 * Garpike
 * Spiney Dogfish

Anthropology

 * Eve hypothesis

Philippine and Asian Ethnicity

 * Ethnic groups of the Philippines
 * Ilocano people
 * Kapampangan people
 * Sambal people
 * Cordillerano
 * Tagalog people
 * Bicolano people
 * Romblomanon people
 * Masbatenyo people
 * Cebuano people
 * Waray people
 * Hiligaynon people
 * Ethnic groups of Palawan
 * Ethnic groups of Mindanao
 * Tausug people
 * Surigaonon people
 * Butuanon people
 * Filipino Chinese
 * Tornatras
 * South Asians in the Philippines
 * Indonesians in the Philippines
 * Europeans in the Philippines
 * Arabs in the Philippines
 * Americans in the Philippines
 * Asian
 * Chamorro
 * Mestizo
 * Filipino Mestizo

Biochemistry

 * Barfoed's test
 * Molisch's test

Filipino cuisine

 * Bihon
 * Filipino cuisine
 * Misua

Geographic localities

 * Several edits in many Philippine regions, provinces, cities, and municipalities
 * Metro Manila
 * Manila
 * Philippines
 * Santa Mesa, Manila
 * Luzon
 * Major Roads of the Philippines
 * Batanes
 * Gumaca, Quezon
 * Pinagbanderahan
 * Spratly Islands
 * Dingalan, Aurora
 * Umiray River
 * Bashi Channel
 * Gabaldon, Nueva Ecija
 * Cainta, Rizal
 * Teresa, Rizal
 * Bacolor, Pampanga
 * Scarborough Shoal
 * Batan Island
 * Mount Mirador
 * Lake Caliraya
 * Cordillera
 * Atimonan, Quezon
 * Austronesia
 * Timor-Leste (demographics)
 * Southeast Asia
 * Quezon National Forest Park
 * Pagbilao, Quezon
 * Real, Quezon
 * Quezon City
 * Baguio City (history)
 * Spanish East Indies

Filipino Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology

 * Culture of the Philippines
 * Philippine Society
 * Hispanic culture in the Philippines (few edits)
 * Philippine Psychology
 * Philippine Mythology
 * Bangungot
 * Usog
 * Kulam
 * Lihi

General Philippine Information

 * Demographics of the Philippines
 * Economy of the Philippines
 * Executive Departments of the Philippines
 * Presidents of the Philippines
 * Religion in the Philippines
 * History of the Philippines
 * Holidays in the Philippines
 * Languages of the Philippines
 * Politics of the Philippines
 * Philippine peso
 * Philippine American War

Religion and Religious Holidays

 * Christ's Commission Fellowship
 * Christmas
 * Christmas Eve

Languages and Linguistics

 * Lan-nang
 * Official language
 * National language
 * Filipino language
 * Chinese language
 * Nahuatl
 * Chabacano language
 * Spanish creole
 * Tagalog language
 * Tagalog loanwords

Biopsychology

 * Reticular formation
 * Psychophysics
 * Sensation

Personalities

 * Manuel Roxas
 * Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.
 * Bayani Fernando
 * Corazon Aquino
 * Ferdinand Marcos
 * Zobel de Ayalas
 * Gideon
 * Susan Roces
 * Akahi Nui
 * Libbie Hyman
 * Carlos P. Romulo

Schools and Universities

 * La Salle Greenhills
 * Xavier School
 * De La Salle University
 * Colleges of De La Salle University
 * Business Management
 * Dean's List
 * Ateneo de Manila University
 * Light Christian Academy
 * University of Asia and the Pacific
 * Accelerated Christian Education
 * Grace Christian Academy
 * Jubilee Christian Academy
 * MGC-New Life Christian Academy
 * St. Stephen's High School

Other Articles

 * Periplus Series

Templates

 * Template:Infobox Philippine city
 * Template:Infobox Luzon Municipality
 * Template:Metro Manila
 * Template:Demographics of the Philippines
 * Template:Infobox Lakes of the Philippines

Images
Italiziced images are drawn from Skyscraper.com forums
 * Image:387733.jpg
 * Image:9c6f7e35.jpg
 * Image:Ayala Avenue.jpg
 * Image:Bayview34kq.jpg
 * Image:D072dbac.jpg
 * Image:F9aebf76.jpg
 * Image:Light Christian Academy.jpg
 * ''Image:Meralco Avenue, Ortigas Ctr.jpg
 * Image:MetroManilaComplete.JPG
 * ''Image:San Miguel Plaza, Ortigas Ctr..jpg
 * Image:Philippines_Islands.JPG
 * Image:Dumaguete.jpg

Plans/Mga Plano/Planos/Projets/方法/hoat-tō
Articles I plan to add/edit:

 * Application of Freudian Psychology to Children and Adolescents, Frontal Lobal gyri and sulci, Temporal Lobal gyri and sulci, Parietal Lobal gyri and sulci, Occipital gyri and sulci

Online Professional Organizations

 * Asiafinest Cultural Forums [www.asiafinest.com]
 * Austronesian Languages Discussion Group
 * Evopsychology Discussion Group *Philippine Languages Discussion Group
 * Skyscrapercity [www.skyscrapercity.com]

title: User:Matthewprc


text:
Romanian Democratic Convention

The Romanian Democratic Convention (Convenția Democrată Română or Convenția Democratică Română; abbreviated CDR) was an electoral alliance of several democratic, anti-communist, anti-totalitarian, and centre-right political parties in Romania, active from 1991 until 2000. The most prominent leaders of the CDR throughout the 1990s were by far Corneliu Coposu, Ion Rațiu, and Ion Diaconescu, all three members of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD) - successor and political heir to the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ), active in the Kingdom of Romania between 1926 and 1948).

The name of the CDR was coined by Sergiu Cunescu, the leader of the Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR), as stated in an interview during the 1990s by former PNL re-founding president Radu Câmpeanu at Marius Tucă Show by talk show journalist Marius Tucă. An additional minor leader of the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) was lawyer and MP Niculae Cerveni (who founded PNL-CD in 1992 and subsequently ran for president on behalf of PLDR in 2000).

Political composition
The core members of the CDR included the following political parties:

 * Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD): (1991–2001);
 * Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER): (1991–2001);
 * Romanian Ecologist Party (PER): (1991–2000);
 * Civic Alliance Party (PAC): (1991–1995);
 * Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSDR): (1991–1995);
 * Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ): (1991–1992, 1992–1995);
 * National Liberal Party (PNL): (1991–1992, 1993–1999);
 * National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention (PNL-CD): (1992–1997);
 * National Liberal Party-Youth Wing (PNL-AT): (1992–1993);
 * Liberal Party '93 (PL ’93): (1993–1995);
 * Union of Right-leaning Forces (PAR, then UFD): 1996–2001;
 * National Christian Democratic Alliance (ANCD): (1999–2001);
 * The Moldavians' Party (PM): (1999–2001).

Eventually, some parties left (more specifically, the main faction of the PNL between 1992 and 1996, as well as the PAC, PSDR, and UDMR/RMDSZ in 1995), while other minor parties joined or were created between mergers within the alliance such as the Liberal Party '93 (PL '93) or the Union of Right-leaning Forces (UFD).

1991–1992: Foundation
CDR was founded in 1991, one year before the 1992 elections, mainly by the PNȚCD and the National Liberal Party (PNL). In addition, aside from the aforementioned political forces, several other noteworthy civic and cultural organisations, foundations, and other minor political parties were involved in the foundational process.

Initially, the planned name of the CDR was "The National Convention for Democracy Implementation" (Convenţia Națională pentru Implementarea Democrației). Subsequently, the main purpose of the CDR was to amount an effective opposition against the then all-dominating National Salvation Front (FSN), a huge parliamentary bloc made up mostly of former second and third rank members of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), which assumed leadership of the country shortly after the 1989 Revolution. According to a later interview by Emil Constantinescu, the former President of Romania claimed that the FSN was actually made of former first rank members of the PCR.

1992–1996: Opposition
For the period 1992–1996, CDR was the main political opposition force in the Parliament of Romania and in the local administration as well. Although the convention won the capital city of Bucharest and much of the larger urban centres at the 1992 local elections, FSN swept over almost all rural areas and small towns.

The alliance also included the UDMR/RMDSZ, which ran on a separate list, and a number of minor parties and civic organisations that failed to gain parliamentary representation: the Democratic Unity Party, the Christian Democratic Union, the Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER), the Civic Alliance (PAC), and others. Prior to the 1992 general elections, the PNL led by Radu Câmpeanu withdrew from the CDR.

At the 1992 general elections, Emil Constantinescu was the presidential candidate of the convention. He managed to qualify in the second round where he finished second with an electoral score of 38.57% (or 4,641,207 votes).

1996–2000: Government
In 1993, the PNL led by Mircea Ionescu-Quintus returned within the CDR. Subsequently, the CDR managed to win the 1996 Romanian elections, and the alliance's presidential candidate, once again Emil Constantinescu, became president with 54.41% (or 7,057,906 votes). The 1996 Romanian general election represented the first peaceful transition of power in the democratic history of Romania after the fall of Communism.

For the period 1996–2000, the CDR formed a grand coalition with the Social Democratic Union (an alliance between the Democratic Party and PSDR) and the UDMR/RMDSZ (Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania). At governing level, this grand coalition resulted in the Ciorbea Cabinet (1996–1998), Vasile Cabinet (1998–1999), and Isărescu Cabinet (1999–2000).

2000–2004: CDR 2000 and extra-parliamentary opposition
Due to internal frictions within the alliance (as well as given the somewhat inconsistent and turbulent governing from 1996 to 2000), the PNL decided to withdraw from the CDR prior to the 2000 general elections. Nonetheless, PNȚCD and other parties ran on the CDR 2000 common list for these elections. The alliance did not manage to score the same positive results as it did during the 1990s and, consequently, shortly disbanded since it did not pass the electoral threshold. However, it expressed extra-parliamentary opposition between 2000 and 2004 towards the minority PDSR government led by Adrian Năstase.

Presidents and notable leaders

 * Corneliu Coposu (PNȚCD, early to mid 1990s);
 * Ion Rațiu (PNȚCD, early 1990s);
 * Ion Diaconescu (PNȚCD, early to late 1990s);
 * Emil Constantinescu (PNȚCD, late 1990s);
 * Radu Câmpeanu (PNL, only during the early 1990s);
 * Mircea Ionescu-Quintus (PNL, mid to late 1990s);
 * Niculae Cerveni (PNL, early 1990s, PNL-CD early to late 1990s);
 * Géza Domokos (UDMR/RMDSZ, early 1990s);
 * György Frunda (UDMR/RMDSZ, mid 1990s to late 1990s);
 * Sergiu Cunescu (PSDR, early to mid 1990s);
 * Otto Weber (PER, early to late 1990s);
 * Marcian Bleahu (FER, early to late 1990s).

As of mid 2023, of all the aforementioned leaders of the CDR, only Constantinescu and Frunda are still alive.

Legislative elections
Notes:

1 CDR members in 1992: PNȚCD (21 senators and 41 deputies), PAC (7 senators and 13 deputies), PNL-AT (1 senator and 11 deputies), PSDR (1 senator and 10 deputies), PNL-CD (4 senators and 3 deputies), and PER (no senators and 4 deputies).

2 CDR members in 1996: PNȚCD (25 senators and 81 deputies), PNL (22 senators and 28 deputies), PNL-CD (1 senator and 4 deputies), PAR (3 senators and 3 deputies), PER (1 senator and 5 deputies), and Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER - 1 senator and 1 deputy).

3 CDR 2000 members: PNȚCD, UFD, Ecologist Federation of Romania (FER), National Christian Democratic Alliance (ANCD), and The Moldavians Party (PM).

Presidential elections
Notes:

1 Emil Constantinescu was the common centre-right candidate who was endorsed by the PNȚCD both in 1992 and 1996 as part of the CDR.

2 Mugur Isărescu was endorsed by the PNȚCD at the 2000 elections as part of the re-named CDR 2000 alliance.

title: Romanian Democratic Convention


text: User talk:4.241.218.228

title: User talk:4.241.218.228