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Reichenbach an der Fils

Reichenbach an der Fils is a town in the Esslingen district in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

Geographical Location
The municipality of Reichenbach an der Fils is approximately 12 km (as the crow flies) east-southeast of the district town of Esslingen and about 25 km in the same direction from the state capital, Stuttgart. It is situated on the Fils River, which flows westward here, with the Reichenbach coming from the north, the Lützelbach from the northwest, and subsequently the Talbach from the southeast. The municipal area is predominantly located to the right of the river; its northern part belongs to the Schurwald subarea of the Schurwald and Welzheimer Wald natural region, while its smaller southern part along the river course belongs to the foothills of the central Swabian Alb. The lowest point at approximately 253 meters above sea level is at the outlet of the Fils, while the highest point, the Probst forested hill, reaches up to 446 meters above sea level in the northeast.

Municipal Divisions
Apart from the village of Reichenbach, the municipality of Reichenbach an der Fils includes no other settlements. Within the municipality's area lie the vanished localities of Bornhausen or Bernhausen, Geroldsweiler or Gerensweiler, and Knollenhof.

Neighboring Municipalities
The municipality of Reichenbach an der Fils borders the following municipalities: the municipality of Hochdorf to the south, the town of Plochingen to the west, the municipalities of Baltmannsweiler to the northwest and Lichtenwald to the northeast, all of which are also in the district of Esslingen, as well as the town of Ebersbach an der Fils to the east in the district of Göppingen.

From the Stone Age to the Middle Ages
Traces of people from the Middle Stone Age (12,000–5000 BC) have been found on the heights of the Fils Valley, as well as on the terrain north of the Siegenhof.

Reichenbach an der Fils was first mentioned in a document in the year 1268. However, like many places, the exact time of birth remains in the darkness of history. The founding period of the village can be deduced from field names and compared with neighboring villages, likely between the 9th and 11th centuries. Thus, Reichenbach was a village in the Duchy of Swabia. Wilhelm Böhringer and Gustav Wohlbold, both former educators at the local elementary school, have researched state and church archives in the past and found the place mentioned for the first time in connection with a dispute between two noblewomen as "Marquardus plebanus de Richenbach," recorded as a witness on a document from the year 1268.

The name of the village has nothing to do with wealth. Rather, it is named after the stream flowing through the municipality. To prevent confusion with municipalities of the same name, the designation "Reichenbach an der Fils" was introduced in 1906. At the end of the 13th century, Reichenbach came under the sovereignty of the Lords of Württemberg, after the Staufers and then the Dukes of Teck had previously held sway. In 1299, Duke Hermann of Teck relinquished all ownership and sovereignty claims in Reichenbach to Württemberg.

Development in the Early Modern Period
In 1534, the Protestant Duke Ulrich ordered that Württemberg, and therefore Reichenbach, should henceforth be Protestant according to the principle of "cuius regio, eius religio." Originally, Reichenbach belonged to the district in Kirchheim, from 1485 to the district in Göppingen. The community developed slowly. During the recurring periods of war from the 16th to the 19th centuries, when Spanish, Swedish, Austrian, and especially French troops marched through the Fils Valley for nearly 300 years, Reichenbach became a battlefield through occupations, plundering, and combat. Even Napoleon traveled through the village in 1806.

After once having 600 inhabitants, Reichenbach was almost depopulated after the Thirty Years' War and numbered only about 50 residents. It was one of the most devastated villages in the district of Göppingen. It took 180 years for the village to recover from this dire time. Only at the beginning of the 19th century did noticeable migrations occur. In the economic history of the early Duchy of Württemberg, Reichenbach had long functioned as a mining town. Already in the 15th century, the Württemberg counts and later dukes had copper and manganese ores mined at Asang and in the Lützelbachtal, from which colors were obtained. In 1457, a coal mine was established in the direction of Baltmannsweiler. Not only were there occasional small coal seams in the sandstone, but also traces of gold and silver. At times, more than six adits were in operation. In 1561, a smelter was built, but mining was discontinued in 1739 due to insufficient output.

After the Establishment of the Kingdom of Württemberg
In the implementation of the new administrative structure in the Kingdom of Württemberg, founded in 1806, Reichenbach remained assigned to the district of Göppingen. The upswing of Reichenbach coincides with industrialization. The opening of the Filstalbahn railway in 1847 was of great importance, as this made Reichenbach a railway station and provided access to the network of the Württemberg Railway and the regional transportation routes. The establishment of the Heinrich Otto cotton spinning and weaving mill in 1879 brought further growth.

Since the 20th Century
The administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg in 1938 led to Reichenbach being assigned to the district of Esslingen. After World War II, Reichenbach belonged to the state of Württemberg-Baden in the American occupation zone. With the founding of Baden-Württemberg in 1952, Reichenbach became part of the present-day federal state.

Religions
Since Duke Ulrich introduced the Reformation in 1534, Reichenbach has been predominantly Protestant. The Protestant overall parish of Reichenbach belongs to the Esslingen district of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg. After World War II, a Roman Catholic community was established again. The Catholic Church of St. Michael was built in 1954 and provided with its own parish in 1959. Today, the parish belongs to the pastoral unit Neckar-Fils in the Esslingen-Nürtingen deanery of the Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Additionally, there is a New Apostolic congregation in Reichenbach.

Population Development
Source: Statistisches Landesamt B-W.

Municipal Council
The municipal council in Reichenbach consists of 18 members. It comprises elected honorary municipal councillors and the mayor as chairman. The mayor has voting rights in the municipal council. The local elections on 26 May 2019 resulted in the following outcome:

Coat of Arms
Blazon: "Under a golden chief charged with a stag's attire, Gules a plowshare argent."

The earliest evidence for the old village coat of arms is a coat of arms stone from 1588 at the town hall in Reichenbach, which shows it alongside the shield of the then responsible administrative city of Göppingen. With the stag's attire as a symbol of Württemberg's territorial sovereignty in the chief, a plowshare is connected, which was a popular rural symbol and is documented on Reichenbach boundary stones in 1685 as a marker; undoubtedly, it is older than the depiction from 1588. The current coat of arms design is attested in newer municipal seals and has been in use with the now customary colors since 1930.

Flag
The municipal flag is red-yellow (1966).

Municipal Partnerships
There is a municipal partnership between the municipality of Reichenbach an der Fils and the French city of Sainte-Savine.

Economy and Infrastructure
The municipality suffered greatly due to economic changes in the 1990s. At the beginning of the decade, the Otto company closed in Reichenbach. The Traub Drehmaschinen GmbH & Co. KG (after whose founder the Hermann-Traub-Stadium of VfB Reichenbach is named) has been a subsidiary of the Esslingen INDEX-Werke since 1997, which at that time led to massive job cuts. Other companies include the corrugated board manufacturer Seyfert GmbH, the transport and logistics company Kraftverkehr Nagel Kurt Nagel GmbH & Co., the electrical appliance manufacturer Electrostar, the plastics processor Oskar Voltz GmbH, as well as other medium-sized and small companies.

Transport
The four-lane Bundesstrasse 10, a heavily traveled road in southern Germany, runs through Reichenbach. There are also cross-connections via Baltmannsweiler or Lichtenwald into the Rems Valley, as well as the road via Hochdorf and Notzingen to Kirchheim unter Teck. Stuttgart can be reached by car via the B 10 in about 25 minutes, and Stuttgart Airport is also about a 25 minute drive. Since 1847, the railroad has been running through Reichenbach. It is the heavily traveled Fils Valley Railway from Stuttgart to Ulm, on which the ICE and TGV also run. The Reichenbach train station building was renovated in the fall of 2006. Today, there is a restaurant in the building, and it is also a residential building. The stop is served every half hour by metropolitan express trains between 5 a.m. and 1 a.m. There are also bus connections towards Lichtenwald and Schorndorf, towards Hochdorf and Kirchheim unter Teck, as well as to Plochingen. The local bus serves the districts of Risshalde and Siegenberg. A significant traffic structure is the Sainte-Savine Bridge, named after Reichenbach's partner municipality Sainte Savine in France. It opens up the Voralb area and provides connections to the outdoor pool and the stadium. Shortly after the railway underpass comes the Fils Bridge, which was built in 1877. Until 2007, there was also a small shunting area with a rail connection to the aforementioned corrugated board factory. However, the rail facilities were completely removed during the 2007 renovation work. Since there is no longer an operational switch at the Reichenbach station due to the decommissioned rail connection, the station was downgraded to a stop in the fall of 2009. There is also the Otto Munz footbridge for pedestrians and cyclists. It spans the railway tracks, Filsstrasse, the B 10 expressway, and the Fils River, facilitating access to the outdoor pool and stadium. The neighboring municipalities of Plochingen and Ebersbach can be reached by train, while the other municipalities can be reached by bus.

Educational Institutions
In addition to a secondary school (Realschule), Reichenbach also has the Lützelbachschule, which is a primary and secondary modern school (Grund- und Hauptschule). The Brunnenschule, which was a pure primary school, was dissolved. The branch of the Marquardschule Plochingen, a special needs school, rounds out the educational offerings. A school in Reichenbach was first mentioned in 1580. However, in the 16th and 17th centuries, children attended school only during the winter. A summer school met with resistance from the population because the children had to do fieldwork, even though compulsory education had existed since 1649. An energetic teacher is said to have achieved at least having classes on Tuesdays and Fridays during the summer. It was not until 1735 that schooling became year-round. The first school building was a structure built in 1738 on Kirchstraße, which no longer exists today. In 1825, the community built a new school building on Schulstraße, and in 1897, the eastern half of the Brunnenschule was constructed. The western section of the former elementary school (Volksschule) was built in 1912. In 1953, the first buildings of the Lützelbachschule were constructed in Brühl, which was a major financial challenge for the community. A gymnasium and sports field were added five years later. The building for the secondary school (Realschule) was built in 1976. Students from the secondary modern school (Hauptschule) and secondary school from Hochdorf and Lichtenwald are also taught at this educational center. The local library, with more than 22,000 books as well as cassettes, DVDs, and videos, is also housed in the secondary school building.

The first kindergarten was established in 1844 on Kirchstraße but probably did not open year-round until the end of the 19th century. However, only children who were still too young for fieldwork were brought to the "Kenderschüle." Today, there are eight kindergartens in Reichenbach: Robert-Schöttle-Kindergarten, Oskar-Voltz-Kindergarten, Siegenberg-Kindergarten, Michaelis-Kindergarten, Steinäcker-Kindergarten, Clärchen-Seyfert-Kindergarten, a forest kindergarten, and the Mini-Kindi in the town hall.

Sports
The soccer department of VfB Reichenbach currently plays in the Kreisliga A, while the now-dissolved chess department was one of the most successful in the district. The largest sports club in the town is TV Reichenbach with the following departments: competitive gymnastics, general gymnastics, children's sports, health sports, athletics, handball, table tennis, volleyball, fistball, and "Ballermänner" (a traditional game). The lifeguards of the local DLRG group Reichenbach/Fils are also extremely successful nationwide, both in the youth (especially the female swimmers) and senior categories, and hold several German championships in lifesaving.

There is also the RSV Reichenbach with the sports of mountain biking, recreational sports, and radball (a form of cycling polo).

The Reichenbacher Schützengilde e.V. practices shooting sports according to the rules of the German Shooting Sport Federation in the Lützelbachtal valley. In the indoor shooting ranges, rifle and pistol shooting take place at 10m, 25m and 50m in all DSB disciplines.

Culture and Sights
Since 1983, the cultural initiative die halle in the former beer cellar has regularly offered concerts, cabaret, readings and parties.

Evangelical Mauritius Church
The tower of the Mauritius Church dates from 1522. The sandstone for its construction was quarried in the Lützelbach valley. Since the church interior had become too small, the church was expanded in the Art Nouveau style from 1905 to 1907 according to designs by the Stuttgart architects Richard Böklen and Carl Feil. Today it has almost 1,000 seats. In 1982, the organ with its Art Nouveau facade was expensively renovated. In 1997, the church interior underwent a thorough renovation; at the same time, the somewhat unsuccessful changes of the 1954 renovation were removed and the church was restored to its original state. Today, the Mauritius Church is one of the few Art Nouveau churches in southwestern Germany. The Mauritius Church with the rectory, the church forecourt with fountain and the cemetery behind it form an ensemble that is under monument protection.

Catholic Church of St. Michael
Until the Reformation, Reichenbach was Catholic, but when Duke Ulrich joined the Reformation in 1534, his subjects also became Protestant. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that Reichenbach again had a significant number of Catholics, and by around 1950 - also due to the influx of expellees and refugees from the World War II - a third of the inhabitants were Catholic. In 1953, construction of the Catholic church began. On 4 December 1954, Bishop Carl Joseph Leiprecht consecrated the church to the Holy Archangel Michael. It was renovated in 1988. Today the church has space for about 550 visitors. In addition, since 1962 five bells have been ringing, which could be bought through donations.

Evangelical Siegenberg Church
In May 1961, the wandering church was built as a wooden barrack. This provisional solution became necessary because the Siegenberg settlement was growing rapidly and already had 2,000 inhabitants. A few years later, a church building association collected donations, bought a building plot, started construction work and consecrated the church on Harvest Thanksgiving Day 1965. The church, furnished with a lot of natural wood, houses a church room with 150 seats under its roof, a parish hall separated from the church room by a folding wall, and two youth rooms.

New Apostolic Church
This Christian faith group had ten members in Reichenbach in 1921, and a year later held its first service. Until 1934, they had a room on Stuttgarter Strasse and then moved to Baltmannsweiler Strasse. When there were 60 members, it also became too cramped there, and the decision was made to build a church. This was consecrated on 27 October 1956. The property on Paulinenstrasse was renovated in 1988 and 1989. Meanwhile, the congregation has 120 members.

Town Halls
It is not known when the first town hall in Reichenbach was built, although it was probably around 1590. Its location was near the Fils River, which then still had its old course and followed today's Seestrasse (the riverbed was moved 800 meters to the south in 1696). There are reports from 1739 that the town hall was in a miserable condition and could only be entered at risk of life. But it took eight years before a new building could be decided upon. In 1751, a new town hall was completed, which was again too small and in need of repair by 1823; it was thoroughly renovated and expanded.

Although the building had again been much too small since 1900, people made do with finishing the attic. In 1959, the municipal council decided on a new building, construction of which began on 4 September 1961. The new building was inaugurated on 29 May 1964. The old town hall was demolished, as the Südwestbank wanted to build on this site. The bells of the old town hall can be found again in the entrance area of the new building; the tower clock now strikes in the Brunnenschule.

Cinemas
In the mid-20th century, the community had three cinemas. The "Central-Lichtspiele" opened in 1953. Also in 1953, the "Neue Filmtheater" opened on Wilhelmstrasse. In addition to the two permanent cinemas, there was a traveling cinema that was a guest on weekends in the hall of the gymnastics club. The last cinema closed its doors on Wilhelmstrasse in 1968.

Spots halls
The hall built by the gymnastics club in 1907 next to the railway lines served as a gymnasium and event hall for almost 70 years due to the lack of a larger event space. When Federal Highway 10 was built, the building was demolished. The new Brühlhalle was inaugurated on 15 May 1982. The construction costs amounted to about 10 million German marks.

Outdoor Pool
The outdoor pool opened on 29 May 1976. On this occasion, the then Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Minister for Research and Technology and later Federal Transport Minister Volker Hauff presented a check, and Mayor Richard Seeger jumped into the water from the diving tower in a tailcoat and top hat. Over 5 million bathers passed through the turnstiles in 25 years. As early as 1951, there was an outdoor pool located near the Fils defense system and the factory canal of the Otto Spinning Mill. This island pool was closed due to the construction of Federal Highway 10.

Russian Cemetery
During the World War II, there was a camp for Russian forced laborers near the Reichenbach train station. According to various sources, between 600 and 1,900 people lived there who had to work in the workshops of the German Reichsbahn. Eleven of the forced laborers who died during their captivity were buried in the municipal cemetery, and another 28, including 15 infants, in their own cemetery on the edge of the community.

Famous people

 * Diem Brown (1982–2014) possibly born in Reichenbach an der Fils, as this Reichenbach is the largest one with this name in the former West Germany and very few Americans would live in East Germany in the 1980s as it was communist country. http://www.tmz.com/person/diem-brown/
 * Karl Brönnle (1879–1952), Reichsbahnrat, Member of Landtag (KPD)
 * Wolfgang Frank (1951–2013), football player and -trainer
 * Sabine Fohler (born 1963), politician (SPD), former Member of Landtag

Sites of interest

 * Brunnengasse
 * Mauritiuskirche

title: Reichenbach an der Fils


text: Category:276 BC

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:276 BC


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Toma Rosandić

Toma Rosandić (Тома Росандић; baptized as Tomaso Vincenzo, 22 January 1878 – 1 March 1958) was a Serbian and Yugoslav sculptor, architect and fine arts pedagog. Together with Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), he was the most prominent of Yugoslav sculptors of his day.

Biography
Rosandić was born in the Dalmatian city of Split, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary, the son of a stoneworker. The family name, Rosandić originates from Cetinska Krajina, in the Dalmatian Hinterlands. During the early years in Split, Rosandić learnt to carve in wood as well as stone and was much inspired by the younger Meštrović who had moved there from Otavice. Both sculptors studied overseas before returning to Split, Rosandić touring Italy and exhibiting in Milan in 1906 and Belgrade in 1912.

He exhibited his artworks as a part of Kingdom of Serbia's pavilion at International Exhibition of Art of 1911.

Something of their parallel development and underlying rivalry can be understood from their respective projects to combine sculpture and architecture. Both constructed a mausoleum, Rosandić for the Petrinović family (Supetar, on the island of Brač off Split) and Meštrović to the Račić family (Cavtat, south of Dubrovnik). Each exhibit the influence of Dalmatian history, but while Meštrović's mausoleum is based on the principle of simplicity, Rosandić richly ornamented his building with a blend of Gothic and Renaissance motifs to express a more national character.

With the outbreak of World War I, Rosandić left for London where he exhibited at the Grafton Galleries in 1917 and later in Brighton and Edinburgh. During World War II, Rosandić settled in Belgrade. He was interned by the German occupation forces during the war, but was later released through the intervention of Dragomir Jovanović. Rosandić later testified at the Belgrade Process.

Rosandić was a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts since 1948. He founded a prominent school in Belgrade known as the "Master Workshop". Amongst the many artists and public personalities that frequented the workshop was Henry Moore, during his exhibition in Belgrade in March 1955.

In his maturity, Rosandić executed two of his greatest masterpieces: the pair of stone statues of a man struggling with a horse, which flank the entrance to the Federal Parliament building in Belgrade (today Parliament of Serbia), and a massive stone frieze of figures for a monument in Subotica, Vojvodina, Serbia (1952). Many of his bronze projects at this time were cast in the Voždovac foundry and other works by his hand can be found at the Toma Rosandić Memorial Museum and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Belgrade.

Rosandić returned to Split before his death in 1958.

title: Toma Rosandić


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South Brooklyn

South Brooklyn is a historic term for a section of the former City of Brooklyn – now the New York City borough of Brooklyn – encompassing what are now the Boerum Hill, Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, Gowanus, Park Slope, Windsor Terrace, Sunset Park and Red Hook neighborhoods. It was named for its location along the waterfront that was the southern border of the original Village of Brooklyn, and has remained widely used as a colloquialism despite it no longer being the southernmost point of the borough. It should not be confused with the geographic southern region of the modern borough of Brooklyn, which includes the neighborhoods of Gravesend, Seagate, Coney Island, Brighton Beach, Manhattan Beach, Sheepshead Bay, Gerritsen Beach, Marine Park, Mill Basin, and Bergen Beach.

"South Brooklyn" or "Southern Brooklyn" is also in use in the modern borough of Brooklyn, but without total consistency as to what it refers to. It has been used about neighborhoods as various and physically separated as Mill Basin, Bensonhurst, Carroll Gardens, Gowanus, Red Hook, Smith Street, Sunset Park, Windsor Terrace, as well as Bay Ridge, Dyker Heights, and Park Slope.

Transportation
The New York City Subway's IND Culver Line serves the area at the Carroll Street and Smith–Ninth Streets stations. The line was originally named the "South Brooklyn Line" on some official subway maps. However, this obsolete name for the Culver Line may have referred to the South Brooklyn Railway, the original right of way of the BMT Culver Line; this right-of-way originally ran between Sunset Park, in the southern part of the former city of Brooklyn, and Coney Island, the southernmost area in the modern borough of Brooklyn.

The bus routes serve South Brooklyn as well.

title: South Brooklyn


text: Category:287 BC

title: Category:287 BC


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Patrick Cowley

Patrick Joseph Cowley (October 19, 1950 – November 12, 1982) was an American disco and hi-NRG dance music composer and recording artist, best known for his collaborations with disco singer Sylvester. Along with Giorgio Moroder, he has been credited as a pioneer of electronic dance music.

Early life
Cowley was born October 19, 1950, in Buffalo, New York, to Ellen and Kenneth Cowley. The family originated in the Horseheads and Corning areas of New York and lived in Rochester. During his teenage years, Cowley became a successful drummer with local amateur bands before attending Niagara University and later the University at Buffalo to study English. In 1971, at the age of 21, Cowley moved to San Francisco to attend the City College of San Francisco (CCSF) where he studied music, specifically the use of synthesizers, from Gerald Mueller.

Musical career
Cowley met San Francisco-based musician Sylvester in 1978. Sylvester had asked Cowley to join his studio band after hearing some of his early synthesizer recordings. He played synthesizer on Sylvester's 1978 album Step II which included the hits "You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)" and "Dance (Disco Heat)". In addition, he wrote "Stars" and "I Need Somebody to Love Tonight" from his 1979 album Stars. Cowley also joined Sylvester's live band and joined him on several world tours.

Cowley's own hits included "Menergy" in 1981, a frank celebration of the gay club scene, and "Megatron Man", which hit No. 1 and No. 2 respectively on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 1981. That same year, Patrick Cowley was celebrated at the Menergy parties at The EndUp in San Francisco. Cowley recorded an album at The Stud in San Francisco. He also wrote and produced the dance single "Right on Target" for San Francisco artist Paul Parker, which reached No. 1 on the Billboard dance chart in 1982. "Do Ya Wanna Funk", a collaboration with Sylvester, made No. 4 on the Billboard dance chart that same year. Cowley also did a 15'45" long remix of Donna Summer's "I Feel Love", which is now a collector's item. Mind Warp, his final album, was composed as he felt the increasing effects of HIV infection, and its songs reflect his increasing detachment from conventional reality as the disease progressed.

Death
During a world tour with Sylvester in late 1981, Cowley complained of feeling increasingly unwell. Upon returning to the United States, he visited a doctor who diagnosed food poisoning. Weeks later, with his condition only worsening, doctors again failed to identify what was wrong with him. At this early stage in the history of HIV/AIDS virus – at the time still referred to as "gay-related immune deficiency" (GRID) by American doctors – misdiagnosis was common and so Cowley, who was gay, was discharged from the hospital (in 1982) after doctors could do nothing more for him. Cowley died at his home in the Castro District neighborhood in San Francisco on November 12, 1982. He was 32 years old, an early victim of AIDS.

Legacy
Despite never fully achieving mainstream commercial success, Cowley is nevertheless regarded as a pioneer of early electronic music and the creator of hi-NRG, an uptempo strain of disco. Various 1980s artists such as Pet Shop Boys and New Order have cited his influence as a producer. Cowley has been described as "a musical pioneer whose achievements rippled throughout queer culture and beyond into the disco mainstream".

Since the 2010s, Cowley's profile has risen as "listeners and scholars excavate disco's intersection with gay liberation."

Amid the accompanying emergence of nu-disco in the late 2000s and early 2010s, profiles of Cowley in Gawker and other high-profile outlets have contributed to a resurgence of interest in his work. 2009 saw the release of Catholic, an album of post-punk-flavored collaborations with writer/singer Jorge Socarras, recorded from 1976 to 1979.

Notable collaborations
Cowley wrote and produced songs for several San Francisco musicians including friends Paul Parker and Frank Loverde. He was associated with many other musicians such as Kat Mandu, Maurice Tani and Linda Imperial.
 * "Right on Target" by Paul Parker (1982)
 * "Die Hard Lover" by Frank Loverde (1982)
 * "Do You Wanna Funk" by Sylvester (1982)
 * "Tech-no-logical world" by Paul Parker (1982)

title: Patrick Cowley


text: Category:322 BC

title: Category:322 BC


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City Island Harbor

City Island Harbor is the protected body of water between City Island and Hart Island in the Bronx, New York City, open to Long Island Sound at its northern and southern extremities. It is not a true harbor, but a sound. Other minor islands in and around City Island Harbor include the Chimney Sweeps Islands, the Blauzes, and Rat Island. Green Flats Reef is exposed at low tide.

Every July 4, to celebrate Independence Day, there is a large fireworks show at nearby Orchard Beach. Hundreds of boats typically gather in the harbor to view the show.

On the evening of January 24, 2003, four local boys, 15 and 16 years old, were killed when their 8-foot dinghy sank in City Island Harbor. The boys placed a short phone call to 9-1-1 but no action was taken due to insufficient information. In any case, given the frigid water temperature it is unlikely they would have survived long enough for help to arrive. Their boat was found in February and all four bodies were found in the harbor a few months later.

title: City Island Harbor


text:
User talk:Azmaverick623

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:53, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
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Cartoons
Dear Azmaveric,

An insult cannot find place in a wiki article! It is against the rules, not my reverts.

At the article 'Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy' the cartoons about Propher Mohammed is posted. 1.3 billion Muslims are considering this as an insult. I know that an insult cannot find place in a wiki article. I would like to ask you please do something for it. We can discuss the issue without pictures too. That is totally unresponsible to put those cartoons to the article. It is very dangerous and a step towards clush of civilizations. Resid Gulerdem 19:25, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

cartoons
Showing the figures of Mohammed is disturbing muslims. And it is a insult to Islam. In Islam making and also looking the figures of Mohammed is forbidden.That is raping the holy things of Islam.And it is not about "freedom".--Erdemsenol 00:38, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Accusations of plaigarism
Azmaveric, I suggest you remove your implicit accusation of plaigarism against me on the AMMO (US Air Force) talk page. It is libelous. Mrpex

 * First of all, anything I put on the talk pages of this website, I expect to stay there, even if I have to retract it later. It will not get deleted by me under any circumstances.

Second of all, had you actually read the article you referenced on libel, you would understand that in order to win such a case, you would have to prove that I had acted with negligence in my statement that the article was taken out of a recruiting pamphlet. Having spent four years in AFJROTC, I know what kind of language recruiters use, and the article IMHO had a pro-AMMO bias, which is typical of an effort to promote something. My statement was my opinion, and seeing as how I made only one such post, with no personal attacks, I not only did not violate any civil or criminal law, I didn't even violate Wikipedia policy, as my intentions were completely honorable IMO.

I also suggest that you take a look at WP:NLT and WP:AGF.

And I am a criminal justice major, so if you have any other questions about this I'd be glad to answer them.

Good day, Maverick 03:42, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Azmaverick623, I am only asking you to remove the statement in which you state that my original writing was "Definitely straight from the recruiter's pamphlets", and any other suggestion that I plagairized any other part of my writings, or to provide evidence that I did, indeed, copy my writings directly from some "recruiter's pamphlets." If you can cite a verifiable "recruiter pamphlet" that my statements were copied from, then I will rescind my stand that my words were truly my own.

I can assure you that the words written were my own.

Please remove the accusation, or cite the source that you state that I copied my writings from.

I'm not trying to start an argument or fight. But I honestly feel that what you have written unfairly tries to convince neutral readers that I have plaigarized my work, and I feel that that is an unfair, and untrue, personal attack.

C'mon, be a pal.

BTW, you weren't a "623" in the U.S. Air Force, were you?

Mrpex

JFK assasination (moved from user page)

 * "I've just spent 2 hours both going over the article, looking at the sources, and looking at your attacks on other editors:"

This what you left on my talk page. You didn't give any examples. The first step in persuasive writing is when you make a statement provide a reference or an example.

RPJ 00:03, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Sybil Ludington
Sorry for the delay in responding to your message concerning Sybil Ludington, but I'm still learning how to use Wikipedia. You said that you grew up near the cemetery where she is buried. I do not live in the area, but I travel to Putnam County once in a while. I like the hamlet of Patterson and have taken many pictures there. Many years ago, I went hunting in a cooperative area at Birch Hill. I've gone to the Wonder Lake State Park several times. It's unfortunate that Putnam County is undergoing tremendous development and is losing its bucolic character. Have you visited the Wikipedia articles for Patterson and Carmel? I posted pictures there, too.

RfC on RPJ
Hi. I'm advocating a case on behalf of a user who is experiencing numerous problems with RPJ. I can see from RPJ's talk page that you have interacted with him in the past. If you have a moment, would you be so kind as to head over to the RfC page and leave any guidance that might help in resolving this dispute. Thanks so much, and have a great day! →Bobby ← 15:41, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

This is a notice that I have filed a request for arbitration concerning RPJ. Feel free to add any comments you feel are necessary. Ramsquire (throw me a line) 23:55, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Azmaverick623


text:
Alexander Gorchakov

Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Горчако́в; 15 July 1798 – 11 March 1883 ) was a Russian diplomat and statesman from the Gorchakov princely family. He has an enduring reputation as one of the most influential and respected diplomats of the mid-19th century. Scholars agree that the termination of the demilitarisation of the Black Sea was Gorchakov's greatest accomplishment but add that he stayed too long as foreign minister.

Early life and career
Gorchakov was born at Haapsalu, Governorate of Estonia, and was educated at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he had the poet Alexander Pushkin as a school-fellow. He became a good classical scholar, and learned to speak and write in French with facility and elegance. Pushkin in one of his poems described young Gorchakov as Fortune's favoured son, and predicted his success.

On leaving the lyceum Gorchakov entered the foreign office under Count Nesselrode. His first diplomatic work of importance was the negotiation of a marriage between the Grand Duchess Olga and the crown prince Charles of Württemberg. He remained at Stuttgart for some years as Russian minister and confidential adviser of the crown princess. He foretold the outbreak of the revolutionary spirit in Germany and Austria, and was credited with counselling the abdication of Ferdinand I of Austria in favour of Francis Joseph. When the German Confederation was re-established in 1850 in place of the Frankfurt Parliament, Gorchakov was appointed Russian minister to the diet. It was here that he first met Prince Bismarck, with whom he formed a friendship which was afterwards renewed at St Petersburg.

The Emperor Nicholas found that his ambassador at Vienna, Baron Meyendorff, was not a sympathetic instrument for carrying out his schemes in the East. He therefore transferred Gorchakov to Vienna, where the latter remained through the critical period of the Crimean War. Gorchakov perceived that Russian designs against the Ottoman Empire, which was supported by Britain and France, were impracticable, and he counselled Russia to make no more useless sacrifices, but to accept the basis of a pacification. At the same time, although he attended the Paris conference of 1856, he purposely abstained from affixing his signature to the treaty of peace after that of Count Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov, Russia's chief representative. For the time, however, he made a virtue of necessity, and Alexander II, recognising the wisdom and courage which Gorchakov had exhibited, appointed him minister of foreign affairs in place of Count Nesselrode.

Minister of foreign affairs
Not long after his accession to office, Gorchakov issued a circular to the foreign powers in which he announced that Russia proposed, for internal reasons, to keep herself as free as possible from complications abroad, and he added the now-historic phrase, La Russie ne boude pas; elle se recueille ('Russia is not sulking, she is composing herself'). During the January Uprising in Congress Poland, Gorchakov rebuffed the suggestions of Britain, Austria and France for assuaging the severities employed in quelling it, and he was especially acrid in his replies to Earl Russell's despatches. The Prussian support was assured by the Alvensleben Convention. In July 1863 Gorchakov was appointed Chancellor of the Russian Empire, expressly in reward for his bold diplomatic attitude towards an indignant Europe. The appointment was hailed with enthusiasm in Russia.

A rapprochement now began between the courts of Russia and Prussia, and in 1863, Gorchakov smoothed the way for the occupation of Schleswig-Holstein by German troops. That seemed equally favourable to Austria and Prussia, but it was the latter power that gained all the substantial advantages. When conflict arose between Austria and Prussia in 1866, Russia remained neutral and permitted Prussia to reap the benefits arising from the conflict and establish its supremacy in Germany.

In 1867 Russia and the United States concluded the sale of Alaska, a process which had begun as early as 1854 during the Crimean War. Gorchakov was not against the sale but always advocated for careful and secret negotiations and saw the eventuality of the sale but not the immediate necessity.

When the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 broke out, Russia argued for the neutrality of Austria-Hungary. An attempt was made to form an anti-Prussian coalition, but it failed because of the cordial understanding between the German and the Russian chancellors.

In return for Russia's service in preventing Austro-Hungarian support being given to France, Gorchakov looked to Bismarck for diplomatic support on the Eastern Question, and he received an instalment of the expected support when he successfully denounced the Black Sea clauses of the Treaty of Paris (Treaty of London (1871)). That was justly regarded by him as an important service to his country and one of the triumphs of his career, and he hoped to obtain further successes with the assistance of Germany. However, the cordial relations between the cabinets of Saint Petersburg and Berlin did not last much longer.

In 1875, Bismarck was suspected of having designs to again attack France, and Gorchakov let him know in a way that was not meant to be offensive, but roused Bismarck's indignation, that Russia would oppose any such scheme. The tension thus produced between the two statesmen was increased by the political complications of 1875–1878 in Southeastern Europe, which began with the Herzegovian insurrection and culminated at the Congress of Berlin. Gorchakov hoped to use the complications of the situation in such a way as to recover, without war, the portion of Bessarabia ceded by the Treaty of Paris, but he soon lost control of events, and the Slavophile agitation produced the Russo-Turkish War (1877-78).

The Peace of San Stefano, drafted by Gorchakov, Aleksandr Nelidov, and Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev, redrew Ottoman boundaries to further Russia's economic and strategic plans. A key goal was control of the port city of Batumi on the eastern shore of the Black Sea, in addition to several strategic points in the Caucasus. Most importantly, Bulgaria was greatly enlarged to serve as the dominant power in the Balkans and be under Russian control. Britain, France, Germany and Austria-Hungary objected and radically reduced Russia's gains at the Congress of Berlin (13 June to 13 July 1878). Gorchakov was honored as first plenipotentiary, but he left to the second plenipotentiary, Count Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov, not only the task of defending Russian interests but also the responsibility and odium for the concessions which Russia had to make to Britain and Austria-Hungary. He had the satisfaction of seeing the lost portion of Bessarabia restored to Russia but at the cost of greater sacrifices than he anticipated. On the whole Russia was humiliated again. Gorchakov considered the treaty the greatest failure of his official career. He continued to hold the post of foreign minister but lived chiefly abroad, with Dmitry Milyutin taking responsibility for foreign affairs.

Later life
Gorchakov resigned formally in 1882 and was succeeded by Nicholas de Giers. He died at Baden-Baden and was buried at the family vault in Strelna Monastery.

Assessment
Prince Gorchakov devoted himself mostly to foreign affairs but also took some part in the great internal reforms of Alexander II's reign: for example he submitted four projects of emancipation reform and also presented to analysis of the foreign experience of various reforms to Alexander II.

As a diplomat, he displayed many brilliant qualities: adroitness in negotiation, incisiveness in argument and elegance in style. His statesmanship, though marred occasionally by personal vanity and love of popular applause, was far-seeing and prudent. In the latter part of his career, his main object was to raise the prestige of Russia by undoing the results of the Crimean War, and it may fairly be said that he greatly succeeded.

Honours

 * Austrian Empire: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen, 1857; in Diamonds, 1872
 * Baden: Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1857; in Diamonds, 1863
 * 🇩🇰 Denmark:
 * Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog, 8 July 1852
 * Knight of the Order of the Elephant, 16 September 1857
 * Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 2 July 1857
 * Mexican Empire: Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Guadalupe, 1864
 * Nassau: Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, August 1864
 * Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 24 June 1856; in Diamonds, 1859
 * Kingdom of Sardinia: Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, 30 October 1859
 * undefined: Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 17 February 1857
 * 🇸🇪 🇳🇴 Sweden-Norway: Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim, 16 May 1860
 * Grand Duchy of Tuscany: Commander of the Order of Saint Joseph
 * Two Sicilies: Knight of the Order of Saint Januarius, 1845
 * Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, 1846

title: Alexander Gorchakov


text:
Marienthal

Marienthal may refer to:

Germany

 * Marienthal (Geisenheim), a quarter of Geisenheim, Hesse
 * Marienthal, Hamburg, a quarter in the Wandsbek borough of Hamburg
 * A part of Zehdenick, Brandenburg
 * A part of Rockenhausen, Rhineland-Palatinate
 * A part of Zwickau, Saxony

Elsewhere

 * Basilique Notre-Dame de Marienthal, a locality of Haguenau, France
 * Marienthal, Saskatchewan, a hamlet in Rural Municipality of Cambria No. 6, Canada
 * Marienthal, Luxembourg
 * Mariental, Namibia
 * Marienthal, Eastern Cape, Amahlathi Local Municipality, South Africa
 * Marienthal, Kansas, United States
 * Marienthal Park, part of the Pavlovsk Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russia

People with the surname

 * Eli Marienthal (born 1986), American actor
 * Eric Marienthal (born 1957), American saxophonist
 * Mike Marienthal (1923–2013), American basketballer

title: Marienthal


text: Category:American folk musical groups

title: Category:American folk musical groups


text:
User talk:Moonchilde

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:56, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
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AD converters
Hi, I put a merge notice on your new article AD converters — it should probably be merged with the older and more complete article at Analog to digital converter and turned into a redirect. I know it's a pain when that happens, so it's always good to do a quick search :) 68.81.231.127 00:00, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Moonchilde


text: Category:347 BC

title: Category:347 BC


text: Category:365 BC

title: Category:365 BC


text:
Alexander Baumann

Alexander Baumann may refer to:

 * Alexander Baumann (aeronautical engineer) (1875–1928), German engineer
 * Alex Baumann (born 1964), Canadian athlete
 * Alex Baumann (bobsledder) (born 1985), Swiss bobsledder
 * Alexander Baumann (curler) (born 1984), German curler

title: Alexander Baumann


text:
Cecília Meireles

Cecília Benevides de Carvalho Meireles (7 November 1901 – 9 November 1964) was a Brazilian writer and educator, known principally as a poet. She is a canonical name of Brazilian Modernism, one of the great female poets in the Portuguese language, and is widely considered the best female poet from Brazil, though she objected to the word poetess because of gender discrimination.

She traveled in the Americas in the 1940s, visiting the United States, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. In the summer of 1940, she gave lectures at the University of Texas, Austin. She wrote two poems about her time in the capital of Texas, and a long (800 lines) very socially aware poem "USA 1940", which was published posthumously. As a journalist her columns (crônicas, or chronicles) focused most often on education, but also on her trips abroad in the western hemisphere, Portugal, other parts of Europe, Israel, and India (where she received an honorary doctorate).

As a poet, her style was mostly neosymbolist and her themes included ephemeral time and the contemplative life. Even though she was not concerned with local color, native vernacular, or experiments in (popular) syntax, she is considered one of the most important poets of the second phase of the Brazilian Modernism, known for nationalistic vanguardism. As a teacher she did much to promote educational reforms and advocated the construction of children's libraries. Between 1935 and 1938, she taught at the short-lived federal-district university in Rio.

Biography
Meireles was "orphaned at age three and raised by her maternal grandmother" (Tapscott 160). As a poet, she made her debut at the age of eighteen, with Espectros (1919). It has been described as "an airy and vague poetry, languid and fluid, set in an atmosphere of shadows and dreams." The collection of seventeen sonnets dealt with various historical personages. Although her next collections included lyrics in free verse, she still preferred traditional forms and symbolism. Between 1919 and 1927, she contributed to the magazines Árvore Nova and Terra do Sol. She was a key figure in the spiritual and transcendental magazine Festa. The Festa poets supported more traditional expression and universality than the futurists and avant-garde writers of São Paulo, whose Modern Art Week in 1922 caused much controversy. Meireles always retained symbolist traits. Especially Portuguese poetry interested her. She visited Portugal in 1934 and lectured there on Brazilian literature at the universities of Lisbon and Coimbra.

After 14 years without publishing a book of poetry, Meireles published one of her major works, Viagem [Voyage] (1939), which marked her poetic maturity. The book had received the annual Poetry Prize from the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1938. The title refers to a spiritual journey where life and poetry join together. Meireles was a devout Catholic, but did not emphasize her religious or social stands. In the 1940s Meireles traveled widely and the sea became for her an important image. Mar Absoluto (1942) was sea poetry with the qualities of so-called pure poetry. In 1953 she participated in a symposium on the work of Gandhi, and India had a great influence on her work. She had taught herself both Hindi and Sanskrit. Romanceiro da Inconfidência (1953) was written in the style of medieval Iberian ballads. The work draws its subject from the first colonial attempt at Brazilian Independence, in Minas Gerais in 1789, and centers on the leader of the uprising, Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, who was hailed as another Jesus Christ. Giroflê, Giroflá (1956) was based on the author's journeys to India and Italy.

Meireles was a prolific contributor to Brazilian periodicals, and for a time she served as education editor of Rio's Diario de Noticías. She translated into Portuguese such diverse writers as Maeterlinck, Federico García Lorca, Anouilh, Ibsen, Tagore, Rilke, Virginia Woolf, and Pushkin. Her other works include plays and children's books. Cecília Meireles died of cancer in Rio de Janeiro on 9 November 1964, two days after her 63rd birthday. During her career Meireles was affected by many of the literary movements of her time. However, her poetry always remained intensely personal.

In October 2009 she was one of the three featured authors at the Primeiro Congresso de Escritoras Brasileiras em Nova Iorque (First Congress of Brazilian Women Writers in New York) at the Centro Cultural Brasil / Brazilian Endowment for the Arts in Midtown Manhattan.

title: Cecília Meireles


text:
Ernie Sabella

Ernest Sabella (born September 19, 1949) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as Pumbaa from The Lion King franchise, voicing the character in all media except the 2019 film. Sabella's TV roles include Mr. Donald "Twinkie" Twinkacetti in Perfect Strangers (1986-1987), George Shipman in A Fine Romance, and Leon Carosi in Saved by the Bell (1991). His work in Broadway theatre includes starring roles in Guys and Dolls, Chicago, Curtains, and Man of La Mancha.

Life and career
Born in Westchester County, New York, Sabella graduated from the University of Miami, where he studied at the Department of Theatre Arts and performed at the university's Jerry Herman Ring Theatre.

His stage credits include The Robber Bridegroom (1976), Little Johnny Jones (1982), Guys and Dolls (1992) as Harry the Horse, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1996), Chicago as Amos Hart (replacement), Man of La Mancha (2002, as Sancho Panza) and Sweet Charity (2005).

Film credits include Quiz Show (1994) as the car salesman, In & Out (1997) as Aldo Hooper, Disney's The Lion King (1994) and multiple sequels and spin-offs as Pumbaa. He also has worked with Nathan Lane, who had voiced Timon, in Guys and Dolls, Mouse Hunt, The Producers (in a deleted scene) and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. In the latter production, Sabella portrayed Marcus Lycus while Lane played Pseudolus. Sabella also joined Lane for his Saturday Night Live monologue, where they sang "Hakuna Matata".

On television, Sabella portrayed apartment manager Lou Donatelli in the Jason Bateman comedy It's Your Move (1984–85). He appeared in an episode of Cheers titled "Love Thy Neighbor" (Season Four Episode Eight air date November 21, 1985) in which he played the role of a private investigator named Santo Carbone, who was Carla Tortelli's cousin. He played store owner and landlord Donald Twinkacetti on Perfect Strangers (1986–1987). He played Leo in the short-lived situation comedy Encore! Encore! starring Nathan Lane (2000). Sabella had a five-episode stint on Saved by the Bell in 1991 as Leon Carosi, an uptight resort manager and owner who employed the main cast's characters. Leah Remini was featured as his daughter. His other recurring roles include the lazy teacher Mr. Petrachelli on That's So Raven (2003), the floundering attorney Harland Bassett on The Practice (2000-2001), and characters on Newhart (1983).

In the Quantum Leap episode "Catch a Falling Star", he played the dual role of Manny, a stage actor, and Sancho Panza, Manny's character in a touring production of Man of La Mancha. Sabella had a brief appearance as a naked man on a subway train in a 1992 episode of Seinfeld titled "The Subway".

He starred in a series of television commercials for NyQuil cold medicine in 1994 and was seen in a MasterCard commercial (2007), as well as Lynx in 2008.

Sabella co-starred as Sidney Bernstein in the Broadway musical comedy Curtains, which opened officially on March 22, 2007 and ran until June 29, 2008.

He played the role of apartment building superintendent Leon in the 9th episode "Hold Outs" of the 6th season (2015) of the CBS police procedural drama Blue Bloods.

In 2015, Sabella reprised his voice role as Pumbaa in the TV pilot film The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar.

In 2016, Sabella became a full-time cast member for the Disney Junior television series The Lion Guard.

Personal life
Sabella met his wife Cheryl near the backstage door following a Broadway performance of Guys & Dolls in 1994; they married in 1999. His wife works as a computer programmer in their home town.

Awards and nominations

 * 1996 - Daytime Emmy Award - Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program - Nominated
 * 2005 - DVDX Award for Best Animated Character Performance (Voice and Animation in a DVD Premiere Movie) - Nominated

title: Ernie Sabella


text: Category:370 BC

title: Category:370 BC


text:
USS Lamson (DD-18)

USS Lamson (DD–18) was a Smith-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I. She was the first ship named for Roswell Lamson.

Construction
Lamson was laid down on 18 March 1908, by William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, launched on 16 June 1909, sponsored by Mrs. Henry S. Grove, and commissioned on 10 February 1910.

Pre-World War I
Assigned to the Atlantic Squadron, Lamson operated along the east coast and in the Caribbean from 1910 to 1916 participating in torpedo exercises, fleet maneuvers, and coastal patrol. Departing Key West, Florida on 7 May 1916, the destroyer arrived Dominican Republic two days later to support the Marines sent by President Woodrow Wilson to protect American interests during the Dominican revolt.

She returned to Key West in mid-June before sailing on the 28th for Vera Cruz. She joined other American ships in Mexican waters, as the Mexican political situation was still in turmoil. Following her return to Key West on 11 July, Lamson operated along the east coast and in the Gulf of Mexico until the United States entered World War I.

World War I
During the early months of the war, she patrolled the coastline before preparing for oversea service. Arriving Ponta Delgada, Azores on 26 July 1917, the destroyer performed escort and patrol duty for the next three months. Lamson departed the Azores on 6 October for escort operations out of Brest, France. She assisted survivors of Finland on 28 October after the merchant ship had been torpedoed by a German submarine.

The destroyer continued escort and patrol operations for the rest of the war, and aided in the victory of Allied forces by neutralizing the German U-boat threat to convoys. After the Armistice, Lamson departed Brest on 11 December 1918 and arrived at Charleston, South Carolina on 31 December. She decommissioned on 15 July 1919 and was sold on 21 November.

Noteworthy commanding officers

 * Lieutenant Herbert F. Leary (23 March 1911-Unknown) (Later vice admiral)
 * Lieutenant Harold Rainsford Stark (September 1912-7 June 1913) (Later admiral and Chief of Naval Operations)
 * Lieutenant Commander William R. Purnell (30 April 1917 – 14 June 1918) (Later rear admiral)
 * Lieutenant Commander Donald B. Beary (14 June 1918 – 15 July 1919) (Later vice admiral)

Honors and awards

 * Mexican Service Medal ribbon.svg Mexican Service Medal
 * Dominican Campaign Medal ribbon.svg Dominican Campaign Medal
 * World War I Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War I Victory Medal

title: USS Lamson (DD-18)


text: Category:Marching bands

title: Category:Marching bands


text: Category:375 BC

title: Category:375 BC


text:
User talk:StopHillary'08

Proposed deletion of Larry Giammo

The article Larry Giammo has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Doesn't meet WP:NPOL or WP:GNG. Has been in CAT:NN for 14 years."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

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title: User talk:StopHillary'08


text:
Larry Warren

Larry Warren, M.A., on February 12, 2013, was named interim CEO of Trinity Health System in Livonia, Michigan.

Warren was appointed as the new CEO of Howard University Hospital, as of August, in Washington, D.C. He formerly served as executive director of UMHHC, and as associate vice president of the U-M Health System, since March 1998. Before his full appointment, he served nearly two years as interim executive director.

In addition to his new four-year term, he will receive a new title, director and chief executive officer of UMHHC, on March 12, 2004. The reappointment also continues his current title within the UMHS leadership, and his adjunct professorship in the U-M School of Public Health.

Warren has 30 years of experience in human resource management and hospital administration, including 26 years at the UM. Before becoming interim executive director in 1996, he served as a personnel representative and compensation analyst, employment manager, assistant personnel administrator, associate hospital director, and chief operating officer.

He earned a bachelor's degree in business administration in 1972 and a master's degree in education administration in 1973 from Eastern Michigan University.

Warren holds the following external committee/board appointments:

 * State of Michigan Hospital Advisory Commission, Appointed by the governor to a three-year term, 2002–2005
 * American Red Cross board of directors
 * Michigan Health & Hospital Association Executive Committee and board of directors
 * Michigan Hospital Association Participating Hospital Agreement Steering Committee
 * Council of Teaching Hospitals board of directors
 * University Health System Consortium board of directors
 * Greater Detroit Area Health Council board of directors
 * Chelsea Community Hospital board of directors

Warren is also an active participant in the following community service organizations:
 * Vice chair, Eastern Michigan University Foundation
 * Ann Arbor Chamber of Commerce board of directors and executive committee
 * 100 Black Men of Greater Detroit, Inc.

title: Larry Warren


text: User talk:24.98.195.64

title: User talk:24.98.195.64


text:
User talk:Herm

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 22:02, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
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Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Herm! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

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 * 1) Larry Warren -

Proposed deletion of File:Bernard-herman.jpg

The file File:Bernard-herman.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "orphaned file, no foreseeable use"

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You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Jon Kolbert (talk) 00:21, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Herm


text:
Mariental

Mariental may refer to:

Places

 * Mariental, Germany, a settlement in the district of Helmstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany
 * Mariental, Namibia, a settlement in the Hardap Region, Namibia
 * Mariental, a valley near the Katzenbuckel located in Elztal, Germany
 * Mariental, Switzerland, a valley in the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland
 * Mariental, former name of Sovetskoye, Saratov Oblast, Russia
 * Mariental, former name of Staromarivka, Ukraine

Administrative units

 * Mariental Rural, a constituency around the Namibian city of Mariental
 * Mariental Urban, a constituency of the Namibian city of Mariental

title: Mariental


text: User talk:69.243.174.54

title: User talk:69.243.174.54


text:
1712 in music

The year 1712 in music involved some significant events.

Events

 * March 18 – Georg Philipp Telemann arrives in Frankfurt to take up his new post as city director of music and Kapellmeister at the Barfüsserkirche.
 * March 25 – Approximate date of the première of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Mark Passion pastiche at the chapel of Wilhelmsburg Castle (two movements by Bach).
 * September – George Frideric Handel re-locates to London, with the permission of his patron, the future King George I of Great Britain.
 * Johann Georg Pisendel joins the court orchestra at Dresden.

Classical music

 * Tomaso Albinoni – 12 Trattenimenti armonici, Op. 6
 * Johann Sebastian Bach
 * Prelude and Fugue in G major, BWV 541
 * Toccata, Adagio and Fugue in C major, BWV 564
 * Fantasia in G major, BWV 572
 * Toccata in F-sharp minor, BWV 910
 * Fugue in B minor, BWV 951
 * Fughetta in C minor, BWV 961
 * Suite in E minor for lute, BWV 996
 * Francesco Antonio Bonporti – 10 Inventions, Op. 10
 * Pieter Bustijn – 9 Suittes pour le clavessin
 * Henry Carey – Setting of "The Lord My Pasture Shall Prepare" (hymn) by Joseph Addison
 * Arcangelo Corelli – Twelve Concerti Grossi, Op. 6 (composed)
 * Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco
 * Concerti a quattro da chiesa, Op. 2
 * 12 Trio Sonatas, Op. 3
 * Christoph Graupner
 * Jesus ist und bleibt mein Leben, GWV 1107/12
 * Mein Gott, warum hast du mich verlassen?, GWV 1118/12a
 * Wenn wir in höchsten Nöten sein, GWV 1143/12
 * Demütiget euch nun, GWV 1144/12
 * Zähle meine Flucht, GWV 1154/12b
 * Wer da glaubet dass Jesus sei der Christ, GWV 1171/12
 * George Frideric Handel – O Sing unto the Lord a New Song, HWV 249a
 * Jacques-Martin Hotteterre
 * Sonates en trio pour les flûtes traversières et a bec, violon, hautbois, Op. 3
 * Suite in B minor, Op. 4
 * Reinhard Keiser – Brockes-Passion (Text by Barthold Heinrich Brockes)
 * Ferdinando Antonio Lazzari – Concerto in D major
 * John Loeillet – Lessons for the Harpsichord or Spinet
 * Benedetto Marcello – 12 Recorder Sonatas, Op. 2
 * Jean-Baptiste Morin – Cantates françoises à une et trois voix, Op. 6
 * James Paisible – The Gloucester. Mr. Isaac's new dance, made for Her Majesty's Birth Day...
 * Anne Danican Philidor – Premier livre de pièces
 * Giovanni Antonion Piani – 12 Violin Sonatas, Op. 1
 * Charles Piroye – Pièces d'orgue
 * Jean-Féry Rebel – Boutade
 * Georg Philipp Telemann
 * Das ist meine Freude, TWV 8:17
 * Ouverture-Suite, TWV 55:A5 (approx.)
 * Francesco Maria Veracini – Il trionfo della innocenza patrocinata da S. NiccoI (oratorio)
 * Antonio Vivaldi – Violin Concerto in D major, RV 212
 * Johann Gottfried Walther – Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht
 * Jan Dismas Zelenka – Attendite et videte, ZWV 59

Opera

 * André Campra – Idomenée
 * André Cardinal Destouches – Callirhoé
 * George Frideric Handel
 * Il Pastor Fido
 * Teseo, HWV 9 (composed)
 * John Hughes (1677–1720) and Johann Ernst Galliard (d. 1747) – Calypso and Telemachus (opera)
 * Antonio Lotti – Porsenna

Births

 * January
 * David Owen, harpist (died 1741)
 * Cecilia Young, soprano, wife of Thomas Arne (died 1789)
 * January 17 – John Stanley, composer and organist (died 1786)
 * January 24 – Frederick II of Prussia, enthusiastic amateur musician and composer (died 1786)
 * January 26 – Giacomo Puccini, Italian composer and head of a musical dynasty (died 1781)
 * June 28 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, polymath (died 1778)
 * July – John Hebden, musician and composer (died 1765)
 * date unknown
 * Marimutthu Pillai, Carnatic music composer (died 1787)
 * John Christopher Smith, composer (died 1795)
 * Sophia Schröder, vocalist at the Kungliga Hovkapellet (died 1750)
 * probable – Kane O'Hara, playwright and musician (died 1782)

Deaths

 * April – Lambert Chaumont, organist and composer (born c.1630)
 * April 29 – Juan Bautista Jose Cabanilles, composer
 * August 7 – Friedrich Wilhelm Zachau, organist at Halle (born 1663)
 * August 26 – Sebastian Anton Scherer, composer (born 1631)
 * September 30 – Johann Michael Zächer, composer (born 1649)
 * November 6 – Johann Bernhard Staudt, composer (born 1654)
 * date unknown
 * Buhurizade Mustafa Itri, composer and performer of Turkish classical music (born c.1640)
 * Juan de Araujo, Spanish composer active in South and Central America (born 1646)
 * Carlo Alessandro Guidi, poet and songwriter (born 1650)
 * probable – Carlo Ambrogio Lonati, violinist, composer and singer

title: 1712 in music


text:
User talk:Abostrom

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 22:05, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Abostrom


text: Category:399 BC

title: Category:399 BC


text:
Bennett Park (New York City)

Bennett Park, also known as James Gordon Bennett Park, is a 1.8 acre public park in New York City, named for James Gordon Bennett, Sr., the newspaper publisher who launched the New York Herald in 1835. It is located between Pinehurst and Fort Washington Avenues and West 183rd and 185th Streets in the Hudson Heights neighborhood of Washington Heights in northern Manhattan, on land purchased by Bennett in 1871, the year before his death. It sits opposite the northern Fort Washington Avenue entrance to the 181st Street subway station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line, serviced by the.

Bennett, Sr. passed ownership of the land – which included the site of Fort Washington, from which the Continental Army delayed the advance of British troops in 1776 – to his son, James Gordon Bennett, Jr., who in 1901 allowed the Sons of the American Revolution to erect a marble, bronze and granite stele designed by Charles R. Lamb to commemorate the battle. This was dedicated in 1901 and is now located on the eastern perimeter wall of the park.

Bennett intended to donate the land to the city for use as a park, but died in 1918 without adding that bequest to his will. The land was therefore divided for sale, but the request of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society that the part of the property where Fort Washington stood be preserved was honored. In 1928, the site was acquired by the city, and, with additional land, was turned over to the Parks Department. The park opened in 1929.

In 1932, in commemoration of the bicentennial of the birth of George Washington, the Washington Heights Honor Grove Association planted an American elm tree, which is indicated with a marker. Other memorials in the park include the Emilio Barbosa Memorial, given in 1996 by Joseph Barbosa to honor his father, who died on the USS Nevada at Okinawa in 1945.

On the west side of the park lies an outcropping of Manhattan schist, which is the highest natural point in Manhattan – 265 ft above sea level – with a square stone marker attesting to the fact. The schist is part of the bedrock foundation of New York City, which allows the construction of skyscrapers where it lies close to the surface.

The park's playground was constructed in the 1940s, and service buildings were added in 1964.

Bennett Park hosts a variety of events, such as the Revolutionary War Reenactment, which Redcoats and George Washington's army actors converge and fight in the park, reenacting the battle of Fort Washington. An annual Harvest Festival is held in the park's field.

As part of the "Northern Manhattan Parks 2030 Master Plan", devised in 2010–11, the playground and comfort station in Bennett Park will be reconfigured to "improve sight-lines and play value." In addition, the condition of the park's perimeter will be improved.

title: Bennett Park (New York City)


text: Category:384 BC

title: Category:384 BC


text:
Category:Rallidae

The bird family Rallidae is a large group of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. This category is for these birds.

title: Category:Rallidae


text: User talk:68.65.211.90

title: User talk:68.65.211.90


text:
Talk:Delta Virginis

Brightest star
I can't find anything on Google about Auva "becoming the brightest star in 50,000 years." Is this a scientific prediction or part of someone's cultural/religious beliefs? If it's a scientific prediction, we should explain why (supernova, etc.) this will happen. If it's a cultural thing, we should mention whose culture. If someone made this up, let's remove it. Dave6 22:09, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Works for me. At the current radial velocity, it will only be about 9 light years closer to us, at most. That's not enough to significantly increase the apparent magnitude. — RJH 16:34, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Delta Virginis


text:
User:Abostrom

I moved to the name ABostrom.

title: User:Abostrom


text:
File:Edie Brickell - Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars.jpg

Cover for album Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars by Edie Brickell & New Bohemians.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


text:
User talk:13neko

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 22:10, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
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title: User talk:13neko


text:
Felim Egan

Felim Egan (8 November 1952 – 19 November 2020) was an Irish painter.

Biography
Born in County Donegal, Egan attended St Columb's College in Derry before studying Art in Belfast and Portsmouth and at the Slade School of Art in London. He lived and worked in Sandymount, Dublin, Ireland. He painted restrained abstracts in which ghostly squares appear to float to the edge of a monochromatic canvas. The ethereal quality of his paintings owes itself in part to his technique of building up colour by applying layer after layer of thin acrylic mixed with powdered stone.

He represented Ireland at the Paris Biennale in 1980 and the São Paulo Art Biennial in 1985. In 1993 he won the Premier UNESCO Prize for the Arts in Paris, and he received the Gold Award at Cagnes-sur-Mer in 1997. Felim Egan was a member of Aosdána. Major exhibitions of his work were held at the Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester and the Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin in 1995–96, and at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam in 1999.

Works in collections

 * Fritz-Winter-Haus, Moderne Kunst Museum, Ahlen, Germany
 * Ulster Museum, Belfast
 * The Arts Council of Ireland
 * The Arts Council of Northern Ireland
 * Hugh Lane Gallery, Dublin
 * University College, Dublin
 * Office of Public Works, Dublin.
 * Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin
 * City Art Gallery, Edinburgh
 * Trinity College, Dublin
 * National Gallery of Ireland
 * Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, N.Y.
 * Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

title: Felim Egan


text:
The Beaver (newspaper)

The Beaver is the fortnightly newspaper of the LSE Students' Union at the London School of Economics, England.

The Beaver has had some of its stories being picked up by the national press. One thousand copies are published and distributed around campus every other Tuesday during term time. Articles are also published online daily. The Beaver is governed its society which is free for any LSE student to join. The paper is made up of sections News, Opinion and Features in addition to its magazine Flipside. The Beaver also produces Beaver Sound, a multimedia podcast platform.

History
Named after the school's mascot, the beaver, which was chosen "as representing an industrious animal with social habits", The Beaver newspaper was first published in its recognised format on 5 May 1949, and is one of the oldest student newspapers in the UK. The British Library of Political and Economic Science holds print and digital archives of the paper dating back to this first issue, which was christened by George Bernard Shaw, one of the LSE's founders. Since then it has gone through several makeovers, survived LSE's turbulent history and emerged to be one of the most respected and widely read student newspapers in the UK.

News
The Beaver's news section has consistently been among the strongest in UK student media, consisting of LSE, University of London and Higher Education stories from across Britain, sometimes being quoted in the national press, including The Guardian  and The Telegraph.

Opinion
Opinion publishes pieces discussing issues that are relevant to the LSE community, political analysis, social commentary, and debate. The extensive range of articles and letters featured reflects the broad readership of the paper. Contributions to the Comment section have been wide-ranging and varied, from former LSE Director Sir Howard Davies to lay students. The name of the section was changed from Comment to Opinion in 2020.

Features
The Features section of the paper deals with international relations, politics and strategic affairs. Interviews are a quintessential part of the section, and previous interviews conducted by Taryana Odayar have been with Economics Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen; ministers such as Marcelo Neri, the former Brazilian Minister of Strategic Affairs; North Korean defector Hyeonseo Lee; Dr Mattia Romani, Managing Director for Country and Sector Economics at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; and academics such as German Historian Sonke Neitzel. Other prominent interviewees have been Sir Nicholas Stern and Queen Noor of Jordan, and Ambassadors such as the Lithuanian Ambassador to the UK. In 2019, the Features section interviewed Alastair Campbell, former communications director to UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.

Flipside
Launched in 2018, Flipside encapsulates all the magazine sections of the Beaver. The primary feature of Flipside is a fortnightly interview featuring one or more prominent members of the LSE community. It also features sections which previously belonged to The Beaver – Sport and Part B – and created the new sections Social and Review. The name Flipside is a reference to the fact that relative to the other sections of the paper it is printed upside down which requires the user to flip the paper around to read it.

Beaver Sound
The Beaver Sound is the newspaper's new multimedia podcast platform for news since 2019. The platform features series such as LSE Limelight, Crossing the Globe, Grimshaw Speakers, Guftagu (in collaboration with LSESU Pakistan Society), The LSE Starter Pack, and We Know The End.

Notable former contributors

 * Richard Bacon - former Executive Editor; now Conservative Member of Parliament for Norfolk South
 * James Corbett - former political editor; now contributing editor of The Observer Sport Monthly and author of Everton: The School of Science and England Expects
 * Ekow Eshun - edited both Features and Arts; now the Artistic Director of the Institute of Contemporary Arts, and a contributor to BBC2's Newsnight Review
 * Simon Gardiner - former AU Treasurer; now prominent philanthropist
 * Simon Garfield - former Executive Editor; now journalist and author of Mauve and Our Hidden Lives
 * Stephen F. Kelly - contributor, then producer Granada Television, now author and broadcaster
 * Paul Klebnikov - former editor; first editor of Forbes' Russian edition
 * Bernard Levin - early contributor to the newspaper, particularly of theatre reviews
 * John Stathatos - former executive editor; photographer, writer and art critic whose publications include The Book of Lost Cities and A Vindication of Tlon: Photography & the Fantastic

title: The Beaver (newspaper)


text:
Category:Gruiformes

The diverse order Gruiformes contains 11 bird families

title: Category:Gruiformes


text: Category:408 BC

title: Category:408 BC


text:
May week

May week may refer to:

 * May Week, the week-long May Revolution that took place in 1810 in Argentina
 * May Week, the celebratory week at the end of the academic year at Cambridge University

title: May week


text:
Transbrasil

TransBrasil was a Brazilian airline which ceased operations on 3 December 2001. During most of its history, Transbrasil was owned by local entrepreneur Omar Fontana. Its aircraft usually featured a colorful livery, remarkably with a rainbow on the tail fin.

Transbrasil base was President Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport in Brasília.

From the 1970s and until its demise in 2002, Transbrasil was usually the third largest Brazilian airline after Varig and VASP, serving both domestic and international routes.

First years as Sadia (1955–1972)

Transbrasil was born in the State of Santa Catarina as a sister company of S/A Indústria e Comércio Concórdia, better known by its acronym Sadia. In 1953 Omar Fontana, a pilot and one of the sons of the founder of Sadia Attilio Fontana, noticed that a Douglas DC-3 remained parked at Joaçaba Airport, near Concórdia, for the entire weekend. Omar Fontana came up with the idea of leasing the aircraft for transporting the products of Sadia to São Paulo. In 1954 Sadia acquired its own Douglas DC-3 and started daily flights to São Paulo–Congonhas Airport, having Omar as one of its crew members. However, since it was not an airline with a regular schedule, it could not receive subventions from the government. In order to avoid this restriction, on January 5, 1955 Omar Fontana founded Sadia S/A – Transportes Aéreos with 35 employees, 3 Douglas DC-3s and 2 Curtiss C-46s. The first regular flight was operated on March 16, 1956.

Sadia enlarged Concórdia Airport so that a Douglas DC-3 could operate with full load and created the first route linking Concórdia with Videira, Florianópolis, and São Paulo–Congonhas. A short time later, Sadia was also operating to Londrina, Bauru, Ribeirão Preto and Brasília.

In November 1957, Sadia established a partnership with Real Transportes Aéreos and became a feeder airline at Florianópolis. Whereas Real's Linneu Gomes got 50% of the shares of Sadia, Omar Fontana became part of the managing board of Real, where he gained airline experience. At this time Sadia moved its headquarters to São Paulo and expanded services to Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont and Porto Alegre. This partnership ended in 1961 with the demise of Real and Fontana bought back the shares he had earlier sold to Gomes.

In 1962 Sadia bought TASSA–Transportes Aéreos Salvador S/A and increased its presence in Bahia. Its fleet had now 15 Douglas DC-3s and 12 Curtiss C-46s serving 53 cities.

In 1967 most of Sadia network was eligible to receive subventions from the Federal government and aiming at those subventions Sadia bought five Handley Page Dart Heralds.

In 1968 Sadia joined the shuttle service (Ponte Aérea, meaning "air bridge") between Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont and São Paulo-Congonhas airports, operated since 1959 by Varig, Cruzeiro do Sul and VASP. This service was abandoned only in 1999.

The first jet airliner type to be introduced into the fleet of Sadia, a stretched BAC One-Eleven Series 500, entered into service on September 17, 1970. In 1972 the name of the airline was changed to Transbrasil S/A Linhas Aéreas and its headquarters were moved to Brasília.

Consolidation as Transbrasil (1972–1983)

 * 1973 - Transbrasil replaces its ageing Dart Heralds by new Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante light transport turboprops.
 * 1974 - Transbrasil starts to phase out its remainder Bandeirantes, Heralds and 1-11s, replacing them with Boeing 727-100. By 1979, its fleet consisted only of 727-100s.
 * 1983 - Its first Boeing 767-200 is delivered, and Transbrasil starts its international operations, initially with charter flights - and from 1989, with regular service - to Miami, Orlando and Washington D.C.

Apogee and downturn (1983–2003)

In 1990 Transbrasil fleet consisted of three 767-200, three Boeing 707 for cargo and passenger service (operated by its affiliated company, Aerobrasil) and 15 leased Boeing 737-300 and -400. In addition to domestic flights to most of the larger Brazilian cities, Transbrasil offered regular and charter service to Miami, Orlando, New York, Washington, Buenos Aires, Vienna, Amsterdam, London and even Beijing. During some time, due to discounted ticket prices and an aggressive commercial strategy Transbrasil surpassed VASP as the second largest Brazilian airline.

Despite its growing market share, Transbrasil was already experiencing financial problems. In 1987 after a formal request of its chairman Omar Fontana, Brazilian government took over Transbrasil management. However, soon Fontana started to disagree with the Brazilian Air Force officers nominated to run the company and in 1989 the intervention was cancelled. After Fontana stepped out from Transbrasil management due to health issues, the company was run by his son-in-law Celso Cipriani - a former police officer with no previous experience on airline management. Cipriani tenure on Transbrasil was controversial, and he has been formally charged with fraud, embezzlement of funds and property and mismanagement since then.

On January 14, 1994, Transbrasil created its regional subsidiary Interbrasil STAR to operate as feeder-carrier. Services started on July 3, 1995.

In addition to the management problems, Transbrasil was also facing other difficulties, specially the reduced or no profit from its international routes, severe competition from other companies in the domestic front (specially TAM, a former air taxi company with a growing fleet) and growing expenses. Following the September 11 attacks, despite several government loans, Transbrasil was amassing huge debts with several suppliers. When Shell refused to further supply fuel without payment, Transbrasil's then aging and reduced fleet was grounded on 3 December 2001. It never returned to the air, and was declared bankrupt in 2003 at the request of one of its major debtors - GE Capital Aviation Services.

After bankruptcy (2003–2010)

On 16 September 2009 the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court began the analysis of the legality of the bankruptcy of Transbrasil. The bankruptcy was confirmed on 2 October 2009.

That same year, the Public Ministry was preparing to file charges against the senior management of the company. The main accused being Celso Cipriani, who allegedly committed crimes that hastened the company's demise.

In 2010, the debt which caused the bankruptcy of Transbrasil was invalidated by the Court of Justice of São Paulo.

On 15 February 2023, it was announced that the airframes of PT-TAA and PT-TAB would be moved away after being abandoned for 21 years at Brasília Airport. This finally happened on 17 February 2023.

Destinations
Transbrasil operated scheduled services to the destinations below. The list includes destinations served by subsidiaries Interbrasil STAR, Aerobrasil and also destinations operated under the airline original name Sadia.

Airline Affinity Program
TransPass was the Frequent-flyer program of Transbrasil. Points could be used on Transbrasil and Interbrasil STAR services. Points held at the time of the airline's collapse lost their value as no other airline took over the program.

As Sadia

 * 4 August 1963: a Douglas C-49E registration PP-SLL en route from Joaçaba to Videira crashed into a hill when approaching Videira under poor visibility. All 10 occupants died.
 * 3 November 1967: a Handley Page Dart Herald 214 registration PP-SDJ flying from São Paulo-Congonhas to Curitiba-Afonso Pena collided with a hill during approach to land at Curitiba. All crew and 21 passengers died, 4 passengers survived.
 * 16 March 1968: Douglas C-47A-35-DL (DC-3) registration PP-AST en route from Miami to Arica Chile crashed near Tacna. All 4 occupants died.

As Transbrasil

 * 22 January 1976: an Embraer EMB 110C Bandeirante registration PT-TBD operating flight 107 from Chapecó to Erechim, crashed upon take-off from Chapecó. Seven of the nine passengers and crew on board died.
 * 12 April 1980: a Boeing 727-27C registration PT-TYS operating flight 303 flying from São Paulo-Congonhas to Florianópolis was on a night instrumental approach to Florianópolis Airport under a severe thunderstorm. The aircraft went off course, struck a hill and exploded. Probable causes are misjudgment of speed and distance, inadequate flight supervision, failure to initiate a go-around and improper operation of the engines. Of the 58 passengers and crew aboard, 3 passengers survived.
 * 21 March 1989: Flight 801, a cargo Boeing 707-349C registration PT-TCS, flying from Manaus to São Paulo-Guarulhos, crashed at the district of Vila Barros in Guarulhos, shortly before touch-down at runway 09R. That day, at 12:00 the runway was going to be closed for maintenance and the crew decided to speed up procedures to touch-down before closure (it was already 11:54). In a hurry, one of the crew members, by mistake, activated the air-dynamic brakes and the aircraft lost too much speed to have enough aerodynamic support (Stall). As a consequence the aircraft crashed at approximately 2 km from the airport. There were 25 fatalities which of these three were crew members and 22 were civilians on the accident site. As well as the 22 fatalities, there were also over 200 injured on the ground. This aircraft was used in the filming of the movie Airport.

title: Transbrasil


text: Talk:Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars

title: Talk:Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars


text:
Roswell Lamson

Roswell Hawkes Lamson (30 March 1838 – 14 August 1903) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.

Biography
Born in Burlington, Iowa, Lamson accompanied his natal family as Oregon Trail pioneers of 1847. He was appointed to the United States Naval Academy on 20 September 1858, with the rank of acting-midshipman, the first Oregonian to receive an appointment. After graduating in 1862, completing his training on active duty, he saw action in the Civil War.

Promoted to lieutenant on August 1, 1862, he commanded the gunboat USS Mount Washington (1846) in joint Army-Navy operations on the Nansemond River, and played an important role in the capture of batteries at Hill's Point in April 1863.

On 2 May 1864, at the New York Navy Yard, Lamson commissioned the gunboat USS Gettysburg (1858), a former blockade runner captured off Wilmington, North Carolina, in November 1863. He spent the next seven months commanding Gettysburg while stationed off the Cape Fear River, as part of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, capturing several ships.

Lamson was in the forefront of the attacks on Fort Fisher, which stood at the entrance of the Cape Fear River protecting the approach to Wilmington. In December 1864, an attempt was made to reduce the fort by means of a "powder boat" – in effect a floating bomb. The plan, concocted by General Benjamin F. Butler, called for the steamer USS Louisiana (1861) to be loaded with 215 tons of gunpowder and sailed under the walls of the fort and detonated, destroying the fortifications and stunning the garrison into submission. On the night of December 23/24, the Louisiana, under Commander Alexander Rhind, was towed by USS Wilderness (1864), commanded by Lamson, to within 300 yards of the fort. Rhind set the fuzes and he and his crew abandoned ship, and were picked up by Wilderness, which promptly sailed for safety. After 80 minutes the ship finally exploded. Unfortunately the tide and an offshore breeze had moved the Louisiana further away from the fort, and the explosion had no effect.

During the second attack, on January 15, 1865, after a preliminary naval bombardment, Lamson led a landing party of sailors and marines from Gettysburg, as part of a naval force assaulting the sea face of Fort Fisher, while the army attacked the landward face. Lamson and his men were pinned down under the ramparts of the fort by enemy fire, spending the night in a ditch. However, the attack by the navy diverted enough of the defenders to make the army assault successful, and the fort was taken. Lamson's friend and fellow officer Samuel W. Preston was killed in the assault.

Lamson resigned from the Navy on July 6, 1866, and returned to Oregon, where he was appointed to be clerk of U.S. Customs. On January 9, 1895, he was reappointed lieutenant and placed on the retired list on April 15, 1895.

Lamson died in Portland, Oregon, on 14 August 1903.

Namesakes
Three U.S. Navy destroyers have been named USS Lamson in his honor.

title: Roswell Lamson


text:
Schönefeld (disambiguation)

Schönefeld may refer to:

Places in Germany

 * Schönefeld, a municipality of Brandenburg near Berlin
 * Leipzig-Schönefeld, a quarter of Leipzig, Saxony
 * Schönefeld (Beelitz), a village in the town Beelitz, Brandenburg
 * Schönefeld (Niedergörsdorf), a village in the municipality Niedergörsdorf, Brandenburg
 * Schönefeld (Nuthe-Urstromtal), a village in the municipality Nuthe-Urstromtal, Brandenburg

Transportation

 * Berlin-Schönefeld Airport, one of Berlin's two main airports.
 * Berlin Schönefeld Flughafen station, the railway station of the airport
 * Autobahnkreuz Schönefeld, a German road interchange between the motorways A10, A13, A113

title: Schönefeld (disambiguation)


text:
Uwharrie Mountains

The Uwharrie Mountains are a mountain range in North Carolina spanning the counties of Randolph, Montgomery, Stanly, and Davidson. The range's foothills stretch into Cabarrus, Anson, Union, and Richmond counties.

The Uwharries were once a coastal mountain range; isostasy has slowly raised the eastern seabed until today they lie in the Piedmont of North Carolina over 150 mi from the coast. Formed approximately 500 million years ago by accretion along the Gondwanan tectonic plate, they are thought to have once peaked at some 20000 ft, before eroding to a maximum of just over 1100 ft. The range's high point is High Rock Mountain (1188 ft as measured by the NC Geodetic Survey), in southwestern Davidson County.

The Uwharrie lie within the Southeastern mixed forests ecoregion. They give their name to the Uwharrie National Forest. Once entirely cleared for timber and farmland, the mountains were designated a U.S. National Forest in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy. The woodlands have since returned, providing a haven for a diversity of wildlife, recreational facilities, and numerous Native American archeological sites.

In 1799, the discovery of gold at the nearby Reed Gold Mine in Cabarrus County led to America's first gold rush.

The North Carolina Zoo, America's first state-supported zoo, is located in the Uwharries region.

The Caraway Mountains, a segment of the Uwharries, are located in western Randolph County, west of Asheboro.

Protected areas

 * Birkhead Mountains Wilderness
 * Morrow Mountain State Park
 * Uwharrie National Forest

title: Uwharrie Mountains


text: Category:432 deaths

title: Category:432 deaths


text: Category:Edie Brickell & New Bohemians albums


text: Category:432 BC

title: Category:432 BC