text:
The Men (1950 film)

The Men is a 1950 American drama film. Set mostly in a paraplegic ward of a VA hospital, the film stars Marlon Brando (in his film debut) as an ex-GI named Ken who as a result of a war wound is paralyzed and uses a wheelchair. Suffering depression and impaired self-concept, Ken struggles to accept his disability and his need to accept care from others, including from his fiancée/wife.

Directed by Fred Zinnemann, the film was written by Carl Foreman, produced by Stanley Kramer and co-starred Teresa Wright and Everett Sloane. It received generally favorable reviews and an Academy Award nomination for writing.

Plot
The film opens with a printed dedication: In all Wars, since the beginning of History, there have been men who fought twice. The first time they battled with club, sword or machine gun. The second time they had none of these weapons. Yet this by far, was the greatest battle. It was fought with abiding faith and raw courage and in the end, Victory was achieved. This is the story of such a group of men. To them this film is dedicated. During World War II, U.S. Army Lieutenant Ken Wilocek is shot in the back by a sniper, injuring his spinal cord. In the years that follow, he faces a series of ongoing struggles in accepting his condition, in rehabilitation and in re-entering society. The film also focuses on the challenges facing Ken and Ellen, his fiancée, as individuals and as a couple, before and after they marry. It also highlights events in the lives of the other men in the Veterans Administration hospital, from a wedding celebration to a sudden death from meningitis. Dr. Brock heads the team of doctors, nurses and physical therapists. Near the end of the film, when Ken accuses him of not understanding the difficulties threatening his marriage, Brock tells Ken about his own frustration: "I can never see a patient walk out of here, never. I can keep a man alive, but in his heart he feels I failed him. You feel that way, don't you? Took me a long time to get used to that." He reveals that he began specializing in paraplegia 18 years ago, after his wife was injured in a car accident. "Paraplegia was a new field, then. At least she didn't have to suffer too long ... I'd give anything I've got to know that when I go home I'd find her there, waiting for me, in a wheelchair." He can't promise that everything will work out with Ellen, but if she loves Ken, and he behaves, chances are good. Anyway, he says, Ken has a lot of living to do, and he has to do it for himself.

Ken drives to Ellen's parents' home, some distance from the hospital, takes out his wheelchair and goes up the steep brick front walk until a step blocks him. Ellen comes out. "You've come a long way", she says. "Do you want me to help you up the steps?" He replies, "Please." The film ends in a long shot of Ellen helping him to push his wheelchair into the house.

Cast

 * Marlon Brando as Ken Wilocek
 * Teresa Wright as Ellen
 * Everett Sloane as Dr. Brock
 * Jack Webb as Norm
 * Richard Erdman as Leo
 * Arthur Jurado as Angel
 * Virginia Farmer as Nurse Robbins
 * Dorothy Tree as Ellen's Mother
 * Howard St. John as Ellen's Father
 * Many of the patients and staff at the Birmingham Veterans Administration Hospital” in Van Nuys, California, where much of the picture was filmed.

Production
According to TCM.com "In addition to Arthur Jurado, a real-life paraplegic who was given a sizable speaking role, many others from Birmingham Hospital were added to the cast, including Dr. Norman Karr, physical therapist Helen Winston and nurses Rhoda Cormeny and Eunice Newberry."

In an October 16, 1949 New York Times article, "Grim Masquerade", Gladwin Hill described how Brando was spending a month at the hospital, adding that writer Carl Foreman had spent longer than that. Before the film's release, Director Fred Zinneman wrote an article titled "On Using Non-Actors in Pictures" for the January 8, 1950, edition of The New York Times. He describes the process of working with the men and choosing those who would appear in the picture, especially Jurado. Zinneman wrote that "All of the situations and dialogue in the script of The Men were written by Carl Foreman from material that he picked up from the men themselves while spending weeks with them ..."

Reception
The film was banned in the United Kingdom because of a scene in which Dr. Brock speaks to a group of wives, mothers, fiancées and girlfriends of patients. The subject of having children (and, by implication, sexual relations) with a paraplegic husband is discussed, and Brock tells them that the ability to beget children varies in individual cases, but was unlikely overall. (Late in the film, Ellen asks Dr. Brock about children—or more specifically, her parents' desire for grandchildren.)

Upon release, The Men received generally positive reviews, particularly for its screenplay. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 77% based on reviews from 13 critics. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times gave the film a positive review and wrote: "Stern in its intimations of the terrible consequences of war, this film is a haunting and affecting, as well as a rewarding, drama to have at this time." Variety also gave a favorable review, and noted: "Producer Stanley Kramer turns to the difficult cinematic subject of paraplegics, so expertly treated as to be sensitive, moving and yet, withal, entertaining and earthy-humored."

Brando's screen debut received much praise, and The Hollywood Reporter acclaimed him as “an important new star in the Hollywood horizon." Variety saw it differently: "Brando fails to deliver with the necessary sensitivity and inner warmth which would transform an adequate portrayal into an expert one. Slight speech impediment which sharply enhanced his Streetcar role jars here. His supposed college graduate depiction is consequently not completely convincing."

In 1950, The New York Times' Bosley Crowther covered the film in several articles.

Reissue
The film was reissued by National Telefilm Associates under the title Battle Stripe together with the 1943 Lewis Milestone film The North Star which was renamed Armored Attack.

Accolades
Carl Foreman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay. The National Board of Review placed the film on its annual list of the ten best movies of the year.

title: The Men (1950 film)


text:
Jeff McInnis

Jeff Lemans McInnis (born October 22, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA), in Greece and in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA).

Playing career
After his junior year playing for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McInnis was chosen by the Denver Nuggets in the second round of the 1996 NBA draft. He played three seasons for the Quad City Thunder of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) from 1997 to 2000. He was selected as the CBA Newcomer of the Year and named to the All-CBA Second Team and All-Defensive Team in 1998. He was chosen as the CBA Most Valuable Player and a member of the All-CBA First Team in 2000.

All together, during his NBA career, McInnis would play for the Nuggets, the New Jersey Nets, the Cleveland Cavaliers, the Portland Trail Blazers, the Los Angeles Clippers, and the Washington Wizards.

For the 2005–06 season, the New Jersey Nets acquired McInnis, a free agent, mainly to back up star point guard Jason Kidd. McInnis played limited minutes, tore left-knee cartilage on January 15, and missed significant time.

Ahead of his return for the 2006 playoffs, the Nets kept McInnis inactive. The team's attempts to negotiate a contract buyout or a trade before the new season were unsuccessful, leaving McInnis in limbo, on the roster but exiled, early in the 2006–07 season.

On January 3, 2007, the Charlotte Bobcats received McInnis from the Nets in trade for Bernard Robinson and cash considerations. McInnis, who would play 38 games for Charlotte, averaging 4.3 points and 3.3 assists per game, was waived by the Bobcats on February 29, 2008.

Coaching career
In 2009, McInnis founded the AAU organization Team Charlotte. In 2015, he won 17U National Coach of the Year honors. In 2019, he became national head basketball coach at Combine Academy in Lincolnton, North Carolina. His stint there ended in 2022.

In April of 2024 Chris Mack hired McInnis as an assistant coach for the Charleston Cougars, his first collegiate coaching position.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jeff McInnis


text:
Talk:City of Dundee

Removed Invergowrie - it is in Perth and Kinross Adambisset 18:15, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article title - proposed merger
It is my impression that the article has been created with the intention that it should be about the politics of the city council area, not about the city and council area in general, for which "Dundee" exists. This is not explicit in the article title, however, and I am aware of various other articles linking to it with the implication that it should be about the city in general. Seems to me the content should be somewhere else, eg "Politics of the Dundee City council area", and "City of Dundee" should be a redirect to "Dundee". Laurel Bush 09:38, 31 August 2006 (UTC).

Seems to me the article should be a redirect to "Dundee". Most of the content is now in "Politics of the Dundee City council area", and summarised as a subtopic of the Dundee article. Laurel Bush 16:02, 14 September 2006 (UTC).

Looks like maybe I should just do it, and thus find out whether anyone will want to revert. Laurel Bush 12:55, 15 September 2006 (UTC).

Done. Laurel Bush 16:23, 15 September 2006 (UTC).

title: Talk:City of Dundee


text:
Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell

Antony Patrick MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell, (7 March 1844 – 9 June 1925), known as Sir Antony MacDonnell between 1893 and 1908, was an Irish civil servant, much involved in the Indian land reform and famine relief in India. He was Permanent Under-Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1902–1908); Member of the Council of India (1902); Privy Councillor (1902); Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (1895–1901); Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal (1893–1895); Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces (1890–1893); Chief Commissioner of Burma (1889–1890); Home Secretary to the Central Government of India (1886–1889); Secretary to the Government of Bengal and the Bengal Legislative Council.

Early life
MacDonnell was born at Palmfield House, Shragh Lower, Carracastle, Ballaghaderreen, County Mayo, on 7 March 1844, to Mark Garvey MacDonnell (1807–1889), a local Catholic landlord, and his wife, Bedelia (née O'Hara). He was educated at Summerhill College, Athlone, County Westmeath, and at the age of fifteen enrolled at Queen's College, Galway. His main area of study was the field of modern languages, and he graduated with first class honors in 1864, winning the Peel Gold Medal.

Little is known of MacDonnell's early life, as he left no memoirs nor any letters. He participated in the Literary & Debating Society (then known as the Literary and Scientific Society) at Queen's College, holding the office of vice-auditor for the 1863–1864 session. He was referred to by one of his professors as the finest debater the professor had ever seen. On leaving university in 1864, MacDonnell successfully sat the entrance examination for the Indian Civil Service, and was posted to Bengal, arriving in Calcutta in November 1865.

India
On arrival in India, MacDonnell served initially in various districts of Bihar and Bengal, and on the basis of his experiences in the Bengal Famine of 1873–4, he wrote his first book, Food-Grain Supply and Famine Relief in Bihar and Bengal, published in 1876. He was appointed Accountant-General to the Provincial Government at Calcutta in 1881, and later Revenue Secretary of the province. In 1886, Lord Dufferin appointed him Home Secretary to the Central Government of India; two years later, he was created Companion of the Star of India (C.S.I.). In 1889, he became Chief Commissioner of Burma; in 1890, Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces; and in 1893, Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, becoming a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council. In 1893 he was also appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI).

In 1895, MacDonnell became Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh (later known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh). Here, in 1896, he was once again faced with famine; his efforts in the management of the famine were recognised when he was made a Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India (GCSI) in 1898. In that same year, the viceroy, Lord Elgin, requested that MacDonnell again take charge of Bengal as Lieutenant-Governor, an offer he declined due to fatigue and the frail health of his wife. He became President of the Indian Famine Commission in 1901. In that year, due to his own ill-health and that of his wife, he resigned office and left India to return to London.

MacDonnell is acknowledged as one of the ablest men to work in the Indian Civil Service, particularly in dealing with famine relief. His policies on the management of famine conditions are credited with preventing the loss of million of lives. His concern for the rights of tenants and smallholders led to the Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885, a piece of progressive legislation which protected tenant farmers from rack-rents and arbitrary eviction; a similar measure was introduced to the Northwest Provinces during his lieutenant-governorship there. However it would appear that MacDonnell was not liked within the upper echelons of the service he came to occupy. His position had been achieved through intellectual ability and dedication to each task set before him, yet he was looked down upon as his background was certainly not that of a 'gentleman,' lacking the familial connections of this contemporaries. He did, however, have a powerful friend in Lord Curzon the Viceroy. Curzon admired MacDonnell's tenacious capabilities when faced with drastic problems, qualities that were gravely lacking within Curzon himself. A further insight on MacDonnell's isolation was Curzon's somewhat cutting reference to MacDonnell as "singularly lacking any human emotion." Nevertheless, Sir Antony MacDonnell rose to some of the highest civilian offices within the British Raj. His strength and tenacity earned MacDonnell the soubriquet "The Bengal Tiger"; a colleague observed: "If Antony and another are cast away in an open boat and only one of them can live, it will not be Antony who is eaten."

MacDonnell was sworn of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom on 11 August 1902, following an announcement of the King's intention to make this appointment in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published in June that year. He was also appointed a member of the Council of India in October October 1902. It was expected that he would be appointed Governor of Bombay in that year, but instead he opted to accept an offer from George Wyndham, Chief Secretary for Ireland, to become Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Ireland, the administrative head of the Irish Government.

The MacDonnell Hostel, Aftab Hall, Aligarh Muslim University
In the year 1895, Antony Patrick MacDonnell was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of North West Province and Oudh. He served in this position till the year 1901. Honouring a request for funds towards construction of a hostel at Aligarh Muslim University, MacDonnell sanctioned Rs. 20,000 from the provincial budget in 1900 for the construction of a hostel to meet lodging problems of the students at the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College. The construction work was completed in March 1904 and a hostel of Aftab Hall was named the MacDonnell Hostel after him.

Under-Secretary for Ireland
MacDonnell was known to be sympathetic to the cause of Irish Home Rule, and his return to London elicited an offer to join his brother, Dr Mark Anthony MacDonnell, in the House of Commons as an independent nationalist. Competing for his attention, however, was a recommendation by Lord Lansdowne, his former superior as Viceroy of India, to the Chief Secretary for Ireland that MacDonnell be offered the position of Permanent Under-Secretary for Ireland, the administrative head of the Irish government.

MacDonnell entered into lengthy negotiations with Lansdowne and the Chief Secretary, George Wyndham, regarding the terms under which he would accept the position; he was not content to occupy the traditional role of an administrative civil servant, with little input into the formulation of policy. He eventually accepted the office of Under-Secretary on the explicit understanding that he would be given "adequate opportunities of influencing the policy and acts of the administration".

MacDonnell's choice to return to head the Irish administration was surprising for several reasons. The position and authority that MacDonnell enjoyed in India was greater than any he could hope to hold as Under-Secretary in Ireland. Additionally, the Government in London was in the hands of the Conservative Party; MacDonnell was a Liberal and a Catholic. The decision to offer the role to MacDonnell may have had its origins in the Conservative policy of "killing Home Rule with kindness". It is clear that MacDonnell saw his role as far more significant than that of an administrative functionary. At the time of his appointment as Under-Secretary, he was also given a seat on the Council of India, to provide an alternative should his time in Ireland fail to meet his expectations. His commitment to Ireland, however, had become clear by 1903, in which year he was offered a return to India as Governor of Bombay; King Edward VII intervened to persuade MacDonnell that he was needed more in Ireland than in India.

MacDonnell's early years as Under-Secretary were a success. The Conservative Chief Secretary, Wyndham, was supportive of constructive steps to reform systems of land tenure in Ireland, and the 1902 Land Conference resulted in the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903, which allowed tenants to buy their holdings from landlords through a system of state-provided loans. Plans for reform of the Dublin Castle administration were also brought forward. Following on from these administrative reforms, MacDonnell entered more politically dangerous territory, by collaborating with several liberal landlords led by the Fourth Earl of Dunraven in drawing up a plan for the devolution of some governmental authority from the Westminster parliament to an elected council in Dublin, albeit in a manner consistent with the Act of Union 1800. The landowners involved formed a group known as the Irish Reform Association, and published the outline of the scheme in a 1904 manifesto; Lord Dunraven requested that MacDonnell formulate the plan in greater detail. Understanding that he had the support of the new Lord Lieutenant, Lord Dudley, as well as Wyndham, MacDonnell proceeded to draft a document on Dublin Castle notepaper which constituted a second devolution manifesto, and sent it to Dunraven, who had it published.

It quickly became publicly known that MacDonnell had assisted the Irish Reform Association in the drafting of the scheme. This enraged Ulster Unionist interests, who had in any event been suspicious of MacDonnell due to his known sympathies toward Home Rule. The events precipitated a political crisis; Wyndham repudiated the scheme in a letter to The Times, but by March 1905, due to repeated Unionist attacks, his position as Chief Secretary had become untenable and he was forced to resign from Cabinet. He was replaced by Walter Long, a strong unionist. MacDonnell was formally censured by the Cabinet for exceeding his powers, but remained in office. Although unable to defend himself in parliament, many aristocratic associates from his service in India remained favorably disposed towards him and defended his position. He was also helped by the fact, known among prominent government figures, that he enjoyed the strong support of King Edward VII, to whom he was quite close.

On the fall of the Balfour government in 1905, James Bryce replaced Long as Chief Secretary for Ireland in the new Liberal administration. Bryce relied heavily on MacDonnell, as did his successor, Augustine Birrell, who was appointed in 1907, and together they drafted a new devolution scheme, the Irish Council Bill, which sought to initiate a committee of Irish M.P.s to deal with legislation relating purely to Ireland. The initiative was unsuccessful, failing to secure the support of a majority of Irish Nationalist MPs.

MacDonnell's latter years in office were less eventful. One of the most colourful incidents of his later career was the crisis surrounding the theft of the regalia of the Order of St. Patrick, known popularly as the "Irish Crown Jewels", from the Office of Arms in Dublin Castle shortly before a royal visit to Ireland in 1907. His relationship with Birrell was never comfortable, and, frustrated by the lack of progress towards a workable scheme of devolution for Ireland, he resigned his post in July 1908, at the age of 64. He was a delegate for the Southern Unionists during the 1917–18 Irish Convention.

MacDonnell was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in 1903, and on his retirement from office in 1908 he was elevated to the peerage as Baron MacDonnell, of Swinford in the County of Mayo (a town close to his birthplace).

Retirement
MacDonnell retired to London and withdrew in large part from public life. His contributions to the House of Lords tended to focus on Irish and Indian matters. He served as Chairman of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service between 1912 and 1914, and as a member of the Irish Convention of 1917–18. He accepted only two company directorships – of the Midland Great Western Railway Company, and the National Bank, of which he became vice-chairman. On the creation of the Irish Free State in 1921, he was offered a seat in the new Senate, which he declined "with much regret".

In retirement, he retained his strong interest in matters of Irish land reform. He returned to his alma mater, by then known as University College Galway, in 1911, to address the Literary and Debating Society of which he had been a distinguished officer in his student days. After a speech setting out a proposal for a workable solution to Irish agrarian demands, he finished with the patriotic lines: "Oh brave young men, my pride, my hope, my promise/It is on you my heart is set/In manliness, in kindliness, in justice,/To make Ireland a nation yet."

Family
Lord MacDonnell married Henrietta MacDonell, daughter of Ewen MacDonell, chief of the Keppoch branch of the clan Macdonald, in 1878. They had one child, The Hon. Anne Margaret MacDonnell.

Lord MacDonnell died after a brief illness at his home in London on 9 June 1925, aged 81. Leaving no male heir, his barony became extinct at his death. A statue of MacDonnell by Sir George Frampton was erected at Lucknow by the Talukdars of Oudh in 1907.

Titles

 * 1844–1888: Antony MacDonnell
 * 1888–1893: Antony MacDonnell, CSI
 * 1893–1898: Sir Antony MacDonnell, KCSI
 * 1898–1902: Sir Antony MacDonnell, GCSI
 * 1902–1903: Sir Antony MacDonnell, GCSI, PC
 * 1903–1908: Sir Antony MacDonnell, GCSI, KCVO, PC
 * 1908–1925: The Right Honourable the Lord MacDonnell of Swinford, GCSI, KCVO, PC

title: Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell


text:
Les Horribles Cernettes

Les Horribles Cernettes (, "The Horrible CERN Girls") was an all-female parody pop group, self-labelled "the one and only High Energy Rock Band", which was founded by employees of CERN and performed at CERN and other HEP-related events. Their main claim to fame is that a photograph of them was one of the earliest photographic images shared on the world wide web.

Their musical style is often described as doo-wop. The initials of their name, LHC, are the same as those of the Large Hadron Collider, which was later built at CERN. Their humorous songs are freely available on their website.

History
Les Horribles Cernettes was founded in 1990 by Michele de Gennaro, a graphic designer at CERN, whose romantic relationship with a physicist was made difficult by his numerous shifts. She attracted attention by stepping on stage during the CERN Hardronic Festival, singing "Collider", a melancholy song about the lonely nights endured by the girlfriend of a high energy physicist.

"I gave you a golden ring to show you my love

You went to stick it in a printed circuit

To fix a voltage leak in your collector

You plug my feelings into your detector

You never spend your nights with me

You don't go out with other girls either

You only love your collider

Your collider."

The group was subsequently formed with the help of Silvano de Gennaro, an analyst in the Computer Science department at CERN, who wrote additional songs. The fame of Les Horribles Cernettes grew and they were invited to international Physics conferences and The World '92 Expo in Seville, as well as celebrations such as Georges Charpak's Nobel Prize party. At the same time the band self-released an album titled Collider through CD Baby and received press coverage from numerous newspapers, including The New York Times, The Herald Tribune, La Tribune de Genève, and the CERN Courier.

The band's lineup has changed over time, but they were performing under the same name until 21 July 2012, when the band had its final performance, which was at CERN's Hardronic Festival in Switzerland.

The band went into hiatus when Silvano and Michele moved away from the CERN area and officially disbanded in late July 2012, after performing at the CERN Hardronic Festival on the 21st. Lynn Veronneau has since embarked upon a serious solo career, recording French language versions of popular standards. Angela Higney also made several solo releases.

On July 15, 2017, and in celebration of their 25th anniversary (of their historic exposure on the World Wide Web), the original members performed for a one-time-only concert in Geneva.

In May 2020 the band released a new song titled "The Lockdown Song" referencing to the events of COVID-19 pandemic.

First photo on the web
Les Cernettes is the subject of the first photo of a band and one of the first photos on the Web: "Back in 1992, after their show at the CERN Hardronic Festival, my colleague Tim Berners-Lee asked me for a few scanned photos of "the CERN girls" to publish them on some sort of information system he had just invented, called the "World Wide Web". I had only a vague idea of what that was, but I scanned some photos on my Mac and FTPed them to Tim's now famous "info.cern.ch". How was I to know that I was passing a historical milestone, as the one above was the first picture of a band ever to be clicked on in a web browser!"

Silvano had taken the picture above on July 18, 1992 with a Canon EOS 650.

Singles

 * "The Lockdown Song" - 2020

Other songs
The song performed at the CERN Hardronic '98 festival: New 2007 songs presented for the first time in the CERN 2007 Hardronic festival:
 * "Goodbye Sweet CERN"
 * "Big Bang"
 * "Mr. Higgs"

title: Les Horribles Cernettes


text:
User:PeterisP

lv:User:PeterisP

title: User:PeterisP


text:
Talk:PRR K4s/to do

 * Add references!!!
 * Describe valve gear experiments, results on future motive power policy
 * Describe K4sa project, units converted, benefits, why not generally adopted
 * Discuss iconic nature of K4s, how it became PRR "trademark", appearance in PRR calendar art etc. Grif Teller.
 * Discuss locomotives inspired by K4s, particularly Gresley's pacifics in UK
 * Detailed treatment of survivors, including Offical State Locomotive of PA status of one, restoration attempts, current status.
 * Last years of service, last trains hauled, final in service locomotives, etc.
 * Specifications table

title: Talk:PRR K4s/to do


text: User talk:216.194.62.104

title: User talk:216.194.62.104


text:
Brenda Davies

Brenda Ethel Davies (née Mathews) (January 17, 1917 – January 9, 2013) was an Australian actress and stage manager. She was the wife and literary executor of Canadian novelist Robertson Davies.

Mathews was born in Melbourne, and met Davies at the University of Oxford. Sharing an interest in theatre, they became engaged at the Old Vic in 1939 and married in 1940. Returning to Canada, they settled in Peterborough, Ontario, and had three daughters. Brenda gave up her career in the theatre.

Her influence on Davies extended to persuading him to begin writing novels after some success as a playwright and to become principal of Massey College.

After Davies' death in 1995, she and one of their daughters, Jennifer Surridge, became literary executors for his estate, and formed the company Pendragon Ink for this purpose. Together they edited one volume of Davies' criticism.

She was the sister of Maisie Purves Smith, who became the second wife of the painter Sir Russell Drysdale.

title: Brenda Davies


text:
Talk:History of the Republic of Ireland

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on History of the Republic of Ireland. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110313092256/http://www.ntma.ie/Publications/2011/NTMAResultsAndBusinessReview2010.pdf to http://www.ntma.ie/Publications/2011/NTMAResultsAndBusinessReview2010.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 03:22, 23 January 2018 (UTC)

Large scale edits needed
This article is about the state and its laws, and a lot of the surrounding social history is not relevant to this. If it's in History of Ireland, or Culture of Ireland, or Catholic Church in Ireland, it doesn't belong here, beyond adding links in "see also".78.16.104.162 (talk) 21:23, 4 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Disagree. Apart from anything else, most of the content here on social history is precisely about the state and its laws re abortion ,divorce, etc. The economics is also closely bound up with the state and its policies. Jdorney (talk) 17:16, 5 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of the Republic of Ireland


text:
Richard Baker

Richard Baker or Richie Baker may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Richard Baker (broadcaster) (1925–2018), British broadcaster
 * Richard Baker (composer) (born 1972), British composer and conductor
 * Richard A. Baker (makeup artist) (born 1950), known as Rick, American special makeup effects artist
 * Richard Baker (Disc Jockey) (DJ Richie B),British born disc Jockey (1968)
 * Richard Baker (game designer), American author and game designer
 * Richard Anthony Baker (1946–2016), British radio producer and author
 * Richard Foster Baker (1857–1921), American director and actor
 * Machine Gun Kelly (rapper) (Richard Colson Baker, born 1990), American rapper and actor
 * Two Ton Baker (Dick Baker, 1916–1975), Chicago pianist, television host, and recording artist most known for novelty and children's work

Business

 * Richard Baker (merchant) (1819–1875), American merchant
 * Richard C. Baker (1858–1937), UK/US businessman, President of Pacific Coast Borax and Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad
 * Richard Baker (American businessman, born 1946) (1946–2009), American businessman and surf apparel executive for Ocean Pacific
 * Richard Baker (British businessman, born 1962), former chief operating officer of Asda Stores Ltd. and CEO of Boots Group
 * Richard A. Baker (businessman) (born 1965), chairman and CEO of the Hudson's Bay Trading Company in Canada

Politics

 * Richard Baker (English politician, died 1594), Member of Parliament for Lancaster, Horsham, New Shoreham and New Romney
 * Richard Baker (American politician) (born 1948), American politician from Louisiana
 * Richard Baker (Scottish politician) (born 1974), Scottish politician
 * Richard Baker (Victorian politician) (1830–1915), Victorian state politician
 * Richard Chaffey Baker (1842–1911), South Australian politician, first President of the Senate
 * Richard Langton Baker (1870–1951), Canadian politician
 * Richard Wingfield-Baker (1802–1881), British Liberal Party politician, MP for South Essex, 1868–1874

Religion

 * Richard Baker (theologian) (1741–1818), English theological writer
 * Richard H. Baker (bishop) (1897–1981), Episcopal bishop of North Carolina
 * Richard Baker (Zen teacher) (born 1936), American Zen Buddhist teacher

Sports

 * Richard Baker (cricketer) (born 1952), English cricketer
 * Richie Baker (Irish footballer) (born 1980), former Irish footballer
 * Richie Baker (English footballer) (born 1987), English footballer

Other

 * Richard Baker (chronicler) (1568–1645), English chronicler
 * Richard A. Baker (historian) (born 1940), historian of the United States Senate
 * Richard Thomas Baker (1854–1941), Australian economic botanist
 * Richard H. Baker, inventor of an electronic circuit called the "Baker clamp"
 * Richard R. Baker (1909–1993), pronouncer of the Scripps National Spelling Bee

title: Richard Baker


text:
Beretta 93R

The Beretta 93R is an Italian selective-fire machine pistol, designed and manufactured by Beretta in the late 1970s for police and military use, that is derived from their semi-automatic Beretta 92. The "R" stands for Raffica, which is Italian for "volley", "flurry", or "burst" (sometimes spoken "R" as "Rapid" in English).

History
The Beretta 93R was designed to be used by the Italian counter-terrorism forces of the national police Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza and Carabineri Gruppo di Intervento Speciale (both formed in the late 1970s in response to terrorism) but was also adopted by other police and military forces who required a concealable weapon with rapid fire capabilities. The pistol is a development of the Beretta 92 design.

Mechanics
The Beretta 93R is mechanically similar to the Beretta 92. It can be selected to fire either a three round burst or single fire. A selector switch enables the operator to alternate between the two firing modes. The pistol is fitted with a collapsible angled foregrip at the front end of the trigger guard to provide better stability when firing. A folding steel buttstock can be attached at the heel of the grip. The Beretta 93R is much more controllable compared to other machine pistols because it was designed with only a three-round burst mode as well as a ported barrel.

Users

 * 🇩🇿 Algeria
 * 🇭🇳 Honduras
 * 🇮🇹 Italy

In film
The gun was used as the basis of the Robocop Auto 9 gun prop.

title: Beretta 93R


text:
User talk:Beetlenaut

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! By the way. Thanks for your work on Eyepiece lens. And please try to improve telescope as well (since you seem knowledgeable about the subject). Usually, the articles about the bigger subject are more important and should include some information about the smaller related subjects. Removing the merge notice is good and well, but be sure to explain something about eye piece lenses in the telescope article. Happy editing! [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 18:26, Dec 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

About the welcome
You'd probably be surprised to know that there's actually a Welcoming committee in existence going rould welcoming new members (we do use premade messages though). As for eyepiece lens and telescope. Feel free to do it in any order you like. The whole experience should be fun and if you want to start with less daunting tasks first that's perfectly okay. Feel free to contact me with questions :) [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 09:02, Dec 17, 2004 (UTC)

See my talk page User talk:Gene Nygaard for reply about fractions like ¼, then you can delete this message if you like. I don't think I'll bother doing this with the more experienced Wikipedians, but when I do it this way you get a "You have new messages". Gene Nygaard 11:59, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Beetlenaut


text:
Drew Gooden

Andrew Melvin Gooden III (born September 24, 1981) is an American former professional basketball player who is currently a broadcaster for Monumental Sports Network. The power forward played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Gooden played college basketball for the Kansas Jayhawks, where he was a consensus first-team All-American in 2002. He earned NBA All-Rookie First Team honors with the Memphis Grizzlies after they selected him in the first round of the 2002 NBA draft with the fourth overall pick.

High school career
As a senior at El Cerrito High School, Gooden led his Gauchos to the 1999 California Interscholastic Federation Boys' Division III championship game. Washington Union High School (led by future NBA guard DeShawn Stevenson) won the championship game over El Cerrito HS by a score of 77–71.

College career
Gooden joined fellow freshmen Nick Collison and Kirk Hinrich for the 1999–2000 season at Kansas. Although at times, Gooden was frustrated with the way things were going his freshman year, he finally adjusted to coach Roy Williams' system.

In his freshman year, the Jayhawks went 24–10 and lost to Duke in the round of 32 during the 2000 NCAA basketball tournament. The next season, the Jayhawks went 26–7 and fell to Illinois in the 2001 NCAA basketball tournament Sweet Sixteen.

In 2002, he led the nation in rebounding and was named NABC National Player of the Year. The Jayhawks went 33–4, including 16–0 in Big 12 Conference play to win Kansas its first conference championship since 1998. The Jayhawks advanced to their first Final Four in the 2002 NCAA basketball tournament since 1993, however, they lost to the eventual national champion Maryland in the semifinal.

For being named NABC Player of the Year for 2002, Gooden's jersey (#0) was retired in 2003. The ceremony occurred at halftime of a Kansas home game with Kansas State in what would have been Gooden's senior year had he not foregone his senior year for the NBA.

Memphis Grizzlies (2002–2003)
Gooden declared himself for the draft after his junior year. Out of Kansas, Gooden was selected as the 4th overall pick by the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2002 NBA draft.

Orlando Magic (2003–2004)
In March 2003, Gooden and Gordan Giriček were traded to the Orlando Magic for Mike Miller, Ryan Humphrey, and two draft picks.

Cleveland Cavaliers (2004–2008)
On July 23, 2004, the Cleveland Cavaliers acquired Gooden, Anderson Varejão, and Steven Hunter for Tony Battie and two second-round draft picks from the Orlando Magic via trade. On January 20, 2005, Gooden led the Cavaliers to a win over the Bucks with a career-high 33 points, including 27 in the second half.

Gooden re-signed with the Cavaliers for three more years on August 14, 2006. He agreed to a three-year, $23 million contract.

In the 2006–07 NBA season, he averaged 11.1 points per game and 8.5 rebounds per game.

Chicago Bulls (2008–2009)
On February 21, 2008, at the 2007–08 season's trade deadline, Gooden was traded by the Cavs (along with Larry Hughes, Cedric Simmons, and Shannon Brown) to the Chicago Bulls as a part of a three-team, 11-player deal involving the Seattle SuperSonics.

Sacramento Kings (2009)
On February 18, 2009, at the 2008–09 season's trade deadline, Gooden, Simmons, Andrés Nocioni and Michael Ruffin was traded to the Sacramento Kings for Brad Miller and John Salmons.

On March 1, Gooden was bought out of his contract making him a free agent after playing just one game for the Kings.

San Antonio Spurs (2009)
On March 5, 2009, Gooden signed with the San Antonio Spurs for the remainder of the season.

Dallas Mavericks (2009–2010)
On July 25, 2009, Gooden posted a message on his Twitter page that said "Dallas Here I Come!!!" Dallas Mavericks owner, Mark Cuban, retweeted Gooden's tweet, adding "Welcome Drew.. !". On July 30, Gooden officially signed with the Mavericks.

Los Angeles Clippers (2010)
On February 13, 2010, Gooden was traded to the Washington Wizards along with Josh Howard, James Singleton, and Quinton Ross for Caron Butler, Brendan Haywood, and DeShawn Stevenson. Four days later, he was traded again, this time to the Los Angeles Clippers as part of a three-team, six-player trade that sent Antawn Jamison from Washington to the Cleveland Cavaliers, Žydrūnas Ilgauskas, a 2010 first-round pick and the rights to Emir Preldžič from the Cavaliers to Washington, Al Thornton from Los Angeles to Washington, and Sebastian Telfair from Los Angeles to Cleveland. Gooden changed his number from #90 to #0 during his tenure with the Clippers.

Milwaukee Bucks (2010–2013)
On July 1, 2010, Gooden agreed to a 5-year/$32 million contract with the Milwaukee Bucks, which would make the Bucks his ninth team in as many seasons in the league. On April 9, 2011, he recorded his first career triple-double in a win over the Cavaliers with 15 points, 13 rebounds, and 13 assists.

On March 7, 2012, Gooden scored a season high 27 points during a 106–104 loss to the Chicago Bulls. On March 14, Gooden recorded his second career triple-double in a win over the Cavaliers with 15 points, 10 rebounds, and 13 assists.

On July 16, 2013, the Bucks waived Gooden using the NBA's amnesty clause.

Return to the Wizards (2014–2016)
On February 26, 2014, Gooden signed a 10-day contract with the Washington Wizards. On March 8, 2014, he signed a second 10-day contract with the Wizards. On March 18, 2014, he signed with the Wizards for the rest of the season.

On July 18, 2014, Gooden re-signed with the Wizards. In the team's season opener on October 29, 2014, against the Miami Heat, Gooden was named the starting power forward in what was his first of just seven starts for the season. He subsequently scored a season-high 18 points and did not top that mark for the rest of the season.

On July 13, 2015, Gooden again re-signed with the Wizards.

Gooden's final NBA game was played on April 13, 2016, in a 109 – 98 win over the Atlanta Hawks; he recorded one point and one steal in two minutes of playing time. On July 7, 2016, the Wizards declined their option on Gooden's contract, making him an unrestricted free agent.

In February 2018, Drew Gooden joined Ice Cube's BIG3 basketball league as co-captain of 3's Company.

Personal life
Gooden is half Finnish; his father, Andrew Gooden, met Drew's mother, Ulla, while playing pro basketball in Äänekoski, Finland. Gooden's parents divorced later on, and he stayed with his father in California. In August 2014, Gooden attempted to get Finnish citizenship in order to play for their national team, but he failed to do so before the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup.

Gooden enjoys playing the piano.

At the beginning of the 2006–07 season, Gooden appeared with a patch of hair on the back of his head. He refers to this hair style as a "duck tail." Gooden said, "It is drawing a lot of attention ... One thing I've found out is even negative publicity is good publicity. At least I had the (guts) to do it." He claims women love it: "I went from not getting compliments to now being sexy."

In 2012, Gooden opened a Wingstop restaurant franchise in Altamonte Springs, Florida.

In 2016, Gooden returned to the University of Kansas and earned his degree in communications.

title: Drew Gooden


text:
Bernarda Bryson Shahn

Bernarda Bryson Shahn (March 7, 1903 – December 12, 2004) was an American painter and lithographer. She also wrote and illustrated children's books including The Zoo of Zeus and Gilgamesh. The artist Ben Shahn was her "life companion" and they married in 1969, shortly before his death.

Personal life
Bernarda Bryson was born in Athens, Ohio, where her father owned the Athens Morning Journal and her mother was a Latin professor. Both of her parents were politically active and liberal. Her maternal grandfather was also politically active, with his home a stop on the underground railroad. In Ohio, she studied art, including etching, and art history at several schools including Ohio University, Ohio State University, and the Cleveland School of Art, and learned lithography from a friend. She married young, divorced, and then worked for a newspaper in Columbus, the Ohio State Journal, writing about art news, and teaching printmaking for the museum school at the Columbus Museum of Art. On a trip to New York in 1932 (or 1933) to interview Diego Rivera, during the production of his Rockefeller Center murals, she met his assistant Ben Shahn. After moving to New York shortly after completing the interview, Bryson reconnected with Shahn and they moved to Washington, DC. Bryson and Shahn had three children together and eventually settled in Roosevelt, New Jersey. She died at her home in Roosevelt at the age of 101 on December 12, 2004.

Career
Already a trained printmaker, Bryson worked for the Depression-era Resettlement Administration, later part of the Farm Security Administration on a project with Shahn in the 1930s to document rural life. Her lithographs from this series were first printed in the studio she and Shahn established in Washington for the Resettlement Administration and published in full in 1995 as The Vanishing American Frontier. In 1939, Bryson and Shahn produced a set of 13 murals for the Treasury Department Art Project's Section of Fine Arts entitled Resources of America inspired by Walt Whitman's poem "I See America Working" and installed at the United States Post Office-Bronx Central Annex. Bryson worked primarily as an illustrator beginning in the 1940s, producing works for Harpers as well as Life, Seventeen, and Scientific American, and later for several children's books. These included "Zoo of Zeus" in 1964 and "Gilgamesh in 1967". Her illustrations of the Princeton University Eating Club and of Senator Taft as he is groomed for his 1948 Republican Presidential Candidacy exemplify her minimalistic representation of satire and straightforward style. She continued painting throughout her life in a figurative style often with references to Classical mythology, and she worked was exhibited in solo shows at galleries in New York and New Jersey. Her paintings are owned by collections including the Whitney Museum of Art.

title: Bernarda Bryson Shahn


text:
Rabbit of Seville

Rabbit of Seville is a Warner Bros. Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon short released on December 16, 1950. It was directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese, and features Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd. The nonstop slapstick humor in the short is paced musically around the overture to Italian composer Gioachino Rossini's 1816 opera buffa The Barber of Seville. In 1994, Rabbit of Seville ranked number 12 in a list of "The 50 Greatest Cartoons" released in North America during the 20th century, a ranking compiled from votes cast by 1,000 artists, producers, directors, voice actors, and other professionals in the field of animation.

Plot
A local amphitheater bustles with an influx of spectators to partake in a rendition of The Barber of Seville. Amidst the tranquil setting, an uproarious chase ensues as Bugs Bunny and hapless hunter Elmer Fudd engage in a comedic pursuit, traversing from the distant hills to the theater's backstage.

Exploiting the theatrical milieu to his advantage, Bugs assumes various guises to outwit Elmer, orchestrating a series of comedic hijinks and slapstick antics. From a cunning barber to an enchanting temptress, Bugs ensnares Elmer in a whimsical dance of deception, eliciting laughter and applause from the bemused audience.

As the absurd escapade unfolds, a cacophony of comedic chaos ensues, culminating in a farcical exchange of increasingly outlandish weaponry and whimsical transformations. From pedicures to peculiar grooming rituals, Bugs subjects Elmer to a series of ludicrous predicaments, eliciting laughter and amusement from the spectators.

In a climactic flourish, Bugs orchestrates a mock wedding ceremony, symbolizing the culmination of their absurd escapade. With a mischievous grin and a playful quip, Bugs breaks the fourth wall, signaling the conclusion of the comedic spectacle with his iconic catchphrase, leaving audiences eagerly anticipating the next whimsical adventure.

Production
In a plotline reminiscent of Stage Door Cartoon, Rabbit of Seville features Bugs Bunny being chased by Elmer Fudd into the stage door of the Hollywood Bowl, whereupon Bugs tricks Elmer into going onstage, and participating in a break-neck operatic production of their chase punctuated with gags and accompanied by musical arrangements by Carl Stalling, focusing on Rossini's overture to the 1816 opera The Barber of Seville.

In Stalling's arrangement, the overture's basic structure is kept relatively intact; some repeated passages are removed and the overall piece is conducted at a faster tempo to accommodate the cartoon's standard running length. In a short sequence where Bugs' scalp massage follows a piano solo, the character's hands are shown with five fingers, instead of his usual four, so the character can believably follow the tune. In 1994 it was voted No. 12 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field.

The "Barber of Seville" poster that appears at the start of the film features three names: Eduardo Selzeri, Michele Maltese, and Carlo Jonzi, which are Italianized versions of the names of the producer (Edward Selzer), writer (Michael Maltese), and director (Chuck Jones) of the film.

Reception
Animation historian Greg Ford writes, "Chuck Jones' two most beloved operatic extravaganzas starring Bugs Bunny, What's Opera, Doc? (1957) and Rabbit of Seville, veer down somewhat different paths stylistically. What's Opera, Doc? relies on a more removed, high-concept graphic sense and the shock effect of Maurice Noble's splendidly expressionistic set design. The humor of Rabbit of Seville, staged against Robert Gribbroek's straightforward backgrounds, depends more exclusively on the cartoon's intense synchronization whereby every bit of slapstick action, mini-movement by mini-movement, links to the accompanying Rossini score. In Seville, Jones was really harking back to an older Warner Bros. legacy: director Friz Freleng's Rhapsody in Rivets (1941) and Pigs in a Polka (1943), perhaps the two most insistently 'Mickey Moused' (perfectly synched) musical cartoons ever made."

Home media
Rabbit of Seville is available, uncut and digitally remastered, on disc 1 of Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 1, disc 1 of The Essential Bugs Bunny, on disc 1 of Looney Tunes Platinum Collection: Volume 1, and on disc 2 of Bugs Bunny 80th Anniversary Collection.

title: Rabbit of Seville


text:
Richard Baker (broadcaster)

Richard Douglas James Baker OBE RD (15 June 1925 – 17 November 2018) was an English broadcaster, best known as a newsreader for BBC News from 1954 to 1982, and as a radio presenter of classical music. He was a contemporary of Kenneth Kendall and Robert Dougall and was the first reader of the BBC Television News (in voiceover) in 1954.

Early life
The eldest son of a plasterer, Baker was born in Willesden, North London, and educated at Kilburn Grammar School and at Peterhouse, Cambridge.

Baker's undergraduate years were interrupted by war service in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during World War II. He was on a minesweeper that protected the Allied Arctic supply convoys to the USSR. He was awarded the Royal Naval Reserve decoration. In May 2015 he was awarded the Ushakov Medal for his service in the Arctic convoys of World War II.

Broadcasting career
After graduating from Cambridge University, Baker worked as an actor and as a teacher. An approach to the BBC saw him gain his first broadcasting role, presenting classical music on the BBC Third Programme.

He introduced the first BBC television news broadcast on 5 July 1954, although John Snagge read the actual bulletin. A competent pianist, he also became closely associated with classical music broadcasting, and presented many music programmes on both television and radio, including, for many years, the annual live broadcast from the Last Night of the Proms. He was a regular panellist on the classical music quiz show Face the Music. On radio he presented Baker's Dozen, Start the Week on Radio 4 from April 1970 until 1987, Mozart, These You Have Loved (1972–77), and Melodies for You for BBC Radio 2 (1986–1995, 1999–2003). He also presented the long-running Your Hundred Best Tunes for BBC Radio 2 on Sunday nights, taking over from Alan Keith, who died in 2003, and retiring in January 2007 when the programme was dropped by the BBC. In 1995, he made his first foray into independent radio with a move to Classic FM, where he presented the Classic Countdown and Evening Concert programmes.

Baker narrated Mary, Mungo and Midge (1969), a children's cartoon produced for the BBC, and Teddy Edward (1973), another children's series, as well as Prokofiev's composition for children Peter and the Wolf. He made cameo appearances in three episodes (30, 33 and 39) of Monty Python's Flying Circus and in the 1977 Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show.

Personal life
Baker married Margaret Martin, at St Mary The Boltons in Brompton, London, on 2 June 1961, while both were in their mid-30s. They had known each other from infancy as their mothers were friends. The couple had two sons; Andrew, a sports columnist at The Daily Telegraph and James, a television executive at Red Arrow Studios.

Baker wrote a biography of Vice-Admiral Sir Gilbert Stephenson, under whom he had served. The Terror of Tobermory was published by W. H. Allen in 1972.

At the time of his 90th birthday Baker was living with his wife at a retirement village in Oxfordshire. He died on 17 November 2018, at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, aged 93. Following his death, fellow BBC broadcast journalist John Simpson tweeted: "Richard Baker, who has just died, was one of the finest newsreaders of modern times: highly intelligent, thoughtful, gentle, yet tough in defence of his principles."

title: Richard Baker (broadcaster)


text:
Walrus (Marvel Comics)

The Walrus is a comedic supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the enemy of Spider-Man and Frog-Man.

Publication history
Walrus first appeared in The Defenders #131 (May 1984) and was created by J.M. DeMatteis, Peter Gillis, and Alan Kupperberg.

Fictional character biography
The Walrus is a supervillain and foe of Spider-Man. He wears a costume that resembles a walrus. Despite being physically strong, he proves to be completely inept at villainy. While most supervillains are interested in stealing money or taking over the world, but just like any other monsters (e.g., kaiju), the Walrus was content with mindless property damage; reminiscent of the Hulk, as well as his enemies, the Abomination, Juggernaut, and Rhino (also one of Spider-Man's enemies). He considered his role as a supervillain as that of a "mass-destructionist". The man who would eventually become the Walrus was once a taxicab driver named Hubert Carpenter (a reference to "The Walrus and the Carpenter" poem from Through the Looking-Glass). Hubert's uncle Humbert (a mad scientist/eccentric janitor) used devious experimental technology to endow Hubert with the attributes of a walrus that would surely make him into an eminent supervillain. Hubert, now with the "proportionate speed, strength and agility of a walrus", started causing havoc. He fought the New Defenders and the second Frog-Man before collapsing.

Then he teamed with the deadly and nefarious White Rabbit, forming the Terrible Two. They fought Spider-Man and were easily beaten. One of their common goals was to murder Frog-Man, who had humiliated them both in the past. However, it was soon revealed that Frog-Man had little to worry about, as the Walrus is the sort of supervillain that has to wear velcro shoes in order to avoid accidentally tying his shoes to each other. The Walrus is not the smartest villain, as he tends to make the most stupid remarks, which even made Spider-Man laugh uncontrollably at him, allowing the Walrus to punch and knock him down. The fact that the Walrus also wears a large rainbow "W" on the front of his costume also tends to make his enemies laugh at him.

The Walrus later appears with Mr. Fish in an exotic nightclub where he is seen admiring an overweight dancer.

During the Fear Itself storyline, Deadpool sees the chaos caused by the Worthy and manipulates Walrus into thinking that he has been chosen to wield a magical hammer so that he can improve his security consolation business. However, his plan goes awry when the hammer turns out to be the property of the Moon-Born, a group of werewolves. The hammer exhibits special properties under the full moon which Deadpool discovers when he engages the Walrus in battle. Deadpool tricks Walrus into entering the windowless basement of a sheriff's office where the hammer became powerless and he could take advantage of the sheriff's weapon's cache.

Walrus partners again with White Rabbit as well as the new Goldbug for a plan that involves tampering with New York City's drinking water. The three are defeated by Spider-Woman and taken to a new supervillain prison, the Cellar, which is secretly run by Regent. Once incarcerated, Walrus and Ox are separated from the other prisoners and seemingly killed when they are sealed in power-siphoning tubes by Regent's servant Dr. Shannon Stillwell. Walrus survives and is later released after Regent's defeat.

He was later subsequently abducted and placed in Murderworld by Arcade, alongside other captives. Walrus was later rescued by Gwenpool with the help of Deadpool.

During the Hunted storyline, Walrus is among the animal-themed characters that are captured by Taskmaster and Black Ant for Kraven the Hunter's Great Hunt that is sponsored by Arcade's company Arcade Industries. Walrus watches the fight between Spider-Man and Scorpion until the Hunter-Bots created by Arcade Industries arrive. Walrus runs from the Hunter-Bots when the Great Hunt begins.

Powers and abilities
Hubert Carpenter has claimed to have the proportionate speed, strength, and agility of a walrus. The Walrus possesses some measure of superhuman strength, agility and endurance. He was actually able to hit Spider-Man with sufficient force to knock him flying, rip a metal lamp post in half and withstand razor sharp and explosive carrots fired at him by the White Rabbit as a test. However, on another occasion, Spider-Man was able to defeat the Walrus by flicking him with his index finger, which knocked him out. The Walrus also has the (unintended) ability to distract his enemies by making them laugh uncontrollably with his stupid remarks.

The Walrus was mutagenically altered by his uncle with walrus DNA which would presumably add certain walrus characteristics to his physiology, such as a layer of blubber to keep him warm in freezing water and the ability to hold his breath for a much longer time than a human. While none of these abilities would be very useful to a supervillain who never goes anywhere near water, the layer of blubber could explain his resistance to injury.

The Walrus was noticeably unintelligent but was unusually good at crossword puzzles.

Reception

 * In 2022, CBR.com ranked Walrus 6th in their "Spider-Man's 10 Funniest Villains" list.

title: Walrus (Marvel Comics)


text:
Vrakuňa

Vrakuňa (Vereknye, Fragendorf) is a borough of Bratislava, Slovakia. It is divided by into two parts by the Little Danube river.

Transport

 * Buses
 * Line
 * Line
 * Line
 * Line
 * Line
 * Line
 * Trolleybuses
 * Line
 * Line
 * Night buses
 * Line
 * Night trolleybuses
 * Line

Names and etymology
The first written mention of Vrakuňa was in 1279 as a village named Werekne. Some other recorded medieval names are Verekene (1290), Frecendorf (1297), Verekuna (1323), Oluerekenye (1356), Berekenye in theutonico Fratedorf (1393) or Vraknye (1459).

The name is probably derived from a Proto-Slavic appelative *vrakunъ, potentially reflecting Pre-Christian (pagan) rituals. The stem vra- means "to speak without making any sense", vrakúň – a wizzard, preserved in Russian as вракун/vrakun – a liar, a gossip). Lajos Kiss (1988) tried to drive the name from Proto-Slavic vir- (a whirl). Šimon Ondruš (1990) from  Proto-Slavic vorkъ (in East Slavic languages: vorok - a fence, a barrier) like  Vorkonъ, Vorkunovka and other similar names, but documented only for the East Slavs.

History
Vrakuňa became an official borough of Bratislava on January 1, 1972.

title: Vrakuňa


text:
Micheal Ray Richardson

Micheal "Sugar" Ray Richardson (born April 11, 1955) is an American former professional basketball player and head coach. He played college basketball for the Montana Grizzlies. The No. 4 overall pick in the 1978 NBA draft, Richardson played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for eight years with the New York Knicks, Golden State Warriors and New Jersey Nets. He was a four-time NBA All-Star, and led the league in steals in three seasons. He later became a head coach in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) and National Basketball League of Canada (NBL Canada).

Early life
Richardson was born in Lubbock, Texas, the son of Billy Jack Richardson and Luddie Hicks. Richardson was a 1974 graduate of Manual High School in Denver, Colorado. He averaged 10 points on a talented team and did not start for the varsity team until he was a senior. Richardson played on the 1972 state championship team.

College career
Richardson played collegiately at the University of Montana. He was recruited to the Big Sky Conference school by Hall of Fame Coach Jud Heathcote after Richardson's Denver basketball friend David Berry had visited the school.

As a freshman in 1974-1975 Montana went 21-8 and qualified for the 1975 NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament, as Richardson averaged 7.5 points and 3.6 rebounds. The Grizzlies defeated Utah State 79-63, before losing to the eventual National Champion UCLA Bruins 67-64. Montana then lost to UNLV in the regional 3rd place game.

Richardson averaged 18.2 points, 6.3 rebounds and 3.8 assists as a sophomore in 1975-1976, as Montana finished 13-12. After the season, Coach Heathcote left for Michigan State University, where he would win the 1979 NCAA title.

Under Coach Jim Brandenburg, who had been an assistant under Heathcote, Richardson averaged 19.2 points, 8.6 rebounds and 3.6 assists as Montana finished 18-8 in 1976-1977.

As a senior, Richardson averaged 24.2 points and 6.9 rebounds in 1977-1978, and Montana finished 20-8, capturing the Big Sky regular-season title.

In his Montana career, Richardson averaged 17.1 points, 6.3 rebounds and 3.7 assists on 49% shooting in 107 career games. Richardson was First team All-Big Sky Conference as a sophomore, junior and senior.

Today, Richardson still shares the Montana single-game scoring record of 40 points, and holds the single-game record for field goals of 18 and the single-season scoring average record of 24.2. Richardson is third on the Montana career assists list (372), second in career scoring (1,827 points) and ninth in career rebounding.

New York Knicks (1978–1982)
The New York Knicks drafted Richardson with the fourth overall pick in the 1978 NBA draft, and he was billed as "the next Walt Frazier." Two picks later, the Boston Celtics drafted future Hall of Famer Larry Bird. In his second year, Richardson became the third player in NBA history (Slick Watts – 1976, Don Buse – 1977) to lead the league in both assists (10.1) and steals (3.2), setting the Knicks' franchise records in both categories. He also recorded 18 triple-doubles, the second-most in franchise history. During the 1980-81 NBA season, Richardson made his second All-Star game, scoring 11 points, grabbing 5 rebounds, and recording 4 steals in a 123-120 Eastern Conference victory. The Knicks eventually finished 50-32 and Richardson made the playoffs for the first time in his career. However, in the first round, Richardson, who averaged 11.5 points, 9.5 rebounds, 5.5 assists, and 3.5 steals per game in the series, and the Knicks lost in an upset to the Reggie Theus-led Chicago Bulls. The following season, on November 27, 1981, Richardson scored his highest single game total as a Knick, with 33 points in a 116-95 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers.

Golden State Warriors (1982–1983)
At the beginning of the 1982–83 season, on October 22, 1982, Richardson was traded to the Golden State Warriors (along with a fifth-round draft choice) in exchange for Bernard King. On February 5, 1983, Richardson recorded a double-double with 10 points and 11 assists, while adding 9 steals, in a 106-102 win over the San Antonio Spurs. After playing only 33 games for the Warriors, Richardson was traded to the New Jersey Nets in exchange for Sleepy Floyd and Mickey Johnson on February 6, 1983.

New Jersey Nets (1983–1986)
In the 1984 playoffs, Richardson led the Nets to a shocking upset of the defending champion Philadelphia 76ers. In the fifth and deciding game, he scored 24 points and had six steals. In the following series, against the Milwaukee Bucks, Richardson led the Nets to a Game 4 victory with a team high 24 points. However, the Nets would ultimately lose the series in six games. In 1985, Richardson was named the NBA Comeback Player of the Year after averaging 20.1 points and leading the league in steals while playing all 82 games, after only playing 48 games in the prior season due to rehabilitating from substance abuse. On October 30, 1985, Richardson barely missed a quadruple-double when he scored 38 points, grabbed 11 rebounds, recorded 11 assists, and stole the ball 9 times, during a 147-138 win over the Indiana Pacers. Richardson wore Leather Converse All Stars briefly with the Nets, making him the last to wear the shoe in any form in the NBA.

In 556 career NBA games, Richardson averaged 14.8 points, 5.5 rebounds, 7.0 assists and 2.6 steals. In 18 career playoff games, he averaged 15.7 points, 7.2 rebounds, 5.5 assists and 2.8 steals.

NBA ban
On February 25, 1986, Richardson was banned for life by NBA commissioner David Stern for three violations of the league's drug policy. He regained the right to play in the NBA in 1988, but decided to continue his career in Europe. He never played in the NBA again, despite being reinstated.

Richardson bitterly complained that the suspensions he received from the NBA were unfair given the fact that Chris Mullin was never disciplined by the league for his well-documented alcohol problem, implying that this "double standard" existed because Richardson is Black while Mullin is White, and became a frequently cited example of destructive lifestyles in the NBA.

Long Island Knights (1986–1987)
Richardson played with the Long Island Knights of United States Basketball League in 1986–87.

Albany Patroons (1987–1988)
Richardson played with the Albany Patroons of the CBA in 1987–88, before playing for 14 seasons in Europe.

Europe (1988–2002)
In 1988, Richardson signed with Virtus Bologna, a prominent European team, with which he won the Cup Winners' Cup in 1990. Richardson played for KK Split (1991–1992), Baker Livorno (1992–1994), Olympique Antibes (1994–1997), Cholet Basket (1997–1998) and Montana Forlì (1998–1999). Richardson played for Basket Livorno (1999–2000), Olympique Antibes again (2001) and finally, AC Golfe-Juan-Vallauris (2002) at age 47.

Richardson won the European-wide second-tier level FIBA Cup Winners' Cup, in the 1989–90 season with Virtus Bologna. He won the LNB Pro A championship with Olympique Antibes in 1995.

Albany Patroons (2004–2007)
On December 14, 2004, he was named head coach of the Albany Patroons in the CBA. Richardson had previously played with Albany in 1987-1988, when it won its second CBA championship under Coach Bill Musselman.

Supposed anti-Semitic and homophobic comments
On March 28, 2007, Richardson was suspended for the remainder of the CBA championship series for comments in an interview with the Albany Times Union, in which he stated that Jews were "crafty (because) they are hated worldwide." The paper also reported that Richardson directed expletives at a heckler, using profanity and an anti-gay slur, at Game 1 of the championship series.

Some sportswriters came to Richardson's defense, in the wake of the incident. Peter Vecsey questioned the Times Union's motives in not releasing the audio recording of their exchange with Richardson. Vecsey noted that during the course of his professional dealings with Richardson, he found the player to be "so unsettled, so unsophisticated and so pliable anybody could draw him into saying anything about anything at any time." He also pointed out that Richardson's second wife was Jewish, as was their daughter, Tamara, something that would be unlikely for a true anti-Semite. Christopher Isenberg, a Jewish writer who had earlier profiled Richardson for the Village Voice also defended Richardson's remarks about Jews, stating in a blog post entitled "Jews for Micheal Ray,"

"Micheal Ray is proud to have a Jewish lawyer because he thinks they are the best lawyers. Certainly it's a stereotype, but it's a stereotype rooted in a reality. A disproportionate number of the great lawyers in America are Jews. A disproportionate number of the great basketball players in America are black. We have learned to be very careful around these facts because here the line between fact and 'stereotype' can get very blurry and if you're not careful, you can get into deep water real quick. Micheal Ray was unwise to have been so indiscreet around reporters, but it wasn't exactly Elders of Zion territory."

NBA commissioner David Stern, who was Jewish, voiced support for Richardson. While conceding that the remarks about homosexuals were "inappropriate and insensitive" and worthy of a suspension, Stern said, "I have no doubt that Micheal Ray is not anti-Semitic. I know that he's not...He may have exercised very poor judgment, but that does not reflect Micheal Ray Richardson's feelings about Jews."

Ze'ev Chafets, author of A Match Made in Heaven: American Jews, Christian Zionists and One Man's Exploration of the Weird and Wonderful Judeo-Evangelical Alliance, wrote in the Los Angeles Times that Richardson's comments, while perhaps stereotypical, were not anti-semitic. After discussing Richardson's claim that Jews are "crafty," Chafets stated,

"What other hurtful things did Richardson supposedly say? That Israel has the best airport security in the world? This is both true and something Israel itself brags about. That Jews are hated and need to protect themselves? That's the founding premise of the Anti-Defamation League itself ... Richardson, who was a popular player in Israel during his NBA exile years, is guilty of nothing more than free speech. Even if his observations were wrong--which they are not--there's nothing at all insulting about them. What is insulting is the notion that you can't speak honestly about Jews without getting into trouble."

Oklahoma / Lawton-Fort Sill Cavalry (2007–2011)
On May 24, 2007, Richardson was named head coach of the reincarnated Oklahoma Cavalry of the CBA. On December 16, 2007, he was fired by the Cavalry, for sticking up for his players when their paychecks bounced, but rehired the next season.

Richardson coached for the relocated Lawton-Ft Sill Cavalry located in Lawton, Oklahoma, winning three consecutive championships in 2008-2010. Richardson led the Cavalry to victory to the Continental Basketball Association Finals in 2008 and 2009 and in the Premiere Basketball League Finals in 2010.

Richardson was ejected from the first game of the 2010 Premiere Basketball League Championship Series. The ejection took place with under three seconds remaining in the game that was eventually won by Rochester in overtime 110-106. The ejection led to a skirmish between fans and several Lawton-Fort Sill players which ended the game with 2.6 seconds to go on the clock and Rochester about to go to the free-throw line.

London Lightning (2011–2014)
On August 17, 2011, Richardson was hired as the first head coach of NBL Canada's London Lightning. Richardson was named the NBL Canada's first ever Coach of the Month for November 2011, an award he would win again in January 2012. London finished the regular season at 28-8. On March 25, 2012, Richardson led the Lightning to a 116-92 victory over the Halifax Rainmen in the deciding Game Five of the NBL Canada Finals to win the NBL Canada's inaugural championship. After the game, Richardson was named the NBL Canada Coach of the Year for 2011–12.

On April 12, 2013, Richardson led the London to an 87-80 victory over the Summerside Storm and TLondon became back to back NBL champions.

Richardson left the London Lightning following the 2013–14 season to pursue coaching positions closer to home.

Personal life
Richardson lived in Lawton, Oklahoma, as of 2015. He has 11 grandchildren. Richardson puts on youth basketball clinics with Otis Birdsong, his longtime friend and former teammate. He worked for a financial firm, and he and his wife, Kimberly, owned a beauty salon. His son, Amir Richardson, is a professional soccer player with the Morocco national team.

Richardson was the subject of the TNT Network 2000 film Whatever Happened to Micheal Ray?, narrated by Chris Rock.

Honors

 * Richardson was Inducted into the Montana Grizzly Basketball Hall of Fame in 1985.
 * In 2001, Richardson was inducted into the Grizzly Sports Hall of Fame at the University of Montana.
 * Richardson was named to the list of Big Sky Conference 50 Greatest Male Athletes in 2013.

title: Micheal Ray Richardson


text:
Talk:Family as a model for the state

Criticism
Mr. Tudoreanu likes to do a lot of editing. He edits and edits and edits. But does he create? Does he reference? Does he quote?

Look at his contrib list. What does he know of the Classical World? Does he read Aristotle, Cicero or any Classical Scholar? None whatsoever. But he does feel himself qualified to edit things out he has no comphrension of.

Please Mr. Tudoreanu leave off the editing until you have read the material yourself and did some research on the subject.WHEELER 18:32, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article name
Looking at Wikipedia's naming conventions, I think the article's name should be changed to something like 'Family as a State paradigm'. Any opinions out there? --Ricky81682 (talk) 01:33, Jan 2, 2005 (UTC)

I don't care either way. I just chose the shortest thing I could think of. WHEELER 01:43, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Why include this misuse of the term 'paradignm'? It's surely a model (in most cases explanatory), possibly a theory. Perhaps Family as model for the state? Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 21:25, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * That sound okay with me Mel. Whatever we choose must have the connotations of Politics and Family and influence on the state organization. WHEELER 21:35, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Does anyone object to this move? Anyone have a better suggestion (I must admit that mine is a little on the clumsy side, but I can't think of anything better). Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 22:01, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Go for it. Sounds a good name.  Smoddy (t) (e) 22:40, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

OK, it's done. I think that I've changed all the internal links from other articles. Now to get on with improving the article. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 23:13, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

It looks good. And since I see that you are a Latin speaker maybe there is a single Latin word for this or a Greek word for this we can use. But it looks good. Thanks.WHEELER 17:33, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Paternalism
I have adapted WHEELER's text en bloc to add some weight to the jejune article Paternalism, which seemed to be sketching out a simple-minded context for abortion issues. I toned down WHEELER's characteristically emphatic tone and eliminated all claims that might be attacked as a POV that did not suit our prejudices. I think that when one googles "Family/State paradigm", comes up with no "hits" and attempts on that basis to efface the entry, perhaps there is more motivating force than immediately meets the eye. --Wetman 21:12, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

I have taken the liberty to transfer a comment from [Paternalism] to here:
 * "Paternalism refers to a policy that prevents others from doing harm to themselves or a belief in such policies." - I believe that this statement is incorrect. The Oxford English Dictionary defines paternalism as "the policy of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of one's subordinates or dependants in their supposed best interest". This is clearly more accurate. The crux is that the justification is "it's in your own best interest", and the scope extends beyond avoiding harm, and includes forcing people to do something because it's better than the alternative, even though that alternative may not be harmful. For example, if I wanted to become an accountant, but because of a governmental psychometric testing policy I was forced to become a lawyer on the grounds that this was the optimum profession for me, and therefore it would be for my own good if I was to pursue it, then what has been averted (my becoming an accountant) was neither harmful to myself nor others. Nevertheless, the government's policy would be described as extreme paternalism. VivaEmilyDavies 00:00, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paternalism" I don't think "Paternalism is a right word for this subject matter. I may have gotten the title wrong, i.e. "Family/State paradigm", but I don't think that "paternalism" is the right word for this.  I am up for a better title.  "Family state paradigm" has the meaning that "of the influence of family structure as a paradigm for state organization".  Now what word that does encapsulate this meaning, I am all for. WHEELER 21:33, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Certainly 'paternalism' is much too narrow for the sort of view found in writers like Aristotle and Locke. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 17:48, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Certainly true. The family as a model for the state is one useful metaphor of paternalism, as paternalism is one product of taking the family as a model for the state. The text there will have an independent evolution I think. --Wetman 20:02, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Deleted twice
"In hierarchal societies, one finds hierarchal families and hierarchal governments ("I order you to ..."). In consensus societies, one finds consensus families and consensus governments ("Hey, don't I get a vote on that?"). States and families are both governed according to cultural ideas about appropriate power relations and thus necessarily mirror each other in any given culture. Diversity of all kinds abounds (e.g. a soldier's family in a liberal democracy)." 4.250.138.88 23:26, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * 1) The English is in need of sorting out (for example, it's 'hierarchical'), but
 * 2) the tone is in any case not right for an encyclopædia (it reads more like a transcription of a student debate), and anyway
 * 3) it's PoV. To claim that states and families mirror each other is to put forward a certain theory, which many would argue against; to state it as fact (and, moreover, as necessary fact), is therefore inappropriate in Wikipedia.
 * I can't see that there's anything in it that ought to be added. This article has just narrowly avoided being deleted after a VfD.  The task now is to make it better – more neutral, more scholarly, more contentful – not to add more of the sort of material that caused the problem in the first place. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 23:35, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I should probably add that it's obvious that you're not a new editor, despite the recent use of this IP address; I have a shrewd idea who you are, but others are looking into that. Whatever your identity, my points above stand. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 23:48, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Editors edit. Censors delete. Was there truly nothing in the offered text that satisfied Mel Etitis' personal POV, which is apparently in full control here? How about the following: "States and families are both governed according to cultural norms of appropriate power relations and thus tend to mirror one another. In hierarchical societies hierarchic families are the norm; in consensual societies one tends to find consensual families, though diversity abounds." That would have been editing. Any objections to this revised and neutral text, which sounds rather axiomatic to me? The "problem in the first place" may have been intolerance as much as anything.--Wetman 23:52, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Why take such a pointlessly (and groundlessly) aggressive line? In so far as I have a point of view on this, I'm broadly sympathetic with the notion that there's some relation between a certain sort of family structure and a certain view of the state.  My opinion is irrelevant, however; I'm thinking about the quality of the article.
 * As for your neutral version, not only is it considerably different from what I removed (so that calling it 'editing' rather than 'removing and replacing' is little more than wordplay), but it's in need of evidence. What grounds are there for the claims that families are all governed by 'appropriate power relations' (and what does 'appropriate' mean here)?  And what grounds for the claim that that families in hierarchical societies are themselves hierarchical, etc.?  It seems common sense and obvious, but I'm not at all sure that it's true.  And even if it is true, it can't just be stated as fact.
 * Wikipedia articles aren't meant to state claims, but to refer to them. This paragraph stated claims, as does your paragraph.  The article is in fact riddled with problems of that sort.  I voted for its retention, as did many people, on the grounds that it was a mess and needed cleaning up, but that it was a suitable subject for an article.  Now that it has been saved from deletion, don't go back to the aggressive response to any editing decision that goes against you that it's 'intolerance' and 'censorship', and all those other debating society terms that serve only to hinder useful discussion. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 00:10, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Any reader may judge how simple it was for me to tone dowwn the assertive statements of our anonymous contributor, and whether such editing really is "wordplay." "What grounds are there for the claims that families are all governed by 'appropriate power relations' (and what does 'appropriate' mean here)?" Mel Etitis asks. "Appropriate to the culture" is understood by any reader, and "all" is carefully notasserted. When Mel Etitis claims her/his opinion is not relevant, she/he is being far too modest! --Wetman 04:50, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Wetman, in response to your rewrite of the anon editor's contribution, I'd say it needs to be carefully referenced. It's stated as fact that states and families tend to mirror one another, yet it's not clear how this would be determined (would someone have to go round interviewing them?), never mind whether it has been determined; and "X is the norm, but diversity abounds" doesn't have much meaningful content. You'd need a reference to a scholar who has actually done some research. SlimVirgin 01:54, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)
 * One ordinarily has no conception of what are the commonplaces of an idea, until one begins to read. Now, here is an essay by a Stanford undergraduate to give Slim Virgin an idea of how very ordinary indeed these received ideas are: Steven Tagle, "Mencius and Plato: Extending the Family Metaphor to Political Theory"

George Lakoff, Moral Politics: What Conservatives Know that Liberals Don't (University of Chicago Press), finds that central to the conservative worldview is a metaphor of the state as a strict father, and that the "family values" that conservatives espouse are those of a strict father's household: self-reliance, rewards and punishments, responsibility, respect for authority. Conservatives under Ronald Reagan began to understand the deep connection between family and politics, while Liberals remained clueless about their own family metaphor, according to Lakoff, the "nurturant parent" model. Under Reagan, Lakoff says, conservatives drove the language of strict father morality into the media and the body politic. But Lakoff is reducing these familiar metaphors to rather local horizons, wouldn't you agree, SlimVirgin? Perhaps SlimVirgin can offer us a single "careful reference" of any expression of these ideas and add it to the article's "References". Or perhaps not... --Wetman 04:50, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * It's the editor wanting to make the edit who has to supply the reference. An undergraduate essay isn't an adequate reference, and when you do find one, the sentence should be written to read something like: "X has argued that . . .", and not written as though it is an established fact that the family mirrors the state. The view you've attributed to Lakoff above is simply, as it says, that the family values of conversatives involve the notion of the strict head of household. This is not the same as saying that the family mirrors the state. SlimVirgin 05:13, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * I haven't been editing this article so I won't interfere with the recent edit from Wetman, but it isn't terrible encyclopedic. "Long before it was a conscious model, it was an instinctive metaphor, for the king as "father" of the land is as old as the king as "regent" for the goddess or god."

 * I'm not sure what an "instinctive metaphor" is, and I find the syntax a little confusing. Without the comma, it's an instinctive metaphor for the king as father of the land, in which case the rest of the sentence makes no sense; with the comma (making the "for" a "because"), you're not saying what it's an instinctive metaphor for. And the "it": does it refer to the family? I'm sorry if I'm being dense. SlimVirgin 06:56, Mar 6, 2005 (UTC)

I agree completely with SlimVirgin's comments here (sorry to come in late; some of us have to sleep occasionally). I've rewritten the summary in order, first, to make it summarise, and secondly, to make it neutral and more scholarly (I hope). Any comments? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 11:54, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * We look forward with bated breath to the first contributions of text here from SlimVirgin and from Mel Etitis who has reverted text here more than once but has not yet contributed. --Wetman 12:04, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I sugest that you look at the history of the article (and read the summary that I wrote about an hour before your comment, as referred to in my comment above).  In fact I haven't so far reverted anything without making other changes to the article, albeit sometimes just tidying.  Incidentally, if you're going to go round all the articles to which I've made significant contributions, making petty challenges, you should do so less blatantly than on Talk:Necktie; you might get yourself a bad name. Mel Etitis  ( Μελ Ετητης ) 12:17, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Organisation
There are two main sorts of approach referred to in the article: those people who describe, explain, or justify the state in terms of the family, and people who talk about the family in terms of the state. Of course there's some overlap between them, but shouldn't the distinction be made clearer in the structure of the article? Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 13:31, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Mel Etitis for Admin
Within a few weeks, when Wikipedians will be deciding whether or not Mel Etitis's character will make him a suitable administrator, this Discussion page will be worth looking at. --Wetman 19:26, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

If you used your energy making useful edits instead of snide (and bewilderingly irrelevant) comments, think how Wikipedia could be improved. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 19:38, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

(The reader may want to check User contributions. I waste little time on Talk pages. --Wetman 21:58, 15 Mar 2005 (UTC))

Confucianism
Confucius predates Aristotle in using family as a model for the state. He believed the child should be subordinate to the parent, younger brother to the older, wife to husband, and subject to the sovereign who is to be regarded as the father of the nation. The state as the family writ large was the most harmonious, orderly, and natural form of government. This was later expanded to cover international relations(i.e. the emperor of China as the older brother of the king of Korea). Confucian family theory is still espoused in North Korea to justify their method of leadership succession.

Should this be included in the article?

 * I definitely agree. The Confucian model should be includet. 85.124.176.91 12:35, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Fascism
It's shocking that this page has no reference to fascism. The family metaphor for the state is such a key part of fascism, *the* key part in some expressions (for example, japanese fascism has the "family-system principle" which is very simply the definition of this article; Bertrand de Jouvenel equates the "fascist man" with the "head of family man"; Wilhelm Reich calls the family the fundamental replicating unit of fascism in some sense) 00:57, 18 October 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.113.166.178 (talk)

title: Talk:Family as a model for the state


text:
Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum

The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum is a presidential library in Hyde Park, New York. Located on the grounds of Springwood, the Roosevelt family estate, it holds the records of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States (1933–1945). The library was built under the President's personal direction in 1939–1940, and dedicated on June 30, 1941. It is the first presidential library in the United States and one of the thirteen presidential libraries under the auspices of the National Archives and Records Administration.

History
Roosevelt was both an avid collector of memorabilia and amateur historian. As a then two-term president who had presided over a sweeping and dramatic phase of the nation's history during the Great Depression, he recognized the need for a facility to house the vast quantity of historical papers, books, and memorabilia he had accumulated during a lifetime of public service and private collecting.

The library he subsequently commissioned was built by Philadelphia contractor John McShain, on 16 acre of land donated by Roosevelt and his mother, Sara.

Margaret Suckley, who acted as Roosevelt's personal archivist during his life, was involved in the establishment of the library and served as its archivist for its first two decades.

Setting a precedent
Prior to Roosevelt's presidency, the final disposition of Presidential papers was left to chance. Although a valued part of the nation's heritage, the papers of chief executives were private property which they took with them upon leaving office. Some were sold or destroyed, while others remained with families but inaccessible to scholars for long periods of time. Ultimately some collections found their way into the Library of Congress and private repositories.

Franklin D. Roosevelt changed this pattern, by becoming the first president to make his papers available to the public by donating them intact to the government. These covered both all his public service, as New York state senator (1911–13), assistant secretary of the Navy (1913–20), governor of New York (1929–32), and President of the United States (1933–45), and his private collections of papers, books, and memorabilia on the history of the U.S. Navy and Dutchess County, New York.

Location and buildings

The Library sits on the grounds of the Roosevelt family's Hyde Park estate. It is built of Hudson Valley fieldstone in the style reminiscent of the local Dutch colonial architecture which he favored. A sketch made by President Roosevelt dated April 12, 1937, shows the proposed building placed very close to the site ultimately chosen, and a ground plan roughly approximating that of the main block today.

The building was designed by principal architect Louis A. Simon and consulting architect Henry J. Toombs based on his sketches by Roosevelt himself It was built with privately donated funds, at a cost of $376,000,  and turned over to the federal government on July 4, 1940, to be operated by the National Archives.

Said Robert D.W. Connor, the first Archivist of the United States, of the President making his papers openly available to scholars, "Franklin D. Roosevelt is the nation's answer to the historian's prayer."

The facility was already overcrowded when completed in 1940, because Roosevelt did not expect to serve as president for more than two terms. A 1950 estimate stated that the library contained 50 million items, including 16,000 books, 15,000 photographs, 275,000 feet of movie film, and 300 sound recordings.

The library underwent a full-scale renovation in the 21st century, its first, reopening on June 30, 2013. Funded by a combination of public support and private donations, the multi-million dollar renovation included expanded exhibit space, HVAC updates, and research room improvements. Members of the Roosevelt family and the historian Geoffrey Ward spoke at a rededication ceremony that day.

Other archives
In early planning for the library the President expressed the hope that Eleanor Roosevelt's papers would eventually find a place here. In 1942 President Roosevelt made a rough sketch for wings to be added on to the north and south sides of the building should additional space be needed for her papers. At the time of her death in 1962 Mrs. Roosevelt's papers totaled three million pages.

During her tenure at the library (1961–1969), Elizabeth B. Drewry raised funds for the wings to house Eleanor Roosevelt's papers. Construction was completed in 1972.

The library contains the donated papers of others associated with Roosevelt, such as Henry Morgenthau Jr.'s diary of 840 volumes.

Presidential Libraries Act

Using Roosevelt's actions as a precedent, Congress passed the Presidential Libraries Act in 1955. It regularized the procedures for privately built and federally maintained libraries to preserve the papers of future presidents; all of the presidents from Herbert Hoover to George W. Bush have a presidential center overseen by the National Archives.

Official presidential papers became public property as a result of the Presidential Records Act of 1978, backed by legislation limiting the size and financing of presidential museums.

Museum
Roosevelt hoped the library would become an important research center and attract visitors to the museum. The museum section of the building opened June 30, 1941. However, the onset of World War II changed Roosevelt's plans, and the official opening of the library as a research facility was deferred as the president served a third term and then was elected to a fourth term in 1944. He visited the library often during the war to sort and classify his records and memorabilia; and from his study in the library he delivered several of his famous War-era radio speeches or "fireside chats".

President Roosevelt paid his last visit to Hyde Park in March 1945 and died on April 12 at Warm Springs, Georgia, at the age of sixty-three.


text:
Drew Bennett

Andrew Russell Bennett (born August 26, 1978) is a former American football wide receiver of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent in 2001. He played college football at UCLA.

Bennett was also a member of the St. Louis Rams and Baltimore Ravens. He retired prior to the 2009 season due to a knee injury.

Early years
Bennett attended Miramonte High School in Orinda, California, and was a three-sport standout in football, baseball, and basketball. As a senior football quarterback, he won first-team All-League and second-team All-Bay Area honors, after he passed for 2,308 yards and 18 touchdowns and rushed for six touchdowns. In baseball, he batted .430 and won first-team All-League honors.

College career
Bennett was offered a scholarship to play at Princeton University in New Jersey, but turned it down to attend the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He was a walk-on as a quarterback and elected to redshirt the 1996 season. He was awarded a scholarship for the 1997 season and switched positions to become a wide receiver for his junior year. He played both wide receiver and quarterback in his senior season and won the Paul I. Wellman Award for All-Around Excellence. He graduated from UCLA with a major in Political Science, and is also a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity.

Tennessee Titans
From 2001 to 2006, Bennett played wide receiver for the Tennessee Titans, becoming a full-time starter. During the 2004 season he tied an NFL record by scoring eight touchdowns in a three-game span.

St. Louis Rams
In 2007, Bennett became a free agent and signed with the St. Louis Rams. He signed a six-year deal worth $30 million, with $10 million guaranteed. He played his two guaranteed seasons with the Rams before being released on February 25, 2009.

Baltimore Ravens
Bennett signed with the Baltimore Ravens on July 24, 2009, to a one-year, $745,000 contract. He retired on July 26, 2009, due to a flare-up of a previous knee condition.

Post-NFL career and personal life
Bennett has appeared on ESPN's First Take (hosted by Jay Crawford) as recently as March 24, 2010, as an NFL analyst alongside Bobby Carpenter.

Bennett now resides in San Ramon, California.

title: Drew Bennett


text:
User talk:Selawj

As a new user you probably aren't aware of the Three revert rule (i.e. Don't revert any page more than three times within a period of 24 hours.) You've had your three reversions on John Patrick Ennis - if you try to revert any more your editing privileges may be suspended for up to 24 hours. Please don't make it necessary for you to be blocked -- ChrisO 18:37, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi Selawj, I've moved the comments you left on my user page to my talk page. It is usually considered impolite to edit someone's user page without permission; that's what the talk page is for. Also, you can sign your posts by writing ~ --Dbenbenn 19:12, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Selawj