text:
Talk:Global climate change/Archive 1

Pointless
(William M. Connolley 10:00, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) This page appears to be entirely pointless. Climate change already exists. I suggest returning this page to its redirect slumber.
 * I concur.--Silverback 10:42, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Comments moved here from climate change page
(William M. Connolley 09:59, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) I really can't see the point of having GCC on top of CC. There is nothing new there.

 * I agree...pointless multiplication of articles with slightly different titles, and much more vague information seems to be a hinderance more than a help. Mackinaw 17:21, 2004 Dec 2 (UTC)

Merge
Some info in global climate change has not been moved into climate change yet. Please postpone redirect until climate change contains all relevant info in both articles. --user:Ed Poor (talk) 18:15, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 20:43, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) I couldn't seee any useful info on there. But if you want it, the text is in the history and always available to you. Just put a reminder on your user page if you're in danger of forgetting. Starting a new page that only differs from Cl Ch in having "global" in the title makes no sense.

Perpetuating confusion
If you want to continue having a nonsensical section of Wikipedia about global climate change, I will not have it. The pages on climate change and global warming in particular are a horrible mess.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) There are some underisbale features of those pages (from my POV, the main problem is that they are skeptic-biased) but no, they are not a horrible mess. And even if they were, the correct response is to try to work on them, not to create your own pet page.

 * This is not a "pet" page. If anything, GW seems to be your pet page. I find that the structure of these concepts are wrong. I made this page to begin to correct the structure and make it in line with the science.--Ben 22:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It is not Connolley's page, although he has significantly improved its quality. It is a community page, and your pet page without first participating, seems quite anti-communitarian and wasteful of resources.--Silverback 01:19, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 22:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) I've heavily edited GW, doing my best to counter excess septicism (which, by some of your comments, I would expect you to approve of). But its not my pet: I didn't create it, and it doesn't duplicate whats elsewhere.

Global warming is simply one type of global climate change, and furthermore, climate change in and of itself is not inherently global.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) That is technically just about true, but in practice not very meaningful. Read the climate change page. Its almost all about climate change from a global perspective.

 * Exactly my point. --Ben 22:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 22:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Your point was... that climate change was about global cl ch...so you created a page called gcc? I'm afraid I've missed your point.

Those pages contain duplicate information, unrelated information, speculations, and gross misinterpretations of the terms.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) No they don't.

This is from someone with an outside point of view who is not involved with the apparently endless infighting on your talk pages. If you do not even know what the terms you discuss mean, perhaps you should find out. For instance "climate models" should not be in the global warming section, it should be in the climate change section.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Climate models are on their own page, as they should be.

 * And climate models should be linked to and discussed on the climate change page. They are only mentioned there in the section entitled "Evaluation of the relative importance of various factors"--Ben 22:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 22:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) No problem. Feel free.

Global warming does not need a climate model to be proven that it is true. It merely needs to demonstrate average temperature is increasing, which it has.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) But climate models are useful to attribution of recent climate change.

 * Yes they are, however I don't see the contrast of your point.

 * Because GW is about more than change in temperature... its a whole raft of things, including what to do about it. Which can't be answered without knowing what caused it. Which requires models.

The effects are a different matter and should be in "global climate change". "Climate change" completely ignores discussing climatological eras in depth such as the ice age, the medieval warm period, or any other eras which could be put onto the "global climate change" page.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Perhaps the little ice age should be discussed on Little ice age... oh, wait, it already is. And Medieval warm period... oh wait,...

 * That's why I linked to them on the global climate change page. I know this. My point is that there is no list of climate changes, just two examples. I'm sure there are more.--Ben 22:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Just because something is popularily used in one way does not mean it is the scientific definition Climate change is a general term for any change in climate, globally, or regionally.

Also considering that climate forcings was a page I had to make myself because it was not even used on the global warming, or climate change pages, it seems a lot of people here do not know what they are talking about.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Climate forcings largely duplicates, but more weakly, material already on the climate change page.

 * That's what is called a stub. Climate forcings needs its own page. A lot of stuff that is duplicated on both the GW and Climate change pages can be moved there. As well, discussion about the various theories of the various effects of climate forcings, or if indeed certain things like greenhouse gases can even be considered climate forcings are. --Ben 22:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 22:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) If you're planning to strip stuff wholesale out of cl ch or gw pages: please don't without discussing it first.

I find it extremely frustrating that this is dismissed out of hand, and even more so that someone is already trying to "merge" this with climate change. If proper discussion does NOT take place I WILL take matters into my own hands. That's the great thing about Wikipedia isn't it?

 * "Climate change is a long-term shift or alteration in the climate of a specific location, a region or the entire planet. The shift is measured by changes in some or all the features associated with average weather, such as temperature, wind patterns and precipitation. A change in the variability of climate is also considered climate change, even if average weather conditions remain unchanged."

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Yep, thats fine, no problem with that.

 * Then you agree that "Climate Change" encompasses both regional and global climate change? The climate change page doesn't read that way to me. Regional climate changes are not included nor discussed. For example, the urban heat island effect, which, while it may contribute to global climate change, is an entirely local and is not effected by global climate change. In fact, the opening line of that page is "changes in Earth's climate" which implies that the term refers only to global climate. If anything, it's far to ambiguous and should be corrected.

 * (William M. Connolley 22:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) If you think the cl ch page could do with some changes, then try changing it. Don't create a new, duplicate page though.

 * "Climate change refers to general shifts in climate, including temperature, precipitation, winds, and other factors. This may vary from region to region. On the other hand, global warming (as well as global cooling) refers specifically to any change in the global average surface temperature.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) No. GW is far more than just ch in avg T.

 * Well you can take that up with the Metereological Service of Canada, the source of the quote. I presume you are better qualified to comment on the usage of the terms than they are? --Ben 22:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 22:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Yes.

 * And you have a PhD in what? And you have written which research papers on climate change? And you work in the field of climatology or metereology for who? Somehow I highly doubt this. You do realize that Metereological Service of Canada is a federally run government agency right? I hope you have better credentials than this guy: Stewart Cohen PhD, who is the Climate and Climate Change Impact spokesperson for the Communications Directorate of MSC. But hey, feel free to point out the error you noticed to him. Call up the Communications department and leave him a message, the number is on the "Spokespeople" page which is linked on the left. --Ben 01:44, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 09:52, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Are you really too lazy to read my user page?

 * Apparently, yes, I'm "too lazy". I don't know why you don't explain your answers, why you seem to be so confrontational (not just with me but with others on the talk pages), and why you're not upfront with everything.

 * (William M. Connolley 20:53, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)) You haven't been around long but have produced an awful lot of words on the talk pages and very little on the science pages. You enthusiasm is refreshing but please settle down and do some basic work before stirring pu controversy. How about adding some nice facts, or fleshing out your forcings page, or something. In fact, filling out your own useer page would be a good start.

 * I think your manner of discourse is unbecoming of someone of your stature.

 * (William M. Connolley 20:53, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)) If thats an apology for your sneering above about my qualifications, its a very weak one. The wiki cliamte pages get heated at times, this can be avoided if you check your facts first.

 * I must explain myself here: I do not apologize, since it is obvious I had no idea what your qualifications are, and could not have knowingly been "sneering" at them. The only way I could have known your qualifications is by going to your user page, which you correctly guessed I did not do. Not knowing your qualifications is something that is not my fault. You made little effort to provide them, even when I brought them into question. I am confused why you would interpret the statement, which is obviously an intentional insult pertaining to your conduct on these pages, as an apology. To explain, it is an insult regarding the contemptuous manner in which you conduct yourself, not an apology for something I needn't apologize for. Furthermore, you continue to show utter contempt for my ideas by ignoring them. My proposed changes have been there the whole time you spent replying. I hope my opinion is clear. --Ben 22:04, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * "made little effort"? William provided a user page.  "brought them into question"?  You sneered and made an ad hominen attack on credentials instead of addressing the issues.  "contemptuous?", you are proposing changes without learning the lay of the ground and have been jumping to conclusions about motivations and criticising the current pages apparently out of ignorance of the science.--Silverback 03:46, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't normally check people's user pages. And yes, I did make an ad hominem attack, that was the point of the insult. I think it is far more contemptuous when I start I page, have it determined as "pointless" and redirected with no explanation, then, even while accepting that, I put forward my position as to why I think this page needs to exist and the responses are limited to "You are wrong." or snide comments. I'm sorry, but if people act like King Shit, they deserve to be treated like it. I am proposing changes, I made one change and I was hoping it would further discussion. Instead I get snide one sentence comments, even on the sources I believe with good reason and sound judgement to be representative of the science. Ridiculous. You should not be surprised that it makes me angry. I wouldn't have made those comments if I was treated to an explanation and to some respect for my ideas. --Ben 00:20, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * And you still have not convinced me that the term GW refers to anything more than "any change in the global average surface temperature". Reading that helped my understanding, unlike reading your responses. I personally think you are reading into it far too much, mixing things in, dismissing the base concepts as trivial, and in doing so confusing people who want to understand it. These articles are not for fellow scientists, these are for people who want to learn about the subject. I mean the global warming article is apparently not about global warming, but about theories which account for global warming and politics.

 * You apparently have a POV that the science is settled in this area, and want to trivialize the issues. If you simplify and make things too basic, you will probably end up making false statements.--Silverback 04:01, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 20:53, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)) The historical temperature record is under... well, I think you can guess. That seems fairly reasonable. Its also clearly linked from the GW page.

 * And either many little changes have messed it up or I don't know if someone wrote it this way, but I mean: "Another cause of great concern to some is sea level rise?" Why not say "Another predicted effect is sea level rise?" Who cares who is concerned and who is not? I mean, I can just scan the article and come up with ridiculous lines like that. Maybe the concern is worked in because the "potential effects" section gets the government and politics in right off the bat. Maybe you are trying too hard to be neutral, I think in doing so the article suffers badly.

 * The point is that the field is politicized, and your proposals have been commented on, and much of the science, especially when it comes to predictions and the assumptions in those predictions and the "remedies" proposed and the predictions of the effects of those remedies are in dispute. So your proposal to disperse the information over a much larger number of pages based on your pet classification scheme, increases the chances of questionable information getting into the pages without the benefit of quality review.--Silverback 04:01, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, now they've been commented on, and hopefully there can be a discussion. The articles should comment on the politicization, not be part of it. I see noone else coming up with solutions, though I gather everyone is in agreement that the pages are messy. My proposal is not to disperse the information, but to re-organize. Yes, if you want to call it my "pet classification scheme" go ahead. It is the classification scheme I have come up with. No one else has come up with one. I think it decreases the chance of questionable info getting into the pages. --Ben 00:20, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * And thanks for commenting on my proposal... oh wait, you've entirely ignored it. I'm already not surprised you would rather "put me in my place" than comment. All I was saying was that here was the MSC telling me something, and to me you are just some guy on the internet who has caused all sorts of trouble, so I went with who I trusted and what made sense to me. You're reply: "No. That's wrong." Well, guess what, I might just end up changing these pages with or without you, whether I'm right or wrong. What a tragedy that would be if I made a blunder. So goes it though, if you aren't going to even discuss it it will be your loss. --Ben 19:26, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * That's the attitude, generate a lot of pages by yourself, before you have ever participated in the give and take of the process, the hubris of authorship. There is a community here if you are willing to participate.  You do no service when you dumb down the science.  You can publish your pet stuff on your own pages, that the community has stated it does not want to exist, review or monitor and turn wiki into your own vanity press, or you can participate on the current pages, see if your ideas and understanding survive review and perhaps occasionally help the community reach a consensus on when new pages are really needed.  You still haven't commented on my climate forcings proposal on another page, see how frustrating a frivolous proliferation of pages is,  hmmm, you weren't willing to go to williams page either.  8-) --Silverback 04:30, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I generated two pages. Global Climate Change, and Climate Forcings. The community has not stated that it does not want these pages to exist, in fact it is just you two who have felt the need to voice your opinions upon the subject. I have commented on the climate forcings page because I hadn't realized you had commented on it. WMC could hardly have missed the proposal I made, especially when considering the contents at the top are more than twice as big now.

 * WMC: If you're not part of the solution you're part of the problem. --Ben 22:04, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * In other words, global warming or cooling is one type of planetary scale climate change. Global warming is often misunderstood to imply that the world will warm uniformly. In fact, an increase in average global temperature will also cause the circulation of the atmosphere to change, resulting in some areas of the world warming more, while other areas warming less than the average. Some areas can even cool.... ...the term ‘climate change' is the more accurate description of how climate system responds to a forcing. Unfortunately, although it can significantly misrepresent what really happens, the term ‘global warming' is still often used by media and others to describe climate change."

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Which is why the GW page is careful to distinguish between Cl Ch and GW.

 * I don't find that it does, the organization is climate change centric. In fact I find that it incorrectly implies that there is doubt that there has been an increase in average temperature at all, considering the definition of global warming. The only doubt could be that the math done on the historical temperature records is wrong, or that the records themselves are wrong. That should be on the global warming page, but most of the other stuff should not, or at least be organized better. --Ben 22:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 22:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Then you've failed to read para 2 on the gw page, which says: Use of the term "global warming" generally implies a human influence — the more neutral term climate change is usually used for a change in climate with no presumption as to cause and no characterization of the kind of change involved. Sometimes the term anthropogenic climate change is used to indicate the presumption of human influence. The Kyoto Protocol proposes binding greenhouse gas limits for developed countries. (hmmm... whats that last sentence doing there?)

--Ben 20:00, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) Its a mystery to me why you are so het up about this. Slow down. There are 4 (maybe 3, depending on how Eds comment is counted) votes to restore GCC to the redirect. Stop and think why 3-4 people disagree with you and noone agrees. You might also want to look at User:William M. Connolley/Wiki pages related to climate change

 * I am upset because these articles sow confusion, do not further discussion, and in doing so imply doubt as to the validity of the science. If someone says they don't "believe" in global warming, what, exactly, are they even talking about? Most couldn't tell you. To me that shows that proper conveyance of the information in a structured and organized way must be done to remove the confusion, otherwise people are going to continue misunderstanding the science and not be able to make reasoned arguments for or against it. --Ben 22:37, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * You misunderstand the articles are not an attempt to further discussion, they are the result of much discussion and compromise and they crystalize the current unresolved state of that discussion, sometimes with compromises, and sometimes with letting others have their say to the extent their peers allow it.--Silverback 04:01, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 22:54, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) These are mostly issues you should be taking up with Ed Poor, not me. I disagree with you about the sowing of confusion. I do think that creating GCC is going to sow confusion.

 * If it is true, as Ben said, that "climate change in and of itself is not inherently global", then we DO need two separate articles: one for climate change (not necessarily global) and the other for Global climate change.

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) No we don't. See above.

 * Agreed that the articles are in a mess, but one big reason for this is POV pushing and its evil twin, censorship. If contributors will agree to disagree, and will agree that each article should present ALL major points of view (POV) without endorsing or condemning any POV as right or wrong, we can whip the series to shape in a few short months. --user:Ed Poor (talk) 20:56, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * (William M. Connolley 21:09, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)) This is your std excuse for keeping you POV: shove it all in and let the readers sort it out. Which leads to mess.

 * I almost agree with this critique. Sometimes I add info at random into an article page and leave the "seamless editing" part to others; that might be regarded as lazy (at best) or even irresponsible. The part I disagree with is the idea that articles should take only ONE point of view, that of "getting to the truth of the matter" and condemning all other POVs as "incorrect". [User:Ed Poor|--user:Ed Poor]] (talk) 22:02, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Global climate change/Archive 1


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Hieronymous Theodor Richter

Hieronymus Theodor Richter (21 November 1824 – 25 September 1898) was a German chemist.

He was born in Dresden. In 1863, while working at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, he co-discovered indium with Ferdinand Reich. He was also a member of the student fraternity "Corps Saxo-Borussia Freiberg". In 1875, he became the director of the Mining Academy in Freiberg.

He died September 25, 1898, in Freiberg, Saxony, at the age of 73.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hieronymous Theodor Richter


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Members of the 38th Canadian Parliament and same-sex marriage

This article lists the members of the 38th Parliament of Canada and how they voted on the Civil Marriage Act (Bill C-38), which amended the Marriage Act of Canada to recognize same-sex marriage. The legislation was later challenged in the 39th Canadian Parliament.

Votes
House of Commons

 * This tally does not include the Speaker, who only votes in the House if there is a tie.

Up to 154 votes were needed to ensure the legislation passes, although the only formal requirement for passing legislation is the assent of a majority of members in attendance for the vote.

Senate

 * For the purposes of this table, the Speaker of the Senate, who did not vote, is counted as an absentee since the official Senate tabulation does not list him as an abstainer.

Background
The Globe and Mail's analysis on December 13, 2004 placed the upper limit of opposed votes at 142.

Most of the Liberal cabinet, the Bloc Québécois (BQ) and the New Democratic Party (NDP) voted in favour of the Bill, while most of the Conservative Party members were against it. In the Liberal backbench, about 2/3 of members voted in favour.

On April 12, 2005, a vote was held on an amendment to Bill C-38 proposed by the Leader of the Opposition, Stephen Harper. The amendment would have stopped C-38 from advancing and maintained the "traditional" definition of marriage. The proposed amendment was defeated by a vote of 164 to 132. Ten MPs were absent, including 5 BQ MPs who reportedly oppose the bill. Certain MPs who had previously not declared their positions on the issue revealed their stands on the bill in this vote. All of these voted against the amendment, and therefore can be assumed to be in favour of same-sex marriage. Liberal MP Joe Comuzzi, who months prior to the vote mused about resigning his post as Minister of State, voted against the amendment because "it was a Conservative motion".

A vote-in-principle was expected around April 19, but Conservatives stalled the bill by bringing up more MPs to speak on the issue. The 2nd reading vote came up on a recorded division, and passed 164–137. The rise in votes for the opposition came from several Bloc MPs who were absent for Harper's amendment, but present for the 2nd reading vote.

Bill C-38 entered Report Stage on June 16, 2005. After exiting committee, the Government agreed to amendments to the bill that will further protect religious officials who do not wish to perform same-sex marriages, and to protect charitable organizations from losing their tax status.

The third reading vote on that bill in the House was expected the final week of June, after the House adopted a motion (supported by the Liberals, Bloc Québécois, and NDP) to extend the sitting of the house. Bill C-48 passed just before midnight on June 23, 2005 when the Liberals agreed with the Bloc and NDP to force a snap vote on the bill. The snap vote on C-48 was significant because if all Conservative MPs were present for the vote, and if all Bloc opposed, and the Independents voted as they usually did, the Government would have been defeated.

Liberal Cabinet
As per the principle of cabinet solidarity, all cabinet ministers were expected to vote in favour of government-introduced legislation. While backbench MPs in 2003, six future cabinet ministers voted in favour of a Canadian Alliance motion defining marriage in exclusively traditional terms. Joe Comuzzi decided to leave cabinet in order to vote against SSM. John Efford, a cabinet minister who recently opposed SSM decided to vote in favour of C-38. Former Liberal MP Pat O'Brien said he was personally told by six ministers that they may leave the cabinet rather than support SSM legislation, but this did not happen. Stephen Harper has pressured Paul Martin to allow his cabinet members a free vote, citing the precedent of Brian Mulroney in a capital punishment vote in 1988.

Liberal backbench
At the Liberal biennial convention in March, delegates overwhelmingly approved same-sex marriage as a matter of party policy. Paul Martin allowed his caucus a free vote.

Conservatives
At the Conservative convention, delegates overwhelmingly approved the definition of marriage as only being between one man and one woman as a matter of party policy with 74% in favour, and 26% opposed. Stephen Harper allowed his caucus a free vote.

Bloc Québécois
The BQ had a free vote.

New Democratic Party
The NDP caucus did not allow a free vote so MPs were obliged to vote in favour by the party whip.

Speaker
As per convention, Peter Milliken, the Speaker of the House of Commons did not vote because the result was not a tie.


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United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs

The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, also known as the House Foreign Affairs Committee, is a standing committee of the U.S. House of Representatives with jurisdiction over bills and investigations concerning the foreign affairs of the United States. Since 2023, the chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee has been Michael McCaul of Texas.

The committee has a broad mandate to oversee legislation regarding the impact of national security developments on foreign policy; war powers, treaties, executive agreements, and military deployments abroad; foreign assistance; arms control; international economic policy; and other matters. Many of its responsibilities are delegated to one of six standing subcommittees, which have jurisdiction over issues related to their respective region in the world. The committee also oversees the U.S. Department of State, American embassies and diplomats, and the U.S. Agency for International Development.

During two separate periods, 1975 to 1978 and 1995 to 2007, the Foreign Affairs Committee was renamed the Committee on International Relations; its duties and jurisdiction remained unchanged.

Its counterpart in the Senate is the Committee on Foreign Relations.

Members, 118th Congress
Resolutions electing members: (Chair),  (Ranking Member),  (R),  (D),  (removing Omar),  (D),  (D),  (D)

Subcommittees
Whereas until the 118th Congress, subcommittees tended to combine jurisdiction over particular regions of the globe with jurisdiction over broader policy areas (e.g. terrorism or energy policy), in the 118th Congress, the subcommittees were reconfigured to strictly focus on geographical areas, with the exception of global issues and international organisations which received their own subcommittee.

List of chairs
Data from the committee's official website:

117th Congress
Resolutions electing members: (Chair),  (Ranking Member),  (D),  (R),  (R),  (D)

 * Subcommittees

116th Congress
Sources: (Chair),  (Ranking Member),  (D),  (R),  (R)

 * Subcommittees

115th Congress
Sources: (Chair),  (Ranking Member),  (D),  (R) and  (D)


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Mongoose lemur

The mongoose lemur (Eulemur mongoz) is a small primate in the family Lemuridae, native to Madagascar and introduced to the Comoros Islands. These arboreal animals have pointed faces, long, bushy tails, dark-brown upper parts, pale bellies, and beards, which are reddish in males and white in females. They live in family groups and feed primarily on fruit, but also eat leaves, flowers, and nectar, with nectar from Ceiba pentandra trees making up a large part of their diet during the dry season. They have declined sharply in numbers because of habitat destruction and hunting, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated their conservation status as "critically endangered".

Description
The mongoose lemur ranges in size from 12 to 18 in long plus a tail of 16 to 25 in. Both sexes are born with white beards, but become obviously dimorphic around six weeks of age when the males develop red beards and red cheeks. The males also have lighter faces than the females. Males may further distinguish themselves when scent-marking territory, as they occasionally develop a bald patch on top of their heads from rubbing.

Distribution
The mongoose lemur lives in dry deciduous forests on the island of Madagascar and in the humid forests on the islands of the Comoros. This makes the mongoose lemur one of only two lemurs found outside of Madagascar, though it is an introduced species in the Comoros.

Ecology
The mongoose lemur mostly eats fruit, though flowers, leaves, and nectar also make up part of its diet; (they may use the nectar of the non-native kapok tree, Ceiba pentandra for nearly eighty percent of their diet during the dry season in some parts of their range). As such, mongoose lemurs act as both pollinators and seed dispersers. Feeding on grubs and beetles has also been observed. They are unusual among primates in that they are diurnal or nocturnal, depending on the season, being more active during the day in the wet season and changing activity to the night during the hotter dry season.

Mongoose lemurs are arboreal, with the ability to jump several meters from one tree to another. They live in small family groups, usually consisting of a bonded pair and one to three offspring. These groups rarely encounter one another, but when they do, they are aggressive. Young are born just prior to the rainy season, from August to October. Gestation lasts about four months and weaning takes place around five months after the young are born. The offspring then usually stay with their parents until three years of age, when they have reached full maturity.

Mongoose lemurs have seasonal habits. Their breeding, eating, and activity habits are largely shaped around the season. Seasonal fluctuations in food resource availability describe the behavior of mongoose lemurs such as female dominance and small group size. Mongoose lemurs usually conceive their offspring some time during October. They present as Nocturnal during the dry season and diurnal during the wet season.

Status
Captive mongoose lemurs can live up to 26 years, while wild specimens live 18–20 years. Mongoose lemurs in the wild are threatened by the destruction and fragmentation of the forests in which they live, and also by hunting. Their numbers have dwindled by about 80% over a period of 25 years, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated their conservation status as "critically endangered". Mongoose lemurs are more endangered in Madagascar, but there could be a way to conserve them in Comoros because of the increase of these species' population in the area.

title: Mongoose lemur


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Gavin Esler

Gavin William James Esler (born 27 February 1953) is a Scottish journalist, television presenter and author. He was a main presenter on BBC Two's flagship political analysis programme, Newsnight, from January 2003 until January 2014, and presenter of BBC News at Five on the BBC News Channel. Since 2014 he has served as the Chancellor of the University of Kent. On 11 March 2017, Esler confirmed via his Twitter profile that he would be leaving the BBC at the end of the month to concentrate on his writing activities. He returned to the BBC later that year as host of Talking Books.

He stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for Change UK in London at the 2019 European Parliament election.

Early life
Esler was born in Glasgow on 27 February 1953, the first son born to a manager of a building company. During his first weeks, he suffered from a condition that made him unable to digest milk and his parents feared for his life. He had an operation at just three weeks old. His family lived in Clydebank before they moved to Edinburgh, where he began his education at Duddingston Primary School before gaining a scholarship to George Heriot's School at the age of seven.

His Scottish childhood had a profound and long-lasting effect on him. His parents moved to Northern Ireland but he remained in Edinburgh. Esler was the first in his family to go to university, graduating at the University of Kent with a BA in English and American literature in 1974. Alongside his studies he also wrote for Incant, the university newspaper. He then gained an MA in Anglo-Irish literature with distinction from the University of Leeds.

Journalism career
Esler began working as a journalist in 1976, aged 23, as a junior reporter with the Belfast Telegraph.

He joined the BBC in 1977 as Northern Ireland reporter, working under Bernard Cornwell, and extended his role after joining Newsnight in 1982. Esler was appointed Washington correspondent in 1989 and then, a year later, became the BBC's chief North America correspondent. Based in Washington, Esler's responsibilities now extended to shaping the corporation's coverage across the whole of North America, which included reporting on both the earlier George H. W. Bush and Clinton administrations. Esler has also reported for news and documentary programmes across Europe, Russia, China and North and South America.

Esler combined reporting with presenting from the mid-1980s on BBC One's regional news programme for London and the South East of England – Newsroom South East. He worked as an anchor on the BBC News channel (at the time known as "BBC News 24") from its outset in 1997 and co-presented its prime-time slot with Sian Williams for several years.

In January 2003, he joined Newsnight, replacing Jeremy Vine, who had left to take over from Sir Jimmy Young on Radio 2. During his career Esler has interviewed heads of state and government including Bill Clinton, Jacques Chirac and King Abdullah II of Jordan. He has also interviewed a wide range of cultural figures, including Dolly Parton, Doris Lessing, Penélope Cruz, Angelina Jolie, V. S. Naipaul, Roger Waters, Vikram Seth and Seamus Heaney. Esler left Newsnight in January 2014, and was replaced by Laura Kuenssberg.

In 2005, Esler interviewed George Galloway on Newsnight about the London bombings. The BBC was reported to have received hundreds of complaints about his interview alleging his questioning was "rude and aggressive". Peter Barron, editor of Newsnight, defended the questioning of Galloway's tactics:

"The thrust of Gavin's questioning was to ask if it was wise to express these (Galloway's) provocative views – effectively 'I told you so' – at a time when many politicians and Muslim leaders had been appealing for calm. I believe that was a fair and appropriate line of questioning."

In 2007 a BBC Trust publication investigating impartiality in the organisation criticised an unnamed BBC news presenter for writing an article in the Daily Mirror newspaper entitled "Why the World Needs Hillary", stating they had been "unwise" for doing so. The article appeared to endorse Hillary Clinton to be the next US President and it soon emerged that the news presenter in question was Esler. The BBC report noted that "the apparent endorsement of one presidential candidate in elections in a country which, in his words, 'now seems seriously off course' could make it hard for that presenter to conduct American political interviews". Until 2017, Esler was the main presenter of Dateline London on BBC News and BBC World News most Sunday mornings at 11 am. Between 2008 and 2017, he also presented the BBC News at Five on the BBC News channel on Fridays and when Huw Edwards was away. Esler has also hosted BBC Radio 4 factual series Four Corners along with fellow Scottish broadcaster Anne MacKenzie. He had a regular slot on Saturdays and Sundays, working across BBC World, BBC News and BBC One, and co-presented the regular Film Review with Mark Kermode.

On 11 March 2017, Esler confirmed via his Twitter profile that he would be leaving the BBC to concentrate on his writing activities. The Film Review was presented by other presenters although he continued to present Dateline London. He returned on 31 March 2017 to present his final BBC News at Five and Film Review. He returned to the BBC later that year as host of Talking Books.

Since 2021, Esler has been a regular presenter and contributor to the political podcast The Bunker.

Literary career
Esler is the author of five novels and four non-fiction books. The novel A Scandalous Man was described by fellow author Bernard Cornwell as "a compelling book, its political sophistication made luminous with wisdom, sympathy and story telling". His fifth novel, Powerplay, was published by HarperCollins in August 2009. Esler's first non-fiction book, The United States of Anger published in October 1997 by Penguin, explores America's discontent with itself and was described by the New Statesman as "a vivid portrait of America in the 1990s". Esler's 2019 book Brexit Without the Bullshit discusses some of the potential consequences of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union. For several years he also wrote regular columns for The Scotsman, The Independent and other publications..

Esler's most recent book, How Britain Ends - English Nationalism and the Re-birth of Four Nations, was published in February 2021 and in which Esler claims a resurgent English nationalism is pulling the United Kingdom apart.

Political career
In August 2018, Esler spoke at a People's Vote rally in Edinburgh. People's Vote is a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union. On 23 April 2019, he was announced as a candidate for Change UK in London in the May 2019 European Parliament election. The party announced its intention to stop Brexit and pursue a second referendum on membership of the EU. It gained 3.4% of the vote nationally and failed to win any seats. In London the party achieved 5.3% of the vote, but this was only just over half of the number required for Esler as lead candidate to win the 8th and last seat under the d'Hondt system of proportional representation used in the election.

In an interview with the Huffington Post, published on 6 May 2019, Esler stated that, "I want to stop Brexit. Fix Britain. And then I want to reform the things that are wrong with the EU". He added, that he thought Nigel Farage was "affable" and a "good communicator", but whilst he was "more honest on that than many other politicians who support Brexit", his approach was reminiscent of Nazism; "The word 'betrayal' was used in Germany from 1919 onwards and throughout the 1920s with terrible results".

Esler has criticised the way the BBC and other TV and radio news has handled balance. He states that the present mode of balance involves "if you have a Tory on you get a Labour Party person", but says that "that's not what politics is like anymore". He criticises giving equal balance to "someone who really knows what they are talking about" and "someone who is essentially the village idiot".

In August 2021 it was announced that Esler would be a competitor on BBC's Celebrity MasterChef. He left the competition during a quarter-final "after serving up an ‘incomplete’ dessert compared to ‘soup’."

Personal life
Esler has been married to rock violinist Anna Phoebe, his second wife, since 2012. They have two children. He was first married in July 1979, to teacher Patricia Warner, and they had two children together. The couple's separation was reported in 2008 and a divorce granted in 2010.

Esler's hobbies include camping, hiking and skiing. He is a fan of progressive rock, citing King Crimson, Jethro Tull, Colosseum and Pink Floyd as favourite bands, and presented Prog magazine's Progressive Music Awards for three consecutive years between September 2012 and 2014.

Awards and honours
Esler's report on the military build-up in the Aleutian Islands as part of the Reagan administration's New Maritime Strategy earned him a Royal Television Society award.

In 2007 he won a Sony Gold Award for his radio documentary report Letters from Guantanamo on Sami al-Hajj, one of the detainees in Guantanamo Bay. Following the broadcast, al-Hajj was released from American custody.

Esler has received two honorary degrees from the University of Kent: an honorary MA was awarded in 1995, followed by an honorary Doctorate in Civil Law in 2005. He was installed as the sixth Chancellor of the university in July 2014.

Non-fiction

 * How Britain Ends - English Nationalism and the Re-birth of Four Nations. Head of Zeus. 2021. ISBN 978-1-80024-105-3
 * Britain Is Better Than This: Why a Great Country is Failing Us Apollo 2023.ISBN 978-1-80454-772-4
 * How Britain Ends - English Nationalism and the Re-birth of Four Nations. Head of Zeus. 2021. ISBN 978-1-80024-105-3
 * Britain Is Better Than This: Why a Great Country is Failing Us Apollo 2023.ISBN 978-1-80454-772-4
 * Britain Is Better Than This: Why a Great Country is Failing Us Apollo 2023.ISBN 978-1-80454-772-4

title: Gavin Esler


text:
Everhardus Johannes Potgieter

Everhardus Johannes Potgieter (June 27, 1808 – February 3, 1875) was a Dutch prose writer and poet, who was born at Zwolle in Overijssel.

Biography
He started life in a merchant's office at Antwerp. In 1831 he made a journey to Sweden, described in two volumes Het Noorden in omtrekken en tafereelen ("The North in Outlines and Scenes"), which appeared at Amsterdam in 1836–1840. Soon afterwards he settled in Amsterdam, engaged in commercial pursuits on his own account, but with more and more inclination towards literature. With Jan Pieter Heije (1809 – 1876), the popular poet of Holland in those days, and Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Brink (1810 – 1865), the rising historian (see also Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer (1801 - 1876)), Potgieter founded De Muzen (The Muses, 1834–1836), a literary review, which was, however, soon superseded by De Gids (The Guide), a monthly, which became the leading magazine of Holland. In it he wrote, mostly under the initials of W. Dg, a great number of articles and poems.

The first collected edition of his poems (1832–1868) appeared in two volumes (Haarlem, 1868–1875), preceded by some of his contributions to De Gids, in two volumes also (Haarlem, 1864), and followed by three volumes of his Studien en Schetsen ("Studies and Sketches," Haarlem, 1879). Soon after his death a more comprehensive edition of Potgieter's Verspreide en Nagelaten Werken ("Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works") was published in eight volumes by his friend and literary executor, Johan C. Zimmerman (Haarlem, 1875–1877), who likewise supervised a more complete edition of Potgieter's writings which appeared at Haarlem in 1885-1890 in 19 volumes.

Of Potgieter's Het Noorden in Omtrekken en Tafreelen the third edition was issued in 1882, and an edition de luxe of his poems followed at Haarlem in 1893. Under the title of Personen en Onderwerpen ("Persons and Subjects") many of Potgieter's critical essays had collectively appeared in three volumes at Haarlem in 1885, with an introduction by Conrad Busken-Huet.

Potgieter's favourite master among the Dutch classics was Pieter Cornelissen Hooft, whose peculiarities in style and language he admired and imitated. The same vein of altruistic, if often exaggerated and biased, abhorrence of the conventionalities of literary life runs through all his writings, even through his private correspondence with Huet, parts of which have been published.

Potgieter remained to his death the irreconcilable enemy of the Dutch Jan Salie, as the Dutchman is nicknamed who does not believe in the regeneration of the Dutch people. Potgieter held up the Netherlanders of the Dutch Golden Age of the 16th and 17th centuries as models to be emulated. In these views he essentially differed from Huet. Yet the two friends worked harmoniously together; and when Potgieter reluctantly gave up De Gids in 1865, it was Huet whom he chose as his successor.

Both then proceeded to Italy, and were present at the Dante festivities at Florence, which in Potgieter's case resulted in a poem in twenty stanzas, Florence (Haarlem, 1868). According to a critique in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Potgieter's influence in Holland was very marked and beneficial; but his own style, that of ultra-purist, was at times somewhat forced, stilted and not always easily understood.

Works

 * 1836-1840 - Het Noorden in omtrekken en tafereelen
 * 1837 - Marten Harpertsz. 1607-1609 (in: De Gids, 1837; published separately by Wereldbibliotheek-vereeniging, 1942, 72 p.)
 * 1840 - Liedekens van Bontekoe
 * 1841 - Albert
 * 1842 - Jan, Jannetje en hun jongste kind
 * 1844 - Het Rijksmuseum te Amsterdam
 * 1856 - Het uurwerk van 't Metalen Kruis
 * 1864-1895 - Proza 1837-1845 (2 delen)
 * 1867 - Florence
 * 1868 - Poëzy 1832-1868
 * 1875 - Gedroomd paardrijden
 * 1875 - Poëzy II
 * 1875 - Poëzy 1827-1874
 * 1875-1876 - Schetsen en verhalen

title: Everhardus Johannes Potgieter


text: File:Stanislaw Lubomirski (1583-1649).jpg


text:
All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar)

All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar) was a political party in India, emerging out of split from the All India Forward Bloc.

History
In the spring of 1948 the recently reorganized All India Forward Bloc split into two factions. In February the Central Committee of AIFB met in Varanasi to discuss the situation after Independence and Partition. At the meeting it was decided that AIFB should break all relations to the Indian National Congress and that a separate party should be created out of the branches in Pakistan. The then general secretary of the party, Sheel Bhadra Yagee effectively dissolved the Bengal state committee of the party, and appointed ad hoc committees in West Bengal and East Bengal.

This spurred discontent inside the party. Leading the rebellion against Yagee was the party president, S.S. Cavesheer. Yagee decided to resign as general secretary. In May the Central Committee met again and appointed Ramchandra Sakharam Ruikar as the new general secretary. Yagee grouped his followers around himself, and by this time the two factions virtually functioned as two separate parties. The group led by Ruikar had its emphasis on nationalism rather than Marxism, and called themselves 'Subhasists'.

On December 29–31 the Ruikar faction held a congress in Ashutosh College Hall, Calcutta. Ruikar was elected general secretary and Cavesheer as president. At the same time the Marxist faction held a congress in Hooghly. Thus the split was complete. The Ruikar-led party adopted the Indian tricolour with a leaping tiger as their flag, identical to the one used by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army.

In 1951 the issue of reunification was raised inside Ruikar's party. In June the Central Committee of the party held a meeting which decided to move ahead with the reunification of Forward Bloc. Ruikar and Leela Roy disagreed with the decision, and were expelled. The two Forward Blocs held a joint central committee meeting in Howrah on June 23, in which the two parties merged. Ruiker and Leela Roy did however mobilize their followers and reconstituted themselves as a separate party.

In the 1952 general elections, the Electoral Commission let the Ruikar-led party contest as 'Forward Bloc (Ruikar)' and the other AIFB group as 'Forward Bloc (Marxist)'. FB(R) contested six Lok Sabha seats, 3 in Madhya Pradesh, 1 in Madras and 2 in West Bengal. The elections resulted in a humiliating defeat for Ruikar's party. In total the six candidates got 133 936 votes.

In the West Bengal legislative assembly election the party was a member of the People's United Socialist Front, together with the Socialist Party and the Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Tagore). The party contested 32 assembly seats, and won two (the only two PUSF to win any seats). The elected MLAs of the party were Atindra Nath Bose from Asansol and Biren Roy from Behala.

The following year the party was disbanded and merged into Praja Socialist Party.

title: All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar)


text:
Metamorphogenesis

Metamorphogenesis is the third studio album by the British doom metal band Esoteric. It was released in August 1999 through Eibon records.

Credits

 * Bryan Beck -- Bass guitar
 * Gordon Bicknell -- Guitar
 * Greg Chandler -- vocals, guitar
 * Steve Peters -- Guitar
 * Keith York -- drums
 * Guest vocals on "The Secret of the Secret" by Tom Kvalsvoll

title: Metamorphogenesis


text: File:Metamorphogenesis.jpg

title: File:Metamorphogenesis.jpg


text:
Use Your Illusion

Use Your Illusion is the name of two releases by American rock band Guns N' Roses: a 1998 compilation album, drawing from the Use Your Illusion I and II studio albums featuring songs without explicit lyrics, and a 2022 box set anniversary edition of both albums.

The first compilation was only released in the United States, and was primarily sold at Walmart and Kmart, two retail outlets that refused to stock the unedited Use Your Illusion I and II due to explicit lyrics. The second compilation featured remastered versions of both albums alongside several live shows in honor of the album's 30th anniversary.

Overview
"Knockin' on Heaven's Door" appears in an edited version without Josh Richman's speech, removed for unknown reasons. Therefore, the track length is reduced to 5:20, instead of 5:36 from the version included on Use Your Illusion II. Richman's speech was instead included in the Greatest Hits compilation album.

The cover art of the album simply combines the color schemes from the covers of Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II, which were originally designed by Mark Kostabi. Like the original two, the image is a detail of the Raphael painting "The School of Athens".

Use Your Illusion I

 * 1) "Live and Let Die" (Paul McCartney, Linda McCartney) – 3:04
 * 2) "Don't Cry (Original)" (Axl Rose, Izzy Stradlin) – 4:44
 * 3) "You Ain't the First" (Stradlin) – 2:36
 * 4) "November Rain" (Rose) – 8:57
 * 5) "The Garden" (Rose, West Arkeen, Del James) – 5:22
 * 6) *featuring Alice Cooper
 * 7) "Dead Horse" (Rose) – 4:17

Use Your Illusion II

 * 1) "Civil War" (Rose, Slash, Duff McKagan) – 7:42
 * 2) "14 Years" (Rose, Stradlin) – 4:21
 * 3) "Yesterdays" (Rose, Arkeen, James, Billy McCloud) – 3:16
 * 4) "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" (Bob Dylan) – 5:20
 * 5) "Estranged" (Rose) – 9:23
 * 6) "Don't Cry (Alternate Lyrics)" (Rose, Stradlin) – 4:43

Guns N' Roses

 * W. Axl Rose – lead vocals, piano, choir, and synthesizer programming on "November Rain", acoustic guitar on "Dead Horse", backing vocals on "You Ain't the First" and "14 Years"
 * Slash – lead guitar, acoustic and slide guitar on "The Garden", dobro on "You Ain't the First", acoustic guitar on "Civil War"
 * Izzy Stradlin – rhythm guitar, backing vocals, acoustic guitar on "You Ain't the First", lead vocals on "You Ain't the First" and "14 Years"
 * Duff McKagan – bass guitar, backing vocals, acoustic guitar on "You Ain't the First", percussion
 * Matt Sorum – drums, backing vocals, choir on "November Rain"
 * Dizzy Reed – keyboards, piano, organ on "Yesterdays", backing vocals

Additional personnel

 * Steven Adler – drums on "Civil War"
 * Shannon Hoon – backing vocals on tracks 1, 2, 4, 5 & 12
 * Alice Cooper – lead vocals on "The Garden"
 * Johann Langlie – programming on "November Rain", "Live and Let Die"
 * Reba Shaw, Stuart Bailey – backing vocals on "November Rain"
 * Jon Thautwein, Matthew McKagan, Rachel West, Robert Clark – horn on "Live and Let Die"
 * West Arkeen – acoustic guitar on "The Garden"
 * Mike Clink – nutcracker on "Dead Horse"
 * The Waters – backing vocals on "Knockin' on Heaven's Door"
 * Tim Doyle – tambourine on "You Ain't the First"

Remastered box set
Per the Guns N' Roses website, the Use Your Illusion (Super Deluxe) has 7 CD's and 1 DVD with the following:

CD 1

Use Your Illusion I - Original Album Remastered

 * 1) Right Next Door To Hell
 * 2) Dust N’ Bones
 * 3) Live And Let Die
 * 4) Don’t Cry (Original)
 * 5) Perfect Crime
 * 6) You Ain’t The First
 * 7) Bad Obsession
 * 8) Back Off Bitch
 * 9) Double Talkin’ Jive
 * 10) November Rain*
 * 11) The Garden
 * 12) Garden Of Eden
 * 13) Don’t Damn Me
 * 14) Bad Apples
 * 15) Dead Horse
 * 16) Coma

CD 2

Use Your Illusion II - Original Album Remastered

 * 1) Civil War
 * 2) 14 Years
 * 3) Yesterdays
 * 4) Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door
 * 5) Get In The Ring
 * 6) Shotgun Blues
 * 7) Breakdown
 * 8) Pretty Tied Up
 * 9) Locomotive
 * 10) So Fine
 * 11) Estranged
 * 12) You Could Be Mine
 * 13) Don’t Cry (Alt. Lyrics)
 * 14) My World

CD 3

Live In New York

Ritz Theatre – May 16, 1991

 * 1) Pretty Tied Up*
 * 2) Bad Obsession*
 * 3) Right Next Door To Hell*
 * 4) Mr. Brownstone*
 * 5) Dust N’ Bones
 * 6) Live And Let Die*
 * 7) Paradise City*
 * 8) Voodoo Child (Slight Return) / Civil War*
 * 9) Drum Solo*
 * 10) Slash Solo*
 * 11) You Could Be Mine*

CD 4

Live In New York* (cont’d) - Ritz Theatre – May 16, 1991

 * 1) I Was Only Joking / Patience*
 * 2) Only Women Bleed / Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door*
 * 3) Don’t Cry (Original)* [features Shannon Hoon On Vocals]
 * 4) You Ain’t The First* [features Shannon Hoon On Vocals]
 * 5) My Michelle*
 * 6) Estranged*
 * 7) Double Talkin’ Jive*
 * 8) Sweet Child O’ Mine*
 * 9) Welcome To The Jungle*

CD 5

Live In Las Vegas - Thomas & Mack Center – January 25, 1992

 * 1) Nightrain
 * 2) Mr. Brownstone*
 * 3) Live And Let Die*
 * 4) Attitude*
 * 5) It’s So Easy*
 * 6) Bad Obsession*
 * 7) Welcome To The Jungle*
 * 8) Double Talkin’ Jive*
 * 9) Voodoo Child (Slight Return) / Civil War / Voodoo Child (Slight Return)*

CD 6

Live In Las Vegas (cont’d) - Thomas & Mack Center – January 25, 1992

 * 1) Don’t Cry (Original)*
 * 2) Wild Horses*
 * 3) Patience*
 * 4) You Could Be Mine*
 * 5) So Fine*
 * 6) November Rain*
 * 7) Intros / Drum Solo*
 * 8) Slash Solo*
 * 9) Speak Softly, Love (Love Theme From The Godfather)*
 * 10) Rocket Queen

CD 7

Live In Las Vegas (cont’d) - Thomas & Mack Center – January 25, 1992

 * 1) Sail Away Sweet Sister*
 * 2) Sweet Child O’ Mine*
 * 3) Move To The City*
 * 4) Hotel California / Only Women Bleed / Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door*
 * 5) Yesterdays
 * 6) My Michelle*
 * 7) Estranged*
 * 8) Mother* / Paradise City

Blu-Ray Video

Live In New York - Ritz Theatre – May 16, 1991

Concert: 1.44:1 Pillarbox / 1080p / 24fps

Audio: Dolby Atmos 48kHz 24-bit / Dolby TrueHD 5.1 96kHz 24-bit / PCM Stereo 48kHz 24-bit

Regions: All

Run Time: 2hr 6min

 * 1) Pretty Tied Up*
 * 2) Bad Obsession*
 * 3) Right Next Door To Hell*
 * 4) Mr. Brownstone*
 * 5) Dust N’ Bones*
 * 6) Live And Let Die*
 * 7) Paradise City*
 * 8) Voodoo Child (Slight Return) / Civil War*
 * 9) Drum Solo*
 * 10) Slash Solo*
 * 11) You Could Be Mine*
 * 12) I Was Only Joking / Patience*
 * 13) Only Women Bleed / Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door*
 * 14) Don’t Cry (Original)* [features Shannon Hoon On Vocals]
 * 15) You Ain’t The First* [features Shannon Hoon On Vocals]
 * 16) My Michelle*
 * 17) Estranged*
 * 18) Double Talkin’ Jive*
 * 19) Sweet Child O’ Mine*
 * 20) Welcome To The Jungle*

* Previously unreleased

title: Use Your Illusion


text:
The Pigeon Egg Strategy

The Pigeon Egg Strategy is a black-and-white film directed by Max Makowski. One of the most notable aspects of the film is its multi-cultural nature. Makowski is a Brazilian who speaks Spanish and he shot the film with an American cast in Hong Kong with a crew of Chinese pornographers. The script was written in Germany. It was made for US$125,000 and recouped its investment through self-distribution to small independent cinemas. Completed in 1997, the 84 minute absurdist comedy about a strange chain of events that take place amongst a group of identically attired assassins, posing as German ham delivery men in Hong Kong was shot in less than 15 days. It appeared in the frontier section of the Sundance Film Festival and South by Southwest, and has not received any sort of major distribution, leaving its cult following to a limited number of viewers. There are many jokes about the nature of language and it is filled with puns and non sequitur. The tagline on the poster reads:

"It's all fun and games until someone loses an eye (or a 'u')."

title: The Pigeon Egg Strategy


text:
Jacobo Zabludovsky

Jacobo Zabludovsky Kraveski (May 24, 1928 – July 2, 2015) was a Mexican journalist. He was the first anchorman in Mexican television and his TV news program, 24 Horas (24 Hours) was for decades regarded as the most important in the country.

Early life
Zabludovsky was born in 1928 in Mexico City to Polish Jewish immigrants. He was the brother of Abraham Zabludovsky (1924-2003), a famous architect.

Career
Zabludovsky was a well known anchor man hosting 24 Horas, the main news program on the popular Televisa network between 1970 and 1998. Owing to the nonconfrontational approach of the network, the programme was perceived as partisan and supportive of the government.

In 1998, citing a desire to cut down his workload and ill-health, he retired from presenting 24 Horas, which also came to an end with his departure, marking the end of an era in Mexican journalism. After leaving 24 Horas, Zabludovsky worked on special newscasts and documentaries. However, in 2000, he resigned from the Televisa network following the resignation of his son, Abraham, who also worked for Televisa. Zabludovsky claimed that his son had been overlooked for the position of night time news anchor and that he was resigning out of solidarity with him.

During his career at Televisa, Zabludovsky covered several important issues. He was one of the few Mexicans reporting in Cuba the day Fidel Castro entered Havana in 1959 during the overthrow of the Batista dictatorship and reported from his car phone (at that time these car phones were the only mobile phones in Mexico and were a luxury item), and reported on the 1985 earthquake that destroyed several parts of Mexico City. However, there was criticism of his coverage of presidential elections in 1988 and 1994, when he favored the candidate of the government party to the exclusion of opposition contenders. He interviewed many notable people, including President Ernesto Zedillo, Salvador Dalí and María Félix.

Eighteen months after leaving television, he began a radio newscast on a new station, La 69 at Grupo Radio Centro, with the pledge of being more critical "...in agreement with the new Mexico in which we are living.". Beginning on March 3, 2004, the newscast was also broadcast on Radio Red AM and Radio Red FM. Zabludovsky hosted the newscast until June 22, 2015, being hospitalized shortly after.

From 2007 until 2015, he also wrote "Bucareli", a weekly column for Mexican nationwide newspaper El Universal.

In 2009, his voice appeared in Up!, a Disney-Pixar film.

Zabludovsky returned to television in 2012 as part of ESPN Deportes and ESPN Mexico's coverage of the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was also part of the network's coverage of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup the following year. On June 2, 2015, exactly one month before his death, Zabludovsky covered the historic match between the Cuba national football team and the New York Cosmos in Havana, Cuba. The match marked the first time an American sports team visited Cuba after the United States began normalizing relations with the island nation.

He is the subject of Molotov's song Que No Te Haga Bobo Jacobo (Don't let Jacobo make a fool out of you), where he is accused of receiving bribes from Carlos Salinas and negotiating the news with the government. In a 2013 interview, Zabludovsky said about the song: "I have never heard it, I don't know if it's offensive, but if it was, they have the right to express what they think.".

Death
Zabludovsky died of a stroke caused by dehydration at the age of 87 in Mexico City on the morning of July 2, 2015. He was buried at Mexico City's Israelite (Jewish) Cemetery that afternoon. He is survived by his wife Sara and three children.

title: Jacobo Zabludovsky


text: User talk:65.171.255.181

title: User talk:65.171.255.181


text: Category:Noisecore musical groups

title: Category:Noisecore musical groups


text:
Austrian Football Association

The Austrian Football Association (Österreichischer Fußball-Bund; ÖFB) is the governing body of football in Austria. It organises the football league, Austrian Bundesliga, the Austrian Cup and the Austria national football team, as well as its female equivalent. It is based in the capital, Vienna.

Since 1905, it has been a FIFA member, and since 1954, a UEFA member. Since 7 April 2002, Friedrich Stickler, the director of executive committee of the Austrian lottery, has been the president of the Austrian Football Association. Supporting him is its president, Kurt Ehrenberger, Frank Stronach, Gerhard Kapl, and Leo Windtner. In 2004, it was announced there are 285,000 players (both sexes) in Austria playing for 2,309 teams in the federation, although many more players play informally or for non-recognised teams. Thus the federation is the largest sporting organisation the country. Football is, perhaps with the exception of skiing, the most popular sport in Austria. Football possesses a large value, and has a rich history and tradition in Austria.

History
In 1894, the First Vienna Football Club, the first football team in Austria, were founded in Vienna. From this nucleus, the Austrian Football Association was established in 1904. One year after the establishment, Austria became a member of the international football federation FIFA and hosted the fifth FIFA congress in 1908. In 1913, they supervised the Galicja national team, which was directly subordinate to the Polish Football Association.

The milestones of the federation and past football history were the years 1930 to 1933, 1950 to 1954 and then 1958 as well as 1978, 1982, 1990 and 1998 with the participation of Austria at the World Cup.

Hugo Meisl was one of the best-known personalities in the early years of the Austrian Football Association, becoming general-secretary and national team coach in 1927. At the 1936 Summer Olympics, his team won silver after losing 2–1 to Italy, Austria's only international final. Meisl's team, nicknamed the Wunderteam, remained unbeaten from 12 April 1931 to 23 October 1932 in 14 successive matches. The highlights of this series were the 6–0 (Berlin) and 5–0 (Vienna) victories against Germany.

The 1950s saw more achievements with their well-known football greats such as Ernst Ocwirk (twice captain of the FIFA World Selection Team), Ernst Happel, Gerhard Hanappi and Walter Zeman. The FIFA World Cup 1954 ranks among being most successful in Austrian Football Association history. Twenty years after being in 4th place in the FIFA World Cup 1934 held in Italy, Austria returned to the circle of the best teams again.

Regional associations

 * Burgenland Football Association (German: Burgenländischer Fußball-Verband - BFV) in 1923
 * Lower Austrian Football Association (German: Niederösterreichischer Fußball-Verband - NÖFV) in 1911
 * Upper Austrian Football Association (German: Oberösterreichischer Fußball-Verband - OFV) in 1919
 * Salzburg Football Association (German: Salzburger Fußball-Verband - SFV) in 1921
 * Styria Football Association (German: Steirischer Fußballverband - StFV) in 1923
 * Tirol Football Association (German: Tiroler Fussballverband - TFV) in 1919
 * Vorarlberg Football Association (German:Vorarlberger Fussballverband - VFV) in 1920
 * Vienna Football Association (German: Wiener Fußball-Verband - WFV) in 1923

Former regional associations

 * Polish Football Association (Związek Polski Piłki Nożnej, ZPPN) in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria in 1911–1920 centered in Lemberg (today Lviv), transferred to the Polish Football Association centered in Warsaw as the Lwow District (okrug)
 * German Alpine Football Association (Deutsch-Alpenländische Fußballverband) in 1911 centered in Graz
 * Austrian Union of Sports Workers and Soldiers (Verband der Arbeiter- und Soldatensportvereine Österreichs)

Former associations of Austria-Hungary

 * Football Association of German Prague (Verband der Prager Deutschen Fußball-Vereine) in the city of Prag in 1900 to 1904 and merged to the German Football Union
 * Hungarian Football Federation in 1901 as a separate Hungarian association of the Austria-Hungary
 * Bohemian Football Union in 1901
 * Austrian Football Union in 1904
 * Polish Football Association in 1911
 * German Football Association for Moravia and Silesia in 1913

Presidents

 * 1904–1906: Heinrich Strehblow
 * 1906–1907: Ignaz Abeles
 * 1907–1914: Adolf Wallner
 * 1914–1922: Ignaz Abeles
 * 1922–1926: Karl Volkert
 * 1926–1938: Richard Eberstaller
 * 1945–1955: Josef Gerö
 * 1955–1969: Hans Walch
 * 1970–1976: Heinz Gerö
 * 1976–1982: Karl Sekanina
 * 1982–1984: Herbert Raggautz and Heinz Gerö (interim)
 * 1984–2002: Josef "Beppo" Mauhart
 * 2002–2008: Friedrich Stickler
 * 2008–2009: Kurt Ehrenberger (interim)
 * 2009–2021: Leo Windtner
 * 2021–2023: Gerhard Milletich
 * 2023–present: Klaus Mitterdorfer

Current sponsorships

 * Uniqa
 * Admiral
 * Puma
 * Magenta
 * Tipp3
 * Volkswagen
 * ORF
 * Kronen Zeitung
 * Geomix
 * Raiffeisen Bank International
 * Stiegl
 * ÖBB
 * Burgenland
 * Coca-Cola

title: Austrian Football Association


text:
Category:People of Turkish descent

This category includes articles on people who (or whose ancestors) emigrated from Turkey to other countries. For the opposite, see Category:Turkish people by descent.

title: Category:People of Turkish descent


text:
Conrad Busken Huet

Conrad Busken Huet (28 December 1826, The Hague – 1 May 1886, Paris) was a Dutch pastor, journalist and literary critic.

Biography
Busken Huet, son of a Hague civil servant, attended Gymnasium Haganum and studied theology at Leiden University, in Geneva and Lausanne. He was appointed pastor of the Walloon church in Haarlem in 1851. A student of Prof. Johannes Henricus Scholten and friend of Prof. Abraham Kuenen, Busken Huet familiarized his parishioners with the insights of 'Modern Theology', e.g. with respect to the Bible. In 1857-1858 he created a scandal by publishing Brieven over den Bijbel ('Letters on the Bible'), in which he popularized the 'Modern' view on the origins and authority of the Bible: "Just as all Christianity is purely devotional love after Christ’s example, the entire Bible is purely a human creation. Yes, a creation inspired by the personal faith of the prophets and apostles; brought forth by the national genius of the Hebrews, which genius both the apostles and the prophets represented; one that did not fall from the clouds like a meteor, but rose from the bosom of the Jewish people, as the goddess of beauty rose from the billows whose foam created her; one which was not, in part or whole, put on paper and collected in one or two volumes through the external intervention of Providence, but which emerged leaf by leaf, like a budding flower, from the stem of Israel; one that did not bypass the Jews or go over the heads as it came to us from God, but came from the Jews themselves, under God’s guidance; a human creation, in other words, inspired by human faith, consummated by human art, preserved by human care, understood by every true human heart and acknowledged as the voice of the heart, as the voice of human devotion, human suffering, human happiness: such is the human creation the Bible is to me."

In 1862, after realizing that these 'Letters' had ruined his clerical career, Busken Huet resigned his charge. Attempting journalism instead, he went out to Java in 1868 as the editor of a newspaper. Before this time, however, he had begun his career as a polemical man of letters, although it was not until 1872 that he was made famous by the first series of his Literary Fantasies and Chronicles, a title under which he gradually gathered in successive volumes all that was most durable in his work as a critic. His one novel, Lidewyde, was written under strong French influences.

Returning from the Dutch East Indies, Busken Huet settled for the remainder of his life in Paris. For the last quarter of a century he had been the acknowledged dictator in all questions of Dutch literary taste. Perfectly honest, desirous to be sympathetic, widely read, and devoid of all sectarian obstinacy, Busken Huet introduced into Holland the light and air of Europe. He made it his business to break down the narrow prejudices and the still narrower self-satisfaction of his countrymen, without endangering his influence by a mere effusion of paradox. He was a brilliant writer, who would have been admired in any language, but whose appearance in a literature so stiff and dead as that of Holland in the fifties was dazzling enough to produce a sort of awe and stupefaction. The posthumous correspondence of Busken Huet has been published. Also, Busken Huet used papers by Peter Thaborita for his description of Pier Gerlofs Donia.

title: Conrad Busken Huet


text:
Bufalino crime family

The Bufalino crime family, also known as the Pittston crime family, the Scranton Wilkes-Barre crime family, the Northeastern Pennsylvania crime family, the Northeastern Pennsylvania Mafia, or the Scranton Mafia, was an Italian-American Mafia crime family active in Northeastern Pennsylvania, primarily in the cities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and Pittston.

Bufalino and Barbara hosting the Apalachin meeting
After the death of boss Giovanni "John" Sciandra in 1949, the family elected Rosario Alberto "Russell" Bufalino to become the new boss of the crime family.

In November 1957, boss Russell Bufalino and Buffalo crime family caporegime Joseph Barbara held a national Cosa Nostra meeting at his Apalachin, New York, estate. The meeting was preceded by the assassination of Albert Anastasia by a few weeks, as well as a smaller meeting at the New Jersey estate of Ruggiero Boiardo. The Apalachin meeting was attended by about 100 Mafia heads from the U.S., Italy and Cuba. A raid by New York State Police caught many heads of families or their deputies. Many other family heads and their deputies were suspected of being present by law enforcement but evaded detection and capture. All those apprehended were fined, up to $10,000 each, and given prison sentences ranging from three to five years, however, all the convictions were overturned on appeal in 1960.

Bufalino era

Russell Bufalino became a powerful mafia boss. He maintained a close alliance with the New York Genovese family. After Bufalino was imprisoned in the late 1970s on extortion charges related to the collection of a debt, William "Big Billy" D'Elia became the family acting boss with the support from underboss Edward Sciandra.

D'Elia was aided in running the family by captains Anthony Guarnieri, James David Osticco, and Phillip Medico, Consigliere Remo Allio, as well as soldiers Angelo Bufalino, John Rizzo, Angelo Son, and Joseph Sperrazza. Bufalino was released from prison in 1980 briefly after serving his sentence for extortion. Towards the end of 1981 Bufalino was again imprisoned after being found guilty of conspiring to kill Jack Napoli, a witness in his 1978 extortion trial. Bufalino learned the whereabouts of Napoli, then in the Witness Protection Program, and conspired with Los Angeles mobster Jimmy Fratianno and another man he met in prison to murder Napoli. Fratianno turned government informant and testified against Bufalino at trial. He was sentenced to ten years imprisonment and released in 1989. Russell Bufalino died on February 25, 1994, of natural causes near Pittston, Pennsylvania.

D'Elia the last boss
William "Big Billy" D'Elia became the new boss of the Bufalino crime family after the death of boss Russell Bufalino in 1994. He started his criminal career in the Bufalino family in the late 1960s as Bufalino's driver, after his late sister married the only son of capo James David Osticco. According to the Pennsylvania Crime Commission, D'Elia was placed in the crew of Caporegime Phillip Medico. D'Elia advanced through the ranks of the organization rather quickly, due to the natural attrition of members and indictments in the 1980s and 1990s. He took over the crime family's solid waste rackets and oversaw the traditional Mafia rackets run by the members and associates of the family. D'Elia also attempted to replenish the aging ranks of the family, with limited success. As boss, D'Elia worked with the other crime families in New York City, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Southern Florida, and Los Angeles. In the 1990s, D'Elia was linked to a money laundering scheme involving numerous Northeastern Pennsylvania bookmakers, escort services, corrupt politicians, and associates of Russian organized crime. D'Elia was closely aligned with the Philadelphia crime family. When Philadelphia crime family boss John Stanfa was imprisoned, D'Elia was one of Stanfa's choices as interim caretaker of the family.

On May 31, 2001, agents from the Criminal Investigation Division of the IRS, US Postal Inspectors, and Pennsylvania State Police executed search warrants at the homes of D'Elia, his mistress Jeanie Stanton, Thomas Joseph, and Marranca, who has been identified as an informant working for the FBI and the Pennsylvania State Police. Marranca also testified on behalf of authorities against Louis DeNaples in front of the Fourth Statewide Investigating Grand Jury, in regards to DeNaples' mob ties and his ownership of the Mount Airy Casino. On February 26, 2003, D'Elia was banned from entering any Atlantic City, New Jersey, casinos by the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement, based on information shared by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Pennsylvania Crime Commission.

On May 31, 2006, D'Elia was indicted on federal charges of laundering $600,000 in illegal drug proceeds obtained from a Florida-based associate of the Bufalino crime family among others, including Lucchese family associate Phillip "Fipper" Forgione. While D'Elia was free on bail, he solicited a U.S. Customs Agency informant to murder a witness in the case and was remanded to prison until his eventual guilty plea and sentencing. In March 2008, D'Elia pleaded guilty to witness tampering and money laundering. He was sentenced to nine years in prison. D'Elia cooperated with the government and testified against Louis DeNaples, the owner of Mount Airy Casino Resort in the Pocono Mountains. In 2010, D'Elia got two years dropped from his sentence for his assisting the government's investigation against DeNaples.

Status
In 2011, author Dave Janoski interviewed former Pennsylvania Crime Commission investigator James Kanavy who asserted that there is no longer a standalone family in Northeastern Pennsylvania, and that any remnants of the Mafia family would be aligned with the New York families.

Boss (official and acting)

 * 1900–1905: Tommaso Petto — killed
 * 1905–1908: Stefano LaTorre — stepped down
 * 1908–1933: Santo Volpe — retired in 1933
 * 1933–1949: Giovanni "John" Sciandra — died of natural causes in 1949. There is a common misconception he was murdered in 1940, but newspaper articles confirm he died of natural causes in 1949.
 * 1949–1994: Rosario Alberto "Russell" Bufalino — imprisoned from 1978 to 1989; retired, he died on February 25, 1994
 * Acting 1978–1994: William "Big Billy" D'Elia — became boss
 * 1994–2008: William "Big Billy" D'Elia — in 2006 he was indicted on money laundering charges, in 2008 he pleaded guilty and testified in front of a grand jury for leniency.

Former family members

 * Frank Cannone – former soldier, deceased, he ran a bookmaking operation in Binghamton, New York.
 * Anthony "the Bone" Cozzone - served as bookmaker and accountant during 1950s. He died in 2002.
 * Anthony F. Guarnieri – former caporegime, died in 1992.
 * John Krasner – former associate. Krasner was a pornographer based in Allentown who was closely affiliated with Russell Bufalino. According to a 1977 Justice Department report, he controlled "the majority of the pornographic business in the Middle District of Pennsylvania, southern New York state and New Jersey". Krasner had an arrest record beginning in 1944 and was convicted of obscenity charges on at least five occasions, including twice in 1972, in June 1973, and in February 1975. He was involved in a dispute with his business partner, Allen C. Morrow, over control of the pornography empire they built together, during which several adult bookstores were bombed. Krasner paid a contract killer $10,000 to murder Morrow. The hitman informed Morrow of the murder contract and offered to kill Krasner, but Morrow instead alerted authorities. Krasner was convicted of the murder plot in 1977 and was subsequently released on appeal bond. In 1978, Krasner was arrested after allegedly assaulting a clergyman who was picketing one of his porn shops, but charges were later dismissed. On February 5, 1979, he was shot and killed aged 53 by Solomon Webb in a motel parking lot during an attempted robbery while on vacation in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Webb was convicted of first-degree murder. Krasner's pornography empire was inherited by his wife and children.
 * Anthony J. Mosco – former soldier, he was active in Binghamton, New York Mosco served 17 years in federal prison for racketeering along with capo Anthony "Guv" Guarnieri and other family members and associates. He currently resides in Arizona and Florida and has been seen visiting with family members and associates in the Pittston area in recent years.
 * James Osticco – served as underboss to Russell Bufalino. Died in 1990.
 * Angelo Polizzi – served as consigliere to Giovanni Sciandra. He moved to Detroit and started the Polizzi line of L.C.N. figures in the Detroit area.
 * Edward "Eddie the Conductor" Sciandra – served as consigliere to Russell Bufalino. imprisoned 1981–1982; was close with Anthony Guarnieri and William D'Elia Died in 2003.
 * Frank "The Irishman" Sheeran – former associate and right-hand man to Russell Bufalino. He was indicted in July 1980 with six others on labor racketeering charges, and on October 31, 1980, he was convicted and sentenced to a 32 year prison term, he served 13 years and was released in 1993. He died at age 83 on December 14, 2003.

title: Bufalino crime family


text: User talk:130.13.68.51

title: User talk:130.13.68.51


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Svetogorsk

Svetogorsk (Светогорск, Enso) is an industrial town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus, on the Vuoksi River. It is located 1 km from the border with Finland, 5 km from the Finnish town of Imatra, and 207 km from St. Petersburg. Population:

History
Originally called Enso, the town was founded in 1887 to serve a paper mill. At the time, Enso was part of Viipuri Province and the Jääski Municipality in the Grand Duchy of Finland, which was an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. When Finland became independent in 1917, Enso remained part of Finland.

The territory was ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty as a result of the Winter War. After the Winter War, the Finns and the Soviets disagreed on the interpretation of the peace treaty regarding Enso. The former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Finland Väinö Tanner wrote in his memoirs: "Already now a dispute about the district of Enso developed. According to the map attached to the peace treaty Enso was clearly intended to belong to Finland but the Russians claimed that it should belong to them. Later the map was redrawn according to the interests of the Russians so that the border bends at Enso."

In March 1940, Enso became a part of Yaskinsky District with the administrative center in the work settlement of Yaski. It was a part of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, after March 31, 1940 of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic. Enso was recaptured by Finns between 1941 and 1944 during the Continuation War but was again ceded to Soviets by the Moscow Armistice. This secession was formalized after signing the Paris Peace Treaty in 1947. The Finnish population was resettled to Finland, while migrants from Central Russia resettled the Karelian Isthmus.

On November 24, 1944, Yaskinsky District was transferred from Karelo-Finnish SSR to Leningrad Oblast. On October 1, 1948, the district was renamed Lesogorsky and on January 13, 1949, all Finnish names of the localities were replaced with Russian names. In particular, Enso was renamed Svetogorsk. On December 9, 1960, Lesogorsky District was abolished and merged into Vyborgsky District.

In 1972, the Soviet Union awarded Finland a construction project for a large new cellulose and paper mill in Svetogorsk. The project was paid with Soviet crude oil. The project also gave a start to cross-border relations. Notably, the construction workers in Svetogorsk were called "builders", and the project also had intent to "build friendship between peoples".

On April 18, 2008, about five hundred inhabitants of Svetogorsk participated in a protest which included a road barricade on the Finnish–Russian border as a protest against poor road conditions and lack of investment in road improvement at both federal and municipal level. According to the Finnish public service broadcaster Yle, the militia participated in effectively cutting off through traffic. The main issue of discontent was the lack of a bypass, which, according to reports, should have already been built.

Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the urban-type settlement of Lesogorsky and two rural localities, incorporated within Vyborgsky District as Svetogorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation. As a municipal division, Svetogorskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Vyborgsky Municipal District as Svetogorskoye Urban Settlement.

Industry
Before the Winter War, the town was a major factory site for Enso-Gutzeit Oy, the Finnish pulp and paper company (now Stora Enso). In the 1940 Moscow Peace Treaty, the new Finnish-Soviet border was deliberately drawn to leave the factory complex on the Soviet side. The town's major industry is still pulp and paper.

OAO Svetogorsk, one of the biggest paper mills in Russia, is the major employer. Covering 2 km2, OAO Svetogorsk produces pulp, printing paper, and packaging board. Its brands include Svetocopy and Ballet office paper. Since December 1998, OAO Svetogorsk has been majority owned by International Paper. At end of 2001, the plant employed 3,000 people; by 2008 this had fallen to 2,200.

Immediately adjacent to OAO Svetogorsk is a tissue mill. This formed part of the original mill complex but was split-away and resold by International Paper to SCA during the acquisition of OAO Svetogorsk from Tetra Laval, which controlled the plant since 1995. Svetogorsk Tissue, as the separate entity was to be called, became fully integrated into SCA Hygiene Products Division in 2003 (called Essity since 2017). It employs around four hundred people. Its products include Zewa and Tork brands of paper towels and toilet paper.

Border crossing
The Imatra–Svetogorsk border crossing plays a key role in the transportation of timber between Russia and Finland. Also, around 150 employees commute daily from Imatra to the paper mills. The border crossing, which had temporary status, was a bottleneck causing frequent delays due to lengthy customs checks and inadequate facilities. A Russia-Finland agreement in 1997 allowed the development and eventual permanence of the border crossing. This €7 million European Union TACIS-funded project ran from 1999 and the new international frontier, capable of handling 1,300 cars per day, opened on July 3, 2002.

Transportation
Svetogorsk is connected by railway with Kamennogorsk, where it has connection to the old Vyborg–Joensuu railroad. There is suburban traffic to Vyborg. The continuation of the railroad beyond Svetogorsk to the Finnish–Russian border is disused.

Svetogorsk is connected by roads with Kamennogorsk and Vyborg, as well as with Imatra across the border.

In fiction
Svetogorsk is a key location in Desmond Bagley's 1973 novel The Tightrope Men.

Sister city
Svetogorsk has one sister city:
 * 🇫🇮 Imatra, Finland

title: Svetogorsk


text:
José Luis Oliva Meza

José Luis Oliva Meza is the former mayor (1992–1994) of Naolinco, Veracruz, Mexico, and director of the radio station Grupo Oliva Radio en el estado de Veracruz.

title: José Luis Oliva Meza


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Bernie Carbo

Bernardo Carbo (born August 5, 1947) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He began his career with the Cincinnati Reds, and went on to play with five other teams, including two stints with the St. Louis Cardinals and Boston Red Sox.

Early life
He was raised in the Detroit suburb of Livonia and graduated in 1965 from Franklin High School, playing for the school's baseball team while there. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

Career
An outfielder, Carbo was the Cincinnati Reds' first selection (16th overall) in the inaugural 1965 draft, ahead of Johnny Bench, and his first major league hit was a home run. In his 1970 rookie season, Carbo posted career highs in batting average (.310), home runs (21), runs batted in (63), hits (113), on-base percentage (.454), slugging average (.551), OPS (1.005) and games played (125). Carbo was selected Rookie of the Year by The Sporting News, but he slumped in the next two seasons and was sent to the St. Louis Cardinals.

Boston Red Sox
After the 1973 season in late October, St. Louis traded Carbo and Rick Wise to the Boston Red Sox for Reggie Smith and Ken Tatum. He said of coming to Boston: "When I first met [Red Sox owner] Mr. Yawkey, he was shining shoes in the clubhouse," said Carbo, "and I went up to him and gave him $20 and told him to get me a cheeseburger and fries." While playing for the Red Sox, he was a part of the "Buffalo Heads", with Bill "Spaceman" Lee and Ferguson Jenkins. Carbo would also carry around a giant stuffed gorilla that was named Mighty Joe Young. The gorilla sat next to him in the middle seat on planes. Carl Yastrzemski wanted the gorilla placed on the bat rack in the dugout.

The 1975 World Series matched the Red Sox with the heavily favored Cincinnati Reds, who were looking for their first title since 1940. Boston had also suffered a drought by not winning a Series since 1918. The clubs battled back and forth, with the Reds winning three of the first five games. Carbo was excited to see some of his old teammates. Carbo would be on the bench, and his former teammates were sympathetic. Clay Carroll inscribed a picture for him and it read "Good luck in the World Series." After Game 3, when Carbo hit a home run off him, Carbo said, "They told me Carroll was in here and just went crazy, ripping up the picture into little pieces."

Game 6 was postponed three days because of rain. Carbo did not join his teammates for batting practice at Tufts University because he said he couldn't find it. He spent the early part of Game 6 working on his Louisville Slugger. "I’m sitting there and I’m whittling this bat, I took a lathe and took all the polish off. It's nice and smooth. Rick Wise is sitting next to me and says, ‘You know, you can’t use that bat. It doesn’t have an emblem on it.’ So as the game was going I took a magic marker and wrote ‘Louisville Slugger’ on it. That's how I kept myself amused."

In Game 6 (October 21), with two outs and two batters on base in the eighth inning, Roger Moret was scheduled to bat. Darrell Johnson told Carbo to get ready. And I said, "Hey, I'm not going to hit. Juan Beníquez, grab a bat, you're going to hit. Sparky's going to go to the lefthander because Sparky goes by the book." Darrell said, "Well, go up and stand on the on-deck circle." And they introduced me. So I'm still thinking Sparky will come out and take Rawly Eastwick out and go with Will McEnaney. But the umpire says, "C'mon, you’ve been announced, you’re hitting."

So I go into the batter's box. I ain’t ready to hit. Next thing, strike one, strike two, ball one, ball two. Then he threw me a cut fastball, a little slider and I took it right out of Bench's glove — the ball just dribbled out. I step out and I’m thinking, "Aw man, I almost struck out. I was lucky."

I hit the next pitch to center field. I rounded first base and I saw César Gerónimo going back. Rounding second, I knew it was gone and I'm yelling to Pete Rose, "Don't you wish you were this strong?" And Pete is yelling back, "Ain't this fun, Bernie? This is what the World Series is about. This is fun."

Johnny Bench said after the game it looked like a Little Leaguer learning how to hit. Pete Rose said it was the worst swing he ever saw. Don Zimmer said he thought it was over. Rico Petrocelli said it looked like a pitcher who hurt his arm, trying to make a comeback as a hitter.

Carbo's pinch three-run home run tied the score 6-6, paving the way for Carlton Fisk's game-winning homer in the bottom of the twelfth for a 7-6 Red Sox victory. Carbo's pinch homer was his second of the Series, tying Chuck Essegian's 16-year-old record for most in a World Series. Game 7, watched by an estimated 71 million TV viewers, saw the Reds triumph in the ninth inning on a bloop single by Joe Morgan for a 4-3 win.

Tom Yawkey would pass away in 1976, and Carbo wept. Carbo saw Yawkey as a father figure, because his father did not really care about him. Even after his game tying home run in Game 6, he waited all night for a call and did not receive one. New owners Haywood Sullivan and Buddy LeRoux hired a private detective to follow Carbo.

On November 10, 2004, he was inducted into the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame.

Later career
He was eventually sold to the Cleveland Indians in June 1978. This made Bill Lee mad and he called the owners "gutless" and staged a walkout.

His major league career ended in 1980 with the Pittsburgh Pirates. In a 12-year career, Carbo was a .264 hitter with 96 home runs and 358 RBI in 1010 games.

In 1989–90, while playing in a senior league in St. Petersburg, Florida, Carbo hit rock bottom. His mother had committed suicide, his father died two months later, and his family was disintegrating. He was spending $32,000 a month on drugs (mostly cocaine). Dalton Jones, a member of the Red Sox 1967 Impossible Dream team, took one look at Carbo and said, "You need Jesus."

Carbo was the field manager for the Pensacola Pelicans from 2003 to 2005. Carbo compiled a record of 150–103 in his three seasons as the field manager, a winning percentage of .593. He led the Pelicans to the championship series in the independent Southeastern League in 2003, losing to the Baton Rouge RiverBats. Carbo resigned in February 2006, in order to return full-time to Diamond Club Ministry.

After baseball
After retiring, Carbo went on to cosmetology school and opened a hairdressing salon. In 1985, in a federal drug distribution trial, former Cardinal Keith Hernandez said Carbo was the man who introduced him to cocaine in 1980. Carbo subsequently lost his house and his salon because of the bad publicity.

He has since become a born again Christian. In 1993, he founded the evangelical organization "Diamond Club Ministry." and now spends his time ministering to families and their children through his love for the game. He says he has not used drugs or alcohol in over fifteen years.

Admissions to drug use
On April 1, 2010, in an interview with the Boston Globe, Carbo admitted to doing drugs during the 1975 World Series. He states, "I probably smoked two joints, drank about three or four beers, got to the ballpark, took some [amphetamines], took a pain pill, drank a cup of coffee, chewed some tobacco, had a cigarette, and got up to the plate and hit." It was not just a one-time binge, however. In the same article, Carbo states, "I played every game high. I was addicted to anything you could possibly be addicted to. I played the outfield sometimes where it looked like the stars were falling from the sky."

"I threw away my career", said Carbo. "If I knew Jesus Christ was my savior at 17, I would have been one heck of a ballplayer, a near Hall of Famer. Instead, I wanted to die."

title: Bernie Carbo


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The Maples (electoral district)

The Maples is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The riding was created by redistribution in 1989, has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba since the provincial election of 1990. It is located in the north end of Winnipeg. The riding is bordered by Kildonan to the east, Inkster to the west, Burrows to the south and Gimli to the north.

The riding's population in 1996 was 19,234. The average family income in 1999 was $45,853, with an unemployment rate of 9.30%. 25% of the riding's residents are categorized as low-income.

The Maples has the second-highest immigrant population in Manitoba, at 32.6% of the total. Its ethnic base is diverse; 12% of the riding's residents are Filipino, 8% are Ukrainian, 7% are East Indian, 3% are Italian, and a further 3% are Chinese. Manufacturing jobs accounted for 20% of the riding's industry in 1999.

title: The Maples (electoral district)


text:
Simitis

Simitis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Costas Simitis (born 1936), Greek politician
 * Ilse Grubrich-Simitis, German psychoanalyst
 * Spiros Simitis (1934–2023), German jurist

title: Simitis