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Calhoun Street Extension

The Calhoun Street Extension is a series of roads in Trenton, New Jersey and nearby Lawrence Township. It runs from the Calhoun Street Bridge over the Delaware River to Brunswick Circle, and is composed of the following named streets: The Extension was built as a joint undertaking by the New Jersey State Highway Commission, the city of Trenton and Mercer County; it opened in January 1932. New roads built were the Brunswick Circle Extension and the northeast part of Calhoun Street; the rest of Calhoun Street and Princeton Avenue existed before the road was built. Princeton Avenue was already maintained by the county; the rest was taken over by the state.
 * Calhoun Street
 * Part of Princeton Avenue
 * Brunswick Circle Extension

The road was intended as a bypass of downtown Trenton for cars and light trucks; the Calhoun Street Bridge had and still has a low weight limit. It may have been part of Route 26, which continued north from Brunswick Circle. On the Pennsylvania side of the Delaware River, the road from the bridge rejoined the Lincoln Highway to Philadelphia at Fallsington. On the New Jersey side, the Lincoln Highway ran through Brunswick Circle, and the new Route 26 to New Brunswick, built in 1930, began at the Circle.

In the 1950s, it was numbered as part of County Route 583 except along the Brunswick Circle Extension; it now has the following numbers: The Extension has been supplanted by the Trenton Freeway (U.S. Route 1), which also connects Brunswick Circle to the Delaware River.
 * County Route 653 along Calhoun Street
 * County Route 583 and southbound U.S. Route 206 (also signed as southbound U.S. Route 1 Business) along Princeton Avenue
 * County Route 645 (also signed as southbound US 206 and US 1 Business; US 206 southbound officially stays with Princeton Avenue and US 1 Business southbound isn't officially there) along Brunswick Circle Extension.

title: Calhoun Street Extension


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Omar Abdullah

Omar Abdullah (born 10 March 1970) is an Indian politician who served as former Chief Minister of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir and Chairperson of Jammu and Kashmir National Conference since 2009.

He became the 11th and the youngest Chief Minister of the State of Jammu and Kashmir and youngest Lok Sabha member, after forming a government in coalition with the Congress party, on 5 January 2009.

He was the last Leader of opposition in the erstwhile state Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (Member of the Legislative Assembly from Beerwah constituency of Budgam district) before the assembly was dissolved in 2018 and the state of Jammu & Kashmir ceased to exist as on 6 August 2019. On 6 February 2020 the Government of India booked him under the Public Safety Act (PSA) which was revoked on 24 March 2020.

He was a member of 14th Lok Sabha, representing Srinagar constituency of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He was the Union Minister of State for External affairs in Atal Bihari Vajpayee's NDA government, from 23 July 2001 to 23 December 2002. He resigned from NDA government in October 2002 to concentrate on party work.

Omar joined politics in 1998, as a Lok Sabha member, a feat he repeated in subsequent three elections and also remained the Union minister; he took on the mantle of National Conference from his father in 2002, though lost his own seat of Ganderbal during the 2002 state assembly elections, and so did his party, the political mandate; four years later, he contested once again from the same seat and won in the 2008 Kashmir State Elections.

In run up to the 2024 Lok Sabha polls, Omar Abdullah showed unwillingness to go for a seat sharing agreement with other political parties under the INDI alliance in Jammu and Kashmir, and insisted on NC contesting all seats in Kashmir region.

Personal life
Omar Abdullah was born on 10 March 1970 in Rochford, Essex, United Kingdom. He is a grandson of Sheikh Abdullah, and the only son of Farooq Abdullah, a physician. All three men have held the position of Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. His mother, Mollie, an Englishwoman and a nurse by profession, has said that she was not in favor of him joining politics. He studied at the Burn Hall School located at Sonwar Bagh, Srinagar and then at Lawrence School, Sanawar. He is a B.Com. graduate of Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics. He was employed with ITC Limited and The Oberoi Group till the age of 29 before entering politics. He did commence an MBA with the University of Strathclyde, however due his election to the Lok Sabha, he dropped out from the course.

He married Payal Nath from Delhi. She is the daughter of a retired army officer, Ram Nath. In September 2011, Omar confirmed that he and his wife have separated. His younger sister, Sara, was married to Sachin Pilot, son of Rajesh Pilot whose divorced news has come recently.

He had a role in director Apoorva Lakhia’s film, Mission Istanbul (2008) playing himself.

Political career
In 1998, at the age of 28, Omar Abdullah was elected to the 12th Lok Sabha, becoming the youngest member. In 1998–99, he was a member of both the Committee on Transport and Tourism and the Ministry of Tourism's Consultative Committee. In 1999, he was elected to 13th Lok Sabha (2nd term as a Member of Parliament). On 13 October 1999, he took oath as Union Minister of State, Commerce and Industry. On 22 July 2001, he became the youngest Union Minister, when he was made Union Minister of State for External Affairs. He resigned from the post on 23 December 2002, to concentrate on party work.

On 23 June 2002, he became the President of the National Conference party, replacing his father, Farooq Abdullah. He lost his Ganderbal seat in the Kashmir assembly elections held in September–October 2002. Abdullah was re-elected as the National Conference party's president in 2006. In March 2006, much to the disapproval of the centre Omar Abdullah had a one-on-one meeting with Pakistan's president, Pervez Musharraf, in Islamabad. This was the first meeting of its kind between a mainstream politician from Jammu & Kashmir and the Pakistani government, thereby re-enforcing Omar's growing commitment to the solution of the Jammu & Kashmir cause.

On 22 July 2008, Omar gave a speech during the 2008 Lok Sabha vote of confidence, which was praised and won him fans on the internet.

After the 2008 Kashmir Elections, the National Conference won the maximum number of seats, and formed a coalition government with the Congress party, and Omar was sworn in as the 11th Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir on 5 January 2009 at the General Zoravar Singh Auditorium in the University of Jammu, Jammu, raising hope amongst the people of Jammu and Kashmir who had been reeling under insurgency and violence caused by cross border terrorism since 1989.

In 2009, Omar Abdullah was accused of covering up the rape and murder of two young women in Shopian. Many regarded this as Abdullah's first failure, as even moderates felt Abdullah had bowed to pressure from New Delhi. Mr. Abdullah has been appointed as a member of the Coordination Committee of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance at its Mumbai convention on 1 September 2023. The coordination committee will decide the national agenda, common campaign issues and common program of the country's main opposition alliance (I.N.D.I.A.).

In the 2024 Lok Sabha Election Omar Abdullah is defeated by Engineer Sheikh Abdul Rashid.

Detention
On the intervening night of 4 and 5 August 2019, Omar Abdullah was placed under preventive detention by the Indian Government under Section 107 of the CRPC. This came as a backdrop to the government's decision of scrapping Article 370 of the Constitution of India, which gave the state of Jammu & Kashmir semi-autonomous powers.

After the expiry of the six-month detention without any charges, Abdullah has been freshly charged and detained under the Public Safety Act (PSA) which has been revoked on 24 March 2020.

"The capacity of the subject to influence people for any cause can be gauged from the fact that he was able to convince his electorate to come out and vote in huge numbers even during peak of militancy and poll boycotts," the government dossier continues.

Abdullah's sister, Sara Abdullah Pilot has filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court challenging Abdullah's detention calling it "wholly antithetical to a democratic polity and undermines the Indian Constitution" and asking that the SC secure Abdullah's release.

The petition also includes a habeas corpus for Abdullah to be produced before the Supreme Court.

On 10 February 2020, senior advocate Kapil Sibal, appearing for petitioner Sara Abdullah Pilot, mentioned the matter for urgent listing before a bench headed by Justice N V Ramana.

On 14 February 2020 the Supreme Court issued notice to the Jammu & Kashmir administration and set the next date of hearing as 2 March 2020.

On 24 March 2020 Omar Abdullah was released from detention. Following his release, he demanded other people held under detention be released as well.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Omar Abdullah


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Ayu sweetfish

The ayu sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis), ayu (アユ, 鮎, 年魚, 香魚) or sweetfish, is a species of fish. It is the only species in the genus Plecoglossus and family Plecoglossidae. It is a relative of the smelts and other fish in the order Osmeriformes.

Native to East Asia, it is distributed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean along the coast of Hokkaidō in Japan southward to the Korean Peninsula, China, Hong Kong and northern Vietnam. It is amphidromous, moving between coastal marine waters and freshwater lakes and rivers. A few landlocked populations also exist in lakes in Japan such as Biwa. Original wild populations in Taiwan became extinct in 1968 due to pollution and present extant populations were reintroduced from Japan in the 1990s.

The name "sweetfish" was inspired by the sweetness of its flesh. In reference to its typical one-year lifespan, it is also written as 年魚 ("year-fish"). Some individuals live two to three years. The ayu is the prefectural fish of Gunma Prefecture and Gifu Prefecture.

Subspecies
Two to three subspecies are recognized by some authors. Others do not distinguish the subtaxa.

Subspecies include:
 * P. a. altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (ayu, sweetfish)
 * P. a. chinensis Y. F. Wu & X. J. Shan, 2005 (Chinese ayu)
 * P. a. ryukyuensis M. Nishida, 1988 (Ryukyu ayu-fish) – endangered

Biology

An omnivore, the ayu feeds on algae, crustaceans, insects, sponges, and worms. It feeds on algae that accumulates on the rocks, scraping it off the rocks with their saw-shaped teeth. Adults typically maintain a feeding territory, but the form restricted to lakes and associated streams is schooling. Most populations of this species are amphidromous and breed in the lower part of rivers during the autumn, laying their eggs in small pits they dig in the gravel. The eggs hatch shortly after and the larvae are carried downriver to the sea. They overwinter in coastal regions, staying there until the spring where the young fish typically are about 6 cm long and move back to the rivers. Here they reach 15 - 30 cm by the summer. They reach maturity by the autumn and move down to the lower part of rivers to breed. Some die after breeding and only live one year, but others return to live in the ocean and may spawn up to three times, each time moving into the lower part of rivers in the autumn. In Japan, some populations live their entire life in freshwater, only moving between lakes and the associated streams where they breed. These have a more variable migration pattern, moving upstream from the lakes in the spring, summer or autumn. Although their larvae mostly stay within freshwater, some are carried downstream with the current to the sea and become part of the amphidromous populations. The freshwater-restricted populations typically reach an age of two or three years. During the breeding season the amphidromous and freshwater-restricted forms may occur together. Ayu are also stocked in reservoirs. Although there are reports of ayu up to 70 cm long, a more typical maximum size for the species is about 30 cm. The form restricted to freshwater is considerably smaller than the amphidromous form. The freshwater-restricted ayu of Lake Biwa that migrate into their spawning streams in the spring can reach up to about 15 cm in length, but those that migrate later in the year, primarily in the autumn, only grow to 10 cm. This is caused by differences in the availability of food.

Human uses
Ayu is an edible fish, mostly consumed in East Asia. Its flesh has a distinctive, sweet flavour with "melon and cucumber aromas". It is consequently highly prized as a food fish. The main methods for obtaining ayu are by means of fly fishing, by using a fish trap, and by fishing with a decoy which is known as ayu-no-tomozuri in Japan. The decoy is a living ayu placed on a hook, which swims when immersed into water. It provokes the territorial behavior of other ayu, which assault the "intruder" and get caught. Japanese fishers also catch it using cormorant fishing. On the Nagara River where Japanese cormorants (Phalacrocorax capillatus) are used by the fishermen, the fishing season draws visitors from all over the world. The Japanese cormorants, known in Japanese as umi-u (ウミウ, "sea-cormorant"), are domesticated birds trained for this purpose. The bird catches the ayu, stores it in its crop, and delivers it to the fishermen.

Ayu is also fished commercially, and captive juveniles are raised in aquaculture before being released into rivers for sport fishing.

A common method of preparing ayu and other small fish in Japan is to skewer it in such a way so that its body forms a wave, making it look as though it is swimming.

title: Ayu sweetfish


text:
Museum station (Toronto)

Museum is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It opened in 1963 and is located under Queen's Park at Charles Street West, beside the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) after which it is named. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

Structure
The station structure was created in the middle of the road using cut and cover, while immediately south of the station the line goes into a bored tunnel to run under Queen's Park, passing east of the Ontario Legislative Building to reach Queen's Park station. The concourse is located under the roadway, one level above the north end of a centre platform, with entrances from either side of the road. There are two stairways on the west side adjacent to the southern end of the Royal Ontario Museum and two on the east, just south of Charles Street. Pedestrians are encouraged to use the station as a pedestrian underpass to cross Queen's Park, a wide and busy thoroughfare without a centre median. There is also a stairway from Queens Park leading directly to the southern end of the subway platform. This station does not yet have an elevator and is not wheelchair accessible.

When plans for the adjacent and now closed McLaughlin Planetarium were drawn up in the mid-1960s, a tunnel that would lead directly to the Planetarium was contemplated, but this plan was scrapped as being too expensive.

Connection to Line 2 Bloor–Danforth
and stations each have four parallel tracks, two above two. Between these stations and Museum is a full double-track, grade-separated wye junction. The tracks to/from Museum connect to the upper St. George and Lower Bay stations, while the tracks along Bloor use lower St. George and upper Bay.

The decision by Metro Council in 1960 to build a wye from the University line to the eastbound Bloor line between Museum and Bay stations was a controversial one. TTC Chairman Clarence Downey opposed the construction, estimated to cost about $10 million, saying that $10 million would build an extra mile of subway on the Bloor–Danforth line. The construction was estimated to cost $3 million for the basic interchange, and $7 million for the “intricate trackage system”.

From February to September 1966, all three sides of the wye were used in regular service: from each of three terminals—,, and —trains ran alternately to the other two (between Eglinton and Museum via ). Thereafter, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth became a separate route, Lower Bay was closed, and upper St. George became a terminus for the Yonge–University line until it was extended to in 1978. The tunnel to Lower Bay is visible from northbound trains shortly after they leave Museum Station.

Station access upgrades
In August 2022, construction started on a second entrance via an exterior staircase at the south end of Museum station; it was opened in May 2024. The staircase is located at the north end of Queens Park Circle on the south side of the War Memorial monument. It leads down to platform-level turnstiles, located at the site of a former storage space. For station accessibility, there will also be an entrance via elevator to a new concourse level providing access to a second elevator to the platform level; work on these changes are expected to be completed by the end of 2025.

Architecture and art
The station opened with the same tile scheme which would become standard on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, whose first phase was completed three years later in 1966. Smooth, unadorned cream-coloured rectangular tiles were predominant, with a strip of narrower blue tiles near the ceiling. The unique Toronto subway typeface was used for the station name, sandblasted into the wall and painted in the same shade of blue as the narrower strip of tiles.

Designed by Diamond and Schmitt Architects and constructed by Jeviso Construction Corporation, renovations to the station's platform level were completed in April 2008 to evoke exhibits in the Royal Ontario Museum. Supporting columns have been remade to resemble the ancient Egyptian deity Osiris, as well as Toltec warriors of Tula, Doric columns found in the Parthenon, China's Forbidden City columns, and Indigenous Northwest Coast house posts. This renovation purged Museum Station's original tile scheme from the platform level. Walls were reclad with mauve aluminum plate panels by Ontario Panelization of London, Ontario. They incorporated painted 1/4" fire-rated Lexan into the panels composing the large "MUSEUM" lettering on the walls with a historical hieroglyphic inscription from the ROM.

Nearby landmarks
In addition to its proximity to the Royal Ontario Museum, other landmarks nearby include the Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art, The Royal Conservatory of Music, the defunct McLaughlin Planetarium, and the northeast corner of the University of Toronto (which includes Trinity College, Victoria University, St. Michael's College, the Faculty of Law, and the Faculty of Music).

Surface connections

A transfer is required to connect between the subway system and these surface routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

title: Museum station (Toronto)


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Life Is a Highway

"Life Is a Highway" is a song by Canadian musician Tom Cochrane from his second studio album, Mad Mad World (1991). The song became a number-one hit in Canada in late 1991. "Life Is a Highway" also peaked at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in August 1992 and reached the top three in Australia and New Zealand the same year. The song was covered by Chris LeDoux for his 1998 album One Road Man and Rascal Flatts for the Cars soundtrack.

Background and release
Cochrane has stated that "Life Is a Highway" was originally conceived in the 1980s as "Love is a Highway" while he was still a member of Red Rider, but was shelved at that time because he felt the unfinished song was unusable. Following a trip with his family to Eastern Africa with the World Vision famine relief organization, Cochrane revisited the song on the advice of his friend John Webster, an instrumentalist on the Mad Mad World album. In a 2017 interview with The Canadian Press to mark the song's 25th anniversary, Cochrane said Webster encouraged him to revisit the demo recording, which at that point only had mumbled vocals and improvised lyrics, but not the song's well-known chorus. "(The song) became a pep talk to myself... saying you can't really control all of this stuff, you just do the best you can," he says. Cochrane says he was trying to make sense of the poverty he witnessed on his trip, which he found "shocking and traumatic".

Eventually, the original demo version was released on the 25th-anniversary reissue of Mad Mad World under the original title "Love is a Highway". He later said the uptempo spirit of the song came from looking for something positive to "hang the experience on." Most of the vocals on the track were recorded in Cochrane's small home studio. The song was Cochrane's only top-40 hit in the United States, reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100. In Canada, the song stayed at number one for two weeks, and three other singles from the album charted within the top 10; "No Regrets" peaked at number three, "Sinking Like a Sunset" reached number two, and "Washed Away" climbed to number seven. In Australia and New Zealand, the single peaked at number two in both countries. Elsewhere, it became a top-40 hit in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden.

Music video
The video for "Life Is a Highway" was directed by David Storey and produced by Albert Botha, who went on to be the line producer on two films for Saturday Night Live: Superstar starring Molly Shannon and The Ladies Man starring Tim Meadows. The video was shot in Alberta's Badlands, near the town of Drumheller. Many of the shots are in familiar locations along the Dinosaur Trail, including Cochrane playing guitar amid the Hoodoos and the couple, Kait Shane and Brennan Elliott, running around the car while it rides the Bleriot Ferry across the Red Deer River. It also features an older man (gas station attendant), a couple (tall man, short wife), two women (Jacqueline and Joyce Robbins) from an Anabaptist religious order (Alberta has a population of Hutterites), and two First Nations men, one wearing a baseball cap with the words "Oka Standoff" printed on it, referring to the Oka Crisis (a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec). The car featured in the music video is a 1965 Chevrolet Impala Super Sport.

Track listings
7-inch, cassette, and mini-CD single
 * 1) "Life Is a Highway" – 4:24
 * 2) "Emotional Truth" – 5:59

UK CD single
 * 1) "Life Is a Highway" – 4:24
 * 2) "Emotional Truth" – 5:59
 * 3) "Get Back Up" – 4:39

European maxi-CD single
 * 1) "Life Is a Highway" – 4:24
 * 2) "Emotional Truth" – 5:59
 * 3) "Lunatic Fringe" (live) – 5:00

Chris LeDoux version
In 1998, Chris LeDoux covered "Life Is a Highway" for his album One Road Man. Changes include the intro, timing of vocal entrances on the chorus, and location names between the first and second chorus. LeDoux's version was released as a single the following year and peaked at number 64 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart during the week of June 12, 1999, and remained at the spot for nine weeks.

Music video
The music video for the song, directed by Michael Salomon, takes place on multiple roads and highways as well as a blue and red static themed room. When on roads and highways, there is a chance for LeDoux to appear on a television that is sitting on a sidewalk or grass, however, while the background behind LeDoux (that appears on the TV) is the same background as everything behind the TV itself, LeDoux does not appear to be standing behind the TV. In most locations, LeDoux is walking down a road as at the start of the music video. The video ends with LeDoux singing the chorus while appearing on a flap-down TV inside of someone's car, then transitioning to LeDoux being once again in the static room and then walking out of it. After LeDoux leaves the room, the screen slowly fades to black and the video ends.

Rascal Flatts version
In 2005, American country band Rascal Flatts recorded a cover of the song for the Pixar animated film Cars, which was released on June 9, 2006. The song sold a large quantity of digital downloads, leading to a number seven peak on the Billboard Hot 100 (one position lower than Cochrane's original version). In addition, the cover was placed as a bonus track on later versions of the album Me and My Gang, and also was included on Greatest Hits Volume 1 (2008) and Twenty Years of Rascal Flatts: The Greatest Hits (2020). This version also won the "Favorite Song from a Movie" award at the 33rd People's Choice Awards.

The instrumental of the Rascal Flatts' cover version was prominently featured in the Top Gear: US Special, which aired February 11, 2007. The song is included on the soundtrack for Lego Rock Band. It topped the two million mark in paid downloads as of the chart dated March 28, 2009. As of March 2013, the song has sold over three million copies in the US. On July 14, 2015, Scott Walker, Republican Governor of Wisconsin, launched his presidential campaign as Republican Party nominee in Waukesha, Wisconsin using the song. On December 8, 2020, Harmonix announced that the cover would be featured on the video game, FUSER, as a DLC on December 10, 2020. The song is also featured in video games such as Cars: Mater-National and Rocket League.

Music video
The music video portrays the three band members pulling into a drive-in theater driving three vintage vehicles. The cars allude to three characters from Cars: Lightning McQueen, Doc Hudson and Mater. As the projector rolls, scenes from the film are shown as the band plays through the number. It was directed by Shaun Silva.

Charts
The Rascal Flatts version subsequently became a hit on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, where it peaked at number seven. Even though it was not officially released to country radio, many country stations played the song as an album cut, overlapping with their then-current country single "My Wish". The unsolicited country airplay brought "Life Is a Highway" to number 18 on the US Hot Country Songs chart. The song has sold 3.4 million copies in the US as of June 2016.

title: Life Is a Highway


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Robert D. Walter

Robert D. Walter (born 1944) is an American businessman best known for his role in the creation of Cardinal Health.

Early life
Walter graduated from St. Charles Preparatory School in Columbus, Ohio, and received a B.A. degree from Ohio University in 1967. Walter later attended Harvard Business School, where he received an MBA.

Career
In 1971, he founded Cardinal Foods after purchasing a small Ohio food wholesaler. In 1979, the company acquired Bailey Drug Company and began wholesaling drugs. In subsequent years, the company experienced extraordinary growth, "one of a handful of large U.S. companies that had achieved earnings-per-share growth in excess of 20 percent for 15 years straight." Cardinal Health is now a Fortune 100 company and one of the largest distributors of pharmaceuticals, health & beauty products, and hospital supplies in the United States. In 2007, he was #14 on Fortune magazine's list of the 25 top-paid male executives, with total compensation of $42.7 million the previous year. He retired from Cardinal Health at the end of the 2008 fiscal year.

In 2016, after serving on the board since 2006, he was named non-executive chairman of Louisville based Yum! Brands, the parent company of KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell. Walter previously served as a director of American Express, Nordstrom, CBS, Viacom and Westinghouse.

Personal life
He is married to Margaret "Peggy" Walter, who also attended Ohio University. The Walters have given support to the Ohio University community including Margaret Walter Hall, and to the Columbus Museum of Art, where they donated $10,000,000, the largest gift in the Museum’s history, in 2015. Walter resides in Dublin, Ohio; Boca Raton, Florida; and Park City, Utah.

title: Robert D. Walter


text:
Edwin Blashfield

Edwin Howland Blashfield (December 5, 1848 – October 12, 1936) was an American painter and muralist, most known for painting the murals on the dome of the Library of Congress Main Reading Room in Washington, DC.

Biography
Blashfield was born in Brooklyn in 1848 to William H. Blashfield and Eliza Dodd.

He studied painting at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts after initial coursework in engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He moved to Europe in 1867 to study with Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat in Paris and remained abroad until 1881, traveling, painting, and exhibiting his work in salon shows. His academic background in painting and extensive travels in Italy to study fresco painting melded in work marked by delicacy and beauty of coloring. Following his early success as a genre painter, Blashfield became a widely admired muralist whose work ornamented the dome of the Manufacturers' and Liberal Arts building at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, in Chicago, several state capitols, and the central dome of the Library of Congress.

He was a member of numerous arts organizations, including the National Academy of Design, the National Society of Mural Painters in which he served as President from 1909 to 1914. American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the National Institute of Arts and Letters. Blashfield served from 1920 to 1926 as President of the National Academy of Design. Among his many honors, Blashfield was awarded a Gold Medal by the National Academy of Design in 1934, an honorary membership in the American Institute of Architects, and an honorary doctorate of fine arts by New York University in 1926. He served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1912 to 1916. His circle of friends included sculptor Daniel Chester French, painters John Singer Sargent and Maxfield Parrish, and architect Cass Gilbert. His style was influenced by Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Jean-Paul Laurens, and Paul Baudry. He married Evangeline Wilbour in 1881 and together they wrote Italian Cities (1900) and translated Vasari's Lives of the Painters (4 vols., 1897). Wilbour died in 1918 and Blashfield married Grace Hall in 1928. He became president of the Society of Mural Painters, and of the Society of American Artists. Blashfield died in 1936 at his summer home on Cape Cod and is interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City.

Selected commissions

 * in Atlanta, Georgia
 * a mural of the Good Shepherd St. Luke's Episcopal Church
 * in Chicago
 * a dome in the manufacturer's building at the 1893 World Columbian Exposition
 * the Elks National Veterans Memorial
 * in Washington D.C.
 * the dome of the Main Reading Room of the Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress
 * the mosaic of Saint Matthew in St. Matthew's Cathedral
 * the Iowa State Capitol at Des Moines, Iowa
 * the Howard M. Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse in Cleveland, Ohio
 * the Minnesota State Capitol at St. Paul, Minnesota
 * the Governor's office in Pierre, South Dakota
 * the Wisconsin State Capitol at Madison, Wisconsin
 * the Clarence M. Mitchell Jr. Courthouse in Baltimore
 * the Mahoning County Court House, Youngstown, Ohio
 * the Detroit Public Library
 * in New York City
 * Appellate courthouse
 * the grand ballroom of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
 * the Lawyers' Club
 * the Great Hall of City College of New York, "The Graduate" mural,
 * the residences of WK Vanderbilt and Collis P. Huntington
 * the National Academy of Design, "Saint Michael".
 * in Philadelphia
 * the residence of George W. Drexel (son of Anthony J. Drexel)
 * the chancel dome of the Cathedral Church of the Savior
 * the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Many paintings by the artist are present, including "North Wall Alma Mater", "South Wall Right Panel Humanity", "North Wall Left Panel Angels in Trees", et al., all painted 1923-1930.
 * in Mercersburg Academy, Pennsylvania

title: Edwin Blashfield


text:
Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association

The Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association (EIWA) is an NCAA Division I collegiate wrestling conference. It held its first championship tournament in 1905, making it the oldest wrestling conference in the NCAA. The EIWA's charter members were Columbia, Penn, Princeton, and Yale. Thirty-two different schools have been members of the EIWA during its history, all schools from the Eastern United States. Its current members are schools in the Northeast whose main conferences do not sponsor wrestling, including the Patriot League, America East Conference, Northeast Conference, and Coastal Athletic Association. Franklin & Marshall College is the only Division III school that competes in Division I wrestling.

Current members
The EIWA currently has 11 members:

 * American University
 * United States Military Academy (Army)
 * Binghamton University
 * Bucknell University
 * Drexel University
 * Franklin and Marshall College
 * Hofstra University
 * Lehigh University
 * Long Island University
 * United States Naval Academy (Navy)
 * Sacred Heart University

Recent success and developments
At the 2011 NCAA Wrestling Championship, three EIWA teams placed in the top 10: Cornell placed 2nd, American University placed 5th, and Lehigh University placed 8th. In 2012, Cornell finished 4th and Lehigh 8th; Cornell was also 5th in 2013 and 7th in 2014.

In the same period, the EIWA had forty-four All-Americans; also, Kyle Dake of Cornell was awarded the Dan Hodge Trophy as national wrestler of the year and was named most outstanding wrestler of the NCAA tournament after becoming the first NCAA wrestler ever to win four national championships in four different weight classes in consecutive years.

In 2013, the EIWA absorbed Boston University, Hofstra, Drexel, and Binghamton after the Colonial Athletic Association ceased sponsorship of wrestling, making an 18-team conference for the 2013–14 season. The EIWA was reduced to 16 in 2014-15 with the departure of Rutgers to the Big Ten Conference and discontinuation of the BU program.

The most recent change in the EIWA membership was announced in April 2019. Long Island University announced that the wrestling team that had represented its Post campus in Division II would join the EIWA once the merger of the athletic programs of its Brooklyn and Post campuses took effect in July 2019. The renamed LIU Sharks joined NEC rival Sacred Heart, bringing the conference to seventeen members.

For the 2020–21 season, the EIWA had ten schools competing, as the six Ivy League schools and the Centennial Conference (which includes Franklin & Marshall) did not hold winter sports due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On December 19, 2023, the six Ivy League members announced that they were leaving the EIWA to compete exclusively under the Ivy League banner starting in the 2024–25 season.

Former EIWA schools

 * Pennsylvania State University moved to the Eastern Wrestling League then to the Big Ten Conference
 * Temple University*
 * Syracuse University*
 * Yale University*
 * University of Pittsburgh moved to the Eastern Wrestling League and later the Atlantic Coast Conference
 * College of William & Mary*
 * Dartmouth College*
 * Wilkes University moved to Division III
 * United States Coast Guard Academy moved to Division III
 * University of Virginia moved to the ACC
 * United States Merchant Marine Academy moved to Division III
 * East Stroudsburg University moved to Division II
 * Boston University*
 * Rutgers University–New Brunswick moved to the Big Ten Conference
 * Brown University†
 * Columbia University†
 * Cornell University†
 * Harvard University†
 * University of Pennsylvania (Penn)†
 * Princeton University†

*School dropped the program † Moved program to the Ivy League

League champions
* Tie for team title


text:
Dunya Maumoon

Dunya Maumoon (born 20 March 1970) is a former Minister of Foreign Affairs (2013–2016) of the Government of Maldives.

Personal life
Dunya Maumoon was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Maldives from 2013- 2016. She is the eldest daughter of former president of Maldives Maumoon Abdul Gayoom and the sister to Ahmed Faris Maumoon

Minister for Foreign Affairs (Nov 2013 – July 2016)
Maumoon served as the Foreign Minister of the Maldives from November 2013 until July 2016. Maumoon was the first female Foreign Minister of the Maldives.

Maumoon played a key role in establishing and re‐energising close ties with traditional friends such as India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.

Maumoon provided leadership for the Maldivians in its second term serving on the UN's Human Rights Council.

Deputy Minister and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
After her tenure with the UNFPA, in January 2007, Maumoon took up the position of Deputy Minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Maumoon was appointed Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, by President Dr. Mohamed Waheed Hassan, in February 2012.

Political career
From 2009 to 2012, Maumoon was involved in both DRP and later in the Progressive Party of Maldives (PPM) as Council Member and had a role in the Women's Movements.

United Nations involvement
Maumoon began her professional career at the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in the Maldives in 1998.

Education
She obtained a B.A.(Honors) degree in Social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge in England in 1992. She went on to complete a MPhil Degree at the London School of Economic & Political Science (LSE) in 1996, where the focus of her research was “Gender Activism & the Islamic Revival”.

title: Dunya Maumoon


text:
Braj Kumar Nehru

Braj Kumar Nehru MBE, ICS (4 September 1909 – 31 October 2001) was an Indian diplomat and Ambassador of India to the United States (1961–1968).

He was the son of Brijlal Nehru and Rameshwari Nehru and first cousin once removed of India's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru.

Personal life
Braj Kumar Nehru was born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India and was son of Brijlal Nehru and Rameshwari Nehru. He was educated at the Allahabad University (India), the London School of Economics and at Oxford University. He was awarded the Doctor of Literature degree by the University of Punjab, for his distinguished services in various fields. His grandfather, Pandit Nandlal Nehru, was the elder brother of Pandit Motilal Nehru. He was the cousin to the erstwhile Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi (née Nehru). In 1935, Nehru married Magdolna Friedman (5 December 1908, Budapest, Austria-Hungary - 25 April 2017, Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, India), a fellow student in the UK who was of a Hungarian Jewish background. The ill-treatment of the Jewish community in Europe prompted her father to change her name to Magdolna Forbath. Her nickname was Fori. After marriage, she changed her name to Shobha Nehru.

National

He joined the Indian Civil Service in 1934 and rose to be governor of seven different states of India. From 1934 to 1937 he held various government positions in the province of Punjab. Nehru became the secretary of economic affairs in 1957. He was appointed Commissioner General for Economic Affairs (external financial relations) of India in 1958. He was Governor of Jammu and Kashmir (1981–84), Assam (1968–73), Gujarat (1984–86), Nagaland (1968–73), Meghalaya (1970–73), Manipur (1972–73) and Tripura (1972–73). He was transferred overnight as the Governor of Jammu & Kashmir to Gujarat after he refused to help Indira Gandhi in destabilising the Farooq Abdullah government.

International
Nehru worked as executive director in the World Bank (1949) and was Economic Minister at the Indian Embassy in Washington (1954). He helped to create the Aid India Club in 1958, which was a consortium of donor nations that committed to donate $2 million for the development of India. He also served as a diplomat, as ambassador to several countries and was offered the post of secretary-general of the United Nations in 1951, but declined. Nehru was also the Indian High Commissioner in London from 1973 to 1977. Braj was chairman of the United Nations Investment committee for 14 years. He represented India in the 'Sterlings balances' negotiations with Britain at the post-Second World War reparations conference.

Writer
Nehru wrote an autobiography titled Nice Guys Finish Second. Mr. Ramesh Kumar Saxena, who worked for him for 35 years, helped writing his biography.

Awards
He was appointed an MBE in the 1945 New Year Honours. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1999.

The speech "Civil Service in Transition" delivered at the India International Center in New Delhi on 15 October 1999 describes the need and the role played by a strong civil service. It also details the causes for the prevalent corruption in India's political system and civil services.

Death
Nehru died in Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, India on 31 October 2001 at the age of 92. His body was cremated in Delhi & the memorial service was held amongst the chanting of mantras from the holy scriptures.

title: Braj Kumar Nehru


text:
Queen's Park station (Toronto)

Queen's Park is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station, which opened in 1963, is located under University Avenue at College Street.

The station is wheelchair-accessible and has had underground connections to adjoining buildings since 2002. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

Entrances
The mezzanine level of the station is located under the intersection of College Street and University Avenue/Queens Park and entrances are located at all four corners.
 * Northwest entrance: The only uncovered stairwell entrance is located beside the Leslie L. Dan Pharmacy Building at the southeast corner of the University of Toronto lands.
 * Northeast entrance: This is where the elevator between ground level and the ticketing mezzanine is situated. A different elevator provides further access to the train platform. There is a tunnel here connecting to the Ontario Government Buildings and other important destinations include the Ontario Legislative Building and Women's College Hospital.
 * Southwest entrance: Twin escalators provide a direct connection to the Intact Centre, with Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital and the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute being on the west side of University Avenue to the south.
 * Southeast entrance: Beside this entrance is the MaRS Discovery District, where a connecting tunnel is to be constructed, and a short distance to the south are Toronto General Hospital and the Hospital for Sick Children.

Architecture and art
The station is in a bored tunnel, and it is one of only two stations in the system to have a tubular shape, the other being the next station south at St. Patrick. North of the station, the tunnel curves east around the Ontario Legislative Building, then comes back to its original alignment centred under the road just before Museum Station

A ceramic tile mural, a gift from the Government of Portugal, is located within the fare-paid area of the mezzanine. The mural features subject matter inspired by Portuguese exploration of the New World. It was designed by Ana Vilela, manufactured by Viúva Lamego in Lisbon and installed here in 2003.

Surface connections
A transfer is required to connect between the subway system and these surface routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

title: Queen's Park station (Toronto)


text: Category:Cities and towns in Maharashtra


text: Category:Historians by field of study

title: Category:Historians by field of study


text:
St. Patrick station

St. Patrick is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located under University Avenue at Dundas Street West. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

The station, which opened in 1963, is named for the nearby St. Patrick's Church. It is one of only two stations in the system to have a tubular shape created by the tunnel boring machine, the other such station being Queen's Park, the next station to the north.

The murder of Mariam Peters here in 1975 prompted the TTC to adopt system-wide safety measures such as the first police patrols on the subway and the installation of emergency telephones and alarms. One of the three cross passages was blocked off, as well as at Queen's Park station, to prevent it being used as a hiding spot for criminals.

Nearby landmarks
The Canadian Airman's Memorial was erected in the median of University Avenue above the station in 1984. Nearby landmarks include St. Patrick's Church, The Michener Institute, the Royal Canadian Military Institute, the Consulate General of the United States, the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Textile Museum of Canada, the Ontario College of Art and Design, and the Hospital for Sick Children. It is also within a very short walking distance, west along Dundas Street, to the original Chinatown.

Surface connections
A transfer is required to connect between the subway system and these surface routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

Station improvements
St. Patrick Station was listed on the Toronto Community Foundation's list of stations which they expressed interest in donating funds for platform level appearance improvements. The organization successfully raised funds and designed the renovations of Museum station.

As part of its Easier Access Program, the TTC added two new elevators, one from a new street level entrance to the concourse level, and a second from the concourse to the platform level. Construction started in late 2017 and renovations were fully completed by December 4, 2018. A ceremony was held on March 5, 2019, to officially celebrate St. Patrick as the 45th accessible TTC subway station.

Station enhancements also included the artwork titled Many Little Plans by artist Barbara Todd. The artwork consists of over 400 ceramic tiles and is installed in alcoves at the platform level.

title: St. Patrick station


text:
Category:Cities and towns in Kerala

Cities and towns in Kerala, India.

See also Category:Villages in Kerala .

title: Category:Cities and towns in Kerala


text:
Warburg Pincus

Warburg Pincus LLC is a global private equity firm, headquartered in New York City, with offices in the United States, Europe, Brazil, China, Southeast Asia and India. Warburg has been a private equity investor since 1966. As of October 2023 the firm had over $82 billion in assets under management and invests in a range of sectors including retail, industrial manufacturing, energy, financial services, health care, technology, media, and real estate. Warburg Pincus is a growth investor. Warburg Pincus has raised 21 private equity funds which have invested over $100 billion in over 1,000 companies in 40 countries.

In June 2024, Warburg Pincus was ranked ninth in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking of the largest private equity firms in the world.

Founding and early history
In 1939, Eric Warburg of the Warburg banking family founded a company under the name E.M. Warburg & Co. Its first address was 52 William Street, New York, the Kuhn Loeb building. Throughout the early post-war period, the firm was a small office of 20 employees. In 1966, E.M. Warburg merged with Lionel I. Pincus & Co, forming a new company that eventually became known as E.M. Warburg, Pincus & Co. In 1965, when Eric Warburg retired to Germany, control was handed to Lionel Pincus, a partner in the Ladenburg Thalmann investment bank, and the working language of the office switched from German to English.

In 1967, John Vogelstein, a former partner at Lazard Freres, joined Pincus to build the firm. Together they developed a strategy of investing in diversified companies of various sizes rather than focusing on start-ups. Pincus was the founder and chairman while Vogelstein was vice chairman and then president. Pincus and Vogelstein ran the company until 2002, when they stepped down and appointed Charles Kaye and Joseph P. Landy as co-presidents. Pincus died in 2009.

Warburg Pincus began investing in Europe in 1983 and opened its first office in Asia in 1994. It has invested more than $5 billion in Europe; more than $3 billion in India and more than $3.3 billion in China. The firm is headquartered in New York and has offices in Beijing, Berlin, Hong Kong, Houston, London, Mumbai, San Francisco, São Paulo, Shanghai and Singapore, with administrative offices in Amsterdam, Luxembourg and Mauritius.

The firm is structured as a global partnership led by CEO, Charles Kaye, and President, Timothy Geithner.

Initial public offerings
More than 140 Warburg Pincus companies have listed on exchanges, raising approximately $30 billion in public markets. In each of these IPOs, the firm was the principal financial investor in the portfolio company. The companies have listed on 13 exchanges, including at least 30 IPOs outside the U.S. In August 2010, a six-year partnership between management and Warburg Pincus led to MEG Energy's successful IPO.

Funds
Warburg Pincus has a history of venture capital investing. The firm is a founding member of the venture capital associations in the U.S. and China, and offers a global entrepreneur in residence program to help start up new businesses.

In October 2014, Reuters reported that Warburg Pincus had raised $4 billion for its first energy-focused private equity fund. In late 2018, Warburg Pincus closed its Warburg Pincus Global Growth, L.P. fund at $14.8 billion, and in June 2019, closed its Warburg Pincus China-Southeast Asia II, L.P. fund at $4.25 billion.

In April 2023, Warburg Pincus and ArchiMed agreed to sell the France-headquartered business Polyplus to life science group Sartorius for approximately €2.4 billion.

Fight over the Warburg name
During the post-war period, Eric Warburg vied with his cousin Siegmund Warburg, founder of S.G. Warburg, over the use of the Warburg name in New York. Siegmund wished to expand the S.G. Warburg franchise into New York but was blocked by the existence of E.M. Warburg & Co. Following the effective sale of the business to Pincus, Siegmund Warburg accused Eric of prostituting the Warburg name. "Complicating matters was that Siegmund thought Pincus the wrong kind of Jew—of Eastern European ancestry, with a garment-district background. Professionally, he thought Pincus well below haute banque stature in the venture capital world."

In January 1970, Siegmund finally got the name changed to E.M. Warburg, Pincus & Company to differentiate it from S.G. Warburg & Company. "In the end, however, Lionel Pincus had the last laugh on Siegmund. He expanded Eric's tiny firm into a giant, thriving business, with three and a half billion dollars of venture capital partnerships."

In 1999, they attempted to purchase English Premier League association football club Everton.

Acquisition, partnership and merger
Warburg Pincus invested in the information and communication technology sectors, including investments in Avaya, Bharti Tele-Ventures, Harbour Networks, NeuStar, PayScale, and Telcordia.

Warburg Pincus has invested in companies such as CityMD, The Summit Medical Group, Harbin Pharmaceutical, Venari Resources, NIO, ZTO Express in China and South East Asia, Bharti Telecommunications, Apollo Tyres Ltd, Ecom Express, SBI General Insurance in India, AmRest in Poland and Nuance Communications in the U.S. In 2019, the firm acquired a majority stake in healthcare tech company WebPT from Battery Ventures.

In May 2024, Warburg Pincus acquired Shriram Housing Finance at Rs 4,630 crore.

title: Warburg Pincus


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Flowboard

A flowboard is a variation on a skateboard, combining aspects of surfing, skating and snowboarding. There are three sizes made by the brand Flowboards: 32", for tricks and smaller riders; 36", the standard size; and 42", the large downhill bomber.

Concept
The flowboard was created by Pieter Schouten and Mike Simonian, two design students attending the Art Center College of Design in Vevey, Switzerland. In 1993, they had the idea to develop a board that would perform like a snowboard, but on asphalt. They found that on a skateboard, a rider could only lean over a few degrees and then the bushings would give resistance in a turn. The two inventors sought a solution that would give a rider the ability to execute more extreme angles while carving without resistance, offering fluid transitions edge to edge. In 1994, Simonian asked Schouten to spend time developing their ideas in Simonian's native California.

Schouten came up with a concept for a two-wheeled board with two curved axles with one wheel on each and springs on either side. The theory was that wheels would slide along the arced axles as the board leaned to carve. These "arced axles" became one of the key elements of the new board design. To allow the board to turn, the two men found that by mounting the axles at opposing angles, the wheels would go in a straight line when they were at the top of the arc and that when the wheels slid to either end of the arc they would have a curved relationship that would result in a turn. The "angled axles" would be the second key element of the new board design. The first prototype was produced in Simonian's parents' garage on El Arco Drive in Whittier, California. This location became the namesake of the "El Arco Axles".

Company
Numerous potential investors were approached including Powell Skateboards, Morey Boogie Board, pro-skater Rodney Mullen, Nike, Rollerblade and Mattel, but nothing developed from the discussions. In 1999, the two inventors formed Flowlab LLC alongside entrepreneur Phil Wessells. By the year 2000, the very first Flowboards were being shipped.

In 2003, Michael Kern (CEO of Sport Technology Inc.), then the company's largest distributor, purchased the company and a new headquarters in Long Beach, California was established. In 2005, Flowlab signed an exclusive distribution agreement with the skate wheel manufacturer Kryptonics to further expand its presence in general sporting goods channels.

In 2007, Michael Kern took his Company Public with FBC Holding Co.. A division of Capital One Inc., and was shut down unlawfully and has been seeking action against FBC Holding Inc. and Capital One Inc. to the current date.

Handling
The flowboard's design enables a 45 degree turning ability rather than the standard 25 degrees on a skateboard while still remaining stable.

A flowboard tends to put pressure on just 2 wheels of the board, rather than 4. This more focused weight distribution requires slightly more effort into keeping the board moving. For this reason, it is often ideal to ride it on downhill slopes. Spacers can also be installed to reduce bearing compression caused by the trucks' arched structure and improve mobility.

title: Flowboard


text:
Category:Cities and towns in Himachal Pradesh

Towns and Cities of Himachal-Pradesh, India


text:
Rameshwari Nehru

Rameshwari Nehru (née Rameshwari Raina; 10 December 1886 – 8 November 1966) was a social worker of India. She worked for the upliftment of the poorer classes and of women. In 1902, she married Brijlal Nehru, a nephew of Motilal Nehru and cousin of the first prime minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru. Her son Braj Kumar Nehru was an Indian civil servant who served as governor of several states.

She edited Stri Darpan, a Hindi monthly for women, from 1909 to 1924. She was one of the founders of All India Women's Conference (AIWC) and was elected its president in 1942. She led delegations to the World Women's Congress in Copenhagen and the first Afro-Asian Women's Conference in Cairo (1961).

Nehru was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India for her social work, in 1955, and won the Lenin Peace Prize in 1961.

She was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution. As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.

title: Rameshwari Nehru


text: Category:Cities and towns in Gujarat

title: Category:Cities and towns in Gujarat


text:
Talk:Rocketship X-M

References to use

 * Please add to the list references that can be used for the film article.

Corrections and Trivia

 * 1) I think the plot description is wrong: they crash, but DO transmit a warning back to Earth.
 * 2) The DVD features 1970s restoration by film enthusiast Wade Williams, which involved replacing some of the original FX shots and reshooting exterior long shots with spacesuited stand-ins. As I understand it the reshoots were shot in color and transferred to black and white just so the grain would match the original footage. Lee M 01:40, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Isn't A Trip to the Moon (French: Le Voyage dans la lune) by Georges Méliès the screens first science fiction film? It say so in the Wikipedia page, but also the page of Rocketship X-M, 1950.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.93.193.31 (talk) 17:53, 19 May 2010 (UTC)

Separate the plot from the review
Comments about hitting the eye of a mosquito and Newtonian Law should probably be reserved for the Notes section after the Plot section. If the editor didn't like the movie, it shouldn't pepper his/her recounting of the plot.

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 138.162.5.10 (talk • contribs) 13:43, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree. In this instance, I'd particularly like to see a source cited for the probability on "hitting the left eye of a mosquito at a range of several miles." Editorializing is inappropriate content for an encyclopedic tone. Too often there's a tendency for wikipedia contributors to write reviews (rather than encyclopedia articles) when it comes to movies, novels, music, etc. Remember: you're not here to express your opinion or make witty comments about plot holes -- do that on your 'blog. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. 66.17.118.195 16:12, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Genuine vs Pride
Re: The MST3K episode. The owner of this film says that this film is a genuine classic and should never be allowed to be lampooned. I say the 1966 Batman movie (yes, the one based on the TV show with Adam West and Burt Ward) is even more of a classic -- yet it showed up on a episode of "Svengoolie". You may draw your own conclusions.

XM: Moon or Mars?
According to an article in the first issue of Cinemagic Magazine, XM originally stood for “Expedition Moon”, but because of the film “Destination Moon”, it was decided to change locations, so XM could stand now for “Expedition Mars”. - R.G. (talk) 22:29, 20 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Whatever Cinemagic may have said, it remains that in the story their planned destination is the Moon (which is stated explicitly), and they only inadvertently end up on Mars. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.102.146.203 (talk) 01:16, 5 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rocketship X-M


text:
User talk:Scottbell

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!. -- John Fader 01:40, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Mallorca/Majorca
I'm a little bewildered by your consistently turning the more modern spelling "Mallorca" everywhere into the more archaic "Majorca". I suppose it's not that big a deal, but is this part of some larger project? -- Jmabel | Talk 17:39, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's not part of a larger project, I just decided to fix the "double redirect" for one word. AFAIK the correct English spelling is Majorca and not Mallorca. Scott Bell 23:45, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:56, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Scottbell


text: User talk:12.217.77.39

title: User talk:12.217.77.39


text:
Osgoode station

Osgoode is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station, which opened in 1963, is located under University Avenue where it is crossed by Queen Street West and is named for the nearby Osgoode Hall, which honours William Osgoode, the first chief justice of Upper Canada. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

History and construction
The station has an island platform and was constructed using the cut-and-cover method. There is a pocket track at the south end of the station which allows a southbound train to change direction.

When Osgoode was built, some utility lines were relocated away from the station to allow for a future "Lower Osgoode" station on the projected but never-built Queen Street subway, but unlike at Lower Queen, no actual construction took place. When it opened, Osgoode, like St. Andrew station, boasted Vitrolite tiles on its walls. Cracks resulting from the high water table at the station forced the TTC to cover over most of these tiles in the 1970s with vertical slats along the outer walls on the far side of the tracks and ceramic tiles on structural elements on the platform itself. In 2016, the slats on the outer walls were replaced by off-white panels, evoking the original design.

Entrances to the station were all built as open stairways from the sidewalk, with the panel above the lintel emblazoned with the scales of justice, which referenced the Superior Court of Justice at Osgoode Hall. Subsequent refurbishment resulted in a generic TTC style replacing the unique symbolism. In 2006, a new entrance, with elevator access to the concourse level, was integrated into the construction of the Four Seasons Centre, at the southeast corner of Queen and University. Along with an elevator to the platform level within the fare paid area, this made the station fully accessible as of 2007. Plans from 2008 call for Diamond and Schmitt Architects, who were responsible for the opera house, to design complementary covered entrances at the other three corners of the intersection.

Future
Metrolinx plans to construct the Ontario Line, a rapid transit line connecting the south loop of Line 1 Yonge–University to the east wing of Line 2 Bloor–Danforth and north to Science Centre station, where the line will interchange with Line 5 Eglinton. The preferred route of the line is from Science Centre to Exhibition. Osgoode station is a planned station on this new line. The Ontario Line would be drilled out of rock at a lower level.

Nearby landmarks
Nearby landmarks include the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts, Toronto City Hall, Nathan Phillips Square, Osgoode Hall, the South African War Memorial, 299 Queen Street West, the Canada Life Building and the United States Consulate.

Surface connections
A transfer is required to connect between the subway system and these surface routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

title: Osgoode station


text:
Blass

Blass is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Andreas Blass, American mathematician
 * Bill Blass (1922–2002), American fashion designer
 * Dave Blass, American production designer
 * Friedrich Blass (1843–1907), German classical scholar
 * Moses Blass (born 1937), Brazilian Olympic basketball medallist
 * Simcha Blass, (1897–1982), Israeli water engineer, inventor of drip irrigation systems
 * Steve Blass, baseball player and announcer
 * Tatiana Blass (born 1979), Brazilian artist
 * Valentin Blass, (born 1995) German basketball player
 * Valérie Blass (born 1967), Canadian artist
 * William Joel Blass, Mississippi attorney, educator, and politician
 * Wolf Blass, East German-born Australian winemaker

title: Blass


text: Category:Molecular electronics

title: Category:Molecular electronics


text:
Brian Souter

Sir Brian Souter (born 5 May 1954) is a Scottish businessman. With his sister, Dame Ann Gloag, he founded the Stagecoach Group of bus and rail operators. He also founded the bus and coach operator Megabus, the train operating company South West Trains, his investments company Souter Holdings Ltd, and the Souter Charitable Trust.

Souter has been politically active in Scotland, and supported the Scottish National Party (SNP) financially. In 2000, when the Scottish Executive proposed to repeal Section 2A of the Local Government Act, which prevented local authorities from "promoting homosexuality", Souter started the Keep the Clause campaign to oppose their plans, spending £1 million of his own money to organise a private referendum across Scotland. This campaign and other controversial statements have led opponents to accuse him of homophobia.

In 2011, he was knighted for services to transport and the voluntary sector. The honour was criticised by Scottish Labour Party politicians and by gay rights campaigners.

In October 2019, Souter announced the donation of 28% of the total shares in Souter Investments to charitable causes, with an estimated value of £109 million. This was described in The Scotsman as "what could be the largest charitable donation by a Scot since ... Andrew Carnegie". This came after Souter's charitable trust had already spent over £98 million supporting "13,000 worthwhile causes" over 13 years.

According to the Sunday Times Rich List in 2020, Souter and his sister Ann Gloag are worth £730 million, a decrease of £145 million from the previous year.

Childhood and education
Souter was born in the Scottish city of Perth. His father was a bus driver and as a child Brian often travelled on bus routes with his father. At school he developed an interest in economics and accounts, about which he later said, "Changing my timetable from maths to include economics and accounts was one of the best things I've ever done."

On leaving school, he studied at the Dundee Institute of Technology (which became Abertay University in 1994) to become a commerce teacher. On completion he studied at Strathclyde University in Glasgow, where he graduated with a CA Diploma in Accountancy and Economics. Following his graduation, Souter became a Chartered Accountant at Arthur Andersen & Co.

Stagecoach

Using his father's redundancy money, with his sister Ann Gloag and his brother-in-law Robin Gloag he established the Stagecoach Group in 1980, running buses from Dundee to London. Following the deregulation of bus services in Great Britain, expansion continued, and in the late 1980s Stagecoach acquired National Bus Company subsidiaries in Cumberland and Hampshire, and the East Midlands, Ribble, Southdown and United Counties companies. Stagecoach also bought bus operations in Scotland, Newcastle and London, with Manchester being added a few years later. In 1993, Stagecoach was valued at £134 million and was floated on the London Stock Exchange to access capital for new opportunities for buses and trains overseas.

By the mid-1990s, Stagecoach developed its interests in Australia and New Zealand. The company further expanded with the purchase of Citybus, an operator of buses and ferries in Hong Kong, and Coach USA, the largest bus and coach operator in the US and Canada. Souter became Chief Executive, and later sold off much of Coach USA.

Stagecoach then bought a number of the new small bus companies and ran free or low-fare buses to put local rivals out of business. In Darlington, Stagecoach subsidiary Busways offered bounties to recruit drivers from the existing bus service and offered free buses to deter the rival preferred bidder from taking over that service. This practice was deemed as "predatory, deplorable and against the public interest" according to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission.

In 2009, Souter received a £1.6m bonus. Stating "it was felt that in the present economic climate it would not be right for any individual to pocket a bonus package of £1.6million", he donated £900,000 to his own charity, the Souter Charitable Trust, which assists humanitarian projects in the UK and overseas. Most of the remainder was given to the staff pension fund.

In August 2012, it was announced that Souter would become chairman of Stagecoach Group on 1 May 2013, finance director Martin Griffiths replacing Souter as CEO. It was announced in December 2019 that Souter would step down from his role as chairman at the end of the year, but remain on the board as a non-executive director.

Rail operations

Shortly after Souter floated Stagecoach on the London Stock Exchange, he turned his attention to British railways. Initial experiments consisted of a Scotland to London service branded Stagecoach Rail with carriages attached to the Caledonian Sleeper. During the privatisation of British Rail, Stagecoach bid successfully to operate the South West Trains franchise from 1996 followed by the Island Line Trains later the same year. Stagecoach successfully bid to retain both when retendered in 2001 and 2006, before they passed to South Western Railway in 2017.

In 1998, Stagecoach purchased a 49% shareholding in Virgin Rail Group that operated the CrossCountry and West Coast franchises. In 2007, Stagecoach commenced operating the East Midlands Trains franchise. From April 2015 until June 2018, Virgin Trains East Coast, in which Stagecoach held a 90% share, operated the InterCity East Coast franchise.

Megabus
In 2003, Souter added the bus and coach operator Megabus to the group. With its slogan "Low Cost Inter City Travel Serving Europe", it offered discounted travel across the UK and Europe. In 2012 it operated in 31 cities in the UK with a turnover in excess of £2 billion, with annual profits of over £250 million.

In April 2013 Souter announced a new Megabus overnight sleeper service from Scotland to London. The sleeper coaches cost £5 million to build, and have 53 leather seats which can be converted into 42 bunk beds. Passengers receive a onesie for sleeping in during the trip. This service ended in May 2017, due to it being consistently loss-making, and the coaches are now only used on daytime services.

Souter Investments
Souter has more than 200 private investments, which are managed by his company, Souter Investments. It makes investments across a broad range of asset classes, with a primary focus on private equity and a portfolio of more than 25 direct unquoted investments. The total portfolio, excluding Stagecoach, has increased in value by 9% per annum over 12 years.

Highland Global Transport

Souter and his sister Ann Gloag formed Highland Global Transport in 2012. It owns a portfolio of transport related investments valued at more than £600million including:
 * Stagecoach Group (26%)
 * Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri, a ferry operator on the Bosphoros and Sea of Marmara, Turkey (held by HGT shareholders direct)
 * PolskiBus, an intercity coach service operator in Poland, sold to Flixbus in December 2017
 * Alexander Dennis, a bus and coach manufacturer in UK, Asia and North America
 * Argent Energy, a biodiesel manufacturer
 * Sunseeker, a luxury motor yacht manufacturer
 * OnniBus (75%), an intercity coach operator in Finland purchased in May 2014, sold October 2018
 * SuperBus.com, an intercity coach operator in Baltic states

InMotion Group
Highland Global Transport has purchased and established a number of subsidiaries in New Zealand. In August 2015, these were brought together under the one umbrella as the InMotion Group with 340 buses and coaches and 17 ferries.

 * Mana Coach Services, an urban bus operator in Wellington
 * Howick & Eastern Buses, an urban bus operator in Auckland
 * Fullers Group (Fullers360), operator of commuter and tourist ferry services on Auckland Harbour and Hauraki Gulf
 * ManaBus, an inter-city coach operator
 * Naked Bus, an inter-city coach operator
 * Reesby Buses, 40 vehicle coach operator

ManaBus and Naked Bus ceased operation on 15 July 2018, with the bus fleets being sold to Ritchies Transport. Reesby Buses was also sold to Ritchies in February 2019. Mana Coach Services and Howick & Eastern Buses were sold to Transdev Australasia in October and November 2019 respectively. This leaves Fullers Group (Fullers360) as Souter's only subsidiary in New Zealand as of November 2019.

Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland
In April 2015, Souter was officially appointed vice president of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, alongside newly appointed president, Jim Pettigrew. Souter, who qualified as a Chartered Accountant in 1984, was the sole nominee for the vice-president role. In May 2017 the organisation appointed him as its president.

Section 28

In 2000, the Scottish Executive proposed the abolition of Section 28 laws, which forbade local authorities from "intentionally promoting homosexuality". Souter was a prominent leader of the Keep the Clause campaign, which sought to prevent its abolition. In Scotland, where Section 28 was known as clause 2A, Souter spent £1 million on the first privately funded postal referendum across Scotland to gauge public opinion. A spokesman for Souter stated "He is not in this for personal glory. He is fighting this battle because he is a father and committed Christian."

3,970,712 ballot papers were posted out and 31.8% valid votes were returned, a turnout rate lower than any Scottish national election. 86.8% were in favour of keeping Clause 28, 13.2% in favour of repeal.

Souter pointed out that the number of people who voted to keep the clause exceeded the number of votes cast for any single political party in Scotland at any election over the preceding ten years, although Scottish voters usually choose from four main parties, not two options. The campaign was ultimately unsuccessful.

Souter's campaign group approached the Electoral Reform Society to organise the ballot through its ballot services subsidiary. The society refused the request as it believed the poll "would not be a legitimate democratic exercise to ask people to give an opinion on the repeal of Section 28 without knowing the detail of what would replace it". Many groups hostile to Souter's stance had called for a public boycott of the poll, and accordingly claimed that as only a minority voted this was a defeat for Souter and his supporters. Mainstream politicians, including the Scottish National Party (which Souter has supported) largely ignored his poll and disputed whether the result was a true reflection of public opinion, with the Scottish Executive stating that the public had been fed a diet of "misinformation and lies" by Souter's campaign group. The Communities Minister, Wendy Alexander MSP, criticised the poll, stating "I think what is significant about today's ballot is that two out of three voters rejected, or binned or simply ignored this glorified opinion poll." Gay rights campaigner Peter Tatchell stated that "Brian Souter's support for Section 28 is the moral equivalent of the business-funded campaign to maintain racial segregation in the Deep South of the USA in the 1950s." Tatchell said that Souter's campaign was "hateful" and that it is clear that he was using his vast fortune to try to keep a cruel and "bigoted law" intact.

Donations to SNP and other political parties
Souter was a major financial supporter of the Scottish National Party (SNP). In March 2007, he donated £500,000, citing an imbalance of funding within Scottish politics. He stated that it was his intention to redress an imbalance in funding: "as long as I can remember, the case for the union has been hugely financed by cash from London, while the case for independence has lacked resources. I hope my donation will help redress this imbalance". Following the donation, SNP leader Alex Salmond was criticised for "pandering to homophobia" by accepting the donation. Salmond thanked Souter for his support, calling him "one of the outstanding entrepreneurs of his generation". One month later, in April 2007, the SNP's commitment (made at the party's 2006 conference) to re-regulate the bus network was dropped from the 2007 manifesto, although the SNP denied any direct link.

In February 2011 Souter again pledged financial support for the SNP, promising to match every pound they raised with a donation of up to £500,000. Announcing his support he said Salmond and the SNP deserved a second term in office. The SNP won a resounding victory in the election with Salmond being returned unopposed as First Minister.

The BBC reported in August 2014 that Souter had donated £1 million to the campaign for Scottish independence. Since Nicola Sturgeon became SNP leader in November 2014, Souter has made no further donation, but in December 2014 he gave £3,500 to the Lewes branch of the Liberal Democrats.

In 2023, Souter aided Humza Yousaf’s government to organise a dinner between government and businesses. Patrick Harvie, the Minister for Zero Carbon Buildings, Active Travel and Tenants’ Rights stated "what has to be really, really clear is that not just my party, but the Scottish Government, does not share the values of Brian Souter.".

Charitable work
In 1992 Souter and his wife set up the Souter Charitable Trust, which assists humanitarian projects in the UK and overseas, especially, but not exclusively, those with a Christian emphasis. Projects include the prevention of malaria and supplying daily meals to school children in Africa. The Trust has donated more than £98m to 13,000 worthwhile causes.

Groups funded annually by the trust include Tearfund, The Message Trust, Oasis Trust and Jam International.

In April 2019, Souter's company Stagecoach Southeast was announced as the sponsor of the annual Turner Prize for visual artists, but the sponsorship was ended a few days later by mutual agreement after public criticism of Souter's involvement in the sponsorship.

Honours and awards
In 1989 Souter received an award from the Scottish Business Achievement Award Trust.

In 1997 he was granted an honorary degree from Strathclyde University.

In 1998 he was awarded the Scottish Entrepreneur Award.

In 1999 he received his second honorary degree, from Abertay University.

In 2004 he was honoured with the Businessman of the Year award at the Insider Elite Awards.

In 2008 he was given a Special Recognition Award for services to the bus industry.

In June 2010 he was given a Special Career Service Award at the "Talent In Mobility" Awards, part of the European Mobility Exhibition held in Paris for the public transport industry.

In October 2010 he was awarded the Ernst & Young UK Master Entrepreneur of the Year.

In 2011 he was presented with an outstanding achievement award at the 2011 Perthshire Chamber of Commerce Business Star Awards.

On 18 April 2012 he was inducted into the British Travel and Hospitality Industry Hall of Fame, the first public transport entrepreneur to receive the honour.

Knighthood
Souter was knighted in the 2011 Birthday Honours for services to transport and the voluntary sector. This proved controversial, and was criticised by Scottish Labour MP Cathy Jamieson, who suggested a link between the knighthood and the large amounts of money he has donated to the Scottish National Party. In a public statement, Jamieson said: "The First Minister and his party must look seriously at the relationship they have developed with wealthy individuals handing them large sums of cash. The public will rightly be asking what's next on Mr Souter's shopping list?" Salmond denied any wrongdoing in the matter and referred himself for investigation after calls for a probe by Scottish MP Jim Sheridan. An independent report, conducted by Lord Fraser of Carmyllie, cleared Salmond of any wrongdoing, asserting that "There appears to me to have been no breach of the ministerial code by Alex Salmond as First Minister and he should be wholly exonerated of any breach."

Souter's knighthood was also criticised by gay rights campaigners, who felt that the honour was insulting to the gay community and was effectively rewarding homophobia, given Souter's past campaigning. A petition to have the knighthood withdrawn received 5000 signatures by July 2011.

Personal life
In 1998, Souter described English Northerners (who make up a considerable proportion of his customers) as "the beer-drinking, chip-eating, council house-dwelling, old Labour-voting masses."

Souter lives in Perth, Scotland with his wife and four children. He is a member of the Church of the Nazarene, and attends Trinity Church of the Nazarene in Perth.

title: Brian Souter


text: Category:Economy of Germany

title: Category:Economy of Germany


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kyle Korleski

Kyle Korleski
Vanity page. Evil Monkey → Talk 01:43, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete it, extremely. Vanity indeed.  —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 08:00, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, such stuff is not encyclopaedic. Xtra 08:18, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. utcursch 10:33, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete "He currently knows PHP and is sprucing up his skills in MySQL." Enough said. --LeeHunter 02:00, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
St. Andrew station

St. Andrew is a subway station on Line 1 Yonge–University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located under University Avenue where it is intersected by King Street West. The station, which opened in 1963, is named for the nearby St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church. Wi-Fi service is available at this station.

Subway infrastructure in the vicinity
South of the station the line curves 90 degrees east to run under Front Street to Union station.

Nearby landmarks
The station is near the Entertainment District, including Roy Thomson Hall, Royal Alexandra Theatre, Princess of Wales Theatre and TIFF Lightbox, the home of the Toronto International Film Festival. Also nearby is the Financial District and the Toronto Stock Exchange, with access east of the station via the PATH pedestrian tunnel system to Sun Life Centre, Exchange Tower, First Canadian Place, Standard Life Centre, and Toronto-Dominion Centre. Destinations west of the station, also available via PATH, include Metro Hall, Canadian Broadcasting Centre, RBC Centre, Ritz-Carlton Toronto and Simcoe Place, and continuing further to the Metro Toronto Convention Centre on the south side of Front Street.

Surface connections
A transfer is required to connect between the subway and these surface TTC streetcar routes:

TTC routes serving the station include:

Station improvements
Starting in 2008, several minor improvements to the station were implemented. A trial installation of LED lights at the south end of the platform was being used to study their effectiveness in the system. The decision to keep them was made in September 2009, and permanent installation began in February 2011.

Removal of the metal slat wall cover treatment began in 2009. In June 2009, the installation of a new wall treatment began. The new treatment consisted of enamel-painted sheet metal that was white with dark green trim and lettering. On March 25, 2010, the panels were replaced with new versions that showed less buckling; however, the buckling issue was not totally resolved and a new stronger version was being developed.

The station was converted to full wheelchair accessibility by adding a new elevator inside the station from the mezzanine level to the subway platform, and upgrading an elevator in a nearby office complex at 145 King St West to provide access from street level to the mezzanine. The project started in 2010 and the elevators went into service in June 2012.

title: St. Andrew station


text:
Lillian Board

Lillian Barbara Board, (13 December 1948 – 26 December 1970) was a British athlete. She won the silver medal in the 400 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, and two gold medals at the 1969 European Championships in Athletics in Athens. Her career was cut short in 1970 when she developed the colorectal cancer that within months would claim her life.

Early life
Board was born in Durban on 13 December 1948. Her parents, George and Frances Board, had emigrated from Manchester, England, to South Africa in April 1947, along with their son George Alfred. Growing homesick shortly after the birth of Lillian and her fraternal twin sister, Irene, the family moved back to Manchester in February 1950.

In 1956, the family moved to Ealing, west London, where Lillian and Irene, then aged 7, started studying at Drayton Green School.

Developing athletics career
In 1960, at the age of 11, Lillian and her sister moved to Grange Secondary Modern Girls' School, also in Ealing and now part of The Ellen Wilkinson School for Girls. It was here in 1961 that Physical Education teacher Sue Gibson (a Middlesex county discus champion) spotted that Lillian, now aged 12, had a special talent for running. She took her to join London Olympiades, the leading all-female athletics club, which had a training base at Alperton, north-west London. Here she competed in relays and 100 and 150-yard sprints.

The following year, 1962, she began competing in the long jump and after training through that winter, improved markedly as both a sprinter and long jumper.

In 1963, aged 14, she won the junior long jump title at the All-England Schools Championships (now known as The English Schools Championships) with a leap of 17 ft, and then finished second (17 ft) in the long jump at the Women's Amateur Athletic Association's national junior championships. She ended the season with victory in the long jump at the Southern Inter-Counties meeting, her leap of 17 ft the best by a British junior girl that year.

Trained by her father George and inspired by an illustrious club-mate, international long jumper and pentathlete Mary Rand, she concentrated on the sprints from the 1964 season with an emphasis on strength work and with a view to eventually moving up from the short sprints to the 440 and 880 yards, where George felt sure her future lay. She made her debut over both 220 yds and 880 yds in 1964, winning both events in times of 26.2 and 2:30.8, respectively.

In 1965, aged 16, Board was a member of the London Olympiades squad that won the 4 × 100 m relay title at the Women's AAA junior championships. Later that year, she showed her versatility with a career best leap of 5.80 m in the Long Jump and indoor wins over 60 yards (7.2) and 300 yards (42.0). She also lowered her 100 y best time to 10.9 and her 220 y best to 24.7.

Due to age rules, Board was unable to make her debut at the 440 yds until April 1966 when, aged 17 and now a senior, she finished a close second in an inter-club meeting at Southall, London, in 58.1 seconds. She then ran 57.3 in the Southern Counties Championships, before taking fourth place in the Women's AAA senior 440 yds final in a time of 54.6, the fastest ever recorded by a 17-year-old in Europe. Meanwhile, she took a secretarial course at Chiswick Polytechnic after leaving school, and worked between training sessions as a typist.

1966 season
Board's performances at 400 m in the 1966 season earned her a place in the England team for the Commonwealth Games held in Kingston, Jamaica, that August. Here, after winning her 400 m heat (54.7), Board finished fifth in the final in a time of 54.7 seconds, just outside her personal best. It was a very creditable effort for a 17-year-old. Disappointingly, she was not then chosen for the Great Britain team at the European Championships in Budapest, which were held from 30 August – 4 September. However, such disappointment was short-lived as later in September, she made her Great Britain debut, achieving fourth in the 400 m (55.9) in a match against France in Lille.

1967 season
Board firmly announced her arrival onto the international scene when, still aged only 18, she won the 400 m race in a Commonwealth v USA match in Los Angeles, California on 9 July 1967. She came from last to first with a stunning late surge and won in a time of 52.8 seconds, the second fastest ever recorded by a European woman. The race was broadcast live on British television and made her into a household name. Winning in such style at the biggest meeting of year was clearly a turning point in her career.

She followed this momentous triumph with a run of four wins at 400 m in five international events, most notably securing the only victory for Britain's women (in a time of 53.7) in the 1967 European Cup, final in Kyiv on 15 September. That season she also lowered her 200 m personal best to 24.6 and her 880 y best to 2.08.7. Recognition of a highly successful season came when she was chosen as Athlete of the Year by the Athletic Writers' Association.

1968 season and Olympic Games
Board began the 1968 season by winning the 440-yard race at an inter-club meeting in Brighton, her time of 54.8 comfortably inside the Olympic qualifying standard. She then leapt to the top of the world rankings after winning over 400 m (53.5) at an international meeting in Moscow. However, at the Women's AAA championships in July, she spurned the chance of an almost certain victory in the 400 m and instead decided to contest the 800 metres. After winning her heat (2.05.7), she showed her huge potential in this event by running a superb 2:02.0 (the second fastest ever by a British woman), to finish 2nd to the reigning European 800 m champion, Vera Nikolic of Yugoslavia, whose time of 2:00.5 was a new world record.

She continued her preparations for Mexico with a personal best of 23.5 when winning the 200 m in a match against West Germany in August and taking the 400 m (53.0) against Poland in September. She also anchored a British relay team to a new 4 × 110 y world record (45.0) later that month.

After that excellent build-up, she went into the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City as favourite to win the 400 m gold medal. After finishing a comfortable second in her 400 m heat (53.00), she won her semi-final in a personal best 52.56. In the final itself on 16 October, she only took the lead about 100 m from the finish and maintained her advantage well down the home straight. She looked certain to win but was caught just before the line by Colette Besson of France and beaten into second place by a mere 0.09 seconds. Setting a new UK record of 52.12 had not quite been enough to win gold. Nevertheless, it was an excellent effort by a 19-year-old competing in her first Olympics.

1969 season and European Championships
In 1969, Board began the season with a personal best 11.9 for 100 metres and a 52.9 contribution to a 4 × 400 metres world record (3:37.6), but in early July she strained ligaments in her back, forcing her to miss five weeks of the season. She returned in August with a 52.5 anchor leg in the 4 × 400 m relay to help Great Britain defeat the USA in an international match at London's White City; and then gained a modicum of 'revenge' on her Olympic nemesis, Colette Besson, when taking the 400 m (53.7) in a match against France in Middlesbrough.

However, her back was still painful, more so when she ran shorter distances, so she decided to go for the 800 metres at the 1969 European Athletics Championships in Athens that September. Still inexperienced at the longer event and ranked only 8th in Europe on her performances that season, she was not strongly fancied for 800 m gold. She won her heat comfortably (2:04.2) and then, two days later, produced a superb performance in the final on 18 September sprinting away from her rivals on the final bend and winning by eight metres in a personal best time of 2:01.4, a new championship record. She was the first British woman to win this European title, the second being Lynsey Sharp in 2012.

Just two days later, 20 September, Board lined up for Great Britain in the 4 × 400 m relay. Running the last leg, she came from ten metres down entering the home straight to beat her old rival Besson, who was anchoring the French squad, in a dramatic photo finish, not only winning gold for Britain but also helping to set a new world record of 3:30.8. Having claimed two gold medals, it was no surprise that she was named as 'Best Woman Athlete in the Games'. The relay team, featuring Board, Rosemary Stirling, Pat Lowe and Janet Simpson, was the first British team to win that title at the competition.

A further accolade came when she was appointed as a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to sport, in the 1970 New Year Honours. Known as the Golden Girl of British athletics for her blonde good looks and medal success, Board had become a very popular public figure, earning herself another nickname: 'Britain's favourite girl'. In December 1969, she was the 'mystery runner' at the Nos Galan (New Year's Eve) festival, held annually in the Welsh village of Mountain Ash to commemorate the legendary Welsh runner, Guto Nyth Bran.

1970 season
Board ran two-mile races early in the 1970 campaign, partly to build up stamina for the 800 m and partly with the aim of becoming the first athlete to represent Britain at all distances, the 1500 m being the only one missing from her collection. After running a solid 4:55.7 on her miling debut, she was selected for an international mile race in Rome on 16 May. Here she improved her personal best to 4:44.6, finishing second to a former mile world record holder, Paola Pigni of Italy. Her time moved her to No 2 in the UK all-time lists for the women's mile, behind only another former world record holder at the distance, Anne Smith.

Initial health problems
Soon after the mile race in Rome, she began to suffer from stomach upsets. These were diagnosed as a virus and she was prescribed pills. She continued to feel unwell but still managed to contribute a 2:07.0 leg to a 4 × 800 m world record on 13 June in Edinburgh. She ran 2:06.8 six days later when winning her 800 m heat at the Women's AAA championships at Crystal Palace, London, despite being doubled up in pain before the race. Pale and underweight, she then finished a tired third (2:05.1) in the 800 m final on 20 June.

Diagnosis and treatment
That 800 m final proved to be her last race. X-rays revealed inflammation of the bladder and her condition was initially diagnosed as Crohn's disease, forcing her to halt training and ruling her out of July's Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh. However, after further X-rays, tests and two biopsies she was correctly diagnosed with terminal colorectal cancer (or bowel cancer) in September 1970. An exploratory operation at St Mark's Hospital, London, on 8 October, revealed that the cancer had spread to her stomach and she was given two months to live.

Seeking a cure, she travelled in November 1970 to the village of Rottach-Egern, in the Bavarian Alps near Munich, West Germany, to be treated by the controversial physician Dr Josef Issels at his Ringberg Cancer Clinic. Adhering to his belief in non-mainstream treatments, she was placed on a strict diet of healthy food and with spring water and herbal tea as her only drinks. She then had her tonsils and two front teeth removed as Issels believed they helped spread infection.

Her condition worsened and she was moved to an intensive care unit at the clinic on 11 December. The following day, she underwent an operation to drain water from her abdomen.

Early death
She was transferred to Munich University Clinic on 21 December 1970, with suspected peritonitis. She was found not to have peritonitis but still needed to undergo an operation to remove a stomach blockage. This was done on 23 December. She recovered from the after-effects of the operation, but on 24 December she lapsed into a coma from which she would not emerge. She died in Munich two days later, aged 22. She was cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium on 1 January 1971.

A memorial service was held for her at St Paul's Cathedral, London, on 21 January 1971, and she is commemorated in Munich with an avenue bearing her name that leads to the Munich Olympic Stadium. A biography entitled simply Lillian was published by her fiancé, David Emery, in 1971.

Honours and awards

 * Voted 'Sportswoman of the Year' for 1968 by the Sports Journalists' Association.
 * Named 'Best Woman Athlete in the Games' at the 1969 European Championships in Athletics.
 * Appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the New Year's Honours List, 1970 for services to athletics.
 * Voted 'Sportswoman of the Year' for 1970 by readers of the Daily Express newspaper.
 * British athlete Rebecca Lyne dedicated the bronze medal she won in the 800 m at the 2006 European Athletics Championships to Lillian Board.
 * The footway from the Munich Olympic Stadium to the subway station was renamed as the Lillian-Board-Weg.
 * Lilian Board Way, Greenford, in her hometown of Ealing, bears her name. Due to an administrative error, the spelling of her first name was spelt incorrectly.
 * The Lillian Board Trophy, a memorial trophy provided by Irene Board and by Dame Marea Hartman, Chairwoman of the Woman's Commission of the IAAF and of the Women's AAA following Board's death is awarded each year for outstanding fundraising for cancer.

National titles and records

 * Won six titles at the WAAA's Championships, including the 440 yds title in 1967.
 * Set 11 UK records, including a 400 m record of 52.12 in 1968.
 * Helped set four relay world records (at 4 × 110 yds, 4 × 400 m (twice) and 4 × 800 m) between September 1968 and June 1970, running the anchor/last leg each time.

Personal bests
She only competed twice in the mile run and ceased competing in the long jump in 1967.

Personal life
Board was engaged to sports journalist David Emery at the time of her death. Emery was at her side throughout her illness. He subsequently married her twin sister Irene.

A talented dressmaker and designer, Board often made her own clothes, including a pink coat she wore to receive the MBE from Queen Elizabeth II in January 1970.

She was the only female panellist on the first nationwide edition of BBC TV's quiz show A Question of Sport, broadcast on 5 January 1970. The other panellists were footballers George Best and Tom Finney and cricketer Ray Illingworth. (The team captains were boxer Henry Cooper and rugby player Cliff Morgan, and the presenter was David Vine.) The recording of this historic edition of one of television's most popular and durable programmes (now in its 53rd year) is missing from the BBC archives.

title: Lillian Board