text: User:Stilroc

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Stilroc


text: User talk:24.167.201.107

title: User talk:24.167.201.107


text:
Talk:Universidad Nacional de Colombia

from VfD:

The article was in Spanish. I moved it to es: (see Transwiki log). --Fibonacci 00:19, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Redirect to National University of Colombia. Andrewa 00:37, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Should have been speedied after the transwiki, but the redirect is harmless. --Korath会話 00:40, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect. [[User:Livajo|Ливай | ☺]] 04:59, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect. Not just harmless, correct. Normal for institutions whose native names are non-English. BTW, please remember Pages needing translation into English: we salvage over 50% of non-English pages, unless they are copyvios. Probably for major Western European languages the percentage is even higher. -- Jmabel | Talk 09:33, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * National University of Colombia already contains what was on that page. --Fibonacci 17:56, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect is useful. Wyss 22:37, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Universidad Nacional de Colombia


text:
User:Samwyse

Location: Basel, Switzerland

Interests: mainly Metal

de:Benutzer:Samwise

title: User:Samwyse


text:
Woolston, New Zealand

Woolston is a large light-industrial and residential suburb of Christchurch in the South Island of New Zealand. It is situated three kilometres southeast of the city centre, close to major arterial routes including State Highways 74 and 76 to Banks Peninsula. The Ōpāwaho / Heathcote River flows through the suburb.

History
In pre-European times the Woolston was not clearly identified. The mudflats at Ferrymead at the eastern end of modern Woolston was considered an important food gathering place by the local Ngāi Tahu iwi. The Māori name for the mudflats was "Ohika paruparu". Māori women gathered shellfish there. This is the only name known to have been used to describe the area prior to European settlement.

Early European records name the western area of Woolston as Roimata, meaning teardrop in Māori. To this day some land titles in this area reference Roimata as their location. More recently the name has been revived by the Roimata Community Incorporated Society (Roimata Community Inc.) and Christ Church Roimata (an independent Anglican church), which are geographically and community-based organisations actively working in Roimata. Its boundaries are defined as Ensors Road, Brougham Street, Ferry Road and Richardson Terrace.

One of the first signs of a growing European community in the Woolston area was the establishment of a Christian church, the Anglican Parish of St John the Evangelist Woolston, which belongs to the Christchurch diocese. The origins of the Parish date back to 1857 when the first Cob Church was built on the current site. In 1882 a new timber church was built. In 1960 the existing concrete Church building was built and dedicated (consecrated 1963). These church buildings are used daily for worship and many other religious and community activities. It is open to the public on Sundays. It is situated on Ferry Road at the eastern end of Woolston Village. The Parish was officially recognised one year after Christchurch was officially recognised as a City in 1856, the same year that the Anglican Diocese of Christchurch was established. St Johns is one of the oldest Anglican parishes in New Zealand.

Woolston initially belonged to the Heathcote District. In the 1850s and 1860s, wharves along the Ōpāwaho / Heathcote River were used by small ships to service the area. Before the Lyttelton Rail Tunnel was opened in 1867, all the incoming trade arrived in Ferrymead and was transported through Woolston (along Ferry Road) into Christchurch. The road went from the wharf in Lower Heathcote to what is now the corner of High and Madras Streets. The area became quite industrialised after the tunnel opened. Ferry Road later carried the tramlines to Sumner.

Up until early 1870 the area was commonly referred to as Lower Heathcote. At a meeting about the Heathcote Road drain a local store owner, Joseph Harry Hopkins (1837–1910), named the area Woolston after his birthplace Woolston in Southampton, England. On 16 June 1870, in response to a petition to the postmaster-general, Julius Vogel, objecting to the post office being called Ferry Road, the name Woolston was gazetted. Woolston became a district in 1882, and remained a self-governing borough until 1921, when it was amalgamated with Christchurch.

Evangelical leader William Orange was born at Woolston in 1889.

Woolston Cut
The Ōpāwaho / Heathcote River provided Woolston much needed water for industries like wool scouring, which needed plentiful water. In 1966 the Woolston industrial sewer was built, and up until that time the river had become increasingly polluted.

Flooding had also become a problem and in 1986 the Woolston Cut began to allow flood waters to bypass a long loop of the river. This resulted in effluent from the surrounding government settlements to pollute this stretch of river. The 510 m long project, which cost NZ$2m, had as a consequence that the trees on the riverbank died as far upstream as the Opawa bridge, and that banks collapsed. During normal flow regimes, the Heathcote remains to flow through what is called the Woolston Loop.

Today
In later years Woolston's close proximity to the Lyttelton rail line continued to sustain Woolston as a prime location for industry. Over the 20th century the area grew to become the centre of the New Zealand rubber industry. Other industries grew here and included a nugget factory and a gelatine and glue works. Many of these businesses are still present in one form or another. Woolston hosts Christchurch's largest container terminal.

Residential growth from the city gradually moved out through the Woolston area and it is now well merged with Christchurch City. Te Ara, the on-line Encyclopedia of New Zealand, says that "Factory workers living nearby gave Woolston a strong working-class identity."

Woolston is home to The Woolston Drivebys, an indoor football team. The Woolston Brass Band, established in 1891, has gained a national reputation and has won many competitions.

Heritage buildings
Prior to the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, the following heritage buildings were listed with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust:
 * A & T Burt building, the former Nugget Boot Polish Factory (Category II), built in 1924, it was damaged beyond repair in the February 2011 earthquake and demolished later that year.
 * Bloomsbury (Category II), a large residential building at 37 Maunsell Street.
 * Jubilee Hospital (Category I), a hospital for the old and infirm established in 1888 in the Woolston Loop. It closed in 1990 and some of the buildings were demolished. The remaining buildings house a fish processing plant.
 * Stone Cottage (Category II), built in 1863 from Port Hills stone and these days used as Dizzy Lizzy's restaurant and catering service.
 * Whalebone Cottage (Category II), built in ca 1867. Whale ribs used to form an arched gateway for over a century, but those bones are no longer there.
 * Woolston Borough Monument (Category II), a monument from 1893.

Demographics
Woolston comprises five statistical areas. Woolston North, West and East and Ensors are primarily residential. Woolston South is primarily industrial.

Residential areas
The residential areas of Woolston cover 3.96 km2. They had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

The residential areas had a population of 10,131 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 315 people (3.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 642 people (6.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 3,984 households, comprising 5,154 males and 4,983 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female, with 1,863 people (18.4%) aged under 15 years, 2,028 (20.0%) aged 15 to 29, 4,788 (47.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,455 (14.4%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 77.5% European/Pākehā, 15.1% Māori, 7.7% Pasifika, 10.3% Asian, and 2.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 21.8, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.8% had no religion, 33.3% were Christian, 0.5% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.9% were Hindu, 0.8% were Muslim, 0.6% were Buddhist and 2.6% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 1,158 (14.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 2,037 (24.6%) people had no formal qualifications. 759 people (9.2%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 4,215 (51.0%) people were employed full-time, 1,050 (12.7%) were part-time, and 387 (4.7%) were unemployed.

Woolston South
Woolston South covers 2.40 km2. It had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Woolston South had a population of 507 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 12 people (−2.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 33 people (7.0%) since the 2006 census. There were 216 households, comprising 282 males and 225 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.25 males per female. The median age was 39.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 75 people (14.8%) aged under 15 years, 105 (20.7%) aged 15 to 29, 261 (51.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 66 (13.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 72.8% European/Pākehā, 13.6% Māori, 5.9% Pasifika, 9.5% Asian, and 3.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 21.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 53.3% had no religion, 30.2% were Christian, 1.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.8% were Hindu, 0.6% were Buddhist and 3.6% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 54 (12.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 84 (19.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $29,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 45 people (10.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 240 (55.6%) people were employed full-time, 51 (11.8%) were part-time, and 21 (4.9%) were unemployed.

Economy
The Tannery was established in Woolston in 2013. It features 60 stores including a cinema complex.

Education
Ngutuawa School and Te Waka Unua School are full primary schools for years 1 to 8. They have rolls of and  students, respectively. Ngutuawa started as Bamford School in 1952. It was damaged in the Christchurch earthquakes, and moved to a new site with the new name in 2020. Te Waka Unua opened in 2015 after the merger of Phillipstown School with Woolston School.

St Anne's Catholic School and Tamariki School are state-integrated full primary schools for years 1 to 8. They have rolls of and  students, respectively. St Anne's was established in 1906. Tamariki opened in 1966. It provides education following the principles of A. S. Neill.

Kimihia Parents' College is a Teen Parent Unit of Linwood College.

All these schools except Kimihia are coeducational. Rolls are as of

title: Woolston, New Zealand


text:
Talk:Sayed Ahmad Khan

Sir Syed is linked to from a lot of Islamism-related topics. I am undoing that--he had nothing to do with them except being alternatively decried and co-opted by them. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 00:22, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

I say go ahead with the merge. Beetle B. 23:58, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sayed Ahmad Khan


text:
EMD DDA40X

The EMD DDA40X is a 6,600 hp (4,943 kW) D-D locomotive, built by EMD from 1969 to 1971 exclusively for the Union Pacific Railroad. It is the most powerful diesel-electric locomotive model ever built on a single frame, having two 16-645E3A diesel prime movers. Union Pacific has marked DD40X on the cab exteriors, while EMD literature inconsistently refers to this model as either DD-40X or DDA40X.

UP's DDA40X locomotives were the culmination of the company's experiments with extremely powerful locomotives that began with its gas turbine-electric locomotives and DD35s. For manufacturer EMD, the construction of the world's most powerful single frame locomotive was a sign of the company's dominance of the North American diesel locomotive market, with only GE Transportation an equal competitor. The DDA40X also pioneered a number of new technologies that would go on to be incorporated in future EMD designs.

Ultimately, UP did not continue with exceptionally powerful locomotives like the DDA40X built on single frames, instead moving towards distributed power using smaller locomotives closer to 4,000 hp. All of DDA40X locomotives were retired between 1984 and 1986; several of them survive. Union Pacific 6936 operated as a member of the Union Pacific Heritage Fleet until 2022, when it was announced it would be donated to the Railroading Heritage of Midwest America museum.

History
In 1969, Union Pacific was retiring the last of their gas turbine-electric locomotives. Beginning in 1963, Union Pacific had ordered EMD DD35s and DD35As to replace the turbines, and the DDA40X was a further development from this design.

The first DDA40X, UP 6900, was delivered in April 1969, in time to participate in the celebrations of the centennial anniversary of the completion of the first transcontinental railroad driving the "Gold Spike Limited"; it arrived in Salt Lake City, Utah, on the morning of May 10, 1969. In honor of this, the class was nicknamed Centennials and the choice of locomotive numbers in the 6900s was made for the same reason. Forty-six more were built between June 1969 and September 1971, numbered from 6901 to 6946.

The DDA40X is 98 ft long. The frames were fabricated by the John Mohr Company of Chicago, because they were too large for EMD's factory. The use of more than one prime mover in a single locomotive was not new; the E-series were popular dual-engine locomotives, and Baldwin had produced (but not sold) a locomotive with four diesel engines.

The "X" in the model number stood for experimental, as DDA40X Centennials were testbeds for technology that would go into future EMD products. UP frequently used these locomotives to haul heavy freights. Each unit successfully ran about 2000000 mi before they were retired from revenue service in 1985. The modular electronic control systems, later used in EMD Dash-2 models, were first used on the DDA40X and the 4,200 hp SD45X. All DDA40X units included a new load test circuit, whose dynamic braking resistors allowed units to load test without a track-side load test box. Gearing was 59:18, allowing 80 mph on freight trains.

The DDA40X has a wide nose akin to those on the F45 and FP45 cowl units. These cabs were superficially similar to the Canadian comfort cab introduced by Canadian National in 1973, though without the structural reinforcements of the Canadian design.

Other experiments were conducted during the service life of these locomotives. A few of the units were fitted with Federal Signal Thunderbolt air raid sirens to warn track-side personnel when away from grade crossings, but the results were inconclusive. Another test included the modular electrical components, which was successful. This made for easier diagnosis of electrical problems. These modifications were used in all future locomotives built by EMD.

Despite their excellent performance and relatively good efficiency, these units were costly to maintain, which ultimately prompted Union Pacific to begin placing them into storage in the early 1980s. But in early 1984, as rail traffic rebounded, Union Pacific brought 25 units out of storage and rebuilt them to return to service. All locomotives were finally retired by 1986. Eleven DDA40X units are preserved by various museums, while another unit survives as a source of spare parts for other locomotives. UP 6936, the sole operating unit, was owned by Union Pacific and was used in excursion service until 2016. In 2022, this locomotive was donated by Union Pacific to the Railroading Heritage of Midwest America, which plans to return the locomotive to operation. 6936 was operated by the museum for the first time in August 2023.

Surviving examples
Thirteen DDA40Xs survive today. The following list details the surviving locomotives and their current owners.
 * 6900 - Kenefick Park, Omaha, Nebraska. The first DDA40X built, it was moved to its current location on April 15, 2005.
 * 6901 - Ross Park, Pocatello, Idaho.
 * 6911 - Mexico Museum of Technology, Mexico City.
 * 6913 - Museum of the American Railroad, Frisco, Texas.
 * 6915 - RailGiants Train Museum, Fairplex, Pomona, California.
 * 6916 - Utah State Railroad Museum, Ogden, Utah.
 * 6922 - Cody Park, North Platte, Nebraska.
 * 6925 - Stored at Dakota Southern Railway’s rail yard located in Chamberlain, South Dakota, having been used as a parts source and for fuel storage. It was owned by the Nebraska Railroad Museum, until October 2022, when it was sold to a private owner in Kansas City.
 * 6930 - Illinois Railway Museum, Union, Illinois. Originally donated to Smoky Hill Railway & Historical Society (Kansas City area); traded and moved to the IRM in 1991.
 * 6936 - Railroading Heritage of Midwest America, Silvis, Illinois. Previously operated as part of the UP Heritage Fleet until 2016. Operational.
 * 6938 - North Little Rock, Arkansas. Sits in front of Jenks Locomotive Facility.
 * 6944 - National Museum of Transportation, St. Louis, Missouri. No. 6944 was sent to Altoona, Pennsylvania in July, 2014 for cosmetic restoration, which was completed in May, 2015. The locomotive returned to St. Louis in June, 2015.
 * 6946 - Western Pacific Railroad Museum, Portola, California. The last DDA40X built, it is fairly complete and on static display.

title: EMD DDA40X


text: Category:Kochi Prefecture

title: Category:Kochi Prefecture


text:
Talk:Parliament of Northern Ireland

Location
I need to check the dates but please note the Parliament intitially met in Belfast's City Hall for the first few occasions before moving into the Presbyterian Church in Ireland's Belfast theological college (then Assembly's College but now known as Union Theological College) for the period 1921 until Stormont opened.

Gerard Newe's appointment
Lapsed Pacifist keeps reverting whenever anyone NPOVs the following:

''Stormont was abolished just six weeks after Bloody Sunday when the Unionist Government refused to hand over responsibility for law and order to Westminster. In its 50-year history, only one piece of legislation was passed that originated from the Nationalists (concerning wildlife). In October 1971, Gerard Newe, a Catholic UUP MP, had been appointed as a junior minister at Stormont, in a belated (and ultimately futile) attempt to improve community relations. He was the first Catholic to serve in a Northern Ireland government. Northern Ireland and Mexico are alone in the Western world in having spent more than half the 20th century under one-party rule.''

I have reverted this (or equivalent) a few times because it is clearly a POV opinion. Recent Northern Irish history is fraught with controversy and Lapsed Pacifist has a record of entering some of these controversies on Wikipedia - see User talk:Lapsed Pacifist for a number of these. Timrollpickering 19:16, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

I don't believe it is POV. How can you argue the attempt was not belated, when this could have been done by the UUP at any time in their fifty-year rule, and was only done when the parliament faced dissolution?

Lapsed Pacifist 19:52, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * What about a statement saying that "the Catholic community believed his appointment was belated"? --JW1805 20:00, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Why, did the Protestant community believe it was prompt?

Lapsed Pacifist 20:05, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Just trying to suggest a compromise. --JW1805 20:13, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

The attempt was belated, by anyone's standards. I added futile, because I don't see the case for it being successful.

Lapsed Pacifist 20:18, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

Anonymous edit was mine.

Lapsed Pacifist 05:15, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Use of Éire and the Irish Free State
The state stopped being the Irish Free State in 1937 and the title has only been used since then by very POV refusniks. The constitution for the new incarnation from 1937 states "The name of the state is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland." Whilst Éire has a confused application, it is the title often used to describe the state between 1937 and 1949 when the Free State is clearly an outdated term and the "Republic of Ireland" has not yet been declared. Note that on Wikipedia's list of Irish states since 1171 "Éire" is the title given for the 1937-1949 incarnation and the navboxes take readers to the same page.

Lapsed Pacifist if you feel the names used are wrong then the place to raise these objections is on the pages with those names. Entering into your usual reversion wars on other pages that are not primarily concerned with that is a pointless exercise and the changes will not last. Timrollpickering 09:26, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Generally agreed, whilst "Eire" is not a favorite of mine (I prefer "Ireland (Eire)") it is a better alternative to "Irish Free State". Similarily the use of "Republic of Ireland" is premature. Their is a Requests for comment/Lapsed Pacifist page in any case if LP is unwilling to be reasonable. Djegan 17:54, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

Legal barring of abstentionism
I vaguelly recall noticing in UK newspapers from the later 1930s that a law was introduced to make elected MPs take the oath and attend Stormont but am not sure when it came in. Does anyone know? Timrollpickering 09:35, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

POV statement
With the 1929 general election the Unionists dumped the hated proportional representation system

I'm not sure that this has an NPOV as it is not clear who "hated" the PR system. I think this could be rerwritten thus:

With the 1929 general election the Unionist government abolished proportional representation system

but I'm not too fixated on the exact wording. What do others think? Regan123 18:23, 8 October 2006 (UTC)

One party rule?
if northern Ireland has never been an independent state, than how does it fit into the list of states under one party rule? other sub-national entities have had similar one party rule, ie the American South

One-party rule is a rather emotive term. I suggest rule by a single party for more than half of the twentieth century. However as the parties have changed in both Sweden and particularly Ulster, I cannot see the point in including this reference at all.125.237.111.80 (talk) 04:32, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Connor painting.jpg
Image:Connor painting.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:51, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Peers in the Commons
Presumably there was no rule against Peers sitting in the House of Commons at Stormont, given Brookeborough holding his seat from '52 - '63? --Counter-revolutionary (talk) 00:53, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Protestant parliament for a Protestant people
A recent edit has added in the following sentence: In the 1930s the phrase a Protestant parliament for a Protestant people was a debated term. What does "being a debated term" mean? The reference provided is simply to the primary source (Hansard) of Craigavon using the phrase. It does not support the statement that it "was a debated term". More generally, the added sentence appears to me to lack context. Mooretwin (talk) 15:53, 24 March 2010 (UTC)

Stormont Papers
In an attempt to make the Stormont Papers project a bit easier to use as a source, I've put together Stormont, which should make it a little easier to cite it. Any questions, please let me know... Andrew Gray (talk) 14:35, 7 August 2012 (UTC)

Elections and composition chart
The barchart needs an accompanying table that interprets the various colours. The source data includes the individual party codings, but I don't know how to translate that into a caption table. Any thoughts or examples? jxm (talk) 15:38, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Parliament of Northern Ireland


text:
Arthur Labatt

Arthur Sackville Labatt, (born May 11, 1934) is a Canadian businessman and the great-grandson of John K. Labatt, founder of the Labatt brewery. From 2004 to 2008, he was the chancellor of the University of Western Ontario (UWO) in London, Ontario, Canada.

Life and career
Born in London, Ontario, to John Sackville Labatt and Elizabeth Anne Lynch, Labatt studied business at UWO for one year in 1953, and he also briefly studied at McGill University, where he joined the Kappa Alpha Society. However, he never graduated from either university.

He was expected to take over the Labatt brewery, but by the time he was an adult, the business had been sold outside of the family. Instead, he became an accountant with Clarkson Gordon and later worked in the securities industry and investment management. He founded Trimark Investment Management, a mutual fund company, in 1981.

Labatt became an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1996. He succeeded Eleanor Clitheroe as chancellor of UWO on October 28, 2004, and he served until 2008.

On February 7, 2007, the Labatt family donated $30 million to Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children—the largest donation in the hospital's history—in order to establish the Labatt Family Heart Centre (which will provide care for children with congenital heart disease), and to support the Brain Tumour Research Centre, which the Labatt family helped establish with a previous donation.

title: Arthur Labatt


text:
Government Plaza station

Government Plaza station is a Metro light rail station on the Blue Line and Green Line in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The station is located on 5th Street South, between 3rd and 4th Avenues South in downtown Minneapolis. This station opened on June 26, 2004, with initial light rail service in the Twin Cities.

History and design

In 1905, Twin Cities Rapid Transit (TCRT) streetcars began running on new track down 5th Street from Hennepin Avenue to 4th Avenue in order to relieve congestion on the High Street Loop. In 1920, TCRT's flagship Interurban between Downtown Minneapolis and Downtown Saint Paul, streetcar predecessor to the Green Line, was rerouted down 5th Street from Washington Avenue via 5th Avenue. Streetcars continued this routing through downtown and were converted to buses on November 28, 1953.

Fifth Avenue was converted to westward one-way traffic in the mid-1960s in conjunction with the construction of Interstate 94 and Interstate 35W. The westbound stop remained for Routes 16, a bus predecessor to the Green Line and replacement of the Interubran. Soon after the Metropolitan Transit Commission assumed TCRT's operations in 1970, the corridor would remain critical for westbound service from Saint Paul. In 1976 express bus service between downtowns was inaugurated along Interstate 94. In June 1998 limited-stop Route 50 began operating, supplementing Route 16 during rush hours. In order to compensate for the loss of westbound bus traffic on 5th Street at the beginning of light rail construction, a contraflow bus lane was placed one block north on 4th Street South. Construction of the downtown stations began summer 2002. Service began at this station when the first phase of the Hiawatha Line, now the Blue Line, opened on June 26, 2004. Additional light rail service commenced June 14, 2014, with opening of the Green Line to Saint Paul.

The station was designed by Barbour LaDouceur Architects, with Seitu Jones serving as architectural design team artist. In response to historic preservation concerns wanting to retain sightlines of Minneapolis City Hall from the adjacent street and plaza, particularly the Richardsonian Romanesque facade and arched entrance, the shelters at this station are spaced widely apart at each end of the long platforms. Surrounding architecture influenced the station's design. For shelters, stone bases match that of City Hall's red granite and the canopies' exposed truss beam design was inspired by the nearby Milwaukee Road Depot train shed. Semicircular enclosures are oriented towards the direction of travel. Platform brickwork is continuous with the adjoining plaza.

Side platforms extend into the sidewalk, closing off 5th Street to vehicle traffic. This is the only segment of the light rail along 5th Street with no vehicle traffic adjacent to the tracks. Government Plaza was the only downtown station that could not accommodate 3-car long trains, only being built for a maximum of 2-cars. The platform was lengthened from 200 ft to 300 ft the weekend of June 26, 2009.

The Green Line Night Bus and rail replacement buses serve regular bus stops at 5th Street, the westbound stop is adjacent on 4th Avenue with the eastbound stop one block away on 5th Avenue.

Public art
The public art installation, Local Connections: Minneapolis Views and Visions of Democracy, by Keith Christensen, features two granite columns roughly demarcating the boundary between the southbound platform and the plaza. The artwork also consists of eight printed images, two in each shelter, on two-sided panels of enameled glass. Images are either of different work gloves, solicited from community residents and workers, or aerial photography, historic and contemporary, of Minneapolis neighborhoods. The gloves allude to diverse population and democracy in work. Aerials contextualize how local activities fit into a larger scale. Phrases accompanying the columns and images pertain to community and civic engagement, and are translated into five languages common to Minneapolis: English, Spanish, Somali, Hmong, and Ojibwe.

Small Kindness, Weather Permitting, by Janet Zweig, has four interactive boxes at the station: All the way around!#17, Ring the bell and see.#18, Go ahead and let it snow.#23, and Open the curtains please.#27.

Notable places nearby
The station is surrounded by a high concentration of government buildings, suggestive of its name: Minneapolis City Hall, Hennepin County Government Center, Minneapolis Federal Courthouse, Hennepin County Public Safety Facility, and, most recently, Minneapolis Public Service Building. Directly adjoining the southbound platform is The People's Plaza. The Minneapolis Skyway System can be accessed from City Hall or Government Center, and a rare underground portion of the system runs beneath the station.

Landmarks nearby include CenturyLink Building, U.S. Bank Plaza, and Capella Tower.

Two and three blocks away are connections to the C Line and D Line at 7th–8th Street & 3rd/4th Avenue.

title: Government Plaza station


text:
Earle Wheeler

Earle Gilmore Wheeler (January 13, 1908 – December 18, 1975), nicknamed Bus, was a United States Army general who served as the chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1962 to 1964 and then as the sixth chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1964–1970), holding the latter position during the Vietnam War.

Early life and education
Earle Gilmore Wheeler was born in Washington, D.C., on January 13, 1908, to Dock Stone and Ida Gilmore. He was later adopted by Ida's second husband. Wheeler began his military career in 1924, at the age of 16, as a private in Company E, 121st Engineers, District of Columbia National Guard. He was promoted to sergeant in 1926, then, in 1928, was honorably discharged in order to enroll at the United States Military Academy. He graduated from the Academy in 1932 and was commissioned into the infantry. After graduation he married Frances "Betty" Rogers Howell, whom he met at a society party in 1930. He served in the 29th Infantry Regiment from 1932 to 1936, then attended Infantry School in 1937. He served with the 15th Infantry Regiment, from 1937 to 1940, stationed in China from 1937 to 1938.

Career
From 1940 to 1941, Wheeler was a mathematics instructor at West Point. Rising from battalion commander to more senior roles, he trained the newly activated 36th and 99th Infantry Divisions from 1941 to 1944, then went to Europe in November 1944 as chief of staff of the newly formed 63rd Infantry Division.

Wheeler served in senior staff positions in a variety of specialties, including supply, intelligence, planning, and armor.

In late 1945, Wheeler returned to the U.S. as an artillery instructor at Fort Sill, then returned to Germany from 1947 to 1949 as a staff officer of the United States Constabulary (formerly VI Corps), occupying Germany. He attended the National War College in 1950. He then returned to Europe as a staff officer in NATO, in a series of roles. In 1951–52 he commanded the 351st Infantry Regiment, which controlled the Free Territory of Trieste, a front-line position of the Cold War.

In 1955, Wheeler joined the General Staff at The Pentagon. In 1958 he took command of the 2nd Armored Division. In 1959, he took command of III Corps. He became Director of the Joint Staff in 1960. In 1962 he was briefly Deputy Commander of U.S. Forces in Europe before being named Chief of Staff of the United States Army later that year.

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Wheeler Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in July 1964 to succeed General Maxwell Taylor. Wheeler's tenure as the nation's top military officer spanned the height of America's involvement in the Vietnam War.

Wheeler's accession to the top job in the U.S. military, over the heads of officers with more combat experience, drew some criticism. Then Air Force Chief of Staff, General Curtis LeMay, called him "Polly Parrot" and said he was awarded a medal for "fighting the Battle of Fort Benning", an army post in Georgia where Wheeler served during much of World War II.

Wheeler oversaw and supported the expanding U.S. military role in the Vietnam War in the mid-1960s, consistently backing the field commander's requests for additional troops and operating authority. He often urged President Johnson to strike harder at North Vietnam and to expand aerial bombing campaigns. Wheeler was concerned with minimizing costs to U.S. ground troops. At the same time, he preferred what he saw as a realistic assessment of the capabilities of the South Vietnamese military. This earned him a reputation as a "hawk."

Wheeler, with General William C. Westmoreland, the field commander, and President Johnson, pushed to raise additional American forces after the February 1968 Tet Offensive. American media at the time widely reported the Tet Offensive as Viet Cong victory. This followed a widely noted news report in 1967 that cited an unnamed American general (later identified as General Frederick C. Weyand) who called the situation in Vietnam a "stalemate." It was a view with which Wheeler agreed in more confidential circles. However, Wheeler was concerned that the American buildup in Vietnam depleted U.S. military capabilities in other parts of the world. He called for 205,000 additional ground troops, to be gained by mobilizing reserves, but intended these remain in the US as an active reserve. The president decided this was not easily accomplished. Together with the Tet Offensive and shifts in American public opinion, this abortive effort contributed to President Johnson's ultimate decision to de-escalate the war.

After the election of President Richard M. Nixon, Wheeler oversaw the implementation of the "Vietnamization" program, whereby South Vietnamese forces assumed increasing responsibility for the war as American forces were withdrawn.

Wheeler retired from the U.S. Army in July 1970. Wheeler was the longest-serving Chairman of the Joint Chiefs to date, serving six years. Upon his retirement, he was awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal and was the first recipient of that decoration.

Death
Wheeler died in Frederick, Maryland, after a heart attack on December 18, 1975.

Dates of rank
* postwar reduction

title: Earle Wheeler


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User:Agurzil~enwiki

Agurzil is the God of War in Berber Mythology.

title: User:Agurzil~enwiki


text:
Category:Kumamoto Prefecture

Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県; Kumamoto-ken) is a prefecture located in the Kyūshū region on Kyūshū island, Japan. The capital is the city of Kumamoto.

title: Category:Kumamoto Prefecture


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Karjat

Karjat (Pronunciation: [kəɾd͡zət̪]) is a city administered under a Municipal Council in Raigad district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is served by Karjat railway station. Karjat forms a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. Karjat is located approximately at an equidistant of 100 km from Mumbai and Pune. The river Ulhas flows through the city.

Demographics
In the 2011 Indian census, Karjat had a population of 29,663. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. The literacy rate in Karjat was 88.38%, higher than the state average of 82.34%. In Karjat, male literacy is around 91.65% while female literacy rate is 84.94%. Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 3039 which is 10.25% of the total population.

title: Karjat


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Preacher's kid

Preacher's kid is a term to refer to a child of a preacher, pastor, deacon, vicar, lay leader, priest, minister or other similar church leader. Although the phrase can be used in a purely descriptive way, it may also be used as a stereotype. In some countries, a preacher's kid is referred to as a vicar's son/daughter.

Phenomenon
Children of clergy often experience pressure due to the expectations placed on them,  and may develop feelings of isolation and inner conflict as a result. Parental workload (which, by definition, includes working on the weekend) may also be a source of stress. Some writers suggest that there is a "preacher's kid syndrome", in which children of clergy reject religion and the church.

Such rebellious children of the clergy are a stock figure in the Southern literature of the United States, and this view is seen as a stereotype. One literary example occurs in Eugene O'Neill's play The Iceman Cometh when the traveling salesman Hickey describes his life: "You see, even as a kid I was always restless. I had to keep on the go. You’ve heard the old saying, 'Ministers' sons are sons of guns.' Well, that was me, and then some." Other writers note that children of the clergy (both Christian and Jewish) may often become clergy themselves, such as Martin Luther King Jr., son of Martin Luther King Sr.; and Franklin Graham, son of Billy Graham.

Children of clergy may be more exposed than their peers to the defining events of life. Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown recalled that he learned much about life, death, poverty, injustice and unemployment as the son of a Church of Scotland minister. The "preacher's kid" phenomenon has been connected with the related phenomenon of "military brats" (children of active-duty military personnel). Children of preachers who are missionaries (missionary kids) may also be third culture kids.

Stereotypes
There are two different stereotypes of the preacher's kid: in one, they are perfectly angelic role models, in the other they are rebels at the opposite extreme. The existence of these stereotypes is a source of pressure on children of clergy.

Examples of the negative stereotype include the preacher's son from Maine in the film Gettysburg, described as the "best darn cusser I've ever heard" and Jessica Lovejoy in the "Bart's Girlfriend" episode of The Simpsons. On the sitcom Three's Company, the character Chrissy Snow played by Suzanne Somers played off a variety of stereotypes including the "dumb blonde", but also as daughter of Reverend Luther Snow (Peter Mark Richman), the character – as well as much of the show's humor – was developed around aspects of Chrissy's innocence and naïvety based on a stereotype of her religious upbringing in small town America. The TV series 7th Heaven is also a good example of the pastor's kid stereotype. The Camden family father, Eric (Stephen Collins), is a minister, and he and his wife Annie (Catherine Hicks) have seven children. Sometimes they are perfect angels but most of the time the show displays the trials that the family go through as the children grow up, and often the children are criticized because of who their father is. Lifetime reality TV series Preachers' Daughters follows the lives of Christian preacher's daughters and their families.

An enduring image from popular music is presented in the hit song "Son of a Preacher Man," a ballad of young love remembered, places the minister's son as a "sweet-talkin' son of a preacher man", who is possibly more sensitive to women and thus able to emotionally reach the girl who claims that, "The only one who could ever reach me/Was the son of a preacher man/The only boy who could ever teach me/Was the son of a preacher man." Versions of the recording from major stars like Dusty Springfield and Aretha Franklin kept this image, drawn from a southern US setting, visible internationally. The "preacher's daughter" is also a pervasive negative stereotype ascribed to female children that has a particular set of connotations, often sexual, rebellious, or dark in nature. The stereotype is typically suggestive of a dual life: one lived as the expected descendant of piety and the other lived wild, outside of the morals of religion, cloaked in secrecy. Songs such as "Preacher's Daughter" by American R&B singer-songwriter Anthony Hamilton exhibit this role: "She had a habit that she couldn't really stop, needed money so she had to hit the block, nobody knew it so she steady had to play a role, went to church, but surely tearin' up her soul... she was a Preacher's Daughter."

Other terms
In Scotland, to be a "child of the manse" is considered very influential on a person's upbringing.

In German, the terms Pfarrerskind and Priesterkind are used to refer to children of clergy.

Greek surnames with the prefix Papa- and Armenian surnames with the prefix Ter- or Der- refer to people who are the descendants of clergy.

title: Preacher's kid


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Jiří Trnka

Jiří Trnka (24 February 1912 – 30 December 1969) was a Czech puppet-maker, illustrator, motion-picture animator and film director.

In addition to his extensive career as an illustrator, especially of children's books, he is best known for his work in animation with puppets, which began in 1946. Most of his films were intended for adults and many were adaptations of literary works. Because of his influence in animation, he was called "the Walt Disney of Eastern Europe", despite the great differences between their works. He received the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal for illustrators in 1968, recognizing his career contribution to children's literature.

Formative years
Jiří Trnka was born in Pilsen, in western Bohemia, where the family lived as middle class citizens. Although his father was a plumber and his mother a dressmaker, both remained very close to their peasant origins. As a child, young Jiří enjoyed sculpting puppets made of wood and put on small shows for friends.

He later attended classes at a vocational school in his hometown, where he met his teacher Josef Skupa, who eventually would become a leading public figure in the world of Czech puppeteers. Skupa was his mentor, entrusted Trnka with certain responsibilities, and managed to convince his family, who were initially reluctant, to allow him to enroll at the prestigious School of Applied Arts in Prague, where he completed his apprenticeship between 1929 and 1935.

Career as illustrator
With the training received in the school of arts and his experience working in a printmaking workshop, Trnka embarked upon a successful career as an illustrator. He was hired by the Prague publishing house Melantrich, and his first illustrated work was Tygr pana Boška (The Tiger of Mr. Bošek) by Vítězslav Šmejc, published in 1937.

From then on, Trnka illustrated numerous children's books. During his life he illustrated 130 works of literature, most of them for children. Especially famous are his illustrations for the tales of the Brothers Grimm, and collections of folktales from Czech authors such as Jiří Horák and Jan Páleníček. Also drawing upon his native folklore are his illustrations for Bajaja by Vladimír Holan, published in 1955, which proved to be the starting point for his future work in animation. In addition to these, Trnka illustrated the tales of Andersen and Perrault, the fables of La Fontaine, The Thousand and One Nights, several works of Shakespeare and Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland.

In some cases his work as illustrator generated his ideas for making animated films, as happened with Bajaja and A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Trnka also created some children's books as writer and illustrator, for example Through the Magic Gate, published in 1962 in London.

The biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available for a writer or illustrator of children's books. Trnka received the Illustrator award in 1968 for his lasting contribution. He also taught: his pupils included Daniela Havlíčková.

Beginnings
After graduating from the Prague School of Arts and Crafts, Trnka created a puppet theater in 1936. This group was dissolved when World War II began, and he instead designed stage sets and illustrated books for children throughout the war. Several years later, at the end of World War II, he founded with Eduard Hofman and Jiří Brdečka the animation studio Bratři v triku. He began his activity in the study of animation by making some 2D animated short films: Zasadil dědek řepu (Grandfather Planted a Beet, 1945); Zvířátka a Petrovští (Animals and Bandits, 1946), which was awarded at the 1st Cannes Film Festival, just one year after he had begun working in films, Pérák a SS (Springman and the SS, 1946), an anti-Nazi film, and Dárek (The Gift, 1946), a satire on the values of the middle class in a style echoing surrealism. Despite his early success, Trnka did not feel comfortable with traditional animation, which in his opinion required too many intermediaries that prevented him from freely expressing his creativity. In the fall of 1946 he first considered puppet animation films, and began to experiment with the help of Břetislav Pojar.

Early films (1947-1950)
The result was his first feature puppet film in a cycle Špalíček (The Czech Year, 1947), based on a book illustrated by Mikoláš Aleš. The cycle consists of six short films, which put on stage the legends and customs of his country: Carnival (Masopust), spring (Jaro), the legend of St. Procopius (Legenda or svatem Prokopu), the procession (Pout), party in the village (Posviceni) and Bethlehem (Betlem). The film attracted international attention to Czech animation and gained awards at many festivals, including the Venice Film Festival.

From 1948, the studios of Trnka began to receive subsidies from the government. The next film they produced was Cisaruv Slavik (The Emperor's Nightingale, 1949), based on the 1843 fairy tale "The Nightingale" by Hans Christian Andersen. Unlike the previous, it is a real feature film with one single storyline. The movie also includes real actors (two children, Helena Patrocková and Jaromir Sobota), although only in the prologue that precedes the story itself. The puppets and sets are significantly different from the previous film, given the setting of an idealized imperial China. Cisaruv Slavik also won numerous awards at international festivals across Europe and the United States.

During 1949, Trnka also made three short films with animated puppets: Roman s basou (Story of a Bass, or Novel with Bass), adapted from a story by Anton Chekhov; Certuv mlýn (The Devil's Mill), based on a Czech fairy-tale, and Arie prerie (Song of the Prairie), a western parody loosely based on Stagecoach (known in Trnka's country as The Diligence) by John Ford.

The following year he produced his third feature animation with puppets, Bajaja (The Prince Bayaya, 1950), based on two stories by writer Božena Němcová. Set in a fantastical medieval time, it is the story of a farmer who succeeds in becoming a knight, defeats a dragon, and wins the love of a princess.

The fifties
During the first half of the next decade, Trnka experimented with new techniques in his short animations. He returned to the cartoon O zlaté rybce (The Golden Fish, 1951), and animated shadow puppets in Dva mrazíci (1953). In Veselý Circus (The Merry Circus, 1951) he used a technique that involved stop-motion with two-dimensional paper cutouts. He neglected, however, the production of any animated feature-length puppet film. Apparently, for a time he had the idea of making a film about Don Quixote, but the project was not well received by the Czechoslovakian authorities. In 1953 he premiered Staré pověsti české (Old Czech Legends, 1953), his quarter-length movie. As with Špalíček, his first feature, Staré pověsti české is structured in seven episodes that tell the legendary history of the Czech people. The film is adapted from a work by Alois Jirásek (1851-1930), then a popular author among the Czech youth, and has an obvious patriotic tone.

In the same vein of exploring the classics of Czech literature, Trnka in 1955 faced the challenge of adapting to the screen a work immensely popular, the anti-war satire Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války of Jaroslav Hašek (The Good Soldier Švejk). At that time there already existed film adaptations of this work made using real actors, but Trnka was the first to make an animated film about the character. For the construction of the puppets, Trnka was inspired by the illustrations for the original book made by Josef Lada, which in the popular imagination were closely associated with the characters of Hašek. This humorous film is divided into three episodes, which tell the grotesque adventures of Švejk during World War I. It received several awards at international festivals.

In 1959 he made his last feature film: Sen noci svatojánské (A Midsummer Night's Dream, 1959), adapted from one of the most famous works of William Shakespeare. Trnka had previously illustrated this book so he knew it well. In his adaptation he gave focus not only to the images, but also to the music of Václav Trojan, and strove to give the film an air of ballet, for which he hired a renowned dancer as an adviser. The puppets used in the film were not constructed of wood, but of a specially-made plastic, which allowed for a more detailed modeling of faces. Although it did not escape some criticism, Sen noci svatojánské was a resounding international success and is recognized as one of Trnka's masterpieces.

The sixties
Over the next decade, the filmmaker made only a few short films, which were progressively in a pessimistic tone. The first was Vášeň (The Passion, 1962), the story of a young man passionate about his motorcycle. He followed that same year with Kybernetická babička (Cyber Grandma), a satire on the increasing importance of technology in everyday life. Archanděl Gabriel a paní Husa (The Archangel Gabriel and Ms Goose, 1964), set in medieval Venice, adapts one of the stories of the Decameron by Boccaccio.

He considered his greatest work to be the short Ruka (The Hand, 1965), his last film. In the words of Bendazzi, Ruka is "a kind of hymn to the creative freedom raging." In short, it is about a sculptor visited by a huge hand, which seeks the completion of a sculpture of itself. By rejecting the imposition, the artist is constantly pursued by the hand, ending with induced suicide and the hand officiating at his funeral. Ruka is considered a protest against the conditions imposed by the Czechoslovak communist state to artistic creation, and even some have seen in it an anticipation of the so-called Prague Spring. Although the film initially had no problems with censorship, after his death copies were confiscated and banned from public display in Czechoslovakia for two decades.

Death
Jiří Trnka died of complications from a heart condition in 1969 when he was only 57 years old, in Prague. His funeral, held in Pilsen, was a large public event.

Animation techniques
Throughout his career Trnka experimented with different animation techniques, from traditional cartoons in his first shorts to animation with shadow puppets. However, his preferred method, and that which gave him worldwide fame, was stop-motion puppet work. His carved puppet characters were animated in complex sets with an expressive use of lighting. In this manner he was able to realize the dream of Czech baroque sculptors to set their sculptures in motion. Of puppet films Trnka said:
 * Puppet films are truly unlimited in their possibilities: they can express themselves with the greatest force precisely when the realistic expression of the cinematographic image often faces insurmountable obstacles.

Really Trnka was not involved so much with the animation itself, but primarily on the development of scripts and puppet making. His studio had a trained team of animators, among which especially Bretislav Pojar was credited as responsible for the animation of many of Trnka's films. Other prominent animators from Trnka's studios were Stanislav Latal Trnka, Jan Karpas, Sramek Bohuslav, Frantisek Zdenek Hrabar and František Braun.

Although animated films with puppets had already been made before Trnka, he corresponds to the main thrust of this technique, later used in many parts of the world. Unlike what had been done before, Trnka chose not to alter the appearance of the dolls with artificial elements to denote their emotions but to keep it unchanged, getting his expression through changes in framing and lighting. According to Pojar:
 * He always gave his eyes a look indefinable. With the simple turn of their heads, or with a change of lighting, rose smiling expressions, or unhappy, or dreamers. This gave one the impression that the puppet hid more than it showed, and its heart of wood stored even more.

The scripts of the films were also Trnka's own work, who often used works of Czech authors (many of them related to popular folklore), as well as classics of world literature, such as Chekhov, Boccaccio, and Shakespeare.

In Trnka animated films the music also had an important role. In all his films and several of his short films, the composer of the music was Vaclav Trojan (1905-1983).

Short films

 * Zasadil dědek řepu (My grandfather planted a beet, January 1, 1945). Cartoon.
 * Pérák a SS (Springman and the SS, December 20, 1946). Cartoon.
 * Dárek (The Gift, September 12, 1947). Cartoon.
 * Zvířátka a Petrovští (Animals and Bandits, September 12, 1947). Cartoon.
 * Román s basou (Story of a Bass, January 1, 1949).
 * Čertův mlýn (The Devil's Mill, January 1, 1949).
 * Árie prérie (Song of the Prairie, 1949).
 * O zlaté rybce (The Golden Fish, January 1, 1951). Cartoon.
 * Veselý cirkus  (The Merry Circus, January 1, 1951).
 * Dva mrazíci (Two Little Frosts, January 1, 1954)
 * Cirkus Hurvínek (Circus Hurvínek, January 1, 1955).
 * Proč UNESCO? (Why UNESCO?, January 1, 1958). Cartoon.
 * Vášeň (The Passion, January 1, 1962).
 * Kybernetická babička (The Cybernetic Grandma, January 1, 1962).
 * Archanděl Gabriel a paní Husa (The Archangel Gabriel and Mrs. Goose, January 1, 1964).
 * Ruka (The Hand, October 26, 1965).

Feature films

 * Špalíček (The Czech Year, December 13, 1947)
 * Císařův slavík (The Emperor's Nightingale, April 15, 1949)
 * Bajaja (Prince Bayaya, January 26, 1950)
 * Staré pověsti české (Old Czech Legends, September 10, 1953)
 * Dobrý voják Švejk (The Good Soldier Schweik, January 1, 1955)
 * Sen noci svatojánské (A Midsummer Night's Dream, September 25, 1959)

Awards

 * Cannes Short Film of the Year for Zvířátka a Petrovští (1946)

title: Jiří Trnka


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Talk:Idiot

"Dunderhead" listed at Redirects for discussion
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"Idoit" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Idoit. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 February 3 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Un assiolo (talk) 21:40, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

Page is missing usage predating 19th century
This article is focusing on the 19th and 20th century definition which is based from the phycology definition, there is no metion of its use in the bible. 82.69.111.234 (talk) 00:25, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Idiot


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lighan ses Lion

Lighan ses Lion
A description of a non-winning entry in a non-notable interactive fiction competition. "Completely idiosyncratic non-topic" -Key45 00:33, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Hardly more than an idea that someone once had. --LeeHunter 01:39, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's an article about non-notable patent nonsense.  That's a first! Dbenbenn 03:22, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete.  --fvw *  03:29, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * Interesting. Transwiki to Wikisource or move to creator's user page. Alphax (talk) 03:39, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, amounts to original research. Wyss 22:35, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)


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Proprietary colony

Proprietary colonies were a type of colony in English America which existed during the early modern period. In English overseas possessions established from the 17th century onwards, all land in the colonies belonged to the Crown, which held ultimate authority over their management. All English colonies were divided by the Crown via royal charters into one of three types of colony; proprietary colonies, charter colonies and Crown colonies. Under the proprietary system, individuals or companies (often joint-stock companies), known as proprietors, were granted commercial charters by the Crown to establish overseas colonies. These proprietors were then granted the authority to select the governors and other officials in the colony.

This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favour in the English colonial empire due to a variety of reasons, including the gradual sociopolitical stabilisation of England's American colonies, the easing of bureaucratic difficulties in managing the colonies and increasing economic or administrative difficulties faced by proprietors. Successive English sovereigns sought to solidify their power and authority throughout the empire, and gradually converted all proprietary colonies to Crown colonies, which were administered by officials directly appointed by the Crown. By the 18th century, most former proprietary colonies had been converted into Crown colonies.

Practice
Proprietary colonies in America were governed by a lord proprietor, who, holding authority by virtue of a royal charter, usually exercised that authority almost as an independent sovereign. These colonies were distinct from Crown colonies in that they were commercial enterprises established under authority of the crown. Proprietary governors had legal responsibilities over the colony as well as responsibilities to shareholders to ensure the security of their investments.

Many never even visited the colonies they owned. By the early 18th century, nearly all of the proprietary colonies had either or else had significant limitations placed on them by the crown.

The Caribbean

 * Barbados

British America colonies before the American Revolution
The provinces of Maryland, Carolina and several other colonies in the Americas were initially established under the proprietary system.

King Charles II used the proprietary solution to reward allies and focus his own attention on Britain itself. He offered his friends colonial charters which facilitated private investment and colonial self-government. The charters made the proprietor the effective ruler, albeit one ultimately responsible to English Law and the King. Charles II gave the former Dutch colony New Netherlands to his younger brother The Duke of York, who established the Province of New York. He gave an area to William Penn who established the Province of Pennsylvania.

The British America colonies before the American Revolution consisted of 20 colonies on the continent's mainland. After the conflict, thirteen of those became states of the United States of America. By the time of the Revolution some had consolidated multiple grants, while others, such as conflicting claims to what became the state of Vermont and the western borders of numerous states, including New York and Virginia, as well as the sovereignty of what became the state of Maine in 1820, remained unresolved well after.

Historical precedent
In medieval times, it was customary in Continental Europe for a sovereign to grant almost regal powers of government to the feudal lords of his border districts to prevent foreign invasion. Those districts or manors were often called palatinates or counties palatine because the lord wielded the power of the king in his palace. His power was regal in kind but inferior in degree to that of the king.

That type of arrangement had caused many problems in Norman times for certain English border counties. Those territories were known as counties palatine and lasted at least in part to 1830 for good reason: remoteness, poor communications, governance carried out under difficult circumstances. The monarch and the government retained their usual right to separate head and body, figuratively or literally, at any time. (See also the hereditary title marquess.)

French examples
In 1603, Henry IV, the King of France, granted Pierre Du Gua de Monts the exclusive right to colonize lands in North America at a latitude between 40° and 60° North. The King also gave Dugua a monopoly in the fur trade for those territories and named him Lieutenant General for Acadia and New France. In return, Dugua promised to bring 60 new colonists each year to what would be called Acadie. In 1607, the monopoly was revoked, and the colony failed, but in 1608, he sponsored Samuel de Champlain to open a colony at Quebec.

The Îles Glorieuses (Glorioso Islands) were on 2 March 1880 settled and named by the Frenchman Hippolyte Caltaux (b. 1847–d. 1907), who was their proprietor from until 1891. It was only on 23 August 1892 that they were claimed for the French Third Republic, as part of the Indian Ocean colony of French Madagascar. Caltaux again became their proprietor from 1901 to his death. On 26 June 1960, the islands became a regular French possession, administered by the High Commissioner for Réunion. On 3 January 2005, they were transferred to the administrators of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.

title: Proprietary colony


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Drops of Jupiter

Drops of Jupiter is the second studio album by American pop rock band Train, released on March 27, 2001. The album's title is derived from "Drops of Jupiter (Tell Me)", its lead single, which was a hit internationally and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.

The album contains elements of rock, country and indie rock. Besides "Drops of Jupiter (Tell Me)", two other singles were released from this album: "She's on Fire" and "Something More", both of which also achieved some success on the Adult Top 40 chart.

Debuting at #6 in the United States upon its release, it has since been certified 3× platinum by the RIAA in the United States and 2× platinum by the CRIA in Canada. It is the band's best-selling album to date.

A 20th-anniversary edition was released on March 26, 2021.

Critical reception
The album received mixed reviews. AllMusic writer Mark Morgenstein said that "There is nothing cutting edge about Train's Sophomore Effort". He also stated that "Train is a classic rock wannabe band in the mold of Counting Crows, although that's not always a bad thing". Another mixed review appeared in Billboard, which wrote that "The music fails to gain any momentum until track seven, and by then, Train's lucky the listener's still spinning the CD...Let's hope that if Train's given the chance to make a third album, it'll finally fill it with clearly discernable songs."

Rolling Stone Writer Aidin Vaziri had this to say about the album: "Drops of Jupiter, conjuring vivid memories of Recovering The Satellites. The anthemic song is the centerpiece here, showcasing the singer's yearning voice and band's swooping, string-laden melodies, but Train has more to offer. The brooding "Mississippi" presents an intoxicating mix of acoustic guitars and dreamy horns, while "Let It Roll" mixes mournful slide guitars and loose-limbed rhythms in the perfect meeting of blustery earnestness and unapologetic commerciality."

Personnel
Adapted from AllMusic.

Train

 * Pat Monahan - lead vocals, percussion, saxophone, trumpet, vibraphone
 * Jimmy Stafford - lead guitar, backing vocals, mandolin
 * Rob Hotchkiss - rhythm guitar, backing vocals, bass, harmonica
 * Charlie Colin - bass, backing vocals, rhythm guitar
 * Scott Underwood - drums, keyboards, percussion, programming

Additional musicians

 * Paul Buckmaster - conductor, string arrangements, orchestral arrangements
 * Greg Leisz - pedal steel guitar on Drops of Jupiter
 * Brendan O'Brien - keyboards
 * David Campbell - string arrangements
 * Carl Gorodetzky - violin, concertmaster, contractor
 * Suzie Katayama - cello, contractor
 * Chuck Leavell - piano
 * Michael Markman - violin
 * Bob Mason - cello
 * Fleming McWilliams - backing vocals
 * Dan Smith - cello
 * Kris Wilkinson - viola
 * Evan Wilson - viola

Production

 * Tim Devine - A&R
 * Joel Zimmerman - art direction
 * Stephen Saper - authoring
 * Arnie Pustilnik - direction
 * David Bryant - engineer
 * Steve Churchyard - engineer
 * Nick DiDia - engineer
 * Ryan Williams - engineer
 * Karl Egsieker - assistant engineer
 * Steve Genewick - assistant engineer
 * Tony Hernandez- illustrations
 * Bob Ludwig - mastering
 * Ralf Strathmann - photography
 * Brendan O'Brien - producer, mixing
 * Erin Haley - production coordination
 * Cheryl Mondello - production coordination
 * Dakota Weir - Lead singer

title: Drops of Jupiter


text:
Mu Online

MU Online (뮤 온라인) is an Isometric medieval fantasy MMORPG, produced by Webzen, a Korean gaming company. It was introduced in 2001, and is still being supported and updated in 2024.

Gameplay
MU Online was created in December 2001 by the Korean gaming company Webzen Inc. Like most MMORPGs, players create a character among nine different classes and set foot on the MU Continent. To gain experience and thus level up, a player needs to fight monsters (mobs). MU is populated by a large variety of monsters, from simple ones like goblins and golems, to more challenging ones such as the Gorgon, Kundun or Selupan. Each monster type is unique, has different spawn points, and drops different items. Outside of a duel, PvP fighting is possible but discouraged. When one player attacks another, a self-defense system is activated, in which the attacked player may kill the aggressor within a time limit. Self-defense is also activated when a player attacks an Elf's summoned creature. Outlaws have disadvantages during gameplay, depending on their Outlaw level.

Character classes
At the start of the game the players can choose between 13 different character classes - Dark Wizard, Dark Knight, Elf, Summoner, Rage Fighter, Magic Gladiator, Dark Lord, Grow Lancer, Rune Wizard, Slaicer, Gun Crusher, White Mage Kundun, Mage Lemuria, Illusion Knight. Players can unlock two classes if they reach a certain level with one character: Magic Gladiator, and Dark Lord. Also, character cards can be purchased in order to unlock more character classes. Each class has its specific powers and items. As characters level up and complete quests, they can transform themselves into stronger classes. Each progressive class change grants, gain access to new spells, skills, weapons and wings as well as an associated change in appearance.

Spells and skills
Like most MMO games, characters in MU can use many different kinds of magic and special abilities. Each character has its own set of spells, and some weapons may be enchanted to provide the character with a specific spell. Casting a spell costs MP (mana, or magic points) and sometimes AG or stamina.

Communications
Mu Online has a built-in chat system that allows all visible players to communicate easily via text. Users can add custom players to their Friends List in order to make it easy to keep in contact with one another. Other methods of chat were also available, such as Guild chat and Party chat.

Cooperative play
Players can choose to team up with other players in a "party", in which players cooperate against enemy monsters to share exp and loot. Early seasons of the game encouraged party play by rewarding the player with the highest level more experience points for helping lower-level players. Players could not see the level of other players in the party, but because spending character points on vitality was highly discouraged, players could guess quite accurately the level of other players by seeing their health bars. Some builds were made for parties only, like the part elf, which focused on filling up the energy stat, being protected by a summoned mob, and buffing party members.

Sequels

 * MU Legend was released in August 2018 free on Steam via Valofe
 * MU Origin was released in 2016
 * MU Origin 2 was updated May 2022 on Google Play, with versions uploaded by GameNow and Webzen
 * MU Origin 3 was updated June 2022 on Google Play by FingerFun

title: Mu Online


text:
Second party

Second party may refer to:

 * party of the second part in civil litigation
 * Second-party source, in a commercial transaction
 * Second person singular or Second person plural, in linguistics

title: Second party


text:
U.S. Bank Stadium station

U.S. Bank Stadium station (formerly Downtown East/Metrodome (2004–13) and Downtown East (2014–16)) is a light rail station on the Metro Blue Line and Green Line in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

The station is located next to U.S. Bank Stadium, where the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome plaza used to be at the east end of downtown Minneapolis. It is a side-platform station. Service began at this station when the Blue Line opened on June 26, 2004.

In March 2016, the station was renamed to U.S. Bank Stadium station, after the new stadium planned for the Minnesota Vikings; for the station's naming rights, Metro will receive $300,000 annually from the Minnesota Sports Facilities Authority and the team in the form of in-stadium promotions, advertising and marketing support to encourage transit ridership to stadium events.

Services and connections
The station is served by METRO Green and Blue Lines. It is the primary transfer point between the two lines, as it is the last east/south-bound station shared by the two. Green Line trains feature posters reminding airport-bound passengers to change to the Blue Line at Downtown East.

During sporting events at the Metrodome, large crowds used to line up to use the trains. It would take up to an hour for the platforms to return to normal after a big game.

Prior to the opening of the METRO Green Line, the station was the main stop for students traveling to the East Bank and West Bank campuses of the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, as a few frequent bus routes ran to campus nearby. Today, the METRO Green Line light rail runs between Minneapolis and St. Paul and now provides a direct connection to the university. Among buses, only Route 3 now serves the station.

Pedestrian bridge
The Metrodome was torn down in 2014 in preparation for the construction of US Bank Stadium which opened in 2016. A pedestrian bridge to carry US Bank Stadium attendees across the light rail tracks was first approved by the Metropolitan Council in 2015. When the cost was estimated at $7 million in 2015, the Vikings agreed to pay for half of the cost. Bids to construct the bridge were significantly higher than expected boosting the estimated cost to $9.7 million by November 2015. A tight timeline for construction and the impending opening of the stadium in summer 2016 resulted in reduced interest from bidders. The bridge ultimately cost $10.6 million to construct after last minute changes were made to the design.

Signalling
East of this station, past the crossing of 4th Street and Chicago Avenue, trains enter the segment of the line where automatic block signaling (ABS) is used. In contrast, light rail vehicles must obey stop lights in the downtown region. The rail line uses a system of lights which display either vertical or horizontal white bars to the train operator.

The two METRO lines split east of the station, over Interstate 35W.

Art
A major feature of the site is a set of large ornamental arches and the plaza paving design, by artist Andrew Leicester, which stand next to the station. They are meant to reflect the Stone Arch Bridge, a major landmark of the city that crosses the Mississippi River a few blocks away. The patterns in the brickwork are meant to reflect fabric designs worn by 19th century immigrants in the Elliot Park neighborhood.

Notable places nearby

 * Downtown East Commons
 * Guthrie Theater (3 blocks)
 * Hennepin County Medical Center (2 blocks)
 * Hiawatha LRT Trail
 * Minneapolis Armory (1 block)
 * Former Star Tribune Headquarters (1 block)
 * Mill City Museum (3 blocks)
 * Samatar Crossing
 * U.S. Bank Stadium

title: U.S. Bank Stadium station


text: User talk:84.66.32.117

title: User talk:84.66.32.117


text:
Morcote

Morcote is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Ticino situated about 10 kilometres from Lugano in the district of Lugano on the shore of Lake Lugano.

History

Morcote is first mentioned historically in 926 as Murcau, which comes from the Latin Morae caput, meaning head of the hill. In 1353 it was mentioned as Murchoe and again in 1453 as Murchote.

Starting around 1100, Morcote was home to a castle that was built to guard and control commerce on the lake. Until the dam was built in Melide in 1847, Morcote was the largest port on Lake Lugano. Goods from northern Italy were shipped across the lake to the rest of Ticino. In 1422 the town was granted privileges by the Duke of Milan, which included the rights to impose taxes, self-government, independent fishing and the right to hold markets. After the plague year of 1432, only seven families survived in the town. The town was often caught between the rival powers of Milan and Como as they fought for control in Lombardy. In 1517 the region came under the control of the Old Swiss Confederation, and was added to the Vogtei of Lugano. However Morcote retained extensive rights, including judicial and tax autonomy as well as fishing rights over the entire lake.

During the Late Middle Ages the major industries of Morcote included fishing, farming and shipping. During the end of the Middle Ages, artists began to move into the town as well. In 1583 the town had a self-supporting parish established in the parish church Santa Maria del Sasso, which dated from the 13th century.

In 1862, seven houses slid into the lake.

During the 19th century tourism grew into a major industry in Morcote. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, wine production and handicrafts have been added to tourism.

Geography
Morcote has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of. Of this area, about 2.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 81.5% is forested and 16.0% is settled (buildings or roads). In the 2004/09 survey a total of 37 ha or about 13.3% of the total area was covered only with buildings, an increase of 5 ha over the 1983 amount. About 0.72% of the total area is recreational space. Of the agricultural land, 2 ha is used for orchards and vineyards, 5 ha is fields and grasslands and 3 ha consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1983 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 5 ha. Over the same time period the amount of forested land has increased by 1 ha. Despite being on the lake, the borders of the municipality do not include any rivers or lakes.

The municipality is located in the Lugano district, between Lake Lugano and Monte Arbostora. It consists of the village of Morcote, the village of Vico until 1803 and between 1803–16, Carabietta.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess gules a shepherdess sitting on a garb all argent and vert a sow and her piglets also argent.

Heritage sites of national significance
The Chapel of S. Antonio Abate with its monumental staircase, the Parish Church of S. Maria del Sasso with Oratory, the Cimitero monumentale (Cemetery) and Scherrer Park are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Morcote is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Sites
The church of Santa Maria del Sasso was probably built in the 13th century. It was completely rebuilt in 1462 in the style of the Renaissance. In 1758 it was renovated in the Baroque style, while in the 18th century a monumental staircase was added to the front of the church. The church tower was built in the Middle Ages and made taller during the 16th century. The church contains several valuable frescos from the 16th and 17th centuries including one painting that is dated to 1513. The sacramental chapel contains carvings from 1591 and paintings from 1611. In the chapel on the opposite side contains an example of illusionistic architecture painting from the 18th century.

Near the church is the Chapel Sant'Antonio da Padova which was built in 1676 with an unusual octagonal floor plan and dome.

In 1750, a large cemetery was added near the church. In the terraced cemetery overlooking the lake, many artists are buried, among them Alexander Moissi, actor, Georges Baklanoff, Russian baritone, Georg Kaiser, German author, and Eugen d’Albert, German composer and pianist.

The chapel of Sant'Antonio Abate, consecrated before 1591, was originally a hospice run by the Antonines order of Vienna. The interior houses several frescoes from a 15th-century master artist from Seregno, as well as other newer paintings.

The arcades along the lake shore date partly from the Late Middle Ages and include several noble houses from the 16th to 18th centuries. One of the most interesting is the Palazzo Paleari, which was built in 1483 and renovated in 1661.

In 1965, Scherrer Gardens, the former home of wealthy St. Gallen textile merchant, was opened to the public. The gardens are rich with luxurious subtropical vegetation and many kinds of buildings and art, both original and copies from all over the world. The gardens include palm trees, camellias, wisteria and oleanders, cedar and cypress trees, camphor and eucalyptus, magnolias and azaleas, orange and lemon trees, bamboo and many other kinds of fragrant plants.

Demographics
Morcote has a population of. , 42.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. In 2015 a large minority (159 or 20.7% of the population) was born in Italy. Over the last 6 years (2010-2016) the population has changed at a rate of 4.57%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2016, was 14.4, while the death rate was 9.2 per thousand residents.

Most of the population speaks Italian (70.2%), with German being second most common (18.8%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (3.8%). Of the Swiss national languages, 142 speak German, 14 people speak French, 529 people speak Italian, and 2 people speak Romansh. The remainder (67 people) speak another language.

, the gender distribution of the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 229 Swiss men (30.7% of the population), and 125 (16.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 270 Swiss women (36.2%), and 122 (16.4%) non-Swiss women.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 12.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 60.7% of the population and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 26.7%. The population of Morcote is older than average and has fewer children and teenagers. In 2015 there were 205 residents who were over 65 years old (26.7% vs 18% nationally). There were only 54 children under 10 and 43 teenagers under 20 (only 12.6% of the population under 20 vs 20.1% nationally). In 2015 there were 281 single residents, 373 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 50 widows or widowers and 65 divorced residents.

In 2016 there were 403 private households in Morcote with an average household size of 1.84 persons. In 2015 about 66.6% of all buildings in the municipality were single family homes, which is about the same as the percentage in the canton (68.1%) and greater than the percentage nationally (57.4%). Of the 394 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 71.6% were single family homes and 21.8% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 4.1% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 1.8% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2015 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 10.4. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.54%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Notable people

 * Domenico Rossi (1657 in Morcote – 1737) a Swiss-Italian architect
 * Davide Antonio Fossati (1708 in Morcote - 1795) a painter and etcher

Politics
In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the FDP with 49.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Ticino League (14.2%), the SVP (13.2%) and the SP (10.8%). In the federal election, a total of 245 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 59.3%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011., while the percentage that the SP dropped from 18.1% to 10.8%.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 49.18% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (18.65%), the SVP (12.94%) and the Ticino League (7.36%). In the federal election, a total of 205 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.0%.

In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 446 registered voters in Morcote, of which 297 or 66.6% voted. 5 blank ballots and 1 null ballot were cast, leaving 291 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 148 or 50.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the SSI (with 45 or 15.5%), the PS (with 44 or 15.1%) and the PPD+GenGiova (with 14 or 4.8%).

In the Consiglio di Stato election, 5 blank ballots and 1 null ballot were cast, leaving 291 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 139 or 47.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 56 or 19.2%), the SSI (with 38 or 13.1%) and the LEGA (with 35 or 12.0%).

Economy
Morcote is classed as a high-income community. The municipality is part of the agglomeration of Lugano.

, there were a total of 239 people employed in the municipality. There were no jobs or businesses in the primary economic sector in the municipality. The secondary sector employed 41 workers in seven separate businesses, of which one employed 30 of the workers. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 198 jobs in 69 businesses, of which one employed 73 workers.

In 2016 a total of 10.4% of the population received social assistance. In 2011 the unemployment rate in the municipality was 3.8%.

In 2015 local hotels had a total of 3,008 overnight stays, of which 32.8% were international visitors.

In 2015 the average cantonal, municipal and church tax rate in the municipality for a couple with two children making CHF80,000 was 2.2% while the rate for a single person making CHF150,000 was 14.9%. The canton has one of the lowest average tax rates for those making CHF80,000 and an average rate for those making CHF150,000. In 2013 the average income in the municipality per tax payer was CHF87,232 and the per person average was CHF63,419, which is greater than the cantonal averages of CHF76,339 and CHF33,527 respectively It is also greater than the national per tax payer average of CHF82,682 and the per person average of CHF35,825.

The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 24.5% of the workforce coming into Morcote are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.9% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 6.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.5% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 555 or 73.6% were Roman Catholic, while 87 or 11.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. There are 92 individuals (or about 12.20% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 20 individuals (or about 2.65% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Morcote about 74% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

In Morcote there were a total of 69 students. The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Morcote there were 6 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 17 students attended the standard primary schools and 2 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There were 16 students in the two-year middle school, while 9 students were in the four-year advanced program.

The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 11 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 5 who attend part-time.

The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 3 students in the professional program.

, there were 14 students in Morcote who came from another municipality, while 52 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

title: Morcote


text: User talk:68.76.159.105

title: User talk:68.76.159.105


text:
Crowsnest Pass, Alberta

The Municipality of Crowsnest Pass is a specialized municipality in southwest Alberta, Canada. Within the Rocky Mountains adjacent to the eponymous Crowsnest Pass, the municipality formed as a result of the 1979 amalgamation of five municipalities – the Village of Bellevue, the Town of Blairmore, the Town of Coleman, the Village of Frank, and Improvement District No. 5, which included the Hamlet of Hillcrest and numerous other unincorporated communities.

History
The communities in Crowsnest Pass owe their existence to coal mining. The first coal mine in the area opened in 1900. Its ethnic and cultural diversity comes from the many European and other immigrants attracted to the area by the mines. Through the years, coal mining suffered from fluctuating coal prices, bitter strikes, and underground accidents. All the mines on the Alberta side of the pass closed throughout the 20th century as cheaper with the opening of safer open-pit mines on the British Columbia side of the pass. An operating coal mine just across the British Columbia boundary in Sparwood continues to provide employment for residents living in the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass.

Crowsnest Pass is known for tragedy. In 1903, the tip of Turtle Mountain broke loose and decimated part of the Village of Frank. The event was heralded as the Frank Slide). In 1914, the Hillcrest mine disaster occurred near Hillcrest, killing 189 people. Spring floods occurred in 1923 and 1942. Periodic forest fires have swept the valley, including one in the summer of 2003 that threatened the entire municipality.

The area was a centre for "rum-running" during prohibition, from 1916 to 1923, when liquor was illegally brought across the provincial boundary from British Columbia. The legacy is celebrated at the restored Alberta Provincial Police Barracks, which is now an interpretive centre.

On November 3, 1978, the Government of Alberta passed the Crowsnest Pass Municipal Unification Act, which led to the formal amalgamation of Bellevue, Blairmore, Coleman, Frank, and Improvement District (ID) No. 5 on January 1, 1979. The new municipality was granted town status and named the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass. A review of the amalgamation in 1983 concluded that the unification led to improved municipal services and housing within the new municipality.

In the mid-1990s, the adjacent ID No. 6 was carved up with portions going to the MD of Pincher Creek No. 9 on December 31, 1994, the MD of Ranchland No. 66 on January 1, 1995, and ID No. 40 on December 31, 1995. Crowsnest Pass then amalgamated with the remainder of ID No. 6 on January 1, 1996, while ID No. 40 was absorbed by the MD of Pincher Creek No. 9 on the same date. The amalgamated municipality retained the name Municipality of Crowsnest Pass and its town status. It subsequently became a specialized municipality on January 16, 2008. The purpose of the status change was to enable membership in the Alberta Association of Municipal Districts and Counties for increased alignment with its neighbouring rural municipalities.

Geography
The Municipality of Crowsnest Pass is in the southwest portion of the province of Alberta. It borders the province of British Columbia to the west, the Municipal District (MD) of Ranchland No. 66 to the north, and the MD of Pincher Creek No. 9 to the east and south. The Crowsnest River, which originates from Crowsnest Lake, meanders eastward through the municipality. Parts of the Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve are in the northwest and southern portions of the municipality.

Communities and localities
The following communities are the former municipalities that comprise the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass.
 * Former towns
 * Blairmore
 * Coleman
 * Former villages
 * Bellevue
 * Frank
 * Former improvement districts
 * Improvement District No. 5 (part)
 * Improvement District No. 6 (part)

The following localities are located within the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass.
 * Localities
 * Crowsnest
 * East Kootenay
 * Hazell
 * Hillcrest or Hillcrest Mines
 * Savanna
 * Sentinel (also known as Sentry Siding)

The following are the unincorporated places that were in Improvement District No. 5 prior to the amalgamation that formed the municipality of Crownsest Pass.

 * Carbondale
 * Crowsnest Lake
 * East Coleman

 * Grafton
 * Hazell
 * Hillcrest

 * Sentinel
 * West Side Riverbottom
 * Willow Creek

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass had a population of 5,695 living in 2,759 of its 3,403 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 5,589. With a land area of 370.15 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass had a population of 5,589 living in 2,567 of its 3,225 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2011 population of 5,565. With a land area of 371.44 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Attractions
The Municipality of Crowsnest Pass is home to parts of the Castle Provincial Park in the southeast and the Castle Wildland Provincial Park in the southwest.

Within the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, one can find the Frank Slide Interpretive Centre (Provincial Historic Site), an interpretive display at Leitch Collieries (Provincial Historic Site) near the former Passburg townsite, underground tours of the Bellevue Mine (Provincial Historic Resource), interpretive signs at the Hillcrest Cemetery (Provincial Historic Resource) and both the Crowsnest Museum and Alberta Provincial Police Barracks interpretive centre within Coleman National Historic Site. Pamphlets for self-guided historical walking and driving tours are available throughout the municipality.

The area offers hiking, fishing and mountain-biking in the summer, and in winter snowmobiling, a downhill ski hill (Pass PowderKeg), and a groomed cross-country ski area, and is about 70 km from major ski hills at both Fernie Alpine Resort and Castle Mountain Resort.

title: Crowsnest Pass, Alberta