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A Short History of Pakistan

A Short History of Pakistan is an edited book published by University of Karachi Press and comprises four volumes. The book is edited by Prof Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi and provides a comprehensive account of the history of the Pakistan region and its people from the prehistory leading to the creation of Pakistan and East Pakistan which then became Bangladesh. Complete set of four volumes are sequentially titled as, Book One: Pre-Muslim Period by Ahmad Hasan Dani; Book Two: Muslim Rule under the Sultans by M. Kabir; ''Book Three: The Mughul Empire by Sh. A. Rashid; and, Book Four: Alien Rule and the Rise of Muslim Nationalism by M. A. Rahim et al.''

This book is significant as probably the first serious attempt to paint an overall picture of the early history of Pakistan region. Given that the book deals with periods of history prior to the creation of Pakistan, it has been described as, point of fact, a history of the northern part of the entire Indian subcontinent with special emphasis on the region that presently is Pakistan. Some of the essays have been criticised by peer reviewers as being insufficiently objective about relations between Indian Muslims, Hindus and the British political classes.

Preamble
At the preface, I H Qureshi addresses the common question as to whether it is possible to disentangle the history of Pakistan from the history of India. He maintains that although for certain periods Pakistan shares common history with modern day India, there are periods of regional history with local significance that were actually dominated by the events outside the South Asia, especially in Central Asia and Iranian plateau. There have also been times when the region actually became arbiter of the South Asia's historical destiny.

Book One: Pre-Muslim Period by A.H. Dani
Critique by Arthur Llewellyn Basham: Author of the first volume, Prof A. H. Dani is not only an expert archaeologist and prehistorian, but also an able Sanskrit scholar with a very important study of Indian palaeography to his credit. Its interest for the non-Pakistani reader lies chiefly in the attempt to find common factors in the ancient culture of what is now Pakistan. Although a great treasure of ancient Buddhist artefacts is discovered, no significant specimen of Mauryan Empire and Mauryan art is to be found in Pakistan. Gupta Empire also had little influence here. The book has been praised by Basham as "a work which no sensible Pakistani or Indian could object to or accuse of undue prejudice"

Book Two: Muslim Rule under the Sultans by M. Kabir
Critique by Philip B. Calkins: This volume gives a survey of the history of the Sultanate period. After an introductory chapter which describes some of the sources for the history of the period, nine chapters are devoted to an account of the Sultanate, its Muslim antecedents in Sindh and Afghanistan, and the independent Muslim kingdoms which developed out of it. The final chapter deals with administration, society and culture. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this volume is historiographical rather than historical, since it is part of a series of Pakistan and Muslims since their arrival in the sub-continent. Calkins, calls for a more deeper analysis of the history than presented in this volume. Despite the apparent image of "the official Pakistani point of view" intended to be used as textbook for undergraduate students, the volume should have been able to offer more for those who desire more rudimentary knowledge of sultanate period. He praises the particular aspect of the book as "historigraphical rather than historical".

Book Three: The Mughal Empire by Sh. A. Rashid
Critique by Fritz Lehman: Given that this book is intended as a textbook for Pakistani undergraduates, Shaikh Ahmed Sarhindi predictably appears as the chief preserver of separate Islamic identity in India, yet only a very general and most inadequate description of his ideas and his influence is given. Chapters on Akbar and Aurangzib are the longest and the most revealing. The tone of the book in general is more reasonable and moderate than such earlier publications. Assessment of the Marathas, for example, while unsympathetic is fair to the facts.

Lehman criticises the volume's implications that Muslims living under "Hindu rule" was "the worst disaster in the history of Islam in South Asia", a view he describes as 'consistent with the Two-Nation Theory', but one that he finds "disquieting".

Book Four: Alien Rule and the Rise of Muslim Nationalism by M. A. Rahim et al.
Critique by Aziz Ahmed: Determination of national identity quite understandably tends to be re-evaluation of history. The educator's job is to make such re-evaluation available to the university student. It needs further analysis whether the Hindu officials of the Bengal Nawwabs conspired with the East India Company because they were Hindus or because, like Muslim officials, they were simply greedy.

Ahmad criticises this volume as a "warped subjectivity", and the portrayal of British rule in the region as "merely the lesser weakness of Rahim's historical presentation. His greater weakness is a complete lack of objectivity". According to the reviewer, the book portrays Hindus and the British as "villains" and Muslims as "victims". He further writes that the narrative is "dangerous" for it will not guide younger historians in Pakistan towards proper national self-criticism.

Quotes from the book
"This land and these people have a history which sometimes flows by itself and sometimes it commingles its water with other streams. – Prof I.H. Qureshi"

Editions

 * Qureshi, I.H., 1967, A Short History of Pakistan. University of Karachi Press. (First edition)
 * Qureshi, I.H., 1984, A Short History of Pakistan. University of Karachi.
 * Qureshi, I.H., 1992, A Short History of Pakistan. University of Karachi, pages: 934, Paperback. ISBN 969-404-008-6

title: A Short History of Pakistan


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Category:Kyoto Prefecture

Kyoto Prefecture (京都府; Kyōto-fu) is a prefecture located in the Kansai (also called Kinki) region of Honshū, Japan. The capital is the city of Kyoto.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Kyoto Prefecture


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Category:Okayama Prefecture

Okayama Prefecture (岡山県; Okayama-ken) is a prefecture located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū island, Japan. The capital is the city of Okayama.

title: Category:Okayama Prefecture


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Category:Tochigi Prefecture

Tochigi Prefecture (栃木県 Tochigi-ken) is a prefecture located in the Kantō region on the island of Honshū, Japan. The capital is Utsunomiya.

title: Category:Tochigi Prefecture


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Category:Towns in Aichi Prefecture

Towns in Aichi Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Aichi Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Aichi Prefecture


text:
Category:Towns in Akita Prefecture

Towns in Akita Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Akita Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Akita Prefecture


text:
Category:Towns in Aomori Prefecture

Towns in Aomori Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Aomori Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Aomori Prefecture


text: User talk:80.78.143.19

title: User talk:80.78.143.19


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Category:Towns in Chiba Prefecture

Towns in Chiba Prefecture in the Kantō region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Chiba Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Chiba Prefecture


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Category:Towns in Ehime Prefecture

Towns in Ehime Prefecture in the Shikoku region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Ehime Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Ehime Prefecture


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Biograph

Biograph may refer to:

 * Biograph Company, a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1916
 * An early form of the cinematograph, made by the Biograph Company
 * Biograph girl, a nickname given to some early silent film actresses featured in films of the Biograph Company
 * Biograph Studios, a studio facility and film laboratory complex built in 1912 by the Biograph Company in the Bronx, New York
 * Biograph Theater, a historic Chicago movie theater
 * Biograph Records, a record label founded in 1967 that specialized in American ragtime, jazz, and blues
 * Biograph (album), a 1985 box set compiling music by Bob Dylan
 * The Biograph, a former movie theatre in Washington, D.C.

title: Biograph


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Lecherous Limericks

Lecherous Limericks is the first of several compilations of dirty limericks by celebrated author Isaac Asimov (1920–1992). The book contains 100 limericks. The first limerick in the collection is:"There was a sweet girl of Decatur Who went to sea on a freighter. She was screwed by the master – An utter disaster – But the crew all made up for it later."

Asimov comments in that limerick's introduction that “''This one marked the beginning. I composed it on the Queen Elizabeth II when returning from a visit to Great Britain in June 1974. When I recited it, everyone laughed. Since that time I have been writing down limericks. I wasn't going to let myself forget them and lose laughs.''”

Content

 * 1) "Darkest before dawn"
 * 2) "Frustration"
 * 3) "Independence"
 * 4) "The dangers of drink"
 * 5) "Look, everybody!"
 * 6) "The last straw"
 * 7) "Cops are human, too"
 * 8) "Retribution"
 * 9) "Don't back out now"
 * 10) "Conveneent in a pinch"
 * 11) "Overdoing it"
 * 12) "Modesty victorious"
 * 13) "No time out"
 * 14) "Reward of industry"
 * 15) "Shocking!"
 * 16) "A poor example"
 * 17) "The classic"
 * 18) "A good move"
 * 19) "Ah, those sensitive fingers"
 * 20) "How awful"
 * 21) "Compensation"
 * 22) "Side effect"
 * 23) "A la freud"
 * 24) "Don't breathe"
 * 25) "What a shame!"
 * 26) "Fit for his work"
 * 27) "The cost of ignorance"
 * 28) "The prospective widow"
 * 29) "The stars and stripes forever"
 * 30) "Forethought"
 * 31) "Music lover"
 * 32) "Too bad"
 * 33) "Slow but sure"
 * 34) "Valedictorian"
 * 35) "Ouch!"
 * 36) "Law abiding"
 * 37) "Let's see now"
 * 38) "Therapeutic effect"
 * 39) "Yo heave ho"
 * 40) "One has one's pride"
 * 41) "Heh, heh"
 * 42) "Ooh, la, la"
 * 43) "Pleasant surprise"
 * 44) "Zoological comparison"
 * 45) "Oh, that screaming"
 * 46) "Indecision"
 * 47) "Huh?"
 * 48) "Wagnerian"
 * 49) "Either way"
 * 50) "Hold tight!"
 * 51) "It's only fitting"
 * 52) "More than one way"
 * 53) "Following orders"
 * 54) "Unwieldy"
 * 55) "Disillusionment"
 * 56) "Heartbreak!"
 * 57) "All in a night's work"
 * 58) "Asymmetry"
 * 59) "Reciprocity"
 * 60) "Better than nothing"
 * 61) "Nothing personal"
 * 62) "Next!"
 * 63) "All is not lost"
 * 64) "The economic facts"
 * 65) "Woman's prerogative"
 * 66) "Not foiled!"
 * 67) "Retirement!"
 * 68) "No, it won't"
 * 69) "Age cannot wither"
 * 70) "Well, hardly ever"
 * 71) "Male chauvinist pig"
 * 72) "Too good to use"
 * 73) "Disillusionment"
 * 74) "Watch out behind you"
 * 75) "Now we'll never know"
 * 76) "Never say die"
 * 77) "Scarcely worth it"
 * 78) "Bravo!"
 * 79) "Like this, please"
 * 80) "Making beautiful music"
 * 81) "That's the big dipper, my dear"
 * 82) "No safety in numbers"
 * 83) "Last laugh"
 * 84) "Now hear this!"
 * 85) "Insult added to injury"
 * 86) "Each to his taste"
 * 87) "A natural mistake"
 * 88) "Impatience"
 * 89) "Change of life"
 * 90) "Naturally!"
 * 91) "High standards"
 * 92) "Whatever do you mean?"
 * 93) "For a change"
 * 94) "Nonfunctional"
 * 95) "Too good"
 * 96) "Faster, faster!"
 * 97) "Truth in advertising"
 * 98) "The good doctor"
 * 99) "Order of increasing importance"
 * 100) "And, finally"

Subsequent limerick books by Asimov

 * , collection of 100 poems
 * , collection of 100 poems:
 * "Keep it Up", "Ouch!", "Definition", "The Hard Way", "Hubris", "A Woman's Work", "Idiot!", "Entertainment", "Braggart", "These College Girls", "Only Reasonable", "More Than One Way", "No Hurry", "Inept", "You Did?", "About Time", "Ugly!", "Don't Be Too Sure", "What an Improvement!", "Reasons Enough", "Practical", "To Each His Own", "Reminiscences", "Waste of Time", "Demand", "One More Notch", "Cheapskate", "What Were You Saying?", "Education", "Shame!", "Up-Up-", "Down with Virtue!", "Specialized", "No Favorites", "Silver Lining", "Season's Greetings", "Afraid of the Dark", "Unfeeling", "Exchange Problems", "Not Worth the Trouble", "Next to Godliness", "Ethnic", "No Accounting For Tastes", "Screwples", "Effective", "Bravo!", "Better Than Nothint", "The Better Alternative", "To Each Her Own", "Foreplay", "Opportunist", "Economics", "Nonchalance", "Division of Labor", "Drawing the Line", "Grammar", "Unreasonable", "Self-Defeating", "The Male Dream", "Big Mouth", "Disadvantage", "Well, Give In!", "All Talk", "Consequence", "Naughty-Cal", "Stud", "Shortchanged", "Liberal Thinking", "That'll Teach Her", "Compliance", "Weakling", "Poverty", "Emily Post", "Incredible", "Compensation", "Christmas Spirit", "Russian One", "Russian Two", "Russian Three", "Strategy", "The Ayes Have It", "Plural", "Gotcha", "One Way", "It's Not What You Think", "Don't Stop", "Too Late", "Melting", "It's Only Their Duty", "Celibacy", "Don't Miss!", "Safety First", "Repetition", "Practical", "Commencement", "Worthy of Her Hire", "You Never Lose It", "Calisthenics", "Loan", "July 4, 1976"
 * , collection of 60 poems:
 * 'A Study in Scarlet", "The Sign of the Four", "A Scandal in Bohemia", "The Red-Headed League", "A Case of Identity", "The Boscombe Valley Mystery", "The Five Orange Pips", "The Man with the Twisted Lip", "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle", "The Adventure of the Speckled Band", "The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb", "The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor", "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet", "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches", "Silver Blaze", "The Yellow Face", "The Stockbroker's Clerk", "The 'Gloria Scott", "The Musgrave Ritual", "The Reigate Squires", "The Crooked Man", "The Resident Patient", "The Greek Interpreter", "The Naval Treaty", "The Final Problem", "The Hound of the Baskervilles", "The Adventure of the Empty House", "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder", "The Adventure of the Dancing Men", "The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist", "The Priory School", "The Adventure of Black Peter", "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton", "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons", "The Three Students", "The Golden Pince-Nez", "The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter", "The Adventure of the Abbey Grange", "The Adventure of the Second Stain", "The Valley of Fear", "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge", "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box", "The Adventure of the Red Circle", "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans", "The Adventure of the Dying Detective", "The Disappearance of Lady Frances Carfax", "The Adventure of the Devil's Foot", "His Last Bow", "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client", "The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier", "The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone", "The Adventure of the Three Gables", "The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire", "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs", "The Problem of Thor Bridge", "The Creeping Man", "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", "The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger", "The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place", "The Adventure of the Retired Colourman"
 * Limericks: Two Gross series:
 * , collection of 299 poems
 * , collection of 288 poems
 * , collection of 48 poems

title: Lecherous Limericks


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Category:Towns in Fukui Prefecture

Towns in Fukui Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Fukui Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Fukui Prefecture


text:
Category:Towns in Fukuoka Prefecture

Towns in Fukuoka Prefecture in the Kyūshū region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Fukuoka Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Fukuoka Prefecture


text:
Category:Towns in Fukushima Prefecture

Towns in Fukushima Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Fukushima Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Fukushima Prefecture


text:
Category:Towns in Gifu Prefecture

Towns in Gifu Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Gifu Prefecture.

title: Category:Towns in Gifu Prefecture


text:
Category:Villages in Akita Prefecture

Villages in Akita Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Akita Prefecture.

title: Category:Villages in Akita Prefecture


text:
Category:Villages in Chiba Prefecture

Villages in Chiba Prefecture in the Kantō region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Chiba Prefecture.

title: Category:Villages in Chiba Prefecture


text:
The Young Snakes

The Young Snakes were an American rock band formed in Boston in the early 1980s.

The lead singer and bassist, Aimee Mann, formed the group after she dropped out of Berklee College of Music along with the guitarist and singer Doug Vargas and the drummer Dave Bass Brown. Brown left the band in the fall of 1981 to help form the Boston hardcore punk band Negative FX, and was replaced by the former D Club drummer Mike Evans.

After releasing the song "Brains and Eggs" on the Modern Method compilation A Wicked Good Time, the band released a five-song EP, 1982’s Bark Along with The Young Snakes, on Ambiguous Records. The compilation album Aimee Mann & The Young Snakes, released in 2004, included "Brains and Eggs" and a radio performance, but not the Bark Along tracks.

Mann described the band as "a little punk noise-art outfit", noting that the group’s "break every rule" ethos became a rule in itself, and that her later band 'Til Tuesday was a rebellion against the Young Snakes’ lack of interest in "sweetness and melody." Mann was unhappy in the band, saying the other members objected to her writing love songs or music they considered too melodic.

Discography

 * Bark Along with The Young Snakes (EP, 1982)
 * Aimee Mann & The Young Snakes (compilation, released 2004)

title: The Young Snakes


text:
Category:Villages in Fukushima Prefecture

Villages in Fukushima Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan.

Also see Category:Dissolved municipalities of Fukushima Prefecture.


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Category:Wakayama Prefecture

Wakayama Prefecture (和歌山県; Wakayama-ken) is a prefecture located on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai (also called Kinki) region on the island of Honshū, Japan. The capital is the city of Wakayama.

title: Category:Wakayama Prefecture


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1996 Major League Soccer season

The 1996 Major League Soccer season was the inaugural season of Major League Soccer. It was the 84th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer in the United States, and the 18th with a national first-division league.

Preparation for first season
Major League Soccer had originally intended to begin competitive action in 1995. Various difficulties forced the league to postpone its first season until 1996. In preparation for its first season, the league began signing what it called marquee players, beginning with Tab Ramos on January 3, 1995. Beginning in October 1995, the league apportioned the marquee players in the MLS Inaugural Allocations. Each team received two national team and two foreign players in the allocation. The league then invited about 250 players to a tryout the second week of January 1996 on the campus of UC Irvine. On February 6 and 7, 1996, the league held its 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft in which the ten teams selected 160 players over sixteen rounds. The Columbus Crew selected Brian McBride with the first pick of the draft. On March 4, 1996, the league then held the 1996 MLS College Draft followed by the 1996 MLS Supplemental Draft later that day. Despite the numerous drafts, the teams were not obligated to sign only players from the drafts.

Preseason
The preseason began the first week of March. The teams reduced their rosters to twenty-two players by March 25 and had to make a final roster reduction to eighteen by April 15. The teams had a $1,200,000 salary cap with no player allowed to receive more than $192,500. In order to promote American players, teams were limited to five foreigners on the roster.

Season
Each of the 10 MLS teams played 32 games. A regulation win was worth three points, a shootout win one point, and zero points for a loss in any manner. Fear of alienating fans with tied games had led the league to adopting the shootout when games ended even. The league also adopted a countdown clock instead of running clock, unlike IFAB's standards. The league also divided the teams equally into two conferences – Eastern and Western.

The league began its first season on Saturday, April 6, 1996, when the San Jose Clash hosted D.C. United at Spartan Stadium. ESPN carried the game live which the Clash won on a goal by Eric Wynalda. That goal was selected as the Goal of the Year. The regular season ended on September 22. The playoffs began two days later.

Bracket

 * Best of Three series winners will advance.

Conference semifinals
Eastern Conference

 * D.C. United wins series 2–1, advances to Conference finals.

 * Tampa Bay Mutiny wins series 2–1, advances to Conference finals.

Western Conference

 * Kansas City Wiz wins series 2–1, advances to Conference finals.

 * Los Angeles Galaxy wins series 2–1, advances to Conference finals.

Conference finals
Eastern Conference

 * D.C. United wins series 2–0, advances to MLS Cup.

Western Conference

 * Los Angeles Galaxy wins series 2–0, advances to MLS Cup.

title: 1996 Major League Soccer season


text:
File:Utagawa modern gengi.jpg

Fuuryuu gengi yuki no nagame (Modern Gengi: viewing in the snow. Section one)

Woodcut by Utagawa Kunisada, left section of a triptych, ca. 1840

http://memory.loc.gov/master/pnp/cph/3g00000/3g08000/3g08400/3g08447u.tif (cropped, adjusted, converted to jpeg)

Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, reproduction number LC-USZC4-8447. There are no known restrictions on material in this collection.

title: File:Utagawa modern gengi.jpg


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Template:FishBase

Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). " ] in FishBase.  version.

title: Template:FishBase


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Talk:Thom space

Is it not firstly the bundle of one-point compactifications, though? I don't see how T(p) is defined.

Charles Matthews 09:21, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I think the answer to your question is yes. If E is a k-vector bundle then T(E) is a k-sphere bundle. So we are taking the one-point compactification of each fiber, remembering that we've only added one new point. About T(p): maybe we need more hypotheses for this. Here is my reasoning. Since E is locally compact Hausdorff it is dense in T(E), and since p: E -> B is continuous there is a unique map T(p) extending p to all of T(E). Am I missing something?

Alodyne 23:53, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Bear with me a moment. Take B a circle and E the trivial bundle BxR. Then what we do is take Bx[0,1] inside E; think of this as an annulus. The usual thing is then to say, take both boundary circles of the annulus and identify them to one point P. We can get this in stages: identify (b,0) first with (b,1), and that's a 2-torus T. Then we collapse a circle on T to the point P. No problem about projecting T to B; but when we collapse the circle? There would have to be some symmetry breaking going on.

Charles Matthews 17:02, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * You are right and see also the below comment. Alodyne 21:21, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Forgive me if I'm being stupid, but I don't see how T(p) : T(E) → B is a sphere bundle. To which point in the base does the "new point" project? In order to get a sphere bundle it seems like it would have to project everywhere (it lies in the "fiber" above every point). -- Fropuff 19:26, 2004 Dec 7 (UTC)

 * I am the one who is stupid; you're absolutely right. So can we agree that T(E) is not so much a bundle over anything (not sure why I ever thought so, at this point...)? And that all references to such should be removed? Alodyne 21:21, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

OK, I see what my problem was. If we do as Charles has suggested above and first take the bundle of one-point compactifications, we do get a sphere bundle. But the Thom complex is the quotient of the total space of the sphere bundle obtained by gluing all the points at infinity together. I edited the definition to reflect this. Thanks both of you for your helpful and timely corrections!

Alodyne 02:19, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Thom isomorphism.
The article attempts to explain the meaning of the Thom isomorphism as follows:

We can loosely interpret the theorem in the following geometric sense. Since E is a vector bundle it retracts onto the base B. So we might suppose that E would be cohomologically equivalent to B. In a way, the theorem bears out this expectation

This is not correct. In a vector bundle the total space $$ E$$ is homotopy equivalent to the base space $$B$$, so these two spaces always have isomorphic cohomology groups. The Thom isomorphism, on the other hand, can be interpreted as a generalization of the suspension isomorphism. For a space $$B$$ the the classical suspension isomorphisms is the isomorphisms $$H^i(B)\cong \tilde H^{n+1}(\Sigma^n B)$$ where $$\Sigma^n B$$ is the $$n$$-fold suspension of $$B$$. For an $$n$$-dimensional vector bundle $$E\to B$$ its Thom space can be understood as an $$n$$-fold suspension of $$B$$, which is however twisted by the structure of the bundle. The Thom isomorphism says that if the bundle is nice enough the twist is not seen by the cohomology theory and the suspension isomorphism still holds. The meaning of "nice" depends here on the cohomology theory at hand. For the singular cohomology with $${\mathbb Z}/2$$-coefficients every vector bundle is "nice", for the integral cohomology theory one needs to assume that bundles are orientable etc. --69.204.54.113 (talk) 05:28, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Funnily enough, I was just reading it now, came across that passage, and wondered, what on earth? Please include your comments into the article itself.  There is no need to be timid.  --C S (talk) 12:24, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

Base points
In the name of precision, I just want to point out that the Thom space of the trival bundle over B is the suspension of B+, B plus a disjoint base-point. I added this to the article. Djcrowley 15:20 6th May 2009 —Preceding undated comment added 13:19, 6 May 2009 (UTC).

Relation between Thom class and Euler class
The pullback of Thom class by zero section is Euler class.Yunzhi (talk) 13:32, 9 October 2009 (UTC)

Notational problem
Not such a great idea to use the same notation for the Thom space — T(M) — that is used for the tangent bundle of the manifold M. Especially in an article like this one where there is constant danger of confusion. Why not Th(M) or Thom(M) or something?2600:1700:E1C0:F340:24A9:18FE:5F8:B9F8 (talk) 22:24, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

 * I agree and will go ahead and change the notation. —- Taku (talk) 23:22, 26 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thom space


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File:Three Dog Night - American Pastime.jpg

Cover for album American Pastime by Three Dog Night.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


text:
Talk:Fairchild Channel F

Image size
Isn't that second blue picture a bit big? I think most in-text pictures are 250 pixels across. Why not this one? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.219.8.18 (talk • contribs) 09:23, 5 December 2004 (UTC)

"Cost"
Is that part about cost in the first paragraph referring to the retail price? If so, it should be changed. Using 'cost' gives the sentence a very different meaning. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.149.173.15 (talk • contribs) 00:41, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Mid importance
First programmable cartridge console? Does this count, or should I kick it down to low? Hbdragon88 06:58, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * It's certainly not a "marquee" system (i.e., the 2600, the NES, the Genesis and SNES), but I think it's equally as important as the Odyssey^2, the MicroVision, and the Virtua Boy - and certainly more important than the game.com :-D It has a substantial section in The Next Quarter, which was a comprehensive 25 year retrospective of videogames. As such, it's a pretty important landmark in the history of video game consoles, even if the years haven't exactly been kind to it. Forgive me for not digging up an ISBN on that, it should be easy to find on Amazon.com, if you're so inclined. --Action Jackson IV 01:25, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

DISCONTINUED
THE YEAR IT WAS DISCONTINUED SHOULD BE LISTED ON ITS 'CARD' NEAR THE TOP RIGHT OF THE PAGE —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.188.17.249 (talk) 04:57, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Tense
The text is in two tenses. Mixing between present and past. It is utterly confusing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.171.15.35 (talk • contribs) 23:43, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Fairchild logo.gif
Image:Fairchild logo.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:43, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

First home console with color output!
If anybody cares to revise the paragraph on the graphical capabilities, please mention that. 84.119.95.11 (talk) 10:57, 7 November 2011 (UTC)
 * That won't be happening, as it's not true. Atari's home PONG (1975) was also in color. --Marty Goldberg (talk) 14:52, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

Market Impact
This whole section does not have one single source, Channel F was indeed a pioneering system, but this is written in a bias perspective. I can't find anything that shows that the Channel F cause Atari to do this. I will leave this for 5 days to see if anyone can find any original sources, otherwise I believe this needs to be deleted. TheKingsTable (talk) 02:46, 17 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Jerry Lawson's contribution?
The first two paragraphs under "The Console" are not cited. So, I did some research on the Channel F and the story of its development is a bit more complicated. It seems a company called ALPEX inveted the prototype that was bought by Fairchild and converted to use their chips. The final product was created by a team of engineers/designers with a lot of patents going to people other than Jerry Lawson. What do you think? Source- http://www.fastcompany.com/3040889/the-untold-story-of-the-invention-of-the-game-cartridge — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.126.193.15 (talk) 19:06, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Not all previous machines required a human opponent
The article claims that "All previous machines required a human opponent". This is simply not true. The PC-50x systems were available from the mid 1970s (see Italian Wikipedia) and had a computer opponent for the "Submarine" game (see the instructions for the game). It wasn't advanced by any means, but it was a computer opponent. -- 82.2.190.177 (talk) 19:06, 22 January 2017 (UTC)

The Submarine cartridge was however not released until December 31:st 1977 according to this information This one says the chip AY-3-8605 was released 1978: — Preceding unsigned comment added by E5frog (talk • contribs) 15:09, 9 July 2018 (UTC)

Sales numbers?
In this quote from a book referenced as [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F#cite_note-jones123-1 It says "By this point..." at what point I don't know but it seems it doesn't present the total sales numbers. It says 350,000 here: https://www.fastcompany.com/3040889/the-untold-story-of-the-invention-of-the-game-cartridge Don't know where the numbers come from but he seems to be very informed about other things, the number is also presented as "Under Fairchild’s stewardship" which probably not includes sales by Zircon. E5frog (talk) 15:28, 21 July 2018 (UTC)

Sold in Japan ?
Really? Is there any proof? A photo circulates in the net showing a setup with a manual that looks like it could be from Japan - but this could also be a fake. And, where does the release date come from? Again, no proof for that. Best regards, Schnurrikowski (talk) 07:39, 27 July 2019 (UTC)

Hey... It's difficult when you're not speaking Japanese, I have a few images from Japanese private sellers. Open manual instruction book as well as front of it and instruction booklets 1,3 and 12. Newspaper advert together with ELETONE 2000 stereo equipment, which is the only character except for prices I understand in that image. Back of videocart 4 with the Japanese label (only difference is box back label and a custom instruction booklet). A set with 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12 but only 1 and 12 has clearly visible Japanese instruction booklets and the back of boxes isn't shown. I have the mentioned photo with the setup. Then an open box showing a system with the back of #1 box with the Japanese label and front of #12 box, Japanese instruction booklet for #2 is shown on top in a plastic wrapper with other booklets. Then a complete setup much like the popular photo together with a TV showing hockey and five loose carts and five Japanese instruction booklets #1, 2, 4, 8, 9 as well as photos of inside instruction booklets of #1, 9 and 12.

I was offered one once but I couldn't afford it at the time and the seller wasn't really willing to ship to Sweden. It's not easy running google translate and trying to navigate on Japanese sales pages. Try googling for Channel F with Japanese characters... Looks like this in the mentioned newspaper ad: チャンネル F I could upload the images somewhere, any ideas?

You can of course question everything, is anything real? How much proof is needed before Wikipedia editors are content? E5frog (talk) 16:40, 27 July 2019 (UTC)

https://twitter.com/henlyh/status/951183441600512001 E5frog (talk) 18:21, 27 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the hint with Japanese symbols :o) I think I could verify the data in a japanese blog. Best regards, Schnurrikowski (talk) 12:06, 28 July 2019 (UTC)

Democart and Release Date sources for most (or all) Videocarts
I'd like to point out that I just removed the Democart from the list of games because it was listed as "released in 1976" and sourced by a book that I happen to have and the source does not support the claim.

In fact, the book makes it very clear the Democart was unreleased, only referencing that the software itself was programmed as early as 1976, but that is NOT its release date.

I should also point out that a lot of the information contained in the book is itself unsourced, and some of it is somewhat questionable, so I'd ask anyone who wishes to use that book as a source to also substantiate it with additional sources. The book alone should not be taken as gospel.

Regardless, when carts were produced to house this software, for some reason, Fairchild decided to give it a copyright of 1977. This is consistent with the rumor that the Democart was actually produced after the console launched because early adopters complained about not understanding how it all worked. However, being a rumor, it should not be added to the Wikipedia article.

As a source, I will leave the following link:

http://www.fndcollectables.com/CHANNEL_F_INFO/U_S_/Carts_Boxs_Labels/DEMOCART_1___2/democart_1___2.html

This shows pictures of the boxes and labels of actual real cartridges. It may help in sourcing the actual release dates of all Videocarts, including the unreleased ones. Raven-14 (talk) 01:05, 28 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Adding this information, to minimize confusion for other Wikipedia editors. Yes, cartridges and boxes for the Democart were PRODUCED. However, they were never RELEASED. That is why they were removed from the "Released" list of games.
 * Adding this information, to minimize confusion for other Wikipedia editors. Yes, cartridges and boxes for the Democart were PRODUCED. However, they were never RELEASED. That is why they were removed from the "Released" list of games.

 * Evidence of this can be found on the book "Before the Crash: Early Video Game History, by Mark Wolf, published in 2012, through Wayne State University Press, where the author clearly states that the Democart was produced but never released.

 * If you think you can prove the author wrong, please, find a reliable source that proves it was released, and not just produced. Until then, this is the best source we have. Hope this clears things up. Thank you.

 * Raven-14 (talk) 05:48, 1 March 2021 (UTC)

Tom Kamifuji
According to the article he is a "nationally known artist", yet there is no wikipedia article, and info on the web is not exactly overabundant. i collect some links here, for a future project, a Tom Kamifuji article. This is only tangentially related to the article, but this is Tom's only mention in an article, so i feel like it fits best here.

 * Mike Cassidy (2008) Marketing pioneer recalls early days of Intel and Apple
 * Aiga Design Archive
 * invaluable Auction website
 * Kristen Gallerneaux (2021) The F stands for Fun, Henry Ford Museum if Innovation
 * Benj Edwards (2015) The Untold Story Of The Invention Of The Game Cartridge, FastCompany
 * DJ Food (2018) 7Up – the UnCola posters
 * More 7up ads on flickr
 * Lisa Hix (2016) An Un-Conventional Thirst: Collecting 7Up's Most Beautiful, Hallucinatory Billboards
 * Graphis Annual 59 (contains a Kaiser Aluminum ad by Kamifuji)
 * Jan Rindfleisch (2014/2017) Roots and Offshoots - The Blossoming of Silicon Valley's Arts Community
 * Exhibition, but not sure if recent or in 1983..?
 * Tom Kamifuji @ MutualArt
 * Poster for ArtExpo1981
 * Discussion of an Apple poster Kamifuji made

Eight degrees of feeedom?
The History section states that the controllers had eight degrees of freedom. This claim seems dubious. The controller seems to allow a 2-axis joystick (x/y) which can also be twisted, and then slid in and out. That would seem to be 4 degrees of freedom at most. Can we get a reference to back up this claim that the controllers had eight degrees of freedom? A decade or so later companies like Spaceball (later Spacetech) sold 6-degree-of-freedom controllers (twist around x, twist around y, twist around z, slide x, slide y, slide z). But 8? In 1976? And if so, again, which degrees? How do we get to 8? 98.217.251.15 (talk) 20:53, 14 September 2022 (UTC)

Hold Button
The function of the Hold Button gets mentioned in the last paragraph on Design and then again two paragraphs later in the centre paragraph of Controllers. I'm not sure what it's doing in there but it's also the one with the better explanation. Since I doubt we need both, which would be better kept? CamphorNoodles (talk) 08:12, 19 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fairchild Channel F


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Wikiclub

Wikiclub
I can't see that this "WikiClub" does anything to benefit the Wikipedia. It helps by getting other users to edit your content (doesn't this, oh, already happen?), evidently gives the user publicity, which we all know is the point of WP (see: vanity). Users also get the "benefit" of the new Points system, which apparently will help us lose weight. Or get money. For other people. By other people? I don't know what the crap is going on there, but Wikipedia is not a video game. We don't want, have or need points. Wait, I get it. You "pay" other users to fix articles. Well, that's not the best way to get it done. Voluntary work will always be better than that which is forced on WikiClub members. I'm sorry, I can't see a point to this. As the original author says; "At the present time relatively few Wikipedians are using this page regularly, so don't take it too seriously." Shock horror, folks. Delete. - Vague | Rant 09:24, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * In any case it should not exist on the main namespace, it's not encyclopedic, it deals with the wiki community. I suggest to the author to copy the content of this page to an extension of your userpage, and to discuss the idea with others on the Village pump. That way you can both advertise, and get an idea of how people would respond to such a club. Delete from main article space. --Woggly 10:07, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete after expiration of VfD discussion period, or as soon as User:ComputerJoe moves it to a user subpage of his own, whichever comes first. Well-intentioned effort, does not belong in Wikipedia namespace until it has widespread support. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:04, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete as an early Xmas present please delete my scheme A.S.A.P. --Computerjoe 15:11, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete: The first rule of Wikiclub is that you don't talk about Wikiclub!  Not really appropriate in namespace, and not a particularly necessary effort, though I'm sure its intentions were fine. Geogre 15:20, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not something I would want to join, but that is not a reason to delete.  --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 15:26, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC) Noting that Computerjoe is asking for his own club page to be delete, we're left with a defunct club.  On that understanding I abstain. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 18:06, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I sure as heck would not join, but why delete it?CiaraBeth 17:14, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as patent nonsense, which Computerjoe now apparently recognizes it to be - Wyss 18:36, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Comment I've relocated it to my user page. --Computerjoe 19:05, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)Computerjoe

 * Comment: It'd sure be nice if there was a seperate VfD section for stuff in the Wikipedia: namespace. —[[en:RaD Man|RaD Man (talk)]] 08:50, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't see any reason to delete this. It's not part of the encyclopedia proper, and doesn't serve purposes too much unlike the notice boards for specific regions. There are sillier things in the wikipedia namespace anyhow. --Improv 18:23, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Wasn't there already a Wikibank or something where you could pay users to do edits or write articles? I think any expression of wikilove is appropriate, but not in the article namespace Pedant 23:49, 2004 Dec 10 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 01:33, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Template:FishBase genus

Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. . [] in FishBase. version.

title: Template:FishBase genus


text:
American Pastime

American Pastime is the fourteenth and final album by American rock band Three Dog Night, released in 1976.

Background
It is the band's most recent studio album (as of 2019) and the only one not to feature the founding vocalists (Chuck Negron, Cory Wells, and Danny Hutton) backed up by their long-time band, with some exceptions. It sold poorly and the band broke up in August 1976. Michael Allsup and Floyd Sneed had left the band in late 1974 to form their own group SS Fools, with former Three Dog Night member Joe Schermie, Stan Seymore, Wayne DeVillier, Bobby Kimball, and Jon Smith, to little success. Danny Hutton was fired from TDN in late 1975, and was not present for any of the recording. "Mellow Down", the song Hutton sings lead on, was recorded long before the album was released, and is likely an extra track from a previous album, such as Coming Down Your Way or Hard Labor. He was replaced by Jay Gruska.

Track listing

 * 1) "Everybody's a Masterpiece" (George Clinton, Richard Ira Reicheg) – 2:45
 * 2) "Easy Evil" (Alan O'Day) – 3:38
 * 3) "Billy The Kid" (Billy Lawrie, Marie Lawrie) – 3:41
 * 4) "Mellow Down" (Andy Fairweather-Low) – 3:00
 * 5) "Yellow Beach Umbrella" (Craig Doerge, Judy Henske) – 4:56
 * 6) "Hang On" (Jay Gruska, Jeffrey Spirit) – 4:18
 * 7) "Southbound" (Hoyt Axton, Mark M. Dawson) – 4:11
 * 8) "Drive On, Ride On" (Dobie Gray, Troy Harold Seals) – 3:32
 * 9) "Dance The Night Away" (Bob Carpenter, David James Holster) – 4:41

Personnel

 * Danny Hutton – vocals on one track, not present during recording
 * Chuck Negron – vocals
 * Cory Wells – vocals
 * Jay Gruska – vocals
 * Gavin Christopher – conga
 * Al Ciner – guitar
 * Dan Ferguson – electric guitar
 * Ed Greene – drums
 * Jimmy Greenspoon – keyboard
 * Skip Konte – keyboard, clavinet
 * Mickey McMeel – drums
 * Dennis Belfield – bass
 * Jeff Porcaro – drums
 * Ron Stockert – keyboards, synthesizer bass

Production

 * Producer: Bob Monaco
 * Engineer: Tony Sciarrotta, Scott Spain
 * Arranger: Three Dog Night

Reception
A Cash Box Magazine album review dated April 10, 1976, states "American Pastime takes Three Dog Night in a new direction featuring a collection of tunes ranging from slick production cuts to the ever popular disco beat. Vocals are as clean and distinctive as ever, leaning toward a meticulous pop production. AM programmers will find "Billy the Kid" and "Southbound" prime pop cuts, while "Drive On, Ride On" and "Everybody's A Masterpiece" should appeal to the growing disco market. Some cuts (witness "Easy Evil") will work nicely in easy listening and MOR areas."

Another Record World "Album Picks" review page dated April 17, 1976 gives another view on the album: "This one may come as a surprise to the group's older fans. The mix still focuses on vocal harmonies but the songs are r&b and disco for the most part. "Hang On", "Mellow Down" and "Everybody Is A Masterpiece" are pacesetters, the rhythm section rising in importance as the American pastime continues to dance."

Another Cash Box Magazine "Picks of The Week" singles reviews page dated June 5, 1976 states the following about "Everybody's a Masterpiece", the single released off the album: "A laid-back rock hymn to humanity, this is an intelligent single from Three Dog Night that will serve to broaden its already extensive audience. The instrumentation — particularly the organ fills — is lush, and the vocals are equal to the task. Look for this to show up strong on all pop radio outlets; it's really an affecting tune."

Another Record World "Single Picks" review page dated June 5, 1976, gives another view on the single: "Three Dog Night's vocal prowess remains unquestioned with this, their first effort in some time. To back up its talent, the group has constructed a solid rhythmic pulse and is headed for pop/r&b play."

Charts
Album – Billboard (United States) | RPM (Canada)

Singles

title: American Pastime


text:
Kathy Martin

Kathy Martin may refer to:

 * Kathy Martin (All My Children), a fictional character on the soap opera All My Children
 * Kathy Sullivan (Australian politician) (born 1942), née Martin
 * Kathy Martin (scientist), professor of ornithology

title: Kathy Martin


text: Talk:American Pastime

title: Talk:American Pastime


text:
Hong Kong Stadium

Hong Kong Stadium is the main sports venue of Hong Kong. Redeveloped from the old Government Stadium, it reopened as Hong Kong Stadium in March 1994. It has a maximum seating capacity of 40,000, including 18,260 at the main level, 3,173 at executive level, 18,510 upper-level seats and 57 seats for wheelchair users.

The stadium is located in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong Island, in valley of Caroline Hill. Most international football matches held in Hong Kong are held at this stadium. It is also the location for the Hong Kong Sevens tournament hosted annually. Hong Kong Stadium has also hosted the Rugby World Cup Sevens twice, in 1997 and 2005.The stadium is home to the Hong Kong national football team, Hong Kong national rugby union team and hosts international matches for Hong Kong Premier League club side Kitchee SC.

History
So Kon Po was formerly the burial ground for the 1918 fire at Happy Valley Racecourse. Then the Hong Kong Government moved all the tombs to Aberdeen. The old Government Stadium was a U-shaped constructed by 1953 and had a capacity of 28,000 with partially covered seating.

The old Government Stadium was only partially covered, without sufficient seats or lighting systems. In the 90s, the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club proposed a reconstruction plan so that Hong Kong can have a world class sports stadium.

In 2008, 39,000 people attended the first Bledisloe Cup rugby union match between Australia and New Zealand. In 2010, 26,210 people attended the second Bledisloe Cup rugby union game at the Hong Kong Stadium.

1994 Re-construction and Wembley International
In the early 1990s, the Government Stadium was reconstructed into a 40,000-seat rectangular stadium. No running track was built due to the restricted land size. This forced the schools to look for alternative venues.

The stadium's management contract was won by Wembley International, a foreign subsidiary of Wembley Stadium, against strong competition, in March 1994.

From the first day there have been serious problems with the pitch. The owners of the stadium, the Urban Council, were disappointed. It came under fire from local football officials, sports promoters and even Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, who said, before the exhibition match between Manchester United and South China AA on 20 July 1997, "The pitch is cutting up. The surface is just sand-based and the turf doesn't hold well. Injuries can occur."

The government had hoped that the stadium could be used as a music concert venue in order to bring in more rental income. But nearby citizens complained endlessly about 'noise levels', leading to restrictions on noise levels that effectively rendered the stadium unsuitable for concerts. This reduced greatly the income levels of the stadium and the management company, Wembley, ran into financial troubles.

1998 Hong Kong government takeover
Wembley's management tenure at the stadium was abruptly terminated by the Provisional Urban Council (PUC) on 26 May 1998. PUC also asked Urban Services Department (USD) to assume temporary management of the Hong Kong Stadium and has also agreed to USD's proposals to return the entire pitch of the Hong Kong Stadium. The fundamental issue between the parties was the care and maintenance of the stadium pitch, but also a complaint about an unauthorized bungy jump by Canadian Paul G. Boyle.

In the end, the Hong Kong government was judged to have wrongfully terminated the management agreement and had to pay over HK$20million in damages to Wembley Plc.

Hong Kong Stadium is now managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of Hong Kong, after the Urban Council was disbanded.

Full house
The first full house official football match (i.e. non-exhibition match) at the Hong Kong Stadium was the 2009 AFC Cup semi-final second leg between South China AA and Kuwait SC. This was added to in the same year by the 2009 East Asian Games football final between Hong Kong U23 and Japan U23. Although there were empty seats in the stadium, all tickets were sold or distributed.

Hong Kong First Division League
South China and Kitchee had used the sports ground as the home stadium in 2009–10 season.

Starting from 2010–11 season, only South China use the Hong Kong Stadium as their home stadium.

Lunar New Year Cup
The ground has hosted matches of the Lunar New Year Cup.

Hong Kong vs Real Madrid
Luis Figo scored the first goal for Real Madrid from the penalty spot after Roberto Carlos was brought down in the area during the pre-season friendly match against Hong Kong select XI at the Hong Kong Stadium, Hong Kong on 8 August 2003. Real Madrid won the match 4-2.

Kitchee vs Manchester City
On 24 July 2019, the Hong Kong Stadium held a club friendly match between Premier League champions Manchester City and Hong Kong Premier League club Kitchee. where Manchester City won 6–1.

Michael Owen’s All-Stars beaten by Ryan Giggs-led Scholes Legends
On 20 January 2024, The World Football Masters Cup swept a galaxy of used-to-bes in and out of town, with the Owen All-Stars outshone by the Scholes Legends while they were here.

There was time for slow-mo magic from Luis Figo and snapshots of a longed-for past in a 5-2 win for Scholes’ side, even if the players came with luggage, performed on a meadow at Hong Kong Stadium and left without a word.

Rugby
On 1 November 2008, the ground became the first stadium outside of Australia or New Zealand to host a Bledisloe Cup test match. New Zealand's All Blacks won the match, defeating Australia's Wallabies 19–14.

On 1 June 2013, the British and Irish Lions and Barbarian F.C. played a rugby union match at the Hong Kong Stadium.

Hong Kong International Cricket Sixes
The ground has hosted matches of the Hong Kong International Cricket Sixes since 1996 to 1997.

2009 East Asian Games
The stadium was used as the final venue for both the Rugby 7s and Football tournaments of the 2009 East Asian Games. Hong Kong's rugby 7s team and football team both made the final against Japan. The rugby 7s team finished second to Japan. While the football team defeated them in front of over 31,000 spectators, including Donald Tsang, winning the Hong Kong football team's first ever international title.

2013 muddy turf fiasco
In 2013, during the Barclays Asia Trophy, Sunderland manager Paolo Di Canio described the pitch as "a killer", while Manchester City centre-back Matija Nastasić is injured on the mudheap pitch, although Nastasić's injury was caused by a kick to the ankle according to City manager Manuel Pellegrini, who refused to blame the muddy pitch. Tottenham Hotspur manager André Villas-Boas was also critical of the pitch after Jan Vertonghen, a first-choice Spurs defender, incurred an ankle injury playing on the surface. "If I can be sincere, I would prefer not to play, but this is the reality that we have to face," said the Portuguese on the eve of his side's friendly against South China AA. Manchester United then cancelled their public training session at the stadium on Sunday amid concerns over the playing surface, did not want to further damage the playing surface or risk any injuries to their players, ahead of their exhibition match with Kitchee SC on 29 July.

On 30 July, the director of leisure and cultural services, Betty Fung Ching Suk-yee said returfing the much-criticised Hong Kong Stadium pitch is being considered, after football fans worldwide slammed the sodden, muddy surface during Barclays Asia Trophy matches on 24 and 27 July. South China FC chairman Steven Lo said in an official blog that recent matches have exposed a serious management problem. Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying said he has asked the Home Affairs Bureau and the Leisure and Cultural Services Department for short, medium and long-term remedies.

In 2015, with support from the Jockey Club, the pitch was completely returfed. The existing turf and soil was removed, the irrigation and drainage systems replaced, and new turf laid.

Non-sports events
Jean-Michel Jarre held a concert at the Hong Kong Stadium on 11 March 1994. It was the first event after the re-construction of the Hong Kong Stadium.

Alan Tam held a concert at the Hong Kong Stadium from 22 to 24 April 1994. It was the first local artist held here.

The only time the venue is used for live events is the Extravaganza of China Olympic Gold Medallists celebration show for the Chinese gold medallists.

Bon Jovi played a concert at the stadium on 25 September 1993 during I'll Sleep When I'm Dead Tour. It was their first concert in Hong Kong.

Canadian Paul G. Boyle illegally bungy jumped from the roof of the Hong Kong Stadium on the morning of Friday 24 May 1996. He was not arrested but was given a lifetime ban from all Urban Council facilities.

Future
At the 2013 Policy Address, Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying said once the Kai Tak Stadium is operational in 2019, the Hong Kong Stadium will be turned into a 10,000 capacity district sports arena.

Facilities
Hong Kong Stadium can accommodate 40,000. The spread is as below:
 * 18,256 at Main level
 * 18,507 at Upper levels
 * 3,153 at Executive levels
 * 57 wheelchair spaces

In addition, there are many refreshment kiosks inside the stadium.

Other use
The stadium was supposed to be a multi purpose entertainment and sports venue, due to its much greater capacity compared to the other popular and over used Hong Kong Coliseum, where nearly all uses are now strictly for popular entertainment. However, its open-air nature has led to noise complaints from residents in tower blocks surrounding the stadium. It has not been allowed to host entertainment events since 1999.

title: Hong Kong Stadium


text:
Template:FishBase species alt

Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. . in FishBase. version.

authors: ಮಲ್ನಾಡಾಚ್ ಕೊಂಕ್ಣೊ

title: Template:FishBase species alt


text:
Talk:Chaos Strikes Back

Corrections
Correction : there are no purple worms in Chaos Strikes Back (CSB), it's armoured worms that greet you in the first room (see "http://dmweb.free.fr/CSBCreatures.htm#Worm (Internal name: Armoured Worm)" (Meta : how to do spaces ?)).

Also, it's correct that FTL never released CSB for the PC. However, Paul R. Stevens disassembled the Atari version and ported it to Windows. Now it also runs on GNU/Linux on PC as well as Mac OS X. -- StefanLjungstrand
 * If no official release was made for PC, then shouldn't it be removed from the infobox? SharkD (talk) 03:10, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

It's "ernum", not "jernum" for the mysterious scroll. The "j" appears in very old versions of CSBwin, the port by Paul R. Stevens. -- Zyx

Words
"Grynix ernum quey ki skebow rednim u os dey wefna enocarn aquantana"

This looks to me like it's written in a constructed language, but what it means... RocketMaster 19:58, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Chaos Strikes Back


text:
File:Three Dog Night - The Best of 3 Dog Night.jpg

Cover for album The Best of 3 Dog Night by Three Dog Night.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


text:
User:Dhartung/SOTA

School of the Americas
Notes and observations from The U.S. Army School of the Americas and U.S. National Interests in the 20th Century, a Master's Thesis in History by Carlton T. Fox, Jr.

History

 * Began as counter to German/Italian and other European military missions and training efforts in LatAm
 * Monroe Doctrine as primary initial motivator
 * Hemispheric Defense as primary doctrinal motivator post-WWII
 * Primary training missions related to creating appropriate doctrine for use of provided equipment

 * Rio Treaty enjoined OAS members from threatening others, US from helping
 * Result left domestic operations by default

 * late 50s - Fulbright hearings downgraded risks of direct Soviet interference
 * Army doctrine shifted to anti-Communism

 * 1961 - Counter-insurgency training
 * Special Warfare School prepared new courseware
 * coincided with Vietnam era, 1961-late 70s
 * Subsided as counter-insurgency waned as US doctrine

Key Insight

 * Professionalized military may be _more_ likely to have contempt for civilian rule
 * Professionalization of political class began with IRI/NDI funding under Reagan
 * Marked decline in political instability

title: User:Dhartung/SOTA


text: Category:Wikipedia humor

title: Category:Wikipedia humor


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Eagles (Organization)

This article was listed on votes for deletion; see Votes for deletion/Eagles (Organization). [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:34, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

from VfD:

Reads like an ad for their organization. -- Walt Pohl 09:41, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Delete same here. -- Computerjoe 12:46, 5 Dec 2004
 * Delete: Advertising for a non-profit that can be confused with a US NFL team and Eagle Scouts. Geogre 15:25, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable - Wyss 18:28, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it is a relatively large, well-known occasionally charitable organisation, even if its primary communal activity involves sitting around drinking cheap American beer. I believe the group is worthy of an article, but this one isn't it. Send to clean-up. Fire Star 01:14, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Change vote to delete. I was unaware of the Fraternal Order of Eagles article, which is what I had in mind. Fire Star 14:09, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Since the current article has absolutely no value, there wouldn't be any loss in deleting it, and it doesn't prevent someone from writing a real article later. -- Walt Pohl 03:34, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Current article is junk, and correct title would be Fraternal Order of Eagles, which already has a good short article, so either redirect or delete. -- Jmabel | Talk 08:49, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * What he said. Redirect or Delete, and maybe clean-up the original, too. --Calton 11:56, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to the FOE, or add to disambig. Inky 00:49, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to FOE. [[User:Rhymeless|Rhymeless | (Methyl Remiss)]] 20:48, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect. --FOo 05:57, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is quite a large fraternal organization, like the American Legion.  Googling "fraternal order of eagles" gets over 44,000 hits.  Here's their main website:  --MPerel 21:37, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and/or redirect to Fraternal Order of Eagles. Sorry, didn't see that before. --MPerel 21:43, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion


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The Best of 3 Dog Night

The Best of 3 Dog Night is the fifteenth album by the American rock band, Three Dog Night and is a double album released in 1982. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on May 1, 1996.

Seven of these titles landed on the Billboard Adult contemporary chart when originally released and all 20 hit the Hot 100.

Critical reception
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic writes, "There isn't anything major missing, and while some of the non-singles material isn't particularly strong, there are enough worthwhile moments to make this a fairly consistent, enjoyable listen, in addition to being the one Three Dog Night album most fans will need."

Track listing

 * The CD release follows the same track list.

Personnel

 * Mike Allsup - guitar
 * Jimmy Greenspoon - keyboard
 * Danny Hutton - vocals
 * Skip Konte - keyboard
 * Chuck Negron - vocals
 * Jack Ryland - bass guitar
 * Joe Schermie - bass guitar
 * Floyd Sneed - percussion, drums
 * Cory Wells - vocals

Production

 * Producers: Richard Podolor, Gabriel Mekler, Jimmy Ienner
 * Compilation: Vince Cosgrave
 * Art direction: Vartan
 * Design: Jay Vigon
 * Artwork: Jay Vigon

title: The Best of 3 Dog Night


text: File:Christmas With the Kranks poster.JPG


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Premalatha Gurusinghe

Premalatha Gurusinghe was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Premalatha Gurusinghe
A bio-substub about a member of an influential Sri Lankan family; no proof of notability, fails the Google test apart from one biographical site. JFW | T@lk  09:45, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks like some sort of vanity. Delete. - Vague | Rant 09:50, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It's either vanity or genealogy (I suspect the latter).  Both are inappropriate. Geogre 15:24, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not demonstrably notable - Wyss 18:30, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity page. --MPerel 21:25, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Talk:Ridgley C. Powers

Governor resignation
Ok, here's my logic for changing the governor that resigns in 1871 (which led to Powers taking office) from Adelbert Ames to James L. Alcorn. You can see that Ames' page has him in the Senate from 1870 to 1874. Alcorn's page says that HE resigned in 1871 to become a Senator. Also, the List of Governors of Mississippi shows Alcorn, nor Ames, prior to Powers. Now, this isn't remotely close to my field of study, so unless someone says otherwise, I say that Alcorn resigned. --Ricky81682 (talk) 09:50, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

Governor resignation, replied
You are correct the Governor that resigned in 1871 was Alcorn. --User:Jpcarver

title: Talk:Ridgley C. Powers


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Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. . in FishBase. version.

title: Template:FishBase family


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Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. . "" in FishBase. version.

title: Template:FishBase order


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Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH, pronounced, Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale) is a psychiatric teaching hospital located in Toronto and ten community locations throughout the province of Ontario, Canada. It reports being the largest research facility in Canada for mental health and addictions. The hospital was formed in 1998 from the amalgamation of four separate institutions – the Queen Street Mental Health Centre, the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, the Addiction Research Foundation, and the Donwood Institute. It is Canada's largest mental health teaching hospital, and the only stand-alone psychiatric emergency department in Ontario. CAMH has 90 distinct clinical services across inpatient, outpatient, day treatment, and partial hospitalization models. CAMH has been the site of major advancements in psychiatric research, including the discovery of the Dopamine receptor D2.

History
CAMH was formed from the 1998 merger of the Queen Street Mental Health Centre with the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Foundation, and Donwood Institute.

Queen Street Mental Health Centre
The Provincial Lunatic Asylum opened on 26 January 1850. It was subsequently renamed Asylum for the Insane, then Hospital for the Insane, then Ontario Hospital (1919), and then the Queen Street Mental Health Centre (1966). It had also been called the Toronto Lunatic Asylum and 999 Queen Street West.

The original buildings were constructed in a series of rigid lines and sharp angles, consistent with the belief at the time that orderly physical structure would facilitate orderly mental states for the patients. High walls segregated the patients from the community, establishing a long-standing stigma about the facility.

The Queen Street Site of CAMH contained the Samuel A. Malcolmson Lecture Theatre, named for the site's Chief Psychiatrist and Clinical Director of Forensics. In 2009, however, Malcolmson was subject to a disciplinary hearing of Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons, following that he sexually abused a patient and fathered a child with her. Malcomson pleaded "no contest" and resigned his license to practice. The lecture hall was renamed the Queen Street Auditorium.

Reforms were made after a series of deaths at the Queen Street Mental Health Centre and newspaper accounts of involuntary drug treatment, electroshock therapy, and prison-like conditions.

Clarke Institute of Psychiatry
The institute was founded in 1966 and officially opened by Ontario Premier John P. Robarts. It was named the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, after Charles Kirk Clarke, a pioneer in mental health in Canada. The institute took over the clinical, teaching, and research functions of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, located at 2 Surrey Place, which opened in 1925 under Clarence B. Farrar. The Institute served as the main psychiatry teaching hospital for the University of Toronto and was the headquarters for the Department of Psychiatry in the Faculty of Medicine. The first Medical and Executive Director of the Clarke was Charles Roberts, and the first Psychiatrist-in-Chief (and Professor and Head of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto) was Aldwyn B. Stokes. When Stokes retired in 1967, the administration was reorganized, and Robin Hunter became Medical Director and Psychiatrist-in-Chief.

Fredrick H. Lowy served as Psychiatrist-in-Chief of the Clarke from 1974 until 1980, followed by Vivian Rakoff from 1980 to 1990, and Paul E. Garfinkel from 1990 until the Clarke's 1998 merger into CAMH.

Upon its merger into CAMH in 1998, the Clarke building become known as the CAMH College Street site. Conrad Black has been a generous supporter of the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry.

Rent increase
In 2015, CAMH's facilities at the College St. site were put in jeopardy following notice of a rent increase from $1.2 million to $4 million per year, at the renewal of its 20-year lease. CAMH valued its property at $25 million, whereas the hospital's landlord, Brookfield Asset Management, valued it at $100 million. Brookfield turned down CBC's interview requests. A government arbitrator was appointed who valued the property at $55 million, yielding a rent increase that CAMH was reportedly able to pay.

Addiction Research Foundation
The Addiction Research Foundation (ARF), then named the Alcoholism Research Foundation was founded in 1949, when H. David Archibald, who had studied at the School of Alcohol Studies at Yale University, was hired by the Liquor Control Board of Ontario. His mandate was to determine the scope of alcoholism in Ontario. He was named executive director when ARF opened and remained in that post until 1976. Focusing initially on outpatient treatment, their first facility was Brookside Hospital in 1951, expanding to branch offices and new locations in 1954, the same year they set up in-house research. In 1961, formally renamed the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, ARF expanded its mission to include drugs. In 1971, they expanded to a clinical teaching hospital called the Clinical Research and Treatment Institute. In 1978 ARF opened the School for Addiction Studies and expanded their international role in policy development and research. Following provincial hospital restructuring in the 1990s, ARF was folded in 1998 into CAMH.

Donwood Institute
In 1946, R. Gordon Bell opened a clinic in his own home for people needing mental health services. There existed an Ontario statute allowing doctors to take up to four patients into their homes without a hospital license. To his surprise, his only patients all suffered from alcoholism. It soon became necessary to move to larger facilities. To expand capacity, Bell opened Shadow Brook, which operated from 1947 to 1954, and then the Bell Clinic, which operated from 1954 to 1966. The Donwood Institute then opened in 1967, with 47 beds and a 4-month waiting list in the 1980s. Still focused on substance use, it claimed a 65% recovery rate for general population and an 85% recovery rate among physicians with addictions.

CAMH Queen St. Site Redevelopment

CAMH has been undergoing a three phase redevelopment centered at its Queen Street site, with four goals: 1) Deliver a new model of care and provide a healthy environment that promotes recovery; 2) Bring together the best research, clinical, education, health promotion, and policy experts in one place to change the future of mental health and addictions; 3) Revitalize the City of Toronto by opening up their site and by creating an inclusive new nine-block neighbourhood that benefits all and, 4) Change attitudes by breaking down barriers to eliminate the stigma of mental health. Phase 1A was undertaken by Eastern Construction and completed in 2008 and Phase 1B was undertaken by Carillion and completed in 2012. Phase 1C is being undertaken by PCL Construction and is expected to be complete in 2020.

In 2008, CAMH announced the completion of four new buildings (forming Phase 1A of the project) to accommodate CAMH's Addiction and Mood & Anxiety Programs.

The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute was established with a $30 million donation in 2011 from Linda Campbell, Gaye Farncombe, and Susan Grange, each granddaughters of Canadian magnate Roy Thomson and nieces of Ken Thomson. CAMH CEO, Catherine Zahn, said research on the brain is the most promising pathway to progress in mental illness research. Bell donated $10 million to CAMH in 2011, reportedly the largest corporate gift in Canada to mental illness.

In 2012, CAMH announced the completion of three new buildings (forming Phase 1B of the project): the Bell Gateway Building for the central administration, a utilities and parking building, and the Intergenerational Wellness Centre which includes 12 new beds for youth ages 14–18.

Margaret McCain, the former lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick and widow of McCain Foods co-founder Wallace McCain, donated $10 million to CAMH in 2012 to establish the Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health. In 2013, the Slaight Family donated to $50 million to health care institutions, of which CAMH received $10 million. The donation permitted the opening of a centre dedicated to identifying and treating early signs of mental illness in youth.

In 2014, philanthropist and business executive Andrew Fass donated $1,000,000 to CAMH for the hospital to create a wellness program for its staff. In 2016, Fass withdrew his donation, saying that CAMH was unable to show how they were spending the money. The grant was to be used for CAMH's "Well@Work" program, an initiative to provide Canadian workplaces with training to identify risks of mental illness and strategies to support employees in need.

CAMH opened the Emergency Department in 2014, funded by a $2.5 million private donation and a $4.2 million grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.

In 2016, CAMH constructed a sweat lodge for Aboriginal patients in order to promote spiritual, physical, and emotional healing. Also in 2016, CAMH opened walk-in clinics for youth.

In 2020, the eight-storey, 110 patient bed McCain Complex Care & Recovery Building and five-storey 125 patient bed Crisis & Critical Care Building and 24-hour psychiatric emergency department were opened.

Research
CAMH reports being the largest research facility in Canada for mental health and addictions, including over 100 scientists over 150 research trainees. In the 2014-2015 fiscal year, CAMH received $44,384,230 in research funding and published more than 500 research articles.

Administration
Psychiatrist and Clarke Institute President Paul E. Garfinkel was appointed the first President and CEO of CAMH in 1998. He was followed by neurologist Catherine Zahn in 2009.

Upon CAMH's formation, Peter Catford was appointed vice president for Information Technology. In 2002, Catford outsourced the public hospital's computer needs to H.I. Next, a private company which Catford founded and co-owned. When the Toronto Star reported on what it deemed an apparent conflict of interest regarding the spending of public money, the hospital would not reveal how much it paid Catford or his company, nor would CAMH disclose any details of its contract with H.I. Next or what other firms bid on the work. Catford commented only that "I feel honoured to work with (CAMH) and I feel like it has been done ethically." In interviews with the Toronto Star, Dev Chopra, executive vice-president of CAMH first said there was nothing inappropriate about Catford's role. "We got into it with our eyes open. There is no conflict." However, Chopra later said there were "some optics from a conflict perspective" noting the hospital might revisit the issue that day. Catford left his CAMH position two days later, but the Star reported that hospital officials said changes were being considered months before the Star published its story about the issue.

Criticisms
CAMH's administration has come under criticism including from staff who report safety problems and from donors who withdrew their funding citing accountability problems.

David Healy Affair
Soon after CAMH was founded, its administration was embroiled in a scandal involving Eli Lilly and Company, which donated $1.5 million to CAMH, and David Healy, a prominent critic of Prozac, the widely used antidepressant manufactured by Eli Lilly. CAMH hired Healy to be the head of its Mood and Anxiety Program, but withdrew the job offer after hearing about Healy's views.

CAMH aggressively recruited Healy, and CAMH Physician-in-Chief, David Goldbloom, offered Healy a job as the head of the Mood and Anxiety Program. Healy accepted and soon after gave a lecture in which he reiterated his views about Prozac increasing risk of suicide. A few days later, Goldbloom withdrew the job offer, saying "Essentially, we believe that it is not a good fit between you and the role as leader of an academic program in mood and anxiety disorders at the centre and in relation to the university….We do not feel your approach is compatible with the goals for development of the academic and clinical resource that we have."

The decision caused an "uproar" among Canadian academics, with the Canadian Association of University Teachers calling CAMH actions "an affront to academic freedom in Canada." Scientists from 13 countries, including Nobel laureates Julius Axelrod and Arvid Carlsson, protested CAMH's actions as did the Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship (SAFS).

Healy sued CAMH and the University of Toronto, alleging breach of contract, defamation, and denial of academic freedom. The lawsuit sought damages of $9.4 million, including $2.6 million from CAMH CEO Paul Garfinkel, and $1.4 million from the U of T Dean of Medicine. The university distanced itself from CAMH: According to U of T President, Robert Birgeneau, "Everyone is trying to blame the university for something that happened at one of our hospitals."

The lawsuit was settled with Healy receiving an appointment as visiting professor as the University of Toronto. The president of the Canadian Association of University Teachers, Vic Catano, said "We see the settlement as a complete vindication for Dr. Healy."

Child Gender Identity Clinic
In 1975, psychiatrist Susan Bradley founded a clinic in CAMH to work with gender dysphoric children. Bradley collaborated for many years with psychologist Kenneth Zucker, and they established the clinic as the largest gender identity service in Canada and an international center for research. They said that in their studies, 80% of the children grow out of the behavior. They used different approaches with children than adolescents because they said that children were more likely to identify with their birth sex.

Regarding adolescents, Zucker would "support a teenager or adult who wants to transition using hormones and surgeries." Regarding children, however, Zucker said, "We are trying to help a child feel more comfortable with the gender identity that matches their birth sex," and that they use a variety of techniques to "help a child think more flexibly" about their gender. According to a 2006 article in The New York Times, Zucker did this by "encouraging same-sex friendships and activities like board games that move beyond strict gender roles." Zucker said that a child could be asked to make a list of pros and cons about being different genders so that the child realizes that "there are both good and not so good things about being a boy and being a girl."

Zucker's approach was controversial and considered by some to be conversion therapy. In January 2015, members of Rainbow Health Ontario, a provincial health promotion and navigation organization, approached CAMH expressing their concerns regarding Zucker's clinic. Rainbow Health Ontario submitted a review of academic literature and clinical practices for transgender youth, and expressed concern that the gender identity clinic was not following accepted practices. Others online linked the Gender Identity Clinic's practices to suicide of transgender youth caused by conversion therapy, and referenced the high-profile case of Leelah Alcorn, a transgender teen from Ohio. In February 2015, CAMH ordered an external review of its gender identity clinic for children and teens.

In March 2015, the Ontario Provincial Parliament introduced the Affirming Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Act, aimed at banning conversion therapy practices. In June 2015, the legislation was passed unanimously by the provincial parliament. The law made LGBT conversion therapy illegal to provide to minors, and removed it from public health insurance coverage for adults. After the bill was passed into law, CAMH stated that they welcomed the unanimous support for the bill.

The external review noted numerous strengths of the clinic, but also described it as an insular entity with an approach dissimilar from other clinics and described it as being out of step with current best practices, including WPATH SOC Version 7. They also raised concerns about clinicians asking age inappropriate questions. After the review, CAMH shut down the clinic and fired Zucker. Kwame McKenzie, medical director of CAMH's child, youth, and family services, said "We want to apologize for the fact that not all of the practices in our childhood gender identity clinic are in step with the latest thinking." CAMH announced a process of consultation with community leaders to examine how best to offer care.

A petition of over 500 sexuality and gender diversity experts decried the change. In 2018, CAMH paid Zucker $586,000 and issued a public apology as part of a settlement.

Forensics
CAMH's forensic department and its leadership have been the subject of criticism from Ontario judges and the public for issues including public safety, patient civil rights violations, and turning away patients ordered to CAMH by judges. This culminated in Ontario Superior Court Justice Maureen Forestell who reportedly "tore a strip off of" CAMH for its actions. Graham Glancy, a forensic psychiatrist at the Maplehurst Correctional Complex accused CAMH of focusing too much on patients and treatments to enhance its international reputation, but at the expense of the less glamorous forensic patients. He added "Cities like Ottawa and London are better resourced but Toronto is terrible. It's a disgrace, really." Toronto defence counsel Chris Hynes also attributed the problems to the CAMH leadership, saying "CAMH front-line workers pay the price for decisions made by the centre's privatized board of directors."

AWOL patients
One recurrent issue has been the number of violent or dangerous patients who escape custody from CAMH's forensic wards. After filing a freedom of information act request with the police, the Toronto Star reported that CAMH had nearly as many AWOLs as all other Toronto hospitals combined (2,060 and 2,371 for the period 2004 to 2014).

One of the most widely reported incidents involved Thomas Brailsford, who was institutionalized at CAMH after beheading his mother and being deemed a "danger to himself and others." Brailsford took off from a taxicab on his way to a medical appointment, representing his second escape in a year.

In an interview with Toronto columnist Jerry Agar, CAMH's chief of forensic psychiatry, Sandy Simpson said "Clearly, we will be reviewing this carefully to look at how we assessed the risk in this case." Kate Richards of CAMH media relations subsequently said "We have tightened aspects of these procedures and...We are confident that the changes implemented in this case have been effective." Agar wrote that he has "been eager to have Simpson back on the radio show to discuss what measures have been put in place" but had not received any response. Five months later, CAMH told Agar "Dr. Simpson is not available for a follow-up interview."

In 2019, the Ontario government ordered a review of CAMH patient passes and privileges after a series of patient escapes from the secure forensic psychiatry units. In one case, a not criminally responsible (NCR) patient who absconded the hospital later left the country by plane.

Workplace safety
In 2007, following a series of attacks on staff by patients, the Ontario Ministry of Labour asked CAMH to develop a workplace violence and policy program. In 2008, the Ministry of Labour laid nine workplace safety charges against CAMH in response to allegations by staff that they had been attacked by patients. CAMH was fined $70,000 in 2009 for two attacks against nursing staff in 2007 and 2008. In 2014, the Ontario Ministry of Labour laid charges against CAMH for failing to protect workers from workplace violence following an attack earlier that year.

In 2014, the Ontario Ministry of Labour laid more charges against CAMH for failing to implement procedures to protect staff from workplace violence following another attack that year. The prosecution asked the court to send “a clear message” that the CAMH situation was unacceptable. CAMH was found guilty and fined again. CAMH's Chief of Nursing, Rani Srivastava, said that CAMH accepted the court's decision adding that the violence had a “devastating impact” on “all of us at CAMH.”

Three months later, another nurse was punched, kicked in the face, and dragged into a locked utility room where she was repeatedly kicked in the head, suffering fractures and nerve damage. Vicki McKenna of the Ontario Nurses' Association reported that CAMH has not been taking part in government committees to improve workplace safety and called for CAMH senior management to be held personally responsible for the continued workplace violence. Rani Srivastava said that the incident was "completely unexpected," that CAMH is "saddened" and "shocked" by what happened, and that "any incident is one too many."

Reporting failures
Simpson has also been criticized by the Ontario Review Board for secluding a patient for two months but not informing the board, as required. Simpson claimed that the regulation "was unclear" about whether CAMH had a duty to report what it was doing. The board disagreed, ruling against CAMH.

Public policy statements
CAMH issues statements about local and provincial regulations on addictive behaviors.

Alcohol
CAMH policy opposes the privatization of alcohol sales, citing evidence that the increase in availability increases alcohol-related harms and associated costs. They supported that the Liquor Control Board of Ontario should maintain its monopoly on alcohol sales. CAMH referred to "the plan to allow the sale of VQA wines at farmers' markets across the province" as "cause for concern" because it would increase access to alcohol. Similarly, together with other health organizations, CAMH called for a provincial alcohol strategy, ahead of Ontario's plan to permit the sale of beer in grocery stores.

Marijuana
In a 2014 policy document, CAMH expressed support for the legalization of marijuana with strict control regulations. According to CAMH CEO, Catherine Zahn, "Only through legalization can we implement a public-health approach, treating cannabis use as a health issue and not one to be addressed through law enforcement and the court system. This is the approach we take with tobacco and alcohol. As with alcohol, a legal cannabis market can be regulated with controls that address risk factors associated with use".

Gambling
CAMH has opposed the expansion of Toronto's Woodbine Racetrack. In a policy statement, CAMH said increased availability of gambling results in increased harms and predicted that a large portion of any increased revenues from the racetrack would come from people with gambling problems.

title: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health