text:
Speyside, Trinidad and Tobago

Speyside is a village in northern Tobago within Saint John Parish. It lies on the leeward coast, across from the island of Little Tobago (for which it is a departure point), 26 km northeast of Scarborough, overlooking Tyrrel's Bay. At the census of population in 2000, the town had a population of 1100. Speyside has some of the best coral reefs on the island of Tobago, and is a popular dive site. The reefs are less disturbed than the more famous Buccoo Reef in southwestern Tobago.

Infrastructure
Speyside is linked to the rest of Tobago by the Windward Road. There is a jetty off the Lucy Vale Road. The town has a high school, Speyside High School, and a health centre, Speyside Health Centre. There are also various hotels and inns as well as a resort, Blue Waters Inn, located on Batteaux Bay.

Geography
Speyside is surrounded by the mountains of Tobago's Main Ridge. The surrounding terrain is very hilly and some roads are very steep. The majority of the town is situated on Tyrrel's Bay. Goat Island and Little Tobago island are located just offshore. The surrounding waters have some of the best coral reefs on the island of Tobago and the sea between the islands is shallow, which allows for glass bottom boats to make trips to the islands.

Diving
With some of the best coral reefs in Tobago located just offshore, Speyside is a very popular dive destination. At Kelleston Drain, just off Little Tobago, divers can observe the world's largest single brain coral colony. At Japanese Gardens, divers witness the most colourful dive site in Speyside. There are also numerous wrecks just offshore, such as the wreck of the Trinity.

title: Speyside, Trinidad and Tobago


text:
Adamite

Adamite is a zinc arsenate hydroxide mineral, Zn2AsO4OH. It is a mineral that typically occurs in the oxidized or weathered zone above zinc ore occurrences. Pure adamite is colorless, but usually it possess yellow color due to Fe compounds admixture. Tints of green also occur and are connected with copper substitutions in the mineral structure. Olivenite is a copper arsenate that is isostructural with adamite and there is considerable substitution between zinc and copper resulting in an intermediate called cuproadamite. Zincolivenite is a recently discovered mineral being an intermediate mineral with formula CuZn(AsO4)(OH). Manganese, cobalt, and nickel also substitute in the structure. An analogous zinc phosphate, tarbuttite, is known.

Occurrence
Adamite occurs as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of zinc- and arsenic-bearing hydrothermal mineral deposits. It occurs in association with smithsonite, hemimorphite, scorodite, olivenite, calcite, quartz and iron and manganese oxides.

The yellow to bright lime-green colored crystals and druze along with its distinctive fluorescence make adamite a favorite among mineral collectors. Found in Mapimí, Durango, Mexico; Greece; and California and Utah in the United States.

Adamite was named after the French mineralogist Gilbert-Joseph Adam (1795–1881). It was first described in 1866 for an occurrence at the type locality of Chañarcillo, Copiapó Province, Atacama Region, Chile.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Adamite


text: Category:Chemical engineers

title: Category:Chemical engineers


text:
Image Fight

Image Fight (イメージファイト) (also IMAGEFIGHT) is a 1988 vertically scrolling shooter arcade video game developed and published by Irem. It was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System, PC Engine (Japan-only), Sharp X68000 (Japan-only), and FM Towns (Japan-only) in 1990.

Plot
The following is taken directly from the NES instruction manual:

''On a fateful day in 20XX, the Earth's moon exploded into four large fragments and a multitude of meteors. Aliens from afar had succeeded in destroying the West's moon base. One after another, mankind's other military industrial space complexes were being lost. What mankind dreaded had come to pass. Scores of unidentified fighters were in the area. In addition, the moon's main computer, still intact after the explosion, had a strange vegetation coiled around it. Their trademark evil exploits being a dead giveaway, invaders from the Boondoggle Galaxy had arrived to take over the Earth. To counter these evil forces, leading scientists from all over the globe created the "OF-1" Fightership. Combat pilots depart the Earth to fend off the invaders and earn everlasting glory''.

Gameplay
Image Fight was released one year after Irem's successful horizontal scroller, R-Type, and, although not directly related, the two games have some similarities.

The player flies a futuristic red ship. R-Type Final identifies this ship as the OF-1 Daedalus, but it is not known if that was the ship's original name. However, the term OF-1 does appear in the NES version's instruction manual, as well as in the official artwork for the sequel, Image Fight II. The game appears to be set inside a holographic simulator, like the holodeck on Star Trek: The Next Generation.

The game begins with five stages taking place inside a combat simulation, and the player's ability to destroy enemy entities is tested. Upon finishing a simulation stage, the game displays results and shows if their score is considered passing or failing. The player must have an average kill rate of 90% or better in the simulation stages to immediately proceed to real combat. If the player fails, they must play an additional stage before entering real combat. Real combat consists of three stages. The real combat stages play very much like a traditional shoot em' up game, where the player immediately proceeds to the next stage upon completing the current stage.

Pods
The defining feature of Image Fight is the Pod, a small, coloured sphere with two short gun barrels attached to it. The Pod, once collected, floats alongside the player's ship.

There are two different kinds of Pod:
 *  Red Pod  – this changes direction based on the movement of the ship, and can therefore be aimed at enemies. This can be very useful, as enemies can and do attack from any direction.
 *  Blue Pod  – similar to the Red Pod, except it always points forward and the direction cannot be changed. This makes it more powerful in direct confrontations, but less versatile.

The ship can support up to three Pods. The first two Pods collected will take up positions on the left and right sides of the ship; the third Pod hovers behind it.

Pod Shot
The Pod Shot is a special attack in which the side Pods are launched forward at high speed, before circling back and returning to the ship. This enables them to be used as projectiles themselves, and thrown at enemies ahead. This attack can be performed with either one or two side Pods; the rear Pod, if present, does not participate.

Speed control
The ship has four different levels of speed that the player can switch between, to allow for more precise manoeuvering in confined spaces. The structure of the ship transforms during a speed change, the wings angling down and back at higher speeds.

The ship's thrusters exhaust a large blue flame whenever the ship changes speed; this can be used as a weapon to damage or destroy enemies.

'Forces'
The player can acquire various butterfly-shaped devices that attach to the front of the ship. These are very similar in function to the Force in R-Type: they turn the player's blaster into a powerful laser weapon. They can also act as a weak shield, protecting the ship from impact; this destroys them but leaves the ship intact. Unlike the Force in R-Type, they cannot be ejected from the ship; the only way to remove them, in fact, is to have them destroyed. The ship cannot pick up a new device if one is already attached. There are a number of different kinds, each of which provides a different weapon. The weapon names are taken from R-Type Final. R-Type Final implies that these devices are in fact early versions of what it calls the OF Force, but this may be retroactive continuity.

Ports and related releases
The arcade game was also ported for the Nintendo Entertainment System as well as becoming a Japan-only game for the PC Engine, Sharp X68000, and FM Towns in 1990. The PC Engine version was later re-released for the Wii Virtual Console only in Japan. In 1998, Image Fight, along with another arcade game by Irem, X-Multiply, was released only in Japan as a one-disc double-bill for the Sony PlayStation and the Sega Saturn.

The arcade game was followed by Image Fight II: Operation Deepstriker, a sequel for the PC Engine Super CD-ROM² in 1992 exclusively in Japan. Like the PC Engine version of the first game, Image Fight II was re-released for the Wii U Virtual Console in Japan in 2015 and for the first time in the United States on February 8, 2018 for both games. Image Fight II and its PC Engine prequel also made their European debut on February 1, 2018.

The ship from this game is included in R-Type Final, where it is the first in a series of five fighters called the OF series. The Pods are also available on fighters of the OF series.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Image Fight in their December 15, 1988, issue as being the most-successful table arcade unit among operators surveyed during that two-week period.

Legacy
According to producer Hiroshi Iuchi, creator of Radiant Silvergun, Image Fight was the main inspiration for Radiant Silvergun's design. Tomonobu Itagaki, creator of the Dead or Alive series, listed Image Fight as one of his five favorite games. Image Fight is also said to be the favorite shooter game of Granzella's Kujo Kazuma.

title: Image Fight


text:
Talk:Modprobe

Permanency of modules loaded with modprobe
In Debian To have modules loaded up at boot time, make entries on "/etc/modules".

Guide does not belong here?
I was thinking that making a guide for how to use Modprobe on Wikipedia, is not really needed, and would rather belong on WikiMedia (or one of it's daughter sites) - Let me know on my talk page, I am quite sure that guides really do not belong Wikipedia. 80.199.155.134 (talk) 16:39, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

list confusion
Neither this article nor any other resource seems to accurately describe modprobe.

What does the List command do? Does it list the modules that ARE installed, or the modules the COULD be installed? And whichever one it does, how does one do the other thing?

 * # modprobe -l ee*

typically lists eeprom.ko. But it is not yet installed! If you look in /sys/bus/i2c/drivers, eeprom is not there.

Now do
 * # modprobe eeprom

Now look again in /sys/bus/i2c/drivers, and see eeprom is there, containing 0-0050 etc, so you can access RAM SPD data.

But if you do
 * # modeprobe -l ee*

again, it will list eeprom.ko exactly the same as before, no changes shown. -71.174.178.179 (talk) 16:15, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Modprobe. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080609070918/http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/ to http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090223192439/http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/modutils/ to http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/modutils/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:58, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Modprobe


text:
File:Bob Seger - Mongrel.jpg

Cover for album Mongrel by Bob Seger.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Bob Seger - Mongrel.jpg


text:
Parry Sound

Parry Sound is a sound or bay of Georgian Bay on Lake Huron, in Ontario, Canada. It is highly irregularly shaped with many deep bays and islands. Killbear Provincial Park is located on the large peninsula that separates the sound from Georgian Bay, while it is bordered on the south side by Parry Island, home of the Wasauksing First Nation, Wasauksing being the First Nation's name for the bay. At the head of the sound is the namesake town that is the largest community on the shores of Georgian Bay from Severn Sound to Manitoulin Island.

The following entities are named after this geographic feature:
 * Parry Sound District
 * Parry Sound, town and seat of Parry Sound District
 * Parry Sound, Unorganized, Centre Part, Ontario
 * Parry Sound, Unorganized, North East Part, Ontario
 * Electoral districts
 * Parry Sound (federal electoral district), the federal electoral district from 1904 to 1949
 * Parry Sound-Muskoka, the current federal electoral district
 * Parry Sound—Muskoka (provincial electoral district), the current provincial electoral district

title: Parry Sound


text:
Invasive

Invasive may refer to:
 * Invasive (medical) procedure
 * Invasive species
 * Invasive observation, especially in reference to surveillance
 * Invasively progressive spread of disease from one organ in the body to another, especially in reference to cancer, see invasion (cancer)

title: Invasive


text:
Mongrel (The Bob Seger System album)

Mongrel is the third studio album by American rock band the Bob Seger System, released in 1970. During its four-week run on the Billboard 200 chart, the album entered the chart at the end of October 1970, then rose to number 171 two weeks later.

Critical reception
Rolling Stone reviewed Mongrel on January 7, 1971. Ben Edmonds called the album "...easily Seger's best work to date, but there are still some crucial musical problems he must come to grips with if he is to realize the tremendous potential he displayed on his earlier Cameo-Parkway singles (most notably 'Heavy Music' and 'Persecution Smith')." Edmonds continued: "Seger writes marvelous rock and roll songs in the virile 1965 mold, somewhat of a lost art these days." The band itself, however, he said, is "like Mountain" and "often degenerates into 'heavy' overstatements of the most clichéd sort." Edmonds called "Lucifer" the strongest cut on the album, but his review may have had a dampening effect on sales.

Personnel

 * Bob Seger – lead guitar, vocals
 * Dan Honaker – bass, guitar, vocals
 * Pep Perrine – percussion, drums, vocals
 * Dan Watson – organ, piano, vocals
 * Bob Schultz – organ, saxophone, vocals

Production

 * Producers: Punch Andrews, Bob Seger
 * Engineer: Jim Bruzzese, Greg Miller
 * Design: Thomas Weschler
 * Cover art: Thomas Weschler
 * Photography: Thomas Weschler

Charts
Album - Billboard (United States)

Singles - Billboard (United States)

title: Mongrel (The Bob Seger System album)


text:
Talk:Mongrel (The Bob Seger System album)

Capitol Records did indeed release this album on CD; I have it! Clean & clear, excellence all the way. Ditto their CD release of Rambling Gambling Man album. Only "Noah" is missing on CD, so I'll have to make due with the LP. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 37.182.46.170 (talk) 17:49, 3 May 2014 (UTC)


text:
Princess Elizabeth

Princess Elizabeth or Princess Elisabeth may refer to:

British

 * Elizabeth of England (disambiguation), lists multiple princesses of England that lived prior to 1707
 * Elizabeth I (1533–1603; (r. 1558 – 1603)), known as Princess Elizabeth before her accession
 * Elizabeth of Scotland (disambiguation), lists multiple princesses of Scotland that lived prior to 1707
 * Elizabeth of Great Britain (disambiguation), lists multiple princesses that have lived since 1707
 * Elizabeth II (1926–2022; (r. 1952 – 2022)), known as HRH Princess Elizabeth of York and HRH The Princess Elizabeth before accession to the thrones of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ceylon, and Pakistan in 1952

German

 * Elisabeth of Bavaria (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Elisabeth of Hesse (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Princess Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Elisabeth of the Palatinate (1618–1680), philosopher
 * Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1691–1750), wife of future Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
 * Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1713–1761), daughter of Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, of the German Empire
 * Princess Elisabeth of Saxony (1830–1912), wife of Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Genoa
 * Princess Elisabeth of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1833–1896), wife of Leopold III, Prince of Lippe
 * Elisabeth of Wied (1843–1916), princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and wife of Carol I of Romania
 * Princess Elisabeth of Anhalt (1857–1933), Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, of the German Empire
 * Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia (1857–1895), granddaughter of Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt, of the German Empire
 * Princess Elisabeth of Stolberg-Rossla (1885–1969), wife of Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg of the German Empire

Elsewhere

 * Elisabeth of Bohemia (disambiguation), multiple female royals
 * Elizabeth of Denmark (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Elisabeth of France (disambiguation), multiple female royals, particularly
 * Princess Élisabeth of France (1764–1794), sister of Louis XVI
 * Elizabeth of Hungary (disambiguation), multiple princesses, particularly
 * Elisabeth of Hungary (1207–1231), saint and daughter of Andrew II of Hungary
 * Elisabeth of Luxembourg (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Elisabeth of Poland (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Elizabeth of Russia (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Elizabeth of Sweden (disambiguation), multiple princesses
 * Princess Élisabeth Charlotte of Lorraine (1700–1711), daughter of Duke of Lorraine
 * Princess Elisabeth of Savoy-Carignan (1800–1856), granddaughter of Vittorio Emanuele II
 * Elizabeth Kekaaniau (1834–1928), daughter of Gideon Peleioholani Laanui, Hawaiian chief
 * Elizabeth Ka'akaualaninui Wilcox (1860–1944), great-granddaughter of Gideon Peleioholani Laanui, Hawaiian chief
 * Elizabeth Bagration (1880–1915), member of Georgian House of Mukhrani and daughter of Prince Alexander Mikheilis dze Bagration
 * Elisabeth of Romania (1894–1956), wife of future George II of Greece
 * Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark (1904–1955), middle daughter of Prince Nicholas of Greece and Elena Vladimirovna; wife of Karl Feodor of Torreing-Jettenbach
 * Princess Elizabeth of Toro (born 1936), Batebe of Toro, Ugandan politician, diplomat, lawyer, model, and actress, former Minister for Foreign Affairs and aunt of current king
 * Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia (born 1936), member of the Serbian-Yugoslavian Karageorgevich dynasty, human rights activist and former candidate for President of Serbia
 * Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant (born 2001), daughter and heiress apparent of Philippe, King of the Belgians

Other uses

 * LMS Princess Royal Class 6201 Princess Elizabeth, preserved railway engine
 * Princess Elizabeth Alps, a mountain range in Greenland
 * Princess Elizabeth Avenue, Edmonton, Canada
 * Princess Elisabeth Antarctica, a Belgian research station on Antarctica
 * Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup, a rowing event
 * Princess Elizabeth Land, a sector of Antarctica
 * Princess Elizabeth Primary School, a primary school in Bukit Batok New Town, Singapore
 * Princess Elizabeth Stakes, a horse race in Epsom, England
 * Princess Elizabeth Stakes (Canada), a horse race in Toronto, Ontario
 * PS Princess Elizabeth, a paddlesteamer launched in 1926 that was one of the Little Ships of Dunkirk

title: Princess Elizabeth


text:
Ste. Rose (electoral district)

Ste. Rose was a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created by redistribution in 1914, and existed until 2011.

Ste. Rose was located in the southwestern section of the province. It was bordered to the north by Swan River, to the west by Russell, Dauphin-Roblin and Minnedosa, to the south by Turtle Mountain and to the east by Lake Manitoba.

Communities in the riding included Gladstone, Neepawa, McCreary, Ste. Rose, Ste. Rose du Lac and Westbourne.

The riding's population in 1996 was 19,038. In 1999, the average family income was $36,883, and the unemployment rate was 7.60%. Much of the riding was farmland and agriculture accounted for 29% of its industry, followed by health and social services at 11%. Twenty-six per cent of Ste. Rose's population was aboriginal, and 8% were German. There was once a significant francophone population in this region, and 4% of the riding's residents listed themselves as francophone. Over 25% of the population had less than a Grade Nine education, one of the highest rates in the province.

From the 1930s to the 1970s, Ste. Rose was a safe seat for the Manitoba Liberal Party (formerly known as the Liberal-Progressive Party). The New Democratic Party held the seat from 1971 to 1986, at which time it was won by Glen Cummings of the Progressive Conservative Party. He held the seat until 2007 when he retired. The riding was won by Progressive Conservative Party candidate Stu Briese.

Following the 2008 electoral redistribution, Ste. Rose was dissolved into the riding of Interlake and the new ridings of Dauphin, and Agassiz. This change took effect for the 2011 election.

title: Ste. Rose (electoral district)


text:
Floyd

Floyd may refer to:

As a name

 * Floyd (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
 * Floyd (surname), a list of people and fictional characters

Places in the United States

 * Floyd, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
 * Floyd, Iowa, a city in Floyd County
 * Floyd, Ray County, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Floyd, Washington County, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Floyd, New Mexico, a village
 * Floyd, New York, a town
 * Floyd, Texas, an unincorporated community
 * Floyd, Virginia, a town in Floyd County
 * Floyd County (disambiguation)
 * Floyd River, Iowa, a tributary of the Missouri River
 * Floyd Township (disambiguation)
 * Camp Floyd / Stagecoach Inn State Park and Museum, a short-lived U.S. Army post near Fairfield, Utah
 * Floyd's Bluff, a hill near Sioux City, Iowa

Storms

 * Hurricane Floyd, major hurricane of 1999
 * Tropical Storm Floyd (disambiguation), for other storms named Floyd

Sports

 * Floyd (horse), a National Hunt racehorse
 * Floyd of Rosedale, bronze trophy awarded to the winner of each college football game between Iowa and Minnesota

Arts and entertainment

 * "Floyd" (30 Rock), a 2010 episode of the sitcom 30 Rock
 * "Floyd", a guitar used by Green Day guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong
 * "Floyd", a song by Lynyrd Skynyrd from the album God & Guns, 2009
 * "Floyd", a song by Kelis from Food, 2014
 * Floyd: Es gibt noch Helden, German title of the 1997 video game Feeble Files by Adventure Soft
 * Pink Floyd, an English progressive rock band

Other uses

 * Floyd baronets, a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
 * Eurogate Rail Hungary, formerly Floyd Zrt, a Hungarian private railway company
 * George Floyd protests, a series of 2020 protests after the murder of George Floyd during a police encounter

title: Floyd


text:
Johann Most

Johann Joseph "Hans" Most (February 5, 1846 – March 17, 1906) was a German-American Social Democratic and then anarchist politician, newspaper editor, and orator. He is credited with popularizing the concept of "propaganda of the deed".

Early years
According to biographer Frederic Trautmann, Johann Joseph Most was born out of wedlock to a governess and a clerk, in Augsburg, Bavaria. Most's mother died of cholera when he was very young. Most was subjected to physical abuse by his stepmother and a schoolteacher; his aversion to religion earned him more beatings at school. To the end of his life Most was "a militant atheist with the zeal of a religious fanatic" who "knew more Scripture than many clergymen knew".

Most developed frostbite on the left side of his face as a young child. For several years thereafter, flesh rotted and infection spread, with the primitive medicine of the day unable to treat the condition. His condition worsened and Most was diagnosed with terminal cancer. As a last-gasp measure a surgeon was called in. A two-inch section of his jawbone was removed, resulting in permanent disfigurement.

At the age of twelve, Most organized a strike of students against a particularly hated teacher, resulting in his expulsion from school. This ended Most's brief period of formal education, forcing him into the workforce as a youth.

Most was apprenticed to a bookbinder, for whom he had to bind books from dawn until sunset, a condition which Most later likened to slavery. At the age of 17 he became a journeyman bookbinder and plied his trade from town to town and job to job, working in 50 cities in 6 countries from 1863 to 1868. In Vienna he was fired and placed on a blacklist for having staged a strike. Unemployable in his trade, he learned to make wooden boxes for hats, cigars, and matches, which he sold on the street until police brought an end to his trade for lacking a license.

Political career
As the 1860s drew to a close, Most was won over to the ideas of international socialism, an emerging political movement in Germany and Austria. Most saw in the doctrines of Karl Marx and Ferdinand Lassalle a blueprint for a new egalitarian society and became a fervid supporter of Social Democracy, as the Marxist movement was known in the day.

Most engaged himself as editor of socialist newspapers in Chemnitz and Vienna, both were suppressed by the authorities, he also worked as editor of the Berliner Freie Presse (Berlin Free Press). Most was a dedicated advocate of revolutionary socialism, sharing the views expressed by Wilhelm Liebknecht in an 1869 speech where he had said; "Socialism cannot be realized within the present state. Socialism must overturn the present state."

In 1873, Most wrote a summary of Karl Marx's Das Kapital. At Liebknecht's request, Marx and Friedrich Engels made some corrections to Most's text for a second edition published in 1876, despite the fact that the pair did not believe the pamphlet represented a satisfactory summary of Marx's work.

In the 1874 German federal election, Most was elected to represent the Chemnitz constituency as a Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany deputy in the Reichstag, in which he served until 1878.

Most was repeatedly arrested for his verbal attacks on patriotism, religion, ethics and for his gospel of terrorism, preached in prose and in many songs such as those in his Proletarier-Liederbuch (Proletarian Songbook). Some of his experiences in prison were recounted in the 1876 work, Die Bastille am Plötzensee: Blätter aus meinem Gefängniss-Tagebuch (The Bastille on Plötzensee: Pages from my Prison Diary).

After advocating violent action, including the use of explosives, as a mechanism to bring about revolutionary change, Most was forced into exile by the government. He first traveled to France but was forced to leave at the end of 1878, settling in London instead. There he founded his own newspaper, Freiheit (Freedom), with the first issue coming off the press on January 4, 1879. Convinced by his own experiences of the futility of parliamentary action, Most began to espouse the doctrine of anarchism, which led to his expulsion from the German Social Democratic Party in 1880.

In March 1881, Most expressed his delight in the pages of the Freiheit over the assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia and advocated its emulation; for this Most was imprisoned by British authorities for a year and a half.

Life in the United States
Encouraged by news of labor struggles and industrial disputes in the United States, Most emigrated to the US upon his release from prison in 1882. He promptly began agitating in his adopted land among other German émigrés. Among his associates was August Spies, one of the anarchists hanged for conspiracy in the Haymarket Square bombing, in whose desk police found an 1884 letter from Most promising a shipment of "medicine," his code word for dynamite.

Most resumed the publication of the Freiheit in New York. He was imprisoned in 1886, again in 1887, and in 1902, the last time for two months for publishing after the assassination of President McKinley an editorial in which he argued that it was no crime to kill a ruler.

"Whoever looks at America will see: the ship is powered by stupidity, corruption, or prejudice," Most said.

Most initially advocated traditional collectivist anarchism, but later embraced anarchist communism. Most was famous for stating the concept of the Propaganda of the Deed (Attentat): "The existing system will be quickest and most radically overthrown by the annihilation of its exponents. Therefore, massacres of the enemies of the people must be set in motion." Most is best known for a pamphlet published in 1885: The Science of Revolutionary Warfare, a how-to manual on the subject of bomb-making which earned the author the moniker "Dynamost."

A gifted orator, Most propagated these ideas throughout Marxist and anarchist circles in the United States and attracted many adherents, most notably Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman.

Inspired by Most's theories of Attentat, Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman, enraged by the deaths of workers during the Homestead strike, put words into action with Berkman's attempted assassination of Homestead factory manager Henry Clay Frick in 1892. Berkman and Goldman were soon disillusioned as Most became one of Berkman's most outspoken critics. In Freiheit, Most attacked both Goldman and Berkman, implying Berkman's act was designed to arouse sympathy for Frick. Goldman's biographer Alice Wexler suggests that Most's criticisms may have been inspired by jealousy of Berkman. Goldman was enraged, and demanded that Most prove his insinuations. When he refused to respond, she confronted him at next lecture. After he refused to speak to her, she lashed him across the face with a horsewhip, broke the whip over her knee, then threw the pieces at him. She later regretted her assault, confiding to a friend, "At the age of twenty-three, one does not reason."

Most was in Cincinnati, Ohio, to give a speech when he fell ill. He was diagnosed with erysipelas. The doctors could do little for him, and he died a few days later.

Personal life
His grandson was Boston Celtics radio play-by-play man Johnny Most.

Works
Note: This list includes only titles published in German or English. Some of Most's writings were translated into Italian, Spanish, Russian, Yiddish, French, Polish, and other languages.
 * Neuestes Proletarier-Liederbuch von Verschiedenen Arbeiterdichtern (Latest Proletarian Songbook by Various Worker-Poets). Chemnitz: Druck und Verlag der Genossenschafts-Buchdruckerei, 1873.
 * Kapital und Arbeit: Ein Populärer Auszug aus "Das Kapital" von Karl Marx (Capital and Labor: A Popular Excerpt from "Capital" by Karl Marx). Chemnitz: G. Rübner, n.d. [1873]. Revised 2nd edition, 1876.
 * Die Pariser Commune vor den Berliner Gerichten: Eine Studie über Deutschpreussische Rechtszustände. (The Paris Commune in Front of Berlin Courts: A Study of German-Prussian Legal Conditions). Brunswick, Germany: Bracke Jr., 1875.
 * Die Bastille am Plötzensee: Blätter aus meinem Gefängniss-Tagebuch (The Bastille on Plötzensee: Pages from my Prison Diary). Brunswick, Germany: W. Bracke, 1876.
 * Der Kleinbürger und die Socialdemokratie: Ein Mahnwort an die Kleingewerbtreibenden (The Petty-Bourgeois and Social-Democracy: A Warning to Small Businessmen). Augsburg: Verlag der Volksbuchhandlung, 1876.
 * Gewerbe-Ordnung für das Deutsche Reich: Mit Erläuterung der für den Arbeiter wichtigsten Bestimmungen (The Industrial Code of the German Empire: With Commentary on the Most Important Provisions for the Worker). Leipzig: Verlag der Genossenschaftsbuchdruckerei, 1876.
 * Freizügigkeits-Gesetz, Impf-Gesetz, Lohnbeschlagnahme-Gesetz, Haftpflicht-Gesetz: Mit Erläuterung der für den Arbeiter wichtigsten Bestimmungen (The Law on Freedom of Movement, the Law on Vaccination, the Law on Wage Attachment, the Law on Liability: With Commentary on the Most Important Provisions for the Worker). Leipzig: Verlag der Genossenschaftsbuchdruckerei, 1876.
 * "Taktika" contra "Freiheit": Ein Wort zum Angriff und zur Abwehr ("Tactics" versus "Freedom": A Word on Attack and Defence). London: Freiheit, n.d. [c. 1881].
 * Revolutionäre Kriegswissenschaft: Eine Handbüchlein zur Anleitung Betreffend Gebrauches und Herstellung von Nitro-Glycerin, Dynamit, Schiessbaumwolle, Knallquecksilber, Bomben, Brandsätzen, Giften usw., usw. (The Science of Revolutionary Warfare: A Little Handbook of Instruction in the Use and Preparation of Nitroglycerine, Dynamite, Gun-Cotton, Fulminating Mercury, Bombs, Fuses, Poisons, Etc., Etc.). New York: Internationaler Zeitung-Verein, c. 1883.
 * Die Freie Gesellschaft: Eine Abhandlung über Principien und Taktik der Kommunistischen Anarchisten: Nebst Einem Polemischen Anhang (The Free Society: An Essay on the Principles and Tactics of the Communist Anarchists: With a Polemical Appendix). New York: self-published, 1884.
 * August Reinsdorf und die Propaganda der That (August Reinsdorf and Propaganda of the Deed). New York: self-published, 1885.
 * Acht Jahre hinter Schloss und Riegel. Skizzen aus dem Leben Johann Most's. (Eight years Under Lock and Key: Sketches from the Life of Johann Most). New York: self-published, 1886.
 * Die Hoelle von Blackwells Island (The Hell of Blackwells Island). New York: self-published, 1887.
 * An das Proletariat (To the Proletariat). New York: J. Müller, 1887.
 * Die Eigenthumsbestie (The Property Beast). New York: J. Müller, 1887. English: The Beast of Property: Total Annihilation Proposed as the Only Infallible Remedy: The Curse of the World which Defeats the People's Emancipation. New Haven, CT: International Workingmen's Ass'n, Group New Haven, n.d. [c. 1890].
 * Die Gottespest (The God Pestilence), New York: J. Müller, 1887. English: The Deistic Pestilence and Religious Plague of Man, n.d. [1880s]. Reissued as The God Pestilence.
 * The Accusation! A Speech Delivered by John Most, at Kramer's Hall, New York, on November 13, 1887, in Denunciation of the Judicial Butchery of the Chicago Anarchists: For Delivering Which, He Has Been Sentenced to Twelve Month's Imprisonment by Judge Cowing. London: International Publishing Co., n.d. [c. 1887].
 * Vive la Commune. New York: J. Müller, 1888.
 * Der Stimmkasten (The Ballot Box). New York: J. Müller, 1888.
 * The Social Monster: A Paper on Communism and Anarchism. New York: Bernhard and Schenck, 1890.
 * The Free Society: Tract on Communism and Anarchy. New York: J. Müller, 1891.
 * Zwischen Galgen und Zuchthaus (Between Gallows and Penitentiary). New York: J. Müller, 1892.
 * Anarchy Defended by Anarchists. With Emma Goldman. New York: Blakely Hall, 1896.
 * Down with the Anarchists! This is the War-Cry Raised by President Roosevelt and Echoed by the Congress of the United States. Now, Then, Hear the Other Side! The Anarchists will Take the Floor. Listen!. New York: John Most, n.d. [c. 1905].
 * Memoiren, Erlebtes, Erforschtes und Erdachtes (Memoirs: Experiences, Explorations, and Thoughts). In 4 volumes. New York: Selbstverlag des Verfassers, 1903–1907.

title: Johann Most


text:
User:Yeft

Yeft
Yeft is one of the most important discoveries of the 21st century. When the analysis of Yeft is fully completed everything you thought you understood about the universe will be turned upside down.

title: User:Yeft


text:
Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere

Jonathan Harold Esmond Vere Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere (born 3 December 1967), is a British peer and owner of a newspaper and media empire founded by his great-grandfather Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere. He is the chairman and controlling shareholder of the Daily Mail and General Trust, formerly "Associated Newspapers", a media conglomerate which includes the Daily Mail.

Early life and career
Lord Rothermere was educated at Gordonstoun School and Duke University.

Harmsworth held various positions in Associated Newspapers and was managing director of the Evening Standard, when the sudden death of his father in 1998 resulted in his becoming the controlling shareholder and chairman of Associated and of its parent Daily Mail and General Trust just before his 31st birthday. One change he has instituted since becoming chairman is requiring directors to retire at age 75.

He has non-domicile (non-dom) tax status and owns his media businesses through a complex structure of offshore holdings and trusts.

According to the International Business Times: "The Daily Mail owner did not deny claiming tax concessions as "non-dom", though he insisted this was because his father had lived in France. Lord Rothermere acquired France as his "domicile of birth" upon his birth as his father acquired a French "domicile of choice" by becoming a tax exile in Paris."

In 2013, Private Eye reported that the non-dom status could be in doubt because of his stately home, Ferne House in Wiltshire, and status as a Freeman of the City of London.

He was a supporter of the then Conservative Party leader David Cameron.

He ranked fourth in the Publishing, Advertising, and PR section of The Sunday Times Rich List of 2013 with an estimated wealth of £720 million. In April 2015, The Sunday Times estimated his net worth at £1 billion.

The BBC's Newsnight programme at the end of January 2017 reported that David Cameron, when Prime Minister, had approached Lord Rothermere to sack Eurosceptic Paul Dacre, the editor of the Daily Mail in the run up to the 2016 EU membership referendum. A representative of Lord Rothermere refused to confirm or deny the story, although a spokesman for Cameron confirmed that he had tried to persuade both Dacre and Rothermere over the vote. Rothermere's representative told the media: "Over the years, Lord Rothermere has been leant on by more than one prime minister to remove Associated Newspapers' editors but, as he told Lord Justice Leveson on oath, he does not interfere with the editorial policies of his papers".

Lord Rothermere chairs the Imperial War Museum foundation, following the tradition set by his great grandfather, the first Viscount.

Personal life
Rothermere married Claudia DeVriese, daughter of Terence J. Clemence, on 15 July 1993. They have five children: In 2002, The Guardian reported that Rothermere had fathered at least one more child prior to his marriage. Rothermere confirmed this in his testimony to the Leveson Inquiry.
 * Vere Richard Jonathan Harold (b. November 1994)
 * Eleanor Patricia Margaret (b. November 1996)
 * Theodora Mairi Ferne (b. July 2001)
 * Iris Geraldine Lilian (b. 2004)
 * Alfred Northcliffe St. John (b. 2010)


text:
Torpedo juice

Torpedo juice is American slang for an alcoholic beverage, first mixed in World War II, made from pineapple juice and the 180-proof grain alcohol fuel used in United States Navy torpedo motors. Various poisonous additives were mixed into the fuel alcohol by Navy authorities to render the alcohol undrinkable, and various methods were employed by the U.S. sailors to separate the alcohol from the poison. Aside from the expected alcohol intoxication and subsequent hangover, the effects of drinking torpedo juice sometimes included mild or severe reactions to the poison.

In the first part of the Pacific War, U.S. torpedoes were powered by a miniature steam engine burning 180- or higher-proof ethyl alcohol as fuel. The ethyl alcohol was denatured by the addition of 5–10% "pink lady", a blend of dye, methanol and possibly other ingredients. Methanol causes blindness when ingested, and cannot be made non-poisonous. The fuel mix was filtered through a compressed loaf of bread, a process which the sailors believed would largely remove the methanol.

Later, a small amount of Croton oil was added to the neutral grain spirits which powered U.S. torpedoes. Drinking alcohol with the oil additive caused painful cramps, internal bleeding and a violent emptying of the bowels. It was intended as a replacement for methanol which had caused blindness in some sailors. To avoid the Croton oil, sailors devised crude stills to slowly separate the alcohol from the poison, as alcohol evaporated at a lower temperature than Croton oil. The stills were sometimes called 'Gilly' stills, and the resulting potable alcohol was known as 'gilly' or gilly juice.

With the introduction of the electric powered U.S. Mark 18 torpedo, ethyl alcohol was no longer required for torpedoes; however, limited quantities of denatured alcohol were (and are) still required by the Electrician's Mates and Interior Communications Electricians on board ship for the purpose of cleaning slip rings, commutators, and carbon brushes on a wide variety of equipment.

The standard recipe for torpedo juice is two parts ethyl alcohol and three parts pineapple juice.

title: Torpedo juice


text:
Sonique (media player)

Sonique is an audio player for Microsoft Windows. Released as freeware, Sonique is capable of handling MP3, Ogg Vorbis, Windows Media Audio (WMA), and audio CDs. Sonique was in development until 2002. It was one of the most popular desktop audio players, second only to Winamp. The major features of Sonique include support for irregular skins, the audioEnlightenment MP3 decoding engine by Tony Million, innovative audio visualizations, and a 20 band graphic equalizer.

History
Sonique had roots in the lesser known Vibe MP3 player that Andrew McCann, Ian Lyman and Paul Peavyhouse created while studying at Montana State University. The trio called themselves Night55, a reference to the speed limit signs used in Montana. In 1997, Night55 sold the rights to Vibe to SGS Thompson for showcasing DVD features in COMDEX '98. After selling the rights to Vibe, Andrew McCann and Ian Lyman began work on Sonique, a more comprehensive MP3 player.

Sonique debuted in January 1998 at the first annual MP3 Summit to enormous excitement, receiving several acquisition offers the same day. Shortly after the MP3 Summit, Lyman and McCann returned to their hometown of Bozeman, Montana and formed Mediascience, Inc. They leased office space in a former coffee shop and hired additional staff to sustain their burgeoning user base. These early hires included Al-Riaz Adatia, Nicholas Vinen, Pol Llovet, and Tony Million. After talks with both Yahoo and Lycos, in 1999, Mediascience was sold to Lycos for US$38.8 million. Terra Networks, S.A. acquired Lycos in mid-2001.

Shortly after the acquisition, the Sonique team began work on Sonique 2, intended to become a platform for listening to, organizing and purchasing digital music. This version, however, never reached general availability. Following the collapse of the dot-com bubble, Lycos laid off the entire Sonique team with the exception of McCann and Lyman. Unhappy with the summary termination of their colleagues, McCann and Lyman left shortly thereafter. A smaller team from Lycos corporate headquarters took over their job but never completed it.

Design
Sonique features a highly stylized aesthetic with an animated menu, which could be customized via skins. Additional functionality includes a basic playlist editor, several visualization modes via plug-ins, a 20-band equalizer with spline-based level adjustment, and a control set featuring pitch, balance and amplification adjustment. It supported MP3, MP2, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, MOD, XM, IT, S3M, Audio CD and Windows Media Audio formats. Third-party plug-ins can add other audio formats and music visualization effect. Sonique can also play to audio streams.

Sonique comes bundled with a test Mp3 file featuring a song snippet by Mamasutra, entitled "Sonique Theme." The comment field in the file metadata reads, "Its so good, so good, so good," mirroring part of the lyrics.

title: Sonique (media player)


text:
File:Bob Seger - Brand New Morning.jpg

Cover for album Brand New Morning by Bob Seger.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright

title: File:Bob Seger - Brand New Morning.jpg


text:
List of peers 1160–1169

Peerage of England

 * Earl of Northampton (1080)||Simon Saint-Lis, 3rd Earl of Northampton||1153||1184||
 * Earl of Surrey (1088)||Isabel de Warenne, 4th Countess of Surrey||1148||1199||
 * Earl of Warwick (1088)||William de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Warwick||1153||1184||
 * Earl of Buckingham (1097)||Walter Giffard, 2nd Earl of Buckingham||1102||1164||Died
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Devon (1141)||Richard de Redvers, 2nd Earl of Devon||1155||1162||Died
 * Baldwin de Redvers, 3rd Earl of Devon||1162||1188||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Leicester (1107)||Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester||1118||1168||Died
 * Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester||1168||1190||
 * Earl of Chester (1121)||Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester||1153||1181||
 * Earl of Gloucester (1121)||William Fitzrobert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester||1147||1183||
 * Earl of Hertford (1135)||Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford||1151||1173||
 * Earl of Richmond (1136)||Conan IV, Duke of Brittany||1146||1171||
 * Earl of Arundel (1138)||William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel||1138||1176||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Derby (1138)||Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby||1139||1162||Died
 * William de Ferrers, 3rd Earl of Derby||1162||1190||
 * Earl of Pembroke (1138)||Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1147||1176||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Essex (1139)||Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex||1144||1160||Died
 * William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex||1160||1189||
 * Earl of Norfolk (1140)||Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk||1140||1177||
 * Earl of Cornwall (1141)||Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall||1141||1175||
 * Earl of Oxford (1142)||Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford||1142||1194||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||Died
 * William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury||1168||1196||
 * Earl of Buckingham (1164)||Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1164||1176||New creation; also the Earl of Buckingham.
 * Earl of Arundel (1138)||William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel||1138||1176||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Derby (1138)||Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby||1139||1162||Died
 * William de Ferrers, 3rd Earl of Derby||1162||1190||
 * Earl of Pembroke (1138)||Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1147||1176||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Essex (1139)||Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex||1144||1160||Died
 * William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex||1160||1189||
 * Earl of Norfolk (1140)||Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk||1140||1177||
 * Earl of Cornwall (1141)||Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall||1141||1175||
 * Earl of Oxford (1142)||Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford||1142||1194||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||Died
 * William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury||1168||1196||
 * Earl of Buckingham (1164)||Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1164||1176||New creation; also the Earl of Buckingham.
 * Earl of Norfolk (1140)||Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk||1140||1177||
 * Earl of Cornwall (1141)||Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall||1141||1175||
 * Earl of Oxford (1142)||Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford||1142||1194||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||Died
 * William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury||1168||1196||
 * Earl of Buckingham (1164)||Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1164||1176||New creation; also the Earl of Buckingham.
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Salisbury (1145)||Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury||1145||1168||Died
 * William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury||1168||1196||
 * Earl of Buckingham (1164)||Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1164||1176||New creation; also the Earl of Buckingham.
 * Earl of Buckingham (1164)||Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1164||1176||New creation; also the Earl of Buckingham.
 * Earl of Buckingham (1164)||Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke||1164||1176||New creation; also the Earl of Buckingham.

Peerage of Scotland

 * Earl of Mar (1114)||Morggán, Earl of Mar||Abt. 1140||Abt. 1178||
 * rowspan=2|Earl of Dunbar (1115)||Gospatric III, Earl of Dunbar||1138||1166||Died
 * Waltheof, Earl of Dunbar||1166||1182||
 * Earl of Angus (1115)||Gille Brigte, Earl of Angus||1135||1187||
 * Earl of Atholl (1115)||Máel Coluim, Earl of Atholl||Abt 1150||Abt 1190||
 * Earl of Buchan (1115)||Colbán, Earl of Buchan||Abt. 1135||Abt. 1180||
 * Earl of Strathearn (1115)||Ferchar, Earl of Strathearn||Abt. 1140||1171||
 * Earl of Fife (1129)||Donnchad II, Earl of Fife||1154||1203||
 * Earl of Ross (1157)||Malcolm MacHeth, Earl of Ross||1157||1168||Died
 * Earl of Menteith (1160)||Gille Críst, Earl of Menteith||Abt. 1160||Abt. 1190||
 * }
 * Earl of Strathearn (1115)||Ferchar, Earl of Strathearn||Abt. 1140||1171||
 * Earl of Fife (1129)||Donnchad II, Earl of Fife||1154||1203||
 * Earl of Ross (1157)||Malcolm MacHeth, Earl of Ross||1157||1168||Died
 * Earl of Menteith (1160)||Gille Críst, Earl of Menteith||Abt. 1160||Abt. 1190||
 * }
 * Earl of Ross (1157)||Malcolm MacHeth, Earl of Ross||1157||1168||Died
 * Earl of Menteith (1160)||Gille Críst, Earl of Menteith||Abt. 1160||Abt. 1190||
 * }
 * }
 * }

title: List of peers 1160–1169


text:
Talk:Gumbo

Etymology
This article could be improved. I'm only commenting as I noticed that this is supposedly a featured article. Using the UN definition of West Africa, there are NO Indigenous Bantu (Niger-Congo B) speaking people in West Africa. The proto-Bantu language most likely owes it's origin to Cameroon. American African slaves were additional to West African, acquired from Wene wa Kongo and it's satellite and tributary states in what is now modern day Angola and Congo. Therefore you should correct the article to specify that the word may be of Southern African or Angolan slave origin if you propose it being a Bantu word derivative. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.178.231.138 (talk) 16:52, 14 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Thank you for commenting. I think the article has gone through various wordings over time, and I raised a problem with how it looked at one stage on this talk page, but due to the obstructive practice of archiving useful discussions you are unlikely to have seen it: Talk:Gumbo/Archive_1. I am too far from this now to be sure whether the problem you mention still stands. I think the section is better at present than I've seen it in the past. Beorhtwulf (talk) 14:10, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

The sentence "The dish derived its name from Africa meaning okra, which may have derived the name from a source such as the Choctaw word for filé (kombo)." needs to be revised. It makes little sense, as it is very unclear, and it provides no sources. 202.166.23.34 (talk) 10:23, 28 February 2019 (UTC)

Toxic gumbo
There has recently been a series of attempts by an IP editor to force in a paragraph referring to the expression "toxic gumbo" used to describe water following Hurricane Katrina. While this might be relevant to the hurricane's article, it had nothing to do with the actual dish; the word was simply co-opted for use in another context. Despite having been reverted by a number of editors, the IP continues for force the edit with highly uncivil edit summaries. I'm opening this discussion in the hope that the IP editor and other involved editors will discuss and establish consensus in a civil matter. My position is already clear -- the paragraph has no place in this article; at best, it's trivia. --Drmargi (talk) 03:22, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * AS one of the targets of this editor insults, the toxic gumbo reference does not belong in the article. It is questionably sourced and irrelevant to the article. Unfortunately the editor in question will just change his IP address, as he has done multiple times in the past, look at the history. --Jeremy (blah blah • I did it!) 20:24, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * The questionable sources are no longer an issue. I found several newspaper articles that were solely about the use of this term in precisely the context the anon was talking about, as well as several relevant instances in Google Books. They're not wrong that it was in fact a real colloquialism, and it's one of the several ways that gumbo has been used as a metaphor in New Orleans -- for instance, there were books that detailed how gumbo has been used throughout history as a metaphor for describing the mix of cultures that lead to New Orleans and Creole culture in general. I think it merits inclusion, described properly as a term that related to a fleeting situation. Steven Walling • talk   20:53, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm glad there are better sources, but I can't agree that it belongs in the article, and in fact think its inclusion opens a Pandora's box. Were it about gumbo, yes.  But it's about a euphemism adopted during the events following Katrina, and belongs in the Katrina article, if anywhere.  It doesn't pass WP:TRIVIA, doesn't fit into the overall flow of the article, and worse, opens the door for a compendium of every colloquial use of gumbo, which I'm sure your book makes clear are plentiful.  I'd also add that it's a distasteful and somewhat insensitive reference to an unfortunate period of time, particularly given it is associated with, as you describe it, a fleeting situation.  --Drmargi (talk) 21:18, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Yeah, but I don't think we have to let a big list in. I think the correct way of going about it is to write a one paragraph or less statement summarizing the uses of the word gumbo in a non-literal sense, and maybe use toxic gumbo as an example. As for distasteful: yes, as someone really enjoys gumbo I agree. :) But verifiability means that if there's a preponderance of sources about a mainstream view of a topic, we should probably include something about it, even if just in passing. Steven Walling • talk   21:29, 2 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I strongly disagree with its inclusion. Just because something is verifiable does not mean it needs to be included. This article is about the food product gumbo. It is not about Hurricane Katrina, and should not be included as such. If there are other meanings or usages for the word there should be a disambiguation page set up and a hat note placed at the top of the article. --Jeremy (blah blah • I did it!) 03:42, 3 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Oh come on. It's a term with the word gumbo in it, directly related to the concept, but disambig pages are not for listing concepts which are unlikely to have an article. They're for disambiguating articles or likely articles. Verifiability and notability are in fact our primary tests for inclusion, and if you looked at the sources, you'd know this meets both requirements easily. At this point it seems like people are reacting negatively based on the IP who was being rude. Don't throw out the baby with the bathwater. When someone, even an anonymous editor, fights for inclusion of something, it's worth taking a second look at the sources and giving it a reasonable chance. This isn't the Israeli-Palestinian conflict here, it's just gumbo. Steven Walling • talk   04:23, 3 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I am not against its inclusion due to an IP contributor with anger management issues, I am against it because it has nothing to do with the food dish known as gumbo besides a onetime trivial usage in another media. Because of this trivial use of the word, I feel that it does not warrant inclusion. Additionally, this usage is simply an example of WP:Recentism that has long passed its expiration. It is not an ongoing, common usage of the term. --Jeremy (blah blah • I did it!) 04:30, 3 September 2012 (UTC)

Exactly! With all due respect for the work Steven did finding better sources, this is a big of linguistic trivia from a point in time long passed. It has nothing to do with the editor, odious as his behavior was -- how about a bit of assumption of good faith on that point? Were I to cruise along and read that paragraph in the article, my reaction would be so what? and to delete it. I'll suggest yet again; put it in the Katrina article and be done with it. It has nothing whatsoever to do with the dish. --Drmargi (talk) 08:20, 3 September 2012 (UTC)
 * As you can see our behaviorally challenged IP is back, IP hopping around the ban. --Jeremy (blah blah • I did it!) 03:25, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I saw that, and let the blocking admin know earlier this evening. --Drmargi (talk) 06:41, 4 September 2012 (UTC)
 * We have a week until he comes back...--Jeremy (blah blah • I did it!) 17:27, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

For the same reasons the others have expressed, I agree that "toxic gumbo" should not be addressed in this article. Newyorkbrad (talk) 18:00, 5 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Please, no Toxic in this Gumbo. It has nothing to do with the subject at hand. Dloh  cierekim  18:15, 5 September 2012 (UTC)

The word "gumbo" can be used to describe some kind of soggy mess (where I live, the soil type is unofficially known as "gumbo"). So it's not surprising that has been extended to "toxic gumbo". I think that information likely belongs in the wiktionary entry for gumbo and but it not really significant in terms of this topic. In the grand scheme of references to the word "gumbo", this is a teeny-tiny percentage and thus is trivia. Karanacs (talk) 16:12, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

I would like to challenge the notion presented on multiple occasions in this article that gumbo is either fowl based or seafood based, but *never* both. This article cites a book that has been praised on its well researched data, but coming from the area of Louisiana known as Acadiana, I have to disagree with this statement. I am aware of restaurants commonly serving gumbo in the form of "Chicken (fowl) and Andouille (or 'Sausage')", or "Seafood" in an effort to be accessible to the eating habits of potential customers, but that does not imply that gumbo is prepared only in those two variations in a Cajun's home. How would I would go about removing these portions of the article for the sake of neutrality while getting the approval of the community? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Killerdank (talk • contribs) 09:08, 11 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Generally, a Wikipedia article should be based on reliable sources. Sometimes we may have first-hand knowledge of something, but if the sources don't discuss it, we can't put it in the article.  Also, articles should be neutral point of view, which means the weight of coverage is given to what is most accepted.  Per the sources, the two types of gumbo (chicken and seafood) are always separate.  Per my Mamaw, who is as Cajun as they come, chicken and seafood are always separate, always have been, always should be or else.  Karanacs (talk) 14:20, 11 January 2013 (UTC)

"Gumbo is traditionally served over rice"
Can this sentence be moved to the end of the first paragraph. Right now it is misleading. I thought it meant only some varieties have rice, due to the context of the second paragraph.

Conflict

 * The Variations section states with reference, Any combination of either meat or seafood can be used, but not both, with the exception of the traditional New Orleans version that features both seafood and sausage., and this appears to be pretty definitive. The article also states "Today, most people are familiar with seafood gumbo and chicken and sausage gumbo.". On 11 January 2013, an editor questioned the content because of personal "knowledge" that it was wrong. A reply rightly explained about reliable sources and inclusion and the editor even gave personal knowledge as reasoning that the content should stay.
 * I live in a Cajun section of Louisiana, not far from the "self-professed" gumbo capital, influenced by Cajun speaking people, French cuisine, and the mother of my foster mom could not even speak English. We had family that owned shrimp boats in Hackberry, Louisiana, so seafood was plentiful and our freezer was always full of seafood. As with most country folks we did (and do) use squirrel, rabbit, and even deer (sometimes with sausage) in our gumbo but we never had seafood mixed with other meats. To this day (years later) I do not eat mixed dishes and think there might even be some possibly divine rule against it. We would also never use tomatoes in our gumbo. There were many people then (the early 70's) as well as now (even offered in restaurants) that do serve mixed dishes, possibly aliens (personal thoughts), but that personal knowledge would be considered original research without proof as in references.
 * That is an excellent idea and it seems there is some proof (not about aliens) offered right on the article page. Please notice that the info box has a great looking image of a bowl of gumbo (dated 2013-03-19) that not only appears to conflict the questioned content but the caption states "A bowl of shrimp, chicken and sausage gumbo, served over rice". I would offer that the picture is not some elaborate hoax, have notified the contributing editor, and think a solution needs to be forthcoming to resolve the conflict. Otr500 (talk) 11:30, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * What's the hubbub? I contributed the image but I don't believe I have contributed to the article's prose. Yes, the image is Gumbo (Zatarain's to be exact) and yes there is chicken, sausage and shrimp in the Gumbo and it is served over rice in this image. I don't know what else to say here so, someone might want to just ask me a question if there is a legitimate concern. I cooked it and photographed it as I often do as an image contributor to Wikipedia and a member of Project Food and Drink. I honestly don't understand the concern here.--Mark Miller (talk) 18:12, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh...and it was delicious. Also...looking closely...there's bacon in this. I love to add bacon to my Gumbo.--Mark Miller (talk) 18:13, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Perhaps what is needed is a photo request? Was there a version of Gumbo that there is a consensus, best represents the dish? I have no problem making it...and eating it....er, after I photograph it.--Mark Miller (talk) 18:37, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I really do not even know how to respond? I re-read my comments, that are in in English, and I actually thought I was pretty clear. Alright, I read it again and you know what? It still seems pretty clear. Either the content is misleading or the picture. I will type slow to make sure it is understood; The article, states Any combination of either meat or seafood can be used, but not both,..., and there is a reference to supposedly back this up. This, by Wikipedia policies and guidelines, means the information is valid, and since Wikipedia does not have to offer the truth, as long as information is referenced, it can be included by consensus. I do not have a problem with that but there is a picture right at the top of the article, that is in direct conflict with content in the article as it conflicts with Any combination of either meat or seafood can be used, but not both.
 * As a reply to I honestly don't understand the concern here.), I suppose some could say the essay's Verifiability not truth and Truth, not verifiability contradict each other but I was not thinking about that, nor do I care how many legs a horse has but conflicting information is confusing and does not help Wikipedia, and I imagine does not belong in a featured article. There is prose that states one thing and a picture (with some writing on it that may or may not be prose), that an editor took, that states and shows the opposite.
 * I sent a comment to the contributing editor of a picture on this article, as a courtesy because there is a conflict with prose content within the article, and that is all the hubbub is about. The last sentence of my above comments even states Please notice that the info box has a great looking image of a bowl of gumbo (dated 2013-03-19) that not only appears to conflict the questioned content (For added clarity that being "Any combination of either meat or seafood can be used, but not both.) but the caption states "A bowl of shrimp, chicken and sausage gumbo, served over rice"  and I am trying to figure out how what is plainly stated can be confusing?
 * A confusion does come to light with the comment "Yes, the image is Gumbo (Zatarain's to be exact)...". My wife told me there is a boxed mix, that the seafood or meat must be added to, and frozen that are ready to thaw, heat, and eat. The contributor stated "Also...looking closely...there's bacon in this". I went to the web and found a recipe from Zatarain's here and apparently they don't mix meat and seafood separating the two, "Gumbo is a savory Cajun or Creole stew served with or over rice. Just add one pound of seafood (shrimp, crabs, or crawfish) or meat (chicken and sausage are very popular) for delicious nine cups gumbo in about 30 minutes.". Other recipes did not mix them either (even stating "This is a real SEAFOOD gumbo. No meat in here", but this may be an alien (from outer space?) because I "might" try a mixed gumbo, but a true Coonass would never put tomatoes in a gumbo. If that word is offensive to some please understand that the word is alive and well in Louisiana despite the ethnic word cleansing attempt (not banning) of the term by the Louisiana legislature and some other (possibly also aliens) "activists", and references state the ethnic group is protected.
 * Mark I guess two questions would be, 1)- Does Zatarain's package a gumbo mix that in fact mixes meat and seafood or do you have a published recipe that uses these?, or 2)- did you purchase a gumbo mix and add meat and seafood to it? I suppose a 3rd question would then be, 3)- IF the picture was taken of a gumbo mix provided by a company, but doctored by adding ingredients not provided by the company, would a picture of this editors semi-home brew constitute original research? I really don't care (see above about the horse thing) but when this picture is added to this article, with the writing that may or may not be considered prose, it presents evidence that there is in fact combinations of gumbo that mix meat and seafood. If a company does sell a package that in fact mixes meat then the article (and reference) MUST be wrong. IF an editor took a picture of a meal cooked using these "packaged" ingredients" it would be proof (a picture of the package to verify contents would too) that there are in fact instances when mixed meat (the added bacon is really OR) and seafood are used together.

 * The contributing editor stated "I contributed the image but I don't believe I have contributed to the article's prose.", and I submit that this statement is an error if the contributing editor of the picture also added the caption (certainly required on the article), that I am pretty certain would be considered prose, A bowl of shrimp, chicken and sausage gumbo, served over rice, then it contributes to misinformation. I will reiterate to help sway possible confusion:
 * 1) This article is listed as being a featured article. For any not familiar with this classification that would be Featured articles are considered to be the best articles Wikipedia has to offer, as determined by Wikipedia's editors. They are used by editors as examples for writing other articles. Before being listed here, articles are reviewed as featured article candidates for accuracy, neutrality, completeness, and style according to our featured article criteria.
 * 2) There is referenced content in this article that states "Any combination of either meat or seafood can be used, but not both,...".
 * 3) There is a picture (are they really worth a thousand words?) that shows this content to be in error, with added (possible prose) wording that is 100% in conflict with # 1 above.
 * There does not need to be a consensus of if there is a "better" picture (Was there a version of Gumbo that there is a consensus, best represents the dish) to use. Within Wikipedia guidelines the picture (original research or not someone else can decide) can be 100% acceptable but in this instance and on this article, it is confusing. This boils down to validity and "verifiability" of references, and make no mistake (don't be confused) a picture "can be used" as a reference. This means that either the picture needs to be replaced or removed (regardless if a replacement is available) or the content in conflict deleted (if this reference is not valid). If an editor taking a picture of a bowl of gumbo personally made with a company supplied packaged mix but altered is more verifiable) or, if both the picture and the content are verifiable references the content needs to be corrected to reflect the two references, one stating one thing but another reference stating (and showing) another. I hope this cleared up any confusion and if not I can delete the picture (and tag as needing one), and a reverting editor, in light of the perplexing situation or in disregard of the policy that states "When reliable sources disagree, present what the various sources say, give each side its due weight, and maintain a neutral point of view ) can be saddled with the burden of proof to revert, remembering it is a featured article. However,
 * Pictures: According to Featured picture criteria, the picture, as used on this article, is not in compliance. The picture does follow #1, #2, #3, #4, and #8.

 * #5 - "Adds significant encyclopedic value to an article and helps readers to understand an article.", with the two included provisions.
 * #6 - "Is verifiable. It is supported by facts in the article or references cited on the image page, or is from a source noted for its accuracy. It is not created to propose new original research, such as unpublished ideas or arguments.".
 * #7 - "Has a descriptive, informative and complete file description in English". If the main ingredients are going to be listed then it might be a stretch for "bacon" to be excluded or too minor to include.
 * Since I was actually just commenting on an obvious inconsistency within the article (and sent a courtesy message to the contributing editor of the picture), and not assuming or implying there is a sinister plot to deceive Wikipedia or readers, as I did note the article is listed as A featured article from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, I assumed (the first three letters can be a bitch sometimes) that the article should actually deserve that classification, be demoted, or corrected (content, picture, or both) to reflect earning the classification.
 * There are still noted issues with in-line "citation needed" tags. I was not involved in the edits that resulted in a Featured article review and resulting article promotion in 2011. The article was tagged January 2014, and is still featured which means it has not been reviewed so far. According to the book (per reference in the article) "There are as many gumbo recipes as there are cooks.", so maybe someone still has interest in the article, and the feature article status, and these small issues can be resolved to maintain the status. These would include solving issues with the tags and resolving the conflict between the content and picture. These could include a)- Finding a recipe with the meat and seafood combination resulting in, b)- Adding the relevant information to the article, c)- Someone finding a replacement picture, or d)- The picture editor making another "politically correct" (for this article ) gumbo and submitting an updated picture. Timely solutions might keep the article as featured because the other result is a demoted article. Otr500 (talk) 22:44, 26 October 2014 (UTC)
 * The article text seems to identify a variant that does include both seafood and meat, though, which would make this image consistent (if not necessarily representative). Do you have any suggestions for alternative images? Nikkimaria (talk) 15:36, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm from Lake Charles LA and have had many different gumbos over the years. More than a few had seafood and meat.  Here is a chicken, sausage and crab gumbo from Emeril Lagasse. http://emerils.com/121379/emerils-country-gumbo VaderSS (talk) 20:10, 13 January 2015 (UTC)
 * My entire point was, the article at the time made is clear that variants applied, I shared the pic here thinking it was an improvement on the one before it. There was a simple answer...replace the image and see if it consensus agreed. In the very discussion above...consensus was not with you but the image was still replaced eventually with enough silent consensus to hold but, nothing you posted above was needed.--Mark Miller (talk) 02:17, 3 October 2016 (UTC)
 * "The picture does follow #1, #2, #3, #4, and #8" Uhm....number one says absolutely NOTHING about images.--Mark Miller (talk) 02:20, 3 October 2016 (UTC)
 * "The article text seems to identify a variant that does include both seafood and meat, though, which would make this image consistent (if not necessarily representative" as is stated above.--Mark Miller (talk) 02:22, 3 October 2016 (UTC)
 * ''"There is a picture (are they really worth a thousand words?) that shows this content to be in error, with added (possible prose) wording that is 100% in conflict with # 1 above.
 * There does not need to be a consensus of if there is a "better" picture (Was there a version of Gumbo that there is a consensus, best represents the dish) to use. Within Wikipedia guidelines the picture (original research or not someone else can decide) can be 100% acceptable but in this instance and on this article, it is confusing. This boils down to validity and "verifiability" of references, and make no mistake (don't be confused) a picture "can be used" as a reference. This means that either the picture needs to be replaced or removed (regardless if a replacement is available) or the content in conflict deleted (if this reference is not valid). If an editor taking a picture of a bowl of gumbo personally made with a company supplied packaged mix but altered is more verifiable) or, if both the picture and the content are verifiable references the content needs to be corrected to reflect the two references, one stating one thing but another reference stating (and showing) another. I hope this cleared up any confusion and if not I can delete the picture (and tag as needing one), and a reverting editor, in light of the perplexing situation or in disregard of the policy that states "When reliable sources disagree, present what the various sources say, give each side its due weight, and maintain a neutral point of view ) can be saddled with the burden of proof to revert, remembering it is a featured article. However," Everything on Wikipedia requires a consensus. Period. " This boils down to validity and "verifiability" of references" Uhm...do you understand that a reference IS NOT REQUIRED FOR IMAGES. Images are original research. "I hope this cleared up any confusion" No...now I want to know why the image was replaced against the obvious consensus here regardless of the above? "When reliable sources disagree, present what the various sources say, give each side its due weight, and maintain a neutral point of view". That has nothing to do with image use policy. I am reverting two years later based on this discussion and relying on others to revert if the silent consensus is enough.--Mark Miller (talk) 02:29, 3 October 2016 (UTC)

Someone needs to travel Louisiana
Agreed that beef is rarely used in Gumbo, however pork is used in many places in Central and North Louisiana to aid the wild taste of a gumbo made with critters such as squirrel, deer, duck, and other wild game. In a lot of homes in North Louisiana a chicken and sausage gumbo is commonplace. As far as gumbo being rarely served in restaurants has the writer traveled in Louisiana or eaten at non-chain restaurants? I've had gumbo in a lot of restaurants especially in Acadiana.173.217.129.124 (talk) 22:07, 8 March 2015 (UTC)
 * You're right, "regular" gumbo is often served in restaurants. gumbo z'herbes is not (and that's what the line was referring to).  As for the rest, the article was written based on the sources that could be found - if you know of any reliable sources that talk about pork in gumbo, we can definitely add that.  Karanacs (talk) 18:16, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

possible FAR
footnotes 5, 6, 10 & 37, Gutierrez (1992), quote 17 times, but there's no book or journal listed below.

check history, it should be but indicate wrong isbn, should be 0878055630? Don't know why removed. section "Thickeners", why delete all footnotes? Also the last paragraph of section "Development".--Jarodalien (talk) 04:37, 20 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I've just reverted the article back to an older version. There's been a lot of vandalism over the last few years and it had degenerated pretty badly.  It should be in much better shape now.  Thanks for adding the cn tag - that made it pop up on my watchlist and I noticed the issues. Karanacs (talk) 05:00, 20 June 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Gumbo. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20110718234453/http://food.oregonstate.edu/ref/pdf/cajun_broussard-marin.pdf to http://food.oregonstate.edu/ref/pdf/cajun_broussard-marin.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 03:57, 29 May 2016 (UTC)

Beef In Gumbo
Beef is not often used in Gumbo today but prior to WWII it was often found in many (if not most) gumbo recipes. TourCreole (talk) 13:36, 5 July 2017 (UTC)

Creole Trinity is 20th Century
The Creole Trinity (onion, celery, bell pepper) does not appear in Creole recipes until after WWII. Variations of it are often used - onion and bell pepper, onion and celery, etc., sometimes garlic, often thyme - and often no seasoning vegetables at all. One can see this in the very sources quoted in this article, as well as in The Christian Women's Exchange's "Creole Cookery"(1885) and in "La Cuisine Creole," attributed to Lafcadio Hearn (also 1885). TourCreole (talk) 13:45, 5 July 2017 (UTC)

Chicken or Meat Along With Seafood
"La Cuisine Creole", published 1885, attributed to Lafcadio Hearn combines chicken, beef, ham and seafood in several recipes, including "REMARKS ON GOMBO OF OKRA OR FILEE" and in "GOMBO WITH CRABS OR SHRIMP", which contains ham and seafood; "OYSTER GOMBO WITH FILEE, NO. 1" contains chicken, ham and oysters; "GOMBO FILEE WITH OYSTERS, NO. 2" also uses ham and seafood; "CHICKEN GOMBO WITH OYSTERS" is exactly, that; "CRAB GOMBO, WITH OKRA" uses crabs, ham and beef or veal stock.

Celestine Eustis's COOKING IN OLD CREOLE DAYS" has several chicken/seafood gumbo recipes, as does The Christian Women's Exchange's 1885 "CREOLE COOKERY."

In 1951 Mary Land published "LOUISIANA COOKERY" and her recipes are either/or but not both. (Nor does it contain the Creole Trinity, only onions.) However, in "TO A KING'S TASTE (A CARNIVAL OF RECIPES) published by The National Society of the Colonial Dames Of America in the State of Louisiana in 1952, the Gumbo File' recipe contains chicken and oysters. (Also no Creole Trinity - seasoned with onion, thyme and parsley.)

To this day, many people in New Orleans use any and all combinations of poultry, sausage, meat and seafood in a pot of steaming gumbo.

We cannot look at a historic food such as gumbo with modern eyes. The historic cookbooks are plentiful and they tell a very different story. TourCreole (talk) 14:20, 5 July 2017 (UTC)

Toxic
I don't think so, do u Zzzsd (talk) 14:30, 16 September 2017 (UTC)

Alabama and Mississippi?
A series of edits were made to include Mississippi and Alabama as states where gumbo is popular. I'm highly skeptical of that, so I'm reverting them. I think if we include references to consumption in the broader Southeast, we should emphasize that it is primarily a Louisiana food, and add sources for any states aside from Louisiana. To be honest, I see no reason why we shouldn't go back to the last version on November 2, 2017. 2601:84:8902:2970:AC4F:BBB6:21B:6884 (talk) 19:50, 23 December 2017 (UTC)

Didn't mention Crayfish
Crayfish, or crawfish, are common in warmer states and New.Orleans recipes, especially gumbo, usually contain them. TaylorLeem (talk) 05:03, 5 July 2020 (UTC)

"Gumbo" means "okra."
The stew must have okra in it to be called "okra." 2600:1700:53F2:290:A5EC:7BB5:1FCB:8E68 (talk) 21:58, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

 * No, it actually doesn't. That's not how words work. They take on the meaning of whoever's using them, to mean whatever they meant when the person said them. Gumbo might mean okra, but it also means a Cajun/Creole dish that may or may not contain okra. Kronos o (talk) 07:10, 28 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Gombo or Sauce Gombo is also still eaten in Africa, by the way, by its original name and preparation. It is where the dish comes from. People in the caribbean also have it. So it's not just "Cajun/Creole", just so you know. Its also Creole has more claims to it than Cajun, who borrowed the dish. Researcherofgreatness (talk) 00:13, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

Gumbo aka Gombo / Sauce Gombo and its other Variant named sauces are still eaten in Africa
Gombo or Sauce Gombo is still eaten in Africa, by the way, by its original name, Gombo and original preparation method. Also some other ethnicities who dont call it gombo also have their own gombo dish based on an Okro made into a sauce and seafood (and meat too features in some recipes). Stop trying to remove Gombo from its African roots. Its a sauce still eaten in Africa till today called Gombo. You can find many Africans making their Gumbo online. The etymology of the word is African. The food was created by Africans. The enslaved Africans in Louisiana replicated it, just like the enslaved Africans in the Caribbeans did. So it wasnt created in Louisiana nor by Cajuns nor native americans. Contributed file, fine, but it wasnt invented there by anyone else. Some white Cajuns who find identity by mimicking Creole food need to not do that. Ignoring the African roots is very bizarre and why some people rant about cultural appropriation today. Erasure is real. Researcherofgreatness (talk) 00:20, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * We go by what reliable sources say, not your opinion. You appear to want the article to say that Louisiana gumbo is an African dish, which it is not, and saying so would erase its history of development by other ethnic groups in Louisiana. The dish eaten in Africa is not exactly the same as the dish that developed in Louisiana—this article is not about the African dish. The cites of personal blogs you've been adding to the article are not reliable sources, per WP:SELFPUBLISH.

 * The article explicitly acknowledges that African-American persons were involved in its evolution in Louisiana, saying "its exact origins are unknown, gumbo is often believed to be a dish of mixed origins of African, French, Spanish, Native American, Caribbean and German influence. Enslaved African-Americans often exchanged or combined ingredients in order to make the dish, allowing it to serve as a means of community and identity." Carlstak (talk) 00:55, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * The Wikipedia article seems to suggest that Gombo was just okro on the African continent and developed to a sauce in America, which is wrong. It was already a sauce / dish which the enslaved Africans brought over that they were already eating back home. Ofcourse Louisiana Gumbo develop to be its own meal and had external contributions from other communities. Secondly, kumbo or any variant of the word isn't of native America origin, if anything its a borrowed word. It has no native American choctaw meaning or etymology. File being called khumbo or whatever isn't a proof or etymology. And leaving it as that vaguely suggest that it's just a coincidence that its similar with the African word Gombo/Kombo. That's all. Researcherofgreatness (talk) 02:18, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Right off the bat the "Etymology" section of the article says the name of the "dish comes most likely from Africa" and that the "dish was likely named after one of its two main ingredients, okra or filé"; it doesn't say that it was those two ingredients. The section mentions that the "native Choctaw people used filé, or dried, ground sassafras leaves to thicken soups and stews" and that they "called sassafras komho and called filé kombo or kombo ashish"—to point out the similarity of the names to the names for okra in Bantu languages—it doesn't claim that those Choctaw words were necessarily part of the word's etymology. Carlstak (talk) 15:14, 20 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gumbo