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Talk:Kirby Super Star

Revenge of Meta Knight
I think in Revenge of Meta Knight as a main game

Your English teacher should be put in jail. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.74.1.247 (talk) 15:25, 25 December 2008 (UTC)

Title screen picture
I think I need to move the title screen picture, or remove it. I think the way it sandwiches the text (the infobox and picture) doesn't look to good. Anyone have any suggestions? --gakon5 (talk)

Games Order
There has been some errors about the order of the games. Great Cave Offensive is available right away and if beaten unlocks Milky Way Wishes. Beating Dyna Blade unlocks Revenge of Meta Knight. If Milky Way Wishes is beaten it unlocks The Arena. Lastly Beating The Areana unlocks the sound test. Some of this info is allready in but it just needs to be organized. Greyhead 17:14, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Nah, the Great Cave Offensive must be finished to unlock Revenge of Meta Knight. - A Link to the Past (talk) 17:44, 15 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Odd, when I finished Dyna Blade it unlocked Revenge. But then their is the fact that I had allways finished Dyna Blade before the Great Cave Offensive. Dyna unlocked Revenge, and then The Great Cave unlocked Milkay Way Wishes in my game. I think I'll start up a new file and try beating The Great Cave first and see, what happens then. Greyhead 19:14, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

This is the order it has always been for me, although I do not know if it is definite, I would assume it is:

Unlocks: Revenge of the Meta Knight: Beat Spring Breeze and Dyna Blade

Milky Way Wishes: Beat all of the original four games, as well as Revenge of the Meta Knight

The Arena: Beat Milky Way Wishes

Sound Check: Beat the Arena.

Although I’ve never tried it, Meta Knight may only call for the completion of Dyna Blade, I will investigate.

 * I've played this many times, and I can definitavly say (I experimented) that this is the order:

 * Unlock Metaknight: Beat Dynablade (Spring breaze is not necesary)

 * Unlock Milky Way Wishes: Beat Great Cave Adventures

 * Unlock Arena: Beat Milky Way Wishes.

When you say "Beat Great Cave Offense" do you mean get to the end, or get to the end with all the treasures?
 * Just reach the end. - A Link to the Past (talk) 18:55, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Marx
Does anyone know why the final boss of Milky Way Wishes was named Marx? Is it related to Karl Marx? --Acepectif 23:06, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

It's supposed to be "Mark". At least, that's his Japanese name. No idea why they changed it, maybe it looked cooler. 208.101.136.228 14:58, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

In Japan, foreign names sound very cool to them, like how Japanese names are cool to us. In America, however, giving some celestial being an average name like Mark would be awfully silly sounding. It only makes sense. 76.175.116.65 (talk) 21:01, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

 * "Japanese names are cool to us"
 * No. Japanese names only sound cool to Japan fanboys and (even moreso) fangirls. To everyone else, they sound bizarre. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.139.34.218 (talk) 01:33, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

Samus Link and Mario rarest
I've seen the man a lot of times, and even his sliding sprite, but I've NEVER seen Link or Samus, and only Mario once. It should be added that they're the rarest.
 * You talking about the rock ability, right? I've seen Mario and Samus a few times each, but I wasn't even aware of Link. I think I've seen Mario more than Samus. DeathWeed
 * I don't think the Link cameo even exists. I definitely recall the Mario and Samus statues, but I never saw Link once. Maetch 18:29, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * That makes me feel bad- I've never seen Mario. But I have seen Samus on numerous occasions.24.5.110.50 03:39, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Kirby Super Star DS
Anyone else hear about this? I've seen screens but just want to check if anyone else has seen it.--Flawful 17:25, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

I have, but I'm not sure if it's real. I guess it probably is, but the placeholder sprites are awfully ugly. XD --Alice2 22:37, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

'Kirby Super Star DS', as it might have been called in the past, has been renamed Kirby Super Star Ultra for the American release, has English screen shots, release date, box art, and more. It IS real, and it DESERVES its own page. 76.175.116.65 (talk) 21:05, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

It does deserve it's own page. There's much more to be said about it than what this article currently says. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.37.110.83 (talk) 16:26, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

Still on track for 2007?
If this game is still coming out in 2007, it only has to Monday's left to do it. (24th, 31st) JesseMeza (talk) 20:21, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

It can be assumed that with the release of Kirby Super Star Ultra, the games' DS remake, Nintendo may feel that it would be unnecessary to release it on Virtual Console. However, they did release Super Mario 64, so.... 76.175.116.65 (talk) 21:03, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

Music Sample
The "music sample" you have there is from the Dreamland stage in Super Smash Bros., not from Kirby Super Star. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.16.99.113 (talk) 03:06, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

This game was released WAAAAY before super smash bros. Yes, that song is indeed from kirby super star, and was not originally from ssb. —Preceding unsigned comment added by RoieTRS (talk • contribs) 17:38, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

Read my sentence again. The version you have listed as being from Kirby Super Star here is the version created for Smash Bros., not the original song. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.16.99.113 (talk) 03:06, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Stop deleting the page
Who keeps deleting the Super Star Ultra page? Sure there isn't a truck load of information on it yet, but doesn't it deserve its own page? It keeps getting its own page and keeps getting deleted. I know it's 100% official. 76.175.116.65 (talk) 19:56, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

Name
I read somewhere that the name of the remake was Kirby Super Star Ultra.--75.85.111.141
 * That's the name of the DS remake. --76.71.214.97 (talk) 01:38, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Separate Article
I've found that Nightmare in Dream Land and Super Star Ultra are quite similar. Both are remakes of older Kirby games. But why is it that Nightmare in Dream Land constitutes a separate article from Kirby's Adventure, whereas Super Star Ultra had to be merged into Super Star? Is it because we don't know the full extent of the game's content? Teamrocketspy621 (talk) 16:03, 28 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I also feel that the two should be separate articles rather then the same. --Drkirby (talk) 00:48, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * AgreedGENERALZERO (talk) 02:28, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Unless anyone can come up with a reason not to have a septate article, I will be undoing the blanking of the old KSSU page, removing the redirect, and updating it with the new info we have.--Drkirby (talk) 04:20, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I wrote an "edit war" message in the KSSU talk page to avoid useless discussion in it, just in case. I really do not understand why some users don't think KSSU doesn't deserve its own article, the "Nightmare in Dream Land" reason justifies it totally.SSBMboss (talk) 04:34, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It seems the separate article for KSSU keeps getting removed, with many saying "It doesn't deserve it's own article.GENERALZERO (talk) 05:20, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * In many cases, remakes differ significantly enough from the originals to warrant a separate page (see Contra 4 or Bionic Commando Rearmed), however this game is not out yet, and the information on it is sparse at best. I think a good rule-of-thumb for remakes should be to have their title re-direct to a "remake" or "planned remake" section in the main body of the original game until such time as it is actually released.  In order for something to be notable (especially as to distinguish it from a prior incarnation), more information is needed in precisely which ways it differs, rather than high-level discussion or speculation about announced new features.  My opinion is that the solution to this debate would be to wait until there is more than a paragraph or two to say about the remake before splitting it into its own article.  Once there is more information (in the form of concrete examples, screenshots, reviews, etc), I think that a new article would speak for itself. ∴ Wa lk er aj  18:05, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

OK, for now let's have the articles merged, but when the release is approaching, we can give it a separate article, because by then more information will be revealed. 76.175.116.65 (talk) 18:15, 30 August 2008 (UTC)

Survey for seprating the articles
I believe that Kirby Super Star Ultra has enough new content to warrant its own new article, so I am starting this survey on behalf of myself and other who wish to discuss opinions on this and why or why not it should or shouldn't get its own article

Please clearly state your position for the separating of the articles *Support to give Kirby Super Star Ultra its own article, or *Oppose to keep it combined, then sign your comment.

Because polling is no substitute for talking about it, please explain your reasons.

 * Support With the 2 new sub games added (Along with 3 new mini games) updated graphics, added functionality added to the old sub games, such as bottom screen support and two player multiplayer added to Gourmet Race, are ground enough to justify the game to get its own article. In not merely a straight port, and saying that there is not enough new content to have its own article is comparable to saying Kirby's Adventure and Kirby: Nightmare in dreamland doesn't deserve to be separate (It adds updated Graphics, 1 new mode, and 3 new mini games, less then Kirby Super Star Ultra adds), or FE3 should be merged with the FF1 article, since all it does is update the graphics and adds a new chapter to the story.

Also, the large amount of content is lost between merging and making its own article, as exampled below.

--Drkirby (talk) 17:42, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Kirby Super Star Ultra's article before remergeing: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirby_Super_Star_Ultra&oldid=229721124
 * Kirby Super Star Ultra's section after the merge: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirby_Super_Star&oldid=229653176#Remake

 * Support I support a separate article. Like the SNES article, they explain the story of each sub-game, so with new games added, we put the stories for the "Revenge Of The King" and "Meta Knight Ultra" in the article.GENERALZERO (talk) 18:16, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Support I support the existence of the Kirby Super Star Ultra article 100%. Here's one reason why: Kirby: Nightmare in Dreamland has its own article. Why doesn't this game have it's own article then? It has more content than the original Super Star than Nightmare in Dreamland did with Adventure.--76.173.139.63 (talk) 21:35, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * By the way, how the heck do we get the Kirby Star Star Ultra page back to a full article? The page is virtually being... well... destroyed by some people...--76.173.139.63 (talk) 22:15, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Support. I'm pretty sure I started this whole thing by saying that Nightmare in Dream Land, which is also a remake, warrants a separate article. I propose that Super Star Ultra should get the same treatment. Teamrocketspy621 (talk) 01:12, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Support - I noticed the a while ago, and thought the remake was notable enough for its own article. It doesn't seem to be a barebones port, like Super Mario Advance, so I'm all for separating it. Fin©™ 11:11, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Support' - It is real. It's annoying how the article keeps getting merged, it deserves it's own page.

 * Total support - This remake totally deserves its own article. It's so obvious it's making my wiki-eyes bleed of hexadecimal Red color. The KNDL example makes it SO CLEAR. (now I'm wondering if somebody will think something like "Oh, let's make a "this article should be merged in to K's Adv, lol"", this would be pretty retarded) Seriously, the article was just fine as it was, information box, the superb, new, and colorful box art, well, just, let that article live. SSBMboss (talk) 08:27, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Support. Like everyone else is saying, Nightmare in Dream Land has it's own article, so this should too. Y'know, I don't see anybody having said they oppose it. And this poll started 2 weeks ago. I think it should be put back now. ~m190049 (talk) 21:04, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I put it back up. And A Link to the Past hasn't been pissing us off for a long while. :-) --76.173.139.63 (talk) 14:29, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I can't say that there's a lot of good faith in not notifying someone involved in the discussion that a vote is taking place. And I can't say that votes don't suck.
 * Care to explain why this article needs to be separate? A semi-remake with two paragraphs about it does not need its own article. There's never been any assertion that the article needs to exist, merely that these people WANT it to.
 * "This article does or is this" is not a rationale to do or be what it is. Maybe it should be merged too? Or maybe it simply has enough content to warrant it? Unlike KSSU, it has a new engine built from the ground-up - this is a case of an 8-bit game becoming a 32-bit game versus a 32-bit game becoming a 32-bit game again. - A Link to the Past (talk) 19:13, 20 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It has new sub-games. This means NEW storylines.--76.173.139.63 (talk) 00:08, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Articles don't become articles because they "deserve" to be. This article can't have a gameplay section because it's the same gameplay as KSS. It can't mention the stories from KSS or describe the mini-games from KSS except for additions or changes. It can't mention any returning music or sound since it's already in the KSS article. All this article CAN have is "changes", new plots, development, and reception. If it doesn't need to be separate from the original game, it shouldn't be separate. - A Link to the Past (talk) 05:51, 22 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It hasn't been released yet. Give it a chance.--76.173.139.63 (talk) 18:37, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It might be better to wait until it's been out for some time, that way we know more about it so we can write enough to make a whole new article. 76.175.116.65 (talk) 19:28, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Support I support the existance of a seperate page for Kirby Super Star Ultra.  I personally own the game, and there is much, MUCH more that could be said on it.  Besides, it's an awesome game.  I'd give it 10 stars.  Also, super mario 64 DS has its own article, even though it's a remake of super mario 64.  Kirby Super Star Ultra should be granted the same.

 * Support: This really looks unprofessional, like two full articles glued together. Let's get with the program! 71.126.181.225 (talk) 00:07, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Support: Helper to hero, meta knightmare ultra, capsule J2, true arena, revenge of the king, snack tracks, kirby on the draw, kirby card swipe, and treasures for the great cave offensive. there's all of the differences between the two games.  I also agree with the IP user above me. Solar Flute (talk) 18:49, 6 December 2008 (UTC)

Kirby Super Star Ultra: Two new Arena modes
What does that mean?--76.173.139.63 (talk) 04:07, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
 * When was this ever confirmed? Should we just remove that from the article? 76.175.116.65 (talk) 19:25, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes it was. In Nintendo Power's article, they stated the new Modea, but not exactly what they were.GENERALZERO (talk) 00:46, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

There are two new arena modes. The first mode is called arena, and is a normal mode where you play as kirby and fight all of the bosses you've seen, like in boss endurance. The second mode is called helper to hero, and it is the same as arena except you fight with a helper. The helper could be any normal enemy, not boss, that has a helper. So for example, your helper could be a waddle dee with a parasol. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.37.110.83 (talk) 16:34, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

Should we add the press event?
Do you think its justifiable to add the press event done for Kirby Super Star Ultra, along with a picture of one of the Kirby Flogos?

Link to an article about the press event: http://www.wiimedia.com/news/view/kirby_flies_over_alabama_in_fluffy_pink_clouds/

--65.2.92.37 (talk) 03:31, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

:O
What, it got delayed a week? How do you know? 66.203.51.193 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 15:48, 22 September 2008 (UTC).

Okay, this has got to stop.
Someone keeps reverting my edits to this article. I'm here to confirm a few things.

 * 1) About Gourmet Race being one of the main games rather than a game along the lines of Megaton Punch or Samurai Kirby: Look at the file selection screen of Kirby Super Star. When you first start off, notice that there are six stars in each file. Whenever you complete one of the main games, a number gets added to one of the stars. For example, Spring Breeze adds a "1" to a star, and The Great Cave Offensive adds a "4" to another. In the same manner, completing Gourmet Race adds a "3" to one of the stars, justifying its place as a main game (along with the fact that it adds to the completion rate displayed below the stars). Also, completing The Arena adds a small star saying "EX" below the other six stars.
 * 2) Someone wrote that there's a scene in Kirby Super Star Ultra where Marx tells Kirby about NOVA. The thing is, this scene already exists in the original Kirby Super Star, and you can see it by going to the Milky Way Wishes title screen and either wait for a short or press the X button. Plus, I added citation to the fact that Marx is responsible for the sun and moon fighting (in the original SNES version, he simply said, "The Sun & Moon are fighting. Go find NOVA," where he said, "I got the sun and moon to fight. I got you to go into space..." in the DS version.)
 * 3) If you compare the credits of both the SNES and DS versions, you'll see that Masahiro Sakurai was credited as the director in the DS version, and Shinya Kumazaki was credited in his place in the DS version.
 * 4) Sword Knight is exclusive to the DS version, as he serves as both one of Meta Knight's helpers and a playable character in Helper to Hero.
 * 5) There are a quite a few "yous" in reference to the reader. Wikipedia in general discourages this.
 * 6) The major difference to Helper to Hero and the other Arena modes (the bosses were not randomized) was not addressed in the article.

As I was writing this, user A Link to the Past just wrote on my talk page about my edits, even accusing me of ones I didn't make in the first place. If he reads this, he should be able to see most of my justifications. — NES Boy (talk) 22:40, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
 * So basically, if I want to remove any bad content that you add, I have to painstakingly remove every single instance? Because apparently, you can't just not put that bad content in. That Sword Knight is exclusive to the DS version is absolutely, 100% unnecessary and trivial. You can't tell me that I can't revert your edits because there's a few good aspects to your edits. Like I said on your talk page, you can either resubmit your edit WITHOUT the trivia, game guide content, and original research, or leave it alone. And the header? Why does it have to end? Because you don't want to listen to guidelines and choose to ignore every single facet of quality? I reverted bad content, and if you don't like it, there's not many people who would come to your side to fight against bad content removal. - A Link to the Past (talk) 22:57, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

Split
Ultra has been out for three weeks. When is it going to be split from the article? 66.194.129.26 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 18:36, 12 October 2008 (UTC).
 * There is no deadline for it to be an article. This article isn't even that big with the game merged, so I see no compelling reason to split, especially since what's written in this article about KSSU is pretty much the size of what it would be if split, sans development information. Four paragraphs is not an article. - A Link to the Past (talk) 18:51, 12 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Right now, it stands as part of an article. If it splits, we could easily gather more information for it without feeling like we're overloading an article about one thing with stuff from another.

I think it'd be pretty easy to get dev. info, screenshots, review information, etc. etc. Pretty easy with google, but I'd (personally) feel uncomfortable putting all that stuff in this article seeing as how KSSU is part of the KSS article. - ~VNinja~ 19:48, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
 * There's nothing wrong with KSSU being a big part of the article. The DS version of FFIII is strewn throughout the NES article, and it works just fine. I just don't see why we should split - the KSSU section can be expanded just fine, and the article as it stands is not very long and not very good. - A Link to the Past (talk) 17:54, 14 October 2008 (UTC)
 * But right now, the 'article' is not an article. The part about KSSU is a little more than a passing mention in the world of wikipedia. I think a split is in good order for the good of both articles. - ~VNinja~ 00:14, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
 * It's three paragraphs, what will you accomplish by splitting it? The gameplay is exactly the same so the Gameplay section would merely link to this article's gameplay section, the games section would be the same as it is now, and the new sections, reception and development, would add two, three paragraphs at most, which could easily be added on this article. All a split does is make two short articles. - A Link to the Past (talk) 04:19, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

Look, you wikipedia types shouldn't mind if it is small. BECAUSE YOU'VE BEEN BLEEDIN SHORTENING EVERY ARTICLE YOU CAN GET YOU'RE HANDS ON THESE DAYS!

Now that I've got that out of my system, Kirby: Nightmare in Dreamland says hi. 66.203.46.178 (talk) 13:16, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry we remove bad content that should never appear on an article. We'll all suddenly stop improving articles straight away.
 * NiD is a game built up from the ground-up. It could potentially be merged, but it's not a matter of discussion, because these are different scenarios. NiD can discuss its own gameplay because it has its own gameplay. KNiD is an enhanced remake, KSSU is a remake (barely). - A Link to the Past (talk) 17:24, 15 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Mr.IP You should seriously quit talking.

 * That not what I consider improving articles, I consider it removing massive portions of information from articles that previously gave you lots of information on the subject. Do you WANT people to have to go to other wikis to get their information? Cuz that's what's happening, since all the articles are being butchered.
 * I want people to go to other Wikis for information that doesn't belong on this one, yes. - A Link to the Past (talk) 03:47, 17 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Wow, that's nice. I just think wikipedia should have the most information it possible can, not just what you consider important. 75.185.81.93 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 20:39, 18 October 2008 (UTC).
 * Urm, yes, it is nice, because Wikipedia is not a dumping ground for every single piece of irrelevant information. - A Link to the Past (talk) 04:18, 19 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Who said it was irrelevent? A whole lot of useful information relating to the articles was destroyed simply because it was deemed not important enough. But that doesn't mean it wasn't useful to people using wikipedia. 66.203.61.65 (talk) By the way, why is it important for my signiture to show what time I posted? —Preceding undated comment was added at 17:25, 22 October 2008 (UTC).

 * This is also an enhanced remake. Did you not notice the enhanced graphics and extra features? Also, why are you thanking him Vninja? I'm on your side. :( 75.185.81.93 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 00:54, 17 October 2008 (UTC).
 * Erm, KNiD was built from the ground-up, though based on KA's design. KSSU has spruced up visuals and remade modes - Meta Knightmare Ultra was just KSS with a new final boss (which is just based on Meta Knight), Revenge of the King is a remake of Spring Breeze with a new boss and a revised King Dedede, and the two arenas are just two twists on the arena. - A Link to the Past (talk) 03:49, 17 October 2008 (UTC)
 * It may have been built from the groudup, but it is still based on Kirby's Adventure, and that makes it a remake by anyone's standereds. Are you saying a remake of an NES game deserves it's own page, but a remake of an SNES games doesn't? That makes no sence. 75.185.81.93 (talk)

Thank you :). Anyway, back to the point. Right now, you only think that the KSSU article wouldn't expand because of how it is now. Well, the only reason it's not expanding is because of how it is now, merged into a different article when it could easily stand upon it's own. Besides, arguing won't get us anywhere. If we really want to find out if it could, let's split them for a week and see if they both do good. Agree? - ~VNinja~ 00:34, 16 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Fine, but only on the condition that it's big enough that splitting it off will both not harm this article and that it will grow into an article is sufficient quality that is enough of a stand-alone title. - A Link to the Past (talk) 04:17, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Woah, why did you guys just throw your conversation into my text? That's just rude... Anyway, awesome. I'll see if I can get some help splitting it, and I should start soon. - ~VNinja~ 22:12, 17 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Are you working on splitting it? - A Link to the Past (talk) 22:18, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

I agree with the split. It looks like two articles taped together. Besdies, we have a seperate article for nightmare in dreamland. Solar Flute (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 18:35, 6 December 2008 (UTC).

Citing yourself
Hello, I'm the owner of a Kirby fan site, and I compiled a (at least it seems) complete list of the differences between Super Star and Super Star Ultra, excluding obvious new features like graphics, modes, enemies, etc. since those are new additions. I thought it might be a good page to cite somewhere for Super Star Ultra, but I wanted to know: If the page is good, is it okay to cite your own website? By the way, the page is here: http://www.thechaogarden.com/popopopalace/kssu-changes.html 76.175.116.65 (talk) 19:16, 9 November 2008 (UTC)
 * The site itself is not significant enough to be considered a reliable, secondary source, but besides that, a site owned by you cannot be cited by you due to WP:COI. - A Link to the Past (talk) 19:24, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

Ohh, I see, thank you for clarifying that, A Link to the Past. It's actually a relatively "new" site, so it probably wouldn't be good for citing--that's for major sites. Once again, thanks. 76.175.116.65 (talk) 23:20, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

EU Release Date
It says 28 November for the European DS release, although I can't see any other place that says this, or has the game. What's the source for this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.25.249.31 (talk) 14:13, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Also wondered about that, thanks for pointing it out. Neither IGN nor Gamekult mention a specific EU date, so I removed it. --Grandy02 (talk) 14:19, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

I'm the one (see my IP, I haven't registered... yet) who complained twice about the lack of any EU release date for Ultra by editing the apposite section under its own cover art (first saying "this is taking forever" - or something similar - next to "TBA" and then writing "release date needed" in the same place. Sorry about that, but said lack makes me nervous - just consider how long did Brawl's EU release take. How come nobody knows the PAL release date at all? I hope Ultra won't suffer "Chibi-Robo: Park Patrol"'s same fate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.47.232.199 (talk) 23:04, 18 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Your complaints are understandable, but please don't use the article for them again. Anyway, I don't know why it takes so long. However, you should keep in mind that several other, more recent Kirby games also were released much later in Europe after their first release. Examples: Nightmare in Dream Land Oct 2002 in Japan and Sep 2003 in Europe (almost a year), Squeak Squad/Mouse Attack Nov 2006 in Japan and Jun 2007 in Europe (also a long gap). The only reason I can think of is that Kirby games aren't that successful in Europe (no comparison to Japan). --Grandy02 (talk) 20:10, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

You're right about my whimsical - and childish - behavior I've shown off before. From now on, I'll keep improving anonymously articles until I get used to edits; then I'll log in and become an official member of Wikipedia. I've made a similar edit about Spyro The Dragon's european re-release date, though in a more serious and mature way, only using a single word, "sadly", to show the need of said date. Now, I don't know how to sign my comment (but I'm the same guy on the comment above the one by Grandy02), so can someone do it for me? Thanks! :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.57.27.53 (talk) 21:14, 20 January 2009 (UTC)

Release dates
An anonymous user keeps changing the release dates. We should find a source for these so we know what's correct. Gary (talk) 19:47, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

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External links modified (January 2018)
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Discussion to remove Donkey Kong Country Shot 2.png and Streets of Rage 2 action.png from this article
These two images are meant in their fair use rationales for specifically and only the articles Donkey Kong Country and Beat 'em ups. Use of the images in these articles are not permitted as they

a) do not specify that in their rationales

b) are violating the rules as per WP:F

c) do not contribute or add to discussion to the article (are not necessary).

I will remove them within a few hours, if there is no reasoning as to why they're here. ~ P*h3i   (talk to me)  03:25, 9 February 2018 (UTC)
 * The reason why I have these pics of DKC and streets of rage is as to augment the reason why they decided to use elements of these games, also I'm going to revert your edits TommyGu (talk) 02:52, 10 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Augmentation (or what this is, repeating information) using images is prohibited on Wikipedia; they are able to be explained adequately in text form. Most video game articles only have two copyrighted images under fair use: the cover art and one gameplay screenshot depicting as much as it can. Those that have more absolutely require their presence as they illustrate two very different mechanics. The uses of more than one copyrighted image on this article has zero explanation and thus breaks Wikipedia's rules on copyrighted pictures (WP:F). Sorry. Revert will stay in place. ~ P*h3i   (talk to me)  07:49, 10 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Additionally, you can't just remove improvements templates without acknowledging them. I see that you're trying to improve the article, and I will definitely help out where I can, but please remember the Wikipedia guidelines. Thanks! :) ~ P*h3i   (talk to me)  08:14, 10 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Fair-use images should be used sparingly. These images don't depict the subject of the article, and they're not necessary to convey that CGI and beat-em-ups were inspirations. --ThomasO1989 (talk) 04:12, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

Kirby Super Star Ultra split
There was a lot of Super Star Ultra content in this article, so I decided to split them into two and expand Ultra's article. In both talk pages people seemed to support the two being two separate articles, so I did the legwork and now they are. I hope that's okay. Kettleonwater (talk) 00:12, 2 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kirby Super Star


text: User talk:204.255.25.67

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:204.255.25.67


text:
Dexit

Dexit was a publicly traded company in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It offered a rechargeable, contactless, stored-value smart key tag used for electronic payment in on-line or off-line systems locally in 2003, until it stopped operating in 2006. Dexit was rebranded in 2007 and its name changed to Hosted Data Transaction Solutions Inc (HDX) and is currently now known as Posera.

Instead of coins or cards (and PIN), Dexit used an RFID key tag device associated with funds transferred from ordinary bank accounts. There is no link to access the accounts from the key tag, a feature to guard against the abuse of lost key tags. Accounts can be filled up from the Dexit website, by telephone, at participating merchants, or through pre-approved bank account or credit card balance transfers.

A partnership between small retailers, Dexit Inc., TD Canada Trust, National Bank of Canada, Telus Mobility, Bell Canada in Toronto's downtown, and a few retailers in and around Toronto. There were plans to expand to the rest of Toronto in 2005; however, this does not appear to have occurred.

In the summer of 2006, Dexit announced a restructuring, and nearly all payment terminals have been removed from stores. Dexit is also offering refunds of all funds that have been stored on Dexit Tags.

Dexit later became HDX Solutions Inc.

title: Dexit


text:
Bandora (instrument)

The bandora or bandore is a large long-necked plucked string-instrument that can be regarded as a bass cittern though it does not have the re-entrant tuning typical of the cittern. Probably first built by John Rose in England around 1560, it remained popular for over a century. A somewhat smaller version was the orpharion.

The bandora is frequently one of the two bass instruments in a broken consort as associated with the works of Thomas Morley, and it is also a solo instrument in its own right. Anthony Holborne wrote many pieces for solo bandora. The multiple lute settings of Pacoloni appear both with and without optional wire-strung instruments.

Construction and type
The bandora, though built like a cittern, had six or seven courses (unison pairs) of strings tuned in a more lute-like fashion, but without the high d found on a bass lute. In fact, the barring is very close to an orpharion, and closer to contemporary lute than to cittern or guitar construction. This creates a proportion closer to present guitar tunings; typically C D G C E A, and occasionally a seventh low G string.

Thomas Morley calls for a "Pandora" in his Consort Lessons. The term bandore and bandora were occasionally incorrectly applied to a Ukrainian folk instrument now more commonly known as the bandura, an instrument with up to 68 strings that differs considerably from the bandora.

During the Renaissance there were no naming conventions and terms were used loosely. The Spanish bandurria, though this term was once also interchangeable, now applies to a treble instrument like a mandolin - a similar confusion as has occurred with mandore, mandora, mandola (q.v.). All these instruments are thought to derive their names originally from the ancient Greek pandura (which term, once again, is found applied to a variety of stringed instruments in different regions at an early date).

title: Bandora (instrument)


text:
User talk:Dean-O

Dean McArdle

Im 8th grader living in Sioux City, Iowa. I am 14 years old and participate in sports and a wide ranges of school activities. I'm new to Wikipedia, but found it while researching a project.

title: User talk:Dean-O


text:
USS Flint

USS Flint may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:

 * USS Flint (CL-64), was renamed Vincennes (CL-64) on 16 October 1942 before being launched on 17 July 1943
 * USS Flint (CL-97), was commissioned 31 August 1944 and decommissioned 6 May 1947
 * USS Flint (AE-32), was commissioned 20 November 1971, decommissioned 4 August 1995 and is currently in service with Military Sealift Command

title: USS Flint


text:
Chimor

Chimor (also Kingdom of Chimor or Chimú Empire) was the political grouping of the Chimú culture. The culture arose about 900 CE, succeeding the Moche culture, and was later conquered by the Inca emperor Topa Inca Yupanqui around 1470, fifty years before the arrival of the Spanish in the region. Chimor was the largest kingdom in the Late Intermediate Period, encompassing 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) of coastline.

According to Chimú oral history, the history of Chimor began with the arrival of Taycanamo in the Moche Valley from the sea on a balsa raft. From there his descendants would conquer surrounding areas starting with his son Guacriur. Guacricur integrated Chimú reign over the lower valley and Ñancempinco, Taycanamo's grandson would expand the kingdom by conquering the upper valley. Ñançenpinco began to further expansion both north and south of the Moche Valleys.

The first valleys seem to have joined forces willingly, but the Sican culture was acquired through conquest. They also were significantly influenced by the pre-Inca Cajamarca and Wari cultures. According to legend, its capital of Chan Chan was founded by Taycanamo, who arrived in the area by sea. Chimor was the last kingdom that had any chance of stopping the Inca Empire. But the Inca conquest began in the 1470s by Topa Inca Yupanqui, defeating the emperor and descendant of Taycanamo, Minchançaman, and was nearly complete when Huayna Capac assumed the throne in 1493.

The Chimú resided on a strip of desert on the northern coast of Peru. The rivers in the region carved a series of fertile valley plains, which were very flat and well-suited to irrigation. Agriculture and fishing were both very important to the Chimú economy.

Worshipping the moon, the Chimú, unlike the Inca, considered it more powerful than the sun. Offerings played an important role in religious rites. A common object for offerings, as well as one used by artisans, was the shell of the Spondylus shellfish, which resides only in the warm coastal waters off present-day Ecuador. Associated with the sea, rainfall, and fertility, Spondylus shells were highly valued and traded by the Chimú people, and the exchange of the shells played a significant economic and political role in the empire.

The Chimú people are best known for their distinctive monochromatic pottery and fine metal working of copper, gold, silver, bronze, and tumbaga (copper and gold). The pottery is often in the shape of a creature or has a human figure sitting or standing on a cuboid bottle. The shiny black finish of most Chimú pottery was achieved by firing the pottery at high temperatures in a closed kiln, which prevented oxygen from reacting with the clay.

Early Chimú (Moche civilization)
The oldest civilization present on the north coast of Peru is the Moche or Mochica civilization, which is identified as Early Chimú. The start of this period is not known for certain, but it ended around 700 CE. It was centered in the Chicama, Moche, and Viru Valleys. "Many large pyramids are attributed to the Early Chimú period." (37) These pyramids are built of adobe in rectangular shapes made from molds. "Early Chimú cemeteries are also found without pyramid associations. Burials are usually in extended positions, in prepared tombs. The rectangular, adobe-lined and covered tombs have niches in their walls in which bowls were placed." (39)

The Early pottery is also characterized by realistic modeling and painted scenes.

Expansion
During the reign of the Wari Empire over Peru, the mature Chimú culture developed in roughly the same territory where the Mochica had existed centuries before. The Chimú was also a coastal culture - according to legend, its capital of Chan Chan was founded by Taycanamo, who arrived in the area by sea. It was developed in the Moche Valley north of present-day Lima, northeast of Huarmey, and finishing in central present-day Trujillo. Later, it expanded to Arequipa. During this time Arequipa was framed by 3 volcanoes. (39)

The Chimú appeared in the year 900: Chimor, also known as the Kingdom of Chimor, had its capital "at the great site now called Chanchan, between Trujillo and the sea, and we may assume that Taycanamo founded his kingdom there. His son, Guacri-caur, conquered the lower part of the valley and was succeeded by a son named Nancen-pinco who really laid the foundations of the Kingdom by conquering the head of the valley of Chimor and the neighboring valleys of Sana, Pacasmayo, Chicama, Viru, Chao and Santa."

The estimated founding date of the last Chimú kingdom is in the first half of the fourteenth century. Nacen-pinco was believed to have ruled around 1370 and was followed by seven rulers whose names are not yet known. Minchançaman followed these rulers, and was ruling around the time of the Inca conquest (between 1462 and 1470). This great expansion is believed to have occurred during the late period of Chimú civilization, called: Late Chimú, but the development of the Chimú territory spanned a number of phases and more than a single generation. Nacen-pinco, "may have pushed the imperial frontiers to Jequetepeque and to Santa, but conquest of the entire region was an agglutinative process initiated by earlier rulers." (17)

The Chimú expanded to include a vast area and many different ethnic groups. The first valleys seem to have joined forces willingly, but the Sican culture was assimilated through conquest. At its peak, the Chimú advanced to the limits of the desert coast to the valley of the Jequetepeque River in the north. Pampa Grande in the Lambayeque Valley was also ruled by the Chimú.

To the south, they expanded as far as Carabayllo. Their expansion southward was stopped by the military power of the great valley of Lima. Historians and archeologists contest how far south they managed to expand.

Life in the Chimú Empire

From what scholars can tell the Chimú had a complex and consolidated empire. The capitol consisted of Chan Chan, lower-class, workshops and homes with a population estimate of around 30,000. These workshop were all built in around adobe palaces in order to impose social hierarchy ideals. The Chan Chan also had restrictions and were not offered the same privileges as the elite. They had limited access to rituals, bureaucracy, and administrative roles. The high regulations were necessary to keep order with food production and state re-distribution of the products. The class system also helped to determine who would work to create state-sponsored monuments.

Rule
The Chimú society was a four-level hierarchical system, with a powerful elite rule over administrative centers. The hierarchy was centered at the walled cities, called ciudadelas, at Chan Chan. The political power at Chan Chan is demonstrated by the organization of labor to construct the Chimú's canals and irrigated fields.

Chan Chan was the top of the Chimu hierarchy, with Farfán in the Jequetepeque Valley as a subordinate. This organization, which was quickly established during the conquest of the Jequetepeque Valley, suggests the Chimú established the hierarchy during the early stages of their expansion. The existing elite at peripheral locations, such as the Jequetepeque Valley and other centers of power, were incorporated into the Chimú government on lower levels of the hierarchy. These lower-order centers managed land, water, and labor, while the higher-order centers either moved the resources to Chan Chan or carried out other administrative decisions. Rural sites were used as engineering headquarters, while the canals were being built; later they operated as maintenance sites. The numerous broken bowls found at Quebrada del Oso support this theory, as the bowls were probably used to feed the large workforce that built and maintained that section of canal. The workers were probably fed and housed at state expense.

Cultural and Economic Exchange

The Chimú's vast territorial expansion increased the amount of cultural identities within the civilization. They also incorporated political ideologies along with cultural beliefs this is seen with the Late Sicán in the north and the Casma in the South. Despite this, many areas kept distinctive aspects of their culture and some gained autonomy after the conquest.

It has been argued that Chimú leaders conquered territories further away because of the deviations in inheritance. The opposition to this is that an El Niño that had caused the state to increase the extractive economy in place and get supplies from other areas of the Andes. This El Niño is theorized to have occurred around A.D. 1100 and would have caused the destruction of irrigation canals. Both arguments suggest that agriculture expansion led to increased identities socially and politically.

The Chimú conquered the Jequetepeque around 1320 and changed the political structure of the society. Places like Pacatnamú were left behind and other sites like Farfán had increased laborers for administrative compounds constructed under the supervision of Imperial administrators. Land use, agricultural methods and settlement patterns of the Jequetepeque societies all changed after the conquest. Many households had to see tribute requirements and agricultural production increased.

Downfall
The state governed such social classes until the empire of the Sican culture conquered the kingdom of Lambayeque, Peru. The legends of war were said to have been told by the leaders Naylamp in the Sican language and Taycanamo in Chimú. The people paid tribute to the rulers with products or labor.

Chimor was the last Andean kingdom capable of stopping the Inca Empire, but the Inca conquest began in the 1470s by Topa Inca Yupanqui, defeating the emperor Minchançaman, and was nearly complete when Huayna Capac assumed the throne in 1493. They moved Minchançaman, the final Chimú emperor, to Cusco and redirected gold and silver there to adorn the Qurikancha.

Economy
Chan Chan could be said to have developed a bureaucracy due to the elite's controlled access to information. The economic and social system operated through the import of raw materials, where they were processed into prestige goods by artisans at Chan Chan. The elite at Chan Chan made the decisions on most other matters concerning organization, monopolizing production, storage of food and products, and distribution or consumption of goods.

The majority of the citizens in each ciudadela were artisans. In the late Chimú, about 12,000 artisans lived and worked in Chan Chan alone. They engaged in fishing, agriculture, craft work, and trade. Artisans were forbidden to change their profession, and were grouped in the ciudadela according to their area of specialization. Archeologists have noted a dramatic increase in Chimú craft production, and they believe that artisans may have been brought to Chan Chan from another area taken as a result of Chimú conquest. As there is evidence of both metalwork and weaving in the same domestic unit, it is likely that both men and women were artisans. They engaged in fishing, agriculture, and metallurgy, and made ceramics and textiles from cotton and the wool of llama, alpaca, and vicuña. People used reed fishing canoes (displayed in the image on the right), hunted, and traded using bronze coins.

Subsistence and agriculture
The Chimú developed mainly through intensive farming techniques and hydraulic work, which joined valleys to form complexes, such as the Chicama-Moche complex, which was a combination of two valleys in La Libertad. The Lambayeque linked the valleys of La Leche, Lambayeque, Reque, and Saña Jequetepeque. They developed an excellent agricultural techniques which expanded the strength of their cultivated areas. Huachaques were sunken farms where land was withdrawn to work the moist, sandy soil underneath, an example of which is Tschudi.

The Chimú used walk-in wells, similar to those of the Nazca, to draw water, and reservoirs to contain the water from rivers. This system increased the productivity of the land, which increased Chimú wealth, and likely contributed to the formation of a bureaucratic system. The Chimú cultivated beans, sweet potato, papaya, and cotton with their reservoir and irrigation system. This focus on large-scale irrigation persisted until the Late Intermediate period. At this point, there was a shift to a more specialized system that focused on importing and redistributing resources from satellite communities. There appears to have been a complex network of sites that provided goods and services for Chimú subsistence. Many of these sites produced commodities that the Chimú could not.

Many sites relied on marine resources, but after the advent of agriculture, there were more sites further inland, where marine resources were harder to attain. Keeping llamas arose as a supplemental way of attaining meat, but by the Late Intermediate period and Late Horizon, inland sites used llamas as a main resource, although they maintained contact with coastal sites to use supplemental marine resources. They also made masks.

Technology
One of the earliest known examples of distance communication is a Chimú device consisting of two resin-coated gourds connected by a 75-foot length of twine. Only one example has been found, and nothing is known about its originator or use.

Split inheritance
The Chimu capital, Chan Chan, had a series of elite residential compounds or cuidadelas that were not occupied simultaneously, but sequentially. The reason for this is that Chimu rulers practiced split inheritance, which dictated that the heir to the throne had to build his own palace. After the death of a ruler, all the ruler's wealth would be distributed to more distant relatives.

Shell
The Chimú people highly valued mollusk shell for its economic and political significance as a luxury good traded over long distances, and the shell was often viewed as a symbol of elite status and divine power. Using shell as a medium for their art and artifacts, the Chimú frequently employed the shell of Spondylus, a type of marine bivalve mollusk.

The most abundant Spondylus species present in Peru are Spondylus calcifer Carpenter and Spondylus princeps Broderip. Spondylus calcifer has red and white hues, primarily used for beads and artifacts. While this species resides in shallower waters and is easier to obtain, the Spondylus princeps, known as the “thorny oyster” for its characteristic spines, is a solid red color and can only be harvested by experienced divers. Thus, this shell is more highly desired and traded by the Chimú people.

Uses and symbolism
Spondylus shell had a wide variety of uses in Andean culture and took a variety of forms, ranging from whole shells to fragments to ground shell powder. This material was worked to create intricately carved ornaments, tools, and goods reserved for the nobles and deities. Shell fragments have been found as inlays for body ornaments and as beads for pieces of jewelry. The image to the right displays a Chimú collar made of cotton, red Spondylus shell beads, and black stone beads, and the image below displays a sling shot made of shell. Representing wealth and power, the shell was ground into powder and spread out before the Chimor king by an official called the Fonga Sigde, forming a “red carpet” for the ruler as he walked. Shell were likewise used for ornamentation of certain buildings and architectural structures.

Found in the tombs of nobles, these artifacts were often used as burial goods and played a role in sacrificial practices. Due to its aquatic origins, shells were prized for their connection to the sea and role in water and fertility rituals, used as offerings in agricultural fields to promote abundant crop yields. The Chimú also placed shells in sources of water, such as wells and springs, to bring rain to their fields, especially in times of drought. The symbolic significance of the Spondylus shell is closely related to the physical attributes and biological properties of the bivalve. Its characteristic morphology contributed to the association of the shell with divine power and the supernatural world. The external spines of Spondylus lend to the shell its ties to strength and protection. Because of its shape and red blood-like color, the shell often represents death, sacrifice, and ritual bloodletting practices, as well as female reproductive body parts. Known as the "daughter of the sea," the Spondylus shell has also been linked to femininity, with the univalve embodying masculinity.

Spondylus has specialized sensory organs, in particular sensitive eyes and papillae, that Andean cultures associate with extra sensory protection. Sensitive to temperature changes in water and thriving in warmer waters, the shell was thought to have divinatory powers, and because its migratory patterns are related to El Niño conditions, its presence is seen as an omen for disaster.

Moreover, Spondylus exhibits seasonal toxicity, known as Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Twice a year, the mollusk tissue contains substances that are toxic to humans, caused by poisonous algae that the mollusks consume. During these months, the shells are offered to weather and fertility deities as “food for the gods”, as it was thought that only deities were powerful enough to eat the flesh of the bivalve. At tolerable levels, human consumption of this toxic flesh may result in muscle weakness, mind-altering states, and euphoria, but in more concentrated doses, may lead to paralysis and death. Because of these hallucinogenic effects, Spondylus was a symbol of spiritual transcendence and was viewed as bridge between physical and supernatural worlds.

Diving
Though the remains of shell workshops and artifacts are abundant in Chimor, the Spondylus shell originates in the warm waters of Ecuador. Harvesting the shell is both a time and labor-intensive process, requiring experienced divers to free dive to depths of up to 50 meters and pry the shells off of rocks.

The difficult task of shell diving is captured in the imagery of many portable Andean artifacts, such as bowls, earspools, and textiles. Many of these images are similar, illustrating a boat with sailors holding cords attached to the divers in the water. Stone weights are suspended from the divers as they gather shells, and portrayals of Spondylus often emphasize their characteristic spines. The image to the right features a Chimú earspool, which was molded from gold-copper and silver alloys and depicts a shell diving scene. The rectangle in the upper half of the earspool is a boat with large sails, and birds reside at the top of the piece. Four divers swim beneath the boat and are near spiky eggshell-shaped shells.

Sections of ciudadelas, large compounds often reserved for the kings and elite individuals, were used as storage areas for shell artifacts, and the architecture and ornamentation of these structures symbolize the treasures of the sea. Los Buceadores (the Divers), a relief in Chan Chan in Ciudadela Uhle, displays imagery of a pair of figures in a tule boat, one of whom holds a paddle, and another pair of shell divers beneath the boat and connected to ropes. The relief also features a net-like semicircle, as well as spiny figures that represent shells.

Production and trade
Much of the existing evidence for shell-working in the Andes stems from archaeological findings and colonial texts. Spondylus is abundant in sites across Peru, discovered in burial sites and with the remains of shell workshops. The high level of uniformity in these shell objects, combined with the technical nature of shell-working, indicate that Spondylus production was domestic and carried out by independent craftsmen. Many collections of Spondylus artifacts contain objects from various stages of shell production: whole shells, fragments, worked pieces, and debris from shell reduction. Though researchers have uncovered worked shell debris and ample proof for the presence of shell workshops, they have only identified and discussed very few specific shell workshops. One workshop, which was thought to be maintained by the Chimú people, was identified at Túcume in the Lambayeque Region of Peru by archaeologist and researcher Daniel Sandweiss. Dating back to around 1390-1480 A.D., the workshop comprised various small rooms and contained evidence for the production of Spondylus beads. Shell debris from all stages of production, ranging from cut pieces to finished beads, along with the stone tools used to work the shell, were excavated from the site. While many archaeological sources point to the abundance of shell-working, as the remains of shell workshops and artifacts were uncovered widely in Peru, little evidence documents the movement of Spondylus from its source in Ecuador to workshops in Chan Chan. The archaeological record indicates that Chimor was an important center for the exchange of trade, and shell often traveled long distances from its geographic source to reach the empire of Chimor. The trade of Spondylus was integral to the expanding political power and economy of the Chimú. The shell was viewed as an exotic material, and the Chimor control of the exchange of the imported luxury good served as a means of political control, establishing and legitimizing the rule of the nobles. Unlike the Inca Empire, the Chimú did not attempt to expand its command of the Spondylus trade through imperial conquests of neighboring states, but rather, used its existing access to the trade as a religious and financial justification for power.

Little information exists about the means by which Spondylus was acquired and exchanged along trade routes, and many scholars have proposed various models for Spondylus movement. The marine bivalve was likely traded either through independent merchants or state-administered long-distance trade, with a north-south movement of the items. One of the first accounts of exchange of Spondylus is a report written by Spanish colonist Francisco Xerez, who was a member of the expedition led by Francisco Pizarro, and describes a raft of luxury goods, such as textiles, emeralds, and gold and silver objects, which were to be traded for Spondylus shells.

Researchers likewise disagree on the transportation methods of shells and whether they were exported via sea or land. Imagery in Andean pottery and reliefs depict llama caravans carrying shell, providing evidence that the transportation of shell was at least in part overland.

Textiles
Spinning is the practice of combining a small set of threads to achieve a long and continuous thread with the use of an instrument called a spindle. The zone is an instrument made of a small wand that usually gets thinner at both ends; that was used alongside a tortera or piruro. The spindle is inserted into the bottom to make a counterweight. It starts spinning, taking the rueca (where the fiber was set to be spun). Fibers that are laid down in the zone are quickly turned between the thumb and index fingers and twisted to interlock the fibers, creating a long thread. After the desired lengths of threads are attained, the threads are intersected and woven in various combinations to make fabrics.

The Chimú embellished their fabrics with brocades, embroidery, fabrics doubles, and painted fabrics. Sometimes textiles were adorned with feathers and gold or silver plates. Tropical feathers used in such textiles are evidence of long-distance trade. Colored dyes were created from plants containing tannin, mole, or walnut; and minerals, such as clay, ferruginosa, or mordant aluminum; as well as from animals, such as cochineal. The garments were made of the wool of four animals: the guanaco, llama, alpaca, and vicuna. The people also used varieties of cotton, that grows naturally in seven different colors. The clothing consisted of the Chimú loincloth, sleeveless shirts with or without fringes, small ponchos, and tunics.

The majority of Chimú textiles were made from alpaca wool and cotton. Judging from the uniform spin direction, degree of the twist, and colors of the threads, it is likely that all of the fibers were pre-spun and imported from a single location.

Ceramics
The civilization is known for its exquisite and intricate metalworking, one of the most advanced of the pre-Columbian era. Chimú ceramics were crafted for two functions: containers for daily domestic use and those made for ceremonial use for offerings at burials. Domestic pottery was developed without higher finishing, while funeral ceramics show more aesthetic refinement.

The main features of Chimú ceramics were small sculptures, and manufacturing molded and shaped pottery for ceremonial or daily use. Ceramics were usually stained black, although there are some variations. Lighter ceramics were also produced in smaller quantities. The characteristic brightness was obtained by rubbing with a rock that previously had been polished. Many animals, fruits, characters, and mystical entities have been represented pictorially on Chimú ceramics. Archaeological evidence suggest that Chimor grew out of the remnants of the Moche, as early Chimú pottery had some resemblance to that of the Moche. Their ceramics are all black, and their work in precious metals is very detailed and intricate.

Metallurgy
Metalworking picked up quickly in the Late Chimú periods. The Chimú worked with metals such as gold, silver, and copper. Some Chimú artisans worked in metal workshops divided into sections for each specialized treatment of metals: plating, gold, stamping, lost-wax, pearl, the watermark, and embossing wooden molds. These techniques produced large variety of objects, such as cups, knives, containers, figurines, bracelets, pins, and crowns. They used arsenic to harden the metals after they were cast. Large-scale smelting took place in a cluster of workshops at Cerro de los Cemetarios. The process starts with ore extracted from mines or a river, which is heated to very high temperatures and then cooled. The result is a group of prills, such as small round sections of copper, in a mass of slag, which are other materials which are not useful for metallurgy. The prills are then extracted by crushing the slag, and then melted together to form ingots, which were fashioned into various items. The Chimú also shaped metals through hammering, as displayed in the image on the right of the silver Chimú beaker. Chimú metalsmiths achieved this technique with simple tools and a single sheet of gold. The artist would first carve a wooden mold. Then they would carefully hammer the paper-thin sheet of gold around the wooden base.

Although copper is found naturally on the coast, it was mostly attained from the highlands in an area about 3 days away. Since most of the copper was imported, it is likely that most of the metal objects that were made were likely very small. The pieces, such as wires, needles, digging stick points, tweezers, and personal ornaments, are consistently small, utilitarian objects of copper or copper bronze. The Tumi is one well-known Chimú work. They also made beautiful ritual costumes of gold compounds with plume headdresses, earrings, necklaces, bracelets, and breastplates.

Deities
In Pacasmayo, the Moon deity (Si or Shi) was the greatest divinity. It was believed to be more powerful than the Sun, as it appeared by night and day, and it also controlled the weather and growth of crops. Devotees sacrificed animals and birds to the Moon, as well as their own children on piles of colored cottons with offerings of fruit and chicha. They believed the sacrificed children would become deified and they were usually sacrificed around age five.

The Chimú worshipped Mars (Nor) and Earth (Ghisa) deities, as well as the Sun (Jiang) and the Sea (Ni) deities. Jiang was associated with stones called alaec-pong (cacique stone), which were believed to be ancestors of the people in whose area they stood and sons of the Sun. The Chimú made offerings of maize flour of red ochre to Ni for protection against drowning and bountiful catches of fish.

Several constellations were also viewed as important. Two of the stars of Orion's Belt were considered to be the emissaries of the Moon. The constellation Fur (the Pleiades) was used to calculate the year and was believed to watch over the crops.

Each district had local shrines that varied in importance. These shrines, called huacas, were also found in other parts of Peru, and had a sacred object of worship (macyaec) with an associated legend and cult.

Sacrifice
In 1997, members of an archaeological team discovered approximately 200 skeletal remains on the beach at Punta Lobos, Peru. These figures were blindfolded and had their hands bound behind their backs, their feet bound together, and their throats slashed. Archaeologists suggest these figures, likely bodies of fishermen, may have been killed as a sign of gratitude to the sea god Ni after they conquered the fishermen's fertile seaside valley in 1350 A.D.

Tombs in the Huaca of the Moon belonged to six or seven teenagers from 13–14 years of age. Nine tombs belonged to children.

In 2011, archaeologists uncovered human and animal skeletons in the village of Huanchaco. After years of excavation, they identified more than 140 human (and more than 200 llama) skeletons from children between the ages of 6 and 15, all of whom had deep slashes across the sternum and broken rib cages indicating that their hearts may have been removed. According to National Geographic, if the analysis is correct, the discovery constitutes "the largest single mass child sacrifice event known in world history". The burial is dated at 1400-1450 A.D. Anthropologist Haagen Klaus speculates that Chimú might have turned to children when the sacrifice of adults was not enough to stop torrential rain and flooding caused by El Niño. In August 2019 the archaeological team working at this site revealed that the bodies of 227 victims, aged between four and 14, had been excavated, further establishing this as the largest-ever known example of child sacrifice.

Architecture

Differential architecture of palaces and monumental sites distinguished the rulers from the common people. At Chan Chan, there are ten large, walled enclosures called ciudadelas, or royal compounds, thought to be associated with the kings of Chimor. They are surrounded by adobe walls that are nine meters high, giving the ciudadela the appearance of a fortress.

The bulk of the Chimú population (approximately 26,000 people) lived in barrios on the outer edge of the city. They consisted of many single-family domestic spaces with a kitchen, work space, domestic animals, and storage area.

Ciudadelas frequently have U-shaped rooms that consist of three walls, a raised floor, and frequently, a courtyard, and there were often as many as 15 in one palace. In the early Chimú period, the U-shaped areas were found in strategic places for controlling the flow of supplies from storerooms, but it is unlikely that they served as storage areas. They are described as mnemonic devices for keeping track of the distribution of supplies. Over time, the frequency of the U-shaped structures increased, and the distribution of the structures changed, becoming more grouped, rather than dispersed, and occurring further away from access routes to resources.

The architecture of the rural sites also supported the idea of a hierarchical social order. They have similar structural components, making them mini-ciudadelas with rural adapted administrative functions. Most of these sites have smaller walls, with many audiencias as the focal point of the structures. These would be used to restrict access to certain areas and are often found at strategic points.

Chan Chan shows a lack of a unifying plan or a discernible pattern. The urban core contains six principal classes of architecture:
 * 1) Ten ciudadelas - citadels or palatial fortresses
 * 2) Domestic architecture associated with Chan Chan's non-royal gentry
 * 3) Artisan-class dwellings and workshops spread throughout the city
 * 4) Four huacas or temple mounds
 * 5) U-shaped audiencias or courts
 * 6) SIAR or small irregular agglutinated rooms, which probably served as the residences for the majority of the population

title: Chimor


text:
User talk:Scrow

Phalapatate (Fah-Lap-Uh-Tate) A word with many meanings and uses.

Can be used in place of any verb or noun in any sentence. Julia's saying:

"Girls phalapatate too."

Moriah's Meaning

phalapatating- a word to be used in a normal innocent sentence to make others feel like its perverted.

Misha's My Anti-Drug is Phalapatating! What is your anti-drug?

Portly's Definition Pronunciation: feylupâteyt

Definition: [v] A poetic physical portrayal of flying or blossoming from a specific state of mind in a level of euphoria. The performer is also secure with the action in public. May be drug or alcohol endused.

The first use of phalapatate was with my friends Misha and Moriah setting in a Chili's in OKC. We wrote it down so that we wouldn't forget it. So here is the first documented piece of evidence to the existence of PHALAPATATE.

Go To www.phalapatate.com from more info.

title: User talk:Scrow


text:
User talk:Kcic

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! --Flockmeal 21:24, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * How to edit a page
 * Help pages
 * Tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Manual of Style

Thanks for uploading Image:Mcbeath.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much, FidoD 20:00, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Mcbeath.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Mcbeath.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Rettetast (talk) 22:58, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kcic


text:
Talk:River Cherwell

Untitled
Hi.

This article seemed a little too long on its own... I hope the subsections are okay... if anyone wants to rename them (etc!) feel free to jump in right away!--NeilTarrant 21:24, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Fine by me.. I did go on rather! But you typed 'Shipman' instead of Shipton... well, the former has been in the news this week! Incidentally, can someone explain why the photo was removed? Andy F 02:32, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Perhaps somebody should add something about the great flood of 1998. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.225.1.161 (talk) 16:45, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

ref parameters
@Redrose64 Re your admonition please be careful how you fill in ref params: I use Provelt. I think there are way more important lapses to be corrected on this WP, for example the glaring LACK of sources on this page, dont you think ? Wuerzele (talk) 19:07, 18 March 2024 (UTC)
 * So there aren't enough sources - that doesn't give you an excuse to add malformed refs, as you did in . Why on earth would you think that MagazineSmithsonian are sensible parameters? -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 22:21, 18 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Redrose64 "an excuse to add malformed refs"? Excuse me, Provelt did it. Adding a source needed  flag is what anyone SHOULD do here. Now Thank you for your time and have a good day, esp finding sources, if you are so concerned about improving WP.--Wuerzele (talk) 19:01, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * As shown at User scripts, you take full responsibility for any action you perform using any user script. So please don't blame ProveIt. If there is a bug with ProveIt, it may be reported at Wikipedia talk:ProveIt. -- Red rose64 🌹 (talk) 19:18, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:River Cherwell


text:
1974 in rail transport

January

 * January 2 – SEMTA begins subsidizing the Grand Trunk Western Railroad's commuter rail service between Detroit and Pontiac, Michigan.
 * January 19–20 – New Zealand Railways K class (1877) steam locomotive K 88 Washington is recovered from the Branxholme locomotive dump in the Ōreti River.

March

 * March 6 – Amtrak begins passenger service in the Central Valley of California with the first run of the San Joaquins between Oakland and Bakersfield.
 * March 17 – A freight train on Canadian Pacific Railway is derailed when it hits a rock slide near Spences Bridge, British Columbia; the accident leads to the installation of ditch lights on all Canadian diesel locomotives, a practice later copied by American railroads.

May

 * May 6 – Inauguration of full electric service on British Rail West Coast Main Line through to Glasgow.
 * May 8–27 – Railway strike in India. The strike by 17 million workers of Indian Railways is the largest known.
 * May 9 – A first section of Prague Metro Line C, from Florenc to Kacerov in Czechoslovakia, officially opens.
 * May 17 – State-of-the-Art Car enters revenue service, on the New York City Subway.
 * May 19
 * At the insistence of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Amtrak renames the Super Chief the Southwest Limited.
 * Amtrak renames the Texas Chief service it inherited from Santa Fe Railway to become the Lone Star due to objections from Santa Fe over Amtrak's quality of service.
 * Amtrak introduces the Expo '74 passenger train between Spokane and Seattle, Washington.

June

 * June 16 – The Milwaukee Road ends operation of its electric locomotives in Montana and Idaho. Trains over the Rocky Mountains are now solely powered by diesels.

July

 * July 23 – Shin-Koshigaya Station on what is now the Tobu Skytree Line in Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan, is opened.

August

 * August 4 – Italicus Express bombing was a terrorist bombing in Italy which killed 12 people.
 * August 5 – Amtrak introduces the Adirondack passenger train between New York City and Montreal, Quebec.
 * August 10 – A Philippine National Railways express train from San Fernando, La Union to Manila collided with a Baliwag Transit bus at a railroad crossing in Calumpit, Bulacan, killing 18 people and injuring another 53.
 * August 15 – Line 1 of the Seoul Metro opens a 7.1 km section between Seoul and Cheongnwangnyi.
 * August 30 – In the Zagreb train disaster an express traveling from Belgrade to Dortmund derailed before entering Zagreb Main Station, killing 153 people.

September

 * September 14
 * Commercial operation begins on São Paulo Metro, Brazil.
 * Amtrak discontinues its Expo '74 service.
 * September 15 – Amtrak introduces the Blue Water Limited passenger train between Chicago and Port Huron, Michigan.
 * September 16 – Passenger traffic begins through the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) 3.6 mi Transbay Tube between Oakland and San Francisco beneath San Francisco Bay, the world's longest and deepest immersed tube tunnel.

October

 * October 14 – The Tono Railway Dachi Line, connecting Tokishi and Higashi-dachi in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, is permanently closed.
 * October 30 – In Tokyo, Japan, the Yurakucho Line is opened between Ikebukuro and Ginza-itchome.

Unknown date

 * The original Norfolk Southern Railway is merged into the Southern Railway (US).
 * John W. Barriger III steps down from the presidency of the Boston and Maine Railroad.
 * The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway operates the last train ever on its subsidiary Grand Canyon Railway; it is a maintenance of way train.

title: 1974 in rail transport


text:
User:Chiprunner

Introduction
"Chip Runner" can be found in Secret Sharers (The Collected Stories of Robert Silverberg Volume 1) (ISBN 0553370685).

Information technology

 * Programming
 * Open systems: open-source software, open standards, open-formats
 * The Web:
 * HTML
 * CSS
 * Progressive Enhancement
 * Unobtrusive JavaScript
 * Open media formats for the web:
 * Using HTML 5 with SVG + SMIL + PNG + JPEG + ECMAScript as a free alternative to Flash
 * Using the above with an open video format and X3D + Csound as a free alternative to MPEG-4 (with mixed media) and other proprietary video distribution formats.
 * Distributed social networking using the semantic web
 * Friend of a Friend
 * Microformats (XHTML Friends Network, hCard, hCalendar)
 * iCalendar and vCard over encrypted email
 * OpenPGP web of trust
 * Generative systems, Algorithmic art, Live coding, Procedural generation and other types of Software art.
 * Emerging technologies
 * Virtual retinal display
 * Diffusion curve

Art

 * Graphic design and illustration

Science Fiction
Science fiction

Outdoors

 * Photography
 * Mountain biking

title: User:Chiprunner


text: Template:Non-free USGov-USPS stamp

title: Template:Non-free USGov-USPS stamp


text:
Economic Research Service

The Economic Research Service (ERS) is a component of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and a principal agency of the Federal Statistical System of the United States. It provides information and research on agriculture and economics.

History
The first USDA agency formally tasked with data collection was the Division of Statistics, created in 1863, one year after the USDA itself was created. By 1902, a Division of Foreign Markets had been created, and the following year, that division was merged with the Division of Statistics to form the Bureau of Statistics. In 1914, the bureau was renamed the Bureau of Crop Estimates, and in 1921 this bureau merged with the Bureau of Markets to form the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates. This merger brought together "responsibility for the collection of farm-level crop and livestock data with that for major domestic and foreign commodity market transactions" in a single agency.

While the USDA's data collection activities were developing, the department was also developing expertise in agricultural economics research. In 1903, the Office of Farm Management was formed within the Bureau of Plant Industry. In 1915, this office was transferred to the Office of the Secretary to provide analytic support during World War I. In 1919, the office was renamed in Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics. In 1920, the office became a separate USDA agency.

In 1922, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAE), the ERS's immediate predecessor, was established by the merger of the Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics and the Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates, bringing together responsibility for data collection and economic research/analysis in a single agency. This new agency brought together for the first time in data collection and economic analysis and research. The first leader of the BAE was the pioneering agricultural economist Henry Charles Taylor, appointed by Secretary of Agriculture Henry C. Wallace. In its initial years the BAE recruited agricultural economists from the handful of land-grant universities that offered the Ph.D in agriculture, such as Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Cornell.

The ERS was established by Secretary of Agriculture Memorandum 1446, supp. 1, of April 3, 1961. It was subsequently consolidated with other USDA units (including the Economic Development Service, established in 1969, and the Economic Management Support Center, established 1974) into the Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service by Secretary's Memorandum 1927, effective December 23, 1977. The agency was redesignated as the Economic Research Service by secretarial order of October 1, 1981.

Under the Trump administration, the ERS and another USDA agency, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture were directed to move from the USDA's headquarters in Washington, D.C. to the Kansas City metropolitan area. Two-thirds of the USDA employees reassigned chose to quit rather than accept relocation. In 2018, the office of Trump's Agriculture Secretary, Sonny Perdue, also issued a directive to ERS and other research components of USDA, ordering them to include a disclaimer on peer-reviewed research in scientific journals stating that findings and conclusions were "preliminary" and "should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy." Susan Offutt, the ERS administrator under the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations, said that the requirement was contrary to the USDA's longstanding policy that permitted and encouraged federal scientists from publishing work in journals, and the "disclaimer" mandate was strongly criticized by USDA employees, science advocates, and scientific journal editors. In May 2019, following an outcry, the USDA rescinded the directive.

Current and former employees of the ERS were strongly critical of the relocation to Kansas City and other Trump administration policies, and the exodus of scientific and economic talent and disruption to federal research (especially on climate change and food security) that they had caused. The move to Kansas City area resulted in an attrition rate particularly high in the Resource and Rural Economics Division (90%) and in the Food Economics Division (up to 89%). ERS economists said that the Trump administration's moves were retaliation against the agency for publishing research reports detailing the negative economic effects of Trump's policies, including tariffs and Republican tax legislation, on U.S. agriculture.

Functions
Today, ERS's mission is to provide "economic research and information to inform public and private decision making on economic and policy issues related to agriculture, food, natural resources, and rural America."

The ERS and National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) jointly fund and manage the Agricultural Resource Management Survey, a multi-phase, nationally representative survey of U.S. farms that is the USDA's "primary source of information on the financial condition, production practices, and resource use of America's farm businesses and the economic well-being of America's farm households."

The ERS publishes the magazine Amber Waves five times a year. The publication began in February 2003; it replaced Agricultural Outlook, FoodReview, and Rural America. The publication "features information and economic analysis about food, farms, natural resources, and rural community issues" and includes data and charts on various economic indications, including livestock cash receipts, farm household income, agricultural imports and exports, and food spending.

Leadership, organization, and staff
The ERS is led by an administrator, historically a career Senior Executive Service appointee that (along with NASS) reported to the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics. However, in 2019, the Trump administration, under Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue, moved to place ERS under the direct oversight of a political appointee, reporting to the chief economist under the Office of the Secretary. This restructuring prompted criticism that the ERS's historically independent and autonomous data-collection mission would be compromised by political interference.

The ERS is organized into the Office of the Administrator and four divisions: The Food Economics Division; the Information Services Division; the Market and Trade Economics Division; and the Resource and Rural Economics Division. Each division is led by a director.

ERS had about 510 employees in 1998, 430 employees in 2009, and 250 employees in 2019. In 2019, in the wake of a relocation order, ERS employees voted overwhelmingly to unionize under the American Federation of Government Employees, forming their own bargaining unit.

Administrators
The following individuals served as the administrators of the ERS from 1961 to the present:

 * 1) 1961–1965: Nathan M. Koffsky
 * 2) 1965–1972: Melvin L. Upchurch
 * 3) 1972–1977: Quentin M. West
 * 4) 1977–1981: Kenneth R. Farrell (ESCS Administrator); J.B. Penn (Associate Administrator for Economics)
 * 5) 1982–1993: John E. Lee
 * 6) 1993–1996: Acting administrators
 * 7) 1996–2006: Susan Offutt
 * 8) 2007–2011: Kitty Smith
 * 9) 2011–2018: Mary Bohman
 * 10) 2018–2020: Acting administrators
 * 11) 2020–present: Spiro Stefanou

title: Economic Research Service


text:
Seychelles national football team

The Seychelles national football team, nicknamed the Pirates, represents Seychelles in international football and is controlled by the Seychelles Football Federation (SFF). SFF has been a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and FIFA since 1986. The team's home stadium is the 10,000-capacity Stade Linité located in Roche Caiman in the outskirts of Victoria, the capital of Seychelles.

History
Football was introduced to Seychelles in the 1930s. Its first official competition, the Challenge Cup, was organized in 1936. Then in 1941, a championship between five teams was set up with matches of 60 minutes, played barefoot.

In 1969, the president of the Seychelles Football Federation wanted to set up a national team. Engaged on a voluntary basis, Adrian Fisher arrived on the island in September to reorganize Seychelles football. He equipped all the players with shoes, introduced contemporary training techniques and extended the match time to 90 minutes. The newly-formed national team played their first matches at a friendly tournament in Kenya in April 1970. In Seychelles' first matches played on a real football pitch, they drew 2–2 against Feisal F.C. then lost 1–2 to Mwengi at Mombasa Municipal Stadium. When Fisher left Seychelles in 1973, the team had played six games against four clubs.

Seychelles played their first match against another national team on March 13, 1974, against Réunion. In this friendly match, the Pirates lost 0–2. Two years later, this time as an independent nation, the Seychelles faced Réunion again, losing 1–4. In September 1977, they played their first match against a FIFA-affiliated team, Mauritius, during a tournament played in Réunion, and lost 1–2. The team enjoyed its first victory the following year by beating Réunion 1–0 at home.

In 1979, Seychelles played their first tournament, the 1979 Indian Ocean Games. They lost their first game 3–0 to Réunion, and beat Maldives 9–0 in their second. In the semi-final, they knocked out Mauritius 4–2 on penalties after a 1–1 draw, but in the final they lost 2–1 to Réunion.

Seychelles were eliminated from the group stage at the 1985 Indian Ocean Games but, on August 31, 1986, they played their first competitive match recognised by FIFA and CAF, following their affiliation with both organisations, a qualification match against Mauritius for the 1987 All-Africa Games, which they lost 1–2. They participated, for the first time, in the 1988 African Cup of Nations qualifiers against Mauritius but lost 1–3 over the two legs.

At the 1990 Indian Ocean Games, the team suffered the heaviest defeat in its history against Madagascar in the semi-final, losing 0–6. In the bronze medal match, they won against Comoros 3–1. Despite hosting the following games, the team failed to repeat this performance, losing all four games and finishing last in the competition.

After the elimination from the preliminary phase of the 1996 African Cup of Nations by Mauritius 2–1 over the two legs, Vojo Gardašević was hired to lead the team. Following that, the Pirates again finished third in the 1998 Indian Ocean Games and, two years later, competed in the World Cup qualifiers for the first time. Playing against Namibia they drew 1–1 in Stade Linité, thanks to a goal by Philip Zialor but lost the second leg 0–3. Seychelles were also eliminated in the preliminary round of the 2000 African Cup of Nations by Zimbabwe 0–6 over the two matches. Seychelles fared better in the qualification for the 2004 African Cup of Nations as the team, led by Dominique Bathenay then Michael Nees, finished third and recorded two prestigious home wins: beating Eritrea 1–0 with a goal by veteran Roddy Victor, and beating a Peter Ndlovu-led Zimbabwe team 2–1 with goals by strikers Alpha Baldé and Philip Zialor. Following that they achieved a bronze medal at the 2003 Indian Ocean Games, then were eliminated in the preliminary round of the 2006 World Cup by Zambia, 1–5 in the two games.

In 2011, Seychelles hosted the 2011 Indian Ocean Island Games and won the tournament for the first time, beating Mauritius in the final on penalties.

The rest of the 2010s saw little success for The Pirates with the high point achieved during 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification where they managed a 2–0 win over Lesotho and a 1–1 draw with Ethiopia to finish third in their four-team group.

FIFA Goal programme
In 2006, a new technical centre in Mahé was opened, with help from the FIFA Goal programme. The project had a total cost of approximately 750,000 USD. James Michel, president of the Seychelles, was present at the inauguration. The technical centre houses the SFF headquarters, an auditorium, 20 bedrooms, two massage rooms, changing rooms and a restaurant. The centre is located next to the turf pitches that were also installed by the Goal programme in 2003.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Coaches

 * Caretaker managers are listed in italics.

 * 🏴 Adrian Fisher (1969–1973)
 * Ulrich Mathiot (1991)
 * 🇩🇪 Helmut Kosmehl (1992–1993)
 * Vojo Gardašević (1997–2001)
 * 🇫🇷 Dominique Bathenay (2002)
 * 🇩🇪 Michael Nees (2002–2004)
 * 🇨🇩 Raoul Shungu (2006–2008)
 * Jan Mak (2008)
 * Ulrich Mathiot (2008)
 * 🇸🇪 Richard Holmlund (2009)
 * Jan Mak (2010)
 * 🇩🇪 Michael Nees (2010)
 * 🏴 Andrew Amers-Morrison (2010)
 * Ralph Jean-Louis (2010–2011)
 * Gavin Jeanne (2012)
 * Jan Mak (2013–2014)
 * Ulrich Mathiot (2014–2015)
 * Bruno Saindini (2015)
 * Ralph Jean-Louis (2015–2016)
 * Joel de Commarmond (2017)
 * Rodney Choisy (2017)
 * Gavin Jeanne (2018–2019)
 * Jan Mak (2019)
 * Ralph Jean-Louis (2020–2021)
 * 🇫🇷 Osama Haroun (2021)
 * Vivian Bothe (2021–2023)
 * Ralph Jean-Louis (2023–)

Squad
The following players were selected for the 2024 COSAFA Cup.

Caps and goals correct as of 28 June 2024, after the match against Lesotho.

Recent call-ups
The following players have also been called up to the Seychelles squad within the last twelve months.

RET

INJ Withdrew due to injury PRE Preliminary/Standby squad RET Retired from the national team SUS Serving suspension WD Withdrew from the squad due to non-injury issue COV Tested positive for COVID-19

Player records

 * Players in bold are still active with Seychelles.

Honours

 * Indian Ocean Island Games
 * Champions (1): 2011
 * Runners-up (1): 1979
 * Third Place (3): 1990, 1998, 2003

title: Seychelles national football team


text:
Ancyloceratina

The Ancyloceratina were a diverse suborder of ammonite most closely related to the ammonites of order Lytoceratina. They evolved during the Late Jurassic but were not very common until the Cretaceous period, when they rapidly diversified and became one of the most distinctive components of Cretaceous marine faunas. They have been recorded from every continent and many are used as zonal or index fossils. The most distinctive feature of the majority of the Ancyloceratina is the tendency for most of them to have shells that are not regular spirals like most other ammonites. These irregularly-coiled ammonites are called heteromorph ammonites, in contrast to regularly coiled ammonites, which are called homomorph ammonites.

Biology
The biology of the heteromorph ammonites is not clear, but one certainty is that their uncoiled shells would have made these forms very poor swimmers. Open shells, particularly ones with spines and ribs, create a lot of drag; but more importantly, the orientation of the shell, with the body hanging below the buoyant part of the shell, would have created a serious impediment to efficient swimming. It's more likely these ammonites either drifted in the plankton, collecting small animals on long tentacles like modern jellyfish, or else they crawled along the sea floor feeding on sessile or slow-moving animals such as clams.

Morphology
Ancyloceratida varied widely in size, ranging from diminutive Ptychoceras, which was barely 3 cm long, to Baculites and Diplomoceras, which could grow to 1 – in length. Some species were very widely distributed, for example some species of Hamites can be found in Eurasia, South America, Australia, and Antarctica. Others, like those inhabiting the Western Interior Seaway that covered much of the US, were much more localized.

In the more primitive forms, the shell departs only slightly from being a perfect spiral, with only the last, outermost whorl being open, forming a hook underneath the main spiral. In such forms the spiral was the chambered, buoyant part of the shell, and the hook was the living chamber in which the soft body of the ammonite resided. Examples of such types were Ancyloceras, Protanisoceras, and Tropaeum. The more advanced heteromorphs departed from such forms radically. The shells of Ptychoceras consisted of three or four shafts squashed together and connected with tight, 180 degree bends. Members of the genus Hamites were much larger but had a similar sort of shape, though the shafts were open so that the whole thing looked rather like a big paper clip.

Many of the earlier heteromorph forms had regularly coiled shells barely distinguishable from the homomorph ammonites (for example, the Lower Cretaceous genus Deshayesites). Some offshoots of the uncoiled varieties even went back to being regularly coiled. Most notable among these were the Scaphites, Hoploscaphites and their relatives, which were mostly regular spirals in shape except for a very slight hook at the end.

The Late Cretaceous enjoyed the widest variety of heteromorphs, including the straight-shelled Baculites and Sciponoceras; the helically coiled Turrilites; and the bizarre Nipponites, which looked more like a ball of string than anything else. Some forms combined different coiling modes. For example, Nostoceras started off with a helix like a Turrilites, but had a planar hook hanging underneath, more like an Ancyloceras.

The thin shelled heteromorphic ammonites probably lived at depths 36 - 183 m.

Classification
Suborder Ancyloceratina
 * Superfamily Ancyloceratoidea
 * Family Acrioceratidae
 * Family Ancyloceratidae
 * Family Bochianitidae
 * Family Crioceratitidae
 * Family Hamulinidae
 * Family Hemihoplitidae
 * Family Heteroceratidae
 * Family Himantoceratidae
 * Family Labeceratidae
 * Family Macroscaphitidae
 * Family Ptychoceratidae
 * Superfamily Deshayesitoidea
 * Family Deshayesitidae
 * Family Parahoplitidae
 * Superfamily Douvilleiceratoidea
 * Family Astiericeratidae
 * Family Douvilleiceratidae
 * Family Trochleiceratidae
 * Superfamily Scaphitoidea
 * Family Scaphitidae
 * Superfamily Turrilitoidea
 * Family Anisoceratidae
 * Family Baculitidae
 * Family Diplomoceratidae
 * Family Hamitidae
 * Family Nostoceratidae
 * Family Turrilitidae

title: Ancyloceratina