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User talk:Mirv/Archive 9

Administrator powers
If I have misused my magic powers in any way, this is the place to tell me.

Protection
Every page I protect is on the wrong version, of course, so to conserve valuable electrons, just leave a link to the page and a number from the list. Thanks.

If I accidentally protected a page to which I have made substantive edits, tell me here. I will unprotect it immediately.

Deletion
Did I speedy-delete something that wasn't a candidate? Did I delete something for which there was no consensus to delete? Tell me here.

Blocking
Hey, I seem to have been banned for 24 hours for breaking the 3RR...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Ipblocklist ... however it is clear I have only two reverts. I want to assume good faith, but i was unaware of the 1RR that I violated. There was no policy I violated that warranted a block. Thanks Nasrallah 207.44.180.48 03:01, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Just one more thing, it is a shame you have decided not to respond. Two users are trying to resolve a dispute with you, about the same thing. Reticence is admirable in some circumstances, but not this one. I thought talking was the first resort of dispute resolution. Can't say we didn't try. Nasrallah 64.191.63.213 04:09, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * You'll note that I did respond, albeit on Jayjg's talk page. Copied from there:

 * Nasrallah is clearly a sockpuppet created solely to get around the 3RR: it had no user page, it had no talk page, its only edits were reverts of an article in the throes of an edit war, and it was clearly familiar with the ongoing dispute over Yasser Arafat. My block was a preemption of an pathetically sleazy attempt to circumvent the basic norms of good editing. —No-One Jones 03:54, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I would also like to say that being a sockpuppet is no grounds for a block, nor is reverting TWICE! Oh dear, and good grief! Nasrallah 64.191.63.213 04:22, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

You could just use your account, whoever you are. Or I could ask a developer to do an IP cross-check; perhaps that would clear up some questions. —No-One Jones 04:23, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Are you asking my permission? Your activities are not under my control, mirv. How do you know so many things, so clearly, without proof? The question is DID i break 3RR, not maybe/maybe not he would've in the future, trust me. Nasrallah 65.29.84.147 07:42, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your block expires 02:26, 10 Dec 2004. You can wait it out, you can go back to using whatever other account(s) you have, or you can continue complaining elsewhere. The last will probably be fruitless. This will be my last response to you. —No-One Jones 07:49, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

What does this statement mean?

LOL. Come on, I can admit mistakes... Nasrallah 65.29.84.147 07:54, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Rollback
Did I use the admin "rollback" feature on one of your edits without warning or explanation? Then I probably thought you were vandalizing, spamming, or otherwise editing in malice, and chances are good that you were: most of my rollbacks are of such edits. If you want to know why I reverted your edit, append your question to the end of this talk page.

Automating deletion
I would be willing to help automate the deletion process. One problem is that, since I am not an administrator, I've never seen the HTML for the deletion form or known exactly how a page is deleted. This information is necessary for me to automate the deletion portion of the process. If the consensus is to keep an article, it's much simpler of course. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 22:32, Dec 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * What is the URL to the special page for deletion? I know it's not Special:Delete or Special:Deletepage; I've tried both.  [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 00:02, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

My new automation script is now ready to use. As I mentioned earlier, I am not an administrator, so I want you to test the vfddelete function on one of the articles to be deleted. It's rather easy to use, really. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 00:31, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * To handle a page with consensus to delete, you have to edit the automation script. Look for the line that says "Place functions above this line", near the bottom.  Now I see from Votes for deletion/Old that Gabriel Kent should be deleted.  Above that line, add the line:

 * vfddelete("Gabriel Kent")

 * and run the script (simply double-click on it). It should open an Internet Explorer window, which you should leave alone.  Hope this helps.  [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 01:08, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

I realized that something was wrong even before you sent me that message. I looked at your contributions. Allow me a few minutes to find out what's wrong. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 01:56, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * I fixed the problem, I hope. Try it now.  [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 02:03, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes you certainly can. I also added a function called "vfdspeedy" for handling articles on VFD that had already been deleted before the end of the discussion period.  [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 02:13, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

I had just noticed a bug on the script and fixed it, if you hadn't already noticed. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 02:20, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

Problem quickly resolved. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 02:37, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

Script updated. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 03:05, Dec 6, 2004 (UTC)

Your "administrator" box
I've copied it into my own talk page; seems like a good idea for all administrators to have. --jpgordon∇∆∇∆ 02:30, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for fixing the license blurb on Image:Bouguereau venus detail.jpg. —Tkinias 02:51, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Liberal Democratic Party of Australia
Thank you very much for stopping by and pouring cold water on the warriors. I was about ready to give up on the whole mess, and it's only on the periphery of the main libertarian conflict. J.K. 06:25, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Chuck evidence page
Thanks for your addition -- I was just about to start accumulating the open proxy diffs. I've taken the liberty of reformatting it some and moving the comments (which I completely agree with) to talk. RadicalSubversiv E 10:33, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I've completed the evidence enough to feel comfortable going to Requests for arbitration, if you want to comment there. Thanks again for your help. RadicalSubversiv E 13:36, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

User:Nasrallah and 3RR
Hi Mirv, User:Nasrallah has posted on my Talk: page that you have blocked him for violating the 3RR, and that he has not actually done so. From what I can see, he only reverted Yasser Arafat two times. These two edits appear to be his only edits. Was this blocking an error? Jayjg 03:09, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I would like to assume it is an error, good faith and all that. Thanks for you help, jayjg, but I fear any attempt to persuade mirv of his error is doomed to failure. I remain hopeful, against all the odds. Nasrallah 207.44.180.48 03:30, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Hi Mirv. I know even less about User:Nasrallah than you have already figured out. And I suspect he might have come to my page because I welcomed him on his own Talk: page. However, I still feel it is a violation of process to ban someone for violating a rule which they clearly have not violated, and we don't have a "ban suspected sockpuppets" rule that I'm aware of. I also note that you did not act nearly this precipitously with the User:Goldberg sockpuppet; I would be a little less troubled if I saw some consistency in your actions. (This note has been crossposted to my Talk: page as well). Jayjg 04:08, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I've responded again on my Talk: page. Jayjg 04:39, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks officer
I'll make sure to signal my turns and drive 55 so as not to upset the drunk drivers. --Alberuni 04:48, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

You may need to have a talk with your fellow officers to standardize interpretation and enforcement of rules of the road. Please see my note to Deputy Ta bu. --Alberuni 16:26, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

User:Blue This
Your block of User:Blue This was totally unjustified! He was not doing anything to hurt Wikipedia, just trying to help out. Then you went and blocked this very valuable and innovative user! You owe all of Wikipedia an apostrophe apostasy apology for that!!!

Your friend, Bleu Cheese 05:19, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

My pages
Thanks for reverting my user pages. By the way, I blocked 195.92.194.12 for 2 hours for that and other vandalisms. -- ClockworkSoul 07:22, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

"Anonymizing proxy"
Hi Mirv, is there a way of figuring out if IP addresses are anonymizing proxies or something similar to that? I'm thinking of 195.7.55.146 in particular. Jayjg 16:18, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Jayjg 01:22, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
Salve, Golbez! Back in September I was a candidate for adminship, but I withdrew and since then, I've been working away and have now decided to try again, nominating myself. Though you voted neutral at that time, I'd appreciate your vote on the new candidacy at Requests for adminship/PedanticallySpeaking2. Ave atque vale! PedanticallySpeaking 19:20, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
Salve, Mirv! Back in September I was a candidate for adminship, but I withdrew and since then, I've been working away and have now decided to try again, nominating myself. Though you voted neutral at that time, I'd appreciate your vote on the new candidacy at Requests for adminship/PedanticallySpeaking2. Ave atque vale! PedanticallySpeaking 19:20, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Happy Birthday!
Happy birthday, Mirv! Best wishes. --[[User:Whosyourjudas|Whosyourjudas\talk]] 01:45, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you! I'm planning to celebrate in the usual 21st-birthday fashion :-). —No-One Jones 03:02, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Happy birthday! Regarding CheeseDreams: he was being highly disruptive. The blocking policy says: "Sysops may, at their judgement, block IP addresses that disrupt the normal functioning of Wikipedia. Such disruption is to be objectively defined by specific policies...Users should be warned that they are violating policy before they are blocked...For static IPs and user names, such blocks should initially last 24 hours, but repeat violators may be blocked for a maximum of one month." My block was well-grounded in policy. CheeseDreams had created a category which was deleted after deliberation on categories for deletion. He then recreated and repopulated the category. It was deleted again as a reincarnation of a deleted article (See #5). CheeseDreams again recreated and repopulated the category. That's when I blocked him. Through this time CheeseDreams never brought the matter up at votes for undeletion, nor discussed the issue with me. He never even left a talk page comment or even an edit summary explaining why he was recreating the article. Users should not be allowed to veto or overturn community decisions about deletion. See User talk:CheeseDreams and User talk:CheeseDreams. And again, happy birthday. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality/talk]] 00:07, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * Happy birthday! (What, again? It's only been a year... ;-) -- ChrisO 19:39, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

A more wiki way of deleting
Heya, seeing as you're one of the editors who's been active trying to improve our deletion system, I wonder if you could have a look at my proposal. It still needs some fleshing out, so I'm not quite moving it into Wikipedia: or announcing it officially yet (it's hard enough to get people to eyeball these proposals once, I'd rather they do so when it's done), but I would like to get some comments from other people working with the current deletion system. Feel free to edit to your hearts content, as long as you leave the general idea behind it intact. Thanks in advance! --fvw *  20:14, 2004 Dec 11 (UTC)

Mirv working for The Wikipedia
I've noticed that Mirv takes the trouble to check the Block log for wrongful blocking and other "maintenance" tasks. He also restored an "oppose" and comment to the election page when "Neutrality" wrongly deleted it because it was not in his favour. People should bear this in mind when deciding who to vote for as an arbitrator.WikiUser 17:05, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * You should put comments like that in the endorsement section of the arbitration elections pages. CheeseDreams 20:38, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Offensiveness
Could you please take a look at these diffs,   , particularly the third, and consider whether Lady Tara should be blocked? CheeseDreams 20:37, 12 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Open proxies
Aloha, Mirv. I just read your comment on Jayjg's page regarding blocking open proxies. You could probably save a little bit of time by using Mozilla Firefox instead of IE. Firefox has a free extension called SwitchProxy that will streamline your process. Instead of opening a new browser, you just open a new tab. And, while they both require four clicks to start a new proxy, the Firefox extension only requires one click to modify an existing entry, so after your initial setup you will be saving a great deal of time -- especially with the use of the SwitchProxy toolbar. I think you'll find that you'll be able to block twice as many IP's in the same space of time. --Viriditas | Talk 04:48, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, very useful, thanks. I've used Firefox as my primary browser since the days when it was called Firebird; I just use IE to check proxies so dead-end leads don't hold up my browsing. —No-One Jones 04:54, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The other advantage to SwitchProxy is that while using multiple tabs, each tab can be checking/using a different proxy. Sorry, this feature hasn't been released yet. I guess it will be in the next release. --Viriditas  | Talk 05:14, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Sock puppets
Hi, could you possibly take a look at this and see whether you think these are sock puppets? If so, could you consider banning them for vandalism (and the use of sock puppets), so that, by use of the autoblocking, it becomes possible to work out who they really are?

 * John johnson (IP), John johnson (2nd IP) contributions for 1st IP contributions for 2nd IP (only contributions are against me)
 * User:148.136.141.172 contributions harrassment (note the phrase "cheesecake"),  (warning - this is an extremely large (but rather repetative) edit of over 1MB in length - some browsers, and computers, may have significant problems viewing it)

 * These are dialup IPs, the first two from Slovakia and the third from Sweden; therefore I would guess that they're not being used by the same person. Blocking them wouldn't tell me much unless whoever was using them e-mailed me rather than redialing. 148.136.141.172 seems to have a long history of vandalism and trolling, which made me suspect that it was an open proxy, but investigation turned up nothing. —No-One Jones 20:52, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Interesting, Nasse claims to be Swedish. CheeseDreams 22:26, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 Some of these IPs and accounts can be blocked on their own merits, regardless of whether they're sockpuppets or not; others should be watched carefully and blocked as sockpuppets if, for example, they appear out of nowhere to join in revert wars. —No-One Jones 20:52, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * User:Baffinisland contributions harrassment (note the similarilty to the first at the previous IP address user)
 * Just a vandal. It can be blocked indefinitely if it continues to vandalize.
 * Nasse/Piglet contributions harrassment, , , (note the phrase "cheesycake")
 * Possibly a sockpuppet. It's been taunting you but I can't see how it's been violating any specific policies. —No-One Jones 20:52, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Lady Tara contributions harrassment, , ,
 * It's interesting to note that this user's first contribution was to upload an image from the Swedish Wikipedia. If I had to guess I'd say that it was being operated by the same person who used 148.136.141.172—but without access to logged-in users' IP addresses, which I don't have, I can't say for sure. —No-One Jones 20:52, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * In which case, I think Lady Tara, User:148.136.141.172, and Nasse/Piglet are the same person.
 * Nasse claims to be swedish
 * Lady Tara used the Swedish Wikipedia as the first thing
 * 148.136.141.172 used "cheesycake"
 * nasse used "cheesycake"
 * The content of the personal attacks seem to match each other
 * Since none of these accounts have really made constructive contributions, and since I suspect them of being a sock puppet (possibly via an internet proxy, thus potentially from anywhere) of a more established wikipedian (I can narrow it down to a handful of possible individuals, but I can't place which yet), could you block them until they request unblocking?
 * Hopefully they will be careless, and get autoblocked while they are logged in as their more used identity. CheeseDreams 22:26, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * That is quite likely, and I suspect I know who this troublesome Swede is (hint: someone with a long record of obnoxious antisocial behavior, including a clumsy attempt to forge comments by others); however, 148.etc and Nasse seem have gone to ground, and I suspect Lady Tara won't be back any time soon. If they do show up and continue making trouble, I can block them; however the autoblocker blocks only IP addresses, so I won't be able to tell who's using those IP addresses unless they e-mail me from their regular account. —No-One Jones 22:44, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Ive just looked at the vandalism to other user pages by 148.136.141.172
 * It seems to be to people (some of whom are openly gay) whose vast predominant edits are to maths articles particularly relating to fractals
 * The prime conspiritor against me (The one who initiated the whole thing) is Eequor, who predominantly edits science articles, including maths ones, and has fractals on their user page
 * Further, Eequor is the only conspiritor against me whose main edits are outside the sphere of religious articles, i.e. even remotely maths related
 * Eequor has at no point addressed Lady Tara's comments or Nasse's, unlike some of the other editors.
 * Is it possible to check on whether Eequor could be the same as the vandals? CheeseDreams 22:54, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I think you're on the wrong track. 148.etc seems to be quite homophobic, which I would not expect from Eequor but would expect from the user I had in mind, whose outstanding RfC should give you an idea of his favorite type of personal attack. Also I don't know anything about Eequor's nationality, while this user clearly states that he's Swedish on his user page. —No-One Jones 23:06, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, I was under the impression that the user was just another sock puppet, since his sudden appearance in the RfC with absolutely no history whatever of coming into contact with me. You seem better at this detective work than I am. Thanks CheeseDreams 23:48, 13 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Rules
Does it count as abuse of adminship, if an admin, for example, Ta bu shi da yu, unlocked a page, e.g. Historicity of Jesus, then reverted it to a prior version, and continues to revert it everytime someone, for example me, makes edits?

CheeseDreams 13:56, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think so. AFAIK there's no rule about unprotecting pages one wants to edit, and reverting is something anyone can do. —No-One Jones 20:22, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Request for unblocking
The following has occurred
 * Ta bu shi da yu reverted Historicity of Jesus 3 Times
 * In order to bypass 3RR, this user then left a message at User talk:Viriditas to get Viriditas to continue the revert campaign
 * After I had been fighting viriditas, Rhobite (another accuser of mine at the RfC organised against me) blocked me

I consider tag-team reversion wars to be wholly unfair and inappropriate I do not consider application of 3RR against me valid, The tag-team had made 5 reverts before I had even made 4.

Also, please see WP:AN on the validity of the non-reverted version

CheeseDreams 18:09, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid the block was technically valid: though Viriditas joined in reverting without joining in the talk page discussion, you're the only one who reverted more than three times. It's not really appropriate for someone to join a reverting team when he doesn't know enough about the subject to explain why the edits should be reverted, but neither is it appropriate to revert multiple editors without addressing the points they make on the talk page. Undoing this block would be a misuse of my admin powers; I have to enforce the rules that exist, not the rules that I wish existed. —No-One Jones 20:22, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I just wanted to step in here and mention that CheeseDreams is incorrect. Ta bu shi da yu only reverted twice. --Viriditas  | Talk 22:52, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Viriditas, you forgot to count the revert that TBSDY made immediately after unlocking CheeseDreams 01:56, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Aloha, and welcome back. Unless you can provide evidence, I'm afraid I must disagree.  TBSDY appears to have reverted the page twice, not three times: . .  Happy holidays.  --Viriditas  | Talk 03:21, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Libel
Mirv, can I ask why you reverted by change to the Jimbo Wales page? He seems not to want this stuff referred to. He has deleted previous messages referring to it, and has explictly said others can do the same. It seems to me that if David, or anyone else, wants to set up a legal fund, they should e-mail him privately about that. Any public reference to the libel simply serves to spread it, in my view. Slim 22:24, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * I also really don't want certain people posting certain libel and implied threats of my family here—I read that as "I don't want Sollog and his crew posting libel and making threats against my family on this talk page", not "I don't want anything about this matter, even expressions of sympathy or offers of help, posted on this talk page". Maybe I'm wrong. —No-One Jones 22:26, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't think I agree with that interpretation because he, himself, removed references to it that were not from Sollog, but about him, just as today's were. Expressions of sympathy about an issue only serve to draw people's attention to that issue, which is what I believe Jimbo Wales was saying he didn't want. That's my take on it anyway. Expressions of sympathy can always be sent to him privately, then at least the libel isn't spread any further. If you post/publish a reference to a libel, you are (in law) posting/publishing the libel itself. Also, about your message on my Talk page, asking whether it was an edit conflict? No, just to clarify, I removed the references deliberately. Slim 22:46, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I was asking if the deletion was deliberate (before I got your message above). As for your interpretation, that's something I hadn't considered, and I think it's fair—but it would still be best to let Jimbo remove the messages himself. —No-One Jones 22:50, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

That outstanding RfC
I though I would change it into this

CheeseDreams 01:51, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Talk:Ambition (card game)
You probably realize this has gone thru 2 more redirections to randomising page since your deletion. I don't think i'll attempt any repair/combat. --Jerzy(t) 16:01, 2004 Dec 16 (UTC)

 * I fixed it and protected it. Mike is doing exactly the opposite of what he should be doing if he really wants to be forgotten. —No-One Jones 19:44, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * What? Protecting pages while you're involved in a dispute over said pages (a clear violation of Wikipedia policy) so as to re-instate soon-to-be-deleted personal attacks on trying-to-exit users? Oh wait. Some other assclown is doing that. 568 19:52, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Protecting pages against clear and obvious vandalism—which is what you were doing, Mike—is perfectly acceptable. —No-One Jones 19:55, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * All I've ever seen from you is clear and obvious vandalism. Get a fucking life. Moreover, there are plenty of restrooms in the world for you to take a shit; you shouldn't use Wikipedia for that purpose. That's not what it's for. 568 20:08, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * All I've ever seen from you is clear and obvious vandalism—Then you haven't been looking very hard. Do you really want Wikipedia to forget about you, Mike? If so, this is what you need to do:
 * Stop the vandalism. Obviously.
 * Ask a developer to reassign your contributions to another username. This will remove you from edit histories.
 * Once this step is complete, references to "Mike Church" can be changed to point to your new username, as was done with User:H.J.

 * You can then leave Wikipedia confident in the knowledge that the name "Mike Church" will no longer be remembered. —No-One Jones 20:16, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The only just solution is not to remove just that, but also everything on Talk:Ambition (card game), to remove the entire history of the whole episode. Why? Because what occurred was a from-the-shadows right-wing libel attack, a politically-motivated culture-assassination attempt against a person and an emerging cultural phenomenon (driven, as it were, by completely unfounded fears; how the hell is a card game going to influence political affairs? It's not.) By refusing to eliminate this libelous history out of irrational anal-retentiveness, the Wikipedia community is complicit in the crime.

 * The changes of December 16 were not vandalism. They were attempts at justice, thwarted by small-minded individuals. 568 20:23, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * remove the entire history of the whole episode—If I weren't so sure that you'd recreate the article as soon as the evidence surrounding your past promotion of the game were gone, that would be reasonable. However. . . Also, I am still unsure where you get the idea that the attacks were motivated by anything other than dislike for your admitted misuse of Wikipedia to promote your game. I know I don't give a fig for your politics, and I sincerely doubt anyone else here cares either. —No-One Jones 01:21, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mirv/Archive 9


text:
Trenck's Pandurs

Trenck's Pandurs (Panduri, Panduren, Hungarian: Pandúr) were a light infantry unit of the Habsburg monarchy that was raised by Baron Franz von der Trenck under a charter issued by Maria Theresa of Austria in 1741. The unit was largely composed of volunteers from the Kingdom of Slavonia and Slavonian Military Frontier, and named after security guards otherwise employed to maintain public order. The Pandurs were presented to the empress in May 1741 with the unit's military band earning them a claim of pioneering martial music in Europe. The Pandurs did not use uniforms and had an overall Ottoman appearance. The original organization of the unit was retained until 1745, when it transformed into a regiment. Trenck was relieved of command in 1746 and imprisoned in Spielberg Castle, where he died in 1749. The unit ultimately transformed into the 53rd Infantry Regiment, headquartered in Zagreb, until it was disbanded in 1919. The regiment's commemorative medals bear Trenck's image wearing Pandur attire.

The Pandurs took part in the War of the Austrian Succession, including the First and Second Silesian War. They contributed to the capture or destruction of Zobten am Berge, Strehlen, Klaus Castle, Linz, Deggendorf, Diessenstein Castle, Cham, Cosel fortress, and Munich. During the Battle of Soor, the unit looted a Prussian war chest and the belongings of Frederick the Great. The Pandurs earned a reputation as brave, audacious, feared and ruthless soldiers, known for looting and pillaging. They were prone to disobedience, breaches of military discipline and stubbornness. The city of Waldmünchen, located near Cham, celebrates the Pandurs and Trenck as the city's saviors for sparing the city from destruction in 1742. The Pandurs' and Trenck's heritage is also preserved in the city of Požega, Croatia, where an eponymous living history troop and city music band exist.

Etymology
The term pandur made its way into military use via the Hungarian language—being used in Hungarian as a loanword, in turn originating from the Croatian term pudar, though the nasal in place of the "u" suggests a borrowing before Croatian innovated its own reflex for Proto-Slavic /ɔ̃/. "Pudar" is still applied to security guards protecting crops in vineyards and fields, and it was coined from the verb puditi (also spelled pudati) meaning to chase or scare away. The meaning of the Hungarian loanword was expanded to guards in general, including law enforcement officers. The word was likely ultimately derived from medieval Latin banderius or bannerius, meaning either a guardian of fields or summoner, or follower of a banner. Another etymology could recall the ancient greek expression "pan" with "ther", which is "great" or "all-beast", already used in ancient times (see the latin word "Panther", often used to refer to occupying troop soldiers of Roman Empire and root of the German word "Panzer" itself). By the middle of the 18th century, law enforcement in the counties of Croatia included county pandurs or hussars who patrolled roads and pursued criminals. In 1740, the term was applied to frontier guard duty infantry deployed in the Croatian Military Frontier (Banal Frontier), specifically its Karlovac and Varaždin Generalcies. The role of the pandurs as security guards was extended to Dalmatia after the establishment of Austrian rule there in the early 19th century. The term has dropped from official use for law enforcement officials, but it is still used colloquially in Croatia and the Western Balkans in a manner akin to the English word cop. The unit raised and led by Trenck is also referred to more specifically as Trenck's Pandurs, and less frequently in Croatia than elsewhere, as Croatian Pandurs.

History
The Pandurs were a skirmisher unit of the Habsburg monarchy, raised by Baron Franz von der Trenck following a charter (Werbepatent) issued by Maria Theresa of Austria on 27 February 1741, permitting Trenck to raise a 1,000-strong troop. The unit was largely composed of men enlisted as volunteers from areas of the Kingdom of Slavonia and Slavonian Military Frontier, consisting of ethnic Croats and Serbs. The Pandurs saw military action in Silesia, Bohemia, Bavaria, and France.

The Pandurs arrived in Vienna for a military parade for the empress on 27 May 1741. The unit was headed by Trenck and included two captains, a senior lieutenant, five lieutenants, a quartermaster, an adjutant, two chaplains (a Catholic and an Orthodox Christian), two medics, forty sergeants, five scribes, eighty corporals, and twelve musicians equipped with flutes, a drum and cymbals. The musicians were called the Turkish band, after Ottoman military bands, and are considered pioneers of martial music in Europe according to Jurica Miletić. The Pandurs did not have specific uniforms as their clothes varied but were of Turkish style. Their oriental appearance was compounded by mandatory head shaving, leaving a rattail, as well as by the use of a horse tail bunchuk instead of a unit banner. Each Pandur carried four single-shot pistols, a fighting knife, and a small utilitarian knife.

The Pandurs took part in War of the Austrian Succession, including the First Silesian War. They took part in capturing Zobten am Berge and Strehlen in Lower Silesia from the Prussians, and defending a bridgehead near Vienna after the Battle of Mollwitz. In 1742, the Pandurs took part in capture of Klaus Castle in Styria as well as Linz and Deggendorf, where they defeated French troops before taking part in Austrian recapture of Munich. By the end of that year, the Pandurs had captured Diessenstein Castle and Cham from Bavarian defenders, completely destroying Cham to secure access for Habsburg troops led by Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhüller to Bohemia. In 1743, the Pandurs led by Trenck captured Cosel fortress. In 1745, during the Second Silesian War, the Pandurs took part in the Battle of Soor, where they looted a Prussian war chest containing 80,000 ducats, as well as weapons, horses and a tent belonging to Frederick the Great.

The Pandurs earned a reputation for being brave and audacious, as well as feared and ruthless soldiers, looting and pillaging, but also characterized by disobedience, breaches of military discipline and stubbornness. On the other hand, the City of Waldmünchen, located near Cham, celebrates the Pandurs and Trenck as their savior for sparing the city from destruction in 1742. Since 1950, the city organizes a historical reenactment of the event involving about 300 actors.

The original organization of the unit was retained until 1745, when it was transformed into a Pandur regiment following Trenck's petition to the empress. Trenck was relieved of command in 1746 and tried for unspecified "acts of violence". He was imprisoned in Spielberg Castle, where he died in 1749. After the Peace of Aachen, the regiment was transformed into a Slavonian battalion on 22 December 1748. In 1756, as the Seven Years' War started, the battalion was reformed into the 53rd Infantry Regiment and its headquarters moved to Zagreb ending history of the Pandurs. Still, the regiment kept its Pandur lineage alive through its commemorative medals bearing Trenck's image wearing Pandur attire. The regiment was disbanded in January 1919.

Legacy
The achievements of the Pandurs led by Trenck left a lasting mark on the culture and heritage of Croatia as well as Bavaria. An example of the unit's legacy is found in the village of Trenkovo—named after the commander of the Pandurs in 1912. The village is located in area of Trenck's former Velika estate, near Požega, Croatia, where the baron lived. It was the location of a baroque manor once owned by Trenck, which was replaced by another structure in the late 18th or early 19th centuries. Pandur heritage is preserved by the Trenck's Pandurs (Trenkovi panduri) military band—the official music band of the city of Požega—established on 28 January 1881. In 1997, an eponymous living history troop was established out of members of the band. Also, a Trenck festival is held annually in Waldmünchen, commemorating the events of 1742, when the city was spared by Trenck from destruction.

The military unit and its leader also give their names to a modern armed force unit and modern military equipment. Special police platoon Trenk, formed in Požega on 8 March 1991, took part in the Croatian War of Independence. Steyr-Daimler-Puch produces the Pandur armoured fighting vehicle.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Trenck's Pandurs


text:
User:Adam Donahue

Current  Implementing a novel RBAC-based architecture for database- and applications-level access control. Database modeling, Oracle administration and performance tuning.  Log Sunday, December 5, 2004

Interests Mathematics and Logic  Set theory and logic. Calculus. Financial derivatives modeling.  Technology
Oracle administration and performance tuning.

Role-based access control core and administative models.

 General

Hiphop and rap: music is lifeblood.

Independent and foreign film.

Health and fitness.

New York City.

French and Russian literature.

Board games.

Golf.

title: User:Adam Donahue


text:
Talking Union (album)

Talking Union is a 1941 album by the Almanac Singers: Millard Lampell, Lee Hays and Pete Seeger. It is an enduring collection of working man's anthems that have been passed down through generations of laborers. Liner notes include an introduction by Pete Seeger and song explanations. In 2010 it was selected by the Library of Congress as an addition to the National Recording Registry, which selects recordings annually that are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

In 1955 the album was rereleased on Folkways Records as The Original Talking Union & Other Union Songs, expanded with seven songs recorded in 1955 by Pete Seeger and a chorus dubbed "the Song Swappers" that included Erik Darling, later of The Weavers, and Mary Travers, later of Peter, Paul and Mary.

title: Talking Union (album)


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias/History

Does a historical bias exist ?
The English speaking wikipedia does have a bias toward inclusion of some topics. The history of certain countries and areas are well covered. English speaking countries with large populations, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have a large number of detailed articles. Other western countries such as Germany and France are also well covered as their histories are relevant to the "Western canon" of history. Their populations are also generally well educated in English, and their nationals can contribute to the English wikipedia. More peripheral European areas are not as well covered but still have some good articles.

However, certain areas, notably Africa, have very poor historical coverage. Most areas of Africa have vague general history articles covering their entire history even though a large volume of scholarly material does exist covering their histories in more detail. Wikipedia, which has a stated goal of being aimed at the poorer regions of the world, barely covers the history of these areas, except in rare cases.

Rough evaluation of coverage:

Causes
The causes of this bias are fairly readily apparent. Wikipedia exists almost solely on the Internet and is thus on one side of the Digital Divide. Wikipedia writers mostly come from developed nations. Take a look at Category:Wikipedians by location. Our writers submit articles about what they know and what they know is more likely to be close at hand.

Solutions

 * Make Wikipedians aware of the issue so that they might decide to help work to correct it.
 * Create lists of basic but missing topics in those under served areas to aid Wikipedians in finding ways to correct bias:
 * List of missing Africa topics
 * List of missing Latin American topics
 * List of missing Middle Eastern topics
 * List of missing South Asian topics
 * List of missing Oceania topics
 * Rather than only encouraging existing users, attempt to recruit new users to the project who can help counter these biases
 * Alter or expand the project so that it is not so subject to the digital divide.

History to-do list
The following historically related articles have been identified as inadequate. They must be completed to counter the systemic bias of Wikipedia. Each article is assigned a level of completedness according to the following scale: (We will have to agree on some sort of scale)

- stub, a paragraph or two, completely inadequate. - maybe a few paragraphs, but coverage is inadequate, still missing some basic information. - Many paragraphs, covers all, or almost all, basic information, provides a bit of depth. - Excellent article. Covers all that is required of an encyclopedia. Has balance and depth. Sufficiently long to cover the topic.

Africa

 * Ali Hassan Mwinyi
 * Ethiopian famine
 * History of Africa - Article is very poor on Africa in the 20th Century, just an incomplete list of events. The article also needs to be reduced in size, and some child articles set up for the periods
 * Burundi Civil War - currently up for nomination as CSB Collaboration of the week
 * Various African countries in WWII articles


text:
Hard Labor

Hard Labor is the eleventh album by American rock band Three Dog Night, released in 1974. For this album, the band replaced long-time producer Richard Podolor with Jimmy Ienner, who was known for his production work with the Raspberries.

Cover artwork
The original album cover, depicting the birth of a record album, was deemed too controversial and was first included with a manila file folder covering most of the cover. This was soon reworked with a huge Band-Aid covering the "birth". Subsequent printings had the Band-Aid printed directly on the cover. The packaging also includes an attached "birth record sheet" for the album. The CD reissue by MCA Records in the 1990s restored the cover to its original look showing the record.

Reception
Tom Von Malder of the Daily Herald called Hard Labor the band's finest record up to that point, applauding the production and finding the choice of songs representing the band at "its most competent, most mature level". Malder singled out "The Show Must Go On" and "I'd Be So Happy" as its two best, and "almost perfect", songs. Cash Box called Inner's production "immaculate as always" and wrote that the album was marked by "mood changes both subtle and obvious", making it a "fantastic study in theatrical and musical contrast". Billboard found the track listing a "fine mix of material" and wrote that the instrumental section was "tight and almost perfect".

Circus Raves writer Jon Tiven gave the record "two ears"—indicating an album to "listen to ... 'til the grooves grow old" and wrote that the band "are the best when they're transforming half-arsed songs into good ones, but they run into trouble when the original rendition of the tune was fine in the first place (e.g. 'The Show Must Go On')." Writing retrospectively, Joseph McCombs of AllMusic felt that the album's preference for songs with solo vocals rather than the group's previous use of harmonies led to the band "los[ing] much of their soul and spirit" and saw the album as "show[ing] the growing cracks in the band's armor". Like Malder, McCombs found "I'd Be So Happy" and "The Show Must Go On" the highlights of the album.

Track listing

 * While the first track "Prelude" may have been in the Public Domain in 1974, it does have a title and writer: "Entrance of the Gladiators" is a military march composed in 1897 by the Czech composer Julius Fučík.  Likewise, the introduction of their cover of Leo Sayer's The Show Must Go On also quotes the Fučík march.

Personnel

 * Mike Allsup – banjo, guitars
 * Jimmy Greenspoon – keyboard
 * Danny Hutton – lead vocals, background vocals
 * Skip Konte – keyboard, ARP, chamberlin
 * Chuck Negron – lead vocals, background vocals
 * Jack Ryland – bass
 * Joe Schermie – bass
 * Floyd Sneed – percussion, drums
 * Cory Wells – lead vocals, background vocals
 * Jimmy Ienner – production

Production

 * Producer: Jimmy Ienner
 * Engineers: Greg Calbi, Roy Cicala, Dennis Ferrante, Jimmy Ienner, Jay Messina, Tom Rabstenek, John Stronach
 * Assistant engineers: Corky Stasiak
 * Remixing: Roy Cicala, Jay Messina
 * Arranger: Three Dog Night
 * Art direction and photography: Ed Caraeff
 * Design: David Larkham

title: Hard Labor


text:
Talk:Hard Labor

Fair use rationale for Image:Three Dog Night - Hard Labor bandage.jpg
Image:Three Dog Night - Hard Labor bandage.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 19:05, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

Requested move 4 August 2019

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move. Ten points to BD2412 for making the dab page, which certainly should exist. Red  Slash  17:11, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

Hard Labor → Hard Labor (album) – A disambiguation page is required and I don't see any evidence that the album is the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for the title. 142.161.83.66 (talk) 05:15, 4 August 2019 (UTC) --Relisting. Steel1943  (talk) 21:33, 14 August 2019 (UTC)
 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:26, 4 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Use RM to establish that. — JJMC89  (T·C) 05:21, 4 August 2019 (UTC)
 * This is RM. On what basis is the request being contested? 142.161.83.66 (talk) 05:25, 4 August 2019 (UTC)
 * To me here in Britian, "hard labour" is a sort of prison sentence. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 05:28, 4 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Support and redirect to primary Penal labour, Randy Kryn (talk) 13:13, 4 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Support Rreagan007 (talk) 14:03, 4 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:SMALLDETAILS. The lowercase versions (hard labor and hard labour) already redirect to penal labour. Of the uppercase versions, this article gets |Hard_Labor_(film)|Hard_Labor:_The_First_African_Americans,_1619 around 95 percent of pageviews and has more long-term significance as well. The hatnote is not horrible as is, but feel free to create a dab page and reduce the hatnote mentions by one. Keep this as the basename, however. Dohn joe (talk) 02:44, 5 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Support and redirect to Penal labor. -- Necrothesp (talk) 12:53, 7 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose per SMALLDETAILS.  Calidum   02:21, 11 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Weak support move but oppose redirecting "Hard Labor" to "Penal labor" per WP:DIFFCAPS and the likes of Red Meat.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 16:51, 11 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Note: I have created Hard labor (disambiguation), and discovered a few additional uses under the "Labour" spelling. bd2412  T 02:31, 12 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The current is acceptable SMALLDETAILS.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 07:23, 23 August 2019 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Hard Labor


text:
Te Haumi

Te Haumi is a settlement south-east of Paihia and north-west of Opua in the Bay of Islands area of Northland Region, New Zealand.

The Rangatira (Chief) Tohitapu lived at Te Haumi until his death in 1833. He is remembered in the naming of Tohitapu Road.

Demographics
Te Haumi is in two SA1 statistical areas which cover 0.62 km2. The SA1 areas are part of the larger Opua statistical area.

Te Haumi had a population of 375 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 15 people (4.2%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 15 people (−3.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 180 households, comprising 174 males and 204 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.85 males per female, with 36 people (9.6%) aged under 15 years, 27 (7.2%) aged 15 to 29, 186 (49.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 129 (34.4%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 84.8% European/Pākehā, 17.6% Māori, 3.2% Pacific peoples, 2.4% Asian, and 0.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 47.2% had no religion, 43.2% were Christian, 0.8% were Buddhist and 2.4% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 75 (22.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 42 (12.4%) people had no formal qualifications. 33 people (9.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 144 (42.5%) people were employed full-time, 45 (13.3%) were part-time, and 6 (1.8%) were unemployed.

title: Te Haumi


text: Category:Ursa Major Cluster

title: Category:Ursa Major Cluster


text:
Charles Cadogan, 8th Earl Cadogan

Charles Gerald John Cadogan, 8th Earl Cadogan, (24 March 1937 – 11 June 2023), styled as Viscount Chelsea until 1997, was a British billionaire peer and landowner.

Early life and education
Cadogan was the son of William Gerald Charles Cadogan, 7th Earl Cadogan and Primrose Lilian Yarde-Buller, and was known as Viscount Chelsea before inheriting the title of Earl Cadogan on the death of his father on 4 July 1997. He was a first cousin of the Aga Khan IV, spiritual head of the Ismaili sect of Shia Muslims.

He was educated at Ludgrove School and Eton College.

Military service
On 14 April 1956, Cadogan was commissioned in the Coldstream Guards, British Army in the rank of second lieutenant to undertake his national service. On 26 September 1957, he was transferred to the Army Emergency Reserve of Officers, thereby ending his period of full-time service. He was promoted to lieutenant on 23 December 1957. On 2 March 1961, he was transferred to the Regular Army Reserve of Officers, thereby ending his military service.

Career
Cadogan chaired Chelsea Football Club from 1981 until 1982 and was also a Governor of Culford School in Suffolk. He owned Bedfordshire-based high-end upholstered furniture manufacturer, Peter Guild Ltd, (now based in Long Eaton) for a period during the 1990s.

He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of Greater London in 1996.

In the Sunday Times Rich List 2023 ranking of the wealthiest people in the United Kingdom, his family was placed 36th with an estimated fortune of £5.57 billion. He was the third richest UK-based peer behind Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster and Lord Bamford. The Cadogan family's wealth is based on Cadogan Estates, which administers extensive landholdings in Chelsea, a wealthy part of London, including much of Sloane Street and Cadogan Hall.

In July 2021, he was worth over $6 billion according to Bloomberg.

Honours

 * Salvation Army Cross of the Order of Distinguished Auxiliary Service - 1970 (for exceptional service rendered to the Army by non-Salvationists)
 * Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) - 2012 Birthday Honours (for charitable services)

Marriages and children
On 6 June 1963 Cadogan married Lady Philippa Wallop (1937–1984), daughter of Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth. They had two sons and one daughter:

 * Lady Anna-Karina Cadogan (born 4 February 1964)
 * Edward Charles Cadogan, 9th Earl Cadogan (born 10 May 1966)
 * Hon William John Cadogan (born 9 November 1973)

Cadogan married secondly the etiquette expert Jennifer Rae (married 1989, divorced 1994).

His third marriage was to Dorothy Ann Shipsey (married 1994), formerly the matron at King Edward VII Hospital for Officers.

Death
Cadogan died on 11 June 2023 at the age of 86. His titles passed to his elder son, Edward, who was educated at St David's College, Llandudno and served with the RAF in the first Gulf war.

title: Charles Cadogan, 8th Earl Cadogan


text:
User talk:Rudchenko

Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for making editing tests in the Wikipedia sandbox, and not on other pages. However, when you use the sandbox, please do not remove the sandbox header. It identifies the page as the sandbox and provides directions to its users. Thank you.--Honeycake08:33, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rudchenko


text:
Talk:Bust a Groove

Dance game?
I don't believe this game belongs in the dance computer games category or should be described as a "dancing video game." Although it is a music game, it is played with a normal hand-held controller. All other games in the category (that I can see) are intended to be played with a dance pad, or motion sensors. Bust a Groove is more similar to PaRappa the Rapper in gameplay than to Dance Dance Revolution. Please correct me if I'm wrong and there's a version of the game that involves physical dancing. Otherwise, I'm going to move it to the rhythm game category. --LostLeviathan 08:37, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I've altered the article so that it now describes the game more appropriately as a hybrid music/fighting game. --LostLeviathan 20:42, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

PS2 and DS?
Why are playstation 2 and nintendo DS included in the categories?

Sequels
I think more info is needed on the sequels. Bust A Move/Groove 2 only gets a small mention, and Dance Summit 2001 is nowhere to be seen.

Gameplay
Why isn't there a section about gameplay? Isn't that what video games are about?

Fair use rationale for Image:Bustagroovecover.jpg
Image:Bustagroovecover.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 15:50, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

700 Years old
I don't believe that Pinky Diamond is 700 years old. I reverted it back to "unknown" Akira Tomosuke 06:52, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

Requested Move
Do not move (WP:MOSTM) Anthony Appleyard (talk) 16:35, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * The official title of the game is Bust A Groove and not having a small letter 'a', as stated by the back cover of the game and the Official website.--JCD (Talk) 23:59, 6 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose - WP:MOSTM seems to contradict this; we title articles according to correct English rules, not how companies style themselves and their products. Parsecboy (talk) 00:48, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * I see, I'm not absolutely aware of it. I agree. I will undo the request move.--JCD (Talk) 03:50, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Singers?
Who are the singers of the musics in the game ? i mean, it's a "musical game" after all, and that, some of the most important information in a game like this, is nowhere to be seen maybe the Japanese Wikipedia has the list, but, you know, it's not like everyone knows how to read Japanese 189.60.155.246 (talk) 16:19, 7 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bust a Groove


text:
List of unified school districts in Kansas

This is a list of unified school districts (USD) in the state of Kansas. It is grouped by county, based on the headquarters location of each school district.

Allen County

 * Humboldt USD 258
 * Iola USD 257
 * Marmaton Valley USD 256

Anderson County

 * Crest USD 479
 * Garnett USD 365

Atchison County

 * Atchison County USD 377
 * Atchison USD 409

Barber County

 * Barber County North USD 254
 * South Barber USD 255

Barton County

 * Ellinwood USD 355
 * Great Bend USD 428
 * Hoisington USD 431

Bourbon County

 * Fort Scott USD 234
 * Uniontown USD 235

Brown County

 * Hiawatha USD 415
 * South Brown County USD 430

Butler County

 * Andover USD 385
 * Augusta USD 402
 * Bluestem USD 205
 * Circle USD 375
 * Douglass USD 396
 * El Dorado USD 490
 * Flinthills USD 492
 * Remington USD 206
 * Rose Hill USD 394

Chase County

 * Chase County USD 284

Chautauqua County

 * Cedar Vale USD 285
 * Chautauqua County USD 286

Cherokee County

 * Baxter Springs USD 508
 * Columbus USD 493
 * Galena USD 499
 * Riverton USD 404

Cheyenne County

 * Cheylin USD 103
 * St. Francis USD 297

Clark County

 * Ashland USD 220
 * Minneola USD 219

Clay County

 * Clay County USD 379

Cloud County

 * Concordia USD 333
 * Southern Cloud USD 334

Coffey County

 * Burlington USD 244
 * Lebo–Waverly USD 243
 * LeRoy–Gridley USD 245 (Southern Coffey County)

Comanche County

 * Comanche County USD 300

Cowley County

 * Arkansas City USD 470
 * Central USD 462
 * Dexter USD 471
 * Udall USD 463
 * Winfield USD 465

Crawford County

 * Frontenac USD 249
 * Girard USD 248
 * Northeast USD 246
 * Pittsburg USD 250
 * Southeast USD 247

Decatur County

 * Oberlin USD 294

Dickinson County

 * Abilene USD 435
 * Chapman USD 473
 * Herington USD 487
 * Rural Vista USD 481
 * Solomon USD 393

Doniphan County

 * Doniphan West USD 111
 * Riverside USD 114
 * Troy USD 429

Douglas County

 * Baldwin City USD 348
 * Eudora USD 491
 * Lawrence USD 497

Edwards County

 * Kinsley–Offerle USD 347
 * Lewis USD 502 (K-6)

Elk County

 * Elk Valley USD 283
 * West Elk USD 282

Ellis County

 * Ellis USD 388
 * Hays USD 489
 * Victoria USD 432

Ellsworth County

 * Central Plains USD 112
 * Ellsworth USD 327

Finney County

 * Garden City USD 457
 * Holcomb USD 363

Ford County

 * Bucklin USD 459
 * Dodge City USD 443
 * Spearville USD 381

Franklin County

 * Central Heights USD 288
 * Ottawa USD 290
 * Wellsville USD 289
 * West Franklin USD 287

Geary County

 * Geary County USD 475

Gove County

 * Grinnell USD 291 (5-8)
 * Quinter USD 293
 * Wheatland USD 292 (9-12)

Graham County

 * Graham County USD 281

Grant County

 * Ulysses USD 214

Gray County

 * Cimarron–Ensign USD 102
 * Copeland USD 476
 * Ingalls USD 477
 * Montezuma USD 371

Greeley County

 * Greeley County USD 200

Greenwood County

 * Eureka USD 389
 * Hamilton USD 390
 * Madison–Virgil USD 386

Hamilton County

 * Syracuse USD 494

Harper County

 * Attica USD 511
 * Chaparral USD 361

Harvey County

 * Burrton USD 369
 * Halstead–Bentley USD 440
 * Hesston USD 460
 * Newton USD 373
 * Sedgwick USD 439

Haskell County

 * Satanta USD 507
 * Sublette USD 374

Hodgeman County

 * Hodgeman County USD 227

Jackson County

 * Holton USD 336
 * North Jackson USD 335
 * Royal Valley USD 337

Jefferson County

 * Jefferson County North USD 339
 * Jefferson West USD 340
 * McLouth USD 342
 * Oskaloosa USD 341
 * Perry–Lecompton USD 343
 * Valley Falls USD 338

Jewell County

 * Rock Hills USD 107

Johnson County

 * Blue Valley USD 229 (Johnson County)
 * De Soto USD 232
 * Gardner–Edgerton USD 231
 * Olathe USD 233
 * Shawnee Mission USD 512
 * Spring Hill USD 230

Kearny County

 * Deerfield USD 216
 * Lakin USD 215

Kingman County

 * Cunningham–West Kingman County USD 332
 * Kingman–Norwich USD 331

Kiowa County

 * Haviland USD 474 (K-8)
 * Kiowa County USD 422

Labette County

 * Chetopa–St. Paul USD 505
 * Labette County USD 506
 * Oswego USD 504
 * Parsons USD 503

Lane County

 * Dighton USD 482
 * Healy USD 468

Leavenworth County

 * Basehor–Linwood USD 458
 * Easton USD 449
 * Fort Leavenworth USD 207
 * Lansing USD 469
 * Leavenworth USD 453
 * Tonganoxie USD 464

Lincoln County

 * Lincoln USD 298
 * Sylvan–Lucas USD 299

Linn County

 * Jayhawk USD 346
 * Pleasanton USD 344
 * Prairie View USD 362

Logan County

 * Oakley USD 274
 * Triplains USD 275

Lyon County

 * Emporia USD 253
 * North Lyon County USD 251
 * Southern Lyon County USD 252

Marion County

 * Centre USD 397
 * Goessel USD 411
 * Hillsboro USD 410
 * Marion–Florence USD 408
 * Peabody–Burns USD 398

Marshall County

 * Marysville USD 364
 * Valley Heights USD 498
 * Vermillion USD 380

McPherson County

 * Canton–Galva USD 419
 * Inman USD 448
 * McPherson USD 418
 * Moundridge USD 423
 * Smoky Valley USD 400

Meade County

 * Fowler USD 225
 * Meade USD 226

Miami County

 * Louisburg USD 416
 * Osawatomie USD 367
 * Paola USD 368

Mitchell County

 * Beloit USD 273
 * Waconda USD 272

Montgomery County

 * Caney Valley USD 436
 * Cherryvale USD 447
 * Coffeyville USD 445
 * Independence USD 446

Morris County

 * Morris County USD 417

Morton County

 * Elkhart USD 218
 * Rolla USD 217

Nemaha County

 * Nemaha Central USD 115
 * Prairie Hills USD 113

Neosho County

 * Chanute USD 413
 * Erie–Galesburg USD 101

Ness County

 * Ness City USD 303
 * Western Plains USD 106

Norton County

 * Northern Valley USD 212
 * Norton USD 211

Osage County

 * Burlingame USD 454
 * Lyndon USD 421
 * Marais des Cygnes Valley USD 456
 * Osage City USD 420
 * Santa Fe Trail USD 434

Osborne County

 * Osborne USD 392

Ottawa County

 * North Ottawa County USD 239
 * Twin Valley USD 240

Pawnee County

 * Fort Larned USD 495
 * Pawnee Heights USD 496

Phillips County

 * Logan USD 326
 * Phillipsburg USD 325
 * Thunder Ridge USD 110

Pottawatomie County

 * Kaw Valley USD 321
 * Onaga USD 322
 * Rock Creek USD 323
 * Wamego USD 320

Pratt County

 * Pratt USD 382
 * Skyline USD 438

Rawlins County

 * Rawlins County USD 105

Reno County

 * Buhler USD 313
 * Fairfield USD 310
 * Haven USD 312
 * Hutchinson USD 308
 * Nickerson–South Hutchinson USD 309
 * Pretty Prairie USD 311

Republic County

 * Pike Valley USD 426
 * Republic County USD 109

Rice County

 * Chase–Raymond USD 401
 * Little River–Windom USD 444
 * Lyons USD 405
 * Sterling USD 376

Riley County

 * Blue Valley USD 384 (Riley County)
 * Manhattan–Ogden USD 383
 * Riley County USD 378

Rooks County

 * Palco USD 269
 * Plainville USD 270
 * Stockton USD 271

Rush County

 * La Crosse USD 395
 * Otis–Bison USD 403

Russell County

 * Natoma–Paradise–Waldo USD 399
 * Russell County USD 407

Saline County

 * Ell–Saline USD 307
 * Salina USD 305
 * Southeast of Saline USD 306

Scott County

 * Scott County USD 466

Sedgwick County

 * Cheney USD 268
 * Clearwater USD 264
 * Derby USD 260
 * Goddard USD 265
 * Haysville USD 261
 * Maize USD 266
 * Mulvane USD 263
 * Renwick USD 267
 * Valley Center USD 262
 * Wichita USD 259

Seward County

 * Southwestern Heights USD 483
 * Liberal USD 480

Shawnee County

 * Auburn–Washburn USD 437
 * Seaman USD 345
 * Shawnee Heights USD 450
 * Silver Lake USD 372
 * Topeka USD 501

Sheridan County

 * Hoxie USD 412

Sherman County

 * Goodland USD 352

Smith County

 * Smith Center USD 237

Stafford County

 * Macksville USD 351
 * St. John–Hudson USD 350
 * Stafford USD 349

Stanton County

 * Stanton County USD 452

Stevens County

 * Hugoton USD 210
 * Moscow USD 209

Sumner County

 * Argonia USD 359
 * Belle Plaine USD 357
 * Caldwell USD 360
 * Conway Springs USD 356
 * Oxford USD 358
 * South Haven USD 509
 * Wellington USD 353

Thomas County

 * Brewster USD 314
 * Colby USD 315
 * Golden Plains USD 316

Trego County

 * WaKeeney USD 208

Wabaunsee County

 * Mission Valley USD 330
 * Wabaunsee USD 329

Wallace County

 * Wallace County USD 241
 * Weskan USD 242

Washington County

 * Barnes–Hanover–Linn USD 223
 * Clifton–Clyde USD 224
 * Washington County USD 108

Wichita County

 * Leoti–Wichita County USD 467

Wilson County

 * Altoona–Midway USD 387
 * Fredonia USD 484
 * Neodesha USD 461

Woodson County

 * Woodson USD 366

Wyandotte County

 * Bonner Springs–Edwardsville USD 204
 * Kansas City USD 500
 * Piper USD 203
 * Turner USD 202

District changes
The number of students in rural communities dropped significantly across the 20th century. As farming technology progressed from animal power to small tractors towards large tractors over time, it allowed a farmer to support significantly more farm land. In turn, this led to fewer farm families, which led to fewer rural students. In combination with a loss of young men during foreign wars and rural flight, all of these caused an incremental population shrinkage of rural communities over time. In 1945 (after World War II), the School Reorganization Act in Kansas caused the consolidation of thousands of rural school districts in Kansas (mostly one room rural school houses). In 1963, the School Unification Act in Kansas caused the further consolidatation of thousands of tiny school districts into hundreds of larger Unified School Districts.

The following list is not complete.

Renamed

 * Cherokee USD 247 changed name to Southeast USD 247 in 2007.
 * Greensburg USD 422 changed name to Kiowa County USD 422 in 2010s.
 * Jetmore USD 227 changed name to Hodgeman County USD 227 in 2000s.
 * Kismet–Plains USD 483 changed name to Southwestern Heights USD 483 in ?
 * Mill Creek Valley USD 329 changed name to Wabaunsee USD 329 in 2016.
 * Paradise USD 399 changed name to Natoma–Paradise–Waldo USD 399 in ?
 * Wabaunsee East USD 330 changed name to Mission Valley USD 330 in 2004.

Dissolved

 * Hanston USD 228 dissolved to merge into Jetmore USD 227 in 2011, which at some point was renamed to Hodgeman County USD 227.
 * Jewell USD 279 dissolved and split to merge into Beloit USD 273 and Rock Hills USD 107 on July 1, 2009.
 * Morland USD 280 dissolved to merge into Hill City USD 281 in 2002.
 * Mullinville USD 424 dissolved to merge into Kiowa County USD 422 in 2011.
 * Nes Tre La Go USD 301 dissolved and split to merge into Western Plains USD 106 and Ness City USD 303 in 2005.
 * Prairie Heights USD 295 dissolved and split to merge into Hoxie USD 412 and Oberlin USD 294 on July 1, 2006.
 * West Solomon USD 213 dissolved to merge into Norton USD 211 on July 1, 2010.

Consolidated
This lists school districts that merged to form a new school district. The number of consolidations is half the size of this list because every district is listed on the left side.
 * Atwood USD 318 and Herndon USD 317 consolidated to form Rawlins County USD 105 in 2003.
 * Axtell USD 488 and Sabetha-Wetmore USD 441 consolidated to form Prairie Hills USD 113 on July 1, 2010.
 * B & B USD 451 and Nemaha Valley USD 442 consolidated to form Nemaha Central USD 115 on July 31, 2011.
 * Bazine USD 304 and Ransom USD 302 consolidated to form Western Plains USD 106 in 2004.
 * Belleville USD 427 and Hillcrest USD 455 consolidated to form Republic County USD 109 in 2006.
 * Claflin USD 354 and Lorraine USD 328 consolidated to form Central Plains USD 112 on July 1, 2010.
 * Eastern Heights USD 324 and West Smith County USD 238 consolidated to form Thunder Ridge USD 110 on July 1, 2008.
 * Elwood USD 486 and Wathena USD 406 consolidated to form Riverside USD 114 on July 1, 2010.
 * Herndon USD 317 and Atwood USD 318 consolidated to form Rawlins County USD 105 in 2003.
 * Highland USD 425 and Midway-Denton USD 433 consolidated to form Doniphan West USD 111 in 2009.
 * Hillcrest USD 455 and Belleville USD 427 consolidated to form Republic County USD 109 in 2006.
 * Lorraine USD 328 and Claflin USD 328 consolidated to form Central Plains USD 112 on July 1, 2010.
 * Mankato USD 278 and White Rock USD 104 consolidated to form Rock Hills USD 107 in 2006.
 * Midway-Denton USD 433 and Highland USD 425 consolidated to form Doniphan West USD 111 in 2009.
 * Nemaha Valley USD 442 and B & B USD 451 consolidated to form Nemaha Central USD 115 on July 31, 2011.
 * North Central USD 221 and Washington USD 222 consolidated to form Washington County USD 108 in 2006.
 * Ransom USD 302 and Bazine USD 304 consolidated to form Western Plains USD 106 in 2004.
 * Sabetha-Wetmore USD 441 and Axtell USD 488 consolidated to form Prairie Hills USD 113 on July 1, 2010.
 * Washington USD 222 and North Central USD 221 consolidated to form Washington County USD 108 in 2006.
 * Wathena USD 406 and Elwood USD 486 consolidated to form Riverside USD 114 on July 1, 2010.
 * West Smith County USD 238 and Eastern Heights USD 324 consolidated to form Thunder Ridge USD 110 on July 1, 2008.
 * White Rock USD 104 and Mankato USD 278 consolidated to form Rock Hills USD 107 in 2006.

Future

 * Healy USD 468 is planning to dissolve and consolidate in 2025.


text:
William Cadogan, 7th Earl Cadogan

William Gerald Charles Cadogan, 7th Earl Cadogan, MC, DL (13 February 1914 – 4 July 1997) was a British peer and professional soldier.

Early life
Born on 13 February 1914, he was the eldest son of Gerald Cadogan, 6th Earl Cadogan and his wife Lilian Cadogan. He was educated at Eton College, an all-boys public boarding school in Eton, Berkshire.

He inherited his titles on the death of his father on 4 October 1933, his family seat at Culford Park was sold in 1935 and became Culford School. On 12 May 1937, as a peer of the realm, he attended the Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth.

Military service
Having attended Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Cadogan was commissioned on 1 February 1934 as a second lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards, British Army. He transferred to the Supplementary Reserve of Officers on 3 June 1936, thereby becoming a part-time soldier. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 February 1937. On 12 April 1937, he transferred from the Coldstream Guards to the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, Territorial Army, in the rank of second lieutenant.

Cadogan saw active service during the Second World War. On 4 February 1943, as a lieutenant (temporary captain), he was awarded the Military Cross (MC) "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in the Middle East".

On 1 May 1947, he transferred from the Reserve of Officers to the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, a Territorial Army unit of the Royal Armoured Corps and was promoted to lieutenant colonel. He relinquished his commission on 1 May 1948 and was granted the honorary rank of lieutenant colonel.

Later life
Cadogan held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of the County of London in 1958 and was Mayor of Chelsea in 1964.

On his death in 1997 his titles passed to his son Charles Gerald John Cadogan, 8th Earl Cadogan.

Personal life
Cadogan married twice; firstly, on 11 June 1936 Primrose Lilian Yarde-Buller, daughter of John Reginald Lopes Yarde-Buller, 3rd Baron Churston of Churston Ferrers and Lupton and secondly Cecilia Margaret Hamilton-Wedderburn (10 March 1916 – 31 March 1999), daughter of Lt-Col. Henry Kellerman Hamilton-Wedderburn, on 13 January 1961. With his first wife he had four children, the eldest son of whom was his heir Charles Gerald John Cadogan, 8th Earl Cadogan.

He was a Freemason and served as the Pro Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England from 1969 until 1982.

title: William Cadogan, 7th Earl Cadogan


text:
Gerald Cadogan, 6th Earl Cadogan

Gerald Oakley Cadogan, 6th Earl Cadogan, CBE, DL (28 May 1869 – 4 October 1933) was a British peer and professional soldier.

He was the son of George Henry Cadogan, 5th Earl Cadogan and inherited his titles on 6 March 1915 on the death of his father, with two elder brothers having died without male heirs. He married Lilian Eleanor Marie Coxon, daughter of George Stewart Coxon, on 7 June 1911 at Christ Church, Mayfair, London. They had three children, the eldest son of whom was his heir William Gerald Charles Cadogan, 7th Earl Cadogan.

He joined the Army as a lieutenant in the Life Guards, but received a staff appointment as Aide-de-Camp (ADC) to his father when the latter became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1895. Cadogan continued as an Extra-ADC to Lord Dudley, who became Lord Lieutenant in August 1902, but resigned with him in 1905.

In July 1897 he was appointed a captain in the 3rd (West Suffolk Militia) Battalion, Suffolk Regiment. In January 1900 he was seconded for active service as a special service officer in South Africa during the Second Boer War, and he left Southampton early the following month on board the SS Canada. He later served with the South African Constabulary under the Military Governor of Pretoria, and returned to London in January 1902.

He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1919 and became Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of Suffolk. He was awarded the rank of Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel in the Suffolk Volunteer Regiment of the Volunteer Training Corps. He was a member of the International Olympic Committee from 1922 to 1929. In that role he is portrayed, by actor Patrick Magee, in the 1981 film Chariots of Fire as urging runner Eric Liddell to appear in an event where the Prince of Wales would be present that was on Sunday at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. On his death in 1933 aged 64 he was succeeded by his son William Gerald Charles Cadogan, 7th Earl Cadogan. His wife remarried.

Culford Park, the family seat, was sold and is now a private school.

title: Gerald Cadogan, 6th Earl Cadogan


text:
Haumi River

The Haumi River is a river of the Northland Region of New Zealand. It flows into the Bay of Islands immediately south of Paihia.

title: Haumi River


text: User talk:83.115.15.49

title: User talk:83.115.15.49


text:
File:Three Dog Night - Joy to the World.jpg

Cover for album Joy To the World: Their Greatest Hits by Three Dog Night.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


text:
John J. Pettus

John Jones Pettus (October 9, 1813 – January 25, 1867) was an American politician, lawyer, and slave owner who served as the 23rd Governor of Mississippi, from 1859 to 1863. Before being elected in his own right to full gubernatorial terms in 1859 and 1861, he served as acting governor from January 5 to 10, 1854, following the resignation of Henry S. Foote. A member of the Democratic Party, Pettus had previously been a Mississippi state representative, a member and president of the Mississippi State Senate. He strongly supported Mississippi's secession from the United States in 1861 and sought cooperation with the Confederate States of America.

Early life
John Jones Pettus was born on October 9, 1813, in Wilson County, Tennessee, to John Pettus, a farmer, and his wife Alice Taylor (née Winston) Pettus. He was the brother of Edmund Pettus, and a distant cousin of Jefferson Davis. He was raised in Limestone County, Alabama, after his father moved the family from Tennessee. Only nine when his father died, Pettus helped with chores and was educated at home by his mother. Pettus settled in Mississippi in 1835. After a brief stay in Sumter County, Alabama, where he studied law, he opened a law practice in Scooba, Mississippi. In the 1840s, he married a cousin, Permelia Winston. He became a farmer and by 1850 owned 1600 acre and enslaved twenty-four people.

Political career
In 1844, Pettus represented Kemper County in the Mississippi House of Representatives. In 1848, he was elected to the Mississippi Senate. In 1853, while Governor Henry S. Foote was waiting for the January 11 inauguration of John J. McRae, Foote grew bitter and angry, addressing the legislative session by announcing that he had considered resigning in protest once the election results came in. At noon on January 5, 1854, Foote's resignation was received by the state senate.

The Mississippi Constitution of 1832 had abolished the office of lieutenant governor. As President of the Mississippi Senate, Pettus was next in seniority and sworn in at noon on January 7, 1854. He held the governorship until McRae was sworn in on January 10, 1854. His only recorded act during these 120 hours was to order a special session in Noxubee County to fill the office of a deceased state representative, Francis Irby. On January 11, McRae was inaugurated as governor, and Pettus returned as senate president. During the 1850s, he became identified as "the Mississippi Fire-eater," a term referring to Southerners supporting secession.

In 1859, he was elected governor. In his inaugural address, he said that the South's only way to maintain slavery was secession and called for a Southern Confederacy. Following President Abraham Lincoln's election, on November 26, 1860, Pettus called for a Special Session of the Legislature and urged the legislature to call for a convention to withdraw Mississippi from the United States. The Legislature called for a Secession Convention which convened in Jackson on January 7, 1861. Two days later, Mississippi officially declared secession from the United States. On February 4, 1861, along with five other slave states, the Confederate States of America was established at Montgomery, Alabama, precipitating the American Civil War. Pettus was re-elected in the fall of 1861. Pettus was succeeded by Charles Clark.

Later life
Ineligible under the Mississippi Constitution to run for a third term, Pettus became a colonel in the Mississippi State Troops. In September 1865, he took the oath of allegiance to the United States but failed on three separate occasions to receive a presidential pardon. After the war, he relocated to Pulaski County (present-day Lonoke County, Arkansas). Pettus died on January 25, 1867, of pneumonia and is buried in the Flat Bayou Cemetery, Jefferson County, Arkansas.

title: John J. Pettus


text:
Talk:Prairie

2% left in United States?
Meaning, 2% of the total land area of the United States, or 2% of the original prairie? 71.172.238.99 (talk) 19:32, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

Drought section - apparently prairies were created by god. I disagree. I believe Charles Darwin would disagree as well.

what is a prairie?
The "definition" doesn't really do a good job of explaining what a prairie is... flat? hilly? has trees? No trees? etc... It rather seems to talk to classification schemes. But no test is provided that one could apply to a stretch of land to decide if it was a prairie or not. ++Lar: t/c 11:25, 19 May 2009 (UTC)this was an niki haineman state place before 14202601:540:8203:BBD0:3D18:DEF9:7F35:BA89 (talk) 19:23, 19 September 2016 (UTC)

dustbowl?
Aren't these the areas of the Dustbowl in the US? Shouldn't this ariticle say so? Wasn't the metal plow the start of a decade of nightmare as well as the beginning of successful farming on the prairie? IceDragon64 (talk) 22:54, 17 September 2009 (UTC)

Merge
At the risk of offending it seems to me this article should be merged or renamed/rescoped in some fashion.

The article purports to be talking about a type of terrain (as opposed to a geographical area) but is really focused entirely on North America. Though there are unique aspects to the North American prairies I would argue that these are not so unique as to merit as merit an article for the sub-category of terrain in NA. If we look for example, at the French WP article this is linked to, that article is talking about a geographical area with grassland ecology but does not purport to be talking about a unique terrain type. The term "prairie" is really an Americanism invented to describe the NA grasslands.

I would suggest one of the following:
 * Merge with North American Prairies Province
 * Rename the article to North American Prairies (that article is currently a redirect here); if this is done there needs to be a clear distinction made between what this article covers and what North American Prairies Province covers
 * Merge with Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands and perhaps move some of the NA-specific content to North American Prairies Province

--Mcorazao (talk) 17:59, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Turkey Foots?
Sorry, but I had to delete "turkey foot(s)" without discussion. Foots? If I am wrong, give me a reference. Anyway, turkey foot is big bluestem, so I added that, and it has a Wikipedia article. This reference calls it "turkey feet". This one capitalizes it as "Big bluestem". This source looks useful. But nothing seems to support "turkey foots". Taquito1 (talk) 02:55, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

Jacobsburg Environmental Education Center, Pennsylvania
I read the article, and it looks like it's a woodland, not a prairie. Now I am a rather extreme inclusionist, so if anyone can come up with an even remotely plausible reason why this should be included, I'm OK with it. Otherwise, I think it should be deleted. Also, I noticed two places in Florida are listed---and Florida is not mentioned anywhere else in the article---but I do know that Florida has a lot of tall grass, so maybe this merits inclusion. Shanoman (talk) 03:26, 10 November 2010 (UTC)

Corn, Soybeans major food crops?
This is rather doubtful. About 95% of the corn grown in the U.S. is not destined for usage as human consumption. Ditto with soybeans. You can check references in their corresponding articles on their usage. Corn - livestock feed and ethanol production. Soybeans - soybean oil, livestock feed. I perceive an amount of POV in this article. --66.41.154.0 (talk) 16:21, 24 June 2014 (UTC)
 * I rephrased the following sentence: "Unlike corn and soybeans which are both directly and indirectly major food crops, including livestock feed, prairie grasses are not used for human consumption." Italic mine. Maybe this will fix it... Dinky town   talk  10:11, 1 June 2015 (UTC)

Fertility, Deep roots
This statement is dubious as well. Prairie grasses grow and produce seed in spring and early summer. By the time July rolls around, they are done for the year and go dormant in the dry conditions. Conversely modern corn varieties are growing strong and remain green throughout the summer because of a deep root system (typically 8-10 feet). Not sure about soybeans. --66.41.154.0 (talk) 16:33, 24 June 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Prairie. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140903/http://www.prairiepublic.org/television/prairie-public-on-demand/america%E2%80%99s-grasslands to http://www.prairiepublic.org/television/prairie-public-on-demand/america%E2%80%99s-grasslands

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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:16, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

Geography
Where is prairie Grassland located? 106.79.204.160 (talk) 12:58, 1 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Did you look at the map in the article? SpinningSpark 13:31, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

First picture
I'm not familiar with how to edit pictures but could we change the lead picture to one of the really nice one's below rather than just a picture of grass. RichmanHopson (talk) 17:28, 25 January 2022 (UTC)

What to do with the Physiography section?
The section labeled Physiography is incredibly long, repeats information stated elsewhere in the article, and seems to have an excessive amount of detail for an encyclopedic treatment of the subject, some of which feels tangential to the essence of "Prairie." On top of that, it cites no sources. Due to this, I've considered deleting it all, but I am reluctant to do this. However, I am stuck on how to tackle trimming it down and salvaging it, since it's a formidable text wall and I would have to track down citations for the statements given without knowing where they originally are from. PerytonMango (talk) 18:20, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prairie


text:
User:Jman

Hello! I go by Jman and this is my Wiki page.

I like the Wikimedia projects because I like free information. I also enjoy the Fedora Core Linux distribution, which powers this site and my computer.

Weird Stuff
Masturbation is certainly not a unique sport.

title: User:Jman


text:
Regions of Iran

Iran has been divided into regions in a number of different ways historically. It has been divided into five administrative regions ( mantaqehâ, singular منطقه mantaqe) since 2014.

Current administrative regions
Iran's thirty-one provinces were grouped into five regions on 22 June 2014, based on a decision by the Ministry of Interior. In this change, the adjacency, geographical location and similarities of the provinces were considered.

The Constitution of Iran does not provide for regions and they are not the constituent units of the country but exist purely for the convenience of governmental administration.

According to Javad Naserian, the Ministry of Interior's Management Development and Human Resources Vice-Minister, the purpose of this grouping of provinces was the creation of synergy, transfer of experience, information exchange, and regional development. Also, it now provides an intermediate level where provinces can discuss their problems among themselves, instead of going immediately to Tehran.

The intention was for each region to have regularly scheduled meetings of the constituent provinces' governors-general, rotating the meeting place through the provincial capitals. The host province would provide the chairman of each meeting. A regional secretariat would be established in the capital city of the main province of each region, with a coordinating bureau in the Ministry of Interior headquarters in Tehran.

Historical regions
In 1937 the territory of Iran was divided into ten administrative regions:, , , etc.(fa) For example, or "Seventh Province" corresponded to present-day Fars Province per the "Territorial Subdivision Act of 1316 Š./1937 (Qānūn-e taqsīmāt-e kešvar)."

Histories, travel books and economic analyses often refer to less formal, more historical or geographical, Iranian regions. The borders of these are not fixed and often have changed over time, and even overlapped at the same time.
 * Alamut - in the Alborz mountain range of northern Iran;
 * Central Iran: Known as Iraq-i Ajam (Persian Iraq)
 * Baluchistan (Southeastern Iran) - sometimes just Sistan and Baluchestan Province and sometimes all of Baluchistan;
 * Caspian Iran (Northern Iran, Tabaristan or "Mardi and Hyrcania" ) - Gilan Province, Mazandaran Province, and Golestan Province, and historically sometimes northern Semnan
 * Eastern Iran
 * Iranian Azerbaijan - approximately the current provinces of Region 3, but often excluding Kurdistan Province and often excluding the Caspian province of Gilan;
 * Iranian Kurdistan - including Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah Province and parts of Ilam Province and parts of West Azerbaijan Province;
 * Khorasan - consisting of North Khorasan Province, Razavi Khorasan Province, South Khorasan Province, and sometimes eastern Semnan Province
 * Quhistan - southern Khorasan;
 * Persian Gulf Iran (Persian Gulf region of Iran, Southern Iran) - Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad, Hormozgan and Bushehr provinces;
 * Southeastern Iran (Carmania) - mostly Kerman Province, but often extending to the coast;
 * Western Iran (Khuzestan, Elam) - the 'birthplace of Iran', similar to Region 4 (Hamadan Province, Ilam Province, Kermanshah Province, Khuzestan Province, Lorestan Province, Markazi Province), but often including all of or some of Qazvin Province, Kurdistan Province, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province;

title: Regions of Iran


text:
Reap the Wild Wind

Reap the Wild Wind is a 1942 American adventure film produced and directed by Cecil B. DeMille and starring Ray Milland, John Wayne, and Paulette Goddard, with a supporting cast featuring Raymond Massey, Robert Preston, Lynne Overman, Susan Hayward and Charles Bickford. DeMille's second Technicolor production, the film is based on a serialized story written by Thelma Strabel in 1940 for The Saturday Evening Post. The screenplay was written by Alan Le May (author of the novel The Searchers), Charles Bennett, Jesse Lasky, Jr. and Jeanie MacPherson.

While he based his film on Strabel's story, set in the 1840s along the Florida coast, DeMille took liberties with details such as sibling relationships and subplots, while staying true to the spirit of the story, which centers on the headstrong, independent woman portrayed by Goddard.

Released shortly after the United States' entry into World War II, Reap the Wild Wind was wildly successful at the box office and earned three Academy Award nominations, winning for Best Special Effects.

Plot
In 1840, Loxi Claiborne is running a marine salvage business started by her deceased father. A hurricane is passing through the Key West area, leaving behind at least one wreck on the nearby shoals. The Jubilee founders, and Loxi and other salvagers race to claim the cargo. Not arriving first, Loxi and her crew rescue the captain, Jack Stuart, but do not share in the salvage rights. Apparently, the first salvager on the scene, King Cutler, may have actually planned the wreck. Nursing Jack back to health, Loxi falls in love with him. When she visits Charleston with her cousin Drusilla, Loxi schemes to win a plum captain's position for Jack by seducing Steve Tolliver, who is running the sailing ship line for which Jack works. Steve falls for Loxi and returns with her to Key West to investigate the truth about Jack's shipwreck.

Drusilla goes home to Havana when Loxi and Steve return to Key West. Steve has come to rid the Keys of pirates like Cutler (and to be near Loxi). Cutler, in turn, arranges to have Steve shanghaied by the crew of a whaler. Loxi hears of the plot and gets Jack to help her save Steve. Later, they discover that Steve has concealed Jack's appointment to the steamship Southern Cross on orders from his superior. Angry over a seemingly underhanded act, Jack meets with Cutler. He learns that Steve's boss has just died and that Steve will be taking over the shipping line. Jack realizes that he is unlikely to keep his command with Steve in charge and agrees to work with Cutler to sabotage his new ship; he sails to Havana to take command. Rumors circulate and prices of the cargo of the Southern Cross fluctuate wildly, leaving Steve to suspect a wreck is planned. He commandeers the Claiborne with Loxi on board and heads to Havana to stop Jack. Loxi, believing Jack is innocent, disables her ship, and they sit becalmed in a fog bank as the Southern Cross piles into a reef and sinks. Unknown to Jack, Drusilla had stowed away to be with her lover, King Cutler's brother Dan, and she drowns.

Jack is put on trial for wrecking his ship. The testimony reveals a woman may have been on board, though none was rescued. To determine if a woman is in the wreck, Steve agrees to dive to the wreck with Jack. While down in the wreck, Jack and Steve discover proof that Drusilla was on board and has been drowned. They are attacked by a giant squid. Jack saves Steve's life, but is lost when the Southern Cross slips off the continental shelf into deep water. Dan Cutler accuses his brother of murder and is shot dead by him, whereupon, Steve shoots King Cutler, killing him.

Loxi and Steve return to Charleston together.

Cast

 * Ray Milland as Steven Tolliver
 * John Wayne as Jack Stuart
 * Paulette Goddard as Loxi Claiborne
 * Raymond Massey as King Cutler
 * Robert Preston as Dan Cutler
 * Lynne Overman as Captain Philpott
 * Susan Hayward as Drusilla Alston
 * Milburn Stone as Lieutenant Farragut
 * Charles Bickford as Bully Brown
 * Walter Hampden as Commodore Devereaux
 * Louise Beavers as Maum Maria, the Claiborne Maid
 * Martha O'Driscoll as Ivy Devereaux
 * Elisabeth Risdon as Mrs. Claiborne
 * Hedda Hopper as Aunt Henrietta Beresford
 * Victor Kilian as Mathias Widgeon
 * Oscar Polk as Salt Meat
 * Raymond Hatton as Master Shipwright
 * Lane Chandler as Sam
 * William 'Wee Willie' Davis as The Lamb
 * Ben Carter as Chinkapin
 * Janet Beecher as Mrs. Mottram
 * Dave Wengren as 'Claiborne' Lookout
 * Davison Clark as Judge Marvin
 * Louis Merrill as Captain of the 'Pelican'
 * Frank M. Thomas as Dr. Jepson
 * Victor Varconi as Lubbock
 * Sue Thomas as Belle at Ball
 * James Dime as a spongeboat crewman
 * Cecil B. DeMille as Narrator (uncredited)

Production
The film is unusual among films starring John Wayne since it is one of relatively few films in which he plays a character with a notable dark side, as well as accepting second billing under Milland. Wayne subsequently starred in a 1948 seafaring adventure titled Wake of the Red Witch which had numerous similarities to Reap the Wild Wind, including Wayne's portrayal of an even darker character.

This film also marks the final appearance by Hedda Hopper as an actress in a significant role. The gossip columnist would, however, make cameo appearances in subsequent films.

title: Reap the Wild Wind


text:
Joy to the World: Their Greatest Hits

Joy to the World: Their Greatest Hits is the twelfth album by American rock band, Three Dog Night, released in 1974.

Release
Joy to the World is the follow-up compilation to Golden Bisquits, consisting of eleven (out of twelve) charted hits from the group's previous four studio albums (the top 20 hit "Pieces of April" was left off for reasons unknown), two charted hits that already appeared on their first greatest hits compilation ("One" and "One Man Band"), and non-charting B-side "I'd Be So Happy". In 1981 the album was reissued on MCA Records with issue number MCA-37120.

Critical reception
Reviewing in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau wrote: "Things seem to be winding up for the Kings of Oversing, but this fourteen-song compilation demonstrates that the singles, unlike the albums, didn't diminish much. It also suggests that though they're praised when at all for translating weirdos like Nilsson and Newman into AM, they also deserve credit for preserving the odd goody (two apiece) by the likes of Paul Williams and Hoyt Axton. Only Lighthouse keeper Skip Prokop proves beyond help."

Personnel

 * Mike Allsup - banjo, guitar
 * Jimmy Greenspoon - keyboards
 * Danny Hutton - vocals
 * Skip Konte - keyboards on "The Show Must Go On", "Sure As I'm Sittin' Here", "Play Something Sweet" and "I'd Be So Happy"
 * Chuck Negron - vocals
 * Joe Schermie - bass guitar except as indicated below
 * Jack Ryland - bass guitar on "Shambala", "Let Me Serenade You", "The Show Must Go On", "Sure As I'm Sittin' Here", "Play Something Sweet" and "I'd Be So Happy"
 * Floyd Sneed - drums, percussion
 * Cory Wells - vocals

Production
 * Producers: Jimmy Ienner, Gabriel Mekler, Richard Podolor

Charts
Album - Billboard (United States)

title: Joy to the World: Their Greatest Hits


text: Talk:Joy to the World: Their Greatest Hits


text:
SPCC

SPCC might refer to:

Educational institutions

 * St. Paul's Co-educational College in Hong Kong
 * St. Philip's Christian College in Waratah, Australia
 * St Peter Claver College in Riverview, Australia
 * South Piedmont Community College in the US state of North Carolina

Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

 * National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
 * Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
 * Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
 * New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
 * Children 1st, previously known as the Royal Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children

Other

 * St Pancras Cruising Club, a members' group of canal boat owners in London
 * St. Paul Curling Club in St. Paul, Minnesota
 * Sex Positive Community Center in Seattle, Washington
 * Shelly Park Cruising Club
 * Sikkim Pradesh Congress Committee, branch of the Indian National Congress in Sikkim
 * Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure, a program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
 * Southern Pacific Communications Company, a component part of the U.S. telecom company CenturyLink
 * Cold Rolled Carbon Steel Sheets and Strip, a Japanese industrial standard

title: SPCC


text:
Henry Cadogan, 4th Earl Cadogan

Henry Charles Cadogan, 4th Earl Cadogan PC (15 February 1812 – 8 June 1873), styled Viscount Chelsea between 1820 and 1864, was a British diplomat and Conservative politician. He served as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard between 1866 and 1868.

Background and education
Cadogan was born at South Audley Street, Mayfair, London, the second but eldest surviving son of George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan, by his wife Honoria Louisa Blake, daughter of Joseph Blake. He was educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford.

Diplomatic and political career
Cadogan initially joined the Diplomatic Service and was an attaché in St Petersburg from 1834 to 1835. In 1841 he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Reading, a seat he held until 1847, and then represented Dover from 1852 to 1857. He then returned to the Diplomatic Service and served as Secretary of the Paris Embassy from 1858 to 1859. In 1864 he succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. When the Conservatives came to power under Lord Derby in 1866, Cadogan was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, a post he held until 1868, the last year under the premiership of Benjamin Disraeli.

Apart from his diplomatic and political careers, Lord Cadogan was the Colonel of the Royal Westminster Militia, appointed on 6 December 1841. On 13 March 1865 he became Honorary Colonel of the regiment.

Family
Lord Cadogan married Mary Sarah Wellesley, daughter of Valerian Wellesley, on 13 July 1836 in Durham Cathedral. They had four sons and two daughters. The Countess Cadogan died in February 1873, aged 65. Lord Cadogan only survived her by four months and died at Woodrising, Norfolk, in June 1873, aged 61. His eldest son George succeeded in the earldom.

title: Henry Cadogan, 4th Earl Cadogan