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He's Alive

"He's Alive" is episode four of the fourth season of The Twilight Zone. It tells of an American neo-Nazi who is visited by the ghost of Adolf Hitler. Writer Rod Serling scripted a longer version of the teleplay to be made into a feature-length film, but it was never produced. This episode is notable for Dennis Hopper's breakout performance as Peter Vollmer.

Opening narration
Portrait of a bush-league Führer named Peter Vollmer, a sparse little man who feeds off his self-delusions and finds himself perpetually hungry for want of greatness in his diet. And like some goose-stepping predecessors he searches for something to explain his hunger, and to rationalize why a world passes him by without saluting. That something he looks for and finds is in a sewer. In his own twisted and distorted lexicon he calls it faith, strength, truth. But in just a moment Peter Vollmer will ply his trade on another kind of corner, a strange intersection in a shadowland called the Twilight Zone.

Plot
Peter Vollmer, the leader of a small and struggling Neo-Nazi group, is mocked and ridiculed by the crowds he preaches to on street corners. Ernst Ganz, the elderly Jewish man that Vollmer has had a sympathetic, uncle-like relationship with since he was an abused and neglected kid, offers him shelter and compassion but not respect. Ernst spent nine years in Dachau and recognizes that Vollmer's politics stem from a childish desire for the respect of others. This pains Vollmer, who openly confesses that he views Ernst as a father figure, since his real father physically abused him and his mother was never around.

Beginning one night, Vollmer is periodically visited by a shadowy figure who teaches him how to enthrall a crowd. The figure teaches Vollmer how to speak, and pays Vollmer's rent at the hall where he holds rallies. He also instructs Vollmer to arrange the death of one of his followers, Nick Bloss, thereby creating a martyr to rally everyone around (a reference to the 1930 murder of Horst Wessel, a low-ranking officer in the Sturmabteilung). Following the figure's instructions and assistance, Vollmer becomes considerably more successful and his group's following grows. Ernst becomes fearful that Vollmer may actually succeed in igniting another Holocaust. He disrupts a rally, accusing Vollmer of being "nothing but a cheap copy" of the German Führer while Vollmer cowers before his surrogate father.

After the failed rally, the shadowy figure rebukes Vollmer for his failure and says that from now on he will be ordering Vollmer rather than instructing him. Vollmer demands to know who his mysterious benefactor is. The man steps forward from the shadows to reveal himself to be Adolf Hitler. He orders Vollmer to kill Ernst, and Vollmer steels himself enough to complete the task. Hitler congratulates him and asks how it felt; Vollmer replies that he felt immortal. Hitler responds, "Mr. Vollmer, we are immortal!"

Police officers arrive soon after, to arrest Vollmer for conspiracy to murder Nick. Shot while fleeing, Vollmer is astonished by the sight of his own blood. Hitler's shadow appears on the wall behind the dying Vollmer as he gasps out, "There's something very wrong here... Don't you understand that I'm made out of steel?!"

Closing narration
Where will he go next, this phantom from another time, this resurrected ghost of a previous nightmare – Chicago? Los Angeles? Miami, Florida? Vincennes, Indiana? Syracuse, New York? Anyplace, everyplace, where there's hate, where there's prejudice, where there's bigotry. He's alive. He's alive so long as these evils exist. Remember that when he comes to your town. Remember it when you hear his voice speaking out through others. Remember it when you hear a name called, a minority attacked, any blind, unreasoning assault on a people or any human being. He's alive because through these things we keep him alive.

Production
Rod Serling was particularly pleased with the script for "He's Alive", and was dismayed when he learned that a scene set between Hitler's revealing himself and Vollmer's returning to Hitler was cut due to length constraints. This prompted the idea of doing two versions of "He's Alive": a short version for television, and a longer version for theatrical release as a feature film. His extended script added a number of scenes and even a new protagonist, an FBI agent who investigates Vollmer's neo-Nazi movement, but with The Twilight Zone budget already stretched to the breaking point, Serling's proposal was turned down. The scene following Hitler revealing himself was filmed, but the footage has since been lost.

Cast

 * Dennis Hopper as Peter Vollmer
 * Ludwig Donath as Ernst Ganz
 * Curt Conway as Adolf Hitler
 * Paul Mazursky as Frank
 * Howard Caine as Nicholas "Nick" Bloss
 * Barnaby Hale as Stanley
 * Jay Adler as Gibbons
 * Wolfe Barzell as Proprietor
 * Bernard Fein as Heckler
 * Chet Brandenburg as Audience member
 * Paul Bryar as Policeman
 * Bobby Gilbert as Man with cat
 * Buck Harrington as Audience member
 * Ed Haskett as Audience member
 * Robert McCord as Policeman
 * William Meader as Townsman in brawl
 * William H. O'Brien as Audience member
 * Bill Zuckert as Detective

title: He's Alive


text: File:Tree in Chile.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Tree in Chile.jpg


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Talk:Gary Webb

Show the Artwork for the Dark Alliance Series
It was "controversial" and "removed" by the paper. That makes it noteworthy, and it should be included in this Article. His paper might have been censored, but Wikipedia is not, and the absence of this graphic is noticeable, particularly given the circumstances and rumors of his death.

It was not censored or controversial because it was false, it was removed because it was TRUE. It should not also be absent from this Article, and for the same reason.

"The website artwork showed the silhouette of a man smoking a crack pipe superimposed over the CIA seal."

2603:8081:3A00:414A:3C79:55E:B074:23B7 (talk) 22:39, 15 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Not sure if it is copyrighted or not....but if not, it may be worth including.Rja13ww33 (talk) 23:10, 15 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gary Webb


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User:RasViKing

Greetings and Well come in the name of His Imperial Magesty Hallie Selassie I. JAH. Ras Tafari. I-man am, have been and will be Rasta. From creation to everlasting. InI are here for the edification of all peoples without regaurd of melanin levels. A man/woman's skin color is of no importance, other than how it helps we to survive in that place which JAH has placed us. Each of we must do our part along the way. InI come to shine the light of JAH and not to master. I-man was founded in this time as of April 22, 1966. Meer hours after the Grounation. Praise JAH! Itinually. Though I AM Rasta, I was not raised with this conscience, but was raised in another culture. Although I was raised in it I was aware that I did not belong to it. As I reached the age of manhood I asked my parents if I might seek and become what I am, and always had been (though unexpressed.) Of course they say that I may, for how can anyone keep another from being what they are? I know that it has not been easy for them to see I-man move from where I am a man with out opposition and ease to become a Man of reality and struggle for Justice, Truth and Right. Praise JAH itinually onward ever after.

title: User:RasViKing


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Gradual

The gradual (graduale or responsorium graduale) is a certain chant or hymn in liturgical Christian worship. It is practiced in the Catholic Mass, Lutheran Divine Service, Anglican service and other traditions. It gets its name from the Latin gradus (meaning "step") because it was once chanted on the step of the ambo or altar. It is customarily placed after a reading of scripture.

In the Tridentine Mass, it is sung after the reading or chanting of the epistle and before the Alleluia, or, during penitential seasons, before the tract. In the Mass of Paul VI, the gradual is usually replaced with the responsorial psalm. Although the Gradual remains an option in the Mass of Paul VI, its use is extremely rare outside monasteries. The gradual is part of the proper of the Mass.

A gradual can also refer to a book collecting all the musical items of the Mass. The official such book for the Roman Rite is the Roman Gradual (Graduale Romanum). Other such books include the Dominican Gradual.

History
The Gradual, like the Alleluia and Tract, is one of the responsorial chants of the Mass. Responsorial chants derive from early Christian traditions of singing choral refrains called responds between psalm verses. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, it (and the associated Alleluia or Tract) is the oldest of the chants of the Proper of the Mass, and, in contrast to the Introit, Offertory, and Communion, the only one that was not sung to accompany some other liturgical action, historically a procession. Until about the fifth century, it included singing a whole psalm. They were sung in the form of a psalmus responsorius, i.e. the whole text was chanted by a reader appointed for this purpose. For some time before Pope Gregory I, to sing these psalms was a privilege of deacons at Rome, a privilege he suppressed in 595. The people answered each clause or verse with an acclamation. This apparently dates back to the synagogue tradition, and can even be seen in the structure of some Psalms (such as 136|135). Originally, there was a psalm sung between each reading, of which in the fifth century there were three (Prophets, Epistle, and Gospel). When the Old Testament reading was later dropped, the other two psalms became the Gradual and Alleluia, ordinarily sung one after another, until the 1970 Missal restored the three readings on Sundays and Solemnities.

The modern Gradual always consists of two psalm verses, generally (but not always) taken from the same psalm. There are a few Graduals that use a book of scripture other than the Psalms (for example, the verse for the Feast of the Immaculate Conception is from the Book of Judith), or even non-scriptural verses (for example, the first verse in the Requiem Mass).

The Gradual is believed to have been so named because it was sung on the step (Latin: gradus) of the altar, or perhaps because the deacon was mounting the steps of the ambo for the reading or singing of the Gospel. However, early sources use the form gradale ("graded" or "distinguished"), and the Alia Musica (c. 900) uses the term antiphona gradalis for the Introit.

Liturgical use
The Gradual is to be sung after the reading of the Epistle. It is ordinarily followed by the Alleluia or Tract, but in Masses that have more readings than normal, such as during Lent, these may be separated by another reading, or, if there are more than three readings, there is more than one Gradual, and finally the Tract, to separate each reading. In Eastertide, the Gradual is normally omitted, and a second Alleluia is sung in its place, except within the Octave of Easter. In what is now the ordinary form of the Roman Rite, the Responsorial Psalm normally takes the place of the Gradual, and is sung after the first reading, but it may be replaced by the Gradual.

In the Tridentine Mass, the celebrant himself reads the Gradual with the Alleluia, Tract, or Sequence immediately after he has read the Epistle, and at the same place, even if the choir sings it too. There is no rule for the distribution of its parts within the choir. All may be sung straight through by the whole choir, but it is more common to divide the texts so that some parts are sung by one or two cantors. A common arrangement is that the cantors sing the first words of the Gradual (to the asterisk in the choir-books), the choir continues, and the cantors sing the verse. Normally it is all sung to plainsong.

In other churches and rites, there are fragments of the psalms once sung between the lessons that correspond to the Roman Gradual. Their placement and structure depend strongly on how many readings there are. In the Byzantine Rite the reader of the epistle first chants "the Psalm of David" and then the "Prokeimenon of the Apostle", both short fragments of psalms. The Armenian Rite, which has kept the older arrangement of three lessons, includes between each a fragment called the Saghmos Jashu (Psalm of dinnertime) and the Mesedi (mesodion), again a verse or two from a psalm. The Nestorians use three verses of psalms each followed by three Alleluias (this group is called Zumara) after the Epistle. The present Ambrosian Rite sometimes has a Prophecy before the Epistle, in which case there follows the Psalmellus, two or three verses from a psalm, which corresponds to the Gradual. The Mozarabic Rite has three lessons, with a psalm (Psallendo) sung between the first two. Among Protestant churches, Lutherans sing a Gradual either between the Old Testament and the Epistle or the Epistle and the Gospel readings during the Divine Service.

Musical form and style

The usual form of the Gradual is a single respond with a solo verse, although a final repetition of the respond was found up to the Renaissance and is still permitted by the Liber usualis.

Graduals are among the most florid and melismatic of all Gregorian chants; Clamaverunt iusti, for example, has melismas with up to 66 notes. Graduals as a group are also notable for melismas that stress one or two pitches, both through repeated notes and repercussive neumes. Both the verse and the respond tend to be similar in style, excepting a tendency for the verse to have a higher tessitura.

Like Tracts, most Graduals show clear signs of centonization, a process of composition in which an extended vocabulary of stock musical phrases are woven together. Some phrases are only used for incipits, some only for cadences, and some only in the middle of a musical line. The Gregorian Graduals can be organized into musical families that share common musical phrases. Although nearly half of the Gregorian Graduals belong to a family of related chants in the fifth mode, the most famous family of Graduals are those of the second mode, commonly called the Iustus ut palma group after one representative chant. The Graduals of the Old Roman chant fall similarly into centonization families, including a family corresponding to the Iustus ut palma group.

Polyphonic settings
Graduals were among the parts of the Mass most frequently composed as organa, including both the St. Martial School and the Notre Dame School. Ordinarily the parts that were sung by the soloist (the beginning of the respond and the verse) are the only parts so set, while the choral parts continued to be performed in plainsong. In 1198, Odo de Sully, Bishop of Paris, authorized polyphonic performances of Graduals, including Pérotin's famous four-part organa, Sederunt principes for St. Stephen's Day and Viderunt omnes for Christmas.

Book
The term "Gradual" (or Graduale) also refers to certain books compiling the musical items of the Mass. A Gradual is generally distinguished from the Missal by omitting the spoken items, and including the music for the sung parts. It includes both the Ordinary and Proper, as opposed to the Kyrial, which includes only the Ordinary, and the Cantatory, which includes only the responsorial chants.

Originally the book was called an antiphonale missarum ("Antiphonal of the Mass"). Graduals, like the later Cantatory, may have originally included only the responsorial items, the Gradual, Alleluia and Tract.

title: Gradual


text:
Frank Olivo

Frank J. Olivo was alderman of the 13th ward of the City of Chicago.

Alderman career
As Alderman of the 13th ward, Olivo co-founded the Graffiti Removal Program designed to combat crime, and the Real Estate Anti-Solicitation Program to protect the value of homes. Olivo serves on seven committees: Aviation; Budget and Government Operations; Committees, Rules, and Ethics; Finance; License and Consumer Protection; Traffic Control and Safety, and Zoning.

Olivo was the only alderman to report receiving gifts valued at more than $500 in 2006 on their required annual ethics disclosures. A die-hard White Sox fan, Olivo reported receiving: 68 Sox tickets valued at $2,556 and 22 "package passes" worth $308; 13 Chicago Bulls tickets valued at $1,315; $420 worth of St. Louis Cardinals tickets; $114 worth of Milwaukee Brewers tickets and 26 Chicago Cubs tickets and four package passes valued at $1,751.

Olivo co-sponsored a proposed amendment (PO2007-7206) to the Municipal Code of Chicago prohibiting the sale or possession of live chickens in residential districts in Chicago, which was introduced to the Chicago City Council and referred to the City Council's Committee on Health on September 27, 2007.

In 2008 Olivo was found to be one of seven Chicago aldermen who between them got ten of their children good-paying summer jobs with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago.

Professional career
Olivo served as a member of the Secretary of State's Motor Vehicle Review Board, a paid position on a board that mediates disputes between car dealers and manufacturers.

title: Frank Olivo


text:
Talk:Acesulfame potassium

Sugar Alcohol Similiar?
Would this compound be similar to sugar alcohols in which it has a low impact on blood sugar like sucralose like splenda? I notice this is in many different types of food and drink, so I would appreciate any answers on this. --Cyberman 21:26, August 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * All of the "non-nutritive" sweeteners (saccharine, aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame, cyclamate, etc...) are many times sweeter than sugar, and so are used in tiny quantities that do not significantly alter blood chemistry.

 * The sugar alcohols are somewhat of a special case, because they are no sweeter than sugar (most are slightly less sweet than sugar) and so they are used in similar quantities as sugar. However, unlike sugar, the sugar alcohols are metabolized by means that do not produce blood glucose, and so are useful to diabetics.

 * So the answer to your question is yes, "artificial" sweeteners and sugar alcohols are alike in that neither elevates blood glucose, but for rather different reasons. Shimmin 19:05, August 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, sugar-alcohols (unlike aspartame [Equal], acesulfame potassium [Sweet'N Low] , and sucralose [Splenda] ) are caloric... They have a lower glycemic index than sucrose (table sugar), but are 'not' calorie free, nor can they be completely subtracted from carbs... See this article for more info about "net carbs" and the diferences between various sugar alcohols... --Wulf 07:01, 21 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Not only are the glycmeic indices lower, but sugar alcohols are not completely digested, such that each gram consumed does not equate to a gram digested. A decent rule of thumb for sugar alcohols is to divide by 2, although this probably underestimates their contribution somewhat because of the popularity of highly caloric malitols and sorbitol. I cannot find any evidence that artificial sweeteners based off carbohydrates increase blood plasma glucose levels at all or contribute more than an extremely marginal number of calories. I am fairly certain that, as a petroleum derivative, saccharine is not digested at all, and I would expect neither are cyclamates or glycerin. Studies indicate polydextrose also is not digested at all. Eebster the Great (talk) 02:03, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * As a dipeptide, aspartame is just as metabolizable and has just as many calories as any protein (4 kcal/gram) but is used in such small amounts that the caloric contribution is negligible. 96.35.172.222 (talk) 21:21, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Kraft Foods and sodium ferulate
Is there any proof of this? I can't find any. Link?

 * Yep -- It's patent 5,336,513. Jason 18:51, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

trident
I'm pretty sure Trident has switched to Xylitol. But perhaps it's just in their regular stick gum.

 * Most gums have little Xylitol, but hype it for its tooth decay prevention properties. Experts have said the amount of xylitol in most gums is much lower than what is suggested for tooth decay prevention. Gums and candies that contain sugar alcohols like xylitol often contain artificial sweeteners like acesulfame potassium and sucralose, too. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.133.103.221 (talk) 02:42, 31 March 2007 (UTC).

=
Why does this page say that Acesulfame Potassium is 100-200 times sweeter than sugar and half as sweet as aspartame whereas the aspartame page states that aspartame is only 160 times as sweet as sugar?

=
Why is acesulfame k never mentioned anywhere on food product labels except in the ingredients section? There also seems to be no mention of acesulfame k anywhere in the popular media. Unlike other artificial sweeteners, such as saccarine, marketers seem to have sneaked acesulfame k into all sorts of food products, even into many so-called "health foods," without promoting the sweetener's presence on the promotional sections of the label. Since there are doubts about acesulfame k's claimed safety, one gets the idea that the public is serving as guinea pigs in lieu of exhaustive, pre-marketing safety testing.

 * Worse is that most products that contain acesulfame K prominently declare that they are "sweetened with Splenda," capitalizing on Splenda's benign image, while lowering production costs. However, members of the public are not serving as guinea pigs: they will quietly suffer under whatever hidden effects acesulfame K has, and be treated for various idiopathic diseases like cancer. The long term disadvatages of this sweetener (which likely emerge only in older non-productive people) are probably less important to the FDA than the immediate benefit of reduced cost per unit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.76.76.25 (talk) 18:22, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * This is absurd. Not only is there almost no legitimate evidence of acesulfame K causing any health defects in anything (and exactly zero studies performed on humans), the amount of acesulfame K is almost always less than the amount of aspartame or sorbitol. Since acesulfame K is also less sweet than either, it does not greatly reduce production costs; rather, it offsets somewhat the aftertastes of the other sweeteners and lengthens shelf-lives somewhat since its sweetness does not decay as quickly as aspartame's or sorbitol's. While it may be true that aspartame, saccharin, and especially cyclamates have an inordinate amount of attention compared to acesulfame K, this is on the part of the FDA, not those damn, scheming health food corporations. But regardless, look, this isn't nicotine or tar people are putting in your diet soda; it's a sweetener the extent of whose "health concerns" seems to be the harmless release of insulin in lab rats and a disputed and apocryphal "citation needed" WP claim that it was linked to tumors in lab rats fed the equivalent of hundreds of cans of diet soda daily and denied by other similar studies. Hell, sugar water also causes cancer in lab rats; what's the difference? The whole debate is overblown. Eebster the Great (talk) 02:19, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Oh, and I forgot the best part. Blends of acesulfame K use up to 40% less total sweetener than individual sweeteners like sorbitol and aspartame. So it is literally decreasing any purported carcinogenic properties of the food. Eebster the Great (talk) 02:25, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Sweetness profiles are not all the same. Acesulfame K has a quicker, more intense onset and higher peak sweetness, but a quicker decline.  Aspartame and sucralose sweeten well and long but not so intensely.  A blend of the two, such as in a soft drink, provides both the quick sweetness "hit" from the ace k and the staying power of the aspartame and/or sucralose.  96.35.172.222 (talk) 21:29, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Structure
Since acesulfame potassium is the potassium salt of acesulfame, shouldn't the structure be shown as a potassium cation and a large organic anion, rather than with a K-N covalent bond, as the article currently does? Compare, for example. Chuck 20:11, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Objection addressed, new structure uploaded. --Shaddack 01:23, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Shouldn't the name be Potassium Acesulfame, i.e. cation first? The name appears in other media backwards as well, but I don't understand why.KrJnX (talk) 10:02, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Isn't a concession for the layperson using the encyclopedia? It seems like it. It must appear so in the ingredient list. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.187.132.162 (talk) 09:49, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

Low potassium diet
What is the potassium amount per serving in sugar free Jello - can this sweetener be used in a low potassium diet as for kidney failure? Herta Dalthorp,Nov 28th 2005.
 * I don't know, but you really aren't supposed to ask questions that are unrelated to the actual article itself here... Instead, that would be a good question to ask at Yahoo! Answers (http://answers.yahoo.com). --Wulf 07:05, 21 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Logically (since acesulfame is so much more massive than potassium), and according to this reference: http://ific.org/publications/brochures/acekbroch.cfm, acesulfame potassium contains very little potassium; apparently just 10 mg per "packet", although I don't know how big the packets referred to are. I cannot imagine 10 mg K+ having any impact on, well, anything, but obviously WP is still not the best source to consult. Eebster the Great (talk) 02:30, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

Fatuous reference to sweetener industry approval
Hardly an unbiased source of information, I'd think, re the reference at the very end of the article. Is that an advertisement injection?

Starting materials of manufacture affect safety?
I don't understand the point of this sentence:

 * IFIC glosses over the manufacture of acesulfame potassium, stating it is made from acetoacetic acid, while ignoring its other reactants, possibly sulfuric acid and ammonia.

What does this have to do with anything? It reminds me of Splenda's retarded slogan, "It's made from sugar so it tastes like sugar.". Puh-leez. —Keenan Pepper 23:07, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Well, there could very well be impurities. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.187.132.162 (talk) 09:50, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

Possible Health Issues
Acesufame potassium is suspected as cause of allergic reactions in some people. It is as active ingredient in many enriched waters and mixes for water like Crystal Light, Vita Rain (sold under the Kirkland Brand from Costco) and some Sobe drinks. It can trigger reactions which can include hives (Urticaria) or other allergic reactions. There have been few clinical trials on humans to date, but lab testing on animals have shown some problems including tumors to the lungs.

[Acesulfame potassium]http://ific.org/publications/brochures/acekbroch.cfm is not metabolized or stored in the body. After it is consumed, it is quickly absorbed by the body and then rapidly excreted unchanged.

--64.122.164.5 (talk) 20:07, 28 April 2008 (UTC)Geoff Williams

Whould anyone please kindly provide the following information here....
The specification of the chemical in the Chinese standard of Q/62170131-X.4 - 2008 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.78.208.107 (talk) 10:25, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

On what bases, are those specifications set ???
Are there any published scientific reports or relative references attached to those specifications in the following?

http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/additives/details.html?d-3586470-o=2&id=104&d-3586470-s=5&print=true —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.78.208.107 (talk) 12:06, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

Acesulfame is a different chemical than the one of this topic....
--222.67.205.17 (talk) 09:56, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
 * http://product.cheminfo.gov.cn/K0111/K01110701.htm
 * http://search.ccinfoweb.ccohs.ca/ccohs/jsp/search/search.jsp?QueryText=33665-90-6&Search.x=33&Search.y=9&Search=Search&MaxDocs=500&ResultStart=1&SortSpec=Score+desc&hTab=7&vTab=1&hideTabs=F&Coll=cid
 * http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/ProxyServlet?objectHandle=DBMaint&actionHandle=default&nextPage=jsp/chemidheavy/ResultScreen.jsp&ROW_NUM=0&TXTSUPERLISTID=033665906
 * http://www.nicnas.gov.au/Industry/AICS/ViewChemical.asp?SingleHit=1&Chemical_Id=18078&docVer=

Reference 8
Reference 8 is not in proper form. There is no way to identify this source. I propose to delete the sentence it supports unless the reference can be fixed. 96.35.172.222 (talk) 21:35, 26 July 2010 (UTC)
 * The source was easily identified by dropping the title into a search engine. Upon editing the reference, more than sufficient identifying information was present, but the wrong template was in use.Novangelis (talk) 03:15, 27 July 2010 (UTC)

Pronunciation?
I've been searching the information super highway for this for abt 10 mins and havent found it in useable form. That would exclude the cryptic International Phonetic Standard or whatever. 24.0.113.90 (talk) 11:10, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Never mind: ay-see-SUHL-faym 24.0.113.90 (talk) 11:30, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

If they want it to be pronounced ay-see-SUHL-faym then it should be spelled ayseesulfaym or something consistent with the pronunciation. Given the spelling Acesulfame it should be pronounced a-ses-ul-fame. Sam Tomato (talk) 06:02, 16 January 2019 (UTC)

Synthesis or supplement?
I have reverted the addition of a reference (see below) which does not discuss acesulfame (although it is mentioned once, it was nowhere a topic of discussion) as synthesis. The existing reference was a letter written in response to the added source, however the article text had existed without the supplemental reference which offers no content specific content which could be classified as a criticism of acesulfame. I have deleted it (part of the WP:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle) and await additional opinions. There has be some.

Added reference:

Letter: (also includes already cited letter by the journal article's author)

not signed by: Novangelis

Well, obviously ref Karstadt does not "criticize acesulfame" but "criticizes the NTP methodology" of a shorter test on transgenic mice vs. the full length study by Soffritti. (cited above, in his study of aspartame) This NTP short test with transgenic mice has found no hints of carcinogenicity (of aspartame!), while the full length results of Soffritti found carcinogenic potential (in aspartame!) So Karstadt finds concerns supported for insufficient sensitivity of the NTP method from this comparison. Consequently submitted a request for further testing of acesulfame with a full length 2 year test. Suffritti responded to this. The full length study of Suffritti (even if on a different substance, namely aspartame!), which turned out to be the more sensitive method has been cited by Karstadt in comparison to the NTP transgenic mice "short test". The whole discussion sofar is about the NTP test method, not acesulfame, but Karstadt proposes to use the long test as by Soffritti on acesulfame, because it is more sensitive. I have included Soffritti as supplemental ref to see what Karstadt is talking about.(also named as supplemental reading to Karstadt by pubmed central, if you follow the pmc link of ref Karstadt.) 70.137.130.42 (talk) 06:27, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

Discovery.
I find the anecdote about the accidental discovery of Ace-K suspicious, mainly because it is identical to the purported discovery of Aspartame. Also, these sorts of stories of scientific serendipity are usually apocryphal. In other words, too finger-licking-good to be true.

From Acesulfame potassium page: "After accidentally dipping his fingers into the chemicals that he was working with, Clauss licked them to pick up a piece of paper." From Aspartame page: "[Schlatter] accidentally discovered its sweet taste when he licked his finger, which had become contaminated with aspartame, to lift up a piece of paper."

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.22.241.190 (talk) 02:47, 17 August 2012 (UTC)

 * The history of artificial sweetener discovery is littered with fairly well-documented, not apocryphal, anecdotes of serendipity. The nature of the compounds lends themselves to fortuitous accidents. That said, I agree that this is too similar. I'll look into it.Novangelis (talk) 03:30, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm going to dig deeper, but it looks like it is true. Also, it was a slightly different compound and acesulfame was developed from that.Novangelis (talk) 03:42, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Just to clarify what is being said here, the link Novagelis provides shows that the anecdote about licking of a piece of paper is actually associated with the discovery of Aspartame. Cshay (talk) 09:14, 10 November 2012 (UTC)

Personally, I'd like to know what they were researching. The structure is similar to a highly-modified barbituate in not-entirely-superficial ways; was it anesthetics research? --John Moser (talk) 16:46, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

Carcinogenicity in male mice
The text reads: "However, a similar study conducted with p53 haploinsufficient mice showed signs of carcinogenicity in males but not females.[13]"

Here is Reference 13: [13] National Toxicology Program (2005). "Toxicity Studies of Acesulfame Potassium (CAS No. 55589-62-3) in FVB/N-TgN(v-Ha-ras)Led (Tg.AC) Hemizygous Mice and Carcinogenicity Studies of Acesulfame Potassium in B6.129-Trp53tm1Brd (N5) Haploinsufficient Mice (Feed Studies)" (PDF). Genetically Modified Model Report (National Institutes of Health) 2005 (NTP GMM-2): 1–113. . NIH Publication No. 06-4460.

The study concludes that: “Under the conditions of this 9-month feed study, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of acesulfame potassium in male or female p53 haploinsufficient mice exposed to 0.3%, 1%, or 3%.”, i.e., it does not state that it “showed signs of carcinogenicity in males”. I suggest the corresponding sentence should be removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Carlos-alberto-teixeira (talk • contribs) 15:57, 2 December 2014 (UTC)

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Acetoacetamide
To note, I removed the link from the text "acetoacetamide" that linked to wikipedia:Acetamide; these are two separate chemical compounds. Unfortunately there is not yet a page for the compound referenced here (acetoacetamide.) morsontologica (talk) 02:51, 9 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acesulfame potassium


text:
Lambda Scorpii

Lambda Scorpii is a triple star system and the second-brightest object in the constellation of Scorpius. It is formally named Shaula; Lambda Scorpii is its Bayer designation, which is Latinised from λ Scorpii and abbreviated Lambda Sco or λ Sco. With an apparent visual magnitude of 1.62, it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky.

Nomenclature
λ Scorpii (Latinised to Lambda Scorpii) is the star system's Bayer designation.

It bore the traditional name Shaula, which comes from the Arabic الشولاء al-šawlā´ meaning 'the raised [tail]', as it is found in the tail of Scorpius, the scorpion. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN, which included Shaula for the star λ Scorpii Aa.

In Indian Astronomy it is called MulA Nakshathram. Mūla ("root") (Devanagari मूल/मूळ) (Tamil: மூலம்) is the 19th nakshatra or "lunar mansion" in Vedic astrology. The symbol of Mula is a bunch of roots tied together (reticulated roots) or an 'elephant goad' (ankusha).

In Chinese, 尾宿 (Wěi Xiù), meaning Tail, refers to an asterism consisting of λ Scorpii, ε Scorpii, ζ1 Scorpii, ζ2 Scorpii, η Scorpii, θ Scorpii, ι1 Scorpii, ι2 Scorpii, κ Scorpii, μ1 Scorpii, and υ Scorpii. Consequently, the Chinese name for λ Scorpii itself is 尾宿八 (Wěi Xiù bā), "the Eighth Star of Tail".

Together with υ Scorpii (Lesath), Shaula is listed in the Babylonian compendium MUL.APIN as dSharur4 u dShargaz, meaning "Sharur and Shargaz".

In Coptic, they were called Minamref.

The indigenous Boorong people of northwestern Victoria (Australia) named it (together with Upsilon Scorpii) Karik Karik, "the Falcons".

Properties
Lambda Scorpii is located some 570 light-years away from the Sun.

Spectroscopic and interferometric observations have shown that it is actually a triple star system consisting of two B-type stars and a pre-main-sequence star. The primary star is a Beta Cephei variable star with rapid brightness changes of about a hundredth of a magnitude. The pre-main-sequence star has an orbital period of 6 days and the B companion has a period of 1053 days. The three stars lie in the same orbital plane, strongly suggesting that they were formed at the same time. The masses of the primary, pre-main-sequence star and the B companion are 14.5, 2.0 and 10.6 solar masses, respectively. The age of the system is estimated to be in the range 10–13 million years.

A 15th-magnitude star has a separation of 42 arcseconds, whereas a 12th-magnitude star is 95 arcseconds away. It is not known whether or not these components are physically associated with Lambda Scorpii. If they both were, the first would have a projected linear separation of approximately 7,500 astronomical units (AU) and the second approximately 17,000 AU (0.27 light-years) away. Gaia Data Release 3 reports that the fainter of these two stars is a little larger and brighter than the sun and about 420 light years away, while the brighter star is a luminous background object.

In culture
Shaula appears on the flag of Brazil, symbolizing the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

USS Shaula (AK-118) was a U.S. Navy Crater-class cargo ship named after the star.

title: Lambda Scorpii


text:
Imputation (statistics)

In statistics, imputation is the process of replacing missing data with substituted values. When substituting for a data point, it is known as "unit imputation"; when substituting for a component of a data point, it is known as "item imputation". There are three main problems that missing data causes: missing data can introduce a substantial amount of bias, make the handling and analysis of the data more arduous, and create reductions in efficiency. Because missing data can create problems for analyzing data, imputation is seen as a way to avoid pitfalls involved with listwise deletion of cases that have missing values. That is to say, when one or more values are missing for a case, most statistical packages default to discarding any case that has a missing value, which may introduce bias or affect the representativeness of the results. Imputation preserves all cases by replacing missing data with an estimated value based on other available information. Once all missing values have been imputed, the data set can then be analysed using standard techniques for complete data. There have been many theories embraced by scientists to account for missing data but the majority of them introduce bias. A few of the well known attempts to deal with missing data include: hot deck and cold deck imputation; listwise and pairwise deletion; mean imputation; non-negative matrix factorization; regression imputation; last observation carried forward; stochastic imputation; and multiple imputation.

Listwise (complete case) deletion
By far, the most common means of dealing with missing data is listwise deletion (also known as complete case), which is when all cases with a missing value are deleted. If the data are missing completely at random, then listwise deletion does not add any bias, but it does decrease the power of the analysis by decreasing the effective sample size. For example, if 1000 cases are collected but 80 have missing values, the effective sample size after listwise deletion is 920. If the cases are not missing completely at random, then listwise deletion will introduce bias because the sub-sample of cases represented by the missing data are not representative of the original sample (and if the original sample was itself a representative sample of a population, the complete cases are not representative of that population either). While listwise deletion is unbiased when the missing data is missing completely at random, this is rarely the case in actuality.

Pairwise deletion (or "available case analysis") involves deleting a case when it is missing a variable required for a particular analysis, but including that case in analyses for which all required variables are present. When pairwise deletion is used, the total N for analysis will not be consistent across parameter estimations. Because of the incomplete N values at some points in time, while still maintaining complete case comparison for other parameters, pairwise deletion can introduce impossible mathematical situations such as correlations that are over 100%.

The one advantage complete case deletion has over other methods is that it is straightforward and easy to implement. This is a large reason why complete case is the most popular method of handling missing data in spite of the many disadvantages it has.

Hot-deck
A once-common method of imputation was hot-deck imputation where a missing value was imputed from a randomly selected similar record. The term "hot deck" dates back to the storage of data on punched cards, and indicates that the information donors come from the same dataset as the recipients. The stack of cards was "hot" because it was currently being processed.

One form of hot-deck imputation is called "last observation carried forward" (or LOCF for short), which involves sorting a dataset according to any of a number of variables, thus creating an ordered dataset. The technique then finds the first missing value and uses the cell value immediately prior to the data that are missing to impute the missing value. The process is repeated for the next cell with a missing value until all missing values have been imputed. In the common scenario in which the cases are repeated measurements of a variable for a person or other entity, this represents the belief that if a measurement is missing, the best guess is that it hasn't changed from the last time it was measured. This method is known to increase risk of increasing bias and potentially false conclusions. For this reason LOCF is not recommended for use.

Cold-deck
Cold-deck imputation, by contrast, selects donors from another dataset. Due to advances in computer power, more sophisticated methods of imputation have generally superseded the original random and sorted hot deck imputation techniques. It is a method of replacing with response values of similar items in past surveys. It is available in surveys that measure time intervals.

Mean substitution
Another imputation technique involves replacing any missing value with the mean of that variable for all other cases, which has the benefit of not changing the sample mean for that variable. However, mean imputation attenuates any correlations involving the variable(s) that are imputed. This is because, in cases with imputation, there is guaranteed to be no relationship between the imputed variable and any other measured variables. Thus, mean imputation has some attractive properties for univariate analysis but becomes problematic for multivariate analysis.

Mean imputation can be carried out within classes (i.e. categories such as gender), and can be expressed as $$\hat{y}_i = \bar{y}_h$$ where $$\hat{y}_i $$ is the imputed value for record $$i$$ and $$\bar{y}_h$$ is the sample mean of respondent data within some class $$h$$. This is a special case of generalized regression imputation:

$$ \hat{y}_{mi} = b_{r0} + \sum_j b_{rj} z_{mij} + \hat{e}_{mi} $$

Here the values $$b_{r0}, b_{rj}$$ are estimated from regressing $$y$$ on $$x$$ in non-imputed data, $$z$$ is a dummy variable for class membership, and data are split into respondent ($$r$$) and missing ($$m$$).

Non-negative matrix factorization
Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) can take missing data while minimizing its cost function, rather than treating these missing data as zeros that could introduce biases. This makes it a mathematically proven method for data imputation. NMF can ignore missing data in the cost function, and the impact from missing data can be as small as a second order effect.

Regression
Regression imputation has the opposite problem of mean imputation. A regression model is estimated to predict observed values of a variable based on other variables, and that model is then used to impute values in cases where the value of that variable is missing. In other words, available information for complete and incomplete cases is used to predict the value of a specific variable. Fitted values from the regression model are then used to impute the missing values. The problem is that the imputed data do not have an error term included in their estimation, thus the estimates fit perfectly along the regression line without any residual variance. This causes relationships to be over identified and suggest greater precision in the imputed values than is warranted. The regression model predicts the most likely value of missing data but does not supply uncertainty about that value.

Stochastic regression was a fairly successful attempt to correct the lack of an error term in regression imputation by adding the average regression variance to the regression imputations to introduce error. Stochastic regression shows much less bias than the above-mentioned techniques, but it still missed one thing – if data are imputed then intuitively one would think that more noise should be introduced to the problem than simple residual variance.

Multiple imputation
In order to deal with the problem of increased noise due to imputation, Rubin (1987) developed a method for averaging the outcomes across multiple imputed data sets to account for this. All multiple imputation methods follow three steps.
 * 1) Imputation – Similar to single imputation, missing values are imputed. However, the imputed values are drawn m times from a distribution rather than just once. At the end of this step, there should be m completed datasets.
 * 2) Analysis – Each of the m datasets is analyzed. At the end of this step there should be m analyses.
 * 3) Pooling – The m results are consolidated into one result by calculating the mean, variance, and confidence interval of the variable of concern  or by combining simulations from each separate model.

Multiple imputation can be used in cases where the data are missing completely at random, missing at random, and missing not at random, though it can be biased in the latter case. One approach is multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE), also known as "fully conditional specification" and "sequential regression multiple imputation." MICE is designed for missing at random data, though there is simulation evidence to suggest that with a sufficient number of auxiliary variables it can also work on data that are missing not at random. However, MICE can suffer from performance problems when the number of observation is large and the data have complex features, such as nonlinearities and high dimensionality.

More recent approaches to multiple imputation use machine learning techniques to improve its performance. MIDAS (Multiple Imputation with Denoising Autoencoders), for instance, uses denoising autoencoders, a type of unsupervised neural network, to learn fine-grained latent representations of the observed data. MIDAS has been shown to provide accuracy and efficiency advantages over traditional multiple imputation strategies.

As alluded in the previous section, single imputation does not take into account the uncertainty in the imputations. After imputation, the data is treated as if they were the actual real values in single imputation. The negligence of uncertainty in the imputation can lead to overly precise results and errors in any conclusions drawn. By imputing multiple times, multiple imputation accounts for the uncertainty and range of values that the true value could have taken. As expected, the combination of both uncertainty estimation and deep learning for imputation is among the best strategies and has been used to model heterogeneous drug discovery data.

Additionally, while single imputation and complete case are easier to implement, multiple imputation is not very difficult to implement. There are a wide range of statistical packages in different statistical software that readily performs multiple imputation. For example, the MICE package allows users in R to perform multiple imputation using the MICE method. MIDAS can be implemented in R with the rMIDAS package and in Python with the MIDASpy package.

title: Imputation (statistics)


text:
User talk:RasViKing

Welcome!

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title: User talk:RasViKing


text:
Pippinids

The Pippinids and the Arnulfings were two Frankish aristocratic families from Austrasia during the Merovingian period. They dominated the office of mayor of the palace after 687 and eventually supplanted the Merovingians as kings in 751, founding the Carolingian dynasty.

The names "Pippinid" and "Arnulfing" are modern conventions, reflecting the families' descent from two contemporaries, Arnulf of Metz (died c. 640) and Pippin of Landen (died 640). The recurrence of the leading name Pippin in the family led the anonymous author of the Annals of Metz (c. 805) to call the family Pippinios, the earliest known designation for the family. In a strict sense, the Pippinids are the descendants of Pippin of Landen and the Arnulfings those of Arnulf of Metz. These groups only overlap via the marriage of Arnulf's son Ansegisel and Pippin's daughter Begga and their son, Pippin of Herstal and his descendants.

Since the late eighth century, the rise of the family has been depicted as the defining feature of the late Merovingian period, with the kings portrayed as rois fainéants ("do-nothing kings"), puppets of their mayors. This theme has been continued in modern historiography. Some have even suggested that the Pippinids and Arnulfings followed a "long-term strategy" to seize power. Following his victory at the Battle of Tertry in 687, Pippin of Herstal extended his influence into Neustria. His death in 714 was followed by years of civil war between his successors. By 718, his younger son Charles Martel had taken control of both Austrasia and Neustria. His descendants are the Carolingians proper, although some historians apply this label as far back as the marriage of Ansegisel and Begga. The descendants of Charles's brother, Childebrand, on the other hand, are known as the Nibelungids.

title: Pippinids


text:
River Amber

The River Amber is a left bank tributary of the River Derwent in Derbyshire, England. It gives its name to the local government district and borough of Amber Valley.

The name Amber is a pre-Celtic word with uncertain meaning.

Course
Its source is close to the village of Ashover, near Clay Cross, and it flows southwards through Ogston Reservoir to Pentrich then turns westwards through Wingfield Park to join the River Derwent at Ambergate.

Like many such rivers flowing from the Derbyshire moors, it powered a number of water mills, many of them for crushing locally mined and quarried minerals, such as limestone.

The river valley also provided a route for the Cromford Canal, at the southern end as far as Butterley Tunnel, and the North Midland Railway, to travel northwards until it passed under Clay Cross via the Clay Cross Tunnel, where it entered the valley of the River Rother and then north to Chesterfield.

title: River Amber


text:
User talk:Luspari

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Copyright violation in Image:Windows Neptune Desktop.jpg
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Image:Windows Neptune Desktop.jpg listed for deletion
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Orphaned non-free media (Image:Windows Neptune Desktop.jpg)
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AfD nomination of Peenman Enterprises
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Perhaps an alternate solution would be to clean up the article so that it talks about the fictitious company and lists the fake advertisements, rather than quoting them in their entirety? -- Tckma (talk) 14:27, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Luspari


text: File:Thebeginningstagesofcover.jpg

title: File:Thebeginningstagesofcover.jpg


text: User talk:81.155.223.142

title: User talk:81.155.223.142


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Poseidon bubble

The Poseidon bubble was a stock market bubble in which the price of Australian mining shares soared in late 1969, then crashed in early 1970. It was triggered by the discovery by Poseidon Nickel of the early indications of a promising nickel deposit in September 1969.

In the late 1960s, nickel was in high demand due to the Vietnam War, but there was a shortage of supply due to industrial action against the major Canadian supplier Inco. These factors pushed the price of nickel to record levels, peaking at around £7,000/ton (£113,000 in 2018 adjusted for inflation) on the London market early in November 1969. In September 1969, the mineral exploration company Poseidon NL made a major nickel discovery at Mount Windarra 22 km northwest of Laverton, Western Australia. In early September its shares, which had been trading at $0.80, began rising on insider trading (which was not illegal at the time). On 1 October, Poseidon announced that drilling had struck 40 metres of ore averaging 3.56% nickel and the share price immediately rose until Poseidon shares were trading at $12.30. After that, very little further information came to light but the price continued to climb on speculation. At one point, a UK broker suggested a value of up to $382 a share.

The price of Poseidon shares quickly became too high for many investors, so some turned to stocks in other companies exploring near Windarra, and eventually other nickel mining stocks in general. As the price of mining shares grew, new companies were listed by promoters hoping to cash in. From October to December 1969 the ASX All Mining index rose by 44%. Mining stocks peaked in January 1970, then immediately crashed. Poseidon shares peaked at an intraday high of $280 in February 1970, and fell rapidly thereafter.

By the time Poseidon actually started producing nickel, the price of nickel had fallen. Also, the nickel ore was of a lower grade than originally thought and extraction costs were higher. Profits from the mine were not sufficient to keep Poseidon afloat and it went into receivership in 1974. The company was delisted from the stock exchange in 1976. Western Mining then took over management of the mine, operating it until 1991. Mining ceased at Mount Windarra in 1989, and at South Windarra in 1991. Mount Windarra produced 5.3 million tonnes of ore grading 1.5% nickel during the life of the mine.

In 1974, the Rae Committee handed down its report on the Poseidon bubble, which documented numerous cases of improper trade practices. It recommended a number of changes to the regulation of stock markets, which ultimately led to Australia's national companies and securities legislation.

Poseidon Nickel entered receivership in September 1976, unable to meet its loan repayments but did survive its time in receivership and was relisted on the Australian stock market in December 1978. Poseidon eventually merged with Robert Champion de Crespigny-led Normandy Resources in 1991, with Poseidon being delisted on 8 May 1991 and the name company taking the name of Normandy Poseidon Limited.

title: Poseidon bubble


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Talk:Battle of Gettysburg order of battle: Confederate

Fitzhugh Lee
Not my usual area of interest, but the above-named gentleman is a red link on his death date page (April 28) and seems to be mentioned at least once - maybe three times?? - in the cavalry listing of this article. Maybe some war (or genealogy) expert can sort them out? Robin Patterson 23:08, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

There are 3 Lee's in the Confederate OB page: Robert E Lee, Fitzhugh Lee [R.E.L.'s nephew], and WHF "Rooney" Lee [R.E.L.'s son], the latter 2 cavalry generals.

 * big_hal 15:23, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Jones' Brigade
Hal,

Please note that the 35th Battalion, Virginia Cavalry of Grumble Jones' brigade was indeed present at Gettysburg, attached temporarily to Jubal Early's division. They had joined the division at Greencastle, PA during the march northward, and served as scouts and a cavalry screen during Early's expedition to the Susquehanna River. During Gettysburg, they operated on the flanks, as well as occasional forays on the battlefield proper. They were present on the Day 1 field. See Frank Myers' classic book, The Comanches, for details.

Scott Mingus

 * I created this page from the ORs and also Eicher's work. The latter lists the 35th Btn as not there. If you would like to edit the table in the appropriate place (not sure where they were attached in Early's div), go ahead. Hal Jespersen 17:40, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

I would also suggest the regimental history of the 35th written by John Divine. It has been said that a prior skirmish between one of the 35th's members and a member of Union Company from Loudoun Cnty VA were actually the first to engage in the Battle. I don't know if anyone is aware but many of the members of the 35th in B co were from Loudoun Cnty and thier rivals were Union Cavalrymen called "Loudoun Rangers". The 35th has a rather colorful history, I think my favorite story is at the Battle of Brandy Station where they overran a New Jersey Battery of Artillery to supporr the 7th and 9th Virginia Battalions. Companies from the 35th were also present during other events in the Gettysburg campaign. The Battles in Hanover Junction, and the Bridge Burning in Wrightsville (York County)/Columbia (Lancaster County) actually saw the watermark of the Confederacy stretch further north then what was first thought. (From a 35th Virginia Cavalry re-enactor in absentia 35th Battlion Virginia Cavalry Co A) User:BlueTemplar13 07:17, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as DAB. --dashiellx (talk) 18:11, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Strength missing
Nice to have an OOB, but it doesnt helps much when the strength of the units is missing. --109.91.78.75 (talk) 12:36, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I left out the strength of the units on purpose, because the order of battle is too cluttered otherwise. Furthermore should Battle Orders not show the strength, but mainly reflect the organization of the armies. --Kitt1987 (talk) 20:52, 30 March 2011 (UTC)