text:
Talk:Patton Oswalt

Serious Problems
Now that someone already started it: Does he always play guys who have SERIOUS problems(refering to staying with his mother for 30 years,for the love of Josh!).New Babylon

Picture
Can whoever replaced the picture on here put it back, that one was much better than the current.

The Morgan Murphy link on the page connects to the wrong Morgan Murphy. Morgan Murphy is a young comic from California. She cowrote Patton Oswalt's William Shatner Roast performance. I do not believe she has her own Wikipedia page.

DJ Lazlo/GTA series
I'm still of the belief that Lazlo and Oswalt are one in the same person. Lazlo sounds far too uncannily similar to Oswalt and when I first picked up GTA III and played a bit of it, I was nearly convinced it was him until I started thumbing through the instruction manual for it. Can anyone offer up substantial proof that they are in fact two separate individuals? 75.2.13.137 03:32, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Lazlow.com has pics of Lazlow. Notice how different he looks from Patton. Case Closed.--Hndsmepete 19:10, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Yeah thats like saying "can you prove to me that stephen king and bruce campbel are not the same person?"174.42.129.164 (talk) 19:46, 23 August 2009 (UTC)

Neil Cumpston
I think it's worth noting that he is widely believed to write under the pseudonm Neil Cumpston on AICN. This is widely speculated and a google search shows that they are believed to be one in the same, but I can't find anything that confirms or denies it. Any ideas of how to work that into the article?--Twintone 16:48, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

OCD?
I've heard and read Patton make reference to having obsessive-compulsive disorder, but he hasn't clearly stated that he has it, and I can't find any other definitive answer on this. Can anyone confirm or deny?

 * I remember him talking about having OCD when referencing his ex-girlfriend on one of his albums. He would try to make his CD's alphabetical, while his girlfriend just said something like: leave them on the floor, the goblins will pick them up. Comatmebro ~Come at me~ 21:43, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

Black Comedy
How is that fat white guy in black comedy? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.173.178.125 (talk) 20:59, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

"Black comedy" has nothing to do with race. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_comedy

Clown666 (talk) 01:20, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

Batman Beyond
Patton Oswalt voiced Eldon Michaels in episode 23 of Season 2 in Batman Beyond, "Sentries".

I'd add it, But my wiki-fu is weak, and I do not know standard procedures.--DerPyro (talk) 22:54, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

Recent tv appearance
Uncredited in the article is Patton's recent appearance on Dollhouse. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.53.0.55 (talk) 22:37, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

He was recently in Burn Notice for a few episodes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.202.90.9 (talk) 18:14, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

Minor Trivia: Daughter's Name?
Patton's daughter's name is Alice Rigney Oswalt. Does anyone know if this is a reference to the real name of author Robert Jordan? Just wonderin'. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.134.238.111 (talk) 19:57, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

No. It's not. It's his wife's mother's maiden name. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Lilystalk (talk • contribs) 17:25, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

Icarus?
There was a sentence here starting that Mr. Oswalt is the voice of the player character in the new Kid Icarus game. But I've found no evidence of this what-so-ever, outside of pages that repeat this Wikipedia entry verbatim. If someone can get a cite on this, great; if not, let's leave it out.68.41.99.9 (talk) 00:28, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

Aqua Teen Hunger Force
Patton was the voice for Ezekiel (an ancient, seemingly developmentally stunted, milk shake) in the fifth season of Aqua Teen Hunger Force. It's not mentioned in the article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.75.11.2 (talk) 22:09, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

Racism charge
This is probably not sourced well enough to match what was written in the article. -- Neil N   talk to me  05:35, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

should cite tweet directly? is racism and is engaged in publicly. see no problem including statement of fact. Lakdfhia (talk) 05:38, 31 August 2013 (UTC)
 * All you're citing is one editorial by an involved party. You need better sourcing than this. -- Neil N   talk to me  06:05, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

i did source better and was removed. please advise on how to proceed with ridiculous sourcing standards. is two source on racism, tweet itself, and public statement of him defend racism not enough? Lakdfhia (talk) 06:12, 31 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Both sources are the exact same (the Salon story). And tweets are not an acceptable source (you cannot attach an interpretation to them). -- Neil N   talk to me  06:18, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

is not interpretation to point out racism in obvious racist comment. is simple statement of fact. is like saying comment of "black people are lazy" is not racist because interpretation necessary. ridiculous whitewashing. Lakdfhia (talk) 07:13, 31 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Apples and oranges. He didn't say that, he made a joke. We cannot make the statement you added to the article based on a citation to an opinion piece, per WP:BLP and WP:RS - MrOllie (talk) 19:19, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

is not joke. joke is funny. is like saying make joke about greedy jewish are is not racist. is simple statement of fact. you are whitewash. is this place for politics or place for facts? Lakdfhia (talk) 19:27, 31 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Also not what he said. See Straw man. Wikipedia is a place for facts as reported by sources that meet our guidelines, which is why we insist on proper sources, not accusations in editorials. - MrOllie (talk) 19:31, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

place of facts like claim of economicron, yes? claim left unsourced in article through dispute, but is ignored because is inoffensive to politics of whitewashers. please to not argue proper sources when obvious asymmetrical requirement is not even trying to being hidden. Lakdfhia (talk) 19:36, 31 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Thank you for removing that unsourced content. As you have just found Wikipedia is a work in progress and there is a lot of stuff to review. Just because some bit of content somewhere slid by without a good source does not mean we should add more improperly sourced content elsewhere. - MrOllie (talk) 19:44, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

is remove by bot now! ridiculous. please to fix mistake most quickly. Lakdfhia (talk) 19:49, 31 August 2013 (UTC)

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Name and DOB of non notable minor
I removed this info for now. I tried to click the link to Brian Austin Greene but it didn't direct me correctly. For the most part, we don't include exact DOBs of non notable minors regardless of the amount of coverage, ect. Thoughts? --Malerooster (talk) 16:23, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Since the link evidently goes to a Wikipedia disambiguation page for the word "Talk", there clearly was a typo. You could very easily have gone to Talk:Brian Austin Green, and I ask that you do so now, and scroll down to the closed RfC consensus. --Tenebrae (talk) 17:33, 26 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Hi Tenebrae, I read that and I am not very impressed. Just because a RFC at one bio went a certain way doesn't make that a MOS guideline. It seems that you are sort of middle on the road on this, correct? How about just using the year of birth? I wasn't edit warring and won't revert again. I know this has been discussed before, and I thought the "default" was NOT to include specific dob of non notable minor since it adds absolutely nothing to the understanding of the article subject, unless you are trying to show premarital sex, ie Sarah Palin, just kidding. Cheers, --Malerooster (talk) 19:53, 28 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Thank you for discussing on the talk page, Malerooster. The RfC wasn't changing the guideline, but reiterating what the guideline says. Whether to include a DOB is up to editorial discretion, and that's certainly worth discussing at this article — as you surmise, I am not in favor of including purported birth dates and other such information when the only sources are anonymous, alleged "insiders" and the like, no matter who publishes such unconfirmed claims. When the parents themselves or their representatives consciously and proudly release this information to the press or, in this case, on a non-subscription blog accessible to everyone, then this basic and pertinent biographical information has been made very public. Not including it when it is confirmed and already available to millions of people seems non-encyclopedic at the very least. --Tenebrae (talk) 14:31, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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Murder accusations?
Sorry if this isn't how to inform you guys, as I've never done so before, but the "Personal Life" section of Patton Oswalt's page repeatedly accuses him of murdering his late wife. Unless I missed a pretty big news story, somebody's been messing with it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.93.30.155 (talk) 18:03, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

Tomodachi Life?
Who is the character ‘Nick’ from Tomodachi Life supposed to be? Afaik, Tomodachi Life doesn’t use real voice acting and instead uses tts. I cannot find a source on Patton Oswalt supposedly doing voice work for that game Winduss (talk) 18:09, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Patton Oswalt
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Patton Oswalt's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "btva": From MODOK:  From Blade (New Line franchise character):

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 23:31, 23 November 2022 (UTC)

Role in Tomodachi Life?
Supposedly potrayed a character named "nick"? Despite there being no known webpages or sources that confirm this.

As someone who's played Tomodachi Life, the game doesn't have voice acting; just stock voice clips and TTS. This doesn't seem at all true. Hoggington (talk) 16:36, 29 April 2023 (UTC)

Influences
shouldn’t George Carlin be included under “Influences”? After all, Patton wrote the liner notes, dated December 7th, 2017, to the “George Carlin Commemorative Collection” DVD box set. 2600:100B:A102:41F6:4861:677D:1067:8948 (talk) 18:42, 16 May 2023 (UTC)

Missed appearances
He appeared in the first episode of the Wierd Al show. 2001:48F8:9:1EDE:B2C1:8546:F42C:B3B7 (talk) 11:04, 8 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Patton Oswalt


text:
Talk:UVC-based preservation

All text and images of this article are taken from my master's thesis. I graduated on this topic and have written all text and created the images. So, no copyrights are violated. Copyrights are mine.

Regards, Jeffrey van der Hoeven --Jrvanderhoeven 14:11, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC) --

Excuse me, Jeff, but the only way for digitally-expressed information to become unusable, unreadable, or otherwise Dead, is for ALL the People to forget everything. This is NOT going to happen. -- idknow at gmail. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.56.234.19 (talk) 15:49, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:UVC-based preservation


text:
.pm

.pm is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Saint Pierre and Miquelon. It is managed by AFNIC, with registration services opening on 6 December 2011.

As of June 2021, there are more than 7000 registered .pm domains.

British Domain Holders Post-Brexit
Since 1 January 2021, British citizens have not been able to register .pm domains. However, as AFNIC is unable to apply policies retroactively, it is allowing all registrations pre-Brexit to continue, with renewal permitted.

Notable usage

 * The Office of The Prime Minister of Australia owns the domain aus.pm as a short URL

title: .pm


text:
Charles Pierre Henri Rieu

Charles Pierre Henri Rieu (June 8, 1820 – March 19, 1902) was a Swiss orientalist and Professor of Arabic in London and Cambridge.

Biography
Rieu was born in Geneva, the son of soldier and politician Jean-Louis Rieu. He studied at Bonn University, where he studied Arabic under Georg Freytag and Johann Gildemeister, and Sanskrit with Christian Lassen. He received his doctorate in 1843. He entered the British Museum in 1847, and after twenty years of service, a new post, that of Keeper of Oriental Manuscripts, was created for him.

He was a Professor of Arabic and Persian at University College London. In 1895 he was made professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge, with the full title "Sir Thomas Adams Professor of Arabic", in succession to Robertson Smith.

Rieu died in London on 19 March 1902. He was the father of E. V. Rieu and of Sir Louis Rieu.

Publications
Rieu completed in 1871 the second part, dealing with Arabic manuscripts, of the Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum orientalium, which had been begun by William Cureton, and he issued a supplementary volume in 1894.

He also drew up a Catalogue of the Turkish Manuscripts (1888) and a Catalogue of the Persian Manuscripts (4 vols, 1879–95), the latter being a storehouse of information on the books and their authors.

title: Charles Pierre Henri Rieu


text:
William McMaster

William McMaster (24 December 1811 – 22 September 1887) was a Canadian wholesaler, senator and banker in the 19th century. A director of the Bank of Montreal from 1864 to 1867, he was a driving force behind the creation of the Canadian Bank of Commerce of which he was the founding president from 1867 to his death in 1887.

He sat in the Senate of Canada from 1867 to 1887 as a Liberal. He also helped found McMaster University in Toronto (later moved to Hamilton), Ontario.

Biography
Born in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, McMaster migrated to York, Upper Canada, (now Toronto) in 1833. He was married for the first time to Mary Henderson (18??–1869) of New York. He married a second time on 18 July 1871, to Susan Fraser (née Moulton), the widow of an American businessman.

He died in 1887 and is buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto.

Philanthropy
McMaster supported a number of causes with large donations. As a member of Bond Street Baptist Church, McMaster helped to finance its building of larger facilities at Jarvis Street Baptist Church. He also helped to finance Beverley Street Baptist Church, which is now Toronto Chinese Baptist Church, and a number of other Baptist churches in the Toronto area as well as the building of Toronto Baptist College in McMaster Hall on Bloor Street, later renamed McMaster University and funded by a large endowment upon his death. Through his wife, financing was also provided for the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.

title: William McMaster


text:
.pn

.pn is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Pitcairn Islands.

Use
An official .pn domain costs $100 per year from the registry. There are relatively few sites using these domains, but examples include ESPN, Experian, C-SPAN, happn, and Groupon, each of whom use the domain for URL shortening services.

Subdomains under various two-letter .pn domains were offered as free redirections and as domain names by numerous providers. In August 2017, Free EU Hosting, one such provider, announced that due to reputation fears they will be discontinuing their popular eu.pn and me.pn subdomains and that they will eventually stop working, offering existing customers alternative subdomains.

The .pn domain is also used as part of a Lionsgate marketing campaign promoting the Hunger Games film series, presenting it as the "official" country code of the fictional nation of Panem, with domains for the Capitol and the rebellion.

Management
ICANN originally delegated the management of the domain to islander Tom Christian. In 2000, the government of Pitcairn Island wrote a letter to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority stating that Christian did not "adequately serve the interests of the country and community of Pitcairn Island" and requesting reassignment of the delegation of the top-level domain to the office of the governor of Pitcairn Island. The dispute was resolved when ICANN ruled that the domain would be re-delegated to the Pitcairn Island Council.

Structure
The registrations are taken directly at the second level, and at third level under a number of reserved second level domains.

title: .pn


text:
Category talk:Defunct college football bowls

Needed: Oil Bowl (I know that there was one but don't know any details) Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl/Bluebonnet Bowl All-American Bowl (Legion Field)

There are additionally some games named on the college football page that haven't been added to the category yet, for those of you who have time.

Also, do the formerly-named lower-division games belong here? For example, NCAA Division I-AA Championship, now called just that, was formerly called the Pioneer Bowl. Divison II was at one time called the Camellia Bowl, which is noted in that article since there was also once a major-college bowl named that. Division III was at one time the Grantland Rice Bowl and the Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl. There has also been at some point a Gardenia Bowl and an Azalea Bowl; I think that both were part of the lower-division playoffs. As far as I know, names for the lower-division NCAA playoff games have all been dropped. Is this correct? What about naming-rights to games which may still exist under other names? For example, at one point the Sun Bowl became the John Hancock Sun Bowl and then since no one was calling it the John Hancock Sun Bowl it became temporarily the John Hancock Bowl. This obviously belongs under "Sun Bowl", but someone might need a redirect, if trying to look it up from a contemporary account from a time when there was no other name. Now that John Hancock is no longer involved, is the John Hancock Bowl in a way defunct? What about names that seem to have permanently disappeared due to naming rights, like the Hall of Fame Bowl (now Outback Bowl), Florida Citrus Bowl (now Capital One Bowl), etc. Are redirects alone enough? There are 'names' that have never even really been used and are "default" names in case naming rights can't be sold, like the "Blockbuster/Carquest/Your Name Here" Bowl in Ft. Lauderdale, which was technically the "Sunshine Festival Classic", IIRC, if no one bought the name? I don't want to do anything on this without input from other interested people. Takers? Rlquall 14:15, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)


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Abies grandis

Abies grandis (grand fir, giant fir, lowland white fir, great silver fir, western white fir, Vancouver fir, or Oregon fir) is a fir native to northwestern North America, occurring at altitudes of sea level to 1700 m. It is a major constituent of the Grand Fir/Douglas Fir Ecoregion of the Cascade Range.

The tree typically grows to 40–70 m in height, and may be the tallest Abies species in the world. There are two varieties, the taller coast grand fir, found west of the Cascade Mountains, and the shorter interior grand fir, found east of the Cascades. It was first described in 1831 by David Douglas.

It is closely related to white fir. The bark was historically believed to have medicinal properties, and it is popular in the United States as a Christmas tree. Its lumber is a softwood, and it is harvested as a hem fir. It is used in paper-making, as well as construction for framing and flooring, where it is desired for its resistance to splitting and splintering.

Description
Abies grandis is a large evergreen conifer growing to 40–70 m tall, exceptionally 100 m, with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m. The dead tree tops sometimes fork into new growth. The bark is 5 cm thick, reddish to gray (but purple within), furrowed, and divided into slender plates. The leaves are needle-like, flattened, 3–6 cm long and 2 mm wide by 0.5 mm thick, glossy dark green above, with two green-white bands of stomata below, and slightly notched at the tip. The leaf arrangement is spiral on the shoot, but with each leaf variably twisted at the base so they all lie in two more-or-less flat ranks on either side of the shoot. On the lower leaf surface, two green-white bands of stomata are prominent. The base of each leaf is twisted a variable amount so that the leaves are nearly coplanar.

The green-to-reddish cones are 6–12 cm long and 3.5–4.5 cm broad, with about 100–150 scales; the scale bracts are short, and hidden in the closed cone. The winged seeds are released when the cones disintegrate at maturity about 6 months after pollination.

Varieties

There are two varieties, probably better treated at subspecies rank though not yet formally published as such:
 * Abies grandis var. grandis. Coast grand fir. Coastal lowland forests, at sea level to 900 m altitude, from Vancouver Island and coastal British Columbia, south to Sonoma County, California. A large, very fast-growing tree to 70 m tall. Foliage strongly flattened on all shoots. Cones slightly narrower (mostly less than 4 cm broad), with thinner, fairly flexible scales. Tolerates winter temperatures down to about -25° to -30 °C; growth on good sites may exceed 1.5 m per year when young.
 * Abies grandis var. idahoensis. Interior grand fir. Interior forests, at (600–) 900–1800 m altitude, on the east slope of the Cascades in Washington and in the Rocky Mountains from southeast British Columbia south to central Idaho, northeast Oregon and western Montana. A smaller, slow-growing tree to 40–45 m tall. Foliage not strongly flattened on all shoots, the leaves often raised above the shoot, particularly on upper crown shoots. Cones slightly stouter (mostly over 4 cm broad), with thicker, slightly woody scales. Tolerates winter temperatures down to about -40 °C; growth on good sites not exceeding 0.6 m per year even when young.

Grand fir is very closely related to white fir (Abies concolor), and intergrades with it in central Oregon. Firs of the Blue Mountains and Oregon East Cascade Slope are intermediate between the two species in genetics and appearance. The intergrades are often referred to as "Abies grandis x concolor", a variety which itself intergrades into Abies concolor lowiana farther south, around the California state line.

Taxonomy
The species was first described by Scottish botanical explorer David Douglas, who in 1830 brought its seeds back to Britain; in 1831 he described specimens he had collected along the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest.

Distribution and habitat
The coastal variety of grand fir grows in temperate rainforest environments along the Pacific coast from southwest British Columbia to Northern California, with the inland variety growing in montane conifer forests of eastern Washington, the Idaho Panhandle, and far western Montana. It can be found growing at elevations of up to 1700 m. Habitats typically receive at least 640 mm of annual rainfall, but are still too dry or outside the range of more shade-tolerant competitors like western hemlock and western redcedar. Along with the closely related white fir, grand fir is more shade tolerant than Douglas-fir.

Ecology
Due to wildfire suppression, grand fir was able to proliferate in areas previously dominated by the relatively fire-resistant inland Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and western larch. The lack of smaller fires allows both grand and white fir saplings to form a fuel ladder, enabling crown fires. Grand fir's bark is thinner than that of white fir, making the former species more susceptible to threats like fire and rot.

Specimens have historically been able to live up to nearly 300 years, but in modern stressed conditions, 100 years is more typical. A number of defoliating insects threaten the tree; in the late 20th century, western spruce budworm epidemics killed sizable populations of grand fir in the eastern Cascades and Blue Mountains. The lack of an ability to use pitch to patch wounds, including those from logging and small fires, provides a weakness exploited by rot fungi. East of the Cascade ridge, grand fir trunks are infected by Indian paint fungus, indicating a rotten core; such specimens are often waterlogged and thus crack apart in freezing weather.

Pileated woodpeckers search grand and white firs for insects and places to nest. Rotten cores open shelters for various animals, including black bears.

Uses
The boughs create a rain shelter for humans.

Native Americans used both grand fir and white fir, powdering the bark or pitch to treat tuberculosis or skin ailments; the Nlaka'pamux used the bark to cover lodges and make canoes, and branches were used as bedding. The inner bark of the grand fir was used by some Plateau Indian tribes for treating colds and fever. The Okanagan-Colville tribe used the species as a strengthening drug to nullify the feeling of weakness.

The foliage has an attractive citrus-like scent. It is sometimes used for Christmas decorations in the United States, including Christmas trees, although its stiff branches do not allow it to be economically packed. It is also planted as an ornamental tree in large parks.

Timber

The lumber is non-resinous and fine textured. In the North American logging industry, the grand fir is often referred to as "hem fir", with hem fir being a number of species with interchangeable types of wood (specifically the California red fir, noble fir, Pacific silver fir, white fir, and western hemlock). Grand fir is often shipped along with these other species. It can also referred to as "white fir" lumber, an umbrella term also referring to Abies amabilis, Abies concolor, and Abies magnifica.

Lumber from the grand fir is considered a softwood. As such, it is used for paper making, packing crates, and construction. Hem fir is frequently used for framing, and is able to meet the building code span requirements of numerous construction projects.

As a hem fir, the trunk of the grand fir is considered slightly below the "Douglas fir-larch" species combination in strength, and stronger than the "Douglas fir-South" and "spruce-pine-fir (South)" species combos (both umbrella terms for a number of species with similar wood). Because it is nearly as strong as Douglas fir-larch, it often meets the structural load-bearing requirements for framing in residential, light commercial, and heavy construction. Excluding Douglas fir-larch, hem fir's modulus of elasticity value as a stiffness factor in floor systems (denoted as MOE or E) is stronger than all other western species combinations. Hem fir is preferred by many builders because of its ability to hold and not be split by nails and screws, and its low propensity for splintering when sawed.

Notable specimens
In February 2022, a coast grand fir growing south of Bergen was found to be Norway's tallest tree with height of 53.7 m.

title: Abies grandis


text:
Wikipedia:News sources/China

 * 1044 Metro Plus (Broadcasting)
 * China Online (Internet) - Based in Chicago
 * China's US embassy
 * Chinese Radio International - State run
 * East Day (Internet) - Has a market Index on the main page
 * Epoch Times, The (Newsprint) - Falun Gong perspective.
 * Hong Kong Government News Centre
 * People Daily (Newsprint) - Official Communist Party newspaper.
 * Radio Television Hong Kong (Broadcasting)
 * Standard, The (Newsprint)
 * Xinhua - State run

Chinese Language

 * Hong Kong Economic Journal (Newsprint)
 * Ming Pao Daily (Newsprint)
 * TVB (Broadcasting)

title: Wikipedia:News sources/China


text:
Wikipedia:News sources/Europe

Europe

 * EU Government site
 * EurActiv(Internet)
 * EU Observer (Internet)
 * Euro News (Broadcasting)
 * Europa Gazette (Web)
 * Euro reporters Brussels journalists on Eastern & Central Europe, EU Enlargement and Wider Europe.
 * EU News European Union News
 * European Voice (Newsprint)
 * The Moscow Times (Newsprint)
 * OSCE (NGO site)
 * The Prague Post (Newsprint)
 * Radio Free Europe (Newsprint)
 * Transitions online (wire)
 * Karabakh News (Online)
 * Caucasus News (Online)
 * Tech News Cloud (Online)

Albania

 * Albanian Daily News - Subscription required

Armenia

 * Asbarez
 * ArmeniaNow
 * Azatutyun
 * Capital Daily
 * Armenia news

Austria

 * Austrian Embassy
 * Austrian Radio (Broadcasting)
 * Government site
 * Wiener Zeitung (Newsprint)

Azerbaijan

 * Today.Az (Online)
 * Azerbaijan Press Agency (Newsprint)
 * Trend (Newsprint)
 * ANS Press (Broadcasting, Newsprint and Online)
 * AzerNEWS (Newsprint)
 * The Azeri Times (Newsprint)
 * Azerbaijan Today (Newsprint)
 * SpaceTV (Broadcasting)
 * AzerTAc (Newsprint)
 * TURAN (Newsprint)
 * AzTV (Broadcasting)
 * Daily Newspaper (Newsprint)
 * 525th Newspaper (Newsprint)
 * ZAMAN (Newsprint)
 * SHERG (Newsprint)
 * iTV (Broadcasting)
 * Azadliq (Newsprint)
 * Azerbaijan.az (Online)
 * Ayna (Newsprint)
 * IkiShahil (Online)
 * Bizim ESR (Newsprint)
 * SES (Newsprint and Online)
 * Xalq Cebhesi (Newsprint and Online)
 * Musavat (Newsprint and Online)
 * Yeni Azerbaycan (Newsprint and Online)
 * TEZADLAR (Newsprint)
 * Bizim Yol (Newsprint)
 * EXPRESS (Newsprint)
 * Kaspi (Newsprint and Online)
 * Nedelya (Newsprint)
 * Nash Vek (Newsprint)
 * Our Century (Newsprint)
 * RESPUBLIKA (Newsprint)
 * YeniCAG (Newsprint)
 * The Voice of Mirza Xazar (Broadcasting and Newsprint)
 * Azerbaijan News (Online)

Belarus

 * Government site

Belgium

 * Expatica

Bosnia

 * Aim:Sarajevo (wire?)
 * IWPR - Covers the former Yugoslavia
 * Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * SFOR - Nato Military site

Bulgaria

 * Bulgarian News Agency
 * Government site
 * Parliament site
 * Sofia Echo (Newsprint)
 * Sofia News Agency

Croatia

 * Croatian News Agency (HINA) (subscription required for full access)
 * Jutarnji list
 * Večernji list
 * Slobodna Dalmacija
 * Croatian Radiotelevision
 * IWPR - Covers the former Yugoslavia

Cyprus

 * Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (Broadcasting)
 * Cyprus Mail (Newsprint)
 * Cyprus News (Newsprint)
 * Cyprus News Agency
 * The Cyprus Weekly (Newsprint)
 * Financial Mirror (Newsprint)
 * Greek Government Site

Czech Republic

 * Czech Happenings
 * Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ)
 * Government Site
 * The Prague Tribune (Newsprint)
 * Radio Prague (Broadcasting)

Denmark

 * The Copenhagen Post (Newsprint)
 * Government Site
 * WRN (Broadcasting)

Estonia

 * The Baltic Times (Newsprint)
 * Business and political news
 * Estonian news in English from Eesti Rahvusringhääling
 * Estonian news in English from Postimees
 * News from president.ee
 * Government news

Finland

 * Helsingin Sanomat (Newsprint)
 * News Room Finland - Government run
 * Yle Uutiset

France

 * Al-Oufok
 * NewswireToday - Francophone News Distribution
 * Government Site
 * International Herald Tribune (Newsprint)

Georgia

 * Government Site
 * Georgia News

Germany

 * Deutsche Welle (Broadcasting)
 * German Embassy to the US
 * German parliament
 * Government Information
 * Spiegel (Newsprint)
 * Tagesschau
 * Telepolis (Newsprint) Magazine of Internet culture.

Greece

 * Aegean Times (Web Forum)
 * Athens News (Newsprint)
 * Athens News Agency - Government supported
 * Greek Embassy to the US
 * HR-Net (Internet)
 * Kathimerini (Newsprint)
 * The Voice of Greece (Broadcasting)

Hungary

 * Budapest Business Journal (Newsprint)
 * WRN:Budapest (Broadcasting)

Iceland

 * Iceland Review (Newsprint)
 * Scandinavia Now - Covers Scandinavia

Ireland

 * Government Site
 * Irish Examiner (Newsprint)
 * Irish Internet Hub (Portal)
 * Irish Republican News
 * The Irish Times (Newsprint)
 * The Post (Newsprint)
 * RTE News (Broadcasting)
 * Sunday Independent (Newsprint)
 * Eircom.net news (subscription-free re-publication of Irish Times and Irish Independent)

Italy

 * ANSA
 * Il Sole 24 Ore

In Italian:
 * La Repubblica
 * Il Corriere Della Sera

Jersey

 * Channel Television
 * Jersey Evening Post
 * BBC Jersey

Latvia

 * Baltic News(Newsprint)
 * Baltic Times (Newsprint)
 * Government site
 * Radio Latvia (Broadcasting)
 * Public broadcasting of Latvia (Internet)

Liechtenstein

 * Vaterland (Newsprint)

Lithuania

 * Government site

North Macedonia

 * IWPR - Covers the former Yugoslavia
 * Media information agency

Malta

 * Business Weekly
 * Di-ve (Portal)
 * Government site
 * The Malta independent online (Newsprint)
 * Malta News (Portal)
 * The Sunday Times (Newsprint)

Moldova

 * Basa press (Newsprint)

Montenegro

 * MN News Online

Netherlands

 * Government Site (Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
 * Radio Netherlands (Broadcasting)

Norway

 * Aftenposten (Newsprint)
 * Government Site
 * Norway Post (Newsprint)

Poland

 * Government Site (Prime minister's)
 * Polish portal (portal)
 * Radio Poland (Broadcasting)
 * Rzeczpospolita (Newsprint)
 * Warsaw Business Journal (Newsprint)
 * The Warsaw Voice (Newsprint)
 * Poland Monthly (glossy magazine)

Portugal

 * Government site (Newsprint)
 * The Portugal News Online (Newsprint)

Romania

 * Agerpres (State-run news agency)
 * Mediafax (Private news agency)
 * Hotnews (Private news agency)
 * Radar de Media (Portal)
 * Government of Romania
 * Nine O'clock (Newsprint)

Russia

 * Gazeta
 * Inter Fax (Newsprint and Wire)
 * Pravda (Newsprint) - Pravda means truth in Russian.
 * News from Russia (Broadcasting and Online)
 * Russia News
 * Novosti
 * The Moscow Times (Newsprint)
 * Russia Journal (Newsprint)
 * Russian Government
 * The St. Petersburg Times (Newsprint)
 * The voice of Russia (Broadcasting) - Broadcasts in many languages
 * Russia Beyond the Headlines (Newsprint and Online) International project

Serbia

 * B92 (Broadcasting)
 * Government Site
 * IWPR - Covers the former YugoSlavia
 * Tanjus

Slovakia

 * Government Site
 * Slovensko (Broadcasting)

Slovenia

 * Government Site
 * IWPR - Covers the former YugoSlavia

Spain

 * Costa Blanca News (Newsprint)
 * Government Site
 * Sur (Newsprint)

Sweden

 * The local
 * SR international (Broadcasting)

Switzerland

 * NZZ Online
 * Swiss Info (Broadcasting)

Turkey

 * Journal of Turkish Weekly (Online)
 * Aegean Times (Forum)
 * Turkish daily news (Newsprint)
 * Turkish Press (Newsprint)
 * Zaman Daily Newspaper (Newsprint)
 * Kurdistan Observer (Collation) - Claims to cover geographical areas collectively described Kurdistan. Including regions of Iraq, Iran, Syria, Armenia but mainly Turkey
 * Turkey News (Online)

UK

 * 4ni
 * Accountancy Age
 * Aidsmap
 * Amnesty International UK
 * BBC (Broadcasting)
 * Belfast Telegraph (Newsprint)
 * Channel 4 News (Broadcasting)
 * 10 Downing Street
 * Ecologist (Newsprint)
 * The Economist (Newsprint)
 * Farmers Weekly interactive (Online and Newsprint)
 * Financial Times (Newsprint)
 * Guardian (Newsprint)
 * IC Wales (Newsprint)
 * The Independent (Newsprint)
 * ITN (Broadcasting)
 * The Mirror (Newsprint)
 * New Statesman (Newsprint)
 * Private Eye
 * Reuters (Wire)
 * The Socialist Worker (Newsprint)
 * Sky news (Broadcasting)
 * The Sun (Newsprint)
 * The Telegraph (Newsprint)

 * The Scotsman (Newsprint)
 * The Spectator (Online)

Ukraine

 * Government Site
 * Interfax
 * Kyiv Post (Newsprint)
 * Window on Ukraine
 * Apostrophe

title: Wikipedia:News sources/Europe


text:
Wikipedia:News sources/India

 * All India Radio (Broadcast)
 * Press Trust of India
 * Rewa Riyasat News (Portal)
 * ETV Bharat
 * CNN IBN Live (Broadcast)
 * Daily Excelsior (Newsprint)
 * Daily News & Analysis (Newsprint)
 * Deccan Herald, The (Newsprint)
 * India Tv (Newsprint)
 * News 18 India (Newsprint)
 * Government
 * The Hindu (Newsprint)
 * Hindustan by region and subject
 * New Indian Express, The (Newsprint)
 * Ranchi Express (Portal)
 * Rediff (Portal)
 * Statesman, The (Newsprint)
 * SUN TV (Broadcasting)
 * Sunday express, The (Newsprint)
 * Telegraph, The (Newsprint) - Based in Calcutta
 * Times of India, The (Newsprint)
 * The Tribune (Newsprint)
 * Week, The (Newsprint)
 * The Print (Newsprint)
 * Kashmir

title: Wikipedia:News sources/India


text:
BBC2 Floodlit Trophy

The BBC2 Floodlit Trophy (also known as the BBC2 Television Trophy) was an annual knockout competition for British rugby league clubs. Organised by the Rugby Football League (RFL), the competition was open to all professional clubs with floodlights installed.

First held in 1965–66, games were typically played during the middle of the week, and were broadcast on BBC television. Eight teams competed during the first season, but the tournament was quickly expanded as more teams erected floodlights at their grounds.

The competition's most successful club was Castleford, who won the trophy four times, including the inaugural tournament. The last staging of the competition was in 1979–80, won by Hull, before the competition was cancelled due to financial cutbacks by the BBC.

History
The tournament was not Rugby League's first foray into evening television; the 1955–56 season saw a tournament titled the Independent Television Floodlit Trophy. Eight clubs participated in a series of games played at football grounds in the London area, with Warrington eventually running out 43–18 victors over Leigh.

In 1965, the rugby league management committee agreed to the televising of a mid-week floodlit competition consisting of eight teams, with director of BBC2, broadcaster David Attenborough, being instrumental in its creation. When the competition was first mooted only a few grounds were equipped with floodlights, but the tournament prompted several clubs to apply for loans from the Rugby Football League to install them. The tournament was intended to coincide with the launch of BBC2 in the North of England.

The tournament was played during the early part of the season. Each week, one match would be played under floodlights on a Tuesday evening; the second half of this match that would be broadcast live on BBC2. Non-televised matches were played at various times, depending on clubs' commitments in more prestigious tournaments. Despite the title many matches did not take place under floodlights; clubs such as Barrow and Bramley (for example) did not possess adequate lighting.

The first season, 1965–66, eight clubs - Castleford, Leeds, Leigh, Oldham, St. Helens, Swinton, Warrington and Widnes took part. Seven of the eight teams had floodlights and Leeds installed theirs the following season.

The four-tackles-then-a-scrum rule was first introduced in the competition's second season, in October 1966, before being implemented in all competitions by December.

Castleford won the trophy in the first season, 1965–66 and won the trophy the most times, on three more occasions 1966–67, 1967–68 and 1976–77.

Despite disagreements over shirt sponsorship in the early 1970s, Rugby League remained a mainstay of BBC Television during the 1970s, and 1980s, although the commitment to the Floodlit Trophy decreased before financial cutbacks at the BBC lead to its cancellation after the 1979–80 competition. In the last final, Hull F.C. beat local rivals Hull Kingston Rovers.

title: BBC2 Floodlit Trophy


text:
Glenn Hysén

Glenn Ingvar Hysén (born 30 October 1959) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Starting off his career with IFK Göteborg in 1978, he went on represent PSV Eindhoven, Fiorentina, and Liverpool before retiring at GAIS in 1994. A full international between 1981 and 1990, he won 68 caps for the Sweden national team and represented his country at the 1990 FIFA World Cup. He was awarded Guldbollen as Sweden's best footballer of the year in both 1983 and 1988.

Early life
Glenn Ingvar Hysén was born in Gothenburg to a football family. His grandfather Erik Hysén played for IFK Göteborg as did his great-uncle Carl Hysén. Hysén's father Kurt Hysén also played for IFK Göteborg's B-Team. Hysén started playing football at IF Warta when he was a boy. As a child, he wanted to become a member of Swedish pop group ABBA.

IFK Göteborg
Hysén started his professional career with IFK Göteborg and made his competitive debut for the team on 14 May 1979 in an Allsvenskan game against IFK Norrköping that ended 2–2. During his first stint with Göteborg, he helped the team win the 1982 and 1983 Swedish Championships, and the 1981–82 UEFA Cup.

PSV Eindhoven
He was named Sweden's Footballer of the Year in 1983 and his form earned him a move to PSV Eindhoven in the Netherlands. He was often forced to play out of position, midfielder and even as a forward, and did not enjoy his time in the Netherlands.

Return to IFK Göteborg
In 1985, he returned to IFK Göteborg and helped the team reach the semi-finals of the 1985–86 European Cup before being eliminated by FC Barcelona on penalty kicks. He also helped the club win another Swedish Championship in 1987 and win their second UEFA Cup title in 1987.

Fiorentina
Following his success with IFK Göteborg and the Sweden national team, Hysén turned down an offer from Manchester United and their manager Alex Ferguson to instead join his former IFK Göteborg manager Sven-Göran Eriksson at Fiorentina in Serie A.

Liverpool
Manchester United again expressed an interest in signing Hysén in 1989, and invited the player over to England for a tour of Old Trafford and buffet lunch. He returned to Italy with the deal all but sealed; Manchester United chairman Martin Edwards even rang Alex Ferguson to report that Hysén had shaken hands on the deal. Negotiations stalled on the £300,000 transfer, and Edwards and Ferguson flew out to Italy to conclude matters in person. However, upon arrival in Florence, they were told by Hysén's agent that the player had signed for Liverpool a few days previously, prompting the United management to make a move for Gary Pallister instead.

Hysén made a sensational debut against Arsenal in the 1989 Charity Shield win at Wembley which made him an instant hero. Hysén settled in immediately at Liverpool, scoring his first Liverpool goal in their club record 9–0 mauling of Crystal Palace soon afterwards. He scored Liverpool's eighth goal in this game, which was notable for having eight different players score for the same side.

Alongside veteran club captain Alan Hansen and, in Hansen's injury-enforced absence, the young defender Gary Ablett, Hysén was a major part of Liverpool's success in the League championship of the 1989–90 season, when the Reds fought off a late challenge from Aston Villa and sealed their 18th top division title by a margin of nine points.

It went slightly downhill for Hysén thereafter, with Hansen out with a long-term injury (which led to his retirement). Manager Kenny Dalglish's resignation in February 1991 heralded the beginning of Hysén's end. The new manager Graeme Souness did not really share Dalglish's views on football which led to many changes being made upon his arrival, changes that did not suit the entire team and created some tension between him and some of the players, Hysén being one of those players. This tension together with some minor injuries made Souness less keen to keep him. Hysén did recover fitness for the 1991–92 season, but made just five league appearances, the last a 3–0 loss to Norwich City 22 February 1992, before being given a free transfer.

GAIS and retirement
He returned to Sweden in 1992 and played three seasons for GAIS before retiring from professional football in 1994.

International career
Hysén represented the Sweden U17, U19, and U21 teams a total of 25 times between 1976 and 1980. He made his full international debut for the Sweden national team on 6 March 1981 against Northern Ireland. He continued to play for the Swedish national team for the next nine years. In a 1990 FIFA World Cup qualification match on 19 October 1988 against England at Wembley Stadium, Hysén was awarded six "wasps" out of five by Expressen for a heroic defensive performance. Hysén captained Sweden at the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy, when they lost all three of their first-round matches and went home surprisingly early.

Coaching career

Hysén has been assistant coach for Torslanda IK. This experience landed him a spot on reality show FC Z which takes 15 men between the ages of 18 and 31 who have never played football before and trains them so they can play against a real team. On the show, he is the coach of the football team FC Zulu which was pinned against his son Tobias's former team, Djurgårdens IF.

In November 2010, Glenn Hysén signed a contract making him co-head coach of Swedish division II team Utsiktens BK.

Personal life
Hysén and his first wife Kerstin had two children. On 9 March 1982 Tobias was born and three years later daughter Charlotte arrived. Kerstin and Glenn divorced.

He married his second wife Helena and had three children. The first of which was son Alexander, who was born on 12 May 1987. That same year, the family moved to Italy, while Hysén was playing for Fiorentina. Whilst Hysén was playing for Fiorentina, a man proposed to Helena and Hysén chased after him and threw him up against a wall, which he revealed in his biography. Hysén and Helena had son Anton, who was born in 1990, and a daughter, Annie, born in 1994.

Television
After Hysén's retirement from football, he has worked as an expert commentator for TV6 and TV3 in Sweden. At the end of each transmission, he appoints three football players for the game's best player. He now works as a commentator for TV2 in Norway.

Hysén competed as a celebrity dancer in Let's Dance 2014 being the third to be eliminated.

Since 2014 Hysén is also an ambassador for the gaming company Unibet, and the cleaning company Sweden & Co.

Incident at Frankfurt Airport

At Frankfurt Airport in 2001, Hysén attacked a man who had groped him while in the public restroom. In 2007, Hysén spoke at Stockholm Pride, the largest gay pride festival in the Nordic region. Many people from the gay community were surprised due to the earlier incident. At the Stockholm Pride, he delivered a speech denouncing sports homophobia and laid to rest his 2001 airport incident.

He stated that, "I know that many LGBT people have been the victims of assaults and hate crimes. I can therefore understand if some people have been upset by the airport incident, so I want to be clear: I think that it is completely unacceptable that anybody should be subjected to assaults, insults or hate crimes due to their sexual orientation or gender identity,...The incident had been blown out of proportion in the media...In order to finally flush the Frankfurt Airport punch down the toilet: it is not the case that I beat up a gay person. I categorically deny that,...I'm not proud that I took a swing at him, but I am proud that I have integrity and that I reacted."

In the same speech he asked "How easy would it be for a sixteen-year-old boy who plays football to come out as gay to his team mates?" In March 2011 his youngest son, Anton, a professional footballer himself, came out of the closet to the media.

International

 * Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hysén goal.

Honours
IFK Göteborg
 * UEFA Cup: 1981–82, 1986–87
 * Swedish Champion: 1982, 1983, 1987
 * Svenska Cupen: 1981–82, 1982–83

Liverpool
 * Football League First Division: 1989–90
 * FA Charity Shield: 1989, 1990 (shared)

Individual
 * Guldbollen: 1983, 1988
 * Stor Grabb: 1983
 * Årets ärkeängel: 1981

title: Glenn Hysén


text:
.ps

.ps is the Internet country code top-level domain ccTLD officially assigned to the State of Palestine. It is administered by the Palestinian National Internet Naming Authority.

Registrations are processed by certified registrars.

The Internationalized country code top-level domain for the State of Palestine is, which is represented as   in Punycode.

Second level domains
Registrations can be made at the second-level as well as at several third-level domain names:

 * .ps: open to anyone (not required to be Palestinian)
 * com.ps, net.ps, org.ps: unrestricted
 * edu.ps: Educational institutions.
 * gov.ps: institutions of the PNA and government.
 * sch.ps: Palestinian schools

Domain hacks
It has also been used in domain hacks, for example meetu.ps for meetups on the website Meetup, and by the University of Maryland as ter.ps.

title: .ps


text:
Blue Chairs

Blue Chairs is an interactive fiction game by American author Chris Klimas.

Plot
The piece opens at a party, where a man offers the player a bottle of a mysterious green fluid. After drinking it, the PC passes out, but is shortly awoken by a man bringing a phone message from a long-lost love. The game then explores the player's experiences of what may be a hallucination, and may be reality. Notable segments include a fantasy about being elected President in the desert, some "wine" which enhances dancing skills, and a network of tunnels hidden in the back of a freezer.

History
The genre of Blue Chairs is considered to be a modern-themed interactive fiction. The designer of Blue Chairs is Chris Klimas, who developed the game using the Inform programming language designed by Graham Nelson. The game was released as freeware in 2004.

Reception
Blue Chairs claimed the #2 prize at the Interactive Fiction Competition 2004, praised for its inventive style and rich storytelling. Subsequently, it received the awards for Best Game, Best Writing, and Best Story at the annual Xyzzy Awards. It was also nominated for Best Individual Puzzle, Best NPCs, and Best Individual PC. It was ranked as #34 in the 2011 edition of the Interactive Fiction Top 50 of all time. In 2016, author Adam Cadre analyzed Blue Chairs in his Radio K podcast.

title: Blue Chairs


text:
Category:Monarchy

This category includes articles related to monarchy as an institution, and other aspects of royalty in general and its types, including ruler titles, succession laws and related concepts.

title: Category:Monarchy


text:
Alexander Markovich Polyakov

Alexander Markovich Polyakov (Алекса́ндр Ма́ркович Поляко́в; born 27 September 1945) is a Russian theoretical physicist, formerly at the Landau Institute in Moscow and, since 1989, at Princeton University, where he is the Joseph Henry Professor of Physics Emeritus.

Important discoveries
Polyakov is known for a number of fundamental contributions to quantum field theory, including work on what is now called the 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole in non-Abelian gauge theory, independent from Gerard 't Hooft. Polyakov and coauthors discovered the so-called BPST instanton which, in turn, led to the discovery of the vacuum angle in QCD. His path integral formulation of string theory had profound and lasting impacts on the conceptual and mathematical understanding of the theory. His paper "Infinite conformal symmetry in two-dimensional quantum field theory" written with Alexander Belavin and Alexander Zamolodchikov laid down the foundations of two-dimensional conformal field theory and has classic status. Polyakov also played an important role in elucidating the conceptual framework behind renormalization independent of Kenneth G. Wilson's Nobel Prize–winning work. He formulated pioneering ideas in gauge/string duality long before the breakthrough of AdS/CFT using D-branes. Other insightful conjectures that came years or even decades before active work by others include integrability of gauge and string theories and certain ideas about turbulence.

Very early in his career, in a 1965 student work, Polyakov suggested (with Alexander Migdal) a dynamical Higgs mechanism, slightly after but independently from the publications of Peter Higgs and others. The paper was delayed by the Editorial Office of JETP, and was published only in 1966.

Honors and awards
Alexander Polyakov was awarded the Dirac Medal of the ICTP and the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics in 1986, the Lorentz Medal in 1994, the Oskar Klein Medal in 1996, the Harvey Prize in 2010, the Lars Onsager Prize (together with A. Belavin and A. Zamolodchikov) in 2011 and the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2013. On 19 November 2020 the German Physical Society announced it would award Alexander Polyakov the 2021 Max Planck Medal.

Polyakov was elected to the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1984, to the French Academy of Sciences in 1998 and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2005.

Political positions
In February-March 2022, he signed an open letter by Russian scientists condemning the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and another open letter by Breakthrough Prize laureates with the same message.

Famous quotes
“The garbage of the past often becomes the treasure of the present (and vice versa).” “There are no tables for path integrals.” (quoted in ) “I wanted to learn about elementary particles by studying boiling water.” (paraphrased in )

title: Alexander Markovich Polyakov


text:
Baadasssss!

Baadasssss! is a 2003 American biographical drama film, written, produced, directed by, and starring Mario Van Peebles. The film is based on the struggles of Van Peebles' father Melvin Van Peebles (played by Mario himself), as he attempts to film and distribute Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, a film that was widely credited with showing Hollywood that a viable African-American audience existed, and thus influencing the creation of the blaxploitation genre. The film also stars Joy Bryant, Nia Long, Ossie Davis, Paul Rodriguez, Rainn Wilson, and Terry Crews.

Cast

 * Mario Van Peebles as Melvin Van Peebles, Melvin (played by his real-life son, Mario), has recently found success with his film Watermelon Man. Although offered a three-picture contract by Columbia Pictures, Melvin is pushed by his agent, Howie Kaufman, to follow up with a comedy. Disgusted by the mainstream cinematic portrayal of African-Americans as either villains or comic relief, Melvin decides to make a film with "ghetto realism" to portray the Black community as he knows it. This is underscored in Sweetback's opening credits, with the line "Starring: The Black Community".
 * Melvin as himself also appears in a cameo.
 * Adam West as Bert, one of the first investors Melvin visits to finance his film; Melvin manages to get a meeting with this man through his friend Bill. The meeting at Bert's beach house goes well at first, with Bert commenting that Melvin's stubbornness is much like his own. Bert also marks it as an attribute that shows Melvin is different, with a vision that he will not compromise for the sake of following the status quo. Later on, though, Melvin decides not to go through with the business partnership when Bert uncovers himself and comes on to Melvin, inviting him to swim together.
 * David Alan Grier as Clyde Houston, Melvin, at first, has no idea how he will be able to produce his film without being shut down. Upon passing an adult theatre, he comes up with the idea to disguise the movie as a black porno, thereby enabling it to pass any scrutiny that would keep it from production. Sitting in on a movie, Melvin notices the name "Clyde Houston" repeatedly appears in the credits. Seeking him out, Melvin hires Clyde, another African-American in the film industry, to be his production manager. However, during production, due to mounting stress, Melvin fires Clyde.
 * Glenn Plummer as Angry Brother, at the casting call for the lead role of Sweetback, this character shows up and delivers the line with a major stutter. Although he is mocked by the other auditionees, Melvin embraces the man's stutter as "real" and casts him in another role. When the time comes to shoot the scene, though, the actor is shown to have taken speech classes, getting rid of his speech impediment. The situation is easily remedied, though, when Melvin takes the actor's gun from him. In his angered and flustered state, his stutter returns and the scene is shot without a problem.
 * John Singleton as "Detroit J"
 * Joy Bryant as Priscilla, Melvin's young, ambitious secretary. Every time she enters the room to notify Melvin or give him some important information, she turns it into an audition, promoting herself all the time to be in his movie. Although Melvin relents and gives her a role, she ends up turning down the part because her boyfriend does not approve. Although this proves to be a minor setback, it is Priscilla that recommends her boyfriend, Maurice, to Melvin to get his group Earth, Wind, & Fire, to do the music for the movie.
 * Karimah Westbrook as Ginnie, Melvin first meets Ginnie at a party hosted by Bill, and they sleep together. Although she appears to be minor at first, Melvin later calls her to be in the movie. After Priscilla quits, Melvin is desperate to cast Ginnie in an early scene of the movie. Although she initially believes it to be an erotic piece, threatening to leave the set and throwing another obstacle in Melvin's path, Melvin manages to convince her of its true purpose, to create something that portrays Blacks with an eye to reality instead of in a continually subservient role. After being convinced, along with some money upfront, Ginnie is convinced to star.
 * Khalil Kain as Maurice, Priscilla's Boyfriend, and a member of the (at-the-time) fledging R&B group Earth, Wind & Fire. His initial action is to restrict Priscilla from acting in the movie, but he, with his group, later create the soundtrack with Melvin. Their production is spurred on by a $500 check Melvin cuts them, even though it ends up bouncing when they try to cash it.
 * Khleo Thomas as Mario Van Peebles, young Mario has a role in the film as the child Sweetback.
 * Len Lesser as Manny Goldberg / Mort Goldberg, twin owners of one of two theaters that picks up Sweetback, they first plan to show it between two other films as part of a triple-feature. Melvin, wanting to impress upon them the film's importance, wagers two tailored suits in order to get them to show the movie by itself. Although this move may be seen as one of either supreme confidence or supreme desperation, it pays off, as the film garners much more attendance and revenue for the owners than they previously had.
 * Nia Long as Sandra, Melvin's girlfriend helps him manage his children throughout production. Although she has not grown up with such a clear view of the oppression faced by African-Americans of the time, she is still extremely supportive of Melvin's undertaking.
 * Ossie Davis as Granddad, Albeit a gruff figure, he too helps Melvin take care of his children and also appears in minor role.
 * Paul Rodriguez as Jose Garcia, Puerto Rican cameraman, Jose acts as a symbol of the unifying nature of not just the film, but its creation as well.
 * Penny Bae Bridges as Megan Van Peebles, one of Melvin's children, acting in a minor role in the film.
 * Rainn Wilson as Bill Harris, Melvin's friend who tries but fails to acquire financial backing for the film. Even though the film ends up being independently financed by Melvin himself, with the help of Bill Cosby, Bill stays on the crew to assist production.
 * Saul Rubinek as Howie Kaufman, Melvin's agent, Howie pushes Melvin to sign a contract with Columbia Pictures. Although Melvin does not end up doing so, Howie helps Melvin post-production in finding distributors for the film. Although Howie is his agent, he is far from being solely after money, as evidenced by the close relationship he has with Melvin's kids.
 * Terry Crews as "Big T", crew member that acts as sound assistant and security for the crew, Big T ends up being part of the group that is arrested by the cops for alleged theft. Although he almost leaves, threatening Melvin in the process, he is convinced to stay after an impassioned speech by Melvin that shows him the importance of the film to the community.
 * T. K. Carter as Bill Cosby, while not delivering a major number of lines, ends up loaning Melvin $50,000 to finish production, with the only stipulation being that he gets his money back. His contribution brings yet more emphasis on the film's recognized importance by all its cast and crew.
 * Cosby as himself also appears in a cameo.
 * Vincent Schiavelli as Jerry, Cinemation employee who initially manages to distribute Sweetback to two theaters across America.
 * Wesley Jonathan as "Panther", although seen leaving midway through a showing, he returns with 22 other members of the Black Panthers. Recognizing the revolutionary film to be of immense cultural substance, he helps bring crowds to the film, even though it stands on its own as opposed to being a part of a greater number of movies.

Reception
The film received mostly positive reviews. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times named it one of the best films of the year. Baadasssss! was nominated for several "best of" Independent Spirit and NAACP Image awards for 2005, including best feature, director, actor and screenplay. It was listed in the African-American Film Critics Association's top-ten films of 2004 and won best feature film at the 2004 Philadelphia Film Festival. However, the film ended up being a commercial failure, making less than $400,000 at the box office during its limited theatrical release. Leonard Maltin lists the movie in his book 151 Best Movies You've Never Seen and he writes "Mario Van Peebles has written, directed, and starred in a number of films over the years but this is his most personal piece of work-and I think his best."

Awards and nominations

 * 2004 Gijón International Film Festival
 * Best Feature – Mario Van Peebles (nominated)

 * 2004 Philadelphia Film Festival
 * Best Feature Film – Mario Van Peebles (winner)

 * 2005 Black Reel Awards
 * Best Actor, Drama – Mario Van Peebles (nominated)
 * Best Director – Mario Van Pebbles (winner)
 * Best Film, Drama (nominated)
 * Best Screenplay, Original or Adapted – Mario Van Peebles (winner)
 * Best Supporting Actress – Joy Bryant (nominated)

 * 20th Independent Spirit Awards
 * Best Director – Mario Van Peebles (nominated)
 * Best Feature – Mario Van Peebles (nominated)
 * Best Screenplay – Dennis Haggerty, Mario Van Peebles (nominated)

 * 36th NAACP Image Awards
 * Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture – Mario Van Peebles (nominated)
 * Outstanding Independent or Foreign Film (nominated)

Soundtrack
A soundtrack album was released by the label Barely Breaking Even.

title: Baadasssss!


text:
Fatima Mata National College

Fatima Mata National College is a college in the Indian state of Kerala, named after Our Lady of Fatima, a Catholic title of Virgin Mary. The college was ranked 92nd in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2022.

Rankings
In 2022, the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) placed Fatima Mata National College in the 92nd position among all colleges in India.

Motto
The school's motto is per matrem pro patria (through the mother for the fatherland).

History
The college was founded in 1951 by Jerome M. Fernandez Thuppasseril, the first native Bishop of Quilon. The college was formally inaugurated on December 29, 1952 by Norman Cardinal Gilroy, Papal Legate to India.

It was elevated to the status of a first grade college with the introduction of degree courses in Commerce, Economics and Zoology. This was followed by the introduction of courses in Botany, Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics. Physical resources were added in the form of hostels, sports pavilions, chemistry block, auditorium, playgrounds, an NCC office, a hockey stadium, a language lab, basketball courts, a botany garden, computer labs and research centres.

Principals

 * Msgr. Joseph Kureethadom, 1951–1952
 * Fr. Mathew Kottiath, 1952–1960, 1965–1969
 * Fr. C. M. George, 1960–1965
 * Msgr. A. J. Rozario, 1969–1984
 * Rev. Richard P. Fernandez, 1984–1988
 * Fr. (Bishop of Quilon 2001-2018) Stanley Roman, 1988–1996
 * Prof. K. Napoleon, 1996–1997
 * Dr. G. Henry, 1997–2004
 * Prof. C. K. Felix, 2004–2006
 * Dr. Sr. Soosamma Kavumpurath, 2006–2015
 * Dr. Vincent B. Netto, 2015–2021
 * Dr Jojo P.J., 2021-2022
 * Dr Cynthia.M.Catherine, 2022-

Managers

 * Msgr. Victor Fernandez, 1951–952
 * Msgr. Bernard D'cruz, 1952–1965
 * Msgr. Peter Thekkevilayil, 1965–1974
 * Fr. Alphonse Thundil, 1976–1984
 * Msgr. A. J. Rozario, 1984–2006
 * Fr. Anil Jose, 2006–2022
 * Fr. Abhilash Gregory, 2022–present

Timeline

 * 1961 Start of postgraduate courses in Botany and Commerce, followed by courses in Physics, Zoology, Economics, English, Psychology, Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Travel and Tourism Management, Malayalam, Mathematics.
 * 1966-1967 Open-access library and auditorium opened.
 * 1980 St. Joseph’s Guidance and Counselling Centre opened.
 * 1984 Centre for Research and Post Graduate Studies opened.
 * 1997–1998 Computer labs opened in the Departments of Mathematics and Commerce.
 * 1998 Upgrade of the Department of Zoology to a Research Centre, followed by the Department of Commerce the following year.
 * 1999 Language Laboratory for English and hockey stadium opened.
 * 2000 Golden Jubilee celebrations.
 * 2001 Accreditation by NAAC at Four Star level.
 * 2001–2002 The Institute of Distance Education degree courses started.
 * 2005–2006 The Departments of Economics and English were elevated to Research Centres.
 * 2007 NAAC Reaccreditation (B++).
 * 2013 NAAC reaccredited with “A” Grade.
 * 2019 Ranked 83 by NIRF.
 * 2020 NAAC Re-Accredited A Grade.

Notable alumni
Notable alumni include:
 * Justice Raja Vijayaraghavan V.
 * Eugene Pandala, Indian architect
 * Balachandra Menon, Actor, Director, Script writer, Lyricist, Producer and Lawyer
 * K. P. A. C. Sunny, Film Actor
 * Suresh Gopi (1980), Film actor, Television anchor, Former member of Rajya Sabha, Central Minister
 * N. K. Premachandran, Indian politician, Member of Parliament
 * James Albert, Indian scriptwriter
 * Chavara Parukutty Amma, Indian artist
 * Kundara Johnny, Indian actor
 * Chandni (Malayalam actress)
 * M B Suresh Babu, Olympian
 * Dr. A. V. George, Member, Kerala State Commission for Backward Classes (public service)
 * J. Alexander IAS, Former Chief Secretary to the Government of Karnataka
 * Akhil Maraar Writer, Director, Television reality show fame.

Popular culture
Masterpiece (2017 film) shooting took place in Fatima Mata National College, Kollam

title: Fatima Mata National College


text:
Talk:Tony Hoare

Knighthood
The article is not clear on whether the subject is KBE, MBE, CBE, &c. as per Order of the British Empire, which I think is an important detail to add. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.251.27.222 (talk) 04:58, 28 February 2009 (UTC)

Misattributed Quotation
The article said:

 * "We should forget about small efficiencies, say about 97% of the time: premature optimization is the root of all evil." (This quote has also been attributed to Donald E. Knuth and Robert Floyd.)

The quotation has been attributed to Knuth because it was written by Knuth. It appears in his article Structured Programming with GO TO Statements that appeared in ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 6, No. 4, December 1974, p. 268. A more complete version is:

 * There is no doubt that the grail of efficiency leads to   abuse.  Programmers waste enormous amounts of time thinking       about, or worrying about, the speed of noncritical parts of        their programs, and these attempts at efficiency actually have        a strong negative impact when debugging and maintenance are        considered.  We should forget about small efficiencies, say       about 97% of the time: premature optimization is the root of        all evil.

-- Dominus 14:27, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

On further investigation, I find that Knuth does attribute the "premature optimization" aphorism to Hoare. (Although not, obviously, the particular statement of it quoted above.) See Knuth's 1989 paper The Errors of TeX, section F:

 * (But I also knew, and forgot, Hoare's dictum that premature optimization is the root of all evil in programming.)

-- Dominus 02:03, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I don't know whether it's worth adding but we was just given an honorary degree by Queen Mary, University of London today.

GalaxiaGuy 4 July 2005 22:12 (UTC)

Most commonly-used algorithm?
The article claims:

 * [He] is a British computer scientist, probably best known for the development of Quicksort, the world's most widely used sorting algorithm, and perhaps even the world's most widely used algorithm of any kind, in 1960.

On what grounds is it "the world's most widely used algorithm of any kind"? Is it really more commonly used than, say, matrix multiplication, or floating point addition, etc? Neilc 05:04, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

You need to re-read the quotation. The author says "the world's most widely used SORTING algorithm," which is probably correct.

 * Apparently there was a crack in this person's screen, such that the end of the quotation was not visible. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.108.225.155 (talk) 02:17, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I'd be actually surprised if quicksort was the most-widely used sorting algorithm. In some cases it might be the best choice but there are other sorting algorithms (merge sort, heap sort) which in many aspects outscore quicksort.  Python and Java seem to rely on timsort (a mergesort variant) as their standard sorting algorithm, as mentioned [here].  Anyway, if this sentence is to stand (I guess I've criticised it enough), it should be backed up with some sources.  Alfe (talk) 16:18, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

Time in Russia
On the one occasion that I spoke to Tony he told me that the atmosphere changed dramatically after he the U-2 incident ... so that's why I've included that because it clearly affected him.

When I knew (of) him he was nearly 70 and attending the gym regularly ... he also wore a Panama hat ... Panama hat + public school + Classics at Oxbridge + Royal Navy national service + time spent in Russia + knighthood, I also asked him if he'd ever been approached to do espionage work, but he said he hadn't ... but I guess he would hardly have said yes if he had!

User:Lawrennd 29 July 2005

Date of Quicksort
The article claims that quicksort was invented in 1960. Here it is claimed it was in 1961: http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/4/391 Who are right ?

Pronunciation of name
The pronunciation of Hoare's name would make a nice addition to the article. 12.159.141.30 16:50, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Heh, yea. I always have been saying Car Whore in my mind128.61.171.50 (talk) 15:09, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

The pronunciation given in IPA (/hoʊɑːreɪ/) and in respelling (hoh-rah-ay) do not agree. If the IPA pronunciation is correct, the respelled pronunciation should be "hoh-ray". --ABehrens (talk) 19:27, 4 April 2024 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 05:53, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

"Root of all evil" quote
Hello, I placed some dubious tags around the note that says that the quote is due to Hoare. Although it is often attributed to Hoare, it is more often attributed to Knuth, and while there is evidence of Knuth having actually said it, there is none of Hoare having done so. I just spent the last hour or so trying to look it up; see. Suggestions? shreevatsa (talk) 00:32, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Talk:C._A._R._Hoare - Francis Tyers · 17:01, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I read the link. Sounds like it would make an interesting article in itself, Premature optimisation is the root of all evil perhaps? - Francis Tyers · 17:03, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Humorous poem
The following poem was in circulation amongst students of computer science in the UK in the mid 80s:

Charles Antony Richard Hoare All his books are such a bore The latest is the worst of his Communicating Sequential Processes — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.32.57.150 (talk) 21:34, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

Biography
What does this mean: "He remained an extra year at Oxford studying graduate-level statistics, and following his National Service in the Royal Navy (1956–1958)."? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.131.46.180 (talk) 19:58, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

Yes, indeed: It would be interesting to have more-detailed information about his postgraduate studies. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.135.222.16 (talk) 13:31, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Birthdate citation
The citation for his birthday is a broken link (it redirects to the page for that section of the newspaper). Does someone have a proper link or another source? --2607:4000:200:13:F24D:A2FF:FE0C:A99E (talk) 01:19, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Null-reference apology
We cannot cite Hoare's "apology" as-is in this article because that would indirectly imply that it is true, meaningful, and reasonable. However, that is not the case; it is simply not true that the null reference was introduced into software development or into computer science by Hoare. He exaggerated extremely when he made that claim.

Hoare claims that:

 * This [the invention of the null reference into ALGOL W] has led to innumerable errors, vulnerabilities, and system crashes, which have probably caused a billion dollars of pain and damage in the last forty years.

The problem with this claim is that (a) it says that Hoare not only introduced the null reference, but invented it, and that (b) it implies that basically the whole world had a look at ALGOL W and said "let's import this null concept from ALGOL W to everywhere else". However, both statements are not true, both historically and technically:

 * Yes, Hoare introduced the null reference into ALGOL W, which was an object-oriented language which does not necessarily require null references, and so his "blunder" was to introduce the null reference into ALGOL W without the explicit need to do so.
 * However, the null reference in ALGOL W was not an "invention" by Hoare or a "new concept". In fact, it was nothing but a number (in this case, 0) stored in a memory cell indicating the absence of a type instance, which was a concept that was already being used all over the place by all kinds of programming languages and people, simply because in the old days, you just had no other way to do it. Many programming languages back in the day were very primitive (e.g., Fortran), so you had to encode your semantics manually by mere numbers like 0 or -1.
 * Stronger type systems were being developed in order to overcome this low-level way of programming (using null references etc), not to introduce them. The whole point why Hoare and his colleagues were working on languages like ALGOL was to create stronger type systems where you did not have to encode everything with just numbers. Meaning: the concept of using 0, -1 etc to indicate absence was already there and in use, so Hoare didn't invent it.
 * Also, in later languages like C (which is neither an object-oriented nor an object-based language), the numbers 0 and -1 are traditionally used by the programmer (not the language itself!) to indicate the absence of meaningful data. This is not a nod to ALGOL W or Tony Hoare, but just the natural way to encode your program's state if you don't have a strong type system at hand.
 * Also, ALGOL W was never adopted by the software development world on a broad basis.

So, I can only speculate why Hoare had the deranged idea to have this talk where he says he personally is responsible for billions of dollars pain and damage. Be it as it may, I intend to remove this paragraph from the article. ʘχ (talk) 11:37, 10 March 2021 (UTC)

 * The idea (and name) of null was fundamental to Lisp, published in 1960, with which Hoare was almost certainly familiar.
 * I followed through on theta chi's threat and deleted the bald statement that Hoare invented the null pointer. Probably the quote should go, too, but it's fun so I left it, clearly marked as hyperbole. Mdmi (talk) 02:15, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

C A R Hoare or Tony Hoare
During undergradute studies, we were introduced to the inventor of QuickSort as C A R Hoare. Why is this page titled Tony Hoare? Is Tony is an alias? If yes, shouldn't the page be using his original name? HemaChandra88 (talk) 05:43, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

 * As long as the page is consistent about using Tony, I think we are good. His website uses Tony and I have personally heard Tony more often than C. A. R. I did add the name CAR to first sentence in response to your note in case that helps. Caleb Stanford (talk) 16:44, 25 November 2021 (UTC)
 * And in keeping with British tradition, he is regularly known as "Sir Tony". Mdmi (talk) 01:32, 26 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tony Hoare


text:
User:Anthony/Years

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 * 1999

title: User:Anthony/Years