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Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement

The Apostolic Movement of Schoenstatt (Schönstatt-Bewegung) is a Catholic Marian movement founded in Germany in 1914 by Fr Joseph Kentenich, who saw the movement as a means of spiritual renewal for the Catholic Church. The movement is named after the small locality of Schönstatt (which means "beautiful place") which is part of the town of Vallendar near Koblenz, in Germany.

As a movement of renewal within the Catholic Church, Schoenstatt works to revitalize the Church and society in the spirit of the Gospel. Its members seek to connect faith with daily life, especially through a deep love for Mary, the Mother of God, who helps, educates and guides them in becoming better followers of Christ. As an international movement, it has expanded to every continent and has members from all vocations and walks in life. It is a spiritual family whose many branches and communities join to form a single Schoenstatt Family.

History
The Schoenstatt Movement was founded in 1914, when Father Joseph Kentenich, the spiritual director in a Pallottine school in Vallendar, Germany, and a young group of seminarians sealed the "Covenant of Love" with the Virgin Mary in a small chapel, now known as the Original Schoenstatt Shrine. Father Kentenich was inspired in part by the success of Bartolo Longo in establishing the Marian shrine to Our Lady of the Rosary of Pompeii, and felt called to establish a new shrine in Schoenstatt, to "create a spirituality which would be adaptable to conditions of rapid changes in the modern world".

Throughout its early years, Schoenstatt began to grow as a retreat center for different groups. During World War I, many of the young seminarians, such as Joseph Engling, were put to the test when they were called to serve at the battlefronts. There, “the lives and testimonies of the young Schoenstatt members attracted more people from different states of life.”

During the 1930s, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Fr. Kentenich and other Schoenstatters, such as Fr. Franz Reinisch, criticized Nazism, and as a consequence the Schoenstatt Movement was registered as a threat to the Nazi-Regime. In 1941, Fr. Kentenich was arrested and sent to the Dachau concentration camp, where he began to expand Schoenstatt among the prisoners. He would remain there until 1945 when the concentration camp was liberated.Between 1947 and 1948, Fr. Kentenich visited South Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and the United States to help communities in these countries to build up Schoenstatt. During this time, Fr. Kentenich met thousands of people, many of whom would play important roles in the development of the Movement, such as the Chilean Mario Hiriart and the Brazilian deacon Don Joao de Pozzobon. In 1950, Pozzobon began the Pilgrim Mother Apostolate. He travelled thousands of miles on foot to evangelize in schools, prisons, hospitals, and homes.

In May 1949, Fr. Kentenich wrote a letter to the Church authorities in Germany, well known in Schoenstatt as "Epistola Perlonga". In this letter, Fr. Kentenich highlights the dangers that the Church faces due to some models of theological thinking which “separates the life of God from His creation and our Spirit of humanity.” The letter was considered offensive by German and Vatican Church authorities, and resulted in Fr. Kentenich's exile to Milwaukee (USA) for 14 years. According to the Schoenstatt Movement, “the Second Vatican Council opened a new vision of the Church which better understood the Work of Fr. Kentenich. In 1965, he was called to return to his native land and was fully rehabilitated by Pope Paul VI.” During the following three years, he was able to continue his work with Schoenstatt. He died on September 15, 1968. After the death of Father Kentenich, the Schoenstatt Movement “remained profoundly attached to the person of the Founder, working on the growth of creative loyalty to his mission and his charism, adapting itself to new cultural environments and historical challenges.”

Schoenstatt has continued to grow through the Movement's various apostolates, such as the Pilgrim Mother Apostolate, which has reached millions of people in many countries, social and educational actions around the world, the development of Federations, Leagues, and other groups for families, youth, and pilgrims, and the expansion of Schoenstatt shrines (207 at the present).

Mother Thrice Admirable
The picture of Mother Thrice Admirable (Mater ter Admirabilis in Latin) was donated by a teacher in 1915 to the Pallotine seminarians under the spiritual direction of Father Kentenich. It was painted in 1898 by Luigi Crosio under the title Refugium Peccatorum Madonna (Refuge of Sinners). It has since been called the Mother Thrice Admirable Madonna, a key symbol of the Schoenstatt movement.

Secular Institutes
These are organized on the international level. According to the official website, "The members of a Secular Institute oblige themselves to a permanent apostolate and to an established form of community," and they "belong to the form of Consecrated Life in the Church and are of 'Pontifical right'."There are six secular institutes in the Schoenstatt Movement:

 * Secular Institute of the Sisters of Mary
 * Secular Institute of the Brothers of Mary
 * Secular Institute of Schoenstatt Diocesan Priests
 * Secular Institute of Schoenstatt Fathers
 * Secular Institute of Ladies of Schoenstatt
 * Secular Institute of Families

Apostolic Federations
These are organized on the national level. According to the official website, "Members of the Federation oblige themselves to a permanent apostolic service and foster an established form of community. In the spirit of the evangelical counsels, they strive for perfection in keeping with their state in life."The following are the Apostolic Federations of the Schoenstatt Movement:

 * Men's Federation
 * Family Federation
 * Women's Federation
 * Mother's Federation
 * Priest's Federation

Apostolic Leagues
These are organized on the diocesan level. According to the official website, "Belonging to the League are people who, aspiring to sanctity, allow themselves to be educated by Schoenstatt and in this way make efforts to carry out an apostolic activity service in their lives". Pilgrims are also associated to the Schoenstatt Apostolic Leagues. While they do not incorporate themselves to a specific branch of the movement, they maintain regular contact with the shrine and the Apostolic Movement. The Apostolic League includes the following groups or branches:

 * Girl's Youth
 * Professional Women's League
 * Mother's League
 * Priest's League
 * Men's League
 * Boy's Youth
 * Family League
 * People and pilgrims

At the International Level

 * General Presidium - According to the official website, "The General Presidium represents the entire Apostolic Movement of Schoenstatt. In its relationship to the Holy See, the General Presidium is dependent on the Pontifical Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life, to which it periodically informs about the life and activities of the Apostolic Movement of Schoenstatt". As of January 2021, Father Juan Pablo Catoggio (Argentina) is the president of the General Presidium of the Schoenstatt Movement.
 * International Coordination of the Schoenstatt Movement - In addition to maintaining the Movement's official website and social media platforms, it collaborates in the unity of the Movement at the international level. Father Heinrich Walter (Germany) and Sister M. Cacilda Becker (Brazil) are the international coordinators of the Schoenstatt Movement.

At the National Level

 * National Presidium - It represents the Apostolic Movement before the Bishops' Conference of that country.
 * National Central Committee
 * Diocesan Councils

Schoenstatt Around the World
The Schoenstatt Movement is expanded in more than 110 countries. Some of those are:Argentina (20 shrines), Australia (3 shrines), Austria (1 shrine), Belgium, Bolivia (1 shrine), Brazil (23 shrines), Burundi (2 shrines), Canada, Chad, Chile (25 shrines), Colombia (2 shrines), Congo, Costa Rica (1 shrine), Croatia (2 shrines), Cuba, Czech Republic (1 shrine), Dominican Republic (2 shrines), Ecuador (4 shrines), El Salvador, France (1 shrine), Germany (56 shrines), Guatemala, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary (1 shrine), India (6 shrines), Italy (2), Lithuania, Luxemburg, Mexico (4 shrines), Nicaragua, Nigeria (1 shrine), Panama, Paraguay (3 shrines), Peru (2 shrines), Philippines (1 shrine), Poland (6 shrines), Portugal (4 shrines), Puerto Rico (4 shrines), Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa (5 shrines), Spain (3 shrines), Switzerland (7 shrines), Tanzania (1 shrine), United Kingdom (2 shrines), Uruguay (1 shrine), USA (10 shrines), Venezuela, Vietnam. 207 Schoenstatt Shrines have been built worldwide, providing a center for the Schoenstatt community in that region. According to the official website, "The Schoenstatt Shrine is one of the great places of pilgrimage of the Catholic Church with about 15 million people who regularly draw from its stream of graces". Schoenstatt also makes itself present through the Pilgrim Mother Campaign, which spans more than 110 countries in the world, with around 30 million members.

Spirituality
The central issues in the Schoenstatt Movement are the ideas based on that which Father Joseph Kentenich founded the movement in 1914, including Christian personality development, orientation toward ideals, and community."'[Schoenstatt] wishes to be understood as a universal vision, comprising time and eternity, this world and the next, the economic, social, ethical, political and religious needs of all people, including the dispossessed, the millions of masses. …It wants to help redeem the world not only from its earthly sufferings, but also from sin and from its alienation from God. It tries to do this under the guidance and in the school of Our Lady by applying the original principles of Christianity in a new way to restore the disturbed relationship between the individual person and society, the person and business, the person and technology, and the person and social advancement.' - Joseph Kentenich"

Marian Devotion
Since the founding in 1914, love for Mary has been at the heart of the Schoenstatt Movement and its spirituality. According to the official website, "Schoenstatt is deeply and devotedly Marian and has repeatedly experienced how the love of Mary opens new avenues to a vibrant relationship with Christ, to the Holy Spirit, and to God the Father, as well as a renewal of love of neighbor and self. [...] In the Schoenstatt Shrine, the Blessed Mother acts as mother and educator of all those who entrust themselves to her. She helps form the new person in the new community.""“An authentic Marian spirituality leads to a deep love for the Church.” - St. Pope John Paul II to the Schoenstatt Family (September 20, 1985) "

Shrine
It is Schoenstatt's conviction that the shrine is a place of grace and pilgrimage, "a certain place where God shows His presence and action in a special way, through Mary." Since the first Covenant of Love sealed by Father Kentenich and the founding members of Schoenstatt in 1914, millions of people have repeatedly observed that the shrine is a place of grace.

According to the official website, "Schoenstatt was founded in an act of invitation: The earthly partners offered their striving for sanctity, and the heavenly partner, Mary, was asked to come and actively dwell in the shrine as Mother and Educator. This is precisely what is known as the covenant of love upon which Schoenstatt was founded." What is now known as the Original Schoenstatt Shrine used to be a chapel devoted to St. Michael, near the Pallotine school where Father Kentenich served as spiritual director, in Vallendar, Germany. Since then, more than 200 "daughter shrines" - that is, exact replicas of the Original Shrine - have been built around the world. These shrines serve as the center of the Schoenstatt Movement in the community. From here, pilgrims and members of the Schoenstatt Movement receive the three graces of the shrine:

 * 1) The grace of a home - It's the "awareness of knowing that Mary totally accepts you and gives you a home in her heart and in her shrine."
 * 2) The grace of inner transformation - It is a "fruit of Mary’s intercession as mother and educator in the shrine, since she encourages us to become disciples of Christ, to interiorly transform and educate ourselves from within."
 * 3) The grace of apostolic fruitfulness - When a person feels "completely at home and knows they are totally accepted and deeply transformed [that is, they have received the first two graces of the Schoenstatt Shrine] they are able to be more fully effective as an instrument of God."

Covenant of Love
The Movement describes the Covenant of Love as "an act of consecration (as individual or community) to Mary as the Mother Thrice Admirable of Schoenstatt", and it is a recognized form of Marian consecration in the Catholic Church. For people who have sealed the Covenant of Love, this act of consecration brings about a deeper relationship with Mary, the Mother of God.

Schoenstatt's founding act in 1914 is the moment when Father Kentenich and the founding generation offered their striving for sanctity and asked Mary to come to dwell in their chapel, the Schoenstatt Shrine. It is from this original act that Schoenstatt's life, identity, and fruitfulness flow.

According to the official website, "Father Kentenich characterized Marian consecrations as a total and mutual exchange of hearts, goods, and interests. Through this exchange, one grows in love, in one’s overall spiritual life, and in the ability to fulfill one’s mission. In the Catholic experience, Mary has proven to be an outstanding consecration partner, leading persons, nations, communities, and generations to a deeper fervor of love and commitment to Christ and the Triune God."

Capital of Grace
The Catholic Church’s teaching on merits and "our possibility to cooperate in Christ’s work of salvation encourages us to actively strive for sanctity and make ourselves available for the building up of Christ’s Kingdom." In the Schoenstatt Movement, a unique way of expressing this is: contributions to the capital of grace. The Movement describes these contributions as stemming from the Covenant of Love with Mary, where members "consciously bring her our prayers, sacrifices, and striving for sanctity. We so-to-say turn over the merits of these good works to the MTA [Mother Thrice Admirable] for her mission in the service of Christ."

Everyday Sanctity
In Schoenstatt, the Christian vocation's call to holiness is understood as everyday (or workday) sanctity, meaning the integration of one's faith with every aspect of ordinary life.

The Schoenstatt Movement describes everyday sanctity as "doing one’s ordinary duties in an extraordinary way (ordinaria extraordinarie) or as fulfilling the duties of one’s state in life as perfectly as possible out of a total love for God." Father Kentenich developed its most comprehensive definition in 1932:"“Everyday sanctity is the God-pleasing harmony between wholehearted attachment to God, work, and fellow human beings in every circumstance of life.”""Everyday sanctity is therefore being attentive about not neglecting God because of the world, nor one’s family because of apostolate, nor one’s neighbor because of work, nor one’s duties in life because of God. [...] Everyday sanctity also seeks to integrate work, prayer, and suffering." In this context, Schoenstatt understands "work as a person’s share in the creative activity of God, prayer as a dialogue of love with God, and suffering as a crucial part of the Christian vocation."

Practical Faith in Divine Providence
In Schoenstatt, Practical Faith in Divine Providence is "a faith in God and His loving care that has been made part of practical everyday life", and it has the form of "a message of trust in God’s care, of a constant dialogue with the God of life and history, and of actively seeking God’s will."

In this practice of faith, one seeks God's message in every circumstance. Moreover, one seeks to live the covenant with God in an ongoing dialog of prayer and actions. In Schoenstatt, discerning God's voice involves "being attentive to the events around us, both on the large scale (Church and world) and on the small scale (personal and family life). One way of doing this is Schoenstatt’s method of meditation." "Fr Kentenich expressed it very well when he said that it was important to keep “an ear to the heart of God and a hand on the pulse of the times”. These are the two pillars of an authentic spiritual life. - Pope Francis addressing the Schoenstatt Fathers (September 3, 2015) "

Schoenstatt life
There are five aspects of the Schoenstatt Movement's life:

Church
As a movement of renewal within the Catholic Church, "it sees its main task as being to be close to the local and universal Church, in order to make the Church fruitful with its charism and at the same time allow itself to be fertilized by it". The Schoenstatt Movement works with parishes, dioceses, other communities, laity, couples and public officials.

Education/Pedagogy
One of Father Kentenich's major focuses in his work was pedagogy. He gave countless lectures to thousands of people, and retreats to families, priests, and other members of the Schoenstatt Movement. What is known today as Kentenich pedagogy "has been successfully applied in innumerable institutions, universities, life groups and religious communities, schools, homes, Children's Homes, families and companies", extending the Schoenstatt spirituality to broad areas of society.

Marriage and Family
Family life is essential to the Schoenstatt Movement's spirituality and pedagogy. Around the world, in the Family Institutes, Federations, and Leagues, the Movement holds various retreats, seminars, and meetings on topics related to marriage, education, and family, all of which are meant to cultivate family relationships. In the field of formation, the Schoenstatt Movement's aims are "to strengthen the development towards a mature personality, someone who lives their relationships with responsibility with the world around them. In short, it is about discovering, cultivating, and forming marriage as a vocation of life." "'Whatever you achieve for the benefit of the family will show its effectiveness beyond the family, and will work in many men and women and within society. The future of the world and of the Church depends on the family.' - Pope John Paul II to the Schoenstatt Movement"

Society
The Schoenstatt Movement is active in the areas concerning social commitment, such as "the development of local communities, prison and hospital ministry, business and work, helping abandoned children and children from low-income families, commitment to the sick, commitment to the elderly, commitment to immigrants." There are countless social projects organized by members of the Schoenstatt Movement (such as the Schoenstatt Fathers, Sisters of Mary, families, and volunteers) that are present worldwide and that seek to transmit "a social spirit, which consists of virtues such as respect, dignity, radiating love, peace, and joy, believing in the good of each person, in their mission, their dignity and their value as a child of God."

Youth
The Schoenstatt Movement "accompanies and guides young people to positively face the challenges they encounter in their everyday lives. [...] It offers them support, guidance, social networks, creative fields of action, a lived spirituality and a world of attachments. The youth use their physical, intellectual, and spiritual strengths in planning projects to promote improvements in their environment and in making them a reality". The Schoenstatt Youth organizes retreats and camps all over the world, celebrates religious festivals, pilgrimages, university, school and family missions, and commits itself in solidarity works.

Apostolic actions
The movement is involved in several apostolic actions, including missionary work, charity, education, and other projects. The most widespread activity is the Pilgrim Mother Campaign, now spanning more than 110 countries in the world, with around 30 million members.

Schoenstatt 100-year Jubilee
On 18 October 2014 the Apostolic Schoenstatt Movement celebrated 100 years of its founding. According to the official website of the 2014 Jubilee, "this jubilee is a thanksgiving for a richly blessed history. It marks the outpouring of the Schoenstatt Movement into a new era, guided by the grace of its beginnings, and can be summarized by the expression: covenant of love."

Around 12,000 pilgrims from 100 countries gathered in Schoenstatt, Germany for week-long celebrations and festivities. From there, members went on a pilgrimage to Rome, where they had a General Audience with Pope Francis on 25 October 2014. These celebrations and General Audience with the pope were streamed live to hundreds of thousands of people around the world who celebrated and gathered in their local Schoenstatt shrines.

Youth festival
In 2005, about four thousand young people from around the world – Germany, Poland, England, Italy, Uruguay, Argentine, Chile, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Africa, United States, etc. – gathered for almost a week in the Original Shrine in Schoenstatt, Vallendar, for the Schoenstatt Youth Festival prior to the World Youth Day in Cologne.

Schoenstatt Summer
After the success of the youth festival the prior year, it became obvious that there should be something to bring together each year the youth of the world, around the original shrine. During 2006, volunteers from Germany, Mexico, the United States, Poland, Puerto Rico, Chile, Argentina, Portugal, and Kenya, worked together to create a month-long program for young pilgrims from all over the world. This was the first of many Schoenstatt Summers. The Night of the Shrine was the conclusion of this month-long program. At midnight on 27 August, over 400 people gathered for Mass around the original shrine. Together with them, the youth of the world in more than 90 shrines, spread around five continents, celebrated this Mass at the same moment. Each shrine celebrated in their own way, according to the traditions of their country, this World Youth Mass.

Schoenstatt in the Vatican
Fr. Alexandre Awi Mello, Advisor to the Pontifical Commission for Latin America -CAL. Former Secretary of the Dicastery of Laity, Family and Life. He is a member of the Secular Institute of the Schoenstatt Fathers.

Members Proposed for Canonization
Servant of God Fr. Joseph Kentenich (1885–1968), German Founder of the Schoenstatt Movement.

Blessed Karl Leisner (1915–1945), German priest and martyr

He died of tuberculosis after being freed from the Dachau concentration camp. He has been declared a martyr and was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 23 June 1996.

Blessed Gerhard Hirschfelder (1907-1942), German priest and martyr

He was a vocal critic of Nazism, and therefore imprisoned by the Nazi-Regime in the Dachau concentration camp, where he encountered the Schoenstatt Movement. He died due to starvation and pneumonia in 1942.

Blessed Alois Andritzki (1914 - 1943) priest and martyr

He was a German diocesan priest. He was sent to the Dachau concentration camp for being critical of the Nazi regime. There he participated in the first group of Schoenstatt priests. When he fell ill, he was killed by lethal injection. He was beatified on 13 June 2011 by Benedict XVI.

Venerable Emilie Engel (1983-1955), German, Schoenstatt Sister of Mary

She was one of the first Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary, Institute founded in 1926. She suffered a traumatic childhood, and through her encounter with Schoenstatt and Father Kentenich, "her anxiety was transformed into peace and passion for a mission." She died in 1955 as a result of complications from a severe illness and disability that spanned decades.

Venerable Mario Hiriart (1931–1964), Chilean

He was a part of the Institute of the Brothers of Mary and dedicated his life to spiritual formation and to the growth of the Schoenstatt Movement. He died of terminal cancer at the age of 32.

Servant of God John Pozzobon (1904-1985), Brazilian deaconHe was the founder of the Pilgrim Mother Apostolate (also known as the Pilgrim Mother Campaign or Rosary Campaign). In 1950 he was entrusted with a replica of the Mater Ter Admirabilis picture, so that he could evangelize and pray the rosary with families. With this image of the Pilgrim Mother of Schoenstatt (weighing 25 lbs, or 11 kg), Don Joao Pozzobon visited schools, prisons, hospitals, and homes, travelling more than 87,000 miles (140,000 km) in his almost 40 years of apostolate. Copies of Pozzobon's pilgrim image were made, in a smaller size, and have now been used throughout the world to evangelize millions of people through what is now known as the Pilgrim Mother Apostolate.

Servant of God Joseph Engling (1898–1918), German

He was a young seminarian in the early Schoenstatt Movement and was sent to the battlefield during World War I. In Cambrai, France, he sacrificed himself for other soldiers to bring them food and was killed by a detonating grenade. In Schoenstatt, Joseph Engling is seen as being an example of "heroic sanctity". Servant of God Franz Reinisch (1903–1942), German priest and martyr

For refusing to take the oath of allegiance to Hitler, Fr. Franz Reinisch, a Schoenstatt priest, was executed by beheading by the Nazi regime.

Servant of God Gertrud von Bullion (1891-1930), German

She visited Schoenstatt in 1919 and in December 1920 sealed her consecration. This act is considered the foundation of the Women's Federation and the beginning of the women's communities in Schoenstatt. In 1921 she became ill with tuberculosis, which led to her death in 1930. In 1929 she had offered her life for the fruitfulness of the Movement.

Servant of God Fr. Hernán Alessandri Morandé (1935-2007), Chilean priest

In 1983, he founded the María Ayuda Charitable Corporation, which took care of abandoned children in the streets. The María Ayuda Corporation currently has "20 social programs throughout the country, where around 1700 children and adolescents who have suffered violations of their rights are sheltered."

Bishops of the Schoenstatt Movement
Cardinal Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Archbishop of Santiago from 1998 to 2010. He has been a cardinal since 2001, was a member of Pope Francis' Council of Cardinal Advisers from its creation in 2013 until 2018, and was president of CELAM, Latin American Bishops Council, from 2003 to 2007. He was president of the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American Bishops Council in Aparecida, Brazil, from 13 to 31 May 2007. He is a member of the Secular Institute of Schoenstatt Fathers.

Archbishop Ignazio Sanna, President Emeritus of the Pontifical Academy of Theology. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Institute of Diocesan Priests. He was president of the Academy from June 3, 2019 to August 6, 2022. Archbishop Robert Zollitsch, Archbishop of Freiburg im Breisgau from 2003 to 2013, Chairman of the German Episcopal Conference from 2008 to 2014. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Institute of Diocesan Priests.

Bishop Michael Gerber, Bishop of Fulda, Germany. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Institute of Diocesan Priests.

Bishop Rafael Bernaski, Bishop of Blumenau, Brazil. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Federation of Priests.

Bishop Francisco Pistilli Scorzara, Bishop of Encarnación, Paraguay. He is a member of the Secular Institute of Schoenstatt Fathers.

Bishop Andrés Napoleón Romero Cárdenas, Bishop of Barahona, Dominican Republic. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Institute of Diocesan Priests.

Bishop Reinaldo Nann, former Bishop of Caravelí, Peru. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Institute of Diocesan Priests.

Bishop Nicolas Nadji Bab, Bishop of Lai, Chad. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Federation of Priests.

Bishop Giovani Edgar Arana, Bishop of El Alto, Bolivia. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Federation of Priests.

Bishop Ramón Benito Ángeles Fernández, Auxiliary Bishop of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Institute of Diocesan Priests.

Bishop Manuel Camilo Vial Risopatrón, Bishop of Temuco, Chile, from 2001 to 2013. He is a member of the Secular Institute of Schoenstatt Fathers.

Bishop Jorge González, Auxiliary Bishop of La Plata, Argentina. He is member of the Schoenstatt Federation of Priests.

Bishop Claudio Giménez, Bishop Emeritus of Caacupé, Paraguay, was twice president of the Conference of Bishops of Paraguay. He is a member of the Secular Institute of Schoenstatt Fathers.

Bishop Basilio Mamani Quispe, Auxiliary Bishop of La Paz, Bolivia. He is member of the Schoenstatt Federation of Priests.

Bishop Dr. Fausto Ramón Mejía Vallejo, Bishop Emeritus of San Francisco de Macorís, Dominican Republic. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Institute of Diocesan Priests.

Bishop Ernesto Fernández, Auxiliary Bishop of Rosario, Argentina. He is a member of the Schoenstatt Institute of Diocesan Priests.

Schoenstatt Shrines by country
The Schoenstatt Shrine is the center of a Schoenstatt community in a certain region (there are 207 around the world). Additionally, Schoenstatt's Pilgrim Mother Apostolate has reached millions of people around the world. Some countries where the Schoenstatt Movement is present:

title: Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement


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Cheju Halla University

Cheju Halla University is a private university in Jeju City, the principal city of South Korea's island province of Jeju Province. Originally established as a nursing school, it retains a strong emphasis on medicine, although academic programs in many other fields are now offered.

History
The school began its existence in 1966 as Jeju Nursing School (제주간호학교), a three-year technical institution. It became Jeju Technical College of Nursing in 1979, Halla Technical College in 1991, and took on its present name in 1998.

2000–

 * 2013
 * Approved for operating bachelor's degree courses and Associate of Arts degree courses simultaneously for the first time in Korea.
 * 2012
 * Designated as an institution evaluation certified university (Korea Council for University College Education)
 * Designated as a Superior College for Education Capacity Strengthening Project 5 years in a row (The ministry of Education, Science, and Technology)
 * Designated as a LINC (Leaders in INdustry-university Cooperation) (The ministry of Education, Science, and Technology)
 * 2011
 * Designated as a central university for lifelong education in relation to 2011 university lifelong education activation support project (National Institute for Lifelong Education)
 * Leading college production project in overseas students Education collaborating with international industrial bodies (The ministry of Education, Science, and Technology)
 * Designated for WCC (World Class College)
 * Changed name as Cheju Halla University
 * Approved for establishing 4 year Bachelors Course in the dept. of Nursing
 * 2010
 * overseas employment agreement with Shiga Koken Hotel Association, Japan
 * An employment agreement with Jeju Tourism Organization
 * Selected as Outstanding College by the Korea Foundation for the Promotion of Private Schools
 * Host to the Jeju Free International City Cultural Tourism Academic Symposium
 * 2008
 * Operation of joint education program with Nursing School at Newcastle University, Australia
 * 2008 Excellent College for Graduate Employment Award (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology)
 * Approval for operation of bachelor's degree programs - Dept. of Tourism and Dept. of Computers and Communications Technology
 * Selected for support in providing suitable employment for graduating female students (Ministry of Gender Equality and Family)
 * Selected as the 2009 Best Career Support College (Ministry of Labor)
 * A MOU with Swiss School of Tourism and Hospitality (SSTH) to provide dual-degree program
 * A MOU with the University of Chichester to provide a collaborative education program and a dual degree program
 * 2005
 * Support for program of restructuring academic curriculum for IT majors (Ministry of Information and Communication)
 * Extension of program for supporting cultural-content organizations (Ministry of Culture and Tourism)
 * Sponsor college for New University for Regional Innovation (NURI) program (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * Sponsor college for Regional Innovation System (RIS) (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy)
 * Specialized College in Generating Student Potential in Digital Content Award (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy)
 * 2003
 * Special recognition for practicing 'simulation learning system' to enhance student capability in nursing and public health (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * Special recognition for nurturing experienced and professional human resources through the 'Problem Based Learning' (PBL) method (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * Award for Industry-Demand Structured Education System (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * Special recognition for excellence in hosting vocational high school open contests (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * 2002
 * Special recognition for the Problem Based Learning method (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * Excellent College for Industry-Demand Education Award (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * Award for Excellence in Hosting Vocational High School Open Contests (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * 2001
 * Special recognition for adoption of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method (Ministry of Education and Human Resources)
 * 2000
 * Establishment of Emergency Medicine Education Center and Excellent Management Award (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * 1999
 * Culinary Arts Department receives Excellence in Specialization Award (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * International Tourism Education Award (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * 1998
 * School name changed to Cheju Halla College
 * Nursing and Health Care Personnel Education Award (Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development)
 * 1991
 * School name changed to Halla Junior College
 * 1985
 * Campus moves to 1534 Nohyeong-dong, Cheju City
 * 1982
 * Ownership transferred to Halla Foundation
 * 1972
 * Government Authorization for Cheju Nursing Junior College Cheju Nursing Junior College opened
 * 1973
 * Cheju Nursing Academy opened
 * 1969
 * Government authorization for the establishment of a Public Junior Nursing Academy

Departments
School of Nursing

School of Health Sciences

International School of Tourism & Hospitality

School of Social Welfare

School of Information Technology & Architecture

School of Equine Science

School of Arts

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cheju Halla University


text:
Changshin University

Changshin University is a private Christian university located in Changwon City, South Gyeongsang province, near the southern coast of South Korea. It employs about 60 instructors on two campuses. Graduating classes number around 2,000.

Academics
The school's academic departments are divided into four divisions: engineering, artistic training, social science, and natural science.

History
The school opened as Chang Shin Technical College (창신전문대학) in 1991, with a legal maximum intake of 480. The second campus was opened in 2003. It was acquired by Booyoung Group on August 1, 2019. In 2020 it offered freshman full one year scholarships to attract students in a period with falling enrollment numbers.

Sister schools
The college's first international sisterhood relationship was established in 1993 with Germany's Berlin University of Applied Science and Technology. Since then, additional relationships have been forged with China's Minzu University and Yanbian University of Science and Technology, America's Illinois State University and Biola University, the Philippine University of the Philippines, Yugoslavia's Megatrend University, Russia's Amur State University, Switzerland's Winterthur University, and Australia's University of Newcastle. At any given time, between 30 and 40 students from Changshin University are studying at these institutions, and a similar number of foreign students are studying at Chang Shin.

title: Changshin University


text:
Jeju National University

Jeju National University is one of ten Flagship Korean National Universities. founded in 1952 in Jeju City, the provincial capital of Jeju, South Korea. In 2008 Cheju National University and the Jeju National University of Education merged into Jeju National University. The Naewat-dang shamanic paintings are preserved there.

History
In 1952, Cheju Provincial Junior College was founded, and became a four-year college in 1955. It became Cheju National College in 1962, with faculties of law and science. The graduate school was established in 1979, and the college received university status in 1982.

Academics
The university's diverse undergraduate offerings are divided among 12 colleges: the College of Art & Design, the College of Humanities, College of Law & Political Science, College of Economics & Commerce, College of Education, College of Applied Life Sciences, College of Ocean Science, College of Natural Sciences, College of Engineering, College of Medicine, Teachers College, and College of Veterinary Medicine. There are 6 graduate schools: Graduate School, Graduate School of Education, Graduate School of Business Administration, Graduate School of Public Administration, Graduate School of Industry, and Graduate School of Social Education. There are 3 professional graduate schools: Graduate School of Interpretation, School of Medicine, and Law School.

Sister schools
The university has academic exchange relationships with 83 universities in 16 countries. The largest number of these are Chinese and Japanese. In addition, relationships have been established with 12 American Universities, 4 Russian Universities, France's Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University and University of Rouen, Germany's Bonn University and University of Tübingen, Canada's George Brown College England's University of Manchester, Norway's University of Oslo, Australia's University of Tasmania and School of Horticulture University of Western Sydney, Chile's Austral University of Chile, India's University of Delhi, 5 Taiwanese Universities, Vietnam's Can Tho University, Thailand's Chulalongkorn University and Burapha University, and Mongolia's National University of Mongolia and Ulaanbaatar University.

Notable people

 * Go Doo-shim, actress

title: Jeju National University


text:
Korea Polytechnic VII Changwon

Changwon Polytechnic College provides technical training to students in Changwon, southeast South Korea. The school employs 52 professors as of 2004, and has an enrollment of 3,850 in various technical courses.

Academics
The academics are divided into technician courses, master craftsmen courses, and vocational training/continuing education classes. Academic departments include the Department of Computer-Aided Machinery, Department of Mechatronics, Department of Automation Systems, Department of Computer-Aided Die and Mold, Department of Automotive Electronics, Department of Materials, Department of Automation of Plant Facilities, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Electricity, and Department of Electronics.

History
The school was first established in 1977. At that time it was under the management of the Ministry of Science and Technology; it was transferred to the Ministry of Labor in 1982. In 1998, the school was placed under the aegis of the Korea Foundation of Polytechnic Colleges, which manages polytechnic schools throughout the nation.

Under the KPFC, the school was renamed Changwon Polytechnic College, and continued to expand its offerings. The Institute of Continuing Education was opened in 2000, and the Business Incubation Center in the following year.

title: Korea Polytechnic VII Changwon


text:
Mikaël Silvestre

Mikaël Samy Silvestre (born 9 August 1977) is a French former professional footballer who played as a defender. He is best known for a nine-year spell at Manchester United, with whom he won numerous Premier League titles, the FA Cup, the Football League Cup, two FA Community Shields, the Intercontinental Cup and the UEFA Champions League.

Silvestre began his career at Rennes in 1996, before moving to Italian club Inter Milan in 1998. He joined Manchester United in 1999, where he won multiple Premier League titles and the UEFA Champions League in his final season at the club in 2008. He then joined Arsenal, followed by a move to German side Werder Bremen two years later. After a further two years in Germany, he moved to the United States to play for Portland Timbers in Major League Soccer, before signing for Indian Super League side Chennaiyin in 2014, where he retired at the end of the season.

Silvestre has also played for the France national team, earning 40 caps between 2001 and 2006. He was part of the France team that won the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2001 and 2003. Silvestre also represented his country at UEFA Euro 2004, as well as two FIFA World Cups in 2002 and 2006, winning a runners-up medal at the latter.

Early life
Silvestre was born in Chambray-lès-Tours, Indre-et-Loire.

Early career
Silvestre started playing football with the Rennes Football Academy in Brittany and began his league career with the French club in the 1995–96 season. His time at the club helped build his reputation, and in the 1997–98 season was signed by Inter Milan. He made 31 appearances for Inter in Serie A, Coppa Italia and in the UEFA Champions League.

Manchester United
Despite an approach from Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier, Silvestre signed for Manchester United for £4 million on 10 September 1999, and made his debut against Liverpool at Anfield the next day. In his first season at Manchester United he replaced an injured Ronny Johnsen in the centre of defence with Jaap Stam; By the 2001–02 season, Silvestre had established himself in defence ahead of the veteran Denis Irwin, and was proving to be adept both in defence and in getting forward at left back. He set up numerous goals for Ruud van Nistelrooy, notably away to Deportivo de La Coruña in a 2–0 towards the end of the season.

During the next season he carried on initially where he left off at the left of Manchester United's back four, but following injury to Rio Ferdinand and the poor performance of an ageing Laurent Blanc, he was switched to his favoured position of central defence. This first happened at half-time in the UEFA Champions League match away in Basel on 26 November 2002 when the team were 1–0 down and struggling with a young John O'Shea looking shaky at the heart of the defence. Silvestre and O'Shea were switched for the second half and the team immediately looked more solid defensively. From this point Silvestre forged a successful partnership mid-season with Wes Brown at the heart of the defence until Ferdinand's return, looking calm and assured. Using his pace to good effect, while continuing to provide goals with his accurate diagonal balls.

The beginning of the 2003–04 season saw Silvestre paired with Ferdinand in the centre of the team's defence. However, this was cut short following Ferdinand's eight-month ban for missing a drug test. In the latter half of this season when being paired with an unfit Wes Brown, Manchester United's defence proved to be rather less secure and both Brown and Silvestre were at fault for numerous goals and despite winning the FA Cup with a 3–0 victory over Millwall, this uncertainty at the heart of the defence was to continue into the start of the 2004–05 season.

Competition for places grew significantly during the January transfer window in 2006 with the signings of Nemanja Vidić and Patrice Evra. Although both struggled to adapt initially, both went on to establish themselves as firm fan favourites and key members of the Manchester United squad. Following the partnership of Vidić and Ferdinand at the heart of the defence, and Evra's holding of the left-back position, Silvestre found it more difficult to secure a place in the Manchester United starting line-up. However, his form improved toward the end of the season. He admitted that he was given the option to leave during the January transfer window during 2006, with an opportunity to join former Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier at Lyon. He did however decide to stay and fight for his place at United.

On 11 August 2006, his loyalty to the club was rewarded with a new contract extending his stay at the club until at least 2009. Alex Ferguson commented: "Mikael has been an important member of the squad for seven years now. His experience at the Club will help the younger players as they develop and he has a central role to play in the first team."

He started the 2006–07 season against Watford, scoring a goal, his first away goal for United, to give United the lead. He was starting to reassert himself in the left-back role when he broke a metatarsal in a 1–0 defeat to Arsenal. After recovering and playing several games, he dislocated his shoulder in a Champions League win against Lille OSC, meaning he was unable to play for the rest of the season. He did, however, win his fourth Premier League winner's medal that season as United won the league for the first time since 2003.

With Gabriel Heinze moving to Real Madrid, Silvestre was set to battle Evra for the starting left-back spot in the first eleven at Manchester United in the 2007–08 season. On 15 September, however, Silvestre was stretchered off with knee ligament damage that would rule him out for the rest of the season. On 24 September, Ferguson revealed that: "I'm sure Mikael will be back in March." He also said, "we had him operated on in France last week and it all went well. It was pleasing to see there was no further damage other than the cruciate ligament. That's a big bonus because sometimes there can be cartilage problems that also come along."

On 20 March, Silvestre made his comeback in the Manchester United reserves in a 4–1 win over Manchester City.

On 9 April 2008, Silvestre made his first start for seven months in a Champions League quarter-final match versus Roma.

A transfer to Bordeaux was mooted in the summer of 2008. However, it is believed that Silvestre turned the transfer down to see out the remaining year of his contract, and potentially receive a testimonial match at the end of the 2008–09 season. He received an offer to join Manchester City from manager Mark Hughes and was set to join them; however, during the medical examination, Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger called to offer Silvestre a transfer to his club. Given the strong French presence at Arsenal, the rivalry between Manchester United and Manchester City, and the fact that Manchester City were not yet a force in English football, Silvestre opted to join the London club.

Arsenal
The transfer to Arsenal was completed for an undisclosed fee on 20 August 2008, with Silvestre signing a two-year contract. The transfer made Silvestre the first player to transfer directly between Manchester United and Arsenal since Viv Anderson (who moved in the opposite direction) in 1987, and the first player to move from United to Arsenal since Brian Kidd in 1974. He was given the number 18 shirt, last worn by Pascal Cygan.

Silvestre made his debut for the club in a 3–1 victory over Everton on 18 October 2008, his 250th game in English football. In his first Champions League game for Arsenal, against Turkish side Fenerbahçe, he scored an own goal as Arsenal won 5–2. His first Premiership goal for Arsenal came against Tottenham Hotspur on 29 October 2008 in a 4-4 draw. On 8 November 2008, Silvestre played his first game against former side Manchester United, in a fixture that Arsenal eventually won 2–1. Silvestre was as well part of the squad, where he played in the first leg, for Arsenal's 2009 Champions League semi final also against that of Manchester United.

Werder Bremen
After the 2009–10 season, Silvestre was released by Arsenal and became a free agent. He reportedly had offers from Fulham and Kayserispor, but instead signed for Werder Bremen. He managed to score his first goal for Bremen, in a magnificent shot which Bremen won against Bundesliga Champions Borussia Dortmund 2–0. By the end of the season, he made 26 league appearances, scoring a single league goal. He was released at the end of the 2011–12 season. He was offered a trial at English club West Ham United in September 2012. In October 2012, Silvestre began training with his former club, Manchester United, in order to maintain his fitness in the hope of finding a new club. Since then, he received an offer from Indian club Dodsal F.C., with a view to joining them in time for their new season in January 2013.

Portland Timbers
Silvestre spent time on trial with MLS side Portland Timbers ahead of the 2013 MLS campaign, and then moved to trial with fellow Cascadia region MLS side Seattle Sounders FC. The Timbers obtained Silvestre's MLS discovery rights from the Sounders in exchange for a first-round pick in the 2014 MLS Supplemental Draft and a conditional 2015 draft pick. On 19 February 2013 it was announced that Silvestre had signed a two-year deal with Portland.

On 2 May 2013 Silvestre tore his left anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in a game against the New England Revolution. He missed the rest of the season. Silvestre subsequently had surgery to repair the damage. Despite his injury, Silvestre remained a vocal and engaged member of the team off the field and on social media.

Silvestre was released by Portland on 28 January 2014.

Chennaiyin
On 20 September 2014, Silvestre joined newly formed Indian Super League side Chennaiyin for four months and his signing was confirmed through Prashant Agarwal CEO of Kshatriya Sports, who confirmed that Silvestre signed the contract for the season for more than $500,000 (USD). He started in their first match on 15 October 2014, a 2–1 victory at FC Goa.

At the end of the season, after playing 14 games for Chennaiyin, Silvestre announced that would be exploring options to extend his playing career in the Middle-East and if not, he would continue working on his coaching badges, meaning that his time at Chennaiyin was over.

International career
Silvestre was previously a member of French junior team at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship. He earned his first senior cap for France on 27 February 2001 in a friendly against Germany that ended in a 1–0 win. He won the Confederations Cup both in 2001 and 2003 with France.

Silvestre also played one game in the French squad that made the final of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, but did not play again for the national team after the tournament. He was recalled to the squad by Raymond Domenech for the 19 November 2008 friendly against Uruguay, but was an unused substitute. Raymond Domenech said he was in contention for a place at the 2010 World Cup, but he did not get a place. Silvestre was in the squad for a friendly against Romania in 2011, but again was an unused substitute.

Style of play
A versatile defender, Silvestre was capable of playing both as a left-sided full-back and as a centre-back. He was mainly known for his pace and stamina, although he also possessed good distribution and was known for being comfortable on the ball.

After retirement
Upon retiring, Silvestre took up a director of football role with former club Rennes in July 2015. He left by mutual consent on 22 December 2016. On 15 December 2021, backed by esports organisation Galaxy Racer, Silvestre launched Talent Lyfe, an agency to represent athletes and young talent in sports.

Personal life
Silvestre's father, Franck, is from Guadeloupe.

International

 * Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Silvestre goal.

Honours
Manchester United
 * Premier League: 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07
 * FA Cup: 2003–04
 * Football League Cup: 2005–06
 * FA Community Shield: 2003, 2007
 * UEFA Champions League: 2007–08
 * Intercontinental Cup: 1999

France
 * FIFA Confederations Cup: 2001, 2003
 * FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2006

title: Mikaël Silvestre


text:
Changwon National University

Changwon National University (CNU) is a public institution of higher education located in Changwon,  Gyeongsangn-do, South Korea.

History
Initially opening as the Masan College of Education on March 21st, 1969, the University moved to its current location in 1983 and changed its name to Changwon University in 1985. In 1991, it gained its accreditation as a public university.
 * On November 2, 1999, CNU established the first Graduate School of Labor Studies among national universities.
 * On August 18, 1999, it received ISO 9001 certification for undergraduate administration, a first among universities in South Korea.
 * On June 18, 2004, the university was selected to participate in the New University for Regional Innovation (NURI) Project.
 * On October 5, 2005, it received the Presidential Award at the Korea Regional Innovation Convention & Expo.
 * On February 24, 2006, the university was recognized as an excellent institution by the Employment Support Reinforcement Program.
 * On September 2, 2011, it was chosen as an Engineering Research Center (ERC) by the Leading Research Center Support Project.
 * On April 18, 2017, the university was included in the Leaders in Industry-University Cooperation (LINC+) Project.
 * On March 1, 2019, it was selected for the University Innovation Project.
 * On April 28, 2020, the university was chosen for the Smart Manufacturing Human Resource Education Project.

Korean Language School
Korean Language School (KLS) is a language school under the Institute of International Affairs and Education at CWNU.

title: Changwon National University


text:
Jorge Benítez (Argentine footballer)

Jorge José Benítez (born 3 June 1950 in Gobernador Castro, Buenos Aires Province) is an Argentine former football player and coach.

Nicknamed El Chino ("The Chinese"), Benítez started his career in Racing Club in 1969; in 1973 he was transferred to Boca Juniors, where he stayed until retirement in 1983. A gifted midfielder, he played 305 league matches and scored 40 goals for Boca, being instrumental in achieving the Metropolitano title in 1976 and 1981, the Nacional in 1976, the Copa Libertadores in 1977 and 1978 and the European/South American Cup in 1977.

Since he shared Boca's midfield with talented players such as Trobbiani, Suñé, Potente, Ribolzi, Berta, Zanabria, Brindisi, and Maradona, his place in the team was often compromised.

After retirement, Benítez worked as junior division coach in Boca Juniors, and was offered the post of main coach in November 2004 upon the resignation of (former teammate) Brindisi due to poor results.

Benítez's first achievement was to stabilize the team's performance, and indeed it went on to win the 2004 Copa Sudamericana. As a result, the board of directors was convinced that he was the right man for the job, and extended the term of his contract, instead of going for a big-name coach.

On 15 July 2005, Benítez was sacked from Boca Juniors, following a poor performance by the team in the Copa Libertadores, and an incident in the quarterfinals match against Chivas de Guadalajara. A review of tape showed the manager spitting at Chivas player Adolfo Bautista. After being sacked, Benítez sought out Bautista to personally apologize by flying to a Chivas practice at Guadalajara. The apology was accepted but a personal meeting was rejected. Boca then proceeded to hire former national team coach Alfio Basile for the post.

title: Jorge Benítez (Argentine footballer)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Do They Know It's Christmas?/archive1

Do They Know It's Christmas?
There's quite a bit of depth to this article, and what better time of year to have a Featured Article with a Christmas subject? --Modemac 16:54, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Object. No references. Almost half the article is just a list; the other half is decent but hardly inspiring, considering we have longer non-featured song articles on arguably more trivial subjects (i.e. From Me To You). Johnleemk | Talk 17:02, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * This is an objection too. I realize that this year is a 20th anniversary and all, but the refs thing would help to help support some of the assertions (Western bias, Geldof's motivation, recording story, etc.). I know that there were documentaries and stuff at the time, maybe someone can dig this material up and have it in shape for next year. iMeowbot~Mw 18:51, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Object for the moment - this article and Band Aid (band) are largely redundant and should probably be merged - David Gerard 14:13, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Colocation centre

re?
Fix the title to English English, please. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.42.219.8 (talk) 23:15, 24 September 2011 (UTC)

 * It is my understanding that WP policy is that we leave Britishisms as found, so as not to get into revert wars over language usage -- unless the topic of the article is clearly very strongly inclined towards a specific side of the Atlantic; articles about British Royalty, frex. --Baylink (talk) 17:44, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Spelling?
shouldn't this be spelled "collocation" ?

 * I've seen the phrase "co-location center" used, too, but neither this nor that is more popular than "colocation center". While we're at it, google finds more results for the American spelling, which is probably because the US market is larger. --Joy [shallot]   21:05, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Overall content
I'm not sure this article is headed in the right direction, honestly. It's correct WRT things which really *are* carrier hotels, but there are lots of colo sites that are not: they're merely datacenters built with one or more uplinks wherein a webhosting facility (usually) rents out rack space to customers who want to manage their own boxes.

Any thoughts on that, folks? --Baylink 21:17, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Having heard nothing; I rewrote to take "most colos are carrier hotels" out, since it doesn't reflect the market as I can examine it. --Baylink (talk) 17:43, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Equivalent to telehousing facility
Is Telehousing facility equivalant to Colocation centre or is there a difference, if there is what is it, if there isnt then it should probably be mentioned in the article. Htaccess 01:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

GlassFibre ring?
Can someone who knows what a glassfibre ring is, either make a subsequent page or add it to the reference in this article. Or remove the reference. Thanks, Moitio (talk) 20:16, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Yes, what exactly is a GlassFibre Ring? Google yields nothing and I think it might be a made up term or a bastardization of Fibre Optic and network ring. Omicron91 (talk) 18:18, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Title/terminology
I don't know about anyone else, but I don't really like the term colocation facility for a Telehouse-style facility (which I think is what this article intends to be about). Colocated essentially means in the same location as. You colocate your server with your ISP when you install it in your ISP's location.

But, logically, a colocation facility is a facility where you can put things, which will then be in the same location as, well, other things in that facility. It seems pretty much utterly meaningless as a term.

Carrier hotel - well, I confess I don't really know what one is - it's not a term I'm used to hearing that often. Maybe it's just a US thing?

Personally I'd refer to Telehouse et al as a carrier-neutral datacentre. Datacentre should be obvious, and carrier-neutral because telecommunications services (mainly, but not necessarily entirely, Internet services) are provided by any carrier that chooses to offer services there, rather than by the datacentre operator itself or by carrier(s) who have a concession from the operator.

However, I guess this might be a little contentious for me to go a-renaming :-)

What do other people think?

Roy Badami 23:01, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Further thoughts

On the other hand, Colocation redirects here, and I'm not sure that makes sense, regardless of what this article is (or thinks it should be) about.

I think maybe it should be split into an article on Colocation and an article on carrier-neutral datacentres

Roy Badami 23:08, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Companies in the States are increasingly utilizing the higher ROI of a colo than burdening themselves with the
 * overhead of an internal datacenter. There are different levels of service with a colo that range from "Full"
 * to "None", where "Full" means they handle everything: They have the technicians that will monitor, update/patch
 * software, upgrade/replace hardware, etc. They assume responsibility for the security of
 * your data, guarantee 99.99% availability, perform backups, etc. That level of service is very expensive, but for
 * a small/medium sized company that wants the advantages of being on the web, but doesn't have the budget for the
 * expertise or monitoring it requires, it is the perfect solution. Often, companies will use them for their
 * customer facing, critical and/or production servers, and keep the rest of the equipment in their data center.
 * I do know that a telecommunications flavor of colo exists as well, but it hasn't experienced near the popularity
 * seen by the datacenter variety.
 * I have never heard the term "carrier-neutral datacentres" here. If one were to describe one to, say, a Network
 * Admin in Texas, that tech would likely respond, "You mean, a colo?".
 * I have never heard the term "carrier-neutral datacentres" here. If one were to describe one to, say, a Network
 * Admin in Texas, that tech would likely respond, "You mean, a colo?".

Respectfully submitted, Stacy Luciani, MCSE —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.205.71.60 (talk) 22:07, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

The concept of co-location is not and industry specific term. It is used in many businesses to describe the practice of including multiple similar or complementary concepts such as restaurants (KFC/Pizza Hut) or supermarkets (Donut shops or Starbucks in a supermarket) in a single location. - Jeremy (Jerem43 (talk) 20:47, 22 December 2007 (UTC))

 * Well, Roy, for my part, the distinction between a colo and a "datacenter" is that if you just call it a datacenter, I assume it's owned and run by *and for* one organization. The differences are largely on the physical security side--if all the personell are employees of the company in the center, even if that center rents out, say, web service or VPSs to end users, then you have a different set of constraints to work to.  But "colo" is a term which, at least in US networking usage, has a pretty specific meaning: a place where I can rent a cage, shelf, or slot, and they'll provide me power, cooling, and some bandwidth or a way to connect to it.  That's what I've rewritten the piece to reflect, though as usual other input is welcome. :-) --Baylink (talk) 17:42, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Neutrality

 * With IT and communications facilities in safe, secure hands, telecommunications, internet, ASP and content providers, as well as enterprises, enjoy less latency and the freedom to focus on their core business.

This seems to be a little too pro-colo? I'd change it but I never actually edit Wikipedia so I'm not sure how the rules work. -Korin43 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 00:51, 25 January 2009 (UTC).

I agree that this seems rather strongly pro-colocation. The sentence could be revised, however I feel that having it removed, at least in the short-term, would be feasible without losing any valuable content.JelloExperience (talk) 17:26, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

This article has the stamp of "marketing material" all over it. The wording describes "best in class" or the "ideal colocation facility", but the article should be about colocation facilities in general. The article loses its neutrality/factuality if it assumes the facility is run in an ideal fashion in order to be true. This article should not, and wikipedia in general does not attempt to describe a well-run example of the subject in question, but rather the subject in the general case. This article, as written, would not apply to a poorly run colocation facility with un-patched systems, obsolete hardware, poorly-trained personnel, etc. etc. If a second article would have to be written to cover these facilities, then this article must be poorly written. I will make changes that I feel are appropriate, and look forward to further input.Sollosonic (talk) 13:42, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Sollosonic is correct, and hopefully I've filed enough of the gloss off to make the article a bit more useful. --Baylink (talk) 17:38, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Definition of 'colocation'
Coming to this article new, and as a semi-technical outsider, I can't help noticing that the page doesn't really contain a definition of what 'colocation' means in this context. Or if the defining feature is mentioned, it doesn't really stand out from the list of other features of a 'colocation center'. Might someone want to put a sentence at the top which explains how a colocation center is different from other sorts of data center. What is being 'colocated' with what? Thanks. Warraqeen (talk) 12:47, 27 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Multiple customers, some being carriers, are all co-located with one another. Hopefully my rewrite makes that a bit clearer. --Baylink (talk) 17:37, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Cleanup
Ok; I'm pretty current on this, since I'm moving into one this week :-), so I've done some rewriting and cleanup today to try and wash some of the Brochure Gloss off of this article. In particular, I rewrote the lede, so that--hopefully--it does a better job explaining what the article's intended to be about.

I'm sure this isn't the only way this stuff is done, but I think the current version covers fairly comprehensively the way at least American providers do this--contributions concerning other countries' practice are always welcome of course. I didn't un-Briticise some spots as that's standard practice; we do try not to get into "2 countries divided by a common language" fights on WP.

Comments welcome. --Baylink (talk) 17:37, 8 October 2011 (UTC)

Would it be worthwhile to add some discussion of the history of the colocation concept? This goes back to the 1990's when colocation meant leased space in a telecom company's network facility. The term expanded to include "carrier hotels", and now carrier-neutral speculative wholesale data centers. The original meaning of "colocation" has been lost over time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.94.104.110 (talk) 18:18, 6 February 2015 (UTC)

Images?
Can we find some better images? At present it uses File:Rack001.jpg, which is a small rack of random kit, with a terminal screen in the middle of it. Great photo of a small business on-premises rack, but it's not colo. It's unlikely to be colo, it's certainly not representative of typical colo.

Colo is (by definition) shared. That means physical access control to keep you away from someone else's kit. Your kit is accessed remotely from home, not from screens in the rack. Your kit is also likely to be yardage of identical blade servers, just like everyone else's, not an ad hoc rack-o-junk like this one. This is the sort of rack we all have in our own offices, not off away in the colo. For another thing, who pays colo rack prices to store a monitor? Viam FerreamTalk 11:14, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Colocation centre. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20141007014729/http://www.io.com/solutions/resource/assessing-cost-modular-versus-traditional-build/ to http://www.io.com/solutions/resource/assessing-cost-modular-versus-traditional-build/

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Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:05, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

Spelling Pt. 2
(Note: The Spelling discussion above is from 2004. In the meantime there are many new sources which prove that there is also the spelling with two Ls.)

I have found several occurances with double-L:

1. "Dedicated versus collocated Based on the application type, you should determine if the deployment follows the dedicated or collocated model. Note that the collocated model can be more complex due to the workload diversity and tighter integration." (see: https://library.netapp.com/ecmdocs/ECMLP2600453/html/GUID-FFAC8B94-AF92-4E8D-98D2-496238B13D0E.html) 2. "Destination and MDBs: Collocation vs. non-Collocation You can deploy an MDB on the same server instance(s) as the JMS destination on which it listens or on separate server instance(s). These alternatives are referred to as collocation or non-collocation, respectively.

Collocated Destination/MDBs Collocating an MDB with the destination to which it listens keeps message traffic local and avoids network round trips. Collocation is the best choice if you use WebLogic Server JMS and want to minimize message processing latency and network traffic." (see: https://docs.oracle.com/middleware/1221/wls/WLMDB/deploy.htm#WLMDB1376 ) 3. "Configuring collocated servers for the Dispatcher component" (see: https://www.ibm.com/docs/SSAW57_8.5.5/com.ibm.websphere.edge.doc/lb/tcfg_dispatchercollocation.html )

Is this enough to add the spelling variant with double-L or am I missing something, i.e. is "collocation" something different? If the latter is the case, where can I find an answer to that?--Einar Moses Wohltun (talk) 11:46, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Colocation centre


text:
Talk:Do They Know It's Christmas?

"more considered"
What exactly was "more considered" about Ure's response to the criticism? He was simply less negative about it than Geldof. Geldof thought the song was embarrassingly bad (and I agree), but Ure didn't. That's simply a value judgement by the authors, whereas "considered" is a value judgement by whoever wrote this article. This is Wikipedia at its worst.213.127.210.95 (talk) 22:00, 11 November 2017 (UTC)
 * I've changed the text to remove the offending wording – this is something you could have done yourself if you felt it was badly phrased. And using the words "more considered" instead of "less negative" is "Wikipedia at its worst" – really? Richard3120 (talk) 20:33, 12 November 2017 (UTC)

Reception and criticism
Hi fellow wikipedians,

I added several sentences and citations to the "response and criticism" section to elaborate on the criticism of the 2014 version. I also included a link to the "White Savior" wikipedia page. --Ame.1772 (talk) 15:31, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

 * what is this reference to Twitter? Twitter was not around for most the life of this record, if it refers to later releases it is not obvious. Additionally, when did social media become a valid reference point for an encyclpaeida.  I recommend deleting this sentence.

23:20, 14 December 2019 (UTC) SteaminMyBlood
 * Twitter isn't being used as a reference here, it's talking about African people voicing their complaints regarding the 2014 version via Twitter – that statement is within the reliable source being used. I agree that it should be clarified when the complaints were being made. Richard3120 (talk) 18:38, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

Barenaked Ladies
A rendition by the Barenaked Ladies was released in 2014 with their holiday album Barenaked for the Holidays. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.246.25.23 (talk • contribs) 17:11, 17 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Unless the version has been discussed in an independent reliable source, it doesn't pass WP:SONGCOVER and isn't worth mentioning. Richard3120 (talk) 18:35, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

Billboard Hot 100 peak citation
For some reason the URL redirects to the charts page. The Web Archive has it http://web.archive.org/web/20200222055726/https://www.billboard.com/music/Band-Aid/chart-history/HSI but I am unsure how to insert this into the template and I’m currently on mobile so switching it to manual is a bit difficult at the moment and I’m not 100% sure how to do that anyway. If someone could please add this, assuming Billboard hasn’t fixed the issue by the time someone reads this.

CAMERAwMUSTACHE (talk) 20:28, 22 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Do They Know It's Christmas?


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Nathanlarson32767

Nathanlarson32767
final (2/14/3) ending 17:02 27 December 2004 (UTC) Although fairly new here, I believe I can make a good contribution as a Wikipedia sysop. I have written several articles from scratch and read many of the Wikipedia guides.

The more talent Wikipedia can attract, the more the quality and quantity of our articles can improve. As sysop, I will strive to help new users get a positive impression of Wikipedia by showing fairness and respect and promptly responding to requests for help.

Support
 * 1) Haven't run into Nathanlarson32757, but the most unpleasant thing I can find in his history is some skunks, so he has my full support.  --fvw *  17:59, 2004 Dec 20 (UTC)
 * 2) Strong Support. Trustworthy. User:Chan Han Xiang

Oppose
 * 1) Way too early, and he can't use the preview button, having made some 150 edits to Pet skunk over two days. Gzornenplatz 19:49, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) I will support in one month. --Lst27 ( t a l k )  23:02, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Show preview is your friend. Shane King 23:40, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) I'd prefer admins having a little more Wiki-time under their belt. I will support in three months. jni 06:41, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Good editor, but still very new. User wants to help in vfd, but I didn't notice any vfd votes (glanced at the last 1000 edits).  Would support after a bit more experience. Michael Ward 07:17, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Consider having a sysop nominate you in a couple of months. Tom - Talk 07:35, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 7) Again I agree with Michael Ward. Sorry, a bit too soon for my support. -- Infrogmation 07:42, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 8) I apologize, but you haven't been a user long enough for me to support. Get more experience first. --Slowking Man 08:42, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 9) Sorry, too little experience. Also, hasn't done much janitorial work yet. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 11:18, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 10) Has shown self to be a good editor, but hasn't yet really done policy-related work yet. --Improv 15:11, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 11) Not yet ready for prime time. - UtherSRG 17:13, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * 12) Needs more time in the fleshy underbelly of Wikipedia. --Ben Brockert 02:52, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * 13) Oppose. I'd like to see more backstage activity and a wider edit base.  Not a bad editor at all, but I prefer to see editors be active in doing 'chores' before becoming an admin. Pedant 06:02, 2004 Dec 22 (UTC)
 * 14) 2 main reasons: a) "Needs more time in the fleshy underbelly of Wikipedia"; b) self-nomination. --Node 01:10, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Neutral
 * 1) Ta bu shi da yu 13:03, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC) way too early, though I really like his pet skunk article :-) Ta bu shi da yu 13:03, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) I agree with Ta_bu_shi_da_yu; will support in one month. --  ℛ yan! |  Talk  04:13, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) agree that the account is too young for a self-nomination. add to that the suspicion that preview was 'overlooked' to accumulate lots of edits more rapidly. dab (ᛏ) 11:40, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Yeah, actually it's just Hanlon's Razor in action.. live and learn, I guess..   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 18:42, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Comments
 * About 1680 edits, starting 16 November. The edits seem to be to quite a small number of articles. As Gzornenplatz says, the preview button seems to be overlooked.-gadfium (talk) 21:49, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hitting "Save page" each time provides valuable protection in case of sudden power outages. Nathanlarson32767 21:58, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * It also increases the load on the database, reducing the performance of the wikipedia servers. Unless power outages are very frequent in your area, please use the show preview button! Shane King 23:40, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * You learn something new every day.. I never saw that "In use" feature before.. Show_preview   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 18:42, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Moving pages does not require sysop access. --Ben Brockert 18:17, Dec 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Occasionally it does. See Requested moves.   — Nathanlarson32767  (Talk) 18:42, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Please sign your comments. --Ben Brockert 02:52, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with?
 * A. I will help implement the consensus of users (e.g. on VfD) and assist users with tasks that require sysop access (e.g. moving pages).
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A. Domestic skunk is my best work to date. Some other good articles are:
 * Baylisascaris
 * Jujyfruits
 * MHM Services
 * Piedmont Sanatorium
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and will deal with it in the future?
 * A. I encountered criticism from some skunk experts who didn't like the content of my domestic skunk article. After incorporating their opinions, we ended up with a more balanced article. This experience taught me the need to keep a cool head and be civil when criticized. Nathanlarson32767 17:23, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)