text:
Talk:Bundang Line

Running Segments and Frequency
When the last southern extension opened they posted a sign with frequency of trains and number of circuits. The same happened with the new extension. (please see here for both signs, the newest sign is at the very bottom). It just says frequency information generally, so with the extension to Wangsimni open are trains running Wangsimni-Jukjeon and Bojeong-Giheung or do all go the whole route? If only those sections then what segment does that 345 come into play? I feel like something is off. ₪Rick n Asia₪ 15:29, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

Here's a photo I took in the Jeongja Station of the schedule on 10 October 2012: http://www.flickr.com/photos/8501341@N07/8075463937/in/photostream It appears to indicate that all Northbound trains go to Wangsimni. The Southbound trains in black and red reach Giheung and Bojeong, respectively. Virtual Dynamo — Preceding unsigned comment added by Virtual Dynamo (talk • contribs) 00:04, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

Extension
When will the extension to Suwon open?--Eujin16 10:50, 16 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Around 2013 Rickinasia (talk) 15:45, 28 April 2011 (UTC)

Article assistance
Hoonsair: wow.. someone else is helping me with this project! yay! Did you really make that file? Think you could make ones for the other lines? (and if the shapes of the lines could roughly match the picture, that would be cool too. I think we shouldn't make the file too big, so I will provide thumbnails for the users to click. Anyway, look forward to making these subway station pages really cool with you. Nesnad 09:37, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I'm not Wiki savvy enough to edit this page, but I do know that the doors at Bokjeong open on the right.

When does the Wangsimni extension open? All I can find is 2010, but it's Feb 2010 and still nothing specific. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.133.100.56 (talk) 04:15, 19 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Scheduled for Sept 2011. It should open the same time Sin Bundang Line opens. Rickinasia (talk) 15:45, 28 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Scratch that. I was just at Gangnam-gu Office Station Friday and there are construction signs saying construction will end in December 2011. I took a picture with my cell phone camera but don't think it is upload worthy. I have not been to other transfer stations so I can't verify the southern end of the line extension. Rickinasia (talk) 04:15, 1 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I am assuming the southern end will open in Sept 2011 as the Everland Line is scheduled to open and link with this in Sept and I can't find reports of delays beyond September. However the sign in Gangnam-gu Office Station says Decemeber for end of construction. Rickinasia (talk) 07:16, 12 May 2011 (UTC)

2012-SEP-07 Added 5 stations that are scheduled to open 2012-OCT-06. Note this is my very first wikipedia contribution and I don't know any Korean, so please be kind. Constructive criticism is appreciated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Virtual Dynamo (talk • contribs) 08:35, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Hello and welcome~ Glad to hear the extension is finally opening. The best advice I can give is see other pages to see what design, writing style, and code they used. Play with it a bit and click "show preview" at the bottom to see what the changes look like. You can also do this in "My Sandbox" (at the top right of the screen) where you don't need to worry about making mistakes. I've got my own cheat sheet with copy-pasted code, that way I don't need to memorize it ;)  Also feel free to contact other editors if you have questions. Best of luck. ₪Rick n Asia₪ 12:29, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bundang Line


text:
Grand Junction Jackalopes

The Grand Junction Jackalopes are an independent baseball team of the Pioneer League, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball (MLB) but is an MLB Partner League. They are located in Grand Junction, Colorado, and play their home games at Suplizio Field. They were formerly named the Rockies, after the Colorado Rockies, who were their major league affiliate from 2001 to 2020 prior to the league becoming independent.

Franchise history
The Butte Copper Kings, named for the once-powerful owners of the copper mines of Butte, Montana, began play in the Pioneer League in 1978 as a co-op team with players from the Philadelphia Phillies, Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners and Texas Rangers organizations as well as a few free agents.

Beginning in 1987, the franchise had been operated by Silverbow Baseball. It was sold in 1996 to the Goldklang Group in a move necessary to stem conflict-of-interest issues when Silverbow head Jim McCurdy had taken the position of President of the Pioneer League in 1994. Silverbow had attempted to sell the franchise in 1994 to investors from California, but the deal fell through when it was determined that Silverbow owned a lesser percentage of the franchise than it had purported to own.

Following the 2000 season, the team relocated to Casper, Wyoming as the Casper Rockies (and was renamed the Ghosts before the 2008 season ) and affiliated with Colorado.

On January 13, 2011, Casper Professional Baseball Club, LLC announced the sale of the team to Monfort Investment Group, a group headed by Colorado Rockies General Partners.

October 17, 2011, Grand Junction city officials unanimously approved a lease agreement to the team, making Suplizio Field home to the newly renamed Grand Junction Rockies.

In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Pioneer League was converted from an MLB-affiliated Rookie Advanced league to an independent baseball league and granted status as an MLB Partner League, with Grand Junction continuing as a member.

On November 4, 2022, the team officially announced their new name of the Grand Junction Jackalopes.

Notable players
Butte Copper Kings, Casper Rockies and Casper Ghosts players who have made appearances on Major League teams:

 * Cecil Fielder
 * Omar Vizquel
 * Rich Aurilia
 * Jake Bird
 * Julio Franco
 * Bobby Jenks
 * Robb Nen
 * Roger Pavlik
 * Francisco Rodríguez
 * Kevin Seitzer
 * Mike Napoli
 * Alfredo Amézaga
 * Andy Barkett
 * Andy Beene
 * Mark Brandenburg
 * Mickey Callaway
 * Juan Castillo
 * Bryan Clutterbuck
 * Cris Colón
 * John Davis
 * Tom Edens
 * Joey Eischen
 * Trevor Enders
 * Scott Eyre
 * Monty Fariss
 * Jeff Frye
 * Benji Gil
 * Donald Harris
 * Todd Helton
 * Matt Hensley
 * Dion James
 * Kerry Lacy
 * Terrell Lowery
 * Bill Lyons
 * David Manning
 * Rob Maurer
 * Brian Meadows
 * Ángel Miranda
 * Alberto Árias
 * Darren Clarke
 * Manuel Corpas
 * Dexter Fowler
 * Jonathan Herrera
 * Ubaldo Jiménez
 * Franklin Morales
 * Josh Newman
 * Jayson Nix
 * Jordan Pacheco
 * Alex Serrano
 * Ryan Shealy
 * Seth Smith
 * Ian Stewart
 * Ryan Speier
 * Jermaine Van Buren
 * Eduardo Villacis
 * Everth Cabrera
 * Jhoulys Chacín
 * Matt Daley
 * Juan Morillo
 * David Patton
 * Esmil Rogers
 * Pedro Strop
 * Mike Timlin
 * Eric Young, Jr.
 * Wilin Rosario
 * Ryan Mattheus
 * Juan Nicasio
 * Jon Gray
 * Trevor Story
 * Nolan Arenado

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Grand Junction Jackalopes


text:
Bianca Jagger

Bianca Jagger  (born Blanca Pérez-Mora Macías; 2 May 1945)   is a Nicaraguan social and human rights advocate and a former actress. Jagger currently serves as a Council of Europe goodwill ambassador, founder and chair of the Bianca Jagger Human Rights Foundation, member of the Executive Director's Leadership Council of Amnesty International USA, and a trustee of the Amazon Charitable Trust.

She was married to Mick Jagger, lead singer of the Rolling Stones, from 1971 until 1978.

Early life
Jagger was born in Managua, Nicaragua. Her father was a successful import-export merchant and her mother a housewife. They divorced when Bianca was ten and she stayed with her mother, who had to take care of three children on a small income. At the age of 16, she changed her name from Blanca to Bianca. She received a scholarship to study political science in France at the Paris Institute of Political Studies. She was also influenced by Gandhi's non-violent success and Eastern philosophy at large. She travelled extensively in India.

Marriage, family and public life
Bianca met Mick Jagger at a party after a Rolling Stones concert in France in September 1970. On 12 May 1971, while she was four months pregnant, the couple married in a Roman Catholic ceremony in Saint-Tropez, France, and she became his first and only wife, legally. The couple's only child, a daughter named Jade, was born on 21 October 1971, in Paris, France. In May 1978, she filed for divorce on the grounds of his adultery with model Jerry Hall.

In addition to her extensive charitable works, Jagger had a public reputation as a jet-setter and party-goer in the 1970s and early 1980s, being closely associated in the public mind with New York City's nightclub Studio 54. She also became known particularly as a friend of pop artist Andy Warhol.

Jagger has dual nationality, as a naturalised British citizen and citizen of Nicaragua.

Jagger has two granddaughters from her daughter Jade: Assisi Lola (born in 1992) and Amba Isis (born in 1996), and a grandson born in 2014. She became a great-grandmother in 2014 through her granddaughter Assisi.

Jagger caused a minor controversy in May 2012 when she took flash photographs during a performance of Philip Glass's Einstein on the Beach at the Barbican in London.

Epiphany
In 1981, Jagger was part of a US congressional delegation   stationed at a UN refugee camp in Honduras. At one point during her official visit, the entire staff saw about 40 captured refugees marched away at gunpoint towards El Salvador by a death squad. Armed with nothing but cameras to document the raid, Jagger and the delegation trailed the squad along a river towards the Honduran-Salvadoran border. When both groups were within auditory range of each other, Jagger and the staff shouted at the M16 rifle-equipped raiders: "You will have to kill us all!" The squad considered the situation, approached the group, relieved them of their cameras, and released the cache of captives. A transformation had thus begun for Jagger. In subsequent interviews,  Jagger has recounted this incident as "a turning point in my life".

Activism
Bianca Jagger founded the Bianca Jagger Human Rights Foundation, which she chairs. She returned to Nicaragua to look for her parents after the 1972 Nicaragua earthquake, which destroyed Managua, the capital, leaving a toll of more than 10,000 deaths and tens of thousands homeless.

In early 1979, Jagger visited Nicaragua with an International Red Cross delegation and was shocked by the brutality and oppression that the Somoza regime carried out there. This persuaded her to commit herself to the issues of justice and human rights.

In the 1980s, she worked to oppose US government intervention in Nicaragua after the Sandinista revolution. She has also opposed the death penalty and defended the rights of women and of indigenous peoples in Latin America, notably the Yanomami tribe in Brazil against the invasion of gold miners. She spoke up for victims of the conflicts in Bosnia and Serbia. Her writings were published in several newspapers (including The New York Times and the Sunday Express). From the late 1970s, she collaborated with many humanitarian organisations including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.

She was also a member of the Twentieth Century Task Force to Apprehend War Criminals, and a trustee of the Amazon Charitable Trust. She gave a reading at the start of the memorial service in London's Westminster Cathedral, which was timed to coincide with the funeral in Brazil of Brazilian Jean Charles de Menezes, who was shot eight times on a tube-train after being mistaken for a suicide bomber in London. In March 2007, she became involved with Sarah Teather and the campaign to close Guantanamo Bay.

In March 2002, Jagger travelled to Afghanistan with a delegation of fourteen women, organised by Global Exchange to support Afghan women's projects. On 16 December 2003, Jagger was nominated Council of Europe Goodwill Ambassador.

From 2007 to 2009, she was chair of the World Future Council. On 7 July 2007, Jagger presented at the German leg of Live Earth in Hamburg. In July 2008, she was a signatory to a petition to the Catholic bishops of England and Wales to allow the wider celebration of the traditional Latin Mass. In January 2009, Jagger addressed some 12,000 people who rallied in Trafalgar Square in protest against an Israeli offensive in the Gaza several days earlier.

She is a "messenger", more accurately termed ambassador, for the environmental organization 350.org.

She has served as IUCN's Global Ambassador for the Bonn Challenge, a global effort to restore 150 million hectares of the world's degraded and deforested lands by 2020.

On 8 October 2010, she spoke at the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas (ASPO) 2010 world conference on moving beyond petroleum and "Crimes against Present and Future Generations".

In June 2012, along with the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Airbus, Jagger launched an online campaign called the Plant a Pledge initiative, which aims to restore 150 million hectares of forest around the world by 2020.

On 21 November 2013, Jagger delivered the prestigious 12th annual Longford Lecture titled "Ending Violence Against Women and Girls, and the Culture of Impunity: achieving the missing Millennium Development Goal target", chaired by Jon Snow.

Prior to the 2015 UK general election, she was one of several celebrities who endorsed the parliamentary candidacy of the Green Party's Caroline Lucas.

Awards
For her international work on behalf of humanitarian causes, Jagger has earned numerous awards, including:
 * 1983 Honorary Doctorate of Humanities degree from Stonehill College in Massachusetts
 * 1994 United Nations Earth Day award
 * 1996 Hispanic Federation of New York City's Humanitarian Award
 * 1996 Woman of the Year Title from the Boys Town of Italy
 * 1996 Abolitionist of the Year Award from the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty
 * 1997 Green Globe Award from the Rainforest Alliance
 * 1997 Amnesty International USA Media Spotlight Award for Leadership
 * 1997 Inducted to the Hall of Fame in Miami Children's Hospital Foundation
 * 1998 American Civil Liberties Union Award
 * 2000 Champion of Justice Award
 * 2003 International Award from International Service
 * 2003 'special recognition' as a Woman of Peace at the Global Exchange Human Rights Awards in San Francisco with Arundhati Roy, Barbara Lee and Kathy Kelly.
 * 2004 Women's World Award (World Achievement) from Mikhail Gorbachev
 * 2004 Right Livelihood Award
 * 2006 World Citizenship Award from The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation
 * 2006 Office of the Americas Peace and Justice Award
 * 2008 Honorary Doctorate of Human Rights degree from Simmons College in Massachusetts

Film and television
Bianca also appeared in several movies and TV shows:
 * Cocksucker Blues (1972, documentary about the Rolling Stones' 1972 North American tour)
 * Trick or Treat (1975) (unfinished movie)
 * Flesh Color (Couleur chair) (1978)
 * All You Need Is Cash (1978, as Martini)
 * The American Success Company (1979; as Corrine)
 * The Cannonball Run (1981, as sheik's sister)
 * In Our Hands (1984)
 * Miami Vice (1985) TV episode "Free Verse"
 * Street Hawk (1985) TV episode "The Unsinkable 453"
 * Hotel (1986) TV episode "Separation"
 * The Colbys (1987) TV episode "Betrayal"
 * After Dark (an extended appearance in 1988 on the British TV programme, discussed here).
 * C.H.U.D. II: Bud the C.H.U.D. (1989)
 * Last Party 2000 (2001, a documentary film about the 2000 US Presidential election)
 * The Fourth Revolution: Energy (2011 German documentary)

title: Bianca Jagger


text:
User:Tyln

Who is Tyln?
The one who wishes he was the owner of this Wikipedia article, but in all reality merely initiated it.

title: User:Tyln


text: Category:Lipoproteins

title: Category:Lipoproteins


text:
Manton S. Eddy

Lieutenant General Manton Sprague Eddy (May 16, 1892 – April 10, 1962) was a senior United States Army officer who served in both World War I and World War II. During the latter conflict he served with distinction, commanding the 9th Infantry Division and later the XII Corps in the campaign in Western Europe, playing a large part in the Battle of the Bulge in late December 1944, leading the corps until April 20th 1945, when health problems forced him to turn over command.

Early life and military career
Eddy graduated from Shattuck Military School in Faribault, Minnesota, in 1913. He enlisted in the Infantry Branch of the United States Army in 1916 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant of infantry in early 1918, a few months after the American entry into World War I the previous April. With the rank of captain, he was a company commander in the 11th Machine Gun Battalion, part of the 4th Division of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). He was sent to the Western Front with his division in May 1918 but was wounded in the leg in August, when the tide of the war had turned against the Germans. He recovered soon after and commanded a machine gun battalion until the end of the war on November 11, 1918.

Between the wars
Promoted to the wartime rank of major, Eddy served in Allied-occupied Germany until 1919 when he returned to the United States. Relegated to the rank of captain in the Regular Army in 1920, Eddy married Mamie Peabody Buttolph in 1921. During the period between the wars, he was a member of the Infantry Board and was a student, later an instructor, at both the United States Army Infantry School and the United States Army Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He also served as Professor of Military Science and Tactics at Riverdale Military Academy. While at the Infantry School, he met George C. Marshall, the future Army Chief of Staff, who was impressed with Eddy.

By 1940, Eddy was an intelligence officer with III Corps. In 1941 Eddy assumed command of the 114th Infantry Regiment, part of the 44th Infantry Division, a National Guard formation.

World War II

In March 1942, three months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent American entry into World War II, Eddy was promoted to the one-star general officer rank of brigadier general on March 24, 1942 and became the assistant division commander (ADC) of the 9th Infantry Division. On August 8, he was promoted to the two-star rank of major general and succeeded Major General Rene Edward De Russy Hoyle as Commanding General of the 9th Infantry Division, a Regular Army formation, while Brigadier General Donald A. Stroh succeeded Eddy as the 9th's ADC.

After training in the United States for several months Eddy led the division overseas, landing in French North Africa on November 8, 1942 as part of Operation Torch. The 9th Division fought in the subsequent Allied campaign in North Africa, and played a large role in the Battle of Kasserine Pass in February 1943. The campaign came to an end in May 1943, with the surrender of almost 250,000 Axis soldiers.

Eddy later led the 9th Division in Operation Husky, codename for the Allied invasion of Sicily, in August 1943. In November the 9th Division was sent to England in preparation for the Allied invasion of Northern France, scheduled for the spring of 1944.

Eddy led the 9th Division in the early stages of Operation Overlord, codename for the Battle of Normandy, landing on Utah Beach four days after the D-Day landings of June 6, 1944. For his role in the capture of the French port of Cherbourg, which much impressed his superiors, Eddy was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. In the opinion of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Eddy had outperformed all the other American divisional commanders in Normandy, and he had slated Eddy to take over the next available corps.

In August he became Commanding General of XII Corps, which was often the spearhead of Lieutenant General George S. Patton's Third Army. Eddy led XII Corps in the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine and in the subsequent fighting on the Western Front. During the Battle of the Bulge, Eddy's XII Corps successfully held the southern shoulder of the German salient. In April 1945, after taking part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, shortly before the end of World War II in Europe, Eddy returned to the United States due to a severe illness (extreme hypertension, from which he eventually recovered) and was replaced in command of XII Corps by Major General Stafford LeRoy Irwin.

Postwar

In the postwar period, Eddy served again at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, this time as Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College, from January 1948 to July 1950. He was president of a review board that made a thorough examination of officer education and established the progressive branch, staff, and senior service levels of officer schooling. As commander of the Seventh Army, he presided over its transformation from an army of occupation to one of deterrence. Eddy retired from the army with the rank of lieutenant general.

Eddy died in Columbus, Georgia on April 10, 1962, at the age of 69. Eddy is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.

Awards and decorations

 * Distinguished Service Cross
 * Army Distinguished Service Medal (2)
 * Silver Star
 * Legion of Merit (2)
 * Bronze Star (2)
 * Air Medal
 * Purple Heart
 * Honorary Companion of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom)
 * Legion of Honour (France)
 * Croix de Guerre (France)
 * Order of the Patriotic War (Soviet Union)
 * Medal "For Courage" (Soviet Union)
 * Commander of the Order of Leopold (Belgium)

title: Manton S. Eddy


text:
User:Db0

So you want to know about me eh? Well, I don't have much to brag about right now so I'll give you just the basics

About Me
Human, ADDult, Prog/Power Metal Fan, Fire Dancer, LXer, Hacker Wannabe, IT Pro, Gamer, G33k!

Aliases
DB0 means Divided By 0, it's an alias I like that shows my technical/geeky aspect. Another alias I have been using since my early days is Historian that comes from my surname (an ancient Greek historian, Thoukydides). I've been using historian since 1996 so there is a chance you know me by that.

Interests
Mostly Gaming and Computer Related stuff Philosophy, Role Playing Games, Collectible Card Games, Tabletop Games, Computer Games, Free Software. I have been inactive on wikipedia for quite some time due to my extremely short attention span.

Other Stuff
I currently run a blog at a A Division by Zer0

Contributions
These are things I contributed to wikipedia that I feel are worth mentioning.

Full Articles

 * Doomtown: One of my favorite collectible card game. Spaghetti Western...with meat.
 * 7th Sea Collectible Card Game: Another great game by AEG. Rennaisance meets fantasy in this game of Piracy in the 7 seas.

Major Contributions

 * Warlord: Saga of the Storm
 * Blind Guardian and albums.
 * Savatage and albums.
 * Demons and Wizards and albums

Edguy and albums
 * Currently working on...

Thanks
If you wish to express your appreciation for anything I might have offered, please say a kind word over here. Thank you in advance.

title: User:Db0


text:
Talk:Ukarumpa International School

Votes for deletion
This article was listed on votes for deletion; see Votes for deletion/Ukarumpa International School. —No-One Jones (m) 09:42, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Style comment (unsigned and undated; pre-November 2016)
The style of the writing is not consistant with Wikipedia guidelines, imho.

title: Talk:Ukarumpa International School


text:
Talk:Alhambra High School (Alhambra, California)

2004 Deletion
This article was listed on votes for deletion; see Votes for deletion/Alhambra High School. —No-One Jones (m) 09:45, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * There are some members of the Wikipedia community who would like to see all secondary institutions of learning eliminated. The criteria for "notable" high schools have never been clearly defined. For instance, Columbine High School in Colorado is notorious for its massacre in 1999. Does that make it "notable?" Or vice versa? There are very few well really well known high schools in the USA. A highly notable execption is Beverly Hills High School which has many famous graduates in the various arts. I don't see how we can pick and choose fairly. Either this category should ideally be all inclusive or eliminated with the exception of the VERY famous few high schools such as Beverly Hills.T.E. Goodwin 01:48, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I thought wikipedia had a policy that all High Schools are notable (but that middle and elementry schools are not necessarily notable). I think uniformity is a good thing. Not all cities are that notable either. --MarsRover 06:17, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Have you posted your opinion on talk pages of other high schools? Lets keep things consistent: flag all articles about high schools for deletion, or don't flag any please. If you have a problem with WikiProject Schools and its inclusion of high schools, then bring it up in that talk page, not this one. Thanks. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.234.191.23 (talk) 23:40, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Edits
So I have spent a bit of time trying to clean up this page, I am not a fan of the embedded list of clubs but I'm not sure if it's worth worrying about. However, I don't think it's appropriate to be listing full names of underage students as presidents of clubs, etc. so future editors (most certainly comprised of current AHS students), please keep in mind wikipedia's content criteria: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_brief Thanks. April.s (talk) 01:46, 26 November 2009 (UTC) There is no way the enrollment is over 9000. That is waaay too high. CAn't find the info. on the school website, so I guess I'll call to make the change. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.182.180.240 (talk) 11:32, 14 March 2012 (UTC)

Notable alumni
I removed the following alumni. They are notable (have Wikipedia articles), but none of them have a citation to prove they attended Alhambra High School. The section has been flagged for 26 months.

 * H. George Anderson, Presiding Bishop, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
 * Kevin Cheng, Chinese Actor
 * Dean Cundey, Award-winning Director of Photography
 * Clive Cussler, novelist
 * Stan Freberg, voice actor
 * Hardie Gramatky, watercolorist
 * James Jannard, businessman
 * Aaron Krach, novelist, artist, magazine editor
 * Dorothy Howell Rodham, homemaker and mother of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton
 * Lewis Sargentich, legal scholar at Harvard Law School
 * Cheryl Tiegs, model
 * Mickey Thompson, racecar driver
 * Jim Tunney, American football official, author, motivational speaker
 * Dick Wallen, UCLA football All-American, recipient of the 1957 W.J. Voit Memorial Trophy
 * Verne Winchell, businessman
 * Mike Woo, politician
 * Jonathan Ke Quan, Vietnamese-American actor
 * Tex Schramm, former manager of the Dallas Cowboys (NFL)
 * Sam Hanks, Alumnus 1933, winner of the 1957 Indianapolis 500 and inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame in 1981.
 * Lisa Yee, Children's Author and winner of the Sid Fleischman Humor Award
 * Derek Hartley, Co-host of the Derek and Romaine Show on Sirius XM Satellite Radio.
 * Martin Vasquez, former soccer player and coach
 * Jenny Oropeza, 1975, politician California State Senate, California State Assembly
 * Grant Gershon, Music director, Los Angeles Master Chorale

Thanks, tedder (talk) 05:13, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

I see a number of problems with your clean-up. First, many of the Wikipedia entries note that these people attended Alhambra High. Some give citations. Others do not. Are you planning to clean up all those entries as well? Second, some of these may not have easily found citations available online. For example, the school itself touts a number of these former students in its halls an publications and elsewhere. If I remember correctly, the auto shop is named after Mickey Thompson. The public library has plaques and portraits of a number of them including Tex Schramm, Mickey Thompson, and others, stating among other things that they went to Alhambra High. Also, the list is largely repeated on the list of notable residents of the City of Alhambra.

Cleaning up is one thing but using a nuclear option is another. You could have easily looked at the profiles of these folks and the citations given for their background. I am restoring the list. Validating citations on the profiles is more valuable than purging the full list.

Geodanny (talk) 07:35, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

 * You are both right, in different ways. Geodanny is correct that many of these entries may have documentation in their biographies. OTOH, a picture in a school hallway isn't the kind of verifiable published source that Wikipedia expects. Tedder is correct that unsourced information shouldn't be left indefinitely, especially when it's been tagged for years and concerns living people. OTOH, these aren't contentious assertions. Let's remember that the information hasn't been deleted, just moved pending verification. If this step hadn't been taken then nothing would be done for another two years, if then. So let's try to find those sources and move back entries as citations become available.   Will Beback    talk    07:42, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

 * For example, Geodanny, you recently added Martin Vasquez to the list. Can you find a source for that entry?   Will Beback    talk    07:52, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

 * All it took was one search to find a city-provided list of famous residents, including those who graduated from Alhambra High: http://www.cityofalhambra.org/community/famousresidents.html
 * I agree with you Will. Action needs to be taken. I just disagree with the process, and perhaps the policy. Requiring/validating citations on the profiles seems a higher priority than this list. Martin Vasquez is a good example. His profile says he attended Alhambra High. He was coach of a local MLS soccer team, but was recently fired. Citations provided for his profile note his connection to the school, but not in the paragraph about his attending the school. See: http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/sports_blog/2009/12/martin-vasquez-to-be-named-chivas-usas-next-coach.html I just modified Lisa Yee's entry. The citation provided for the first sentence applies to the full bio paragraph. Geodanny (talk) 08:00, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

 * That's great. Progress!
 * Personally, I often see folks adding "citation needed" tags to article on my watchlist but I usually don't do anything about it until the material is removed. Then I spring into action and hunt down the sources. Human nature.    Will Beback    talk    08:07, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

(moving left). Geodanny, please read WP:BURDEN, part of one of Wikipedia's 5 pillars, which states "The burden of evidence lies with the editor who adds or restores material." Yes, I should find sources. On the other hand, as I said, the section was flagged for over two years. I placed them here in good faith. You'll note I also removed a paragraph about the fake swimming pool. Anyhow, please cite the rest of the list. It doesn't need a terribly strong source, but every entry needs their attendance at Alhambra HS sourced. tedder (talk) 14:57, 30 December 2010 (UTC)
 * All cited. All ya have to do is ask me Tedder.  My Virgo self will organize and cite, but only for you! lol
 *  — DocOfSoc • Talk  •  03:08, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks Doc! tedder (talk) 03:16, 8 April 2011 (UTC)
 * You are quite welcome! Namaste... — DocOfSoc • Talk  •  12:05, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Alhambra High School (Alhambra) versus Alhambra High School (Martinez)
Please take care to identify that a fact pertains to Alhambra High School in Alhambra, California. There are two Alhambra High Schools in California. The other Alhambra High is named after and is located in the Alhambra Valley in the San Francisco Bay Area, in the  City of Martinez.

There has been some confusion between the two high schools, particularly with regard to notable alumni. For example, Jeff and Stan Van Gundy went to Alhambra High (Martinez) but almost every article I could find only said Alhambra High without referencing the city. Only after digging further did I find mentions that they grew up near San Francisco or in Central or Northern California. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Geodanny (talk • contribs) 03:07, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Alhambra High School (Alhambra, California). Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
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text:
Talk:Kingsbridge

Ken Follet
I removed a reference to Ken Follet's 'Pillars of the Earth' from this article. The reference claimed that the story was set in the town, but according to Follet's own FAQ ( http://www.ken-follett.com/faq/ ) 'Kingsbridge and its people are fictional...Kingsbridge is located roughly where the present-day town of Marlborough in Wiltshire is.'.

I wouöd put thos explanation back in the discription so evereybody knows that this is the case. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.195.61.220 (talk) 18:40, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

No Bridge
There is no bridge in Kingsbridge. Can anyone elaborate?

 * According to [this page], "Kingsbridge first appears as ‘Cinges bricge’ in a 962 Anglo-Saxon charter of King Edgar. The bridge appears to have connected the two Royal estates of West Alvington and Chillington.  There was no settlement here worthy of mention in the Domesday Book of 1086". Presumably the bridge crossed the strem (usually referred to as 'the creek') which passes through the town, but which has since been mostly covered over (although you can still see parts of it exposed at the northern end of the town).

 * I have no other source for this, although if I get a chance I'll check it out at the local library sometime. If I can verify it, I'll add it to the main page.
 * --The-stickman 08:44, 24 May 2006 (UTC)

Baron Donaldson of Kingsbridge?
Is this Kingsbridge the seat of Baron Donaldson, the son of the 1970s MP? Or is that somewhere else? (And does anyone know who the current Baron is?) Sam

 * No, according to this page, "[he] was created Baron Donaldson of Kingsbridge, of Kingsbridge in the County of Buckinghamshire". It seems to be just to the south of Buckingham, somewhere between Stewkley and Dunton. I checked on streetmap but all I could find was Kingsbridge Farm. The-stickman 09:09, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 01:37, 8 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Kingsbridge Commemorative Town Coins - Crown and Quarter Crown.jpg

title: Talk:Kingsbridge


text:
Talk:Allen High School (Texas)

Neutrality of the Band section
This section totally sounds as if it was written by a member of the band. Can someone please make it sound professional? hornplayer2 (talk) 04:45, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Allen High Alma Mater
I am an 2004 graduate and wanted the words to Allen High (TEXAS) Alma Mater. I have the song but no lyrics. I remeber that at the school there were posters in some rooms with the words and I know we ended it with "...Allen High." help, thanks.

So give a cheer for the Blue and the White, waving forever. Forever proud of our school today, May she live ever. We'll sing a song of our school today, Cheer as we go our way. On to success to stay. Dear Old Allen High

Lawson Gage
This is a very interesting topic, but is there any lasting worth from this stunt? Would it be more appropriate to stick this in a sex-related article, and not in a high school topic. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 208.190.27.184 (talk • contribs).
 * This content has been deleted for lack of notability. — Scm83x hook 'em 19:41, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

The Allen High School page is very raw, and the only current event worth talking about is this incident. Since we don’t have a “sex-related article” section, it should go in the main article. The situation is truly the cause of much debate at school, and many people are only finding out about it through this Wikipedia page. I ask that the Lawson Gage article be reinstated, at least until more noteworthy content is compiled. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by TheBoy765 (talk • contribs).
 * This is not an acceptable event to add to the article. It's completely unverifiable and also completeley non-notable. The section will not be replaced. — Scm83x hook 'em 01:09, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Unfortunately, the youtube video has been deleted and removed from the site after receiving a 4.5/5 rating. --208.190.29.201 16:24, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

It makes you wonder if perhaps the Allen High School administration forced the student to remove that video. This is of course just speculation. Life is good 21:11, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

It also makes we wonder what you guys are talking about? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.136.64.56 (talk) 06:15, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

Controversy
What happened to the controversy section which discussed the Allen problem with methamphetamines? Is this too much truth to handle? We are trying to BUILD the page, not deconstruct it. We wish to add both positive and negative information, but we have to start somewhere. Please refrain from deleting entire sections without discussion. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by TheBoy765 (talk • contribs).
 * Please refrain from adding unsourced unverifiable information to pages, regardless of its positive or negative nature. Also, always assume good faith. — Scm83x hook 'em 01:07, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

The Band
Anybody know a source that can confirm if Allen High School has the world's largest high school band/escadrille?

it may be the largest, but it is NOT over 800. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.94.4.28 (talk) 00:11, 5 April 2010 (UTC) I've seen a picture claiming 600 people....with a large chunk standing off the back sideline because the field was already chock full....bigger is not always better. A band that large really can't move (or really be cleanable....the feet I saw in the picture were God awful) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.112.244.3 (talk) 06:03, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

Football
Okay, I understand getting rid of the Lawson Gage article, but our football team? If it doesn't belong here then were does it belong? If its no good becuase the table is bad that's understandable, I'm terrible at making tables on Wiki. Also, I plan on expanding the athletic section soon, but the schedule is all I got to at once. I assume good faith and all, but this page will never grow if major articles keep getting deleted. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by TheBoy765 (talk • contribs).
 * The section was deleted because it was unencyclopedic. Please consider what about this high school is important to a global audience before writing another section. Also, please start signing your comments using ~ at the end. — Scm83x hook 'em 03:03, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Man you're knowlegable. Sorry about the signing thing, I forgot. 24.1.102.232 03:47, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

Academics
Xmazo, I wrote the academics section, as well as the extra-curricular section. I agree that the controversy should be included in the article, but apparently Wikipedia is not the place for it. And I am certainly not a member of the Allen High School staff. Why on earth did you delete what little substance we had left? --Life is good 23:34, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Edited the times as the school runs until 3:40 p.m. DanielES15 16 September 2006

Edited confusing grammer User:slapthatbass84

Alma Mater
So give a cheer for the Blue and the White, waving forever. Forever proud of our school today, May she live ever. We'll sing a song of our school today, Cheer as we go our way. On to success to stay. Dear Old Allen High.

Pictures
I have taken a picture of the Allen high school exterior entrance and was wondering where it should be placed. Is is violating any privacy and copyright laws since I took it myself? Life is good 19:58, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The image should replace the image of the eagle logo. The eagle logo should be moved down in the infobox to "mascot image". — Scm83x hook 'em 20:05, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

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enrollment
Can someone clarify the enrollment? I updated to the NCES data https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=4807890&ID=480789000117  (9-12 school with 4748 students as of 2015-16) but the school's website https://www.allenisd.org/domain/2652 says the enrollment is over 6000. The figure of 6380 was in the article but it was sourced to an athletic conference ranking http://www.uiltexas.org/files/alignments/2016_Rank_Order.pdf, which does not actually count students (unless you believe that some of the schools actually have fractional students ). Meters (talk) 03:39, 29 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Hmm... the Lowery Fresshman Center is listed a s a seperate school by NCES https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=4807890&SchoolPageNum=2&ID=480789008146 with 1634 students in grades 9 and 10. From what I can see from the schools' websites they have different addresses and different principals, so they seem to be treated as separate schools by the school district too. Meters (talk) 03:48, 29 May 2018 (UTC)

Incorrect Map Location
The map has an incorrect location, it displays the location off the old school (pre 1999) instead of the new one.

Adress is listed correctly 47.186.92.160 (talk) 20:05, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

The visual map points to the old location.

title: Talk:Allen High School (Texas)


text: Talk:Michael Perry (software engineer)

title: Talk:Michael Perry (software engineer)


text:
Max von Gallwitz

Max Karl Wilhelm von Gallwitz (2 May 1852 – 18 April 1937) was a German general from Breslau (Wrocław), Silesia, who served with distinction during World War I on both the Eastern and Western Fronts.

Biography
Gallwitz grew up in a Catholic family in Breslau and joined the Prussian Army in 1870. In 1891, he married Friedrike. They had a daughter and son Werner, who became a lieutenant general in the Second World War. Gallwitz was a First World War corps commander (Guards Reserve Corps) on the Western Front, but he was almost immediately transferred east to join the Eighth Army under Hindenburg. In 1915, he took command of Armee-Gruppe Gallwitz (later redesignated Twelfth Army) and participated in the Galicia offensive alongside Mackensen, who commanded the Eleventh Army.

Towards the end of 1915, Gallwitz succeeded Mackensen as commander of the Eleventh Army, as the latter campaigned against Serbia. In 1916, he moved back to the Western Front and defended against the British attack in the Battle of the Somme. He took over command of 2nd Army and of Heeresgruppe Gallwitz - Somme controlling the 1st and 2nd Armies. From 1916–18, he commanded the Fifth Army in the west, most notably engaging the Americans during the Battle of Saint-Mihiel.

Following his retirement from the army, Gallwitz served as a deputy in the Reichstag (1920–24) for the German National People's Party.

Awards and decorations

 * Pour le Mérite (24 July 1915), Oak Leaves added on 28 September 1915
 * Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle
 * Order of the Black Eagle (23 December 1917)
 * Iron Cross First and Second class

title: Max von Gallwitz


text:
FIFA Club World Cup

The FIFA Club World Cup is an international men's association football competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The competition was first contested in 2000 as the FIFA Club World Championship. It was not held from 2001 to 2004 due to a combination of factors in the cancelled 2001 tournament, most importantly the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner International Sport and Leisure (ISL), but since 2005 it has been held every year. Views differ as to the cup's prestige: it struggles to attract interest in most of Europe, and is the object of heated debate in South America.

The first FIFA Club World Championship took place in Brazil in 2000, during which year it ran in parallel with the Intercontinental Cup, a competition played by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the Copa Libertadores, with the champions of each tournament both recognised (in 2017) by FIFA as club world champions. In 2005, the Intercontinental Cup was merged with the FIFA Club World Championship, and in 2006, the tournament was renamed as the FIFA Club World Cup. The winner of the Club World Cup receives the FIFA Club World Cup trophy and a FIFA World Champions certificate.

The current format, in use since the competition was revamped ahead of the 2025 edition, features 32 teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation; 12 teams from Europe, 6 from South America, 4 from Asia, 4 from Africa, 4 from North, Central America and Caribbean, 1 from Oceania, and 1 team from the host nation. The teams are drawn into eight groups of four, with each team playing three group stage matches in a round-robin format. The top two teams from each group advance to the knockout stage, starting with the round of 16 and culminating with the final.

Real Madrid hold the record for most titles, having won the competition on five occasions. Corinthians' inaugural victory remains the best result from a host nation's national league champions. Teams from Spain have won the tournament eight times, the most for any nation. England has the largest number of winning teams, with four clubs having won the tournament. The current world champions are Manchester City, who defeated Fluminense 4–0 in the 2023 final.

Origin
The first club tournament to be billed as the Football World Championship was held in 1887, in which FA Cup winners Aston Villa beat Scottish Cup winners Hibernian, the winners of the only national competitions at the time. The first time when the champions of two European leagues met was in what was nicknamed the 1895 World Championship, when English champions Sunderland beat Scottish champions Heart of Midlothian 5–3. Ironically, the Sunderland lineup in the 1895 World Championship consisted entirely of Scottish players – Scottish players who moved to England to play professionally in those days were known as the Scotch Professors.

The first attempt at creating a global club football tournament, according to FIFA, was in 1909, 21 years before the first FIFA World Cup. The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy was held in Italy in 1909 and 1911, and contested by English, Italian, German and Swiss clubs. English amateur team West Auckland won on both occasions.

The idea that FIFA should organise international club competitions dates from the beginning of the 1950s. In 1951, the Brazilian FA created Copa Rio, also called "World Champions Cup" in Brazil, with a view to being a Club World Cup (a "club version" of the FIFA World Cup). FIFA president Jules Rimet was asked about FIFA's involvement in Copa Rio, and stated that it was not under FIFA's jurisdiction since it was organised and sponsored by the Brazilian FA. FIFA board officials Stanley Rous and Ottorino Barassi participated personally, albeit not as FIFA assignees, in the organisation of Copa Rio in 1951. Rous' role was the negotiations with European clubs, whereas Barassi did the same and also helped form the framework of the competition. The Italian press regarded the competition as an "impressive project" that "was greeted so enthusiastically by FIFA officials Stanley Rous and Jules Rimet to the extent of almost giving it an official FIFA stamp." Because of the difficulty the Brazilian FA found in bringing European clubs to the competition, the O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper suggested that there should be FIFA involvement in the programming of international club competitions saying that, "ideally, international tournaments, here or abroad, should be played with a schedule set by FIFA". Palmeiras beat Juventus at Maracanã with over 200,000 spectators in attendance at the final of the 1951 Copa Rio, and were hailed as the first ever Club World Champions by the whole Brazilian press. However, as a number of European clubs declined participation in Copa Rio and their berths were given to less renowned ones, the quality of the eventually participating clubs was criticised in the Brazilian press, therefore the Brazilian FA announced that the following editions of Copa Rio were not to be hailed as a World Champions Cup but only as Copa Rio, and thus the second edition of the cup, won by Fluminense in 1952, was hailed as a World Champions Cup by a minority of the Brazilian press, having Copa Rio been extinguished by the Brazilian FA soon later, and replaced with another cup, won in 1953 by Vasco da Gama.

Still in the 1950s, the Pequeña Copa del Mundo (Spanish for Small World Cup) was a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, with some other club tournaments held in Caracas from 1958 onwards also often referred to by the name of the original 1952–1957 tournament. It was usually played by four participants, with two from Europe and two from South America.

In 1960, FIFA authorised the International Soccer League, created along the lines of the 1950s Copa Rio, with a view to creating a Club World Cup, with ratification from Stanley Rous, who then had become FIFA president. In the same year, the Intercontinental Cup rose to existence.

The Intercontinental Cup and early proposals for a FIFA Club World Cup
The Tournoi de Paris was a competition initially meant to bring together the top teams from Europe and South America; it was first played in 1957 when Vasco da Gama, the Rio de Janeiro champions, beat European champions Real Madrid 4–3 in the final at the Parc des Princes. The match was the first ever hailed as the "best of Europe X best of South American" club match, as it was Real Madrid's first intercontinental competition as European champions (the Madrid team played the 1956 Pequeña Copa del Mundo, but confirmed their participation in the Venezuelan tournament before becoming European champions). In 1958, Real Madrid declined to participate in the Paris competition claiming that the final of the 1957–58 European Cup was just five days after the Paris Tournoi. On 8 October 1958, the Brazilian FA President João Havelange announced, at a UEFA meeting he attended as an invitee, the decision to create the "best of Europe X best of South American" club contest with endorsement from UEFA and CONMEBOL: the Copa Libertadores, the CONMEBOL-endorsed South American equivalent of the UEFA-endorsed European Cup, and the Intercontinental Cup, the latter being a UEFA/CONMEBOL-endorsed "best club of the world" contest between the champion clubs of both confederations.

Real Madrid won the first Intercontinental Cup in 1960, titled themselves world champions until FIFA stepped in and objected; citing that the competition did not grant the right to attempt participation to any other champions from outside Europe and South America, FIFA stated that they can only claim to be intercontinental champions of a competition played between two continental organisations (in contrast to the Intercontinental Cup, the right to attempt participation at the FIFA World Cup, through FIFA invitation in 1930 and qualification process since 1934, was open to every FIFA member-country, regardless of the continent where it was located). FIFA stated that they would prohibit the 1961 edition to be played out unless the organisers regarded the competition as a friendly or a private match between two organisations.

The Intercontinental Cup attracted the interest of other continents. The North and Central America confederation, CONCACAF, was created in 1961 in order to, among other reasons, try to include its clubs in the Copa Libertadores and, by extension, the Intercontinental Cup. However, their entry into both competitions was rejected. Subsequently, the CONCACAF Champions' Cup began in 1962.

Due to the brutality of the Argentine and Uruguayan clubs at the Intercontinental Cup, FIFA was asked several times during the late 1960s to assess penalties and regulate the tournament. However, FIFA refused each request. The first of these requests was made in 1967, after a play-off match labelled The Battle of Montevideo. The Scottish Football Association, via President Willie Allan, wanted FIFA to recognise the competition in order to enforce football regulation; FIFA responded that it could not regulate a competition it did not organise. Allan's crusade also suffered after CONMEBOL, with the backing of its President Teofilo Salinas and the Argentine Football Association (Asociación del Fútbol Argentino; AFA), refused to allow FIFA to have any hand in the competition stating:

The CSF is the entity in charge of controlling, in South America, the organisation of the tournament between the champions of Europe and [South] America, a competition FIFA considers a friendly. We do not think it's appropriate that FIFA has to meddle in the matter.

René Courte, FIFA's General Sub-Secretary, wrote in 1967 an article shortly afterwards stating that FIFA viewed the Intercontinental Cup as a "European-South American friendly match". This was confirmed by FIFA president Stanley Rous. With the Asian and North American club competitions in place in 1967, FIFA opened the idea of supervising the Intercontinental Cup if it included those confederations, with Stanley Rous saying that CONCACAF and the Asian Football Confederation had requested in 1967 participation of their champions in the Intercontinental Cup; the proposal was met with a negative response from UEFA and CONMEBOL. The 1968 and 1969 Intercontinental Cups finished in similarly violent fashion, with Manchester United manager Matt Busby insisting that "the Argentineans should be banned from all competitive football. FIFA should really step in." In 1970, the FIFA Executive Committee proposed the creation of a multicontinental Club World Cup, not limited to Europe and South America but including also the other confederations; the idea did not go forward due to UEFA resistance.

In 1973, French newspaper L'Equipe, who helped bring about the birth of the European Cup, volunteered to sponsor a Club World Cup contested by the champions of Europe, South America, North America and Africa, the only continental club tournaments in existence at the time; the competition was to potentially take place in Paris between September and October 1974, with an eventual final to be held at the Parc des Princes. The extreme negativity of the Europeans prevented this from happening. The same newspaper tried once again in 1975 to create a Club World Cup, in which participants would have been the four semi-finalists of the European Cup, both finalists of the Copa Libertadores, as well as the African and Asian champions; once more, the proposal was to no avail. UEFA, via its president, Artemio Franchi, declined once again and the proposal failed. The idea for a multicontinental, FIFA-endorsed Club World Cup was also endorsed by João Havelange in his campaigning for FIFA presidency in 1974. The Mexican clubs América and Pumas UNAM, and the Mexican Football Association, demanded participation in the Intercontinental Cup (either as the American-continent representantives in the Intercontinental Cup or as part of a UEFA-CONMEBOL-CONCACAF new Intercontinental Cup) after winning the 1977–78 and 1980–81 editions of the Interamerican Cup against the South American champions; the request was unsuccessful.

The 1970s saw no fewer than seven occasions in which the European champions relinquished participating at the Intercontinental Cup, resulting in either the participation of the European Cup runners-up or the cancellation of the event; thus, with the Intercontinental Cup in danger of being dissolved, West Nally, a British marketing company, was hired by UEFA and CONMEBOL to find a viable solution in 1980;  Toyota Motor Corporation, via West Nally, took the competition under its wing and rebranded it as the Toyota Cup, a one-off match played in Japan. Toyota invested over US$700,000 in the 1980 edition to take place in Tokyo's National Olympic Stadium, with over US$200,000 awarded to each participant. The Toyota Cup, with its new format, was received with scepticism, as the sport was unfamiliar in the Far East. However, the financial incentive was welcomed, as European and South American clubs were suffering financial difficulties. To protect themselves against the possibility of European withdrawals, Toyota, UEFA and every European Cup participant signed annual contracts requiring the eventual winners of the European Cup to participate at the Intercontinental Cup, as a condition UEFA stipulated to the clubs' participation in the European Cup, or risk facing an international lawsuit from UEFA and Toyota. For instance, Barcelona, the winners of the 1991–92 European Cup, considered not participating in the Intercontinental Cup in 1992, and the aforementioned contractual obligation weighed in for their decision to play. In 1983, the English Football Association tried organising a Club World Cup to be played in 1985 and sponsored by West Nally, only to be denied by UEFA.

Inauguration (2000–2001)
The framework of the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was laid years in advance. According to Sepp Blatter, the idea of the tournament was presented to the executive committee in December 1993 in Las Vegas, United States by Silvio Berlusconi, AC Milan's president. Since every confederation had, by then, a stable, continental championship, FIFA felt it was prudent and relevant to have a Club World Championship tournament. Initially, there were nine candidates to host the competition: China, Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, Tahiti, Turkey, the United States and Uruguay; of the nine, only Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Brazil and Uruguay confirmed their interest to FIFA. On 7 June 1999, FIFA selected Brazil to host the competition, which was initially scheduled to take place in 1999. Manchester United legend Bobby Charlton, a pillar of England's victorious campaign in the 1966 FIFA World Cup, stated that the Club World Championship provided "a fantastic chance of becoming the first genuine world champions." The competition gave away US$28 million in prize money and its TV rights, worth US$40 million, were sold to 15 broadcasters across five continents. The final draw of the first Club World Championship was done on 14 October 1999 at the Copacabana Palace Hotel in Rio de Janeiro.

The inaugural competition was planned to be contested in 1999 by the continental club winners of 1998, the Intercontinental Cup winners and the host nation's national club champions, but it was postponed by one year. When it was rescheduled, the competition had eight new participants from the continental champions of 1999: Brazilian clubs Corinthians and Vasco da Gama, English side Manchester United, Mexican club Necaxa, Moroccan club Raja CA, Spanish side Real Madrid, Saudi club Al-Nassr, and Australian club South Melbourne. The first goal of the competition was scored by Real Madrid's Nicolas Anelka against Al-Nassr; Real Madrid went on to win the match 3–1. The final was an all-Brazilian affair, as well as the only one which saw one side have home advantage. Vasco da Gama could not take advantage of its local support, being beaten by Corinthians 4–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw in 90 minutes and extra time.

The second edition of the competition was planned for Spain in 2001, and would have featured 12 clubs. The draw was performed at A Coruña on 6 March 2001. However, it was cancelled on 18 May, due to a combination of factors, most importantly the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner International Sport and Leisure. The participants of the cancelled edition received US$750,000 each in compensation; the Real Federación Española de Fútbol (RFEF) also received US$1 million from FIFA. Another attempt to stage the competition in 2003, in which 17 countries were looking to be the host nation, also failed to happen. FIFA agreed with UEFA, CONMEBOL and Toyota to merge the Intercontinental Cup and Club World Championship into one event. The final Intercontinental Cup, played by representatives clubs of most developed continents in the football world, was in 2004, with a relaunched Club World Championship held in Japan in December 2005. All the winning teams of the Intercontinental Cup were regarded by worldwide mass media and football's community as de facto "world champions"  until 2017 when FIFA officially (de jure) recognised all of them as official club world champions in equal status to the FIFA Club World Cup winners.

Knock-out tournaments (2005–present)
The 2005 version was shorter than the previous World Championship, reducing the problem of scheduling the tournament around the different club seasons across each continent. It contained just the six reigning continental champions, with the CONMEBOL and UEFA representatives receiving byes to the semi-finals. A new trophy was introduced replacing the Intercontinental trophy, the Toyota trophy and the trophy of 2000. The draw for the 2005 edition of the competition took place in Tokyo on 30 July 2005 at The Westin Tokyo. The 2005 edition saw São Paulo pushed to the limit by Saudi side Al-Ittihad to reach the final. In the final, one goal from Mineiro was enough to dispatch English club Liverpool; Mineiro became the first player to score in a Club World Cup final.

Internacional defeated defending World and South American champions São Paulo in the 2006 Copa Libertadores Finals in order to qualify for the 2006 tournament. At the semi-finals, Internacional beat Egyptian side Al Ahly in order to meet Barcelona in the final. A late goal from Adriano Gabiru kept the trophy in Brazil. It was in 2007 when Brazilian hegemony was finally broken: AC Milan won a close match against Japan's Urawa Red Diamonds, who were pushed by over 67,000 fans at Yokohama's International Stadium, and won 1–0 to reach the final. In the final, Milan crushed Boca Juniors 4–2, in a match that saw the first player sent off in a Club World Cup final: Milan's Kakha Kaladze from Georgia in the 77th minute. Eleven minutes later, Boca Junior's Pablo Ledesma would join Kaladze as he too was sent off. The following year, Manchester United would emulate Milan by beating their semi-final opponents, Japan's Gamba Osaka, 5–3. They saw off Ecuadorian club LDU Quito 1–0 to become world champions in 2008. United Arab Emirates successfully applied for the right to host the FIFA Club World Cup in 2009 and 2010. Barcelona dethroned World and European champions Manchester United in the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final to qualify for the 2009 Club World Cup. Barcelona beat Mexican club Atlante in the semi-finals 3–1 and met Estudiantes in the final. After a very close encounter which saw the need for extra-time, Lionel Messi scored from a header to snatch victory for Barcelona and complete an unprecedented sextuple. The 2010 edition saw the first non-European and non-South American side to reach the final: TP Mazembe from the Democratic Republic of Congo defeated Brazil's Internacional 2–0 in the semi-final to face Internazionale, who beat South Korean club Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma 3–0 to reach the final. Internazionale went on to beat Mazembe with the same scoreline to complete their quintuple.

The FIFA Club World Cup returned to Japan for the 2011 and 2012 editions. In 2011, Barcelona comfortably won their semi-final match 4–0 against Qatari club Al Sadd. In the final, Barcelona won against Santos by the same scoreline for their second title. Messi also became the first player to score in two different Club World Cup finals. The 2012 edition saw Europe's dominance come to an end as Corinthians, boasting over 30,000 travelling fans which was dubbed the "Invasão da Fiel", travelled to Japan to join Barcelona in being two-time winners of the competition. In the semi-finals, Al-Ahly managed to keep the scoreline close as Corinthians' Paolo Guerrero scored to send the Timão into their second final. Guerrero would once again come through for Corinthians as the Timão saw off English side Chelsea 1–0 in order to bring the trophy back to Brazil.

2013 and 2014 had the Club World Cup moving to Morocco. The first edition saw a Cinderella run of host team Raja CA, who had to start in the play-off round and became the second African team to reach the final, after defeating Brazil's Atlético Mineiro in the semi-final. Like Mazembe, Raja also lost to the European champion, this time a 2–0 defeat to Bayern Munich. 2014 again had a decision between South America and Europe, and Real Madrid beat San Lorenzo 2–0.

The 2015 and 2016 editions once again saw Japan as hosts for the 7th and 8th time respectively in the 12th and 13th editions of the FIFA Club World Cup. The 2015 edition saw a final between River Plate and FC Barcelona. FC Barcelona lifted their third FIFA Club World Cup, with Suarez scoring two goals and Lionel Messi scoring one goal in the Final. One notable thing that occurred in the 2015 tournament was that Sanfrecce Hiroshima made it to third place, the farthest ever achieved by a Japanese club. This record would not last though, as the 2016 edition saw J1 League winners Kashima Antlers making it to the Final (outscoring rivals 7–1), against Real Madrid. A Gaku Shibasaki inspired Kashima attempted to win their first FIFA Club World Cup (a feat never done by any club outside of Europe and South America), but were denied by Real Madrid, who won 4–2 in extra time, thanks to a hat-trick by Cristiano Ronaldo.

The UAE returned to host the event in 2017 and 2018. 2017 involved the likes of Real Madrid becoming the first team in Club World Cup history to return to the tournament to defend their title. Real Madrid became the first team to successfully defend their title after defeating Grêmio in the Final, all while eliminating Al Jazira in the Semi-Finals. Al-Ain was the first Emirati team to reach the Club World Cup final, as well as the second Asian team to reach the final in the 2018 edition. Real Madrid defeated Al-Ain 4–1 in the final, to win their fourth title in the competition and to become the first team ever to win it three years in a row and four times in total in the tournament's history. Thus, Real Madrid extended their international titles to seven after winning the 2018 edition (counting their three Intercontinental Cup titles and four Club World Cup titles).

On 3 June 2019, FIFA selected Qatar as the host of both the 2019 and 2020 events. Gonzalo Belloso, the Deputy Secretary General and development director of CONMEBOL, previously said that the 2019 and 2020 editions will be held in Japan. The 2019 edition saw Liverpool defeat Flamengo to win the competition for the first time. In the 2020 edition, Bayern Munich beat Tigres UANL 1–0, completing their sextuple. The 2021 tournament was won by Chelsea, who defeated Palmeiras 2–1 after extra time for their first title.

Expansion
In late 2016, FIFA President Gianni Infantino suggested an expansion of the Club World Cup to 32 teams beginning in 2019 and the reschedule to June to be more balanced and more attractive to broadcasters and sponsors. In late 2017, FIFA discussed proposals to expand the competition to 24 teams and have it be played every four years by 2021, replacing the FIFA Confederations Cup.

The new tournament with 24 teams was supposed to start in 2021 and would have included all UEFA Champions League winners, UEFA Champions League runners-up, UEFA Europa League winners, and Copa Libertadores winners from the four seasons up to and including the year of the event, with the remainder qualifying from the other four confederations. Along with a new UEFA Nations League competition, revenues of $25 billion would be expected during the period from 2021 to 2033. The first tournament would have been played in China; however, the tournament was cancelled due to scheduling issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

On 16 December 2022, FIFA announced an expanded tournament that would have 32 teams and start in June 2025. The International Federation of Professional Footballers and World Leagues Forum both immediately criticized the proposal. On 23 June 2023, FIFA confirmed that the United States will host the 2025 tournament as a prelude to the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The 32 teams will be divided into 8 groups of 4 teams with the top 2 teams in each group qualifying to the knockout stage. The FIFA Council also unanimously approved the concept of an annual club competition from 2024, called the FIFA Intercontinental Cup, in response to the fact that the FIFA Club World Cup was last held in its previous guise in 2023.

The format of the tournament has caused controversy, with many clubs and national associations opposing its scheduling and accusing FIFA of prioritizing money over players' health, arguing that the addition of the new FIFA Intercontinental Cup could lead to competition overload and put players' health at risk.

Finals

 * Notes

Performances by confederation
Africa's best representatives were TP Mazembe from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Moroccan club Raja CA, which finished second in 2010 and 2013, respectively. Asia's best representatives were Kashima Antlers from Japan, Al-Ain from the United Arab Emirates and Al-Hilal from Saudi Arabia, finishing second in 2016, 2018 and 2022, respectively. North America's best result was Mexican team Tigres UANL, which earned a second-place finish in 2020. These six clubs are the only sides from outside Europe and South America to reach the final.

Auckland City from New Zealand earned third place in 2014, the only time to date that an Oceanian team reached the semi-finals of the tournament.

Format and rules
As of 2022, most teams qualify to the FIFA Club World Cup by winning their continental competitions, be it the AFC Champions League, CAF Champions League, CONCACAF Champions League, Copa Libertadores, OFC Champions League or UEFA Champions League. Aside from these, the host nation's national league champions qualify as well.

The maiden edition of this competition was separated into two rounds. The eight participants were split into two groups of four teams. The winner of each group met in the final while the runners-up played for third place. The competition changed its format during the 2005 relaunch into a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shoot-outs used to decide the winner if necessary. It featured six clubs competing over a two-week period. There were three stages: the quarter-final round, the semi-final round and the final. The quarter-final stage pitted the Oceanian Champions League winners, the African Champions League winners, the Asian Champions League winners and the North American Champions League winners against each other. Afterwards, the winners of those games would go on to the semi-finals to play the European Champions League winners and South America's Copa Libertadores winners. The victors of each semi-final would play go on to play in the final.

With the introduction of this format, a fifth place match and a spot for the host nation's national league champions were added. There are now four stages: the play-off round, the quarter-final round, the semi-final round and the final. The first stage pits the host nation's national league champions against the Oceanian Champions League winners. The winner of that stage would go on the quarter-finals to join the African Champions League winners, the AFC Champions League winners and the CONCACAF Champions League winners. The winners of those games would go on to the semi-finals to play the UEFA Champions League winners and South America's Copa Libertadores winners. The winners of each semi-final play each other in the final.

Starting from 2022, the match for fifth place is no longer played.

Trophy
The trophy used during the inaugural competition was called the FIFA Club World Championship Cup. The original laurel was created by Sawaya & Moroni, an Italian designer company that produces contemporary designs with cultural backgrounds and design concepts. The designing firm is based in Milan. The fully silver-coloured trophy had a weight of 4 kg and a height of 37.5 cm. Its base and widest points are 10 cm long. The trophy had a base of two pedestals which had four rectangular pillars. Two of the four pillars had inscriptions on them; one contained the phrase, "FIFA Club World Championship" imprinted across. The other had the letters "FIFA" inscribed on it. On top, a football based on the 1998 FIFA World Cup ball, the Adidas Tricolore, can be seen. The production costs of the laurel was US$25,000. It was presented for the first time at Sheraton Hotels and Resorts in Rio de Janeiro on 4 January 2000.

The tournament, in its present format, shares its name with the current trophy, also called the FIFA Club World Cup or simply la Copa, which is awarded to the FIFA Club World Cup winner. It was unveiled at Tokyo on 30 July 2005 during the draw of that year's edition of the competition. The laurel was designed in 2005 in Birmingham, United Kingdom, at Thomas Fattorini Ltd, by English designer Jane Powell, alongside her assistant Dawn Forbes, at the behest of FIFA. The gold-and-silver-coloured trophy, weighing 5.2 kg, has a height of 50 cm. Its base and widest points are also measured at exactly 20 cm. It is made out of a combination of brass, copper, sterling silver, gilding metal, aluminium, chrome and rhodium. The trophy itself is gold plated.

The design, according to FIFA, shows six staggered pillars, representing the six participating teams from the respective six confederations, and one separate metal structure referencing the winner of the competition. They hold up a globe in the shape of a football – a consistent feature in almost all of FIFA's trophies. The golden pedestal has the phrase, "FIFA Club World Cup", imprinted at the bottom.

Awards
At the end of each Club World Cup, awards are presented to the players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently three awards:

 * The Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members, who is also awarded the Alibaba Cloud Award (the presenting sponsor of the FIFA Club World Cup); the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively.
 * The Player of the Match (formerly known as the "Man of the Match") for the best performing player in each tournament match. It was first awarded in 2013.
 * The FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team with the best fair play record, according to the points system and criteria established by the FIFA Fair Play Committee.

The winners of the competition are also entitled to receive the FIFA Champions Badge; it features an image of the trophy, which the reigning champion is entitled to display on its first-team kit only, up until and including, the final of the next championship. The first edition of the badge was presented to Milan, the winners of the 2007 final. All four previous champions were allowed to wear the badge until the 2008 final, where Manchester United gained the sole right to wear the badge by winning the trophy.

Each tournament's top three teams receives a set of gold, silver or bronze medals to distribute to their players.

Prize money
The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was the inaugural edition of this competition; it provided US$28 million in prize money for its participants. The prize money received by the clubs participating was divided into fixed payments based on participation and results. Clubs finishing the tournament from fifth to eighth place received US$2.5 million. The club who would eventually finish in fourth place received US$3 million while the third-place team received US$4 million. The runner-up earned US$5 million while the eventual champions would gain US$6 million.

The relaunch of the tournament in 2005 FIFA Club World Championship saw different amounts of prize money given and some changes in the criteria of receiving certain amounts. The total amount of prize money given dropped to US$16 million. The winners received US$5 million and the runners-up US$4 million, with $2.5 million for third place, US$2 million for fourth, US$1.5 million for fifth and US$1 million for sixth.

For the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup, a play-off match between the OFC champions and the host-nation champions for entry into the quarter-final stage was introduced in order to increase home interest in the tournament. The reintroduction of the match for fifth place for the 2008 competition also prompted an increase in prize money by US$500,000 to a total of US$16.5 million.

Sponsorship
Like the FIFA World Cup, the FIFA Club World Cup is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations. Toyota Motor Corporation, a Japanese multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, was the Presenting Partner of the FIFA Club World Cup until its sponsorship agreement expired at the end of December 2014 and was not renewed.

In 2015, Alibaba Group signed an eight-year contract to become the Presenting Partner of the competition.

The inaugural competition had six event sponsors: Fujifilm, Hyundai, JVC, McDonald's, Budweiser and MasterCard.

Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising, even if such sponsors conflict with those of the FIFA Club World Cup. However, only one main sponsor is permitted per jersey in addition to that of the kit manufacturer.

Records and statistics
Toni Kroos has won the FIFA Club World Cup six times, which is the record for the most by any player. Cristiano Ronaldo holds the record of being the overall top goalscorer in FIFA Club World Cup history with seven goals. Hussein El Shahat is the player with the most appearances in the competition, with fifteen.

Real Madrid have won the FIFA Club World Cup a record five times. They also have the most wins (12) and most total goals scored in the competition (40). Auckland City have participated in the most different tournaments (11), while Al Ahly have played the most matches in the competition (25).

Official songs
Like most international football tournaments, the FIFA Club World Cup has featured official songs for each tournament since 2005.

Reception
Since its inception in 2000, the competition, despite its name and the contestants' achievements, has received differing reception. In most of Europe it struggles to find broad media attention compared to the UEFA Champions League and commonly lacks recognition as a high-ranking contest. In South America, however, it is widely considered the highest point in the career of a footballer, coach and/or team at international club level.

The competition is also criticised, mainly by the European press and fans among others, for its format, which favours the UEFA and CONMEBOL teams, since their representatives start in the semi-finals and can only meet each other in the final match. The opening up of the global market in football has changed the balance. Nowadays, the best South Americans are usually playing for the European teams. FIFA's decision to choose the competition's host based on financial factors rather than footballing ones, as in the case of Qatar, has also been criticised. Additionally, the economic benefits to the winning team are considered inferior to any Super Cup prizes.

title: FIFA Club World Cup