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Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan

Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan (, known as Gul-i-Rana; 13 February 1905 – 13 June 1990) was the First Lady of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951 as the wife of Liaquat Ali Khan who served as the 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan. She was also the first female governor in Pakistan, serving Sindh. She was one of the leading woman figures in the Pakistan Movement, and a career economist, and prominent stateswoman from the start of the cold war till the fall and the end of the Cold War.

She was one of the leading women politicians and nationwide respected female personalities witnessed key major events in Pakistan. She was one of the leading and pioneering women figures in the Pakistan Movement and served as the executive member of Pakistan Movement committee working under Muhammad Ali Jinnah. She also served as economic adviser to Jinnah's Pakistan Movement Committee and later became First Lady of Pakistan when her husband Liaqat Khan Ali became Pakistan's first prime minister. Rana Liaqat Ali khan as First Lady of Pakistan, she launched programs for woman's development in the newly founded country. Later, she would start her career as a stateswoman that would last a decade.

In the 1970s, she joined hands with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's political movement and joined the socialist government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, elected prime minister at that time. She was one of the most trusted and close government and economical advisers to Bhutto and his government, and had played influential role and involved with many key economical decisions taken by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto led the appointment of Ra'ana as the Governor of Sindh Province, and she took the oath on 15 February 1973. Ra'ana was the first woman Governor of Sindh as well as first Chancellor of University of Karachi. In 1977, Ra'ana along with Bhutto and his party, and won the parliamentary elections of 1977, but did not take the gubernatorial office due to martial law imposed by General Zia-ul-Haq, Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan Army. Ra'ana went on to work and dedicated her life for the social and economic benefit of women of Pakistan till her death in 1990. She died in 1990 due to cardiac arrest and was buried in Karachi, with full state and military honours given to her in her funeral. Because of her services and efforts for medical and woman development and woman empowerment, Ra'ana is commonly known as "Māder-e-Pakistan" (English translation: Mother of Pakistan).

Early life and education
Sheila Irene Pant was born in Almora, Kumaon in 1905 in a Kumaoni Brahmin family that had converted to Christianity in 1869. She attended the University of Lucknow, where in 1927 she was awarded a BA degree in Economics and a Bachelor of Theology in Religious Studies. In 1929, she obtained a double MSc in Economics and Sociology. She began her career as a teacher in the Gokhale Memorial School after completing the Teachers Diploma Course from the Diocesan College, Calcutta. She was appointed as Professor of Economics at Indraprastha College, Delhi, in 1931 and met Liaqat Ali Khan in the same year when he visited to deliver a lecture on law. The couple married in 1932. At this time, she converted to Islam and took the name Begum Ra'ana (Gul-i-Rana) Liaqat Ali Khan. After the reorganisation of the Muslim League, Begum Ra'ana devoted herself to the task of creating political consciousness amongst the Muslim women society of the British Indian Empire. During this time, Ra'anna became an executive member of Jinnah's Working Committee and served there as economical adviser. Her struggle for emancipation and support for Pakistan continued till the creation of Pakistan for Muslims of India in 1947.

Pakistan Movement
With her husband, Ra'ana strongly opposed the Simon Commission. While a Professor of Economics, Ra'ana intensely mobilised students from her college and went to the Legislative Assembly to hear her husband's debate carrying placards of "Simon Go Home". With Liaquat Ali Khan winning the debate, she became an instant hero with her friends. She later sold him a ticket to a stage show to raise funds for flood relief in Bihar. Ra'ana proved to be Liaquat Ali Khan's constant partner and companion. She became politically involved with her husband and played a major role in the Pakistan Movement. She became a defining moment in Pakistan's history when she accompanied her husband to London, United Kingdom in May 1933. There, she and Khan met with Jinnah at Hamstead Heath residence, and successfully convinced Jinnah to return to the British Indian Empire to resume the leadership of the All India Muslim League. Jinnah returned to India, and Ra'ana was appointed as an executive member of the Muslim League and the Chairperson of the Economic Division of the Party.

In 1942, when it became apparent that Imperial Japan was near attacking India, Jinnah summoned Ra'ana and said to her "Be prepared to train the women. Islam doesn't want women to be shut up and never see fresh air". To undertake this task, Ra'ana organised Muslim women in the same year, when she formed a small volunteer medical corps for nursing and first aid in Delhi. Begum Ra'ana played an important role in creating political awareness among women. Ra'ana was among the aspiring women in South Asia and encouraged hundreds of women to fight for Pakistan shoulder-to-shoulder with men.

First Lady
Ra'ana was the first First Lady of Pakistan. As First Lady, she initiated reforms for woman and child development and social progress of women, and played a major role for women's part in Pakistan's politics. After the assassination of her husband Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951, Begum Ra'ana continued her services for the social and economic benefit of women of Pakistan till her death in 1990. One of the daunting challenges for her was to organise health services for women and children migrating from India to Pakistan.

In 1947, as the refugees poured in from across the border, amidst the most pitiable of conditions with cholera, diarrhoea and smallpox being common sights everywhere, she called upon women to come forward and collect food and medical supplies from government offices. The women came forward despite the resistance they faced from certain sections of society, including certain newspapers where they were attacked in the most vicious manner by elements that did not want women to come out from their "four walls". She firmly believed that for a society to do justice to itself, it was pertinent that women played their due role in reforming society alongside the men.

During this point in Pakistan's history there weren't many nurses in Karachi, so Begum Liaquat asked the army to train women to give injections and first aid. Women were thus trained in three to six-month courses and as such the para-military forces for women were formed. The Pakistan Army quickly established Army Medical Corps and recruited a large number of women nurses as army nurses. During this period, girls were also personally encouraged by Begum Liaquat to take up nursing as a profession. They were also taught the rifle drill, to decode ciphers, typing and a host of other duties so they could be useful in times of national crisis like the refugee crisis of 1947.

Initiatives for women
Ra'ana founded the Women's National Guard (PWNG), and helped established the Women's Naval Reserves in the Navy, and was appointed as the Chief Controller. For her immense services to the military as a civilian, the Pakistan Army notably appointed her as the first woman Brigadier, and an honorary uniform was issued especially for her. The Pakistan Woman National Guard was intended to fight for women's rights and aimed to prevent brutal treatment of women, either received from their spouses or caused by domestic violence. At first, the organisation was successful and took strong initiatives in West-Pakistan to lower the rate of violence against women, as she was the organisation's president. But after her husband's death, Ra'ana left Pakistan as she was appointed Pakistan's Ambassador to the Netherlands. Following her departure, the Pakistan Women National Guard was soon disbanded due to financial distress and the government's apathy. However, the Pakistan Woman Naval Reserves still continues as of today where many women joined the Navy through this program. The program has lasting effects in Pakistan's Armed Forces, and the Army and Air Force later established a Woman Reserves program as part of her vision.

Establishment of APWA
In 1949, Begum Ra'ana arranged a conference of over 100 active women from all over Pakistan. The conference announced the formation of a voluntary and non-political organisation for the social, educational and cultural uplift of the women, named All Pakistan Women's Association (APWA). She was nominated as its first president and unlike Pakistan Women National Guard, the APWA continued to grow as it continuously fought for women's rights in Pakistan. For its services, the Government of Pakistan established APWA College in Lahore as part of its struggle.

Career as stateswoman

After her husband's death, Ra'ana went on to start her career as a stateswoman that lasted more than 2 decades. In 1952, Ra'ana was the first Muslim woman delegate to the United Nations. In 1954, the Government of Pakistan had appointed her as Pakistan's Ambassador to the Netherlands, and also was the first woman ambassador of Pakistan. She represented Pakistan in the Netherlands until 1961 and was also the doyen of the Diplomatic Corps. In June 1966, she was appointed as Pakistan's Ambassador to Italy and stayed there until 1965. Later, she was directed to Tunisia as Pakistan's Ambassador to Tunisia and held this position until March 1966. Following her return to Pakistan, Ra'ana joined Rana Liaquat Ali Khan Government College of Home Economics as Professor of Economics and stayed there until 1973. The Government College University awarded her an honorary doctorate in economics and conferred her with a Doctor of Philosophy in Economics in 1967.

Bhutto's companion
In 1972, as Pakistan was dismembered and going through an intense crisis, Ra'ana joined hands with then-President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and his political movement, and joined the socialist government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Ra'ana was part of Bhutto's Ministry of Finance and Economics and played a major and influential role in decisions being made concerning economics. Bhutto encouraged her to participate in upcoming elections, and won elections of 1973. Bhutto did not waste time to appoint Ra'ana as Governor of Sindh Province. Ra'ana then became the first woman governor in Pakistan. She was also the first Chancellor of Sindh University and Karachi University. She continued her term until 1976 when new elections were held. Ra'ana again contested in the 1977 parliamentary elections but did not take the gubernatorial office due to martial law imposed by General Zia-ul-Haq, Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army. She was one of the personalities that argued against the martial law and against the execution of Bhutto. On the day when Bhutto was executed, Ra'ana was reported to be disheartened and emotionally distressed and cried over Bhutto's death for more than three days constantly. Ra'ana launched an anti-Zia campaign and fought against the military government of General Zia-ul-Haq. She single-handedly took on Pakistan's most powerful man, General Zia-ul-Haq, at that time. It was during the 1980s, when she, despite her illness and old age, publicly attacked the general for passing Islamic laws that were contradictory to Islamic teachings and clearly against women. The general, out of respect for her position in society and achievements, decided to leave her alone.

Death
Begum Liaquat died on 13 June 1990 and was buried next to her husband in the precincts of the Quaid-e-Azam's Mausoleum. With her has ended a historic period for the women and youth of Pakistan who, in future generations, will no doubt seek inspiration from Begum Liaquat's life and contributions to the emancipation of women.

Honors and legacy
Ra'ana is considered one of the greatest female leaders Pakistan has produced. In Pakistan, she is given the title of "Mother of Pakistan", received in 1950. Ra'ana continues to be seen as a symbol of selfless service to the cause of humanity and uplift of women. In recognition of her lifelong struggle for women's rights, she was awarded the United Nations Human Rights Award in 1978. Her many other awards and medals include the Jane Adam's Medal in 1950, Woman of Achievement Medal 1950, Mother of Pakistan in 1950, Nishan-i-Imtiaz in 1959, Grand Cross of Orange Nassau in 1961 (the Netherlands), International Gimbel Award 1962, Woman of the World in 1965 chosen by the Turkish Women's Association, Ankara, and Vavaliera di Gran Croce in 1966 (Italy).

 * United Nation's Human Rights Award (1978)
 * honorary doctorate in Economics (1967)
 * Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1 March 1966)
 * Woman of the World, Turkish Women's Association (1965)
 * Grand Cross of Orange Nassau (1961)
 * Nishan-i-Imtiaz (1951)
 * Mother of Pakistan in 1950
 * Jane Addams Medal in 1950
 * Woman of Achievement Medal 1950

Eponymous

 * Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan, Government College of Home Economics (RLAK CHE), Karachi – The economics research institutes of the Government College University established in the 1960s in her honour.
 * Raana Liaquat Model Colony – a settlement in Karachi named after Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan.

Awards and honours

 * Government of Pakistan honoured her with the highest military honour Nishan-e-Imtiaz.
 * Queen Juliana of the Netherlands conferred on her the Grand Cross of Orange–Nassau.
 * Recipient of the International Gimbel Award for service to humanity (1962).
 * United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights for her outstanding contribution to the promotion and protection of the human rights embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in other United Nations human rights instruments (1978).

title: Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan


text:
1960 New Zealand general election

The 1960 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 33rd term. It saw the governing Labour Party defeated by the National Party, putting an end to the short second Labour government.

Background
The Labour Party had won the 1957 election by a narrow margin, beginning New Zealand's second period of Labour government. However, the new administration soon lost its narrow lead in public opinion, with its financial policies being the principal cause of dissatisfaction. The so-called "Black Budget", introduced by finance minister Arnold Nordmeyer, increased taxes substantially, with particularly large increases for alcohol and tobacco taxes; Labour became widely seen as both miserly and puritanical. The government defended its tax increases as a necessary measure to avert a balance of payments crisis, but the opposition, led by Keith Holyoake, made substantial gains out of the issue throughout the parliamentary term.

Both parties crafted narratives on the history of the balance of payments crisis in the lead up to the election. Holyoake tried to argue that overseas funds had not fallen as much as Nash said in 1957, and that Labour had produced a panic budget. Moreover, the over-importing was due to a fear of import controls if Labour should win. Nash continued to stress that National had produced the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression and that Labour had averted further disaster by its action. Coincidentally, at the beginning of the election another drop in overseas funds occurred, but neither party commented much about it.

Labour's main policy platform was on industrialization particularly with new cotton mills in Nelson. Nash constantly repeated the theme people in New Zealand had 'never been so well off' and pamphlets stated 'everyone, everywhere, will again be better off', closely mirroring British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's winning slogan in 1959, 'You've never had it so good'. National's campaign promised to lower taxes, reduce import controls and abolish compulsory unionism.

A very thorough study of the election by three political scientists concluded that National's preparations for the election, organization, and publicity were much better than Labour's which was the main reason for the result with little substantial differences between the parties in policy. National's party organisation recognised their win was mostly due to public mood against Labour and many traditional Labour voters not bothering to vote. As a result Labour's vote share had fallen more than National's had risen.

MPs retiring in 1960
Five National MPs and four Labour MPs intended to retire at the end of the 32nd Parliament.

The election
The date for the main 1960 election was 26 November. 1,310,742 people were registered to vote, and turnout was 89.8%. This turnout was slightly lower than what had been recorded in the previous elections. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.

Results
The 1960 election saw the governing Labour Party defeated by a twelve-seat margin, having previously held a two-seat majority. National won a total of 46 seats to Labour's 34 seats, and formed the second National government. In the popular vote, National won 47.59% to Labour's 43.42%.

The Social Credit Party won 8.62% of the vote, but no seats. Three of their candidates missed the nomination deadline, and the opening address of the party leader P. H. Matthews was not noteworthy.

Three new National members of parliament were called the Young Turks: Peter Gordon, Duncan MacIntyre and Robert Muldoon. The other new National MPs were Esme Tombleson, Bill Brown, Harry Lapwood, Logan Sloane, Bert Walker, and Dan Riddiford.

Paddy Blanchfield, Ron Bailey, Norman Douglas and George Spooner entered parliament for Labour.

Votes summary
The table below shows the results of the 1960 general election:

Key

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates

| Hauraki | style="background-color:;" | | colspan=3 style="text-align:center;background-color:;" | Arthur Kinsella | style="text-align:right;" | 2,635 | style="background-color:;" | | style="text-align:center;" | Albert Clifford Tucker

|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates

Table footnotes:
 * }

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1960 New Zealand general election


text: User talk:138.23.2.196

title: User talk:138.23.2.196


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Salt Lake Valley

Salt Lake Valley is a 500 sqmi valley in Salt Lake County in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Utah. It contains Salt Lake City and many of its suburbs, notably Murray, Sandy, South Jordan, West Jordan, and West Valley City; its total population is 1,029,655 as of 2010. Brigham Young said, "this is the right place," when he and his fellow Mormon settlers moved into Utah after being driven out of several states.

Geography
The Valley is surrounded in every direction except the northwest by steep mountains that at some points rise 7100 ft from the valley floor's base elevation. It lies nearly encircled by the Wasatch Mountains on the east, the Oquirrh Mountains on the west, Traverse Ridge to the south and the Great Salt Lake on the northwest, with the peaks of Antelope Island visible.

Every entrance into the valley is extremely narrow and often congested. They include the Point of the Mountain to the south via the Jordan Narrows, a gap in the Traverse Mountains, narrow entrances between the Great Salt Lake and Oquirrh Mountains to the northwest and the Great Salt Lake and the Wasatch Mountains to the north, and several canyons to the east including Parley's Canyon and Emigration Canyon.

Flowing from Utah Lake in Utah Valley in the south, the Jordan River runs north through a gap in the Traverse Mountains, bisecting the Valley before emptying into the Great Salt Lake. The Jordan River, along with numerous mountain streams and reservoirs, provides irrigation water to the rapidly growing Valley.

The geography of the Salt Lake Valley combined with the prevalence of industrial pollution and to some extent, fossil fuel burning vehicles, leads to poor air quality in Utah.

Development
A company known as Kennecott Land, which owns the eastern foothills of the Oquirrhs in the western part of the valley, recently drafted a plan that would develop the rest of the entire valley within 75 years, adding at least 500,000 residents. The first development, known as the Daybreak Community, has substantial portions already completed but continues construction. It will focus on transit-oriented development (it already has service by TRAX light rail and will also feature a ski resort in the Oquirrh Mountains and a university campus).

Interstate 15 runs north to south through the middle-eastern portion of the Valley and Interstate 80 runs east to west in the northern quarter of the Valley from Parley's Canyon into Tooele County to the west (where it cuts across a small portion of the Great Salt Lake). The Interstate 215 belt route, State Route 154 (Bangerter Highway), State Route 201 (21st South Freeway), and State Route 85 (Mountain View Corridor) are also major transportation routes. The Utah Transit Authority operates an extensive bus system across the Wasatch Front, including the Salt Lake Valley, in addition to three light rail lines (known as TRAX) in the Valley. A commuter rail line known as FrontRunner runs north to Pleasant View in Weber County and south to Provo in Utah County.

title: Salt Lake Valley


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Random Guy

Random Guy was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete

Random Guy

 * Not encyclopedic, possibly vanity. Tuf-Kat 06:28, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Appears to be a forum injoke gone horribly wrong. [[User:Mo0|Mo0 [ talk ] ]] 06:32, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Appears to be just some random guy. - RedWordSmith 06:37, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'd like to see this speedied, it's just vanity.[maestro] 09:50, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --MPerel 09:51, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I Agreee.  --Randy 12:04, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 14:40, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Random delete. anthony 警告 18:36, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * So let me get this straight, "Random Guy" is some random guy? Wow, ain't encyclopedias something, making information like that available to everyone. Delete. -R. fiend 18:40, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:19, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete.--Xadai 22:33, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:2004 Atlantic hurricane season named storms

from VfD:

Unnecessary article, duplicates information at 2004 Atlantic hurricane season, and only deals with the ones that hit the USA anyway. --Golbez 06:30, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * This definitely doesn't need its own page. Delete. [[User:Mo0|Mo0 [ talk ] ]] 06:47, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Since it's all duplicate info anyway. --MPerel 09:52, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It might be duplicate info, but if the other site has problems, I'm sure the others have a right to come here and see said info. Scott Gall 10:35, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * "Other site"? -- Cyrius|✎ 01:42, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Not sure what you're saying, Scott. Both items are entries in the same Wikipedia, not external sites.  My vote is delete.  It's an abortive attempt to catalog some events, but a much better job is done in the other article. --[[User:Tony Sidaway|Tony Sidaway|Talk]] 13:23, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 14:39, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge (or don't) and redirect. I don't see the harm in keeping a redirect, and a redirect will keep any links from outside websites from breaking.  (note to anyone counting votes, merge and redirect counts as a keep, not a delete) anthony 警告 18:25, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not useful, hasn't been in existence long enough to pick up significant outside links. -- Cyrius|✎ 01:42, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * All outside links are significant. anthony 警告 00:27, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I disagree. I also have my doubts that there are any outside pages linking to it, although I have no proof. -- Cyrius|✎ 00:52, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Chuq 05:42, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * deleteMozzerati 19:15, 2004 Dec 4 (UTC)
 * Redirects are your friend! -Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 04:07, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion


text: User:Bob the Cannibal

title: User:Bob the Cannibal


text:
Amur Cart Road

The Amur Cart Road or Amur Wheel Road (Аму́рская колёсная доро́га or Аму́рская колесу́ха, tr. Amurskaya kolesuha) was a 2000 km cartage road in Amur Oblast of Imperial Russia that connected Khabarovsk with Blagoveshchensk through mostly uninhabited areas of taiga and swamps.

The road was built during 1898–1909 with nearly exclusive usage of katorga prison labor. It was praised as a success in its use of penal labor, claiming that no other country had any prison labor project comparable in scale. In 1905 over 700 convicts were simultaneously at work on the road. In this respect it was unsurpassed in the Gulag system of the Soviet Union.

title: Amur Cart Road


text:
Milk River, Alberta

Milk River is a town in Alberta, Canada that is named after the Milk River which flows immediately to its south. This location results in Milk River being one of the few Canadian communities within the Mississippi River drainage system. It is 70 km south of Lethbridge, and 16 km from the Canada–United States border. It is primarily a service centre for the many farms and cattle ranches which surround it.

History
The Milk River area was first settled around the beginning of the 20th century. Milk River was incorporated as a village on July 31, 1916, and then a town on March 15, 1956.

The town's motto, "Under Eight Flags", refers to the area having been under the flags of seven governments as well as the Hudson's Bay Company. Including the Hudson's Bay Company's flag (1818–1869), the eight flags are France (1682–1760), the Spanish Empire (1769–1801), the French Republic (1801–1803), the United States (1803–1818), the British Empire (1869–1945), the Canadian Red Ensign (1945–1965), and the current Canadian Maple Leaf (1965–present).

Climate
The nearest weather station is in Masinasin, Alberta, which is approximately 36 km away.

Milk River has a humid continental climate (Dfb) and enjoys some of the warmest summers in Alberta, along with milder winters.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Milk River had a population of 824 living in 383 of its 436 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 827. With a land area of 2.42 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Milk River recorded a population of 827 living in 375 of its 420 total private dwellings, a NaN% change from its 2011 population of 811. With a land area of 2.33 km2, it had a population density of in 2016.

Attractions
Recreation venues in Milk River include a nine-hole golf course, curling rink, and swimming pool.

Rafting and canoeing the Milk River is possible in the spring months; in summer and fall river flow levels drop such that reliable canoeing and rafting cannot be had. River access can be found at Under 8 Flags Campground within the Town of Milk River, Goldsprings Park to the south of Milk River, and various bridges to the east of Milk River.

Attractions within the surrounding region that are proximate to Milk River include the following.

Devil's Coulee Dinosaur Heritage Museum

The Devil's Coulee Dinosaur Heritage Museum features a Hadrosaur (duck-billed dinosaur) nest and embryo, ancient fossils, dinosaur models.

Writing On Stone Provincial Park

Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, is one of the largest areas of protected prairie in the Alberta park system, and serves as both a nature preserve and protection for the largest concentration of rock art, created by Plains People. There are over 50 rock art sites, with thousands of figures, as well as numerous archeological sites. The park is located approximately 40 km east of Milk River.

Government
The town is governed by a town council composed of a mayor and four councillors. Municipal elections are held every four years.

Infrastructure
The town is connected to two highways: Highway 4, which heads south to Interstate 15 and north to Lethbridge, and Highway 501, which heads west to Cardston and east to Saskatchewan. Air service is provided by Milk River Airport and rail service is offered through Canadian Pacific Kansas City.

Milk River Health Centre

Health services are provided by the Milk River and District Health Centre. The hospital offers 24/7 emergency department services with on call laboratory and diagnostic imaging services. Between 2005 and 2008, the emergency department averaged 1,351 visits per year. The tertiary referral centre for the hospital is Chinook Regional Hospital in Lethbridge.

Education
Milk River has two schools – Milk River Elementary School and Erle Rivers High School.

Media
The Milk River Review was a weekly newspaper that was published between November 11, 1948 and May 27, 1954. It continued as a weekly throughout its run as The Review from June 17, 1954 to August 21, 1958, and again under the title of County of Warner Review and Advertiser between September 1, 1958 and March 30, 1961. Finally, the weekly newspaper returned to its original name, running as the Milk River Review from June 1, 1961 through to November 16, 1961.

title: Milk River, Alberta


text:
User:Rfl/RFA

I am proud to announce that I have been nominated by Quadell to become a Wikipedia administrator on December 3, 2004. The voting ended on December 10, 2004 with the result of 12 Support votes by: Quadell, jni, 172, J OHN C OLLISON , M7it, Dittaeva, Grunt, Lst27, GeneralPatton,  Andre , RedWordSmith and ffirehorse. There were no Oppose and no Neutral votes. I have been promoted by Cecropia. Now I am also an administrator on Wikimedia Commons. Having one Support vote by Quadell, no Oppose and no Neutral votes, I was promoted by villy on December 20, 2004.

title: User:Rfl/RFA


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ar15.com

AR15.com was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was Delete

Ar15.com

 * Article about a non-notable website. There's a gun called an AR15. It has a website. The website has a BBS. People on the BBS don't always limit their conversation to the AR15. I'm whelmed. -- Hoary 06:38, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * I want to join up on the AR15 forums because the internets told me to! Delete. [[User:Mo0|Mo0 [ talk ] ]] 06:46, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Maybe a good idea to leave a link at AR15, rest of info isn't helpful, delete. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 08:02, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete non-notable website looking for free advertising. DreamGuy 09:19, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable.  --Randy 12:04, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: DCEdwards1966 14:33, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. [[User:GRider|GRider\talk]] 19:19, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * UnDelete. Largest Gun related website in country. Cited in other articles such as Second Amendment article.  Many fire arms companies have presence there(Magpul, Bushmaster etc.).  SWAT magazine.  Shooting USA TV program both have their own forums there.  Membership continues to increase.  Over a quarter of a Million accounts.  Nearly 170,000 of which are paid subscribers.  With average of 3500+ members on at any given time.  Its's membership was cited as, having been significant in the election of two NRA board members this past year and in the firing of Jim Zumbo from Outdoor Life.  The site has a 13 year history and continues to grow in popularity every year.  It does not seem unnotable 5 years down the road for a "hoby" web site that is not for profit.  Most media web sites would kill for that kind of following.  With brief assessment.  Seems to have earned a place.  IMHO.  --KCPhaid 18:22, 30 Nov 2009 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Quarter (Canadian coin)

The quarter, short for quarter dollar, is a Canadian coin worth 25 cents or one-fourth of a Canadian dollar. It is a small, circular coin of silver colour. According to the Royal Canadian Mint, the official name for the coin is the 25-cent piece, but in practice it is usually called a "quarter", much like its American counterpart. In Canadian French, it is called a caribou or trente sous ("thirty sous", based on the old exchange rate). The coin is produced at the Royal Canadian Mint's facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

History of composition
From 1920 until 1967 the quarter contained 0.15 troy ounces of silver—one quarter as much as the silver dollar (0.60 ozt), one half as much as the 50-cent piece, and $2 1/2$ times more than the dime.

Commemorative reverses
Ordinarily featuring a caribou, the quarter has the most commonly altered reverse in Canada and is the usual venue for commemorative issues.

In 2004, a quarter was issued in honour of Remembrance Day, featuring a corn poppy on the reverse, a traditional symbol in Canada of that day. This resulted in an international incident in which American military contractors unfamiliar with the coin's design believed these coins were outfitted with nanotechnology designed for espionage.

1992: 125th anniversary of Confederation
In 1992, to celebrate the 125th anniversary of Confederation, the Mint released twelve commemorative coins, one for each Canadian province and territory at the time. These were the inspiration for the US 50 State Quarters program of 1999–2008. Nunavut, which separated from the Northwest Territories seven years later in 1999, was honoured with a special $2 coin.

1999–2000: millennium quarters
In April 1998, the Mint announced the "Millennium Coin Design Contest", a contest open to all Canadians to submit designs for twenty-four millennium quarters, one for each month of 1999 and 2000. The 1999 designs were meant to look back on Canada's past, while the 2000 designs looked to the future. While the 1999 coins were labeled with their month of issue, the 2000 coins were labeled with the relevant theme.

2005: Alberta and Saskatchewan centennials
In 2005, to celebrate the centennials of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, two commemorative quarters were issued. The public was given the opportunity to vote on the coin design through two toll-free phone numbers.

There were four candidate designs for the Alberta quarter: Big Sky Country, Alberta's Natural Beauty, A Dynamic Century, and Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep. The winning design was Big Sky Country, by Michelle Grant, and depicted an oil derrick with cattle grazing at its base. The coin had a mintage of 20,640,000.

There were three candidate designs for the Saskatchewan quarter: The Western Meadowlark, Canada Geese over Wascana Lake, and The Round Dance Celebration. The winning design was Western Meadowlark, designed by Paulette Sapergia. The coin's mintage was 19,290,000.

First strikes
Olympic first strikes

Canada Day
Since 2000, the RCM has been issuing colourized quarters on Canada Day with designs aimed to attract young collectors. As with other collector coins issued by the RCM, the Canada Day series coins are non-circulating legal tender.

Other notable dates

 * The 1906 Small Crown is valued in the thousands of dollars even for very poor conditions.
 * 1936 marked two valuable variations, the Bar and the Dot, both trend for over $1,000 in uncirculated condition.
 * The 1951 Low Relief was predominantly only made available in proof-like sets and have a mintage of around 500.
 * The 1973 Large Bust is among the most desired Canadian Quarter. They sell for around $300 in Proof Like or Specimen condition and can sell in the thousands for high-end circulation strikes.
 * The 1991 quarter had a low mintage, of 459,000
 * The 1992 New Brunswick quarter has several rotated die versions, with the 180-degree rotation selling for between $100 and $200 in uncirculated condition.
 * 1999 featured mule versions of the September and November quarters. These coins do not have the 25 CENTS mark on them, making them legal tender without face value. Either usually sells for over $10 depending on the condition of the coin. The Royal Canadian Mint estimates a combined mintage of 10,000 to 50,000 of the September and November mules.
 * The 2000 Millennium Map mule. Highly sought after by collectors, this is a modern rarity with about 100 known examples, as referenced in population reports of coin certification services (ICCS, CCCS, PCGS, NGC).
 * 2000P Caribou: two examples are known to exist. They fetch $40,000 or more (ICCS has graded both in MS-64: ICCS 2010 Population report). Both are in private collections.
 * 2000P Creativity: two are known to exist. They fetch $15,000 to $20,000 (ICCS has graded one in MS-62 and the other in MS-66: ICCS 2010 Population report).
 * 2000P Community: five are known to exist. They fetch $12,000 to $15,000 (ICCS has graded one in MS-60, two in MS-62, and two in MS-63: ICCS 2010 Population report).

The Tooth Fairy and Friends
Starting in 2011, the mint began selling special sets for newborn babies, birthdays, wedding anniversaries, "Oh Canada" and the Tooth Fairy. The tooth fairy quarters also come packaged separately.

Facts

 * The first commemorative coins were planned for 1927 to celebrate Canada's 60th anniversary. A contest was held and the winner for the twenty-five-cent coin was J.A.H. MacDonald; however, the Mint decided to not turn the design into coinage.
 * When coinage was changed in 1937, the caribou (currently on the quarter) was originally planned for the five-cent coin, the beaver (nickel) was planned for the ten-cent coin, and the Bluenose (dime) was planned for the twenty-five-cent coin.
 * The lowest mintage of any circulated quarter post-World War II was in 1991; low mintage was attributed to a work stoppage and using up stock in preparation for the release of the commemorative quarters the following year. The total mintage was a mere 459,000 including collector sets and proofs.
 * Canadian quarters were not issued into circulation in 1997 and 1998. In 1997, only 525,257 quarters were produced. In 1998, only 395,617 quarters were produced; even fewer than in 1991. All of them were issued in collector sets or proofs and none were issued into circulation.
 * The caribou on the 25-cent piece dates back to 1936 when a change in the sovereign's image on circulation currency prompted the Canadian government to modify the designs on the reverse side of coins as well. The caribou design was created by Canadian artist Emanuel Hahn, initially used in 1937. It has been temporarily replaced in some years; in 1967 for the Canadian centennial (with a Canada lynx), in 1973 to celebrate the centennial of the North-West Mounted Police, in 1992 for Canada's 125th anniversary, and in 1999 and 2000 by the winning designs of the Millennium coin program.

title: Quarter (Canadian coin)


text:
Royal Automobile Club of Victoria

The Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) is a motoring club and mutual organisation. It offers various services to members, including insurance and roadside assistance.

It has about 30,000 ordinary club members and 2.1 million service members who hold any product offered by RACV.

It operates two clubs for members, in the Melbourne central business district and in Healesville. The City Club was redeveloped in 2005, the Healesville Country Club in 2009.

History
Automobile Club of Victoria was founded at a meeting held at the Port Phillip Club Hotel on 9 December 1903 called by Syd Day, Henry James and James G. Coleman. Henry James Joseph "Harry" Maddox (1862-1937) was elected as its first President, and H.B. "Harry" James, its first secretary. At that first meeting, a proposal from Henry Sutton, the Australian motoring pioneer, was unanimously adopted:
 * "that the objects of the club should be the promotion of a social organisation and club, composed mainly of persons owning self-propelled vehicles or motor cycles; to afford a means of recording the experiences of members and others using motor cars and motor cycles; to promote investigation in their development; to co-operate in securing rational legislation and the formation of proper rules and regulations governing the use of motor cars and motor cycles in cities, towns and country districts; to maintain the lawful rights and privileges and protect the interests of owners and users of all forms of self-propelled vehicles whenever and wherever such interests, rights and privileges are menaced; to promote and encourage the improvement, construction and maintenance of roads and highways and the development generally in this State of motoring, and to maintain a club to be devoted to the interests and advancement of automobilism."

It held its first car rally at Aspendale Racecourse in 1904. In 1916, the club received the approval of King George V to prefix the title "Royal" to its name.

It is an unlisted public company, limited by guarantee, and headed by a board of directors consisting of eleven independent non-executive directors and a managing director and CEO. The registered office is located in the Melbourne central business district. It was a founder of the insurance brand AAMI, previously known as Club Motor Insurance and now owned by Suncorp-Metway.

RoyalAuto magazine
RACV produces a magazine for its members, called RoyalAuto. It is published and distributed 11 times a year – monthly from February to November, and a combined December/January edition. The content is based on the three major topics: travel/touring and associated leisure content, motoring/mobility – mainly new and used car reviews and news, and news and programs which touch on broader mobility issues including road safety, public transport and the environment – and member benefits/news. As at March 2013, RoyalAuto had an audited circulation of 1.5 million, making it the largest-circulating publication in Victoria. It is the state's most-read monthly magazine.

An RACV member magazine has been produced for more than 90 years, beginning in 1922 as a monthly supplement in The Australian Motorist. By the mid-1920s, it was launched as a stand-alone publication called The Royal Auto Journal. In 1936, this changed to The Radiator, a newspaper-style journal. In 1953, the magazine became a colour publication called Royalauto, and now it is formally presented as RoyalAuto. In September 2012 a digital version, for iPad, was produced for the first time, and each digital edition is produced concurrently with the print magazine. In August 2013, it was rated among the top 1% of magazine apps worldwide by app rating agency iMonitor. In November 2013, RoyalAuto was named Association or Member Organisation Magazine of the Year by Publishers Australia in its Excellence Awards 2013.

Subsidiaries and investments

 * R.A.C.V. Finance – 100%
 * Intelematics Australia – 100%
 * Gippsland Solar - 100%
 * Nationwide Group - 100%
 * Insurance Manufacturers of Australia (IMA) – 30% (joint venture with Insurance Australia Group owning other 70%)
 * Club Assist – 30%
 * Australian Motoring Services (AMS)- 24% (joint venture with Australian automobile clubs)
 * Collaborate Corp (Drive My Car) – 6.77% (P2P car sharing company)

title: Royal Automobile Club of Victoria


text:
Doug Church

Doug Church (born November 16, 1968, in Evanston, Illinois), is an American video game designer and producer. He attended MIT in the late 1980s, but left and went to work with Looking Glass Studios, when they were making primarily MS-DOS-based immersive sim games, including Ultima Underworld, Ultima Underworld II, System Shock and Thief. His colleague Warren Spector claims, in fact, that Church was the one who originally coined the term "immersive simulation".

Later, Church joined Eidos Interactive as technical director, lending programming and design expertise on a number of games from Ion Storm and Crystal Dynamics, including extensive design work on Tomb Raider: Legend. In 2005, he left Eidos to join Electronic Arts.

In 2003, Church was given the International Game Developers Association's Community Contribution award, in part for his work as co-chair of the IGDA's educational committee developing relationships between the game industry and academia. He has also participated in many of the Indie Game Jams, including developing "Angry God Bowling," the prototypical game for the first IGJ.

In 2009, he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.

From July 2005 to 2009, Church worked at Electronic Arts' Los Angeles office, as team leader on a project supervised by filmmaker Steven Spielberg.

On March 16, 2011, Valve announced that Church had been hired for an undisclosed position and project.

In August 2016, OtherSide Entertainment announced that Church had been hired as a creative consultant for the development of System Shock 3.

title: Doug Church


text:
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin

Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (16 February 1727 – 26 October 1817) was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany.

Biography
Born in Leiden in the Netherlands, he studied medicine at Leiden University, then moved first to Paris and afterward to Vienna. In 1752, he studied under Gerard van Swieten in Vienna.

Between 1755 and 1759, Jacquin was sent to the West Indies, Central America, Venezuela and New Granada by Francis I to collect plants for the Schönbrunn Palace, and amassed a large collection of animal, plant and mineral samples. In 1797, Alexander von Humboldt profited from studying these collections and conversing with Jacquin in preparation of his own journey to the Americas.

In 1763, Jacquin became professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the Bergakademie Schemnitz (now Banská Štiavnica in Slovakia). In 1768, he was appointed Professor of Botany and Chemistry and became director of the botanical gardens of the University of Vienna. For his work, he received the title Edler in 1774. In 1783, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1806, he was created a baron. In 1809, he became a correspondent of the Royal Institute, which later became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

His younger son, Emil Gottfried (1767–1792), and his daughter, Franziska (1769–1850), were friends of Mozart; Mozart wrote two songs for Gottfried to publish under Gottfried's name ("Als Luise ...", K. 520, and "Das Traumbild", K. 530) and gave piano lessons to Franziska. Mozart dedicated a considerable number of his works to the Jacquin family, notably the Kegelstatt Trio. This was first played at the Jacquins' house in August 1786 with Franziska playing the piano.

His son Joseph Franz (1766–1839) succeeded him as professor of botany and chemistry at the University of Vienna and wrote several notable botanical books.

Von Jacquin died in Vienna.

He is commemorated by the genera Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) and Jacquiniella (Orchidaceae). In 2011, the Austrian Mint issued silver coins to mark his science expeditions to the Caribbean.

Publications

 * Enumeratio systematica plantarum (1760)
 * Enumeratio Stirpium Plerarumque (1762)
 * Selectarum Stirpium Americanarum (1763)
 * Observationum Botanicarum (part 1 1764, part 2 1767, part 3 1768, part 4 1771)
 * Hortus Botanicus Vindobonensis (3 volumes, 1770–1776) with plates by Franz Anton von Scheidel
 * Florae Austriacae (5 volumes, 1773–1778)
 * Icones Plantarum Rariorum (3 volumes, 1781–1793)
 * Plantarum Rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis (4 volumes, 1797–1804)
 * Fragmenta Botanica 1804–1809 (1809)
 * Nicolai Josephi Jacquin collectaneorum supplementum ...
 * Oxalis :Monographia iconibus illustrata
 * Dreyhundert auserlesene amerikanische Gewächse nach linneischer Ordnung (with Zorn, Johannes)
 * Nikolaus Joseph Edlen von Jacquin's Anfangsgründe der medicinisch-practischen Chymie : zum Gebrauche seiner Vorlesungen . Wappler, Vienna 1783 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
 * Nikolaus Joseph Edlen von Jacquin's Anfangsgründe der medicinisch-practischen Chymie : zum Gebrauche seiner Vorlesungen . Wappler, Vienna, 2nd. ed. 1785 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

title: Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin


text:
Essingen (Württemberg)

Essingen is a municipality in the Ostalbkreis in the State of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It lies about 73 km east of Stuttgart, just outside the city of Aalen. The Rems river begins just outside Essingen, on its way down the Remstal (Rems Valley) to merge with the Neckar near Stuttgart.

Essingen currently has about 6000 residents, and is located on the northern end of the Swabian Alb. It is mainly a dormitory community, but does have industry along the B29 federal road and Stuttgart-Aalen railway.

Recreational activities include biking, hiking, and rambling. In the winter, there are opportunities for skiing.

In the middle of the village lies the Schloss (castle) and Schloss Park. The castle was built circa 1550 by the Woellwarth Family. It has remained in the family until recently when it was sold at auction causing much controversy in the village. Some villagers wanted to save the castle to be used for various activities and events but the consensus was that the castle would be too expensive to maintain and run.

Essingen is a larger municipality, and the nearby villages of Lauterburg, Forst, Dauerwang, Hermannsfeld, Birkenteich and Hohenroden belong to Essingen.

Mayor
Wolfgang Hofer (* 1963) was elected mayor in 1997, he was reelected in 2005, 2013 and 2021.

Local council
Elections in May 2014:
 * Free voters: 8 seats
 * CDU/Free citizens Essingen: 6 seats
 * SPD: 4 seats

title: Essingen (Württemberg)


text:
Talk:Ahmadiyya Caliphate

old section
Both Ahmadi factions like to refer to themselves as "Ahmadi Muslims", and are quite sensitive about this. It may be unfair to use this term only for the members of the Lahore party. Nazli 06:44, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * Are you referring to the last sentence? The way I read the current version, it actually implies exactly what you are saying—that some Ahmadi Muslims, the Lahori group, do not agree... —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 07:49, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * One party is currently refered to as: "Members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community", while the wording for the second party is "Ahmadi Muslims belonging to the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement". My feeling is that members of both factions would like to be called Ahmadi Muslims. Personally, I am fine with the text as it is, but some memebers of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community may object.Nazli 11:14, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * I see what you mean. Let me see what I can do. Or you can. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 19:15, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * Though now that I look at it, the main article on Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is even worse on this count. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 19:19, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

How is it now? I am hoping that working on this will help define an approach that can be used to NPOV the two main articles on the two (sub-)sects. —iFaqeer (Talk to me!) 19:35, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * Looks fine now.Nazli 02:26, Dec 4, 2004 (UTC)

Qadianism
Anybody that gives any honorable status to Mirza Qadiani whether as prophet, nabi, or mujadid, messiah, mahdi, etc, is follower of Qadianism. You cannot believe in Mirza Qadiani in any shape or form and be a Muslim. The Lahoris are also followers of Qadianism.

Siddiqui 07:31, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * That may or may not be the case. From a Wikipedia standpoint it is immaterial - Its one point of view. You are free to perpetuate it, however not at the expense of opposing povs. Your point of view receives full attention and time in all articles related to Ahmedism/Qadianism. It it only fair that the opposing point of view be given as much importance.Nazli 08:07, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ahmad.png
Image:Ahmad.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 19:51, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Major cleanup performed
Sources like "Alislam.org" are not reliable. According to a user FreeatlastChitchat's requirements: ''Firstly this is an encyclopedia, we try our best not to put in what the subject thinks about himself/herself, for example we dont put in Mr XYZ think that he is the king of the world. Secondly we are here to make sure that 'promotional' adjectives and words are deleted from an article to make it neutral in weight and NPOV.... So basically you need to provide 'reliable third party' sources if you want to put this sort of stuff in, and even then it will have to be heavily copyedited.''

Thus, all unreliable sources on this page are subject to removal. There is also a lot of puffery in breach of NPOV. All promotional advertisements need to be removed from this page. Code16 (talk) 02:30, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

 * @FreeatlastChitchat, I will point you to WP:BRD, WP:TALKDONTREVERT, and WP:EW. Stop reverting justified deletions arbitrarily. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Code16 (talk • contribs) 03:07, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

Mistake needs to be corrected regarding Calipha of Islam
Right now, Google is showing Mirza Masroor Ahmad as a current caliph of Islam. When we search "who is the current caliph of Islam" then it shows Mirza Masroor Ahmad as Rich Snippet. And, this is the quoted text from where Google finds the answer "The 5th and current caliph is Mirza Masroor Ahmad." This sentence "The 5th and current caliph is Mirza Masroor Ahmad." in Wikipedia should be changed to "The 5th and current caliph of Messiah is Mirza Masroor Ahmad." (Even Muslims do not believe Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as Massiah but Qadiyani do). Mirza Masroor Ahmad is the current caliph of Massiah not of Islam, according to Mirza Masroor Ahmad page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by MatiUlHassanChattha (talk • contribs) 17:03, December 13, 2020 (UTC)
 * , not our monkeys, not our circus. Google snippets have a reporting mechanism that we are not involved with.  This article already clearly states in the lead: Since the Ahmadiyya is widely viewed as a heterodox movement by the mainstream of Sunni and Shi'ite Islam, most Muslims outside the movement do not recognise Ahmadi claims to a caliphate as valid.  If you have a problem with what Google shows when you ask it that question, take it up with them. [[User:Eggishorn|Eggishorn ]] (talk) (contrib) 22:10, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , I have added the full formal title for accuracy, and in the hope that Google will stop making this mistake. Cullen328  Let's discuss it  02:30, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Yea, that was the real concern. Thank you for talking prompt notice of it. I hope it will be solved as Google's Bot will re-index this page and will stop showing wrong snippet. And, is it appropriate to add a bit more detail so that Google may not find it confusing. If you can add one more sentence like "According to Islamic Caliphate, there is no current era Calipha" — Preceding unsigned comment added by MatiUlHassanChattha (talk • contribs) 08:41, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * We can't do that as we don't use our own articles as sources. -- Doug Weller talk 13:39, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

It is wrong information please correct the information Maani96 (talk) 08:16, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

This need to be correct by google and wikipedia that there is no more caliph for muslims now ahmadiyya is a different religion Thanks Maaden ksa (talk) 14:05, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
 * complaining about Google showing inaccurate results should be done to Google. The Wikipedia article does not state there is a 5th Caliph for Islam. The current reliable secondary source sshow a firm consensus that Ahmadiyya is considered part of Islam. All of this is in numerous other discussions on this page alone. Please do not post a duplicate comment like this when it is in others. Nosebagbear (talk) 14:50, 24 December 2020 (UTC)

Brace yourself
A popular YouTube has decided to share this article with his audience because he doesn't understand Google's search mechanisms. Edit: Currently, 9 out of the top 30 trends (including number #1) on Pakistani Twitter are talking about this.
 * >> Taimoor Ahmed(Send a Message?) 17:40, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , at least some are aware; see above or the Help Desk. You wouldn't happen to know which YouTuber this was and what they actually said, would you? [[User:Eggishorn|Eggishorn ]] (talk) (contrib) 18:07, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , here (starts around 07:00). I don't know what he's saying though, I don't speak the language. It has since spread to Twitter and TikTok, but is mostly under control by now. Blablubbs | talk 18:54, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the late message, for some reason I didn't get a notification - my username is 'Taimoorahmed11' - The YouTuber is known as Waqar Zaka (even has his own Wikipedia) and he has been known to have stated ridiculous things against the Ahmadiyya group and pretty much thrives on any fame he can get. To summarise what he said, he pretty much doesn't understand how Google and Wikipedia works and has called for his fans to go over and change Wikipedia pages so that upon searching "Who is the Caliph of Islam" Mirza Masroor Ahmad doesn't come up. Due to this, there has been a rush in vandalism on Ahmadiyya-related articles even on the Urdu wikipedia, which luckily the admins have been reverting (on high-profile pages at least). link to tweet. : >> Taimoor Ahmed(Send a Message?) 19:27, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, there's been disruption everywhere - an edit filter to combat this was rolled out in record time, it's continuously going off. I've just added a RPP for this talk page, just to let you know. Pahunkat (talk) 20:10, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Also, it isn't even our fault - It's Google's. I think they tried to fix the featured snippets bit but now it just quotes another section of the article. Pahunkat (talk) 20:11, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , I am aware that this is Google's fault, Thanks and just for the update: Currently, the top 3 trends in Pakistan on Twitter are talking about this. I expect the vandalism to continue for at least a week or two, continuously. : >> Taimoor Ahmed(Send a Message?) 20:12, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Wow, even worse than I thought. If any of you use RedWarn I've released a template that contains a message that can be posted on talk pages. I'd say a week or two is a bit optimistic, but it's hard to tell since the first incidents came yesterday. Per WP:DENY, you can use Template:Collapse to remove soapboxing/meatpuppetry or remove it entirely - for example, see Talk:List of caliphs. Pahunkat (talk) 20:21, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * , thanks for the info; the Twitter trend part is worrying, though from looking at English-language channels, it appears that the attention has shifted towards Google somewhat? For now, we have it more or less under control, at least more than a few hours ago. Blablubbs | talk 20:26, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * We need some way of tracking users involved in this, maybe putting them into a category and reverting any problematic edits - it appears some of them use random articles. Pahunkat (talk) 20:29, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Almost all the editors we've seen are hit'n'run one-timers and using a large pool of IPs. So collecting the usernames is likely to have limited impact. This is a WP-wide problem, so it would be useful to discuss it (especially tools) on ANI or somewhere rather than here on the talkpage of a single already-protected article. DMacks (talk) 21:09, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

 * Just FYI ArbCom and the functionaries are very aware of this and have escalated the matter to the office and asked them to reach out to Google. Given the fairly cozy relationship between the WMF and Google, hopefully this will be resolved soon. Hang in there. Beeblebrox (talk) 21:44, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents, by the way. Enterprisey (talk!) 09:37, 15 December 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:55, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Khalīfatul masīh al-khāmis.jpg

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 1 October 2021
He is not the present caliph of Islam. This information is incorrect. 2601:441:8700:40EF:D34:CF2B:E367:A0BE (talk) 15:08, 1 October 2021 (UTC)
 * See WP:CALIPH ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 15:09, 1 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Also, the article doesn't say that anyone the present caliph of Islam. This article concerns the caliphate of Ahmadiyya Islam, not other branches of Islam. ~Anachronist (talk) 16:59, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

Totally Wrong Information on Wikipedia
The present caliph of islam is not Mirza Masroor Ahmad. He is a qadyani (a refuser of khatm e nabowat). He is not a muslim. Danger344 (talk) 18:05, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

The present caliph of islam is not Mirza Masroor Ahmad. He is a qadyani a refuser of khatm e nabowat. Danger344 (talk) 18:05, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting comment.svg Note: See WP:CALIPH. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 18:07, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * And Before you complain on this talk page, you should actually read the article you are complaining about. Nowhere does this Wikipedia article say he is the caliph of Islam. ~Anachronist (talk) 19:55, 20 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Complain to Google. We have no control over how Google (ab)uses its search engine, and we as a community have complained to them multiple times to absolutely no effect. If you want it changed, then you need to convince other Muslims - and lots of them - to join you in a concerted email campaign to get Google to change its results to be more in line with what its competitors (whose own Knowledge-Panel equivalents are considerably more accurate) say. —Jéské Couriano  v^_^v  a little blue Bori 02:47, 20 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Unfornately, the results from the search engine are not always accurate. The results come from websites.Cwater1 (talk) 00:54, 13 November 2022 (UTC)

Verification required
I've tagged this article for additional verification since it is hugely overreliant on a religious website that I assume is associated with the Ahmadiyya movement. Iskandar323 (talk) 17:50, 17 November 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 January 2023
In the last sentence of the introduction, please remove "as valid". Simply saying "don't recognise X" means "don't acknowledge X as valid" in all situations aside from visual recognition ("I don't recognise that person there..."). This means that "as valid" is a little wordy. 120.21.59.182 (talk) 09:03, 11 January 2023 (UTC)
 * ✅ ~ Eejit43 ( talk ) 19:53, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ahmadiyya Caliphate


text: User talk:66.74.221.200

title: User talk:66.74.221.200


text:
Talk:Moses Rosen

Controversies
I know that Rosen was a controversial figure, but so far I haven't got a lot on that. I gather from many sources that during much of the Ceauşescu era, Israel was basically buying Jews' passage out of Romania at about US$2,500 per person, and that, while Rosen later denied knowledge or participation, given his role as the mediator between the Jewish community and Communist authorities, it is almost unimaginable that he was not involved. It seems certain that he was doing what he thought best for the Jewish community in Romania rather than seeking personal gain, but his failure at the end of his life to own up to some of what he did was definitely controversial. Also, I gather that he started out an anti-Zionist and later became a Zionist. I could go on, but I imagine the general point is clear: no one could steer a simple course and remain leader of a religious community through 40 years of the Romanian Communist era.

I've put into the article what little I could quickly find on line about any of this from appropriately citable sources. I'm going to try to turn up a copy of the Finkelstone biography, but I've heard that is a bit of a hagiography. Does anyone have anything well-sourced on the any of the controversies around Rosen?

Also I ran into a couple of references to some sort of rest home or asylum in Bucharest named after him, dating from the Communist era, but I don't know details; there must be an interesting story there. -- Jmabel | Talk 06:47, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

"Nicolae Ceausescu" fascist regime?
please correct this......what do you mean Ceausescu fascist regime?it's probably only a mistake i woulde advise whoever wrote this article to correct it and put communist instead because some people might actually be confused. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.114.40.11 (talk) 20:39, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Libraries
Hi! I was surprised being able to list the books available at the Bavarian State Library by using the PND:119261715 number:
 * PND:119261715. Regards ·לערי ריינהארט·T·m:Th·T·email me· 21:07, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Moses Rosen


text:
Charity label

A charity label is a label resembling a postage stamp, sold by charities to raise funds. They are generally intended to be used on mail, as a way of advertising the sender's support of the charity's cause.

Christmas Seals and Easter Seals are perhaps the two best-known types, although many kinds have been made.

While designed to look like postage stamps, they only rarely include a denomination, and never the name of a country. They are distinct from charity stamps which also include a charge for postage.

Charity labels are one of several kinds of cinderella stamp.

title: Charity label


text:
Music of Guam

The music of Guam encompasses a broad range of traditional and contemporary music. Modern music from Guam includes elements of American, Spanish, Filipino and Polynesian music. The Spanish and Mexicans contributed a type of song called serenatas to the culture of Guam. Some traditional Catholic songs in the Spanish language, including "Mil Albricias", "Pastores a Belen", "Santa Maria de la Merced" or "En Lecho de Pajas" and some traditional love songs including "A mi morena", "Ay que triste desventura", "Cancion de Antonio Acosta" or "Te quiero amar" are preserved. Flora Baza Quan is known as the "Queen of Chamorro Music". The state song of Guam is "Stand Ye Guamanians" by Ramon Sablan, adopted in 1919, but better known as the 1974 Chamoru translation by Lagrimas Untalan, "Fanohge Chamoru."

Music venues and institutions
Music institutions in Guam include the University of Guam's Fine Arts Department, Guam Symphony Society, Guam Choristers, Cantate Guam, and the Gregorian Institute of Guam. The Guam Symphony Society was founded in 1967, and hosts concerts such as the Symphony Seaside Concert and the Musikan Famagu'on for children. The two major local record labels are Napu Records and StelStar Records. In addition to the previously stated, there is the government sponsored Guam Territorial Band. The Guam territorial band hosts concerts yearly often free to the public, as well as representing Guam music on an international stage.

Chamorro music
Traditional Chamorro instruments include the belembaotuyan, a hollow gourd stringed instrument, and the nose flute. Kantan singing is also popular. It is a kind of work song, begun by one person teasing another in verse form, and then continuing through a group one individual in turn.

Chamorro chants and Kantan Chamorrita (Chamorrita singing), a kind of Chamorro poetry, are also important elements of Guamanian music. Kantan Chamorrita is a kind of improvised poetry with a call and response format that is documented back to 1602 and remains a vital part of Chamorro culture. In Kantan Chamorrita, individuals and groups trade witty remarks at each other as part of a debate. These songs are "ancient folk songs, arranged in quatrains of two octosyllabic couplets, which, according to some writers, are composed on a single melody, the variations depending on the individual style of performance. The distinctive features are spontaneous improvisation and a dialogue performance between two or more people, depending on the occasion and function."

Performers
Chamorro popular musicians include KACY, Flora Baza Quan, Daniel De Leon Guerrero, and singer-songwriter J. D. Crutch.

The musical duo Gus and Doll (Agusto Quichocho and his wife Josephine Sablan Quichocho) were prominent performers of Chamorro music, active until the late 1980s.

Modern singer Pia Mia is the only artist from Guam to have a song on the Billboard Top 100, 2015's "Do It Again."

title: Music of Guam


text:
Audio Engineering Society

The Audio Engineering Society (AES) is a professional body for engineers, scientists, other individuals with an interest or involvement in the professional audio industry. The membership largely comprises engineers developing devices or products for audio, and persons working in audio content production. It also includes acousticians, audiologists, academics, and those in other disciplines related to audio. The AES is the only worldwide professional society devoted exclusively to audio technology.

Established in 1948, the Society develops, reviews and publishes engineering standards for the audio and related media industries, and produces the AES Conventions, which are held twice a year alternating between Europe and the US. The AES and individual regional or national sections also hold AES Conferences on different topics during the year.

History
The idea of a society dedicated solely to audio engineering had been discussed for some time before the first meeting, but was first proposed in print in a letter by Frank E. Sherry, of Victoria, Texas, in the December 1947 issue of the magazine Audio Engineering. A New York engineer and audio consultant, C.J. LeBel, then published a letter agreeing, and saying that a group of audio professionals had already been discussing such a thing, and that they were interested in holding an organizational meeting. He asked interested persons to contact him for details. The response was enthusiastic and encouraging. Fellow engineer Norman C. Pickering published the date for an organizational meeting, and announced the appointment of LeBel as acting chairman, and himself as acting secretary.

The organizational meeting was held at the RCA Victor Studios in New York City on February 17, 1948. Acting chairman LeBel spoke first, emphasizing the professional, non-commercial, independent nature of the proposed organization. Acting Secretary Norman Pickering then discussed the need for a professional organization that could foster an exchange of knowledge in this quickly-growing field. The group agreed to form the Audio Engineering Society, and confirmed the acting executive committee, which consisted of John D. Colvin, C. J. LeBel, C. G. McProud, Norman C. Pickering and Chester O. Rackey.

The first AES technical membership meeting followed on March 11, with about 3500 attendees. The guest speaker at the first meeting was Harry F. Olson, a prominent engineer and scientist at RCA and author of Acoustical Engineering, who spoke on Problems of High-Fidelity Reproduction.

Membership
has over 12,000 members. Members elect a Board of Governors and officers, who jointly set policies and procedures for the Society. The AES is a tax-exempt, 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation headquartered in New York.

Journal
The AES publishes a peer-reviewed journal, the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society (JAES).

Conventions and conferences
The AES produces two conventions each year as well as a number of topic-specific conferences. The fall convention is in North America and the spring convention is in Europe. The first convention was in 1949.

Technical Council
23 Technical Committees advise the AES Technical Council on emerging trends and areas of interest in the audio engineering community. The Committee meetings, held at Conventions, are open to participation by members and non-members alike, and are the venue for planning workshops, seminars and conferences in specific technical areas.

Standards
The AES has been involved in setting technical standards for audio since 1977. The AES Standards Committee (AESSC), through a consensus system open to anyone materially affected by such standards, develops and publishes a number of standards on the subject of analog and digital audio recording, transmission, and/or reproduction. Notable standards include:

 * AES3 (also commonly known as AES/EBU) for digital audio interconnection
 * AES10 (also commonly known as MADI) for multichannel digital audio interconnection
 * AES11 for digital audio synchronization
 * AES31 file exchange format
 * AES42 for digitally interfaced microphones
 * AES47, AES51 and AES53 for sending AES3 digital audio data over Asynchronous Transfer Mode networks
 * AES48 on interconnections; grounding and EMC practices; and shields of connectors in audio equipment containing active circuitry
 * AES64 for coarse-groove mechanical audio recordings
 * AES67 for audio over IP interoperability

AESSC also provides input to IEC for development and revision of international standards in audio engineering.

AES does not charge for participation in the standards process, but does charge non-members for online copies of published standards. Printed copies are available for a charge to both members and non-members.

Gold Medal recipients
The AES Gold Medal is the Society's highest honor, and given in recognition of outstanding achievements, sustained over a period of years, in the field of Audio Engineering. The award was established in 1971; it was formerly known as the John H. Potts Memorial Award.

Awardees in chronological order

 * Harry F. Olson (1949)
 * Howard A. Chinn (1950)
 * Hermon Hosmer Scott (1951)
 * Frank L. Capps (1952)
 * Edward W. Kellogg (1953)
 * J.P. Maxfield (1954)
 * Lee De Forest (1955)
 * Sherman Fairchild (1955)
 * O.B. Hanson (1956)
 * Edward C. Wente (1957)
 * Samuel B. Snow (1957)
 * Harvey Fletcher (1958)
 * Harold Stephen Black (1959)
 * Semi Joseph Begun (1960)
 * John Kenneth Hilliard (1961)
 * Arthur C. Davis (1962)
 * Benjamin B. Bauer (1963)
 * Vern Oliver Knudsen (1964)
 * Frederick Vinton Hunt (1965)
 * John E. Volkmann (1966)
 * Arnold P.G. Peterson (1968)
 * William B. Snow (1968)
 * Marvin Camras (1969)
 * Rudy Bozak (1970)
 * Leo Beranek (1971)
 * Manfred R. Schroeder (1972)
 * Henry E. Roys (1973)
 * Floyd K. Harvey (1974)
 * Georg Neumann (1976)
 * John G. Frayne (1976)
 * Daniel R. von Recklinghausen (1978)
 * Hugh S. Knowles (1978)
 * Arthur C. Keller (1981)
 * Duane H. Cooper (1982)
 * Willi Studer (1982)
 * Cyril M. Harris (1984)
 * Stefan Kudelski (1984)
 * Claude E. Shannon (1985)
 * Thomas Stockham (1987)
 * Heitaro Nakajima (1989)
 * Eberhard Zwicker (1991)
 * Michael Gerzon (1991)
 * Ray M. Dolby (1992)
 * Bart N. Locanthi (1996)
 * Richard H. Small (1996)
 * Kees A. Schouhamer Immink (1999)
 * Fritz Sennheiser (2002)
 * Gerhard Steinke (2007)
 * Jens Blauert (2008)
 * George Massenburg (2008)
 * Rupert Neve (2011)
 * Phil Ramone (2011)
 * Rudy Van Gelder (2013)
 * Floyd Toole (2013)
 * Floyd Toole (2014)
 * Bob Ludwig (2015)
 * Diana Deutsch (2016)
 * D. B. Keele Jr. (2016)
 * Malcolm Omar Hawksford (2017)
 * Tony Agnello (2021)
 * Jamie Angus-Whiteoak (2021)
 * Richard Factor (2021)

British section
The AES British Section, which was the first and is also the largest outside the US, issues a monthly newsletter and holds regular lectures, usually in London, with occasional visits to studios and other places of interest. Lectures, which are often on topics of topical interest to audio enthusiasts are usually recorded, with past lectures available to all as free MP3 downloads, sometimes with accompanying slides in PDF format.

Connection with the VDT
Although there are several German sections of the AES and there is no formal connection to the Verband Deutscher Tonmeister, the goals and activities of both organizations are closely related and there are several instances of double memberships, e.g. in the persons of Benjamin Bernfeld, Gerhard Steinke and Günther Theile.

title: Audio Engineering Society


text:
Spirits Bay

Spirits Bay, officially named Piwhane / Spirits Bay, is a remote bay at the northern end of the Aupouri Peninsula, which forms the northern tip of New Zealand's North Island. It lies between Cape Reinga / Te Rerenga Wairua in the west and Ngataea / Hooper Point in the east. It is one of two bays in the short length of coast at the top of the North Island (the other being Takapaukura / Tom Bowling Bay, further to the east).

Kapowairua, a locality at the eastern end of Spirits Bay, has a campsite managed by the Department of Conservation. A walking path of about 8.5 kilometres (5.3 miles) runs along the bay.

History and culture
The Māori tribe of the area is Ngāti Kurī.

The bay was given the official name of Piwhane / Spirits Bay in 2015.

The bay is considered a sacred place in Māori culture as according to local legend, it is the location where spirits of the dead gather to depart from this world to travel to their ancestral home (or afterlife) from a large old pōhutukawa tree above the bay.

The bay has two Māori names, Piwhane and Kapowairua, the latter meaning to "catch the spirit", derived from a Māori language saying that translates into English as: "I can shelter from the wind. But I cannot shelter from the longing for my daughter. I shall venture as far as Hokianga, and beyond. Your task (should I die) shall be to grasp my spirit." The words were spoken by Tōhē, a chief of the Ngāti Kahu people, who is considered one of Muriwhenua’s most important ancestors. Tōhē made his way south, naming more than one hundred places along the western coast, until dying at Whāngaiariki near Maunganui Bluff.

Nature and wildlife
A variety of birds inhabit the bay area such as paradise ducks, New Zealand dotterel, oystercatchers, and Caspian terns. Mosquitos are very numerous. Plant life at the beach includes paraha vine.

In September 2010, it was reported that more than eighty pilot whales were beached over five kilometers at Spirits Bay. About forty of these were believed to have died, including some that drowned and others that were euthanized because of injuries from rocks. The rest of the whales were relocated to Rarawa Beach because the weather and sea conditions at Spirits Bay meant refloating the whales there was not possible. Most of the pilot whales that were refloated at Rarawa Beach survived. It was considered to be the largest whale transport ever attempted. This mass whale stranding occurred a month after a pod of fifty-eight pilot whales became stranded at Karikari Beach.

title: Spirits Bay


text:
User talk:Jedsen

Welcome!

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~ ~ ~. Four tildes (~ ~ ) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 06:53, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How to edit a page
 * Editing tutorial
 * Picture tutorial
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

Image copyright problem with Image:Peter F Hamilton.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Peter F Hamilton.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Thue | talk 17:36, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi. Good photo, but do you think maybe it should be cropped more to emphasize Mr. Hamilton?  In the article, he looks tiny, and is barely able to be made out.  What do you think? Nightscream (talk) 07:53, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jedsen


text:
Shark (disambiguation)

A shark is a cartilaginous, usually carnivorous fish.

Shark, Sharks or The Shark may also refer to:

Characters

 * Shark (comics), the name of several characters in DC Comics
 * King Shark, a fictional supervillain
 * Shark, in the TV series 12 oz. Mouse
 * Shark, in the TV show WordWorld

 * King Shark, a fictional supervillain

Film and television

 * Sharks (1917 film), a French silent crime film
 * The Shark (1920 film), a lost American silent film
 * The Shark (1930 film), a French film
 * The Sharks (film), a 2019 Uruguayan film
 * Shark!, a 1969 American action film
 * Shark (2000 film), a horror film
 * Shark (2021 film), an Australian short film
 * Shark (South Korean TV series), 2013
 * Shark (American TV series), 2006–2008
 * Shark (British TV series), 2015
 * Shark: Mind of a Demon, a 2006 TV documentary
 * ”Sharks”, residential entrepreneurs on Shark Tank

Literature

 * Shark (novel), by Will Self, 2014
 * The Sharks (novel), by Jens Bjørneboe, 1974
 * Shark, a short story by Edward Bryant, 1973.

Music

 * Sharks (band formed 2007), a British punk rock band
 * Sharks (band formed 1972), a British rock band
 * The Sharks (band), an American new wave band
 * Sharks (album), by UFO, 2002
 * "Shark", a song by Oh Wonder from the 2015 album Oh Wonder
 * "Shark", a song by Throwing Muses from the 1996 album Limbo
 * "Sharks", a song by Test Icicles from the 2005 album For Screening Purposes Only
 * "Sharks", a song by Red Fang from the 2009 album Red Fang
 * "Sharks" (song), a song by Imagine Dragons from the 2022 album Mercury – Acts 1 & 2
 * WRXZ, a radio station licensed to Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina, United States and called The Shark in the 1990s
 * WWSK, a radio station licensed to Smithtown, New York, United States and called The Shark since 2012

Other uses in arts and entertainment

 * The Headington Shark, or just The Shark, a 1986 sculpture in Headington, Oxford, England
 * SHARKS!, a public art installation in London, England

Businesses, organisations and brand names

 * Shark (helmet manufacturer), France
 * Shark Energy, a drink
 * Showing Animals Respect and Kindness (SHARK), an animal rights organization
 * Shark, a brand of vacuum cleaner manufactured and marketed by SharkNinja

Military

 * Blackburn Shark, a British carrier-borne torpedo bomber aircraft
 * HMS Shark, the name of several Royal Navy ships
 * USS Shark, the name of several U.S. Navy ships
 * The Sharks (Royal Navy), a helicopter display team 1975–1992
 * PNS Hangor (S131), a 1969 Pakistan Navy submarine nicknamed "The Shark"
 * Typhoon-class submarine, native name Akula (Russian Акула,'Shark')

People

 * The Shark (nickname), a list of people
 * Amy Shark (born 1986), Australian singer-songwriter
 * Shark (musician), Americana singer-songwriter / Score composer

Places

 * Shark, Arkansas, U.S.
 * Shark, Kyrgyzstan, Osh Region
 * Shark Lake, Goldfields-Esperance region, Western Australia
 * Shark Peak, Antarctica
 * Shark Valley, Miami-Dade County, Florida, U.S.

Science and technology

 * Shark (application), an Apple software development optimization tool
 * Shark, a release of VP-Info database language
 * Shark, an IBM Enterprise Storage Server
 * Soft Hard Real-Time Kernel (S.Ha.R.K. or SHaRK), a component-based real-time kernel architecture
 * ShapeWriter, formerly Shorthand-Aided Rapid Keyboarding (SHARK), a data input method
 * SHARK, a block cipher in cryptography
 * Shark, a World War II Enigma cipher
 * Shark 3D, software

Sports teams

 * Aussie Sharks, nickname of Australia's national water polo team
 * Blue Sharks, nickname of the Hungarian basketball team Hübner Nyíregyháza BS
 * Sharks (rugby union), a South African rugby union team
 * Sharks (Currie Cup), a South Africa rugby union team that participates in the Currie Cup tournament
 * Sharks F.C., a Nigerian football team
 * Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, an Australian rugby league team
 * Bucks County Sharks, an American rugby league team
 * Darlington Mowden Park Sharks, an English women's rugby union club
 * East Fremantle Football Club, nicknamed the Sharks, an Australian rules football club
 * Hull F.C., an English rugby league team once known as Hull Sharks
 * Jacksonville Sharks, an indoor American football team
 * Jacksonville Sharks (WFL), a former American football team
 * Los Angeles Sharks, an ice hockey team 1972–1974
 * Nova Southeastern Sharks, university athletics teams
 * Orlando Sharks, an American indoor soccer team
 * Sale Sharks, an English rugby union team
 * San Jose Sharks, an American ice hockey team
 * Shanghai Sharks, a Chinese basketball team
 * Sheffield Sharks, an English basketball team
 * Worcester Sharks, an American ice hockey team

Transportation

 * Dudek Shark, a Polish paraglider
 * Shark.Aero Shark, a Slovak ultra-light aircraft
 * Fly-Fan Shark, a Slovak light aircraft
 * Shark 24, a yacht
 * BYD Shark, a pickup truck
 * Shark, an American speedboat used by Circle Line Downtown
 * Shark, a version of the Rotopress garbage truck

Other uses

 * Sharking, or debagging, pulling down someone's trousers, underwear, or top
 * Shark (moth), Cucullia umbratica

title: Shark (disambiguation)


text:
User:Godchilde

My name is Andy Hunt. You can find me @ http://www.andyhuntdesigns.com

title: User:Godchilde