text:
Yusaku Yara

Yūsaku Yara (屋良 有作) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator from Tokyo, Japan. His real name is Susumu Kawabe (川辺 奨), and his former stage name was Tetsu Kurobe (黒部 鉄). Previously, he was the representative director of the voice actor office vi-vo, but it was dissolved due to old age.

He is best known for his roles in Saint Seiya as Sagittarius Aiolos, Chibi Maruko-chan as Hiroshi Sakura, Wicked City as Renzaburō Taki, Snatcher as Gillian Seed, Kiteretsu Daihyakka as Kiteretsu's Papa, the 1989 version of Sally, the Witch as Sally's Papa, Fang of the Sun Dougram as Jacky Zalshiev, and the Dr. Slump remake as Senbei Norimaki. He was also the first dubbing voice actor of Arnold Schwarzenegger in his early days.

Television animation

 * 1970s
 * Tekkaman: The Space Knight (1975) (Guard)
 * Goliath the Super Fighter (1976) (Soldier)
 * 009 (1979) (1979) (Odin)
 * Lupin the Third Part II (1979) (Terrorist)
 * 1980s
 * Panzer World Galient (1984) (Jilmzen Ranvel)
 * Ginga Nagareboshi Gin (1986) (Great)
 * Saint Seiya (1986) (Phecda Gamma Thor, Sagittarius Aiolos)
 * Kimagure Orange Road (1987) (Master)
 * Kiteretsu Daihyakka (1988) (Kiteretsu Kite and Eitarō Kite)
 * Sakigake!! Otokojuku (1988) (Ryuuji Toramaru)
 * Tatakae!! Ramenman (1988) (Dokuroken Gundam)
 * Sally the Witch (1989) (Sally's Papa)
 * 1990s
 * Chibi Maruko-chan (1990) (Hiroshi Sakura)
 * Transformers: Zone (1990) (Dai Atlas)
 * 21 Emon (1991)
 * The Laughing Salesman (1992)
 * GeGeGe no Kitarō 4th TV series (1996) - (Pii)
 * Dr. Slump (Remake) (1997) (Senbei Norimaki)
 * 2000s
 * Weekly Story Land (Richard Jones, Religion Group (Man in Black), Shigeyuki Minamida)
 * Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (2003) (Ironheart)
 * Avenger (2003) (Cross)
 * Zipang (2004) (Saburo Umezu)
 * Kotencotenco (2005) (Ninja)
 * Katekyo Hitman Reborn (2006) (Timoteo)
 * Ray the Animation (2006) (Director Sawa)
 * Shigurui (2007) (Gonzaemon Ushimata)
 * Golgo 13 (2008) (José Campos)
 * Gintama (2009) (Jiraia)
 * Lupin the 3rd vs. Detective Conan (2009) (Duke Gerard Musca Vespaland)
 * 2010s
 * Sengoku Collection (2012) (Narrator)
 * Toriko (2012) (Chin Chinchin)
 * Coppelion (2013) (Denjiro Shiba)
 * The Pilot's Love Song (2014) (Leopold Melze)
 * Ping Pong (2014) (Jō Koizumi/Butterfly Joe)
 * Saint Seiya: Soul of Gold (2015) (Sagittarius Aiolos)
 * Brave Witches (2016) (Narration (eps. 1-3, 12 epilogue), Erhard von Manstein (ep. 4, 10-12))
 * Dragon Ball Super (2016) (Senbei Norimaki (ep. 69))
 * Kamiwaza Wanda (2016) (Kon Batora)
 * Attack on Titan Season 3 (2018) (Rod Reiss)
 * Wise Man's Grandchild (2019) (Merlin Walford)
 * 2020s
 * The 8th Son? Are You Kidding Me? (2020) (Brantack Lyngstad)
 * Platinum End (2021) (The Aged God)
 * Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba (2023) (Tecchin Tecchikawahara)

Original video animation (OVA)

 * Vampire Hunter D (1985) (Greco)
 * Dominion (1988) (Charles Brenten)
 * Demon City Shinjuku (1988) (Mephisto)
 * Legend of the Galactic Heroes (1988) (Narrator)
 * Baoh (1989) (Walken)
 * RG Veda (1991) (Zōchōten)
 * Black Lion: Fear the Black Lion (1992) (Ginnai Doma)
 * Kyō Kara Ore Wa!! (1993) (Katsutoshi Imai)
 * Dragon Ball Z Side Story: Plan to Eradicate the Saiyans (1993) (Lord Slug & Hatchiyack)
 * Phantom Quest Corp. (1994) (Rokkon)
 * Birdy the Mighty (1996) (Geega)

Original net animation (ONA)

 * Akuma-kun (2023) (Satan)

Theatrical animation

 * Doraemon: Nobita's Little Star Wars (1985) (Dracolulu)
 * Fist of the North Star (1986) (Nunchaku Man)
 * Wicked City (1987) (Taki Renzaburō)
 * Dragon Ball Z: Lord Slug (1991) (Lord Slug)
 * The Weathering Continent (1992) (Bois)
 * Doraemon: Nobita and the Kingdom of Clouds (1992) (Chief)
 * Bonobono (1993) (Araiguma-kun)
 * Ninja Scroll (1993) (Genpachi)
 * Doraemon: Nobita and the Tin Labyrinth (1993) (Garion Marquis)
 * Doraemon: Nobita's Three Visionary Swordsmen (1994) (Spaidol General)
 * Dr. Slump: Arale's Surprise (1999) (Senbei Norimaki)
 * Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust (2001) (Borgoff)
 * Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called: The Battle of the Warring States (2002) (Yoshitoshi Matabe Ijiri)
 * Tokyo Godfathers (2003) (Miyuki's father)
 * Doraemon: Nobita and the Windmasters (2003) (Storm)
 * Highlander: The Search for Vengeance (2008) (Rudy)
 * Planzet (2010) (Commissioner Yoshizawa)
 * After School Midnighters (2012) (Michael)

Video games

 * Ys I & II (1989)
 * Tengai Makyou: Ziria (1989)
 * LUNAR: Silver Star Story (1992) (Ramus Farmain & Hakuryuu Fydie (White Dragon Quark))
 * Snatcher (1992) (Gillian Seed)
 * Double Dragon (1995) (Dulton)
 * Voltage Fighter Gowcaizer (1995) (Sheng-Long/Gouichirou Kaiza)
 * Lunar: Silver Star Story Complete (1996) (Quark, Mel de Alkirk, Myght)
 * Cobra the Shooting (1996) (Cobra)
 * 3rd Super Robot Wars Alpha: To the End of the Galaxy (2005) (Shiva Gozzo)
 * Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops (2006) (Python)
 * Assassin's Creed (2007) (Al Mualim)
 * Too Human (2008) (Tyr) (Japanese dub)
 * Resident Evil: Revelations 2 (2015) (Barry Burton) (Japanese dub)
 * Resident Evil Remaster HD (2015) (Barry Burton) (Japanese dub)
 * Lego Dimensions (2016) (Daleks) (Japanese dub)

Tokusatsu

 * Ultraman 80 (1980) (Narration)
 * Godzilla vs. Megaguirus (2000) (Narration)
 * Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger (2011) (Senden)

Live-action

 * Arnold Schwarzenegger
 * Hercules in New York – Hercules
 * Commando (1987 TBS edition) – Col. John Matrix
 * Red Sonja (1989 NTV edition) – Lord Kalidor
 * Predator (1989 Fuji TV edition) – Major Alan "Dutch" Schaefer
 * Total Recall – Quaid
 * Eraser – John "Eraser" Kruger
 * Jingle All the Way – Howard Langston
 * Samuel L. Jackson
 * Die Hard with a Vengeance (1998 Fuji TV edition) – Zeus Carver
 * Rules of Engagement (2003 Fuji TV edition) – Col. Terry L. Childers
 * Django Unchained – Steven
 * Above the Law – Detective Sergeant Nico Toscani (Steven Seagal)
 * The Adventures of Pluto Nash – Bruno (Randy Quaid)
 * Aliens (1988 TBS edition) – Corporal Dwayne Hicks (Michael Biehn)
 * Apollo 13 (2003 Fuji TV edition) – Deke Slayton (Chris Ellis)
 * Armageddon (2002 Fuji TV edition) – Charles 'Chick' Chapple (Will Patton)
 * Assault on Precinct 13 – Marion Bishop (Laurence Fishburne)
 * The Big Blue (1990 TV Asahi edition) – Enzo Molinari (Jean Reno)
 * Brazil (1992 TV Asahi edition) – Spoor (Bob Hoskins)
 * Broadcast News (1989 TBS edition) – Aaron Altman (Albert Brooks)
 * City of Ghosts – Marvin (James Caan)
 * Child's Play – Detective Mike Norris (Chris Sarandon)
 * Chinatown (1981 TV Tokyo edition) - Duffy (Bruce Glover)
 * Counterpoint (1982 TBS edition) – Lt. Long (Linden Chiles)
 * Death Wish 3 – Rodriguez
 * Die Hard (1992 Fuji TV edition) – Deputy Police Chief Dwayne T. Robinson (Paul Gleason)
 * Doc Hollywood – Hank Gordon (Woody Harrelson)
 * Doctor Who – Daleks
 * Dragon Lord – Cowboy Chin (Mars)
 * Face/Off (2000 Fuji TV edition) – Tito Biondi (Robert Wisdom)
 * Flubber – Smith (Clancy Brown)
 * Forrest Gump (2000 Fuji TV edition) – Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue (Mykelti Williamson)
 * Hard Boiled (1999 Fuji TV edition) – Supt. Pang (Philip Chan)
 * Highwaymen (2007 TV Tokyo edition) – Will Macklin (Frankie Faison)
 * The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy – The Guide (Stephen Fry)
 * Home Alone (1994 Fuji TV edition) – Gus Polinski (John Candy)
 * Jingle All the Way (2000 Fuji TV edition) – Myron Larabee (Sinbad)
 * Jumanji (1998 Fuji TV edition) – Carl Bentley (David Alan Grier)
 * Kung Fu Hustle – The Beast (Leung Siu-Lung)
 * The Last Castle – Colonel Winter (James Gandolfini)
 * Learning to Drive – Darwan Singh Tur (Ben Kingsley)
 * Léon: The Professional (2009 Blu-Ray edition) – Tony (Danny Aiello)
 * Magnum Force (1987 TV Asahi edition) – Alan "Red" Astrachan (Kip Niven)
 * Matchstick Men – Dr. Harris Klein (Bruce Altman)
 * Mississippi Burning (1992 TV Asahi edition) – Clayton Townley (Stephen Tobolowsky)
 * Mr. Vampire – Wai (Billy Lau)
 * The Natural (1989 TV Asahi edition) – Bartholomew "Bump" Bailey (Michael Madsen)
 * Navy SEALs (1993 TV Asahi edition) – William "Billy" Graham (Dennis Haysbert)
 * Painted Faces – Master Yu (Sammo Hung)
 * Passenger 57 (1996 NTV edition) – John Cutter (Wesley Snipes)
 * Platoon (1989 TV Asahi edition) – Big Harold (Forest Whitaker)
 * Poltergeist (1985 Fuji TV edition) – Ryan (Richard Lawson)
 * Predator 2 (1994 TV Asahi edition) – Captain Phil Heinemann (Robert Davi)
 * Rainbow Drive (1992 TV Tokyo edition) – Mike Gallagher (Peter Weller)
 * Rambo: First Blood Part II (1990 TBS and 1995 TV Asahi editions) – Michael Reed Ericson (Martin Kove)
 * Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1993 TV Asahi edition) – Azeem Edin Bashir Al Bakir (Morgan Freeman)
 * Salvador (1989 Fuji TV edition) – Dr. Rock (James Belushi)
 * Scanners (1987 NTV edition) – Benjamin Pierce (Robert Silverman)
 * Shopgirl – Ray Porter (Steve Martin)
 * Sons of Anarchy – Clay Morrow (Ron Perlman)
 * Speed 2: Cruise Control (2000 Fuji TV edition) – Juliano (Temuera Morrison)
 * Surviving Christmas – Tom Valco (James Gandolfini)
 * Ted 2 – The Judge (Ron Canada)
 * A Time to Kill (1999 Fuji TV edition) – Harry Rex Vonner (Oliver Platt)
 * The Cannonball Run (1987 TV Asahi edition) – Terry (Terry Bradshaw)
 * The Fly II (1991 TV Asahi edition) – Dr. Trimble (William S. Taylor)
 * The Shield – Jon Kavanaugh (Forest Whitaker)
 * The Terminator (1987 TV Asahi edition) – Alley cop (Ed Dogan)
 * The Thing (1985 TBS edition) – Childs (Keith David)
 * Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows – Dr. Baxter Stockman (Tyler Perry)
 * Van Helsing – Frankenstein's monster (Shuler Hensley)
 * V for Vendetta – Eric Finch (Stephen Rea)

Animation

 * Aladdin (Razoul)
 * Aladdin and the King of Thieves (Razoul)
 * Back to the Conscience (Quarrel Uncle)
 * G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (Duke)
 * Meet the Robinsons (Bowler Hat Guy)
 * The Pebble and the Penguin (Rocko)
 * Peter Pan (Pirates Rusty)
 * Pinocchio (Quarrel Uncle)
 * The Polar Express (Steamer)
 * The Rescuers (Orville)
 * The Return of Jafar (Razoul)
 * Return to Never Land (Pirates Rusty)
 * Robin Hood (Friar Tuck)

Japanese Voice-Over

 * Pinocchio's Daring Journey (Quarrel Uncle)
 * Peter Pan's Flight (Pirates Rusty)
 * E.T. Adventure (Police Edward)
 * Mermaid Ragoon Theater (Announce)
 * Magic Lamp Theater (Raseul)

Accolades

 * Merit Award at the 17th Seiyu Awards (2023)

title: Yusaku Yara


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ikraam

Ikraam
Describes that "Ikraam" is a male Malaysian name. Doesn't describe any person in particular. This would go on a "list of names by geographical origin" or some such, but doesn't deserve its own article. Foobar 08:27, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ikraam


text:
Ulster (disambiguation)

Ulster is one of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the northern part of the island.

Ulster may also refer to:

Places

 * New Ulster Province, a province of New Zealand from 1841 to 1853
 * Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom formed in 1921 from six of the nine counties that made up the Irish province of Ulster at that time
 * Ulster County, New York, United States
 * Ulster, New York, a town in the County
 * Ulster Township, Floyd County, Iowa, United States
 * Ulster Township, Pennsylvania, United States

Transport

 * HMS Ulster, the name of two ships of the Royal Navy
 * Ulster and Delaware Railroad, also known as "the Ulster", serving New York's Ulster County and neighboring Delaware County
 * a sports car variant of the Austin 7

Other

 * Ulster (river), central Germany
 * UTV (TV channel), previously known as Ulster Television or Ulster on air
 * BBC Radio Ulster, a Northern Irish radio station from the BBC
 * Ulster coat, a long, loose overcoat made of rough material
 * "Ulster Covenant", a poem (also referred to as "Ulster 1912") written in 1912 by Rudyard Kipling
 * Ulster F.C., a defunct football club
 * Ulster nationalism, a movement that seeks the independence of Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom
 * Ulster Rugby, a branch of the Irish Rugby Football Union and also the professional rugby team operated by this body

title: Ulster (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Linked list/archive1

Linked list
Quite comprehensive. Even has images to explain things! - Ta bu shi da yu 08:29, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. No references. Johnleemk | Talk 09:35, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * What references can we provide though? I know that if I'd written that article I'd have just taken it out of my head because I learned it so long ago. Still, if anyone knows of any authoritative references, we should be able to add these without any problems. - Ta bu shi da yu 10:09, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Where you learned it from would be a good start. :-p After all, surely you didn't invent the code out of thin air did you? That's original research. You need to reference a good book on C, Visual Basic, etc. Johnleemk | Talk 11:25, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * There are now references. - Ta bu shi da yu 07:11, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Object (for now). Article reads like it could use some reorganization. Also, the Visual Basic example in the middle doesn't jibe with the use of pseudocode in the rest of the article (excepting the "language support" C example). --FOo 15:08, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The original author has corrected this. - Ta bu shi da yu 07:11, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The reason the VB code is in the middle of the article is because the VB code explains how languages that don't really have a strong pointer/reference section can still do linked lists. Heck, I'd put in a COBOL one I did ages ago at TAFE when challenged that it couldn't do that. Not that I admit to using COBOL... :P So I understand why this bit got reverted back from Wikicode to VB code. Ta bu shi da yu 10:13, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Object for now. really seems that 90% of this article is JUST CODE. I think articles which are 90% example with minimal else, Who invented the idea of a linked list etc... doesnt belong on FAC yet. (as a side note I personally think any page which is mostly code should be non listable) and treated just like list of X articles. While I still feel there is a lot of code, it is now broken up and suits the article. In its current form I find this article both informational and clear, whereas when it was mostly code I easily got bored with it. So good job folks. SUPPORT Alkivar 22:54, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * That's a good point. The history of the linked list would be interesting. I should be able to find some info on this. - Ta bu shi da yu 10:13, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Information was found and added. Also, a linked list is mostly code. The descriptions are fine, so I don't see how your objection that it's "90% code" is actionable. - Ta bu shi da yu 07:11, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, I did a count of the amount of words in the article that are code. There are about 950 (maybe out by one or two words). There are about 4,300 words in the entire article now I've added some info on the history of the linked list. That's acually about only 22% of the article that is code! So, not 90% code. :-) Ta bu shi da yu 07:23, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. My, you like to quarrel with objections. First, the above objection is entirely actionable. You would simply remove the code, an action.  It is debatable whether that is better, but it is actionable.  It does seem that the article is dominated by code, even if by word count it is 22%.  It takes up much more than 22% of the column inches. 2) You complained you didn't know what references to add and now the article has 5 only four days later.  Can you honestly confirm that all of them were used to add or validate material in the article? 3) The lead section is very short. It could stand to be simplified especially in a first paragraph entirely aimed at non programmers, then carry more detailed information.  The terms used should be explained inline especially in a lead section.  The intro (and in fact the article) should explain why linked lists are important and generally what they are for and what their advantages are.  The article has very little of this and the lead section has practically none. - Taxman 14:14, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Taxman, I got those references from the external links the article already had. You'll also notice I added additional information I got from elsewhere, so that should explain some additional references. So please don't imply that I added them without knowing where the information came from. That's quite unfair. For what it's worth, I've been talking to the original author and he's an old computer dog that was taught how to do linked lists when he first stated computing, so that will explain the lack of references, though he added links so I suppose he used them to clarify stuff. Also note that I didn't create the original article!!!! The lead section is pretty short, so I'll try to improve this. The reason that linked lists are important is a good point, so I'll try to improve this also.
 * Its not about knowing where the information came from, its about actually using the material in the references to add or fact check the material in the article. That is hard to do in 4 days, but certainly possible.  It is just important to know that you did that, so that is why I am emphasizing it so much. As to the rest, please do work on those. - Taxman 20:50, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * With regards to the comment that the article is dominated by code, well, I must respectfully disagree. Exactly how are you going to write an article about a programming issue without using any code? Heck, it's wikicode, a form of pseudocode. My take on this issue: it's sort of like creating an article about a mathematics topic without including any formulas or proofs. - Ta bu shi da yu 14:24, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well I can think of a good example. Mckusick's design and implementation series about the Berkely software distribution is well less than 1% code, and discusses the code and algorithms in depth.  It is a very well regarded series of books, and is also very well referenced by the way.
 * P.S. sorry if I look like I'm arguing to cause problems. That's not my intention. I'm sometimes a little vigorous in my responses. Sorry if that has caused offense. - Ta bu shi da yu 14:27, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Just keep that vigor on implementing the suggestions and we'll be all set. - Taxman 20:50, Dec 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure how I missed this whole discussion, but I wrote a lot of the article, including most of the code (I agree there is a bit too much), and the reason there aren't references is because I wrote from my head, having, like most programmers, internalized the concepts of linked lists long ago (this doesn't mean it's original research; I didn't invent them or anything). I could add some references to related material, such as the CLRS section, but this wasn't actually a source. Honestly I think that outside of advantages and disadvantages, very little can be said of linked lists in prose, because they are so basic; they are to computer science as cave-painting is to art, with no one originator or recorded history. Indeed, anyone who claimed credit for them would look rather silly.
 * However, I think demonstrating some of the operations using *diagrams*, in addition to code, would be very neat and elucidating. I plan to do something like this in the near future. I'm apathetic as to whether the article is featured, but I would like it to be as useful as possible. Deco 09:53, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm, although I believed that when I wrote it, having read the history section I'm quite surprised and better-informed. Thanks to the writer. Deco 09:55, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Some diagrams are added. Input is appreciated. Deco 10:59, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)


text:
USS Permit

Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Permit, named in honor of the permit, a food fish, often called "round pompano", found in waters from North Carolina to Brazil.

 * The first USS Permit (SS-178), was a Porpoise-class submarine, commissioned in 1937 and stricken in 1956.
 * The second USS Permit (SSN-594), was a submarine of the Permit-class submarine (originally the "Thresher" class, until USS Thresher (SSN-593) was lost in 1963). Permit was commissioned in 1962 and stricken in 1991.

title: USS Permit


text:
Jebe

Jebe  (or Jebei, Зэв, Zev; birth name: Jirqo'adai (Modern Mongolian: Zurgaadai), Зургаадай, ) (death: approximately 1224) was one of the most prominent Noyans (generals) of Genghis Khan. He belonged to the Besud clan, part of the Taichud tribe, which was under Targudai Khiriltug's leadership at the time of Genghis Khan. Even though Jebe was originally an enemy soldier, Genghis Khan recruited him and turned him into one of his greatest generals. Jebe played an important role in helping to expand the territory of Genghis Khan's empire. Despite playing a large role as a general for Genghis Khan, there are relatively few sources or biographies about his life. Jebe has been described as "the greatest cavalry general in history" for his unorthodox and daring maneuvers.

Life
In 1204, during the Battle of the Thirteen Sides, an arrow wounded Genghis Khan in the neck. His loyal subordinate, Jelme, cared for him. After winning the battle, he asked the defeated to reveal who shot his horse in the neck. This was a euphemism for his own injury in an attempt to conceal his injury or possibly to prevent false confessions. Jirqo'adai voluntarily confessed, and further added that it was Genghis Khan's choice to kill him, but if Jirqo'adai was allowed to live, he would serve Genghis Khan loyally. Genghis Khan valued demonstrated skills by men and their loyalty. He thus pardoned and praised Jirqo'adai in this account. He then gave Jirqo'adai a new name, Jebe, which means both "arrow" and "weapon" in Mongolian. However, in another account by Rashiduddin, an Ilkhanate administrator and historian, the event came about much differently. In this version of the event, Jebe managed to escape and was later pursued by Genghis Khan's men. Jebe managed to kill Genghis' horse before being forced to turn himself in and pleading for his life. In exchange for his life, Zuragadai promised to provide many horses for his new master in return for the one he killed with an arrow.

Jebe quickly became one of the best and most loyal commanders of Genghis Khan in later conquests, rising to one of Genghis Khan's top generals in just 3 years, and commanding the critical left army wing in the 1211 Jin invasion. His ability as a general put him on the level of Muqali and Subutai ba'atur. A Song emissary, Zhao Hong, noted that Jebe was considered to have the same level of authority as a third tier governor and held command of elite troops in Genghis Khan's army. This can be attributed to many successful military achievements while he served under Genghis Khan.

War against Jin dynasty
He served with distinction in the initial war against Jin dynasty (1211–1214). During this first invasion, Jebe commanded the left wing with Subutai. His unit went around the wall to the east, capturing two fortresses. He then re-circled his tracks to destroy the second Jin army at Wusha Fortress and linked up with Genghis's main army, who later went on to win the Battle of Yehuling. After this crushing victory, the Mongols took command of the passes that lead into the Beijing plains and continued to spread their control through the territory. Jebe was sent to capture numerous chains of fortresses, which he accomplished by using a feigned retreat to lure out defenders. Genghis Khan seemed to rely on Jebe as his long ranged general: in winter 1211, Jebe was sent to capture Liaoyang, when Mongol forces had barely secured the great plains around Zhongdu. After riding several hundred miles away from the main battle front, Jebe lured the defenders of Liaoyang on a feigned retreat that lasted over 100 miles and left a large amount of Mongol booty on the ground. The Chinese troops paused to plunder it, and using the long nights of the northern winter, Jebe's army rode 100 miles in 24 hours to rout the disorderly Jin forces and seize Liaoyang.

In 1213, Genghis sent Jebe to secure the heavily defended Juyong Pass. Jebe managed to find a mountain pass that enveloped the Jin fortifications, forcing the defenders to take the field. Jebe and Subutai then made forced marches the opposite way, retracing their steps and falling behind the enemy's new rear, encircling and liquidating this crucial army. After inciting a revolt in Manchuria and reducing a number of fortresses, Genghis split his army into five parts to raid vast swathes of Jin territory. Jebe was placed in the elite force under Muqali with Subutai, and they successfully raided the territory to the ocean while destroying or capturing many Jin towns and cities.

Battles against Kuchlug
In 1218, Jebe was tasked to defeat the perennial Mongol adversary Kuchlug and conquer Kara-Khitai. Given only 20,000 men, Jebe conserved manpower by inciting and backing religious revolts between the ruling Buddhists and oppressed Muslims. His forces moved with incredible alacrity which allowed him to overwhelm Kuchlug and his 30,000 men. Kuchlug was later hunted down after a long chase through the mountains. After Jebe scored victories over Kuchlug of Kara-Khitan, Genghis Khan was said to be concerned. Although Genghis Khan was glad of his general's victory, he was unsure if Jebe would seek greater ambition and rebel against him. When word of this reached Jebe, he immediately returned to where Genghis Khan was and offered 100 white horses (the same kind that Genghis Khan rode when Jebe wounded him) as a sign of loyalty and put any doubts to rest.

Invasion of Khwarezm Empire
During the invasion of the Khwarezm Empire in 1219, Jebe was sent with a diversionary force over the Tian Shan mountains during the winter to threaten the fertile Ferghana Valley. Jebe was able to navigate the tall mountain passes that had over five feet of snow, and he drew out Shah Mohammed II's elite 50,000 man cavalry reserve force. Jebe either won a victory or at least avoided defeat against this elite force and maneuvered further south to threaten Khorasan in order to cut off the far-away provinces. He then looped back to join Genghis's main army at the capital Samarkand, effectively dividing Khwarezm into two. In order to prevent the Shah from rallying his forces in Khorasan and western Iran, Genghis Khan dispatched Jebe and Subutai to hunt the Shah throughout his own empire. Though they ultimately failed to catch him, their close pursuit prevented the Shah from rallying any new armies and the Shah was forced to flee toward Iran with Jebe and Subutai in close behind. As a result, the Khwarezmian forces were spread out and destroyed gradually.

Death
Jebe had made a legendary raid around the Caspian Sea where he and Subutai defeated the Georgians, who were set to join the Fifth Crusade, as well as the Caucasus Steppe tribes. He then later went on to defeat the Kievan Rus' and Cumans at the Battle of the Kalka River. This battle preceded the conquest of Kievan Rus' and he likely died on his return from the conquests of the Kievan Rus' in approximately 1224. The circumstances surrounding his disappearance and death are mysterious. One scholar, Stephen Pow suggests that Jebe may have been killed by the Russian allied Kipchaks forces near a kurgan close to Khortytsia Island. The discrepancy behind this information may be a result of linguistic errors since the Turkic-speaking Kipchaks referred to Jebe as Gemya-Beg. But Russian scholars D.M. Timokhin and V.V. Tishin questioned his views; they believe that the version of Stephen Pow is not proven on the basis of written sources and has absolutely no linguistic evidence. Although the circumstances around his death are mysterious, Jebe left an indelible mark on history with his conquests in China, Central Asia, and Europe at Kiev and the Rus.

title: Jebe


text:
Münir Nurettin Selçuk

Münir Nurettin Selçuk (1900 or 1901 – April 27, 1981) was a Turkish classical musician and tenor singer.

Biography
He was born in the Sarıyer district of Istanbul in the Ottoman Empire in 1900 or 1901. His uncle was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, Abdurrahman Nurettin Pasha. As a youth, Selçuk studied in Hungary before returning to Turkey and becoming a musician. In 1927, he travelled to Paris for a musical education, then began working for the Istanbul Conservatory in 1953. He was the director of the Conservatory for a total of sixteen years.

Selçuk spent some time singing in stage musicals. One of Selçuk's most important legacies was the establishment of the position of lead singer in Turkish music. He died on April 27, 1981, and was buried at Aşiyan Asri Cemetery.

He had two sons, both of whom followed his footsteps into music, pianist composer Timur Selçuk, and jazz drummer composer Selim Selçuk. He has another son named Esat from his unofficial relationship with Fikriye Şakrakses, the first female tango artist of the period.

Works
He appeared in the films "Üçüncü Selim'in Gözdesi" (1950), "Hasret" (1944), "Kahveci Güzeli" (1941), and "Allah'ın Cenneti" (1939), as well as composing for three films.

External links and Filimography

1910 Gençlik Çocuk

1911 Gençliği ve Genç ve Gençlik

1912 Garipler

1932 Bir Millet Uyanıyor

1943 Dertli Pınar

1944 Günahsızlar

1946 Senede Bir Gün

1948 Aşk Köprüsü

1950 Üçünçü Selim'in Gözdesi

1951 Lale Devri

1951 Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa

1951 Yavuz Sultan Selim ve Yeniçeri Hasan

1951 Vatan ve Namık Kemal

1951 Yavuz Sultan Selim Ağlıyor

1952 Edi ile Büdü

1955 Günahkar Baba

1957 Bir Avuç Toprak

1958 Dokuz Dagin Efesi

1959 Gurbet

1965 Senede Bir Gün

1965 Sonsuz Geceler

1966 Bir Millet Uyanıyor

1966 Karaoğlan

1973 Hababam Sinifi

1974 Hababam Sinifi Uyanıyor

1975 Hababam Sinifi Kaldi

1975 Reyting Hamdi

1976 Day Day

title: Münir Nurettin Selçuk


text: Category:Politicians in South America

title: Category:Politicians in South America


text:
Category talk:Christian fundamentalism

Notes from Pollinator on category usage
The term fundamentalism has been redefined in recent years by the secular world to include ideas that are not favored by Christian fundamentalists, and the term is often used pejoratively. The Associated Press recognizes that and suggest in its stylebook (though this is not always observed) that the term should only be used with groups that apply the term to themselves.

Historically Christian fundamentalists believe in the defined fundamentals of faith (see link above for more detail). Christian fundamentalists are highly concerned with doctrinal and moral purity and tend to be separatists. In the United States, the secular world assumes that fundamentalists are policically active and powerful, but, except for a couple notable exceptions such as Jerry Falwell, most fundamentalists have not been polictically active, becaue it required coalition building with other conservative Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. Some have just recently been spurred by societal trends to join coalitions with other conservative Christians,

Though often confused by secularists with Christian Evangelicals and Pentecostal Christians with which they have some common heritage, the strength of the separatist ideal within a group can also be a gauge of how fundamentalist they are. For example, fundamentalists do not remain within mainline denominations, so the categorization of the Confessing Movement as fundamentalist is deeply erroneous.

For the purpose of accuracy and courtesy, it is suggested that Wikipedia editors follow the Associated Press guideline.

Membership in Christian fundamentalism
Articles that are members of Category:Christian fundamentalism should have "fundamental" or "fundamentalism" somewhere in the main text of the article.

Categories that are members of Category:Christian fundamentalism should have "fundamental" or "fundamentalism" somewhere in the category page or the text of the main article.

--Kevinkor2 23:18, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

the Word fundamentalism
Dear Kevin, I saw that you removed the catg: Christian fundamentalism from the articles such as Local churches, Watchman Nee, and several others, based on the assumption that a "fundamentalism doped" article should contain at least one mention of the word fundamental or its derived. Well, I don't know much about the other groups and people, but I do think that the above three article I mentioned falls under the criteria C. F (appropriately, if you read them).

The another thing I wanted to say is that, Say, if I add a paragraph in these articles and use the word "fundamentalism" in some sense then the article becomes suitable under the cat: Christian Fundamentalism. How silly is this, Kevin!! Let's give a thought on this and reply me with what your understandings are regarding the inclusion of articles on wikipedia under the category "C. F".

Ya, I just want to discuss this (minor but important), otherwise I have no other reason writing on your page or some duty to put these articles on the catg: C. F. Please give it thought! Thanks. HopeChrist (talk) 17:33, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Hello, HopeChrist. It is good to write to you.

After reading the articles, I agree that Local churches or Watchman Nee are fundamentalist in the sense of "affirming the fundamentals of the Christian faith". However, in the United States, "fundamentalism" has become a perjorative term. It still has the meaning of "affirming the fundamentals of the Christian faith", but this is secondary to the meaning of "an aggressive ... religious movement which, in coalition with ... political forces, seeks to combat what is regarded as the ... takeover of the state, family and church...." (quote from Fundamentalist Christianity)

I agree with you that it would be silly if the sole criteria of whether an article should be a part of Category:Christian fundamentalism is whether it has "fundamentalism" or "fundamentalist" in the body of the article. However, because of their perjorative meanings, "fundamentalism" or "fundamentalist" have become terms that require explanation. An article on Watchman Nee would have to answer the questions, "Is Watchman Nee a fundamentalist?" and "What type of fundamentalist is Watchman Nee? A theological fundamentalist? A political fundamentalist?" If I see an article in Category:Christian fundamentalism without this explanation, I assume (sometimes incorrectly) it is used in the perjorative sense and remove it.

These are my understandings about catg: C. F. What are your thoughts?

P.S.: I have put a copy of this on my talk page and your talk page. Because this discussion helps catg: C. F. and Wikipedia as a whole, I have also added this to the category's talk page. I will try to keep the three synchronized.

-- Kevinkor2 (talk) 09:57, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

 * First thought, fundamentalist Christianity somehow also includes fundamentals of Christian faith whether "it" (the group, movement, or a person/individual) may or may not be politically active. I fully agree to the point that in modern USA today, the word has deviated from its original meaning but then the Wikipedia is not just for the English (speakers) readers of USA but for all the English speakers of this world. For example, when I see the word fundamentalist or fundamentalism (in relation to christians or Christianity) I understand (perceives) its application in terms of "conservatism".

 * Second thought, the word fundamentalism became politically ignited in the last 20 or so years because of the degradation and deviation of the mainline Christianity from the word of God today. For example, the movement such as "King James only movement" railing against all or most of the modern Bible translation. Another example, most of the revival movements of the last century (including the 1980-90s in USA) -- the word "fundamental" became something symbolic for "coming back to the basics".

 * So, I believe, we need little more discussion on this for not to make this so called catg. "Christian fundamentalism" a narrower one.

 * Thanks to all, for sharing the thoughts. HopeChrist (talk) 03:09, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Westboro Baptist Church
They are not christians, and should not be included on this list. Even according to the westboro wiki page, they have been labeled as a cult by most every christian group in the world. 209.142.189.26 (talk) 22:23, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Christian fundamentalism


text:
Vientiane Times

The Vientiane Times is a bilingual English and Lao newspaper, published daily in Vientiane, Laos. Established in 1994 as a weekly, the paper was started by an agency, Lao Press in Foreign Languages, under the Ministry of Information and Culture. It went to twice per week in 1996 and daily in 2004. It runs to 16 pages.

title: Vientiane Times


text:
Sebaceous cyst

A sebaceous cyst is a term commonly used to refer to either:

 * Epidermoid cysts (also termed epidermal cysts, infundibular cyst)
 * Pilar cysts (also termed trichelemmal cysts, isthmus-catagen cysts)

Both of the above types of cysts contain keratin, not sebum, and neither originates from sebaceous glands. Epidermoid cysts originate in the epidermis and pilar cysts originate from hair follicles. Technically speaking, then, they are not sebaceous cysts. "True" sebaceous cysts, which originate from sebaceous glands and which contain sebum, are relatively rare and are known as steatocystoma simplex or, if multiple, as steatocystoma multiplex.

Medical professionals have suggested that the term "sebaceous cyst" be avoided since it can be misleading. In practice, however, the term is still often used for epidermoid and pilar cysts.

Signs and symptoms
The scalp, ears, back, face, and upper arm, are common sites of sebaceous cysts, though they may occur anywhere on the body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. They are more common in hairier areas, where in cases of long duration they could result in hair loss on the skin surface immediately above the cyst. They are smooth to the touch, vary in size, and are generally round in shape.

They are generally mobile masses that can consist of:
 * Fibrous tissues and fluids
 * A fatty (keratinous) substance that resembles cottage cheese, in which case the cyst may be called "keratin cyst" - this material has a characteristic "cheesy" or foot odor smell
 * A somewhat viscous, serosanguineous fluid (containing purulent and bloody material)

The nature of the contents of a sebaceous cyst, and of its surrounding capsule, differs depending on whether the cyst has ever been infected.

With surgery, a cyst can usually be excised in its entirety. Poor surgical technique, or previous infection leading to scarring and tethering of the cyst to the surrounding tissue, may lead to rupture during excision and removal. A completely removed cyst will not recur, though if the patient has a predisposition to cyst formation, further cysts may develop in the same general area.

Causes
Cysts may be related to high levels of testosterone, hence may be more frequent in users of anabolic steroids.

A case has been reported of a sebaceous cyst being caused by the human botfly.

Hereditary causes of sebaceous cysts include Gardner's syndrome and basal cell nevus syndrome.

Pilar cyst
About 90% of pilar cysts occur on the scalp, with the remaining sometimes occurring on the face, trunk, and extremities. Pilar cysts are significantly more common in females, and a tendency to develop these cysts is often inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. In most cases, multiple pilar cysts appear at once.

Treatment
Sebaceous cysts generally do not require medical treatment. However, if they continue to grow, they may become unsightly, painful, and/or infected.

Surgical
Surgical excision of a sebaceous cyst is a simple procedure to completely remove the sac and its contents, although it should be performed when inflammation is minimal.

Three general approaches are used - traditional wide excision, minimal excision, and punch biopsy excision.

The typical outpatient surgical procedure for cyst removal is to numb the area around the cyst with a local anaesthetic, then to use a scalpel to open the lesion with either a single cut down the center of the swelling, or an oval cut on both sides of the center point. If the cyst is small, it may be lanced, instead. The person performing the surgery will squeeze out the contents of the cyst, then use blunt-headed scissors or another instrument to hold the incision wide open while using fingers or forceps to try to remove the cyst wall intact. If the cyst wall can be removed in one piece, the "cure rate" is 100%. If, however, it is fragmented and cannot be entirely recovered, the operator may use curettage (scraping) to remove the remaining exposed fragments, then burn them with an electrocauterization tool, in an effort to destroy them in place. In such cases, the cyst may recur. In either case, the incision is then disinfected, and if necessary, the skin is stitched back together over it. A scar will most likely result.

An infected cyst may require oral antibiotics or other treatment before or after excision. If pus has already formed, then incision and drainage should be done along with avulsion of the cyst wall with proper antibiotics coverage.

An approach involving incision, rather than excision, has also been proposed.

title: Sebaceous cyst


text:
Talk:Eau Claire City Council

Copyvio
This is clearly information from a government website and there is no possibility of copyright problems, unless I am mistaken, of course. "Works produced by employees of the United States federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute." That quotation was from the Copyright page. Micah 08:52, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

See User talk:EdwinHJ. Brianjd 08:43, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)

Works of the United States federal government are in the public domain. Works created by local and state governments within the United States can and often are copyrighted. It's odd, but that's how it works. Gamaliel 09:10, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

CAN BE, but very rarely. Most states clearly make their publications public domain in statue, except for some products of state universities. Edwin 09:19, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

True, but in the United States the default is that something is copyrighted unless specifically placed in the public domain, either by statute, as you stated, or by the creator renouncing copyright. Until we have definite proof that this page is in the public domain, please do not restore the article. Gamaliel 09:27, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I am looking into this
I'm waiting for a call back from the Eau Claire Legal Office about this. The librarian I talked to was 95% sure that in Wisconsin only the University of Wisconsin system had the power to copyright things, and even then, they have to explicitly state it on the material. I have been looking through Wisconsin statutes, but since I'm not a lawyer, I don't know exactly how to interpret what I've found, but I will have an answer by tomorrow hopefully. Micah 05:39, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your reading of the law is right, only the University of Wisconsin system and the Board of Education have the power to copyright. Edwin 05:47, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

The following comments were moved from Eau Claire City Council/Temp To Here, Where They Probably Belong
I fail to see the problem, this is a government web site in the State of Wisconsin, and it is not subject to copyright. It is in the public domain, the information on it is public information. Please let me know if using information of images from US Government websites causes problems, because I really do not think it does. Micah 23:15, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Information from U.S. federal government websites is public domain. Other units of government are not. Only California among the states is. Rmhermen 00:50, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Rewrite article at: Eau Claire City Council/Temp Perhaps my English is not that good, but I didn't know that meant putting discussion here. We have a discussion page for that. Brianjd 07:47, 2004 Dec 24 (UTC)

I decided to just re-write the whole thing, but I'm still unsure about the Copyright Issue
While I am still unsure about if because this was on the City of Eau Claire's website, that it is a matter of public record. While I did ask permission to use the information that I copied from the site, and it was granted, they were unable to tell me what the general rule is for government pages within Wisconsin.

Hope this resolves this issue, but I really would like to know exactly how fair use/public record/public domain plays into local governement sites.

Micah 00:28, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Please do not edit this page for the moment, even if you are rewriting it

Are you exempt from this? Brianjd 06:36, 2004 Dec 29 (UTC)

 * Sorry about that; should I revert it to the copyright statement? I'm not really sure how these things are resolved outside of removing any potential problems (which I did, I hope, by re-writing the article). I'll just keep my hands free of it from now on until it is resolved. Thanks MicahMN | Talk 23:53, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Copyright problems
Moved from Copyright problems:
 * Eau Claire City Council from Brianjd 08:35, 2004 Dec 9 (UTC)
 * These seem to be public records of a city government. Are they copyrightable? --Gene s 08:45, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * They are not under copyright, they are in the public domain Micah 23:18, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The discussion at /Talk is quite interesting; it seems possible that (almost) all Wisconsin government documents are PD, in which case this should be recorded somewhere (Public domain resources?) to guide (a) future WP:CP cases and (b) provide Wikipedians with a source of PD materials. Having said that, wisconsin.gov has a copyright policy which implies that they do have copyright. --rbrwr± 17:30, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * After looking at the Wisconsin Copyright page, it says that "The fair use guidelines of the U.S. copyright statutes apply to all material on theWisconsin.gov and linked agency Webpages." Then it says "For copy or use of information on the State of Wisconsin website that is outside of the fair use provisions of copyright law, please seek permission from the individual listed as responsible for the page." Isn't Wikipedia using this for fair use? Micah 23:55, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Maybe so, but Fair use is not the same as public domain. If you want to assert fair use, go ahead. I would still like to know whether it really is PD, because it makes a difference to future copyvio cases. --rbrwr± 19:48, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

End moved text

As the article was rewritten, I'm just leaving it as-is. I'd merge the /Temp page's history into it, but the damned block-compressed revisions error is preventing that. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:56, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

aldermatic districts
Is this supposed to say "aldermanic"? Tom e rtalk 00:31, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Paging anyone with this on their watch page
I'm considering putting this up on AfD, since it could eeeasilly be merged with Eau Claire, Wisconsin; It also requires updates, and I don't think there are that many interested folks. Xavexgoem (talk) 03:44, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

Oh hey, we have WP:PROD for that! Xavexgoem (talk) 03:46, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

 * A merge proposal is different from a proposed deletion in a number of significant ways... I am not even mildly opposed to merging this information into the Eau Claire, Wisconsin article, leaving a redirect to that article here, but the idea of deleting it outright raises some fairly significant GFDL issues...at least more troublesome than I currently have time to deal with. Tomertalk 05:10, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Sounds good... Err, there isn't much to merge, though, unless we really want to put every member of city council into the already listy EC article. What about a plain redirect? Or should they be listed in the other article? Xavexgoem (talk) 05:14, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * How much of the material is included in the city article is open for discussion. My main goal was just to kibbitz about the problems with a PROD vs. a merge.  :-)  Tomertalk  16:44, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, I paged the other guy. So it's just you and me :-)
 * Personally, I don't think the EC article needs such detail, because... who in Germany cares who the councilman for the 3rd ward is? (Speaking of which, who in Germany cares that 18 is ABC? :-p) Xavexgoem (talk) 18:33, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
 * It seems to me that that's a discussion far more germane to de:Eau Claire (Wisconsin). 71.87.23.22 (talk) 12:46, 1 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Dunno why I singled it out :p
 * Who outside of Eau Claire cares who, blahblahblah ;-) Xavexgoem (talk) 19:58, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eau Claire City Council


text:
Proof assistant

In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human–machine collaboration. This involves some sort of interactive proof editor, or other interface, with which a human can guide the search for proofs, the details of which are stored in, and some steps provided by, a computer.

A recent effort within this field is making these tools use artificial intelligence to automate the formalization of ordinary mathematics.

System comparison

 * ACL2 – a programming language, a first-order logical theory, and a theorem prover (with both interactive and automatic modes) in the Boyer–Moore tradition.
 * Coq – Allows the expression of mathematical assertions, mechanically checks proofs of these assertions, helps to find formal proofs, and extracts a certified program from the constructive proof of its formal specification.
 * HOL theorem provers – A family of tools ultimately derived from the LCF theorem prover. In these systems the logical core is a library of their programming language. Theorems represent new elements of the language and can only be introduced via "strategies" which guarantee logical correctness. Strategy composition gives users the ability to produce significant proofs with relatively few interactions with the system. Members of the family include:
 * HOL4 – The "primary descendant", still under active development. Support for both Moscow ML and Poly/ML. Has a BSD-style license.
 * HOL Light – A thriving "minimalist fork". OCaml based.
 * ProofPower – Went proprietary, then returned to open source. Based on Standard ML.
 * IMPS, An Interactive Mathematical Proof System.
 * Isabelle is an interactive theorem prover, successor of HOL. The main code-base is BSD-licensed, but the Isabelle distribution bundles many add-on tools with different licenses.
 * Jape – Java based.
 * Lean
 * LEGO
 * Matita – A light system based on the Calculus of Inductive Constructions.
 * MINLOG – A proof assistant based on first-order minimal logic.
 * Mizar – A proof assistant based on first-order logic, in a natural deduction style, and Tarski–Grothendieck set theory.
 * PhoX – A proof assistant based on higher-order logic which is eXtensible.
 * Prototype Verification System (PVS) – a proof language and system based on higher-order logic.
 * TPS and ETPS – Interactive theorem provers also based on simply-typed lambda calculus, but based on an independent formulation of the logical theory and independent implementation.

User interfaces
A popular front-end for proof assistants is the Emacs-based Proof General, developed at the University of Edinburgh.

Coq includes CoqIDE, which is based on OCaml/Gtk. Isabelle includes Isabelle/jEdit, which is based on jEdit and the Isabelle/Scala infrastructure for document-oriented proof processing. More recently, Visual Studio Code extensions have been developed for Coq, Isabelle by Makarius Wenzel, and for Lean 4 by the leanprover developers.

Formalization extent
Freek Wiedijk has been keeping a ranking of proof assistants by the amount of formalized theorems out of a list of 100 well-known theorems. As of September 2023, only five systems have formalized proofs of more than 70% of the theorems, namely Isabelle, HOL Light, Coq, Lean, and Metamath.

Notable formalized proofs
The following is a list of notable proofs that have been formalized within proof assistants.

title: Proof assistant


text:
User talk:Wavehawk

Hi! welcome to Wikipedia!

Hope you enjoy contributing to Wikipedia. Be bold in editing pages. Here are some links that you might find useful:

 * Try the Tutorial. If you have less time, try How to edit a page.
 * To sign your posts (for eg. on talk pages) use 	 ~  (four tildes). This will insert your name and timestamp. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes).
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * For help, see Where to ask a question.
 * Some other pages that will help you know more about Wikipedia: Manual of Style and Five pillars, Neutral point of view, Civility, What Wikipedia is not
 * You can contribute in many ways: write a great article, fight vandalism, upload pictures, perform maintainance tasks, contribute to existing projects...

I hope you stick around and keep contributing to Wikipedia. Drop us a note at New user log.

-- utcursch | talk

title: User talk:Wavehawk


text:
User talk:Artw

Tu mamá seba — Preceding unsigned comment added by 181.9.178.145 (talk) 15:10, 13 October 2022 (UTC)

Similar AFD's
I see you weighed in on Cain (DC Comics), since they are so similar I am just noting there is an AFD on on Abel (DC Comics) and Eve (DC Comics) as well. Jhenderson 7 7 7  02:47, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Source for Cain (DC Comics) that I let you add here. Jhenderson  7 7 7  03:05, 18 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Cheers - I should give those a look too. Artw (talk)

 * Yeah I was going to add Lucien (DC Comics) too. But the AFD delayed it. Together they are the four originated horror hosts that were revived by Vertigo / Sandman etc. Jhenderson  7 7 7  03:38, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Actually adding content? Commendable these days. Artw (talk) 03:49, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

 * I understand what you mean. I talked about it with Rtkat3 and we seemed on board with it. Though we have a minefield of deletionists who don’t like various content when done not right and just perfect. Speaking of minefield, my bad on the rollback. My thumb clicked the wrong button when I wanted to preview. Jhenderson  7 7 7  04:04, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Digging up a source for thius might be fun if you do Lucien. Artw (talk) 04:42, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

 * Very resonable source for publication history. I will see what I can do with it sometime.  Jhenderson  7 7 7  05:34, 18 November 2020 (UTC)

Merry Christmas!

BOZ (talk) is wishing you a Merry Christmas! This greeting (and season) promotes WikiLove and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a Merry Christmas, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Don't eat yellow snow!

Spread the holiday cheer by adding to their talk page with a friendly message.

I'm wishing you a Merry Christmas, because that is what I celebrate. Feel free to take a "Happy Holidays" or "Season's Greetings" if you prefer. :) BOZ (talk) 05:03, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

"Esper (fiction)" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Esper (fiction). The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 December 31 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. --BDD (talk) 16:31, 31 December 2020 (UTC)

Edit war warning
You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war. This means that you are repeatedly changing content back to how you think it should be although other editors disagree. Users are expected to collaborate with others, to avoid editing disruptively, and to try to reach a consensus, rather than repeatedly undoing other users' edits once it is known that there is a disagreement.

Points to note: If you find yourself in an editing dispute, use the article's talk page to discuss controversial changes and work towards a version that represents consensus among editors. You can post a request for help at an appropriate noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases, it may be appropriate to request temporary page protection. If you engage in an edit war, you may be blocked from editing.
 * 1) Edit warring is disruptive regardless of how many reverts you have made;
 * 2) Do not edit war even if you believe you are right.

Notice of edit warring noticeboard discussion
Hello. This message is being sent to inform you that there is currently a discussion involving you at Administrators' noticeboard/Edit warring regarding a possible violation of Wikipedia's policy on edit warring. Thank you. 7curator78 (talk) 01:03, 30 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Cute. Where? Artw (talk) 01:08, 30 July 2021 (UTC)
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Edit_warring#User:ZeroSD_reported_by_User:7curator78_(Result:_)7curator78 (talk) 01:16, 30 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Deeply unimpressive. Artw (talk) 01:24, 30 July 2021 (UTC)

Merry Christmas!

BOZ (talk) is wishing you a Merry Christmas! This greeting (and season) promotes WikiLove and hopefully this note has made your day a little better. Spread the WikiLove by wishing another user a Merry Christmas, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past, a good friend, or just some random person. Don't eat yellow snow!

Spread the holiday cheer by adding to their talk page with a friendly message.

I'm wishing you a Merry Christmas, because that is what I celebrate. Feel free to take a "Happy Holidays" or "Season's Greetings" if you prefer. :) BOZ (talk) 20:17, 22 December 2021 (UTC)

Important Notice
Doug Weller talk 20:22, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Masters of the Universe
I got tired of the vandalism and reported the Anon IP. As you also reverted him several times you might add a comment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Edit_warring -- 109.79.68.165 (talk) 12:40, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

"Unlimited Class Wrestling Federation" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Unlimited Class Wrestling Federation and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 March 19 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. signed,Rosguill talk 15:32, 19 March 2022 (UTC)

Personal attacks
if the deletions here are based on the excuse you put forwards they are based on lies and invalid. If we assume good faith and TPM's fingers slipped and caused them to do a bunch of deletions out of incompetency then they are likewise invalid. - accusing other editors of being incompetent is unacceptable. Having disagreements with others does not mean you can call them incompetent. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 13:08, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry, these are not "disagreements". TPH is engaged in a repeated and continued pattern of introducing untruths into deletion discussions, this is an established fact of the ANI concerning them, and as a result their competency to edit is fully a matter of discussion. Artw (talk) 13:47, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * "untruths", such as what, exactly? Nominating at AfD articles which fail WP:NOT or WP:V? That doesn't seem untrue to me. Accusing other editors of misbehaviour without evidence is similarly unacceptable. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 13:58, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Would suggest revisiting the ANI for examples of times this has not been the case. I absolutely would not take their word on an article failing a policy and neither should you, that is the problem. Artw (talk) 14:08, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I absolutely would not take their word on an article failing a policy Except, from looking at a few of the recent AfDs, they certainly seem correct about it, and your call to not WP:AGF seems unconvincing. RandomCanadian (talk / contribs) 14:12, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Not from my direct experience. But sgain, there is an entire ANI on this subject, possibly you'd be better off discussing it there? Artw (talk) 14:19, 5 June 2022 (UTC)

Copying within Wikipedia requires attribution
Hi. I noticed that your recent merges into Darkover series and Microsoft WebMatrix do not include attribution in their edit summaries as required by WP:Copying within Wikipedia (guideline, shortcut WP:PATT). I see that you have been an editor for a long time, so I will not template you. The relevant warning template is Uw-copying if you would like to refer to it. Please let me know if you would like assistance with WP:Copying within Wikipedia (shortcut WP:RIA). Thanks. Flatscan (talk) 04:25, 6 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi, actually that’s the first time I’ve run into this, thanks for letting me know. I’ve reverted the webmatrix page for now - does an attribution issue remain? Artw (talk) 05:46, 6 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your quick response! Your fix of Darkover series looks good. I personally like to use Special:PermanentLink and Special:Diff to be extra precise (example: Special:Diff/1082252851). The reverted content is still visible in Microsoft WebMatrix's history, so it technically needs attribution, but very few editors are sticklers about this case. Would you like me to add Copied templates to the talk pages? Flatscan (talk) 04:46, 7 June 2022 (UTC)

Arbcom stuff
Don't forget to put your name in the section heading, of your evidence section :) GoodDay (talk) 21:41, 19 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Cheers. Artw (talk) 21:42, 19 June 2022 (UTC)

Discussion
Hi @Artw, just wanted to bring your attention to this ongoing discussion: User_talk:PhotographyEdits. I think the article should be kept, so I hope it does not have to go through AfD. If you'd like to voice your opinion, you can do it there already. PhotographyEdits (talk) 16:48, 20 June 2022 (UTC)
 * I've stuck it on AfD for now, as a procedural matter, but FWIW I lean more neutral or keep. Artw (talk) 16:49, 20 June 2022 (UTC)

Small world
Thanks for the assist at Crawford's Biscuits. They started in Edinburgh's port of Leith and, as it happens, I just attended a virtual event based in Edinburgh. A new editor, Tenniswood, attended this training event and astounded us by saying that she was in Seattle where it was 5 am local time. As you're based in Seattle too, please advise her of any Wiki events in your locality so that she doesn't need to get up so early! Andrew🐉(talk) 16:56, 24 June 2022 (UTC)

I’m not really active in anything like that but will bear it in mind! Artw (talk) 17:07, 24 June 2022 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Artw


text:
Polperro

Polperro (Porthpyra, meaning Pyra's cove) is a large village, civil parish, and fishing harbour within the Polperro Heritage Coastline in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Its population is around 1,554.

Polperro, through which runs the River Pol, is 7 miles (11 km) east of Fowey and 4 miles (6 km) west of the neighbouring town of Looe and 25 mi west of the major city and naval port of Plymouth. It is a noted tourist destination, particularly in the summer months, for its idyllic appearance with tightly-packed ancient fishermen's houses which survive almost untouched, its quaint harbour and attractive coastline.

Toponymy
The name Polperro derives from the Cornish Porthpyra, meaning harbour named after Pyran. However Ekwall suggests that "Pyra" or "Pira" may not be a personal name and suggests that "Perro" could be a name for the stream. Early forms are Portpira, 1303, and Porpira, 1379. The chapel of St Peter de Porthpyre is mentioned in 1398 and the following forms are recorded from the reign of King Henry VIII: Polpyz explained as "fish-pool" (probably a literal error for Polpyr), Poulpirrhe, Poul Pier and Poulpyrre (in John Leland's account).

Early history
Polperro, since medieval times, fell under the jurisdiction of two ancient and separate manors, those of Raphael in the parish of Lansallos, west of the River Pol which runs through the middle of the village, and Killigarth to the east in the parish of Talland, mentioned in the Domesday Book.

As early as the 13th century Polperro was a recognised fishing settlement and its first known record is in a Royal Ordinance of 1303.

Later history
The date of the building of Polperro's older quay is uncertain but Jonathan Couch (writing in the mid-19th century) considered that it is either the one mentioned by John Leland or one built upon the same site. It was probably built under the patronage of the lord of the manor of Raphael who owned the harbour and its rights. Polperro's newer quay, also of unknown antiquity, is sited almost on an east-west alignment a little further out to sea. It was built before 1774 when it suffered much damage in a storm, following which Thomas Long, of Penheale and lord of the manors of Raphael and Lansallos, paid for its repair.

Parts of the harbour were rebuilt after destruction by a violent storm on 19 and 20 January 1817, when thirty large boats, two seiners and many smaller boats were destroyed with many parts of the village including the Green and Peak Rock were consumed by the sea waters and a number of houses were swept away. The damage was estimated at £2,000 but there were no deaths. This storm, with hurricane-force winds, caused damage to property from Plymouth to Land's End; the fishing boats at Polperro ″shared in the common calamity and exposed the unhappy sufferers to distress from which the industry of years can scarcely be expected to relieve them″.

In November 1824 the worst ever storm occurred: three houses were destroyed, the whole of one pier and half the other were swept away and nearly 50 boats in the harbour were dashed to pieces. Of the six boats that survived, only one of which was a Gaffer. Polperro's new pier was designed to afford better protection for the future. The East Indiaman Albemarle was blown ashore with a valuable cargo of diamonds, coffee, pepper, silk and indigo on 9 December 1708 near Polperro (the precise location of the wreck is yet to be discovered).

Jonathan Couch was the village doctor for many years, and wrote the history of the village as well as various works of natural history (particularly on ichthyology). The History of Polperro, 1871, was published after his death by his son, Thomas Quiller Couch, with many abridgements since. Couch contributed two series of articles to the periodical Notes and Queries – The Folklore of a Cornish Village 1855 and 1857, and these were incorporated in the History of Polperro, to which he also contributed a sketch of his father's life. The welfare of the fishermen and the prosperity of the fisheries were in his care together with his medical and scientific work.

Polperro's beauty has long been a magnet for artists. The celebrated Austrian painter Oskar Kokoschka, upon discovering Polperro, spent a year in the village between 1939 and 1940. It also features as a location for filming the TV drama series, Doc Martin and Beyond Paradise.

Smuggling
Smuggling is understood to have prospered since Polperro developed as a port in the 12th century. It reached its zenith in the late 18th century when Britain's wars with America and France precipitated the high taxation of many imported goods, making it worthwhile for the local fishermen to boost their income by the covert importation of spirits, tobacco and other goods from Guernsey and elsewhere. By the late 18th century, much of the success of the smuggling trade through Polperro was controlled by Zephaniah Job (1749–1822), a local merchant who became known as the 'Smugglers' Banker'.

A more organised Coast Guard service was introduced in the 19th century together with the deterrent of stiff penalties, leading to much less smuggling. Part of the South West Coast Path was originally used by Revenue Officers as they patrolled the coast in search of smugglers. Whilst the South West Coast Path is maintained by the National Trust, the foreshore belongs to the Duchy of Cornwall.

Robert Jeffery
In 1807, on Commander Warwick Lake's HMS Recruit (1806), Robert Jeffery, a Polperroite, was found to have stolen his midshipman's beer, and Lake, in a fit of pique, ordered him to be marooned on the island of Sombrero off Anguilla. Jeffery was born in Fowey but moved to Polperro before joining the merchant navy and then being press-ganged into the Royal Navy.

Some months later, Lake's commanding officer Sir Alexander Cochrane learned of what had happened and immediately ordered Lake to retrieve Jeffery. When Recruit arrived at Sombrero, Jeffery could not be found. Eventually the story got out and Lake was discharged from the Royal Navy by court martial for his actions. As it turned out, Jeffery had been rescued by an American ship and was discovered in Massachusetts three years later, working as a blacksmith; he was repatriated to Britain and awarded compensation.

Tourism
Tourism became Polperro's main industry during the 20th century. The village is accessible by air via Plymouth or Newquay, by train via Looe railway station, by road and by boat. It was estimated that the village received about 25,000 visitors a day during summer in the 1970s. Visitors are no longer permitted to drive cars into the village, having to leave them in the main car park at Crumplehorn to the north of the village and walk through the half-mile length of the village to its harbour. The village's quaint but narrow streets make driving difficult. There are horse and cart rides and milk floats disguised as trams for those who prefer not to walk.

Attractions of Polperro include the South West Coast Path, the 630 mi-long and established walk from Dorset to Somerset which passes through the village, and offers day walks along the local scenic coastline, in particular to nearby Talland Bay on the coast path heading East. Westwards, the path passes three large beaches en route to Fowey: Lansallos Beach, Lantivit Bay and Lantic Bay. Within the village is the Polperro Heritage Museum of Fishing and Smuggling, situated on the harbourside in an old fish processing warehouse, which houses interesting photographs of the village's history among other popular displays. Guided walks are available in the village, and boat trips can be taken from the harbour to view the coastline which can offer sightings of dolphins and seals.

The village has several restaurants as well as seven pubs. A holiday and caravan park is situated outside the village to the northeast at Carey Park.

Fishing
Fishing was traditionally the principal occupation of Polperro families. For centuries the village has been a pilchard fishing and processing port. Fish are drawn for feeding off the South Cornwall coast in late summer bringing rich pickings for local fishermen. Once ashore, the fish were salted and pressed and the oil was collected as a by-product and used for heating and lighting. Polperro pilchards were exported throughout Europe.

Shoals of these fish diminished in the 20th century and pilchard fishing died out as Polperro's mainstay in the 1960s, however approximately twelve commercial fishing vessels still operate from the harbour catching flatfish, scallops, crabs, monkfish, ray, pollock, bass and cod. Fresh fish and seafood are available for purchase at the quayside from time to time.

Festivals
Other than traditional festival days, The Polperro Festival has been held annually since 1996, being a community festival run by volunteers beginning on the 3rd Saturday in June which helps to promote business for the village. It started as an Arts and crafts Festival, and has developed to include live music of many genres, dance, street entertainment, theatre and children's entertainment and local food. Most of the entertainment centres on Big Green, the village square, and for the last few years under a covered marquee. After 9 pm, for noise considerations, the festivities at Big Green disperse elsewhere.

Lord Mayors
As part of the Polperro festivities, a Lord Mayor is chosen in secret and revealed on the main stage on the first Saturday. Their identity is kept secret until the reveal and they are brought out wearing an outfit that best represents them and what they are recognised for within the village. The Lord Mayor is then paraded through the village accompanied by their "Merry Men" where they go to every pub and inn to taste the ale, to make sure it is suitable for the village for the upcoming year. Once they have visited all the pubs and inns, they are then brought down the beach where they "meet the tide". This marks the opening of the festival and traditionally was meant for the village drunk or local idiot where they would throw them in the harbour in an attempt to sober them up.

Past Lord Mayors of Polperro
Here is a current list of all the previous Lord Mayors of Polperro since its conception in 1996:

1996 - Ashley Courts

1997 - John Holden

1998 - Brenda Thomas

1999 - Joe Card

2000 - Chris Pannewitz

2001 - Terry Bicknell

2002 - Gilly Davis

2003 - Martin "Beaver" Thomas

2004 - Alun "Pendragon" Thomas

2005 - Ted Pilcher

2006 - Glenda Taper

2007 - Erica Gregory

2008 - John "Grandad" Marshall

2009 - Alan "Coach" Morris

2010 - Robert Chisman

2011 - Tony White

2012 - Sam Baker

2013 - Nathan "Small" Toms

2014 - Franco Miceli

2015 - Abbi Rendell

2016 - Brian & Rita Morgan

2017 - Gina Farrell

2018 - James Overton

2019 - Mike Jelly

2022 - Phil Thomas

 * Note: There was no festival held between 2020 & 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead Mike Jelly held onto the Lord Mayor title until handing over to Phil Thomas in 2022.

History of the Lord Mayoralty
Ashley Courts was the first Lord Mayor of Polperro and first male Lord Mayor. Brenda Thomas was the first female Lord Mayor. Martin "Beaver" Thomas was the second member of the same family to be Lord Mayor (Thomas '98). Brian & Rita Morgan were the first duo to serve jointly as Lord Mayor. Mike Jelly was the first Lord Mayor to hold onto the title for more than one term. Phil Thomas was the third member of the same family to be Lord Mayor (Thomas '98 & '03).

Lord Mayor's money, portrait and Lord Mayor's Ball
In addition to his ceremonial robe and hat, commemorative money is printed featuring the Lord Mayor's face. This money is not legal tender being strictly for commemorative purposes and has no real value within the village anymore. They are also presented with a portrait painted by a local artist which is displayed the following year of their term as Lord Mayor, each Lord Mayor serves only for one year (with the exception of Mike Jelly due to the COVID-19 pandemic) and it is their job to open new businesses throughout the year and also be present at any other activities or festivities happening within the village during their term of office. As a result, a Lord Mayor's Ball is held in their honour, usually around April time, which is a night held for festivities and merriment. The current Lord Mayor can choose what band is to be played and in recent years will choose a theme for patrons to dress up. All money raised on this night is then donated back in the Polperro Festival Fund ready for the next year's festival and incoming Lord Mayor.

Notable buildings
Couch's House in Lansallos Street was home to naturalist and physician, Jonathan Couch and before him of many generations of the Quiller family who became prosperous through the proceeds of smuggling and buccaneering.

Polperro's War Memorial is some distance outside the village on the coast path towards Talland. Also, tucked away in the village's winding streets (on "The Warren"), is a house clad entirely in shells, known colloquially as "The Shell House".

Churches
Situated in the Anglican diocese of Truro Polperro, although a small village, is served by two Church of England parishes divided by the River Pol: Lansallos to the west and Talland to the east. The 19th-century Anglican Chapel of St John, a chapel of ease to Talland Parish Church, stands in the village but no longer conducts services. John Wesley preached in the village in 1762 and 1768: by 1792 it was possible to build a large chapel accommodating 250 people and Methodism flourished in Polperro during the 1800s.

Sclerder Abbey, a Roman Catholic monastery, is located off the road to Looe, just outside the village.

Science
In the late 19th century, Sir Francis Galton conducted a study of fingerprints at Polperro. He chose the village because of the prevalence of intermarriage amongst its inhabitants, being only accessible from the sea or by coastal path at that time. His findings helped to advance criminology and sociology and include extensive genealogies of local families which are held at the College of Arms in London.

Notable residents

 * Donald Adamson, author and historian
 * Angela Brazil, novelist
 * Anyon Cook, illustrator for Enid Blyton. (Harbour Studio)
 * Jonathan Couch, naturalist, physician and antiquary
 * Walter Greenwood, novelist, lived in Polperro briefly during the 1930s and founded the production company, Greenpark Productions, there in 1938.
 * Zephaniah Job, "The Smugglers' Banker"
 * Oskar Kokoschka, artist
 * Rita Tushingham, actress lived in the village in the 1970s.
 * Hugh Walpole, novelist

Council
Polperro Community Council is the lowest level of government for the parish.

title: Polperro


text:
Harriet Smithson

Harriet Constance Smithson (18 March 1800 – 3 March 1854), who also went by Henrietta Constance Smithson, Harriet Smithson Berlioz, and Miss H.C. Smithson, was an Anglo-Irish Shakespearean actress of the 19th century, best known as the first wife and muse of Hector Berlioz.

Early life
Harriet Smithson was born on 18 March 1800, at Ennis, County Clare, Ireland. Her father, William Joseph Smithson, was an actor and theatrical manager from Gloucestershire, England, and her mother was an actress whose full name is unknown. She also had a brother, Joseph Smithson, and a sister, name also unknown. In October 1801, Harriet was left in the care of Reverend James Barrett, a priest of the Church of Ireland, parish of Drumcliffe. Barrett became her guardian and brought her up as though she were his own daughter. He instructed her "in the precepts of religion," and kept everything connected with the stage from her view. After Barrett's death on 16 February 1808, the Smithsons sent Harriet to a boarding school in Waterford.

Irish beginning
On 27 May 1814, Smithson made her first stage appearance at the Theatre Royal (Dublin), as Albina Mandevill in Frederick Reynolds's The Will. Her performance was well received, and the Freeman's Journal gave her a positive review.

"She certainly is a most interesting and promising young actress, and there is no doubt she would prove a great acquisition to Crow-street, in the line of performance which her taste, as well as her talents, incline her to pursue."

In 1815, Smithson took her parents' place in Montague Talbot's company in Belfast after they returned to Dublin. The season opened on 1 January 1816, where she extended her range in roles, performing in multiple comedies. She then travelled to Newry, Limerick, Dublin, and Burmingham, where she joined Robert Elliston's company. She spent the next two months playing over forty roles in various genres.

Debut in London
Four years later, 20 January 1818, Smithson made her first London appearance at Drury Lane as Letitia Hardy in The Belle's Stratagem. Her first performance received mixed reviews from critics, but she quickly gained some favour of critics and performers as she obtained more experience.

She joined the permanent company at the Royal Coburg later that year. However, she rejoined Drury Lane Company in the autumn of 1820. On 20 February 1821, she took the lead female role in Thérèse by John Howard Payne, when the cast actress fell ill.

Overall, the London public remembered her as The Times put it, "a face and features well adapted to her profession; but [an actress] not likely to make a great impression on a London audience, or to figure among stars of the first magnitude."

Success in Paris
In 1827, Smithson made her Paris début as Lydia Languish in The Rivals at the Odéon theatre. Though she received negative reviews for this role, she was highly praised for her beauty and ability in the subsequent performance of She Stoops to Conquer.

On 11 September 1827, she was given the small part of Ophelia next to Charles Kemble in Shakespeare's Hamlet which was when Hector Berlioz first saw her. She left a long lasting impression on the French through her interpretation of Ophelia's madness, utilizing pantomime and natural presentation.

"Miss Smithson acted the scene in which, robbed of her sanity, she takes her own veil to be her father's body with utmost grace and truth. The whole passage which seemed long and relatively insignificant and even exaggerated in reading, had tremendous impact on stage…The most remarkable feature of her acting is her pantomime; she adopts fantastic postures; and she uses the dying fall in her inflections, without ever ceasing to be natural…"

The tremendous success of Hamlet led to that of Romeo & Juliet, for 15 September. Smithson was cast as Juliet, where she revolutionized the women's role in theatre by becoming as important as her male counterpart, Romeo. Until this point, women's lines in theatre were heavily cut and censored to reduce the role for the company's "restricted talent." Again, the production was widely well received.

"Miss Smithson was charged with the role of Juliet, and she was excellent in it. It was in the scene in the second act, where she has a night meeting with Romeo, that her acting began to attract the audience's attention. This scene is extremely beautiful, even though it is written with a studied refinement...Miss Smithson could not have been more graceful upon the balcony; her posture were full of truth, grace, and love...In her strong moments, she is no longer a woman, but a Fury or something approaching that..." On 18 September, Shakespeare's Othello became the third Shakespeare tragedy to be performed by The English theatre. Her performance as Desdemona was less effective, but the production was popular enough to be repeated the week after. The English Theatre replaced the productions of tragedies with comedies, such as The Belle's Stratagem, The School for Scandal, Mrs. Centlivre's The Wonder, and Mrs. Cowley's The Weathercock. However, press's demand for more tragedies led to the production of The Tragedy of Jane Shore. In this renowned tragedy, Smithson was cast as Shore, the role in which she moved her audience to tears. The production soon became the most performed play in the English season. At the end of her time in France, she acted in several productions with famous actors such as William Charles Macready, Edmund Kean, and Charles Kemble.

Smithson became famous for her natural presentation of characters, striking pantomime, and beauty. She introduced the French to natural English theatrical techniques that allowed her to become her characters instead of simply portraying them. The new acting style, emphasizing drama and truth, which appealed to the French Romantics, prevailed over traditional French Classicists' idea of great acting. Soon, many French actresses started to imitate her method.

Back in London
As opportunities to continue her work in Paris dwindled, Smithson returned to London to perform Jane Shore again. The production opened at Covent Garden on 11 May 1829 under unfavorable circumstances. Some audience members, who had read her reviews before she went to Paris, felt reluctant to attend the show. Furthermore, the London press was anxious to prove that their previous reviews of her average acting were accurate. Newspapers such as the Examiner gave the first performance a begrudging review:

"Her action is easy and graceful though somewhat redundant. Her declamation and studied choice of attitudes show that she has been a careful student in the French school of High tragedy. Her voice from a peculiarity in its intonation has a monotonous effect…" However, just seven days after her next performance as Juliet, in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the press, including The Examiner, gave her glowing reviews:

"Miss Smithson's performance of Juliet, take it as a whole, is by many degrees the best we have seen since the days of Miss O'Neil…She is the best tragic actress now in London."

She appeared as Belvidera in Venice Preserved and as Mrs Simpson in Simpson and Co on the Lincoln Circuit at the Peterborough theatre between 27 June and 2 July 1831. After Covent Garden closed for the summer in 1832, Smithson toured England to minor theatres performing almost exclusively in tragedies. In June 1832, she joined the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, where she had limited success and received criticism about her weight.

End of career
In 1830, Smithson went back to Paris to set up an English theatre under her own management. She obtained permission to perform at the Theatre-Italien where she performed several unsuccessful plays. A year later, she broke her leg and was forced to put her career on hold until her leg healed. She was now in great debt, yet her mother and sister still depended on her for support. She gave her last performance, as Ophelia, on 15 December 1836, before her health deteriorated.

As a muse
Smithson's genuine portrayal of her characters led to her fame and elusiveness. Until her, tragedy was considered primarily a man's realm. Her distinctly genuine, almost grotesque, interpretation of characters made way for subsequent actresses in tragedies. In this way, she set the standard of great acting for all actors.

Smithson's excellent acting muddled perceptions of her personality with that of her female characters. At the height of her career, she became the figurehead for the French Romantic movement. The many French Romantic pieces of art, plays, music, and written works she had inspired depicted her as Ophelia, Juliet, and Harriet. The most famous of these works was Hector Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique. After Berlioz saw Smithson as Ophelia in 1827, he became infatuated with her, or rather with "a dramatic image [of a woman] lent force by supreme art of Shakespeare and intensity by a highly charged occasion and performance." His obsession prompted him to compose the Symphonie Fantastique, which is known as the first great romantic symphony.

Marriage to Hector Berlioz
Berlioz discovered Smithson at the Odéon Theatre performing the roles of Juliet Capulet and Ophelia and immediately fell in love with her. He persistently sent her letters despite never having met her. For a brief period, he lived in an apartment whence he could see her return home and watch her until she went to sleep. She ignored all of his advances until 1832, when she was invited to a performance of Lélio, a sequel to his Symphonie Fantastique, by a mutual friend. She realized that the symphony was about her and sent Berlioz a message congratulating him. Berlioz quickly received permission to meet her and they became lovers. Despite her quiet reluctance and the opposition of both families and friends, they were married at the British Embassy in Paris on 3 October 1833. Louis, the couple's only child, was born on 14 August 1834.

Smithson soon became resentful and jealous of Berlioz as his musical success distanced him from her. As she became increasingly possessive and ill, Berlioz began an affair with Marie Recio, a singer at the Paris Opera, who was to be Berlioz’ second wife. Smithson eventually moved out of the matrimonial home on the rue Saint Vincent, Montmartre, to the rue Blanche in 1843, but was still financially supported by Berlioz.

Death
Toward the end of her life, Smithson suffered from paralysis, which left her barely able to move or speak. She died on 3 March 1854, at her home on the rue Saint-Vincent, and was buried at the Cimetière Saint-Vincent. Berlioz later had her body reinterred at the Montmartre cemetery when Saint-Vincent's was to be redeveloped.

title: Harriet Smithson


text:
Volcanic crater

A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions, molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber, through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the gases escape into the atmosphere and the magma is erupted as lava. A volcanic crater can be of large dimensions, and sometimes of great depth. During certain types of explosive eruptions, a volcano's magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside, forming a type of larger depression known as a caldera.

Geomorphology
In most volcanoes, the crater is situated at the top of a mountain formed from the erupted volcanic deposits such as lava flows and tephra. Volcanoes that terminate in such a summit crater are usually of a conical form. Other volcanic craters may be found on the flanks of volcanoes, and these are commonly referred to as flank craters. Some volcanic craters may fill either fully or partially with rain and/or melted snow, forming a crater lake. These lakes may become soda lakes, many of which are associated with active tectonic and volcanic zones.

A crater may be breached during an eruption, either by explosions or by lava, or through later erosion. Breached craters have a much lower rim on one side.

Some volcanoes, such as maars, consist of a crater alone, with scarcely any mountain at all. These volcanic explosion craters are formed when magma rises through water-saturated rocks, which causes a phreatic eruption. Volcanic craters from phreatic eruptions often occur on plains away from other obvious volcanoes. Not all volcanoes form craters.

title: Volcanic crater


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The shocker

The shocker
The shocker was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete.

Slang dicdef. I've heard this outside of Wikipedia, so I know it is in real use, but I don't think we need an article on it. Move it to wiktionary, I guess. Tuf-Kat
 * Delete: Vulgarism with no lifespan yet. More Beavis & Butthead wiki.  Geogre 15:09, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Possibly a thinly disguised advertisement for this website or this (adult) product. No useful content. Andrewa 16:07, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism, dictdef. -- Antaeus Feldspar 18:45, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is definitely a non-etymological agenda here (probably an ad for collegehumor.com, as Andrewa noted) Wyss 19:29, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete or merge with an article on foreplay? P Ingerson 00:42, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Del.Mikkalai 08:41, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism, dictdef. —tregoweth 21:27, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. ComCat.

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Technocracy (Mage: The Ascension)

Capitalization
I reverted your page movement so as to comply with Manual_of_Style - article title should not contain excess capitalization. -- Forseti 08:50, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

1While true, we are (in this case) talking about a propper noun. By virtue of its being a title and subtitle (as opposed to a mere descriptive adjective), "The" should be capitalized, just as it is on every other World of Darkness product line is. More to the point however, since 90% of all WoD product references are capitalized, these few which fail to follow propper capitalization rules for titles make the general family of WoD articles inconsistent. --Belarius 19:23, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Introduction
I edited the introductory paragraph to bring it more in line with the intent of the authors who wrote the actual fiction on which the article is based. It had previously displayed a bias. I should probably add a "controversy" section into the article itself covering this topic, as the Technocracy's status vis-a-vis antagonism is something the fanbase spends a lot of time arguing about. --Stephenls 1:42, 28 Oct 2006 (UTC)

Merge discussion
I know that this is important to Mage: The Ascension, but notability is not inherited after all and this article does not show any individual notability outside of Mage: The Ascension. Thus, I think this should be merged either into the main article or some sort of list. Also, before anyone mentions the other WoD articles, remember that other stuff exists and just because they have an article doesn't mean this deserves one (or, indeed, that the other articles deserve to exist). – Harry Blue5 (talk • contribs) 23:18, 31 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Merge All to Mage: The Ascension - For fiction, the general standard is whether there is real world notability, and I don't see that for any of the subarticles. Only the game itself has that. For the record, I started an ill-advised deletion discussion on these articles. D O N D E groovily   Talk to me  02:01, 1 June 2011 (UTC) BTW, if the subarticles can be transwikied to a role-playing wiki, that would probably be best. 02:04, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Technocracy (Mage: The Ascension)


text: Category:Politicians in Asia

title: Category:Politicians in Asia