text:
User talk:Dscos/archive8

=November 2004=

Jackass?
C'mon, there's no need to call another user a jackass, even if it is Raul. anthony 警告 01:56, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I assure you, Raul and I are friends, it was only a playful jest. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 02:04, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, ok. anthony 警告 02:10, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

You do good work
Impressive scholarship, ethics and technical expertise. Gives me some hope for the future. For a start, I hope against hope that Bush hangs his head in defeat tomorrow. But I suspect he will just steal the election (again) if he loses (again). By the way, I'll be interested to know what you think here. --Alberuni 02:15, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, thank you, good sir. I hope in vain right there with you.  And thanks for the link, I hadn't seen it (VfD is hard to follow these days). BLANKFAZE | (что??) 02:22, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Dore Gold
Aloha. See my response on Talk:Dore Gold. Your violation of WP:3RR is not justified by any claim that I have not shown regard for policy, when in fact such a claim is false. Even if you think I violated policy, two wrongs don't make a right. In fact, I had to log off before I was able to comment on the Talk page, so you might want to assume good faith in the future. And please, do not use my talk page as a platform for edit wars. --Viriditas 09:38, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * See my reply to your comments on Michael Snow's talk page. I hope you will come back to the Dore Gold page and share your thoughts.  --Viriditas 04:12, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

?
Could you see Image talk:Blankfazemirrorpic.jpg? :) --BesigedB 18:28, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Keeping "In the news" NPOV and credible
Following various attempts to add partisan and fringe stories to Template:In the news, I've proposed a new criterion to keep such stuff out. Could you please take a look at Wikipedia talk:In the news section on the Main Page and let me know what you think? -- ChrisO 19:10, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Image:Working Man's Barnstar.png
Hi, just curious as to why you added a tag to Image:Working Man's Barnstar.png. Thanks. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 04:30, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I thought it was the best tag to describe the "Image may be used elsewhere without restriction", says SunirShah, creator, on Meatball:BarnStar. Original image from Barnstar Subterfuge (currently not available online). message already there. — David Remahl 12:18, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Vanunu and Israeli violence
Mordechai Vanunu is being attacked by pro-Israel sockpuppets and anonymous users. The same with Israeli violence against Palestinian children until it was locked. Is there a way of getting the IP of these vandals?- Xed 13:28, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Not that I know of. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 19:06, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Please rv Mordechai Vanunu to neutral version. Jayjg is claiming he had no conflict of interest in locking it in it's current state - Xed 14:41, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll look into it. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 19:06, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Dbachmann (dab) seems to have come in there and instated a good version (I think it's the one you support). The version Jayjg protected it on it incredibly POVed.  I definitely endorse the version it is on right now (15:48, 14 Nov 2004 Dbachmann m ("protected")). BLANKFAZE | (что??) 19:12, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

It would be a great help if the users and IPs listed here could be blocked: Vandalism_in_progress

They were involved in vandalising the above pages. All are sockpuppets with a few monomaniacal contributions - Xed 20:37, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)

User:Deuxmachina has resurfaced as User:Deuxmachina2 - Xed 09:13, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your vote of support on my adminship. And HAPPY BIRTHDAY!! Joyous 23:39, Nov 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * No problem and THANKS! :-) BLANKFAZE | (что??) 00:33, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Arbitration Elections
You may remember that I coordinated the previous two elections, for the board, and for the arbitration committee. I am willing to coordinate this election as well, and have asked Elian to assist. However, we would like to have the support of the candidates to do this. Do you support us coordinating the election? My policy is to be entirely neutral, and to ensure this, I will not be voting myself (I didn't vote in previous elections either). All results will be announced following the final count. Please answer on my talk page. Danny 01:01, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Yes, I'm dedicating myself to this. -- ℛ yan! |  Talk  19:56, Nov 21, 2004 (UTC)

Technical Problem on Endorsements Page with Your Signature
Candidate blankfaze, there appears to be a technical problem with your signature on the candidate endorsements page.

For some reason, your signature is expanded out with the custom logotype in some places, but not in others.

Not a big deal, but I thought I'd let you know, in case you might know of a way to fix it.

Cheers,

DV

Arbitration Committee Election Get Out the Vote Effort
Hi candidate blankfaze,

I have chosen to endorse your candidacy for the Arbitration Committee.

I think the best way to insure that your candidacy is successful, is to help to increase voter turnout.

One of the technical people on this site, who goes by the name Danny, helped me to make a very convenient tag that makes it super easy to place this "get out the vote" banner on your user page:

(Image removed)

Please consider adding this tag to your user page, as a great many pages link to your user page.

Thanks in advance if you choose to help out. If there are any issues which prevent you from doing so, please let me know - I would be happy to make a custom version of this tag just for your page if that's what it takes for you to proudly display it.

If you choose to display this banner, please put the tag as near to the top as your aesthetic sense will permit. :)

Regards,

--DV 17:22, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Male circumcision
Could you please protect this page? It's turning into an edit war. I'd do it myself, but have edited the page. Thanks. Exploding Boy 23:03, Nov 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not particularly interested in the topic myself, but the Male_circumcision page has been protected for 2 weeks now with not much going on on its talk page. Also the page does not seem to be listed on Protected_page. As I'm quite new here I'm not sure how to go about such a situation so it would be great if you could look into it. Cheers, --Jpkoester1 08:37, Dec 7, 2004 (UTC)

 * That page is constantly involved in disputes, and I'm sure that that's exactly what will happen as soon as the page is unprotected. I'd rather just remove myself from involvement with it.  I will, however, list it on Protected page.  BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 16:25, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Unimpressive track record so far
I fail to see how you can possibly be considered for an arbitration role when my experience of you is 1) that you revert articles without giving any reason, and 2) the articles in which you interfere are obviously something you are emotionally involved in, and as such should declare a conflict of interest, and leave arbitration in such cases to a neutral party. --Rebroad 11:29, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * The only instance I can recall in which ever coming into contact with you was about an hour ago, when I reverted your edit to George W. Bush - you changed "popular votes" to "votes". The edit was so ridiculous that I assumed it was vandalism and reverted without giving a reason.  I apologise if that was mean to be a legitimate edit.  However, in the United States, there are two kinds of votes - the popular vote and the electoral vote.  It appeared to me that by removing the word "popular", you were attempting to infer that Bush somehow "stole" the Presidency (which I myself agree with, but HISTORY does not record it as such). BLANKFAZE | (что??) 11:57, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Blankfaze. I apologise. I completely was not aware that you had two different types of vote in the US. In the UK we have just one vote. What is the purpose of the popular vote please? Is this given at the same time as the vote to say which person they want to be president? When would someone give different answers for their popular vote and their other vote? What does one call the vote that isn't the popular vote? Thanks, --Rebroad 19:07, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Rebroad: No worries, I apologise for treating you as a vandal. Let's put it behind us, I hate getting off on the wrong foot. The votes thing is sort of hard to explain but I'll give it a go. The U.S. Presidential election process is a bit BIZARRE:
 * In the United States, Presidents are elected by a body called the Electoral College. Each state has a number of electoral votes totalling its entire representation in Congress (i.e. number of Representatives to the House + number of Senators).  Additionally, the federal District of Columbia (which has no representation in Congress) is alotted 3 electoral votes.
 * A state awards all of its electoral votes to the candidate who wins the popular vote in the state (with the exception of two states who have the option to split their votes amongst different candidates).
 * There are 538 electoral votes (the total number of Representatives to the House (435) + the total number of Senators (100) + DC's three votes). A simple majority, or 270 electoral votes, is required to win the election.
 * The way the Electoral College works is: The different political parties select Electors who then pledge to give their votes to their party's candidate.  Whichever party wins the state, those electors cast their vote for their candidate.
 * Thus under this system, it is possible for a candidate to lose the national popular vote, yet WIN the electoral vote (and such has happened three times in US history, most recently in 2000). This can happen if a candidate carries a number of states with high electoral vote counts, yet loses states with smaller electoral vote counts.  For an example of this see U.S. presidential election, 2000.

Well I tried my best, but I don't know how well I did. The system was established in the Constitution and IMO it's bizarre and outdated. See U.S. Electoral College for more information. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 22:43, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Blankfaze, thanks for your explanation. I think I understand how it works, and I suspect we have a similar system in the UK, where we have constituencies representing a seat in parliment. There can be a situation in the UK where the majority of the voters votes for one party, but the other party can end up getting the majority of the seats due to the varying sizes of the constituencies. Does this sound like a similar thing to what you have? We don't refer to people's votes as "popular votes" though, just "votes", so even if The Conservative party won, we could still say "The Labour party got more votes" and this wouldn't necessarily indicate any "foul play". Hope this makes sense! --Rebroad 10:22, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * No problem, you're welcome, I hope you don't hold my initial rudeness against me :-) BLANKFAZE | (что??) 10:24, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
I've added a note to the "Requests for adminship"-page to include my msg, so everyone knows I've sent them. It was primarily meant to make sure the people that have come across don't miss it. After all they have the knowledge to judge my actions. (I've tried to make the message as NPOV as possible). However, if you can show it's against current policy to do so, I'm happy to remove the messages. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 11:39, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

I wouldn't want to be in your shoes
You are a brave soul for trying to reorganize the Endorsements page yet again!

However, I support your "endorsement" and "disendorsement" dual-page edit. (Although I'm not so sure about the word "disendorsement" - my dictionary doesn't have that word - are you sure you wouldn't care to rename "disendorsement" to "opposition"?)

For my part in authoring this page, I will admit that it was starting to creak under its own weight.

Now that I can see the unified opposition on the "disendorsements" page, without a bunch of "support" entries interleaved that dilutes their overall effect, I think the opposition would do well to leave this new organization as is.

The problem I had with Michael Snow's subpage organization onto many user pages was that one would conceivably have to click through dozens of links to read everyone's comments.

You have only added one additional link, so it's still possible to read everyone's comments without getting out a compass to navigate your way around.

There is one caveat to making this change - if another candidate, whose listing was populated mostly with "oppose" entries, had made such an edit, it might have looked a bit unseemly.

Good luck. I think you will manage to do some good if you are elected onto the Arbitration Committee.

Cheers,

--DV 12:37, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I support it too.Theresa Knott (Tart, knees hot) 12:50, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, guys. I was just trying to come up with a solution that would work best for everyone involved. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 16:29, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

ITN
What exactly mean by "valid" information? That is a true news story, well then yes it is valid. Should that sort of US-centric news be on the front-page of wikipedia, definitiely not. Labelling me a vandal is not the sort of cool-headedness I expect from would-be arbitrators. The Dan Rather appears neither on BBC world news, or CNN international. I don't think the American community understands that outside of America he is completely unknown. Not only that, but his resignation is of no international significance whatsoever. ed g2s •  talk  13:10, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * THIS IS NOT "INTERNATIONAL" WIKIPEDIA - This is the English-language Wikipedia - Dan Rather is a HOUSEHOLD NAME in one of the largest English-speaking countries in the world - it's news. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 16:28, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Right, and for the other 110 million people for whom English is a first language, and 350-1000 million for whom it is a second language, they will have never heard of this guy, and they never will. Regardless of how many people know him, a newscaster's retirement is of no real significance to anyone. There are far more important things happening in the world, even in the US. P.S. Please refrain from using FULL CAPS in conversation as it considered shouting, and therefore, impolite. Words can be italicised for emphasis. ed g2s  •  talk  00:07, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * When I have to get points across to bigoted Anti-American quota-lovers, I must SHOUT IT OUT! BLANKFAZE | (что??) 03:53, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I shall rephrase my comment: Ed g2s, I believe you to be Anti-American, or at least biased against America.  I believe that your notion that ITN should be patrolled to resist Amerocentrism is wholly ridiculous.  Beyond ridiculous.  Anyways, I was SHOUTING because I didn't seem to be getting through to you. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 18:04, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Blankfaze, now now, that's getting rather close to a personal attack, as well as pushing against the limits of Wikiquette and especially faux pas avoidance. James F. (talk) 11:29, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Can I request that you re-read Wikiquette and No personal attacks ("If you are personally attacked, you may remove the attacks or may follow the dispute resolution process or both.) as I would like to solve this amicably. I do not appreciate being called a bigot, and would like the comment removed. ed g2s  •  talk  14:12, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually the so called policy isn't actually a policy. It's a "proposed policy". I'm not taking sides though! --Rebroad 15:13, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * To Ed: I have read the policy numerous times.  As with most Wikipedia policies, I'm terribly, terribly familiar with it.  As James said, I suppose I skated a bit close to it there, but I do tend to be more liberal with my opinions on my talk page.  Regardless, I've rephrased my statement. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 18:04, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Who on earth is "Dan Rather"??? --Rebroad 10:24, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Haha. Dan Rather - very, very famous U.S. newsreader/anchorman/televison journalist/whateveryouwannacallit. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 10:26, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * oh. Good for him! Seriously though. I do often get the feeling that Wikipedia is a U.S. only website, and it's this kind of example that tends to back up that feeling. I'm not saying this is a bad thing. There's on ongoing debate as to whether .org domain names are US organisations or International organisations. How does one make the distinction anyway? --Rebroad 10:35, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I've just read the Dan Rather article. This is actually quite interesting! --Rebroad 10:39, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The Working Man's Barnstar
Hi, Blankfaze. I'm doing some work cleaning up and clarifying the various barnstars on Barnstars on Wikipedia, but I'm kind of stuck on the The Working Man's Barnstar. As the creator, would you take a look at the summary I placed there, and let me know if that was your original intent? Many thanks, ClockworkSoul 18:25, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi! Thanks for trying to clean the page up.  Your summary of The Working Man's Barnstar was good, but I changed it, hope you don't mind, to something I thought was closer to my original intent.  Thanks again. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 22:24, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Why would I mind. After all, that's why I contacted you. :) ClockworkSoul 22:41, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Arbitor elections
Blankfaze,

After reading the comments by Jimbo and many others (including you), I decided to remove all my disendorsements. Your response to my disendorsement would have seemed confusing if I would have left it in, so I removed your response as well. I'm not sure whether I should have done that or not – your response was fair and showed your acceptance of criticism, and you may have wanted it kept. Feel free to re-insert your comment, and you may re-insert mine if you wish – just strike it through if you do. Or you can leave it as is, which is my preference.

On a related note, I want you to know that my non-endorsement isn't mean as a disapproval of you or your editing. The way I see it, an arbitor is just a wiki-job, like tagging images or greeting newcomers. For an arbitor, the requirements for my endorsement are (1) to have proven they can admit when they're wrong (2) to have shown restraint in a situation where they could have made a snarky comment but didn't, and (3) to treat everyone – even trolls – with respect. Some of the people I endorsed, such as Neutrality and Theresa Knott, were borderline. Others who didn't make the cut, like you and Charles Matthews, were very close. You're a great admin, but I've seen you unable to resist taking a verbal swipe at an annoying user. Not all users, or even all admins, should fill those requirements I have for arbitors; I think some people are much more fun because they don't.

You do stand a reasonable chance of being elected, of course. If you are, I hope you'll take the above as heartfelt (though unsolicited) advice. – Quadell (talk) (help)  21:17, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * I am grateful for your decision to remove disendorsements, not because of your sentiments against me, but because I feel disendorsements in such things, in general, are, as Jimbo stated, not what this community is about. As far as your criticism – I didn't take offence to it, it merely surprised me.  But I suppose I understand what you mean.  I promise you, however, that my fairness is uncompromised, even if I do take a swipe at a troll or a vandal every once in a while.  I really truly want the best for this project, and if elected I will do my absolute best to make fair and unbiased decisions. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 22:11, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Do not make disendorsements note
IMO the Jimbo's urge to not make them and supported by the weight of him beeing the founder of Wikipedia is not appropriate. Statement of organizers distandcing themselves from (dis)endorsements and explaining the page allready had been there when they made the statement is IMO fair and enough.
 * It not such a crucial issue. I can't find any such strong statement by Jimbo.
 * It casts bad light on those who allready made dis-endorsements, who may look as if they were disregarding organizers and Jimbo's recommendation. (Which was not the case, statement against dis/endorsements was made ex post.)

I hope you can rephrase it somehow - I dont want to simply revert it / start yet another useless dispute on endorsements talk. --Wikimol 23:20, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I can't find any such strong statement by Jimbo.
 * On Arbitration Committee Elections December 2004/Candidate statements/Disendorsements, Jimbo said, "This page is a magnet and incentive for a different approach, one which I most vigorously reject for our community. I encourage people to avoid the use of this page, and instead stick to positive endorsements of people who you think will represent our values thoughtfully and rationally. If the trolls want to have an attack party here, let them. But let's not sink to their level. Jimbo Wales 16:53, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)" - Sounds pretty strong to me. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 23:24, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's quite strong. I didn't looked good enough, shame on me.

 * As to your second concern, I understand it and am going to look into possibly modifying the statement accordingly. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 23:24, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. -Wikimol`

It's completely wrong if, as it seems to me, anyone is saying we can only have candidates praising themselves, and endorsers praising them, but no comments from opposers of candidates. Just the chance to vote. (In an "election" that's not even been mentioned on the front page and will probably be totally unknown to most of the quarter of a million Wikipedia users. And which has other faults too.) The candidates have already had an advantage given to them by censoring/moving "disendorsements", which has given them a headstart on people who oppose them. Imagine a presidential election where you can support the candidates but not campaign or speak against them. That's not democracy it's fascism.WikiUser 18:14, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

And on a completely unrelated note
I've noticed that your signature has been broken in many places where I have seen it over the last two days.

Is there a technical issue which is preventing your "sig" template from expanding reliably?

No big deal, but I was thinking about using one as well, and now I'm having second thoughts when I see your signature failing to expand correctly from the template in so many places.

Cheers,

--DV 07:09, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure, it mostly happens on this talk page and a few others. It seems kind-of random.  It's kind-of annoying me.  I may switch back to old style soon, I dunno. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 10:09, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * This data point might interest you - I've noticed that on some very long pages, your signature is broken, but if I click the Edit button on a subsection where your signature appears, and then click Preview, your signature is then fixed! (As a matter of fact, the problem is exhibiting itself right here in this section.) When I earlier clicked Save on such a section (on another page), your signature then went back to being broken on the full page. This behavior indicates that there may be a problem with signature template expansion on pages over 32K in length? I'll test that theory out and get back to you if I find solid evidence that page size is the problem. --DV 11:19, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm. That is interesting.  Thanks for the theory. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 11:27, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The reason is, transcluded content (such as your sig subpage) can't be repeated more than five times on a page. Observe:

(demo removed)

The last one should show as "Template:Merge" rather than "This article should be merged with". I believe there are plans to change this in MediaWiki 1.4. HTH. (p.s. delete the demo once it's read so it doesn't screw up category:Articles to be merged. thanks.) —No-One Jones (m) 01:35, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah. Well that makes sense.  Thanks, my friend.  HTH?  Also – any idea when MediaWiki 1.4 will roll out? BLANKFAZE | (что??) 07:21, 26 Nov 2004 (UTC)

What's up?
Hi! I want to ask why did you say that you are reluctant to vote for anything that I vote for? I have never met you, crossed words with you, offended you or even heard about you prior to this.

I was a little surprised to see that message on the McGuiver vote page, although not upset, just surprised, because I haven't the singlest clue as why you'd feel that way.

God bless you!

Sincerely yours, "Antonio Wikipride Martin" 2:26, (MST), Nov 25, 2004
 * Nothing other than that I don't really care for you as a user, no offence. Sorry. BLANKFAZE | (что??) 10:07, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, thats ok that you don't care about me as a user, no offense taken. Although having friends here is certainly a big plus, I came here to help educate the world about interesting topics, not precisely to make friends. My friends at wikipedia are more than appreciated, although there is room for more, but if you dont care about me, thats perfectly ok with me.

What I would appreciate is that next time you say something about me, I would appreciate if you let me know on my talk page so I can at least, review the comment.

Thanks, and God bless "Antonio Jumping Tony Flash Martin"

Jihad
G'day mate, could I get you to list Jihad on Protected page? I think you protected it... Thanks! - Ta bu shi da yu 01:11, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, I remember that, I did it as I was going out the door. I hoped someone would notice and list it for me.  BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 01:15, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Copycat needs pointers
Hello. I used your user page as inspiration for how I wanted to lay out my user page. I've messed it up somehow. I don't know the markup and was trying to basically copy what you did and tweak it a little to personalize. Instead of occupying the right-hand part of the page, the Wikistress section stubbornly persists in staying below the main-body text section. The WP help pages I've looked at use a different markup than you used. If the problem is something simple, could you enlighten me? If it is a bit complicated, I would appreciate it if you could you point me to a page that explains how to use that particular markup. I'm willing to RTFM, if I can find it. :-) Thank you.  SWAdair | Talk  09:15, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, I'm not exactly sure where your problem is... Tell you what - I'll make a copy on a subpage in my userspace and see if I can get it working for you. BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 21:37, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I've put something together at User:Blankfaze/SWAdair. See what you think.  It's not exactly what you were shooting for, I don't think, but it's the best I could cobble together.   BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 22:17, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you. I've copied that to my sandbox so I can fiddle with it as time permits tonight.  Now that you were able to align the sections horizontally, I should be able to tweak things.  Thank you for taking the time to help.  I do appreciate it.  SWAdair | Talk  03:44, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * No problem, glad to help. BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 04:34, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

This should establish enough notability
I give you my newest masterpiece. Mike H 09:26, Nov 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Haha. Superb.  BLANKFAZE  | (что??) 21:32, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

A Message to my Fellow Candidate
Friend, The Arbitration Committee elections are almost here. I humbly ask for your vote in this election cycle. I have been a user of Wikipedia for over a year. I was here before the Community Portal, categories, or <tt></tt>. I know how Wikipedia operates, and I am prepared to do my part to deal with problematic accounts. I wish to cut out the bureaucracy that makes our website stagnate. We need solutions to our problems now. If you want an arbitrator who believes in action, frankness, honesty, and fairness in every case, I am your arbitrator. Thank you for your time. You are under no obligation to answer this message.
 * --Paid for by Mero. for ArbCom

title: User talk:Dscos/archive8


text: User talk:67.38.249.113

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:67.38.249.113


text:
Charleswood (electoral district)

Charleswood was a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created by redistribution in 1968, and formally existed from the provincial election of 1969 until that of 2019. The riding was in the westernmost tip of Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg.

Charleswood was bordered to the east by Tuxedo and Fort Whyte, to the north by Kirkfield Park, and to the south and west by the rural riding of Morris.

Charleswood's population in 1996 was 20,262. The riding's character is middle- and upper-middle class: in 1999, the average family income was $70,417, and the unemployment rate was 5.20%. Eleven per cent of the riding's residents are immigrants, with over half being of German origin.

The service sector accounts for 15% of Charleswood's industry, with a further 12% in the retail trade and 11% in health and social sciences.

Members of the Progressive Conservative Party represented Charleswood throughout its lifetime. Sterling Lyon was premier of Manitoba from 1977 to 1981 while representing Charleswood.

title: Charleswood (electoral district)


text:
Caulerpa taxifolia

Caulerpa taxifolia is a species of green seaweed, an alga of the genus Caulerpa, native to tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea. The species name taxifolia arises from the resemblance of its leaf-like fronds to those of the yew (Taxus).

A strain of the species bred for use in aquariums has established non-native populations in waters of the Mediterranean Sea, the United States, and Australia. It is one of two species of algae listed in 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species compiled by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group.

Description
C. taxifolia is light green with stolons (stems) on the sea floor, from which sparsely-branched upright fronds of approximately 20–60 cm (8–24 in) in height arise. Algae in the genus Caulerpa synthesize a mixture of toxins termed caulerpicin, believed to impart a peppery taste to the plants. The effects of the specific toxin synthesized by C. taxifolia, caulerpenyne, have been studied, with extracts from C. taxifolia being found to negatively affect P-glycoprotein-ATPase in the sea sponge G. cydonium.

Like all members of the genus Caulerpa, C. taxifolia consists of a single cell with many nuclei. The algae has been identified as the largest known single-celled organism. Wild-type C. taxifolia is monoecious.

Use in aquaria
Caulerpa species are commonly used in aquaria for their aesthetic qualities and ability to control the growth of undesired species. C. taxifolia has been cultivated for use in aquaria in western Europe since the early 1970s. A clone of the alga that was resistant to cold was observed in the tropical aquarium at the Wilhelma Zoo in Stuttgart and further bred by exposure to chemicals and ultraviolet light. The zoo distributed the strain to other aquaria, including the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco.

The aquarium strain is morphologically identical to native populations of the species. However, a 2008 study found that a population of the aquarium strain near Caloundra, Australia exhibited markedly reduced sexual reproduction, with only male plants present during some reproductive episodes. The aquarium strain can survive out of water for up to 10 days in moist conditions, with 1 cm fragments capable of producing viable plants.

Status as invasive species
Outside its native range, C. taxifolia is listed as an invasive species. It is one of two algae on the list of the world's 100 worst invasive species compiled by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group. The species is able to thrive in heavily polluted waters, possibly contributing to its spread in the Mediterranean.

Presence in the Mediterranean Sea
The presence of C. taxifolia in the Mediterranean was first reported in 1984 in an area adjacent to the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco. Alexandre Meinesz, a marine biologist, attempted to alert Moroccan and French authorities to the spread of the strain in 1989, but the governments failed to respond to his concerns. The occurrence of the strain is generally believed to be due to an accidental release by the museum, but Monaco rejected the attribution and instead claimed that the observed algae was a mutant strain of C. mexicana. By 1999, scientists agreed that it was no longer possible to eliminate the presence of C. taxifolia in the Mediterranean.

A study published in 2002 found that beds of Posidonia oceanica in the Bay of Menton were not negatively affected eight years after colonization by C. taxifolia. Other published studies have shown that fish diversity and biomass are equal or greater in Caulerpa meadows than in seagrass beds and that Caulerpa had no effect on composition or richness of fish species.

Studies in 1998 and 2001 found that the strain observed in the Mediterranean was genetically identical to aquarium strains, with similarities to an additional population in Australia.

Presence in Australia
A 2007 study found that a native bivalve mollusc species was negatively affected by the presence of C. taxifolia, but that the effect was not necessarily different from that of native seagrass species. A 2010 study indicated that the effect of detritus from C. taxifolia negatively impacted abundance and species richness.

Presence in California
C. taxifolia was found in waters near San Diego, California, in 2000, where chlorine bleach was used in efforts to eradicate the strain. The strain was declared eradicated from Agua Hedionda Lagoon in 2006. California passed a law in 2001 forbidding the possession, sale, transport, or release of Caulerpa taxifolia within the state. The Mediterranean clone of C. taxifolia was listed as a noxious weed in 1999 by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, prohibiting interstate sale and transport of the strain without a permit under the Noxious Weed Act and Plant Protection Act.

Other negative effects
C. taxifolia may become entangled in fishing gear and boat propellers.

Control methods
C. taxifolia may be controlled via mechanical removal, poisoning with chlorine, or application of salt. Researchers at the University of Nice investigated possible use of a species of sea slug, Elysia subornata, as a possible natural control method, but found that it was not suitable for use in the Mediterranean due to cold winter water temperatures and insufficient population density.

title: Caulerpa taxifolia


text: User talk:67.1.245.182

title: User talk:67.1.245.182


text:
Charleswood

Charleswood may refer to:

 * Charleswood, Winnipeg, a community in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
 * Charleswood (electoral district), a former provincial electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, centred on and named after the above neighbourhood
 * Charleswood, Calgary, a neighbourhood of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

title: Charleswood


text: Category:1485 books

title: Category:1485 books


text:
Lord Holland

Lord Holland may refer any of the holders of the following titles:
 * Earl of Holland, created in the Peerage of England in 1624, became extinct in 1759
 * Baron Holland
 * Baron Holland of Holland in the County of Lincoln, created in the Peerage of England in 1762, became extinct in 1859
 * Baron Holland of Foxley in the County of Wiltshire, created in the Peerage of England in 1763, became extinct in 1859

title: Lord Holland


text: Category:1480s books

title: Category:1480s books


text: User talk:219.93.186.25

title: User talk:219.93.186.25


text:
Talk:Fuse (electrical)

Not a circuit breaker
A fuse is not a circuit breaker - a circuit breaker is always a resettable electromechanical device. The article talks mostly about household fuses - they are also applied in power distribution up to about 115,000 V. I'll put this one on my list. --Wtshymanski 03:21, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Jurisdictions
Is it really the case that "most other" jurisdictions consider the branch circuit protection to also protect the flexible cord wires? I could only speak for US/Canadian standards. Does any other part of the world put a fuse in the attachment plug? --Wtshymanski 21:31, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * The british BS1363 plug is the only general purpose plug i know of that is normally fused (there is also the british electric clock connector and a few propietry variants of the BS 1363 plug). I have seen some pictures of old spanish installations that had fuses in the sockets though (these were however very old sockets with no earth contacts so they probablly aren't representitive of modern spanish wiring). Plugwash 19:35, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

Acronyms
Although I don't have the knowledge to write it, it would be nice to have a section near the end briefly explaining etc. and add the acronyms to those pages if they exist (SFE does exist but doesn't include this). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.127.68.239 (talk) 16:07, 25 November 2008 (UTC)
 * ATO : (Automotive Technology Organization) fusible part embedded in plastic with two press-in blade connectors in line for ... etc.
 * SFE :
 * MDL :

I believe SFE and MDL are just part numbers of fuses manufactured by Eaton's Cooper Bussmann Business. -- JohnTsams (talk) 17:14, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Article needs specific national labels
When reading this article I found numerous references to specific applications that do not give a national or geographic label. For instance, I've lived in the US, Switzerland and GB and can identify some of the applications discussed, but I don't think most people can. It could really be confusing. I realize that Wiki isn't a "technical reference handbook", but I think a lot of people come here for some quick information. I'll do what I can, but ... --TGC55 13:40, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Symbol
What is the elctronic circuit symbol for a fuse, the article doesn't say. Philc TECI 13:37, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm sure someone will insert a good picture, but, basically, in ASCII art: ---o~o---

 * That is, a squiggly piece of metal between two terminal circles.

 * Atlant 13:45, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm i've always seen a different one, like the rectangulat resistor symbol but with a line through the middle. Plugwash 00:02, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

There are 3 common fuse symbols. The 3rd one is

---O><O---

Tabby (talk) 12:03, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Hopefully the ascii art will now encouage someone to produce a nice image :) Tabby (talk) 12:08, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

 * That's strange, Tabby, but in over 40 years in electronics, nearly 30 of which being a registered professional engineer, I haven't encountered that symbol, either in North American literature or European literature. Can you cite a governing standard that defines this symbol, such as IEC/DIN or IEEE/ANSI/NEMA?  It's certainly not part of either of these graphics standards.  I have, however, encountered symbols in print publications and on the Web that are obviously improvised by people who have no training in engineering or drafting standards, and now that this symbol has been introduced into Wikipedia, this bit of misinformation appears all over the Web. —QuicksilverT @ 18:03, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

Its not misinformation, all 3 symbols have been used in print for decades. I've seen this one numerous times.

There are often arguments over which of the popular symbols is 'correct' with many different symbols, not just fuses, but I dont think such a concept is of any value. What matters is that they're widely used. Tabby (talk) 13:27, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

The fuse symbol graphic is referenced incorrectly. The symbol with horizontal line through the rectangle is the IEC version, see IEC 60417, symbol # 5016.

doug 17:03, 20 January 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dougp01 (talk • contribs)

Fuse Boxes
The CU that is so popular in the UK is not the one shown, but an older variant. Its another Wylex, always black, with rounded corners and either a black plastic base, or with older ones a wooden base. These were a common fitting for decades, and masses are still in use, desite their safety issues. Tabby (talk) 10:13, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

Is the mention of Wylex based on sales popularity or did they develop this format of CU? I'm a bit dubious about popularity as I've seen many domestic electrical installations (including similar format CUs) but only about 5 years ago saw my first Wylex, so they may not be common everywhere - MK (and MEM!) were more popular in these parts when I was young. Also, any statement about relative popularity should have a reference; and even with a proper reference it is perhaps too geographically specific for a worldwide article.

Aside from that, the present lower two photographs are of industrial distribution boards using MCBs rather than domestic CUs with fuses, which appears out of keeping with the article. The more complete of the two seems to have three-phase breakers. Definitely NOT a fuse box. (Though it would be interesting to see a picture of an industrial installation with fuses.) Perhaps this section should be renamed Fuses in Building Installations (or something) to include industrial applications...

Anihl (talk) 05:43, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I've added some imagery and hopefully clarified this section a bit ... I think it could do with some images of cartridge fuse installations - and could do without the MCB installations which I can’t see as relevant.  Would anyone object if I removed them?  I also have a rather clearer set of images of a 1970s MEM CU similar to the Wylex, if we think they would be an improvement.  Not wanting to overload it... Anihl (talk) 23:47, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
 * There being no objections, have now removed those images, so they're not obtruding into the subsequent section. :-) Could maybe do with a shot of a cartridge-fuse CU, though visually they're not so different from the Wylex... Anihl (talk) 01:36, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

I've seen many homes and commercial buildings built after 1950 that used edison fuses in the midwest USA. At least as late as 1972 fuses were still used, and certainly in the mid 60's they were often still installed in new construction. Rfguy (talk) 04:11, 22 November 2008 (UTC)Rfguy

Here's a pic of the famous Wylex fusebox with original rewirable fuses. Its public domain. Tabby (talk) 13:38, 24 January 2011 (UTC)
 *

fuses
what type of metal is used in small fuses? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.73.81.133 (talk) 20:56, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

A: usually tin plated copper 116.90.140.41 (talk) 04:33, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

Section on UK domestic fuses and their markings
I've added a section on UK domestic fuses and their markings as this was the information I really wanted to see when I initially came to this page. After doing some research I thought I would share my findings for others coming to this page for the same reason as me. Wjoea (talk) 10:23, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

 * If you could add references, that would be great. If you're not sure how to add the refs, just post the URLs here and I (or someone else) can add them for you. Yngvarr (t) (c) 10:29, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Hi, I got my information from a number of sources, mostly internet forums - are these allowed as a reputable reference? Not much else on this page has references? Wjoea (talk) 10:54, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Depends on the source really. If you want to list them here, we can discuss them. I imagine there must be some sort of codified regulations regarding this stuff, so it'll be just a matter of find them. Yngvarr (t) (c) 11:05, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Not much else here has references in part because forums and hands-on knowledge are not reputable sources. ;-) At the risk of a stunning overgeneralisation, practical and trade topics are less easy to provide good encyclopaedic references for than academic topics, simply because they aren't academic topics (or at least, the few academic electricians have more remunerative things to do than build WP).  That and the inaccessibility of engineering standards documents. :-( Anihl (talk) 22:19, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

 * While it is certainly true (and utterly deplorable) that engineering standard documents tend to be inaccessible, you can get a lot of relevant info from manufacturers catalogs. But IMHO including these as sources could be construed as spamming and would likely be seen as unfair and arbitrary, as in listing a Ferraz Shawmut catalog as source rather than Littelfuse, etc. (Both are fuse manufacturers)
 * I would strongly argue against including internet forums as sources (or for that matter, using any information you find there) because generally speaking they're 95% BS. Rocknrollsuicide (talk) 02:45, 4 July 2009 (UTC)

ENGVAR
I have decided to standardise this article on British English spelling. (The first editor I could find to use words of variable spelling used .)—Dah31 (talk) 03:00, 16 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Really? Why? There are bigger problems with the article than spelling. --Wtshymanski (talk) 17:11, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

Wiki myopia
Three hundred lines on DIN standards and British plugs, and no explanation of how the darn thing works! --Wtshymanski (talk) 17:11, 3 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Less train spotting detail and more general principles would be in order for an encyclopedia; Wikipedia is not a parts catalog. --Wtshymanski (talk) 19:23, 17 August 2009 (UTC)

Factoring:Wikipedia is not a parts catalog
There's still a lot to be said about fundamentals of fuses, but instead we have a couple of long parts lists. Automotive fuses and teh stuff about two types of IEC fuses could be spun out to satisfy the parts collectors, leaving space in this article for more on fundamental principles. The big tables are very colorful but tell us nothing that we're not better off getting from a real catalog. I propose renaming the existing section called "standard designs" (which is not a good description anyway) and factor out the fuses listed there to Fuses (IEC Low voltage), and the colorful tables for car fuses can all move to Fuse (automotive). This article can just retain some general observations on the different standards (UL, IEC, ANSI, EN, DIN, BS) and point at the factored-out articles for details. Comments? In particular, anyone to suggest a good reason not to do this? --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:32, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. Wizard191 (talk) 18:53, 24 August 2009 (UTC)
 * fixed the link above, Fuse (automotive) now exists and I shall probably get around to creating IEC 60269 soon, and move the diazed, etc. fuses there. There's a lot more to iec 60269 than is shown here at this point. --Wtshymanski (talk) 03:18, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Spun out IEC 60269, I've found several references this week (a Knovel subscription is handy to have access to) and this will be my project for the weekend. I've seen the IEC standards, too, and some summary of their prefaces and in scope is needed at IEC 60269.  Right now it only has some German and British fuses, but there's also Italian and North AMerican fuses to add (yes, the United States ia an IEC country, too!)--Wtshymanski (talk) 16:11, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Car-type blade fuses
I have found that, if I actually draw 15 amps through a 15 amp car-type blade fuse, the plastic melts and becomes welded to the fuse holder. Is this a common problem or did I have a poor-quality fuse? Biscuittin (talk) 10:01, 19 September 2009 (UTC)
 * The reason I mention it is that, if it is a common problem, it could be included in an "advantages and disadvantages" section. Biscuittin (talk) 19:42, 19 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Doesn't seem encyclopedia-worthy to me. Are you sufficiently familiar with fuse standards to say that they aren't supposed to melt their cases at "nameplate" current? If it was all that common, surely the standards would have been changed? Can you find any reliable quality sources that discuss the problem? --Wtshymanski (talk) 22:55, 19 September 2009 (UTC)
 * As an electrician (although not a fuse expert), I think the fuse's marked rating is usually for the protection of a circuit normally using perhaps half to three-quarters of that current, so that a short circuit (causing a large increase in current) would still blow the fuse fairly quickly. As car fuses are frequently used in electric motor circuits, such as fans and wipers, they will be rated as "slow blow", because electric motors take a much higher current than normal when starting up.

 * Biscuittin, you are operating the fuse at the extreme edge of its operational envelope, so it gets hot without quite blowing ! It is not intended to carry that current continuously.  Darkman101 (talk) 19:00, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

MCB's "nuisance" trip
"MCBs are rather prone to nuisance tripping" No, no they are not. I think most people who saw the time / current curves for MCB's would be quite surprised at how reluctant they are to trip. I'm assuming the original author was referring to RCD's for which a cartridge fuse does not offer a suitable alternative. --82.46.177.123 (talk) 03:25, 3 December 2009 (UTC)

In the UK our type B MCBs are far more prone to nuisance trips than fuses, and this is the main reason why fuses are still sometimes installed in domestic CUs. I gather the situation is the reverse in the US, due to the widespread use of thermal element only MCBs. Tabby (talk) 13:41, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

pole fuse
what is the pole fuse rating in fiji

FSU and SFU
I was about to buy a fuse and got confused by the term FSU. I found an answer there: http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061104113946AAemUU9. I guess this has to do with which potential the unit ends up at after the fuses breaks? I added it to the disambiguation page for FSU, but thought maybe someone would like to describe it in here. Cyril.holweck (talk) 15:52, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Pole mounted fuse cutouts
The fuses appear to be supplying a 3 phase capacitor bank, not a transformer. user:Dgrinkev —Preceding undated comment added 19:18, 22 June 2010 (UTC).
 * No, that's a transformer. Not all pole-mount transformers are round. I was there when the fuse blew and I took the picture. That was a pumping station for drainage at the dam; we demonstrated that there was no interlock in manual between the two pumps installed at that station. When both pumps were running, the fuse blew after a few seconds. Not normally a problem because one pump should always suffice for the expected volume of leakage water, but we noted this as a possibility in the inspection report anyway. --Wtshymanski (talk) 15:33, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

Characteristic curves graph
This page should really have some graphs to show the characteristic curves for different fuses, plotting current and time to show that fuses have non linear characteristics. For example see: http://www.sicherungen.de/en/?site=kennlinien&subsite=zeitstrom Thomas d stewart (talk) 15:56, 21 October 2010 (UTC)

Breaking capacity section
Some incorrect information in this section currently.

In the UK, standard practice is as follows for domestic premises mains wiring: CU fuses are rated 1-3kA, PSCC = 6kA. If greater than the fuse's rupturing ability flows, the overload is interrupted not by the CU fuse but by the incomer fuse.

Perhaps rename to Interrupt Rating?

Rated voltage section
"Voltage rating of the fuse must be greater than or equal to what would become the open circuit voltage. For example, a glass tube fuse rated at 32 volts would not reliably interrupt current from a voltage source of 120 or 230 V. If a 32 V fuse attempts to interrupt the 120 or 230 V source, an arc may result. Plasma inside that glass tube fuse may continue to conduct current until current eventually so diminishes that plasma reverts to an insulating gas. Rated voltage should be larger than the maximum voltage source it would have to disconnect. This requirement applies to every type of fuse."

Again this is too simplistic and not really true. On cars, some loads are inductive, and if a 32v rated fuse blows, the fuse can see far more than 32v. This is acceptable since in time the circuit voltage drops to under 32v, and the circuit can then be interrupted. Tabby (talk) 13:44, 24 January 2011 (UTC)
 * What does this MEAN? Maybe you should contact the SAE and IEC committees that rate fuses and tell them that 32 V isn't an adequate rating for 12 V automotive applications, though it's really OK becauase the voltage drops?  What is your point here? --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:25, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree with Wtshymanski, we're talking about system source voltage and the fuse voltage rating. Maybe rewording of the part regarding arcing would help. Arcs will almost always form in a fuse interrupting a current, especially 120 V and greater. Its how quick the arc is quenched that is important to achieving a high interrupting rating. --JohnTsams (talk) 19:40, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Asstd corrections
"Fuse markings[6] will generally convey the following information;
 * 1) Breaking capacity"

Most fuses in the UK, whether 1.25", 20mm, mains plug, car, or CU, don't have this on them.

"n the UK, older electrical consumer units (also called fuse boxes) are fitted either with semi-enclosed (rewirable) fuses (BS 3036) or cartridge fuses (BS 1361). "

Some new ones are too. MCBs have become more popular now, but rewirable & cartridge fuses are still legal & being installed.

"The "Wylex standard" consumer unit was very popular in the United Kingdom until the wiring regulations started demanding Residual-Current Devices (RCDs) for sockets that"

Ironically the Wylex fusebox pictured is not the type that has been so popular in previous decades. Public domain picture of one at http://wiki.diyfaq.org.uk/index.php?title=CU

", it is desirable to blow (clear) only the fuse (or other overcurrent device) electrically closest to the fault. This process is called "coordination" and m"

in the UK its called 'discrimination' Tabby (talk) 13:46, 24 January 2011 (UTC)
 * If it's an approved fuse, it implicitly must meet the standards for that class of fuse. Let's say that you won't see the kA interrupting rating stamped on the fuse but you will see some approval agency logo, which implies that the fuse meets the standards for that class of fuse. What percentage of the world's fuse applications are for protecting house wires in the UK? --Wtshymanski (talk) 15:17, 24 January 2011 (UTC)

Etymology
The word "fuse" does indeed derive from the Latin fusus, but the first meaning of fusus is not "to melt" (that would be fundo, fundere). See this Online Latin Dictionary. Fusus is the perfect participle of fundo, fundere and as such its meaning is: extended, spread out, opened wide, which is a more useful way of thinking about the function of a fuse, since when it operates its ultimate function is to open the circuit (by melting). Mousemusic (talk) 08:26, 26 January 2011 (UTC)Mousemusic
 * WP:BOLD. --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:10, 26 January 2011 (UTC)
 * ✅ Actually the Latin etymology is a back formation. The origin are the French and Italian words for "spindle" (fusée,fuso) walk  victor falktalk 12:50, 28 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Fascinating - this is why I read the talk pages more than the articles themselves. See also Fusee (horology) ! Explains why 'spindle' ! Also related to Rifling - Rifle = Fusil in French ? Fucile in Italian ? Or was it the Match of a Matchlock ... ? Fuse (explosives) wound round a stick. --195.137.93.171 (talk) 00:30, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

Packaging types and dimensions
The section "Packages and Materials" describes how fuses are available in a variety of sizes and shapes but not what those shapes and sizes are. The cartridge fuse is mentioned but the standard types of cartridges (1AG,2AG,...) are not. A picture of blade fuses is shown in a later section but that package is not mentioned in this section. If I were holding a fuse attempting to identify its packaging with this page (and I was) then I would probably be out of luck (I was).

I think this section could really use a table defining some industry-standard fuse cartridges; perhaps multiple tables depending on the diversity of package types (by geolocation or industry?) Some pictures would definitely be useful in this section too.

I found my answer for package sizes at http://search.digikey.com/us/en/cat/circuit-protection/fuses/655421 - no promises but at some point I'll try to add the content I was looking for. 134.121.79.160 (talk) 22:05, 21 February 2012 (UTC)
 * If I was looking for an air cleaner for my car, I wouldn't be looking at an encyclopedia - I'd find a parts catalog. --Wtshymanski (talk) 22:25, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Speeds, Types and markings
FF = ultra fast blow F = fast blow M = medium blow TT = very slow blow L = low blow current H = HRC = high rupture current S = sand filled

Notable ?

Can anyone find a better source than fixya.com ?

--195.137.93.171 (talk) 00:39, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

The speed mentionned on this page is incorrect. I checked several datasheet about fuses after an unexpected experience with a fuse. The speed category is an inidcator for how fast teh fuse blows at ten times the nominal current. At twice the nominal current, a fast blow fuse blows after more than 100 seconds, so after 1.5 minutes. --Mdeweerd (talk) 14:21, 21 June 2020 (UTC)

I came to the Fuse page looking for exactly this information. If anyone can confirm it, please add it to the section on "Markings". In addition, logically, T should mean Slow. (Which is what's on the fuse I'm trying to identify.) Darkman101 (talk) 21:56, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

Breaking Capacity -> Interrupt Rating
Interrupt Rating is more common to fuses where as Breaking Capacity is use on breakers. There are slight differences in the terms. Some fuses have breaking capacities significantly higher than the interrupt rating. The rating just implies the fuse passed the IEC or UL testing for short circuit current interrupting. Interrupt Capacity vs Interrupt Rating | Interrupt Rating --JohnTsams (talk) 21:21, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

Etymology is wrong.
I don't think this is correct, "In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse (from the French fusée, Italian fuso, "spindle"[1])".

The word fuse comes from "Fusible Link", "Fusible Cut-out", and "Fusible Safety Shunt". Fusible = easily melted, link = a connection between.

See US patent, US1098870, US502330, US480802.

"...the combination, with the fusible wire of a safety-fuse, of one or more movable disks threading said wire, the openings in said disks being approximately of the size of the wire..."

-- JTsams talk 20:18, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

I came here to say this, so I concur. Here is a source, in French. Ultimately from the Latin verb "fundere" meaning "to melt". Granted, they cite etymonline.com as a reference, which does state that "erroneously attributed to fuse (v.) because it melts", but does not cite further source, contrary to crntl.fr, which bases its articles on the systematic and scientific analysis a a huge corpus.

Herix (talk) 08:49, 29 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Horrible content
Horrible and pathetic content as compared to the German version here ! . needs a total rewrite Shrikanthv (talk) 14:55, 7 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Looked at a Google translation of the German page and wasn't impressed with it. Too much catalog information, no history, repetitive and scattered discussion of parameters. All the auto fuse stuff is specialized content best suited to its own article.  Vast long tables of fuse dimensions for someone's favorite standard. --Wtshymanski (talk) 21:55, 7 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fuse (electrical)


text:
File:Golden Earring - Prisoner of the Night.jpg

Cover for album Prisoner of the Night by To the Hilt.

Fair use rationale for

 * It is believed that the use of this image on the English-language Wikipedia to illustrate an article on the audio recording in question falls under the "Non-profit educational" clause of the Fair Use doctrine currently upheld by United States law. (17 U.S.C. § 107)
 * The image is irreplaceable; a free analogue is impossible to produce as the original will be covered by copyright for the foreseeable future
 * Owing to the limited web-resolution of the image, only a small portion of a copyrighted work is used
 * For the same reasons, the portion of the copyrighted work used is of inherently lower quality than the original, reducing the risk of competitiveness and therefore the effects of this copy on the market for or value of versions held by the owner of the copyright


text:
Prisoner of the Night

Prisoner of the Night is an album by Dutch hard rock band Golden Earring, released in 1980. In the US, the album was titled Long Blond Animal.

Track listing
All songs written by Hay and Kooymans.

 * 1) "Long Blond Animal" - 3:36
 * 2) "No For an Answer" - 4:13
 * 3) "My Town" - 3:06
 * 4) "Prisoner of the Night" - 4:50
 * 5) "I Don't Wanna Be Nobody Else" - 4:41
 * 6) "Cut 'Em Down to Size" (Gerritsen, Hay, Kooymans, Zuiderwijk) - 3:23
 * 7) "Will and Mercy" - 3:36
 * 8) "Come in Outerspace" - 4:24
 * 9) "Going Crazy Again" - 4:59

Personnel

 * George Kooymans - guitar, vocals
 * Rinus Gerritsen - bass guitar, keyboards
 * Barry Hay - flute, vocals, guitar
 * Cesar Zuiderwijk - drums

Additional personnel

 * Tony Britnel - saxophone, tenor saxophone
 * Robert Jan Stips - synthesiser, keyboards

Production

 * Producer: George Kooymans
 * Engineer: John Kriek
 * Mixing: George Kooymans, John Kriek
 * Photography: Kees Tabak

title: Prisoner of the Night


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Talk:Piedmont Geriatric Hospital

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Does anyone have any better pictures of the hospital? Nathanlarson32767 03:22, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Piedmont Geriatric Hospital


text: Category:1500s books

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text: Talk:Pogocello

title: Talk:Pogocello


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title: Category:1585 books


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Lord Howe

Lord Howe may refer to:

 * Earl Howe (also Viscount Howe and Baron Howe), a peerage title in the United Kingdom, including:
 * Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (1726–1799), Admiral of the Fleet
 * Geoffrey Howe (1926–2015), later Baron Howe of Aberavon, the longest-serving British cabinet minister under Margaret Thatcher

Geography

 * Lord Howe Island, an island in the Pacific Ocean administered by Australia
 * Lord Howe Atoll, also known as Ontong Java Atoll (not to be confused with Lord Howe Island)
 * Lord Howe Province, a marine biogeographic region of Australia
 * Lord Howe Rise, an underwater plateau in the Pacific Ocean
 * Lord Howe Seamount Chain, a seamount chain on northern Lord Howe Rise

Biology
There are a number of species endemic to Lord Howe Island whose name includes the words Lord Howe:

Birds

 * Lord Howe boobook, the extinct bird whose scientific name is Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria
 * Lord Howe currawong or Strepera graculina crissalis
 * Lord Howe fantail or Rhipidura fuliginosa cervina, extinct
 * Lord Howe gerygone or Gerygone insularis, extinct
 * Lord Howe golden whistler or Pachycephala pectoralis contempta
 * Lord Howe morepork, another name for the Lord Howe boobook
 * Lord Howe pigeon or Columba vitiensis godmanae, extinct
 * Lord Howe red-crowned parakeet or Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae subflavescens, extinct
 * Lord Howe silvereye or Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus
 * Lord Howe starling or Aplonis fuscus hullianus, extinct
 * Lord Howe swamphen or Porphyrio albus, extinct
 * Lord Howe woodhen or Gallirallus sylvestris, endangered

Other species

 * Lord Howe flax snail or Placostylus bivaricosus, an endangered snail
 * Lord Howe Island butterflyfish or Amphichaetodon howensis, a fish
 * Lord Howe Island skink or Cyclodina lichenigera, a lizard
 * Lord Howe long-eared bat or Nyctophilus howensis, an extinct or endangered bat

Other uses

 * Lord Howe Monster, a fictional creature fought by Godzilla
 * Lord Howe, a Scilly packet in service between Penzance and the Isles of Scilly

title: Lord Howe


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St. Clare Entertainment

St. Clare Entertainment is a television production company owned by John Landis, Robert K. Weiss, and Leslie Belzberg. The company was responsible for such television series as Sliders, Weird Science, Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show, Campus Cops, Dream On, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World.

The company takes its name from Clare of Assisi, the patron saint of television. Their logo consists of a drawing of three wise monkeys ("See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil") sitting in the center of the screen.

The company was at one time, affiliated with MCA TV, via the Universal Television unit. In 1995, after 15 years at the Universal lot, St. Clare Entertainment was moved to Walt Disney Television, with the intent to develop new television projects. On November 11, 1997, St. Clare started working on The Lost World through DirecTV's Action Adventure Network alliance. On January 10, 1999, it inked into a partnership with Canadian TV producer Telescene to develop The Lost World to television under Action Adventure Network, for New Line Television, who served as US distributor and Fremantle Corporation, who served as international distributor.

title: St. Clare Entertainment


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Hohner

Hohner Musikinstrumente GmbH & Co. KG is a German manufacturer of musical instruments, founded in 1857 by Matthias Hohner (1833–1902). It is a subsidiary of Matth. Hohner AG. The roots of the Hohner firm are in Trossingen, Baden-Württemberg. Hohner has manufactured a wide range of instruments, such as harmonicas, kazoos, accordions, recorder flutes, melodicas, banjos, electric, acoustic, resonator and classical guitars, basses, mandolins and ukuleles (under the brand name Lanikai). Hohner is known mostly for its harmonicas.

From the 1940s through 1990s, the company also manufactured various electric/electronic keyboards. Especially in the 1960s and 1990s, they manufactured a range of innovative and popular electromechanical keyboard instruments; the cembalet, pianet, basset, guitaret, and clavinet. In the 1980s, several Casio synthesizers (such as the Casio HT-3000/Hohner KS61midi and the VZ-1/HS-2) were sold under the Hohner brand.

Nowadays, Hohner produces harmonicas, melodicas, accordions and recorder flutes.

History
Clock maker Matthias Hohner began crafting diatonic harmonicas in 1857, assisted by his wife and a single employee. 650 were made in the first year. Hohner harmonicas quickly became popular, and in his lifetime Matthias built the largest harmonica factory in the world. During the American Civil War, Matthias Hohner distributed harmonicas to family members in the United States who in turn gave them to the soldiers.

In the 1920s, Hohner began manufacturing chromatic harmonicas, which unlike the "standard" diatonic form can be played in any key. Famous harmonicist Borrah Minevitch claimed he sold his design for the chromatic harmonica to Hohner.

In 1964 Hohner released "The Beatles Harmonica Kit" which was sold in a blister package, much like most Hohner harmonicas nowadays, retailed for $2.95, and help what Hohner calls "bring about a new popularity upsurge of the Hohner harmonica on both sides of the Atlantic.".

Matthias Karl Hohner, son of Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Hohner and a direct descendant in fourth generation and name bearer of the founder Matthias Hohner, was one of the last members of the Hohner dynasty involved in managing the family business, he worked since 1924 at the company and in 1965 he became the president till 1971 when he died. His son Matthias Francisco Hohner belonged to the first generation of direct descendants who did not enter into the family business. Many direct descendants of the founder are still active as members of the "Deutsches Harmonika Museum" and the "Hohner'sche Familienverein".

In 1989, a controlling interest in Hohner was acquired by Kunz-Holding GmbH & Co., a German wood products manufacturer. Kunz obtained 67 percent of the public firm, with the Hohner family retaining an 8 percent stake.

In 1997, the Taiwanese company KHS Musical Instruments bought a majority holding in Hohner from Kunz via the Tortola based HS Investments Group. The company returned to profitability in 2001, after more than 20 years of losses. By 2012, HS Investments Group held a 75% stake in Hohner.

Marine Band
"The Marine Band" is the base model of the line. Technically named the Marine Band 1896/20 for the year it was introduced and the twenty reeds it possesses, it has been the basis of a number of Hohner's harmonicas over the years. It also has some tuning variations like the 1896N (natural minor key) and the 1896H (harmonic minor key).

The Marine Band has been Hohner's most popular model of harmonica for generations. Made in Germany on a wood comb, most blues and rock artists play a Marine Band. Several noted users are Bob Dylan, Brian Jones, John Lennon, Bruce Springsteen, Little Walter and Neil Young. There are various subdivisions of the Marine Band.

The Special 20 (#560) was introduced in the mid-1970s. It has the same reeds as a Marine Band, but it has a plastic comb instead of a wooden comb, and rounded edges. It was the first Hohner harmonica to have a plastic comb, which not only made the instrument more airtight, but also eliminated the swelling wood combs go through as they moisten from use. Made in Germany, this model quickly became the preferred choice of many rock and blues players. Now, most harmonicas being manufactured from all companies are based upon the Special 20. Its most noted user is John Popper, who appears on the blister. Like the 1896, the Special 20 also has tuning variations available, like the #560C in country styled tuning, and the #560N in natural minor.

The Marine Band Deluxe has all the features of the original Marine Band with tighter construction and a new cover design which creates a greater volume.

The Marine Band Crossover also features the same reeds, but is made on a bamboo comb that is water repellent.

The Marine Band Thunderbird is a model of low and super-low pitched 10-hole diatonic harmonica that was introduced in 2011. It possesses a bamboo comb like the Crossover, and a conical shaped lower cover plate. Designed by noted harmonica player and customizer Joe Filisko, this plate helps reduce any rattle caused by the low frequency tone produced by the reeds. It is available in low major keys A through F, as well as low B-flat and E-flat, and double-low F.

The Marine Band 364 has twelve holes and is available is the natural keys of C, G, and D only.

The Marine Band 365 has fourteen holes and is available in keys C and G only.

The Marine Band Soloist (364s) is the same as a twelve-hole chromatic harmonica without a button. Available in key of C.

The Marine Band 365 Steve Baker Special (365/28 SBS) possesses the same construction as the original 365, but with low pitched tuning to their natural major keys, available in C, D, G, A, and F. It is named for, and was developed in part by noted harmonicist Steve Baker, who resides in Germany and has contributed to the design of several other Hohner harmonica models, including the Marine Bands Deluxe and Crossover.

The Marine Band Octave has two rows of reeds tuned an octave apart. Available in the keys of C and G.

Modular harmonica system
In the mid-1990s, responding to the competing new Lee Oskar Harmonica System by Tombo, Hohner introduced an interchangeably parted series known as the Modular System, usually abbreviated MS. Over the years, several harps have been added to this system.

The Blues Harp has been around since the early 1970s. Until the 1990s, it was functionally identical to the Marine Band, the only differences being the cover plates and the varnish on the front of the wood comb, and the Blues Harp's profile was thinner as well. At one point, Johnny Cash promoted the Blues Harp. In the 1990s, Hohner made the Blues Harp part of its Modular System (MS) line. This new Blues Harp lost its uniqueness, and is interchangeable with the other models in the MS line, but it currently remains the standby of many players who use MS harps.

The Pro Harp features lacquer-coated cover plates with a glossy black finish and a plastic comb. Since its inception, it has become a very popular model among rock and roll players. The Pro Harp was another model that was in Hohner's handmade line of harmonicas, and was later adapted to the modular system.

The Cross Harp was a nearly identical model to the Pro Harp with the exception of a wood comb and slightly thicker original reed plates. The black coverplate coating was greblon. It was discontinued in 2011.

The Big River Harp was introduced as a less expensive alternative to the Blues Harp. It is favored among beginner harmonicists, although many experienced players also prefer the Big River for its higher natural volume. It features a plastic comb and bare metal cover plates.

The Blue Midnight was released in 2011 with a limit to the key of C, also on the less expensive side of the market. It features stainless steel cover plates with a wider back gap for enhanced volume while playing. The unique feature of this harp is the comb, which is made out of translucent blue plastic. The comb allows for brighter tone than the black combed models. It also has a special just intonation (JI) "Chicago tuning". It is also now available in other keys.

The 225 - Deuce and a Quarter was a limited edition harmonica on the modular system that was put out in 2007 and 2008. It was made on a black plastic comb, with chrome-plated reedplates, and black powder-coated coverplates with art resembling a vintage car's hood-emblem. It was available only in the key of A.

The Meisterklasse is a high-end harmonica featuring chrome-plated cover plates, an anodized aluminium comb, and extra thick 1.05mm nickel-plated reeds. Originally issued as a more compact, unique model, the revised version (still carrying the same 580 model number) is now on the modular system, made in Germany. One other feature that sets the Meisterklasse apart from most other Hohner harmonicas are its full-length cover plates, which extend all the way to the ends of the harmonica's comb rather than sharply angling down before the ends to form an adjoining surface parallel to the reedplates and comb. The only other Hohner harmonica possessing this quality is the curve-framed Golden Melody.

Other diatonic harmonica models
The Old Standby is another model beloved by generations of harmonica players. Up until the 1990s, this model was a quality instrument made in Germany on a wood comb. Where the Marine Band was the choice of blues players, many country music players such as Charlie McCoy preferred the Old Standby. In the 1990s, Hohner began manufacturing this model in China on a plastic comb with a significant decrease in quality. Among harmonica fans the downgrade remains unpopular.

Golden Melody, designed by Frank and Cham-Ber Huang, has a curved shape. This German-made, plastic-comb model has a slightly different tuning (equal temperament) than other diatonic harmonicas, making the Golden Melody better suited for playing single-note melodies and solos.

The XB-40, (short for Extreme bending-40 reeds), is unlike any other diatonic made. Released in 2003, it was specifically designed by harmonica specialist Rick Epping to simplify proficient bending of the notes. To make this possible, the XB-40 uses forty reeds as opposed to the usual twenty found in most ten-hole diatonics. With these bending capabilities, the XB-40 gives access to all the notes on the chromatic scale through bending the natural tones of each hole. This model was discontinued in 2013. Shortly before production officially ceased, Suzuki Music released a similar model the SUB-30.

The American Ace has been a popular choice as a beginner's harmonica for decades. Originally made in Ireland on a wood comb, this model is currently being made in China on a plastic comb.

The Pocket Pal is a recent addition to the Hohner standard line of harmonicas. It is somewhat unusual because it is slightly shorter in length than most harmonicas, leading to its namesake of being pocket handy. It is Chinese made, which is unfavorable to most harmonica players, but the Pocket Pal has caught on as an inexpensive, yet quality harp. Like the Old Standby, the Pocket Pal is designed for use in country music.

38C, also known as the Mini Harp, is Hohner's least expensive model. With four holes, the 38C plays a single octave in the key of C. Like other budget harmonicas, the 38C is manufactured in China with a plastic comb.

The Little Lady is very similar to the 38C, but on a pearwood comb and with different cover plate art. It is technically a playable harmonica, but it is generally regarded as a knick-knack piece that can be used as personal jewelry. It is also available as a keychain. The Little Lady holds the distinction of being the first musical instrument to be played in outer space.

Other harmonica types
In addition to diatonic harmonicas Hohner also produces other types such as chromatic and tremolo harmonicas.

Chromatic
The Chromonica, no longer in production, contained forty reeds and played 2½ full chromatic octaves. This was the original Hohner chromatic model, available until recently in C or G.

The Discovery 48 an entry level chromatic harmonica, aimed at beginners. Contains forty-eight reeds featuring full length cover plates, the same 1.2mm reeds found in the deluxe and a reversible mouth piece.

There is also a Super Chromonica 270 which contains forty-eight reeds and spans three octaves.

The Super Chromonica 270 Deluxe is an updated improvement on the Super Chromonica, featuring tighter reedplate fixtures, thicker reedplates, round holes in its chrome-plated mouthpiece, a smoother slide mechanism which can be remounted for left-handed use, and a round-edged comb for more comfortable holding. The Deluxe is also available with a gold-plated mouthpiece and coverplates, known as the Super Chromonica Gold.

The Educator 10 is a 10-hole, 40-reed chromatic harmonica built on a plastic comb. It is designed without the valve or windsaver technology found in many other chromatics, and because of its ten holes, it is smaller than most chromatics. This makes it a simple and inexpensive chromatic, ideal both for novices and for experienced diatonic players making the transition from the smaller 10-hole harmonicas. Like the Chromonica, it plays $2 1/2$ full octaves.

The Koch Chromatic and Slide Harp are both designed in the same fashion as chromatic harmonicas, but possess the Richter tuning found in typical 10-hole diatonic harmonicas. Like the Educator 10, both are also 10-hole and built on a pearwood comb. The Slide Harp has been discontinued.

The 64 Chromonica is a four-full-octave harmonica in the key of C. With 64 reeds on a plastic comb, it boasts an extra octave below the middle-C note, giving it an accentuated versatility.

The CX-12 is a 12-hole, 48-reed chromatic, uniquely designed with a one-piece plastic housing and a more ergonomic slide button. It is available in several keys including a tenor-C. The standard model is charcoal black in color, but a gold colored one is available in the key of C only. A variant of the CX-12, the CX-12 Jazz, has slightly different outer body features for better ergonomics, a red and gold colored housing, and higher reed offsets which aid in better tone for jazz harmonica players.

The Meisterklasse chromatic is a very high-end model (7565). It is Hohner's premium 14-hole chromatic (56 notes). Like its diatonic sibling, it features an anodized aluminum comb, and chrome-plated brass cover plates and mouthpiece. The cover plates extend the length of the comb. Essentially, it looks like a bigger version of the original diatonic Meisterklasse introduced in the 1980s (but which was later revised for the MS series reed plates).

Tremolo
On tremolo harmonicas each channel has two reeds for each note, i.e. one pair for blown notes and another pair for drawn ones, each pair tuned slightly apart from one another to produce a tremolo sound.

The most popular models are either single-sided or double-sided Echo harps, but the single-sided ones can be combined into quadruple or sextuple 'corncob' setups, with a different key on each row.

Chord
The Chord Harmonica consists of two harmonicas hinged together. Together, they are capable of playing 48 chords. They are 23 inches long, and each chord takes up 4 holes. The chord harmonica is used to provide chordal and rhythmic backing in an ensemble, much as rhythm guitar might do. Jerry Murad's Harmonicat's 1947 "Peg O' My Heart" was played on a Chord, with a cleverly arranged sequence of chords that produced the impression of a melody. Hohner's main Chord is known as the Hohner 48, because it plays 48 chords. Hohner from the 1930s to the late 1960s also produced the Polyphonia No. 8, which played 36 blow-only chords, in three rows. The concept failed and is often frowned upon by professional 48 chord players.

Polyphonia and Chromatica
Another form of harmonica is the Chromatica and Polyphonia harmonica. Basically identical in design, the Polyphonia (often shortened to "Poly") and Chromatica harmonicas have all notes in a row in chromatic scale, side by side.

150th anniversary and beyond
For Hohner's 150th anniversary in 2007, the company began manufacturing Limited Edition Diatonic harmonicas all tuned to the key of C major only.

 * Gold limited to 150 pieces.
 * Chrome limited to 1,857 pieces.
 * Standard Edition

The "Gold Edition" harmonica is based upon the MS reed plates. It features a crystal glass comb and engraved gold-plated cover plates. The bottom cover plate has the serial numbers from 1 to 150. It is packaged in a leather case with an anniversary booklet.

The "Chrome Edition" harmonica is also based upon the MS reed plates. Featuring a crystal glass comb and specially engraved chrome-plated anniversary cover plates. The bottom cover plate has the serial numbers from 1 to 1857. It is also packaged with an anniversary booklet. The "Standard Edition" model features a clear acrylic comb and the top cover plate is specially engraved.

The "Standard Edition" model is presented in 12 piece wooden anniversary boxes.

Artist series harmonicas
Hohner has several harmonicas designed by several famous harmonica players.

Larry Adler
Classical harmonica player Larry Adler had his own harmonica series, still produced by the company, which were chromatic with either 12 or 16 holes.

Toots Thielemans
Jazz player Toots Thielemans also has a chromatic harmonica line with two types being Mellow Tone (for classical material) and Hard Bopper (for contemporary material).

Stevie Wonder
Stevie Wonder, plays both Hohner the 64 Chromonica and Super 64 with four-octave range on all his records since the 1960s.

Steven Tyler
Aerosmith's front man Steven Tyler has two types of diatonic harmonicas. An Artist Series and a Signature Series with the latter being more expensive.

Bob Dylan
Folk musician Bob Dylan also has a Signature Series diatonic harmonica as well as a Collection which features seven harmonicas.

Guitars
Guitars were produced under the Hohner name from the late 1950s until around 2015 when the company withdrew from the guitar market. During that period, guitars were commissioned or designed by several of the Hohner companies including those in Germany, USA, United Kingdom and France.

History of guitar production
The earliest documented Hohner guitars were made for Hohner London (the trading name of the UK subsidiary M. Hohner Ltd.) around 1960. The first guitars were named after London districts (Kingsway, Farringdon) with a second run of guitars having more exotic names (Amazon, Zambezi). By 1962, Hohner London focussed on distributing Kay guitars and production of their own guitars petered out.

The US subsidiary M. Hohner Inc had an existing relationship with the Sano Corporation of New Jersey to make accordion amplifiers under the brand name Contessa. In the 1960s, Sano also imported Zerosette guitars from Italy and they started to be badged as Contessa for sale by Hohner. By the late 1960s, a range of solid body, semi-acoustic and acoustic Contessa guitars were being offered in the US and Europe. Guitars were sourced or commissioned from manufacturers including Eko, Framus and others. Steve Vai's first guitar was a Contessa HG-200.

During the early 1970s, production of especially classical and folk guitars continued under the Contessa, Contessa By Hohner and Hohner Contessa names. By 1974 (and probably much earlier) at least some guitars were being sourced from Japan. In 1974, M. Hohner Inc. registered Hohner International as a trademark for use on musical instruments. The Contessa name was dropped with the exception of a small number of classical guitars. From 1975, most guitars had the Hohner name on the headstock and Hohner International branding on the soundhole label of acoustic guitars. Guitars were then produced under the Hohner brand from around 1975 to 2015, when Hohner withdrew completely from the guitar market.

By 1975, guitar production was entirely in Japan. Around 1976, the 300 Limited Edition series and the 700 series acoustic guitars were added to an expanded range of classical, folk, concert and dreadnought guitars. In 1977, a range of electric guitars was introduced consisting mainly of replicas of popular Fender and Gibson guitar and bass models. Some electric guitars were made at the Moridaira factory in Matsumoto, some acoustic guitars were made at the Terada factory, with the remainder made by unidentified factories.

Some acoustic guitar production started to move to Korea as early as 1978 although electric guitar production remained in Japan until at least 1983. By 1985, new ranges of Korean made electric guitars were introduced - the budget SE range (known as the Arbor Series in the United Kingdom) consisting mostly of Fender and Gibson copies; and the Professional range which included headless basses and guitars based on technology licensed from Ned Steinberger as well as the ST (Stratocaster and Superstrat style guitars), TE (Telecaster style guitars, including reissues of the Prince guitar), and L (Les Paul style guitars) models which would form the core of the Professional range for years to come. These guitars were made at the Cor-Tek factory in South Korea, more commonly referred to by their in-house brand Cort Guitars.

In 1990, the English guitar maker Alan Entwistle joined Hohner UK bringing his ATN tone shaping circuitry. In 1991, this was incorporated into the existing ST59 model as the ST59-ATN and into a new model, the JT60-ATN. The popularity of these models allowed Hohner UK to influence guitar production for the next few years, introducing the Revelation series of guitars which were designed in the UK and made at the Delicia factory near Prague and in 1994 setting up a Hohner Custom Shop in Bedwas to produce made to order variations of guitars. To differentiate budget models from the Professional Series and other higher end guitars, the brand Rockwood by Hohner was introduced in the mid-1990s.

Hohner London Kingsway (1960)
This is probably the earliest Hohner guitar, dating to the second half of 1960. It features a hollow construction, a birch neck and a single pickup. The pickups and electrics were made by the Weill company who had previously worked with Burns London and assembly was probably by Stuart Darkins, a furniture manufacturing company.

HG-320 Limited Edition (1975)
The HG-320 was part of the Limited Edition Series of acoustic guitars introduced in 1975 and produced till the early 1980s. It is a dreadnought guitar and the design closely resembles that of a Martin D-41. The guitars were made in Japan and all featured solid spruce tops, rosewood or maple backs, and highly decorative inlays and marquetry. Later models were probably made at the Terada factory but the earliest guitars show some differences and could have been made by smaller luthier shops.

HG-490 (1977)
The HG-490 was a version of the HS Anderson HS-1 Mad Cat made for Hohner by the Moridaira/Morris factory in Japan around 1977. They were largely a copy of a Fender Telecaster in configuration, but the body is an unusual construction using a Birds' eye maple cap either side of a walnut strip and the guitar has decorative binding and leopard print pickguards. They sold for around 80,000 yen or $800.

Musician Prince bought a Hohner HG-490 guitar in the late 1970s and it was said to have been his favourite guitar. Although very few original models were made, Hohner and others have since made many other versions starting in the early 1980s. Hohner reissues include Hohner THE Prinz, Hohner TE Prinz and Hohner The Artist HTA490.

Prince himself had multiple luthier copies of the guitar made, some of them indistinguishable from the original. As such, it's difficult to be definitive about when he was using an actual Hohner guitar.

B2 (1985)
The Hohner Professional B2 was a headless bass introduced in 1985. It used a bridge licensed from Steinberger and was available with passive or active pickups, the latter designated B2A, as well as a five-string active version designated B2AV. The B2 proved a popular alternative to the much more expensive Steinberger headless basses and remained in production until at least 2012.

JT60 "Hollywood" (1991)
The JT60 was designed in the UK but produced in Korea from 1991 to around 1996 and was an offset guitar similar to a Fender Jaguar but with a Fender Stratocaster pickup and control layout. It was designed by Alan Entwistle, who had recently joined Hohner UK, and features Entwistle's own ATN tone circuitry to emulate different guitar types. The first production models were displayed at the British Music Fair in June 1991 where orders for it greatly outstripped those of the more conventionally Stratocaster-shaped ST59 ATN model which had been produced because of fears that the JT60 was too unconventionally shaped.

Accordions
The Hohner Electravox is an electronic accordion made in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which has one channel (combined left hand and right hand) or two channel (separate left hand and right hand channels, which enables independent volume changes), 92 bass/chord buttons, keyboard percussion effect for the bass buttons and keyboard, a vibrato effect (with slow/fast options), and a separate power supply unit, which sits on the floor. The Electravox had 16', 8', 5 1/3', and 4' registers. The tuning for the Electravox could be changed to match another instrument, such as a piano or organ, but this required changing all 12 master tone generators with a special tool.

Notable Hohner players
A number of early blues harmonica players throughout the 20th century have been known for using Hohner Marine Band harmonicas because they were the most available at the time. However, as other harmonica companies began to expand and Hohner produced different types of harmonicas, harmonica players started to develop preferences.

 * Carlos del Junco – The blues harmonica player is noted for playing a Golden Melody like his mentor Howard Levy.
 * Howard Levy – The multigenre harmonica player is noted for playing several different brands but says the Golden Melody is his favorite.
 * Jerry Portnoy – The blues harmonica player is primarily a Hohner Marine Band Crossover player since it came out and has given it much praise. He has played with artists such as Bonnie Raitt, Eric Clapton, Muddy Waters, as well as others.
 * John Popper – The lead singer of the jam band Blues Traveler is noted for playing a Special 20.
 * Brandon Santini - The blues, roots-rock harmonica player and vocalist is endorsed by Hohner and plays Hohner Special 20 and Hohner Rocket harmonicas.
 * John Sebastian, Sr. – The late classical harmonica virtuoso was noted for playing a 64 Chromonica. He also worked on improvements to its lower register as a consultant for Hohner.
 * John Sebastian – The folk, rock and blues harmonica player has primarily played both Hohner Meisterklasse and Marine Band harmonicas, sometimes with customizations.
 * Neil Young – The rock, country and folk harmonica player is known to play a Hohner Marine Band in the key of G.
 * Bobby Darin – The multi-faceted artist released the Blues album "Commitment" in 1969. Several of the album's songs (including "Me and Mr. Hohner") rely heavily on his use of harmonicas.

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